jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diorganotin(IV)-2-mercaptopyrimidine complexes

The complexes formed between the diorganotin(IV) moieties, R2Sn(IV), and the ligand 2-mercaptopyrimidine, (H)SPym, were investigated. Complexes R2SnHal(SPym) and R2Sn(SPym)2 [R = Me, iPr, nBu, iBu, tBu, cyclohexyl(Cy), Ph] were synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis. In the solid state, chelation of SPym through S and N donors was established by IR spectroscopy, and the nature of the environment of tin centers was investigated by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. From the dynamics of 119Sn nuclei determined by variable-temperature measurements on representative compounds [Me2SnCl(SPym) and Cy2SnBr(SPym)], as well as by point-charge model treatment of nuclear quadrupole splitting parameters, it was inferred that Me2SnCl-­(SPym) may assume a trans-Me2 octahedral coordination geometry around tin in a monodimensional polymer, or a monomeric trigonal-bipyramidal structure (distorted). The latter type of structure was assigned to the other R2SnHal(SPym) species, while R2Sn(SPym)2 complexes assume a trans-octahedral, or skew trapezoidal, tin environment. In CHCl3–CDCl3 solutions, monomeric species occur (according to vapor-pressure osmometry), where 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic parameters of SPym indicate the persistence of Sn chelation by S and N donor atoms. The Me2SnCl(SPym) species assume trigonal-bipyramidal structures with a chelating SPym ligand, in CDCl3 and C2H5OH solutions, according to the coupling constants 1J(119Sn,13C), as well as IR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic data. 119Sn NMR parameters fully correspond with data for the homologous complexes with 2-mercaptopyridine. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Organometallic Compounds Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occlusion of congenital ventricular septal defects by the buttoned device. "Buttoned device" Clinical Trials International Register.

OBJECTIVES: To study the feasibility of congenital ventricular septal defect occlusion by the buttoned device and to establish guidelines for its safe and effective application. DESIGN: A descriptive study of all patients with a congenital ventricular septal defect undergoing transcatheter occlusion with the buttoned device, from March 1994 to May 1995. These patients were otherwise candidates for elective surgery at their institutions because they had persistence of a significant shunt (Qp:Qs = 1.5-2.1:1, median = 1.7), with left ventricular enlargement and/or symptoms, although their systolic pulmonary artery pressure was invariably normal (20-28 mm Hg, median = 25). The angiographic diameter of the defect ranged from 2.5 to 14 mm (median 6 mm). SETTING: A multi-institutional study. PATIENTS: Out of 25 cases attempted, 18 children and adults aged 4-35 years had devices implanted. Fifteen of these patients had membranous ventricular septal defects and three had muscular defects. All patients with a membranous ventricular septal defect had an associated aneurysm of the membranous septum. INTERVENTIONS: The buttoned device was introduced either directly or, in the last 12 cases, over a wire bridging the femoral artery and the femoral or jugular vein; the devices were delivered through 7-9 French (F) long sheaths. A membranous defect was regarded as suitable for device closure if the distance from the centre of the defect to the insertion of the right coronary aortic valve leaflet was more than 50% of the size of the required device. The device was guided by echocardiography and fluoroscopy. All muscular defects were corrected through the right jugular vein and all membranous ones through the femoral vein. RESULTS: All 18 patients underwent initial successful implantation of the device. In thirteen patients the shunts were completely occluded and in the remaining five there were trivial residual shunts. In two patients with membranous ventricular septal defects a change from the original position was noticed at two weeks; mild aortic regurgitation developed in one and the murmur recurred in the other; the devices had to be removed surgically. One patient developed transient third degree atrioventricular block during implantation; no tricuspid regurgitation was observed. CONCLUSION: Clinical occlusion of congenital ventricular septal defects was achieved in 16 out of the 18 attempted cases (13 full occlusions). Membranous ventricular septal defect occlusion can be effective and safe if patients and device sizes are carefully selected.

Topic: Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Guidance of gliding vehicles with energy management based on approximate prediction of speed

This study presents a guidance method for flight vehicles gliding in the vertical plane to achieve&#13;\ndesired position and velocity at the final time. The proposed guidance algorithm combines two decoupled&#13;\nelements to plan future flight trajectories satisfying the given constraints at each guidance&#13;\nupdate cycle: i) parametric path generator, and ii) approximate speed predictor. The parametric&#13;\npath generator is capable of producing an altitude profile as a parametric function of downrange&#13;\nby solving a convex optimisation problem considering only the shape properties of a flight path.&#13;\nAn approximate method for predicting the future speed history endows the proposed guidance&#13;\nalgorithm with the capability to address energy management objectives in trajectory planning.&#13;\nProvided that an altitude profile is specified by the parametric path generator and the lift-to-drag&#13;\nratio model is known, the approximation neglecting gravitational acceleration turns the speed dynamics&#13;\nalong the given path into a scalar linear first order ordinary differential equation, the form&#13;\nwhich admits a closed-form solution that can be represented by definite integrals. In this way, the&#13;\nproposed method opens a possibility to update the trajectory in flight to achieve the desired final&#13;\nspeed by reducing the computational load due to speed prediction task, although the predicted&#13;\nspeed contains approximation errors of certain degrees.

Topic: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Global Regulatory Framework and Guidelines for Biomedical Waste Disposal and Management

Biomedical Waste is coming from medical institutions and its proper disposal and management is important for public health, environmental protection and occupational safety. International bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and National Regulators have widely provided comprehensive frameworks and guidelines for the standardization of biomedical waste management. The WHO's “Safe Management of Wastes from Healthcare Activities” holds important protocols for segregating, treating and disposing of hazardous medical waste. The Basel Convention sets controls on the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste to facilitate environmentally sound disposal and disposal methods worldwide. Regulation is further ensured through public awareness, the training of healthcare workers, and stringent monitoring by environmental agencies. In the age of Industry 6.0, international cooperation and strict regulations will ensure that the disposal of biomedical waste complies with environmental and public health requirements.

Topic: Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Denervation-induced decrease in mitochondrial calcium transport in rat hippocampus

Calcium accumulation by mitochondria and the activity and in vitro phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase were measured in control and partially denervated hippocampus. Calcium uptake was measured with a calcium-sensitive electrode and 45Ca2+ accumulation; both methods indicated that lesions of the entorhinal cortex produced a sizable reduction of calcium transport when mitochondria were fueled with pyruvate while much smaller changes were observed using succinate or ATP as energy sources. The decrease in calcium transport was evident by 24 hr after the lesion and was still present 6 months later. Synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria were similarly affected by the lesions. The activity and in vitro phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase were also significantly reduced following lesions of the entorhinal cortex, suggesting that denervation altered the endogenous state of phosphorylation of the mitochondrial enzyme. Commissural lesions but not septal lesions also resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial calcium transport when mitochondria were fueled with pyruvate. These findings suggest that denervation disturbs mitochondrial regulation of free calcium via an action on enzymes which regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation and activity. The potential relationship of this effect to degenerative changes associated with deafferentation and certain disease states is discussed.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Binary-ternary collisions and the last significant digit of $n!$ in base 12

The third-named author recently proved [Israel J. of Math. 258 (2023), 475--502] that there are infinitely many \textit{collisions} of the base-2 and base-3 sum-of-digits functions. In other words, the equation \[ s_2(n)=s_3(n) \] admits infinitely many solutions in natural numbers. We refine this result and prove that every integer $a$ in $\{1, 2, \ldots, 11\}$ appears as the last nonzero digit of $n!$ in base $12$ infinitely often.

Topic: Algorithms and Data Compression
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Choosing to Die

Abstract Two articles in the September–October 2022 issue of the Hastings Center Report discuss health‐related reasons that people might have to actively bring their lives to an end. In one, Brent Kious considers the situation of a person who, because of illness, becomes a burden on loved ones. A person in such a situation might prefer to die, and Kious argues that, while there is no obligation to hasten one's death, the choice to do so could sometimes be reasonable. In a second article, Henri Wijsbek and Thomas Nys discuss a case in the Netherlands in which a woman with severe dementia was euthanized at a point when her advance euthanasia directive did not align with what she said, when asked, about death. Wijsbek and Nys defend the authority of her advance directive against a range of objections . In a third article, Henry Silverman and Patrick Odonkor, physicians at the University of Maryland Medical Center, where the first pig‐to‐human heart transplantation was performed in early 2022, develop recommendations for clinical trials of porcine heart transplantation. And an essay in the issue criticizes the allocation recommendations developed for Covid‐19 vaccines by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices .

Topic: Organ Donation and Transplantation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Endocrine changes in children with acute viral hepatitis].

The paper is concerned with the results of hormonal studies on virus hepatitis in 84 children aged 2 to 14, of them 28 had a mild form of disease, 50--medium grave and 6--a severe form of disease. A study was made of the blood content of ACTH, STH, TSH, cortisol, aldosterone, T3, T4, prolactin, and alpha-fetoprotein. The hormones were determined by a radioimmunoassay using Sorin kits (France). A considerable increase in the blood content of ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and a moderate increase in STH, TSH and T4 concentrations were noted at the height of virus hepatitis. The above changes were interpreted as a result of combined manifestation of a stress reaction and a decrease in the catabolism of some liver hormones. An assumption has been made of a possibility of the effect of late hormonal shifts on the outcome of virus hepatitis of development of chronic hepatitis.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Protein Extraction Method for Pottery Residues and Archeological Implications

Proteomic analysis of absorbed residues is increasingly used to identify the foodstuffs processed in ancient ceramic vessels, but detailed methodological investigations in this field remain rare. Here, we present three interlinked methodological developments with important consequences in paleoproteomics: the comparative absorption and identification of various food proteins, the application of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for extracting ceramic-bound proteins, and the role of database choice in taxonomic identification. Our experiments with modern and ethnoarcheological ceramics show that DES is generally more effective at extracting ceramic-bound proteins than guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), and cereal proteins are absorbed and subsequently extracted and identifiedat least as readily as meat proteins. We also highlight some of the challenges in cross-species proteomics, whereby species that are less well-represented in databases can be attributed an incorrect species-level taxonomic assignment due to interspecies similarities in protein sequence. This is particularly problematic in potentially mixed samples such as cooking-generated organic residues deposited in pottery. Our work demonstrates possible proteomic separation of fishes and birds, the latter of which have so far eluded detection through lipidomic analyses of organic residue deposits in pottery, which has important implications for tracking the exploitation of avian species in various ancient communities around the globe.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MEAC Commissioner becomes unexpected trailblazer

When Sonja O. Stills became the Commissioner of the Mid‐Eastern Athletic Conference, she became not only the first woman to lead the MEAC but also the first female commissioner of a Division I conference made up of historically Black colleges and universities. Stills has held several positions with the MEAC since she joined the organization, which have enabled her to learn all aspects of conference administration and leadership.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Student's t-Generative Adversarial Networks

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have a great performance in image generation, but they need a large scale of data to train the entire framework, and often result in nonsensical results. We propose a new method referring to conditional GAN, which equipments the latent noise with mixture of Student's t-distribution with attention mechanism in addition to class information. Student's t-distribution has long tails that can provide more diversity to the latent noise. Meanwhile, the discriminator in our model implements two tasks simultaneously, judging whether the images come from the true data distribution, and identifying the class of each generated images. The parameters of the mixture model can be learned along with those of GANs. Moreover, we mathematically prove that any multivariate Student's t-distribution can be obtained by a linear transformation of a normal multivariate Student's t-distribution. Experiments comparing the proposed method with typical GAN, DeliGAN and DCGAN indicate that, our method has a great performance on generating diverse and legible objects with limited data.

Topic: Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asymptotics of prediction in functional linear regression with\n functional outputs

We study prediction in the functional linear model with functional outputs :\n$Y=SX+\\epsilon $ where the covariates $X$ and $Y$ belong to some functional\nspace and $S$ is a linear operator. We provide the asymptotic mean square\nprediction error with exact constants for our estimator which is based on\nfunctional PCA of the input and has a classical form. As a consequence we\nderive the optimal choice of the dimension $k_{n}$ of the projection space. The\nrates we obtain are optimal in minimax sense and generalize those found when\nthe output is real. Our main results hold with no prior assumptions on the rate\nof decay of the eigenvalues of the input. This allows to consider a wide class\nof parameters and inputs $X(\\cdot) $ that may be either very irregular or very\nsmooth. We also prove a central limit theorem for the predictor which improves\nresults by Cardot, Mas and Sarda (2007) in the simpler model with scalar\noutputs. We show that, due to the underlying inverse problem, the bare estimate\ncannot converge in distribution for the norm of the function space\n

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Al-Qalam University, Katsina Post Utme Form,2022/2023,(Admission Forms) Undergraduate is Out Call ☎0706-628-0862 DR RUTH Candidates must possess credit pass in at least five (5) "O" level subjects including English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, at not more than two sittings in the SSCE (WAEC/NECO, GCE or NABTEB).

Al-Qalam University, Katsina Post Utme Form,2022/2023,(Admission Forms) Undergraduate&amp;nbsp;is Out Call&amp;nbsp;☎️0706-628-0862&amp;nbsp;DR RUTH&amp;nbsp;Candidates must possess credit pass in at least five (5) &amp;quot;O&amp;quot; level subjects including English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, at not more than two sittings in the SSCE (WAEC/NECO, GCE or NABTEB).

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Critical Review on Breast Cancer Literature: Screening, Awareness and Preventive Measures

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer diagnosed in women. This paper reviews key literature on breast cancer covering various aspects including breast cancer and self-examination, awareness level of breast cancer among women, psychological stress of breast cancer patients, causes of breast cancer and preventive measures for breast cancer. This paper sheds light to urban and young women that self-screening is one of the important yardsticks to prevent late diagnosis of breast cancer and after-math of breast cancer treatment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p256

Topic: Cancer Risks and Factors
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Blood flow restriction - short insight of the method

Abstract Introduction: The blood flow restriction method is a training method that is based on the partial occlusion of circulation during a workout. This technique combines low-intensity exercise with the occlusion of the bloodstream which produces results similar to high-intensity training. Aim: We aimed to identify the areas in which this method is applicable, its potential benefits and effects, recommendations regarding the rules of use for maximal effects (dosage, intensity, etc.), and also possible contraindications or warnings regarding the use of this method. Methods: We have analyzed a number of 20 articles on this topic from the field literature of the last 10 years, using ”google academic” as a search engine. Results : After this study we concluded that blood flow restriction is a method with wide applicability in the field of sports training, but also in the recovery process; however, it requires attention in choosing the necessary equipment. For healthy individuals, best training adaptations occur when combining low-load blood flow restriction resistance exercise with traditional high-load resistance exercise. Conclusion: Low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction is as effective as high-intensity training (for strength and muscle mass gains), but only the high-intensity protocol promotes significant hypotensive responses after exercise.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulation of streptokinase-human plasmin complex by the plasma proteinase inhibitors alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin is species specific and temperature dependent

Streptokinase-plasmin complex (SkPl) was prepared with human plasminogen. Regulation of SkPl and plasmin by the plasma proteinase inhibitors, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), was studied as a function of temperature in plasminogen- depleted human plasma, mouse plasma, and solutions of purified proteins. The reaction of plasmin with proteinase inhibitors in human plasma was complete. alpha 2AP was the predominant inhibitor. The fraction of alpha 2M-plasmin recovered was not affected significantly by incubation temperature. In contrast, the reaction of SkPl with human proteinase inhibitors was markedly temperature dependent. The apparent second-order rate constant for the reaction of SkPl with purified alpha 2AP at 37 degrees C (1.5 x 10(2) mol/L-1 s-1) was greater than 150-fold higher than the constant derived at 4 degrees C. In human plasma and in solutions containing mixtures of purified human proteins, alpha 2AP was the principal inhibitor of SkPl. Elevating the temperature enhanced the reaction of SkPl with alpha 2AP and alpha 2M comparably. Equivalent results were obtained when incubations were performed in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or whole blood. In murine plasma, SkPl reacted readily with the proteinase inhibitors. The principal inhibitor of SkPl was alpha 2M. Maximum reaction between SkPl and murine alpha 2M was observed at 37 degrees C; however, significant reaction also occurred at 4 degrees C. alpha 2 AP was the predominant inhibitor of plasmin in mouse plasma. Reaction of alpha 2AP with SkPl in murine plasma was significant only after the alpha 2M was inactivated with methylamine. These results were not affected by platelets or whole blood cells. We conclude that the thrombolytic efficacy of streptokinase reflects not only the nature of the plasminogen activator complex but also the function of the proteinase inhibitors.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences