jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Astrernestin, a novel aurone-phenylpropanoid adduct from the roots of <i>Astragalus ernestii</i>

<i>Astragalus ernestii</i> has been used as a substitute for Radix Astragali (Huang-Qi) in southwest China. To better understand the chemical rationale for the medicinal usage, the phytochemistry of <i>A</i>. <i>ernestii</i> was recently studied. As a result, a novel aurone-phenylpropanoid adduct astrernestin (<b>1</b>), together with five known phenoloids calycosin-7-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>2</b>), 4,4'-dimethoxy-3'-hydroxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxylignan-3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>3</b>), syringaresinol-4-O-<i>β</i>-D-monoglucoside (<b>4</b>), hedyotol D 4″-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>5</b>) and trifolirhizin (<b>6</b>), were isolated from the roots of <i>A. ernestii</i>. The structure of compound <b>1</b> was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and optical rotation calculation.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Modified Games on the Development of Gross Motor Skill in Preschoolers

&lt;p&gt;Gross motor skills on children must be optimized much earlier since it plays important role not only on their interaction process but also in supporting other multiple developments. One of the means in developing child's motor skill is by providing innovative games i.e. modified games including game format, game timing, and game sequence. The objective of this research was to prove the effects of modified games to the development of gross motor skill of preschoolers. Research method was pre-experimental with One Group Pre-post test Design approach. Research samples were the students of Group B Kindergarten in the districts of Gedeg as many as 180 students which were conducted by using purposive sampling. Research instrument was observation during one month. The data was analyzed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results suggested that there was effect of modified games to the development of preschool gross motor skill with p-value = 0.000. Changes on motor skill development were obtained from those who were initially on the beginning stage, as many as 101 respondents, became 14 respondents after intervention. Development stage proceeded as expected, from initial 65 respondents the number increased to 130 respondents. At the end of the intervention, there were even 36 respondents whose development stage beyond where they were supposed to be. This proved that the provision of modified games had positive effects on physical, cognitive, and social development. Modified games triggered children's interest and made them be willing to train their activities as well as muscle development, decreased saturation, and improved their skills in a fun way.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Child Development and Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727–1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18 century taxonomy of the genus

In 1763 Michel Adanson (1727–1806) published several hundred new genus names, including some in the “Famille Les Jourbarbes. Seda.”, i.e., the present-day Crassulaceae. One of these, Kalanchoe, was published for the then cotyledonoid species with tetramerous flowers. The early nomenclature associated with the validly published and legitimate genus name Kalanchoe and the late-18th century taxonomy of the genus are reviewed. Based on available evidence it is very likely that Adanson was familiar with, and had material at his disposal of, more than one species of Kalanchoe. However, Adanson did not himself validly publish any species names in the genus.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Locating Knowledge in Góngora and Borges

This paper explores the role of the imagination in our understanding of the nature of knowledge, through the synchronic interaction of the works of Luis de Góngora and Jorge Luis Borges, respectively. We discuss the supposed ‘world of écriture’ and ‘blinding’ metaphors of the former, and the spatial shift between self and universe that metaphor entails, in the latter. We also highlight some of the ways in which the two bodies of work relate to each other, and speak to us about how imagination relates to understanding, particularly through the short story ‘El Aleph’ and Borges’ later reappraisal of Gongorine methods. The lesson that Góngora and Borges teach us about such explanations is twofold: firstly, that any explanation is only every partial, and secondly, that explanations can only ever be indirect and are always mediated by the imagination. Ultimately, the irony is that, for these authors, a large element of the ‘truth’ that we achieve is an understanding about the limited nature of understanding itself.

Topic: Borges, Kipling, and Jewish Identity
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Active Corrosion Control in Wire EDM of carbide punches

The electrical field within the machining area of a WEDM machine was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. In this document, we share the results of this simulation, in particular the geometry considered Figure 5: Electrical field distribution while machining a) with negative polarity of -10 V, b) with positive polarity of +5 V and c) with positive polarity of +2 V Figure 6: Worktank geometry considered and electrical field distribution during storage with an external applied voltage of -0.5 V. 1) when the WC-Co workpiece is connected to the machine ground with: a) brass wire also connected to the ground and b) wire removed. 2) when the WC-Co workpiece is insulated (floating ground) with the c) wire connected to the ground, d) wire at floating ground and e) wire removed.

Topic: Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Framing health messages in short-form videos: a moderated mediation model with medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence

Purpose This study explores how message framing in short-form health videos influences medication purchase intention and the underlying mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted. Study 1 investigated the relationships between message framing, negative emotions, and medication purchase intention. Study 2 tested the moderating role of medication belief in a moderated mediation model using a 2×2 between-subjects design, and Study 3 examined that of susceptibility to informational influence using a one-factor between-subjects design. Findings Consumers showed higher over-the-counter medication purchase intention after watching loss-framed messages in treatment-oriented short-form health videos. These messages evoked negative emotions, which in turn increased medication purchase intention. Medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence moderated the mediating effect of negative emotions, such that the effect was enhanced among individuals with high medication belief or high susceptibility to informational influence. Practical implications Pharmaceutical marketers should strategically deliver loss-framed messages in short-form health videos to effectively promote over-the-counter medications. Originality/value The study extends the framing effect to treatment-oriented short-form health videos. It reveals the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating effect of medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence within a moderated mediation framework, highlighting key emotional and individual-level factors in digital health decisions.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Buoyancy effects in stagnation-point flow of Maxwell fluid utilizing non-Fourier heat flux approach

Here we utilize a non-Fourier approach to model buoyancy aiding or opposing flow of Maxwell fluid in the region of stagnation-point towards a vertical stretchable surface. Flow field is permeated by uniform transverse magnetic field. Two different heating processes namely (i) prescribed surface temperature (PST) and (ii) constant wall temperature (CWT) are analyzed. Through suitable transformations, the similarity equations are formed which are treated numerically for a broad range of magnetic interaction parameter. The obtained solutions are compared with available articles under limiting situations and such comparisons appear convincing. The structure of boundary layer depends on a parameter measuring the ratio of free stream velocity to the stretching sheet velocity. The momentum transport via stretching boundary is opposed by both fluid relaxation time and magnetic interaction parameter. Thermal boundary layer expands as the effects of transverse magnetic field and thermal relaxation time are amplified. A reduction in heat penetration depth is anticipated for increasing values of thermal relaxation time. The variation in wall slope of temperature with increasing thermal relaxation time appears similar at any assigned value of Prandtl number. A comparative study of aiding and opposition flow situations is presented and deliberated.

Topic: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Medical dictionary MedDRA: Used in over 60 countries, among which is Montenegro

Introduction: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) is a medical coding dictionary which is designed in order to be used by regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, clinical research organizations and health care professionals, i.e. all participants in the system of medicines safety monitoring. Methods: This article describes process which is used for medical coding in clinical data management and, in brief, most commonly used medical dictionary MedDRA. The purpose of this paper is a modest contribution to easier and more successful understanding of the encoding process in clinical data management in the field of pharmacovigilance. Topic: MedDRA Development, structure, multi-axiality, availability of foreign languages, as well as common problems faced by medical coding expert while coding were presented. Conclusion: MedDRA has become the standard medical terminology for drug regulators and pharmaceutical companies in Montenegro. Training should be provided to all coders in order to achieve the optimum level of coding and to ensure that all the parameters for quality are achieved. Coding should be treated as one of the most important function in clinical research.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Social Media Communication Among Military Spouses: Review of Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward

A literature review was conducted on online social networking among military spouses. The unique experiences of military spouses are described, followed by a review of the growth of online social networking. Although minimal research has been conducted with military samples, civilian research has found that social media is largely used to foster social interactions; further, social media has distinct advantages and potential challenges. Social media can function to either connect people or isolate them; it can also promote well-being or cause distress. Best practices are offered to further research and utilization of social media among military spouses.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Statement of Retraction: Downregulated lncRNA CRNDE contributes to the enhancement of nerve repair after traumatic brain injury in rats

This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Downregulated lncRNA CRNDE contributes to the enhancement of nerve repair after traumatic brain injury in rats

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Simplex and Duplex Event-Specific Analytical Methods for Functional Biotech Maize

Analytical methods are very important in the control of genetically modified organism (GMO) labeling systems or living modified organism (LMO) management for biotech crops. Event-specific primers and probes were developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis for biotech maize event 3272 and LY 038 on the basis of the 3' flanking regions, respectively. The qualitative primers confirmed the specificity by a single PCR product and sensitivity to 0.05% as a limit of detection (LOD). Simplex and duplex quantitative methods were also developed using TaqMan real-time PCR. One synthetic plasmid was constructed from two taxon-specific DNA sequences of maize and two event-specific 3' flanking DNA sequences of event 3272 and LY 038 as reference molecules. In-house validation of the quantitative methods was performed using six levels of mixing samples, from 0.1 to 10.0%. As a result, the biases from the true value and the relative deviations were all within the range of +/-30%. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the quantitative methods were all 0.1% for simplex real-time PCRs of event 3272 and LY 038 and 0.5% for duplex real-time PCR of LY 038. This study reports that event-specific analytical methods were applicable for qualitative and quantitative analysis for biotech maize event 3272 and LY 038.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Photochemistry and transport of tropospheric ozone and its precursors in urban and remote environments

Tropospheric ozone (O3) adversely affects human health, reduces crop yields, and contributes to climate forcing. To limit these effects, the processes controlling O3 abundance as well as that of its precursor molecules must be fully characterized. Here, I examine three facets of O3 production, both in heavily polluted and remote environments. First, using in situ observations from the DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore/Washington region, I evaluate the emissions of the O3 precursors CO and NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). I find that CO/NOx emissions ratios derived from observations are 21% higher than those predicted by the NEI. Comparisons to output from the CMAQ model suggest that CO in the NEI is accurate within 15 ± 11%, while NOx emissions are overestimated by 51-70%, likely due to errors in mobile sources. These results imply that ambient ozone concentrations will respond more efficiently to NOx controls than current models suggest. I then investigate the source of high O3 and low H2O structures in the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP). A combination of in situ observations, satellite data, and models show that the high O3 results from photochemical production in biomass burning plumes from fires in tropical Southeast Asia and Central Africa; the low relative humidity results from large-scale descent in the tropics. Because these structures have frequently been attributed to mid-latitude pollution, biomass burning in the tropics likely contributes more to the radiative forcing of climate than previously believed. Finally, I evaluate the processes controlling formaldehyde (HCHO) in the TWP. Convective transport of near surface HCHO leads to a 33% increase in upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios; convection also likely increases upper tropospheric CH3OOH to ~230 pptv, enough to maintain background HCHO at ~75 pptv. The long-range transport of polluted air, with NO four times the convectively controlled background, intensifies the conversion of HO2 to OH, increasing OH by a factor of 1.4. Comparisons between the global chemistry model CAM-Chem and observations show that consistent underestimates of HCHO by CAM-Chem throughout the troposphere result from underestimates in both NO and acetaldehyde.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW CHILL BLACKCURRANTS FROM THE NEW ZEALAND BREEDING RPOGRAMME

HortResearch has been breeding blackcurrants since 1992. The current emphasis of the programme is on producing low chill cultivars suitable for the NZ climate. Blackcurrants are normally grown in regions of NZ which have average winter chilling of 1300 hours based on the 7 degreesC model. Incorporating gall mite resistance into low chill cultivars is an important objective. In the last 4 years, four cultivars have been released, McWhite, Torlesse, Murchison and Owen. McWhite and Torlesse are susceptible to gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) but are high yielding and have good fruit quality characteristics. McWhite has strong colour, moderate acidity and moderate vitamin C levels. Torlesse has low acidity, moderate colour and Vitamin C levels. Murchison and Owen, after 3 years exposure to gall mite, remain resistant. Both Murchison and Owen fruit have moderate acidity, colour and vitamin C levels.

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Failure to Construct an MMPI-Based Incest Perpetrator Scale

The viability of the MMPI item pool for the purpose of constructing a scale to identify and assess the characteristics of incest perpetrators was empirically tested using the contrasted groups or external criterion method. All 566 MMPI items were empirically contrasted through an item selection procedure known as "Validation Generalization," which minimized Type I selection errors. Subjects included 89 male incest perpetrators and 81 male mental health outpatients who had no known history of psychosexual disorder. Out of an initial pool of 81 significant MMPI items, six items were selected that reliably discriminated between the criterion and contrast groups at the .05 level. Only one of these six items was directly indicative of sexual deviance. The obtained number of significant MMPI items was insufficient for inventory scale construction. It was concluded that these findings do not support the utility of the MMPI item pool in making prepetrator identifications in outpatient settings.

Topic: Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of meteorological factors on population of major insect pests in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. under middle Gujarat condition

Investigation on major insect pests in tomato was carried out at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14. Whitefly population was noticed from 39th standard meteorological week (SMW) with maximum population in 45th SMW (2.72 whiteflies/ 3 compound leaves). Aphid population was noticed from 42nd SMW with highest peak in 52nd SMW (0.98). Maximum larval population of leaf miner was observed in 48th SMW with number of larva 0.86 per 3 compound leaves. The activity of Helicoverpa armigera commenced from 39th SMW with larval population in the range of 0.12 to 1.86 per 3 twigs. Correlation study was carried out to find out impact of abiotic factors on the activity of insect pests. Wind speed on whitefly, H. armigera, leaf miner, spider; maximum temperature on aphid and spider; evening relative humidity on whitefly, aphid, leaf miner and evaporation on aphid were key abiotic factors influencing significantly on the fluctuation of the pests.

Topic: Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[3H]ouabain binding to cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells

The number of Na+ pump units (Bmax) and the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for ouabain as well as parameters of K+ binding to the Na+ pump were examined in in vitro-grown vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. The technique to measure these variables utilizes analyses of [3H]ouabain displacement from its VSMC receptors by nonlabeled ouabain and K+. The mean values for Bmax and Kd in the cultured VSMCs were 1.95 X 10(5) receptor sites per single VSMC and 2.68 X 10(-6) M, respectively. The equilibrium dissociation constant for K+ (Ki) was 0.92 mM. K+ binding to the cultured VSMCs demonstrated positive cooperativity with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.78.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Relation between the cation exchange capacity and the pore space in clay soils: incidences on the morphology of the clay stage at the scale of elementary assemblies = Relation entre la capacité d'échange cationique et le volume poral dans les sols argileux : incidences sur la morphologie de la phase argileuse à l'échelle des assemblages élémentaires

The pore space in the clay stage of soils is studied from the clean samples of clay soils. The results show a relationship between this pore space and the mineralogy of the clay particles which are characterized by their capacity of cation exchange. The dicussion of this relationship leads to propose a morphologic model of assembly of elementary particles which account for the recorded variations of pore space. / Le volume poral développé par la phase argileuse de sols est étudié à partir d'échantillons non perturbés de sols argileux. Les résultats mettent en évidence une relation entre ce volume poral et la minéralogie des particules d'argile que l'on caractérise par leur capacité d'échange cationique. La discussion de cette relation conduit à proposer un modèle morphologique d'assemblage des particules élémentaires qui rend compte des variations de volume poral enregistrées.

Topic: Clay minerals and soil interactions
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Pardox Of High R&amp;D And Industry Stability: Technology And Structural Dynamics In The Global Hearing Instrument Industry

The hearing instruments (hearing aids) industry is typically described as a technologically vigorous area. One indication is high R&D intensity. And yet over the past 25 years, the structure of this industry worldwide has remained surprisingly stable. This paper analyzes the industry's technology and structural dynamics in order to shed light on this paradox. It is shown that the industry's market structure and patterns of components supply exert strong influences on the nature of technological development, and that the technology in turn is to a large degree blocking changes in industry structure, especially entry and vertical integration.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences