jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lethality concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>) assay of <i>Phaleria macrocarpa</i> (Scheff.) boerl extract in fibroblast cell culture

Preeclampsia is a major cause in both maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia is still not fully elucidated but it is believed to be a multifactor. It is assumed that preeclampsia is caused by oxidative stress in placenta which cause endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In vitro model research is considered the best and most effective way to understand the disease pathophysiology. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl also known as Mahkota Dewa is widely used as an antioxidant because of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols properties. The phenol and flavonoid compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to determine Phaleria macrocarpa extract's LC50 in fibroblast cell primary culture. The LC50 was measured based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The LC50 of Ethyl Acetate fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa extract was 38.16 ppm and the LC50 of N-Hexane Fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa extract was 157.91 ppm, both measured at 550 nm wavelength. Phaleria macrocarpa extract's LC50 obtained later can be used as reference in subsequent research using trophoblast cell and HUVEC cultures. Further studies regarding the optimal dose of Phaleria macrocarpa extract for clinical trial are encouraged.

Topic: Tannin, Tannase and Anticancer Activities
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Human microbiota: A crucial gatekeeper in lung cancer initiation, progression, and treatment

Lung cancer is becoming one of the most detrimental cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality rate of all cancers, posing a significant burden for the global health system. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacy of traditional lung cancer therapies still remains relatively unsatisfying with varied responsiveness and unexpected adverse effects. Fortunately, studies have reported that an intimate relationship might exist between microbiota and lung carcinoma. Notably, microbial dysbiosis might result in changes in the metabolism, induction of immunosuppression, and recruitment of inflammatory factors, thereby driving lung carcinogenesis. Certain microbial strains were identified to be specifically enriched in the lung tumor beds, indicating their predictive role in lung cancer. Furthermore, the particular microbial composition was also proved to potentiate the outcomes of lung cancer therapies, suggesting that lung and gut microbiome were promising to be clinically applied for lung cancer therapy. In this review, we will comprehensively summarize the recent findings on how microbes mediate the initiation, progression, and treatment of lung cancer, illustrating the potential mechanisms and probing into the putative manipulation of microbiota to facilitate lung cancer treatments.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy of a self‐help parenting intervention for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adjunct to usual treatment—Small‐scale randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Multimodal intervention incorporating psychosocial intervention and medication is recommended for school‐aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the adjunctive benefit of the self‐help version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP‐SH) when offered in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU alone. Method Fifty‐two children, receiving medication for ADHD as part of their usual care, were randomized to receive NFPP‐SH + TAU or TAU alone. Results When used in adjunct to TAU, NFPP‐SH may have beneficial effects for parenting efficacy ( F = 6.28, p = 0.02), child social performance in school and negative comments made by parents during a recorded speech sample. However, the self‐help intervention did not have any additional effect on child behaviour. Conclusions This study provides further support for self‐help interventions as potentially low‐intensity and cost‐effective alternatives to therapist‐led parenting interventions. The findings require replication in larger samples before any firm conclusions about adjunctive efficacy of NFPP‐SH can be drawn but underline the potential for self‐help within routine treatment ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02174952).

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Public Perception of the Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Crowdsourced Study

Background: The vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) denotes brain-injured, awake patients who are seemingly without awareness. Still, up to 15% of these patients show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or EEG, which is known as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). Most experts prefer the term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome to avoid the negative connotations associated with vegetative state and to highlight the possibility for CMD. However, the perception of VS/UWS by the public has never been studied systematically. Methods: Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1297 participants from 32 countries. We investigated if vegetative state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome might have a different influence on attitudes towards VS/UWS and CMD. Results: Participants randomized to be inquired about the vegetative state believed that CMD was less common (mean estimated frequency in unresponsive patients 38.07% &amp;plusmn; SD 25.15) than participants randomized to unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (42.29% &amp;plusmn; SD 26.63; p=0.016). Attitudes towards treatment withdrawal were similar. Most participants preferred unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (60.05%), although a sizeable minority favored vegetative state (24.21%; difference 35.84%, 95% CI 29.36&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;41.87; p&amp;lt;0.0001). Searches on PubMed and Google Trends revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome is increasingly used by academics but not lay people.Discussion: Simply replacing vegetative state with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may not be fully appropriate given that 1 of 4 prefer the first term. We suggest that physicians take advantage of the controversy around the terminology to explain relatives the concept of CMD and its ethical implications.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of Bisphosphonates on Alveolar Bone Loss Around Osseointegrated Implants

A bstract The relationship between bisphosphonates (BP) and dental implant failure has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this retrospective radiographic study was to examine whether patients who take BP are at greater risk of implant failure than patients not using those agents. Treatment records of 362 consecutively treated patients receiving endosseous dental implants were reviewed. The patient population consisted of 227 women and 135 men with a mean age of 56 years (range: 17–87 years), treated in the University at Buffalo Postgraduate Clinic from 1997–2008. Demographic information collected included age, gender, smoking status, as well as systemic conditions and medication use. Implant characteristics reviewed included system, date of placement, date of follow-up radiographs, surgical complications, number of exposed threads, and implant failure. The relationship between BP and implant failure was analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis. Twenty-six patients using BP received a total of 51 dental implants. Three implants failed, yielding success rates of 94.11% and 88.46% for the implant-based and subject-based analyses, respectively. Using the GEE statistical method we found a statistically significant ( P = .001; OR = 3.25) association between the use of BP and implant thread exposure. None of the other variables studied were statistically associated with implant failure or thread exposure. In conclusion, patients taking BP may be at higher risk for implant thread exposure.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Redox‐Mediated Artificial Non‐Enzymatic Antioxidant MXene Nanoplatforms for Acute Kidney Injury Alleviation

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI), as a common oxidative stress‐related renal disease, causes high mortality in clinics annually, and many other clinical diseases, including the pandemic COVID‐19, have a high potential to cause AKI, yet only rehydration, renal dialysis, and other supportive therapies are available for AKI in the clinics. Nanotechnology‐mediated antioxidant therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment. However, current enzyme‐mimicking nanoantioxidants show poor biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as non‐specific ROS level regulation, further potentially causing deleterious adverse effects. Herein, the authors report a novel non‐enzymatic antioxidant strategy based on ultrathin Ti 3 C 2 ‐PVP nanosheets (TPNS) with excellent biocompatibility and great chemical reactivity toward multiple ROS for AKI treatment. These TPNS nanosheets exhibit enzyme/ROS‐triggered biodegradability and broad‐spectrum ROS scavenging ability through the readily occurring redox reaction between Ti 3 C 2 and various ROS, as verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that TPNS can serve as efficient antioxidant platforms to scavenge the overexpressed ROS and subsequently suppress oxidative stress‐induced inflammatory response through inhibition of NF‐ κ B signal pathway for AKI treatment. This study highlights a new type of therapeutic agent, that is, the redox‐mediated non‐enzymatic antioxidant MXene nanoplatforms in treatment of AKI and other ROS‐associated diseases.

Topic: Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growth Defect and Mutator Phenotypes of RecQ-Deficient <i>Neurospora crassa</i> Mutants Separately Result From Homologous Recombination and Nonhomologous End Joining During Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Abstract RecQ helicases function in the maintenance of genome stability in many organisms. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has two RecQ homologs, QDE3 and RECQ2. We found that the qde-3 recQ2 double mutant showed a severe growth defect. The growth defect was alleviated by mutation in mei-3, the homolog of yeast RAD51, which is required for homologous recombination (HR), suggesting that HR is responsible for this phenotype. We also found that the qde-3 recQ2 double mutant showed a mutator phenotype, yielding mostly deletions. This phenotype was completely suppressed by mutation of mus-52, a homolog of the human KU80 gene that is required for nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), but was unaffected by mutation of mei-3. The high spontaneous mutation frequency in the double mutant is thus likely to be due to NHEJ acting on an elevated frequency of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and we therefore suggest that QDE3 and RECQ2 maintain chromosome stability by suppressing the formation of spontaneous DSBs.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Testing for bank competition in Nigeria: a conjectural variation approach

The Nigerian banking system has over the past decade experienced significant and rapid structural changes, with a lot of important effects on the degree of competitiveness of the banking industry using firm level balance sheet and income statement data for the period 1997 to 2001. We adopt the conjectural variation approach for the analyses of competition. In this perspective, we estimate a simultaneous equation model, formed by a cost equation and a supply equation, the latter containing a behavioral parameter to identify and assess the market conduct of banks. Our finding is that the estimated degree of competition is usually lying between the perfectly competitive and perfectly collusive values, but above the Cournot values indicating a fairly competitive pattern of behaviour. Large banks have been characterized by more competitive conduct. Also, region-wide and Lagos/West regional banks exhibit stronger competitive conduct. African Journal of Economic Policy Vol. 9(2) 2002: 21–50

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Concordance of circulating tumor DNA and imaging surveillance in patients with urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma post-immunotherapy.

597 Background: Early detection of recurrence in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may improve patient outcomes. Conventional imaging techniques may not identify early molecular relapses that precede clinical relapse. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for the early detection of disease relapse. This study aims to evaluate the concordance of molecular relapses by ctDNA and radiographic progression in patients with UC and RCC who are off immunotherapy due to intolerance of side effects or completion of treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of locally advanced/advanced UC and RCC patients who were treated at The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital from November 2021 to September 2024. Patients who completed planned immunotherapy followed by imaging and ctDNA surveillance were included. ctDNA levels were measured using the Signatera tissue informed assay at intervals of 4 to 12 weeks. Imaging surveillance schedules were at the treating physician discretion. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and ctDNA levels were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 36 patients were included: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, n = 10), metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC, n = 10), locally advanced RCC (n = 4), and metastatic RCC (mRCC, n = 12). The median follow-up was 39.5 weeks (range: 1–138 weeks), with a median age of 67.5 years (range: 41–83 years), and 72.2% were male. At the time of immunotherapy discontinuation, ctDNA was negative in all patients except one mRCC patient (ctDNA 0.95 MTM/mL). During surveillance, 9 patients (25%) - 5 mUC and 4 mRCC - became ctDNA-positive, of which, eight showed radiographic progression, while one mRCC patient (ctDNA 0.15 MTM/mL) did not. None of the 27 patients (75%) that continued to have negative ctDNA had radiographic progression. For the 8 patients with progression, the median time from stopping immunotherapy to ctDNA relapse was 17.5 weeks (range: 11–42 weeks). The median time from ctDNA relapse to imaging-confirmed progression was 22 weeks (range: 13–43 weeks). At progression, ctDNA levels ranged from 0.08 to 136.49 MTM/mL (median: 2.33 MTM/mL). Six of the 20 metastatic patients (30%) relapsed despite negative ctDNA at immunotherapy discontinuation. Conclusions: ctDNA positivity occurs much earlier and is highly concordant with radiographic progression in patients with locally advanced/advanced UC and RCC under post-immunotherapy surveillance. These findings suggest that ctDNA is a promising tool for early disease relapse detection in these patients. Further studies are warranted to validate these results and establish standardized ctDNA surveillance protocols.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Investigation of Building Seismic Design Parameters in Mataram City Using Lombok Earthquake 2018 Ground Motion

Mataram is the capital of West Nusa Tenggara. West Nusa Tenggara is made up of two islands, Lombok and Sumbawa. The 2018 earthquake on Lombok undoubtedly affected spectral acceleration. This is an important factor to be addressed in structural design. Short-period spectral acceleration, SS,increases 18.323% compared to the value listed in seismic code SNI 1976:2012, corresponding to a 2500-year return period. However, even if the SS value increases, the design category of the building does not change and remains in the D category. In general, the acceleration value in this study was found to be relatively greater than that of the existing code for periods of less than 0.462 s for site class D and in periods of less than 0.830 s in site class E. In addition, the seismic response coefficient, CS, for medium soil increases by 10.782% compared to the CS calculated using of the current code. This effect is more severe in soft soil areas, where the increase reaches 13.168%. Improving existing codes with seismic design parameters for new buildings affected by the ground motion of recent strong earthquakes will lead to more preparedness and will be an important part of local disaster risk reduction.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Editing political diaries

The witness seminar was held in December 1991 at the Institute of Historical Research in London. It examined some of the key issues surrounding the editing of political diaries, including what to edit, the motivation of the diarist and the value of diaries to historians.\n\nPeter Catterall of the ICBH was in the chair. The three principal speakers were Ruth Winstone, editor of Tony Benn's diaries, David Brooks, editor of the diary of Sir Edward Hamilton, and John Barnes, co‐editor with David Nicholson, of the diary of Leo Amery. Other contributors included Jad Adams (biographer of Tony Benn), Kathleen Burk (co‐author of a study of the 1976 IMF crisis), Philip Williamson (editor of the diary of William Bridgeman), M.R.D. Foot (an editor of the Gladstone diaries), and Stuart Ball (editor of the diary of Sir Cuthbert Headlam).

Topic: Data Analysis and Archiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Hidden Semantics of Time: to adore implicitly lasts longer than to bite

Does to sneeze or to age implicitly convey the time scales at which we experience these events? To age appears to capture a persistent or durative state in life, whereas to sneeze appears more punctual in time. Here, we tested whether the meaning of verbs, outside of discourse or sentential context, implicitly convey an inner sense of time. For this, we used a series of categorization tasks to evaluate the implicit associations of verb meaning with psychological duration. Participants categorized verbs according to their linguistic aspect (punctual/durative) and according to four timeframes (temporal categorization). Last, we tested the association between linguistic aspect and psychological timeframes. We report reliable aspectual and temporal categorizations of verbs and, crucially, implicit associations between aspect and timeframe. Our findings suggest that outside sentential contexts, verbs implicitly convey timing information. These results have important implications for the understudied semantics and conceptual aspects of time in Human psychology and psycholinguistics.

Topic: Categorization, perception, and language
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE SEARCH FOR THE MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CIVILIZATION RIFTS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the discussion context, in the center of which is the search for the missionof the university in the conditions of changes and transformations of a global character. The focus was on the literaturedevoted to the topic of university education transformations, and to the topic of the university's mission and idea, inparticular. The authors present for discussion the central ideas of well-known specialists in the field of philosophy,narrower specialists in the philosophy of education, sociology, epistemology in order to isolate the central points ofthe discussion, their criticism, pluralistic in its content, characteristic for each point correlated with the problem. Atthe same time, the possible main trajectories for the further discussion of education problems are described andevaluated. The most important of the latest ones in this direction are the understanding of societal transformations ona global scale, new opportunities in the intellectual and cognitive space associated with changing concepts of thinking,preservation of the best values of the Modern era, which strengthen the main characteristics of humanity. It is shownthat only in this case the possibility remains for the University to fulfil its main mission of formation of the humanefuture.

Topic: Central Asia Education and Culture
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The descriptive macrooperaciÃ³n: their logical-discursive operations.

In the present research we adopt the Textual Linguistic point of view whose approachs are based on semantics and pragmatics. The analysis from this point of view goes from Linguistics to Cognition. The proposals approach comes from the concept of âsquematizationâ and part from the assumption that the different macro-operations of discourse -Description in our case- are logical-discoursive operations. We also incorporated to our operative model, the variacionist model of Labov.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efforts to reduce homemaker/home health aide turnover in a home care agency

The Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of the Denver area conducted an action research project that identified and reduced high turnover rates of homemakers and home health aides. The research team worked to minimize attrition in the VNA's professional staff, which had annual turnover in excess of 95% and staffing losses as high as 60% from the first to the second day of employment. Through a collaborative effort within the organization, the team decreased turn over and reduced staffing losses to 25%, resulting in a first-year savings to the VNA of more than $5,900. Key words: reduction of home health aide turnover

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Colonic pouch].

The tendency towards sphincter-preserving resection for distal rectal cancers has led to a revival of the technique of coloanal anastomosis (CAA) in recent years. In order to improve functional results, creation of a colonic J-pouch in conjunction with a coloanal anastomosis (CPA) was proposed. Two different operation techniques exist: i) Double-stapling with the anastomosis close to the dentate line and ii) intersphincteric resection with the anastomosis located immediately at the dentate line. A long rectal remnant after double-stapling leads to urgency in 15% of the patients due to stool retention in the atonic remnant. No propulsive motility patterns were recorded from the pouch which is emptied passively by upper colonic peristalsis. Therefore colonic pouches should be fashioned of descending colon and should not exceed a length of 6 cm in order to prevent stool fragmentation. Under these conditions the average stool frequency is reduced from 2-6/d after CAA to 1-3/d after CPA. This effect is maximal during the first postoperative months, but is still significant after 3 years. Colonic pouch construction also leads, due to better blood supply and prevention of pelvic hematomas, to a significant decrease of the anastomotic insufficiency rate from 10.0% after CAA to 5.4% after CPA. Therefore creation of a colonic J-pouch should be combined with coloanal reconstruction if the oncologic situation allows a sphincter-preserving procedure.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences