jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parental-Offspring Conflict

Disputes between parents and their young might seem easy enough to spot in everyday human life, but the notion of a general, evolutionary conflict between offspring and their parents has proved surprisingly slippery (reviewed by Godfray 1995). Nevertheless, today, almost four decades since the concept was first proposed by Trivers (1974), parent-offspring conflict has theoretically robust foundations (reviewed by Godfray 1995; Godfray and Johnstone 2000) and there is diverse evidence that it is a significant selective force in nature (although perhaps not always in the ways initially assumed, reviewed by Kilner and Hinde 2008). In a recent review, we showed how information warfare lies at the heart of parent-offspring conflict in many instances. Readers specifically interested in signalling by young animals and their parents, as well as other uses of personal information, may wish to consult Kilner and Hinde 2008 before ploughing ahead here. Our aim in this chapter is to attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary consequences of this conflict for traits in offspring and their parents, focusing relatively little on signalling this time. We start with a quick recap of basic conflict theory before outlining diverse empirical evidence for an evolutionary conflict between parents and their young. Next we consider how conflict might link pairs of traits in parents and their offspring, showing how co-evolution between the two parties becomes focused on these particular characters. We conclude with a discussion about the outcomes of parent-offspring conflict: does it always end in a stable equilibrium between parents and their young, as predicted by the many ‘resolution’ models of conflict? Or is instability widespread, with parents and offspring frequently alternating in who gains the upperhand?

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I on preimplantation trophoderm of the pig

Abstract 12sI-labelled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) and 125I-labelled insulin-like growth factor-I (12SI-IGF-I) bound to trophodenn cells from pig blastocysts obtained on days 15 –19 of pregnancy. Specific binding was detected on freshly isolated cell suspensions and on cells cultured for several days. The binding of 12SI-EGF was inhibited by increasing concentrations of EGF, but not by various other growth factors and hormones. Chemical cross-linking of 12SI-EGF to its receptors using disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) revealed a radiolabelled band of relative molecular mass 160 000, similar to that identified as the EGF receptor in other cell types. The binding of l2iI-IGF-I was inhibited by both IGF-I and insulin, indicating that the receptors were either type I IGF receptors or insulin receptors. Cross-linking of f25I-IGF-I to serum-free supernatants from trophoderm cultures showed that the cells secreted an IGF-binding protein, giving a complex of relative molecular mass about 45 000. The presence of receptors for EGF and IGF/insulin suggests that these factors could be involved in regulating the growth and development of the early blastocyst.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 954154: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
After <i>Filumena</i>: Illegitimacy and Paternity in 1950s’ Italian Women’s Theatre

The issue of illegitimacy was relevant enough to Italian society to appear in a number of plays staged and/or published even after Eduardo de Filippo’s 1946 landmark work Filumena Marturano. This article addresses plays written by Italian women between 1950 and 1960, and treating conflicts arising from the birth of children out of wedlock or suspected to be the product of an extramarital affair. The discussion of the corpus develops with reference to debates regarding the place of illegitimate children in post-war Italian society. Analysis is provided of two plays that present the case of children conceived by unmarried women and a further two treating children who were born to (supposedly) adulterous wives. Through this review of the landscape of post-war drama and society, I isolate the aspects of illegitimacy that come to light in Italian women’s theatre of the 1950s and provide new insights specific to the female-authored corpus.

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Analysis of eleven mineral elements for eight benthic marine diatoms using AAS].

Eleven mineral-elements, Mg, Fe, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd, for eight benthic marine diatoms were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). This method is rapid with high precision and accuracy. The relative standard deviation, correlative coefficient and recovery rate are less then 6.85%, 0.9989-0.9999 and 95%-103%, respectively. The results show that there are high mineral-element levels in the eight benthic diatoms, with Mg>Fe>K>Ca> Mn>Zn among them, while the contents of Ni and Cu are poor, and there are little Pb, Cr and Cd in benthic diatoms. The contents of Mg, K and Mn in Navicula seminulum Grun are maximum elements, with (17.2240 +/- 0.0302) mg x g(-1) SD and (1.7885 +/- 0.0939) mg x g(-1) SD, (0.2253 +/- 0.0011) mg x g(-1) SD respectively. There were the most contents of Fe (4.2314 +/- 0.0309) mg x g(-1) SD and Zn (0.1167 +/- 0.0029) mg x g(-1) SD, Cu (0.0227 +/- 0.0007) mg x g(-1) SD and Ni (0.0147 +/- 0.0005) mg x g(-1) SD in Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var. leptocephala Ostrup. The element of maximum content in Nitzschia sp. was Ca (6.3537 +/- 0.0412 mg x g(-1) SD). The experimental results indicate that the eight benthic diatom species could prove useful feed species for benthic animal species grown in aquaculture such as abalone, sea urchin and sea cucumber.

Topic: Diatoms and Algae Research
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
DĖL (NE)TINKAMO APTARNAVIMO

This article analyzes the question of the correct use of the phrases for the verb aptarnauti or the forms of this verb. The article discusses the semantic structure of these words and their disparate interpretation in the dictionaries of Lithuanian language. The data is collected from the Corpus of Modern Lithuanian Language, the sources of various functional styles, and the survey shows the real usage of the verb aptarnauti (and the noun aptarnavimas). The correctness of the usage of the examples is analyzed and special attention is given to some problematic cases that require more detailed analysis. This research indicates that some of the phrases, which users view as incorrect, comply with the language norm and specifically describe the characteristics that can help distinguish correct phrases from incorrect phrases.

Topic: Lexicography and Language Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
MEAT DECLARATION – CONSUMER OPINION AND CONFIDENCE

One of the main goals of food safety measures is to increase consumer confidence in food in general, and meat in particular, and therefore consumers are provided with information about the quality and safety of meat through declaration. Consumer confidence and food safety have become central issues in the food chain. Recent developments in labelling, traceability and quality assurance schemes offer a large amount of information available to the consumer. Declaring is today one of the most reliable ways of informing consumers about food quality. For the purposes of this study, data were collected by surveying 1,000 consumers from the Banja Luka and Gradiška areas. The results of this survey show that the majority of consumers (98.1%) believe that meat should have a declaration and that the statistically most important (p0.05) information on the declaration is the expiration date (75.8% of responses) compared to other information (nutritional value, method of production, country of origin). The way the meat is packaged is also important for consumers (45.3% of responses). Also, the statistical significantly different answers (p0.05) were given related to the trust in information about the safety/quality of meat obtained in different ways (butcher, seller, relative, friend, cook). The consumers showed that they mostly believe to information about the safety/quality of meat received from doctors/nutritionists (53.1%), and most often have a neutral attitude towards information received from consumer protection associations (41.9%). It is not sufficiently clarified what type of information consumers are most looking for on declarations, especially when it comes to meat and meat products. Because of that, continuous examination of consumers is needed, including sociological and economic factors, what motivates them to buy, what quality characteristics they require and what sources of information they believe the most.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Institutional Alchemy: India's Two Parliaments in Comparative Context

India has a parliamentary system. But articled in India’s Constitution is a provision that authorizes the President to occasionally enact legislation without involving Parliament. Such presidential legislation are called ordinances, not Acts; and rather than enact, the President promulgates them. Textually, ordinances are bounded by several ‘controls’. They are limited to circumstances when at least one House of Parliament is not in session, and the President is satisfied that the circumstances are such that immediate action is necessary. And without such formal parliamentary approval after a specified duration, they cease to exist. But after sixty years of constitutional practice these controls are redundant; aggressive political conduct and forgiving judicial interpretations made them so. What was exceptional and temporary is now ‘normal’ and ‘permanent’. As a result, India effectively has two ‘Parliaments’ – the President, formally speaking, is like a parallel Parliament. This article explains how this second – or, alternative – Parliament came about, and its implications for India’s more traditional Parliament. The article locates its central claims within a larger body of comparative law scholarship on presidential systems and executive lawmaking, arguing that the powers of India’s President (in acting through the Council of Ministers) has powers that rival the strongest presidencies globally. * Shubhankar Dam, Assistant Professor of Law, Singapore Management University School of Law.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Instantaneous value control of current vector of energy transfer circuit with inductor converter bridges between superconducting magnets

Abstract Energy transfer circuits of inductor converter circuits (ICB), used for power supplies for superconducting magnets, are studied. Analytical solutions of steady‐state characteristics of ICB energy transfer circuits are analyzed. On the basis of these solutions, a discussion is presented regarding a new control method of ICB transfer circuit to reduce a voltage ripple across a load superconducting magnet. This paper will propose a new control for line‐commutated converters of ICB energy transfer circuit for quick changes in a transfer angle and a transfer frequency for the voltage ripple reduction control. Speeding‐up of the proposed controls is also discussed. Validity of the proposed controls is confirmed by computer simulations.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cover Picture

The cover picture shows the active site of the catalytic antibody 1E9, which promotes the bimolecular Diels–Alder reaction between tetrachlorothiophene dioxide and N-ethylmaleimide. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the reactant complex (green) and the endo-transition state (yellow) bound at the antibody active site illustrate the excellent shape complementarity between ligand and protein. Residues Trp H50 and Asn H35, which interact with the dienophile through π-stacking and hydrogen bonding, respectively, are seen at the bottom of the active site beneath the transparent protein surface. More about shape complementarity, binding site dynamics, and transition state stabilization can be found in the theoretical study by K. N. Houk, D. Hilvert et al. on p. 255 ff. (The cover image was produced by Kinya Hotta.)

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Endometriosis Does not Seem to Be an Influencing Factor of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in IVF / ICSI Cycles

Abstract IntroductionTo evaluate whether the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in pregnant women was related to endometriosis (EM), ovulation and embryo vitrification technology. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on the clinical data of 3674 women who were treated with IVF / ICSI in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and maintained clinical pregnancy for more than 20 weeks. All pregnancies were followed up until the end of pregnancy. The follow-up consisted of recording the course of pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and basic situation of newborns.ResultsCompared with NC-FET without EM, HRT-FET without EM was found to have a higher incidence of HDP during pregnancy (2.7% V.S. 6.1%, P&lt;0.001); however, no significant difference was found in the incidence of HDP between NC-FET and HRT-FET combined with EM (4.0% V.S. 5.7%, P&gt;0.05). In total frozen-thawed embryo transfer (total-FET), the incidence of HDP in the HRT cycle without ovulation (HRT-FET) was observed to be higher than that in the NC cycle with ovulation (NC-FET) (2.8% V.S. 6.1%, P&lt;0.001). In patients with EM, no significant difference was found in the incidence of HDP between fresh ET and NC-FET (1.2% V.S. 4.0%, P&gt;0.05). ConclusionEM does not seem to have an effect on the occurrence of HDP in assisted reproductive technology. During the FET cycle, the formation of the corpus luteum may play a protective role in the occurrence and development of HDP. Potential damage to the embryo caused by cryopreservation seems to have no effect on the occurrence of HDP.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of the Course of COVID-19 Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Heart Transplant Recipients in Slovenia

Background: Patients receiving heart transplantation require lifelong immunosuppression and compared to the general population, they have a more than five times higher chance of acquiring COVID-19, and their mortality rates are higher. The aim of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) in Slovenia to estimate the vaccination rate and evaluate possible vaccination-hesitant subgroups. Methods: All SARS-CoV-2-positive HTRs (N = 79) between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2023 at the Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, were included retrospectively. Demographic, clinical and vaccination data were extracted from medical documentation and a statistical evaluation was performed. Results: The observed vaccination rate was 63.3%, but among patients who received transplants before the pandemic, it was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.027). Vaccinated HTRs were statistically significantly older (p = 0.004) and had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.018). Our results indicate no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated HTRs regarding acute respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.135), length of hospital stay (p = 0.106), intensive care unit admission (0.414) and in-hospital mortality (p = 0.317), but we observed statistically more frequently an asymptomatic course in those vaccinated (p = 0.050), and a longer length of stay in vector vaccine recipients (p = 0.011) and in those not re-vaccinated (p = 0.030). There was a significantly higher re-vaccination rate in males (p = 0.005). Conclusions: An asymptomatic course of COVID-19 was more often observed in vaccinated HTRs. Our findings suggest statistically significant differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates; younger HTRs and those transplanted after the pandemic are more hesitant to vaccinate, while females accept booster doses less frequently.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Poor quality of reports on informed consent in dissertation

Background: Recent research has indicated that ethical concerns are insufficiently dealt with in dissertations. This study examines how research ethics and informed consent is reported in nurses’ dissertations. Methods: Analyses of ethical content and complexity of ethical reasoning in 64 PhD dissertations published by Swedish nurses in 2007. Results: All dissertations, except one, had a section on ethical considerations; however, these were short, lacking in references, and thin on content. Information and informed consent was discussed in (87% of the dissertations). A third of these dissertations explicitly mention the concept of informed consent. A substantial amount of space described the informing phase of research, including details of form of information (written and/or verbal) and type of information. While many ethical concerns, like informed consent, involve systematic concepts or metasystematic principles, the complexity of ethical reasoning in the dissertations was categorized as abstract (6% of the dissertations), formal (84%) and systematic (10%). Conclusions : The concept and practice of informed consent is poorly reported in many dissertations. Important ethical concerns are missing and the complexity of reasoning on ethical principles, motives and implications is insufficient. This is partly due to traditions and norms that discount ethical concerns, but probably also reflect the ability of PhD-students and supervisors to handle complexity in general. It is suggested that the importance of ethical considerations is emphasized in graduate and post-graduate studies, and that individuals with capacity to deal with systematic and meta-systematic concepts are recruited to senior research positions.

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Religious pluralism in theological education

In this essay, I will try to explain and ground a conviction that I share with many colleagues in the Christian theological community: that one of the reasons why Christian theological education is not adequately doing its job of mediating between culture and religion has to do with the mono-religions character of most Christian theology today. Theological educators are going about their job on the basis of an exclusive, or too restrictive, use of Christian tradition and experience. They have closed themselves to, or are not sufficiently open to, other religious traditions and identities.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reality shock in radiography: fact or fiction? Findings from a phenomenological study in Durban, South Africa

Abstract Background Globally, the phenomenon of reality shock is a major contributor to the attrition of healthcare professionals. Reality shock negatively impacts on initial workplace transition, productivity, and ultimately, employee retention, hence it is important to ascertain its causative factors so that measures can be taken to mitigate its effects. Relative to other health professions, the field of radiography has been slow in detailing the occurrence of reality shock, and attrition is a major problem affecting the profession. In South Africa, a dearth of data exists pertaining to the potential presence of reality shock amongst newly-graduated radiographers as they transition to the workplace. Methods A phenomenological approach was used. Seven newly-graduated radiographers provided their perceptions of their initial workplace experiences. In-depth, one-on-one, face to face interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim before interpretive phenomenological analysis was conducted on the obtained data. Findings Three main themes emerged relating to increased responsibility, being undermined, and feeling overwhelmed. Respondents felt pressurized by their increased responsibilities when they commenced employment. They also felt undermined by their more experienced colleagues, and they were overwhelmed by the new work routine, which resulted in reality shock. Conclusions Curricula at institutions of higher education need to include courses which educate student radiographers on what to expect within the workplace as autonomous practitioners. Heads of imaging departments must create structured induction programs for new employees for adequate orientation and mentoring to reduce reality shock.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design of dynamic petri recurrent-fuzzy-neural- network for robust path tracking control of mobile robot

In this study, a robust path tracking control scheme is constructed for a nonholonomic mobile robot via a dynamic Petri recurrent-fuzzy-neural-network (DPRFNN). In the DPRFNN, the concept of a Petri net (PN) and the recurrent frame of internal feedback loops are incorporated into a traditional fuzzy neural network (FNN) to alleviate the computation burden of parameter learning and to enhance the dynamic mapping of network ability. This five-layer DPRFNN is utilized for the major role in the proposed control scheme, and the corresponding adaptation laws of network parameters are established in the sense of projection algorithm and Lyapunov stability theorem to ensure the network convergence as well as stable control performance without the requirement of detailed system information and the compensation of auxiliary controllers. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed robust DPRFNN control scheme is verified by numerical simulations of a differential-driving mobile robot under different moving paths and the occurrence of uncertainties, and its superiority is indicated in comparison with a stabilizing control system.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences