jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discrete time analysis of a repairable machine

We consider, in discrete time, a single machine system that operates for a period of time represented by a general distribution. This machine is subject to failures during operations and the occurrence of these failures depends on how many times the machine has previously failed. Some failures are repairable and the repair times may or may not depend on the number of times the machine was previously repaired. Repair times also have a general distribution. The operating times of the machine depend on how many times it has failed and was subjected to repairs. Secondly, when the machine experiences a nonrepairable failure, it is replaced by another machine. The replacement machine may be new or a refurbished one. After the N th failure, the machine is automatically replaced with a new one. We present a detailed analysis of special cases of this system, and we obtain the stationary distribution of the system and the optimal time for replacing the machine with a new one.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fossiliferous methane‐seep deposits from the Cenozoic Talara Basin in northern Peru

Thirteen fossiliferous limestone deposits from Cenozoic strata in the Talara Basin in northern Peru are identified as ancient methane-seep deposits. Planktonic foraminifera and the existing stratigraphical framework of the Talara Basin indicate an early Oligocene, or possibly late Eocene, age of these deposits. They are found in three distinct areas – Belén, Cerro La Salina and Cerros El Pelado – and differ in their petrography, stable isotope signatures, and lipid biomarker and macrofaunal contents. At Belén, the carbon stable isotope signature of the carbonate and the abundance of n-alkanes indicates the possibility of oil seepage in addition to methane seepage; for Belén and Cerro La Salina the high abundance of the biomarker crocetane indicates a dominance of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea of the ANME-2 group, whereas the rather small combined crocetane/phytane peak of a Cerros El Pelado limestone agrees with mixed ANME-1/ANME-2 input. The macrofauna consists mainly of molluscs; the Cerro La Salina sites include mostly infaunal thyasirid and lucinid bivalves and only few vesicomyid bivalves; gastropods include Provanna antiqua, the limpet Pyropelta and several vetigastropods. The Belén site is dominated by the elongate vesicomyid bivalve Pleurophopsis lithophagoides. The most common bivalve at the Cerros El Pelado sites is an undetermined, possible vesicomyid, and a smooth provannid gastropod. Biogeographically the faunas are most similar to those of the northwestern United States, as indicated by two joint species; similarities on the genus level (Conchocele, Lucinoma, Pleurophopsis, Provanna, Colus) exist also with Japan and the Caribbean region.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Alterations of Consciousness: An Empirical Analysis for Social Scientists.</i>Imants Baruss. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (2003). 290 Pages, $49.95

(2004). Alterations of Consciousness: An Empirical Analysis for Social Scientists. Imants Baruss. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (2003). 290 Pages, $49.95. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 251-253.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Design and implementation of an agent-based intermediary infrastructure for electronic markets

Article Design and implementation of an agent-based intermediary infrastructure for electronic markets Share on Authors: Gaurav Tewari MIT Media Lab, E15-305, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA MIT Media Lab, E15-305, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Pattie Maes MIT Media Lab, E15-305, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA MIT Media Lab, E15-305, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims EC '00: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM conference on Electronic commerceOctober 2000 Pages 86–94https://doi.org/10.1145/352871.352881Online:17 October 2000Publication History 19citation818DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads818Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion attenuation correction: Factors affecting the level of apical left ventricular tracer uptake in normal patients

1823 Objectives Attenuation correction (AC) of myocardial perfusion SPECT allows better quantification of cardiac tracer uptake. In normal patients, the apical left ventricular (LV) tracer uptake with SPECT-AC is variable with frequently observed reduced relative tracer uptake. In this study, we aimed to determine in normal patients the factors influencing the level of LV apical tracer uptake with SPECT-AC. Methods Our study included 100 consecutive patients with no previously known CAD addressed for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (Myoview-Tc99m) and having clinically and electrically negative stress tests (exercise, dipyridamole, combined) and normal filtered back-projection (FBP) stress MPI (without AC). All patients had SPECT/CT MPI acquisitions (Myoview-Tc99m, Symbia, Siemens) allowing the reconstruction of both FBP (non-AC) and SPECT-AC. These were processed with QPS software and allowed the quantification of LV apical uptake (segment 17): seg17_FBP and seg17_AC. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing the level of seg17_AC uptake: age, sex, weight, height, type of stress test, LV axis angle in the sagittal plane (angle_S, in degrees), LV axis angle in the transaxial plane (angle_T, in degrees), exercise work level (watts), maximal stress heart rate expressed as percent of age-predicted maximal heart rate, presence of coronary calcification on the CT part used for attenuation correction, and seg17_FBP. Results Seg17_AC was much lower than seg17_FBP: 68±7% (minimum=53%; maximum=87%) versus 83±6% (minimum=72%; maximum=96%) (P Conclusions The level of apical LV tracer uptake with SPECT-AC depends on both its level on FBP and the angle of the LV in the sagittal plane

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Selected examples of the integration of the PP into national and international law

Switzerland: Section 74, Paragraph 2 of the Federal Constitution: In principle, all the formulations of the concept of precaution in environmental protection are based on the notion that indeterminable risks are to be avoided. Section 1, Paragraph 2 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) [Umweltschutzgesetz, USG]: "Precaution as defined implies that any effects likely to be harmful or noxious are to be limited early on." This formulation comprises the obligation to limit effects below the threshold of harmfulness and the obligation to limit effects for which no threshold of harmfulness can be ascertained by scientific means. Section 148a of the Agricultural Act [Landwirtschaftsgesetz]: revised as part of the 2007 Agricultural Policy, it defines the precautionary principle in accord with those of the EU (WHO, 2003[1]).

Topic: Agricultural safety and regulations
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Uji Potensi Triterpenoid dari Kulit Batang Waru Jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) sebagai Kandidat Antiinflamasi pada Mencit (Mus musculus) Model Rheumatoid Arthritis Berbasis in Silico

Waru jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) is a plant that functions as an anti-inflammatory. Compounds from the waru jawa plant, especially the bark can be grouped into alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. The content of triterpenoids from the waru jawa stem bark was tested for their biochemical activity, so that it is expected that the bark of Javanese waru stems can be used optimally. This study aims to determine the potential of triterpenoids from waru jawa stem bark as anti-inflammatory candidates in mice (Mus musculus) rheumatoid arthritis model in silico-based. Potential analysis of triterpenoids in mice was carried out using the STITCH, which is a database of known and predicted interactions between chemicals and proteins found in living things. Interactions in question are physical and functional associations, the data contained in STITCH comes from computational predictions, transfer of knowledge between organisms, and from interactions collected from other databases. Analysis of the triterpenoid mechanism of waru jawa stem bark against rheumatoid arthritis model mice in silico-based using the bioinformatics application Kegg. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that triterpenoids derived from waru jawa stem bark sources play an important role in reducing inflammation. The triterpenoids target NF-κB, leading to its downregulation. Triterpenoids have been found to have many functions, although their effective concentrations for various cellular effects may vary widely. Depending upon the dose administered, triterpenoids can induce anti-inflammatory, proliferation-arresting, apoptotic effects, cytoprotective, and tumor-differentiating.

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Local Reference Frames vs. Global Reference Frame for Mobile Robot Localization and Path Planning

This work aims at two major goals: i) to estimate the position of a mobile robot under sensor and control errors; and ii) to provide a motion strategy that outputs a path so that the strategy diminishes the uncertainty about the robot's position both while the robot is moving along the output path and when the robot reaches a goal location. To diminish uncertainty, the path planning strategy switches between reference frames whenever required. We have found out that, for our sensor models, determining the robot position using a set of local reference frames generally yields a smaller position uncertainty than that associated with a global reference frame. To efficiently compute the robot path we use a greedy algorithm in a reduced search space that is able to explore several steps ahead without incurring in too high a computational cost.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
StrainInfo SI-ID 58904.1

StrainInfo dataset 58904 about a strain of Flavobacterium. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stahle - Lancaster Cabin And Barn - JUVI - ITRDB AR

Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives. Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets. Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll

Topic: Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Association Between Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Nonimmune Individuals and COVID-19 Immunity in Their Family Members

In this cohort study, family members without immunity had a 45% to 97% lower risk of contracting COVID-19 as the number of immune family members increased. Vaccination is a key strategy for decreasing the transmission of the virus within families.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gennaria diphylla Parlatore 1860

1. G. diphylla (Link) Pari., FI. Ital. 3: 405 (1860) (Orchiscordata Willd., O. diphylla (Link) Samp.). Stern 15-30 cm. Lower leaf 40-70 x 25-70 mm, the upper much smaller, both elliptical- to triangular-ovate, cordate at base. Flowers many, yellowish-green, shortly pedicellate, in a spike up to 10 cm. Perianth-segments convergent or slightly divergent, campanulate; outer oblong, obtuse, slightly concave; inner slightly larger, rhombic, obtuse. Labellum ovate-oblong, green; lobes linear- lanceolate, obtuse, the middle somewhat larger. Spur saccate, obtuse, slightly dorsally compressed. Shady places. S. &amp; C. Portugal, S. W. Spain; N. Sardegna. Hs Lu Sa. (N. Africa; Madeira, Isias Canarias.)

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aid Dependency and Political Settlements in Afghanistan

Afghanistan is highly aid dependent. Aid dependency is defined as when aid comprises around 10% of GDP and when in the absence of aid the state fails to perform many of its core functions (Bizhan, 2018b, p. 1016). The World Bank (2018) estimates that international aid currently comprises 40% of Afghanistan’s GDP. Afghanistan is dependent on international aid to maintain state functions (Strand et al., 2017, p. 46). Donors have warned the Afghan government that aid levels will decline in the future. Aid levels are expected to approximately halve by 2030 (reducing from 40% of GDP to 20%). There is consensus in the literature that Afghanistan is aid dependent and also that it is sensitive to changes in international aid. For example, analysts agree that the slowdown in economic growth in 2013-2015 was due to the combination of declining international aid, the drawdown of international forces and the 2014 Presidential election. The literature reviewed for this report agrees that continuing international aid is needed to protect the gains made in Afghanistan since 2002. This is due to the low resilience of the Afghan state, which makes its economy and political system highly sensitive to shocks. Afghanistan is a fragile state and a number of reforms would be needed to help the state move towards self-reliance. However, literature searches for this report were unable to identify any projections concerning the minimum level of international aid needed to sustain the state’s ability to function.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Meshless Solution of 2D Fluid Flow Problems by Subdomain Variational Method Using MLPG Method With Radial Basis Functions (RBFs)

This paper deals with the solution of two-dimensional fluid flow problems using the truly meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method. The present method is a truly meshless method based only on a number of randomly located nodes. Radial basis functions (RBF) are employed for constructing trial functions in the local weighted meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method for two-dimensional transient viscous fluid flow problems. No boundary integration is needed, no element matrix assembly is required and no special treatment is needed to impose the essential boundary conditions due to satisfaction of kronecker delta property in RBFs. Three different radial basis functions (RBFs), i.e. Multiquadrics (MQ), Gaussian (EXP) and Thin Plate Splines (TPS) are examined and the selection of their shape parameters is studied based on closed-form solutions. The effect of quadrature domain size is also studied. The variational method is used for the development of discrete equations. The results are obtained for a two-dimensional model problem using three RBFs and compared with the results of finite element and exact methods. Results show that the proposed method is highly accurate and possesses no numerical difficulties.

Topic: Numerical methods in engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of Malayaite Synthesis CaSnSiO&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;

In this work we have synthesized and characterized the sphene structure doped with chromium by different ways of synthesis like sol-gel, coprecipitation and ceramic method. At the same time, we have studied the influence on the introduction of different mineralizators as well as its stability and colour efficiency, when they are introduced as ceramic pigments in industrial glaze.

Topic: Pigment Synthesis and Properties
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comment on: Ellervik et al. Elevated Transferrin Saturation and Risk of Diabetes: Three Population-Based Studies. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2256–2258

I read with fascination the article by Ellervik et al. (1) demonstrating the increased risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with elevated transferrin saturation levels. In accord with this, I previously reported significantly increased levels of total hemoglobin concentration in individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (2). Others have shown significantly higher androgen levels in both males and females with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic controls (3). Androgens have a direct stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis. I agree with Ellervik et al. that very high iron concentrations may cause destruction of pancreatic β-cells in a nonautoimmune manner. However, I propose that other factors may …

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Kinetics of short contact time coal liquefaction. Part II: Effect of nature of coal and solvent

Abstract A bituminous coal (Powhatan No. 5) and a subbituminous coal (Belle Ayr) were liquefied in the presence of hydrogen donor solvents. Statistical analyses of the data showed that for contact times up to 10 min, the coal conversion, measured in terms of tetrahydrofuran solubles, was not significantly different for the two coals. However, the subbituminous coal gave more asphaltenes than the bituminous coal. The hydrogen‐donating capacity of the solvent was varied by the addition of hydrogenated phenanthrene to SRC‐II recycle solvent. The results indicated that there are two routes for the formation of oils from coal. One is by adduct formation giving asphaltenes and preasphaltenes, which in turn gives oils, and the other is direct oil formation from coal. The preferred route depends on the hydrogen‐donating capacity of the solvent. The kinetic model, proposed in Part I of this paper, is extended to account for the change in the donor capacity of the solvent.

Topic: Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SELECTIVE CONDITIONS AND ISOLATION OF MUTANTS IN SALT‐TOLERANT, LIPID‐PRODUCING MICROALGAE<sup>1</sup>

ABSTRACT Suitable conditions for the isolation and selection of generic markers were determined by testing the growth of nine axenic strains of lipid‐producing algae (representatives of Bacillariophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, and Chlorophyceae) under a variety of conditions. Mixotrophic, heterotrophic, or anaerobic growth on twenty different carbon compounds was determined. In addition, ten different carbon compounds was determined. In addition, ten different nitrogen‐containing compounds were supplied as the sole nitrogen source to ascertain which of these could be utilized. Resistances to various antibiotics and herbicides were also assessed. The algae utilized a variety of compounds as their sole nitrogen source, and some species also grew heterotrophically or mixotrophically on a variety of carbon compounds. This suggests that the algae are not only able to transport these compounds into the cell but that the biochemical pathways necessary for their utilization are present and could be targeted for mutagenesis. Anaerobic growth was not possible on any of the photosystem II inhibitors diuron and atrazine and the 70S ribosome inhibitors erythromycin and streptomycin. However, the diatoms were insensitive to spectinomycin and sulfometuron methyl. Information about drug sensitivities permitted the selection of drug resistant mutants. Mutagenized cultures produced colonies when plated on media containing drug concentrations that were growth‐inhibiting for wild‐type cultures. Mutations were recovered in Monoraphidium, Nannochloropsis and Navicula species.

Topic: Algal biology and biofuel production
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Retinoblastoma and Chromosome Abnormality

A 7-year-old girl with retarded physical and mental development was found, on chromosome determination, to have deletion of a segment of the long arm of chromosome 13 (13 q—). A precise chromosome identification was made on peripheral leukocytes by using a quinacrine banding technique. Because of previous reports of an association of the 13 q—chromosomal abnormality with retinoblastoma, an ophthalmologic examination was carried out. The patient was found to have bilateral microphthalmia, and multifocal, moderately well-differentiated retinoblastoma in the left eye.

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Beyond Schools: Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Wazīrʼs (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity

In Beyond Schools: Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Wazīr's (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity, Damaris Wilmers provides the first extensive analysis of Ibn al-Wazīr's thought and its role in the "Sunnisation of the Zaydiyya", emphasizing its significance for conflicts between schools of thought and law beyond the Yemeni context. Contrasting Ibn al-Wazīr's works with those of his Zaydi contemporary Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā b. al-Murtaḍā, Damaris Wilmers offers a study of a number of heretofore unedited texts from 9th/15th century Yemen when Zaydi identity was challenged by an increasing theological and legal diversity. She shows how Ibn al-Wazīr, who has been classed with different schools, actually de-emphasized school affiliation and developed an integrative approach based on a unique theory of knowledge.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences