jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The association of Id-1, MIF and GSTpi with acquired drug resistance in hormone independent prostate cancer cells

Most patients with prostate cancer respond to androgen ablation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses to an androgen-independent stage with multiple anti-cancer drug resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies for hormone independent prostate cancer need to be developed. The genes for Id-1, MIF and GSTpi were up-regulated in drug resistant cells of hormone independent prostate cancer cells using cDNA microarray gene expression analysis. In this study we aimed to investigate whether constitutive overexpression of these candidate genes in cells can affect cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and the Id-1, MIF and GSTpi protein contents in these cell lines were measured by Western blotting. Susceptibility of the cells to chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide was determined by microculture tetrazolium bromide assay. The analysis of apoptosis was assessed by annexin V assay. The cytotoxity assay results demonstrated that cells overexpressing the Id-1 gene increased in their resistance to doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide. MIF expression can drive cells to increase in their resistance to paclitaxel, and GSTpi expression confers drug resistance to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The induction of mdr1 gene expression was noted in up-regulation of MIF and GSTpi. Our findings suggest that overproduction of the Id-1, MIF and GSTpi proteins and coinduction of mdr-1 play an important role in the development of acquired drug resistance to various drugs of prostate cancer cells.

Topic: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Double-heavy tetraquark states with heavy diquark-antiquark symmetry *

Abstract We calculate the masses of the ( ; ) tetraquark states with the aid of heavy diquark-antiquark symmetry (HDAS) and the chromomagnetic interaction (CMI) model. The masses of the highest-spin ( ) tetraquarks that have only the color structure are related with those of conventional hadrons using HDAS. Thereafter, the masses of their partner states are determined with the mass splittings in the CMI model. Our numerical results reveal that (i) the lightest ( ) is an state around 3929 MeV (53 MeV above the threshold), and none of the double-charm tetraquarks are stable; (ii) the stable double-bottom tetraquarks are the lowest around 10488 MeV ( MeV below the threshold) and the lowest around 10671 MeV ( MeV below the threshold); and (iii) the two lowest tetraquarks, namely the lowest around 7167 MeV and the lowest around 7223 MeV, are in the near-threshold states. Moreover, we discuss the constraints on the masses of double-heavy hadrons. Specifically, for the lowest nonstrange tetraquarks, we obtain MeV, MeV, and MeV.

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Társalgás, beszélőváltás és diskurzusszerveződés új megközelítésben – fonetikai jellemzők és pragmatikai tényezők összefüggései magyar társalgásokban (pilot study)

Conversation, turn-taking and discourse organization: new insights on the interface of phonetics and pragmatics in a Hungarian conversation. A pilot study One of the most important way of language use is conversation (verbal interaction or spoken discourse). Phonetic details play crucial role in it, however, there are only a few research studies on phonetic aspects of Hungarian conversations and their connections with the pragmatic dimension. The aim of this paper is to analyse the organisation of a Hungarian conversation from a complex pragmatic and phonetic view, bringing together phonetic analytic techniques and methods of Conversation Analysis in the framework of a functional pragmatic approach. The main question was what the characteristics of the turns and turn-taking system were and how phonetic features interact in them with pragmatic aspects. Furthermore, we investigate two less-discussed, but important topics as well: the presence and possible factors of extensive prediction in turn-taking system and the connections of phonetic patterns with global discourse structure units. One recording from Hungarian Spontaneous Speech Database (BEA) was used for the study. Three female speakers participated in the conversation: their age and level of education were the same, and they have known each other for years. The material was manually annotated in Praat, the annotation contained the utterance and the word level of each speaker, the overlapping speech, the turns and turn-takings. The frequency, the duration and main pragmatic characteristics of local discourse units were analysed on the one hand. On the other hand, the global structure and timing of the discourse were analysed in terms of the narrative and interactive discourse periods. The results showed that both short pauses and overlapping speech have been common during the turn-takings. The result also shed lights on that half of the turn- takings were carried out in less than 400 ms; these data refer to the extensive prediction of turn-taking based on syntactic, prosodic and pragmatic features of turns.

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
'Entrepreneurial journalism': A new practice consistent with historical norms

Entrepreneurial journalism is a new paradigm, one that challenges longstanding beliefs about journalists' self-identity and autonomy by teaching and encouraging graduate students and working journalists to start their own businesses, whether online or in print. This new paradigm also forces academe to reconsider traditional methods in how to prepare students for a career. These changes are happening at a time when the news industry is grappling with a seismic shift in how information is delivered and financially supported. On the surface, it seems the new way of thinking by, and about, journalists and academe represents a radical departure from norms that have guided both groups since the late 1800s. However, journalists need not sacrifice core values of independence, truth-telling and impartiality if they choose to become business owners. Entrepreneurial journalism also fits within the historical context of curriculum change and debate within academe over how to adapt to new technologies.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Reconstructing Pop/Subculture: Art, Rock, and Andy Warhol

Introduction British Cultural Studies Conjunctural Analysis and the Conceptualization of Subcultural 'Difference' Andy Warhol and the Rise of Pop Art in the 1960s The Factory 1964-1967 Pop Art as Pop Life The Velvet Underground Pop Art Merges with Rock and Roll The Foundations of Glitter Rock Alice Cooper The Theatrical Groundwork of Glitter Rock The Early 1970s The Forebearers of Underground Rock Face the 1970's as David Bowie Charts His Course Spring 1971 Glitter Rock Becomes an Overt Style Bowie 'Retires' The Fragmentation of Glitter Pop Practices/Subcultural Articulations

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Granulocyte reactions after homœopathic high potencies

* A paper delivered at the 25th International Homœopathic Congress, Amsterdam, 1961. Translated from the German. We regret that it has not been possible to reproduce the slides in colour but hope that even in the black and white reproductions the changes in the oxydase granules will be sufficiently clear. We also regret that it has not been possible to reproduce all the slides mentioned in the text.

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gaze-controlled, computer-assisted communication in Intensive Care Unit: "speaking through the eyes".

Our results show an improvement in the quality of the examined parameters. Better communication processes seem also to lead to improvements in several psychological parameters, namely anxiety and drop-out depression perceived by both patients and medical staff. Further controlled studies are needed to define the ET role in ICU.

Topic: Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
An appraisal of the fit of a cognitive behavioural model of headache in University students

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit of a cognitive behavioural model of headache in the population of University students, from Córdoba,Argentina. The direct and indirect contributions to pain intensity of control beliefs, beliefs and thoughts about pain and coping strategies weredetermined, as were the direct contributions of pain behaviours and disability. The sample was comprised of 382 students of both genders fromseveral Universities. Multiple instruments were administered to measure the variables proposed in the cognitive behavioural model of headachefollowed by a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data. Structural equation modelling was used and revealed an acceptable fit of the modelbut with lower levels than the criteria proposed. The model was therefore redefined by eliminating two indicators and was then found to achieve abetter fit (CFI = .91; GFI = .95) and an optimal RMSEA index of .05. The new model explained 47% of the variance of headache intensity. All thevariables of the model predicted pain intensity directly, with beliefs and thoughts about pain having the greatest predictive value (β = 0.68).© 2018 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud. This is an open access article under theCC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
First Report of <i>Meloidogyne partityla</i> Infecting Water Oak (<i>Quercus nigra</i>) in Florida

In 2009 and 2014, roots presumably infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were collected from water oak (Quercus nigra), Alachua County, FL, and sent to the Nematode Diagnostic Laboratory, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL. Small galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots, large galls were found only on secondary roots. Females were found inside of the galls and egg masses were outside. Nematode species were identified using both morphological and molecular analyses. A notably thickened region between the stylet cone and stylet shaft in males (n = 10) and swollen rectums with deep longitudinal grooves were present in second-stage juveniles (n = 20): two defining morphological characteristics reported in the original description of Meloidogyne partityla (Kleynhans 1986). Perineal patterns of females and body length and width, stylet, and tail length of second stage juveniles (n = 20) were consistent with that previously reported for M. partityla. At least 10 single females were extracted from roots and molecular identification was performed using isozyme and DNA analyses. Isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; MDH = N1a) were identical to earlier reports of this species (Brito et al. 2008). An amplicon of 530 bp was produced with mtDNA primers C2F3 (5′-GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG-3′) and 1108 (5′-TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT-3′) (Powers and Harris 1993), which coincided to previously published data for M. partityla (Powers et al. 2005). Based on the result attained with the mtDNA primers, two regions were subsequently chosen to sequence to confirm species identification. First, a region in the ribosomal ITS was amplified with ITS-1 F (5′-CGCAGTGGCTTGAACCGG-3′) and a species-specific primer, MpSpec (5′-TGAACTTTTATTGGTGAAAG-3′) (Stamler 2009). This primer set produced a fragment of 630 bp, identical to M. partityla found infecting pecan in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas (GenBank Accession No. KR047556) (Stamler 2009; Brito et al. 2008). Secondly, the 18S region was amplified and sequenced (KT825143) using primers 18Ss1.2 (5′-GGCGATCAGATACCGCCCTAGTT-3′) and 18SR2B (5′-TACAAAGGGCAGGGACGTAAT-3′) (Baldwin et al. 1997). A GenBank BLAST search produced a 99% match to an isolate of M. partityla from New Mexico (AY757874.1). This finding strengthens the hypothesis that this nematode species can survive in the wild on hosts outside of Juglandaceae. This is of particular importance when establishing both new pecan nurseries and orchards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. partityla occurring on Q. nigra.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Risk of depression after diagnostic prostate cancer workup – A nationwide, registry‐based study

Abstract Objective To compare the risk of depression after diagnostic workup for prostate cancer (PCa), regardless of the histopathologic outcome, with that of a cancer‐free population. Methods A nationwide cohort of Danish men who had a prostatic biopsy sample in 1998–2011 was identified from the Danish Prostate Cancer Registry and compared to an age‐matched cohort from the background population. Men with other cancers, major psychiatric disorder, or prior use of antidepressants were excluded. The risk of depression defined as hospital contact for depression or prescription for antidepressants was determined from cumulative incidence functions and multivariate Cox regression models. Results Of 54,766 men who underwent diagnostic workup for PCa, benign results were found for 21,418 and PCa was diagnosed in 33,347. During up to 18 years of follow‐up, the adjusted hazard of depression was higher in men with PCa than in the background population, with the highest risk in the two years after diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR) 2.77, 95% CI 2.66–2.87). Comorbidity and lowest or highest income were significant risk factors for depression and the cumulative incidence was substantially higher in men with metastatic or high‐risk disease. In men with benign histopathology the HR for depression was 1.22 (95% CI 1.14–1.31) in the first two years but no different from the background population after that. Conclusions Diagnostic workup for PCa is associated with an increased risk of depression, mainly among men with a diagnosis of PCa. Clinicians should be aware of depressive symptoms in prostate cancer patients.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Apropos chikungunya virus diagnosis in the developing world: a pressing need

Response to: Sam IC, Chua CL, Chan YF. Chikungunya virus diagnosis in the developing world: a pressing need. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 9(12), 1089–1091 (2011).

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 107 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "BasisOfRecord is Specimen", "HasCoordinate is true", "TaxonKey is Isoetes orcuttii A.A.Eaton", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 107 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003018-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transformation optics collimating lenses for multi-beam antenna applications

Transformation optics (TO) is a flexible design process for electromagnetic and optical devices with a wide range of applications including cloaking, waveguides, and antenna enhancement. Many TO designs for antennas have been proposed, such as invisibility-cloaking radomes and collimating lenses; however, these designs all require inhomogeneous and anisotropic material parameters with extreme values that do not promote a practical implementation. Thus, the choice of transformation is a critical part of the TO design process and determines whether the device can ultimately be fabricated. In this paper, we review two transformation designs with simple material parameters for the conversion of radiation from an embedded isotropic source into multiple highly-directive radiating beams.

Topic: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intracellular Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides by Tri‐Branched Cyclic Disulfide Units

Abstract Therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense DNA, show promise in treating previously untreatable diseases. However, their applications are still hindered by the poor membrane permeability of naked oligonucleotides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for intracellular oligonucleotide delivery. Previously, our group successfully developed disulfide‐based Membrane Permeable Oligonucleotides (MPON), which achieved enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing effects through an endocytosis‐free uptake mechanism. Herein, we report a new molecular design for the next generation of MPON, called trimer MPON. The trimer MPON consists of a tri‐branched backbone, three α‐lipoic acid units, and a spacer linker between the oligonucleotides and tri‐branched cyclic disulfide unit. We describe the design, synthesis, and functional evaluation of the trimer MPON, offering new insights into the molecular design for efficient oligonucleotide delivery.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of green fluorescent protein labeling in the study of stem cells transplantation

OBJECTIVE To explore the progress of application of fluorescent protein GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation. DATA SOURCES The related articles between January 1990 and December 2005 were retrieved from Medline by using the key word green fluorescent protein stem cells labeling in English and from China National Knowledge Infrastructure CNKI Chongqing VIP Chinese Database and Wanfang Database with the same key words as above but in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION The retrieved articles along with their cited articles were screened. Included criterion articles related to the application of GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation. Excluded criterion some repetitive studies review or articles lacking of randomized controlled trial. DATA EXTRACTION Totally 123 articles were retrieved of which 27 articles were included and 9 6 articles were excluded either because they were repeated experiments or they were too dated. Of the 27 included articles 7 were related to the molecular structure and function of fluorescent protein 17 related to the application of GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation and 3 were about the side effects of GFP in cell labeling. DATA SYNTHESIS The advantages of fluorescent protein GFP includes ①Be monitored conveniently without additional substrate adding ②The molecular weight of GFP is relative low and thus cause little influence on the interested genes when fused with them ③Having little or no effect on the labeled cellular function ④The expression of GFP is stable and can endure chemical and physical treatment. Due to the mentioned advantages GFP is widely used in the research of stem cell transplantation. The most often used manners of stem cell by GFP include transfection by plasmid transfection by virus vector and GFP transgenic animals. When combine with quantitative polymerase chain reaction laser scanning confocal microscope fluorescent activated cell sorting and laser capture microdissection GFP were widely used in many fields of stem cell transplantation such as to trace the distribution of transplanted stem cell to analyze the amount of transplanted stem cell in recipient tissues and to analyze the differentiation of transplanted stem cell etc. CONCLUSION Due to its advantages of being examined conveniently continuous expression and not affecting the function of labeled stem cells GFP is widely used to trace the distribution differentiation and amount of transplanted stem cell in recipient tissues. But the side effects of GFP mentioned in related articles suggest that work still needs to be done to improve the performance of GFP.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Management of Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes—Current Standards and Recent Advances

Abstract The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms with varied natural histories and prognoses. Specific to this review, treatment of low-risk MDS most often focuses on improving quality of life by correcting cytopenias, as opposed to urgent disease modification to avoid acute myeloid leukemia. These treatments include transfusion support with iron chelation when necessary, growth factors including novel maturation agents such as luspatercept, lenalidomide for del(5q) disease, and, increasingly, low-dose hypomethylating agents. Recent advances in the understanding of the genetic lesions that drive MDS have prompted a reassessment of how low-risk disease is defined and helped to identify a subset of low-risk MDS patients who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment paradigm, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mobile Technologies in Healthcare and Electronic Health Records

Mobile Health (mHealth) is an emerging and rapidly developing field. It seems to play a significant role in the transformation of healthcare and increase its quality and efficiency as a sub-segment of Electronic Health (eHealth). In this article, we did a literature review about the potentials for this transformation and the crucial organizational issues for developing Electronic Health Record's applications with mHealth technologies in healthcare organizations.

Topic: Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences