jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Jaina Perspective on the Philosophy of Religion. By Arvind Sharma (Lal Sundarlal Jain Research Series XVI). pp. xix, 153. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 2001.

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Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pass the Crayons: Leadership, Art Production, and Communities of Practice

The results of an arts-based leadership (Kelehear, 2006, 2008) practice at a rural middle school in South Carolina are examined. The school principal and art teacher led a day-long staff development and followed up individually to assist teachers to create art as metaphor for individual growth plans as well as school improvement plans. Specifically, the arts-based initiative sought to invite professional conversations that focused on: 1) personal reflections, 2) multiple perspectives, and 3) art making. Findings suggest that when the art teacher and principal work in collaboration, there is real value in an arts-based leadership practice. Also, when led by the art teacher, teacher reflections suggested that as the principal worked alongside the teachers, they felt valued and supported and viewed the principal as authentic and trusting. Additionally, out of the engendered trust, the teachers were emboldened to consider innovative, arts-based approaches to their teaching. Finally, there was evidence that the art teacher was highly effective in introducing innovative leadership practices as teachers. This study is one of several implementation studies emerging from earlier research on arts-based leadership.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Improving the performance properties of gears for mining equipment

Deformation hardening ‐ important technological factor of management of carburized layer substructure. The formation of a favorable substructure ‐ substructure with high resistance to local microplastic deformation ‐ occurs in conditions of development of competitive processes. On a degree of their development is renders the influence of initial structural condition of a carburized layer, which, except chemical composition, is defined by technology of thermochemical treatment. To number of the factors, dependent from technology of thermochemical treatment, concern: carbon saturation in the carburized layer, the martensite morphology and carbon concentration in it, volumetric share of a redundant carbide phase and its distribution in a carburized layer.

Topic: Engineering and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding the (Im)mobilities of Engaging At-Risk Youth Through Art and Mobile Media

Teens in high school who have or are at-risk of dropping out of school confront a number of educational challenges. One of these challenges is the restricted mobility students face in school. Mobile media offers the potential to engage with art curricula inside or outside of the classroom. It also offers new ways of thinking about the role of mobility in learning and improving students' sense of agency. In this study, we present our research with at-risk youth, who typically associated traditional schooling with a low sense of personal agency and spatial constraints. To judge by their responses (visual and verbal) to our mobile media visual art curriculum, the physical mobility afforded by mobile technology heightened their sense of agency and opened them to the possibility that learning might be a positive experience, and that they might want to be at school.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Customizing Academic Knowledge Management System Architecture Framework based on Enterprise Architecture

Abstract This work is centered on making sure that it fosters out the purpose of knowledge management systems framework for the sake of making use understand how best it is used in terms of capturing, utilizing and transferring knowledge from one entity to another. The literature review as well as the document analysis were both used in combination for the purpose of making sure that all the interviews that were used were better expounded in different platforms such as stakeholder, faculty and administrator. Further, the academic knowledge management system Architectural framework had to be utterly customized on matters to do with the intelligence concept, Debrose and the Enterprise Architecture. It is through the use of this framework that then functionality of the organization is categorized in to three namely; the people, technology as well as the application that is required for use. Further, it is true that there are some benefits that are linked with the use of this kind of framework that are easily accessed on the available knowledge and helps in decision making process for the entire administration and the knowledge repository creational matters.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Implications Related to Eastward Enlargement.

Abstract : NATO enlargement is a key issue both within NATO and in the context of alternative future security alignments in Europe involving NATO, the European Union (EU), and the Western European Union (WEU). This paper examines the most crucial implications of the ongoing enlargement process and what has to be done prior to the very important summer summit in Madrid this year, 50 years after President Truman's Marshall Plan. The study concludes that the main issue as far as Western security is concerned is not a hasty enlargement of NATO but rather how to guarantee peaceful relations between Russia and NATO. The West must understand that the costs of Russia's being forced to move away from the West could far exceed any advantages gained through NATO enlargement. And finally, US leadership as a super-power within NATO, has never been more important than it is today to avoid polarization of European Security policy. Without broad-based, active US involvement the European security architecture will be less effective and will lose credibility. The US has the unique role as the leading security partner of the world's principal democracies and with unparalleled military assets to display influence as an international leader.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Species and functional differences between subalpine grasslands with and without dwarf shrub encroachment

Diversity of subalpine semi-natural grasslands is threatened by both overgrazing and abandonment, resulting in degradation and woody plants encroachment, respectively. The effects of overgrazing, followed by a sharp decline of grazing are rarely assessed in uncontrolled conditions. We aimed at assessing plant species and functional diversity within the grass-dwarf shrub mosaic. Species abundance and selected plant functional traits (leaf, height, seed) were assessed within 16 m<sup>2</sup> plots in adjacent grass-dominated and low-cover dwarf shrub vegetation patches. Species-based and functional patterns were quantified by Simpson’s diversity, Rao’s quadratic entropy, the plot weighted mean of plant traits and analysed with NMDS ordination and linear mixed-effect models. Despite the appearance of dwarf shrub canopy effect and light competition, higher species-based and functional diversity were found in the dwarf shrub patch. Our results point to the strong legacy of past overgrazing and the related filtering effects on the trait complex of assembling species, especially in the grass-dominated patches. We conclude that pastures incorporating dwarf shrubs at low cover are favourable in terms of species and functional diversity and recommend the maintaining of intermediate grazing intensity to support mosaic vegetation structures that are beneficial for biodiversity conservation in the study area.

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EXPANDING MULTINATIONALS - CONGLOMERATE M&amp;A AND ACTIVITY-BASKET PROXIMITY

This paper analyzes how multinational firms (MNEs) expand the spectrum of their activities via Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A).While international trade studies systematically focus on horizontal versus vertical motives for foreign direct investment (FDI), I document that over 46% of both domestic and cross-border M&A deals done worldwide by MNEs are conglomerate, i.e., neither horizontal nor vertical.Literature to date fails to explain this puzzling stylized fact.What are conglomerate M&A and what are their drivers?Why do MNEs acquire firms in industries distinct from their own?The present study argues that conglomerate M&A represent a tool for multinationals to expand the spectrum of their activities towards industries that are closely related to their own range of occupations.The approach looks at MNEs from a multi-product perspective.It introduces a series of measures of "distance" between firms based on their respective activity-baskets.These are built relying on industry task intensities and the product space tools.The results show that despite the absence of direct horizontal or vertical linkages, conglomerate M&A appear to occur between firms relatively closely related in terms of their activity-mix.Further, the study investigates how the shape of activity basket of corporate group evolves with the acquiror's subsequent transactions.The degree of compactness of corporate activity decreases over time.MNEs also seem to expand their activity mostly radially, towards multiple direction, rather than linearly.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Disqualification from driving: An effective penalty?

It has been suggested that due to the number of offenders convicted of driving while disqualified each year, disqualification has lost its credibility as a penalty. This paper examines the effectiveness of disqualification as a method of 'retribution, deterrence and restrain'. In-depth and semi- structured interviews were conducted with 70 offenders disqualified from driving for a range of offences. Interviewees were from different areas - Greenwich and Woolwich (south-east London), Sheffield (northern city) and Norwich (rural). The responses of offenders are analysed to determine the extent to which retribution, deterrence and restraint have been achieved. Factors which influence the enforcement of disqualification are considered. It is concluded that disqualification was particularly effective as retribution although this also had a considerable effect on dependents. Disqualification was less effective as a restraint and as a deterrent varied according to offence.

Topic: Elder Abuse and Neglect
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1833895: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Internal eye wall resection for posterior uveal melanoma.

The long-term follow-up results were reported on 23 patients who underwent internal surgical resection between 1984 and 1991 for presumed posterior choroidal melanoma. The melanomas were located within 1- to 2-disc diameters of the disc or the fovea. Follow-up ranged from 7 to 84 months with 57% of the patients followed for more than 4 years. Final Snellen visual acuities varied from 20/40 to no light perception; 43% of the patients attained 20/400 or better. Two patients required enucleation; one had intraocular tumor recurrence and subsequently died of liver metastasis, and the other patient developed a blind, painful eye secondary to retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Three of the 23 patients have died of choroidal melanoma metastatic to the liver at 15 months, 57 months, and 84 months following internal resection, respectively. Two of the 3 patients had spindle B-cell tumors and one had a mixed cell tumor.

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Association of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Urban Workers and their Families

Purpose: Recently the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has been developed to represent the extent of arteriosclerosis in the artery from the aortic valve to the ankle. The aim of the study is to examine the association of CAVI scores with the established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods: Subjects were 9,881 men and 12,033 women of company employees and their families between 20 and 70 years of age and over who participated in CVD screening in Japan. The screening included measurements of CAVI, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, lipids, serum glucose, hemoglobin A1c, height, weight, and questions on smoking and drinking status. Persons having CHD were defined as those having history of CHD and/or having abnormal Q wave and/or ischemic change in ECG. After converting CAVI scores to binary variables (normal or abnormally high CAVI scores), logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results: After adjusting for age, significant odds ratios (ORs) of abnormally high CAVI scores among men were found with diabetes mellitus (10.02, p<0.001), hypertension (8.37, p<0.001), triglycerides (2.76, p<0.001, for 150-199mg/dL and 2.85, p<0.001, for ≥200mg/dL, as reference:<150mg/dL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.19, p<0.001, for 40-59mg/dL and 0.20, p<0.001 for ≥60mg/dL, as reference: <40mg/dL), body mass index (2.04, p<0.001, for <20, 2.31, p<0.001, for 28-29.9 and 3.37, p<0.001, for ≥30 as reference:20-22.9), and ex-smokers (1.20, p<0.01, as reference: non-smokers). Almost identical results were found among women, except a significant OR with current smokers (2.25, p<0.001). The significant association between CHD and abnormally high CAVI scores was found: OR=3.87, p<0.001 for men and 1.45, p<0.01 for women after adjusting for CVD risk factors.
Conclusions: Our results confirmed that CAVI scores are a reliable indicator of arteriosclerosis reflecting the extent of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in the major artery between the aortic valve and the ankle.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Panthenol as neuroprotectant: Study in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion

In vivo study of neuroprotective effects of D-panthenol has been performed on a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Administration of panthenol (i.p., 200 mg/kg 24 h, 0.5 h before and 0.5 h, 24 h, 48 h after MCAO) significantly ameliorated neurological deficit 1–5 days after MCAO, reduced body weight loss and cortical damage induced by 30 min MCAO. The results are the first in vivo evidence for neuroprotective properties of D-panthenol and suggest that it has a good potential for treatment of neurological diseases.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Modulatory effect of sildenafil in diabetes and electroconvulsive shock-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.

The nitric oxide/guanylyl cyclase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate/phosphodiesterase 5 (NO/cGMP/PDE5) pathways play a key role in physiological and pathological situations, such as synaptic plasticity, learning and memory formation, diabetic gastropathy and neuropathy, long-term potentiation (LTP), epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have demonstrated the alteration of NO-cGMP pathway in cognitive impairment. The present study was aimed to study the effect of sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor on diabetes and electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rat using one-trial step-through type of passive avoidance and elevated plus-maze task. Diabetic and ECS-treated rats showed poor learning performance in step-through passive avoidance and plus-maze task. Acute administration of sildenafil significantly reversed the diabetes and ECS-induced retention deficits in both the test paradigms. Sildenafil also significantly improved the cognitive performance in young rats in both the paradigms. Furthermore, L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor and methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor blocked the effect of sildenafil. The results thus suggest that cognitive impairment might be due to the modulatory effect of nNOS or PDE5 enzyme on cGMP levels. Moreover, sildenafil-induced reversal of cognitive impairment suggests the protective role of PDE5 inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders.

Topic: Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
POWTOON AS DIGITAL MEDIA ALTERNATIVE FOR TEACHER: STAGES AND RESPONSES

Bringing technology into classroom is aimed to create an interactive learning process and to grow student’s enthusiasm as technology offers updated features comparing to traditional method. This study focuses on the process to prepare teacher’s readiness on providing guidance and supervision in using Powtoon. It investigates the stages in integrating the media into classroom for teacher and teacher’s responses towards its integration in teaching and learning process. This study employs qualitative method and involves 10 teachers from non-English department. The findings reveal that the process consist of three stages: brief explanation of Powtoon’s application, comprehensive introduction to Powtoon’s basic features, and self-intensive practices of creating Powtoon’s output. Also, this study rises the fact that as digital immigrants, teachers find it challenging to equip themselves with technology and leave the traditional way of teaching as personal capabilities, limited time, and tight teaching schedule become their limitations. Furthermore, this study suggests that teachers’ comprehensions towards the media should be optimized to ensure that the learning objectives are achieved. Keywords: Powtoon; Teacher; Digital Media; Stages; Responses

Topic: English Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correlation of Gaussian Mixture Tracks

In this paper, methods are developed and evaluated for the correlation of Gaussian mixture tracks from two sensors. The hypothesis likelihoods for the case of a single target are given using the minimum mean square error and the maximum likelihood estimates of common origin between two Gaussian mixtures. A correlation test is developed as a likelihood ratio of the single target hypothesis to the hypothesis of two separate targets. The negative log likelihood cost is formulated and used in an optimal assignment method to perform track-to-track correlation for multiple targets between two sensors. Simulations were performed to compare the minimum mean square error and maximum likelihood approaches with Gaussian mixture tracks to a baseline method using unbiased converted measurements for sensors with a given probability of detection and bias significance. Results are shown to compare the performance of the correlation methods with respect to probability of correct correlation and root mean squared error versus track density for several different aspect angles between two sensors.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
FROM THE RUSSIAN SURGICAL CLINICS

IN THIS issue of the A. M. A.Archives of Surgerywill be found three papers written by Prof. P. I. Androsov, M.D., of the Sklifosovsky Institute, of Moscow, and Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Surgical Apparatus and Tools, U. S. S. R. Ministry of Public Health. They were sent to Major Paul Schafer (MC), U. S. Army, with the request that they be reviewed by the editorial board of one of the American surgical journals for publication, and Major Schafer, knowing of our desire to publish his and Dr. F. H. Ellis' observations made on recent trips to the Russian surgical clinics and hospitals, sent the papers to the editors of the A. M. A.Archives of Surgery. They have been reviewed and accepted for publication. The readers, we are sure, will find much of interest in the methods of anastomosing blood vessels by a mechanical apparatus, about which

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Precise dispersion equations of absorbing filter glasses

The refractive indices versus wavelength of optical transparent glasses are measured at a few wavelengths only. In order to calculate the refractive index at any wavelength, a so-called Sellmeier series is used as an approximation of the wavelength dependent refractive index. Such a Sellmeier representation assumes an absorbing free (= loss less) material. In optical transparent glasses this assumption is valid since the absorption of such transparent glasses is very low. However, optical filter glasses have often a rather high absorbance in certain regions of the spectrum. The exact description of the wavelength dependent function of the refractive index is essential for an optimized design for sophisticated optical applications. Digital cameras use an IR cut filter to ensure good color rendition and image quality. In order to reduce ghost images by reflections and to be nearly angle independent absorbing filter glass is used, e.g. blue glass BG60 from SCHOTT. Nowadays digital cameras improve their performance and so the IR cut filter needs to be improved and thus the accurate knowledge of the refractive index (dispersion) of the used glasses must be known. But absorbing filter glass is not loss less as needed for a Sellmeier representation. In addition it is very difficult to measure it in the absorption region of the filter glass. We have focused a lot of effort on measuring the refractive index at specific wavelength for absorbing filter glass – even in the absorption region. It will be described how to do such a measurement. In addition we estimate the use of a Sellmeier representation for filter glasses. It turns out that in most cases a Sellmeier representation can be used even for absorbing filter glasses. Finally Sellmeier coefficients for the approximation of the refractive index will be given for different filter glasses.

Topic: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences