jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chi-Sim: A New Similarity Measure for the Co-clustering Task

Co-clustering has been widely studied in recent years. Exploiting the duality between objects and features efficiently helps in better clustering both objects and features. In contrast with current co-clustering algorithms that focus on directly finding some patterns in the data matrix, in this paper we define a (co-)similarity measure, named χ-Sim, which iteratively computes the similarity between objects and their features. Thus, it becomes possible to use any clustering methods (k-means, ⋯) to co-cluster data. The experiments show that our algorithm not only outperforms the classical similarity measure but also outperforms some co-clustering algorithms on the document-clustering task.

Topic: Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Discussion on the Digitized Mode of Chronic Disease Management in Dongcheng District,Beijing

It is the prerequisite and guarantee for solidly developing chronic diseases management in communities to lunch to sett up a scientific operating and management mechanism for community health service.Dongcheng District has set up a new digitized mode for chronic disease management,which is characteristic of government leading,formatted network management and informationization supporting,thus to realize basically the standardization,systematized and meticulous management for chronic disease,and having made an obvious effect.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
<scp>Julie Roy Jeffrey</scp>. <i>Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman</i>. (The Oklahoma Western Biographies, number 3.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1991. Pp. xvii, 238. $24.95

Journal Article Julie Roy Jeffrey. Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman. (The Oklahoma Western Biographies, number 3.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1991. Pp. xvii, 238. $24.95 Get access Jeffrey Julie Roy. Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman. (The Oklahoma Western Biographies, number 3.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1991. Pp. xvii, 238. $24.95. Ruth B. Moynihan Ruth B. Moynihan University of Connecticut, Storrs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 98, Issue 1, February 1993, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/98.1.261 Published: 01 February 1993

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Big data for the Norwegian maritime industry

It is commonly agreed that we are in the era of big data (BD), and it is highlighted in a statement from the United Nations that "the world is experiencing a data revolution" (UN Global Pulse 2012). BD is characterized by 3Vs: high volume, high velocity, and high variety (Laney 2001).

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Vitamin E and probucol reduce urinary lipophilic aldehydes and renal enlargement in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is characterized by complications affecting several organs, including the kidney. Lipid peroxidation increases in diabetes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this study, we examined the ability of two antioxidants, vitamin E and probucol, to reduce lipid peroxidation in vivo and renal hypertrophy, an early stage of diabetic nephropathy, in rats. Animals were divided into four groups: non‐diabetic, diabetic, diabetic treated with vitamin E, and diabetic treated with probucol. Animals were given antioxidants by intraperitoneal injection after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin injection. After 7 wk, lipid peroxidation in vivo was measured by analyzing urinary excretion of lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds (LACC) as 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones by high‐performance liquid chromatography. A number of urinary lipophilic nonpolar and polar aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds were identified, almost all of which increased in diabetes. Antioxidant treatment resulted in significantly decreased excretion of urinary LACC excretion. Antioxidant treatment of diabetic rats reduced renal hypertrophy. There was a high correlation between kidney weight and urinary LACC. Since LACC are accepted markers of lipid peroxidation, these results indicate that antioxidants can reduce the elevated lipid peroxidation of diabetes and may slow the onset of diabetic nephropathy.

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Monitoring of respiratory function before and after cardiopulmonary bypass using side-stream spirometry

Pulmonary impairment is more frequent after cardiac surgery than after other major surgical procedures. The present study investigates whether, by using standard respiratory monitoring, i.e. side-stream spirometry and blood gas analysis, it is possible to detect changes in pulmonary function secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass. We investigated 18 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery or aortic valve replacement. Cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a nonsignificant increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen difference from 33.0 ± 10.6 kPa to 36.1 ± 12.5 kPa and arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension difference from 0.67 ± 0.39 kPa to 0.79 ± 0.54 kPa. Respiratory system resistance was unaltered. In contrast, dynamic compliance decreased significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass from 78.6 ± 22.9 to 65.4 ± 22.4 mL cmH2O−1 with open chest and from 61.0 ± 10.2 to 51.1 ± 17.2 mL cmH2O−1 with closed chest, compared with corresponding values before cardiopulmonary bypass. In conclusion, pulmonary gas exchange was not compromised after cardiopulmonary bypass, but a diminished respiratory compliance was a consistent finding, even in uncomplicated cardiac surgery using routine respiratory monitoring.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nationwide incidence of blindness in South Korea: a 12‐year study from 2002 to 2013

Abstract Importance Blindness is an important public health issue. Background The background of the study is to determine the incidence of blindness in South Korea. Design Nationwide population‐based retrospective study. Participants All individuals from South Korea ( n = 47 516 098). Methods Patients confirmed with legal blindness based on the worse‐seeing and better‐seeing eyes between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2013 were included. The Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) database was used. Using the World Health Organization definition, blindness was defined as best‐corrected visual acuity in the worse‐seeing and better‐seeing eyes of &lt;20/400. The mean incidence of blindness during the 12‐year period was estimated. The population of South Korea was estimated using census data in 2005 and 2010. Main Outcome Measures The total number of legal blindness cases in the KNHIS database. Results We identified 195 004 and 20 492 cases of newly developed legal blindness based on the worse‐seeing and better‐seeing eyes, respectively, and the mean incidences of blindness were 34.2 and 3.6 cases/100 000 person‐years, respectively. The prevalence of blindness based on the worse‐seeing and better‐seeing eyes was 425.3 and 57.7 cases/100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence of blindness based on the worse‐seeing eye was higher in men than in women overall. Additionally, the incidence increased with age and showed a decreasing trend from 2002 to 2013. Conclusions and Relevance The prevalence of blindness showed an increasing trend from 2002 to 2013. The findings of our study will help in the assessment of the blindness‐related socio‐economic burden and in healthcare planning.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tangible Benefits From Intangible Resources: Using Social and Cultural History to Plan Neighborhood Futures

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Intense development pressures in fast-growing cities threaten to displace many social and ethnic minority populations and the diverse histories they have created. We assess recent efforts of planners and preservationists in San Francisco to develop programs that use history to encourage greater participation of marginalized populations in the local planning process and protect cultural practices that contribute to the city's diversity. We find that these joint efforts to develop broad cultural preservation programs offer the potential to make planning more inclusive of underserved populations and preserve elements of diverse cultural traditions. However, San Francisco's experience demonstrates the challenges these programs present for planning practice because the historic resources of marginalized populations are often more "intangible" than traditional landmarks. The difficulties encountered include adequately identifying such historic sites, creating new tools to protect them, and the openness of planning and preservation professionals to "softer" interpretations of cultural importance. Takeaway for practice: To preserve a diverse range of cultural activities, planners should help social and cultural minorities identify key community assets. Policies that protect these assets can be complicated by the often intangible nature of cultural practices and may require nonstandard measures that go beyond traditional land use regulation.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Scavenging Damage and Pathogen Associated Molecules

In response to exogenous and endogenous danger signals the immune system launches a carefully orchestrated response known as inflammation.However, these signals can be found in higher than normal levels leading to pathological inflammation resulting in the establishment and progression of many diseases.There is a growing appreciation for the ability of inflammation systems to exhibit both beneficial and deleterious effects.Investigators are developing novel approaches to reduce aberrant inflammation.This review will highlight some of the therapeutic approaches that arise from combining medicinal chemistry and bioengineering, and discuss the disease states that are being targeted with these novel approaches.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Reaction on Alumina Catalyst. Synthesis of 6‐Nitrocholest‐3,5‐ diene in Dry Media.

Abstract The nitrocholestadiene (II) is prepared by treatment of the hydroxynitrocholestene (I) with basic alumina under mild conditions.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ERIC ED310300: Respite Care for Impaired Family Members: An Examination of Two Agencies.

Studies consistently have found that caregivers who use respite care are satisfied with and appreciate such care. However, preliminary evaluations of the effect of respite care on caregiver burden have had mixed, limited, and in some cases null empirical findings of program effectiveness. This study explored the relationship between caregiver characteristics and utilization of respite care in order to understand the caregivers' perceptions of burden and social support as well as their need for formal support services. Subjects included 22 caregivers using respite care for families with dementing relatives and 26 demographically matched caregivers not using respite care. Also included were 43 caregivers of mentally or physically disabled children using the in-home respite care program. Subjects responded to a questionnaire focusing on caregiver demographics, length of care, sources and availability of social supports, and attitudes toward and utilization of respite care. Results indicated that caregivers who used the respite care perceived a higher level of burden than did non- users. While differences in burden could be due to varying degrees of physical, cognitive, or behavioral problems that drive caregivers to seek respite, examination of severity, mental status, and prescription of behavioral management medications revealed no differences in the patient samples. (ABL)

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Essential Oils from Plants on Growth of Food Spoilage Yeasts

ABSTRACT Thirty‐two essential oils from plants were screened for inhibitory effects on 13 food‐spoilage and industrial yeasts. Of these, essential oils of allspice, cinnamon, clove, garlic, onion, oregano, savory, and thyme were most inhibitory. Oils were subsequently tested for their effects on biomass production and pseudomycelium formation of eight genera of yeasts. Garlic oil was a potent inhibitor of yeast growth at concentrations as low as 25 ppm. The oils of onion, oregano and thyme were also strongly inhibitory. Essential oils (100 ppm) had no effect on pseudomycelium production by Candida lipolytica . However, all eight essential oils delayed pseudomycelium formation by Hansenula anomala , whereas six oils stimulated pseudomycelium production by Lodderomyces elongisporus . Cinnamon and clove oils were clearly stimulatory to pseudomycelium production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural reliability of RC frames under sudden column removal scenarios considering static and dynamic methods

&lt;p&gt;The alternative load path (ALP) method is widely used to investigate the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in case of progressive collapse (or disproportional collapse) scenarios. This kind of analysis can be carried out either in a static way or in a dynamic way. In this contribution, these methods are compared by means of nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis methods. A 5-storey RC frame subjected to two different sudden column removal scenarios is adopted as a case study. The probabilistic analysis considers 12 random variables. On the basis of the stochastic results, a dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is calculated. The mean values of the DAF are 1.114 and 1.102 for the external column removal scenario (Case A) and the internal column removal scenario (Case B), respectively. Compared to the failure probabilities obtained through a static analysis, the failure probabilities for the incremental dynamic analysis results are 184.0% and 180.7% higher for Case A and Case B, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mees: <i>Participatory Design and Self-Building in Shared Urban Open Spaces: Community Gardens and Casitas in New York City</i>

"Mees: Participatory Design and Self-Building in Shared Urban Open Spaces: Community Gardens and Casitas in New York City." Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(4), pp. 592–593

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring the lived experience of nursing students who encounter inter-colleague violence during clinical placements: a phenomenological study

Inter-colleague violence during clinical placements can profoundly affect student well being, learning, and professional socialization. The experiences of students who encounter inter-colleague violence in the clinical setting have been examined by researchers internationally. There is a significant lack of research on the experiences of Canadian students in the literature. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of nursing students who encounter inter-colleague violence during clinical placements. The population of interest was baccalaureate nursing students in an Atlantic province in Canada. Eight students representing three programs from two different sites participated in the study. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. Five themes were determined using the approach of van Manen (1990/1997). The identified themes are a sense of foreboding, playing hide and seek, I had no options, we are all in this together, and letting go, moving on. Similarities were noted between the participants’ experiences and those of nursing students in other studies. Apparent in this study but not evident in the literature was the influence of word-of-mouth communication between students prior to the start of clinical placements. Word-of-mouth communication included the verbal exchange of stories and rumours about clinical instructors, nurses, and clinical units. Implications for nursing education, administration, and research are discussed and include the importance of teaching students to recognize inter-colleague violence and providing safe, supportive environments for students to report incidents of inter-colleague violence.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
P251 Environmental fungal sampling in a cystic fibrosis centre

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Objectives&lt;/st&gt; Aspergillus is a ubiquitous organism and CF lungs are vulnerable to infection. Aspergillus is known to be found in high numbers in organic matter and during building works. We commenced environmental fungal air sampling prior to and during building work carried out adjacent to our CF unit to evaluate and monitor our air quality. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; An SAS Microbial air sampler sampled 1 cubic metre of air over 5 min in assigned locations throughout our ward on a weekly basis. Outdoor samples were taken during this time for comparison. Each plate was cultured for 4 days at 30°C. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Results&lt;/st&gt; The predominant organism was Aspergillus fumigatus, the second Penicillium Spp. Site 1, outdoor air: revealed a maximum yield of 59 colony forming units (CFU) A. fumigatus (range 0–59 CFU, median 9), and 8 CFU Penicillium (0–8, median 0). Site 2, ward corridor: 29 CFU A. fumigatus (0–29 CFU, median 2.5), 15 CFU Penicillium (0–15, median 0.5). Site 3, patient room: 12 CFU A. fumigatus (0–12 CFU, median 2), 9 CFU Penicillium (0–9, median 0). Site 4, positive pressure anteroom: 2 CFU A. fumigatus (0–2 CFU, median 0), 1 CFU Penicillium (0–1 CFU, median 0). Site 5, patient room: 58 CFU A. fumigatus (0–58 CFU, median 4.5), 5 CFU Penicillium (0–5 CFU, median 2.5). There was a clear rise in Aspergillus yield demonstrated during the summer months in all areas except our positive pressure anteroom which persistently yielded negligible fungal growth. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusions&lt;/st&gt; High levels of A. fumigatus were persistently yielded from sites 1, 2, 3 and 5, both at baseline and during building works, with peak counts being found in the summer months. Fungal ingress onto the ward was demonstrated in all sites except in our positive pressure anteroom, with ≥10 air changes per hour, leading to isolation rooms. This gives doubts about the efficacy of our ventilation system in the majority of locations throughout our ward and needs to be clinically correlated with patient outcomes. &lt;/sec&gt;

Topic: Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Screening and assessment of PGP and biocontrol properties of Azotobacter species isolated from agriculture soils of North Karnataka

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are recognized for their ability to produce phytohormones, root-stimulating compounds, anti-fungal compounds and other secondary metabolites, making them potential biocontrol agents in agriculture. In the present study, 85 Azotobacter isolates were isolated from the agricultural soils of Raichur and Chikkabalapura locations. The isolates were further accessed for morphological, biochemical and plant growth-promotion (PGP) properties. All the isolated strains showed brown to black colour colonies on the Waksmann 77 media plate. Similar biochemical results were obtained for all the Azotobacter isolates. The isolates such as Azt-85 recorded the highest N2 fixation (33.36 µgN/mL/Day), Azt-69 produced IAA (24.67 µg/mL), and Azt-51 produced GA (23.7 µg/25mL). The anti-fungal efficacy studies were conducted using the dual culture technique using the efficient PGPR Azotobacter isolates against fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Aspergillus flavus). After the incubation period, the Azt-41 isolate showed the highest zone of inhibition (18 mm) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. Similarly, Azotobacter isolates viz., Azt-25, 38 and 41 showed maximum growth inhibition (9 mm) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Similarly, the Azt-31 isolate recorded a moderate (13 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus flavus. Integrating sustainable biocontrol strategies by injecting beneficial microbes like Azotobacter can enhance resilient food production systems and reduce reliance on chemical inputs through PGPR properties.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predictors of Stroke Events in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack Attributable to Intracranial Stenotic Lesions

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of subsequent ischemic stroke events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) attributable to intracranial arterial occlusive lesions. Methods The study population included 82 patients (55 men; mean age, 69.3±12.1 years) with TIA caused by intracranial arterial occlusive lesions who were admitted to our stroke care unit within 48 h of the onset of a TIA between April 2008 and November 2015. TIA was diagnosed if focal neurological symptoms ascribable to a vascular etiology lasted less than 24 h, irrespective of the presence of ischemic insults on imaging. The primary endpoint was an ischemic stroke event within 90 days of the onset of a TIA. Results The 90-day risk of ischemic stroke after the onset of a TIA was 14.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6-23.9%]. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analyses revealed that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positivity [hazard ratio (HR), 8.73; 95%CI, 2.20-41.59; p=0.002], prior ischemic stroke (HR, 4.03; 95%CI, 1.07-15.99; p=0.040), and a high serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on admission (HR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.05-1.26; p=0.002, for every +10 U/L) were significant independent predictors of ischemic stroke within 90 days after the onset of a TIA. Conclusion Our results suggested that patients with a TIA attributable to intracranial artery disease who showed DWI lesions, prior ischemic stroke, or high serum levels of ALP on admission were at high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke events.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences