jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Two modifications of the inertial Tseng extragradient method with self-adaptive step size for solving monotone variational inequality problems

Abstract In this work, we introduce two new inertial-type algorithms for solving variational inequality problems (VIPs) with monotone and Lipschitz continuous mappings in real Hilbert spaces. The first algorithm requires the computation of only one projection onto the feasible set per iteration while the second algorithm needs the computation of only one projection onto a half-space, and prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the monotone mapping is not required in proving the strong convergence theorems for the two algorithms. Under some mild assumptions, we prove strong convergence results for the proposed algorithms to a solution of a VIP. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed algorithms.

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory effect of Psychotria stenocalyx (Rubiaceae)

Anti-inflammatory activity of fractionated extracts of Salvia officinalisValeria Dal Pra, Lais B. Bisol, Suelen Detoni, Marjorie Denti, Jaine Grando, Camila Pollo, Tiago R. Pasquali, Arno Ernesto Hoffmann, Marcio A. Mazutti, Sandra M. D. Macedo

Topic: Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
An investigation to determine the effect of key words in mathematical word problems in two variables on the ability of mathematics students in grade 10 to solve problems

The purpose of this research paper was to determine if the use of key words in mathematical story problems would have an effect on students' ability to solve these problems proficiently. Subjects in the study were enrolled in Grade 10 Advanced Mathematics in the province of Ontario, and the particular students were selected from various public secondary schools in Windsor and the surrounding area. This study sought to answer the following two research questions: (1) Do students who use key words to solve word problems using two variables score higher than students who do not use key words? (2) If so, do students who use key words score higher in the translation of word problems than students who do not use key words? A pre-test was administered to all participating students at the beginning of the study in order to determine whether a statistically significant difference existed between the control and experimental groups. The ANOVA performed on the results of the pre-test indicated no significant difference between the control and experimental groups nor any significant difference as a result of the interaction between the teachers (factor A) and the particular groups (factor B), thus, resulting in no further statistical analysis of the covariant statistic (the pre-test). The study lasted approximately seven school days, each day having a duration of seventy-five minutes. At the end of the study a post-test was administered to all participating students in order to investigate the effect of using key words in the story problems. An ANOVA performed on the post-test yielded a statistically significant result at the 1% level of significance for all three factors: A, B, and AXB. These results indicated that students who had been taught the method of key words performed more poorly on the post-test than students in the control group. Based on the results of this study, the researcher has suggested the following: (1) That more practice in translation of words into mathematical symbols should be utilized before the method of key words is taught to a class of students. (2) The method of key words should be applied at the onset of students' work with story problems.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Marketing of sugar‐sweetened children's drinks and parents' misperceptions about benefits for young children

Abstract Despite expert recommendations, US parents often serve sugar‐sweetened children's drinks, including sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks, to young children. This qualitative research explored parents' understanding of common marketing tactics used to promote these drinks and whether they mislead parents to believe the drinks are healthy and/or necessary for children. We conducted nine focus groups in Washington, DC and Hartford, CT with parents of children (9–36 months) of diverse race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status ( N = 50). Semistructured discussions elicited parents' responses to four concepts designed to correct common misperceptions about toddler milks and sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks (fruit drinks and flavoured waters) by providing information about drink ingredients and potentially misleading marketing tactics. Participants expressed widespread misperceptions about sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks, including perceived healthfulness and benefits for children and confusion between sweetened and unsweetened drink categories (sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks vs. juice, toddler milk vs. infant formula). They confirmed that common marketing strategies contributed to misperceptions, including front‐of‐package claims and marketing messages that imply benefits for children and/or hide problematic ingredients; cross‐branding and product extensions from trusted brands; side‐by‐side shelf placement at retailers; lower price than healthier products; and targeted marketing to children and parents. Some parents expressed anger about deceptive marketing and supported increased regulation and consumer education campaigns. Findings support the need for policies to address potentially misleading marketing of sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks and revealed opportunities to reduce parents' provision of these drinks through countermarketing campaigns communicated via trusted sources.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Oxford Handbook of Hesiod

This volume brings together twenty-nine junior and senior scholars to discuss aspects of Hesiod’s poetry and its milieu and to explore questions of reception over two and half millennia, from shortly after the poems’ conception to Twitter hashtags. Rather than an exhaustive survey of Hesiodic themes, the Handbook is conceived as a guide through terrain, some familiar, other less charted, examining both Hesiodic craft and later engagements with Hesiod’s stories of the gods and moralizing proscriptions of just human behavior. The volume is divided into four sections: “Hesiod in Context,” “Hesiod’s Art,” “Hesiod in the Greco-Roman Period,” and “Hesiod from Byzantium to Modern Times.” Topics of the chapters range from the “Hesiodic question” to the archaeology and economic history of archaic Boiotia, to Hesiod and Indo-European poetics, and from discussions of style to Hesiod’s vision of the supernatural in the Theogony, to questions of performer and audience interactions in the Works and Days. Looking at both poems together, other chapters explore tensions between diachronic and synchronic temporalities and varying portrayals of female figures. Reception studies range from Solon to comic books, with chapters in between on Hesiod and the pre-Socratics, Orphism, archaic art, Pindar, tragedy, comedy, Plato, Hellenistic poetry, Hellenistic philosophy, Virgil and the Georgic tradition, Ovid, Second Sophistic and early Christian authors in the Greco-Roman period, Byzantine and Renaissance writers and editions, Christian humanism and Milton, Enlightenment, Romanticism, and Nietzsche, Freud and structuralism, and contemporary art and literature in postclassical times.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Photothermally triggered melting and perfusion: responsive colloidosomes for cytosolic delivery of membrane-impermeable drugs in tumor therapy

Photothermally triggered cytosolic delivery of membrane-impermeable drugs was achieved by polydopamine nanoparticle-stabilized colloidosomes, paving a new avenue for remotely controlled transportation of drugs through biological membrane barriers.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Digital technology: the effect of connected world to computer ethic and family

The development of digital technology such as smartphones, tablets and other gadgets grows very rapidly in the last decade so does the development of mobile applications for those mobile systems or smartphones. Unfortunately, those applications often do not specify the age range for their users. This is actually a problem in the world of digital technology and software development. It is not yet known whether the applications is good be used for children or not. Nowadays, parents are faced with the dilemma of allowing their children to use these modern gadgets, which often lead to serious addiction or keeping them in the dark and risk raising ignorant kids. This research shows 80% of respondents agree or strongly agree that the gadget will affect to the development of children social skill. Therefore, in this research, the framework for ethical assessment is introduced and it can be applied to digital technology included gadget and its application in order to mitigate the negative effect of digital technology and gadgets.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Differential Expansion Sensitivity Studies During Steam Turbine Startup

In order to improve the startup flexibility of steam turbines, it becomes relevant to analyze their dynamic thermal behavior. In this work, the relative expansion between rotor and casing was studied during cold-start conditions. This is an important property to monitor during startup given that clearances between rotating and stationary components must be controlled in order to avoid rubbing. The investigation was performed using a turbine thermal simplified model from previous work by the authors. The first step during the investigation was to extend and refine the modeling tool in order to include thermomechanical properties. Then, the range of applicability of the model was validated by a twofold comparison with a higher order finite element (FE) numerical model and measured data of a cold start from an installed turbine. Finally, sensitivity studies were conducted with the aim of identifying the modeling assumptions that have the largest influence in capturing the correct thermal behavior of the turbine. It was found that the assumptions for the bearing oil and intercasing cavity temperatures have a large influence ranging between ±25% from the measured values. In addition, the sensitivity studies also involved increasing the initial temperature of the casing in order to reduce the peak of differential expansion. Improvements of up to 30% were accounted to this measure. The studies performed serve as a base toward further understanding the differential expansion during start and establishing future clearance control strategies during turbine transient operation.

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proffitt v. Florida

This chapter examines Xavier Cortada's depiction of Proffitt v. Florida, the 1976 decision that approved Florida's guided discretion statute after Furman v. Georgia had invalidated the death penalty in 1972. Cortada's depiction is a fantastical piece, capturing the horror of death by electrocution set against two columns of ominous looking Roman numerals. The Roman numerals represent the mechanical imposition of death—the formulaic approach to death penalty decision-making that tells sentencers to add the columns of aggravating and mitigating circumstances and see where the balance lies. Cortada resists this approach as obscuring the human element in death penalty decision-making, the awesome responsibility of sitting in judgment over another human being's life. This chapter explores Cortada's key insight, how we numb ourselves with numbers, then turns to the visual inspiration for Cortada's piece—a painting of a screaming pope by Francis Bacon. Bacon's pope was not a comment on the death penalty, but the themes he was exploring—pain, imprisonment, isolation, and obfuscation—are eerily apropos of the death penalty as well. Both works of art are a comment about distortion and both have something important to say about how the law and institutional design work to distort death.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mitigating Unfairness via Evolutionary Multi-objective Ensemble Learning

In the literature of mitigating unfairness in machine learning, many fairness measures are designed to evaluate predictions of learning models and also utilised to guide the training of fair models. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that there exist conflicts and inconsistencies among accuracy and multiple fairness measures. Optimising one or several fairness measures may sacrifice or deteriorate other measures. Two key questions should be considered, how to simultaneously optimise accuracy and multiple fairness measures, and how to optimise all the considered fairness measures more effectively. In this paper, we view the mitigating unfairness problem as a multi-objective learning problem considering the conflicts among fairness measures. A multi-objective evolutionary learning framework is used to simultaneously optimise several metrics (including accuracy and multiple fairness measures) of machine learning models. Then, ensembles are constructed based on the learning models in order to automatically balance different metrics. Empirical results on eight well-known datasets demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art approaches for mitigating unfairness, our proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with better tradeoffs among accuracy and multiple fairness metrics. Furthermore, the high-quality models generated by the framework can be used to construct an ensemble to automatically achieve a better tradeoff among all the considered fairness metrics than other ensemble methods. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/qingquan63/FairEMOL

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Review of Sustainable Cryopreservation and Above-Freezing Storage Solutions of European Honey Bee <i>Apis mellifera</i> Drone Semen

Abstract The European honey bee Apis mellifera is the main pollinator for most crops used for human consumption. However, a number of diseases, parasites, pesticides and other factors that generally result in the widely described colony collapse disorder weakens honey bee colonies. In order to maintain the existing honey bee germ lines and facilitate the creation of new disease-resistant lines, it is necessary to ensure consistent breeding work, which would also allow the long-term preservation of the unique germplasm lines. One of the most promising solutions for the preservation of honey bee germplasm is the storage of honey bee drone semen. In recent decades, there has been a renewed interest in the preservation of honey bee drone semen using both cryopreservation and above-freezing storage methods. This review summarizes the latest developments in novel sperm storage technologies and their assessment by sperm quality and queen fertility indicators. Additionally, this article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed solutions and outlines directions in which additional research would be needed to develop effective, available and affordable drone semen storage solutions. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first review of cryopreservation and above-freezing storage solutions of European honey bee Apis mellifera drone semen in the scientific literature.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Power Tilt Analysis of Solutions obtained from Multi-objective Optimization of Amplifier Adaptive Control of Operating Point

The definition of the operating point for an optical amplifier is a problem that needs to deal with the characteristics of the amplifier and to return a solution that reaches the best quality of transmission (QoT) for the involved optical link. The definition of the gain needs to be performed autonomously, especially in dynamic optical networks. This problem is called the adaptive control of optical amplifiers operating point (ACOP). One of the most recent ACOP proposal showed that the inclusion of a variable optical attenuator (VOA) in the amplifier output can help to achieve solutions that minimize both the linear and nonlinear interferences in the optical signal. This approach uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm that defines the amplifier gains and VOA losses aiming to maximize the minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and minimize the OSNR ripple. Nevertheless, another essential aspect for the QoT in the optical system is the signal power tilt, and this metric was not considered in any of the previous ACOP approaches. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the solutions returned by the most recent ACOP approaches to investigate the performance of these solutions concerning the signal power tilt. The obtained results show that solutions with high OSNR and low OSNR ripple can have high power tilt, which indicates that this last metric should be considered in the ACOP approaches.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of different long-term storage with rice bran-CaC03 of aerobic thermolignocellulolytic inoculums on fiber compound content of fermented rice straw

One of die obstacles in die development, of livestock business is the problem in feed availability either for its quality, quantity, continuity, and also its competitiveness to food needs for human. One of alternatives to solve the problem is by utilizing the agricultural waste that is available throughout the year. The use of rice straw as feed alternative by adding microbe to improve the nutrition value has been widely performed. The addition of microbe to the rice bran-CaC03 as carrier that is further known as inoculum aims to change the physical structure of rice straw with delignification enzyme by degrading the lignocellulose. a fiber component that interfere the digestion.

Topic: Biofuel production and bioconversion
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Construction of Near-Infrared Probes with Remarkable Large Stokes Shift Based on a Novel Purine Platform for the Visualization of mtG4 Upregulation during Mitochondrial Disorder in Somatic Cells and Human Sperms

G-quadruplex structures within the nuclear genome (nG4) is an important regulatory factor, while the function of G4 in the mitochondrial genome (mtG4) still needs to be explored, especially in human sperms. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function, it is crucial to develop excellent probes that can selectively visualize and track mtG4 in both somatic cells and sperms. Herein, based on our previous research on purine frameworks, we attempted for the first time to extend the conjugated structure from the C-8 site of purine skeleton and discovered that the purine derivative modified by the C-8 aldehyde group is an ideal platform for constructing near-infrared probes with extremely large Stokes shift (>220 nm). Compared with the compound substituted with methylpyridine (PAP), the molecule substituted with methylthiazole orange (<b>PATO</b>) showed better G4 recognition ability, including longer emission (∼720 nm), more significant fluorescent enhancement (∼67-fold), lower background, and excellent photostability. <b>PATO</b> exhibited a sensitive response to mtG4 variation in both somatic cells and human sperms. Most importantly, <b>PATO</b> helped us to discover that mtG4 was significantly increased in cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain damage caused by complex I inhibitors (6-OHDA and rotenone), as well as in human sperms that suffer from oxidative stress. Altogether, our study not only provides a novel ideal molecular platform for constructing high-performance probes but also develops an effective tool for studying the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function in both somatic cells and human sperms.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Radiocarbon in the Environment

Prior to 1950 the worldwide inventory of 14C was 2.2 X 1030 atoms. Nuclear tests added an additional 6 X 102814C atoms to the atmosphere. This had a dramatic effect: for a time the 14C concentrations of the troposphere at mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere were double their pre-1950 levels. The decline of the 14C levels of the atmosphere, owing to atmospheric mixing and exchange of CO2 with the sea, has given valuable insight into both of these processes. The 14C levels in the oceans are increasing as a result of this exchange. This increase should prove valuable as a tracer in oceanography. Other potential applications of the increase of 14C in the atmosphere and the sea are discussed.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Systematic prediction of new inorganic ferroelectrics in point group 4

The latest release of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database contains a total of 87 entries corresponding to 70 different materials in point group 4. The structures reported for 11 materials in space group P 4 satisfy the criteria for ferroelectricity, as do four in P 4 1 , one each in P 4 2 and P 4 3 , 12 in I 4, including seven that form three families, and another three in I 4 1 . Three previously known ferroelectrics were also listed in I 4 and one in I 4 1 . In addition, the listing for point group 4 contains 22 entries for nonferroelectric materials and three with misassigned space groups. Among the newly predicted ferroelectrics in point group 4, assuming the validity of the underlying structural reports, are Ce 5 B 2 C 6 , modulated NbTe 4 , Na 3 Nb 12 O 31 F, Ca 2 FeO 3 Cl, K 4 CuV 5 O 15 Cl, TlBO 2 , CrOF 3 , PbTeO 3 , VO(HPO 3 )(H 2 O).3H 2 O, MgB 2 O(OH) 6 , β-tetragonal boron, CuBi 2 O 4 , WOBr 4 , Na 8 PtO 6 , SbF 2 Cl 3 , Ba 1.2 Ti 8 O 16 , Ni[SC(NH 2 ) 2 ] 4 Cl 2 , Ca 2 SiO 3 Cl 2 , the mineral caratiite, NbAs, β-NbO 2 and Ag 3 BiO 3 .

Topic: Crystal Structures and Properties
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences