jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GIS Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts distribution at Holtun from the Preclassic through the Classic Periods.

The nature of social organization at an archaeological site can be interpreted from many types of material remains. Exotic goods are particularly useful for making inferences about social organization because of their scarcity, utilitarian demand, and symbolic characteristics. Obsidian artifacts are some of the most abundant exotic goods among the Lowland Maya. The acquisition of these artifacts was the result of a wide net of commerce from the highlands of Guatemala and central Mexico into the Maya lowlands. The patterns of consumption and distribution of obsidian artifacts vary according the time and location. This variation is seen as the result of complex dynamics of trade and social interactions among the ancient Maya. Therefore, I argue that there is variability perceptible in the patterns of consumption and local distribution of obsidian between the elite residential groups at the site of Holtun. This study presents a descriptive and comparative analysis of the patterns of obsidian consumption observed in the samples from the excavations performed by the Holtun Archaeological Project from 2011 through 2016. The analysis contributes to the understanding of local processes in association with regional socioeconomic and political dynamics in the Maya Lowlands.
Previous research has suggested that obsidian distribution in some times and places was centralized and controlled by powerful Maya polities. In addition, research performed on obsidian artifacts reveals a change in the consumption of different obsidian sources at other sites in the Yaxha basin, the geographic location of Holtun. The data collected by Holtun Archaeological Project provide information that correlates with the broader trends of obsidian preferences in the area. Our findings suggest that during the Preclassic period (c. 600 BC to AD 250) the frequency of obsidian artifacts from San Martin Jilotepeque was higher than other sources and the artifacts from El Chayal were restricted to households especially associated with the first ritual and monumental construction at the site. Then, during the Classic Period (AD 250 to 950), the frequency of artifacts from San Martin Jilotepeque experienced a decrease in quantity and the artifacts from El Chayal were more accessible across the site. The process of excavation and mapping, and the subsequent laboratory analyses have allowed for the documentation of this variability in accessibility and consumption preferences within different elite residential groups. To facilitate these interpretations, a map of Holtun was created using Geographic Information Systems. It allows the inclusion of layers of information obtained during this research, constituting a point of reference for the understanding of socioeconomic and political changes experienced within the site during the intriguing transition from the Preclassic to the Classic period.

Topic: Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze

Significance Where people look generally reflects and reveals their moment-by-moment thought processes. This study introduces an experimental method whereby participants’ eye gaze is monitored and information about their gaze is used to change the timing of their decisions. Answers to difficult moral questions such as “Is murder justifiable?” can be influenced toward random alternatives based on looking patterns alone. We do this without presenting different arguments or response frames, as in other techniques of persuasion. Thus, the process of arriving at a moral decision is not only reflected in a participant’s eye gaze but can also be determined by it.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Alpine marmots (<i>Marmota marmota</i>) adjust vigilance behaviour according to environmental characteristics of their surrounding

Predation risk can strongly affect behaviour of preys, and natural selection should have favoured the evolution of behavioural plasticity in the strategies used to avoid predation. The level of predation risk can be affected by environmental characteristics and we expect individuals to adjust vigilance behaviour to the level of risk. In this study we investigate if Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) living in an area delimited by the forest and with scarce visibility (Closed Site) differ in their vigilance behaviour from marmots inhabiting an open meadow further away from the forest edge and with greater visibility (Open Site). The rate of vigilance and the time spent vigilant in the Closed Site were higher than in the Open Site, while the mean duration of each vigilance bout did not differ between the two sites. Our results suggest that Alpine marmots adjust vigilance behaviour according to the environmental characteristics of their surroundings while there appears to exist an optimal duration of scan bouts which is independent of relative predation risk.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determining the Optimal Configuration of Highway Routes for Real-Time Traffic Information: A Case Study

This paper deals with a case study where the objective is to identify the optimal subset of routes for real-time traveler information in a highway network. It is assumed that the benefit of providing this information is directly related to the uncertainty of route travel times. The variance of travel times within a time period over consecutive days is employed as the indicator of this uncertainty. The New Jersey Turnpike is used as the study network due to the availability of vehicle-by-vehicle network-specific data. The data set covers travel times between ~ 630 origin-destination (OD) pairs during 2004. The problem of identifying the optimal number of subset of routes is modeled as a nonlinear integer-programming problem. The proposed model is then solved using the Network-Enabled Optimization Software server, which is a common optimization solver that is available over the Internet. A simple heuristic for the proposed model is also presented.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Participatory Research Approach to Explore the Experiences of Children of Deaf Adults (CODAs)

Children of deaf adults (CODAs) are a unique group representing a relatively invisible linguistic and cultural minority. Research on CODAs is scarce, and little is known about their lived experience and how they view their identity, especially in a United Kingdom (UK) context. The current study aimed to break free from traditional research and instead adopted a participatory research (PR) approach, which aims to hand over the power to those closest to the matter. Consequently, two enthusiastic and driven female CODAs, aged 19 and 20, adopted the roles of co-researcher and participant. The co-researchers’ aims were both exploratory and emancipatory as they were interested in exploring how the experiences of CODAs shaped their identity and gaining an understanding of what support is currently available for CODA families and what can be modified. The data was collected using virtual semi-structured interviews, artefacts, and diary entries. The data was analysed using an interpretative phenomenological (IPA) approach. The IPA process encouraged the co-researchers to explore their individual views first before identifying four general experiential themes: increased responsibility, the importance of being part of a CODA community, being empowered by your CODA identity, and supporting CODAs. The findings were discussed in relation to the critical theory, social identity theory, and intersectionality theory, which underpin the current research. The PR findings have implications for educational psychologists and school practitioners in supporting CODA families and making them feel included, with a particular focus on deaf parents. There is a need for future PR in the UK that focuses on empowering diverse groups of CODAs aged 18 and under.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic properties of composite cemented clay.

In this work, the dynamic properties of composite cemented clay under a wide range of strains were studied considering the effect of different mixing ratio and the change of confining pressures through dynamic triaxial test. A simple and practical method to estimate the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio is proposed in this paper and a related empirical normalized formula is also presented. The results provide useful guidelines for preliminary estimation of cement requirements to improve the dynamic properties of clays.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrated Effects of Cross-Media Advertising in N-Screen Environment: With Emphasis on Advertising Engagement Effect

본 연구의 주 목적은 온라인 및 모바일 동영상 광고의 비중이 점차 증가하고 있는 상황에서 온라인 및 모바일을 결합한 크로스미디어 광고캠페인의 통합 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구는 온라인과 모바일을 동시에 활용하여 크로스미디어 광고캠페인을 집행하였을 경우와 온라인 혹은 모바일 단일 매체만을 활용하여 광고캠페인을 집행하였을 경우 인게이지먼트(광고시청완료율과 클릭완성률)의 차이를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구는 국내 주요 동영상 미디어렙사들의 협조를 얻어 지난 3년 간 실제 온라인과 모바일을 통해 집행된 총 659개의 동영상 광고캠페인들로부터 광고시청완료율(VTR)과 클릭완성률(CTR) 자료를 수집하였으며, 온라인과 모바일을 결합한 크로스미디어 광고캠페인의 통합 효과를 변량분석을 통해 검증하였다. 연구 결과 온라인과 모바일 결합 매체를 활용한 광고캠페인의 광고시청완료율(VTR)이 온라인 혹은 모바일 단일 매체를 활용한 광고캠페인의 경우보다 광고시청완료율(VTR)이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온라인/모바일 결합 매체와 모바일 단일매체 간의 광고시청완료율(VTR)의 차이는 제품관여도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나. 온라인/모바일 결합 매체와 모바일 단일매체 간의 클릭완성률(CTR)의 차이는 제품관여도의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 광고시청완료율(VTR)을 일차적 목표로 하는 온라인 광고캠페인의 경우 온라인과 모바일 동영상 광고를 결합한 크로스미디어 광고캠페인이 효과적이라는 것을 시사한다.

Topic: Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigation of effects of 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields on operant and social behavior and on the neuroendocrine system of nonhuman primates

A cohort of sixteen male baboons were assigned to electric and magnetic field (E/MF) exposure and sham-exposure. The social behavior subjects were simultaneously exposed to 60 Hz E/MF. Ten behavioral categories were measured. Each behavioral category was comprised of multiple molecular behaviors that could be objectively identified and counted. Six of the behavior categories were social'', in that interactions between subjected were involved. The remaining four were non-social'' and pertained to individual behaviors such as movements or postural stances.

Topic: Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Disordering the Market: The Liberalisation of Burley Tobacco in Malawi in the 1990s

The Malawian tobacco sector has changed considerably in the past decade: the production and marketing of burley tobacco had previously been highly regulated and is now liberalised. The sociological perspective from which this article approaches economic life sees no inherent contradiction between market and regulation: markets are seen as socially constructed, and within regulated systems there can be elements of competition. Elements of regulation are thus brought to light that have not received attention before and it is argued that, while the exclusion and exploitation of smallholders have rightly been stressed, the benefits of regulation for the long-term viability of the sector have been overlooked. From this long-term perspective, it is irrelevant whether burley is grown by smallholders or on large estates. The article describes the policy environment in which liberalisation took place; analyses the role of the tobacco sector in the Malawian economy; describes the evolution of the institutional structure of the industry up to liberalisation; points out the strains and stresses in the regulatory system on the eve of liberalisation; describes the unexpected consequences that arose after liberalisation; places the changes in the industry against the background of international tobacco marketing; and, finally, analyses the gradual and regulated smallholder involvement in the production and marketing of burley through clubs before liberalisation. It is shown that regulation is not intrinsically detrimental to the smallholder. The conclusion places the case in a wider debate on state and economy in Africa. State regulation is not necessarily antagonistic to the emergence of viable economic sectors, and neither is the supposedly free play of market forces intrinsically conducive to the interests of the producer.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Distribution of an Endemic Endangered Cyprinid Anaecypris hispanica in Extremadura Region (Southwestern Spain)

The Iberian minnowcarp Anaecypris hispanica is one of the most endangered Iberian cyprinids, endemic to Guadiana and Bembezar river basins. Autochthonous fish populations are decreasing mainly due to habitat degradation, water quality decrease, and allochthonous species proliferation, especially in Guadiana's main rivers, so a monitoring program was started in temporary rivers in 2010. This temporary river monitoring program became more important in the following years, as several Anaecypris locations, some supposed to be extinguished, were found. Monitoring was carried out from 2010 to 2021 combining electrofishing and hand nets. Hand nets were extremely efficient in summer, when the species concentrates in summer ponds during the drought period. Anaecypris was found in twenty-three rivers, twenty one in Guadiana river basin and two in Bembézar river basin. Three of these rivers—Alcazaba, Lobo, and Pedruégano—are new locations for science. Although Anaecypris has a large distribution area, with localizations scattered all over Extremadura, populations are highly fragmented and, in some cases, reduced to one summer pond or summer refugee. The best populations are in Guadámez, Guadalemar, and Sotillo river basins, with higher fish densities and good habitat conditions. Other rivers have also high A. hispanica densities but are in danger because of pollution, habitat degradation, drought, water abstraction in summer ponds, and the continuous spread of allochthonous fishes. During the study period, two river populations have probably disappeared, Arroyoculebras due to pollution and habitat degradation and Alcorneo due to severe summer drought. This information has been used as a basis for the Anaecypris hispanica conservation plan in Extremadura. Conservation measures such as establishing appropriate conservation areas, under Natura 2000 network, summer ponds strict protection, habitat restoration, and allochthonous fish control, not only in the rivers with A. hipanica but in its whole drainage area, as well as captive breeding of the most sensible populations, are conservation measures that should be taken in the short term to reduce population extinction risks.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heart rate variability patterns in ischemic episodes

Presents the results of the study carried out on a group of patients with ischemic episodes by way of the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV). These results show the existence of determined HRV patterns associated with different types of ischemic episodes, which makes possible the use of this technique for the monitoring of myocardial ischemia. A methodology of heart rate signal processing has been used which is especially indicated for the study of short duration phenomena, such as ischemic episodes.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Management of extensive avulsion injury of the hand].

The case of a 25 years old industrial worker is reported, who suffered an extensive avulsion of his left hand in a rubber roller injury. The middle and ring fingers hand to be amputated. The skin loss was covered simultaneously by an axillary pedicled flap for the thumb, two pedicle flaps from the upper arm for the index and small fingers and split thickness skin grafts for the dorsum of the hand. In a second stage, sensation of the tips of thumb and index finger was restored by two innervated full thickness skin grafts from the dorsum of the foot.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Precalculated PlantiSMASH results for "Discovery and biosynthesis of cyclic plant peptides via autocatalytic cyclases"

Precalculated PlantiSMASH results for "Discovery and biosynthesis of cyclic plant peptides via autocatalytic cyclases"

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Integration and Citizenship: An Essay

Integration and citizenship questions concern immigrants in Europe. These questions are difficult to address because of the different histories and settlement patterns of immigrants in receiving societies. The European dimension has introduced new values in integration and citizenship policies. One change is the revision of nationality laws in the 1990s to take account of the long-term presence of immigrants. However, an important gap persists between admission policies, which are governed by regional agreements, and integration and citizenship policies, which are subject to national or state laws. New trends and new mobilities present further challenge in how to reconcile admission and integration policies.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Multi-Component Program on Promoting Safety of Hospitalized Children

Background: The role of family caregivers in the promotion of safety for hospitalized children is an important issue in the area of safety improvement. However, there are limited studies related to innovative programs.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-component program on family caregiver’s knowledge and engagement in promoting safety.Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed on 160 female family caregivers in two pediatric wards of two public hospitals in Thailand, in 2019. Participants were assigned into two groups of intervention (n=80) and control (n=80) through consecutive sampling. The program was developed based on the standardized guidelines of child patient safety. Participants were educated and trained. The participants’ knowledge and engagement were measured using validated questionnaires. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for some possible confounders, was performed to examine the effect of intervention.Results: Family caregivers gained more knowledge after the implementation of the Multi-Component Program. They noticed if something was wrong and checked the administration of medication by nurses after the intervention. Engagement in promoting safety was enhanced in each domain. Mean±SD scores of three dimensions of Multi-Component Program including advocate to ask, report and response, and dimension monitoring were obtained at 4.61±0.26, 4.48±0.19, and 4.76±0.25, respectively. Moreover, the groups’ post-test scores of knowledge and engagement were significantly different (P<0.001) after adjusting the length of stay.Implications for Practice: The Leaflet, Poster, Talking, Video, and SMS program can enhance a family caregiver’s ability to take responsibility for children. The findings indicated the possible range of safety behaviors that family caregivers can perform during the childcare process. Healthcare providers should adopt this program as a part of child safety promotion in hospital settings.

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Becoming a man

This article, which draws on fieldwork with a community of leprosy-affected people in south India, explores the contrasting ways in which ideas about social completeness might be invoked in different contexts. Following an overview of how notions of ‘personhood’ and ‘adulthood’ in India have thus far been theorised, I go on to examine how my informants managed to construct their identities as ‘children’ in relation to foreign donors, without simultaneously surrendering claims to adult status. Since relationships with various categories of outsiders were only one set of routes through which my informants constituted themselves, the second half of the article focuses on the generational demarcations between the leprosy-affected people who founded the community, and their healthy sons. Ethnographic examples illustrate how there are different ways of becoming a man and an adult, but also that these different ways draw on shared Indian idioms of what it is to be a complete person.

Topic: Anthropological Studies and Insights
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Machine learning driven landslide susceptibility prediction for the Uttarkashi region of Uttarakhand in India

A landslip is derived from nature and sometimes caused by human activities that endanger humanity and habitation. This work focuses on landslide behaviour for sustainable landslide mitigation and susceptibility analysis. The current research aims to evaluate three state-of-the-art machine learning techniques including, Random Forest (RF), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), and Bayesian Network (BN), to predict the landslide susceptibility for the Uttarakashi district, Uttarakhand (India). For this purpose, a total of 554 landslide locations and eleven influencing factors were integrated to construct a landslide susceptibility map. The landslide inventory data were separated into training and testing sets. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with other statistical metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, and accuracy, was applied to compare the performance of machine learning techniques. The results indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) value for the RF model (AUC=0.89) is high.Furthermore, our findings showed that the RF model performs the best among all the other models with the highest training and testing accuracy, 96% and 86%, respectively. The final landslide susceptibility map is grouped into three classes, i.e. Low, Moderate, and High. The study outcome would provide support to disaster management officials in effective decision-making to prioritise necessary actions.

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences