jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Physical Properties of the Swimbladders of Some South American Cypriniformes

ABSTRACT The physical properties of the swimbladders of a variety of Characinoidei, Gymnotoidei and Siluroidei were investigated and found to be essentially similar to those previously reported for Cyprinidae. The Siluroidei, however, which were all Bagridae, had much lower excess internal pressures than the other Cyprinifonnes.

Topic: Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Management of cubital tunnel syndrome by anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve

Abstract Background Various surgical options are used for the treatment of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. In this study, anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve was used for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Objectives To evaluate the surgical results of anterior trans-muscular transposition technique for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome with particular emphasis on clinical outcome. Methods Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were operated using anterior trans-muscular transposition technique. Patients were classified into post-operative clinical outcome grades according to the Wilson & Krout criteria, and they were followed up by visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and post-operative clinical evaluation. Results Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who underwent anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve show a significant clinical improvement at 24 months post-surgery regarding visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and the Wilson & Krout grading as 87.5% of the patients recorded excellent and good outcome. Conclusion Anterior transmuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is a safe and effective treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Slump and Recovery, 1926–39

The immediate sequel to the General Strike was a considerable loss of prestige to the unions in general and to the General Council in particular. The total union membership affiliated to the T.U.C, declined by almost half a million between 1925 and 1927. Especially strong criticism of the General Council naturally came from the Miners Federation, whose members remained on strike until the end of November. The tiny Communist Party also attacked the trade-union leadership, and began to recruit members rapidly, especially among the miners, so that by the end of the year its membership had doubled to a total of some 12,000. Through the agency of the National Minority Movement the Communists sought to build up opposition to the existing union leaders, with a view to their eventual replacement. There was also a much more widespread dissatisfaction with the explanations given for the failure of the General Strike, and a demand for a full post-mortem. But in response to a request from the Miners Federation, the General Council's formal report to the unions on its conduct of the strike was delayed until after the Miners' struggle was over. It seemed at first that the delay would be especially damaging to the General Council's reputation, for its members could not in the meantime defend themselves against attack.KeywordsUnemployment InsuranceLabour MovementUnion LeaderUnemployed WorkerLabour PartyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Liposarcoma of the Tongue: Case Report and Literature Update

Liposarcoma is an exceedingly rare tumor in the oral cavity. We report a case of a 70-year-old man with liposarcoma that presented as a lump on the tongue. The excised tumor was diagnosed as a well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcoma. The majority of cases of well-differentiated liposarcoma follow a relatively benign course, but the disease has a high recurrence rate. It appears that accurate clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of this lesion is difficult. The prognosis seems to depend on the histologic type, size, and location of the lesion. Wide surgical excision is important for successful management of these liposarcomas.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCXLVII.—Substituted aromatic aldehydes in Hantzsch's pyridine condensation. Part II. Methyl- and nitro-benzaldehydes

L. E. Hinkel, E. E. Ayling and W. H. Morgan, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 1835 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310001835

Topic: Synthesis and Reactions of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of aging on pathologic and immunobiologic parameters of invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Background/Aim. Most human cancers, including breast one, increase in frequency with aging. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that aging also alters breast cancer biology. Methods. The study included 120 women with primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We correlated the patients age and diagnosis with the commonly used clinical, pathological factors and newer tumor biomarkers. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for p53, c-erbB-2, Ki-67, estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) receptors, and angiogenesis. Results. In our study, the patients with axillary lymph node metastases and negative steroid hormone receptors (ER and PR) were significantly younger than the patients with nodal involvement and positive hormone receptors. There was also a significant association between the patients age, diagnosis and angiogenesis. No association was found between the patients age and tumor size, histological grade, p53, c-erbB-2, and Ki-67. Conclusion. The results of our study supported only partially the hypothesis that the breast cancer biology is significantly affected by a patient's age.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
“The Lovely Evil”

The notion that sex before a contest impedes male athletic performance has exercised a remarkably strong hold over the popular imagination and has secured a hallowed place within the lore of the sporting fraternity. The purpose of this article is to deconstruct the pregame sex myth, revealing that the various ontological layers by which the myth is constituted relate to men's deepest fears of physical and personal enervation. Grounded in an interdisciplinary approach, the article argues that the pregame sex myth represents a formidable form of antifeminine thinking derived from masculine insecurities that resonate across time and that are easily translated into denigrating actions and attitudes toward women.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-interventional pharmacovigilance studies - an analysis of real-world data sources in the HMA-EMA catalogs

Real-world data catalogs established by the Heads of Medicines Agencies and the European Medicines Agency (HMA–EMA RWD catalogues) represent a centralized digital approach for broad access to reliable data to ensure patient safety. In this study, RWD catalog analysis was conducted in order to identify best practices and challenges, focusing on finalized non-interventional studies (NISs) with a scope specified as ‘safety’. The results (n = 240) show a predominance of studies required by a pharmaceutical regulator (56.6%) as well as the importance of NIS in pharmacovigilance via inclusion in risk management plans (RMPs) (52%) and broad use of NIS in risk minimization measure (RMM) evaluation. However, the lack of a unified regulatory framework, insufficient published data, and the recognized need for digital tool implementation create the necessity for improvement within the European Union (EU) pharmaceutical legislation.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-Evaluations of Kindergarten Children: Inaccurate and Undifferentiated?

Abstract Israeli kindergartners from kibbutz and city environments evaluated themselves using Harter and Pike's (1984) pictorial scale on four domains: cognitive competence, physical competence, peer acceptance, and mother acceptance. The children were rated previously by their teachers on subscales corresponding to the first three domains. Results indicated that in their self-appraisals, kibbutz children, unlike city kindergartners, differentiated among the four evaluative domains tapped by the pictorial scale and showed a moderate level of congruence with teachers' ratings. The levels of differentiation and congruence manifested by kibbutz kindergartners were similar to those typically reported for middle elementary school children in other social contexts and cultures. The most central and differentiated domain in the self-evaluations of kibbutz children was peer acceptance, whereas for city kindergartners the most central and differentiated domain was mother acceptance. Contrary to the view that inaccurate and undifferentiated self-judgment among young children is a normal cognitive developmental phenomenon, the results indicated that the general level of cognitive maturity in young children does not severely limit their capacity for accurate and differentiated self-appraisal. The findings are consistent with approaches emphasizing the role of contextual factors in the development of social cognition.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
HN Peg B: A Test of Models of the L to T Dwarf Transition

Luhman and collaborators recently discovered an early-T dwarf companion to the G0 dwarf star HN Peg, using&#13;\nSpitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images. Companionship was established on the basis of the common proper&#13;\nmotion inferred from 1998 Two Micron All Sky Survey images and the 2004 IRAC images. In this paper we present&#13;\nnew near-infrared imaging data which confirm the common proper motion of the system.We also present new 3-4 μm&#13;\nspectroscopy of HN Peg B, which provides tighter constraints on both the bolometric luminosity determination and the comparison to synthetic spectra. New adaptive optics imaging data are also presented, which show the T dwarf to be unresolved, providing limits on the multiplicity of the object. We use the age, distance, and luminosity of the solar-metallicity T dwarf to determine its effective temperature and gravity, and compare synthetic spectra with these values, and a range of grain properties and vertical mixing, to the observed 0.8-4.0 μm spectra and mid-infrared photometry. We find that models with temperature and gravity appropriate for the older end of the age range of the system (0.5 Gyr) can do a reasonable job of fitting the data, but only if the photospheric condensate cloud deck is thin, and if&#13;\nthere is significant vertical mixing in the atmosphere. Dwarfs such as HN Peg B, with well-determined metallicity,&#13;\nradius, gravity, and temperature, will allow development of dynamical atmosphere models, leading to the solution of&#13;\nthe puzzle of the L to T dwarf transition.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME FROM A PREVIOUSLY SILENT PITUITARY TUMOUR

Abstract A 60 year old woman originally presented with headache. Investigations revealed a pituitary tumour and endocrine investigations at that time showed normal plasma Cortisol levels. Seven years after removal of this tumour, the patient developed the clinical and biochemical features of Cushing's disease. Immunoperoxidase staining of the original tumour was positive for adrenocor‐ticotrophic hormone. This report suggests that immunocytochemistry may have an important role in the routine evaluation of pituitary tumours.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chip platforms with synthetic lipid bilayers for electrophysiological analyses of pore proteins and extracellular vesicles

Abstract In this paper, we present microfluidic chip platforms to enable electrophysiological measurements of nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles. The basis of the chip platform is the realization of a synthetic free-standing lipid bilayer spanned within a microfabricated aperture. To allow ion channel current measurements, the background current noise level should be reduced to a minimum. This can be realized by coating microfabricated apertures from silicon, silicon oxide, or silicon nitride with PTFE or Parylene. Three promising chip platform designs are presented. Electrophysiological measurements conducted with these microfluidic systems show gating events of membrane proteins fused into synthetic lipid bilayers.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel approach of watermarking for multiple images with DWT-DCT

In this paper, a novel approach is discussed, to embed the multiple images (more than one image) with single cover image. More than one image coefficients are can be effectively embedded into cover image coefficients. The 3 images (cover image, 2 watermark images) are transformed into wavelet coefficients. One of the coefficients of watermark images LLw1 & LLw2 & cover image LLc & HHc are follows DCT & embedding process respectively. The resultant cover image hiding multiple watermark images respectively. The quantitative & qualitative analysis is discussed with Normalized Correlation (NC), Mean square error (MSE) & Peak Signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phase Behavior and Crystalline Phases of Ionic Liquid-Lithium Salt Mixtures with 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts

The thermal phase behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (IM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;TFSI where &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; = 1, 2, or 4 for methyl, ethyl or butyl, respectively) ionic liquid binary mixtures with LiTFSI have been investigated as models for electrolytes for lithium batteries. Diverse phase behavior is found with significant variations noted from similar mixtures in which the imidazolium cations are replaced with &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-alkyl-&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-methylpyrrolidinium cations. The crystal structure for a (1−&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;) IM&lt;sub&gt;101&lt;/sub&gt;TFSI-(&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;) LiTFSI (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 0.50) (or 1/1 IM&lt;sub&gt;101&lt;/sub&gt;TFSI/LiTFSI) phase is reported to further clarify the molecular level interactions occurring in these binary salt mixtures.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fruit Breeding

Fruit Breeding is an art and science demanding prolonged time, space and intrinsic qualities. Seed propagation leads to heterogeneity and asexual propagation of elite clones’ leads to newer and novel types. There are temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fruits differing in photo and thermo periodic requirements. There are also parthenocarpic and apomictic fruit trees demanding special breeding methods for improvement. Aroma, taste and flavor are unique to fruits unlike other horticultural crops like vegetables, spices, plantation crops and tubers. The book unravels history of fruit breeding, biodiversity, challenges approaches and prospects, apomixes, mutation breeding, role of insects in fruit production, molecular markers, statistical techniques, rootstock breeding, breeding of mango, citrus, banana, papaya, guava, sapota, jackfruit, sugarapple/sweetsop Indian jujube and jamun. The 20 s in the book authored by 15 scientists from six Research Institutes and Universities expose readers to a new world of fruit breeding, very seldom ventured by breeders.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SI 17: GIS coordinates of percussion marks for each bone series recorded during zooarchaeological analyses on the remains of long bones after the experiment and cleaning. Skeletal element, individual number, bone number, remain number, percussion marks number, coordinates XY.Percussion mark type are 1: Notch ; 2: notch with adhering flake ; 3: ovoid pit ; 4: triangular pit ; 6: crushing mark.

The coordinates are used with the coordinate system as WGS 1984 using the following coordinates Step2 in the file: "bone coordinates.txt"<br>Trajanka Stavrova. GIS analysis of percussion marks using ArcMap 10.4 . <b>protocols.io </b>https://protocols.io/view/gis-analysis-of-percussion-marks-using-arcmap-10-4-zipf4dn

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Backstepping Integral Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Based Fault-tolerant Control of Dual-motor Synchronous Anti-backlash Servo System with Extended State Observer

Considering the actuator failures of the dual-motor synchronous anti-backlash servo system, this paper proposes a robust fault-tolerant control strategy to ensure the system stable operation when the above faults occur. Firstly, the position controller is designed by the backstepping integral nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method with a double power reaching law. To avoid the excessive control value caused by the derivation process, the reference position signal is smoothed by a command-filter. Meanwhile, the linear extended state observer is introduced to compensate the whole disturbance of the system which improves the robustness ability of the system. Secondly, an adaptive torque distribution controller is designed to solve the motor actuator failures. When one side motor failure is detected, the controller can adaptively change the proportional gain of the motor torque/current command to guarantee the system can still work normally in the single motor driving condition. The co-simulation experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Topic: Control Systems in Engineering
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Common Refugee Integration Fund. EPC Commentary, 15 October 2015

The refugee crisis will be dominating discussions at the EU Summit. Cooperating with third countries, especially Turkey; border
controls, hotspots, relocation and returns will all feature. These discussions reflect that the EU is in crisis response mode,
attempting to deal with the sheer scale of the current flows and the rapidly evolving situation, as well as internal divisions.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[An answer to an inquiry on diffuse panbronchiolitis. Now it has found its way here!].

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a disease characterised by chronic inflammation in the region of respiratory bronchioles. The condition has mainly been observed in Japanese patients, though isolated cases have been reported from other countries. In a review published in Läkartidningen (37/94), the question was raised of why this disease had not been seen in Scandinavia, and whether this might be the result of missed diagnosis. The diagnostic criteria were listed, and the question was posed of whether (Scandinavian) physicians existed who had encountered patients with chronic sinusitis, persistent cough and inexplicable nodular changes in lung x-rays. As a direct result of this enquiry, the present article reports what may well be the first Scandinavian patient to fulfil all the diagnostic criteria of DPB. The patient responded with improved lung function and normalised blood gases to a combined treatment regimen comprising immunosuppression (cyclophosphamide and prednisolone) and nebulised antibiotics (gentamicin).

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hydration Repulsion Difference between Ordered and Disordered Membranes Due to Cancellation of Membrane–Membrane and Water-Mediated Interactions

Hydration repulsion acts between all sufficiently polar surfaces in water at small separations and prevents dry adhesion up to kilobar pressures. Yet it remained unclear whether this ubiquitous force depends on surface structure or is a sole water property. We demonstrate that previous deviations among different experimental measurements of hydration pressures in phospholipid bilayer stacks disappear when plotting data consistently as a function of repeat distance or membrane surface distance. The resulting pressure versus distance curves agree quantitatively with our atomistic simulation results and exhibit different decay lengths in the ordered gel and the disordered fluid states. This suggests that hydration forces are not caused by water ordering effects alone. Splitting the simulated total pressure into membrane–membrane and water-mediated parts shows that these contributions are opposite in sign and of similar magnitude, thus they are equally important. The resulting net hydration pressure between membranes is what remains from the near-cancellation of these ambivalent contributions.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ALTERATION REPRESENTATION IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION GRAPHIC TO GRAPHIC

Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyze the alteration representation in the process of translation graphic to graphic where students were asked to solve derivative and integral graphics problems. Methodology: This research used a pseudo-experimental study with Pretest-posttest nonequivalent Group Design. This research was conducted on 24 mathematics education students. Students were asked to solve derivative and integral graphics problems. Some samples of students were interviewed to determine the translation process. Main Findings: The results of the study showed that the subject used two different methods to carry out the translation process. Thus, all students perform the process of translating the graphic representation into graphs with two different methods, namely the interval and the symbolic. Applications of this study: The implications of this study indicated that the translation process can help students solve problems, especially problems with graphs and algebra, also revealed activity in the translation process different from that of other researchers before. Novelty/Originality of this study: Researchers express a new activity to the translation by calling the conversion Intermediary In the stages of Preliminary Coordination (PC) and Objective Construction (CT), S1 and S2 show different forms.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences