jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of the type of electrode on the microstructure and coefficient of friction obtained by sliding test to hard coatings deposited by welding SMAW

espanolEn el campo de los recubrimientos duros es frecuente encontrar aplicaciones que se vean sometidas a procesos de desgaste, por tal motivo, es importante analizar como el tipo de electrodo aplicado en un proceso de soldadura por arco con electrodo revestido (Shielded Metal Arc Weldind, SMAW) afecta la microestructura y el coeficiente de rozamiento obtenido en ensayos de desgaste por deslizamiento. Para la realizacion de este trabajo se aplicaron tres (3) diferentes tipos de recubrimiento de alto cromo (23,5 – 35Cr %) y alto carbono (3,4 – 5C%) sobre sustratos de acero AISI SAE 1020 y sobre ellos se realizaron ensayos de desgaste por deslizamiento de tipo esfera sobre disco (sphere on disk), se obtuvieron los correspondientes valores del coeficiente de rozamiento y se corroboro la teoria de plasticidad propuesta por varios autores[1], ademas se analizo la microestructura obtenida de cada uno de los recubrimientos y los valores de rugosidad de la superficie ensayada por medio de microscopia confocal e interfometria 3D respectivamente; en este trabajo se encontro, que para condiciones de desgaste por deslizamiento, el mejor comportamiento se obtuvo con el recubrimiento con contenido medio de cromo (31%). EnglishIn the field of hard coatings it is common to find applications that are subject to wear processes, for this reason, it is important to analyze how the type of electrode applied in a process of arc welding with a coated electrode (Shielded Metal Arc Weldind, SMAW) affects the microstructure and the coefficient of friction obtained in sliding wear tests. To carry out this work, three (3) different types of high chromium (23.5 - 35Cr%) and high carbon (3.4 - 5C%) coatings were applied on AISI steel substrates SAE 1020 and on them were made spherical wear tests on the disc (sphere on disk), the corresponding friction coefficient values ​​were obtained and the theory of plasticity proposed by several authors was corroborated [1], and the microstructure obtained from each one of them was analyzed. the coatings and the roughness values ​​of the surface tested by means of confocal microscopy and 3D interfometry respectively; In this work it was found that for sliding wear conditions, the best performance was obtained with the coating with medium chromium content (31%).

Topic: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of a two-dimensional ultra precision positioning system with nanometer resolution

A conventional ultra-precision positioning system cannot satisfy displacement resolution,frequency response and repeatability simultaneously.To solve this problem,a kind of two-dimensional ultra-precision positioning system with nanometer resolution is presented.The system employs several advanced technologies such as non-clearance transmission using a two-dimensional stage with double flexible hinges in a structure of parallel four-linkage,micro-displacement actuating using two directional PZT,and monitoring using a capacitance displacement sensor with nanometer accuracy.The system can position at nanometer resolution by the control of a microprocessor.The paper presents the design and manufacturing process of a two-dimensional stage.To improve the low accuracy and poor frequency response of the conventional PID,a parameter's self-adaptive PID algorithm is developed based on the different characteristics of the positioning system in the different positioning phases.Experiment results show that the parallel four-linkage structure can efficiently eliminate the positioning coupling of the x and y axial in order to improve the straightness of any single axial of the stage.In the full range of 30 μm,the single axis displacement resolution is 1 nm,the repeatability is better than 10 nm,and the positioning time is less than 1 s.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Harmonic Convergence Estimation Through Strain Energy Superconvergence

Grid convergence in finite element analysis (FEA), despite a wide variety of tools available to date, remains an elusive and challenging task. Due to the complex and time-consuming process of remeshing and solving the finite element model (FEM), convergence studies can be a part of the most arduous portion of the modeling process and can even be impossible with FEMs unassociated with CAD. Existing a posteriori methods, such as relative error in the energy norm, provide a near arbitrary indication of the model convergence for eigenfrequencies. This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the harmonic convergence of an existing model without conducting a convergence study. Strain energy superconvergence (SES) takes advantage of superconvergence points within a FEM and accurately recovers the strain energy within the model using polyharmonic splines, thus providing a more accurate estimate of the system's eigenfrequencies without modification of the FEM. Accurate eigenfrequencies are critical for designing for airfoil resonance avoidance and mistuned rotor response prediction. Traditional error estimation strategies fail to capture harmonic convergence as effectively as SES, potentially leading to a less accurate airfoil resonance and rotor mistuning prediction.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design Strategies for a Hybrid Video Synthesizer

INTRODUCTION: Technological advances have led to newer instruments and forms of audiovisual performance. Simultaneously, there has been a resurgence of analogue equipment in sound synthesis. However, such instruments for video synthesis are yet to be well established.&#13;\n&#13;\nOBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this research is to propose design guidelines for designing hybrid video synthesizers and develop a working prototype.&#13;\n&#13;\nMETHODS: Through a study of historical and contemporary practises, design guidelines for a hybrid video synthesizer are proposed. A prototype instrument is then developed and used in live performances to justify the guidelines.&#13;\n&#13;\nRESULTS: The hybrid approach towards audiovisual performance has some merit, however, it may only be relevant to a certain group of people already familiar with modular workflows.&#13;\n&#13;\nCONCLUSION: The merits and demerits of our design proposal using the prototype instrument has been noted in this research. Future plans have also been discussed.

Topic: Music Technology and Sound Studies
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dynamic Investigation of the Solid-Solid Phase Transition of Normal-Alkane (Hexatriacontane) by Simultaneous Measurements with Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering and X-Ray Television Detector

Simultaneous measurements have been performed using differential scanning calorimetry, time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray television (TV) methods to study the solid-solid phase transition of the normal-alkane (hexatriacontane) single crystal. The low-temperature monoclinic form (M L ) of hexatriacontane transforms to the high-temperature monoclinic form (M H ) by two mechanisms. One mechanism is a direct transition from M L to M H by twin formation without passing any activated state. The other mechanism is a two-step transition through an intermediate orthorhombic state (O), where the molecules stand up from the M L state and then re-incline into the M H state. The subsecond time-resolved investigation by simultaneous measurements reveals dynamic variations during the transition. The former M L →M H transition appears at a lower temperature showing that twin formation requires lower energy, than the two-step process with the activated state. Continuous changing of intensities observed in the X-ray TV indicates that the latter M L →O→M H transition is caused by the coherent motion of the molecules.

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
GLUTAMIN AND PREBIOTICS

Experimental and prospective study, is the result of working with 56 male rats between 300 and 350 g, three phases were worked: the first the pre-pilot phase (6 rats), the second the pilot phase (10 rats) and the third experimental phase E (40 rats). In the first, the standard dose to generate the injury to the rats was determined, using different doses of alcohol per kilogram of weight. In the pilot phase, they were subjected to 8.5% ethanol, which was administered intragastrically (3 ml / kg). The experimental phase was carried out in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), the positive control group (damage), the preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic) and the regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). Desquamation, erythema, hyperemia were assessed in the stomachs of rats.

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CoT-AMFlow: Adaptive Modulation Network with Co-Teaching Strategy for Unsupervised Optical Flow Estimation

The interpretation of ego motion and scene change is a fundamental task for mobile robots. Optical flow information can be employed to estimate motion in the surroundings. Recently, unsupervised optical flow estimation has become a research hotspot. However, unsupervised approaches are often easy to be unreliable on partially occluded or texture-less regions. To deal with this problem, we propose CoT-AMFlow in this paper, an unsupervised optical flow estimation approach. In terms of the network architecture, we develop an adaptive modulation network that employs two novel module types, flow modulation modules (FMMs) and cost volume modulation modules (CMMs), to remove outliers in challenging regions. As for the training paradigm, we adopt a co-teaching strategy, where two networks simultaneously teach each other about challenging regions to further improve accuracy. Experimental results on the MPI Sintel, KITTI Flow and Middlebury Flow benchmarks demonstrate that our CoT-AMFlow outperforms all other state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches, while still running in real time. Our project page is available at https://sites.google.com/view/cot-amflow.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of Multi-Level Circuits Using EXOR-Gates

Abstract ⎯ There are many methods for the synthesis of logical functions. All these methods can be divided into two classes the first one is Two-Level Logic Synthesis and the second one is Multi-Level Logic Synthesis. The multi-level circuits and their structure are easier for practical realization if there is a large number of variables. In this paper we concentrate on a part of the second class-synthesis of multi-level-circuits with EXOR-gates. We present six methods for EXOR-decomposition for both, completely and incompletely specified functions. In detail, we give an iterative algorithm for checking and calculating the EXOR- groupability for the incompletely specified functions relating to sets of variables. Using this method, it is possible to fully utilize the characteristics and properties of incompletely specified functions enabling synthesis of very efficent circuits. I.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Photography as Rhythm: On Prairie

This chapter explores Victor Burgin's Prairie through rhythm and the aesthetic conditions for constituting politically viable engagements with the image. The chapter posits rhythm as something simultaneously organising the relationship between the political and the aesthetic and as a principle that can undo that organisation. In this manner, the argument draws on Barthes' concept of 'zero degree' to render the contradictory and ultimately irreconcilable concerns of Burgin's projection pieces evoked and embodied by their rhythms. Drawing on writings by Sergei Eisenstein and many others, the chapter asks the following questions in relation to still and moving images: can we envision a rhythm that, at a juncture between the aesthetic and the political, does not operate as a principle of systematic organisation? What image of the past and of the collective would this other rhythm engender?

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Looking to the Future: Biomarkers in the Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

The incidence and mortality of pancreas cancer converge. There has been little advancement in the treatment of pancreas cancer since the acceptance of gemcitabine as the standard therapy. Unfortunately, the efficacy of gemcitabine is dismal. While there is much discussion for the development of biomarkers to help direct therapy in this area, there is little action to move them into clinical practice. Herein, we review potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers and discuss the limitations in their implementation.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding the theory-practice issue for acupuncture education in the UK

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to address the overarching research question: ‘What is the relationship between theory and practice and the issue that arises between them for acupuncture education in the UK?’. The issue refers to a lack of means for practitioners to competently deal with situations that arise in practice and, has long been recognised as existing in most forms of professional education. The theoretical framework for this study’s investigation traces the reasons for the issue between theory and practice through discussing the shifts in the education, practice and regulation of acupuncture from China to the UK. The theory-practice debates within professional education are also analysed and, professional judgment is considered as a way to connect theory and practice for acupuncture education in the UK. The investigation of the overarching research question entails a case study formed by two distinct models through which acupuncture is currently taught in the UK: the university and the apprenticeship models. These models are also compared and contrasted in view of achieving the objectives to identify: 1) Which elements of each model’s curriculum and pedagogic approaches work best to facilitate the theory-practice relationship, 2) How students can be equipped to develop their professional knowledge upon becoming practitioners. The university model is represented by teachers and students from two institutions, while the apprenticeship model is represented by the principal of an acupuncture apprenticeship programme and the Barefoot Doctor: an experienced acupuncturist who trained through an apprenticeship. Practitioners of acupuncture are also included. Qualitative data were collected through one-to-one interviews and focus groups. The study reveals that alongside the features that facilitate the theory-practice relationship and the development of professional knowledge, a number of concerns emerge through the organisation and pedagogic approaches that these models adopt, thereby hindering the theory-practice relationship. Recommendations are offered for students, teachers and practitioners to understand the connections between theory and practice, and conduct professional judgment effectively. The limitations and recommendations for areas for further research are also discussed.

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Kitchen Sponges: An Under-recognized Public Health Problem

Abstract Background: The domestic kitchen is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important areas with regards to the incidences of foodborne diseases. Kitchen sponges may play a role in foodborne illnesses through cross-contamination as they provide a suitable environment for bacterial pathogen growth and transmission. Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, characterize, and determine the antibiogram of Enterobacteriaceae contaminating household kitchen sponges in Abakaliki metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 household kitchen sponges were randomly collected from 50 different households in Abakaliki metropolis. The samples were analyzed with standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the disc diffusion method. Results: In total, 28 (56%) out of the 50 kitchen sponges were positive for Salmonella spp. (10), Klebsiella spp. (7), and Escherichia coli (11). In general, isolates were multidrug-resistant with high resistance frequencies (43.7%–100%) to carbapenems, aztreonam, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. There was no statistically significant difference in the antimicrobial resistance frequencies between the Enterobacteriaceae isolates ( P = 0.982). The multiple antibiotics resistance index values of isolates ranged from 0.4 to 0.8. Conclusion: This study has shown that household kitchen sponges are highly contaminated by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and E . coli . The contamination of household kitchen sponges by these multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is a serious public health problem that requires urgent attention. It is therefore of utmost importance to properly wash and disinfect household kitchen sponges after their use, in order to prevent the spread of difficult-to-treat microbial infections.

Topic: Food Safety and Hygiene
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 9 of Natural variation in wild tomato trichomes; selecting metabolites that contribute to insect resistance using a random forest approach

Additional file 9: Table S1. Generalised Linear Model fitted on the whitefly survival data. The output of the model was used to classify accessions as either resistant or susceptible to whiteflies which served as an input for the random forest algorithm.

Topic: Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Numerical Analysis of Bloch Theory for Acoustic Wave Propagation in One-Dimensional Periodic Composites

For applications in high-frequency medical ultrasonics, periodic composite materials made by combining a piezoelectric ceramic and an epoxy have aroused interest because of their high electromechanical coupl ing and low acoustic impedance. Composite transducers therefore have high sensitivity and broad band width. These significant advantages have led to considerable theoretical and experimental work on these kinds of new artificial materials. The general Bloch theory for solving acoustic wave propagation in periodic structures in two- and three-dimensions has already been presented in previous papers. Here, numerical calculations for one-dimensional Bloch coupled equation set will be described. This numerical result calculated using truncated Bloch matrix will be compared with the exact solution using the m atrix transmission line method. The purpose of this comparison is to test the accuracy of the truncated Bloch solution, which can not be done for the n ultidimension case, because no exact solution exists. Of special interest is the wide stopband splitting and material loss, characteristic of ceramic-epoxy compos i t es .

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Generation of the Volatile Spiroketals Conophthorin\nand Chalcogran by Fungal Spores on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Common\nto Almonds and Pistachios

The\nspiroketal (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-conophthorin has recently been\nreported as a semiochemical of the navel orangeworm moth, a major\ninsect pest of California pistachios and almonds. Conophthorin and\nthe isomeric spiroketal chalcogran are most commonly known as semiochemicals\nof several scolytid beetles. Conophthorin is both an insect- and plant-produced\nsemiochemical widely recognized as a nonhost plant volatile from the\nbark of several angiosperm species. Chalcogran is the principal aggregation\npheromone component of the six-spined spruce bark beetle. Recent research\nhas shown conophthorin is produced by almonds undergoing hull-split,\nand both spiroketals are produced by mechanically damaged almonds.\nTo better understand the origin of these spiroketals, the volatile\nemissions of orchard fungal spores on fatty acids common to both pistachios\nand almonds were evaluated. The volatile emission for the first 13\ndays of spores placed on a fatty acid was monitored. The spores investigated\nwere Aspergillus flavus (atoxigenic), &lt;i&gt;A. flavus&lt;/i&gt; (toxigenic), Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium glabrum, and Rhizopus\nstolonifer. The fatty acids used as growth media were\npalmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Spores on linoleic acid\nproduced both spiroketals, those on linolenic acid produced only chalcogran,\nand those on palmitic and oleic acid did not produce either spiroketal.\nThis is the first report of the spiroketals conophthorin and chalcogran\nfrom a fungal source.

Topic: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences