jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Time of Fusarium inoculation and post-anthesis temperature stress affect FHB severity and DON concentration in winter wheat

Two pot experiments were conducted using elite lines and near isogenic lines (NILs) of winter wheat in a controlled environment to evaluate the effect of time of inoculation and subsequent increase in temperature during grain-filling on Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on the infected wheat grains. The experiments were a complete factorial combination with randomised replicates. Fusarium graminearum was used to spray inoculate wheat spikes at glume loose (GL). GL was established when the lower glume could be opened with a thumbnail. Fusarium inoculation was done at glume loose (GL+0), 4 and 8 days after (GL+4 and GL+8), respectively. Pots transferred to controlled environment cabinets set at 23/15oC or 28/20oC. Results reveal that FHB severity showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) cultivar and temperature interaction in both elite and near isogenic lines. High temperature increased FHB severity by 35% in the NILs. DON concentration showed cultivar sensitive in both sets of cultivars. Inoculation at GL+4 which corresponded with the mid-anthesis gave the highest FHB severity and DON concentration in NILs, while the elite cultivars showed cultivar sensitive to DON accumulation regardless of the time of Fusarium inoculation.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Meteorological monitoring on Forbonnet peatland

Chrono-Environnement laboratory is responsible for the meteorological monitoring of an experimental station on the Frasne peatland (Tourbières du Forbonnet, Doubs) since November 2008. The meteorological parameters (temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction , groundwater level, atmospheric pressure) are acquired every 30 min and archived as annual files. This monitoring was initiated for the PeatWarm project (ANR) and continues for the "Service National d'Observation des Tourbières".

Topic: Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Acceleration of cocoa fermentation through the action of bacteria (Acetobacter aceti) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Introductionthe management of the curriculum in teacher training within the Catholic University of Salta in the School of Education and Teacher Improvement, this thought from a deductive perspective in which theoretical processes are established that allow the explanation of the curriculum in terms of teacher training and its impact on the organizational articulation. Objectiveto specify a strategic articulated intervention device that requires the constitution of a new emancipatory discourse. Materials and methodsWe present a qualitative research that analyzes the problems and variables established in the study. ResultsThe process of rupture leads us to reflect on the teaching position in the face of praxis, on the processes of "learning to teach" which involves continuous training. DiscussionThis perspective points to the development of certain skills that are developed over time of the formation through diverse strategies Conclusionsthe development of the professional competences of the teacher that confront with the disciplinary approach from an innovative glance

Topic: Business, Innovation, and Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Spontaneous fission half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model

We systematically calculate the spontaneous fission half-lives for heavy and superheavy nuclei between U and Fl isotopes. The spontaneous fission process is studied within the semi-empirical WKB approximation. The potential barrier is obtained using a generalized liquid drop model, taking into account the nuclear proximity, the mass asymmetry, the phenomenological pairing correction, and the microscopic shell correction. Macroscopic inertial-mass function has been employed for the calculation of the fission half-life. The results reproduce rather well the experimental data. Relatively long half-lives are predicted for many unknown nuclei, sufficient to detect them if synthesized in a laboratory.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transcription Factors in Myelinating Cells

This is a digitally enhanced text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the second edition of Neuroglia. The second edition of Neuroglia was first published digitally in Oxford Scholarship Online and the bibliographic details provided, if cited, will direct people to that version of the text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the first edition of Neuroglia.AbbreviationsBMPcAMPCNSGprHDACHMGMRFMSENFATOPCPDGFRαPNSPOUSCANYYZfp

Topic: Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A suggested framework for forensic consultation in cases of child abuse and neglect.

Child abuse and neglect is a central issue in several kinds of legal proceedings in which forensic psychiatry consultants may be involved. Thorough and responsive consultation in these cases calls for the consultant to be aware of a broad range of issues, some of which may not be explicitly raised in referral questions. These issues include: (1) determining the history of abuse or neglect; (2) assessing the resulting harm to the child; (3) assessing a parent's current capacity to provide for a child; and (4) predicting future risk and treatment response for children and parents. Each of these questions calls for different clinical assessment approaches and clinical expertise.

Topic: Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Clinical and pathologic analysis of 33 cases of uterine papillary serous carcinoma].

Most UPSC patients are in late stages at diagnosis. They often have extra-uterine metastasis and have a poor prognosis. Complete surgical staging is recommended, and postoperative chemotherapy seems to improve the prognosis.

Topic: Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) as a source of bioactive phytochemicals

Bioactive polyphenols are found in high amounts in berries, fruits and in other plant parts. The polyphenols of saskatoon berries grown in Canada has been studied to some extent, while there are no studies concerning Finnish varieties. Although the potential importance for nutraceutical and other food/non-food applications, limited information is available on the phytochemicals in different plant parts of useful crops.

Topic: Botanical Studies and Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural relationships between organizational service orientation, contact employee job satisfaction and citizenship behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of how organization service orientation (OSO) influences job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of customer‐contact employees. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were carried out in 149 hotel firms. One customer‐contact employee and the manager provide the data in each hotel. The constructs were measured using existing scales. Structural equation models were used to examine the effects. Findings The empirical results enable one to identify the dimensions of OSO on which the managers of hotel firms should place greater emphasis in order to stimulate employee job satisfaction and OCB. Research limitations/implications The results are limited by the specificity of the geographic context. It would be of interest to complete the model by incorporating other variables, such as employees' trust of management, role conflict and role ambiguity, and measures of performance such as service quality. Practical implications The results indicate that managers must use service communicative leadership and service encounter practices to influence directly employee OCB and human resource management to improve employee job satisfaction and OCB. Originality/value The paper provides empirical evidence about the positive effect of the OSO on employee job satisfaction and citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic and mechanistic significance of the chemical activation of ciprofloxacin for conjugation chemistry

Abstract Ciprofloxacin is an important category of fluroquinolones that has versatile applications in imaging when conjugated with different ligands. For conjugation chemistry, chemical activation of the carboxylic group at the third position is an important step. Here, we study the kinetics for the activation of the acidic group of ciprofloxacin by N ‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The extent of the reaction was followed by registering a decrease in absorbance at 332, 412, and 423 nm by monitoring the consumption of ciprofloxacin as a function of [NHS], [DCC], pH, ionic strength, and temperature by varying only one parameter at a time while keeping all other parameters constant. The reaction between ciprofloxacin and NHS, in the presence of DCC, exhibits a 1:1:1 stoichiometry. The reaction is found to show first‐order dependence on the concentration of ciprofloxacin to the order of 10 3 s −1 ( k obs ) and zero order with respect to the concentrations of NHS and DCC, respectively. The activation parameters and thermodynamic quantities vis‐à‐vis E a , ΔH ≠ , and ΔS ≠ have been computed with respect to the forward reaction as 12.024, 131.43, and 27.31 J K −1 mol −1 , respectively, which provided additional support to the proposed kinetic pathway. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 349–356, 2009

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘A Slice of Life’: Food Narratives and Menus from Mass-Observers in 1982 and 1945

This paper reports on an analysis of hitherto unexamined documentary data on food held within the UK Mass Observation Archive (MOA). In particular it discusses responses to the 1982 Winter Directive which asked MOA correspondents about their experiences of food and eating, and the food diaries submitted by MOA panel members in 1945. What is striking about these data is the extent to which memories of food and eating are interwoven with recollections of the lifecourse; in particular social relations, family life, and work. It seems asking people about food generates insight into aspects of everyday life. In essence, memories of food provide a crucial and potentially overlooked medium for developing an appreciation of social change. We propose the concept ‘food narratives’ to capture the essence of these reflections because they reveal something more than personal stories; they are both individual and collective experiences in that personal food narratives draw upon shared cultural repertoires, generational memories, and tensions between age cohorts. Food narratives are embodied and embedded in social networks, socio-cultural contexts and socio-economic epochs. Thus the daily menus recorded in 1945 and memories scribed in 1982 do not simply communicate what people ate, liked and disliked but throw light on two contrasting moments of British history; the end of the second world war and an era of transition, reform, individualization, diversity which was taking place in the early 1980s.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Contribution of Integrated Farming System (IFS) Units Towards Household Income in Kerala

From an economic point of view, combining various components in the same unit helps to diversify farmers’ income. An attempt was made to determine the contribution of various components, adopted in an IFS unit, to the annual household income among the IFS units of Kerala during 2022. In this study, total annual household income was computed by summing up the gross income from all the on-farm sources. The study revealed that 52.78 per cent of respondents were found in the low-income category, followed by one-third in the medium-income category. Among the selected components, the contribution of income from the crop component, dairy component, and poultry component, was found to be low to medium, while the trend in income generation from fish component was from medium to low. In the case of apiculture and mushroom components, medium to high-income generation was also noticed. It was also found that farm size, experience in farming, economic motivation, training undergone, and herd size were positively correlated with the total farm income of households.

Topic: Agricultural Systems and Practices
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Secondary and Tertiary Hydrofluorocarbons by Electrooxidation in Fluorosulfuric Acid: Novel Route to Perfluoroketones and Tertiary Alcohols.

Abstract The indirect electrooxidation of the substrates (IV) using the in situ formed intermediate peroxide (F‐SO2‐O‐)2 (V) gives rise to the fluorosulfates (I).

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient method of moments for compact large planar scatterers in homogeneous medium

An efficient method for analyzing large planar scatterers in a homogeneous medium is implemented. A space domain method of moment (MoM) approach has been employed since the corresponding spatial Green's functions are simple and available in closed form. In order to minimize the singular behavior attached to the Green's functions, the electric field is expressed in terms of vector and scalar potentials, thus leading to a mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) system. The mutual impedance coefficients to be determined are four-fold integrals and contribute to much of the computation cost of the matrix filling. They can be reduced to two-fold by transferring the del operator (/spl nabla/) from the Green's functions kernel to the testing functions and substituting analytical expressions for the resulting cross correlations between the expansion and testing functions. The remaining two-fold integrals are evaluated numerically using a quadrature method which minimizes the number of functional evaluations. The singular integrals are evaluated efficiently by transforming them to polar coordinates. The selection of a uniform grid further introduces some symmetries. These symmetries are exploited to reduce the computational complexity to less than one fifth of the original. Hence, we can save the computer memory usage by mapping the calculated coefficients in an innovative way rather than storing them explicitly. The resulting equation system is solved by applying an iterative matrix solving algorithm called the conjugate gradient (CG). The matrix multiplications encountered in the implementation of CG algorithm are efficiently performed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) thus reducing the matrix solution time significantly. The present approach is applied for analyzing large planar scatterers and the results are presented.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Information content of earnings in an unregulated market: the co-operative cotton mills of Lancashire, 1880–1900

This paper analyses the relationship between earnings and dividend announcements and contemporaneous stock returns. Many previous studies have examined this association, although few address its social and historical context. In late 19th century Lancashire, there was an unusual coincidence of co-operative ownership and the trading of ownership rights on a liquid stock market. Using stock market numbers extracted from the local financial press in conjunction with other relevant archives, this paper examines the usefulness of accounting information provided in circumstances without regulatory duress and where its disclosure was subject to the scrutiny of a well-informed, and socially diverse, shareholding class. Results suggest that employee involvement via ownership rights is likely to improve the information content of accounting reports.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic 4D CT angiography for detection of macrovascular vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage

Objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major contributor for poor neurological outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Even though only 36% of patients with angiographic vasospasm present with clinical features of DCI, angiographic vasospasm remains an important[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fungal antigens as a source of sensitization and respiratory disease in Scottish maltworkers

Summary Mycological and serological studies were carried out as part of a survey of respiratory disease in Scottish maltworkers. 70% of stained sputum smears from 574 workers showed the presence of higher plant cells and/or mycelia, and the spores of common environmental fungi. Penicillium spp. (90/%), Rhizopus stolonifer (48%) and yeasts (53%) were the dominant fungi in 699 sputum cultures, and showed a similar proportional distribution in 327 samples of grain, malt, culms and dusts from fifty‐six makings. 57% of 711 men were serologically positive for fungi, 22% for Aspergillus fumigatus , 20% for A. clavatus , 10% for A. niger , 16% for Cladosporium herbarum and over 3% for Rhizopus stolonifer. 6% of 132 men were positive for Penicillium cyclopium. No precipitating antibodies to antigens from Alternaria tenuis, Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida albicans, Geotrichum candidum, Rhodotorula glutinis or Trichoderma viride were detected in tests of forty sera. Sera from the 5.2% of men with symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis showed increased reactivity to mycelial antigens from Aspergillus clavatus. The fungus was cultured from 21 % of maltings, 7% of all environmental samples and from the sputa of 8% of maltworkers.

Topic: Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gandhi and the Contemporary World

Let me at the very beginning present my personal conviction which should be treated also as an assumption to be tested in public. Those who live in 'divergent problems' will meet each other at the converging point of cultures. Living in 'divergent problems' is a way of life, of continuously returning to the ultimate meaning, radically transcendental. E. F. Schumacher's detailed discussion on 'divergent problems' is an extremely helpful guide in comprehending the meaning of this term.f As a concrete example, Gandhi's style of life will be recalled: beginning and ending the day with prayers. The assessment of the contemporary world by those who live in 'divergent problems' is radically critical, so they suffer immensely in it. At this level of understanding of history, they (we) are speaking about their (our) common problems because they (we) are becoming aware of the destiny of man. From this perspective, Gandhi stands at the converging point of cultures in the contemporary world. He is therefore universally significant as a symbol beyond, and in, cultures in the contemporary world. This symbol stands for the ultimate meaning which is both transcendental and immanent. It indicates the only meaningful destiny of man and of mankind. This ultimate meaning is critically related to the meanings of different cultures which are the foundation of each respective society. In other words, each society has the meaning at its centre.

Topic: Indian History and Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Theoretical analysis of magnetic field interactions with aortic blood flow

The flow of blood in the presence of a magnetic field gives rise to induced voltages in the major arteries of the central circulatory system. Under certain simplifying conditions, such as the assumption that the length of major arteries (e.g., the aorta) is infinite and that the vessel walls are not electrically conductive, the distribution of induced voltages and currents within these blood vessels can be calculated with reasonable precision. However, the propagation of magnetically induced voltages and currents from the aorta into neighboring tissue structures such as the sinuatrial node of the heart has not been previously determined by any experimental or theoretical technique. In the analysis presented in this paper, a solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equation was obtained by the finite element technique for blood flow through the ascending and descending aortic vessels in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field. Spatial distributions of the magnetically induced voltage and current were obtained for the aortic vessel and surrounding tissues under the assumption that the wall of the aorta is electrically conductive. Results are presented for the calculated values of magnetically induced voltages and current densities in the aorta and surrounding tissue structures, including the sinuatrial node, and for their field-strength dependence. In addition, an analysis is presented of magnetohydrodynamic interactions that lead to a small reduction of blood volume flow at high field levels above approximately 10 tesla (T). Quantitative results are presented on the offsetting effects of oppositely directed blood flows in the ascending and descending aortic segments, and a quantitative estimate is made of the effects of assuming an infinite vs. a finite length of the aortic vessel in calculating the magnetically induced voltage and current density distribution in tissue. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences