jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermocyclic deformation, annealing, and physical properties of low-carbon steel 10

Abstract The results of the influence of thermocyclic forging and annealing in the range of 100 ÷ 900 °C on the microstructure, coercive force and linear expansion of steel 10. Hot cyclic forging was carried out on slabs 900×700×500 mm in size on the hydraulic press with a force of 20 MN under industrial conditions of ZSMK OJSC (Novokuznetsk). Subsequently, the billets were rolled on a 3 mm thick sheet at OAO NMZ (Novosibirsk). The use of preliminary thermocyclic deformation increases the coercive force by no more than 8%. The possibility of reducing the coercive force of sheet steel made using thermocyclic forging was shown to be almost 3 times lower than the initial untreated state due to subsequent annealing at 900 °C for 10 hours. In addition, this annealing mode reduces the average linear expansion temperature coefficient of sheet steel by 6% in the temperature range of the test 50-450 °C.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
How servant leadership affects organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating roles of perceived procedural justice and trust

Purpose The paper aimed (1) to examine the mediating effects of procedural justice perception and trust in leaders between servant leadership and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and (2) to investigate the relationships between procedural justice perception and trust in leaders in the context of Chinese hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a quantitative study using online survey to collect data. Data screening was carried out to ensure all the data met the underlying statistical assumptions. This paper adopted structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Findings The paper found that procedural justice perception and trust in leaders have a full mediating effect on the relationship between servant leadership and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Procedural justice perception was positively associated with trust in leaders. Originality/value The paper provided a framework to enhance the theoretical understanding of interconnectedness of servant-leadership-related variables. It filled a theoretical gap by proposing an integrative model that examined the relationships among the variables of interest.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Features of the personal and professional formation of civil personal in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and ways of its optimization

The relevance of the examination is due to the fact that the study of the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs of the Russian Federation will solve a number of urgent questions about the methods and possibilities for optimizing professional and personal development, about the psychological mechanisms for increasing labor efficiency. The object of research is the process of personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the psychological mechanisms, factors, determinants of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the possibilities of its optimization.&#x0D; Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the research topic; general scientific methods of cognition (theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis); questioning of civil servants of the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation; statistical methods for processing the obtained data. The respondents were 120 persons, state civil employees (40 persons) and employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Altai Republic (40 persons), as well as students of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were heads of ATS units from various regions of the Russian Federation (40 persons. )&#x0D; The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and the possibilities for optimizing this process. The practical significance of the results consists in substantiating, firstly, the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; secondly, the main directions of optimizing the personal and professional formation of civil servants in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.

Topic: Legal and Policy Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Functional Characterization of Arcanobacterium pyogenes Pyolysin in an Oligomeric Form, and the Binding of CAMP Factor to IgG.

The work described in this thesis deals with two pore forming toxins, namely Arcanobacterium pyogenes pyolysin and Streptococcus agalactiae CAMP factor. Pyolysin (PLO) belongs to the homologous group of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. In chapter 2, it is shown that PLO can form small oligomers in solution, without the requirement for any membranes or membrane lipids. These small oligomers may aggregate into larger ones on membranes; however, in solution, they apparently do not grow by addition of further monomers, as their size is virtually unaffected by variations of incubation time or toxin concentration. The small, solution-derived oligomers retain hemolytic activity. The membrane lesions observed by electron microscopy are similar to those that are formed by monomeric PLO, except that they are mostly incomplete and arc-shaped, as opposed to the predominantly ring-shaped ones formed by monomeric PLO when directly incubated with membranes. This structural difference corresponds to a detectable difference in functional pore size, as determined by marker release experiments. Thus, arc-shaped PLO oligomers may form functional pores of reduced size. In chapter 3, we show that liposomes that contain phosphatidylcholine and ceramide but no cholesterol or other sterol are susceptible to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pyolysin. Pyolysin, at a low rate, forms small oligomers in solution. The solution-derived oligomers are more effective on ceramide-containing liposomes than the monomeric toxin. In contrast, they have much lower activity on liposome membranes that contain cholesterol but no ceramide. Our findings therefore show that at least one member of the ‘cholesterol-dependent cytolysins’ is in fact not strictly dependent on the sterol. In addition, in conjunction with previous data, they suggest that the requirement for cholesterol involves early or intermediate stages of oligomer formation, rather than the final event of membrane insertion. Chapter 4 of this thesis concerns Streptococcus agalactiae CAMP factor. CAMP factor has previously been reported to bind the Fc fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and has therefore also been called ‘protein B’, in analogy to protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. We attempted to characterize the interaction of protein B with IgG in more detail. In contrast to protein A, CAMP factor does not inhibit the activation of complement by hemolysin antibodies bound to sheep red cell surfaces. IgG also failed to inhibit the cohemolytic activity of CAMP factor, which it displays on sphingomyelinase-treated sheep red cells; this is in disagreement with previous findings. After co-incubation, CAMP factor and IgG were cleanly separated by gel filtration. Therefore, CAMP factor does not detectably bind to IgG.

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
General synthesis of noble metal (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) nanocrystal modified MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets and the enhanced catalytic activity of Pd–MoS<sub>2</sub> for methanol oxidation

Noble metal nanoparticle modified MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were prepared and Pd–MoS<sub>2</sub> was explored as an enhanced electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation.

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of a possible nucleotide binding site in CheW, a protein required for sensory transduction in bacterial chemotaxis.

CheW is an essential component of the system which mediates chemotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of the cheW gene as well as the purification and characterization of the CheW protein. The DNA sequence predicts a protein of 18,000 molecular weight. The pure protein exhibits an apparent molecular weight of 18,000 during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular sieve chromatography under nondenaturing conditions indicates a molecular weight of approximately 35,000, however. This result suggests that CheW is a homodimer. The predicted amino acid sequence between Thr-128 and Asp-160 fits a consensus exhibited by many proteins which bind purine nucleotides.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mobile Phone Use and Cognitive Impairment among Elderly Chinese: A National Cross-Sectional Survey Study

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mobile phone use and cognitive impairment using the data of the Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China (PINDEC) survey. A total of 21,732 participants aged 60 years and above in China were recruited using a stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling method, providing information on demographics, lifestyle and health-related characteristics, mobile phone use, and cognitive impairment through face-to-face interviews by trained staff according to a standard protocol. All estimates of rates were weighted by sex, age, and living area (rural or urban) in the elderly Chinese population. The rate of mobile phone usage was 65.5% (14.3% for smartphone use). The prevalence of cognitive impairment in non-users of mobile phone, dumbphone users, and smartphone users were 17.8%, 5.0%, and 1.4%, respectively. The odds of having cognitive impairment in users of dumbphone and smartphone were lower than non-users after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and health-related factors (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.39, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.45; p &lt; 0.001; AOR, 0.16, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.25; p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Smartphone use in Chinese elderly people was quite low. A strong correlation was found between mobile phone use and better cognitive function; yet longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship. Future design of mobile phone-based interventions should consider the feasibility among those in need.

Topic: Technology Use by Older Adults
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of reversal agents in day care procedures (with special reference to postoperative nausea and vomiting)

There is some confusion about the contribution of reversal of residual paralysis to the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The aim of this review is to discuss whether antagonism of residual paralysis is a cause of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and to assess the risk of residual paralysis if the reversal is omitted. Data from a meta-analysis published before 1998 were considered, along with trials published after that date to assess the influence of reversal of residual paralysis on postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the likelihood of harm when antagonism was omitted. Moreover, an overview of pathophysiological consequences, incidence and clinical consequences of residual paralysis is given and the actual criteria of the adequacy of neuromuscular recovery presented. When emetic outcomes are combined across all trials and all different neostigmine doses, there is no beneficial effect from omitting neostigmine on postoperative nausea and vomiting, but there is some evidence of a dose-responsiveness with neostigmine; higher doses may have emetic properties. However, omitting reversal introduces a non-negligent risk of residual paralysis. An improved understanding of the pathological consequences of residual paralysis (i.e. impaired laryngeal and pharyngeal muscle function, alterations in hypoxic ventilatory control, reduced margin of safety) led to establishment of more rigorous criteria for defining adequacy of neuromuscular recovery. A train-of-four ratio of > or = 0.9 is now accepted as the index of adequate recovery of neuromuscular function. Applying this new definition, residual paralysis becomes a frequent adverse side-effect. Neuromuscular recovery should therefore be routinely monitored in ambulatory patients and residual paralysis prevented by reversing neuromuscular block.

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emerging agendas in health communication and the challenge of multiple perspectives

The chapters in this book and the literature that they reference illustrate that the emergence of interpretive, critical, and cultural perspectives in health communication has broadened the theoretical, methodological, and pragmatic repertoire of the field. In this concluding discussion, we talk about how the scholarship on meaning, culture, structure and power advanced in this book contributes to health communication theory and practice. Taking stock of the work in this edited volume, we describe how we can expand on these through our future research agendas. Finally, given the growth of these "alternative" perspectives in health communication, we talk about how the field can maintain productive dialogue that builds health communication theorizing across different philosophical and methodological commitments.

Topic: Participatory Visual Research Methods
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IEJ Iranian Endodontic Journal 2015;10(4): 236-239 Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Residual Smear Layer Following Preparation of Curved Root Canals Using Hand Instrumentation or Two Engine-Driven Systems

Introduction: In this experimental study, the amount of smear layer (SL) remnants in curved root canals after chemomechanical instrumentation with two engine-driven systems or hand instrumentation was evaluated. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight mesiobuccal roots of mandibular first molars with curvatures ranging between 25 and 35 degrees (according to Schneider’s method) were divided into three groups (n=16) which were prepared by either the ProTaper

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF REDUCED PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE DEPENDENT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON METABOLIZING SYSTEMS

1. Histochemical procedures have been developed for the demonstration of reduced pyridine nucleotide dependent systems metabolizing 3, 4-benzypyrene, perylene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and 1, 2-benzanthracene. 2. For these procedures, an in situ indicator technique has been employed in which alterations of the fluorescence of the substrates coated on tissue sections is used to demonstrate the sites of enzyme activity. 3. Positive reactions have been found in the hepatic cells of rat, mouse, hamster, monkey, and man. The cells of the central portion of the hepatic lobule are more active than those of the periphery in all species. 4. A survey of rat tissues has shown positive reactions also in the distal portion of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal, the interstitial cells of the testis, the follicular epithelium of the thyroid and the alveolar walls of the lung. 5. The activity is considerably higher in sections of liver, kidney, thyroid, testis, and lung from rats injected with methylcholanthrene than in control animals; in the adrenal, no such increase is found.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation, Selection and In vitro Propagation of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) tree is an important part of North American forest ecosystems as well as a source of sap for maple syrup production. The quality, yield, and productivity of syrup can be considerably improved while also reducing production costs and the carbon footprint of the process by developing elite germplasm with high sap sugar content. The current work aims to provide a basis to identify and propagate elite sugar maple trees. A 22-year old seed based population of trees of uniform age, planted in uniform spacing was evaluated for sap sugar content and tree morphology (height and trunk circumference) over a period of three years and statistical measures to correct spatial trends in productivity were assessed. Furthermore, clonal propagation of sugar maple through conventional and micropropagation techniques has been largely unsuccessful and the basis of this recalcitrance has remained unknown. Optimization of light intensity to improve in vitro multiplication was attempted by culturing plantlets under three intensities (4, 16 and 40 μmol m−2 s−1) of two spectra of light (red-blue and full-spectrum white) and quantifying stress using chlorophyll fluorometry. The salient findings of this research are: 1) The nutritionally important properties of maple syrup vary across its grades and light transmittance, indicating the advantages of selecting and propagating elite trees to produce specific grades of syrup, 2) nearest neighbour based spatial correction method was superior over thin plate spline in eliminating the spatial trends in the field, 3) the critical factor limiting sugar maple’s response to in vitro propagation was light intensity and a unique low light intensity is required to overcome its recalcitrance. Since several limitations of conventional in vitro lighting systems viz., non-uniform intensity, inability to modulate intensity and spectra, and tedious procedures for randomization and replication of light quality treatments were faced, 3D printing was employed to develop a novel culture vessel with independently controlled LED lighting. Overall, the present studies not only provide a basis to identify, and propagate elite sugar maple trees but also provide novel tools to evaluate the influence of light quality in in vitro studies.

Topic: Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING OF SCHOOLCHILDREN BY MEANS OF THEATRICAL ACTIVITY

Статья посвящена методическому сопровождению обучения английскому языку школьников средствами театральной деятельности в условиях дополнительного языкового образования. Для каждого занятия по английскому языку в этих условиях выделены цели, которые подразделяются на образовательные, воспитательные, развивающие и практические. Выделены и раскрыты этапы работы над театральной постановкой. Правильно и интересно поставленный спектакль на английском языке положительно влияет на развитие иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции школьников, изучающих английский язык в сфере дополнительного образования.

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole

The efficacy of topical antifungal therapy in onychomycosis has been hindered by the failure of the antimycotic to permeate the nail plate. This research aims to design and develop a transungual system for the effective delivery of efinaconazole utilizing constant voltage iontophoresis. Seven prototype drug-loaded hydrogel formulations (E1–E7) were prepared to assess the influence of solvent (ethanol) and cosolvent (Labrasol®) on transungual delivery. Optimization was performed to evaluate the effect of three independent variables; voltage, solvent-to-cosolvent ratio, and penetration enhancer (PEG 400) concentration on critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as drug permeation and loading into the nail. The selected hydrogel product was characterized for pharmaceutical properties, efinaconazole release from the nail, and antifungal activity. Preliminary data indicates ethanol, Labrasol®, and voltage influence the transungual delivery of efinaconazole. Optimization design indicates a significant impact by applied voltage (p-0.0001) and enhancer concentration (p-0.0004) on the CQAs. Excellent correlation between selected independent variables and CQAs was confirmed by the high desirability value (0.9427). A significant (p &lt; 0.0001) enhancement in the permeation (~78.59 µg/cm2) and drug loading (3.24 µg/mg) was noticed in the optimized transungual delivery with 10.5 V. FTIR spectral data indicates no interaction between the drug and excipients, while the DSC thermograms confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in the formulation. Iontophoresis produces a drug depot in the nail that releases above the minimum inhibitory concentration level for an extended period, potentially reducing the need for frequent topical treatment. Antifungal studies further substantiate the release data and have shown remarkable inhibition of Trichophyton mentagrophyte. Overall, the promising results obtained here demonstrate the prospective of this non-invasive method for the effective transungual delivery of efinaconazole, which could improve the treatment of onychomycosis.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sortilin is associated with progranulin deficiency and autism‐like behaviors in valproic acid‐induced autism rats

Abstract Introduction Neuroinflammation and microglial activation‐related dendritic injury contribute to the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Previous studies show that Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor associated with inflammation and synaptic development, but the role of PGRN in autism and the mechanisms underlying changes in PGRN expression remain unclear. Aims To investigate the impact of PGRN in autism, we stereotactically injected recombinant PGRN into the hippocampus of ASD model rats. Additionally, we explored the possibility that sortilin may be the factor behind the alterations in PGRN by utilizing SORT1 knockdown. Ultimately, we aimed to identify potential targets for the treatment of autism. Results PGRN could alleviate inflammatory responses, protect neuronal dendritic spines, and ameliorate autism‐like behaviors. Meanwhile, elevated expression of sortilin and decreased levels of PGRN were observed in both ASD patients and rats. Enhanced sortilin levels facilitated PGRN internalization into lysosomes. Notably, suppressing SORT1 expression amplified PGRN levels, lessened microglial activation, and mitigated inflammation, thereby alleviating autism‐like behaviors. Conclusion Collectively, our findings highlight elevated sortilin levels in ASD rat brains, exacerbating dendrite impairment by affecting PGRN expression. PGRN supplementation and SORT1 knockdown hold potential as therapeutic strategies for ASD.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences