jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
‘What a lying slut’: the (re)production of rape myths in online misogyny towards women disclosing their experiences of rape through the #MeToo movement

Online misogyny is a form of online abuse against women and girls which is rooted in a hatred and mistrust of women which seeks to silence them and reinforce gender inequalities. This study extends existing research in this area by examining online misogyny within the context of the #MeToo movement. The #MeToo movement created a safe space for women to share their experiences of sexual violence, and while this promoted solidarity, support and healing, there was also an abusive backlash towards the women involved. Based on a thematic analysis of abusive YouTube comments directed at women sharing their experiences of rape, it was found that 69 per cent of abusive comments were characterised by one or more of the seven rape myths: she asked for it, it wasn’t really rape, he didn’t mean to, she wanted it, she lied, rape is a trivial event, and rape is a deviant event. This article discusses each rape myth and demonstrates how rape myths are (re)produced in online misogyny towards victims/survivors of rape and concludes by arguing this response attempts to discredit victims/survivors, the #MeToo movement and disrupt the safe space the movement created to derail the collective conversation about men’s violence against women and girls.

Topic: Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Primary viewpoint on development and prospect of prosthodontics in China].

时光飞逝,中华口腔医学会口腔修复学专业委员会自成立以来已经走过了十个年头.伴随着全国口腔医学事业的蓬勃发展,口腔修复学专业也经历了一个运用新理念、新技术,全方位向国际先进水平学习的重要发展时期。

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimation of LCAT and Some Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kirkuk, Iraq

This study is the first to be conducted in Kirkuk City in terms of linking antioxidant parameters with the LCAT enzyme in type 2 diabetes patients. Oxidative stress has received a lot of attention in the field of human health, notably because of its link to diabetes. Oxidative stress is a state in which there is an imbalance between the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the body's antioxidant defense system to neutralize them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of LCAT and various biochemical parameters that were deemed oxidative stress indicators in patients with type II diabetes compared with normal healthy controls in Kirkuk City - Iraq. This study comprised 184 individuals (128 Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients and 56 healthy controls) ranging in age from 40 to 80 years old for both patients and controls. This study was divided into two groups of T2DM patients based on their HbA1c levels, which allude to the patient's diabetes control. The first group (G1) (70 instances) included patients whose HbA1c level was higher than 7% (poorly controlled or uncontrolled) and The second group (G2) contained individuals with HbA1c levels less than 7%, which included 58 instances compared to 56 healthy controls (G3). There was a significant decrease in PON1, LCAT, and NO in DM patients (G1, G2) compared with control groups (G3) (P-Value = 0.01). As well as Glutathione peroxidase and Melatonin significantly decreased in DM patients (G1, G2) compared with control groups (P-Value = 0.02, 0.03 respectively). While MDA was significantly increased in DM patients (G1, G2) when compared with the control group (P-Value 0.011).

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bearing fault diagnosis using wavelet analysis

The development of real-time fault detection and identification systems will allow a migration from expensive scheduled based maintenance to the more efficient, less costly alternatives of condition based maintenance. This paper presents a detailed analysis of different methods using wavelet analysis in the diagnosis of faults in rotating machinery from its mechanical vibrations. More specifically, the discrete wavelet transform and the discrete wavelet packet transform will be discussed, as well as the choice of the mother wavelet and the different features that can be extracted from such transforms.

Topic: Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alliance Management Capability: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement

This research conceptualizes and operationalizes alliance management capability. The authors develop alliance management capability as a second-order construct to capture the degree to which organizations possess relevant management routines that enable them to effectively manage their portfolio of strategic alliances. In addition to identifying and measuring specific organizational routines as critical dimensions of alliance management capability, the authors advance knowledge on the performance effects of dedicated alliance structures and alliance experience based on survey data from 204 firms. Their primary contribution is a theoretically sound alliance management capability measure that is reflected by five underlying routines: interorganizational coordination, alliance portfolio coordination, interorganizational learning, alliance proactiveness, and alliance transformation. One of the key findings is that alliance management capability has a positive impact on alliance portfolio performance and mediates the performance effects of dedicated alliance structures and alliance experience.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of Acute Hospital Services and Mortality Among Religious and Non-Religious Copers with Medical Illness

ABSTRACT Religious coping was examined in a sample of 1011 men acutely hospitalized with medical illness (84% over age 65). Two groups of men were identified: (1) those who relied heavily upon religious beliefs and behaviors to cope with their illness (10%) and (2) those who found religion of little or no help in this regard (16%). These two groups were then followed prospectively for a mean period of 14 months (range 0 to 32 months). Data on hospitalization and survival were collected. There were no differences in length of hospitalization, frequency of hospitalization, or survival between the two groups. We conclude that short-term follow-up of hospitalized men found no differences in health-care service use or mortality between religious and non-religious copers. Whether or not the positive relationships between mental health, social support, avoidance of alcohol, and religious coping translate into lower healthcare utilization or longer survival among the medically ill requires further study.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Insecticidal Activity of Phosphoramidothioates and Bioactivation of Their Oxon Homologs

数種の O-ethyl O-(S)-置換 phenyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate とそれらの oxon 同族体を合成し, thioate 同族体のアズキゾウムシおよびイエバエに対する殺虫活性と, oxon 同族体のアセチルコリンエステラーゼ (AChE) 阻害活性を調べた. 殺虫活性は, phenyl 環の置換基の種類, 置換位置, さらに昆虫種により相違が見られた. AChE阻害活性は, ニトロおよびシアノ基のオルト置換体以外の oxon 同族体では非常に弱く, ミクロゾーム-NADPH系での反応によりAChE阻害活性が高まった. 活性化の程度は isofenphos-oxon が最も高く, 一方, ニトロおよびシアノ基のオルト置換体では低かった. また, ニトロ基およびシアノ基を持つ oxon 体のAChE阻害活性は, 置換位置によって違いが認められたが, 対応する thioate の殺虫活性は置換位置の影響はなく, 殺虫活性と活性化反応後におけるAChE阻害活性との間の相関は明確でなかった.

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1490681: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production yields of 𝛽<sup>+</sup> emitters for range verification in proton therapy

In-vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions from β + emitters induced by the proton beam on the most abundant elements in the human body, right after (looking at the long-lived β + emitters 11 C, 13 N and 15 O) or during (looking at the short-lived β + emitters 29 P, 12 N, 38 m K and 10 C) the irradiation. The accuracy of the estimated activity distributions is basically that of the underlying cross section data. In this context, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the production yields of β + emitters of interest in proton therapy. In order to measure the long-lived β + isotopes, a new method has been developed combining the multi-foil technique with the measurement of the induced activity with a clinical PET scanner. This technique has been tested successfully below 18 MeV at CNA (Spain) and will be used at a clinical beam to obtain data up to 230 MeV. However, such method does not allow measuring the production short-lived isotopes (lower half-life). For this, the proposed method combines a series of targets sandwiched between aluminum foils (acting as both degraders and converters) placed between two LaBr 3 detectors that will measure the pairs of 511 keV γ -rays. The first tests will take place at the AGOR facility at KVI-CART, in Groningen.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating the Invisible Sufferings: A Qualitative Investigation of Structural Violence in Karak District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Violence is a universal phenomenon and can be found in many societies across the globe. Based on nature and intensity, the factors may be cultural, psychological, and economic. Among all these, an important factor could be invisible sufferings that are rooted in the structure of a society. This study aims to explore the role of structural violence in boosting collective violence in District Karak, a region marked by a higher educational ratio but episodic communal unrest. The researchers conducted an in-depth analysis using a qualitative research design that employed an intrinsic case study approach. A diverse group of 25 participants selected through purposive and convenient sampling. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect primary data from five lawyers, five social activists, five heads of households, five Maliks, and five members of the dispute resolution council. A thematic analysis method was used to derive themes from the collected data, such as weak accusations, business deals, honor violations, rent killings, mistrust of the legal system, customary grievances, and attacks against police, which are found to be the basic elements of violence in the region. The study findings contribute to the broader discourse about the understanding of violence by exploring psychological, cultural, and structural factors that perpetuate collective aggression in District Karak.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Use of the Behavior Problem Checklist with Greek Deaf Children in Cross-Cultural Research

The Behavior Problem Checklist was completed by teachers of 127 students who attended a state supported school for the deaf in Athens, Greece. Analyses were performed which generated three, four, five, and ten factors. The biographic variables of sex and age were also included in some of the analyses to determine their effect, if any, on the factor structure. Results of the analyses were compared to analogous results for U.S. deaf children and Greek hearing children. Three factors which correspond to dimensions found in earlier research and previously labeled conduct problem, personality problem, and inadequacy-immaturity were found. Overall the Greek deaf children tended to have problem behavior patterns similar to the U.S. deaf and Greek hearing as well as other populations. It was apparent that these patterns for the Greek deaf children were largely independent of the deafness handicap and differences in cultural background. La liste de contrôle relative aux problèmes de comportement a été complétée par des professeurs de 127 élèves d'une école publique pour sourds à Athènes (Grèce). Les analyses qui ont été faites ont créé trois, quatre, cinq et dix facteurs. Les variables biographiques de sexe et d'âge ont aussi été comprises dans certaines analyses afin de déterminer leur effet, s'il y en avait, sur le facteur structure. Les résultats des analyses ont été comparés à des résultats analogues obtenus pour des enfants sourds aux Etats-Unis et pour des enfants grecs non sourds. On a découvert trois facteurs correspondant à des dimensions trouvées dans des recherches antérieures et préalablement appelés problèmes de comportement, de personnalité et d'immaturité. En général, les enfants grecs sourds ont tendance à avoir des problèmes de comportement semblables à ceux d'enfants américains sourds et à ceux d'enfants grecs non sourds aussi bien qu'à ceux d'autres populations. Il est apparu clairement que le comportement des enfants grecs sourds était en grande partie indépendant du handicap de surdité et des différences culturelles.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
PS 02-17 IS GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS RELATED IN NON-DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS?

Objective: To analyze the relationship between glycated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) levels and subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), presence of carotid plaque (CP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients without diabetes. Design and Method: From January 2011 through December 2012, carotid IMT and CP presence were evaluated in 214 non-diabetes patients (118 male, 96 female) with measurement of HbA1c, ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial/femoral and heart to femoral PWV. HbA1c level was categorized into 3 groups (< 5.5%, 5.5% to 5.9%, and 6.0% to 6.4%). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between three groups except age. There were no significant linear trends between groups either in PWV and carotid IMT measurement; however, the presence of CP showed significant linear trend (P for trend = 0.004). Odd ratios (ORs) of univariate model for presence of CP was 2.36 and 3.6 in the middle (5.5 ≤ HbA1c < 6.0) and highest HbA1c (6.0 ≤ HbA1c < 6.5) group compared with the lowest group (HbA1c < 5.5%) (p = 0.018 and p = 0.009, respectively). Sub-analysis of 115 non-diabetic patients (57 male, 58 female) with hypertension showed poor agreement in linear increase of carotid IMT, PWV measurements and plaque presence according to the elevation of HbA1c level which the result might have been influenced by other factors. Conclusions: Carotid IMT and PWV in non-diabetic individuals had poor correlation with HbA1c level; however, there was a significant linear relation between three groups in presence of CP.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metabolism of substrates: energy substrate metabolism during exercise and as modified by training.

The question of what is the source of fuel for oxidation by muscle during exercise has been addressed. A review of experiments spanning more than 60 years supports the concept that the major energy source for the metabolism of exercise is the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates. The relative contribution of these major substrates to the total body metabolism depends on factors such as the intensity and duration of the exercise, the diet consumed on the days before the exercise, and the state of physical training. With light prolonged exercise there is a progressively greater use of fat until it can contribute up to 80% of the total caloric expenditure. However, the relative contribution of fat to the metabolism is less and that of carbohydrate greater as exercise intensity increases. Consumption of a diet rich in fat and protein produces a shift toward a greater use of fat with a concomitant reduction of both the intensity and duration of effort that can be sustained. Conversely, ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich diet increases the percentage of carbohydrate used and increases endurance. The concentration of glycogen in muscle is reduced by fat-protein diets and elevated by carbohydrate-rich diets. Endurance training results in a shift of the metabolism toward a greater use of fat during the same absolute and relative exercise loads. This produces a glycogen sparing that is associated with improving endurance capacity.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tourism education: policy versus practice

Abstract Discusses the current human resources environment in tourism at a strategic policy level, especially in the area of management level education. Describes a framework which is being used to study consultation between the makers of tourism and education policy at a national level. The framework advocates the development and implementation of a specific tourism education policy, to bring tourism education closer in line with national tourism policies. Concludes by outlining further research strategies.

Topic: Hospitality and Tourism Education
Subfield: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Review of Döpke (1992): One parent one language: An interactional approach &amp; Gass &amp; Selinker (1992): Language transfer in language learning

Preview this article: Susanne Döpke. One parent one language: An interactional approach, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.19.1.16tur-1.gif

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Tradeoffs in concentration sensing in dynamic environments

When cells measure concentrations of chemical signals, they may average multiple measurements over time in order to reduce noise in their measurements. However, when cells are in a environment that changes over time, past measurements may not reflect current conditions - creating a new source of error that trades off against noise in chemical sensing. What statistics in the cell's environment control this tradeoff? What properties of the environment make it variable enough that this tradeoff is relevant? We model a single eukaryotic cell sensing a chemical secreted from bacteria (e.g. folic acid). In this case, the environment changes because the bacteria swim - leading to changes in the true concentration at the cell. We develop analytical calculations and stochastic simulations of sensing in this environment. We find that cells can have a huge variety of optimal sensing strategies, ranging from not time averaging at all, to averaging over an arbitrarily long time, or having a finite optimal averaging time. The factors that primarily control the ideal averaging are the ratio of sensing noise to environmental variation, and the ratio of timescales of sensing to the timescale of environmental variation. Sensing noise depends on the receptor-ligand kinetics, while the environmental variation depends on the density of bacteria and the degradation and diffusion properties of the secreted chemoattractant. Our results suggest that fluctuating environmental concentrations may be a relevant source of noise even in a relatively static environment.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multicentric Evaluation of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Typhoidal Salmonella

Abstract Introduction: In India, typhoid or enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi (A, B, and C) is a major public health problem. The causative agents are spread by contaminated food and water. Over the past few years, a steady rise in the number of cases of enteric fever has been observed, making India, a country with the highest burden, globally. An early and accurate diagnosis of enteric fever is essential to differentiate it from other causes of tropical fever. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal salmonella is also a priority. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to ascertain antimicrobial-resistant profile of typhoidal Salmonella isolated at tertiary care hospital of western India over the past 1 year. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care teaching hospitals of Delhi Cantonment region (Hospital A, the primary study center and Hospital B, the secondary study center) following approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Microbiological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing data, specific to Salmonella isolates, were retrieved for the blood culture samples submitted between June 2023 and May 2024 from individuals presenting with undiagnosed fever. The corresponding hematological and biochemical profile of patients with blood culture-confirmed diagnosis of enteric fever was retrieved and tabulated. Results: Overall, 108 and 91 Salmonella isolates were recovered from hospital A and B, respectively, during the study period. The ratio of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolation rate was 3:1. Sensitivity to cotrimoxazole, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, third/fourth generation cephalosporins, azithromycin, and carbapenem was fairly preserved (range; 93%–100%). The data showed 74% and 89% of all Salmonella isolates from hospital A and B, respectively, were resistant to quinolones. Conclusion: The study indicated preserved sensitivity to macrolides, cotrimoxazole, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, third and fourth-generation cephalosporins in S . Typhi and S . Paratyphi A. Anti-typhoid vaccination drive, improvement in sanitation practices and provision of safe water is essential to halt the spread of enteric fever in community.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences