jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in the United States: a cross-sectional, real-world survey

<b>Objective:</b> The aim of this analysis was to examine treatment patterns in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in routine clinical practice in the United States, including factors influencing the choice of front-line treatment intensity and the effect of age and treatment line. <b>Methods:</b> We used data from the Adelphi AML Disease Specific Programme, a real-world, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015. Physicians completed patient record forms providing patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. <b>Results:</b> In total, 61 academic, non-academic, and office-based hematologists and hematology/oncology specialists provided data on 457 patients with AML; 284 had ≥20% blasts (World Health Organization defined AML) and were included in the analysis. In the front-line setting, 60% of patients received high-intensity therapy, most commonly cytarabine plus anthracycline; the most common low-intensity treatments were hypomethylating agents. Primary drivers for selecting high-intensity versus low-intensity treatment were age, performance status and comorbidities; 67%, 64% and 61% of physicians stated they would prescribe high-intensity treatment to patients aged &lt;65 years, with good performance status or no comorbidities, respectively. In practice, patients aged &lt;60 years were more likely to receive high-intensity induction treatment (high vs. low intensity by age <i>p</i> <b>Conclusions:</b> Most patients in this analysis of real-world survey data received well established, front-line induction therapies. Treatment intensity was determined by age, comorbidities and performance status, as recommended by guidelines.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF ANATOMICAL LOCATION WITHIN THE LONGISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE ON OVERALL TENDERNESS AND ON THE CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN

Overall tenderness and the concentration and solubility of intramuscular collagen of muscle samples from various locations along the longitudinal axis of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of 12 steer carcasses were determined. Results indicated that neither overall tenderness nor the concentration of intramuscular collagen differed among the anatomical locations evaluated. However, regression analysis showed that the percent soluble collagen increased with location anterior to posterior. Thus, the present study indicates that anatomical locations can differ in percent soluble collagen without differing in either total collagen content or overall tenderness. Key words: Beef, anatomical location, tenderness, collagen content, collagen solubility

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Morphological Characteristics of Trenching around MnS Inclusions in Type 316 Stainless Steel: The Role of Molybdenum in Pitting Corrosion Resistance

The role of Mo alloying in the pit initiation process at MnS inclusions in stainless steels was investigated by measuring polarization curves, depassivation pH, and scanning electron microscopy. Molybdenum existed in the steel matrix but was not detected in the MnS inclusions in Type 316 stainless steel. While Mo alloying did not inhibit the dissolution of the MnS inclusions in a NaCl solution, neither a metastable nor a stable pit occurred in the small areas with the MnS inclusions in the Mo-added specimen. The MnS/steel matrix boundary preferentially dissolved in the Mo-free specimen, with deep trenches formed. However, no deep trench was observed in the Mo-added specimen at low potentials. The depassivation pH of the Mo-added specimen in a 0.1 M NaCl-1 mM Na2S2O3 solution was lower than that of the Mo-free specimen, suggesting that Mo alloying prevents the depassivation of the steel matrix at the boundary and inhibits the formation of trenches. In a 1 M HCl-1 mM Na2S2O3 solution, the active dissolution rate of the steel was suppressed by Mo alloying. This suggests that, even after trenching at high potentials, Mo alloying inhibits the initiation of pitting inside the trenches.

Topic: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Subfield: Metals and Alloys
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding leisure time and leisure space in contemporary Japanese society

Recent accounts of trends in leisure in contemporary Japan published in English have been descriptive, often atheoretical and largely statistical accounts using information derived from government sponsored surveys and documents. Underpinning these accounts has been an overly sanguine view of social and economic progress and an undifferentiated conception of Japanese society. In addition, little critical consideration has been given to the processes by which the official statistics are produced. The particular theoretical and methodological challenges thrown down in understanding leisure in contemporary Japanese society are briefly discussed in the light of a consideration of the above criticisms.

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
InSAR stack of the 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake from Envisat descending track 399 processed with Gamma

A stack of unwrapped interferograms on Wells, Nevada for the 2008 Wells earthquake. Sensor: Envisat ASAR descending track 399 frame 2871 Time: 2007.07.09 - 2008.09.01, 11 acquisitions, 51 interferograms Processor: GAMMA A minimum coherence of 0.3 is chosen during phase unwrapping, thus the low coherent pixels are assigned the zero phase value (green in the unwrapPhase_wrap.png). Tropospheric delay estimated from ERA-5 using PyAPS is attached. This is an input dataset for the time series analysis with MintPy.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun 1926

Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926 (Figs 25–27) Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926: 297 Examined specimens. 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaity Fruit Farm, 22.iv. 2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 15.x–30.xi.2004 (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 22.iv.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, 1♀, Jazan, Farasan Island, Aziz Yousef Village, 2–15.iii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC); 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 14–28.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. E. cistanchei was described from Egypt and is further recorded from Israel and United Arab Emirates (Peck 1988; Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. This species was reared from the stems of Cistanche phelypae (L.) Cout. (Orobanchaceae), which is an obligate parasitic plant used locally as food (Dirickx 1994). E. cistanchei could be associated with C. phelypae (Table 2) which is recorded from Jazan, Farasan Island by Rahman et al. (2002) and from Jazan mainland by Masrahi (2012) but this needs confirmation as there is no record of E. cistanchei being reared from C. phelypae in Saudi Arabia.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pla2g5 contributes to viral-induced lung inflammation through macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment

Macrophages expressing group V phospholipase A (Pla2g5) release the Free fatty acid (FFA) linoleic acid (LA), potentiating lung type 2 inflammation. Although Pla2g5 and LA increase in viral infections, their role remains obscure. We generated Pla2g5 mice, deleted Pla2g5 by using the Cx3Cr1 transgene, and activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-Macs) with Poly:IC, a synthetic double-stranded RNA that triggers a viral-like immune response, Poly:IC+LA, and known Pla2g5-dependent stimuli (IL-4, LPS+IFNg and IL-33+IL-4+GM-CSF) followed by lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis. In absence of Pla2g5 , PolyI: IC-activated BM-Macs had a reduction of major bioactive lipids and critical enzymes producing those bioactive lipids. Additionally, AKT phosphorylation was reduced in Poly:IC stimulated BM-Macs lacking Pla2g5, which was not restored by adding LA to Poly:IC. Furthermore, Pla2g5 ; Cx3cr1 mice had diminished Poly:IC-induced lung inflammation, including inflammatory macrophage proliferation; adding LA to Poly:IC partially restored lung inflammation. Additionally, mice lacking FFA receptor-1, ( Ffar1 )-null mice had reduced Poly: IC-induced lung cell recruitment, not corrected by LA. Thus, Pla2g5 contributes to Poly: IC-induced lung inflammation by regulating inflammatory macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The value of middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery Doppler indices in assessment of fetal well-being and prediction of neonatal outcome in IUGR and preeclampsia

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices in predicting fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Study design It was a prospective study. Patients and methods One hundred and twenty-one pregnant women were categorized into four groups: group A, preeclampsia without IUGR group (38 cases); group B, IUGR without preeclampsia group (24 cases); group C, preeclampsia complicated with IUGR group (19 cases); and group D, the control group (40 cases). The perinatal outcomes correlated to the results of UA and MCA Doppler indices and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). The accuracy of UA and MCA Doppler indices and CPR in the prediction of adverse outcome was calculated. Results Adverse neonatal outcome in group A was significantly correlated to UA-resistance index (RI) and UA-pulsatility index (PI) (r=0.537, P<0.001; r=0.405, P=0.0116, respectively). However, it showed no significant correlation with other parameter of Doppler indices and CPR. In group B, it was significantly correlated to all Doppler parameters indices and CPR. UA-RI and CPR were stronger parameters, to predict adverse neonatal outcome, than other parameters, with r-value of 0.869 and 0.803, respectively. In group C, it was significantly correlated to UA-RI and UA-PI, MCA-RI, and CPR. However, it showed no significant correlation with MCA-peak systolic velocity. CPR and UA-RI were stronger parameters, to predict adverse neonatal outcome, than other parameters, with r-value of 0.677 and 0.631, respectively. In group D, it was significantly correlated to UA-RI, UA-PI, and CPR. However, it showed no significant correlation with other parameters of Doppler indices. UA-RI and UA-PI were stronger parameters, to predict adverse neonatal outcome, than CPR, with r-value of 0.789 and 0.787, respectively. Conclusion The primary aim of antepartum surveillance is timely recognition of fetal compromise to enable appropriate intervention and to prevent further serious complications. MCA and UA Doppler indices are good utilities for the assessment of fetal well-being and prediction of neonatal outcome in pregnant women with IUGR and/or preeclampsia. CPR and MCA-peak systolic velocity are strong parameters to predict the adverse neonatal outcome in pregnant women with IUGR.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Main Problems of Cognitive Linguistics

The article highlights the main problems of cognitive linguistics, its goals, object and subject of research, theoretical and methodological principles, based on the analysis of scientific works of famous scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of cognitive science. The theoretical and methodological basis of cognitive linguistics is based on such influential theories as frame semantics, conceptual semantics, prototype theory, the theory of relevance, the theory of cognitive models and cognitive metaphor, the theory of mental spaces. The main principles of cognitive linguistics are anthropocentrism, interdisciplinarity and recognition of the cognitive and communicative functions of the language as the main ones. The main problems of cognitive linguistics are the problems of knowledge structures’ representation, the verbalization of concepts and their typology, the cognitive-discursive approach to the analysis of language units and text, the method of cognitive modeling, etc.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sand ridge morphology and bedform migration patterns derived from bathymetry and backscatter on the inner-continental shelf offshore of Assateague Island, USA

Abstract The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration conducted geophysical and hydrographic surveys, respectively, along the inner-continental shelf of Fenwick and Assateague Islands, Maryland and Virginia over the last 40 years. High resolution bathymetry and backscatter data derived from surveys over the last decade are used to describe the morphology and presence of sand ridges on the inner-continental shelf and measure the change in the position of smaller-scale (10–100 s of meters) seafloor features. Bathymetric surveys from the last 30 years link decadal-scale sand ridge migration patterns to the high-resolution measurements of smaller-scale bedform features. Sand ridge morphology on the inner-shelf changes across-shore and alongshore. Areas of similar sand ridge morphology are separated alongshore by zones where ridges are less pronounced or completely transected by transverse dunes. Seafloor-change analyses derived from backscatter data over a 4–7 year period show that southerly dune migration increases in magnitude from north to south, and the east-west pattern of bedform migration changes ~ 10 km north of the Maryland-Virginia state line. Sand ridge morphology and occurrence and bedform migration changes may be connected to observed changes in geologic framework including topographic highs, deflated zones, and sand availability. Additionally, changes in sand ridge occurrence and morphology may help explain changes in the long-term shoreline trends along Fenwick and Assateague Islands. Although the data presented here cannot quantitatively link sand ridges to sediment transport and shoreline change, it does present a compelling relationship between inner-shelf sand availability and movement, sand ridge occurrence and morphology, geologic framework, and shoreline behavior.

Topic: Geological formations and processes
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Novel Diamidines with Activity against Babesia divergens <i>In Vitro</i> and Babesia microti <i>In Vivo</i>

ABSTRACT Dicationic diamidines, such as diminazene and pentamidine, are well-studied chemotherapeutic agents with significant activity against parasitic diseases. The in vitro activities of novel diamidine compounds against the Babesia divergens strains 1903B and 4201 were investigated. The most potent compound, a diphenyl furan, had a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 1.5 ng/ml. In a murine model, several test compounds were effective enough to cure mice infected with Babesia microti at a dose of 12.5 and/or 25 mg/kg of body weight given by the subcutaneous route for 4 days. The best antibabesial properties were exhibited by terphenyls, benzimidazoles, diphenyl furans, pentamidine, and pentamidine analogues.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Organizational Divergence in the Meat Industry: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Chile.

This study compares the beef, pork and poultry sectors of the United States and Chile to identify similarities and differences in patterns of industrial organization (concentration and mechanisms of vertical integration). The principal determinants of organizational structures are discussed. The similarities found in the sectors of both countries can be explained in terms of market imperfections, production technology, transaction costs and principal-agent theory. Nevertheless, important differences exist between the two countries, especially with respect to mechanisms of vertical control. To explain these differences it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of each country’s economic and institutional environments, factors that to date have been infrequently examined in the literature relevant to the sectors. Este estudio compara la organizacion industrial de los sectores productores de vacunos, cerdos y aves de los Estados Unidos y Chile, con objeto de identificar similitudes y diferencias en los patrones de organizacion industrial (concentracion y mecanismos de coordinacion vertical). Luego, se discuten los principales determinantes de dicha organizacion. Las similitudes encontradas entre los paises y sectores considerados pueden ser explicadas a traves de conceptos y modelos tales como imperfecciones de mercado, tecnologias de produccion, costos de transaccion y teoria de agencia. Sin embargo, existen importantes diferencias en la organizacion de las industrias de Chile y Estados Unidos, especialmente respecto a los mecanismos de coordinacion vertical. Para explicar estas diferencias es necesario considerar las particularidades en el ambiente economico e institucional, variables que hasta la fecha han sido escasamente consideradas por la literatura especializada.

Topic: Agricultural and Food Production Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
TROPES OF DISABILITIES, MOTIFS OF SURVIVAL IN JOHN MAXWELL COETZEE’S AGE OF IRON AND DISGRACE

Readers and critics of South African Literature, until 1990, are very familiar with the &#13;\nliterature of that country which gave due attention to the malaises of chronic racial abuses &#13;\nand other vices that prevailed while the apartheid system subsisted. With the official closure &#13;\nof that regime in 1994, the engagement naturally diverts to the survival of a nation that &#13;\nwas coming out of decades of social injuries and strife. This paper, in an intertextual study &#13;\nof Age of Iron (1990) and Disgrace (1999), picks out John Maxwell Coetzee as one of the &#13;\nwriters of South Africa descent that has responded to the experiences of the nation in the &#13;\naftermath of the apartheid experience. The paper interrogates Coetzee’s uses of tropes and &#13;\nmotifs in his concern about the survival of his nation in the nascent post-apartheid era as &#13;\nreflected in his mirroring of the crimes of apartheid and its ramified consequences. After &#13;\nisolating the diverse tropes deployed by the novelist to objectify the inhuman experience &#13;\nand the consequent personal and national traumas of that era, the paper concludes by &#13;\naggregating the tenets of acceptance, forgiveness, and atonement as core indispensable &#13;\nvalues for a nation in search of healing

Topic: South African History and Culture
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Racial Differences in Free Radical Scavenging Enzyme Activity in Children

Oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in multiple pediatric neurologic diseases. Five intracellular free radical scavenging enzymes and three trace elements provide a significant portion of the body's defenses against free radical-mediated injury. Although the effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the body's antioxidant defenses have been described, no study has examined whether racial differences exist. This pilot study sought to determine the effect of racial differences on the activity of five free radical scavenging enzymes and the concentrations of three associated trace elements in normal, healthy American children. The erythrocyte and plasma activities of five major free radical scavenging enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and plasma concentrations of three associated trace elements (selenium, copper, and zinc) were determined for 83 healthy American children, aged 1 to 18 years. One- and two-way interactions of race, age, and sex with each dependent variable were analyzed. African-Americans had higher erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, and selenium and copper concentrations than Caucasians. Racial inequalities do exist in free radical scavenging enzyme activity and trace element concentration in healthy children. African-American children had higher activity in the two most important free radical scavenging enzymes used by the brain compared to age- and sex-matched Caucasian children. Future clinical research in free radical-mediated pediatric neurologic diseases needs to consider race along with age and sex in both study design and data analysis. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:382-387).

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Volksschriften für Volk und Bürger

Abstract In the 1840 s, a new type of educational association ( Bildungsverein ) emerged in the form of the secular Volksschriftenvereine . The publications of these societies clearly show their heterogeneity in terms of content and program. At the same time, the publications ensured the integration of the genre of folk-literature ( Volksliteratur ) into the existing traditional literary and literary-critical discourse, establishing it in the literary field.

Topic: German Literature and Culture Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences