jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clair, René (1898–1981)

Filmmaker, novelist, and critic René Clair (original name René-Lucien Chomette) was one of the foremost French film directors of the 1920s and 1930s. His first film, Paris qui dort [The Crazy Ray] (1923) combined Surrealism and science fiction and generated images of a Paris frozen in time. His second, Entr’acte (1924), created to be shown between the acts of Francis Picabia’s dadaist ballet Relache, became the epitome of dadaist film with its innovative comedy and random images. His lyrical Eiffel Tower documentary, La Tour [The Tower] (1928), presents an impressionistic montage of the structure’s details. Clair’s silent features, such as Un Chapeau de paille d’Italie [An Italian Straw Hat] (1927), achieved international renown, and he dominated the early sound period with Sous les toits de Paris [Under the Roofs of Paris] (1930) and A nous la liberté (1931). The latter’s sophisticated use of diegetic and non-diegetic sound demonstrated a profound mastery of the new technology. Its Surrealism-tinged take on capitalism arguably influenced sections of Chaplin’s Modern Times (1936). A recurring Clair theme concerns his protagonist achieving wealth and then losing it but nonetheless (re)gaining happiness. Clair’s career continued with comedies and fantasies in England and America and a postwar return to France, but his critical standing never regained its 1930s’ heights, partly due to the biases of Nouvelle vague [French New Wave] critics.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea patients from Romania before the COVID‑19 pandemic

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is one of the major pathologies of modern life, with multiple etiologies intertwining: the increase in life expectancy, facial and dental changes, metabolic syndrome, and others. The current diagnosis is based on sleep studies, flexible endoscopy, imaging studies and a complete differential diagnosis from other possible pathologies. We present a retrospective study of 80 cases with OSA managed in 2019 prior to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed various demographic, anthropometric and metabolic data recorded in our study group. Some of the results, such as high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, were consistent with worldwide literature. However, regarding the anthropometric data, we underline a general decrease in height in the Romanian population. In addition, demographic data have changed in the last decade due to the work immigration in the European Union. This data will be used in a future analysis for comparison with variables recorded from cases with OSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current cases with OSA are not a priority for healthcare systems, and patients avoid referral to a specialist as much as possible.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
La excepción de contrato no cumplido, un análisis de su aplicación en la jurisprudencia nacional reciente y en la doctrina

This paper centers on a critical analysis of three aspects related to the origin and application of exceptio non adimpleti contractus: first, the enforceability of bilateral obligations and, within it, the pos-sibility of opposing, with general reach, exceptions of non-performance in cases of foreseeable breaches; next, breaches that give origin to the exceptio, which necessarily imply taking sides regarding the need for estab-lishing the severity of the breach, so that legal actions may succeed; and, finally, the proof for exceptions of non-performance. Furthermore, and as a tangent to the above, the paper will discuss some effect-related aspects. To accomplish this, the discussion will mainly focus on national jurispru-dence in order to establish criteria and/or propose an adequate interpretation based on problems that have arisen. In addition, the paper will face the foundations and nature of this institution and will complementarily approach national and compared doctrine.

Topic: Comparative International Legal Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Smoking, Low Job Control and Myocardial Infarction Risk in the Occupational Categories of Kaunas Men

Institute of Cardiology of Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania Introduction. It is a well known fact that smoking is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in the general male population, though the effect of smoking among different occupational categories and a possible correlation with low job control have not yet been determined. The objective of our study was to investigate relations between occupational position, myocardial infarction and possible risk factors, with an emphasis on the effect of smoking and low job control among Kaunas men aged 25–64 years. Subjects and methods. We performed an epidemiological case-control study in 2001–2002. The cases (n = 203) were first non-fatal myocardial infarction (ICD-I21), controls (n = 287) were without signs of ischemic heart disease, randomly selected from the study base. We used a standardized questionnaire for both groups, which included the information on psychosocial, biological and physiological risk factors. We used a short Swedish version of the Karasek’s demand-control questionnaire and the International Standard Classification of Occupations. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used in the statistical analysis. Results. Legislators, senior officials and managers (1st occupational category) and machine operators and assemblers (8th occupational category) were found at increased myocardial infarction risk. Smoking increased the risk of myocardial infarction 3-fold in all occupational categories. Low job control in part mediated the effect of smoking in occupational categories. Conclusions. The preventive programs directed towards increasing job control at the workplace and smoking cessation would benefit in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction in the working population.

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Plasma Concentrations of Clonazepam Therapy in Epileptic Children.

We discuss the correlation between plasma concentration and clinical dose of Clonazepam (CZP) combined with other anticonvulsants in epileptic children. The plasma concentrations were measured in 610 samples from 141 children (73 males and 68 females) by HPLC method. We found that the clinical doses of CZP in our hospital were lower than those directed in “Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics” and in “United States Pharmacopoeia Dispensing Information”, and that therefore the plasma concentrations were distributed at the low range correspondingly with doses. A correlation between plasma concentration and clinical doses of CZP was observed and the relationship depended on sex and age of the patients. The plasma concentration of CZP in the older group (over 11 years old) was higher than that in the younger group (from 0 to 10 years old) and that in the male group was higher than that in the female group.We surveyed the relationship between the plasma concentration and dose of CZP in two patients over the longterm. The results indicated the necessity for frequent therapeutic drug monitoring of CZP over the longterm at the changes of dose and patient weight.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Monitoring and forecasting of Dendrolimus punctatus by sex pheromone lure

The test on trapping adult Dendrolimus punctatus by synthetic sex pheromone lure and monitoring of larval population density in forest was conducted.The result showed that,with low population density of larva(below 100 per plant) and low trapping number of adult(below 65),the trapping number of adult had significantly correlation with the population density of larva,which could be simulated by power function equation 1n(T)=2.278×1n(p)-2.521.With high population density of larva and high trapping number of adult,the trapping number of adult had no obvious correlation with the population density of larva.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new seed beetle associated with Indigofera zollingeriana in Vietnam, with a note on the Bruchidius japonicus (Harold) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

Bruchidius zollingerianae, a species that develops in the larval stage in Indigofera zollingeriana pods is described from Vietnam. Its relationships with other species known to feed in Indigofereae are discussed. The species group Bruchidius japonicus is described and discussed.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Chain Scission-Induced Anisotropic Damage Constitutive Model for Double Network Hydrogels

This work develops a chain scission-induced anisotropic damage constitutive model for double network (DN) hydrogels while considering the damage cross effect. A free energy of a single polymer chain comprising the configuration entropy of the polymer chain and the internal energy of persistent segments is proposed to avoid the force singularity caused by chain stretch limit. Then, a distribution function of the initial stretch ratio of polymer chains in DN hydrogels is derived to consider the randomness of chain length. Based on the micro-sphere full-network model and an energy-form fracture criterion of polymer chains, the damage evolution model of polymer chains in a certain orientation is formulated by the critical initial stretch ratio of the polymer chain, showing that only polymer chains with the initial stretch ratio lower than the critical initial stretch ratio survive in a certain chain stretch. The critical initial stretch ratio is determined by the maximum chain stretch and the maximum first invariant of the deformation state by considering the damage cross effect. Using the developed damage constitutive model, we describe the stress softening, strain hardening behavior and the nonmonotonic stress–strain curve of DN hydrogels. It also reveals that the residual strain of DN hydrogels in the loading cycles is caused by the anisotropic damage of polymer chains in DN hydrogels.

Topic: Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Energy balance in sustainable food supply chain processes

The agro-food production and distribution processes are identified as the main source and human-induced greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions that significantly affect the environmental ecosystems and contribute to global warming and climate change. Furthermore, with the expected raise of the world population by 2050, the global food demand will double, requiring the intensification of more environmentally sustainable practices and choices in agro-food supply chains. &#13;\nNotwithstanding the literature widely debates on the environmental impacts of agro-food ecosystems and processes (e.g., global warming, eutrophication, deforestation, energy consumption), there is still room for tools and decision-support methodologies to help practitioners and policy-makers in merging economic and environmental goals.&#13;\nConsidering the energy balance as an important metric of sustainable food supply chains (FSC), this paper proposes a tool for the energy-effective management of time-based food processes and flows from-farm-to-fork. The tool accounts energy costs to the food production, storage and distribution activities and implements a mixed integer programming model (MILP) to minimize the overall energy contributions across the food supply chain. Food miles, logistics infrastructures, and level of technology are enquired to find out the main stressor of an energy-effective food supply chain. A numerical example inspired by the fresh fruit and vegetables supply chains is proposed. The analysed scenario is inspired by the some of the main perishable food corridors across the MED area.&#13;\nThe tool underpins the selection of the most energy-efficient food products and processes, and finally shifts the focus from the energy balance to the role of the exergy balance in sustainable FSC.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunoeffects and clinical significance of Gln and rhGH on obstructive jaundice

【Objectives】To observe the clinical significance and changes of cytoimmunity,humoral immunity and immune regulatory factors after the administration of Gln and rhGH on patients of obstructive jaundice(OJ).【Methods】A prospective,randomized and controlled clinical study was performed,48 cases in OJ were randomly divided into control group(A group,n=16),Gln group(B group,n=16) and Gln+rhGH group(C group,n=16).Gln was added in B group,Gln and rhGH were added in C group.To detect a dynamic investigation of cytoimmunity indices(CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+),humoral immunity indices(IgM,IgA and IgG) and serum immune regulatory factors(IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-a) and survey the changes of mortality rate and complicating rate in patients of three groups before therapy and at 2,8 days after operation.【Results】Humoral immunity indices(IgM,IgA and IgG) in C group were obviously improved than A and B groups at 8 days after treatment(P 0.05),serum immune regulatory factors(IL-6 and TNF-a) were significantly decreases in C group(P 0.05),IL-2 was obviously improved in C group(P 0.05),indexes of cytoimmunity indices(CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) in C group were obviously improved than A and B(P 0.05),and changes of mortality rate and complicating rate in C group was obviously lower than A and B(P 0.05).【Conclusion】RhGH maybe has directly immune regulation mechanism of immune system of OJ patients and a synergistic effect with the combination of the Gln,the immunoeffects of OJ was obviously improved after treatment and it can enhance prognosis.

Topic: Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Mahasiswa Baru Berbasis Mobile pada Universitas Islam As- Syafiiyah

At the time of admission of new students, the new student admissions committee experienced difficulties with incoming files and data. Prospective applicants also experience time, energy and financial difficulties during the registration process. Errors in the process of entering and processing data by administrators are also unavoidable because there is no application that can handle all processes into one system. Therefore, the presence of computer technology in the development of mobile-based information systems. greatly simplify and speed up registration for prospective students and data processing handled by the new student admissions committee at the As-Syafiiyah Islamic University. processing of registrant data and computerized data stored in the information system. registration of prospective students becomes easier and faster and can be accessed anywhere and anytime and makes it easier for the new student admissions committee to obtain complete data regarding the data of prospective new students who register. The output of this research is expected to make it easier for prospective new students to register for college entrance at the As-Syafi'iah Islamic University

Topic: Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF DIFFUSE INTERSITITAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS

典型的な自己免疫疾患である橋本甲状腺炎とびまん性間質性肺線維症の合併例について報告した.症例は68才の女性で, 20才頃よりびまん性甲状腺腫があり,死亡の約8年前より,咳嗽,呼吸困難などの呼吸器症状を呈し,胸部X線像上,びまん性の線状・網状影が認められ,副腎皮質ホルモンの投与で自覚症状は一亘軽快したが,肺の異常陰影は次第に増悪し,死亡した.剖検にて,両肺はいわゆるびまん性肺線維症の所見を呈し,急性間質性肺炎から定型的な蜂巣肺に至る新旧種々の病変が混在しており,甲状腺では実質の破壊が高度で,線維増殖の強い橋本甲状腺炎の所見を認めた.びまん性肺線維症は,原因の明らかなもの,全身系統疾患の表れと考えられるもの,原因不明のものの三つに大別されている.原因不明のものの成因については,従来から,感染説,リウマチ説,自己免疫説などが挙げられているが,最近,本症に高ガンマグロブリン血症を伴う例が多く,種々の自己抗体が証明されることや,いわゆる自己免疫疾患を合併する例があることなどから,本症の発生における免疫異常の重要性が強調されている.われわれの例では,代表的な自己免疫疾患である橋本病が合併していたこと,リウマチ因子やLE因子が出現したことなどは,本例の肺病変の発生進展に免疫異常が関与していることを示唆するものであり,びまん性肺線維症の成因を考える上で,極めて興味深い症例と思われる.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Eleven remarkable Diptera species, emerged from fallen aspens in Kivach Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia

In 2016, saproxylic Diptera associated with aspen ( Populus tremula L.) logs were studied in the Kivach Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia, using trunk emergence traps. Eleven rare species of Diptera (families Limoniidae, Scatopsidae, Axymyiidae, Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae, Platypezidae, Syrphidae and Clusiidae) with poorly known distribution and ecology were recorded. For each species, basic diagnostic characteristics were provided along with the information on microhabitats. An attempt was also undertaken to outline possible associations with wood-decaying macrofungi using nonparametric correlation.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sedentary lifestyle and obesity in adults

Excessive time spent on sedentary behavior (SB) can increase the risks of obesity, regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). Subjective and objective measures are both available to assess SB but little is known about the relative utility of these measures for epidemiological research. The purposes of this dissertation were to 1) evaluate the accuracy of 24-hour Physical Activity Recall (24PAR) relative to SenseWear Armband (SWA) for assessing SB, 2) characterize the context of SB by demographic indicators, and 3) determine the independent/joint associations of SB and PA with obesity by the 24PAR versus SWA. The first study demonstrated that the 24PAR had small errors for estimating total sedentary time, but larger errors for other definitions of SB (i.e. non-sleep, and non-sleep nonlying sedentary time). Moreover, extremely or minimally sedentary individuals had larger errors than moderately sedentary individuals. Older and/or heavier individuals tended to underestimate sedentary time more than younger and/or lighter individuals. The second study provided unique insights about the context of SB. Individuals with varying levels of socio-demographic variables exhibited differential patterns of ‘where’ and ‘why’ they spent time being sedentary. The third study found detrimental effects of excessive SB and beneficial effects of sufficient PA on obesity based on the objective estimates from the SWA. Analyses based on the subjective estimates from the 24PAR revealed significant associations with the PA outcome but these associations were weaker than the associations with the SWA. These results demonstrate that the objectivity and validity of the measures influences the ability to examine health outcomes. This dissertation advances understanding about the underlying nature of sedentary lifestyles and its relation to obesity at the population level. The study utilized two promising measurement tools to obtain both objective and subjective measures of SB. The objective tool

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Torymus fuscicornis

Torymus fuscicornis (Walker, 1833) Callimome fuscicornis Walker, 1833: 138. Callimome posticus Walker, 1833: 137; Eady, 1959: 261 (as junior synonym of Lioterphus fuscicornis (Walker)). Lioterphus mölleri Thomson, 1876: 99; Eady, 1959: 261 (as junior synonym of Lioterphus fuscicornis (Walker)). Lioterphus fuscicornis (Walker): Eady, 1959: 261. Torymus fuscicornis (Walker): Grissell, 1995: 281. Specimens examined. 5 ♀, collected by Z. Bouček on 16 May 1976 from Burnham Beeches, Bucks, England (BMNH); 2 ♂, emerged on 12 March 1957 from seeds of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica collected by K. Kamijo from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan (HUM); 1 ♀, collected by K. Kamijo on 13 June 1978 from Bibai, Hok- kaido, Japan (HUM); 3 ♀ and 1 ♂, collected by K. Kamijo on 1 June 1980 from Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan (HUM). Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido); Palearctic. This is a new distributional record of T. fuscicornis from Japan. Host information. Torymus fuscicornis parasitizes unknown host in seeds of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara (Betulaceae) in Japan. According to Graham and Gijswijt (1998), this species is associated with Semudobia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), gall inducers of Betula (Betulaceae) in Europe.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effect of Cationic Polyamidoamine Dendrimers on Physicochemical Characteristics of Hydrogels with Erythromycin

Polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) represent a new class of hyperbranched, monodisperse, three-dimensional polymers with unique properties, which make them very promising carriers of antimicrobial agents. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers generation two (G2) or three (G3) on physicochemical characteristics and structure of hydrogels with a model antibacterial lipophilic drug—erythromycin—commonly used in topical applications. From the obtained rheograms, it can be concluded that tested hydrogels were non-Newtonian thixotropic systems with shear-thinning behaviour. The dissolution tests revealed that erythromycin was definitely faster released from formulations containing PAMAM-NH2 in concentration and generation dependent manner. However, the addition of PAMAM-NH2 to hydrogels evoked only slight improvement of their antibacterial activity. It was also shown that the structure of hydrogels changed in the presence of PAMAM-NH2 becoming less compact, diversified and more porous. Designed hydrogels with PAMAM-NH2 G2 or G3 were stable stored up to three months at 40 ± 2 °C and 75% ± 5% RH.

Topic: Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Knowledge and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Amongst Doctors and Nurses in Benin City, Nigeria

In this study, the knowledge and practice of the 2000 CPR guidelines of doctors and nurses in Benin City, Nigeria was evaluated. This cross sectional study was conducted in six health facilities in Benin City. A structured self administered questionnaire was used to test the knowledge and practice of CPR of 145 doctors and nurses in the selected facilities. Of the 145 respondents who filled the questionnaires, 88(60.7%) were doctors and 57(39.3%) were nurses. There was poor knowledge of CPR amongst the respondents. It was significantly poorer amongst nurses than doctors and better amongst younger respondents. Only 73(50.3%) of the respondents would perform mouth to mouth resuscitation while 17(11.7%) respondents were aware of the 2005 guidelines. The observed poor knowledge of CPR and low awareness of the new 2005 CPR guidelines amongst respondents in this study buttresses the need for regular CPR training of health professionals in Nigeria.Keywords: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, doctors, nurses, knowledge, practice

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences