jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Anticancer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Curcuma longa L., Peganum harmala L., and Boswellia serrata on HeLa cells

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Several native Iranian herbs used in traditional medicine are proven to have cytotoxic effects. Objectives: The present study was designed to compare the anticancer effects of three medicinal herbs, Peganum harmala L., Curcuma longa L., and Boswellia serrata, on a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Methods: HeLa cells were exposed to different doses of hydroalcoholic extracts of the three plants (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. After the incubation period, the modified colorimetric MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. Results: The highest percentage of cell death for P. harmala was observed after 72 hours of incubation, and 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 24 hours was 12.5 μg/mL. For B. serrata, the highest percentage of cell death was observed after 72 hours of incubation; IC50 at 24 and 48 hours were 50 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. C. longa L. had an IC50 of 12.5 μg/mL after 72 hours of incubation. Conclusions: The results of the MTT assay showed that B. serrata and P. harmala L. extracts had time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. However, C. longa L. extracts induced apoptosis only in a time-dependent manner. A higher cytotoxic effect was observed on HeLa cells with P. harmala and B. serrata extracts compared to C. longa extract at all applied concentrations.

Topic: Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Introducing statistical variation in Year 3 in a STEM context: manufacturing licorice

As STEM education becomes more prominent at the school level, many possibilitiescould be suggested for beginning experiences to create a foundation for young studentsas they begin their journeys with respect to STEM learning. The research reported hereis based on the premise that building statistical understanding will enhance youngstudents’ learning as they engage with STEM learning experiences. This paper hencereports on an activity created to introduce students in Year 3 to the concept of statisticalvariation with data in a STEM-related context where variation occurs in an easilymeasured and realistic fashion. Students’ capabilities to appreciate the fundamentalnature of statistical variation and use it for comparison in a STEM context wereassessed through responses in student workbooks, to questions on an end-of-yearsurvey, and in individual interviews. The results illustrate the beginning stages ofstudent thinking about variation and the use of data when learning is embedded withina STEM context. They show that students can take on the idea of variation and use it inexplaining their experiences with the hands-on activity, which involved comparisons ofa hand-made and machine-made product

Topic: Statistics Education and Methodologies
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sul travaglio dell’intercultura. Manifesto per una pedagogia postcoloniale

The history of childhood attributes a significat role to images and especially to iconography in painting. The articles examines the images of Manierism and of Rosso Fiorentino, noting the metamorphosis of cherub and an antinomical view of childhood.

Topic: Diverse academic and cultural studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Contribution to studies on hollow cathode discharges

The electron temperature measured in a hollow cathode by the optogalvanic method, discloses the fact that at lower gas pressure (order 100 Pa) its value is of the order of 0.1 eV, not sufficient to sustain the discharge. The role of high energy electrons, that are responsible for maintaining of the discharge in such cases, was investigated. A simple Monte Carlo simulation, based on the concept of beam electrons, containing only the most important processes has been applied in order to obtain the population of the two lowest excited states of neon. At the same time, the energy distribution of high energy electrons was obtained. The results of calculated densities of 1s5 and 1s4 neon atom states were found to be in a favourable agreement with values measured by the laser induced fluorescence method.

Topic: Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Caregiver perceptions of inclusive playgrounds targeting toddlers and preschoolers with disabilities: has recent international and national policy improved overall satisfaction?

The purpose of the current study was to survey and interview caregivers of children with disabilities (ages 2–5 years) to obtain their input as to whether current playground equipment meets their child's needs. A total of 149 participants agreed to participate. Caregivers (i) indicated that their child with a disability could not fully participate in the playground's offerings, (ii) felt that the playground was not appropriate for their child with a disability and (iii) dreamed of a fully inclusive playground that met their child's needs. The results also demonstrate that social participation barriers continue to remain for families who have children with disabilities despite the passing of international human rights standards targeting individuals with disabilities and a global focus in improving the overall well‐being of children with disabilities.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Metabolism of Arterial Tissue With Special Reference to Esterase and Lipase.

SummaryEsterase was demonstrated in normal aortic tissue of dog, rabbit and man. Its activity was determined in various layers of the 3 aortic segments (arch, descending thoracic, abdominal) as well as in liver and serum. Absence of lipase, except for dog serum, was constantly demonstrated. Of the 3 aortic layers studied (innermost intimamedia, media, adventitia), the adventitia displayed the lowest activity, about l/6th that of the other two. Intima-media showed no difference in activity between the 3 aortic segments in dog, or between descending thoracic and abdominal in rabbit or man, whereas a higher activity was noted in rabbit's arch. A species difference seems to exist, aortic intima-media showing the lowest values in man, and highest in rabbit's arch. A species difference was also noted with regard to liver and serum, the former showing the highest activity in rabbit and lowest in dog, whereas serum showed similar activity in dog and man, and much greater in rabbit.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cholesterol feeding enhances vasoconstrictor effects of products from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes

We have studied the vasoactive properties of products released from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) before and after short-term (4 and 8 wk) dietary supplementation with 1% cholesterol. Plasma cholesterol levels were similar after 4 and 8 wk of cholesterol diet, whereas gross atherosclerotic lesions were present at 4 wk but significantly more extensive after 8 wk. PMN products from all rabbits caused endothelium-dependent contraction of isolated, control (nonatherosclerotic) rabbit aorta submaximally contracted with phenylephrine. However, both 4 and 8 wk of cholesterol feeding resulted in equivalent contractions by PMN products, which were significantly greater than contractions by control PMNs. Endothelium-dependent contraction (by PMN products) and relaxation (by acetylcholine) were attenuated by 8 wk of cholesterol feeding. PMN products attenuated acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta from cholesterol-fed rabbits and of control aorta treated with phenoxybenzamine to reduce muscarinic receptor reserve. We conclude that elevation of plasma cholesterol results in increased release of a PMN product(s) that causes endothelium-dependent constriction.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Competences and Innovativeness of Successors in Family SMEs

Abstract Background and Purpose: In the recent period, scholarly interest for family entrepreneurship and succession has been increasing while the question of innovative capability of family SMEs and of innovativeness of founders and successors is relatively unexplored. Little is known about the factors, which are positively correlated, or affect innovativeness of successors in family SMEs. This research explores the relationship between entrepreneurial competences of the founders in family SMEs and innovativeness of their successors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The target group were family SMEs of the first and the second generation – their founders and successors in Slovenia. As our research includes two independent samples with mostly ordinal data, we used univariate (analysis of means, variance, reliability index Cronbach alpha, t-test) and multivariate (simultaneous analysis of more variables, correlation) statistical methods to study the two constructs - entrepreneurial competences of the founders and innovativeness of successors, to test the positive correlation between the two. Results: Results indicate that entrepreneurial competences like creativity, attitude toward risk-taking, attitude toward negotiations, technical knowledge and skills and marketing knowledge and skills of the founders in family SMEs positively correlate with innovativeness of successors. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial competences of founders are important factor for fostering innovativeness of successors. Conclusion: This paper links the two studied constructs and presents a valuable contribution for entrepreneurship theory; therefore, the results could be used for a further scientific research as also for practical implications.

Topic: Family Business Performance and Succession
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Personality Does Affect Conflict Handling Style: Study of Future Managers

Conflicts are one of the indispensible parts of organizations life. Managing conflicts is issue that is to be considered to solve the said problem and to overcome the negative impacts of conflicts at work place. This paper is aimed to examine relationship between personality traits and preferred conflict handling style. Big five traits model are selected for personality assessment. Big five personality factors are extroversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability and agreeableness. Conflict handling styles are compromising, competing, avoiding, accommodating and collaborating. This paper covers two personality traits Extraversion and Openness to experience and only two conflict handling styles i.e. avoiding and competing. A total of 300 students are randomly selected for data collection. Description and correlation is used for analysis. Findings suggest that there is significant relationship between personality type and conflict handling style adopted by individuals. Implications of the study for future researchers as well as practical implications are discussed in the paper.

Topic: Conflict Management and Negotiation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycaemia is common in clinical practice for people with diabetes. However, the symptoms can vary between individuals and at different stages of their condition. Moreover, several factors influence symptoms experienced by people with diabetes, and many are amenable to intervention. Symptoms are commonly neuroglycopenic or neurogenic in aetiology, and these lead to different clusters of symptoms. Certain patient groups such as the elderly and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to hypoglycaemia. In this chapter, we describe the physiology and pathophysiology behind the symptoms of hypoglycaemia, with reference to current knowledge from neuroimaging studies, and outline potential interventions to modify or restore hypoglycaemia symptoms.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Suzaku Observations of the Cluster of Galaxies Abell 2052

Abstract The results from Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) observations of relaxed cluster of galaxies, Abell 2052, are presented. Offset pointing data were used to estimate the Galactic foreground emission in the direction of the cluster. Significant soft X-ray excess emission above this foreground, the intracluster medium emission, and other background components was confirmed and resolved both radially and spectroscopically. This excess can be described either by (a) local variations of known Galactic emission components or by (b) an additional thermal component with a temperature of about 0.2 keV, possibly associated with the cluster. The radial temperature and metallicity profiles of the intracluster medium were measured within $\sim\;$20$^\prime$ in radius (about 60% of the virial radius) from the cluster center. The temperature drops radially to 0.5–0.6 of the peak value at a radius of $\sim\;$15$^\prime$. The gas-mass-weighted metal abundance averaged over the observed region was found to be 0.21$\;\pm\;$0.05 times solar.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The molecular basis of zinc homeostasis in cereals

Abstract Plants require zinc (Zn) as an essential cofactor for diverse molecular, cellular and physiological functions. Zn is crucial for crop yield, but is one of the most limiting micronutrients in soils. Grasses like rice, wheat, maize and barley are crucial sources of food and nutrients for humans. Zn deficiency in these species therefore not only reduces annual yield but also directly results in Zn malnutrition of more than two billion people in the world. There has been good progress in understanding Zn homeostasis and Zn deficiency mechanisms in plants. However, our current knowledge of monocots, including grasses, remains insufficient. In this review, we provide a summary of our knowledge of molecular Zn homeostasis mechanisms in monocots, with a focus on important cereal crops. We additionally highlight divergences in Zn homeostasis of monocots and the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana , as well as important gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed in future research on Zn homeostasis in cereal monocots.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of Plant Density and Harvest Time to Maximize Volatile Oil Accumulation in Two Aromatic Plants

Volatile oil, mainly extracted from aromatic plants, is widely used in medical, cosmetics, and other industries for its disinfection, sterilization, antioxidant, and other effects. The yield of volatile oil was influenced by plant density and harvest time. Here, two common aromatic plants, Perilla frutescens and Ysphania ambrosioide, were taken as examples to investigate the effects of plant density and harvest time on plant yield-related traits, content, and yield of volatile oil, and the oil yield was determined by steam distillation. Results showed that plant density and harvest time significantly affected the yield and quality of the two plants (p &lt; 0.05). Increasing plant density significantly increased the dry yield and leaf dry yield of P. frutescens, while the dry yield and volatile oil content and yield of Y. ambrosioides significantly decreased, and the maximum value exhibited was at the plant density of 80 cm × 80 cm. In P. frutescens, the maximum volatile oil content was obtained at the plant density of 60 cm × 60 cm, and the maximum volatile oil yield was obtained at the plant density of 30 cm × 30 cm. The yield and volatile oil yield of these two plants increased first and then decreased with the extension of harvest time. The maximum of P. frutescens was in mid-September, and that of Y. ambrosioides was in late October to early November. Our study provides new data for improving plant volatile oil yield and commercial value by optimizing planting density and harvest time and highlights the importance of optimizing planting management mode.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sumterms, Summands, Sumtuples, and Sums and the Meta-arithmetic of Summation

Sumterms are introduced as syntactic entities, and sumtuples are introduced as semantic entities. Equipped with these concepts a new description is obtained of the notion of a sum as (the name for) a role which can be played by a number. Sumterm splitting operators are introduced and it is argued that without further precautions the presence of these operators gives rise to instance of the so-called sum splitting paradox. A survey of solutions to the sum splitting paradox is given.

Topic: Logic, programming, and type systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman (Rutaceae)

Abstract Z. kleinii is an endemic species in Brazil. No reports of popular use, regarding its chemical composition or biological activities were reported to date. The study aimed to investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum kleinii leaves and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger apparatus, having a yield of 0.12% (v/m) volume of essential oil in relation to the amount of plant material. Quantitative analysis was performed by GC-MS and the results showed that the essential oil contains 30 compounds. The major compounds are monoterpene hydrocarbons, including β-phellandrene (37.80%), α-pinene (13.32%) and myrcene (10.05%). The essential oil showed no antibacterial activity against the strains tested (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus).

Topic: Plant chemical constituents analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Palaearctic Flea Species of the Genus Xenopsylla (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Parasitic on Gerbils (Rhombomys, Meriones) and Their Role in Natural Plague Foci

The taxonomic diversity, distribution patterns, and host-parasite relationships of fleas of the genus Xenopsylla (Pulicidae) are analyzed. Six species and two subspecies of Xenopsylla, associated with gerbils in the territory of Russia and adjacent countries, are known as the main, accessory, or occasional vectors of the plague pathogen.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rapid decrease of a pituitary mass with gonadotrophic and thyrotrophic insufficiency the case for lymphocytic hypophysitis?

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How Does Test Exemption Affect Schools’ and Students’ Academic Performance?

Analyzing data from a large urban district in Texas, this study examines how high-stakes test exemptions alter officially reported scores and asks whether test exemption has implications for the academic achievement of special education students. Test exemption inflated overall passing rates but especially affected the passing rates of African American and Hispanic students because these students were more likely to be exempted. Furthermore, our results suggest that tested special education students in Grades 3 through 8 performed better academically than they would have if they were not tested. However, taking the high-stakes test provided no academic benefit to special education students in Grades 9 through 11.

Topic: School Choice and Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Double-Shell-Target Implosion by Four Beams from the GEKKO IV Laser System

A double-shell-target implosion was studied with the GEKKO IV glass-laser system. The inner-shell trajectory, recorded for the first time by a newly developed two-frame x-ray shadowgraphy technique, was analyzed by a self-similar flow model, implying more than 20% outer-inner kinetic-energy conversion. The trajectory also agreed with a one-dimensional code result including a vacuum insulation effect. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation analyzed the illumination nonuniformity printed on the inner shell.

Topic: Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Sources and Evolution of the Swedish Attitude Towards Informational Security

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2014 not only had ignited the reconsideration of security and threat perceptions of European countries, but also forced governments to put in doubts their ability to tackle hostile propaganda and disinformation campaigns. One of the most noticeable evolutions in that sphere was observed in Sweden, which developed a multilayer system based on total defence concept and the whole-society approach.&lt;br/&gt;The author of this article states that the Swedish conception is a product of specific conditions, mainly Swedish historical experiences, social and political factors, media system as well as existing security policies rather than top-to-bottom planned governmental project. Further, the author analyzes determinants of constituting and establishing of such system, adresses the evolution process of institutional measures and, finally, presents the components of the contemporary system of disinformation countermeasures.

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences