jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examining the Functional Role of the C-terminal Domain of the Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Kinase Using Naturally Occurring Mutations Present in Human Cancers

Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that functions to control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Activation occurs upon the binding of the IGF1 ligand to the extracellular domain facilitating trans-autophosphorylation and thus activation. The receptor activates downstream signaling through both the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways that contribute to cellular proliferation and preventing cell death, respectively. IGF1R is overexpressed and hyperactive in many human cancers. We postulated that IGF1R could also be activated by mutation. We further hypothesized that particular C-terminal mutations could affect the ability of this domain to autoregulate the receptor. Mutations were chosen from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database based on their location in C-terminal domain of the receptor and prevalence in various cancer patients. We conducted mutagenesis on the wild type IGF1R receptor to create four mutant constructs that were studied in vitro using R- (IGF1R-/-) mouse fibroblast cells. Following IGF1 stimulation the cells were harvested, the receptor immunoprecipitated, and kinase activity was studied using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. We found that the cancer associated mutations chosen did not affect the receptor’s tyrosine kinase activity. | Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that functions to control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Activation occurs upon the binding of the IGF1 ligand to the extracellular domain facilitating trans-autophosphorylation and thus activation. The receptor activates downstream signaling through both the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways that contribute to cellular proliferation and preventing cell death, respectively. IGF1R is overexpressed and hyperactive in many human cancers. We postulated that IGF1R could also be activated by mutation. We further hypothesized that particular C-terminal mutations could affect the ability of this domain to autoregulate the receptor. Mutations were chosen from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database based on their location in C-terminal domain of the receptor and prevalence in various cancer patients. We conducted mutagenesis on the wild type IGF1R receptor to create four mutant constructs that were studied in vitro using R- (IGF1R-/-) mouse fibroblast cells. Following IGF1 stimulation the cells were harvested, the receptor immunoprecipitated, and kinase activity was studied using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. We found that the cancer associated mutations chosen did not affect the receptorâ€™s tyrosine kinase activity. | 23 pages

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transcranial Contralateral Routing of the Signal as a Fitting Option for Patients with Single-Sided Deafness

Patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) often report difficulty recognizing speech when the signal is on the side of the poorer ear. As discussed in this issue of Seminars in Hearing, several fitting options are available for patients with SSD. One option that could take on greater interest due to advancements in multichannel feedback management, noise reduction, and directional microphones is the transcranial contralateral routing of the signal (TCROS). This article reviews previous reports on performance with the TCROS. This article also focuses on the advances in hearing aid technology and how these advances could improve TCROS as a fitting option for patients with SSD. Finally, this article provides information on factors that audiologists should take into consideration for patient and hearing aid selection for TCROS and outlines a procedure to verify performance of TCROS using the real-ear-aided response (REAR) and other real-ear measures (REM).

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
SDR-based Psuedo-Doppler AoA Estimation for Low Duty Cycle Transmitters

Pseudo-Doppler (PD) is a powerful technique for Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation for single-channel systems. In the application of collared animal tracking considered within, the VHF transmitting beacon is enabled for a very low duty cycle such as 2 percent. This low duty cycle presents several unique design challenges that are addressed in the revised PD algorithm. PD is then implemented using the LimeMini-SDR for a four-element antenna array. The resulting system delivers accurate AoA estimates for duty cycles approaching 1 percent.

Topic: Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ELEVATED SECTION OF THE WEST GATE FREEWAY, SOUTH MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. PART 2: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURES.

Keywords OVERSEAS PROJECTS CORPORATION VICTORIA, CORCORAN SHEPHERD CITRA CONSTRUCTIONS, SPIE BATIGNOLLES ELEVATED, SECTIONS, FREEWAYS, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, SUBSTRUCTURES, SUPERSTRUCTURES, MATCH, CAST, MATCH CAST, SEGMENTAL, CASTING, SEGMENTS, BRIDGES, ROADS, CARRIAGEWAYS, HIGH STRENGTH, STEEL, CORBELS, GEOMETRY, EXPANSION, JOINTS, ELASTOMERS, BEARINGS, PRECASTING, CONCRETE, BOX, GIRDERS, PROTOTYPES, PRESTRESSING, STEAM, CURING, QUALITY, CONTROL, CASTING, ERECTION, EPOXY, JOINTING, LAUNCHING, EQUIPMENT, ASSURANCE, CITIES, JOINT VENTURES MELBOURNE, WEST GATE AUSTRALIA... Show All

Topic: Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Concept Coordinates System Start by Proposition Angle——Research on the Legal History Methodology

In the Chinese legal history study,textual research and social historic method explore external quantity and efficiency of ancient law,but they can not get into the internal quality and reason study.The normative analysis can deeply study the inner mechanism of ancient law,but it contains a potential risk of seeing those previous by us today′s thoughts.To avoid this risk,we should establish a concept coordinates system start by the proposition angle,multiple use these methods of textual research,social history,and normative analysis,so that we can establish an inter-explanation way among different concepts,ideals and institution systems at all times and in all countries.This inter-explanation needs researchers have equal deeply understand and academic foundation at these research objects,and have thoughtful training and systematic insight over the field of history and methodology.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinico-sonological and histopathology findings in patients with right iliac fossa pain who underwent appendectomy: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Appendicitis being the one the most common cause of right iliac fossa pain that leads to emergency abdominal surgery. The existence of non-perforating or non-acute forms of appendicitis is doubted to this day despite clinical, intraoperative, radiological and histo-pathological findings. Appendectomy though being curative, yet the decision on its timing is still controversial especially in non-acute variants of appendicitis.Methods: A retrospective observational study on 200 consecutive cases of suspected appendicitis who underwent appendectomy in department of General surgery, Adichunchangiri Hospital and Research Centre during a period between January 2020 and January 2021. The data was accrued from patient data base retrospectively and analysed.Results: We found in our study that the ultrasonographic findings had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 44.44% as compared to the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. The histopathological studies revealed chronic inflammatory cells in 63% of the resected specimens, suggestive of chronic appendicitis and acute inflammatory cells in 37% of the specimens, suggestive of acute appendicitis.Conclusions: We conclude that the clinical findings, ultrasonological findings and the histopathological findings correlate with one another (p&lt;0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonogram was reported to range from 71 to 97% when used in the right setting (acute forms) and it is user dependent. When clinical findings compliments radiology, the existence and diagnostic accuracy of such conditions (acute and non-acute) increase drastically and can be confirmed on histopathology.

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prison staff's perceptions of procedural justice in English and Welsh prisons: A quantitative study

Abstract This study aimed to develop a measure of procedural justice (PJ) perceptions for prison staff, and used this to explore perceptions. A measure of PJ perceptions was created, which had good reliability and validity. Exploration of PJ perceptions found that male, older, more experienced and disciplinary staff held significantly less positive PJ perceptions. Positive PJ perceptions were associated with improved staff motivation and commitment, reduced stress, reduced sickness, and a more positive orientation towards prison residents. Better staff PJ was also associated with better prison residents’ PJ. The importance of ensuring staff feel that their workplace is fair is discussed.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Strengthened Business Process Matrix - A Novel Approach for Guided Continuous Improvement at Service-Oriented SMEs

The principle of continuous improvement is widely used at firms when striving for improved business performance. One goal that is typically sought in terms of continuous improvement is the achievement of consistent operations within business processes. Despite the commonness of this approach, firms often face business process-related problems. This paper introduces an approach to improve the quality and the feasibility of business processes at small-sized and medium-sized service-oriented firms. The approach is based on the analysis of observations gathered at four case companies over 25 years. In the study, business processes were grouped into three categories: (i) strategic steering tool-related procedures without business process descriptions; (ii) operative service component-related business processes; and (iii) the business process matrix, including general descriptions for (a) the operative processes of daily activities, special occasions, and life-cycle management and (b) the steering processes of entity management. The feasibility of the business process matrix was strengthened by interrelating the redetermined steering tools, that is, service promise, service portfolio, principles, and organization. The strengthened business process matrix is an example of guided continuous improvement, meaning that the role of the organization is to apply the content of the strengthened business matrix rather than to create it from nothing, by trial and error, or from diverse sources. The main contribution of this study to business process research is in combining a scientific perspective with the actual needs of service-oriented small-sized and medium-sized firms, based on a quarter-century-long insight into their management and working practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Rational conic fibrations of sectional genus two

Abstract Polarized rational surfaces ( X , L) of sectional genus two ruled in conics are studied. When they are not minimal, they are described as the blow-up of 𝔽 1 at some points lying on distinct fibers. Ampleness and very ampleness of L are studied in terms of their location. When L is very ample and there is a line contained in X and transverse to the fibers, the conic fibrations ( X , L) are classified and a related property concerned with the inflectional locus is discussed.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A K-Band Active Up/Down Bidirectional Mixer in 130-nm CMOS

An active bidirectional mixer performing the up/down conversion has been proposed at K band with a 130-nm CMOS in this paper. With 2-dBm local oscillator drives, the mixer achieves the conversion gain, noise figure, and output P<inf>ldB</inf> of &#x2212;2.5&#x007E;-1.2 dB, 14.2&#x007E;16 dB, and &#x2212;9.2&#x007E;-8 dBm from 23 to 25 GHz in up-conversion mode, respectively. In down-conversion mode, the mixer exhibits the conversion gain, noise figure, and input PldB of 1.3&#x007E;3 dB, 15.2&#x007E;19.3 dB, and &#x2212;0.6&#x007E;0 dBm from 23 to 25 GHz, respectively. The chip area is 0.75 &#x00D7; 0.8 mm<sup>2</sup>, which consumes 10.5 mW from a supply of 1.5 V.

Topic: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
WIP: Wrap-Around Advising: A Collaborative Effort Between Faculty Members and Student Success Professionals

Abstract Wrap-around advising involves a holistic methodology that puts the student at the center of attention with support from a team of academic and advising professionals. In recent years, an increasing number of academic units at universities have employed wrap-around advising practices to increase student persistence at the university and in their chosen major. To implement a successful wrap-around student advising process, it is pertinent that the faculty members and student success professionals embrace a collegiate and collaborative outlook and remain student-centric with regards to student academic success and well-being. Within a civil engineering program, a wrap-around advising model has been developed by a faculty member and a student success professional and implemented in a first-year civil engineering course. This wrap-around advising model involves a collaborative and intensive process of fluid communication among the faculty member, the student success professional, and the students. In this work, the authors discuss the history of development of this advising plan, some challenges, early results, and long-term goals.

Topic: Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations of Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) Gill

The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) gill was examined with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic techniques as well as an improved glycol methacrylate embedding procedure for light microscopy. The gill epithelium on primary and secondary lamellae contained distinctive surface features consisting of whorled patterns of ridges (microfolds) with intervening grooves, measurements of which were correlated with measurements obtained from TEM tissue sections. The SEM and TEM data complimented each other concerning physical measurements and presence of lamellar ridges and grooves. The microfolds consisted of cellular membrane evaginations with furrows (grooves) between adjacent microfolds. The ridges and grooves on the primary lamellar surface were quite regular in their architecture whereas the ridges of secondary lamellae were farther apart and discontinuous. The gill raker surface also contained low ridges in a whorled pattern with wide intervening grooves. Small pores of variable diameter were observed on the secondary lamellar surface and much larger pores occurred on the primary lamellar and gill raker surface. TEM sections revealed the presence of chloride, pillar I and II, and epithelial cells and the fine structure of their relationship to the capillary bed. These observations were discussed with reference to their possible adaptive value to the trout. Key words: rainbow trout, branchial epithelium, primary lamella, secondary lamella, pillar cell, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN

There is probably no more interesting, uncertain or hazardous clinical domain in childhood than acute conditions in the abdomen and pain is the presenting symptom, the warning signal, that something has gone wrong and that it may be serious. That it is not usually so has in itself an element of danger. The very fact that the incidence of conditions that are not serious is much higher than that of those that are may lead to a lack of wariness that may be fateful. The differentiation cannot be made safely on the telephone. The difficulty in diagnosis is not due to the fact that the infant cannot talk and the older child may not be able to give an intelligent account of his symptoms. The pediatrician is as much at home with the youngest child as he is with the oldest. The morbid anatomy of the child is distinctive and

Topic: Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty: Case Study of Darfur

This thesis presents a critical analysis of international law on humanitarian intervention using Darfur, Sudan, as a case study. In the 20th century, international law was the perceived hurdle to humanitarian intervention. The international legal debate frames state sovereignty against humanitarian intervention. Within this legal framework, civilians are unprotected from atrocities that remain inside state territorial lines. States could conduct acts of genocide against their own population with impunity. After the intervention in Kosovo and the genocide in Rwanda, international law evolved to allow humanitarian intervention. The international legal debate shifted from state sovereignty against humanitarian intervention to a "Responsibility to Protect." The United States declared the atrocities in Darfur, Sudan, to be genocide in 2004. Four years later, there is still no protection of civilians and over 2 million displaced civilians remain in camps. Where the law has changed there is still a requirement for state interest. Until the genocide in Darfur is a vital state interest, the United States and other western countries will not intervene, regardless of what international law authorizes. If the only limitation on humanitarian intervention in Darfur is the perception that the genocide is not a United States vital interest, the U.S. military should be prepared for the view to change. With the creation of Africa Command, the U.S. military is beginning to view the continent of Africa with more interest. The U.S. military will be more effective if its leaders understand the evolution of the legal framework for humanitarian intervention, how to work within it, and the repercussions for working outside it when state interests change.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Plataforma d'interoperabilitat de processos assitencials: prova pilot en processos de detecció ràpida del càncer

This project emerges and is developed at an enterprise level, specifically at IBM, and is carried out for Institut Català de la Salut (ICS). Currently there is a potential growing demand related to continuity of care challenges, integration of systems and services to help taking clinical decisions. In line with this demand, the objective this project pursues is to implement a pilot based on the definition and implementation of a technology solution that provides coverage to manage critical and complex care patient processes. More specifically, the processes considered for this pilot are the Breast and Colon Rapid Detection of Cancer (RDC). These two processes are analyzed and worked together with Northern Metropolitan (Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol) Metropolitan South (Hospital Viladecans) Territories references and the ICS corporate center references. The purpose of this project is twofold, as not only aims to provide a tool for process management in order to control, monitor, evaluate results and improve integration between systems, but at the same time, aims to study the feasibility of the technology solution designed to be the basis for the future interoperability platform for healthcare processes for ICS. To achieve this goal have been used three business solutions that are the core of this platform: a Business Process Management system (BPM), a Business Rules Management System (BRMS) and an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). Evaluating the results once developed the project it is confirmed that the solution covers the objectives initially set and meets expectations that ICS had placed.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-valued functions on partially ordered sets

It is known that if P is a partially ordered set, then P can be imbedded into an everywhere branching partially ordered set Q in such a manner that if a function has a limit L on P, the function can be extended to Q and have a limit L on Q.' The purpose of this note is to show that P can be imbedded isomorphically into an everywhere branching partially ordered set Q and each function f on P extended to Q, in such a manner that f has a limit L on P if and only if it has a limit L on Q.2 By a partially ordered set is meant a set of elements P = {p }, with a binary relation  po). The only partially ordered sets which are considered hereafter are those which have no minimal elements. A partially ordered set is directed if, for each pair of elements in P, Pi and P2, an element p3 can be found for which P3?<Pi, t = 1, 2. A partially ordered set is everywhere branching if, to each element Pi of P, there corresponds a pair of elements P2 and p3 such that pi-<pi, i = 2, 3, and

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
IX.—A Dissertation on White Elephants

The existence of perfectly white elephants has been called in question by many; and it was long supposed that the kings of Siam imposed on the credulity of foreigners, and that the light colour of the elephant was artificial. No doubt can now remain respecting the existence of this deviation from the common course of nature. In the stables of the king of Siam there are elephants, the colour of which, although not pure white, is yet sufficiently light-coloured to admit of the appellation they have received being with propriety bestowed upon them. Strangers at Siam are taken to see these elephants, and no mystery is made respecting them.

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences