jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intention to use immediate-postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives and associated factors among pregnant women in third-trimester at Arba Minch town, South-Ethiopia, 2024; Using Theory of Planned Behaviour

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: Ethiopia has made significant strides in reducing unintended pregnancies and empowering individuals to manage their family size through the national reproductive health strategy. This strategy has decentralized services to provide a comprehensive range of family planning options, ensuring quality. However, the intention to use and actual utilisation of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives is still low, contributing the least to the contraceptive mix. Hence this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to use immediate-postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives among third-trimester pregnant women in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia. <bold>Methods</bold>: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 6 July to 2 August 2024. A total of 373 third-trimester pregnant women were includedin the study using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire developed based on a qualitative elicitation study. And analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27. Multiple linear regression was employed, variables with a p-value of &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. The strength of the associations was estimated using beta coefficient and their 95% confidence interval. <bold>Result</bold>: The prevalence of the intention was found to be 35.6%. Direct attitude (β=0.286, p=0.012), direct subjective norm (β=0.182, p&lt;0.001), direct perceived behavioural control (β=0.504, p&lt;0.001), history of long-acting reversible contraceptive use (β=-1.765, p=0.029) and age of women (β=0.098, p=0.019) were significantly associated factors. <bold>Conclusion</bold>: Local health authorities should prioritise addressing beliefs behind the constructs through targeted social and behavioural change communication campaigns and capacity building of healthcare professionals to improve intention to use of these contraceptives. Non governmental organisations working in maternal and child health are encouraged todevelop culturally applicable educational materials targeting the beliefs identified and advocate benefits of using these methods.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
VALUATION OF IMPROVED IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY FROM AN EXHAUSTIBLE GROUNDWATER SOURCE<sup>1</sup>

ABSTRACT This paper presents estimates made via a recursive linear programming model of the net benefits of improving irrigation application efficiency from an exhaustible groundwater source. Net benefits were derived for different application efficiency levels under furrow, sprinkler, and LEPA irrigation systems. In addition, net benefit estimates were obtained for the transition across irrigation systems. Solutions from the model indicate that low crop prices have a differential impact on net benefits across irrigation application efficiencies and irrigation systems. Also, the more limited groundwater situations consistently reduce the economic incentive to adopt improved irrigation application techniques across all irrigation systems.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparing the Different Behavioral Outcomes of Extremism: A Comparison of Violent and Non-Violent Extremists, Acting Alone or as Part of a Group

Presented here is an exploratory study that compared four kinds of extremists (violent lone, nonviolent lone, violent group member, and nonviolent group member). Thematic analysis of 40 case studies identified five key themes and a number of subthemes that comprised a range of underlying variables. Comparisons of the four groups showed that in many ways violent and nonviolent extremists acting alone or as part of a group do not differ. However there were some variables that distinguished between groups. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for countering and preventing violent extremism.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Somatostatin in pancreatitis

In repiy to the comments of Doctors Smedley and Cahill 1 would like to stand by our original protocol.Ureteric injury following blunt trauma is very rare: there were only 23 confirmed cases by 1971'.Furthermore we believe that blunt trauma severe enough to cause ureteric injury would almost certainly be associated with abdominal signs provided the patient is conscious and has no severe head or spinal injury.In fact in Slater et al. ' it is stated that the classical picture of this kind of injury is tenderness and swelling in the loin.Under our protocol this would be an indication for intravenous pyelogram.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gender and Turnover: A Re-examination of the Impact of Sex on Intent and Actual Job Changes

Gender as a correlate of turnover has been inconclusive as a factor in understanding the development of a turnover decision. Yet, it is a decisive factor in the operation of key labor market processes which directly affect the entry and exit of labor to and from work organizations. Two possible conceptual and methodological explanations for this seemingly contradictory situation are proposed which distinguish "intent" from "actual turnover" and disaggregate male and female components of the "sex" variable. The lower and less consistent labor force participation rates of women in contrast to men led us to hypothesize that actual turnover behavior and intent to leave will be gender-specific, as well as influenced by differing sets of labor market and work environment factors. Three propositions testing these hypothesized relationships between gender and "intent" and "actual turnover" were examined. A representative sample of 506 textile workers located at 15 separate worksites was examined. A series of logistic models was devised which first began by clarifying the dual link between gender and both the intent to leave and actual turnover. Identical but separate logistic regression models were performed on men and women. This was followed by assessing if differing sets of biodemographic, perceived work environmental, and labor market variables explain differences for men and women in intent and/or actual turnover behavior. The results establish that women had greater rates of actual turnover than men, but no differences were found in the intent to leave. Both groups perceived their work environment similarly. The logistic analysis, however, confirmed that gender was a significant explanator of actual turnover but lot of intent. Contrasting alternative logistic models disclosed that different antecedent variables explained variations between men and women in both intent and turnover. These results help explain the inconsistent results linking gender to turnover, as well as emphasize that gender differences are crucial to understanding the development of a turnover decision. These results are then interpreted in light of the significance of gender to other forms of organizational behavior.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Snack and Relax®

Purpose and Design: Snack and Relax® (S&amp;R), a program providing healthy snacks and holistic relaxation modalities to hospital employees, was evaluated for immediate impact. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted to assess the professional quality of life (ProQOL) in registered nurses (RNs); compare S&amp;R participants/nonparticipants on compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS); and identify situations in which RNs experienced compassion fatigue or burnout and the strategies used to address these situations. Method: Pre- and post vital signs and self-reported stress were obtained from S&amp;R attendees ( N = 210). RNs completed the ProQOL Scale measuring CS, burnout, and STS ( N = 158). Findings: Significant decreases in self-reported stress, respirations, and heart rate were found immediately after S&amp;R. Low CS was noted in 28.5% of participants, 25.3% had high burnout, and 23.4% had high STS. S&amp;R participants and nonparticipants did not differ on any of the ProQOL scales. Situations in which participants experienced compassion fatigue/burnout were categorized as patient-related, work-related, and personal/family-related. Strategies to address these situations were holistic and stress reducing. Conclusion: Providing holistic interventions such as S&amp;R for nurses in the workplace may alleviate immediate feelings of stress and provide a moment of relaxation in the workday.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The early effects of intravenous L-propionyl carnitine on ulcerative trophic lesions of the lower limbs in arteriopathic patients: a controlled randomized study.

Large numbers of patients with severe peripheral arteriopathic disorders (Stage IV) present a characteristic clinical history of pain and ulcerative trophic lesions requiring either major or minor amputation. Recent studies have shown that L-propionyl-carnitine (LPC) can possibly moderate the tissue damage induced by ischaemia in peripheral arteriopathic disorders. In the present study 12 patients with severe obstructive chronic arteriopathy were treated either with 2 g of LPC (plus heparin and buflomedil) by slow infusion b.i.d, or by placebo plus heparin and buflomedil. In the LPC-treated patients, one lesion was completely healed (17%); two showed a > 50% decrease in the surface of the ulcerative lesion (34%) and three a reduction in such surface < 50% (50%). Control patients showed a reduction < 50% of the ulcerative lesions in two cases (34%), unaltered limits of the ulcer margin in three cases (50%) and worsening of such a lesion in one case. In addition, the LPC-treated patients showed a progressive reduction in the evening pain symptom as monitored by the fewer requested doses of the analgesic compound ketoprofen (77 vs 125 requests for administration in treated and control patients, respectively). The long-term effect of LPC treatment evaluated after three months showed that in treated patients only one minor (digital) amputation was performed, whereas in the control group two patients underwent minor (digital and foot) and one major (above knee) amputations. In conclusion, the results of the present preliminary study suggest that LPC administration can improve the healing of ulcerative lesions, can reduce the need for analgesic medication and can lessen the incidence of amputation.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antiviral activity of red fluorescent proteins in silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Silkworm is an important economic insect in the textile industry for the production of silk. During its larval period, it suffers from various types of diseases viz., fungal, viral, bacterial and protozoan which hamper its growth and development and negatively impact the raw silk production. To fight these pathogens, different types of proteins have been found in the silkworm larva. Among these proteins, red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) possess antiviral activity, found in the digestive juice of the midgut of silkworm larvae. These RFPs are found to be more effective against Bombyx mori L. nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), which is the causal agent of the most dreadful disease known as Grasserie. The RFP is synthesised in the presence of light after silkworms are fed on fresh mulberry leaves having absorbance peaks (280 and 605 nm) wave length.

Topic: Silkworms and Sericulture Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ectomycorrhizal trees rely on nitrogen resorption less than arbuscular mycorrhizal trees globally

Nitrogen (N) resorption is an important pathway of N conservation, contributing to a proportion of plant N requirement. However, whether the ratio of N resorption to N requirement would be affected by environmental factors, mycorrhizal types or atmospheric CO2 concentration remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on the impacts of environmental factors and mycorrhizal types on this ratio. We found this ratio in ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees decreased with mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), soil total N content (TN) and atmospheric CO2 concentration and was significantly lower than that in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. An in situ 15N tracing experiment further confirmed this stronger reliance on N resorption for AM trees than EM trees. Our study suggests that AM and EM trees potentially have different strategies for alleviation of progressive N limitation, highlighting the necessity of incorporating plant mycorrhizal types into Earth System Models.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pitch and Tempo Discrimination in Recorded Orchestral Music among Musicians and Nonmusicians

Pitch and tempo discriminations within a musical context were investigated. Two hundred musicians and two hundred nonmusicians heard ten excerpts of relatively familiar orchestral music. Excerpts were presented in pairs in order to test the ability of subjects to discriminate how an altered excerpt differed in pitch and/or tempo from its unaltered presentation. Pitch levels and tempi of the excerpts independently or in combination increased, decreased, or remained constant compared to unaltered versions. Consistent with previous research, subjects identified correctly the examples of decreased pitch levels significantly more than pitch increase examples. It is surprising, however, that tempo increase examples, rather than tempo decreases, were identified more accurately. Additional study regarding listener discrimination of the elements of music and related preferences appears advisable, since these conceivably influence music instruction as well as the performance of music.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Awareness of social welfare and rural development programmes by rural women in Andhra Pradesh

Women and children together constitute 65.6 percent of the country's population and account 673.80 million, as it was anticipated in 2001. After independence, the Government of India predominantly implemented welfare-oriented initiatives for women. Present study was conducted in Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh to know the awareness of rural women on women and child development and rural development programmes. A total of 40 women were selected through random sampling method. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule and analysed by using frequency, percentage, class interval and indices. It revealed that, most (77.50%) of the respondents belonged to young age group, majority (85.00%) of the respondents belonged to scheduled caste (SC) category, a little more than one third (35.00%) of the respondents had education level up to intermediate, majority of the women were married and belongs to small and nuclear families. Overall awareness index was 60.00, most (67.50%) of the respondents had medium level of awareness. The government should conduct awareness campaigns, programmes through local governance bodies to disseminate the information among rural areas.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Constitutionalization of the Civil State: The Self-Definition of Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen Following the Arab Uprisings

This paper offers a contextualized analysis of the way in which three Islamic constitutions—in Egypt (2014/2019), Tunisia (2014), and Yemen (2015)—came to a similar self-declaration of a “civil state” (dawla madaniyya), following the Arab uprisings. This self-expressive proclamation, which did not exist in their former constitutions, nor in any other constitution worldwide, is the product of the ongoing internal struggles of Muslim societies over the definition of their collectivity between conservatism and modernity, religiosity and secularism. In Egypt, the self-definition of a civil state enshrines the one-sided narrative of the June 2013 coup regime and the Armed Forces’ intrusive move into the field of state–religion relations; in Tunisia, the constitutionalization of the civil state reflects a settlement between Islamists and non-Islamists regarding the role of Islam in politics and legislation; in Yemen, it expresses an aspiration of detribalization and modernization within an Islamic model of statehood. The paper further seeks to trace the path of migration of this idea from one country to another, and the interconnectedness between the three cases, while pointing out possible implications on future constitution making in other Muslim countries.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Alkaline sucrose sedimentation analysis as an indicator of repair capability of xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts for 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide damage

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) damage to DNA and its repair in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblast stains were followed by sedimentation in an alkaline sucrose gradient. Two forms of analysis were employed. In the brief lysis technique, the cells were exposed to alkali for 30 min before centrifuging. In the long lysis technique, the cells were exposed to alkali overnight before centrifuging. The fibroblast cultures were derived from 6 normal individuals, 2 XP variants, 2 from complementation group C and 1 each from complementation groups A, B and E. by means of the brief lysis technique all of the fibroblasts were found to repair the 4NQO induced damage. By means of the long lysis technique the fibroblasts from normal individuals, from XP variants and from XP group E were found to repair the 4NQO induced damage. The fibroblasts from groups A, B and C showed no repair of the lesion. This latter result, on the repair capability of 4NQO damaged XP cells, correlates with the repair capability of XP cells shown by other methods. It suggest that if sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose is to be used to demonstrate the induction of chemically induced damage to DNA and its repair, both brief and long lysis periods should be employed.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Plasma-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide as a Platform for Immobilization of Water-Oxidation Catalysts

The discovery of new and versatile strategies for the immobilization of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is crucial for developing clean energy conversion devices [e.g., (photo)electrocatalytic cells for water splitting]. The traditional approach for surface attachment to transparent conductive oxides [e.g., fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)] is via synthetic modification of the ligand architecture to incorporate functional groups such as carboxylic acids (-COOH) or phosphonates (-PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) prior to immobilization. However, challenges arising from desorption and the cumbersome derivatizations steps have limited the scope and applications of surface-bound WOCs. Herein, we report the successful immobilization of underivatized Ru(II)-based WOCs (<b>Ru-Cat1</b> = [Ru(tpy) (bpy) (H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>2+</sup> (tpy = 2,2':6'2″-terpyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and <b>Ru-Cat2</b> = [Ru(Mebimpy) (bpy) (H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>2+</sup> (Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine)) and the Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore <b>Ru-C3</b> = [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> onto a FTO plasma-grafted poly(acrylic acid) surface (PAA|FTO). Various characterization techniques such as attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurements provide evidence for the plasma-induced grafted PAA|FTO film and immobilization. Surface stability and electrocatalytic properties of these new hybrid composite films upon cycling were investigated at different pH values. Immobilized <b>Ru-Cat1</b> and <b>Ru-Cat2</b> onto PAA|FTO displayed pH-dependent (Ru<sup>III</sup>/Ru<sup>II</sup>) couples and onset potentials indicative of PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reactions. Based on cyclic voltammetry results and spectroscopic monitoring, the immobilized WOCs <b>Ru-Cat1</b> and <b>Ru-Cat2</b> exhibited a higher surface stability in neutral aqueous solutions relative to <b>Ru-C3</b> upon electrochemical oxidation. We attribute the surface PCET and stability to the presence of a water ligand in the coordination sphere of immobilized <b>Ru-Cat1</b> and <b>Ru-Cat2</b> which can H-bond with negatively charged carboxylate groups of the cross-linked PAA brushes. Our findings demonstrate that the plasma-grafted polymeric network onto FTO offers a versatile platform to directly anchor unmodified homogeneous WOCs or chromophores for potential applications in solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences