jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does modern high standard life style cause type 1 diabetes in children?

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease which, in spite of intensive treatment, causes serious complications and increased mortality. The incidence is increasing, but the aetiology is unknown. As part of modern lifestyle, increased hygiene has been suspected as one contributing cause but so far there is no evidence. Several large epidemiological studies, mainly restricted to children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, have so far given no clue. Methods All Babies in Southeast Sweden is unique in its design as it has followed an unselected group of children from birth 1997–1999 and onwards with regular follow‐ups. This report is based on questionnaires from initially 16 051 children of whom 80 have later on developed type 1 diabetes. The parents answered questionnaires at the birth of their child and then after 1, 2–3, 5–6 and 8 years. A number of parameters possibly related to hygiene were analysed with several statistical methods, both with univariate and in regression models. Results Our study cannot identify any crucial environmental factor. This indicates that hygiene‐related parameters traditionally regarded as part of ‘modern life style’ do not play any important role for the aetiology of type 1 diabetes. Conclusions There is no reason to recommend a change of that part of our lifestyle. We find weak associations to previous gastrointestinal infections, which gives a hint that development of type 1 diabetes may be related to problems in the gut and maybe one should look closer into the microbes living in the gut. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pedagogical Problems of Organization of Laboratory and Practical Training in Universities

It has created ample opportunities for students to master many fundamental concepts relatively easily, conveniently, and robustly. In this regard, the creation of methodological guidelines, methodological manuals for the organization of laboratory and practical training in higher education institutions and their use in the educational process are important factors.

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hiding in plain sight: Surgical smoke threatens health of OR staff R

Research has shown that electrosurgical smoke presents a serious health hazard for the OR team. However, many remain skeptical of its harmful effects, and compliance with smoke evacuation recommendations is not consistent. Electrosurgical smoke results from the vaporization of tissue, fluid, and blood into a gaseous form by electrosurgical instruments. The smoke can contain live and dead cellular material including viruses and bacteria. Chemicals are produced, some of which are carcinogenic. Environmental health research has shown that the real danger is with nanoparticles, which comprise 80% of surgical smoke, Leonard Schultz, MD, FACS, told OR Manager. These ultrafine particles are less than 100 nanometers in size. When inhaled, they can cross the alveolar membranes and enter a person’s blood and lymphatic circulatory systems and travel to distant organs. “It is this environmental health research that should make evacuation of surgical smoke a priority for surgeons and nurses,” says Dr Schultz. Dr Schultz is former clinical assistant professor of surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, and CEO and chairman of Nascent Surgical, LLC, Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Nascent Surgical manufactures the miniSQUAIR surgical smoke evacuation system.

Topic: COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research on relationship among subjective well-being,job stressors and family function of ICU nurses in military hospitals

Objective To investigate the relationship among subjective well-being,job stressors and family function of ICU nurses in military hospitals.Methods Totally,124 nurses of 6 ICU in a 3A-level military hospital were investigated with General Well-being Scale,Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaire,and Family APGAR Index.Results No difference was found in the score of general subjective well-being between ICU nurses and domestic female norm(P 0.05).The level of job stress was severe(66.94%).The subjective well-being was negatively correlation with the stressors of professional development(P 0.01 or P 0.05) and positively correlation with family function(P 0.01).The nursing profession and work,workload and time distribution,family function were the influencing factors of subjective well-being among ICU nurses.Conclusion The subjective well-being of ICU nurses is affected by job stressors and family function.It is suggested to relieve ICU nurses' job stress and strengthen family function to improve their level of subjective well-being.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The management of early prostate cancer: a review

To carry out a review of the management of early (clinically localised) prostate cancer.Review of all published literature on the management of early prostate cancer was carried out through medline and index medicus searches.Published data of the management of early prostate cancer over the last three decades were included in the review.Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and analysed to determine their relevance to the title under review.After establishing relevance from the abstract, the entire paper was read, and the significant points included in the review.Greater number of men are currently being diagnosed with early prostate cancer. This is due to widespread use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening available worldwide. Radical treatment including radical prostatectomy and radical radiation therapy have proven curative value for a significant number of men with localised disease. Survival outcomes indicate that radical prostatectomy offers more reliable cure than radiation therapy for clinically localised disease. Immediate treatment related morbidity of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is currently quite low. Both treatment methods have similar impact on erectile function and continence. Rectal complications are however unique to radiation therapy. Surgical and radiation therapy delivery techniques should be further improved to reduce treatment related morbidity and quality of life outcomes.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of different agents onto multidrug resistant tumor cells revealed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been used to analyze the plasma membrane fluidity and heterogeneity of multidrug resistant cells. At the single cell level, the effects of different membrane agents present in the extra-cellular medium have been explored. Firstly, we reveal a modification of plasma membrane heterogeneities according to the addition of a fluidity modulator, benzyl alcohol. On the other hand, revertants such as verapamil and cyclosporin-A appear to act more specifically on the slow diffusion sites, such as lipids microdomains.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Variations in pH and Nutrients in Relation to Snohomish River Discharge in Possession Sound

Nutrients support the lifecycles of marine organisms, making them an important factor in the health of an estuary. To maintain a hospitable environment in an estuary, the pH is required to stay within the range of 7.5-8.5. Certain nutrients have strong correlations to pH, such as silicon, whose production is driven by acidic rainwater. Rainwater is one of the key elements that drives the discharge of the Snohomish River. In this research, nutrient concentrations were gathered at the mouth of the Snohomish River, at the Port of Everett within Possession Sound. These levels were compared to pH and river discharge that were gathered seasonally from 2017-2021. High nutrient levels are expected in spring months when flooding has occurred. The pH is expected to decrease and become more acidic in the fall months while decomposition is occurring at lower depths. This change is predicted to start in the summer and continue due to lack of precipitation and an increase in heat. Certain nutrients are expected to have correlations with pH and therefore could be linked to changes in pH. Nutrients and pH in Possession Sound may also be affected by the highly industrial surrounding areas that can cause contaminations through river run off. From the resulting data it is expected that common trends will immerge of the relationship between pH and nutrient levels. These common trends will likely alter as the amount of river discharge rises and falls over the course of a year. Studies of this type can help to determine how changes in river discharge impact the health of a marine life within an estuary.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New Onset Heart Failure Presents with Advanced, Global Cardiac Remodeling when Associated with Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of baseline cardiac remodeling present in patients with new-onset cardiomyopathy (CM) with and without atrial fibrillation (AF). AF concurrent with heart failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is limited research comparing the extent of cardiac remodeling present in patients with new-onset CM associated with AF (AF-CM group) to that present in patients with new-onset CM without any concomitant or antecedent dysrhythmia (CM group). Methods and Results: Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% without a prior history of CM were identified from our healthcare system’s electronic medical records for the period of January 1, 2012 to September 30, 2016. Those with an antecedent or concomitant diagnosis of AF comprised the AF-CM group, and those with no prior dysrhythmia comprised the CM group. The AF-CM group (n=196) was compared with the CM group (n=197). The groups were controlled for left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients in the AF-CM group had more left atrial, right atrial, and right ventricular remodeling, more advanced right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and increased severity of both tricuspid and mitral regurgitation at presentation than the CM group. Conclusion: Patients with new-onset CM with AF had greater global cardiac remodeling at presentation than those with CM not associated with AF.

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A scoping review of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with aortic dissection

Our objective was to provide evidence for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) for patients with aortic dissection (AD), so as to better improve the prognosis of patients and improve the quality of life (QoL) after discharge. The database PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang Chinese database, ZhiWang Chinese database, Chinese Clinical Trials Registry from establishment of each database until February 2021 were included. A total of 1684 records were found by searching the database and clinical trial registry, 178 duplicate records were deleted, and 11 records met the inclusion criteria according to the screening process. We can conclude that ECR for patients with AD can effectively reduce complications and shorten the course of the disease. In addition, it is very safe because there are no serious adverse events occurring. Further research should be developed from three aspects, including the development of systematic evaluation indicators and standardized clinical exercise rehabilitation pathway, more randomized controlled trials, and the development of individualized exercise program so as to help patients with AD better improve the prognosis and QoL.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DETECTING OUTLIERS AND INFLUENTIAL DATA POINTS IN RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) ANALYSIS

&lt;p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman" size="3"&gt;Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) studies and analyses are often used to evaluate medical tests and are very useful in the field of radiology to evaluate a single diagnostic imaging system, to compare the accuracy of two or more diagnostic imaging systems, or to assess observer performance.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;There have been many refinements in the development of different ROC type study designs and the corresponding statistical analysis. These methods have become increasingly important and ROC methods are the principal approach for evaluating imaging technologies and/or observer performances. The systems that are often evaluated using ROC methodology include digital and radiographic images of the chest and breast. An improved method of evaluating diagnostic imaging systems contributes to the development of better diagnostic methods; hence, improving imaging systems for diagnoses of breast and lung cancer would have major public health significance. In our work with observer performance studies, in which receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is used, we have noted that some contributions of readers and cases can substantially alter the conclusions of the analysis.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;To the best of our knowledge, to date there is no statistical test cited in the statistical literature that addresses the detection and influence of outliers on the estimate of the area under the ROC curve.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Evaluating outliers may be especially important for the ROC model since subtle (difficult) cases have the potential for being missed by a reader (e.g. a difficult positive case is rated as an unquestionably negative case), and can have a considerable influence on the estimated area under the ROC curve, especially if the study has a small set of cases.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Therefore, we believe it is important to develop a method for detecting and measuring the influence of outliers for ROC models.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;The development of this method will involve deriving a test statistic for outliers based on the jackknife influence values and conducting a preliminary validation of the test.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fish Cleaning Symbiosis: Notes on Juvenile Angelfishes (Pomacanthus, Chaetodontidae) and Comparisons with Other Species

Abstract Juvenile gray (Pomacanthus arcuatus) and French (P. paru) angelfish cleaned other fish and the observers' wounds in Florida's inshore waters where host species commonly congregate. Comparisons between the behavior of these facultative cleaners and published descriptions of obligate and other facultative cleaners suggested twelve specific questions about the control and function of cleaning symbiosis. Zusammenfassung Die auffälligen schwarz-gelb gestreiften Jungtiere von Pomacanthus arcuatus und Pomacanthus paru (Chaetodontidae) wurden vor der Küste Floridas beobachtet, wie sie andere Fischarten und die Wunden der Beobachterin putzten. Das Putzen geschah in flachem, verhältnismäßig stillem Wasser, wo die Putzgäste sich normalerweise auch ohne Putzfische versammelten. Die Putzgäste zeigten keine besonderen Aufforderungsstellungen, blieben aber für kurze Zeit bewegungslos, während der Putzfisch ihre Hinterflanke bearbeitete. Meist ging eine “Besichtigung” voraus, wobei der Putzer den Putzgast mit seinen Bauchflossen berührte. Das Abpicken war weder für die Putzfischart, den Putzgast noch für das Putzfressen spezifisch. Vergleiche mit anderen veröffentlichten Beschreibungen versuchen, verschiedene Fragen zu dieser Putzsymbiose zu beantworten. Die Vielfalt des Putzverhaltens könnte durch den Grad der Abhängigkeit der Putzerfische von dieser Tätigkeit für ihre Ernährung erklärt werden.

Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An algorithmic module toolkit to support quality management for building performance

Data from building automation systems is so far used for the operation of building systems and components only. The following work shows how this data can be used to enhance the building’s performance by strategically detecting potential sources for building optimization. With this method, faults and optimization potentials of the building operation can be detected; thus, the quality gap regarding efficiency and comfort aspects between design and operation can then be reduced. Furthermore, the intelligent use of data enables the realization of economic savings to support facility management with regards to increasingly complex HVAC systems. Effective quality management – rapid, transparent and cost effective – is carried out with the aid of digital methods, which are already state of the art in other industries.

Topic: Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An easy-to-use scoring system for predicting bacteraemia with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in a low-resistance setting

<b>Background:</b> The incidence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E) is increasing and a growing number of patients risk receiving inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment. Published scoring systems for predicting 3GCR-E bacteraemia are mostly based on studies from countries with a high incidence. In this study, we aimed to create an easy-to-use scoring system for predicting bacteraemia with these bacteria in a low-resistance setting.<b>Materials and methods:</b> Factors associated with 3GCR-E were studied retrospectively in a cohort of patients with Enterobacterales bacteraemia using uni- and multivariate analysis. A scoring system was constructed and was validated in a separate cohort of patients with Enterobacterales bacteraemia.<b>Results:</b> The derivation cohort comprised 625 cases of Enterobacterales bacteraemia. Three variables (previous hospital care abroad, 3GCR-E in a previous blood or urine culture and 3GCR-E in a previous rectal swab culture) were significantly associated with 3GCR-E bacteraemia. A scoring system, where at least one positive parameter equalled a positive score, was studied in the validation cohort, which comprised 675 cases of Enterobacterales bacteraemia. The sensitivity and specificity of the score were 53% and 95%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 38% and 97%, respectively.<b>Conclusions:</b> This study presents an easy-to-use scoring system for predicting bacteraemia with 3GCR-E. The performance of the score is similar to that of several other, more complicated, scoring systems, developed in countries with higher rates of resistance. The minimal extra effort required to use this new score could facilitate its introduction into clinical routine.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Attachment working models and false recall: a category structure approach

Two studies were conducted to test the central hypothesis that internal working models of\nattachment will influence false memory in a model-congruent pattern. Participants in both\nstudies were first primed with a relationship-specific attachment model by writing about a person\nwith whom they shared a secure, anxious, or avoidant relationship. Next participants viewed\nattachment-relevant and non-relevant stimuli presented in either a word list or vignette format.\nAfterwards they completed a brief distracter task followed by a category cued-recall memory\ntest. Study 2 participants also reported confidence ratings for each word recalled. Results from\nboth studies demonstrated interactive effects between chronic attachment and relationshipspecific\nmodels in predicting false memories. Effects were found primarily for attachment\nstimuli relevant to social isolation and hate/rejection themes. Both model-congruent and modelincongruent\neffects emerged depending on stimuli set and chronic attachment style. Notably, no\nattachment-based differences in false memories occurred for non-attachment stimuli. Finally, a\nconsistent association was found between confidence in false recall and congruence between\nparticipants' chronic and relationship-specific working models; specifically, greater confidence\nwas associated with congruency, and lower confidence with incongruence. This pattern occurred\nfor both attachment-relevant and non-relevant stimuli. The results of this research provide further support for a key proposition of attachment theory; namely, that relationship working\nmodels influence how individuals process relationship-relevant information in general. In\naddition, this research contributes new knowledge regarding the generation of false memories in\nparticular.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Solutions existence for two types of mixed variational relation problems

In the last decade, more and more authors have attempted to treat in a unified manner, by means of some binary or ternary relations, various equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium problems encountered in literature. Several types of variational relation problems have been investigated in many recent papers in which, as for other mathematical models, the main focus has been on sufficient conditions for the existence of solution. The existence of solution has been also studied for several types of systems of two variational relation problems called either mixed variational relation problems or simultaneous variational relation problems. In this paper, we deal with the existence of solutions for two types of mixed variational relation problems in which the involved relations (one binary and the other ternary) are linked by a certain condition of compatibility.

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Metallurgical Perspective on the Birth of Ancient Israel

The re-emergence of the copper industry in the Arabah valley between the twelfth and ninth centuries BCE stimulated wealth and economic development across the whole Southern Levant. Combining this reality with the metallurgical background of ancient Yahwism provides a material basis for the spread, from the early Iron Age, of the worship of YHWH in ancient Israel and neighboring nations, especially Edom. These findings strengthen the Qenite hypothesis of the origin of the Israelite religion. They also suggest that an official cult of YHWH, replacing a traditional esoteric dimension, is the main novelty of the Israelite religion. The claim of YHWH’s intervention in history, apparently absent from traditional Yahwism, is the other theological novelty advanced by the Israelites. This article suggests that both innovations are rooted in a desert-shaped form of Yahwism especially adapted to the way of life and the environment of Northwestern Arabia, the land of Biblical Midian.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences