jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating China's role in achieving the 1.5&amp;deg;C target of the Paris Agreement

Now that many large emitting countries have set goals for reaching zero emissions in this century at the COP26, it is important to clarify the role of each country in achieving the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement. Here, we evaluated China's role by calculating the global temperature impacts caused by different national emission pathways to zero emissions in the future. Our results showed that China's contribution to global warming in 2050 is 0.17°C on average, with a range of 0.1°C to 0.22°C. Specifically, the peak contributions of these pathways vary from 0.1°C to 0.23°C, with the years reached distributing between 2036 and 2065. The large difference in peak temperature arises from the differences in emission pathways of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). We further analyzed the effect of the different mix of CO2 and CH4 mitigation trajectories from China's pathways on the global mean temperature. We found that near-term CH4 mitigation reduces the peak temperature in the mid-century, whereas it plays a less important role in determining the end-of-thecentury contribution to reaching the global temperature warming goal of 1.5°C. The most effective way to shave the peak temperature would be early CH4 mitigation action, further contributing to reducing the temperature overshoot along the way toward the 1.5°C target.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sports Hypnosis in Practice: Scripts, Strategies and Case Examples

This book offers new strategies and scripts for hypnotherapists, sports counsellors and sports psychologists working with athletes to help them achieve their peak performance. A major focus of the book is that the therapist does not necessarily need to be familiar with the sport or activity to serve as a mental 'coach' to the athlete. The athlete is instructed that the goal is not to improve the mechanics of their performance (that is left up to their coaches) but, rather, to help them to relax, concentrate and focus so that they fulfill their maximum potential. They learn not to let the mental side of their game trip up the physical side, but rather to enhance it. There are also chapters on returning from injury and addictions, which are often important factors in athletes' careers. The book contains a number of case studies from a variety of sports where the author has worked successfully with athletes. In the case studies, the author notes how surprised he was to learn that many clients have a vivid memory of the techniques he taught them, indicating just how important these techniques were to them.

Topic: Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
"If we misunderstand the client, we misspend 100 hours": Exploring conversational AI and response types for information elicitation

Client-designer alignment is crucial to the success of design projects, yet little research has explored how digital technologies might influence this alignment. To address this gap, this paper presents a three-phase study investigating how digital systems can support requirements elicitation in professional design practice. Specifically, it examines how integrating a conversational agent and choice-based response formats into a digital elicitation tool affects early-stage client-designer collaboration. The first phase of the study inquired into the current practices of 10 design companies through semi-structured interviews, informing the system's design. The second phase evaluated the system using a 2x2 factorial design with 50 mock clients, quantifying the effects of conversational AI and response type on user experience and perceived preparedness. In phase three, the system was presented to seven of the original 10 companies to gather reflections on its value, limitations, and potential integration into practice. Findings show that both conversational AI and choice-based responses lead to lower dependability scores on the User Experience Questionnaire, yet result in client input with greater clarity. We contribute design implications for integrating conversational AI and choice-based responses into elicitation tools to support mutual understanding in early-stage client-designer collaboration.

Topic: AI in Service Interactions
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TO STUDY THE HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS OF CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENTS

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Plasma homocysteine concentration is one of the emerging modifiable risk factor for stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fasting homocysteine levels in different type of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhage). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was a case control study in which fifty patients with the diagnosis of stroke (intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage) were enrolled and fasting serum homocysteine were measured in all and its comparison was done with 25 healthy controls. RESULT: Out of total 50 patients of stroke 41(82%) had intracerebral infarct & 9(18%) had intracerebral hemorrhage. In stroke patients 32(64%) had raised serum homocysteine levels, which was significantly higher than that of control group 2 (8%) (p < 0.001). However there was no significant difference of homocysteine levels between intracerebral infarct 26(63%) and intracerebral hemorrhage 6(66%) (P=0.854). There were no significant relationships of raised serum homocysteine levels with hypertension, diabetes; LDL levels with the above mentioned stroke risk factors except for smoking (33.14±19.02). Two patients had died during hospital stay and one of them had raised serum homocysteine levels (P=0.64). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that hyperhomocysteinaemia seems to be a factor for stroke (both in intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage), in addition to conventional risk factors. No significant difference of serum homocysteine existed between intracerebral infarct and hemorrhage. It is concluded that fasting serum homocysteine levels should be assessed in all patients with first episode of stroke. INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a global health problem and is a leading cause of adult disability. 1 Of 35 million deaths attributable to chronic non communicable diseases that occurred worldwide in 2005, stroke was responsible for 5.7 million (16.6%) deaths, and 87% of these deaths occurred in low- income and middle-income countries.2

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-reported Patient Motivations for Seeking Cosmetic Procedures

This initial prospective, multicenter study comprehensively assessed why patients seek minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Common reasons included emotional, psychological, and practical motivations in addition to the desire to enhance physical appearance. Differences relative to patient age and procedures sought may need further exploration.

Topic: Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of serum metabolomics among biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls

Metabolites between healthy controls (CTRL)/type 2 diabetes mellitus without renal diseases (DM), and DM/diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Safe drinking water: to what extent are shallow wells reliable?

ABSTRACT Our study investigated the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis-parvum-meleagridis and Giardia duodenalis in shallow wells used for drinking water (DW) in a rural area. Also, bovine feces were collected from their vicinity. Our findings highlight significant potential risks associated with these pathogens in DW sources. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, samples were collected in two phases: September/2019 to March/2020 and October/2021 to April/2022. Water samples (n = 69) and feces (n = 13) were collected biweekly and analyzed using the USEPA 1623.1 method and molecular tools for species identification, and feces by direct DNA extraction. During the first phase, oocysts and cysts were detected at frequencies ranging from 9.1 to 41.7 and 27.3 to 83.3, respectively. In the second phase, oocyst frequencies ranged from not detected to 25%, while cyst ranged from 18.2 to 83.3%. Escherichia coli concentrations were significant at all collection points. C. hominis-parvum-meleagridis and G. duodenalis were notably detected in bovine feces. Our study revealed the presence of anthropogenic parasites and E. coli in DW sources intended for human consumption. These findings underscore the urgent need for preventive measures to ensure safe DW and prevent future contamination. Effective water quality surveillance is crucial in this regard.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of the Main Corporate Social Responsibility Drivers and Barriers and Their Foreseeable Evolution—Evidence from Two Leading Multinationals: The Airbus and TASL Cases

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) drivers and barriers in the European multinational Airbus and the Indian Tata Advanced Systems Ltd. (TASL), both in their current, as-is state, and in the desirable future, should-be state. These in-depth case studies are based on structured interviews, complemented with a survey. The research findings provide qualified, bounded support to the currently preponderant view among CSR scholars, regarding both the preeminent role of the internal (vs. external) drivers and the key importance of moral-driven (vs. profit-driven) drivers such as the values of the top management. The caveat here reflects that, contingent on cultural issues, individual companies might not have reached this state yet. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the current CSR situation could be characterized as contingent, transitional and convergent; the practical implications for the various CSR stakeholders of this characterization are discussed. The most salient trait, convergence, suggests the existence of a certain commonality in CSR’s foreseeable evolutionary path, even among disparate companies, converging on such aspects as the ever-increasing role of the value system and of the shared, internalized company culture, and the shift of CSR’s role from obligation to potential source of competitive advantage.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Advanced system for optimization of medical curriculum

V praci je představena a nasledně detailně popsana zcela nova a původni metodika optimalizace medicinských osnov v ramci terciarniho vzdělavani s využitim outcome-based přistupu a aplikace modernich informacnich a komunikacnich technologii. Existujici publikovana řeseni se zaměřuji na kurikulum pouze z urciteho pohledu a nabizi agendu spolu s vybranými funkcemi, ktere se snaži zpřistupnit v přehledne formě studentů a pedagogů dane instituce. Nicmeně komplexni nastroj, který by soucasně zahrnoval vsechny prvky spojene s globalni optimalizaci kurikula vcetně detailniho parametrickeho popisu až na uroveň samotných tematicky ucelených bloků výuky, tzv. výukových jednotek, vcetně vazby na výukove objekty prozatim neexistuje. Zaměrem prace je navrhnout zcela nový webově orientovaný nastroj vcetně propracovane metodiky, který podpoři optimalizaci medicinskeho kurikula s využitim outcome-based přistupu. Cile jsou rozděleny do tři tematicky ucelených oblasti:a) Navrh propracovane metodiky, ktera vychazi s existujicich a doposud publikovaných výsledků a ktera umožni lepe optimalizovat strukturu kurikula v oblasti medicinských studijnich oborů. b)Vyvinout webově orientovanou platformu založenou na popsane metodice pro komplexni spravu obsahu kurikula vcetně vizualizacnich prvků. c) Analýza dat, ktera jsou ziskana a zpracovana v ramci pilotniho procesu optimalizace medicinskeho kurikula.

Topic: Education, Psychology, and Social Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
INVENTORY AND TRANSFORMATION RISKS IN SOYBEAN PROCESSING

This study examines strategies for hedging processing operations generally and uses soybean processing as a specific example. The approach assumes a mean-variance utility function but because of the focus on hedging, the analysis concentrates on risk minimization with risk defined as the variance of the processing margin from its currently expected level. We find that risk so defined contains three components. These are (1) the risk of input/output cash price misalignment at the time of transactions, (2) the risk resulting from the firm's inability to utilize inputs and produce outputs in proportion to the mix that minimizes risk in cash market transactions, and (3) the risk of price change during the time between the purchase of inputs and the sale of outputs. The first two risk components are transformation risk while the third is inventory risk. The relationships between inventory and transformation risks were examined using daily price data from January 1, 1990 through March 23, 2000. Our analysis indicates that inventory risk is the largest of the three components, it increases in a roughly linear relationship with the temporal separation between pricing of inputs and outputs, it is the risk that is hedged with usual hedging models, and that hedging reduces this risk by a proportion of its amount. Consequently, even when hedged, processors face risks that increase with the time that separates the pricing of inputs and outputs and this risk is far larger than the risk of product transformation. In soybean processing, the proportion of risk eliminated through hedging reaches a peak for process lengths of one week with gradual declines thereafter. We also find that the risk-minimizing hedge ratios for soybean meal and soybean oil depend on the length of the anticipated hedging period.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of high strength hot rolled strip steel products with bainitic microstructures

High strength, low alloy, hot rolled strip steels with yield stresses in the range 700 to 1300MPa are required for the Lifting and Excavating product sector. Improved combination of strength and toughness in these high strength steels is desired, requiring a detailed understanding of the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. &#13;\nIn this work 12mm thick 700MPa yield stress strip steels with fully bainitic microstructures, with different compositions and/or processing conditions, have been studied. The microstructures of the steels were investigated with both optical microscopy and SEM. Micro-hardness and Charpy impact tests (at different temperatures) were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties, followed up with fracture surface analysis and unit crack path (UCP) analysis. &#13;\nThree types of bainitic microstructures were identified and quantified, including upper bainite, lower bainite and granular bainite. The fracture surface and UCP analysis indicating that granular bainite is detrimental to toughness, but cannot necessarily be avoided in the steels investigated; while the presence of a small amount of lower bainite (above 5%) was found to improve the impact toughness significantly. &#13;\nContinuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for steels with different compositions were produced, which allowed investigation of the phase transformation behaviour and selection of optimum chemical composition/coiling temperature for improved properties. The effects of alloying elements (B, Mo and V) on the transformation behaviour have been confirmed through the experiments. An optimised combination of alloying and coiling temperature has been proposed and validated via investigating plant trial products with similar alloying and processing parameters.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Praying for Good Harvests and Having Good Harvests Oracle Inscriptions in Bone Shell Inscriptions

There are lots of oracle inscriptions in bone shell inscriptions about praying for good harvests and Having good harvests.They not only record that Yin people attached much importance to agriculture,from ruling class to the populance, but also reflect many underlying problems existing in Shang Dynasty.And they have had an effect on the emergence and development of the idea of emphasizing agriculture and the sustainment of the idea of emphasizing agriculture policy for later generations.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Superiority of Functional over Structural Neuroimaging in the Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia

For a 68‐year‐old man with the syndrome of primary progressive aphasia, functional brain imaging techniques (single‐photon emission computed tomography and topographic electroencephalographic mapping) proved superior to anatomical imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) in delineating the left temporal lobe abnormality.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of FPIA and GC/MS techniques for the analysis of drugs in post-mortem urine samples

Post-mortem urine samples were collected from 25 persons who died in Split-Dalmatia County during 1999-2000 under suspicion of drug intoxication. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the aim of examination the possibility of FPIA usage as screening test method in determination of drug abuse in urine. The presence of the following drugs/metabolites was detected: opiates, methadone, amphetamines, tetrahydrocanabinol and cocain. The results have shown that FPIA is sufficiently reliable method for determination of addictive drugs (for each group the results match in 80% of analyses and more). Reliatively small number of samples comparised by this paper leaves this question open for further investigation.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Autopsy: role of the family physician.

The rate of autopsy in the United States has declined from about 50 percent in the 1940s to less than 15 percent today. Although many clinicians feel that modern technology has made postmortem examinations obsolete, autopsies are still important for ensuring quality, assessing new technology and providing new medical information. The primary care physician is responsible for requesting autopsies when appropriate and for informing family members of the findings. Conducting a family conference is an effective method of reviewing autopsy results.

Topic: Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Organization Culture and Organization Commitment on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediation (Study at Kanwil Direktorat Jendral Pajak Jawa Tengah I In Environment Gedung Keuangan Negara)

Success of the organization to achieve goals and objectives is largely determined by employee performance. Employee performance is a real behavior that each employee displays as a work performance generated in accordance with its role in the company. Many factors can affect employee performance, such as organizational culture, organizational commitment and organizatonal citizenship behavior. Object of this research is Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) of Central Java I, Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1D, Gedung Keuangan Negara Semarang. Based on the data, the average target of tax revenue charged by the employees of Kantor Wilayah DJP Central Java I year 2013 – 2015 amounted to 93,33% with a tendency in three years decreased. The decline in the achievement of these targets is caused by several factors, one of which many employees come late. Employee delay shows that employee performance tends to be low. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of organizational culture and organizational commitment on organizatonal citizenship behavior and influence organizatonal citizenship behavior on employee performance. Population of this research are employees of Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) of Central Java I, Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1D, Gedung Keuangan Negara Semarang totaling 133 employees. The sample in this research is 57 employees. The data type is primary. Methods of data collection using questionnaires. Analysis technique used is path analysis with previously tested by instrument test and classical assumption test. Result of analysis by using path analysis showed that: 1). Organizational culture effect positive and significant on organizational citizenship behavior (t-test result = 4,700 with sig. 0,000 < 0,05). 2). Organizational commitment effect positive and significant on organizational citizenship behavior (t-test result = 3,709 with sig. 0,000 < 0,05). 3). Organizational citizenship behavior effect positive and significant on employee performance (t-test result = 5,352 with sig. 0,000 < 0,05). 4). Organizational culture proved effect on influence employee performance with organizational citizenship behavior as mediation. 5). Organizational commitment proved effect on influence employee performance with organizational citizenship behavior as mediation Keywords : Organizational Culture, Organizational Commitment, Organizatonal Citizenship Behavior, Employee Performance

Topic: Employee Performance and Management
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Adaptive Kanji Learning System for Mobile Phone

This paper describes an adaptive learning system based on mobile phone email to support the study of Japanese Kanji. In this study, the main emphasis is on using the adaptive learning to resolve one common problem of the mobile-based email or SMS language learning systems. To achieve this goal, the authors main efforts focus on three aspects: sending the contents to a learner following his or her interests, adjusting the difficulty level of the tests to suit the learner’s proficiency level, and adapting the system to his or her learning style. Additionally, this system has already been evaluated by the learners and the results show that most of them benefited from the system and would like to continue using it.

Topic: Mobile Learning in Education
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences