jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Airborne microbial challenges of Blow/Fill/Seal equipment: a case study.

Controlled microbial challenges, comprising air-dispersed spores of Bacillus subtilis var niger, have been generated within a containment room (around 54 m3 in volume) housing a Blow/Fill/Seal machine. 'Stirred-settling' conditions were created throughout the room and the airborne spore challenge was monitored to ensure homogeneity within the room for extended periods of time. The Blow/Fill/Seal machine was set to fill 2 cm3 ampoules with Tryptone Soya Broth at each of three airborne challenge levels of 10(4), 10(6) and 10(7) spores m-3 (about 10(2), 10(4) and 10(5) spores ft-3 respectively). A relationship has been established between the level of airborne micro-organisms in the machine operating environment and the extent of product contamination. This relationship allows prediction of operating conditions under which a level of sterility assurance, equal to that demanded of terminal sterilization, is attained. It is stressed that the findings apply only to the particular Blow/Fill/Seal machine and to the specific conditions of machine operation.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reevaluation of von Willebrand disease diagnosis in a Croatian paediatric cohort combining bleeding scores, phenotypic laboratory assays and next generation sequencing: a pilot study

This study reevaluated von Willebrand disease (vWD) diagnosis in a Croatian paediatric cohort by combining bleeding scores (BS), phenotypic laboratory testing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS).A total of 25 children (11 males and 14 females, median age 10 years, from 2 to 17) previously diagnosed with vWD were included. BS were calculated using an online bleeding assessment tool. Phenotypic laboratory analyses included platelet count, platelet function analyser closure times, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF gain-of-function mutant glycoprotein Ib binding activity (vWF:GPIbM), vWF collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA), factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) and multimeric analysis. Next-generation sequencing covered regions of both vWF and FVIII genes and was performed on MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, USA).Disease-associated variants identified in 15 patients comprised 11 distinct heterozygous vWF gene variants in 13 patients and one novel FVIII gene variant (p.Glu2085Lys) in two male siblings. Four vWF variants were novel (p.Gln499Pro, p.Asp1277Tyr, p.Asp1277His, p.Lys1491Glu). Three patients without distinctive variants had vWF:GPIbM between 30 and 50%. Patients with identified vWF gene variants had statistically significant lower values of vWF:GPIbM (P = 0.002), vWF:Ag (P = 0.007), vWF:CBA (P < 0.001) and FVIII:C (P = 0.002), compared to those without. Correlations between BS and phenotypic laboratory test results were not statistically significant for either of the tests.The applied diagnostic approach confirmed the diagnosis of vWD in 13 patients and mild haemophilia A in two. Limited utility of BS in the paediatric population was evidenced.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Minimum Wage and Income Distribution in the Harris-Todaro Model

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a change in the minimum wage on income distribution and employment in a developing economy. The basic framework of our analysis is the original Harris-Todaro model, in which the only factor that is intersectorally mobile is labor. We analyze the effects of a change in the minimum wage on income distribution, sectoral employment and unemployment, both in the framework of a small open economy, and with endogenous commodity-price changes. Our findings differ from the results of the existing literature and shed light on the complex interaction between the urban and the rural sector of a developing economy.

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
STUDIES ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INFRARED AND THERMALLY CURED GLASS-EPOXY COMPOSITES

Experiments were carried out on three different types of varying mass density E glass fiber layers with epoxy matrix for the composite laminates.First set of laminates were reinforced with layers of 200gsm (grams per square meter) woven glass fibers, second set with layers of 360gsm woven glass fibers and the third set with layers 200gsm sandwiched between 360 gsm woven glass fibers.The matrix used in this investigation is epoxy amine system processed by infrared and thermal curing methods.Infrared and thermal curing was accomplished by a custom made infrared and thermal processing chamber, mounted with infrared heater operating in the wavelength range of 3 to 8micrometers.Thermo mechanical properties of the infrared cured composite laminates in comparison with thermal cured laminates.The values thus obtained help the designers in understanding the reinforcement combination of glass fiber layers of varying gsm (thickness) in order to taylor make the properties according to the required thickness of the laminate or maintain the optimum thickness of the final product without compromising the mechanical properties.Finally the properties of Infrared cured composites are comparable or even better than the thermal cured composites.Infrared curing method has resulted in the curing time reduction by 40percent.The combination of varying 360 and 200 gsm woven glass fiber layers has resulted in values lying between those of 360 and 200 gsm laminates.

Topic: Photopolymerization techniques and applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A novel kinetic approach to crystallization mechanisms in polymers

Abstract Kinetics of polymer crystallization is capable of modeling the polymer crystallization processes by revealing their mechanisms. Although complexities of polymer crystallization processes are familiar, a generalized approach for their kinetic modeling has not yet been suggested. This paper presents a concise review of the pre‐existing kinetic approaches to polymer crystallization, including their pros and cons, putting a special emphasis on the necessity of approaches to polymer crystallization. A systematic and advanced approach comprising an innovative kinetic framework to model polymer crystallization processes is put forward using Hoffman‐Lauritzen theory. Kinetic functions are developed for predicting the crystallization mechanisms of simple as well as complicated polymer crystallization processes. The suggested kinetic approach is experimentally justified by its effective applications to non‐isothermal glass and melt crystallization of poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate). An account of the soundness of the proposed kinetic approach and its prospective applications are also discussed.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A novel BRCA1 duplication and new insights on the spectrum and frequency of germline large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1/BRCA2

Abstract Heritable breast cancers account for 5 to 10% of all breast cancers, and monogenic, highly penetrant genes cause them. Around 90% of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are observed using gene sequencing, with another 10% identified through gene duplication/deletion analysis, which differs across various communities. In this study, we performed a next-generation sequencing panel and MLPA on 1484 patients to explain the importance of recurrent germline duplications/deletions of BRCA1-2 and their clinical results and determine how often BRCA gene LGRs were seen in people suspected of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. The large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) frequency was approximately 1% (14/1484). All the 14 mutations were heterozygous and detected in patients with breast cancer. BRCA1 mutations were more predominant (n = 8, 57.1%) than BRCA2 mutations (6, 42.9%). The most common recurrent mutations were BRCA2 exon three and BRCA1 exon 24 (23) deletions. To the best of our knowledge, BRCA1 5'UTR-exon11 duplication has never been reported before. Testing with MLPA is essential to identify patients at high risk. Our data demonstrate that BRCA1-2 LGRs should be considered when ordering genetic testing for individuals with a personal or family history of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Further research could shed light on BRCA1-2 LGRs' unique carcinogenesis roles.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of Automated Controller Settings for Irrigation and Fertilizer Needs of Potted Geranium

The future of agricultural water availability is threatened by climate change, population growth, and environmental regulations. Most of the global water is being used for crop irrigation. The objective of this research was to determine optimum timer-based controller settings and controlled-released fertilizer rates for ‘American Red’ ( Pelargoium ×hortorum ) potted geranium plants. Fertilizer was top-dressed at 3, 6, or 9 g. Plants were irrigated by a timer-based controller set to water at 11:00 AM every other day for 2 minutes, 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 2 minutes per day, and a control of manual hand watering. Data regarding plant growth, soil and leaf nutrients, and water use were collected. For geranium growth factors, the total flowers per plant was greatest for irrigation at 11:00 AM for 1 minute with 6 g fertilizer. Plant height and shoot dry weight were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. The number of umbels and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. For geranium soil nutrient content, the pH was greatest for 3 g fertilizer, whereas the electrical conductivity, potassium, nitrate, sulfate, and boron were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. Regarding the nutrient content of the leaves, total nitrogen, boron, iron, and copper were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. Water use efficiency was greatest with 6 and 9 g fertilizer and irrigation 1 minute per day at 11:00 AM. The findings indicated that using timer-based controlled irrigation systems programmed to water for 1 minute during the morning with 6 g fertilizer resulted in plants that not only reduced water consumption but also enhanced water use efficiency and overall plant quality.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The extraperitoneal prosthetic repair of abdominal wall defects in the elderly

Background
One of the most debated topics in the surgery of the abdominal wall hernias is the type and location of the prosthesis and even the employment of prosthetic materials for some authors is an object of discussion [1,2]. The aim of this work is to present the experience of a specialized center in abdominal wall surgery, showing the results of open extraperitoneal prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall defects in the elderly.

Topic: Hernia repair and management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
bis-Benzimidazoles from Dibasic Acids

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTbis-Benzimidazoles from Dibasic AcidsR. L. Shriner and Robert W. UpsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2277–2278Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Technological Arms Race

Not everyone previously convinced of the inevitability of nuclear stalemate was ready, because of Sputnik, to adopt the opposite view. Many of those who had warned throughout the mid-1950s of the dangerous illusion of perpetual Western nuclear superiority saw the evident growth of Soviet nuclear capabilities as doing no more than confirming expectations. The folly of a strategy of massive retaliation was even more evident. Proponents of limited war felt their case to be strengthened. '[T]he first effect of the Sputnik on American policy has been to emphasize the thermo-nuclear stalemate and to strengthen the case for supplementing or replacing massive retaliation by limited atom war — and for giving tactical atomic weapons to America's allies', wrote British MP Denis Healey.1

Topic: Nuclear Issues and Defense
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[New caretakers for the elderly, how to prepare them?].

The appearance at the homes of our elderly of a new caretaker who is foreign to the family unit and in need of preparation justifies the creation of a multidisciplinary Formative Course at the local level. Groups were captured at civic and social centers in the town. A theoretical-practical methodology was used, dealing with diverse themes ranging from the elderly's general hygiene needs to social resources of interest to the groups. The participants' cultural diversity permitted a continuous flow of information among the participants, enriching the contents with personal anecdotes which will prove to be of great use for the application of treatment. Although 50% of the participants were non-Spanish speakers, the practical nature of the workshops proved of great usefulness since it facilitated the participation and integration of the group.

Topic: Aging, Health, and Disability
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid Risk-Profiling Including Fast Donor Search within a Multi-Center Trial Allows for Early Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation during Aplasia in Patients with High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment option for most high-risk patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, many high-risk patients regenerate with blasts or relapse early after induction therapy. Thus, consolidation with allogeneic HSCT in first CR is often not possible. Performing allogeneic HSCT within induction therapy can circumvent these problems and may furthermore reduce cumulative toxicity in high risk patients. Therefore, the prospective randomized treatment trial AML2003 for patients &amp;lt;= 60 years was set up, to investigate the feasibility and value of an intensified treatment strategy, i.e. early allogeneic stem cell transplantation in aplasia after induction therapy, for high risk AML patients in a multi-center setting. To achieve this goal, rapid analysis of cytogenetics, FLT3 status and HLA-types of the patient and possible family donors is of utmost importance. This fast search diagnostics together with routine analyses of morphology and immunophenotyping is accomplished centrally in all enclosed patients. Furthermore, in all patients the likelihood to find an unrelated donor is checked by an internet search in the BMDW database. Within the first 8 months 107 AML patients with a median age of 48 (17–60) years were included in the study. Fast search diagnostics was complete within a median of 15 (range 5–31) days after arrival of the bone marrow samples for all patients. 57/107 patients were randomized into the intensified treatment arms. Out of these 25 (44%) patients with high risk characteristics have been identified. A suitable related or unrelated donor was found for 22 (88%) of those high-risk patients. Nine of those high risk patients with a donor (41%) received early allogeneic stem cell transplantation in aplasia after the first (n=4) or the second (n=5) induction therapy course on an intend to treat basis within the protocol. Three were transplanted with stem cells of related and six of unrelated donors. The preparative regimen consisted of melphalan 150mg/m2 and fludarabine 150mg/m2. So far no treatment associated death had to be recognized. These encouraging preliminary results show that fast risk-profiling and early donor-search is feasible in a large multi-center study. This leads to a significant proportion of early allogeneic stem cell transplants in aplasia after induction therapy within the group of high risk AML patients, which may improve the disastrous prognosis of this group of patients in the future.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High-Throughput Preparation of Hexagonally Ordered Mesoporous Silica and Gadolinosilicate Nanoparticles for use as MRI Contrast Agents

The development of biomedical nanoparticulate materials for use in diagnostics is a delicate balance between performance, particle size, shape, and stability. To identify materials that satisfy all of the criteria it is useful to employ automated high-throughput (HT) techniques for the study of these materials. The structure and performance of surfactant templated mesoporous silica is very sensitive to a wide number of variables. Variables, such as the concentration of the structure-directing agent, the cosolvent and dopant ions and also the temperature and concentration of quenching all have an influence on the structure, surface chemistry, and therefore, the performance of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles generated. Using an automated robotic synthetic platform, a technique has been developed for the high-throughput preparation of mesoporous silica and gadolinium-doped silicate (gadoliniosilicate) nanoparticulate MRI contrast agents. Twelve identical repeats of both the mesoporous silica and gadolinosilicate were synthesized to investigate the reproducibility of the HT technique. Very good reproducibility in the production of the mesoporous silica and the gadolinosilcate materials was obtained using the developed method. The performance of the gadolinosilicate materials was comparable as a T(1) agent to the commercial MRI contrast agents. This HT methodology is highly reproducible and an effective tool that can be translated to the discovery of any sol-gel derived nanomaterial.

Topic: Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantum thermalization with couplings

We study the role of the system-bath coupling for the generalized canonical\nthermalization [S. Popescu, et al., Nature Physics 2,754(2006) and S. Goldstein\net al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 050403(2006)] that reduces almost all the pure\nstates of the "universe" [formed by a system S plus its surrounding heat bath\n$B$] to a canonical equilibrium state of S. We present an exactly solvable, but\nuniversal model for this kinematic thermalization with an explicit\nconsideration about the energy shell deformation due to the interaction between\nS and B. By calculating the state numbers of the "universe" and its subsystems\nS and B in various deformed energy shells, it is found that, for the\noverwhelming majority of the "universe" states (they are entangled at least),\nthe diagonal canonical typicality remains robust with respect to finite\ninteractions between S and B. Particularly, the kinematic decoherence is\nutilized here to account for the vanishing of the off-diagonal elements of the\nreduced density matrix of S. It is pointed out that the non-vanishing\noff-diagonal elements due to the finiteness of bath and the stronger\nsystem-bath interaction might offer more novelties of the quantum\nthermalization.\n

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Micro/nano-DAC deformation measurement to analyze packaging components response to thermomechanical load&lt;/title&gt;

Thermo-mechanical reliability in advanced electronic, MEMS and MOEMS packaging requires additional material testing approaches. Namely, the necessary understanding of the impact of very local material stressing on component reliability leads to the need of material testing and characterization on microscopic and even on nanoscopic scale. E.g., defect initiation and propagation in multilayer structures applied in electronics, MEMS and MOEMS technology, the influence of material migration to mechanical behavior or defect development in ultra thin silicon dies often are not well understood. A key for micro material testing and characterization is the measurement of strains and displacements inside microscopic regions. Correlation techniques (e.g. microDAC, nanoDAC) are one of the promising tools for that purpose. Their application potentials to micro testing for packaging materials and components is demonstrated in the paper. More in detail approaches to CTE measurement, analysis of moisture induced strains in polymers and crack testing are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown how the method can be used to study the mechanical response of complex micro components to thermo-mechanical loading.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A task force to reduce prison overcrowding: Implications for criminal justice policy, planning and research methods courses

This article describes an undergraduate criminal justice research methods course that uses interactive teaching methods to explore the dynamics of policy analysis and program evaluation. The issue of prison overcrowding is introduced after a solid base of research methods concepts has been mastered. Prison overcrowding is presented in a detailed scenario that includes changes in state and local policy. Student workgroups explore issues involved in prison overcrowding using multiple sources of information, including the World Wide Web.

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences