jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
All-in-one multimodal imaging platform for information-rich spatial biology

Spatial biology techniques have revolutionized biomedical research by providing spatial context for the molecular characteristics of individual cells, allowing us to understand the cell "sociology" and tissue microenvironment. It emerges as an essential tool for biomedical research and presents tremendous potential in precision medicine. In this study, we introduce an innovative and comprehensive multimodal imaging platform designed for information-rich spatial-omics analysis. Our imaging platform integrates automated cyclic staining, multimodal data acquisition encompassing fluorescence, phase, polarization, and H&E imaging, and leverages deep learning techniques for efficient information mining. By combining these capabilities, our platform enables rapid and thorough profiling of cellular spatial heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment across large samples. Our imaging platform can significantly enhance our understanding of spatial biology.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of Abnormal Heart Rate and Nocturnal Arrhythmia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Normal Subjects

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to compare abnormal heart rate and arrhythmias among patients with OSA and normal subjects. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on patients with OSA who were attending Imam Khomeini Hospital Sleep Lab, Tehran, Iran, to undergo a full-night polysomnography (PSG). Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was measured for study participants. Those with AHI < 5/h were considered as control (normal) and those with AHI > 15/h were considered as case (OSA) group. We compared abnormal heart rate and nocturnal arrhythmia during PSG between the two study groups. Results: A total of 60 patients (30 cases and 30 controls) were included in this study. Abnormal heart rate (bradycardia and tachycardia) and nocturnal arrhythmia were compared between the two study groups. Twenty-eight percent of patients with moderate to severe OSA developed arrhythmia including sinus arrest, premature atrial contraction (PAC), atrial fibrillation (AF), and bigeminy premature ventricular contraction (PVC). Multiple PVC episodes were observed in 6.7% of subjects without OSA. Nocturnal arrhythmia was more common in cases; however, there was no significant difference. Mean heart rate in cases was 45 beat/minute in comparison with 68/minute in controls (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Different arrhythmias are observed in patients with OSA due to autonomic disorders. Bradycardia was more prevalent among patients with OSA. Regarding the association between OSA and nocturnal arrhythmias, treatment of OSA is important to prevent cardiac mortality.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tissue-specific p19[superscript Arf] regulation dictates the response to oncogenic K-ras

The ability of oncogenes to engage tumor suppressor pathways represents a key regulatory mechanism that can limit the outgrowth of incipient tumor cells. For example, in a number of settings oncogenic Ras strongly activates the Ink4a/Arf locus, resulting in cell cycle arrest or senescence. The capacity of different cell types to execute tumor suppressor programs following expression of endogenous K-ras[superscript G12D] in vivo has not been examined. Using compound mutant mice containing the Arf[superscript GFP] reporter and the spontaneously activating K-ras[superscript LA2] allele, we have uncovered dramatic tissue specificity of K-ras[superscript G12D]-dependent p19[superscript Arf] up-regulation. Lung tumors, which can arise in the presence of functional p19[superscript Arf], rarely display p19[superscript Arf] induction. In contrast, sarcomas always show robust activation, which correlates with genetic evidence, suggesting that loss of the p19[superscript Arf]-p53 pathway is a requisite event for sarcomagenesis. Using constitutive and inducible RNAi systems in vivo, we highlight cell type-specific chromatin regulation of Ink4a/Arf as a critical determinant of cellular responses to oncogenic K-ras. Polycomb-group complexes repress the locus in lung tumors, whereas the SWI/SNF family member Snf5 acts as an important mediator of p19[superscript Arf] induction in sarcomas. This variation in tumor suppressor induction might explain the inherent differences between tissues in their sensitivity to Ras-mediated transformation.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the photoproduction of gravitons on spinor particles

The photoproduction of gravitons on spinor particles in the gravitational theory is considered. Contrary to the result of B. H. Mironovski (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 48, 358 (1965)), we show that in the low-energy limit the photon intermediate states give the main contribution to the cross section. In both low- and high-energy limits the probability of graviton creation is largest in the direction of the photon motion.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Time as a supervisor: temporal regularity and auditory object learning

Sensory systems appear to learn to transform incoming sensory information into perceptual representations, or “objects,” that can inform and guide behavior with minimal explicit supervision. Here, we propose that the auditory system can achieve this goal by using time as a supervisor, i.e., by learning features of a stimulus that are temporally regular. We will show that this procedure generates a feature space sufficient to support fundamental computations of auditory perception. In detail, we consider the problem of discriminating between instances of a prototypical class of natural auditory objects, i.e., rhesus macaque vocalizations. We test discrimination in two ethologically relevant tasks: discrimination in a cluttered acoustic background and generalization to discriminate between novel exemplars. We show that an algorithm that learns these temporally regular features affords better or equivalent discrimination and generalization than conventional feature-selection algorithms, i.e., principal component analysis and independent component analysis. Our findings suggest that the slow temporal features of auditory stimuli may be sufficient for parsing auditory scenes and that the auditory brain could utilize these slowly changing temporal features.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Review of: “Daveed Gartenstein-Ross.<i>My Year Inside Radical Islam: A Memoir</i>.”

Over the past several years, numerous foiled terrorist plots have demonstrated that militant Islam has found a receptive audience in some quarters in the United States. Interesting, some of these a...

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analisis Strategi Traditional Travel Agency Di Tengah Persaingan Online Travel Agency (Studi Kasus: Airlangga Travel)

The travel industry in Indonesia is still very attractive, especially when considering the large population of Indonesia and the growing value trend of the travel market. However, the development of information technology and the internet has had an impact on the proliferation of Online Travel Agencies (OTA), resulting in high levels of competition in the travel industry. Traditional travel companies must continue to innovate to maintain their presence in the competition. This research was conducted to analyze the competitive conditions of the travel industry in Indonesia, a case study at Airlangga Travel company. The research method uses Porter and SWOT analysis. The results of the study are recommendations for differentiation strategies for Airlangga Travel in order to survive in the intense competition of the travel business

Topic: Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Pacific clamNutricola tantilla (Bivalvia: Veneridae) has separate sexes and makes use of brood protection and sperm storage

A morphological study revealed that the NW American soft-bottom bivalve Nutricola tantilla is dioe-cious, not a protandric hermaphrodite as previously reported. We base this conclusion on the smaller males having highly specialized, glandular sperm ducts, while the larger females have simple oviducts and no transition between the two ducts occurs. The females are brooders and retain their ova in a mar-supium within the dorsal part of the inner demibranchs. Sperm cells were present and associated with a mesh-like tissue among the ova or early-stage embryos. How this tissue originates is still unknown. We suggest that sperm cells dissociate from this pool and fertilize the oocytes as soon as they are ovulated. The mode of sperm storage in N. tantilla represents a unique case in that the sperm are presumably nur-tured within a nonepithelial tissue. We describe the ultrastructure of the sperm cells in N. tantilla. Large, spherical cytophores become associated with a multitude of acrosomes of spermatozoa and probably represent the precursors of the spermatozeugmata that have been described previously.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Time interval statistics in speech synthesis : a critical evaluation

A speech wave that has been successively amplified and limited so that it is reduced to a rectangular form is intelligible to a human listener. Much information is retained in the temporal pattern of the time-intervals between the changes of state of such a wave. Techniques for the measurement and display of the first and second-order statistics of these time-intervals are described. &#13;\nThe results of these analyses are used to produce synthetic clipped speech sounds. The ordering of the time-intervals within the sounds is an important factor in the perception of the sounds. Two different methods for eliminating unreliable time-intervals are described, only one of which is suitable for application to speech synthesis. Using a digital computer for the analysis and synthesis, three methods of using the first, second and third-order statistics to produce isolated vowel sounds are described. Although some of the synthetic vowels&#13;\ndo not sound voiced, vowels produced from third-order statistics are nearly as recognisable as the original clipped vowels. Preliminary results from the synthesis of words and phrases indicate a very low level of intelligibility, as the methods of using the statistics do not give a precise enough indication of some of the key parameters in the speech signal. Measurements of the storage requirements needed to specify the different statistical analyses of clipped speech indicate that time-interval statistics are not a very economical way of spec­ifying a clipped speech signal.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Survey of Qatari Secondary School Seniors: Methods and Results

Presents the results of a survey of Qatari students enrolled in their final year of secondary school concerning their attitudes about further education and future work plans. Although males and females agreed on the importance of post-secondary education, they differed on their intention to pursue it. Qatar should try to attract more males into post-secondary education and training and to remove constraints on female labor force participation.

Topic: Global Educational Policies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MENTAL RETARDATION) - REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND SOME COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES OF MANAGEMENT

BACKGROUNDAn individual with Mental Retardation (MR) has sub-normal intelligence and does not possess adequate skills to cope with the environment. [1]About 3% of the population has an IQ below 70.It is not a single, specific disorder or a unitary concept.There are many causes and even after extensive investigations the exact cause remains unknown in up to 40% of cases. [2]Development is a multidimensional process and Intellectual Disability (ID) is a symptom found in many disorders of known and unknown origins in the developmental period.Since it is a multifaceted disorder and as there is no definite cure, prevention and appropriate care by a multidisciplinary team is the norm. [3,4,5,6]But there should not be any nihilistic attitude or 'nothing can be done' or 'no medical treatment possible' approach, which will be counterproductive to the affected and the caregivers for proper management.Early identification and diagnosis, proper guidance, care rather than cure, communicating the limitations of treatment and emphasis on possible rehabilitation methods, coordination among the various healthcare providers were identified as better remedial measures. [4,5,6,7]Parents owing to anxiety, ignorance, illiteracy and lack of effective guidance used to take their children for various alternate and unproved management approaches.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Tomato bushy stunt virus in tomato felids by biology and serology assay, and transmit it by soil

This study was conducted out to detected the tomato bushy stunt virus in tomato felids at Ninawa Province included Salamia & Sad Badysh locations. The virus was isolated from infected tomato plants, and identified by mean symptoms on indicator plants, and DAS-ELISA test. Ch. amaranticolor was responded to inoculation by virus necrotic local lesion, D. stramonium by small chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves, developed later to mosaic. C. annuum by chlorotic local lesions. P. hybrid by systemic mosaic. Tobacco plants N. glutinosa , N. tabacum, N. rustica were responded to necrotic local lesion. On the other hand N. clevelandii showed a systemic mosaic with the necrosis on the top of new leaves. It was observed that the movement of TBSV from TBSV amended soil in healthy tomato seedling cultivar Jessie fast on in plants sown directly into TBSV-contaminated soil, the virus was detected by DAS-ELISA at 32 days after sowing. In seedlings, previously soon in autoclaved soil and later transplanted in TBSV-contaminated soil, TBSV was first detected at 51 days after sown. At the final harvest (110 d.a.s.) 54% of plant sown directly into TBSV-contaminated soil were found to be infected with TBSV as compared with 30% of those transplanted

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Measuring chirality in NMR in the presence of a static electric field

The scalar Hamiltonian of nuclear spins in the presence of a static electric field supports chirality. However, the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are not chiral; hence, chirality is not manifested in the usual NMR experiment. In this work, we show that the magnetization response to certain radio frequency pulse sequences exhibits chirality as well as handedness.

Topic: Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Complete mitochondrial genome of two mouthbrooding fighting fishes,<i>Betta apollon</i>and<i>B. simplex</i>(Teleostei: Osphronemidae)

Mouthbrooding fighting fish Betta apollon and B. simplex are widely distributed in Southeast Asia but urbanization is restricting their biodiversity. Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of B. apollon and B. simplex were determined to support systematic conservation programs. Mitogenome sequences were 16,536 and 16,549 bp in length with slight AT bias (56.68% and 56.60%), respectively, containing 37 genes with the order identical to most teleost mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis of B. apollon showed a closer relationship with B. simplex, grouped with B. pi as a monophyletic clade of mouthbrooders. Results will facilitate evolutionary studies, species diversity, and conservation management in fighting fishes.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vehicle Positioning Using Wi-Fi Networks and GPS/DR System

This paper presents a method to integrate Wi-Fi networks with global positioning system (GPS) and dead reckoning (DR) system for tracking a vehicle in the urban areas by using the federated form of unscented Kalman filer (UKF) and Kalman filer (KF). Due to non-line-of-sight conditions and multipath propagation environments, the estimation of the GPS/DR integrated positioning system lacks acceptable accuracy for demanding applications, such as continuous vehicle tracking. Comparing with GPS, a fingerprinting positioning method based on Wi-Fi signal strength observations could continuously log location information without visibility to the sky. Numerical results show the improvement of the algorithm proposed in the paper.

Topic: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Digital interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

ABSTRACT Importance Digital technology is now widely available for the interventions of autism, but its validity and feasibility remain to be proved. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHIs) in improving core symptoms or intelligence quotient in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Three databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched on November 15, 2022. Randomized clinical trials that enrolled patients with ASD who received DHIs and a control group without DHI treatment were included. Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was applied to assess the risk of bias. Results A total of 33 studies, involving 1285 participants (658 [51.2%] in DHI groups and 627 [48.8%] in control groups), were analyzed to investigate the differences between DHI groups and control groups. Significantly greater improvements in the overall performance of ASD were observed in the DHI groups compared to the control groups (including active, waitlist, treatment‐as‐usual, and no treatment) with an effect size of 1.89 (Cohen's d 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–2.52). Studies with treatment‐as‐usual, waitlist, and no treatment control demonstrated large effect sizes of Cohen's d 3.41 (95% CI: 0.84–5.97), Cohen's d 4.27 (95% CI: 1.95–6.59), and Cohen's d 4.52 (95% CI: 2.98–6.06) respectively. In contrast, studies with active control revealed insignificant effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.73, 95% CI: 0.12–1.33). Interpretation This meta‐analysis found significantly greater improvements in core symptoms or intelligence quotient in ASD patients receiving DHIs compared to those in control conditions. ASD patients may benefit from the DHIs and reduce the economic burden.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pharmacologic data and technical feasibility of intraperitoneal doxorubicin administration.

Seventy intraperitoneal administrations of doxorubicin were performed in 12 patients with malignant disease in the abdominopelvic space. Peritoneal and hematologic drug levels were measured by fluorimetric assay. A first-order decline in the peritoneal level was determined (T 1/2 96 +/- 18 min), with a mean drug absorption of 84% in 4 h (range 40-96%) and a mean ratio of a peak dialysate/peak serum level of 111 (range 12-390). Gastrointestinal toxicity was common and peritoneal phlogosis occurred twice. The doxorubicin level and the time of peritoneal exposure seem to be critical factors for major local toxicity. At a moderate concentration doxorubicin can be intraperitoneally administered, but its usefulness is probably confined to patients with minimal abdominal disease.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regulation of fission yeast cell polarity by stress-response pathways

Cell polarisation is a key biological process crucial for the functioning of&#13;\nessentially all cells. Regulation of cell polarity is achieved through various processes&#13;\ndetermined by both internal and external factors. An example of the latter is that cell&#13;\npolarity can be disrupted or lost as a consequence of a variety of external stresses.&#13;\nWhen facing such stresses, cells adapt to unfavourable conditions by activating a&#13;\nrange of molecular signalling pathways, collectively termed ‘stress response’. Despite&#13;\nthe connections between external stress and cell polarity, whether stress-response&#13;\nsignalling regulates cell polarisation and what the molecular basis for such regulation&#13;\nremains an open question. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe presents&#13;\nan excellent biological platform to study the complexity of cell polarity regulation on a&#13;\nsystematic level. This study is aimed at understanding the functional relationship&#13;\nbetween stress-response signalling and maintenance of cell polarity in this model&#13;\norganism.&#13;\nThe findings presented in this thesis set the basis for establishing a functional&#13;\nlink between the activation of the S.pombe stress-response pathway and the activity&#13;\nof the master regulator of cell polarity- the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Here, I describe&#13;\nexperiments that identify an active involvement of the stress-response mitogen-activated&#13;\nkinase (MAPK) Sty1 in the dispersal of active Cdc42 from the sites of&#13;\ngrowth. This new role for Sty1 occurs independently from its involvement in&#13;\ntranscription regulation and other previously identified signalling pathways involving&#13;\nSty1. Furthermore, I also find that Sty1’s involvement in Cdc42 regulation has direct&#13;\nimplications for fission yeast physiology as it is essential for the maintenance of&#13;\ncellular quiescence upon nitrogen starvation. This thesis also focuses on identifying&#13;\nthe targets of Sty1 orchestrating the active Cdc42 disruption. Here, I describe a&#13;\ncandidate-based approach, where I investigate the role of proteins from the Cdc42&#13;\nregulatory network during Sty1 activation. Additionally, I present a global phospho-proteomics&#13;\napproach to identify novel targets of Sty1 and offer preliminary findings&#13;\nwhich might explain Sty1’s involvement in Cdc42 regulation.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Early Operation for Congenital Subluxation of the Knee

A technique is described for the early correction of congenital anterior subluxation of the knee by soft tissue release. After 5 years, the results of operation in three knees were encouraging and superior to the reported results of late correction of the established deformity.

Topic: Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences