jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Politics, Identity and Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Richard Ali’s "City of Memories"

Abstract The North-Central part of Nigeria especially the city of Jos was once a bastion of peace and a settler’s haven because of its azure weather, fertile vegetation and infectious cordial and hospitable inter-human relationship among its inhabitants. As Nigeria’s ‘melting pot’, Jos has a significant place in Nigeria’s politico-economic and social history. In recent times, Jos has witnessed and keeps witnessing some political and social upheavals. As literature is a reflection and representation of the society, this study examines the extent to which the social and political events in Jos, North-central Nigeria, characterize the basic ingredients with which Richard Ali concocts the events in his novel, City of Memories. Applying the theory of New Historicism, the essay evaluates the literary dimensions of ethno-religious violence which are taking frightening dimensions in Nigeria, and identifies possible suggestions made in respect to their causes, consequences and possible ways of management and control.

Topic: Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

In an editorial1published inThe Journalin July 1942 I was quoted—and quoted correctly—as stating that of all cases diagnosed as carcinoma of the prostate in the Brady Urological Institute the radical operation was carried out in approximately 5 per cent. This question was raised in a discussion at a meeting of the New England branch of the American Urological Association, and without any available figures, in a desire to be conservative, I gave my impression that about 5 per cent of all cases of carcinoma of the prostate seen in any clinic would be found suitable for the radical operation.2 The publication of the aforementioned editorial, and particularly my statement, which was given purely as an impression and without the background of any statistical data, led me to make a study with as thorough a follow-up as possible to determine the end results of all cases

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from Epigenetic Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase MKP-2 Relieves Its Growth Suppressive Activity in Glioma Cells

Supplementary Figure 3 from Epigenetic Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase MKP-2 Relieves Its Growth Suppressive Activity in Glioma Cells

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 5_Binding to U373 cells expressing gH monomer

Supplementary Figure 5. The gH mAbs recognize conformational epitopes generated during HCMV infection. (a) ARPE-19 cells infected with AD169R (MOI 0.1) and collected 6 dpi were characterized for antibody (2 ug/mL) binding to the surface of infected cells by flow cytometry. (b) U373 gH cells were stained by immunofluorescence (2 ug/mL) and binding was quanti ed by ow cytometry. gH monomer does not traffic to the cellsurface without complexing with gL or UL116 and thus no binding is detected in live cells. The majority of antibody are able to detect intracellular gH in fixed and permeabilized U373-gH cells. Each plot is a representative plot from technical triplicates (n=3) and the experiment was performed in experimental duplicates (n=2).

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intelligent Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radical Gastrectomy under Laparoscope

The study focused on the influence of intelligent algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on short-term curative effects of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based algorithm was used to segment MRI images of patients with gastric cancer, and 158 subjects admitted at hospital were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into the 3D laparoscopy group and 2D laparoscopy group, with 79 cases in each group. The two groups were compared for operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of dissected lymph nodes, exhaust time, time to get out of bed, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The results showed that the CNN-based algorithm had high accuracy with clear contours. The similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.89, the sensitivity was 0.93, and the average time to process an image was 1.1 min. The 3D laparoscopic group had shorter operation time (86.3 ± 21.0 min vs. 98 ± 23.3 min) and less intraoperative blood loss (200 ± 27.6 mL vs. 209 ± 29.8 mL) than the 2D laparoscopic group, and the difference was statistically significant ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>P</a:mi> <a:mo>&lt;</a:mo> <a:mn>0.05</a:mn> </a:math> ). The number of dissected lymph nodes was 38.4 ± 8.5 in the 3D group and 36.1 ± 6.0 in the 2D group, showing no statistically significant difference ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>P</c:mi> <c:mo>&gt;</c:mo> <c:mn>0.05</c:mn> </c:math> ). At the same time, no statistically significant difference was noted in postoperative exhaust time, time to get out of bed, postoperative hospital stay, and the incidence of complications ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>P</e:mi> <e:mo>&gt;</e:mo> <e:mn>0.05</e:mn> </e:math> ). It was concluded that the algorithm in this study can accurately segment the target area, providing a basis for the preoperative examination of gastric cancer, and that 3D laparoscopic surgery can shorten the operation time and reduce intraoperative bleeding, while achieving similar short-term curative effects to 2D laparoscopy.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of algorithms to identify individuals with Neurofibromatosis type 1 within administrative data and electronic medical records in Ontario, Canada.

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> There is limited population-based data on Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) in North America. We aimed to develop and validate algorithms using administrative health data and electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify individuals with NF1 in Ontario, Canada. <bold>Methods</bold>: We conducted an electronic free-text search of 15 commonly-used terms related to NF1 in the Electronic Medical Records Primary Care Database. Records were reviewed by two trained abstractors who classified them as confirmed, possible, and not NF1. An investigator with clinical expertise performed final NF1 classification. Patients were classified as confirmed if there was a documented diagnosis, meeting NIH criteria. Patients were classified as possible if 1) NF1 was recorded in the cumulative patient profile, but no clinical information to support the diagnosis; 2) only one criterion for diagnosis (e.g. child of confirmed case) but no further data to confirm or rule out. We tested different combinations of outpatient and inpatient billing codes, and applied a free-text search algorithm to identify NF1 cases in administrative data and EMRs, respectively.<bold>Results:</bold> Of 273,440 eligible patients, 2,058 had one or more NF1 terms in their medical records. The terms “NF”, “café-au-lait”, or “sheath tumour” were constrained to appear in combination with another NF1 term. This resulted in 837 patients: 37 with possible and 71 with confirmed NF1. The population prevalence ranged from 1 in 3851 (confirmed NF1) to 1 in 2532 (possible and confirmed NF1). Billing code algorithms had poor performance, with overall low PPV (highest being 71%). The accuracy of the free-text EMR algorithm in identifying patients with NF1 was: sensitivity 85% (95% CI:74-92%), specificity 100% (95% CI:100-100%), positive predictive value 80% (95% CI:69-88%), negative predictive value 100% (95% CI:100-100%), and false positive rate 20% (95% CI:11-33%). Of false positives, 53% were possible NF1. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> A free-text search algorithm within the EMR had high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Algorithms using billing codes had poor performance, likely due to the lack of NF-specific codes for outpatient visits. While NF1 ICD-9 and 10 codes are used for hospital admissions, only ~30% of confirmed NF1 cases had a hospitalization associated with an NF1 code.

Topic: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clone Merge -- An Eclipse Plugin to Abstract Near-Clone C++ Methods

Software clones are prevalent. In the work of Laguë et al. [2], they observe that 6.4% and 7.5% of the source code in different versions of a large, mature code base are clones. The work of Baxter et al. [1] reports even higher numbers, sometimes exceeding 25%. We consider the prevalence of such near miss clones to be strong indicators that copy-paste-modify is a wide-spread development methodology. Even though clones are prevalent, they are a significant development headache. Specially, if bugs arise in one of the clones, they need to be fixed in all of the clones. This problem is acknowledged in the work of Juergens et al. [4] who say in their work that "cloning can be a substantial problem during development and maintenance", since "inconsistent clones constitute a major source of faults". A similar concern is raised in practitioner literature [3] suggesting that clones should be removed in some form or the other. We present a tool that can be installed as a plugin to Eclipse CDT, the development environment for C/C++. The research prototype comes with a refactoring option called "Copy Paste merge" refactoring, which is available as a menu option in the modified version of the Eclipse CDT.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neutrosophic triplets in some neutrosophic rings

In this paper, some mistakes about the neutrosophic triplets of some neutrosophic rings in the literature are pointed out and corrected. For this purpose, the neutrosophic triplets in neutrosophic rings , and where Z, Q and R denote the ring of integers, field of rationals and field of reals respectively are reinvestigated. It was claimed that has only trivial neutrosophic triplet in a paper which was recently published in Mathematics. But, as a result of the calculations, it was seen that has non-trivial neutrosophic triplets. Also neutrosophic triplets of the rings and in the same literature was calculated incomplete.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards a performance estimate in semi-structured processes

Semi-structured processes are business workflows, where the execution of the workflow is not completely controlled by a workflow engine, i.e., an implementation of a formal workflow model. Examples are workflows where actors potentially have interaction with customers reporting the result of the interaction in a process aware information system. Building a performance model for resource management in these processes is difficult since the information required for a performance model is only partially recorded. In this paper we propose a systematic approach for the creation of an event log that is suitable for available process mining tools. This event log is created by an incremental cleansing of data. The proposed approach is evaluated in a case study where the quality of the derived event log i assessed by domain experts.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fairness and Inclusion for Users of Surface Transport—An Exploratory Thematic Study for Irish Users

This paper explores the conditions of public transport with respect to user accessibility, design of infrastructure, and safety from a gendered perspective. Our investigation aims to understand the factors that direct a citizen’s choice of whether or not to use public transport. Our discussion is focused on gender disparities among user experiences, so we confine our focus to that of women’s perspectives and their experiences with public transport use. A framework for our discussion was formed with consideration of the theoretical aspects of fairness, justice, and gender in transport, as well as user statistics. We identified several spaces where public transport policy planning and implementation may be improved in order to balance gender disparity of access, safety, and security across the gender divide. (We acknowledge that both distinct and interchangeable definitions of safety and security exist. In this work, we err to the latter, while also recognising from user-based qualitative data that safety concerns are not limited to infrastructure, but also relate to other unwanted sources of physical, mental, or emotional harm experienced within the transport system.) Primary among these was the necessity of both the acknowledgment and appreciation of the issues disproportionately experienced by women. A one-size-fits-all approach was found to ill-recognise the societal minutiae of constant caring responsibilities, income limitations, ability/disability, or the effects of past negative experiences faced by women. We conclude that improvements may be achieved by targeting and meeting actual, not just perceived need.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Me<sub>3</sub>SiN(PPh<sub>3</sub>)·ICN]:  A New Labile Donor−Acceptor Complex

The reaction behavior of trimethylsilyl phosphanimine, Me3SiNPPh3, toward the pseudohalogen species XCN (X = Cl, Br, and I), especially the intermediate formation of [Me3SiN(PPh3)-XCN] adduct complexes, was investigated in solution. Only the ICN adduct was shown to be metastable in solution, with respect to further reaction into Ph3PNCN and Me3SiX, and can be intercepted. Raman and X-ray data of the ICN adduct revealed a very labile donor-acceptor complex with the iodine atom of the ICN moiety loosely bound to the nitrogen atom of Me3SiNPPh3. There are two distinct rather long N...I bonds with bond lengths of 2.634(1) and 2.739(14) A. The structure and bonding are discussed on the basis of natural bond orbital analysis and valence bond considerations.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliquantha variipes gen. & sp. nov., a peculiar new taxon of Anthomyzidae (Diptera) from Great Britain with uncertain relationships

Roháček, Jindřich (2013): Reliquantha variipes gen. & sp. nov., a peculiar new taxon of Anthomyzidae (Diptera) from Great Britain with uncertain relationships. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2): 793-814, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740784

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ethnography and Phenomenology Studies: Its’ Use in Nursing Research as Qualitative Methods

Ethnography and phenomenological research in nursing could make a worthwhile contribution to nursing science and practice. Ethnography and phenomenology study should be considered as an alternative research approach in nursing study. Both Ethnography and phenomenology methods are useful to reveal lived experiences of patients and nurses in health care services. A nursing researcher might utilise an ethnographic approach to explicate the ways of living of people in particular cultures, emphasizing the role of culture in shaping experience rather than the meaning of the experience and exploring the beliefs, language, behaviours and social dynamics of a particular cultural group. The use of phenomenological research in nursing could make a worthwhile contribution to nursing science and practice. Nursing is principally a human relationship including interactions between nurses and patients, nurses and families, nurses and nurses, or nurses and other professionals without necessarily connecting to a particular cultural identity. There are several aspects affect the use of Ethnography and phenomenology methods in nursing research.

Topic: Nursing education and management
Subfield: Research and Theory
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Management Strategies and Policy Initiatives for Bridging Gender Gap in Science and Technology Education on Nigerian Higher Institutions of Learning

Education is an essential instrument for the empowerment of girls and women. In the same manner, quality education designed for women and girls immediate and strategic needs, builds their capacities and prepares them to occupy positions and creates opportunities for them in the public and private sectors in every society. The Millenium Development Goals (2000), the Education for All (1990), Dakar (2000) and the Beijing Platform as well as the most recent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have consistently placed emphasis on the importance of education in promoting gender equality and advancement of women. In Nigeria, as in many developing economies, there is a gender gap in science and technology education with girl-child and women at a disadvantage state; this has led successive governments to introduce some interventions to address the issue at the basic, secondary and tertiary levels of education. Although, Nigeria educational reform as stated in the National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDs) document also shows considerable focus on girls higher education but one can say that up till now, a lot of Nigerian girls and women unlike their male counterparts are still not enrolled at the tertiary level. The paper examined issues relating to gender disparities and participation in science and technology education with a view to developing a model towards reducing the observed gender gap in higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. The paper also proposes the management strategies and policy initiatives that can be adopted to bridge the existing gender gap in science and technology education in order to achieve gender equity.

Topic: Gender, Education, and Development Issues
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors affecting deposit formation in foul condensate stripping systems

In kraft pulp mills, foul condensates are often steam-stripped to produce clean condensate for use as process water. The formation of organic deposits in the stripped condensate is a common problem. A systematic study was conducted to examine the deposit composition and the most likely operating parameters responsible for stripped condensate contamination experienced at a kraft mill in Brazil. Daily averaged data of 170 operating parameters over a 15-month period were analyzed by means of multivariate discriminant analysis and random forest classification analysis. The results showed that the deposit formation is related to high temperature, pressure, and dry solids operations in various evaporator effects. These conditions, combined with the poor demisting efficiency in these effects, may have increased black liquor carryover mist in the vapor. Deposit formation also appeared to be related to increased throughput of the foul condensate stripping system and increased pressure in the stripper. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analyses show that the deposit consists of mostly organic matter that likely originated from wood extractives and lignin.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Case Studies of Parallel Anode CP Systems for Pipelines Using Two-and Three-dimensional B.E.M. Computer Simulations

Abstract This paper presents the effects of changing physical parameters on the performance of parallel ribbon, sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems for coated pipelines. The mathematical model accounts for the current and potential distributions associated with discrete holidays on coated pipelines that expose bare steel to the environment. Case studies have been selected to show conditions under which a given CP system will and will not protect the pipe. An evaluation of remedial CP system upgrades to enhance the performance of a given system will also be discussed.

Topic: Pulsed Power Technology Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A fundamental noise limit for biased resistors at low temperatures

A biased resistor at low temperature T is modelled by a degenerate Fermi gas whose electrons scatter from phonons in thermal equilibrium and impurities while moving in the presence of a finite electric field E. A nonperturbative solution of the Boltzmann equation valid for thin films yields a Fermi-like steady state distribution characterized by an effective temperature T* (&amp;gt;T). For large fields the energy scale (T*) is set by the energy (eEl*) absorbed in an inelastic mean free path (l*∝T*−3/2). This yields T* proportional to E2/5. At low temperatures and frequencies the Johnson noise temperature is T*, independent of the bath temperature for large fields.

Topic: Thermal properties of materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Labyrinth of Good Intentions: Transmitting Repressed Trauma via Fairy Tales

In several novels, the fairy tale is used as a metaphor for the experience of the Holocaust, as a means of either better understanding that experience or for altering dreadful reality. While these narratives provide insight and provoke emotional reactions, they also usually exist in the past. Lisa Goldstein's story Breadcrumbs and Stones resides in the "now" - the mother and her daughters are still actively suffering from the events of the Holocaust. The reader shares not only their experiences, but is also also placed in the same temporal and spatial proximity as the characters, and thus compelling the reader to ask 'Is there anything that I can do to help them escape from the forest?'

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development and validation of scales to measure environmental responsibility, character development, and attitudes toward school

This investigation examines the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures to develop and validate scales to measure environmental responsibility, character development and leadership, and attitudes toward school for environmental education programs servicing middle school children. The scales represent outcomes commonly of interest to environmental education programs and also to after‐school and positive youth development activities. First, we developed the scales using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and then we used multi‐group longitudinal CFA to cross‐validate the model with data collected before participation in the environmental education program, immediately after the program, and three months later. The results support a three‐factor model, producing three scales that appear to be valid and reliable.

Topic: Environmental Education and Sustainability
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences