jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Animal models of primary myocardial diseases.

Feline and canine cardiomyopathies (primary myocardial diseases) were reviewed and divided into three groups based on the clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic, and pathologic findings: (1) feline and canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, (2) feline and canine congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy, and (3) feline restrictive cardiomyopathy. All three groups consisted predominantly of mature adult male cats and dogs. Cardiomyopathy in the hamster and turkey was also reviewed. The most common presenting signs were dyspnea and/or thromboembolism in the cat, systolic murmurs with gallop rhythms on auscultation, cardiomegaly with (groups 1 and 3) or without (group 2) pulmonary edema, abnormal electrocardiograms, elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and angiocardiographic evidence of mitral regurgitation with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (group 1), left ventricular dilatation (group 2), or midventricular stenosis (group 3). Some cats in groups 1 and 3 also had evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The principal pathologic findings in all of the cats and dogs were left atrial dilation, hypertrophy, increased septal:left ventricular free wall thickness ratio with disorganization of cardiac muscle cells (group 1); dilatation of the four chambers with degeneration of cardiac muscle cells (group 2); and extensive endocardial fibrosis and adhesion of the left ventricle (group 3). Aortic thromboembolism was commonly observed in the cats of all three groups. These clinical and pathologic findings indicate that cardiomyopathy in the cat or dog is similar to the three forms of cardiomyopathy in humans (hypertrophic, congestive, and restrictive).

Topic: Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of Phase Nanosegregation in the Photoluminescence\nSpectra of Halide Perovskites

The study of MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; phase transitions based on temperature-dependent\noptical spectroscopy has recently gained a huge attention. Photoluminescence\n(PL) investigations of the tetragonal–orthorhombic transition\nsuggest that tetragonal nanodomains are present below the transition\ntemperature and signatures associated with tetragonal segregations\nare observed. We have studied the impact of phase nanosegregation\nacross the orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition of MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; on the system’s properties employing a tight binding\n(TB) approach. The particle swarm optimization has been used to obtain\na consistent set of TB parameters, where the target properties of\nthe system have been derived by first-principles calculations. The\ntheoretical results have been compared with the measured PL spectra\nfor a temperature range going from 10 to 100 K. Our model effectively\ncaptures the carriers’ localization phenomenon induced by the\npresence of residual tetragonal nanodomains and demonstrates that\nthe assumption of phase nanosegregation can explain the low-energy\nfeatures in the PL spectra of MAPbI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Angelica Polysaccharide and TPO Have a Protective Effect On Hcmv-Induced Apoptosis In Megakaryocytes

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection is often associated with thrombocytopenia. Megakaryocytes may be one of the major sites of hCMV infection, then inducing this cell apoptosis. Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) is an important ingredient of many commonly used herbal Medicine for promoting blood production. Our previous study has showed that the hematopoietic effect of Angelica Sinensis is related to its constituent, angelica polysaccharide (APS) (Yang M et al, J Ethnopharma, 2009). This present study investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of APS and TPO on hCMV-induced apoptosis in megakaryocytes. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) or megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 and hCMV AD169 strain were co-cultured in this study. hCMV significantly inhibited the formation of CFU-MK as shown in three different concentrations of viral infection groups (103, 104 and 105 pfu/ml), compared with blank control and mock control (n=10, P&lt;0.05). hCMV also significantly inhibited the growth of CHRF cells in these three different concentrations after incubation for 3 days, which compared with control group (n=10, P&lt;0.01). hCMV DNA and mRNA were also positively detected in CHRF cells and the cells of CFU-MK with IS-PCR and RT-PCR respectively, while it was negative in blank and mock control groups. We further studied the effect of APS and TPO on CFU-MK formation. Results showed that APS (50 ug/ml) like TPO (50 ng/ml) enhanced hCMV-reduced CFU-MK (P=0.05, n=6). CHRF cells were also analyzed by Annexin V/PI with flow cytometry at day 3 after infection with hCMV AD169. The percentage of apoptotic cells in group of 103 pfu/ml was 19.0 ± 2.0%; The group of 104 pfu/ml was 23.0 ± 1.5%; The group of 105 pfu/ml was 28.0 ± 3.0%. The control group was 2.0 ± 0.5%. The apoptotic cells were confirmed by morphologic observation. In addition, apoptotic signals from megakaryocytic surface, cytoplasma and mitochondria were detected in hCMV infected cells by flow cytometry with Caspase-3 and JC-1 assay. Compared to mock infection control at day 5, Annexin-V positive cells population increased by 58%; active caspase-3 signal increased by 120% in viable cell population; and cell population with damaged mitochondial membrane showed a 5-times increase. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of APS and TPO on CHRF cells was also demonstrated by using Annexin-V assay. Our studies showed that hCMV induces the apoptosis in megakaryocytes via mitochondrial and caspase-3 signaling, and angelica polysaccharide (APS) like TPO has a protective effect on hCMV-induced apoptosis in these cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Evolution of Human Circadian Rhythms: An Ancient Defence Mechanism Impacting Modern Life-Styles

Circadian rhythms are a feature of almost all living cells. When isolated from external stimuli, organisms exhibit self-sustaining cycles in behaviour, physiology and metabolism, with a period of approximately 24 hours. Sunlight is used to entrain this endogenously generated rhythmicity to the earth’s rotation to provide a three-dimensional perception of the world plus the fourth external dimension, time. I hypothetically trace the evolution of the system from blue-light photoreception by the earliest marine organisms to the rise of photosynthetic bacteria creating an aerobic environment. Species now had to contend with the exogenous threat of UV radiation plus the endogenous toxic by-products of oxidative phosphorylation. Mammalian systems incorporated tools from earlier systems but refined them to the present highly integrated system of control of physiology. Cryptochrome, the blue light photoreceptor, is incorporated but photoreception now the domain of opsins in the retina. The system having central control by the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the hypothalamus, well placed to receive light information from the retina but also communicating with other brain areas and the periphery through neural and hormonal links. This system still has relevance to us as humans within our modern environment, since a de-synchronised circadian system can contribute to a number of diseases.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural study of sesquiterpene cyclases

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) is isolated from several plant tissues including pears and apples, and regm•ded as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene, a plant ho1mone that affects diverse growing and developmental processes, including fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence, and stress responses.ACC is the simplest compound in which amino m1d carboxyl groups bind to cyclopropane ling directly.The enzyme ACC deaminase catalizes opening of this ring to give aketobutyrate.ACC deaminase from a yeast Hansenula saturnus has been crystallized by a hanging-drop vapour diffusion method.T]1e diffraction data from native crystal has been collected to 4.0 A resolution with Rmerge=ll.3%(82.1% of expected reflections) on a Weissenberg camera using synchrotron radiation at Photon Factory (KEK,Japan).The crystals belong to C222I space group with cell dimensions of a=276.7,b=66.l and c=l87.1 A. Assuming two dimers of an estimated moleculm• weight of 69,000 per asymmetric unit.Vm was calculated to be 3.0},.3/Daand solvent volume fraction was 58 %.Assuming three dimers per asymmetlic unit.Vm was calculated to be 2.0A3/Da and solvent volume fraction was 38%.Diffraction data set ofPHMBS de1ivatives was collected to 4.0A resolution with Rmerge=l2.8%(89.0% of expected reflections).From difference Patterson and anomalous difference Patterson maps of PHMBS derivative, we could find heavy atom peaks.Phasing and a sem•ching for further heavy-atom derivatives for multiple isomorphous replacement method are now in progress.

Topic: Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of Combustion and Gasification for Energy Recovery from Residual Woody Biomass

More than half of global electrical and thermal energy is generated by fossil fuels, around 63% in 2019. This is one of the main causes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, responsible for the increase of the atmospheric average temperature above the reference level. Combined heat and power (CHP) generation from biomass may contribute to increasing renewable energy generation and reducing GHGs emissions, pursuing the goals of the European Union green deal 2021. In the present study, CHP generation potentiality, efficiencies, and environmental impact are compared numerically by using Aspen Plus V8.8 software between the thermal treatment of combustion and gasification integrated with a gas turbine system of residual woody biomass. The gas turbine is powered by the exhausts of biomass combustion in the first configuration, and by the exhausts of syngas combustion in the second one. Modeling of cogeneration through biomass combustion and gasification is developed based on the available literature data, founding a good agreement with the experimental campaign. Wood combustion is more advantageous in terms of cogeneration efficiencies (around 40% higher), whereas gasification emits lower GHGs.

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An annotated translation and study of Chapters on Awakening to the Real (ca. 1061): attributed to Zhang Boduan (ca. 983-1081)

The Wuzhen pian (Chapters on Awakening to the Real), composed by Zhang Boduan during the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), is one of the most important texts describing the Taoist method of cultivation known as neidan (inner alchemy). Neidan texts, including the Wuzhen plan, contain a complex array of symbols which draws on sources such as waidan (outer alchemy), the Yijing (Book of Changes), and the wuxing (five phases) in addition to earlier Taoist texts. One of the most influential representations of neidan literature is found in volume five of Joseph Needham's monumental reference work, Science and Civilisation in China. It is held here that this representation, while rich in detail, is flawed in its portrayal of the neidan process of cultivation. Needham and his colleagues present neidan as a form of proto-science which is concerned almost exclusively with physiological processes. An argument is made for understanding the Wuzhen pian, which is taken as representative of neidan literature in general, as primarily a spiritual document detailing a process which leads to an experience of enlightenment and transcendence rather than as a chapter of early proto-chemistry in the story of the evolution of modern science. This argument is based on the author's annotated translation of the edition of the Wuzhen pian found in the Xiuzhen shishu (Ten Compilations on the Cultivation of Perfection). The annotation pays close attention to the various commentaries included in this edition of the text as well as the other editions found in the Daozang (Taoist Canon). The main argument and the translation are preceded by a discussion of Zhang Boduan's (ca. 983-1081) life which is based on the hagiographic materials found in the Daozang and several gazetteers. A summary of the various major influences on the text and an overview its structure has also been included.

Topic: Medical Research and Treatments
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> modified MCM-41 on the dehydration of methyl lactate to acrylic acid

K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> + Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/MCM-41 shows good methyl lactate dehydration activity and acid–basic balance is important for the acrylic acid selectivity.

Topic: Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disseminating Empire

Abstract This chapter elaborates on the connection between the Philippines and American empire by exploring how the American press depicted the Philippines as an Oriental nation devoid of civilization—a site waiting for American prayers as manifest in the pretense of colonization. Through a close reading of popular media sources, it asks how Americans, in the context of their own homes, visually consumed the spectacle of America's new colony. Two New York-based newspapers, William Randolph Hearst's New York Evening Journal and Joseph Pulitzer's the World, and two national magazines, Harper's Weekly and McClure's, each represented the Philippines as an exoticized location with an Oriental nature. The American media, controlled by individuals such as Hearst and Pulitzer, helped sell the war along with countless magazines and newspapers.

Topic: Philippine History and Culture
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Technical Evolution of Advanced Flywheel Energy Storage System

The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is a new type of technology of energy storage, which has high value of the research and vast potential for future development. The FESS has distinct advantages such as high energy storage, high efficiency, pollution-free, wide in application, absence of noise, long lifetime, easy maintenance and continuous working and so on, which provides a new way to solve the terrible energy problem. Its operation principle, and five key technologies including the flywheel rotor, bearing system, energy conversion aspect, motor/generator and vacuum chamber are expounded. Then, the technical evolution of FESS at home and abroad is presented in detail, the application prospect of FESS is also given, and moreover, the research outlook of FESS is pointed out.

Topic: Power Systems and Renewable Energy
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Sign Language Development of Deaf Children

Abstract This chapter begins with a discussion of historical reports of sign language. It then discusses sign language in the education of deaf children, attempts to join the “oral” and “manual” approaches to education into what was originally referred to as “the combined system”, progress in linguistic studies of sign language development, and the contemporary context for studies of sign language development.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
ERIC ED213517: Bilingual Multicultural Education: Issues, Research, Rationale.

Issues related to the future of bilingual education are discussed in this brief paper. Points of controversy concerning bilingual education are pointed out and three philosophical approaches to, or models for, bilingual education are briefly described. The view of critics who see bilingual education as educationally unsound are mentioned and data about the educational experience of culturally diverse populations in the United States are introduced as part of an argument that a return to past practices requiring cultural assimilation is not a justifiable policy. It is further argued that such traditional educational practices violate basic American principles of freedom and human rights. Research findings countering the view that bilingualism is an outward sign of poor intellectual functioning are cited. Additional studies, indicating the positive outcomes of bilingual abilities and programs, are cited and briefly described, and it is concluded that the growth of the Hispanic population necessitates the attainment of some semblance of equal educational opportunity. (Author/RH)

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Financial Policy of Innovation Development Providing: The Impact Formalization

This paper deals with the study of the world and European rankings for innovative development. It is emphasized that Ukraine ranks quite low compared to other countries and even its own last year’s results. The dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index is presented for the period from 2009 to 2019. The paper focuses on the tendency that innovation activity and the high level of its financial support are concentrated mainly in individual countries and regions. In this regard, the relevance of the determining factors/indicators of the greatest influence and the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of innovation development in Ukraine is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and formalize the impact of fiscal policy indicators to ensure innovative development on the overall level of innovative development. In addition, attention is paid to the functional relationship between the level of competitiveness and innovation capacity, a significant positive relationship between the indicators of the country’s innovation capacity and the dynamism of business and financial system, and so on. Methodical tools are methods of correlation and regression analysis. As a result, some hypotheses have been confirmed, not confirmed or partially confirmed. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the percentage of Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in GDP, the share of Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) represented by the business sector and the share of Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) financed by business, the volume of domestic credit to the private sector and ease of regulation/resolution of insolvency – these indicators have a direct (positive), strong dependence and significance of correlation with the general level of innovative development. Keywords: methods of correlation and regression analysis, financial policy, financial support, financial support, functional dependence, innovative development, innovation index, level of innovation, innovation rating.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Shuni Virus in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa

We screened nonequine animals with unexplained neurologic signs or death in South Africa during 2010-2018 for Shuni virus (SHUV). SHUV was detected in 3.3% of wildlife, 1.1% of domestic, and 2.0% of avian species. Seropositivity was also demonstrated in wildlife. These results suggest a range of possible SHUV hosts in Africa.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Laparoscopic management of external iliac vein injury

A 57-year-old white woman was referred to our division for incomplete surgically staged endometrial cancer. She was taken to the operating room for laparoscopic surgical staging. Incidental right external vein injury occurred during pelvic lymphadenectomy. Video 1 shows an incidental thermal full thickness injury of right external iliac vein and repairing it laparoscopically during a pelvic lymphadenectomy procedure. A 3 mm laceration to the right external iliac vein occurred while right pelvic lymphadenectomy (Figure 1). After immediate clamping of the injury site with graspers, the laceration on the right external iliac vein was primarily repaired by use of a running intracorporeal 4-0 polypropylene suture (Figure 2). The insufflation pressure was increased to 20 mmHg for the duration of primary repair for 60 seconds to limit the hemorrhage. The patient was not obese and her body mass index (BMI) was 24.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD SXmp #71811.1

Soft X-ray detector array system measures the radial soft X-ray emission profile from LHD for equilibrium and stability analysis by using multi-channel scintillator. Soft X-ray is converted to visible light and detected by PMT. Frequency up to 200kHz can be covered.

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of the symmetry of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molecules on their rotations around an OCS molecule in superfluid &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;He droplets

The infrared spectra of OCS-(H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; clusters in cold (0.15 K) superfluid &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;He droplets coated with &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;He exhibit resolved rotational bands for each n up to n=8 para-H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (pH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) or ortho-D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (oD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) molecules. An analysis of the different Q- branch intensities based on the different spin symmetries of pH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and oD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; indicates the formation of symmetric 5- or 6- membered rings around the linear carbonyl sulfide (OCS) chromophore. The rings of distinguishable oD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are found to undergo axial rotations, whereas for 6 pH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molecules the symmetry-allowed rotational levels lie too high to be excited at the 0.15 K droplet temperatures.

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tests for resonance states in the positron-hydrogen system above the pickup threshold

Difficulties in the theoretical calculation of possible resonance states above the pickup but below the first hydrogen excitation threshold in the positron-hydrogen scattering system are discussed. A series of tests are proposed which should help avoid certain conceptual and practical difficulties one encounters in the analysis. Existing theoretical calculations claiming the resonance states are critically examined, and it is concluded that there is as yet no evidence for the presence of such resonance states in this particular energy region.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 812446: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences