jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TEMPORARY KERATOPROSTHESIS COMBINED WITH VITRECTOMY FOR SEVERE GLOBE INJURY

Purpose: To describe a case of a 44-year-old man with ocular trauma after a mine explosion. From the moment of the injury, the patient reported significant visual impairment (no perception of light in the right eye and a perception of light without localization in the left eye). The patient was diagnosed with a double-sided penetrating corneal scleral wound and traumatic cataract, retinal detachment, and intraocular foreign bodies after a battlefield mine explosion. Methods: The three-stage procedure, consisting of using soft contact lens as temporary keratoprosthesis, vitrectomy, and penetrating keratoplasty, was performed in the damaged eye. Results: A soft contact lens allowed for excellent visualization of the posterior segment during vitrectomy. At the 1-month follow-up, the eye that was operated on could sense light. The corneal transplant remained translucent, and the retina was attached. Conclusion: The described method, when performed by an experienced surgeon, may aid in simultaneously treating coexisting corneal opacification and vitreoretinal disorders.

Topic: Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dampak Ekonomi Digital dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Ekonomi Indonesia Selama dan Paska Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of this original research is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of Indonesia's digital economy measures that affect Indonesia's economic resilience during and after the covid-19 pandemic, especially in transforming and strengthening small and medium enterprises in digital adoption. This paper shows Indonesia's main preparations and implementations on its digital readiness that support economic activities during covid-19 and even more so after covid-19, for all through the analysis of Indonesia's measures at the government, business, and community levels. Indonesia has a large gap in current and future digital skills and competencies that may burden Indonesia to achieve digital transformation now and in the future. Then, this paper also proposes recommendations for additional steps or improvements, especially in preparing human capacity to support future digital at any level to meet future digital skills and competencies.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Pedagogy for Digraphia: An Analysis of the Impact of Pinyin on Literacy Teaching in China and its Implications for Curricular and Pedagogical Innovations in a Wider Community

For the most part unrecognised by the international community, the introduction of Pinyin in the teaching of Mandarin Chinese to children in the initial years of their schooling in China is one of the largest innovations in the history of language education. It has also provided an example of an effective pedagogical and curricular reform on a scale unprecedented in school systems in the North and West. So the overview of policy and reform I offer here is a story worth telling. In this paper I construct a critical history and overview, beginning by revisiting the social and educational context in which the experiment was initiated and conducted. Drawing upon the relevant literature published in China and largely unavailable in the West, I then describe the fundamental assumptions and basic teaching processes, offering a critical commentary on results of the experiment. I conclude by discussing implications of the Pinyin initiative for the wider language and literacy education community.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synergy between Indoloquinolines and Ciprofloxacin: An Antibiofilm Strategy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antibiotic treatments can participate in the formation of bacterial biofilm in case of under dosage. The interest of indoloquinoline scaffold for drug discovery incited us to study the preparation of new indolo [2,3-b]quinoline derivatives by a domino radical process. We tested the effect of two different “indoloquinoline” molecules (Indol-1 and Indol-2) without antimicrobial activity, in addition to ciprofloxacin, on biofilm formation thanks to crystal violet staining and enumeration of adhered bacteria. This association of ciprofloxacin and Indol-1 or Indol-2 attenuated the formation of biofilm up to almost 80% compared to ciprofloxacin alone, or even prevented the presence of adhered bacteria. In conclusion, these data prove that the association of non-antimicrobial molecules with an antibiotic can be a solution to fight against biofilm and antibiotic resistance emergence.

Topic: Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DPPA as a Potential Cell Membrane Component Responsible for Binding Amyloidogenic Protein Human Cystatin C

A phospholipid bilayer is a typical structure that serves crucial functions in various cells and organelles. However, it is not unusual for it to take part in pathological processes. The cell membrane may be a binding target for amyloid-forming proteins, becoming a factor modulating the oligomerization process leading to amyloid deposition—a hallmark of amyloidogenic diseases—e.g., Alzheimer’s disease. The information on the mechanisms governing the oligomerization influenced by the protein–membrane interactions is scarce. Therefore, our study aims to describe the interactions between DPPA, a cell membrane mimetic, and amyloidogenic protein human cystatin C. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to monitor (i) the secondary structure of the human cystatin C and (ii) the phase transition temperature of the DPPA, during the protein–membrane interactions. NMR techniques were used to determine the protein fragments responsible for the interactions, and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to provide a molecular structure representing the interaction. The obtained data indicate that the protein interacts with DPPA, submerging itself into the bilayer via the AS region. Additionally, the interaction increases the content of α-helix within the protein’s secondary structure and stabilizes the whole molecule against denaturation.

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
RATIONAL FAMILIES OF VECTOR BUNDLES ON CURVES

Let C be a smooth projective complex curve of genus g≥2 and let M be the moduli space of rank 2, stable vector bundles on C, with fixed determinant of degree 1. For any k≥1, we find all the irreducible components of the space of rational curves on M, of degree k. In particular, we find the maximal rationally connected fibrations of these components. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between moduli spaces of rational curves on M and moduli spaces of rank 2 vector bundles on ℙ 1 ×C.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
5. IJESRJUN 20185

Indonesian students who learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL) often find it difficult to produce ideal texts. It might be caused by their limited vocabulary and the lack of grammar insight. One of the research findings shows that the different structure between L1 (first language) and TL (target language) might also contribute to this matter. Regarding these issues, this study aims to find out the significant difference of the use of L1 and TL toward students’ writing skill. Furthermore, this study also tries to seek the challenges that the teacher faced in employing L1 and TL as language instructions in the classroom. This study employed Mixed-Method research in which the data obtained would be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Tests and interview were employed as instruments in which both of them would be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The sample of this research was 44 students at grade ten of a Senior High School in West Nusa Tenggara. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling. The results showed that there was the significant difference of the use of L1 and TL toward students’ writing skill. It was indicated after testing the null hypothesis by employing t-test (2.413) which is higher than t-table (2.018) at a confident level.05 (95%) with a degree of freedom (df) 42. Furthermore, from the interview with the teacher, it was shown that the English teacher’s main challenge in employing L1 and TL was on the limited time allocation to explain materials in a bilingual wa

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Content and composition of pentose in buckwheat flour (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The total pentose quantity in buckwheat flour of cvs. Siva, Darja, Petra and Bednja 4n was determined using the volumetric bromide-bromate method. The Molisch test was used to determine the presence of carbohydrates in hydrolysates (72% H2SO4) and, in the same samples, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - based on ion-exchange chromatography and after-column reaction derivation with copper 2,2’-bicinchoninate and detected by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer - was used to determine monosaccharides glucose (hexose) and xylose (pentose). We established that the only pentose present in buckwheat flour is xylose, whose content in different analysed cultivars ranged from 5.44 to 6.51%.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study of the Hồi giáo Religion in Vietnam: With a Reference to Islamic Religious Practices of

This paper examines Hồi giáo, a state-recognized religion translated as “Islam ” in Vietnam, and will focus on the Islamic religious practices of the Cham Bani, one of two groups of Muslims in Vietnam. While it is recognized that diverse Islamic religious practices have taken root in various areas, there is a tendency to view religious practices such as the Quran recital, Ramadan, Salat, and so on, with a sweeping uniformity. As such, regardless of how “unorthodox ” they are, the people who engage in such practices within society are regarded, or classified, as Muslim. The Cham Bani have also been described as an unorthodox Muslim sect, on the basis of its syncretic religious practices. However, the Cham Bani practitioners see themselves as neither Muslim nor members of the Islam community, and consider that they have experienced a different evolution of Islamic religious elements. Is it possible to equate Hồi giáo with Islam and its followers with Muslim? This paper examines these questions through observations of the self-recognition, as well as the actual conditions of Islamic practices among the Cham Bani, especially the rituals that are observed during Ramadan. It reveals the possibility that Vietnam’s state-recognized religious sect of “Islam ” and its “Muslim ” followers are polythetic in nature and differ from the conventional definitions of Islam and Muslim, based on a monothetic classification.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simulating the thermal behavior of northern peatlands with a 3‐D microtopography

Globally, peatlands represent important stores of carbon which may have an important influence on future climatic conditions. Understanding how peatlands will influence, and also respond to, future climates will require an understanding of their thermal behavior. Peatland surfaces are often characterized by a 3‐D microtopography. Therefore, we might expect strong horizontal thermal gradients and exchanges between neighboring microforms with contrasting hydrological regimes and vegetation composition. However, previous peatland temperature models have assumed that horizontal temperature gradients are insignificant and that temperatures can be simulated adequately by applying 1‐D vertical models. We outline the development, parameterization, and evaluation of a 3‐D model that simulates peat temperatures in two microforms, a Sphagnum fuscum hummock surrounded by a Sphagnum magellanicum lawn, to identify the importance of such horizontal heat fluxes. The 3‐D Heat‐in‐Peat (HIP) model provides a reasonable representation of temperatures in the microforms with a root‐mean‐squared error between modeled and measured peat temperatures ranging from 2.33° to 0.20°C. The 3‐D HIP model highlights the importance of a 3‐D microtopography on the surface energy balance and peat temperatures. Comparison of the 3‐D HIP model with 1‐D simulations of peat temperatures shows that horizontal temperature gradients significantly influence peat temperatures within the hummock, with simulated temperatures at a depth of 0.375 m beneath the hummock being underestimated by up to 1.2°C in 1‐D simulations. In contrast, temperatures within the Sphagnum magellanicum lawn were adequately simulated by ignoring horizontal heat fluxes.

Topic: Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of hydrostatic pressure amplitude on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells

In articular cartilage, chondrocytes are subjected to various mechanical signals among which, hydrostatic pressure (HP) has been suggested to improve the phenotype of chondrocytes and enhance the chondroinduction of stem cells. The objective of this work, was to compare the effect of applying 3 MPa and 5 MPa of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were isolated from human abdominal fat tissue and examined for expression of MSC surface proteins and multilneage differentiation. In SC and GF groups, cells were incubated in culture medium and chondrogenic medium containing growth factor, TGF-β1 for 10 days, respectively. In 3 MPa- and 5 MPa-HP groups, cells were incubated in culture medium and subjected to 3 MPa and 5 MPa of HP from the 4th day of culture for 7 days (4 hours/day). In 3 MPa- and 5 MPa-HP-GF groups, cells were incubated in chondrogenic medium and subjected 3 MPa and 5 MPa of HP for 7 days (4 hours/day). Real-Time PCR method was used to examine the expression of collagen II, as a chondrogenic specific gene. The highest collagen II expression, close to that of the native cartilage tissue, was obtained in 5 MPa-HP-GF group, suggesting that combination of this loading regime with using growth factor can be used as an effective tool in cartilage tissue engineering for directing stem cells toward chondrogenic phenotype.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flexible Spatial Decision-Making and Support

Spatial decision-making is a key aspect of human behaviour. Spatial decision support systems support spatial decision-making processes by integrating required information, tools, models and technology in a user-friendly manner. While current spatial decision support systems fulfil their specific objectives, they fail to address many of the requirements for effective spatial problem solving, as they are inflexible, complex to use and often domain-specific. This research blends together several relevant disciplines to overcome the problems identified in various areas of spatial decision support. We proposed a generic spatial decision-making process and a domain-independent spatial decision support system (SDSS) framework and architecture to support the process. We also developed a flexible SDSS to demonstrate an environment in which decision makers can utilize various tools and explore different scenarios to derive a decision. The use of the system is demonstrated in a number of real scenarios across location, allocation, routing, layout, and spatio-temporal problems.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart.

The authors describe various denervation operations, and based on their findings, propose their own method of aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart. The results assembled in acute and chronic experiments on dogs indicate that by this operation the sympathetic activation of the heart during adequate physical strain is suppressed; this does not occur, however, in complete ischaemia of the brain. Vagus innervation of the heart is also preserved and thus also the parasympathetic regulation of its rhythm. The authors discuss the importance of aimed sympathetic denervation of the heart for the surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease.

Topic: Pain Management and Treatment
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Time Delay in Molecular Photoionization

Manuscript &amp; supplementary materials (.pdf), interactive figures (.fig) and data (.dat).<br>Update 30th June 2017: Added .dat files for full complex dipoles (N2 only).<br><br>Update 12th Feb 2017: Added PDF "Response to Comment on ``Time delays in molecular photoionization'': Extended Discussion &amp; Technical Notes". This is the technical response to a recent comment on the original article (to be published in J. Phys. B). Arxiv 1612.00481.Interested readers can also consult https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3511731 for further background materials.<br>Update 11th July 2016: Added .dat files for Tw data (finally).<br>Update 1st June 2016: updated arxiv version of the manuscript. The published version can be found in J. Phys. B 49, 095602 (2016), doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/49/9/095602 (see link below).<br>Update 5th April 2016: added some additional notes on scattering theory &amp; use of ePolyScat.<br>Update 9th Feb. 2016: angular line-outs added to Supplementary Material PDF.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE EFFECT OF LIQUEFACTION ON THE DAMAGES OF FACTRIES IN THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

平成23年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災では,京浜工業地帯・京葉工業地帯の沿岸部の埋立地において,液状化に起因した工場の被害が多数発生した.このような工場の被害において,工場敷地内の液状化の有無に基づいて被害の傾向を評価することは,今後の液状化対策の費用対効果等を検討する上で有用である.そこで,本検討では,地震動強さおよび液状化の有無と工場の被災による経済損失の関係を,種々の公表資料から調査した.地震動強さは工場近隣の計測震度とし,液状化の有無は工場近隣における液状化の有無により推測した.また,被災による経済損失は,有価証券報告書の記述から推計した.そして,液状化が生じた場合の工場の敷地面積1m2あたりの工場の被害増加額を概算した.

Topic: Earthquake and Tsunami Effects
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonlinear behavior and applications of Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

This dissertation mainly focuses on two closely-related research topics about Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (VCSOAs). One is theoretical study, modeling, and characterization of the nonlinear gain characteristics of VCSOAs due to the dependence of nonlinear refractive index on carrier concentration in its Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity; the other is the experimental investigation of the feasibility of all-optical logic operations. First, the theoretical study and demonstration of Wavelength Bistability (WB) and Multiple Bistability (MB) in a VCSOA are presented. It is proved both experimentally and theoretically that WB and Power Bistability (PB) are inter-related through the same bistable switching points. MB is observed by sweeping the optical input power, with input wavelength fixed at the longer-wavelength side of two Polarization-Dependent Gain (PDG) windows of a VCSOA while the input polarization direction is set to a specific angle with respect to two intrinsic principal axes of material birefringence in the VCSOA. Secondly, a cascadable All-Optical Inverter (AOI), All-Optical Flip-Flop (AOFF) and All-Optical Pass Transistor (AOPT) are proposed and demonstrated experimentally based on VCSOAs. The operation of cascadable AOI is based on three types of nonlinearities in a VCSOA: Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM), nonlinear gain characteristics (including optical bistability), and polarization gain anisotropy. The demonstrated AOI shows fast switching time &amp;lt;80ps, low switching threshold (̃10[mu]W), and a high noise margin for cascadability. AOFF is realized by a cross-coupled AOI pair, demonstrating all-optical memory functionality at a low switching power. The realization of AOPT is based on a bistable VCSOA, where the signal output of a transistor is switched ON/OFF by an optical control beam that alters the bistable switching threshold for the signal beam through Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM). Finally, the nonlinear gain characteristics of VCSOAs subject to external feedback are studied. If optical feedback is constructive and co- polarized with the input beam, the resonant wavelength of the VCSOA experiences a red-shift and increased gain as the feedback is increased, resulting in enhanced nonlinear gain. When coherent optical feedback is cross-polarized with the input and its wavelength is detuned to the longer -wavelength side of both VCSOA intrinsic PDG windows, a self-sustained optical oscillation is obtained

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture: the heterogeneity of abatement costs in France

This paper addresses the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. The analysis focuses on the shadow prices associated with the reductions in the net emissions, taking into account the carbon sequestration by soils and trees. These estimates are based on a set of farm-unit linear programming models representing the French agricultural sector. The distribution of the shadow prices over farm types is discussed and the importance of allowing afforestation on set-aside land to achieve a cost-effective reduction in net emissions is highlighted. However, allowing afforestation on set-aside land may increase inequality in terms of revenue losses for farmers.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Advances in Rhizobial Research – Progress Priorities in Temperate Areas

Rhizobia are well known for their capacity to establish a symbiosis with legumes. During this symbiosis the bacteria inhabit root nodules where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the plant. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important source of nitrogen and the various legume crops and pasture species often fix as much as 200-300 kg nitrogen per hectare (Peoples et al., 1995). Globally, symbiotic nitrogen fixation has been estimated to amount to at least 70 million metric tons of nitrogen per year (Brockwell et al., 1995). Furthermore, in many cases nitrogen fertilizers are not efficiently used by crops and the environmental costs are high due to nitrogen losses from fertilizers (Peoples et al., 1994). The contribution of BNF has been suggested to be more open to management than fertilizer nitrogen (Peoples et al., 1995). Moreover, legumes stimulate the soil microflora and may favour the proliferation of plant pathogen antagonists while rhizobia may promote plant growth (Chabot et al., 1996; Schloter et al., 1997). Natural plant communities, legume crops, pastures, tree plantations and various integrated cropping systems such as alley cropping, intercropping and crop rotations can gain from nitrogen inputs by BNF (Wani et al., 1995; Thomas, 1995; Sanginga et al., 1995; Ikerra et al., 1999; Lehmann et al., 1999).

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences