jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement CP violation in hadronic τ decaysI

We consider CP-violating effects in τ → 3piντ and 4piντ (∆S = 0), and τ → Kpipiντ (∆S = 1), assuming that the usual Standard Model amplitudes for these processes interfere with analogous amplitudes mediated by a charged Higgs boson. In the ∆S = 0 case we focus specifically on the intermediate resonant processes τ → Vpiντ (with V = ω, ρ, and a1), and consider three CP-odd observables – the partial rate asymmetry, a polarization-dependent asymmetry and a triple-product asymmetry. In the ∆S = 1 case we examine the partial rate asymmetry, two “modified ” rate asymmetries, and a triple-product asymmetry. The partial rate asymmetry is expected to be small for both the ∆S = 0 and ∆S = 1 cases. Evaluation of the other asymmetries indicates that they could potentially be measurable. 1.

Topic: Plant chemical constituents analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Discontinuing<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Prophylaxis

Until the widespread adoption of specific prophylaxis in the late 1980s, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was among the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in industrialized countries. Primary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia is currently recommended for all HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts of less than 200 per cubic millimeter and for those receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Secondary prophylaxis is recommended for all patients with a history of P. carinii pneumonia.1 The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which can drastically inhibit HIV replication and lead to substantial increases in CD4 cell counts, . . .

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antiphospholipid syndrome and factor V Leiden. Three cases with recurrent venous thrombosis.

Recurrent thrombosis is a common complication of various rheumatic disorders and is part of the definition of antiphospholipid syndrome. We report three cases of recurrent venous thrombosis due not only to antiphospholipid syndrome with a normal activated partial thromboplastin time but also to resistance to activated protein C caused by the factor V Leiden mutation. These three cases confirm that thrombotic disease is frequently multifactorial and suggest that resistance to activated protein C should be looked for routinely in patients with suggestive clinical manifestations, particularly when standard clotting tests are normal.

Topic: Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A relatively rare aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)–positive “stem cell–like” subpopulation of tumor cells has the unique ability to initiate and perpetuate tumor growth; moreover, it is highly resistant to chemotherapy and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. The development of more effective therapies for cancer requires targeting of this cell population. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified that the expression of the &lt;i&gt;Caenorhabditis elegans&lt;/i&gt; lin-28 homologue (LIN28) was positively correlated with the percentage of ALDH1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor cells; this was further validated in an independent set of tissue arrays (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 197). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that LIN28 plays a critical role in the maintenance of ALDH1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor cells. In addition, we found that there is a double-negative feedback loop between LIN28 and &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; in tumor cells, and that &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; negatively regulates ALDH1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor cells. Finally, we report that a LIN28/&lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; loop modulates self-renewal and differentiation of mammary gland epithelial progenitor cells. Our data provide evidence that cancer stem cells may arise through a “reprogramming-like” mechanism. A rebalancing of the LIN28/&lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; regulatory loop could be a novel therapeutic strategy to target ALDH1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9463–72. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Routine and nonroutine performance information: an assessment about substitution and complementarity

This article investigates the substitution and complementarity effect that organizational social capital generates between two different types of performance information: nonroutine and routine performance information. The study of this topic is important since it offers a better understanding of how public managers inform their decision-making. Using department level data from 57 counties in Florida, this article finds that departments with higher levels of organizational social capital are more likely to complement the use of both routine and nonroutine performance information. Thus, the article reinforces the role and importance that organizational social capital plays into well-established and consolidated managerial practices.

Topic: Public Policy and Administration Research
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Teaching Module for Pancasila Student Profile Integrated Project-Based Learning: A Focus on Social Arithmetic Material for Middle School Students

The study's goal is to find out about the Pancasila student profile strengthening project module based on project-based learning on social arithmetic material and to explain how it was made, what its prototype looked like, how valid it was, how practical it was, and how effective it was. This type of research involves the development of a 4D model. The subjects of this study were (mathematics teachers, students at Public Middle School 33 Makassar) and (mathematics teachers, students at Public Middle School 6 Makassar). This development research uses a 4D development model consisting of four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The study's results show that (1) at the definition stage, it was learned that there was no P5 module related to a math topic or material, that students were not interested in learning on their own, and that pupils did not understand the concepts. (2) Design stage: During this phase, we produced prototype 1, which was the initial module design. (3) Development: The module is now in the valid category, and the module development trial is at the practical level. This is based on how teachers and students responded to the module, how students responded to learning, observations of how the module was used, and results from learning outcome tests that showed how effective the module was. (4) Disseminate: At this stage, a summative evaluation is done to make sure that the module is useful and can improve learning outcomes. Next, they package the module and disseminate it.

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy and conventional thyroidectomy: a single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial

Aim: We aimed to test the hypothesis that minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) affords comparable safety and efficacy as open conventional surgery in patients with unilateral thyroid nodules or follicular lesions in terms of cosmetic results, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative pain, and hospital stay. Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial compared MIVAT with conventional thyroidectomy. The primary endpoints of the study were measurement of postoperative pain after 24 and 48 hours and cosmetic outcome 3 months postoperatively. The secondary outcome measures were operative time, incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, length of incision, and hospital stay. Results: Operative time was less with open thyroidectomy than with MIVAT, while MIVAT was associated with less pain 24 hours postoperatively. Pain score showed statistically significant differences in favor of MIVAT after 24 hours. MIVAT was associated with less scarring and more satisfaction with cosmetic results. There was no difference between both procedures for presence of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion: MIVAT is a safe procedure that produces outcomes similar to those of open thyroidectomy, and is superior in terms of immediate postoperative pain and cosmetic results Keywords: endoscopic neck surgery, mini-incision

Topic: Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High‐Temperature Deformation Behavior of Synthetic Polycrystalline Magnetite

Abstract We performed a series of deformation experiments on synthetic magnetite aggregates to characterize the high‐temperature rheological behavior of this mineral under nominally dry and hydrous conditions. Grain growth laws for magnetite were additionally determined from a series of static annealing tests. Synthetic magnetite aggregates were formed by hot isostatic pressing of fine‐grained magnetite powder at 1,100 °C temperature and 300‐MPa confining pressure for 20 hr, resulting in polycrystalline material with a mean grain size around 40 μm and containing 2–4% porosity. Samples were subsequently deformed to axial strains of up to 10% under constant load conditions at temperatures between 900 and 1,150 °C in a triaxial deformation apparatus under 300‐MPa confining pressure at applied stresses in the range of 8–385 MPa or in a uniaxial creep rig at atmospheric pressure with stresses of 1–15 MPa. The aggregates exhibit typical power‐law creep behavior with a mean stress exponent of 3 at high stresses, indicating a dislocation creep mechanism and a transition to near‐Newtonian creep with a mean stress exponent of 1.1 at lower stresses. The presence of water in the magnetite samples resulted in significantly enhanced static grain growth and strain rates. Best‐fit flow laws to the data indicate activation energies of around 460 and 310 kJ/mol for dislocation and diffusion creep of nominally dry magnetite, respectively. Based on the experimentally determined flow laws, magnetite is predicted to be weaker than most major silicate phases in relatively dry rocks such as oceanic gabbros during high‐temperature crustal deformation.

Topic: High-pressure geophysics and materials
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Types Affecting European Countries—A Review

Since its first detection in Europe in the 1940s, infectious bronchitis virus has continued to be one of the major respiratory pathogens affecting the European poultry industry. The development of effective and widely used vaccines for both broilers (live attenuated) and breeders and layers (live attenuated and inactivated) helped improve the health and welfare of poultry but never eliminated the problem. The main reason is the continual emergence of new infectious bronchitis variants (serotypes or genotypes). This review discusses the most prevalent genotypes of the last few decades in Europe. Some of these genotypes seem to be local European types; others have an origin outside Europe.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Asymmetric‐double‐sided modulation for fast load transition in a semi‐dual‐active‐bridge converter

To eliminate the dc bias current generated during load‐change transition, the asymmetric‐double‐sided modulation (ADSM) control is applied to a semi‐dual‐active‐bridge converter. Although the converter has three main different operation modes, the ADSM control can effectively remove the dc bias current during load‐change transition among different modes in one or two high‐frequency cycles. Theoretical analyses for different cases of transition are presented. Verifications through experimental test are also included. Besides the effectiveness, the involved calculation in ADSM control is quite simple and the only needed parameter is the converter voltage gain, which makes it easy for actual implementation.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Feminism and Disability

This article has its roots in a series of seminars on Researching Physical Disability, funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. As a feminist I should have felt a sense of unity with other feminist researchers attending the seminars and there certainly were occasions when a sense of sisterly solidarity prevailed against the way that some of the male participants operated. As a disabled woman, however, I felt a deep sense of alienation from the nondisabled feminists present and anger that there seemed to be an assumption that they were 'on the same side' as me. This alienation and anger comes from the failure of feminism to integrate the concerns of disabled women into its theory, methodology, research and politics. My sense of alienation also extends to Feminist Review for, looking at my copies of back issues of this journal, the only reference to disability is a book review which I myself wrote in 1989. (Nasa Begum's article Disabled Women and the FeministAgenda, was published in FR40 after this article was written.) My confidence that this is an appropriate forum for this article falters. Yet I believe that feminism itself is the poorer for its failure to address the concerns of disabled women. Coming at it from another angle, I also believe that feminist theory and methodology has a major contribution to make to disability research. The alienation and anger that I feel stem from two characteristics of feminism: firstly, the way in which disability is generally invisible in terms of feminism's mainstream agenda; secondly, the way in which, when disability is a subject for research by feminists, the researchers fail to take on the subjective reality of disabled people, instead objectifying us so that the research is alienated from our experience.

Topic: Disability Rights and Representation
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Trusting to a Fault: Criminal Negligence and Faith Healing Deaths

Faith healing deaths occur infrequently in Canada, but when they do they pose a considerable challenge for criminal justice. Similar to caregivers who absent-mindedly and fatally forget a child in a hot vehicle, faith healers do not intentionally harm their children. It can seem legally excessive and unjust to prosecute achingly bereaved parents. But unlike ‘hot-car’ deaths, faith healing parents are not absent minded in the deaths they cause. Rather, significant deliberation and strength of will is necessary to treat their child’s ailment with faith alone. Two different Criminal Code provisions can be brought to bear upon these deaths, namely, s. 215 ‘Failing to provide the necessaries of life’ and s. 219 ‘Criminal negligence’. From a public, medical, and scientific perspective treating potentially fatal ailments with ‘faith’ and ‘prayer’ seems like reckless endangerment, giving apparent justification to the more serious criminal negligence charge. But, the fault element in the criminal negligence offence continues to be a vexing issue in Canadian jurisprudence. People accused of negligence-based offences are commonly held to the standard of what a reasonable person might predictably have done in similar circumstances. While it is unnecessary for the impartial trier of fact to conceive of faith healing as ‘reasonable’, it is an open question whether faith healers are sufficiently unreasonable to warrant serious criminal condemnation and possible incarceration when their course of action causes death. Is it justifiable to think of faith healers who cause death as criminally unreasonable? That is, do they depart markedly enough from the standard that criminal negligence is rightly attributed to them? Public attitudes toward religion, religious fundamentalism, and healthcare must be considered when trying to discern what a reasonable person does when treating an ailing child at risk of death.

Topic: Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Association of the family environment with behavioural and cognitive outcomes in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Family environment in children with 22q11DS

Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at risk for social-behavioural and neurocognitive sequelae throughout development. The current study examined the impact of family environmental characteristics on social-behavioural and cognitive outcomes in this pediatric population.

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: star formation rates, red sequence fractions and the persistent bimodality, MNRAS 424

Using galaxy group/cluster catalogs created from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we examine in detail the specific star formation rate (SSFR) distribution of satellite galaxies and its dependence on stellar mass, host halo mass, and halo-centric radius. All galaxies, regardless of central-satellite designation, exhibit a similar bimodal SSFR distribution, with a strong break at SSFR ≈ 10−11 yr−1 and the same high SSFR peak; in no regime is there ever an excess of galaxies in the ‘green valley’. Satellite galaxies are simply more likely to lie on the quenched (‘red sequence’) side of the SSFR distribution. Furthermore, the satellite quenched fraction excess above the field galaxy value is nearly independent of galaxy stellar mass. An enhanced quenched fraction for satellites persists in groups with halo masses down to 3 × 1011 M and increases strongly with halo mass and toward halo center. We find no detectable quenching enhancement for galaxies beyond ∼ 2Rvir around massive clusters once these galaxies have been decomposed into centrals and satellites. These trends imply that (1) galaxies experience no significant environmental effects until they cross within ∼ Rvir of a more massive host halo, (2) after this, star formation in active satellites continues to evolve in the same manner as active central galaxies for several Gyrs, and (3) once begun, satellite star formation quenching occurs rapidly. These results place strong constraints on satellite-specific quenching mechanisms, as we will discuss further in companion papers.

Topic: Nostalgia and Consumer Behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Corn Stalks-Derived Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides: Extraction and Purification

Nowadays, agricultural biomass is one the most valuable sources of natural polysaccharides. In addition to primary agricultural goods, agricultural waste is abundant, diverse, and renewable and can also be utilized as raw material for the production of polysaccharides and their derivatives. The extraction and purification of agri-waste-derived polysaccharides involves multiple processes that can vary depending on the type of raw material and the specific polysaccharides targeted. This study proposes a particular pathway from corn waste to hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which involves alkaline treatment and several physicochemical separation/purification phases using precipitation and ion exchange resins (Purolite A400, Purolite A100+, Purolite C100H). The ion exchange separation stage was optimized to retain most of the acid-soluble lignin derivatives from the extraction liquors. The process parameters considered for optimization included the solid (resin) liquid (black liquor pH 4.5) ratio, contact time, and temperature. These ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 g·mL−1, 30 to 180 min, and 20 to 50 °C, respectively. The chemical composition of the separated hemicelluloses varied from 44.43 to 75.28% for xylan, 2.43 to 3.93% for glucan, 1.86 to 2.44% for galactan and 8.93 to 12.68% for arabinan. The total carbohydrate content increased from 57.65 to 96.3%.

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rebalancing of the skin microbiome with an emollient 'plus' for effective management of atopic dermatitis: A mini review.

A balanced and diverse skin microbiome is pivotal for healthy skin. Dysregulation of the skin microbiome could disrupt the skin barrier function and result in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder. Given the role that the skin microbiome plays in the initiation and maintenance of AD, maintaining a healthy skin microbiome is crucial for effective disease management. Specifically, current guidelines recommend emollients as the treatment mainstay in maintaining a functional skin barrier across disease severity. Emollient 'plus' or therapeutic moisturisers have recently emerged as the next-generation emollients that specifically aim to rebalance the skin microbiome and subsequently improve AD lesions. This article provides a quick overview of an emollient 'plus' or therapeutic moisturiser, discussing the clinical efficacy and tolerability of Lipikar Baume AP+M as a companion in AD management.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1281: EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENCE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS RECEIVING INSULIN THERAPY

Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Topic: Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery

Objective To discusse the application of ultrasonic diagnosis of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm(PSA) and the clinical value of ultrasound-guided downward pressure in the treatment.Method 15 patients with femoral artery PSA were given compression repair treatment under ultrasound-guided.Results Ultrasound-guided compression therapy was successful in 14 cases,pressing time was 20 min~70 min,1 cases of PSA from the superficial femoral artery had not been fully repaired by compression because the tumor was too large,but been repaired by Thrombin injection therapy.No complications such as arterial thrombosis or embolism happened.Conclusion Ultrasound has high value in the diagnosis of femoral artery PSA,and it is simple,safe,fast,effective,non-invasive in guiding compression repair of femoral artery PSA.It can be used as the preferred treatment method,more intuitive,dynamic monitoring in the treatment process.

Topic: Vascular Procedures and Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences