jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hambre y pan duro. De los años de la autarquía a la gastronomía globalizada en ámbito español

This article addresses four different ways in which food speaks to us: a surrealist approach in Buñuel’s cinema, table manners as discussed by Larra, the shortage of food and hunger that was an obsessive and persistent reality during the Spanish civil war and post-war period of the 20th century, or the recent sophistication and cosmopolitanism of Spanish cuisine due to the transformation of the country by the presence of immigrants. This study focuses on highlighting the passage from a culture of survival during the civil war and the Franco regime to one of greater abundance and sophistication with the arrival of democracy. The current recognition of Spain as one of the gastronomic destinations in the world modifies part of a historical and cultural past, which includes the ethnic transformation experienced by Spanish society. From the perspective of food studies, one can examine the relationships of the individual with food, and analyse how this association produces a large amount of information about a society.

Topic: History of Education in Spain
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE INJECTIONS OF DIFFERENT DOSES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a signicant cause of visual impairment in individuals with diabetes. This prospective, randomized, comparative study aimed to assess the visual outcomes and complications associated with different doses (1mg, 2mg, and 4mg) of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide (IVTA) injection in patients with DME. A total of 75 patients were enrolled, and following clinical diagnosis, they were randomly assigned to receive one of the three IVTA doses. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract progression, and macular edema reduction were evaluated at various time points post-injection. The study found that visual acuity improvement was comparable between the 1mg and 2mg groups, showing 52% and 56% improvement, respectively. The 4mg group exhibited a slightly lower improvement rate of 40%. Fluorescein angiogram (FFA) results indicated that 68% of patients in the 2mg group showed improvement, while it was 60% in the 1mg group and 64% in the 4mg group. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a mean reduction in macular thickness of 59.28 micrometers in the 1mg group, 97.08 micrometers in the 2mg group, and 91.68 micrometers in the 4mg group. However, the study also observed signicant complications associated with the higher 4mg dose. Patients in the 4mg group experienced a more pronounced rise in IOP, which peaked at the end of the rst month post IVTA. Fortunately, IOP levels returned to normal by the end of three months with the help of topical antiglaucoma medications. Additionally, cataract progression was more prominent in the 4mg group compared to the 1mg and 2mg groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that administering a 4mg dose of IVTA does not yield signicantly better outcomes than a 2mg dose in terms of DME improvement. On the contrary, the higher dose is associated with a higher risk of complications, including elevated IOP and accelerated cataract formation in phakic patients. Thus, a careful consideration of the dose is crucial when using IVTA to treat diabetic macular edema.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
P33 Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia report forced expiratory manoeuvres during pulmonary function tests provoke nosebleeds and migraines

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Forced expiratory manoeuvres during lung function testing produce major pressure swings that are often overlooked by referring clinicians. Standard tests use a noseclip to prevent air leakage through the nose. Our goal was to examine how often the tests caused clinical sequelae such as nosebleeds in people with abnormal nasal and pulmonary vasculature due to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). <h3>Methods</h3> With ethical approval, self-reported migraine features and exacerbations were examined in HHT subjects with and without pulmonary AVMs, for a series of noninvasive and invasive investigations, using an unbiased online survey. <h3>Results</h3> Of 677 HHT-affected participants, 284 reported performing forced expiratory manoeuvres either with or without a noseclip in place. The median age was 54 years (interqurtile range 44–62) and the majority were female. All described nosebleeds: 130 (46%) experienced these at least daily, and a further 95 (33%) at least once per week. Only 1 of 253 (0.4%) reported nosebleeds were worse after finger oximetry measurements, compared to 53/282 (18.8%) after “blowing out hard without a noseclip” (chi-squared p &lt; 0.0001). A higher proportion still reported nosebleeds were worse when a noseclip was used (66/192 (34.3%, p = 0.0003)). Similarly, migraine headaches (which are more frequent in people with HHT), were reported to be worse after forced expiratory manoeuvres both with (10/85 (11.7%) and without (11/105 (10.5%)) a noseclip, but not after oximetry or being weighed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Noseclip use should be restricted in people already experiencing regular nosebleeds, and further pretest information may be required.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crystal structure of 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenylamino)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenylamino)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione compound was prepared from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with 3,5-dimethoxyphenylamine at reflux temperature according to literature reported previously. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to confirm the structure of the title compound. The title compound, C18H14ClNO4, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 7.0016(6) Å, b = 7.7937(6) Å, c = 15.6218(11) Å, β = 97.238(4)°, V = 782.44(11) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0525, wR2 = 0.1329. KEY WORDS: Naphthoquinones, Aminochloronaphthoquinone; X-Ray diffraction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2018, 32(3), 603-608.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v32i3.18

Topic: Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Estimation of Rivaroxaban Plasma Concentrations in the Perioperative Setting in Patients With or Without Heparin Bridging

Introduction: Estimation of residual rivaroxaban plasma concentrations may be requested before invasive procedures and some patients at high thromboembolic risk will have a bridging therapy with heparins when rivaroxaban is interrupted. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the STA-Liquid Anti-Xa assay (STA LAX) and the low and normal procedures of the Biophen Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors (DiXaI) assay, in patients with and without bridging with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine blood samples were collected from 77 patients on rivaroxaban at C TROUGH or before an invasive procedure. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were estimated using Biophen DiXaI, Biophen DiXaI LOW, and STA LAX and compared to liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurements. Stratifications were performed according to heparin bridging. Results: The Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX showed better correlation with LC-MS/MS measurements than Biophen DiXaI in patients not bridged with LMWH (R: 0.97, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively). However, the performance of Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX decreased when residual LMWH activity was present (R: 0.18 and 0.19 respectively) demonstrating that these tests are not specific to rivaroxaban. Conclusion: In patients not bridged with LMWH, we suggest to use the Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX for the estimation of rivaroxaban concentrations &lt;50 ng/mL. These results should be confirmed on a larger cohort of patients. Patients bridged with LMWH have inaccurate estimates of low levels of rivaroxaban and the 3 assays studied should not be used to estimate if it is safe to perform a procedure.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1372467.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Advertising in Contemporary Vietnam

This study investigates the question: What does a snapshot overview of outdoor advertising communicate about the expansion of capitalism in the emerging capitalist economy of Vietnam in the late 1990s. Examples of contemporary outdoor advertising collected on a short visit to Vietnam in late 1998, reflects recent changes in the Vietnamese economy, the standard of living of the urban Vietnamese consumer, as well as the political environment, especially the continued strength of the Communist party. There was a considerable amount of foreign advertising, but there was also a significant amount of social service advertising by the government for development projects. Foreign advertising tended to promote consumer goods which was to be expected. The most advertised products were repeat purchase consumables, with beer emerging as the most advertised product The fast-food internationals such as Coca Cola were not prominent and there was almost no advertising for cigarettes—the big American companies being notably absent. The lack of lifestyle advertising reflects government policies and a wish to control aspirations and outside influences. The expansion of international business has not resulted in the transformation of Vietnam into a Western style consumer society, because it is still a predominantly peasant-based rural society, that has one of the lowest income levels in the world.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New solar energy cells may prove economical

Research on solar cells focusses on finding devices that have the simultaneous promise of high efficiency, long lifetime and low cost. Therefore observers have been excited about the recent development of two new solar cells with efficiencies of 12–13% that might be many times cheaper than silicon cells—if they fulfil their potential to be made by thin-film techniques. The potential of these two devices for solar-energy conversion was recognized by Sigurd Wagner and Joseph Shay of Bell Laboratories as they were investigating new materials and components for optical communications systems. One of these cells consists of a thin film of cadmium sulfide deposited on a single-crystal substrate of indium phosphide.1 The other has a cadmium-sulfide layer on a single-crystal substrate of copper indium diselenide.2

Topic: solar cell performance optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
BENIGN MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID 1. Secretion of mucus and tears

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) is differentiated from other bullous diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. The affection is further described clinically, histologically and immunologically. Twenty‐nine eyes affected with BMMP were subjected to quantitative measurements of the tear secretion by the tear dilution test and of the conjunctival mucus secretion by measuring the vital‐stained mucous thread. Both secretions were found to be significantly reduced in about two‐thirds of the eyes (18 and 19 eyes, respectively). A normal tear secretion and a normal mucus secretion were combined in no more than four eyes. Secondary rudimentary or absent Marx' line was noticed in nine eyes with reduced tear secretion. Epithelial cell degeneration of the tarsal conjunctiva, demonstrated by vital staining with rose bengal (14 eyes) or iodonitrotetrazolium (15 eyes) was presumably secondary to reduced secretion of both tears and mucus. Leucoplakia of the tarsal conjunctiva was seen in 13 eyes, all with a reduced production of mucus. Ordinary slit lamp examination showed eight corneae to be affected (maculae, blood‐vessel invasion, dermatoid conjunctival invasion). However, examinations comprising wetting‐time, Schweitzer's polygonal pattern and vital staining yielded one or more abnormal tests in all the eyes, suggesting that the cornea or at least the precorneal film is pathological in all cases of BMMP.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
It's a Long Way to a Global Ethic: A Response to Leonard Swidler

My first reaction, as I considered Dr. Swidler's proposal, was to be overcome by a sense of historical weariness. As an active dialogue participant in the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies, I have had occasion to ponder the overall differences between the worldviews of Buddhism and Christianity-in particular, their overall differences with respect to ethics. Viewed historically with respect to their engagement with the social dimension of humankind, it often seems to me that Buddhism has done too little and Christianity far too much. When I look at Swidler's proposal, I must confess that I see another, and very typically Christian, error of commission. Forgive me, but I see a document riddled with imperialism. I am sure I am not the first to say this. This document, with the Golden Rule at its center, is unabashedly a Christian document attempting to speak for the religions of the world. Granted, others are invited to respond. But why should others respond to a Christian document pretending to be a global document? This is not to say that I, or anyone else, would necessarily disagree with the Golden Rule. The point is that there is no hope of arriving at real global consensus from a starting point within one tradition. How much better it would be to call for a dialogue toward the articulation of a global ethic, to invite eminent representatives of the worlds' religions to such a parley, and to hear how each would put the matter. Undoubtedly, the very terms of the discussion, the very structure of the issue, would be put very differently in each case. Then and only then would it become just praxis to invite all to search for common ground. To make a second, and related, point, I have suggested that global representatives of the world's religions should be involved in the effort from day one. Just as urgently, in this country, we liberals need to search for some kind of common ground with religious conservatives, if they will even talk to us. What is the point of discussion on a global level if we cannot talk across the fence in our own backyard? Indeed, it is the urgent need of intrareligious dialogue between liberals and conservatives in the same religion that leads me to be sympathetic to the intention of this project, despite my serious reservations concerning its

Topic: Religion, Ecology, and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.

Topic: Big Data and Digital Economy
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Red cell immunization in multiply transfused Malay thalassemic patients.

The development of red blood cell (RBC) isoimmunization with alloantibodies and autoantibodies complicate transfusion therapy in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. Thus, the frequency, causes and prevention of these phenomena were studied among these patients. Clinical and serological data from 58 Malay multiply transfused thalassemic patients who sought treatment at Hospital University Sains Malaysia were collected and analyzed prospectively. Blood samples were subjected to standard blood bank procedures to screen for antibody and subsequent antibodies identification. All patients in our hospital received blood matched for only ABO and Rh (D) antigens. There were 46 (79.3%) patients with Hb E/beta thalassemia, 8 (13.8%) with beta thalassemia major, 3 (5.2%) with Hb H Constant Spring and 1 (1.7%) with Hb H disease. Overall, 8.6% of the patients had alloantibodies and 1.7% had autoantibodies. The alloantibodies identified were anti-E, anti-c, anti-K, anti-Jka, anti-N and anti-S. In conclusion, the transfusion of matched blood is essential for chronically multiply transfused patients in order to avoid alloimmunization. Considering the high frequency of anti E at our hospital, it is advisable to genotype patients and match the red cells for E antigens in multiply transfused thalassemia patients.

Topic: Blood groups and transfusion
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Institutions as a Composite Concept: Explaining their Indeterminate Relationships with Economic Outcomes

Development economics witnessed an ‘institutional turn’ from the 1990s onwards, with an increasing number of studies examining the two-way relationships between institutions and growth or individual incomes. Most of these studies, however, rely on mathematical models with empirical evidence being analysed via econometrics, thus assuming the possibility that given institutions may be subsumed under quantifiable variables. Many possible channels of causality have been highlighted over time and are <italic>in fine</italic> inconclusive. The context-dependence of causalities has been underscored in the literature. This paper goes further, building an original conceptual framework that articulates concepts from development economics, evolutionary theories of institutions and cognitive psychology. Firstly, the paper argues that the modelling of causalities is hindered by the very nature of the concept of institutions: these are composite entities and include varieties of ‘forms’ and ‘contents,’ which are driven by heterogeneous evolutionary dynamics and combine between themselves according to contexts. The concept of institution thus does not have the properties of semantic precision and stability in time and space that is yet required by modelling. What econometric studies measure are indeed some public attributes (‘forms’) of an institution, but this gives little information on the beliefs that individuals have about a given institution. Building on this first argument, the second argument is that this <italic>ex ante</italic> causal indeterminacy (on economic outcomes) is compounded by the heterogeneity of institutions. Some institutions have the property in individual mental representations to be more resilient than others, notably those governing group memberships: in the context of a limited presence of other institutions (e.g., those created by states) they exhibit a greater social dissemination – but cumulative causation may generate ‘institutional traps.’ Understanding these ‘core’ institutions may explain the vicious circles in which some developing regions seem to be caught. <italic>JEL Codes: O10, O43, B52</italic>

Topic: Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Southeast Asia, bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872 have traditionally been classified into two wide-ranging species, T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915. Our comparative phylogeographic analyses based on two mitochondrial and seven nuclear genes, combined with our multivariate morphological analyses, show that these species actually represent cryptic species complexes that share a similar biogeographic history in three major regions, i.e., Sundaland, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina. Our molecular dating estimates suggest that Pleistocene climatic oscillations and sea level changes have repeatedly isolated ancestral populations of Tylonycteris spp. in distant bamboo forest refugia. The analyses indicate, however, that populations of the T. pachypus complex were less affected by forest fragmentation in mainland Southeast Asia than those of the T. robustula complex. Accordingly, we propose several taxonomic changes within the genus Tylonycteris: the species T. fulvida and T. malayana are revalidated, and a new species, T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin sp. nov., endemic to northern Indochina, is described.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences