jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smart polymer composite materials for water processing

In this thesis, three types of responsive material for water processing are developed: responsive separation membrane, responsive forward osmosis draw agent, and responsive adsorbent. Introduction of thermally responsive polymer endows the responsive membrane with controllable separation ability and high separation efficiency. The swelling behavior / kinetic study efficiently reveals the swelling pressure and FO performance of thermally responsive hydrogel draw agent, advancing the development of desired draw agent. Thermally reversible ion sorption is achieved inside the metal organic framework by amphoteric functionalization, showing high adsorption capacity, accessibility of ion adsorption sites, and excellent cycling performance.

Topic: Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Religion and the SME

The topical issue of religion is often inflamed by a biased media, personal ignorance, or simply naïveté, religion has become a negative force that is often perceived as the cause of all problems in a society. The importance of religion to Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is that ethnic minorities often demonstrate higher levels of religious adherence as a means of negotiating dissonance arising from cultural interactions. Issues surrounding product and adherence to religious needs are complicated by differing religions often having differing demands. Promotion can be particularly problematic for SMEs without wider complications of religion being included. Religion has been identified with how individuals perceive themselves, how it affects employees and potential benefits to SMEs and how it can be used within marketing strategy to increase market share and profitability. Religion has been described as one of the most important cultural forces and influences on human behaviour, reflecting an acceptance of another, superior being over humanity.

Topic: Halal products and consumer behavior
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The phospholipids in Enterocytozoon bieneusi: an electron spectroscopic imaging study.

The treatment with ferriosmium of meronts and sporonts of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon bieneusi has shown the lamellar organization of the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the nuclear envelope. The Electron Spectroscopy Imaging (ESI), (Ottensmeyer and Andrew 1980) of unstained ultrathin sections of meronts showed the presence of phosphorus in the lamellar structures thus confirming their phospholipidic composition. Phosphorus was also detected in the lamellar polaroplast of the spore.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The myeloma: its cytology, biochemistry and clinical features

#1. The myeloma is defined, a short history of the&#13;\ndisease is given and the possibility of&#13;\ndifferent types discussed. || &#13;\n#2. Reports of 29 cases of myeloma are given and&#13;\nmisdiagnosed cases, 2 cases of chloroma and&#13;\n1 case of plasma cell leukaemia. || &#13;\n#3. The relationship between the malignant cell of&#13;\nmyeloma (the myeloma cell) and trie plasma cell&#13;\nis discussed; a short history of the plasma&#13;\ncell and a description is given; the myeloma&#13;\ncell and the plasma cell are compared. || &#13;\n#4. Tne myeloma cell and the plasma cell are con -&#13;\nsidered to be quite different and for this&#13;\nreason the name plasmacytoma is discouraged. || &#13;\n#5. The myeloma cell is probably a malignant&#13;\nhaemocytoblast and the name haemocytoblastoma&#13;\nis suggested for the tumour. || &#13;\n#6. The myeloma is mainly a disease of bone marrow,&#13;\nand is confined to bone marrow, but metastases&#13;\nto the viscera may occur and tumours of this&#13;\ntype outside the skeletal system are recognised]. || &#13;\n#7. The association between myeloma and leukaemia is&#13;\ndiscussed with special reference to plasma&#13;\ncell leukaemia. || &#13;\n#8. The biochemical findings in cases of myeloma&#13;\nare described, with particular attention paid to&#13;\nthe plasma proteins. The meaning of hyper -&#13;\nproteinaemia in myelomatosis is discussed and&#13;\nthe association between this phenomenon and&#13;\nBence-Jones proteinuria and the blood&#13;\nsedimentation rate is discussed. || &#13;\n#9. The association between serum proteins and&#13;\namyloid is described. || &#13;\n#10. The importance of X -ray photography in recognising&#13;\nthe pathological process is stressed and the&#13;\nnecessity of verification by sternal puncture&#13;\nis stressed. || &#13;\n#11. The interpretation of the differential count in&#13;\nbone narrow smears is discussed and a method&#13;\nof puncturing the sternum is described. || &#13;\n#12. Prognosis is poor in the multiple myelomatosis&#13;\nand so- called solitary myeloma, but good in the&#13;\nextra-medullary type. || &#13;\n#13. Treatment is unsatisfactory. X -rays, however,&#13;\ndo give the patient a loner lease of life but&#13;\nthey are not curative.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lack of Progression of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants: Implications for Head Ultrasound Screening

Very preterm infants are at risk for germinal matrix hemorrhage- intraventricular hemorrhage (GH-IVH). Severe GH-IVH may cause death or severe neurodevelopmental disability while mild GH-IVH is considered a static, non-progressive disease. This retrospective study aimed to determine if infants with no GH-IVH or mild GH-IVH on initial screening head ultrasound (HUS) advanced to severe GH-IVH. A total of 353 eligible infants with birth gestational age ≤32 0/7 weeks who received a HUS during hospitalization were identified. Of the 343 (97%) infants who had mild GH-IVH (grade II or less) on initial screening, only 4 (1.2%) progressed to severe (grade III or IV). Each of these infants required mechanical ventilation for at least 40 days. Therefore, premature infants who have no GH-IVH or mild GH-IVH on initial routine screening HUS without other risk factors may not require follow-up HUSs. Infants with prolonged mechanical ventilation may require further screening despite reassuring initial HUS findings.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identifying the dataset to define the optimal timing of histopathological examination for central nervous system toxicity in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease monkey model

Determining the optimal timing for histopathological examination following exposure to a test article is crucial for assessing neurotoxicity. However, no study has focused on identifying an ideal dataset to define the optimal timing for histopathological examination of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in monkeys. Therefore, this study aimed to define a predictive endpoint that would guide us in selecting the optimal timing for histopathological examination of CNS toxicity in monkeys. Four cynomolgus monkeys were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intravenously at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg twice at 1-week intervals. Necropsies were performed 1 week after the final dose. The Parkinsonian rating (PR) score and temporal changes in neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were evaluated and compared with the histopathological findings in the brain. The PR score of all animals administered MPTP increased from days 10 to 11, with some degree of individual variability. Microscopically, all animals showed axonal swelling and vacuolation, with or without microgliosis in the nigrostriatal bundle. However, substantial neurodegenerative findings were observed only in animals with high PR scores at necropsy. A slight increase in CSF biomarker levels at necropsy was also observed in animals with high PR scores. However, their correlation with microscopic findings in these animals was unclear. These data suggest that comprehensive clinical observations, such as PR score alone or combined with other CSF biomarkers, could be further evaluated as potential indicators for triggering anatomic CNS evaluations in monkeys following toxic insults.

Topic: Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Creating a science-rich environment for young children

Children need to apply and communicate ideas, make decisions based on evidence, and collaborate with others to solve problems, activities that require a deep and interconnected understanding of the fundamental ideas underlying a problem. Therefore, in Estonia, science, or, more specifically, the environment surrounding a child, is placed at the centre of a curriculum for preschool institutions. This kind of learning can occur only in a science-rich environment. In this chapter, the environment of a total of 318 Estonian children were explored. The research indicates that there are signs of expected changes from nature-object-centred teaching to more process oriented teaching. The connection with the lives of the children and the inclusion of explanatory activities indicates the teachers' ability to follow a child's need for play and curiosity. Teachers also not only equip the environment properly, they give science rich meaning to surroundings. The kindergarten teachers' ability to react to the children's interest and follow the principles of science education helps create a solid foundation for science learning in future stages of education.

Topic: Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Measuring Satisfaction of Customers Regarding Islamic Financing of Meezan Bank Limited

<em>PURPOSE: The purpose of this research paper is to examine analyzing and outlining the customer satisfaction level with regards to their perception about the Islamic banking system. The main purpose is to eliminate the problem related to banking industry and to determine its rights and duties to satisfy customers.</em> <em>DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY: This paper is set out according to the principle instruments and designed fior measuring the customer satisfaction for Islamic banking and its related bodies. The analysis of the islamic system is basically organized on the basis of banking system for measuring customers towards Islamic banking system and its shariah complaint rules and regulations.</em> <em>FINDINGS: All across the rights for customers is being considered as a lawful and constitutional concerned nationally and internationally. The findings also suggest the significance of customer rights and the conceptual frame work for measuring human rights effect the implementation. The paradiagm of this research and its rights are effectively translated into developed banking system for increasing Islamic industry for banking as a whole.</em><br> <em>RESULTS:. Primary data are collected through survey, questionnaire and observation and secondary data are collected through books , articles , research papers , journals , literature , published material , other sources , print media article collection , magazines , newspapers , published electronic services , e-journals , websites , weblogs , unpublished general records , government records health education and census data , public and private sector records and retrospective information.</em><br> <em>CONCLUSION: In short the conclusion is that the wave of market economy downturn has a greater strength into its own self financially and the research study proofs that conducting the research study is crucial and beneficial towards the societal developmental factors like customer satisfying measurements.</em><br> <em>LIMITATIONS FOR RESEARCH:</em><br> <em>The required research is not enough for the measuring the customer satisfaction as a whole or specifically the example of effectiveness about the rights of customers and their satisfaction regarding Islamic banking system</em>

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Morning News

“The newspaper reading of the early morning is a kind of realistic morning prayer,” Hegel writes in one of the notebooks kept during his years in Jena. This apparently marginal remark serves as a point of departure for the introductory chapter, which begins by developing an interpretation of the comparison presented here as an early condensed expression of Hegel’s mature philosophical position. As in the case of Kant, whose occasional remarks on newspaper reading are discussed in the remainder of the chapter, this motif, however, never makes its way into Hegel’s published philosophical work. Reflecting on the anxieties surrounding philosophy’s encounter with the novelty of the newspaper, the chapter outlines the problematic that will be central to the book, namely that of thinking time and history in the aftermath of German Idealism and the crisis of the modern philosophies of history.

Topic: Philosophical Ethics and Theory
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Causal effects of lung function on brain cortical structure and subcortical structure: a two-sample univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study

<title>Abstract</title> Background Lung function has been increasingly linked to overall health, including brain health, prompting the investigation into the causal relationships between lung function and brain structures. This study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore these causal relationships, leveraging genetic variants as proxies to predict the effects of lung function on brain cortical and subcortical structures. Methods We conducted univariate and multivariable MR analyses using GWAS summary statistics for lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) and brain structures from the UK Biobank and ENIGMA consortium. Our analyses included five MR methods—IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode—to ensure robust causal inference. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounders like smoking and education. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the stability of our results, and we applied FDR correction for multiple comparisons. Results The univariate MR analysis revealed significant associations between lung function and brain structures. Higher FEV1 was associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 4428.037, SE = 610.453, p &lt; 0.0001) and supramarginal thickness (β = 43.613, SE = 13.218, p = 0.001). FVC was similarly associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 3650.674, SE = 576.736, p &lt; 0.0001) and parsopercularis thickness (β = 0.013, SE = 0.003, p &lt; 0.0001). Multivariable MR confirmed these associations, even after adjusting for smoking and education. Significant associations persisted in subcortical regions, with higher FEV1 and FVC linked to increased brainstem volume (FEV1: β = 0.226, SE = 0.049, p &lt; 0.0001; FVC: β = 0.203, SE = 0.044, p &lt; 0.0001) and amygdala volume for FEV1/FVC (β = 0.075, SE = 0.025, p = 0.003). Sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the robustness of the results. Conclusion Our study provides robust evidence of a causal relationship between lung function and brain structure, emphasizing the protective effects of better respiratory health on brain integrity. However, the reliance on European GWAS data limits generalizability, and some associations did not survive stringent correction. Future research should incorporate diverse populations and explore underlying mechanisms to validate and extend these findings.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Positive Spillovers and Free Riding in Advertising of Prescription Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Antidepressants

Exploiting the discontinuity in advertising along the borders of television markets, I estimate that television advertising of prescription antidepressants exhibits significant positive spillovers on rivals' demand. I apply this identification in a demand model, where estimated parameters indicate significant and persistent spillovers driven by market expansion. Using the demand estimates to calibrate a stylized supply model, I explore the consequences of the positive spillovers on firm advertising choice. Compared with a competitive benchmark in which firms optimally free ride, simulations suggest that a category-wide advertising cooperative would produce a significant increase in total advertising.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[The cytotoxic mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in human osteosarcoma cell line TE85--(1). Implication of phospholipase A2 activity in cytotoxicity].

The cytotoxic mechanism of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in human osteosarcoma cells (TE85) was studied from the point of view of phospholipid metabolism. The TNF-induced cytotoxicity, determined by using the dye uptake method, was dose-dependent in the range of 100-10,000 U/ml. Phospholipid metabolism was analyzed in the cells labelled with [3H] arachidonic acid or [3H] glycerol. TNF stimulated the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from the cells in a dose-dependent manner. After TNF stimulation, the level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) decreased. Concomitantly, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzed PC producing a transiently increased level of lysophosphatidylcholine. ONO-RS-082, a potent PLA2 inhibitor, reduced the TNF-induced cytotoxicity and the release of arachidonic acid. These observations suggest that PLA2 may play a role in the cytotoxic effect of TNF on human osteosarcoma cells.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The relationship between networking practices and business excellence: a study of small to medium enterprises (SMEs)

Small to medium enterprises (SMEs) are often perceived as a fertile area for the formation of effective networks. However, research to date has focused primarily on large companies. There seems to be a lack of rigorous research reported in the literature that tests the relationship between networking practices and business excellence. Quantitative data was gathered from a stratified random sample of SME site managers in the Australian manufacturing industry. A total of 550 manufacturing sites were sent the questionnaire from which a response rate of 20 percent was achieved. Networking practices regression (NPR) models were developed in order to test the strength of the relationship between key components of networking practice and several dimensions of business excellence such as success rate of new products, reduction in waste, increased market opportunities, etc. The data was analyzed using techniques available on the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for Windows software package. The paper concludes that groupings of network practices are required to explain business excellence. This means that a single networking practice is not sufficient to explain business excellence significantly. The most significant networking practices were found to be: searching and incorporating diverse points of view; challenging the status quo; learning from failures; communicating with people outside the company, including experts; allocation of resources to support communication linkages. The main implication of the research results for SME managers is that a typical manufacturing SME is more likely to improve its chances of achieving business excellence with networking practices than without these practices.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of dielectric barrier discharge for reducing microbial contamination in pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>) and sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>Linn.) powder

This research is designed to determine the efficacy of DBD plasma to reduce the microbial contamination of pepper and sesame powder. The AC high voltage power supply was used with voltages of up to 20 kV and the frequency of 5.5 kHz was applied to the DBD. The gap of DBD electrodes was set at 5 mm. In raw initial samples, the total aerobic count of pepper (Piper nigrum) was found at quite a high level at 5.40 × 105 CFU/g. Coliform bacteria was also found in both the sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn.) powder and pepper (Piper nigrum) powder. Both kinds of samples were treated with plasma for 2, 4, 6 and 10 minutes. Results indicated that plasma treatment at 2-10 minutes reduced the total aerobic count of pepper allowed to achieve the acceptable microbial level for spices. The plasma treatment times in this experiment were also effective in reducing faecal coliform bacteria in both pepper and sesame powders (MPN/g <3) as indicated in the standard. Plasma from dielectric barrier charge can reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis in sesame powder which was artificially contaminated with 3.50 × 102 CFU/g resulting in 0.15-0.5 log cycle reductions of microbial load.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome: an experience of integral attention to children with special needs in Cuba

<strong>Abstract</strong> Aconsiderable part of the bibliography at present refers to the clinicalgenetic description of the Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome as well as its consequences for the subjects that suffer it, in other cases it is dedicated to present sophisticated formulas to protect people from the ultraviolet rays, there are very few references to the needs that in the psychological, preventive and educational order emanate from the so-called “infants of the moon”. In order to contribute to solving this problem, a project was developed to improve education for the prevention and comprehensive educational care of children, adolescents and young people of school age who suffer from this syndrome. This article presents the dimensions and indicators defined in the research process to characterize the comprehensive educational care demanded by patients who, in different personal, family and social conditions, face the challenge of living with this peculiar condition

Topic: Medicine and Dermatology Studies History
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FOOD PROTEIN-INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS SYNDROME (FPIES) - A REVIEW

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an under-recognised and frequently misdiagnosed syndrome ‐ characterised by severe protracted diarrhoea and/or vomiting and frequently associated with additional symptoms such as pallor and/or lethargy ‐ which has its onset soon after the ingestion of the particular food protein. FPIES represents a severe cell-mediated, gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity. Although typically ascribed to to cow’s milk and soy, FPIES has been described after the ingestion of a wide range of food proteins.

Topic: Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences