jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Control of an Electric Variable Valve Timing System

This paper presents a model of an electric variable valve timing (EVVT) system and its closed-loop control design with experimental validation. The studied EVVT uses a planetary gear system to control the engine cam timing. The main motivation of utilizing the EVVT system is its fast response time and the accurate timing control capability. This is critical for the combustion mode transition control between the spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion, where the engine cam timing needs to follow a desired trajectory to accurately control the engine charge and recompression process. A physics-based model was developed to study the characteristics of the EVVT system, and a control oriented EVVT model, with the same structure as the physics-based one, was obtained using closed-loop system identification. The closed-loop control strategies were developed to control the EVVT to follow a desired trajectory. Both simulation and bench test results are included.

Topic: Iterative Learning Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A randomized, controlled, multicentre clinical trial of post‐extraction alveolar ridge preservation

Abstract Aim To compare the effectiveness of two‐ridge preservation treatments. Materials and Methods Forty subjects with extraction sockets exhibiting substantial buccal dehiscences were enrolled and randomized across 10 standardized centres. Treatments were demineralized allograft plus reconstituted and cross‐linked collagen membrane ( DFDBA + RECXC ) or deproteinized bovine bone mineral with collagen plus native, bilayer collagen membrane ( DBBMC + NBCM ). Socket dimensions were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Wound closure and soft tissue inflammation were followed post‐operatively, and biopsies were retrieved for histomorphometric analysis at 6 months. Results Primary endpoint: at 6 months, extraction socket horizontal measures were significantly greater for DBBMC + NBCM (average 1.76 mm greater, p = 0.0256). Secondary and Exploratory endpoints: (1) lingual and buccal vertical bone changes were not significantly different between the two treatment modalities, (2) histomorphometric % new bone and % new bone + graft were not significantly different, but significantly more graft remnants remained for DBBMC ; (3) at 1 month, incision line gaps were significantly greater and more incision lines remained open for DFDBA + RECXC ; (4) higher inflammation at 1 week tended to correlate with lower ridge preservation results; and (5) deeper socket morphologies with thinner bony walls correlated with better ridge preservation. Thirty‐seven of 40 sites had sufficient ridge dimension for implant placement at 6 months; the remainder were DFDBA + RECXC sites. Conclusion DBBMC + NBCM provided better soft tissue healing and ridge preservation for implant placement. Deeper extraction sockets with higher and more intact bony walls responded more favourably to ridge preservation therapy.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence: the molecular blueprint of a soil bacterium

The rate at which entire microbial genomes are being sequenced has accelerated rapidly over the past two years, promising to revolutionise our understanding of microbial molecular biology and genetics. The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence is the first complete genome of a free-living soil and rhizosphere bacterium. Data derived from the genome sequence and the systematic functional analysis programme, together with the wealth of knowledge already available for this organism, open up new opportunities to study the behaviour and ecology of this soil and plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium at the molecular level. In this review we examine the Bacillus subtilis 168 genome sequence in the light of clues it might provide for the role of this species in natural environments and discuss suitable methods for applying the available data and resources to the study of this and related organisms in natural systems.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MICROCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

The paper describes the authors experiences in the application of microcomputers to transportation planning. The purchase of two burroughs B-20 microcomputers by the Policy Planning Branch of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications was also taken as an opportunity to review the traditional transportation models to assess whether a new approach could be developed appropriate to todays needs. After review of the existing approach and its perceived deficiencies in the context of the present transportation goals of the Ministry, it was decided that a process was required which was more flexible, where the results and their relationship to assumptions would be readily explainable to decision makers, and which would permit rapid testing of different options relating to specific issues. The approach adopted replaced most of the mathematical modelling used previously with a process based on discussion and judgemental feedback. The authors consider it to have been successful in meeting most of the original objectives although it is too early to assess whether the technique will gain widespread acceptance. In particular they consider that it promoted a fuller understanding of the transportation trade-offs and issues by both the project staff and their contacts outside the Ministry. The use of the microcomputers permitted fast turn around of feedback and the iteration of results. The system proved easy to use and software development time was minimal. A substantial cost saving was realized compared to using a mainframe computer. Use of other software, mainly word processing, permitted substantial time savings in the production of the final report. Limitations of the micro were the computation time required to run programs for large zone systems and the non-transferability of software.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON MICRO-PENSION UPTAKE AMONG INFORMAL EMPLOYEES OF KENYA PORTS AUTHORITY

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of demographic characteristics on micro-pension uptake among informal employees of Kenya Ports Authority.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of the informal employees of Kenya Ports Authority. There are 2500 informal employees at Kenya Ports Authority. A sample size of 96 informal employees was selected through simple random sampling. The study used primary data which was collected through questionnaires which comprised of both open ended and close ended questions. Quantitative data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, frequency distribution and standard deviation were computed to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest whilst with inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and magnitude of the relationships between the variables. All the analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 20. Content analysis was also used for qualitative data. The results of data analysis were presented using figures and tables for easy understanding and interpretation.Findings: The study findings indicated that financial literacy; income level and socio demographic characteristics influence the micro pension uptake. The study found that despite the above average literacy level among Kenyans; effort should be done to increase their participation in the management of their pension schemes. Based on findings it was possible to conclude that there was a positive and significant relationship between level of income and micro-pension schemes, similarly higher income level is strongly related to higher willingness. The findings also indicate that social demographic is a key factor in explaining micro-pension schemes.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: With a majority of the informal sector getting most of their information on pension through the media, the study recommends that there is need to strengthen and repackage the information being aired to the masses on the importance of pension savings. These packages should be designed in a way that they can yield to eventual participation. It is recommended that there is a need for young people to begin saving for retirement as early as possible, and that starting early gives the total savings ‘pot’ longer to benefit from interest or investment growth. Further, it recommends that the government should also design a special program of reaching the informal sector workers through seminars and workshops on pension matters. It is recommended that future studies should be carried out to find the factors leading to a low uptake of the Micro-Pension schemes in the informal sector and what needs to be done to improve the uptake.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluating the Use of a Skin Failure Indicator Scale in the Diagnosis of Acute Skin Failure

Background. Critically ill patients are at increased risk of skin breakdown that may occur in non-pressure locations. Recognition of skin failure as distinct from hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) may have significant clinical, financial, and legal implications. Objective. To apply a novel diagnostic scale in the care of patients with pressure injuries to determine its utility in diagnosing skin failure at a quaternary hospital. Materials and Methods. Critically ill patients at a quaternary hospital from September 2022 through November 2023 with a HAPI diagnosis were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, clinical outcomes, and wound parameters. Skin failure was evaluated using the Hill and Petersen Skin Failure Clinical Indicator Scale (SFCIS), with patients with a score of 15 to 21 considered to have high probability of skin failure. Results. During the study period, 12 patients were found to meet criteria for skin failure. For those patients, the mean length of stay was 58 days. All patients scored above 15 on the SFCIS, with 3 patients scoring 21 and 9 patients scoring 18. All patients met criteria for impaired blood flow and sepsis or multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome. Four patients met criteria for moderate or severe protein calorie malnutrition with an albumin level of less than 3.5 g/dL. Ten patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours. Conclusion. Twelve patients who were identified has having HAPIs were reclassified as having skin failure using the SFCIS. Further work is necessary to validate this scoring system in diagnosing skin failure and the implications associated with its use.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Shift work tolerance

Abstract Background Shift work is widespread due to 24-h work in many occupations. Understanding differences in individual shift work tolerance (SWT) can help develop coping strategies for shift workers. Aims This in-depth qualitative review elucidates the architecture of SWT, providing an overview of the research advances in the last decade (2011–2021). Methods We searched Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline for different word combinations concerning SWT. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the potential genetic basis of SWT were additionally searched in GWAS Central and GWAS Catalogue. Results Eleven new studies were published since 2011, with the proportion of longitudinal studies on SWT having more than doubled in the past decade. They consolidate prior findings (e.g. hardiness most consistently associated with SWT) and discovered additional aspects of SWT like resistance to change and job stress. The 15 large-scale GWAS identified, most of which using UK Biobank (UKB) and 23andMe data, involved mapped genes showing overlap especially within analysis of the same phenotype (e.g. PER2/3 for morningness, PAX8 for sleep duration and LINGO1 for neuroticism). Individual GWAS for additional traits such as resilience have also been published though assessments of gene overlap are not yet possible. Conclusions Progress regarding longitudinal studies on SWT has been made though a more consistent definition of SWT remains crucial for future research. Non-genetic studies on SWT suggest several important traits and factors; many of which have now also been explored using GWAS. Such evidence could serve as basis for individualized risk prediction and disease prevention approaches for night-shift workers.

Topic: Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Albonectria rigidiuscula (green point gall)

This datasheet on Albonectria rigidiuscula covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Does rural outmigration affect investment in agriculture? Evidence from Ethiopia

This paper investigates impacts of rural outmigration on household spending in agriculture. Empirical data come from two rounds of panel surveys of households living in three major regions of Ethiopia. Accounting for potential endogeneity of outmigration and selection bias using a combination of a difference-in-difference (DID) model and an inverse-probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach, we find that, on average, rural outmigration has significantly increased probabilities of spending on herbicide and livestock by 10 and 20 percentage points, respectively. At the intensive margin, we also find outmigration has significantly increased the amount of household spending on herbicide and livestock by around 62% and 246%, respectively. However, our findings suggest differential impacts of outmigration based on age of the household head, especially on the likelihood of purchasing livestock.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from IGF-1R/MDM2 Relationship Confers Enhanced Sensitivity to RITA in Ewing Sarcoma Cells

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 53KB, FACS analysis of IOR-BRZ71, WE-68 and 6647 cells upon RITA treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mutagenicity of skin tanning lotions.

Two lotions that tan skin in the absence of sunlight and their active ingredient, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), are mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 without metabolic activation. However, addition of S-9 mix that contains Aroclor 1254-induced rat hepatic microsomes enhances significantly the mutagenic activity of all three agents. Both lotions and DHA also cause primary DNA damage as determined by the rec-assay in Bacillus subtilis. The potential human health hazard of these lotions is discussed.

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Central CO2/pH Chemosensitivity Influence on Respiration in both Early and Late Staged Tadpoles

We test the hypothesis that central respiratory CO2/pH chemosensitivity, recorded from isolated brainstems, remains consistent throughout tadpole development. Results indicate that tadpoles at all developmental stages respond to CO2/pH, and that the sensitivity of these responses does not change with development.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ILRS Station Reporting

Network stations provided system configuration documentation upon joining the ILRS. This information, found in the various site and system log files available on the ILRS website, is essential to the ILRS analysis centers, combination centers, and general user community. Therefore, it is imperative that the station personnel inform the ILRS community in a timely fashion when changes to the system occur. This poster provides some information about the various documentation that must be maintained. The ILRS network consists of over fifty global sites actively ranging to over sixty satellites as well as five lunar reflectors. Information about these stations are available on the ILRS website (http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/network/stations/index.html). The ILRS Analysis Centers must have current information about the stations and their system configuration in order to use their data in generation of derived products. However, not all information available on the ILRS website is as up-to-date as necessary for correct analysis of their data.

Topic: Spacecraft Design and Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dislocations in orthorhombic minerals. Part 1.—Naturally-occurring barytes

The emergence points of dislocations at cleavage faces of natural barytes crystals have been identified using the etchpit technique. The alignments of these etchpits and the observation of slip traces both in as-grown and deliberately deformed crystals yield the active slip planes in this material. The results compare favourably with a recent independent study of natural barytes crystals employing the X-ray topographical technique. Comparisons are made between barytes and the isomorphous ammonium perchlorate. It is found that, with one notable exception, the dislocation structures of these two materials are identical and probably characteristic of the space group, Pnma. The slip systems are {201}[101]; {401}[010]; {110}〈text-decoration:overline110〉; {001}[010]; {010}[001]; {101}〈text-decoration:overline101〉 or {101}[010], {110}[001] and {201}[001], the last-named being active in barytes only. The important criterion when considering the γ-irradiation behaviour of these two materials is the thermal stability of the respective lattices.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Convergence to stationarity in the Moran model

Consider a population of fixed size consisting of N haploid individuals. Assume that this population evolves according to the two-allele neutral Moran model in mathematical genetics. Denote the two alleles by A 1 and A 2 . Allow mutation from one type to another and let 0 &lt; γ &lt; 1 be the sum of mutation probabilities. All the information about the population is recorded by the Markov chain X = ( X ( t )) t ≥0 which counts the number of individuals of type A 1 . In this paper we study the time taken for the population to ‘reach’ stationarity (in the sense of separation and total variation distances) when initially all individuals are of one type. We show that after t ∗ = N γ -1 log N + cN the separation distance between the law of X ( t ∗ ) and its stationary distribution converges to 1 - exp(-γe -γ c ) as N → ∞. For the total variation distance an asymptotic upper bound is obtained. The results depend on a particular duality, and couplings, between X and a genealogical process known as the lines of descent process.

Topic: Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bounding Teacher Decision Making: The Threat of Intensification

One common limitation in most reform efforts is an understanding of the relation among teachers' work, decision making, and the construction of school knowledge. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining how critical theories of teachers' work both inform and are informed by an analysis of two case study middle schools. Findings from this study suggest that many of the decisions that teachers make are based on their attempt to contain the threat of intensification. Such a self-regulatory process shaped decisions in the areas of planning, grading, and classroom management and fostered a defensive form of school knowledge that is fact oriented, routinized, and mundane. Particularly troubling is the finding that this defensive form of knowledge was most pronounced in classes with large numbers of students of color

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Can Corruption Facilitate Industrial Structure Upgrade in China? The Moderating Role of Government-Business Relationships

The literature on corruption is extensive. However, specific effects of corruption on industrial structure upgrade have received little attention in the context of China. Therefore, following the concept of organizational performance and social capital theory, a number of panel models are developed to explore how different institution domains (i.e., government’s willingness to reform, business ownership structure, and government-business collusion) moderate the effect size of corruption on upgrading the industrial structure in China. The results are generally robust after endogeneity corrections, and suggest that the effect size of corruption on the industrial structure upgrade is evidently moderated by willingness to reform and ownership structure, but government-business collusion does not appear to have a similar effect. These findings explain the variation in the corruption-performance link, and provide a novel perspective for policy makers and regulators to understand the evolutionary path of corruption within the process of economic transition in China. A local government must thoroughly understand the dynamics of an industrial structure upgrade and acquire competencies and knowledge about when the effect of corruption reaches its inflection point and how its downside can be alleviated by placing specific formal and informal institutional reforms.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PAN-00060150 - coin/coin-related, Philips II (1556-1598) of Philips III (1598-1621), ochavo (2 maravedis), cuarto (4 maravedis) of cuartillo (8 maravedis)

&lt;p&gt;This find is registered at Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands with number PAN-00060150&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Hallucinations in medical conditions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Pheochromocytoma and sudden death (author's transl)].

Five cases of pheochromocytoma are described in which sudden death was the form of the initial clinical presentation in almost all of them. After a brief review on the history and the incidence of the tumor within the general population, diverse cases are analyzed from a clinical point of view and in relation to the data appeared in the literature. In the analysis of the symptoms emphasis is placed on the important psychomotor manifestations which are present in the majority of those patients and which causes serious difficulties in the initial diagnosis. All of the patients showed signs of shock at the time of being observed or during the course of this observation, and in the majority of them the presence of acute pulmonary edema was confirmed; facts which we attribute to an initial hypertensive episode associated to a left heart failure. The onset of the crisis in two patients was related to known triggering factors: anesthesia and sulpiride. In other two patients associated conditions were diagnosed: medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in one of them, and cystic necrosis of the middle layer of the aorta in the other.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences