jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC CLUBFOOT

Introduction: Congenital clubfeet have increasingly been detected in routine prenatal ultrasound. However, many clubfeet are still missed and surprise the mothers at birth. The complex deformity and different treatment options available seem to make prenatal counseling desirable. Despite published studies on prenatal clubfoot diagnosis by ultrasound, it is unknown if mothers would indeed prefer to know about their child’s clubfoot before birth or not. Methods: This survey included patients born between 2000 and 2007 who were treated for congenital clubfoot at one of the two participating institutions (center one: East coast USA; center two: Austria). Exclusion criteria were defined as underlying syndrome, genetic abnormality or pregnancy with multiple fetuses. A brief survey about the opinion of mothers towards ultrasound diagnosis of clubfoot consisting of three questions was sent out. A computer database was created for data collection and a statistic analysis was performed. Results: Surveys were sent out to 401 mothers of patients meeting inclusion criteria. A total of 220 surveys were received back with 105 surveys from center one and 115 surveys from center two. In 97 cases the clubfoot was unilateral and in 123 cases bilateral. Routine ultrasound showed a clubfoot in 91 cases (41%) and failed to show the deformity in 128 cases (59%). The detection rate in center one was 60% compared to 25% in center two. Bilateral clubfeet had a detection rate of 53% whereas unilateral clubfeet had a detection rate of 29%. Between 2000 and the end of 2003 the overall detection rate was 31% versus 50% between 2004 and the end of 2007. Overall 74% of mothers wanted to know about their baby’s clubfoot before birth and 24% after birth. Of the 91 mothers who had a positive ultrasound 96% wanted to know before birth. Of the 128 patients who had a negative ultrasound 59% would have wanted to know while 38% did not want to know about the clubfoot prenatally. In center one 89% of mothers wanted to know before birth versus only 60 % in center two. Comments on the survey form showed that mothers who had or wanted to have the prenatal diagnosis appreciated the time to prepare and to find out more about the condition and different treatment options. Many wished for more information at the time of prenatal diagnosis. Mothers that would prefer to find out about the clubfoot postnatally feared that the diagnosis would have affected the experience of the pregnancy. Discussion: Although the detection rate increased over time there are still cases of clubfeet missed in the routine ultrasound, especially in center two where the rate of detection was low. Mothers in the US are more reluctant to know before birth than mothers in Austria which is most likely related to the differences in the two health care systems. Detailed information about the nature and treatment of clubfeet should be given at prenatal diagnosis.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solar thermal propulsion IHPRPT Demonstration Program

Abstract : Spacecraft powered by solar thermal propulsion engines will be able to provide the velocity change required to economically maneuver large payloads from one orbit to another or to perform interplanetary missions. This innovative concept, when applied, will double the efficiency of currently used LH2 - LO2 chemical upper stages. Solar thermal propulsion uses the sun's energy to heat a low molecular weight working fluid such as hydrogen to very high temperatures (3,000 K). The stored thermal energy is then converted to kinetic energy as the working fluid exits a diverging nozzle.

Topic: Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
First line treatment in hypertension.

urological investigation and monitored uneventfully after a non-invasive nephrological assessment.After a mean follow up of 3-5 years only two had developed non-glomerular haematuria after repeated urine microscopy, both of whom were later found to have underlying urothelial disease.Despite its initial promise this technique has not been widely adopted in the United Kingdom,2 probably because of concern about interobserver variations in reporting microscopy results.23Interest has instead been directed towards using automated haematological analysers to assess urinary erythrocyte morphology,24 25 but the inaccuracy of this technique at low red cell counts may limit its practical application.26In our experience variations in reporting micro- scopy findings may be reduced with a more precise classifi- cation of urinary red cell variants (unpublished observations) and the accuracy of automated analysers substantially enhanced by using simple modifications.27Over the next few years these newer techniques may well achieve acceptable standards of accuracy and reproducibility for routine use and, with the adoption of widespread urinary screening by general practitioners, are likely to have an impact on the practice of both nephrologists and urologists.Until then further investigation ofpatients with asymptomatic dipstick haematuria, even in the absence of confirmatory microscopy or other markers of underlying disease, is recommended.We also suggest a standard non-invasive nephrological assessment and long term follow up to detect potentially progressive renal disease in those patients with urologically unexplained blood loss.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crystallographic Engineering for Enhanced Orbital Torque

Spin currents and spin torques in magnetic structures have enabled nanoscale spintronic devices. Recent advances have revealed that their orbital counterparts─orbital currents and orbital torques─can be generated, opening the emerging field of orbitronics. However, harnessing orbital currents and orbital torques in solid-state devices remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that crystal orientation engineering provides an effective route to control orbitronic devices. By investigating orbital torque in ferromagnets with epitaxially grown orbital current sources, we show that distinct crystal orientations between the ferromagnet and the orbital source markedly enhance torque efficiency. This counterintuitive result demonstrates that the enhanced efficiency arises from improved alignment between the momentum-space hotspots of orbital Berry curvature and those governing orbital transport. These findings highlight the importance of crystallographic engineering as a key strategy for advancing orbitronic devices and achieving a quantitative understanding of orbital transport and dynamics.

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Unusual presentation of crusted scabies with osteolysis in immunocompetent

Abstract Background Crusted scabies results from a failure of the host immune response to control the proliferation of the scabies mite in the skin, with resulting hyperinfestation and a concomitant inflammatory and hyper‐keratotic reaction. However, it has also been recognised in people with no evident immunological deficit. Case history We present a case report of apparently immunocompetent 16‐year‐old female presenting with multiple hyperkeratotic vegetating plaques over limbs, excoriated papules over trunk with minimal itching since 2 years without any positive family history. The microscopic examination of the skin scales with potassium hydroxide demonstrated numerous scabies mites and eggs. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis with multiple mites in stratum corneum. Numerous mites were seen on biopsy of lesion. X‐ray showed osteolysis of distal phalanges secondary to chronic pressure. Repeated topical treatments with permethrin and oral ivermectin led to the considerable resolution of her lesions. Conclusion We present a rare case of crusted scabies with osteolysis in an immunocompetent female.

Topic: Dermatological diseases and infestations
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immigrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Abstract This article reviews policies and services related to immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the U.S. Definitions of immigration categories are provided to clarify the context in which services operate. Particular attention is given to issues that are unique to populations of the Southwest. Historical information on this region is offered; immigration trends and recent statistics are presented. The article is based on published data; field interviews with personnel in selected immigrant and refugee serving social agencies are used to compliment the literature. The authors highlight the social consequences of the global phenomenon of migration, whether motivated by economic or political realities. Recommendations for those who serve immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers are offered.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP): administrative implementation, interim final rule. Interim final rule with request for comments.

The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) to establish the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP or Program). The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is issuing this interim final rule with request for comments in order to establish administrative policies, procedures, and requirements for the CICP. This Program is designed to provide benefits to certain persons who sustain serious physical injuries or death as a direct result of administration or use of covered countermeasures identified by the Secretary in declarations issued under the PREP Act. In addition, the Secretary may provide death benefits to certain survivors of individuals who died as the direct result of such covered injuries or their health complications. The Secretary is seeking public comments on this interim final rule.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Feminizing the Enemy: Imperial Spain, Transvestite Drama, and the Crisis of Masculinity</i>. By Sidney  Donnell. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2003. Pp. 312. $44.50.

Review of Feminizing the Enemy: Imperial Spain, Transvestite Drama, and the Crisis of Masculinity, by S. Donnell

Topic: Spanish Literature and Culture Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
State Engineer Adequately Defines Public Interest

In the mid‐1980s, Washoe County, Nevada, entered into joint ventures to import groundwater from the Honey Lake Basin to the Reno and Sparks areas. The county requested permits to withdraw nearly 30,000 acre‐ft (36,990 x 10 3m3) of water annually from the basin. The Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians and Board of Supervisors, Lassen County, California, opposed the permits on environmental and economic grounds. After public hearings, the state engineer granted the permits.

Topic: American Environmental and Regional History
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Measurement of nuclear magnetic spin-lattice relaxation times by the use of repetitive sweep techniques

A simple analysis of the behaviour of a spin system under the influence of a series of sweeps through resonance with moderately high r.f. field strengths show that nuclear magnetic spin-lattice relaxation times may be determined from the "progressive saturation" of the magnetisation, initially at thermal equilibrium, as it approaches a partially saturated constant value. The method shows advantages in sensitivity and resolution over other sweep methods, and is applied to the measurement of the relaxation time of natural abundance 13C satellite lines in methylene dichloride.

Topic: Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biochemical and histopathological studies on the influence of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum) on alloxan diabetic male rats.

Diabetes and the related complications continue to be a major medical problem in Egypt. In spite of the warning of adaptation for regime diet, practicing exercise and administering hypoglycaemic drugs. The toxic side effects, contraindication and sometimes diminutions in response after prolonged use of antidiabetic drugs encouraged to search for therapeutic herbal remedies for safety, efficacy and economy . Diabetes is manifested by multiple disturbances in the metabolic processes of the body, which are attributed to an insufficient supply of insulin. Many plants were known for their activity as antidiabetic agents This investigation aims to clarify the role of fenugreek seed aqueous extract in its therapeutic dose on beta cells number, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in alloxan diabetic rats. Also to illustrate the functional biochemical changes and the associated histopathological alternations in pancreas, liver, kidney, aorta and testes as influenced by fenugreek and alloxan induced diabetes for 4-weeks of treatment. 24 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, control, diabetic, diabetic rats treated with 0.1mg/kg B.W. of fenugreek seed aqueous extract and 0.1mg/kgB.W. fenugreek treated group for 4-weeks.The results indicated that, in the diabetic state significant increase in plasma glucose accompanied by significant reduction in plasma insulin and beta cells number. Significant increase in serum AST, ALT and ALP associated with dilatation and severe congestion of central vein and sinusoids, vacuolization and necrotic areas. Inflammatory area around portal tract. Significant increase in serum urea and creatinine accompanied by atrophy of most glomerular tuft, others displaying swelling and hyperemia. Diffuse extravagations of red blood cell between the degenerated renal tubules. Dilatation and severe congestion of blood vessels. Dilated convoluted tubules, contain hyaline casts in their lumens were observed. Significant increase in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides accompanied by degenerative changes in aorta and formation of medial calcinosis in some cases, significant decrease in serum testosterone levels associated by germ cells depletion as well as sloughing and degeneration of sperms. In conclusion, fenugreek seeds exhibited antioxidant property could ameliorate the alternations induced in diabetes. This investigation recommended that higher concentrations of debitterized fenugreek seeds may double the regeneration of beta –cells in pancreas, further studies would be done in mammals. Fenugreek seed aqueous extract exhibited antioxidant property which ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological alternation induced by alloxan. In conclusion, higher concentrations of debitterized fenugreek seeds can regenerate beta cells in pancreas; further studies would be done in mammals.

Topic: Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Validation of Overset Methods in PyFR

Overset methods enable us to effectively simulate problems with moving geometries, such as turbines and flapping wings. With rapid advances in high performance architectures, such as graphics processing units (GPU), a new type of parallel direct cut method was recently developed by Crabill et al., which foresees the applications of flux reconstruction methods with the overset capability to implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) of turbines, rotorcrafts, etc., which operate at moderate Reynolds number. We will talk about the integration of the parallel direct cut method into PyFR, especially for the GPU backend, coupled with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method for moving objects. Both inviscid and viscous benchmark cases will be used to validate the developed methods.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
P-1561. Use of BacterioScan 216Dx to Reduce Antibiotic Use for Suspected Urinary Tract Infection in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) are often empirically treated in the emergency department (ED) before urine culture (UCx) results are available. 20-40% of suspected UTIs yield negative UCx and therefore are, by definition, not UTIs. BacterioScan 216Dx is an FDA cleared device that allows for point of care analysis of urine samples for bacteria in 3 hours as opposed to UCx which can take up to 48 hours. The BacterioScan system uses the trend of optical density of a urine sample mixed with bacterial growth media to identify UTI positive samples containing ≥50,000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of a uropathogen. We describe the potential impact of a negative BacterioScan test result on antibiotic use prior to UCx results becoming available. Table Urinalysis Positive, BacterioScan Negative, and Urine Culture Negative Patients Treated for Urinary Tract Infection: Antibiotics Used and Duration Methods We performed a retrospective review of ED patients from 12/1/2023 to 4/8/2024 with a positive UA (WBC &amp;gt;5 cells/hpf or leukocyte esterase or nitrite +) that reflexed to culture. Concurrently, the samples were tested using BacterioScan, but results were not released to treating clinicians. BacterioScan and UCx results were recorded along with patient demographics, antibiotics received, and duration of treatment. This analysis focused on UA positive, BacterioScan negative patients. Results 600 patients had a positive UA that reflexed to culture. BacterioScan was negative in 100 of these patients. These patients had a mean age of 47.67 (SD 20.67). 66% were female. 36% identified as White, 16% African American, 4% Asian, and 44% other/prefer not to respond. 33% identified as Hispanic. 83 of 100 patients were Bacterioscan and UCx negative. Of these 83 patients, 8 (9.64%) were treated with median antibiotic duration of 5.5 days (Table). 17 patients had Bacterioscan negative/UCx positive results.13 of 17 had a mix of different bacterial species with CFUs ranging from &amp;lt; 10,000 to 50,000. 4 UCx were positive for potential pathogens- Streptococcus agalactiae (2), Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Of these 4, 3 had &amp;lt; 50,000 CFU and 1 had ≥100,000 CFU. Conclusion Appoximately 10% of patients of patients with UA positive/BacterioScan negative/UCx negative results could have avoided antibiotic treatment if BacterioScan results had been available to clinicians in real time. In urgent care settings, BacterioScan can help reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Disclosures Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Allecra: Advisor/Consultant|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant Thomas Kirn, MD PhD, Selux Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Selux Diagnostics: Honoraria Bert M. Berla, PhD, Bacterioscan, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Bacterioscan, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company)

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On time to buffer saturation in a GI/M/1/N-type queue

A GI/M/1/N-type queueing system with independent and generally distributed interarrival times and exponential service times is investigated. A system of equations for conditional distributions of the time to the first buffer saturation is built. The solution is written using a special-type sequence defined by ``input'' distributions of the system. The formula of total probability is used to derive a representation for the distribution of the time to the $k$th buffer saturation for k&gt;=2. Moreover, special cases of the Poisson arrival process and the system with one-place buffer are discussed. Sample numerical results for the 3-Erlang and deterministic distributions of interarrival times are attached as well.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Into the 21st Century

This chapter explores UK abortion debates in the 21st century. It describes new anti-abortion strategies which emerged in the 2000s and went beyond the familiar attacks on abortion providers. It demonstrates how issues such as foetal viability and calls for changes in pre-abortion counselling provision evolved as a consequence both of past anti-abortion activity and how pro-choice feminist actors have made their arguments. The chapter argues that counselling amendments are proposed because they undermine the association between a ‘right to choose’ and feminist politics and call into question the medical authority on which the Abortion Act 1967 was based.

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Spindly and Bub3 expression in oral cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications

Abstract Objectives Bub3 and Spindly are essential proteins required for the activation and inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, respectively. Here, we explored the clinicopathological significance and the therapeutic potential of the opposing roles of the two proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods Bub3 and Spindly expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 62 tissue microarrays from OSCC and by real‐time PCR in OSCC cell lines and in normal human oral keratinocytes. The results were analyzed as to their clinicopathological significance. RNA interference‐mediated Spindly or Bub3 inhibition was combined with cisplatin treatment, and the effect on the viability of OSCC cells was assessed. Results Overexpression of Bub3 and Spindly was detected in OSCC patients. High expression of Spindly, Bub3, or both was an independent prognostic indicator for cancer‐specific survival and was associated with increased cellular proliferation. Accordingly, Bub3 and Spindly were upregulated in OSCC cells comparatively to their normal counterpart. Inhibition of Bub3 or Spindly was cytotoxic to OSCC cells and enhanced their chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Conclusions The data point out Bub3 and Spindly as potential markers of proliferation and prognosis, and highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of combining their inhibition with cisplatin.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences