jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
State machine execution traces for verifying and validating robot behaviors

This work demonstrates that a novice user of the Monterey Phoenix (MP) tool can encode their expertise of robot mission tasks in the form of a finite state machine. State machine diagrams are among several approaches available for describing behavior. They are appropriate for capturing and understanding behavior rules of systems that can be described in terms of possible states and state transitions. Tools that offer state machine automation enable modelers to test the activation of states and trace the transitions between states, providing assistance with verification and validation of the behavior logic. The United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point's Robotics Research Center (RRC) in collaboration with the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), developed a minimal executable state machine model to test its implementation of behavior logic for a single robot agent in Project Aquaticus, a human-robot teaming capture the flag competition. Monterey Phoenix, a formal behavior modeling language, approach, and tool was used to express the behavior logic of the robots participating in this game as a finite state machine model. MP was used to generate every possible trace through the state machine behavior logic up to the specified scope limit. This model informed the team's understanding of the desired states for the single robot competitor in Aquaticus, assisted in identifying behavior improvements, and identifying dependencies among behaviors and where the process could possibly go wrong. In essence, this work demonstrates that encoding the finite state machine of the single robot tasks in MP allows experts to verify and validate expected robot behaviors and adjust as needed. Future work will look to expand from the single agent modeling to multi-agent modeling in MP to generate and verify possible sequences of events for the Aquaticus competition between competing teams. By using this modeling method to understand the state of each actor and their response to inputs from other actors, the team expects to improve the communication within the human-robot team and ultimately achieve a better understanding of command intent in complex, contested environments. Today's mission-critical systems are actually, "systems of systems" with complexity that will surpass the designer's cognitive ability to anticipate all interactions. Without tools, languages, and methodologies to analyze system-level behavior early in the design, mission systems can be at risk of emergent behaviors that may negatively impact safety and security. Our team believes that the MP environment can assist commanders in anticipating potentially unsafe or insecure emergent behaviors of human-robot teams in complex, contested environments and adjust human intent/command intent accordingly for allowable combat crew drill behaviors required to achieve assigned tasks and missions.

Topic: AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Joint Media Streaming Optimization of Energy and Rebuffering Time in Cellular Networks

Streaming services are gaining popularity and have contributed a tremendous fraction of today's cellular network traffic. Both playback fluency and battery endurance are significant performance metrics for mobile streaming services. However, because of the unpredictable network condition and the loose coupling between upper layer streaming protocols and underlying network configurations, jointly optimizing rebuffering time and energy consumption for mobile streaming services remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that effectively addresses the above limitations and optimizes video transmission in cellular networks. We design two complementary algorithms, Rebuffering Time Minimization Algorithm (RTMA) and Energy Minimization Algorithm (EMA) in this framework, to achieve smoothed playback and energy-efficiency on demand over multi-user scenarios. Our algorithms integrate cross-layer parameters to schedule video delivery. Specifically, RTMA aims at achieving the minimum rebuffering time with limited energy and EMA tries to obtain the minimum energy consumption while meeting the rebuffering time constraint. Extensive simulation demonstrates that RTMA is able to reduce at least 68% rebuffering time and EMA can achieve more than 27% energy reduction compared with other state-of-the-art solutions.

Topic: Green IT and Sustainability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Simulation and Analysis of Multi-Product Manufacturing Systems,

The development of a FORTRAN based simulation program which can be used to study and analyze any multi-product manufacturing system is the topic of this paper. A general one step Markov transition matrix is developed to generate each production unit's output. A detailed economic and statistical study of the manufacturing network is available as program options. The program was validated by using hypothetical conditions and assumptions on the Army's new system of munitions production SCAMP. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Visual Terrain Identification and Surface Inclination Estimation for Improving Human Locomotion with a Lower-Limb Prosthetic

Lower-limb robotic prosthetics can benefit from context awareness to provide comfort and safety to the amputee. In this work, we developed a terrain identification and surface inclination estimation system for a prosthetic leg using visual and inertial sensors. We built a dataset from which images with high sharpness are selected using the IMU signal. The images are used for terrain identification and inclination is also computed simultaneously. With such information, the control of a robotized prosthetic leg can be adapted to changes in its surrounding.

Topic: Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Paeoniflorin protects myocardial cell from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase

Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, and paeoniflorin (PEF) has been shown to exert an antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of PEF on DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. In cultured H9c2 cells, different concentrations (1, 10, or 100 μmol/L) of PEF was added for 2 h prior to exposure to DOX (5 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by hoechst 33342 staining, and caspase-3 expression and activity. The mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 and NOX4 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Intracellular ROS and NOX activity were measured by assay kit. The results showed that DOX significantly increased myocardial cell apoptosis, increased caspase-3 expression and activity concomitantly with enhanced ROS production, and increased NOX2, NOX4 mRNA and protein expression, and NOX activity. These effects were remarkably inhibited by pretreatment of PEF. Our results suggested that PEF has a protective effect against DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis through a mechanism involving a decrease in ROS production by inhibition of NOX2, NOX4 expression, and NOX activity.

Topic: Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vacuum-assisted Closure for the Treatment of Lymphorrhea Following Surgery of the Femoral Artery

Lymphorrhea is a common complication after inguinal dissection for exposure of the femoral artery.Injury of the lymphatics occurs frequently because they are anatomically close to blood vessels.Uncontrolled lymph drainage increases postoperative morbidity, and wound infection may follow.Despite current treatment options, lymphorrhea after inguinal dissection is still difficult to manage and results in a prolonged hospital stay.A vacuum-assisted closure device was used in a 72-year-old woman who had lymphorrhea after vascular surgery by groin incision.Vacuum-assisted control for lymphorrhea resulted in earlier closure of the wound and reduced the length of hospital stay.

Topic: Surgical site infection prevention
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Britain's Barclay Report: Lessons for the United States

The result of the British government's 1980 inquiry into the personal social services was the Barclay report—an extensive look at the “natural experiment” in innovative practice carried out in Great Britain from 1970 to 1980. The findings and recommendations of the report discussed here are enlightening and provocative, and many important implications can be drawn for social work practice in the United States.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Precise geodetic measurements and their relation to seismological investigations

The use of precise measurements is becoming more general in efforts to interpret the phenomena connected with changes in the Earth's surface. It may be that the use of these precise measurements will eventually lead to a more exact knowledge as to how the Earth s surface originally became so irregular with great areas standing high, as continents, and other areas depressed, as ocean basins. The science of seismology is adding much to our exact data. The locations of the epicenters of earthquakes and the determination of their intensity and the rate of transmission of the earthquake‐shocks through the Earth's materials at different depths furnish information of the highest value.

Topic: Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Summary and Conclusions from the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists State-of-the-Science Conference on Microprocessor Knee Control Mechanisms

This article summarizes the results from deliberations by a multidisciplinary group of experts convened by the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists (the Academy) to review the state of the science regarding the use of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee mechanisms (MPKs). Although studies after 2009, bilateral amputations, and powered knee systems were not included in the original systematic review, these topics were discussed in the context of the State-of-the-Science Conference (SSC) to help guide further research proposals. On the basis of the comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, only a few articles presented up to moderate-quality evidence that the use of MPKs enhanced functional outcomes. Many of the clinical perspectives, however, should give reason and direction for future literature in a way that has yet to be fully explored and should help to differentiate the true functional advantages or disadvantages of the various types of MPKs and the impact that these have on a select patient population with transfemoral amputation.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pengetahuan Guru Pra Sekolah terhadap Ciri-Ciri Murid Berkeperluan Khas

Preschool education is an important phase in the life of a child between the ages of 4-6 years. Children in this phase will get an education that will shape them towards developing a balanced human capital as enshrined in the Malaysian Philosophy of Education. Thus, preschool teachers play an important role in making the government's dream of producing a generation of caliber. Being a teacher must have extensive knowledge not just pedagogical knowledge but knowledge of student behavior in the classroom to ensure that students behave according to their growing age. Therefore, it is important for a preschool teacher to have knowledge and awareness of the characteristics of students with learning difficulties. The purpose of this study is to see the extent of knowledge of preschool teachers on the characteristics of students with special needs. This study was conducted using quantitative methods and related questionnaires were distributed to the respondents involved. The findings of this study found that the knowledge of preschool teachers is at a high level. This shows that teachers today are highly knowledgeable either knowledge gained through experience or from other sources. Abstrak Pendidikan prasekolah adalah fasa yang penting dalam kehidupan seseorang kanak-kanak di antara umur 4-6 tahun. Kanak-kanak pada fasa ini akan mendapatkan pendidikan yang akan membentuk mereka ke arah membangunkan modal insan yang seimbang seperti yang termaktub dalam Falsafah Pendidikan Malaysia. Demikian,guru prasekolah memainkan peranan yang penting untuk menjadikan impian kerajaan melahirkan generasi yang berkaliber. Menjadi seorang guru mesti mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas bukan sekadar pengetahuan pedagogi tetapi pengetahuan terhadap tingkah laku murid di dalam kelas bagi memastikan murid-murid bertingkah laku menigkut umur tumbesaran mereka. Oleh itu,adalah penting bagi seseorang guru prasekolah untuk mempunyai pengetahuan dan kesedaran terhadap ciri-ciri murid bermasalah pembelajaran. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah bagi melihat sejauhmana pengetahuan guru prasekolah terhadap ciri-ciri murid berkeperluan khas. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan soal selidik berkaitan diedarkan kepada responden yang terlibat. Dapatan kajian ini mendapati pengetahuan guru prasekolah berada di tahap yang tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa guru pada masa kini berpengetahuan tinggi sama ada pengetahuan yang diperoleh melalui pengalaman mahupun dari sumber yang lain.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimizing Barley Flour Protein Extraction via Response Surface Methodology: Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity

One possible source of bioactive proteins has been identified: barley flour protein (BFP). An extraction process was optimised through the use of a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The results showed that an extraction temperature of 54.5ᵒC, a buffer-to-sample ratio of 41.8 mL/g, as well an extraction period of 120 minutes were the ideal parameters for achieving the greatest protein yield (17.8%). For these settings, the computed desirability value was 0.47 %. The BFP electrophoresis analysis showed that two different protein types were present. One kind was made up of low molecular weight proteins, known as globulins of the (2S) type, that ranged in size from 6 to 98 kDa. Furthermore, the presence of lectins was confirmed by a noticeable protein band of 27.6 kDa. Furthermore, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, the proteins isolated under optimal circumstances showed action in suppressing the release of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory inducers such IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These results imply that BFP may be used as a useful nutraceutical, offering proteins that are both functional and health-promoting.

Topic: Transgenic Plants and Applications
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF CALON GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN BAHAN AJAR MATEMATIKA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pengaruh penerapan project based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif calon guru matematika dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika . Desain penelitian ini adalah one-shot case study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan Tadris Matematika IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon pada semester genap tahun akademik 2017/201 8 dengan populasi terjangkau adalah mahasiswa jurusan Tadris Matematika IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon yang mengambil mata kuliah pengembangan bahan ajar matematika pada semester genap tahun akademik 201 7 /201 8 yakni sebanyak empat kelas yang berjumlah 138 orang mahasiswa. Dari populasi terjangkau dipilih satu kelas sampel dengan teknik cluster random s ampling, yaitu mahasiswa kelas C yang mengikuti mata kuliah pengembangan bahan ajar matematika sebanyak 35 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan angket respon mahasiswa terhadap penerapan project based learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan project based learning berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif guru matematika dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika . Keywords: berpikir kreatif, project based learning, bahan ajar, matematika

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Platyplectrurus madurensis: Srinivasulu, C., Srinivasulu, B. &amp; Ganesan, S.R.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING DENGAN APLIKASI ZOOM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS

The guided investigation is a varied process and includes observing activities, formulating relevant questions, performing experiments, or experiments on students. Research on guided exploratory learning models with zoo applications to improve the process and learning outcomes of physical dynamic electrical material. This study aims to determine the Inkuri guided learning model with the Zoom application to improve the process and learning outcomes of dynamic electrical materials physics. This research was carried out on SMA N 1 Remboken in Class XII IPA 1 and XII IPA 2. This research method is experimental research. Research data based on post-test results. The average learning outcomes of students treated with the guided query learning model using the Zoom application was 64.966667 with a maximum score of 87 and a minimum score of 46. While the average learning outcomes of students who were treated with the Zoom application Application guided learning without guided inquiry were 58.48387097 with a maximum score of 78 and a minimum score of 44. From the data, the data normality test was performed, which showed Lcount &lt;Ltable, which means that the experimental and control class data were normally distributed, then a hypothesis test was carried out. Data on student learning outcomes from the post-test. The results of the research by calculating the one-way T-test formula show that in the learning model for guided queries with the zoom application, the value of tcount = 2.9920534101 &gt; ttable = 2.00099538 and then H0 is rejected. It can therefore be concluded that the average learning outcomes of the students using the guided inquiry learning model with the Zoom application are higher than the average learning outcomes of the students using the guided inquiry learning.

Topic: STEM Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Empirical Study of the Factors which Have an Impact on University Performance in EU Countries, Reflected by the Shanghai Ranking

Abstract The study tries to prove the existence of a significant relationship between EU countries academic excellence measured by international university rankings scores and the level of attainment for the EU strategic objectives in higher education and research, as are measured by the countries’ values of the afferent indicators. The study was applied to the correlation between some headline indicators of the Europe 2020 strategy and the Shanghai Ranking scores. Measuring the strength of a linear association between variables by using the Pearson Correlation, a strong correlation was found between the country Shanghai scores and the country values for indicators such as: “public expenditure in education”, “expenditure in R&amp;D”, “patent stock”, and “lifelong learning”. A moderate correlation with students’ international mobility was also identified.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aspects of Pain, Its Assessment and Evaluation from An Acupuncture Perspective

Pain is a major clinical problem that causes great suffering for the individual and incurs costs for society. Accurate assessment and evaluation of perceived pain is necessary for diagnosis, for choice of treatment, and for the evaluation of treatment efficacy. The assessment of an individual's pain is a challenge since pain is a subjective, multidimensional experience, and assessment is based on the person's own self-report. The results are often varied, possibly due to inter-individual variation, but also in relation to gender and aetiology. A gold standard for pain assessment is still lacking, but rating scales, questionnaires, and methods derived from psychophysical concepts, such as threshold assessments and perceptual matching, are used. In the evaluation of pain and associated variables, both systematic and individual variation should be taken into account, as should pain-associated symptoms. Recommendations for pain treatment should be based on the patient's specific needs. Therefore, it is important to assess the level of perceived pain taking individual variation into account. The methods used should preferably have proved to be useful in randomised controlled trials, and analysis of pain assessment should consider its non-metric properties. In the future, the use of studies with a naturalistic protocol together with individual assessment of individual pain responses could increase the internal and external validity.

Topic: Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The <i>GNAS</i> SNP c.393C&gt;T (RS7121) as a Marker for Disease Progression and Survival in Cancer

G-protein receptor signaling plays a key role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Aberrant activity of the stimulatory G<sub>s</sub>α subunit has been frequently associated with cancer. <i>GNAS</i> sequence alterations and conformational changes of G<sub>s</sub>α can both enhance or diminish its function and change downstream effects of G-protein receptor signaling. In this review and meta-analysis, we focus on the synonymous SNP rs7121 (<i>FokI</i>, c.393C>T), which is associated with either tumor progression or prolonged survival in cancer patients (overall hazard ratio = 2.256; p < 0.001). We finally point out the relevance of <i>GNAS</i> rs7121 as a promising biomarker and a prediction tool for therapy response and the need of further experiments to implement it into routine clinical diagnostics.

Topic: Genomics and Rare Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on Controlling Suspended Sediment Discharge in a Small River Basin that is Covered with Volcanic Ash Soil in a Snowy and Cold Region. II. Characteristics of Suspended Sediment Discharge from Basins with Open Upland Field.

火山灰土壌で覆われ,農耕地としての土地利用の割合が高い3つの小流域での浮流土砂の特徴を明らかにした.流域の表層地質の透水性が高いことから,流出率は小さいが,火山灰土壌は軽くまた固結が弱いことや凍結土壌により融雪時期に地表流が発生し,浮流土砂量が多く観測される.浮流土砂量は,既報されている流量(Q)と浮遊土砂量(Qs)の経験式,Qs=(4×10-8～6×10-6)Q2より3～4桁ほどオーダーが高い.また,融雪期では,降雨期より流水中の懸濁物質の濃度が高いことが特徴的である.浮流土砂の粒度分布をみると,農地の土壌と類似し,農地を土砂の生成起源と考えられる.浮流土砂は粒径0.1mm以下の細かいシルトを多く含み,wash loadとして流下するものが多く,河川での沈砂はわずかと考えられる.すなわち,農地から河川へ流入する前に土砂流出抑止対策を行うことが効果的である.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences