jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The photo‐gonadal response of a migratory bunting: Evidence of an external coincidence system

Abstract Male redheaded buntings ( Emberiza bruniceps ) were subjected to continuous darkness (DD) or short days (8L/16D) after photo‐stimulation (15L/9D) for either 15 or 30 days. Two groups of birds (four each), after photo‐stimulation for 30 days, were continued on a regimen of 15L/9D. Another two groups (of four each) of photo‐sensitive birds were also subjected to DD or 8L/16D; they served as controls. The effect of transfer to DD or 8L/16D on the size of testes was found not be dependent upon the size attained at the time of transfer. The rate of testicular regression was nearly the same under both the treatments, i.e., in those birds transferred either to DD or to 8L/16D. The birds that were maintained on 15L/9D maintained enlarged testes; this excluded the possibility of the onset of photo‐refractoriness during the treatment period. On the other hand, testes were not photo‐stimulated in the photo‐sensitive birds subjected to DD or 8L/16D. These results are consistent with the Bünning‐Pittendrigh avian external coincidence model, but could be explained alternatively by a relatively simple internal coincidence model. Nevertheless, the application of the law of parsimony suggests the acceptance of the hypothesis of the external coincidence model.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Collections, creators and copyright: views of Australian cultural professionals

Digital communications technology is dramatically affecting the management and consumption of cultural heritage material. The digital reproduction and dissemination of material held in public collections offers the promise of far wider access, greater audience interaction and innovative uses of cultural material. However, it also brings potential problems related to copyright law and possible conflicts with the economic and creative activities of the creators and copyright owners whose work is held in public collections. This report outlines views and understandings found from research into the sector in Australia.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Hybrid Modeling Approach Combining Machine Learning and Physical Phenomenological Methods to Predict Highly Transient Engine Emissions

<title>Abstract</title> Climate change has made low-emission propulsion technologies an increasingly important focus of development. Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), which operate locally emission-free and offer high overall efficiency, are one possible solution. However, they are limited by charging infrastructure and comparatively short ranges in the compact and midsize segments. Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) can mitigate these disadvantages and can reduce fuel consumption and emissions relative to purely internal-combustion-engine vehicles.Full exploitation of these benefits requires dedicated operating strategies that can be developed efficiently in simulation environments—provided that precise models of the vehicle subsystems and the environment are available. This work investigates various approaches for modeling emissions during highly transient engine operation, with an emphasis on forecasting emissions under real-driving conditions. Purely physics-based models are computationally expensive and lose fidelity during transients, whereas purely data-driven models require large, carefully curated data sets. Accordingly, this paper proposes a single hybrid architecture that combines a physical-phenomenological combustion/emission model with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network through a lightweight gray-box fusion layer.Machine-learning methods outperform the physical-phenomenological model in dynamic scenarios, achieving an RMSE of 0.0401 in test cycles. The model is therefore suitable for real-time control and optimization tasks. The parallel hybrid model further improves this result by approximately 25%, demonstrating that a data-based model can be enhanced with physical information without increasing the training effort.

Topic: Real-time simulation and control systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia associated with Hemihypertrophy: A case report

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymph vessels which ma- nifests as a protein losing enteropathy. We present a patient with chronic diarrhea, recurrent rectal prolapse and left upper limb hemihypertrophy associated with lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed with upper endoscopy and biopsy. Nutritional treatment was successfully begun.

Topic: Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crossbreeding in Swine: Experimental Results

A review of recent swine crossbreeding experiments is presented and integrated with earlier work. Variation among experiments in observed heterosis for specific crosses was large for reproduction and sow productivity traits. However, standard errors of estimates were also large. It seems likely that heterosis, expressed in absolute values or in percentage units, is different for specific crosses. It is unclear whether these differences are large enough to warrant the use of unique parameter values for comparisons of alternate mating systems. In addition to average heterosis values, average direct and maternal genetic effects are given.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of manipulation of number of tillers and water supply on grain yield in barley

Summaey The effects of several detillering treatments on dry-matter production and grain yield in barley were investigated in a series of pot experiments using two water regimes. When ample water was provided, even quite severe reductions in the number of tillers only slightly reduced grain yield in spite of large effects on total shoot dry weight. When all the plants were grown with the same amount of water, however, the plants with few tillers tended to have greater grain yield, higher water use efficiency (in terms of grain yield) and higher harvest index than the plants permitted to tiller freely. This effect was probably related to the greater transpiration rates from the freely tillering plants which led to their suffering a greater degree of water stress than the plants with few tillers. This led to the freely tillering plants having a greater proportion of sterile ears and a lower harvest index. Water stress apparently had no effect on the grain yield of the main shoot or first tiller. It is concluded that genotypes which produce few large tillers having a high rate of survival should be able to achieve relatively high yields in drought conditions without sacrificing yield potential under optimal conditions.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Seizures in Organ Transplant Recipients

Seizures are a nonspecific neurological manifestation of cerebral dysfunction and not indicative of any particular disease processes or pathology. As such, the evaluation and treatment of seizures in transplant patients generally follow the same clinical approach as for other patients. A seizure in a transplant patient is commonly unanticipated and entirely unexplained. The effects can be substantial with aspiration, loss of vascular catheters, and tissue trauma. Patients undergoing organ transplantation are at risk of seizures for multiple reasons, and while much of the neurological and transplantation literature reports on the incidence of seizures according to the particular organ transplanted, there are many similarities (e.g., Immunosuppression drugs) and we will try to concentrate on organ transplantation as a whole.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A case of pachygyria associated with total hemiatrophy and partial epilepsy.

身体半側萎縮症と部分てんかんを合併したpachygyriaの1例を報告する.症例は34才,女.小児期より軽い跛行が出現し,左上下肢が右側に比し細く短いのを自覚していた.昭和50年より時々左身体抑制発作が出現.昭和58年2月妊娠中に同発作が頻回となり,突然左姿勢発作が出現し,てんかん重積状態となつたため入院.臨床所見として左身体半側萎縮を認めた.頭部CT,および脳血管撮影において,右Sylvius裂・弁蓋部の形成不全とともに,右prefrontalよりprecentral regionにかけて皮質・脳回の肥厚を認め,頭部dynamic CTにて肥厚部が皮質と同様の時間-吸収値曲線を示すことから他の健常な皮質と同質と推測し,同部位に限局したpachygyriaと診断した.また,身体の萎縮側で皮膚温低下.発汗低下.指尖容積脈波上中枢性の細動脈反応の低下があり,筋生検ではtype II atrophyを認めた.従来, pachygyriaの生前診断は困難とされていたが,近年CT技法の発達に伴い数例の報告がみられるようになり,本症例の如く頭部dynamic CTをも用いることで診断は可能となつた.合併症については,部分てんかんの責任病巣はpachygyriaの部位と一致した.本症例のtype II atrophyはpachygyriaによる錐体路起始部の障害と関連があると考えられ,一方,自律神経障害を介しpachygyriaが半側萎縮症の成因となつた可能性が示唆された.本症は,形態的な奇形であるpachygyriaに対応する機能障害を呈した貴重な症例と考えられる.

Topic: Neurological diseases and metabolism
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The clinical approach to diabetic pediatric patients

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common serious metabolic diseases, with an onset in childhood and it may have a fatal evolution if the appropriate treatment is not administered. The pathogenic substrate of this condition is included in the spectrum of autoimmune diseases, a fact that predicts an accelerated evolution of symptoms. Ma­te­rials and method. The aim of this paper is to bring to fo­cus the clinical presentation of pediatric patients, whether through a classic symptomatology or a complicated form whose incidence is increasing worldwide. Results. The study was based on the descriptive analysis of clinical data from a group of 77 pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Thus, data were obtained regarding the pre­va­lence according to age and gender, the prevalence of auto­an­ti­bodies in the diagnosis of the disease, the incidence of the symptomatology at admission, the presence of de­hy­dra­tion syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of the pathology. Conclusions. All these clinical data are ex­tremely important in the diagnosis of the disease, but the follow-up of the child’s development parameters done by the family physician can suggest the existence of this di­sease, especially when predisposing factors are present, there­fore the diagnosis of diabetes is possible before com­pli­ca­tions appear. The family doctor has a particularly im­por­tant role, not only in the early diagnosis of patients with diabetes, but also in their multidisciplinary orientation through­out their lives.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Protective Effects of Thymus Vulgaris Oil Against CCL4-Mediated Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Immunosuppression in Male Albino Rats

A variety of alternative medicine is aromatherapy that uses essential oils for treating and preventing disease.The current study was applied to investigate the possible protective effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TEO) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) toxicity.Forty-eight rats were equally allocated into six experimental groups and effectively treated for 4 weeks as follows: control group; the group treated with CCl 4 (1ml/ kg b.w) CCl 4 twice a week; the groups treated daily with low and high doses of TEO (2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.w) and the groups received CCl 4 twice a week and treated daily with TEO at the two tested doses.At the end of the treatment period, blood and tissue samples were collected for estimation of hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, immunological parameters, and histopathological assessment, and immunohistochemistry for cleave caspase and PCNA in hepatic tissue.CCl 4 significantly decreased all hematological parameters except neutrophils and toxic neutrophils counts were significantly increased.Moreover, CCl 4 increased the liver enzymes level and hepatic oxidative stress parameters.Meanwhile, the antioxidants, respiratory burst, phagocytic, serum lysozyme, and bactericidal activities were significantly suppressed in CCl 4intoxicated rats .Also, CCl 4 raised serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and diminished IL-10, IL-12.It also increased caspase 3 and PCNA.The treatment with T. vulgaris oil attenuated the toxic effect of CCl 4 in all hematological parameters.It also reduced the hepatotoxic effect of CCl 4 , enhanced the antioxidant system, and improved the innate immune parameters and inflammatory markers to their normal level.Based on histopathological analysis T. vulgaris oil ameliorates hepatocellular necrosis induced by CCl 4 .Immunohistochemical assessment depicted lowered immunoreactivity against cleaved caspase-3 expression, significantly in comparison to CCl 4 treated group.Meanwhile, significantly increases at PCNA Immunoreactivity which indicates hepatocellular regeneration in T. vulgaris oil.More pronounced improvement was noticed in the group received the high dose of TEO.Our results suggested that Thymus vulgaris essential oil has a potential antioxidant activity and many protective effects against liver toxicity induced by CCl 4 and this protection was dose-dependent.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Neuroprotective effects of neuroactive steroids in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves

A large number of reports indicate that steroid hormones exert a large array of biological effects, including the control of sexual behavior, reproduction, development, stress, and the regulation of the activity of various important physiological systems such as the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Synthetic analogs of steroids are used for the therapy of various inflammatorydiseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory skin, muscle, or bowel disorders. In particular, glucocorticosteroids and their analogs remain the most effective therapy for inflammatory diseases despite the occurrence of diverse side effects (for reviews, see Barnes, 1998; Belvisi and Hele, 2003). These steroids induce anti-inflammatory actions either by inhibiting the expression of collagenase (the key enzyme involved in tissue degeneration during inflammatory mechanisms) and pro-inflammatory cytokines or by stimulating the synthesis of lipocortin, which blocks the production of eicosanoids (Firestein et al., 1991; Barnes and Adcock, 1994; Fakih et al., 2002; Sibilia, 2003). The therapeutic use of gonadal steroids and their synthetic analogs is also well established, particularly in the domain of oral contraception and for the treatment or prevention of various abnormalities correlated with menopause and andropause.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Advancing data race investigation and classification through visualization

Data races in multi-threaded programs are a common source of serious software failures. Their undefined behavior may lead to intermittent failures with unforeseeable, and in embedded systems, even life-threatening consequences. To mitigate these risks, various detection tools have been created to help identify potential data races. However, these tools produce thousands of data race warnings, often in text-based format, which makes the manual assessment process slow and error-prone. Through visualization, we aim to speed up the data race assessment process by reducing the amount of information to be investigated, and to provide a versatile interface that quality assurance engineers can use to investigate data race warnings. The ultimate goal of our integrated software suite, called RaceView, is to improve the usability of the data race information to such an extent that the elimination of data races can be incorporated into the regular software development process.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Response of Conifer Seedlings to Potting Medium Amendment with Meadowfoam Seed Meal

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L., Limnanthaceae) is an herbaceous winter-spring annual, grown as an oilseed crop in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, US and in New Zealand. The exceptionally high quality seed oil, consisting almost entirely of long-chain fatty acids, is used in cosmetics and lubricants. The seed meal (MSM) remaining after extraction of the oils with hexane solvent under elevated temperature is a granular by-product with little apparent commercial value, at present, except as an organic fertilizer or as an additive to livestock feed. However, MSM has some characteristics that suggest its potential utility in agriculture as a soil amendment to enhance plant growth and possibly suppress soil pests. For example, MSM contains the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin (Bartlett and Mikolajczak 1989; Vaughn et al. 1996) that, when hydrolyzed in the presence of the enzyme thioglucosidase glucohydrolase (myrosinase), can produce allelochemic compounds (aglycones), including isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles, and ionic thiocyanate (Van Etten and Tookey 1983), which have been shown to be potent biocides in soil (Bartlett and Mikolajczak 1989; Brown and Morra 1997; Deuel and Svensen 1999). Furthermore, MSM has been shown to have plant growth-enhancing properties of a phytohormonal nature (W.A. Deuel and S.E. Svensen, 1998, unpubl.; Deuel, US Patent No. 6,596,323 B1, 2003), but the nature of the responsible compound(s) remains unknown. At concentrations of MSM amendment to soil&amp;gt;2 % by volume, inhibition of seed germination and other herbicidal properties occurs. Vaughn et al.

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from The Immune-microenvironment Confers Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer through Macrophage-Derived IL6

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. However, the effects of TAMs in colorectal cancer are contradictory. We therefore investigated the functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of TAMs in colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We measured the macrophage infiltration (CD68), P-gp, and Bcl2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues using IHC staining. Coculture of TAMs and colorectal cancer cells both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; models was used to evaluate the effects of TAMs on colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Cytokine antibody arrays, ELISA, neutralizing antibody, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; TAM infiltration was associated with chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer–conditioned macrophages increased colorectal cancer chemoresistance and reduced drug-induced apoptosis by secreting IL6, which could be blocked by a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody. Macrophage-derived IL6 activated the IL6R/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells, and activated STAT3 transcriptionally inhibited the tumor suppressor miR-204-5p. Rescue experiment confirmed that miR-204-5p is a functional target mediating the TAM-induced colorectal cancer chemoresistance. miR-155-5p, a key miRNA regulating C/EBPβ, was frequently downregulated in TAMs, resulting in increased C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ transcriptionally activated IL6 in TAMs, and TAM-secreted IL6 then induced chemoresistance by activating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p pathway in colorectal cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data indicate that the maladjusted miR-155-5p/C/EBPβ/IL6 signaling in TAMs could induce chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p axis, revealing a new cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7375–87. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Observation of the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ Meson in Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV and Measurement of its Nuclear Modification Factor

The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson is observed for the first time in heavy ion collisions. Data from the CMS detector are used to study the production of the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV , via the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ → (J/ψ → μ$^+$μ$^−$)μ$^+$ν$_μ$ decay. The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ nuclear modification factor, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of production cross sections, is measured in two bins of the trimuon transverse momentum and of the PbPb collision centrality. The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$meson is shown to be less suppressed than quarkonia and most of the open heavy-flavor mesons, suggesting that effects of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy ion collisions contribute to its production. This measurement sets forth a promising new probe of the interplay of suppression and enhancement mechanisms in the production of heavy-flavor mesons in the quark-gluon plasma.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives on Teacher Attitudes in Professional Development Schools.

This paper examines teachers' attitudes toward issues central to the establishment and functioning of professional development schools in Jefferson County, Kentucky. These issues are teacher effectiveness and teacher empowerment. Like the professional development school concept itself, the reported is collaborative. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to gain a more complete picture of the day-to-day life in the professional development schools. In reporting results, both and school-reform concerns are addressed in an effort to enhance research conversations within schools and between schools and universities. In the first part of the paper, the collaborative context within which professional development schools have emerged is considered. The second part examines some of the findings of a survey of the 1,065 teachers and 85 administrators in the 24 participating schools, focusing on their responses to questions related to teacher efficacy and empowerment; the response rate was 93.6%. Section three presents related evaluative data derived from participant observation in their schools and interviews with staff members. Finally, consideration is given to the implications of the findings for school-university collaboration. (JD) Reproductions supplied by EbPS are the best that can be made from the origrmal document.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
2.The Legacy Fromjosephus

The works of Josephus have been a great source of information on the Samaritans, ever since they were created. Even today-with an increased amount of material-Josephus constitutes a most valuable source from antiquity on this question. This chapter focuses on the legacy from him. He has influenced the image of the Samaritans in several ways, even their own image of themselves. Already in antiquity, Josephus influenced the understanding of the origin of the Samaritans. Some examples of this may be found in the church fathers. The Samaritans do not have to explain their origin, as they envisage themselves as descendants of the original Israel. Instead, the existence of the Jews demands explanation and this is found in the Chronicles.Keywords: church fathers; Josephus; Samaritans; the Chronicles

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences