jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tourism on Local Government Expenditures

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to broaden the understanding of the impact of tourism on local government expenditures. Specifically, a regression model is developed to examine the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the degree of reliance of the local economy on tourism and local government expenditures. This study indicates that the degree of reliance of a local economy on tourism does have a statistically significant impact on the level of capital outlays, transportation, police protection, fire protection, corrections, parks and recreation, financial administration, and general government administration expenditures. This analysis indicates that the share of tourism in the local economy can influence expenditures on a variety of local government services, thus tourism should not be regarded as a totally costless instrument of economic development.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
An Unusual Variant of Cerebellopontine Angle Schwannoma in a Young Nepalese Girl

An unusual variant of cerebellopontine angle schwannomas is extremely rare. Histologically, the tumor has atypical changes misleading the diagnosis. We report 20-year-old Nepalese girl from far-eastern community presented with features of raised intracranial pressure and difficulty in walking. MR imaging revealed intensely contrast enhanced well defined huge solid tumor in right cerebellopontine angle region with foci of multiple cystic components. The tumor was displacing the brain stem structures with dilatation of lateral and third ventricles. The altered radiological finding made discrepancy diagnosis. Conventional angiography demonstrated major feeders from the auricular branch of the right external carotid artery. The tumor was embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles followed by gross total lateral suboccipital excision. Histopathology unit detailed it as ancient schwannoma with pleomorphic changes.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Discovery of 3-Cinnamamido-N-Substituted Benzamides as Potential Antimalarial Agents

Background: Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, yet the discovery of antimalarial agents remains profoundly challenging. Very few new antimalarials have been developed in the past 50 years, while the emergence of drug-resistance continues to appear. Objective: This study focuses on the discovery, design, synthesis, and antimalarial evaluation of 3- cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamides. Methods: In this study, a screening of our compound library was carried out against the multidrugsensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Derivatives of the hit were designed, synthesized and tested against P. falciparum 3D7 and the in vivo antimalarial activity of the most active compounds was evaluated using the method of Peters’ 4-day suppressive test. Results: The retrieved hit compound 1 containing a 3-cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamide skeleton showed moderate antimalarial activity (IC 50 = 1.20 μM) for the first time. A series of derivatives were then synthesized through a simple four-step workflow, and half of them exhibited slightly better antimalarial effect than the precursor 1 during the subsequent in vitro assays. Additionally, compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 displayed potent activity with IC 50 values of approximately 0.1 μM, and weak cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, in vivo antimalarial activity is not effective, which might be ascribed to the poor solubility of these compounds. Conclusion: In this study, the phenotypic screen of our compound library resulted in the first report of a 3-cinnamamide framework with antimalarial activity and 40 derivatives were then designed and synthesized. Subsequent structure-activity studies showed that compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain with IC50 values around 0.1 μM. Our work herein sets another example of phenotypic screen-based drug discovery, leading to potentially promising candidates of novel antimalarial agents once given further optimization.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 993943: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison between Responsiveness of Selected Grape Clones to Gibberellin Applications and Their Endogenous Levels in Breaking Buds and Maturing Berries

Rapidly growing shoot apices and flower clusters just past full bloom were treated with 40 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA) on Seeded Thompson and several seedless grape clones. Berries on some seedless selections were slightly stimulated to grow in comparison to the untreated control fruit while other hybrids responded to a large degree. These growth responses to GA were compared to the endogenous levels of free and bound gibberellins in the breaking buds, the elongating terminals beyond the treated zones, and maturing berries. No correlation was observed between the levels of these growth regulating substances and the responsiveness of the berries and shoots.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Serial cosputtering for aluminum doping manipulated zinc oxide as front contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> solar cells

Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited by modified in-line direct current magnetron sputtering - so-called serial cosputtering - using two commercial rotatable targets. A metallic aluminum target (secondary target) was used to condition the surface of a rotatable ceramic aluminum-doped zinc oxide target (ZnO:Al₂O₃ 99 : 1 wt %) as the primary target from which the film was deposited. Consequently, the direct current power applied to the secondary target enabled the variation of doping concentration in the deposited film. An optical transmittance &gt;80% with an improved resistivity (&lt;10⁻³ Ω-cm) and a higher carrier concentration (3 × 10²⁰–6 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³) were demonstrated in 300-nm-thick AZO thin films. AZO films with 2.23 at. % aluminum concentration used as the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells showed the best results with an efficiency of up to 13.2% due to an improved fill factor. The results reveal that adjusting the aluminum concentration could be used to match the electrical and optical characteristics of the TCO layer to those of the solar cells.

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acidic hydrolysis of recycled polyethylene terephthalate plastic for the production of its monomer terephthalic acid

Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles, after some pre-processing, were chemically depolymerized for the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), an important monomer of PET resin. The optimized condition of PET hydrolysis was 100°C with 80% v/v aqueous sulfuric acid liquor for 30 min reaction time. The terephthalic acids (TPAs) were filtered out from the reaction mixtures with a sintered glass filter. The viscosity of recycled hydrolysis liquor was measured before it was used in a successive batch of PET depolymerization. The viscosity of hydrolysis liquor increased gradually from 5 mm 2 /s to 87 mm 2 /s. TPA yields were obtained from 85.03 ± 0.03% to 99.20 ± 0.06% and the color of TPA changed from bright white to off-white in the final batches. The structure of TPA was confirmed by FTIR, mass analysis, and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The purity of TPA was found to be 95–98% from the HPLC study via external calibration technique. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined the thermal degradation patterns of TPAs and residual weights. This experiment reveals that repeated use of sulfuric acid hydrolysis liquor would be a good option for PET depolymerization in terms of resource utilization, TPA quality as well as sustainability.

Topic: Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cyclical disparity on catch configuration and effects of fishing gears on fish production of north-western part of the Chalan Beel, Bangladesh

This study provides an overview of the seasonal variation on catch composition, the pattern of gear used and their effects on fish production and management system of north-western part of the Chalan beel. Results of the study revealed that annual beel cycle can be divided into four phases namely, resting, preparatory, growing and decay. Harvesting of fishes in chalan beel was done by using a variety of fishing gears. A total of 27 different types of fishing gears were recorded during investigation period from the study area of the beel. Recorded fishing gears were categorized into three major types which were net, trap and wounding gear. Marked seasonal variation was observed in the use of gears which mostly dependent on the flooding and water depths of the beel. A total of 62 fish species were recorded from this study area including 51 indigenous fish species and 11 exotic species. Fishes were recorded under following 12 fish orders-Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Channiformes, Mastacembeliformes, Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Anguiliformes, Synbranchiformes, Beloniformes and Tetraodontiformes. Some gears like Shuti jal, Current jal, Khora jal, Ber jal/Badai jal and some traps and specialized fishing methods were identified as very harmful to the sustainable production of the beel as well as to the wild brood stock of these natural water bodies. About 8 fish species were recorded as threatened species due to irresponsible fishing. Overall fish production level of the study area was not satisfactory which ranged from 350-400 kg/ha/yr.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Interpretable Cognitive Ability Prediction: A Comprehensive Gated Graph Transformer Framework for Analyzing Functional Brain Networks

Graph convolutional deep learning has emerged as a promising method to explore the functional organization of the human brain in neuroscience research. This paper presents a novel framework that utilizes the gated graph transformer (GGT) model to predict individuals' cognitive ability based on functional connectivity (FC) derived from fMRI. Our framework incorporates prior spatial knowledge and uses a random-walk diffusion strategy that captures the intricate structural and functional relationships between different brain regions. Specifically, our approach employs learnable structural and positional encodings (LSPE) in conjunction with a gating mechanism to efficiently disentangle the learning of positional encoding (PE) and graph embeddings. Additionally, we utilize the attention mechanism to derive multi-view node feature embeddings and dynamically distribute propagation weights between each node and its neighbors, which facilitates the identification of significant biomarkers from functional brain networks and thus enhances the interpretability of the findings. To evaluate our proposed model in cognitive ability prediction, we conduct experiments on two large-scale brain imaging datasets: the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The results show that our approach not only outperforms existing methods in prediction accuracy but also provides superior explainability, which can be used to identify important FCs underlying cognitive behaviors.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Automotive Starter Remanufacturing Procedures

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These manufacturing procedures are recommended minimum guidelines for use by remanufacturers of light-duty automotive starters to promote consistent reliability, durability, and safety of remanufactured starters. Installation of remanufactured or rebuilt products is often an economical way to repair a vehicle even though the products may not be identical to original equipment parts. Before processing any part, a remanufacturer should determine if the original design and present condition of the core are suitable for remanufacturing so as to provide durable operation of the part as well as acceptable performance when installed on the vehicle. The remanufacturer should also consider the safety aspects of the product and any recommendations of the original manufacturers related to remanufacturing or rebuilding their product.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While these PROCEDURES are meant to be universal in application, various product types have unique features of dimension and design which may require special remanufacturing processes and tests that are either not covered by or are exceptions to these PROCEDURES.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 147: Deletion of the RNA regulator HuR in microglia/macrophages promotes an anti-tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma

Abstract Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that portends a poor prognosis. Its resilience, in part, is related to a remarkable capacity for manipulating the microenvironment to promote its growth and survival. Microglia/macrophages are a prime target, being drawn into the tumor and stimulated to produce factors that support tumor growth and immune system evasion. Here we show that the RNA regulator, HuR, plays a key role in the tumor-promoting response of microglia/macrophages. Knockout of HuR in microglia/macrophages led to reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in a murine model of glioblastoma. Analysis of tumor composition by flow cytometry showed that tumor associated macrophages were decreased, more polarized toward an M1-like phenotype, and had attenuated PD-L1 expression. There was a concomitant reduction in tumor-associated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but an increase in Treg cells. In vitro assays showed reduced migration of HuR-/- microglia toward secreted factors derived from glioblastoma cells, and a decrease in migration of glioblastoma cells toward secreted factors derived from HuR-/- microglia. The molecular response of HuR-/- microglia was altered including reduced CXCL1, 2, MMP2, PD-L1 and VEGF expression and an increase in CXCL10 and several MMPs. There was a mixed effect on cytokines and other factors associated with both proinflammatory and alternatively activated phenotypes. In summary, HuR is a key modulator of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, promoting tumor progression through its molecular regulation of factors produced by microglia/macrophages. These findings underscore the relevance of HuR as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Citation Format: Jiping Wang, Jianmei Leavenworth, Anita Hjelmeland, Ben Borg, Peter H. King. Deletion of the RNA regulator HuR in microglia/macrophages promotes an anti-tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 147.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved fairness algorithms for rings with spatial reuse

Ring network architectures that employ spatial reuse permit concurrent transmissions of messages over different links. While spatial reuse increases network throughput, it may also cause starvation of nodes. To alleviate this problem, various policies have been suggested in the literature. In the paper the authors concentrate on a class of such policies that achieve fairness by allocating transmission quotas to nodes. For such policies, they provide mechanisms for improving delays and increasing overall throughput without compromising fairness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Email Address Internationalization: &amp;amp;amp;#x4F8B;&amp;amp;amp;#x5B50;@&amp;amp;amp;#x4F8B;&amp;amp;amp;#x5B50;.&amp;amp;amp;#x4E2D;&amp;amp;amp;#x56FD;

For 30 years, Internet email addresses have used the format user@example.com, with the character set A-Z, 0-9, and -. Gradually mail has been extended to support bæ and löffel in most places, but not in addresses. Now Email Address Internationalization (EAI) work has added support for unicode in addresses, simplifying syntax simultaneously.

Topic: Digital Communication and Language
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
¹H and ¹³C NMR Assignment of Sunitinib Malate in Aqueous Media

Despite expanding therapeutic application of sunitinib and advances in its formulation, pharmacochemical and spectroscopical study on its aqueous solution is rather insufficient due to poor solubility of its base or salt form. In this report, ¹H (900 MHz) and ¹³C (225 MHz) NMR spectra of sunitinib malate in H₂O/D₂O=9/1 have been analyzed, whose spectral peaks have been assigned to each hydrogen and carbon atom, assisted by a combination of two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear NMR: COSY, HSQC-DEPT, and HMBC. The assignment of labile H-N hydrogens in ¹H NMR spectrum is of particular interest in aqueous media, where such labile hydrogens could be potentially affected by intermolecular interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding) with co-solvated constituents. Peak splitting patterns and corresponding ⁿJ(H-H), ⁿJ(H-F), and ⁿJ(C-F) coupling constants observed in each assigned spectrum have been jointly discussed, and ⁿJ(C-F) coupling constants were compared to those taken in DMSO-d6.

Topic: Enzyme function and inhibition
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Hormonal treatments for disorders of sexual conduct].

Because of the limits of justice, our society turns itself towards the medical need and demands efficient treatments. Mutilating neuro-surgery and treatment with estrogens have been used and then stopped. Medroxyprogesterone (MPA) and Cyproterone (CPA) acetate have been proved to be efficient in 80% of cases studied and published. However the therapeutic use of CPA is limited in France by three drawbacks: exclusive oral route of administration, lack of available biological criteria as a control of good observance and lack of official indication. Therefore the authors studied a GnRH analogue (triptorelin) which induces a reversible hormonal castration and which is administered by I.M. route monthly. It was efficient in five out of six aggressive hypersexual patients. An ethical study is proposed after which the authors call for an evolution of the mentalities about this question.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comprehensive benefit evaluation method of energy Internet platform based on cloud model

The energy internet platform not only integrates multiple types of energy forms, but also involves the benefit distribution of multiple subjects during the construction and operation. How to evaluate the platform objectively and accurately is the foundation for the construction of the platform. To this end, the comprehensive benefit evaluation index system of energy internet platform is proposed. The index was weighted by the method of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight combining subjectivity and objectivity. Then, the comprehensive benefit cloud chart of the energy internet platform is determined by constructing the fuzzy synthetic evaluation matrix based on the cloud model to generate digital characteristics of the cloud model of every index. Finally, an example is given to verify the rationality of the evaluation index system and the validity of the evaluation method.

Topic: Advanced Decision-Making Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on application performance of modified waterborne varnish

The waterborne varnish was modified with imported H-863 fluorine and silicon containing modified wax emulsion,imported J-1 polyethylene wax(PEW) emulsion and homemade K-13 paste wax,respectively.The effects of above mentioned three addives on the application performance of modified waterborne varnish.The results showed that the waterborne varnish modified with H-863 emulsion had optimal application performance for the three PEW additives.When the H-863 emulsion content was 30%,the glossiness and wear resistance were increased from 60 and 1500 times to 80 and 2700 times,respectively.

Topic: Tribology and Wear Analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Kappa Opioid Receptor and the Sleep of Reason: Cortico-Subcortical Imbalance Following Salvinorin-A

Abstract Background The mechanisms through which kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists induce psychotomimetic effects are largely unknown, although the modulation of this receptor has attracted attention for its clinical use. In this work, we characterize the neuropharmacological effects of salvinorin-A, a highly selective KOR agonist. Methods Changes in multimodal electroencephalography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and subjective effects following the acute administration of salvinorin-A are reported. The study included 2 sub-studies that employed a double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Results The electroencephalography measures showed a marked increase in delta and gamma waves and a decrease in alpha waves while subjects were under the effect of salvinorin-A. Regarding single-photon emission computed tomography measures, significant decreases in regional cerebral blood flow were detected in multiple regions of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Significant regional cerebral blood flow increases were observed in some regions of the medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala, the hippocampal gyrus, and the cerebellum. The pattern of subjective effects induced by salvinorin-A was similar to those observed in relation to other psychotomimetic drugs but with an evidently dissociative nature. No dysphoric effects were reported. Conclusion The salvinorin-A–mediated KOR agonism induced dramatic psychotomimetic effects along with a generalized decrease in cerebral blood flow and electric activity within the cerebral cortex.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences