jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P4‐022: Swimming training‐to‐criterion and pre‐exposure to MWM are required for complete restoration of learning in APP transgenic mice carrying a mutation in Asp664

In addition to the cleavages that generate Aß, APP is processed at Asp664 in its intracellular domain, releasing a second toxic peptide, APP-C31 [Nat Med 6:397;Cell 97:395]. Transgenic mice otherwise identical to a well-characterized model of AD, PDAPP mice, but carrying a mutation that obliterates Asp664, do not display AD-like cognitive deficits, nor alterations in non-cognitive components of behavior, in spite of accumulating very high levels of Aß [PNAS 103:7130;JNeurosci 26:13428;Behav Brain Res 191:246]. These results suggest that cleavage of APP at Asp664 plays a role in the generation of AD-like deficits, and that a major pathway of Aß-induced toxicity in vivo, or a pathway that crucially impinges on it, may depend on the cleavage of APP at Asp664. Young PDAPP(D664A) mice, however, show a pronounced kinetic phenotype akin to the tonic phase of a seizure (immobility in stereotyped limb positions) when first exposed to swimming. To rule out confounding effects (e.g., mistaken scoring as floating and increased latencies) in MWM studies, a cohort was trained-to-criterion (normal swimming) (3 months) and pre-exposed to the Morris water maze (MWM) environment (5 months), then compared to a cohort without prior experience. Objective: Determine whether swimming training-to-criterion and preexposure to MWM (“practice”) affects cognitive and non-cognitive components of performance in PDAPP and PDAPP(D664A) mice. Learning impairments were found in PDAPP mice irrespective of prior experience. In contrast, while no learning impairments were present in practiced PDAPP(D664A) mice, non-practiced PDAPP(D664A) mice showed an intermediate phenotype, with performance indistinguishable from non-Tg littermates' but also indistinguishable from that of PDAPP mice. Floating (helplessness) decreased across trials for all practiced but increased for all non-practiced groups, and only practiced PDAPP mice showed increased floating. No differences in thigmotactic swim (anxiety) were observed among non-practiced groups. Practiced PDAPP mice, however, showed increased thigmotaxis, while practiced PDAPP(D664A) mice were indistinguishable from non-Tg littermates. Our results indicate that swimming training-to-criterion and preexposure to MWW do not affect learning impairments in PDAPP mice, but may contribute to improved performance of PDAPP(D664A) animals, suggesting that these early experiences may be required for the complete amelioration of learning deficits in PDAPP(D664A) mice.

Topic: Biotin and Related Studies
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phonotactics, prophylaxis, acquisitionism and change: *Rime-xxŋ and ash-tensing in the history of English

This article revisits, extends and interrogates the position advocated in Honeybone (2019) — that phonotactic constraints are psychologically real phonological entities (namely: constraints on output-like forms), which have a diachrony of their own, and which can also interfere with diachronic segmental change by inhibiting otherwise regular innovations. I focus in the latter part of the article on the role of one phonotactic constraint in the history of English: *Rime-xxŋ. I argue that we need to investigate the emergence of such constraints in the history of languages and I show how this particular constraint, once innovated (which occurs through constraint scattering), can be understood to have inhibited the patterning of ash-tensing in certain varieties of American English (and also that it may now have been lost in some varieties). To do this, I adopt a phonological model which combines aspects of Rule-Based Phonology and aspects of Constraint-Based Phonology, and which is firmly rooted in the variation that exists when changes are innovated. Finally, I evaluate the extent to which the type of phonotactically-driven process-inhibition that I propose here involves prophylaxis in phonological change (I show that it doesn't), and I consider the interaction of these ideas with the proposal that all change occurs in language acquisition (‘acquisitionism’).

Topic: Linguistic Variation and Morphology
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
No linkage or association between multiple sclerosis and the myelin basic protein gene in affected sibling pairs.

Myelin basic protein was examined as a candidate gene for susceptibility to multiple sclerosis using two adjacent amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AmpFLPs), containing seven and six highly informative alleles respectively. No allelic association was found with multiple sclerosis, comparing 77 cases and 88 controls, and there was no evidence for linkage in 73 affected sibling pairs, using the methods of identity by descent and identity by state.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Late Breaking Abstract - Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Co-infection: respiratory tuberculosis and COVID-19

<b>Objective:</b> to determine clinical and epidemiological features of the occurrence and course of a new coronavirus infection in patients with respiratory tuberculosis. <b>Materials and methods:</b> study included 84 patients, who were admitted to hospital from September 2020 to April 2021.&nbsp;The I group consisted of 44 patients with a combination of TB and COVID-19, the II group - 20 patients with TB without COVID-19, the III group - 20 patients with COVID-19 without TB. The groups are comparable in age and gender (p&gt;0.05). Men predominated (68-76%), average age was 39 [32; 50] years. TB and COVID diagnoses were verified in all patients. <b>Results:</b> HIV infection was more often diagnosed in group I (81% vs. 50% and 5%, p&lt;0.05), median 6.2 [5.1; 7.0] years. TB was diagnosed for the first time in 22% of patients of group I against the background of COVID-19. Half of patients of group I had chronic hepatitis B or C, every third - COPD (p&lt;0.05). The viral load (HIV RNA copies/ml) didn't have statistically significant differences in groups I and II. The frequency of opportunistic diseases was 2.7 [2.3; 3.1] in group I, which is statistically significantly higher compared to group II and III (1.7 [1.3–1.9] and 0.7 [0.2–1.0], p = 0.04). MDR patients predominated (66%) in group I, XDR patients (40%) (p&gt;0.05) - in group II. Drug dependence was in 63% of patients of group I. <b>Conclusions:</b> COVID-19 is most often diagnosed in patients with tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection and hepatitis, including on the background of drug addiction, does not have a distinctive clinical and radiological picture. Among patients with COVID-19 and TB, every fifth patient was diagnosed with TB for the first time.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A REVIEW FROM DIFFERENT VIRTUAL CARE STUDIES WITH THE ASPECTS ON THE CLINICAL BENEFIT AND HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS DURING THE COVID-19 PERIOD

The medical devices which include the virtual care technology are playing key role in this Covid-19 pandemic period. Due to the main issue of the access to healthcare professionals, the virtual healthcare platform facilitated by digital technologies that could support alleviate overstretched healthcare systems, minimize the spread of infection, and foster patient-clinician relationships. In our research, we have reviewed the latest articles, publications and related issues on the virtual care combining with the clinical benefits and health care management and making an analyze the latest outcome on the effectiveness. Although during the pandemic period the situation was impossible to manage for physician access, hospital side communication and health care side managing the issues, the outcomes by virtual activities &amp; technological solutions have shown significant benefits on the access of the requested therapies such as cognitive impairment, geriatric, pediatric care, diabetes, neurological disorders, orthopedic surgery, movement science and sport psychology, ENT surgery, rehabilitation, cardiology, pulmonary disease, cancer research, however some difficulties especially in urology area with antibiotic usage management, in ophthalmology area older patient communication barriers.

Topic: Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metabolism of Dextran Sulfate Sodium by Intestinal Bacteria in Rat Cecum Is Related to Induction of Colitis

Ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is one of the most widely used experimental animal models. However, the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of the colitis is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to clarify the events occurring after administration of DSS to rats focusing on the relationship between the intestinal bacterial metabolism of DSS and the intestinal mucosal lesions in the model. Within 2 d after DSS administration, severe injury of the cecal mucosa was evident, together with bloody feces and blood in the cecum. However, these lesions were repressed by administration of antibiotics. On the other hand, DSS was found to be metabolized under anaerobic conditions upon incubation with cecal content in vitro, first being desulfated and then undergoing carbohydrate moiety degradation. However, no such metabolic process occurred when cecal content from rats that had been administered antibiotics was employed. These results indicate that the initial step of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis is lesioning of the cecal mucosa, which is related to metabolism of DSS by intestinal bacteria.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Reversible Experimental Uremia

If the vena cava in ♀ albino rats is ligated and cut immediately above the entry of the renal veins there is a temporary cessation of renal function and the blood urea rises to very high levels. By the end of the second day a urine is voided which looks like water. It contains a high concentration of protein and many renal failure casts. Ninety day old rats were used. They were taken from the usual stock diet for the colony, operated upon and given only distilled water after the operation. Groups of 8 or 10 were sacrificed at intervals of from one to 6 days after the operation. The average concentration of blood urea, mgm. per 100 cc., on these various days was as follows: On the first day 268, on the second 413, on the third 278, on the fourth 63, on the fifth 55, and on the sixth 31. These rats excreted normally from 2 to 4 mgm. of protein in the urine in 24 hours but during the first and second days following the operation they excreted from 40 to 55 mgm. per 24 hours. Of the 57 rats used in this part of the work 2 died, giving a mortality of 3.5%. As controls similar animals had the same operative procedure carried out except that the vena cava was not ligated or cut, or it was ligated and cut immediately below the entry of the renal veins. The highest concentration of blood urea found in these animals was 34 mgm. per 100 cc., there was little or no increase in the amount of protein excreted, and none of them died. This form of experimental uremia on account of its reversibility and the relative simplicity of its causation, is particularly adapted for the quantitative analysis of certain aspects of the general problem of uremia.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Limits on voltage scaling for caches utilizing fault tolerant techniques

This paper proposes a new low power cache architecture that utilizes fault tolerance to allow aggressively reduced voltage levels. The fault tolerant overhead circuits consume little energy, but enable the system to operate correctly and boost the system performance to close to defect free operation. Overall, power savings of over 40% are reported on standard benchmarks.

Topic: Low-power high-performance VLSI design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract P023: Subclinical Inflammation and Weight Change in Middle-aged and Older Adults

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation that is associated with obesity; inflammation also plays a role in the onset of cachexia. CRP and its relationship with weight change (gain and loss) is less well understood, particularly in studies including both middle-aged and older adults. Hypothesis: Elevated CRP is associated with both subsequent body mass index (BMI) gain and even more strongly associated with subsequent BMI loss in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We analyzed BMI (kg/m2) changes in 11,136 ARIC participants followed since Visit 2 (1990 - 92) when CRP was measured (Table 1). BMI change between study visits was categorized as stable (&lt;+/-2 kg/m2, average of &lt;+/-13 lbs.), gain or loss (&gt;+/-2 kg/m2). High sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) was classified according to AHA/CDC guidelines for CVD risk. Multinomial logistic regression was used to characterize the association of BMI change with categories of hs-CRP. Results: Table 1 shows BMI change and its associations with categories of hs-CRP. Multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that individuals who had high CRP in midlife at visit 2 had increased odds of both subsequent BMI gain and loss both in the next 6 years (visit 2 to visit 4) and in the following 15 years (visit 4 to visit 5). Inflammation in late midlife (visit 4, median age: 62) was also predictive of subsequent BMI gain and loss (to visit 5, median age: 75). Similar associations were seen after further adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, physical activity and smoking (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Elevated CRP was associated with subsequent BMI gain, but was more strongly associated with subsequent BMI loss in both midlife and older age. These findings suggest that inflammation is a marker associated with weight change that may help distinguish between healthy and unhealthy weight loss in middle-aged and older adults.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Decision making technics for acquiring players who adapt to different systems of play

Over the last few year we have drawn up several models that have allowed us to optimize the selection of players for incorporation into a determined sport team. These options could complied with by assigning, when we already had at our disposal the necessary means (the complete team), to each of the positions of the tactical system, that is, those players that complied with, at any precise moment, all and each one of the characteristics that were necessary for each position. Nevertheless, the optimum result that is possible to obtain thanks to the use of the proposed algorithms, could be in vain if the maximum person responsible for the team were to opt, for whatever reason, to change the "philosophy of play". We propose a opti-mal way.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of a 5MW permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator with an IPMSG for wind application

This article presents a performance comparison of a 5MW interior permanent magnet synchronous generator (IPMSG) with a 5 MW permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMa-SynRG) with the same stator, to be used for a wind energy application. It is found that PMa-SynRG has lower rotor weight as well as 14 % lower magnet weight with the same maximum torque performance. For wind speeds lower than 8.5 m/s the PMa-SynRG has less loss. Moreover, the machine annual energy efficiency for the PMa-SynRG is higher for average wind speeds between 5–10 m/s.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors

Supplementary Figure 1 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vacuum ultraviolet excimer lasers

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. H. R. Hutchinson, "Vacuum ultraviolet excimer lasers," Appl. Opt. 19, 3883-3888 (1980) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Topic: Laser Design and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of enrofloxacin on antioxidant system, microsomal enzymatic activity, and proteomics in porcine liver

Enrofloxacin ( EF ) is a widely used fluoroquinolone, usually regarded as a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections. Adverse effects of EF have previously been demonstrated in some species, but so far there have been no studies looking specifically at the impact of EF on pigs. In this study, three different doses of EF (5, 25 and 125 mg kg bw −1 ) were administrated to Bama pigs. The results showed that lipid peroxidation of pig liver tissue occurred with all EF doses. The 125 mg kg dose of EF induced catalase ( CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH ‐px) and increased CYP 450 content in pig liver microsomes. The activity of microsomal NADPH ‐cytochrome C reductase ( NCCR ) was elevated at both the 25 and 125 mg kg doses of EF . Microsomal erythromycin N‐demethylase ( ERND ) and aminopyrin N‐demethylase ( AND ) were inhibited by high doses of EF , while aniline‐4‐hydroxylase ( AH ) was unaffected. None of the EF treatments affected superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) or cytochrome b5 content. Antioxidases and microsomal enzymes may work together to resist the adverse effects of EF . Proteomic analysis revealed increased protein expression of carboxylesterase ( CES ) and alpha‐enolase ( ENO 1) in microsomes as a stress response to EF . These results provide new information about the adverse effect of fluoroquinolones and help guide their usage more effectively in the clinic or animal breeding.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extracting Product Performance by Embedding Sensors in SFF Prototypes

SFF has been instrumental in improving the design process by providing designers with prototypes that assist them in the communication of design information and design visualization prior to creating fully functional prototypes. Embedding sensors at key locations within an SFF part to extract further data and monitor parameters at critical locations not accessible to ordinary sensors can help immensely in building functional SFF parts. However, this approach requires data acquisition of information such as temperature and strain values from interiors of products. In this work, the authors propose new techniques for embedding thermal sensors and strain gauges into fully dense DuraForm™ during Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process. The embedded sensors have been used to measure temperatures and strains. They provide higher sensitivity, good accuracy, and high temperature capacity.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Valorizzazione del Sangiovese attraverso lo studio dei rapporti tra ambiente e vitigno a scala aziendale: l'esempio della Fattoria Poggio Casciano

The zoning project has been applied wih the aim of valorising the interaction between Sangiovese and the environmental characteristics,. In particular different vineyards have been subjected to a detailed climatic and pedological study during a nine years period. Eco-pedological variables have been related with phenological and vegeto-productive responses of considered vineyards. Due to the interactions between soil and climate different productive results of Sangiovese have been obtained, mainly due to the capacity of soil store and give water to the plants. The results have emphasised the phenotypica variability of Sangiovese, in relation with the soil characteristics and the meteorological conditions examined. In short, several correlations between the phenological development and thermal pattern have been pointed out, considering the degree day accumulation of maximum and minimum temperature of the first half of year. In the following part of growing season, temperatures seem to satisfy the exigencies of Sangiovese and the water availability becomes the most important environmental variable. This is mainly due to the soil characteristics and it is able to regulate shoots growth and yield quality. On the other hand, the development of diseases is firstly determined by the microclimatic conditions at canopy level. this approach can be proposed as a model of an integrated study to valorise at farm level the characteristics of Sangiovese variety, to plan the new vineyards installation and to manage crop cultivation and protection. Obtained results can be the basis to optimise the agronomical decision ant the relationships environment-variety according to the characteristics of different vineyards.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bootstrap masker generation method for speech masking systems

Currently, speech masking systems make use of pre-recorded speech signals to generate maskers, which we call offline generated maskers. The offline masker includes no feedback from the speech environment, and only the overall averaged masking effect of the speech is gained, not the environment. In our prior study, a speaker-dependent masker that is generated by mixing pre-recorded speech of the speaker to be masked has been found to be the most effective, and can mask at low sound levels. Accordingly, the real time acquisition of the masked speaker speech signal is required to create the masker, which we shall call online generated maskers. In the online masker generation, there is a problem that sufficient amount of sound material may not be available from the cached memory in real time. Therefore, we have applied the bootstrap method used in machine learning techniques, and generated a masker as if many speech samples from a small amount of speech is available. We tested the proposed masker using two subjective indexes, i.e., annoyance and listening difficulty. We used sentence speech signals recorded with a dummy head. We compared the bootstrap type online masker (BS), the ring buffer addition type online masker (RA), and 3 types of offline maskers. These maskers were played at three signal noise ratio (5, 0, -5 dB). As a result, the annoyance scores of the online maskers were about the same as the offline maskers. However, the listening difficulty scores improved, and the BS type online masker was the most effective masker when the SNR is higher, at 5 and 0 dB. In addition, the masking effect of the speaker dependent condition (masker created from the target speaker speech) using the BS-Human Speech-Like Noise (HSLN) was found to be significantly higher than others, especially at the Target to Masker Ratio (TMR) of 5 dB.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences