jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Regulation of the MicroRNA Processor DGCR8 by the Tumor Suppressor ING1

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The ING family of tumor suppressor proteins controls several cellular functions relevant to antitumor protection, such as cell cycle control, apoptosis, senescence, or migration. ING proteins are functionally linked to the p53 pathway, and they participate in transcriptional control via the recognition of histone marks and recruitment of protein complexes with chromatin-modifying activity to specific promoters. Here, we have investigated the global effect of ING1 in gene regulation through genome-wide analysis of expression profiles in primary embryonic fibroblasts deficient for the &lt;i&gt;Ing1&lt;/i&gt; locus. We find that Ing1 has a predominant role as transcriptional repressor in this setting, affecting the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular functions. Within the subset of genes showing differential expression, we have identified DGCR8, a protein involved in the early steps of microRNA biogenesis. We show that ING1 binds to the DGCR8 promoter and controls its transcription through chromatin regulation. We also find that ING1 and DGCR8 can cooperate in restraining proliferation. In summary, this study reveals a novel connection between ING1 and a regulator of microRNA biogenesis and identifies new links between tumor suppressor proteins and the microRNA machinery. Cancer Res; 70(5); 1866–74&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Serum vitamin D levels in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and its relationship with disease severity

Purpose To evaluate the serum vitamin D levels of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) Method A total of 39 VKC patients (21 males and 18 females) and 32 healthy individuals (19 males and 13 females) were enrolled in this study with the mean age of 18.38 ± 8.83 and 21.6 ± 9.43, respectively. The type and the grade of VKC were identified for each patient and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of all subjects were evaluated. Results The patients affected by VKC had statistically significant lower 25(OH)D levels (27.64 ± 8.50 ng/mL) than healthy subjects group (35.96 ± 11.34 ng/mL) ( p = 0.001). A reverse correlation was found between the serum vitamin D levels and the severity of the VKC but it was not statistically significant ( r = −0.159, p = 0.33). Besides, there were a few cases with severe and very severe VKC (2 in grade 3 and 4 in grade 4). Patients with the mixed type of the disease had lower serum vitamin D levels in comparison to tarsal and limbal forms but the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.38). Conclusion This study shows that the patients affected by VKC have lower vitamin D levels in comparison to healthy subjects and the screening of all patients with VKC for vitamin D levels seems rational.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Perceptions of University Student Mentors and Institutional Personnel Participating in Multicultural Mentoring Support Projects - The Case of Daegu Catholic University

This study explores how to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of multicultural mentoring by comparing the perceptions of college student mentors and institutional staff. Based on surveys and interviews at Daegu Catholic University, student mentors viewed multicultural children as equals and focused on academic support and building relationships. In contrast, institutional staff emphasized holistic care, including emotional, cultural, and career-related support, viewing the children as needing comprehensive assistance. Qualitative analysis showed student mentors favored relational approaches, while staff called for stronger programs and expanded mentor training. Despite these differences, both groups agreed on the need to improve matching systems, enhance pre-training and discussions, and strengthen the university’s central role in the system. These findings underline the importance of a university-led collaboration model to align stakeholder perspectives and support more effective and lasting mentoring practices.

Topic: Education and Learning Interventions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synaptic organization in the adult honey bee brain is influenced by brood-temperature control during pupal development

Recent studies have shown that the behavioral performance of adult honey bees is influenced by the temperature experienced during pupal development. Here we explore whether there are temperature-mediated effects on the brain. We raised pupae at different constant temperatures between 29 and 37°C and performed neuroanatomical analyses of the adult brains. Analyses focused on sensory-input regions in the mushroom bodies, brain areas associated with higher-order processing such as learning and memory. Distinct synaptic complexes [microglomeruli (MG)] within the mushroom body calyces were visualized by using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin and an antibody to synapsin. The numbers of MG were different in bees that had been raised at different temperatures, and these differences persisted after the first week of adult life. In the olfactory-input region (lip), MG numbers were highest in bees raised at the temperature normally maintained in brood cells (34.5°C) and significantly decreased in bees raised at 1°C below and above this norm. Interestingly, in the neighboring visual-input region (collar), MG numbers were less affected by temperature. We conclude that thermoregulatory control of brood rearing can generate area- and modality-specific effects on synaptic neuropils in the adult brain. We propose that resulting differences in the synaptic circuitry may affect neuronal plasticity and may underlie temperature-mediated effects on multimodal communication and learning.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Caudoventral coxofemoral luxation in a mature Holstein dairy cow

"Logic", a 3-1/2 year old lactating Holstein dairy cow, presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals in January 2008 with a history of being knocked down by another cow. Upon her arrival, she had already been recumbent for 4 days. There was marked swelling of the gluteal and caudal thigh muscles, crepitus on flexion and extension, and an abnormally abducted left hind limb. With this history and presentation, coxofemoral luxation should be high on a list of differential diagnoses. Caudoventral coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed based on a palpable head of the femur within the obturator foramen and confirmed by radiographs. Closed reduction was attempted and determined successful but reluxation was diagnosed several hours later. Due to the value of the animal, the owners elected to attempt open reduction, but pre-operative radiographs revealed a femoral neck fracture. She was euthanized due to the grave prognosis associated with femoral neck fractures in adult cattle. This case report was used as an example to review the diagnosis, incidence, treatments, prognosis and complications associated with coxofemoral luxations in cattle.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF CYAZOFAMID IN SOIL AND WATER BY HPLC

A rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for analysis of cyazofamid has been developed using SPE in texturally different soils and water. The method involved using different solvents or their combinations for the extraction of fungicide from soil and water. The cleanup was done with C-18/florisil/alumina SPE cartridges and finally analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using different columns, namely, C-18/diol/cyano and mobile phase using methanol/acetonitrile:water in different ratios with UV detection at 279 nm. The best results in terms of recovery, cleanup efficiency, and independence of soil characteristics were obtained with combination of acetone:methanol followed by cleanup with florisil for soil and chloroform for water. Most suited column was C-18 with mobile phase acetonitrile:water for HPLC. Calibration curve for quantification were linear (R2 = 0.999) over the dynamic range of 0.1–10.0 µg mL−1 and percent relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.72%. The limit of detection for instrument and limit of quantification for method were 0.01 and 0.05 µg g−1.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

&lt;p class="s16"&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;This research is motivated by the results of observations in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;field,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt; most teachers are still less effective in the learning process. Teachers are still lacking in assessing and evaluating learning. So in this study the researchers focused on pedagogic competence, because basically pedagogic competence is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by a teacher in teaching and learning activities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="s16"&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;This study aims to determine the pedagogic competence of teachers at SMA N2 SEI KANAN. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects who were used as research informants were English teachers. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses three instruments, namely observation sheets, interview sheets and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses the theory of Milles and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;Huberman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt; which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. This study uses &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;a credibility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt; test to test the validity of the data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="s16"&gt;&lt;span class="s12"&gt;The researcher's findings show that pedagogic competence is in the "pretty good" category, including the ability to master student characteristics, curriculum development competence, and communication competence. Competence in comprehending learning theory and teaching principles of learning, competency in educating learning activities, competence in developing student potential, and competence in assessment and evaluation are among the pedagogic competencies in the bad group. As a result, it can be inferred that instructors' pedagogic competency at SMA N2 SEI KANAN is still lacking.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Education and Communication Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Possible role of macrophage-derived soluble mediators in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice

Pancreatic islets from DBA/2 mice infected with the D variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC-D) virus revealed lymphocytic infiltration with moderate to severe destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Our previous studies showed that the major population of infiltrating cells at the early stages of infection is macrophages. The inactivation of macrophages prior to viral infection resulted in the prevention of diabetes, whereas activation of macrophages prior to viral infection resulted in the enhancement of beta-cell destruction. This investigation was initiated to determine whether macrophage-produced soluble mediators play a role in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in mice infected with a low dose of EMC-D virus. When we examined the expression of the soluble mediators interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pancreatic islets, we found that these mediators were clearly expressed at an early stage of insulitis and that this expression was evident until the development of diabetes. We confirmed the expression of these mediators by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes or immunohistochemistry in the pancreatic islets. Mice treated with antibody against IL-1beta or TNF-alpha or with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine exhibited a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes. Mice treated with a combination of anti-IL-1beta antibody, anti-TNF-alpha antibody, and aminoguanidine exhibited a greater decrease in the incidence of disease than did mice treated with one of the antibodies or aminoguanidine. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that macrophage-produced soluble mediators play an important role in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in the development of diabetes in mice infected with a low dose of EMC-D virus.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
“Vivir de un modo más agradable en un mundo cada vez más lleno de sorpresas desagradables”: la relectura de &lt;i&gt;How to Cook a Wolf&lt;/i&gt; de M. F. K. Fisher durante el confinamiento de 2020

M. F. K. Fisher’s food memoirs have been interpreted as works that possess literary status. Fisher’s 1942 book How to Cook a Wolf, a collection of essays about food rationing during World War II, became popular again during the 2020 lockdown because it provided a timely reflection on the domestic kitchen as a shelter in uncertain times. Thisarticle includes an overview of food writing as a genre and considers the relevance of Fisher’s book through the concepts of healthism and hypervigilant subject, which areinvolved in contemporary discourses on eating and the human body. My analysis aims to demonstrate that How to Cook a Wolf invites its readers to reconcile with their appetite and their corporeality and to chase the new perils away with the delight and soothing ability to eat amid periods of crisis.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Media and freedom: Basic issues

The text problematizes, from the perspective of media philosophy, the relationship between the philosophical concept of freedom and the possibility of practicing freedom today in the media. The concept of freedom is one of the central themes of all philosophy, while the media is a newer field of research in philosophical-critical thought. Freedom in the media, which we propose in our article, is understood as a self-evident phenomenon. It is mostly spoken of on the basis of segmented, bureaucratically articulated "standards" that are often reduced to numbers, that is, quantitative criteria. Modern media, which are primarily an industry (mainstream media, Internet, and social networks), and thus quantification, can also hardly contribute to any kind of human emancipation, since they unquestionably serve profit, i.e., large corporate systems. Moreover, they have recently been significantly infused with artificial intelligence, and social networks are the main training ground for its use. Therefore, it is absurd to expect emancipation through algorithms, which are increasingly used in modern media. It should also be emphasized that free journalism has been banished from the media scene, so to speak, if we exclude the few alternative media that are being systematically pushed out of the public sphere. After all, how can modern media be said to be working in the public interest (even for freedom), and Julian Assange, a symbol of the presentation of relevant facts in the global media space, has beenbimprisoned for a decade as a political prisoner or criminal, similar to many others, less known, like him?

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pathophysiological analysis of primary biliary cirrhosis focusing on choline/phospholipid metabolism

Abstract Background &amp; Aims Injury to biliary epithelial cells caused by disorders in bile composition may be the initial step in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ). We therefore examined choline/phospholipid metabolism in livers of patients with PBC . Methods Hepatic levels of m RNA encoded by choline metabolism‐related genes in early stage PBC patients were quantified by real‐time RT ‐ PCR . Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in each lipoprotein compartment and serum/tissue choline levels were also measured. OCT 1 expression was quantified by genotype (rs683369 and rs622342). Results Serum choline concentrations were significantly higher in PBC patients than in normal individuals, with the concentrations in the former lowered by treatment with fibrates. Hepatic choline levels were markedly lower in PBC patients than in controls. The levels of expression of genes associated with choline uptake ( OCT 1 and CTL 1), phosphatidylcholine synthesis ( PEMT and BHMT ), and phosphatidylcholine transport ( MDR 3) were significantly upregulated in PBC compared with control livers. Serum cholesterol concentrations and the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in serum very low density lipoprotein were markedly higher in PBC patients than in controls. In PBC liver, OCT 1 protein levels were lower in patients with minor ( CG / GG at rs683369 and/or CC at rs622342) than major ( CC at rs683369 and AA at rs622342) genotypes of the OCT 1 gene. Conclusion During early stage PBC , hepatocellular choline uptake and PC synthesis become dysregulated. OCT 1 genotypes may influence the pathogenesis of PBC .

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Brief History of Economic Thought

In economics, we appear to assume that it is entirely possible to study our subject to a high standard with scant appreciation of its intellectual heritage. Most economics courses give little or no role to the history of economic thought. Standard textbooks do not give chapters to the topic. The message appears to be that it is unimportant. This is intriguing if not indeed disconcerting. It is hard to see how having an appreciation of the historical development of economic ideas could not be of benefit to a contemporary study of economics. The purpose of this chapter is to give a brief overview of the history of economic thought. The belief is that through this, all the other topics considered later on will be better understood and appreciated.

Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Growth and Environmental Tolerances (Water Temperature and Low Salinity) of Hybrid Female Red Sea Bream Pagrus major × Male Black Sea Bream Acanthopagrus schregeli

The growth and tolerance for water temperature and salinity were compared among red sea bream Pagrus major (RSB) black sea bream Acanthopagrus schregeli (BSB) and their hybrid (<TEX>$F_1$</TEX>), female RSB <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> male BSB. The growth of the <TEX>$F_1$</TEX> fish did not differ until 27 days after hatching (dAH), after which the most rapid growth was observed until approximately 300 dAH, followed by RSB and BSB. However, the RSB had out grown the <TEX>$F_1$</TEX> fish by approximately 303 dAH. By 480 dAH, the RSB were largest, followed by the <TEX>$F_1$</TEX> and BSB groups. The tolerances for high and low water temperature were significantly different for each species and growth stage. The largest tolerance spectrum was observed in the BSB group, and the tolerance spectrums gradually decreased with increasing final body weight. During the salinity tolerance trials, all of the species started to die following transfer into freshwater (0 psu). BSB showed the highest survival rate when kept in fresh water for an average of 29.9 hours, while the <TEX>$F_1$</TEX> fish were more tolerant than the RSB fish. The fish were increasingly tolerant to fresh water and changes in water temperature as they grew, while the size of the temperature spectrum remained unchanged but shifted to a lower temperature range with growth. Our results demonstrate that <TEX>$F_1$</TEX> performed well in terms of growth compared to parental fish, with higher temperature and salinity tolerances than RSB, and is thus suggested to be a suitable aquaculture species for Korea and northeast China.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Doing care, doing gender’: towards a rethinking of gender and elderly care in the Arab Muslim families in Denmark

This article draws on two in-depth stories of an Arab-Danish Muslim woman and an Arab-Danish Muslim man to explore how they ‘do gender’ when ‘doing care’ for their elderly parents in their everyday lives. Analysis of ethnographic material reveals that for the Arab-Danish Muslim woman, ‘doing care’ is regarded as a right which provides her with the opportunity to become irreplaceable and enables her to realize herself. In her self-realization, it is argued, lies a reproduction of gendered understanding of caregiving that seems to prevent the Muslim man from performing the desired role as caregiver, leaving him to struggle with the entrenched gender norms and structured ideals of masculinity.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Proceedings of the workshop on photocathodes for polarized electron sources for accelerators. Revision

Application of the GaAs polarized electron source to studies of surface magnetism; thermal stability of Cs on NES III-V-Photocathodes and its effect on quantum efficiency; AFEL accelerator; production and detection of SPIN polarized electrons; emittance measurements on a 100-keV beam from a GaAs photocathode electron gun; modern theory of photoemission and its applications to practical photocathodes; experimental studies of the charge limit phenomenon in GaAs photocathodes; new material for photoemission electron source; semiconductor alloy InGaAsP grown on GaAs substrate; NEA photocathode surface preparation; technology and physics; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs-GaAsP spin-polarized photocathodes; development of photocathodes injectors for JLC-ATF; effect of radiation trapping on polarization of photoelectrons from semiconductors; and energy analysis of electrons emitted by a semiconductor photocathode.

Topic: Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pseudo-Walking Sensation by Anteroposterior or Lateral Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation and Synchronous Foot-Sole Vibrations

The walking sensation is a result of the synthesis of multisensory inputs from various systems. The vestibular system, typically used for detecting acceleration, is a crucial component of the walking sensation. This study investigated the use of galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS) to enhance the sensation of walking in virtual reality (VR) environments, particularly when users are seated and not engaged in active movements. GVS is a transcutaneous electric stimulation technique to evoke vestibular sensory responses and involves the application of a penetrating current to vestibular afferents. This study revealed that the pseudo-walking sensation can be intensified by applying lateral GVS. However, no difference was observed when it was synchronized with the walking rhythm represented by foot-sole vibration patterns. Furthermore, the study compares the effectiveness of lateral versus anterior-posterior GVS in enhancing walking sensations in VR. The findings provide novel perspectives on enhancing the VR walking experience through vestibular stimulation, even in scenarios in which the user is seated.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences