jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unveiling impact of word concepts on Enhancement or Reduction of Spoilage Molds growth and shelf life of strawberries

Aim: In the present study, the objective was to investigate the impact of written words on inhibiting the growth of molds in the cultivation medium and on strawberry fruit. Methods: Two pairs of opposite written words with positive or negative connotations (such as love-hate and peace-war) were selected to study their effects on the inhibition growth of two of the most common fruit molds (Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea) at various incubation periods (ranging from 1 to 5 days) at 25°C. Results: The findings indicated that there were no statistically significant differences (P≥0.05) in the growth of both molds on the medium when exposed to words with opposing meanings. However, when strawberries were inoculated with the mold spores and subjected to written words with positive connotations, such as "love" and "peace," a significant reduction in mold growth was observed (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the presence of the word "love" resulted in the longest shelf life for strawberries contaminated with either A. niger or B. cinerea during cold storage period, with durations of 39 and 28 days, respectively. Conclusion: These findings shed light on unexplored aspects and propose novel perspectives regarding the potential use of written phrases and words to enhance food quality and mitigate fungal contamination in fruits and vegetable products.

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of an Integrated Solar-Wind Power Generator

With the soaring prices for fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, renewable energies become hot energy resources to pursue to sustain the energy consumption demand worldwide.Among different types of renewable energies, solar energy is deemed as a promising energy resource due to the abundancies of solar irradiance and the relatively clean solar panel operation process in generating electricity.Solar power generation is weather dependent, so another type of renewable energy can serve to provide adequate power to sustain the energy demand.Wind power is a good combination together with solar power, so an integrated solar-wind hybrid power generator may be a promising energy technology, especially in regions where weather variations are apparent.It is the purpose of this work to demonstrate an integrated solar-wind power generating system and analyse the performance of such a hybrid power generator.

Topic: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
EmPHasis-10 health-related quality of life score predicts outcomes in patients with idiopathic and connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from a UK multi-centre study

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores assess symptom burden in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but data regarding their role in prognostication and risk stratification are limited. We assessed these relationships using the emPHasis-10 HRQoL measure. 1745 patients with idiopathic or connective tissue disease-associated PAH who had completed emPHasis-10 questionnaires between 2014-17 at 6 UK referral centres were identified. Correlations with exercise capacity and WHO functional class (FC) were assessed, and exploratory risk stratification thresholds were tested. Moderate correlations were seen between emPHasis-10 scores and 6-minute walk distance (r=-0.546), incremental shuttle walking distance (r=-0.504) and WHO FC (r=0.497; p all &lt;0.0001). Distribution of emPHasis-10 differed significantly between each WHO FC (p all &lt;0.0001). At multivariate analysis, emPHasis-10, but not WHO FC, was an independent predictor of mortality. In a risk stratification approach, scores of 0-16, 17-33 and 34-50 identified incident patients with oneyear mortality of 5%, 10% and 23%, respectively. Survival of patients in WHO FC III could be further stratified using an emPHasis-10 score ≥34 (p&lt;0.01). At follow-up, patients with improved emPHasis10 had improved exercise capacity (p&lt;0.0001), and patients who transitioned risk groups demonstrated similar survival to patients originally in those risk groups. The emPHasis-10 score is an independent prognostic marker in patients with idiopathic or connective tissue disease-associated PAH. It has utility in risk stratification in addition to currently used parameters. Improvement in emPHasis-10 score is associated with improved exercise capacity.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expression of co-stimulation molecule B7-H4 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to prognosis

[Objective:] To investigate the expression distribution and its relationship to prognosis of co-stimulation molecule B7 homolog4 (B7-H4) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). [Methods:] The study selected paraffin-embedded blocks of cancerous tissues from 99 cases of OTSCC patients and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 30 OTSCC patients, all of which were archived by the Department of Pathology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2006 and December 2018. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the B7-H4 expression in cancerous tissue and the para-cancerous tissue. Chi-square test was used to obtain the correlation between the B7-H4 expression in OTSCC tissues and clinical pathological features. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method) was used to analyze the association between B7-H4 expression and patient overall survival (OS). Cox model was used to analyze the correlation between clinical pathological features and patient prognosis. [Results:] The immunohistochemistry results showed that B7-H4 was not expressed or low intensity expression in 40 cases (40.4% of the total sample), and high intensity expression in 59 cases (59.6% of the total sample) of OTSCC tissues. The results of clinical pathology data analysis in 99 patients with OTSCC showed that the expression of B7-H4 was correlated with clinical stage (P<0.001), and the expression of B7-H4 was correlated with N stage (P<0.001); Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the OS of patients with higher B7-H4 expression was lower than that of patients with lower B7-H4 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (HR=1.013, 95%CI=1.004-1.022, P<0.05). Uni-factor Cox model analysis indicated that T stage, degree of tissue differentiation, tumor size, and B7-H4 expression were correlated with the prognosis of OTSCC; multi-factor Cox model analysis indicated that B7-H4 high expression (HR=1.015, 95%CI=1.005 3-1.024, P<0.01) and degree of tissue differentiation (HR=1.665, 95%CI=1.004 7-2.760, P<0.05) were independent prognostic factors of OTSCC patients. [Conclusion:] B7-H4 expresses highly in OTSCC and can be used as a major factor in the prognosis evaluation of OTSCC patients.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning for fMRI Analysis to Diagnose Psychiatric Disease

Due to the incomplete nature of cognitive testing data and human subjective biases, accurately diagnosing mental disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data poses a challenging task. In the clinical diagnosis of mental disorders, there often arises a problem of limited labeled data due to factors such as large data volumes and cumbersome labeling processes, leading to the emergence of unlabeled data with new classes, which can result in misdiagnosis. In the context of graph-based mental disorder classification, open-world semi-supervised learning for node classification aims to classify unlabeled nodes into known classes or potentially new classes, presenting a practical yet underexplored issue within the graph community. To improve open-world semi-supervised representation learning and classification in fMRI under low-label settings, we propose a novel open-world semi-supervised learning approach tailored for functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, termed Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning for fMRI Analysis (OpenfMA). Specifically, we employ spectral augmentation self-supervised learning and dynamic concept contrastive learning to achieve open-world graph learning guided by pseudo-labels, and construct hard positive sample pairs to enhance the network’s focus on potential positive pairs. Experiments conducted on public datasets validate the superior performance of this method in the open-world psychiatric disease diagnosis domain.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CD73 alleviates GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in spinal cord injury through PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation-induced secondary injury is an important cause of sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an essential step of neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether CD73, a widely accepted immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit pyroptosis via mediating GSDMD. Methods CD73 deficient mice and LPS induced BV2 cells were respectively used to illustrate the effect of CD73 on macrophages/microglia pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. A combination of molecular and histological methods was performed to assess pyroptosis and explore the mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. Results We showed molecular evidence for CD73 suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in macrophages/microglia. Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A 2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation. Importantly, we determine that CD73 inhibits the expression of GSDMD at the transcriptional level through Foxo1. What’s more, we confirm the accumulation of HIF-1α promotes the overexpression of CD73 after SCI, and the increased CD73 in turn upregulates the expression of HIF-1α, eventually forming a positive feedback regulatory loop. Conclusion Our data reveal a novel function of CD73 on microphages/microglia pyroptosis, suggesting a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating the disease process in SCI.

Topic: Spinal Cord Injury Research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metformin protects against hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocytes injury by inhibiting the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end products and high mobility group box 1 protein

Metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic oral drug with antioxidant properties, has been proved to provide cardioprotective effects in patients with diabetic disease. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimd to investigate the effects of MET on the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in hyper- glycemia-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Car- diocytes were prepared and cultured with high glucose and different concentrations of MET. The expressions of RAGE and HMGB1 were evaluated by Western blot ana- lysis. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), lactate dehy- drogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. After 12 h-incubation, MET significantly inhibited the increase of MDA, TNF-a, LDH and CK levels induced by high glucose, especially at the 5 9 10 -5 to 10 -4 mol/L concentrations while inhibiting the decrease of SOD level. Meanwhile, RAGE and HMGB1 expression were signifi- cantly increased induced by hyperglycaemia for 24 h (P  0.05). MET inhibited the expressions of RAGE and HMGB1 in a dose-dependent manner, especially at the 5 9 10 -5 to 10 -4 mol/L concentrations (P  0.05). In conclusion, our study suggested that MET could reduce hyperglycemia-induced cardiocytes injury by inhibiting the expressions of RAGE and HMGB1.

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rodriguez, Sarah B.: Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States. A History of a Medical Treatment. Rochester, University of Rochester Press, 2014. 292 p. $ 70.–. ISBN 978-1-58046-498-7

146 Gesnerus 74 (2017) Eids des Hippokrates.Weitere traditionelle Verhaltensformen und Wertvorstellungen wurden unter dem Etikett der Deontologie verwissenschaftlicht. Darunter versteht Polianski das «selbstreferenzielle Modell ärztlicher Verhaltensnormierung, das beanspruchte, verbindliche Werte und Normen aus sich heraus nach Maßgabe des medizinischen Codes und jenseits von Ideologie und Politik zu generieren».Solches dem Leser hohes Abstraktionsvermögen abverlangende Soziologen-

Topic: Historical Gender and Feminism Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Draft Genome Resources Sequences of Six <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> Strains Isolated from <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>deliciosa</i> Leaves in Portugal

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a quarantine bacterium affecting all the Portuguese main areas of kiwifruit production. We report the draft genome of six P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from symptomatic leaves of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa in a study that determined the genetic population structure of the endophytic and epiphytic populations in two consecutive seasons. Average nucleotide identity values were above 99% similarity with reference strains from P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. The genomic differences found between these strains confirm the genetic diversity described for P. syringae pv. actinidiae population in Portugal. Furthermore, data provide evidence that the initial clonal expansion of P. syringae pv. actinidiae in Europe was followed by a genomic diversification constituting a valuable resource for epidemiological and evolutionary studies, namely when adopting strategies for epidemics management.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Inflammatory Bowel Disease:

Abstract Many therapies are available for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Medical therapies include aminosalicylate drugs such as sulfasalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide, and various formulations of mesalamine; antibiotics; corticosteroids; immunosuppressive medications such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), methotrexate, and cyclosporine; and biotechnology medications such as anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and newer agents with different mechanisms of action. This chapter reviews these various treatments and their positions in the treatment algorithms for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Many surgical therapies also are used in patients with IBD, although a detailed review of these options is beyond the scope of this chapter.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Val-Leu-Leu-Tyr (VLLY) Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Cell Impairment by Improving Mitochondrial Fission

Ethanolic gastric mucosal impairment is one of the most common disorders in the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the potential alleviating effects of sea cucumber peptides on Ges-1 impairment caused by ethanol and the associated mechanisms. The sea cucumber peptide VLLY could promote the proliferation and migration of healthy Ges-1 cells. After ethanol injury, VLLY peptide treatment could greatly promote the migration of Ges-1 cells, scavenge intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, reverse mitochondrial fission and F-actin depolymerization, and improve mitochondrial respiration. VLLY peptide restored mitochondrial dynamics by downregulating Drp1 and Fis1 and upregulating Mfn2 against excessive mitochondrial fission. In addition, the VLLY peptide maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, ablated the leakage of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm, upregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-XL, decreased the expression of the proapoptotic factors of Bax, BAD, and cleaved caspase-3, and finally blocked the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. These findings strongly suggested that sea cucumber peptides could promote proliferation and migration of healthy Ges-1 cells and reverse ethanol-induced excess mitochondrial fission and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through the Fis1/Bax pathway, thereby improving ethanol-induced apoptosis. VLLY offers a new perspective for improving the ethanolic gastric mucosal epithelial cell injury.

Topic: Echinoderm biology and ecology
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of near-surface nonstoichiometry on the surface magnetization of mixed-valent manganite: A computer simulation study

A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to examine the effects of near-surface nonstoichiometry in a mixed-valent manganite (e.g., La0.7A0.3MnO3, where A=Sr, Ca) on the magnetization of its surface, and that of a few layers underneath. The nonstoichiometry is introduced either in the form of oxygen vacancy gradient or a gradient in the La:A ratio. The corresponding gradient in the exchange constant J is incorporated phenomenologically from the known phase diagram [P. Schiffer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3356 (1995)]. We show that the near-surface nonstoichiometry can account for the temperature dependence of magnetization of the surface layers as revealed by photoemission and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) experiments [J. Park et al., Nature (London) 392, 794 (1998); J. Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1953 (1998)]. The demagnetization shows viscous fingeringlike protrusions which may have important consequences for spin-polarized transport across interfaces.

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Measuring individual differences in task‐related motivation in children and adolescents: Development and validation of a new self‐report measure

Abstract Objectives Task characteristics can alter motivation. Understanding how individuals respond to these characteristics is important in understanding how to adapt tasks to increase engagement of individuals with mental health problems. We describe the development of a self‐report questionnaire quantifying individual differences in task‐related motivation—The Child and Adolescent Motivational Profile (CHAMP). We explore the association with externalizing/internalizing problems. Methods A 64‐item prototype scale was designed to measure how children and adolescents perceive the motivational significance of a range of task characteristics ( n = 688; age range: 8–16 years). Parents completed the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” measuring externalizing and internalizing problems (Van Widenfelt, Goedhart, Treffers &amp; Goodman, 2003). Results Exploratory factor analysis identified eight distinct task characteristics that affected motivation: (a) requiring focus, (b) predictable, (c) marked/graded, (d) rewarded, (e) socially evaluated, (f) cognitively challenging, (g) competitive, and (h) collaborative. A 32‐item scale based on these factors was constructed. Internal consistency of each factor was high (Cronbach's alpha: .79–.91), and test–retest reliability was acceptable (SBC = .43–.65). Externalizing and internalizing problems were associated with a distinct motivational profile. Conclusion These results highlight the multidimensional nature of children and adolescents' task‐related motivation for tasks and the differential links to internalizing and externalizing problems.

Topic: Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Too much deference to the truly barmy army

At 100 pages of report and 85 of appendixes, Steve Bracks and Co do not say much. The report proudly claims that Australia will, after 2010 if not already, have the lowest tariffs of all car manufacturing nations. While the report correctly notes that the tariff is a tax, it fails to suggest which taxes should be raised to cover loss of revenue. Tariff protection is not, or should not be, an issue in a world of floating exchange rates.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A dedicated place for volume fraud within the current UK economic crime agenda?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how a large UK police force – Greater Manchester Police (GMP) – sought during a period of continuing budget reductions to take a cost-effective approach to certain types of fraud through the establishment of a central Volume Fraud Team (VFT), which in turn would also have wider operational resource benefits across the force. It then explores the decision to merge that team with its existing serious and complex fraud team. Design/methodology/approach The research was undertaken over a period of two years by interview and desk review to explain the internal processes which underpinned the approach and the initial outcomes. It discusses why the approach was short lived as a consequence of other factors. Findings The paper sets out briefly the context of changes to the policing of fraud since 1979 and describes the GMP decision-making processes that established a centralised response to volume fraud and major (serious and complex) fraud. The paper assesses the available data on the approach and whether the changes facilitated a more effective means of addressing fraud and other internal policing priorities. It then discusses the decision in 2014 to merge the staff resources for volume and major frauds in response to identified policy trends in fraud investigations and changes in fraud reporting. Research limitations/implications The single case study is limited in terms of focus and in applicability to the wider law enforcement response to fraud. Practical implications The research discusses practitioner issues arising from the complexities of balancing resources and priorities against changing trends and patterns of criminal activity in a specific area of policing. Originality/value The research is an original study into the internal and external change agendas, and there are, therefore, wider lessons for the policing of fraud in the UK.

Topic: Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Detour to success: photoswitching <i>via</i> indirect excitation

Photoswitching via indirect excitation allows harnessing low-energy photons to control molecular configuration. Herein, the state of the art of the predominant indirect photoswitching methods is presented.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences