jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the influence of aneurysm dimensions on hemodynamic patterns and wall deformation dynamics for predicting rupture risk

Cerebral aneurysms are among the most dangerous cardiovascular diseases which display no symptoms prior to reaching critical conditions. As cerebral aneurysms are deadly diseases with a very small treatment window after reaching the critical stage, numerical investigations of this phenomenon are commonly used to assess the risk of rupture. In this study, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is used to analyze the effects of aneurysm size on hemodynamic factors predicting rupture in three aneurysms of different geometries, at the same location, and using the same boundary conditions. In the present study, the aneurysms experience TAWSS at values under 2 Pa in incremented areas as the aneurysmal sizes increase, this is while the relatively larger distribution of high TAWSS (as high as 20 Pa) regions are perceived in smaller aneurysms. Furthermore, the maximum OSI stands at below 0.05 in the smaller cases while the larger case experiences a maximum OSI as high as 0.2, which is considered a predictive parameter for rupture. The vortex core lines experience discontinuities with increased aneurysmal size, which is in agreement with the development of flow complexities with size. The hemodynamics factors such as the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and vortex core line investigated in this study, suggest that greater size can be considered a major risk factor for rupture. In addition to that, we have found that the displacement trend of the aneurysm changes as size increases; developing more in the dome rather than the aneurysmal sac. This change in trend might also present a potential to be used as a predictive parameter.

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mapping Isca: geophysical investigation of Priory Field, Caerleon

Report on geophysical and topographic surveys undertaken in 2006 of Priory Field, in the southwestern corner of the legionary fortress of Isca (modern Caerleon), in an area not previously subject to archaeological excavations or to significant development. The main objectives were to locate and identify the remains of buildings, and to investigate how this part of Caerleon had been used in the centuries since the Roman period. The results of the surveys indicate a clear plan of the arrangement of buildings in the southwestern part of the fortress, including eight centurial barrack blocks and three storage buildings, probably granaries. Part of a substantial courtyard building fronted by a large open space was also identified.

Topic: Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Increase use of contact lenses for optical correction

Introduction: Contact lenses (CL) are considered as a widely accepted modality of refractive correction in the last few decades, though their history is nearly about 100 years old. Millions of people are wearing contact lenses all over the world. Every year the number of CL wearers has increased significantly. No definite statistics are available regarding the number of people wearing contact lenses in Nepal. Contact lenses are not used only for refractive correction but also for therapeutic and cosmetic use.1 Methodology: The main purpose of the study was to find the popularity of contact lenses irrespective to other optical correction. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted evaluating the medical records of 848 CL patients attended in CL clinic at B. P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies. Results: In this study, the number of CL wearers was found to increase significantly every year. The number of contact lens wearers in the year 2002-2003 was 158 where as in the later years the number reached up to 326 and 364 respectively. Similarly, the numbers of RGP wearers and bandage CL wearers also increased significantly in comparison to previous years. Almost 90 percent wearers were using soft contact lens. It was found to be more popular among the age group of 21yrs to 30 yrs. The number of female wearers was predominant than the male wearers. The contact lens wear ocular complications were found to be very rare. Conclusion: In Nepal, contact lenses are being considered as suitable alternatives for optical correction due to better cosmesis than the conventional mode of optical correction. Journal of Institute of Medicine Vol.28(1) 2006

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from Comfort-G and the changes in arachidonic acid metabolism

SUMMARY Objective: Flavonoids from preparation Comfort-G have, beside of antioxidant effects, the anti-inflammatory effect, too. Comfort-G inhibits both COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1)/COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) enzymatic activity thereby decreasing the transformation of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Our goal was to confirm this finding by the analysis of the content of AA in synovial fluid and serum of patients suffering by synovialitis of knee joint. Design: Interventional study. Settings: IV Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Material and Methods: Comfort-G was given to the group of ten patients (4M/6F) aged 27–79 years in prescribed dose (equal to 250 mg of flavonoid extract twice a day) for one month. Synovial fluid and serum were drawn before first application of the preparation (day 0) and one day after the last application (day 31). Free radicals (FR) were determined by direct spectrophotometric method based on chlorophyllin reaction with FR; composition of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, was measured by gas chromatography. The probands were also asked to respond to a questionnaire (subjective evaluation) and they were also examined by the physician. Following changes of knee joint were evaluated: swelling and degree of motion-angle. Statistical analysis was performed with the help of software STATISTICA for Windows, version 4.0. Results: The results showing the statistically significant decrease of free radical concentration in both synovial fluid and serum were presented and discussed in previously presented paper as well as the observed amelioration of patient stage. After the trial period, we found increased content of AA in both synovial fluid (4.54 ± 0.39 vs. 6.73 ± 0.82 mol%, p = 0.005) and serum (4.78 ± 0.90 vs. 6.57 ± 0.98 mol%, p = 0.01) in the same group of patients. Conclusion: Our results confirm that flavonoids from Comfort-G are able to decrease the amount of FR and increase the concentration of AA especially in synovial fluid, but also in serum of patients. This finding corresponds with the suggestion that the enzymatic transformations of AA resulting in production of pro-inflammatory compounds are blocked. The next consequences concerning other parts of organism and impact of our results in case of other diseases are discussed.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support for Neonatal Respiratory Failure: Indications and Impact on Mortality

Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for neonatal respiratory failure is associated with increased mortality compared with venovenous (VV) ECLS. It is unclear whether this is a causal relationship or reflects differences in baseline disease severity between infants managed with these two strategies. Our objective was to identify clinical variables associated with the preferential selection of VA over VV ECLS, as these may confound the association between VA ECLS and increased mortality. We identified documented indications for preferential VA selection through chart review. We then assessed how the presence of common indications impacted mortality. Thirty-nine cases met eligibility. Severity of hypotension/degree of inotropic support and ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram before cannulation were the most common specific indications for preferential VA ECLS. Mortality was 12.5% when neither high inotropic support nor ventricular dysfunction was present. Mortality rose to 20% with high inotropic support and 25% with ventricular dysfunction present alone and to 50% when both were present. We conclude that severe hypotension and ventricular dysfunction before ECLS cannulation are common indications for VA ECLS that likely influence survival. Research assessing the impact of ECLS cannulation mode on survival should adjust for baseline differences between groups for these important variables.

Topic: Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some Free Boundary Problem for Two-Phase Inhomogeneous Incompressible Flows

In this paper, we establish some local and global solutions for the two-phase incompressible inhomogeneous flows with moving interfaces in the maximal $L_p-L_q$ regularity class. Compared with previous results obtained by Solonnikov [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat., 51 (1987), pp. 1065--1087, 1118 (in Russian); translation in Math. USSR-Isz., 31 (1988), pp. 381--405] and by Shibata and Shimizu [Differential Integral Equations, 20 (2007), pp. 241--276], we find the local solutions in the $L_p-L_q$ class in some general uniform $W^{2-1\slash r}_r$ domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$ by assuming $(p, q)\in ]2,\infty[\times ]N,\infty[$ or $(p, q)\in ]1,2[ \times ]N,\infty[$ satisfying $1 \slash p + N \slash q>3\slash 2.$ In particular, the initial data with less regularity are allowed by assuming $p<2.$ In addition, if the density and the viscosity coefficient are piecewise constant, we can construct the long time solution from the small initial states in the case of the bounded droplet. This is due to some decay property for the corresponding linearized problem.

Topic: Navier-Stokes equation solutions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of a Comprehensive Delivery Room Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) Compared to the Apgar Score

This study evaluated the interrater reliability and perceived importance of components of a developed neonatal adaption score, Neonatal Resuscitation Adaptation Score (NRAS), for evaluation of resuscitation need in the delivery room for extremely premature to term infants. Similar to the Apgar, the NRAS highest score was 10, but greater weight was given to respiratory and cardiovascular parameters. Evaluation of provider (N = 17) perception and scoring pattern was recorded for 5 clinical scenarios of gestational ages 23 to 40 weeks at 1 and 5 minutes and documenting NRAS and Apgar score. Providers assessed the tool twice within a 1-month interval. NRAS showed superior interrater reliability ( P &lt; .001) and respiratory component reliability ( P &lt; .001) for all gestational ages compared to the Apgar score. These findings identify an objective tool in resuscitation assessment of infants, especially those of smaller gestation age, allowing for greater discrimination of postbirth transition in the delivery room.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trends in the use of cigarettes, cigars, and marijuana among students with and without asthma, 2003–2017

<i>Aim:</i> Asthma has symptoms that can be exacerbated by using combustible products such as tobacco and marijuana. This study assessed the prevalence and trends in current use of cigarettes, cigars, and marijuana among U.S. high school students with and without asthma. <i>Methods:</i> The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is a biennial, school-based, nationally representative survey of U.S. students in grades 9-12. Trends during 2003-2017 in current (past 30-day) use of cigarettes, cigars, and marijuana among students with and without asthma were examined using logistic regression. Asthma was defined as reporting that a doctor or nurse ever told the student they had asthma. T-tests were used to compare cigarette, cigar, and marijuana use by asthma status and year, frequency of use, and student characteristics. <i>Results:</i> During 2003-2017, both current cigarette and cigar smoking decreased (p < 0.05) with rates that were similar among students with and without asthma. There was no significant linear change in current marijuana use, irrespective of asthma status. During most years, cigarette, cigar, and marijuana use were more common among students with asthma than without. In 2017, the most frequent use of cigarettes, cigars, and marijuana was among those with asthma than without. Differences in cigarette, cigar, and marijuana use by asthma status were apparent by demographic subgroups. <i>Conclusions:</i> Given the adverse respiratory effects of tobacco and marijuana smoking, efforts to educate all youth about the dangers of using these substances is critical, particularly among those with asthma.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency heterozygosity as a risk factor in the etiology of emphysema. Physiological comparison of adult normal and heterozygous protease inhibitor phenotype subjects from a random population.

For plethysmographic studies of lung mechanics and measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity, 62 subjects were drawn from a randomly selected population sample. Data obtained from the 24 subjects of heterozygous phenotype for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ) were compared by age group with data from 38 normal (PiM) subjects matched for sex, age, and smoking history. Comparison of mean values by age group for lung volumes, diffusing capacity, lung elastic recoil, maximum expiratory flow, and the occurrence of frequency dependence of dynamic compliance revealed no differences between phenotype groups. There was no evidence of an accelerated effect of aging among PiMZ subjects when compared with normal counterparts nor was there evidence of an increased effect of smoking. From these data it appears that the PiMZ phenotype per se is not a risk factor in the development of emphysema.

Topic: Diverse scientific research topics
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Brachiaria decumbens intraspecific hybrids: characterization and selection for seed production

Abstract: Brachiaria decumbens has great importance in the national beef cattle scenario due to its high forage yield potential and high adaptability to acid soils and low fertility. In order to obtain new cultivars, intraspecific hybrids, previously selected by the Brachiaria breeding program, were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 for phenological characteristics and seed production potential through their production components, aiming to obtain cultivars with satisfactory production agronomic characteristics and forage yield, resistant to 'cigarrinhas-das-pastagens'(Tomaspia sp.) and good seed production. Estimates of phenotypic correlation and analysis of variance were performed using the SAS 9.3 software. From the results obtained in both consecutive years, it was observed that there was a correlation between the reproductive tiller number (RT) and the pure seeds (PS) weight in the seedbeds of the second year of production around 70% (p &lt; 0.01), which can be considered as a parameter to estimate the production of pure seeds before the start of flowering.

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mapping diversity of species in global aquaculture

Abstract Aquaculture is the world's most diverse farming practice in terms of number of species, farming methods and environments used. While various organizations and institutions have promoted species diversification, overall species diversity within the aquaculture industry is likely not promoted nor sufficiently well quantified. Using the most extensive dataset available (FAO‐statistics) and an approach based on the Shannon Diversity index, this paper provides a method for quantifying and mapping global aquaculture species diversity. Although preliminary analyses showed that a large part of the species forming production is still qualified as undetermined species (i.e. ‘not elsewhere included’); results indicate that usually high species diversity for a country is associated with a higher production but there are considerable differences between countries. Nine of the top 10 countries ranked highest by Shannon Diversity index in 2017 are from Asia with China producing the most diverse collection of species. Since species diversity is not the only level of diversity in production, other types of diversity are also briefly discussed. Diversifying aquatic farmed species can be of importance for long‐term performance and viability of the sector with respect to sustaining food production under (sometimes abrupt) changing conditions. This can be true both at the global and regional level. In contrast, selection and focus on only a limited number of species can lead to rapid improvements in terms of production (towards sustainability or not) and profitability. Therefore, benefits and shortcomings of diversity are discussed from both economical and social‐ecological perspectives that concurrently are shaping the expanding aquaculture industry.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Integrating family planning with development programmes.

20 experts at an ESCAP meeting discussed linking family planning programs to such development programs as rural health projects or maternal and child health projects. Linkages must occur to integrate specialized programs and between programs on central and local levels. The human needs in various areas determine the linkages that can be formed. Linkages which already exist can serve as models for future linkages. Barriers of authority in the bureaucracy must be broken down. Personnel to administer these linkages must be trained, and money to fund the linkages must be obtained. Studies should be done which evaluate such integration projects, how each of the component programs is affected, and how the processes in forming the linkages differ.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Why are some galaxy discs extremely thin?

Some low surface brightness galaxies are known to have extremely thin stellar disks with the vertical to planar axes ratio 0.1 or less, often referred to as superthin disks. Although their existence is known for over three decades, the physical origin for the thin distribution is not understood. We model the stellar thickness for a two-component (gravitationally coupled stars and gas) disk embedded in a dark matter halo, for a superthin galaxy UGC 7321 which has a dense, compact halo, and compare with a typical dwarf galaxy HoII which has a non-compact halo. We show that while the presence of gas does constrain the disk thickness, it is the compact dark matter halo which plays the decisive role in determining the superthin disk distribution in low-mass disks. Thus the compact dark matter halo significantly affects the disk structure and this could be important for the early evolution of galaxies.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of Ayurveda treatment protocol in the management of Yuvanpidika w.s.r. to Acne Conglobata – A Single Case Study

Acne Conglobata refers to the severe form of acne characterized by large polyporous comedon, severe inflammatory lesions including abscesses and cysts, marked scarring and sinus formation. The etiology of acne involves the interplay of multiple factors, including hormonally-induced sebum production, and inflammation. The gram-positive microaerophilic/anaerobic rod called Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is a commensal organism of the skin found deep within the sebaceous follicle and mediates a portion of the inflammatory component. In Ayurveda, AC can be correlated with Mukhadushika which was explained under Kshudra Rogas. Due to vitiation of Kapha, Vata and Rakta, small or medium sized eruptions appeared on the face of adolescents. Classical text explains treatment plan for Mukhadushika is of two types Shodhana Chikitsa and Shamana Chikitsa including Vamana, Nasya, Siravedha, Lepa and Pralepa. A 27 year old male patient came with complaints of Pidaka (glandular and papular swelling) all over the face, Todavat Pida (pricking pain) with oiliness of face, Malabadhata (constipation), improper sleep pattern since last 2 months. After detailed examination and history taking Hetu of the disease were evaluated and patient treated with Shodhan and Shaman for 2 months along with Jalukaavcharan 2 times in treatment duration &amp; was also advised to follow Pathya-Apathy. After completion of treatment patient was got relief of all the complaints and get rid of disease.

Topic: Entomological Studies and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
REVIEW OF KIRAN KEDLAYA'S \p-ADIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS"

If p is a prime number, then we have the p-adic norm |·|p on the field Q of rational numbers. The completion of Q for the metric arising from this norm is the field of p-adic numbers Qp. This construction is analogous to the construction of the real numbers R, as the completion of Q for the usual norm. Hence, one can do analysis in Qp as one can in R. In particular, one can talk about derivatives and convergent power series. For example, the fact that the p-adic valuation of n! is asymptotically equal to n/(p− 1) implies that the power series exp(t) = ∑ n≥0 t /n! has a finite p-adic radius of convergence, equal to p−1/(p−1). Just as power series in the usual case work better if one sees them as functions of a complex variable, it is convenient to view p-adic power series as functions on Cp, the p-adic completion of the algebraic closure of Qp. The field Cp is the p-adic analogue of the complex numbers. In the sequel, a p-adic field is any p-adically complete subfield of Cp. A p-adic differential equation is a differential equation, in which the functions involved are p-adic valued functions of a p-adic variable. For example, the equation y′(t) = y(t) admits as a solution y(t) = y(0) · exp(t). The power series defining exp(t) only converges on the disk {z ∈ Cp, |z|p < p−1/(p−1)}, a fact not apparent on the simple equation y′ = y. Hence one of the first concerns of the theory of p-adic differential equations is the determination of the radii of convergence of various power series. One of the earliest mentions of p-adic differential equations in the litterature is Elisabeth Lutz’ theorem of 1937 (theoreme IV of [Lut37]) to the effect that if one considers a system of equations y′ i(t) = Fi(t, y1, . . . , yn), where i = 1, . . . , n and the Fi’s are power series with coefficients in a p-adic field, and nonzero radii of convergence, then this system admits a system of solutions {yi(t)}i=1,...,n where the yi(t) are power series, themselves having nonzero radii of convergence. She

Topic: advanced mathematical theories
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences