jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic hepatitis C treatment in a cystic fibrosis patient in the pulmonary pre-transplant stage Tratamiento de hepatitis crónica C en un paciente con fibrosis quística en situación de pretrasplante pulmonar

The standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C, pegylated interferon and ribavirin (pegI/R), has many limitations in both effectiveness and secondary effects, which makes it unsuitable or even contraindicated for some patients. In hepatitis C virus-infected cystic fibrosis patients this treatment could increase respiratory infections with subsequent pulmonary function deterioration. On the contrary, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may make lung transplant (LT) unfeasible. We present the case of a cystic fibrosis-young man diagnosed with HCV infection during LT assessment who was treated with pegI/R. In spite of the lung function worsening and respiratory infections, he managed to complete treatment and even sustained virological response (SVR). At present he is on LT waiting list.<br>El tratamiento estándar de la hepatitis crónica C, interferón pegilado (INF-peg) y ribavirina (RBV), puede ser inadecuado o incluso estar contraindicado en algunos pacientes debido a sus limitaciones en cuanto a eficacia y efectos adversos. En pacientes con fibrosis quística infectados por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) el tratamiento antiviral podría aumentar las infecciones respiratorias con el consiguiente empeoramiento de la función pulmonar. Por contra, la infección por VHC podría desestimar a estos pacientes para un necesario trasplante pulmonar. Presentamos el caso de un varón con fibrosis quística diagnosticado de infección VHC durante su evaluación previa al trasplante pulmonar. El paciente fue tratado con INF-peg y RBV. A pesar del empeoramiento en la función pulmonar y numerosas infecciones respiratorias intercurrentes, logró completar el tratamiento y obtener respuesta viral sostenida, encontrándose actualmente en lista de espera.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study of the Subcooled Flow Region of a Capillary Tube-Suction Line Heat Exchanger

A theoretical and experimental study of the subcooled flow region of a capillary tube that transfers heat to a suction line through a soldered connection is presented. The capillary tube is a small diameter tube that acts as an expansion device between the condenser and evaporator in a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The suction line, which is considerably larger, connects the evaporator outlet to the compressor inlet. The experimental study consisted of performing experimental tests on an actual capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger using a specially constructed laboratory test facility. Experimental data, taken over a range of subcooled inlet conditions, were analyzed and also used to verify a theoretical model. The theoretical study consisted of deriving a numerical model that is capable of predicting the capillary tube pressure and temperature, the tube wall temperature, and the suction-line fluid temperature along the length of the heat exchanger. Since the model is the solution to an initial value (in space) and propagation problem, known conditions are required at one end of the heat exchanger, which in this case corresponded to the capillary tube inlet side. This subcooled flow region model was based on an implicit numerical solution of four governing differential equations that were derived from momentum and energy balances performed on three different differential control volumes.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Single photon optical bistability

We investigate the bistability in a small Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with the optical wavelength size cavity, the nonlinear Kerr medium and only a few photons, on average, excited by the external quantum field. Analytical expressions for the stationary mean photon number, the bistability domain, the field and the photon number fluctuation spectra are obtained. Multiple stationary states of the FPI cavity field with different spectra are possible at realistic conditions, for example, in the FPI with the photonic crystal cavity and the semiconductor-doped glass nonlinear medium.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combined supplementation with <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp. and <i>Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum</i> isolated from Tibetan pigs improves growth performance, immunity, and microbiota composition in weaned piglets

Abstract Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, promote growth in piglets by modulating gut microbiota composition and improving the host immune system. A strain of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum were previously isolated from fresh feces of Tibetan pigs. The effects of these isolated strains on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity, microbiota composition, and their metabolites were evaluated in weaned piglets. Thirty crossbred piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with aureomycin (ANT), or a basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum (LB) for 28 d. The piglets in the ANT and LB groups had significantly higher body weight gain than those in the CON group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Piglets in the ANT and LB groups had regularly arranged villi and microvilli in the small intestine. Furthermore, they had improved immune function, as indicated by decreased serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (P &amp;lt; 0.05), improved components of immune cells in the blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing indicated a significant shift in cecal bacterial composition and alterations in microbiota functional profiles following Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum supplementation. Metabolomic results revealed that the metabolites were also altered, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that several significantly altered metabolites were enriched in glycerophospholipid and cholesterol metabolism (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that several bacterial members were closely related to the alterations in metabolites, including Bacteroides sp., which were negatively correlated with triglyceride (16:0/18:0/20:4[5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z]), the metabolite that owned the highest variable importance of projection scores. Collectively, our findings suggest that combined supplementation with Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum significantly improved the growth performance, immunity, and microbiota composition in weaned piglets, making them prospective alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Color lines: image specific color representation.

The problem of deciding whether two pixels in an image have the same real world color is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Many color spaces are used in different applications for discriminating color from intensity to create an informative representation of color. The major drawback of all of these representations is that they assume no color distortion. In practice the colors of real world images are distorted both in the scene itself and in the image capturing process. In this work we introduce color lines, an image specific color representation that is robust to color distortion and provides a compact and useful representation of the colors in a scene.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and Renal Transplantation: Focus on Adverse Effects

A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly utilized in renal transplantation as induction therapy (a period of intense immunosuppression immediately before and following the implant of the allograft), to treat steroid-resistant acute rejections, to decrease the incidence and mitigate effects of delayed graft function, and to allow immunosuppressive minimization. Additionally, in the last few years, their use has been proposed for the treatment of chronic antibody-mediated rejection, a major cause of late renal allograft loss. Although the exact mechanism of immunosuppression and allograft tolerance with any of the currently used induction agents is not completely defined, the majority of these medications are targeted against specific CD proteins on the T or B cells surface (e.g., CD3, CD25, CD52). Moreover, some of them have different mechanisms of action. In particular, eculizumab, interrupting the complement pathway, is a new promising treatment tool for acute graft complications and for post-transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome. While it is clear their utility in renal transplantation, it is also unquestionable that by using these highly potent immunosuppressive agents, the body loses much of its innate ability to mount an adequate immune response, thereby increasing the risk of severe adverse effects (e.g., infections, malignancies, haematological complications). Therefore, it is extremely important for clinicians involved in renal transplantation to know the potential side effects of monoclonal antibodies in order to plan a correct therapeutic strategy minimizing/avoiding the onset and development of severe clinical complications.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dynamics of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Patterns in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Grown Under Elevated CO2

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh; Fabaceae) is an important food legume crop of equatorial and semi-arid parts of the world. Our two years consecutive study on a short duration cultivar of pigeonpea (ICPL 15011) grown under enriched CO2 conditions (open top chambers; 550 μmolmol-1) showed significantly high net photosynthetic rates (A') and foliar carbohydrate content (36% and 43% respectively) which further manifested in dry biomass at harvest, with an increment of 29% over the ambient plants. Also, in vivo carboxylation efficiency was increased by 24.6% suggesting the absence of Rubisco limitation. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, as indicated by Fv/Fm and Fv'/Fm' ratios, justified enhanced photosystem II efficiency. Mass and number of nodules exhibited prodigious accretion in elevated CO2 grown plants showing 58% increase in nodule mass ratio (NMR) which directly correlated with A'. Stem and root anatomy showed an increase in the number and diameter of xylem vessels in high CO2 grown plants. An increased phloem cross sectional area in high CO2 grown pigeonpea suggested better mobility of sugars from leaf to root and subsequently to a greater sink capacity in the form of root nodules. Ultrastructure of nodule revealed the distribution of bacterial colonies in the infected zone of nodule. Further, growth under high CO2 extended life cycle of Pigeonpea with delayed flowering and pod setting by nine days. The results demonstrated a developmental reprogramming in pigeonpea due to lack of photosynthetic acclimation and increased carbohydrate - nitrogen reserves which were associated with varied vegetative and reproductive growth patterns under elevated CO2. Our study clearly suggest that the predicted future elevated CO2 atmosphere favour pigeonpea to sequester more atmospheric CO2 and N2 resulting better economic yields under natural habitats.

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Feasibility of a Modified SCC Method With and Without Combining the Use of PGA Sheets and Fibrin Glue for Preventing Delayed Bleeding After Gastric ESD

<title>Abstract</title> <bold><italic>Background: </italic></bold>Some methods have been developed for preventing delayed bleeding (DB) after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (GESD). However, none of the methods can completely prevent DB. We hypothesized that DB can be prevented by a modified the search, coagulation, and clipping (MSCC) method for patients at low risk of DB and by combining the use of PGA sheets and fibrin glue with the MSCC method (PMSCC method) for patients at high risk of DB (anti-bleeding [ABI] strategy). In this study, the technical feasibility of this novel strategy was assessed.<bold><italic>Methods: </italic></bold>We investigated 123 lesions in 121 consecutive patients who underwent GESD in Kushiro Rosai Hospital between April 2018 and January 2020. The decision for continuation or cessation of antithrombotic agents was based on the Guidelines for Gastroenterological Endoscopy in Patients Undergoing Antithrombotic Treatment.<bold><italic>Results:</italic></bold> Oral antithrombotic agents were administered to 28 patients (22.8%). En bloc R0 resection rate was 98.4%. The MSCC method and PMSCC method for preventing were performed in 114 and 9 lesions, respectively. The median time of the MSCC method was 16 min and the median speed was 3.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/10min. The median time of the PMSCC method was 59 min and the median speed was 1.3 cm<sup>2</sup>/10min. The only delayed procedural adverse event was DB in one (0.8%) of the 123 lesions. <bold><italic>Conclusions:</italic></bold> The ABI strategy is feasible for preventing DB in patients at low risk and high risk of DB after GESD, whereas the PMSCC method may be necessary for reduction of time.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
From DOC to COC

China and the ASEAN countries have made two attempts to establish a rule-based order to manage the situation relating to the South China Sea issues. The first was the negotiations process leading to the signing of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in 2002 and the second is the current consultation process to reach a Code of Conduct (COC). The DOC has shown the collective commitment of the relevant parties to the peaceful settlement of disputes and contributed to promoting dialogue among the signatories of the DOC. With new developments in the South China Sea, a demand for an upgrade version of the rules of behaviour motivated the current consultation process among the 11 signatories of the DOC to reach a COC at an early stage. Since its re-initiation in September 2013, the COC consultation process has progressed steadily to reach a Single Draft Negotiation Text in June 2018. However, further efforts are needed to overcome the existing challenges to reach an effective and substantive COC.

Topic: International Maritime Law Issues
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Primary Dural Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report

Primary dural lymphoma is a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma that arises from the dura mater. The majority of primary dural lymphomas are histologically mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. We present a rare case of a 78-year-old woman with primary dural lymphoma diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was admitted with status epilepticus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extra-axial mass lesion in the right parieto-occipital region, which enhanced homogeneously with contrast medium. To obtain a histopathological diagnosis, resection of the lesion involving the dura mater was performed. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We summarize the clinical characteristics of this unusual disease.

Topic: CNS Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cerebrovascular Carbon Dioxide Reactivity in Carotid Artery Disease

Comment Preoperative loss of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in 12 of 94 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy did not predict risk for intraoperative cerebral ischemia after carotid cross-clamping. In addition, none of the four patients in this study who developed new neurologic deficits postoperatively had impaired cerebrovascular reactivity preoperatively, although all four experienced intraoperative critical somatosensory-evoked potentials and/or transcranial Doppler sonography findings. By postoperative day 4, all 12 patients with impaired preoperative CO2 reactivity had normal cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transient Ischemic Attack After Foam Sclerotherapy in a Woman With a Patent Foramen Ovale

Abstract Sclerotherapy is an increasingly popular treatment modality for patients with chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Potential complications of foam sclerotherapy include cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who had a TIA shortly after undergoing foam sclerotherapy. She had presented for treatment with no confirmed risk factors for microemboli formation or thrombus. After the procedure, however, she had transient visual loss, dysarthria, confusion, and frontal headache, which resolved within 30 minutes of onset. A subsequent diagnosis of a patent foramen ovale was thought to have put her at risk for TIA in the setting of foam sclerotherapy. Osteopathic physicians should be aware of the potential for neurologic sequelae after foam sclerotherapy and inform patients prior to consent.

Topic: Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Long Term School Based Deworming against Soil-Transmitted Helminths Also Benefits the Untreated Adult Population: Results from a Community-Wide Cross Sectional Survey

Background . Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are a public health problem in Kenya. The primary control strategy for these infections is preventive chemotherapy (PC) delivered through school based deworming (SBD) programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the inclusion of other at-risk groups in the PC. The untreated groups in endemic areas have been shown to act as reservoirs for STH transmission. Few field based studies have focused on the possible benefits of SBD to the untreated groups in the community. This study sought to determine the levels of STH among all age groups in a community where SBD has been going on for more than 10 years. Methods . This was a cross sectional study where 3,292 individuals, ranging from 2 to 98 years, were enrolled. Stool samples were analyzed using duplicate Kato Katz thick smear technique for presence of STH eggs. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA software 14.0 (Stata corporation). Results . Out of the total 3,292 stool samples analyzed, only 13 were positive for any STH. Of these, 12 were infected with Trichuris trichiura and one case was of hookworm. There was no Ascaris lumbricoides infection detected . Of the 13 STH infections, seven of the infections were of school going age (6-18 years), 5 were of preschool age (&lt;6 years), and one was of adult age group (18&gt;). More male (61.5%) than female were infected with STH. Conclusion . This study shows very low prevalence of STH among all age groups in Mwea, suggesting that long term SBD may also be benefitting the untreated groups in the community and thus the potential to achieve STH elimination in such endemic areas.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
P233 Is routine blood monitoring for suppressive herpes treatment necessary?: Abstract P233 Table 1

<h3>Background</h3> There is no published evidence on the need for routine blood monitoring for people requiring daily oral acyclovir. Locally clinical practice differred between services. Dose reduction in moderate to severe renal impairment is recommended. Guidance for intravenous administration recommends measuring full blood count (FBC), renal (U&amp;E) and liver function (LFTs) periodically. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2013 we reviewed clinical notes coded for herpes suppression to establish whether BASHH and local standards were met for management of herpes suppression and routine blood monitoring. <h3>Results</h3> 41 cases were reviewed. 32 (73%) had baseline blood tests. Of these 6/32 (19%) had abnormal results: 2 raised LFTS, 2 low estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), 2 low neutrophils – all resolved on repeating except one with fluctuating neutropenia. 19/32 (47%) had bloods repeated at our service and additional 16% advised to attend GP. Only 1/19 (5%) had normal baseline bloods, low eGFR at one month, but normal at 2 months. <h3>Discussion</h3> 19% of those tested had blood abnormalities at baseline, but only 3% had on-going abnormalities likely affected by acyclovir. We recommend checking U&amp;E, LFT and FBC at baseline. If normal no further monitoring is needed. If mildy abnormal repeat but continue aciclovir. If significantly low eGFR, leucopenia or elevated LFTs either dose reduce or stop acyclovir and investigate.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Panel LM Unit-root Tests with Level Shifts

This paper proposes a new panel unit-root test based on the Lagrangian multiplier (LM) principle. We show that the asymptotic distribution of the new panel LM test is not affected by the presence of structural shifts. This result holds under a mild condition that N/T → k, where k is any finite constant. Our simulation study shows that the panel LM unit-root test is not only robust to the presence of structural shifts, but is more powerful than the popular Im, Pesaran and Shin (IPS) test. We apply our new test to the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis and find strong evidence for PPP. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ekstrak buah kaktus pir berduri menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, dan Candida albicans Extract of cactus prickly pear inhibits the growing of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans

The study aimed to determine the effect of prickly pear cactus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The laboratory experimental study using diffusion method. Theconcentration of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract used was 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, whereas bacterial samplesderived from the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin. The observation ofseveral concentrations showed a decrease in the number of colonies contained S.aureus, S.mutans, C.albicanssignificant with increasing concentrations of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract. From these observations, thelargest inhibitory concentration present in a concentration of 100%. The conclusion is the fruit of the prickly pearcactus extract can inhibit the growth of S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans. The higher the concentration of theextract, the more reduced the growth of S.aureus colonies, S.mutans, and C.albicans and vice versa.

Topic: Psidium guajava Extracts and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences