jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Suitable Active Control for Suppression the Vibrations of a Cantilever Beam

In our consideration, a comparison between four different types of controllers for suppression the vibrations of the cantilever beam excited by an external force is carried out. Those four types are the linear velocity feedback control, the cubic velocity feedback control, the non-linear saturation controller (NSC) and the positive position feedback (PPF) controller. The suitable type is the PPF controller for suppression the vibrations of the cantilever beam. The approximate solution obtained up to the first approximation by using the multiple scale method. The PPF controller effectiveness is studied on the system. We used frequency-response equations to investigate the stability of a cantilever beam. We notified that, there is a good agreement between the analytical solution and the numerical solution.

Topic: Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of A Double-Covered Stent-in-Stent Technique to Manage Persistent Coronary Perforation

A sixty-four year old man with a previous history of CABG was referred for coronary angiography that revealed a critical stenosis of the right posterior descending artery at the anastomosis point of the saphenous vein graft (Figure A).Percutaneous intervention was initiated by engagement of the saphenous graft ostium with a 6F JR guiding catheter, followed by crossing the lesion with a hydrophilic guidewire.A drug-eluting stent, 2.25 x 23 mm in size, (Xience, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted at 14 atm pressure.Control angiography revealed a marked Ellis type IV coronary perforation with leakage of blood into the pericardial cavity (Figure B).Subsequently, the patient deteriorated hemodynamically with severe chest pain and hypotension.Echocardiography showed a marked pericardial effusion along with right ventricular collapse.Protamine sulfate was used to reverse anticoagulation followed by administration of IV fl uids and emergency pericardiocentesis.A 2.5 x 15 mm balloon (Sprinter Legend, Medtronic, USA) was advanced for 10 minutes of prolonged infl ation, which failed to heal the perforation (Figure C).A 2.80 x 19 mm covered stent (Graftmaster, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted at the level of the perforation.Control angiography showed persistence of the perforation with ongoing pulsatile fl ow (Figure D).A second covered stent, 2.80 x 16 mm in size, (Graftmaster, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted inside the fi rst stent and post-dilated for 5 minutes (Figure E).Fortunately, the perforation healed without leakage shown by control angiography, with good distal fl ow (Figure F).The patient was safely taken to the coronary care unit for hemodynamic stabilization and uneventfully discharged the next day after demonstration of no pericardial effusion on control echocardiography.This case appears to offer solutions to a life-threatening coronary perforation in the catheterization laboratory with its unique feature of implantation of two covered-stents.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The disappearance of the dowry: womens, families and social change in São Paulo, 1600-1900

Durante muitos anos o tema familia foi considerado reduto de antropologos, sociologos e genealogistas. Os historiadores pareciam nao se interessar por uma area onde nao tinham tradicao de pesquisas, na qual outros profissionais ja tinham formulado nas decadas 20, 30 e 40 as diretrizes ideologicas de um pensamento que vigoraria por muitas decadas sobre a natureza, a estrutura, a funcao e conceito de familia brasileira. So entao, pelos anos 50 e 60, preocupacoes revisionistas giraram em tomo de classes sociais, aspectos regionais e mudancas sociais. Foi na decada de 70 e sobretudo a partir da de 80, que um amplo processo de revisao dos grandes mitos e arquetipos caracterizou a discussao sobre patriarcalismo o qual aparece associado a mudancas ocorridas na sociedade brasileira no periodo colonial e ao longo do seculo XIX. A partir dai os historiadores iniciaram um dialogo proficuo com seus colegas das Ciencias Sociais. E portanto neste contexto que se insere The Disappearance of the Dowry: Women, Families and Social

Topic: Gender, Sexuality, and Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ticks as vectors: taxonomy, biology and ecology

Ticks are prominent parasites and competent vectors of pathogens that affect both humans and animals. This review outlines and illustrates the main features of the morphology of ticks of the families Ixodidae and Argasidae, and summarises the basic components of their life cycles. It focuses mainly on development processes and mortality among tick populations so as to provide an overview of how they are regulated in nature and how pathogens can be transmitted under such a framework. The effects of the weather on these life cycles are reviewed. The author also examines how landscape structure and biotic factors, such as the presence and abundance of hosts, may shape the density of tick populations. The uncertainty inherent in dealing with the transmission of pathogens by ticks is highlighted; this results from the sometimes complex relationships among the vectors, the climate and the presence and density of host populations. The need to obtain reliable field estimations of such relationships before drawing conclusions about the effects of the isolated components of the system is stressed. A section is devoted to addressing the expected (and not yet totally understood) effects of trends in climate on the spread of ticks, and how these can be analysed and tracked.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
PM_026007_E_Dorve

File Name: PM_026007_E_Dorve.jpg Sublocation: Dorve Location: La Guingueta d'Àneu Province: Catalunya, Lleida Country: Spain Header: Una vista al carrer; Description: Dorve A street view Keywords: Architecture, Catalunya, Cultural heritage, Dorve (Sant Guingueta d'Àneu), Europe, La Guingueta d'Àneu, Lleida, Monuments, My photography, Romanesque, Romanesque Catalonia, Ruins, Rural site, Spain, Styles Author: Photo: Paul M.R. Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Do millennials value travel time differently because of productive multitasking? A revealed-preference study of Northern California commuters

Abstract Millennials, the demographic cohort born in the last two decades of the twentieth century, are reported to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their everyday lives, including travel, to a greater extent than older generations. As ICT-driven travel-based multitasking influences travelers’ experience and satisfaction in various ways, millennials are expected to be affected at a greater scale. Still, to our knowledge, no previous studies have specifically focused on the impact of travel multitasking on travel behavior and the value of travel time (VOTT) of young adults. To address this gap, we use an original dataset collected among Northern California commuters ( N = 2216) to analyze the magnitude and significance of individual and household-level factors affecting commute mode choice. We estimate a revealed-preference mode choice model and investigate the differences between millennials and older adults in the sample. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore how incorporation of explanatory factors such as attitudes and propensity to multitask while traveling in mode choice models affects coefficient estimates, VOTT, and willingness to pay to use a laptop on the commute. Compared to non-millennials, the mode choice of millennials is found to be less affected by socio-economic characteristics and more strongly influenced by the activities performed while traveling. Young adults are found to have lower VOTT than older adults for both in-vehicle (15.0% less) and out-of-vehicle travel time (15.7% less), and higher willingness to pay (in time or money) to use a laptop, even after controlling for demographic traits, personal attitudes, and the propensity to multitask. This study contributes to better understanding the commuting behavior of millennials, and the factors affecting it, a topic of interest to transportation researchers, planners, and practitioners.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
'The Miracle of Reading' : Leesbevordering in Cassell's Book of Knowledge (1925)

Looking at the ‘literature and science’ field from a book history perspective, this article discusses the ways in which an encyclopedia from the interwar years convinces children who might prefer science to literature of the importance of reading books. How can reading help the budding scientist? To find an answer to this question I did a search of entries and paratexts for information on why, what and how we should read. It turns out that on many levels of the text, The Book of Knowledge contributes to the knowledge of books. Through explicit advice and implicit allusions, books are presented as a vital means for gaining and sharing knowledge. This propaganda for books not only serves the intellectual development of the young readers of the Book of Knowledge, but also secures the future of the publishing house by shaping new customers. This case study is set against the backdrop of the ongoing discussion on the relevance of the humanities in a society that is focused on STEM.

Topic: Historical and Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATION OF BASEMENT MEMBRANE AND A SERUM BETA GLOBULIN IN THE MOUSE. DEMONSTRATION OF RENAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE ALTERATION IN MICE INJECTED WITH STREPTOLYSIN S.

Antiserum to a fraction of mouse β globulin isolated by electrophoresis and column chromatography was found reactive by immunofluorescence with renal basement membrane of glomeruli and tubules, and with basement membrane and connective tissue in other organs. This method for staining renal basement membrane was applied to the study of renal lesions produced in mice by streptolysin S. In lesions characterized by early changes of acute tubular necrosis a marked decrease in ability to stain tubular basement membrane was observed. Reappearance of staining property in basement membrane was linked to re-regeneration of diseased tubules. Repeated injections of streptolysin S produced alterations in staining also of glomerular basement membrane

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Common Key to Class-Switch Recombination and Somatic Hypermutation: Discovery of AID and Its Role in Antibody Gene Diversification

The mechanisms by which lymphocytes engineer their genomes, allowing the adaptive immune system to respond to an enormous spectrum of Ags, have been one of the most exciting topics in immunology. By the late 1990s, a detailed understanding of V(D)J recombination mechanisms, found to be controlled by

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Joining Economic and Engineering Perspectives – A tool for Successful Entrepreneurs

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the importance of higher education for preparing the graduates to become more creative and ready to become efficient and successful entrepreneurs. Students in engineering posses the required qualifications in terms of technology, but lack the managerial skills and economic knowledge needed for launching and maintaining new valuable businesses. After a systematic analysis of the Romanian entrepreneurial landscape, the author recommends the implementation of new high education programs in engineering that will create a better interface between engineering and economic viewpoints and are also aimed to fully develop the graduates' entrepreneurial personality.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Dichotomous Search for a Geometric Random Variable

We are given a two-state system that starts in state 0, ends in state 1, and makes a single transition from state 0 to state 1 during N periods. If the system is in state 0, it moves to state 1 in the next period with a known positive time-independent probability. Once it reaches state 1, it remains there. By observing the state of the system at some intermediate period, we can learn whether this transition occurred earlier or not. An optimal search strategy minimizes the expected number of observations needed to locate the exact transition time. In this paper we show how to compute efficiently and how to approximate the optimal strategy. Applications to the problem arise in the areas of quality control and maintenance of communication and supply lines.

Topic: Algorithms and Data Compression
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fine mapping of qTGW10-20.8, a QTL having important contribution to grain weight variation in rice

Grain weight is one of the most important determinants of grain yield in rice. In this study, QTL analysis for grain weight, grain length, and grain width was performed using populations derived from crosses between major parental lines of three-line indica hybrid rice. A total of 27 QTL for grain weight were detected using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from the crosses Teqing/IRBB lines, Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46, and Xieqingzao/Milyang 46. Of these, 10 were found in only a single population and the other 17 in two or all three populations. Nine of the 17 common QTL were located in regions where no QTL associated with grain weight have been cloned and one was selected for fine-mapping. Eight populations segregating in an isogenic background were derived from one F7 residual heterozygote of Teqing/IRBB52. The target QTL, qTGW10-20.8 controlling grain weight, grain length, and grain width, was localized to a 70.7-kb region flanked by InDel markers Te20811 and Te20882 on the long arm of chromosome 10. The QTL region contains seven annotated genes, of which six encode proteins with known functional domains and one encodes a hypothetical protein. One of the genes, Os10g0536100 encoding the MIKC-type MADS-box protein OsMADS56, is the most likely candidate for qTGW10-20.8. These results provide a basis for cloning qTGW10-20.8, which has an important contribution to grain weight variation in rice. Keywords: Fine mapping, Grain length, Grain weight, Quantitative trait loci, Rice

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Large Reservoir of Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo: Ionized Silicon in High-Velocity and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds

The low Galactic halo is enveloped by a sheath of ionized, low-metallicity gas, which can provide a substantial (1 M_sun/yr) cooling inflow to replenish star formation in the disk. Using absorption spectra from the HST and FUSE toward 37 active galactic nuclei at high latitude, we detect widespread interstellar SiIII 1206.5 absorption: 61 high-velocity clouds (HVCs) along 30 sight lines and 22 intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) along 20 sight lines. We find a segregation of redshifted and blueshifted absorbers across the Galactic rotation axis at l=180, consistent with a lag in the rotation velocity above the Galactic plane. The HVC sky coverage is large (81+-5% for 30/37 directions) with SiIII optical depth typically 4-5 times that of OVI 1032. The mean HVC column density per sight line, =13.42+-0.21, corresponds to total column density N_HII~6x10^18)/(Z_Si/0.2Z_sun) of ionized low-metallicity gas, similar to that inferred in OVI. This reservoir could total 10^8 M_sun and produce a mass infall rate ~1 M_sun/yr. By modeling SiII, SiIII, SiIV, and HI in a subset of absorbers, we constrain the mean photoionization parameter in the low halo, = -3.0 (+0.3,-0.4), approximately ten times lower than observed in the low-redshift intergalactic medium. The metallicities in some HVCs, derived from [SiII/HI], are 10-30% solar, whereas values found from all three silicon ions are lower in the pure-photoionization models. Thse formally lower metallicities are highly uncertain, since some of the higher ions may be collisionally ionized. The mean Si metallicities, = -2.1(+1.1,-0.3) in 17 HVCs and -1.0(+0.6,-1.0) in 19 IVCs, are somewhat uncertain owing to ionization modeling, but consistent with the median photometric metallicity, [Fe/H]=-1.46+-0.30, for ~2e5 halo F/G stars in SDSS.

Topic: Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A buzzword, a “win-win”, or a signal towards the future of agriculture? A critical analysis of regenerative agriculture

Abstract As the term regenerative agriculture caught fire in public discourse around 2019, it was promptly labelled a buzzword. While the buzzword accusation tends to be regarded as negative, these widely used terms also reflect an important area of growing public interest. Exploring a buzzword can thus help us understand our current moment and offer insights to paths forward. In this study, we explored how and why different individuals and groups adopt certain key terms or buzzwords, in this case the term “regenerative agriculture”. We used an interpretivist approach to understand how “regenerative agriculture” is being constructed, interpreted, understood, and employed, drawing from 19 semi-structured interviews conducted with farmers, researchers, private companies, and NGO/nonprofits. Several interviewees felt that regenerative agriculture is making an important societal shift in thinking towards addressing major issues like climate change and parity in our food and agricultural systems. However, farmers in particular felt that the term is being greenwashed, coopting the work they do, and even diluting the meaning. We also found that regenerative agriculture is being advanced as mobilizing “win-wins”—for farmers, for consumers, for society—but that this discourse may be veiling the political and economic agendas of the big companies using the term. Our findings further illustrated the debates over standardizing the term regenerative agriculture, with some contending that there should be room for “continuous improvement” but others felt it is meaningless without a definition.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of spectral degradation on attentional modulation of auditory responses to continuous speech

Auditory attention enhances phase-locked responses to the temporal envelope of the attended speech stream in a competing background. This study investigates how cortical responses are affected by spectral degradation and the extent to which low-frequency fine-structure cues facilitate sound segregation. Two competing speech streams were presented diotically to normal-hearing subjects. Each subject was tested with unprocessed speech, vocoder speech (8 to 64 channels), and six-channel high-frequency vocoder + lowpass filtered speech simulating electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). Ongoing EEG responses were measured in each condition. Cross-correlation between speech envelope and EEG responses was calculated at different time lags. For unprocessed speech, the cross-correlation function showed opposite signs of correlations between the attended and unattended speech, supporting the neural mechanism of suppression of the competing speech stream. This suppression mechanism, however, was only evident for the 32- and 64-channel vocoder conditions, but not for the 8- and 16-channel conditions. This indicates that greater frequency resolution is required for sound segregation. For EAS, the pattern of cortical responses was similar to that of the eight-channel vocoder condition, although speech intelligibility was higher in EAS than vocoder speech. Consistent with previous psychoacoustic evidence, these neural results further argue against the segregation mechanism for EAS benefit.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% With Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-µg Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Cesarean Section Patients

Introduction: The analgesia after the C-section is a very challenging condition to the anesthetist. Various combinations of the agents have been proposed for a successful analgesia. Hence, in our study, we aimed to compare the intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% with intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-microgram buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in elective C-section patients. Materials and Methods: We piloted a prospective study among 40 subjects grouped equally as Group I – bupivacaine 0.5%, and Group II – bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-μg buprenorphine. We compared the clinical parameters for the pain relief by visual analog scale (VAS), the duration of the analgesia, and the side effects for the two groups. The values obtained were compared using the ANOVA test deliberating P &lt; 0.05 as significant. Results: Significant longer duration and faster onset of the analgesia were seen for the Group II than the Group I. The VAS score was higher for the Group I than Group II. Greater side effects were seen in the buprenorphine group. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, beneficial effect of the bupivacaine was identified when added to the routine bupivacaine for the analgesia in the C-section.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Uromyces rebeccae</i>, sp. nov., a newly described rust on the federally endangered plant, California sea-blite (<i>Suaeda californica</i>)

Rust disease was observed on populations of <i>Suaeda californica</i> near Morro Bay, California. The pathogen was identified as a species of <i>Uromyces</i> based on teliospore and urediniospore morphology and nuc 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate was compared with previously described species of <i>Uromyces</i> that infect members of Chenopodiaceae, prompting a taxonomic reevaluation of <i>Uromyces</i> species on <i>Suaeda</i>. Herein, <i>Uromyces rebeccae</i> is described. It can be differentiated from the closely related <i>U. chenopodii</i> (syn.: <i>Aecidium chenopodii-fruticosi; U. giganteus</i>) based on host range, teliospore morphology, and 28S sequence data. The new combination, <i>Uromyces chenopodii-fruticosi</i>, is made for <i>Aecidium chenopodii-fruticosi</i>, the oldest name for Eurasian <i>Suaeda</i> rust. Finally, it was determined that <i>U. giganteus</i> likely does not occur in the United States and that the rust of <i>S. taxifolia</i> in the United States likely comprises a third, yet unnamed taxon, different from both <i>U. rebeccae</i> and <i>U. chenopodii-fruticosi</i>. This is the first record of a rust fungus on <i>S. californica</i>. An identification key for <i>Uromyces</i> species reported on Chenopodiaceae is provided.

Topic: Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences