jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in the metabolomic profile of white adipose tissue in hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels

Hypothesis: Hibernator white adipose tissue will exhibit season-dependent remodeling of metabolic pathways. Methods: Thirteen-lined ground squirrels were captured near Lincoln, Nebraska, and housed in University of Nebraska-Lincoln veterinary facilities. Seasonal adjustments in environmental chamber lighting and air temperature were used to induce hibernation, and tissues were taken at different timepoints throughout the seasonal activity-torpor cycle. Polar compounds were extracted from white adipose tissue (N=47 across five groups) and analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) in both positive and negative ion modes. Spectra were aligned, and peaks detected and identified using MS2 libraries search (mzCloud, MoNA, in-house) with Compound Discoverer (Thermo). Normalized and QC corrected feature intensities were processed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for statistical analysis and pathway enrichment. Results: We identified 185 compounds and 85 compounds from positive and negative HILIC-MS, respectively, including 15 compounds identified in both ion modes. Unsupervised clustering using principal component analysis revealed discrete clusters representing the different seasonal timepoints throughout hibernation. One-way analysis of variance and feature intensity heatmaps revealed metabolites that varied in abundance between active and torpid timepoints. Pathway analysis compared against the KEGG database demonstrated enrichment of amino acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways among our identified compounds. Carnitine derivatives and ketones were among molecules found to be elevated during torpor-associated timepoints relative to the active state. Summary and Conclusion: We report here the polar metabolomic profile of ground squirrel white adipose tissue at different points throughout the seasonal hibernation cycle. We identified 255 compounds and showed seasonal differences in white adipose metabolites indicating a shift of hibernator metabolism associated with torpor. Our findings indicate it is possible that white adipose directly produces ketones, rather than solely relying on hepatic ketogenesis. As our results represent steady-state measurements of metabolite abundance, further work is currently underway to identify whether hibernator adipose tissue can directly synthesize these compounds and contribute to the elevated plasma ketone concentrations during torpor observed in previous work. Funding: University of Nebraska This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New emphases in demographic research after Bucharest?

This article assesses the extent to which demographic research has been affected by the World Population Conference at Bucharest. The broadening of the scope of the population concept brought about at Bucharest is discussed and 7 major points established there are listed. The 3 main sources of demographic data, censuses, vital statistics, and surveys, are examined to determine to what extent they are adaptable to the need for enlargement called for by the Conference. It is suggested that a "demographic observatory" be established to monitor not just fertility but all the population variables as set forth in the World Population Plan of Action. Needed research in fertility studies, morbidity and mortality, international migration, internal migration and rural development, population and development, projections, integration of population in economic planning, and other areas is indicated. In the future, attempts to explain population phenomena will need to go beyond demography itself, and this will call for true interdisciplinary cooperation in place of narrow specialization. Reorganization of research is needed, and a determined effort is necessary to establish new directions while protecting the freedom, scientific neutrality, and structures of the disciplines.

Topic: Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ABDOMINOPERINEAL LEVATOR ANI REPAIR FOR RECTAL PROLAPSE: TECHNIQUE

A review some twenty years ago of the then popular rectosigmiodectomy for complete rectal prolapse having shown an excessive recurrence rate and a high incidence of incontinence, it was felt essential to seek for a more satisfactory and reliable surgical procedure for its management. This was achieved in the form of an operation, carried out from above and below, approximating the levator ani anterior to the rectum. This has given very much more satisfactory results, and is described in detail in this paper.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contradictory Trends in Work Organization in the Banking Industry

Zusammenfassung: Der Aufsatz diskutiert neue Entwicklungstrends der Arbeitsgestaltung im Bankgewerbe vor dem Hintergrund veranderter, marktorientierter Formen der Unternehmenssteuerung. Konkret werden Arbeitszeit- und Vergutungssysteme betrachtet, momentan die Kernbereiche der Arbeitspolitik in Banken. Anknupfend an aktuelle industriesoziologische Debatten wird nach dem Zusammenhang von Arbeitspolitik und Unternehmenssteuerung gefragt. Fuhrt eine finanzialisierte indirekte Steuerung uber Kennziffern zu arbeitspolitischen Ruckschritten? Diese Frage wird differenziert beantwortet. In den untersuchten Fallen ist die Arbeitsgestaltung ein integrierter Bestandteil neuer Steuerungskonzepte. Partizipative Arbeitsgestaltung gilt als Triebkraft, nicht als Hindernis auf dem Weg zur indirekten Steuerung. Trotzdem sind Widerspruche zwischen indirekter Steuerung und partizipativer Arbeitsgestaltung unverkennbar. Diese Widerspruche ergeben sich aus der Unvereinbarkeit zentraler Vorgaben mit dezentralen Verhandlungsprozessen. Die indirekte Steuerung hebelt die diskursive Steuerung aus, weil sie den dezentralen Einheiten die Entscheidungsspielraume uber Ressourcen verweigert. Dies ist letztlich mikropolitisch als Machtproblem in den Unternehmen zu werten.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of Spinster homologue 2 (Spns2)‐dependent transport of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate as a therapeutic target

Abstract Background and Purpose Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator (SRM) drugs suppress immune system function by disrupting lymphocyte trafficking, but SRMs are broadly immunosuppressive with on‐target liabilities. Another strategy to modulate the immune system is to block S1P transport. This study tests the hypothesis that blockers of S1P transport (STBs) mediated by Spinster homologue 2 (Spns2) approximate the efficacy of SRMs without their adverse events. Experimental Approach We have discovered and optimized STBs to enable investigations of S1P biology and to determine whether S1P transport is a valid drug target. The STB SLF80821178 was administered to rodents to assess its efficacy in a multiple sclerosis model and to test for toxicities associated with SRMs or Spns2‐deficient mice. Further, potential biomarkers of STBs, absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) in blood and S1P concentrations in plasma and lymph, were measured. Key Results SLF80821178 resembles SRMs in that it is efficacious in a standard multiple sclerosis model but does not evoke bradycardia or lung leakage, common to the SRM drug class. Also, chronic SLF80821178 administration does not affect auditory responses in adult mice despite the neurosensorial hearing defect observed in Spns2‐null mice. While both SRM and STB administration decrease ALCs, the maximal effect is less with an STB (45% vs. 90%). STBs have minimal effects on S1P concentration in plasma or thoracic duct lymph. Conclusion and Implications We found nothing to invalidate Spns2‐dependent S1P transport as a drug target. Indeed, STBs could be superior to SRMs as a therapy to modulate immune system function.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evidence Summary: Hands on Digital Information Literacy Training from Peers is Preferred by Public Service Library Staff

Abstract\n\nA Review of:\nRobertson, R. (2014). Reframing ourselves: Digital information literacy skills of frontline public library staff. New Zealand Library and Information Management Journal, 53(3). doi:10.1080/00048623.2011.10722203\n\nAbstract\n\nObjective – To explore how and where public library employees acquire digital information literacy (DIL) skills.\n\nDesign – Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.\n\nSetting – Two public libraries in New Zealand.\n\nSubjects – Nine front line public library staff members.\n\nMethods – A convenience sample of nine library employees was interviewed about their existing DIL skills, how and where they learned them, any barriers to this learning, and how they defined DIL in others. Interviewees ranged in age from 40 to 64 and included both those new to libraries and those with over 25 years in the profession. The interview transcripts were analyzed for key themes and placed in the theoretical framework of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle (Robertson, 2014).\n\nMain Results – Five participants described their own DIL skills as average or below average. The remaining participants classified their skills as above average. Participants recounted acquiring DIL skills in the course of their work through formal workplace training sessions, peer support, or individual exploration; through personal exploration of tools on their own time; or through a mix of work and personal learning opportunities. The barriers they identified to their learning included insufficient time to train and practice the skills learned and the lack of access to relevant technologies. Participants noted problems such as accessing key hardware and insufficient Internet connectivity at work because of issues with organizational infrastructure and at home due to personal financial constraints. Participants largely preferred informal hands-on training by peers to formal training sessions, which were described by some as too general or held too far in advance of the implementation of new technology. The data suggested participants largely fell into Kolb’s accommodating or diverging learning styles because of their preference for “concrete experience” (Robertson, 2014).\n\nConclusion – Libraries may improve staff acquisition of DIL skills by increasing hands on learning opportunities and providing dedicated time to review and practice skills learned. Other suggestions included identifying potential digital peer mentors among staff and providing them with the necessary resources (time, money, and a defined role) to support their colleagues, breaking training into parts allowing time for practice, creating training plans tied to performance evaluation, and using incentives to encourage staff to participate in self-directed training.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermally Conductive Polyethylene/Expanded Graphite Composites as Heat Transfer Surface: Mechanical, Thermo-Physical and Surface Behavior

Composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and expanded graphite (EG) are prepared for heat exchangers in multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination. At 50 wt.% EG loading, the thermal conductivity of HDPE was increased by 372%. Moreover, the surface wettability of the HDPE/EG composite was enhanced by corona and RF plasma treatment as demonstrated by the increase in surface free energy from 28.5 mJ/m2 for untreated HDPE/EG to 55.5 and 54.5 mJ/m2 for HDPE/EG treated by corona and RF plasma, respectively. This enhanced surface wettability was retained over a long time with only a 9% and 18% decrease in RF and corona plasma-treated samples’ surface energy after two months. The viscoelastic moduli and the complex viscosity profiles indicated that EG content dictates the optimum processing technique. At loading below 30 wt.%, the extrusion process is preferred, while above 30 wt.% loading, injection molding is preferred. The plasma treatment also improved the HDPE/EG composite overall heat transfer coefficient with an overall heat transfer coefficient of the composite reaching about 98% that of stainless steel. Moreover, the plasma-treated composite exhibited superior resistance to crystallization fouling in both CaSO4 solution and artificial seawater compared to untreated composites and stainless-steel surfaces.

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
How moderation affects remote psychophysical tasks with children

The increasing use of remote platforms for auditory research necessitates more in-depth evaluation of assessment protocols, especially when working with children. This work investigates the influence of the presence of a moderator on remote audiovisual speech perception studies, by assessing how moderation impacts children's understanding and performance of the psychophysical tasks as well as their attention on these tasks. In sum, moderated and unmoderated methods can reliably assess audiovisual speech perception benefits. However, regardless of similar error patterns between both studies, unmoderated online studies with children are prone to more general attention lapses as suggested by higher overall error rates.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Getting to the heart of the rules on burden of proof

The exercise of the international adjudicatory function in disputes involving scientific uncertainty may meet its greatest test in relation to the allocation of the burden of proof. The traditional rule on the burden of proof has the potential to provide a high degree of predictability in international adjudication, yet there may arise cases where fairness calls strongly for an international court to reassess or adjust the allocation of the burden of proof. This may especially be so in the light of the precautionary principle. This chapter investigates the origins and the logic of the rule on burden of proof, establishing its parameters and the desirable directions for its future development. Chapter 6 then explores the potential for a modification in the articulation or application of the existing rules on burden of proof, in order to permit the reversal of the burden of proof to give effect to the precautionary principle.

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
DIESEL ENGINE OIL SELECTION

The paper describes a new and original method of utilising known design features of 4‐stroke and 2‐stroke trunk piston diesel engines for the purpose of enabling accurate selection of the correct type of lubricating oil to be made, in terms of performance level. Assessment is made on the basis of matching test engine parameters with those of the engine under examination. Slow speed crosshead 2‐ and 4‐stroke diesel engines with separate cylinder lubrication are not included. The important parameters of piston speed, b.m.e.p, heat input factor, and fuel sulphur content are used and graphs are provided which permit rapid selection of the type of lubricant most suited to meet the engine requirements. Lubricants are graded in terms of their ability to meet well known specifications which define performance standards by engine test techniques.

Topic: Technical Engine Diagnostics and Monitoring
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transverse effects in optical bistability: computations anti observations

The spatial profile of the output intensity of a bistable optical GaAs etalon 1 has been studied by imaging the output plane of the etalon onto a 15- μ m diam aperture with a magnification of 7X. The aperture was translated across the image plane, and the transmission was monitored with an 8852 photomultiplier tube having ≃ 5-nsec resolution. In the low-intensity linear regime the HWHM radius a at the sample was determined to be ≃5 μ m, corresponding to a Fresnel number F = na 2 / λL of 24 for the etalon of length L = 4.5 μ m and refractive index n = 3.5.

Topic: Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using error prone PCR in directed evolution to selected novel antibiotic resistances

The evolution of antibiotic resistance presents an escalating problem in the treatment of various infectious diseases worldwide. Although the origin of antibiotic resistance genes is not generally clearly documented, it has been thought that they evolved from specific genetic elements which eventually managed to spread to other microorganism of different strains and species through mobile genetics elements, transposons and plasmids. Extensively studying all aspects of these genes and their impact on the development of new treatments and drugs is of extreme importance. This study focuses on evolving and understanding how novel antibiotic resistance develops. Error prone PCR (EP-PCR) was used to introduce random mutation in an arr gene which confers high level resistance to rifampicin in E. coli. The clones obtained from EP-PCR were screened on different antibiotics with varying concentration in an attempt to isolate a clone with an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as compared to the wild type parent strain (pBstN49).&#13;\n&#13;\nSeveral clones showed decreased levels of resistance against rifampicin but however none showed any significant increase in any of the other antibiotic MICs tested.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transversely Loaded Framework Members

The standard method of strength calculation of a framework is based on the assumption that members are freely pinned together and external forces are applied only at nodes. Actually aircraft fuselage members are stiffly joined and transverse forces are often acting on them at considerable distances from nodes, e.g., weights of crew, instruments and oil, reactions of controls, stabiliser adjusting gear, etc. The safest method of computing stress in such members is to assume both ends pin—jointed. As they actually are stiffly connected to adjacent members, they are not allowed to twist freely, i.e. , the truss exerts moments on the loaded member. The effect of these end moments consists in diminishing deflection andfield moments. The decrease of maximum bending moment may attain nearly 50 per cent. Since framework members are designed to withstand axial forces only, viz., tension or compression, they are comparatively weak against bending and have to be strengthened appreciably if transverse forces are present.

Topic: Structural Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emerging e‐commerce business models: an analysis of case studies from West Lothian, Scotland

The paper surveys existing theory of e‐commerce business models and associated conceptual instruments. It employs three original case studies of SMEs using e‐commerce to demonstrate the dynamic nature of e‐commerce business models for networked SMEs. The idea of evolutionary business planning based upon Molina’s sociotechnical constituency approach and the diamond of alignment is introduced.

Topic: Digital Platforms and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Entire solutions of multivalued nonlinear Schrodinger equations in Sobolev spaces with variable exponent

We establish the existence of an entire solution for a class of stationary Schrödinger equations with subcritical discontinuous nonlinearity and lower bounded potential that blows-up at infinity. The abstract framework is related to Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces with variable exponent. The proof is based on the critical point theory in the sense of Clarke and we apply Chang's version of the Mountain Pass Lemma without the Palais-Smale condition for locally Lipschitz functionals. Our result generalizes in a nonsmooth framework a result of Rabinowitz on the existence of ground-state solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Building a Pentesting Lab

This chapter explains pentesting labs and how to build them in a lot more detail. Something to consider with complex labs is that the more complex the lab, the more electricity it will consume as well as the more heat it will output, which may also result in using more electricity in order to cool the area where the lab is located. The chapter describes Kali Linux, an operating system that was specifically designed for penetration testing. Some of the tools that are found in Kali Linux that are frequently used by pentesters include Nmap for exploring networks, Wireshark for looking at the data packets that are sent to and from computers through networks, and Metasploit as a network vulnerability scanning tool. The chapter presents a summary of some of the most common applications that pentesters use. The applications covered are PentestBox, VulnHub, and Offensive Security.

Topic: Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Spectrum of Relapsing Fever in the Rocky Mountains

Between 1940 and 1976, two cases of tick-borne relapsing fever were reported in Colorado, but since 1977, 23 confirmed cases have occurred. All patients had fever, with a mean of 2.8 febrile episodes (range, one to six). Complications included thrombocytopenia, endophthalmitis, meningitis, abortion, in utero infection, and erythema multiforme. All treated patients were eventually cured with antibiotics, although two pregnant patients failed to be cured by their initial courses of antibiotics. Seven of 21 treated patients had Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, three of whom required intensive care. Five of nine patients who received tetracycline at an initial dose of 5 mg/kg or more had reactions v none of four patients treated with lower doses. Possible causes of the recent increased incidence include increased physician awareness and reporting, improved diagnostic techniques, and an actual increase due to a larger population at risk. Because summertime visits to the Rocky Mountains are becoming increasingly popular, physicians elsewhere should know how to recognize and treat this condition.

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences