jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of grammatical form class on the comprehension of fast and slow readers

The problem concerns the ability of f as t and slow readers to predict grammatical form classes in context. It has been suggested that the fast reader is better able to make use of redundant sources of information in a passage, and therefore can more accurately predict the alternatives that follow in a sequence of words. An experiment was designed in which a prose passage was systematically mutilated and presented in the form of a cloze reading test. The subjects (first year university students) were required to predict the missing word in the gaps or blanks provided in the test. All subjects were tested for speed of reading comprehension and grouped according to fast and slow (the two extreme) groups. A 2x5 factorial design was employed in which the main effects were groups (fast and slow readers) and treatments (deletion of five different grammatical form classes). The dependent variables were (1) correct verbatim responses (2) correct form class responses and (3) time taken to complete test. The experimental task was one of reader expectation based on the comprehension of the passage. Slow readers did have more difficulty in predicting grammatical form classes than fast readers (p&lt; .05). In particular, they had particular difficulty in predicting adjectives/ad verbs and prepositions/conjunctions. Some grammatical form classes were more difficult to predict than others, with adjectives/adverbs being the most difficult of the lexical classes, nouns more difficult than verbs, and prepositions/conjunctions more difficult than function words. These finding proved to be cons is tent with previous studies. There was no interaction groups and the five treatments. It is clear from this study that the slow reader's problem is not exclusively linked to speed. For when all time limits were removed from the test situation, the slow readers still made significantly more errors than the fast readers.

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Comparison of Stress Distribution Around Dental Implants in Three Models of Arch Form to Replace Six Anterior Teeth of Maxilla using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Method

Background and Objectives\n Dental implant is a method to replace missed teeth, and especially for aesthetic it is important to replace the missing anterior teeth. Thus, in this study, for replacement of 6 maxillary anterior teeth by finite element analysis (FEA) method, stress distribution around implants in 3 models of maxillary arch were compared.\n \n \n Methods\n In this in-vitro study, a toothless patient’s CBCT was used to create a model for maxillary anterior teeth. The ITI dental implant with a 10-mm length and 4.1-mm diameter was used to replace central and canine teeth.\n Using the ABAQUS software, simulation was performed for reconstruction of 6 maxillary anterior teeth, so that 2 implants were placed on both sides of the canine tooth region (model A); 2 implants on both sides of the canine tooth region and another on one side of the central region (model B); as well as 2 implants on both sides of the canine tooth region and 2 implants in the central area (model C). These models were repeated in the triple square, ovoid, and tapering arches. In all cases, a 100-N force with a 30-degree angle was imposed buccolingually to each veneer to simulate the functional forces. Data were then analyzed by the finite analysis software, ABAQUS.\n \n \n Results\n By applying a 100-N force under a 30-degree angle, along with the increase of implants number, von Mises stress in the models was reduced. In a comparison of models A in each maxillary arch, the stress created in the cortical and cancellous bones in the square arch was less than ovoid and tapering arches. In addition, in a comparison between models B and C in the 3 maxillary arches, stress in the cortical and cancellous bones in the tapering arch was less than square and ovoid arches. The stress created in implants and cortical and cancellous bones in model C was less than the A and B models.\n \n \n Conclusions\n The results show that unlike 2- or 3-implant models, in the 4-implant model, the stress distribution was reduced in cortical and cancellous bones.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENCABUTAN GIGI PADA MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN KOMBOS BARAT BERDASARKAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN

Abstract: Dental health as an integral part of public health needs attention of the government and society. Efforts to provide dental care to the community in the field of curative usually a tooth extraction. Lack of knowledge about tooth extraction causes the general public, especially people in West Kombos village avoid prolonged pain even though the tooth can still be maintained. This study aimed to describe the level of public knowledge about tooth extraction based on education and jobs in West Kombos village. This was a cross sectional study. Data were taken by using stratified random sampling method in which the number of samples taken at 5 areas. The result showed that the level of knowledge based on public education 39.7% were in primary school education and the level of knowledge based on jobs 35.87% were housewives. Conclusion: Based on education and jobs, the level of knowledge about tooth extraction among West Kombos people were largely categorized bad.Keywords: knowledge, tooth extractionAbstrak: Kesehatan gigi sebagai bagian integral dari kesehatan umum perlu mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah maupun masyarakat. Upaya pemberian pelayanan kesehatan gigi pada masyarakat dibidang kuratif umumnya berupa pencabutan gigi. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pencabutan gigi menyebabkan masyarakat umum khususnya masyarakat di kelurahan Kombos Barat melakukan pencabutan agar terhindar dari rasa sakit berkepanjangan meskipun gigi tersebut masih bisa dipertahankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencabutan gigi berdasarkan pendidikan dan pekerjaan di kelurahan Kombos Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Data diambil menggunakan metode proportional stratified random sampling dimana jumlah sampel diambil pada 5 lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat berdasarkan pendidikan yaitu 39,7% pendidikan sekolah dasar dan tingkat pengetahuan berdasarkan pekerjaan yaitu 35,87% ibu rumah tangga. Simpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat kelurahan Kombos Barat tentang pencabutan gigi berdasarkan pendidikan dan pekerjaan sebagian besar dikategorikan buruk.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, pencabutan gigi

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vérité mondaine et vérité phénoménologique

Abstract Husserlian phenomenology has been interpreted as a method of knowledge that can be applied to different domains and which would compete with other methods to give us a better understanding of the “real”, the “man” or “society”. Moreover, “phenomenological idealism” has been presented as an “ontological” or “metaphysical” thesis, in the pre-critical sense of the term. The goal of this study is to suggest that these two theses imply the tacit identification of the natural attitude and the phenomenological one, avoiding the difference between the objects to which these attitudes relate. Therefore, a phenomenological truth does not anticipate any opinion about the “world”.

Topic: Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Machiavellianism and Bankers in Hong Kong

Marketing has k e n widely and aggressively adopted by banks recently for growth and expansion purposes. Nevertheless, critics often attack marketing as being manipulative and unethical, or "Machia- vellian" in nature. I1 is gencraJly believed that a marketing orientation is counter lo banking. This article reporls the &dings of research investigat- ing the Machiavellian orientation of banking executives in Hong Kong and the relationship between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction and iob success in the banking sector. SigniF~cant differences were observed kcbeen banking executiv& and non%anking executives wilh regards to Machiavellian orientation and job satisfaction

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fire safety of timber structures

The aim of this graduation thesis is to show procedures for calculating the fire safety of timber structures. Presented are proposals of improvements of calculations according to standard EN 1995-1-2, based on fire tests and described in European technical guideline. The practical calculations are shown on examples of timber structures of Kindergarten Preddvor.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Multi-stakeholder interaction as a source for sustainable development: organisational drivers determining firms' 'stakeholder dialogue' and 'knowledge integration' capabilities

Multi-stakeholder interaction is seen as one of the best business strategies to achieve sustainable development. Despite the wealth of research on multi-stakeholder interaction, it is unclear which organisational drivers enable firms to integrate sustainability in their business in a profitable way. A literature research, along with a case study of four MNEs and four stakeholders, which are involved in stakeholder interaction on sustainability, is performed. This paper aims to get a better understanding how a dynamic capability can facilitate the achievement of sustainability goals by using multi-stakeholder interaction.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Two new phenolic acids from Drynariae rhizoma].

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on the quality improvement of sweetened adzuki ann Part V. Application of a pressure cooker equipped with a kneader to the sweetening process of adzuki ann.

新しく, 100℃以上で行う加圧餡練り法を確立するために,従来から行われている常圧の餡練り法と比較検討した. その結果,加圧餡練り工程中の,一定温度を保持する際の釜内圧±0.25kg/cm2程度の変動では遊離でんぷんは増加しなかった.また,品温が80℃以下の場合には急速冷却しても遊離でんぷん量は増えなかった.そこで, 80℃以上の餡練り工程中,常に陽圧を保持するためには,釜内圧を0.25～0.5kg/cm2高めるとよく,高めて調製した試料(乾物)の遊離でんぷん量は2.0g以下であった. 加圧餡練り法を利用して良品質の練り餡を調製する条件は温度110～120℃,時間20～45分,加水量240mlで,従来の練り餡と比較して硬さ,粘着性,遊離でんぷん量,見かけの体積,保水力など理化学的特性値が優れ,官能評価の高いものである.この加圧餡練り法で練り餡を製造すると従来法の製品と比較して,約10%体積が大きくなった.また, 20～40%省エネルギーとなった.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PYM50028, a novel, orally active, nonpeptide neurotrophic factor inducer, prevents and reverses neuronal damage induced by MPP <sup>+</sup> in mesencephalic neurons and by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

ABSTRACT Many experimental data support the enhancement of neurotrophic factors as a means to modify neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, the translation of this to the clinic has proven problematic. This is likely due to the complex nature of the surgical gene delivery and cell‐based approaches adopted to deliver proteinaceous neurotrophic factors to targets within the central nervous system. We investigated the ability of a novel, orally active, nonpeptide neurotrophic factor inducer, PYM50028 (Cogane), to restore dopaminergic function after 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP + ) ‐induced damage to mesencephalic neurons in vitro and in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ‐lesioned mice. In rat mesencephalic neurons, administration of PYM50028, either before or after MPP + , significantly prevented and reversed both MPP + ‐induced neuronal atrophy and cell loss. These effects were potent and of a magnitude equivalent to those achieved by a combination of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Oral admin istration of PYM50028 (10 mg/kg/day for 60 days) to MPTP‐lesioned mice, commencing after a striatal impairment was evident, resulted in a significant elevation of striatal GDNF (297%) and BDNF (511%), and attenuated the loss of striatal dopaminergic transporter levels and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PYM50028 did not inhibit monoamine oxidase B in vitro , nor did it alter brain levels of MPP + in vivo . PYM50028 has neuroprotective and neurorestorative potential and is in clinical development for the treat ment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease.—Visanji, N. P., Orsi, A., Johnston, T. H., Howson, P. A., Dixon, K., Callizot, N., Brotchie, J. M., Rees, D. D. PYM50028, a novel, orally active, nonpeptide neurotrophic factor inducer, prevents and reverses neuronal damage induced by MPP + in mesencephalic neurons and by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 22, 2488–2497 (2008)

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Interventions for erythropoietin-resistant anaemia in dialysis patients

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of interventions such as icodextrin, pentoxifylline, carnitine and desferrioxamine for EPO‐resistant anaemia in dialysis patients.

Topic: Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physical and mechanical properties of Paradise Tree seeds (Simarouba glauca DC.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of Paradise Tree seed for development of postharvest machine. The seeds containing an average moisture content of 67.40% moisture content wet basis were used throughout the study. The physical properties such as; the seed arithmetic mean diameter, geometrical mean diameter and density were evaluate. It was found that the sizes of the seeds were classified by the diameter into three categories which are small, medium and large corresponding to 12.9 ± 0.5, 13.0 ± 0.6 and 13.9 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The average geometrical mean diameters for small, medium and large sizes were 12.5 ± 0.5, 12.5 ± 0.5 and 13.5 ± 0.6 mm, respectively and the average densities of seeds (small, medium and large) were 446.7 ± 7.1, 427.0 ± 8.2 and 424.2 ± 6.9 kg/m 3 respectively. The angles of repose of Paradise Tree seeds (small, medium and large) were 0.87 ± 0.04°, 0.86 ± 0.03° and 0.83 ± 0.04°, respectively. The mean coefficients of static friction of seeds on different surfaces which are wood, zinc, steel, stainless steel and rubber sheets were determined. The values for seeds having transverse movement were higher than those having longitudinal movement. The maximum compressive loads (N) on Paradise Tree seeds for all compression speeds (0.83, 3.13, and 7.08 mm/sec) occurred under the condition of compression on three sizes and three different position.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Same‐Sex Marriage in the <scp>U</scp> nited <scp>S</scp> tates

Abstract Same‐sex marriage refers to the legal recognition of the union between two person of the same sex whereby rights, responsibilities, and privileges accorded to married heterosexual couples are extended to their same‐sex counterparts. As of 2015 same‐sex marriage can be found in 35 states and DC, and is legalized in 17 countries across the world. This growing momentum toward marriage equality prompted questions regarding the impact same‐sex marriage has on families in particular, and on society in general. The uneven pace of legalizing same‐sex marriage has negative consequences on same‐sex families with young children, subjecting them to undue financial and emotional burden. Although some studies have attempted to show differences between children raised by opposite‐ and those raised by same‐sex parents, an overwhelming number of interdisciplinary social science research shows otherwise. Children of same‐sex parents fare just as well as their similarly situated opposite‐sex counterparts.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Legality of food packaging to the production of small and medium enterprises (SME)

The researcher was interested to take unique, interesting, and safe food packaging of SME as the focus of this research. Thus, the packaging made by SME should fulfill the standards enforced by the law applied in Indonesia, especially East Java Province. This research aims to discover the law regarding the legality of food packaging, mainly the standards of packaging, and to discover the understanding and obedience of SME in applying the law enforcement for the packaging standards for foods produced by SME. The standards of the packaging for SME's products and the guarantee of legal protection to SME products' packaging to achieve the legality of food packaging with requires hygiene, clean production devices, product cleanliness standards, interesting packaging, clean and recyclable packaging and getting standard licenses (MUI/BPOM, P-IRT). This research used analytical and critical ought to be journal article with qualitative research as well qualitative content analysis that emphasizes on role related to socio-cultural change for evaluation research with social research method. The results of this research show food packaging for SME's products can increase the concerns to products safety. Meanwhile, for the government, this research can become the basis of taking on useful policy to develop the potential of SME food, especially the legality of food packaging of SME's products. For academia, this research can be a literature for further research in the same field.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Attention is withdrawn from the area of the visual field where the own hand is currently moving

Self-generated movement leads to the attenuation of predicted sensory consequences of the movement. This mechanism ensures that attention is generally not drawn to sensory signals caused by own movement. Such attenuation has been observed across the animal kingdom and in different sensory modalities. In this study we used novel virtual reality (VR) devices to test the hypothesis that the human brain attenuates visual sensation in the area of the visual field where the subject's hand is currently moving. We conducted three VR experiments where we monitored hand position during movement while the participants performed a visual search task. In the first two experiments we measured response time for salient moving targets and observed that reaction time (RT) is slower for targets that are behind the (invisible) hand. This result provides the first evidence that the visual motion signals generated by the subject's own hand movement are suppressed. In the third experiment we observed that RT is also slower for colored targets behind the hand. Our findings provide support for the active inference account of sensory attenuation, which posits that attenuation occurs because attention is withdrawn from the sensory consequences of own movement. Furthermore, we demonstrate how modern VR tools could open up new exciting avenues of research for studying the interplay of action and perception.

Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Short View On Ottoman Political Economy (XVIII-XIX. Centuries)

Ottoman Empire, due to its geographic condition has a animated and lively economic life and environment. Especially, while Ottoman Empire was relating to world’s economy, there were great changes in agriculture, trade, industry, economical companies, communication and service areas. In this work, are examined, political economy from XVIII. century to the establihsment of Turkish Republic.

Topic: Ottoman Empire History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 12726: Crucial Role of <i>Jak2</i> V617f-positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasm in the Development of Aortic Aneurysm

Objective: To investigate the impact of hematopoietic JAK2V617F, which causes myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), on the development of aortic aneurysm (AA). Approach and Results: We applied a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) strategy using the donor cells from Jak2 V617F transgenic (JAK2 V617F ) mice into the lethally irradiated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. To induce the AA formation and progression, the recipient mice (BMT mice) were subjected to continuous angiotensin II infusion. Abdominal aortic diameter in JAK2 V617F -BMT mice was significantly enlarged compared to the control wild-type (WT)-BMT mice in response to angiotensin II. The incidence of abdominal AA was significantly higher in JAK2 V617F -BMT mice than in WT-BMT mice. Hematopoietic JAK2V617F accelerated aortic elastic lamina degradation as well as activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the abdominal aorta. The numbers of CD68 + macrophages and Ly6B.2 + neutrophils and cytokine expressions such as Ccl6 and Tgfb1 were significantly increased in the abdominal aorta of JAK2 V617F -BMT mice accompanied by STAT3 activation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages carrying JAK2V617F showed elevations of both Mmp2 and Mmp9 mRNA expression. Finally, we found that 23% of MPN patients with JAK2 V617F mutation showed the presence of AA and increases in TGFB3 and IL-8 mRNA expression of the peripheral leukocytes. Conclusions: Hematopoietic JAK2V617F was involved in the development of AA through increases in the infiltration of inflammatory cells and MMP activation. Our findings provide a novel feature of vascular complication of AA in MPNs due to constitutive activation of the hematopoietic JAK-STAT pathway.

Topic: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences