jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
12355 An Adolescent Female With Congenital Lipodystrophy Presenting With Repeated Acute Metabolic Decompensations Rescued By A Novel Leptin Receptor Agonist

Abstract Disclosure: D.M. Chambers: None. Y. Chan: None. M.K. Crocker: None. Patient SH is a now 17-year-old female treated for generalized congenital lipodystrophy with a course complicated by severe hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatosteatosis, and intermittent menstrual irregularity. She had been managed successfully with metreleptin for 2 years, but in 2022-2023, she developed repeated episodes of pancreatitis (4 times over a 14-month period) secondary to severe hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides &amp;gt;8000 mg/dL). During her admissions, she had markedly increased insulin requirements (up to 12 units/kg/day) with refractory hyperglycemia despite maximal treatment with metreleptin, empagliflozin, and oral semaglutide. In the clinical context of her acute metabolic worsening, she was suspected of having a neutralizing antibody against metreleptin. Serum leptin was undetectable 1 hour after observed metreleptin doses; direct measurement of neutralizing antibodies is pending. She was transitioned from metreleptin to mibavademab, an investigational leptin receptor agonist, on an expanded use IND. She subsequently experienced significant improvements in her fasting triglyceride levels (&amp;lt;300 mg/dL) with no subsequent episodes of pancreatitis since starting therapy in August 2023. She has also had improvements in other aspects of her metabolic health including decreased insulin requirements with decreasing hemoglobin A1c, decreased need for adjunctive lipid and hypertension therapy, and improving menstrual regularity. Her clinical course demonstrates: 1) clinical indicators of a rare but serious loss of efficacy of metreleptin therapy; 2) adjunctive options for management of generalized lipodystrophy; and, 3) an individual experience with a novel leptin agonist therapy in the treatment of generalized lipodystrophy. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A prototype of a solar-tracking power-generating system

This article describes a practical, low-cost closed-loop sun-tracking solar-panel power generator prototype which rotates on a single axis along the east–west direction of the sun's path. It uses photosensors to detect the incident angle of the sun's ray to the surface of the solar panel. The photosensor module consists of three phototransistors, which automatically adapts its sensitivity to the sun's brightness to enhance its function under all weather conditions. The system is controlled by a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA controls the movement of the motor in short 50 ms pulses every 3 s during tracking mode followed by 3 min of sleep mode. This method produces small angular step movement of the solar panel with little expense of battery power. At night, a photoresistor detector will enable the controller to switch off most parts of the system to further reduce power consumption.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Inhibits Skin Renewal through Inhibiting WNT-Dependent Lgr5+ Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation in C57BL/6 Mice

Background. Hair follicles are important accessory organs of the skin, and it is important for skin renewal and performs variety of important functions. Diabetes can cause several dermatoses; however, its effect on hair follicles is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type II diabetes (T2DM) on the hair follicles of mice. Methods. Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 littermate mice were divided into two groups. The treatment group was injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM, and the control group was parallelly injected with the same dose of buffer. Seven days after injection, the back is depilated to observe the hair follicle regeneration. Hair follicle regeneration was observed by naked eyes and HE staining. The proliferation of the skin cells was observed by PCNA and K14 staining. The altered genes were screened by RNA sequencing and verified by qRT-PCR. In addition, Lgr5 + GFP/mTmG transgenic mice were used to observe the effect of T2DM on Lgr5 hair follicle stem cells (HFSC). And the expression of WNT4 and WNT8A were measured by Western Blot. Results. T2DM inhibited hair follicle regeneration. Compared to control mice, T2DM mice had smaller hair follicles, reduced skin thickness, and less expression of PCNA and K14. RNA sequencing showed that the two groups had significant differences in cell cycle and proliferation-related pathways. Compared with the control mice, the mRNA expression of Lgr4, Lgr5, Wnt4, and Wnt8a was decreased in the T2DM group. Moreover, T2DM inhibited the activation of Lgr5 HFSC and the expression of WNT4 and WNT8A. Conclusions. T2DM inhibited hair follicle regeneration and skin cells proliferation by inhibiting WNT-dependent Lgr5 HFSC activation. This may be an important reason for the reduction of skin renewal ability and the formation of chronic wounds caused by diabetes. It is important for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds and the development of tissue engineering.

Topic: Hair Growth and Disorders
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter Based Solid State Transformer Implementing Hybrid Control

A Solid State Transformer (SST) consists of a high-frequency transformer and power electronic converters. It is relatively a complex system. It requires control in many stages. The control methods vary from topology to topology. In this paper, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology is used in converter stage. To control MMC, a hybrid control is implemented consisting of a modified sorting algorithm and model predictive control. Using the proposed algorithm, the performance of the system under different grid disturbances has been analyzed.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Promoting Human Rights as a Way of Improving Soft Power: The Case of India’s Caste-Based Discrimination at the United Nations

The ascendance of India as an economic power is well documented. This rising India has also focused on increasing its soft power and influence in international politics, especially through the dissemination of its values of ancient cultural heritage such as Buddhism, yoga and engagement with the diaspora. In the field of human rights as well, as a founding member of the United Nations (UN), India has participated in the framing of the Universal Declaration on the Human Rights and has signed various UN Human Rights Treaties and Conventions over the years. However, in the particular case of addressing caste discrimination, India has shied away from the international recognition of Dalit rights as human rights. Indian diplomats have continually opposed any internationalisation of caste-based discrimination and its linkage to racial discrimination at the global level, especially in the UN. In this scenario, how does the international community view India’s ascendance with respect to this issue? This article argues that India must play a leadership role in defending the rights of discriminated caste groups if it seeks to enhance its soft power credentials of being the largest democracy and demonstrate itself as a responsible power at the global level with respect to human rights issues. Furthermore, the norm that UN has tried to create of categorising caste discrimination as a form of racial discrimination cannot be strengthened without India’s support as India happens to be the most relevant state actor in this case.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation

Objective:To explore the treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation(CSCIWFD).Method:Fifty-one cases of CSCIWFD patients treated in our hospital from Aug 2005 to Dec 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Their short and middle-term clinical outcomes were assessed according to JOA scale system.Result:All cases were followed up for 6 to 60 months(mean 24 months).Forty-three cases were surgically treated and their average recovery rate of JOA scale was(46.5±5.8)%,and the percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings was 48.8%.The other 8 cases were conservatively treated and the same indexes were(25.6±3.1)% and 25.0% respectively,which were significantly lower than those from the surgical group(P0.01).35 cases were surgically treated within 7 days since injury.Their average recovery rate of JOA scale was(50.6±3.6)% and the percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings was 54.3%.While the same indexes of the other 8 cases surgically treated after 7 day were(37.5±2.9)% and 25.0% respectively,which were significantly lower than those from the surgical group within 7 days after injury(P0.01).But the average recovery rate of JOA scale and percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings had no significant differences between groups of anterior approach and posterior approach postoperative(P0.05).Conclusion:Appropriate choices of operative method and time according to the radiographic results of the CSCIWFD patients will improve their spinal cord function and achieve relatively satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Are insect pollinators more generalist than insect herbivores?

Recent community-level studies have acknowledged that generalist species are more widespread than previously thought and highlighted their preponderant impact on community functioning and evolution. It is suggested that the type of interaction, trophic versus mutualistic, should affect species generalization level; however, no direct comparison has been made yet. Here, we performed such a comparison using 44 plant–insect networks describing either pollination or herbivory communities. Our analysis shows that the type of interaction does indeed have an impact on various aspects of species generalism, from the distribution of generalism in the community to the phylogenetic diversity of the plants with which a given insect species interacts. However, the amplitude of the observed differences depends on the aspect of species generalism studied. While the non-quantitative and quantitative measures of generalism suggest that pollinators interact with more plant species and more evenly than herbivores, phylogenetic measures clearly show that herbivores interact with plant species far more closely related to each other than pollinators. This comparative approach offers a promising perspective to better understand the functioning and evolution of multispecies assemblages by pointing out some fundamental singularities of communities depending on the type of interaction considered.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Consequence of Continued Growth in the GEO and GEO Disposal Orbital Regimes

To date more than 800 spacecraft, upper stages, and apogee kick motors are known to reside in geosynchronous and nearby orbits, including geosynchronous disposal orbits. An even larger number of debris greater than 10 em in diameter have been detected by U.S. and European groundbased sensors. Using projections of geosynchronous deployment characteristics and disposal rates, NASA and Kyushu University models of the geosynchronous and super-geosynchronous orbital regimes have examined the sensitivity of the long-term satellite population to various scenarios. Emphasis has been placed on the rate of collisions in the geosynchronous orbit and in the higher disposal orbits and on the significance of cross-regime contamination. The sensitivity of the long-term environment on low velocity (0-1 km/s) collision breakup model parameters and on the minimum height of disposal orbits has also been explored. Results are presented in terms of both satellite population and spatial density.

Topic: Space Satellite Systems and Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Remembering the Past and the Trap of Consciousness: Dan Pagis and the Photograph

Photographs are a recurrent motif in Dan Pagis's poetry, which attests to the profound connection between his poetry and various aspects of the art of photography. In Pagis's work, poems dealing with photographs usually illustrate the limitations of memory. It is ironic that photographs, which can ostensibly bring us closer to the past, serve as additional means in the poetics of displacement that characterizes the poetry of a survivor unable, or unwilling, to remember. In my article I focus on the erasure of memory that characterizes most of his poetry. I prefer to analyze Pagis's use of photographs to point to the captivity of consciousness, and offer several prominent examples that place his photography poems in the broader context of his oeuvre.

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Reflectance difference for <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> control of surface V/III ratio during epitaxial growth of GaAs

Optical, in situ, real time control of surface processes during epitaxy is becoming increasingly important for the understanding and control of crystal growth. Here results are presented of in situ studies of the surface V/III balance using the reflectance-difference (RD) method during vacuum chemical epitaxy of (001) GaAs from arsine and triethylgallium. We have found a relationship between the RD signal and the V/III ratio, and we demonstrate the possibility for the use of this relationship for the optimization of growth. We have, by RD, detected a sharply defined, critical V/III ratio, below which the morphology and the photoluminescence intensity deteriorate dramatically, and which can be used to control the conversion from n-type to p-type conductivity. We believe that these observations will be of great importance for the in situ optimization of epitaxial growth, and in eliminating much of the uncertainties involved in reproducing surface V/III ratios.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of nonsustained repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia from the left His‐Purkinje system

Abstract Background Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (RMVT) arising from the left His‐Purkinje system can occasionally be encountered during clinical practice. We describe eight cases as a unique entity in this study to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological features of the patients. Methods Eight patients with frequent palpitation (five men with median age of 28 years) were included in the study from January 2003 to July 2018. Twelve‐lead ECG (Electrocardiogram), Holter, and echocardiographic tests were performed after medical history interrogations and physical examinations. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy was essential to all patients, and catheter ablation was attempted if the patients could not tolerate or were not responsive to drug therapy. Results No patients had a history of syncope and a family history of sudden cardiac death. ECGrecording was characterized by frequent ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular couplets, and salvos of nonsustained VT competitive with sinus rhythm. The QRS morphology of ectopic beats was in the right bundle branch block pattern with severe left axis deviation. The width of the QRS complex from ECG was 135 ms (120‐140) during ventricular tachycardia. Verapamil had no effect on all VT individuals. Enlargement of the left ventricle was found in two patients. Four out of six cases were successful with catheter ablation treatment. Conclusion RMVT arising from the left His‐Purkinje system is a special arrhythmic and nonverapamil‐sensitive entity. The electrophysiological mechanism of this treatment appears to be focal firing, which is amendable to catheter ablation in symptomatic and high‐burden patients.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fold prediction by a hierarchy of sequence, threading, and modeling methods

Abstract Several fold recognition algorithms are compared to each other in terms of prediction accuracy and significance. It is shown that on standard benchmarks, hybrid methods, which combine scoring based on sequence‐sequence and sequence‐structure matching, surpass both sequence and threading methods in the number of accurate predictions. However, the sequence similarity contributes most to the prediction accuracy. This strongly argues that most examples of apparently nonhomologous proteins with similar folds are actually related by evolution. While disappointing from the perspective of the fundamental understanding of protein folding, this adds a new significance to fold recognition methods as a possible first step in function prediction. Despite hybrid methods being more accurate at fold prediction than either the sequence or threading methods, each of the methods is correct in some cases where others have failed. This partly reflects a different perspective on sequence/structure relationship embedded in various methods. To combine predictions from different methods, estimates of significance of predictions are made for all methods. With the help of such estimates, it is possible to develop a “jury” method, which has accuracy higher than any of the single methods. Finally, building full three‐dimensional models for all top predictions helps to eliminate possible false positives where alignments, which are optimal in the one‐dimensional sequences, lead to unsolvable sterical conflicts for the full three‐dimensional models.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Postoperative epidural hematoma remote from the site of craniotomy for STA-MCA anastomosis].

We experienced a case in which the cause of acute brain swelling following resection of dura matter could not be recognized until the postoperative CT scan. A 30-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of Moyamoya disease. Right hemiplegia developed a month before operation, so that the anti-platelet therapy was continued. At the end of dural resection the brain started to bulge and the brain swelling increased progressively. The patient was immediately placed on a head up position and received a rapid administration of mannitol for the treatment. The operator performed the echo examination for clarifying the cause of the brain swelling, but they could not find it. As the brain swelling slightly improved by the treatment, the surgery was performed continuously At the end of the operation the patient was moved for a CT scan and it showed mass effect caused by epidural hematoma over the left temporal region distant from the site of craniotomy. Evacuation of the hematoma was carried out urgently. At discharge, she was conscious and had no focal neurological deficits. The occurrence of the epidural hematoma is one of the reasons for unknown brain swelling during surgery. We strongly recommend that any sudden deterioration during the operation should be treated with emergency CT scan.

Topic: Neurosurgical Procedures and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Does Quality Still Pay? A Reexamination of the Relationship Between Effective Quality Management and Firm Performance

Because of the changing competitive environment, quality might have lost some of its luster and emphasis in business. The research question we aim to address in this paper is: Does quality still pay in the new competitive environment? Using replication research, we re‐examine the impact of an effective total quality management (TQM) program on a firm's operating performance in the new competitive environment. We use publicly available data for award‐winning firms and adopt several control‐firm‐selection approaches in our event study. Based on data from more than 500 firms, we find that over a 10‐year period—6 years before to 3 years after winning their first quality award—firms in our sample perform significantly better than control groups in various operating performance measures. Not only do award‐winning firms have better results after receiving awards, they also have superior performance records before the award. Our results suggest that quality is still critical to achieving long‐term competitive advantages, and firms who continuously improve their quality continue to reap rewards by way of sales and financial performances exceeding those of their competitors.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Automata column

In this column, Sylvain Schmitz summarizes two recent advances on the complexity of the reachability problem for vector addition systems with states. This is one of the most celebrated decidable problems in theoretical computer science, and until now, there was absolutely no upper bound on the complexity. It was only known that the algorithms run in finite time. The first advance described in this column, by Leroux and Schmitz, is a computable upper bound on the running time of the (original) algorithm for the problem. Admittedly, the upper bound puts the Ackermann function to shame -- read the great column to see what it is --- but it's an upper bound. The second advance, by Blondin, Finkel, Göller, Haase and McKenzie, is finding the exact complexity, namely PSPACE complete, of the two dimensional case, something that has also been open for several decades.

Topic: semigroups and automata theory
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Robust Metabolite Quantification from J-Compensated 2D 1H-13C-HSQC Experiments

The spectral resolution of 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C-HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra facilitates both metabolite identification and quantification in nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. However, quantification is complicated by variations in magnetization transfer, which among others originate mainly from scalar coupling differences. Methods that compensate for variation in scalar coupling include the generation of calibration factors for individual signals or the use of additional pulse sequence schemes such as quantitative HSQC (Q-HSQC) that suppress the JCH-dependence by modulating the polarization transfer delays of HSQC or, additionally, employ a pure-shift homodecoupling approach in the 1H dimension, such as Quantitative, Perfected and Pure Shifted HSQC (QUIPU-HSQC). To test the quantitative accuracy of these three methods, employing a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a helium cooled cryoprobe, a Latin-square design that covered the physiological concentration ranges of 10 metabolites was used. The results show the suitability of all three methods for the quantification of highly abundant metabolites. However, the substantially increased residual water signal observed in QUIPU-HSQC spectra impeded the quantification of low abundant metabolites located near the residual water signal, thus limiting its utility in high-throughput metabolite fingerprinting studies.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences