jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of radical awareness at initial learning stage in L2 Chinese: stronger vs. weaker learners of Chinese characters

Radical awareness (i.e. the ability to identify, analyze, and manipulate radicals within compound characters) plays an important role in character reading and learning for first language and second language (L2) learners of Chinese. Previous studies have shown that radical awareness contributes to character recognition, inference, and comprehension. However, it is unclear how elementary-level L2 Chinese learners develop radical awareness over a relatively long period, particularly for the potential differences between stronger and weaker learners of Chinese characters. To fill the gap, this study investigated 45 beginning-level L2 Chinese participants during a 16-week semester at an American university. They completed a radical identification task, a radical analysis task, and a radical manipulation task in Week 4, Week 9, and Week 15; and a character knowledge task and a vocabulary knowledge task in Week 15. The results showed that learners who were stronger and weaker at reading characters had similar developmental patterns of radical identification, but different developmental patterns of radical analysis and manipulation. Furthermore, each sub-ability of radical awareness of the stronger learners improved faster than those of the weaker learners after Week 4.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Piezodorus lituratus Fabricius 1794

Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius 1794) (Figure 2) Spermathecal bulb is like feeding bottle (Figs. 2.a,b). Apical region of spermathecal bulb has multiple pores and sperm tails, but there are no pores in the remainder (Fig. 2.c). Pumping region with distal and proximal flanges dilated medially (Fig. 2.d). Distal and proximal flanges are of equal lengths (Figs. 1.d,e). Length of distal spermathecal duct one fifth of proximal one (Fig. 2.a) and median spermathecal duct dilation with sclerotized rod. Spermathecal dilation; wide at anterior portion but in posterior portion is narrowed (Figs. 2.a,f). Proximal spermathecal duct is a muscular structure (Figs. 2.g,h) and more than four times longer than the distal spermathecal duct (Fig. 2.a). V shaped sclerites near opening of spermathecal duct and two ring sclerites at both lateral sıde of genital chamber with opening of proximal duct (Figs. 2.a, ı, i).

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Making perfect life : bio-engineering (in) the 21st century : interim study : monitoring report - phase II

Reportnumber: PE 446.046; The report describes four fields of bio-engineering: engineering of living artefacts (chapter 2), engineering of the body (chapter 3), engineering of the brain (chapter 4), and engineering of intelligent artefacts (chapter 5). Each chapter describes the state of the art of these bio-engineering fields, and whether the concepts "biology becoming technology" and "technology becoming biology" are helpful in describing and understanding, from an engineering perspective, what is going on in each R&amp;D terrain. Next, every chapter analyses to what extent the various research strands within each field of bio-engineering are stimulated by the European Commission, i.e., are part and parcel of the European Framework program. Finally, each chapter provides an overview of the social, ethical and legal questions that are raised by the various scientific and technological activities involved. The report’s final chapter discusses to what extent the trends "biology becoming technology" and vice versa capture many of the developments that are going on in the four bio-engineering fields we have mapped. The report also reflects on the social, ethical and legal issues that are raised by the two bio-engineering megatrends that constitute a new technology wave.

Topic: Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Use of a microcrystalline collagen hemostatic agent in palatoplasty for cleft palate.

The push back operation was performed as the first palatoplasty in 51 patients with cleft palate. During surgery a microcrystalline collagen hemostatic agent (MCH) was used in 23 (MCH group). The other 28 served as controls.Good hemostasis was obtained with MCH. It was very useful in 4 patients, useful in 15, and indefinite in 4. There were no differences in the duration of infusion or fever between the MCH group and the control group.In the MCH group there was no postoperative fever and no side effects.In some cases MCH was applied to the open wound, and wound healing was accelerated.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
NEUTROPHILS IN LUNG INFLAMMATION: Which Reactive Oxygen Species are Being Measured?

The oxidative burst in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) plays a fundamental role in pulmonary defense and injury. Flow cytometric techniques have been developed for quantitation of oxidative burst activity at the single cell level using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH). However, the specific reactive oxidant species being measured using this method are not clearly defined. Isolated human PMN were loaded with DCFH diacetate, stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the presence or absence of specific reagents, and analyzed using flow cytometry. Addition of PMA resulted in a 90-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of DCFH-loaded neutrophils (p <.01). Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity using a calmodulin antagonist (W-13) decreased PMA-induced DCFH oxidation by 70% (p <.05). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase using N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA) did not significantly reduce DCFH oxidation, and did not alter the action of W-13. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) had no effect, but catalase, with or without SOD, suppressed DCFH oxidation by 90% (p <.01). These data suggest that hydrogen peroxide, and not NO, is primarily responsible for the PMA-induced oxidation of DCFH in human PMN under these conditions.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Patients with advanced solid cancers treated with ERK inhibitors exhibit pseudo-progession in lymphatic nodes.

3138 Background: ERK1/2 signaling is often overactivated in cancer, especially in patients with molecular alterations activating the MAPK pathway. MAPK pathway inhibition can result in the increase of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells and decreased expression of immunosuppressive cytokines. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 52 patients with advanced solid cancers and oncogenic alterations in the MAPK pathway, who were treated in phase I/II clinical trials with five different single agent ERK1/2 inhibitors at MD Anderson Cancer Center. We reviewed serial PET and/or CT imaging obtained before therapy, on therapy, and after therapy completion. We evaluated dynamic changes in the lymphatic nodes (LN) in the context of overall response per RECIST 1.1 and other outcomes. Results: Of the 52 patients, 19 (37%) patients were evaluated with serial PET/CT and 33 (63%) with serial CT imaging only. Of the 19 patients evaluated with PET/CT, 12 (63%) demonstrated increased FDG uptake in LN compared to pre-treatment imaging (LN enlargement, n = 9; no LN enlargement, n = 3) discrepant from the known target and non-target lesions. These 12 patients were on therapy with ERK inhibitors (11 at doses &gt; recommended phase 2 dose [RP2D]) for a median of 3.6 months (range, 1.8-12 months) with a best response per RECIST 1.1. as follows: partial response, n = 1; stable disease (SD), n = 10; progressive disease (PD), n = 1. Of interest, in 6 of those 12 patients, FDG uptake in LN decreased or resolved after treatment discontinuation. Further, one patient had a biopsy of an emerged LN, which showed lymphocytic infiltrate without tumor cells. Of the 33 patients evaluated with CT only, 5 (15%) demonstrated increased size of LN discrepant from the known target and non-target lesions compared to pre-treatment imaging. These 5 patients were on therapy with ERK inhibitors (all at doses &lt; RP2D) for a median of 1.4 months (range, 1.1-3.5 months) with a best response per RECIST 1.1. as follows: SD, n = 2; PD, n = 3. Of interest, in 2 of those 5 patients, size of LN decreased or resolved after treatment discontinuation. In addition, one patient had a biopsy of an emerged LN, which showed lymphoid aggerates without tumor cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest that treatment with ERK inhibitors can result in activation of the lymphatic nodes, which can manifest as pseudo-progression. This can lead to an inconclusive assessment of their therapeutic benefit and further suggests exploration of the potential synergistic effects with immune therapy.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficacy and tolerability of anti-epileptic drugs-an internet study

In this Internet-based register of self-reported efficacy and tolerability, CBZ, VPA, LTG and LEV were similar. Self-reported CNS adverse effects were significantly more frequent than in controls. In addition, anger was associated with LEV and depression with CBZ. Confounding factors were depression and uncontrolled epilepsy.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of <i>Acacia crassicarpa</i> (Fabaceae)

<i>Acacia crassicarpa</i> (Fabaceae), a nitrogen-fixing tree species, is critically important for coastal protection in southeast China. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of <i>A. crassicarpa</i>, with a length of 176,493 bp. It contains a pair of inverted repeats (IR 39,851 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC 91,869 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC 4,922 bp). The complete genome comprises 138 genes, including 93 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that <i>A. crassicarpa</i> is closely related to <i>A. podalyriifolia</i> and <i>A. dealbata</i>.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Treating lupus nephritis by a drug pair of radix astragali and rehmanniae radix combined with glucocorticoid: a preliminary clinical study].

Using a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with GC in treating LN could withdraw the dosage of GC and relieve symptoms it induced. It was advantageous in reducing the dosage of GC and stabilizing patients' conditions.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Core Self-Evaluations and Leadership Emergence in Autonomous Work Teams: The Mediating Effect of Team Process

Fifty two Autonomous work teams consisting of 208 participants were examined whether and how individual¿s dispositional trait -- core self evaluations (CSES) affected the leadership emergence which is measured by three indicators. Results showed that CSES, measured as a single construct, positively related to leadership emergence, and the team process, indicated by three variables, was found to partially mediate the relationship between CSES and leadership emergence. Also this correlation was not moderated by task type or goal type. This study provided empirical support for the dispositional base of leadership emergence and explored the effect of moderation and mediation factors on the relationship between the dispositional effect and leadership emergence in autonomous work teams limitation and further research direction are also discussed.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 35. Natural Selection by Evolution.

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823?1913) is remembered, with Charles Darwin, as the co-originator of the concept of evolution by natural selection. But Wallace’s framing of the idea increasingly became one in which natural selection itself was regarded as a law of nature, not a theory per se.

Topic: Evolution and Science Education
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Biometrics Systems Under Spoofing Attack: An evaluation methodology and lessons learned

Biometrics already form a significant component of current and emerging identification technologies. Biometrics systems aim to determine or verify the identity of an individual from their behavioral and/or biological characteristics. Despite significant progress, some biometric systems fail to meet the multitude of stringent security and robustness requirements to support their deployment in some practical scenarios. Among current concerns are vulnerabilities to spoofing?persons who masquerade as others to gain illegitimate accesses to protected data, services, or facilities. While the study of spoofing, or rather antispoofing, has attracted growing interest in recent years, the problem is far from being solved and will require far greater attention in the coming years. This tutorial article presents an introduction to spoofing and antispoofing research. It describes the vulnerabilities, presents an evaluation methodology for the assessment of spoofing and countermeasures, and outlines research priorities for the future.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Evaluation of New High School English Curriculum In Terms of Teachers’ Opinions

This study was carried out as a descriptive study in order to analyze the opinions of English teachers about new high school English curriculum. The study relies on Relational Scanning Model within the context of General Scanning Model. A questionnaire form was applied to 115 English teachers appointed in Nevsehir and Konya in order to obtain the research data. While preparing the questionnaire, the related literature was reviewed and it was benefited from some other questionnaire forms of which reliability and validity analyses were performed and used in similar studies. According to the results of the research, the teachers think that the relation between the Acquisitions, Content and Measuring-Assessment is not adequate. The thoughts of teachers about Teaching-Learning Process (Activities) and the Content of new High School English curriculum are generally negative. In the opinions of teachers, the suggested activities and the content of the curriculum is not sufficient. It is possible to say that the teachers perceive the Project and Performance Assignments as the most negative dimension of the new curriculum.

Topic: Educational Methods and Analysis
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cytogenetic variability among Bradyporinae species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Chromosomes of six European species (one with two subspecies) of Orthoptera belonging to the tribes Ephippigerini and Bradyporini were analyzed using C-banding, Ag-NOR, DAPI (AT-rich)/CMA3 (GC-rich) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes with the aim to better understand chromosomal organization and evolutionary relationships between genera and subgenera within and across both tribes. The evolution of karyotypes was studied in terms of changes in chromosome number (2n) and morphology (FN, the fundamental number - i.e. the number of chromosome arms including the X chromosome). The ancestral 2n = 31 was reduced to 2n = 29 (FN = 31) and 27 (FN = 31) by one or two Robertsonian fusions in the Ephippigerini. Whereas in the Bradyporini 2n = 27 (FN = 32) as a result of two Robertsonian translocations and a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome. The quantity of heterochromatin in GC-rich regions distinguished the karyotypes of Ephippigerini (only a single CG-rich band on one autosome pair) from those of Bradyporini (CG-rich bands on all chromosomes). FISH using the 18S rDNA probe localized 1-3 rDNA clusters to autosomes and/or to the X chromosome in all species examined. The rDNA loci coincided with active NORs as determined by Ag-NOR staining. A comparison of the location of the single NOR/rDNA in two species of the genus Steropleurus (Ephippigerini) suggests that the reduced chromosome number in S. pseudolus results from a Robertsonian fusion between two pairs of autosomes, one of them carrying the NOR/rDNA as in S. stalii (and also in E. ephippiger). Whereas the karyotypes of three species of the genus Bradyporus, though showing the same chromosome number and morphology, differed in the number and distribution of NORs/rDNA sites [one autosomal in B. (B.) dasypus versus three in B. macrogaster and B. (C.) oniscus, two of them X-linked]. Trends in karyotype diversification of the taxa based on the present data and previous research are discussed. In some individuals belonging to the species Bradyporus (B.) dasypus and B. (C.) m. macrogaster B chromosomes (Bs) were detected: acrocentric (the smallest elements in the complement) and submetacentric (similar to medium-sized autosomes), respectively.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Coronary artery aneurysms associated with ascending aortic aneurysms and abdominal aortic aneurysms: Pathophysiologic implications

Background Coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) are seen in 1–5% of angiograms. Aneurysmal coronary disease has been thought to be a variant of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) in most patients, but this has not been systematically studied. Methods To better understand the pathophysiology of CAA, we reviewed the cardiac catheterization films of 403 patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms and 74 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) who underwent surgery for their aortic aneurysms at our institution. Coronary aneurysms had diameters 1.5‐fold that of a reference segment. Results The incidences of CAA in patients with ascending aneurysms and AAA were 17% and 16% respectively ( P = 0.92). CAAs in the ascending group were larger (mean diameter 5.9 vs. 5.0 mm, P = 0.12) with larger reference vessel size (3.1 vs. 2.6 mm, P = 0.03). CAAs in the patients with ascending aneurysms were less likely to be CAD‐associated within the same vessel (12% vs. 75%, P &lt; 0.001). This difference remained significant after controlling for the presence of generalized CAD. No other differences in CAAs between the two groups were found. Within the ascending aneurysm group, the only clinical variable independently associated with CAA was bicuspid aortic valve (OR 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.89, P = 0.02). The majority of patients with CAA in the ascending aortic aneurysm population did not have CAD or any other previously identified cause of CAA. Conclusions There is a high incidence of CAA in patients with aortic aneurysms. In patients with ascending aortic aneurysms there is likely a mechanism distinct from CAD that causes CAAs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feasibility of Multi-LayeredPerceptron Network inDiscriminating BreastMagnetic Resonance ImagingLesions

Thefeasibility ofMLP networks inreliably discriminating between benign andmalignant lesions isdemonstrated inthispilot study. MLP networks canbe trained on similar information thata radiologist wouldusetointerpret lesions onDCE- MRIstudy ofbreast andperform aswellasatrained radiologist. Inthefuture this workwill beextended toalarger dataset, andthefeasibility ofother neural networks suchasradial basis function will betested.

Topic: MRI in cancer diagnosis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular cloning and expression of hipA, a gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that affects frequency of persistence after inhibition of murein synthesis

The hipA gene at 33.8 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome controls the frequency of persistence upon inhibition of murein synthesis; for strains bearing hipA+ the frequency is 10(-6), and for hipA- strains the frequency is 10(-2). hip+ has been cloned by selection for a kanamycin resistance determinant at 33.9 min. hipA+ is dominant over hipA- in both recA+ and recA- backgrounds. The smallest DNA insert which contains hipA+, as determined by the ability of the plasmids to complement hipA- strains, is 1,885 base pairs. Both orientations of hipA+ are obtained when the cloning site of vector is remote from strong promoters; both orientations complement hipA-, and both encode a unique peptide of 50,000 Mr. The probable direction of transcription has been deduced from the pattern of peptides encoded by plasmids from which either end of the insert and adjacent vector sequences have been deleted. This information and the recovery of only one orientation of hipA+ when the cloning site is close to a strong promoter suggest that a high level of expression of the gene is not tolerated by E. coli.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Education and Psychological Distress of Older Chinese

Objective: The goal of this study is to examine whether and how education predicts distress for older Chinese and whether this association varies by age, gender, and rural/urban residence. Method: The random-effect panel model and Heckman selection model were used to analyze four waves of data with a total sample size of 54,405 from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Results: We found the following: (a) There is a persistent and negative association between education and distress among older Chinese; (b) education predicts lower levels of distress over time and this is particularly true for males, urban residents, and the young-old; and (c) the effect of education on distress is largely explained by physical health, economic conditions, and a three-dimensional framework of leisure-time activities.Discussion: Our findings strengthen the external validity of the relationship between education and health and suggest the dynamic patterns on the subgroup variations within the association in China.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences