jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bridging Fairness and Environmental Sustainability in Natural Language Processing

Fairness and environmental impact are important research directions for the sustainable development of artificial intelligence. However, while each topic is an active research area in natural language processing (NLP), there is a surprising lack of research on the interplay between the two fields. This lacuna is highly problematic, since there is increasing evidence that an exclusive focus on fairness can actually hinder environmental sustainability, and vice versa. In this work, we shed light on this crucial intersection in NLP by (1) investigating the efficiency of current fairness approaches through surveying example methods for reducing unfair stereotypical bias from the literature, and (2) evaluating a common technique to reduce energy consumption (and thus environmental impact) of English NLP models, knowledge distillation (KD), for its impact on fairness. In this case study, we evaluate the effect of important KD factors, including layer and dimensionality reduction, with respect to: (a) performance on the distillation task (natural language inference and semantic similarity prediction), and (b) multiple measures and dimensions of stereotypical bias (e.g., gender bias measured via the Word Embedding Association Test). Our results lead us to clarify current assumptions regarding the effect of KD on unfair bias: contrary to other findings, we show that KD can actually decrease model fairness.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Cases of cavernous hemangioma discovered in patients with post traumatic intracerebral hematoma].

Cavernous haemangioma has various forms. The cases with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage are most common, but post-traumatic intracerebral haematoma was not reported. The aim of this report is to present cases of cavernous haemangioma with unusual clinical course. In seven patients with post-traumatic intracerebral haematoma, fragments of histologically confirmed cavernous haemangioma tissue situated in the place of haematoma were found. In one case, delayed intracerebral haematoma twenty four hours after trauma and initial CT-scan was observed. On the initial CT-scan in this patient only traumatic changes in the brain without haematoma or tumour were present. In our cases, cavernous haemangioma was situated most frequently in frontal and temporal region, shown as haematoma usually 24 hours after trauma, mainly in men in age range 30-44 years with disorders of consciousness (GCS 11). As the result of operation, the majority of patients (6 out of 7) were discharged as self-independent. The authors reviewed the literature for cavernous haemangioma. The tumour may be present in any region of the brain including infratentorial region. The lesion is disclosed most frequently in children as spontaneous brain haemorrhage and rarely as seizures or intracranial hypertension. Final diagnosis is based on cerebral angiography or MRI. CT-scans are not typical and before the appearance of haematoma do not suggest the presence of tumour. Surgical removal of haematoma with tumour fragments is the main method of therapy, but radiation is possible in order to diminish the mass. The authors conclude that in each patient with post-traumatic intracerebral haematoma, the presence of cavernous haemangioma is possible.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE AS FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT FOR EFFECTIVE SCHOOL LEADERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATION ACHIEVING: A SYNOPTIC THEORETICAL APPROACH

Many theories and definitions regarding the concept of Leadership and Management appear in modern literature, as well as interpretations, references to specific characteristics and related topics. This fact shows that over time, a significant effort has been made to clarify the various dimensions of the concept of Leadership and its distinction from the concept of Management. The whole research activity gradually contributed to the development of an important framework in which various and remarkable theoretical models were developed, in parallel with the broader research that has been developed in the field of "human resource management", intending to study leadership styles and managerial behaviors to which they are connected. Many researchers agree that the position of traditional management is completely taken over today by Leadership, which is a complex but flexible, dynamic and at the same time creative resource management process. As has been observed, each new form of Leadership, developed during the 20th century, took into account the effectiveness of the previous one, both in theory and in practice. In this chapter, through three indicative sections, emphasis is placed on the clarification of the concepts of Leadership and Management, concise, conceptual approaches to Leadership Theories and Management Models are developed. Finally, reference is made to the modern, leading role of the School Principal. The characteristic of communication ability is underlined as a fundamental criterion for achieving effective school leadership and administration.&#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0711/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Education and Teacher Training
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Seminal fluid enhances competitiveness of territorial males’ sperm in a fish with alternative male reproductive tactics

The most common adaptation to sperm competition in males is represented by an increase in the sperm number and/or quality released at mating, to raise their probability of egg fertilization. However, rapidly mounting evidence highlights that seminal fluid may directly influence the competitive fertilization success of a male by affecting either own and/or rival sperm performances. In the black goby, Gobius niger, an external fertilizer with guard-sneaker mating tactics and high sperm competition level, sneaker males’ ejaculates contain less seminal fluid and more sperm, that are also of better quality, than those of territorial males. However, territorial males, gain a higher paternity success inside natural nests. Here, we ask whether the seminal fluid can contribute to territorial males’ reproductive success by enhancing their sperm performances and/or by decreasing those of sneaker males. Using sperm and seminal fluid manipulation and in vitro fertilization tests, we found that own seminal fluid influences the velocity and fertilization ability of sperm only in territorial males, making them as faster as those of sneakers and with similar fertilization rate. Moreover, both sneaker and territorial males’ sperm remain unaffected by the seminal fluid of rival males. Thus, black goby males respond to the different level of sperm competition faced by differently allocating in sperm and non-sperm components of the ejaculate, with sneakers primarily investing in sperm of intrinsic high quality and territorial males relying on the effect of seminal fluid to increase the lower intrinsic quality of their sperm.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
USEFULNESS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHO STRAIN IN EVALUATION OF CARDIAC FUNCTION IN ELITE ATHLETES

Objective: Cardiovascular adaptation to sport training is influenced by many factors, including the intensity and the kind of sport practiced. The “Morganroth hypothesis” asserted that a static exercise characterized by a pressure load and dynamic (isotonic) exercise which involves a volume load to the heart lead to different myocardial adaptation patterns. More recent studies revisited this hypothesis, showing that left ventricular (LV) remodelling observed in both resistance and endurance trained athletes, presented similar aspects. Although morphological modifications secondary to exercise have been largely studied, less is known on myocardial systolic function in LV remodeling patterns in different elite athletes. Two-dimensional strain analysis allows a complete study of the contractile function in different myocardial regions of interest in both ventricles. In this study we aim to underline possible differences in contractile myocardial function with strain analysis in two groups of elite athletes, trained with different loads and playing different sports (football and cyclism) Design and method: We enrolled 47 male athletes: 23 football players and 24 cyclists, belonging to same football or cyclism team (mean age in both groups 18 ± 3 years old). The athletes were evaluated with echocardiography at the beginning of the sports season. We assessed LV contractile function using speckle-tracking echocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS). We also analysed right ventricular function by strain echocardiography Results: Cyclists showed a significantly augmented indexed LV mass and TAPSE. No significant differences were found in GLS data between the two groups (−23.4 ± 0.02 in football players and −24.1 ± 0.02 in cyclists), whereas a significantly higher GCS was found in cyclists compared to football players (−31.2 ± 0.04 and −27.2 ± 0.05 respectively, p < 0.005). The cyclist group showed a significant increase in right ventricular strain compared to football players (−26.3 ± 0.04 and −23.2 ± 0.04, respectively, p < 0.05) Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that a dynamic exercise, which involves a volume load, like cyclism, leads to a sensible increase in systolic function in elite athletes especially in right ventricle contractility.

Topic: Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nuclear‐Targeting MSNs‐Based Drug Delivery System: Global Gene Expression Analysis on the MDR‐Overcoming Mechanisms

The biological mechanisms of nuclear-targeting mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-based DDSs (DOX@NT-MSNs) in overcoming multidrug resistance of cancer cells are studied. It is interesting to find for the first time that DOX@NT-MSNs down-regulate the expression of apoptosis suppressor genes and inhibit DNA repair process by disturbing the p53 pathway.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anthocyanin Stability and Recovery: Implications for the Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Samples

The proportion of ingested anthocyanins to reach the systemic circulation is reported to be a small percentage of their ingested dose. This may be due to physiochemical degradation in vivo or following routine sample treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively investigate the effect of anthocyanin structure on their stability under simulated (in vitro) physiological conditions and to assess their degradation and recovery following routine preanalytical sample extraction and storage. It was demonstrated that B-ring hydroxylation mediated the degradation of anthocyanins to their phenolic acid and aldehyde constituents, successful anthocyanin extraction is dependent on both sample preparation technique and anthocyanin structure, and anthocyanins are stable through multiple freeze-thaw cycles. These data indicate that significant portions of ingested anthocyanins are likely to degrade to phenolic acids and aldehyde in vivo. Consequently, these compounds should be the target of future bioavailability and bioactivity studies to establish the true occurrence and impact of anthocyanins on human health.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in cyclic ß-glucan synthesis show enhanced sensitivity to plant defense responses

Susceptibility of the nitrogen-fixing soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum to inducible plant defense metabolites such as phytoalexin and H2O2, was investigated. On the wild-type strain USDA 110 the soybean phytoalexin, glyceollin, showed bacteriostatic activity. Viable bacteria isolated from intact nodules were adapted to glyceollin. H2O2 in physiological concentrations did not affect wild-type bacteria. B. japonicum mutants defective in the biosynthesis of cyclic beta-(1--&gt;3)-(1--&gt;6)-glucans showed higher susceptibility to both phytoalexin and H2O2.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dataset for "Structure and Properties of Metallosupramolecular Polymers with a Nitrogen-Based Bidentate Ligand"

Source data of the study reported in the publication entitled "Structure and Properties of Metallosupramolecular Polymers with a Nitrogen-Based Bidentate Ligand". The data should be considered together with the published manuscript and the supplementary information file.

Topic: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Nuclear Liquid-Gas Phase Transition: Q.E.D

For the past decade, intense experimental effort has been devoted to the search for a liquid-gas phase transition in highly excited nuclei. Now, synthesis of the large body of existing multifragmentation data provides a strong case for identification of this phenomenon. In this presentation we discuss several salient features of the data that support their interpretation in terms of a spinodal liquid-gas phase transition.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic testing for familial cancer. A clinician's perspective.

Molecular genetics researchers have recently identified several genes (and mutations) that result in family cancers. This has prompted the development of molecular diagnostic tests to identify individuals at risk, making it possible to prevent certain types of cancer. However, detection and prevention of certain malignancies are impeded because few medical practitioners know of these tests, and because patients fear the emotional consequences of testing. To highlight some of these issues, we describe a patient who chose to be tested for the RET gene mutation. The mutation was identified, additional family members were tested, and several were found to be at risk. The RET gene mutation is 100% predictive for the ultimate development of medullary thyroid cancer. Testing and counseling provided this patient and her family with information not only about the thyroid cancer in their family, but also about multiple endocrine neoplasia, a syndrome resulting from mutation of this particular gene. Familial cancer clinics are being established to assist patients and physicians who face questions about familial diseases and the value of genetic testing. We include in this report information about the familial cancer clinics in Minnesota and list the services and testing opportunities available at these clinics.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) in the Physical Education: Survey Analysis of Chinese Universities

With the advent of artificial intelligence, computer-aided instruction has developed into intelligent computer-aided instruction. Computer-aided instruction not only overcomes many weaknesses of traditional physical education teaching but also significantly increases the teaching effect and efficiency. This article first studies and analyzes the characteristics of computer-aided instruction systems. Then, we use statistical methods and logical analysis to randomly select two classes of undergraduate students as the experimental and control group, respectively. In the control group, the traditional teaching model was adopted, while the experimental group adopted the computer-aided teaching mode. The experimental group showed significant improvement in physical education as compared to the control group. The results of this study validated that the use of computer-assisted instruction is beneficial in the implementation of physical education programs, mostly in teaching concepts and principles of academic nature.

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
P‐87: Research on the Influence Factor of Tearing Static Electricity Based on Display Module

This article analyzes and studies the generation, disappearance, and influencing factors of static electricity during the removal of protective film from the module screen, and confirmed the influence trend. To solve the problem of module abnormal display caused by excessive static electricity during film tearing.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A developmental analysis and model for intervention.

A Brief History of the Oregan Model, Gerald R. Patterson et al The Early Development of Coercive Family Process, Gerald R. Patterson Social Contextual Factors and Competence in Early Development, Leslie D. Leve et al Reinforcement and Coercion Mechanisms in the Development of Antisocial Behaviour - The Family, James Snyder and Mike Stoolmiller Reinforcement and Coercion Mechanisms in the Development of Antisocial Behaviour - Peer Relationships, James Snyder Contextual Risk Across the Early Life Span and Association With Antisocial Behaviour, D.M. Capaldi et al A Developmental Model For Early-and Late-Onset Delinquincy, Gerald R. Patterson and Karen Yoerger Coercive Family Processes and Adolescent Depression, Betsy Davis et al Interventions For Antisocial Behaviour, John B. Reid and J. Mark Eddy Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care - Applications of the OSLC Intervention Model to High-Risk Youth and Their Families, Patricia Chamberlain et al Preventative Efforts During the Elementary School Years - The Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers Project, John B. Reid and J. Mark Eddy. (Part contents).

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting Interpersonal Behavior from a Measure of Expectancy for Interpersonal Control

Recent research in interpersonal skills and processes led to the exploration of the feasibility of predicting interpersonal behavior from an expectancy measure. The development of an instrument to predict certain interpersonal behaviors was devised from the social learning theory framework of J. B. Rotter. The instrument, the Interpersonal Control Scale, was similar in rationale, design, and construction to Rotter's I-E Scale. Results suggested that persons who express an internal orientation with respect to interpersonal relations spend more time conversing with a stranger than persons who express an external orientation. Implications for social learning theory are discussed, and suggestions are offered regarding the potential usefulness of the scale in research on interpersonal functioning.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Augmented Reality-based factory planning - an application tailored to industrial needs

Over the past years, a variety of augmented reality (AR)-based applications were created, to support industrial processes. Although these first demonstrator applications or prototypes cover all parts of the industrial product process (design, planning and production, service and maintenance), only a few of them actually turned into established and applied solutions. In the automotive industry, one successful field for AR-based applications is factory design and planning, metaio and Volkswagen Group Research have concerted their research work to continuously enhance a first prototype in order to create a serviceable and accepted software tool, which is tailored to the needs of AR-based factory planning processes. This paper presents the developing process of this application, the requirements analysis and the realization as a complete system. A concrete example in industry describes the usage of the system for factory planning and an outlook on future work in this area closes the document.

Topic: Augmented Reality Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sovereign Wealth Funds 2019

In 2019, the growth of the world economy slowed to 2.9%, the lowest annual rate recorded since the subprime crisis. This was a year in which the elements of uncertainty that had previously threatened the stability of the cycle began to have a more serious effect on economic expansion. Among these elements, there are essentially two – both of a political nature – that stand out from the rest. The first is the trade war between the world’s leading economy, United States and its nearest contender, China, which led to a dangerous tariff escalation. The second was the confirmation of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, whose long denouement plunged the economy and the companies of the old continent into uncertainty. However, the negative impact of both these factors is clearly waning, and, coupled with the continued favorable financial conditions, suggests a return to growth of the world economy of 3.3% for 2020 and 3.4% for 2021.

Topic: State Capitalism and Financial Governance
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Impaired Lipoprotein Lipase Activation by Uraemic and Post-Transplant Sera

1. Lipoprotein lipase was separated from normal human post-heparin plasma by affinity chromatography and assayed with a 14C-labelled triolein emulsion. No enzyme activity was detected unless whole serum was included in the assay as a source of cofactor, apolipoprotein C-II. 2. After a 10 h fast, serum obtained from 46 normal subjects, eight patients with hypertriglyceridaemia but normal renal function, patients with chronic renal failure (24 undialysed, 20 haemodialysed) and 14 recipients of renal allografts, was added to incubation medium for the assay of lipoprotein lipase to determine the maximum activation of the enzyme. 3. When serum was obtained from normal subjects, maximum activation of the enzyme correlated positively with the concentration of triacylglycerol in the sample. Neither sex nor age had a significant effect on the maximum activation achieved by serum from control subjects. 4. The maximum lipoprotein lipase-activating capacity of serum from uraemic and transplant patients was significantly reduced when compared with serum from healthy controls or from the non-uraemic hypertriglyceridaemic patients. 5. Maximum enzyme activation correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum from undialysed patients, but did not correlate positively with total serum triacylglycerols in any of the patient groups. Only in transplant recipients was there a significant inverse relationship between serum creatinine concentrations and maximum enzyme activation. 6. Although lipoprotein lipase activation was impaired in uraemic subjects and renal transplant recipients, this appeared to be due more to the presence of an inhibitor than to cofactor deficiency.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences