jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Object Segmentation Algorithm for Surveillance Systems

In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting moving objects in a video sequence. The method is mostly suitable for video surveillance sequences in which background has no motion and changes are due to background changes (e.g. illumination changes and changes due to adding or removing parts of background) and the moving objects. In the first stage, we compute the difference image which is the difference between the background image and the coming image. The background image is obtained using a novel method. After that, we divide the difference image into blocks of equal size, and using mean and standard deviation of each block the difference image is divided into two regions at a coarse level (block level): foreground and background. To extract boundaries, we continue the procedure at the pixel level. Finally post processing is needed to eliminate false detection due to noise and eliminating shadow effects. Our proposed method has the ability of detecting multiple objects without knowing the number of objects a priori. In addition, a novel background update is proposed to cope with the changes of the background image.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characteristics of Fruit Quality and Seed Formation Influenced by Pollen Donors in Kiwifruit ‘Sunfl’ and ‘Garmhwang’

This study aimed to assess the characteristics of fruit quality and seed formation resulting from pollination by four different pollen donors: 'SKK2', 'Deliwoong', 'Pohwa', and 'Chieftain'. The objective was to identify the most effective pollen donor for yielding commercially viable fruits in two cultivars of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis): 'Sunfl' and 'Garmhwang'. Over a two-year period, the fruit setting rate for 'Sunfl' and 'Garmhwang' kiwifruit, pollinated by the four donors, consistently exceeded 96%. For 'Sunfl', the heaviest fruit weight was observed when pollinated with 'Deliwoong' for both years, while the lightest fruit was associated with 'Pohwa' in 2021 and 'Chieftain' in 2022. For 'Garmhwang', there was a yearly variation with the heaviest fruit weight linked to 'Deliwoong' in 2021 and 'Chieftain' in 2022. When examining the fruit characteristics of 'Sunfl', the dry matter content was highest when pollinated by 'SKK2', and the soluble solids content peaked with 'Chieftain' in 2021, although no significant differences were observed in 2022. Total and immature seed numbers in 'Sunfl' were highest with hexaploid pollen donors, while the 1000-seed weight was highest with tetraploid pollen donors. For the fruit characteristics of 'Garmhwang', the dry matter content and titratable acidity were highest when pollinated by 'SKK2'. Soluble solids content showed annual variation. Mature and total seed number in 'Garmhwang' were highest with 'Deliwoong' and 'Chieftain', while the immature seed number was lowest with 'SKK2'.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Exploration on the fulminating plague in Bianjing in 1232 and the climatic factors].

The plague occurred in Bianjing in 1232 was a serious event in the history of Chinese epidemic. It lasted for over 50 days, with a death toll of over 900,000. It is speculated that this is a mass epidemic of pneumonic plague and the pathogen was carried by the Mongolian Army when attacking Bianjing. At that time, the plague spread in Mongolian Army camp and finally involved the suburbs of Bianjing. After the army withdrawal, when Bianjing residents and soldiers went out of the city to collect foods and were unfortunately infected, and thus this dangerous infectious disease was transmitted into the city from the suburbs. Soon, the plague broke out and became epidemic in Bianjing during the 27-day period of 5 May-1 June, because of the cold snap rushed upon Bianjing on 1 June, the unusual weather was the motive for the mass epidemic of the plague. By then, it was popularly recognized as "exogenous cold damage". At present, facing the global climatologic changes, it is of great practical significance to explore the rich materials of plague and the climatic records accumulated in Chinese medicine.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from Histone Methyltransferase Gene &lt;i&gt;SETD2&lt;/i&gt; Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Supplementary Figure 3 from Histone Methyltransferase Gene &lt;i&gt;SETD2&lt;/i&gt; Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Simple Codes and Sparse Recovery with Fast Decoding

Construction of error-correcting codes achieving a designated minimum distance parameter is a central problem in coding theory. In this work, we study a very simple construction of binary linear codes that correct a given number of errors $K$. Moreover, we design a simple, nearly optimal syndrome decoder for the code as well. The running time of the decoder is only logarithmic in the block length of the code, and nearly linear in the number of errors $K$. This decoder can be applied to exact for-all sparse recovery over any field, improving upon previous results with the same number of measurements. Furthermore, computation of the syndrome from a received word can be done in nearly linear time in the block length. We also demonstrate an application of these techniques in non-adaptive group testing, and construct simple explicit measurement schemes with $O(K^2 \log^2 N)$ tests and $O(K^3 \log^2 N)$ recovery time for identifying up to $K$ defectives in a population of size $N$.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation and evaluation of chitosan-alginate/carrageenan hydrogel for oral drug delivery in the treatment of diabetes

Marine beds are an untapped resource of bioactive materials which can be explored for drug delivery applications. In the present study, a hydrogel was developed with an optimal concentration of sodium alginate-chitosan core polyelectrolytic complex loaded with anti-diabetic drug metformin and coated with ĸ-Carrageenan as an efficient oral drug delivery vehicle. The formulation was optimized by changing parameters such as concentration of polymers, amount of cross-linker and the type and amount of coating material. The prepared hydrogels were characterized for their structural integrity using instrumental techniques such as FTIR, XRD, DSC, and SEM while the physical properties were assessed by evaluating its thickness, UV barrier ability and swelling degree. In vitro study demonstrated the influence of presence and type of coating material affecting drug delivery process. The study suggested that coating with 3% ĸ-Carrageenan (A19) was found most suitable for oral drug delivery since it could resist diffusion of drug in the stomach (pH 1.2) so that maximum drug could reach the intestine (pH 7.4) for absorption. Metformin loaded hydrogel (A20) released ~49% drug in the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). In the simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) both the hydrogel exhibited a sustained release pattern lasting for more than 4 h. Investigation of drug release kinetics using different mathematical models showed that Higuchi model was the best fit release model with R 2 ⩾ 0.973. The results indicated that the prepared hydrogels could be potential drug delivery vehicle toward intestine as well as for extended release to colon targeted drug delivery.

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tissue Distribution and Mitochondrial Localization of Human Thioredoxin 2 (hTrx2) in transgenic mice

Trx2 is a critical regulator of cell survival and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. In vitro studies show overexpression of Trx2 confers an increase in mitochondria membrane potential and resistance to apoptosis induced by peroxides and etoposide. Knockdown of Trx2 expression results in apoptosis. Knockout Trx2 mice died in early embryonic development. To gain further insight into the roles of Trx2 in vivo, we established hTrx2 transgenic mouse model with hTrx2 expression under a CAG promoter. A C‐terminal V5 epitope tag was included to aid the detection of the transgene product. In all 3 founder lines that were generated, high expression of hTrx2 was observed in heart, pancreas, and skeletal muscle, while the expression in brain, lung and kidney were lower. This tissue distribution quantitatively differed from that of endogenous mouse Trx2 and cytochrome c. Western blot analyses of extracts from isolated mitochondria of liver, heart and skeletal muscle showed that hTrx2 was expressed in mitochondria in a processed form with removal of MLS. Thus, the hTrx2 was expressed in the mice as the mature form localized in mitochondria. Quantification of mRNA level by real‐time PCR showed that mRNA distribution did not correlate with the protein expression. These results indicate that mechanism other than transcription control hTrx2 expression. The results indicate that this transgenic mouse model will provide a useful way to observe the function of Trx2 in normal and pathological processes.

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In planta Screening of Rhizobacterial Community for Promoting Maize (Zea mays cv. BISI 2) Growth in Dryland Agriculture

In this study, screening of rhizobacterial community structure was performed to obtain potential rhizosphere bacterial community for plant growth promotion in dryland agriculture.Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from better growth performance of maize planted in dryland farm.Eleven rhizosphere soil samples were selected based on their effect on the growth of maize in a greenhouse.The water holding capacity of maize growth medium was adjusted in 100, 75 and 50%.Rhizobacterial communities were analyzed using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) based on metagenomic and cultivation-dependent approaches.The TR D is the best maize rhizosphere soil sample obtained from in planta screening.In the 50% water holding capacity, TR D treatment can increase the vegetative growth of maize.The TR D treatmen generally showed increased fresh weight of upper biomass (47.1%), dry weight of upper biomass (45.2%) and root dry weight (33.4%).The bacterial community structure of TR D included Burkholderiales, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Candidatus, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales, Sinobacteraceae and Acidobacteria.Burkholderiales is the dominant group in metagenomic and Pseudomonas sp. is the dominant group in cultivation-dependent approach.In the other soil samples, such as TR A and TR K1, Burkholderiales and Bacillus sp. were the dominant.This study indicated that in planta screening can use to obtain potential rhizosphere bacterial community for growth promoting of maize in dryland.

Topic: Agricultural Development and Management
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Neutral and cationic tungsten(<scp>vi</scp>) fluoride complexes with tertiary phosphine and arsine coordination

The dodecahedral [WF<sub>4</sub>{<italic>o</italic>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(EMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> dications (E = P, As) present the highest oxidation state metal fluoride complexes with soft donor ligands.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Dombey and Son: The New-Fashioned Man and the Old-Fashioned Child

There is a new dimension to Dickens's interest in childhood in Dombey and Son. It is a clearer sense of how different the world looks through a child's eyes. The familiar use of the child as an agent of redemption is still there, but in addition we have in little Paul, for a while, an unprecedented insight into the child's mind and its refracted view of the adult world. John Carey has attacked Dickens's habit of creating 'plastic children', fictional repositories of 'an innocence which the grown-up wrongly imagines he once possessed himself'. Such children, he argues, are essentially an 'adult amenity'.1 This could fairly be said of most of the children in the novels and Christmas books before Dombey and Son. It could be said of much in Dickens's presentation of Paul in that novel. But it is dangerously easy to make the mistake of reading the earlier children (Nell, Smike, Oliver) into Paul and so miss the ways in which he is radically different from them. For one thing, he is not innocent: he is disconcertingly shrewd and penetrating. For another, there is a grotesque quality about Paul that the narrator underlines at several points. This makes him different from, say, Little Nell, with whom he is often compared: we may think Nell somewhat grotesque, but her creator certainly does not.KeywordsForce SystemSacred GroveEternal LifeAdult WorldMasculine PersonaThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Migration, Policy, and Dickens Studies
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of building topography around high-speed railway foundation on wind environment and thermal comfort

The influence of the surrounding building topography of the Datong-Xi?an high-speed railway foundation on the wind environment and the thermal comfort is studied, especially the outdoor wind environment and indoor air-flow organization of the surrounding buildings are analyzed numerically, and the building terrain and the indoor temperature and the wind?s speed distribution are systematically evaluated. The results show that the surrounding terrain of the roadbed has a significant effect on the wind environment of the site, affecting the natural ventilation in summer and wind-proof and energy-saving in winter. The terrain surrounding of the building in summer reduces the wind speed by 30.5%, and it increases in winter by 31.6%; the wind speed in the indoor personnel activity area of the building around the roadbed is less than 0.35 m/s, leading to a comfortable body feeling.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unusual Magnetic Property of Ba2CrTaO6 and Phase Transformation under High Pressure

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual Magnetic Property of Ba2CrTaO6 and Phase Transformation under High PressureSeung-Tae Hong, Jae-Hyun Park, and Jin-Ho ChoyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 16, 6176–6181Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100016a063https://doi.org/10.1021/j100016a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Shape-Shifting Representation

Shape-shifting representation is common in practice but largely shunned in theoretical and empirical analysis. This article resurrects, defines, and explores shape-shifting and closely linked concepts and practices such as shape-retaining. It generates new concepts of representative positioning and patterning in order to aid our understanding, and makes the case for placing this critical phenomenon front and center in the analysis of political representation. It examines crucial empirical and normative implications for our understanding of representation, including the argument that shape-shifting representation is not intrinsically undesirable. Developing the theory of shape-shifting representation can prompt a new level of analytical purchase on the challenge of explaining and evaluating representation's vitality and complexity.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reasonable Humans and Animals: An Argument for Vegetarianism

It is easy for us to criticize the prejudices of our grandfathers, from which our fathers freed themselves.It is more difficult to distance ourselves from our own views, so that we can dispassionately search for prejudices among the beliefs and values we hold."-Peter Singer "It's a matter of taking the side of the weak against the strong, something the best people have always done." -Harriet Beecher StoweIn my experience of teaching philosophy, ethics and logic courses, I have found that no topic brings out the rational and emotional best and worst in people than ethical questions about the treatment of animals.This is not surprising since, unlike questions about social policy, generally about what other people should do, moral questions about animals are personal.As philosopher

Topic: Environmental Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Race-Specific Patterns of Treatment Intensification Among Hypertensive Patients Using Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Analysis Using Defined Daily Doses in the Heart Healthy Lenoir Study

Background: Racial disparities in blood pressure (BP) control persist, but whether differences by race in antihypertensive medication intensification (AMI) contribute is unknown. Objective: To compare AMI by race for patients with elevated home BP readings. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed adult patients from 6 rural primary care practices who used home BP monitoring (HBPM) and recorded/reported values. For providers, AMI was encouraged when mean HBPM systolic blood pressure (SBP) values were ⩾135 mm Hg; patients received phone-based coaching on HBPM technique and sharing HBPM findings. AMI was assessed between baseline and 12 months using defined daily dose (DDD) and summed to create a total antihypertensive DDD value. Results: A total of 217 patients (mean age = 61.4 ± 10.2 years; 66% female; 57% black) provided usable HBPM data. Among 90 (41%) intensification-eligible hypertensive patients (ie, mean HBPM SBP values for 6-months ⩾135 mm Hg), mean total antihypertensive DDD was increased in 61% at 12 months. Blacks had significantly higher mean DDD at baseline and 12 months, but intensification (+0.72 vs +0.65; P = 0.83) was similar by race. However, intensification was greater in males than females (+1.1 vs +0.39; P = 0.031). Reduction in mean SBP following intensification was greater in white versus black patients (−8.2 vs −3.9 mm Hg; P = 0.14). Conclusion/Relevance: Treatment intensification in HBPM users was similar by race, differed significantly by gender, and may produce a greater response in white patients. Differential AMI in HBPM users does not appear to contribute to persistent racial disparities in BP control.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Memory in T/Rubble: Tackling (Nuclear) Ruins

The 1945 bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki seem to have recently started to recede back in the memory of Western culture. 9/11 and the age of global warfare which we are in have averted our gazes away from that past, in our tremulous expectations of the next traumatic event. In the twentieth century, poets like Tony Harrison have tackled this delicate topic, while Japanese culture has in many ways been forced and willing to reconsider its own agendas and sense of identity from those ‘ground zeroes’ onwards. In both A Pale View of Hills (1982) and An Artist of the Floating World (1986), one of the most famous and truly global writers of our times, Kazuo Ishiguro, has offered his own complex views on the still vulnerable sites and lives those events ‘created.’ In these two novels, he attempts to rememorialize the numerous competing and often contrasting memories of the lit(t)eral aftermath of the Bomb: he recuperates and interpellates collective and individual pasts, and manages to construe unstable texts which mimic the urban spaces invaded, reconfigured by and in their human and material rubble, as much as in the irretrievable traces which mark its vanishing. I Harrison and Ishiguro to verify the unreliability of memory, its radically vulnerable state, but also the possibilities of recuperation, recovery and resistance works of imagination may offer.

Topic: Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Perceived Quality of Packet Audio under Bursty Losses

We examine the impact of bursty losses on the perceived quality of packet audio, and investigate the effectiveness various approaches to improve the quality. Because the degree of burstiness depends on the packet interval, we first derive a formula to re-compute the conditional loss probability of a Gilbert loss model when the packet interval changes. We find that FEC works better at a larger packet interval under bursty losses. In our MOS-based (Mean Opinion Score) listening tests, we did not find a consistent trend in MOS when burstiness increases if FEC is not used. That is, In some occasions MOS can be higher with a higher burstiness. With FEC, our results confirms the analytical results that quality is better with a larger packet interval, but T should not be too large to avoid severe penalty on a single packet loss. We also find that low bit-rate redundancy generally produces lower perceived quality than FEC, if the main codec is already a low bit-rate codec. Finally, we compare our MOS results with objective quality estimation algorithms (PESQ, PSQM/PSQM+, MNB and EMBSD). We find PESQ has the best linear correlation with MOS, but the value is still less than commonly cited, implying they cannot be used in isolation to predict MOS.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences