jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Water‐Year Water Balance of the Colorado River Basin

Abstract Model‐estimated monthly water balance components (i.e., potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and runoff ( R )) for 146 United States (U.S.) Geological Survey 8‐digit hydrologic units located in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) are used to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the CRB water balance for water years 1901 through 2014 (a water year is the period from October 1 of one year through September 30 of the following year). Results indicate that the CRB can be divided into six subregions with similar temporal variability in monthly R . The water balance analyses indicated that approximately 75% of total water‐year R is generated by just one CRB subregion and that most of the R in the basin is derived from surplus ( S ) water generated during the months of October through April. Furthermore, the analyses show that temporal variability in S is largely controlled by the occurrence of negative atmospheric pressure anomalies over the northwestern conterminous U.S. (CONUS) and positive atmospheric pressure anomalies over the southeastern CONUS. This combination of atmospheric pressure anomalies results in an anomalous flow of moist air from the North Pacific Ocean into the CRB, particularly the Upper CRB. Additionally, the occurrence of extreme dry and wet periods in the CRB appears to be related to variability of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Residents Examine Factors Associated With 30-Day, Same-Cause Hospital Readmissions on an Internal Medicine Service

In recent years, there has been increased interest in stemming the tide of hospital readmissions in an attempt to improve quality of care. This study presents the Phase I results of a resident-led quality improvement initiative to determine the percentage of and risk factors for same-cause readmissions (SCRs; defined as hospital readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge for treatment of the same condition) to the internal medicine service of a multispecialty teaching hospital in central Texas. Results indicate that patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma or anemia may be at increased risk for SCRs. Those patients who are insured by Medicaid and those who require assistance from social services also demonstrated an increased risk for SCRs. This study appears to be the first resident-led initiative in the field to examine 30-day SCRs to an internal medicine service for demographic and clinical risk factors.

Topic: Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
L'analyse du génome et du transcriptome par des méthodes sans référence

Animal’s behaviors and pheno-types are in part embedded in the genetic molecules of life : RNA and DNA. By decipher-ing the information hidden in these molecules, we can peek into the mysteries of biology. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was developed as a powerful tool for decoding DNA and RNA molecules on a very large scale. NGS has consid-erably broadened our understanding of all areas of biology, from molecular biology to genetics, medicine, ecology and epidemiology. A corner-stone of NGS data analysis is the comparison with a reference genome. Although scientists use one reference genome per species, the explo-sive growth of sequencing output has challenged this view by showing that actual DNA and RNA sequences are much more diverse.In this thesis, we propose new bioinformatics protocols for NGS analysis that do not rely on a reference. Our projects aim to exploit the power of alignment-free approaches to discover novel variations in cancer transcriptomes and genomes in hard-to-map regions or regions absent from the reference genome. We applied this strategy to uncover novel phenotype-related events from large-scale cancer cohorts. From the perspec-tive of genome analysis, we uncovered novel re-current variants from prostate cancer patients. Based on transcriptome analysis, we discovered non-reference events with high replicability.We demonstrate that a large number of novel events relevant to diseases can be discovered in the manner of alignment-free. These novel non-reference events do not require a priori knowledge of the human genome or transcriptome and present significant prognostic values and potential to produce neoantigens. In addition, these novel non-reference events involved in cancer risk may orient biologists towards new oncogenesis mechanisms.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Heat Transfer Coefficients Analysis in a Helical Double-Pipe Evaporator: Nusselt Number Correlations through Artificial Neural Networks

In this study, two empirical correlations of the Nusselt number, based on two artificial neural networks (ANN), were developed to determine the heat transfer coefficients for each section of a vertical helical double-pipe evaporator with water as the working fluid. Each ANN was obtained using an experimental database of 1109 values obtained from an evaporator coupled to an absorption heat transformer with energy recycling. The Nusselt number in the annular section was estimated based on the modified Wilson plot method solved by an ANN. This model included the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers as input variables and three neurons in their hidden layer. The Nusselt number in the inner section was estimated based on the Rohsenow equation, solved by an ANN. This ANN model included the numbers of the Prandtl and Jackob liquids as input variables and one neuron in their hidden layer. The coefficients of determination were R 2 &gt; 0.99 for both models. Both ANN models satisfied the dimensionless condition of the Nusselt number. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was chosen to determine the optimum values of the weights and biases. The transfer functions used for the learning process were the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid in the hidden layer and the linear function in the output layer. The Nusselt numbers, determined by the ANNs, proved adequate to predict the values of the heat transfer coefficients of a vertical helical double-pipe evaporator that considered biphasic flow with an accuracy of ±0.2 for the annular Nusselt and ±4 for the inner Nusselt.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Quality of Life among Children with Physical Disabilities

Background: Children with physical disabilities (PD) have reduced levels of physical activity (PA) compared to typically developing children, which increases their risk of becoming overweight and obese, which leads to numerous adverse health consequences. This study aimed to determine the differences between groups classified by body mass index (BMI) percentile in terms of PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life (QoL), and also to evaluate the relationship between BMI percentile and PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and QoL in children and adolescents with physical disabilities. Methods: A total of 172 children and adolescents with PD aged between 5 and 17 years from Hospital Tunku Azizah were included in this cross-sectional study. The BMI percentile was calculated to determine the weight status. PA levels were assessed with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), cardiorespiratory endurance was measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and QoL was measured by the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 2.0 (PedsQL 2.0). Results: According to the BMI percentile, 70.3% had a healthy BMI percentile (50th to 84th percentile), 11.6% were overweight (50th to 84th percentile), 11% were underweight (0–49th percentile) and 7.0% were obese (95th percentile and above). Most children reported a healthy weight, and the rates of being overweight and obese were higher in children who could ambulate without aids (6.4% and 3.5%, respectively) compared to those who used walking aids (5.2% and 3.5%, respectively). Significant differences were found in the PAQ-C, 6MWT and PedsQL 2.0 scores between different BMI percentile groups (p &lt; 0.05). There were also significant correlations between the BMI percentile and the PAQ-C (r = 0.209, p &lt; 0.001), 6MWT (r = 0.217, p &lt; 0.001) and PedsQL 2.0 (r = 0.189, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The rate of being overweight and obese is greater among children who ambulate without aids than among those with aids. An increase in the BMI percentile can reduce the QoL in different ways. This study suggests that children with PD who can walk without aids are at a greater risk of being overweight and obese. Hence, the engagement of this population in PA is crucial for their weight management.

Topic: Infant Development and Preterm Care
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
General practitioners' and nurses' perceived roles, attitudes and stressors in the management of people with dementia.

Negative attitudes towards dementia care are associated with increased stress for GPs and nurses. Difficulties and uncertainties in these professional roles should be addressed by education in dementia management and improved awareness of available services and resources for people with dementia and their carers.

Topic: Health, psychology, and well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Research needs in taeniasis-cysticercosis.

This Memorandum discusses the epidemiology of taeniasis-cysticercosis, particularly the survival of taeniid eggs in nature, and goes on to consider diagnostic procedures (parasitological and serological), resistance to infection, pathogenesis and clinical pathology, chemotherapy, and the economic and social consequences of infection. Topics requiring further research are listed, and recommendations are made concerning the approach to the problem.

Topic: Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Circular migration and gender

Abstract Circular migration is a form of repeated and temporary population movement that involves the same migrants; it encompasses both unregulated circulation and movements managed through circular labor migration programs. The latter is a subform of temporary labor migration programs. Circular migration is, as any form of migration, necessarily a gendered process, because it involves men and women and is built upon and affects gender relations. Most circular and temporary migration programs, though, are conceived, negotiated, and implemented in a gender‐blind way. The programs largely ignore the different ways they draw ideologically upon, incorporate, and treat women, men, and notions of genderedness. A gender‐sensitive analysis of circular migration means to systematically include empirical evidence, implicit/explicit meanings of gender, and discursive dimensions. Whether circular and temporary migration programs can be designed in a more gender‐sensitive way remains open for two reasons: so far no attempts have been made, and the gender biases and other problems identified would question these programs as such.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spin Hall Effect Device for Magnetic Sensor Application

In this paper, the spin Hall device was fabricated to magnetic sensor applications. This device based on the spin Hall effect by observing in ferromagnetic and heavy metal multi-layer structures. We measured shift of switching current with changing a z-component of small magnetic field through anomalous Hall effect measurement. The shift of switching current can be applied the magnetic sensor. Also, we controlled the sensitivity of this device changing efficiency of spin Hall effect. This device is a good candidate for magnetic sensor to measure a wide dynamic range of magnetic field.

Topic: Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD 106RVUV #172778.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Note on the Existence of a Nash Equilibrium Point in Stochastic Differential Games

Using the implicit function lemma of Beneš [SIAM J. Control, 1970] we derive a sufficient condition for the existence of a Nash equilibrium point in a feedback form in N-person stochastic differential games, which is an addendum to the existence theorem given by the author [SIAM J. Control, 1978].

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Sunburn control on 'Hass' fruit

Shadow, a wettable powder used for sunburn control, was applied as a double and a multiple application treatment to ‘Hass’ trees in a commercial orchard. Shadow treatment reduced the incidence of sunburn by 20% when compared to the untreated control. However, due to high residue levels and / or scale insect infestation on Shadow treated fruit, the percentage of export grade fruit was only increased by 2% (double treatment) and 4% (multiple treatment). Shadow treatment is therefore impractical for ‘Hass’ avocado, but may hold promise for smooth-skinned cultivars such as ‘Fuerte’. packhouse procedures. Data on the proportion of export, local and factory grade fruit were obtained from the packhouse. One sample each of the local and factory grade fruit was evaluated for Shadow residues after packhouse treatment, sunburn damage and insect infestation on the fruit. The evaluation was done on a scale of 0-3, where 0 depicted a clean fruit and 3 a fruit with a severe symptom. A sample of the export grade fruit was stored for an evaluation of fruit quality after simulated shipment (28 days at 5.5 °C).

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Accelerated Canine Distalization with Miniscrew-assisted Micro-osteoperforations: A Case Report

Orthodontic treatment is aimed at increased life quality by improving the dentofacial functions and aesthetics of the individual. However, orthodontic treatment that takes 2–2.5 years on average both affects the psychological motivation of the patients and leads to a number of undesirable conditions such as caries, gingival recession, and root resorption, especially when the patient is inattentive to oral hygiene. Accordingly, many studies on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have been conducted recently. Microosteoperforation (MOP) is a recently developed microinvasive technique of tooth movement acceleration. This paper reports the effective and accelerated canine distalization obtained by mini-screw-assisted MOPs in the case of a 15-year-old female patient with Class II malocclusion, proclined maxillary incisors, and midline diastema. This technique compared to the conventional methods provided accelerated canine movement.

Topic: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Bayesian inference of dense matter EOS encapsulating a first-order hadron-quark phase transition from observables of canonical neutron stars

[Purpose:] We infer the posterior probability distribution functions (PDFs) and correlations of nine parameters characterizing the EOS of dense neutron-rich matter encapsulating a first-order hadron-quark phase transition from the radius data of canonical NSs reported by LIGO/VIRGO, NICER and Chandra Collaborations. We also infer the quark matter (QM) mass fraction and its radius in a 1.4 M$_{\odot}$ NS and predict their values in more massive NSs. [Method:] Meta-modelings are used to generate both hadronic and QM EOSs in the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampling process within the Bayesian statistical framework. An explicitly isospin-dependent parametric EOS for the $npeμ$ matter in NSs at $β$ equilibrium is connected through the Maxwell construction to the QM EOS described by the constant speed of sound (CSS) model of Alford, Han and Prakash. [Results:] (1) The most probable values of the hadron-quark transition density $ρ_t/ρ_0$ and the relative energy density jump there $\De\ep/\ep_t$ are $ρ_t/ρ_0=1.6^{+1.2}_{-0.4}$ and $\De\ep/\ep_t=0.4^{+0.20}_{-0.15}$ at 68\% confidence level, respectively. The corresponding probability distribution of QM fraction in a 1.4 M$_{\odot}$ NS peaks around 0.9 in a 10 km sphere. Strongly correlated to the PDFs of $ρ_t$ and $\De\ep/\ep_t$, the PDF of the QM speed of sound squared $\cQMsq/c^2$ peaks at $0.95^{+0.05}_{-0.35}$, and the total probability of being less than 1/3 is very small. (2) The correlations between PDFs of hadronic and QM EOS parameters are very weak. [Conclusions:] The available astrophysical data considered together with all known EOS constraints from theories and terrestrial nuclear experiments prefer the formation of a large volume of QM even in canonical NSs.

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Standing stabilization for people with a disability in lower limbs using foot sensory substitution

This paper describes the standing stabilization for people with a disability in lower limbs wearing an exoskeletal robot. There is a problem that people with a disability in lower limbs do not have sense of sole which is important for maintaining standing posture. Zero moment point or center of gravity are presented to the subject using visual and tactile method. As for tactile method, experiments are conducted for various skin part and various distance of adjacent solenoid pins of the tactile device.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
15 5 Reflections on Trans &amp; Taxonomy (with Neo Musangi)

This reflection juxtaposes African queer studies and visual studies to consider how African queerness is represented. Taking the work of Kenyan photographer Neo Musangi as its point of departure, it foregrounds questions raised by representations of trans individuals about the politics of knowledge and the ethics of opacity. As trans activists and intellectuals have noted, the visual is an especially vexed site of gendered policing, and I consider how quotidian habits of visual analysis risk performing similar policing. Instead of situating trans visual art and activism as exceptional, as requiring special analytic tools, I argue that it teaches us to re-think our assumptions about all African art, refusing to take for granted gendered, sexed, and sexualised categories and practices.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Nordic diet - possible health effects and approaches to the different food indexes. A literature study

One way to overcome the preventable, non-communicable diseases which is a challenge to public health is to facilitate a healthy diet with a sufficient nutritional value. In the Nordic regions great efforts have been made to focus on the health impacts of the dietary pattern, issuing guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intake of nutrients. These recommendations, The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) forms the basis for the national dietary recommendations for the Nordic countries. These recommendations has instigated the creation of other food indexes with Nordic origin. This thesis aims to explore the different approaces to the Nordic diet and possible health effects.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A specific fluorescent chemosensor for copper (II) cation recognition*

Abstract The fluorescent spectra of 2 6-bis benzimidazol-2-yl pyridine compound 2 and its N-substituted compound l are studied. The fluorescent characteristics of these compounds and the complexes formed from these compounds with different metal ions have also been investigated. The results show that compound 1 possesses a specific ability to form complex with Cu2+ ions, but compound 2 has not such a property. It is proposed that the specific recognition ability of compound 1 to Cu2+ may attribute to the cyclic configuration of this compound in polar solvent.

Topic: Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Life-Span Lessons: The Importance of Age-Related Knowledge for Aging Into Any Career

Demand to meet the needs of a rapidly aging population is high. Students outside of gerontology programs, however, remain resistant to enrolling in aging coursework, which are often electives within or outside their degree programs. A life-span development course, however, is likely to be a requirement in many disciplines. In a multigenerational workforce spanning five generations and with intergenerational conflict making media headlines, students must understand how to navigate age-diverse climates. We advocate that a course in life-span development can serve as both a recruitment tool for driving interest in aging-related careers and an access point for preparing students to enter a sometimes contentious, multigenerational workforce. We illustrate how knowledge of developmental influences across the lifespan may lead to a better understanding of individual similarities and differences in developmental experiences, fostering intergenerational cohesion throughout one’s career.

Topic: Aging and Gerontology Research
Subfield: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Case report: Portal and systemic venous gas in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer: CT findings

Gas within the portal circulation has been known to be associated with a number of conditions most commonly mesenteric ischemia and necrosis. Systemic venous gas is described with few conditions and is mostly iatrogenic in nature. We describe a case of combined portal and systemic venous gas detected by computed tomography in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer.

Topic: Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences