jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Graph-based Simultaneous Localization and Bias Tracking

We present a factor graph formulation and particle-based sum-product algorithm for robust localization and tracking in multipath-prone environments. The proposed sequential algorithm jointly estimates the mobile agent's position together with a time-varying number of multipath components (MPCs). The MPCs are represented by "delay biases" corresponding to the offset between line-of-sight (LOS) component delay and the respective delays of all detectable MPCs. The delay biases of the MPCs capture the geometric features of the propagation environment with respect to the mobile agent. Therefore, they can provide position-related information contained in the MPCs without explicitly building a map of the environment. We demonstrate that the position-related information enables the algorithm to provide high-accuracy position estimates even in fully obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) situations. Using simulated and real measurements in different scenarios we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art multipath-aided tracking algorithms and show that the performance of our algorithm constantly attains the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (P-CRLB). Furthermore, we demonstrate the implicit capability of the proposed method to identify unreliable measurements and, thus, to mitigate lost tracks.

Topic: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Serving differently: CEO regulatory focus and firm stakeholder strategy

Abstract Research summary A fundamental question in stakeholder strategy research is why firms adopt certain strategies or approaches to engage with key stakeholders. Recent research suggests that CEOs' characteristics can influence their general decisions to engage with stakeholders, however, this work has yet to consider why CEOs might utilize specific stakeholder strategies. In this article, we demonstrate how CEO regulatory focus influences the nature of a firm's stakeholder strategy. Specifically, we argue that CEO prevention focus is positively associated with engagement in governance‐oriented initiatives and receptivity to governance‐oriented stakeholder activism, while CEO promotion focus is positively associated with engagement in socially‐oriented initiatives and receptivity to socially‐oriented stakeholder activism. We find strong support for our hypotheses in a sample of 374 publicly‐traded firms. Managerial summary The strategies a firm uses to engage with stakeholders can influence its performance, yet little is known about what makes firms focus on certain stakeholders over others. To better understand this, we examined CEO regulatory focus in a sample of large public companies. Our findings reveal that the way CEOs view decisions—either based on a sense of duty, obligations, and responsibility or as a means to achieve high ideals—influences their tendency to prioritize shareholder concerns or the concerns of a broader array of stakeholders. This suggests that executives should be aware of their own natural tendencies to inject their motivations into their firm's stakeholder strategy and consider avenues to balance their perspectives for the sake of the firm.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Morphology and growth characteristics of human renal cell carcinoma in correlation to cytogenetic data].

Previous cytogenetical studies of renal cell carcinomas reported non-uniform results, but some chromosomes or chromosomal segments seemed to be affected more frequently by chromosomal aberration. This study was undertaken to determine a possible association between morphology, growth fraction (Ki-67, APAAP-method), and cytogenetical data of renal cell carcinomas. Our results show a variety of chromosomal aberrations, which do not correlate with morphological typing of the tumors. A single characteristic anomaly could not be found. There is an inverse correlation between complexity of chromosomal aberrations and size of growth fraction. For further interpretation of our results detailed molecular-genetic studies are necessary, which should investigate whether growth factors, oncogenes, or other genes are influenced by the reported chromosomal aberrations.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Three-Component Coupling via the Squarate Ester Cascade as a Concise Route to the Bioactive Triquinane Sesquiterpene Hypnophilin

[reaction: see text] A squarate ester cascade is used to provide in one step, via the coupling of three reactants, a highly oxygenated linear triquinane product. The latter is transformed in nine steps into hypnophilin. The access route involves a combination of chlorination, reduction, dehydration, and oxidation maneuvers in the proper sequence.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Representation and ranking of fuzzy numbers with heptagonal membership function using value and ambiguity index

In many real life problems, the parameters used to characterize the uncertainty or vagueness or impreciseness in information are either triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. But it is not always possible to restrict the membership function to either triangular or trapezoidal form. In this paper, a new form of non-normal fuzzy number named as Heptagonal fuzzy number is introduced and its arithmetic operations are defined. Further, an attempt has been made to give a new version of definition for value and ambiguity of non-normal fuzzy numbers and based on this new definition a parametric ranking method is proposed for ordering Heptagonal fuzzy numbers. Finally, an application of Heptagonal fuzzy number in fuzzy assignment problem is given and it is proved that the optimal value obtained using Heptagonal Fuzzy number is more optimal than the solution obtained by using Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mating behavior of Patagonian octopus (Octopus tehuelchus) under laboratory conditions

Patagonian octopus (<em>Octopus tehuelchus</em>) is a species that holds an artisanal fishery in the northern area of the Argentine Patagonian coast and has a potential for aquaculture development. This work aimed to characterize the mating behavior of four pairs of Patagonian octopuses under laboratory conditions. Results showed that this species has a complex reproductive behavior. Remarkably, female remained inside her shelter during pre-copula, copulation and intercourse events. Male and female faced by the oral face during sexual intercourse, which lasted 3 to 5 min. The observations will contribute to the better management of the reproductive specimens of the species in captivity.

Topic: Cephalopods and Marine Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Reimagining IDO Pathway Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy via Downstream Focus on the Tryptophan–Kynurenine–Aryl Hydrocarbon Axis

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–programmed death-ligand 1 signaling pathways. Tumors from patients showing sustained treatment response predominately demonstrate a T cell–inflamed tumor microenvironment prior to, or early on, treatment. Not all tumors with this phenotype respond, however, and one mediator of immunosuppression in T cell–inflamed tumors is the tryptophan–kynurenine–aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Trp–Kyn–AhR) pathway. Multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression may be mediated by this pathway including depletion of tryptophan, direct immunosuppression of Kyn, and activity of Kyn-bound AhR. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a principle enzyme in Trp catabolism, is the target of small-molecule inhibitors in clinical development in combination with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Despite promising results in early-phase clinical trials in a range of tumor types, a phase III study of the IDO1-selective inhibitor epacadostat in combination with pembrolizumab showed no difference between the epacadostat-treated group versus placebo in patients with metastatic melanoma. This has led to a diminution of interest in IDO1 inhibitors; however, other approaches to inhibit this pathway continue to be considered. Novel Trp–Kyn–AhR pathway inhibitors, such as Kyn-degrading enzymes, direct AhR antagonists, and tryptophan mimetics are advancing in early-stage or preclinical development. Despite uncertainty surrounding IDO1 inhibition, ample preclinical evidence supports continued development of Trp–Kyn–AhR pathway inhibitors to augment immune-checkpoint and other cancer therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A comparison of palpable and impalpable cryptorchid testes using CD‐99 immunohistochemistry

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and morphological features of impalpable and palpable cryptorchid testes, as there is debate about how much effort is appropriate to bring an impalpable undescended testicle into the scrotum. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively 189 cases of undescended testicles in 168 patients who were explored surgically by one surgeon between August 1997 and September 2000. Operative findings of palpability, testicular size and location were collected. The mean tubular diameter (MTD), tubular fertility index (TFI) and mean number of germ cells per tubule (MGCT) were calculated using immunohistochemistry for CD‐99, a Sertoli‐cell marker, to classify germ cells more accurately. RESULTS Sixty‐three testes (33%) were impalpable; the median age at the time of surgical exploration was 23 months for both groups. The mean ( sd ) testicular volume for the impalpable and palpable groups were 0.83 (0.38) and 1.22 (0.54) mL, respectively. Using fitted curves of size vs age, impalpable testes were smaller than palpable testes at all ages, with the difference nearly statistically significant ( P &lt; 0.06). The MTD, TFI and MGCT decreased with age in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the groups. A sub‐analysis of abdominal and extra‐abdominal testes confirmed no significant differences. CONCLUSION Impalpable testes are smaller at the time of exploration than palpable cryptorchid testes. However, histological factors predict that impalpable testes have a significant chance of future fertility and therefore orchidopexy is appropriate. CD‐99 immunohistochemistry makes objective morphological information easier to obtain.

Topic: Testicular diseases and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surrendering to ‘too powerful’ technologies: From the F-111 to the MQ-28 Ghost-Bat drone

Against a background of contemporary hyperconnected warfare and accelerating advances in drone/robotic systems, this article discusses the airborne drone in relation to concepts of surrender, both historic and contemporary, literal and metaphoric. Drawing upon Paul Virilio’s (2002[1991]) observation that, during the first Gulf War, ‘technologies employed are too powerful’, the author examines how continuing military aspirations for technological speed and lethality represent surrender to the lure of techno-power. Two incidents of human beings surrendering to drones, in Kuwait in 1991 and in Ukraine in 2023, anchor an exploration of literal and metaphoric surrender implications. This discussion is expanded through a military aviation history lens and an art historical perspective. The latter includes close visual and contextual analyses of James Rosenquist’s 1964–1965 painting F-111 and the author’s multi-piece 2022–2023 painting Ghost Bat.

Topic: Global Security and Public Health
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DEMENTIA-PLAN: An Agent-Based Framework for Multi-Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Dementia Care

Mild-stage dementia patients primarily experience two critical symptoms: severe memory loss and emotional instability. To address these challenges, we propose DEMENTIA-PLAN, an innovative retrieval-augmented generation framework that leverages large language models to enhance conversational support. Our model employs a multiple knowledge graph architecture, integrating various dimensional knowledge representations including daily routine graphs and life memory graphs. Through this multi-graph architecture, DEMENTIA-PLAN comprehensively addresses both immediate care needs and facilitates deeper emotional resonance through personal memories, helping stabilize patient mood while providing reliable memory support. Our notable innovation is the self-reflection planning agent, which systematically coordinates knowledge retrieval and semantic integration across multiple knowledge graphs, while scoring retrieved content from daily routine and life memory graphs to dynamically adjust their retrieval weights for optimized response generation. DEMENTIA-PLAN represents a significant advancement in the clinical application of large language models for dementia care, bridging the gap between AI tools and caregivers interventions.

Topic: Advanced Graph Neural Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;strong&gt;In Memoriam: Uwe H. Humpesch&lt;/strong&gt;

Our mutual friend and colleague passed away on July 17th 2014, just a few days after the end of an exclusive tutorial on mayfly identification which we had held together at the Vienna University. The urn containing his ashes was buried in the Central Cemetery of Vienna on the 12th of August.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Method of approximating a window signal with uneven time samples

АннотацияВ работе приведена актуальность цифровой обработки сигналов с неравномерной дискретизацией в частотной области.Представлена методика составления алгоритма вычисления полинома по неравномерным по времени выборкам значений оконного сигнала.Полученный полином оконного сигнала на основе последующей равномерной дискретизации позволяет производить цифровой спектральный анализ посредством

Topic: Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conformational Prerequisites for α-Lactalbumin Fibrillation

Bovine alpha-lactalbumin, a small acidic Ca(2+)-binding milk protein, formed amyloid fibrils at low pH, where it adopted the classical molten globule-like conformation. Fibrillation was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the beta-structure content and a characteristic increase in the thioflavin T fluorescence intensity. S-(Carboxymethyl)-alpha-lactalbumin, a disordered form of the protein with three out of four disulfide bridges reduced, was even more susceptible to fibrillation. Other partially folded conformations induced in the intact protein at neutral pH, either by the removal of Ca(2+) or by the binding of Zn(2+) to the Ca(2+)-protein complex, did not fibrillate, although Zn(2+)-loaded alpha-lactalbumin precipitated out of solution as amorphous aggregates. Our data suggest that the transformation of a protein into an essentially unfolded (thus, highly flexible) conformation is required for successful fibril formation, whereas more rigid (but still flexible) species may form amorphous aggregates.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–Independent Risk Stratification on the Waiting List for Liver Transplantation

Background and Aims The Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is used for clinical decision‐making and organ allocation for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and was previously upgraded through inclusion of serum sodium (Na) concentrations (MELD‐Na). However, MELD‐Na may underestimate complications arising from portal hypertension or infection. The von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen (vWF‐Ag) correlates with portal pressure and seems capable of predicting complications in patients with cirrhosis. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate vWF‐Ag as an adjunct surrogate marker for risk stratification on the waiting list for OLT. Approach and Results Hence, WF‐Ag at time of listing was assessed in patients listed for OLT. Clinical characteristics, MELD‐Na, and mortality on the waiting list were recorded. Prediction of 3‐month waiting‐list survival was assessed by receiver operating characteristics and net reclassification improvement. Interestingly, patients dying within 3 months on the waiting list displayed elevated levels of vWF‐Ag ( P &lt; 0.001). MELD‐Na and vWF‐Ag were comparable and independent in their predictive potential for 3‐month mortality on the waiting list (area under the curve [AUC], vWF‐Ag = 0.739; MELD‐Na = 0.764). Importantly, a vWF‐Ag cutoff at 413% identified patients at risk for death within 3 months of listing with a higher odds ratio (OR) than the previously published cutoff at a MELD‐Na of 20 points (vWF‐Ag, OR = 10.873, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.160, 36.084; MELD‐Na, OR = 7.594, 95% CI, 2.578, 22.372; P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Ultimately, inclusion of vWF‐Ag into the MELD‐Na equation significantly improved prediction of 3‐month waiting‐list mortality (AUC, MELD‐Na–vWF = 0.804). Conclusions A single measurement of vWF‐Ag at listing for OLT predicts early mortality. Combining vWF‐Ag levels with MELD‐Na improves risk stratification and may help to prioritize organ allocation to decrease waiting‐list mortality.

Topic: Liver Disease and Transplantation
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The arthritis of inflammatory childhood myositis syndromes.

Nonerosive arthritis involving the knees, wrists, elbows, and fingers is a frequent manifestation of JDM and other idiopathic childhood myositis. The arthritis is seen early in the course of JDM and often responds to treatment. However, the arthritis may recur with tapering of corticosteroids despite remission of the JDM. In a significant proportion of JDM cases, arthritis is the major sequela and may warrant further medical therapy or intraarticular corticosteroid injections.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radlkofera calodendron: IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group &amp; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Ecology and Conservation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Direct Product Theorem for One-Way Quantum Communication

We prove a direct product theorem for the one-way entanglement-assisted quantum communication complexity of a general relation f ⊆ 𝒳×𝒴×𝒵. For any 0 &lt; ε &lt; δ &lt; 1/2 and any k≥1, we show that &#13;\nQ¹_{1-(1-ε)^{Ω(k/log|𝒵|)}}(f^k) = Ω(k⋅Q¹_{δ}(f)),&#13;\nwhere Q¹_{ε}(f) represents the one-way entanglement-assisted quantum communication complexity of f with worst-case error ε and f^k denotes k parallel instances of f.&#13;\nAs far as we are aware, this is the first direct product theorem for the quantum communication complexity of a general relation - direct sum theorems were previously known for one-way quantum protocols for general relations, while direct product theorems were only known for special cases. Our techniques are inspired by the parallel repetition theorems for the entangled value of two-player non-local games, under product distributions due to Jain, Pereszlényi and Yao [Rahul Jain et al., 2014], and under anchored distributions due to Bavarian, Vidick and Yuen [Bavarian et al., 2017], as well as message compression for quantum protocols due to Jain, Radhakrishnan and Sen [Rahul Jain et al., 2005]. In particular, we show that a direct product theorem holds for the distributional one-way quantum communication complexity of f under any distribution q on 𝒳×𝒴 that is anchored on one side, i.e., there exists a y^* such that q(y^*) is constant and q(x|y^*) = q(x) for all x. This allows us to show a direct product theorem for general distributions, since for any relation f and any distribution p on its inputs, we can define a modified relation f̃ which has an anchored distribution q close to p, such that a protocol that fails with probability at most ε for f̃ under q can be used to give a protocol that fails with probability at most ε + ζ for f under p.&#13;\nOur techniques also work for entangled non-local games which have input distributions anchored on any one side, i.e., either there exists a y^* as previously specified, or there exists an x^* such that q(x^*) is constant and q(y|x^*) = q(y) for all y. In particular, we show that for any game G = (q, 𝒳×𝒴, 𝒜×ℬ, 𝖵) where q is a distribution on 𝒳×𝒴 anchored on any one side with constant anchoring probability, then &#13;\nω^*(G^k) = (1 - (1-ω^*(G))⁵) ^{Ω(k/(log(|𝒜|⋅|ℬ|)))}&#13;\nwhere ω^*(G) represents the entangled value of the game G. This is a generalization of the result of [Bavarian et al., 2017], who proved a parallel repetition theorem for games anchored on both sides, i.e., where both a special x^* and a special y^* exist, and potentially a simplification of their proof.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cecal schwannoma: A case report and literature review

Schwannomas are slow-growing tumors originating from Schwann cells and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the cecum. We report the case of a 59-year-old man who had recurrent diarrhea and was found to have a mass in the cecum during endoscopic examination. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a slightly hypodense, homogeneous mass in the cecum with moderate enhancement. The tumor was laparoscopically resected. Histopathological examination indicated spindle-shaped tumor cells arranged in a fascicular or palisading pattern, with minimal cellular atypia and rare mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for S100 and SOX10. The final pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. The patient was followed up for 34 months postoperatively without recurrence or metastasis. Cecal schwannoma is a rare benign neoplasm. We present this case and review the clinical and imaging features of previously reported cases of cecal schwannoma to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve clinicians’ understanding of this uncommon tumor.

Topic: Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

The etiology of a leafspot disease of pearl millet in Zimbabwe was investigated using Koch’s postulates. Bipolaris sp., Exserohilum sp., and bacteria, were isolated from lesions but only bacterial isolates produced the original symptoms following inoculation of a susceptible pearl millet line, 852B. Biochemical and physiological tests, including LOPAT, indicated the bacterium was the fluorescent pseudomonad, Pseudomonas syringae . This represents the first report of P. syringae on pearl millet in Africa.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences