jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tunable Fulleretic Sodalite MOFs: Highly Efficient\nand Controllable Entrapment of C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt; Fullerene via Mechanochemistry

Encapsulation and confinement of\nfullerene guests in metal-organic\nframeworks (MOFs) lead to a novel class of crystalline fulleretic\nmaterials with unique physicochemical properties and a broad field\nof potential applications. The control over the amount of target guests\nconfined in the MOF structure remains a significant challenge, which\nis particularly pronounced in the confinement of hardly accessible\nfullerene derivatives. The main strategies used in constructing fulleretic\ncomposites are limited by the solubility of components used and solvent\nversus guest competition for inhabitation of the framework voids.\nAs mechanochemical procedures often overcome these issues, we developed\nhere solvent-free processing by ball milling to gain control over\nthe encapsulation of bulky and rigid C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;-fullerene into\na sodalite MOF with large cages and narrow cage-apertures. A rapid,\ngreen, efficient, and stoichiometry-controlled mechanochemical processing\nafforded four model C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;@zeolitic-imidazolate framework\n8 (ZIF-8) crystalline materials containing target 15, 30, 60, and\n100 mol % of fullerene entrapped in the accessible cages of the model\nsodalite zeolitic-imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8), in stark contrast\nto the solution-based strategies that resulted in almost no loading.\nVarying the fullerene content affects the framework’s vibrational\nproperties, color and luminescence of the composites, and the electron-dose\nradiation stability. The computational and spectroscopic studies show\nthat the fullerene is accommodated in the cage’s center and\nthat the cage-to-cage transport is a hardly feasible and energetically\nunfavored process. However, the fast release of C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt; molecules\nfrom ZIF-8 can be effectively controlled by the pH. The entrapment\nof fullerene molecules in ZIF-8 resulted in their effective isolation\neven in higher loadings, paving the way to other tunable porous fulleretics\ncontaining single-molecule magnets or nanoprobes available on low\nscales.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Theoretical Foundations of the purposeful formation, in the project method, of the personal quality: “independence”.

The meaning of the word is revealed independently; property that is made up from the essence of self-activity, based on the modeling of students' independent activities. The article shows the types and forms of students' independent activity, the criteria and methods of researching independence, as well as the levels of the formation, the autonomy, the reflexivity, the ingenuity, and the achievement of the final form of them in the practical implementation.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Challenges
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Response: Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh (<i>Diabetes Metab J</i>2015;39:218-29)

We appreciate your Interest and comments on our article entitled Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh which was published in Diabetes Metab J [1].

First, it is a very different finding to get a high prevalence of depression among our rural people where the national data says the depression level is 4.6% only [2]. But you know truth is not the fact. So, we (Bangladesh Diabetic Association) kept continuous research at that particular place. And for your kind information my another paper Temporal changes in the prevalence of depression in subjects with and without diabetes in a rural area of Bangladesh [3] is the result of this. We showed that the prevalence of depression is declining there day by day, and the possible causes are discussed in the papers also.

Second, thank you for the suggestion regarding Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Of course MADRS is an epidemiological tool and we used with much caution. A highly expert psychologist (Dr. Shahin Asghar) [4] from Norway Trained the researchers and with several pilot and trial study we went for the final research.

Lastly, in general the prevalence of depression is more in female than male, but surprisingly in case of glucose abnormality there was no significant difference. Thank you for noticing the interesting fact. We shall keep these points in mind to work in future also to analyse the glycosylated hemoglobin.

We would like to thank Tomoyuki Kawada for your interest and thoughtful comments.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recent developments in the structure of high temperature oxide melts

Aerodynamic levitation with laser heating has now become a standard technique for studying the structure of oxide melts on synchrotron and neutron beamlines. Here we summarize the results of a growing number of findings that show a distinct decrease in the local cation-oxygen coordination number, for liquid state single and binary oxides, compared to their crystalline forms. This phenomenon is often correlated with a significant decrease in density upon melting and diffraction measurements show a distribution of lower coordinated polyhedra. The diffraction data allow us to refine interatomic potential parameters within molecular dynamics simulations to obtain very good agreement between the structural models and experiments. The feasibility of very high temperature experiments around and above 3000 degrees Celsius, as well as the safety aspects associated with measuring radioactive samples will be discussed. Future prospects on changing the oxidation state of high temperature oxide melts through reduction-oxidation reactions will also be considered. The photograph below shows a Uranium dioxide pellet being loaded into the aerodynamic levitator on a high energy x-ray beam line at the APS prior to melting.

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introduction

This book explores the life, thought and political commitments of the free-thinker John Toland (1670–1722). Studying both his private archive and published works, it illustrates how he moved in both subversive and elite political circles in England and abroad. The book explores the connections between Toland's republican political thought and his irreligious belief about Christian doctrine, the ecclesiastical establishment and divine revelation, arguing that far from being a marginal and insignificant figure, he counted queens, princes and government ministers as his friends and political associates. In particular, Toland's intimate relationship with the Electress Sophia of Hanover saw him act as a court philosopher, but also as a powerful publicist for the Hanoverian succession. The book argues that he shaped the republican tradition after the Glorious Revolution into a practical and politically viable programme, focused not on destroying the monarchy but on reforming public religion and the Church of England. It also examines how Toland used his social intimacy with a wide circle of men and women (ranging from Prince Eugene of Savoy to Robert Harley) to distribute his ideas in private. The book explores the connections between his erudition and print culture, arguing that his intellectual project was aimed at compromising the authority of Christian 'knowledge' as much as the political power of the Church. Overall, it illustrates how Toland's ideas and influence impacted upon English political life between the 1690s and the 1720s.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bimetallic Zwitterionic Complexes with an Ambident Stanna-<i>c</i><i>loso</i>-dodecaborate Ligand:  [1-{M(CO)<sub>5</sub>}-2,7,8-(μ-H)<sub>3</sub>-{Fe(triphos)}-SnB<sub>11</sub>H<sub>11</sub>] (M = Cr, Mo, W)

Starting from FeBr2 the zwitterionic stannaborate complex [1-{Fe(MeCN)2(triphos)}-SnB11H11] (1) could be obtained in a straightforward one-pot synthesis. Via a facile η1(Sn) to η3(BH) rearrangement reaction 1 can be converted into [2,7,8-(μ-H)3-{Fe(triphos)}-SnB11H11] (2). The nucleophilicity of the tin atom in compound 2 is strongly reduced compared to the dianionic parent stannaborate cluster [SnB11H11]2-. Methylation at the tin atom using standard methods is not feasible. Transition metal fragments can be coordinated at the tin atom of 2 if reactive species such as M(CO)5(THF) (M = Cr, Mo, W) are employed. Reaction of these fragments with 2 yields the bimetallic zwitterions [1-{M(CO)5}-2,7,8-(μ-H)3-{Fe(triphos)}-SnB11H11] (M = Cr, Mo, W) (3, 4, 5), which contain an ambident stannaborate moiety. All new compounds have been characterized using 1H, 11B, 13C, 31P, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy as well as 31P and 119Sn MAS NMR experiments. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses have been carried out for all novel compounds.

Topic: Boron Compounds in Chemistry
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hodgkin disease: contributions of chest CT in the initial staging evaluation.

Chest radiographs and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were compared in 203 patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin disease. The incidence of positive findings was tabulated from six intrathoracic lymph node groups, lung parenchyma, pericardium, pleura, and chest wall. The discordant cases were assessed to determine impact on clinical management. The CT scans provided additional evidence of disease involvement, ranging from 0% to 15% at each of the designated anatomic sites. Treatment was altered in 9.4% of all patients (19 of 203), including 13.8% (nine of 65) of those undergoing radiation therapy alone and 8.2% (ten of 122) of those undergoing combined-modality treatment. We conclude that routine chest CT examinations are valuable in the clinical management of those patients for whom radiation therapy is planned.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Experimental study of the usefulness of evoked potentials in predicting the reversibility of the brainstem function following infratentorial epidural balloon compression].

With few warnings signs, posterior fossa mass lesions can affect life-supporting brainstem systems directly and cause a precipitous failure of vital functions. Consequently, a technique, by which brainstem dysfunction could be detected at its reversible stage, would have clinical value. Recently manly reports have suggested that the evoked potentials might be advantageous in assessing a developing brainstem dysfunction and might be a more sensitive or reliable detector of deteriorating neurological function than the physical or neurological signs. To explore this possibility, we recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) serially during inflation and deflation of balloons placed in the suboccipital epidural space of cats, as a model of an acutely expanding posterior fossa lesion. The results were correlated simultaneously recorded cardiovascular and pupillary function and with supratentorial and infratentorial epidural pressure. In this study, N1 of cortical SEP (CSEP), wave IV of BAEP, and wave III of short latency SEP (SSEP) were found to be useful parameters in predicting the electrophysiological reversibility. Experimental results were as follows: 1) As the infratentorial epidural balloon was expanded, CSEP, wave IV of BAEP and wave III of SSEP showed remarkable changes both in latency and in amplitude. Decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate preceded or developed at the same time as the apparent change in CSEP. Futher expansion of the balloon resulted in Cushing phenomenon and lability of blood pressure.2) As long as wave IV of BAEP remained, and decompression was started within 15 minutes after N1 of CSEP were completely suppressed, changes in SEP. BAEP and cardiovascular function were all reversible.2+ decompression. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonlinear laser matter interaction in gas-filled antiresonant hollow-core fibers

Antiresonant hollow core fibers (ARHCF) are finding increasing applications in various fields of science and technology with their unique optical properties. This experimental work explores different properties of ARHCF like group velocity dispersion, polarization evolution of the propagating light. In-depth understanding of the novel features of ARHCF provides a new platform to study laser matter interaction in gas filled ARHCF. The thin glass strands that form the core of the fiber influence the effective refractive index at resonance wavelength, dependent on strand thickness. Significant variation in dispersion in the vicinity of the resonance spectral region is expected due to changing effective refractive index. This work records variation in group velocity dispersion of the fiber by few orders in magnitude near the resonance region. Deviations from the regular polygon geometry of the single-ring ARHCF core, during the fiber fabrication process, induce birefringence. This geometry-induced polarization dependence can significantly impact the ellipticity of the propagating light. The effect is more pronounced near the strand resonance wavelengths. The ARHCF with large changes the dispersion profile is filled with krypton gas at ~6 bars and pumped at 800 nm, close to resonance wavelength. This resulted in generation ofover three octave broad supercontinuum at an energy of ~23 J by accelerated fission process of soliton like waveforms when the spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation reaches the resonance wavelength. Such dynamics in a non-adiabatic dispersion regime is associated with the emission of multiple phase-matched Cherenkov radiation on both sides of the resonance, generating a multioctave-wide broadband output spectrum. The negative curvature ARHCFs which are transparent beyond the silica cut-off wavelength was used to generate 2.5 cycle pulses in the short-wave infrared wavelengths by pumping far from the resonance wavelength.

Topic: Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
WebPS: A Web-based P System Simulator with Query Facilities ⋆

Summary. In this paper we present an open-source web-enabled simulator for P systems. We use CLIPS embedded in C, and make the simulator available as a web application, complemented by a query language to specify the results. 1

Topic: DNA and Biological Computing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Crystal structure of sulfur and selenium at pressures up to 160 GPa

Using advanced in situ X-ray diffraction techniques at high pressures and temperatures, we have resolved the long-standing problem of the phase transition sequence of sulfur in its non-metallic state. Our data show that there are only two phases of sulfur stable between 1.5 GPa and pressure of metallization of 86 GPa, S-II with triangular chain structure and S-III with novel squared chain structure. The same squared chain structure is formed in the heavier group-VI element Se at pressures of 20 GPa and temperatures of 450 K. Our X-ray diffraction data on metallic phases of sulfur above 83 GPa show that the S-IV phase has an incommensurately modulated monoclinic structure, the same as recently reported modulated structures of Te-III and Se-IV. S-IV is shown to transform to primitive rhombohedral β-Po phase at 153(3) GPa, the same transition is found in Se at pressure of around 80 GPa.

Topic: High-pressure geophysics and materials
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR MULTIVARIATE RESIDUAL COPULA OF GARCH MODELS

Recently a flexible class of semiparametric copula-based multivariate GARCH models has been proposed to quantify multivariate risks, in which uni- variate GARCH models are used to capture the dynamics of individual financial series, and parametric copulas are used to model the contemporaneous dependence among GARCH residuals with nonparametric marginals. In this paper we address two questions regarding statistical inference for this class of models. (1) Under what mild sufficient conditions is the asymptotic distribution of the pseudo max- imum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the residual copula parameter of Chen and Fan (2006a) justified? (2) How do we test the correct specification of a parametric copula for the GARCH residuals? In order to answer both questions rigorously, we establish a new weighted approximation for the empirical distributions of the GARCH residuals, which is of interest in its own right. Simulation studies and data examples are provided to examine the finite sample performance of the pseudo MLE of the residual copula parameter and the proposed goodness-of-fit test.

Topic: Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic Subtyping, Biofilm-Forming Ability and Biocide Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from a Ready-to-Eat Food Industry

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of special concern for ready-to-eat food producers. The control of its presence is a critical step in which food-grade sanitizers play an essential role. L. monocytogenes is believed to persist in food processing environments in biofilms, exhibiting less susceptibility to sanitizers than planktonic cells. This study aimed to test the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes in planktonic culture and biofilm to three commercial food-grade sanitizers and to benzalkonium chloride; together with the genetic subtyping of the isolates. L. monocytogenes isolates were collected from raw materials, final products and food-contact surfaces during a 6-year period from a ready-to-eat meat-producing food industry and genetically characterized. Serogrouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed genetic variability and differentiated L. monocytogenes isolates in three clusters. The biofilm-forming ability assay revealed that the isolates were weak biofilm producers. L. monocytogenes strains were susceptible both in the planktonic and biofilm form to oxidizing and ethanol-based compounds and to benzalkonium chloride, but not to quaternary ammonium compound. A positive association of biofilm-forming ability and LD90 values for quaternary ammonium compound and benzalkonium chloride was found. This study highlights the need for preventive measures improvement and for a conscious selection and use of sanitizers in food-related environments to control Listeria monocytogenes.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
F60 Q-Motor foot tapping: novel setup to increase reliability

<h3>Background</h3> Q-Motor provided reliable quantitative endpoints in TRACK-HD and several clinical trials. Finger tapping was the most sensitive assessment of disease progression and to detect treatment effects. Recently a foot tapping test was introduced to expand Q-Motor to the lower extremity. However, subjects had difficulties to properly lift the foot from the force sensor. <h3>Aims</h3> To assess the feasibility of using a novel foot tapping apparatus that requires subjects to lift their foot properly. <h3>Methods</h3> Two novel setups were constructed with the force sensor above the foot, one using a rigid (G1), one with a non-rigid bar (G2) to carry the sensor. Both setups were compared with the old setup carrying the sensor underneath the foot (G3). 6 healthy controls were asked to perform the foot tapping task on each setup on 4 consecutive days. They tapped with the foot on the force sensor as fast as possible for 10 seconds with 5 repetitions at each foot. <h3>Results</h3> The 'Tap-Speed-Inter-Onset-Interval-Mean-Foot' is the main endpoint of foot tapping. It is the average time between the start of each successive tap. A density plot showed normally distributed data only for G2 and G3, thus G1 was not analyzed further. The data showed that the new inverted test setup (G2) provided less variability and better reproducibility over time. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The novel foot tapping task is feasible and provided more reliable data. The new setup with the non-rigid bar merits further exploration in upcoming studies and should be tested in a larger cohort of subjects over longer periods.

Topic: Quality and Safety in Healthcare
Subfield: Medical Laboratory Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A new measurement of heel‐rise endurance with the ability to detect functional deficits in patients with Achilles tendon rupture

Abstract Studies evaluating treatment effects on muscle function after an Achilles tendon rupture often use various tests for evaluating calf muscle strength. However, these tests rarely demonstrate the difference between treatment groups; therefore, new tests with a higher ability to detect possible differences in outcome are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and ability to detect differences in outcome of a heel‐rise work test that would measure both the height of each heel‐rise and the number of repetitions. Seventy‐eight patients (65 men and 13 women) at a mean (standard deviation) age of 42 (9) years with Achilles tendon ruptures were included. The patients were evaluated with the new heel‐rise test at 6 and 12 months after injury. The limb symmetry index (LSI = involved/uninvolved × 100) was calculated to determine the size of the difference in function between the injured and the uninjured side. The heel‐rise height differed significantly between the injured and uninjured sides at the 6‐ and 12‐month evaluations ( P &lt; 0.001). At the 6‐month evaluation, the patients had achieved a mean LSI of 84% on the number of repetitions parameter but only a mean LSI of 61% on the work parameter. At the 12‐month evaluation the mean, LSI of the heel‐rise repetition parameter was 95%, indicating that the patients had fully recovered function, but on the work parameter the mean LSI was only 76%. The heel‐rise work test in the present study has good validity and greater ability to detect differences between the injured and the uninjured sides than a test that measures only the number of heel‐rise repetitions in patients with Achilles tendon rupture.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences