jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of pitch on CT image quality based on SNR evaluation using in house phantom

The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the symmetrical effect of pitch factor to SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) in thorax phantom CT images. Thorax CT phantom was designed to contain cork and cylindrical objects with several sizes located symmetrically respect to Y-axis. Phantom size is 20 cm diameter, 22 cm length, and the objects simulated vessels filled with contrast medium (diameter A: 2mm, B: 1.7 mm, C: 1 mm, respectively). The distance between two objects: A: 6 cm, B: 8 cm, and C: 12 cm. Image acquisitions were performed:130 kVp, tube rotation 0.6s, 70 mAs, and pitch values were 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.0. CT images represented by 9 axial images with a slice thickness of 5 mm. The difference of SNRs (Δ): a value of ΔA, in general high at initial slice and fall significantly up to the third slice and then followed by a nearly constant value. ΔB at initial slice trend decreased with increasing slice images. ΔC at all pitch initially shown zero value and increase to maximum up to second slice (not more than 20 units) and tend to constant after at sixth slice. Effect of all pitch values on symmetrical object images was influenced by the distance between two corresponding objects and slice order. Generally at the initial slice, the SNR difference between two corresponding objects (Δ) relatively high compared with the following order slice. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is recommended to give additional FOV at least 1.5 cm at the initial slice interest.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Steady State Analysis Of The Power System Of A Building Incorporating A 6kw Photovoltaic System Interconnected To The Grid

This work describesasteady state analysis of a building with a 6 kW photovoltaic system interconnected to the grid. Thebuilding is“Centro de Investigacion de los Programas de Ingenieria – CIPI” at Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, in Bogota, Colombia. The photovoltaic system is installed on the building’s roof and it has been operating properly since the month of January 2015. Steady state analysis is performed using the ETAPTM software, with which the following types of analyzes were performed: power flow, short circuit study and harmonic analysis. The results indicate that the active power and reactive power of bus 1are within the permitted limits (48 kW, 30 kVAR); short circuit tests meet the standard ANSI C37/UL489 and the total harmonic distortion%THD does not exceed the limits permitted by the standard IEE 929-2000.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adolescent Pregnancy in Cameroon: A Five Year Retrospective Chart Review to Determine its Prevalence

Background and aim: Adolescent pregnancy remains a major determining factor of maternal and child mortality, and to vicious cycles of poverty and ill-health. It is in this light that, we sought to determine the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in the Kumbo West Health District of Cameroon.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
India Shining And Bharat Drowning: Comparing Two Indian States To The Worldwide Distribution In Mathematics Achievement

This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory to place secondary students from two Indian states -Orissa and Rajasthan -on a worldwide distribution of mathematics achievement. These two states fall below 43 of the 51 countries for which data exist. The bottom 5 percent of children rank higher than the bottom 5 percent in only three countries-South Africa, Ghana and Saudi Arabia. But not all students test poorly. Inequality in the test-score distribution for both states is next only to South Africa in the worldwide ranking exercise. Consequently, and to the extent that these two states can represent India, the two statements "for every ten top performers in the United States there are four in India" and "for every ten low performers in the United States there are two hundred in India" are both consistent with the data. The combination of India's size and large variance in achievement give both the perceptions that India is shining even as Bharat, the vernacular for India, is drowning. Comparable estimates of inequalities in learning are the building blocks for substantive research on the correlates of earnings inequality in India and other low-income countries; the methods proposed here allow for independent testing exercises to build up such data by linking scores to internationally comparable tests

Topic: Income, Poverty, and Inequality
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Formation and Mitigation of BaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Scale in Oil Fields

The deposition of BaSO 4 scale is always found in the oilfield. It is difficult to be removed. Therefore, it plays a negative role to the production. The effects of temperature and water chemistry on BaSO 4 scale have been investigated by using the conductivity method in this work. An environment-friendly copolymer was prepared to control the scaling of BaSO 4 . The copolymer was proved by static scale inhibition method, and weight-loss test that it has excellent scale inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, FTIR spectra was used to prove that the scale inhibitor was polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA).

Topic: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of a novel 45 kDa protein (JP-45) from rabbit sarcoplasmic-reticulum junctional-face membrane

Using a biochemical/immunological approach to analyse the protein constituents of skeletal-muscle junctional-face membrane (JFM), we identified a 45kDa protein. Its N-terminal amino acid was blocked, but the amino acid sequence obtained from several peptides after proteolytic treatment did not significantly match that of any protein present in the SwissProt and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) databases. We synthesized a peptide whose sequence matched that of one of the peptides obtained after CNBr cleavage of the 45kDa protein; the peptide was conjugated to a carrier and used to raise antibodies. The antiserum was used to study in more detail the biochemical characteristics of the novel 45kDa protein. Analysis of the proteins present in different subcellular membrane fractions show that the novel 45kDa polypeptide: (i) is an integral membrane constituent present both in neonatal and adult skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum; (ii) is selectively localized in the JFM; (iii) is not present in microsomes obtained from rabbit heart, liver or kidney. Immunoprecitation with anti-(45kDa protein) antibody indicates that the 45kDa protein is part of a complex which can be phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Qsi Dynamical Fetch Policy For Smt

A Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) Processor is capable of executing instructions from multiple threads in the same cycle. SMT in fact was introduced as a powerful architecture to superscalar to increase the throughput of the processor. Simultaneous Multithreading is a technique that permits multiple instructions from multiple independent applications or threads to compete limited resources each cycle. While the fetch unit has been identified as one of the major bottlenecks of SMT architecture, several fetch schemes were proposed by prior works to enhance the fetching efficiency and overall performance. In this paper, we propose a novel fetch policy called queue situation identifier (QSI) which counts some kind of long latency instructions of each thread each cycle then properly selects which threads to fetch next cycle. Simulation results show that in best case our fetch policy can achieve 30% on speedup and also can reduce the data cache level 1 miss rate.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Factors influencing performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by Foundation Year 1 hospital doctors.

CPR performance can be influenced by factors such as gender and BMI, as such the individual rescuer should take these into account when determining which compression to ventilation ration to perform in order to maximise patient outcome. This study showed that males and those females with a BMI of >24 performed satisfactory CPR when using the recommended Resuscitation Council guidelines. Females with a BMI <24 performed CPR more effectively when using the 15:2 ratio. FY1 doctors should be fully assessed prior to performing CPR at in-hospital cardiac arrests. Remedial teaching should be given to those less than satisfactory until they are shown to be competent.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC RATIO REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INITIATION OF DNA REPLICATION AND FISSION IN TETRAHYMENA

Abstract Hydroxyurea (10 mM) arrests the exponential growth of Tetrahymena by blocking DNA replication during S‐phase. After removal of the hydroxyurea (HU), they have a long recovery period during which they are active in DNA synthesis. 3 H‐TdR uptake showed that on completion of the recovery period, the cells divide (recovery division) and enter a cell cycle which lacks G 1 . The frequency, size and DNA content of the extranuclear chromatin bodies (ECB) formed at this division are all markedly increased (2–4) over the corresponding values obtained from exponential growth phase controls. Microspectrophotometric analysis of macronuclear DNA content (N) coupled with the cytoplasmic dry mass (C) values suggest that specific N to C ratios (N/C) are required for the initiation of DNA replication and fission: during a normal (exponential growth) cell cycle, both N and C double, but asynchronously, so that the N/C of both post‐fission‐daughter cells and pre‐fission cells is identical (standardized to N/C = 1) but late G 1 cells have a low N/C. During a 10 hr exposure to HU, the N remains essentially the same whereas the C increases. When the HU is removed, the N increases by 4× and the C continues to increase until just prior to recovery division when it also reaches a value 4× that of the original daughter cells. Thus, the N/C = 1 is re‐established. The enlarged ECB formed during recovery division may function to lower the N/C in the daughter cells, which in turn may in some way stimulate immediate DNA replication, thus eliminating G 1 . The elimination of G 1 (and shortening in a few subsequent cell cycles) allows less time for cytoplasmic growth and results in the return of the cells to the generation time and the N and C values observed prior to the HU treatment.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preexposure Prophylaxis with Albumin-Conjugated C34 Peptide HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice

ABSTRACT PC-1505 is a C34 peptide derived from the heptad repeat 2 region of HIV-1 gp41 conjugated to human serum albumin for sustained in vivo activity. One single preexposure dose of PC-1505 reduced viral RNA in HIV-1-infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice by 3.3 log 10 and protected T cells from virus-mediated depletion. In contrast, a single preexposure dose of Truvada reduced viral RNA by only 0.8 log 10 and was substantially less effective in preventing T cell depletion.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Robert Koch: From Obscurity to Glory to Fiasco

Robert Koch went from an obscure country physician to be the discoverer of the etiology of anthrax, the inventor of the technique of pure culture bacteriology and with that to the isolation of the tubercle bacillus and its identification as the etiological agent of tuberculosis. These successes propelled him to world-wide glory. In his search for a cure for tuberculosis, he proposed that tuberculin was such a cure. Unfortunately this turned out to be false, and his continued advocacy was a fiasco. Nevertheless his formulation of the germ theory of disease transformed medicine and led to a remarkable series of successes that clarified the etiology of a large number of infectious diseases.

Topic: Biographical and Historical Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Anatomic relationship of insertion of the common bile duct into primary duodenal diverticula.

Examination of 96 postmortem specimens disclosed six diverticula of the second portion of the duodenum. In every instance, the common bile duct either emptied into, or immediately adjacent to, the diverticulum. The pancreatic duct was opacified twice; it was also intimately associated with the diverticulum on both occasions. This relationship is almost constant and should be considered in the management of patients with biliary and pancreatic disease who have primary duodenal diverticula.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
VIII. The Idea of Jesus' Resurrection as the Beginning of the Eschatological Resurrection

The idea that Jesus' resurrection formed the beginning of the eschatological resurrection does not appear elsewhere in Paul's letters. Paul's view that Jesus is the first-born, in the sense that he occupies the leading position in the hierarchy of the new age, has been adopted and worked out in Col. 1: 15. The designation of Jesus as the first-born from the dead is just another way of stating that Jesus is Lord over all, dead and living. He is the one through whom God saves the earth. In brief, Matthew's claim that when Jesus died many bodies of saints were raised and appeared after Jesus' resurrection is unrelated to Paul's idea that Jesus' resurrection formed the beginning of the eschatological resurrection. It is most likely that the idea that Jesus' resurrection was the beginning of the eschatological resurrection, as it is conveyed in 1 Cor. 15:20, is Paul's own invention.Keywords: eschatological resurrection; Jesus' resurrection; Matthew; Paul

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Frequency Weighted Model Reduction Algorithm with Error Bound: Application to Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines for Power System

The state-space representations grant a convenient, compact, and elegant way to examine the induction and synchronous generator-based wind turbines, with facts readily available for stability, controllability, and observability analysis. The state-space models are used to look into the functionality of different wind turbine technologies to fulfill grid code requirements. This paper deals with the model order reduction of the Variable-Speed Wind Turbines model with the aid of improved stability preserving a balanced realization algorithm based on frequency weighting. The algorithm, which is in view of balanced realization based on frequency weighting, can be utilized for reducing the order of the system. Balanced realization based model design uses a full frequency spectrum to perform the model reduction. However, it is not possible practically to use the full frequency spectrum. The Variable-Speed Wind Turbines model utilized in this paper is stable and includes various input-output states. This brings a complicated state of affairs for analysis, control, and design of the full-scale system. The proposed work produces steady and precise outcomes such as in contrast to conventional reduction methods which shows the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Topic: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Is Rehabilitation Essential in the Probation Service in West Bengal?

All the Probation Service Agencies adopt a rehabilitation programme to help the probationers for their ultimate return to normal life. This author from his study of probationers regarding their socioeconomic conditions in West Bengal, India, asks: "Is rehabilitation essential in Probation Service?" The study is based on (1) official data, (2) house-to-house survey, and (3) field observations.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reflections on Bloom and His Critics.

Allan Bloom's wonderfully unlikely best-seller The Closing of the American Mind is far less an expression of America's or Socrates' or even Bloom's mind or soul than it seems.1 Every page, almost every paragraph, is informed by the thought and writing of Leo Strauss, whom Bloom regards as the greatest thinker of the century. For Bloom, the choice is between Strauss and Heidegger, the century's other great thinker. When Bloom attacks Heidegger as Socrates' great adversary and as the source of much of America's evil, he sides not so much with Socrates as with Strauss.

Topic: Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 2229518 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Guatemala", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 2229518 records from 509 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021765-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Earth’s Climate History from 4.5 Billion Years to One Minute

Earth's climate history is important for understanding the dynamics and feedbacks of the climate system. However, atmospheric sciences generally focus on shorter timescales, while geological sciences focus on longer timescales, but a unified picture is desired. This paper reviews the observations of Earth's climate history from 4.5 billion years to one minute with emphasis on temperature, sea level, and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Earth's climate history shows dominant climate modes such as the supercontinent cycles, interglacial cycles, millennial cycles, multi-decadal oscillation, interannual oscillation, seasonal cycle and diurnal cycle. The amplitudes of the dominant climate variability generally decrease from the billion-year timescales to interannual timescales, then significantly increase at subannual to diurnal timescales.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Galangin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion-Induced Ferroptosis by Targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 Signaling Pathway

Tao Yang,1– 4 Haiqiong Liu,1,3,4 Chaobo Yang,1,3,4 Huaqiang Mo,1,3,4 Xianbao Wang,1,3,4 Xudong Song,1,3,4 Luping Jiang,2 Ping Deng,2 Ran Chen,2 Pengcui Wu,2 Aihua Chen,1,3,4 Jing Yan1,3,4 1Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Yan; Aihua Chen, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2061643686, Email yanve1008@126.com; chenaha@126.comPurpose: Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a crucial clinical problem globally. The molecular mechanisms of MIRI need to be fully explored to develop new therapeutic methods. Galangin (Gal), which is a natural flavonoid extracted from Alpinia Officinarum Hance and Propolis, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its effects on MIRI remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the pharmacological effects of Gal on MIRI.Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent reperfusion for 3 h after 45 min of ischemia, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR) were cultured as in vivo and in vitro models. Echocardiography and TTC-Evans Blue staining were performed to evaluate the myocardial injury. Transmission electron microscope and JC-1 staining were used to validate the mitochondrial function. Additionally, Western blot detected ferroptosis markers, including Gpx4, FTH, and xCT.Results: Gal treatment alleviated cardiac myofibril damage, reduced infarction size, improved cardiac function, and prevented mitochondrial injury in mice with MIRI. Gal significantly alleviated HR-induced cell death and mitigated mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in NRCs. Furthermore, Gal significantly inhibited ferroptosis by preventing iron overload and lipid peroxidation, as well as regulating Gpx4, FTH, and xCT expression levels. Moreover, Gal up-regulated nuclear transcriptive factor Nrf2 in HR-treated NRCs. Nrf2 inhibition by Brusatol abolished the protective effect of Gal against ferroptosis.Conclusion: This study revealed that Gal alleviates myocardial ischemic reperfusion-induced ferroptosis by targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway.Keywords: galangin, ferroptosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Nrf2, Gpx4

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Robotic Assistance in Coordination of Patient Care

We conducted a study to investigate trust in and dependence upon robotic decision support among nurses and doctors on a labor and delivery floor.There is evidence that suggestions provided by embodied agents engender inappropriate degrees of trust and reliance among humans.This concern is a critical barrier that must be addressed before fielding intelligent hospital service robots that take initiative to coordinate patient care.Our experiment was conducted with nurses and physicians, and evaluated the subjects' levels of trust in and dependence on high-and low-quality recommendations issued by robotic versus computer-based decision support.The support, generated through action-driven learning from expert demonstration, was shown to produce high-quality recommendations that were accepted by nurses and physicians at a compliance rate of 90%.Rates of Type I and Type II errors were comparable between robotic and computer-based decision support.Furthermore, embodiment appeared to benefit performance, as indicated by a higher degree of appropriate dependence after the quality of recommendations changed over the course of the experiment.These results support the notion that a robotic assistant may be able to safely and effectively assist in patient care.Finally, we conducted a pilot demonstration in which a robot assisted resource nurses on a labor and delivery floor at a tertiary care center.

Topic: Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences