jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
JET LUMINOSITY OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE BLANDFORD–ZNAJEK MECHANISM VERSUS THE NEUTRINO ANNIHILATION PROCESS

A neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) around a rotating stellar-mass\nblack hole (BH) is one of the plausible candidates for the central engine of\ngamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Two mechanisms, i.e., Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism\nand neutrino annihilation process, are generally considered to power GRBs.\nUsing the analytic solutions from Xue et al. (2013) and ignoring the effects of\nthe magnetic field configuration, we estimate the BZ and neutrino annihilation\nluminosities as the functions of the disk masses and BH spin parameters to\ncontrast the observational jet luminosities of GRBs. The results show that,\nalthough the neutrino annihilation processes could account for most of GRBs,\nthe BZ mechanism is more effective, especially for long-duration GRBs.\nActually, if the energy of afterglows and flares of GRBs is included, the\ndistinction between these two mechanisms is more significant. Furthermore,\nmassive disk mass and high BH spin are beneficial to power high luminosities of\nGRBs. Finally, we discuss possible physical mechanisms to enhance the disk mass\nor the neutrino emission rate of NDAFs and relevant difference between these\ntwo mechanisms.\n

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Zygmund regularity of even singular integral operators on domains

Given a bounded Lipschitz domain $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d,$ a convolution Calderón-Zygmund operator $T$ and a growth function $ω(x)$ of type $n$, we study what conditions on the boundary of the domain are sufficient for boundedness of the restricted even operator $T_D$ on the generalized Zygmund space $C^ω_*(D)$. Based on a recent T(P) theorem, we prove that this holds if the smoothness of the boundary of a domain $D$ is by one point, in a sense, greater than the smoothness of the corresponding Zygmund space $C^ω_*(D)$. The main argument of the proof are the higher order gradient estimates of the transform $T_Dχ_D$ of the characteristic function of a domain with the polynomial boundary.

Topic: Advanced Harmonic Analysis Research
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Living with a depressed person in Denmark: A qualitative study

Background: Strategies for coping with the burdens of living with a depressed person affect a family’s psychosocial environment. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how relatives make personal sense of living with a depressed family member. Methods: Thirteen cohabitant relatives were interviewed either individually or in a focus group. The transcribed interviews were interpreted thematically. Results: Relatives went through a psychosocial transformation process driven by the twin challenges of their attitudes towards the depressed family member and of stigma. Conclusions: More could be done to resolve families’ need for information and for emotional and practical support promoting recovery.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Traffic multiplexing networks: queueing analysis

Summary form only given. The multiplexer of independent inputs, each being regenerative ON-OFF, i.e. memoryless OFF and generally distributed ON has been recently resurrected in the limit M/G//spl infin/ and subexponentially tailed ON for the purpose of understanding the long range dependence and the self-similarity of the aggregation of heterogeneous high speed traffic. We remark that for the purpose of computing the tail distribution, the M/G//spl infin/ subexponentially tailed ON reduces to one subexponentially tailed ON multiplexed with compound Poisson input and that furthermore, it is possible to obtain a complete analysis for a multiplexing network. A unidirectional bus is a special case (tandem concentrating network). A single multiplexer is a further specialized case (concentrating station). We assume that the service rate is nondecreasing in the direction of the traffic flow (in particular all the stations may have the same service rate). We point out that for input/output purposes the network is equivalent to a single multiplexer and that under these assumptions the network becomes a distributed multiplexer for which the multidimensional queueing process sampled at particular epochs along a tandem path decomposes in stationarity into independent one dimensional processes. We discuss the network queueing analysis for several service disciplines (FCFS, priority), searching for the distribution of the buffer content at each station and for the joint queueing distribution encountered by each source at all the stations along its tandem path.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 804958: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Counselling and helping

From a situation in the mid-1960s when 'counselling' was seen by many in education as a transatlantic transplant which hopefully would never 'take', we have today reached the position of being on board a band-wagon; 'counsellors' are everywhere: beauty counsellors, tax counsellors, investment counsellors, even carpet counsellors. There are 'counsellors' in schools, industry, hospitals, the social services. There is marriage counselling, divorce counselling, parent counselling, bereavement counselling, abortion counselling, retirement counselling, redundancy counselling, career counselling, psychosexual counselling, pastoral counselling, student counselling and even disciplinary counselling! Whatever the original purpose for coining the word 'counselling', the coinage has by now certainly been debased. One of the unfortunate consequences of the debasing has been that the word has become mysterious; we cannot always be sure just what 'counselling' involves. One of the results of the mystification of language is that we rely on others to tell us what it is: that is, we assume that we, the uninitiated, cannot know and understand what it is really about. That can be a first step to denying ourselves skills and knowledge we already possess or that we may have the potential to acquire.KeywordsGroup CounsellingPersonal CompetenceCounselling SkillYouth WorkerCrisis CounsellingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Solvent pre-treatment effect on germination of creeping devil cactus (Stenocereus eruca) seeds

Stenocereus eruca is a columnar horizontally grown cactus that can “move” on the groundrelatively fast. It is considered an endangered species and endemic to a very small extensionof land in Baja California Sur, México. Seedling recruitment seems to be a big problem for itspropagation; however, it can propagate asexually. There is strong evidence that seed pretreatmentwith organic solvents affect seed germination ability. Thus, the objective of thisstudy was to determine the effect of treating chirinola seeds, collected from Puerto SanCarlos area, with different solvents in terms of rate and total germination. The experimentwas arranged in a completely randomized design using two different solvents (acetone anddichloromethane) with four replicates of 25 seeds each one. Pre-treatment of chirinola seedswith acetone increased total germination almost double (62%) as compared to the control(32%). On the other hand, pre-treatment of the seeds with dichloromethane reduced totalgermination to 0%. The use of this two solvent for pre-treatment of the seeds had verydifferent effect of germination making acetone a suitable solvent in order to increase totalgermination of chirinola seeds.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Generation of a Functionalized Tertiary‐Alkyl Radical for Copper‐Catalyzed Tertiary‐Alkylative Mizoroki—Heck Type Reaction.

Abstract For the first time a Cu‐triamine catalyzed tertiary‐alkylative reaction of a variety of styrenes with functionalized tertiary‐alkyl halides under mild condition is presented.

Topic: Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Taking account of the family: another form of focusing on health problems in primary care. Instruments of the family approach

Muchas veces síntomas somáticos que no mejoran con las medidas convencionales son reflejo de problemas ocultos relacionados con el entorno del paciente, y ese entorno suele ser el familiar. Pero, no sólo la familia permite comprender los problemas, sino que es un recurso de incalculable valor para atender de forma global los problemas de salud, y enriquecer ésta desde el modelo biopsicosocial. Investigaciones científicas revelan la influencia de la familia en el proceso de enfermar; muchas enfermedades van precedidas de acontecimientos vitales estresantes, siendo el principal el fallecimiento del cónyuge, seguidos del divorcio y ruptura matrimonial. Mujeres con bajo apoyo familiar sufrían más complicaciones obstétricas y los pacientes diabéticos tenían unos mejores cuidados cuando se veía implicada la familia. Existen varios instrumentos que permiten conocer la familia: el método de los círculos o eco-mapa y el mapa familiar son útiles en intervenciones breves, pero por su funcionalidad destaca el genograma, que se define como "la representación gráfica de la familia a lo largo del tiempo y de las relaciones de sus miembros". La elaboración de este instrumento puede llevar desde 10 a 30 minutos con el paciente y, en algunas ocasiones con algún familiar. Las principales utilidades de su interpretación son: como sistema de registro, instrumento de relación con el paciente, detección de factores de riesgo y problemas psicosociales e identificación de recursos familiares, psicosociales, familias disfuncionales y para actividades docentes e investigadoras.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Quasi-Quantum Model of Potentization

Analytical time-dependent functions describing the change of the concentration of the solvent S(t) and the homeopathic active substance A(t) during the decimal and centesimal dilution are derived. The function S(t) is a special case of the West-Brown-Enquist curve describing the ontogenic growth, hence the increase in concentration of the solvent during potentization resembles the growth of biological systems. It is proven that the macroscopic S(t) function is the ground state solution of the microscopic non-local Horodecki-Feinberg equation for the time-dependent Hulthen potential at the critical screening. In consequence the potentization belongs to the class of quasi-quantum phenomena playing an important role both in the biological systems and homeopathy. A comparison of the model proposed with recently performed experiment on delayed luminescence of the homeopathic remedy will be also made.

Topic: Biofield Effects and Biophysics
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antibiotics for undifferentiated acute respiratory tract infections in children under five years of age

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to systematically collect evidence about the effectiveness and safety of antibiotics in preventing complications in children aged two to 59 months with undifferentiated ARIs and acute infection‐related cough.

Topic: Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Capsule Network Based Modeling of Multi-omics Data for Discovery of Breast Cancer-Related Genes

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers all over the world, which bring about more than 450,000 deaths each year. Although this malignancy has been extensively studied by a large number of researchers, its prognosis is still poor. Since therapeutic advance can be obtained based on gene signatures, there is an urgent need to discover genes related to breast cancer that may help uncover the mechanisms in cancer progression. We propose a deep learning method for the discovery of breast cancer-related genes by using Capsule Network based Modeling of Multi-omics Data (CapsNetMMD). In CapsNetMMD, we make use of known breast cancer-related genes to transform the issue of gene identification into the issue of supervised classification. The features of genes are generated through comprehensive integration of multi-omics data, e.g., mRNA expression, z scores for mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and two forms of DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs). By modeling features based on the capsule network, we identify breast cancer-related genes with a significantly better performance than other existing machine learning methods. The predicted genes with prognostic values play potential important roles in breast cancer and may serve as candidates for biologists and medical scientists in the future studies of biomarkers.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A review of social disinhibition after traumatic brain injury

Acquired social disinhibition refers to a debilitating behavioural syndrome commonly reported after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by inappropriate social behaviour, often described as immaturity and insensitivity towards others. These behaviours can have enduring effects on the social capability of the individual and their relationships with others. However, research into socially disinhibited behaviour after TBI has been thwarted by a lack of consensus in the literature on definition and measurement. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the definition, measurement, prevalence, associated outcomes, neuropathology, and underlying mechanisms of social disinhibition after TBI. In addition, suggestions are made for future research to further our understanding of this syndrome with the eventual aim of rehabilitating problematic behaviours. It is concluded that an improved understanding of what causes disinhibited behaviour after TBI will be necessary for the development of effective treatment strategies aimed at the rehabilitation of underlying impairments.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tasks Made By Educational Supervisors towards Intermediate Stage Teachers from the Teachers' Points of Views

The aim of this study is to acknowledge some tasks made by educational supervisors towards intermediate stage teachers from the teachers' point of views. The sample was composed of some 622 teachers, from governmental schools, intermediate level Then. they were selected randomly from the seven educational supervising centers in Riyadh City (Northern, Western, Southern, Eastern, Central, Rawdah, and Al Sweidi). The percentage of sample to population is 17.69%. The researcher designed a questionnaire, composed of three parts, the first part deals with some information about the teacher's experience. academic qualification, and subject taught. The second part of the questionnaire discusses what the educational supervisor does in each visit. The third part deals with supervising activity, made by the supervisor in the second visit. &#13;\nAfter viewing Arab and foreign studies in the field of educational supervision, and after conducting statistical analysis, the study reached the following results. The most important of these results is the development of the teacher evaluation form currently used by the educational supervising department. That is, it is to be designed on the basis of educational and scientific criteria, which measure the role and performance of the teacher in the educational process in and outside the class. In addition, the study concentrates on the importance of educational reports submitted by educational superb isms to he scientifically studied and analyzed. for these reports are main source necessary for developing teachers' performance and increasing their educational level. Also. these reports can be used to treat some effective constraints of educational supervision efficiency, and paying more interest for teachers type and in service training. So. new attitudes and approach in the field of educational supervision should be adopted, such as using clinical supervision, cooperative supervision, objected supervision, and developmental supervision. as part of educational supervision.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Activation of cellular death programs associated with immunosenescence-like phenotype in TPPII knockout mice

The giant cytosolic protease tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) has been implicated in the regulation of proliferation and survival of malignant cells, particularly lymphoma cells. To address its functions in normal cellular and systemic physiology we have generated TPPII-deficient mice. TPPII deficiency activates cell type-specific death programs, including proliferative apoptosis in several T lineage subsets and premature cellular senescence in fibroblasts and CD8 + T cells. This coincides with up-regulation of p53 and dysregulation of NF-κB. Prominent degenerative alterations at the organismic level were a decreased lifespan and symptoms characteristic of immunohematopoietic senescence. These symptoms include accelerated thymic involution, lymphopenia, impaired proliferative T cell responses, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Thus, TPPII is important for maintaining normal cellular and systemic physiology, which may be relevant for potential therapeutic applications of TPPII inhibitors.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1

Abstract Background In herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (DVE), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. There is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein. Results DEV UL15 consists of two exons with a 3.5 kilobases (kb) inron and transcribes into two transcripts: the full-length UL15 and an N-terminally truncated UL15.5. The 2.9 kb UL15 transcript encodes a protein of 739 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 82 kiloDaltons (kDa), whereas the UL15.5 transcript is 1.3 kb in length, containing a putative 888 base pairs (bp) ORF that encodes a 32 kDa product. We also demonstrated that UL15 gene belonged to the late kinetic class as its expression was sensitive to cycloheximide and phosphonoacetic acid. UL15 is highly conserved within the Herpesviridae , and contains Walker A and B motifs homologous to the catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage terminase as revealed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the amino acid sequences of 23 herpesvirus UL15 homologues suggests a close relationship of DEV to the Mardivirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae . Further, the UL15 and UL15.5 proteins can be detected in the infected cell lysate but not in the sucrose density gradient-purified virion when reacting with the antiserum against UL15. Within the CEF cells, the UL15 and/or UL15.5 localize(s) in the cytoplasm at 6 h post infection (h p. i.) and mainly in the nucleus at 12 h p. i. and at 24 h p. i., while accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm in the absence of any other viral protein. Conclusions DEV UL15 is a spliced gene that encodes two products encoded by 2.9 and 1.3 kb transcripts respectively. The UL15 is expressed late during infection. The coding sequences of DEV UL15 are very similar to those of alphaherpesviruses and most similar to the genus Mardivirus . The UL15 and/or UL15.5 accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm during early times post-infection and then are translocated to the nucleus at late times.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Space Medicine: Scope, Progress and Applicability to Other Medical Fields

Significant contributions to medical knowledge can be expected as a result of research and development in space medicine. Information about radiation, greater knowledge of physiologic responses, and improved bioinstrumentation and analysis and data storage technics are examples. Developments in bioinstrumentation may be the key to earlier diagnosis of many pathologic states. The major problems attending the medical support of man in space are reviewed, and the progress of space medicine as a national program is summarized.

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences