jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Time Series Analysis for Traffic Flow Using Dynamic Linear Model

도시 내의 교통흐름을 정확히 분석하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 특히, 교통사고나 보행자, 교차로 등은 도시 내의 교통흐름을 분석하는데 있어서 어려움을 가중시킨다. 현재 소도시(예를 들어 전라남도 순천시)들에도 버스 정보시스템(Bus Information System, BIS)이 보급되어 있고 이를 통하여 도착시간 예측 등과 같은 정보를 제공하고 있다. BIS는 버스의 위치, 구간별 이동시간, 출발-도착 시간등을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 BIS로부터 정류장 간의 평균 이동 시간, 그리고 이동 거리 등을 시간대 별로 추출하여 도시 내의 교통흐름을 시계열 분석하고자 한다. 소도시의 경우 버스 정보는 도시교통 흐름을 설명하는 중요하고 효과적인 자료이다. 앞서 언급한 신호등 지연, 보행자, 교차로 등은 교통흐름을 분석하고 예측하는데 어려움을 더한다. 본 논문에서는 동적 선형 모델(Dyanamic Linear Model, DLM)을 이용하여 중요 구간의 교통흐름을 시계열 분석하고 예측하는 방법을 제시한다. 이때 구간별 통행 속도를 평일과 주말로 나누어 분석한다. DLM을 이용하여 구간별 이동속도의 시계열 분석을 통하여 도시 내의 교통흐름을 파악하여 향후 교통 체증 및 혼잡 구간을 예보하고 버스의 정확한 도착시간을 예측하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다. It is very challenging to analyze the traffic flow in the city because there are lots of traffic accidents, intersections, and pedestrians etc. Now, even in mid-size cities Bus Information Systems(BIS) have been deployed, which have offered the forecast of arriving times at the stations to passengers. BIS also provides more informations such as the current locations, departure-arrival times of buses. In this paper, we perform the time-series analysis of the traffic flow using the data of the average trvel time and the average speed between stations extracted from the BIS. In the mid size cities, the data from BIS will have a important role on prediction and analysis of the traffic flow. We used the Dynamic Linear Model(DLM) for how to make the time series forecasting model to analyze and predict the average speeds at the given locations, which seem to show the representative of traffics in the city. Especially, we analysis travel times for weekdays and weekends separately. We think this study can help forecast the traffic jams, congestion areas and more accurate arrival times of buses.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cost-effective Metro Optical Network Architectures

We investigate cost-effective metro-optical network solutions using different building-blocks: full-fabric OTN switching, paired muxponder add-drop multiplexing (ADM), single muxponder ADM, and pure muxponder (no-ADM), and show that paired muxponder ADM functionality can give optimal results without the additional costs of full-fabric OTN switching.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies of wild chimpanzees by DNA typing in prospect

Analysis of DNA polymorphisms was viewed as a new means of individual discrimination in studies of wild chimpanzees. DNA typing methodology was summarized for field primatologists, who often lack required knowledge of molecular biology, and expected impact of DNA typing on studies of wild chimpanzees was discussed. In particular, behavioral and social aspects were dealt with. A guide to noninvasive collection of samples in the field was appended.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Leadership and conservation effectiveness: finding a better way to lead

Abstract Conservation practitioners and academics have highlighted leadership as an important component for conservation programs, but the attributes of effective leaders are not yet clearly defined. We identify a leadership approach that enables a conservation organization to be more effective in achieving positive results. An analysis of successful and unsuccessful species conservation programs consistently reveals contrasting leadership approaches. Successful approaches resonate strongly with both the characteristics of species conservation and established leadership theory in mainstream management literature. We describe the practices identified in successful species conservation programs to provide the basis for a new understanding of conservation leadership using established management theory. The traits of a successful conservation leader include: an ability to share a clear, long‐term vision; orientation toward “hands‐on” management; an ability to switch thinking between the big picture and the detail; and a willingness to encourage learning, improvement, and receptiveness to alternative solutions. Activities in the conservation sector are typically influenced by factors beyond the control of managers. Conversely, a leadership approach is under managers’ direct control and has an impact on attainment of results. Effective leadership is one factor that should not be left to chance but should be considered seriously for its impact on achievement in biodiversity conservation.

Topic: Forest Management and Policy
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Multiple Resistance Strategies for Survival under Israeli Occupation in the Novels of Sahar Khalifeh

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict that started after 1948 war persists to play a dominant role in shaping Palestinian resistance movement. Sahar Khalifeh is a renowned Palestinian writer of the West Bank which is one of the Israeli occupied territories of Palestine. The core theme of Khalifeh’s writings is the Palestinian resistance to Israeli Occupation. This article examines specifically the multiple resistance strategies adopted by both Palestinian men and women on a land which is under prolonged Israeli occupation. Indeed, the Palestinian resistance movement constitutes both violent and non-violent forms of resistance throughout their struggle for independence. Unfortunately, the media has sidelined the issue of civil or non-violent forms of resistance movements pursued by the Palestinians and represented the Palestinian resistance grossly as an act of terrorism or insurgency. This paper analyzes the different ways of resistance carried out by the Palestinians and the limitations thereof, as depicted in the two novels of Khalifeh–The End of Spring and the Inheritance.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Leucobacter iarius sp. nov., in the family Microbacteriaceae

A novel Gram-positive bacterium, strain 40 T , was isolated in the course of identifying bacteria from infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermophilum . Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, strain 40 T was found to be related to the type strains of recognized species of the genus Leucobacter , family Microbacteriaceae . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain 40 T and Leucobacter albus IAM 14851 T , Leucobacter luti LMG 23118 T , Leucobacter alluvii LMG 23117 T , Leucobacter komagatae DSM 8803 T , Leucobacter chromiireducens CIP 108389 T and Leucobacter aridicollis CIP 108388 T , respectively, were 97.3, 97.5, 97.6, 97.6, 97.6 and 98.5 %. Chemotaxonomic analysis also supported the affiliation of strain 40 T to the genus Leucobacter : the major menaquinone was MK-11, the peptidoglycan cross-linkage was of the B-type, the cell wall diamino acid was l -diaminobutyric acid and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 (42 %), anteiso-C 17 : 0 (34 %) and iso-C 16 : 0 (16 %). Based upon the biochemical and genomic analyses, strain 40 T is sufficiently distinct from the type strains of recognized Leucobacter species to warrant the description of a novel species, for which the name Leucobacter iarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 40 T (=DSM 17402 T =CIP 108831 T ).

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Use of a General Practitioner's Time

In his presidential address to the Royal Statistical Society in 1951, Professor Bradford Hill gave details of a survey of the day's work of a doctor, based on records kept by doctors during the 12 months which ended July 1, 1939. The two main indices were attendances of patients at the doctor's surgery and visits by the doctor to insured patients, and varia tions were examined by day, week, and month. The same indices have also been used in surveys of the work of individual practitioners (McGregor, 1949; Pemberton, 1949; Fry, 1952). In an analysis of clinical records of eight practices, Logan (1953) measured morbidity by recourse to a consultation rate; Crawford (1954) in a survey of a practice in Northern Ireland conducted over a 2-year period used spell of illness. These surveys provide no detailed knowledge of the use of a doctor's time, the subject considered in the present report. It is by no means easy to obtain information on this matter without undue inter ference with the routine of practice. The time spent with each patient is not normally recorded, and it is difficult to assess in respect of administrative and professional work not directly concerned with the care of patients.

Topic: Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources for Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy

Compact ECR ion sources have been developed for high energy carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT). Three compact ECR ion sources have been developed as the prototype at NIRS. The first ion source was used the microwave of 2.45 GHz to reduce the construction cost of the source as much as possible. This ion source could not obtain enough intensity of C²⁺ because there were problems in microwave injection and beam extraction system. The second and third ion sources, named Kei and Kei2, solved these problems. The structure of Kei and Kei2 were similar, however Kei2 improved on the magnetic field configuration. The beam intensity of 0.26 mA and 0.78 mA for C⁴⁺ were obtained by Kei and by Kei2, respectively. All of later C-ion RT facilities in Japan, the Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, the Saga Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Tosu, and the Ion-beam Radiation Oncology Center in Kanagawa, installed copies of Kei2 and named them KeiGM, KeiSA, and KeiGM3. On the other hand, the original Kei2 have been installed in the HIMAC at NIRS and produces carbon beams for experimental use. Developments and some improvements of these Kei-series ECR ion sources will be reported.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of combined low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and desmopressin stimulation test in the diagnosis of persistent Cushing's disease. Case report.

Cushing's disease is related to a significant increase in mortality due to chronic hypercortisolaemia complications. It is known that 50% of non-treated subjects die within 5 years. Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy is the treatment of choice. The incidence of relapses, even following a successful surgical procedure, is high and reaches 20-25% during the 5-year follow-up period. The authors discuss the case of a patient, currently aged 60, after repeat pituitary surgery, with progressive cardiovascular complications, in whom persistent Cushing's disease was diagnosed. The diagnosis was determined despite normal plasma ACTH, serum cortisol levels, and 17-OHCS concentrations in daily urine. There was also a lack of obvious pituitary adenoma features in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Persistent Cushing's disease was diagnosed based on the combined dexamethasone desmopressin test. The presented case points to the role of provocative testing, including the desmopressin test following 1 mg of dexamethasone, for diagnostically difficult cases of Cushing's disease.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A prospective study of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and intravenous therapy-related phlebitis

<h3>Background.</h3> Intravenous (IV) therapy-associated phlebitis is common, but its causes are ill defined. Some cases may be related to bacterial colonization of the skin surrounding the IV catheter, especially by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This prospective study examined the association of phlebitis with anterior nares<i>5 aureus</i>carriage, as well as with other potential risk factors. <h3>Methods.</h3> Selected demographic and clinical data and a nares culture were collected from patients on designated wards by us and from the IV therapy team at the time of initial IV catheter placement. Patients were followed up for signs and symptoms of phlebitis for the duration of the initial catheter's use and for up to two additional IV placements. Potential risk factors were compared for patients who developed phlebitis and those who did not by the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model. <h3>Results.</h3> During 10 weeks, 273 men with a total of 416 catheter placements had fully evaluable data. Phlebitis occurred during 13.7% of the catheter placements. Nasal cultures yielded S aureus from 14.3% of the patients, but none of the IV team nurses. Surprisingly,<i>S aureus</i>nasal colonization was related (at borderline statistical significance) to a<i>reduction</i>in phlebitis risk. Location of the patient on a surgical ward, the presence of infection at any site, and a larger-gauge catheter were each significant independent risk factors for phlebitis. The highest risk of phlebitis appeared to have been within 12 to 24 hours of catheter placement. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> The primary finding of this study was that nasal colonization with 5 aureus did not increase the risk of developing IV catheter-associated phlebitis. Our rate of IV catheter-associated phlebitis was similar to that in other studies, but the factors predisposing to phlebitis differed somewhat from those in previous studies. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1992;152:2109-2112)

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Physical and biopharmaceutical properties of quercetin emulgels for dermal drug delivery

Natural flavonoid quercetin is widely present in fruits and vegetables. It is a lipophilic compound that exerts various pharmacological effects such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidation, antianemic, antiplatelet, hypolipidemic and cardioprotective action. Emulgels (emulsion gels) are semisolid dosage forms which consist of a mixture of emulsion and gel, used for dermal delivery of lipophilic drug substances such as quercetin. Nowadays emulsion gel formulations are commonly used because they are easy to use, which enhances patient compliance. Physical characteristics of emulgels depend on proper selection of oil phase, emulsifier and gelling agent. The objective was to formulate a quercetin emulsion gel for topical application with satisfactory physical properties and to examine the influence of gelling agent, oil phase and emulsifier on the emulsion gel characteristics. Eight emulsion gel formulations containing 0.5% quercetin were prepared with concentrations of carbomer 940 as a gelling agent of 0.25% and 0.75%, concentrations of castor oil as an oil phase of 10% and 20%, and concentrations of Tween® 20/Span® 20 mixture (1:2) as an emulsifier of 1,5% and 3%. Emulgels were evaluated for their physical appearance, type of emulsion, pH, spreadability, occlusive properties, quercetin content and its release from formulations. The prepared emulgels had soft creamy consistency, homogenous texture, shiny appearance and favorable tactile properties. Quercetin emulsion gels contained O/W type of emulsion with variable homogeneity and consistency, but all having adequate pH values (6.3-6.5) and quercetin contents (0.50-0.52%). The proportion of gelling agent was the predominant factor in determining the spreadability and the release of quercetin from the formulation. Emulgels exerted mild to moderate occlusive effect and the concentration of oil phase had the greatest impact on occlusivity, although the other components contributed as well. In conclusion, the formulation composition significantly affects the physical characteristics of quercetin emulsion gels. Emulgel with 0.75% gelling agent, 10% oil phase and 1.5% emulsifier can be considered as the optimal quercetin formulation for dermal delivery.

Topic: Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications of rare-earth ion-doped crystals for temperature measurement

Excited rare-earth ions relax radiatively and non-radiatively. The non-radiative relaxation rate and hence the lifetime of the excited level exhibit temperature dependence. These materials can be used to sense temperature below the melting point of the crystal. We have developed calibration standards using rare-earth ion doped crystals. The sensitivity of the technique and the applicable temperature range depends on the ionic energy levels and the type of crystal. We will discuss some of the results obtained in rare-earth ion doped fluoride and oxide crystals.

Topic: Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves in an Enclosure

The behaviors of thermally induced acoustic waves generated by the rapid heating of a bounding solid wall in a closed cylindrical tube are investigated experimentally. The induced flow and pressure fields due to rapid heating are also numerically simulated. In the experiments, a resistance-capacitance circuit is used to generate a rapid temperature increase in a thin nickel foil located at one end of the closed cylindrical tube. The thermally generated pressure (acoustic) waves undergo repeated reflections at the two ends of the tube and gradually decay. The time-dependent pressure variation in the tube and the voltage and temperature histories at the foil are recorded by a fast-response measurement system. The characteristics of the generation, propagation, and decay of the acoustic waves are measured by two different transducers (Bruel & Kjaer model 4193 and Endevco model 8507C-1). To simulate the experiments numerically, the compressible unsteady axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a highly accurate algorithm. Both the experimental and numerical studies predict similar pressure wave shapes and profiles. The measured decay rate of the acoustic waves is found to be somewhat faster than the numerically predicted rate.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vibration decoupling system for massive bolometers in dry cryostats

Pulse-tube based dilution refrigerators are massively employed in low temperature physics. They allow to reduce the running costs and to be operated with unprecedented easiness. However, the main drawback of this technology is the mechanical vibrations induced by the pulse-tube cryocooler. These perturbations can cause extra-noises drastically affecting the detector performance. In this paper, we propose a solution to mitigate the impact of these vibrations by mounting the detectors in an elastic-pendulum based suspended tower. Based on vibration modeling and experimental tests, we show that the vibration levels are attenuated by up to two orders of magnitude at most frequencies, especially above $\sim20$ Hz, for both vertical and radial directions. Thanks to this passive isolation solution, vibration levels, both along vertical and radial directions, below 1 $μ\textrm{g/}\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in the frequency range [1-1000] Hz are obtained. This provides a convenient environment to test the ultimate performance of low temperature detectors. As a result, we report an improvement by one to two orders of magnitude on the noise levels of massive cryogenic bolometers, leading to thermal energy resolutions improved by a factor 5 to 40. Finally, we conclude that the energy resolution of our cryogenic bolometers are no longer limited from any residual vibrations, hence allowing the perspective of further improving our bolometer performance in the context of low-mass dark matter searches and neutrino physics applications.

Topic: Superconducting and THz Device Technology
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of functional impairment in human locomotion: A fuzzy-motivated approach

Many neurological disorders result in disordered motion. The effects of a disorder can be decrease by an appropriate rehabilitation. To make rehabilitation efficient, we need to monitor the patient and check how well he or she improves. In our previous papers, we proposed a fuzzy-based semi-heuristic method of gauging how well a patient improved. Surprisingly, this semi-heuristic method turned out to be more efficient that we expected. In this paper, we provide a justification for this efficiency. In the future, it is desirable to combine this fuzzy-assessment approach with results by Alavarez-Alvarez, Trivino, and Cordón who use fuzzy techniques for modeling human gait.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Integrated Study of the Grayburg/San Andres Reservoir, Cowden Fields, Ector County, Texas

Abstract A cooperative study of the Grayburg/San Andres reservoir is being conducted in response to the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Class II Oil Program. The project is cost shared by Laguna Petroleum Corporation (operator), Latex Resources, Inc. (operator) and the DOE. The purpose of this study is to preserve access to existing wellbores by identifying additional reserves. Production problems associated with shallow shelf carbonate reservoirs are being evaluated by a technical team integrating subsurface geological and engineering data with 3-D seismic data. Engineering analysis, subsurface control from wireline logs, and 3-D seismic data will be integrated using a network of state-of-the-art software on a high performance computer workstation. The results of the integrated effort will be a recommendation for infill drilling locations and the design of an effective waterflood. It is expected that this study will demonstrate a methodology for reservoir characterization and subsequent development of the Grayburg and San Andres reservoirs that is feasible for even small independent operators. The integrated multi-disciplinary approach of reservoir evaluation is relevant to many shallow shelf carbonate reservoirs throughout the United States. Furthermore, this study will provide one of the first public demonstrations of the enhancement of reservoir characterization using high resolution 3-D seismic data. This paper discusses the geological makeup of the Grayburg and San Andres reservoirs and the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of the 3-D seismic data set acquired for the project. The 3-D seismic volume will be utilized for optimization of a reservoir simulation model through a quantitative study to extract reservoir properties from seismic attributes.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
JOINT REPORT OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HUMAN LEUCOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS

Data internationally collected prompeted the "First Leucocyte Typing of Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens Detected by Monoclonal Antibodies". Specification, Classification, Nomenclature have been defined and credited at an international level.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences