jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The nuns and Vatican II: Pandora’s box or goldmine?

This article surveys the reception of Vatican II among women’s religious orders, especially in Australia. By describing the situation for women religious prior to the Council, and indicating the minimal levels of involvement by women in the Council, the article outlines the radical transformation that Vatican II had for women religious who interpreted and implemented the directions set out in the document Perfectae Caritatis.

Topic: Catholicism and Religious Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Spatial Analysis of Urban Form and Pedestrian Exposure to Traffic Noise

Abstract: In the Macao Peninsula, the high population density (49,763 inhabitants/km 2) and the lack of control over the number of vehicles (460 vehicles/km) have led to an increase in urban pollution. To provide useful information to local government and urban planners, this paper investigates the spatial distribution of traffic noise in the Macao Peninsula. The interactions among urban form, traffic flow and traffic noise are addressed. Considering the spatial nature of urban geometry and traffic, a high-resolution GIS-based traffic noise model system is applied. Results indicate that the Macao Peninsula has fallen into a situation of serious traffic noise pollution. About 60 % of traffic noise levels along the major pedestrian sidewalks in the evening peak hour exceed the National Standard of 70 dB(A) in China. In particular, about 21 % of traffic noise levels along the pedestrian sidewalks are above the National Standard by 5 dB(A). Noticeably, the high pedestrian exposure to traffic noise in the historical urban area reduces the comfort of tourists walking in the historic centre and is ruining the reputation of the area as a World Cultural Heritage site.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors of Correlation for Dynamic Links of Rotor Systems of Wind Electric Installation

The substantiation of definition of correlation factors for dynamic links of rotor systems of wind electric installations, as one of subtasks of the mathematical algorithms of dynamic behavior of system claimed for the further working out for the purpose of automated control updating fot the wind-electric installation which provides reduction of vibrations of all elements of rotor systems in conditions of loading a drive at different modes of operation of the energy-unit that promotes improvement of indicators of reliability for components of the modern wind installations is made. The problem of determining the parameters of the analytical model of the correlation function for the purpose of definition of correlation dependences between the measured values of meteorological and electro-power process taking into account the requirement of a minimum of the sum of squares of discrepancies (approximation errors) for the actual and approximating lines is solved. The average square deviation of an error of approximation, meteorological and electro-power process on the basis of a discrete estimation of ordinates of the analytical model of the correlation function does not exceed 1%. Mathematical formulas for definition of the spectral density of input and target casual processes, and also mutual spectral density of input and target casual processes of dynamic links of rotor systems on the basis of the block diagram of transfer functions of the system behavior for the purpose of revealing the degree of correlation of transfer functions are made. The analysis is made for processes of input and target signals of transfer functions with regard to their coherent state on the basis of calculation of factors of correlation for dynamic links of rotor systems for the purpose of the description of the transfer function within the limits of the analysis of vibrating fields of the unit as a whole since vibrations are causednot only by blades but also by all elements with rotor systems.

Topic: Environmental and Industrial Safety
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emerging Diagnosis Improvements and Treatments of Mild to Traumatic Brain Injuries

This review paper evaluates the current clinical and research practices for diagonising and treating TBI and mTBI. It provides an overview of the new emerging treatments for mTBI and TBI that are in varying stages of research. The paper analyzes the shortcomings and practices of diagnosing mTBI and TBI and also evaluates new and potentially break-through mTBI and TBI treatments such as Iron Chelators, Cellular Therapy, Cannabinoid Receptor Treatment, Electroaccupuncture, and Transcanial Magnetic Stimulation. While the current method of diagnosis for severe TBI is sound, mTBIs remain largely undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. This paper identifies the limitations of current neuroimaging and diagnostic techniques for mTBI and TBI. There are many current treatments for the primary symptoms/damage of TBI and mTBI (severe swelling, trauma, neuroinflammation, edema, diffuse axonal damage, and loss of consciousness). However, there is little or no treatment for secondary injuries (personality shifts, free iron collection, cognitive deficits in short-term memory, abstract reasoning, and many unique deficits dependent on the site of injury). This review paper seeeks to evaluate emerging research and diagnostic methods and explores possible new directions for diagnosis and conceivable conjunction therapies to treat multiple aspects and deficits of mTBI and TBI.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Methods from Glycolytic Phenotype and AMP Kinase Modify the Pathologic Response of Tumor Xenografts to VEGF Neutralization

Supplementary Methods from Glycolytic Phenotype and AMP Kinase Modify the Pathologic Response of Tumor Xenografts to VEGF Neutralization

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of Place Identity in Planning Heritage Tourism

Spatial planning can improve one’s quality of life by enhancing the environmental quality and its potential. Thus, the application of the concept of identity into the planning process is essential in emphasizing the significance of a place, especially in heritage tourism area, where tourist satisfaction is obtained from the tourism objects peculiarities that become the place identity. However, similar studies are still limited so that this study will contribute to filling the gaps. This study is conducted in Maimoon Palace District, a historic area in Medan. This study aims to examine the application of the concept of spatial planning based on the area identity. A qualitative method is used to collect the data about spatial planning elements in the area. The findings indicate that the existing spatial planning has already contained the place identity. However, many problems in spatial planning elements still cause a chaotic view of the area. Therefore, the government should improve the area not only by improving the physical quality but also increasing tourist satisfaction to enhance tourism attractiveness.

Topic: Place Attachment and Urban Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An efficient new hybrid CG-method as convex combination of DY and CD and HS algorithms

In this paper, we proposed a new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems as a convex combination of the Dai-Yuan algorithm, conjugate-descent algorithm, and Hestenes-Stiefel algorithm. This new algorithm is globally convergent and satisfies the sufficient descent condition by using the strong Wolfe conditions. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlinear hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm is efficient and robust.

Topic: Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Why does the <i>hkl: h+k+l = 4n+2</i> reflections reveal intensity in Si [110]?

Journal Article Why does the hkl: h+k+l = 4n+2 reflections reveal intensity in Si [110]? Get access P Geuens, P Geuens EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CB Carter, CB Carter Dept. Ch. E. & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Van Dyck D Van Dyck EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 8, Issue S02, 1 August 2002, Pages 662–663, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927602106313 Published: 01 August 2002

Topic: Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review of: "Population estimates of biomarkers of exposure to carbon monoxide, nicotine, and NNK in smokers and non-smokers"

Potential competing interests: I am a former employee and current shareholder of GlaxoSmithKline and a

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Acetate platinum(II) compound with 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine that overcomes cisplatin resistance: structural characterization, <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity, and kinetic studies

The reaction of silver acetate with <i>cis-</i>[PtI<sub>2</sub>(dbtp)<sub>2</sub>], where dbtp = 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine, yielded <i>cis</i>-[Pt(OOCCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(dbtp)<sub>2</sub>]·dmf (<b>1</b>). The complex has been analyzed by multinuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N), IR, and Raman. The compound formed two rotamers in CDCl<sub>3</sub> and its spatial structures have been optimized using computational calculation. It was found that head-to-tail rotamer (<b>1a</b>) is more stable than its head-to-head counterpart (<b>1b</b>). <i>In vitro</i> antiproliferative activity against four tumor cell lines (A549, T47D, FaDu, and A2780cis) revealed in all cases significant cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.26–1.80 μM), possessing IC<sub>50</sub> values at least fivefold lower than cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin (except A2780cis). The remarkable <i>in vitro</i> activity against T47D and A2780cis suggested the ability to overcome cisplatin resistance in these types of tumor cells. In addition, <i>in vitro</i> toxicity was evaluated against BALB/3T3 and has shown that the lipophilic platinum(II) complex (<b>1</b>) inhibits cell proliferation weaker than cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Additionally, <i>cis</i>-[Pt(OOCCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(dbtp)<sub>2</sub>]·dmf exhibited selective activity, in contrast to cisplatin or oxaliplatin.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the Nature of Nonplanarity in the [N]Phenylenes

The unusual solid-state nonplanarity seen in the X-ray structures of the [N]phenylenes (an example is shown here) is shown to be most likely the result of crystal-packing-induced deformations. These conclusions are based on a study of published and eight new structure determinations, comparison with data on napththalenes and anthracenes obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database, and ab initio calculations.

Topic: Crystallography and molecular interactions
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Curious Case of צמח and ανατολη: An Inquiry into Septuagint Translation Patterns

Two main arguments have been proposed to explain the peculiar LXX use of the typically light-related ἀνατολή to render the familiar messianic צמח of Jer 23:5, Zech 3:8, and Zech 6:12. (1) The translators simply made a mistake or switched metaphors, or (2) the translators were using ἀνατολή to highlight the “glow” half of the alleged “glow/grow” semantic field of צמח. This article argues against both views by undertaking a comprehensive semantic analysis of both the Hebrew and the Greek lexical groups, paying particular attention to their literal and metaphorical uses across a broad range of Jewish literature. The analysis demonstrates that the translators’ use of ἀνατολή is a semantically appropriate gloss that captures the underlying sense of the metaphor: the emergence or arising of a deliverer figure.

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Associated Laryngeal Stenosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Longitudinal cohort studies are required to determine the long-term outcome and the anticipated behavior of epidermolysis bullosa in patients with laryngeal manifestation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of a position and shape of local energy source on the aerodynamic characteristics of a supersonic vehicle

A local energy source placed upstream of a supersonic vehicle can have a considerable effect on its total aerodynamic characteristics and flight trajectory. This yields a possibility of controlling both the vehicle velocity and flight direction by introducing a local energy source into the flow. It is found that when studying the influence of the source of flow disturbances on the lift force and moment characteristics one cannot ignore the factors of transverse overflow of compression and rarefaction waves. The influence of this factor is particularly noticeable at moderate Mach numbers.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of tyrosine residues crucial for CD200R-mediated inhibition of mast cell activation

Abstract CD200 and its receptor CD200R are type-1 membrane glycoproteins, which contain two immunoglobulin-like domains. Engagement of CD200R by CD200 inhibits activation of myeloid cells. Unlike the majority of immune inhibitory receptors, CD200R does not contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif but contains three tyrosine residues (Y286, Y289, and Y297) in the cytoplasmic domain. Y297 is located in an NPxY motif. Previously, we have shown that engagement of CD200R in mouse mast cells induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of inhibitory adaptor proteins Dok1 and Dok2, leading to the inhibition of Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In the present study, we examined the roles of these three tyrosines in CD200R-mediated inhibition by site-directed mutagenesis in mouse mast cells. Our data show that Y286 and Y297 are the major phosphorylation sites and are critical for CD200R-mediated inhibition of mast cell activation, and Y289 is dispensable. Our data also suggest that the Src family kinase may mediate the phosphorylation of CD200R and Dok.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sidedress Nitrogen Application Rates to Sorghum Intercropped with Tropical Perennial Grasses

Intercropping sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with tropical perennial grasses and using the appropriate rate of sidedress N application can maximize grain yield (GY) and revenue and can improve land‐use efficiency (LUE). The effects of monocropped sorghum (MS) or sorghum intercropped with palisadegrass ( Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; SPG) or guineagrass ( Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; SGG) and sidedress N application rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha −1 on leaf nutrient concentration, sorghum GY, revenue, and LUE were investigated during three growing seasons at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, on a clay, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox. The SGG treatment had lower leaf N, P, and K concentrations and lower 1000‐grain weight, shoot dry matter, and GY than MS and SPG at all sidedress N rates; MS and SPG at 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N resulted in greater sorghum GYs (3.80 and 3.81 Mg ha −1 , respectively). The forage dry matter production (FDMP) and crude protein of tropical perennial grasses were higher as a function of the sidedress N rate. The SGG treatment resulted in negative net profits for all sidedress N rates. The MS and SPG treatments (independent of sidedress N rates) resulted in similar net profits (approximately US$85 and $60 ha −1 , respectively). The SPG treatment using 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N resulted in a higher land equivalent ratio and relative N yield (1.27 and 123%, respectively) than SGG (0.96 and 107%, respectively). The SPG treatment with 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N is the best option for increasing sorghum GY, revenue, and FDMP from autumn to part of the spring and for improving LUE.

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy and safety of high‐dose glucagon‐like peptide‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) have become agents of choice for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with established cardiovascular disease or in high‐risk individuals. With currently available GLP‐1 RAs, 51%‐79% of subjects achieve an HbA1c target of less than 7.0% and 4%‐27% lose 10% of body weight, illustrating the need for more potent agents. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched using the MESH terms ‘glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist’, ‘glucagon receptor agonist’, ‘glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide’, ‘dual or co‐agonist’, and ‘tirzepatide’. Quality of papers was scored using PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane assessment tool. An HbA1c target of less than 7.0% was attained by up to 80% with high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and up to 97% with tirzepatide, with even up to 62% of people with T2D reaching an HbA1c of less than 5.7%. A body weight loss of 10% or greater was obtained by up to 50% and up to 69% with high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs or tirzepatide, respectively. The glucose‐ and weight‐lowering effects of the GLP‐1/glucagon RA cotadutide equal those of liraglutide 1.8 mg. Gastrointestinal side effects of high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and co‐agonists occurred in 30%‐70% of patients, mostly arising within the first 2 weeks of the first dose, being mild or moderate in severity, and transient. The development of high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and the dual GLP‐1/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide resulted in increasing numbers of people reaching HbA1c and body weight targets, with up to 62% attaining normoglycaemia with 15‐mg tirzepatide. Whether this will also translate to better cardiovascular outcomes and affect treatment guidelines remains to be studied.

Topic: Diabetes Treatment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ethnicity, Body Mass, and Genome-Wide Data

This article combines social and genetic epidemiology to examine the influence of self-reported ethnicity on body mass index (BMI) among a sample of adolescents and young adults. We use genetic information from more than 5,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in combination with principal components analysis to characterize population ancestry of individuals in this study. We show that non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American respondents differ significantly with respect to BMI and differ on the first principal component from the genetic data. This first component is positively associated with BMI and accounts for roughly 3% of the genetic variance in our sample. However, after controlling for this genetic measure, the observed ethnic differences in BMI remain large and statistically significant. This study demonstrates a parsimonious method to adjust for genetic differences among individual respondents that may contribute to observed differences in outcomes. In this case, adjusting for genetic background has no bearing on the influence of self-identified ethnicity.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preconditioning with ouabain reduces the neurological deficit in rats caused by compression-induced cerebral ischemia

Ischaemic brain damage is a major neurobiological and medical social problem, making experimental research of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and the search for ways to minimize its consequences particularly relevant. The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of reducing the neurological deficit and functional limb asymmetry in laboratory rats through ischaemic tolerance using ouabain, a Na+/K+- ATPase inhibitor. Materials and methods. Cerebral ischemia was modeled using 20-minute focal compression of the left sensorimotor cortex in the rat brain. To induce tolerance, laboratory animals were given a single intravenous injection of 0.7 mg/kg of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain 24 or 72 hours before the ischaemic event. Functional impairment was assessed with tests for neurological deficits in the limbs and a test for forelimb performance in laboratory animals. Results. Preliminary ouabain administration prevented the development of functional impairment due to compression-induced ischemia of the sensorimotor cortex, with a decrease in limb asymmetry and the severity of motor dysfunction. Conclusion. In animals, pharmacological preconditioning with ouabain increases the brain's resistance to subsequent compression-induced ischemia, preventing functional asymmetry and improving both right and left limb function. The obtained data expand the possibilities of using Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors to treat cerebral ischemia.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[A case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with relapse of ileitis and duodenitis for a short period].

A 60-year old man admitted our hospital due to abdominal pain, melena and arthralgia. There was purpura on his legs. On admission, the abdominal CT showed segmental mural thickening of terminal ileum and ascites. On the 4th hospital day, the abdominal CT showed severe mural thickening of the third portion of duodenum. On the 8th hospital day, the abdominal CT showed severe mural thickening of terminal ileum. We reported a rare case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with relapse of ileitis and duodenitis for a short period which could be examined on the abdominal CT.

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences