jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
European populism in the shadow of the great recession

This volume, covering twenty-five populist parties in seventeen European states, presents the first comparative study of the impact of the Great Recession on populism. Based on a common analytical framework, chapters offer a highly differentiated view of how the interplay between economic and political crises helped produce patterns of populist development across Europe. Populism grew strongly in Southern and Central-Eastern Europe, particularly where an economic crisis developed in tandem with a political one. Nordic populism went also on the rise, but this region's populist parties have been surprisingly responsible. In Western Europe, populism actually contracted during the crisis – with the exception of France. As for the two Anglo-Saxon countries, while the UK has experienced the rise of a strong anti-European populist force, Ireland stands out as a rare case in which no such a party has risen in spite of the severity of its economic and political crises.

Topic: Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genotypic differences in plant growth, osmotic and antioxidative defence of<i>Cajanus cajan</i>(L.) Millsp. modulated by salt stress

Two pigeonpea genotypes – PUSA2002-2 (salt tolerant) and RG-01-73N (salt sensitive) – were recognized after analyzing the salt tolerance index (STI) of nine genotypes (PUSA2002-2, HPM-1, RC01-69N, PUSA2001-7, PUSA2002-1, AK2000-3N3, AL1455, RG01-73N and PUSA2004-1) grown in the greenhouse under saline environment. The effects of salinity on plant biomass, membrane stability index (MSI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities were studied. Genotype PUSA2002-2 showed smallest declines and RG01-73N exhibited maximum decline in plant biomass. Salinity led to lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the leaves as well as in roots which resulted in significant reductions in the membrane stability index (MSI) and ionic imbalance (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ ratios) of all genotypes. The accumulation of organic solutes such as proline, glycine betaine, total free amino acids, proteins and soluble sugars induced under salt stress and the level of these osmolytes were correlated with the degree of tolerance of the genotype to stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in all the genotypes. The results indicated that pigeonpea genotypes tolerant of salt stress (PUSA2002-2, HPM-1, RC01-69N, PUSA2001-7 and PUSA2002-1) had better growth and supported higher levels of MSI, ionic ratios, osmoprotectants and antioxidant enzyme activities as compared to RG01-73N, AK2000-3N3, AL1455 and PUSA2004-1.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Increasing Ratio of Thin to Thick Melanoma Lesions: Pathogenesis and Early Detection of This Cancer

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Topotactic phase transformation of 4H-Cu<sub><i>y</i></sub>Ta<sub>1.10</sub>S<sub>2</sub>into 4H-Ta<sub>1.10</sub>S<sub>2</sub>

The mixed conductor La 2 NiO 4+δ is an attractive candidate for SOFC cathodes and oxygen separation membranes.For this purpose long term stability is required.Its structural as well as defect and transport properties have been extensively studied during the last decades but are still not fully understood.La 2 NiO 4+δ is the first member of the Ruddlesden-Popper phases La 2n+1 Ni n O 3n+1 where n=1, 2, 3,… determines the stacking sequence along the c-axis which consists of n perovskite layers between any two rock-salt layers.The rock salt layer accommodates oxygen interstitial ions, providing oxygen excess δ up to 0.25 [1,2].The aim of this study is to understand the anisotropic morphological and structural change of the near-surface region of a single crystal of La 2 NiO 4+δ that we observed above 1273K.[3]These structural and morphological changes were studied using SEM as well as TEM (HAADF & BF) and Electron Diffraction (SAED).The studies revealed a change in the stacking sequence along the [001] direction.At surfaces perpendicular to the crystallographic (001)-plane direction we observed the growth of crystallites of La 3 Ni 2 O 7-δ and La 4 Ni 3 O 10-δ in a different orientation than the bulk.The phase diagram and thermodynamic studies [4-6] of the system La 2 O 3 -NiO indicates that even if the n=2 and n=3 phases are stable at this temperature, they should not be present for a La/Ni ratio of 2 ; this indicates that the observed phenomenon may be linked to a Nickel enrichment or Lanthanum depletion.

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies on Fern and Fern Allied at Dered Krian National Park, Bau, Sarawak

Dered Krian is one of the National Park in Sarawak which was gazetted in 2013, located at 1° 24' 59.99" N&#13;\nlatitude and 110° 08' 60.00" E longitude, Bau, Kuching Division, Sarawak. It covers an area of about 1339 ha&#13;\nof limestone formation. As far it concern, the flora diversity and information within the areas are still&#13;\nlacking. Thus an effort to record the ferns and fern allied were conducted during the expedition organized by&#13;\nSarawak Forest Department Sarawak in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak on the 25 September&#13;\n2016 until 29 September 2016. The specimens collected were preserved and processed as herbarium&#13;\nspecimens for identification and deposited at the Herbarium Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (HUMS) and&#13;\nduplicate to Sarawak Forests Department (SAR). The observation of the characteristics of the samples were&#13;\ndone based on the fresh and herbarium specimens. The fern and fern allied structures were observed using&#13;\ndissecting microscope. As a results, a total of 18 families consisting of 29 genera and 39 species of fern were&#13;\nrecorded. The family Selaginellaceae is the most collected with four species. Other families such as&#13;\nAspleniaceae, Lygodiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae and Thelypteridaceae have each three species&#13;\nrecorded. Most of the fern and fern-allied found were terrestrial with 25 species while nine species were&#13;\nepiphytic. The most common species observed were Selaginella Beauv, Asplenium nidus L., and Drynaria&#13;\nquercifolia (L.) J.Sm. The basic descriptions and images of the species were included. The key identification&#13;\nalso done on fern and fern allied within the same genus. The results of this study will be very beneficial for&#13;\nfurther research, conservation and management of the Dered Krian National Park

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
UHMWPE with short‐chain branches synthesized by alkenyl substituted phenoxy–imine catalysts in ethylene polymerization

ABSTRACT The alkenyl substituted phenoxy–imine complexes [2‐C 3 H 5 ‐6‐(2, 3, 5, 6‐C 6 F 4 H‐NCH)C 6 H 3 O] 2 TiCl 2 (C 3 H 5 =CH 2  CHCH 2 or CHCHCH 3 ) are synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis. When activated by MAO, they show high activity for the polymerization of ethylene to UHMWPE under different conditions (temperatures and polymerization time). Most of the resulting polymers have high molecular weights (&gt;1.0 × 10 6 g·mol −1 ) and high melting points as well as crystallinity. To clarify the effect of the alkenyl group on the catalytic performance and the resultant polymer microstructure, the corresponding saturated complexes of type [2‐C 3 H 7 −6‐(2, 3, 5, 6‐C 6 F 4 H‐NCH)C 6 H 3 O] 2 TiCl 2 where C 3 H 7 = –CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 or CH(CH 3 ) 2 were synthesized and tested as catalysts in ethylene polymerization under the same reaction conditions. The microstructure and morphologies of these two species of PE samples were fully compared by the analysis of 13 C NMR, GPC, DSC, and SEM. As a result, the allyl substituted complex show the highest activity to prepare the highest molecular weight polyethylene of all the catalysts. An interesting feature of the UHMWPE produced by these four catalysts is that they contain only a few short‐chain branches (mainly methyl, isobutyl and 2‐methylhexyl branches) in a low amount (&lt;2.7 branches/1000 C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 3808–3818

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Uncertainties in the risk assessment of essential trace elements: The case of zinc

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses the Reference Dose (RED) to evaluate the noncarcinogenic effects of chemicals. This methodology assumes a “threshold”; concept, i.e., there is a level below which adverse effects will not occur. This theory has proven useful in the risk assessment and subsequent regulation of many chemicals. However, for the risk assessment of essential trace elements (ETEs), adjustments in the RfD methodology had to be made. These modifications were necessary to incorporate the fact that humans have certain nutritional requirements for ETEs, as noted in the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), in order to function properly. Since the RDAs for each ETE also vary with sex, age and physiological requirements, it was difficult to derive an RfD for an ETE that met the changing nutritional requirements of these different groups and still provided in a margin of safety at all stages. With zinc, this task was impossible. As a result, the RfD Work Group inserted a notation in the zinc RfD file that the RfD for zinc did not provide the RDA for infants, preadolescent children and, possibly, lactating women.

Topic: Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Formation Control for Lightweight UAVs Under Realistic Communications and Wind Conditions

This paper presents a formation flight controller for lightweight UAVs when flying in windy scenarios under realistic communication limitations. The susceptibility of light aircrafts to even moderate winds necessitates a controller that corrects for its effects. On the other hand, the lightness causes the wingtip vortices, which form an important concern for most works in this area, to be negligible. The parameters used in order to track the separation trajectory are cross track error, XTD, and along track distance, ATD. The lateral controller has a modified Dynamic Cell Structure for the outer loop control and a Non Linear Dynamic Inversion (NLDI) controller for the inner loop control. The aim of the lateral controller is to generate accurate aileron deflections such that precisely sufficient roll is produced to keep the follower UAV on track by maintaining XTD at zero. The longitudinal controller consists of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that controls throttle based on desired ground speed. Desired ground speed is computed using ATD and timing information obtained from the leader. Communication mechanisms have been proposed that will enable the controller to work well, despite packet latencies and possible link errors. Simulations are carried out by integrating two simulators: X-Plane 8.64 and Qualnet 4.5. Two separate X-Plane simulators (follower and leader) are interfaced via Qualnet, which simulates realistic wireless link characteristics. Results show that the proposed controller is capable of maintaining the follower within 10ft of the desired position at any point in time even with winds blowing at 30kts. The communication mechanism ensures good performance by the controller even with a 50% packet loss ratio, beyond which the probability of having more than 3 consecutive packet drops becomes high.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Operative Techniques and Outcomes in Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (LRN) is one of the commonest minimal access urological surgical procedures for renal malignancies. The procedure involves the complete removal of the affected kidney, together with the adrenal gland and surrounding Gerota’s fascia along with the ureter as distal as possible. Advantages of LRN includes decreased intra-operative blood loss, decreased post operative pain, speedy recovery and decreased duration of hospital stay. This chapter aims to describe all the operative steps in an illustrated manner and also to highlight the difficulties which may be encountered by beginners and how to troubleshoot the various difficulties and complications during the procedure.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets in the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic

We analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on emerging market real exchange rates using a Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate approach augmented by pandemic variables. We show that behavioral factors related to Covid-19 played a significant role in explaining the behavior of emerging market real exchange rates during the first wave of the pandemic. The real exchange rates were driven by the number of new Covid-19 deaths rather than by the number of new infections. These results are robust for different country samples.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Assets Restructuring,Stock Price Volatility and Insider Trading:Evidence from Major Assets Restructuring Events in China's A-share Markets

Using event study methodology to build a new insider trading research model based on the window period,this paper investigates the relationship among assets restructuring,stock price volatility and insider trading by covering all major assets restructuring events from 2008 to 2012 in China's A-share markets. The result verifies the significant existence of insider trading in major assets restructuring and the effectiveness of assets restructuring information management policies issued in 2008. Further study finds that strict supervision on related-party transactions and assets restructuring of non-state-controlled listed companies helps to curb the spread of insider information.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hard Fusion Based Spectrum Sensing over Mobile Fading Channels in Cognitive Vehicular Networks

An explosive growth in vehicular wireless applications gives rise to spectrum resource starvation. Cognitive radio has been used in vehicular networks to mitigate the impending spectrum starvation problem by allowing vehicles to fully exploit spectrum opportunities unoccupied by licensed users. Efficient and effective detection of licensed user is a critical issue to realize cognitive radio applications. However, spectrum sensing in vehicular environments is a very challenging task due to vehicle mobility. For instance, vehicle mobility has a large effect on the wireless channel, thereby impacting the detection performance of spectrum sensing. Thus, gargantuan efforts have been made in order to analyze the fading properties of mobile radio channel in vehicular environments. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated that the wireless channel in vehicular environments can be characterized by a temporally correlated Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we focus on energy detection for spectrum sensing and a counting rule for cooperative sensing based on Neyman-Pearson criteria. Further, we go into the effect of the sensing and reporting channel conditions on the sensing performance under the temporally correlated Rayleigh channel. For local and cooperative sensing, we derive some alternative expressions for the average probability of misdetection. The pertinent numerical and simulating results are provided to further validate our theoretical analyses under a variety of scenarios.

Topic: Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Completion Methodology To Improve Oil Recovery and Minimize Water Intrusion in Reservoirs Subject to Water Injection

Summary Implementing water injection during the early stage of a new reservoir's development is a process that is gaining popularity around the world. This is especially true in Saudi Arabia, where water injection is used both to improve oil recovery and to maintain pressure by placing short or long horizontal water-injection wells around the reservoir flanks. For cases where water-injection wells are placed in reservoir flanks, some of the producing wells are perforated transverse to the water-injection wells to improve the oil recovery around the involved areas. For this specific exploitation strategy, there is a potential risk of water channeling from the injector to the producing well toe, which, once it happens, might jeopardize recovery efficiency. For the referenced exploitation strategy, a new completion methodology is proposed that considers the placement of a fracture barrier at the toe of the producing well to delay water intrusion and improve recovery efficiency. This paper discusses the use of nonconductive barrier fractures and the benefits of the completion methodology, supported with extensive simulations for the different scenarios.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interactive Impacts of Rice Water Weevil1 and Sheath Blight Pathogen on Rice Yield

In the southern US, rice, Oryza sativa L., is frequently attacked simultaneously by rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, and sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. Field studies were used to determine the impact of L. oryzophilus infestation on development of sheath blight and combined effects of both L. oryzophilus and R. solani on yield of rice cultivars, ‘Cocodrie’ and ‘Jefferson’. Infestation by L. oryzophilus had no influence on severity of sheath blight in either Cocodrie or Jefferson. Grain yield of both cultivars was significantly less in response to infestation by L. oryzophilus. Infection by R. solani alone significantly reduced yield only in the susceptible cultivar Cocodrie. Percent yield losses in Cococdrie in response to exposure to L. oryzophilus and R. solani alone and in combination were 5.6, 23.9, and 20.0%, respectively. Similarly, percent yield losses in Jefferson in response to exposure to L. oryzophilus and R. solani alone and in combination were 7.3, 10.6, and 5.4%, respectively. Combined impact of infestation by L. oryzophilus and infection by R. solani on yield did not differ significantly from the impact of pathogen infection alone in Cocodrie. The combined impact of R. solani and L. oryzophilus on yield in Jefferson did not vary significantly from the impact of either alone. Results suggested that L. oryzophilus did not affect severity of sheath blight in rice, and the combined impact of L. oryzophilus and R. solani on rice yield was less than additive. Understanding the interaction between L. oryzophilus and R. solani, important pests of rice in the southern US, will help manage these pests more effectively.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemias by Cytogenetic Subtype

Abstract Background: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens known to damage somatic and germ cells. We investigated the effect of tobacco smoke on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML), especially subtypes of prenatal origin such as ALL with translocation t(12;21) or high-hyperdiploidy (51–67 chromosomes). Methods: We collected information on exposures to tobacco smoking before conception, during pregnancy, and after birth in 767 ALL cases, 135 AML cases, and 1,139 controls (1996–2008). Among cases, chromosome translocations, deletions, or aneuploidy were identified by conventional karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Multivariable regression analyses for ALL and AML overall showed no definite evidence of associations with self-reported (yes/no) parental prenatal active smoking and child's passive smoking. However, children with history of paternal prenatal smoking combined with postnatal passive smoking had a 1.5-fold increased risk of ALL [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.23], compared to those without smoking history (ORs for pre- or postnatal smoking only were close to one). This joint effect was seen for B-cell precursor ALL with t(12;21) (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04–4.16), but not high hyperdiploid B-cell ALL. Similarly, child's passive smoking was associated with an elevated risk of AML with chromosome structural changes (OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.01–7.58), but not aneuploidy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that exposure to tobacco smoking was associated with increased risks of childhood ALL and AML; and risks varied by timing of exposure (before and/or after birth) and cytogenetic subtype, based on imprecise estimates. Impact: Parents should limit exposures to tobacco smoke before and after the child's birth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1600–11. ©2013 AACR.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences