jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding and fostering intelligent tourist behaviour

The paper offers a conceptual discussion of intelligent tourists by firstly addressing the complex concept of intelligence. The work then examines the meaning of intelligence in a tourism context and suggests the value of key strategies to shape intelligent tourist desires which are congruent with local needs. Three pathways for the application of the concept of intelligent tourists are developed. The first approach is to use the broad idea of intelligent tourists as a guide for those who manage tourist behaviour and tourist settings. Additionally, assessing intelligent tourist behaviour across a destination region is considered. Finally, the benefits of developing an intelligent tourist scale are outlined. The concept “intelligent tourist” needs to be viewed as a desirable possibility not a topic for derision or humour.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Handheld ultrasound; point-of-care examinations by intensive care nurses in a cardiac intensive care unit. An interrater agreement study

Abstract Background Adding point-of-care ultrasound to the physical examination of patients to assess early signs of decompensation and fluid overload has been proven to add information and improve quality of care, also when performed by nurses. Few studies have examined intensive care nurses’ point-of-care ultrasound examinations in acute cardiac settings. Purpose To evaluate if the findings of intensive care nurses ultrasound examinations, after brief training, were in agreement with conventional ultrasound examination performed by physicians. Methods This comparative cross sectional interrater agreement study included 50 patients admitted with signs and symptoms of dyspnoea and suspected cardiac disease to a cardiac intensive care unit. After brief training, the study nurses performed standardized examinations of the patients’ inferior vena cava (IVC) and the pleural- and pericardial cavities using a handheld ultrasound device. A physician repeated the same examinations using conventional ultrasound, blinded of the nurses’ findings. Results Analysis using Gwets agreement coefficient (AC2) with quadratic weights showed moderate agreement for the IVC respiration variation 0.60 (95% CI 0.38-0.82), and substantial agreement for the IVC diameter 0.70 (95% CI 0.50- 0.90) and right-sided pleural effusion 0.70 (95% CI 0.52-0.88). For left-sided pleural effusion 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) and for pericardial effusion 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.01) the agreement was almost perfect. Conclusion This study indicates that intensive care nurses, after brief training in point-of- care ultrasound, can perform reliable examinations of the IVC and pleural- and pericardial cavities compared to a physicians conventional ultrasound examination.

Topic: Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surface potential in rat liver mitochondria: terbium ion as a phosphorescent probe for surface potential

The binding and phosphorescence of Tb3+ in rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles were investigated. Mitochondria were treated briefly with N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) to prevent phosphate leak and Tb3+ chelation. Up to 30 nmol of Tb3+/mg of protein binds to mitochondrial membranes with high apparent affinity (Kd congruent to 6 microM). Generation of a membrane potential had no significant effect on the apparent affinity or capacity of Tb3+ binding in NEM-treated mitochondria. Mitochondrial bound Tb3+ phosphorescence can be induced selectively by excitation of aromatic amino acid residues. The decay of mitochondrial bound Tb3+ phosphorescence is biphasic. The phosphorescence of the slow phase (t1/2 = 0.45-0.70 ms) is quenched by monovalent salts, indicating a negative surface potential at low salt medium of -5.4 +/- 2.8 mV [10 mM 3-(N-morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid, pH 7.2, 5 microM Tb3+]. In submitochondrial particles, a surface potential of -6.5 +/- 2.7 mV was estimated under the same conditions. Energization did not affect the surface potential significantly in submitochondrial particles and only slightly in mitochondria. Analysis of the phosphorescence of mitochondrial bound Tb3+ reveals two binding sites with high (Kd = 1.5 microM) and low affinity (Kd = 29 microM). The high-affinity site is tentatively identified as the Ca2+ carrier. A fraction of the carrier-bound Tb3+ phosphorescence decays rapidly, presumably as a result of energy transfer to cytochromes in the membrane core. These intramembrane sites appear to move to the surface on the generation of a membrane potential. We conclude that the salt effect on the phosphorescence of the slow phase may serve as a reliable measure of delocalized surface potential in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Tb3+ binding to the high-affinity site may be useful as a probe for the mitochondrial Ca2+ translocator.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type-I: a rare cause of hyperkalemia in neonates.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA-I) is a rare disorder with only a few cases reported worldwide. It appears early in life with salt-wasting, failure to thrive, dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. There is a resistance to aldosterone by the mineralocorticoid receptors. We describe one such case of a 14-day-old female neonate who presented with frequent episodes of dehydration, hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia. On further workup, she proved to be a case of PHA-I. The aim of this report is to discuss the evaluation and to highlight the difficulties associated with the management of this rare disorder.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Contribution of transesophageal and transthoracic echography in the evaluation of the mechanism and quantification of regurgitation in mitral and aortic bioprosthetic valves].

The respective values of transoesophageal (TOE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the evaluation of the mechanism and the quantification of pathological regurgitation of bioprosthetic heart valves were analysed in 23 patients (14 mitral, 9 aortic; duration of implantation 108 +/- 43.2 months). Surgical or pathological correlations were available in all cases and catheter data in 18 of the 23 patients. With regards to mitral bioprostheses, the TOE evaluations of the mechanism and site of regurgitation corresponded in all cases with the operative or pathological findings and quantification of mitral regurgitation concorded with angiography. There was an underestimation of the severity of mitral regurgitation in 30% of cases by TTE compared with angiography; prolapse was diagnosed in 7 of the 10 cases with cusp tears. It was not possible to accurately determine the intra or perivalvular site of regurgitation by TEE. With regards to aortic bioprostheses, TOE and TTE were equally useful in determining the mechanism of regurgitation, showing cusp prolapse in 6 of the 9 cases with cusp tears. However, TTE quantified regurgitation accurately in all cases with respect to angiography, whereas TOE was only contributive in 50% of cases. These results show that single plane TOE is superior to TTE in the quantification and determination of the mechanism of regurgitation in mitral bioprostheses, but that TTE remains better for the quantification of regurgitation of aortic bioprostheses.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating Design Alternatives Using Conjoint Experiments in Virtual Reality

In this paper the authors describe the design of an experiment based on conjoint measurement that explores the possibility of using the Internet to evaluate design alternatives. These design alternatives are presented as panoramic views, and preferences are measured by asking subjects which alternative they prefer from a choice set of design alternatives. The approach is illustrated by using the design of office spaces as an example.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Nonvolatile Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor Memories with the a-Si:H Embedded Gate Dielectric Structure

An a-Si:H TFT memory with an a-Si:H layer embedded in the gate dielectric structure has been studied. Fabrication steps for this floating gate structure include a simple one-pump down PECVD and a two--photo mask lithography process. Hysteresis of the transfer characteristic demonstrates the memory function. A steady difference between the threshold voltage of the write and erase state demonstrates the programmability of the memory. A charge retention time of more than 3600 secs has been shown. This new structure could expand the application of conventional a-Si:H TFTs.

Topic: Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vibrations of a piano soundboard: Modal analysis and finite element analysis

Modal analysis measurements have been made on two concert grand piano soundboards and a finite element model to describe the vibrational characteristics of these soundboards has been developed in order to explore the possibility of using both of these techniques in the designing of new soundboards. To provide an experimental basis for the model, modal analysis measurements were made on two piano soundboards, each mounted in a rim. Then a finite element model of the soundboard was constructed. The resonant frequencies and mode shapes of the first few modes of the finite element model match very well with those found experimentally using modal analysis. The correspondence between the modal analysis and finite element analysis results is very good and these techniques will be of value in designing new piano soundboards. [Work supported in part by Baldwin Piano and Organ Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.]

Topic: Music Technology and Sound Studies
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
BCG Sepsis After Intravesical BCG Instillation: A Case Report

Intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an effective and frequently used treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Local side effects are frequent, whereas systemic side effects are rare, but more serious. In this paper, it was aimed to present a male patient who developed BCG sepsis after intravesical BCG instillation for bladder carcinoma.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Book Review: Cultural heritage information: Access and management, edited by Ian Ruthven and G. G. Chowdhury

Digitization of cultural heritage resources and the related discipline of Digital Humanities have been key discussion topics among librarians, archivists, and museum professionals for two decades or more, with issues as diverse as imaging ethics, costs, metadata interoperability, usability, and preservation driving the conversations. With a nod to the specific distinctions between digitized primary source materials and born-digital collections, Ian Ruthven and Gobinda Chowdhury provide background, theoretical context, and a measure of attention to future trends with regard to the creation, presentation, and management of digitized cultural heritage material.

Topic: Archaeological Research and Protection
Subfield: Space and Planetary Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Smooth Estimates for the Hazard Function

Summary Consideration is given to the piecewise smooth estimation of hazard functions given by Cox's (1972) proportional hazards model. The smoothest estimate available hitherto is a step-function which is not continuous. The method used is penalized maximum likelihood estimation introduced by Good and Gaskins (1971) and developed by Silverman (1978). This gives a quadratic spline with discontinuities in the slope at the times of death. The knot points are at times of death and censoring. The hazard function and corresponding survival curves are estimated for a group of 51 women with carcinoma of the vulva. The estimated survival curve is compared with those given by Breslow's (1972) and Kalbfleisch and Prentice's (1973) methods.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of Nuclearity-Dependent Properties of Small Clusters in the Nucleation Process and Thermal Hysteresis at the Phase Transition

A phenomenological approach is proposed that takes into account the nuclearity-dependent binding energy in a cluster to determine its influence on the earliest steps of the homogeneous nucleation process and to determine the limits of the metastability/supersaturation domain for the monomer-condensed phase transition. It appears that the temperature at which monomers and clusters Mn have equal Gibbs potentials increases with nuclearity n and that the transition temperatures from the monomer to the dimer and to the bulk, respectively, bracket this metastability domain.

Topic: nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Post-Cholecystectomy Gossypiboma Mimicking the Liver Hydatid Cyst

Gossypiboma is also called as retained foreign body or surgical sponge a rare and serious complication following the major surgical intervention. It is commonly occurred after major abdomino-pelvic surgery and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of large gossypiboma within the liver parenchyma in post-operative patient radiologically mimicking the hydatid cyst and its surgical findings.

Topic: Hemostasis and retained surgical items
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Moving target search in grid worlds

In this paper, we propose a real-time moving target search algorithm for dynamic and partially observable environments, modeled as grid world. The proposed algorithm, Real-time Moving Target Evaluation Search (MTES), is able to detect the closed directions around the agent, and determine the best direction that avoids the nearby obstacles, leading to a moving target which is assumed to be escaping almost optimally. We compared our proposal with Moving Target Search (MTS) and observed a significant improvement in the solution paths. Furthermore, we also tested our algorithm against A* in order to report quality of our solutions.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Building Cham Vietnamese electronic dictionary

The Cham people in Vietnam are closely related to other Austronesian people. They speak familiar with the language used as others Malay group but differ in their written language. Cham Script was founded on stone stele in 4th century and the Cham are still using this script system. To ensure preservation of Cham language, this study intends to develop Cham electronic dictionary application product in order to lookup Cham and Vietnamese. The framework of dictionary development includes three components; data, database and evaluation, learning environment design and application products. ADDIE model was employed in the whole development process. Questionnaire with a scale from 1to 5 is used to measure the evaluation of Cham electronic dictionary, six proposed features of the dictionary were fully agreed on by 70 respondents of Cham people, and seven experts (academic) to evaluate with result has achieved 94.29%. This product is suitable and useful for schools, institutions, and training organization in assisting teaching and learning Cham language. This is a Web based dictionary open to world wide access.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hordeum vulgare L. JP 46374

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.<br>Common name(s): Six-rowed barley<br>Other names: HASSAN<br>Conserved by: NARO Genebank (NARO), Japan<br>Local sample unique identifier: JP 46374<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1989-02-07<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Other<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Glass transition and melting behavior of poly(thio-1,4-phenylene)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlass transition and melting behavior of poly(thio-1,4-phenylene)Stephen Z. D. Cheng, Zong Quan Wu, and Bernhard WunderlichCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 11, 2802–2810Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a028Request reuse permissionsArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Attention Schema-based Attention Control (ASAC): A Cognitive-Inspired Approach for Attention Management in Transformers

Attention mechanisms have become integral in AI, significantly enhancing model performance and scalability by drawing inspiration from human cognition. Concurrently, the Attention Schema Theory (AST) in cognitive science posits that individuals manage their attention by creating a model of the attention itself, effectively allocating cognitive resources. Inspired by AST, we introduce ASAC (Attention Schema-based Attention Control), which integrates the attention schema concept into artificial neural networks. Our initial experiments focused on embedding the ASAC module within transformer architectures. This module employs a Vector-Quantized Variational AutoEncoder (VQVAE) as both an attention abstractor and controller, facilitating precise attention management. By explicitly modeling attention allocation, our approach aims to enhance system efficiency. We demonstrate ASAC's effectiveness in both the vision and NLP domains, highlighting its ability to improve classification accuracy and expedite the learning process. Our experiments with vision transformers across various datasets illustrate that the attention controller not only boosts classification accuracy but also accelerates learning. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the model's robustness and generalization capabilities across noisy and out-of-distribution datasets. In addition, we have showcased improved performance in multi-task settings. Quick experiments reveal that the attention schema-based module enhances resilience to adversarial attacks, optimizes attention to improve learning efficiency, and facilitates effective transfer learning and learning from fewer examples. These promising results establish a connection between cognitive science and machine learning, shedding light on the efficient utilization of attention mechanisms in AI systems.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis on Legislative Defects of Copyright Crimes

The provisions about copyright crimes in criminal law have many defects which have restricted the effective punishment to such crimes in the judicial practice.The legislative defects of copyright crimes,such as legislative values,legislative model,charges setting up and punitive conditions are analysed in this article and the further thinking aimed at the legislative improvement is provided.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Activity of Floccularia luteovirens Polysaccharides and Their Protective Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Intestinal Injury in Mice

Floccularia luteovirens polysaccharides (FLP1s) have potential biological activities. Our previous study showed that FLP1s positively regulated gut immunity and microbiota. However, it is still unclear whether FLP1s mediate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice. This research aims to explore the relationship between FLP1-mediated gut microbes and intestinal immunity in immunosuppressed mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The results demonstrated that FLP1s exhibited prebiotic and anti-immunosuppressive effects on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. FFLP1 treatment (microbiota transplantation from the fecal sample) remarkably elevated the production of sIgA and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the intestine of CTX-treated mice, inducing activation of the MAPK pathway. Moreover, FFLP1s mitigated oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and strengthened the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression level of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, MUC-2, and ZO-1). Furthermore, FFPL1s restored gut dysbiosis in CTX-treated immunosuppressed mice by increasing the abundance of Alloprevotella, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroides. They also modified the composition of fecal metabolites, leading to enhanced regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, the cGMP-PKG pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway, and ovarian steroidogenesis, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. These findings indicate that FLP1s could modulate the response of the intestinal immune system through regulation of the gut microbiota, thus promoting immune activation in CTX-treated immunosuppressed mice. FLP1s can serve as a natural protective agent against CTX-induced immune injury.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevalence of virological and serological markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of Ribeirão Preto, Southeast Brazil: an epidemiological survey

The findings of this study provide in-depth knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and are helpful for the preventive and decision-making policies of public managers.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences