jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Infection of cryptosporidium in child patients with diarhea in Changsha].

Fecal specimens were collected from 102 outpatients with diarrhea in Children's Hospital from March to October, 1997. The fecal smears were examined for cryptosporozoites with the rapid modified acid-fast two-step methods. The positive rate was 4.90%(5/102). There was no significant difference between female and male (P > 0.05). The positive rates of 1-month-, 5-year-, and 10-year-old groups were 4.05% (3/74), 7.14%(1/14), and 7.14(1/14), respectively. We conclude that there is crytosporidium infection in child patients with diarrhea in different sex and age groups.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Stress echocardiography: it is all in the contrast!].

The availability of myocardial contrast echocardiography has potential for several applications in coronary disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated a good correlation between measurements of myocardial blood flow and regional contrast intensity, and therefore capabilities of myocardial contrast echocardiography in detecting myocardial ischemia during stress. Recently, clinical studies have confirmed the value of this new technique in comparison with radionuclide imaging.

Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determinants of Bank selection : A study of undergraduate students in the University of Ghana

Purpose: The aim of this study is twofold: first, to investigate bank selection criteria among undergraduate students in the University of Ghana, and second, to relate this study with previous findings on the same phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: Extant studies have adopted mainly quantitative approach. In order to bridge this gap and contribute to existing knowledge, qualitatively inspired research design was adopted, thus facilitating in-depth understanding of the determinants of bank selection. Findings: findings show that convenience, bank staff-customer relations and banking services/financial benefits are the first three most important determining factors. Furthermore, happiness, joyfulness, cheerfulness and delight are feelings derived after a banking service; whiles sadness, anger and deceit are avoided. Originality/value: studies on the bank selection criteria employed by undergraduates are scanty in West Africa, and this study makes a contribution in that direction. Future studies will continue from this one.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.

Capecitabine is at least as effective as 5-Fluorouracil in the postoperative treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma. Considering the trend for improved loco-regional recurrence-free survival rate in the capecitabine arm, it seems that the drug exerts better synergy with radiotherapy in this situation.

Topic: Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantitative Assessment of Femoral Head Perfusion Following Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty

Background: Disruption of the arterial supply to the femoral head, and subsequent development of femoral head osteonecrosis, is of serious concern with intracapsular hip procedures. However, the effect of arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty on femoral head perfusion is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects of both standard and posterosuperior extension of arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty on femoral head vascularity. We hypothesized that extension of the superior resection zone posteriorly would negatively affect femoral head perfusion. Methods: In 12 cadaveric pelvic specimens, we cannulated the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA). One hip per pelvis was randomly selected to be in 1 of 2 experimental groups based on the superior extent of the osteochondroplasty: standard resection (resection anterior to the 12 o’clock [0° of 360°] position) or extended resection (resection extended posterior to the 12 o’clock position). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained prior to and following arthroscopic resection to delineate the resection margins. Gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was quantified in the femoral head by volumetric analysis using custom software. A polyurethane compound was injected and gross dissection of the vasculature was performed. Results: Extension of the osteochondroplasty posteriorly (the extended-resection group), to a mean of 41.3° (range, 34° to 47°) posterior to the 12 o’clock position, decreased femoral head perfusion by a mean of 28% (range, 18% to 38%). The standard-resection group demonstrated a mean decrease in femoral head perfusion of 7% (range, 4% to 11%). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation (correlation coefficient, −0.877; p &lt; 0.001; R 2 = 0.747). For every 1° that the superior resection margin extended posteriorly, a corresponding 0.88% decrease in femoral head perfusion was found. Conclusions: Femoral head perfusion is almost fully maintained with arthroscopic osteochondroplasty when the superior resection margin is anterior to the 12 o’clock position. Perfusion is also well maintained if the superior resection margin is extended no more than 10° posterior to 12 o’clock. Further posterior extension correlated with greater decreases in femoral head perfusion. Clinical Relevance: Our study provides previously unreported quantitative MRI data on femoral head perfusion following arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty for the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation, Characteristics, and Controlled Release Efficiency of the Novel PCL-PEG/EM Rod Micelles

In order to achieve sustained and controlled release of the hydrophobic cargoes, improve the bioavailability, and reduce the side effects of antibiotics, the model drug erythromycin (EM) was used to prepare polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG)/EM micelles. PCL-PEG, a biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic polymer, was used as carrier material of micelles to optimize the formulation and preparation process by orthogonal design. The morphology, stability, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency and the in vitro release behavior of the micelles were investigated. In addition, activity assays of anti-Staphylococcus aureus were performed. The results indicated that PCL-PEG/EM were rod-like micelles with an average particle size of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mn>220</a:mn> <a:mo>±</a:mo> <a:mn>2.6</a:mn> </a:math> nm and a zeta potential of +19 mV. The average drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were approximately 6.5% and 97.0%, respectively. The micelles were stable in the serum within three days. At the effective concentration of the drug, the formulation indicated no apparent toxicity to the cells. The micelles were able to rapidly enter Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and to provide sustained release cargoes that effectively inhibited S. aureus proliferation. The present study provided a new platform for the rational and effective use of hydrophobic antibiotics to treat infections.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2017409: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Temporal Alterations in CD8+ T Cells During the Progression From Stage 1 to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes

CD8+ T cells are perceived to play a major role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we characterized the function and phenotype of circulating CD8+ memory T cells in samples from individuals at different stages of T1D progression using flow cytometry and single-cell multiomics. We observed two distinct CD8+ T-cell signatures during progression of T1D within the highly differentiated CD27−CD8+ memory T-cell subset. A proinflammatory signature, with an increased frequency of IFN-γ+TNF-α+ CD27−CD8+ memory T cells, was observed in children with newly diagnosed T1D (stage 3) and correlated with the level of dysglycemia at diagnosis. In contrast, a coinhibitory signature, with an increased frequency of KLRG1+TIGIT+ CD27−CD8+ memory T cells, was observed in islet autoantibody-positive children who later progressed to T1D (stage 1). No alterations within CD27−CD8+ memory T cells were observed in adults with established T1D or in children during the initial seroconversion to islet autoantibody positivity. Single-cell multiomics analyses suggested that CD27−CD8+ T cells expressing the IFNG+TNF+ proinflammatory signature may be distinct from those expressing the KLRG1+TIGIT+ coinhibitory signature at the single-cell level. Collectively, our findings suggest that distinct blood CD8+ T-cell signatures could be employed as potential biomarkers of T1D progression. Article Highlights

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chemical and orientational imaging of polymeric samples

We have used the Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope at beamline X1A (X1-STXM) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to acquire high resolution, chemical and orientation sensitive images of polymeric samples as well as point spectra from 0.1 μm areas. This sensitivity is achieved by exploiting the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) of the carbon K edge. One of the most illustrative example of the chemical sensitivity achievable is provided by images of a polycarbonate/pol(ethylene terephthalate) (70/30 PC/PET) blend. Contrast reversal at high overall contrast is observed between images acquired at 285.36 and 285.69 eV (Fig. 1). Contrast in these images is achieved by exploring subtle differences between resonances associated with the π bonds (sp hybridization) of the aromatic groups of each polymer. PET has a split peak associated with these aromatic groups, due to the proximity of its carbonyl groups to its aromatic rings, whereas PC has only a single peak.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abnormal features of peripheral blood films from Gambian children with malaria

SUMMARYA series of peripheral blood films taken from Gambian children with either acute or low-grade Plasmodium falciparum infections were examined for abnormal features of the red and white cells. Hypochromia and polychromasia with cytoplasmic stippling were predominant features in both groups. Lymphocytosis, granulocytosis and plasmacytosis were common white cell abnormalities. An additional feature in films from patients with acute malaria was the presence of numerous atypical lymphocytes. A comparison of the features in the two groups indicated that some abnormalities are associated with an acute attack of malaria and that others have a nutritional or genetic aetiology.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from microRNA-451 Regulates Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Production and Proliferation of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; microRNAs (miRNA) are small RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recent evidence has shown that some miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association of miRNA expression with clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Expression of 250 human mature miRNAs was measured by real-time PCR on paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 21 patients with gastric cancer stage III uniformly treated with surgical resection followed by chemoradiation. We identified the miRNAs correlated with disease-free and overall survival times, and the results were evaluated including 24 other patients. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; cell proliferation and radiosensitivity studies were done to support clinical data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results revealed that down-regulation of miR-451 was associated with worse prognosis. miR-451 was detected by &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization in epithelial cells and showed decreased expression in gastric and colorectal cancer versus nontumoral tissues. Overexpression of miR-451 in gastric and colorectal cancer cells reduced cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. Microarray and bioinformatic analysis identified the novel oncogene macrophage migration inhibitory factor (&lt;i&gt;MIF&lt;/i&gt;) as a potential target of miR-451. In fact, overexpression of miR-451 down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of MIF and decreased expression of reporter genes with &lt;i&gt;MIF&lt;/i&gt; target sequences. Moreover, we found a significant inverse correlation between miR-451 and &lt;i&gt;MIF&lt;/i&gt; expression in tumoral gastric biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings support the role of miR-451 as a regulator of cancer proliferation and open new perspectives for the development of effective therapies for chemoradioresistant cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biochemical Role of Pyrethroids on Male Fertility and Seminal Profile of Rat

A total number of 80 Wister male rats, 9 -wk. old were taken, weighed and divided into four experimental groups to investigate the effect of Deltamethrin (DLM) oral administration (0.87, 8.7 and 17.4 mg/kg B.W) for a period of 9 weeks on reproductive organs and fertility indices of Wister male rats. The results indicated that DLM caused a significant reduction in Testis weights, sperm count, motility and viability and fructose in semen. Also induced decreases in serum FSH, LH and Estradiol levels however increase in sperm abnormalities. These results indicated that DLM is a toxic pyrethroid pesticide that produced significant reproductive toxicity in treated male rats as revealed by the severely affected parameters

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Modelling of unexpected shift in SPC

Optimal statistical process control (SPC) requires models of both in-control and out-of-control process states. Whereas a normal distribution is the generally accepted model for the in-control state, there is a doubt as to the existence of reliable models for out-of-control cases. Various process models, available in the literature, for discrete manufacturing systems (parts industry) can be treated as bounded discrete-space Markov chains, completely characterized by the original in-control state and a transition matrix for shifts to an out-of-control state. The present work extends these models by using a continuous-state Markov chain, incorporating non-random corrective actions. These actions are to be realized according to the SPC technique and should substantially affect the model. The developed stochastic model yields a Laplace distribution of a process mean. An alternative approach, based on the Information theory, also results in a Laplace distribution. Real-data tests confirm the applicability of a Laplace distribution for the parts industry and show that the distribution parameter is mainly controlled by the SPC sample size.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Understanding and supporting young adults through the 'quarterlife crisis'

Introduction: Transitions to adulthood typically involve searching for a life partner, settling on an occupation, and discovering ‘who one is’. Some find this transition difficult and experiences panic, loss, and uncertainty. The term ‘quarterlife crisis’ has been applied to such experiences. &#13;\nAim: This thesis aimed to understand the experience of ‘quarterlife crisis’ among young people from two cultural groups: UK and India. The objectives were to identify the triggers for, and forms of, ‘quarterlife crisis’, responses and coping strategies to crisis; and how we may prevent ‘quarterlife crises’ and / or lessen its burden on young people. &#13;\nMethods: Young people aged 22-30 years from India (n=8) and the UK (n=16), who identified with experiencing challenges making their ‘transitions to adulthood’, were recruited. Data generation was highly participant-led, supported through a novel combination of photo-elicitation and time-line interviewing. Data was subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, supported through use of participant generated images.&#13;\nFindings: Four themes were generated explicating the crisis experience - Smooth navigation and self-fulfilment, Perceived standards and unfulfilled expectations, Becoming and knowing oneself and Forced ‘adulthood’/independence. Participants’ expectations about the transition to adulthood were often not met. At the crux of the crisis experience was feeling stagnant, unprepared and overwhelmed, experienced differently based on cultural and educational background. People deployed both personal and social resources in response to their crisis. Getting reassurance about their personal capabilities or skills and developing new perspective of their transitional experiences appeared particularly helpful. &#13;\nConclusion: Findings appeal for greater sensitivity to social, cultural, economic and political contexts that influence the ‘quarterlife crisis’, and call for rethinking of development theories which propose a linear progression to adulthood. How we can best support young people in their transition should be the responsibilities of policy-makers, educational institutions, families and young people themselves.

Topic: Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Best Practices of Library and Information Centre: A Case Study of B.S Abdur Rahman University, Chennai

The article stress the importance of libraries in the academic system and what are the innovative services are being implemented in the parent institution to utilize the collections more effectively and efficiently. University Grants Commission (UGC) is giving much importance to the library and information centres and draft line has been framed through National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) for the best practices to be followed in the libraries, which enhance the library users to explore more for their research and academic need.

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Dataset and Baseline Models to Detect Human Postural States Robustly against Irregular Postures

In many visual applications, we often encounter people with irregular postures, such as lying down. Many approaches adopted two-step methods to handle a person with irregular postures: 1) person detection and 2) posture prediction based on the detected person. However, it is challenging to detect irregular postures because the existing detectors were trained with datasets consisting of most upright postures. Therefore, we propose a new Irregular Human Posture (IHP) dataset to handle various postures captured from real-world surveillance cameras. The IHP dataset provides sufficient annotations to understand the posture of person, including segmentation, keypoints, and postural states. This paper also provides two baseline net-works for postural state estimation of the people trained on the IHP dataset. Moreover, we show that our baseline networks effectively detect the people with irregular postures that may be in an urgent situation in a surveillance environment.

Topic: Human Pose and Action Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Looking at lipids with lasers

Organic Geochemistry
The remnants of microbial lipids preserved in sediments provide reliable records of past aquatic environments. Extracting trace amounts of these molecules from sediment cores is often tricky and requires a large amount of material, which causes the time resolution of these records to be rather coarse. Wormer et al. used a high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled to a laser ionization source to track variations of nanogram levels of archaeal tetraethers at a resolution of ∼4 years. Tiny variations in lipid structure and abundance in sediments from the Mediterranean Sea with ages of over 10,000 years show that planktonic archaea there were strongly influenced by ∼200-year-long solar cycles.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10.1073/pnas.1405237111 (2014).

Topic: Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Jamaican hypertension prevalence study.

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in Jamaica. Jamaica has an area of 4,411 square miles and is divided into 14 parishes. The visited districts were randomly selected. The sample population was selected based upon a two-stage stratified random sampling design. Each dwelling in the "Sampling Universe" had an equal probability of being selected. The survey team spent a week in the districts in each parish selected. Employing the Statistical Institute of Jamaica's (STATIN) two-stage stratified random sampling design, preselected house-holds were visited. Non-response was documented and considered in the final analysis. Only individuals 15 years and older were allowed to participate in the study. The 2,064 subjects who participated were the basis for estimates of hypertension. Following logistic regression analysis, the main risk factors for hypertension are being female, advancing age, obesity, having diabetes and having a family history of hypertension. Jamaica has a point prevalence of hypertension of 30.8% in the 15-and-over age group. These findings would greatly assist in formulating policies to deal with this scourge of society.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dedication of Fermilab's LHC Remote Operations Center

Fermilab's Remote Operations Center will be dedicated simultaneously at Fermilab in the U.S. and from CMS (Point 5) in Cessy, France. Speakers will include: from the U.S. DOE Undersecretary for Science Raymond Orbach and Fermilab Director Pier Oddone (U.S.); and from CERN Director General Robert Aymar, CMS Spokesperson Jim Virdee, LHC Project Leader Lyn Evans and US CMS Project Manager Joel Butler.

Topic: Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences