jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mesothelium expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)

BACKGROUND Mesothelium vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) expression in the metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) microenvironment is induced by tumor and mediates tumor cell invasion. VCAM‐1 imaging suggests expression during treatment is an indicator of platinum resistance. Here, we assess the potential prognostic significance of mesothelium VCAM‐1 expression and prospectively evaluate whether soluble VCAM‐1 (sVCAM‐1) is a surrogate for mesothelium expression. METHODS A retrospective review of EOC patients was performed to evaluate outcomes with mesothelium VCAM‐1 expression determined by immunohistochemistry of peritoneum or omentum specimens. A prospective cohort of EOC patients was identified and followed through primary treatment. Serum for sVCAM‐1 evaluation, which was performed via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, was collected before surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and at each treatment cycle. Peritoneal specimens were obtained during debulking to assess mesothelial VCAM‐1 expression. RESULTS A retrospective review identified 54 advanced‐stage EOC patients. Patients expressing mesothelium VCAM‐1 had shortened overall survival (44 vs 79 months, P = 0.035) and progression‐free survival (18 vs 67 months, P = 0.010); the median time to platinum resistance was 36 months for VCAM‐1–expressing patients and not yet determined for the VCAM‐1–negative group. In our prospective observational cohort, 18 EOC patients completed primary treatment; 3 were negative for mesothelium VCAM‐1 expression, and sVCAM‐1 did not vary between groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesothelium VCAM‐1 expression is negatively associated with progression‐free and overall survival in EOC. This is especially compelling in light of previous data suggesting that persistent VCAM‐1 expression during treatment is an indicator of platinum resistance. Our pilot study had insufficient cases to determine whether sVCAM‐1 would substitute for mesothelium expression. Cancer 2017;123:977–84. © 2016 American Cancer Society .

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incidence of HIV-1 Infection among Adults in the Kagera Region of Tanzania

The results of a population-based follow-up study are presented. The baseline study which started in August 1987, was carried out to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1) infection in the Kagera region of Tanzania. A multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the study population. In the followup survey which started in June 1988. members of the same study population were revisited and studied in order to determine the incidence of HIV-1 infection among those who ware HIV seronegative in the initial survey. HIV serology was conducted by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and all positive sera were confirmed by the Western blot technique. A total population of 1316 adults aged 15–54 years was studied, constituting an average follow-up response rate of 69% in the rural areas and of 59% in the urban area. The overall incidenca of HIV-1 infection among the adult population sample was 13.7 per 1000 person-years at risk with the highest incidence in the urban zone 147.5 per 1000 person-years at risk) and the lowest incidence in one of the three rural zones 14.9 per 1000 person-years at risk). The age-specific annual incidence was highest in the age group 25–34 years for males and in the age group 15–24 for females. From these results it was estimated that the number of newly infected adults in the region each year is about 8200 with a range between 5400 and 11 000 corresponding to the 95% confidence limits on the overall incidence. This observation indicates a serious level of continued transmission of HIV-1 infection in the region. It therefore calls for more intensified control measures against the epidemic at all levels in the country since a similar picture may exist in the other regions.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Software Interfaces to Hardware Counters

The field of performance analysis is almost as old as scientific computing itself. This is because large-scale scientific computations typically press the outer envelope of performance. Thus, unless a user’s application has been tuned to obtain a high fraction of the theoretical peak performance available on the system, he/she might not be able to run the calculation in reasonable time or within the limits of computer resource allocations available to the user. For these reasons, techniques for analyzing performance and modifying code to achieve higher performance have long been a staple of the high-performance computing field.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of bee venom and melittin on apoptosis and biotransformation in colorectal carcinoma cell lines

This study provides data about anticancer properties of bee venom and its dominant compound, melittin on colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116 and SW-480) in regard to their proapoptotic activity and expression of genes involved in biotransformation process. Based on results, they are strong cytotoxins, where the melittin showed also selectivity against cancer cells compared to normal, HaCat. They induce proapoptotic activity by affecting apoptosis signaling molecules (Fas receptors, caspase 9, and members of Bcl-2 family of proteins) and mainly suppress expression of genes involved in their biotransformation, suggesting their ability to develop the resistance of colorectal cancer cells.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Validity of a Primary Screening Device as a Predictor of Subsequent Academic Achievement

Correlations among scores on motor, visual, auditory, and language subscales of a primary device, Yellow Brick Road, with subsequent academic achievement on Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills were moderate (.35 to .81). Comparisons of the third grade boys ( n, 113) and girls ( n, 111) on the screening device yielded little difference. Implications for screening and educational strategies were discussed.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Effectiveness of climate resilient agricultural technologies as perceived by farmers in Nalgonda District of Telangana State

The detrimental effects of climate change on Indian Agriculture are inevitable and agricultural professionals are bestowed with the responsibility of making it less vulnerable to climate change. In the present context, the following study was undertaken in Nalgonda district of Telangana State in India where three villages namely Nandyala Gudem, Boring thanda and Kotha thanda of Athmakur (S) Mandal were selected purposively as the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) interventions are being implemented in these villages to impart climate resilience. A sample size of 40 farmers was selected at random from each village thus comprising a total sample size of 120. An index was developed to assess the perceived effectiveness of Climate Resilient Agricultural (CRA) technologies by the farmers using five indicators viz., Adoption of CRA technologies, Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive capacity and Sustainability. The results revealed that the majority of respondents belonged to the category of a high level of adoption of CRA technologies (39.17%), medium level of exposure (30.84%), low sensitivity (30%), medium adaptive capacity (31.67%) and high sustainability (36.67%) of CRA technologies as perceived by the farmers. The overall effectiveness of CRA technologies as perceived by the farmers was found to be medium (35.83%) for a majority of the farmers followed by very highly effective (29.17%).

Topic: Climate change impacts on agriculture
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Volatile Components of Geneps (<i>Melicocca bijuga</i> L.) Fruit

Abstract Volatile components of geneps fruit were isolated by simultaneous hydrodistillation/solvent extraction. The fruit had 17.4 mg/kg of total volatile compounds. Major components were ethanol (37.3%) and hexadecanoic acid (30.2%), with lesser amounts of ethyl acetate (9.7%) and methyl acetate (4.7%).

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Migration and space use by porbeagle sharks Lamna nasus in the northeast Atlantic

The porbeagle shark Lamna nasus , a top predator in the North Atlantic, is vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors due to its life history characteristics. Understanding its biology, abundance and spatial ecology is crucial for underpinning effective conservation and management strategies. We collected satellite tag data from 10 porbeagle sharks caught off the north coast of Ireland to study migration behaviour and space use. Data from pop-up satellite archival tags and platform terminal telemetry tags collected between July 2010 and February 2014 (for deployments up to ~9 mo) showed long-distance (1479-25707 km), seasonal migrations, with autumnal movements along the shelf-break to regions around Portugal, the Bay of Biscay and the Azores via the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Migrations to waters off Norway and the Faroe/Shetland Islands were also evident prior to these autumnal southward migrations. In spring, some sharks returned northwards, and there was evidence of site fidelity for shelf waters around the northern Irish coast and western Scotland and the Celtic Sea in summer. Porbeagles exhibited seasonal changes in vertical space use as they traversed various habitats during migration, with deeper occupancy of the water column in winter than in summer. There was a distinct day-night pattern in porbeagle depth distribution during their off-shelf residency in winter, consistent with diel vertical migrations between deep waters in daytime and the surface layers at night. Nocturnal depth distribution was closely associated with the lunar cycle, with deeper residency/diving occurring during periods of full moon. Porbeagles occupied and traversed both the open ocean and coastal areas of high fishing activity, highlighting the challenge of managing this stock because of large-scale migratory behaviour.

Topic: Marine and fisheries research
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Historical Note: Old Water-Works on the Eastern Part of Mysore Plateau

Until recently, before the highways were widened, cube-shaped water-reservoirs (resting) on pillars were found along the main roads of the eastern part of the Mysore Plateau, to the south-east of Karnataka and north-west of Tamilnadu.Called taīrtoi in Tamil, jalandhara in Kannada, they were made of granite slabs with joints solidly filled with mortar, put together as a carpentry work with mortice and tenon joints at the top.They were usually supported by four, or three and even two pillars or they rested on a brick or stone platform and they had a removable cover so that water could be poured inside.Considered as charity-water (dharma-udaka), they were meant for all road users, irrespective of caste, as could be seen recently in the taīrpandal of the Tamil country at the time of festivals.Evidently, these facilities could be attributed to philanthropists of the past, princes and wealthy merchants; may be also to more humble individuals.Most of these water-works have been abandoned.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Application of Spatial Auto-Regressive Model for Determining Urban Land Market

Rapid conversion of agricultural, flood flow and sub-flood flow lands into urban uses at the periphery of Dhaka city increases the demand for developing useful supply, demand, and pricing models. Nevertheless, pricing land offers a challenging task. During high economic growth time, the conventional belief was that land values should soar with increasing demand and decreasing vacancies. Conversely, accurate anticipation of these values is problematic since spatial factors are often influential ones along with other characteristics of land. Moreover, land represents not only a bundle of physical characteristics but also sets of location-specific, transport, urban amenity, socio-economic and environmental characteristics. The extent of such characteristics on land market can be estimated by applying Spatial Autoregression model. The objective of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis to examine the effects of different land characteristics on land prices in Savar municipality by using Spatial Auto-Regression (SAR) model. In particular, spatial econometric procedures (spatial autocorrelation) and spatial auto-regression analysis are applied to determine spatial dependence among the land value of plots and to evaluate the impact of land characteristics on land prices in the land market of Savar municipality respectively. The findings of this paper reveal that transport attributes have most significiant relationship with the land value and other explanatory variables like municipal amenities, physical characteristics of the plot, employment attraction, and commercial services are also influential factors of land price.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbip.v2i0.9571Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners Vol. 2, December 2009, pp. 107-115

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Intraventricular Cerebrovascular Pathologies of Hydrocephalus and Managements

IntroductionHydrocephalus, "water in the brain", had been amazed and challenged clinicians throughout the history of medicine till Galen.Vascular causes of hydrocephalus had been a mystery until the discovery of modern neuroradiological techniques such as digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging.Vascular lesions of the ventricular system are rare.Despite the rarity, they may cause symptomatic hydrocephalus.These kinds of lesions cause hydrocephalus in the CSF pathways by either obstruction or hemorrhage.Because of the rarity of this entity, there is no conciliation for the treatment.Four types of intraventricular vascular lesions causing hydrocephalus were categorized as follows:1. Cavernomas 2. Aneurysms 3. Arteriovenous malformations 4. Venous malformations Intraventricular Cavernomas (IVCs)Cavernous malformations (CM), also called cavernous angiomas and cavernomas, are lowflow vascular malformations that constitute 5-13% of all central nervous system vascular malformations (Moriarity et al., 1999;Raychaudhuri et al., 2005).On the other hand, IVC are rare pathological entities, constituting 2,5-10.8% of cerebral CM (Kivelev et al., 2010).The first report of an IVC was published in 1905 by Finkelnburg.As to our knowledge, so far 102 IVCs have been summarized published cases in the literature (Table-1). EmbryogenesisThe exact pathogenesis of the CM is still unknown; but they are thought to arise from early stages of embryogenesis and may be due to aberrant vasculogenesis (Sure et al., 2005).The CMs are known to exhibit an unpredictable dynamic behavior and may increase in size www.intechopen.com

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Elmslie–Trillat Procedure

Summary: The Elmslie–Trillat procedure is a proven and effective method for medialization of the patella. The procedure is indicated for the management of symptomatic lateral instability of the patella associated with an excessive Q angle or bony malalignment or both, resulting in an increase of the trochlea–tubercle distance. The procedure is combined with a lateral retinacular release and may be combined with a medial reconstruction as well. The Elmslie–Trillat procedure is not appropriate for use in the skeletally immature knee or a knee with preexisting medial patellar subluxation, medial compartment arthrosis, or varus deformity. The procedure has the advantage of simplicity, inherent stability, and reliable healing, while avoiding the pitfalls of excessive distal transfer and posterior recession.

Topic: Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Base‐Induced 1,3‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Mesitylphosphonium Salts

Abstract Attempted synthesis of the ylide dianion [2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 P(CHR) 3 ] 2– (2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 = mesityl, R = H or Me) by the reaction of mesitylphosphonium iodides [2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 PR 3 ] + I – (R = Me, 1 ; R = Et, 2 ) with t BuLi at reflux does not result in the anticipated deprotonation of the phosphorus‐bonded R groups. Instead, quantitative 1,3‐sigmatropic rearrangement occurs to give new benzylic phosphonium salts [(3,5‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 )CH 2 PR 3 ] + I – (R = Me, 6 ; R = Et, 7 ), in which the phosphonium centre, the R 3 P group, is transferred to an ortho ‐CH 3 group. In situ 31 P NMR spectroscopic studies show that the reaction is base‐activated and stoichiometric with respect to t BuLi. DFT calculations support the conclusion that the rearrangement is thermodynamically favourable in the gas phase and in THF and show that the rearrangement is enthalpically driven.

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Primary and secondary soft tissue injuries of the hand and therapeutic possibilities].

Primary treatment of soft tissue hand injuries is most important for further management and progress. It ensures best protection of lower structures. Soft tissue lesions that can not be closed without resulting tensions need instant plastic-surgical therapy. Various possibilities that range from split skin flaps to distant flaps with microvascular anastomosis can be chosen to cover primary as well as secondary soft tissue defects.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 925279: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Riding the Technological Rapids with the Millennials

The Millennial Generation is generally agreed to be those born between approximately 1982 and 2002. Neil Howe and Bill Strauss are credited with coining the term Millennials, as well as generally defining the birth years of this generation in their book Millennials rising: the next great generation. A few others disagree and define this generation as starting as early as 1979 or as late as 1984; additionally, there are even those who define the Millennial generation as ending as early as 1994.\nThere is no easy way to define a generation. In the past, many have used the change in birth statistics to define generations, but there are other ways to confirm the birth years of any particular generation that may make more sense (Howe and Strauss, 2000, p.40). One of the most interesting is to define generations based on what experiences they missed.

Topic: Education, Sociology, Communication Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Donor-derived spermatogenesis following stem cell transplantation in sterile <i>NANOS2</i> knockout males

Significance Transfer of sperm-producing stem cells isolated from a donor male into testes of a recipient male has important applications for preserving germplasm and as a conduit for widespread dissemination of desirable genetics in livestock production. A key aspect is surrogate males that lack endogenous germline but are otherwise physiologically normal. Here we demonstrate that male mice, pigs, and goats rendered genetically sterile by CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the NANOS2 gene support donor-derived spermatogenesis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In addition, we show that CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the NANOS2 gene in cattle leads to male germline ablation. These findings represent a major advance toward surrogate sires becoming a tool for disseminating and regenerating germplasm in all mammals.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Simple Precoding Algorithms for Multi-User Relay Communications and Optimized Power Allocation

In this paper we propose new simple precoding solutions to be used at the relay station in the context of a multi-relay wireless network where the different mobile stations belong to the same network, i.e. we don’t consider the case of competing users from different networks as in some recent works based on game theory. Our proposed algorithm is based on the Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization since our goal is to mitigate the multi-user interference at each mobile station. The strength of this method is that it only requires the knowledge of all channel impulse responses from a given relay to all the mobile stations. In other words, to compute its precoding vectors, each relay does not need to know the channel impulse responses of the other relays. Using our algorithm, we find that, when compared to the centralized reference method where each mobile station benefit from the same diversity gain, some mobile stations will improve their diversity gain whilst the other ones will suffer from a loss. This constitutes a simple solution to supply different quality of service (QoS) in the case of a multi-services network. We propose then an optimized power allocation strategy at each relay and we give complete accurate performance derivations for the different studied contexts.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences