jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Endoscopic Screening in Colorectal Cancer Risk Models

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer risk models routinely adjust for endoscopic screening because of (i) possible confounding with other risk factors and (ii) possible alteration of the natural history of the disease due to adenoma detection and removal. Methods: In this study, we defined a subject as screen-covered (SC) if a colonoscopy was performed in the past 10 years and not screen-covered (NSC) otherwise. We created colorectal cancer risk models separately for SC and NSC subjects (HRSC, HRNSC) and then obtained a screening-coverage adjusted HR estimate (HRfull) based on a weighted average of ln(HRSC) and ln(HRNSC), with weight equal to the proportion of SC person-time in the Nurses' Healh Study (NHS) population. We illustrate these methods on 45,538 participants of the NHS, for whom we have updated endoscopy data from 1986 to 2014. Results: The adjustment effects of screening were small for most risk factors, but the HR for age became stronger after adjustment [HRunadjusted = 1.59 (1.48, 1.71); HRfull = 1.81 (1.67, 1.97)], whereas the HR for current menopausal hormone therapy became weaker [HRunadjusted Estrogen only (E) = 0.62 (0.54, 0.73); HRfull E = 0.72 (0.60, 0.87)]. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a novel approach to control for the confounding effect of screening in colorectal cancer risk models. Impact: Improved methods to address the impact of screening in colorectal cancer risk models reduce bias in the estimation of associations with other risk factors. Additional applications and evaluation of this method in other populations would support the utility of this approach.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Title</i>: Essentials of Classroom Teaching: Elementary Social Studies<i>Author</i>: Thomas N. Turner<i>Publisher</i>: Allyn and Bacon<i>Date of Publication</i>: 1994<i>Price</i>: $13 (paper)

(1994). Title: Essentials of Classroom Teaching: Elementary Social Studies Author: Thomas N. Turner Publisher: Allyn and Bacon Date of Publication: 1994 Price: $13 (paper) The Social Studies: Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 237-237.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple on-off solenoid valve control for a launch vehicle propellant tank pressurization system

Pressure control inside the propellant tanks of a pump-fed space launch vehicle is almost always a flight-critical task. Pressures are commonly controlled by admitting helium from high pressure reservoirs into the propellant tank free volumes, or ullages. Controlled pressures must often satisfy the competing needs of engine net positive suction head, flight dynamic pressures, tank structural stability, and tank Maximum Expected Operating Pressure (MEOP). Helium flows are usually governed by either regulators, proportional valves, or on-off solenoid valves implementing relay logic leading to control limit cycles. A new control scheme using on-off solenoid valves to approximate the performance of a proportional flow control valve has been synthesized for both stages of a space launch vehicle. This control system uses the same valves required by a competing limit cycle system but significantly improves system robustness in the face of system uncertainties, including initial engine outflo,w rates, ullage volumes, and helium-to-propellant heat transfer rates. Simulations indicate ullage pressures can be maintained within a 5 psi band at all times, despite the slow.25 Hz data communication rate assumed for this vehicle. Further, the control logic provides a simple way to incorporate additional feedback signals such as engine pressure into the control loop to further improve tracking accuracy.

Topic: Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Naturalised species of <i>Agave</i> L. (Agavaceae) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

Agave americana L. var. americana and A. sisalana Perrine are here listed and described as exotic alien plants that have become naturalised in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. A key is provided to assist with the identification of the two species.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
“Choirochorographia, sive hoglandiæ descriptio”

“Choirochorographia, sive hoglandiæ descriptio” Get access R. H. S. R. H. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-X, Issue 259, 14 December 1878, Page 477, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-X.259.477b Published: 14 December 1878

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular and Pathological Investigation of Infectious Bronchitis in Broiler Flocks in Sulaimani Province, Iraq

This research's goal was to examine the molecular analysis and pathological lesions linked to IBV infection in flocks of naturally infected broiler chickens from non-vaccinated and vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) flocks. One hundred sixteen birds were collected in Sulaimani provinces between November 2021 and July 2022 from various broiler chicken flocks of vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) and non-vaccinated birds who suffered from respiratory illness. Viral isolation and PCR were used to confirm the infection. The majority of the necropsied birds showed congested trachea and the presence of mucus with caseated debris at the bifurcation. There was a white precipitate in the ureters, also the kidneys were enlarged and congested. Sequencing of the S1 glycoprotein gene revealed that four isolates found and after phylogenetic analysis of the strains' deduced amino acid sequences indicated that they had a close relationship with the Iranian strains MG013972 and MG013973 as well as the Iraqi strain MH747093. The non-vaccinated chickens' histopathological evaluation of all organs was more severe than that of the vaccinated chicks, with catarrhal exudate obstructing the tracheal lumen and tracheal epithelium undergoing hyperplasia to squamous metaplasia. In lung sections, catarrhal exudate partially to completely blocked the parabronchial lumen and the intrabronchial septa thickened due to alveolar capillary congestion, and an inflammatory reaction. Mild to severe glomerulonephritis with considerable collecting epithelial cell degeneration was seen in the kidney segment. Finally, it can be said that the infectious bronchitis virus is a significant contributor to the respiratory and/or renal issues affecting the flocks of broiler chickens in Sulaimani Province.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New Areas of Contributions and New Addition of Security

Open Journal of Big Data (OJBD) (www.ronpub.com/ojbd) is an open access journal, which addresses the aspects of Big Data, including new methodologies, processes, case studies, poofs-of-concept, scientific demonstrations, industrial applications and adoption. This editorial presents two articles published in the first issue of the second volume of OJBD. The first article is about the investigation of social media for the public engagement. The second article looks into large-scale semantic web indices for six RDF collation orders. OJBD has an increasingly improved reputation thanks to the support of research communities. We will set up the Second International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security (IoTBDS 2017), in Porto, Portugal, between 24 and 26 April 2017. OJBD is published by RonPub (www.ronpub.com), which is an academic publisher of online, open access, peer-reviewed journals.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asynchronous Time-Aware Shaper for Time-Sensitive Networking

Abstract The Time Sensitive Networking Task Group of the IEEE 802.1 Working Group has developed a number of enhancements to the priority queueing architecture used by Ethernet. Perhaps the most notable one is the time-aware shaper (TAS), which can perfectly isolate priority classes in time with periodically scheduled traffic gates, thereby enabling ultra low latency applications to coexist with lower priority traffic on the same network. It requires near-perfect clock synchronization across the entire network, though, and a central network controller to calculate the timings for the traffic gates, based on known propagation delays on the network links. As a cheaper alternative, we have developed the asynchronous TAS that needs no clock synchronization, network planning, or a central controller. It uses local processes at each switch port to track the high priority streams, predict the arrival times of their next frames, and control the traffic gates such that the low priority streams are not interfering. We show how a simple predictor with minimal computation requirements can be used to track the high priority streams, and we demonstrate via simulations that this gating mechanism can protect the high priority traffic from interference.

Topic: Network Time Synchronization Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
About Two Cases of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is a rare tumor. They are classified as benign leiomyoma and malignant leiomyosarcoma regarding presence of tumor cell necrosis, cytological atypia and mitotic activity. STUMP is regarded in World Health Organization (WHO) classification as smooth muscle tumors between benign and malignant criteria. STUMP is seen mostly in age of mid-forties, who has been operated with preoperative leiomyoma diagnosis. Risk factors and prognosis are not fully understood, but in long-term follow-up, there is a potential of recurrence or metastasis.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Potentiometric studies with an ion permselective membrane

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric studies with an ion permselective membraneSudarshan. Lal and Gary D. ChristianCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 3, 410–421Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60298a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60298a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Subfield: Electrochemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Puerperal Fever

such an expression, " sedative-tonic "-like the pharmaceutical oxide and salts of silver and bismuth.I have employed it pretty extensively in the treatment of the class of cases described in the preceding paper, chronic intestinal eruptions, and occasionally with the most marked good effect in them, in instances that had resisted all other forms of treatment.It is often useful also in common

Topic: Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Liver function tests in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The new American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guideline now includes elevation of liver enzymes as a criterion for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to compare liver function tests in preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy and determine their relationship with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, and uric acid levels in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study of 46 women with severe preeclampsia and 21 pregnant women as controls. These women attended the Antenatal Clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos where women were consecutively recruited. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.004), plasma creatinine (P = 0.007), uric acid (P = 0.0001), plasma albumin (P = 0.029), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.0001), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P = 0.035), and unconjugated bilirubin (P = 0.023) between the group with severe preeclampsia and the normotensive pregnancy control group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was however not significantly elevated. AST elevation was the most common anomaly in severe preeclampsia occurring in 54.3% of cases. There was no association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, and uric acid in severe preeclampsia with and without abnormal liver function tests. Conclusion: Elevation of AST, ALP, GGT, and unconjugated bilirubin are common in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia but may not all be of liver origin. These parameters were also not associated with indices of disease severity. The use of liver enzyme concentrations as adjuncts in preeclampsia diagnosis should be applied with caution in Nigerian women with preeclampsia.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Real time multiple object tracking with improved object interference handling

Having the ability to track multiple objects in video sequences by object detection can result in not only useful applications such as video surveillance but also problems which includes object re-identification, poor motion prediction and occlusion. While multi-object tracking (MOT) is a deeply explored area, it is not yet successfully solved using computer vision methods and artificial intelligence. Due to highly dynamic environment in MOT, objects often collide and occlude each other hence resulting in false initializing and ID switching. In order to reduce the occurrence of these issues, this paper presents a simple method which integrates existing tracker and various methods such as calculating the cosine differences in visual features and changing the relevant thresholds, to improve the accuracy. This tracking system is evaluated on MOT17 benchmark detection rubrics and the results achieved showed improvements as compared to having no such extensions.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Dawn of Canada's Century: Hidden Histories

Sir Wilfrid Laurier famously claimed that the twentieth century would be Canada's century and, indeed, its opening decade witnessed remarkable territorial, demographic, and social transformations. Yet the lives of those who lived and laboured to fashion these changes remain largely hidden from historical view. The Dawn of Canada's Century presents close and systematic interpretations of everyday lives based on the first national sample of the 1911 census. Written by many of Canada's leading historical researchers, The Dawn of Canada's Century demonstrates the wide-ranging and revealing social histories made possible by the new Canadian Century Research Infrastructure, an innovative database of national samples of decennial census microdata, from 1911 through 1951.

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate Versus Placebo in the Management of Women with Severe Pre-eclampsia

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:300-303

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stock status of giant catfish <i>Netuma thalassina</i> (Rüppell, 1837) from Tamil Nadu, India waters

Abstract Information on the stock status of giant catfish Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) is meagre due to lack of catch and effort data. Therefore, we reconstructed catch and effort data of the giant catfish fishery in Tamil Nadu, India waters from 2001 to 2020. Catch and effort data were analyzed with Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA), Catch Maximum Sustainable Yield (CMSY) and the Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer production Model (BSM). Results indicated that giant catfish resources were fully exploited and reached the stage of overexploitation in 2014. Considering the high vulnerability to climate change, very high susceptibility to fishing, increased fishing effort and fully exploited status of giant catfish fishery, we propose a significant reduction of fishing effort to ensure sustainable exploitation.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in elderly patients: Can a personalized approach be an effective therapeutic option?

468 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common genitourinary cancer. Up to 30% of patients (pts) with RCC presents with advanced disease. Sunitinib(S), an orally available tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the well established first-line therapy for these population. Actually few data are available in the literature about its use in patients &gt; 75 yrs investigating the feasibility, the efficacy and the toxicity in this population. Methods: From 2007 to 2011, 16 pts &gt;75 yrs with mRCC received S. 75% of pts had a clear cell carcinoma, 87.5% had a surgery on primary tumor, 18.7% had a metastic disease at diagnosis and the median time to metastatic progression was 13.5 months. Median age was 78 years (range 71-88y).All patients had 0-1 performance status and 69% of them received S as first-line treatment. Four pts started S on the approved 50 mg /d 4-week-on-2-off schedule, but three of them reduced to 37.5 mg continuous once daily dosing(ODD)starting from the third cycle. Five out of 8 pts receiving 37.5 mg continuous ODD reduced the dose at 25 mg continuous ODD or modified the schedule. Four pts started with 25 mg continuous ODD and 2 of them continued the treatment at modified schedule. Median number of cycles administered was 7 (range 2-16). Results: Response rate was 87% (13pts) in 15 evaluable pts. Overall response included 40% (6 pts) of PR, 20% (3pts) of CR, 33% (5pts) of SD &gt; 6 mos. Progressive disease was observed only in 1patient. TTP was 12.4 months (95% CI, 4.8-32.6). Overall survival was 34.2 months (95% CI, 27.3- ). The main toxicity requiring dose reduction or schedule modification was haematological (46%), G3Anemia in 1 pt G3-4 thrombocytopenia in 3pts and G3 leukoneutrophenia in 3pts. No any toxicity required treatment interruption. Conclusions: In summary these results show the feasibility and the efficacy of S in elderly population with high response rate regardless the doses and schedule used.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Political Economy of Fiscal Policy Under Monetary Union

Abstract This chapter has three objectives: first, to outline the ways in which the fiscal dimension is likely to change the nature of domestic politics in European states; second, to place these changes in a comparative context by reference to the experience of established federal states; and third, to speculate on the ways in which fiscal changes are likely to change the ways in which domestic political actors operate in the context of the institutional framework of the EU. Space limitations preclude a comprehensive coverage of these points. It is not intended to draw systematic distinctions between member states; the country chapters in this volume help provide this detail. Instead, the purpose is to draw on those theoretical perspectives generated by recent research in economics and political science that provide the basis for informed judgements on the effects of EMU on national polities in general and on national fiscal regimes in particular.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Caesar and the Bellum Alexandrinum: An Analysis of Style, Narrative Technique, and the Reception of Greek Historiography

Das Bellum Alexandrinum beschreibt die Ereignisse des römischen Bürgerkriegs zwischen 49 und 47 v.Chr. und berichtet von Caesars Aufenthalt im ägyptischen Alexandria und seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Ptolemaios XIII. Die beiden Autoren widmen sich in diesem Buch vor allem den bisher weitgehend unerforschten Aspekten der literarischen Technik sowie den Bezügen des Bellum Alexandrinum zur griechischen und frühen römischen Historiografie. Zugleich bietet das Buch aber auch eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Sprache und rekonstruiert die Umstände der Entstehung. Es zeigt, dass der Bericht aus mehreren Einzelberichten zusammengefügt wurde, die sich sprachlich, inhaltlich und erzähltechnisch deutlich voneinander unterscheiden

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Outbreak of World War I

Arguably the best case study to comprehensively illustrate the dynamics of the impact of the combination of the level of generalized social trust, major power status, and economic growth identified as key factors determining the onset of militarized interstate disputes in the quantitative analyses above is the interaction of European major powers leading up to the outbreak of World War I. With the centennial of the outbreak of the First World War rapidly approaching, it is perhaps appropriate to reflect on the causes of that system-altering conflict, all the more so as many of the factors that contributed to its outbreak persist even to this day. Although the quantitative portion of this project dealt with militarized interstate disputes rather than wars, it must be noted that wars are almost invariably preceded by such disputes, which then escalate until they pass the war threshold. Such was the case during the fateful events of 1914.KeywordsNational IdentitySocial TrustPublic Good ProvisionGerman StateMajor PowerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences