jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urban Analysis for the XXI Century: Using Pervasive Infrastructures for Modeling Urban Dynamics

how cell phone networks could help in the future to modeling urban infrastructures With the increasing capabilities of mobile devices, individuals leave behind footprints of their interaction with the urban environment. As a result, new research areas, such as urban computing and smart cities, focus on improving the quality of life in an urban environment by understanding city dynamics. Traditionally, urban analysis has used data obtained from surveys. However, new data sources (including GPS, Wi-Fi hotspots, geo-tagged social networks, etc.) are becoming more relevant as traditional techniques face important limitations, mainly: (1) the complexity and cost of capturing survey data; (2) the fact that the data is static and represents a snapshot of the situation in a specific moment in time and (3) the increasing unwillingness of individuals to provide (what they perceived to be) personal information. One of the main new data sources relevant for the study of urban environments are cell phone records, as they contain a wide range of human dynamics information (ranging from mobility, to social context and social networks) that can be used to characterize individuals or

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Improved Synthesis of Optically Active Ipsdienol

In our preceding publication a simple procedure&#13;\nwas described for the preparation of both enantiomers&#13;\nof monoterpene alcohol ipsdienol 1, an actual&#13;\npheromone component of bark beetle of genus Ips. The&#13;\nkey synthesis stage was the resolution of the direct&#13;\nprecursor of the ipsdienol, (±)-6-methyl-2-(2-&#13;\nchloroethyl)hepta-1,5-dien-4-ol by its conversion into&#13;\nacid phthalate and the crystallization of the acid&#13;\nphthalate as salt with (+)- or (–)-1-phenylethylamine.&#13;\nThen the optically active acid phthalates (S)-2 and (R)-&#13;\n2 were treated with potassium tert-butylate in tertbutyl&#13;\nalcohol. By the dehydrochlorination and the&#13;\nsimultaneous alcoholysis of the ester moiety in one&#13;\nstage (S)- or (R)-ipsdienol was obtained in a 55% yield.

Topic: Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dually charged mesoatom on the space of constant negative curvature

The discrete spectrum solutions corresponding to dually charged mesoatom on the space of constant negative curvature are obtained. The discrete spectrum of energies is finite and vanishes when the magnetic charge of the nucleus exceeds the critical value.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent advances in biosensors for analysis of DNA/RNA methylation

DNA and RNA methylation are essential epigenetic modifications that play a pivotal role in various physiological processes by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Abnormal DNA/RNA methylation is closely linked to a range of human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Therefore, the accurate and sensitive detection of DNA/RNA methylation is of great importance in both epigenetic biology research and disease diagnosis. Technological advancements have led to the comprehensive development of methylation detection methods. Among these, electrochemical techniques have garnered significant attention owing to their simplicity and effectiveness in detection. This review provides an overview of methylation detection technologies based on electrochemical principles developed over the past five years, including electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, and fluorescence methodologies. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, challenges and advancements in methylation detection.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vessel element and fiber length variation in successive cambia of Iresine latifolia (Amaranthaceae)

The size of the axial cell elements of wood, vessel elements and fibers, increases or decreases from pith to stem periphery in the species that have been studied with successive cambium such as members of the Menispermaceae. Iresine latifolia (Amaranthaceae) was selected for this study because it is a scandent shrub widely distributed in Mexico with successive cambia. The objectives were to quantify vessel element and fiber lengths in each of the vascular rings, to evaluate whether cellular size increases or decreases from pith to periphery, and to describe its wood. Macerations were performed for each of the secondary xylem rings present in 3 individual samples, and permanent slides were prepared using conventional procedures for wood. Observations showed that I. latifolia has 13–36 concentric rings, each ring showing an active cambium. Like other species of Amaranthaceae, there are nucleated fibers and multiseriate rays with a meristematic center. Variance analyses showed significant differences between vessel element and fiber lengths between only some of the vascular rings from pith to periphery. These results suggest that the parenchyma cells, from which the new cambium is derived, reach the size of the fusiform initial cells early in the differentiation process.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Autism-associated mutations in K <sub>V</sub> 7 channels induce gating pore current

Significance Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) adversely impacts &gt;1% of children, causing social interaction deficits, repetitive behaviors, and communication disorders. Genetic analysis of ASD has advanced dramatically through genome sequencing, which has identified &gt;500 genes with mutations in ASD. Mutations in the voltage sensor of the voltage-gated potassium (K V ) channel K V 7 are frequently associated with ASD. We discovered that these ASD mutations cause an ionic leak through the voltage sensor, termed gating pore current. When these mutations were inserted into the genome of mouse dopamine neurons, they caused a dramatic alteration in the ability of those neurons to fire action potentials in response to electrical stimulation. These changes would impair information processing in neurons, leading to broad changes in brain function.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identifying selective PDHK inhibitors using coupled tensor matrix completion and experimental validation

Abstract Drug discovery often involves targeting specific members within a family of similar proteins. For example, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) exists as four isozymes, which exhibit varying expression patterns across multiple tissues. Different PDHK isozymes have been implicated in conditions such as cancer, heart failure, and diabetes, suggesting that targeting them with inhibitors may offer therapeutic benefits. However, simultaneous inhibition of all four PDHK isozymes has the potential to be counterproductive, or poorly tolerated, highlighting a need for isoform-selective PDHK inhibitors. Despite multiple prior reports of PDHK inhibitors, identifying isoform-specific inhibitors for each PDHK isozyme has proven elusive. In this work, we propose a comprehensive framework that combines a machine learning-based prediction method and biochemical testing to screen a library of novel and previously reported compounds, thereby identifying selective inhibitors for PDHK isozymes. Initially, a coupled tensor matrix completion (CTMC) approach is employed to predict compound-target interaction (CTI) and pinpoint target-specific inhibitors. Subsequently, biochemical testing is performed to validate the predicted CTIs. Utilizing this approach, we successfully identified five novel PDHK1-specific inhibitors, underscoring the reliability of this approach as a screening method in the early stages of drug discovery and hit identification.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Management Of Nidranasha(Insomnia) Through Ayurveda: A Review

Insomnia is a very common sleep disorder in present's era as it make hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or cause to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep.Insomnia causes many problems in day to day life such as tiredness, a lack of energy, difficulty in concentrating and irritability.As there is no permanent cure of insomnia in modern science because they use only Hypnotics and sedatives as its treatment but there are chances that the patient may get addicted to these particular drugs.In Ayurveda difficulty to fall asleep, stay asleep, or both are considered under heading of Nidranasha.According to Charaka, sukha, dukh, pusti, karshya, bala, abala, vrishtha, kleebta, gyanm, agynam jivan and maran all these factors depends on proper and improper nidra.In Nidranasha the main doshas which are involved are vata and pitta prakopa.So treatment of Nidranasha is mainly Vata-Pitta Shamak chikitsa.In Ayurveda there are a variety of treatments for insomnia.An attempt has been made in order to compile different types of treatment protocols for insomnia according to different acharayas.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
934 Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections Using AXIOS Electrocautery Enhanced Delivery System a Retrospective Experience at a Large Quaternary Care Center

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) are common complications of acute pancreatitis, surgery, or trauma. Many PFC reabsorb spontaneously but the remainder create cystic structures filled with fluid and/or with necrotic debris. Since the development of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) first line treatment of PFCs are with EUS guided drainage. However, despite the high technical and clinical success of the commonly used Electrocautery Enhanced AXIOS LAMS (EEAL), outcome data is still scarce. METHODS: An IRB approved, retrospective chart review, was performed on EUS-guided drainage of PFC using EEAL at a large quaternary care, teaching hospital. Specific procedural data including technical success rate, adverse events, and length of stay were collected. Descriptive statistics were then used to report outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 43 EEAL were used in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts (41.9%) and walled off pancreatic necrosis (65.1%). LAMS were placed successfully in 100% of procedures and required revisions in 28.6% of patients. Adverse events occurred in 16.3% of interventions: 2 bleeding events (4.7%), 3 stent migrations (7%), 1 pigtail stent occlusion (2.4%) and 1 spontaneous pancreatic fistula formation (2.4%). Only 2 patients (4.8%) required subsequent surgical resection. The average hospital stay after the procedure was 6.79 days (median of 3 days) and stents were ultimately removed on average at 24.68 days. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated 100% technical success rate. Of the recorded adverse events after EEAL use in drainage of PFC most were subclinical and minor. Importantly, only two patients required further surgical intervention to obtain desired outcome. Furthermore, length of stay was particularly low with median hospital stay of 3 days. Ultimately, this study highlights how EEAL provides high value care by providing an efficient intervention in a cost-feasible length of time. Further ongoing prospective studies will help determine the utility of EEAL in the practice setting.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Detection of neuroblastoma cells in blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

These systems allow the detection of circulating NB cells with higher sensitivity and specificity. When RT-PCR is clinically used for the detection of NB cells in blood, that both PGP 9.5 and TH should be selected is recommended. The assessment of bone marrow alone might not be used as a single index of tumor dissemination.

Topic: Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recent Advances in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions Involving Trimethylenemethane and its Analogs

General introduction Mechanism for [3+2] carbocyclic cycloaddition Dynamic behavior of TMM-Pd complexes Application in organic synthesis General comment [3+2] cycloaddition: the parent TMM Recent applications in natural and unnatural product synthesis Novel substrates for TMM cycloaddition [3+2] cycloaddition: substituted TMM Cyclopropyl-substituted TMM Phenylthio-TMM [3+2] cycloaddition: intramolecular versions Introduction and substrate synthesis Synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.0]octyl systems Synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl systems Synthesis of bicyclo[5.3.0]decyl systems Carboxylative cycloadditions Carbonyl cycloadditions Addition to aldehydes Addition to ketones Imine cycloadditions [4+3] cycloadditions [6+3] cycloadditions [3+3] cycloaddition Conclusions

Topic: Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustained increases in blood pressure elicited by prolonged face cooling in humans

We tested the hypothesis that increases in blood pressure are sustained throughout 15 min of face cooling. Two independent trials were carried out. In the Face-Cooling Trial, 10 healthy adults underwent 15 min of face cooling where a 2.5-liter bag of ice water (0 ± 0°C) was placed over their cheeks, eyes, and forehead. The Sham Trial was identical except that the temperature of the water was 34 ± 1°C. Primary dependent variables were forehead temperature, mean arterial pressure, and forearm vascular resistance. The square root of the mean of successive differences in R-R interval (RMSSD) provided an index of cardiac parasympathetic activity. In the Face Cooling Trial, forehead temperature fell from 34.1 ± 0.9°C at baseline to 12.9 ± 3.3°C at the end of face cooling ( P &lt; 0.01). Mean arterial pressure increased from 83 ± 9 mmHg at baseline to 106 ± 13 mmHg at the end of face cooling ( P &lt; 0.01). RMSSD increased from 61 ± 40 ms at baseline to 165 ± 97 ms during the first 2 min of face cooling ( P ≤ 0.05), but returned to baseline levels thereafter (65 ± 49 ms, P ≥ 0.46). Forearm vascular resistance increased from 18.3 ± 4.4 mmHg·ml −1 ·100 g tissue −1 ·min at baseline to 26.6 ± 4.0 mmHg·ml −1 ·100 g tissue −1 ·min at the end of face cooling ( P &lt; 0.01). There were no changes in the Sham Trial. These data indicate that increases in blood pressure are sustained throughout 15 min of face cooling, and face cooling elicits differential time-dependent parasympathetic and likely sympathetic activation.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cyclone reduction of taconite. Final report

A cyclone reactor system for the partial reduction and melting of taconite concentrate fines has been engineered, designed and operated. A non-transferred arc plasma torch was employed as a heat source. Taconite fines, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were fed axially into the reactor, while the plasma gas was introduced tangentially into the cyclone. The average reactor temperature was maintained at above 1400{degrees}C, and reduction experiments were performed under various conditions. The influence of the following parameters on the reduction of taconite was investigated experimentally; carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide inlet feed ratio, carbon monoxide inlet partial pressure, and average reactor temperature. The interactions of the graphite lining with carbon dioxide and taconite were also studied. An attempt was made to characterize the flow behavior of the molten product within the cyclone. The results suggest that the system may approach a plug flow reactor, with little back mixing. Finally, a fundamental mathematical model was developed. The model describes the flow dynamics of gases and solid particles in a cyclone reactor, energy exchange, mass transfer, and the chemical kinetics associated with cyclone smelting of taconite concentrate fines. The influence of the various parameters on the reduction and melting of taconite particles was evaluated theoretically.

Topic: Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evolutionary history and the strength of species interactions: testing the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis

A longstanding concept in community ecology is that closely related species compete more strongly than distant relatives. Ecologists have invoked this “limiting similarity hypothesis” to explain patterns in the structure and function of biological communities and to inform conservation, restoration, and invasive‐species management. However, few studies have empirically tested the validity of the limiting similarity hypothesis. Here we report the results of a laboratory microcosm experiment in which we used a model system of 23 common, co‐occurring North American freshwater green algae to quantify the strength of 216 pairwise species' interactions (the difference in population density when grown alone vs. in the presence of another species) along a manipulated gradient of evolutionary relatedness (phylogenetic distance, as the sum of branch lengths separating species on a molecular phylogeny). Interspecific interactions varied widely in these bicultures of phytoplankton, ranging from strong competition (ratio of relative yield in polyculture vs. monoculture ≪ 1) to moderate facilitation (relative yield &gt;1). Yet, we found no evidence that the strength of species' interactions was influenced by their evolutionary relatedness. There was no relationship between phylogenetic distance and the average, minimum (inferior competitor), nor maximum (superior competitor) interaction strength across all biculture communities (respectively, P = 0.19, P = 0.17, P = 0.14; N = 428). When we examined each individual species, only 17% of individual species' interactions strengths varied as a function of phylogenetic distance, and none of these relationships remained significant after Bonferoni correction for multiple tests ( N = 23). Last, when we grouped interactions into five qualitatively different types, the frequency of these types was not related to phylogenetic distance among species pairs ( F 4, 422 = 1.63, P = 0.15). Our empirical study adds to several others that suggest the biological underpinnings of competition may not be evolutionarily conserved, and thus, ecologists may need to re‐evaluate the previously assumed generality of the limiting similarity hypothesis.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Composition of Transformations for XML Schema Based Documents

XML is gaining acceptance as a universal format for data interchange and data publication. The proliferation of dieren t docu- ment type descriptions or XML Schemas, however, requires still ad- equate treatment of heterogeneity, in particular the transformation of documents between dieren t schemas by XSLT programs. We propose a new way to dene XSLT transformations for XML Schema based doc- uments. Transformations are based on types dened in XML Schemas. Transformations of complex documents may be composed of transforma- tions on subcomponents of these documents. A library stores information about available transformations and their relation to schemas and types and is instrumental in decomposing a document in a way that promotes the application of already available transformations on subcomponents. Therefore the tedious and error-prone work of programming transforma- tions can be made easier and more ecien t through reuse.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Gene Regulatory Network Analysis Identifies Sex-Linked Differences in Colon Cancer Drug Metabolism

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Understanding sex differences in colon cancer is essential to advance disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Males have a higher risk of developing colon cancer and a lower survival rate than women. However, the molecular features that drive these sex differences are poorly understood. In this study, we use both transcript-based and gene regulatory network methods to analyze RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 445 patients with colon cancer. We compared gene expression between tumors in men and women and observed significant sex differences in sex chromosome genes only. We then inferred patient-specific gene regulatory networks and found significant regulatory differences between males and females, with drug and xenobiotics metabolism via cytochrome P450 pathways more strongly targeted in females. This finding was validated in a dataset of 1,193 patients from five independent studies. While targeting, the drug metabolism pathway did not change overall survival for males treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, females with greater targeting showed an increase in 10-year overall survival probability, 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 78–100] survival compared with 61% (95% CI, 45–82) for women with lower targeting, respectively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.034). Our network analysis uncovers patterns of transcriptional regulation that differentiate male and female colon cancer and identifies differences in regulatory processes involving the drug metabolism pathway associated with survival in women who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. This approach can be used to investigate the molecular features that drive sex differences in other cancers and complex diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; A network-based approach reveals that sex-specific patterns of gene targeting by transcriptional regulators are associated with survival outcome in colon cancer. This approach can be used to understand how sex influences progression and response to therapies in other cancers. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(19); 5538–47. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predicting verbal memory decline following temporal lobe resection for epilepsy

The model makes it possible to provide patients with individualized prediction regarding the risk of verbal memory decline following TLR. This will help them make more informed decisions regarding treatment, and it will also enable the epilepsy surgery team to prepare them better for the rehabilitation process.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences