jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of suitable extender and cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of<i>Labeo rohita</i>milt

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different extenders and cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of Labeo rohita milt. Male brood fish (n = 5) reared at fish seed hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan, were captured from different rearing ponds, and kept in hatchery ponds for acclimatization. After 6 hours, fish were injected with ovaprim at 0.2 ml/kg. After 8 h, milt was collected in a cooled sterilized falcon tube and maintained at 4°C. Spermatozoa were activated and visual motility was observed. Cooled milt was diluted in experimental extenders (Alsever's solution, sugar-based extender and modified Kurokura-2 extender [KE] each with either Me2SO or methanol as cryoprotectant). Diluted milt was filled in 0.5 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapours. Cryopreserved milt samples were thawed at 25°C and assessed for fertilization rate and post-thaw sperm quality. Sperm motility, motility duration, viability and total antioxidant capacity were higher in KE with Me2SO and methanol compared with Alsever's solution and sugar-based extender. Sperm DNA integrity showed a similar trend in all treatments. Moreover, sperm fertilization rate was higher (p < 0.05) in KE + methanol compared with KE+ Me2SO. In conclusion, modified KE along with methanol as cryoprotectant proved to be the best diluent for cryopreservation of L. rohita sperm.

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Comparison of Esmolol- and Blood-Based Cardioplegia for Long Aortic Clamping Times

Abstract After cardiac surgery, long aortic clamping times and extracorporeal circulation times are associated with worse outcomes. This study compares hemodynamic performance, myocardial metabolism, and ultrastructural preservation in rat hearts after applying esmolol crystalloid cardioplegia (ECCP) or Calafiore blood cardioplegia (Cala). Hearts from 18 Wistar rats were perfused in a Langendorff system. Following 120 minutes of ischemia at 36 °C, hearts received either ECCP at 32 °C for 3 minutes or Cala at 36 °C for 2 minutes every 20 minutes. During 90 minutes of reperfusion, coronary blood flow (CF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and contraction/relaxation velocities (±dp/dt) were recorded. Myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate production, and troponin I levels were measured. Electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural assessment. Baseline (BL) values of LVDP, CF, and ±dp/dt were similar between the two groups. After 90 minutes of reperfusion, CF was significantly higher in the ECCP group: 85 ± 43% of BL in the ECCP group versus 42 ± 24% of BL in the Cala group (p = 0.002). At the end of reperfusion, hearts exposed to ECCP had higher LVDP (91 ± 40%) values than Cala (43 ± 10%), indicating improved cardiac recovery with ECCP. Myocardial contraction and relaxation were notably better in the ECCP group: dLVP/dtmax was 111 ± 40% versus 59 ± 13% in the Cala group (p = 0.002), and dLVP/dtmin was 88 ± 34% versus 40 ± 7% (p = 0.001). Troponin I levels measured in Cala hearts at the end of reperfusion were higher than in ECCP hearts (Cala 1,102.6 ± 361.3 ng/mL vs. ECCP 442.3 ± 788.4 ng/mL, p = 0.036). In rat hearts, ECCP offers better hemodynamic recovery and protects the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion-related damage, better than Cala blood cardioplegia, even with aortic clamping times of 120 minutes.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Temporal microRNA expression profile of pig peripheral blood during postnatal development

Gene expression profiles of blood can reflect the physiopathologic status of the immune system. The dynamic microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of peripheral blood from pigs at different developmental stages, and how differential expression of miRNAs might relate to immune system development, are unknown. In this study, peripheral blood samples taken at five developmental stages were used to construct 15 miRNA libraries (three biological replicates/stage): 0 days (newborn), 30 days (weaning), 60 days (weaned), and 180 and 360 days (puberty). We identified 295 known mature miRNAs. Hierarchical clustering of the miRNA expression profile showed significant differences between individuals at the neonatal and postnatal stages. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that miRNAs differentially expressed between pairwise comparisons of the developmental stages were over-represented in immune-related pathways such as toll-like receptor signaling. The time-course of expression of the over-representated miRNAs exhibited a pattern of steady decline over time, for both the complete miRNA compendium and immune-related miRNAs. We identified six marker miRNAs that were highly negatively correlated with chronologic age and enriched for genes involved in immune-related pathways. This study of a peripheral blood miRNA transcriptome offers insight into immune system development in swine and provides a resource for pig genome annotation.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Skull Bones of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)

Background: There is scanty information on the morphometry of the skull of Indian mithun; therefore, the present study was designed to provide morphometric data of the skull of Indian mithun. Methods: The study was conducted on the skull bones of twelve (n=12) adult Indian mithun of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The head region samples of naturally died mithun were collected from different parts of the Mizoram and Nagaland states of India from September, 2019 to March, 2020. In the present study, altogether, a total of forty-five parameters were taken in the skull bones of males and females of Indian mithun. Result: The biometrical observations on the different parameters of the skull of Indian mithun were found to be significantly (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05) higher in the males than females. The measurements demonstrated that the skull of the mithun was elongated and dolichocephalic as per the value of the skull index. The skull index/ cephalic index was 48.76±0.03 in males and 48.71±0.02 in females of the mithun. The length, width of the skull was 44.52±0.02, 44.41±0.02 in males and 21.62±0.04, 21.57±0.05 in females of mithun, respectively. The orbital margin was circular and complete in mithun. The cranial cavity of mithun was oval in outline with a capacity of 530.00±0.27 cm3 in males and 523.00±0.31 cm3 in females. The foramen magnum was large, roughly oval with a foramen index as 96.93±0.06 in males and 97.19±0.04 in females. The present morphometrical studies on the skull of mithun can be useful to the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians for the determination of sex of this animal and distinguish from other domestic and wild animals for solving veterolegal cases.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis and Application of 10 t Bridge Crane Rail Fixation Technique

Through the analysis on application status of 10 t bridge crane to Angang 450 m3 blast furnace,recasts the problems of crane in the use process,and is relevant to the improvement ideas and measures,makes the structure more reasonable,improves the operation stability,prolongs the service life of crane,to ensure the stable operation of blast furnace production with low cost.

Topic: Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis

Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Migrant Roma in the United Kingdom and the need to estimate population size

Within the political framework of the European Union (EU), there has been long standing recognition that the on-going exclusion of Roma represents a key challenge for human rights, justice and social inclusion agendas. By introducing a requirement for Member States to produce National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS), the European Commission hopes that Member States will work in partnership with the EU and key stakeholders to achieve inclusion objectives in respect of housing, health, education and employment. The form and content of the United Kingdom’s (UK) NRIS submission has been criticised in a number of key areas; notably its ‘migrant blind’ approach (Craig, 2011; 2013). This article draws on recent research undertaken by the authors (Brown, Martin and Scullion, 2013), which aimed to estimate the size of the recently arrived Roma population in the UK and document some of the local level responses as a result of this migration. It provides an overview of the context giving rise to the research, and how previous population estimates have been attempted, both across the EU and in the UK. The paper considers whether conventional methodologies can be fit for purpose when attempting to assess the population size of a transnational and highly mobile ethnic group, or whether more experimental approaches might yield a fresh approach. More specifically, it examines the strengths and weaknesses of adopting a place typology approach (Lupton et al., 2011). Finally the paper looks at the publication of research about Roma populations in a highly politicised arena in the wake of ongoing national and international attention on Roma

Topic: Romani and Gypsy Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease Dimerization Derived from Cross-Linked Interfacial Peptides

Die kleinste Struktur, die erforderlich ist, um die Dimerisierung von HIV-1-Protease zu inhibieren, wurde erhalten durch Entfernen einiger Reste von den N-Termini der Peptidketten eines bekannten Inhibitors (Ki=220±10 nM), der durch Verknüpfung der N-Termini von Peptiden aus dem Wechselwirkungsbereich der HIV-Protease über einen Linker erhalten wurde, und anschließendes Ersetzen des Trp-OH-Restes gegen Phe-NH2. Molecular-Modeling-Untersuchungen an der erhaltenen Struktur führten zu 1, das die HIV-1-Protease über einen Dissoziationsmechanismus inhibiert und damit ein idealer Ausgangspunkt für die Identifizierung noch aktiverer Reagentien ist.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inventorization of ethnobotanical use of some medicinal halophytes plants in the Algerian arid zone (Biskra)

Context: The population's use of halophyte plants in traditional medicine is a fundamental component of the exploration of natural remedies. Aims: To analyze a list of halophyte plants and their ethnobotanical characteristics, with a focus on those most commonly used in traditional medicine in the southeast of Algeria (Biskra). Methods: The ethnobotanical surveys were conducted between 2017 and 2019 by interviewing 120 informants using a questionnaire and applying a semi-structured interview methodology. The data was analyzed using ethnobotanical statistical tools, including the informant consensus factor (ICF), citation frequency (CF), use value (UV), family importance value (FIV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), plant part value (PPV), and relative importance (RI), as well as statistics analysis (ANOVA) to compare the use of medicinal plants according to age, gender, and education level. Results: The results of the survey enabled us to identify 12 species distributed across eight different families. The most common family was that of the Amaranthaceae (four species), while the most frequently utilized parts of plants were leaves (PPV = 0.4). Furthermore, decoctions were the most commonly prepared form (33.39%). The highest ICF values were observed for the endocrinological and digestive disease groups (ICF = 0.97). The statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in the knowledge of the use of halophyte plants in traditional medicine according to age and level of education. Conclusions: The findings of this research suggest that the halophyte flora in our arid study area may offer a promising source for the discovery of new drugs, a prospect that requires further investigation and exploration.

Topic: African Botany and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Metabolic engineering of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> for the production of pyrone and pyridine dicarboxylic acids

Environmental concerns from plastic waste are driving interest in alternative monomers from bio-based sources. Pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acids are promising alternatives with chemical structures similar to widely used petroleum-based aromatic dicarboxylic acids. However, their use in polyester synthesis has been limited due to production challenges. Here, we report the fermentative production of five pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acids, including 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) and pyridine dicarboxylic acids (PDCAs: 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-PDCA), from glucose using five engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum strains. A platform C. glutamicum chassis strain was constructed by modulating the expression of nine genes involved in the synthesis and degradation pathways of precursor protocatechuate (PCA) and the glucose-uptake system. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the engineered strain against wild-type C. glutamicum identified iolE ( NCgl0160 ) as a target for PDC production. Optimized fed-batch fermentation conditions enabled the final engineered strain to produce 76.17 ± 1.24 g/L of PDC. Using this platform strain, we constructed 2,3-, 2,4-, and 2,5-PDCA-producing strains by modulating the expression of key enzymes. Additionally, we demonstrated a previously uncharacterized pathway for 2,3-PDCA biosynthesis. The engineered strains produced 2.79 ± 0.005 g/L of 2,3-PDCA, 494.26 ± 2.61 mg/L of 2,4-PDCA, and 1.42 ± 0.02 g/L of 2,5-PDCA through fed-batch fermentation. To complete the portfolio, we introduced the 2,6-PDCA biosynthetic pathway to an L-aspartate pathway–enhanced C. glutamicum strain, producing 15.01 ± 0.03 g/L of 2,6-PDCA in fed-batch fermentation. The metabolic engineering strategies developed here will be useful for the production of pseudoaromatic chemicals.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Survival of Asian and White Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Men Treated With Docetaxel

Abstract There are few data regarding disparities in overall survival (OS) between Asian and white men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We compared OS of Asian and white mCRPC men treated in phase III clinical trials with docetaxel and prednisone (DP) or a DP-containing regimen. Individual participant data from 8820 men with mCRPC randomly assigned on nine phase III trials to receive DP or a DP-containing regimen were combined. Men enrolled in these trials had a diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. The median overall survival was 18.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.4 to 22.1 months) and 21.2 months (95% CI = 20.8 to 21.7 months) for Asian and white men, respectively. The pooled hazard ratio for death for Asian men compared with white men, adjusted for baseline prognostic factors, was 0.95 (95% CI = 0.84 to 1.09), indicating that Asian men were not at increased risk of death. This large analysis showed that Asian men did not have shorter OS duration than white men treated with docetaxel.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic techniques to optimize dosing of antifungal agents for serious and life-threatening fungal infections

The aim of this thesis is to describe how the use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic techniques can provide a better understanding of the optimal use of antimicrobial agents. In vivo animal experimental models and clinical PK-PD datasets for three systemically administered antifungal agents, isavuconazonium sulfate (active moiety isavuconazole), micafungin, and VL-2397, are used to accomplish this goal.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Structural changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane of skeletal muscles at the early stage of x-ray irradiation].

A single X-ray irradiation of the rabbit hindlimbs in a dose of 0.24 C/kg evokes a decrease in fluorescence of the ANS probe bound with membranes of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum as a result of the decrease of binding sites, binding constant as well as the quantum output of the probe. A decrease in fluorescence of tryptophan residues of Ca-ATPase localized in membranes and attenuation of interaction of its SH-group with dithionitrobenzoic acid has been also observed at early postradiation terms (1 and 24 h). The obtained results evidence for structural rearrangements occurring in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum under the effect of ionizing radiation. Changes in conformation of CA-ATPase molecules contribute much to this process.

Topic: Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of Interior Digital Display in 3D Effect Drawings

ever since the human beings created the first piece of work tool by consciousness, during the millions of years, the behavior of art design has always been in every step of the development course of human history.Along with the development of times and civilization, there are always new artistic expression methods to create art works more suitable for the development for the human society.The article starts from the historic origin of design expression, summarizes the development course of design, focuses on the key technologies for digital display by software, discusses on the key technologies of V-Ray and so on, and gets a conclusion.

Topic: Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clinicopathological Outcome of Patients Undergoing Whipple’s Operation- A Retrospective Study over a Decade in a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: The surgical procedure pancreaticoduodenectomy is popularly known as Whipple’s operation. Whipple procedure is one of the major surgeries performed in tertiary care centres. Aim: The present research was undertaken to study indications of Whipple’s operation and also to evaluate pathological findings of periampullary tumours with biochemical investigations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in total 155 patients who had undergone Whipple’s operation over a period of ten years from January 2009 to December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in a central India. The hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) stained slides were reviewed and various parameters were studied like presence or absence of the tumour, site of origin of tumour (ampulla/ head of pancreas/distal common bile duct/ duodenum), histological type (adenocarcinoma/neuroendocrine/ lymphoma), differentiation (well/moderate/poor), depth of invasion, Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI), perineural infiltration, lymph node status (metastasis), resection margin status (involved/not involved) and {Tumour (T), Nodes (N), Metastasis (M)} staging. Perioperative complications and postoperative follow-up of minimum 30 days for all patients were studied. Results: The most common indication for Whipple’s operation was periampullary carcinoma irrespective of its site of origin and was most commonly seen in males in age group of 51-60 years. Out of total 155 cases, four cases were excluded as no tumours were found in those cases. Tumours from ampulla were most common (101) followed by those from Common Bile Duct (CBD) (22) and pancreas (22) and duodenum (6). The median size of the tumour in Whipple's specimen was 1.44 cm2. Most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma (145, 96.02%). Moderate differentiation was most commonly observed histological grade in periampullary carcinomas 116 (76.8%). Perineural and lymphovascular infiltration was seen more commonly in pancreatic cancers 90.9% (20/22). Lymph node metastasis was significantly high in pancreatic cancers. Perioperative complications were seen in 32 patients with common complications were biliary leak. The perioperative mortality was 7.9%. Distal cholangiocarcinoma was found to be more aggressive followed by pancreatic and ampullary cancers. Conclusion: Whipple procedure is associated with a unique set of common complications and continues to be associated with considerable morbidity. With careful patient selection, Whipple procedure can be performed safely.

Topic: Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrasound for Meniere's Disease: Lateral Canal vs Round Window Approach

Two methods of ultrasound application for treatment of Meniere's disease are compared: lateral canal vs round window approach. The experience of 14 years and 560 cases is evaluated. The percentage of failure for both methods is the same, 20%. The round window method is easier, faster, and more pleasant for the patient. Lateral canal approach, on the other hand, has the advantage of a long follow-up which proved its value. Ultrasound as such, however, has proven itself in treatment of Meniere's disease as a valuable contribution in controlling this bothersome illness.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences