jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carbon and oxygen isotopes suggesting deep-water basin deposition associated with hydrothermal events(Shangsi Section, Northwest Sichuan Basin-South China)

Carbon and oxygen isotope records for Shangsi Section in Northwest Sichuan Basin, South China can help investigating depositional environments and processes, including the burial rate and possible contribution of hydrothermal events. Samples from the lower Chihsian Formation show δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB values close to those of typical marine limestone. However, the overlying Permian middle-upper Chihsian, Wujiaping, and Maokou Formation samples reveal negative δ18OSMOW values and strong positive δ13CPDB values. These indicate high biological productivity and rapid burial of organic carbon. Samples from the Dalong Formation present both negative δ13CPDB and negative δ18OPDB values, which are quite different from the underlying Permian strata. These abnormal carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics in the Dalong Formation may suggest that hydrothermal processes contributed to deposition.

Topic: Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Caste from Below

Based on the life of the noted Chindu Yakshagana performer, Yellamma, this article presents the lived experience of caste through the lens of India’s Dalits, as narrated by the Chindus, a dependent caste of Madigas of Telangana. This provides a glimpse into the inner world of caste-based relationships through analysis of a satellite caste system that remains inaccessible to the dominant Hindu Brahmanical world and most scholarship on caste. Satellite castes function as preservers of social memory and act as cultural archives, enacting caste histories and origin myths, while critiquing and inverting dominant perceptions and weaving positive stories. The article argues that there may well be much more to this performative protest than merely social subversion.

Topic: Theatre and Performance Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Monitoring and Assessment of Sea Use Landscape Pattern Based on Satellite Remote Sensing: A Case in Huludao Test Region

Aimed at monitoring and assessing sea use landscape pattern by satellite remote sensing, Huludao sea area was chosen as test regionin this paper. Firstly, a sea use classification system for satellite remote sensing was established and monitoring methods for all sea use types bysatellite remote sensing were structured. Then the sea use landscape pattern of Huludao test region was monitored and assessed based on satelliteRemote Sensing images of SPOT5, Geographical Information System and Global Position System. The result showed that satellite Remote Sensingassociating with Geographic Information System and Global Position System was a good tool in sea use monitoring and assessment. Sea use forindustry-mining and fishery were two main types in Huludao region. Most of industry-mining sea use patches were big and clustering in northcoastline, while fishery sea use patches were small and scattering along the southern coastline. In sea use landscape pattern, it was dominated byindustry-mining in Huludao sub-region and was dominated by industry-mining and fishery in Xingcheng sub-region, while the sea field was dominatedby fishery in Suizhong sub-region. The sea use landscape pattern shows obviously spatial differences.

Topic: Environmental Changes in China
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of Isolated Salmonella Bacteria from Infected Animal Husbandry of Malayer City with using Molecular Methods

Salmonella species are gram negative bacteria and members of Enterobacteriaceae family. It has a rod-shaped appearance; it is catalase positive, oxidase negative, non-spore. Salmonella classified into two species, Salmonella Enterica and Salmonella Bangori. Salmonella is now one of the main reasons of diarrhea and vomiting in humans in many countries and especially in industrialized. In a study in Japan 164 Salmonella digestions were collected during 2006 to 2008 which 81 digestions were Salmonella Infantis. Salmonella-specific characteristics are studied in the two phenotype and genotype methods. In this research, with using genotype methods based on PCR, genetic diversity was evaluated; this PCR includes rep-PCR based on repetitive sequence elements (method was done by the use of three primers ERIC, REP and BOX). Studied showed most isolated strains were relevant to Salmonella Enteritidis and dendorogram study showed that the bacteria were grouped in one cluster in dendrogram that all 37 strains were put in a large cluster of Salmonella’s type which is divided into two clusters: Salmonella Enterica and Bongori. The results also in this experiment reflect the efficiency of rep-PCR method by using three ERIC, REP and BOX primers.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of germ-line immunoglobulins in autoimmunity and B cell activation

The human antibody response to the AD-2S1 epitope of glycoprotein B (gB) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is dominated by a family of closely related somatically mutated antibodies that are all derived from the same V H and V K germline genes. Our laboratory has previously reconstructed the putative germ-line-based ancestor of a somatically hypermutated antibody (8F9) against the AD-2S1 and characterized and compared the binding of the germline- based ancestral immunoglobulin and 8F9 (Igs) to the AD-2SI epitope. IgG1 versions of these antibodies bound to AD-2S1 by ELISA and glycoprotein B (gB) by flow cytometry. Here, I show that 8F9 neutralizes viral infectivity whereas the germ-line Igs do not. However, the germ-line Igs bind to an unidentified, phylogenetically conserved auto-antigen. Small changes in the binding site of the germ-line Igs abolished binding to the auto-antigen. Even though mechanisms do exist during B cell development to eliminate self-reactive B cells, these observations suggest that autoreactivity is not necessarily a barrier for immature B cells to further develop into follicular B cells that subsequently undergo antigen-driven affinity maturation. Our observations that the hypermutated high affinity 8F9 antibody was derived from a primary immunoglobulin that was reactive with both an auto-antigen and AD-2S1 raise important questions including 1) the threshold of affinity required for triggering the clonal expansion and somatic mutation of new B cells, and, 2) the role of low-affinity cross-reactivity with ubiquitous antigens (eg self-antigens), in rescuing B lymphocytes with primary receptors for important pathogens from "death by neglect". To further understand the initial primary B cell receptor (BCR) response to AD-2S1, we expressed the membrane IgM forms of the 8F9 and primary germ-line Igs. In our experiments, the human germ-line Igs and 8F9 were expressed in a mouse cell-line as membrane IgM. I showed that cross-linking this human IgM triggered calcium release and tyrosine phosphorylation of intra-cellular signalling molecules. Morever, the membrane IgM bound AD2S1. Thus, I demonstrated that the human IgM expressed in a murine cell line is capable of activating many B cell responses and can serve as an in vitro model to look at affinity threshold. I also constructed lentiviral vectors to enable infection of RAG-1 knockout stem cells and reconstitution of RAG-1 knockout mice with B cells expressing human germ-line IgMs. The in vitro and in vivo systems will be useful in studying the affinity threshold needed to initiate B cell activation and other questions that are important in B cell immunity.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Osteopetrosis: A Case Report

A condition was first reported in 1904 by Albers-Schonberg and which he stated, showed by roentgenographic examination, preservation of the structural contours of bone with "apparent compact bone throughout, with loss of the medullary canal, and a probable increase in the lime content of the bones.This disease has since come to bear his name.Many other names have been proposed and used for this condition; "osteopetrosis" was introduced by Karshner in 1926.Seigman and Kilby presented, in January 1950, what they thought to be .the 157th reported case.Karshner reviewed the literature to 1924 and McCune and Bradley published a complete review in 1934.An interesting and thorough pathological discussion of osteopetrosis was presented by Zawisch in 1947.

Topic: Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Foot Notes From Seattle

Editor’s note: In the “Practice Profiles” department of Clinical Diabetes , we spotlight clinicians who have chosen to dedicate a significant portion of their time to the care of patients with diabetes. Suggestions for clinicians to interview in the future are welcome and can be e-mailed to levetan@juno.com.









I was born and raised for 10 years in Santa Monica, Calif., but then moved with my family to Bethesda, Md. I went to high school and college locally (University of Maryland, College Park) and worked at the National Institutes of Health for 7 years, from 11th grade through 5 years of college.

I do not have any podiatric family connections and had never met one before applying to school.

I learned about podiatry from the national executive director of the American Podiatric Medical Association, which is based in Chevy Chase, Md. He had learned that I was a pre-med student and had immunology research experience and told me that I would make a great podiatric medical student.

I decided to take a look at the podiatric medical school in San Francisco (one of seven schools and the only one in the western United States). I fell in love with the school, the curriculum, and the location.

I believe that choosing your medical specialty early still allows you to obtain a thorough medical core background, but it also helps you focus on securing appropriate clinical rotations and residency experience. So after earning my bachelor’s degree in biological sciences, I went to San Francisco for …

Topic: Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using Small Molecules To Dissect Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis

Understanding the ways in which pathogens invade and neutralize their hosts is of great interest from both an academic and a clinical perspective. However, in many cases genetic tools are unavailable or insufficient to fully characterize the detailed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Small molecule approaches are particularly powerful due to their ability to modulate specific biological functions in a highly controlled manner and their potential to broadly target conserved processes across species. Recently, two approaches that make use of small molecules, activity-based protein profiling and high-throughput phenotypic screening, have begun to find applications in the study of pathways involved in pathogenesis. In this Review we highlight ways in which these techniques have been applied to examine bacterial and parasitic pathogenesis and discuss possible ways in which these efforts can be expanded in the near future.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Revealing the Positive Bias Temperature Instability in Normally-OFF AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFETs by Constant-Capacitance DLTS

Effects of oxide/III-nitride interface and oxide states on the threshold voltage instability (V-TH-instability) of normally-OFF Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFETs, i.e., metal-insulator-semiconductor heterojunction field-effect transistors, were revealed by constant-capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (CC-DLTS). It is confirmed that a technique of in-situ remote plasma pretreatments could effectively suppress the D-it with level depth (E-C-E-T) larger than 0.4 eV down to below 1.3x10(12) cm(-2)eV(-1), in spite of the presence of a discrete level with E-C-E-T and capture cross section (sigma(n)) being 0.33 eV and 4.0x10(-15) cm(2) respectively. However, electron charging of oxide states occurs when the MIS-HFETs are pulsed by a high positive gate bias (e.g., &gt; 8 V), as confirmed by a reduced tunnel constant d(0) of 0.79 nm. High electric field induced tunnel filling of gate oxide states could be an assignable cause for the positive bias temperature instability in normally-OFF III-nitride MIS-HFETs.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer -a large single center study

局所進行切除不能膵癌に対する化学放射線療法の意義については議論が分かれるところであり,その意見の統一をみない.今回我々は,2001年4月~2011年6月の間に当科で化学療法あるいは化学放射線療法が行われた局所進行切除不能膵癌症例計154例を対象に,治療成績について後ろ向きに比較検討を行った.生存期間中央値は化学療法単独施行群(103例)と化学放射線療法群(51例)でそれぞれ13.8ヶ月と12.7ヶ月であり,有意差は認められなかった(p=0.825).Cox比例ハザードモデルによりリンパ節転移,年齢について調整を行った後の,化学放射線療法群の化学療法単独群に対する死亡ハザード比は0.94(p値0.997,信頼区間0.60~1.50)であった.当院における局所進行切除不能膵癌に対する治療において,化学放射線療法の化学療法に対する優越性は認められなかった.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Future of Transport and Tourism: A Delphi Approach

This paper reports the findings of a Delphi approach survey of 45 experts in the North West of England predicting outcomes in transport and tourism within a 10-year period. The Delphi achieves a broad consensus that tourism will grow in the region despite outbound low cost flights. It predicts little change in transport infrastructure for tourism, transport policy or market values of tourists. It also records a lack of consensus about several dimensions; this is a reflection of perspective regarding sustainable development rather than a sectoral divide.

Topic: Delphi Technique in Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lekking Behaviour in Crested Newts, <i>Triturus cristatus</i>

Abstract We describe the distribution of males and females in a natural population of crested newts, Triturus cristatus , during the breeding season and show that the mating system is a lek. Males arrived earlier than females at breeding sites, and throughout the breeding season there was a male‐biased operational sex ratio. Males aggregated for most of the breeding season, and did not cluster over any resources essential for females. The male aggregations were not correlated with environmental factors, nor with female distribution. The males display to females prior to mating, but contribute nothing apart from sperm, and they cannot force females to mate. Females also aggregated, though less than males, and their aggregations were separate from those of males.

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Roman tombstone (Ara) with inscription, Bosnia

Roman tombstone made of limestone with an inscription. I(ovi) o(ptimo) m(aximo) toritratori. I Aur (ceins) Maximus ve (seramus) Aug (gustorum). Data were collected as part of a joint research project between GDH and the Association for the Digitization and Informatisation of Cultural Heritage (DIGI.BA) in Sarajevo, in full collaboration with the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. Model was created from 259 images from a Canon 5D mk IV. All data were processed in Reality Capture. Project ID NMB RomanAra. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

Topic: Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Web Use and Net Nerds: A Neofunctionalist Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology in the Home

Journal Article Web Use and Net Nerds: A Neofunctionalist Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology in the Home Get access Jonathan Gershuny Jonathan Gershuny University of Essex Direct correspondence to Jonathan Gershuny, University of Essex. E-mail: gershuny@essex.ac.uk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 82, Issue 1, September 2003, Pages 141–168, https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0086 Published: 01 September 2003

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Secure Hypergraphs: Privacy from Partial Broadcast

A "partial broadcast channel" enables one processor to send the same message---simultaneously and privately---to a fixed subset of processors. Suppose that a collection of processors are connected by an arbitrary network of partial broadcast channels (a hypergraph). We initiate the study of necessary and sufficient conditions, complexity bounds, and protocols for individual processors to exchange private messages across this network. Private message exchange, in turn, enables the realization of general secure computation primitives. The model (motivated by various environments such as multicast network architectures and group communication in distributed systems) is an intermediate setting between the private channels model and the full information model, both of which have been investigated extensively in the last few years. We assume a computationally unlimited adversary (i.e., the information theoretic notion of security), and our techniques are combinatorial. Both the possibility and the polynomial-time feasibility of private message exchange are investigated.

Topic: Cryptography and Data Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluating the optimal location for embedded accelerometers using experimentally validated computer algorithms

With sensors and sensor circuits becoming increasingly smaller there is the possibility of embedding such systems within products to monitor their handling and operation during the whole life cycle. The manufacturing stage of the life cycle is seen as an important stage to monitor as the defects during operation can often be attributed to manufacturing faults. The assembly of high value printed circuit boards has been identified as a process that could benefit from such sensor circuits. Vibration sensors on the boards could detect many scenarios during manufacturing, such as shock loadings and number of times a board is manually handled. In addition to this, vibrations excited in the board are known to cause cracks in solder joints [1] and also thought to cause defects during the manufacture process, although this has yet to be fully quantified. The position of the accelerometer on the board is not greatly important in detecting shock loadings and whole body motion, however, when measuring vibration of the board the position of the accelerometer greatly influences the measured amplitude depending on the relative distance to nodal lines. This paper presents experimental and theoretical methods to identify the most appropriate location for an accelerometer to be positioned.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of tetrandrine on resistance vessel reactivity in renovascular hypertensive rats

AIM To investigate the special changes in resistance vessel reactivity to vasomotor stimuli and analyze the effect and concerned mechanism of tetrandrine on those changes in renovascular hypertensive(RH) rats. METHODS The contraction and relaxation of resistance vessels to stimuli were investigated in tail artery and mesenteric arteriole bed. RESULTS Compared with sham-operated rats, the isolated mesenteric arteriole bed and tail artery exhibited an enhanced reactivity to norepinephrine(NE) induced vasoconstriction, with an increase in maximum vasoconstriction and a decrease in vasodilation produced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The sensitivity of tail artery to methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, was greatly reduced. The amplitude of elevated pressure in mesenteric artery bed after removal of endothelium was attenuated. The changes mentioned above were greatly improved in tetrandrine treated RH rats. CONCLUSION In RH rats, the reactivity of resistance vessels to vasoconstrictive stimuli is increased, whereas the reactivity to both endothelium dependent or independent vaso-relaxative stimuli are reduced. Tetrandrine 50 mg·kg -1·d -1 for 9 weeks significantly reverse those changes by preserving endothelium functions and guanylate cyclase activity.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Role of antineuraminidase antibodies in protection against influenza].

For improving the anti-influenza vaccination efficacy, the choice of strains carrying up dated neuraminidase antigen (NA) and the introduction of the optimal amount of NA antigen in the vaccine are critical. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the neuraminidase N2 of A/Beijing/32/92 showed NA inhibition (NI) and neutralized (Nt) the cells infection by influenza virus either at an early stage (group 2 antibodies inhibit virus binding to cells) or at a late stage of infection (group 1 antibodies inhibit virus release). The specificity of the neutralization test is restricted to the homologous variant whereas the NI specificity is much broader. When both group 1 and group 2 antibodies are tested together, their neutralizing activity is significantly increased. The emergence in 1997 of an avian strain H5N1 in humans influenza infections at Hong Kong (Strain A/Hong-Kong/156/97) rose the threat of pandemic. The H5N1 strain carried H5 HA which is not recognized by the human immune system, but N1 might be related to other N1 antigens belonging to avian, swine and human strains. So we 1) characterized the N1 antigen from H5N1 in comparison with other known antigens, 2) we looked for anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies in humans according to the age and the vaccination status, 3) we checked the neutralizing activity of anti N1 antibodies. The N1 antigen (H5N1) appeared closely related to N1 from swine strains: Sw/31 correlated itself to the pandemic spanish virus (1918-19), and more recent swine isolates from 1982 and 1989. The anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies were present in sera collected from 75+ years old persons and these N1 antibodies were neutralizing H5N1 cells infection. Consequently, 75+ years old persons do not represent a priority group for vaccination in the case of H5N1 pandemic conditions.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SULFAPYRIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

The results of the use of 2-(para-aminobenzenesulfonamido) pyridine, officially known as sulfapyridine, in animal experiments and the favorable effects obtained with it in the treatment of pneumonic infections in human beings warrant a trial of this drug with infants and children under carefully controlled conditions. Furthermore, whenever possible the results of such a study should be subjected to statistical analysis. For this purpose we have employed the methods of Fisher<sup>1</sup>because they appeared to be the most appropriate for the analysis of a small series.<sup>2</sup>Both the value and the possible harmful effects of sulfapyridine must be determined as soon as possible so that physicians may know how widely it should be used. No attempt will be made to review the literature on this subject, since adequate reviews are available.<sup>3</sup> In a study of any treatment of pneumonia in children the low case fatality rate makes it

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences