jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ship resistance in random ice field of small ice floes made of the substitute material

ObjectivesThis study focuses on the feasibility of a ship resistance model test in an ice field of small ice floes made of substitute material in order to reveal the resistance components and thereby provide technical support for the design of ice-going ships. MethodsShip resistance test in ice floes made of polypropylene (PP) instead of natural refrigerated ice is conducted. By adjusting the sizes, shapes, numbers of ice floes, the random ice field with a given concentration is generated. The geometric phase transition theory predicts that there exists a critical concentration which divides the random ice field into discrete phase (concentration is less than critical value) and connected phase (concentration is greater than critical value).ResultsThe main components of ice resistance in the discrete phase are open water resistance and ship-ice collision resistance, while ice resistance in the connected phase includes ice friction resistance, open water friction resistance and collision resistance. If the fractal dimension of the random ice field is used to redefine the ice resistance coefficient, it is nearly constant in the trial range (speed 0.3–0.9 m/s) when the concentration is smaller than the critical value. When the concentration is greater than the critical value, the ice friction resistance is inversely proportional to speed. ConclusionsPolypropylene can replace frozen ice in the prediction of ice resistance. The pure ice resistance of an ice field is divided into two components: ice resistance arising from collision and ice friction resistance arising from accumulation.

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomics reveals crucial selection for subgynoecy development in chieh-qua

Abstract Chieh-qua is an important cucurbit crop and very popular in South China and Southeast Asia. Despite its significance, its genetic basis and domestication history are unclear. In this study, we have successfully generated a chromosome-level reference genome assembly for the chieh-qua ‘A36’ using a hybrid assembly strategy that combines PacBio long reads and Illumina short reads. The assembled genome of chieh-qua is approximately 953.3 Mb in size and is organized into 12 chromosomes, with contig N50 of 6.9 Mb and scaffold N50 of 68.2 Mb. Notably, the chieh-qua genome is comparable in size to the wax gourd genome. Through gene prediction analysis, we have identified a total of 24 593 protein-coding genes in the A36 genome. Additionally, approximately 56.6% (539.3 Mb) of the chieh-qua genome consists of repetitive sequences. Comparative genome analysis revealed that chieh-qua and wax gourd are closely related, indicating a close evolutionary relationship between the two species. Population genomic analysis, employing 129 chieh-qua accessions and 146 wax gourd accessions, demonstrated that chieh-qua exhibits greater genetic diversity compared to wax gourd. We also employed the GWAS method to identify related QTLs associated with subgynoecy, an interested and important trait in chieh-qua. The MYB59 (BhiCQ0880026447) exhibited relatively high expression levels in the shoot apex of four subgynoecious varieties compared with monoecious varieties. Overall, this research provides insights into the domestication history of chieh-qua and offers valuable genomic resources for further molecular research.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Which one is the real matchmaker for the pair?

A fundamental question for meiosis is how homologous chromosomes (homologs) find each other and pair together to ensure homologous recombination and segregation. Intuitively, the answer to the question is related to the interaction between homologous sequences. However, that is not the whole story according to some studies on the role of cohesins in homolog pairing. The most recent one by Ishiguro et al.1 of the Watanabe group indicates that chromosome architecture defined by a meiosis-specific cohesin protein RAD21L is the key to homology searching. Moreover, they report that homologous pairing is dependent on neither SPO11, an evolutionarily conserved type 2 isomerase responsible for generating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), nor SUN1, which tethers the ends of chromosomes to the nuclear envelop (NE) and facilitates chromosome movement and bouquet formation. These discoveries are quite some surprises!

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>miR-938</i> <i>rs2505901</i> T&gt;C Polymorphism Increases Hirschsprung Disease Risk: A Case–Control Study of Chinese Children

<b>Aim:</b> To explore the association between <i>miR-938</i><i>rs2505901</i> T>C polymorphism and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) risk in Chinese children. <b>Materials & Methods:</b> We conducted a case-control study in a Chinese population with 1381 cases and 1457 controls. The associated correlation strengths were assessed by adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that the <i>rs2505901</i> TC and <i>rs2505901</i> TC/CC genotype were related to an increased HSCR risk compared to the risk contributed by the <i>rs2505901</i> TT genotype. A stratification analysis showed that the <i>rs2505901</i> TC/CC genotype promoted the progression of HSCR more significantly in patients with the short-segment HSCR subtype. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study indicated that <i>miR-938</i><i>rs2505901</i> T>C polymorphism is significantly associated with HSCR risk in Chinese children. This result needs to be confirmed with well-designed studies.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Legacy of Josephus Justus Scaliger in Leiden University Library Catalogues, 1609–1716

The University of Leiden came into existence barely five months after the relief of Leiden from besieging Spanish forces. It was Dousa and Domenicus Baudius, a former student at the university, who suggested that the French humanist Josephus Justus Scaliger be asked to come to Leiden. Except for the Hebrew manuscripts and printed books of the theological plutei, up until 1609, the University Library had only a few 'Eastern' works. The Scaliger legacy therefore, enriched the library with a large collection of non-Western books and manuscripts, along with some Greek and Latin manuscripts and two globes. Scaliger's bequest appears to have set a good example, for later in the seventeenth century, the Oriental books and manuscripts of Levinus Warner were added to the library's collections. Leiden University Library possesses an early inventory of the books and manuscripts from Scaliger's library that was drawn up by his colleague Bonaventura Vulcanius. Keywords: Domenicus Baudius; Hebrew manuscripts; Josephus Justus Scaliger; Latin manuscripts; Leiden University Library; Levinus Warner; Oriental books

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Size dependency and the cloning of the carotenoid synthetic gene clusters.

&lt;p&gt;(A) Shown are the genetic structures of the various carotenoid synthetic gene clusters used in this study. P&lt;sub&gt;T7&lt;/sub&gt; in synthetic gene cluster represent the T7 promoter. P1, P2, and P3 refer to additional promoters. (B) Shown are &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; colonies expressing the various target genes: the 2-kb insert exhibited green fluorescence, while the 4-kb insert produced yellow-pigmented colonies. The 6-kb and 10-kb inserts showed mixed colonies of yellow and red, the colors of β-carotenoid and astaxanthin, respectively. (C) Analysis of the effect of insert size on the cloning efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Therapist schema activation and self-care

The chapter discusses therapists' common schemas and modes and the ways they may hinder the therapy process, relationship and outcome if they remain unacknowledged and untreated. The Detached Protector, for example, can prevent a therapist from being in touch with their own pain and, at the same time, it may not 'allow' the patient's pain to surface and heal. Therapists' schemas and modes are often manifested in training and supervision with similar effect. Illustrations based on the authors' experience as therapists, trainers and supervisors are used to demonstrate potential problems that may arise in the therapy process. The chapter also explores the impact of cultural issues and adverse life circumstances on therapists' schemas and modes. Using specific examples drawn from the authors' cultural backgrounds, the challenge of sameness of cultural influences and life circumstances for the therapeutic dyad is explored. Therapist self-care focuses on enhancing awareness of existing patterns and their impact on the self and the therapy relationship. Ways of healing maladaptive patterns so that the therapists' needs are better met are discussed. Specific suggestions about strategies that therapists can employ are proposed.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
20605 Development of Wearable Training Device with Parallel Link Mechanism

Human arms or legs, by repeating inappropriate motion, even as it little by little, may cause serious disorders. In recent years, wearable motion amplification devices, to support human walk or sports training, are in development. However, these existing devices are only interested hi the large movement of the human body, and these device motions are simply. Therefore these device may cause the above such problems. This paper describes the development of a wearable wrist motion training device using the parallel link mechanism. Training device utilizes a shaft motor as an actuator. Therefore, this device is flexibility like fluid actuator, and can control easily like motor. The adoption of parallel link, it is possible to measure the motion of the wrist. In addition, it is possible to teach the details of articulation motion. In experiments, the teaching training of flexion-extension movement of the wrist joint are carried out using the training device, and has been confirmed that the motion has been properly taught to trainee.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 811873: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Carbon ion radiotherapy for sacral chordoma.

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan has offered carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) since 1994 using carbon ion beams generated by the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of cases treated with the HIMAC exceeded 5000 in July 2009. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of CIRT for sacral chordoma. The study included 95 patients with medically unresectable sacral chordomas treated between 1996 and 2007. The median age of the patients was 66 years. Of all the patients, 84 had not been treated previously and 11 had a locally recurrent tumour following previous resection. The carbon ion dose ranged from 52.8 to 73.6 GyE (median 70.4 GyE) in a total of 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks. The median clinical target volume was 370 cm(3). The overall survival rate at 5 years for all 95 patients was 86%, and follow-up survival time was 42 months (range, 13-112 months). The 5-year local control rate was 88% and median time to local failure was 35 months (range, 13-60 months). Of the 95 patients, 91% remained ambulatory with or without a supportive device. Two patients experienced severe skin or soft tissue complications requiring skin grafts. 15 patients experienced severe sciatic nerve complications requiring continuing medication. CIRT appears effective and safe in the management of patients with sacral chordoma and offers a promising alternative to surgery.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biliary drainage as treatment for allograft steatosis following liver transplantation for <scp>PFIC</scp>‐1 disease: A single‐center experience

Abstract Development of macrovesicular steatosis post– LT in patients with PFIC ‐1 is increasingly being observed, with the etiology not fully understood. We highlight successful and effective EBD for reversal of allograft steatosis in 2 patients with PFIC ‐1 disease and discuss our experience with internal biliary diversion in this patient population.

Topic: Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How can we diagnose coronary heart disease in hypertensive patients?

Chest pain is a common complaint among hypertensive patients. Hypertension and coronary heart disease each may present with symptoms and signs that are clinically indistinguishable. Noninvasive testing by routine exercise stress testing and stress radionuclide angiography are not reliably predictive of ischemia resulting from obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease and should be abandoned for that diagnostic purpose. Noninvasive thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging for this purpose may prove to be a valuable tool, avoiding the risk and expense of coronary arteriography. However, carefully performed prospective studies are not available. Because of the high prevalence of both diseases, a high priority must be given to obtaining these data and evaluating other noninvasive methods (especially positron emission tomography) if they appear promising.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Myth of Entangling Alliances: Reassessing the Security Risks of U.S. Defense Pacts

Abstract A large literature assumes that alliances entangle the United States in military conflicts that it might otherwise avoid. Since 1945, however, there have been only five cases of what might be characterized as U.S. entanglement—the 1954 and 1995–96 Taiwan Strait crises, the Vietnam War, and the interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo in the 1990s—and even these cases are far from clear-cut. U.S. entanglement is rare because the United States, as a superpower with many allies, is capable of exploiting loopholes in alliance agreements, sidestepping commitments that seriously imperil U.S. interests, playing the demands of various allies off of each other, and using alliances to deter adversaries and allies from initiating or escalating conflicts.

Topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Compression-ischemic peroneal neuropathy].

The clinical picture is described of 4 patients with the syndrome of lesion of the peroneal developing during fixation of some physiological postures (squatting position etc.). The pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease are discussed. The authors report a characteristic monotypical clinical symptom complex of compression-ischemic peroneal neuropathy.

Topic: Bone and Joint Diseases
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Providing voice connectivity to rural India using WiMAX

The need of emerging markets telecom, specifically in the Indian telecom scenario, WiMAX is being looked as a broadband access solution ahead of LTE and other competing technologies due its long range and high bandwidth. Voice Over IP (VoIP) will potentially be the killer application for emerging market like India. In this paper we propose a Kiosk based WiMAX infrastructure model to provide voice connectivity to rural Indian villages. In the proposed kiosk model, plain old telephones are connected to a WiMAX subscriber station using Foreign Exchange Subscriber and a Media Gateway. The novelty of the kiosk based infrastructure models is that it has low deployment cost from a service provider perspective, and almost negligible equipment cost for the end user.In order to make the kiosk based model economically sustainable, the number of simultaneous voice calls that can be supported over the WiMAX subscriber stations needs to be maximized. To this end, the paper proposes a Dynamic Frame Profile algorithm to maximize the number of VoIP calls supported over a single subscriber station. A performance evaluation of the the proposed Dynamic Frame Profile algorithm is also carried out to study its effectiveness and reported in this paper.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
How Hypermodern Technology in Social Work Education Bites Back

Abstract This article examines the effect that use of increasingly sophisticated and costly technology is having on social work education. While much of the literature addresses the positive aspects of technology in the profession, the authors consider the negative implications of technology for productivity, program development, and social relationships, to name a few. The authors provide suggestions for maintaining a social work perspective in the face of increased technology usage.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of PDGF, IL-1alpha, and BMP2/4 on corneal fibroblast chemotaxis: expression of the platelet-derived growth factor system in the cornea.

The PDGF growth factor receptor system is expressed in the human cornea. PDGF, BMP2, BMP4, and IL-1alpha may modulate keratocyte chemotaxis and proliferation during homeostasis and wound healing.

Topic: Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Conditions for Equivalency of Countercurrent Vessel Heat Transfer Formulations

Previous models of countercurrent blood vessel heat transfer have used one of two, different, equally valid but previously unreconciled formulations, based either on: (1) the difference between the arterial and venous vessels’ average wall temperatures, or (2) the difference between those vessels’ blood bulk fluid temperatures. This paper shows that these two formulations are only equivalent when the four, previously undefined, “convective heat transfer coefficients” that are used in the bulk temperature difference formulation (two coefficients each for the artery and vein) have very specific, problem-dependent relationships to the standard convective heat transfer coefficients. (The average wall temperature formulation uses those standard coefficients correctly.) The correct values of these bulk temperature difference formulation “convective heat transfer coefficients” are shown to be either: (1) specific functions of (a) the tissue conduction resistances, (b) the standard convective heat transfer coefficients, and (c) the independently specified bulk arterial, bulk venous and tissue temperatures, or (2) arbitrary, user defined values. Thus, they are generally not equivalent to the standard convective heat transfer coefficients that are regularly used, and must change values depending on the blood and tissue temperatures. This dependence can significantly limit the convenience and usefulness of the bulk temperature difference formulations.

Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thyroid Function in Hypophysectomized Mice Bearing Intraocular Pituitary Implants

Intraocular hypophysial transplants in hypophysectomized mice did not maintain body weight or the weights of thyroid, ovaries, adrenals, or uterus significantly above those of hypophysectomized controls. Nevertheless, the implants were able to maintain a radioiodine uptake per unit thyroid weight and a thyroid serum iodide ratio at 2/3 the level of the intact controls. This indicates that thyroid function and thyroid size are not necessarily correlated in the mouse and that the former can be maintained to considerable degree in the absence of the normal hypophysial anatomical relationship.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design, Fabrication, and In Vivo Behavior of Chronic Recording Intracortical Microelectrodes

A platinum-glass microelectrode has been developed that permits chronic recording from single cortical neurons in unrestrained animals and without benefit of external manipulation. Details of fabrication and the surgical technique involved are presented. A discussion of the relevant mechanical considerations is also included. A prime advantage of the method is the ease with which it may be realized in the standard neurophysiologic laboratory.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Does lumbar mobilization help stroke patients to improve functional outcomes?

Stroke survivors often face functional deficits and gait impairments. The current study aimed to observe effects of lumbar mobilization on gait of stroke patients. Quasiinterventional study was conducted on 30 stroke survivors. Sample included either gender with onset of stroke (>03-months), patients with other pathologies were excluded. Gait was assessed using gait dynamic index, timed up and go test; 5-times sit to stand and 10-meter walk test. Three sessions of lumbar mobilization were given to all patients and the data were analyzed on Spss-20. Participants had a mean age of 50±10.66 years. Among stroke survivors 20 (66 . 7%) ha haemorrhagic stroke while 10(33.3%) stroke survivors had ischaemic stroke. After 03 days of intervention significant improvement was recorded in timed up and go test score (p<0.001) 5-times sit to stand (p<0.001) and 10-meter walk test (p<0.001). Dynamic balance and walking also improved as reported by gait dynamic index (p<0.001). The Current study suggested lumbarmobilization to be effective in improving gait in stroke survivors.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences