jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emerging insights into alternative end‑joining: Mechanisms, genome instability and therapeutic opportunities in cancer (Review)

Genome instability is a central hallmark of cancer, driven by aberrant DNA damage responses that facilitate tumor evolution and resistance to therapy. Although canonical non‑homologous end joining and homologous recombination are well‑characterized pathways for repairing DNA double‑strand breaks (DSBs), recent advances have revealed that cancer cells increasingly depend on alternative end‑joining (alt‑EJ) to survive persistent DNA damage that arises from intrinsic stresses or external therapies. Alt‑EJ, characterized by its reliance on microhomologous sequences at DSB sites, promotes mutation accumulation and chromosomal rearrangements, thereby driving genomic instability and tumor progression. Despite its pivotal role in cancer biology, the molecular regulation, contextual determinants and dualistic role of alt‑EJ in maintaining genome integrity compared with promoting instability remain incompletely understood. The present review integrated the latest mechanistic insights into alt‑EJ, elucidated its regulatory networks and interactions with canonical DSB repair pathways and discussed its consequences for cancer genome integrity and evolution. Furthermore, it highlighted the emerging potential of alt‑EJ as a therapeutic vulnerability for cancer, underscoring the urgent need to translate these discoveries into innovative treatment strategies aimed at overcoming therapy resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification, Morphological Characterization and Distribution of Fusarium species in Moroccan Wheat

Wheat Fusarium root rot is a common worldwide disease that occurs in a wide range of environmental and temperature conditions. Understanding morphological and molecular variations, as well as the geographic distribution of the fungi responsible is very important for a better disease control. Seventy-two Fusarium isolates were recovered from infected wheat plants collected in seven wheat production regions of Morocco. Five different species of Fusarium were isolated: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum, F. equiseti, and F. graminearum. For laboratory cultures, the potato dextrose agar is commonly used and gives good results for growth rate and morphological typical structures of the pathogen. In this study, Malt-extract and Potato dextrose Agar media were tested. The latter had shown higher growth rate for most of the Fusarium species and diverse morphological structures and pigmentations. The most common species in the regions of study is F. culmorum (59.72%), present in all of the studied areas followed by F. equiseti (11.11 %) and F. graminearum (8.33%) which were mainly restricted to North-Western Morocco, while F. sambicunum and F. avenaceum, with a percentage of 1.39% each, were only found in Central-Morocco.&nbsp;

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECTS OF PRODUCT INNOVATION AND ORGANISATIONAL CAPABILITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: EVIDENCE FROM UK SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES

We investigate the extent to which product innovation moderates the relationship between capabilities and competitive advantage among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using resource-based and capabilities theories, we examine capabilities as organisational routines, focusing on job rotation and multi-skilling. We examine competitive advantage by using logistic regression to assess the probability of top performance in productivity relative to most other firms in the same industry. Considering the path-dependence in developing capabilities and innovation, we use a longitudinal sample of 300 UK manufacturing SMEs in traditional and high-technology industries to evaluate the effects of innovating and using capabilities continuously over time. The results suggest that firms using job rotation or multi-skilling and introducing product innovations consistently from 2002 through 2004 are more likely to be top performers in 2004. The findings support a theoretical model according to which the association between capabilities and competitive advantage is moderated by innovation.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Eliminating the impact of the Impact Factor

The Impact Factor is the most popular numerical measure of a scientist’s work. Despite many well-documented flaws, the Impact Factor is commonly used in recruitment, appointment, and funding decisions. A diverse group of stakeholders is now making a concerted effort to combat misuse of the Impact

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S2 from Therapeutic Targeting of the CBP/p300 Bromodomain Blocks the Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

&lt;p&gt;qPCR analysis of Myc expression after GNE-049 treatment, effects of GNE-049 combination treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A neural network approach for 3-D face shape reconstruction

In this paper, a novel approach for 3D face shape recovery based on neural network is presented. A learning vector quantization network architecture based on varying parameters and eliminating is developed that learns the correction of gender patterns and recognizes facial expressions of human faces. To achieve robustness in viewing, the network is trained with a wide range of illumination and conditions. A method of merging recovered 3D surface regions by minimizing the sum squared error. Hence we measure the average absolute percentage error per pixel (AAPEPP) for each recovered face part. The new algorithms for data driven, stable, update the surface slope and height map are proposed. This approach significantly reduces the residual errors. Experimental results illustrate the good performance of our approach.

Topic: 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR STUDYING CORRUPTION IN ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS

Context. In the process of functioning of various organizational expert systems – economic, social, militarized – the task of detecting,localizing and measuring the level of corruption in the system arises. These tasks are solved on the basis of various data obtainedduring observations and experiments on the system. However, there is no single method for processing information to solve these problems.This paper proposes such a technique, based on a comparison of assessments of the same indicators of evaluated objects, givenby various experts.Objective. The purpose of the article is to develop a fully formalized method for detecting, localizing and measuring the level ofcorruption in an organizational system consisting of experts, based on the assessments given to objects.Method. The method proposed in the article consists in the presentation of an organizational system of m experts conducting anexamination of the object with n indicators by means of a (m× n) -matrix B = bij . Here bij – is the assessment given by the i -thexpert to the j-th indicator of the object. In this case a system with ideal (non-corrupted) experts corresponds to a matrix B with equalelements in any column and, accordingly, with matching lines. In a system with non-ideal (corrupt) experts, the matrix B does not havethis property. This allows you to enter an indicator of the absolute level of corruption in the system as the sum of the distances betweenthe results of the examination of various experts.Result. A general analytical expression is obtained for absolute level of corruption in systems with arbitrary B,m and n . The maximumpossible value of this indicator is found. An algorithm for detecting corruption in organizational systems is given, based on acomparison of calculated absolute level of corruption and its maximum allowable level. The problem of detecting corruption in a complexsystem, where objects with several indicators pass the examination, is also solved. Examples of detecting and measuring corruptionin real expert systems are given.Conclusions. A new approach to mathematical modeling of corruption processes in organizational expert systems, based on the useof a matrix of assessments of various indicators of evaluated objects by different experts of the system, is proposed. This approach, incontrast to the established practice, allows us to find uniform solutions of various problems of studying corruption in systems of thistype. These are tasks of detecting, localizing and measuring corruption. The direction as a whole is proposed to be called corrumetry.

Topic: Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Native plants from the genus Vaccinium in Colombia and their potential uses. A review

The Andean Region of Colombia has a large variety of species with diverse ethnobotanical uses, including industrial, medicinal and food uses. Among these plants are several wild species from the genus Vaccinium, which are native to the mountainous regions of the country. This review deals with potential uses for agraz (V. meridionale) and agracejo (V. floribundum) in Colombia, focusing on the nutritional potential of these plants and their importance for food security in terms of products made from their fruits and leaves. In addition, this review looks at possible negative effects from anthropic activities and climate change on wild plants from the genus Vaccinium.

Topic: Psidium guajava Extracts and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Proteomic tools help understanding the metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance in dairy cows

High-yielding dairy cows have enormous energy and nutrient requirements for milk production which are generally not met by a sufficient feed intake resulting in a negative energy balance (NEB) characterized by mobilisation of body reserves. It is still controversial whether during early lactation the mobilization of body reserves causes insufficient feed intake or insufficient feed intake causes mobilization of body reserves. In order to distinguish between cause and effect, we designed feed-restriction studies modelling NEB as well as follow-up studies on periparturient dairy cows and examined metabolic adaptation processes during NEB. To this end, 2D-gel based proteomic approaches coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS and MALDI-TOF-TOF analyses are often used for the investigation of changes in protein expression, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and protein identification, while subsequent Western Blots are applied to confirm the existence and expression of individual proteins. Proteomic profiling in tissues obtained from frequent liver and muscle biopsies or from slaughter provides insight into regulatory mechanisms at the translational and posttranslational level. We were able to demonstrate that phosphorylation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy key sensor, is increased in hypothalamus and liver but not in skeletal muscle during NEB. Muscle tissue in early lactation showed reduced abundance of muscular cytoskeletal proteins and enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis, fatty acid degradation, and TCA cycling, while the expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis, lactate and ATP production was increased. The functional characterisation of the hepatic oxidative metabolism is of particular interest because of its role to provide substrates for the mammary gland and its involvement in the control of feed intake. While feed restriction down-regulated hepatic proteins associated with fatty acid oxidation, early lactation expression of enzymes participating in fatty and amino acid degradation, TCA cycling, ATP production, and oxidative stress defence was increased. The integration of proteome data with corresponding plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations allowed us to propose an inter-organ crosstalk model in which hepatic and skeletal muscle metabolism in early lactating cows supports gluconeogenesis for milk production while hepatic oxidation of fatty acids interferes with the control of feed intake in the brain.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen. Report of a case.

A case of hemangiosarcoma of the spleen in a 59-year-old man is presented. The diagnosis was made on the surgical specimen after the patient had undergone emergency splenectomy for spontaneous rupture. In the post-operative course endoperitoneal chemotherapy with dexorubicin was performed. Six months later a liver biopsy showed metastatic tumor. The patient died nine months after the onset of the symptoms. Autopsy was not performed. Pathological aspects of splenic hemangiosarcoma and differences of prognosis between splenectomy performed before and after rupture are described.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Brominated Diphenyl Ether from the Marine Sponge <i>Dysidea herbacea</i> .

Samples of Dysidea herbacea collected at Pelorus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, afforded a new polybrominated diphenyl ether (1). The structure was determined by n.m.r. two-dimensional methods and by an X-ray diffraction study. N.m.r. spectral assignments for (1) and some previously reported isomeric polybrominated diphenyl ethers are discussed.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Alabama’s Enterprise Zones: Designed to Aid the Needy?

The Alabama Enterprise Zone Act established 27 zones across the state. The act provides incentives to business firms that locate within an approved zone in an effort to attract desperately needed jobs. Zone status was purported to be based on economic need as measured by five variables. In this article, the selection process is closely examined. The authors find that the selection criteria were frequently ignored in favor of political concerns. The results suggest that a policy designed to help needy individuals in the state was convoluted by the political process.

Topic: Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Mathematical and deep learning modelling of the blackberries and raspberries drying kinetics

Raspberries and Blackberries are among the most important viticultural products in Serbia. Most of them are marketed in a frozen state. Depending on the further use, to preserve nutrients as well as possible, other conservation techniques can be successfully used. Convective drying, as widely accepted method for fruit preservation is good alternative to preserve quality of these berries, primarily, and secondarily as being less demanding in terms of energy consumption. Hence, this study aims to model the drying kinetics of the selected berries using the usual semi-empirical formulas based on time-moisture ratio dependence, and with deep learning models which can include multiple parameters. Experimental part of the study was carried out in a convective dryer at different temperatures (50°C, 60°C and 70°C) and different air velocities (2 and 2.5 m/s). The effects of the operational parameters were evaluated with several quality criteria: shrinkage, color change and shape. Mathematical modelling of the drying kinetics was based on adjusting experimental data using 12 known semi-empirical models and one proposed. Besides, the experimental results were modeled with supervised deep learning techniques, a machine learning approach. The Static ANN model, RNN, and CatBoost model were selected for machine learning modelling. Optimization of the selected deep learning models was based on hyperparameter tuning. The accuracy of the evaluated and deep learning models was assessed using three metrics: coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).

Topic: Food Drying and Modeling
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure from An &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; CRISPR Screen Identifies Stepwise Genetic Dependencies of Metastatic Progression

Supplementary Figure from An &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; CRISPR Screen Identifies Stepwise Genetic Dependencies of Metastatic Progression

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enhancing effect of maternal zinc deficiency and 137Cs γ‐irradiation on the frequency of fetal malformations in mice

It is well established that in mammals transitory zinc (Zn) deficiency during embryogenesis can have a negative influence on fetal development. Similar to Zn deficiency, maternal exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation during the first day of pregnancy has been shown to negatively affect preimplantation embryo development, and higher doses of maternal irradiation during late stages of embryogenesis can result in malformations. Here we report the effect of transitory maternal Zn deprivation combined with low dose irradiation during embryogenesis on fetal outcome. Pregnant mice were acutely dosed with 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.25 Gy of γ-radiation the day after mating (GD0), or with 0.00 or 0.50 Gy on GD8. Mice irradiated on GD0 were either fed a low Zn diet (0.4 μg Zn/g) for 48 h prior to mating through GD0 or GD5 and then switched to a control diet (50 μg Zn/g) through GD18, or they were fed the control diet throughout gestation. Dams irradiated on GD8 were either fed the low Zn diet from GD0 through GD10 and then switched to the control diet, or they were fed the control diet throughout gestation. Zn deprivation did not influence any of the maternal or embryonic/fetal parameters measured in the cohorts fed the low Zn diet through GD0. In contrast, groups fed the low Zn diet through GD5 or GD10 had lower mean maternal body weights, fewer live fetuses/litter, and a higher incidence of resorptions than controls. Fetuses from dams fed the low Zn diet through GD10 were smaller and shorter, and had a higher frequency of malformations than controls. Irradiation on GD8 under adequate Zn conditions had no effect on any parameter, but GD8 irradiation during maternal Zn deficiency had an additive effect on the frequency of fetal malformations. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 17:127–137, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Dealing with minors – procedural safeguards, guarantees and techniques in family law and criminal law matters in Hungary

The starting point of the study is the fact that both in family law and in criminal law cases it often comes to the point when minors are affected – either because the divorcing couple have children whose further life will also be determined by the court’s decision or because they are victims or even defendants of a criminal case. Dealing with minors in court procedures requires special safeguards in order to protect their safe development and to avoid any harms that can rise from being involved in a process they are not comfortable with. The authors of this study work as judges at Hungarian courts and have firsthand experiences on this field. The first part of the study deals with criminal procedure law. The authors describe the techniques applied in criminal investigations and court procedures if children must be questioned. The paper highlights the advantages and difficulties of the so-called Barnahus-method which is considered the best way to hear a child who was victim of a violent act. The second part of the study presents the way children get informed and – if they wish so – heard in divorce cases – a procedure recently implemented according to EU-standards.

Topic: European Criminal Justice and Data Protection
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Of Eagles and Worms

Abstract In designing and practicing behavioral management methods effectively, both the finely directed focus of the worm and the broad perspective of the eagle are essential. Early successes of behavioral applications were constrained by failure to see the big picture, in terms of what the problem really was, what explained its evolution and persistence and from where the sources of the most powerful contingencies stemmed. A number of examples in education, human services, industry and other organizations are supplied to demonstrate that when the larger picture is examined first, it is possible to discover those powerful sources and intervene to optimize their influence in support of productive and durable change. Key Words: Meta and molecular behavioral contingencies

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Where Do We Stand on "Buddy Transfusion" During Military Operations?

Warm fresh whole-blood transfusion between comrades on the battlefield, also known as "buddy transfusion," has been thrust back into the limelight for several years now. It means drawing blood on the battlefield, once a bleeding soldier needs a transfusion, from one of their uninjured companions and immediately infusing it. It is a lifesaving procedure, effective and hardy. This work aims to answer the main questions that military caregivers might have about it: interest of this procedure, donor and recipient safety, and hemostatic capacity of the blood collected this way.

Topic: Blood donation and transfusion practices
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Nexuses, sphalerons, and fractional topological charge

So far, it may appear that center vortices are embedded Abelian objects. But center vortices can be extended to non-Abelian objects in several ways. We describe two: the first we call junctions, representing the merging and branching of vortex lines (or sheets, in d = 4) without the necessity of monopole-like objects called nexuses; the second are nexuses themselves, which are modifications of 't Hooft–Polyakov monopoles but with their magnetic flux bundled into tubes that are parts of center vortices. The most interesting property of nexuses is that, along with center vortices, they admit the formation of quantum lumps of nonintegral topological charge. Nexuses do not change the picture of confinement given in this book in any material way, although this is not completely obvious. But they enter in a crucial way into a reinterpretation of Polyakov's discussion of confinement in the d = 3 Georgi–Glashow model, as we indicate at the end of this section.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences