jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathies in Qatar identifies enrichment of pathogenic sarcomere gene variants and possible founder disease mutations in the Arabs

Abstract Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are serious inherited heart diseases with various causative mutations identified. The full spectrum of causative mutations remains to be discovered, especially in understudied populations. Methods Here, we established the DOHA Registry and Biobank for cardiomyopathies in Qatar, followed by sequencing of 174 genes on 51 HCM and 53 DCM patients, and 31 relatives. Results In HCM, the analysis of 25 HCM‐associated genes showed that 20% of HCM cases had putative pathogenic variants for cardiomyopathy, mainly in sarcomere genes. Additional 49% of HCM cases had variants of uncertain significance, while 31% of HCM cases had likely benign variant(s) or had no variants identified within the analyzed HCM genes. In DCM, 56 putative DCM genes were analyzed. Eight percent of DCM cases had putative pathogenic variants for DCM, in the TTN gene while 70% of cases had variants of uncertain significance, in the analyzed DCM genes, that will need further pathogenicity assessment. Moreover, 22% of DCM cases remain unexplained, by having likely benign variant(s) or having no variants detected in any of the analyzed DCM genes. Conclusion We identified or replicated at least four recurrent variants among cardiomyopathy patients, which could be founder disease mutations in the Arabic population, including a frameshift variant (c.1371_1381dupTATCCAGTTAT) of unknown significance in the FKTN gene which seems to cause DCM in homozygosity, and HCM in heterozygosity. In vivo and/or in vitro functional validation need to be pursued in order to assess the pathogenicity of the identified variants.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Testing of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment

The purpose of this research project is to develop the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) from a computer-based model into a space-qualified prototype. Past research projects have developed RIGEX's command and control, structural analysis, and integration with the orbiter. This thesis details the organization, assembly, and test planning for the RIGEX protoflight model. Strict requirements imposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must be fulfilled for any payload to travel into space. Based on the requirements set forth by NASA documentation, this thesis establishes appropriate assembly procedures for the construction of a space payload. Detailed design changes are described, as well as any problems encountered during assembly. Various lessons learned throughout the course of this project are discussed.

Topic: Spacecraft Design and Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary figure 3 from Ceacam1L Modulates STAT3 Signaling to Control the Proliferation of Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure 3. The Ceacam1L/STAT3 axis regulated the expression of stemness-related genes in NSCL61s&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-respect and responsibility: Understanding individuals' entitlement beliefs and their association with concern for others' rights

People differ in their understanding of the (civic) rights they are endowed with in modern societies. Whereas a perception of having more rights than others has been linked to over-individualistic attitudes and negative interpersonal behavior, a perception of having the same rights as others (i.e., self-respect) can be assumed to facilitate a balance between concern for one's own and others' rights. In two cross-sectional studies, we showed that self-respect was associated with concern for human rights and with concern for the rights of future generations even when controlling for other entitlement beliefs. The results also showed that a feeling of social responsibility mediated these relationships. The broader consequence for balancing rights and duties to achieve social harmony are discussed.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Perception and Perceptual-Motor Processes in Children with Down's Syndrome

SummarySome controversy exists regarding visual discrimination of form and its execution. The hypothesis that an inability to reproduce a display is not necessarily an indication that the display has been incorrectly perceived was examined in 34 mongol children (15 male, 19 female, mean CA 11.9 years) matched for MA with a control group of 25 normal children (10 male, 15 female, mean CA 4.2 years). Fifteen mongol children (six male and nine female) were identified who revealed perceptual deficits on block construction tests, and experimental work was conducted to determine the extent and nature of this impairment. The construction tests consisted of various displays made from five equal sized blocks. This was followed by an identification test consisting of two dimensional representations of the block designs printed on cards. All 15 mongol children were able to recognize and identify correctly a display from a selection which corresponded to a stimulus display, and 11 were able to go further and recognize a two dimensional representation of the stimulus. There was no significant difference between males and females. The experimental work reported here supports the hypothesis.

Topic: Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
FPN Attenuation by Reset-Drain Actuation in the Linear-Logarithmic Active Pixel Sensor

The three FET CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) operating in the linear-logarithmic mode is one of the most efficient wide-dynamic-range imagers. However, the quality of the image generated at the focal-plane array is often compromised by fixed-pattern noise (FPN) between pixels. The classical correlated double sampling (CDS) technique is used to reduce FPN in imagers operating in the linear mode. But in the complementary linear-logarithmic mode CDS does not work properly and alternative techniques must be applied to reduce FPN. The ordinary alternative techniques increase either the complexity of the pixel or its external circuitry. In order to avoid these problems a new technique was devised to reduce FPN that can be applied to the basic three FET APS architecture. With the purpose to assert the efficacy of the proposed technique a small array was fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is able to reduce FPN quite steadily within the whole illumination range used to test the array. And therefore, the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of the array is also improved within the whole range of operation.

Topic: CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Turbidity formed in beer at low temperatures. Affinity of proanthocyanidins and their oxidation products for haze-forming proteins of beer and the formation of chill haze.

Amongthe polyphenols found in beer, proanthocyanidins were found to have a specific affinity for the haze-forming proteins in beer and retained their capacity to form a chill haze. Proanthocyanidins pentamer and tetramer had the highest affinities for the haze-forming proteins, followed by the trimer, dimer and catechins. During the brewing process, proanthocyanidin trimer and polymeric proanthocyanidins easily formed insoluble complexes with proteins in the wort as a result of their high affinity for proteins; consequently, these were not found in finished beer, whereas such proanthocyanidin dimers as procyanidin B3, and catechin survived in finished beer. Procyanidin B3 and catechin, when stored in beer or a buffer solution, seemed to undergo oxidative polymerization and increased their affinity for the haze-forming proteins to form a extensive chill haze.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Sex Determination and Cross-Compatibility in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) species are predominantly dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate individuals. Cross-pollination is, therefore, essential for gene flow among and within yam species to achieve breeding objectives. Understanding genetic mechanisms underlying sex determination and cross-compatibility is crucial for planning a successful hybridization program. This study used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach for identifying genomic regions linked to sex and cross-compatibility in water yam (Dioscorea alata L.). We identified 54 markers linked to flower sex determination, among which 53 markers were on chromosome 6 and one on chromosome 11. Our result ascertained that D. alata is characterized by the male heterogametic sex determination system (XX/XY). The cross-compatibility indices, average crossability rate (ACR) and percentage high crossability (PHC), were controlled by loci on chromosomes 1, 6 and 17. Of the significant loci, SNPs located on chromosomes 1 and 17 were the most promising for ACR and PHC, respectively, and should be validated for use in D. alata hybridization activities to predict cross-compatibility success. A total of 61 putative gene/protein families with direct or indirect influence on plant reproduction were annotated in chromosomic regions controlling the target traits. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic control of D. alata sexual reproduction. It opens an avenue for developing genomic tools for predicting hybridization success in water yam breeding programs.

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Political Structure at Basra Gulf in the Period of Ali b. Ebu Talib and Yezid b. Muaviye

At this work about the political structure of the Basra Gulf, we dwelled upon the general geography of the district and its political history. The political situation of the district in this period is assessed in a way that comprises especially the period of Hz. Ali the fourth caliph of early islamic period Muaviya, the first Emevi caliph, and his son Yazid in the light of political developments in that period. When we took up Gulf of Basra we saw that the region of the Gulf is a very important strategic lacation. So since the most prohestoric period this area have got a lot of civilizations, big wars, social events and contentions. We saw that in the time of the region that we take up, the pozition of the Gulf area have gotten similar events in the past. Consequently, the area of the Gulf have owned most active pozition in that term that we take up. Especially because of the land trade roads, sea trade roads and riwer trade roads, Gulf of Basra have owned a very active junction at all time in the past and we easily guess that it will be protect its status in the future, too

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Preharvest CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water treatment maintained the quality of broccoli sprouts during storage

A new electrolyzed water-CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water (CHEW) was obtained by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water and calcium. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of preharvest CHEW treatment on the quality during storage of broccoli sprouts. Preharvest CHEW treatment not only reduced the electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species, weight loss and the number of microorganisms during storage of broccoli sprouts, but also slowed down the breakdown of cell structure and maintained color and textural properties of broccoli sprouts. Besides, preharvest CHEW treatment reduced the degradation of active substances in broccoli sprouts during storage. The contents of important bioactive compounds in broccoli sprouts–glucoraphanin and sulforaphane, along with the enzymatic activity and genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism have also been further investigated. On day 12 of storage, compared to preharvest tap water treatment, the contents of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with preharvest CHEW treatment increased by 63% and 128%, respectively. Meanwhile, the generation of offensive odors in broccoli sprouts during storage was also inhibited under preharvest CHEW treatment. In general, preharvest CHEW treatment maintained the good quality during storage and prolong the shelf life of broccoli sprouts, which provides a new perspective for postharvest preservation of broccoli sprouts.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Combination of encorafenib and binimetinib in the treatment of patients with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;-mutated advanced melanoma. Case report

Background. The need to use BRAF and MEK inhibitors in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or unresectable BRAF + melanoma in certain clinical situations is beyond doubt nowadays. The medical community need more information about the new combination of targeted therapy approved in Russia, further details on the expected efficacy and tolerability, potential differences from the existing combinations. Aim. To present of the study results and demonstration of our experience with the new generation of targeted therapy encorafenib and binimetinib combination in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or inoperable BRAF+ melanoma. Materials and methods. We present the clinical case of BRAF+ advanced melanoma patient with multiple metastases in the liver, spleen, mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes, stomach and bones who is being treated with encorafenib and binimetinib since 2015 with the treatment efficacy and tolerability described in details, as well as the published data on the efficacy and tolerability of this combination from the pivotal phase III study COLUMBUS. Results. High immediate and long-term efficacy, satisfactory tolerability of encorafenib and binimetinib combination are presented. Updated data on progression-free and overall survival in the COLUMBUS study confirmed the long-term efficacy of COMBO450 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. Conclusion. New generation of BRAFi and MEKi combination expands options of systemic therapy for patients with metastatic and/or inoperable BRAF+ melanoma.

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Dynamic Adaptive Update System of Tracking Moving Objects Based on Contour Feature

This paper proposes a real-time moving objects detecting algorithm based on computer vision. Contour feature is firstly extracted from the initial frame as the feature to describe object, and then the moving object in the latter frame could be tracked and located by marking the location of this feature, at the same time, the feature is dynamically adaptively updated and optimized online. The slight computation burden and robustness to the noise and illumination disturbance make the algorithm have a good real-time quality and reliability. Experimental results indicate that the system reaches the designing requirements.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
World Monetary Arrangements

On 15 August 1971 the international monetary arrangements that prevailed since the end of the Second World War ceased to function. On that day the golden anchor was cut loose from the system by the United States announcement that it was no longer prepared to buy and sell gold freely in transactions with foreign monetary authorities. This was the final death blow to the tottering Bretton Woods system, for that system rested formally on the free convertibility of gold by at least one key-currency country, i.e. the United States. Severing the link between the dollar and gold at least temporarily converted the system into a combination of an inconvertible dollar standard and managed floating exchange rates. In effect the world now finds itself in a monetary interregnum pending new arrangements to replace the Bretton Woods system. The old system suffered from serious weaknesses that became increasingly evident from the 1960s onwards (e.g. the succession of currency crises) and there was no shortage of plans, schemes, etc., for reforming the system. In the event the sudden breakdown of the system, although expected for some time, presented the world's financial authorities with the task of devising a new system on the basis of extant plans that hopefully would last another twenty-five years as the Bretton Woods system did.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Qualitative Information to Improve Causal Inference

Using the Rosenbaum (2002, 2009) approach to observational studies, we show how qualitative information can be incorporated into quantitative analyses to improve causal inference in three ways. First, by including qualitative information on outcomes within matched sets, we can ameliorate the consequences of the difficulty of measuring those outcomes, sometimes reducing p‐values. Second, additional information across matched sets enables the construction of qualitative confidence intervals on effect size. Third, qualitative information on unmeasured confounders within matched sets reduces the conservativeness of Rosenbaum‐style sensitivity analysis. This approach accommodates small to medium sample sizes in a nonparametric framework, and therefore it may be particularly useful for analyses of the effects of policies or institutions in a small number of units. We illustrate these methods by examining the effect of using plurality rules in transitional presidential elections on opposition harassment in 1990s sub‐Saharan Africa.

Topic: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dust in H II Regions

The observed far infrared flux of H II regions is interpreted as evidence for the presence of internal dust absorbing a fraction of Lyman continuum photons. The effect of this dust on the required number of ionizing photons and on the helium to hydrogen line intensity ratios are discussed and analytic formulae describing these effects are presented for simplified models.

Topic: Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of <i>Oxalis corniculata</i> L. as plant virus reservoir with special regard to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV-RB) strain occurrence in rock-wool cultivation in Hungary

The creeping wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.) in Central Europe occurs mainly in anthropogenic areas, where it grows in parks and landfill sites or in protected cultivation sites like greenhouses and nurseries. In Hungary O. corniculata has been spreading since the 19th century. In glass- and greenhouses it is the only weed species that was able to settle and flourish on hydroponic rock-wool and coconut fibre growing media. Among virus pathogens of forced tomato (LYPES) and paprika crops (CPSAN) in Hungary the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) has become an important one, severely affecting the plants and on occasions causing 100% yield losses. The spread of the virus was largely assisted by its effective vector the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande). Initially the control of the disease was based on the control of the thrips, later, virus-resistant varieties were introduced. This however proved insufficient to fight the disease as it was discovered, quite recently, that in certain white pepper (CPSAN) varieties the virus was able to break up the resistance. According to data of the year 2012, those varieties that were considered resistant, showed up to 50% virus infection. Considering the wide spread of O. corniculata and increasing occurrence of the resistance-breaking TSWV isolates, surveys in greenhouses were conducted to examine whether the weed could serve as reservoir for TSWV. Samples were collected of the virus infected crop plants and O. corniculata growing in the same coconut fibre cubes. The samples were examined using test-plants, serological and RT-PCR methods. In result it was found that the symptoms were indeed caused by resistance-breaking TSWV isolates. However, no virus was found in the suspected O. corniculata samples. Therefore it was concluded that in this particular case the O. corniculata cannot be considered reservoir for the virus, in the hydroponic culture.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN FILTERS FOR IMAGE DENOISING

With the advent of the digital world, the use of digital images has become widespread. During the process of image acquisition, image contamination by noise becomes an inevitable part of the image, leading to a significant reduction in quality. Traditionally, filters remove noise from images. Technological advances in the arena of image processing have led to growth of more efficient techniques of image denoising. These techniques make use of wavelets and Curvelet transforms, which can be blended with known parts of noisy image to estimate the unknown parts of the image better. In this paper, we apply various image denoising techniques to a random image that is corrupted by either Gaussian noise, speckle noise or salt and pepper noise. The evaluation results in terms of Mean Squared Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity Index and Computation time will help to decide the best technique that is used for denoising an image distorted by noise.

Topic: Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Multi-Purpose Planetary Gear Testing Machine for Studies of Gear Drive Dynamics, Efficiency, and Lubrication

Feasibility of a multi-purpose testing machine for research studies in gearing has been demonstrated with construction of a unique gear testing machine with a differential planetary gear drive. This machine was used in such interdependent studies as determination of instantaneous gear tooth engagement loads, minimum film thicknesses, and gear efficiencies. With minimal structural and mechanical modifications, this gear research machine can be used for studies of surface durability, thermal distribution in gear meshing zones, and effects of variable torques and torsional oscillations on performance of gearing. Most of these studies could be conducted simultaneously. Upon selection of appropriate gear ratios, this machine was operated either with one or two stationary gears. Presence of stationary gears simplified greatly the measurement techniques and increased the reliability of tests. This machine can accommodate spur, helical or any special type of gearing. Design and operational characteristics of this machine, as well as a short summary of research projects performed on this machine, are presented in this paper.

Topic: Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences