jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of liver-specific and growth-induced genes in perinatal and regenerating liver: Attainment and maintenance of the differentiated state during rapid proliferation

The liver shows maximal cellular growth during fetal development and after partial hepatectomy. Exploring overlaps in gene expression patterns in these two types of hepatic growth may provide insight into common regulatory pathways. The expression of a large number of growth-induced and liver-specific genes induced in liver regeneration has been examined in the perinatal liver from several days prenatal to 4 weeks postnatal when the major growth phase of the liver ceases. As in liver regeneration, many growth-induced genes, such as PRL - 1 and β- actin , are expressed at a high level throughout the temporal course of liver development and correlate with the proliferative state. The level of fetal liver expression of these genes is similar to peak expression found in the regenerating liver, suggesting that common pathways of transcriptional regulation exist in the two types of proliferation. A subset of liver-restricted immediate-early genes including, IGFBP - 1 , CL - 6 , and glucose - 6 - phosphatase ( G6Pase ) are induced in regenerating liver and may be important in maintaining hepatic metabolism during regeneration. In developing liver, these genes are expressed primarily in the perinatal period but, unlike the regenerating liver, are not coinduced. For instance, at birth, G6Pase is induced, whereas CL - 6 is downregulated. In situ analyses confirm that a proliferation associated gene PRL-1 is expressed in multiple cell types throughout the developing liver, whereas the expression of liver-specific genes is confined to hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings imply that significant similarities and differences in transcriptional regulation and hormonal milieu exist in liver during regeneration and development. The increased expression of genes responsible for glucose homeostasis in proliferative states of the liver suggests that maintenance of differentiated function is a component of the hepatic growth response. (Hepatology 1995; 22:906-914.)

Topic: Liver physiology and pathology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bacterial community function increases leaf growth in a pitcher plant experimental system

ABSTRACT Across diverse ecosystems, bacteria and their hosts engage in complex relationships having negative, neutral, or positive interactions. However, the specific effects of leaf-associated bacterial community functions on plant growth are poorly understood. Although microbes can promote plant growth through various biochemical mechanisms, investigating the community’s functional contributions to plant growth remains to be explored. To address this gap, we characterized the relationships between bacterial community function and host plant growth in the purple pitcher plant ( Sarracenia purpurea ). The main aim of our research was to investigate how different bacterial community functions affect the growth and nutrient content in the plant. Previous research has suggested that microbial communities aid in prey decomposition and subsequent nutrient acquisition in carnivorous plants, including S. purpurea . However, the specific functional roles of bacterial communities in plant growth and nutrient uptake are not well known. In this study, sterile, freshly opened pitchers were inoculated with three functionally distinct, pre-assembled bacterial communities. Bacterial community composition and function were measured over 8 weeks using physiological assays, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics. Distinct community functions affected plant traits; a bacterial community enriched in decomposition was associated with larger leaves with almost double the biomass of control pitchers. Physiological differences in bacterial communities were supported by metatranscriptomics; for example, the bacterial community with the highest chitinase activity had greater expression of transcripts associated with chitinase enzymes. The relationship between bacterial community function and plant growth observed here indicates potential mechanisms, such as chitinase activity, for host-associated bacterial functions to support pitcher plant growth. IMPORTANCE This study addresses a gap in understanding the relationships between bacterial community function and plant growth. We inoculated sterile, freshly opened pitcher plant leaves with three functionally distinct bacterial communities to uncover potential mechanisms through which bacterial functions support plant health and growth. Our findings demonstrate that distinct community functions significantly influence plant traits, with some bacterial communities supporting more plant growth than in control pitchers. These results highlight the ecological roles of microbial communities in plants and thus ecosystems and suggest that nutrient cycling is an important pathway through which microbes support host plant health. This research provides valuable insights into plant-microbe interactions and the effects of diverse microbial community functions.

Topic: Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Does Motivation Impact on Employee Performance? A Study on Non-Banking Financial Institutions of Bangladesh

The success of any organization mainly depends on employee performance as it leads to the organization's productivity and profitability. To enhance employee performance or let employees’ perform more following their ability, organizations need to motivate their employees. The non-banking financial institutes (NBFIs) have been contributing toward expanding both the quality and amount of monetary administrations and moderating the omissions of existing money-related intermediation to meet the developing needs of various sorts of interest in the nation. This research paper aimed to find out the relationship of motivation and how it impacts employees' performance at non-banking financial institutes of Bangladesh. The focus was on analyzing the motivation theory of Herzberg's two-factor theory. For this reason, a quantitative method was used in order to collect data. Two hundred data were collected from non-banking financial institutes from Dhaka city of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was formed includes two-part one is a biographical part, and another was variables-based questions. The Descriptive analysis includes mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, and percentages; moreover, this Correlation and multi regression analysis are applied to determine the relationship and effects of motivation and employees' performance. The results of this research are positive and significant relations between employee motivation and employees' performance at the non-banking financial institutes of Bangladesh.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Environment,Climate Change and Migration

The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2009 again attracted global attention on climate change.In recent years,people begin to realize the serious impact of environment and climate change on human displacement/migration.However,in China particular research on climate change,environment and migration is insufficient.Based on the related literature review,this article introduces international hotspots and challenges in this research area,aiming at promoting further research in China.Besides the discussion about the terminology,definition and the category of climate change migration,by now the research focuses on three aspects:The first is to estimate the number of climate change migrants,which will answer how many people will be affected by climate change.The second is to explore the relationship among environmental degradation,climate change and migration, which wants to explain how climate change affects people and why people have to migrate. The third is about the policy response,which will find right policies dealing with the challenge of climate change migration,both at the international and national levels.

Topic: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Evaluation and Efficiency Analysis of Railways Safety

The rail industry is faced with rising competitive and cost pressures that call for considerable improvements in consistency, operating efficiency, and rail safety. In this article, Turkey's rail safety was evaluated by using a data envelopment analysis model with CRS (CCR), VRS (BCC) analysis in comparison to the EU countries. A section of input‐oriented analyses was performed, and efficiency scores were ranked in two different ways to verify the different rail parameters with the aim of minimizing the number of rail accidents and the number of fatalities in accidents. The study concluded that Turkey is more capable than the EU countries in terms of exploiting its railway indicators.

Topic: Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genome sequence and pathogenicity of<i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>strain MCCC 1A08743 isolated from contaminated prawns

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water globally and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. The consumption of V. vulnificus contaminated seafood and exposure of wounds to Vibrio can result in systemic infection, with increased risks of amputation and extremely high rates of mortality. However, the pathogenicity and virulence factors of V. vulnificus are not fully understood. The genomic characterization of V. vulnificus will be helpful to extend our understanding on V. vulnificus at a genomic level. In this manuscript, the genome of V. vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 isolated from contaminated prawns from Zhanjiang, China, was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and annotated through multiple databases. The strain MCCC 1A08743 genome included 4371 protein-coding genes and 117 RNA genes. Average nucleotide identity analysis and core genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that MCCC 1A08743 was most closely related to strains from clinical samples from the United States. Pathogenicity annotation of the MCCC 1A08743 genome, using Virulence Factor Database and Pathogen-Host Interactions database, predicted the pathogenicity of the strain, and this was confirmed using mice infection experiments, which indicated that V. vulnificus strain MCCC 1A08743 could infect C57BL/6J mice and cause liver lesions. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Topic: Vibrio bacteria research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enhancing the Electrocatalysis of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>by Introducing Lithium Deficiency for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM523), as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, has attracted considerable attention and been successfully commercialized for decades. NCM is also a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the catalytic activity is highly correlated to its structure. In this paper, we successfully obtain NCM523 with three different structures: spinel NCM synthesized at low temperature (LT-NCM), disordered NCM (DO-NCM) with lithium deficiency obtained at high temperature, and layered hexagonal NCM at high temperature (HT-NCM). By introducing lithium deficiency to tune the valence state of transition metals in NCM from Ni<sup>2+</sup> to Ni<sup>3+</sup>, DO-NCM exhibits the best catalytic activity with the lowest onset potential (∼1.48 V) and Tafel slope (∼85.6 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>), whereas HT-NCM exhibits the worst catalytic activity with the highest onset potential (∼1.63 V) and Tafel slope (∼241.8 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>).

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sex differences in sick role behavior during hospitalization after open heart surgery

Abstract The proposition examined here is that there are sex differences in the enactment of the sick role. Specifically, in comparing the recovery of 50 male and 50 female patients following open heart surgery, it was hypothesized that male patients would (a) be transferred from the cardiac recovery room earlier, (b) be discharged from the hospital earlier, (c) achieve independence in self‐care and in ambulation earlier, and (d) receive fewer pain medications and tranquilizers. Support was found only for the hypotheses of earlier hospital discharge and earlier self‐care. The patient's physical condition—indicated by type of surgery, time in operating room, time on bypass, and units of blood—was related to time in recovery room and length of postoperative hospitalization. Of the variables examined, age emerged as the most powerful predictor of medication dosage, with older patients receiving significantly fewer analgesics and tranquilizers. The following conclusions were reached: (a) the salience of sex role expectations for sick role behavior varies with the particular measure considered and (b) the overall significance of sex role expectations in determining sick role behavior was slight for this sample of seriously ill patients.

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The algebra of functions with Fourier transforms in a given function space

Let G be a locally compact abelian group and Ĝ be its dual group. For 1 ≤ p &lt; ∞, let A p ( G ) denote the set of all those functions in L 1 ( G ) whose Fourier transforms belong to L p ( Ĝ ). Let M ( A p ( G )) denote the set of all functions φ belonging to L ∞ ( Ĝ ) such that is Fourier transform of an L 1 -function on G whenever f belongs to A p ( G ). For 1 ≤ p &lt; q &lt; ∞, we prove that A p ( G ) A q ( G ) provided G is nondiscrete. As an application of this result we prove that if G is an infinite compact abelian group and 1 ≤ p ≤ 4 then l p ( Ĝ ) M ( A p ( G )), and if p &gt; 4 then there exists ψ є l p ( Ĝ ) such that ψ does not belong to M ( A p ( G )).

Topic: advanced mathematical theories
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Фрустраційна толерантність особистості як афективний компонент оптимізму

The article analyzes the relationship of individual frustration tolerance with person’s emotional stability and optimism. For the study of the specified psychical phenomenon is important an opinion of scientists, that define a frustration tolerance as personality formation that stipulates hardiness to frustration factors and possibility to overcome different vital difficulties without the loss of psychical adaptation. It is marked that frustration tolerance stimulates cognitive capacity of man with the aim to use constructive strategies of behavior and appears in the ability to accept the situation, control and regulate emotional state, think over alternative solutions, anticipate consequences and thus influence on the retention of positive attitudes and realistic optimism personality. Scientific approaches to determining mentioned psychic phenomena in terms of characteristics, attitudes, personality traits is studied and despite the variety of frustration tolerance definitions, it is obvious that frustration’s overcoming is possible under conditions of development a proper level of tolerance to it. The complex of frustration factors that cause a reaction that appears in human’sbehavior and can cause dangerous, emotionally negative, stressful mental condition is determined. The article describes the influence of social factors on enhance of frustration tolerance in children. The relationship between condition of young man’s frustration with accentuation of character that leads to a certain imbalance in the emotional-volitional and motivational spheres of personality, form weak points in the structure of character has been revealed. The emotional properties that are related to frustration tolerance were studied. Scientists identify frustration tolerance with emotional stability and consider it as an integrated property of personality, mental condition, which helps in optimisation of activity and support the psychical and physical health.

Topic: Particle Detector Development and Performance
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of the molecular defect in factor IX Chapel Hill: substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145.

Hemophilia B Chapel Hill is a mild hereditary hemorrhagic disorder in which the factor IX antigen is present in normal amounts but factor IX biological activity is markedly reduced. Previous studies have demonstrated that purified factor IX Chapel Hill has 8% of the activity of normal human factor IX and that the activation of factor IX Chapel Hill is defective in that only one of the two peptide bonds hydrolyzed during activation of normal factor IX is cleaved. The tryptic peptides from normal human factor IX and factor IX Chapel Hill were subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the elution profile of the peptides obtained from factor IX Chapel Hill and normal factor IX demonstrated that the tripeptide Leu-Thr-Arg, which is derived from the normal molecule (positions 143-145) immediately amino-terminal from the Arg-Ala peptide bond at 145-146 that is cleaved during the activation of factor IX with factor XIa, was absent in the digest obtained from factor factor IX Chapel Hill. The elongated "activation peptide" from factor factor IX Chapel Hill was obtained by further high-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and subjected to primary structure analysis. The following sequence, corresponding to positions 143-147, was obtained: Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Glu. Thus, the primary molecular defect in factor factor IX Chapel Hill is the substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145. This substitution precludes cleavage by factor XIa at this peptide bond, and the activation peptide region remains associated with the light chain of factor IXa Chapel Hill.

Topic: Hemophilia Treatment and Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Voices from the village: A multi-voiced relational perspective of character development in leadership learning

This article builds on previous work that has investigated character development within leadership learning. We take up the analogy of developing character through ‘being in a village’. We do so by gaining unique access to leadership learning within a Norwegian military academy (the village). We take a Bakhtinian perspective in analysing the data, and by doing so, we uncover multiple and competing voices that situate themselves within and across character dimensions. We contribute to the learning and development literature by showing how character dimensions are narratively constructed from differing perspectives within context. Hence, they must be considered in relational terms in any attempt to develop character and/or leadership. We show that character development is not dependent on explicit character frameworks but perhaps the role of the social dynamics in a community (village). We also uncover some of the interrelated, intertwined and competing voices that make up character in this given context which points to the way these character dimensions are ‘lived’, ‘rehearsed’ and ‘re-rehearsed’ in any context or setting. We go on to make recommendations for further research and practice.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A neutrophil intrinsic impairment affecting Rab27a and degranulation in cystic fibrosis is corrected by CFTR potentiator therapy

Key Points In people with cystic fibrosis, defective CFTR function alters neutrophil cytosolic ion homeostasis leading to impaired degranulation. By normalizing CFTR function, ivacaftor treatment corrects neutrophil degranulation resulting in normalized killing of bacteria.

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis: A case report: Erratum

Acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis: A case report: ErratumIn the article, "Acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis: A case report", [1] which appeared in Volume 98, Issue 17 of Medicine, 1b needs to be 1a in two sentences in the Case section.Theese sentence should appear as "She was previously treated for 3 years with interferon-b (IFN-b) 1a 22 mg subcutaneously 3 times a week from which she was switched to DMF due to flu-like syndrome side effects" and "During treatment with IFN-b 1a as well as before beginning treatment with DMF, findings of thyroid function test were within normal limits, with positive antithyroid antibodies (Table 1)."

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linking the maximum reported life span to the aging rate in wild birds

Abstract Dozens of surrogates have been used to reflect the rate of aging in comparative biology. For wild organisms, the maximum reported life span is often considered a key metric. However, the connection between the maximum reported life span for a single individual and the aging rate of that species is far from clear. Our objective was to identify a pragmatic solution to calculate the aging rate from the maximum reported life span of wild birds. We explicitly linked the maximum reported life span to the aging process by employing a Weibull distribution and calculating the shape parameter in this model, which reflects the change in mortality across ages and be used as a surrogate for the aging rate. From simulated data, we demonstrated that the percentile estimator is suitable for calculating the aging rate based on the maximum reported life span. We also calculated the aging rate in 246 bird species based on published information from EURING and tested its relationship with body mass. Our study constitutes a new approach for using maximum reported life span in aging research. The aging rate calculated in the study is based on numerous assumptions/prerequisites and can be improved as more is learned about these assumptions/prerequisites.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 752138: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Additions of Allenylstannanes to Aldehydes.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences