jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Annealing of Proton-Induced Random Telegraph Signal in CCDs

A silicon CCD imager has been irradiated with 10 MeV protons and measurements focused on random telegraph signal (RTS). A variance detection method is applied for quantifying the number of RTS after irradiation and through isochronal annealing. The observed behavior is analyzed and corresponds to the annealing of phosphorus-vacancies.

Topic: CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New method for detection and parameter estimation of STLFM signal

In order to reduce the computation complexity of parameter estimation for STLFM signals, a new algorithm based on Ambiguity Function slice and Fractional Fourier Transform is presented. Firstly, the frequency rate is estimated through one AF slice at fixed time-delay of observation signals, and then getting the best order of FrFT. Finally, the other parameters, including frequency modulation bandwidth, frequency modulation cycle and center frequency, is estimated by twice FrFT. The whole processing just need three times FFT computation complexity and can estimate all the STLFM signal parameters. Simulation results show that the algorithm can estimate the parameters of chirp signal quickly and effectively. (7 pages)

Topic: Advanced Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Taxus Wallichiana Zucc. (Himalayan Yew): insights on its antimicrobial and pharmacological activities

Introduction Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Himalayan Yew) has a remarkable history of medicinal uses in contrast to the other yews. In this critical review, we focused our discussion on the anal- gesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsant, anti- pyretic and anti-cancer activity of T. wallichiana. Conclusion The isolated lignans from T. walli - chiana display many biological activi- ties that include high activity as anal- gesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsant, anti- pyretic and anti-cancer agents. Further studies are recommended to identify the mode of action of these lignans, allowing us to understand its possible role in human physiology. layas to Philippines. It is found growing in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philip- pines and Vietnam. This plant is used traditionally for the treatment of high fever and painful inflammatory conditions. The leaves of this plant are used to make herbal tea for indigestion and epilepsy. Previously published litera- tures on T. wallichiana have reported immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-convulsant activities 2,3 . In India, extracts from its bark and leaves are used in Unani medicine as a source of the drug Zarnab, prescribed as a sedative, aphrodisiac and as a treatment for bronchitis, asthma, epilepsy, snake bites and scorpion stings 4 . In Ayurvedic medicine, young shoots are used to prepare a medicinal tincture for the treatment of headache, diarrhoea and bilious- ness. The leaves are also used for the treatment of hysteria, epilepsy and nervousness. Its bark and leaves are considered to possess anti-fertility properties. It has also been used in steam baths to treat rheumatism 5 . A paste made from the bark is used to treat fractures and headaches. The inhabitants of the buffer zone villages of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in India collect the Taxus bark and leaves, mainly for traditional teas and for curing colds and coughs, a practice also commonly seen in other rural areas 6 . Extracts from this tree are also used in medicinal hair oils. In Pakistan, a decoction of the stem is used as a treatment against tuberculosis 7 . In this present critical review, we have discussed some important medicinal properties of T. wallichiana. Discussion Analgesic and anti-infl ammatory activities

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Behavioral models of frequency pulling in oscillators

Based on the state equations of an RLC circuit and hard-limiting characteristics of a transconductor a method is introduced to study and simulate the pulling effect in differential LC oscillators. This method includes phase and amplitude disturbances all at once. The model is validated by measurement results and an example is given to illustrate the application of this method in verifying the real circuits.

Topic: Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Usefulness of scoring risk for adverse outcomes in older patients with the Identification of Seniors at Risk scale and the Triage Risk Screening Tool: a meta-analysis].

A considerable proportion of the geriatric population experiences unfavorable outcomes of hospital emergency department care. An assessment of risk for adverse outcomes would facilitate making changes in clinical management by adjusting available resources to needs according to an individual patient's risk. Risk assessment tools are available, but their prognostic precision varies. This systematic review sought to quantify the prognostic precision of 2 geriatric screening and risk assessment tools commonly used in emergency settings for patients at high risk of adverse outcomes (revisits, functional deterioration, readmissions, or death): the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scale and the Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SCOPUS, with no date limits, to find relevant studies. Quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 checklist (for quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies). We pooled data for prognostic yield reported for the ISAR and TRST scores for each short- and medium-term outcome using bivariate random-effects modeling. The sensitivity of the ISAR scoring system as a whole ranged between 67% and 99%; specificity fell between 21% and 41%. TRST sensitivity ranged between 52% and 75% and specificity between 39% and 51%.We conclude that the tools currently used to assess risk of adverse outcomes in patients of advanced age attended in hospital emergency departments do not have adequate prognostic precision to be clinically useful.

Topic: Frailty in Older Adults
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Isolation and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants resistant to Calcofluor white

Calcofluor is a fluorochrome that exhibits antifungal activity and a high affinity for yeast cell wall chitin. We isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants resistant to Calcofluor. The resistance segregated in a Mendelian fashion and behaved as a recessive character in all the mutants analyzed. Five loci were defined by complementation analysis. The abnormally thick septa between mother and daughter cells caused by Calcofluor in wild-type cells were absent in the mutants. The Calcofluor-binding capacity, observed by fluorescence microscopy, in a S. cerevisiae wild-type cells during alpha-factor treatment was also absent in some mutants and reduced in others. Staining of cell walls with wheat germ agglutinin-fluorescein complex indicated that the chitin uniformly distributed over the whole cell wall in vegetative or in alpha-factor-treated cells was almost absent in three of the mutants and reduced in the two others. Cell wall analysis evidenced a five- to ninefold reduction in the amount of chitin in mutants compared with that in the wild-type strain. The total amounts of cell wall mannan and beta-glucan in wild-type and mutant strains were similar; however, the percentage of beta-glucan that remained insoluble after alkali extraction was considerably reduced in mutant cells. The susceptibilities of the mutants and the wild-type strains to a cell wall enzymic lytic complex were rather similar. The in vitro levels of chitin synthase 2 detected in all mutants were similar to that in the wild type. The significance of these results is discussed in connection with the mechanism of chitin synthesis and cell wall morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of LDH in Predicating the Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Comparison to Other Laboratory Markers at the Time of Admission

Objectives: To correlate Serum LDH levels with severity of COVID 19, and establish LDH as potential marker for COVID 19 prognosis and treatment. Materials and Method:The study is performed in 204 confirmed COVID 19 cases at a dedicated COVID care Hospital.Lab investigations including Serum LDH, Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer were estimated at the time of patient admission.The patients were divided into 2 groups namely severe and non-severe based on WHO guidelines.The values for these parameters were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of every parameter was analysed concerning COVID-19 severity and mortality.Statistical Analysis: Unpaired t-test was used for statistics between the severe and non-severe groups followed by ROC analysis for LDH, CRP, Ferritin, and D-dimer. Results:The levels of LDH, CRP, and D-dimer were raised in the patients in the severe group as compared to the non-severe group with a significant p-value of < 0.05.Also in ROC analysis the sensitivity and specificity of LDH were found to be good for CRP, Ferritin, and D-dimer.Also, it was observed that among 204 patients, 29 patients died due to COVID, and their serum LDH values were found to be increased which was not the case in the other 3 parameters.Conclusions: LDH was a better marker in predicting the Severity of COVID-19 disease, also its value is highly significant in predicting the mortality of patients at the time of admission which can help in early prognosis and help in the clinical management of the patient.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Distribution and Ecology of Small Mammals in Three Rain Forest Localities of Peninsula Malaysia With Particular References to Kedah Peak

The small terrestrial mammals of an isolated Malaysian mountain were studied by live trapping and removal techniques. Population densities were estimated by removal trapping and compared with other estimates. The altitudinal distribution was examined using four line transects and a grid from 150-1000 m. The common tree shrew, Tupaia glis, occurred at all elevations, but the rats Leopoldamys sabanus, Maxomys suriferlrajab and M. whiteheadi were replaced by Niviventer bukit and Berylmys bowersii at 1000 m. Biomass estimates appeared to be greater than those given for small ground mammals in other Malayan rainforests, but less than those in Neotropical forests. Tupaia glis showed a definite breeding season. Survival rate for Maxomys surifer was 0.80/ month. All trapped animals ate insects, but these were major items only for Tupaia glis, Leopoldamys sabanus, and Maxomys

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Can Improving Postoperative Sleep Speed Up Surgical Recovery?

Abstract Sleep disturbance is common during recovery after surgical procedures and may have an important effect on mortality, and quality of life. Sleep restriction/deprivation, including decreased quantity and continuity, is common in patients who are patients and persons with acute and chronic illnesses. Age, gender, illness, primary sleep disorders, environment, and medical treatment factors are thought to influence sleep throughout the preoperative period, hospitalization, and recovery. Resulting sleep pattern disturbances include decreases in circadian patterning, continuity, duration, and perceived (subjective) sleep quality. This article synthesizes sleep disturbance in patients who have undergone surgery and highlights sleep strategies to improve faster surgical recovery.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Underage Drinking Diversion: Characterizing Severity With Latent Class Analysis

Substance misuse among young adults is associated with serious safety and risk factors that can lead to harmful consequences. Little is known about the heterogeneity among emerging adults (EAs) entering substance-abuse-focused diversion programs and the impact of characteristics on clinical decision making. In consideration of the developmental period of emerging adulthood, this study used latent class analysis and path modeling to determine participant characteristics underlying severity and relationships with recidivism. The more severe class of EAs was associated with poor treatment outcomes and recidivism. Higher education served as a protective factor. Ultimately, there is a need to tailor diversion programs for different groups of substance-using EAs.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Monetizing new music ventures through blockchain: Four possible futures?

The article examines the rapidly developing area of blockchain finance as a potential opportunity for new creative ventures to obtain external investment funding and generate revenues. We focus on the music industry, as an example of how alternative Internet-based finance utilizing blockchain could provide opportunities for start-up funding and ongoing revenue streams. Our pioneering pilot research findings are drawn from literature review and emerging case studies, and are grounded in the academic literature of start-up funding gaps. Although some expect blockchain technology to remove intermediaries, facilitating a direct relationship between artist and fan, initial findings are that intermediation in some form will remain. The article’s central focus is the crucial emerging role of these facilitator organizations – the new breed of financial intermediaries or ‘infomediaries’. We examine this evolving process through adoption and development of financial intermediation theory, exploring the wider financial intermediary concept of incubators and accelerators as expert investors and promoters of new and very early-stage ventures – including artists. The article poses the question of whether blockchain technology offers a new, more cooperative approach for creative ventures, or merely the reinvention of existing corporate structures, for instance, the three major record labels that currently dominate recorded music. The article identifies four possible paths for the adoption of blockchain technology within the music industry, ranging from the anarcho-libertarian to the corporate and from the ‘utopian’ to the ‘dystopian’.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Rhetorical Spillover? Exploring the Link between the European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and the External Dimension in EU Counterterrorism

The European Union (EU) counterterrorism policies have often been viewed through the prism of the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). Yet although macro-strategic decision-making is mainly located within the Council's Secretariat and Council of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Ministers, its external dimension reserves a role for the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).This rhetorical 'spill-over' of an internal security concern onto the CSDP is an interesting yet under-researched development. This is partially due to the fact that CSDP is far from being one of the most developed aspects of the European counterterror response.Yet this occurs in a context where the need for an active use of CSDP as a counterterrorist tool is emphasized in high-level political proclamations. This article will, therefore, aim to explain this disparity between EU discourse and reality. In addition, and building on recent debates in the field of terrorism studies, it provides a critical assessment of the conceptual foundations that link CSDP and Counter-terrorism (C-T) in the EU's discourse while evaluating the short- and medium-term potential for a more vigorous evolution of these policies.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data_Sheet_1_Machine learning models for predicting in-hospital mortality in patient with sepsis: Analysis of vital sign dynamics.pdf

Purpose&lt;p&gt;To build machine learning models for predicting the risk of in-hospital death in patients with sepsis within 48 h, using only dynamic changes in the patient's vital signs.&lt;/p&gt;Methods&lt;p&gt;This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled septic patients from five emergency departments (ED) in Taiwan. We adopted seven variables, i.e., age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature.&lt;/p&gt;Results&lt;p&gt;Among all 353,253 visits, after excluding 159,607 visits (45%), the study group consisted of 193,646 ED visits. With a leading time of 6 h, the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), and random forest (RF) had accuracy rates of 0.905, 0.817, and 0.835, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.840, 0.761, and 0.770, respectively. With a leading time of 48 h, the CNN, LSTM, and RF achieved accuracy rates of 0.828, 0759, and 0.805, respectively, and an AUC of 0.811, 0.734, and 0.776, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusion&lt;p&gt;By analyzing dynamic vital sign data, machine learning models can predict mortality in septic patients within 6 to 48 h of admission. The performance of the testing models is more accurate if the lead time is closer to the event.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Debate on Scottish Parliamentary Reform, 1830-1832

The voluminous historiography of the 'Great Reform Act' of 1832 and the more modest historiography of the Reform Act (Scotland) have tended to focus on how far the legislation effected a break with an aristocratic constitution. What this approach does little to illuminate, however, is the extent to which the reform legislation was framed and debated as a renegotiation of the relationship between England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Empire. In Scotland, this meant that the extensive debate on reform tended to revolve around different interpretations of the Union of 1707 and Scotland's subsequent history and development. This article explores the reform debate among Scotland's political elite and, in particular, how the issue was tackled in Parliament. It demonstrates that in the fluid context provided by the developing constitutional crisis after 1829 simple divisions of 'Whig' and 'Tory' and even 'Reformer' and 'Anti-reformer' do not adequately describe the range of positions taken on the question of reform. The need to respond to the arguments of parliamentary opponents and to fast-moving events outside of Parliament ensured that responses to reform tended to be idiosyncratic. This article argues that the combination of the nature of reform as a renegotiation of the Union and the need to appeal to those outside of Parliament saw the reform debate prosecuted as a contest over the language of patriotism. Both sponsors and opponents of reform claimed to represent the voice of 'the nation', but this contest was far more complex than a straightforward confrontation between Anglophile 'assimilationists' and defenders of Scottish 'semi-independence'

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Neonatal Clinical Outcomes: a Comparative Analysis

The most popular neonatal clinical outcomes, which are blood pH (PH), base excess (BE) and Apgar after 5 minutes from birth (AP5), may provide contrasting information. Thus, aim of the paper is to perform a critical evaluation and comparison of PH, BE and AP5. Reliability of neonatal clinical outcomes was evaluated in relation to perinatal features. Neonatal and fetal cardiotocographic data of 391 newborns (CTU-CHB Intrapartum Cardiotocography Database) were analyzed. Newborns were classified as positive (i.e., as showing critical conditions) if PH&lt;7.10 or BE&lt;-10mmol/l or AP5&lt;7, as negative (i.e., as showing healthy conditions) otherwise. Agreement between pairs of neonatal clinical outcomes was evaluated by computing the correlation coefficient. Fetal decelerations were characterized in terms of rate of occurrence, depth, mean, duration, and area. Correlation between PH and BE, PH and AP5 and BE and AP5 was 0.83, 0.45 and 0.38 (P&lt;0.01), respectively; 329 newborns (84%) were equally classified by all neonatal clinical outcomes, 5 as positive and 324 as negative. Deceleration depth and rate of occurrence were comparable among positive/negative classes, while deceleration mean, duration and area were systematically higher in the positive than in the negative classes, also statistically only for PH classification. Positive class by PH counted the highest number of small newborns; large newborns were similarly distributed over all positive classes. Objective neonatal clinical outcomes, and in particular PH, seems to be more reliable than subjective clinical outcomes, and thus should be preferable for describing neonatal health status.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FAKTOR INTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBIAYAAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2014-SEPTEMBER 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of internal factors of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia on financing. Measured through Bank Size (Size), Liquidity Ratio, Capital Ratio, and Third Party Funds (DPK) of the four independent variables will be tested for the effect on one dependent variable. Sampling in this study uses a purposive sampling technique that includes all Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia and is taken in accordance with the criteria and research objectives into the observation data. The observation period of research data from 2014-September 2019 amounted to 8 banks. The analytical method used is panel data regression. The results of this study found that partially Bank Size, Liquidity Ratios, Capital Ratios and Third Party Funds had a positive and significant effect on Islamic commercial bank financing in Indonesia. However, the Capital Ratio has a negative and significant effect on Islamic commercial bank financing in Indonesia. Simultaneously, the four variables indicate that the independent variable influences the financing of Islamic commercial banks. The significance value of the F-statistic test shows the number 0.000000 with the value of the R-squared coefficient 0.990219 or 99% which means the four independent variables can explain financing well.Keywords: Financing, bank size, liquidity ratio, capital ratio, third party funds

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Divus Constantinus and Court Theology in the Eastern Empire

In this chapter the author discusses Christian theological narratives about the political sphere from the time of Constantine the Great to the fall of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. The author points to the continuity of certain religious-political ideas that would be incorporated into the “symphonic” political/theological narratives. The author also discusses the position, meaning, and role of the Roman Emperor vis-à-vis the Church, and the role of bishops as well as theologians vis-à-vis- the State.

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences