jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Management of antirheumatic drugs in kidney failure].

The nephrologist deals with the management of patients with rheumatic disease, both diagnostically and therapeutically. He must determine whether the renal pathology is related to the rheumatologic disease, mostly through the use of the renal biopsy. In the second case, he must know the nephrotoxic potential of the drugs prescribed and adjust their use to the degree of renal impairment. This task is made difficult by the absence of controlled clinical trials regarding their use on patients with renal insufficiency or on chronic dialysis. For this reason, the prescription will have to take into account the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Kidney failure can affect the metabolism of antirheumatic drugs determining their accumulation, which can lead to increased toxicity, either renal or systemic. On the other hand, dialysis can cause excessive drug removal, leading to sub-therapeutic pharmacological effects and to the need for additional doses. In this brief review, we will consider the nephrotoxic effects of some important drugs used in rheumatology and examined individually, with specific reference to rheumatoid arthritis: methotrexate, leflunamide, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, biological DMARDs. In the past, therapeutic success in rheumatic diseases associated with kidney impairment was severely limited by the well- known nephrotoxicity of drugs such as gold salts, D-penicillamine, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors. Although generally effective, they are contraindicated in case of kidney failure. Biologic therapies have recently opened new therapeutic perspectives. Nevertheless, it is worth stressing how our knowledge of their action is still incomplete and this may result in exposure to immune-mediated renal disease.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solving the statistical test selection problem in hypothesis testing / Foo Kien-Kheng... [et al.]

Hypothesis testing is widely regarded as a valuable tool for data analysis but it is conceptually difficult to understand and even more difficult to carry out the procedure.
Even so, interpretation of the results is often littered with mistakes and misuses. This paper proposes an approach through the use of STestMAP. It is a tool resembling a concept map designed to assist researchers in identifying relevant univariate statistical tests to match their research objectives. An earlier study in the efficacy of this approach as a tool to acquire selection skills has shown STestMAP provides a flexible structure in assisting users to successfully identify the statistical test but further research is needed to confirm the usefulness of STestMAP.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A novel ATM-dependent pathway regulates PP1 activation and the G2/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage

4205 The Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated kinase, ATM, plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage. Loss of ATM functions in humans results in Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), an autosomal recessive disease manifested by progressive neuro-degeneration, immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition and hyper-radiosensitivity. Upon DNA damage, ATM binds strongly to damaged sites and activated ATM in turn phosphorylates a list of substrates in pathways that together ensure cellular survival and recovery. We previously reported that ATM was required for down-regulation of Histone H3 phosphorylation and the G2/M checkpoint in response to ionizing radiation (IR). However, the detailed mechanism of the processes remains unknown. It was known that Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1), the major phosphatase responsible for Histone H3 dephosphorylation, was activated in an ATM-dependent manner after IR. In this study, we report that ATM is required for the IR-induced rapid dissociation of PP1 from its regulatory subunit Inhibitor-2 (I-2). We also find that ATM phosphorylates I-2 at Serine 43 in response to IR. ATM phosphorylation of I-2 leads to dissociation of the PP1/I-2 complex and activation of PP1. Furthermore, ATM-mediated I-2 phosphorylation results in activation of the G2/M checkpoint. These studies have demonstrated a novel pathway that links ATM, PP1 and I-2 in cellular responses to DNA damage.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nomenclatural corrections for two genus-group names of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera)

Moseralfia nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Moseria Bálint, 2022 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a junior homonym of four available generic names, of which Moseria Ghigi, 1909 (Ctenophora: Pleurobrachiidae) is the oldest and currently valid. Szentivanya Bálint, 2022 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a junior homonym of Szentivanya Kaszab, 1958 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); as it is also a junior objective synonym of Pseudogyris Braby et Müller, 2022, no action is needed.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Corrigendum: Campylobacter in aquatic and terrestrial mammals is driven by life traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CORRECTION article Front. Ecol. Evol., 19 April 2023Sec. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1197323

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Credit, Interest Rates and the Open Economy : Essays on Horizontalism

Contents: Preface: Anthony Thirlwall Introduction Part I: Setting the Record Straight 1. Some Reflections on Endogenous Money 2. Horizontalism Part II: Debates on Horizontalism 3. Money without Scarcity 4. Money Endogeneity and Monetary Non-Neutrality 5. Horizontalism and New Keynesian Economics Part III: Horizontalism and History of Thought Issues 6. The German Balance of Payments School and the Latin American Neo-Structuralists 7. Horizontalism and Inflation Accommodation 8. Notes on Hicks on Money and Monetary Theory 9. Bank Creation of Money and Endogenous Money Supply as the Outcome of the Evolution of the Banking System Part IV: Horizontalism and the Open Economy 10. The Reflux Mechanism and the Open Economy 11. Monetary Autonomy and Financial Integration 12. Foreign Exchange, Interest and Prices Index

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Osteomyelitis Complicating Neonatal Cephalhematoma

Cephalhematomas are usually uncomplicated and of little clinical importance. When infection occurs, osteomyelitis of the underlying bone may ensue. The progression of clinical and roentgenographic events in our patient represent an instance of infected cephalhematoma associated with neonatal sepsis and complicated by osteomyelitis. Treatment with antibiotics alone did not eradicate the infection. Recovery followed adequate treatment by incision and drainage in addition to appropriate antibiotic therapy for four weeks.

Topic: Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Top Quark Mass Measurement in Dilepton Channel

We present a measurement of the top quark mass from events produced in p$\\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, using the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We identify t$\\bar{t}$ candidates where both W bosons from the top quarks decay into leptons (eν, µν, τν) from a data sample of 340 pb&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The top quark mass is reconstructed in each event separately by the method which draw upon simulated distribution of t$\\bar{t}$ longitudinal momentum in order to extract probability distribution for the top quark mass. Representative distributions, or templates, are constructed from simulated samples of signal and background events, and parametrized to form continuous probability density functions. A likelihood fit incorporating these parametrized templates is then performed on the data sample masses in order to derive a final top quark mass. Measured top quark mass is M&lt;sub&gt;top&lt;/sub&gt; = 169.5$+7.7\\atop{-7.2}$(stat.) ± 4.0(syst.) GeV/c&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An atypical case of cardiomyopathy in a child: hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A case of an atypical form of cardiomyopathy, in which biopsy showed bizarre myocardial hypertrophy with disorganization, and in which there was no obvious hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall, is presented. Ventricular filling was critically impaired, and consequently pulmonary and systemic venous congestion predominated in the clinical presentation which was similar to that of restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Digital Forensics and Machine Learning to Fraudulent Email Prediction

E-mail is widespread in the modern commercial environment, providing an appropriate and efficient method for communication. However, today’s e-mail security threats are multiplying at an unprecedented rate. Sending phishing, spoofing, spam, and scam e-mails attempting to gain access to victims’ personal or financial information is a common way e-mail is used to commit a crime. The criminal activity needs to be combated through digital forensics. Unfortunately, cyber events are becoming significantly challenging, and human capabilities are limited. Using the SeFACED dataset, this research proposes a content base, E-mail multi-classification, into four different classes: Normal, Fraudulent, Threatening, and Suspicious, using four primary Machine Learning algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF). In addition, the Term FrequencyInverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Word2vec are also used as feature extraction techniques to compare their results. The findings show that the best accuracy is achieved with the RF, LR, SVM model by the TF-IDF feature extraction with an accuracy of 95%. In addition, the result for classification with TF-IDF outperformed Word2vec classification.

Topic: Spam and Phishing Detection
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Infertile Couple

Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse, or after 6 months among women over 35 years of age. This chapter provides the background and causes of infertility in the infertile couple. Fecundability for healthy young couples is estimated to be 0.25, meaning there is a 75% chance of failure to conceive in one cycle. However, this rate declines with each consecutive unsuccessful cycle and can reach 0.03 by 12 months. The first step in determining the cause of infertility is to obtain a thorough history and physical exam. Diagnostic testing should focus on confirming tubal patency and evaluating the female reproductive tract, including the uterine cavity. Ovarian reserve testing should be considered particularly in women >35 years of age. The differential diagnosis and clinical diagnosis of the condition is also presented.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Internet Essentials for the Administrative Law Practitioner

This article outlines useful features of the Internet which are helpful to administrative law practitioners, and provides an extensive list of useful World Wide Web sites in the appendix. The article serves as an introductory guide to the growth and use of contemporary Internet sites and its use for the benefit of an administrative law practitioner including legal research, communication via email, and database research.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A PEDAGOGICAL APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

The concept of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is reviewed in this paper. The traditional method of teaching compared with the standard modern techniques of teaching and learning, the use of compact disks (CD), digital video disks (DVD), satellite communication, video conferencing and internet facilities are typical examples of modern learning techniques. This paper also discusses the level of awareness and usage of the Information and Communication Technology in Nigeria, Africa and the world at large. It exposes the weakness of Nigeria in the usage of the Technology. Graphical illustrations of the pattern of growth of Nigeria subscribers were critically examined and finally some secondary schools in Ilaro, Yewa South Local Government in Nigeria were sampled through the use of questionnaires. From the analysis we are able to obtain: the Qualification distribution pattern of the respondents, computer literacy among respondents teacher, Internet accessing distribution of the respondents, Gender distribution on computer literacy, Computer literacy among the students, Availability of infrastructures for information Technology in Secondary Schools and Correlation study also reveals that there is a strong relationship existing between teachers and students attitude towards the learning of computer.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
State-Based Compensation for Victims of Armed Conflict: Recent Developments in Practice

Despite significant advances in human rights considerations in modern warfare, the vast number of civilians harmed during armed conflict never receive any compensation. Due to recent developments across a range of fora, there is now ample evidence that victims of violations of international law are the bearers of a right to redress, notwithstanding the difficulties they have faced and continue to face in enforcing that right. With that substantive-procedural distinction at its core, the aim of this research is to investigate to what extent recent instances of compensation have advanced wider opportunities for redress in conflict, and to identify where the international community of States needs to act to better secure victims’ rights in practice. In the context of recent international humanitarian law (IHL) and criminal law tribunals, there have been many occasions where political circumstances have sidelined victims’ rights. The thesis examines the practice of States and the jurisprudence of several human rights bodies in remedying IHL breaches given the substantial overlap between IHL and the international human rights law (IHRL) applicable during conflict. The thesis discusses the recent truncation of previously favourable examples of universal civil jurisdiction, and the difficulties victims still face with foreign State immunity. It argues that action is needed by States at both the international and national levels to provide a remedy for foreign plaintiffs suffering violations of jus cogens norms during war, but this will necessitate a re-interpretation of long-settled international practice regarding comity and complementarity, and new political understandings and procedures for recognising and enforcing foreign judgements. One of the circumstances where the legal right of individuals to State-based compensation has been most recognised is in the context of transitional justice. Again however, the focus on criminal prosecutions post-conflict, together with straightened economic circumstances and difficult politics, have often been to the detriment of this right. On the positive side, there have been greater moves in recent times to compensate civilians ex gratia for lawful and legally ambiguous losses. The thesis argues that the raised expectations of the international community and some basic commonalities in practice have begun to form custom in this area. It offers arguments for further progressive development so that these payments may be normalised, bedded down in practice and extended in their scope and reach.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting longitudinal changes in caregiver physical and mental health: A stress process model.

Alzheimer's family caregivers (N = 122) reported on physical and mental health, as well as stress process variables, at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. Hierarchical regression analyses of stress process models revealed that increases in primary stressors (e.g., patient self-care and behavioral problems) did not directly affect changes in the mental and physical health outcome variables. However, analyses of models of direct, mediated, and moderated effects revealed that psychosocial resource variables (appraisals, coping responses, and social support) were related to caregiver outcomes over time through several mechanisms. In particular, benign appraisals of stressors, the use of approach coping, and greater levels of social support were associated with more positive caregiver health outcomes over time.

Topic: Health, psychology, and well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880

Journal Article The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880. By Henry Pickering Walker. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966. xii + 347 pp. Maps, illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. $5.95.) Get access Harold E. Briggs Harold E. Briggs Southern Illinois University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 53, Issue 4, March 1967, Page 823, https://doi.org/10.2307/1894028 Published: 01 March 1967

Topic: American Environmental and Regional History
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ammonium‐driven nitrification plays a key role in increasing Mn availability in calcareous soils

The editorial office would like to draw reader's attention to an error occurring in the publication by Dreyer et al. · Ammonium-driven nitrification plays a key role in increasing Mn availability in calcareous soils · pp. 389–396 · Volume 183 · Number 3 · June 2020 that we like to apologize for. 1. Figure 2: The correct figure caption is: “Impact of stabilized and non-stabilized N fertilizer on Mn concentration aboveground plant material at EC 31 (Pot Experiment I). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments; Duncan-test (α = 5%). Error bars indicate the standard deviation (n = 5). CN = calcium nitrate, AN = ammonium nitrate, AS = ammonium sulfate, ATS = ammonium thiosulfate, DCD = Dicyandiamid.” 2. Figure 4:

Topic: Phosphorus and nutrient management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD LHDGAUSS_RAY_MWRM6 #180370.1 (analyzed)

Ray trajectories for microwave reflectometry (mwrm) at set6 point obtained using ray-tracing code LHDGauss.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 2 of Cross-sectional analysis of circulating tumor DNA in primary colorectal cancer at surgery and during post-surgery follow-up by liquid biopsy

Additional file 2: Table S2. Clinical pathological features of the patients. Abbreviations: n.d., not determined.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clifton's Cafeteria torn down (6th and Olive Street), 1960

4 images. Clifton's Cafeteria torn down (6th and Olive Street), 9 June 1960. (Financial).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Monteverde. Date: 1960-06-09. 25-26-31-32: Clifton's Cafeteria at 6th and Olive Street. To be torn down. Print to Talafero Financial Department".

Topic: Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Physicochemical Features of the Sorption of 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxybenzaldehyde by Norit GAC 1240W Activated Carbon Under Static Conditions

Equilibrium characteristics of the sorption of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) by Norit GAC 1240W activated carbon are studied at different temperatures. It is found that the sorption of this substituted hydroxybenzaldehyde by activated carbon is of a monomolecular character in the investigated range of temperatures and is described by the Langmuir equation. Values of the thermodynamic characteristics of the sorption of vanillin by the given sorbent are obtained, and it is established that the process is exothermic. It is shown that when the considered hydroxybenzaldehyde is sorbed by granular Norit activated carbon, the entropy factor makes a key contribution to the free energy of the process. The effect temperature has on the kinetics of vanillin sorption is investigated, and the time to reach equilibrium in the sorbent–sorbate system is determined. It is established experimentally that the stage of external diffusion of the sorbate limits the sorption of vanillin by Norit activated carbon throughout the studied range of temperatures.

Topic: Biochemical and biochemical processes
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Civil Society and Activism in the Middle East

Abstract This book analyses the impact of repression on civil society activism in the Middle East through the cases of Egypt and Jordan. It argues that authoritarian regimes’ repressive strategies towards civil society actors vary depending on an authoritarian regime’s recent historical experience with regime breakdown and/or continuity. Authoritarian regimes that go through breakdown and that transition from one autocratic rule to another increase repression against all civil society actors in an effort to pre-empt large-scale mobilization. This instils fear into civil society actors, who as a result either disengage from civic and political activism or turn to different forms of participation, such as social entrepreneurship. On the other hand, long-standing authoritarian regimes that have not faced breakdown utilize targeted repression and co-ptation strategies while tolerating civic and political activism, as well as some forms of contentious activities. Civil society actors in these regimes are able to grasp political opportunities to mobilize for demonstrations at certain times and in certain spaces, and to develop coalition partnerships to push the regime to advance some reforms and change.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Mono‐ and N,N‐Di‐Substituted Thioamides Mediated by 1‐Trifluoromethylsulfonylbenzotriazole.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Reactivity of Sulfur-Containing Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences