jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies of Ca N-acetylhomotaurinate and Ca N-acetyltaurinate. I. Effects on the ionic transfer through the isolated human amnion.

The effects of two taurine and homotaurine derivatives (Ca N-acetyltaurinate: ATACa and Ca N-acetylhomotaurinate: AOTACa) were studied on the ionic transfer through a membranous model: the human isolated amniotic membrane. The ionic transfer was evaluated by measurements of the various components (cellular and paracellular) of the total conductance across the membrane. AOTACa influenced all the components of the total ionic conductance without flux ratio modifications and the general action scheme was a biphasic effect: decrease conductance with low concentrations and increase conductance with high concentrations. This effect might be important in the case of lower or higher supplementation. ATACa only interfered with some conductance components and this action was predominantly monophasic (decreased or increased conductance). This study indicates differential actions between two closely related molecules on a membranous model.

Topic: Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;b&gt;LigQ&lt;/b&gt;: A Webserver to Select and Prepare\nLigands for Virtual Screening

Virtual\nscreening is a powerful methodology to search for new small\nmolecule inhibitors against a desired molecular target. Usually, it\ninvolves evaluating thousands of compounds (derived from large databases)\nin order to select a set of potential binders that will be tested\nin the wet-lab. The number of tested compounds is directly proportional\nto the cost, and thus, the best possible set of ligands is the one\nwith the highest number of true binders, for the smallest possible\ncompound set size. Therefore, methods that are able to trim down large\nuniversal data sets enriching them in potential binders are highly\nappreciated. Here we present LigQ, a free webserver that is able to\n(i) determine best structure and ligand binding pocket for a desired\nprotein, (ii) find known binders, as well as potential ligands known\nto bind to similar protein domains, (iii) most importantly, select\na small set of commercial compounds enriched in potential binders,\nand (iv) prepare them for virtual screening. LigQ was tested with\nseveral proteins, showing an impressive capacity to retrieve true\nligands from large data sets, achieving enrichment factors of over\n10%. LigQ is available at http://ligq.qb.fcen.uba.ar/.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Factors for Myopia: Putting Causal Pathways into a Social Context

Myopia is often described as resulting from a complex set of interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Rare forms of strongly familial myopia account for myopia in around 1% of any population. "School myopia", the most common form in most modern societies, is also influenced by genetic factors, but changes in environmental risk factors appear to be responsible for the major increases in the prevalence of myopia in some parts of East and Southeast Asia. Two major environmental risk factors have been identified—intensive schooling and limited time outdoors, with educational pressures high and time outdoors particularly limited in the parts of East and Southeast Asia afflicted by an epidemic of school myopia. Several other "independent" risk factors for myopia have been reported. The effects of many of these may be mediated by modulation of the two major risk factors, and in future studies on risk factors, mediation analysis needs to be used systematically. In the case of school myopia, we argue that there are two major environmental risk factors, with a limited role for genetic variation and minimal interactions. We propose a method for comparing the impact of identified genetic risk factors with the cumulative effects of environmental exposures. This suggests that genetic risk factors associated with more myopic refractions generally lead to myopia only when combined with exposures to environmental risk factors. The predominant role played by increased educational pressures and limited time outdoors suggests strategies for controlling the current epidemic of myopia by directly reducing educational pressures, perhaps by limiting homework and rote learning in the early school years, combined with increases in time spent outdoors in schools. Identification of distal environmental factors, such as early onset of competition for selective academic streams and schools, and the use of after-school tutorial classes also suggest strategies for reducing the current epidemic through changes at the school system level. When combined with clinical techniques for controlling the progression of myopia, these measures have the potential to markedly reduce the current high prevalence rates of both myopia and sight-threatening pathological high myopia.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Overwatch: learning patterns in code edit sequences

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) provide tool support to automate many source code editing tasks. Traditionally, IDEs use only the spatial context, i.e., the location where the developer is editing, to generate candidate edit recommendations. However, spatial context alone is often not sufficient to confidently predict the developer’s next edit, and thus IDEs generate many suggestions at a location. Therefore, IDEs generally do not actively offer suggestions and instead, the developer is usually required to click on a specific icon or menu and then select from a large list of potential suggestions. As a consequence, developers often miss the opportunity to use the tool support because they are not aware it exists or forget to use it. To better understand common patterns in developer behavior and produce better edit recommendations, we can additionally use the temporal context, i.e., the edits that a developer was recently performing. To enable edit recommendations based on temporal context, we present Overwatch, a novel technique for learning edit sequence patterns from traces of developers’ edits performed in an IDE. Our experiments show that Overwatch has 78% precision and that Overwatch not only completed edits when developers missed the opportunity to use the IDE tool support but also predicted new edits that have no tool support in the IDE.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Child-friendly Spaces in Disaster Shelters for Child Disaster Victims

본 연구는 재난상황에서 신체적, 심리사회적, 발달적 특성으로 인해 스스로를 보호하기 힘들고 회복력이 부족하여 재난취약계층에 속하는 재난피해아동에게 아동맞춤형 서비스를 제공하는 아동친화 공간의 개념과 역할을 소개하고 도입사례를 살펴보았다. 진도 7.0 이상의 대형지진이 발생한 네팔, 일본, 중국 사례에서는 국제 NGO와 정부가 협력하여 재난대피소 내 아동친화공간에서 전문가를 통한 신체·심리사회·발달영역의 통합서비스를 제공하였다. 아동친화공간은 아동 맞춤형 식료품과 구호물품, 의료·위생서비스를 지원함과 동시에 아동이 안전한 공간에서 보호받으면서 심리치료와 상담, 놀이와 교육을 통해 재난으로 인한 피해를 최소화하고 조기에 회복할 수 있도록 하였다. 반면 아동친화공간을 도입하지 않은 한국의 포항지진 사례에서는 재난대피소에서 아동을 위한 물품과 공간, 서비스의 부족이 문제점으로 나타났다. 따라서 아동의 특성을 고려한 재난대피소 세부규정을 수립하고 대피소에 아동돌봄공간을 마련할 것을 제언하였다. 또한 아동심리지원의 문제점을 보완하는 매뉴얼 마련과 재난의 특수상황을 이해하고 대응할 수 있는 아동보호전문인력의 양성과 배치가 필요하다.This study introduced the concept, role, and cases of child-friendly spaces providing customized services to child disaster victims who have difficulty in protecting themselves and insufficient resilience due to their physical, psychological, and developmental characteristics. In Nepal, Japan and China experiencing earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or higher, international NGOs and the government worked together to provide integrated services with experts in child-friendly spaces in disaster shelters. Child-friendly spaces were designed to help children minimize damage from disasters and recover early through psychological treatment, counseling, play and education as well as child-tailored services such as food, relief goods, medical and sanitation services. The 2017 Pohang earthquake in South Korea without child-friendly spaces lacked goods, spaces and services specifically for children in disaster shelters. This study suggested that the detailed regulations for disaster shelters should be established considering the characteristics of children and the child care areas should be provided in shelters. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a manual to resolve problems with child psychological support and to train professional experts who can protect and educate children in disaster situations.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Physico-chemical properties of crude oil of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss according to bioclimatic zones in Chad

The mature seeds of <em>Khaya senegalensis</em> are from 2 to 2.5 cm long and weigh 289 g per 1000 seeds. These seeds contain about 67% oil by weight. This oil, which is fairly rich in oleic acid (66%), is used in West Africa for cooking, for cosmetics, as an insecticide and in traditional medicine. Prospecting to enhance the development of this oil in Chad, the present study aims to determine the physico-chemical properties of this oil according to bioclimatic zones. The density, acidity, peroxide value, moisture content and percentage of impurities were the parameters studied. The results showed that the crude oil of the seeds of <em>K. senegalensis</em> has the qualities close to those of other edible oils. The study also revealed that climate has influenced the physico-chemical parameters of this oil. Further and more research investigations are necessary to guide decisions on the valorisation and large-scale production of this oil.

Topic: African Botany and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The intrinsic stability of the second intermediate following the dioxygen‐bound form in the O<sub>2</sub> reduction by cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase

Aeration of a two‐electron reduced cytochrome c oxidase provides a species with two Raman bands at 804 and 356 cm −1 , identifying it as the second intermediate following the O 2 ‐bound species in the enzymatic O 2 reduction process. It degrades directly to the fully oxidized form with a half‐life time of 70 min at pH 8.0. The stability suggests an effective insulation for the active site in an extremely high oxidation state (Fe 4+ with one oxidative equivalent nearby) against spontaneous electron leaks, which would dissipate proton motive force. The formation and degradation of the second intermediate are pH‐dependent.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Foundations of public expenditure management: theories and concepts

Public expenditure management involves efficient utilization of financial resources for the delivery of public services. The chapter starts with the expenditure plans in crafting the budget of a government. It also discusses the major theories of public expenditure, classified into four classes: theories based on (a) macroeconomic performances, (b) public economics, (c) political system, and (d) budgetary targets. These theories offer guidelines about a benchmark on expenditures to be incurred by the government and thus can possibly contribute to minimize the extent of strategic behavior of the stakeholders in the process of budget preparation of a government. The challenges related to estimations of expenditure needs and implementation of optimal allocation of resources, which influence the spending decisions of the government, are also discussed. The challenges in estimations of expenditure needs can lead to or reinforce the challenges in ground level implementations.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Study on context-aware service for domestic tourists: focused on geographic information service

Demands for domestic travel are gradually increasing, but tourism infrastructure and detailed local guides are insufficient corresponding to them. Thus, this study will look into the behavior of applications users' tourism through surveys with the users and suggest that recommendations of appropriate information should be provided together according to the users' situations in guide application services to promote convenience in using the services.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Technological Innovations in Data Collection: Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs

Whether computer assisted data collection methods should be used for survey data collection is no longer an issue. Most professional research organizations, commercial, government and academic, are adopting these new methods with enthusiasm. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) is most prevalent, and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is rapidly gaining in popularity. Also, new forms of electronic reporting of data using computers, telephones and voice recognition technology are emerging. This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods. It then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: (1) respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, (2) effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality, (3) consequences for survey costs and (4) centralized vs. decentralized deployment of CATI.

Topic: Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
BEAM INTENSITY STABILITY OF A 250 MEV SC CYCLOTRON EQUIPPED WITH AN INTERNAL COLD-CATHODE ION SOURCE

In PSI's new proton therapy facility, the new Gantry-2 will apply the protons with fast 3D pencil beam scanning. During the scan, the beam intensity is controlled with a vertical deflection plate in the center of the new 250 MeV SC cyclotron built by Varian/ACCEL. To deliver a radiation dose with sufficient accuracy with this method, the specification of the short term (ms) stability of the beam intensity is crucial and much more demanding than for standard spot scanning. The SC cyclotron is equipped with an internal "cold cathode" ion source. We have investigated the beam properties for different settings of the source, the plasma conditions and cyclotron parameters. Dedicated control system applications and fast diagnostics of the beam and ion source were used in a systematic approach that successfully improved the beam stability.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nurses’ Role in Obesity Management in Adults in Primary Healthcare Settings Worldwide: A Scoping Review

Obesity is a chronic, prevalent, and complex health condition that adversely impairs physical and mental health. The World Health Organization calls for integrating obesity care into existing chronic disease management programs within primary healthcare services. This scoping review aimed to examine registered nurses’ roles in the primary healthcare management of individuals with obesity. A scoping review was conducted using the Johanna Briggs Institute methodology framework. Thematic analysis was used to identify and categorize nurses’ roles in primary healthcare obesity management of adults. Of 1142 documents included in this review, 15 papers met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis yielded the following six themes representing nurses’ major roles: patient-centred care, patient assessments, therapeutic interventions, care management, patient education, and professional development. This review identified that the literature on nurses’ roles primarily described their focus on lifestyle interventions (mainly nutrition and physical activity), anthropometric measurements, health planning, goal setting, supportive care, monitoring progress, and arranging follow-up. The Discussion highlights the importance of determining RN knowledge gaps and biases. More research is required to determine the need for additional RN pre-and or post-education related to obesity as a complex chronic disease.

Topic: Diversity and Career in Medicine
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design Procedure of Heat Recovery Unit for Combined Heat and Power System

The purpose of this research is to put together a combined heat andpower (CHP) system for the College of Engineering at the Universityof Louisiana at Lafayette by integrating the solar turbine unit with theThermax absorption chiller. To achieve this, a heat exchanger is designedusing a theoretical methodology called the Bell-Delaware method. Thismethod helped obtain the basic dimensions of the heat exchanger. Ageneral design procedure is developed and some of the design deci-sions are discussed. Future scope of the work includes constructing theheat exchanger designed in this work and the practical integration ofthe equipment, to finally setting up a CHP system that would meet thechilling needs of the university.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
implementation there was an increase in linkage to treatment and connection with overdose prevention services without increasing ED LOS. Future study will examine

95% CI 1.24-1.29). Among 3,457 patients who were prescribed an opioid, 63% were prescribed 0-12 pills, 35% 13-30 and 1.9% >30 pills. In multivariable regression, the following covariates were associated with >12 pills: increasing age category (AOR¼1.21; 95% CI 1.11-1.31); male sex (AOR¼1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.34), uninsured (AOR¼0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.85); and history of drug abuse (AOR¼0.74; 95%CI 0.63-0.86). Conclusions: Older patients, men, and patients with a drug abuse history are more likely to receive an opioid prescription when discharged from the ED after a painrelated visit, independent of reported pain severity. Older patients receive prescriptions for a higher number of pills, but those uninsured and with drug abuse history are prescribed fewer pills. These results suggest that specific patient characteristics influence opioid prescribing behavior in the ED.

Topic: Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
WhereToGo: Personalized Travel Recommendation for Individuals and Groups

With the rapid development of GPS-enabled mobile devices, huge amounts of user-contributed data with location information can be collected from the Internet. With this kind of data, one promising application is travel recommendation, which has attracted a considerable number of researches recently. However, most of the previous studies only focus on one aspect of the relations among users and locations or make a coarse linear combination of the relations. Moreover, all the existing work on travel recommendation do not consider recommendation to groups, which is an important characteristic of travelers' behavior. In this paper, we present a personalized travel recommendation system named Where to Go. The novelty of the system is a 3R model which can unify user-location relation, user-user relation and location-location relation into a single framework and perform random walk with restart to analyze the model. We further extend our approach to provide recommendations for groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use random walk with restart for group recommendation. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation using a real dataset collected from Flickr, which is one of the most popular online photo-sharing sites. Experimental results show that our approach provides significantly superior recommendation quality compared to other state-of-the-art travel recommendation approaches for both individuals and groups.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrating AlphaFold and deep learning for atomistic interpretation of cryo-EM maps

Abstract Interpretation of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps requires building and fitting 3D atomic models of biological molecules. AlphaFold-predicted models generate initial 3D coordinates; however, model inaccuracy and conformational heterogeneity often necessitate labor-intensive manual model building and fitting into cryo-EM maps. In this work, we designed a protein model-building workflow, which combines a deep-learning cryo-EM map feature enhancement tool, CryoFEM (Cryo-EM Feature Enhancement Model) and AlphaFold. A benchmark test using 36 cryo-EM maps shows that CryoFEM achieves state-of-the-art performance in optimizing the Fourier Shell Correlations between the maps and the ground truth models. Furthermore, in a subset of 17 datasets where the initial AlphaFold predictions are less accurate, the workflow significantly improves their model accuracy. Our work demonstrates that the integration of modern deep learning image enhancement and AlphaFold may lead to automated model building and fitting for the atomistic interpretation of cryo-EM maps.

Topic: Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Structural Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A close look on privacy protection as a non-price parameter of competition

Competition in data-driven markets creates tension between undertakings’ incentives and consumers’ online privacy. Driven by the need to collect and process as much personal data as possible, online firms have caused significant privacy harms, drawing attention to their data processing activities. In this context, a great number of consumers have expressed dissatisfaction about privacy-intrusive practices. Accordingly, privacy-sensitive consumers should choose their online service providers based on the higher or lower degree of privacy protection they offer, all other things equal. However, a reality check shows that privacy protection has not emerged as a meaningful competition parameter. This article explores and disentangles the causes of this counter-intuitive phenomenon, showing that, for privacy protection to serve as a meaningful competition parameter, four conditions must be met. As these conditions are not presently fulfilled, privacy protection as a competition parameter is currently a theoretical construction. This finding motivates two important policy prescriptions.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Who Needs to Know What? Essential Communication for Automation Implementation and Effective Reorganization

Summary. Effective channels of communication must be established and maintained during the process of reorganizing in technical services. Several librarians describe the impetus for reorganization in their libraries, and how the decisions for change were made and implemented. The importance of maintaining different levels of communication, and involving a wide spectrum of individuals from inside and outside technical services are discussed.

Topic: Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Androcymbium species of the Canary Islands

The history, taxonomy, biology and cultivation of the Canary Islands endemics Androcymbium hierrense A. Santos and Androcymbium psammophilum Svent. (Colchicaceae) are discussed, together with hypotheses about their mainland origin; full botanical descriptions and illustrations are provided.

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences