jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect Of U-Turn In Reinforced Concrete Dog-Legged Stair Slabs

Reinforced concrete stair slabs with mid landings i.e. Dog-legged shaped are conventionally designed as per specifications of standard codes of practices which guide about the effective span according to the varying support conditions. Presently, the behavior of such slabs has been investigated using Finite Element method. A single flight stair slab with landings on both sides and supported at ends on wall, and a multi flight stair slab with landings and six different support arrangements have been analyzed. The results obtained for stresses, strains and deflections are used to describe the behavior of such stair slabs, including locations of critical moments and deflections. Values of critical moments obtained by F.E. analysis have also have been compared with that obtained from conventional analysis. Analytical results show that the moments are also critical near the kinks i.e. junction of mid-landing and inclined waist slab. This change in the behavior of dog-legged stair slab may be due to continuity of the material in transverse direction in two landings adjoining the waist slab, hence additional stiffness achieved. This change in the behavior is generally not taken care of in conventional method of design.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
All-boy mathematics classes in middle school.

A comparative case study focused on six mathematics teachers of all-boy classes in three middle schools. Each school chose to experiment with gendered classes to improve specific, yet somewhat different, outcomes. A purpose of this study was not to compare single-gender schooling with coeducation, but rather, to focus on each school's implementation process and to identify school and classroom factors that seemed to contribute to success of the single-gender program. Another purpose was to examine mathematics teaching. Observational analysis used as a framework the Five Strands of Mathematics Proficiency. Related areas of inquiry were classroom time allocation, textbook selection and use, and mathematics beliefs. Results indicated many differences in the nature of the mathematics teaching for the six teachers of the study. Additionally, teacher use of a non-traditional textbook did not relate to non- traditional teacher practices. Overall findings suggested one school to be more successful than the other two in implementing a single-gender program and in using the all-boy mathematics classes to improve student outcomes. Four school-level phenomena that seemed particularly important were as follows: the faculty "bought-in" to the belief that a single-gender program could improve learning for their students; teacher retention was high; teachers possessed a high sense of collective teacher efficacy; and the principal served effectively as an instructional leader. Additionally, the teacher participants at this school most frequently implemented strategies for boys and exhibited the most characteristics of teaching for mathematics proficiency. In teaching all-boy mathematics classes, classroom management was a first priority. Secondly, teachers of the study found they could engage and motivate boys by using teaching strategies that work for boys and by building relationships with their students. Strategies identified in this study as being successful with boys included games and competition; drama and jokes; the scaffolding of lessons and tasks; and assistance in developing organizational skills. Once, classroom management structures were operational and boys were engaged, teachers reported that boys sustained their engagement in mathematics activities and problems. Thirty-one middle school boys were interviewed, and all reported that they enjoyed mathematics and perceived it as useful for current and future pursuits.

Topic: Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Understanding the role of mtDNA in tumor progression

Metabolic reprogramming mediated by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA instability of tumor cells has been pointed as a hallmark of cancer progression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have become a powerful tool to explore the impact of genomic instability in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. Here, we propose that the usage of NGS technology can accurately quantify mitochondrial genome instability by assessing some features as mitochondrial mutations, heteroplasmy levels, and mtDNA copy number variations. The evaluation of those parameters joined with nDNA information can improve the understanding of the mitochondrial role in cancer.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Implications of Double-Layer Emersion

The intimate relationship between double layer emersion and parameters fundamental to electrochemical interfaces is shown. The surface dipole layer (χS) of 80% sat. KCl electrolyte is measured as the difference in outer potentials of an emersed oxide-coated Au electrode and the electrolyte. The value of +0.050 V compares favorably with previous determinations of χS. Emersion of Au is discussed in terms of UHV work function measurements and the relationship between emersed electrodes and absolute half-cell potentials. Results show that either the accepted work function value of Hg in N2 is off by 0.4 eV, or the dipole contribution to the double layer (perhaps the "jellium" surface dipole layer of noble metal electrodes) changes by 0.4 V between solution and UHV.

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Subfield: Electrochemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Toward Multiplexed Nucleic Acid Assays and Biosensors Using Immobilized Quantum Dots as Donors in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)

Research toward a multiplexed nucleic acid biosensor that uses quantum dots (QDs) as donors in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay is described. Optical fibers were modified with mixed films composed of different colours of QDs and different oligonucleotide probes that served as scaffolds for the hybridization of the corresponding target nucleic acid sequences. Fluorescent dyes that were suitable as acceptors for each QD donor were associated with hybridization and provided an analytical signal through FRET-sensitized emission. Different detection channels were achieved through the combination of different donors and acceptors: green emitting QDs with Cyanine 3 or Rhodamine Red-X; and red emitting QDs with Alexa Fluor 647. A detection channel that used the direct excitation of Pacific Blue complemented the FRET pairs. One-plex, two-plex, three-plex and four-plex hybridization assays were demonstrated. A sandwich assay format was adopted to avoid target labeling. Detection limits were 1-10 nM (1-12 pmol) and analysis times were 1-4 h. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were discriminated in multiplexed assays, and the potential for reusability was also demonstrated. Non-selective interactions between QDs and oligonucleotides were characterized, and routes toward the optimization of the QD-FRET hybridization assays were identified. A basic model for multiple FRET pathways in a mixed film was also developed. In addition to the advantages of solid-phase assays, the combination of QDs and FRET was advantageous because it permitted multiplexed detection using a single excitation source and a single substrate, in the ensemble, and via ratiometric signals. Spatial registration or sorting methods, imaging or spatial scanning, and single molecule spectroscopy were not required. The research in this thesis is expected to enable new chip-based biosensors in the future, and is an original contribution to both bioanalytical spectroscopy and the bioanalytical applications of nanomaterials.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Promoting High-Order Thinking in Online Discussions

Asynchronous online discussions potentially maximise the learning opportunities in tertiary education. In this chapter the design, implementation and evaluation of online discussions for developing high-order thinking skills with large groups enrolled in a preservice teacher education program are discussed. The development and evaluation of a tool indicates it is possible to examine the intellectual quality of online discussions and considering these written responses in terms of awareness, regulation and evaluation provides the facilitator with useful insights about students’ thinking. A framework for auditing the activities facilitating the online discussions for potential learning opportunities is also recommended. Findings indicate that preservice teachers do engage in productive professional discourse which transform their learning when appropriate activities are used.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Management of Retinitis Pigmentosa via Platelet Rich Plasma or Combination with Electromagnetic Stimulation: Retrospective Analysis of One-year Results

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether the natural progression rate of retinitis pigmentosa can be decreased with subtenon autologous platelet rich plasma application alone or combination with retinal electromagnetic stimulation. Material and methods The study includes retrospective analysis of 60 retinitis pigmentosa patients. Patients constitute 3 groups with similar demographic characteristics. The combined management group consists of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) who received combined retinal electromagnetic stimulation and subtenon platelet rich plasma as Group1; The subtenon platelet rich plasma-only group consisted of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) as Group2; The natural course (control) group consists of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) who did not receive any treatment were classified as Group3. Horizontal and vertical ellipsoid zone width, fundus perimetry deviation index and best corrected visual acuity changes were compared within and between groups after one year follow up period. Results Horizontal ellipsoid zone percentage changes were detected +1 % in Group1, -2.85% in Group2, -9.36% in Group3 (Δp 1&gt;2&gt;3). Vertical ellipsoid zone percentage changes were detected +0.34 % in Group1, -3.05% in Group2, -9.09% in Group3 (Δp 1&gt;2&gt;3). Fundus perimetry deviation index percentage changes were detected +0.05% in Group1, -2.68% in Group2 and -8.78% in Group3 (Δp 1&gt;2&gt;3). Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma is a good source of growth factors, but its half-life is 4-6 months. Subtenon autologous platelet rich plasma might more effectively slow down photoreceptor loss when repeated as booster injections and combined with retinal electromagnetic stimulation.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Satellite association patterns in postpartum women and in newborn infants].

Different features of the satellite associations between the acrocentric chromosomes of 100 postpartum mothers, between 14 and 43 years of age, and 100 neonates (51 males and 49 females) from Puriscal, Costa Rica, were compared (400 cells were examined, 2 from each individual). Several types of satellite associations showed higher frequencies in the mothers than in the neonates. The associations most frequently found in the two groups were those of two chromosomes, followed by those of three chromosomes. The D/G ratio was 1.43 in the children and 1.40 in the mothers. The number of associations per cell in the mothers was almost twice that of the children. The mean number of acrocentric chromosomes per association was 2.2 in the children and 2.35 in the mothers. No significant difference was found between observed and expected values of D and G chromosomes in the two groups. Thus, the probable factors responsible for the increase of satellite associations in the mothers similarly influenced the two types of acrocentric chromosomes.

Topic: Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effectiveness of Instant Messaging‐Based Interventions on Health Behavior Change: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACT Background Instant messaging‐based applications are increasingly used to deliver interventions designed to promote health behavior change. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been evaluated. Aims This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of instant messaging‐based interventions on health behavior change, addressing a gap in the literature regarding the impact of instant messaging on various health behaviors. Methods We conducted comprehensive searches of six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science) from their inception until July 2024, utilizing terms related to health behavior and instant messaging. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data. Randomized controlled trials published in English that investigated the effects of instant messaging‐based interventions on health behavior change, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, diet/nutrition, cancer screening, smoking cessation, and alcohol consumption were included. We used the revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool to assess the quality of the studies. Results Fifty‐seven randomized controlled trials published between 2014 and 2024 were included. The results showed that compared with the control groups, instant messaging‐based interventions had statistically significant differences in physical activity (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.21, 0.83], p &lt; 0.001) and sleep (SMD = −0.93, 95% CI [−1.44, −0.42], p &lt; 0.001). It also significantly impacted smoking cessation (OR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.28, 2.7], p &lt; 0.001). However, it did not influence sedentary behavior (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [−0.24, 0.74], p = 0.01) or diet/nutrition (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.31, 0.34], p &lt; 0.001). Linking Evidence to Action Instant messaging‐based interventions are promising in enhancing health behavior change, including physical activity, sleep, and smoking cessation. Leveraging real‐time communication and multimedia content can improve patient engagement and intervention effectiveness.

Topic: Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Comparative antioxidant and antihypoxic activities of new 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine derivative--compound PDMpT.HCl and mexidol].

Compound PDMpT.HCI reduces intensity of lipoperoxidation, activates antioxidant system and increases animal life expectancy under hypoxic circumstance.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chlorinated Auxins—How Does Arabidopsis Thaliana Deal with Them?

Plant hormones have various functions in plants and play crucial roles in all developmental and differentiation stages. Auxins constitute one of the most important groups with the major representative indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A halogenated derivate of IAA, 4-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), has previously been identified in Pisum sativum and other legumes. While the enzymes responsible for the halogenation of compounds in bacteria and fungi are well studied, the metabolic pathways leading to the production of 4-Cl-IAA in plants, especially the halogenating reaction, are still unknown. Therefore, bacterial flavin-dependent tryptophan-halogenase genes were transformed into the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The type of chlorinated indole derivatives that could be expected was determined by incubating wild type A. thaliana with different Cl-tryptophan derivatives. We showed that, in addition to chlorinated IAA, chlorinated IAA conjugates were synthesized. Concomitantly, we found that an auxin conjugate synthetase (GH3.3 protein) from A. thaliana was able to convert chlorinated IAAs to amino acid conjugates in vitro. In addition, we showed that the production of halogenated tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) and IAA is possible in transgenic A. thaliana in planta with the help of the bacterial halogenating enzymes. Furthermore, it was investigated if there is an effect (i) of exogenously applied Cl-IAA and Cl-Trp and (ii) of endogenously chlorinated substances on the growth phenotype of the plants.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Four Antibiotics against <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> : a Comparison of Results for the Three Genospecies <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> , <i>Borrelia garinii</i> , and <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Sensu Stricto

ABSTRACT MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were evaluated for the four antibiotics azithromycin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline against the three main genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In MBC testing, statistically significant differences between the genospecies could be found in 7 out of 12 comparative evaluations ( P &lt; 0.05).

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 960308: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A note on designing a comprehensive scanning electron microscopy test structure (for VLSI)

The authors have developed a family of computer generated test structures for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sectioning. These test structures were designed to provide maximum topography and design rule process data with minimum sample preparation. The test structures were designed to be large enough to allow cleaving through the structures. The individual layout geometries were repeated in a staggered fashion across the structure to maximize the probability that a cleave will not require multiple passes of polishing to locate the position of interest. All the SEM structures were placed together so that a single sample makes all included physical parameters observable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring the factor on sensory motor function of upper limb associated with executive function in communitydwelling older adults.

Exercise, such as cardiovascular fitness training, has been shown to have utility in improving executive function but is difficult for older adults with low mobility to perform. Accordingly, there is interest in the development of regimens other than high mobility exercises for older adults with low mobility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between sensory motor function of the upper limb and executive function in community-dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 57 right-handed, independent, community-dwelling older adults. Sensory motor function of upper limb, including range of motion, strength, sensation, finger dexterity, and comprehensive hand function was measured in both hands. Executive function was assessed using the Delta Trail Making Test. Multiple regression analysis indicated the finger dexterity of the non-dominant hand as independently associated with executive function (β = -0.414, P < 0.001). The findings of the present study may facilitate the development of exercise regimens for improving executive function that are more suitable for older adults with limited physical fitness levels. As this was a cross-sectional study, further studies are required to validate the efficacy of non-dominant finger dexterity training for improving executive function in older adults.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low-Complexity Downlink Channel Estimation in mmWave Multiple-Input Single-Output Systems

This paper tackles the problem of channel estimation in mmWave multiple-input single-output systems, where users are equipped with single-antenna receivers. By leveraging broadcast transmissions in the downlink channel, two novel low-complexity estimation approaches are devised, able to operate even in presence of a reduced number of transmit antennas or limited bandwidth. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms provide accurate estimates of the channel parameters, achieving at the same time about 50% complexity reduction compared to existing approaches.

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The potential benefit of trastuzumab-based therapy upon lapatinib progression in heavily preatreated patients with advanced HER2 positive breast cancer.

e11576 Background: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) occurring in about 20% of breast cancers is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence and worse prognosis. Despite the advent of therapies that target HER2, particularly, trastuzumab and lapatinib, that have altered the natural course of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, tumor progression remains inevitable. New agents are in clinical development, but up to date there are limited data to direct the treatment of patients after lapatinib progression. Methods: We retrospectively searched for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients treated at our clinic, who received both trastuzumab-based therapy and lapatinib upon trastuzumab-progression in the metastatic setting. Thirty patients, all female, suffering from HER2-positive advanced breast cancer were identified. HER-2 positivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC 3+) or chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH+). Results: Of the 30 patients, 83.3% had invasive ductal carcinoma; 60% had positive hormone receptor status, and 80% grade 3 tumours. Half of the patients received adjuvant trastuzumab. Median age was 57 years, range 37-79 years. 36.6% were switched to lapatinib after a median of three (range 2-6 lines) trastuzumab-based treatment lines. In 8 pts (37.5%) trastuzumab was re-started after lapatinib progression. In 7 of these patients, trastuzumab was combined with chemotherapy. Median progression free survival and overall survival in these patients was 4.75 and 8.87 months respectively. 3 patients received bevacizumab-based therapy upon lapatinib failure. Conclusions: Trastuzumab rechallenge after lapatinib progression may be active in a subgroup of heavily pre-treated patients. Clinical benefit of this strategy has to be balanced especially in limited resource settings with unavailability of novel agents or early phase clinical trials. As of now, there is no uniform accepted standard to define the optimal treatment approach of patients upon lapatinib progression showing the real need for new therapies in this population.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences