jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational sharing of unhedgeable inflation risk

We explore how members of a collective pension scheme can share inflation risks in the absence of suitable financial market instruments. Using intergenerational risk-sharing arrangements, risks can be allocated better across the scheme's participants than would be the case in a strictly individual- or cohort-based pension scheme, as these can only lay off risks via existing financial market instruments. Hence, intergenerational sharing of these risks enhances welfare. In view of the sizes of their funded pension sectors, this would be particularly beneficial for the Netherlands and the U.K.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Adenovirus infection in two calves.

Two 2-week-old calves with pyrexia, diarrhea, and subsequent dehydration were treated symptomatically for 1 week, but without favorable response. At necropsy, foci of necrosis were found in the abomasum and rumen of each calf. The small and large intestineswere dilated by grayish, turbid fluid. Numerous large amphophilic, intranuclear inclusions in endothelial cells of blood vessels in the abomasum and rumen, in endothelial cellsof the adrenal cortical sinusoids and renal glomeruli, and in intestinal epithelial cells were identified as adenovirus particles.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Eighteen year weight trajectories and metabolic markers of diabetes in modernising China: which timescale is most relevant? Reply to Vistisen D and Færch K [letter]

Aims/HypothesisAlthough obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, little is known about weight gain trajectories across adulthood, and whether they are differentially associated with metabolic markers of diabetes.MethodsWe used fasting blood samples and longitudinal weight data for 5,436 adults (5,734 observations, aged 18–66years) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2009). Using latent class trajectory analysis, we identified different weight gain trajectories in six age and sex strata, and used multivariable general linear mixed effects models to assess elevated metabolic markers of diabetes (fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, insulin) across weight trajectory classes. Models were fitted within age and sex strata, and controlled for baseline weight (or baseline weight by weight trajectory interaction terms), height, and smoking habit, with random intercepts to control for community-level correlations.ResultsCompared with weight gain, classes with weight maintenance, weight loss, or a switch from weight gain to loss had lower values for metabolic markers of diabetes. These associations were stronger among younger women (aged 18–29 and 30–39years) and men (18–29years) than in older (40–66years) men and women. An exception was HOMA-IR, which showed class differences across all ages (at least p < 0.004).ConclusionTrajectory analysis identified heterogeneity in adult weight gain associated with diabetes-related metabolic markers, independent of baseline weight. Our findings suggest that variation in metabolic markers of diabetes across patterns of weight gain is masked by a homogeneous classification of weight gain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3284-y) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke

Sleep disordered breathing is an emerging disorder with effect on several health conditions. The association of sleep disordered breathing with cerebrovascular disorders has been relatively recent but shows it as a highly prevalent albeit neglected accompaniment in all kinds of stroke. Moreover, its presence has been found to be not just associated with incidence of strokes but also with overall poorer outcomes in stroke survivors. The spectrum of disorders with its special impact on both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes is reviewed.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Combined Androgen and Estrogen Receptor Status in Breast Cancer: Treatment Prediction and Prognosis in a Population-Based Prospective Cohort

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate whether tumor androgen receptor (AR) expression was prognostic and/or predictive for endocrine treatment alone or in combination with estrogen receptor (ER). The AR has been hypothesized to have differential prognostic roles in breast cancer depending on tumor ER status, and to influence endocrine treatment response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A population-based prospective cohort of 1,026 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in Lund, Sweden, between 2002 and 2012 was followed until June 2014. Associations between immunohistochemical AR expression in tumor tissue microarrays, patient and tumor characteristics, and AR genotypes were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) by AR status, and combined ER/AR status was assessed in various treatment groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; AR expression was assessable in 913 tumors. AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumors (85.0%) were associated with higher age (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.036) and favorable tumor characteristics. The AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; status was a prognostic marker for DFS (LogRank &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.025). There was an interaction between AR and ER expression with respect to prognosis (adjusted &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;interaction&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ 0.024). Tumors with discordant hormone receptor expressions (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; or ER&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) demonstrated worse prognosis compared with concordant tumor expressions (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; or ER&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) in multivariable models [adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals); ≥1.99 (1.28–3.10), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.002]. ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; indicated early treatment failure with aromatase inhibitors (AI) among chemonaïve patients aged 50 or older.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Prediction of breast cancer prognosis and treatment response was improved by combining AR and ER status. AR negativity predicted early treatment failure with AI but not tamoxifen, a finding that warrants confirmation in a randomized setting. Patients may benefit from anti-androgens or selective AR modulators. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3640–50. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conservative Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Use of Mucolytics

The authors propose the use of alpha-blockers and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors for the management of benign prostatic syndrome. As another group of substances for therapeutic use, I would suggest secretolytics and mucolytics. The prostate of elderly men often contains leukocyte permeated secretion masses in dilated glandular ducts (1). Mucoproteins are one of the constituents of prostatic secretion. In addition, the tissue pressure of the prostate is significantly increased in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis (2). Elevated tissue pressure might conceivably be causally implicated in the pain associated with this condition. Mucoproteins are a constituent of prostatic secretion, and mucolytics could reduce the elevated tissue pressure. Mucoproteins contain disulfide bonds that can be cleaved by the free sulfhydryl group, for instance of the mucolytic agent acetylcysteine. In saliva, glycoproteins are depolymerized by cleavage of the disulfide bridges, which reduces the viscosity of the sputum. Should\nit also be possible to lower the viscosity of prostatic secretion by depolymerization of various components, outflow could be improved. After many years of suffering considerable symptoms of abacterial prostatitis, I took 2 x 600 mg ACC as a self-experiment. The symptoms improved within two hours and symptom remission was complete after two days. The PSA value normalized simultaneously (for details see my list of references: www.kyb.mpg.de). Secretolytics/mucolytics could conceivably also improve the symptoms of benign prostatic syndrome.

Topic: Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute kidney injury profile of COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors a rural hospital-based retrospective study from Vadodara, Gujarat

Background: Clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) are not well understood. The clinical significance of abnormal electrolytes and renal outcome in COVID-19 patients have been poorly documented. We aim to exhibit the electrolyte abnormalities, renal outcome and associated risk factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in rural tertiary care hospital in Vadodara district, Western India. Method: A hospital record based retrospective study was conducted. Total 994 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 and those meeting inclusion criteria were included for the analysis. The laboratory data of interest included electrolytes reports like Na+, K+, CL-, creatinine and blood urea. Result: Of the total hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 324 patients were eligible. For the criteria for suspected AKI - 279 (86.11%) and no AKI - 45 (13.88%) patients were found. Suspected AKI patients were classified into four conditions: 1) HYPERNATREMIA (14.33%); HYPERKALEMIA (2.15%); BCR ratio &gt;20 (65.59%); HIGH Cl- (17.92%). Out of total AKI patients, (36.91%) died whereas (13.3%) patients died in no AKI group. All patients were provided antibiotics, steroids and anti-viral therapies irrespective of AKI status, which we presume might have contributed in high mortality among suspected AKI.

Topic: COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CFD MODELING IN DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN ENDOVASCULAR CHEMOFILTER DEVICE

Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy (IAC) is a preferred treatment for the primary liver cancer, despite its adverse side-effects. During IAC, a mixture of chemotherapeutic drugs, e.g. Doxorubicin, is injected into an artery supplying the tumor. A fraction of Doxorubicin is absorbed by the tumor, but the remaining drug passes into systemic circulation, causing irreversible heart failure. The efficiency and safety of the IAC can be improved by chemical filtration of the excessive drugs with a catheter-based Chemofilter device, as proposed by a team of neuroradilogists. The objective of my work was to optimize the hemodynamic and drug binding performance of the Chemofilter device, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. For this, I investigated the performance of two distinct Chemofilter configurations: 1) a porous “Chemofilter basket” formed by a lattice of micro-cells and 2) a non-porous “honeycomb Chemofilter” consisting of parallel hexagonal channels. A multiscale modeling approach was developed to resolve the flow through a representative section of the porous membrane and subsequently characterize the overall performance of the device. A heat and mass transfer analogy was utilized to facilitate the comparison of alternative honeycomb configurations. A multiphysics approach was developed for modeling the electrochemical binding of Doxorubicin to the anionic surface of the Chemofilter. An effective diffusion coefficient was derived based on dilute and concentrated solution theory, to account for the induced migration of ions. Computational predictions were supported by results of <i>in-vivo</i> studies performed by collaborators. CFD models showed that the honeycomb Chemofilter is the most advantageous configuration with 66.8% drug elimination and 2.9 mm-Hg pressure drop across the device. Another facet of the Chemofilter project was its surface design with shark-skin inspired texturing, which improves the binding performance by up to 3.5%. Computational modeling enables optimization of the chemofiltration device, thus allowing the increase of drug dose while reducing systemic toxicity of IAC.

Topic: Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Электро- и магнетотранспорт в области межфазной границы LaAlO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-/SrTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

AbstractComparison of the channel spectra of medium energy ion scattering, visualized for LaAlO_3/(001)SrTiO_3 heterostructures with a thickness of the lanthanum aluminate layer of one to six unit cells, indicates that the lanthanum aluminate layer grows coherently on a TiO_2-terminated surface of a strontium titanate substrate. The resistance of the interphase boundary in the heterostructure with a thickness of the LaAlO_3 layer of six unit cells decreased with temperature. At T &lt; 100 K, the positive magnetoresistance and Hall mobility of electrons increased sharply with decreasing temperature.

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>In vivo</i> fluorescence flow cytometry reveals that the nanoparticle tumor vaccine OVA@HA-PEI effectively clears circulating tumor cells

Tumor vaccine therapy offers significant advantages over conventional treatments, including reduced toxic side effects. However, it currently functions primarily as an adjuvant treatment modality in clinical oncology due to limitations in tumor antigen selection and delivery methods. Tumor vaccines often fail to elicit a sufficiently robust immune response against progressive tumors, thereby limiting their clinical efficacy. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle-based tumor vaccine, OVA@HA-PEI, utilizing ovalbumin (OVA) as the presenting antigen and hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as adjuvants and carriers. This formulation significantly enhanced the proliferation of immune cells and cytokines, such as CD3, CD8, interferon-[Formula: see text], and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], in vivo, effectively activating an immune response against B16–F10 tumors. In vivo fluorescence flow cytometry (IVFC) has already become an effective method for monitoring circulating tumor cells (CTCs) due to its direct, noninvasive, and long-term detection capabilities. Our study utilized a laboratory-constructed IVFC system to monitor the immune processes induced by the OVA@HA-PEI tumor vaccine and an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody. The results demonstrated that the combined treatment of OVA@HA-PEI and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly improved the survival time of mice compared to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment alone. Additionally, this combination therapy substantially reduced the number of CTCs in vivo, increased the clearance rate of CTCs by the immune system, and slowed tumor progression. These findings greatly enhance the clinical application prospects of IVFC and tumor vaccines.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Roughness Induced Heat Transfer and Shear Stress Augmentation Measurements of the HEEET Thermal Protection System

Although engineering correlations exist for the heat flux and shear stress augmentation for sand grain roughness at high speeds, modern 3D woven thermal protection systems will result in patterned roughness. This study investigates the heat transfer augmentation to the NASA HEEET ablator, at different roughness scales and melt heights. The experiments were undertaken in the Oxford High Density Tunnel at a nominal Mach number of 5 and unit Reynolds number of 30 − 60 × 10^6 /m. Determination of the Stanton number were performed by combining measurements of the free-stream total temperatures with the measurement of the heat transfer from either calorimeter gauges, thin film heat transfer gauges and infra-red thermography. Results indicate trends towards bulk heat transfer augmentation of order 50% with increased Re_x for the larger scale roughnesses. Local increases to the heat flux were measured on the heat transfer gauges and agreed well with the infra-red thermography. Shear stress measurements showed a clear relation to the heat flux augmentation, the Reynolds analogy is shown to be invalid.

Topic: Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-objective optimisation of a contingency logistics network through physical programming

A typical contingency logistic network can be responsible for resourcing several missions at the same time with different goals for mission success for each. Furthermore, depending on the time and budget available at each node or region in the contingency network, a decision maker has a different level of cost and time tolerance for different missions. In this paper, physical programming is used in conjunction with a memetic algorithm to optimise the performance of a contingency logistics network. This study illustrates how a decision maker’s preference on several criteria can be explicitly modelled and taken into account in a complex decision framework.

Topic: Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Delayed diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in adults: a forgotten cause of febrile polyarthritis.

Acute rheumatic fever is a nonsuppurative sequela of upper respiratory tract infection with group A streptococci. We describe our recent experience with the diagnosis and management of 3 cases of acute rheumatic fever to highlight the delays that may arise in the diagnosis of this condition. In adults, febrile polyarthritis is the most common presentation of acute rheumatic fever. Increased awareness on the part of the physician is necessary to ensure both prompt and accurate diagnosis of this cause of febrile polyarthritis.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Teaching for Transformation: Insights from Fiji, India, South Africa, and Jamaica

Abstract. How can teaching and living abroad impact our teaching in North America? This article explores how what I do teaching religion and ethics to undergraduates at Texas Christian University has been influenced by twelve years of teaching in the two-thirds world. It is structured in terms of three insights that correlate with what I call the past, present, and future dimensions of ethics, respectively. First, we need to begin where our students are – taking their contexts seriously. Second, we should expose them to the moral and religious experience of others, so that they might be pulled by those others toward broader perspectives. Third, we should challenge them to envision new ways of living, including new self-understandings and images of society. Drawing on examples of how I use these insights in courses at TCU, I contend that we can best promote transformation in our students by holding these three insights in creative tension.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Malignant fibrohistiocytoma of the maxilla].

A case surgically treated malignant fibrohistiocytoma of the maxilla in 71 years aged woman is presented. Attention is called to diagnostic difficulties due to varied clinical and histological features. Histological examination after surgery established final diagnosis.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Decellularized Matrix Hydrogels for <i>In Vitro</i> Disease Modeling

The extracellular matrix (ECM) operates as a complex network of cell-supporting macromolecules in tissue homeostasis and disease scenarios. Given ECM structural and bio-signaling roles, understanding and modeling matrix components and their dysfunction in disease is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for numerous pathologies including pulmonary, renal and intestinal fibrosis, osteoarthritis or cancer. The discovery and preclinical in vitro screening of candidate therapeutics for tackling such conditions remains challenging owing to the lack of in vitro models capable of recapitulating ECM biochemical/biophysical cues and its complex tri-dimensional bioarchitecture in a laboratory setting. Advances in the decellularization, processing and modification of naturally available ECM into cell-free extracellular matrices (dECM) obtained from human or animal tissues, and its processing into designer hydrogels with tunable mechanical/structural features, open opportunities for bioengineering a new generation of more organotypic 3D testing platforms. Herein, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art methodologies employed for the development of dECM-hydrogels showcasing their key applications for generating tumor and fibrotic disease models. Standard and advanced processing technologies for dECM hydrogels such as 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip platforms are also presented and discussed in light of future opportunities and improvements. By taking advantage of the capacity of dECM-hydrogels to closely recapitulate key matrix components, it is foreseeable that in vitro generating organotypic 3D microtissues will better capture key aspects of human diseases and contribute with predictive data on candidate therapeutics bioperformance prior to clinical trials.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High-pressure and low-temperature structural study of claudetite I, a monoclinic layered As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>polymorph

High-pressure structural studies of claudetite I reveal that it exhibits the lowest As coordination numbers despite being the densest As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>polymorph.

Topic: Crystal Structures and Properties
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regional resilience during a trade war: The role of global connections and local networks

Economic sanctions can adversely affect target countries. We study how regions withstand these sanctions amid the US-China trade war. Adopting a geographic relational perspective, we posit that regional resilience hinges on global connections and local networks. Analyzing nightlight data, we find that regional resilience is closely tied to the nature of global connections: cities prioritizing high-value-adding exports perform better, while those reliant on foreign firms for exports and focused on processing trade are more vulnerable. Furthermore, cities with economic development zones exhibit greater resilience to the trade war, underscoring the importance of networks within these zones in mitigating adverse effects.

Topic: Regional resilience and development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
2603: Ex-vivo graft preservation with hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen iodide for suspended animation of non-human primate (<i>macaca mulatta</i>) upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplants (VCA)

Abstract : Summary. H2S may play a role in mitigating onset of acute rejection in porcine VCA model in the absence of immunosuppression. Potential use for graft preservation strategies in a clinical setting that may require prolonged ischemic periods.

Topic: Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences