jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Liberalizacija trgovine, privredni razvoj i STO posle Dohe

This paper analyzes the actions that could be taken in the context of the WTO Doha negotiations to assist countries in benefiting from deeper trade integration. It discusses the policy agenda faced by many developing countries and identifies a number of focal points that could be used both as targets and as benchmarks to increase the likelihood that the WTO negotiations will support development. To achieve these targets a number of negotiating modalities are proposed both for goods and services-related market access issues, as well as rule making in regulatory areas. Developing countries must approach the WTO negotiations with a firm view of their national priorities, and seek to ensure that multilateral obligations will assist in, and not detract from, the realization of development objectives. For the development community this implies that the priority should be given to strengthening the capacity to identify national priorities and to analyze the cost and benefits of the proposed agreements in light of those priorities.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Clay Mineralogy of Pennsylvanian Sediments in Southern Illinois

Abstract Controversy over the origin of clay minerals in ancient sediments arises because it is difficult to segregate the factors that cause differences in clay mineral composition. A plan of sampling based on four contrasts was used to evaluate some of these factors. Contrasts studied were: (1) permeability contrasts (sandstone vs. shales); (2) environmental contrasts (cyclic sedimentation); (3) weathering contrasts (outcrop vs. core); (4) source area contrasts (orthoquartzite facies vs. subgraywacke facies). The resultant data indicate that clay minerals are both allogenic and authigenic. Allogenic clay minerals are the rule when inheritance from the source area dominates either postdepositional or environmental effect; authigenic clay minerals are found where the environment dominates. Rapid sedimentation favors a dominance of allogenic clay minerals, and major depositional environmental effects are required to produce appreciable change. Some of the factors that influence clay mineral composition include source area contribution, the depositional environment, postdepositional effects after burial, permeability, and postdepositional weathering effects.

Topic: Clay minerals and soil interactions
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Query Optimization Scheme using Query Classification in Hybrid Spatial DBMS

본 논문에서는 하이브리드 공간 DBMS에서 질의 분류를 이용한 최적화 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 질의에 이용되는 데이터의 위치에 따라 메모리 질의, 디스크 질의, 하이브리드 질의로 분류하여 처리한다. 특히, 하이브리드 질의의 경우에는 실체화 뷰의 사용률을 높이기 위해 실체화 뷰 생성 조건과 사용자 질의 조건을 비교하여 술어를 분할하는 메커니즘을 적용한다. 또한 질의를 최적화하기 위해 분류된 질의의 비용 계산 결과를 이용하여 최소 비용의 데이터 접근 경로를 선택할 수 있는 데이터 접근 경로 선택 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 대용량 데이터 관리와 빠른 응답 속도를 동시에 만족하는 하이브리드 공간 DBMS의 성능을 기존의 디스크 기반 공간 DBMS보다 최소 20%에서 최대 50%의 성능 향상을 보인다. We propose the query optimization technique using query classification in hybrid spatial DBMS. In our approach, user queries should to be classified into three types: memory query, disk query, and hybrid query. Specialty, In the hybrid query processing, the query predicate is divided by comparison between materialized view creating conditions and user query conditions. Then, the deductions of the classified queries' cost formula are used for the query optimization. The optimization is mainly done by the selection algorithm of the smallest cost data access path. Our approach improves the performance of hybrid spatial DBMS than traditional disk-based DBMS by <TEX>$20%{\sim}50%$</TEX>.

Topic: Data Management and Algorithms
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Case of IgE Myeloma

Abstract We report a case of IgE myeloma in a 78-year-old woman who presented with bone pain in the shoulder and hip and progressive weakness. Except for hypercalcemia, routine chemistry values were within normal limits. Hemoglobin was decreased and the leukocyte count slightly increased. Plasma cells were not observed in the peripheral blood. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal protein in the beta-globulin fraction. Immunofixation confirmed the presence of an IgE kappa monoclonal protein. A bone marrow biopsy revealed an interstitial and nodular infiltration of abnormal plasma cells comprising 60% of nucleated cells present. Skeletal roentgenograms and bone scans of this patient showed osteolytic lesions and osteopenia of the thoracic and lumbar spine and osteolytic destruction of the right half of the sacrum. Flow-cytometric analysis of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood showed that 15% of the lymphocytes bound IgE. Using cell-surface markers, we identified 45% of the IgE-positive cells as natural killer cells. Similar results have been found in other diseases marked by increased IgE. The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings for this patient are compared with previously reported cases of IgE and other types of myeloma.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1428132: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Neotyphodium</i>Research and Application in New Zealand

This chapter contains section titled: Arl is Now the Benchmark in New Zealand Tall Fescue Endophyten in New Zealand Further Research with Ryegrass Seed Inventory and Quality Control Endophyte Genetic Research Native Grasses Control of Vertebrate Pests Current Priorities References

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Romidepsin Induces G2/M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an extremely intractable malignancy since most patients are already in an advanced stage when firstly discovered. CCA needs more effective treatment, especially for advanced cases. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of romidepsin on CCA cells in vitro and in vivo and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The antitumor effect was determined by cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. A CCK-8 assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of romidepsin on CCA cells, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects of romidepsin on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Moreover, the in vivo effects of romidepsin were measured in a CCA xenograft model. Results: Romidepsin could reduce the viability of CCA cells and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, indicating that romidepsin has a significant antitumor effect on CCA cells in vitro. Mechanistically, the antitumor effect of romidepsin on the CCA cell lines was mediated by the induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and promotion of cell apoptosis. The G2/M phase arrest of the CCA cells was associated with the downregulation of cyclinB and upregulation of the p-cdc2 protein, resulting in cell cycle arrest. The apoptosis of the CCA cells induced by romidepsin was attributed to the activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, romidepsin significantly inhibited the growth of the tumor volume of the CCLP-1 xenograft, indicating that romidepsin significantly inhibited the proliferation of CCA cells in vivo. Conclusions: Romidepsin suppressed the proliferation of CCA cells by inducing cell cycle arrest through cdc2/cyclinB and cell apoptosis by targeting caspase-3/PARP both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that romidepsin is a potential therapeutic agent for CCA.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Invisible CO2 gas killing trees at Mammoth Mountain, California

Since 1980, scientists have monitored geologic unrest in Long Valley Caldera and at adjacent Mammoth Mountain, California. After a persistent swarm of earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain in 1989, geologists discovered that large volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) gas were seeping from beneath this volcano. This gas is killing trees on the mountain and also can be a danger to people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continues to study the CO2 emissions to help protect the public from this invisible potential hazard.

Topic: Fire effects on ecosystems
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A planning guide for temporary disaster shelters focusing on habitability

This study aims to develop the temporary shelter planning guide on the basis of taking their habitability for disaster victims into account in South Korea. Based on the results of the critical review, this research proposed an analytic framework emphasizing habitability which is closely related to the quality of temporary shelter environment in terms of safety, healthy living and cultural issues. The planning guide is composed of four dimensions: safety, health, sociality and comfort. Compared to the existing studies on temporary shelter, habitability is more heavily emphasized, including detailed interviews with disaster victims, volunteers and government officials to gain the broadest possible perspective on issues involved. Based on a three-step study, 46 planning guides for temporary shelters were developed to suit the specific needs of disaster stakeholders. The results suggest that ensuring habitability is essential for victims' living in the confusing situation. However, planning guides would differently apply to each disaster situation depending on the unpredictable conditions in the field of disaster. This paper should provide for significant emphasis on the practical use of the guidelines and the priority of their application.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Performance of handoff algorithm based on distance and RSSI measurements

The performance of a proposed handoff algorithm based on both the distance of a mobile station to neighboring base stations and the relative signal strength measurements is evaluated. The algorithm performs handoff when the measured distance from the serving base station exceeds that from the candidate base station by a given threshold and if the measured signal strength of the adjacent base station exceeds that of the serving base station by a given hysteresis level. The average handoff delay and average number of handoffs are used as criteria for performance. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the distance-based handoff algorithm, including results for an additional criterion based on relative signal strength. The proposed algorithm is compared with an algorithm based on absolute and relative signal strength measurements and with a solely distance-based algorithm. It is found that the proposed handoff algorithm performs well in a log-normal fading environment when the distance estimate error is modeled by wide-sense stationary additive white Gaussian noise.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE IMPORTANCE OF ZINC IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE AND HOW U.S. RESOURCES COULD CONTRIBUTE

Zinc (Zn) is primarily used for galvanization and is essential to prevent corrosion of wind turbines used for energy generation; therefore, Zn is an indispensable component of the low-carbon energy transition. To meet a mitigation scenario where average global temperature increase is limited to 2°C by 2100, which is less ambitious than the Paris Agreement, total Zn demand will need to increase ~80% by 2050. The current five-year average of annual apparent consumption of refined Zn in the U.S. is 887,000 metric tons. If Zn mining in the U.S. is to meet the future demands of the 2°C scenario, annual apparent consumption will need to increase to 1,597,000 metric tons by 2050. The USGS Mineral Deposit Database (USMIN) project creates geospatial databases that are authoritative sources of the most important mines, mineral deposits, and mineral districts in the U.S. USMIN has focused on critical minerals since 2017. Zinc was added to the 2022 Final list of critical minerals due to increasing supply risk as determined by quantitative assessment. Accordingly, USMIN has started compilation of data on Zn deposits, including attributes such as resources, production, and grade. USMIN has gathered data for 30 Zn deposits in the U.S. that have contained resources plus production values that exceed the five-year average of annual apparent consumption. Only 17 of these deposits have reported resources and when combined, they amount to 45.4 Mt Zn. The five deposits with the highest grades (>6.5% Zn) have combined resources of 19.5 Mt. At the current rate of consumption, U.S. resources could theoretically supply more than 50 years of Zn. If annual production from U.S. Zn mines were to increase linearly to meet the future requirements of the 2°C scenario, the cumulative amount of Zn mined by the year 2050 would increase from 24.8 Mt (current production rate) to 34.7 Mt. The U.S. has sufficient resources to meet this demand when including deposits of all grades. However, only three of the five highest-grade deposits are currently being mined and it is estimated that the energy consumption for Zn mining doubles if ore grades decrease from 6.5 to 0.24 wt.%. Should the highest-grade deposits be mined first to realize the greatest margin between the energy expended for mining against the subsequent energy produced from wind generation?

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
1 Title: Genetic Markers for Western Corn Rootworm Resistance to Bt Toxin

Western corn rootworm (WCR) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) pest leading to annual economic losses of more than $1B in the US. Transgenic maize expressing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used for management of WCR. However, cultivation of Bt-expressing maize places intense selection pressure on pest populations to evolve resistance. Instances of resistance to Bt toxins have been reported in WCR. Developing genetic markers for resistance will help in characterizing the extent of existing issues, predicting where future field failures may occur, improving insect resistance management (IRM) strategies, and in designing and sustainably implementing forthcoming WCR control products. Here we discover and validate genetic markers in WCR that are associated with resistance to the Cry3Bb1 Bt toxin. A field-derived WCR population known to be resistant to the Cry3Bb1 Bt toxin was used to generate a genetic map and to identify a genomic region associated with Cry3Bb1 resistance. Our results indicate that resistance is inherited in a nearly recessive manner and associated with a single autosomal linkage group. Markers tightly linked with resistance were validated using WCR populations collected from Cry3Bb1 maize fields

Topic: Heavy Metals in Plants
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD SX8O #60090.1

Soft X-ray detector array system measures the radial soft X-ray emission profile from LHD for equilibrium and stability analysis by using multi-channel scintillator. Soft X-ray is converted to visible light and detected by PMT. Frequency up to 200kHz can be covered.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inflammation-related differences in mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal barrier function in colonic Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD), characterized by discontinuous intestinal injury and inflammation, has been associated with changes in luminal microbial composition and impaired barrier function. The relationships between visual features of intestinal injury, permeability, and the mucosa-associated microbiota are unclear. Individuals undergoing routine colonoscopy (controls) and patients with CD were evaluated by clinical parameters and confocal laser scanning endomicroscopic colonoscopy (CLE). Patients with CD were categorized as either CD with no injury (CD-NI) or CD with injury (CD-I). Colonic biopsies were taken from adjacent matched sites in all individuals, and CLE images from these sites were analyzed for vascular permeability. Microbial composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3 region, and the mycome was identified through internal transcribed spacer 2 sequencing. Subgroup analyses were performed for histology, paracellular permeability (Ussing chamber), and encroachment of bacteria (fluorescent in situ hybridization). CD-I patients showed an altered microbial community compared with both controls and CD-NI patients, with enrichment in Escherichia and a decrease in Firmicutes, including Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia. In CD-I patients, bacterial encroachment to host epithelial cells was greater in sites of injury than in matched biopsy sites. Biopsies from sites of injury also demonstrated greater vascular and paracellular permeability. Overall, CD-I patients showed an altered mucosal microbial community compared with CD-NI patients and controls. Matched biopsy samples in CD-I patients revealed that sites of injury, identified endoscopically, are characterized by increased encroachment of bacteria to host epithelial cells, associated with increased paracellular and vascular permeability, which may drive inflammation in CD. NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) with areas of colonic injury have an altered microbial community compared with patients who have no endoscopic evidence of injury or active disease. Although matched biopsies from patients with colonic injury show no differences in the mucosa-associated microbiota, injured sites are associated with increased permeability and increased encroachment. Our results support the notion that dysbiotic communities within patients with colonic injury cause or permit disruption of the mucosal and endothelial layers in CD.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Essential Design Principles for a Family Digital Mental Health Intervention: A Delphi Study

ABSTRACT Systemic family therapy aims to improve mental health and well‐being in the face of challenge by optimizing relational health between family members or people in close relationships. The potential of digital interventions for family mental health is underexplored. This study aimed to understand core principles that facilitate end‐user acceptability and engagement with such a resource. A modified Delphi study was conducted to identify key factors, barriers, and risks influencing family engagement with a digital mental health intervention (DMHI). The 18 participants comprised consumers ( n = 5), family therapists ( n = 8), and digital mental health professionals ( n = 5). Participants completed online questionnaires over two rounds. An agreement was reached on 23 essential factors, within four design principles: informed choice, anonymity and privacy, accessibility, and support and connection. Implications for the design of family DMHIs are considered alongside existing knowledge about individually focused DMHIs.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Air Bearing Stage Using Flexure for Yaw Motion Compensation

This paper presents an air bearing stage that uses flexure for yaw motion compensation. The proposed stage realizes motion in three degrees of freedom (DOF), which are the X, Y, and Θz directions. To work with Θz as the rotational motion of the stage, we applied a flexure consisting of four bar linkages. The stage from a previous study in which flexure is applied to compensate for yaw motion error has the limitation of increasing the structural stiffness of the stage due to the rotational stiffness. In this study, we propose a combination of a new stage structure and flexure to ensure the high structural stiffness of the stage and the very low rotational stiffness of the flexure at the same time. Modeling and design optimization were performed to apply adequate flexure to the proposed stage. Experiments were carried out to verify yaw motion error compensation and the performance of the stage. The proposed stage has a maximum yaw motion error of 0.86 arcsec during the scanning motion and 48 ms settling time, while the stepping motion is improved by 34.2% compared to the previous study.

Topic: Iterative Learning Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Literature Review: Effects of Turmeric for Reducing Lipid Profiles

This literature review is a collection of several journals which aims to determine the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on reducing lipid profiles, with emphasis on cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Turmeric is a daily food ingredient that is easy to find and has many good effects on the body, one of which is anti-inflammatory and anti-hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where the total cholesterol level in the body exceeds normal and can increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Curcumin is one of the active compounds in turmeric which has the function of reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides which cause atherosclerosis and curcumin also increases the production of HDL cholesterol which helps protect against excess cholesterol accumulation which can cause heart and blood vessel disease. Based on several literature reviews, it is reported that the effectiveness of reducing cholesterol levels starts from a dose of 1000 mg - 1500 mg/day. The main aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness and safety of using turmeric as a supplement in reducing lipid profile levels in humans. Through this research, it is hoped that it can provide information regarding the effectiveness of turmeric as an effective additional therapy in managing lipid profiles.

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences