jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Provably Secure Parallel Certificatelesss Ring Signcryption Scheme

Ring signcryption is a cryptographic primitive which combines the functions of a ring signature scheme and an encryption scheme. It can provide confidentiality, anonymity and authenticity simultaneously. In this paper, we show a security flaw in a previous certificateless ring signcryption scheme (Wang et al.'s scheme) and propose an efficient parallel ring signcryption scheme in certificateless public key setting.Compared with Wang et al.'s scheme, our new scheme needs 3less pairings and enjoys a shorter ciphertext. Furthermore theparallel execution of the expensive signature and encryption operations in our scheme implies a gain in running efficiency.We also prove that the new scheme is not only indistinguishable against chosen-ciphertext attacks but also existentially unforgeable against chosen-message attacks.

Topic: Cryptography and Data Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Human-Object Interaction Detection Collaborated with Large Relation-driven Diffusion Models

Prevalent human-object interaction (HOI) detection approaches typically leverage large-scale visual-linguistic models to help recognize events involving humans and objects. Though promising, models trained via contrastive learning on text-image pairs often neglect mid/low-level visual cues and struggle at compositional reasoning. In response, we introduce DIFFUSIONHOI, a new HOI detector shedding light on text-to-image diffusion models. Unlike the aforementioned models, diffusion models excel in discerning mid/low-level visual concepts as generative models, and possess strong compositionality to handle novel concepts expressed in text inputs. Considering diffusion models usually emphasize instance objects, we first devise an inversion-based strategy to learn the expression of relation patterns between humans and objects in embedding space. These learned relation embeddings then serve as textual prompts, to steer diffusion models generate images that depict specific interactions, and extract HOI-relevant cues from images without heavy fine-tuning. Benefited from above, DIFFUSIONHOI achieves SOTA performance on three datasets under both regular and zero-shot setups.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Part I, Series L, Section 5.8: "Song of the voyage of Naka and Nibonibon from Samoa to the North..." by Tiburea of Arorae. ms. (photocopy)

The song of the voyage of Naka and Nibonibon from Samoa to the north, fleeing sickness and evil that came out of heaven when the world was created.

Topic: Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Beyond Charlemagne's legacy: Normative Empire and the Independence of the Judiciary in Conditionality

Accession negotiations to the EU since 2004 brought significant changes to European enlargement customary law and exacerbated the reliance of the Commission on conditionality to impose its leverage on present and prospective member states. The subsequent development of European norms in the pre-accession phase was transposed onto current member states and led to the edification of a Normative Empire. This research reformulated the concept of Normative Empire while resting on factual and contemporary evidence. It investigated why the increasingly significant role in conditionality of the principle of independence of the judiciary contributed to the metamorphosis of the EU into a Normative Empire. The argumentation of this research rested on the study of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. In addition to their geographical kinship, these three cases share issues of rampant corruption, notably in the political and judicial structures, which remain the main obstacles to their accession or full membership. The analysis of the Commission's influence in judicial reforms during the pre and post-accession phases was supported by a thorough study of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism and the progress reports from 2004 till present. In conclusion, the Commission's post-accession monitoring in Bulgaria and...

Topic: Historical Economic and Legal Thought
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of D-dimer as an independent predictor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), elevated D-dimer levels have been associated with poor clinical condition and outcome. We tested prospectively whether D-dimer values affect outcome after SAH independently of severity of bleeding.METHODS: Previous diseases, and clinical as well as radiological variables, were recorded for 136 patients with SAH admitted within 48 hours after bleeding. Plasma D-dimer was measured in the morning after aneurysm occlusion and at discharge 10 to 12 days after SAH. Factors predicting poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months after SAH and appearance of cerebral infarction were tested with multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: Patients with poor outcome had higher D-dimer values than did those with favorable outcome: after surgery, a median 1250 (25th and 75th percentiles 675 and 2900) microg/L versus 720 (350 and 1119) microg/L (P=0.001); and at discharge, 1150 (624 and 2875) microg/L versus 360 (330 and 600) microg/L (P< 0.001), respectively. In repeated-measures ANOVA, D-dimer decreased more rapidly (P=0.022) in those with favorable outcome. After simultaneous adjustment for several factors affecting outcome, plasma D-dimer after surgery remained a significant predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.63 per mg/L; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.60; P=0.038) but neither for delayed ischemia nor, on follow-up computed tomography in survivors, for cerebral infarction.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma D-dimer after admission independently predicts poor outcome, suggesting that prolonged excess thrombin generation may impair outcome. Repeated high plasma D-dimer values can be useful in discovering patients at increased risk for poor outcome. PMID: 16690901

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Courage in the Democratic Polis

In this careful and compelling study, Ryan K. Balot brings together political theory, classical history, and ancient philosophy in order to reconceive of courage as a specifically democratic virtue. Ranging from Thucydides and Aristophanes to the Greek tragedians and Plato, Balot shows that the ancient Athenians constructed a novel vision of courage that linked this virtue to fundamental democratic ideals, such as freedom, equality, and practical rationality. The Athenian ideology of courage had practical implications for the conduct of war, for gender relations, and for the citizens' self-image as democrats. In revising traditional ideals, Balot argues, the Athenians reimagined the emotional and cognitive motivations for courage in ways that will unsettle and transform our contemporary discourses. Without losing sight of political tensions and practical conflicts, Balot illustrates the merits of the Athenian ideal, provocatively explaining its potential to enlarge our contemporary understandings of politics and ethics. The result is a remarkably interdisciplinary work that has significant implications for the theory and practice of democracy, both ancient and modern.

Topic: Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The political and social history of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel, C. 235–638

The chronological boundaries of this chapter are based on well-known events in world history. The year 235 saw the end of the Severan dynasty of Roman emperors, while the Muslim invasion of Palestine began in 634. The fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE and the suppression of the Second Revolt in 135 were the beginning of the end of a Jewish majority in Israel. They also believed that the steady decline in demographic strength, coupled with an increasingly precarious political standing when the Roman Empire became Christianized, led to a loss of hegemony within the Jewish world. The older historiography tended to accept most of the evidence at face value and combine it all into a harmonizing account of the Patriarchate from its origins to its demise between 415 and 429. The accumulated archaeological and epigraphic evidence and the application of more sophisticated social scientific analysis have contributed to a reassessment of rabbinical status in Late Roman-Byzantine Palestine.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of pulsing of a target tone on the ability to hear it out in different types of complex sounds

Judgments of whether a sinusoidal probe is higher or lower in frequency than the closest partial (“target”) in a multi-partial complex are improved when the target is pulsed on and off. These experiments explored the contribution of reduction in perceptual confusion and recovery from adaptation to this effect. In experiment 1, all partials except the target were replaced by noise to reduce perceptual confusion. Performance was much better than when the background was composed of multiple partials. When the level of the target was reduced to avoid ceiling effects, no effect of pulsing the target occurred. In experiment 2, the target and background partials were irregularly and independently amplitude modulated. This gave a large effect of pulsing the target, suggesting that if recovery from adaptation contributes to the effect, amplitude fluctuations do not prevent this. In experiment 3, the background was composed of multiple steady partials, but the target was irregularly amplitude modulated. This gave better performance than when the target was unmodulated and a moderate effect of pulsing the target. It is argued that when the target and background are steady tones, pulsing the target may result both in reduction of perceptual confusion and recovery from adaptation.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors influencing portal vein velocity after liver transplantation

Introduction. Vascular complications are one of the most common complications after liver transplantation (LT) and are generally associated with a poor prognosis if adequate measures are not undertaken. The aim of our study was to determine risk factors for decreased portal vein velocity and portal vein thrombosis after LT. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 165 patients undergoing deceased-donor LT. Preoperative severity (MELD and MELD-sodium score) and thrombotic complications of liver disease, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements were noted. Standard coagulation tests (INR, APTT, PT), platelet count and fibrinogen levels were recorded 15 minutes after reperfusion of the graft and for the first 3 postoperative days. Rotational thromboelastometry (ExTEM, InTEM, FibTEM, ApTEM) was performed 15 minutes into the neohepatic phase and 24 hours after LT and both standard parameters (clotting time-CT, clot formation time-CFT, maximum clot firmness-MCF) and derived (thrombin potential index-TPI, maximum velocity of clot formation-MaxV, time to MaxV-MaxVt, area under the curve-AUC and maximum clot elasticity-MCE) were noted. Maximum blood velocity in the portal vein (PVV) was determined daily during the first 3 postoperative days using Doppler ultrasound and the mean value was recorded. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was diagnosed using contrast-enhanced computer tomography. Results. The mean age in the study group was 50u00b112 years and the mean severity scores (MELD, MELD-sodium) were 19.2u00b16.1 and 21.5u00b16.0 respectively. 23 patients (14.2%) were preoperatively diagnosed with PVT. Mean postoperative PVV was 44.9u00b115.9 cm/s and 9 patients (5.5%) were diagnosed with PVT. Risk factors for decreased postoperative PVV were high blood loss (p=0.01), fresh frozen plasma transfusion (p=0.02), intraoperative ExTEM CT (p=0.01), InTEM CT (p=0.01), ExTEM CFT (p=0.01), ExTEM MCF (p=0.02), AUC (p=0.01) and postoperative ExTEM CT (p=0.01), InTEM CT (p=0.01). Risk factors for postoperative PVT were: fresh frozen plasma transfusion (p=0.01) and platelet transfusion (p=0.01), intraoperative ExTEM CFT (p=0.01), ExTEM MCF (p=0.03) and postoperative ExTEM CT (p=0.01), MaxVt (p=0.01), AUC (p=0.03). Conclusions. Blood loss and transfusion represent the most important and potentially reversible risk factors for both PVT and low PVV. Thromboelastometric parameters, especially extrinsically activated, may help in identifying patients at risk for PVT.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vaccination against C-terminal region of amyloid-β peptide attenuates plaque deposition in prevention studies

The inventors have chosen fragments of the C-terminal part of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42, which, when administered to a mammal, generate antibodies that specifically target the soluble form of the highly amyloidogenic Aβ1-42. However, it was recently reported that anti-Aβ42 and anti-Aβ40 attenuated plaque deposition in a prevention study, but were less effective in attenuating anti-β-amyloid deposition in therapeutic studies. These data suggest that selective targeting of Aβ42 or Aβ40 might be an effective strategy in preventing amyloid deposition, but may also have limited benefit in a therapeutic setting.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AN INVESTIGATION OF CAVITATION NOISE (2ND REPORT) - ANALYSIS OF CAVITATION NOISE DATA USING TIME HISTORY OF NOISE SPECTRA

The paper deals with data analysis of cavitation noise emitted from a marine propeller using Time History of Noise Spectra (THNS), which consists of the spectra of the blade frequency and its harmonic spectra of a propeller printed on a paper using fount developed by the authors. Describability of THNS was tested using data of a model propeller working in a non-uniform flow in the cavitation tunnel and invaluable data recorded in the experiments on the actual and model ships. The authors conclude that THNS patterns depend on the characteristics of the blade frequency noise of an individual propeller and that, at least, the method may be used to estimate cavitation conditions of a propeller after many actual and model ship experiments and capture the relationship between the blade frequency noise and its spectra.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CO Oxidation by Subnanometer Ag<sub><i>x</i></sub>Au<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub> Supported Clusters via Density Functional Theory Simulations

The activity of AgxAu3–x/MgO(100) clusters in CO oxidation is investigated computationally via systematic sampling techniques. It is found that these subnanometer species transform after ligand adsorption into reaction complexes which catalyze CO oxidation through a variety of different mechanisms, occurring via both Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal paths and in some cases directly involving the oxide support. The alloyed Ag2Au1 cluster is proposed as the best catalyst in terms of efficiency and robustness.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simultaneous Use of Stimulatory Agents to Enhance the Production and Hypoglycaemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus by Submerged Fermentation

This study aimed to determine the effect of applying stimulatory agents to liquid cultured Inonotus obliquus on the simultaneous accumulation of exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and their monosaccharide composition. Different stimulatory agents (VB6, VB1, betulin and birch extract) were investigated for their effects on active exo-polysaccharides by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. The mycelial biomass, reducing sugar content, EPS yield and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined, and the EPS obtained was analyzed for monosaccharide composition. The results showed that the addition of all the four stimulatory agents could significantly increase the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase of EPS than the control, whereas EPS from 4 μg/mL VB1-containing medium had the best effect with an estimated IC50 value 24.34 μg/mL. Among the four stimulatory agents, VB6 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass and EPS at the concentration of 4 μg/mL with a increase of 50.79% and 114.46%, respectively. In addition, betulin had a significant effect on increasing the EPS yield and activity, and birch extract had a significantly stimulatory effect on the mycelial growth and the polysaccharides activity, only slightly worse than VB6 and VB1. Moreover, the addition of different stimulatory agents changed the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, which had a correlation with polysaccharide activity.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advances in liver, liver lesion, hepatic vasculature, and biliary segmentation: a comprehensive review of traditional and deep learning approaches

Abstract Background and motivation Liver segmentation plays a critical role in medical imaging, aiding in diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical interventions for liver diseases. Precise segmentation of liver structures, including vessels, tumors, and other substructures, is essential for effective patient management. Traditional manual methods are time-consuming and prone to variability, prompting the development of automated techniques. This review aims to evaluate the evolution of liver segmentation methodologies, focusing on recent advancements in deep learning and hybrid approaches. Materials and methods This review follows the PRISMA guidelines for systematic analysis, including a detailed database search across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. The search focused on segmentation techniques for various liver structures using deep learning, traditional methods, and hybrid models. A total of 7819 studies were initially identified, with 190 selected for detailed analysis based on inclusion criteria like Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) metrics and clinical applicability. Results The analysis identified deep learning models, such as U-Net variants and Swin Transformer-based architectures, as leading methods for liver parenchyma and tumor segmentation, achieving DSC values up to 98.9% on benchmark datasets. For vessel segmentation, methods like DeepLabV3+ and the feature-based approaches demonstrated robustness across different datasets. Despite progress, challenges remain in segmenting structures like biliary ducts and hematomas due to limited annotated data and imaging variability. Discussion While deep learning has significantly improved segmentation accuracy, challenges such as class imbalance and variability across imaging modalities persist. Hybrid approaches that combine traditional image processing with advanced neural networks show potential for further improvement. Future research should focus on enhancing generalizability through multi-modal data integration and exploring semi-supervised learning methods to overcome data scarcity. Conclusion This comprehensive review highlights the advancements and ongoing challenges in liver segmentation, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation. By addressing current limitations, future methodologies can improve accuracy, efficiency, and clinical relevance, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in hepatology.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Charge density wave transition and unusual resistance hysteresis in vanadium disulfide (1T-VS<sub>2</sub>) microflakes

Abstract We report existence of charge density wave (CDW) transition with unusual resistivity hysteresis in stable micro-flakes of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) vanadium disulfide (1T-VS 2 ) as ascertained by structural studies, Raman spectroscopy, heat capacity, resistivity measurements and supported by phonon calculations based on density functional theory. The CDW transition occurs at around 296 K on cooling and manifests itself by the onset of resistivity with a negative temperature coefficient, which we identify as the transition temperature (T CDW ). The transition is identified by a distinct peak in the heat capacity at T ≈ T CDW along with anomalies in temperature variation of the lattice parameters and complimentary signatures in electron diffraction and temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements done with different ramp rates of cooling and heating show strong hysteresis and a low temperature relaxation pointing to the existence of metastable states below the transition. The Raman spectroscopy data show a hysteresis loop below the onset of the CDW transition. The phonon band structure calculations carried out on the 1T-VS 2 system show the existence of the phonon mode softening along the diagonal of the Brillouin zone, which is pronounced near the transition temperature implying the prominent role of the mode softening as a driver of the transition. The results imply that the formation of CDW is sensitive to phonon mode softening rather than energy gap opening at the Fermi level.

Topic: Organic and Molecular Conductors Research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A possible Correlation between the SNP rs10830963 of the MTNR1B Gene and Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (EOD) in A Sample of the Egyptian Population

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a prime public health condition in Egypt.Along with the global development of T2DM, the frequency of T2DM diagnosed in adults < 40 years old has increased dramatically.Pancreatic Bcells express the MTNR1B gene, which expresses the receptor 1B of melatonin.Multiple large-scale genome-wide association studies and metaanalyses revealed a strong connection between the rs10830963 of the MTNR1B gene with fasting glucose and T2DM in many ethnic groups.This study aims to detect the link between rs10830963 and early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) in the Egyptian population.The rs10830963 was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing technology on 12 T2DM patients and 18 healthy controls group with an age range of 30 to 39 years.Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (CREAT), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were determined for both healthy and diabetic groups.Four T2DM patients (one male and three females) in addition to four healthy individuals (one male and three females) were found to contain the risk G allele when compared to the NCBI reference sequence using the T-Coffee online tool for multiple sequence alignment.Furthermore, the RNA secondary structure for reference and sample sequences with the rs10830963 was predicted in terms of minimum free energy (MFE) using the Vienna online tool, finding that there is a slight difference in MFE between the compared sequences, which may explain the upregulation of mRNA of the MTNR1B gene in presence of rs10830963.This study reveals a possible association between the MTNR1B gene variant rs10830963 and EOD in our Egyptian population sample.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences