jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The efficiency of run rules schemes for the multivariate coefficient of variation: a Markov chain approach

Control charts are one of the important tools to monitor quality. The coefficient of variation (CV) is a common measure of dispersion in many real-life applications. Recently, CV control charts are proposed to monitor processes which do not have a constant mean and a standard deviation which changes with the mean. These processes cannot be monitored by standard control charts which monitor the mean and/or standard deviation. This research proposes the monitoring of the multivariate coefficient of variation (MCV) by means of run rules (RR MCV) control charts, which is not available in the existing literature. The design of these charts is obtained using a Markov-chain approach. The proposed charts are simple to implement. The performance of the RR MCV and Shewhart MCV (SH MCV) charts are compared in terms of the average run length (ARL) and the expected average run length (EARL). An example is illustrated based on a real dataset. The findings revealed that the performance of the proposed charts surpasses the SH MCV chart for detecting small and moderate MCV shifts.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of distributed oxygen addition and product removal in the oxidative coupling of methane

Abstract Modeling and optimization of C 2 hydrocarbon production via the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were studied. The model includes both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Focusing on the use of detailed reaction networks, previously validated experimentally, and the critical role of oxygen in both methane activation and product degradation, this work systematically explores the use of controlled oxygen addition and product removal schemes that improve OCM performance. Based on a plug flow reactor that is divided into N p stages, within which oxygen is added and/or products are removed, a rigorous optimization algorithm is developed that simultaneously maximizes C 2 yields and minimizes O 2 consumption. In the absence of catalyst and product removal, the C 2 yield is maximized at a fixed O 2 /CH 4 ratio, but this maximum yield is independent of the form in which the oxygen is added (cofeed or staged). When a catalyst is added, the optimal C 2 yields show only gradual improvements with oxygen distribution because the benefits of the lower oxygen reaction order on the catalyst are adversely affected by concomitant surface degradation reactions. The largest yield improvements are obtained when the C 2 hydrocarbons are removed at each stage before they undergo oxidation reactions. Thus, when staged oxygen addition is combined with product removal in the presence of a catalyst, C 2 yields as high as 87% are achieved in about 20 stages. Such yield values are consistent with experiments in which continuous product separation schemes have been used.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Factors Associated With Longer Time to Treatment for Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background— Rapid treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is important; causes of delay in emergency medical services care of ACS are poorly understood. Methods and Results— We performed an analysis of data from IMMEDIATE (Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement during Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care), a randomized controlled trial of emergency medical services treatment of people with symptoms suggesting ACS, using hierarchical multiple regression of elapsed time. Out-of-hospital ECGs were performed on 54 230 adults calling 9-1-1; 871 had presumed ACS, 303 of whom had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Women, participants with diabetes mellitus, and participants without previous cardiovascular disease waited longer to call 9-1-1 (by 28 minutes, P &lt;0.01; 10 minutes, P =0.03; and 6 minutes, P =0.02, respectively), compared with their counterparts. Time from emergency medical services arrival to ECG was longer for women (1.5 minutes; P &lt;0.01), older individuals (1.3 minutes; P &lt;0.01), and those without a primary complaint of chest pain (3.5 minutes; P &lt;0.01). On-scene times were longer for women (2 minutes; P &lt;0.01) and older individuals (2 minutes; P &lt;0.01). Older individuals and participants presenting on weekends and nights had longer door-to-balloon times (by 10, 14, and 11 minutes, respectively; P &lt;0.01). Women and older individuals had longer total times (medical contact to balloon inflation: 16 minutes, P =0.01, and 9 minutes, P &lt;0.01, respectively; symptom onset to balloon inflation: 31.5 minutes for women; P =0.02). Conclusions— We found delays throughout ACS care, resulting in substantial differences in total times for women and older individuals. These delays may impact outcomes; a comprehensive approach to reduce delay is needed.

Topic: Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bandwidth enhancement of 4×4 subarrays circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna by sequential feeding network

This Paper presents a 4×4 subarray dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with capability of circular polarization for millimeter wave applications. By the 4×4 subarray DRA proposed, the bandwidth of circular polarization (CP) and gain of the DRA has been increased as compared with primary 2×2 subarray DRA. The basic antenna consists of an aperture coupled DRA. In addition, in order to obtain CP bandwidth, an X-shaped slot is etched off the ground plane. The elements are arranged in a 4×4 subarray structure and also are excited sequentially in a parallel feeding.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS FOR STOCK PRICE PREDICTION

This research investigates the effectiveness of five advanced deep learning models—LSTM, Bi-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, GRU, and CNN-GRU—in forecasting stock prices. By leveraging historical stock data from Yahoo Finance, we implement and evaluate each model based on prediction accuracy, RMSE, MSE, and R². The study includes detailed preprocessing steps, model architecture explanations, hyperparameter tuning, visual performance comparisons, and result analysis. The RMSE for all the introduced models was measured by varying the number of epochs, Our findings show that while all models offer valuable predictive power, hybrid architectures such as CNN-GRU outperform others in terms of accuracy and generalization. This comprehensive evaluation can guide future research and practical deployment of deep learning techniques in financial forecasting.

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Usage of radiopaque contrast media in the foot and ankle.

The author presents a wide variety of uses of radiopaque contrast media in the foot and ankle. Dye studies can aid the physician in diagnosing pathology of the soft tissues and joints without surgical intervention. The results of these tests aid in determining the course of treatment.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Equilibrium strategies of sharing CSR in a supply chain with manufacturer encroachment

Purpose Motivated by the real-world practice of the thriving e-commerce, manufacturers are transcending traditional boundaries of merely producing and selling directly by implementing encroachment. Concurrently, supply chain (SC) members who overlook the corporate social responsibility (CSR) sharing will be left behind, which is closely linked to their profits. This paper aims to investigate a better way to share CSR under the scenarios of manufacturer encroachment and no-encroachment. Design/methodology/approach This paper constructs game-theoretic models in a SC consisting of a manufacturer (M) and a retailer (R), where the manufacturer can sell products by retailing, and may sell directly by implicating encroachment. The manufacturer and retailer jointly consider whether to share CSR and the proportion of it by taking consumer surplus into account. Furthermore, equilibriums for each model are derived using backward induction. Then, the authors analyse the impact of CSR sharing proportion and compare the equilibrium outcomes under different scenarios. Finally, the numerical analyses are presented to verify the results. Findings Several interesting results are found in this paper. First, the retailer shares more CSR can benefit SC members and social welfare when the manufacturer does not implement encroachment. However, the results may change which is decided by the unit cost of encroachment when the manufacturer does so. Second, the proportion of CSR shared by manufacturer and the unit cost of encroachment has an interactive impact on equilibrium outcomes. Finally, both manufacturer encroachment and SC members share CSR may be the best for the perspective of SC members and consumers. Practical implications Based on the analytical results, this paper provides novel managerial implications to assist manufacturer and retailer in determining the optimal strategies for CSR sharing and encroachment. Furthermore, the appropriate proportion of CSR shared by manufacturer and the unit cost of encroachment may let manufacturer, retailer and consumer surplus achieve a win-win-win situation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to explore the strategy of CSR sharing under the scenarios of manufacturer encroachment and no-encroachment.

Topic: Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A method of determining hydrogen in aluminum by removing surface gases with ion beam etching

A method of determining gases after ion beam etching on aluminum surface has been tried to improve the present lower limit of determining hydrogen in aluminum. The present lower limit of determining internal hydrogen is 0.05 cm3/100 g Al STP. To improve the present lower limit, it is necessary to remove surface gases on aluminum. Carbon compounds and oxide film on aluminum were removed by neon ion beam etching on the dose of 2.8×1017 ions/cm2 or more. On the etched surface, no carbon and oxygen were observed using Auger electron spectroscopy. Determined hydrogen was 0.0055 cm3/100 g Al, about one-tenth of the lower limit by the traditional method.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ternary Complex Formation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env, CD4, and Chemokine Receptor Captured as an Intermediate of Membrane Fusion

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env-induced fusion is highly temperature dependent. When effector and target cells were coincubated at 37°C, there was a kinetic delay before fusion commenced. When effector and target cells were coincubated for varied times at 23°C, a temperature that does not permit fusion, a temperature-arrested stage was created. Raising temperature to 37°C from the 23°C intermediate eliminated the kinetic delay. Inhibitors (T22, AMD3100, and Sch-C) that block fusion by binding chemokine receptors were added after creating the intermediate so as to assess the extent of engagement between gp120 and chemokine receptors at that stage. For both CXCR4 and CCR5 as coreceptors, increasingly long times of coincubation at 23°C reduced the efficacy of the coreceptor-binding inhibitors in blocking fusion. This implies that an increasing number of ternary Env/CD4/coreceptor complexes form over time at 23°C. It also shows that ternary complex formation has a lower temperature threshold than the downstream steps that include Env folding into a six-helix bundle; this provides an experimental means to separate coreceptor binding by gp120 from the subsequent refolding of gp41 into a six-helix bundle structure. As the time of cell coincubation at 23°C was prolonged, more cells quickly fused upon the raising of the temperature to 37°C, and the increase quantitatively correlated with the greater percentage of fusion that was resistant to drugs. Therefore the pronounced kinetic delay in HIV Env-induced fusion is caused predominantly by the time needed for ternary complexes to form.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Esophageal adenocarcinoma and obesity: peritumoral adipose tissue plays a role in lymph node invasion

Obesity is associated with cancer risk in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Adipose tissue directly stimulates tumor progression independently from body mass index (BMI), but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of peritumoral and distal adipose tissue of 60 patients with EAC, to investigate whether depot-specific differences affect tumor behavior. We observed that increased adipocyte size (a hallmark of obesity) was directly associated with leptin expression, angiogenesis (CD31) and lymphangiogenesis (podoplanin); however, these parameters were associated with nodal metastasis only in peritumoral but not distal adipose tissue of patients. We treated OE33 cells with conditioned media (CM) collected from cultured biopsies of adipose tissue and we observed increased mRNA levels of leptin and adiponectin receptors, as well as two key regulator genes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin. This effect was greater in cells treated with CM from peritumoral adipose tissue of patients with nodal metastasis and was partially blunted by a leptin antagonist. Therefore, peritumoral adipose tissue may exert a direct effect on the progression of EAC by secreting depot-specific paracrine factors, and leptin is a key player in this crosstalk.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data Reconstruction of Faulty Sensors for the Nuclear Power Plants Control System: A Strong Tracking Filter Approach

Abstract As an indispensable component of the control system, the sensor usually works in high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration and other failure-prone environment. The complex, changeable, and high intensity working environment makes the sensors work unstable, which eventually leads to the sensor fault. Once the sensor fault occurs, the output signal will deviate from the normal value, which seriously decreases the accuracy, stability and reliability of the control system. To solve this problem, the researchers tried to locate the faulty sensors and recover the missing data by the expertise, which results in low accuracy and long-time consuming. In this paper, a novel data reconstruction method for padding the missing data of the faulty sensor is proposed. Based on the extensive redundancy and complementarity of the information obtained from various types of sensors, the data reconstruction of the target sensor is realized by combining the thermal system model with the strong tracking filter algorithm. Simulation data of the single pressure condenser system show that, under different sensor fault modes, the reconstruction accuracy deviation of the signal reconstructed by the algorithm is less than 5% compared with the normal signal. The application of the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the safety and reliability of the control system.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modulation of vestibular-evoked reflexes and oculomotor function when standing under height-induced states of fear, anxiety and arousal

As an important source of information for postural control, the Vestibular System may contribute to anxiety-related effects on balance control during stance and gait, particularly through increases in the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) gain. While vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain has been associated with chronic anxiety, it is unclear if VOR and VSR gains are also sensitive to acute threat-related changes in fear, anxiety and arousal. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) and Head Impulse Tests (HIT) can be used to test the gain of VSR and VOR pathways. Having subjects stand at the edge of an elevated platform can be used to threaten standing balance and induce arousal, anxiety and fear related to falling; known as a height-induced postural threat. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate how postural threat-related changes in arousal, anxiety and fear influence VEMP and HIT outcomes. Since the VOR depends also on visual pathways receiving signals relating to visual field motion and eye movements, a second study was designed to examine the independent effect of postural threat on oculomotor function using eye saccades, smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus. For the first time, VEMPs were simultaneously recorded while standing from different muscles representing the three distinct vestibular reflexes. Likewise, this thesis is the first to investigate functional VOR and oculomotor outcomes with changes in state anxiety. The results from both studies provide robust evidence for increased VSR and VOR gain with acute negative emotional states. Furthermore, the observed increased gain of oculomotor function suggests that part of the VOR modulation occurs in neural centres not related to the vestibular system. These observations not only shed a light on how the VOR and gaze control are affected by state anxiety, fear and arousal, confirming previous reports on the VSR, but have also shown how emotions could alter the outcomes of clinical tests commonly used for assessing the vestibular and oculomotor function.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD ICH-ICE #928785.1

High-frequency Magnetic Probe to measure high-frequency waves, e.g. waves excited by ICRF antennas or waves excited by high-energy particles. Probe head is one-turn loop with Faraday shield. Two loops are paired with different turn direction. Frequency range: approximately 10 kHz - 1 GHz. Loop size: 15 cm x 15 cm.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Na+/H+ antiporter gene, sod2, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, tolerance to high sodium and lithium concentrations requires the functioning of the sod2, Na+/H+ antiporter. We have directly measured the activity of this antiporter and demonstrated reconstitution of the activity in gene deletion strains. In addition, we have shown that it can be transferred to, and its antiporter activity detected in, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it also confers sodium and lithium tolerance. Proton flux through the S. pombe Na+/H+ antiporter was directly measured using microphysiometry. The direction of transmembrane proton flux mediated by this antiporter was reversible, with protons being imported or exported in response to the external concentration of sodium. This bidirectional activity was also detected in S. cerevisiae strains expressing sod2 and expression of this gene complemented the sodium and lithium sensitivity resulting from inactivation of the ENA1/PMR2 encoded Na+-exporting ATPases. This suggests that antiporters or sodium pumps can be utilized interchangeably by S. cerevisiae to regulate internal sodium concentration. Potent inhibitors of mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers were found to have no effect on sod2 activity. The proton flux mediated by sod2 was also found to be unaffected by perturbation of membrane potential or the plasma membrane proton gradient.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications of dynamic trees to sensitivity analysis

A recent approach to surrogate modelling, called dynamic trees, uses regression trees to partition the input space, and fits simple constant or linear models in each “leaf” (region of the input space). This article aims to investigate the applicability of dynamic trees in sensitivity analysis, in particular on high dimensional problems at low sample size, to see whether they can be applied to dimensionalities usually out of the range of surrogate models. Comparisons are made with Gaussian processes, as well as three measures based on a radial sampling scheme: the Monte Carlo estimator of the total sensitivity index, an elementary effects measure, and a derivative-based sensitivity measure. The results show that the radial sampling measures generally outperform the surrogate models tested here, with the exception of response surfaces that feature discontinuities.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chlorthalidone for Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and poorly controlled hypertension, chlorthalidone therapy improved blood-pressure control at 12 weeks as compared with placebo. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Indiana Institute of Medical Research; CLICK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02841280.).

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiport MEMS-based waveguide and coaxial switches

In this paper, a new concept of three-dimensional (3-D) multiport RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches is introduced. The proposed structures are based on integrated MEMS actuators inside 3-D waveguide and coaxial structures. These switches are well suited for high-power redundancy switch matrices for satellite communication, as well as millimeter-wave applications. To demonstrate the concept, a C-type waveguide switch is fabricated and tested. The use of a unique bi-layer curled electrostatic actuators, results in a very good RF performance with an isolation of 36-40 dB and a return loss of -20dB over a 7% bandwidth at satellite Ku-band. This paper also presents for the first time a new type of MEMS-based coaxial switch, which can offer a much larger bandwidth with miniaturized dimensions. To prove the concept, prototype units of single-pole single-throw and C-type switches are designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results demonstrate a bandwidth of 65% for the C-type MEMS-based coaxial switch.

Topic: Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences