jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Yield Stability and GEI by AMMI Model in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica L.)

The present investigation was carried out with forty Niger genotypes at multi-environments for assessment of genotype x environment interaction and identification of high yielding and stable genotypes of Niger crop. Forty Niger genotypes were tested across five multi-environments in a randomized block design with replication thrice during Kharif, 2018 and Kharif, 2019. Combined analysis of variance and AMMI analysis of pooled data showed that genotype, environment and GEI effect were highly significant (p &lt; 0.01) for seed yield. As per AMMI GGE biplots, two different mega-environments (METs) were identified, the first MET consists E1, E3 and E4 which are potential and excellent sites for discrimination of superior genotypes and second MET includes E2 and E5 were stable places. The genotypes, G28, G33, G8, G17, and G3 (seed yield plant-1), and G6, G33, G8, G17 and G3 (seed yield plot-1) were suitable for favorable environments while G4 and G7 (seed yield plant-1), and G27, G20, G1, G37 and G25 (seed yield plot-1) were suitable for unfavorable environments. Considering all the stability parameters and AMMI GGE biplots, genotypes, G36, G32, G24 and G10 had high mean seed yield and stable across the environments. These superior genotypes about grain yield and GEI impact, and can be recommended for future investigations.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Physical Activities and Sedentary Pursuits in African American and Caucasian Girls

The purposes of this study were to describe and compare the specific physical activity choices and sedentary pursuits of African American and Caucasian American girls. Participants were 1,124 African American and 1,068 Caucasian American eighth-grade students from 31 middle schools. The 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) was used to measure participation in physical activities and sedentary pursuits. The most frequently reported physical activities were walking, basketball, jogging or running, bicycling, and social dancing. Differences between groups were found in 11 physical activities and 3 sedentary pursuits. Participation rates were higher in African American girls (p ≤ .001) for social dancing, basketball, watching television, and church attendance but lower in calisthenics, ballet and other dance, jogging or running, rollerblading, soccer, softball or baseball, using an exercise machine, swimming, and homework. Cultural differences of groups should be considered when planning interventions to promote physical activity. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 146: Adenosine Production by Biomaterial-supported Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduces the Innate Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Rationale: During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury there is excessive release of immunogenic metabolites that activate cells of the innate immune system. These metabolites include adenine nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) which up-regulate chemotaxis, migration, and effector function of early infiltrating inflammatory cells. These cells subsequently drive further tissue devitalization. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential treatment modality for MI/R due to their powerful anti-inflammatory capabilities; however, the manner in which they regulate the acute inflammatory milieu requires further elucidation. Surface membrane ecto-5’-nucleotidase CD73 may play a critical role in inflammatory regulation by converting pro-inflammatory AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine (ADO). We hypothesized that the MSC-mediated conversion of AMP into ADO reduces inflammation in early MI/R, favoring a micro-environment that attenuates excessive innate immune cell activation and facilitates earlier cardiac recovery. Objective: To determine the contribution of MSC-mediated production of ADO in regulating the innate inflammatory response following MI/R. Methods and Results: Adult rats were subjected to 30 minutes of MI/R injury. MSCs were encapsulated within a hydrogel vehicle and implanted onto the myocardium. A subset of MSCs were treated with the CD73 inhibitor, α,β-methylene adenosine diphosphate, prior to implantation. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we found MSCs increase myocardial ADO availability following injury via CD73 activity. We also demonstrated that MSCs reduce innate immune cell infiltration as measured by flow cytometry and hydrogen peroxide formation as measured by Amplex Red assay. These effects were also dependent on MSC-mediated CD73 activity. Furthermore, through echocardiography we found CD73 activity on MSCs was critical to optimal protection of cardiac function following MI/R injury. Conclusion: MSC-mediated conversion of AMP to ADO by CD73 ecto-5’-nucleotidase activity exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect following MI/R injury.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluating Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as an Early Marker of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients

Background: Detecting significant renal injury in an accurate and timely manner in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients who are critically ill remains controversial. Serum creatinine (Cr) is an important marker of kidney function in clinical practice, and its limitations are well known. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of the early development of AKI in critically ill AKI patients. Methods: This prospective study was carried out at JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India. The diagnosis and staging of AKI was done according to the RIFLE criteria. Results: A total of 53 critically ill patients were enrolled in this study. During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, 34 (64.2%) patients developed AKI according to RIFLE criteria. Serum NGAL levels assessed on admission were an appropriate predictor of AKI com-pared to serum Cr. Serum NGAL levels also showed a significant elevation among AKI patients than non-AKI cases. The mean levels for AKI patients at 0, 4, and 8 hours were 870.53, 1074.9, and 1090, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean levels for non-AKI patients at 0, 4, and 8 hours were 337, 307, and 292. Conclusions: Measuring serum NGAL on admission is useful in the early diagnosis of AKI com-pared to serum Cr.

Topic: Acute Kidney Injury Research
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comparative assessment of South Africa's proposed systems to protect traditional knowledge

The purpose of this study entitled, A Comparative Assessment of South Africa’s&#13;\nProposed Legislation to Protect Traditional Knowledge, is to examine how the&#13;\nprotection intended to be afforded to traditional knowledge, by the Intellectual&#13;\nProperty Laws Amendment Act 28 of 2013 (IPLAA) compares with the protection&#13;\nproposed by the Protection, Promotion, Development and Management of&#13;\nIndigenous Knowledge Systems Bill (IKS Bill). Furthermore, the dissertation aims&#13;\nto investigate how either of these proposed systems compare with established&#13;\ninternational and foreign initiatives. It is accepted for the purpose of this&#13;\ndissertation that the protection of traditional knowledge is advantageous, fair and&#13;\nreasonable in the context of South Africa today.&#13;\nThis dissertation seeks to analyse the most fair and appropriate way to protect&#13;\ntraditional knowledge within South Africa and to determine the suitability of the&#13;\nIPLAA and the IKS Bill, and whether both pieces of legislation are necessary.&#13;\nThere will also be an examination of international and foreign initiatives in order to&#13;\ngauge global standards and assess where South Africa lies in relation to such&#13;\ninitiatives. Upon the findings of its analysis, this study aims to make&#13;\nrecommendations and suggestions to improve the protection of traditional&#13;\nknowledge in South Africa.

Topic: Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
Subfield: Business and International Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Statistical feature representations for automatic wood defects recognition research and applications

In this paper, we introduce the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to decompose the wood images and structure the feature spaces. Local binary pattern (LBP) is used to extract the original spatial local structure features, such as curly edges, etc. and they have better luminance adaptability. Simultaneously, dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) is used to extract the energy based statistical features from different directions and frequencies and they can maintain better time-frequency localized characteristics and finite data redundancy. We integrate the features together to choose the proper features to describe the discrepancies between sound woods and defects and then propose an automatic detection system for wood defects recognition. After many cross experiments, we received a better identification rate of more than 90% with good research values and potential applications.

Topic: Wood and Agarwood Research
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disparity in Prevalence of Self-Reported Visual Impairment in Older Adults Among U.S. Race-Ethnic Subgroups

Prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the United States (US) has not been carefully examined by race-ethnic subgroups. This study examines self-reported VI prevalence in race-ethnic subgroups using data representative of the US population age ≥45 years.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mean Transit Time of in-111-DTPA Through the CSF-Space for the Detection of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

SummaryIn the last 2 years we investigated 26 patients by isotope cisternography for several reasons. The major part were patients with a suspected NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS (NPH), others had an unproven liquorrhoea or dementia. The mean transit time (MTT) of circulation and absorption of the cerebro-spinalfluid (CSF) was determined by consecutive scintigraphic studies after lumbar puncture and application of 37 MBQ In-111-DTPA. The group with NPH (N = 19) was statistically different from the others (N = 7) with p < 0,001 (MTT for NPH 119 ± 58 h and controls 30 ± 9 h).

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Biological characterization of angiopoietin‐3 and angiopoietin‐4

ABSTRACT The angiopoietin (Ang) family of growth factors includes Ang1, Ang2, Ang3, and Ang4, all of which bind to the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Ang3 (mouse) and Ang4 (human) are interspecies orthologs. In experiments with human endothelial cell lines, Ang3 was identified as an antagonist of Tie2 and Ang4 was identified as an agonist of Tie2. However, the biological roles of Ang3 and Ang4 are unknown. We examined the biological effect of recombinant Ang3 and Ang4 proteins in primary cultured endothelial cells and in vivo in mice. Recombinant Ang3 and Ang4 formed disulfide‐linked dimers. Ang4 (400 ng/mL) markedly increased Tie2 and Akt phosphorylation in primary cultured HUVECs whereas Ang3 (400 ng/mL) did not produce significant changes. Accordingly, Ang4, but not Ang3, induced survival and migration in primary cultured HUVECs. Unexpectedly, intravenously administered Ang3 (30 µg) was more potent than Ang4 (30 µg) in phosphorylating the Tie2 receptor in lung tissue from mice in vivo. Accordingly, Ang3 was more potent than Ang4 in phosphorylating Akt in primary cultured mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells. Ang3 and Ang4 both produced potent corneal angiogenesis extending from the limbus across the mouse cornea in vivo. Thus, Ang3 and Ang4 are agonists of Tie2, but mouse Ang3 has strong activity only on endothelial cells of its own species.—Lee, H. J., Cho, C.‐H., Hwang, S.‐J., Choi, H.‐H., Kim, K.‐T., Ahn, S. Y., Kim, J.‐H., Oh, J.‐L., Lee, G. M., Koh, G. Y. Biological characterization of angiopoietin‐3 and angiopoietin‐4. FASEB J . 18, 1200–1208 (2004)

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Temporal Dynamics of a Neotropical Plant‐Hummingbird Interaction Network

ABSTRACT Species interaction networks are expected to vary following temporal changes in the environment and the composition of the local community. However, there are still gaps in our knowledge about temporal variation in networks in tropical areas, where less variable climates are expected to produce more stable community structures over time. Here we describe a plant‐hummingbird network in the Brazilian Campo Rupestre ecosystem and investigate multiscale temporal variation of interactions in this community as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the frequencies of species interactions. Plants visited by hummingbirds were observed monthly for a year and each species had morphology, phenology and nectar traits measured. During 624 h of observation we recorded nine hummingbird species visiting 47 plant species, amounting to 9015 visits to flowers. Most plants (28 species) were endemic to the Campo Rupestre and mostly visited by the also endemic hummingbird Augastes scutatus (the Hyacinth Visorbearer). The annual network was not nested but presented high modularity and intermediate specialisation. While the overall (annual) frequencies of interaction were primarily defined by morphological matching and phenological overlap, we found a remarkable temporal change in community structure over the year, with different processes underlying interactions among plants and hummingbirds at different seasons. The interaction pattern during the rainy season was more similar to the annual network than the dry season (when nectar sugar content and plant phenology were also important), with more links per species and lower specialisation. The higher importance of morphology to predict interactions during the rainy season suggests higher niche partitioning when more hummingbird species are present in the community. Our results exemplify the importance of considering the temporal dynamics of the community to advance the understanding of the processes defining species interactions over time in the tropics.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Zigbee-110 Applications on Wireless Two Robot Humanoid Communications for Mobile Phone

This study aims to realize and analyze the performance of communication system between 2 pieces of dancing robot using Zigbee-110 on humanoid robot. With this wireless communication system synchronization of movement in both robots will be achieved. The test results show the robot to move dancing th

Topic: IoT-based Smart Home Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastics: High productivity achieved by using isocyanate‐modified cardanol

ABSTRACT A highly efficient process of synthesizing a cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastic has been developed by using isocyanate‐modified cardanol. As recently shown by us, the thermoplastic consisting of cellulose diacetate (CDA) and cardanol extracted from cashew nutshells performed high practical properties such as bending strength, heat resistance and water resistance. However, its synthesis process by esterification using acid chlorides of cardanol in a solvent as a common procedure, required high energy consumption by using a large amount of poor solvent to isolate the resulting product from the solvent. Using an isocyanate‐modified cardanol, 3‐pentadecylcyclohexyl (6‐isocyanatohexyl) carbamate (PICC) greatly improved the productivity of the modified cardanol‐bonded CDA (PICC‐bonded CDA). After bonding PICC to CDA in a solvent, the remaining PICC coagulated and was easily removed by filtration, which resulted in remarkably simplifying the separation process of the product. The resulting PICC‐bonded CDA showed insufficient thermoplasticity due to its high interaction between PICC parts. Additional bonding propionyl group improved the thermoplasticity while maintaining good thermal and mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1578–1587, 2013

Topic: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydrophobic Trichome Layers and Epicuticular Wax Powders in Bromeliaceae

The distinctive foliar trichome of Bromeliaceae has promoted the evolution of an epiphytic habit in certain taxa by allowing the shoot to assume a significant role in the uptake of water and mineral nutrients. Despite the profound ecophysiological and taxonomic importance of this epidermal structure, the functions of nonabsorbent trichomes in remaining Bromeliaceae are not fully understood. The hypothesis that light reflection from these trichome layers provides photoprotection was not supported by spectroradiometry and fluorimetry in the present study; the mean reflectance of visible light from trichome layers did not exceed 6.4% on the adaxial surfaces of species representing a range of ecophysiological types nor was significant photoprotection provided by their presence. Several reports suggesting water repellency in some terrestrial Bromeliaceae were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a new technique-fluorographic dimensional imaging (FDI)-were used to assess the interaction between aqueous droplets and the leaf surfaces of 86 species from 25 genera. In the majority of cases a dense layer of overlapping, stellate or peltate trichomes held water off the leaf epidermis proper. In the case of hydrophobic tank-forming tillandsioideae, a powdery epicuticular wax layer provided water repellency. The irregular architecture of these indumenta resulted in relatively little contact with water droplets. Most mesic terrestrial Pitcairnioideae examined either possessed glabrous leaf blades or hydrophobic layers of confluent trichomes on the abaxial surface. Thus, the present study indicates that an important ancestral function of the foliar trichome in Bromeliaceae was water repellency. The ecophysiological consequences of hydrophobia are discussed.

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The <scp>C</scp>‐terminal regions of <scp>YidC</scp> from <i><scp>R</scp>hodopirellula baltica</i> and <i><scp>O</scp>ceanicaulis alexandrii</i> bind to ribosomes and partially substitute for <scp>SRP</scp> receptor function in <i><scp>E</scp>scherichia coli</i>

Summary The marine Gram‐negative bacteria R hodopirellula baltica and O ceanicaulis alexandrii have, in contrast to E scherichia coli , membrane insertases with extended positively charged C ‐terminal regions similar to the YidC homologues in mitochondria and Gram‐positive bacteria. We have found that chimeric forms of E . coli YidC fused to the C ‐terminal YidC regions from the marine bacteria mediate binding of YidC to ribosomes and therefore may have a functional role for targeting a nascent protein to the membrane. Here, we show in E . coli that an extended C ‐terminal region of YidC can compensate for a loss of SRP ‐receptor function in vivo . Furthermore, the enhanced affinity of the ribosome to the chimeric YidC allows the isolation of a ribosome nascent chain complex together with the C ‐terminally elongated YidC chimera. This complex was visualized at 8.6 Å by cryo‐electron microscopy and shows a close contact of the ribosome and a YidC monomer.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Brain metastases in patients with urothelial carcinoma.

282 Background: Muscle invasive urothelial cancers are infrequent. Patients (pts) with metastatic disease have poor prognosis. Brain metastases (BM) are rare. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyse the characteristics, the treatment and the evolution of patients with BM treated in a single centre. Methods: Thirty pts with BM were identified among the 1591 pts with urothelial carcinoma seen at the Centre Léon Bérard, between 1994 and 2011. The study population was described, overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of BM was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were explored using a Cox model. Results: Twenty seven pts in our series were male. Median age at initial diagnosis was 60 years (range: 33.9-78.9 years). Twenty two pts had primary bladder tumours and 8 upper urinary tract tumours. Twenty four pts underwent surgery for their primary lesion, 2 received chemoradiotherapy and 4 did not receive any radical local treatment. Six pts had metastatic disease at initial presentation: 3 were operated on. Median delay between initial diagnosis and BM was 16.6 months (range: 0-56.4 months), 3 patients had BM at initial presentation. Median time between first metastases and BM was 10 months (range=0-52 months). Eleven patients developed BM as one of the first sites of metastases. BM were symptomatic in 28 pts: specific neurological symptoms (n=25), headaches (n=6), epilepsy (n=2). For the 2 other pts, they were discovered on a systematic brain MRI. Eighteen pts had cerebral metastases only, 5 pts had cerebellar metastases only, 6 had both; the last patient had cerebral, cerebellar and meningeal involvement. Half of the pts had only 1 brain lesion. Five pts were operated on: 4 received postoperative radiotherapy; 19 patients were given radiotherapy alone and 6 did not get any local therapy. In this series, median OS from diagnosis of BM was 3.4 months (IC95% [2.2-10.3]). Only the administration of chemotherapy after the diagnosis of BM was significantly associated with OS; probably because only fit enough patients were offered treatment. Conclusions: Prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma and BM is poor; however some patients have long survivals. Treatment is not codified as there is little data in the literature.

Topic: Brain Metastases and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences