jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microbiological profile of biliary tract infections

Background and objectives: Bacterial infection of biliary tract may cause severe inflammatory response or sepsis.An immediate bile culture and appropriate antibiotic administration are important to control the biliary tract infection.The objective of the study was to study the microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with biliary tract infection.Materials and methods: Fifty suspected cases of biliary tract infection admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology were enrolled.Bile samples from these patients were aseptically collected and sent to the Department of Microbiology.Samples were processed in automated BACTEC or BacT/ALERT system.Further identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by VITEK-2 system.Results: Of the 50 suspected cases of biliary tract infection, the majority were male patients and in the age group of 51-60 years.Growth was obtained in 22 (44%) bile samples.The organisms obtained were Escherichia coli (40%), Klebsiella spp.(20%), Pseudomonas spp.(16%), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8%).All Gram negative isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin.A high susceptibility was seen to amikacin and carbapenems while low susceptibility was seen to others.All the Gram positive organisms were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid with low sensitivity to penicillin.Interpretation and conclusion: E. coli is the most common organism isolated from bile.Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns require a revision of empiric antibiotic therapy policy in cholangitis.Early detection and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with bile fluid infections.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the effects of masks and instrument covers on air flow

In this desperate time of COVID, can we still do the things we love safely? Efforts to keep schools safe for music rehearsals during the past academic year included singing with masks and covering various parts of musical instruments with cloth barriers to limit the flow of exhaled droplets into the air. We assembled a Schlieren system to test the effects of these different adaptations to modify the flow of air for different instruments, including the voice. This paper presents the results of our measurements and an assessment of their effectiveness at reducing or redirecting the flow of air. With the arrival of the Delta variant, new questions are being raised about safety and exposure due to the possibility of breakthrough infections. Therefore, we are revisiting these remediation methods to evaluate their potential effectiveness in light of changing safety risks.

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regeneration of the retina in the adult newt, <i>Triturus cristatus</i>, following surgical division of the eye by a limbal incision

Abstract The regeneration of a retina in adult Triturus cristatus , following surgical division of the eye by a limbal incision, was studied. In agreement with recent reports, it was found that the regenerating retina is derived from two sources; the retinal pigment epithelium and the pars ciliaris retinae . However, following a limbal incision, most of the retina appears to be derived from the retinal pigment epithelium in the posterior part of the eye. An unexpected finding of this study was that large cyst‐like spaces form in the fundal region of the eye, between the regenerating retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. These spaces appear between five and eight days postoperative and persist long enough (until 25 to 30 days post‐operative) to disrupt the fundal portion of the regenerating retina and to cause it to lag behind the rest of the regenerate, in its development. The relationship of these observations to the genesis of positional markers in the regenerating retina is discussed.

Topic: Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes in health-related quality of life are associated with patient satisfaction following total hip replacement: an analysis of 69,083 patients in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register

Background and purpose — Total hip replacement (THR) aims mainly to improve quality of life via restoration of hip function and provision of pain relief. This study sought to assess whether improvements in quality of life between the preoperative and 1-year postoperative period were associated with patient satisfaction Patients and methods — Data were extracted for 69,083 THR operations with complete data reported to the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR) between 2008 and 2015. Health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction were captured using the Euro-Qol-5D (EQ-5D) and visual analogue scale (VAS), respectively. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess associations between the changes in pre- and postoperative EQ5D and patient satisfaction. Results — In patients reporting severe or moderate problems with mobility preoperatively, improvement to no problems was associated with numerically higher patient satisfaction (coefficient –18 [95% CI –22 to –14] and –18 [–18 to –17]). Improvement in the self-care dimension from severe or moderate problems to no problems was associated with numerically higher patient satisfaction (–15 [–16 to –14] and –13 [–15 to –11]). Improvement from severe problems with the ability to perform usual activities to no problems was associated with numerically higher patient satisfaction (–18 [–19 to –17]). This association was also found for improvement in pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression (–16 [–17 to –15] and –15 [–16 to –14]). Interpretation — Our results indicate that satisfaction with the operated hip is a valid patient-reported outcome reflecting the changes in different EQ-5D dimensions and should be included in the follow-up of patients after THR surgery.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences