jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
<i>Meloidogyne paramali</i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogyninae) and First Report of <i>M. marylandi</i> in maple and yacca tree from Japan

Abstract Meloidogyne paramali n. sp. was detected from Japanese maple trees ( Acer palmatum ) from Chiba, Japan during quarantine inspections in China. This species is characterized by second-stage juveniles (J2) with short tail length 32.2 (24–36.8) μm, finely rounded to broadly pointed tail terminus with extremely short hyaline tail terminus 4.3 (3.0–4.9) μm; perineal patterns of females characterized by an oval or irregular appearance, with round and low dorsal arch, and fine and smooth striae. M. paramali n. sp. is very similar to M. mali in that the perineal pattern has fine, smooth striae and both J2 have a short tail, but it can be distinguished from the latter by perineal pattern of the female (lateral field distinct vs . indistinct), shorter J2 hyaline tail terminus (4.3 [3.0–4.9] μm vs . 8.2 [4.8–12.7] μm, and by J2 tail with finely rounded to broadly pointed tail terminus, never sharply pointed vs . finely rounded and almost pointed. The polytomous key codes of the new species are as follows: Female : A21, B2, C32, D4; Male : A21, B3, C2, D1, E2, F2; J2 : A2, B23, C43, D34, E12, F34. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on partial 18S, ITS, D2-D3 28S, and partial mtCOI sequences also confirmed it as a new species, which is very close to M. mali and M. vitis and forms molecular group VIII. M. marylandi and other Meloidogyne species detected from plants from Japan in China are also discussed.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Case for De-familiarizing 2 Corinthians

1. Introduction<BR>2. Hearing Other Voices<BR>3. Corinthians in Literary Overview<BR>4. “Death in us; Life in you” : Our Sufferings, Your Comfort : the Apostle’s Self?Validation and the Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ<BR>5. Translation that Hears Other Voices<BR>6. De-familiarizing Strategies<BR>〈References〉<BR>〈Abstract〉<BR

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Salary sacrificing in <scp>A</scp>ustralia: are patterns of uptake and benefit different in the not‐for‐profit sector?

A ustralia's tax arrangements enable employers to offer salary sacrificing as a way to increase levels of remuneration on offer, and to attract, motivate and retain staff. This article discusses the role of salary sacrificing in the not‐for‐profit sector, and contributes new evidence about who uses it, who benefits, and who might be missing out. Based on a large national household panel survey, we show that within the not‐for‐profit sector and across the workforce more broadly, salary sacrificing is unequally accessed by employees, with higher income earners reaping greater benefits. On the basis of uneven patterns of uptake and benefit, salary sacrificing offers only a limited strategy for addressing problems of low remuneration. Human resource practitioners in the not‐for‐profit sector should develop broader strategies to attract and retain staff, especially in lower paid positions, where salary sacrificing is both less likely to be utilised and less beneficial.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Toward fiber-based high-frequency 3D ultrasound imaging

We present a fiber-based optical detection system for high-frequency 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Optically probing the surface of a thin polymer Fabry-Perot etalon defines the acoustic array geometry and element size. We have previously demonstrated wide bandwidth signal detection (>40 MHz) and element size on the order of 15 &mgr;m. By integrating an etalon into a photoacoustic imaging system, high-resolution 3D images were obtained. However, the previous system is limited for clinical applications because the etalon is rigidly attached to a free-space optical scanning system. To move etalon detector technology toward a practical clinical device, we designed a remote-probe system based on a fiber bundle. A fiber bundle, composed of 160,000 individual light guides of 8-&mgr;m diameter, delivers the optical probe to the etalon. Light coupled into a single guide creates an active element on the etalon surface. We successfully measured the ultrasound signals from 10 MHz and 50 MHz ultrasound transducers using a laser tunable around 1550 nm. With further progress on reducing the size of the etalon, it will be possible to build a practical device for <i>in vivo </i>high-frequency 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, especially for intravascular and endoscopic applications.

Topic: Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Marketing knowledge and strategy for SMEs: Can they live without it?

The literature has for more than two decades warned of operational, organizational, dysfunctional, market and managerial barriers hindering the marketing activities and plans of small companies. Small firms typically possess certain characteristics, which serve to differentiate them from larger organizations. These characteristics include inherent weaknesses with respect to capitalization and marketing awareness and practice. Many observed problems stemmed from businesses failing to practice marketing or produce marketing strategy and plans. High failure rates of small firms are largely attributed to weaknesses in financial management and marketing. Many classical management concepts are unsuitable for application in a small firm context, with research suggesting non-implementation of theoretically based marketing practice is the rule rather than the exception in the small firm. This paper reviews issues pertaining to marketing practice of strategy and planning in the small firm, acknowledges inherent weaknesses with regard to marketing in small firms, reviews marketing practice in the context of small firm characteristics, and considers the roles of owner/managers in improving small firm’s marketing practice.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Bayesian information sharing enhances detection of regulatory associations in rare cell types

Abstract Motivation Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies promise to enable the study of gene regulatory associations at unprecedented resolution in diverse cellular contexts. However, identifying unique regulatory associations observed only in specific cell types or conditions remains a key challenge; this is particularly so for rare transcriptional states whose sample sizes are too small for existing gene regulatory network inference methods to be effective. Results We present ShareNet, a Bayesian framework for boosting the accuracy of cell type-specific gene regulatory networks by propagating information across related cell types via an information sharing structure that is adaptively optimized for a given single-cell dataset. The techniques we introduce can be used with a range of general network inference algorithms to enhance the output for each cell type. We demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of our approach on three benchmark scRNA-seq datasets. We find that our inferred cell type-specific networks also uncover key changes in gene associations that underpin the complex rewiring of regulatory networks across cell types, tissues and dynamic biological processes. Our work presents a path toward extracting deeper insights about cell type-specific gene regulation in the rapidly growing compendium of scRNA-seq datasets. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Availability and implementation The code for ShareNet is available at http://sharenet.csail.mit.edu and https://github.com/alexw16/sharenet.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ

Based on universal arguments it is believed that there is a critical point (E) in QCD on the temperature (T) versus chemical potential (μ) plane, which is of extreme importance for heavy-ion experiments. Using finite size scaling and a recently proposed lattice method to study QCD at finite μwe determine the location of E in QCD with n_f=2+1 dynamical staggered quarks with semi-realistic masses on $L_t=4$ lattices. Our result is T_E=160 \pm 3.5 MeV and μ_E= 725 \pm 35 MeV. For the critical temperature at μ=0 we obtained T_c=172 \pm 3 MeV.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular peptide grafting as a tool for creating new generation of biopeptides: A mini-review

Molecular peptide grafting (MPG) is the isolation/synthesis of a bioactive fragment of a peptide/protein and its subsequent transfer to a target protein/peptide to create a new protein product with specified unique biological properties. This is one of the methods together with molecular stapling and peptide backbone circularization to strengthen the structural organization of short peptides. Nowadays research on MPT is mainly focused on demonstrating its usefulness and applicability, rather than on the development of next-generation biopeptides. The purpose of the mini-review is to demonstrate the applicability of MPT to create stable and bioavailable peptides of a new generation with enhanced biological properties. Choosing the right scaffold for subsequent inoculation of a biologically active peptide sequence into it is the most important task in creating targeted biopeptides. Peptides with the necessary framework, such as cyclotides, can be obtained by three-phase synthesis. Cyclotides have a common mechanism of action. Their biological activity is determined both by the ability to bind proteins with the formation of pores and destruction of biological target-membranes, and by the properties necessary to create new peptides in the scaffold. Various peptide inserts can be used to ensure the functionality of new biopeptides obtained by the MPT method. Different peptide drugs are an example of the effective practical use of MTP. Consequently, MPT makes it possible to effectively design a new generation of biopeptides characterized by high epitope thermodynamic and metabolic stability with new or enhanced biological functions. However, the effectiveness of the peptides obtained by the MPT must be proved in vitro and in vivo .

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of new transglycosylases ligands and study of the glycomimetics-ScGas2 interactions

Resumen del póster presentado a la VII International Conference on Molecular Recognition, celebrada en Zaragoza (España) del 1 al 3 de febrero de 2016.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new approach towards the synthesis of Transtaganolides/Basiliolides: C-19 Terpenolides from Thapsia with SERCA-inhibiting Activity

Abstract The Transtaganolides/Basiliolides (T/B) are C-19 terpenolides found in the plants Thapsia Garganica L., Thapsia Transtagana Brot and Thapsia Villosa var. Villosa L. from the Umbelliferae family. Reports suggest that these compounds have reversible SERCA-inhibiting properties and therefore are of great interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. The ground structure of the T/B is tetracyclic and has 6 contiguous stereocenters, suggesting a difficult and very challenging synthesis. This of course attracted synthetic chemists who saw a great challenge in finding a synthetic path for the total synthesis of these C-19 terpenolides. Several groups from around the world have been working towards the total synthesis, and most of them used an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction sequence as a key step. An intermediate with all carbon-carbon bonds from the T/B carbon skeleton has been obtained so far, however the total synthesis is yet to be completed as the introduction of a methyl ester needed for the last step proved very hard.28 A new approach for synthesizing a key intermediate for the total synthesis of Transtaganolides/Basiliolides has been attempted in order to reduce the amount of steps. This reaction path includes an alkynylation (addition of a terminal alkyne to an aldehyde), followed by a Tandem reaction (Stille like coupling followed by a cyclization reaction to get the important 2-pyranone derivative). The starting material for the alkynylation reaction was made by TBDMS protection of 3-butyn-1-ol and the addition to the ethyl glyoxalate was catalyzed by the use of a rhodium-phosphine complex. This alkynylation returned a secondary alcohol which was activated by mesylation. The last step (the Tandem reaction) is yet to be performed as time was insufficient.

Topic: Bioactive natural compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Menu Labeling as a Potential Strategy for Combating the Obesity Epidemic: A Health Impact Assessment

Objectives. We conducted a health impact assessment to quantify the potential impact of a state menu-labeling law on population weight gain in Los Angeles County, California. Methods. We utilized published and unpublished data to model consumer response to point-of-purchase calorie postings at large chain restaurants in Los Angeles County. We conducted sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty in consumer response and in the total annual revenue, market share, and average meal price of large chain restaurants in the county. Results. Assuming that 10% of the restaurant patrons would order reduced-calorie meals in response to calorie postings, resulting in an average reduction of 100 calories per meal, we estimated that menu labeling would avert 40.6% of the 6.75 million pound average annual weight gain in the county population aged 5 years and older. Substantially larger impacts would be realized if higher percentages of patrons ordered reduced-calorie meals or if average per-meal calorie reductions increased. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that mandated menu labeling could have a sizable salutary impact on the obesity epidemic, even with only modest changes in consumer behavior.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulatory mechanism of <scp>TRIM21</scp> in sepsis‐induced acute lung injury by promoting <scp>IRF1</scp> ubiquitination

Abstract Sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by inflammatory damage to pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to probe the significance and mechanism of tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 ( TRIM21 ) in sepsis‐induced ALI. The sepsis‐induced ALI mouse model was established by cecum ligation and puncture. The mice were infected with lentivirus and treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132. The lung respiratory damage, levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), IL‐10 and pathological changes were observed. The expression levels of TRIM21 , interferon regulatory factors 1 ( IRF1 ) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( TREM2 ) were measured and their interactions were analysed. The ubiquitination level of IRF1 was detected. TRIM21 and TREM2 were downregulated and IRF1 was upregulated in sepsis‐induced ALI mice. TRIM21 overexpression eased inflammation and lung injury. TRIM21 promoted IRF1 degradation via ubiquitination modification. IRF1 bonded to the TREM2 promoter to inhibit its transcription. Overexpression of IRF1 or silencing TREM2 reversed the improvement of TRIM21 overexpression on lung injury in mice. In conclusion, TRIM21 reduced IRF1 expression by ubiquitination to improve TREM2 expression and ameliorate sepsis‐induced ALI.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
PENERAPAN HUKUM RESPONSIF MENJADIKAN KEJAKSAAN YANG PROFESIONAL DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM

Currently, the policy made by the government will always support the political interests of the government itself, regardless of the interests of the community. A good policy is a policy that can respond and meet the interests, aspirations and social needs of the community so that all aspects must work together. In addition, government policy is expected to prevent violations of the law, because efforts to prevent violations of the law is better than crack or Hank dropped punishment to the offender. By building a national integrity system in government institutions is very useful for the fight against corruption in various forms at various levels. Attorney as law enforcement also plays a role in combating corruption should respond actively so that the desires of society so that the level of corruption in Indonesia decreased can be realized. Criminal punishment to the perpetrators of corruption is a form of repressive law enforcement response, the law does not consider the interests of those who governed / regulated by these laws. This study uses the method of normative legal research, which aims to identify and understand more deeply about the role of the Prosecutor in preventing corruption as well as people's expectations and understanding of the policies applied to the Prosecutor to support the government in preventing corruption.&#x0D; Saat ini, kebijakan yang dibuat pemerintah akan selalu mendukung kepentingan politik pemerintah itu sendiri, terlepas dari kepentingan masyarakat. Kebijakan yang baik adalah kebijakan yang dapat merespon dan memenuhi kepentingan, aspirasi dan kebutuhan sosial masyarakat sehingga segala aspek harus bekerja sama secara bersinergi. Selain itu, kebijakan pemerintah diharapkan mampu mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran hukum, karena upaya pencegahan terjadinya pelanggaran hukum lebih baik dari pada menindak atau mejatuhkan hukuman bagi si pelanggar. Dengan membangun sistem integritas nasional pada lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan sangat berguna untuk upaya melawan korupsi dalam berbagai bentuk di berbagai tingkatan. Jaksa selaku penegak hukum yang juga berperan dalam memberantas tindak pidana korupsi haruslah merespon secara aktif sehingga keinginan masyarakat supaya tingkat korupsi di Indonesia menurun dapat terwujud. Penjatuhan pidana kepada pelaku-pelaku korupsi merupakan salah satu bentuk respon penegakan hukum secara represif, yaitu hukum yang tidak memperhatikan kepentingan orang-orang yang diperintah/diatur oleh hukum tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda penelitian hukum normatif, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami lebih mendalam tentang peran Kejaksaan dalam mencegah terjadinya korupsi sebagaimana harapan masyarakat dan memahami tentang kebijakan-kebijakan yang diterapkan Kejaksaan untuk mendukung pemerintah dalam mencegah korupsi.

Topic: Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chagas disease and globalization of the Amazon

The increasing number of autochthonous cases of Chagas disease in the Amazon since the 1970s has led to fear that the disease may become a new public health problem in the region. This transformation in the disease's epidemiological pattern in the Amazon can be explained by environmental and social changes in the last 30 years. The current article draws on the sociological theory of perverse effects to explain these changes as the unwanted result of the shift from the "inward" development model prevailing until the 1970s to the "outward" model that we know as globalization, oriented by industrial forces and international trade. The current article highlights the implementation of five new patterns in agriculture, cattle-raising, mining, lumbering, and urban occupation that have generated changes in the environment and the traditional indigenous habitat and have led to migratory flows, deforestation, sedentary living, the presence of domestic animals, and changes in the habitat that facilitate colonization of human dwellings by vectors and the domestic and work-related transmission of the disease. The expansion of Chagas disease is thus a perverse effect of the globalization process in the Amazon.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Discovery and identification of serum biomarkers of Wilms' tumor in mice using proteomics technology.

Apolipoprotein A-II and polyubiquitin may be used as potential biomarkers for nephroblastoma in children, and the analysis of apolipoprotein A-II may help diagnose and treat Wilms' tumor.

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A base-line study of the wear of burs used for chairside milling of ceramic crowns of different hardness: effect on internal fit and surface roughness

INTRODUCTION: Wear of milling burs may affect the internal fit and surface roughness of the milled crown. AIM: To assess the wear of diamond and tungsten carbide (TC) burs from milling ceramic materials and the effect on internal fit and surface roughness. METHODS: Thirty crowns of each of the two materials were milled from the same standard preparation. Diamond burs were used for a feldspathic ceramic and TC burs for zirconia. Before and after the 10th, 20th and 30th milling, diamond particle loss was counted and cutting blade changes of the TC burs measured. Internal fit was measured using a silicone replica technique and surface roughness by 3D laser microscope. RESULTS: An average 26% loss of diamond particles occurred after 30 crowns, resulting in a 6% decrease in internal luting space and a 21% decrease in surface roughness. Wear of the TC burs resulted in a 13% decrease in the luting space, and a 16% increase in surface roughness. CONCLUSION: The wear of milling burs reduces the luting space, and the milling parameters must be adjusted to compensate for this. Surface roughness is affected by bur type: with diamond burs it decreased, and increased with TC burs.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Synergistic effects of ethanolic plant extract mixtures against food-borne pathogen bacteria

Plant extracts are an important part in agroecology, as they benefit environment in combating pathogenic organisms, without resorting to synthetic chemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethanol extracts from semi-desert plants [creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), tarbush (Flourensia cernua) and paddle cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)] against Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved with the creosote bush&ndash;tarbush-paddle cactus mix (1:1:1) v/v, followed by paddle cactus-tarbush (1:1) v/v. E. coli was the bacterial strain that showed the highest growth inhibition as consequence of the concentration of plant extracts (4000 and 5000 ppm of tarbush). While with the creosote bush plant extracts, the highest inhibition halos were observed. Synergistic effects were observed when mixtures of ethanolic plant extract against food-borne pathogen bacteria were used, so this may be a better way to design alternative pathogen control methodologies for food-borne pathogen bacteria. &nbsp; Key words: Larrea tridentate, Flourensia cernua, Opuntia ficus-indica, ethanolic plant extract mixtures, food-borne pathogen.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences