jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Race-Associated Genomic Correlates of Therapeutic Response in African American Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE African American individuals are disproportionately affected by lung cancer in terms of incidence and mortality. In oncogene-driven non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emerging evidence indicates that underlying molecular heterogeneity, which can be affected by ancestry, contributes to variable drug sensitivity and therapeutic responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate race-associated differences in reported treatment decisions, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular features in KRAS- and EGFR-mutant NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study using real-world clinical-genomic data from health systems in the United States to evaluate race-associated outcomes in advanced-stage KRAS- or EGFR-driven NSCLC. Our overall objectives were to evaluate race-associated therapeutic outcomes and to describe molecular features in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients with NSCLC. RESULTS A total of 723 NSCLC patients with KRAS and 315 patients with EGFR oncogenic mutations were evaluated. In KRAS-mutant patients, variable outcomes were observed in NHB and NHW patients on the basis of receiving chemotherapy alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. NHB patients received treatment at significantly lower rates compared with NHW patients. In the EGFR-mutant cohort, NHB and NHW patients received EGFR-targeted agents at similar rates, and overall survival was not significantly different. Race-associated differences in molecular features included a higher frequency of TP53 comutation in KRAS-mutant NHB patients and higher prevalence of EGFR G719S subtype in NHB patients. CONCLUSION In a real-world cohort of patients with NSCLC, we identified race-associated differences in therapeutic outcomes and described molecular characteristics in NHB and NHW patients with NSCLC. To proactively identify patients most likely to respond to systemic therapies, a more comprehensive approach is needed to help guide therapy selection in individualized patient populations.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Association of Hearing Health with Traffic Accidents among Heavy Vehicle Drivers

Aim: Excessive exposure of drivers to traffic noise and the resulting hearing loss could affect safe driving. This study aimed to investigate the hearing status of heavy vehicle drivers and its correlation with traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 187 drivers of heavy vehicles (trucks and buses) in Tehran province during 2018. The hearing status of drivers was investigated by the audiometric test method, ISO 6189 (1983). A safety questionnaire and checklist of drivers' demographic variables were used to gather information on accident status and personal characteristics of drivers. SPSS version 24 software was used for the statistical analysis of data. The statistical tests used are Chi-square, Spearman's correlation, paired t -test, and odds ratio. Results: Examining the hearing status of drivers showed that 51.5% were normal and 48.5% of drivers had hearing loss. The highest mean hearing threshold was at a frequency of 4000 Hz. The mean (standard deviation) for the right and left ears was 27.82 ± 15.92 and 18 ± 27.32 dB, respectively. The results of the analysis on drivers' hearing status and accidents showed a significant correlation between the frequency of accidents and the classification of drivers' hearing loss. Thus, a significant relationship with the correlation coefficient of 0.123 and 0.307, respectively, was obtained between the average hearing loss of drivers and having one or five accidents. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed hearing loss in drivers in the left ear, especially at high frequencies. There is also a significant relationship between the number of accidents and the rate of hearing loss of drivers. Hearing loss caused by noise interferes with activities such as driving and negatively affects the safety of drivers and emphasizes the importance of preventing accidents by controlling traffic noise.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular Organic Sensitizers for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

The photoelectrochemical approach to photoinduced water splitting is gaining increasing interest for solar fuels generation. Dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS‐PEC) have been studied to improve the collection of the Vis range of solar radiation. Metal complexes have so far been the most investigated dyes but in recent years metal‐free organic dyes have emerged as a new frontier for the evolution of the sector. This Minireview systematically describes the use of organic sensitizers and has been organized in terms of dye‐sensitized photoactive electrode(s): photoanode; photocathode; tandem DS‐PEC with photoanode and photocathode. The main classes of dyes are introduced and described in their key properties, device performance, and water splitting data. Thanks to the increasing number of articles, this review highlights the growing importance of organic sensitizers and their molecular design for a more efficient solar generation of clean fuels.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Environmental Accounting from the New Institutional Sociology Theory Lens: Branding or Responsibility?

Drawing on the new institutional sociology theory, this study aims at exploring the implementation of environmental accounting. We analysed sustainability and annual reports of 39 manufacturing companies in Indonesia from 2010 to 2017. The hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that company reputation has a positive effect on environmental accounting. However, public ownership has no effect. These results showed that community power failed to encourage companies to disclose environmental accounting. The environmental reporting provided by companies was merely a ceremonial for the good company reputation. The findings of this study contribute to the policy development in which the government might need to tighten regulations for companies to administer their impacts on the environment and provide awards for those succeeding in implementing environmental accounting.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
LCAO MO SCF [self-consistant field] study of "p.pi.-d.pi." bonding to phosphorus. The H3PO [phosphine oxide] molecule

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLCAO MO SCF [self-consistant field] study of "p.pi.-d.pi." bonding to phosphorus. The H3PO [phosphine oxide] moleculeJohn R. Van Wazer, Heinrich Marsmann, Leo C. D. Groenweghe, and Lawrence J. SchaadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 21, 6107–6112Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00724a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00724a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The institutional framework for tackling a ‘wicked problem’: The Zimbabwe Anti-corruption Commission’s fight against corruption, (2005-2017).

Corruption is a very serious issue in the world and has had negative repercussions on a country’s economy. While some developed countries have managed to prevent and combat it, African countries including Zimbabwe have continued to encounter the wickedness of corruption. This is despite the presence of institutions that have been created by the Government of Zimbabwe to combat it. The institutions responsible for tackling corruption in Zimbabwe include ZACC, NPA, TI-Z and ZRP. ZACC is responsible for investigating and combating cases of corruption whereas the NPA is responsible for undertaking prosecutions. TI-Z influences or capacitates citizens with the software to demand for accountability and transparency and the ZRP detects, investigates and prevents crime. The study therefore seeks to analyse the hypothesis that weak institutional frameworks perpetuate corruption and that corruption is a wicked problem in Zimbabwe. It will also analyse the institutional framework for tackling corruption as a wicked problem using ZACC as a case study. It relies on a qualitative approach of enquiry, making use of documentary search and key informant interviews using an interview guide with open-ended questions. Additionally, a review of literature was done on the following concepts: institutional framework, wicked problems and corruption in order to interrogate issues in the study. The major findings from the study indicate that corruption is a wicked problem and the institutional framework for combating it is weak. ZACC, as an institution constitutionally created to tackle corruption, has various weaknesses which include lack of political will, political interference, lack of arresting and prosecutorial powers, financial constraints, negative public perception, disgruntled and low staff morale institutional corruption, inadequate human resources personnel, absence of public recognition among others. This implies that this institution needs to be strengthened and capacitated for it to effectively tackle the vice. The study recommends that there be political will, coordination amongst the institutions responsible for tackling corruption, strengthening of the institutional framework through injection of adequate finances, political will, witness protection and training of staff. Moreover, ZACC needs to be given arresting and prosecutorial powers, improvement of the staff working conditions at the Commission and education of the public on the existence and role of ZACC among others. However, the strengths of ZACC include the fact that it is constitutionally enshrined, has qualified, skilled and experienced human capital, has twenty-four hour reporting systems and has seven specialized departments with a common thrust of eradicating corruption in Zimbabwe. The study hypothesizes that weak institutional frameworks perpetuate corruption and this was tested at the end of the study.

Topic: African studies and sociopolitical issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Student Engagement and Environmental Awareness

Abstract This article collaboration addresses the importance of contextualizing current climate change discussions in twenty-first-century ecocomposition classrooms. It specifically focuses on the practical significance of what students’ writing and research can accomplish in and outside the classroom, and on how student involvement in the research process can create spaces for new awareness and renewed interest in active engagement with climate change discussions. The article references student projects exhibited at ClimateCon 2020, including one project that focused on Rachel Carson’s ability to persevere despite the many challenges she faced. With ecocomposition as an entry point, the article shows the importance of continued education about the environment and climate change, getting involved with sustainable practices, engaging with environmental awareness campaigns, and, when needed, lobbying for readjusting corporate business practices to include sustainability efforts.

Topic: Environmental Education and Sustainability
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent development in the multiphysical analysis and design of energy piles

This study proposes an analysis of the multiphysical phenomena governing the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles. The analysis is based on the results of a series of full-scale in-situ tests, laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. First, the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles is considered. Attention is given to both single and groups of energy piles. Next, the response of soils and concrete-soil interfaces subjected to temperature changes is reviewed. The behaviours of clayey soils in different overconsolidation states as well as of both concrete-sand and concrete-clay interfaces are analysed. Finally, aspects considered of paramount importance for the analysis and design (e.g., geotechnical and structural) of energy piles are presented. Both floating and end-bearing energy piles are investigated. The goal of this paper is to increase the confidence of civil engineers on the performance of energy piles.

Topic: Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Date of the composition of the Notitiae episcopatuum ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae nos. 4, 5 and 6

The Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae nos. 4, 5 and 6 are important sources for the reconstruction of the territorial organization of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the 9th century. There are different oppinions in the existing scholarly works about precise dating of those notitiae, ranging from the beginning of the 9th century, through the middle of it, up to its end. In this work, we analyse the content of each of the mentioned notitiae and point to certain elements which allow us to date more precisely each of them to the period between 806 and 838.

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Policy Planning in Higher Technical Education

In the present Research work an attempt has been made to compute quality of higher technical Institute by incorporating various important parameters such as faculty strength, Placement of students, faculty satisfaction, student's satisfaction etc. The impact of these factors on quality of higher technical education is studied by constructing a system dynamic model for policy planning for optimum quality in higher technical education system.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The later growth of children who were preterm and small for gestational age.

The four-year-old growth status of 56 preterm, 35 small for gestational age, and 111 randomly selected appropriate weight for gestational age children who were born at the Queen Mary Hospital (Dunedin) in 1968, is described. Children who were preterm but were greater than 2500g at birth were significantly heavier, taller and had larger head circumference measures than the control group. Preterm children who had weighed less than 2500g at birth were significantly lighter than the controls. Children who were smaller for gestational age were significantly shorter and lighter than the control group. Other results were reported on relationships between gestational age and birth weight and the later growth status of children, and some implications were discussed.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formal clusters supporting small firms' internationalization: a case of public–private interaction

Purpose This study aims to explore the role played by a formal cluster initiative in supporting small firms' internationalization processes. Taking a public–private interaction perspective, this study aims to understand interaction mechanisms within an internationalization project implemented by a formal cluster initiative. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative approach based on a case study of a Swedish formal cluster initiative involved in an internationalization project. The case is analyzed through the industrial marketing and purchasing approach, relying on the Actors–Resources–Activities (ARA) framework. Findings The analysis highlights the role of formal clusters as supporters and “accelerators” of internationalization processes. Based on the ARA framework, the roles of the public and private actors emerge: the cluster plays the role of orchestrator, supporter and financer, while on the businesses' side, participants assumed the role of customers, displaying various degrees of interest and commitment and giving rise to a leader–follower pattern. Activities occurred at multiple levels, interorganizational, intraproject, interprojects, through different timings and typologies. The main resources at stake were the combination of knowledge, complementary capabilities and financial incentives. Originality/value This empirical study provides novel empirical evidence and theoretical development over the phenomenon of formal clusters. This study contributes to the current debate on public–private interaction mechanisms and to the upgrading and circulation of international business knowledge.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt

The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ammonia emissions from an uncovered dairy slurry storage tank over two years: Interactions with tank operations and meteorological conditions

The storage of slurry substantially contributes to the ammonia (NH3) released from livestock production. This study quantified farm-scale NH3 emissions from a circular open tank storing dairy cow slurry by means of continuous measurements over two years. Emissions were determined by scaling the product of line-integrated concentration measurements across the tank and wind speed measurements at 10 m height. The resulting data were calibrated to emissions determined using the integrated horizontal flux method. The data analysis was structured according to the main influencing factors: natural crust and meteorological conditions. The average annual emission was 0.065 g NH3 m−2 h−1 with a maximum of 1.67 g NH3 m−2 h−1. Annual emissions scaled to total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) were 3.3% of the TAN flow into the store. A natural crust on the slurry surface, which was strongly affected by agitation of the tank, diminished the gas release. An increasing time span after agitation led to correspondingly lower emissions. A greater filling level enhanced crust formation and induced an additional drop in emissions. Precipitation reduced emissions by 64%–86% compared to dry weather conditions. Higher wind speed and temperatures increased emissions. The emissions were highest in periods with weak or no crusting of the slurry surface, which covered 40% of the study time, but produced 61% of total emissions. The response of NH3 emissions to the interactions of influencing factors, which might vary considerably between stores, suggests that these factors require consideration for the determination of emission factors used for inventory reporting.

Topic: Odor and Emission Control Technologies
Subfield: Process Chemistry and Technology
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Merger Policy in Digital Markets: An<i>Ex Post</i>Assessment†

Abstract This paper presents a broad retrospective evaluation of mergers and merger decisions in markets dominated by multisided digital platforms. First, we document almost 300 acquisitions carried out by three major tech companies—Amazon, Facebook, and Google—between 2008 and 2018. We cluster target companies on their area of economic activity providing suggestive evidence on the strategies behind these mergers. Second, we discuss the features of digital markets that create new challenges for competition policy. By using relevant case studies as illustrative examples, we discuss theories of harm that have been used or, alternatively, could have been formulated by authorities in these cases. Finally, we retrospectively examine two important merger cases, Facebook/Instagram and Google/Waze, providing a systematic assessment of the theories of harm considered by the UK competition authorities as well as evidence on the evolution of the market after the transactions were approved. We discuss whether the competition authority performed complete and careful analyses to foresee the competitive consequences of the investigated mergers and whether a more effective merger control regime can be achieved within the current legal framework.

Topic: Digital Platforms and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences