jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development and application of new molecular markers for analysis of genetic diversity in <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> populations

The aim of this study was to develop new polymorphic markers for analysis of genetic diversity in the fungal soilborne plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae . Twelve polymorphic markers (five microsatellites and seven polymorphic sequences) were developed from a genomic library enriched for microsatellites. Screening of polymorphic loci was done using a collection of 25 V. dahliae isolates of diverse geographic origins, host sources and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Three methods were used to score alleles: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sequencing of PCR‐amplified loci, and capillary electrophoresis. The new markers were used to assess genetic differentiation between isolates associated with different host plants. Two collections of isolates were analysed, obtained from artichoke (30 isolates) and potato (20 isolates) from crops grown in rotation located in the same area in eastern‐central Spain. The resolution of genetic differentiation between these two collections using the new markers was compared to that provided by other often‐used markers (SCARs and VCGs). Sequence analysis of the alleles proved to be the most unambiguous technique for scoring microsatellite data. The relatively high genetic differentiation observed between isolates from different crops (genetic differentiation coefficient, G ST = 0·24) and their high genotypic diversity suggest a divergence between V. dahliae from artichoke and potato. It is hypothesized that evolution of V. dahliae from the local resident population in association with the two host crops has occurred. The new markers are useful for resolving population structure within V. dahliae and may contribute to a better understanding of the population biology of this fungus.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide

This specification covers the material characteristics of virgin poly(glycolide) and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) resins with mole fractions within the specified range used in surgical implants. This does not cover packaged and sterilized finished implants fabricated from the same materials. Since some characteristics may be altered by processing techniques when used to produces a specific part or device, properties of fabricated forms of the resins should be evaluated independently using appropriate test methods. The identity of the poly(glycolide) homopolymer, poly(glycolide-co-lactide) copolymer, and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) polymer must be confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ScBlkCom: An Integrated Compression Algorithm for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data

High-throughput sequencing advancements have shifted genomic project bottlenecks from data generation to computational storage and analysis. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data exhibits unique structural features, including extensive labeled sequence identifiers, which conventional compression tools fail to optimize. This study proposes ScBlkCom, a specialized compression scheme for scRNA-seq data. The method partitions sequencing data into distinct blocks and applies tailored compression strategies: differential encoding for numerical attributes, Huffman coding for categorical labels, and context-adaptive encoding for sequence identifiers. Experiments demonstrate ScBlkCom achieves 84.29% higher compression gain compared to single-module approaches and outperforms generic tools (e.g., GZIP, BZIP2) by 6.44% in compression ratio, while maintaining stable processing speeds. This block-wise adaptive framework effectively addresses scRNA-seq data redundancy, offering enhanced storage efficiency for large-scale single-cell studies.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The quest for primary Devonian magnetism in the Pyrenees and the implications for the Paleozoic paleogeographical position of Iberia

The paleogeography of Iberia during the Devonian is still under debate. Paleomagnetic data suggests an episode of rifting between Iberia and the rest of Gondwana during the Middle Paleozoic whereas results from paleontology, geochronology and geochemistry argue that such a departure is unlikely. To shed more light on this intricate matter extensive paleomagnetic fieldwork has been undertaken in the Pyrenees, sampling 18 Devonian limestones and 1 Permian granite. Stepwise demagnetization and end-member modeling indicate magnetite and pyrrhotite as responsible for the magnetization. The abundance of pyrrhotite and several negative fold tests reflect on the magnetism’s secondary character. Of these 19 sites, 7 record the counterclockwise rotation of Iberia during the Cretaceous with a combined direction of 326.9°/38.1°, k=7.7 and a95=5.5°. The other sites either have scattered directions or lack consistency; trying to link those to known vertical axis rotations in the Pyrenees have proven unsuccessful. The directions recorded in the granite (217.8°/40.5°, k=24.7 and a95=11.4) are somewhat similar to a component found in another study (Tait &amp; Bachtadse, 2000) (224°/51°, k=24.5 and a95=8.5°) that is used to justify the separation of Iberia and the rest of Gondwana during the Devonian. It is likely that both these directions are the result of a remagnetizion event with an as of yet unknown timing since it is impossible to record a Devonian direction in rocks from the Permian. Combining these results with the counterarguments provided by other fields of geology and the scenario in which Iberia drifted away from Gondwana during the Paleozoic is no longer supported.

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Rates of Growth of the Galton–Watson Process in Varying Environments

Let { Z n } be a supercritical Galton–Watson process in varying environments, and W be the limit of the non-negative martingale { Z n / EZ n }. Under a condition which ensures that W is not identically equal to zero we give an upper bound on the possible rates of growth of the process on the set { W = 0}, and find a sufficient condition for the process to have only one rate of growth. We also give an example of a process whose offspring distributions have bounded p th moments, for some p &gt; 1, and which has an infinite number of rates of growth.

Topic: Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
SIGMORPHON 2022 Shared Task on Morpheme Segmentation Submission Description: Sequence Labelling for Word-Level Morpheme Segmentation

We propose a sequence labelling approach to word-level morpheme segmentation. Segmentation labels are edit operations derived from a modified minimum edit distance alignment. We show that sequence labelling performs well for “shallow segmentation” and “canonical segmentation”, achieving 96.06 f1 score (macroaveraged over all languages in the shared task) and ranking 3rd among all participating teams. Therefore, we conclude that sequence labelling is a promising approach to morpheme segmentation.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Compressive Strength Properties of Geopolymer Using Power Plant Bottom Ash and NaOH Activator

When a new bonding agent using coal ash is utilized as a substitute for cement, it has the advantages of offering a reduction in the generation of carbon dioxide and securing the initial mechanical strength such that the agent has attracted strong interest from recycling and eco-friendly construction industries. This study aims to establish the production conditions of new hardening materials using clean bottom ash and an alkali activation process to evaluate the characteristics of newly manufactured hardening materials. The alkali activator for the compression process uses a NaOH solution. This study concentrated on strength development according to the concentration of the NaOH solution, the curing temperature, and the curing time. The highest compressive strength of a compressed body appeared at 61.24MPa after curing at 60˚C for 28 days. This result indicates that a higher curing temperature is required to obtain a higher strength body. Also, the degree of geopolymerization was examined using a scanning electron microscope, revealing a micro-structure consisting of a glass-like matrix and crystalized grains. The microstructures generated from the activation reaction of sodium hydroxide were widely distributed in terms of the factors that exercise an effect on the compressive strength of the geopolymer hardening bodies. The Si/Al ratio of the geopolymer having the maximum strength was about 2.41.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
POST-TRANSPLANTATION GFR IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CYCLOSPORINE VS. TACROLIMUS: THE DEBATE CONTINUES.

Koenen, Hans JPM; Coenen, Jeroen JA; van Rijssen, Esther; Kasran, Ahmad; Boon, Louis; Hilbrands, Luuk B; Joosten, Irma Author Information

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paul and Socrates in Dialogue: Points of Contact between the Areopagus Speech and the Apology

For many years, scholars have noted striking similarities between the account of Paul's visit to Athens in Acts and ancient accounts of the trial of Socrates. There have been at least five distinct proposals about the significance of these similarities, but each has substantial shortcomings. In this article, I argue that Luke's purpose is to place Paul's Areopagus speech in dialogue with the thought of Socrates as it is represented in traditions about his trial, especially Plato's Euthyphro and Apology .

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ENGAGING STUDENTS IN ONLINE READING GAMES: A STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING PERSPECTIVE

2020 might be unforgettable for teachers since they need to face the challenging teaching situation in the ruinous Covid-19 pandemic. To deliver the lesson, teachers need varied online applications to reach their students. Furthermore, they need more online media to ensure the students grasp what they need to achieve as a learning outcome. Online games are used in this study as the supportive learning tool after lecturing session about Reading Strategies. Furthermore, it is the tool to engage students to practice the student-centered learning so that they will be autonomous learners. There are four games used in this study i.e. Main Idea Millionaire, Main Idea Storm, Context Clues, and Scanning Skimming games, which are provided in three different websites. This is a qualitative phenomenological study expecting to capture details and experience of students and then to describe the meaning of the findings based on the subjects’ individual experience. The study was conducted in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, exactly at Architectural Engineering Department. Based on the findings, students thought that online reading games helped them to visualize the context of particular texts because of its good animation and sound effects. Students, in teacher’s evaluation, became more active in engaging themselves in the class discussion after having several activities of playing the online reading games. They said that they could easily play the games over and over anytime. This study proves that the employed online games can boost students’ confidence and encourage them to be active in the teaching and learning situation.

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Si3N4 emissivity and the unidentified infrared bands

Infrared spectroscopy of warm (about 150 to 750 K), dusty astronomical sources has revealed a structured emission spectrum which can be diagnostic of the composition, temperature, and in some cases, even size and shape of the grains giving rise to the observed emission. The identifications of silicate emission in oxygen rich objects and SiC in carbon rich object are two examples of this type of analysis. Cometary spectra at moderate resolution have similarly revealed silicate emission, tying together interstellar and interplanetary dust. However, Goebel has pointed out that some astronomical sources appear to contain a different type of dust which results in a qualitatively different spectral shape in the 8 to 13 micron region. The spectra shown make it appear unlikely that silicon nitride can be identified as the source of the 8 to 13 micron emission in either NGC 6572 or Nova Aql 1982. The similarity between the general wavelength and shape of the 10 micron emission from some silicates and that from the two forms of silicon nitride reported could allow a mix of cosmic grains which include some silicon nitride if only the 8 to 13 micron data are considered.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A low-temperature, solution-processed high-<i>k</i>dielectric for low-voltage, high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)

We report here a low-temperature, solution-processed high-k dielectric, which can be used effectively to achieve high-performance, low-voltage organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A CuPc device based on the solution-processed dielectric possessed a mobility of 0.15cm 2 V ! 1 s ! 1 under a voltage of only ! 2V, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than that obtained on traditional 300nm SiO2 under ! 40V. Detailed studies by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence x- ray diffraction reveal that the high performance can be attributed to the crystallized interconnected rod-like structure of CuPc molecules in the initial growth on ATO. Pentacene and rubrene single crystal FETs on the solution-processed dielectric also exhibit higher performance than those on 300nm SiO2. Our findings suggest that the low-temperature, solution-processed high-k dielectric can be a plausible choice for fabrication of high-performance low-voltage OFETS, and also provide some clues in designing effective high-k dielectrics.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High Offset Stems are Protective of Dislocation in High Risk Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: Spinal stiffness has been shown to increase risk of dislocation due to impingement and instability. Increasing anteversion of the acetabular component has been suggested to prevent dislocation, but little has been discussed in terms of femoral or global offset restoration. The purpose of this study is to quantify dislocation rates after primary THA using standard versus high offset femoral components and to determine how differences in offset affect impingement-free range of motion in a stiff spine cohort using a novel impingement model. Methods: 12,365 patients undergoing THA from 2016-2018 were retrospectively reviewed to determine dislocation rates and utilization of standard versus high offset stems. For 50 consecutive patients with spinal stiffness, a CT-based computer software impingement modeling system assessed bony or prosthetic impingement during simulated range of motion. The model was run 5 times for each patient with varying offsets. Range of motion was simulated in each scenario to determine the degree at which impingement occurred. Results: There were 51 dislocations for a 0.41% dislocation rate. Total utilization of high offset stems in the entire cohort was 49%. Of those patients who sustained a dislocation, 49 (96%) utilized a standard offset stem. The impingement modeling demonstrated 5 degrees of added range of motion until impingement for every 1mm offset increase. Conclusion: In the impingement model, high offset stems facilitated greater ROM before bony impingement and resulted in lower dislocation rates. In the setting of high-risk THA due to spinal stiffness, surgeons should consider the use of high-offset stems and pay attention to offset restoration.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kickstarter For Dummies

Learn to use Kickstarter to make your great ideas a reality As a crowd-funding website for creative projects, Kickstarter has the power to make creative ideas come to life. This helpful guide walks you through the potential of this amazing tool, which has helped project creators successfully launch their projects since 2009. You'll learn how to create a Kickstarter account, set up your first project, and effectively use social media to bring awareness to your project and build up the community around it to hopefully reach the goal of 100 percent funding. * Explains how to determine if you meet the requirements to create a project * Gets you started with creating your first project, choosing a great project image, and write a compelling project title and description * Helps you establish rewards for project backers * Zeroes in on deciding a funding duration and funding goal Whether you have an idea for a movie, video game, gadget or anything in between, Kickstarter For Dummies is the fun and friendly guide to help you get the funds to make your idea happen!

Topic: FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of methods of freshness assessment of wet fish

Summary Samples of cod were obtained from different fishing grounds at different seasons. They were stored in boxes with ice for periods of up to twenty days. Freshness assessments by sensory and non‐sensory methods were carried out at regular intervals. Results obtained on four freshness factors by a sensory panel are reported in this paper. The different factors give similar results, but considerable variations are found in fish from different catches.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Differential Susceptibility of Guanine Nucleotide-binding Proteins to Pertussis Toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in Brain Membranes of Two Congeneric Marine Fishes

Pertussis toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation was used to probe the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins Gi and Go in brain membranes from two scorpaenid fishes, Sebastolobus alascanus and S. altivelis. The membranes of the two species exhibit a differential sensitivity to [32P]ADP-ribosylation produced by a fixed concentration of pertussis toxin. The membranes from the deeper-living S. altivelis consistently incorporated more [32P]ADP than the membranes from S. alascanus. Proteins of 39 and 41 kDa are specifically labeled in both species, corresponding to the apparent molecular masses of the α subunits of Gi and Go. At 5°C the ribosylation reaction is linear for at least 7 h. The pertussis toxin concentration-response relationship was evaluated with concentrations of pertussis toxin from 0 to 100 ng/ {mu}l. The extent of [32P]ADP-ribosylation was quantified by autoradiography and computer-assisted image analysis. The EC50 values for pertussis toxin were similar for the two species, but the maximum level of [32P]ADP-ribosylation was significantly greater in S. altivelis brain membranes. Because the heterotrimeric holoprotein is the substrate for ribosylation, the modulatory effects of the guanyl nucleotides GDP and GTPγS on the ribosylation were assessed. GDP increased [32P]ADP-ribosylation of the α subunits in S. altivelis. Only the highest concentration tested (1000 μM) increased [32P]ADP-ribosylation in S. alascanus brain membranes and only to a modest extent. Increasing concentrations of GTPγS suppressed [32P]ADP-ribosylation in S. alascanus brain membranes, presumably by promoting dissociation of the holotrimer. GTPγS had much less of an effect on the S. altivelis brain membranes. These differences in the extent of ADP-ribosylation and the modulatory effects of guanyl nucleotides may reflect different coupling efficiencies of G proteins and receptors. The expression of the α and β subunits of Gi and Go in the two Sebastolobus species, the deep-sea morid teleost fish Antimora rostrata, and the rat were compared by Western immunoblotting of brain membranes with antipeptide antisera. Levels of Giα3 were 63% higher in brain membranes of S. altivelis than those in S. alascanus. The levels of Giα1, Giα2, Go and β36 were similar in the two species. Although the complement of G proteins identified by the array of antisera used was similar in all the species, there appears to be additional diversity of α subunits in the teleost brain membranes. In fish, antiserum to Goα reacted with an additional 41 to 42 kDa protein that was not expressed in rat brain.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
STORYTELLING AND MEANING RECONSTRUCTION: A METAPHORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Storytelling consists of an interaction between a narrator and a listener, both of whom assign meaning to the story as a whole and its component parts. The meaning assigned to the narrative changes over time under the influence of the recipientâ€Ÿs changing precepts and perceptions which seem to be simplistic in infancy and more nuanced with age. It becomes more philosophical in that themes touching on the more profound questions of human existence tend to become more prominently discernible as the subject moves into the more reflective or summative phases of his or her existence. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the metaphorical character of a story, as reflected in changing patterns of meaning assigned to the narrative in the course of the subjective receiverâ€Ÿs passage through the various stages of life. This was done by analysing meaning, from a particular storytelling session, at different stages of a listenerâ€Ÿs personal development. Meaning starts as literal and evolves through re-interpretation to abstract and deeper levels towards application in real life.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences