jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Giant Goos-Hanchen effect and focusing of Gaussian light beam by one-dimensional photonic crystal with modulated band gap

We present the theoretical and experimental studies of the giant Goos-Hanchen effect and the effect of focusing of light beam in one-dimensional photonic crystals with spatial modulation of photonic band gap position. We show that the photonic crystal with slow exponentially modulated band gap applies the second-order phase modulation to the reflected light and can focus or defocus the light beam.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Boric acid and tetraborates [BAT Value Documentation, 2017]

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated boric acid and tetraborates. Available publications are described in detail. MAK values for boric acid and tetraborates of 10 mg boric acid/m 3 I (1.8 mg boron/m 3 ) or 5 mg disodium tetraborate pentahydrate/m 3 I (0.75 mg boron/m 3 ; also valid for other tetraborates and their hydrates) were established on the basis of the acute irritation effect to the respiratory tract. Additionally a potentially relevant systemic effect is a possible reproductive damage (effect on male fertility and embryotoxicity), only to be expected at concentrations above about 30 mg boron/m 3 . Exposures at such high levels have not been described even under worst case occupational hygienic conditions. Due to the main local irritant effect the biological threshold values can only be derived from a correlation with the air concentration. There is a quantitatively comparable relationship between the total boron intake and its urinary excretion. The boron excretion caused by background exposure is subject to considerable variations, therefore the occupational exposure is obtained from the difference in boron excretion between post‐shift and pre‐shift urine. From this, for an exposure at the level of the MAK values, 8.5 mg boron/g creatinine is obtained as shift increment for urinary boron excretion in the case of boric acid and 4 mg boron/g creatinine in the case of borates. These values refer to the individually determined difference between the boron concentration in post‐shift and pre‐shift urine. Owing to the fact that local irritation is the main effect and that there is no systemic toxicity at this concentration, no biological tolerance value (BAT value) was derived.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The intake procedures of child sexual abuse cases at Mafikeng Service Point of the Department of Health and Social Development

Due to the legal obligation to report actual or suspected cases of child sexual abuse
and neglect, parents, concerned community members and friends, as well as various
professionals like teachers, doctors and psychologists, refer children on a daily basis
to social workers in order to initiate an investigation of the allegations. The intake
interview is therefore a critical step in the process of child protection and care. In the
context of this study, intake interview refers to the initial contact between the social
worker and the child in the case of child sexual abuse, where a social worker seeks
to establish all objective facts relating to the case so as to make informed decisions
and to act accordingly.
The Mafikeng Service Point of the Department of Health and Social Development
has no standard procedures for social workers in cases of child sexual abuse. It is
against this background that a North West based study on the child sexual abuse
intake procedures was conducted at Mafikeng Service Point. The study was
descriptive and quantitative in nature, with the aim of making a theoretical as well as
an empirical study of the intake procedures at the time of the investigation. Data
was collected by means of a self–administered questionnaire on the current intake
procedures of 30 social workers. Data was triangulated by analysing 15 case files of
reported child sexual abuse.
It was found that the majority of social workers of the Mafikeng Service Point lack
sufficient knowledge and skills regarding interviewing child sexual abuse cases and
the legal requirements involved. As a result, they follow diverse and largely
inefficient intake interview procedures. The 15 case files that were analysed
revealed that social workers do not perform follow–up sessions after the intake and
that case files are therefore not officially closed. Recommendations are made to the
Mafikeng Service Point with regard to the intake procedures of child sexual abuse
cases.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Motivating Factors for Educational Tourists from the Czech Republic

SANTARIUS, Martin. Motivating Factors for Educational Tourists from the Czech Republic Institute of Hospitality Management in Prague. Prague:2013. The total number of pages is 60. The title of this study is “Motivating Factors for Educational Tourists from the Czech Republic”. The main aim of this study is to determine the motivational factors which help the students to decide to participate, or not participate in educational tourism. The findings can help to students who are thinking of going abroad for educational purposes to see and compare their goals and expectations with other students who already participated or are planning to participate in educational tourism. Nevertheless the study can be also beneficial in the process of targeting possible participants for businesses and organizations who are involved in educational tourism. The main research questions of this study are “Is motivation involved in deciding to go abroad for educational purposes?”, “What are the main factors that motivate to go to a foreign country for study purposes?”, “Why students decide to leave everything “behind” and go to a different country in order to get better education?”, “What is the most important motivational factor of educational tourism?” and “What is the least important motivational factor of educational tourism?”. The questionnaire method was chosen to collect the data of this study. The questionnaire was sent to 150 participants, from which 40 answered and participated. After the collection of the data, the analyses took place and evaluated the received data from which the results were stated. As it can be seen from the results, the motivational factors are very important in the process of deciding to participate in educational tourism. It was also stated that the most important motivational factor is the “foreign language improvement”, together with the least important motivational factor which is the “fashion”.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Hybrid LSTM and MLP Scheme for COVID-19 Prediction: A Case Study in Thailand

After the COVID-19 epidemic, Thailand was affected in a variety of ways, with the most obvious being the economic downturn and the huge impact on health, including the loss of medical and human resources to combat the epidemic. However, Thailand still lacks analysis and prediction tools required to prepare for future epidemic situations. Therefore, we present development models for predicting the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. In particular, the application of a long short-term memory (LSTM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was investigated to predict new cases, total cases, new deaths, and total deaths. There are a total of 77 provinces in Thailand. The data used in this trial were obtained from the Department of Disease Control (DDC) of the Thai government. The modeling employed 2 types of data: dynamic (time series) and static. There were 2 phases: 1) the LSTM was used to manipulate time series data and 2) the MLP model was used to manipulate static data. Then, the models were merged for further analysis. We evaluated the performance of the combined model, yielding an accuracy of 99.72 % based on R2 values, higher than the values obtained for state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the prediction results can be further combined with GIS data in each province and displayed via an easy-to-use web application for mapping. HIGHLIGHTS A new architecture that can be used as a tool to predict the COVID-19 epidemic situation is proposed Deep learning is applied to create predictive models with LSTM for time series data and MLPs for static data A tool used for displaying predictions using a web application in the form of a map of each province in Thailand is developed to show the prediction results in detail GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulation of cyanobacterial CO<sub>2</sub>-concentrating mechanisms through transcriptional induction of high-affinity C<sub>i</sub>-transport systems

Approximately 50% of global CO 2 -based productivity is now attributed to the activity of phytoplankton, including ocean-dwelling cyanobacteria. In response to inherent restrictions on the rate of CO 2 supply in the aquatic environment, cyanobacteria have evolved a very efficient means of capturing inorganic carbon (C i ), as either CO 2 or HCO 3  . for photosynthetic carbon fixation. This capturing mechanism, known as a CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM), involves the operation of active CO 2 and HCO 3  transporters and results in the concentration of CO 2 around RuBisCO, in a unique microcompartment called the carboxysome. The CCM exhibits two basic physiological states: a constitutive, low-affinity state; and a high-affinity state, which is induced in response to C i limitation. Many of the genetic components of the CCM, including genes encoding C i transporters, have been identified. It is apparent that the expression of genes encoding the inducible, high-affinity C i transporters is particularly sensitive to C i availability, and we are now interested in defining how cyanobacterial cells sense and respond to C i limitation at the transcriptional level. Current theories include direct sensing of external C i ; sensing of internal C i -pool fluctuations; and detection of changes in photorespiratory intermediates, carbon metabolites, or redox potential. At present, there is no consensual view. We have investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses of CCM mutants and wildtype strains to pharmacological treatments and various light, O 2 , and C i regimes. Our data suggest that perception of C i limitation by a cyanobacterial cell is either directly or indirectly related to the size of the internal C i pool within the cell, in an oxygen-dependent manner.Key words: CO 2 -concentrating mechanisms, CO 2 sensing, C i transporters, Synechococcus PCC7942.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Early versus delayed VR-based hand training in persons with acute stroke

Introduction: Several large trials of task based rehabilitation examining interventions designed to meet the main tenets of experience-dependent neuroplasticity have failed to identify an approach to rehabilitation that produces improvements in hand function that consistently returns persons with stroke to their pre-stroke levels of activity and participation. Several scholars have identified the heightened levels of neuroplasticity occurring immediately after a stroke as an important opportunity to present rehabilitation interventions that will optimize the functional recovery. The study described in this paper begins to examine whether the heightened plasticity occurring early after stroke, when combined with intense technology based upper extremity training, will have a more positive impact than the spontaneous recovery process on its own, or similar interventions presented later, on the long-term recovery of hand and arm function. We hypothesized that early training would allow subjects to integrate their recovering motor abilities into higher levels of activity level performance and that this early integration would result in higher levles of activity level function normalized for impairment level at retention.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solving Stochastic Shortest Distance Path Problem by Using Genetic Algorithms

Shortest Distance Path problem has been studied extensively in the literature. This is an important problem with a wide range of applications in the world particularly, transportation, trip planning, etc. Various mathematical models have been proposed in the literature to solve the basic problem and its variations. In this study, we incorporate weather forecast into trip planning. Due to adverse weather conditions, shortest distance path to follow may vary. Furthermore, travel times also become less predictable. Various weather forecast scenarios are generated following a given distribution. Furthermore, stochastic travel times are also considered as part of the analysis. In this study, GA will produce multiple acceptable solutions where fitness function values for each acceptable solution can vary. The average value of arriving time will be considered as the fitness function for a chromosome after simulating the chromosome under different conditions randomly 100 times.

Topic: Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages Andra Rona-tas

Journal Article Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages Andrá Róna-tas Get access Benjamin Arnold Benjamin Arnold University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 115, Issue 463, September 2000, Page 926, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.463.926 Published: 01 September 2000

Topic: Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Technology Tips: Using Fathom to Solve the High Dive Problem

In mathematics, using computer software and graphing calculators helps students explore ideas and solve problems that were previously inaccessible. In this article, we demonstrate how to use the software Fathom Dynamic Data Version 2 (Key Curriculum Press 2006) to solve such a problem. This software can help students break a large problem into solvable pieces while maintaining the connections among pieces through its dynamic linking of multiple representations. Further, we show how to assign names and units for each variable so that each is a more concrete attribute. Because these names and units are then used by Fathom when creating the equations to solve the problem, students can more readily see how each subproblem is connected to the others and to the main problem itself.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Perception of asynchronous and conflicting visual and auditory speech

Previous research has shown that perceivers naturally integrate auditory and visual information in face-to-face speech perception. Two experiments were carried out to study whether integration would be disrupted by differences in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), the temporal arrival of the two sources of information. Synthetic visible and natural and synthetic auditory syllables /ba/, /va/, /ð/, and /da/ were used in an expanded factorial design to present all possible combinations of the auditory and visual syllables, as well as the unimodal syllables. The fuzzy logical model of perception (FLMP), which accurately describes integration, was used to measure the degree to which integration of audible and visible speech occurred. These findings provide information about the temporal window of integration and its apparent dependence on the range of speech events in the test.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Paired moving charge model of energy coupling. III. Intrinsic ionophores in energy coupling systems.

The experimental basis for the postulated role of intrinsic ionophores in mitochondrial ion transport and energy coupling is summarized. Intrinsic ionophores appear to be linked to, or contained within, specific ionophoroproteins localized in the inner membrane, and the isolation of these ionophores requires their release from the ionophoroproteins. At least ten different species of ionophores have been isolated from the mitochondrion, five of which have been wholly or in part chemically identified. Intrinsic ionophores have been implicated in the activation of inorganic phosphate in ATP synthesis and hydrolysis, and in the contol of the coupling modes. The presence of ionophores in soluble proteins such as troponin and in ATP-energized kinases has been demonstrated.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of p38α autophosphorylation inhibitors that target the non-canonical activation pathway

p38α is a versatile protein kinase that can control numerous processes and plays important roles in the cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p38α signaling has been linked to several diseases including inflammation, immune disorders and cancer, suggesting that targeting p38α could be therapeutically beneficial. Over the last two decades, numerous p38α inhibitors have been developed, which showed promising effects in pre-clinical studies but results from clinical trials have been disappointing, fueling the interest in the generation of alternative mechanisms of p38α modulation. Here, we report the in silico identification of compounds that we refer to as non-canonical p38α inhibitors (NC-p38i). By combining biochemical and structural analyses, we show that NC-p38i efficiently inhibit p38α autophosphorylation but weakly affect the activity of the canonical pathway. Our results demonstrate how the structural plasticity of p38α can be leveraged to develop therapeutic opportunities targeting a subset of the functions regulated by this pathway.

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hubungan Penyesuaian Diri Dengan Stres Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Yang Mengambil Mata Kuliah Proposal Skripsi

The objectives of this study are: (1) to see how high the level of self-adjustment is experienced by students who take thesis proposal courses, (2) to see how high the level of academic stress experienced by students who take thesis proposal courses is, (3) to find out whether there is a relationship between self-adjustment and academic stress in students, (4) to identify items on the self-adjustment scale and academic stress scales that are not optimal (low), So that it can be proposed as a topic of classroom guidance with students. This research method uses correlational quantitative research with a total of 100 student respondents. The analysis techniques used in this study used categorization, normality test, linearity test and correlational hypothesis test. The results of this study stated that: 1) the level of self-adjustment of students who prepared thesis proposals was included in the low category with a percentage of 36% of students who were in the low category. 2) the level of academic stress in students who took thesis proposal courses was in the high category with a percentage of 43%, 3) there was a positive relationship between self-adjustment and academic stress which was of high significance with Pearson's value of -0.513 and p &lt;.001, 4) there were 18 items on the self-adjustment scale that were included in the low category, 1 item in the very low category, and 2 items on the academic stress scale that are included in the low category.

Topic: Education Systems and Policies
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Logic and analogy in psychiatry. Their "common root"].

Logic and analogy pose a fundamental problem in psychiatry. The latter is at the moment renewed by the existence of fuzzy logics. The authors put forward the hypothesis of a common root using the systemal method, an original strategy and a particular test. Several questions are tackled: definitions, hierarchy, linking, linearity or circularity, closed of open aspect of thought process, integration, separation or continuity, ways of appearance, discrete organization or organization in networks, different or common origin, importance of modal and non monotonous logics. A discussion and the consequences of this hypothesis are specified.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Determination of NH3-N Content in Foods and Seasonings and Low NH3-N Diets in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

In a similar way, it can be inferred that uncooked soy sauce used as a seasoning results in foods with a high NH3-N content. It appears that patients with high blood NH3-N levels in liver cirrhosis should eat foods with a low NH3-N content. Consequently, since non-heat-treated soy sauces contain a great deal of NH3-N, such patients should refrain from comsuming unprocessed soy sauce with their meals. We believe that education based on the above finding will have a significant therapeutic effect in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in association with hyperammonemia in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The NH3-N content of a variety of foods was measured using the method described by Fujii and Okuda. A slightly high NH3-N content was detected in meat, chicken, and various canned foods. Extremely high concentrations of NH3-N were found in all soy sauces except the processed Dashiwari variety. Low NH3-N concentrations were found in fresh miso and milk. Since Dashiwari soy sauce was the only one with a low NH3-N content, it was concluded that NH3-N content decreased to 1/3 to 1/5 when foods were heated.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trusted Federated Learning Solutions for Internet of Medical Things

With the continuous advancement of computer technology and capabilities, more and more healthcare data from clinical organizations, patients, insurance companies, and the pharmaceutical industry, among others, are becoming readily available. This access gives data science technology a once-in-a-lifetime chance to extract data-driven insights and improve the quality of healthcare. Healthcare information systems, on the other hand, are frequently fragmented and private, making it difficult to produce reliable results across communities. For example, various hospitals own the electronic health records (EHRs) of distinct patient populations, and due to their sensitive nature, these records are difficult to transmit across hospitals. This is a significant impediment to the development of generalizable analytical approaches that require a large amount of Big Data. Federated learning is a method of establishing a common global model with a central server or cloud computing while retaining all sensitive data in the local institutions where it belongs, a method which holds great potential for connecting disparate healthcare sources of information while maintaining privacy. This chapter's goal is to give the reader an overview of federated learning systems, with a focus on trustworthy cloud computing factors. We also highlight the broad answers to federated learning's statistical hurdles, system challenges, and privacy issues, as well as the consequences of using blockchain and other machine learning possibilities in the healthcare system.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences