jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study of persistence of undergraduate women majoring in engineering and math

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that are associated with encourage the persistence of undergraduate women majoring in Engineering and Math (EM) at Florida Atlantic University, University of Central Florida, and University of South Florida. The persistence factors were examined through an analysis of university data and the use of a survey for enrolled senior standing students who declared their first major in engineering or math. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized to collect and analyze data from the three sites. Factor analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the quantitative data. The quantitative data retrieved from the survey instrument revealed that participants who were self motivated, felt they had a safe learning environment, and were engaged by the university were more likely to persist in engineering and math. Additionally, the survey revealed that race and ethnicity does not predict persistence of undergraduate women majoring in engineering and math. Qualitative analysis of open-ended survey questions revealed that the most important factor that helps female students persist in engineering and math major was self-confidence and determination. They also indicated that discrimination and stereotyping were the most difficult factors for female students to overcome. To enable more women to be successful in the pursuit of a engineering or math degree, participants made an overwhelming reference to intervention as student engagement. Student engagement consists of the following: outreach programs, support programs, study groups, homework sessions, women clubs, engineering or math clubs, math and sciences activities, math and science tours, engineering and math societies, educational programs focusing on engineering and math, online courses, women organizations in STEM, positive role models, female teachers, women mentors, exposure to engineering and math, and expanding the career outlooks of young women. They suggested that student engagement must start early and must be continuous throughout every level of the educational pathway and professional life. Recommendations are provided for policymakers and university administrators to continue supporting women majoring in EM and to increase awareness and access that encourage persistence of women in the pursuit of EM career goals.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of Bisphosphonates in the Development of the Osteonecrosis of the Jaws

The jaw bone tissue is affected by many factors, including various medicaments, e.g., bisphosphonates (BPs).These medicaments are taken by certain group of the patients, where it is necessary to stop the ongoing pathological processes in the course of treatment.This is the drug of choice for the treatment of osteoporosis, as well as metastatic bone cancer, multiple myeloma, Legg-Calve-Perthes and Paget diseases, for children in the cases of osteogenesis imperfecta, idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, and osteopenia due to rheumatoid arthritis.The BP group, reducing loss of the skeletal bone mass, are synthetic analogues of non-organic pyrophosphate and were introduced in 1969 [2,3].Their mode of action was explained more precisely only in 1990, when Fosamax (alendronate) was introduced

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Learning movement patterns in mobile networks: a generic method

Abstract: Predicting terminals movements in mobile networks is useful for more than one reason, in particular for routing management. A way to do such prediction is to learn the movement patterns of mobile nodes passing by an access router. In this paper, the information (e.g. layer 2 measurements) related to the different paths followed by mobiles are learned using a hidden Markov model. Simulations have been done using this method and show it can handle different layer 2 signals and collect statistical information when no such signal is available. 1.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dental Implant Treatments Made Appealing

Background: Dental implant treatment has proved highly successful in the literature. As patient expectations rise, patient-centered planning needs to be given a priority. Aim/Hypothesis: This review aims to identify patients’ preferences with regard to dental implants in order to explore the possibility of incorporating them into decision making in treatment planning. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search in English, using general and comprehensive set of keywords: ((patient-reported outcome) OR (patient-reported outcomes) OR (PROM) OR (PROMs)) AND (“dental implants” OR “dental implant”), allowed the author to find PubMed-INDIAxed implant-related articles which have pointed to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The relevant articles with the highest validity – meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials – were afterwards selected for in-depth assessment. PROMs were then reported, accordingly. Results: Reported values for PROMs for dental implants are favorable as. Elicited from the literature, the following can be reported from the patients’ perspective: placing short implants is preferred to increasing the available bone height; NO-autogenous bone grafts are preferred to autogenous bone grafts; implant overdentures are preferred to conventional dentures; smile line can affect the rates of satisfaction; it seems that immediate loading and early/conventional loading of immediately placed implants are both well tolerated by the patients; shape of the implants, their being bone- or soft tissue- level, and tilted or axially placed, are each of minor importance. Additionally, although some other factors have been pointed to in the literature, yet no conclusive evidence about them could be found to be reported. In terms of treatment result, dentist's view seems to reflect patient's opinion, with patients being less discerning, depending on their personality traits. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Overall, dental implant treatment is evidenced to be a successful treatment in terms of improving quality of life, with highly satisfying patient-reported outcome measures. This could be related not only to success of the treatment but also to convenience of that from the patient's perspective. Therefore, the strategic recommendation is made to consider both patient's preferences and predictability of the results, when planning. Keywords: patient-reported outcome, PROM, dental implant, decision making

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Underwater luminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ persistent phosphor

An artificial block from concrete and sand covered by SrAl2O4:Eu2 , Dy3 based phosphor was prepared, and a new direction in the study and application of persistent phosphors was proposed. For the first time, underwater luminescence was experimentally studied in real sea conditions. The bright blue-green long-lasting afterglow was demonstrated and registered from a depth of 5 m. The fishes were attracted by the light of the artificial reef.

Topic: Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mezi Prahou a Paříží. Neznámé a málo známé „hrdinky“ česko-francouzského kulturního světa první poloviny 20. století

The article describes the lives of several Czech-French female ‘heroines’, writers and scientists active in the first half of the 20th century who we encountered in connection with research into book provenances in Czech and French institutions and whose fates are little known, or even unknown, to the Czech and French cultural public. The first part, entitled ‘Paris in Prague and Prague in Paris’, tells the story of two women, a Francophone Belgian and a Czech living in France. The second part, ‘French Women Married to Czechs’, maps the lives of three French women who were engaged in pedagogical, translation, educational and scientific activities and who were forced to leave Czechoslovakia after 1948 for political reasons. The last part, ‘The Daughter of a Famous Father’, deals with the life of the Bohemist Jacqueline Mazon, the daughter of the distinguished French Slavist André Mazon.

Topic: French Literature and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Epicentral influence via agent‐based modelling

Abstract One limitation of corpus‐based research into the epicentre hypothesis is that it only provides information on structural similarity/difference of varieties but not on the role that attitudes may play in the choice of variants in a pluricentric language. In our case study on verb complementation patterns, we use simulation as a complementary methodology. We build an agent‐based model for two speaker communities with English as a second language (ESL) which allows for attitudes towards American and British English to affect the choice of verb complementation. This approach enables us to gauge the likely effect that attitudes towards potential epicentres might have on the choice of variants and to predict patterns of variation we should see in language use. We provide preliminary data from the News On the Web corpus to test whether the predictions are, in fact, borne out.

Topic: Linguistic Variation and Morphology
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lego-MT: Learning Detachable Models for Massively Multilingual Machine Translation

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) aims to build a unified model for many language directions. Existing monolithic models for MNMT encounter two challenges: parameter interference among languages and inefficient inference for large models. In this paper, we revisit the classic multi-way structures and develop a detachable model by assigning each language (or group of languages) to an individual branch that supports plug-and-play training and inference. To address the needs of learning representations for all languages in a unified space, we propose a novel efficient training recipe, upon which we build an effective detachable model, Lego-MT. For a fair comparison, we collect data from OPUS and build a translation benchmark covering 433 languages and 1.3B parallel data. Experiments show that Lego-MT with 1.2B parameters brings an average gain of 3.2 spBLEU. It even outperforms M2M-100 with 12B parameters. The proposed training recipe brings a 28.2$\times$ speedup over the conventional multi-way training method.\footnote{ \url{https://github.com/CONE-MT/Lego-MT}.}

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nerve Compression Injuries Due to Traumatic False Aneurysm

Experience with 17 patients with delayed onset of compression neuropraxia due to hemorrhage following nonoperative treatment of penetrating arterial injuries is presented. Fifteen cases involved the arteries of the neck shoulder girdle and upper extremity and two the gluteal vessels. This resulted in dysfunction of components of the brachial plexus, median ulnar, and sciatic nerves. Follow-up extended from 3 to 18 months. Of 10 brachial plexus lesions two recovered fully, five partially, and three not at all. Of seven peripheral nerve injuries, full recovery occurred in two patients and none in five. Adverse prognostic factors for neurological recovery are sepsis, involvement of intrinsic hand innervation and the sciatic nerve. An improved prognosis may be expected for upper trunk lesions of the brachial plexus and radial nerve lesions. The complication is essentially avoidable and a careful appraisal of the circulatory status must be made in all patients with penetrating trauma in the neck and shoulder girdle and buttock.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neurosarcoidosis

Ms. Hughes is a 4th Year Medical Student, and Dr. Vender is Associate Professor, Vice Chair for Clinical Services, Department of Neurosurgery; and Dr. Pruitt is Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, BI-3088, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, E-mail: [email protected]. Dr. Pruitt has disclosed that he is/was a member of the speakers bureau for GlaxoSmithKine and Pfizer, Inc. Ms. Hughes and Dr. Vender have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc., has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity. Category: inflammatory diseases

Topic: Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The bond between glass-fibre-reinforced polymer bars and ultra-high-strength concrete

This paper presents the bond characteristics of sand-coated, glass-fibre-reinforced polymer bars in ultra-high-strength concrete. A total of 216 pullout specimens were tested with variable parameters: bar diameters of 15·9 and 19·1 mm; bar embedment lengths of three, five and seven times the bar diameter; standard and high bar moduli; and concrete strengths of 129, 145 and 175 MPa. The influences of these parameters on bond strength, load–slip characteristics and failure modes are described. The bond stresses predicted from various North American codes are compared with those obtained from experiments.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
End-User Approach to Evaluating Costs and Benefits of Smart City Applications

As a part of an ongoing series of studies in the smart city domain from the perspective of end-users, the paper presents the results of an exploratory survey based on the cost-benefit analysis of different smart city solutions from users' point of view. Starting from a list of benefits and costs for four selected smart city applications (smart parking, water quality monitoring, air quality monitoring, and real-time traffic monitoring) that was generated by a young demographic of (future and current) users, a survey was organised to classify, reduce and evaluate the initial set of items. The respondents rated the identified potential benefits and costs of using the applications as a part of an integrated smart city solution. The results of a multivariate analysis based on the feedback from over 200 participants are presented in the paper. The main factors of identified perceived costs and benefits are indicated, and the link with the intention to use an integrated smart city application is reviewed.

Topic: Smart Cities and Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bacterial Utilization of Dodecyl Sulfate and Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate

Two unknown bacterial isolants (C12 and C12B) were obtained from enriched soils and cultured on media containing detergent compounds as sole sources of carbon. Either isolant destroyed the foaming capacity of cultures containing dodecyl sulfate; but C12B, which could grow on dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) whereas C12 could not, did not destroy the foaming capacity of this surfactant. The source of DBS available in quantity was a mixture of isomers derived from kerosene, and the bacteria utilized only one-fifth to one-fourth of this material during growth. Both isolants grew on short- or long-chained organic acids, and resting cells of both rapidly oxidized several long-chain acids and alcohols. Three of five phenyl-placement isomers of DBS (with the phenyl group at carbon 2, 3, or 6 on the alkyl chains) were excellent substrates for growth of C12B, but isomers with phenyl placement at carbon 4 or 5 were toxic and killed the bacteria.

Topic: Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Limitation of Hot-Carrier Generated Heat Dissipation on the Frequency of Operation and Reliability of Novel Nitride-Based High-Speed HFETs

Abstract : A novel fluctuation-based approach is applied to consider the unsolved problems in the realm of nitride heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs). Fluctuations originate at a microscopic level and provide information on the processes responsible for device operation and degradation. The novel fluctuation-based approach is impelled by recent demonstration of strong correlation of microwave hot-electron fluctuations with frequency performance and degradation of nitride HFETs. The correlation has its genesis in the dissipation of the LO-mode heat accumulated by the non-equilibrium longitudinal optical phonons (hot phonons) confined in the channel that hosts the high-density hot-electron gas subjected to a high electric field. The LO-mode heat causes additional scattering of hot electrons and facilitates defect formation in a different manner than conventional heat accumulated by acoustic phonons. The heat accumulation depends on the supplied electric power and the rate of heat dissipation. We treat the problem in terms of the hot-phonon lifetime responsible for conversion of non-migrant optical phonons into migrant modes. The lifetime is measured over wide ranges of electron densities and supplied electric power. The optimal conditions for heat dissipation are determined and associated with plasmon-assisted disintegration of LO phonons. Signatures of plasmons are experimentally resolved in fluctuations, dissipation, hot-electron transport, transistor frequency performance, and device reliability. In particular, a slower degradation and a faster operation of GaN-based HFETs is demonstrated when the plasmon-assisted ultrafast dissipation of the LO-mode heat comes into play.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance assessment of a dual loop organic rankine cycle powered by a parabolic trough collector for ammonia and hydrogen production purpose

Energy systems used in the future will need to be cleaner and more sustainable. The use of liquid ammonia as a potential medium for hydrogen storage is an efficient solution from an economic, practical and environmental point of view. In this work, a new approach linked to the production of hydrogen and ammonia using a system combining an alkaline water electrolysis, an air separation unit and a Haber Bosch reactor is proposed. The electricity necessary to carry out this process is provided by a dual loop organic rankine cycle (ORC) supplied by a parabolic trough collector and an auxiliary heater system. The survey was carried out by developing mathematical models on the different components of the combined system. The discrepancies between numerical and experimental results did not exceed 2% for the parabolic trough solar collector. Results demonstrated that hydrogen and ammonia flow rates increased as evaporation temperature of working fluid in the high-thermodynamics cycle increased. Results also showed that the thermal performance of the parabolic trough collector increased as inlet temperature and concentration factor increased. It was pointed out that the overall electrical efficiency of the combined system ranged from 15% to 20.28%. The specific energy consumption of the Back-up heater decreased as mass flow rate of Therminol® VP-1 decreased and its values ranged from 0 to 35 kWh kg−1 of ammonia. Ammonia production efficiency and electricity consumption ratio varied between 59–63% and 8.25–8.67 kWh kg−1 of ammonia, respectively. Overall results showed that Cyclohexane, Octane, Toluene and Benzene can be used effectively as working fluid for the high-temperature loop ORC supplied by parabolic trough collectors for hydrogen and ammonia production purpose.Highlights: A combined system suitable for ammonia production purpose is modelled and validatedOverall electrical efficiency of the combined system ranged from 15% to 20.28%Electricity consumption ratio varied between 8.25 and 8.67 kWh/kg NH3;Ammonia production efficiency ranged from 59% to 63%Organic fluids suitable for electricity and ammonia production are proposed.

Topic: Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coping after 9/11: Deep Interconnectedness and Struggle in Posttraumatic Stress and Growth

A woman sits, as usual, on the balcony of her 36th floor apartment, gazing contemplatively at the open sky beyond the harbor. Suddenly, the oddly appearing shape of the first plane looms in the near distance and crashes into the first tower of the World Trade Center. She instantly recoils with horror: "People are dying!" After phoning her family, in deep distress she returns to the balcony, only to see the second plane, heading directly toward her ("I'm going to die!") then swerving to strike the near tower. In the all-to o-real, gradually tumbling view four blocks away, her familiar world crashes down. That life-shattering event turned into a long journey of recovery for the witness, the New York poet Lee Briccetti. Here is her poem about that experience, written during the long aftermath of recovery, leading to "the abundant new morning light" that would eventually emerge.1

Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Osmotic stress decreases complexity underlying the electrophysiological dynamic in soybean

Abstract Studies on plant electrophysiology are mostly focused on specific traits of single cells. Inspired by the complexity of the signalling network in plants, and by analogy with neurons in human brains, we sought evidence of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signalling and a likely relationship with environmental cues. An EEG ‐like standard protocol was adopted for high‐resolution measurements of the electrical signal in Glycine max seedlings. The signals were continuously recorded in the same plants before and after osmotic stimuli with a −2 MPa mannitol solution. Non‐linear time series analyses methods were used as follows: auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation function, power spectra density function, and complexity of the time series estimated as Approximate Entropy (ApEn). Using Approximate Entropy analysis we found that the level of temporal complexity of the electrical signals was affected by the environmental conditions, decreasing when the plant was subjected to a low osmotic potential. Electrical spikes observed only after stimuli followed a power law distribution, which is indicative of scale invariance. Our results suggest that changes in complexity of the electrical signals could be associated with water stress conditions in plants. We hypothesised that the power law distribution of the spikes could be explained by a self‐organised critical state ( SOC ) after osmotic stress.

Topic: Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Systematic Approach to Legal Identity Management – Best Practice Austria

Electronic identity (eID) initiatives have in many cases started with state-issued credentials for secure authentication of natural persons. While citizen eID is a major leap, e-business and e-government processes are in many cases carried out by legal persons or professional representatives. Comprehensive mandate systems that seamlessly integrate with the national identity management (IDM) system are still rare.

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences