jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microtubules: Are They Involved in the Initiation of Lymphocyte Activation?

Purified human blood lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. DNA synthesis was measured with 2-h pulses of [3H]thymidine between 48 h and 73 h after stimulation. Colchicine, at concentrations between 0.1 muM and 10 muM, suppressed consequent DNA synthesis without affecting viability of the cells when added at any time up to 18 h before incorporation of [3H]thymidine was assessed. In concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocytes, removal of the mitogen by methyl alpha-mannoside only prevented proliferation when added initially, but was without any effect when added after 20 h of stimulation, regardless of when DNA synthesis was measured. Thus, there was a period after 20 h of concanavalin A stimulation, when DNA synthesis was still sensitive to colchicine, but no longer required the presence of the mitogen. Colchicine also suppressed incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, in resting as well as mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Similarly, colchicine decreased amino acid transport, as determined by uptake of alpha-amino-isobutyrate, which appeared to be the rate-limiting step in the incorporation of amino acids into protein in colchicine-treated cells. When the rate of protein synthesis was followed by the relative distribution of ribosomal particles, especially the increase of polysomes in activated lymphocytes, colchicine was without any detectable effect. The early increase in the incorporation of [14C]oleate into phospholipids was identical in the presence or absence of the microtubule-active drug. The data strongly suggest that microtubules are not involved in the initiation of lymphocyte growth or mitogenesis.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultra-Tightly Coupled GNSS/INS for Small UAVs

This paper describes an ultra-tight integration of a Global Navigation Satellite System ( GNSS) receiver and an Inertial Navigation System ( INS) for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ( UAVs). The system is based on a low-cost and low-weight GNSS Intermediate Frequency ( IF) sampler which has been fitted onto a small UAV. The storage of IF samples together with measurements from an Inertial Measurement Unit ( IMU) has allowed the authors to process an Ultra-Tightly Coupled ( U.T.C.) GNSS/INS solution from real data collected with a small UAV. The focus of this paper has been to investigate the potential benefits in signal tracking during flights below dense foliage and tree canopies by using the developed U.T.C. system. The obtained results have been compared to a scalar GNSS receiver and a high-grade commercial reference receiver and have showed significant improvements in tracking capabilities.

Topic: Inertial Sensor and Navigation
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acid Complexation by a Synthetic Analogue of the “Carboxylate‐Binding Pocket” of Vancomycin.

Abstract In an effort to determine the minimal functional unit of vancomycin the title analogue (I) is prepared by conventional methods starting from 3,5‐dinitro‐L‐tyrosine.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on Tax Collection and Administration Application and Legal Issues Based on Big Data Analysis

In the twenty-first century, in the era of rapid development of big data, people can make some basic problem analysis of the application of tax collection and administration and legal problems through big data. Between taxpayers and the tax collection and management system, the law is used to protect the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers. Through the improvement and management of the supervision system, it can ensure that taxpayers can clearly know how much tax they should pay when paying taxes. At present, the urgent problem is to adjust the concept of tax, reconstruct the scope of tax, scientifically design the tax rate, and simplify the tax collection and administration procedures. This paper puts forward a more efficient tax process by comparing the tax data, the econometric study of tax, and the secret tax avoidance while the burden of the more poor rural tax class. Through the experiment proved, this paper studies the best tax collection and management mode, so that taxpayers can pay taxes more convenient and fast. The tax collection and administration system have been improved to make taxpayers’ information more comprehensive, which is very important for us to improve the efficiency in the twenty-first century, which is also a great breakthrough in the application of tax collection and administration. Due to the limitations of incomplete information, or that the information cannot keep up with the times, the tax collection and management system cannot completely correspond to the complete information of the correct taxpayers. Therefore, for the study of the taxation supervision system, it is necessary to use more algorithms in a more comprehensive way, so as to reduce the number of tax evaders and the number of active taxpayers.

Topic: Legal and Policy Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Traffic-Aware Medium Access Control Mechanism for Energy-Efficient Wireless Network-on-Chip Architectures

Wireless interconnection has emerged as an energy efficient solution to the challenges of multi-hop communication over the wireline paths in conventional Networks-on-Chips (NoCs). However, to ensure the full benefits of this novel interconnect technology, design of simple, fair and efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism to grant access to the on-chip wireless communication channel is needed. Moreover, to adapt to the varying traffic demands from the applications running on a multicore environment, MAC mechanisms should dynamically adjust the transmission slots of the wireless interfaces (WIs). Such dynamic adjustment in transmission slots will result in improving the utilization of the wireless medium in a Wireless NoC (WiNoC). In this paper we present the design of two dynamic MAC mechanisms that adjust the transmission slots of the WIs based on predicted traffic demands and allow partial packet transfer. Through system level simulations, we demonstrate that the traffic aware MAC mechanisms are more energy efficient as well as capable of sustaining higher data bandwidth in WiNoCs.

Topic: Interconnection Networks and Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A model of graded ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart

Insertion of a flow pump into the Langendorff retrograde perfusion apparatus has permitted the production of stable, graded ischemia in hearts whose hemodynamic and metabolic response may be evaluated. Ventricular pressures were monitored with a modified balloon and catheter-tip manometer system, and oxygen consumption , lactate and glucose metabolism, and tissue high-energy phosphate stores measured. A 15-min stabilization period in 56 paced hearts was followed by 15 min of either full, 40, 30, 20, or 10% coronary flow, after which the ventricular tissue was freeze-clamped for tissue assay. Tissue creatine phosphate fell progressively from 23.7 in full flow hearts to 9.9 mumol/g dry wt after 90% reduction in flow. This was accompanied by a graded reduction in ATP from 20.3 to 14.0 mumol/g dry wt and a rise in AMP from 1.1 to 2.6 mumol/g dry wt. Tissue lactate rose progressively from 22.3 to 60.1 mumol/g dry wt. Hemodynamic function correlated with coronary flow. This preparation offers an opportunity to study pharmacological and metabolic interventions in ischemic heart disease.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation

Monteggia fracture dislocation in children is not so common, interesting and often missed injury pattern in children. The article reviews the historical aspects, classifications and their importance, clinical and radiological aspects and principles of management of this injury. It also deals with management of late presenting Monteggia lesions and has some case examples to illustrate practical management of fresh injury and delayed cases.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of hot and cold extraction of bioactive compounds in teas

Summary This study evaluated the bioactive compounds of different types of tea by comparing hot and cold infusions. A multivariate data analysis was carried out, where the principal components analysis ( PCA ) and hierarchical cluster analysis ( HCA ) were used. Phenolic compounds varied between 267.27–2896.00 mg GAE L −1 and 215.10–7351.33 mg GAE L −1 for hot (80 °C) and cold extraction (20–25 °C), respectively. In the case of their antioxidant activity, results with DPPH were 43.10‐73.67% for hot extraction and 46.80‐77.13% for cold extraction. The average values for the ABTS ˙ + method ranged between 2535.43 and 33 300.17 μmol TE L −1 and between 1110.34 and 38 300.67 μmol TE L −1 , respectively, for hot and cold extraction. Different compounds were identified by liquid chromatography in the samples evaluated, where caffeine presented the higher concentrations in the teas. Samples of green and black tea (hot extraction) and white tea (cold extraction) showed bacteriostatic activity for S. aureus and E. coli . No extract had any bactericide activity. The current study revealed that cold infusion was more efficient in the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Religion in the Anthropological background of E. Schillebeeckx: Human as Homo Religiosus

kteří svou teologii budují na lidských zkušenostech -"zdola", nebo také "zevnitř".Všeobecně lidská zkušenostní rovina je přístupovou cestou k člověku a k fenoménu náboženství s ním spojenému.Když se Schillebeeckx zamýšlí nad tím, jakým způsobem se člověk stává náboženským, kde se v něm bere víra v Boha, či "odkdy" můžeme mluvit o tom, že je někdo věřící, vychází ze základního přesvědčení o autonomii lidské kompetence pro lidské záležitos-

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modified Korteweg-de Vries solitons at supercritical densities in two-electron temperature plasmas

The supercritical composition of a plasma model with cold positive ions in the presence of a two-temperature electron population is investigated, initially by a reductive perturbation approach, under the combined requirements that there be neither quadratic nor cubic nonlinearities in the evolution equation. This leads to a unique choice for the set of compositional parameters and a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) with a quartic nonlinear term. The conclusions about its one-soliton solution and integrability will also be valid for more complicated plasma compositions. Only three polynomial conservation laws can be obtained. The mKdV equation with quartic nonlinearity is not completely integrable, thus precluding the existence of multi-soliton solutions. Next, the full Sagdeev pseudopotential method has been applied and this allows for a detailed comparison with the reductive perturbation results. This comparison shows that the mKdV solitons have slightly larger amplitudes and widths than those obtained from the more complete Sagdeev solution and that only slightly superacoustic mKdV solitons have acceptable amplitudes and widths, in the light of the full solutions.

Topic: Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The church in Nigeria and political economy of youth unemployment: A pragmatic approach

Nigeria has over 57% of its population as youths. The nation is rich in human and mineral&#13;\nresources, yet the level of youth unemployment continues to rise and to pose serious socioeconomic and political threats. The aim of this study was to highlight the strong link between&#13;\nthe high level of youth unemployment and the rising tide of violence and criminalization of&#13;\nthe public space in Nigeria. In other words, we argued that the youth routinely took out their&#13;\nfrustrations in violent and criminal forms. The study was set in Aba, city of Abia state, which&#13;\nis arguably the largest commercial town in the south-east region of Nigeria. It is also&#13;\nsynonymous with violent and criminal social breakdowns. This empirical study adopted a&#13;\nmulti-phase sampling technique for the data collection procedure, including the distribution&#13;\nof questionnaires, extensive library research and personal observation. By implication, both&#13;\nprimary and secondary sources were used. The results show that youth unemployment was&#13;\non the increase and government efforts alone were inadequate to solve the problem. In&#13;\nconclusion, the all-hands-on-deck approach was advocated. This entailed that the visibility of&#13;\nthe church at almost every level of community life, especially at the grass-root level must be&#13;\nused as a vital platform to reach the people. Thus, it was recommended that the church should&#13;\nactively tap into the multifarious professional capacities of her members and use them as&#13;\nresource persons to creatively tackle the problem of youth unemployment.&#13;\nCONTRIBUTION: This article contributes to the concept ‘faith seeking understanding’. It includes&#13;\na systematic and practical reflection, within a paradigm in which the intersection of social&#13;\nsciences and theology generates a transdisciplinary contested discourse.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Adaptation to HIF1α Deletion in Hypoxic Cancer Cells by Upregulation of GLUT14 and Creatine Metabolism

&lt;p&gt;S2. (A) Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival of 440 colon adenocarcinoma patients TGCA cohort. Patient group with highest quartile showed a reduced five-year survival. (B) Heatmap illustrating the correlative gene expression profile of creatine kinase enzymes (KCRU, KCRM, KCRB) and glucose transporters (GTR1, GTR3, GTR14) compared to 47 genes representing a "hypoxia signature" based on 337 CODREAD colorectal cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Peritoneal functional changes induced by dialysate containing bicarbonate instead of lactate.

Lactate (L)-containing dialysate has a low pH, responsible for its poor biocompatibility. Dial-ysate-containing bicarbonate (B) with a physiological pH is available. We compare the peritoneal functional effects of these two solutions. Eight patients were studied two weeks apart using two consecutive peritoneal kinetic tests to determine convective and diffusive mass transfer coefficient (MTC) capacities for different solutes. Both L and B solutions were identical, except for pH and buffer content. Peritoneal equilibration values at four-hour dwell time were similar for all solutes, except for urea (B: 0.91 +/- 0.05 vs L: 0.87 +/- 0.06, p < 0.05). Peritoneal MTC (B vs L) values for urea (19.6 +/- 6.6 vs 18.2 +/- 4.5), creatinine (8.8 +/- 4.8 vs 7.8 +/- 3.5), phosphate (7.7 +/- 4.6 vs 6.0 +/- 2.2), and potassium (13.3 +/- 5.6 vs 11.7 +/- 5.0) were slightly higher for B (NS). Glucose-MTC was slightly lower for B (6.2 +/- 3.3 vs 7.5 +/- 3.2, NS). Ultrafiltration (UF) was lower for B (drained volume: 2120 +/- 204 vs 2443 +/- 285 mL after 4 hr, p < 0.05). Higher transperitoneal calcium [11 +/- 22 L vs -3.1 +/- 11.0 (positive balance) mg, p < 0.05] and sodium (48 +/- 30 L vs 13 +/- 20 mEq) removal were evident. With L, the loss of 43.0 +/- 6.3 mEq of bicarbonate appeared. The linear regression analysis of MTC values showed higher r coefficients for the bicarbonate solution. These results suggest that bicarbonate dial-ysate improves the diffusion capacity of the peritoneum with respect to lactate.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation of damage behavior of thermally sprayed coatings depending on coating thickness

In order to increase the lifetime of components used for diesel engines or gas turbines surfaces are coated by ceramics. In recent years it succeeded in spraying thermal barrier coatings based on zirconia up to a thickness of a few millimeters. A comparison of the damage behavior between yttria partially stabilized zirconia coatings with different thickness will be presented. The coatings are produced by atmospheric plasma spraying. The thickness is varied from 0.5 mm up to 2 mm. In order to characterize the mechanical as well as the damage processes different methods of destructive testing (tensile, bending, and loading test) are applied. Additionally, non-destructive testing methods were used to investigate the damage processes on micro structural level. The results will be discussed according to the microstructure.

Topic: High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enterobacteriaceae infections in man and animals and detection of their natural reservoirs in India.

The study presents a summary of the results regarding the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in domestic animals and birds, endeavouring to explain the origin of the infections. Wild reptiles, amphibians, mammalia, rodents and birds were examined into the demonstration of Enterobacteriaceae, whereby particular attention was paid to the following species: Arizona, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Yersinia and Erwinia.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Measurements of the rate of production of bacteria in the rumen of buffalo calves

SUMMARY A technique is described for the in vivo estimation of the rate of production of bacteria in the rumen of buffalo calves. The animals were given their daily ration in 12 equal amounts at 2-h intervals. The bacterial cells from the rumen were labelled either with 14 C or 36 S by in vitro incubation in the presence of [U- 14 C]DL-leucine or 35 S-sodium sulphate. Labelled bacterial cells were injected in a single dose into the rumen. Samples of the ruminal fluid were drawn at various time intervals for 9 h and the specific radio-activity of the bacteria determined. The dilution in the specific radioactivity was used to calculate the turn-over time and rates of production of bacteria in the rumen. The average turnover time was 308 min. The production rate of bacteria averaged 211 mg/min (20·3 g/mole VFA produced).

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Foreign Military Intervention, Power Dynamics, and Rebel Group Cohesion

Third-party states use foreign military intervention as a tool to influence the outcome of intrastate conflict. The literature identifies other consequences associated with this intervention but has not yet examined its effect on rebel group cohesion. We might expect rebel groups to coalesce or splinter depending on the direction of the intervention. This paper tests this relationship on all intrastate armed conflicts during the period from 1975 to 2009. It finds that rebels tend to coalesce when a foreign power intervenes on their behalf. External interventions, whether supporting the rebels or the government, however, do not appear to influence rebel group splintering.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential Utility of Peptides Against Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Radioprotection is the process whereby biological systems are aided against undesirable radiation hazards. Primitive radioprotectors suffered from either having crucial side effects or low efficacy in clinical applications. Therefore, the search for less toxic but more capable radioprotectants has continued for decades. Peptides have been investigated as radioprotectants in a variety of preclinical models both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Peptides exert their influence through scavenging free radicals, modifying cell signaling and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Demonstrating potential <i>in vivo</i> properties, peptide radiation countermeasures might find enough credit for use in humans in the future. This article reviews the potential therapeutic value of currently known radioprotective peptides and attempts to provide a comprehensive source for further scientific research in this area.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measuring entrepreneurial orientation of university students

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the measurement of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the student population of different academic programmes, in order to enhance entrepreneurship‐related procedures within universities. Design/methodology/approach A survey‐based tool for measuring EO is presented and used in one university. The answers are explored using statistical methods. Findings The results show that the survey provides the user with adequate data about EO within student groups. They also demonstrate that while entrepreneurial desire differs between academic programmes, actual EO results do not. Practical implications In the paper it is suggested that the new information can be used for developing entrepreneurial courses as well as student selection procedures. Some modifications for the survey, as well as initiation of a wider research programme, are also proposed. Originality/value The paper uses a traditional survey for EO in a novel setting, amongst university students. The results create new interesting knowledge about the differences and similarities of the students of different academic programmes.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences