jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High passage numbers induce resistance to apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells

Cell lines with high passage numbers exhibit alterations in cell morphology and functions. In the present work, C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with either low (< 20) or high (> 60) passage numbers (identified as 1-C2C12 or h-C2C12, respectively) were used to investigate the apoptotic response to H2O2 as a function of culture age h-C2C12. We found that older cultures (h-C2C12 group) were depleted of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). When we analyzed the behavior of Bad, Bax, caspase-3 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, we observed that cells in the h-C2C12 group were resistant to H2O2 induction of apoptosis. We propose serially cultured C2Cl2 cells as a refractory model to H2O2-induced apoptosis. In addition, the data obtained in this work suggest that mtDNA is required for apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle C2C12 cells.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A district nurse’s guide to the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007

The government considers forced marriage to be a form of domestic abuse with some 3?000 cases reported to the forced marriage unit each year in the UK. Both the Home Office and the Foreign and commonwealth office consider health professionals, such as district nurses, to be ideally placed to identify, help and support the victims of forced marriage. To do this effectively district nurses must be aware of the provisions of the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Research on Packaging Design of Take-Out Food Oriented Towards the Usability Enhancement

Usability enhancement of take-out food packaging in its whole life circle was analyzed in this paper from the standpoint of businesses, shop assistants, consumer and environment, respectively. Results indicated that usability enhancement of take-out food packaging can be achieved by taking following measures: producing universal packages as soon as possible, reducing packaging decoration design, decreasing space occupation by using foldable packages, designing self-sealing and auto end-locked structure to facilitate enclosing and opening of packages, reducing quantity of packaging materials. These results provide packaging designers (or more broadly, design decision makers) with more advanced design concepts in the process of take-out food packaging design. KEYWORD: Usability; Take-out food packaging; Process; Design

Topic: Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
High prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure.

The present study suggests that though IBS is common in patients with CRF, it is generally underestimated. Type of dialysis does not seem to change the clinical picture much. Accompanying mood disorders must also be taken into consideration.

Topic: Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect the seaweed Sargassum filipendula and Ascophyllum nodosum on the resistance of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to hypothermal shock

This study investigated the resistance of Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) to hypothermal shock when treated with extracts from the brown seaweeds Sargassum filipendula and Ascophyllum nodosum, either by immersion for postlarvae or as a dietary supplement for juveniles. Post-larvae were exposed to seaweed extracts at concentrations of 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg*L⁻¹, while juveniles were fed diets with 0.5%, 2.0%, and 4.0% seaweed extracts for 10 days. For juveniles (~12 g), hemato-immunological and microbiological analyses were conducted after feeding with 5% seaweed diets for 15 days, all followed by hypothermal shock. Samples were collected prior to the start of thermal shock, immediately after shock (0 h), and 1 and 24 h after return to initial temperature. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds A. nodosum and S. filipendula at concentrations 100 mg*L⁻¹ and 200 mg*L⁻¹, respectively, improves the survival rates of post-larvae L. vannamei submitted to hypothermal stress. For juvenile shrimps, hypothermal shock causes significant immunodepression and reduces the bacterial community in the intestine. The addition of seaweed to the feed did not increase the survival rate and did not affect the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei. In the case of immunological parameters, both species positively affect the agglutination titer, but no other parameters analyzed.

Topic: Echinoderm biology and ecology
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An evidential reasoning extension to quantitative model-based failure diagnosis

The detection and diagnosis of failures in physical systems characterized by continuous-time operation are studied. A quantitative diagnostic methodology has been developed that utilizes the mathematical model of the physical system. On the basis of the latter, diagnostic models are derived each of which comprises a set of orthogonal parity equations. To improve the robustness of the algorithm, several models may be used in parallel, providing potentially incomplete and/or conflicting inferences. Dempster's rule of combination is used to integrate evidence from the different models. The basic probability measures are assigned utilizing quantitative information extracted from the mathematical model and from online computation performed therewith.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Artistic style characterization of Vincent van Gogh’s brushstrokes.

Automatic style characterization is the process of measuring, extracting, and analysing different formal elements. Brushstroke technique, in conjunction with other formal elements such as colour and texture, play a vital role in defining an artistic style. This thesis explores the stroke-based style analysis of the paintings of Vincent van Gogh, who is well-known for his use of wide and repetitive brushstrokes. Novel brushstroke extraction techniques are used to segment and analyse Van Gogh’s brushstrokes. The extracted features can then be compiled into a feature set which represents the quantified brushstrokes’ properties and tested using several classificationbased tests. The most contributing factor for detecting visible brushstroke is the brushstroke’s texture, due to the fact that the texture-based segmentation methods give more satisfactory results in extracting visible brushstrokes with their average classification accuracy and F-measure being 98.30% and 0.973 respectively.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Field emission in ordered arrays of ZnO nanowires prepared by nanosphere lithography and extended Fowler-Nordheim analyses

A multistage chemical method based on nanosphere lithography was used to produce hexagonally patterned arrays of ZnO vertical nanowires, with 1 μm interspacing and aspect ratio ∼20, with a view to study the effects of emitter uniformity on the current emitted upon application of a dc voltage across a 250 μm vacuum gap. A new treatment, based on the use of analytical expressions for the image-potential correction functions, was applied to the linear region below 2000 V of the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot and showed the most suitable value of the work function φ in the range 3.3–4.5 eV (conduction band emission) with a Schottky lowering parameter y ∼ 0.72 and a field enhancement factor γ in the 700–1100 range. A modeled γ value of ∼200 was calculated for an emitter shape of a prolate ellipsoid of revolution and also including the effect of nanowire screening, in fair agreement with the experimental value. The Fowler-Nordheim current densities and effective emission areas were derived as 1011 Am−2 and 10−17 m2, respectively, showing that field emission likely takes place in an area of atomic dimensions at the tip of the emitter. Possible causes for the observed departure from linear FN plot behavior above 2000 V were discussed.

Topic: ZnO doping and properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improved antibacterial activity of topical gel-based on nanosponge carrier of cinnamon oil

<i><b>Introduction:</b></i> Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is a volatile oil, obtained from <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> has become one of the most important natural oil due to its antimicrobial activity. CEO suffers from various limitations such as instability and skin irritation. This problem has been overcome by formulating CEO-loaded nanosponges incorporated in carbopol gel with increased antimicrobial property and reduced skin irritation. <i><b>Methods:</b></i> The nanosponges were fabricated by solvent emulsion diffusion method and evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, particle size, field emission scanning electron microscopy studies (FE-SEM), <i>in vitro</i> dissolution studies, <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial studies, using agar diffusion method, <i>in vivo</i> antibacterial activity and skin irritation studies and stability studies. <i><b>Results:</b></i> Nanosponge NS1 batch was found to be in the nanosize range. FTIR studies confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interaction. NS1 confirmed a porous structure with a uniform spherical shape using FE-SEM studies. <i>In vitro</i> dissolution studies of optimized NS1 revealed 80% drug release in 5 h whereas, incorporating the formulation into carbopol gel showed 100% release in 5h from G1 formulation. In vitro antibacterial study of the nanosponge (NS1 and NS3) showed remarkable antibacterial activity as seen from the zone of inhibition and gel formulation G1 also showed the highest zone of inhibition with 50±1.2 mm. NS1 and G1 were stable for 2 months under accelerated conditions and 3 months under room temperature conditions. Furthermore, the <i>in vivo</i> and skin irritation studies were performed with selected formulation against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , where the results confirmed the significant antimicrobial activity with no skin irritation. <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> Nanosponge carriers can be more therapeutically effective for essential oils which can further be incorporated into topical gels for convenient application.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Variable response of interspecific breeding lines of groundnut to Sclerotium rolfsii infection under field and laboratory conditions

Evaluation of interspecific derivatives of groundnut was carried out under field and laboratory conditions for stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii during rainy and post-rainy seasons from 2005-2008. Disease incidence was higher during rainy compared to post-rainy season. During initial screening of interspecific derivatives for stem rot under sick plot, 42 lines were found to be promising with no disease incidence. Advanced screening of these promising lines was carried out in concrete block with sick soil under field conditions and earthen pot with sick soil under lab conditions. Interspecific lines NRCGCS-47, NRCGCS-99, NRCGCS-131 and NRCGCS-319 were found promising against stem rot during early stages and later stages of crop growth. Out of which interspecific line NRCGCS-319 was found to be most stable one with comparatively lower pooled disease incidence over concrete block and laboratory conditions.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Eclipsing Star BD Virginis.

view Abstract Citations References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Eclipsing Star BD Virginis. Payne Gaposchkin, Cecilia Abstract The eclipsing star BD Virginis is studied on the basis of 773 Harvard plates. It is apparently a normal Algol star. The range is from 1O'~25 to 11m45. A grazing eclipse is adopted, the inclination of the orbit being 77Â°. If the earlier star is of spectral class A2, the other is an F or G star, a typical subgiant. In period, light-curve, dimensions, and masses the system resembles that of Algol Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1944 DOI: 10.1086/144656 Bibcode: 1944ApJ...100..186P full text sources ADS |

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1841080: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Making Contact Through Signed Languages

This volume of the Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities series focuses on contact between signed languages and its effects, including creation, borrowing, and attrition.In the introduction, Quinto-Pozos reviews research on contact between signed and spoken languages which results in contact signing, code switching, fingerspelling, and mouthing of spoken words and contact between signed languages which can also produce interference, that is, use of handshapes or nonmanuals from one signed language when producing another.Two contributions discuss lexical creation in signed languages.McKee, McKee, Smiler, and Pointon describe struggles of Deaf M aori to create cultural signs in New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL).Five types of M aori signs are identified: (a) native signs within NZSL, (b) semantic loans, that is, NZSL signs with M aori mouthing, (c) loan translations, for example, fingerspelled initials of M aori words or M aori words translated into NZSL signs, (d) neologisms, that is, newly coined signs based on iconicity or combining existing NZSL morphemes, and (e) substitutions, that is, signs coined to replace conceptually or culturally incorrect M aori signs.Hoyer describes the emergence of Albanian Sign Language (AlbSL) after the collapse of Communism in the 1990s.A school for the deaf that opened in 1960 mainly used oralism and fingerspelling.Thus, the roots of AlbSL came from lexicalized fingerspelling, initialized signs, and native signs based on hearing culture's emblematic gestures, but lexical items are being added through borrowing from International Sign and other signed languages.Two other contributions also focus on borrowing.Davis compares lexical items from North American Indian Signed Languages to historical records of ASL and concludes that ASL and Indian Signed Languages (with lexical similarities around 50%) have a history of contact and borrowing.Sasaki's lexical com-

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for reliable enumeration of Aeromonas hydrophila in water samples

Aeromonas hydrophila is&nbsp;an opportunistic pathogen of human and animals with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Control of&nbsp;A.&nbsp;hydrophila&nbsp;numbers in water is recommended for water quality estimation. Consequently, we developed a SYBR Green method for rapid quantification of&nbsp;A. hydrophila,&nbsp;targeting three genes: 16SrRNA gene, the cytolytic enterotoxin gene (aerA) and the heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin gene (ast). The sensitivity and the specificity of the method were tested using 34 positive and negative controls. The improved level of detection was established with serial dilution of genomic DNA of type strain CIP 7614T. Linear relation between Ct-value and bacterial cell concentration were obtained. The limit of detection found in this study corresponds to 10 cells of&nbsp;A. hydrophila. Finally, the method was tested on seven artificially contaminated waters and on 30 unknown water samples. A significant similarity was observed when comparing results of SYBR Green method (concerning specially the 16SrRNA gene) with microbiological enumeration. Only 13% of natural samples were contaminated with&nbsp;A. hydrophila. The qPCR protocol developed in this study allows quantifying of&nbsp;A. hydrophilain water samples with a good level of detectability. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Aeromonas hydrophila, water, real time PCR, SYBR Green.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Consumer Welfare and Market Structure in a Model of Competition between Open Source and Proprietary Software

I consider a Vickrey-Salop model of spatial product differentiation with quasi-linear utility functions and contrast two modes of production, the proprietary model where entrepreneurs sell software to the users, and the open source model where users participate in software development. I show that the OS model of production may be more efficient from the point of view of welfare than the proprietary model, but that an OS industry is vulnerable to entry by entrepreneurs while a proprietary industry can resist entry by OS projects. A mixed industry where OS and proprietary development methods coexist may exhibit large OS projects cohabiting with more specialized proprietary projects, and is more efficient than the proprietary model of production from the point of view of welfare.

Topic: Open Source Software Innovations
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Clerodanes: A New Synthetic Approach from Carbohydrates.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PSVII-4 Effect of the residual gain and genetic group on body chemical composition of water buffaloes

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of residual gain (RG) on body chemical composition of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) and verify the presence of chemical variables related to this efficiency measure. One-hundred-forty-eight non-castrated male (338.29 ±64.16 kg initial body weight; 370 ±28 days of initial age) from two similar experiments were used. The animals remained in feedlot and were slaughtered after 240 days (adaptation+trial periods). The RG was calculated considering 84 days after adaptation period. After the slaughter the empty body weight (EBW) of each animal was obtained and the left half-carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone, after 24h of cooling. The chemical composition [moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash] of each ground tissue was analyzed by the classical method. The body CP was also determined based on CP fat-free dry matter (CPFFDM). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS. The class of RG, genetic group, and the resulting interaction were tested as fixed effect and year as a random effect. The variable results are reported as kg of EBW. There was no interaction effect (P ≥ 0.11) for the variables studied. Effect of class of RG was detected for the variables EBW (P = 0.021), water (P = 0.016), and EE (P = 0.035), while tendency was observed for CP (P = 0.074), for which animals classified as more efficient for residual gain demonstrated high values (Table 1). Furthermore, there was effect of GG for EBW (P = 0.002), water (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and CP (P = 0.014) variables. Tendency of GG effect was observed for ash (P = 0.085) and EE (P = 0.057). Jafarabadi showed high values for all the variables cited. In conclusion, there are difference in the body chemical composition of water buffaloes according to the animal efficiency evaluated by residual gain, as well as according to genetic groups. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
From Safety Cases to Security Cases

Assurance cases are widely used in the safely domain, where they pro-vide a way to justify the safety of a system and render that justification open to review. Assurance cases have not been widely used in security, but there is guid-ance available and there have been some promising experiments. There are a number of differences between safety and security which have implications for how we create security cases, but they do not appear to be insurmountable. It appears that the process of creating a security case is compatible with typical evaluation processes, and will have additional benefits in terms of training and corporate memory. In this paper we discuss some of the implications and chal-lenges of applying the practice of assurance case construction from the safety domain to the security domain.

Topic: Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antioxidant Hydrogels: Antioxidant Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Applications in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress‐Related Diseases

Abstract Oxidative stress is a biochemical process that disrupts the redox balance due to an excess of oxidized substances within the cell. Oxidative stress is closely associated with a multitude of diseases and health issues, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, and aging. Therefore, the developing of antioxidant treatment strategies has emerged as a pivotal area of medical research. Hydrogels have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional biocompatibility, adjustable physicochemical properties, and capabilities for drug delivery. Numerous antioxidant hydrogels have been developed and proven effective in alleviating oxidative stress. In the pursuit of more effective treatments for oxidative stress‐related diseases, there is an urgent need for advanced strategies for the fabrication of multifunctional antioxidant hydrogels. Consequently, the authors' focus will be on hydrogels that possess exceptional reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species scavenging capabilities, and their role in oxidative stress therapy will be evaluated. Herein, the antioxidant mechanisms and the design strategies of antioxidant hydrogels and their applications in oxidative stress‐related diseases are discussed systematically in order to provide critical insights for further advancements in the field.

Topic: Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences