jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pasture Intake on the Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds in Dairy Cow Milk

The use of pasture grazing systems offers a means to improve feed self-sufficiency and reduce labor for dairy farmers. Consumers also are interested in milk and dairy products obtained from cows on pasture-based diets. However, little is known about the difference between milk obtained from grazing cows and general milk obtained from cows on an indoor feeding system. There is almost no information about the flavor constituents, whereas many studies have been conducted on such characteristics as the fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acids, and carotenoids of milk from grazing cows. In this review, we describe studies that have characterized the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in milk and our investigations on the effects of pasture intake on VOCs in milk. The VOC, 1-phytene has been used to characterize milk from grazing cows as there is a strong positive correlation between pasture intake and the concentration of 1-phytene in milk. In addition, milk from cows in a grazing system can be distinguished from that of animals in an indoor feeding system using the levels of 1-phytene, γ-dodecalactone, 2-phytene, neophytadiene, and δ-dodecalactone.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sonographic features of uterine leiomyomas: analysis of 41 proven cases.

The relative frequencies of the different sonographic features and patterns of uterine leiomyomas have been examined by prospective and retrospective analyses of the sonograms in 41 proven cases. The original sonographic reports correctly predicted the presence of myomas in 27/45 studies (sensitivity = 60 per cent). Retrospective analyses of the sonograms revealed abnormalities in 32/41 patients (sensitivity = 78 per cent). Most myomatous uteri had two or more sonographic abnormalities, most frequently uterine contour irregularity (76 per cent), altered echo texture (68 per cent) and/or enlargement (66 per cent). Minimal contour irregularity at the interface between the uterus and the bladder deserves emphasis as a subtle diagnostic sign of leiomyoma. Careful attention to the uterus in examining a patient referred for an adnexal mass should improve the diagnostic accuracy of myoma detection by sonography.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sampling from a suction induced mini-erosion in human skin. Methodological studies.

Dermal interstitial fluid (IF) was extracted serially and painlessly by brief suction for as long as 6 days. The erosion was otherwise kept occluded, Sample volumes exceded those required for measuring a wide range of biological substances. Epidermal regeneration was rapid. Glucose concentrations in IF and plasma, measured in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects for as long as 6 days were closely correlated over a wide range of values. During oral glucose tolerance tests on days 1 and 3 after forming the erosion, the IF OGTT curves for glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate and glycerol were very similar to plasma. IF lactate curves were higher than in plasma, reflecting glycolytic activity , whereas insulin curves were lower, reflecting vascular permeability. A potential is suggested for clinical sampling of glucose in subjects with diabetes mellitus, and for experimental monitoring of dermal metabolism. The IF concentration of plasma proteins (size range 6-720 kDa) measured in IF on day 1 in healthy volunteers was consistent with findings obtained with other techniques. From day 2 to 5, the sample fluid reflected a steady state of increased permeability induced by mild inflammation. IF samples extracted on day 1 using greater negative pressure had lower protein concentrations than those extracted at lower pressure, indicating an increased water fraction and an intact sieve function of the vascular wall. The differences were less pronounced on days 2-5. Extraction volumes were dependent on the extraction pressure on all days. The findings indicate the usefulness of the technique for clinical experimental purposes.

Topic: Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Providing flexible authorization for shared group spaces by the attribute registration system

We add flexibility to the authorization with Shibboleth by featuring a system managing additional attributes. The system offers an interface and a database to privileged administrators. When any temporary groups or projects are created, a proper set of users are assigned to them without modifying the IdP backends.

Topic: Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A SIMPLE LARGE-SIGNAL NONLINEAR MODEL FOR ZERO-CURRENT-SWITCH QUASI-RESONANT BUCK CONVERTERS

A large-signal nonlinear model for zero-current-switch quasi-resonant buck converters is presented. The derivation is simple and the results are accurate even for large-signal operation. Such a model can be used for the analysis and simulation of the switching converter, no matter in open-loop or in closed-loop, with fast speed. The condition for zero-current switching can also be identified from this model.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
iDesign: intelligent design for service innovation underlying symbiosis

This paper begins with the presentation of a service classification with two dimensions – continuity of coproduction and mutual adaptability, which define the four-category service systems served as a new reference architecture of service system design. The purpose of iDesign is to propose semi-automated value coproduction and systematic service innovation through the system awareness of ecological symbiosis. Namely, this paper proposes a methodology for service system design based on the symbiosis concepts, and the four-category service systems are characterised by the benefit-exchange properties of symbiosis (among the interactions and relationships between providers and customers during value coproduction). Meanwhile, this paper outlines a service performance evaluation model (in consideration of service productivity and customer satisfaction) and subsequently specifies the goal performance criteria as required for the four-category service systems. Finally, three artwork design service systems are used to exemplify the ideas behind the methodology of symbiosis-based service system design.

Topic: Service and Product Innovation
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm wall stress analysis using patient-specific finite element modeling of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chapter Six. The Final Draft: Reception

Subcommission XIII was established during the general assembly of the SCUF in Buhl in August 1961. By November, 1961, subcommission XIII had put together a twenty-three page. The first part contains a status quaestionis on the topic at that time, and demonstrates a clear awareness that the main potential obstacle would be within the context of dialogue between Protestantism and the Roman Catholic Church. Part two of the text focuses on the Reformation and the Tridentine definition of the relationship between Scripture and Tradition. The third part sets forth a number of principles for a Catholic ecumenism and suggests, more importantly, that this still pending question should be left open. The schema gives priority to the idea that exegetes should be theologians, yet little exegetical insight appears to be demanded of theology and theologians.Keywords: Protestantism; Reformation; SCUF; Subcommission XIII; theology; Tridentine notion

Topic: Theology and Canon Law Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
How Film Mulch Increases the Corn Yield by Improving the Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Early Growing Period in a Cool, Semi-Arid Area

Film mulch increases the crop grain yield via topsoil moisture and temperature improvement in cool, semi-arid areas, but little is known about the role of the hydrological and thermic relationship between early and later crop growth seasons in the improving grain yield. We conducted a field experiment to compare polyethylene film mulching (PM) with no mulching (CK) in 2014 and 2015 on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Compared to CK, PM decreased evapotranspiration before the twelve-leaf stage (V12), but increased evapotranspiration after the V12 stage, and significantly increased the topsoil temperature before the six-leaf stage (V6) and the accumulation of soil growing degree days. Corn plants with PM treatment reached the V6 stage earlier, significantly enhancing the contemporary dry matter accumulation. The harvest index, 100-grain weight, and grain yield significantly increased in PM relative to CK in both years. The growing period to the whole growing season evapotranspiration ratio had a negative correlation with the grain yield before the V12 stage, but a positive correlation after the V12 stage. The grain yield had a negative correlation with the air growing degree days (GDDair) before the V6 stage, but positive correlation from silking to harvest. Conclusively, film mulch promoted the early development of maize via an increased soil temperature before the V6 stage, saved soil water before the V12 stage, resulted in a longer grain-filling period, and increased the GDDair and evapotranspiration during the grain-filling period, which is key to increasing the maize yield.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Do patterns of helminth parasitism differ between groups of wild-living cats in Scotland?

Differences in the prevalence and abundance of helminth parasites amongst host populations may result from variations in resistance to infection, differences in habitat preferences, diet or social behaviour. The use of helminth parasites as ‘ecological markers’ for determining differences between morphological groups of wild-living cats in Scotland was investigated, in light of the debate over the definition of a wildcat. The prevalence and abundance of the tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis did not differ significantly between cats designated as ‘wild’ and ‘feral’ types. The prevalence of both helminths was high (94% and 69%, respectively) and there was significant variation in worm abundance related to season and geographical area. Also, prevalence of infection with Toxocara cati was significantly higher in female cats. Cats which harboured large numbers of one worm species were also likely to harbour large numbers of the other. However, a possible relationship with cat condition was only found for T. taeniaeformis for which there was a significant negative correlation between an index of cat condition and worm abundance amongst ‘wild type’ cats, but not amongst ‘feral type’ cats. Variations in worm burdens could not be attributed to differences in the diet of the cats as there was no significant relationship between the presence of any individual prey type and either the presence or abundance of T. cati or T. taeniaeformis. There was a significant negative correlation between density and biomass of individual worms in infections of T. taeniaeformis, suggestive of a density-dependent constraint on tapeworm growth.

Topic: Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimization of the Low-Intensity Beam Extraction Mode at the Medical Synchrotron for Application in Proton Radiography and Tomography

Proton therapy is one of the rapidly developing types of radiation therapy for oncological diseases. The use of proton imaging, a method in which the relative stopping power for protons is reconstructed directly, can significantly increase the accuracy and effectiveness of the proton therapy. This paper demonstrates the results of experimental work that was carried out at the synchrotron of the Prometheus proton therapy complex. The optimization of the synchrotron operating mode with low-intensity beam extraction was done for proton radiography and tomography purposes. Data about key changes of the beam extraction parameters for low-particles flux, as well as low-intensity beam control methods, are described.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Les effets des lois de laïcisation et des lois laïques sur le patrimoine de l’Église catholique : l’exemple de l’Isère (1880-1951)

This thesis studies the patrimonial effects of the secularization during the Third Republic (1880-1940). It highlights the history of several freedoms and their defense, illustrating as well the means at the disposal of a State wishing to harm certain categories of individuals by its anticlerical policy, and the limits placed on political action by procedural guarantees and by the courts. This study covers both the congregational issue and the Separation between the State and the Catholic Church. It's a local study which is interested by the reception of the politic of secularization in Isère : how these laws were implemented and what were the (legal and non legal) strategies used by the various actors ?

Topic: Religious Tourism and Spaces
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bathya brevicarpus gen. et sp. nov. (Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Calliopiidae), from hydrothermal vents, Okinawa Trough, North-west Pacific

One individual referable to Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893 was collected from a chemically reduced habitat, the hydrothermal vent systems in Okinawa Trough, and was identified as a new genus and species belonging to this family after a morphological examination. A formal description of this new species and a discussion of the relationship of the new genus within Calliopiidae are presented.

Topic: Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANTITUMOR DRUG BASED ON THE GENE-MODIFIED VACCINIA VIRUS VV-GMCSF-Lact

Virotherapy, or therapy with oncolytic viruses, is one of the most rapidly developing approaches to the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. The article is devoted to the development and study of the properties of the first domestic drug based on recombinant vaccinia virus. The recombinant virus VV-GMCSF-Lact was engineered from Lister strain (L-IVP) vaccinia virus. The cytotoxic activity and antitumor efficacy of the virus against human tumor cells of various tissue origins were shown on cell cultures and tumor models. The drug has successfully passed preclinical studies as a drug against human breast cancer, including a triple negative phenotype. The drug was proven to be safe, well tolerated and pharmacologically effective. It is currently in Phase I clinical trials to study safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with relapsed and/or refractory metastatic breast cancer. VV-GMCSF-Lact is the first Russian antitumor oncolytic virus which received the permission from the Russian Ministry of Health to conduct clinical trials.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Capital Inflows and Economic Growth: Does the Role of Institutions Matter?

Abstract Recent evidence shows that institutions figure prominently in explaining the ‘Lucas paradox’. Using a threshold regression model, we extend this evidence to a situation where institutions index the relationship between foreign capital inflows and economic growth. We find strong and robust evidence that portfolio equity (including foreign direct investment) and debt inflows have positive effects on growth only in countries with high‐quality institutions. Countries that fall below the threshold level of institutional quality record either insignificant or negative effects. This paper provides a possible explanation on the so‐called Lucas paradox. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Globalization and Entrepreneurial Response in Post-Socialist Transformation: A Case Study from Transcarpathia, Ukraine

This paper sets out to examine the extent and characteristics of the globalization process in a region undergoing a process of socio-economic transformation. In doing so it draws upon the experience of an entrepreneurial, globally orientated, garment-making enterprise in Transcarpathia, the western most region of the Ukraine. The bulk of earlier scholarly research focused upon the consequences of the strategies implemented by multinational corporations. We argue, that this study points towards an alternative mode of integration in the global economy-one which received little attention in the Central and Eastern European context. This takes the form of a set of sub-contracting relationships between parent enterprises in Western Europe, intermediaries located in economies which achieved significant advances in the process of transformation (such as Hungary and Slovakia), and manufacturers in the locality.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Systemic acquired susceptibility caused by the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

The fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici Blotch (STB), a major threat to wheat production worldwide. Infection begins with a symptom-free and presumably biotrophic phase of fungal growth followed by a lifestyle switch to necrotrophic growth. We aimed to elucidate the nature of the symptom-free infection phase and the putative immune suppression during biotrophic fungal growth. In addition to wheat cultivars of varying STB susceptibility, we used different pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae bacteria to study the physiological responses and the extent of immune suppression in wheat caused by Z. tritici. During the biotrophic infection, we observed that non-adapted P. syringae strains were able to co-infect wheat. This effect was not limited to the fungal infection site but extends to adjacent and systemic leaf areas. In contrast, after Z. tritici infection of wheat cultivars with STB resistance genes, we observed systemic acquired resistance also towards adapted P. syringae strains. Using a plant metabolomics approach, we could confirm the fungus-mediated local and systemic resistance suppression during colonization of susceptible wheat. Our findings suggest that (I) virulent Z. tritici infections of wheat cause systemic acquired susceptibility allowing colonization by non-adapted phytopathogens and (II) the fungal infection impacts leaf microbiome dynamics.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Positive Effect of Social Support in the Relationship Between Emotion and Motivation of People in Science

This study explores the role of social support as a mediator in the relationship between self-emotional appraisal and motivation in people in science. It also examines the moderating role of self-deceptive enhancement in the relationship between self-emotional appraisal and social support. Survey responses from 6,943 people in science in Spain were analyzed (43% women), aged 20-96 (<i>M</i> = 48.8; <i>SD</i> = 9.94). Structural equation modeling was used to examine a moderated mediation model explaining the path between self-emotional appraisal and motivation. The analysis controlled for age, gender and organization type. The results show a positive link between self-emotional appraisal and motivation. Mediation by social support strengthens this link: For self-emotional appraisal to be effective, people in science need to feel others' support when tackling a problem. Moderation by self-deceptive enhancement strengthens the association of self-emotional appraisal with social support: The need to adapt one's self-image to others' expectations activates the pursuit of social support. The implications of self-emotional appraisal and social support for improving motivation are discussed, as is the role of self-deception in social support as perceived by people in science.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization of Engine System for Application of Biodiesel Fuel

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Application of biodiesel fuel (BDF) to diesel engine is very effective to reduce CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission, because biodiesel is carbon neutral in principle. However, biodiesels yield an increase in NOx emission from conventional diesel engine, compared with diesel fuel case. Therefore, some strategies are needed for meeting the future emission regulations when using biodiesel. In this study, rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) was applied to diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and NOx storage reduction (NSR) catalyst. NOx reduction rate of NSR catalyst was drastically decreased by using RME, even if injection quantity of RME for rich spike was enhanced. However, an increase in EGR rate could reduce NOx emission without the deterioration in smoke and PM emissions.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Biodiesel Production and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
1 Services, goods and business client productivity: Learning from construction

This paper reviews research since the 1960s on productivity growth in the construction industry and how low growth rates, which it shares with busi-ness services, have been explained over the years. Effects of deficiencies in output quality measurement have been underestimated, and in retro-spect it is clear that persistently low growth rates cannot be explained by productivity determinants that operate in the short or medium term. Better output measures would support studies of links between productivity and innovation. Industry interest in multi-criteria benchmarking of project per-formance suggests the development of additional measures for output quality, related to effects on client productivity. 1.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Operation and Control of Reactive Distillation for Synthesis of Methyl Formate

Esterification of formic acid and methyl alcohol in reactive distillation column is an effective process for synthesis of methyl formate.Operation and control of reactive distillation for synthesis of methyl formate is studied.First, the thermodynamic properties and reaction kinetics are analyzed, then the comparison of the three operation methods of reactive distillation are studied and at last the operation method with formic acid fed at top column is researched.The results show that it works quite well for this synthesis process.

Topic: Process Optimization and Integration
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences