jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Intrapleural Space : A Rare Case

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are part of the Ewings’ Sarcoma family of tumors which includes highly malignant tumors sharing the feature of round small cell in histopathology. Theses tumors involve the skeletal and extraskeletal tissue, most importantly is chest wall involvement. We present a case of a young adult who was diagnosed with intrapleural masses, which proved to be of primitive neuroectodermal origin. Histopathology was crucial in the diagnosis, and elimination of differentials. On the other hand, PET-CT imaging played an important role in primary staging, diagnosis and proper assessment of tumor extension level.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tris(diorganophosphino)methanes and Derivatives

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growth of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and expression of Sme efflux pumps encoding genes in the presence of supernatants from amoebal and bacterial co‐cultures: towards the role of amoebal secondary metabolites

Summary Resistance‐Nodulation‐Division (RND) efflux pumps are relevant determinants of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia multidrug resistance as they can extrude a broad range of antibiotics and compounds involved in virulence and physiological functions. S. maltophilia , an environmental bacterium, was shown to be associated with amoebae and able to multiply inside them. To explore whether S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps play a role when interacting with amoebae, we evaluated the effect of amoebal culture and co‐culture supernatants on the growth of S. maltophilia and the expression of sme efflux pump genes. Acanthamoeba castellanii and Willaertia magna were used as amoebal models and strain S. maltophilia BurE1 as bacterial one. Our data showed that both bacterial growth and sme gene expression were not modified by amoebal culture supernatants. On the contrary, co‐culture supernatants negatively impacted the growth of BurE1 and induced the expression of three out of eight efflux pump genes, i.e. sme E, sme N and sme Z. Finally, we evidenced the production of A. castellanii secondary metabolites, putatively belonging to the diterpene family, in the amoebal supernatant and in the co‐culture supernatant of A. castellanii and BurE1. Whether these compounds act directly as substrates of the efflux pumps and/or inducers of the sme genes need further investigations.

Topic: Infections and bacterial resistance
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enteric nervous system development: migration, differentiation, and disease

The enteric nervous system (ENS) provides the intrinsic innervation of the bowel and is the most neurochemically diverse branch of the peripheral nervous system, consisting of two layers of ganglia and fibers encircling the gastrointestinal tract. The ENS is vital for life and is capable of autonomous regulation of motility and secretion. Developmental studies in model organisms and genetic studies of the most common congenital disease of the ENS, Hirschsprung disease, have provided a detailed understanding of ENS development. The ENS originates in the neural crest, mostly from the vagal levels of the neuraxis, which invades, proliferates, and migrates within the intestinal wall until the entire bowel is colonized with enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs). After initial migration, the ENS develops further by responding to guidance factors and morphogens that pattern the bowel concentrically, differentiating into glia and neuronal subtypes and wiring together to form a functional nervous system. Molecules controlling this process, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor RET, endothelin (ET)-3 and its receptor endothelin receptor type B, and transcription factors such as SOX10 and PHOX2B, are required for ENS development in humans. Important areas of active investigation include mechanisms that guide ENCDC migration, the role and signals downstream of endothelin receptor type B, and control of differentiation, neurochemical coding, and axonal targeting. Recent work also focuses on disease treatment by exploring the natural role of ENS stem cells and investigating potential therapeutic uses. Disease prevention may also be possible by modifying the fetal microenvironment to reduce the penetrance of Hirschsprung disease-causing mutations.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FIG. 6 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978

FIG. 6. — Collarina denticulata Harmelin, n. sp.: A, non-ovicelled autozooids with paired avicularia, three spines and large costate shield with prominent medial crest running into the apertural bar; B, ovicelled zooids, note the shape of the orifices and the poorly prominent ooecia built by the autozooid distal to the maternal zooid; C, distal part of a non-ovicelled zooid showing the particular shape of the orifice, the spines with conical base and the paired avicularia with narrow rostrum; D, oblique view of the distal part of a non-ovicelled zooid showing the apertural bar, the sub-pedunculate avicularia and the spine bases; E, oblique view of the proximal part of an autozooid showing the pedunculate marginal pelmatidia and the poorly developed gymnocyst; F, lateral portion of the costate shield with oblong intercostal lacunae; G, autozooid with adventitious avicularia with nested cystids. Origin: A, D, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1917, Marseille, Frioul; B, C, E, F, Medes Is. on Pinna shell; G, Port-Cros, Bagaud Is., on stone. Scale bars: A, B, 200 µm; C-E, G, 100 µm; F, 50 µm.

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bursting properties of caudal neurosecretory cells in the flounder <i>Platichthys flesus, in vitro</i>

SUMMARY Bursting activity in type 1 Dahlgren cells was studied using intra- and extracellular recording from an in vitro preparation of the caudal neurosecretory system of the euryhaline flounder. 45% of cells showed spontaneous bursts of approximately 120s duration and 380s cycle period. Similar bursts were triggered by short duration (&amp;lt;5s) depolarising or hyperpolarising pulses. Cells displayed a characteristic depolarising after potential, following either an action potential with associated afterhyperpolarisation, or a hyperpolarising current pulse. This depolarising after potential was related to a ‘sag’ potential, which developed during the hyperpolarising pulse. Both the depolarising after potential and the sag potential occurred only in cells at more depolarised (&amp;lt;60mV) holding potentials. In addition, the amplitude of the depolarising after potential was dependent on the amplitude and the duration of the hyperpolarising pulse. The depolarising after potential following action potentials may provide a mechanism for facilitating repetitive firing during a burst. Extracellular recording revealed similar bursting in individual units which was not, however, synchronised between units. Spontaneous bursting activity recorded both intra- and extracellularly was inhibited by application of a known neuromodulator of the system, 5-hydroxytryptamine. This study provides a basis for investigating the relationship between physiological status, Dahlgren cell activity and neuropeptide secretion.

Topic: Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integrated RF photonic oscillators based on monolithic crystalline resonators

We report on our recent experiments involving tight packaging of RF photonic oscillators based on optical Kerr frequency combs generated in nonlinear optical microresonators. The devices with volume not exceeding one cubic centimeter characterized with phase noise approaching -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz frequency offset are demonstrated at 26 GHz and 28 GHz. Possibilities of tuning the oscillators with a piezo-actuator are discussed.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Barrel Jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) as Source of Antioxidant Peptides

The jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo, Macrì 1778 (Cnidaria, Rhizostomae) undergoes recurrent outbreaks in the Mediterranean coastal waters, with large biomass populations representing a nuisance or damage for marine and maritime activities. A preliminary overview of the antioxidant activity (AA) of R. pulmo proteinaceous compounds is provided here based on the extraction and characterization of both soluble and insoluble membrane-fractioned proteins, the latter digested by sequential enzymatic hydrolyses with pepsin and collagenases. All jellyfish proteins showed significant AA, with low molecular weight (MW) proteins correlated with greater antioxidant activity. In particular, collagenase-hydrolysed collagen resulted in peptides with MW lower than 3 kDa, ranging 3–10 kDa or 10–30 kDa, with AA inversely proportional to MW. No cytotoxic effect was detected on cultured human keratinocytes (HEKa) in a range of protein concentration 0.05–20 μg/mL for all tested protein fractions except for soluble proteins higher than 30 kDa, likely containing the jellyfish venom compounds. Furthermore, hydrolyzed jellyfish collagen peptides showed a significantly higher AA and provided a greater protective effect against oxidative stress in HEKa than the hydrolyzed collagen peptides from vertebrates. Due to a high reproductive potential, jellyfish may represent a potential socioeconomic opportunity as a source of natural bioactive compounds, with far-reaching beneficial implications. Eventually, improvements in processing technology will promote the use of untapped marine biomasses in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical fields, turning marine management problems into a more positive perspective.

Topic: Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of Quail (Coturnix japonica) Production in Benin Republic

Background and Objective: Despite the health benefits associated with the consumption of meat and eggs of quails, the management of the birds is still in rudimentary state in Benin.The aim of this study was to characterize quail production in Benin.Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted on thirty quail farmers through an interview supported by a structured questionnaire using the snowball method.The multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCFA) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) methods were used for statistical analysis.Results: The results showed that quails were raised for profitability, prestige and medicinal uses of their eggs.Quail farmers were predominantly male (93.3%) and the birds were reared in urban and peri-urban areas.Three types of quail production were identified as types I, II and III, with average flock sizes of 1288.3±955.02,947.4±537.55 and 13171±6931.6,respectively.The majority of type I and III farmers were educated (100 and 80%, respectively) and trained in quail production (88.89 and 80.00%, respectively) unlike type II (educated: 11.76% and trained: 17.65%).Conclusion: There are on-going efforts to improve the productivity of quails in Benin Republic.Formal training is needed and more women should be encouraged to participate.

Topic: Livestock and Poultry Management
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Congestion Pricing in the Netherlands

In this paper I study the congestion in the Netherlands, specifically Rotterdam. Congestion is one of the biggest problems that economies are facing nowadays. Economic growth, along with the population growth, is one of the main causes of congestion. At the same time, this growth is under pressure because of congestion. Something has to be done.
In London there is a good working congestion pricing system, the London Congestion Charge. A closer look at this system learns that its success is mainly due to a positive public opinion and a reliable public transport system. The absence of these two make it very doubtful that a similar congestion charge could work in Rotterdam.
I therefore started to look for other possible solutions and came across the slot reservation system. The system is not yet implemented anywhere. This not only makes it hard to compare but this also brings some favourable and unfavourable features with it. I think Rotterdam and the Netherlands are not yet ready for the implementation of such a system.
A comparison of the two systems learns that the congestion charge is slightly better, mainly because of the applicability of an existing system compared to that of a new one. Overall can be concluded, that the Netherlands are not yet ready to implement a [new] congestion pricing system. As long as there is no shift in dogma, chances are that implementation will lead to failure.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantitative study of rigid-body and respiratory motion of patients undergoing stress and rest cardiac SPECT imaging

In our previous work we investigated the technique of obtaining patient motion estimates from retro-reflective markers on stretchy bands wrapped around the chest and abdomen of patients undergoing cardiac SPECT perfusion imaging [1]. Motion signals obtained from the markers were separated into two components, body motion (BM) and respiratory motion (RM). In this paper we studied the frequency of occurrence, the time and the extent of estimated body motion of patients, and the extent of respiratory motion. Additionally, studies were grouped by Stress or Rest imaging to determine statistically significant differences in respiratory and body motion. Based on 80 studies, with 40 pairs of Stress and Rest motion data, we found 39% of studies containing 3-6 mm and 10% containing more than 6 mm of body motion during emission imaging. About 26% of the studies contained body motion more than 3 mm during transmission imaging. In 21% of the studies, large respiratory baseline drift of more than 6 mm was observed. Stress and Rest studies showed significant differences in body motion and respiratory motion, all of which were associated with change in respiration due to stress.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation on the Medicinal Plant Resources of Li Minority in Baoting County,Hainan Province

An investigation was taken on wild medical plants resources in Nangeng and Chaoba village which are Li minority in Baoting county,Hainan province.The investigation shows that there are 225 species(186families,83 genera) of vascular plant,including 6 species(6 families,6 genera) of fern,2 species(2 families,2 genera) of gymnosperm and 217 species(75 families,178 genera) of angiosperm.It contains 13 species of Hainan endemic species(Cycas hainanensis C.J.Chen、Cyclea hainanensis Merr.、Stephania hainanensis H.S.Lo et Y.Tsoong.、Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm.、Nephelium topengii(Merr.)H.S.、Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen etc.),7 species of national protected plants(Cyathea podophylla(Hook.) Cop.、Euphoria longan(Lour.)Steud.、L.chinensis Sonn.var.cuspontanea Hsue etc.),5 species of protective plants in Hainan province(Cratoxylon ligustrinum(Spach.)Bl.,Amesiodendron chinense(Merr.)Hu,Euphoria longan(Lour.)Steud.,Litchi chinensis Sonn.,Nephelium topengii(Merr.)H.S.etc.) and 15 species of folk medicines which are not recorded in documents or were not further studied before(Casearia membranacea Hance,Mukia javanica(Miq.) C.Jeffrey,Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt etc.).After analyzed the families and genera's characteristics of the medicinal plants resources of Li minority in Baoting county,the results show that those medical plant resources distribution is more centralized in families(Papilionaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Compositae,Zingiberaceae,Verbenaceae,Rutaceae,Saplandaceae,Umbelliffrae and Rubiaceae etc.) but is comparatively scattered in genera(only 30 genera have 2 and more than 2 species in 186 genera).

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Commodity Currencies Revisited

I build an exchange rate strategy that trades currencies conditional on changes in the global prices of commodity indices; hence, termed “commodity strategy”. First, I document that commodity prices have signicant out-of-sample forecasting ability for the future exchange rates of several commodity exporters and importers at the daily frequency. However, I report that the reverse forecasting relationship does not survive out-of-sample testing. Second, I find a signicant cross-sectional spread, in both spot and excess returns, of 6% p.a. between the currencies that are predicted to appreciate and those that are predicted to depreciate. The returns appear to be uncorrelated to those of popular exchange rate strategies such as the carry trade and currency momentum. Furthermore, the spread in returns is not explained by traditional risk factors; however, it is partly accounted for by the strategy’s high transaction costs. Net probability can be restored by either implementing a simple market timing rule or by investing in developed markets with low costs and high liquidity.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Double-Step Unscented Kalman Filter and HMM-Based Zero-Velocity Update for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using MEMS Sensors

In this paper, we propose a novel method for pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) using microelectromechanical system magnetic, angular rate, and gravity sensors, which includes a double-step unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) and hidden Markov model (HMM)-based zero-velocity-update (ZVU) algorithm. The DUKF divides the measurement updates of the gravity vector and the magnetic field vector into two steps in order to avoid the unwanted correction for the Euler angle error. The HMM-based ZVU algorithm is developed to recognize the ZVU efficiently. Thus, the proposed PDR method can reduce the position drift caused by the heading error and fault zero-velocity measurement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better yaw estimate, as well as zero-velocity measurement, and obtains more accurate dead-reckoning position than other methods in the literature.

Topic: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production and Heat-Stable Characteristics of Emulsion Made from Buckwheat Sprout Extracts

메밀 성분 중 루틴의 추출 효율을 높이기 위해 메밀을 발아한 후 루틴 및 polyphenol 추출 효율이 높은 추출방법을 선택하였다. 메밀의 발아는 흙 재배가 효율적이었으며, 8일 후에는 polyphenol 함량이 10.66 mg/g으로 메밀 종자에 함유되어 있던 polyphenol 함량의 10배 이상 높은 양을 얻을 수 있었다. 발아 메밀에서 추출된 루틴을 포함한 polyphenol 성분은 에멀젼을 제조하여 열에 대한 안정성을 높이는데 효율이 있는지를 확인하였다. 에멀젼은 homo mixer만을 통과시키는 것보다 유압식 균질기를 통과시켰을 때 포접 효율이 높을 뿐만 아니라 열처리 온도에 대하여 열 안정성이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells

Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identifying the Needs of Electric Power Industry through Online Job Ads: A Mixed-methods Approach

Abstract With policies and projects charting the net zero future of the electric power system, new jobs are created to meet the increasing demand for electrical engineers in integrating renewable energy resources. Despite universities' efforts to prepare students for the workforce, the industry still faces a talent shortage, resulting from a gap between the fast-evolving industry expectations and the quickly outdated university curricula. The lack of systematic methods to understand authentic industry needs is one of the root causes of the gap. This paper proposes a holistic process for identifying the knowledge and skills in demand in the electric power industry by analyzing public data - job advertisements (job ads). The job ads are scraped from major online job boards and screened with a data selection framework. A mixed-method approach is applied to analyze the data, involving both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of this study provide a benchmark for tertiary engineering educators on what to include in their curricula to better adapt the courses and training provided and equip students with up-to-date knowledge and skills for the fast-changing industry. This approach can also be applied to other disciplines to identify the demand of the evolving job markets to produce job-ready graduates in the relevant areas.

Topic: Management and Marketing Education
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantum Pumping with Adiabatically Modulated Barriers in Three-Band Pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl Systems

In this work, pumped currents of the adiabatically-driven double-barrier structure based on the pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl fermions are studied. As a result of the three-band dispersion and hence the unique properties of pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl quasiparticles, sharp current-direction reversal is found at certain parameter settings especially at the Dirac point of the band structure, where apexes of the two cones touch at the flat band. Such a behavior can be interpreted consistently by the Berry phase of the scattering matrix and the classical turnstile mechanism.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences