jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LACTEL: a cosmic-ray detector in the Lac Léman

The LACTEL project proposes the development of a Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) for cosmic electron and gamma-ray observations, through the study of Extensive Air Showers (EAS). It aims to improve gamma-ray and electron observations above 10 TeV, suppressing the hadron background through muon tagging. Additionally, the project will also serve as a multidisciplinary platform for optical water property studies and luminous phenomena in alpine lakes. The detector consists of several light-tight water tanks floating on the lake. Each tank accommodates a photomultiplier tube to detect the Cherenkov light produced by the charged particles of the showers. The elementary cell of such a detector is composed of two stacked tanks: the upper one serves as a conventional WCD to detect the shower electromagnetic component, the lower one acts as a muon and hadron detector. Repurposed optical modules from the ANTARES neutrino detector, decommissioned in 2022, will be used. Two water tank prototypes have been installed in the Lac Léman, within the LéXPLORE research platform. The LACTEL scientific purpose, design, and results of the first prototype tests will be presented in this contribution.

Topic: Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
OPTIMIZATION OF A CLAY-SLATE FLUIDIZED BED DRYER FOR PRODUCTION OF FISH FEED

For feed producers who suffer from high intolerance to production costs, the only way to cope with the condition is to avoid devices that drive up costs. Extruded feed processed from a clay-slate dryer through a fluidized bed could be used to make fish feed. The aim of the study was optimise the process conditions on the clay-slate fluidized bed dryer operating at a commercial production of fish feed using the response surface methodology. The fish feed composition were processed at bed height (50-200 mm), drying air temperature (60–120°C), airflow velocity (0.66-0.70 m/s), drying time (10–90 min) and extrudates size (4–8 mm). Product quality parameters such as moisture ratio and dryer efficiency were determined and analyzed. Second-order polynomial equations, containing all the process variables, were used to measured process. Moisture ratio was influenced mostly by linear relationship temperature and drying time. The temperature and the quadratic temperature conditions significantly affected the efficiency of the dryer. For the fluidized bed drying of extruded fish feed, optimal conditions were set for the bed height of 185.76 mm, a temperature of 97.2°C, an air flow rate of 0.67, a drying time of 65.36 min and an extrudate size of 7.40 mm recommended. At these conditions the moisture ratio and efficiency were 0.86 and 74.39, respectively. The influence of the various components of the fluidized bed dryer on the drying rate must be better understood so that control systems can be developed to take full advantage of this technology.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The impossible fairytale or resistance to the real

Whether they desire it or not, people with disabilities are frequently the objects of stares – yet they are not represented in most images about daily life. Companies and solo performers working with disabilities challenge the viewer to engage with their work in a way that encourages a different perception, one that avoids confusing disability with deficiency. Back to Back’s work offers a vital challenge to such perceptions and the spectatorly unease that their productions induce ruptures the theatrical experience for audiences accustomed to the established orthodoxies of western theatre. In western countries, actor training is predominantly focused around the concept of “the neutral body”. This neutral body is the ideal state upon which to build a character whose inner life is revealed by the actor’s emphasis upon physical features such as posture, gesture and gait. Via the body, the emotions, and even the moral core, of their character can apparently be read. The company’s 2012 production, “Ganesh and the Third Reich” evokes the pathologising gaze of Nazi eugenicist Joseph Mengeles and challenges the spectator, perhaps also predisposed to attribute a perceived deficiency, to reconsider conventional casting and narratives that have commonly placed disabled people at the margins of the theatre – not at the centre.

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Relation between quantum probe and entanglement in n-qubit systems within Markovian and non-Markovian environments

We address in detail the process of parameter estimation for an n-qubit system dissipating into a cavity in which the qubits are coupled to the single-mode cavity field via coupling constant g which should be estimated. In addition, the cavity field interacts with an external field considered as a set of continuum harmonic oscillators. We analyse the behaviour of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for both weak and strong coupling regimes. In particular, we show that in strong coupling regime, the memory effects are dominant, leading to an oscillatory variation in the dynamics of the QFI and consequently information flowing from the environment to the quantum system. We show that when the number of the qubits or the coupling strength rises, the oscillations, signs of non-Markovian evolution of the QFI, increase. This indicates that in the strong-coupling regime, increasing the size of the system or the coupling strength remarkably enhances the reversed flow of information. Moreover, we find that it is possible to retard the QFI loss during the time evolution and therefore enhance the estimation of the parameter using a cavity with a larger decay rate factor. Furthermore, analysing the dynamics of the QFI and negativity of the probe state, we reveal a close relationship between the entanglement of probes and their capability for estimating the parameter. It is shown that in order to perform a better estimation of the parameter, we should avoid measuring when the entanglement between the probes is maximized.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Salt-Tolerant and Thermostable Glutaminases of<i>Cryptococcus</i>Species Form a New Glutaminase Family

Genes encoding salt-tolerant and thermostable glutaminases were isolated from Cryptococcus species. The glutaminase gene, CngahA, from C. nodaensis NISL-3771 was 2,052 bp in length and encoded a 684-amino acid protein. The gene, CagahA, from C. albidus ATCC20293 was 2,100 bp in length and encoded a 700-amino acid protein. These glutaminases showed 44% identity. By searches on public databases, we found that these glutaminases are not similar to any other characterized glutaminases, but are similar to certain hypothetical proteins. On searching the conserved domain with the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), it was found that they have the amidase domain and are members of the amidase signature superfamily. They were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their activity was detected on the cell surface. This study revealed that they are a new type of glutaminase with the amidase signature sequence, and that they form a new glutaminase family.

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The application of the CE regulation 402/13 and the quantitative evaluation of risk to the Italian Railway ‘SSC’ (supporting system for the driver) control command system

Proper hazard analysis and risk evaluation management are the main steps to define the safety requirements of a railway control command system aiming to protect trains from their physical constraints, the limits of the infrastructure they have to run on and the traffic constraints as they share the same infrastructure with other vehicles.After a short overview of the Italian national railway control command systems, the goal of this paper is to describe the approach adopted for providing the hazard analysis to the protection system named SSC (Supporting System for the Driver -Sistema di Supporto alla Condotta) with a special focus on the risk assessment phase where the quantitative evaluation of risk at system level was performed including human factor (particularly driver error).The applied methodology adheres to the European Commission Regulation 402/13 on the common safety method for risk evaluation and assessment, and it is in line with the CENELEC standards EN50126 and EN50129 valid for safety-related electronic systems for railway signalling and communication applications.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD NB1arm #131699.1

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
NMDS to Study Dead Wood Fungi Communities in Parks of New Jersey

Students use dead wood (saproxylic) fungi occurrence data from New Jersey, USA collected by students and faculty of Kean University to learn the basics of community ecology. Simple NMDS ordination and Jaccard index is performed using R. ...

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Iron Shims outside the Helium Vessel to Adjust Field Quality at High Fields

This paper describes the development and demonstration of a novel technique of adjusting measured field quality at the design field in superconducting magnets. The technique is based on placing iron shims of variable stack thicknesses, variable width and/or variable length on the outer surface of the stainless steel shell at strategic locations. Since the shims are placed outside the helium vessel, adjustments can be made without involving major operations such as opening the helium vessel. It is a simple and economical technique which is suitable for long magnets with a fast turn-around. This allows one to reduce field errors well beyond the normal construction errors. The technique has recently been successfully applied in two 3.8 T, 80 mm aperture, 9.45 m long dipoles. These magnets were built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the APUL project (Accelerator Project to Upgrade the LHC) as a part of US contribution to LHC. The paper will present the design, measurement and adaptation of this technique which, when used in combination with the coil shims, produced near zero sextupole harmonic at high fields and small harmonics throughout the range of operation.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bismuth(III) triflate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Diverse Biologically Relevant Heterocycles

Abstract Last decade has seen a tremendous applications of bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Bi(OTf) 3 ] as an efficient, cheap, environmentally benign, Lewis acidic catalyst for the various organic transformations. On the other hand heterocycles are very common in naturally occurring compounds and are the privileged structural subunit of many marketed drug molecules. The present review summarizes the applications of bismuth(III) triflate as a catalyst for the synthesis of diverse biologically relevant heterocycles reported so far.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermomechanical characteristics of flax-woven-fabric-reinforced poly(lactic acid) and polypropylene biocomposites

Flax is a prominent natural fiber used in biodegradable and sustainable polymeric biocomposites as reinforcement material. The prime objective of this research was to fabricate, characterize and compare flax-woven-fabric-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) with different directions (lengthwise and cross-wise) by using hot-press technology. Tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, thickness swelling and water absorbency tests were carried out to assess the physical and mechanical performance of the composites. The flax/PLA composites exhibited the highest tensile strength (128.6 MPa) in the lengthwise direction, whereas flax/PP showed the lowest tensile strength in the cross-wise direction (90.69 MPa). Flax/PP had the highest flexural strength (53.80 MPa) in the lengthwise direction, although flax/PLA (lengthwise) provided the maximum bending modulus (40.809 MPa). Moreover, scanning electron micrographs were also investigated to observe the appearance of the matrix for flax/PLA and flax/PP composites before and after applying tensile loads. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated successful lamination of flax woven fabrics with the thermoplastic polymers (PLA and PP). Thermogravimetric investigation showed enhanced thermal stability of the produced biocomposites.

Topic: Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>THE BALLAD DANCE OF THE FAEROESE: ISLAND BIOCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY IN AN AGE OF GLOBALISATION</i>

ABSTRACT Boundary issues are central to globalisation – the expansion and time‐space integration of human societies – and to both biological and cultural diversity. The latter are, in turn, intrinsically related in processes of coevolution that generate change in the patchwork quilt of cultural and natural landscapes. These processes are especially discernible in small island societies. This paper argues that island studies can enhance our understanding of globalisation processes and how these are involved in the displacement of boundaries and the historically unprecedented decline in both biological and cultural diversity.

Topic: Island Studies and Pacific Affairs
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DNA synthesis during male meiotic prophase in the rat

DNA synthesis in different stages of the male meiotic prophase of the rat was studied by autoradiography after incubation of small segments of isolated seminiferous tubules with tritiated thymidine. Compared to incubation of cell suspensions, this technique gives the advantage that the physiological contacts between different cells are preserved, which diminishes the damage of the cells and their DNA. In addition, the recognition accuracy of the meiotic stages is increased as the morphology of the developing acrosomes can be used as an additional criterium for identification of the stages of the spermatogenic epithelial cycle. Highest synthetic rate was found in the mid-pachytene spermatocytes, while moderate or low rate was observed in leptotene, zygotene, early pachytene, late pachytene and diplotene stages.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with different molecular-targeted drugs: A population-based retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Objectives We compared the incidences of four opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with molecular-targeted drugs from big claims data. Materials and Methods We identified 205,906 patients with RA who were prescribed molecular-targeted drugs in 2010–17 from the National Database of Japan and calculated the incidence of four OIs (Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster). Results The total number of Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster patients with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib treatment history in RA was 765, 1158, 834, and 18,336, respectively. The incidence rates of each OI for all biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were 0.14, 0.14, 0.09, and 2.40 per 100 person-years, respectively, while for tofacitinib they were 0.22, 0.22, 0.07, and 7.00 per 100 person-years. No big difference was observed among biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. All OIs showed higher incidence in those &amp;gt;65 years, but Pneumocystis pneumonia, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster showed no difference between those 65–74 years old and those &amp;gt;75 years old. The median of occurrence was the third, seventh, ninth, and thirteenth month after treatment, respectively. Conclusions We counted real incidence rates of OIs for the whole nation from big claims data.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Table S3 from Predicting Cancer Risk from Germline Whole-exome Sequencing Data Using a Novel Context-based Variant Aggregation Approach

&lt;p&gt;Table S3: AUCs of benchmark WES models using loss-of-function and missense variants.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Evolution of Hartmann's procedure. 249 interventions].

A retrospective study of 249 patients undergoing Hartmann's procedure over twenty-five years was undertaken to analyse the evolution of indications and results. Patients were divided into three time period groups: from 1969 to 1978, 1979 to 1990 and 1991 to 1994. Mean age was 68 years old. Major indications were complicated diverticular disease (42.9%), colo-rectal malignancies (35.7%) and ischemic colitis (14%). Operative mortality is 10.8%, higher in ischemic colitis (20%) than in complicated diverticulitis (6.5%) and cancer (13.4%). Overall morbidity has significantly reduced, from 65.51% to 17.24%. General complications have changed a little, while local and/or inherent operative complications have reduced from 22.4% to 1.72. Restoration of colorectal continuity was done in 59.54% of patients, increasing from 36% to 71% during the three periods. This is variable depending on initial disease: 92% in diverticular disease, 69% in ischemic colitis but remains stable for carcinoma at 33%. Overall mortality since 1981 is 2.5% and morbidity is 19.13%. Mean Hospital stay was 20 days for the initial operation and 15 days for secondary restoration of colorectal continuity. Hartmann's procedure is well indicated as emergency surgery in colonic perforations, abscessus and ischemia. Progressive improvement of its results is essentially due to persistent attention to indications and technical details.

Topic: Diverticular Disease and Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crystal growth and characterization of PbI2-AgI binary system

The crystals of the binary system PbI2-AgI (PIAI) were obtained by heating the mixture of individual PbI2 (PI) and AgI (AI) placed at 30° angle in the horizontal tubular furnace of variable temperature zone. The crystals were characterized by powder XRD, TG/DTA, FT-IR and SEM. The 3.37% weight loss in the sample after heating at 853 K is due to the presence of water molecules absorbed (3446 cm–1) by the crystals during sintering and cooling process. The cell parameters of the crystal were determined using the powder X-ray data. The PbI2-AgI crystallizes in monoclinic system a = 10.799 (±0.009), b = 7.492 (±0.004), c = 6.929(±0.004) Å and α = 90°, β = 108.04(±0.073) γ = 90°, V = 533.18 Å3. The electrical conductivity measurements of the crystals showed a sudden change in the current value at the temperature range 385–393 K. The activation energy before and after the drift was found to be 0.49 and 0.35 eV respectively. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Explanatory Reports as a Means to Understand theLegislator-court Dialogue

This paper focuses on the theoretical assumption that there
exists a constant dialogue between the legislator and
individual courts concerning the form and application of legal
rules. The legislator adopts a rule with certain intention and
with the more or less accurate prediction of its application.
The courts however use various methods of interpretation of
these rules and the historical one focusing mostly on the
intention of the legislator is only one of them. The paper
points out selected situations in the Czech law within the last
few years, concerning the existence of the legislator-court
dialogue and tries to delimit the character of arguments used
in legislative history, or explanatory reports, to influence
the court to see the rule and the area it governs in the way
the legislator does and persuade it to see these views as
decisive ones. Using the legislative history (or the
explanatory reports) as a means to understand the dialogue may
prove interesting from various points of view. The legislative
history, or explanatory reports, is used amongst the first
means to understand the intention of the legislator. However,
this paper shows that in certain cases it is not only a kind of
non-binding literature, but in certain cases it is more of a
literary fiction that anything which should be even considered
as normatively binding. Analysis of a draft of a rule and its
explanatory report along with the study of theory of legal
interpretation (and also legal argumentation and case law) can
actually answer the question how successful the legislator is
in his presumptions about the courts usage of the specific
rules and moreover, whether there actually exist the
legislator-court dialogue in the Czech legal environment in the
first place.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[DNA diagnosis of mixed invasions of Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis by polymerase chain reaction].

Opisthorchiasis is one of the significant naturofocal diseases in Russia. The diagnosis of opisthorchiasis may mask some diseases, such as opisthorchiasis, metorchiasis, and clonorchiasis - biohelminthoses that are induced by various representatives of the family Opisthorchiidae-Opisthorchis felineus/O.viverrini, Metorchis bilis, and Clonorchis sinensis, respectively. Coproovoscopy and serologic methods fail to accurately define the species-specific affiliation; in this connection the identification of opisthorchids, by using DNA diagnostic techniques, becomes urgent. The present paper gives the results of development of DNA diagnosticum, which differentiates parasitic diseases induced by O. felineus and M. bills. The ribosomal RNA gene cluster fragment incorporating internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was used as a diagnostic marker. A system for diagnosing opisthorchiasis was developed as a multiplex polymerase chain analysis and tested on 37 patients infected with various species of opisthorchids.

Topic: Zoonotic diseases and public health
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences