jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pessary vs Surgery on Patient-Reported Improvement in Patients With Symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Importance Pelvic organ prolapse is a prevalent condition among women that negatively affects their quality of life. With increasing life expectancy, the global need for cost-effective care for women with pelvic organ prolapse will continue to increase. Objective To investigate whether treatment with a pessary is noninferior to surgery among patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse. Design, Setting, and Participants The PEOPLE project was a noninferiority randomized clinical trial conducted in 21 participating hospitals in the Netherlands. A total of 1605 women with symptomatic stage 2 or greater pelvic organ prolapse were requested to participate between March 2015 through November 2019; 440 gave informed consent. Final 24-month follow-up ended at June 30, 2022. Interventions Two hundred eighteen participants were randomized to receive pessary treatment and 222 to surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was subjective patient-reported improvement at 24 months, measured with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale, a 7-point Likert scale ranging from very much better to very much worse . This scale was dichotomized as successful, defined as much better or very much better , vs nonsuccessful treatment. The noninferiority margin was set at 10 percentage points risk difference. Data of crossover between therapies and adverse events were captured. Results Among 440 patients who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [9.29] years), 173 (79.3%) in the pessary group and 162 (73.3%) in the surgery group completed the trial at 24 months. In the population, analyzed as randomized, subjective improvement was reported by 132 of 173 (76.3%) in the pessary group vs 132 of 162 (81.5%) in the surgery group (risk difference, −6.1% [1-sided 95% CI, −12.7 to ∞]; P value for noninferiority, .16). The per-protocol analysis showed a similar result for subjective improvement with 52 of 74 (70.3%) in the pessary group vs 125 of 150 (83.3%) in the surgery group (risk difference, −13.1% [1-sided 95% CI, −23.0 to ∞]; P value for noninferiority, .69). Crossover from pessary to surgery occurred among 118 of 218 (54.1%) participants. The most common adverse event among pessary users was discomfort (42.7%) vs urinary tract infection (9%) following surgery. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse, an initial strategy of pessary therapy, compared with surgery, did not meet criteria for noninferiority with regard to patient-reported improvement at 24 months. Interpretation is limited by loss to follow-up and the large amount of participant crossover from pessary therapy to surgery. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NTR4883

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sex Differences in Jealousy: An Evolutionary Perspective on Online Infidelity

This study examined whether sex differences in jealousy would generalize to online infidelity. Based on the evolutionary psychological explanation for sex differences in jealousy (ancestral men's challenge of paternal uncertainty vs. ancestral women's challenge of ensuring paternal investment), we expected that men and women would perceive online infidelity similarly to conventional infidelity. The experimental design was a 2 (Infidelity Context: online or conventional) × 2 (Participant Sex) × 2 (Infidelity Type: emotional vs. sexual) mixed factorial. Participants were 332 (132 male, 200 female) undergraduates who completed a questionnaire assessing their responses to potential infidelity. As predicted, online and conventional infidelity elicited the same sex difference in jealousy. Implications for social scientists who study online behavior are discussed.

Topic: Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Variation of CNS Infections According to the Host

The clinical response to pathogens infecting the CNS is a result of the combined effects of environmental factors, including microbial variations and host-specific factors, mainly immunological or genetic. Although their number and definition are rapidly increasing with the development of molecular technologies, primary and congenital immunodeficiencies, particularly those underlying CNS infections, remain relatively rare and mainly relate to specific infections. Most immunodeficiencies underlying CNS infection are acquired. The number of affected patients is increasing because of the aging population, the growing numbers and longer survival of patients with debilitating diseases, and of those receiving immunosuppressive drugs for inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and for organ transplantation. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic also accounts for a major cause of acquired immunodeficiency. This chapter describes the different types of immunodeficiency and related opportunistic infections (OIs) of the CNS and their variation according to patient age, particularly intrauterine infections and infections in neonates and children.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Courts as Consiglieri: Advisory Opinions in a Comparative Constitutional Perspective

Courts in many jurisdictions contribute to the process of constitutional law-making, not just by exercising adjudicative powers, but also as advisers. This judicial advice-giving remains controversial. Much of the debate focuses on 'advisory opinions' as a doctrinal concept, ignoring the rich variety of judicial advice, and the many different contextual and institutional settings settings in which it takes place. This article advances a functional approach to judicial advice-giving, understanding it to be a communicative act by which courts contribute to the process of law-making on the basis of persuasion and judicial authority. This approach allows a more broad analysis of advisory opinions, focusing on function, type of advice, and institutional modes of advice-giving. By connecting function to form and content, this article attempts to move beyond the binary question whether or not advisory opinions can be squared with the judicial function in a liberal democracy.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Secure human attachment can promote support for climate change mitigation

Significance Attachment theory focuses on the primal form of emotional bonding between humans. Attachment is conceptualized as an innate behavioral system aimed at safeguarding against potential threats by assuring proximity to caring and supportive others. When individuals feel securely attached (thus feeling less threatened in most situations), the activation of the caregiving behavioral system (concern for others) is facilitated. With this research, we show that priming attachment security influences how much people care about and accept climate change via an increased empathy for humanity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this activation bypasses the resistance of politically conservative individuals to mitigate climate change. Overall, we show that attachment security–based stimuli can inform intervention and policymaking strategies to help fight climate change.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The calcium-buffering phase of bone mineral: Some clues to its form and formation

Abstract Devitalized, neonatal, rat calvariae incubated in a buffered solution release Ca2+ and P1 during the first day into the medium until levels reach 1.2 mM and 2.6 mM, respectively. Thereafter levels gradually decrease to stabilize by the fifth day at 0.5 mM and 2 mM. Comparison of these solubility changes with those of known calcium phosphate salts suggests that calvarial solubility is controlled by a mixture of impure, soluble, apatite precursors, which at cell death transform to an impure apatite. Increasing concentrations of Mg2+ increased the rate of Ca2+ release and, at 3 mM, stabilized Ca2+ by the fifth day at 0.9 mM. Decreasing the pH from 7.4 to 7.2 produced similar solubility changes as did the addition of citrate at 0.3 mM, phosphocitrate at 0.3 mM, ATP at 0.1 mM, and the bisphosphonate, HEBP, at 0.1 mM. Osteocalcin did not increase calvarial solubility but was able to slow the rate of calcium phosphate phase transition if present at the time of in vitro crystal formation. Phosphocitrate and HEBP were also more effective when present during in vitro crystal formation. HEBP was most effective when present during biological crystal formation, as shown by the increased solubility of devitalized calvariae removed after in vivo administration of HEBP. In vivo manipulations of osteoclast activity produced changes in plasma calcium which correlated with the solubility of the corresponding calvariae after removal and devitalization. Low milk intake increased calvarial solubility. Increasing doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased plasma calcium and calvarial solubility, both of which were reversed by injection of acetazolamide. It was concluded from this survey of devitalized bone solubility that calcium exchange between bone and body fluids can buffer calcium homeostasis in the young rat. The exchange is passive. The active components appear to be osteoblastic formation of soluble apatite precursors and their stabilizers and, in reverse, osteoclastic transformation of apatite to precursors by H2CO3 secretion.

Topic: Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Opportunities and Challenges for Teacher Professional Development: A Case of Collaborative Learning Community in South Korea

This study investigates how characteristics of a collaborative professional learning activity support and hinder teacher learning and growth by examining the experiences of three Korean secondary teachers who participated in a school-initiated collaborative teacher learning project. The findings demonstrated that this learning opportunity supported teachers in their learning and professional development in the following ways. First, teachers experienced professional growth through collaborative learning with colleagues. Second, teachers learned to self-reflect on their classes. Third, the program fostered an inquiry stance toward teaching. Also identified are some of the obstacles encountered, such as time constraints, psychological barriers, and the lack of a discussion culture.

Topic: Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
843 MHz Emission from the Active Star AB Dor

Abstract The Molonglo Observatory synthesis telescope has been used to obtain twelve observations of a 23′ arc field containing the active star AB Dor. On each occasion, an unresolved source close to the optical position of AB Dor was observed. The source exhibits day-to-day variations of flux density, with a mean value of ∼4 mJy. The identification of the source with the star and the variations in emission are discussed.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 8: Figure S5. of Sub-clinical detection of gut microbial biomarkers of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Scatter plots of data collected for the Human Microbiome Project [22] for (A) blood pressure vs. M. smithii abundance and (B) BMI vs. E. sireum. In our data, both these associations have a threshold-like behavior, however this is not observed in the HMP data [21]. (PDF 3520 kb)

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hydrogenation of ethylene over exploded palladium wire

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of ethylene over exploded palladium wireCharles P. Nash and Ronald L. MusselmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 10, 2166–2170Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100909a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100909a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Catalysts for Methane Reforming
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Identity of Hispanic Literatures: One Breath, a Million Words

Nothing can stop the tides of innovation in art: it is this idea that a captive, dirty, weak, and hungry Don Quixote embraced to affirm himself as the heroic referent for the emerging Romance literatures. Indeed, this adaptability has been the secret of his longevity in the Western canon. Like Don Quixote, Hispanic literatures cannot build their identity on a pristine, metropolitan, and uniform Spanish language elevated by its exclusivity. If literary Hispanism is to be alive, it needs to evolve into a complex cultural construction that binds together the oral and literat­e languages of America and Spain and takes into account transatlantic flows and contradictions. Breathing, a common feature of both literary patterns and a rhythm of nature, will serve as the much-needed metaphor to bridge Latin American oral cultures, which have found permanence and expression in written texts, with literate cultures, including even the most urban, digital, and technologically advanced from Mexico, Chile or Spain. ­

Topic: Literacy and Educational Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Close-loop induction motor rotor flux field-oriented control in single wave voltage feeding

Voltage-source converter (VSC) is has been applied widely in feeding the induction motor(IM). In high power wide speed-range AC drive, such as High Speed Railway Train traction converters, the IM usually are fed by Single Wave (SW) voltage in high speed reign, due to the switching loss and making full use of the voltage that DC link can provide. The amplitude of stator voltage vector is restricted constant in the mode, which brings new problems to the conventional field oriented control (FOC) for IM. This paper discusses the strategy for IM Rotor Flux FOC under single wave voltage feed. The proposed scheme provides quick torque response in the single wave mode under direct rotor FOC. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the effectiveness of the control.

Topic: Sensorless Control of Electric Motors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Features of Clinical Manifestations and Heart Rate Variability in Children with Malignant Vasovagal Syncope

Background: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with malignant vasovagal syncope (VVS), a rare yet clinically significant subtype of VVS. Methods: This single-center case–control study enrolled children diagnosed with malignant VVS, and the malignant VVS patients were matched in a 1:4 ratio with non-asystolic VVS children as a control group through age and sex stratification. Clinical characteristics and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors significantly associated with malignant VVS. Results: A total of 10 patients in the malignant group and 40 children in the control group were included. The malignant group exhibited earlier symptom onset (7.0 ± 2.7 vs. 9.7 ± 2.7 years, p &lt; 0.05) than the control group, and children in the malignant group had a higher prevalence of central triggers (60.0% vs. 17.5%, p &lt; 0.05) and convulsive/incontinence episodes (80.0% vs. 17.5%, p &lt; 0.05) than the control group. Additionally, the malignant group demonstrated significantly elevated HRV parameters, including very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), indicating substantial autonomic dysregulation characterized by parasympathetic predominance. Central triggers (OR = 7.16, 95%CI 1.10–46.73) and convulsive/incontinence manifestations (OR = 19.02, 95%CI 2.81–128.64) were independent risk factors of malignant VVS. Conclusions: The age at syncope onset was significantly earlier in children with malignant VVS, and children with malignant VVS exhibited profound autonomic dysregulation characterized by significant parasympathetic predominance. Finally, children with episodes induced by central triggers and accompanied by incontinence or convulsions were at a higher risk of asystole.

Topic: Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards greener environment: Energy efficient pathways for the transportation sector in Malaysia

Transportation sector is the second most energy consuming sector after industrial sector, accounting for 40% of total energy consumption in Malaysia. The transportation sector is one of the most energy intensive sectors in the country and relies primarily on petroleum products, which in total account for nearly 98% of the total consumption in the sector. Since it is heavily reliant on petroleum based fuels, the sector contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The need to reduce the greenhouse gas emission is paramount as Malaysia at Conference of the Parties (COP15) pledged to reduce its carbon intensity by 40% by 2020 from 2005 level subject to availability of technology and finance. Transport sector will be among the first sectors that need to be addressed to achieve this goal, as two-thirds of the emissions come from fuel combustion in transport sector. This paper will analyse the factors influencing the transport sector's growth and energy consumption trends and discuss the key issues and challenges for greener environment and sustainable transportation in Malaysia. The paper will also discuss the policy and strategic options aimed towards energy efficient pathways in Malaysia.

Topic: Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Right Ventricular Pressure–Volume Analysis Before and After Transcatheter Leaflet Approximation for Severe Mitral Regurgitation

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solute effects on deformation and fracture of beta brass

It is shown that the ductility of several ternary beta brass alloys in air and in several liquid metals can be related to the operative slip and grain boundary relaxation processes. Nickel and manganese were chosen as alloying elements because they are expected to respectively enhance and suppress cross slip in beta brass. Single-phase binary and ternary beta brass alloys were used in both polycrystalline and single crystal form.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Bayesian non parametric time-switching autoregressive model for multipath errors in GPS navigation

Multipath is one of the most penalizing error sources in GPS navigation. It occurs when the satellite signals are reflected on obstacles before reaching the GPS receiver, corrupting the satellite-receiver distance measurements. In recent works, Bayesian non parametric (BNP) models of the measurement errors in the presence of multipath were considered. The latter were assumed to be distributed according to an a priori infinite mixture of Gaussian probability density functions. However, the errors were considered temporally white. This assumption does not hold in practice. In this paper, we extend the proposed BNP formalism to the case of time-correlated errors. For this purpose, we model the correlated measurement errors as an infinite mixture of autoregressive processes. Then, the on-line joint estimation of the navigation variables, the correlated measurement errors and their parameters from the GPS measurements is performed by particle filtering.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comment on egusphere-2022-595

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> We proposed earthquake forecasting models for Albania, one of the most seismogenic regions in Europe, to give an overview of seismic activity by implementing area source and smoothing approaches. The earthquake catalog was firstly declustered to remove foreshocks and aftershocks when they are within the derived distance- and time-windows of mainshocks. Considering catalog completeness, the events with M&ge;4.0 during the period of 1960&ndash;2006 were implemented for the forecast model learning. The forecasting is implemented into an area source model that includes 20 sub-regions and a smoothing model with a cell size of 0.2&deg; x 0.2&deg; to forecast the seismicity in Albania. Both models show high seismic rate along the western coastline and at the southern part of the study area, consistent with previous studies which discussed seismicity in the area and currently active regions. To further validate the forecast performance from the two models, we introduced the Molchan diagram to quantify the correlation between models and observations. The Molchan diagram suggests that both models are significantly better than a random distribution, confirming their forecasting abilities. Our results provide crucial information for subsequent research on the seismic activity, such as probabilistic seismic hazard assessment.

Topic: Earthquake Detection and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences