jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioluminescence imaging of Cyp1a1-luciferase reporter mice demonstrates prolonged activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the lung

Abstract Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling integrates biological processes that sense and respond to environmental, dietary, and metabolic challenges to ensure tissue homeostasis. AHR is a transcription factor that is inactive in the cytosol but upon encounter with ligand translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of AHR targets, including genes of the cytochrome P4501 family of enzymes such as Cyp1a1 . To dynamically visualise AHR activity in vivo, we generated reporter mice in which firefly luciferase ( Fluc ) was non-disruptively targeted into the endogenous Cyp1a1 locus. Exposure of these animals to FICZ, 3-MC or to dietary I3C induced strong bioluminescence signal and Cyp1a1 expression in many organs including liver, lung and intestine. Longitudinal studies revealed that AHR activity was surprisingly long-lived in the lung, with sustained Cyp1a1 expression evident in discrete populations of cells including columnar epithelia around bronchioles. Our data link diet to lung physiology and also reveal the power of bespoke Cyp1a1-Fluc reporters to longitudinally monitor AHR activity in vivo.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Indian Satrapies under Alexander the Great

Alexander’s administrative arrangements in India are an obscure and somewhat neglected subject. The obscurity is due to a crucial lacuna in the narrative sources, which take us to a crisis in government but say nothing of its resolution. Late in 325 the satrap of northern India, Philip son of Machatas, was assassinated by some of his native mercenaries. In his place Alexander appointed the native prince Taxiles to govern the territory along with Eudamus (the officer commanding the satrapal army of Thracians) until such time as he sent out a new satrap from court. Nothing more is heard of a replacement or of India. The sources foreshadow an administrative change but never report the outcome. Instead we have to wait for the reports of the satrapal distributions of Babylon and Triparadeisus, in which the division of the Indian provinces is sensibly different from what it had been in Alexander’s day. The change may be due to the king himself or to his successors. Both views have been stated, but the issue has never been fully argued and it is worth reopening. It has important implications for Alexander’s view of empire in his last years and for the status of India in his imperial plans.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Formation of mental disorders in dysmenorrea at early reproductive age

Clinical-psychopathological examination has been carried out as well as quality of life has been studied in female patients with dysmenorrea in period of puberty and at early reproductive age. It has been revealed that mental disturbances in studied nosology were represented by their high prevalence. In girls-adolescents with this pathology neurotic reactions were found more frequently, in women with dysmenorrea at early reproductive age persistent neurotic states predominated. It has been shown that formation and dynamic of mental disorders were determined by somatogenic, psychogenic and social factors.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
555 Disaccharidase Dilemma in Adults: Utility of Routine Assays in Diagnostic Upper Endoscopies

INTRODUCTION: Disaccharidase assay for evaluating abdominal pain has been well studied in the pediatric population. Deficiency of lactase or sucrase-isomaltase can present with chronic diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, and bloating in such patients. However, the prevalence of disaccharidase deficiencies in adult populations with such symptoms has not been well delineated. METHODS: Distal duodenal specimens from 100 patients with above symptoms, who underwent an upper endoscopy (EGD) at an outpatient facility were submitted for disaccharidase assay. Standardized laboratory cut off values were used to determine disaccharidase levels that were outside the normal range. Statistical analysis was done to determine the frequencies of abnormal disaccharidases. Analysis of the group, with normal or low lactase/sucrase and presenting clinical features, was performed. RESULTS: Mean age of study patients was 52 years and 46% of the patients were male. The racial distribution was as follows: 45% White, 23% Hispanic, 18% Asian, 6% Black, 8% other. Table 1 shows the frequencies of normal and low values for these patients. 84% of the cohort had low lactase, 21% had low sucrase, and 11% had all 4 values in normal range. Figure 2 shows the distribution of the remaining patients who had at least 1 abnormal disaccharide. CONCLUSION: The association between abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate malabsorption in adults is widely recognized, but testing is rarely performed by gastroenterologists in clinical practice. Dietary recommendations are often made empirically. We investigated the prevalence of low disaccharidase levels in the adult population with above symptoms. Besides lactase deficiency, a significant number of patients also had deficiency of sucrase, maltase and palatinase. While this study cannot establish a causal relationship between low levels noted and patient symptoms, this information can be used to recommend appropriate diets or the use of lactase and sucrase enzyme supplements offering a more selective approach in patient care.

Topic: Digestive system and related health
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimal Pilfering Policies for Dynamic Continuous Thieves

This paper considers the problems of a dynamic continuous thief, such as a habitual shoplifter or a gas siphoner, who must choose the pilfering rate (which increases the probability of his arrest over time) to maximize the present value of his total expected gain over a given finite or infinite horizon. The gain function incorporates the amount of pilfering, the one-shot penalty at the time of arrest and the continuous punishment subsequent to arrest. A thief is classified as a profit-maximizer, a kleptomaniac, or a risk-averter depending on whether he considers his gain function to be linear, convex, or concave in the pilfering rate, respectively. Optimal pilfering rates are obtained for each of these different types of thieves by using the methods of optimal control. It is shown that the optimal pilfering policy of a profit-maximizing thief is bang-bang, i.e., either to pilfer at the maximum possible rate or not to pilfer at all. In the particular case of a finitely-lived profit-maximizing thief, the optimal policy is not to pilfer while the thief is young and then to pilfer at the maximum rate toward the end of his life so that the continuous punishment subsequent to his arrest will not last too long. In the infinite horizon cases, both the profit-maximizing thieves and kleptomaniacs will either never pilfer or pilfer at the maximum rate depending on whether the parameters of the problem they are facing are unfavorable or favorable. The risk-averse thief, on the other hand, would settle at an intermediate pilfering rate throughout the infinite horizon. Finally, it is expected that knowledge of these optimal policies will have implications for the allocation of money between police, courts and penal institutions.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
DRIVI NG-POINT- IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT AND BALUN DESIGN FOR SPIRAL ANTENNAS

Measured impedance data are presented for two planar, equiangular, printed-circuit, two-arm, spiral antennas not mounted over cavities. Compact baluns with flat form factors were designed to match the average antenna impedance over the radiating frequency band found from these measurements, to an unbalanced 50-ohm impedance. The measured impedance and loss characteristics of the compact baluns, data showing the effect on antenna impedance of running a twin-lead transmission line close to the antenna, and impedance data for two complete balun/antenna configurations in free space are also presented.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Inhibited experimental mouse corneal neovascularization by CCR3 antagonist].

Alkali-induced corneal neovascularization was inhibited by CCR3 antagonist. The mechanism that CCR3 pathway plays an important role in corneal neovascularization needs further exploration.

Topic: Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Validation of a Novel Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) Biosensor to Measure Tensile Forces at the LINC Complex in Live Cells

There is a large body of evidence supporting the theory that cell physiology largely depends on the mechanical properties of its surroundings or micro-environment. More recently studies have shown that changes to intra-cellular mechanical properties can also have a meaningful impact on cell function and in some cases lead to the progression of ailments or disease. For example, small changes to the protein sequence of a structural nuclear envelope protein called lamin-A is known to cause a variety of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases referred to as laminopathies. Currently, there is little incite into how these mutations lead to disease progression due in part to an inability to measure protein-specific mechanical changes and how these alterations may relate to disruptions in intra-cellular signaling or function. \\par To improve upon the ability to measure mechanical properties inside living cells, a previously validated, genetically-encoded resonant energy transfer (FRET)-force biosensor was modified to localize to the nuclear envelope. This biosensor integrated into the nuclear envelope protein Nesprin-2G and senses small deformations that are resolved by indirect measurements of spectroscopic fluctuations in the fluorescent emission of the sensor. To accurately measure these changes, a new spectral-imaging technique named SensorFRET was developed which can resolve small changes in the FRET sensor under varying levels of fluorescent intensity and with known absolute precision. Using SensorFRET, the Nesprin-2G biosensor (Nesprin-TS) reported changes in actomyosin contractility, nuclear shape, and nuclear deformation. Using Nesprin-TS, fibroblasts derived from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) reported less force on Nesprin-2G molecules relative to healthy fibroblasts on average.\\par To demonstrate how intra-cellular forces on the nucleus may impact normal cell physiology, bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were genetically modified such that the cytoskeleton was decoupled from the nucleus by saturating KASH binding proteins with a non-functional truncated protein called DN-KASH. MSCs treated with DN-KASH preferentially differentiated into osteocytes (bone cells) at a higher rate than MSCs exposed to osteogenic growth factors. This osteogenic preference after DN-KASH treatment was independent of the cell substrate topology and did not significantly alter integrin expression. However, this tendency to differentiate into osteocytes was dependent on substrate stiffness. Overall, the data imply that an intra-cellular force-dependent mechanism connected to the cell nucleus strongly influences MSC differentiation.

Topic: thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunoregulatory effects of bone marrow MSCs in GVHD model rats

This study aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on graft versus host disease(GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT).MSCs from bone marrow cells of SD rats were isolated and cultured in vitro;allogeneic BMT model from SD rats to radiated Wistar rats was established,then MSCs were cotransplanted with bone marrow cells at different ratios,and the suppressive effects of MSCs on GVHD were studied by general appearance,lifespan,and pathological changes of target organs.Percentage of Foxp3+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed by cell immunology chemical method;effects of MSCs on concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum of peripheral blood were determined by ELISA assay;effect of MSCs on cytotoxicity of CTL was investigated by MTT method after spleen mononuclearcells of recipient rats were induced.We found that cotransplantation with mesenchymal stem cells in rats after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation decreased the incidence rate of GVHD obviously,alleviated pathological damage,and prolonged survival time.In cotransplantation groups,the level of IFN-γ was decreased,but the level of IL-4 increased markedly in serum of peripheral blood(P 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with GVHD group,percentage of Foxp3+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell increased obviously(P 0.05) and cytotoxicity of CTL was impaired in cotransplantation groups.We concluded that MSCs may inhibit the development of GVHD,reduce the severity of pathology impairment,and prolong survival time of recipient rats through the immunoregulatory effects.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on the Implementation of Stunting Prevention Programs in Indonesia through ProQuest

Abstract : This study conducted a bibliometric analysis and visualization using VOSviewer to examine the implementation of stunting prevention programs in Indonesia. Over the past five years, there has been a significant increase in publications related to this topic, totaling 447 documents. The analysis revealed fluctuating publication trends annually, reflecting evolving research interests and methodologies. Visual network mapping identified four main clusters: (1) policy focus on stunting prevention, program effectiveness, and risks; (2) database review, coverage assessment, and risk factors; (3) infant health, risk factors, and assessments; and (4) sanitation, meta-analysis, and policy implications. These clusters highlight diverse research focuses, including policy management, data analysis, risk factors, and sanitation impacts on stunting prevalence. Integration of various datasets through overlay visualization provided insights into complex interactions influencing stunting prevalence across Indonesian districts. This research offers deep insights into the dynamics of stunting prevention program research and development in Indonesia, serving as a foundation for evidence-based policymaking and guiding future research strategies. Based on the findings and discussions, this study suggests the need for further research focusing on the district-level effectiveness of interventions against child stunting by enhancing community engagement in intervention and policy implementation. Community engagement can significantly reduce stunting prevalence by enabling better adoption of local nutrition and sanitation practices, strengthening program sustainability through active participation in planning and implementation, and building community capacity to promote sustainable behavior change at the individual and family levels.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Cross-matching of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells eliminates recipient immune targeting

Abstract Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used clinically for decades, without cross-matching, on the assumption that they are immune-privileged. In the equine model, we demonstrate innate and adaptive immune responses after repeated intra-articular injection with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched allogeneic MSCs, but not MHC matched allogeneic or autologous MSCs. We document increased peri-articular edema and synovial effusion, increased synovial cytokine and chemokine concentrations, and development of donor-specific antibodies in mismatched recipients compared with recipients receiving matched allogeneic or autologous MSCs. Importantly, in matched allogeneic and autologous recipients, but not mismatched allogeneic recipients, there was increased stromal derived factor-1 along with increased MSC concentrations in synovial fluid. Until immune recognition of MSCs can be avoided, repeated clinical use of MSCs should be limited to autologous or cross-matched allogeneic MSCs. When non–cross-matched allogeneic MSCs are used in single MSC dose applications, presensitization against donor MHC should be assessed.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular cloning of a dithiol glutaredoxin cDNA from sweet potato

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) play an important role in the reduction of protein glutathione mixed disulfides. An IbGrx cDNA encoding a putative dithiol Grx has been cloned from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam). The deduced amino acid sequence is conserved among the reported dithiol Grxs having CGYC dithiol motif at the active site. To characterize the IbGrx protein, the coding region has been subcloned into an expression vector and transformed into E. coli . The recombinant His 6 ‐tagged IbGrx has been overexpressed and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a monomeric band as demonstrated by 15% SDS‐PAGE. The enzyme has relatively low K M value for HED, suggesting that it can catalyze the reduction of glutathione mixed disulfide efficiently using GSH as reductant. The enzyme has been characterized in terms of thermal stability, the influence by pHs, imidazole, or proteases sensitivity. The enzyme appears to be stable under various conditions. These properties may be beneficial for its potential medical applications considering the numerous functions of Grxs in many cellular processes. This work was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan under grant NSC 100‐2313‐B‐019‐003‐MY3 to C‐T. Lin.

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ANALYSIS THE MOBILE BANKING USAGE AND THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION POTENTIAL OF MOBILE BANKING IN PADANG

The programs of Bank Indonesia to make the financial inclusive success are by socializing mobile financial services and branchless banking. One of the mobile financial service channel is mobile banking. This paper tried to understand the financial inclusion potential of mobile banking and individual characteristics associated with the use of mobile banking. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey through a judgmental sampling method with total of 400 questionnaires. The respondents studied here is urban population that considered as representative of mobile banking user in Padang. The data analyzed through binary logistic regression and qualitative techniques. There are almost half of the population can be categorized fully banked in Padang. It was during 35% of the underbanked and become unbanked around 19.25%. The data show mobile banking usage was still low in Padang. Total of 80.75% respondents who owned a savings account in a bank, only 31.75% used mobile banking, the rest nearly half of bank account holder did not use mobile banking services. It means Padang has the huge market potential to expand mobile banking usage. It became an opportunity for banks to engage people to use of banking services. The result found a positive relationship between gender and occupation, but the effect is not significant to use mobile banking. The age of respondents only has negative relationship with the mobile banking usage. It shows that age, income and education are the most important factor influencing the adoption behavior user of mobile banking.&#13;\nKeywords : Access of Financial; Banking; Financial Inclusion; Logistic Regression, Mobile Banking

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Significance of Psychodynamic Discourse for the Field of Consciousness Studies

Despite the obvious confluence of concerns between psychodynamic psychology and the emerging field of consciousness studies, the extent to which psychodynamic thinking has factored into the consciousness literature has been limited. With widespread interest in “the unconscious” having significantly diminished, the present paper asks what might be implied in the shift towards the notion of “consciousness”—what about this cross-disciplinary designation has come to attract attention not only within the academic world, but also in the popular press? That the term does indeed invite contributions from a variety of disciplines makes the field both a meeting space, and a battleground. It is posited that the field of consciousness studies can be considered both a reaction to, and a reflection of, the evolving nature of psychoanalysis in the English-speaking world. After demonstrating the ways in which depth psychological discourse is implicated in the debates around consciousness, the author suggests why the notion of an unconscious mind might profitably be adopted in the consciousness literature. Stressing the clinical and ethical significance of an assumed capacity for creative autonomy in individuals, this paper grounds itself in a fundamental concern for the sociopolitical dimensions of the consciousness debates.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Come costruirsi un grigliato NTv2 in casa

For those working with spatial data in a geographic information system (GIS), one of the most frequent activities (and, not infrequently, even frustrating) concerns the transformation of coordinates between different reference systems. Among the various methods used to make coordinate transformations between different datum, those who make use of gratings deviations allow for a high degree of accuracy overwide geographic areas, provided, however, that they are reliable values of the deviations assigned to the nodes. In the article, after having explained the standard specifications NTv2, is described, in broad terms, the general procedure that allows us to estimate variances when the coordinates are known, referring to two different datum, a set of points evenly distributed on area of interest.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences