jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of 47 patients with reoperation after open mitral commissurotomy.

Mitral lesion in 47 patients who received reoperation after an initial open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) for mitral stenosis (MS) was studied. The diagnosis before OMC consisted of pure MS in 38 patients, with mild mitral regurgitation (MR) in 8 and with moderate MR in 1. At OMC the diameter of the mitral orifice was a mean of 1.3 +/- 0.5 cm and a mobile cusp was found in 12 and a thickened cusp in 35 patients. Subvalvular fusion was seen in 15 patients, calcification of cusp or subvalvular region in 10 and left atrial thrombus in 6. After OMC, the diameter of the mitral orifice was opened to a mean of 3.2 +/- 0.3 cm. The interval between the initial operation and the time of reoperation was a mean of 124 months. The mitral lesion necessitating reoperation was MS in 18, moderate to severe MR in 10, and MSR in 19. At reoperation the mitral orifice ranged in diameter from 0.8 to 4.2 cm (mean, 2.3 +/- 0.8 cm). There was no correlation between the occurrence of MR or restenosis and the subvalvular division at initial OMC. Left atrial thrombus was identified in four and calcification in 17 patients. At reoperation 46 patients received mitral valve replacement, while only 1 received a second OMC. The removed valve showed no pathological findings of active rheumatic lesion but more severe calcification and hyalinization of the valve than those at initial operation. There were three early deaths (6.4%) after reoperation. The recurring mitral lesion seemed to consist of deteriorated pathological changes of the valve and MR and thus mitral valve replacement was recommended to provide a favorable operative result for non-flexible lesion after OMC.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interferon Production and Signaling Pathways Are Antagonized during Henipavirus Infection of Fruit Bat

Bats are natural reservoirs for a spectrum of infectious zoonotic diseases including the recently emerged henipaviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses). Henipaviruses have been observed both naturally and experimentally to cause serious and often fatal disease in many different mammal species, including humans. Interestingly, infection of the flying fox with henipaviruses occurs in the absence of clinical disease. The extreme variation in the disease pattern between humans and bats has led to an investigation into the effects of henipavirus infection on the innate immune response in bat cell lines. We report that henipavirus infection does not result in the induction of interferon expression, and the viruses also inhibit interferon signaling. We also confirm that the interferon production and signaling block in bat cells is not due to differing viral protein expression levels between human and bat hosts. This information, in addition to the known lack of clinical signs in bats following henipavirus infection, suggests that bats control henipavirus infection by an as yet unidentified mechanism, not via the interferon response. This is the first report of henipavirus infection in bat cells specifically investigating aspects of the innate immune system.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE SURFACE WETTABILITY PROPERTIES OF TiO_2 NANOTUBE ARRAY FILMS WITH DIFFERENT OXYGEN VACANCY CONCENTRATION

The Ti O2 nanotube array films were prepared by anodization,then annealed at different temperatures under different atmospheres to obtain oxygen-deficient Ti O2 nanotube array films with different oxygen vacancy concentration.The experimental results showed that with the increase of the annealing temperature all the contact angles of the samples decreased gradually and present super hydrophilic state(contact angle very close to 0°),but the contact angle of the sample annealed in Argon gas decreased obviously lag behind.Deposing these samples in dark for 100 days,the contact angles of them all increased,and the biggest change was still from the sample annealed in Argon gas(contact angle greater than90°).After 3 h under illumination with the simulated sunlight,they all returned to the super hydrophilic.After repeated experiments it was found that the wettability switched was reversible.Further characterization analysis revealed that the morphologies of the samples were not much different after annealing treatment under various atmosphere,but their crystallinity and the oxygen vacancy concentration were obviously different.Therefore,the contact angle of the sample annealed under different atmosphere was both depended on its concentration of oxygen vacancy and its crystalline.Especially the surface wettability of samples related to oxygen vacancy should be paid more attention on this research field.

Topic: TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geometrical Issues on the Structural Analysis of Transmission Electricity Towers Thanks to Laser Scanning Technology and Finite Element Method

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to reverse engineering and structural analysis of electricity transmission tower structures through the combination of laser scanning systems and finite element methodology. The use of laser scanning technology allows the development of both drawings and highly accurate three-dimensional geometric models that reliably reproduce geometric reality of towers structures, detecting imperfections, and particularities of their assembly. Due to this, it is possible to analyze and quantify the effect of these imperfections in their structural behavior, taking into account the actual geometry obtained, different structural models, and load hypotheses proposed. The method has been applied in three different types of metal electricity transmission towers with high voltage lines located in Guadalajara (Spain) in order to analyze its structural viability to accommodate future increased loads with respect that which are currently subjected.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thirty Years after the Break-up of Yugoslavia

Abstract The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia. It presents three hypotheses for a critical reorientation of the 1989–91 sequence. Firstly, rather than seeing 1989 as the start of the longue durée of a democratic process, for Yugoslavia this trajectory was ‘realised’ as political chaos and ethnic wars in 1991. Secondly, criticising the chronological view of ‘post-socialism’, it posits post-socialism as having already emerged after 1965, marked by market reforms that ‘withered away’ socialism. Thirdly, and specific to the 1990s, in order to facilitate the transition to capitalism, a ‘primitive accumulation’ of memory and a high degree of violence unfolded, which actually dis-accumulated the socialist infrastructure and socialised means of (re)production. The post-Yugoslav transition proved a genuine ‘contribution’ to ‘making our country great again’: ethnically cleansed nation-states on the horizon of European peripheral capitalism. The contribution concludes on an affirmative note, pointing to the slow resurgence of the Left.

Topic: Balkans: History, Politics, Society
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preliminary Comments on Effects of Grape Vineyard Nitrogen Fertilization on the Subsequent Ethyl Carbamate Formation in Wines

Fertilization data or known vineyard conditions are related to ethyl carbamate formation for wines 10 years old or older, held for their storage life at 11.7°C to 14.4°C, and then analyzed for ethyl carbamate.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Data from Hypoxic Activation of the PERK/eIF2α Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response Promotes Metastasis through Induction of LAMP3

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data - PDF file 113K, This file contains supplementary materials and methods, and the legends of the 14 supplementary figures. Suppl. Table 1 shows the patients characteristic from the clinical study described in main Fig 1. Suppl. Table 2 shows the relationship between LAMP3 protein expression and continuous clinical parameters, incl. HP5. Suppl. Table 3 shows the relationship between LAMP3 protein expression and categorical clinical parameters, incl. FIGO stage. Suppl. Fig 1 shows the association between LAMP3 gene copy number and LAMP3 gene expression in human cervix tumors described in main Fig 1, as well as the LAMP3 gene copy numbers in normal human cervix tissues. Suppl. Fig 2 provides in vitro evidence for the inducibility of the ME180 cancer cell line. Suppl. Fig 3 provides in vivo evidence for the metastatic capacity of the isogenic ME180 cell line, as well as its inducibility. Suppl. Fig 4 shows in vitro validation of the ME180-GADD34-C cells. Suppl. Fig 5 contains the raw data that belongs to main Fig 3C, which shows that Inhibition of UPR signaling suppresses hypoxia-induced lymph node metastasis. Suppl. Fig 6 shows the in vitro validation of ME180 LAMP3-knockdown cells. Suppl. Fig 7 shows representative images of LAMP3 expression in LAMP3 knockdown and empty vector control tumors described in main Fig 4B. Suppl. Fig 8 contains the raw data that belongs to main Fig 4C, which shows that knockdown of LAMP3 inhibits hypoxia-induced lymph node metastasis. Suppl. Fig 9 shows the human VEGF mRNA expression in ME180-GADD34-C orthotopic xenografts described in main Fig 3B. Suppl. Fig 10 shows the quantification of the microvessel density and hVEGF expression in shLAMP3 orthotopic xenografts described in main Fig 4B. Suppl. Fig 11 shows the hypoxic fraction shLAMP3 orthotopic xenografts described in main Fig 4B. Suppl. Fig 12 contains data from the soft agar colony formation assay that shows that knockdown of LAMP3 in HeLa cells inhibits colony formation. Suppl. Fig 13 is supplementary to main Fig 6B and shows that knockdown of LAMP3 in HeLa cells, just like in ME180 cells, inhibits transwell migration. Suppl. Fig 14 is supplementary to main Fig 6D and shows that knockdown of LAMP3 in Caski cells, just like in ME180 cells, inhibits wound closure in the scratch wound healing assay. This figure also shows that overexpression of LAMP3 accelerates wound closure&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does Silence Speak? An Empirical Analysis of Disclosure Choices During Conference Calls

ABSTRACT In this paper, we exploit the open nature of conference calls to explore whether managers withhold information from the investing public. Our evidence suggests that managers regularly leave participants on the conference call in the dark by not answering their questions. We find that the best predictors of such an event are firm size, a CEO's stock price–based incentives, company age, firm performance, litigation risk, and whether analysts are actively involved during the call's Q&amp;A section. Finally, we document strong support for the assumption maintained in the literature that investors interpret silence negatively. That is, investors seem to interpret no news as bad news.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM AMILASE DARI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLAT M1S2 ASAL LAHAN RAWA MANDIANGIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Aeromonas hydrophilla isolate M1S2 was isolated from Mandiangin swampy soil, South Kalimantan, and showed potential amylolytic activity by producing an amylase enzyme. This study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the ability of isolate M1S2 to hydrolyze starch substrate, measure amylase enzyme activity and specific activity of amylase enzyme crude extract, and analyze the effect of temperature and pH on amylase enzyme activity. The results of this study showed that isolate M1S2 was able to hydrolyze starch substrate with an amylolytic index of 1.23. In addition, the Fehling test indicated that the isolate produced amylase enzyme in the culture medium. The amylase enzyme activity and specific activity of isolate M1S2 were 0,00072 U/mL and 0.1634 U/mg, respectively. The amylase enzyme reached optimum activity at 40 0C and pH 6.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On Rural Landscapes

Looking at the planning for agriculture from the perspective of information processing the logical structure can be looked upon as a feedback process of reasoning: reasoning mainly based on data, or reasoning mainly based on hypotheses. In this paper, I give my own experience in the construction of the logic of the data processing system for a personal computer by means of the above-mentioned reasoning, which we can apply to the analysis of present conditions, regional diagnosis, regional classification, selection of villages that should be included in the Regional Agricultural Promotion Project and so on, using the data of '1980 World Agricultural and Forestry Census'. This work is in preparation for the utilization of prospective artificial intelligence data processing for the planning of regional agriculture.

Topic: Soil and Land Suitability Analysis
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Language, History, Ideology and Power Relations Used in Bullfighting Praise Poetry: A Case Study of Kakamega County, Kenya

Language is a people’s culture and it cannot be discussed singly without associating it to a certain community. The concept of bullfighting in the Isukha Community, Shinyalu Sub- County of Kakamega County in Kenya has a long history as it involves chanting of words that portray masculinity in this community. The Isukha praise poetry that is chanted during the Shilembe ritual and the indigenous sport of Mayo is one of the ways in which masculinity is portrayed during bullfighting. In this praise poetry, language, history, ideology and power relations are portrayed by the artists. This article highlights the application of the Masculinity theory and Critical Discourse Analysis theory in the analysis of the language, history, ideology and power relations used in praise poetry during the ritual of Shilembe and the indigenous sport of Mayo to portray masculinity. Praise poetry was used because it is a genre that is commonly used during bullfighting; it is unique and peculiar in this context.

Topic: Gender Studies in Language
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Intensive care unit mortality of critically ill patients in first 24 hours: A single center 4-year cohort study

Aim 

There is limited number of studies examining the clinical features of patients who died within 24 hours of intensive care unit(ICU) admission.In our study we investigated whether these group of patients are in their terminal stage of desease or not.

Methods : 

Study design : Retrospective cohort study,single center. Study place : 22 bed ICU of tertiary research and training hospital Study period : January 2008 –September 2011. Patients and data :All patients died within first 24 hours of ICU admission during mentioned period were included.Demographic data of patients, ICU severity scores (APACHE II),ICU data, time of ICU entry and death were recorded.Terminal states of patients were identified by evaluating existence of advanced stage of chronic deseases(cancer, pulmonary parenchymal diseases, neurological diseases) and their functional life perfomance of last 3 months (Karnofsky performance scale). Statistics: Results are recorded as median and inter quartile ratio (IQR).

Results: 

Within the specified period %16 (n=447) of 2787 patients died.96 (%21) of these patients who died within the first day of ICU admission were included in the study.Patients'values were found as for age and APACHE II: 68(56-76), 32(26-36) respectively.Distribution of 48 (%50) patients who meet the definition of terminally ill from 2008 to 2011 were as follows:%0, %60, %46, %63.%15 of patients died in first hour while %50 of them died in the first 9 hours.

Conclusion : 

Considering the presence of terminal desease in the half of the patients who died within first day of ICU admission, we recommend to follow these group of patients in the special units outside the ICU as national health policy and planning.

Topic: Global Health Care Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
P201: First report in the world of Mycobacterium bacteremicum causing a cluster of postlaparotomy surgical wound infections

Uncommon atypical mycobacteria previously known to be environmental contaminants are an increasingly reported cause of outbreaks of surgical site wound infections. We investigated a cluster of post-laparotomy wound infections in 12 patients at our tertiary care hospital in India. We describe the epidemiology and the methods used to investigate the outbreak.

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surface-wave Tomographic Inversion of the South AmericanLithosphere (The SISAL Project)

We are studying the dispersion characteristics (measurements of group velocity) of broad band (15-2oosec) Rayleigh and Love waves propagating across the South American continent and adjacent oceans. The ultimate purpose is to invert for a high resolution, tectonic scale (lateral:5ookm) crustal and lithospheric model covering the South American, Cocos, Caribbean, Nazca and Scotia plates to depths of approximately 200 km. To date, data from more than 400 events have been analyzed yielding in excess of 4100 paths across the continent and neighboring regions. These measured group velocities are summarized in the form of tomographic maps for group velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves with periods ranging from 20 to 150 sec. We report the results of a resolution analysis (checker-board test) for a variety of periods for both Rayleigh and Love waves. The estimated group velocity maps are compared with those predicted from a recent model in which the crust is CRUST-5.1 (Mooney et. al., 1996) and the mantle is S16B30 of Masters et.al., (1996).

Topic: Seismic Waves and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Timosaponin <scp>AIII</scp> inhibits melanoma cell migration by suppressing <scp>COX</scp>‐2 and <i>in vivo</i> tumor metastasis

Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin disease, due in large part to its propensity to metastasize. We examined the effects of timosaponin AIII , a compound isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, on melanoma cancer cell migration and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using B16‐F10 and WM ‐115 melanoma cells lines. Overexpression of COX ‐2, its metabolite prostaglandin E 2 ( PGE 2 ), and PGE 2 receptors ( EP 2 and EP 4) promoted cell migration in vitro . Exposure to timosaponin AIII resulted in concentration‐dependent inhibition of cell migration, which was associated with reduced levels of COX ‐2, PGE 2 , and PGE 2 receptors. Transient transfection of COX ‐2 si RNA also inhibited cell migration. Exposure to 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbal‐13‐acetate enhanced cell migration, whereas timosaponin AIII inhibited 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbal‐13‐acetate‐induced cell migration and reduced basal levels of EP 2 and EP 4. Moreover, timosaponin AIII inhibited activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B ( NF ‐κB), an upstream regulator of COX ‐2 in B16‐F10 cells. Consistent with our in vitro findings, in vivo studies showed that timosaponin AIII treatment significantly reduced the total number of metastatic nodules in the mouse lung and improved histological alterations in B16‐F10‐injected C57 BL /6 mice. In addition, C57 BL /6 mice treated with timosaponin AIII showed reduced expression of COX ‐2 and NF ‐κB in the lung. Together, these results indicate that timosaponin AIII has the capacity to inhibit melanoma cell migration, an essential step in the process of metastasis, by inhibiting expression of COX ‐2, NF ‐κB, PGE 2, and PGE 2 receptors.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tristaniopsis guillainii var. balansana: Amice, R., Butin, J.-P., Fleurot, D., Garnier, D., Goxe, J., Hequet, V., Lannuzel, G., Suprin, B. &amp; Veillon, J.-M.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Trust behind bars: Measuring change in inmates’ prosocial preferences

The paper presents the results of a Longitudinal Lab-in-the-Field Experiment implemented between September 2015 and July 2016 performed in two State Prisons in California (USA) to measure change in prosocial preferences. A subset of eligible inmates willing to undertake GRIP (Guiding Rage Into Power) program, were randomly assigned to it. The paper tests whether the participation to this program (used as a treatment in the experiments) affects prosocial preferences of participants, with specific reference to trust. The results of a Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimation procedure show that trust significantly increased in GRIP participants compared to the control group. This result is robust to alternative estimation techniques and to the inclusion of an endogenous behavioral measure of altruism.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Estimation de la dynamique des matières en suspension sur l'Isère à l'aide d'une modélisation 1D

Isère and Arc are two alpines rivers that have to face many issues because of the human development of the zone. The embankment and hydroelectric installations are changing the morphodynamic of thoses rivers by creating fixed alternating bars. The analysis of sediment transport is an important issue for the zone managers and could be an issue for the environment. This study deals with the dynamic estimation of fine suspended sediments in a section of Isere. We will particularly focus on the interaction between those sediments and the major river bed composed of gravel bars. This work will be done with a hydro-sedimentary 1D model, based on two dam flushing events. We will be attached to validate the numerical model and see its limits. The results will show in which case the numerical model is valid and how we can make a better description of the erosion and deposition process. / L'Isère et l'Arc sont deux rivières alpines soumises à de nombreuses contraintes dues à leur aménagement. L'endiguement et les installations hydroélectriques construites au fil de l'eau affectent la morphodynamique de ces rivières en favorisant l'apparition de bancs alternés fixes. L'analyse du transport des sédiments dans ce cadre représente un enjeu important pour les gestionnaires du site et pour évaluer l'effet sur l'environnement de la zone d'étude. Cette étude porte sur la dynamique des matériaux en suspension sur un tronçon de l'Isère. Nous étudierons en particulier l'interaction de ces sédiments avec le lit majeur constitué des bancs de galets sur des événements de chasses à l'aide d'un modèle hydrosédimentaire pour valider notre modèle. Les résultats nous permettent de définir le domaine de validité de notre modèle et analyser et mettre en perspective les améliorations à lui apporter pour mieux décrire l'érosion et le dépôt des sédiments.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences