jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Function of Course Pre-Requisites in Biology

Prerequisite courses are essential tools in many university curricula, but some educators have suggested that they may be detrimental if applied too stringently to exclude students from courses. A measure of the value of prerequisites is whether or not they promote student success. The strongest way to test the value of prerequisites is to compare the success rate of students with and without prerequisites in higher-level courses. Although such comparisons can be based on instructor assessment of preparedness or even on student self-assessment, the most meaningful comparisons of student success are grades and withdrawal rates of students with and without prerequisites. This article presents the results of a comparison of the success rates of students with and without prerequisites in higher-level biology courses at the University of South Florida. Based on this study: (1) the faculty-driven model of the function of prerequisites yielded better course performance than the student-driven model; and (2) both failure and withdrawal rates of students in Department of Biology courses at dropped significantly when prerequisites were enforced. (Contains 1 figure.)

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Physical unitarity of a massive Yang-Mills theory without the Higgs field from a viewpoint of confinement

In this talk, we examine the physical unitarity in a massive Yang-Mills theory without the Higgs field in which the color gauge symmetry is not spontaneously broken and kept intact.For this purpose, we use a new framework proposed one of the authors based on a nonperturbative construction of a non-Abelian field describing a massive spin-one vector boson field, which enables us to perform the perturbative and nonperturbative studies on the physical unitarity.Moreover, we present a new perturbative treatment for the physical unitarity after giving the general properties of the massive Yang-Mills theory.Then we reproduce the violation of physical unitarity in a transparent way.This work is a preliminary work to the subsequent works in which we present a nonperturbative framework to propose a possible scenario of restoring the physical unitarity in the Curci-Ferrari model.We discuss the implications for the low-energy QCD in relation to color confinement, glueball mass and BRST-invariant dimension-two condensate.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Therapeutic Apheresis: Applications and Future Directions

Abstract. The past 10–15 years have been witness to major technological achievements in the field of therapeutic apheresis. Concurrently, a large number of diseases, primarily with an immunological basis, have been treated with apheresis. In this paper, we review the various applications of therapeutic apheresis, adverse reactions associated with the mode of therapy, and future research directions. Several representative diseases are also discussed in detail.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Modulation of Cell Proliferation in Cultured Postimplantation Embryos by Cyclic AMP

The treatment of mouse blastocysts with cyclic AMP (cAMP) (1 mM) in vitro resulted in a 5-fold decrease in the percentage of embryos developing germ layers as compared with controls. However, outgrowth of trophoblastic cells from embryos was unaffected by cAMP. Theophylline (1 mM) was found to be synergistic to the inhibitory effect of cAMP on the development of the embryo proper. No effect was found with 5′-AMP alone, indicating specificity of the phenomenon to the cyclic derivative of nucleotide. Thus, the growing blastocyst appears to be the first stage of embryonic development with cells of differential responsiveness to cAMP.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Precise diagnosis and treatment for peripheral T-cell lymphomas: From pathogenic mechanisms to innovative approaches

&lt;p&gt;Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) encompass a diverse group of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas originating from mature T lymphocytes. Despite their relatively low prevalence compared to B-cell lymphomas, PTCLs pose significant clinical challenges due to their heterogeneity, lack of specific biomarkers, and often poor response to conventional chemotherapies. Unraveling the intricate pathogenic mechanisms underlying PTCLs is pivotal for the development of targeted therapies, which has become a major focus of PTCL research in recent years. It was previously postulated that genomic alterations play a pivotal role in T-cell transformation and lymphomagenesis. Recent multi-omics investigations and functional studies focusing on pathogenic mechanisms have unveiled that in addition to genetic abnormalities, diverse intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of PTCLs. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the pathogenesis and management of PTCLs, focusing on the current and potential precise diagnosis and treatment based on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Bioengineering and drug development have enabled the effective modulation of many previously “undruggable” targets, which offers the potential to target new biomarkers associated with PTCL pathogenesis. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice enables a comprehensive framework, merging diverse data sources and clinical context to discover precise biomarkers for personalized medicine. Finally, we present pressing questions and challenges that demand attention and discuss emerging solutions.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human Rights, Economic Assumptions, the Jordan Compact, and the Syrian Refugee Crisis

Refugee response planners no longer frame Syrian refugees merely as objects of humanitarian care. Increasingly they are portrayed as enterprising subjects, whose formal integration into labor markets simultaneously can create self-sufficient actors and cure the economic woes of host countries. However, bringing together humanitarian and economic agendas is not an easy task. This article analyzes the contradictions and frictions that have emerged in the process of implementing the Jordan Compact, a political commitment to integrate Syrian refugees into the formal Jordanian labor market, and which is supposed to showcase such win-win strategies. It argues that the Jordan Compact should be seen as a policy model that has achieved enough consensus and incorporated enough disparate objectives to be labelled a ‘policy success.’ Yet, central actors have neglected core features of Jordan’s political economy and labor market, and/or the lives and survival strategies of refugees, such that their radical blueprints of transformation have been disrupted. Despite the widespread commitment to the scheme, it is thus unlikely that the Jordan Compact will both reinvigorate the Jordanian economy and offer Syrians the prospect of a dignified, self-sufficient life, an important lesson for comparable schemes being rolled out across the globe.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences V1(2)2010 PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON STEM BARK OF AILANTHUS EXCELSA ROXB. (SIMAROUBACEAE)

Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb (Family-Simaroubaceae) is a large deciduous tree, 60-80 inch in height and 6-8 inch in girth with rough and light grey bark. It has a large panel of indication and it would be more suitable to evaluate the bark since it has been used in diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, astringent, febrifuge, anthelmintic and liver tonic. The present paper highlights the exomorphology, histomorphology, physicochemical evaluation and preliminary phytochemical studies of the bark. For the better understanding of structural details Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also employed. These observation will enable to standardize the botanical identify of the drug in its crude form. Data evolved in this investigation could be used in laying down pharmacopoeial standards for the drug studied, as standardization of herbal medicines is absolutely essential and is need of the hour.

Topic: Phytochemical compounds biological activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Forces and the Future

To write on the future of the Bundeswehr appears at first glance not to be too difficult since there seems to be little change as far as the determinants, i.e. the threat and the strategy, are concerned. But a closer look reveals some uncertainty regarding the future of the Bundeswehr. It is helpful then to start with a brief discussion on the strategic setting and force structure options appropriate to it. The chapter will conclude with aspects of realization and ideas on the Bundeswehr 2000.

Topic: Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Integral therapeutic enactment

Attending to the author's experience as a point-of-departure, this thesis attempts an integration of methods for healing and development that have the potential to be powerfully complementary. Specifically, this thesis weaves together considerations of the Integral approach, therapeutic enactment, and contemplative practice in order to formulate an Integral Therapeutic Enactment (ITE) group-based counseling intervention. The paper introduces Wilber's Integral approach as both a set of social practices for investigation of any domain - a meta-paradigm - and a body of resulting generalizations. Several of these orienting generalizations are explored for their relevance to the therapeutic enactment group counseling process, including the role of dynamic dialectical awareness, implications of holarchical time, and the curative spiral as a model for human change processes. Implications of the Integral approach and contemplative practices are then incorporated into a prototype ITE process. Given the innovative and unconventional nature of the research process and results, the author pays particular attention to issues of validity and reflexivity. The paper concludes with a self-evaluation according to the - validity protocols put forward, and an outline of suggestions for outcome research to test the prototypical Integral Therapeutic Enactment group counselling process.

Topic: Child Therapy and Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Seduction, Surrender, and Transformation

Seduction, Surrender, and Transformation demonstrates how interpersonal psychoanalysis obliges analysts to engage their patients with genuine emotional responsiveness, so that not only the patient but the analyst too is open to ongoing transformation through the analytic experience. In so doing, the analyst moves from the position of an "interpreting observer" to that of an "active participant and facilitator" whose affective communications enable the patient to acquire basic self-trust along with self-knowledge. Drawing on the current literature on affect, Maroda argues that psychological change occurs through affect-laden interpersonal processes. Given that most patients in psychotherapy have problems with affect management, the completing of cycles of affective communication between therapist and patient becomes a vitally important aspect of the therapeutic enterprise. Through emotionally open responses to their patients and careful use of patient-prompted self-disclosures, analysts can facilitate affect regulation responsibly and constructively, with the emphasis always remaining on the patients' experience. Moments of mutual surrender - the honest emotional giving over of patient to analyst and analyst to patient - epitomize the emotionally intense interpersonal experiences that lead to enduring intrapsychic change. Maroda's work is profoundly personal. She does not hesitate to share with the reader how her own personality affects her thinking and her work. Indeed, she believes her theoretical and clinical preferences are emblematic of the way in which the analyst's subjectivity necessarily shapes theory choice and practice preferences in general. Seduction, Surrender, and Transfomation is not only a powerful brief for emotional honesty in the analytic relationship but also a model of the personal openness that, according to Maroda, psychoanalysis demands of all its practitioners.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Implementation of a full Western bulk system operational model for reliability monitoring

This paper reviews the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) Reliability Coordination Function's project of building and implementing one fully operational West-wide System Model (WSM) for Western Interconnection reliability monitoring. Since January 1, 2009, the WSM has been operational, and implemented with online advanced Energy Management System (EMS) applications and other supporting tools. This paper also introduces WECC's experience in both modeling improvement and EMS applications solution tuning. Further, it discusses an established EMS model update process and the future direction of model sharing among WECC members. Finally, it presents a visualization of the WSM EMS solutions, by examples.

Topic: Power Systems and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characteristics of Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases Cases Among U.S. Children With Hematologic Malignancies Before and After Introduction of Thirteen-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 2005–2019

Background: Children with hematologic malignancies (HMs) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on long-term IPD trends in U.S. children with HM after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction are limited. We assessed IPD trends in children with HM before and after PCV13 introduction and the proportion of IPD cases caused by serotypes contained in new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20, introduced after 2019). Methods: During 2005–2019, IPD cases among children &lt;18 years old were identified through the Active Bacterial Core surveillance. We characterized IPD cases by underlying conditions (HM, other IPD risk factors, no IPD risk factors) and time periods [pre-PCV13 (2005–2009), early-PCV13 (2010–2014) and late-PCV13 (2015–2019)]. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in children &lt;5 years of age with and without HM and during 2010–2019. Results: We identified 5912 cases of IPD in children &lt;18 years old; 215 (3.6%) were among children with HM. The proportion of IPD cases with PCV13 serotypes decreased over time in all risk groups; however, IRRs among children with vs. without HM were 215.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 146.1–292.4] and 240.9 (95 CI: 152.3–341.1) in early and late-PCV13 periods, respectively. In late-PCV13 period, PCV15/non-PCV13 serotypes and PCV20/non-PCV15 serotypes caused 19.4% and 4.8% of IPD cases among children with HM. Conclusions: The proportion of PCV13-type IPD decreased in all children after PCV13 introduction. However, children with HM remain at an increased risk of IPD. Continued monitoring of the impact of PCV15 and PCV20 use among children with HM is needed.

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Willingness of farmers to pay for reclaimed wastewater in Jordan and Tunisia

Despite water scarcity and high agricultural water consumption in the Middle East and North Africa region, substantial amounts of treated wastewater are discharged into seas without proper utilization. This can be attributed to either farmers' unwillingness to use or to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Therefore, a field survey was conducted in Jordan and Tunisia, which are considered as representative to the MENA region, using a prepared and pilot tested questionnaire. This study applies the contingent valuation method to elicit the willingness of farmers to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Logistic regression analysis is applied in an attempt to build a model that correlates qualitative responses of farmers to monetary stimuli. The water price seriously affects farming profitability and farmers' willingness to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Farmers prove to be unwilling to pay more than 0.05 $/m3 of reclaimed wastewater primarily because of quality concerns, comparatively easy access to freshwater, and price.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 4699: Pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the interactions of <i>SPP1+MMP12+</i> macrophages with metastasis-initiating cells that drives metastasis

Abstract Advanced understanding of cancer immunology has contributed to a significant decline in cancer deaths in the past few decades. However, there are still vast majority of patients with no effective response for current immunotherapy drugs because of some innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, promoting all steps of malignant progression to metastasis. Therefore, the development of new strategies against these pro-metastatic non-tumor components in the tumor microenvironment is in need. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs), as the critical component of tumor microenvironment (TME), display diverse and even opposing function phenotypes, but without systematic investigation on their ubiquitous characteristics across different cancer types. Here, we perform pan-cancer analysis on 92 samples across 6 solid cancer types to profile the TME of normal, primary tumor, metastatic lymph node and distant metastasis at single-cell resolution, illustrating the commonalities/plasticity of heterogenous TAMs. We uncover 21 distinct subtypes of TAMs with varying abundance and biological function in different tissue microenvironment, providing evidence for the plasticity of TAMs. In particular, the enrichment of SPP1+MMP12+ macrophages in the TME of lymph node metastasis, likely interacting with metastasis-initiating cells (MICs), is associated with promoting malignant progression to metastasis and survival stratifications. Multi-color immunofluorescence (mIF) staining for relevant markers is being performed in mouse models and clinical samples for comprehensive validation. Our study comprehensively describes the characteristics and dynamics of TAMs and highlights their heterogeneity and plasticity depending on their surrounding microenvironment. Citation Format: Baifeng Zhang, Dora Lai-wan Kwong, Xin-Yuan Guan. Pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the interactions of SPP1+MMP12+ macrophages with metastasis-initiating cells that drives metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4699.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Population‐specific gender‐biased hybridization between<i>Dryopteris intermedia</i>and<i>D. carthusiana</i>: evidence from chloroplast DNA

As has been shown for many kinds of organisms, barriers to interspecific hybridization may differ in strength between reciprocal crosses, resulting in a bias in the probability that one or the other species may be the maternal or paternal parent of hybrids. The fern Dryopteris X triploidea , the “backcross” hybrid between the diploid D. intermedia and the tetraploid D. carthusiana , occurs in large numbers in nature, providing an opportunity to investigate whether such a bias exists. Differences in the chloroplast genome distinguishing the two parental species were discovered in the sequence of the trnL region following amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including a Mse I restriction site. This allowed rapid identification of the donor of the chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal parent of each hybrid, assuming chloroplast DNA to be maternally inherited in Dryopteris. Analysis was carried out on 127 hybrids, shown to be of independent origin using allozymes, occurring at three localities in Virginia and West Virginia. When samples from all localities were pooled, 91 possessed the D. carthusiana trnL genotype and 36 possessed the D. intermedia genotype, a ratio that is significantly different ( P &lt; 0.001) from the null hypothesis of no gender bias. The strength of the bias differed significantly among the three sites, however, with bias at the West Virginia site much stronger (5.6:1 carthusiana : intermedia ; P &lt; 0.001) than at either Virginia site (1.55:1 and 1.43:1 carthusiana : intermedia , respectively; P &gt; 0.05 in both cases). The cause of the strong bias in the West Virginia sample is unknown, as is the cause of the population differences. Causes of bias could include differences between the parental species related to their ploidy difference, including sizes of gametes and/or gametangia, sperm motility, breeding system ( D. intermedia is outcrossing while D. carthusiana is selfing), or the nature and strength of interspecific isolating mechanisms.

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Thrombocytopenic Purpura with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Thrombocytopenia induced by anti tubercular drugs is well known, but development of thrombocytopenia in association with tuberculosis without anti tubercular drugs is rare. We are reporting a 24 years male having thrombocytopenia with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Artificial Intelligence and IoT based detection of pesticide in organic fruits and vegetables

Many modern techniques were developed to produce more quantity of food for growing population. Now a day fruits and vegetables have become the major source of nutrients and energy. Many chemicals are used in the production of fruits and vegetables, which are dangerous for consumers. To identify pesticides in organic fruits and vegetables, it is necessary to build low-cost, portable, sensitive, and selective biosensing platform. Many sensors like nano-sensors, pH sensors, humidity and temperature sensors and gas sensors are used to detect the pesticides on the fruits and vegetables. The input data is taken from sensors and send to the microcontroller where the program is written in such a way that it calculates the number of pesticides present on fruits and display the output on the display. Main aim of our paper is to calculate the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) using IR sensors. The software for this project is written in embedded c program. The safe value of pesticides on fruits or vegetables which can which can be consumed by humans and animals are given in the embedded c program. If a fruit is detected to belong in a range above or below the threshold level then the fruits sample contains pesticides. Through IOT, the pesticides content and the value from each sensor are seen in mobile application.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences