jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical synthesis of (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranan by ring-opening polymerization of a 1,3-anhydro sugar derivative

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical synthesis of (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranan by ring-opening polymerization of a 1,3-anhydro sugar derivativeMasahiko Okada, Yoshitaka Yamakawa, and Hiroshi SumitomoCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 25, 6797–6799Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00025a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00025a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and development of hybrid solar dryer for flowers

A hybrid solar dryer was developed consisting of three shelves of 0.55 m2 area each in the drying chamber. This dryer works on the principal of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic system. The performance evaluation was done with rose and marigold flowers. It was found that both flowers when dried at 45Â°C were significantly (P &lt;0.05) better in terms of retention of anthocyanin and carotenoid content, shape, texture, brittleness, intactness, colour and per cent reduction in diameter. Moisture content (w.b) reduction from 90â€“14%, total drying time (h), reduction in diameter (%), overall drying rate (%/h) and anthocyanin content (mg/g) for solar dried sample was 31.66, 7.43, 2.32 and 2.49 respectively, whereas for control (sun dried) it was found to be 53.66, 17.85, 1.38 and 1.21 respectively. The time of drying was lesser by 65% and 70% for rose and marigold flowers when dried in solar dyer.The sensory analysis showed that solar dried samples were superior in terms of shape, colour, texture, brittleness and intactness as compared to control. Thus the overall acceptability of flowers dried using the developed dryer was better.

Topic: Food Drying and Modeling
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Emerging Trends in Biological Control Agents for Food Safety Applications

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the use of biological control agents (BCAs) in food safety, with a particular focus on bacteriophages, bacteria-based agents, fungi-based agents, and parasitoids. It begins with an introduction and the historical perspective of using BCAs in food safety, and highlights the various types of BCAs available for use. In addition, it also discusses the various biocontrol approaches that can be adopted for phages. The use of bacteria-based BCAs, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is also discussed in detail, with an emphasis on their ability to produce organic acids, bacteriocins, and other antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, this chapter explores the use of fungi-based agents, which have been found to be effective in controlling fungal and bacterial pathogens in crops and post-harvest products. The mechanisms of action of these agents are also discussed. Finally, the chapter sheds light on the challenges associated with the use of BCAs, including regulatory and safety concerns, as well as the need for proper monitoring and quality control measures. In conclusion, the use of BCAs in food safety has shown tremendous potential in reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses and improving food quality.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Inflammatory and immune responses are impaired in mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Gene targeting was used to produce mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or CD54, an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule that binds beta 2 integrins. Homozygous deficient animals develop normally, are fertile, and have a moderate granulocytosis. The nature of the mutation, RNA analysis, and immunostaining are consistent with complete loss of surface expression of ICAM-1. Deficient mice exhibit prominent abnormalities of inflammatory responses including impaired neutrophil emigration in response to chemical peritonitis and decreased contact hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Mutant cells provided negligible stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, although they proliferated normally as responder cells. These mutant animals will be extremely valuable for examining the role of ICAM-1 and its counterreceptors in inflammatory disease processes and atherosclerosis.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Farm water use efficiency assessment for smallholder pumped irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya

Water use efficiency for irrigated agriculture still remains low.  This presents a risky trend in the near future due to diminishing water resources as well as rising population demanding increased food supplies.  The objective of the study was to investigate pumped irrigation methods used by smallholder farmers in the arid and semi-arid land environments as well as assess the water use efficiency during crop production under usual farmer management.  The study was carried out in Mitubiri location of Kakuzi division and Kithimani sub location of Yatta division, Kenya.  Observational study during the field transect walks in the study sites identified methods of irrigation used by the smallholder farmers, water conveyance as well as application methods and the soil physical properties.  Questionnaires were developed and administered to 80 farmers in order to find out the socio-economic status of the people and the agricultural practices carried out.  A detailed study was carried out in 10 experimental plots set in the study areas.  Water losses during conveyance and application were assessed in the experimental plots.  Of the five farms where water conveyance was through secondary canals, the mean water conveyance efficiency was found to be 81.4%.  Water application efficiency in the ten blocks under different crops grown i.e. baby corns ( Zea mays L.), French beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L) and water melon (citrullus lanatus) in the months of April to July 2009 was assessed.  On average, water application efficiency ranged from 19.5% to 30 % for the crops assessed which was far below the recommended range of 65% for surface irrigation methods.  The study hence shows that there is a need to improve water use efficiency in smallholder irrigated agriculture in order to conserve water and ensure no shortages of water during the times of high water demand.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fostering enterprise architecture education and training with the enterprise architecture competence framework

Enterprise architecture (EA) implementation refers to a set of activities ultimately aiming to align business objectives with information technology infrastructure in an organization. EA implementation is a multidisciplinary, complicated and endless process, hence, calls for adequate education and training programs that will build highly skilled personnel (called enterprise architects) with diverse competencies. This development of domain‐specific competencies is also supported by European policies on education and vocational training. To this end, the authors present training uses of the Enterprise Architecture Competence Framework (EA‐CF). EA‐CF is a proposed conceptual model that describes EA competencies in compliance to the European e‐Competence Framework (e‐CF). The authors argue that EA stakeholders can consult the framework regarding competencies they want to underpin and thus identify the corresponding skills, knowledge and attitudes that result as learning outcomes in EA courses and training programs.

Topic: Information Technology Governance and Strategy
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma by means of in situ RT-PCR].

The in situ RT-CPR technique has been first adapted in Russia to detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). A total of 18 patients with CHC and HC were examined. Fourteen (78%) samples were ascertained to be positive. A positive reaction was found in 2 of 3 patients with HC. A label was revealed in individual hepatocytes without any regularity in the distribution along the tissue section. A reaction was negative in all samples from control groups. The label was observed in both the cytoplasm and the hepatocytic nuclei. There was no correlation between the degree of hepatic lesion, estimated after Knodelle, the results of the classical RT-CPR and the in situ RT-CPR techniques.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Goodpasture Syndrome Treated With Immunosuppression and Plasma Exchange

A 23-year-old man with Goodpasture syndrome was treated with immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange for moderately severe renal insufficiency and recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage. Both conditions resolved. (Arch Intern Med137:1076-1078, 1977)

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gender differences in blood pressure control during a variety of behavioral stressors.

This study assessed gender differences in hemodynamic response patterns to behavioral stressors. In addition, the extent to which gender differences in cardiovascular reactivity were a function of the type of challenge was determined by employing tasks relying on stereotypically male areas of competence and a task relying on stereotypically female areas of competence. Sixteen female and 15 male graduate, medical or dental students were exposed to two speech tasks and two math tasks. While there were no significant differences in blood pressure reactivity between the genders, females exhibited significantly greater cardiac output increases across all tasks than males, while males tended to respond with greater increases in total peripheral resistance compared with females. Furthermore, during two of the tasks, significantly more females were classified as myocardial hyperreactors (based on increases in cardiac output), while significantly more males were vascular hyperreactors (based on increases in total peripheral resistance). A post hoc analysis also indicated an apparent association between oral contraceptive use and higher cardiovascular reactivity among the females tested. This association may have been a consequence of the decision to test all women during days 10 to 14 of the menstrual cycle when reactivity in women not using oral contraceptives may be suppressed.

Topic: Medical Education and Admissions
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prostate Cancer Disparities in an Incarcerated Community

Abstract : The Prostate Cancer Health Disparities Training Award is intended to provide early career researchers the opportunity to acquire training that will promote careers focused on improving prostate cancer outcomes, and decreasing prostate cancer disparities. Award W81XWH-11-1- 0729, PC102033, focuses on providing training to Principal Investigator (PI) Meghan E. Borysova, Ph.D., through a detailed training program coupled with conducting research on prostate cancer disparities in a department of corrections. The PI is a postdoctoral fellow in the College of Public Health (COPH) at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida; institutions which view Health Disparities as a matter of public health concern and work tirelessly to improve health of all individuals and communities. The training component of this award includes direct mentorship, attendance at conferences, seminars, lectures, presentations of data through meetings and manuscripts, grant writing experience, professional networking and coursework. The research component of this award includes conducting a 10-year retrospective analysis of incidences and mortality of prostate cancer among incarcerated communities, and studying the cross-racial and ethnic prevalence of conjectural behaviors and biological markers associated with increased and decreased risks for prostate cancer within the incarcerated population.

Topic: Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thompson Sampling under Bernoulli Rewards with Local Differential Privacy

This paper investigates the problem of regret minimization for multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems with local differential privacy (LDP) guarantee. Given a fixed privacy budget $ε$, we consider three privatizing mechanisms under Bernoulli scenario: linear, quadratic and exponential mechanisms. Under each mechanism, we derive stochastic regret bound for Thompson Sampling algorithm. Finally, we simulate to illustrate the convergence of different mechanisms under different privacy budgets.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Origins of natural gases and enviromnent of their generations, based on N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios.

N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios and their isotopic ratios of gas samples from exploration and production wells of oils and natural gases in the Tohoku district, Japan, were measured for discussing the origins of natural gases. Their plots of N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios from the Green Tuff region and non-volcanic area show the common distribution with positive correlation, being lower than those of geothermal and volcanic gases which contain the magmatic gas with higher N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios in the Northeast Japan. In their distribution zone, the gases collected from formations with high maturity level of organic matter show high N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios, while the gases from the formations with its low maturity level give their low ratios. The natural gases of their high ratios contain thermogenic CH4 and N2 accompanied by Ar having high 40Ar/36Ar ratios deep-seated in the crust. On the other hand, the gases with low N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios are characterized mainly by biogenic CH4 and atmospheric N2 and Ar with low 40Ar/36Ar ratios. These results indicate that natural gases from the Green Tuff formations rarely contain magmatic N2 and CH4. Furthermore, the correlation between N2/Ar and He/Ar ratios of natural gases seems to be useful in estimating their origins and the environment of their generations.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Low-Light Image Enhancement Using Photometric Alignment with Hierarchy Pyramid Network

Low-light image enhancement can effectively assist high-level vision tasks that often fail in poor illumination conditions. Most previous data-driven methods, however, implemented enhancement directly from severely degraded low-light images that may provide undesirable enhancement results, including blurred detail, intensive noise, and distorted color. In this paper, inspired by a coarse-to-fine strategy, we propose an end-to-end image-level alignment with pixel-wise perceptual information enhancement pipeline for low-light image enhancement. A coarse adaptive global photometric alignment sub-network is constructed to reduce style differences, which facilitates improving illumination and revealing under-exposure area information. After the learned aligned image, a hierarchy pyramid enhancement sub-network is used to optimize image quality, which helps to remove amplified noise and enhance the local detail of low-light images. We also propose a multi-residual cascade attention block (MRCAB) that involves channel split and concatenation strategy, polarized self-attention mechanism, which leads to high-resolution reconstruction images in perceptual quality. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method on various datasets and significantly outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in detail and color reproduction.

Topic: Image Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Human factors in requirements engineering:

Requirements engineering (RE) is an inherently social process, involving the contribution of individuals working in an organizational context. Further, failures in the RE process will potentially lead to systematic failures in the products that are produced as a result. Consequently, the RE process for dependable systems development should itself be considered as a dependable process, and therefore subject to greater scrutiny for vulnerabilities to error. Research on human error has typically focused on the work of individual actors from a cognitive perspective. This paper presents a survey which broadens the view on what contributes to human error by also examining work from the social and organizational literature. This review was conducted to inform efforts to improve the systems development process for dependable systems, and in particular their requirements engineering process

Topic: Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Seismic analysis according of reinforced concrete structures according to HRN ENV 1998 and EN 1998

U ovom radu se uspoređuju proracunski spektri odgovora pri djelovanja potresa, dobiveni prema hrvatskoj normi (HRN ENV 1998) i europskoj normi (EN 1998), a za proracun armirano-betonskih zgrada. Proracunski spektri odgovora pri djelovanju potresa prema HRN ENV 1998 i EN 1998 dobiveni su za razlicite faktore ponasanja, odnosno za pojedine vrste konstrukcija: okvirne sustave, zidne sustave i sustave s jezgrom. Rezultati su prikazani za: (1) pojedine seizmicke zone, odnosno projektna ubrzanja tla (2) za odgovarajuce razrede tla i (3) za razrede niske, srednje i visoke duktilnosti a-b konstrukcija zgrada.

Topic: Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Self-Monitoring on the Classroom Preparedness Skills of Kindergarten Students at-risk for Developmental Disabilities

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to examine the effects of a self-monitoring procedure on the classroom-preparedness skills of three male kindergarten students at risk for developmental disabilities in an inclusive classroom. A multiple-baseline design across participants (Alberto &amp; Troutman, 2009) was used to evaluate the effects of the self-monitoring procedure to increase the student's compliance to classroom-preparedness behaviours. Participants were taught to self-monitor and evaluate their classroom-preparedness behaviour using a checklist with picture prompts. The data, gathered for baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases, was measured as a percentage of compliance to the targeted classroom-preparedness skills. Results indicated that the use of the self-monitoring intervention significantly increased the student's compliance with the classroom-preparedness skills for all three participants. In addition, the skills generalised across different content areas and were maintained without the use of the checklist. Limitations of the study, implications for the classroom, and future research questions are discussed.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Autonomic Nervous System; Relation Between Prostate Enlargement and LUTS

1 Orhan Unal Zorba1, Yuksel Cicek2, Hakki Uzun1, Serkan Kirbas5, Kadir Onem3, Mehmet Cetinkaya4 1Rize University, Rize School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 2Rize University, Rize School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, 3Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 4Mugla University, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 5Rize University, Rize School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Turkiye AUSS’da Otonomik Sinir Sistemi / Autonomic Nervous System in LUTS Autonomic Nervous System; Relation Between Prostate Enlargement and LUTS

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 963106: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison Of Patient Satisfaction Between New Complete Denture Wearers And The Old Ones

Objective: To determine the mean satisfaction score for patients with complete dentures and to compare the mean satisfaction score of patients with complete dentures and without past denture experience. Study design and Setting; It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Watim Dental College, Rawalpindi, from March to August 2018. Methodology: A total of 98 patients were selected and were asked regarding previous history of denture usage and their experience with the new set of dentures; in terms of function, comfort, appearance and total satisfaction. As a protocol all patients presenting to outpatient department and those patients who fulfilled the criteria were referred to Prosthodontic department for provision of complete dentures by specialist prosthodontist. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were calculated for both qualitative and quantitative variables. For qualitative variables like gender frequency and percentages was calculated. For Quantitative variables like age, score of function, comfort, appearance and total satisfaction mean and standard deviation were calculated. Mean± SD was calculated for satisfaction score among patients with and without past experience of denture usage. Independent sample t-test was used to compare quantitative variables. P values of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean score of function, comfort, appearance and total satisfaction was greater among the patients with past denture experience as compared to new denture wearers with no past experience of denture wearing. Conclusion: Past denture experience has significant effect on patient satisfaction with their new complete dentures

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences