jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Developments Concerning the Industrial Noise Problem

Abstract Because interest in industrial noise appears to be continuing there is need to train those who have responsibilities with this problem. There exists today adequate educational sources, Research continues to shed more light on the relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss, and allows the development of more dependable criteria. However, the author cautions that present criteria must be used with judgment. It appears that this country is approaching the acceptance of a single definition for hearing impairment and this definition is being included in compensation laws. The devices and techniques used for evaluating and controlling noises are constantly improving.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics of Collaborative Partnerships in Library Technology and Web Service Initiatives: Emergent Patterns and Lessons Learned

The emergence of new and integrated approaches to information technology projects and web-based service initiatives in libraries poses a number of challenges to those who manage them. Library managers must work closely with specialists in areas that are not always found within the library, yet there is no evidence-based data documenting the factors involved in doing so. The exploratory study summarized in this chapter documents much of what practitioners and scholars alike consider important in this arena, and contributes to the literature in two ways. First, a meta-analysis of what both practitioners and scholars have found to be important in the areas of technology project management and web-based initiatives is presented that can assist professionals currently developing web-based project launches. Additionally, by using bibliometric techniques as the basis of this analysis, a newly developed taxonomy of these approaches is provided that can assist LIS professionals with future cooperative web-based initiatives. Domain analytic techniques are utilized in the study to examine a selection (n=276) of published articles and papers to ascertain what library and information professionals have learned from embarking on such collaborations. A grounded theory approach is taken in order to develop a working taxonomy of topics and themes relating to collaborative online initiatives. The findings illustrate that library and information science project managers involved in online and web-based initiatives face five key areas of concern: information technology management, information retrieval protocols, user-specific applications, user education, and strategic planning.

Topic: Web and Library Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can Falls on Stairs Result in Small Intestine Perforations?

Objective. Abusive parents often report that a fall on stairs resulted in their children's injuries. This review explores whether there is any evidence in the medical literature that a fall on stairs could be a plausible explanation for a small intestine perforation. Methodology. The English-language medical literature was searched by Medline, for a 29-year period (1970–1998), for reports of the types of injuries sustained in falls on stairs and for reports of the types of blunt abdominal trauma that result in small intestine perforations. Articles that exclusively focused on infant walker injuries or the elderly were excluded. Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal perforations were included, whereas intestinal hematomas and undescribed intestinal injuries were excluded. All types of injuries to the stomach, colon, and rectum were excluded. Results. Falls on stairs were not reported to be a cause for any of the 312 cases of small intestine perforations reviewed. There were no reports of any intraabdominal injuries, including small intestine perforations, in any of the 677 cases of falls on stairs reviewed. Falls on stairs rarely resulted in any type of truncal injury. Conclusions. Although falls on stairs have been reported to be the most common cause of injury in childhood, no evidence was found to support the contention that an unobstructed fall on stairs could be consistent with perforation of the small intestine.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A tragic coalition of the rational and irrational: A threat to collective responses to COVID-19

There is not as much resistance to COVID-19 mitigation as there seems, but there are structural features that make resistance seem worse than it is. Here, we describe two ways that the problem seeming to be worse than it is can make it worse. First, visible hesitation to implement COVID-19 responses signals to the wider society that mitigation measures may not succeed, which undermines people’s conditional willingness to join in on those efforts. Second, our evaluations of others’ willingness to implement these measures are informed by our attempts to mind-read them. Yet attempts to mind-read groups often mislead us, because groups invariably act from diverse motives, whereas mind-reading works best when identifying relatively stable and consistent motivations. This means that a small minority of people refusing to implement measures can have an outsized prominence that prompts mind-reading to diagnose widespread hesitation. These two factors form a feedback loop with each other: we see some people’s hesitation, which prompts us to mind-read other people as being more uncertain about the responses than they actually are, which undermines our confidence in the responses, which in turn encourages others to mind-read this hesitation, which further undermines confidence.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Changing opportunities and constraints: Women in Bangladesh and Brazil in the 1980's.

The dissertation consists of essays entitled Changes in Female Labor Force Participation in Brazil 1976-1990: Pushed by Need or Pulled by Opportunity?; How Do Family Planning Worker Visits Affect Women's Behavior in Bangladesh? and Is Doorstep Delivery of Contraceptives Equitable and Efficient? Evidence from Bangladesh's Extension Project. The first essay examines how Brazilian women increased their labor force participation rates during the 1980s in response to the country's weak macroeconomic situation and in response to their increased educational attainment. Using a series of large household surveys, the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra do Domicilios, I develop a fixed effect methodology to distinguish long-term cohort-educational effects from short-term responses to changes in income and wages. I find significant effects of wage and income changes on participation rates. Changes in income can explain up to fifty percent of the increase in female labor force participation between 1976 and 1990 for all women and twenty percent of the increase for married women. Over the long term, educational levels explain between 49 and 70 percent of the variance among cohort life time participation rates. In the second essay, I develop and test a theory of how family planning worker visits in Bangladesh affect women's behavior. Visits lower the costs of contraception and may increase demand for contraception. If visits increase demand or if workers are targeting their visits, past family planning worker visits should have a positive and significant effect on later probabilities of adopting contraceptives. Using longitudinal data collected from 1982 to 1989 by the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, I find that past visits are not significant in hazard models for contraceptive method adoption, while visits in the current round are significant. Therefore, family planning worker visits affect women's contraceptive behavior by decreasing the costs of contraception. Results for contraceptive discontinuation hazard models provide further support for this hypothesis. The results are robust to numerous tests for bias. Visits to women with no education and to women who live in less developed areas have the largest impact on contraceptive adoption and continuation. In the third essay, I find that during the period of the study, the proportion of women who were visited by family planning workers increased, but women with high education were more likely to be visited than women with low education. The effect was primarily due to behavior by individual family planning workers rather than the allocation of workers across areas. Changing workers' incentives so that they target visits to uneducated women may be a cost effective way to improve the equity and efficiency of the program.

Topic: Social and Economic Development in India
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Subjugations: the case of the Stanfield Hall Murders and J.F. Smith’s Stanfield Hall (1848)

This is the programme of a one-day study day I organised at Birkbeck 13 October 2018 in honour of one of the world's foremost scholars in ninteenth-century studies. I gave a paper as part of this.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Wave scattering from periodic multilayer structures

The computation of single gratings lead to the analysis of the whole structure. Multimode interaction between the scatterers dramatically complicates the theoretical model. If the angle between the gratings rulings is not equal to zero then the problem becomes vector one and therefore, two-dimensional Floquet bases in an oblique coordinate system are used. Then, some auxillary algorithms that significantly simplify the computation procedure by reducing the main problem to set of subproblems, which are analyzed in the one dimensional basis, are considered. The common concepts of such an approach are presented by an example of two-layer grating array.

Topic: Optical Coatings and Gratings
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quality of the locomotion system in planetary rovers

Methods that take account of the properties of the propulsion system and the terrain (along with their interactions) are outlined, for use in quality assessment of the locomotion system in planetary rovers in which wheels with individual electromechanical drives are mounted on a self-propelled chassis. Criteria for optimization of rigid metal wheels are determined, and selection criteria for balanced suspension systems are established.

Topic: Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effectiveness of a clinical/billing alert system vs education alone in assisting physicians to correctly bill for asthma nebulization treatments in the pediatric office setting.

Missed billing opportunities can be a negative outcome of the implementation of non-interfaced clinical and billing information systems. We describe a decision support system that prompts physicians with suggested billing options at the point of ordering nebulized medications. A baseline rate of 70% missed billing opportunities decreased to 38% with education alone and to 7% with an alert system. Decision support can best support billing opportunities when automated and appearing at the point of care.

Topic: Electronic Health Records Systems
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Time-domain auditory processing of speech

Speech patterns develop over time. Temporal phenomena extend from the very short to the very long: timbre, pitch and segregation cues, segmental, prosodic and rhetoric patterns, memory, learning, development and evolution. This paper focuses on the lower end of the scale, where time-domain descriptions merge with spectral descriptions. Temporal cues are used by the listener to organize the auditory scene, parse acoustic information, and assign the relevant fragments to one speaker among several. Cues include interaural delays (that vary according to source position), periodicity (of voiced speech), and envelope modulations such as onsets. Temporal cues may determine pitch (intonation) and timbre (of vowels or consonants), for which it is also common to find accounts based on spectral cues. Frequency and time are closely linked. With a frequency-selective cochlea the ear is equipped to analyze spectral patterns, but from physiology we know that their temporal counterpart is also present in the auditory nerve. Synchrony to the acoustic signal degrades as patterns proceed towards the cortex, but accurate temporal information is available for processing at several levels and there is abundant evidence for neural &amp;amp;quot;circuitry &amp;amp;quot; specialized for time. Models that explain pitch on the basis of interval statistics between nerve firings are currently popular (although

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Loin Pain and Haematuria in Young Women: Diagnostic Pitfalls

Summary— Cystoscopy, intravenous urography and urine culture frequently fail to reveal the cause of loin pain and haematuria in young women. Two such women are presented in whom renal biopsy was not only unhelpful but also misleading. Subsequent renal arteriography showed arteriovenous fistulae which were considered erroneously to be the cause of the symptoms in both patients; in fact the fistulae were traumatic post‐biopsy fistulae rather than congenital malformations. These patients were probably examples of the “loin‐paidhaernaturia syndrome” which is thought to have a vascular basis and may have predisposed to the formation of fistulae.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation on pH-switchable (itaconic acid/ethylene glycol/acrylic acid) based polymeric biocompatible hydrogel

A new variety of pH-sensitive polymeric hydrogels (IAE) have been developed and evaluated as biocompatible hydrogels using synergetic combinations of itaconic acid (IA), acrylic acid (AA), and ethylene glycol (EG) in water medium by free radical polymerization.

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bandwidth-controllable reflective cholesteric gels from photo- and thermally-induced processes

A bandwidth-controllable reflective gel has been investigated from photo- and thermally-induced processes. Due to the pitch of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) composite increasing as the temperature rises, the CLC with short pitch is frozen by UV-curing the polymer network at low temperature and the CLC with long pitch is fixed by heat curing the polymer network at high temperature. A non-uniform pitch distribution of CLCs forms in the gel when temperature becomes low. It is demonstrated that the memory effect of the polymer network is an important mechanism for the resulting gel.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microeconomic Adjustment Hazards and Aggregate Dynamics

The basic premise of this paper is that understanding aggregate dynamics requires considering that agents are heterogeneous and that they do not adjust continuously to the shocks they perceive. We provide a general characterization of lumpy behavior at the microeconomic level in terms of an adjustment-hazard function, which relates the probability that a unit adjusts to the deviation of its state variable from its moving target. We characterize rich, cross-sectionally dependent aggregate dynamics generated by nonconstant hazards. We present an example based on U. S. manufacturing employment and job flows, and find that increasinghazard models outperform constant-hazard-partial-adjustment models in describing aggregate employment dynamics.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple forms of uridine kinase in normal and neoplastic rat liver

Two species of uridine kinase with molecular weights of approximately 120000 (I) and 30000 (II) have been identified in the rat liver system. Species I predominates in the 7-day postnatal and adult rat liver and increases in the regenerating remnant of the latter after partial hepatectomy; the concentration of species II is low in these tissues. Species I also predominates in the slow-growing hepatomas 5123D and 7800. In contrast, II is the predominant form in the foetal rat liver and accounts for 40% of the total activity in the rapidly growing Novikoff ascites hepatoma. In contrast to species II, which was stable, species I was inactivated by preincubation for 30min at 37°C, before assay at 23°C.

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mass communication in Japan

Mass Communication in Japan offers a rare inside look at mass media in an information society intimately related to and infinitely different from our own. Anne Cooper-Chen's overview of Japan's mass media reaches from its origins and functions to its current status and future prospects. She profiles segments of the industry: newspapers, news agencies, magazines and comics, broadcasting, advertising, and public relations. Cooper-Chen also examines such cross-media issues as law and regulations, journalism education and training, ethical crises, media images of women, minority/immigrant media, broadcast satellites and cultural imperialism.

Topic: Asian Culture and Media Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Variation by Oncologist in Treatment Patterns of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer and End-of-life Care for Colorectal Cancer Patients in Alberta, Canada

Colorectal cancer is one of major public health concerns in Canada. Prior studies have demonstrated a substantial proportion of patients in Alberta with stage III colon or stage II/III rectal cancer did not receive guideline-recommended adjuvant chemotherapy. Certain patient factors related with not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy have been assessed. In this population-based study, we examined the relationship between oncologist and patients’ not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and estimated the oncologist-specific probability for patient’s not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. End-of-life (EOL) care forms an important component in cancer care continuum. Using validated quality indicators for EOL cancer care, we evaluated aggressiveness of EOL care in Alberta for patients who died of colorectal cancer in 2006-2009 and examined factors that were related to aggressive use of health care services at the EOL.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The metabolic interrelationship and physicochemical analysis of C-reactive protein and hepatic catalase.

Summary The relationship of the appearance of rabbit Cx-reactive protein (CxRP) and the depression of enzymatic activity of hepatic catalase in rabbits following 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) administration has been examined sequentially. A rapid depletion of rabbit hepatic catalase was accompanied by a corresponding appearance of CxRP in the serum of AT-treated animals. Conversely, the restoration of catalatic activity resulted in a disappearance of CxRP. Similar relationships were obtained following subcutaneous talc or Freund9s adjuvant injections of Swiss mice. In addition, the antigenic relationship of human C-reactive protein (CRP) to mouse acute phase protein (M-APP) was shown in double diffusion tests with sheep anti-CRP antiserum (S-CRPA). Physical-chemical evidence which suggests a close relationship of CRP and human hepatic catalase (HHC) is presented. This is shown by a striking similarity in tryptic peptide maps of CRP and HHC following highvoltage paper electrophoresis. Additionally, CxRP incorporated into tissue culture medium containing rabbit liver slices enhanced the catalatic activity and reversed significantly the inhibitory effect of AT. It is suggested that the appearance of CRP may represent changes in metabolic events of the oxidative system, specifically that of catalase.

Topic: Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Poly[chlorido-μ<sub>3</sub>-1,2,4-triazolato-iron(II)]

The title compound, [Fe(C2H2N3)Cl]n, was prepared from a hydro­thermal reaction of iron(II) chloride and 1,2,4-triazole. It is isostructural with its MnII, CoII, NiII and ZnII analogues. The FeII cation shows a slightly distorted square-based pyramidal coordination environment, being surrounded by three crystallographically independent N atoms of three different triazolate ligands and a chloride ligand. A polymeric layer is formed by the triply bridging nature of the 1,2,4-triazolate ligand, which is bonded to three different Fe atoms through its three N atoms. The layer contains both binuclear units and tetra­nuclear units. In the binuclear units, two Fe atoms are bridged by two nearly coplanar triazolate groups through the 1,2-positions, affording a six-membered ring around an inversion center. Each binuclear unit is further connected to four parallel units through the coordination of the N atoms of the triazolate groups. Four adjacent units, which are pairwise parallel, afford 16-membered tetra­nuclear units, in each of which the two nearest-neighbor Fe atoms are bridged by a single triazolate group through the 1,4-positions.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Research on Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems (2008-2023)

Objective: Exosomes are unique bio-nanomaterials possessing significant value and potential for drug delivery systems. However, to date, no bibliometric studies in this field have been reported. Our aim is to explore the research hotspots and trends of exosome drug-carrying systems across various medical fields through bibliometric analyses. Methods: Articles and reviews related to "exosome" and "drug delivery" are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Origin 2021 are employed for bibliometric analyses. Results: A total of 771 articles from 60 countries, such as China and the United States, are included. The number of papers concerning exosomal drug delivery systems has been increasing yearly. The main research institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Fudan University, and Sichuan University. The Journal of Controlled Release is the most prevalent and frequently cited journal in this field. These papers are authored by 247 individuals, with Ando, Hidenori having the highest number of publications and Alvarez-Erviti L receiving the most citations. "Extracellular vesicles", "drug delivery", "in vitro", "nanoparticles", "cells", "delivery", and "mesenchymal stem cells" are the principal keywords for this hotspot. Conclusion: This pioneering bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the research trends and advancements in exosomal drug delivery systems in medicine over the past fifteen years.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences