jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Schistosomiasis can be prevented.

A project in Saint Lucia has shown that, as well as preventing gastroenteritis among infants, improved water supplies lead to a reduction in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Furthermore, after the widespread use of antischistosomal drugs, no increase in the prevalence of infection was observed over 4 years in villages with a standpipe water supply, laundries and showers. This project was designed to evaluate 3 methods of combating schistosomiasis--snail control, chemotherapy, and reducing risk of infection by providing safe water. Initially a comprehensive water delivery system, consisting of a water outlet to each house, communal laundries, shower facilities, and play pools for children, was used. Health education induced women to refrain from washing clothes in rivers, and, as a consequence, children accompanying their mothers were less exposed to infected river water; over a 4 year study period the incidence of new Schistosoma mansoni infections among children aged 2-5 years fell from 19.3% to 4.5%. Over the same period in villages served by a standpipe system the incidence fell only very slightly, from 16.5% to 14%.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A study of headache in post-dural puncture using various sizes of spinal needles

One of the most important and often practiced procedures is the post-dural anesthesia technique. Its very effective and has been extensively used in the Anesthesiology practice. Its use is mostly justified by the effectiveness and also the study of complications associated with it. So far the most common encountered complication is the headache and has been aptly named as the post-dural puncture headache. This is followed by the post-dural puncture which is a part of lumbar puncture procedure. This study was done for evaluating the incidence of PDPH following spinal anesthesia in the south West costal Indian population using various gauges of Quinckes spinal needle.

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Reactive Extraction Based Reclaiming Technique for Amines Used in Carbon Dioxide Capture Process from Industrial Flue Gases

A new reclaiming technique based on reactive extraction for removal of heat stable salts (HSS) from monoethanolamine (MEA) used in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process has been developed. The extraction process was based on the use of tri-n-octylamine (TOA), Aliquat 336, OH– modified Aliquat 336, a two-step extraction (modified Aliquat followed by TOA), and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) in 1-octanol diluent. The best parameters were 69% OH– modified Aliquat, two-step extraction, and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) and under optimum extraction conditions were able to improve the extraction efficiency of the original Aliquat and TOA to over 90%. The two-step extraction and mixed extractant were also capable of managing Cl– contamination in MEA solution. Extraction was found to be independent of temperature whereas efficiency reduced with increase of CO2 loading. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this extraction technique to the lean MEA stream after the rich/lean heat exchanger either with or without cooling. Regeneration of used extractant (OH Aliquat) was implemented and optimized with the use of 4 kmol/m3 NaOH. In addition to HSS removal, the new extraction technique was also able to remove major nonionic degradation products also by up to 90%.

Topic: Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Mystagogy of Sacred Space according to Orthodox Theology

A travers sa participation au sacrifice du Christ, l'humanite est le point ou se focalise l'action sanctificatrice de Dieu; par consequent, il est donne aux etres humains de pouvoir se sanctifier eux-memes. La participation au sacrifice du Christ est le partage de sa nature humaine defini a travers son union a Dieu. Ce partage est realise dans l'Eglise qui est le corps du Christ et le temple de l'Esprit-Saint. Le lieu du culte comme espace sacre est l'image de l'univers rassemble autour du Tres-Haut; les actes de la liturgie sont les images visibles du culte spirituel offert a Dieu par les anges et les saints au Paradis

Topic: Religious Tourism and Spaces
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis and Characterization of New Highly Organosoluble Poly(ether imide)s Bearing a Noncoplanar 2,2‘-Dimethyl-4,4‘-biphenyl Unit and Kink Diphenylmethylene Linkage

Two new bis(ether anhydride)s, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)]biphenyl dianhydride (4A) and bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxy phenoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane dianhydride (4B), were prepared in three steps starting from nitrodisplacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diol and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylmethane, respectively, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the intermediate bis(ether dinitrile)s and subsequent dehydration of the resulting bis(ether diacid)s. A series of new highly organosoluble poly(ether imide)s were prepared from the bis(ether anhydride)s and various diamines by conventional two-stage synthesis. The resulting poly(ether imide)s had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.55−0.81 dL·g-1. GPC measurement revealed that the polymers exhibited number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight up to 45 000 and 82 000, respectively. All the polymers showed typical amorphous diffraction patterns. Almost all the poly(ether imide)s showed excellent solubility and readily dissolved in various solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform. These polymers had glass transition temperatures in the range of 224−256 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that all polymers were stable, with 10% weight loss recorded above 489 °C in nitrogen. The isothermal gravimetric analysis results demonstrated that these poly(ether imide)s showed weight losses of 7.0−10.5% after isothermal aging at 350 °C in static air for 20 h. These tough and flexible polymer films could be easily obtained by solution cast from the DMAc solution. These polymer films had tensile strength of 84−116 MPa and tensile modulus of 1.9−2.7 GPa.

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
INTERSPEECH 2010 Decision Tree State Clustering with Word and Syllable Features

In large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, decision trees are widely used to cluster triphone states. In addition to commonly used phonetically based questions, others have proposed additional questions such as phone position within word or syllable. This paper examines using the word or syllable context itself as a feature in the decision tree, providing an elegant way of introducing word- or syllable-specific models into the system. Positive results are reported on two state-of-the-art systems: voicemail transcription and a search by voice tasks across avarietyofacousticmodelandtrainingsetsizes. Index Terms: decision tree state clustering, large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, tagged clustering. 1.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Endothelial-specific <i>Crif1</i> deletion induces BBB maturation and disruption via the alteration of actin dynamics by impaired mitochondrial respiration

Cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) require junctional proteins to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, restricting toxic substances and controlling peripheral immune cells with a higher concentration of mitochondria than ECs of peripheral capillaries. The mechanism underlying BBB disruption by defective mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is unclear in a mitochondria-related gene-targeted animal model. To assess the role of EC mitochondrial OxPhos function in the maintenance of the BBB, we developed an EC-specific CR6-interactin factor1 ( Crif1) deletion mouse. We clearly observed defects in motor behavior, uncompacted myelin and leukocyte infiltration caused by BBB maturation and disruption in this mice. Furthermore, we investigated the alteration in the actin cytoskeleton, which interacts with junctional proteins to support BBB integrity. Loss of Crif1 led to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and a decrease in tight junction-associated protein expression through an ATP production defect in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, we suggest that mitochondrial OxPhos is important for the maturation and maintenance of BBB integrity by supplying ATP to cerebral ECs.

Topic: Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of urea-nitrate supplement made with Maillard reaction for delaying ruminal ammonia formation

Ruminants have a stomach that can convert NPN compounds as amino acids. This ability has not been effectively utilised. The present study aimed to determine the influence of urea-nitrate supplementation on rumen fermentation profiles in vitro . The urea-nitrate was prepared by employing the Maillard reaction (MR) using two different sugar sources, i.e., molasses and liquid waste of palm juice. The present study's randomized complete block design consisted of five treatments and four replications. The treatments are T0 = control diet; T1 = T0 + urea; T2 = T0 + urea-nitrate; T3 = T0 + urea-nitrate MR with molasses; T4 = T0 + urea-nitrate MR with liquid waste of palm juice, where urea and urea-nitrate supplementation treatments were expected to enhance dietary crude protein by 2% of the control diet. Results revealed that T3 treatments enhanced ammonia concentration up to 11.4% compared to T0, T1, and T4 (P&lt;0.05). However, treatments were similar in terms of rumen pH, volatile fatty acids, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production, methane production, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. In conclusion, the slow release urea-nitrate supplementation in ruminant feed may inhibits ammonia formation in the rumen in vitro.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Anthony and Alistair: a smooth progression to talent?

This chapter focuses on two study participants who have both acquired high levels of expertise in traditional Western classical musicianship along unique syzygistic trajectories. The analyses are framed according to Gagné's model of musical talent and giftedness on the one hand, and by adapting Abbott and Collins' model of talent development in sports on the other. It shows how a wide range of promotive factors facilitated the development of expert musical talent.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Music teacher training institutions in Turkey and a research about today's general condition of these institutions

Music teacher training process in Turkey started in 1924 in Ankara with the foundation of Musiki Muallim Mektebi (Music Teacher Training School). In years, the number of these institutions increased in different regions and reached the number of 23. Today, more than 800 students are being educated as a music teacher at these music teacher training schools. At all these institutions, centralized music teacher training curriculum that was prepared by the specialists working at Y.Ö.K. (Higher Education Council) is currently used. Despite that the same curriculum is used in each institution, there are variations among institutions both academically and physically, and even in the instruments that are taught and in their applications. In the present study the academic staff dispersions, building features, equipment adequacy, the variation of instruments that are taught, and the association with music establishments abroad of the institutions were investigated in order to determine the general conditions and the differences among the departments that graduating music teachers in 23 provinces. It is assumed that the current research will help in providing the necessary conditions to serve quality education for music teacher trainees as a result of determining the general state of the institutions that educate music teacher trainees. For this specific reason the present study is considered significant.

Topic: Music Education and Analysis
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Intrathecal anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin in the treatment of neonatal tetanus.

Intrathecal anti-tetanus immunoglobulin in addition to the standard improved the outcome of neonatal tetanus in terms of mortality and hospital stay.

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cloning and Expression of <i>B. mellitensis bp26</i> Gene in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> as a Food Grade Vaccine.

In this study, for Future evaluation about ability of <i>L. lactis</i> as a live delivery vector, a food-grade recombinant <i>L. lactis</i> producing the <i>B. melitensis</i> BP26 protein was produced.

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
A voice through media for minorities : an analysis of Taiwan Indigenous TV

Taiwan Indigenous Television (TITV) was established on December 1, 2004. TITV is the first ‘indigenous television station’ in Asia and broadcasts programs 24 hours daily for indigenous audiences. Nevertheless, a newly established station has many operational and management difficulties especially for a minority culture media. In the face of numerous difficulties and challenges, I am interested in what perspective and ways the TV station will achieve its sustainable development to shoulder the mission of reviving the mother tongue and conveying the indigenous culture?\nThe purpose of this study is (1) to explore the social environment for indigenous cultural communication and the development of indigenous media in Taiwan; (2) to analyze the model of operation rights for TITV; (3) to analyze the government’s policies which influence TITV’s operation; (4) to analyze the TITV’s operation strategy as well as its organizational structure; and (5) to develop suggestions for TITV’s operation management and design of programs. Research methods include a literature review, analysis of TV programs, and an in-depth interview. In addition, the study will also examine the effectiveness of TITV in representing indigenous culture.

Topic: Asian Culture and Media Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DESTINATION BRANDING HUTAN BABAKAN SILIWANGI

Abstrak Saat ini, ruang terbuka di kota Bandung sangat kurang dengan kualitas udara yang semakin buruk. Maka diperlukan upaya membangun kesadaran masyarakat kota Bandung terhadap hal ini. Babakan Siliwangi merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) yang memiliki fungsi ekologis dan sosial yang tergolong cukup besar di kota Bandung. Perancangan destination branding Hutan Babakan Siliwangi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan rasa kepemilikan masyarakat kota Bandung terhadap Babakan Siliwangi sebagai hutan kota dengan segala potensi lingkungan alamnya. Dengan dibuatnya suatu rancangan sistem grafis Hutan Babakan Siliwangi yang menarik akan mempermudah masyarakat untuk mengenali dan mengakses hutan ini. Kata K unci : destination branding, babakan siliwangi, environmental graphic design Abstract Nowadays , open spaces in Bandung is decreasing, with air quality that getting worse. It would require an effort to build an awareness of Bandung peoples on this problem . Babakan Siliwangi is one of the green open space (RTH), which has a quite large ecological and social function s in Bandung. Des tination branding of Babakan Siliwangi f orest is expected to increase the public awareness and sense of ownership of Bandung peoples on Babakan Siliwangi as urban forest with all the potential of its natural environment. With the implementation of a spicy graphical system design at Babakan Siliwangi Forest will ease people to recognize and access to th i s fores t .

Topic: Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An investigation on the performance of different reliability criteria for design of water distribution networks

Due to the high construction costs of a water distribution network, the least cost design with the most reliability is of great importance. In this paper, a survey was conducted on the performance of different reliability metrics including nodal pressure (PIP), pipe velocity (PIV), pressure difference (ΔH), combined index of pipe velocity and nodal pressure (PI) as well as the network resilience index (NRI), minimum surplus head (MSH) and entropy reliability index (ERI) using NSGA-II optimization algorithm and EPANET hydraulic solver. Reliability metrics were tested on three benchmark water distribution networks: Hanoi, Pescara and Modena and the results were analyzed in three scenarios of 5%, 10%, and 20% pipe failure. Experimental results showed that NRI generally outperforms other metrics and the PIP index is in the second score. These metrics increase the average of network pressure and thus provide higher reliability in the situation of unexpected events like pipe breaks.

Topic: Water Systems and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nanomechanical Signatures in Glioma Cells Depend on CD44 Distribution in IDH1 Wild-Type but Not in IDH1R132H Mutant Early-Passage Cultures

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) recently burst into biomedicine, providing morphological and functional characteristics of cancer cells and their microenvironment responsible for tumor invasion and progression, although the novelty of this assay needs to coordinate the malignant profiles of patients’ specimens to diagnostically valuable criteria. Applying high-resolution semi-contact AFM mapping on an extended number of cells, we analyzed the nanomechanical properties of glioma early-passage cell cultures with a different IDH1 R132H mutation status. Each cell culture was additionally clustered on CD44+/− cells to find possible nanomechanical signatures that differentiate cell phenotypes varying in proliferative activity and the characteristic surface marker. IDH1 R132H mutant cells compared to IDH1 wild-type ones (IDH1wt) characterized by two-fold increased stiffness and 1.5-fold elasticity modulus. CD44+/IDH1wt cells were two-fold more rigid and much stiffer than CD44-/IDH1wt ones. In contrast to IDH1 wild-type cells, CD44+/IDH1 R132H and CD44-/IDH1 R132H did not exhibit nanomechanical signatures providing statistically valuable differentiation of these subpopulations. The median stiffness depends on glioma cell types and decreases according to the following manner: IDH1 R132H mt (4.7 mN/m), CD44+/IDH1wt (3.7 mN/m), CD44-/IDH1wt (2.5 mN/m). This indicates that the quantitative nanomechanical mapping would be a promising assay for the quick cell population analysis suitable for detailed diagnostics and personalized treatment of glioma forms.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Noise Generation by Turbulent Jets from Consideration of Their Near Acoustic Field

The paper studies the generation of acoustic waves near the boundaries of swirling and nonswirling turbulent jets outside a jet flow. Nonstationary motion of the medium is analyzed. In the case of swirling jets, the occurrence and propagation of perturbations were studied experimentally, while in the case of free turbulent jets, both experimentally and numerically on the basis of LES technology. The results of the study show that, near the jet boundaries, there is a region in which the phase difference between pressure and velocity pulsations at fixed frequencies is 90° or more; i.е., there are no perturbations propagating outward. The phases of velocity and pressure pulsations coincide starting from some significant distance from the jet boundaries. The region in which the phase difference varies from 90° to 0° lies outside the jet flow and is presumably the sound generation region. It is proposed that this region be identified with the near acoustic field of jets.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glutamatergic Mechanisms of Drug Relapse

Drug abuse is best viewed as a chronic relapsing disorder (1). Two factors are usually said to be important for controlling the recurrent patterns of drug seeking and taking—the somatic/behavioral distress associated with discontinued drug administration and exposure to the drug-associated environment. The relative contribution of these two factors is likely to be different for various classes of drugs of abuse, primarily because some classes (e.g., opiates and depressants) have a more intense and aversive withdrawal syndrome than others (e.g., stimulants and cannabinoids).

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
NADI 2020: The First Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task

We present the results and findings of the First Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task (NADI). This Shared Task includes two subtasks: country-level dialect identification (Subtask 1) and province-level sub-dialect identification (Subtask 2). The data for the shared task covers a total of 100 provinces from 21 Arab countries and are collected from the Twitter domain. As such, NADI is the first shared task to target naturally-occurring fine-grained dialectal text at the sub-country level. A total of 61 teams from 25 countries registered to participate in the tasks, thus reflecting the interest of the community in this area. We received 47 submissions for Subtask 1 from 18 teams and 9 submissions for Subtask 2 from 9 teams.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ Josephson diode operating as a high-efficiency ratchet

Using a focused He$^+$ beam for nanopatterning and writing of Josephson barriers we fabricated specially shaped Josephson junctions of in-line geometry in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ thin film microbridges with an asymmetry ratio of critical currents of opposite polarities (non-reciprocity ratio) $\approx 7$ at optimum magnetic field. Those Josephson diodes were subsequently used as ratchets to rectify an applied ac current into a dc voltage. We also demonstrate the operation of such a ratchet in the loaded regime, where it produces a nonzero dc output power and yields a thermodynamic efficiency of up to $75\,\mathrm{\%}$. The ratchet shows record figures of merit: an output dc voltage of up to $212\,\mathrm{μV}$ and an output power of up to $0.2\,\mathrm{nW}$. The device has an essential area $\approx 1\,\mathrm{μm^2}$. For rectification of quasistatic Gaussian noise, the figures of merit are more modest, however the efficiency can be as high as for the deterministic ac drives within some regimes. Since the device is based on YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$, it can operate at temperatures up to $\sim40\,\mathrm{K}$, where more noise is available for rectification.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences