jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computation of the Likelihood in Biallelic Diffusion Models Using Orthogonal Polynomials

In population genetics, parameters describing forces such as mutation, migration and drift are generally inferred from molecular data. Lately, approximate methods based on simulations and summary statistics have been widely applied for such inference, even though these methods waste information. In contrast, probabilistic methods of inference can be shown to be optimal, if their assumptions are met. In genomic regions where recombination rates are high relative to mutation rates, polymorphic nucleotide sites can be assumed to evolve independently from each other. The distribution of allele frequencies at a large number of such sites has been called “allele-frequency spectrum” or “site-frequency spectrum” (SFS). Conditional on the allelic proportions, the likelihoods of such data can be modeled as binomial. A simple model representing the evolution of allelic proportions is the biallelic mutation-drift or mutation-directional selection-drift diffusion model. With series of orthogonal polynomials, specifically Jacobi and Gegenbauer polynomials, or the related spheroidal wave function, the diffusion equations can be solved efficiently. In the neutral case, the product of the binomial likelihoods with the sum of such polynomials leads to finite series of polynomials, i.e., relatively simple equations, from which the exact likelihoods can be calculated. In this article, the use of orthogonal polynomials for inferring population genetic parameters is investigated.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aldosterone and Vascular Damage

Aldosterone, the final product of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is traditionally viewed as a regulator of renal sodium and potassium handling, extracellular volume, and blood pressure (). Until a few years ago, the adverse vascular effects of the RAAS have been attributed to angiotensin II (Ang II) (,). However, Ang II is a potent aldosterone secretagogue, and recent human and animal studies suggest that aldosterone also has adverse cardiovascular effects, including microvascular damage, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. This chapter focuses on the adverse effects of aldosterone on the cardiovascular system, kidney, and brain in humans and animals, and describes our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms for this injury.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The nature of near-synonymic relations

Article Free Access Share on The nature of near-synonymic relations Author: Chrysanne DiMarco University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '94: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2August 1994 Pages 691–695https://doi.org/10.3115/991250.991256Online:05 August 1994Publication History 0citation170DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads170Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mammary Mucinous Carcinoma in the Cat

Mucinous carcinoma of the mammary gland is a rare tumor characterized by excessive mucin production. In human and canine pathology, the diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma is based on the demonstration of an epithelial phenotype of mucus-producing cells and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-diastase positivity of the mucin. The histologic and immunohistologic characteristics of feline mucinous mammary carcinoma were examined. Of 656 cases of feline mammary neoplasms and dysplasias, 3.2% were found to be mucin-producing tumors. Cytokeratin 19 (16 cases positive, 4 heterogenous, and 1 negative) and vimentin (15 cases positive, 2 heterogenous, and 4 negative) expression were examined, and the mucin produced was alcian blue positive. PAS-diastase staining was variable (38.1%). Based on these findings, mucinous mammary carcinoma in the cat varies significantly from the human and canine varieties and alcian blue is the prominent stain in the diagnosis of feline mucinous carcinoma.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
From sustainability to adaptation: Goldman Sachs’ corporate real estate strategy

This paper is premised on a conceptual framework that attempts to draw theoretical and practical connections between sustainability, resilience and adaptation. The framework is explored through a case study of the corporate real estate (property) strategies of Goldman Sachs (a multinational investment banking and investment management company) developed over the course of the consolidation and development of its corporate headquarters. This case seeks to identify the existence and nature of the relationships by and between sustainable corporate real estate strategies, resilient operations planning and the firm's adaptive capacity. A secondary proposition seeks to evaluate whether the capacity of the firm to adapt and be resilient to changing conditions has been positively advanced by the firm's sustainable corporate real estate strategies. The findings support the proposition that these connections do exist, as well as the proposition that sustainability was promoting adaptive capacity and operational resilience. However, it remains an open question to what extent these practices and capacities are deterministic of one another. This paper sets the stage for future research that seeks to measure and model organizational adaptive capacity and to understand the potential co-benefits that may serve the interests of firms who struggle to rationalize the costs of sustainability.

Topic: Facilities and Workplace Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Prestack Layerstripping Evaluation – Constant Rotation and Shift Operators in HTI/TTI Media

E009 PRESTACK LAYERSTRIPPING EVALUATION: CONSTANT ROTATION AND SHIFT OPERATORS IN HTI/TTI MEDIA Abstract 1 Prestack layer stripping was applied to azimuthally anisotropic (HTI and TTI) synthetic seismic data sets for evaluating constant rotation and shift operators. Equivalent isotropic models were compared to layer-stripped anisotropic models using RMS amplitude and shear-wave splitting time difference maps to quantify and qualify the error. It is found that in HTI media layer-stripped radial and transverse components exhibited incorrect symmetry and orientations and there are significant distortions in the amplitudes that could adversely affect inversion and/or AVO and AVAZ analysis. However layer-stripped PS1 and PS2

Topic: Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
germinal centers

MicroRNAs 125a and 125b are predicted to be able to bind to the B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1) and IFN regulatory protein-4 (IRF-4) transcription factors, which are essential for plasma cell differentiation. A computational survey of the human and mouse genomes revealed that miR-125a and miR-125b are members of a multigene family located in paralogous clusters. The miR-125a cluster on chromosome 19 in humans includes miR-99b and let-7e, whereas the miR-125b cluster on chromosome 21 includes miR-99a and miR-let-7c. Our analysis of the expression profiles for these six miRs during B lineage differentiation indicated that mature miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-99b and let-7e transcripts are preferentially expressed by the actively dividing centroblasts in germinal centers (GC). However, miR-99b and let-7e are not predicted to bind BLIMP-1 or IRF-4 transcripts, and binding to the untranslated region of BLIMP-1 and IRF-4 messenger RNAs could be confirmed only for miR-125b. When the effect of miR-125b over-expression on terminal B cell differentiation was evaluated in an LPS-responsive B cell line, the induction of BLIMP-1 expression and IgM secretion was inhibited in this model system. Furthermore, miR-125b over-expression inhibited the differentiation of primary B cells and compromised the survival of cultured myeloma cells. These

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_00177

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.<br>Common name(s): Common bean<br>Conserved by: Maria Giuseppina Bolis, Italy<br>Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_00177<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2023-03-14<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeding/research material<br>MLS status: SMTA transfer

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Behavioral Assessment Techniques, General Features and Methodological Issues

Behavioral assessment, which is more focused on behavioral change than on developing a theory of personality, has promoted the use of instruments to record the behavior of individuals in specific situations. Behavioral procedures primarily observe and record an individual's behavior either in a natural situation or under test conditions. Four main types of assessment can be distinguished: (1) Self-monitoring techniques, (2) Self-reporting behavioral inventories and checklists, (3) Self-statement inventories and other forms of assessing thoughts and feelings, and (4) Direct observation. "Objective Task-Based Personality Tests" are one version of direct observation in a controlled situation, specifically designed to assess personality. These tests rely on what people actually do as opposed to what they say they usually do. The characteristics, strengths, and weakness of these procedures are reviewed.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The combination of gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy using a flow liquid cell

ガスクロマトグラフィーと赤外吸収スペクトル法の直結化を,新たに考案した共凝縮法により,液体セルを用いて行なった.すなわち,分離管を出たキャリヤーガスに有機溶媒蒸気(四塩化炭素)を混合し,これを小さなリービッヒ型冷却器に導き,キャリヤーガスとともに分離されて溶出する試料成分を有機溶媒蒸気といっしょに凝縮させて液化し,試料中の各成分を溶液の形で連続的に検出用液体セルに流入させ,その赤外吸収スペクトルをくりかえし測定する方法である.赤外分光光度計の透過率変化は電子管式平衡記録計で記録した.測定方法は一定波数領域走査,またはいくつかの波数領域の組み合わせをくりかえし連続的に走査して行なった.試料としてはベンゼン,オクタン,メチルイソブチルケトン,ピロール,デカンなどを用いた.提案した方法はガスセルを用いてのGC-IR法に比べて比較的簡単に両者の直結ができ,良好な結果を与えた.これにより迅速定性・定量分析が可能であることを見いだした.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPRES HANGAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PACEDA KOTA BITUNG

Background The discomfort felt by pregnant women with a prevalence of 68% is back pain. If not addressed immediately, it will have a negative impact and interfere with the activities of pregnant women. Warm compresses are beneficial for improving blood circulation and reducing aches or pains.Purpose of this study is known the effect of giving warm compresses on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester in the working area of the Paceda Health Center. Methods uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test research design. The sample was taken based on the number of respondents as many as 17 pregnant women in the third trimester using purposive samples. Data collection was carried out using the NRS pain observation sheet (numeric rating scale). Furthermore, the collected data was processed using the help of the SPSS program computer to be analyzed by the Wilcoxon test with a significance level (?) of ? 0.05. Result showed that a decrease in the scale of mild pain was obtained in this study as many as 15 respondents (88.2%). From the results of the Wilcoxon test, a p value = 0.000 was obtained with a significant ? 0.05 which means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of giving warm compresses on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester in the working area of the Paceda Health Center Bitung City. It is hoped that the Paceda Health Center will provide education to pregnant women on how to overcome back pain with warm compresses.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mastering Occlusions by Using Intelligent Facial Frameworks Based on the Propagation of Movement

In uncontrolled settings occlusions occur and interfere with facial expressions recognition task. It is interesting to limit the number of regions required for face expression recognition task in order to moderate the occlusion interference. We propose a weighting scheme that ranks the facial regions needed to recognize expressions. Weights are calculated based on the contribution of each region to boost recognition in presence of various occlusions. Intelligent facial frameworks, based on region ranks are computed in presence of static occlusions (such as glasses, hair, hand on the face). Evaluations conducted using motion information as the underlying descriptor show that our approach maintains, per expression, very good recognition rates under various static occlusions occurring in uncontrolled settings.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Weld Repair of C, Cr-Mo Cokedrums (and Pressure Vessels) Without PWHT

Many of the Cr{1-1/4 to 2-1/4}-Mo{1/2 to 1} pressure vessels in the refining and petrochemical industries such as process reactors, distillation columns, separators, pressurized storage vessels, and heat exchangers are typically vertical columns, most often supported by a circular skirt. Typically, design considerations for these vessels and support skirts are for operating under continuous “steady-state” conditions, where temporary stresses due to short-term “transient” events such as start-up and shutdown are often ignored. Consequences of dynamic and cyclic loading play a very significant role in their life and performance. For Coke drums, survey data from API shows that the skirt-to-drum attachment weld and adjoining area appears to be the most problematic, frequently experiencing low-cycle fatigue cracking due to concentrated stresses. A methodology for repairing the skirt attachment weld of Cr-Mo pressure vessels is provided. When designing a repair approach, consideration should include material and aged condition, extent and location of defects, welding process and consumables, and codes, standards, and regulatory guidelines. When repair by weld metal buildup to rebuild a skirt-attachment weld configuration is considered, weld procedure qualification and adequate mock-ups should be performed in order to ensure a sound repair. Further, when invoking a code compliant repair without post-weld heat treatment by controlled deposition welding or temper bead techniques, proper training of welder operators should be conducted to ensure the techniques are implemented properly. A case study is provided for a Coke drum, where the original design and fabrication of the skirt attachment included an initial SAW weld metal buildup on the 2.25Cr (P5A) cone followed by an SMAW/GTAW attachment weld to the 1.25Cr skirt (P4). During a plant shutdown, a surface breaking crack was detected in the skirt to shell attachment weld by Dye Liquid Penetrant Testing (D-LPT) and confirmed with Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT). Subsequent examination by Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) discovered a large number of volumetric indications, oriented towards the knuckle section internally. The repair approach consisted of 1) Completely remove the existing skirt and the attachment weld (knuckle) in segments, 2) Inspect the cone for remaining flaws, 3) Excavate and repair flaws in cone using temper bead technique, 4) Rebuild knuckle area for skirt to cone attachment with an increased radius using temper bead welding techniques, 5) Install new skirt sections using controlled deposition welding technique. Temper Bead and Controlled Deposition repair welding techniques were utilized to avoid conventional post-weld heat treatment requirements, significantly improving the turn-around time in the field.

Topic: Mechanical Failure Analysis and Simulation
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An examination of the relationship between professional learning community variables and teacher self-efficacy

High levels of teacher self-efficacy have repeatedly been identified as a key attribute of effective teachers. The problems addressed by this study stem from the lack of research regarding the potential relationships between teachers' self-efficacy and professional learning community (PLC) variables. Uncovering these relationships could potentially have many implications for University curriculum and the planning of professional growth opportunities for teachers. This study explored the predictive capacity of the six pillars of professional learning community in relation to participating Ontario teachers' self-efficacy, measured through their Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scores (TSES). Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses suggested that professional learning community variables related significantly with levels of teacher self-efficacy. Shared and Supportive Leadership and Supportive Conditions: Structures appeared to be two components of effective PLCs that correlated significantly with teacher self-efficacy. These results prompted additional, more focused exploration of the specific characteristics and conditions that exist within school PLCs that are associated with elevated teacher self-efficacy. Correlation analysis results were further considered in order to identify areas that required further examination. ANOVAs were conducted to explore the relationship between various PLC characteristics and conditions and teacher self-efficacy. In addition, a factor analysis pointed to three key factors that link professional learning communities to teacher self-efficacy. The findings of this study suggest that implementing a shared leadership approach and embedding facilitative structures that promote collaborative learning could increase teacher self-efficacy. In addition, administrators might consider providing teachers with the necessary supports so that they are empowered to work autonomously. Remaining vigilant in clearly focusing learning community meetings on the professional learning of the participants and incorporating coaching practices along with other structures to enrich teacher dialogue are also explored.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DOUBLE PASS SOLAR AIR HEATER WITH MESH LAYERS AS ABSORBER PLATE

The double pass solar air heater is constructed and tested for thermal efficiency at a geographic location of Cyprus in the city of Famagusta. The absorber plate was replaced by fourteen steel wire mesh layers, 0.2 × 0.2 cm in cross section opening, and they were fixed in the duct parallel to the glazing. The distance between each set of wire mesh layers is 0.5cm to reduce the pressure drop. The wire mesh layers were painted with black before installing them into the collector. The obtained results show that as the mass flow rate increases, the efficiency of the system also increases. The temperature difference (ΔT) between the inlet and outlet air through the system increases as the mass flow rate decreases. The maximum ΔT (53°C) is achieved at the flow rate of 0.011 kg/s. The range of the mass flow rate used in this work is between 0.011 and 0.037 kg/s. It is also found that the average efficiency obtained for the double pass air collector is 53.7% for the mass flow rate of 0.037 kg/s.

Topic: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diagnosis of COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is considered to be widely underdiagnosed, with an estimated 2 million undiagnosed patients in the United Kingdom. In June 2010 the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidelines regarding the primary and secondary care management of COPD in adults. This guideline detailed the steps that are needed to make a diagnosis of COPD and to distinguish it from its differential diagnoses, such as asthma. It is these guidelines that will form the basis of this article.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
It gives them a voice the way they want the voice: a qualitative exploration of clinicians’ use of Storiez with urban youth

Urban youth are exposed to high levels of trauma. Trauma narratives are included in trauma treatment best practices, however, there are conflicting perspectives about the trauma narrative process. The Storiez intervention divides the trauma narrative process into nine steps that collectively focus on youth reflection, organization of memories, creative expression, and development of future vision. Master’s level therapists (n = 15) received Storiez training and materials. Six to eight weeks after training, 12 therapists participated in qualitative interviews. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Three themes emerged: (1) It gives them a voice the way they want the voice, (2) It doesn’t require a lot of fancy gadgets and gizmos, and (3) Trauma doesn’t define them. Participant responses about the intervention’s portability, inclusion of strengths, simplicity, and cultural competence highlighted a paucity in the literature. The study’s findings preliminarily speak to the success of Storiez and highlight the need for future research.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Rate of convergence of attractors for semilinear singularly perturbed\n problems: parabolic equations with large diffusion

We exhibit a singularly perturbed parabolic problems for which the asymptotic\nbehavior can be described by an one-dimensional ordinary differential equation.\nWe estimate the continuity of attractors in the Hausdorff metric by rate of\nconvergence of resolvent operator.\n

Topic: Differential Equations and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences