jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energy level alignment and band bending at organic interfaces

Recent progress in the study of the energy level alignment and band bending at organic interfaces is reviewed, taking the examples mainly from the results of the group of the authors using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), metastable atom electron spectroscopy (MAES), and Kelvin probe method (KPM). As for the energy level alignment right at the interface, the formation of an electric dipole layer is observed for most of the organic/metal interfaces, even when no significant chemical interaction is observed. The origin of this dipole layer is examined by accumulating the data of various combinations of organics and metals, and the results indicate combined contribution from (1) charge transfer (CT) between the organic molecule and the metal, and (2) pushback of the electrons spilled out from metal surface, for the case of nonpolar organic molecule physisorbed on metals. Other factors such as chemical interaction and the orientation of polar molecules are also pointed out. As for the band bending, the careful examination of the existence/absence of band bending of purified TPD* molecule deposited on various metals in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) revealed negligible band bending up to 100 nm thickness, and also the failure of the establishment of Fermi level alignment between organic layer and the metals. The implications of these findings are discussed, in relation to the future prospects of the studies in this field. (*:N,N'- diphenyl-N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine).

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Survey on Mining Frequent Itemsets over Data Streams

Mining frequent itemsets over data stream has been challenging task.The incoming data from various sources like ecommerce website, click streams, text, audio, weather forecasting etc. are massive unbounded and high speed that it is impractical to store all, process and scan complete data at the same time to extract information.While processing memory and time are the main parameters must be minimum consumed.Thus the paper provides different algorithms for mining over static and dynamic data also known as data stream.

Topic: Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Harmony search to solve the container storage problem with different container types

This paper presents an adaptation of the harmony search algorithm to solve the storage allocation problem for inbound and outbound containers. This problem is studied considering multiple container type (regular, open side, open top, tank, empty and refrigerated) which lets the situation more complicated, as various storage constraints appeared. The objective is to find an optimal container arrangement which respects their departure dates, and minimize the re-handle operations of containers. The performance of the proposed approach is verified comparing to the results generated by genetic algorithm and LIFO algorithm.

Topic: Maritime Ports and Logistics
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Osteoid osteoma of the elbow].

The osteoid osteoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of bone, most frequently located in the lower extremity (head of the tibia). Because of its rarity and its mostly rather unspecific clinical symptoms, diagnosis of the tumor is frequently problematic. Ideally, osteosclerosis surrounding a central focus (nidus) is revealed by radiology. Radiological imaging seems to be the most effective tool in reaching the correct diagnosis. Operative resection of the nidus is the only known curative therapy for osteoid osteoma.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A pilot study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) therapy for patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Abstract Patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTLs) have an extremely poor prognosis when relapsed or refractory to conventional chemotherapy. We have studied alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, as therapy for patients with heavily pretreated and refractory PTL. Fourteen patients entered the study. All had clinical stage III or IV disease. Patients received a rapidly escalating dosage of alemtuzumab during the first week and, thereafter, 30 mg intravenously 3 times per week for a maximum of 12 weeks. Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and valaciclovir prophylaxis was given to all patients. The overall response rate was 36% (5 of 14). Three patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and 2 patients a partial remission. The durations of the CRs were 2, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Toxicity included cytomegalovirus reactivation in 6 patients, which was successfully treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet; pulmonary aspergillosis in 2 patients; and pancytopenia in 4 patients. Epstein-Barr virus–related hemophagocytosis was observed in 2 patients. Five patients died of causes related to the treatment, in combination with advanced disease. We conclude that alemtuzumab is active when used in patients with advanced, heavily pretreated PTL, although it is associated with significant hematologic toxicity and infectious complications. Further studies are warranted in younger patients and patients with less advanced disease. (Blood. 2004;103: 2920-2924)

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Ethnicity and Prior Depression on Hospital Course and Outcomes in First-Time Stroke Patients

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the US and can result in major disability. Depression can increase risk of stroke and death from stroke, and it is related to worse post-stroke outcomes. There is a dearth of research in Hispanic people, who have a higher burden of disease than non-Hispanic people. The goal of this project was to determine how ethnicity and prior depression affect patient outcomes after first-time stroke.\nFive hundred cases from Baptist Hospital's Get With The Guidelines-Stroke database (9/14-5/15) were analyzed. It was a 2 (Hispanic, non-Hispanic) x 2 (prior depression, no prior depression) factorial cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics analyzed subjects on baseline characteristics (demographics, comorbidities, and NIH Stroke Scale score), hospital course [IV t-PA or neuro-intervention and their turnaround times, and length of stay (LOS)], discharge functional status [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], and discharge disposition. Nonparametric median test was used for LOS and χ2 analysis was used for mRS and disposition.\nOf 500 cases, 199 were excluded because of: prior stroke, TIA, MI, or atrial fibrillation, or LOS≥30 days. Of 301 cases, 195 patients were Hispanic (65%), and 30 had depression (21/195 Hispanic, 12%; 9/97 non-Hispanic, 9%). A marginally significant interaction of ethnicity and depression was found (p=0.061), such that non-Hispanic patients with depression had a shorter LOS than the other groups (3.7 d vs. 6.3-6.9 d). Of 301 patients, 171 (57%) were discharged home. Hispanic patients were less likely to be discharged home (54%) vs. 62% of non-Hispanic patients, regardless of depression. Of 279 patients with a mRS score, 98 (35%) had a good clinical outcome. Only 1/4 of Hispanic patients with depression had a good clinical outcome, vs. 1/3 of patients in the other groups.\nThere was an interaction of ethnicity and depression on LOS where non-Hispanic patients with depression had a shorter LOS than other groups. These findings may be clinically important. It is critical to determine whether these patients had less severe strokes or fewer comorbidities, or if patients were discharged too quickly.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sublethal Enteroviral Infection Exacerbates Disease Progression in an ALS Mouse Model

Abstract Background : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatalneurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors.Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovirus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), has been proposed as a possible causal/risk factor for ALSdue to the evidence that enteroviruses can target motor neurons and establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and recent findings that enteroviral infection-induced molecular and pathologicalphenotypes closely resembleALS. However, a causal relationship has not yet been affirmed. Methods :Wild-type C57BL/6J and SOD1 G85R ALS mice were intracerebroventricularly infected with a sublethal dose of CVB3 or sham-infected. For a subset of mice, ribavirin (a broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral drug) was given subcutaneously during the acute and/or chronic stage of infection. Following viral infection, general activity and survival were monitored daily for up to week 60. Starting atweek 20 post-infection (PI), motor functions were measured weekly. Mouse brains and/or spinal cords were harvested at day 10 and week 60 PI for histopathological evaluation of neurotoxicity, immunohistochemical staining of viral protein, neuroinflammatory/immune and ALS pathology markers, and NanoString and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression. Results : We found that sublethal infection (mimicking chronic infection) of SOD1 G85R ALS mice with CVB3 resulted inearly onset and progressive motor dysfunction, andshortened lifespan, while similar viral infection in C57BL/6J, the background strain of SOD1 G85R mice, did not significantly affect motor function and mortality as compared to mock infection within the timeframe of the current study (60 weeksPI).Furthermore, we showed that CVB3 infection led to a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration and induced ALS-related pathologies ( i.e., TDP-43 pathology and neuronal damage) in the CNS of both SOD1 G85R and C57BL/6J mice. Finally, wediscovered that early (day 1) but not late (day 15) administration of ribavirincould rescue ALS-like neuropathology and symptoms induced by CVB3 infection. Conclusions : Our study identifies a new risk factor that contributes to early onset and accelerated progression of ALS and offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies.

Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Semi-supervised image classification based on a multi-feature image query language

The area of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) deals with a wide range of research disciplines. Being closely related to text retrieval and pattern recognition, the probably most serious issue to be solved is the so-called \\semantic gap". Except for very restricted use-cases, machines are not able to recognize the semantic content of digital images as well as humans. This thesis identifies the requirements for a crucial part of CBIR user interfaces, a multimedia-enabled query language. Such a language must be able to capture the user's intentions and translate them into a machine-understandable format. An approach to tackle this translation problem is to express high-level semantics by merging low-level image features. Two related methods are improved for either fast (retrieval) or accurate(categorization) merging. A query language has previously been developed by the author of this thesis. It allows the formation of nested Boolean queries. Each query term may be text- or content-based and the system merges them into a single result set. The language is extensible by arbitrary new feature vector plug-ins and thus use-case independent. This query language should be capable of mapping semantics to features by applying machine learning techniques; this capability is explored. A supervised learning algorithm based on decision trees is used to build category descriptors from a training set. Each resulting \\query descriptor" is a feature-based description of a concept which is comprehensible and modifiable. These descriptors could be used as a normal query and return a result set with a high CBIR based precision/recall of the desired category. Additionally, a method for normalizing the similarity profiles of feature vectors has been developed which is essential to perform categorization tasks. To prove the capabilities of such queries, the outcome of a semi-supervised training session with \\leave-one-object-out" cross validation is compared to a reference system. Recent work indicates that the discriminative power of the query-based descriptors is similar and is likely to be improved further by implementing more recent feature vectors.

Topic: Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data_Sheet_2_Deep Sequencing of MHC-Adapted Viral Lines Reveals Complex Recombinational Exchanges With Endogenous Retroviruses Leading to High-Frequency Variants.pdf

&lt;p&gt;Experimental evolution (serial passage) of Friend virus complex (FVC) in mice demonstrates phenotypic adaptation to specific host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes. These evolved viral lines show increased fitness and virulence in their host-genotype-of-passage, but display fitness and virulence tradeoffs when infecting unfamiliar host MHC genotypes. Here, we deep sequence these viral lines in an attempt to discover the genetic basis of FVC adaptation. The principal prediction for genotype-specific adaptation is that unique mutations would rise to high frequency in viral lines adapted to each host MHC genotype. This prediction was not supported by our sequencing data as most observed high-frequency variants were present in each of our independently evolved viral lines. However, using a multi-variate approach to measure divergence between viral populations, we show that populations of replicate evolved viral lines from the same MHC congenic mouse strain were more similar to one another than to lines derived from different MHC congenic mouse strains, suggesting that MHC genotype does predictably act on viral evolution in our model. Sequence analysis also revealed rampant recombination with endogenous murine leukemia virus sequences (EnMuLVs) that are encoded within the BALB/c mouse genome. The highest frequency variants in all six lines contained a 12 bp insertion from a recombinant EnMuLV source, suggesting such recombinants were either being favored by selection or were contained in a recombinational hotspot. Interestingly, they did not reach fixation, as if they are low fitness. The amount of background mutations linked to FVC/EnMuLV variable sites indicated that FVC/EnMuLV recombinants had not reached mutation selection equilibrium and thus, that EnMuLV sequences are likely continuously introgressing into the replicating viral population. These discoveries raise the question: is the expression of EnMuLV sequences in mouse splenocytes that permit recombination with exogenous FVC a pathogen or host adaptation?&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Use in the STRONG-HF Trial

BACKGROUND: Assessment of medication changes in heart failure trials and registries is complex and may not capture the entirety of care. A comprehensive and standardized method is needed. We used different methods to assess the use of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) and verified the association between GDMT intensity score with the STRONG-HF trial (Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Rapid Optimization, Helped by NT-proBNP Testing of Heart Failure Therapies) clinical outcomes. METHODS: We used data from the STRONG-HF trial to examine the baseline GDMT use for all randomized patients by applying the GDMT intensity score and evaluated its change over time. We also examined their basic adherence, indication-corrected adherence, and dose-corrected adherence, and the association with clinical outcomes up to 180 days. RESULTS: At 90 days, triple therapy indication-corrected use increased from 4.5% to 36% in the usual care group, and from 5.2% to 93.5% in the high-intensity care group ( P &lt;0.001 between the 2 groups). Triple therapy dose-corrected use increased from 4.5% to 20.5% in the usual care group, and from 3.3% to 77.4% in the high-intensity care group ( P &lt;0.001). The GDMT intensity score at baseline was &lt;6 in 358 (33%) patients, 6 to 7 in 329 (31%) patients, and &gt;7 in 386 (36%) patients. At 90 days, 88.4% of patients in the high-intensity arm achieved a score &gt;7 versus 14.3% in the usual care arm ( P &lt;0.0001). The GDMT intensity score was correlated with clinical outcomes at 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: The GDMT intensity score provides a comprehensive description of medication use by means of standardized measurements and is linked to clinical outcomes. Future studies should consider utilizing this as a trial end point. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03412201.

Topic: Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An empirical investigation of parent-child shared reading of digital personalized books

Numerous studies have documented the benefits of parent-child shared reading of print books, but few studies have examined parent-child reading behaviours with digital personalized books. This lab-based study examined the child language outcomes following shared reading of a personalized digital book by twenty-six British mothers and their 3- to 4-year-old children. The digital book included pages that were individualized to each participating child, with each child’s name, photograph, favourite toy and food, as well as generic pages with no personalized content. The findings indicate the significance of personalization features in parent-child shared reading on screen and indicate the importance of parents’ role in expanding beyond children’s focus on self during shared reading.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Soil nitrate profile and response of potatoes to fertilizer N in relation to time of incorporation of lupin (<i>Lupinus albus</i>)

Lupin (Lupinus albus L. ’Ultra’) was evaluated as a green manure crop the year preceding potato production on Prince Edward Island for 3 yr. One pass of tandem disc was used to incorporate lupin green manure on 1 September (early) or 1 October (late). Barley residue following combine harvest was also incorporated in the same way in early September. One treatment of lupin was left unharvested with no fall incorporation (none), and in another treatment of lupin the seed was fall harvested with no fall incorporation. All treatments were moldboard plowed the following spring. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ’Russet Burbank’) was planted with three rates of nitrogen (0, 50, and 200 kg ha −1 ) band applied. Tuber yield and tuber N content increased with increasing rates of N applications in all incorporation treatments. Following late incorporated lupin, potato had higher tuber yield at 0 N than following the early incorporated lupin, while both treatments were higher than barley. Potato petiole nitrate-N levels and the mean spring nitrate-N concentrations in the soil were lower following barley than following lupin, and generally lower following early compared to late incorporation of lupin green manure. These data indicate the time of fall incorporation of a legume can have a significant effect on the N response of a succeeding crop. Early fall incorporation can result in significant fall N mineralization and winter leaching. Research on N response after legumes in rotation should consider the impact of time and method of residue incorporation. Key words: Petiole nitrate-N, nitrate leaching, green manure

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lisinopril Use in a Large Military Medical Center

The results of a drug use evaluation of lisinopril at a large teaching military medical center are reported. Indicators and thresholds were developed and approved by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. The medical charts of 227 patients for whom lisinopril was prescribed from June 1991 to June 1992 were reviewed for appropriateness of prescribing, appropriateness of monitoring, occurrence of any adverse drug reactions, and detection of drug interactions. Prescribing was appropriate in 97% and monitoring was appropriate in all reviewed cases. The most common adverse drug reactions detected were cough (7%), hypotension (3%), and rash (2%). Patients were also prescribed several drugs that may interact with lisinopril. Lisinopril appeared to be well tolerated and efficacious. Forty patients (18%) experienced adverse drug reactions related to lisinopril. There did not appear to be any major deficiencies with lisinopril prescribing and no corrective action needed to be taken other than educational activities for the appropriate use of lisinopril. Information from this drug use evaluation is useful in formulary decision making.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD SXmp #31180.1

Soft X-ray detector array system measures the radial soft X-ray emission profile from LHD for equilibrium and stability analysis by using multi-channel scintillator. Soft X-ray is converted to visible light and detected by PMT. Frequency up to 200kHz can be covered.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effect of Injections of Tumor Fractions on Liver Catalase Activity of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;

The Effect of Injections of Tumor Fractions on Liver Catalase Activity of Mice Get access Robert E. Greenfield, Robert E. Greenfield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alton Meister Alton Meister National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 5, April 1951, Pages 997–1005, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.5.997 Published: 01 April 1951 Article history Received: 02 January 1951 Published: 01 April 1951

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
200 mm Silicon on Porous Layer Substrates Made by the Smart Cut Technology for Double Layer Transfer Applications

Silicon On Porous Layer (SOPL) substrate was elaborated by applying the Smart Cut{trade mark, serif} technology to silicon substrate having a superficial porous Si layer. Porous Si layer morphology was characterized after anodisation process. A single crystalline/porous Si bilayer was transferred onto a handling wafer to form SOI like structure. Subsequent bonding to a final wafer and separation induced in the fragile embedded porous Si layer led to the double-transfer of the single crystalline Si layer. Changes in mechanical properties and chemical composition of the embedded porous silicon layer as a function of the annealing temperature were also determined. Thickness homogeneity of the transferred thin Si layer was estimated after SOPL fabrication and after double-transfer achievement. The perfect crystallinity of the active Si layer was conserved during the whole process. SOI-like structure fabrication and subsequent separation of thin high quality Si film are reported in order to demonstrate adequacy of SOPL with post device post processing substrate removal.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences