jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shaping the mitochondrial inner membrane in health and disease

Abstract Mitochondria play central roles in cellular energetics, metabolism and signalling. Efficient respiration, mitochondrial quality control, apoptosis and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA depend on the proper architecture of the mitochondrial membranes and a dynamic remodelling of inner membrane cristae. Defects in mitochondrial architecture can result in severe human diseases affecting predominantly the nervous system and the heart. Inner membrane morphology is generated and maintained in particular by the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), the F 1 F o ‐ATP synthase, the fusion protein OPA1/Mgm1 and the nonbilayer‐forming phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine. These protein complexes and phospholipids are embedded in a network of functional interactions. They communicate with each other and additional factors, enabling them to balance different aspects of cristae biogenesis and to dynamically remodel the inner mitochondrial membrane. Genetic alterations disturbing these membrane‐shaping factors can lead to human pathologies including fatal encephalopathy, dominant optic atrophy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease and Barth syndrome.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Computing the Barometric Efficiency of a Well

The barometric efficiency of a well may be determined from the slope of a graph of ∑ΔB against ∑ΔW, in which ∑ΔB is the arithmetical summation of the incremental changes, ΔB, of the atmospheric pressure and ∑ΔW is the summation of the incremental changes, ΔW, of the water level in the well, summed according to certain rules. The summing according to these rules eliminates the incremental components in the water level caused by influences other than changes in atmospheric pressure. The method provides a means for determining the barometric efficiency of a well more precisely.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Score Effect of "Four Attack" of Chinese Women's Volleyball Team in the World Series from 2003 to 2006

The paper analysis the score effect offour attack of Chinese Women's Volleyball team in the World Series from 2003 to 2006 and puts forward the reason for the failure of Chinese Women's volleyball team in 2006.

Topic: Sports Analytics and Performance
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
To be or Not to be: Social Entrepreneurship in Kashmir

Lack of opportunities, and a limited availability of employment in the politically unstable valley of Jammu and Kashmir, in India, has permeated each section of the society, creating new problems for the ethnic minority of Kashmiris in all spheres of their lives from healthcare, to drug addiction.A novel approach is presented, where the control of economic destiny is shaped by promoting the entrepreneurial spirit of the people, so that their dependence on public sector jobs is decreased.Social entrepreneurship, in addition to creating economic benefits for the general populace of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), would be an ideal solution for a society which has been at constant war with itself, both metaphorically and literally.In this policy article, in addition to literature review, we discuss the potential of Social Business in J&K, and present examples of market opportunities which, if explored and invested in properly, can predict a stable and self-sufficient future for Kashmir.

Topic: Indian History and Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The mechanics of brittle fracture

The study of brittle fracture of steel structures is hampered by the lack of a clear definition. A cleavage appearance does not preclude prior plastic deformation, nor is it completely free of shear. The lack of ductility is a doubtful criterion, because even the most brittle service failures show appreciable plastic deformation at the point of initiation. Finally the local stress magnitude at the point of initiation is always high and cannot serve as a distinguishing criterion. The problem of brittle failure becomes clearer only when the interdependence of local and overall behavior of the structure as a whole is considered. The notions of plastic deformation and limit analysis of structures have proved invaluable in this respect.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CSR Communication: The Use of Internet-Based Tools

Corporate communication plays an important role in establishing and maintaining transparent and open dialogues with different stakeholders to foster ethical and socially responsible actions. The advent of the internet not only reorganized the way in which companies collect information, but also redefined stakeholders’ expectations. This paper investigates the potential of internet-based communication tools to disclose CSR topics. The study analyses the extent to which the Dow Jones Sustainability Index companies are using the internet-based tools to foster one-way and two-way communications and, so, to develop a dialogue with stakeholders. The research suggests a prevalence of one-way communication through internet-based tools but, at the same time, a large dissemination of social network channels.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of C-tritylation products of two tricyclic analogs of acyclovir

A large number of boric acid bis(chelate) complexes with hydroxy acids are known and they crystal structures have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis.The crystal structures of boron coordination complexes with dibasic acids were not carried out.Potassium bis(malonato)borate (I) have been synthesized in anhydrous medium [1].In order to study the crystal structure we have performed the synthesis of I from a highly concentrated water solution [2].Well-shaped single crystals of it have been obtained and their full X-ray structural investigation has been carried out.The structure is formed from K + cations and spiran-type complex anions [(C 3 H 2 O 2 ) 2 B] -.In the complex anion two malonic acid residues are coordinated bidentically to the BO 4 -tetrahedron.Bond angles at boron atom vary from 107.4( 2)°t o 112.5(2)°.The B-O bond lengths being 1.454(2) ÷ 1.472(3) Å.The bond lengths C(sp 2 )-O, C(sp 2 )=O and C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) are 1.323(3) Å, 1.200(3) Å and 1.505(3) Å in average.The six-membered heterocycles -C-O-B-O-C-C-have the boat conformation.Four atoms of each two heterocycles are coplanar (± 0.024(1) Å), but atom B (-0.370 Å; -0.378 Å) and carbon atoms C(2) (-0.417(1)Å) and C(5) (-0.424(1)Å) are declined from this planes.The oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups O(3), O(4), O(7), O(8) are declined from the main plane of heterocyclic rings to the opposite side to the boron atom.The angles O-B-O, C-C-C, C-O-B and C-C-C in heterocycles amounting to 112.4(2)°, 113.7(2)°, 121.4(2)°and 116.2(2)°in average, respectively.The dihedral angles between the two planes 2C2O of heterocycles is 80.94°.Eight oxygen atoms surround each potassium ion, with K + -O distances ranging from 2.770(2) to 3.050(3) Å.The infinite chains of potassium polyhedra extend through the crystal almost parallel to the a axis.Each coordination polyhedron in the chain posses the mutual edge with two adjacent polyhedrons.Crystals are triclinic, space group P1: a=7.4071(2), b=7.9160(2), c=9.0752(2)Å; α=113.225(1),β=91.553(1),γ=104.760(2)°;V=467.95(2)Å 3 ; Z=2; d x =1.803 g .cm -3 ; R1=0.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
MNOS memory related effects of oxygen contamination in CVD silicon nitride

The effects of oxygen contamination on the memory-related characteristics of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) silicon nitride films are investigated. Oxygen was introduced in the gas phase during CVD, and the films are well characterized with regard to fractional concentrations of O, N, Si, and H. The effects of oxygen on the band gap, high field transport, and electrical alteration of accumulated charge are reported. Oxygen contamination strongly reduces the electrically-alterable charge accumulation in MNOS structures, and effective alteration is achieved only for approx. < 15 at.% oxygen when the nitride structure dominates in the oxynitride film. Oxygen has a small degradation effect upon charge retention even though it reduces high field transport. The oxygen contamination effect on electrical alteration is attributed to a band-gap related increase in barrier height to charge tunneling.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Poverty and the poor in Central and Eastern Europe

Poverty is a highly political matter in most regions and nations, but in no region is it as highly politicised as in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This is largely due to its long and politically determined history. In a majority of those countries, during the communist regime, the political authorities declared poverty dead; in some, poverty was considered temporary and exceptional. Consequently, poverty was not a subject of scientific investigation, and public discussions on poverty were banned for decades. In such countries as Romania, the USSR and Poland, the term ‘poverty’ was not officially used until the late 1980s1. In Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, poverty surveys were initiated in the 1960s, but the results remained confidential (Dziewiekca-Bokun et al, 1996, p 411; McAuley, 1996; Novak, 1996). However, in some of these countries (eg Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland), central statistical offices conducted surveys of the living conditions of their populations. In Poland, the problem of poverty assumed stark reality in research dealing with the satisfaction of societal needs. Investigations by the Polish Central Statistical Office and Institute of Social Economy of problems connected with the non-satisfaction of societal needs were always conducted with due consideration of the prevailing limitations of social factors of ascending magnitude: the family, the workplace, nation-wide social security and the sociopolitical alignment of the state. Thus, low-income families with children appeared as statistical categories. Several aspects of poverty, disguised in such terms as ‘indigence’ and ‘dysfunction’, step by step were taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it was the practice not to write about a negative situation, but rather to stress positive steps undertaken by the state to make things better.

Topic: Agricultural economics and policies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ancient Scottish Custom

Journal Article Ancient Scottish Custom Get access V. R. V. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-VI, Issue 150, 10 November 1900, Page 375, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-VI.150.375a Published: 10 November 1900

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Responsive Approach to the New Academic Mobility. Building a Conceptual Framework for Embedding Digitally Enhanced Mobility in a European University

The International Conferences on Economics and Social Sciences (ICESS) organized by Bucharest University of Economic Studies provide an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas. The conference takes place in Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Piata Romana 6, Bucharest, Romania.Contact: conference.icess[@]ase.ro The papers presented at the Conference are available online in the Conference Proceedings series (ISSN 2704-6524): Volume 2019 Collaborative Research for Excellence in Economics and Social Sciences, ISBN 9788366675322 Volume 2020 Innovative Models to Revive the Global Economy, ISBN 9788395815072 Volume 2021 Resilience and Economic Intelligence Through Digitalization and Big Data Analytics, ISBN 9788366675704 The past years’ uncertainties and pressures resulted from the pandemic, alongside new developments in social technology, 5G, cloud computing, augmented and virtual reality, generated the perfect setting for the metaverse to gain traction. Several companies found there’s a critical need to redefine the work environment and started exploring the metaverse concept beyond the entertainment sector. Thus, new tools for collaboration and data visualization within a digital shared space are being created, aiming for a fully immersive interaction between the virtual and the physical worlds within the next few

Topic: Regional resilience and development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
262 MEIOTIC SPINDLE CONFORMATION ASSESSMENT BY POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY IN SHEEP AND GOAT OOCYTES

Polarized light microscopy (PLM) allows detection of microtubule-polymerized protein in in vitro-matured sheep and goat oocytes (Caamaño et al. 2011 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 23, 226–227). Spindle birefringence, measured as the mean retardance value, has been proposed as a marker of meiotic spindle conformation in humans and mice. Because the conformation of the meiotic spindle cannot be readily assessed by PLM, in this study we aimed to measure the mean retardance value of normal and abnormal meiotic spindles from in vitro-matured prepubertal sheep and goat oocytes. Oocytes were matured in vitro for 27 h and were then individually assessed by PLM (Oosight System, Research Instruments Ltd., Falmouth, Cornwall, UK), and the mean retardance value was analysed in meiotic spindles using specific software (Oosight). Meiotic spindle conformation was determined in individual oocytes by immunostaining and chromatin detection, as described by Morató et al. (2008 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75, 191–201). A barrel-shaped spindle was considered a normal spindle configuration. Only oocytes with meiotic spindles identified by both PLM and immunostaining were used in this study. The experiment was replicated four times. Data were analysed by the general linear models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). A normal barrel-shaped spindle was observed in 80.8% of the sheep oocytes (n = 47) and in 83.9% of the goat oocytes (n = 62). In sheep, the mean retardance value in oocytes with a normal meiotic spindle conformation did not differ from that in oocytes with abnormal spindles (4.42 ± 0.26 nm v. 3.92 ± 0.54 nm). Similar results were obtained with goat oocytes with normal (2.94 ± 0.20 nm) v. abnormal spindle conformation (2.77 ± 0.08 nm). These results indicate that the mean retardance value does not distinguish between oocytes with normal and abnormal meiotic spindle conformation, as assessed by subsequent immunostaining. Grant support from INIA-RZ2007-00013-00-00. M. Muñoz was sponsored by RYC08-03454.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Personality and Forensic Psychology

Personality variables have frequently been ignored by scientists studying legal-forensic psychology. This neglect is likely due to legal psychology's focus on variables that are under the control of the legal system (e.g. eyewitness identification procedures, interrogation techniques, jury instructions). However, there are a few areas where legal-forensic psychologists have found it useful to explore the impact of personality and individual differences. This entry summarizes several of these areas including the personality characteristics of criminal suspects that raise the risk of false confessions, how the personalities of jurors might be expected to influence how evidence is evaluated and how verdicts are decided, individual differences in the tendency to engage in illegal workplace harassment, and the personality traits associated with criminality. Although we have some understanding of how personality influences the legal system, much work remains to be done.

Topic: Deception detection and forensic psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Quasiharmonic polynomials for Coxeter groups and representations of Cherednik algebras

We introduce and study deformations of finite-dimensional modules over rational Cherednik algebras. Our main tool is a generalization of usual harmonic polynomials for each Coxeter group â the so-called quasiharmonic polynomials. A surprising application of this approach is the construction of canonical elementary symmetric polynomials and their deformations for all Coxeter groups.

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunization against Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Female Beef Calves to Avoid Pregnancy at Time of Slaughter

Precocious puberty in beef heifers can result in unwanted pregnancies due to accidental breeding by farm bulls. Inbreeding, premature calving followed by dystocia and a high stillbirth rate or slaughtering of pregnant heifers are the consequences of this behaviour. The aim of the study was to postpone puberty by using Improvac®, an anti-GnRH vaccine. Therefore, n = 25 calves were twice vaccinated, once at the age of 5 and then at 6.5 months. n = 24 calves served as unvaccinated case controls. The onset of puberty was assigned if progesterone analysis in the blood exceeded 1 ng/mL. Progesterone values were excluded if the corresponding serum cortisol levels were ≥60 nmol/L. Our target was met, as in the vaccinated group none of the calves exceeded a progesterone value &gt;1 ng/mL until the scheduled age of slaughter at 11 months and only 12.5% of the animals exceeded a progesterone value of 1 ng/mL over the whole measuring period (&gt;400 days) compared with 56.5% of the calves in the control group. In conclusion, the favourable results from our study using the vaccine Improvac® represent an animal-friendly, non-invasive and reliable way to avoid early pregnancy in heifers as well as the slaughter of pregnant cattle.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards a reliability assessment of the Cn2 and wind speed vertical profiles retrieved from GeMS

The advent of a new generation of Adaptive Optics systems called Wide Field AO (WFAO) mark the beginning of a new era. By using multiple Guide Stars (GSs), either Laser Guide Stars (LGSs) or Natural Guide Stars (NGSs), WFAO significantly increases the field of view of the AO-corrected images, and the fraction of the sky that can benefit from such correction. Different typologies of WFAO have been studied over the past years. They all require multiple GSs to perform a tomographic analysis of the atmospheric turbulence. One of the fundamental aspects of the new WFAO systems is the knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of the turbulence above the telescope. One way to get to this information is to use the telemetry data provided by the WFAO system itself. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that WFAO systems allows one to derive the Cn2 and wind profile in the main turbulence layers (see e.g. Cortes et al. 2012). This method has the evident advantage to provide information on the turbulence stratification that effectively affects the AO system, property more difficultly respected by independently vertical profilers. In this paper, we compare the wind speeds profiles of GeMS with those predicted by a non-hydrostatical mesoscale atmospherical model (Meso-NH). It has been proved (Masciadri et al., 2013), indeed, that this model is able to provide reliable wind speed profiles on the whole troposphere and stratosphere (up to 20-25 km) above top-level astronomical sites. Correlation with measurements revealed to be very satisfactory when the model performances are analyzed from a statistical point of view as well on individual nights. Such a system appears therefore as an interesting reference to be used to quantify the GeMS wind speed profiles reliability.

Topic: Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Guatemala (Modern &amp; National Period)

Guatemala is stunningly beautiful and rich in geographic and cultural diversity. The country also has had a long history of oppression, ethnic discrimination, and violence, resistance, and rebellion. Historical legacies loom large and continue to shape lives and possibilities, but Guatemalans share in a culture of resilience and a remarkable ability to find joy in the present. The early republic took shape amid Latin America’s familiar struggles between liberal and conservative ideologies. After two years as part of Mexico (1821–1823) and then as the capital of an unstable, Liberal-led Central American federation, an independent Guatemala emerged under Conservative-backed Rafael Carrera, who dominated the nation for a quarter-century beginning in 1840. Liberals prospered with the growth of coffee after 1860, gaining national power in 1871. So-called Liberal dictatorships during the next seven decades (except for an important reformist interruption in the 1920s) solidified Guatemala’s agro-export model and opened the door to the Boston-based United Fruit Company, which created a powerful banana enclave. Between coffee and fruit, peasants and workers suffered land loss and labor coercion in the highlands where most of the country’s Maya majority lived and in lowland plantations where workers (Mayas and “Ladinos,” as non-Mayas are known) produced fruit, sugar, and cotton under onerous conditions. In 1944, reformists overthrew dictator Jorge Ubico, opening the way to Guatemala’s first democratic governments. The Arévalo and Árbenz presidencies brought changes in labor laws, voting rights, education, and, in 1952, land tenure. The agrarian reform law encouraged the distribution of fallow portions of the nation’s largest landholdings. The mobilization that the law spurred and fierce backlash it provoked prompted Árbenz’s ouster in 1954 in a coup orchestrated by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intervening in the name of anti-Communism. US-backed military dictatorships followed almost uninterrupted for the next thirty years, and a guerrilla oppositional insurgency began in 1960. The thirty-six-year war resulted in about 200,000 people killed, an estimated 83 percent of them Maya civilians. A truth commission found state forces to be responsible for 93 percent of killings, including genocidal army massacres of entire communities. The government and guerrilla forces signed an agreement in 1996 bringing an end to the war. The postwar era has been fraught and unsettled, with underlying causes of conflict unresolved; however, much has changed. A new “multiculturalism” is the norm, with at least lip service paid to the rights of Guatemalan Mayas, and a vocal civil society works openly and vigorously to insist on a government accountable to its citizens.

Topic: Politics and Society in Latin America
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences