jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the regioselectivity of a <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> epoxide hydrolase for the enantioconvergent synthesis of enantiopure alkane- and alkene-1,2-diols

This work engineered a superior double-site mutant <italic>Sl</italic>EH1<sup>W106T/F189L</sup> used for the enantioconvergent biosynthesis of (<italic>R</italic>)-<bold>1b–6b</bold> with high ee<sub>p</sub> values.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Catholicism and Peronism, 1945–1954

Aware that communism depended on a concept of class struggle which was coherent as long as capital resisted justice and the state defended capital, Perón placed the newly-autonomous state at the service of unions seeking improvements in the conditions of labour, while excluding communists. This strategy was not Perón ' s alone; he was assisted by José Figuerola in the National Labour Department, whose initial attempts under Ortiz had not been forgotten by unions. But by revoking the repressive union law, by supervising labour contracts, and by forcing employers to meet the demands of social legislation, Perón had the means and the will to demonstrate to labour that not only was the state independent of the major economic interests, but that it also recognised the need for coherent social reform through a transformation of the political economy. The social laws which began to stream from government departments in 1944–1945 — the Peon Statute, the maternity protection law, the creation of a cheap housing commission, the regulation of child labour — were often taken directly from union blueprints, and rapidly acquired the force of law, in stark contrast to the legislative ossification of the previous years.1KeywordsBuenos Aires ProvinceMilitary GovernmentParty MembershipLiberal EstablishmentLiberal ProjectThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ultrarelativistic outflows associated to progenitors of Gamma-Ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are nowadays considered to be collimated ejecta with bulk velocities very close to the speed of light.The mechanism by which after the quasy-isotropic energy release of a few 10 50 erg yields a collimated ejection of plasma has not been satisfactorily explained by simple analytically developments.The reason being that the collimation of an outflow by its progenitor system depends on a very complex and non-linear dynamics.That has made it necessary to use numerical simulations in order to shed some light on the viability of some likely progenitors of GRBs.Here we review the most relevant features shown by these numerical simulations and how they have been used to validate the most popular progenitor models, namely, the collapsar model (for long GRBs) and the model involving the merger of compact binaries (for short GRBs).

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Calculation of Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra and Average Prompt Neutron Multiplicities

On the basis of standard nuclear evaporation theory, we calculate the prompt fission neutron spectrum N(E) as a function of both the fissioning nucleus and its excitation energy. To simulate the initial distribution of fission-fragment excitation energy and the subsequent cooling of the fragments as neutrons are emitted, we take the distribution of fission-fragment residual nuclear temperature to be triangular in shape, extending linearly from zero to a maximum value Tm. This maximum temperature is determined from the average energy release, the separation energy and kinetic energy of the neutron inducing fission, the total average fission-fragment kinetic energy, and the level density parameter of the Fermi gas model. The neutron energy spectrum for fixed residual nuclear temperature is integrated over this triangular distribution to obtain the neutron energy spectrum in the center-of-mass system of a given fission fragment, which is then transformed to the laboratory system. When the cross section σc for the inverse process of compound nucleus formation is assumed constant, N(E) is the sum of a four-term closed expression involving the exponential integral and the incomplete gamma function for the light fragment and an analogous result for the heavy fragment. We also calculate N(E) by numerical integration for an energy-dependent cross section σc that is obtained from an optical model; this shifts the peak in N(E) to somewhat lower neutron energy and changes the overall shape slightly. The spectra calculated for both a constant cross section and an energy-dependent cross section reproduce recent experimental data for several fissioning nuclei and excitation energies for a single choice of the nuclear level density parameter and without the use of any further adjustable parameters. However, the spectra calculated with an energy-dependent cross section agree somewhat better with the experimental data than do those calculated with a constant cross section. Our approach is also used to calculate , the average number of prompt neutrons per fission, as a function of excitation energy for several fissioning nuclei. At high excitation energy, where fission following the emission of one or more neutrons is possible, we take into account the effects of and competition between first-, second-, and third-chance fission when calculating both N(E) and . For ease of computation, we present finally an approximate way to simulate the energy dependence of the compound nucleus cross section through a slight readjustment of the value of the level density parameter.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fate, Fortune, Free Will and Nature in Eusebius of Caesarea

In working out his own understanding of historical causation, Eusebius had to deal with the great issues of the pagan Graeco-Roman historiographical tradition. He had to reject, alter or adapt the classical understanding of Fate, Fortune, Nature and human free will in order to work out a coherent Christian understanding of history and the forces that shaped it.

Topic: Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Behavior of Ethyl Linoleate in Batch Rectification of Aqueous Ethanol Solution Containing Linoleic Acid

焼酎もろみに含まれる種々の脂肪酸はクエン酸存在下, 蒸留缶内でエタノールと反応して, より揮発度の高いエステルに変化し, 蒸留生成物として酒質に影響をおよぼす.本研究では, 焼酎もろみのモデル水溶液中におけるエタノールとリノール酸とのエステル化反応速度を測定した.これらの反応速度はリノール酸の濃度, 触媒としてのクエン酸濃度, エタノール濃度及び温度の影響を受ける.リノール酸のエステル化反応速度式は, リノール酸の濃度, CL, クエン酸の濃度, CC,.エタノール濃度, CE, 及び温度の関数として次式で表わされることがわかった.r=kL×CLl×CCm×CEnリノール酸エチルの生成速度に影響を及ぼすリノール酸濃度, クエン酸濃度及びエタノール濃度の反応次数l, m及びnの値を求めるとともに, 速度定数, kL, を温度の関数として求めた.さらに, リノール酸またはこのエステル体を含むエタノール水溶液の蒸留を行い, 缶内のエステル化反応によるエステル生成とその蒸留挙動について検討した.リノール酸エチルの留出挙動が, 蒸留缶内におけるエステル化反応速度とエタノール水溶液中のリノール酸エチルの気液平衡から予測できることがわかった.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Pedagogical Note on the Interregional Economic Base Model: Canada, 2004

Interregional economic-base models are typically presented in the abstract as a prelude to more complex interregional input-output models. The interregional economic-base model presented here reverses the process, deriving its data from a larger interregional input-output model of Canada. It is sufficiently compact to be a useful classroom tool.

Topic: Regional Development and Innovation
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
One Aspect of the Akbarian Turn in Shīī Theology*

This chapter is a companion piece to an article published in 2004 in the journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy. There the article examined the history of one of Avicenna's most famous contributions to the history of philosophy, a distinction between ‘the necessary of existence in itself’ (wāji al-wujīd bi-dhātih) and ‘ the necessary through another’ (wāji al-wujīd bi-gharih, which Avecenna took to be convertible with the ‘the possible of existence in itself’, mumkin al-wujīd bi-dhātih). The focus of this chapter is on Shī'ī rather than Sunni kalām, and specifically on the transformation that took place in Shī'ī theology after mutakallimūn began to appropriate elements of the metaphysics of Muhyī al-Dīn Ibn al-'Arabi. In order to give sense of the continuities that existed between the Akbarian turn in Shī'ī theology and the Avicennian turn in Sunni theology that began two centuries earlier, this chapter restricts its scope to the divine attributes and to the evolution of distinction between God's of Majesty (sifat al-jalāl) and His ‘attributes of Beauty’ (sifat al-jamār). After discussing the early history of the distinction, the chapter then discusses Ibn al-Arabi's short treatise entitled Kitab al-Jalal wa-manba al-anwar which will pinpoint how and why his understanding of the distinction differed from that of Ibn al-Arabi.

Topic: Medieval and Classical Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sites of deposition of aqueous aerosols

A study was made of the deposition of 99Tcm-DTPA aerosol in the components of a jet nebulizer-based aerosol production system. Three impaction devices were compared: a ball-bearing separator, a virtual impactor and a step separator. In addition a comparison was made of two types of tubing which carried aerosol from nebulizer to mouthpiece: corrugated and smooth-walled tubing. The retention of aerosol following inhalation was measured in five normal volunteers using different patterns of breathing. Using an aerosol production system which included a ball-bearing separator only a mean of 11% of the radioactivity loaded into the nebulizer was emitted as an aerosol. Some 18% remained in the ball-bearing separator. The ball-bearing and step separators produced similar total outputs (7% and 6% minimum), the step separator producing marginally higher mean output/min. The virtual impactor produced a lower output than the other two impactors studied, only 1%. A larger proportion of the aerosol output was deposited on corrugated tubing (7%) compared with smooth-walled tubing (1%). The retained fraction of the aerosol inhaled by subjects ranged from 16% to 43%. A higher fraction was retained when subjects inhaled deeply and held their breath for 10 s between each breath. The efficiency of radionuclide deposition from aerosol generator to patient ranged from 1.1% to 6% and was determined more by the retention in the subject than by choice of separator or tubing.

Topic: Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Polish Civil Proceedings: How Much Europeanised?

National procedural systems have always played an important role in enforcing European Union (EU) law. The details of these systems have differed substantially in different legal cultures and over time. The common elements that emerge in them are growing in number which can be associated with what is usually called ‘Europeanisation’. If a necessary impulse for domestic change is provided to countries by the EU, it is justified, however, to use names ‘EU-Europeanisation’ or ‘Unionisation’, as put directly by A. Lenschow. Largo sensu Europeanisation, on the other hand, is not limited to the EU-Europeanisation and EU effects on domestic developments. There may be other international impacts from other European fora. The impact of the European Court of Human Rights within European countries can be interpreted as an instance of largo sensu Europeanisation. In Poland, the European Convention of Human Rights was incorporated into laws in early 1990s. The influence of the Court interpreting the Convention on Polish laws can be seen in the introduction of the legal framework for the summons for injunctions against delays in proceedings in 2004 and its significant amendment in 2009. However, these changes are not going to be analysed in this chapter.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes (CIT-07) and Extended Follow Up after Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes (CIT-08)

CIT-07: The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of islet transplantation, combined with immunosuppressive medications, for treating type 1 diabetes in individuals experiencing hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemic episodes. CIT-08: The purpose of this protocol is to collect long-term follow-up information on the safety and efficacy of islet transplantation in CIT subjects after their completion in their CIT parent study.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effectiveness of digital and remote provision of the Healthier You: <scp>NHS</scp> Diabetes Prevention Programme during the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic

Abstract Aims To assess weight change in the Healthier You: NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) delivered via video conferencing (remote) sessions or delivered via specific digital interventions through apps or websites, during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to group‐based face‐to‐face interventions, pre‐pandemic. Methods Prospectively collected national service‐level data relating to individuals with non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia (HbA 1c 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0%–6.4%) or fasting plasma glucose 5.5–6.9 mmol/L) referred to the NHS DPP from June 2016 to March 2022. Results Between March 2020 and March 2022, 335,961 people were referred to the programme and were offered a choice of remote or digital intervention. This was preceded by 556,793 people referred to the face‐to‐face programme between June 2016 and February 2022. Uptakes to intervention sessions were 47% for those offered a choice and 39% for face‐to‐face. Remote and digital participants were significantly younger (60 and 56 vs. 65 years) and heavier (86.1 kg and 91.0 kg vs. 84.1 kg) compared to face‐to‐face. Weight change was assessed for 42,407 remote, 7699 digital and 97,205 face‐to‐face participants with sufficient time to have finished the programme and no missing data. Mean weight losses for participants attending at least one intervention session were: 2.40 (2.36–2.44) kg, 2.59 (2.49–2.68) kg and 2.01 (1.98–2.04) kg for remote, digital and face‐to‐face participants respectively. Corresponding mean weight losses for those who completed the programme were: 3.24 (3.19–3.30) kg, 4.76 (4.60–4.92) kg and 3.04 (3.00–3.07) kg. There were no significant differences in weight change between interventions by ethnicity and deprivation. Conclusions Weight losses achieved through remote and digital interventions were greater than those previously achieved through face‐to‐face interventions, without evidence of exacerbation of health inequalities.

Topic: Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Seasonal Impacts on Indoor Fungal Concentrations After Mold Remediation

Fungal contamination of the indoor air environment is a concern for building owners, residents, landlords, realators, and environmental health professionals.These health effects can vary greatly from person-to-person as each person has different alergy suseptibility.These potential health effects are not just related to the overall concentration of fungi, but also the type of fungi present in the air.There are a number of methods for enumerating indoor fungi, but the use of non-viable sampling cassettes has become a common, standardized, and well established method for air sampling during or after mold remediation.The overarching objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of time of year on non-viable fungal testing results after professional remediation.This project relied on data from 138 sampling events that occurred over the course of several years.The data collected in outdoor samples during the summer months revealed much higher concentrations of fungi when compared to indoor air samples.However, in winter months the outdoor samples were found to have very low concentrations of fungi relative to indoor samples.The mean concentration of fungi in each sample location varied greatly with respect to season of the year.Thus, absolute concentrations of fungi should only be one piece of information used to assess a succesful remediation.Additional information to be considered includes a visual inspection of the remediated site, the season, the relationship of fungal type between sample locations, and the proportion of various fungal types in each sample.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DnaK3 Is Involved in Biogenesis and/or Maintenance of Thylakoid Membrane Protein Complexes in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

DnaK3, a highly conserved cyanobacterial chaperone of the Hsp70 family, binds to cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes, and an involvement of DnaK3 in the biogenesis of thylakoid membranes has been suggested. As shown here, light triggers synthesis of DnaK3 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which links DnaK3 to the biogenesis of thylakoid membranes and to photosynthetic processes. In a DnaK3 depleted strain, the photosystem content is reduced and the photosystem II activity is impaired, whereas photosystem I is regular active. An impact of DnaK3 on the activity of other thylakoid membrane complexes involved in electron transfer is indicated. In conclusion, DnaK3 is a versatile chaperone required for biogenesis and/or maintenance of thylakoid membrane-localized protein complexes involved in electron transfer reactions. As mentioned above, Hsp70 proteins are involved in photoprotection and repair of PS II in chloroplasts.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Interplay of Consumer, Brand and Situation Characteristics within Brand Perception

Thesis purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to test and further develop the conceptual model of brand perception by analysing the role of the brand, consumer and situation characteristics in the consumer&#8223;s perception of the brand. Furthermore, it shall be determined how the interplay of the three characteristics affects the consumer&#8223;s perception. Methodology: To fulfil the purpose of this thesis a qualitative approach was chosen. For the analysis of the empirical data the method of grounded theory was used. Theoretical perspective: This study is based on theories of brand perception, brand personality and brand relationship. The aim is to test and further develop the conceptual model of brand perception through the use of empirical research. Empirical data: The empirical study is based on 6 in-depth interviews conducted with users of either Coca-Cola or Apple and their opinions and experiences with the brand. Conclusion: The analysis of the interviews revealed that the three characteristics of brand, consumer and situation play a significant role for the consumer&#8223;s perception of the brand. Moreover, it was shown that the interplay which takes place is ever changing and only stable until one of the three characteristics changes.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Real Options Approach to Evaluating New Nuclear Power Plants

Although nuclear power plants are being built in Asia, they have not been ordered in the U.S. since the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island. For many reasons, new attention is being given to light water reactors. Currently- operating nuclear power plants in the U.S. were built under rate-of-return regulation. Now, new nuclear power plants must compete in power markets. This paper models the net present value of building an Advanced Boiling Water Reactor in Texas using a real options approach to determine the risk premium associated with net revenue uncertainty. It finds that a cost of about $1,200 per kilowatt-electric (including financing costs) for advanced light water nuclear power plants could trigger new orders. On the other hand, owner-operators might be willing to pay higher prices for nuclear megawatts if methods for mitigating price, cost, and capacity risk through contracts or real assets could be found.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on Fish Lipases

Lipids constitute a significant portion of the\nbiomass of earth and lipolytic enzymes play a very important\nrole in lipid turn over. Apart from their biological\nsignificance, lipolytic enzymes are also very important\nin the fields of nutrition, food technology, medicine\nand preparative and analytical lipid biochemistry.\nRecent developments in the study of proteins and\nenzymes have largely benefited the study of lipolytic\nenzymes, that some of these enzymes were isolated in pure\nform. Even today there is a continuous search for new and\npotent sources of these lipolytic enzymes. The zest for\nelucidating the structure and mechanism of action of the\nenzymes obtained in pure form for biochemist still remains\nunabated. The literature shows no record of such an\neffort for the study of lipases from marine sources. The\nfact that many fishes like oil sardine, mackerel, cat fish,\nseer etc. contains large amounts of lipid shows the possibility\nof the existence of lipases in significant amounts\nnecessitating their exhaustive study. Such a study will,\nnot only provide alternate sources for lipase but also will\nprovide methods to curb lipolysis and the resultant rancidity\nand off flavor development in fish and fishery\nproducts.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Robust and Reliable Teamwork within Engineering Projects

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The quality of the output generated by a team is directly influenced by how well the team works together. Despite the complexity of the team system, within a typical Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) project the consideration given to the team process is often disproportionately small in comparison to that paid to the technical aspects of the project. This paper presents an efficient approach to teamwork within an engineering design context such as a DFSS project, in which team skills are modelled on DFSS technical processes allowing team members to learn both technical and teamwork skills within the common context of the technical process. DFSS engineering tools used within the framework of Failure Mode Avoidance are used to identify key potential failure modes in the team process and their effects and causes. A series of effective and efficient countermeasures to the team process failure modes are introduced as straight forward and easy to use interlinking teamwork tools. The use of the approach presented in the paper to virtual teams is discussed. An efficient training strategy for DFSS technical and teamwork skills is put forward.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Team Dynamics and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences