jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Not All Errors are Created Equal

Large indoor spaces continue to pose challenges to independent navigation for people who are blind. Unfortunately, assistive technologies designed to support indoor navigation frequently make errors that are technically difficult or impossible to eliminate. We conducted a study to explore whether there are strategic ways designers can minimize the impact of inevitable errors on user experience. This paper summarizes an online survey of 41 blind individuals regarding their projected acceptance to three types of errors expected of these devices. We found that some errors were more acceptable than others. Factors that impacted results included the error type and the social/environmental setting.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Between Popular Belief and Fact

The issue of media violence and desensitization is not possible to grasp strictly through "objective" scientific effects experimentation or "subjective" ethnographic research. Rather, the distinction between popular belief and knowledge continually belies any certainty. Belief is minimally reflective; it is transferred onto the Other. Within the media violence hypothesis this is easily demonstrated by the displacement that occurs when children regularly deny being influenced by television, film, or video game violence when asked by researchers. They most often claim that younger children are so affected, but not them. Adults make the same denial. It is always youth who are affected whereas they are immune because they are more mature, adult. The strongest rhetorical ploy is to evoke the image of a two-or three-year-old mesmerized by the television set, fixated on some violent action (televised wrestling is often mentioned) with the usual claim that such a child is unable to tell the difference between fantasy and reality. This is, of course, nonsense, unless we are talking about the pathology of psychosis or autism. Any neurotic child can tell the difference between fantasy and reality once the ego is formed (ca. 18 months). This is the distinction that Hodge and Tripp (1986) maintain in Children and Television (1986) probably the earliest media study, which was semiotically informed. Fantasy equated with reality (RL) is more likely to happen after the ego is formed.KeywordsVideo GamePopular BeliefPsychic DistanceSymbolic OrderSchool ShootingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Seed quality of six eggplant cultivars as influenced by harvesting time

Seed quality is a key factor in crop production and food security, particularly during the increasing uncertainty due to climate change. In this study, the effect of harvesting time on seed quality of six eggplant cultivars (<i>Solanum gilo:</i> Dwomo, Kpando, <i>Solanum melongena</i>: GH 3870, GH 3887, <i>Solanum macrocarpon</i>: GH 1072, GH 4918) was assessed at the experimental site of CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Eastern Region, Ghana. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Fruits of six eggplant cultivars were harvested at the fully ripe stage at weekly intervals for a period of nine weeks and seeds extracted after each harvest. Seed quality of eggplant cultivars was assessed by 100-seed weight, seed vigour and germination percentage at weekly intervals. The results showed a significant difference in 100-seed weight among all the cultivars at different harvesting times. GH 1072 had the highest 100-seed weight with the lowest being Dwomo at all harvesting times. No germination was observed at first harvest among the six cultivars. Seed vigour increased at 7, 8 and 9 weeks after harvesting in all the cultivars. The highest vigour and germination percentage were observed in GH 1072 followed by GH 3870. The results obtained indicates that seed quality of eggplant cultivars increases with harvesting time. This varied within and among eggplant species.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
1G2A IMU\GPS Integration Algorithm for Land Vehicle Navigation

A general decline in the cost, size, and power requirements of electronics is accelerating the adoption of integrated GPS/INS technologies in consumer applications such Land Vehicle Navigation. Researchers are looking for ways to eliminate additional components from product designs. One possibility is to drop one or more of the relatively expensive gyroscopes from microelectromechanical system (MEMS) versions of inertial measurement units (IMUs). For land vehicular use, the most important gyroscope is the vertical gyro that senses the heading of the vehicle and two horizontal accelerometers for determining the velocity of the vehicle. This paper presents a simplified integration algorithm for strap down (ParIMU)\GPS combination, with data post processing for the determination of 2-D components of position (trajectory), velocity and heading. In the present approach we have neglected earth rotation and gravity variations, because of the poor gyroscope sensitivities of the low-cost IMU and because of the relatively small area of the trajectory.

Topic: Inertial Sensor and Navigation
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extremists are extremely extreme

China's foreign policy during the Cultural Revolution is usually treated as a non-event. Melvin Gurtov in his careful and extremely useful chronological account of China's foreign policy at this time (RAND, RM-5934-PR) still deems it “an aberrant episode” (VII, 83). He describes it as the manifestation of a power struggle between extreme young zealots and implacable older powerholders. “Substantive policy views” are almost beside the point (76). Far Eastern Economic Review (1968 Year Book) also characterizes Cultural Revolution foreign policy as one of “excesses” and “‘extreme’ behavior,” giving anti-foreignism as its content. Anti-foreignism is seen as a deeply felt belief that an attempt to borrow from foreigners has resulted in “manipulation and exploitation” by foreigners. Yung Ho, writing for the Union Research Institue's (URI) Communist China 1967, finds the essence of Mao's thought to be opposition to “anything foreign,” and China's attempt at “propagating Mao-Tse-tung's thought abroad” to be an aggressive policy “even worse than Hitler's rule,” one which inevitably produced setbacks which further isolate China (326–327).

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Witterungs - Anomalien in Europa. Isothermen des December 1879. 1879. Isothermen des December 1880. Isobaren des December 1880. Entw. v. J. Hann 1884, Ausg. 1886. Gotha: Justus Perthes. (On upper margin) III. Abt. Meteorologie No. IX. Berghaus' physikal atlas No. 35. Atlas der Meteorologie. (Berghaus' physikalischer atlas, Abteilung III). (to Accompany) Berghaus' Physikalischer Atlas. (Begrundet 1836 durch Heinrich Berghaus) ... Gotha: Justus Perthes. 1892.

4 color maps on 1 sheet. Showing regional weather anomalies in Europe. Isothermal Lines, showing the mean temperature for December. Isobaric Lines prevailing atmospheric pressure for December. Prime meridian is Greenwich.

Topic: Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Hospital Healthcare Monitoring System Using Internet of Things Technologies

In any hospital health care monitoring system, it is necessary to constantly monitor the patient's physiological parameters. Previous studies report that important parameters of any patient that have to be monitored in hospital are heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, change in systolic blood pressure, motion, posture and its location. This work presents a monitoring system that has the capability to monitor in real-time the physiological parameters of the patient using a comfortable wearable device. A Wireless Sensor Network in collaboration with multiple wireless relay nodes, are responsible for collecting and sending the signals from the wireless sensors to the base station. The data is stored and processed using intelligent techniques in a cloud-based environment. Early warning alerts are automatically sent to the medical staff allowing them to intervene on time and earlier than when using manual vital sign observations. By grouping patients according to risk, medical experts can continuously monitor patients health status and quickly identify those that need their attention most.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Facilitating the development of shared athlete leadership: Insights from intercollegiate coaches

A growing body of literature supports the shared nature of athlete leadership, where athletes engage in a collaborative process of influence through formal or informal leadership positions. This shared approach has been positively associated with a number of characteristics of effective team functioning including team identification, collective efficacy, cohesion, and team resilience. Despite this, scant research is available on how coaches are developing shared athlete leadership in their teams. As such, the purpose of the present study was to examine intercollegiate coaches' practices for facilitating the development of shared athlete leadership. Data from semi-structured interviews with 15 current U Sports (n = 10) and Canadian Collegiate Athletics Association (n = 5) head coaches were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. The coaches described their desire to empower athletes as a motive for adopting shared approaches to athlete leadership. In turn, coaches discussed various practices for facilitating the development of shared athlete leadership in their teams. Specifically, coaches' practices were discussed in relation to the use of leadership groups and alternative leadership structures (e.g., rotating captaincy, defined leadership roles, and "captainless" teams), the creation of a positive team environment, and deliberate athlete leadership development efforts. The findings provide insights into how coaches can facilitate the development of shared athlete leadership in their teams.Lay Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine intercollegiate coaches' practices for facilitating the development of shared athlete leadership. The coaches discussed wanting to empower their athletes, the use of leadership groups and alternative leadership structures, the creation of a positive team environment, and deliberate athlete leadership development as strategies used to develop shared athlete leadership.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Absorption Spectra and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Polypyridine Ligands\nContaining Appended Pyrenyl and Anthryl Chromophores and of Their Ruthenium(II) and\nOsmium(II) Complexes

The absorption spectra and luminescence properties (both in fluid solution at room temperature and in rigid\nmatrix at 77 K) of four polypyridine ligands substituted with pyrenyl and anthryl chromophores have been\ninvestigated, together with the same properties of 15 Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes prepared using the same\nligands. Absorption spectroscopy revealed that the various chromophores contribute to the overall absorption\nspectra of the mixed-chromophore species in a roughly additive way. The photophysical investigations allowed\nus to obtain information on several aspects. For example, in the mixed pyrene−anthracene bipyridine-based\nsystems, efficient singlet−singlet pyrene-to-anthracene energy transfer takes place, whereas the same process\ninvolving the triplet states is apparently not efficient, unless a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited-state mediates the process. The luminescence properties of the Ru(II) complexes are dominated by &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;MLCT\nlevels at room temperature (with a few exceptions, that is, the anthracene-containing species) and by pyrene-\nand/or anthracene-based triplet states at 77 K. However, at room-temperature, equilibration between &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;MLCT\nand pyrene triplets levels is established, and as a consequence, the luminescence lifetimes of the complexes\nare significantly prolonged (up to 18 μs for the species containing six pyrenyl chromophores). This excited-state lifetime prolongation is linearly related to the number of pyrenyl chromophores and is independent of\nconnectivity. The photophysical properties of the Os(II) complexes are dominated by &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;MLCT levels both at\nroom temperature and at 77 K. However, the anthryl chromophores clearly influence the excited-state lifetime\nof these complexes at room temperature. Indeed, although the anthracene-based triplet states lie at higher\nenergy than the &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;MLCT levels, an excited-state equilibration process is also established, as clearly demonstrated\nby transient absorption spectroscopy, and the luminescence lifetime is (slightly) extended.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Optimal Shape for a Unit PEM Fuel Cell

This paper develops a mathematical model and a structured procedure to optimize the internal structure (relative sizes, spacings) and external shape (aspect ratios) of a unit PEM fuel cell so that net power is maximized. The optimization of flow geometry is conducted for the smallest (elemental) level of a fuel cell stack, i.e., the unit PEM fuel cell, which is modeled as a unidirectional flow system. The polarization curve, total and net power, and efficiency are obtained as functions of temperature, pressure, geometry and operating parameters. The optimization is subjected to fixed total volume. There are two levels of optimization: (i) the internal structure, which basically accounts for the relative thicknesses of two reaction and diffusion layers and the membrane space, and (ii) the external shape, which accounts for the external aspect ratios of a square section plate that contains all unit PEM fuel cell components. The available volume is distributed optimally through the system so that the net power is maximized. Temperature and pressure gradients play important roles, especially as the fuel and oxidant flow paths increase. Numerical results show that the optimized internal structure is “robust” with respect to changes in external shape. The optimized internal structure and external shape are results of the optimal balance between electrical power output and pumping power required to supply fuel and oxidant to the fuel cell through the gas channels. Directions for future improvements at the PEM fuel cell stack level in constructal geometric optimization are discussed.

Topic: Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protrusio acetabuli: radiographic appearance in arthritis and other conditions

Normal radiographic anatomic relationships, as well as distortion of those relationships in protrusio acetabuli, have been described. The occurrence of this deformity in arthropathies is stressed and other entities are mentioned and illustrated. Standard anteroposterior hip or pelvis radiographs readily permit the detection of protrusio acetabuli.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Indicators for managing human centred manufacturing

Establishing indicators for managing human factors (HF) aspects in the design of production systems remains a challenge. We address the problem in two dimensions – firstly, what aspects of HF are to be considered, and secondly, where in the development process HF is to be measured. In these dimensions a large number of HF metrics are possible in the perceptual, cognitive, physical and psychosocial domains of HF. The relevance of these measures to injury, productivity, quality and organizational strategy continue to be poorly understood. From this perspective we make propositions on the need for: 1) strategic HF metrics selection, 2) metrics application throughout the development process, 3) predictive ‘virtual’ HF metrics approaches, 4) metrics based design guidelines, 5) connecting metrics with design choices and strategies, 6) integrating HF metrics within existing approaches, 7) continuous improvement of the metrics system, and 8) the need to evaluate metrics system quality.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Multifunctional polarization mapping system of networks of biological crystals in the diagnostics of pathological and necrotic changes of human organs

The results of multifunctional polarization-phase mapping of histological sections of adenoma and prostate carcinoma are presented. Used methods of statistical and wavelet analysis. The criteria for differentiation of benign and malignant conditions are obtained.

Topic: Advanced Scientific Research Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Properties of the Item Score Matrix

A method of deriving from the item score matrix all the usual statistics describing the performance on a test of a group of examinees is given. Since this matrix usually is not actually written out, but is implicit in a set of punched cards, a method of working from a more compact matrix F is described. A numerical example is presented. Applications and advantages of the method are cited, as compared with that of recording only the examinees' test scores and the item difficulties.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gender inequities in sexual risks among youth with HIV in Kigali, Rwanda

Understanding the experiences of youth living with HIV (YLH) is necessary for implementing interventions that mitigate HIV transmission. We conducted a survey of sexual behaviours and sources of knowledge among 107 youths aged 16–24 attending two HIV clinics in Kigali, Rwanda. Respondents were 72% women and 28% men, with median age 18 years. Of those sexually active in the past six months, 56% reported inconsistent condom use; 53% of sexually active respondents reported having sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms in the past six months. The median age difference between respondent and first sex partner was nine years for women, and 0.5 years for men ( P = 0.006). Women more frequently reported being forced to have sex (29% girls versus 6.5% boys, P = 0.011) and exchanging sex for money (66% girls versus. 17% boys, P = 0.033). Strengthening female YLH's financial and material resources may reduce the number of sexual partners, asymmetries within partnerships and risk of HIV transmission.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
0189 Work Productivity Loss Associated with Sleep Duration, Insomnia Severity, Sleepiness, and Snoring

The present study examined the relationship between sleep symptoms and work productivity in a diverse community sample. Data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study was used, including N=1,007 adults age 22–60. Work productivity was assessed with the validated Well-being Assessment of Productivity (WBAP), which includes items assessing impact of health, caregiving, lack of resources, coworker issues, overscheduling, supervisor issues, worries, depression/anxiety, financial stress, technical issues, and lack of training (each scored 0–2). Sleep duration was assessed using the NHANES item for typical weekday sleep and categorized as very short (≤4h) short (5-6h), normal (7-8h, reference), and long (≥9h). Other measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (none, mild, moderate/severe), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (low/high), and loud snoring (none, <1/week, 1–2/week ≥3/week). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and work hours. Caffeine was assessed as never/rarely, occasionally, or daily. Regression analyses used sleep variables to predict WBAP score, adjusted for covariates. Secondary analyses explored individual items. Lower productivity was associated with very short (B=1.31, 95%CI[0.05,2.58], p=0.042), short (B=1.14, 95%CI[0.47,1.80], p=0.001), and long (B=1.48, 95%CI[0.06,2.90], p=0.04) sleep. It was also associated with both mild (B=1.94, 95%CI[1.29,2.59], p<0.0001) and moderate-severe (B=4.06, 95%CI[3.31,4.86], p<0.0001) insomnia and sleepiness (B=1.88, 95%CI[1.24,2.52], p<0.0001), as well as snoring <1/week (B=1.77, 95%CI[0.84–2.67], p<0.0001), 1–2/week (B=1.51, 95%CI[0.39,2.63], p=0.008), and ≥3/week (B=1.74, 95%CI[0.74,2.73], p=0.001). Examining mean differences, this reflects additional relative productivity loss of 29% (very short sleep), 19% (short sleep), 24% (long sleep), 58% (mild insomnia), 107% (moderate-severe insomnia), 50% (sleepiness), and 19–34% (snoring). Sleep duration (both short and long), insomnia, sleepiness, and snoring were all associated with decreased work productivity. Among sleep symptoms, insomnia demonstrated the greatest impact on work productivity. Sleep should be considered an important element in workplace health. The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931.

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD nb2pwr_PortThrough #164429.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 2 (BL2). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL2.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kernel principal component analysis for change detection

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used to detect change over time in remotely sensed images. A commonly used technique consists of finding the projections along the two eigenvectors for data consisting of two variables which represent the same spectral band covering the same geographical region acquired at two different time points. If change over time does not dominate the scene, the projection of the original two bands onto the second eigenvector will show change over time. In this paper a kernel version of PCA is used to carry out the analysis. Unlike ordinary PCA, kernel PCA with a Gaussian kernel successfully finds the change observations in a case where nonlinearities are introduced artificially.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences