jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sublethal dosing exposure risk of kochia (<i>Bassia scoparia</i> (L.) A.J. Scott) to carfentrazone-ethyl

Kochia is a troublesome, multiple herbicide-resistant tumbleweed which infests Prairie field crops. Kochia has developed resistance to systemic, foliar-applied herbicides from groups 2, 4, and 9, leaving only contact herbicides for post-emergence control. Group 14 chemistry is an important mode of action for resistance management. Weed staging considerations are important as recurrent sub-lethal herbicide exposure can increase risk of nontarget site resistance evolution. The study objective was to evaluate loss-of-control and estimate sublethal dosing exposure risk (SLDER) with a contact-type herbicide (carfentrazone-ethyl) based on initial kochia height, leaf number, and branch number. The SLDER from a single application to a single plant was conceptualized to increase due to escaping plant “volume” or immediate flowering. Kochia was only consistently controlled (100% injury) when dosed at ≤5 cm in height. The estimated maximum size for treated kochia was 21 cm in height, 18 branches plant −1 , and the maximum accumulated biomass was between 2.6 and 5.1 g plant −1 for models developed using the initial plant height, branch number, or leaf number as predictors. These estimates represent the largest plant escapes, which would be associated with 100% risk through vegetative considerations into SLDER. Kochia plant size for a 5% risk scenario using the SLDER model was 4 cm in height, 0 branches plant −1 , and 11 leaves plant −1 when carfentrazone-ethyl was applied at the labeled dosing. Caution is advised when spraying kochia above 5 cm as incorrect staging may lead to sublethal exposure, escape, reproduction, and escalated risk of nontarget site resistance evolution.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LETTERS pubs.acs.org/acschemicalbiology H-Bond Network around Retinal Regulates the Evolution of

The chromophore 11-cis-retinal in solution has a λmax of 440 nmin its protonated form1 and 365 nm in the unprotonated form.2 However, by interacting with various short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) opsins, the retinals achieve a diverse range of λmax&amp;apos;s between 360 and 440 nm. 3 Mutagenesis experi-ments using E113Q suggested that the chromophores of ultra-violet and violet pigments are SBR and PSBR, respectively.47 We have already verified8 these experimental suggestions for the mouse ultraviolet and human violet SWS1 pigments by using a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method in Our own N-layer Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular Mechanics (ONIOM) scheme,9 which was developed for calculating structural, energetic, and spectroscopic properties of large molecules. ONIOM and analogues QM/MM methods have proven useful in investigating spectral tuning mechanisms

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1405258: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Silvicultural characterization of the Cantabrian beech forest: the influence of site conditions and anthropic uses

The goal of this study is the description of different structures within the Cantabrian beech forests, and the assessment of the influence in the stand structure of factors of ecological site and human use. As a first approach, a typological classification of the Cantabrian beech forests was established. Based on this classification the relation between forest structure and previously established ecological classifications was analysed: regions of provenance, territorial areas and potential areas derived from population ecology studies. The data base for the establishment of the typological classification was the Third National Forest Inventory. The multivariate analysis of the IFN3 plots with beech as dominant species in the Cantabrian range allowed us to define seven beech forest structure types. The main difference between groups was stand density, diametric distribution and species diversity. Finally we compared the stand types obtained with the different ecological and administrative classifications. Beech forests in the southern Cantabrian range presented more pole stages while the presence of timber stages was more important in the northern part of the Cantabrian range. The results show that structural heterogeneity in the beech forest is determined by the union of ecological and anthropic factors.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigating Data Memorization in 3D Latent Diffusion Models for Medical Image Synthesis

Generative latent diffusion models have been established as state-of-the-art in data generation. One promising application is generation of realistic synthetic medical imaging data for open data sharing without compromising patient privacy. Despite the promise, the capacity of such models to memorize sensitive patient training data and synthesize samples showing high resemblance to training data samples is relatively unexplored. Here, we assess the memorization capacity of 3D latent diffusion models on photon-counting coronary computed tomography angiography and knee magnetic resonance imaging datasets. To detect potential memorization of training samples, we utilize self-supervised models based on contrastive learning. Our results suggest that such latent diffusion models indeed memorize training data, and there is a dire need for devising strategies to mitigate memorization.

Topic: Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Basalts and Andesites of Devonshire, known as ‘Felspathic Traps’

I. Previous Literature. 1797. W. G. Maton. Observations relative chiefly to the Natural History, Picturesque Scenery, and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England. Salisbury, vol. i. pp. 95-97 (describes the Thorverton stone). 1811. J.F. Berger. Observations on the Physical Structure of Devonshire and Cornwall. Trans. Geol. Soc. vol. i. pp. 100-102 (describes the amygdaloid of Poucham [probably Pocombe], Upton Pyne, 1 and Thorverton). 1821. Rev. J. J. Conybeare. On the Geology of the neighbourhood of Okehampton, Devon (" memoranda on the Red Marle" at end); Annals of Philosophy, new series, vol. ii. pp. 165, 166 (describes the amygdaloid of Thorverton, Silverton, and Radden [Raddon Court] quarries). 1835. Sir H. T. De la Beche. " Note on the Trappean Rocks associated with the (New)Red Sandstone of Devonshire," Prec. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. (1833-8) pp. 196-8 (mentions the trappean rocks "near Tiverton, Thorverton, Silverton, Kellerton Park, Crediton, and Exeter," and gives the geological history of those at Washfield, near Tiverton. 1839. Sir H. T. De la Beche. Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset (Geol. Survey Memoir)pp. 199-204, 211, 212, 215, 216, 489. 1839 ? (no date). One-inch Geological Survey Maps, Sheets 21, 22, 24, 26 (almost all the important exposures are included in Sheets 21 and 22). 1865. W. Vicary, F.G.S. On the Feldspathic Traps of Devonshire. Trans. Devon. Assoc. vol. i. pt. iv. pp. 43--49 (gives additional localities and fuller details of the macroscopical characters of the rocks). 1890. R. N. Worth, F.G.S. The Igneous Constituents

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modulation of geoacoustic emission intensity by time-varying electric field

The mechanism is suggested to account for the modulating effect of weak audio-frequency (a few hundred Hz) electromagnetic fields on the geoacoustic emission intensity in the case when liquid phase (aqueous solution) in the pore-fracture space of the noise zone controlled by the geophone is the incompressible Newtonian fluid with constant viscosity and permittivity beyond the slipping plane of the electrical double layer.

Topic: Earthquake Detection and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The temporal behavior of the anchorage of a cement-free implanted acetabular cup in animal experiments].

The mechanical qualities of the cementless press-fit cup of a hip prosthesis were examined in sheep. Primary anchorage of the cup is achieved by relative oversize of the cup in relation to the acetabulum, causing a press-fit effect. The surface of the cup consists of Sulmesh, a titanium net, which allows bony ingrowth. The quality of the mechanical anchorage in the acetabular bone was tested by measurements of the torque and cranio-caudal tilting moment needed to pull out the cup. It was shown that the secondary biological anchorage of the press-fit cup exceeds the primary mechanical anchorage (measured in previous in vitro experiments) by a factor of three. This improvement of the mechanical fixation of the press-fit cup in the acetabular bone can be explained by bony ingrowth into the Sulmesh and can be confirmed by histological findings.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modes of Philology in Medieval South India

In Modes of Philology in Medieval South India, Whitney Cox rethinks the textual practices of a diverse collection of scholars and poets writing in Sanskrit, Tamil, and Prakrit in far southern India between the 11th and the 14th centuries CE. Readership: Scholars and post-graduate students in any of the following fields: medieval Indian history; Sanskrit and Tamil studies; the history Indian religions, especially the Tantric traditions; historians of philology.

Topic: Historical Linguistics and Language Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of recycled aggregates on the mechanical and tribological behavior of concrete

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a current concrete using recycled aggregate. Physical and mechanical tests of characterization were conducted on the aggregates to better understand the effects of absorptions. An experimental program to test fresh concrete was conducted regarding the workability and tribology for different substitutions of recycled aggregates with a constant and variable W/C ratio. Mechanical strength tests were also performed. The results on aggregates clearly show a lower density for recycled aggregates which is reflected in the fresh concrete according to the substitution. The rate of porosity is important, reaching 17% with an uptake of 7%, greater than that of the natural gravel. The mechanical tests confirm low wear resistance. With a W/L constant, the drop in workability is significantly dependent on the content of the % recycled, while the mechanical strength decreases only slightly. In terms of tribology, yield interface friction (τ) increases with the percentage of recycled aggregate and the viscous constant (η) of 100% recycled, reaching twice that of natural concrete. The test with constant workability and a W/C ratio variable causes a fall in compressive strength values approaching 25%. A third formulation dosed in adjuvant, with workability and constant volume of dough gives resistance values ​​comparable to that of the reference concrete with a yield interface equivalent to that of the reference concrete and a slightly higher viscous constant.

Topic: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE PARTNER ALGORITHM FOR PROTECTING STATISTICAL DATABASES

Summary: A new control for protecting statistical databases against user inference is described. Within a statistical table, the control restricts sensitive statistics and, in addition, sufficiently many nonsensitive statistics to pre­ vent inference about identifiable individuals; it does not restrict entire statistical tables. The control works on a per query basis. It is memoryless, that is, it does not re­ quire preproduced output, nor is there a log of formerly answered queries. However, the syntax of the query language must be partially restricted. Although not perfectly secure, the control provides a high level of security.

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterizing the Dietary Landscape of Children, 12 to 35 Months Old

Dietary intakes in childhood are one of several factors that influence food and beverage choices later in life. Nationally representative dietary data of US children aged 1 and 2 years (toddlers) (n = 469) participating in the “What We Eat in America” component of the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to assess food, beverage, and nutrient intakes. Dietary intakes were collected using 24-hour dietary recall interview conducted by proxy that was usually the mother. Mean and distribution of usual nutrient intakes, percentage meeting dietary reference intakes, meal and snack patterns, and intakes of foods and beverages were estimated. The energy intake of toddlers was 1335 kcal/d. Usual nutrient intakes of vitamins D and E were less than the recommended intake levels by 86% and 62% of toddlers, respectively. Almost all toddlers (96%) had usual intakes less than the recommendations for dietary fiber and potassium, and 71% exceeded the upper level for sodium. Mean daily intake of added sugars was 10% of daily energy intake, with approximately 40% of toddlers exceeding that level. Mean daily snack occasion of toddlers was 3.1, which contributed one-third of their daily energy intake. Beverages contributed one-fourth of their daily energy intake. On the basis of 1 day of dietary recall, milk, water, and 100% fruit juice were the top beverages consumed by toddlers. Soft drinks were consumed by 14% of toddlers. Grain products, protein foods, and mixed dishes were each consumed by at least three-fourths of the toddlers. A greater proportion of toddlers consumed fruit (71%) compared with vegetables (57%). Nearly 1 in 3 toddlers consumed candy, and 2 in 5 consumed cakes/cookies/pastries. More than one-third consumed savory snacks, including chips, popcorn, and pretzels, and an equal proportion consumed crackers. Although the dietary intakes of toddlers met the recommendations for many nutrients, the consumption of food and beverage choices that were not nutrient dense may merit concern. Less healthy choices, introduced at early ages, may shape dietary habits across the life-span.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 3348: Pax8-PPARδ fusion protein activates β-catenin/TCF pathways

Abstract Pax8-PPARδ Fusion Protein (PPFP) occurs in ∼35% of follicular thyroid carcinomas. Expression of PPFP in the non-transformed rat thyroid cell line PCCL3 conferred on the cells the ability to invade through matrigel and to form colonies in anchorage independent conditions. PPFP also increased the percentage of cells that have activated β-catenin/TCF. We transfected control and PPFP expressing PCCL3 thyroid cell lines with two different β-catenin/TCF-GFP reporter systems. We then sorted a population of GFP positive cells and expanded them to obtain 100% transfected cell lines. These GFP positive cells gave rise to a new heterogenous population with a stable equilibrium between GFP positive, β-catenin/TCF active cells and GFP negative, β-catenin/TCF inactive cells. PPFP expressing cell lines contained more than twice the percentage of GFP positive cells compared to control cell lines. GFP positive PPFP expressing thyroid cells were enriched for cells exhibiting the transformed phenotypes previously observed in the unsorted, untransfected cell lines. Sorted β-catenin/TCF active single cells gave rise to heterogenous clonal populations containing both β-catenin/TCF active and negative cells. Clonal populations derived from β-catenin/TCF inactive cells remained purely negative. Clonal populations derived from GFP positive cells were twice as enriched for anchorage independent colony forming cells than GFP negative clones. More strikingly, GFP positive clones were 5-10 times more invasive than negative clones, which exhibited the same invasive potential as control cells. Treatment with PPARδ full or partial agonists further increased the β-catenin/TCF population in PPFP expressing cells. Again, the effects were confined to populations containing β-catenin/TCF active cells. Co-treatment with PPARδ antagonists reversed the effects of PPARδ agonists. These data suggest that β-catenin/TCF active cells have properties of cancer stem cells and that PPFP acts on this population to expand the stem cell like fraction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3348. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3348

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genomic Variability of O Islands Encoding Tellurite Resistance in Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Isolates

ABSTRACT Strains of Escherichia coli causing enterohemorrhagic colitis belonging to the O157:H7 lineage are reported to be highly related. Fifteen strains of E. coli O157:H7 and 1 strain of E. coli O46:H − (nonflagellated) were examined for the presence of potassium tellurite resistance (Te r ). Te r genes comprising terABCDEF were shown previously to be part of a pathogenicity island also containing integrase, phage, and urease genes. PCR analysis, both conventional and light cycler based, demonstrated that about one-half of the Te r E. coli O157:H7 strains (6 of 15), including the Sakai strain, which has been sequenced, carried a single copy of the Te r genes. Five of the strains, including EDL933, which has also been sequenced, contained two copies. Three other O157:H7 strains and the O46:H − strain did not contain the Te r genes. In strains containing two copies, the Te r genes were associated with the serW and serX tRNA genes. Five O157:H7 strains resembled the O157 Sakai strain whose sequence contained one copy, close to serX , whereas in one isolate the single copy was associated with serW . There was no correlation between Te r and the ability to produce Shiga toxin ST1 or ST2. The Te r MIC for most strains, containing either one or two copies, was 1,024 μg/ml, although for a few the MIC was intermediate, 64 to 128 μg/ml, which could be increased to 512 μg/ml by pregrowth of strains in subinhibitory concentrations of potassium tellurite. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis confirmed that in most strains Te r was constitutive but that in the rest it was inducible and involved induction of terB and terC genes. Only the terB , - C , - D , and - E genes are required for Te r . The considerable degree of homology between the ter genes on IncH12 plasmid R478, which originated in Serratia marcescens , and pTE53, from an E. coli clinical isolate, suggests that the pathogenicity island was acquired from a plasmid. This work demonstrates diversity among E. coli O157:H7 isolates, at least as far as the presence of Te r genes is concerned.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)

Background: Early diagnosis and effective treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has very crucial role. Anti dsDNA is very important diagnostic tool and activity marker in SLE. This study aimed to determine the association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI).&#x0D; Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study and was carried out at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore from Feb 2021 to May 2021. The study involved 69 male and female patients satisfying the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. Questions regarding different symptoms were asked and disease activity parameters were noted excluding renal parameters. Anti-dsDNA titers were measured from standard laboratory using immunofluorescence technique and were correlated with SLEDAI score. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.7±10.2 years while the mean duration of disease 1.94±2.65 years. We observed a female predominance among these patients with male to female ratio of 1:7.6. There were fifty-four (78.3%) patients with active disease. The mean anti-dsDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with active disease (315.73±481.68 vs. 78.46±113.64 IU/mL; p-value=0.003). There was a significantly strong positive correlation between anti-dsDNA levels and SLEDAI score (r=0.358; p-value=0.006). When compared, significant difference was observed in mean anti-dsDNA titers in patients with chronic cutaneous manifestations (p-value=0.040), lymphopenia (p-value= 0.012), pleurisy/pericarditis (p-value= 0.024) and leukopenia &lt;3000/mm3 (p-value= 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Anti-dsDNA antibodies titers are remarkably increased in patients with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus particularly with chronic cutaneous manifestations and leukopenia and positively correlate with disease activity status and SLEDAI score.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences