jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Job Satisfaction Level of Academicians in Faculty of Education

The object of this study is to examine job satisfaction level of academicians in Faculty of Education of Yıldız Technical University and Marmara University and to find out academicians' perceptions of the additive and detrimental factors leading to an effect in their job satisfaction. Also this study compares academicians' means according to academicians' university department, gender, academic status, experience of being academician, income statue, marital status, their spouses' educational background, their spouses' job and number of children they have. This is a quantitative, qualitative study and survey type model is used. All of the 123 participants are the member of Faculty of Education. The data collection instruments used in the study is "Job Satisfaction Instrument" developed by Kuzgun, Sevim&Hamamcı (2011).

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tuft Cells: A New Player in Hirschsprung's Disease

Abstract Introduction “Tuft” cells, also known as brush or caveolated cells, are characteristically fusiform shaped, with a distinct apical “tuft” of microvilli extending into the lumen. Double cortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a microtubule kinase and is a specific marker of intestinal tuft cells. DCLK1-positive tuft cells have been shown to play a key role in gastrointestinal chemosensation, inflammation, and neurotransmission. DCLK1 and Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzymes responsible for acetylcholine production, are reported to be coexpressed within the gastrointestinal tract. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that DCLK1 gene expression is altered in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Materials and Methods HSCR tissue specimens (n = 6) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery, while control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus (n = 6). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was undertaken to quantify DCLK1 gene expression, and immunolabeling of DCLK1-positive tuft cells was visualized using confocal microscopy. Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of the DCLK1 gene in both aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR specimens compared with controls (p &lt; 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed DCLK1-positive tuft cell expression within the colonic mucosa, with a reduction in expression in both aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR colon compared with controls. Conclusion DCLK1 is significantly downregulated in HSCR colon, suggesting a role for tuft cells in cholinergic neurotransmission of the distal colon. The marked decrease in DCLK1 expression within ganglionic specimens highlights the physiologically abnormal nature of this segment in HSCR patients.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract LB-313: Upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A by 14-3-3ζ leads to increased glycolysis critical for breast cancer initiation and progression

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Elevated glycolysis in cancer cells switches the cellular metabolic flux to produce more biological building blocks, thereby facilitating cellular adaptation to the adverse environment and sustaining rapid proliferation. Recently, new evidence has emerged that abnormal metabolic reprogramming may occur at the early-stages of neoplasia and critically contribute to early transformation and cancer initiation. Previously, we reported that 14-3-3ζ overexpression is an early event in human breast cancer, taking place as early as in the atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) stage. We therefore hypothesized that 14-3-3ζ overexpression in breast epithelial cells may trigger metabolic reprogramming by elevating glycolysis that contributes to cancer initiation. In the present study, our bioinfomatics analysis of microarray profiling data from the early-stages breast neoplastic lesions revealed that 14-3-3ζ expression is strongly correlated with the expression of genes of the canonical glycolytic pathway, particularly lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Experimentally, increasing 14-3-3ζ expression in human non-transformed mammary epithelial cells (hMECs), MCF10A and MCF12A, transcriptionally up-regulated LDHA expression, elevated glycolytic activity, and promoted early transformation of hMECs. Conversely, knockdown of LDHA in the 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing hMECs significantly reduced glycolytic activity and inhibited transformation. Together, our data demonstrate that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in early stage pre-cancerous breast epithelial cells may trigger an elevated glycolysis by activating the MEK-ERK-CREB signaling axis and transcriptionally up-regulating LDHA, thereby critically contributes to human breast cancer initiation. Citation Format: Chia-Chi Chang, Chenyu Zhang, Ozgur Sahin, Qingling Zhang, Hai Wang, Jian Zhang, Sumaiyah Rehman, Ping Li, Dihua Yu. Upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A by 14-3-3ζ leads to increased glycolysis critical for breast cancer initiation and progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-313.

Topic: 14-3-3 protein interactions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impaired alpha rhythm in bad sleeper during nap: A high‐density electroencephalogram study

Summary As the pace of life accelerates, poor sleep quality has become a common health problem. A wealth of sleep studies based on electroencephalogram (EEG) have found that poor sleep quality has decreased alpha rhythm during night‐time sleep. However, whether the EEG rhythm during an afternoon nap has a similar impairment has seldom been investigated. By recruiting 35 subjects for a 90‐min nap, we explored the relationship between sleep quality and the alpha rhythm, and the contribution of naps to subjective sleep experience. We found that the power of alpha rhythm in the occipital lobe negatively correlated with sleep quality. However, there was no correlation between the sleep quality at night and the sleep duration of the nap, nor the sleep quality and the proportion of each sleep period of a nap. Our present results indicated that the quality of night‐time sleep did not affect the macrostructure of the nap. Interestingly, the negative correlation between the alpha rhythm of a nap and sleep quality at night continuously existed in Wake, N1 sleep, and N2 sleep, and had the most substantial value during N2 sleep of a nap. This implies that an impaired occipital lobe alpha rhythm is a robust biomarker for poor sleep. The research is of particular significance for developing electrical neural stimulation therapy to improve sleep quality, especially for the stimuli regions for selection and the time windows for implementation.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
learners can become qualified to be plumbers, electricians, builders and similar occupations. These course have arrangements for students to get practical experience. Apprenticeship was the older way to do this, Non-formal education includes adult basic education, adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In nonformal education someone (who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic skills or job skills. Home education, individualized instruction (such as prog

learners can become qualified to be plumbers, electricians, builders and similar occupations. These course have arrangements for students to get practical experience. Apprenticeship was the older way to do this,\n\nNon-formal education includes adult basic education, adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In nonformal education someone (who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic skills or job skills. Home education, individualized instruction (such as prog

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of Resilience Due to Adoption of Technologies in Frequently Drought-Prone Regions of India

Climate change and variability are increasingly affecting agriculture and livelihoods in developing countries, with India being particularly vulnerable. Drought is one of the major climatic constraints impacting large parts of the world. We examined the effects of drought on crop productivity, evaluated the effectiveness of technologies in mitigating these impacts and quantified the resilience gained due to technology adoption. Resilience score and resilience gain are the two indicators used to quantify resilience. The study utilized data gathered from two villages situated in Karnataka, southern India, which have implemented the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) program, along with data from one control village. Drought has significantly impacted the yields, and the extent of reduction ranged from 23 to 62% compared to the normal year. Adoption of climate-resilient technologies, including improved varieties, water management and livestock practices proved beneficial in increasing yield and income during drought years. The resilience score of various technologies ranged from 71 to 122%, indicating that the technologies had realized an increase in yields in the drought year in comparison to the normal year. The extent of resilience gain ranged from 7 to 68%, indicating that the adoption of technologies contributed to the yield advantage over the farmers’ practice during drought. Water harvesting and critical irrigation have the highest resilience scores and gains, and in situ moisture conservation practices such as trench cum bunding (TCB) have comparable resilience scores and gains. The diversification of enterprises at the farm has a higher resilience score and gain. There is a need to identify climate-resilient technologies that can achieve higher resilience, as the solutions are context-specific. Further, promising technologies need to be scaled by adopting multiple approaches and by creating an enabling environment so as to increase resilience in agricultural systems.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pathogenesis of osteomalacia in chronic renal failure and its relationship to vitamin D.

Considerable confusion arises in defining osteomalacia in the presence of renal disease. There are no radiographic or biochemical features which satisfactorily identify all patients with osteomalacia. Histological definitions need to distinguish increased amounts of osteoid due to defective mineralisation from that due to increased bone turnover, both of which may coexist in chronic renal failure. The pathogenesis of osteomalacia in renal failure is multifactorial and not always due to defective metabolism of vitamin D. Deficient production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may occur because of nutritional privation or urinary losses in the nephrotic syndrome, but these are rare causes of osteomalacia in patients on haemodialysis treatment. It is not clear to what extent defective production of calcitriol, characteristic of end-stage chronic renal failure is causally related to osteomalacia, in part due to uncertainties as to whether vitamin D acts directly on bone to promote mineralisation or whether its effects are mediated indirectly by modulating calcium and phosphate transport at other sites. Following the institution of renal replacement therapy, the incidence of osteomalacia varies markedly between renal units due to the skeletal retention of aluminium caused by the contamination of dialysis fluid or by the chronic ingestion of aluminium-containing phosphate binding agents. This form of osteomalacia is associated with a high risk of fracture, probably more related to depressed bone formation than to the presence of osteomalacia. Rarer causes of osteomalacia include parathyroidectomy and calcium and phosphate deficiency.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
International obligations through collective rights: Moving from foreign health assistance to global health governance.

This article analyzes the growing chasm between international power and state responsibility in health rights, proposing an international legal framework for collective rights - rights that can reform international institutions and empower developing states to realize the determinants of health structured by global forces. With longstanding recognition that many developing state governments cannot realize the health of their peoples without international cooperation, scholars have increasingly sought to codify international obligations under the purview of an evolving human right to health, applying this rights-based approach as a foundational framework for reducing global health inequalities through foreign assistance. Yet the inherent limitations of the individual human rights framework stymie the right to health in impacting the global institutions that are most crucial for realizing underlying determinants of health through the strengthening of primary health care systems. Whereas the right to health has been advanced as an individual right to be realized by a state duty-bearer, the authors find that this limited, atomized right has proven insufficient to create accountability for international obligations in global health policy, enabling the deterioration of primary health care systems that lack the ability to address an expanding set of public health claims. For rights scholars to advance disease protection and health promotion through national primary health care systems - creating the international legal obligations necessary to spur development supportive of the public's health - the authors conclude that scholars must look beyond the individual right to health to create collective international legal obligations commensurate with a public health-centered approach to primary health care. Through the development and implementation of these collective health rights, states can address interconnected determinants of health within and across countries, obligating the international community to scale-up primary health care systems in the developing world and thereby reduce public health inequities through global health governance.

Topic: Human Rights and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantification of excitation energy distribution between photosystems based on a mechanistic model of photosynthetic electron transport

Abstract Absorbed light energy is converted into excitation energy. The excitation energy is distributed to photosystems depending on the wavelength and drives photochemical reactions. A non‐destructive, mechanistic and quantitative method for estimating the fraction of the excitation energy distributed to photosystem II ( f ) was developed. For the f values for two simultaneously provided actinic lights (ALs) with different spectral distributions to be estimated, photochemical yields of the photosystems were measured under the ALs and were then fitted to an electron transport model assuming the balance between the electron transport rates through the photosystems. For the method to be tested using leaves with different properties in terms of the long‐term and short‐term acclimation (adjustment of photosystem stoichiometry and state transition, respectively), the f values for red and far‐red light (R and FR) were estimated in leaves grown (~1 week) under white light without and with supplemental FR and adapted (~10 min) to R without and with supplemental FR. The f values for R were clearly greater than those for FR and those of leaves grown with and adapted to supplemental FR tended to be higher than the controls. These results are consistent with previous studies and therefore support the validity of the proposed method.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Classification of unsequenced Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in a high-burden setting using a pairwise logistic regression approach

Over the past three decades, molecular epidemiological studies have provided new opportunities to investigate the transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In most studies, a sizable fraction of individuals with notified tuberculosis cannot be included, either because they do not have culture-positive disease (and thus do not have specimens available for molecular typing) or because resources for conducting sequencing are limited. A recent study introduced a regression-based approach for inferring the membership of unsequenced tuberculosis cases in transmission clusters based on host demographic and epidemiological data. This method was able to identify the most likely cluster to which an unsequenced strain belonged with an accuracy of 35%, although this was in a low-burden setting where a large fraction of cases occurred among foreign-born migrants. Here, we apply a similar model to M. tuberculosis whole-genome sequencing data from the Republic of Moldova, a setting of relatively high local transmission. Using a maximum cluster span of ~40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a cluster size cutoff of n ≥10, we could best predict the specific cluster to which each clustered case was most likely to be a member with an accuracy of 17.2 %. In sensitivity analyses, we found that a more restrictive (~20 SNPs threshold) or permissive (~80 SNPs) threshold did not improve performance. We found that increasing the minimum cluster size improved prediction accuracy. These findings highlight the challenges of transmission inference in high-burden settings like Moldova.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Young Nietzsche and the Wagnerian Experience

Using previously unpublished and neglected sources, this 1963 study of the critical decade in the philosopher's development that culminated in "The Birth of Tragedy" in 1871 fully exploited for the first time the extensive record of Nietzsche's musical compositions and clarifies his traditionally obscure relations to Wagner.

Topic: Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, and Hegel
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
InstanceCap: Improving Text-to-Video Generation via Instance-aware Structured Caption

Text-to-video generation has evolved rapidly in recent years, delivering remarkable results. Training typically relies on video-caption paired data, which plays a crucial role in enhancing generation performance. However, current video captions often suffer from insufficient details, hallucinations and imprecise motion depiction, affecting the fidelity and consistency of generated videos. In this work, we propose a novel instance-aware structured caption framework, termed InstanceCap, to achieve instance-level and fine-grained video caption for the first time. Based on this scheme, we design an auxiliary models cluster to convert original video into instances to enhance instance fidelity. Video instances are further used to refine dense prompts into structured phrases, achieving concise yet precise descriptions. Furthermore, a 22K InstanceVid dataset is curated for training, and an enhancement pipeline that tailored to InstanceCap structure is proposed for inference. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed InstanceCap significantly outperform previous models, ensuring high fidelity between captions and videos while reducing hallucinations.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A review of the functions of transcription factors and related genes involved in cassava (&lt;i&gt;Manihot Esculenta&lt;/i&gt; Crantz) response to drought stress

Cassava navigates drought stress via diverse mechanisms including avoidance, tolerance, resistance or recovery from effects of drought. The crop's inherent tolerance to drought stress is underpinned by a set of genes involved in several molecular pathways. Among these include transcription factors (TFs) with key roles in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways. ABA is a ubiquitous phytohormone that is critical in plant growth and development processes as well as responses to abiotic stresses such as drought. This review focuses on and summarizes the current developments in the identification, characterization and functions of TFs and related genes (RGEs) implicated in ABA pathways that regulate cassava's response to drought stress. The different drought-induced experiments set up either at the field or controlled environments and omics approaches applied by researchers for gene discovery and characterization are highlighted. The roles of these drought-induced genes in other crops or plants are compared with cassava. The review reveals functions of key candidate TFs and REGs including <italic>AREBs/ABFs, NACs, bHLH, WRKY, MYC/MYB,</italic> <italic>HD-Zip</italic>, <italic>TCP, HSFs, AP2/ERFBPs,</italic> <italic>NFYA5, SLAC1</italic>, <italic>ABI1, SCaBP5</italic>, <italic>PKS3, PYR1, AP2/ERFs</italic>, <italic>DREB1A, DREB2A/B</italic>, <italic>RD29A/B, RD19, ERD1</italic> among others. These genes are potential molecular markers that could aid in rapid introgression of drought tolerance traits not only in farmer-preferred and drought susceptible cassava genotypes, but also in other crops for improved production. Through this omics-based drought-mitigation, the negative effects of climate change could be reduced.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPARISON OF CRIMSON FOUNTAINGRASS AND DISS FIBRES AS AGGREGATES FOR CEMENT MORTARS

The use of natural fibres in cement composites is an expanding research field as their use can improve the mechanical and thermal behavior of cement mortars and reduce their carbon footprint.&#13;\nIn this paper two different wild grasses, i.e. Pennisetum Setaceum, also known as crimson fountaingrass, and Ampelodesmos Mauritanicus, also called diss, are used as source of natural fibres for cement mortars. The principal aim is to evaluate the possibility of using the more invasive crimson fountaingrass in place of diss inside cement based vegetable concrete.&#13;\nThe two plants’ fibres have been characterized by means of electron microscopy, helium picnometry; moreover, the thermal conductivity of fibre panels has been measured. Mortars samples using untreated and boiled fibres have been prepared. The mechanical characterization have been performed by means of three point bending and compression tests. Thermal conductivity and porosity have been measured to characterize physical modification induced by fibres’ treatment. The results showed better thermal and mechanical properties of diss fibres composites than fountaingrass one and that fibres treatment leads to a decrease of thermal insulation properties.

Topic: Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences