jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FEM Analysis for Burring Process of Large Diameter SUS304 Tube

This paper describes a finite element method (FEM) analysis for cold burring process of large diameter SUS304 pipe.The large diameter pipes such as ϕ216.3mm are used for a plant as a flow channel of gas and liquid.A burring process of pipe is generally for forming the branch.Burring molding is one of the typical molding techniques for branch pipes.The burring process is achieved by drawing of die from prepared hole.And the branch pipes are generally joined by welding.But this process has some problem.First, burring processing has a forming limit.Second, wall thickness and strain are uneven at the branch part of burring forming.Also, the hole important for burring processing is different from the optimum shape.In this study, we proposed calculation of suitable mother pipe holes.The target branch pipe in this study is a branch pipe with a uniform height of nominal diameter 100 A, diameter 114.3 mm, wall thickness 3.0 mm, burring height 10 mm.In this study, we aim to construct a burring analysis model and to calculate an appropriate hole shape which enables welding without requiring end face cutting when joining branch pipes.In the burring process, the initial shape is very important.In the process of this paper, we first construct a burring analysis model and decide the initial shape of the hole.Next, we analyze the initial shape and find problems.This problem depends on the hole shape.Therefore, we found that this hole shape improvement is necessary.In this paper, the results of the optimal hole shape improved and the analysis result are shown, decided from analysis.In this paper, the forming limit of the SUS 304 pipe of the mother pipe 200A and the branch pipe 100A was investigated.By this analysis, it was possible to reproduce the branch pipe with almost uniform height of the branch end part on the FEM analysis.

Topic: Metal Forming Simulation Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Materials of performance

In 1973, Buzz Goodbody made her main-stage solo directorial debut with a production of As You Like It that was led by Eileen Atkins as Rosalind and Richard Pasco as Jaques. In what has become a familiar tactic in productions of this play, the strict, tightly-buttoned formality of the court scenes lent them a vaguely Edwardian than contemporary flavour, while the move to Arden released the lords and lovers into easy-going, casual-contemporary style. This was evident in the most remarked-upon of the production's costume decisions, its liberal use of denim. The programme for the As You Like It concisely articulated both the production's and the RSC's position in the 1980s theatrical marketplace. Twelve years later, the scene would be given a more pointedly metaphorical colouring in Adrian Noble's production, which was led by Juliet Stevenson as Rosalind, Fiona Shaw as Celia and Alan Rickman as Jaques.

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Psychosis, Polydipsia, and Water Intoxication

In the absence of complicating medical illness, psychogenic polydipsia has been regarded as a fairly benign process. This paper reports on a case of rapidly fatal water intoxication secondary to psychogenic polydipsia in a psychotic woman. A review of the literature revealed a strong association between psychosis and water intoxication in compulsive water drinkers. The possible role of neuroendocrine changes in psychosis is discussed and the danger of thiazide diuretics in psychogenic polydipsia is emphasized.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Neuroborreliosis in a patient with progressive supranuclear paralysis. An association or the cause?].

We consider aspects of the aetiology of PSP which are still not clear. In our patient, the aetiology seemed to be Bb infection, according to the criteria of the original description of the disease and in view of the neuropathological findings which have shown Bb in the substancia nigra of the mid-brain and the existence of an animal model in which Bb shows a particular tendency to colonize infratentorial structures.

Topic: Neurological diseases and metabolism
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Influencing Factors of Bearing Behavior of Settlement Reducing Pile Foundation for Immersed Tunnel

Settlement reducing pile foundation has recently been proposed as an important progress in the design theory of pile foundation, which is one type of deformation-based foundations. Compared with the common design method, settlement reducing pile foundation can greatly reduce the number of required piles. Aimed to the influence of pile cap, cushion, pile spacing, pile length on bearing behavior of settlement reducing pile foundation, the indoor tests on steel pipe settlement reducing pile foundation for immersed tunnel were carried out in sand. Based on uniform design, the six groups of tests with 3×4 pile groups were conducted, furthermore, earth pressure, axial force of pile shaft, and foundation settlement were measured. When the load applied increased, the plastic failure of the soil occurred under the corner of immersed tunnel. The result shows that the earth pressure distribution against immersed tunnel is similar to the normal base reaction in sand which is big in the center and small in the border. The correlation analysis result indicates that apply pile cap, reduce cushion thickness, increase pile spacing and increase pile length can increase the pile load sharing ratio. Compared with the average value of correlation coefficient of each influencing factor, pile length has the most remarkable effect on the pile load sharing ratio, then cushion and pile cap, and pile spacing has the minimal effect among these influencing factors. The research can provide a reference for design of relevant projects.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S4 from Stromal DDR2 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Metastasis through Regulation of Metabolism and Secretion of Extracellular Matrix Proteins

&lt;p&gt;Inhibition of DDR2 in OF 206 decreases HIF-1 and hexokinase transcription in response to collagen stimulation and does not alter cell viability, related to Figure 6&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Fibrinogen/LDL Precipitation (HELP): A Promising Regimen for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Current management of atherosclerotic diseases consists primarily of medical therapy designed to increase oxygen supply to the heart, the brain, retinal vessels, or lower limbs. The development of these diseases is based on atherosclerotic changes induced by risk factors such as elevated levels of fibrinogen and lipoproteins. These risk factors are related to a dramatic deterioration of the hemorrheologic pattern, which reduces perfusion. Consequently, attempts are now being made to treat ischemia via hemorrhe ological intervention. A new treatment modality utilizing the heparin-induced extracor poreal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) precipitation (HELP), offers the possibility of obtaining therapeutic success not only in cases of severe hypercholesterolemia but also in the field of hemorrheology. With HELP a safe and rapid reduction of fibrinogen and lipid fractions has become feasible, thus providing acute improvements of red cell aggregation, of the filterability of blood cells, of whole-blood and plasma viscosity, and thereby of microcirculation. Because cerebrovascular diseases are known to be related to distur bances of the hemorrheological situation, the HELP system is used in the Department of Electrobiology of Graz for the treatment of acute stroke, cerebral multiinfarct disease, and occlusions of retinal arteries.

Topic: Blood properties and coagulation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Conflictive Touring

Problems to understand social phenomenon associates to our misconceptions, stereotypes and prejudices imposed during our early socialization. This happens not only with tourism which is valorized as a right of all citizens in modern societies, but also with terrorism, judged as the main threat of West. However, what would happen if both would be different sides of the same coin? This essay review explores the roots of tourism and terrorism during the process of unionization in US. What on one hand resulted in a hyper-mobile process that shore up tourism, on another was a desesperate attempt to struggle against terrorism. In this vein, it is safe to say that tourism is terrorism by other means.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preservation effects on stable isotope ratios and consequences for the reconstruction of energetic pathways

Stable isotope analysis provides a power- ful tool for describing the energetic pathways in a variety of ecosystems. However, isotope ratios of animal tissues can be altered by preservation methods, potentially leading to biased estimates of energy pathways when they are not taken into account. Here, we investigated the direct preservation effects of formalin, ethanol, NaCl, and drying on the d 13 C and d 15 N of fish muscle tissues, as well as the ultimate effects on the reconstruction of the energy pathways. All preservation methods, except drying, had signifi- cant impacts on d 13 C and d 15 N values. The effects of preservation appear to be highly taxa-specific and no significant time-dependent variations in nearly 2-year duration of preservation. d 13 C and d 15 N values were generally changed dramatically within the early stage of the preservation process and became stable over a relatively long-term preservation. Using an isotopic balance mixing model, the isotope-based food web reconstruction reveals that, without preservation cor- rection, the importance of the pelagic energetic pathways for the fishes could be misestimated, except for the drying preservation. These results highlight that preservation can bias the interpretation of food web reconstruction results.

Topic: Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stop the Madness! An Examination of Mental Health Stigma and Proposal to Implement Widespread Efforts for its Reduction

Many people in the United States are affected by mental health conditions. Mental health stigma is a social problem characterized by negative representation in the media, numerous barriers to obtaining treatment, and feelings of shame for those affected by a mental health disorder. While there is evidence of positive outcomes to some anti-stigma campaigns, there has been a failure for these programs to become widespread, covering all parts of American society. This paper has been created to present recommendations for widespread initiatives at the federal and state level. Recommendations for training and sensitivity programs targeting places of employment and schools, along with alteration of perceptions of people with mental illness in the media have been made. This topic and resulting recommendations may pave the path to reduce the severity and madness of mental health stigma in society.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein Folding: From Classical Issues to a New Perspective

The Levinthal paradox exposes many critical questions on the protein folding problem, among which we could point out why proteins can reach their native state in a biologically reasonable time. A proper answer to this question is of foremost importance for evolutive biology since it enables us to understand life as we know it. Preliminary results, based on the upper bound protein marginal-stability limit, together with transition state theory arguments, lead us to show that two-state proteins must reach their native state in, at most, seconds rather than ($\sim 10^{27}$) years -- as indicated by a naive solution of the Levinthal paradox. This outcome -- added to the amide hydrogen-exchange protection factors analysis -- makes it possible for us to suggest how a protein point mutations and/or post-translational modifications impact its folding time scales but not its upper bound limit that obeys the physics ruling the process. Noteworthy for almost 50 years, the protein folding problem --mas the Levinthal paradox -- has been a topic of passionate debate because Anfinsen's challenge -- how a sequence encodes its folding -- remains unsolved despite the smashing success of accurately predicting the protein tridimensional structures by state-of-the-art numerical-methods. Aimed to unlock this long-standing challenge, we propose a new perspective of protein folding, specifically, as a problem that should be devised as an 'analytic whole' -- a Leibniz &amp; Kant's notion. This viewpoint might help us decode Anfinsen's challenge and, thus, open new avenues for future research in the protein folding field.

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Skeletal metastases and pathological fractures

A pathological fracture occurs through an area of abnormal bone. There is either a reduction in the quantity or quality of bone present. Bone metastases from visceral primary lesions or primary haematopoietic tumours such as myeloma are common and may lead to pathological fracture. There is a complex interaction between the host bone and the invading tumour cells, which influences the behaviour of the lesion. Patients presenting with a bone lesion may be known to have skeletal metastatic disease; it may be the first presentation of a malignancy or a presentation of progression of a previously diagnosed tumour. In patients who present with a lesion with no prior diagnosis of malignancy, a primary bone tumour must be excluded. Investigations are required to stage the lesion locally and distally and to identify the nature of the lesion. This information should then be discussed at a multidisciplinary clinical pathological conference to guide further management.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Approximate eigenvalue distribution for the ratio of Wishart matrices

We discuss approximations for the distribution of eigenvalues of the ratio of Wishart matrices when the population eigenvalues are infinitely dispersed. The first approximation is expressed as the F distribution with suitable parameters, and the second is expressed by the product of F distributions. Numerical examples show that the proposed approximations are more accurate than the known asymptotic expansions of the normal distribution.

Topic: Random Matrices and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Operator for Entity Extraction in MapReduce

Dictionary-based entity extraction involves finding mentions of dictionary entities in text. Text mentions are often noisy, containing spurious or missing words. Efficient algorithms for detecting approximate entity mentions follow one of two general techniques. The first approach is to build an index on the entities and perform index lookups of document substrings. The second approach recognizes that the number of substrings generated from documents can explode to large numbers, to get around this, they use a filter to prune many such substrings which do not match any dictionary entity and then only verify the remaining substrings if they are entity mentions of dictionary entities, by means of a text join. The choice between the index-based approach and the filter &amp; verification-based approach is a case-to-case decision as the best approach depends on the characteristics of the input entity dictionary, for example frequency of entity mentions. Choosing the right approach for the setting can make a substantial difference in execution time. Making this choice is however non-trivial as there are parameters within each of the approaches that make the space of possible approaches very large. In this paper, we present a cost-based operator for making the choice among execution plans for entity extraction. Since we need to deal with large dictionaries and even larger large datasets, our operator is developed for implementations of MapReduce distributed algorithms.

Topic: Data Quality and Management
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nitrogen assimilation by a Citrus tree

Abstract Primary assimilation of 15 N‐ammonium or 15 N‐nitrate by excised leaves of satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Markovitch) was examined under light and dark conditions. Under both conditions both types of nitrogen were most markedly incorporated into glutamine‐amide nitrogen in the primary step of the assimilation, and into proline in the later steps. Incorporation of ammonium or nitrate into amino acids was more active in the light than in the dark, although the stimulating effect of light on the incorporation was relatively small in both cases.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Novák as an Axial Figure in Czech Music

Early in the 1880s, thus during the final years of the life of Bedřich Smetana, the Czech aesthetician Otakar Hostinský (1847-1910) sketched a conception of the further development of Czech modern music, reacting to widespread fears about the further fates of Czech music after the death of its founders and attempting to prevent its possible regression. He based his thoughts on the idea that continuous musical progress was indispensable:

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of the UK Price Codes on Accounting Functions in Organisations: A Power Perspective

Abstract The literature on pricing has hardly used the concepts of organisation theory to emphasise the internal factors that seem to influence the mechanics of pricing decisions. It is this missing theme to which this article attempts to draw attention by arguing that pricing decisions are influenced by organisational subunits ‘power which is not necessarily constant over time. This was made possible by examining the impact of the Price Commission, which operated in the UK between 1973 and 1979, on companies’ pricing decision making processes.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Theoretical Analysis of Separating Nitrogen Isotopes by Ion-Exchange.

To mathematically simulate the ion exchange isotope separation processes, a set of differential equations have been derived and numerically solved with the second order accurate explicit TVD scheme, using the system parameters for 15N isotope separation reported by Spedding et al. The results show that the numerical solutions agree approximately with the experimentally observed 15N enrichment profiles. The present method would offer substantial potential for evaluating the separative performance of the ion exchange isotope separation.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bayesian selection of scaling laws for motion modeling in images

Based on scaling laws describing the statistical structure of turbulent motion across scales, we propose a multiscale and non-parametric regularizer for optic-flow estimation. Regularization is achieved by constraining motion increments to behave through scales as the most likely self-similar process given some image data. In a first level of inference, the hard constrained minimization problem is optimally solved by taking advantage of lagrangian duality. It results in a collection of first-order regularizers acting at different scales. This estimation is non-parametric since the optimal regularization parameters at the different scales are obtained by solving the dual problem. In a second level of inference, the most likely self-similar model given the data is optimally selected by maximization of Bayesian evidence. The motion estimator accuracy is first evaluated on a synthetic image sequence of simulated bi-dimensional turbulence and then on a real meteorological image sequence. Results obtained with the proposed physical based approach exceeds the best state of the art results. Furthermore, selecting from images the most evident multiscale motion model enables the recovery of physical quantities, which are of major interest for turbulence characterization.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Semiquantitative Analysis of the Effects of Fixation and Paraffin Embedding on Immunoreactivity of Renal Basement Membranes to a Monoclonal Antibody against Type IV Collagen.

The effects of formalin fixation and paraffin embedding on the immunoreactivity of human kidney to a monoclonal anti-type IV collagen antibody (JK-199) were examined semiquantitatively by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intensity of immunoreactivity in paraffin sections of the tissue fixed overnight with 10% formalin was approximately 70% of that in frozen sections. Immunoreactivity reduced to this extent did not impair the specific staining of basement membranes. Paraffin sections of tissues fixed 2 days showed 50-60% of the reactivity in the frozen sections of the tissue fixed overnight; the basement membranes in Bowman's capsules were stained positively, but those in other sites were not. The paraffin sections of tissues fixed 7 or 14 days showed no specific immunostaining. The immunoreactivity for type IV collagen in the basement membranes was restored after treatment with pronase E. The immunoreactivity after the enzymatic treatment was about 150% of that in the frozen sections of the overnight fixed specimens.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences