jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crospovidone and Microcrystalline Cellulose

Crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are pharmaceutical fillers well known in the pulmonary pathology literature. Fillers are inactive substances incorporated into medications to facilitate drug delivery. By examining 545 consecutive gastrointestinal surgical specimens from 302 patients between September 11, 2015 and October 23, 2015, we identified the fillers in 29 specimens from 26 patients. The control group consisted of an equal number of consecutive site-matched specimens collected during this same time. Pertinent clinicopathologic data were analyzed, and 1 case was subject to special stains. To confirm the histologic diagnosis, a variety of fillers and medications common to the patients were processed. The fillers were found in 9% of all patients, and there were no specific clinicopathologic associations. In the gastrointestinal tract, crospovidone is nonbirefringent and has a coral shape with each segment composed of a pink core and purple coat; MCC is brightly birefringent with matchstick shape and clear color. Identical material was seen in the processed crospovidone and MCC powders, as well as oxycodone-acetaminophen and omeprazole tablets. In summary, crospovidone and MCC are common, biologically inert, and they are most often seen in the small bowel. Their presence outside of the luminal bowel may serve as a surrogate marker for perforation. Awareness of their morphology is important to distinguish fillers from parasites, calcifications, and other medications, particularly those linked to mucosal injury. We report the unique histomorphologic profile of these fillers as a helpful diagnostic aide, and caution that the fillers have slightly divergent features when compared with those described in the lung.

Topic: Potassium and Related Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improvements in physical fitness of non-psychotic psychiatric patients following psychomotor therapy programs.

In order to improve both muscular and cardio-respiratory fitness in these patients, a balanced personalized training program, which includes aerobic and resistance training, is necessary during a period of at least 8 weeks. The less specific GPMT, when followed for a period of 16 weeks, is sufficient for improving muscular fitness and for maintaining cardio-respiratory fitness.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A simulation-based binomial model for building development appraisal

Purpose Building developments are often capital intensive, have a long payback period and many associated risks and uncertainties. This makes investments in building projects to be a big challenge. This study aims to develop a computerized simulation-based binomial model (CSBBM) for building investment appraisal with a view to improving the economic sustainability of proposed building projects. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical equations and algorithms were developed based on the binomial method (BM) of real options analysis and then implemented on a computer system. A hybrid algorithm that integrates Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and BM was also developed. A real-life project was used to test the model. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to explore the influence of input variables on development option value (DOV). Findings The test result shows that the model developed provides a better estimate of the value of an investment when compared with traditional net present value technique, which underestimate the value. Moreover, inflation rate (i) and rental value (Ri) are the most sensitive variables for DOV. An increase in i and Ri by just 5% causes a corresponding increase in DOV by 202% and 132%, respectively. While the least sensitive variable is the discount rate (r), as an increase in r by 5% causes a corresponding decrease in DOV by just 9%. The CSBBM is capable of determining the optimal time of development of buildings with an accuracy of 80.77%. Practical implications The hybrid model produces higher DOV than that of only the BM because MCS considers randomness in uncontrollable variables. Thus, building investment decision-makers should always use MCS to complement the BM in an investment analysis. Originality/value There is limited evidence on the use of this kind of hybrid model for determining DOV in practice.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The child with febrile seizures.

Febrile seizures are common in children. They are associated with disease outside of the central nervous system and are usually generalized, brief and self-limited. History and physical examination are usually sufficient to rule out central nervous system disease, and an extensive laboratory work-up is seldom indicated. Prophylaxis with antiseizure medications is only indicated in certain circumstances. The major risk in one febrile seizure is the increased likelihood of another.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endoparasites of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) in Southern Ukraine

One of the main tasks of ecological parasitology at the present stage is to establish patterns of spread of invasive diseases of animals in the environment through a thorough epidemiological examination, as well as to determine the main directions and factors of spread of parasites in Ukraine. Among the many pathogens, endoparasites play a major role in a number of diseases in rabbits with increased morbidity and mortality. In the body of both wild and domestic rabbits several species of parasites that form a parasitocenosis can be localized. The latter have a pathogenic effect on organs and tissues, leading to reduced weight gain, premature slaughter and even mortality. The prevalence of endoparasitoses was studied in weaned rabbits 60 days of age, 120 days of age at fattening, 180 days of age – mating age and adults of 320 days of age to determine the extensiveness and intensity of the dominant invasion. A total of 720 head was studied, 180 animals from each age group. Three species of nematodes were recorded in the rabbits: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800), Nematodirus leporis (Ransom, 1907) and Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819); the cestode Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780); three species of Emeria: Eimeria stiedae (Lindermann, 1865), which parasitizes in the bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder, E. magna (Perard, 1925) and E. media (Kessel, 1929) – in the epithelial cells of the intestine. The prevalence of the infestation depends on the age of the animals. According to the data obtained, eimeriosis was one of the main parasitic diseases of the rabbits. Dominant invasions of Eimeria in the intestines of 60-day-old rabbits were found in the studied animals, their extensiveness reached 19.4%, while the spread of hepatic Eimeria was registered in 13.3% of the examined rabbits. The total infestation of weaned rabbits with helminths was 22.2%, in rabbits for fattening – 26.7%, and in rabbits of mating age and adults – 20.0% and 20.6%, respectively. Global climate change will change the distribution and dynamics of soil-borne helminthiases, but host immunity may also affect host-parasite interactions. Subsequent studies will be aimed at elucidating the effect of mono and mixed invasions on the body of rabbits. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain rabbit health and reduce economic losses.

Topic: Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Learning-based real-time method to looking through scattering medium oriented to practical application.

Strong scattering medium brings great difficulties to optical imaging, which is also a problem in medical imaging and many other fields. Optical memory effect makes it possible to image through strong random scattering medium. However, this method also has the limitation of limited angle field-of-view (FOV), which prevents it from being applied in practice. In this paper, a kind of practical convolutional neural network called PDSNet is proposed, which effectively breaks through the limitation of optical memory effect on FOV. Experiments is conducted to prove that the scattered pattern can be reconstructed accurately in real-time by PDSNet, and it is widely applicable to retrieve complex objects of random scales and different scattering media.

Topic: Random lasers and scattering media
Subfield: Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Traps and Seals I: Structural/Fault-Seal and Hydrodynamic Traps

This text is a reprint of earlier papers which are part of the Treatis of Petroleum Geology. This text is part of a two volume set on oil and gas traps. The papers in these two volumes deal mainly with the mechanics of trapping hydrocarbons and with trap types. Methods of exploring for traps are discussed in another volume entitled Methods of Exploration. Numerous case studies and fluid mechanics papers are provided in this text along with the classification techniques.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Daniel K. Gardner and Mark C. Carnes. Confucianism and the Succession Crisis of the Wanli Emperor, 1587.

Reacting to the Past (RTTP) presents an innovative pedagogical strategy for teaching students history. The series includes games in which students adopt roles and discuss key issues and ideas. Divided into factions, students compete for victory objectives by persuading other students to adopt any number of policy directions. Students are immersed in the time period as they interpret their roles. They are also introduced to the emotional world of historical actors for three to four weeks. The pedagogy uses these emotions to spur research, writing, and public speaking. It works. I have assigned six different games in my courses over the past fifteen years, and Confucianism and the Succession Crisis of the Wanli Emperor, 1587 is one of my favorites. Having played the game three times, I can offer a number of reflections on its value. The game centers on the interpretation of one key text, The Analects, by Kong Fuzi, or Confucius (551–479 b.c.e). An additional text, Ray Huang’s 1587: A Year of No Significance; The Ming Dynasty in Decline (1981), provides historical context. The game book itself also provides historical information and sets the rules of engagement. Instructors download the accompanying student roles, handouts, and secret instructor’s manual from the RTTP website.

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Design Strategies for High-Efficiency Ratiometric Two-Photon-Excited Fluorescent and Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Probes for Hypochlorous Acid

Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) plays a critical role in the natural defense system, but excessive production of HOCL leads to many diseases. It is very essential to monitor the distribution and level of endogenous HOCL. However, the applicable two-photon-excited fluorescent (TPEF) and phosphorescent probes for biological imaging and quantitative detection is rare due to low efficiency and vague mechanism. Therefore, we thoroughly researched the electron structures and luminous mechanisms of turn-on and ratiometric TPEF probe compounds and provide design strategies for high-efficient ratiometric TPEF probes. The designed ratiometric TPEF probe benza1-COCL and product benza1-CO have quite large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections (143 GM/898 nm, 168 GM/988 nm), high fluorescence efficiencies (0.15, 0.28), and spectral resolution, contributing to the real-time monitoring level of HOCL in vivo. Besides, a long-lived two-photon-excited room-temperature phosphorescent probe benza2-COCL is provided first, which possesses a large TPA cross section (144 GM/838 nm) and time-resolved biological imaging (1.09 ms).

Topic: Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
PECULIARITIES AND PROBLEMS OF THE APPLICATION OF COUNTERPART SECURITY IN THE CONSIDERATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR THE ARREST OF A SEAGOING VESSEL FOR SECURING A CLAIM IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities and problems of the application of Counterpart security in the consideration of applications for the arrest of a seagoing vessel for securing a claim in civil proceedings.The practice of local courts is analyzed in the context of observance of the basic principles of civil justice and the provisions of the International Convention Relating to the Arrest of Sea-Going Ships dated 1952, May 10, identified the problems of the use of counterpart security in the consideration of relevant applications, formulated conclusions and recommendations for improvement of procedural law, and the practical application of the rules governing securing a claim by arresting a ship.In connection with the changes that were made to the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, it was supplemented by the rules on counterclaim in the event of the court taking measures to secure a claim on the claimant’s claim in the case. The issue of securing a claim by way of arrest of a ship was also settled in more detail.The case-law analysis shows that there is no uniform approach to the use of counterpart security when considering applications for securing a claim by arresting a ship. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the peculiarities of the use of counterpart security when taking measures to secure a claim in the form of arrest of a ship to secure a maritime claim and to reflect them in the relevant procedural legislation.The purpose of the article is to analyze the rules of civil procedural law governing the counterpart security in the context of its application in the event of a ship arrest, analysis of local courts in the context of compliance with the basic principles of civil justice and the provisions of the International Convention Relating to the Arrest of Sea-Going Ships dated 1952, May 10, the identification of problems with the use of counterpart security in the hearings of relevant applications, formulation of conclusions and recommendations on the improvement of civil procedural law, and practical application of the rules governing the securing of a claim by arrest of a seagoing vessel.

Topic: Legal Studies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Don't Leave Me Now - Organizational Responses to Collective Employee Turnover

While a vast body of literature provides important insights into how organizations may proactively seek to control collective turnover levels, few studies examine whether and how organizations might respond reactively to turnover when it deviates from expected levels. We integrate insights from the behavioral theory of the firm and human resource management literature to develop theory and test hypotheses about how collective turnover relative to aspirations may impact human capital investments including employee compensation, on-the-job training and off-site training investments. Results obtained from a unique panel dataset pertaining to 19 years of data from 1,920 Belgian firms are largely supportive of our theory. Turnover above aspirations positively influences compensation, yet negatively influences investments in off-site training. These results provide important contributions to research on collective turnover, human resource management and performance feedback.

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow around an Airfoil with Blunt Trailing Edge

This paper is a computational study of the behaviour of aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil with blunt trailing edge and investigates the effects caused by modifications made to the trailing edge, on aerodynamic performance. Blunt trailing edge airfoils are of interest in the engineering of large wind turbine blades because they allow for a strong structure with a high aerodynamic lift to structural weight ratio. Blunt trailing edge airfoils would not only provide a number of structural benefits, such as decreased structural volume and ease of fabrication and handling, but they have also been found to improve the lift characteristics of thick airfoils. The incorporation of blunt trailing edge airfoils would allow blade designers to more freely address the structural demands without having to sacrifice aerodynamic performance. These airfoils do have the disadvantage of generating high levels of drag as a result of the low-pressure steady or periodic flow in the near-wake of the blunt trailing edge. Also vortex shedding in these airfoils induces fluctuating loads and radiated noise. In the present investigation, we tested the effects of two cavities on the base drag and wake of an airfoil with blunt trailing edge. In two-dimensional subsonic flows, any method that increases the base pressure of the airfoil with blunt trailing edge consequently reduces the base drag. The base pressure increases subsequent to the introduction of the cavity to the trailing edge. Moreover the cavity causes the trapping and stabilizing of the vortex.

Topic: Wind Energy Research and Development
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Bacterial Aryl Sulfotransferases: Effective Tools for Sulfation of Polyphenols

The preparation of pure metabolites of bioactive compounds, particularly (poly)phenols, is essential for the accurate determination of their pharmacological profiles <i>in vivo</i>. Since the extraction of these metabolites from biological material is tedious and impractical, they can be synthesized enzymatically <i>in vitro</i> by bacterial PAPS-independent aryl sulfotransferases (ASTs). However, only a few ASTs have been studied and used for (poly)phenol sulfation. This study introduces new fully characterized recombinant ASTs selected according to their similarity to the previously characterized ASTs. These enzymes, produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, were purified, biochemically characterized, and screened for the sulfation of nine flavonoids and two phenolic acids using <i>p-</i>nitrophenyl sulfate. All tested compounds were proved to be substrates for the new ASTs, with kaempferol and luteolin being the best converted acceptors. ASTs from <i>Desulfofalx alkaliphile</i> (<i>Dal</i>AST) and <i>Campylobacter fetus</i> (<i>Cf</i>AST) showed the highest efficiency in the sulfation of tested polyphenols. To demonstrate the efficiency of the present sulfation approach, a series of new authentic metabolite standards, regioisomers of kaempferol sulfate, were enzymatically produced, isolated, and structurally characterized.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research and Development for the Risk Assessment System of City Gas Transmission and Distribution Networks

The paper discusses the basic theory of risk assessment and improves the method proposed by W. Kent Muhlbauer through analyzing and studying a large number of documentation, including the method of risk assessment and development of system. The risk assessment index-system is determined by the method of multiple analysis and Delphi. Based on the method, the risk assessment system of city gas transmission and distribution networks is developed, which realizes the functions of risk source management, risk analysis, system management and so on.

Topic: Smart Grid and Power Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New lumbricid records (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in Ontario, Canada while searching for the invasive Asian "jumping worms" (Megascolecidae)

Recent collections have provided seven new county records of terrestrial earthworms in the province of Ontario, Canada. Allolobophora chlorotica in one county, Dendrobaena octaedra in one county, Dendrodrilus rubidus in one county, Eisenia fetida in one county, Lumbricus castaneus in one county, Octolasion cyaneun in one county and O. tyrtaeum in one county. These collections were made in an attempt to expand the range of invasive Asian "jumping worms" (Megascolecidae).

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: The Need to Assess Patient-Reported Outcomes

TO THE EDITOR: In their recent contribution to Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yu et al reported on toxicity profiles of stereotactic body radiation therapy in 1,335 patients with early-stage prostate cancer, as compared with a matched cohort of 2,670 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The authors used procedural and diagnostic codes from a Medicare database as indicators of specific genitourinary and GI complications. This approach deviates from the standard procedure to objectively rate organ-related toxicity after cancer treatment, that is, describing adverse events according to a well-defined classification, such as the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Toxicity-related codes in the Medicare database could, however, serve as a surrogate of objective toxicity, especially considering some of the definitions in the CTCAE. For instance, “intervention indicated” or “operative intervention indicated” are among the criteria used to define grade 2 or grade 3 urinary toxicities such as incontinence or noninfective cystitis in the CTCAE system. Therefore, documented use of specific medical services after a cancer treatment is a potentially useful indicator of treatment tolerance and of toxicity. However, none of these approaches describes the true burden of adverse events for individual patients with prostate cancer. Especially in prostate cancer, for which different treatment strategies such as prostatectomy and radiotherapy have been shown to have similar disease-related outcomes (eg, biochemical control), self-assessment of patient-reported outcomes, such as symptoms and quality of life, using validated questionnaires has been highly informative regarding patterns of symptom development and resolution after specific treatments. Smaller studies also comparatively evaluated the profiles of competing radiotherapy techniques, such as 3D-conformal radiotherapy versus high-dose-rate brachtherapy boost in prostate cancer. In the absence of data from randomized clinical trials comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy of prostate cancer with intensity-modulated radiotherapy, a cross-sectional quality-of-life study in comparable cohorts of patients treated with these techniques could be a next step to test the hypothesis that stereotactic body radiotherapy results in increased chronic genitourinary toxicity.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Compression of the peripheral branches of the sciatic nerve by lipoma.

The authors report two female patients with chronic sensitive and motor findings in lower limbs caused by compression of distal branches of sciatic nerve by lipoma. Similar cases were not described on literature. Nerve conduction studies allowed to localize the exact site of compression. At surgery, lipomas compressing the deep peroneal nerve (case 1) and the posterior tibial nerve (case 2) were observed. Histologic studies of tumors confirmed the diagnoses.

Topic: Musculoskeletal synovial abnormalities and treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences