jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
‘Home Means Everything to Me …’: A Study of Young Syrian Refugees’ Narratives Constructing Home in Greece

Abstract The ongoing civil war in Syria has displaced many citizens who have fled the violence in order to seek sanctuary and asylum in Europe. As they seek refugee status, they are living in liminal spaces in transit countries, in the hope that they will be relocated on a permanent basis to a new country. In many instances, family members have gone before them and are already ‘settled’ in new countries. The remaining family make the perilous journey out of Syria, in the hope that they will be reunited with their family members and accorded refugee status. In this article, we share the stories of five Syrian children (aged from 11 to 15 years of age) temporarily housed in the LM refugee centre near the town of Lehaina (Myrsini Ileias, Peloponnese, Greece). We asked them about their concept of ‘home’ and, using a narrative methodology, we present their personal stories of their reconstructions of ‘home’ while they are located in this liminal space. How do they share stories of their original homes? What are their lives like in this and the other unfamiliar places that they have found themselves in? What do the young refugees make of their ‘new homes’? What challenges do they face? These are just some of the issues that we explore here in these narratives of a search for a ‘new’ home.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Internal fixation of pilon fractures of the distal radius.

When closed manipulation fails to restore articular congruity in comminuted, displaced fractures of the distal radius, open reduction and internal fixation is required. Results of surgical stabilization and articular reconstruction of these injuries are reviewed in this retrospective study of 49 patients with 52 displaced, intra-articular distal radius fractures. Forty-three patients (87%) with a mean age of 37 years (range of 17 to 79 years) were available for evaluation. The mean follow-up time was 38 months (range 22-69 months). When rated according to the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF), 19 were type C2 and 21 were type C3. We devised an Injury Score System based on the initial injury radiographs to classify severely comminuted intra-articular fractures and to identify those associated with carpal injury (3 patients). Post-operative fracture alignment, articular congruity, and radial length were significantly improved following surgery (p < .01). Grip strength averaged 69% +/- 22% of the contralateral side, and the range of motion averaged 75% +/- 18% of the contralateral side post-operatively. A combined outcome rating system that included grip strength, range of motion, and pain relief averaged 76% +/- 19% of the contralateral side. There was a statistically significant decrease in the combined rating with more severe fracture patterns as defined by the ASIF system (p < .01), Malone classification (p < .03), and the Injury Score System (p < .001). The Injury Score System presented here, and in particular the number of fracture fragments, correlated most closely with outcome of all the classification systems studied. Operative treatment of these distal radius fractures with reconstruction of the articular congruity and correction of the articular surface alignment with internal fixation and/or external fixation, can significantly improve the radiographic alignment and functional outcome. Furthermore, the degree to which articular stepoff, gap between fragments, and radial shortening are improved by surgery is strongly correlated with improved outcome, even when the results are corrected for severity of initial injury, whereas correction of radial tilt or dorsal tilt did not correlate with improved outcome.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Figure S2 from PKCα Attenuates Jagged-1–Mediated Notch Signaling in ErbB-2–Positive Breast Cancer to Reverse Trastuzumab Resistance

&lt;p&gt;A. Mib-1 is required for trastuzumab or lapatinib-induced increase of HES-1 protein expression in MDA-MB-453 cells. B. Notch-1, JAG-1, and HES-1 proteins are increases in trastuzumab resistant BT474 cells compared to sensitive cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: TGF-β signaling in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Contact Problem For Thin Biphasic Cartilage Layers: Perturbation Solution

A three-dimensional unilateral contact problem for articular cartilage layers is considered in the framework of the biphasic cartilage model. The articular cartilages bonded to subchondral bones are modelled as biphasic materials consisting of a solid phase and a fluid phase. It is assumed that the subchondral bones are rigid and shaped close to an elliptic paraboloid. The obtained analytical solution is valid over long time periods and can be used for increasing loading conditions.

Topic: Contact Mechanics and Variational Inequalities
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Collective-Coupling Enhanced Ultrabroadband Linear Polarization Conversion on Zigzag-Split Metasurfaces

Polarization manipulation plays a pivotal role in integrated multifunctional devices. Various metasurface-based polarization converters successfully demonstrated high efficiency and broad bandwidth. However, new mechanisms to aggressively enhance performance are still in dire need. Here, theoretical and experimental evidence corroborates an efficient ultrawideband transmissive polarization converter based on a topological design method. The triple-layer meta-device consists of a layer of anisotropic zigzag-split resonator array amid two orthogonal wire-grating layers. By splitting double zigzag lines into compound 90° V-shaped resonators, the intraunit cross coupling extends to strong interunit cross coupling, giving birth to the multiresonance enhancement and significant bandwidth broadening. This polarization converter can efficiently convert linearly polarized incident waves into 90° cross-polarized transmitted waves, with a conversion efficiency above 80% over 3.98–22.71 GHz, reaching a fractional bandwidth of 140.4%. The proposed meta-device enables strong cross coupling in mutual transition from intraunit to interunit. From a physical viewpoint, the novel mechanism is elucidated by the surface current and electric field distributions upon constructive interferences stemming from V-shape-resonator combinations and the Fabry–Pérot-like cavity effect. With both spectrum and function extensions, the proposed polarization conversion strategy finds essential applications in polarization-related systematic scenarios, such as 6G communication, radar imaging, anti-interference, and chiral sensing.

Topic: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inverse relationship between patient peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and collection efficiency for CD34+ cellsin two automated leukapheresis systems

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the CD34 cell collection efficiency (CE) of automated leukapheresis protocols of two blood cell separators (Spectra, COBE [AutoPBSC protocol] and AS104, Fresenius [PBSC‐Lym, protocol]) for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvest in patients with malignant diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBPCs were collected by the Spectra AutoPBSC protocol in 95 patients (123 collections) and the AS104 PBSC‐Lym protocol in 87 patients (115 harvests). Patients underwent a median of one (range, 1‐4) conventional‐volume apheresis procedure of 10.8 L (9.0‐13.9) to obtain a target cell dose of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg. RESULTS: The median overall CD34 CE was significantly better on the AS104 than on the Spectra: 55.8 percent versus 42.4 percent (p = 0.000). This was also true below (59.2% vs. 50.1%; p = 0.022) and above (51.2% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.001) the preleukapheresis threshold of 40 CD34+ cells per μL needed to collect a single‐apheresis autograft. However, at ≥40 circulating CD34+ cells per μL, both cell separators achieved the target of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg. The CD34 CE dropped significantly, from 59.2 percent at &lt;40 cells per μL to 51.2 percent at ≥40 cells per μL on the AS104 (p = 0.017) and from 50.1 percent to 41.3 percent on the Spectra (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Whereas the CD34 CE was significantly different with the AS104 and the Spectra, the CD34 CE of both machines correlated inversely with peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts, showing a significant decline with increasing numbers of circulating CD34+ cells. Nevertheless, at ≥40 preapheresis CD34+ cells per μL, sufficient hematopoietic autografts of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg were harvested by a single conventional‐volume (11 L) leukapheresis on both cell separators.

Topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The responses of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence to changes of irradiance and temperature in two species of Miscanthus

Photosynthetic CO2 uptake and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence of C4 perennial grasses, Miscanthus floridulus (Labill) Warb and M. transmorrisonensis Hayata, from altitudes in central Taiwan of 390 and 2700 m, respectively, were studied at 10 and 25 °C to find if the species differ in their photosynthetic responses to a low temperature, and whether their photosystems 2 become more susceptible to the photoinhibition at low temperatures. For both species, the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was reduced when the leaves were exposed to 10 °C. At irradiances higher than 400 µmol m-2 s-1, the values of Fv/Fm were reduced in both species at 10 °C but not at 25 °C, which indicated the photoinhibition at 10 °C. Reductions in Pmax and the values of Fv/Fm at 10 °C were lesser in M. transmorrisonensis than in M. floridulus.

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Low-Thermal-Budget Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors Based on CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> and InZnO

In this paper, we demonstrate low-thermal-budget ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on the two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (CIPS) and oxide semiconductor InZnO (IZO). The CIPS/IZO FeFETs exhibit nonvolatile memory windows of ∼1 V, low off-state drain currents, and high carrier mobilities. The ferroelectric CIPS layer serves a dual purpose by providing electrostatic doping in IZO and acting as a passivation layer for the IZO channel. We also investigate the CIPS/IZO FeFETs as artificial synaptic devices for neural networks. The CIPS/IZO synapse demonstrates a sizable dynamic ratio (125) and maintains stable multilevel states. Neural networks based on CIPS/IZO FeFETs achieve an accuracy rate of over 80% in recognizing MNIST handwritten digits. These ferroelectric transistors can be vertically stacked on silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) with a low thermal budget, offering broad applications in CMOS+X technologies and energy-efficient 3D neural networks.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Grounded Theory Study of the Experiences of Early Childhood Educators Implementing Action Research as a Professional Development Method

The purpose of this systematic grounded theory study was to gain insight through the experiences of early childhood educators and their perceptions as they implemented action research as a professional development method. This study focused on the process of implementing action research as a professional development method and strived to answer questions related to the possible future use of this model in other educational settings while describing educator experiences, perceptions and beliefs. Data collection included interviews, observations, and journals. Detailed procedures for analysis were employed during the study with three phases of coding: Open, Axial, and Selective. Data was analyzed by describing the experiences of the educators in detail and the themes that emerged during the collection of data to form a grounded theory model on utilizing action research as a professional development method in early childhood settings.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Outcomes of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer using Methylene Blue and Fluorescein Dye in a Tertiary Care Centre of North East India

Objectives: The currently recommended technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer is a combination of blue dye (commonly used isosulfan blue or Patent blue violet) and radiotracer-guided technique (Tc99m-labeled sulfur colloid). Neither of the blue dyes are currently marketed in India, are expensive to import, and not easily available. Nuclear medicine facilities are not available at most centers. This study involves using a combination of methylene blue dye and fluorescein dye to detect sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study. Patients with first time detected T1 or T2, N0 and M0 breast cancer were eligible for this study and taken up for SLNB using dual dye technique (methylene blue dye and sodium fluorescein dye). N0 status was confirmed both clinically and radiologically. Patients with a previous history of malignancy and those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from this study. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: In this study we present outcomes of 50 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy using a combination of methylene blue and fluorescein dye at our institute. Mean age was 51.8 years and range was 32-70 years. Sentinel node was successfully identified in 47 cases, thereby a 94% of identification rate was observed with this dual method technique and the median sentinel nodes were 2. Among a total of 98 detected sentinel nodes, 47(47.9%) had both blue dye and fluorescein dye uptake. Conclusion: Fluorescein dye is a very cheap alternative to radioactive tracer technique; hence it can be used as an alternative especially in resource constrained countries like ours.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A performance study of uplink scheduling in WiMAX network

WiMax is a technology that provides wireless services at very high speed. The IEEE 802.16 standard provides the specification for WiMAX technology. The IEEE 802.16 provides QOS support, but it does not specify the details of how the QOS can be achieved for different types of applications. Bandwidth scheduling is one method by which the QOS requirements can be met. The amount of bandwidth allocated to different application depends on the type of scheduling algorithm implemented at the Base station and Subscriber station. Different vendors implement this scheduling architecture in their own way. The scheduling algorithm should be efficient. Lot of parameters like number of subscribers, upper bound on delay, jitter and bandwidth etc should be considered. This paper presents a survey of simple uplink scheduling algorithms for WiMAX. We have also carried out a simulation study of BE scheduling service on the uplink. The simulation is carried out using the NS2 simulator with the NIST implementation ver2.6 of Wimax module.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterisation of silicon microstrip detectors for the ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade with a micro-focused X-ray beam

The planned HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC) in 2025 is being designed to maximise the physics potential through a sizable increase in the luminosity up to 6*10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. A consequence of this increased luminosity is the expected radiation damage at 3000 fb^-1 after ten years of operation, requiring the tracking detectors to withstand fluences to over 1*10^16 1 MeV n_eq/cm^2 . In order to cope with the consequent increased readout rates, a complete re-design of the current ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) is being developed as the Inner Tracker (ITk). Two proposed detectors for the ATLAS strip tracker region of the ITk were characterized at the Diamond Light Source with a 3 um FWHM 15 keV micro focused X-ray beam. The devices under test were a 320 Um thick silicon stereo (Barrel) ATLAS12 strip mini sensor wire bonded to a 130 nm CMOS binary readout chip (ABC130) and a 320 Um thick full size radial (end-cap) strip sensor - utilizing bi-metal readout layers - wire bonded to 250 nm CMOS binary readout chips (ABCN-25). A resolution better than the inter strip pitch of the 74.5 um strips was achieved for both detectors. The effect of the p-stop diffusion layers between strips was investigated in detail for the wire bond pad regions. Inter strip charge collection measurements indicate that the effective width of the strip on the silicon sensors is determined by p-stop regions between the strips rather than the strip pitch.

Topic: Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Apparatus for Dissecting Stalks to Evaluate Stem Borer Insect Resistance in Maize

Abstract Measuring tunnel length in stalks is a common method for evaluating resistance against European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) in maize ( Zea mays L.). Infested plants are dissected and tunnel length, attributed to feeding of corn borer larvae, is measured. This is laborious and time‐consuming, thus restricting the number of genotypes that can be evaluated for resistance in breeding programs. An apparatus built mostly of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and spring steel was constructed for dissecting maize stalks. Stalks are pushed by hand through the apparatus and are thus split apart. This apparatus dissects the stalk into two equal parts for measuring stem borer resistance in maize and reduces the time spent for splitting a stalk by =50% compared with conventional methods. The cutter ensures no escapes in investigating tunnel lengths.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The TOP counter and determination of bunch-crossing time at Belle II

At the Belle II experiment a Time-of-Propagation (TOP) counter is used for particle identification in the barrel region. This novel type of particle identification device combines the Cherenkov ring imaging technique with the time-of-flight and therefore it relies on a precise knowledge of the time of collision in each triggered event. We discuss the performance of the counter and present a maximum likelihood based method for the determination of event collision time from the measured data.

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling in the tension field of manual and digitaldesign methods. Comparative study on the example "Digital Me",a self-portrait study in sculptural design lecture.

This dissertation analyzes the impact of manual and digital design methods on the teaching/learning process. This has not yet been done with scientific methods in this form. The starting point of this qualitative research is a piloting of innovative teaching/learning methods with hybrid, manual and digital, design methods on the example of the seminar "Digital Me" in the research module for architects and urban planners of the RWTH Aachen University (empirical study). Based on the results of this research, recommendations for a future design theory are developed, which can optimally unfold manual and digital methods of design (synergy of theory and empiricism in a hermeneutic procedure).

Topic: Libraries and Information Services
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Gunshot Wounds: Visual and Analytical Procedures

Abstract In most instances of death from gunshot wounds, the forensic pathologist is readily able to determine whether or not a particular gunshot wound was inflicted at contact, intermediate, or distant range. In some instances, however, such a determination is virtually impossible. Most difficulty occurs in differentiating a contact wound from a distant wound. A contact wound is apparent when soot is present on the outside of the skin, if there is a muzzle imprint, or if there is tearing of the skin caused by the effects of gas. However, determination of whether a wound is contact or distant can be a problem when (1) the body is decomposed; (2) the deceased has survived days or weeks after the initial wound; (3) the wound is a contact wound and there are multiple layers of clothing that filter out the soot and powder; and (4) the edges of the wound have dried in contact wounds with small caliber weapons.

Topic: Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
sEMG-Driven Functional Electrical Stimulation Tuning via Muscle Force

Accurate force control plays a crucial role but still faces many challenges in functional electrical stimulation (FES) based neuroprosthesis applications. This study proposes an surface electromyography (sEMG) driven solution for FES sequential parameter estimation including its amplitude and pulsewidth (PW). The algorithm forms the mapping relationship from voluntary sEMG to the two FES parameters via the correlated muscle forces as an intermediate variable. Six able-bodied subjects are recruited to optimize and validate the proposed method based on the triangular and random grip force. The estimated amplitude and PW are evaluated respectively by stimulating the ipsilateral and contralateral muscle of the sEMG recording points. The accuracy of muscle force reconstruction achieve by the method are investigated by comparing the FES-induced grip force and the originally recorded voluntary grip force (VGF), in terms of the correlation index ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$</tex-math></inline-formula> ). The experimental results reveals excellent performance of the method on inducing functional muscle contraction closely matched the VGF ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R&gt;0.9$</tex-math></inline-formula> ), regardless of the estimated amplitudes or PW. Furthermore, the performance differences between the estimated PW and amplitude are not significant ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p&gt;0.05$</tex-math></inline-formula> ). These results not only demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed proportional FES control method, but also confirms its practical potential for muscle force control and strengthening in neuroprosthesis applications.

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences