jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening of Termite's Mushroom in Nepal

This paper reports the qualitative phytochemical analysis of Termitomyces microcarpus (Berk &amp; Broome) R. Heim of family Tricholomataceae collected from the termite nest of the forests in west, center and east of tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of Nepal. The sample was harvested fresh, sundried, pulverized and analyzed according to standard procedures. Screening revealed the presence of volatile oil, alkaloid, carotenoid, steroid, triterpenoids, fatty acid, emodins, flavonoid, coumarin, anthracene glycoside, anthocyanadine glycoside, tannins, saponins, glycosides, polyurenoid and polyoses in the ethereal, methanolic and aqueous extracts. There were significant differences in the phytochemical composition of the samples collected from east, center and west eco-zones and tropical, subtropical and temperate climatic regions. There was definite co-relation between the traditional application of Termite’s mushrooms and possession of secondary metabolites, which supports the scientific basis for the traditional medicinal system. Results showed that the consumption of wild edible mushroom that act as a good dietary supplement and it may be valuable in drug development. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 27, 2013: 107-119

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Porous materials by design. Plasma oxidation of hydrocarbon templates in polysilsesquioxanes

Arylene- and alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were prepared by sol-gel processing of bis(triethoxysilyl)-aryl monomers and decyl monomer. The arylene polysilsesquioxanes were porous materials with surface areas as high as 830 m{sup 2}/g (BET). Treatment with an inductively coupled oxygen plasma resulted in the near quantitative removal of the arylene bridging groups and a coarsening of the pore structure. Solid state {sup 29}Si NMR was used to confirm the conversion of the sesquioxane silicons (T) to silica (Q). The decylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane was a non-porous material. Oxygen plasma treatment afforded a silica gel with a surface area of 294 m{sup 2}/g and a mean pore diameter of 46 {Angstrom}. The porosity in the silica gel appears to arise entirely from the oxidation of the 1,10-decylene spacer.

Topic: Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in the Effect of Social Background on Educational Attainment Over Time: Does Method Matter?

Social background has a direct impact on educational choice and attainment, but also influences choices and attainment indirectly by affecting performance in school. Boudon (1974) described this relationship as primary (indirect) and secondary (direct) effects of social stratification. Based on this approach and Mare’s sequential transition model, we decompose the impact of social background on educational choices and attainment into primary and secondary effects to analyze the relative importance of these effects at various stages over the school career. Using panel data of three birth cohorts, we can assess whether the relative importance of primary and secondary effects has been stable over time. We use different statistical methods to assess the robustness of these results. Our findings show a decreasing impact of secondary effects at the first transition over time, but a rather stable and in some cases increasing impact of secondary effects at later stages of the education career. As a result, the cumulative share of secondary effects of social stratification on educational attainment is pretty stable over time. When using OLS or counterfactual models secondary effects amount to some 55% of the total effect of social background. However, using structural equation modeling that allows taking measurement error in the performance tests into account, the relative importance of secondary effects amounts to some 40%. It suggests that method matters for numerical closeness. Nevertheless, the findings of all models used in this study point to the same direction and suggest that preferences and expectations of aspiring higher educational levels are still strongly associated with social background.

Topic: Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Swelling and contraction of ferrogels based on polyacrylamide in a magnetic field

The equilibrium swelling of magnetoactive ferrogels based on the copolymer of acrylamide with 10% potassium acrylate in water is studied. The gels are filled with strontium ferrite and/or magnetite taken in amounts of 20, 40, 60, and 80 parts per 100 parts of the polymer by weight. In the absence of a magnetic field, as the content of the filler is increased, the degree of swelling tends to increase for the gels containing strontium ferrite and to decrease for the magnetite-containing gels. In the structure of hydrogels, strontium ferrite particles possessing a permanent magnetic moment form a microscopic network from chain aggregates, while the particles of magnetite, a magnetically soft material, give rise to disordered aggregates. The enthalpy of hydration of ferrogel polymeric matrices weakly depends on the nature and amount of the introduced filler: The interaction parameter takes small positive values in the range 0.10-0.18. In a homogeneous magnetic field of 365 mT, the degree of swelling decreases at a small filler content for both types of ferrogels. This effect is accompanied by elongation of a ferrogel sample along the field direction and contraction in the transverse direction. With an increase in the filler content, the inversion of both effects occurs. The applicability of concepts about the homogeneously magnetizable continuous medium to the process of magnetostriction of ferrogels is analyzed. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.

Topic: Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Local Versus General Anesthesia in Breast-Conserving Surgery on Cancer Recurrence and Cost

Background The association between the type of anesthesia used and the recurrence of cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the effects of local vs general anesthesia on recurrence-free survival and cost after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods We reviewed the data of 2778 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation at our center between 1999 and 2014. We analyzed the data of 994 patients with hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative tumors who underwent breast-conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection under local or general anesthesia. Patients were grouped according to whether local or general anesthesia was used for the surgery. Results Of the 994 patients enrolled in this study, 367 received local anesthesia and 627 patients received general anesthesia. The median follow-up duration for all patients was 93 months. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves did not reveal significant differences between the recurrence-free survival of the two groups, with 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of 96.3% (95% CI, 94.3–98.3%) in the local anesthesia group and 97.3% (95% CI, 95.9–98.7%) in the general anesthesia group. The total cost of hospitalization in the local anesthesia group was significantly lower than that in the general anesthesia group ( P &lt;.001). The difference in the cost between the two groups remained significant, irrespective of the type of hospitalization, after excluding 165 patients receiving chemotherapy during their hospitalization. Conclusions Our analysis indicated no association between the type of anesthesia used during breast-conserving surgery and the long-term prognosis of breast cancer. However, breast-conserving surgery under local anesthesia may be a less expensive option than that under general anesthesia.

Topic: Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Ligand–Receptor Cross-talk in the Tumor Microenvironment

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Signaling between cancer and nonmalignant (stromal) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key to tumor progression. Here, we deconvoluted bulk tumor transcriptomes to infer cross-talk between ligands and receptors on cancer and stromal cells in the TME of 20 solid tumor types. This approach recovered known transcriptional hallmarks of cancer and stromal cells and was concordant with single-cell, &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization and IHC data. Inferred autocrine cancer cell interactions varied between tissues but often converged on Ephrin, BMP, and FGFR-signaling pathways. Analysis of immune checkpoints nominated interactions with high levels of cancer-to-immune cross-talk across distinct tumor types. Strikingly, PD-L1 was found to be highly expressed in stromal rather than cancer cells. Overall, our study presents a new resource for hypothesis generation and exploration of cross-talk in the TME.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study provides deconvoluted bulk tumor transcriptomes across multiple cancer types to infer cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radiometric Determination of Uranium in Natural Waters after Enrichment and Separation by Cation-Exchange and Liquid-Liquid Extraction

The alpha-radiometric determination of uranium after its pre-concentration from natural water samples using the cation-exchange resin Chelex-100, its selective extraction by tributylphosphate and electrodeposition on stainless steel discs is reported. The validity of the separation procedure and the chemical recoveries were checked by addition of uranium standard solution as well as by tracing with U-232. The average uranium yield was determined to be (97 +- 2) % for the cation-exchange, (95 +- 2) % for the liquid-liquid extraction, and more than 99% for the electrodeposition. Employing high-resolution alpha-spectroscopy, the measured activity of the U-238 and U-234 radioisotopes was found to be of similar magnitude; i.e. ~7 mBq/L and ~35 mBq/L for ground- and seawater samples, respectively. The energy resolution (FWHM) of the alpha-peaks was 22 keV, while the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) was estimated to be 1 mBq/L (at the 95% confidence limit).

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Fingerprint Pattern Distribution Frameworkof Telugu Population in India

Fingerprint and its comparison have been consequential in a criminal investigation as well as to settle civil disputes. The present study was conducted on the Telugu population having the sample loads of 1660 digit which consist of 73 Males and 93 Females. In the present research work, it was observed that the Ulnar loop patterns showed the highest number of repetition than the other patterns. It was observed that the Ulnar loop fingerprint pattern was reported to be the maximum repetition frequency of 835 times and on the other hand, the Tented arch pattern was recorded as the minimum repetition frequency of 36 times. Further, the female subjects in the Ulnar loop pattern were reported the higher percentage of repetition of 52.04% than the male subject of 48.08%. The outcomes of the present research work will help the Investigating agency by confining the area of investigation in the event that specific unique pattern is recuperated from the area of wrongdoing.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
URANIUM-TITANIUM-METAGEL MINERALIZATION OF AU-U DEPOSITS OF THE ELKON ORE DISTRICT (ALDAN, RUSSIA) AND FEATURES OF ITS PROCESSING

Large-scale reserves of uranium in Au-U deposits of the Elkon ore district are composed of newly discovered polyphase uranium-titanium metagel (UTM). Before, it was assumed that brannerite is the major mineral of these ores. However, it has been revealed that brannerite and uranium oxides and silicates are minor components of mineralization. Succession of UTM phases selection, their relations with brannerite are characterized. Few groups of UTM has been revealed by composition of major and trace elements. The filter cake of acidic leaching of a technological sample with residual uranium concentration of 0,02 wt.% and grain size of -0.16 mm was investigated. As it was established, the major part of uranium is in the fine grained UTM phases submerged in quartz-feldspar matrix of the cake particles. Taking into account a small size of the uranium phases (first microns, rarely n-10 mkm), recrusing of the ore to smaller grades will unlikely lead to a noticeable uranium yield into final product.

Topic: Engineering and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Strychnos innocua&lt;/em&gt; root using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Medicinal plants are of great relevance with endless pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. They are source of wide array of secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds/phytochemicals (phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and saponins) which are capable of discharging numerous biological functions (antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anti-fibrotic, immune-modulatory, cytotoxic, antipyretic, antitumor, antihelminthic, antiprotozoal, antibacterial and so on). The use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis in identifying the bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of Strychnos innocua root is a fundamental technique in quantifying the unknown samples, trace elements and contaminants leading to the discovery of novel compounds of pharmaceutical and biomedical importance. Result obtained showed that Strychnos innocua root extract contains 39 bioactive compounds with α-Cubebene (20.09%) having the highest concentration followed by Dibutyl benzene -1,2 – dicarboxylate (10.17%), β-Elemenone (10.02%), 4-Methoxy-2-nitroformanilide (7.21%), 1-Methyl cyclopropane methanol (5.96%), 1, 3 propanediol, 2-ethyl 2-hydroxymethyl (3.71%), Azelaic acid (2.87%), Glycidol stearate (2.85%), Chloromethyl 2-chlorodecanoate (2.83%) and γ-terpinene (2.56%) respectively. The remaining 29 bioactive compounds have concentrations less than 2%. It was concluded that all the compounds observed are sources of medication that can be used traditionally in the treatment of human and animal diseases.

Topic: Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Flow-Induced Cytoskeletal Changes in Endothelial Cells Growing on Curved Surfaces

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of the shape of the growth surface (curved versus flat) on flow-induced F-actin organization in endothelial cells. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown to confluence on curved or flat surfaces. Microchannels (curved surface, 10- to 30-µm radius) or parallel plate flow chambers were perfused (30 minutes to 6 hours) at physiological flow rates (wall shear stress 1 to 10 dyn/cm2). Results: On curved surfaces, the number of central F-actin stress fibers (for cells of equal area) decreased from 4.8 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE, n = 36) (static) to 0.9 ± 0.5 per cell in perfused microchannels. Perfusion with 100 µM histamine prevented this response to flow (5.5 ± 0.8 per cell, n = 12). Stress fibers were initially aligned with the long axis of the microchannel at an angle of 9 ± 0.7° (static). With flow, alignment of the few remaining central F-actin stress fibers with respect to the long axis of the microchannel decreased to 19 ± 4°; this was prevented by perfusion with histamine (5.6 ± 1°). The number of stress fibers per cell, for cells grown on flat surfaces (8.1 ± 0.3, static, n = 36) was significantly greater than for cells on curved surfaces, and did not change with flow (8.1 ± 0.5 per cell, n = 6). On flat surfaces, the stress fiber orientation (with respect to the longitudinal axis of the channel) was 42 ± 1.4° (static) and did not change with flow (38 ± 4.2°). Conclusions: Endothelial cells on curved growth surfaces respond to flow rapidly, with marked changes in F-actin central stress fiber formation. This implicates a tight relationship between cell shape and the environmental substrate, and suggests that the shape of the endothelial cell significantly impacts its ability to respond to its environment.

Topic: Body Contouring and Surgery
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of School Information Center Computer Room Project

Taking the computer room of information center of a certain university as an example,this paper analyzes the characteristics of computer room engineering. It explores the construction of school information center computer room from three aspects of the overall planning,power supply and distribution design,as well as lightning protection and grounding. Detailed measures and suggestions are put forward in allusion to the selection of computer room location,the calculation of UPS load,as well as the distribution of lightning protection and grounding system.

Topic: Power Systems and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Operative treatment of cervical premalignant lesions and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus as etiologic agent.

The conization as an excisional method is used as an operative treatment of high-risk premalignant cervical lesions. Early detection and removal may stop the developing process that leads to invasive carcinoma. The study presents a group of 100 women, operated with "cold knife" conization during the year 2002 at the 1st Operative Oncologic Department of the Gynecology and Obstetrician Clinic - Medical Faculty, Skopje. The operative material showed CIN 2 in 2 and CIN 3 in 31 women. In 7 of them, CIN 3 lesions were removed by punch biopsy or ECC, thus the cone showed only CIN 2. In two women out of the total of 67 with the preoperative diagnosis of CIS, CIN 3 lesions were postoperatively diagnosed. This is the result of the adequate punch biopsy during the diagnostic procedure. Three cones showed Ca microinvasivum and other 3 displayed Ca invasivum which then needed other surgical treatment. In 93 % of the women the conization had a therapeutic effect and in 7 % it was only of diagnostic value. HPV testing was made in 55 out of the operatively treated women. The most common type HPV 16 was identified in 27 % of the women. The second was HPV 31 in 25.5 %, then HPV 66 in 14.5 %, HPV 18 in 11%, HPV CP 8304 and HPV 38 in 5.5 %, HPV 58 as well as MM9 in 2 (3.6 %). The dichotomic presence of HPV 31+18 and HPV 6+16 was identified in two women. (Tab. 3, Ref: 10.)

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rubella Synovitis in a One-Year-Old Patient

THE association of swollen painful joints with acute rubella infection has been noted repeatedly since it was first mentioned by Box1 in 1917 and described by Geiger2 in 1918. The present case is remarkable because it is the first case of rubella synovitis to be reported in an infant, it is the first report of isolation of rubella virus from synovial fluid, and it is the second report of isolation of any virus from joint fluid in a patient with acute synovitis.Case ReportA 14-month-old infant was admitted to St. Joseph Mercy Hospital because she refused to stand on . . .

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cardiac Arrest in an Obstetric Patient Using Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia

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Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A simulation-based approach to evaluating the reliability of using Bluetooth signal strength to detect parent-child interactions

Early in the development of the Open Dynamic Interaction Network (ODIN) platform for responsive Ecological Momentary Assessment (rEMA), we aimed to detect physically co-located social interactions using Bluetooth signal strength. The goal was to estimate the distance between a child (having a beacon) and their parent (having a phone). Our early initial pilots were marked by ad-hoc selection of signal strength thresholds (e.g., considering received signal strength of -70 to indicate “interaction”). However, reproducibility and validity tests with members of our research revealed variations in our ability to detect interaction as a static state correctly. This early experience pointed to a need for a more systematic framework for detecting the beginning and ending of interaction periods. Ideally such a framework should be able to incorporate researcher-specified parameters such as the expected physical separation during interactions. It should also be capable of being readily recalibrated to new physical environments with different electromagnetic profiles or adapted to new phone technologies as they become available. Finally, it should allow for robust estimation of type I and type II errors in detecting the start and end of interactions. This paper describes such a framework.

Topic: Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[A finger-saving operation in squamous cell carcinoma of the right thumb. A case report].

A 68-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the right thumb underwent a finger-saving operation. The lesion (2 X 2.3 cm) was located near the IP joint. There were no distant metastases. A wide local excision including the MP joint was performed, and the axillary lymph nodes were dissected. To avoid any loss of length the bone defect was treated with a 2.5-cm-long bone graft from the third rib. The skin defect was closed with a local flap. In the histological examination tumor cells reached the subcutaneous layer; the deeper layers and the bone were not involved. Two years after the operation neither local recurrence nor distant metastases were found and the function of the right hand was good. The good outcome of this case does not allow any general conclusion on the best treatment for such cases; but it does emphasize the difficulties of deciding on the treatment (amputation or excision) to be applied in this area.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences