jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
&lt;b&gt;Synthesis, characterization, thermal degradation and electrical conductivity of poly-4-[(pyridin-2-yl-imino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol and polymer-metal complexes&lt;/b&gt;

Poly-4-[(pyridin-2-yl-imino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol (P-4-PIMBD) was synthesized via the oxidative polycondensation reaction by using sodium hypo chloride (NaOCl) oxidant in an aqueous alkaline medium at 70 oC. The yield of the polymer was found to be 68 %. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by TGA-DTA and solubility tests. 1H and 13C NMR data shows that the polymerization proceeded by the C-C coupling of ortho and para positions according to &#8211;OH groups of 4-[(pyridin-2-yl-imino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol (4-PIMBD). According to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements, the number-average molecular weight (Mn), weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PDI) values of P-4-PIMBD were found as 9400, 12800 g mol-1 and 1.362, respectively. The polymer-metal complex compounds were synthesized with acetates salts of Cd, Co, Cu, Zn and Ni. Thermal analyses of these metal-complex compounds investigated in N2 atmosphere between 15-1000 &#176;C. Also, FT-IR spectra and electrical conductivities of polymer-metal complexes were measured by four-point technique.&#160;KEY WORDS: Poly-4-[(pyridin-2-yl-imino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol, Thermal analysis, Oxidative polycondensation, Electrical conductivity&#160;&#160;Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008, 22(2), 237-246.

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunoreconstitution after human bone marrow transplantation.

Immunologic reconstitution was studied in 24 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation, 17 allogenic and 7 autologous. The GVHD prophylaxis consisted of methotrexate and prednisone. The complete immune evaluation was to be carried out prior to transplantation at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after BMT and subsequently every 6 months up to 4 years. The investigated immunological parameters included total lymphocyte count, B-lymphocytes, T3-, T4-, T8-lymphocytes, T4/T8 ratio, natural killer cell activity, ADCC, lymphocyte blastogenic response and serum-IgG, -IgA, -IgM. Absolute lymphocyte count, B-lymphocytes, T3-lymphocytes recovered to normal levels after 6 months. T4-lymphocytes decreased significantly during the first 180 days posttransplant. T8-lymphocytes increased after 6 months to values higher than normal and the T4/T8 ratio decreased significantly and continued below 0.8 for 48 months. Patients without and with GVHD had low lymphocyte response to PHA and Con A for the first 6 months.

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating Prospects: The Criteria Used to Hire New Teachers

Teacher hiring decisions have far-reaching effects. Accordingly, it is important that prospective teachers be scrutinized carefully. The process that yields new teacher hires also deserves careful analysis. This article reports on key findings derived from a larger study that examined the overall organization of the hiring process and how criteria were weighted in both the screening and selection phases of the process throughout school divisions in Manitoba, Canada. The study, which used a Likert-like scale questionnaire, obtained information from superintendents in three-quarters of Manitoba’s school divisions. Using a multi-criteria decision making analysis approach, the findings suggest three general themes, namely: (a) there is significant variation among divisions regarding the degree of centralization of hiring, (b) evaluations made during interviews are the most important factor in deciding whom to hire, and (c) orthodox measures of academic proficiency are de-emphasized. The findings suggest that while candidates obviously deserve careful scrutiny, so too does the process that purports to yield the best results from any given group of applicants. Les décisions relatives à l’embauche de personnel enseignement engendrent des conséquences de grande ampleur. Il est donc important d’examiner minutieusement les dossiers des candidats. Le processus menant à l’embauche de nouveaux enseignants mérite également une analyse attentive. Cet article présente les principaux résultats tirés d’une plus grande étude ayant porté sur l’organisation globale du processus d’embauche et explique l’évaluation des critères lors de la phase d’examen préliminaire et celle de sélection dans les divisions scolaires du Manitoba, au Canada. L’étude a eu recours à un questionnaire avec échelle de Likert pour obtenir des renseignements de la part de surintendants dans les trois-quarts des divisions scolaires du Manitoba. L’application à la prise de décisions d’une méthode d’analyse multicritères a débouché sur des résultats qui révèlent trois thèmes généraux, notamment : (a) il existe une différence significative entre les divisions quant au degré de centralisation de l’embauche, (b) les évaluations réalisées durant les entrevues constituent le facteur le plus important dans la prise de décisions quant au candidat à embaucher, et (c) on ne met pas l’accent sur les mesures orthodoxes du rendement scolaire. Les conclusions portent à croire que si les candidats méritent évidemment un examen minutieux, le processus qui prétend tirer les meilleurs résultats à partir d’un groupe donné de candidats doit également faire l’objet d’une analyse rigoureuse.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Improvement
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Penetration of chlorhexidine coating into tooth enamel: A surface analytical study

Chlorhexidine has proved an efficient antibacterial agent and has been used successfully to prevent new carious lesions in the teeth of adults and children. The substantivity of chlorhexidine has not been identified with any precision, but is certainly not of short duration. In this work, surface analytical techniques have been applied to study the chemical composition, distribution, and penetration of an applied liquid coating containing chlorhexidine onto tooth enamel in order to ascertain mechanisms by which chlorhexidine keeps its long term substantivity. Several hypotheses have been put forward with regard to its substantivity, including concepts of chlorhexidine remaining as a reservoir upon application either in the epithelial surfaces, the tooth surface, or the biofilm. Alternatively, it has been proposed the teeth themselves act as the reservoir. To study this, a chlorhexidine containing liquid coating was applied to the surface of teeth. These were subsequently transversely cross-sectioned. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were performed on both surfaces to ascertain chemical composition and distribution of the applied coating. It was found that it formed a coating layer of about 25 μm thick. High spatial ToF-SIMS images showed little evidence of substantial diffusion of chlorhexidine into the enamel, either from the surface or via the enamel lamellae.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Monitoring and Managing Cloud Computing Security using Denial of Service Bandwidth Allowance

Over the next decade, cloud computing has a good chance of becoming a widely used technology. However, many challenges face the cloud to be overcome before the average user or business team will trust their vital information with a cloud server. Most of these challenges tie into developing sound security measures for the cloud. One of the largest security obstacles is how to defend against a Denial-of-Service (DOS) or Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attacks from taking down a cloud server. DOS attacks are nothing new; many strategies have been proposed and tested against DOS attacks on networks. However, none have been able to completely prevent DOS attacks. The search continues for an effective solution to keep data available to legitimate users who need it when the cloud network that stores that data is the target of a DOS attack. The method proposed (DOSBAD) in this paper will explain how effectively detecting the bandwidth limit of a cloud network and the bandwidth currently in use to know when a DOS is beginning along with the discussion of very few patents. Keywords: Bandwidth, cloud computing, denial of service.

Topic: Cloud Data Security Solutions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rectifying curves and geodesics on a cone in the Euclidean 3-space

A twisted curve in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb E^3$ is called a rectifying curve if its position vector field always lie in its rectifying plane. In this article we study geodesics on an arbitrary cone in $\mathbb E^3$, not necessary a circular one, via rectifying curves. Our main result states that a curve on a cone in $\mathbb E^3$ is a geodesic if and only if it is either a rectifying curve or an open portion of a ruling. As an application we show that the only planar geodesics in a cone in $\mathbb E^3$ are portions of rulings.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nb2pwr_PortThrough #151599.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 2 (BL2). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL2.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Domestic Violence in the <scp>U</scp> nited <scp>S</scp> tates

Between 2003 and 2012, domestic violence accounted for 21 percent of all violent victimizations. This type of abuse can appear in several forms including physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, or economic. Domestic violence includes rape, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault committed by intimate partners, immediate family members, or other relatives. Individuals affected by domestic violence encompass all cultures, ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds, and victims can be women, men, children, and the elderly. The act determines the crime, but the relationship between the victim and perpetrator determine whether the interaction is domestic. Each state dictates the laws regarding domestic violence and so the determining variables can vary from state to state. The costs of domestic violence are systemic, impacting not only the family, but society as a whole. Because of the complexity of this issue, addressing and understanding the dynamics of domestic violence has multiple challenges and perspectives.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Research on Clothing Image Classification Models Based on CNN and Transfer Learning

Traditional clothing image classification method, which involves artificially extracting features of clothing images, are not effective owing to images having complex background and clothing distortion. With the purpose of improving the classification accuracy, eight models are designed based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning. These CNN models are trained on the dataset named Street-FashionData having eight categories of clothing images, and their performances are evaluated and compared by conducting classification tests. The experimental results show that model ICM-C and model ECM-C have high classification accuracies of 97.2% and 97.8%, respectively. These two models have the same convolutional bases as pre-trained Inception-v3 and pre-trained EfficientNet-B0, respectively, moreover, their entire networks need to be trained. The experimental results have proved the efficiency of classification models described in this paper.

Topic: Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The optimal density of cellular solids in axial tension

For cellular bodies with uniform cell size, wall thickness, and shape, an important question is whether the same volume of material has the same effect when arranged as many small cells or as fewer large cells. To answer this question, for finite element models of periodic structures of Mooney-type material with different structural geometry and subject to large strain deformations, we identify a nonlinear elastic modulus as the ratio between the mean effective stress and the mean effective strain in the solid cell walls, and show that this modulus increases when the thickness of the walls increases, as well as when the number of cells increases while the volume of solid material remains fixed. Since, under the specified conditions, this nonlinear elastic modulus increases also as the corresponding mean stress increases, either the mean modulus or the mean stress can be employed as indicator when the optimum wall thickness or number of cells is sought.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Unconquered vs. the Unscrupulous: The Seminoles' relations with the whites

My thesis focuses on the Seminole tribe of Florida and its relations with whites. Seminoles in many ways differed from their neighboring tribes and even their fierce resistance to the Removal Act in the Florida War made them stand out in the (Native) American history.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adapting RRT growth for heterogeneous environments

Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) are effective for a wide range of applications ranging from kinodynamic planning to motion planning under uncertainty. However, RRTs are not as efficient when exploring heterogeneous environments and do not adapt to the space. For example, in difficult areas an expensive RRT growth method might be appropriate, while in open areas inexpensive growth methods should be chosen. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm, Adaptive RRT, that adapts RRT growth to the current exploration area using a two level growth selection mechanism. At the first level, we select groups of expansion methods according to the visibility of the node being expanded. Second, we use a cost-sensitive learning approach to select a sampler from the group of expansion methods chosen. Also, we propose a novel definition of visibility for RRT nodes which can be computed in an online manner and used by Adaptive RRT to select an appropriate expansion method. We present the algorithm and experimental analysis on a broad range of problems showing not only its adaptability, but efficiency gains achieved by adapting exploration methods appropriately. © 2013 IEEE.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Clinical Value of Long Noncoding RNA DDX11-AS1 as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-mortality malignant tumor with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, making predicting clinical outcomes challenging. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential usefulness of lncRNA DDX11 antisense RNA 1 (DDX11-AS1) as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The TCGA-LIHC datasets were searched for patients’ clinical information and RNA-seq data, which were then collected. Relative expression levels of DDX11-AS1 in HCC tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. In order to test the sensitivity and specificity of the DDX11-AS1 receiver, receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized. The association of DDX11-AS1 expression with clinicopathological factors or prognosis was statistically analyzed. We found that the levels of DDX11-AS1 were higher in HCC specimens than in normal specimens. ROC analysis showed that DDX11-AS1 was a useful marker for discriminating HCC tissues from normal nontumor specimens. According to the results of clinical tests, a high level of DDX11-AS1 expressions was significantly related to the pathologic stage ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>p</a:mi> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>0.015</a:mn> </a:math> ) and the histologic grade ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mo>&lt;</c:mo> <c:mn>0.001</c:mn> </c:math> ). Survival studies indicated that patients with higher DDX11-AS1 expression had a significantly poorer overall survival ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>p</e:mi> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>0.005</e:mn> </e:math> ) and progression-free interval ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>p</g:mi> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>0.003</g:mn> </g:math> ) than those with lower DDX11-AS1 expression. Multivariate survival analysis verified that DDX11-AS1 expression level was an independent predictor for HCC patients. Overall, DDX11-AS1 may serve as a tumor promotor during HCC progression, and its high level may be a potential marker for HCC patients.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reducing Ferrite Tuner Power Loss by Bias Field Rotation

It has been suggested that ferrite tuners for rf cavities with the magnetic bias field perpendicular to the rf magnetic field would have greatly reduced rf losses. Recent measurements at Los Alamos National Laboratory appear to confirm this effect. A simple model proposed here allows the calculation of tuning characteristics for a variety of bias schemes. The model shows that the perpendicular bias scheme mentioned above requires very much larger bias levels than does the parallel bias scheme in order to achieve the same tuning range with a particular ferrite tuner. However, further investigation with the model has led to the discovery that the use of perpendicular bias at low frequency and parallel bias at high frequency requires only a modest increase in the bias field. In effect, the ferrite is kept highly magnetized, reducing ferrite losses, and is tuned primarily by rotating the bias field direction with respect to the rf field direction. The resulting reduction in dissipation can significantly reduce the amount of ferrite required per cavity.

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of protein coding regions in RNA transcripts

Massive parallel sequencing of RNA transcripts by the next generation technology (RNA-Seq) is a powerful method of generating critically important data for discovery of structure and function of eukaryotic genes. The transcripts may or may not carry protein-coding regions. If protein coding region is present, it should be a continuous (spliced) open reading frame. Gene finding in transcripts can be done by statistical (alignment-free) as well as by alignment based methods. We describe a new tool, GeneMarkS-T, for ab initio identification of protein-coding regions, complete or incomplete, in RNA transcripts assembled from RNA-Seq reads. Important feature of GeneMarkS-T is unsupervised estimation of parameters of the algorithm that makes unnecessary several conventional steps used in the gene prediction protocols, most importantly the manually curated preparation of training sets. We demonstrate that i/the GeneMarkS-T self-training is robust with respect to the presence of errors in assembled transcripts and ii/accuracy of GeneMarkS-T in identification of protein-coding regions and, particularly, in prediction of gene starts compares favorably to other existing methods.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Creating Understanding That Cultivates Change

Dissemination of research findings through the traditional vehicles of academic publication no longer fulfills funders' expectations. "Deliverables" now often include evidence of effect, or demonstrable change. This article describes strategies for intentional effort to create change in human behavior as an outcome of discoveries made through interpretive research. The approaches emerged from and are illustrated by one phenomenological study but have potential applicability in any investigation of everyday experience. Strategies direct attention to (a) the sociopolitical context; (b) personalized findings; (c) ownership of findings; (d) the use of defense mechanisms; (e) conflict resolution; (f) opportunities for change; and (g) support during the implementation of changes. The author illuminates the benefits, the risks, and the moral responsibility associated with using qualitative research findings to affect change.

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
How Do Plants Respond to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress?—A Systematic Review

Plants are frequently exposed to one or more abiotic stresses, including combined salinity-drought, which significantly lowers plant growth. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the responses of plants to combined salinity and drought stress. However, a meta-analysis-based systematic review has not been conducted yet. Therefore, this study analyzed how plants respond differently to combined salinity-drought stress compared to either stress alone. We initially retrieved 536 publications from databases and selected 30 research articles following a rigorous screening. Data on plant growth-related, physiological, and biochemical parameters were collected from these selected articles and analyzed. Overall, the combined salinity-drought stress has a greater negative impact on plant growth, photosynthesis, ionic balance, and oxidative balance than either stress alone. In some cases, salinity had a greater impact than drought stress and vice versa. Drought stress inhibited photosynthesis more than salinity, whereas salinity caused ionic imbalance more than drought stress. Single salinity and drought reduced shoot biomass equally, but salinity reduced root biomass more than drought. Plants experienced more oxidative stress under combined stress conditions because antioxidant levels did not increase in response to combined salinity-drought stress compared to individual salinity or drought stress. This study provided a comparative understanding of plants’ responses to individual and combined salinity and drought stress, and identified several research gaps. More comprehensive genetic and physiological studies are needed to understand the intricate interplay between salinity and drought in plants.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Had there been an axe handy: transatlantic modernism, Virginia Woolf and Jean Toomer

This article looks at transatlantic modernist intertextuality and identifies African American influences and voices in the writing of Virginia Woolf. While comparisons between Woolf and the Harlem Renaissance writer Jean Toomer have occasionally been made in transatlantic studies of the matrix of modernism, little attention has been paid to the possibility of more direct or precise connections and intertexts. This essay offers a reading of a precise intertext between Woolf and Toomer and suggests further citations by Woolf of African American writing.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences