jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The current infection with <scp><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></scp> and association with upper gastrointestinal lesions and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer: Insights from multicenter population‐based cohort study

Abstract The relationship between Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers is complex. This multicenter, population‐based cohort study conducted in seven areas in China aimed to assess the correlation between current H. pylori infection and the severity of UGI lesions, as well as its association with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC). From 2015 to 2017, 27,085 participants (aged 40–69) completed a standardized questionnaire, and underwent a 13 C‐urea breath test. Then a subset underwent UGI endoscopy to assess the UGI lesion detection rates. All individuals were followed up until December 2021 to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for UGI cancers. H. pylori infection prevalence was 45.9%, and among endoscopy participants, 22.2% had gastric lesions, 19.2% had esophageal lesions. Higher detection rates of gastric lesions were noted in the H. pylori ‐positive population across all lesion severity levels. Over a median follow‐up of 6.3 years, 104 EC and 179 GC cases were observed, including 103 non‐cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) cases and 76 cardia gastric cancer (CGC) cases. H. pylori ‐infected individuals exhibited a 1.78‐fold increased risk of GC (HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–2.40) but no significant increase in EC risk (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.73–1.57). Notably, there was a higher risk for both NCGC and CGC in H. pylori ‐infected individuals. This population‐based cohort study provides valuable evidence supporting the association between current H. pylori infection and the risk of both NCGC and CGC. These findings contribute to the empirical basis for risk stratification and recommendations for UGI cancer screening.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nitrogen-Doped\nYolk–Shell-Structured CoSe/C Dodecahedra for High-Performance\nSodium Ion Batteries

In this work, nitrogen-doped,\nyolk–shell-structured CoSe/C mesoporous dodecahedra are successfully\nprepared by using cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks (ZIF-67)\nas sacrificial templates. The CoSe nanoparticles are in situ produced\nby reacting the cobalt species in the metal–organic frameworks\nwith selenium (Se) powder, and the organic species are simultaneously\nconverted into nitrogen-doped carbon material in an inert atmosphere\nat temperatures between 700 and 900 °C for 4 h. For the composite\nsynthesized at 800 °C, the carbon framework has a relatively\nhigher extent of graphitization, with high nitrogen content (17.65%).\nFurthermore, the CoSe nanoparticles, with a size of around 15 nm,\nare coherently confined in the mesoporous carbon framework. When evaluated\nas novel anode materials for sodium ion batteries, the CoSe/C composites\nexhibit high capacity and superior rate capability. The composite\nelectrode delivers the specific capacities of 597.2 and 361.9 mA h\ng&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; at 0.2 and 16 A g&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pregnancy Rates in Sequential In Vitro Fertilization Cycles by Oocyte Donors

In Brief Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles from individual oocyte donors who underwent multiple sequential donations. Methods We reviewed clinical outcome data from sequential anonymous oocyte donation cycles using donors who underwent multiple IVF stimulations. Donors were grouped by the interval between cycles and the cycle number (rank). The primary outcome measure was delivery rate by individual donor per retrieval from the combined derivative fresh and frozen embryo transfers. Results Duration and amount of gonadotropin therapy and the fertilization rates did not correlate significantly with the interval between cycles or cycle rank. Cumulative delivered pregnancy rates for cycles 1–6 were 51.5%, 54.6%, 50.5%, 51.5%, 51.1%, and 57.6%, respectively. Delivered pregnancy rates did not vary by interval between cycles. Conclusion Young healthy presumed or proven fertile women can reliably donate oocytes for at least six cycles with the expectation of consistently high pregnancy rates. Individual oocyte donors undergoing multiple sequential in vitro fertilization cycles maintain high delivered pregnancy rates in recipients.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
"My Hurts": Hospitalized Young Children's Perceptions of Acute Pain

A qualitative method was used to study hospitalized young children's perceptions of their pain experiences. Participating were 11 children (ages 2 1/2 to 6 1/2 years) who had received surgical intervention. Participant observation and interviews were used to study the children's pain experiences. Each child also participated in a formal interview that combined play or drawing with a semistructured interview format. Data analysis occurred concurrently with data collection, consistent with the grounded theory technique. Findings revealed that the children experienced many different types of pain, which they defined as "my hurts." Their hurts were all perceived as "bad." Preferred care practices were also identified. Information from this investigation will help sensitize professionals to how to better care for young children in pain.

Topic: Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Absolute risk of tuberculosis among untreated populations with a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Absolute risk of tuberculosis among untreated populations with a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
John Coltrane and black America's quest for freedom: spirituality and the music

FOREWORD BY T.J. ANDERSON PREFACE BY LEONARD BROWN 1. You Have To Be Invited - Leonard Brown 2. In His Own Words - Leonard Brown 3. John Coltrane and the Practice of Freedom - Herman Gray 4. John Coltrane As the Personification of Spirituality In Black Music - Anthony Brown 5. Freedom Is A Constant Struggle: Alice Coltrane and the Redefining of the Jazz Avante Garde - Tammy Kernodle 6. When Bar Walkers Preach: John Coltrane and The Crisis of the Black Intellectual - Tommy Lee Lott 7. Don't Let the Devil (Make You) Lose Your Joy: A Look at Late Coltrane - Salim Washington 8. The Spiritual Ethos in Black Music and its Quintessential Exemplar, John Coltrane - Emmett G. Price III 9. Somebody Please Say, Amen! - Eric Jackson 10. . Masters on A Master Introduction: Anthony Brown's and Leonard Brown's Interviews with Olly Wilson, Yusef Lateef and Billy Taylor 11. Conversation with Olly Wilson 12. . Conversation with Yusef Lateef 13. Conversation with Billy Taylor 14. Coda: George Allen Russell on John Coltrane's Legacy

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability of auditory discrimination and novelty processing in physiological aging.

Complex higher-order cognitive functions and their possible changes with aging are mandatory objectives of cognitive neuroscience. Event-related potentials (ERPs) allow investigators to probe the earliest stages of information processing. N100, Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are auditory ERP components that reflect automatic sensory discrimination. The aim of the present study was to determine if N100, MMN and P3a parameters are stable in healthy aged subjects, compared to those of normal young adults. Normal young adults and older participants were assessed using standardized cognitive functional instruments and their ERPs were obtained with an auditory stimulation at two different interstimulus intervals, during a passive paradigm. All individuals were within the normal range on cognitive tests. No significant differences were found for any ERP parameters obtained from the two age groups. This study shows that aging is characterized by a stability of the auditory discrimination and novelty processing. This is important for the arrangement of normative for the detection of subtle preclinical changes due to abnormal brain aging.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[EFFECT OF LIQUID PROBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN VITRO].

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) culture isolated from the sputum of 25 patients was experimentally studied. The probiotics were tested for their bacterium-neutralizing effect on a dense Luwenstein-Jensen medium, by using the absolute concentration method. The nature of their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects was assessed from the presence and intensity of MBT growth on day 21 after inoculation. In most cases, the probiotics exerted an inhibitory effect on MBT growth. The latter was completely or partially suppressed by Trilact in 96% of cases (baseline concentration) and in 80% (1:40 dilution), Bifidum 791 BAG in 92% (baseline concentration) and 84% (1:40 dilution), Biovestin in 76% (baseline concentration) and in 88% (1: 40 dilution), and Biovestin-lacto in 88% (baseline concentration and 1: 40 dilution). Thus, the liquid probiotics have a target antagonistic effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro, which opens up possibilities for their further study in an effort to use these agents in the complex tuberculosis therapy aimed at enhancing the efficiency of its treatment.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiple personality disorder: scientific and medicolegal issues.

Despite the intense study it has received since its inclusion in DSM-III, multiple personality disorder (MPD) largely remains an unvalidated construct. Definitional problems remain (there is not even agreement in the field as to whether a diagnosis of MPD truly means the existence of more than one personality), while the vagueness and liberality of existing criteria give the clinician little guidance in diagnosis. In forensic settings, diagnosis of MPD is even more problematic, since there is substantial evidence that the disorder cannot currently be phenomenologically distinguished from malingering. It also remains to be demonstrated that evaluators can determine whether alter personalities, if they exist, are truly unaware of each other, lack control over other alters' behavior, or are unable to know right from wrong.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CYSTIC HYGROMA AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: ABOUT A CASE

The cystic hygroma is the malformation of the lymphatic system that is most frequently observed in the prenatal period and is located mainly in the neck and/or the nape of the neck. Its detection rate has increased since the implementation of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester of pregnancy and its presence has been associated with congenital abnormalities, aneuploidies, pregnancy loss, and developmental disorders. The aim of this case is to highlight the importance of antenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma in order to perform early intervention and avoid fetal death. It is received, for anatomopathological study, a fetus of undetermined sex product of the first pregnancy of a 19 year-old mother without previous prenatal controls, with the presence of a large cystic mass that extends from the face to the neck. The histological study confirms the diagnosis of cystic hygroma. As there was no karyotype analysis, it was not possible to establish the preexistence of any genetic abnormality. Also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a benign vascular tumor whose antenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is essential in the evolution and prognosis of the disease. Unfortunately in our case, the lack of prenatal controls and the absence of ultrasonographic studies that would allow knowing the characteristics of this lymphangioma, could significantly impact in the fatal outcome. Key words: lymphangioma; prenatal diagnosis; fetal nuchal translucency.

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mirror neurons in the tree of life: mosaic evolution, plasticity and exaptation of sensorimotor matching responses

ABSTRACT Considering the properties of mirror neurons ( MNs ) in terms of development and phylogeny, we offer a novel, unifying, and testable account of their evolution according to the available data and try to unify apparently discordant research, including the plasticity of MNs during development, their adaptive value and their phylogenetic relationships and continuity. We hypothesize that the MN system reflects a set of interrelated traits, each with an independent natural history due to unique selective pressures, and propose that there are at least three evolutionarily significant trends that gave raise to three subtypes: hand visuomotor, mouth visuomotor, and audio–vocal. Specifically, we put forward a mosaic evolution hypothesis, which posits that different types of MNs may have evolved at different rates within and among species. This evolutionary hypothesis represents an alternative to both adaptationist and associative models. Finally, the review offers a strong heuristic potential in predicting the circumstances under which specific variations and properties of MNs are expected. Such predictive value is critical to test new hypotheses about MN activity and its plastic changes, depending on the species, the neuroanatomical substrates, and the ecological niche.

Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic sodium imaging at ultra-high field reveals progression in a preclinical migraine model

Abstract Under the hypothesis that increased extracellular sodium induces sustained neuronal excitability with the onset and progression of migraine, this study evaluates dynamic in vivo 23 Na fluxes in the brain of a preclinical rodent analogue of migraine. Ultra-high field 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 21.1 T has demonstrated potential to quantify sodium concentrations with good spatial and temporal resolution after the onset of central sensitization. Sprague-Dawley male rats with implanted intraperitoneal lines were studied by MRI before and after an in situ injection of 10 mg/kg of nitroglycerin (NTG) vs vehicle and saline controls. Slice-selective 23 Na images were acquired using a multislice free induction decay–based chemical shift imaging sequence with resolution of 1.1 × 1.1 × 3 mm for a 9-minute acquisition. A total of 27 repeated scans were acquired over 1 hour of baseline scanning and longitudinally up to 3 hours after injection. Increases of 23 Na MRI signal in the brainstem, extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid, and cisterna magna were evident almost immediately after NTG injection, gaining significance from controls in 36 minutes. The cerebellum and third ventricle also showed sustained trends of increased 23 Na, with the former gaining significance at over 2 hours after NTG injection. The data provide evidence of an early change in sodium concentration, markedly in posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid and brainstem regions. Further study of fluctuations of sodium concentration and their modulation with treatments could help understand the dynamic features of migraine, locate a putative migraine generator, and guide development of therapeutic measures to correct the disturbance of sodium homeostasis.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study on Waterway Traffic Risk Assessment and Countermeasure of Guangxi Reservoir Area

Through investigation of the reservoir area in Guangxi Province and the definition of key risk factors (such as human, ship, environment, and management), this paper evaluates the waterway traffic safety status by using the pressure - state - response (PSR) evaluation theory combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method and linear quadratic evaluation function. Finally, some long-term safety supervision mechanisms of waterway traffic have been proposed with respect to the characteristics of the reservoir and key risk sources.

Topic: Evaluation Methods in Various Fields
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and infertility: Results from NHANES 2013 to 2020

Female infertility is a significant problem for women of reproductive age worldwide. Obesity has been proven to pose a danger for infertility in women. Weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) is a recently created biomarker of obesity, and this research aims to explore the relationship between female infertility and WWI. Data for this investigation were gathered from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, interaction testing, and smoothed curve fitting to investigate the relationship between infertility and WWI. A total of 6333 women were included and 708 (11.18%) had infertility. It was discovered that women with higher WWI had increased probabilities of infertility (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.42–2.59) adjusting for confounders. In addition, WWI was linked to increased chances of infertility in women aged 28 to 36 years (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.97). According to the results of this cross-sectional survey, WWI is positively associated with infertility among adult females in the U.S. And it can help identify infertile women and may help reduce the risk of infertility.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Symmetries of differential equations. II

The importance of the non-pointlike transformations of symmetry is vindicated in relation with the first integrals. A new first integral of a broad class of systems of second order differential equations is obtained out of a symmetry of them without having to impose the restriction that the system be equivalent to a Lagrangian system. The existence of a reciprocal relationship among the local infinitesimal symmetries (l.i.s.) of a Newtonian system of differential equations and the pseudosymmetries of the associated dynamical system is proved. Several applications are developed, and some open problems concerning the dynamical systems of constant divergence are proposed.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Total Synthesis of 3‐<i>O</i>‐Benzyl‐1,3,5‐tri‐<i>epi</i>‐calystegine B<sub>2</sub> from <scp>L</scp>‐Sorbose

Abstract The well known 2,3:4,6‐di‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐α‐ L ‐sorbofuranose ( 12 ) was chosen as starting material for the synthesis of (1 S ,4 R ,5 S ,6 S ,7 S )‐4‐amino‐6‐benzyloxy‐1,7‐isopropylidenedioxy‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ( 33 ) and (1 S ,4 S ,5 S ,6 S ,7 S )‐4‐amino‐6‐benzyloxy‐1,7‐isopropylidenedioxy‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ( 34 ) through carbon chain‐lengthening at C‐1 and C‐6 by Wittig and magnesium‐mediated alkylation methodology, respectively, followed by ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM). These promising oxabicyclic compounds were key intermediates for the preparation of the polyhydroxylated nor ‐tropane alkaloid 1,3,5‐tri‐ epi ‐calystegine B 2 ( 10 ) as its 3‐ O ‐benzyl derivative 35 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Young children's post tantrum affiliation with their parents

In our database of 331 parental narratives of tantrums had by children 18–60 months old, 29% of the tantrums were followed by child-initiated affiliation with parents. Four variables increased the probability of children's post tantrum affiliation (PTA): age, prolonged screaming, physiological stress, and parent-initiated separation from the child during the tantrum. The age effect may be due to increasing post tantrum persistence of negative affect, to the emergence of shame, guilt, and embarrassment over this developmental period, and/or to increasing cognitive ability, empathic capacity, or socialization. Screaming, which may be analogous to the defensive vocalizations of nonhuman primates, increases PTA when prolonged for 6 min or more. Physiological stress (indicated by autonomic activation or respiratory distress) appears linked to prolonged screaming and may mediate its effects by increasing the child's dysphoria and need for consolation. Separation (parents' departure from the scene of the tantrum or their imposition of a time out) also appears linked to prolonged screaming and may reflect parents' response to an aversive auditory stimulus. There was no evidence that PTA was associated with the presence or degree of physically expressed anger in the tantrum. PTA may be associated with distress during the tantrum. The post conflict reconciliation which occurs in several domains of human social life may be first experienced by children in the aftermath of their tantrums. Aggr. Behav. 23:329–341, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
STABILITY STUDIES OF THE EASTERN SLOPES OF AFŞİN-ELBİSTAN, KIŞLAKÖY OPEN-PIT LIGNITE MINE (KAHRAMANMARAŞ, SE TURKEY), USING THE 'FINITE ELEMENTS' AND 'LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM' METHODS

In open pit mining from the safety point of view it is very important that physical and mechanicalcharacteristics of the dug-out materials are carefully studied, and geological and geotechnicalcharacteristics should also be considered in planning bench slopes of the dug-out materials. Thepurpose of this study is to work out the stable slope geometry of the eastern permanent slopes inthe Kıﬂlaköy open pit lignite mine of the Afﬂin-Elbistan Linyit ‹ﬂletmesi. In the Kıﬂlaköy open pitmine, 35 geotechnical drillings totalling 3393.20 m were made for the geotechnical studies andto work out slope sizing. A total of 250 vertical electrical drillings (DES) were also made to studytectonic features and lithological changes which do not have surface expressions. All these datahave been used in this study. Design analyses showed that black coloured clay bands with highplasticity present in between lignite horizon is the most important unit controlling slope stability.Slope stability analyses have in general been conducted using the ‘finite elements’ and the ‘limitequilibrium’ method to suit block sliding model and to suit different groundwater conditions. Inthe analyses for the stresses affecting the slices; central part of the slice has been taken as a baseand the ‘finite elements’ stability studies have been conducted then the findings have beencompared. According to this it is understood that if stresses affecting the slices are conducted bythe ‘finite elements’ method then calculated factor of safety on the bench base would be morefrom 1% to 7%, and in the slope angles it would be more from 1% to 23%.1. Giriﬂ

Topic: Tunneling and Rock Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences