jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bush, ridge, rove &amp; the creation of the Department of Homeland Security

In June 2002, President George W. Bush asked Congress to create a Department of Homeland Security to better protect the United States against further terrorist attacks. The public service reorganization that has taken place is perhaps the largest in American history apart from the post-World War II armed forces restructuring. But it remains to be seen whether this initiative will be effective. This thesis is an analysis of the factors at play in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. It focuses on how the department came about, and what challenges, both political and bureaucratic, those who administer and manage the department will face. The thesis relies upon existing public management and bureaucratic theory literature to assess the new department. It also analyzes the Bush administration's governing style and their execution of presidential power. In particular, it discusses the role played by Bush's chief strategist Karl Rove in forging the new department. The Department of Homeland Security is not only a timely topic and one that allows for investigation of the federal U.S. public service but it is also about reinventing government, not through small endeavours internal to a department, but through the creation of a new and large organization.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of using thermocouples to measure char particle temperature in a fluidized bed combustor

Circulating fluidized bed can be applied in several methods of CO2 capture. In oxy-combustion the fuel particle temperature can peak in the regions near the entrance with high oxygen concentration, being a critical factor. To study this aspect, techniques to measure fuel particle temperature have been developed mainly based of thermocouples, where it is usually assumed that the thermocouple does not affect the movement of the fuel particle, although there is no rigorous evidence. In the present paper this aspect is studied by comparing the temperature of char particles with and without an embedded thermocouple (with 0.25 and 0.5 mm sheath diameters). Char particles (10 mm) are burnt in a laboratory fluidized bed made in quartz, allowing visual observation of the particles. The surface temperature is measured by pyrometry coupled to a digital camera at the same time as the particle’s temperature is recorded by a thermocouple. The temperature of a char particle fluidized with an embedded thermocouple is shown to be higher than that of a freely fluidized char particle, and its burnout time is shorter. This is because the fluidization with a thermocouple makes the char particle sink in the bed, increasing its residence time in the bubble phase compared to the freely fluidized particle. Besides, this work shows how the pyrometry technique is able to track the size and movement of a particle and its surface temperature gradients during conversion, improving the data collected with this method as compared to other measurement techniques.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computation of generalized stress intensity factors for bonded elastic structures

We consider coupled structures consisting of two different linear elastic materials bonded along an interface. The material discontinuities combined with geometrical peculiarities of the outer boundary lead to unbounded stresses. The mathematical analysis of the singular behaviour of the elastic fields, especially near points where the interface meets the outer boundary, can be carried out by means of asymptotic expansions with respect to the distance from the geometrical and structural singularities. The coefficients in the asymptotics which are called generalized stress intensity factors play an important role in classical fracture criteria. In this paper we present several formulas for the generalized stress intensity factors for coupled elastic structures. The formulas have the form of scalar products or convolution integrals of the given data or the unknown displacement field and the so-called weight functions, similar to Maz'ya/Plamenevsky functionals introduced in [13, 14] for elliptic boundary value problems. The weight functions are non-energetic elastic fields, which admit a decomposition into a known singular part and a more regular one, which is computed by boundary element domain decomposition methods. (orig.)

Topic: Numerical methods in engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
OPEN ACCESS SN Clique Approach for Networks: Applications for Coauthorship Networks

Copyright © 2014 Marcos Grilo Rosa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Li-cense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accordance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intel-lectual property Marcos Grilo Rosa et al. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. Coauthorship networks consist of links among groups of mutually connected authors that form a clique. Classic-al approaches using Social Network Analysis indices do not account for this characteristic. We propose two new cohesion indices based on a clique approach, and we redefine the network density using an index of variance of density. We have applied these indices to two coauthorship networks, one comprising researchers that published in Mathematics Education journals and the other comprising researchers from a Computational Modeling Graduate Program. A contextualized and comparative analysis was performed to show the applicability and po-tential of the indices for analyzing social networks data.

Topic: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Supreme Court under Marshall and Taney

The Supreme Court under Marshall and Taney Get access Newmyer R. Kent. The Supreme Court under Marshall and Taney. 2nd. ed. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 2006. xii, 191 pp. $15.95. Timothy S. Huebner Timothy S. Huebner Rhodes College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 47, Issue 3, July 2005, Pages 335–337, https://doi.org/10.2307/30039536 Published: 01 July 2005

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Information System for the Needs of Service Tools and Materials (SIMAYA) in Improving the Quality of Dental and Oral Health Services

The process of managing tools and materials at the dental clinic in the area of the public health center of Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, has not been by system and is still manual, so it does not ensure the availability of data and information quickly, accurately, up-to-date, continuously, and can be accounted for. The Information System for the Needs of Tools and Service Materials (SIMAYA) is an information system that can overcome problems and improve the quality of management of tools and materials at the Dental Clinic of the Public Health Center. The purpose of this research is to produce a web- based information system for dental and oral health service equipment and materials (SIMAYA) that is feasible and effective for improving service quality and user satisfaction at the Dental Clinic of the Public Health Center. This study uses research and development (R&amp;D) methodology, a model trial using a pre-experimental design methodology. The expert validation test of SIMAYA obtained an average feasibility score of 95% which means that it is feasible as an information system for the needs of tools and materials The results of the effect size test on the aspects of information system quality (d=10.79), tool and material management (d=13.60) and user satisfaction (d=7.27) in the strong effect category means that the web- based SIMAYA model at the Dental Clinic is very effective in improving the quality of service for the needs of tools and materials at the Dental Clinic.

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Satisfaction
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
REVIEW OF METAL FUEL U-10 wt. % Zr STUDIES

The article provides a review of well-known foreign scientific publications devoted to the study of the properties of metallic nuclear fuel based on U-Zr, in composition close to U 10 wt. % Zr, which is widely used in reactors. Differences in the microstructure of fuel made by different methods: extrusion and casting - are considered. The effect of thermal annealing on the change in the microstructure of the alloy is shown. The photographs obtained using optical and electron microscopes are presented, as well as crystallographic data for two phases: α-U and δ-UZr2. The known literature data indicate that the density of uranium-rich U-Zr alloys corresponds to the rule of mixtures. The theoretical density of the alloy U-10 wt. % Zr (U-22.5 at. % Zr) should be taken as 16.2 g/cm3. The results of thermophysical studies of 10 wt. % Zr fuel using the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are presented. Data on measurements of thermal expansion of U-Zr alloys, as well as thermal conductivity are presented. Most of the thermal conductivity data are either calculated from the measured density, specific heat and thermal diffusivity, or obtained from simulations.

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling and Analysis of the Degradation and Erosion Behaviors of Biodegradable Polymer Implants

Biodegradable polymers have been used for a variety of biomedical devices since the middle of the 20th century. The researched applications have ranged from dissolvable sutures to, in more recent years, implantable scaffolds. The projected benefits of these devices come from the need for implant removal after the tissue has healed. For example, cardiovascular stents often need to be removed due to the risk of thrombosis or arterial overgrowth from prolonged implantation. In this study, the degradation and erosion behaviors of biodegradable polymeric implants is modeled and analyzed. For this work, initially dry Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) structures of varying complex geometries are examined. Constitutive equations and numerical algorithms are created to model the resulting time-dependent changes in local fluid concentrations, molecular weight loss, and monomer concentrations. This is done by taking advantage of MATLAB, a computational software. Complex geometries of multi-scale morphological features are discretized by combining several polygonal slices that capture key features of the body. Local changes in fluid concentrations, molecular weights, and monomer concentrations are presented and used to predict the degradation and erosion behaviors of polymeric implants. As the erosion takes place, the mass, volume, and geometry of the body also change. For this study, the simplified geometry of a PLGA cylinder is used to calibrate the model parameters. A realistic stent design, perforated cylinder, and indented cube are among the complex geometries modeled with the calibrated parameters. \nThese results provide proof-of-concept for the constitutive equations and give insight into both the macroscopic and local behaviors of bulk and surface erosions. This study shows that geometry has a significant effect upon the modes of macroscopic erosion and yields further understanding how localized modes of erosion can differ from the overall body.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of simulated O3 production efficiency during the KORUS-AQ campaign: Implications for anthropogenic NOx emissions in Korea

We examine O3 production and its sensitivity to precursor gases and boundary layer mixing in Korea by using a 3-D global chemistry transport model and extensive observations during the KORea-US cooperative Air Quality field study in Korea, which occurred in May–June 2016. During the campaign, observed aromatic species onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft, especially toluene, showed high mixing ratios of up to 10 ppbv, emphasizing the importance of aromatic chemistry in O3 production. To examine the role of VOCs and NOx in O3 chemistry, we first implement a detailed aromatic chemistry scheme in the model, which reduces the normalized mean bias of simulated O3 mixing ratios from –26% to –13%. Aromatic chemistry also increases the average net O3 production in Korea by 37%. Corrections of daytime PBL heights, which are overestimated in the model compared to lidar observations, increase the net O3 production rate by ~10%. In addition, increasing NOx emissions by 50% in the model shows best performance in reproducing O3 production characteristics, which implies that NOx emissions are underestimated in the current emissions inventory. Sensitivity tests show that a 30% decrease in anthropogenic NOx emissions in Korea increases the O3 production efficiency throughout the country, making rural regions ~2 times more efficient in producing O3 per NOx consumed. Simulated O3 levels overall decrease in the peninsula except for urban and other industrial areas, with the largest increase (~6 ppbv) in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). However, with simultaneous reductions in both NOx and VOCs emissions by 30%, O3 decreases in most of the country, including the SMA. This implies the importance of concurrent emission reductions for both NOx and VOCs in order to effectively reduce O3 levels in Korea.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
First considerations on post processing kinematic GNSS data during a geophysical oceanographic cruise

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;Differential GNSS positioning on vessels is of considerable interest in various fields of application as navigation aids, precision positioning for geophysical surveys or sampling purposes especially when high resolution bathymetric surveys are conducted. However ship positioning must be considered a kinematic survey with all the associated problems. The possibility of using high-precision differential GNSS receivers in navigation is of increasing interest, also due to the very recent availability of low-cost differential receivers that may soon replace classic navigation ones based on the less accurate point positioning technique. The availability of greater plano-altimetric accuracy, however, requires an increasingly better understanding of planimetric and altimetric reference systems. In particular, the results allow preliminary considerations on the congruence between terrestrial reference systems (which the GNSS survey can easily refer to) and marine reference systems (connected to National Tidegauge Network). In spite of the fluctuations due to the physiological continuous variation of the ship's attitude, GNSS plot faithfully followed the trend of the tidal variations and highlighted the shifts between GNSS plot and the tide gauges due to the different materialization of the relative reference systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChatGPT Generated Otorhinolaryngology Multiple-Choice Questions: Quality, Psychometric Properties, and Suitability for Assessments.

Objective To explore Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer's (ChatGPT's) capability to create multiple-choice questions about otorhinolaryngology (ORL).Study Design Experimental question generation and exam simulation.Setting Tertiary academic center.Methods ChatGPT 3.5 was prompted: "Can you please create a challenging 20-question multiple-choice questionnaire about clinical cases in otolaryngology, offering five answer options?." The generated questionnaire was sent to medical students, residents, and consultants. Questions were investigated regarding quality criteria. Answers were anonymized and the resulting data was analyzed in terms of difficulty and internal consistency.Results ChatGPT 3.5 generated 20 exam questions of which 1 question was considered off-topic, 3 questions had a false answer, and 3 questions had multiple correct answers. Subspecialty theme repartition was as follows: 5 questions were on otology, 5 about rhinology, and 10 questions addressed head and neck. The qualities of focus and relevance were good while the vignette and distractor qualities were low. The level of difficulty was suitable for undergraduate medical students (n = 24), but too easy for residents (n = 30) or consultants (n = 10) in ORL. Cronbach's was highest (.69) with 15 selected questions using students' results.Conclusion ChatGPT 3.5 is able to generate grammatically correct simple ORL multiple choice questions for a medical student level. However, the overall quality of the questions was average, needing thorough review and revision by a medical expert to ensure suitability in future exams.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solving Combined Field Integral Equation With Deep Neural Network for 2-D Conducting Object

Solving the combined field integral equation (CFIE) for the large-scale scattering problem is computationally expensive. In this letter, we investigate the feasibility of applying deep learning to solve the CFIE for 2-D perfect electrically conducting objects. Inspired by the conjugate gradient method, an iterative deep neural network is designed to learn the manner of solving the surface current density from the CFIE, with the input being the coefficient matrix of the equation. This process involves physics through surface integration and need less iterations than the conventional iterative equation solver. In numerical tests, we evaluate the network's performance by comparing the predicted surface current density and bistatic scattering cross section with the solutions rigorously computed. This method provides an insight into applying machine learning techniques together with electromagnetic (EM) physics to fast EM computation with the same level of accuracy as traditional method.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Implications of Current and Emerging Privacy Law for ITS

As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) incorporate data-gathering and compiling systems into the transportation infrastructure, questions about privacy implications stemming from the potential misallocation or abuse of collected data have started to arise. The United States has no comprehensive national regulatory structure for privacy, leaving answers to these privacy questions to be found through a consideration of variety of sources of federal and state privacy law. In this paper, the authors examine a number of the areas where privacy law could impact ITS projects. To address these concerns, developers and planners of ITS technologies have to navigate a myriad of legal considerations and consequences that correspond with the ways in which they utilize the technologies and the information they collect. In an attempt to assist in that endeavor, the final part of this paper suggests tools for ITS developers and planners that explain the level of restrictions that correspond with different kinds of information being collected.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of the structural gene for dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscV (DAP2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscV were isolated from a strain already defective in dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscIV, an enzyme with overlapping substrate specificity. The mutants were identified by a staining technique with the chromogenic substrate Ala-Pro-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide to screen colonies for the absence of the enzyme. One of the mutants had a thermolabile activity, indicating that it contained a structural gene mutation. The 53 mutants analyzed fell into one complementation group that corresponded to the yscV structural gene, DAP2. The defect segregated 2:2 in meiotic tetrads, indicating a single chromosomal gene mutation, which was shown to be recessive. Diploids heterozygous for DAP2 displayed gene dosage effects with respect to yscV enzyme activity. The absence of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscV or the combined loss of both dipeptidyl aminopeptidases yscIV and yscV did not affect mitotic growth under rich or poor growth conditions. In contrast to the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscIV lesion (ste13), which leads to alpha sterility because strains secrete incompletely processed forms of the alpha-factor pheromone, the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yscV lesion did not affect mating, and strains produced fully active alpha-factor pheromone. dap2 mutants did not show any obvious phenotype under a variety of conditions tested.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The U.S. Military's Implementation of the Joint Duty Promotion Requirement

Prior to 1986, the inability of the U.S. military to operate in a unified, multiservice, or “joint” manner affected operational effectiveness. The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 directed changes throughout the U.S. defense establishment to rectify this problem. This article looks at the implementation of the joint duty officer promotion requirement mandated under Title IV, Joint Officer Management, of the Goldwater-Nichols Act. The joint duty assignment requirement mandated that all officers serve in a joint duty assignment prior to promotion to Brigadier General or Rear Admiral (O7). This article examines the implementation of this policy, U.S. military compliance with this policy, and the impact of the joint duty assignment on an officer's promotion to O7. Findings indicate that the military services are not fully complying with this policy and that officer promotion time is adversely affected when an officer meets the joint duty assignment promotion requirement.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mentoring in a Cooperative Learning Classroom

This manuscript introduces an experiential model of cooperative learning, and a public/private partnership between industry and higher education—one that included mentors as an integral part of the classroom experience. Each of thirty-seven students in a Principles of Management Experiential Learning class was assigned an experienced executive/professional who served as their mentor. These individuals had experience congruent with students’ career goals and aspirations, and they were able to help them craft a reflective end-of-term paper. Interview data from mentors illustrates the type of career guidance and advice they offered to their mentees, and why they thought that mentoring was important for college students. Because academic research has demonstrated the benefits of mentoring for both mentors and mentees alike, this paper argues for modifying the performance appraisal system within higher education so that mentoring can become a standard part of the student and faculty experience.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences