jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
VEGAN MILK -BURGEONING SECTOR OF FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

The market for plant-based or non-dairy milk substitutes is one of the fastest growing sectors in the functional and specialty beverage area of developing newer food products globally. These days, customers are more inclined to select alternatives to cow milk because of things like lactose intolerance, the incidence of hypercholesterolemia, cow milk allergies, and a preference for vegan diets. Plant-based milk substitutes are becoming more and more popular. They can be an economical option for those in low-income groups in developing countries and in places where there is a shortage of cow's milk. Even though there are a lot of innovative plant-based food and beverage items being utilised to replace cow's milk, a lot of them have technological issues, whether they are connected to processing or storage. While most of these milk replacements don't have the same nutritional balance as cow's milk, they do have elements that are both functional and health-promoting, which makes them appealing to consumers who are health-conscious. One major obstacle to the broad acceptance of legume-based milk substitutes is their sensory appeal. Innovative non-thermal processing methods, such as ultra-high temperature treatment, ultra-high pressure homogenization, and pulsed electric field processing, are being investigated by researchers to address problems with nutritional completeness, shelf life extension, emulsion stability, and sensory acceptability of the final product. In order to provide fresh goods that are both enjoyable and nutrient-appropriate, the functional beverage industry will require concentrated research effort in the coming years.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sujetos de transformación urbanos

El presente texto busca debatir y dar algunas puntadas sobre la necesidad de plantearnos la articulación e integración del movimiento social urbano en Medellín - Colombia. Pero para avanzar hacia esa construcción de un nuevo modelo social, político y cultural es imprescindible la constitución de lo que se conoce como el sujeto histórico del cambio que caracterizamos como pluridiverso y múltiple, latente en las organizaciones y movimientos sociales que realizan su trabajo y accionar popular en medio de las difíciles condiciones urbanas. Sin embargo, si no se comprende bien quiénes constituyen el nuevo sujeto político del cambio en Colombia y cómo se articula en un gran movimiento nacional por la paz con justicia social para el buen vivir, sería un esfuerzo inútil emprender cualquier estrategia en este propósito, más si cuando se hace referencia al sujeto histórico se entiende por éste inequívocamente a la clase obrera, concepción que prevaleció a lo largo del siglo XX y cuyo eco alcanza hoy hasta nuestros días.

Topic: Latin American Urban Studies
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ludefaction

This article presents the idea of ludefaction as the negative underside of ludification. The project of transforming human practices into games to “enhance” their performance is related to new management and technology design practices that have been dominant since the 1980s. Studies suggest that this is an ambivalent process through which work comes to seem more attractive even as it makes more intense and invasive demands on its human subject. Beyond this, however, ludefaction grasps the way in which gamification intensifies exploitation in the, probably unprecedented, development of allowing power to tap into the radical imaginary, that is, the facility we have for creating an alternative, better world. A comparison of games with relational art is presented to clarify the stakes and suggest negative principles for progressive game design.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
MR Angiography Series: Abdominal and Pelvic MR Angiography

This review guides readers through the selection and setup of standardized MR angiography (MRA) protocols for the abdomen and pelvis for common clinical applications. Topics covered include renovascular MRA in potential kidney donors and in patients with hypertension; hepatic and mesenteric MRA in potential liver donors, patients with portal hypertension, and patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia; pelvic MRA for pretreatment planning before uterine fibroid embolization and in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome; and abdominal wall MRA for planning of breast reconstructive surgery. This module is the fifth in a series created on behalf of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography (SMRA), a group of researchers and clinicians who are passionate about the benefits of MRA but understand its challenges. <i>The full digital presentation is available online.</i> <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2022.

Topic: MRI in cancer diagnosis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is there a future for biologics in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa consisting of poorly defined subtypes and characterized by variable clinical manifestations, responses to therapy, and underlying pathophysiologies. In the related disorder of asthma, progress has been made in defining disease subtypes on both clinical and pathophysiologic levels, facilitating the development of targeted biologic pharmacotherapy. The potential role of these drugs for the management of CRS will be reviewed. The objective of this work is to highlight the emerging therapeutic targets in CRS in light of evolving treatment options for asthma and enhanced understandings of the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of CRS. Methods This article is a review of recent studies regarding current and future advances in biomarker‐directed therapies in the medical treatment of CRS. Results Various biologic therapies used in the management of asthma have demonstrated clinical promise for CRS, particularly within the CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) phenotype. Several randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies increasingly support the targeting of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin (IL)‐5 pathways to improve outcome measures in CRSwNP patients. The IL‐4/IL‐13 pathway and other type 2 inflammatory pathways have also shown potential as targets for CRSwNP, but all pathways require further investigation. Conclusion Recalcitrant CRS in the United States and Europe is most commonly associated with nasal polyposis and a type 2 cytokine skewing in the tissue, resulting in tissue infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. Targeting biomarkers of the associated type 2 pathways may be a practical treatment option for recalcitrant CRSwNP in the future.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Yellow Pigments of Aspergillus niger and Asp. awamori Part I

From mycelia of Asp. niger and Asp. awamori aurasperones A, B and C along with related two yellow pigments have been isolated. Aurasperone A, C32H26010, is obtained in yellow prisms; m. p. 207°C; [α]D-136°; gives the diacetate and the dimethyl ether and is assumed to be a dimeric 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy-4H-naphtho [2, 3-b] pyran-4-one (IV). Aurasperone B, [α]D+46.3°, is the main yellow metabolite, m. p. 186°C, and affords aurasperone A on hydrochloric acid-treatment. It has molecular formula C32H30012 and is supposed to have the structure (V). The other yellow pigments have been found to be also congeners of aurasperone A.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Potential Role of the Heme Oxygenase/Carbon Monoxide System in Male Sexual Dysfunctions

ABSTRACT Introduction Recently there has been a growing interest regarding the role of carbon monoxide (CO) and its precursor, heme oxygenase (HO) in mediation of penile erection and their potential roles as molecular targets in treatment of erectile dysfunction. Aim To review the available literature on the role of the HO/CO system in male sexual dysfunctions. Methods This review will begin by a discussion of the physiology of the HO/CO system followed by a detailed assessment of the literature examining the role of HO/CO system in male sexual dysfunctions. Main Outcome Measures The effect of HO/CO system on penile erection, ejaculation, and priapism. Results Most of the studies attempting to investigate the role of HO/CO in male sexual functions focused on penile erection. The majority of these studies did report a significant positive effect of the HO/CO system on penile erection. However, none of these studies examined the role of HO/CO system in aging animals; aging being considered the most important risk factor for ED. Furthermore, only one study tested the role of HO/CO system in erectile function. The important observation that HO-2 deficient mice have low bulbospongiosus muscle activity deserves extensive research on the value of HO inhibition in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Data from the only study on low-flow priapism and HO suggests that HO-1 is involved in the paradigm of low-flow priapism. Conclusions The HO/CO system may have an important role in many male sexual functions. Extensive research is needed to precisely delineate the extent to which the HO/CO system plays in the physiology and pathophysiology of male sexual dysfunctions.

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chapter 8 Anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery in the elderly

• Emergency abdominal surgery is the highest risk for mortality in the elderly.• Assessment of dehydration is imperative.• Direct (intra-arterial) monitoring of blood pressure is necessary.• Effective analgesia improves outcome.• Only experienced anaesthetists should manage emergency abdominal surgical cases.• Not all abdominal pain is surgically treatable.• Fluid losses are very common and may be difficult to measure.• Temperature loss is universal.• Nitrous oxide causes bowel distension and should be avoided.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Job Choice and Total Labor Supply: An Experimental Analysis

Short-run responses of individuals and households to changes in relative and real wage rates are an integral component of economic theory. The principal means of empirically investigating and testing the theory has been to use individual or aggregate data for subgroups of individuals at a moment in time who differ with respect to wage rates and income levels or to use aggregate data for a subgroup of individuals over time. Use of these data sets in empirical studies of the short-run theory of individual labor supply raise considerable problems of interpretation which are well known [2; 14; 18] and, hence, will not be repeated here. This is not to say that the many studies of labor supply behavior which have used cross-sectional and aggregate time series data have not been worthwhile, but rather to suggest that there is ample room to investigate labor supply be-

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students: Proceedings and consensus

Abstract Introduction Cariology is today a broad‐based discipline and in the Spanish university teaching field, all this knowledge is not unified in a curriculum. Therefore, the aim was to develop a consensus text based on the European Core Curriculum, updated, and adapted to the characteristics of the Spanish university environment. Materials and Methods A Spanish Cariology Curriculum Group (SCCG) was set up with members of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO), Spanish Society of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry (SEOC) and Spanish Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SEOP) and university experts to adapt the European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students (ECCC) for Spain. The work was carried out online during 2018 and 2019, and also face‐to‐face meetings took place to obtain a draft curriculum open for discussion that was presented to all the Spanish universities. The final modifications to the document were specified in a Consensus Conference of Spanish universities offering a Degree in Dentistry that took place in Madrid on 19 November 2019. Results Thirty‐eight university experts, under SCCG supervision, participated in the elaboration of the new framework document. A total of 16 universities, from 23 invited, reached a consensus as to the contents of the Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. This new Curriculum emphasises learning outcomes, uses a consensus‐based terminology pertaining to caries and other hard‐tissue conditions, and introduces a new domain of competence in Domain III of ECCC. Conclusion This new Cariology Curriculum is the result of a very broad‐based consensus of university experts in Spain and lays the foundation for the implementation of an integrated teaching of Cariology in Spain in adherence to Alliance for a Caries Free Future (ACFF) objectives.

Topic: Dental Health and Care Utilization
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration using Silicone Rubber Chamber Combined by Local Administration of Cyclosporin a in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction:The repair of peripheral nerve injuries is still one of the most challenging tasks and concerns in neurosurgery.Effect of cyclosporin (CsA) loaded silicon conduit as an in situ delivery system of CsA in bridging the defects was studied using a sciatic nerve regeneration model in diabetic rats.Methods: A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a silicon conduit (SIL/CsA) filled with 10 µL carrier-drug dilution (10 ng/mL CsA).In control group (SIL), the conduit was filled with the same volume of the phosphate buffered solution.The regenerated fibers were studied 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after surgery. Result:The functional and electrophysiological studies confirmed faster recovery of the regenerated axons in CsA treated than control group (P < 0.05).The mean ratios of gastrocnemius muscles weight were measured.There was statistically significant difference between the muscle weight ratios of SIL/CsA and SIL groups (P<0.05).Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in SIL/CsA were significantly higher than in control group. Conclusion:Cyclosporin when loaded in a silicon conduit resulted in improvement of functional recovery and quantitative morphometric indices of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats.drugs have been used combined with tube grafting to promote nerve regeneration [2,8].It has been reported that using silicone tubes in bridging of nerve defects could be promising because it is inert and does not induce extensive scarring or degeneration after implantation [9].The advantages like no donor morbidity, availability, affordability and no foreign reactions make silicone rubber chamber an attractive alternative to other standard grafts [10].It has been demonstrated that silicone rubber tubes are well tolerated in humans even after 3 years of implantation [11].Immunosuppressants were originally introduced to prevent rejection of allografts; later, it was discovered that FK506 also possessed nerve regenerative properties when applied systemically and topically loaded at sub-immunosuppressant doses in non-nerve grafts [12][13][14][15].Cyclosporine has been widely employed in organ transplantations in association with other drugs, allowing a significant morbidity reduction when compared to early immunosuppression methods [16].Mechanism of action of cyclosporine in nerve regeneration remains controversial [17][18][19][20].The role of cyclosporine A (CsA) on peripheral nerve regeneration has been investigated after peripheral nerve allografting in experimental models immunosuppressed with CsA [21,22].Most of these studies were concentrated on allograft

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Long-term changes in corneal endothelial morphology following wounding in the cat.

The cat eye was used to determine the long-term morphological changes in the corneal endothelium that occur after central endothelial wounding. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasonic pachometry. Specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry was used to quantify central and peripheral endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV) and the mean and standard deviation of the shape factor (S) over an 18-month period. After endothelial wounding, there was a rapid increase in corneal thickness followed by a rapid nonlinear decline, reaching presurgical levels 35 days after wounding. Central cell density had decreased by 25% at 4 weeks after wounding. During the following 18 months, endothelial cell density in the central cornea increased slightly. The coefficient of variation had increased by 60% at 4 weeks after wounding. This recovered slowly and had reached control levels by 18 months. The mean shape factor was higher in the wounded eye throughout the 18 months, whereas the standard deviation of the shape factor recovered after 12 months. Peripheral ECD had decreased significantly by 12 months after wounding, while COV and the mean shape factor was not significantly affected. The standard deviation of the shape factor had also increased significantly in the peripheral cornea after 18 months. These findings suggest that following endothelial wounding in the cat, changes in endothelial morphology occur over the entire cornea. Endothelial cell density and the shape factor have not recovered to control values, even 18 months after wounding. This pattern of endothelial repair supports the mechanisms of cell movement suggested by Honda et al and confirm the similarities in endothelial response between cat and man.

Topic: Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mental Health of Postgraduate Orthodontic Students in India: A Multi‐Institution Survey

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of postgraduate orthodontic students in India by assessing the extent of three common negative affective states: depression, anxiety, and stress. Three hundred and thirty postgraduate students from thirty‐two dental colleges across India anonymously completed the short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21). The statistical analysis included summary statistics, nonparametric tests for intergroup comparisons, and logistic regressions to evaluate the influence of age, gender, year of study, and marital status on these mental states. In comparison to the general population, the students experienced mildly elevated levels of depression and anxiety (11±5.1 and 8.2±4.1, respectively) and a moderately elevated level of psychological stress (22±5.2). A moderate or higher level of coexisting symptoms of all three affective states was seen in 15.8 percent of the students. Female students reported a higher level of depression than males and were two and half times more likely to experience depression to a moderate or higher level. First‐year students exhibited lower levels in all three states than those in the second and third years and had lower odds than third‐year students of developing a moderate or higher level of any of the three affective states. Marriage had a significant buffering potential against all these states. The results clearly indicate a suboptimal level of mental health in these postgraduate students of the specialty and the need to improve their mental resilience and the academic climate.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of NFC Mobile Application for Information on Textile Materials

Convergence of IT devices and fashion is enabling the industry to take fully different approaches in various areas including product planning, fabric selecting, distributing, and marketing. At the same time, it also transforms the definition of clothing itself. Convergence of IT technologies in the realm of fashion and textiles industries can create a powerful synergy through connection digital devices, such as mobile phone. In this context, this study attempts to suggest how IT technology can be efficiently harnessed through the usage of mobile devices in the planning stage of fashion materials, where the initial production plan of a clothing item is mapped out. This study ultimately aims to enhance the effectiveness of databases on fashion material information by using mobile devices to utilize NFC, an RFID technology having as much revolutionary power as Internet - which can be the convergence between IT and fashion across the software dimensions. To pursue this research, data on fashion material information regarding 200 woven fabric specimens were provided by textile companies. The information includes elements such as its composition, weight, width, yarn, density and sales report. These pieces of information were organized into a database. Drawing on this data, Android-based applications that allow smart phones to read off fabric information from NFC tags were developed for this study using two methods. The system works as follows: 1. NFC tag stickers are attached onto the hangers where 200 fabric samples are hanging. 2. The NFC tag stickers are tagged, or read off from a smart phone that support NFC functions. 3. Upon tagging, the Smart phone swiftly displays all information available on its screen - not only the aforementioned six elements, but also the image of the clothing item from the fabric in its finalized product form, and the video of the model wearing the item - for convenient view. The method harbors immense potential for the fashion industry in general, and will also be useful in those fields inside the industry that harness NFC technology.

Topic: Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
First Integrated Point-of-Care Test for Malaria and Anemia

Anemia affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, which is about 25% of the world's population. Anemia has numerous causes ranging from nutritional deficiencies, primary hematologic diseases, and infectious diseases such as malaria. Among the various causes of anemia world-wide, malaria is the 3rd most prevalent cause in Sub-Saharan Africa and the 8th most prevalent cause globally. Anemia and malaria diagnosis/monitoring are challenging in low- and middle-income countries due to lack of laboratory infrastructure and skilled personnel as well as insufficient financial resources. We extended our previously established Gazelle™ malaria detection system to add total hemoglobin quantification and anemia testing capability. The new Gazelle Anemia-Malaria (Gazelle-A&M) is mass-producible at low cost and offers the first and only single point-of-care (POC) test for portable, affordable, and accurate, anemia and malaria diagnosis.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences