jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on Parameters Selection for Phase Space Reconstruction of Aerial Target

For extracting the nonlinear and chaotic features of aerial target,nonlinear time series analysis was considered for the target signal,and the first step was phase space reconstruction.Selection of the optimal delay time and embedding dimension parameters was the key based on Takens theorem.Mutual information method and correlation integral method were presented to get the two optimal parameters.Take typical chaotic signal and measured target noise data as study objects,simulation results show that the reconstructed phase space is accurate and effective based on the selected parameters from this method.It can response characteristics of the original chaotic system effectively,and makes a good preparation for the next study of nonlinear features extraction for target signal.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Matrix as a Tool for Risk Analysis in Underwater Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry

The study is a cross-sectional design assessment of the likelihood, frequency and severity of hazards associated with underwater operations in the Niger Delta. Five oil and gas companies were used for this study selected by a purposive method given that they had the highest number of workers involved in underwater operations. A sample size of 418 was computed to which the questionnaires were administered with response rate of 95.93%. Data analyses were carried out to cover descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearsonal correlation coefficients. The 4 by 4 risk assessment matrix for the likelihood and consequences showed that 8 out of 20 underwater hazards were categorized as having very high risk according to their risk ratings. The eight hazards categorized based on their risk IDs were H01, H03, H04, H08, H10, H11, H12, and H15. The 4 by 4 risk matrix for frequency and consequences revealed that two hazards (Piracy & bandit attack/kidnapping (H01) and Other main vessels/heavy object dropping or falling load/collision (H08)) were identified to be of very high risk.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fusion of integrated multisensor data for tool wear monitoring

This paper introduces the concepts of data fusion and multisensor integration and highlights the inherent suitability of artificial neural networks for such tasks. The problem of on-line tool wear monitoring in turning operations is approached by applying a three layer backpropagation network for fusion of three machining performance indicating features. After training, the network was capable of classifying previously unseen data into five discrete categories of flank wear.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computational intelligence methods for process control: fed-batch fermentation application

In current study, the ability of computational intelligence methods to tackle modern control problems is under observation. In particular, two computational intelligence techniques belonging to different algorithm families are reviewed, refined and applied to a benchmark fed-batch fermentation process – a linguistic inversion method that designs the controller through automated analysis of information encapsulated in fuzzy linguistic rules of the process model and an evolutionary computation approach that complements its search capabilities with a human critic that guides the optimisation process. The results in terms of productivity measures that compare very favourably to reported results available from literature strongly suggest that in conditions (i.e. presence of noise, parameter variation and randomness) that resemble real-life situations, approximate techniques have an edge over more or less conventional optimisation methods as being more robust and more effective in knowledge discovery.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The <i>Impairment of Osmoregulation</i> in the Rat Offsprings of Hyperadiuretic Mothers Is Probably of Renal Nature<sup>2</sup>)

Experimental hyperadiuretism in pregnant rats was induced by applying them daily throughout the pregnancy a synthetic analogue of vasopressin--dDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin). It brought about a moderate alteration in the ability to produce hypertonic urine in their offsprings. The osmoregulatory function in the offsprings in the course of fetal development could have been suppressed either by a direct or an indirect effect of dDAVP i.e. by the hypotonicity of mothers' internal environment. There is by now some evidence based on the simultaneous determination of urinary vasopressin and osmolality that the impairment of the osmoregulatory function may be, at least partly, on the renal level.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Embolization of the meningohypophyseal trunk as a cause of diabetes insipidus.

We present an unusual case of diabetes insipidus occurring after selective embolization of 50% dextrose and pure ethanol into an enlarged left meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) supplying a dural carotid cavernous fistula. The inferior hypophyseal artery was not opacified during the selective preembolization MHT injection; however, diabetes insipidus developed abruptly a few hours after the procedure. The patient required intranasal 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin for approximately 3 months, after which his symptoms resolved. The hazards of using liquid embolic agents, especially ethanol, in the cavernous branches of the internal carotid artery should always be borne in mind.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Sage without a stage: A cultural historical activity theory perspective on E-teaching in web-based, high-school classrooms

This paper reports on a study that uses cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to make sense of e-teachers‟ activity in a context of high-school distance education. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 13 e-teachers as well as seven management and support personnel in an organization responsible for the design and delivery of high-school distance education in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As well, the authors conducted a second round of interviews with 12 of the 13 teachers. Findings revealed that the traditional metaphor of teacher as „sage on the stage‟ ceased to have a reference point in the distributed online classroom. The e-teachers were widening the object of their activity to include less teacher-centered forms of learning that involved more student independence.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Fixation of nonunion of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the femur with semicircular dynamic locked intramedullary nail].

From Oct. 1994 to Dec. 1996, 15 nonunions of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the femur due to previous osteomyelitis and pathologic fracture and/or failed internal fixation were treated with semicircular dynamic locked intramedullary nail (SDLIN). SDLIN was composed of a lateral and a medial nail, both of them were inserted into the medullary canal 1.5 cm above the epiphyseal line, and the tails were connected together by a bolt. All the 15 cases used iliac bone autograft for the defect. Follow-uped for an average of 16.3 months, all of them were healed in an average of 4.8 months, and excellent and good results were obtained in 86.7%. The results suggest that the SDLIN is effective and convenient for the fixation of the refractory nonunion of pediatric middle and distal shaft of the Femur.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A [70]Fullerene Chloride, C<sub>70</sub>Cl<sub>16</sub>, Obtained by the Attempted Bromination of C<sub>70</sub> in TiCl<sub>4</sub>

Tales of the unexpected: The [70]fullerene chloride C70Cl16 resulted from the reaction of [70]fullerene with a mixture of Br2 and TiCl4. A single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study revealed the presence of two isomers of C70Cl16, both containing a belt of ten chlorine atoms around the equator and a skew pyramidal cap of six chlorine atoms on the pole of the C70Cl16 molecule (see picture).

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrical control of spin dynamics in finite one-dimensional systems

We investigate the possibility of the electrical control of spin transfer in monoatomic chains incorporating spin-impurities. Our theoretical framework is the mixed quantum-classical (Ehrenfest) description of the spin dynamics, in the spirit of the s-d-model, where the itinerant electrons are described by a tight-binding model while localized spins are treated classically. Our main focus is on the dynamical exchange interaction between two well-separated spins. This can be quantified by the transfer of excitations in the form of transverse spin oscillations. We systematically study the effect of an electrostatic gate bias V_g on the interconnecting channel and we map out the long-range dynamical spin transfer as a function of V_g. We identify regions of V_g giving rise to significant amplification of the spin transmission at low frequencies and relate this to the electronic structure of the channel.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Focused Attention, Reaction Time, and Reactive Agility in Football Referees: A Cognitive and Physical-Based Comparison

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the focused attention, reaction time and reactive agility performances of the referees. Method: 76 male referees (38 referees, 38 assistant referees) participated in the study. In the study, Stroop Focused attention test was used to determine the attention performance of the referees, computerized reaction test was used to determine their response performance, and reactive agility test was used to determine the reactive agility performance. The data were analyzed with SPSS, and after the descriptive statistics, the normal distribution was checked, and the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, height, weight, BMI, general scores of the attention test, and response time (p&gt;0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the error and correction scores in Card 1 and Card 3 and the reactive agility time (p

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine neurotoxicity: Influence on the expression of α‐synuclein and ERp57 in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear in spite of extensive investigations. It has been hypothesized that 5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine (CysDA), a catechol‐thioether metabolite of dopamine (DA), could be an endogenous parkinsonian neurotoxin. To gain further insight into its role in the neurodegenerative process, both CD1 mice and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with CysDA, and the data were compared with those obtained by the use of 6‐hydroxydopamine, a well‐known parkinsonian mimetic. Intrastriatal injection of CysDA in CD1 mice caused a long‐lasting depletion of DA, providing evidence of in vivo neurotoxicity of CysDA. Both in mice and in SH‐SY5Y cells, CysDA treatment induced extensive oxidative stress, as evidenced by protein carbonylation and glutathione depletion, and affected the expression of two proteins, α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and ERp57, whose levels are modulated by oxidative insult. Real‐time PCR experiments support these findings, indicating an upregulation of both ERp57 and α‐Syn expression. α‐Syn aggregation was also found to be modulated by CysDA treatment. The present work provides a solid background sustaining the hypothesis that CysDA is involved in parkinsonian neurodegeneration by inducing extensive oxidative stress and protein aggregation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fuzzy n-person cooperative games

We will examine n-person cooperative games under fuzzy environments in this chapter. In noncooperative games, there is not much difference between twoperson games and n-person games. However, in cooperative games, coalitions are organized by group agreement among some or all of the players and many coalitions are possible in the n-person case, while there is only one possible coalition in the two-person case. Thus, the n-person case is mainly treated for analysis of cooperative games. For conventional n-person cooperative games, a coalition is defined as any nonempty subset of the set of all players, making the number of possible coalitions at most 2n — 1, which includes one-person coalitions. Any player participating in a coalition must accept completely the decisions of the coalition; that is, a coalition behaves like an individual decision maker.

Topic: Game Theory and Voting Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Apical membrane potassium conductance in guinea pig gallbladder epithelial cells

The fractional resistance of the apical membrane (fRa) of guinea pig gallbladder epithelial cells was observed to vary with changes in apical membrane potential (Va). Depolarizing Va from a base-line potential of -60 to -30 mV decreased fRa from 0.79 +/- 0.03 to 0.59 +/- 0.05. A comparable hyperpolarization had no effect on fRa. The potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) inhibited the changes in fRa induced by voltage when added to the mucosal but not when added to the serosal solution. Mucosal addition of Ba2+ and decreased pH also inhibited changes in fRa, whereas quinidine and 4-amino-pyridine did not. These results indicate that an increase in the K+ conductance of the apical membrane is responsible for changes in fRa with membrane depolarization. The current-voltage relation of this TEA-sensitive pathway was determined from differences in transepithelial current in the presence and absence of maximally effective concentrations of TEA and analyzed with respect to the Goldman constant-field equation. Computer-generated, best-fit analysis to the data indicated that they cannot be easily reconciled with K+ movement through a voltage-independent pathway or channel. Taken together, the results suggest that activation of a voltage-dependent K+ conductance in the apical membrane is responsible for changes in fRa with Va. This conductance also appears to be Ca2+-sensitive as ionomycin caused a shift in the relation between Va and fRa.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Auslander-Reiten sequences, Brown-Comenetz duality, and the $K(n)$-local\n generating hypothesis

In this paper, we construct a version of Auslander-Reiten sequences for the\n$K(n)$-local stable homotopy category. In particular, the role of the\nAuslander-Reiten translation is played by the local Brown-Comenetz duality\nfunctor. As an application, we produce counterexamples to the $K(n)$-local\ngenerating hypothesis for all heights $n&gt;0$ and all primes. Furthermore, our\nmethods apply to other triangulated categories, as for example the derived\ncategory of quasi-coherent sheaves on a smooth projective scheme.\n

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two Receptor Interaction Domains in the Corepressor, N-CoR/RIP13, Are Required for an Efficient Interaction with Rev-erbA  and RVR: Physical Association is Dependent on the E Region of the Orphan Receptors

Rev-erbA alpha and RVR/Rev-erb beta/BD73 are orphan steroid receptors that have no known ligands in the 'classical sense'. These 'orphans' do not activate transcription, but function as dominant transcriptional silencers. The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) act as transcriptional silencers by binding corepressors (e.g. N-CoR/RIP13 and SMRT/TRAC-2) in the absence of ligands. The molecular basis of repression by orphan receptors, however, remains obscure, and it is unclear whether these corepressors mediate transcriptional silencing by Rev-erbA alpha and RVR. Recently, two new variants of N-CoR have been described, RIP13a and RIP13delta1. The characterisation of these splice variants has identified a second receptor interaction domain (ID-II), in addition to the previously characterised interaction domain (ID-I). This investigation utilised the mammalian two hybrid system and transfection analysis to demonstrate that Rev-erbA alpha and RVR will not efficiently interact with either ID-I or ID-II separately from RIP13a or RIP13delta1. However, they interact efficiently with a domain composed of ID-I and ID-II from RIP13a. Interestingly, the interaction of Rev-erbA alpha and RVR is strongest with ID-I and ID-II from RIP13delta1. Detailed deletion analysis of the orphan receptor interaction with RIP13/N-CoR rigorously demonstrated that the physical association was critically dependent on an intact E region of Rev-erbA alpha and RVR. Over-expression of the corepressor interaction domains (i.e. dominant negative forms of N-CoR/RIP13) could alleviate orphan receptor-mediated repression of transactivation by GALVP16. This demonstrated that these regions could function as anti-repressors. In conclusion, these data from two independent approaches demonstrate that repression by Rev-erbA alpha and RVR is mediated by an interaction of ID-I and ID-II of N-CoR, RIP13a and delta1 with the putative ligand binding domain of the orphan receptors.

Topic: Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Brain potentials reveal how emotion filters native language access when bilinguals read words in their second language

Abstract It is now well established that reading words in a second language (L2) automatically activates native language (L1) translations in bilinguals. Although there is evidence that access to such representations is inhibited when words have a negative emotional valence, the mechanism underlying such inhibition is elusive, and it is unknown whether inhibition arises online as L2 is being processed or whether negative valence affects subsequent L1 processing. Here, we recorded event-related brain potentials in Chinese-English bilinguals engaged in an implicit translation-priming paradigm involving L2 (English) word pairs. Participants performed a semantic relatedness task, unaware that word pairs could conceal a sound repetition if translated into Chinese. When emotional valence was manipulated in prime position (first word), we observed form repetition priming through L1 translations for positive but not for negative words. However, when emotional valence was manipulated in target position (second word), priming occurred for both positive and negative word valences. This result begins to elucidate the mechanism by which emotion regulates language processing in bilinguals: Negative words in L2 induce a refractory period during which cross-language lexical access is blocked. These findings show that despite being neuroanatomically distinct in the human brain, emotional (limbic) regulation systems can penetrate language processing.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Jewish Destiny in the Novels of Albert Cohen

The unity of Cohen's novels is due to their common theme of Jewish destiny. This is traced in the lives of the Valeureux and of Solal. The Valeureux are caricatures of the Jew, and demonstrate that Jewish identity and destiny are imposed by others. Their lives are precarious because Jews are always persecuted, a message also conveyed by other persecuted characters and by Cohen's direct interventions. But the Valeureux cling to their Jewishness and exalt their religion because it teaches the need to tame man's instincts. Solal seeks success in Gentile society, but learns it is a cruel society that exploits man's instincts. He is sickened by the hypocrisy of this society, by its frivolity and by the realisation that death makes all ambition pointless. Unable to escape his Jewish background, he defends Jewish victims of Hitler, and is ostracised. He now encounters the same fate as other Jews and becomes a victim of anti-Semitism. He finally commits suicide. Neither the Valeureux nor Solal have the solution to anti-Semitism, which Cohen sees only in the State of Israel. But, while seeing Israel as the solution, Cohen is interested mainly in Jews like the Valeureux, who have preserved the Jewish identity for centuries.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Trade-Off between Treatment of Early Prostate Cancer and Incidence of Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Prostate Screening Era

Prostate specific antigen screening has led to an additional diagnosis of 5.8 cases of early stage cancer and 3.9 cases receiving treatment for early cancer for every 1 less case of stage IV disease at initial diagnosis. This ratio represents the worst-case scenario for overtreatment and provides a quantitative basis for studying the effect of prostate specific antigen screening.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of Nandrolone Decanoate on the frequency and concentration of satellite cells in skeletal muscle

Nandrolone Decanoate is the most commonly used steroid to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength. However, little is known of its effect on satellite cells (SCs) which permit muscle growth and regeneration by becoming new myonuclei. We hypothesize that Nandrolone will increase the frequency (SCs/SCs+myonuclei) and concentration (number of SCs/plasmalemma surface area) of SCs as a mechanism of inducing hypertrophy. The Nandrolone group (n=4) was injected (30 mg) at weekly intervals into the left pectoralis muscle of female white leghorn chickens aged 63 days post‐hatch. The control group (n=4) received saline. After four weeks the pectoralis of each bird was excised and weighted, and samples removed. An antibody against Pax7 was used to identify SC nuclei. Applying immunocytochemical techniques and computer image analyses, fiber sizes and numbers of SCs and myonuclei were quantified. There was an approximate 24% increase in the fiber diameter. Also, the frequency and concentration SCs were significantly ( P &lt;0.05) increased in the Nandrolone compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that Nandrolone induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with increased SC frequency and concentration. A Discovery Grant awarded to BWCR from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada provided funds for this study.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences