jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimum Nitrogen Fertilization for Production of Containerized Raphiolepis × delacourii ‘Snow White’

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Snow White’ raphiolepis ( Raphiolepis × delacourii Andre ‘Snow White’) were grown in 3.8-liter (#1) black plastic containers containing a pine bark:sand (8:1, by vol) substrate. Plants were fertilized at every irrigation, for 17 weeks, with a 4:1:2 nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P):potassium (K) nutrient solution containing N at 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, or 240 mg·L −1 (ppm) supplied as ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ). Maximum top and root dry weights were achieved with N at 145 mg·L −1 . Substrate solution electrical conductivity increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application rate (NAR) with maximum growth occurring at 1.28 dS·m −1 , whereas substrate solution pH decreased linearly with increasing NAR with a pH of 5.3 at 145 mg·L −1 . Increasing the N rate beyond 145 mg·L −1 had minimal effect on top or root dry weight. Leaf area peaked at a NAR of 171 mg·L −1 with a plateau at 524 cm 2 . Leaf area increased 275% as the NAR increased from 20 to 171 mg·L −1 . Specific leaf area increased linearly with increasing NARs. Carbon allocation between tops and roots was unaffected by NARs from 60 to 280 mg·L −1 . Root:top ratio decreased 56% between the pooled NARs (60 to 240 mg·L −1 ) and N at 20 mg·L −1 . Leaf area ratio increased linearly with increasing NARs. Foliar mineral nutrient concentrations of N, P, and sulfur increased linearly with increasing NAR, whereas concentrations of K, calcium, magnesium, and copper responded quadratically to increasing NARs. Top growth increased from inadequate at a NAR of 60 mg·L −1 to optimum at 145 mg·L −1 , whereas root growth was relatively similar over the same range. At 145 mg·L −1 , mineral nutrient concentrations of the top are well within or exceed accepted levels reported, and growers can expect rapid growth of rooted cuttings.

Topic: Seedling growth and survival studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Excimer-Induced Low-Energy Emission in Spirobifluorene-Based Polymer: The Role of Meta-Linkage

The behavior of intrinsic trace aggregate species based on π–π stacking in conjugated polymer and its influencing factors are significantly important for the color purity and stability of polymer light-emitting diodes. In this work, low-energy emission has been observed in the aggregate state of meta-linked polymer poly(9,9′-spirobifluorene-3,6-diyl). The origin of low-energy emission has been testified as an excimer emission because the absorption spectra for a well-dissolved dilute solution and that of the aggregated state are quite similar in shape, and the concentration/solvent dependence of low-energy emission in emission spectra is well consistent with character of an excimer. The excimer emission is only observed in meta-linked polymers but not para-linked ones, which indicates the importance of meta-linkage and the corresponding conformation in the formation of an excimer. The meta-linkage effectively broke the conjugation, which allows a fluorene segment as the excimer building block in the polymer, and induces chain distortion, where interchain interaction is not restrained by an adjacent fluorene segment. Especially when the adjacent 9-positions of fluorenes are in the same side of the backbone (defined as cis-conformation), local big chain distortion tends to induce a more effective segment interaction.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Establishment of a reverse genetics system for studying human immune functions in mice

Reverse genetics approaches in mice are widely used to understand gene functions and their aberrations in diseases. However, limitations exist in translating findings from animal models to human physiology. Humanized mice provide a powerful bridge to understanding human physiology and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis while maintaining the feasibility of working with small animals. Methods for generating humanized mouse models that allow scientists to probe contributions of particular genes have been rudimentary. Here, we established an efficient method for generating genetically modified human cord blood–derived CD34 + cells for transplantation, resulting in humanized mice with near-complete loss of specific gene expression by the human immune system. Mice transplanted with Cas9-edited human CD34 + cells recapitulate functional consequences of specific gene losses in the human immune system. Our approach enables targeted gene knockouts in humanized mice, offering a valuable tool for human gene function studies in vivo.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Adolescents.

The incidence of cytomeglovirus in adolescents is high, and congenital CMV infection is a major problem for infants born to teenaged mothers. The authors review the biology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CMV infection.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Social Latitude, Awareness and Personal Capability: The Problem of Agency in Chang-rae Lee’s A Gesture Life

This paper examines the problems of agency in Chang-rae Lee’s A Gesture Life and argues that agency needs to be understood in terms of three distinct but inter-related concepts: social latitude (the freedom afforded by society), awareness (one’s understanding of oneself and one’s situation) and personal capability (the will and ability to act even when one has both social latitude and awareness). In contrast to Marxist and critical theories that stress the power of hegemonic metanarratives to mold subjectivities, this formulation of agency stresses the interplay of cultural forces and individual psychological factors. In Lee’s tragic tale, Franklin ‘Doc’ Hata is shaped not only by the social pressures of growing up an ethnic Korean in Imperial Japan or living as an Asian American in a largely white town in the USA, but also by the psychological mechanisms of defense he employs to navigate his difficulties. Although Hata’s modest aims seem perfectly attainable by most, he is repeatedly unable to take the actions necessary to achieve his goals because he lacks either the social latitude to do so, a true awareness of his own motivations or the world he lives in, or the personal capacity to act even when he finally sees the truth. In constructing a modern form of tragedy that stresses the interplay of social and psychological forces, Lee outlines some of the complexities of modern life and reveals some of the lacunae of contemporary theoretical formulations of agency.

Topic: Japanese History and Culture
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polylactic Acid (PLA) Melt-Blown Nonwovens with Superior\nMechanical Properties

In\ncontrast to the commonly used nondegradable melt-blown nonwovens,\npolylactic acid (PLA) melt-blown nonwovens are renewable and biodegradable,\nmaking them very environmentally friendly at their end of life. However,\nthe strength and toughness of PLA melt-blown nonwovens are generally\ninsufficient for practical applications. Herein, we report a straightforward\nand universal strategy for fabricating PLA melt-blown nonwovens with\nsuperior mechanical properties. In this process, hierarchical controlling\nof the high-temperature and high-speed airflow considerably increases\nthe polymeric chain orientation and crystallization of PLA. High-molecular-weight\n(Mw) PLA polymeric chains can be entangled to reduce the negative\neffect of excessive polymeric chain orientation on elongation, resulting\nin a gain in strength and toughness at the same time. The resulting\nPLA melt-blown nonwovens exhibit enhanced strength (1.8 MPa, up by\n157%), higher elongation (35.6%, up by 256%), and excellent toughness\n(0.59 MJ/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, up by 788%). Additionally, a plausible tensile\nfailure mechanism for melt-blown nonwovens is proposed based on the\ntensile fracture process. Strikingly, the PLA melt-blown nonwovens\nexhibit high particulate matter (PM&lt;sub&gt;0.3&lt;/sub&gt;), removal efficiency\n(92.6%), and low pressure drop (12.3 Pa). The successful preparation\nof PLA melt-blown nonwovens with superior mechanical properties will\nsatiate the growing demand for sustainability, personal protection,\nand environmental protection.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Automatic Vetting for Malice in Android Platforms

Abstract : In Mobile App Security Testing, Dynamic Analysis is needed to deal with certain malware features that reveals itself only at runtime. Dynamic analysis requires a set of inputs to trigger potential malicious targets during the runtime, so that malware can be exposed. In order to generate the inputs (as a sequence of events for Android Apps), we have developed two software tools: JITANA and APEX which are presented and included in this final project report.

Topic: Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH1170679.09FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN POLYTROPIC COMPACT STARS

We solve numerically the two first order differential equations obtained by Tooper for polytropic compact stars. These equations depend on the polytropic index n related to the adiabatic index Γ = 1 + 1/n and on a parameter σ that manifests the relativistic content of the polytropic equation of state (EOS). In this work we investigate the effect of increasing σ for two polytropic EOS: the case of a nonrelativistic Fermi gas (n = 1.5) and the relativistic one (n = 3.0). We show that for large values of σ, where the sound velocity is not small in comparison to the velocity of light, the matter density is more concentrated in the center of the star and as a consequence the star mass also is: this effect is quite strong in the case of the relativistic fermi gas.

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Array antennas using low loss MEMS phase shifters

A line source of sixteen 5-bit MEMS phase shifters was used for beam scan of a novel X-band CTS (continuous transverse stubs) antenna over +/- 45 degrees in the H-plane. The 5-bit phase shifter has 1 dB loss on average over 6-10 GHz. The building block of these phase shifters is a cantilevered MEMS switch developed by HRL Laboratories. The metal-contact switch is characterized by 0.15 dB loss and 40 dB isolation at 10 GHz.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring Depression and Coping Strategies among the Widowed and Divorced Working Women

The present investigation was designed to explore the prevalence of depression among single married working women (widow and divorced) to see the relationship between tribal and non-tribal with special focus on their coping strategies. The data was collected from 100 widowed and divorced women (50=divorced; 50=widows). In both the groups of women, 25 were tribal and non-tribal women in each group. The correlational analysis was done to find out the relationship of depression, and coping strategies between the above mentioned groups. The results also indicate that depression is significantly higher among widow than the divorced participants both in case of tribal and non-tribal than the divorce tribal and non-tribal and as well the coping style is significantly better and effective in case of divorced tribal and non-tribal than the widow tribal and non-tribal. Therefore, the results indicate that better the coping style lower the depression.

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Theatre of Shadows: Samuel Beckett's Drama 1956-76 from All That Fall to Footfalls (With Commentaries on the Latest Plays)

Theatre of Shadows both defines and takes as its subject the middle period of Samuel Beckett's dramatic writing. By making a close study of the structure, and of the largely unpublished manuscript drafts, of the plays written from 1956 to 1976, this book offers considerable insight into Beckett's creative process.

Topic: Samuel Beckett and Modernism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Graph Attention Autoencoder for Collaborative Pair-wise Ranking

Recently, top-k recommendation system is getting more and more attention from researchers and unlike the rating prediction task, the purpose of top-k recommendation is to present the user with a list of items they are most interested in. Many rating prediction models do not produce good ranking results, so the top-k recommendation faces two challenges: the first is how to accurately obtain user and item latent vector from the user-item interaction rating matrix, and the second challenge is how to combine the ranking strategy with the recommendation model deeply. The booming deep learning technology, such as autoencoder and graph neural networks, brings us new solutions. So in this paper, we propose a novel model: Graph Attention Autoencoder for Collaborative Pair-wise Ranking. The autoencoder consists of graph attention encoder and collaborative neural decoder, which is used to generate user and item latent vector accurately. And then we use the pairwise ranking learning process to ensure the rating value accuracy and rating value pairwise ranking consistency. Finally, experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The pedagogical use of family measures: “My, how you've grown!”

Given the rich family histories that most students bring to the family communication classroom, teaching the “applied” portion of family communication research is usually a relatively easy task. It is sometimes more difficult, however, to integrate research and theory in a way that provides students with an understanding of the complexity of the family system. One way to begin to integrate research findings and methods into the family communication classroom is to introduce measures of family communication. Such measures can be used to explain a study, to illustrate a particular methodology, or to stimulate discussion on certain aspects of family communication. This article presents a framework for understanding family communication and reviews a number of family measures suitable for use in the communication classroom. Using the framework as a guide, potential discussion topics and class activities in family communication are outlined.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
PLAG1 and NCAPG‐LCORL in livestock

Abstract A recent progress on stature genetics has revealed simple genetic architecture in livestock animals in contrast to that in humans. PLAG1 and/or NCAPG‐LCORL , both of which are known as a locus for adult human height, have been detected for association with body weight/height in cattle and horses, and for selective sweep in dogs and pigs. The findings indicate a significant impact of these loci on mammalian growth or body size and usefulness of the natural variants for selective breeding. However, association with an unfavorable trait, such as late puberty or risk for a neuropathic disease, was also reported for the respective loci, indicating an importance to discriminate between causality and association. Here I review the recent findings on quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stature in livestock animals, mainly focusing on the PLAG1 and NCAPG‐LCORL loci. I also describe our recent efforts to identify the causative variation for the third major locus for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Epidemiology-Based Analysis of the Risks and Elimination Strategies of the Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Monkeypox, caused by monkeypox virus, has spread unprecedentedly to more than 100 countries since May 2022. Here we summarized the epidemiology of monkeypox through a literature review and elucidated the risks and the elimination strategies of this outbreak mainly based on the summarized epidemiology. We demonstrated that monkeypox virus became more contagious and less virulent in 2022, which could result from the fact that the virus entered a special transmission network favoring close contacts (i.e., sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men) and/or the possibility that the virus accumulated a few adaptive mutations. We gave the reasons to investigate whether cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs are susceptible to monkeypox virus and whether infection of monkeypox virus could be latent in some primates. We listed six potential scenarios about the future of the outbreak (e.g., the outbreak could lead to endemicity outside Africa with increased transmissibility or virulence). We also listed multiple factors aiding or impeding the elimination of the outbreak. We showed that the control measures strengthened worldwide after the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) could well control but could not eliminate the outbreak in 2022. We clarified eight strategies, i.e., publicity and education, case isolation, vaccine stockpiling, risk-based vaccination or ring vaccination, importation quarantine, international collaboration, and laboratory management, for the elimination of the outbreak.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The evolution and molecular characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Jiangxi of China

Abstract To understand the evolution and molecular characteristics of Jiangxi H9N2 viruses, we isolated 17 viruses in 2011 and analyzed their characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that their hemagglutinin genes originate from JS/1/00‐like sublineage, neuraminidase genes originate from BJ/94‐like sublineage, PB1, PA, NP, and NS genes all come from SH/F/98‐like sublineage, PB2 genes originate from ST/163/04‐like sublineage, while M genes come from G1‐like sublineage. Genotype analysis showed that our isolates were classified as genotype 57. Molecular analyses indicated that our strains contained specific sites characteristic of low‐pathogenic viruses. The current study once again highlights the necessity for continued surveillance of novel H9N2 viruses.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Possible New Member of the Vitamins A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> Group<sup>1</sup>

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Possible New Member of the Vitamins A1 and A2 Group1Norris D. Embree and Edgar M. ShantzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 5, 906–909Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01245a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01245a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Vitamin K Research Studies
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Early knee osteoarthritis classification using distributed explainable convolutional neural network with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations

Abstract Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a type of Knee Arthritis (KA) that causes pain, swelling, and other discomforts to the knee joints, which is quite complicated to classify using previous methods due to its various limitations such as computational cost, over-fitting issues, less reliability and so on. In this research, the classification using a distributed explainable convolutional neural network with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LExNN) model is proposed for knee Osteoarthritis. The distributed LExNN model is an ensemble with a distributed mechanism, in which the input vectors are distributed to two explainable CNNs which makes it quite easier for classification and grading. The distributed concepts are blown up with several advantages such as high computation efficiency with less training time, reliability, and develop an efficient model for classification. In addition, the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) technique interprets important information from the image and classifies the severity based on two grades namely high and low. This technique provides significant, simple, and understandable information, which is quite reliable for KOA classification. The supremacy of the model can be determined by measuring several parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score that gives 99.25%, 99.25%, 98.42%, and 98.83% compared to other state-of-the-art methods.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences