jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Motion immune diffusion imaging using augmented <scp>MUSE</scp> for high‐resolution multi‐shot <scp>EPI</scp>

Purpose To develop new techniques for reducing the effects of microscopic and macroscopic patient motion in diffusion imaging acquired with high‐resolution multishot echo‐planar imaging. Theory The previously reported multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) algorithm is extended to account for macroscopic pixel misregistrations, as well as motion‐induced phase errors in a technique called augmented MUSE (AMUSE). Furthermore, to obtain more accurate quantitative diffusion‐tensor imaging measures in the presence of subject motion, we also account for the altered diffusion encoding among shots arising from macroscopic motion. Methods MUSE and AMUSE were evaluated on simulated and in vivo motion‐corrupted multishot diffusion data. Evaluations were made both on the resulting imaging quality and estimated diffusion tensor metrics. Results AMUSE was found to reduce image blurring resulting from macroscopic subject motion compared to MUSE but yielded inaccurate tensor estimations when neglecting the altered diffusion encoding. Including the altered diffusion encoding in AMUSE produced better estimations of diffusion tensors. Conclusion The use of AMUSE allows for improved image quality and diffusion tensor accuracy in the presence of macroscopic subject motion during multishot diffusion imaging. These techniques should facilitate future high‐resolution diffusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 75:639–652, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lego Sketch: A Scalable Memory-augmented Neural Network for Sketching Data Streams

Sketches, probabilistic structures for estimating item frequencies in infinite data streams with limited space, are widely used across various domains. Recent studies have shifted the focus from handcrafted sketches to neural sketches, leveraging memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) to enhance the streaming compression capabilities and achieve better space-accuracy trade-offs.However, existing neural sketches struggle to scale across different data domains and space budgets due to inflexible MANN configurations. In this paper, we introduce a scalable MANN architecture that brings to life the {\it Lego sketch}, a novel sketch with superior scalability and accuracy. Much like assembling creations with modular Lego bricks, the Lego sketch dynamically coordinates multiple memory bricks to adapt to various space budgets and diverse data domains. Our theoretical analysis guarantees its high scalability and provides the first error bound for neural sketch. Furthermore, extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that the Lego sketch exhibits superior space-accuracy trade-offs, outperforming existing handcrafted and neural sketches. Our code is available at https://github.com/FFY0/LegoSketch_ICML.

Topic: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Microdialysis for metabolic monitoring during septicemia].

Currently, metabolic changes in ICU patients in critical states are determined mainly by indirect laboratory parameters (e.g. blood lactate). Microdialysis is a new means of performing metabolic monitoring that permits organ-specific objectification on the basis of interstitial fluid samples. Continuous endotoxin infusion was administered to 10 female pigs and, in addition to hemodynamic monitoring, lactate and glycerol in the subcutaneous, intramuscular and hepatic tissue were measured by microdialysis. The interstitial concentrations of lactate and glycerol rose significantly under endotoxaemia and showed an earlier increase than blood lactate levels. Microdialysis is simple to apply, appears to be a suitable means of obtaining important information about cellular metabolic changes in different tissues of the critically ill patient, and can detect subtle changes that laboratory parameters can identify only later and incompletely.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A new record of <i>Dryadella mocoana</i> (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from southeastern Ecuador

Dryadella mocoana which was hitherto thought to be endemic to Mocoa, Putumayo department in Colombia has now been reported for the first time in the lower montane forests of Zamora-Chinchipe province, southern Ecuador. A Lankester composite digital plate (LCDP), photos, taxonomic comments, and an updated description of the species based on the examined material is provided.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Chronic Chagas' disease: effects of treatment nn the levels of antibodies to crude and partially purified Trypanosoma cruzi antigens].

The specific therapy in Chagas' disease is useful in acute and neonatal infection and in children under three years old. The results of antiparasitic treatment during chronic infection are still controversial. It will be interesting to analyze the serological behavior in patients treated during chronic infection, to advance in the search of evolutive markers and markers of therapeutic efficacy. In the present work we have measured the antibody response by conventional serology and the response to partially purified T. cruzi antigens in chagasic patients who received nifurtimox or benznidazol 2 to 20 years before. The results showed that, by indirect immunofluorescence in 29% of treated patients the antibody levels were below the established cut off (1:32). By indirect hemagglutination 55% of treated patients showed this serological behavior. In this group a high number of discordant results was observed. By immunoenzimatic assay it was possible to detect a significative decrease of serologic reactivity to a partially purified acidic antigen (F IV) and to exoantigen of T. cruzi. It will be interesting to perform longitudinal surveys employing these antigens, to go further in the knowledge of possible immunological evolutive markers in Chagas' disease.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integrating relations and criminal background to identifying key individuals in crime networks

One of the most common methods used in the social network analysis of criminal groups is node importance&#13;\nevaluation, which focuses on the links between network members to identify likely crime suspects. Because&#13;\nsuch traditional node evaluators do not take full advantage of group members' individual criminal propensities,&#13;\na new evaluator called the social network criminal suspect evaluator (SNCSE) is proposed. SNCSE&#13;\nincorporates members' individual criminal propensities into the node importance evaluation and employs a&#13;\nnovel perspective based on concepts of human and social capital, an ego network structure, and an analogy&#13;\nbetween social interaction and field theory. SNCSE is applied to solve two real-world problems. Its effectiveness&#13;\nis compared with that of traditional evaluators. The results show that integrating criminal propensity&#13;\ninto network analysis enables the more accurate identification of key suspects compared to alternative&#13;\nevaluators.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PAPERS PRESENTED AT ANP MATERIALS MEETING NOVEMBER 16-18, 1954, WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, DAYTON, OHIO

Screening tests were conducted on materials for pump bearings, valves, and seals for fluorides and sodium. The specimens were loaded into Inconel containers along with a scdium or fluoride bath. Ceramics and cermets were dynamically tested in fluorides and sodium. Stress-rupture data are presented for Inconel in fused fluoride salts. Joining methods and procedures are reported for the fabrication of compact and relatively complex radiators and heat exchangers for circulating fuel reactors. Typical radiator designs are shown. The fabrication of control rods and reactor shielding is described. The corrosion of stainless steel and Inconel by Li, Na, and Rb is reported The compatibility of Be, Na, and Inconel is discussed. Requirements of container materials for circulating-fuel reactors are presented. It is shown that Inconel is a successful container material for reactors of this type. The corrosion of various metals by molten fluorides is discussed. A study was made of the mass trsnsfer and corrosion characteristics of a number of metals and alloys in liquid lead. (W.L.H.)

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Cytotoxic effect of thermo-chemotherapy with cisplatin on osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line].

Hyperthermia with cisplatin enhance cytotoxicity on osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line and the induced cell apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of enhanced cytotoxicity by thermo-chemotherapy.

Topic: thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Properties of Critical Cores

Abstract A fraction of the dense cores within a turbulent molecular cloud will eventually collapse to form stars. Identifying the physical criteria for instability and analyzing critical core properties is therefore necessary to star formation theory. Here we quantify the characteristics of an ensemble of “critical cores” on the verge of collapse. This critical epoch was identified in a companion paper, which followed the dynamical evolution of prestellar cores in numerical simulations of turbulent, self-gravitating clouds. We find that radial profiles of density and turbulent velocity dispersion in individual critical cores are consistent with our new model for turbulent equilibrium spheres. While a global linewidth–size relation exists for a cloud with given size and Mach number, the turbulent scaling relations around each core exhibit significant variations. As a result, there is no single density threshold for collapse; instead, cores collapse at a range of densities determined by the local sonic scale and gravitational potential environment. The critical cores in our simulations are mostly transonic; we do not find either purely thermal or highly turbulent cores. In our low Mach number model, which better resolves the characteristic mass and sonic scales, we find marginal evidence that the core mass function (CMF) of critical cores peaks around a characteristic mass scale associated with the large-scale cloud properties. We highlight the importance of constructing the CMF at the critical time for the purpose of testing gravoturbulent fragmentation theories, and derive the resolution requirements to unambiguously identify the peak of the CMF.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypovirulence in chestnut blight fungus,<i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i>, in Slovakia

The recovery of the European chestnut from chestnut blight in Europe is attributed to hypovirulence, a viral disease that reduces the virulence of its host – Cryphonectria parasitica. Hypovirulence has been used in biocontrol programmes throughout Europe with the aim of not only treating individual chestnut blight cankers but causing the natural spread and establishment of viruses in C. parasitica populations. Almost 40 years after the first appearance of chestnut blight and more than 20 years after the first biocontrol treatment implementation in Slovakia the establishment and natural spread of hypovirulence were studied. The morphological characteristics of 179 chestnut blight cankers and 161 C. parasitica strains were evaluated for the presence of hypovirus from three chestnut cultivation sites in Slovakia. Nineteen cankers and isolates were considered hypovirulent based on visual assessment of their morphological characteristics. The hypovirus presence by RNA extraction was confirmed in 6 cankers/strains.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Traditional Medicinal Ranunculaceae Species from Romania and Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Antiparasitic Potential

Several Ranunculaceae species are used in folk medicine to eliminate pathologies associated with oxidative stress as well as parasitic infections; however, a number of studies confirming their pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, 19 ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 Ranunculaceae species were assayed for in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic potential. The maximum antioxidant potential in both oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays was observed for Aconitum toxicum extract [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 18.7 and 92.6 μg/mL]. Likewise, Anemone transsilvanica extract exerted the most promising antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 (IC50 46.9 μg/mL) and HT29 (IC50 70.2 μg/mL) cell lines in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, a dual antioxidant and cytotoxicity effect was demonstrated for Aconitum moldavicum and Caltha palustris extracts. Whilst the efficacy of extracts was modest against Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 ranging from 88.8 to 269.3 µg/mL), several extracts exhibited high potency against Leishmania infantum promastigotes (Aconitum vulparia IC50 18.8 µg/mL). We also tested them against the clinically relevant intracellular stage and found extract of A. vulparia to be the most effective (IC50 29.0 ± 1.1 µg/mL). All tested extracts showed no or low toxicity against FHs 74Int normal cell line (IC50 ranging from 152.9 to &gt;512 µg/mL). In conclusion, we suggest the above-mentioned plant extracts as potential candidates for development of novel plant-based antioxidant and/or antiproliferative and/or antileishmanial compounds.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract P-277: MECHANICAL VENTILATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL STABILITY AND OUTCOME IN MALNOURISHED PATIENTS ADMITTED TO PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN GUATEMALA

Aims & Objectives: Determine the quality of care perfomance related in mechanical ventilation and outcome in malnourished pediatrics patients Methods 286 patients Physiological stabillity evaluation based in PRISM socre are performed since admission, 12 hours and 24 hours. Clincal, laboratory and anthropometric consdirations are used to nutritional assesment. Follow up of physiological variables are recorded and compered with the outcome of the patient admitted of PICU in Hospital General San Juan de DIos in GUatemala City. The approach of the chief complait is based to standard approach, guidelines and protocols accepted in the field. 7/ 2015 – 7/2016 Results PRISM socre above 23 pointsis realted with more mortality and the relation of observed and predicted mortality is > 1. Mechanical Ventilation and lack of endorsement of quality standards are related with increase risk in 40 %, realted complications as Ventilator Adquired Pneumonia, Pneumotorax, evidence of higher values of FiO2, higher Tidal Volume, Oxygenation Index, Alveolar-Arterial gradient and lower pH and pO2 since admission and mantain in 72 hours are related with mortality. No difference if related with nutritional status Conclusions The adherence to quality standard in mechanical ventilation, strategies and goals is neceesarry to adjust the mortality realted physiological stability. Nutritional status is no realted with outcome and stabilty approach but for all the performance the evaluation os adherence is strong recommended.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Global optimization of deficit irrigation systems using evolutionary algorithms

Water is a limited resource and the dramatically increasing world population requires a significant increase in food production. For improving both crop yield and water use efficiency, the usual optimization strategy in furrow irrigation at the field level considers scheduling parameters, i.e. when and how much to irrigate, as well as control parameters, i.e. the intensity and the irrigation time, for each water application. Optimizing control and schedule parameters in irrigation is considered as a nested problem. The objective of the global optimization is to achieve maximum crop yield with a given, but limited water volume, which can be arbitrary distributed over the number of irrigations. It is difficult to solve the global optimization problem, because the target function has many locally optimal solutions and the number of optimization variables, i.e. the number of irrigations is unknown a-priori. For this reason, a made to measure evolutionary optimisation technique (EA) is employed to find a near-optimal solution of the global optimization problem within acceptable computational time. The results provided by the new optimization strategy are compared with the popular SCE-UA optimization algorithm and Mesh-Adaptive Direct Search (MADS). The comparison demonstrated a striking superiority of the new tool with respect to both the achieved irrigation efficiency and the required computational time.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Selection of the Logistics Center Location Based on MCDM/A Methodology

The paper presents the first stage of the MCDM/A-based two-stage procedure resulting in the selection of the most desirable location of the logistics centre. In the first stage, the macro-analysis of the regions is carried out and multiple criteria evaluation of their technological, infrastructural, economic, social and environmental potential is performed. The decision problem is formulated as a multiple criteria ranking problem. The considered variants – regions are ranked from the best to the worst – in terms of their suitability for locating the logistics centre within their boundaries – with the application of the MCDM/A method, called Electre III/IV. The variants and a consistent family of criteria are defined, the decision maker's preferences are modelled and the results of computational experiments are demonstrated.

Topic: Facility Location and Emergency Management
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Bufalin and Related Cardiotonic Steroids in the Neuromuscular Junction

Bufosteroids, bufalin (4−5 × 10−5 g/ml), cinobufagin (7 × 10−5) and resibufogenin (1 × 10−4) showed a neuromuscular block in rat isolated diaphragm preparations, while digitoxigenin and ouabain showed no such block. A block of the twitch induced by direct stimulation was observed in the denervated preparations only. Presumably, bufalin can be classified as a depolarizing blocking agent such as succinyl-choline, however, differed in the following: blocking effect was potentiated in a bath deficient in sodium ions; it was sensitive to stimulus frequency change; lower doses of bufalin increased the post-tetanic potentiation and antagonized the blocking effect induced by magnesium. These findings suggest that bufalin has a pre-synaptic effect presumably concerned with the bufalin-induced block.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
“Spontaneously” hypertensive mice: A potential genetic model for the study of the relationship between heart size and blood pressure

Mice selected genetically for high and low blood pressure (BP) were compared with regard to heart weight and heart/body ratios. Two experiments were performed with mice ranging in age from 1.3 to 9 months and 11 to 23 months respectively. In a third experiment C57BL/6J mice were compared to the high and low BP mice. Heart/body ratios and heart weights, adjusted fo body weight via covariance analysis, were significantly greater for the high BP mice, but no Age x BP Genotype interaction was observed. Results were discussed in terms of a possible relationship between heart weight and BP via genetic linkage or pleiotropy. The possibility was also raised that compensatory mechanisms for high blood pressure, e.g., cardiac hypertrophy, may operate very early in development for animals who are hypertensive by virtue of selective breeding for blood pressure extremes.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Negotiating the Marcellus: The Role of Information in Building Trust in Extractive Deals

Abstract New technology has expanded the opportunities for energy companies within the United States, often bringing them into populated communities and requiring them to negotiate deals with landowners. This case study focuses on how one group of landowners in northeastern Pennsylvania creatively reimagined the process of negotiating in a natural gas deal. They used collective bargaining for leverage, and the Internet and social media to level the informational playing field. These techniques allowed them to develop trust within the group and ultimately with one company, as they sought to protect their environment and enhance their financial gain.

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chlamydia trachomatis induces expression of IFN-g-inducible protein 10 and IFN-b independent of TLR2 and TLR4, but largely dependent on MyD88

IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine important in the attraction of T cells, which are essential for resolution of chlamydial genital tract infection. During infections with Gram-negative bacteria, the IP-10 response mediated through type I IFNs usually occurs as a result of TLR4 stimulation by bacterial LPS. However, we found that levels of IP-10 in genital tract secretions of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected female wild-type mice were similar to those of infected TLR2- and TLR4-deficient mice but significantly greater than those of infected MyD88-deficient mice. We investigated the mechanism of IP-10 and IFN-β induction during chlamydial infection using mouse macrophages and fibroblasts infected ex vivo. The induction of IP-10 and IFN-β was unchanged in Chlamydia-infected TLR2- and TLR4-deficient cells compared with wild-type cells. However, infection of MyD88-deficient cells resulted in significantly decreased responses. These results suggest a role for MyD88-dependent pathways in induction of IP-10 and IFN-β during chlamydial infection. Furthermore, treatment of infected macrophages with an endosomal maturation inhibitor significantly reduced chlamydial-induced IFN-β. Because endosomal maturation is required for MyD88-dependent intracellular pathogen recognition receptors to function, our data suggest a role for the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor(s) in induction of IFN-β and IP-10 during chlamydial infection. Furthermore, the intracellular pathways that lead to chlamydial-induced IFN-β function through TANK-binding kinase mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor-3.

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences