jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
YSI data from the Neuse River from 2008-2013

The Neuse River Estuary Water Quality Dataset is a compilation of the biological, chemical and physical water quality data that was collected along the length of the Neuse River Estuary, NC from March 14, 1985 to February 15, 1989

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Will User-Generated Content (YouTube) Replace Professionally-Generated Content (Mainstream Media)?

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate if User-Generated Content (UGC) will
replace mainstream media, the Professionally-Generated Content (PGC), in both entertainment
and news information. This topic came about from the drop of TV viewership especially from
audiences of age between 18 – 24. Half of the TV viewing time has moved from TV to other
platforms. With the shift in viewing pattern, especially from the younger audiences where
online platform became a big part of their lives, it is easy to wonder if online content will one
day take over as the main media. This research focuses its study on Generation Z because they
are the one who will slowly replace the previous generation. Knowing the media usage
behaviour of gen. Z, this research is able to conclude if UGC is replacing, taking over or
coexisting with PGC.
The objectives of this research are to study the factors that contributed to the success of UGC,
to wait degree UGC is affecting the mainstream media and finally have netizen journalism
affected professional journalism in any way or form. Both quantitative (survey) and qualitative
(focus group, observation) research is used to achieved the research objectives. From the data
collected, it is seen that gen. Z drastically preferred YouTube as the main source of
entertainment. The reasons being that it is convenient, viewers are in control of their viewing
preference, the unlimited options of content and the presence of both UGC and PGC. Twothird
of respondents watches more UGC and the remaining prefers PGC on YouTube. However,
in the journalism perspectives, more prefers professionally-generated news. That being said,
they do not avoid netizen journalist completely but netizen journalist act as a teaser, notification,
obtaining more pictures or video that are censored from mainstream media and etc. Data
collected has also shown that many mainstream channels are making their content available on
YouTube. As a conclusion, both UGC and PGC has their own part that the audiences are relying on. UGC
is doing better in entertainment content while PGC is important in news information. However,
the trend saw in this research it’s that for both UGC and PGC, majority still prefers to view it
from online medium.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Entomotoxic Effect of Colocasia esculenta Tuber Agglutinin against Dysdercus cingulatus

Colocasia esculenta tuber agglutinin (CEA), a mannose binding lectin, exhibits insecticidal efficacy against different hemipteran pests. Dysdercus cingulatus, red cotton bug (RCB), has also shown significant susceptibility to CEA intoxication. However, the molecular basis behind such entomotoxicity of CEA has not been addressed adequately. The present study elucidates the mechanism of insecticidal efficacy of CEA against RCB. Confocal and scanning electron microscopic analyses documented CEA binding to insect midgut tissue, resulting in an alteration of perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) morphology. Internalization of CEA into insect haemolymph and ovary was documented by western blotting analyses. Ligand blot followed by mass spectrometric identification revealed the cognate binding partners of CEA as actin, ATPase and cytochrome P450. Deglycosylation and mannose inhibition assays indicated the interaction to probably be mannose mediated. Bioinformatic identification of putative glycosylation or mannosylation sites in the binding partners further supports the sugar mediated interaction. Correlating entomotoxicity of CEA with immune histological and binding assays to the insect gut contributes to a better understanding of the insecticidal potential of CEA and endorses its future biotechnological application.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lack of Deleterious Interaction Between Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and β-Blockers in the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure

The Valsartan-Heart Failure trial formulated the hypothesis that combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers with an angiotensin-receptor blocker had a deleterious interaction. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved heart failure indication for valsartan included the statement that concomitant use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a β-blocker was not recommended. The Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM)-Added and the VALsartan In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) provide reassuring evidence to support concomitant use of angiotensin-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and β-blockers. The FDA-approved heart failure indication for candesartan included the statement of additive benefits with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers and led to a change in the valsartan label. These considerations have great clinical and public health importance given the increasing numbers of patients with heart failure, their high morbidity and mortality, and the relatively limited number of effective drug therapies

Topic: Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an isolated esophageal eosinophilia associated with clinical symptoms, is a disease that has received a great deal of attention over the last 10–15 years. EoE, previously known as primary eosinophilic esophagitis, idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis or allergic esophagitis, occurs in both children and adults. Prior to 1995, the literature contained only rare reports of individuals diagnosed with an isolated esophageal eosinophilia. However, since 1995, reports in the literature and information related to EoE has grown tremendously. This chapter focuses on the history of EoE including initial reports of esophageal eosinophilia prior to 1995, the landmark article identifying EoE as a disorder in 1995, the growth of EoE in the literature since 1995, the development of the First International Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Research Symposium (FIGERS) in 2006, and the creation of The International Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Researchers (TIGERS).

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A model of advancing flow front in RIM

Abstract A two‐dimensional model is developed for mold filling in Reaction Injection Molding using a Petrov‐Galerkin finite‐element method with free surface parameterization. Dependence of viscosity on the conversion and temperature is represented by the Castro‐Macosko function. The model predicts the velocity, pressure, temperature, and conversion distributions with time during the filling stage of a rectangular mold. No a priori assumptions are made regarding the shape of the advancing flow front, or regarding any variables in the flow front region. The accuracy is further improved by using the Petrov‐Galerkin formulation, rather than the Galerkin formulation. The results are presented for well‐characterized polyurethane systems, for which reliable experimental data is available. The predictions of the model for the pressure rise are in excellent agreement with the experimental data (1) even close to the gel point. These refined predictions are expected to assist in estimating fiber orientation and bubble growth in the final RIM parts, in which the flow front region plays the most important role. Characterization of polyurethane/polyurea and polyurea materials is underway, and will be subsequently incorporated in the model.

Topic: Injection Molding Process and Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On-Demand Drug Delivery: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Applications

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including life-threatening atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis, account for almost 50% of all deaths in Europe and around 30% of all deaths worldwide. Despite the ongoing improvement and accessibility of invasive cardiovascular interventions and pharmacological therapies, pathological processes often progress asymptomatically, before manifesting themselves as unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death or stroke. Since atherosclerosis and thrombosis represent localized disease processes, insufficient response to systemically-administered drugs is a common problem. The available pharmacological therapies are often burdened by poor tolerability, limited efficacy and/or bioavailability. Although encapsulating drugs in a nanoscale shell increases their circulation time and availability, it does not guarantee disease-specific targeting, or the proper control of the drug release. In contrast, on-demand drug delivery has the advantage of localized treatment and allows reducing off-target effects by a stimuli-controlled drug release in the affected region. Such “smart” systems are expected to have a great therapeutic potential in CVD. This mini-review article highlights recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery approaches to CVD, with specific drug release triggered either internally or externally.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IODIZED OIL ASPIRATION IN THE NEWBORN

DURING roentgenoscopy of the esophagus in newborn infants, with use of iodized oil, we frequently observed the presence of the oil in the trachea and the bronchial tree. This finding in apparently normal infants could conceivably be confusing in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the laryngoesophageal region. Concern about this phenomenon prompted us to carry out further studies. <h3>METHODS AND MATERIAL</h3> The group consisted of 100 healthy newborn infants in ages ranging from 12 to 24 hours. They were examined in the supine position with a standard fluoroscopic-roentgenographic unit; those studied within the first 12 postnatal hours received no feeding of any kind. After a preliminary roentgenoscopic survey of chest and abdomen, the infants were fed varying amounts of chloriodized oil (iodochlorol®) warmed to body temperature, a standard feeding bottle and nipple being used. The act of swallowing was carefully observed, and the opaque medium was followed to the stomach.

Topic: Foreign Body Medical Cases
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
eQTL mapping in transgenic alpha-synuclein carrying <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> recombinant inbred lines

Abstract Protein aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is a genetic and neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Studies in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that variation of αS aggregation depends on the genetic background. However, which genes and genetic modifiers underlie individual differences in αS pathology remains unknown. To study the genotypic-phenotypic relationship of αS aggregation, we constructed a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) panel derived from a cross between genetically divergent strains C. elegans NL5901 and SCH4856, both harboring the human αS gene. As a first step to discover genetic modifiers 70 αS-RILs were measured for whole-genome gene expression and expression quantitative locus analysis (eQTL) were mapped. We detected multiple eQTL hot-spots, many of which were located on Chromosome V. To confirm a causal locus, we developed Introgression Lines (ILs) that contain SCH4856 introgressions on Chromosome V in an NL5901 background. We detected 74 genes with an interactive effect between αS and the genetic background, including the human p38 MAPK homologue pmk-1 that has previously been associated with PD. Together, we present a unique αS-RIL panel for defining effects of natural genetic variation on αS pathology, which contributes to finding genetic modifiers of PD.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some Haematological Data on Pregnant Gurkha Women

In a retrospective survey of 285 pregnancies in Gurkha women living in the New Territories of Hong Kong, the mean values of Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Volume and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration were examined with the aim of establishing basic data.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Organized cervical cancer screening in the "Novi Sad" Health Centre

Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by early detection. Yet, it is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide. According to data from the Cancer Registry of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut," 1044 newly diagnosed cases were registered among women and 438 women died from this malignant localization in 2019. Human papillomavirus infection (hereinafter referred to as: HPV) is the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Thanks to the natural course of HPV infection and the biological behaviour of premalignant changes in the cervix, cervical cancer prevention can be carried out at the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels. Secondary prevention involves screening (early detection of asymptomatic forms of the disease) and represents an organized mass invitation of the target population of women (aged between 25 and 64 years) for testing and interpretation of test results, followed by quality assurance control and reporting. Organized screening is done at threeyear intervals in the healthy population and allows for detecting not only malignant disease but also precancerous changes whose removal prevents the occurrence of malignant diseases. The methodology used in this paper included the monitoring of screening results performed at the "Novi Sad" Health Centre in the period from 2013 to 2022. The documentation of the institution's regular reporting on screening results, which contains depersonalized aggregated data, was used as a data source. In the statistical data analysis, descriptive statistics was used and the data have been presented in tabular form. The Women's Health Care Service with its Cytology laboratory has been the implementer of the organized cervical cancer screening program at the "Novi Sad" Health Centre since 2013 (covering a population of 110,067 women aged 25 to 64 for the territory of the municipality of Novi Sad and the municipality of Sremski Karlovci). The gynaecology service of the "Novi Sad" Health Centre was highly commended by the Cervical Cancer Screening Office for the results achieved in terms of the highest coverage of the target population and the largest number of Pap smear tests performed. In the period from March 2013 to July 2022, a total of 210,410 swabs, of which 9,469 (4.5%) showed atypia, were taken for screening purposes at the "Novi Sad" Health Centre. The aim of the paper was to show the organization of the "Novi Sad" Health Centre as well as the results achieved in organized cervical cancer screening, as a secondary prevention measure that can contribute to the reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates among women.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Kelor (moringa oleifera L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the composition of the planting medium with the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of Moringa leaves on the growth and yield of shallot plants. This research was conducted in October 2022 - March 2023 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. The study used a completely randomized design with 2 factors, there were 16 treatment combinations, 3 repetitions, and each repetition there were 3 experimental units, so that 144 experimental units were obtained. The first factor is the composition of the planting medium consisting of control; soil: cow manure (1:2); soil: cow manure (2:2) and soil: cow manure (3:2). The second factor was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for moringa leaves which consisted of control; 20ml/l; 50 ml/l and 80ml/l. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the treatment of the composition of the planting medium and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of Moringa leaves on the fresh weight of the tubers and the dry weight of the tubers. The treatment of the composition of the planting media was able to increase the growth and yield of shallot plants, and the addition of liquid organic fertilizer for Moringa leaves was able to increase the growth and yield of shallot plants.

Topic: Shallot Cultivation and Analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
“My Greatness Made a Difference There”: Exploring the High School Experiences of High Achieving Black Girls

Recent studies have provided insight into the schooling experiences and lives of Black girls. These studies highlight the challenges that Black girls face in the school environment including underachievement, disproportionality in school discipline, deficit ideologies, and educator and counselor bias. The current study centers the voices on high achieving Black girls in an effort to center their unique and nuanced experiences in high school. Data was collected using in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. We found that high achieving Black girls must navigate deficit thinking and negative stereotypes similar to their peers while they also pull strength and resilience from their intersecting identities. Further, high achieving Black girls were tenacious in their pursuits and found familial and teacher relationships to be paramount in their success. These findings support the importance of developing intentional and systemic supports to counter intersectional oppression to meet the needs of high achieving Black girls.

Topic: Education Discipline and Inequality
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison Between Peripheral and Central Blood Cultures in Pediatric Oncology Patients With Blood Stream Infections

Background: Current guidelines for fever in children with cancer recommend obtaining blood cultures from all lumens of the central venous catheter (CVC) and to consider a concurrent peripheral blood culture. We assessed the characteristics of blood stream infections (BSI) in oncology children and compared central and peripheral pathogen growth. Methods: A prospective, computerized surveillance of BSI in children treated at the oncology unit between May 2014 and July 2020. The growth of the same organism within a month was considered a single episode, ≥2 organisms in the same culture were defined as different episodes. Only children with concomitant cultures, drawn at presentation before initiation of antibiotics were included in the comparison between CVC and peripheral cultures. Results: A total of 139 episodes in 81 children (with implanted Port-A-catheters) were considered true BSI. Of the 94/139 (67.6%) cases where a central and peripheral culture were concomitantly obtained, 52/94 (55.3%) had positive central/peripheral cultures that grew the same organism, 31/94 (33.0%) had positive central cultures only, and 11/94 (11.7%) had positive peripheral cultures only. In 3/94 cases, the organisms that grew from the CVC were not identical to those from the peripheral site. Four of 52 (7.7%) of the same positive central/peripheral pathogens had different susceptibility testing results. Higher CVC removal rates were observed when both peripheral and CVC cultures were positive ( P =0.044). Conclusions: Overall, 11.7% of BSI episodes were identified only by peripheral culture and 7.7% of paired organisms did not share the same susceptibility test results which emphasizes the importance of a peripheral culture in managing fever in oncology children.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design, fabrication and testing of hierarchical micro-optical structures and systems

Micro-optical systems are becoming essential components in imaging, sensing, communications, computing, and other applications. Optically based designs are replacing electronic, chemical and mechanical systems for a variety of reasons, including low power consumption, reduced maintenance, and faster operation. However, as the number and variety of applications increases, micro-optical system designs are becoming smaller, more integrated, and more complicated. Micro and nano-optical systems found in nature, such as the imaging systems found in many insects and crustaceans, can have highly integrated optical structures that vary in size by orders of magnitude. These systems incorporate components such as compound lenses, anti-reflective lens surface structuring, spectral filters, and polarization selective elements. For animals, these hybrid optical systems capable of many optical functions in a compact package have been repeatedly selected during the evolutionary process. Understanding the advantages of these designs gives motivation for synthetic optical systems with comparable functionality. However, alternative fabrication methods that deviate from conventional processes are needed to create such systems. Further complicating the issue, the resulting device geometry may not be readily compatible with existing measurement techniques.\nThis dissertation explores several nontraditional fabrication techniques for optical components with hierarchical geometries and measurement techniques to evaluate performance of such components. A micro-transfer molding process is found to produce high-fidelity micro-optical structures and is used to fabricate a spectral filter on a curved surface. By using a custom measurement setup we demonstrate that the spectral filter retains functionality despite the nontraditional geometry. A compound lens is fabricated using similar fabrication techniques and the imaging performance is analyzed. A spray coating technique for photoresist application to curved surfaces combined with interference lithography is also investigated. Using this technique, we generate polarizers on curved surfaces and measure their performance. This work furthers an understanding of how combining multiple optical components affects the performance of each component, the final integrated devices, and leads towards realization of biomimetically inspired imaging systems.

Topic: Optical Coatings and Gratings
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences