jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular magnets based on selected lanthanoids

[ES]: La parte experimental de la tesis se dedica a la preparación de nuevos compuestos de lantánidos Ce(III), Gd(III) y Dy(III) elegidos por sus propriedades magnéticas y tres tipos de ligandos (PDOA, orotato y bapen). Dado que las sistemas heterobimetálicas 3d-4f atraen mucha atención, métales de transición Ni(II), Cu(II) y Co(III) han sido elegidos para la preparación de nuevos compuestos tipo 3d-4f. Se han sintetizado 15 compuestos en la forma de monocristales; las reacciónes del ligando PDOA conducen a la formacción de 7 compuestos, con el ligando orotato han sido preparado 6 compuestos a las reaccíones del sistema con ligando bapen han salido dos compuestos. Se han determinado por difracción de rayos X las estructuras de todos los complejos preparados y estosse han caracterizado mediante espectroscopia infraroja, análisis elementar, si fue possible. En algunos casos la análisis térmica y análisis de polvo con difracción de rayos X han sido aplicadas. A partir del estudio de sus estructuras cristalinas se puede decir que ocho compuestos tiene la estructura polimérica, tres son iónicos y cuatro tienen la estrucutura molecular. En el empaquetamiento final se han estudiados los enlaceds de hidrogeno y las interacciones tipo pi-pi. Las medidas magnéticas se han realizado en cinco muestras. Los compuestos 1 y 2 tienen unas interacciones atiferomagnéticas débiles entre los pares de ionos de lantánidos. El compuesto 3 está bajo de los estúdios; presenta un tipo de SMM. En el caso de compuesto 5 se han observado las interacciones débiles entre los centros de Ce(III) y resultados parecidos fueron obtenidos por las medidas del magnetismo del 14.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Public Health Financing Reforms and Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Global Equity Analysis of 4,368 Country–Years

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background </bold>Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) undermines financial protection and progress towards universal health coverage. Although public financing reforms are widely promoted, their causal impact on CHE—and their equity implications across income groups—remain unclear. <bold>Methods </bold>We assembled a balanced global panel of 4368 country–year observations (2000–2022) with complete data on CHE at the 10% and 25% thresholds (CHE10, CHE25), public financing share of health expenditure, out-of-pocket spending, macroeconomic controls, and poverty rates. Fixed-effects and event-study models estimated the association between increases in public financing share and subsequent changes in CHE, adjusting for time-varying confounders. Mediation analyses tested whether reductions in out-of-pocket payments or changes in poverty explained observed effects. Subgroup, sensitivity, and placebo analyses assessed robustness. <bold>Findings </bold>Each 10-percentage-point increase in public financing share was associated with a 0.9-percentage-point reduction in CHE10 (95% CI −1.6 to −0.1; p=0.02) but not with significant changes in CHE25. Event-study models showed progressive declines in CHE10 after reforms, reaching −3.4 percentage points by year 10 (95% CI −6.0 to −0.8) and −5.9 by year 12 (95% CI −9.8 to −2.0). Equity-stratified analyses revealed disproportionate benefits for the poorest quintile in low- and middle-income countries (reductions of 5–7 percentage points by year 10), while effects were smaller in high-income settings. Mediation analyses indicated that one-third of the effect on CHE10 was explained by declines in out-of-pocket payments, whereas GDP and poverty rates did not attenuate associations. Results were robust across alternative thresholds, lag structures, and placebo tests. <bold>Interpretation </bold>Public health financing reforms are consistently associated with improved financial protection, particularly at the 10% threshold and among poorer households in low-resource settings. Effects are mediated primarily by reductions in out-of-pocket payments, underscoring the importance of pooled prepayment mechanisms. Universal health coverage is unattainable without public financing: every 10% increase shields millions of households—especially the poorest in LMICs—from catastrophic health expenditure. <bold>Funding </bold>No external funding.

Topic: Global Health Care Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Decision Support System to Determine Applicant Housing Credits With SAW Method on the House Complex of J. City Residence by Capital Property

J. City Residence provides subsidized housing loans facilities for people who earn below the average. The number of credit applicants with different criteria requires carefulness of the Credit Analyst in making decisions. This problem can be solved by building a Decision Support System (DSS) in determining the provision of subsidized mortgage loans using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The criteria used are house condition (cost attribute), income (cost attribute), employment (benefit attribute), credit history (benefit attribute) and marital status (benefit attribute). The process is to normalize the credit applicant value matrix, then multiply the results of the normalization by the weight value. If the result of the calculation is above the credit line is not feasible, then the applicant is declared eligible to receive credit. Application can be used to help to determine the eligibility of consumers in obtaining subsidized housing loans with the SAW method in J. City Residence by Capital Property Housing.

Topic: Decision Support System Applications
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigations on the mechanism of stimulation of non-specific immunity by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

The stimulation of non-specific immunity by lipopolysaccharides could not be correlated with the serum properdin level at the time of challenge. Zymosan was effective in stimulating an increase in properdin without raising resistance to infection. The development of a low properdin level during Esch. coli infection did not inevitably lead to death. The fate of (32)P-labelled lipopolysaccharide ((32)P-LP) after intravenous injection was followed in mice and guinea pigs. Most of it was accumulated rapidly in the reticulo-endothelial system. About a third was removed from the blood more slowly than the remainder, probably owing to a smaller particle size. Some of the (32)P was excreted in the urine as inorganic phosphate. Very little radioactivity was found in the circulating leukocytes. The blood clearance of (32)P-LP was slowed by the administration of nonradioactive lipopolysaccharide 30 min. previously. When this interval was 48 hr. the reticulo-endothelial system was found to be hyperactive in terms of rate of clearance and phagocytic capacity. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of active macrophages in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen. These biphasic changes in the phagocytic activity of the R.E.S. parallel the decreased and increased resistance to infection following the injection of microgram amounts of lipopolysaccharide. Successive depression and stimulation of the R.E.S. also followed the injection of milligram amounts of Thorotrast. The hyperactive phase was accompanied by increased resistance to Esch. coli infection and decreased resistance to Salm. typhimurium infection. The lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide was also taken up by the R.E.S. which it stimulated. Resistance to both Esch. coli and Salm. typhimurium infections was enhanced. The basis of lipopolysaccharide-induced non-specific immunity is discussed in relation to changes in the properdin and reticulo-endothelial systems. The superiority of lipopolysaccharide over other colloids in stimulating immunity is considered to be determined by lipid A.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD Langmuir #133742.1

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Printed in Great Britain Early Childhood Mortality in a Brazilian Cohort: The Roles of Birthweight and Socioeconomic Status

The deaths of children aged 1-4 years were studied in a cohort of 5914 Brazilian liveboms. A total of 29 earty childhood deaths were recorded (cumulative mortality risk of approximately 6 per 1000), 17 of which (59%) were due to infectious diseases. The death rate was highest in the second year. Deaths were highly concentrated in children from low income (&amp;lt;USS50/month) families, where the cumulative risk of earty childhood death was about 10 per 1000; on the other hand, there were no deaths among the 616 children from families with a monthly income of US$300 or more. Birth-weight was also associated with mortality: the cumulative risk of children weighing less than 2000 g at birth was 21 per 1000, compared to 4 per 1000 among those with birthweights of 3500 g or more. Simultaneous adjustment for income and birthweight did not substantially change these differentials. These findings confirm the strong association between early childhood mortality and socioeconomic conditions, but also make evident the long-term effects of low birthweight. Compared to the large number of studies on infant mortality, the deaths of children aged 1-4 years—early childhood mortality—have received little attention in less developed countries. This is partly due to the fact that death rates at these ages tend to be lower than dur-

Topic: Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Kinetic of Adjustment of Enzyme Catalytic Concentrations in the Extracellular Space of the Man, the Dog and the Rat. Approach to a Quantitative Diagnostic Enzymology, V. Communication

The high degree of constancy of enzyme catalytic activity in the plasma of a given individual is regulated by a complex system of flux equilibria consisting of eight basic processes. Some of these processes are of primarily theoretic importance. Enzymes from all tissues of the body, including the liver, are released via a continuous physiological process into the interstitial space and get into the intravascular space by way of lymphatic transport. The release of enzymes from tissues directly into the intravascular space is of secondary importance as is the exchange of enzyme molecules across capillary membranes from the intravascular to the interstitial space and vice versa. In contrast, enzymes from circulating blood cells are transported directly into the intravascular space. Enzymes are removed from the intravascular space at rates which vary greatly between both enzymes and species. In a review of the literature, half-lives of diagnostically important enzymes in plasma of man, dogs and rats were given and the striking differences in the results for a given enzyme are discussed from a methodological point of view. In a mathematical analysis, data for lymphatic transport of enzymes from dogs and rats (Lindena et al. (1986) this J. 24, 19-33) and of enzyme efflux from in vivo ageing erythrocytes (Lindena et al. (1986) this J. 24, 49-59) into the plasma are related to the elimination rate constants of enzymes from the plasma. The contribution of lymphatically transported enzymes to the basal catalytic activity in plasma (Lindena & Trautschold (1986) this J. 24, 11-18) amounts to 55-80% for lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, 80-90% for adenylate kinase and phosphohexose isomerase, 90-95% for aspartate aminotransferase and aldolase and 99% for creatine kinase. A model of Ca2+ -mediated vesicular transport of enzymes out of ageing erythrocytes is proposed. The importance of lymphatically transported enzymes to total plasma catalytic activity in dogs and rats argues for a similar contribution of lymph transport in man.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of Driving Cycle Construction Methodology in Malaysia's Urban Road System

This paper presents a driving cycle construction methodology in Malaysia's urban road system by utilizing on-road data collection from Kuala Lumpur. Micro trip cycle construction approach is use in this study to construct driving cycle for Malaysia's urban road system. The driving cycle constructed using this approach is a transient driving cycle similar to WLTC, JC08 and FTP-75 driving cycles, which is experimental based and are more reflecting the actual driving conditions hence has more representatives comparing to polygonal driving cycles such as NEDC and J10-15 mode driving cycles. It was found that the characteristic of the newly developed driving cycle in Malaysia's urban road system has small relative percentages when compared to the target parameters (whole database) hence it is best represent the driving condition in Kuala Lumpur. The cycle construction methodology proposed in this study is appropriate for developing urban driving cycles, though some improvements need to be considered to increase the representativeness of the driving cycle.

Topic: Vehicle emissions and performance
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pefloxacin induced changes in serotonergic innervation and mast cell number in rat salivary glands

Pefloxacin is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Besides its advantageous characteristics, side effects including the hypofunction of salivary glands, decreased saliva production, and peripheral neuropathy were observed during the administration of pefloxacin. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the number of serotonergic immunoreactive fibers and mast cells after pefloxacin treatment in the parotid and sublingual glands of rats to detect the possible neurotoxic effect of pefloxacin. The adult female rats were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pefloxacin for three or seven days (at a concentration of 20 mg/100g body weight) and the serotonergic innervation pattern along with the change in mast cell number were evaluated by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the parotid and sublingual glands. We found that a three-day treatment significantly increased the number of immunoreactive serotonergic nerve fibers, but after a seven-day treatment the number of serotonin positive nerve fibers decreased almost to values of the control group. The alteration of mast cell number was parallel with the changes of the serotonin positive fibers during the treatment. These results suggest that pefloxacin treatment can modify the finely controlled communication between the immune- and the peripheral nervous systems, resulting neurogenic inflammatory process. The background of this process is the altered serotonergic innervation and the increased number of activated mast cells releasing different mediators for example histamine, which can finally lead to reduced number of serotonin positive nerve fibers after a seven-day treatment of pefloxacin leading to atrophy and hypofunction of the salivary glands.

Topic: Mast cells and histamine
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transport Accessibility in a Suburban Zone and Its Influence on the Local Real Estate Market: A Case Study of the Olsztyn Functional Urban Area (Poland)

The development of real estate markets in the vicinity of cities is linked with suburbanization processes. The migration of the population to suburban areas contributes to the growth of the residential property market (houses, apartments and construction plots). To minimize commuting costs, property buyers opt for locations that are situated close to the urban core. This article analyzes construction plots on the local real estate market in the Olsztyn Functional Urban Area, in terms of their temporal accessibility and demographic changes. Spatial variations in population distribution were analyzed with the use of the Gini index and geostatistical interpolation techniques. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationships between the analyzed variables. The study revealed differences in the spatial distribution of the population and real estate transactions as well as strong correlations between average transaction price, number of transactions, commuting time and population. The highest number of transactions were observed in cadastral districts situated in the direct vicinity of Olsztyn’s administrative boundaries and the major transportation routes due to their high temporal accessibility.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Louis Lambert

Sometimes i meet somebody who read Louis Lambert in his 'teens and find that he and I have put it among our sacred books, those books that expound destiny with such a mysterious authority that they furnish texts for pious meditation. Yet Louis Lambert is more or less materialistic; all things originate in a substance which is the common element of electricity, heat, and light. In the brain the animal transforms it, in proportion to the strength of the brain, into will. This will creates out of itself thought and sense and by their means absorbs more and more of the parent substance. Though we speak of five senses there is only one, light, for tasting, hearing, smelling are light or sight transformed by different mutations of the substance. Balzac, who describes his own schooldays when he describes Louis Lambert's, may have found in that library at the Vendôme College, founded by learned Oratorians, the works of Bonaventura and of his contemporary Grosseteste, for to Bonaventura hearing, tasting, smelling are forms of light, while to Grosseteste light confers form upon the First Matter.

Topic: Historical and Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of a downstream C/EBP site on HIV-1 gene expression and pathogenesis

Previous studies have shown that two CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites, upstream of the transcriptional start site, are necessary for subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in cells of the monocytemacrophage lineage. However, no studies have been reported concerning the C/EBP sites within the non-subtype B HIV-1 LTRs or downstream of the transcriptional start site within the subtype B LTR. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMS) analyses demonstrated that one of three putative downstream C/EBP binding sites (downstream element three, DS3) within the subtype B LTR was able to form a DNA-protein complex containing C/EBP[beta]. By utilizing the DS3-9C variant, which exhibits low DNA binding affinity for C/EBP[beta], it has been shown that the DS3 binding site is important for HIV-1 basal transcription. The DS3-9C-containing LTR exhibits a lower basal transcription level and is able to be transactivated by C/EBP[beta]-2 to a lower extent compared to the parental HIV-1 subtype B LTR. However, upon activation with Tat alone or with C/EBP[beta]-2 together, the DS3-9C-containing LTRs exhibit a similar or even greater transcriptional activation than that of the parental LTR. HIV-1 molecular clone viruses containing the DS3-9C C/EBP binding site variant have revealed a decreased replication capacity and a delayed rate of replication. These results suggest that the DS3-9C configuration might be related to virual persistence and reactivation in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Furthermore, one C/EBP binding site has been identified within the subtype C LTR. Subtype B and C LTRs are able to be activated by C/EBP[beta]-2 to similar levels in the monocytic cell line, U-937. The interaction observed between C/EBP[beta]-2 and Tat with the subtype B and C LTRs suggest the functionally important transactivation ability of C/EBP[beta] among different subtypes that, under certain circumstances, may be cell type dependent.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Matilda Effect—Role Congruity Effects on Scholarly Communication

Using role congruity theory as the basis for the study, an analysis of 1,020 articles published 1991-2005 in Communication Research and Journal of Communication, as well as the ISI citations these articles received and the citations these articles included, was conducted. In line with a hypothesized “Matilda effect” (underrecognition of female scientists), articles authored by female communication scientists received fewer citations than articles authored by males. Hypotheses on moderating impacts of research topic, author productivity, and citing author’s sex, as well as on change in the effect’s extent across time were derived from the theoretical framework. Networking conceptualizations led to an additional hypothesis. Five of six hypotheses were supported.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF TUMOR ADHESION TO THE ADJACENT BRAIN TISSUE IN PATIENT WITH MENINGIOMA WITH BSMI METHOD

Abstract Purpose:
To investigate the ability of BSMI, to preoperative
evaluation of tumor adhesion to the adjacent brain tissue in the patient with meningioma and comparing this method to the Width of edema around the tumor, using finding at surgery as the reference standard.
 
Methods:
Thirty Patients with meningioma brain tumor who underwent surgery from Loghman hospital were entered the study between November 2016 and January 2018. The level of edema according to the classification of Ide et al. (1995) compared to the surgical finding Blinded to the results, neurosurgeons made a qualitative assessment  of  tumor  adhesion at the time of resection. The ability of BSMI and level of edema to predict the surgical assessment of adhesion was tested using The Fisher exact test.
 
Results:
BSMI method was performed on patients with meningioma brain tumor, it judged 22 (73.3%) patients as adhesion (+) and 8 (26.66%) patients as adhesion (-). In this case, there was a significance relationship between BSMI judge and surgical findings (p-value<0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy was high, at 91.30%, 85.71%, 94.45% and 90%, respectively. Using T2 sequence, of the 30 patients, 13 (43.3%) were judged as adhesion (+) and 17 (56.7%) as adhesion (-) from edema, whereas surgical findings evaluated 23 (76.7%) as adhesion (+) and 7 (23.3%) as adhesion (-). The sensitivity was moderate but the specificity was high, at 52.17% and 85.71%, respectively. Other criteria such as precision and accuracy were 92.31% and 60%, respectively.
 
Conclusions:
BSMI evaluated adhesion of the tumor to the adjacent brain tissue with high-accuracy presurgicaly. This method was more effective than Edema method in evaluating adhesion between meningioma and the brain.

Topic: Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences