Release of adenosine from chitosan beads

Event Abstract Back to Event Release of adenosine from chitosan beads Allen Jed Mamaril1, Parwinder Singh1, Ravi Patel1, Joel D. Bumgardner1 and Jessica A. Jennings1 1 University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States Introduction: As many as 27 million American suffer from the painful chronic condition of osteoarthritis[1]. Most treatments are geared toward symptom management, but recent advancements in tissue engineering aim to heal articular cartilage. Recent literature has shown that adenosine reduces inflammation, increases proliferation and matrix production, and promotes chondrocyte growth in osteoarthritic models[2],[3]. This study was conducted to demonstrate efficacy of chitosan microbeads as a delivery vehicle for adenosine. Methods: Chitosan (Chitopharm S) solutions (2% w/v) were created by dissolving 3 or 6 mg/mL adenosine base powder (MP Biomedicals) in 2% acetic acid, adding chitosan and stirring overnight. An emulsion was created by stirring the solution with an impeller at a setting of 2000 rpm in a 1:1 mixture of light to heavy chain mineral oil and 1% Span 80. Glyoxal was added at 0.5% to the emulsion and the mixture was heated at 70°C while impelling for 24 hours. Microbeads were recovered by centrifugation and washing with hexanes, methanol, and then acetone. Four separate samples of dried beads weighing 50 mg were added to 1 mL sterile DMEM/High-glucose and vortexed. Eluate samples were taken every day for 7 days after vortexing and centrifugation. Adenosine concentration was measured with high performance liquid chromatography and normalized to known standard concentrations. Results: Higher concentrations of adenosine were observed in the elution samples collected over the first two days of the trial, with a peak elution of 1360 μg/ml on day two of elution for 6mg/ml concentration (Figure 1). The presence of adenosine in elution samples declined constantly over the next five days in a first-order release pattern for both loading concentrations. Discussion: Injectable chitosan microbeads deliver controlled amounts of adenosine over time, which offers advantages for drug delivery systems directed toward cartilage repair. By altering adenosine concentration in microbeads, elution profile and duration of the drug release can be controlled. Since previous studies have shown highest bioactivity of adenosine in the range of 50-200 µg/ml[2], loading with the lower amount may have improved therapeutic effect over the high-dose loaded microbeads. Evaluation of adherence of adenosine-loaded microbeads to damaged tissue as well as testing efficacy in promoting cell growth through in vitro chondrocyte cell culture and preclinical models will provide insight into the refinement of functional delivery systems. Conclusions: Adenosine-loaded microbeads may provide effective controlled delivery of bioactive adenosine for applications in promoting healing of cartilage, skin, bone, and soft tissues. Minimally invasive delivery, inexpensive cost, and biocompatibility may offer an advantage of adenosine-loaded chitosan microbeads over other treatment options for tissue repair, such as surgical procedures, joint replacement, and growth factor therapy. FedEx Institute of Technology Innovation Fund; Herff College of EngineeringReferences:[1] NIAMS. 2015. Handout on Health: Osteoarthritis. NIH.[2] Featherston, J.B., et al., Biomedical Engineering Review, 2015. 2.[3] Bar-Yehuda, et al. 2009. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60(10): p. 3061-71 Keywords: Tissue Engineering, Drug delivery, vehicle, Biodegradable material Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Biomaterials for therapeutic delivery Citation: Mamaril A, Singh P, Patel R, Bumgardner JD and Jennings JA (2016). Release of adenosine from chitosan beads. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.00003 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Allen Jed Mamaril Parwinder Singh Ravi Patel Joel D Bumgardner Jessica A Jennings Google Allen Jed Mamaril Parwinder Singh Ravi Patel Joel D Bumgardner Jessica A Jennings Google Scholar Allen Jed Mamaril Parwinder Singh Ravi Patel Joel D Bumgardner Jessica A Jennings PubMed Allen Jed Mamaril Parwinder Singh Ravi Patel Joel D Bumgardner Jessica A Jennings Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences