jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
David Underdown, Royalist Conspirators and the Character of English Politics

Abstract This article discusses David Underdown's first major publication, Royalist Conspiracy in England, 1649–60 (1960). This volume is located in its historiographical context, and it is suggested that commentators have overlooked the potential influence of the Tory historian Sir Keith Feiling on this work, alongside the better known perspectives of Underdown's supervisor, Christopher Hill. Underdown's critical view of royalist conspiracy in this book is discussed through several interpretative categories including political faction, collective biography, emotion and rationality, youth and leadership, tradition and modernity. It is argued that Underdown's approach to royalism became more positive and socially expansive in later publications, but that his view of a persistent moderate and conservative centre ground of early modern political life forms a continuous thread throughout his published work.

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
TRAINING, PERSONALITY AND ATTITUDE AS DETERMINANTS OF MAGISTRATES' SENTENCING

Journal Article TRAINING, PERSONALITY AND ATTITUDE AS DETERMINANTS OF MAGISTRATES' SENTENCING Get access NIGEL LEMON NIGEL LEMON *School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex; currently on secondment as visiting lecturer in sociology, University of Dar es Salaam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 34–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046509 Published: 01 January 1974

Topic: Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Fluorescence-Based Codetection with Protein Markers Reveals Distinct Cellular Compartments for Altered MicroRNA Expression in Solid Tumors

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; High-throughput profiling experiments have linked altered expression of microRNAs (miRNA) to different types of cancer. Tumor tissues are a heterogeneous mixture of not only cancer cells, but also supportive and reactive tumor microenvironment elements. To clarify the clinical significance of altered miRNA expression in solid tumors, we developed a sensitive fluorescence-based &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization (ISH) method to visualize miRNA accumulation within individual cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. This ISH method was implemented to be compatible with routine clinical immunohistochemical (IHC) assays to enable the detection of miRNAs and protein markers in the same tissue section for colocalization and functional studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used this combined ISH/IHC assay to study a subset of cancer-associated miRNAs, including miRNAs frequently detected at low (miR-34a and miR-126) and high (miR-21 and miR-155) levels, in a panel of breast, colorectal, lung, pancreas, and prostate carcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Despite the distinct histopathologic alterations of each particular cancer type, general trends emerged that pinpointed distinct source cells of altered miRNA expression. Although altered expressions of miR-21 and miR-34a were manifested within cancer cells, those of miR-126 and miR-155 were predominantly confined to endothelial cells and immune cells, respectively. These results suggest a heterogeneous participation of miRNAs in carcinogenesis by intrinsically affecting cancer cell biology or by modulating stromal, vascular, and immune responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We described a rapid and sensitive multicolor ISH/IHC assay and showed that it could be broadly applied as an investigational tool to better understand the etiologic relevance of altered miRNA expression in cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4246–55. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Anti-Angiogenic Activity of a Cystatin F Homologue from the Buccal Glands of Lampetra morii

Cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors which are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes in vivo. In the present study, the cDNA sequence of a cystatin F homologue called Lm-cystatin F was cloned from the buccal glands of Lampetra morii. Although Lm-cystatin F shares a lower homology with cystatin superfamily members, it is also composed of a signal peptide and three highly conserved motifs, including the G in the N-terminal, QXVXG, as well as the PW in the C-terminal of the sequence. After sequence optimization and recombination, the recombinant protein was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of 19.85 kDa. Through affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, the purified protein was identified as a recombinant Lm-cystatin F (rLm-cystatin F). Additionally, rLm-cystatin F could inhibit the activity of papain. Based on MTT assay, rLm-cystatin F inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dose dependently with an IC50 of 5 μM. In vitro studies show that rLm-cystatin F suppressed the adhesion, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs, suggesting that rLm-cystatin F possesses anti-angiogenic activity, which provides information on the feeding mechanisms of Lampetra morii and insights into the application of rLm-cystatin F as a potential drug in the future.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ICT-in-Education Policies and Implementation in Singapore and Other Asian Countries

We will start this article with an overview of the efforts of various Asian countries to initiate and drive the use of ICT in education. We hope to convey a sense of dynamism and enthusiasm of the various Asian countries and in particular in Singapore, in the planning and deployment of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in schools and tertiary institutions. In the latter part of this article, we will delve more in depth into the experiences of Singapore's initiatives in integrating ICT in education. We discuss the potential impact and problems arising from this trend of ICT developments in education.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cerebellum matching game

A printable card matching game about parts of the cerebellum, their associated cerebellar nuclei and function(s). The PDF is designed to be printed and cut out to form 'matching cards'. Students should then match the name, location, function(s) and associated nuclei into groups for the three functional parts of the cerebellum. The answers are provided separately (see 'Cerebellum answers.png'). Useful as a revision tool for medical students and those studying neuroanatomy.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving machine learning detection of Alzheimer disease using enhanced manta ray gene selection of Alzheimer gene expression datasets.

One of the most prominent neurodegenerative diseases globally is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The early diagnosis of AD is a challenging task due to complex pathophysiology caused by the presence and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. However, the late enriched understanding of the genetic underpinnings of AD has been made possible due to recent advancements in data mining analysis methods, machine learning, and microarray technologies. However, the "curse of dimensionality" caused by the high-dimensional microarray datasets impacts the accurate prediction of the disease due to issues of overfitting, bias, and high computational demands. To alleviate such an effect, this study proposes a gene selection approach based on the parameter-free and large-scale manta ray foraging optimization algorithm. Given the dimensional disparities and statistical relationship distributions of the six investigated datasets, in addition to four evaluated machine learning classifiers; the proposed Sign Random Mutation and Best Rank enhancements that substantially improved MRFO's exploration and exploitation contributed to efficient identification of relevant genes and to machine learning improved prediction accuracy.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
An assessment of rufinamide as an anti-epileptic in comparison with other drugs in clinical development

This article evaluates rufinamide, a new anti-epileptic drug (AED) in Phase III development. This review is done against the background of therapeutic challenges of epilepsy, old established AEDs, newly introduced AEDs and AEDs in clinical development. Pharmacological properties of 12 AEDs in clinical trials (Phases I - III) are compared: ADCI, AWD 131-138, DP-VPA, ganaxolone, levetiracetam, losigamone, pregabalin, remacemide hydrochloride, retigabine, rufinamide, soretolide and TV1901. One of these, levetiracetam has been approved in the USA and is waiting approval in other countries. The protective index of rufinamide, as shown in rodent models of epilepsy, is much higher than that of most common AEDs. Features which make it a desirable AED are: (i) a broad spectrum of anti-epileptic actions including both partial and symptomatic generalised epilepsy; (ii) a statistically significant reduction in seizure frequency in clinical trials; (iii) efficacy and safety shown in a broad range of age groups including children and the elderly; (iv) rapid oral absorption enabling quick titration to effective dose and (v) a benign adverse event profile. Most of the events did not lead to discontinuation in clinical trials. These features offer considerable advantages over the existing anti-epileptic drugs. It is one of the two drugs in development which have reached Phase III and is expected to be approved by the year 2001 - 2002.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Purification of immunoglobulin G from human plasma by metal‐chelate affinity chromatography

Abstract A new group of specific‐affinity beads with metal chelates as ligands and synthetic polymer beads as support matrices was prepared and tested. This study focused on developing metal‐chelated poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) gel beads in a spherical form (100–150 μm in diameter) for the separation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma. Crosslinked PHEMA gel beads were prepared by suspension polymerization. The metal‐complexing ligand L ‐histidine was then immobilized by covalent binding onto these gel beads. Different transition‐metal ions, including Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), were chelated on these gel beads. An elemental analysis of immobilized L ‐histidine for nitrogen was estimated to be 401.9 μmol of L ‐histidine/g of PHEMA. The nonspecific IgG adsorption onto plain PHEMA gel beads was negligible (ca. 0.17 mg/g). Higher adsorption values (up to 3.5 mg/g) were obtained in which L ‐histidine‐immobilized PHEMA gel beads were used from aqueous solutions. A remarkable increase in the IgG adsorption capacities were achieved from human plasma with L ‐histidine‐immobilized gel beads (up to 44.8 mg/g). Further increases in the IgG adsorption capacities of the metal‐chelated gel beads were observed when human plasma was used (up to 79.6 mg/g). The metal‐chelate affinity gel beads allowed the one‐step separation of IgG from human plasma. The recognition range of metal ions for surface histidines from human plasma followed this order: Cu(II) &gt; Ni(II) &gt; Zn(II) &gt; Co(II). IgG molecules could repeatedly be adsorbed and desorbed with these metal‐chelated PHEMA gel beads without a noticeable loss in their IgG adsorption capacity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1567–1572, 2003

Topic: Protein purification and stability
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Drops of Greek in a Multilingual Sea: The Egyptian Network and its Residential Presences in the Indian Ocean

Abstract This article explores one of the remarkable legacies of the Hellenistic Greek world: the subsequent activity in the Indian Ocean of Greek-speaking Egyptians and certain people of India who called themselves Yavanas. But while doing so, it addresses certain vexing issues. One is whether merchants from Roman Egypt established stable residential communities in the ports of India during the first and second centuries AD. Another is how Yavanas living near the Gulf of Barygaza and the western Ghats in western India came to call themselves by a term borne centuries earlier by Greeks living in regions of northern India. By probing these issues, the article sheds light on how travellers and expatriates from Roman Egypt, and the Greek language and culture that they often carried with them, fit into the multilingual and multicultural web of a connected Indian Ocean. But it also formulates how a commercial network of Egyptians established residential settlements in the ports of India that generated and transmitted local knowledge to other members of the network. The author of the notable Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Periplus Maris Erythraei) was arguably both a participant in the network and a recipient of its knowledge.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Resonant Oder Theory of Everything Molecular Theory

This paper presents a deterministic theory of molecular vibration and entropy based on the Resonant Order Theory of Everything (ROTE). Anchored at the electron (n = 0), molecular structures such as H₂, CO, and OH emerge at specific φ-spiral indices as stable harmonic resonators. Using no fitted parameters, we reproduce empirical infrared and Raman vibrational data, and derive a natural entropic temperature ladder from spiral frequency scaling. The Molecular Spiral Resonance Layer (n ≈ 4–6.5) is formally defined. We further introduce a φⁿ-based Lagrangian for molecular dynamics and show that entropy increases with spiral index—not disorder. This work unifies structure and thermodynamics under frequency resonance, and predicts molecular voids at ψ-null (prime-indexed) shells.

Topic: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ISSR primer screening and preliminary evaluation of genetic diversity in wild populations of Gycyrrhiza uralensis

Fourteen efficient inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were screened and optimized for detecting the genetic diversity in wild populations of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. By using these primers, 249 polymorphic bands out of a total of 270 (92.2 %) were generated from 70 individuals of 4 wild G. uralensis populations sampled from Inner Mongolia Province of China. Nei's gene diversity (h) and Shannon index (I) calculated from the data matrix of the ISSR phenotypes revealed a high level of genetic diversity with h = 0.268 and I = 0.415 within this plant. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed that most of the genetic variation (81 %) occurred within the populations, whereas the variance among populations was only 19 %. The UPGMA tree based on Nei's unbiased genetic diversity illustrated that populations from Bulage and Bayanwusu were genetically close related, while the population from Shanghaimiao was found to be the most diverse from the other three. The high genetic diversity implies that the wild resources of this species could be restored soon if an appropriate and efficient protection strategy was employed. Our results also provided an optimized method for evaluating genetic diversity of G. uralensis using ISSR markers which was useful for further investigation.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Differences in Intestinal Hydrolytic Activities between Cynomolgus Monkeys and Humans: Evaluation of Substrate Specificities Using Recombinant Carboxylesterase 2 Isozymes

Cynomolgus monkeys, used as an animal model to predict human pharmacokinetics, occasionally show different oral absorption patterns to humans due to differences in their intestinal metabolism. In this study, we investigated the differences between intestinal hydrolytic activities in cynomolgus monkeys and humans, in particular the catalyzing activities of their carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) isozymes. For this purpose we used both human and monkey microsomes and recombinant enzymes derived from a cell culture system. Monkey intestinal microsomes showed lower hydrolytic activity than human microsomes for several substrates. Interestingly, in contrast to human intestinal hydrolysis, which is not enantioselective, monkey intestine showed preferential R-form hydrolysis of propranolol derivatives. Recombinant CES2 isozymes from both species, mfCES2v3 from monkeys and human hCE2, showed similar metabolic properties to their intestinal microsomes when expressed in HEK293 cells. Recombinant hCE2 and mfCES2v3 showed similar Km values for both enantiomers of all propranolol derivatives tested. However, recombinant mfCES2v3 showed extreme R-enantioselective hydrolysis, and both hCE2 and mfCES2v3 showed lower activity for O-3-methyl-n-butyryl propranolol than for O-n-valeryl and O-2-methyl-n-butyryl propranolol. This lower hydrolytic activity was characterized by lower Vmax values. Docking simulations of the protein-ligand complex demonstrated that the enantioselectivity of mfCES2v3 for propranolol derivatives was possibly caused by the orientation of its active site being deformed by an amino acid change of Leu107 to Gln107 and the insertion of Met309, compared with hCE2. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation indicated the possibility that the interatomic distance between the catalytic triad and the substrate was elongated by a 3-positioned methyl in the propranolol derivatives. Overall, these findings will help us to understand the differences in intestinal hydrolytic activities between cynomolgus monkeys and humans.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare NGB 31251

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare<br>Common name(s): Barley<br>Other names: Camir<br>Conserved by: Nordgen (NORDGEN), Sweden<br>Local sample unique identifier: NGB 31251<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2013-01-01<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: School Health and Nursing Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Strong photoluminescence at 1540 nm from Er-doped amorphous silicon oxycarbide: a novel silicon material for photonic applications

The present investigators have previously reported on strong room-temperature luminescence at 1540 nm from erbium-doped amorphous silicon oxycarbide (a-SiC<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>:Er) thin films. An enhancement of ~20 times was found for asgrown SiC<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>1.0</sub>:Er compared to SiO<sub>2</sub>:Er control samples under continuous wavelength (cw) pumping at 496.5 nm. Here, we report the effects of post-deposition annealing on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of Er-doped silicon oxycarbide. The amorphous SiC<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> films were grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) at 800&deg;C and postdeposition annealing was conducted in the temperature range 500-1100&deg;C. The thin films were then implanted with 260keV Er ions and subsequently annealed at 900&deg;C. Strong room-temperature photoluminescence around 1540 nm was observed, with efficient Er<sup>+3</sup> ion excitation occurring for pumping wavelengths ranging from 460 nm to 600 nm. Modeling of the power dependence of Er luminescence yielded an effective Er excitation cross-section about four orders of magnitude larger than that for a direct optical excitation of Er<sup>+3</sup> ions. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies of post-deposition annealed samples revealed a strong correlation between the Er PL intensity and the C-O bond concentration in the materials. The work suggests a novel method for achieving efficient Er luminescence in Si-based materials through controlled engineering of the Si-C-O system.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of percutaneous transcatheter correction of mitral regurgitation on chronic heart failure

<h3>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</h3> Патология митрального клапана занимает второе место среди всех клапанных пороков. Распространенность митральной регургитации (МР) значительно возрастает, что связано с увеличением возраста популяции и количеством коморбидных пациентов. В настоящее время активно развивается альтернативный открытому вмешательству метод коррекции МР — транскатетерная пластика митрального клапана. <h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Оценить влияние чрескожной транскатетерной коррекции МР на течение хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН). <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> В исследование включены 43 пациента, проходившие лечение в ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России, которые имели манифестную ХСН II—IV функционального класса (ФК) по классификации NYHA и МР III—IV степени. Больным была выполнена транскатетерная пластика митрального клапана. Всем пациентам до имплантации устройства и через 6 мес наблюдения проводились следующие исследования: 12-канальная электрокардиография, трансторакальная эхокардиография, тест 6-минутной ходьбы (ТШХ), определение уровня NT-proBNP. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> Медиана возраста пациентов составила 72,5 [65,8; 83,0] года, 58,1% — мужчины. Все оперативные вмешательства прошли успешно. Зафиксировано всего 4 (9,3%) летальных исхода, из них 1 — во время госпитализации, 3 — в течение периода наблюдения. Через полгода наблюдения зарегистрировано снижение среднего ФК ХСН с 2,79±0,6 до 1,89±0,8 (<i>p</i>&lt;0,001), повышение толерантности к физической нагрузке [удлинение дистанции ТШХ с 259,4±105,4 до 370,7±108,6 м (<i>p</i>=0,02)], уменьшение потребности в диуретической терапии [с 40,00 (20,00; 80,00) до 20,00 (10,00; 40,00), <i>p</i>=0,02, в перерасчете на фуросемид], тенденция к снижению уровня мозгового натрийуретического пропептида (NTproBNP) с 1295,00 (783,20; 3506,00) до 1251,00 (435,75; 1940) пг/мл, <i>p</i>=0,09. Через 6 мес МР I и II степени наблюдалось у 33 (86,8%) пациентов, III степени — у 5 (13,2%). Клиническое улучшение течения ХСН отмечалось как у пациентов с первичной, так и со вторичной МР. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Результаты наблюдения пациентов с ХСН после проведенной транскатетерной коррекции МР демонстрируют стойкое снижение МР, сопровождающееся значительным клиническим улучшением, увеличением толерантности к физической нагрузке, снижением потребности в диуретической терапии.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences