jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPARING THE ACCURACY OF AN ONLINE PROGNOSTICATION TOOL WITH CLINICAL TEAM PROGNOSTICATION

Background Medical Teams regularly formulate a prognosis for patients to allow appropriate plans to be made and to help patients and families prepare for end of life. Research shows that clinicians are over-optimistic in prognosis formulation to a degree of up to 5 times the actual time to death. 1 The ‘Prognosis in Palliative Care Study’ (PiPS) online prognostication tool allows clinicians to input data and receive a prognosis in days, weeks or months, and has been found to be at least as accurate when compared with physician estimate alone. 2 3 Aim To compare the PiPS-A online prognostication tool with Clinician estimate of prognosis and the actual time to death for all advanced cancer patients admitted to the IPU over three months. To assess whether using PiPS-A improves the accuracy of prognostication in our patient group compared with the team's estimate, and whether using it adds to our practice. Results 33 PiPs-A forms were completed on 32 patients over 3 months from April–July 2012. Clinician prognostications were at least as accurate as PiPs-A supported prognostication. For patients who had an actual prognosis of weeks or months, the clinician (54%/55%)was markedly more accurate than the PiPs-A (30%/31%). PiPs-A was as good as a clinician in predicting days (80% vs 78%). Discussion Doctors find prognostication difficult, yet it is central to assessment and management of patient and in planning for changing care needs. PiPs-A may be useful in prognostication of patients in whom prognosis may be short and the efficacy of interventional treatments is questioned. Junior doctors have little experience of formulating an accurate prognosis; PiPS has a role as a teaching aid for juniors to enable them to develop this skill.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A solar-cell based power conversion circuit for LED lighting

This paper proposes a power conversion circuit for the high-brightness white LED lamp powered by the solar-cell panel with a subsidiary battery set. The system operation is illustrated by five states according to the power flowing among the solar panel, the battery set, and the LED lamp under different sunlight intensities. A laboratory circuit designed for an 18 W LED lamp is built and tested to verify the theoretical analyses.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Isochore assignment confidence and GC context

Confidence as a function of the GC content of the genomic environment. Isochore assignment confidence is best in GC-poor regions; it decreases as the genomic context becomes more GC-rich and reaches a minimum around 55-58% GC. However, the assignment confidence becomes better again in the GC-richest regions with &gt;59% GC. Variance of the confidence depending on the GC content. The confidence variance is independent of the GC context for isochores with a GC content between about 33% and 62% GC, that is, for the main bulk of the genomic DNA.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Assignment of isochores for all completely sequenced vertebrate genomes using a consensus"http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/6/R104Genome Biology 2008;9(6):R104-R104.Published online 30 Jun 2008PMCID:PMC2481423.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Breast Cancer Coping Strategies after Diagnosis: A Six-month Follow-up

Introduction: Breast cancer is a tragic experience that accompanies stressful situations for patients.Adjustment with breast cancer has a significant effect on decreasing stress and increasing the patients› quality of life.Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, breast cancer patients› experiences were evaluated at Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), Motamed Cancer Institut (MCI), Tehran, Iran.To evaluate coping strategies in breast cancer patients, a modified Ways of Coping-cancer Version (WOC-CA) questionnaire was used.A written informed consent was obtained from the patients.Results: From a total of 187 breast cancer patients participated in this study, 177 cases followed up for 6 months later.The mean age of the patients was 47.3 ± 9.6 years.Eighty-seven percent of the patients were married, 91% of the subjects had middle and high education and most of them (83%) were housewife.Seven coping strategies were used by the patients after diagnosis and 6 months later.The most commonly used coping strategies after diagnosis included «seeking for social support», «spirituality», and «positive cognitive restructuring» and the least used coping strategy was «detachment».The most frequently used strategies 6 months after the diagnosis were «seeking for social support», «spirituality», «positive cognitive restructuring», and «making changes» and the least commonly used ones included «wishful thinking», and «keeping feelings to self-coping strategies».Conclusions: It seems that clinicians should provide enough information about the treatment and survival before the surgery.The patients› concerns about the way of adjustment with the disease, especially religious thinking and advices about the way of coping with breast cancer should be considered.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Media Education for Children in Cyprus: Educating pupils to critically read advertisements

This article considers the Media Literacy Experiential Workshop project provided by Cyprus Radio Television Authority (CRTA). CRTA is the independent regulatory authority of the audiovisual media service providers in Cyprus and media literacy is recognized as one of its statutory duties. Media Literacy Experiential Workshop project is the most popular and notable media literacy initiative undertaken by CRTA. Believing that media literacy skills are taught the examined project has been in place since 2014-2015 school-year and aims to provide pupils at primary education with basic and fundamental media literacy skills and competences. During the workshops pupils with the help of the instructor critically examine and deconstruct different advertisements in order to realise how and why some content, values, and points of view are amplified while others are excluded from the media. By the end of the workshop pupils are empowered to critically think of each and every advertisement as a construction and to apply basic analytical parametres to mediated texts in general.

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Permitted and Forbidden Sets in Symmetric Threshold-Linear Networks

The richness and complexity of recurrent cortical circuits is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for thinking about high-level biological computation. In past theoretical studies, constraints on the synaptic connection patterns of threshold-linear networks were found that guaranteed bounded network dynamics, convergence to attractive fixed points, and multistability, all fundamental aspects of cortical information processing. However, these conditions were only sufficient, and it remained unclear which were the minimal (necessary) conditions for convergence and multistability. We show that symmetric threshold-linear networks converge to a set of attractive fixed points if and only if the network matrix is copositive. Furthermore, the set of attractive fixed points is nonconnected (the network is multiattractive) if and only if the network matrix is not positive semidefinite. There are permitted sets of neurons that can be coactive at a stable steady state and forbidden sets that cannot. Permitted sets are clustered in the sense that subsets of permitted sets are permitted and supersets of forbidden sets are forbidden. By viewing permitted sets as memories stored in the synaptic connections, we provide a formulation of long-term memory that is more general than the traditional perspective of fixed-point attractor networks. There is a close correspondence between threshold-linear networks and networks defined by the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Regional Government and Governance in China and the United States

A comparative analysis of regional governance policies in China and the United States is presented from multiple perspectives, including jurisdictional structure, intergovernmental relationship, and performance outcomes. Policy reviews and case studies contrast how regional approaches may assist governments to learn seminal lessons from multinational experiences.

Topic: China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair: how we do it

: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed around the world. Laparoscopic hernia repair is an effective procedure when critical principles are done correctly. The surgery's efficacy is directly and closely related to the surgeon's anatomical knowledge, skill, and experience. This work is a description of our technique, including surgical details and technical principles, as well as tips & tricks that we have found essential for an accurate laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair. This text also has accompanying photos and video that the reader can follow visually. We advise always sticking to the principles, steps, and rules. Continuous training, mentoring, online courses, video review, cadaver workshops, and following specialized social media groups are highly recommended.

Topic: Hernia repair and management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Parental Cognitions and Adaptation to the Demands of Caring for a Child with an Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Clinical Interventions

The manner in which parents adapt to the experience of caring for a child with an intellectual disability is generally thought to depend upon a range of variables typically conceptualized within multi-dimensional models. This review briefly describes three such models that share significant common features, incorporating child variables, environmental characteristics, and parental cognitive processes as contributors to parental coping styles or parenting stress. The effects of child and environmental characteristics on parenting stress and coping in parents of children with disabilities have been well documented. It is argued, however, that some aspects of cognitive processes in parents of these children have received less attention from researchers. In particular, there has been a large amount of research into parenting self-esteem, parental attributions, and parental locus of control with parents of other groups of children. This research is reviewed, and it is argued that further research into similar cognitions in parents of children with intellectual disabilities is warranted. Finally, the potential clinical implications of such research are examined in relation to behavioural interventions for children's behavioural difficulties. It is suggested that parental cognitions may influence the acceptability of such interventions and also be associated with their effectiveness.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental and Numerical Nonlinear Modal Analysis of a Beam with Impact: Part II – Experimental Investigation

Methods for nonlinear experimental modal analysis, such as nonlinear phase resonance testing, are currently limited to smooth nonlinearities. However, the modeling of systems with contact interactions, being relevant in many industrial applications, often leads to models with strong nonsmooth nonlinearities. This contribution investigates the capability of nonlinear phase resonance testing to analyze systems with nonsmooth nonlinearities. Therefore, a series of automated steady-state measurements with phase controlled excitation is used. The experimental investigation is complemented with the numerical results obtained in Part I of this study.

Topic: Bladed Disk Vibration Dynamics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Mary Caroll McCan and Sue Ragsdale McCan]

Photograph of Mary Carroll McCan (left) and Sue Ragsdale McCan (right) in front of a self-portrait by James Ferdinand McCan (center, Sue's father-in-law). The portrait is fitted into a large frame on a stand besides a fireplace.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Separation of titanium(IV) and vanadium(IV) by multistage filtration using thiocyanate and Zephiramine ions.

チタン(IV)-及びバナジウム(IV)-チオシアン酸錯体をゼフィラミンとのイオン会合体として濾過分離する方法を検討した.バナジウム(IV)が定量的に捕集される条件においてTi(IV)も又数パーセント捕集されるため,1度の濾過でV(IV)とTi(IV)を定量的に分離することはできない.そこで,メンブランフィルターに捕集された金属-チオシアン酸錯体を溶離し,再び濾過して捕集する方法を検討した.溶離液には0.1M硝酸カリウムを含む0.1M塩酸を用いた.溶出液に再びチオシアン酸カリウムとゼフィラミンを加えて金属イオンを捕集し,再び溶離する.濾過と溶離の操作を4～5回繰り返すことにより100～300μgのV(IV)を100～300μgのTi(IV)から分離できた.

Topic: Extraction and Separation Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dry-matter production and partition in diploid, triploid and tetraploid tea

SummaryThe effects of polyploidy on yield, total dry-matter production and partitioning of tea were studied in diploid (23), triploid (33) and tetraploid (43) tea (Camellia sinensis). Although increased ploidy depressed yield significantly (P<0.05), significant differences in productivity were noted among genotypes of the same ploidy level and some triploids even outyielded some diploids which indicated the potential for selecting and/or developing high yielding polyploid clones. After 60 months of growth, the clones had accumulated 20±53 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. Diploids accumulated significantly higher total biomass than the polyploids. Between 25 and 40% of total accumulated dry matter was partitioned into leaves. Polyploids had a large proportion of unplucked leaves which indicated that their productivity could be improved by plucking older leaves with the bud (coarse plucking) or by more frequent plucking. Between 13 and 32% of the total dry matter was partitioned into the root system. The high yielding clones accumulated among the least dry matter in their root systems. Rooting depths were significantly different within the ploidy groups although there were no significant ploidy effects on this trait. The clonal harvest index (H.I.) ranged from 8.9±26%, with the high yielding clones having values in the upper limits and low yielding ones in the lower limits of this range. The woody tissue in the frame formed the largest proportion of the total dry matter i.e. between 40 and 52%. Diploids accumulated significantly more dry matter in the frame compared with polyploids. Phenotypic correlation coefficients indicated that the total leaf biomass was the best indicator for productivity in tea.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On Differential Detection of M-ary DPSK with Intersymbol Interference and Noise Correlation

In this paper we study differential detection of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -ary differential phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) signals with intersymbol interference and noise correlation. With these impairments there can be a wide variation in the error rate of the individual symbols, with this variation increasing with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> . However, by adding a phase shift offset and adjusting the decision boundaries in the detector, this variation can be reduced and the average symbol error rate can be decreased. For example, for quaternary DPSK with a signal to adjacent (from the previous and next symbols) intersymbol interference power ratio of 17 dB, these methods can reduce the variation in symbol error rates by more than two orders of magnitude and decrease the required signal-to-thermal noise ratio for a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> symbol error rate by more than 2 dB.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RE Migration: An in vitro Phenomenon of Certain Lymphoid Cells Induced by Heterologous Serum

RE (rapid, early) migration designates the greatly increased migration of guinea pig thymus cells in glass capillaries upon addition of a high concentration of normal human serum. Such migration exceeded random locomotion sevenfold and was terminated within 60 min. Serum activity was abolished by treatment at 56 °C for 30 min and was inhibited by addition of homologous serum. Neither spleen nor lymph node cells were induced to migrate in this manner by serum. The presence of inhibitory cells in these organs, and their presence in variable but lower amounts also in the thymus, is suggested. Normal human serum was highly cytotoxic for thymus cells and somewhat less toxic for lymph node cells. However, the results indicate that RE migration is either independent of the cytotoxic effect of heterologous serum or else requires that a very high percentage of the cells are killed. The killing of thymocytes by several other means did not induce RE migration. In addition to demonstrating and quantitating this thymocyte-reactive factor in various sera, RE migration may be used for characterization of subpopulations of lymphocytes.

Topic: Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
MOESM5 of The impact of transfluthrin on the spatial repellency of the primary malaria mosquito vectors in Vietnam: Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus

Additional file 5: Figure S5. Sampling tubes at and below transfluthrin LOD, trial day 2/5 (Trial 3).

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Britain's Airship Program: Royal Navy vs. the Royal Air Force after World War I 1919-1930

In the aftermath of the first aerial bombing raids of London by German zeppelins, the military utility of a dirigible seemed practicable in the 1920s. Like Germany, Britain manufactured numerous rigid and non-rigid airships during the war and by war’s end, operated a significant fleet of seventy-three non-rigid and three rigid airships whose primary function were long patrols to counter the U-boat threat. 1 The British did not view the airship as a strategic bomber as the Germans but Britain’s military planners saw them continuing their naval reconnaissance role as well as serving as a strategic troop transport and communication link for her vast global Empire. The continuation of the British airship program came to highlight the difficulties of country’s dire postwar financial condition and the interservice rivalry between the recently formed Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy in the 1920s. The airship program became a victim to the inability to balance these conflicting needs. Sir Frederick Sykes, Controller-General of the Department of Civil Aviation in a speech before the London Chamber of Commerce just after the armistice in November 1918 stated that the airship had numerous advantages over the airplane and how it could enhance the military and commercial transportation system of the British Empire. 2 During this session, Sykes cited the wartime mission of the German Zeppelin L59. In November 1917, the L59 left from Jamboli, Bulgaria, carrying twelve tons of ammunition to re-supply the German troops fighting in German East Africa. The L59’s commander, Kapitanleutnant Ludwig Bockholt, abandoned the mission when he received a radio message indicating that the troops that he was to assist had already surrendered. Although the mission failed to deliver the supplies, the flight was a significant accomplishment. The zeppelin remained aloft over four days and flew 4,198 miles nonstop. The zeppelin demonstrated its heavy lift capabilities over vast

Topic: Historical and Architectural Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A simple access to ionic liquids using N-substituted imidazole derivatives from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts

Over the years, the imidazole nucleus has attracted considerable interest due to their chemical and biological properties. Imidazole ring is part of the structure of various natural products and drugs. In chemistry are employed as ligand, catalysts for chemical reactions and also as a starting material for the synthesis of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids have an important role in organic synthesis, are used as solvents and catalysts, exerting a profound effect on activity and selectivity of different chemical reactions. In this work, we report an approach to the synthesis of ionic liquids using N-substituted imidazole from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molding processed multi-layered and multi-functional nanocomposites with high structural ability, electrical conductivity and durable superhydrophobicity

Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces mainly attributed to the nano/micro textures and low surface energy materials, have exciting potential usage in fields such as self-cleaning, water-proofing and so forth.

Topic: Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence of dental flourosis in children 5 to 9 years age from Pedro Apostol School, with exclusive water access from el Chocho brook

SUMMARYObjective: To determine the prevalenceof fluorosis in children from 5-9 yearsof age, who have lived since birth in thecorregimiento de Montebello (Cali), andstudying in the Institución Educativa SanPedro Apóstol.Materials and methods: Cross-sectionalstudy with a sample of 60 school children.It was divided into three phases: Phase I:Measurement of minerals from the waterfountain at school. Phase II: Data Collectionon: risk factors and oral hygiene,through a survey of 27 questions. PhaseIII: Clinical examination to identify thepresence of fluorosis using the TFI index.Results: The average concentration offluoride in water was 1.0202 ppm. Theprevalence of fluorosis was 78.4%.Conclusion: The study population has ahigh prevalence of dental fluorosis.Key words: Fluoride, dental fluorosis,epidemiology, oral health.

Topic: Public Health and Environmental Issues
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Network-on-Chip: A State-of-the-art Review

Large scale System-on-Chip (SoC) has been enabled by the scaling of microchip technologies.As data intensive applications have emerged and processing power has increased, the threat of the communication components on single-chip systems introduced network on chip (NoC).NoC provides the concept of interachip communication.In this paper a study treats an outstanding concept for system-on-chip communication introduced as communication network on-chip (NoC).This paper includes the NoC basics, network topology, relevant research issues and different abstraction levels.

Topic: Interconnection Networks and Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences