jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MINERALOGY OF STREAM SEDIMENTS IN THE GABAL KAB-AMIRI AREA, CENTRAL EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT

This study provides an information about the heavy mineral composition of stream sediments of Wadi Kab -Amiri, Wadi Kab Um El Abas and Wadi El Saqia in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt.Geological and mineralogical investigations reveal the significant potential of the stream sediments in all the wadis for radioactive anomalies.Mineralogy of the heavy mineral separates includs variable contents of rare metal-, Th-and U-bearing minerals.Monazite, thorite and allanite are recorded in addition to several Nb-Ta-bearing phasess.Electron microprobe and EDX analyses constrain on the variable contents of Th and U in most heavy minerals under investigation.Considering the proximal radiometric anomalies and similar mineralogical composition of the KabAmiriintrusion and the more significant episyenitemass, it is concluded that the investigated stream sediments are endogenic sediments with inherited radiogenic and mineral budget.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Planar Visibility Counting Problem

For a set $S$ of $n$ disjoint line segments in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$, the visibility counting problem is to preprocess $S$ such that the number of visible segments in $S$ from any query point $p$ can be computed quickly. There have been approximation algorithms for this problem with trade off between space and query time. We propose a new randomized algorithm to compute the exact answer of the problem. For any $00$ is an arbitrary constant number.

Topic: Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-speed microactuation in a supersonic dual-stream jet flow

Supersonic shear layers experience instabilities that generate significant adverse effects; in complex configurations, these instabilities have global impacts as they foster compounding complications with other independent flow features. We consider the flow near the exit of a dual-stream rectangular nozzle. The supersonic core and sonic bypass streams mix downstream of a splitter plate trailing edge (SPTE) just above an adjacent deck. We perform two-dimensional direct numerical simulations with laminar inflow conditions to parametrically explore the influence of active flow control, considering various actuation angles and locations. The goal is to alleviate the prominent tone associated with vortices shed at the SPTE; these vortices initiate an unsteady shock system that affects the entire flow field through a shock-induced separation and the downstream evolution of plume shear layers. Resolvent analysis is performed on the baseline flow. The identified optimal response guides the placement of steady-blowing actuators. Since the resolvent analysis fundamentally investigates the input–output dynamics of a system, it is also utilized to uncover actuation-induced changes in the forcing–response dynamics. Spectral analysis shows that the baseline flow fluctuating energy is concentrated in the shedding instability. Actuating at optimal angles based on location disperses this energy into various flow features; this affects the shedding itself, and the structure and unsteadiness of the shock system, and thus the response of the deck and nozzle wall boundary layers and the plume. The resolvent analysis indicates, and Navier–Stokes solutions confirm, that favourable control is obtained by either indirectly or directly mitigating the baseline instability.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aesthetics and Evolutionary Psychology

The applications of the science of psychology to our understanding of the origins and nature of art is not a recent phenomenon; in fact, it is as old as the Greeks. Plato wrote of art not only from the standpoint of metaphysics, but also in terms of the psychic, especially emotional, dangers that art posed to individuals and society. It was Plato's psychology of art that resulted in his famous requirements in The Republic for social control of the forms and contents of art. Aristotle, on the other hand, approached the arts as philosopher more comfortably at home in experiencing the arts; his writings are to that extent more dispassionately descriptive of the psychological features he viewed as universal in what we would call 'aesthetic experience'. Although Plato and Aristotle both described the arts in terms of generalizations implicitly applicable to all cultures, it was Aristotle who most self-consciously tied his art theory to a general psychology.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Special educators' attitudes toward effective software selection and technology use

The two purposes of the study were: to investigate the attitudes of Education teachers toward the use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI); and to measure changes in Education teachers' attitudes toward computer education through use of a software selection program.
A total of fifty-five special education teachers from twenty-two schools in Hawaii volunteered to participate in the study. The majority of the participants were elementary special education teachers in self-contained classrooms.
Participants were pretested with instruments, based on a Likert scale, to measure attitudes toward CAI. After completion of the attitudinal scale, they were trained to use a software selection program, Special Guide. They completed an evaluation with multiple choice and open ended questions. The software program and all testing instruments were created specially for the study. The participants were posttested three to six months later.
The results suggest that (over 90%) of the participants had positive attitudes toward CAI and computer technology. Also, they reported intentions to increase use if they had appropriate software. The participants viewed Special Guide as a useful program and indicated they would use it again in the future.
There was no significant difference in attitude change between the pretest and posttest, suggesting that the participants already held positive expectations toward the use of CAI before the study.
Many of the educators' difficulties incorporating technology in their classrooms were expressed in the evaluations. While these problems and barriers did not affect their positive attitudes toward CAI they did prevent many of the teachers from implementing CAI in their classrooms.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions to nanoencapsulate liquid lipophilic bioactive compounds: process development and scale up

A wide variety of products containing bioactive compounds have been designed to meet the fundamental needs of society in terms of beauty, health and well-being. Nevertheless, these products do not provide the expected health benefit, because of the low water solubility, low chemical or biochemical stability and the high reactivity of these bioactive compounds, reasons why they lose their biological functionality and bioavailability. Among the different strategies developed to overcome this challenge, biopolymer-based micro- and nanoparticles are the most promising systems to maintain the biological functionality and bioavailability of the bioactive compound and to provide its controlled release in its physiological site of action. A large number of processes exist for obtaining biopolymer-based micro- and nanoparticles. Nonetheless, companies seek rapid and environmentally-friendly production processes that obtain spherical nanoparticles with core-shell structure, controlled particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency, which guarantee the health effect. The increasing demand for new products and the drawbacks of the existing processes are causing a steady research for new technological possibilities...

Topic: Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
USP7 stabilizes EZH2 and enhances cancer malignant progression.

EZH2, a histone methylase, plays a critical role in the tumor progression via regulation of progenitor genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of EZH2 in cancer malignant progression remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how EZH2 is regulated in human cancer. We used numerous approaches, including Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Transfection, RT-PCR, Western blotting, Transwell assays, and animal studies, to determine the deubiquitination mechanism of EZH2 in cancer cells. We demonstrated that USP7 regulated EZH2 in human cancer cells and <i>in vivo</i> in mouse models. Overexpression of USP7 promoted the expression of EZH2 protein, but overexpression of a USP7 mutant did not change the EZH2 level. Consistently, knockdown of USP7 resulted in a striking decrease in EZH2 protein levels in human cancer cells. Functionally, USP7 overexpression promoted cell growth and invasion via deubiquitination of EZH2. Consistently, downregulation of USP7 inhibited cell migration and invasion in cancer. More importantly, knockdown of USP7 inhibited tumor growth, while USP7 overexpression exhibited opposed effect in mice. Our results indicate that USP7 regulates EZH2 via its deubiquitination and stabilization. The USP7/EZH2 axis could present a new promising therapeutic target for cancer patients.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of regular aspirin use on aneurysm recanalization rates after endovascular coiling

OBJECTIVE Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose a significant health risk, often leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe neurological outcomes. Endovascular coiling has been a principal treatment method, but it comes with the challenge of high recanalization rates. Aspirin has recently emerged as a potential agent to reduce these rates. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of regular aspirin use on aneurysm recanalization rates following endovascular coiling in a 10-year single-institution study. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on a dataset of 2236 aneurysms treated by a single neurosurgeon over a period of 10 years. The primary outcome measure was aneurysm recanalization, defined by a change in the Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification of at least one grade. RESULTS A total of 525 aneurysms were coiled, 109 of which involved patients who reported regular use of aspirin. The recanalization rate was significantly lower in the aspirin group (9.2%) compared with the control group (23.6%) (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.66; p = 0.001). On analysis of the specific mechanisms of recanalization, aneurysm sac growth was less frequent in the aspirin group (5.5%) compared with the control group (18%) (OR 0.265, 95% CI 0.09–0.63; p = 0.002). Additionally, patients in the control group had a higher retreatment rate (18%) than patients in the aspirin group (5.5%) (OR 0.265, 95% CI 0.09–0.63; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Regular use of aspirin appears to be associated with reduced rates of aneurysm recanalization after endovascular coiling. However, caution is advised in interpretation of these results given the retrospective nature of this study. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Topic: Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Engendering prehistoric technology? All it takes is practice

For more than a century, the study of prehistoric technology has been ruled by a "tyranny of the obvious". An entrenched focus on instrumentality has projected into the pre-modern past the worst of modernity: alienation, fetishism, and rocentrism and the supposed neutrality of objective, dispassionate science. As little more than self-legitimating teleologies, the resulting simulacra have paradoxically erased the (en)gendered and socially constituted technician with the nightmarish "Homo faber technologicus". This paper offers a radical alternative to conventional wisdom, guided by feminist and philosophical insights on embodiment and technology, and operationalized with the principles of practice theory. It redefines prehistoric technology as a word of embodied, meaningful, social (and hence gendered) interaction, and focuses methodological attention on the intertwined social, material and symbolic arenas in which gendered technicians created and negotiated their material world and, thus, themselves. Thus gender attribution is not sufficient for engendering prehistoric technology. Research on the European Upper Paleolithic era grounds the discussion.

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Representations of the Symmetric Group and Nonstandard Quantum Statistics

From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Spring 2018. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research and Associate Dean in the College of Arts &amp; Sciences; Lindsey Paunovich, Editor; Helen Human, Programs Manager and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences Mentor: Renato Feres

Topic: Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Have LLMs Advanced Enough? A Challenging Problem Solving Benchmark For Large Language Models

The performance of large language models (LLMs) on existing reasoning benchmarks has significantly improved over the past years. In response, we present JEEBench, a considerably more challenging benchmark dataset for evaluating the problem solving abilities of LLMs. We curate 515 challenging pre-engineering mathematics, physics and chemistry problems from the highly competitive IIT JEE-Advanced exam. Long-horizon reasoning on top of deep in-domain knowledge is essential for solving problems in this benchmark. Our evaluation on various open-source and proprietary models reveals that the highest performance, even after using techniques like self-consistency, self-refinement and chain-of-thought prompting, is less than 40%. The typical failure modes of GPT-4, the best model, are errors in algebraic manipulation, difficulty in grounding abstract concepts into mathematical equations accurately and failure in retrieving relevant domain-specific concepts. We also observe that by mere prompting, GPT-4 is unable to assess risk introduced by negative marking for incorrect answers. For this, we develop a post-hoc confidence-thresholding method over self-consistency, which enables effective response selection. We hope that our challenging benchmark will guide future re-search in problem-solving using LLMs.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lewis Acid Directed Regioselective Metalations of Pyridazine

Abstract Mono‐ or bidentate boron Lewis acids trigger a regioselective magnesiation or zincation of pyridazine in position C3 ( ortho product) or C4 ( meta product). The regioselectivity of the metalation was rationalized with the help of calculated p K a values of both pyridazine and pyridazine/Lewis acid complexes.

Topic: Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of use of conventional and sexed semen on conception rate, calf sex, calf birth weight, and stillbirth in Holstein heifers

Pregnancy rate is low in artificial insemination with sexed semen compared to conventional semen. This situation poses a major problem for dairy farms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of semen type on conception rate, calf sex and birth weight, stillbirth, pregnancy loss, and postpartum maternal body weight (MBW) in Holstein heifers inseminated with sexed (n = 229), and conventional semen (n = 153). The female and male calf ratios of the heifers inseminated with sexed and conventional semen were found to be 88% to 54.8% and 12% to 45.2%, respectively. There was a significant difference between sperm type and calf sex (p < 0.001). While 36.7% of calves between 34 and 36 kg birth weights were born from heifers inseminated with sexed semen, 15.7% were born from heifers inseminated with conventional semen. Moreover, 46% and 17.3% of calves that had birth weights of 36.1-38.1 kg and > 38.2 kg were born from heifers inseminated with sexed semen while 40% and 44.3% were born from heifers inseminated with conventional semen, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between semen type and calf birth weights (p < 0.001). After calving, there was a significant difference between semen type and MBW after calving (p < 0.001). In the sexed and conventional semen groups, the MBW after calving was found to range from 11.3% to 23.5% in the 400-460 kg, 46.7% to 57.4% in the 461-511 kg, and 42% to 19.1% in the 512-587 kg weight categories, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between sperm type and mean gestation length and calf birth weight, pregnancy loss, stillbirth rate, and weaning calf mortality rates. There was a strong positive correlation between semen type, sex, and calf birth weight. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the MBW, the gestation period and the survival status of the calves. It was determined that there was a minor positive relationship between the insemination season and the gestation period, MBW, and the survival status of the calves. Our results demonstrated that with careful and consistent application of herd management program in dairy cattle farms, the rates of pregnancy obtained with sexed and conventional semen will increase, whilst parameters such as stillbirth and pregnancy loss will decrease.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Polymer interaction of the genes SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 in the inheritance of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root system

Roots branching regulation is an important adaptive mechanism for the adaptation of plants to root environments. Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms involved in increase in the degree of plant root branching is essential in improving the responsiveness of crops to supply elements. The aim was to study the interaction of the genes SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 as attributes of the root system of A. thaliana are inherited. By crossing plants of the mutant lines shy2-2×msg1-2, nph4-1×iar2-1, a segregation in F2 was observed, suggesting an interaction between the polymer SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 genes. The segregation ratio of the phenotypes in F2 is 15:1. The results presented are of interest for practical use of the economically valuable trait «branching roots» in plant breeding to create varieties and hybrids with the desired properties of mineral nutrition. Our data indicate that the ability of plant roots to increase the degree of branching depends on individual genes and can be inherited through polymer gene interactions. Knowing the polymeric nature of inheritance in the root system, the length of lateral roots in the interaction of genes can be combined by crossing genes and increase the degree of branching of the roots from cultivated plants to create agrochemically effective varieties and hybrids.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Using Literature in teaching linguistic, cultural and personal -growth aspects in EFL Classroom

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi: SAP419. Curs: 2017/2018.

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analisis Problematika Pembelajaran Online SDN 1 Kalirejo Kabupaten Malang Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has made all schools in Indonesia carry out online learning activities, including SDN 1 Kalirejo, Malang Regency. The implementation of online learning does not always run smoothly, but is accompanied by problems that appear one after another. The type of research used is qualitative research. The research technique used is in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Subjects in this study amounted to 7 people, including the principal and teachers in grades 1 to grade 6. The results obtained from this study are that problems occur in each class. Online learning problems arise because the implementation of online learning is still something new for all parties who are directly related to education. Online learning is carried out without prior socialization and simulation, but is directly applied in the field. This is what demands school principals, teachers, students, and parents to adapt to the online learning system. It is in this adaptation process that new problems that must be faced by principals, teachers, students, and parents emerge. The problems faced by each classroom teacher are also different.

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Computer Software for Analysis of Infrared Targets and Clutter.

This report is the second in an anticipated series of progress reports on target/background modeling related to the US Army Missile Research and Development Command's Target Signature Program. This report describes data collection and computer software used to characterize infrared targets and clutter in the 3- to 5-micron and 8- to 14-micron infrared spectrum. A raster type scanner Thermovision system is used to collect 10,000 data points per infrared picture. These Thermovision data points provide input to several different types of computer software routines used to investigate and evaluate passive infrared targets and clutter signatures and identify potential target discrimination and acquisition techniques. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences