jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LRRK2 p.Ile1371Val Mutation in a Case with Neuropathologically Confirmed Multi-System Atrophy

Background: Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2) gene are among the most common genetic causes of Lewy body Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, LRRK2 mutations can also lead to a variety of pathological phenotypes other than typical PD, including relatively pure nigrostriatal cell loss without alpha-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies or Lewy neurites, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The mechanisms behind this remarkable pleomorphic pathology are currently unclear. Objective: To genetically and pathologically characterize a case with a LRRK2, p.Ile1371Val rare variant and pathologically proven MSA. Methods: From the brain donation program at the Parkinson’s Institute and Clinical Center, we selected 26 brains with family history and a with clinicopathological diagnosis of PD ( n = 20), MSA ( n = 4), or PSP ( n = 2). We performed neuropathological evaluation, including alpha-synuclein and tau immunohistochemistry and sequenced 188 genes that have been reported as causative for or associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Results: We identified a known LRRK2, p.Ile1371Val genetic variant in a case with clinically diagnosed and pathologically proven MSA. Neuropathology revealed that the olivopontocerebellar system was more affected than the striatonigral system. Conclusions: Our data suggest that genetic variants in the LRRK2 gene can present clinically and neuropathologically as MSA. One other LRRK2 genetic variant ( LRRK2, p.Ile2020Thr) has been reported with a neuropathological diagnosis of MSA. Interestingly, the LRRK2 variant ( LRRK2, p.Ile1371Val) identified here has been reported previously in a postmortem case with Lewy body PD. Future studies are critical to discover the mechanisms leading to different neurodegenerative trajectories both in neuronal and glial cell populations.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AN ASSESSMENT OF REAL WORLD STEERING WHEEL INTRUSION CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR HEAD AND FACE INJURIES TO RESTRAINED DRIVERS IN FRONTAL IMPACTS

This paper analysis field study accident data. The aim is to determine the effect of the steering wheel on head/face injuries to restrained drivers in frontal impact. Facial contusion and laceration was the most common injury for those drivers sustaining only minor injury to the head/face from the wheel. Of those sustaining more major injury, the head became the more important body region. When collision severity was considered, the likelihood and severity of head/face injuries from direct wheel contact was shown to increase with the Equivalent Test Speed. Those injuries were much more likely than not at speeds above 40 km/h. Wheel rearward and upward displacement and compromise of the head ride down envelope was also seen to increase with collision severity. However, for speed changes up to 50 km/h only 2.3% of wheels showed residual displacement upward and/or rearward greater than 12 cm. The role of wheel intrusion into the head ride down envelope was shown to have an important bearing on the likelihood of head/face injury. For the same collision severity, substantially more restrained drivers sustained head/face injury under conditions of moderate and high compromise of that envelope than those experiencing negligible compromise. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 871381.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrathin high-κ gate dielectric technology for germanium MOS applications

For the first time, we have successfully demonstrated the use of a high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectric material, ZrO/sub 2/, for CMOS applications on a pure germanium substrate. Using a low-temperature formation technique, we achieved excellent C-V characteristics with hysteresis of 1.5 mV and a capacitance-based equivalent SiO/sub 2/ thickness (t/sub ox,eq/) of about 5 /spl Aring/. Additionally, excellent device uniformity and very high device yield were attained.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Update on protocols for fixe-timed artificial insemination in sheep

Fixed–time artificial insemination (FTAI) in cattle has had a marked growth in South American countries in the last two decades, mainly based in the use of pharmacological treatments with estradiol and progesterone. To improve the pregnancy rate obtained with this technology, the focus has recently been on other aspects of the hormonal protocols that had not been considered previously. The most novel approaches propose studying preovulatory strategies to improve postovulatory conditions to improve pregnancy outcomes. In this paper we review the main results obtained by extending the proestrus length (i.e., the interval from progesterone removal to insemination). The results show that these new approaches allow an improvement in pregnancy rate, which deserves to be taken into account to be included in the implementation of FTAI programs.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Belgium and Spain

A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Belgium and Spain Anna Zamora-Kapoor Scholarship argues that anti-immigrant sentiment originates at the individual-level, is evenly distributed within countries, and is primarily manifested in a single form as hostility toward the out-group. In A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment, I challenge these three claims and propose a novel approach to the sociological understanding of inter-ethnic contention. My explanation for anti-immigrant sentiment builds upon prevailing theories within political sociology, which center on the role of the state (Evans et al. 1985; Scott 1998; Skocpol 1979). While scholars have long acknowledged the role of the state in the regulation of immigration flows and their incorporation (Brubaker 1992; Castles and Miller 1993; Geddes 2003; Lahav 2004; Massey et al. 2002; Messina 2007; Money 1999; Sassen 1996; 1999; Zolberg 2006), only limited research has examined the extent to which the state, through its regulations and institutions, may also affect public attitudes toward immigration. I argue that, as states establish the parameters for native-foreigner interaction, they play an active role in the establishment of inter-ethnic relations. I use a mixed methods research design that combines surveys, interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and socio-demographic and policy estimates to examine the distribution of antiimmigrant sentiment across three Belgian and three Spanish regions. Using regions as units of analysis facilitates isolating the role of structural conditions in the manifestation of citizens’ hostility. Three empirical chapters show that distinctive manifestations of anti-immigrant sentiment emerge in geographical enclaves with specific demographic, economic, political, and cultural characteristics. Findings from this research contribute to prevailing theories of antiimmigrant sentiment, and its relation to state regulation of immigration and integration. Moreover, I consider how current policies might be revised in light of these findings and I suggest new approaches to the regulation of multi-ethnic environments, as well as to the strengthening of social cohesion in these environments.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Comparative Study of Forecasted Benefits from Historical and Current Street-Trees in Downtown Oslo. Implications for Management

Urban trees and forests provide environmental, economic, social, and human health benefits collectively known as ecosystem services. Todays’ climate crisis and urbanization is linked to multiple challenges within cities and green infrastructure. Urban trees can help counteract these problems but must first be recognized as a part of the planning process. Across Europe, tree inventories are increasingly becoming younger and smaller as large trees are removed due to the potential risks they pose to public safety and infrastructure. The new area zoning plan for downtown Oslo (2019) attempts to protect and further develop the city’s current green infrastructure. If managers and urban planners alike are to effectively work towards the “protection and further development” of the green infrastructure in downtown Oslo, it necessitates having a baseline on which to assess what such a development entails. \n\nThis study investigates such a baseline by comparing historical and current tree populations for six different sites in downtown Oslo, and their respective benefits after a 50-year forecast run in i-Tree Eco. The overall benefits provided by the current sites after the forecast were 25 %, 33% and 50% for pollution removal, carbon storage and carbon sequestration when compared to the historical trees under a hypothetical scenario of zero mortality. These results were found, despite the existing tree population being 16% larger and not accounting for the high mortalities of 18-40% associated with the establishment of street-trees. These results highlight the importance of preserving large trees. \n\nManagers and urban planners are encouraged to have a holistic approach with target goals that better account for the higher benefits of incorporating larger trees in the municipality’s tree inventory when planning future projects.

Topic: Urban Green Space and Health
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from SRC3 Phosphorylation at Serine 543 Is a Positive Independent Prognostic Factor in ER-Positive Breast Cancer

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The steroid receptor coactivator SRC3 is essential for the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα). SRC3 is sufficient to cause mammary tumorigenesis, and has also been implicated in endocrine resistance. SRC3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, but these events have not been investigated with regard to functionality or disease association. Here, we investigate the spatial selectivity of SRC3-pS543/DNA binding over the human genome and its expression in primary human breast cancer in relation with outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Chromatin immunoprecipitation, coupled with sequencing, was used to determine the chromatin binding patterns of SRC3-pS543 in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and two untreated primary breast cancers. IHC was used to assess the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543 in 1,650 primary breast cancers. The relationship between the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543, disease-free survival (DFS), and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Although total SRC3 is selectively found at enhancer regions, SRC3-pS543 is recruited to promoters of ERα responsive genes, both in the MCF7 cell line and primary breast tumor specimens. SRC3-pS543 was associated with both improved DFS (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and BCSS (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) in tamoxifen untreated high-risk patients, such a correlation was not seen in tamoxifen-treated cases, the interaction was statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed SRC3-pS543 to be an independent prognostic factor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Phosphorylation of SRC3 at S543 affects its genomic interactions on a genome-wide level, where SRC3-pS543 is selectively recruited to promoters of ERα-responsive genes. SRC3-pS543 is a prognostic marker, and a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 479–91. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intercropping of Cabbage with Maize

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) during rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 under AEZ-1 to find out the suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Five different treatments were employed in the study viz. T1= Sole maize (60cm x×20cm), T2= Maize planting (75cm×x 25cm) + 1 row cabbage (50cm×50cm) T3= Maize paired row (150cm/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm) T4=Maize planting (60cm x×20cm )+1 row cabbage (60cm x×50cm), T5= Maize paired row (120cm/30cm× x 20cm) + 2 rows cabbage (60cm x 50cm) were evaluated. Maize grain yield in intercropped combination varied from 6.60-9.23 t ha-1. But the highest maize yield was recorded in Maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm × 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm), while the highest cabbage yield was recorded in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage(60cm x 50cm) between maize. The highest maize equivalent yield was also obtained in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm). The highest gross return, gross margin and BCR were obtained in maize planting (60cm × 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage(50cm x 50cm) and the lowest in sole sowing of maize. The overall results indicated that among the intercrop combinations maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) and maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm) were found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 115-120

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with acute MI: does the Framingham Risk Score underestimate cardiovascular risk in this population?

To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and estimates of global risk by Framingham Risk Score in young subjects with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we assessed metabolic parameters and global risk assessment in 165 consecutive subjects who presented with myocardial infarction prior to 45 years of age. Nearly 80% of subjects were overweight or obese and at least one cardiovascular risk factor was present in 96% of patients. MS with or without overt diabetes was present in nearly two thirds of subjects. Excluding subjects with diabetes, the mean 10-year Framingham Risk Score estimate in the total cohort was 9. 3%, with only 17. 1% of subjects having a 10-year risk greater than 20%. Only 28% of subjects with MS had a Framingham Risk Score greater than 20%. Although MS is present in nearly two thirds of young patients with premature myocardial infarction, the Framingham Risk Score appears to underestimate global cardiovascular risk in this population.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Two paths to customer loyalty: the moderating effect of the differentiation level strategy in the performance-satisfaction-value-intentions relationship

Purpose This paper aims to show how consumers process information differently under two dissimilar types of brand strategies. By analysing data from dishwashing detergent consumers who evaluated two different brands, one with a high differentiated/performance/price brand (HB) strategy and other with a low differentiated/cost/price brand (LB) strategy, it is shown how the structural relationship between some constructs differ under each price brand strategy. With a structural path analysis, the product performance, customer satisfaction, customer perceived value and behavioural intentions relationship are assessed. Additionally, the moderating effect of the brand strategy in this structural relationship is tested. Design/methodology/approach Data of a sample of n = 273 Mexican dishwashing detergent users were analysed. Respondents evaluated two brands of dishwashing detergent. One brand followed a high differentiated/performance/price strategy (Axion) and the other used a low differentiated/cost/price strategy (Roma). Participants had to have been consumers of both brands of detergents. A structural path analysis to show the moderating effect of the brand strategy was implemented. A nested comparison invariance test for structural weights to corroborate differences was used, as well. Findings Results confirm structural differences between both brand strategies in the constructs relationship. The HB strategy showed that both satisfaction and perceived value have a mediating effect between product performance and brand intentions; on the other hand, the LB strategy showed that only satisfaction has a mediating effect between these two constructs. The explanation amount for dependent latent variables was higher for the HB strategy than for the LB strategy. Originality/value This study offers a distinct view of the differentiated/quality brand strategy – low cost/price brand strategy duality. It provides a theoretical-empirical explanation of the cognitive processes that both strategies involve for a customer. As well, this study conceptually relates the generic strategies theory with the use of specific brand strategies.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[IC‐P‐031]: INTRINSIC CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS IN POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY: A ROLE FOR THE PULVINAR?

Amnestic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disrupted default mode network (DMN) connectivity with corresponding increased salience network (SN) connectivity. Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an uncommon AD variant presenting with progressive visuospatial symptoms, and the relationships between functional networks in PCA are unknown. We hypothesized that PCA patients would show early decreased integrity within the visual network, with corresponding increases in SN connectivity, despite relative preservation of DMN. As the medial and lateral pulvinar are anatomically interconnected with SN, DMN, and visual structures, we further hypothesized that the pulvinar nucleus might play a key role in these networks. 26 individuals diagnosed with PCA (all amyloid-positive or with AD-consistent CSF) and 64 matched controls were recruited through UCSF Memory and Aging Center research programs. Each completed a standardized neuropsychological battery, structural imaging, and task-free fMRI. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess structural atrophy. For fMRI, time series from seeds for networks of interest were regressed across the whole brain and fitted to a second-level regression model for group effects analysis. Functional data analyses were atrophy-corrected using the BPM toolbox. PCA patients show relatively preserved memory in the early stages of illness despite poor visuospatial performance; like others with AD, they also show preserved social sensitivity. As expected, VBM revealed highly significant parieto-occipital atrophy (Figure 1). PCA patients showed widespread decreased connectivity within the visual network, increased connectivity between some structures in SN, and increased connectivity between key nodes of the DMN compared to controls. Medial pulvinar connectivity mirrored SN connectivity, while lateral pulvinar connectivity mirrored DMN connectivity (Figure 2). Individuals with PCA show relatively preserved connectivity in SN and DMN despite widespread parietooccipital atrophy and decreased visual network connectivity. The striking similarity of medial and lateral pulvinar-derived connectivity maps to SN and DMN suggests an important role for the pulvinar within these networks, particularly given the close anatomic relationship between medial pulvinar and SN, and lateral pulvinar and DMN and visual regions. Thalamic subnuclei are well-poised to serve as network switches, and different subnuclei may be differentially implicated in different subtypes of AD. VBM, gray matter mask, PCA <HC. Seed-based analyses, PCA>HC. Joint height and extent probability threshold of p < 0.05, corrected at the whole brain level. BPM-corrected for voxelwise atrophy.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 951588: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Marking otoliths of brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta </i>L.) embryos with alizarin red S

In this study a time- and cost effective method for marking early life stages of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) with alizarin red S (ARS) is presented. The main intention was the development of a protocol to mark embryos. When stocking eyed-eggs, later recognition depends on an adequate tagging method featuring reasonable expenditures, low mortality and high marking success. Best results were obtained using ARS concentrations of 500 mg/l. Consistently clearly visible marks could be detected under a fluorescence-stereomicroscope equipped with a dsRed filter, without processing the otoliths.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Programming Plagiarism and Collusion: Student Perceptions and Mitigating Strategies in Indonesia

Many strategies have been proposed to mitigate programming plagiarism and collusion. However, the effectiveness can vary across learning environments due to different cultural and/or geographical backgrounds. A few specific studies have been conducted to provide a better picture about the matter in particular countries, but none of them focus on a developing country. This paper proposes a country-specific study for Indonesia, a developing country. Specifically, it summarizes student perceptions of programming plagiarism and collusion on 345 students from 16 universities. This paper also presents a list of strategies for mitigating programming plagiarism and collusion in six universities. Finally, it highlights remaining issues and recommends some practical solutions.

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences