jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Statistic <i>l<sub>z</sub></i>-Based Person-Fit Methods for Noncognitive Multiscale Measures

Most person-fit statistics require long tests to reliably detect aberrant item-score vectors and are not readily applicable to noncognitive measures that consist of multiple short subscales. The authors propose combining subscale person-fit information to detect aberrant item-score vectors on noncognitive multiscale measures. They used a simulation study and three empirical personality and psychopathology test datasets to assess five multiscale person-fit methods based on the [Formula: see text] person-fit statistic with respect to (a) identifying aberrant item-score vectors, (b) improving accuracy of research results, and (c) understanding causes of aberrant responding. Simulated data analysis showed that the person-fit methods had good detection rates for substantially misfitting item-score vectors. Real-data person-fit analyses identified 4% to 17% misfitting item-score vectors. Removal of these vectors little improved model fit and test-score validity. The person-fit methods helped to understand causes of aberrant responding after controlling for response style on the explanatory variables. More real-data analyses are needed to demonstrate the usefulness of multiscale person-fit methods for noncognitive multiscale measures.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Non‐pungent long chain capsaicin‐analogs arvanil and olvanil display better anti‐invasive activity than capsaicin in human small cell lung cancers

The nutritional compound capsaicin inhibits the invasion of many types of human cancers. The clinical development of capsaicin as an anti‐cancer drug is limited due to its unfavorable side effects like burning sensation, stomach cramps, gut pain, and nausea. This study compared the anti‐invasive activity of capsaicin to non‐pungent long chain capsaicin analogs, namely arvanil and olvanil, in human small cell lung cancer cells. Boyden chamber invasion assays revealed that arvanil and olvanil displayed improved anti‐invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. The results of the Boyden chamber assay were confirmed by the spherical invasion assay, and similar results were obtained. The anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin were independent of TRPV and CB1 receptors. Furthermore, the anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin were mediated by the AMPK pathway. Depletion of AMPK levels by siRNA methodology abrogated the anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin. The non‐pungent capsaicin analogs arvanil and olvanil display improved anti‐invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. These agents may represent the second generation of capsaicin‐like compounds which are more potent than the parent molecule and have a better side effect profile. Support or Funding Information Funding for our study was supported by the an NIH R15‐AREA Grant (2R15CA161491‐02), AICR Investigator Grant, and a NASA Undergraduate Fellowship to JS.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Efficiency of Operating Microscope Compared with Unaided Visual Examination, Conventional and Digital Intraoral Radiography for Proximal Caries Detection

Objective . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of operating microscope compared with unaided visual examination, conventional and digital intraoral radiography for proximal caries detection. Materials and Methods . The study was based on 48 extracted human posterior permanent teeth. The teeth were examined with unaided visual examination, operating microscope, conventional bitewing and digital intraoral radiographs. Then, true caries depth was determined by histological examination. The extent of the carious lesions was assessed by three examiners independently. One way variance of analysis (ANOVA) and Scheffe test were performed for comparison of observers, and the diagnostic accuracies of all systems were assessed from the area under the ROC curve (). Results . Statistically significant difference was found between observers (). There was a statistically significant difference between operating microscope-film radiography, operating microscope-RVG, unaided visual examination-film radiography, and unaided visual examination-RVG according to pairwise comparison (). Conclusion . The efficiency of operating microscope was found statistically equal with unaided visual examination and lower than radiographic systems for proximal caries detection.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Resisting the Siren Song of Gross Receipts Taxes: From the Middle Ages to Maryland’s Tax on Digital Advertising-Abstract

A turnover tax, more commonly known as a gross receipts tax, has a long and sordid history. The tax has ancient roots, first appearing when economies were primitive and underdeveloped, with few alternatives for raising revenue. A turnover tax makes no pretense of taxing profits, income, consumption, wealth, or other bases that have come to be accepted as legitimate around the world. Instead, it taxes business activity, and is fundamentally different in concept, and inferior to, either a well-designed retail sales tax or a value-added tax.\nEconomists throughout the ages have nearly universally condemned turnover taxes; some even blame the Spanish version of the tax (the “Alcabala,” first imposed in the 14th century) for that country’s downfall. The adoption of a turnover tax often led to taxpayer rebellions. Turnover taxes benefit from the myth that they are low-rate, stable, and easy to administer. The reality is quite the opposite. The many faults that infect turnover taxes have led throughout the world to their replacement by value-added taxes (or corporate income taxes). The most glaring exception is the United States, which has no value-added tax at either the federal or the sub-national levels.\nDespite turnover taxes being vilified, condemned, and railed against by economists, Ohio adopted one in 2005—its commercial activities tax (CAT). Its name obscures the fact that it is a turnover tax.\nMaryland recently adopted a narrow-based turnover tax on digital advertising. Maryland was inspired in part by foreign digital service taxes, a type of turnover tax designed to overcome the permanent establishment rule in tax treaties and the lack of market-based sourcing, two serious obstacles to taxing the digital economy. Those obstacles are not inherent in the state tax systems. Ironically, Maryland already eliminated the physical presence requirement from its state income tax, replacing it with an economic nexus standard, and has adopted market-based sourcing. Besides being unnecessary, the Maryland tax has numerous drafting and constitutional weaknesses and has been challenged in both federal and state courts.\nNeither Maryland nor any of the other state turnover taxes (Washington, Delaware, Ohio, Texas, Nevada, Oregon, Maryland) is worthy of imitation. These states are false prophets. Hopefully, policymakers who learn of the abject history of gross receipts/turnover taxes will not be doomed to repeat it.

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Material for: Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Airway Morphology from Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Manual measurement of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) images means a heavy workload in the clinical practice, which can also introduce bias if the subjective opinions of doctors are involved. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aim to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EB-OCT image analysis algorithm to automatically identify and measure EB-OCT parameters of airway morphology. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The ResUNet, MultiResUNet, and Siamese network were used for analyzing airway inner area (Ai), airway wall area (Aw), airway wall area percentage (Aw%), and airway bifurcate segmentation obtained from EB-OCT imaging, respectively. The accuracy of the automatic segmentations was verified by comparing with manual measurements. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-three patients who were diagnosed with asthma (<i>n</i> = 13), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, <i>n</i> = 13), and normal airway (<i>n</i> = 7) were enrolled. EB-OCT was performed in RB9 segment (lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe), and a total of 17,820 OCT images were collected for CNN training, validation, and testing. After training, the Ai, Aw, and airway bifurcate were readily identified in both normal airway and airways of asthma and COPD. The ResUNet and the MultiResUNet resulted in a mean dice similarity coefficient of 0.97 and 0.95 for Ai and Aw segmentation. The accuracy Siamese network in identifying airway bifurcate was 96.6%. Bland-Altman analysis indicated there was a negligible bias between manual and CNN measurements for Ai (bias = −0.02 to 0.01, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.14) and Aw% (bias = −0.06 to 0.12, 95% CI = −1.98 to 2.14). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> EB-OCT imaging in conjunction with ResUNet, MultiResUNet, and Siamese network could automatically measure normal and diseased airway structure with an accurate performance.

Topic: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extensive forest management contributes to maintain suitable habitat characteristics for the endangered Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou

Extensive forest management aims at minimizing differences between managed and natural forests and at contributing to the conservation of endangered species such as the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. The decline of this isolated population was exacerbated by intensive forest practices, as the over-representation of regenerating forests supports high densities of bears and coyotes. These predators select such stands for the high availability of berries and browse suitable to alternative prey, especially moose. Our objective was to verify whether extensive treatments can provide suitable habitat characteristics for caribou. We compared the impacts of different intensive and extensive treatments on habitat attributes known to be selected by caribou, moose, and their predators. We sampled 291 sites in seven treatments and in mature coniferous forests (as the control). A partial canonical correspondence analysis highlighted which treatments maintain habitat attributes that are comparable with those found in mature forests, including some characteristics suitable for caribou such as a substantial biomass of arboreal lichen and a lower availability of resources for predators. Although being more suitable than the three intensive treatments tested, none of the four extensive treatments we studied provided similar habitat conditions to mature forest. Favouring extensive treatments could nevertheless be a relevant conservation compromise at the forest stand level, but their utility remains uncertain under the maximum sustainable yield paradigm as they impact a larger area.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Application of mini-invasive osteosynthesis in the treatment of the fracture of the femoral diaphysis].

Experience of operative treatment of the diaphysis femoris fracture in 673 patients was presented. Majority of operations were performed in 6-24 hours after the trauma occurrence. In 517 observations generally accepted method of osteosynthesis, and in 156--miniinvasive one, were applied. Results of intervention in 1-4 years in 391 patients were studied. Good result in 87.5%, satisfactory--in 9.9%, poor--in 3.3% were noted. Authors recommend to conduct operative treatment of the diaphysis femoris fracture as early as possible. Miniinvasive osteosynthesis is the preferable method of osteosynthesis in injured persons with severe polytrauma, multicomminuted and segmental fracture.

Topic: Hip and Femur Fractures
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sergiu Musteata, Review, Iurie Stamati, The Slavic Dossier. Medieval Archaeology in the Soviet Republic of Moldova: Between State Propaganda and Scholarly Endeavor, BRILL: Leiden/Boston, 2019, 310 pages

A review is done by Sergiu Musteata to the book: Iurie Stamati, The Slavic Dossier. Medieval Archaeology in the Soviet Republic of Moldova: Between State Propaganda and Scholarly Endeavor, BRILL: Leiden/Boston, 2019, 310 pages.

Topic: Historical and Archaeological Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
E4orf1 downregulates components of proximal insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were infected with pBabe-puro or pBabe-E4orf1 retrovirus, and also treated with rosiglitazone. The puro-ins group was treated with insulin for 30 min. ENPP1 expression was evaluated following SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immunoblotting with an anti-ENPP1 antibody. pTRE and &lt;i&gt;E4orf1&lt;/i&gt; expressing 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to doxycycline to induce E4orf1 expression. Cellular proteins were immuno-precipitated with anti-IR antibody or anti-insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), and then immunoblotted with &lt;b&gt;(B)&lt;/b&gt; phosphorylated IR (Tyr1322) or &lt;b&gt;(C)&lt;/b&gt; IRS1 (Ser332/336). Means ± SD. Data represent densitometry of three western blots. Groups were compared using ANOVA followed by tukey’s test. Groups not sharing a letter denote statistical significance.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Extradural<i>En-Plaque</i>Meningioma Involving Thoracic Spine

45세 여자 환자로 내원 전 2개월부터 시작된 양하지 무력감, 이상 보행, 양하지 감각저하 및 이상 감각을 주소로 내원하였다. 내과 적 질환이나 외상의 기왕력은 없었다. 내원 당시 이학적 검사상 유두와 배꼽 사이 이하로 감각저하 및 이상감각 소견을 보였으 며, 고관절 이하로 양하지 근력이 4/5 정도로 감소되어 있었다. 심 부건반사는 양측으로 항진되어 있었고, 양측 족간대성 경련 양성 소견을 보였다. 단순 방사선 사진에서는 경미한 측만 변화가 관 찰되었고, 뚜렷한 골 파괴 소견 등은 보이지 않았다. 자기공명영 상 소견에서는 T1 및 T2 강조영상에서 척수와 비슷한 신호강도를 보이는 비교적 경계가 명확한 약 33 mm의 경막 외 종양이 흉추 6, 7번에 걸쳐서 우측 흉추 6번 신경근을 포함하여 척수를 후방에 서 압박하고 있는 소견이 관찰되었으며, 우측 흉추 6번 신경공의 확장 소견이 관찰되었다. 이 종양은 가돌리니움(gadolinium) 조 영 증강 영상에서는 경막과 명확한 경계의 균질의 조영 증강 소 견을 보였다(Fig. 1). 경막 외 종양으로는 거대세포종, 혈관종, 동 맥류성 골낭종 등 척추의 전방 또는 후방의 골을 침범하는 종양 이 대부분이나, 본 증례에서는 골 파괴 소견이 보이지 않아 진단 에서 배제시켰고, 판형의 경막 외 종양으로는 전이성 병변과 임 파종의 감별이 필요했다. 술 전 검사에서 혈액 검사, 혈액 도말 검 사 및 단순 흉부 방사선 사진에서 이상 소견은 없었으며, 종양 표 지자 검사는 정상이었다. 흉부 및 복부 전산화 단층 촬영이 전이 성 병변과 임파종의 감별에 도움이 되나 환자의 병력상 내원 전 체중 감소나 사지 및 추체의 동통 등 특이 소견이 없고, 여러 혈액 검사에서 정상 소견이 보여 시행하지 않았으며, 전이성 병변이 나 임파종은 수막종에 비해 골 파괴 소견이 많아 가능성은 적으 pISSN : 1226-2102, eISSN : 2005-8918 400

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Passenger flow forecast of Harbin the Line 1 subway

Based on the analyses of city rail traffic passenger flow prediction, characters, and conclusion of common method, the paper put forward that the prediction should improve and modify the flexibility of the traditional method, using the current sources utmost, in order to satisfy the demand of traffic passenger flow prediction. Then, the application of four-stage method prediction was discussed in the paper, based on the study of current method and the combination of the example of Harbin No 1 subway traffic passenger flow prediction. The method was introduced in detail, and the prediction result was presented too. Other conclusions were reported.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐1<scp>B</scp> and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase‐2 and Liver Cirrhosis, Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Among <scp>J</scp>apanese Alcoholic Men

Background The presence of the less‐active form of alcohol dehydrogenase‐ 1B encoded by ADH1B *1/*1 (vs. *2 allele) and active form of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) encoded by ALDH2 *1/*1 (vs. *2 allele) increases the risk of alcoholism in E ast A sians. Methods The subjects in this cross‐sectional survey were 1,902 J apanese alcoholic men (≥40 years) who underwent ADH 1B/ ALDH 2 genotyping. Results Age‐adjusted daily alcohol consumption did not differ according to the ADH 1B/ ALDH 2 genotypes. The age‐adjusted odds ratios ( AOR s; 95% confidence interval) for liver cirrhosis ( LC ; n = 359, 1.58 [1.19 to 2.09]), chronic calcific pancreatitis ( CP ; n = 80, 2.24 [1.20 to 4.20]), and diabetes mellitus ( DM ; n = 383, 1.51 [1.15 to 1.99]) were higher in the ADH1B *2 allele carriers than in the ADH1B *1/*1 carriers. The AOR s for LC (1.43 [1.01 to 2.02]), CP (1.68 [0.80 to 3.53]), DM (1.63 [1.15 to 2.30]), and hypertension ( HT ; n = 495, 1.52 [1.11 to 2.07]) were higher in the ALDH2 *1/*1 carriers than in the ALDH2 *1/*2 carriers. The ADH1B *2 ‐associated AOR for LC was 2.08 (1.46 to 2.94) among those aged 40 to 59 years, but 0.89 (0.56 to 1.43) among those aged 60 years or over, and the interaction between ADH 1B genotype and age on the LC risk was significant ( p = 0.009). When the group with non‐ LC and no/mild fibrosis was used as controls, the ADH1B *2 ‐associated AOR s increased according to the severity of their liver disease: 1.67 (1.32 to 2.11) for the group with non‐ LC and serum type IV collagen values ≥200 ng/ml, 1.81 (1.24 to 2.63) for the group of C hild‐ P ugh class A LC , and 3.17 (1.98 to 5.07) for the group with C hild‐ P ugh class B / C LC . Anti‐hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) antibody was positive in 103 patients, and the groups with a high anti‐ HCV antibody titer and either the ADH1B *2/*2 genotype or the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype had the highest AOR s (8.83 and 4.90, respectively). The population attributable fraction ( PAF ) due to the ADH1B *2 allele was 29% for LC , 47% for CP , and 27% for DM , and the PAF due to the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype was 26% for LC , 34% for DM , and 30% for HT . Conclusions The ADH1B *2 allele increased the AOR s for LC , CP , and DM of the alcoholics, and the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype increased their AOR s for LC , DM , and HT . HCV infection and genetic susceptibility had a synergistic effect on the AOR for LC .

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of the Severity of Heart Failure in Fetuses with Fetal Arrhythmias

胎児不整脈では，心不全が進行すると胎児水腫となり胎内死亡をきたすため，心不全の重症度評価は重要な課題となるが，実際には正確な評価は難しい．通常，胎児心エコー検査で胎児心不全を評価するCVP (cardiovascular profiling）スコアなどで使用されるドプラ血流波形は，不整脈により変化するため評価に使用できない項目が多い．そこで，心拡大の程度や房室弁閉鎖不全の出現，特に僧帽弁閉鎖不全に着目したり，血流波形のVTI (velocity-time integral）による心拍出量の算出で心不全の兆候を検出する．胎児の一般的な全身状態の評価であるBPS (biophysical profiling score）も参考にできる．心拍数との関連では，頻脈性不整脈では，上室頻拍では心拍220回/分以上，心室頻拍では200回/分以上，胎児徐脈性不整脈では心拍55回/分未満が心不全進行の目安となる．しかし，不整脈症例では，頻脈時の頻拍源性心筋症の併発や，徐脈時には心奇形や抗SS-A抗体による心筋炎/心筋症の合併によって心機能が低下してくることが知られており，心拍数のみでは心不全進行の予測は不十分である．複数の指標を合わせて，継時的な経過観察により症例ごとの計測値の変化を評価しながら，管理方法を判断していくことが重要である．

Topic: Cardiovascular Issues in Pregnancy
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metronidazole- and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Isolated in Rochester, Minnesota, in 2014

ABSTRACT Emerging antimicrobial resistance in members of the Bacteroides fragilis group is a concern in clinical medicine. Although metronidazole and carbapenem resistance have been reported in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , a member of the B. fragilis group, they have not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported together in the same B. thetaiotaomicron isolate. Herein, we report isolation of piperacillin-tazobactam-, metronidazole-, clindamycin-, ertapenem-, and meropenem-resistant B. thetaiotaomicron from a patient with postoperative intra-abdominal abscess and empyema. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated the presence of nimD with at least a portion of IS 1169 upstream, a second putative nim gene, two β-lactamase genes (one of which has not been previously reported), two tetX genes, tetQ , ermF , two cat genes, and a number of efflux pumps. This report highlights emerging antimicrobial resistance in B. thetaiotaomicron and the importance of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of selected anaerobic bacteria.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
METODE SSA PADA DATA PRODUKSI PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Indonesia is an archipelagic country where 2/3 of its territory is ocean. The vastness of Indonesia's oceans is expected to produce abundant sea products that can meet the needs of Indonesian consumers, especially fish. Adequacy of the amount of fish consumption can be assessed through the number of fish catch. Based on data at the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in 2015, West Java has a low growth of fish consumption, 6.05% in 2010-2014. Therefore, it is necessary to forecast the results of fish catch for several years ahead so it can be known whether the provision of fish consumption will be fulfilled or not. One method that can be used is Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). The SSA method is a flexible method because it uses a nonparametric approach. That is, in its application, this method does not require the model specification of time series data, as well as parametric assumptions. Forecasting accuracy of a method is said to be good if it has a MAPE value less than 20%. MAPE of SSA method forecast is 6.19% so that SSA method is suitable for forecasting of capture fishery production in West Java Province. The forecast for fishery production in West Java Province in 2015 for the first, second, third, and fourth quarter were 53,978.49 Ton, 54,406.91 Ton, 50,889.11 Ton, and 56,896.96 Ton, respectively.

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Underlining authenticity through the recreolization process in rap music: A case of an in-group answer to an identity threat

Despite its African American roots, there has been a gradual rise of rappers from different ethnic groups, which has placed authenticity, especially at the linguistic level, under the spotlight. In this article, we hypothesize that the recreolization process carried out by African American rappers can be directly connected with the appropriation of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features by non-African American rappers. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the use of four AAVE features by three African American rappers and three Caucasian rappers over the past three decades. Our results show the progressively increasing use of the four AAVE features by the African American rappers, as well as their appropriation by the Caucasian rappers to a varying extent. We argue that, from a sociocognitive point of view, the recreolization process constitutes an in-group strategy that enables African American rappers to preserve their distinctiveness as a way of responding to a perceived identity threat.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Examples of &lt;i&gt;T. turnerae&lt;/i&gt; secreted carbohydrate active enzymes and associated proteins&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;.

*&lt;p&gt;As determined by 2-D LC MS/MS on spent culture medium (see &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006085#s3" target="_blank"&gt;methods&lt;/a&gt;). Abbreviations: number of amino acid residues (AA), molecular weight (MW), predicted protein localization (LOC), secreted (S), lipoprotein (L), sucrose (SUC), carboxymethycellulose (CMC), and SigmaCell (SIG).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences