jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of low-frequency alternating magnetic field on the rheological properties, water distribution and microstructure of low-salt pork batters

The effects of different intensities of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (LF-AMF) modification on gel characteristics, rheology, water distribution, secondary structure and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that application of LF-AMF exhibited a significant improvement of the water-holding capacity, gel strength, color, textural properties and acceptability of low-salt pork batter gels (P < 0.05). When the LF-AMF intensity reached 0.6 mT, the low-salt pork batters had the highest WHC, L*, gel strength, hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness and acceptability (P < 0.05). During the temperature (sample heated from 20 to 80 °C) and frequency (0–10 Hz) sweep, the storage modulus G′ first increased and then decreased with increasing of LF-AMF intensity. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) showed that LF-AMF at an intensity of 0.6 mT shortened the T2 relaxation time of pork batter gel and increased the proportion of immobilized water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that LF-AMF treatment significantly induced an increase of β-sheet structure and reduction of α-helix content in pork batter gels (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that LF-AMF contributed to the formation of pork batter gels with a more uniform and orderly network structure.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Necrosequestrectomy in severe forms of necrotic pancreatitis].

The authors describe their experience in the surgical treatment of 139 patients with critical forms of necrotic pancreatitis. Operations were fulfilled in 137 of 139 patients. Two non-operated patients died. The article describes in detail the operative technique depending on the character, volume and type of development of the necrotic process. The lowest lethality followed operations in the phase of melting and sequestration due to timely necrosequestrectomy.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accountability systems and instructional approaches in youth volleyball training.

The purpose of this study was to examine accountability systems operating in youth volleyball training sessions and to understand how those systems vary according to the instructional tasks and the nature of the information provided by coaches. Additionally, the interactive effect of the players' age group on accountability systems and instructional tasks will be inspected. Twenty-eight youth volleyball coaches (for under 14s and under 18s) were observed, one training session each. Systematic observation strategies were used to describe and analyse task presentation and task structure during practice. Results convey that the accountability systems implemented by coaches were mainly implicit and governed by opportunity rather than explicit performance criteria imparted in task presentation. Remarks on the quality of performance only occurred during ongoing practice. More often than not coaches showed no reaction when athletes did not accomplish the tasks, failing to convey consequential expectancy-demand-monitoring messages. The instructional approach was predominantly composed of informing tasks, of technical nature and general information, which can reflect a technique and generalist coach profile. These results indicate the presence of weak and ambiguous accountability system, also corroborated by positive correlations of extending tasks with the category without exigency task presentation as well as with no reaction to unaccomplished tasks. There were no notorious differences in accountability behaviours between players' age group. Key pointsAccountability systems implemented by coaches were mainly implicit and governed by opportunity rather than explicit performance criteria imparted in task presentation. Only during practice, coaches remark the performance quality, followed by participation/effort.The instructional approach was predominantly composed of informing tasks, of technical nature and general information, which can reflect a technique and generalist coach profile.In general, coaches did not differentiate accountability behaviours according to the players' age group.

Topic: Physical Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Coins Of Herod The Great In The Context Of The Augustan Empire

Two of Herods bronze coin series are thought to relate to historical milestones in Herods relationship to Augustus. This chapter concentrates on Herods large diadem/table type, minted in Jerusalem, and his year-three coins, thought by many to have been minted in Samaria. Most of Herods coinage was struck for purely economic reasons, to make fractional currency available both for Herods standing army and for the labourers employed in his extensive building activities. The chapter considers another functionperhaps new for Judeafor the minting of the coins of Herod, as celebratory handouts, in the spirit of Roman institutions of congiaria and donativa . Herods year-three coins may also have been minted for a congiarium . If they dated, as is generally accepted, to around 37 BCE, they celebrated Herods conquest of Jerusalem. The chapter focuses on what intersections one may find between Herods coins and events relating to Augustus, or Augustan policy and iconography. Keywords: Augustan Empire; building activities; congiaria ; congiarium ; donativa ; Herods coins; iconography; Jerusalem; year-three coins

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
DIMENSION OF AUTONOMOUS LEARNING AND LEVEL OF LEARNER AUTONOMY CORRELATES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

The autonomy among learners becomes particularly crucial in today’s learning as the new normal situation transforms the education in the Philippines. This study aimed to determine the perception of the students on the dimension of autonomous learning and their perceived level of autonomy on their teacher’s aims and requirements, establishing study goals and plan, learning strategy’s implementation, ability to monitor the usage of learning strategies and English learning process. This study also measured the English language proficiency of the students. Moreover, this study attempted to correlate the perception of the students’ dimension of autonomous learning and the level of learner autonomy to their English language proficiency in the subcomponents such as grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The study utilized a descriptive and correlational research design specifically quantitative methods with the survey questionnaires and proficiency test to gather data among FAITH Fidelis Senior high school students from Darasa, Tanauan Batangas. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the dimension of autonomous learning as to responsibility and English language proficiency. The result indicates that students still rely the responsibility on their teacher when learning grammar and vocabulary in English. Also, it was found out that the perceived level of learner autonomy and English language proficiency has no significant relationship. The results implies that respondents’ perception on their level of autonomy is not an indicator of their success in English language proficiency.

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Repeatability and Practical Ergodicity of 2D Sloshing Experiments

The present paper focuses on the statistical analysis of impact pressure peaks registers in 2-D harmonic motion model scale sloshing experiments. A series of 100 experiments each comprising about 100 impact events has been conducted, seeking the highest feasible repeatability. The statistical analysis focuses on the ensemble distribution of the maximum pressure during these impact events. Particular attention is given to the time domain evolution of such distributions, in order to separate stochastic transient from stochastic steady state. Statistical characteristics of impact pressure for different peaks are discussed in the ensemble domain. Particular attention is given to the connection between the characteristics of the ensemble distribution of impact pressure and the process of CFD validation. Finally, the (practical) ergodicity of the process is dealt with by checking to what extent steady state ensemble statistical information can be obtained from a single long run experiment.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
O glasbeni terminologiji pri pouku glasbene teorije in kompozicije / Some Thoughts on Musical Terminology at Musical Theory, Composition and Counterpoint Teaching

Traditionally, music can be divided into musical theory, composition and musical performance. For an in-depth understanding, appropriate terminology is required, also in the Slovene language. Like all European nations, Slovenes based their musical terminology mainly and directly on the Greek and Latin languages, or otherwise indirectly, primarily through the German and Italian languages. The development of a relatively young Slovenian terminology is closely linked to music education. In his paper, the author briefly mentions some facts about musical terminology in general and some facts about Slovenian musical terminology. Today, it is quite comparable to foreign ones, but we face a number of translation and terminological challenges. Some of these challenges, found in the instruction of composition, musical theory and counterpoint, are also presented in the article. The success of musical theory and terminology is, after all, featured in musical practice.

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Beyond Spontaneity

This article argues for the analytical potentials of the concept of spontaneity in our effort to understand critically the socio-spatial dynamics of Athens, but especially the contemporary collective protest actions in the city. Such critical understanding emerges as a significant task given the current urgency to grasp the capitalist crisis and the collective reactions to it. However, taking into account the re-configuration of extreme-Right violence in the streets of Athens, the article attempts to revisit the Marxist dichotomy between spontaneity and non-spontaneity. Via an anthropological critique of this distinction, the paper suggests an additional point of focus beyond spontaneity.

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rethinking the Imbrication of Orality and Literacy: Historical Discourse in Early Modern Makassar

In the sixteenth century, Makassarese in the South Sulawesi courts of Gowa and Talloq began to write. What they chose to write were historical texts that chronicled their origins and preserved the words of their ancestors. Scholars once knew how to make sense of such an event: it could not be but a watershed, a fundamental change or turning point of the first magnitude. Such is the nature of what we liked to call the “transition from orality to literacy,” yet more careful examinations have suggested that this confidence in the very idea of a shift from orality to literacy was misplaced. Literacy and orality are not states of being that are simply manifested in places like Makassar. This article extends the efforts of scholars to grapple with the considerable overlap, symbiosis, and exchange that seem to characterize a boundary once believed to demarcate firmly orality and literacy. Considerable work has gone into documenting the inadequacy of trying to delineate what formal characteristics mark oral and literate productions. For example, Wendy Doniger notes that it is only when we distinguish among texts that were composed orally, preserved orally, or performed orally “that we begin to glimpse the complexity of the problem” (1991, 31). Similarly, what should we do about traditions such as Javanese wayang in which oral performances are based on stories in texts, even though few puppeteers own, consult, or have even seen the written texts (Sears 1996)?

Topic: Media, Communication, and Education
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Skin-Health Monitoring system using a Wireless Body Area Network

A new class of sensing paradigm known as lab-on-skin where stretchable and flexible smart sensor devices are integrated into the skin, provides direct monitoring and diagnostic interfaces to the body. Distributed lab-on-skin wireless sensors have the ability to provide continuous long term assessment of the skin health. This paper proposes a distributed skin health monitoring system using a wireless body area network. The system is responsive to the dynamic changes in the skin health, and remotely reports on the same. The proposed algorithm detects the abnormal skin and creates an energy efficient data aggregation tree covering the affected area while putting the unnecessary sensors to sleep mode. The algorithm responds to the changing conditions of the skin by dynamically adapting the size and shape of the monitoring trees to that of the abnormal skin areas thus providing a comprehensive monitoring. Simulation results demonstrate the application and utility of the proposed algorithm for changing wound shapes and sizes.

Topic: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dates from Tsegi and Nalakihu

In Vol. I, No. 1, 1934, (1) issue of the Tree Ring Bulletin, and in. Vol. II, No. 4, (2) of the same periodical, a report was made on dates from several sites located in the Tsegi Canyon and its branches. This material was collected by Lyndon L. Hargrave and party, as members of the Rainbow Bridge- Monument Valley Expenditions of 1934 and 1935 (3). This year, (1936), additional material was collected by Hargrave while a member of the same party. Only one site, N.A. 2536, was visited, and from the material collected here eight additional specimens were readily dated. This site, N.A. 2536, is known as &amp;quot;Twin Caves Pueblo, &amp;quot; and belongs to the Pueblo III culture stage, it being a large Cliv Pueblo. Pottery types

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Perspectives on what schools and mental health services can do about bullying of adolescents with severe emotional health conditions

Despite evidence identifying bullying as leading to severe distress, few studies have focused on bullied adolescents with existing mental health conditions. With increasing prevalence rates, it is necessary to understand how these adolescents can be better safeguarded. To address the issue, this study reports the rarely conveyed viewpoints of adolescents attending mental health services; clinically diagnosed with severe emotional conditions. To complement these perspectives, the viewpoints of their parents and teachers were also obtained. Thematic analysis identified school bullying as a serious stressor, contributing to and exacerbating their mental health need. They were prone to be trapped in a cycle of victimisation, complicated further by their preference for secrecy. Adolescents and their parents felt bullying problems could be appropriately managed if school staff were better tuned into the subtle signs of bullying, and managed disclosure more sensitively by working collaboratively with them and their assigned mental health practitioner. Recommendations were, a need for staff to better detect bullying distress and strengthen multi-agency links when bullying is suspected, to ensure quick, proactive intervention. Furthermore, schools could consider amalgamating the bullying and mental health whole school approaches, due to the intrinsic links between bullying and mental health.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Vitality and Coping With Rules: A Qualitative Research Study Among Primary School Teachers

This interview-based study investigates how primary school teachers cope with rules to maintain their vitality. It is important to understand how teachers can keep their vitality high as they play an important role in the development of future generations. This study categorized teachers into four groups based on their experience of rules (few or many) and their vitality (high or low): (a) resilient, (b) affected, (c) untroubled, and (d) decoupled. Then the coping strategies these groups used to cope with rules to maintain vitality were studied. It seems that the resilient group of teachers is able to maintain vitality by using different coping styles. Consequently, if teachers became more aware of the coping strategies they could adopt, for example, through coping training, this could help them to maintain their vitality.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards Privacy-Preserving Vehicle Digital Forensics: A Blockchain Approach

Vehicle digital forensics (VDF), encompasses the investigation of digital evidence related to vehicles, plays a crucial role in modern transportation systems, aiding in accident investigations, crime detection, and ensuring road safety. However, the need to collect data for such investigations has exacerbated privacy concerns, as sensitive vehicular data is susceptible to unauthorized access and exploitation. While blockchain technology has been explored in the literature to address these challenges, existing techniques often prioritize user anonymity over data unlinkability, limiting their effectiveness in preserving privacy. In response, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-based networking strategy for VDF, aiming to achieve both user anonymity and data unlinkability concurrently. By lever-aging group signatures and secure communication protocols, the proposed strategy ensures the integrity of vehicular data while mitigating privacy risks. Performance evaluations demonstrate the efficacy of the strategy in terms of computation and communication overheads, while comparative analyses highlight its superiority over existing approaches in terms of privacy preservation and security.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
City checking: Piloting the UK's first community‐based drug safety testing (<i>drug checking</i>) service in 2 city centres

Aims To explore the feasibility of delivering community‐based drug safety testing ( drug checking ), to trial service design characteristics and to compare with festival‐based testing. Methods In total, 171 substances of concern were submitted on 5 dates at 3 venues in 2 UK cities and tested using up to 6 analytical techniques. Test results and harm reduction advice were distributed directly to over 200 service users through 144 tailored healthcare consultations, to stakeholders, and through early warning systems, media and social media alerts. Results The 171 samples were submitted and identified as MDMA (43.3%), cocaine (12.9%), ketamine (12.9%), various psychedelics submitted by students, and heroin and a synthetic cannabinoid submitted by rough sleeping communities, with 76% of samples' test results as expected. The 144 primary service users identified as 91.7% white, 68.1% male, with an average age of 26.7 years. Reported harm reduction intentions included alerting friends and acquaintances (37.5%), being more careful mixing that substance (35.4%), lowered dosage (27.8%), disposal of further substances (6.9%) and additionally 2.8% handed over further substances for verified destruction. Conclusion Community‐based drug safety testing ( drug checking ) was piloted for the first time in the UK—within a drugs service, a community centre and a church—with consideration given to meso‐level operational feasibility and micro‐level behavioural outcomes. Service design characteristics such as venue, day of week, prior publicity, service provider, and direct and indirect dissemination of results all may impact on outcomes. Future studies should consider cost–benefit analyses of community and event‐based testing and context‐appropriate macro, meso and micro‐level evaluations.

Topic: HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interpolation Problem for Stationary Sequences with Missing Observations

&lt;p&gt;The problem of the mean-square optimal estimation of the linear functional $A_s\\xi=\\sum\\limits_{l=0}^{s-1}\\sum\\limits_{j=M_l}^{M_l+N_{l+1}}a(j)\\xi(j),$ $M_l=\\sum\\limits_{k=0}^l (N_k+K_k),$ \\, $N_0=K_0=0,$ which depends on the unknown values of a stochastic stationary sequence $\\xi(k)$ from observations of the sequence at points of time $j\\in\\mathbb{Z}\\backslash S $, $S=\\bigcup\\limits_{l=0}^{s-1}\\{ M_{l}, M_{l}+1, \\ldots, M_{l}+N_{l+1} \\}$ is considered. Formulas for calculating the mean-square error and the spectral characteristic of the optimal linear estimate of the functional are derived under the condition of spectral certainty, where the spectral density of the sequence $\\xi(j)$ is exactly known. The minimax (robust) method of estimation is applied in the case where the spectral density is not known exactly, but sets of admissible spectral densities are given. Formulas that determine the least favorable spectral densities and the minimax spectral characteristics are derived for some special sets of admissible densities.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Statistical and numerical algorithms
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sources of legal cynicism among students in China: the role of Western popular culture and social attachment

Previous research has suggested that the presence of subcultures, particularly in minority neighborhoods, can be a major source of legal cynicism, a concept referring to a cynical view of the criminal justice system and the law. The purpose of this paper is to examine the sources of legal cynicism among middle school students in China, a cultural setting that is distinctively different from the US, which has so far been the focus of most analyses. More specifically, it examines the effects of hypothesized factors on legal cynicism reported in earlier studies, which have relied on subculture and bonding theories. The data were gathered from 30 schools in China all of which are home to large populations of ethnic minority students. The primary findings suggest that the influence of Western popular culture, being attributed the label ‘fan of Western popular culture,’ and attachment to family and school, are significant predictors of legal cynicism. The effects, however, of these two groups of variables differ significantly.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences