jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Classification of Alzheimer's Disease with and without Imagery Using Gradient Boosted Machines and ResNet-50

Alzheimer's is a disease for which there is no cure. Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) early facilitates family planning and cost control. The purpose of this study is to predict the presence of AD using socio-demographic, clinical, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Early detection of AD enables family planning and may reduce costs by delaying long-term care. Accurate, non-imagery methods also reduce patient costs. The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS-1) cross-sectional MRI data were analyzed. A gradient boosted machine (GBM) predicted the presence of AD as a function of gender, age, education, socioeconomic status (SES), and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). A Residual Network with 50 layers (ResNet-50) predicted CDR presence and severity from MRI's (multi-class classification). The GBM achieved a mean 91.3% prediction accuracy (10-fold stratified cross validation) for dichotomous CDR using socio-demographic and MMSE variables. MMSE was the most important feature. ResNet-50 using image generation techniques based on an 80% training set resulted in 98.99% three class prediction accuracy on 4,139 images (20% validation set) at Epoch 133 and nearly perfect multi-class predication accuracy on the training set (99.34%). Machine Learning methods classify AD with high accuracy. GBM models may help provide initial detection based on non-imagery analysis, while ResNet-50 network models might help identify AD patients automatically prior to provider review.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tristetraprolin inhibits mitochondrial function through suppression of α-Synuclein expression in cancer cells

Mitochondrial dynamics play critical roles in maintaining mitochondrial functions. Here, we report a novel mechanism for regulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by tristetraprolin (TTP), an AU-rich element (ARE)-binding protein. Overexpression of TTP resulted in elongated mitochondria, down-regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reduced membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and increased apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. TTP overexpression inhibited the expression of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). TTP bound to the ARE within the mRNA 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of α-Syn and enhanced the decay of α-Syn mRNA. Overexpression of α-Syn without the 3'-UTR restored TTP-induced defects in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, membrane potential, and apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TTP acts as a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics through enhancing degradation of α-Syn mRNA in cancer cells. This finding will increase understanding of the molecular basis of mitochondrial dynamics.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on the Antidotal Action of Drugs

In our previous report [1], we established the fact that a conjoint administration.of vitamin C and glucose-cysteine is quite potent as an antidotal agent against acetaldehyde and nicotine.In the present paper, we are concerned with carbon tetrachloridum and chloro-form using the same antidotal agent. Since the former is known as a unique substance associated with the liver disturbance and the latter with various forms of the cardiac complaints, our understanding relative to the antidotal action of vitamin C on these drugs would also contribute to better elucidation of the pharmacological mechanisms of the liver and heart.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinicians’ Expectations and Early Experiences of a New Comprehensive Rehabilitation Case Management Model in a Specialist Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit

This article presents early findings from the implementation and ongoing evaluation of a new model of care that employs a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation case management for clients with traumatic brain injury, with the aim of improving transition from inpatient rehabilitation to community settings. The evaluation explores the design, implementation, utility and acceptability of the new model using clinicians’ perceptions and experiences. Method: The evaluation framework employs a participatory evaluation approach, drawing on semistructured interview data. Interviews were conducted with brain injury unit clinicians, rehabilitation case managers and external stakeholders at the model's implementation and four months later, as part of a 12-month evaluation period. The data were descriptively organised, then coded and subjected to interpretative analysis to identify key issues. Results: Early findings suggest that the new model provides increased consistency for staff, clients and carers; promotes efficiency in discharge planning and facilitates a more streamlined and seamless transition between inpatient rehabilitation and community services. Data gathered across the remainder of the implementation trial will extend understanding of this comprehensive rehabilitation case management model and its potential utility in other services and settings.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Technology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Including General Audiences in a Virtual Scientific Dementia Conference: Will They Get Anything From It?

Background: Study participants, patients, and care partners are key stakeholders in research and have asked for greater inclusion in the dissemination of scientific learning. However, the participation of general audiences in scientific conferences dedicated to Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (AD/ADRD) is not widely supported or studied. Objective: Our objectives were to evaluate the interest, level of engagement, and impact of including general audiences in a virtual dementia conference. Methods: A diverse group of lay participants, identified via community-based health advocacy groups and research centers, were invited to attend the 2021 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC), with optional small-group discussions. Participants received complimentary access to all scientific sessions and were supported via navigation tips, recommended sessions, and a glossary of frequently used terms and acronyms. Results: Lay participants demonstrated a high level of engagement, even among those that were research-naïve, attending virtual sessions for an average of 11.7 hours across the five days and recommending a variety of sessions to each other on topics extending from prevention of dementia to new therapies and care. Most participants said they would attend the conference again and rated the quality of interaction as high, while requesting more opportunities to engage directly with researchers. Conclusion: General audiences, in particular research participants, are advocating for greater participation in scientific conferences. This program can serve as a model to accomplish inclusion; thereby acknowledging their invaluable contribution to science.

Topic: Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
ELT Curriculum and Policy: A Systematic Review of the Recent Research Literature

This study was conducted to systematically review the English Language Teaching (ELT) curriculum and policy studies. A systematic literature review was utilized to describe the features, trends, and patterns of ELT curriculum and policy studies through the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventy-three empirical articles published between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed based on geographical region, research methodology, participants, and research focus. Results revealed that most of the reviewed studies (58.90%, n=43) were conducted between 2016 and 2020, whereas about 41.1 % (n=30) of the reviewed studies were carried out between 2010 and 2015. Moreover, about 68.49% of the reviewed studies employed a qualitative research design, followed by a mixed-method (about 24.65%), whereas only about 6.86% used a quantitative research methodology. Results showed that most of the studies targeted ELT policy and curriculum in Asia (54.79%), followed by Europe (20.55%), America (13.70%), and Africa (6.84 %). Furthermore, 4.10 % of the studies examined ELT curriculum and policy globally. Thirty-four ELT policy and curriculum studies focused on teachers, three articles focused on learners, and only two papers targeted other participants. Findings showed that it would be difficult to discern a strong pattern in the ELT curriculum and policy studies since they targeted various issues. The majority of the reports were small-scale qualitative studies conducted in Asian countries; therefore, to address the issue of generalizability in ELT, more extensive quantitative studies in different geographical areas are needed.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part I. Thin Film Ferrocyanide Surfaces for the Study of the Hydrolysis of Rutherfordium

Article Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part I. Thin Film Ferrocyanide Surfaces for the Study of the Hydrolysis of Rutherfordium was published on December 1, 1996 in the journal Radiochimica Acta (volume 75, issue 3).

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influencer Marketing: Consumer Responses to Instagram Influencers

Influencer marketing is the promotion of services and products through individuals with a large social media following. The research contained within this thesis will discuss the topic of influencer marketing and the responses of the consumers targeted. This study observed the different types of responses and comments that followers of Instagram influencers left on their posted content.\nThe themes and characteristics of responses of Instagram influencer followers will be found through a qualitative content analysis. The study is supported by self-presentation theory, which suggests that individuals, in this case social media influencers, present themselves in a way that results in others’ perception of them.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EVALUATION OF MASS TRANSIT FREQUENCIES AND PRICING POLICIES IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

本研究では, 都市交通体系を鉄道, バス, 乗用車ネットワークで構成される多手段・多経路ネットワークと考え, その上の交通現象を変動需要型交通均衡モデルとして表している. この交通体系において, 公共輸送機関の料金システムや輸送網整備計画が利用者行動に与える影響を分析し, 公共交通計画の評価主体ごとの評価について検討した後, 名古屋市における料金システムや輸送網整備のあり方について検討している.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Practice of ideological and political education in the course of “R language foundation”

Comprehensively promoting the ideological and political construction of curriculum is an important strategic measure to implement moral education. This paper analyzes the objectives, contents, ideas, implementation and case teaching of Ideological and political education, and explores how to integrate ideological and political education into the course teaching. In the teaching practice of this course, rstuio development platform and mobile course learning platform are adopted. Ideological and political elements are also integrated into the course teaching. It can not only improve the professional and technical level of students, but also effectively improve the comprehensive quality of students, enhance professional quality, help students establish a correct outlook on life, cultivate patriotic feelings.

Topic: Ideological and Political Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preparation of 3-Methylthiodecanal, a Flavour Compound

1-Undecen-4-ol was converted into its benzyl ether in 92% yield by reaction with benzyl chloride in the presence of NaH and was then oxidised with a ruthenium catalysis to give the corresponding aldehyde, which was treated directly with ethylene glycol in the presence of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate to produce 2-(2′-benzyloxynonyl)-1,3-dioxolane in an overall yield of 87%. This intermediate underwent deprotection of the benzyloxy group and mesylation to give 2-(2′-mesyloxynonyl)-1,3-dioxolane in 90% yield, treatment of which with sodium methyl mercaptide followed by cleavage of the 1,3-dioxolane group afforded 3-methylthiodecanal in 81% yield.

Topic: Biochemical and biochemical processes
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intervention; Language Developplent; Mental

This study showed the effectiveness of two parent education programs designed to increase young children&amp;apos;s sustained attention to verbal stimuli. Forty 18- to 24-month-old children and their mothers served as subjects under three different conditions: Full Treatment Program of home training, home visits, group meetings for mothers, and curriculum materials; Partial Treatment Program of home training and visits and no educational materials or group meetings; and No Treatment. The mothers in the Full and Partial Treatment Groups modelled new and expanded action and verbal patterns during daily, familiar activities in the home during a 3-month period. Measurements of sustained attention included a mental development scale, a rating of language development, and a Sustained Attention to Verbal Stimuli Scale developed for the study. Results showed that the Full Treatment Program was significantly more effective for increasing young children&amp;apos;s sustained attention to verbal stimuli than the Partial Treatment Program and the No Treatment. Theoretical and practical aspects of these results are discussed. (Author/CS)

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Psychopathological characterization of nomophobia in a sample of patients with severe mental illness

Introduction Nomophobia, a neologism derived from the combination of “no mobile,” “phone” and “phobia,” represents one of the syndromes of today’s digital and virtual society. By this term, we refer to the discomfort, anxiety, nervousness, and distress generated by the individual’s loss of connection to his or her cell phone or other technological medium that allows connection to the Internet. No study has attempted to evaluate the impact of disconnection syndrome on a clinical sample of patients with Severe Mental Illness (SMI). Objectives Our study has the objective of characterizing subject affected by SMI with nomophobia. Methods Our study is conducted on inpatients (&gt;16 years) referred to our Psychiatric ward in Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy). The following rating scales were administered to these subjects: Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), Multidimendional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Temperament Evaluation in Memphis, Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS-M), Coping Orientation to the Problems Experiences-new Italian version (COPE-NVI). Results Most of the subjects included in the study tested positive for nomophobia (99%; n=97). The mean score scored on the NMPQ is 69.2±27.9, while the mean score obtained at SAS-SV is 25.1±12.7. Gender has no influence on the scores obtained at the NMPQ (p=0.823), as well as the type of SMI (p=0.376). Those not in a relationship scored a higher mean score than who has a relationship (p=0.02). Patients who suffer from insomnia scored higher mean score on the NMPQ (p=0.21). A linear univariate regression between SAS-SV and NMPQ was observed (R 2 =0.575, F=129.731, p&lt;0.001). A multivariate linear regression was observed between the NMPQ (R=0.556, R2=0.2830, F=12.057, p&lt;0.001) and the IUS (B=1.343, p&lt;0.001), the irritable temperament subscale of the TEMPS (B=1.293, p=0.003) and the inattention subscale of the MSBS (B=-1.029, p=0.033). In the men-only sample, a multivariate linear regression was observed between the NMPQ (R 2 =0.437, F=9.847, p&lt;0.001) and the IUS (B=1.361, p&lt;0.001), the anxious temperament subscale of the TEMPS (B=1.687, p=0.005) and the inattention subscale of the MSBS (B=-1.465, p=0.002). Conclusions Patients with higher intolerance to uncertainty, irritable temperament and lower inattention have higher risk to develop nomophobia. In men with SMI, nomophobia is associated with higher intolerance to uncertainty, anxious temperament, and lower inattention. Further study have to be conducted to expand data and results. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Topic: Mind wandering and attention
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD nb2pwr_PortThrough #180390.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 2 (BL2). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL2.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type with marked anhidrosis].

Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), is a gelsolin-related systemic amyloidosis that has an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern and is clinically characterized by progressive cranial neuropathy, corneal lattice dystrophy and skin changes such as cutis laxa, blepharochalasis, and lichen amyloidosis. A 70-year-old Japanese male proband, who was believed to be originally from Fukuoka Prefecture, showed signs and symptoms characteristic of FAF. In addition, he complained of progressive anhidrosis and heat intolerance during the daytime in summer. On examination, perspiration was absent on the almost entire body surface. Molecular genetic studies showed a G-to-A transversion that resulted in the substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid 187 in the gelsolin gene, a mutation found in most patients with FAF. Skin biopsy revealed marked deposition of amyloid, which was positive with anti-gelsolin antibody staining, around eccrine sweat glands and ducts, and around sebaceous glands, outside the basal lamina; slight to mild deposition around small vessels and small nerve fascicles; and very slight deposition in the perineurium and endoneurium. Morphometric evaluation of the nerve terminals and axons of eccrine sweat glands revealed a significant decrease in the number of nerve terminals per transverse profile of the sweat gland. Compared with controls, nerve terminals were further from the secretory epithelial cell owing to deposition of amyloid outside its basal lamina. The proband's sister had almost identical, although much less severe, clinical signs and symptoms with the same mutation of the gelsolin gene. Autonomic signs and symptoms in FAF are reported to be less frequent and less severe than those in familial amyloid polyneuropathy of Andrade type. Findings in our proband suggest that perspiration may be markedly decreased in FAF owing to marked deposition of amyloid around the eccrine sweat gland which causes degeneration of the nerve terminals and disturbs access of the neurotransmitter to the secretory epithelial cell.

Topic: Dermatological and Skeletal Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Emperors, admirals and giants, zebras, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns

<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold>Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera.</ns4:p><ns4:p><ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold>Heparin injections were made in prepupae and pupae of<ns4:italic>Junonia coenia</ns4:italic>(common buckeyes),<ns4:italic>Agraulis vanillae</ns4:italic>(gulf fritillaries),<ns4:italic>Heliconius charithonia</ns4:italic>(zebra longwings),<ns4:italic>Asterocampa clyton</ns4:italic>(tawny emperors)<ns4:italic>, Danaus plexippus</ns4:italic>(monarchs),<ns4:italic>Vanessa atalanta</ns4:italic>(red admirals);<ns4:italic>Heraclides cresphontes</ns4:italic>(giant swallowtails),<ns4:italic>Pterourus troilus</ns4:italic>(spicebush swallowtails),<ns4:italic>Protographium marcellus</ns4:italic>(zebra swallowtails),<ns4:italic>Battus polydamas</ns4:italic>(polydamas swallowtails);<ns4:italic>Hypercompe scribonia</ns4:italic>(giant leopard moths),<ns4:italic>Estigmene acrea</ns4:italic>(acrea moths),<ns4:italic>Hyphantria cunea</ns4:italic>(fall webworm moths)<ns4:italic>, Utetheisa ornatrix</ns4:italic>(ornate bella moths);<ns4:italic>Glyphodes sibillalis</ns4:italic>(mulberry leaftier).</ns4:p><ns4:p><ns4:bold>Results:</ns4:bold>Heparin sometimes altered the entire pattern in a dramatic way, sometimes caused changes locally.<ns4:bold/>In buckeyes, the previous heparin study conducted on pupae was compared to injections made at a prepupal stage. In gulf fritillaries, zebra longwings and tawny emperors, the dramatic changes occurred throughout their wings, while in monarchs, changes were restricted to wing margins. Changes achieved in red admirals, show that heparin action is unrelated to the original color. In swallowtails, transformations were restricted to border system, indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns. In mulberry leaftier, changes were restricted to the marginal bands. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings led to merging of spots; in the ornate bella moth, it was accompanied by an expansion of the surrounding white bands, and results were compared to the effects of colder temperatures.</ns4:p><ns4:p><ns4:bold>Conclusions:</ns4:bold>Using pharmaceutical intervention demonstrates that there are many similarities and some very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different Lepidoptera lineages. By creating a range of variation one can demonstrate how one pattern can easily evolve into another, aiding in understanding of speciation and adaptation processes.</ns4:p>

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of moderate exercise on glucose homeostasis and serum testosterone in young men with low HDL-cholesterol level.

Fifty-five healthy sedentary non smoking and non obese 24-26-year-old men with a low serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol were selected for a study of the effect of nine weeks of exercise on glucose homeostasis, and blood testosterone. The participants were randomized into two groups. Twenty-eight subjects were assigned to a nine-week program of submaximal aerobic exercise three times weekly, while 27 were assigned to a non exercising control group. The improvement in physical fitness was assessed by change in estimated oxygen consumption (EVO2 max) that was increased by 15% in the exercise group (p less than 0.001), but remained unchanged in the control group. During the study the body weight of both groups remained essentially unchanged. There was a significant reduction of mean plasma fructosamine in the exercise group, and non significant reduction in serum insulin. Serum testosterone, glycohemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol were not influenced by exercise, while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences