jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Hot Extrusion on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

In order to study the effect of plastic deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy, experiments of hot direct extrusion were performed at different extrusion temperatures and different extrusion ratios. The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded billets and extrudate were measured. Experimental results show that the grain size of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy can be dramatically refined by extrusion. Hot extrusion can obviously improve the mechanical properties of as-cast AZ91 magnesium Alloy, comparing with the pre-extruded billet, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of extrudate can be improved by at least 69%, 117% and 150% respectively. As the extrusion temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of extrudate will increase. As the extrusion ratio increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of extrudate will increase at first and then fall. At the time of extrusion temperature of 420°C and extrusion ratio of 45, the highest tensile strength of 381Mpa and yield strength of 303MPa can be achieved for the extrudate.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ENDOMETRIOSIS-TRANSFORMED UTERINE CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA WITH ASYMPTOMATIC PTHrP MEDIATED HYPERCALCEMIA

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDHypercalcemia is a well-recognized complication of various solid tumours and hematologic malignancies. Clear cell carcinoma arising from the malignant transformation of endometriosis is a rare and typically aggressive cancer which occasionally presents only with hypercalcemia. In this report, we describe a case of parathyroid hormonerelated protein (PTHrP) hypercalcemia secondary to endometrial clear cell carcinoma including the results of biochemical laboratory tests and discuss treatment strategies with related literature reviews. CASEA 50-year-old female with endometriosis was incidentally found to have mild hypercalcemia during hospitalization for SAR COV (COVID-19) infection. Parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was suppressed, while PTHrP was significantly elevated at 30 pmol/L (&lt;1.3 pmol/L). A comprehensive investigation for malignancy was done, which revealed no abnormalities except for the progressive enlargement of her underlying endometriosis. An extended hysterectomy was performed, and subsequent histological examination confirmed the presence of endometrial clear cell carcinoma. Post-surgery, her serum calcium level went back to normal levels. CONCLUSIONThis is a case of uterine clear cell carcinoma arising from endometriosis complicated with hypercalcemia and highlights that hypercalcemia may be the sole sign of disease transformation, despite the well-established aggressive nature of the disease. It is then crucial to perform a timely and thorough assessment, followed by appropriate management

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adverse Effects of a Clinically Relevant Dose of Hydroxyurea Used for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease on Male Fertility Endpoints

Two experiments were conducted to determine: 1) whether the adult male transgenic sickle cell mouse (Tg58 × Tg98; TSCM), exhibits the patterns of reproductive endpoints (hypogonadism) characteristic of men with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 2) whether hydroxyurea (HU) exacerbates this condition. In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from adult age-matched TSCM and ICR mice (ICRM) (N = 10/group) for plasma testosterone measurements. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes excised and weighed and stored spermatozoa recovered for the determination of sperm density, progressive motility and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. In experiment 2, adult male TSCM were orally treated with 25 mg HU/kg body weight/day for 28 or 56 days. Control mice received the vehicle for HU (saline) as described above. At the end of the treatment periods, blood samples were collected for quantification of circulating testosterone. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes and epididymides were recovered and weighed and one testis per mouse was subjected to histopathology. Stored spermatozoa were recovered for the determination of indices of sperm quality mentioned in Experiment 1. Testis weight, stored sperm density, progressive motility, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology and plasma testosterone concentrations of TSCM were significantly lower by 40, 65, 40, 69 and 66%, respectively than those of ICRM. These data indicate that adult TSCM used in this study suffered from hypogonadism, characteristically observed among adult male SCD patients. In Experiment 2, HU treatment significantly decreased testis weight on day 28, (0.09 ± 0.004g) that was further decreased on day 56 (0.06 ± 0.003g; treatment x time interaction) compared with controls (day 28, 0.15 ± 0.01g; day 56, 2, 0.16 ± 0.01g). Concomitant with a 52% shrinkage (P

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Believing Not Seeing: A Blind Phenomenology of Sexed Bodies

Vision plays a privileged role in social interaction and the construction of intersubjective reality. Given that one of sociology's tasks is to problematize the taken for granted, research that examines rarely foregrounded non‐visual modes of sensory perception is a powerful resource. This article draws on twenty‐seven interviews that explore blind people's perceptions of male and female bodies. I highlight several distinctive features of non‐visual sex attribution (salience, speed, and diachronicity), and argue that conceptions of sex as “self‐evident” primarily reflect visual perception. These findings suggest the need to explore the sociology of perception as a new approach to the sociology of the body, and more broadly highlight the role of sensory perception in the social construction of reality.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LSTRS: MATLAB Software for Large-Scale Trust-Region Subproblems and Regularization

A MATLAB 6.0 implementation of the LSTRS method is described. LSTRS was presented in M. Rojas, S.A. Santos and D.C. Sorensen, A new matrixfree method for the large-scale trust-region subproblem, SIAM J. Optim., 11(3):611-646, 2000. LSTRS is designed for large-scale quadratic problems with one norm constraint. The method relies on reformulating the trustregion subproblem as a parameterized eigenvalue problem, and consists of an iterative procedure that nds the optimal value for the parameter. The adjustment of the parameter requires the solution of a large-scale eigenvalue problem at each step. LSTRS relies on matrix-vector products only and

Topic: Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliability-Based Maintenance Management of a Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge

: In recent years significant progress has been made in accurately determining the behaviour of existing bridge structures. During the life of a concrete bridge uncertainties exist in relation to the loading and deterioration of the materials. Nonetheless, compliance with the requirements for structural safety is of utmost importance during the whole life-time of a given structure. In this paper an innovative approach for the assessment and maintenance planning of a 30+ year old post-tensioned concrete bridge structure is presented, taking into account the uncertainties of the relevant variables on the loading (traffic loads and intensities) and resistance side (material properties). This approach is based on the determination of the reliability of the structure during its life-time by means of probabilistic analysis considering increasing traffic loads, as well as deterioration of concrete and post-tensioning steels over time due to corrosion. For the critical limit states the reliability index of the structure at different points in time is calculated and compared to the required reliability index from the relevant codes. Thus, the remaining life-time, ie, the time until safety requirements are no longer fulfilled, can be determined. Based on this information maintenance planning, as well as repair and strengthening measures on the bridge, are optimized in such a way that the service life of the bridge is extended. Introduction Description of the Structure Determination of Critical Failure Modes Modeling of the Limit State Function and its Variables Determination of the Reliability of the Structure Over Time Summary and Outlook References

Topic: Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multiple Mechanisms of TRPC Activation

TRPC (canonical transient receptor potential) channels are vertebrate homologues of the Drosophila photoreceptor channel (TRP). Considerable research has been brought to bear on the seven members of this family, especially with regard to their possible roles in calcium entry. Unfortunately, the current literature presents a confusing picture, with different laboratories describing widely differing results and interpretations. It appears that ectopically expressed TRPC channels can be activated as a consequence of phospholipase C activation (by increases in diacylglycerols or by loss of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate), by stimulation of trafficking to the plasma membrane, or by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. These diverse experimental findings arise because TRPC channels can, under both experimental as well as physiological conditions, be activated in three distinct ways, possibly depending on their subunit composition or signaling complex environment. The TRPCs may be unique among ion channel subunit families in having the ability to participate in the assembly and function of multiple types of physiologically important ion channels.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Differences between management consulting and intervention-research

MC Division is emblematic of the double attraction for consulting from scholars, and research from consultants. But most researchers believe the board is sealed with respect to research. From the case of a European research team, the major differences between consulting and intervention-research are identified: negotiating the contract, conducing the mission, academic publications. Intervention-research permits observing real management practices, thus it's a scientific methodology research. Moreover, research team activities are self financing through its contracts with companies and organizations.

Topic: Management, Economics, and Public Policy
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Nature of Macrophages in Rat Brain

The nature of phagocytes appearing in lesions of the central nervous system is strongly debated with a tendency to assess an exclusively hematogenous origin. We studied the origin of phagocytes appearing in a stab wound in the rat brain. Histochemical stains for acid phosphatase and peroxidase, and silver impregnation techniques were used for our study. The results obtained showed the existence of two macrophage types: endogenous microghocytes and exogenous monocytes.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical significance of locoregional and systemic treatment in operable high-risk breast cancer patients with more than four positive axillary lymph nodes

Besides the classical prognostic factors and the improvement of prognosis achieved from the anthracycline-based or anthracycline-taxane combination chemotherapy compared to cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil chemotherapy, our findings showed benefits on DFS and OS for appropriate local treatments, including radiotherapy and sufficient ALN dissection for high-risk breast cancer patients with four or more ALNs involved, which suggests that much importance should also be attached to local treatment besides adjuvant systemic therapy.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 835523: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparison Between Young and Elderly Adults Investigating the Manual and Oral Capabilities During the Eating Process

Abstract The adequacy of food handling and eating performance is vital for human survival and well‐being. However, physiological weakness due to ageing can often lead to compromised living. This work investigated quantifiable parameters to find associations between age and the eating capability in young ( n = 36) and elderly sample populations ( n = 40). The primary focus was to evaluate the strength of hand (hand and finger grip), mouth (tongue pressure) and the capability of texture discrimination (touch sensitivity and gel firmness). It was observed that, with age increment, there was a decrease in all measured forces (hand, finger, tongue) and an increased threshold in the texture discrimination (tactile and pair comparison test); the most decreased capability was observed in elderly women. Further statistical analyses show that hand grip force was related to finger force, tongue pressure and texture discrimination. These results demonstrate that a clear physiological separation exists between the two age groups and that the eating capability of an elderly individual can be objectively evaluated. Practical Applications It is well understood that the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition through decreased appetite which as a consequence affects health status. The level of proficiency in the associated food manipulation, mastication and deglutition executed during the process correlate with the eating proficiency or capability. To date, to the authors knowledge, there are no studies which address the eating capacity of the elderly population. It was observed that with increasing age, a corresponding decrease in deliverable force using the hand, finger and tongue was noted. Accompanying these findings, an increase in the threshold in texture discrimination (i.e., tactile and pair‐wise comparison tests) was also found with the elderly female group exhibiting the greatest reduction in capacity. The findings in this work offer objective measures with which to develop novel foods specifically aimed at improving nutritional products for the elderly.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Antimicrobial Activities of Seed and Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera against Common Clinical Microbial Isolates

Seed and leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera were tested against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of clinical importance comparing aqueous and ethylacetate efficacy as solvents of extraction.Agar disc and agar well diffusion methods were employed for the tested bacteria and fungi respectively.While the bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, the fungal species were Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus.The in vitro bioassay revealed that the ethylacetate seed extracts showed better activity compared to the aqueous extracts, with the highest effectiveness observed in ethylacetate extract against E. coli (23mm) and lowest in aqueous extract against A. flavus (6 mm).Conclusively, plant parts extracted with ethylacetate proved to possess more antimicrobial activities than aqueous, thereby suggesting ethylacetate as an effective solvent in the extraction of active phytochemical compounds.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nutritional, physical, and sensory properties of fish crackers produced from thehead of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Catfish heads are a common byproduct of large-scale catfish processing, known for their rich nutritional content. However, despite their potential to be processed into food products such as crackers, catfish heads remain relatively underused. This study aimed to produce crackers made from catfish heads and evaluate the nutritional, physical, and sensory properties of the crackers. After the preparation of catfish head flour (CHF) and catfish head crackers (CHC), the crackers were analysed with various ratios of tapioca flour (TF) to CHF: CHC 0 (100: 0), CHC 1 (90:10), CHC 2 (80:20), CHC 3 (70:30), and CHC 4 (60:40). The examination of the nutritional, physical, and sensory properties showed that the CHF had high protein (30.89% db), calcium (21.83% db), and phosphorus (10.26% db) values, with the CHC 3 having higher protein, calcium, and phosphorus contents than the control group (p&lt;0.05). The CHC 3 also exhibited good colours and textures, in addition to its superiority in all sensory attributes. In light of this analysis, the CHC 3 was indeed the best cracker processing. This study indicates that catfish heads as food ingredients can serve as nutritious crackers preferred by the panelists.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cannabinoids and Nausea

The treatment of nausea has lagged behind the treatment of chemotherapy-induced vomiting, despite its prevalence. The first recognized medicinal benefit of THC after its discovery was for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system, our understanding of the mechanisms by which cannabinoids reduce nausea and vomiting has been greatly improved. CB<sub>1</sub> agonists reduce nausea in preclinical models. CBD and CBDA also show promise as non-psychoactive treatments. As well treatments that boost the endogenous cannabinoid system by inhibiting the degrading enzymes FAAH (elevating AEA) and MAGL (elevating 2-AG) or both have shown promise to treat nausea in preclinical models. New research identifies the interoceptive insular cortex as a region which may regulate the experience of nausea and its amelioration by 2-AG.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the depths of the global earth observation system of systems

Big Earth Data-Cube infrastructures are becoming more and more popular to provide Analysis Ready Data, especially for managing satellite time series. These infrastructures build on the concept of multidimensional data model (data hypercube) and are complex systems engaging different disciplines and expertise. For this reason, their interoperability capacity has become a challenge in the Global Change and Earth System science domains. To address this challenge, there is a pressing need in the community to reach a widely agreed definition of Data-Cube infrastructures and their key features. In this respect, a discussion has started recently about the definition of the possible facets characterizing a Data-Cube in the Earth Observation domain. This manuscript contributes to such debate by introducing a view-based model of Earth Data-Cube systems to design its infrastructural architecture and content schemas, with the final goal of enabling and facilitating interoperability. It introduces six modeling views, each of them is described according to: its main concerns, principal stakeholders, and possible patterns to be used. The manuscript considers the Business Intelligence experience with Data Warehouse and multidimensional "cubes" along with the more recent and analogous development in the Earth Observation domain, and puts forward a set of interoperability recommendations based on the modeling views.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A comparison study of the auroral lower thermospheric neutral winds derived by the EISCAT UHF radar and the Tromsø medium frequency radar

A comparative study of the neutral wind in the polar upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere is conducted using two radars, the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) UHF radar (ν = 931 MHz) and the Tromsø MF radar (ν = 2.8 MHz) colocated in northern Scandinavia. Comparisons of winds are made in case studies as well as on a statistical basis. On the basis of simultaneous observations obtained by the two radars, comparisons over a height range from ∼90 to ∼100 km are made for about 20 days between February and October 1999. In these comparisons we directly compare temporal wind variations. On the other hand, mean winds as well as diurnal and semidiurnal components are derived using 1‐month‐averaged wind data obtained by the medium frequency (MF) radar for 1999. They are compared with those derived from 56 days of EISCAT data studied by Nozawa and Brekke [1999a , 1999b] . In the case studies, we have also utilized altitude profiles of electron density obtained by the EISCAT radar at and above 62 km height to determine the total reflection height as well as to estimate the effect of group retardation for 2.8 MHz radio wave. It can be seen that the effect of particle precipitation sometimes penetrates into the D region (down to ∼84 km). Generally, wind velocities derived by EISCAT with the monostatic method exhibit significant scatter with time below 100 km, while the number of the MF radar wind data sharply decreases above 90 km except for summer. These facts make the comparison difficult, but no significant departures between different radar winds are identified on an instantaneous basis. In the statistical studies, generally both altitude profiles are well connected, or continuous, but significant disagreements are observed for the mean wind and the tidal components for summer. On the basis of these comparisons, we raise strong concerns regarding the use of summer wind data above 91 km obtained by MF radar located at high latitude under high solar activity conditions. The wind values during the winter and equinox observed by the two radars are complementary. Thus here is a good opportunity to utilize wind data from the two different radars through a year, which then enables us to cover a wide height range (approximately 70–120 km). This wide range gives us good opportunities to examine the mesosphere/lower thermosphere coupling processes based on observational data.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences