jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of public procurement of R&D on the innovation process : Evidence from the UK Small Business Research Initiative

PurposeThe study aims to investigate how pre-commercial procurement (PCP) influences the activities, capabilities and behaviours of actors participating in the innovation process. Unlike much of PCP research underpinned by a market failure theoretical framework that evaluates the additionality of innovation inputs and outputs, this paper focusses on the role and capacity of PCP in addressing systemic failures impeding the process of innovation. Design/methodology/approachPCP effects on the innovation process were studied through a qualitative study of the UK small business research initiative (SBRI) programme. Data collection comprised 33 semi-structured interviews with key informants within 30 organisations and analysis of 80-plus secondary data sources. Interviewees included executives of technology-based small businesses, managers within public buying organisations and innovation policymakers and experts. FindingsThe UK SBRI improves connectivity and instigates research and development (R&D) related interactions and cooperation. Through securing government R&D contracts, small firms access relevant innovation ecosystems, build up their knowledge and capabilities and explore possible routes to market. Public organisations use the SBRI to connect to innovative small firms and access their sets of expertise and novel ideas. They also learn to appreciate the strategic role of procurement. Nonetheless, SBRI-funded small business face commercialisation and innovation adoption challenges because of institutional constraints pertaining to rules, regulations and public-sector norms of conduct. Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to existing PCP research by demonstrating innovation process-related effects of PCP policies. It also complements literature on small business-friendly public procurement measures by highlighting the ways through which PCP, rather than commercial procurement procedures, can support the development of small businesses other than just facilitating their access to government (R&D) contracts.Social implicationsThe study identifies several challenge areas that policymakers should address to improve the implementation of the UK SBRI programme. Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the effects of PCP on the activities, capabilities and behaviours of small businesses and public buying organisations involved in the innovation process.

Topic: Public Procurement and Policy
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Magnesium Sulfate for Severe Acute Asthma in Children

Magnesium is an abundant intracellular cation that has been used for years in the treatment of hyper-tension and seizures associated with eclampsia of pregnancy as well as used as a tocolytic agent. 1 Over sixty years ago, Haury showed that magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) could produce bronchodilation in asthmatics. 2 However, interest in magnesium sulfate as a potential therapy for acute asthma surfaced in the late 1980s following a series of studies demonstrating that magnesium produced dose-dependent bronchodilation. The precise mechanism by which magnesium produces smooth muscle relaxation is not known, but it is thought to act by enhancing calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3 and/or as a calcium antagonist. 4 In addition, magnesium is a cofactor regulating a number of enzymatic and cellular activities in the body, including adenyl cyclase and sodium-potassium ATP-ase, potentially enhancing the effects of β2-agonists. 5 Other potential beneficial mechanisms in asthma include inhibition of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerves 6 and reduction of histamine release from mast cells. 7 It is not clear whether magnesium acts as a functional antagonist to bronchoconstriction like the β2-agonists and theophylline or a specific antagonist like anticholinergics and antihistamines. Studies showing attenuation of the bronchoconstriction from histamine and methacholine would suggest functional antagonism. 8,9 Some suggest that the response to intravenous magnesium sulfate is dependent upon achieving serum magnesium concentrations of 4–6 mg/dL (1.6–2.4 mmol/L). 10 These values are similar to those that are employed to achieve tocolysis (4–8 mg/dL) and about one half those associated with severe toxicity of respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias and death (12–15 mg/ dL). 1 It should be pointed out that studies have not reported lower magnesium concentrations in asthmatics than controls although one study reported correlation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and intracellular magnesium concentrations in asthmatics. 11–13 Thus, it is unlikely that the bronchodilator response to magnesium is a result of restoring normal homeostasis but most likely a function of its direct antagonistic effects on intracellular calcium activity.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Performance Analysis For Yamula Downstream Gravity And Pump Irrigation Association

This study was conducted for performance assessment of the Yamula Downstream Gravity and Pump Irrigation Association, operating in the province of Kayseri, covering 2018-2022. The association's performance was evaluated using some performance indicators recommended by the International Program for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID). Performance evaluation included indicators such as the amount of irrigation water distributed per unit irrigated area, irrigation ratio, sustainable irrigation area ratio, irrigation network density, water supply ratio, irrigation fee collection ratio, and irrigation network personnel density. The amount of irrigation water distributed per unit irrigated area ranged from 3957.7 m3/ha to 5746.6 m3/ha, irrigation ratios ranged from 58.5% to 95.6%, sustainable irrigation area ratios ranged from 1.05 to 1.71, irrigation network densities ranged from 20.0 to 32.6 ha/km, water supply ratios ranged from 0.64 to 1.02, and irrigation fee collection ratios ranged from 80% to 84%. The irrigation network personnel density was determined to be 10.3 km/personnel, as there was no change in the number of employees. With the increasing demand for water due to recent droughts, efficient use of every drop of water is inevitable, particularly in the agricultural sector, which is the largest water user. Therefore, performance analysis in irrigation associations, which are the planners and distributors of water, plays a key role in sustainability.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect Of Hormone For In Vitro Propagation Of Asparagus Racemosus Wild.

<em>Asparagus racemosus </em>Wild. is an undershrub, climber which is extremely branched with woody stem and spines like reduced leaves. It founds in tropical and sub-tropical region of Nepal up to 1500 meter above sea level. <em>A. racemosus</em> Wild. is an endangered species widely used in modern drug development and Ayurveda as well. The subculture explant shows responses to the different concentration of hormone. The composition of MS + 0.5 mg/l BAP and MS + NAA 0.5 mg/l + kinetin 1 mg/l most significant for shoot multiplication. Over them, the composition MS = 0.01 mg/l NAA + 1.0 mg/l BAP along with MS + 0.5 mg/l NAA = 1.5 mg/l kinetin is effective for the development of shoot in <em>Asparagus racemosus</em>. The hormone play important role on the regeneration of shoot <em>in vitro</em> condition. The knowledge of hormonal requirement help to promote the development and growth of endangered plants for their rapid propagation.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Traditional molasses production from different plants in Anatolia and its ethnobotanical features

Türkiye&#039;de yaygın olarak üretilen pekmez, insanlar tarafından sevilen, genellikle sade veya geleneksel kahvaltılık olarak tüketilen bir üründür. Pekmez, geleneksel olarak üzüm, dut, incir, elma ve şeker pancarı gibi glikoz içeren meyvelerden sıvı veya katı formda imal edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye&#039;nin farklı bölgelerinde geleneksel olarak üretim yapılan 18 çeşit pekmez çeşidi tespit edilmiştir. Anket 53 il ve 74 ilçede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu alanlardan pekmez türleri gözlemlenmiş ve yerel halkla yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerle yöresel isim, tıbbi kullanımları ve üretim yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Pekmez üretimi yerel bölge halkı için önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. Pekmez yapmak için toplanan meyve ve bitkisel malzemeler, başta maddi güçlük çeken işsizler olmak üzere yöre köylüleri tarafından doğrudan toplanmaktadır. Anadolu&#039;da hemen hemen her ilde üzüm pekmezi gıda amaçlı tüketilirken, özellikle Ardıç, Çam ve Keçiboynuzu sağlık amaçlı tüketilmektedir. Ayrıca, Anadolu&#039;da çok dar bir alanda üretilen Gezo (Meşe) pekmezi; meşe palamudu ve yapraklarından üretilen ilginç bir pekmezdir.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The importance of selenium in the living world and in the scientific research

Presently, selenium (Se) is one of the most investigated microelements. It has an important proven role in many vital processes. Directly or indirectly, selenium deficiency can play a role in the development of many diseases. On the other hand, the concentration range in which selenium is essential is narrow; there is a narrow gap between necessary and toxic content in dietary intake. In this context, selenium contamination poses a further health risk for people if they live near the industrial areas and mining activity.In this paper, we comprehensively introduce the very important trace element selenium. We studied the base parameters, deposit, analytic and deficiencies, problem of contamination and also the solution of contamination problems of selenium.

Topic: Selenium in Biological Systems
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Experiences of self-disclosure among tuberculosis patients in rural Southern Malawi

Tuberculosis (Tb) is a significant public health problem in Southern Africa, largely as a consequence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Self-disclosure of diagnosis to others within the patients' social environment may be problematic because the diagnosis of Tb may attract stigma, largely derived from the association of this disease with HIV infection. In Malawi, there are limited reports of the diagnosis disclosure experiences of Tb patients.A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted in Thyolo, a rural southern Malawi district to: (1) explore the relationship of persons to whom Tb patients disclose their diagnoses; and (2) identify the motivations for such disclosures.Thirty-two adult Tb patients participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 22 to 49 years (median 31 years), and 19 were male. The majority of patients reported having disclosed their disease status to close family members, such as spouses, siblings and parents; only a few had disclosed their status to their children. The most common way of disclosure was through personal discussion between the patient and their significant others. Study participants perceived that disclosure brought returns in terms of encouragement and empowerment. Some patients felt stigmatized or feared stigmatization following disclosure of their disease status, and some patients on antiretroviral therapy for HIV felt stigmatized by fellow patients. Patient-to-patient interaction was perceived as a valuable resource in trying to cope with a Tb diagnosis.The findings of this study suggest that Tb patients in southern Malawi were interested in disclosing their Tb diagnosis if they felt they would not be stigmatized or stood to gain as a result of self-disclosure. Disclosure of diagnosis was facilitated by trust, a feeling of safety, and a sense of obligation to others. The perceived stigmatization of patients by other patients is cause for concern. This study calls for the health education of patients, with the intention of facilitating positive behaviors towards other patients.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Validation of the English language Forgotten Joint Score-12 as an outcome measure for total hip and knee arthroplasty in a British population

Aims To validate the English language Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) as a tool to evaluate the outcome of hip and knee arthroplasty in a United Kingdom population. Patients and Methods All patients undergoing surgery between January and August 2014 were eligible for inclusion. Prospective data were collected from 205 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 231 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Outcomes were assessed with the FJS-12 and the Oxford Hip and Knee Scores (OHS, OKS) pre-operatively, then at six and 12 months post-operatively. Internal consistency, convergent validity, effect size, relative validity and ceiling effects were determined. Results Data for the TKA and THA patients showed high internal consistency for the FJS-12 (Cronbach α = 0.97 in TKAs, 0.98 in THAs). Convergent validity with the Oxford Scores was high (r = 0.85 in TKAs, r = 0.79 for THAs). From six to 12 months, the change was higher for the FJS-12 than for the OHS in THA patients (effect size d = 0.21 versus -0.03). Ceiling effects at one-year follow-up were low for the FJS-12 with just 3.9% (TKA) and 8.8% (THA) of patients achieving the best possible score. Conclusion The FJS-12 has strong measurement properties in terms of validity, internal consistency and sensitivity to change in TKA and THA patients. Low ceiling effects and good relative validity allow the monitoring of longer term outcomes, particularly in well-performing groups after total joint arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:218–24.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gradient blow-up for dispersive and dissipative perturbations of the Burgers equation

We consider a class of dispersive and dissipative perturbations of the inviscid Burgers equation, which includes the fractional KdV equation of order $α$, and the fractal Burgers equation of order $β$, where $α, β\in [0,1)$, and the Whitham equation. For all $α, β\in [0,1)$, we construct solutions whose gradient blows up at a point, and whose amplitude stays bounded, which therefore display a "shock-like" singularity. We moreover provide an asymptotic description of the blow-up. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first proof of gradient blow-up for the fKdV equation in the range $α\in [2/3, 1)$, as well as the first description of explicit blow-up dynamics for the fractal Burgers equation in the range $β\in [2/3, 1)$. Our construction is based on modulation theory, where the well-known smooth self-similar solutions to the inviscid Burgers equation are used as profiles. A somewhat amusing point is that the profiles that are less stable under initial data perturbations (in that the number of unstable directions is larger) are more stable under perturbations of the equation (in that higher order dispersive and/or dissipative terms are allowed) due to their slower rates of concentration. Another innovation of this article, which may be of independent interest, is the development of a streamlined weighted $L^{2}$-based approach (in lieu of the characteristic method) for establishing the sharp spatial behavior of the solution in self-similar variables, which leads to the sharp Hölder regularity of the solution up to the blow-up time.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Albertino Mussato and Humanist Prophecy

The work of the Paduan humanist Albertino Mussato is the focus of this chapter. Mussato shared many of Nicholas Trevet’s views on the nature and purview of prophetic inspiration: he turned away from a predictive, apocalyptic understanding of prophecy and saw the workings of the Spirit in philosophical poetry, which combined harmonious expression with ethical import. Yet unlike Trevet, Mussato was a layman, and he staked his claim to prophetic status as a poet in opposition to much of scholastic and clerical tradition. Mussato thus became involved in a polemical exchange with a local Dominican more concerned with articulating limits than with furthering the implications of work such as Trevet’s. By insisting that the prophetic office could not be restricted to the professional theologian, Mussato encapsulated the complicated manner in which multiple strands of the medieval prophetic tradition intertwined.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I

The aim of the practical book “Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I" is to meet all B. Pharm students' requirements. IV semester/second year, hankering for the trial plans and procedural viewpoints associated with the subject Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I. The book has satisfied the prerequisites of the Education Guideline and Pharmacy council of India (PCI). Students and Pharmacy professionals can benefit from the book's usefulness as a reference. It will also be beneficial to standardize herbal medicines based on Physicochemical parameters. The lucid study of physicochemical and phytochemical parameters as well as the intermittent and preliminary steps of standardization of herbal drugs are covered in this book. It aims to cover as many practical aspects of the subject as possible in order to provide comprehensive information about the physicochemical evaluation parameters, such as morphology, microscopy, and chemical tests, illustrated by well-labeled diagrams.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Insider Threats

Violence threat and insider threat assessment rely on successfully identifying, interpreting, and responding to concerning or malicious behaviors before egregious harm is done. Both types of threats benefit from multidisciplinary teams of experts skillfully putting together data points before physical, emotional, financial, reputational, or informational harm occurs. Usually the identified character (e.g., decision-making, interpersonal style, work style), stressors, and concerning behaviors demonstrated do not clearly indicate whether a person will assault coworkers, steal classified/proprietary information, sabotage systems, or proceed normally as a responsible employee. Empirically based risk factors and threat indicators provide opportunities to evaluate potential threats more appropriately earlier in the assessment process. This chapter is an overview of insider threat definitions and programs, what it takes to become an insider threat, and how research psychologists bring rigorous science to insider threat detection, providing a solid understanding of what is known and not known about nonviolent insider threats.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polyphenols from the Rhizomes of Potentilla freyniana

A new polyphenol, Potentillanin A (1), together with two known compounds (2–3), was isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Potentilla freyniana. The structure of Potentillanin A (1) was elucidated by spectroscopicmethods.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 726154: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Effects of Core Neuromuscular Training versus Conservative Physical Therapy to Reduce Pain and Improve Functional Performance in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Running, stair climbing, jumping and squatting represent a few of the activities that can cause patellofemoral pain syndrome. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most typical causes of anterior knee discomfort in teenagers and persons below Sixty. Objective: To contrast the results of conservative physical treatment plus core neuromuscular training and conservative physical therapy alone. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study in which patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome were selected on the basis of convenience sampling from Government hospitals of Faisalabad after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were divided into Group A and Group B at random. Participants of Group A performed neuromuscular core training plus conservative physical therapy exercise program for 4 weeks while participants of group B performed conservative physical therapy exercise alone for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 27.0. Results: Following therapy, the pain level was substantially reduced in both of the groups (P < 0.05) with Intervention group showing better results. Similarly, there was improvement in scores of Kujala questionnaire in both groups after treatment (P< 0.05) but the results of Intervention group were comparatively better. Conclusions: There is significant effect of core neuromuscular training plus conservative physical therapy as compared to conservative physical therapy alone.

Topic: Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using of modular technology in teaching students

In accordance with modern trends of development of society it’s getting obvious that school needs of each student according to his inclinations, interests and abilities. As a result, there is an active search for innovative technologies that increase the motivation of learning activities that promote the independence of students. One of such systems that implement these requirements in practice is a technology of modular training.

Topic: Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and Structure of Derivatives of 9‐(2‐Oxopropyl)‐1,5‐dinitro‐7,8‐benzo‐3‐azabicyclo [3.3.1]non‐7‐en‐6‐ones.

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Topic: Synthesis and Reactivity of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences