jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Age‐related changes of proinsulin processing in diabetic and non‐diabetic Japanese individuals

Aim The present study was carried out to examine whether the insulin secretory mechanism deteriorates during the aging process using the new intact proinsulin assay system in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals. Methods A total of 172 participants were separated into four groups according to their age (&lt;64 years and &gt;65 years) and an association of type 2 diabetes; that is, 46 older diabetics (mean age 74.5 ± 6.2 years, glycated hemoglobin [National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program] 7.5 ± 1.3%), 27 older non‐diabetics (mean age 76.9 ± 7.5 years), 48 middle‐aged diabetics (mean age 50.8 ± 10.4, glycated hemoglobin 7.8 ± 1.5%) and 51 middle aged non‐diabetics (mean age 46.6 ± 13.0 years) participants were enrolled. Results The proinsulin/insulin (PI/I) ratio of the diabetic group was higher than that of the non‐diabetic group in the older group (0.19 ± 0.12 vs 0.11 ± 0.06, P = 0.002). In the middle‐aged groups, the PI/I ratio of the diabetic group was higher than that of the non‐diabetic group (0.16 ± 0.15 vs 0.09 ± 0.09, P = 0.003). Simple regression analysis showed that male sex (95% CI 0.02–0.01, P = 0.004), age (95% CI 0.00–0.002, P = 0.03), lower body mass index (95% CI −0.06 to 0.00, P = 0.02) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (95% CI 0.04–0.012, P &lt; 0.0001) were significantly associated with the increase in the PI/I ratio. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex and age were the independent factors determining the increase in the PI/I ratio in the non‐diabetic group. After adjusted for body mass index, the PI/I ratio correlated significantly with age only in the non‐diabetic group ( r = 0.5, P = 0.004). Conclusions The proinsulin processing system might deteriorate not only in diabetics, but also in non‐diabetic Japanese individuals with age. Also, sex‐related hormones can be protective for the proinsulin processing system. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1046–1050 .

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD 10O-AD25-NF #179884.2

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nietzsche, Democracy and Transcendence

Socialism, utilitarianism and democracy, are according to Nietzsche secularised versions of Christianity. They have continued the monomaniac one-sidedness of the Christian idea of what a human being is and should be, and they have even strengthened this monomania through its ‘immanentisation’. The article shows that this ‘immanentisation’ has a crucial importance for Nietzsche’s critique of democracy. This critique may suggest that Nietzsche’s alternative for the disappeared Christian faith is not only a more radical nipture from the religious past, but also a re-interpretation or recreation of the notion of transcendence that was implied in that faith.

Topic: Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, and Hegel
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised trial of the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane (I‐ <scp>TAP</scp> ) nerve block for elective caesarean section

Summary This study investigated the efficacy of a new ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block when used as a component of multimodal analgesia. We conducted a prospective, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised study of 100 women undergoing elective caesarean section. All women had spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine, 15 μg fentanyl and 150 μg morphine, as well as 100 mg diclofenac and 1.5 g paracetamol rectally. Women were randomly allocated to receive the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block or a sham block at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the difference in fentanyl patient‐controlled analgesia dose at 24 h. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, adverse effects and maternal satisfaction. The cumulative mean (95%CI) fentanyl dose at 24 h was 71.9 (55.6–92.7) μg in the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis group compared with 179.1 (138.5–231.4) μg in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Visual analogue scale pain scores averaged across time‐points were 1.9 (1.5–2.3) mm vs. 5.0 (4.3–5.9) mm (p = 0.006) at rest, and 4.7 (4.1–5.5) mm vs. 11.3 (9.9–13.0) mm (p = 0.001) on movement, respectively. Post‐hoc analysis showed that the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis group was less likely to use ≥ 1000 μg fentanyl compared with the control group (2% vs. 16%; p = 0.016). There were no differences in opioid‐related side‐effects or maternal satisfaction with analgesia. The addition of the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block provides superior analgesia to our usual multimodal analgesic regimen.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 12759’dan α-Amilazın Üretimi ve Kültür Koşullarının Optimizasyonu için Katı Faz Fermentasyonu

The aim of this paper is to study influence of the certain production parameters of α-amylase by Bacillus lic- heniformis ATCC 12759. Various agroresidues as substrate were studied for enzyme production. The highest enzyme production was expressed with rice bran as units per mass of dry substrate 1399.8±6.6 U/mg . Optimization parameters of α-amylase production were carried out with solid state fermentation SSF . Solid waste from rice bran used as the basic nutrient source. Supplementation with carbon and metal salt sources decrased the enzyme production. Certain fermentation parameters involving incubation time, incubation temperature, inoculum level, moisture level, extraction medium, initial pH and medim volume were studied separately. Maximal amount of α-amylase production 2094.9±53.1 U/mg was obtained inoculum level 30%, moisture level 20%, initial pH 6.5 at 37°C for 48 h with supplementation of ammonium cloride.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Professionalization of manual borehole drilling in Ghana

This paper provides an overview of the first steps in the professionalization of manual drilling in Ghana with the initial training of two manual drilling businesses. The training follows the approach outlined in the “Toolkit for the Professionalization of Manual Drilling in Africa” (UNICEF, 2010) and began with the selection of appropriate businesses followed by training in basic hydrogeology and rotary jetting. These business will be used by the USAID funded Ghana WASH Project to drill forty addition boreholes for the project under the supervision of trained well drillers. In addition to the well drilling businesses project staff and staff from a local NGO also received training so that they can act as supervisors and coaches to ensure that that quality of the drilled wells is maintained. Furthermore a local workshop has been trained to make the drilling tools to make sure that replacement tools will be available in Ghana.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Drug resistance of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its reversion].

Drug resistance of APL to ATRA is not related to mdr-1. It can be reversed by IFN-alpha. There is no cross-resistance between HHT or arsenic trioxide and ATRA.

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Eliciting parents’ decision-making to antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections: A discrete choice experiment

Parents' self-medication of antibiotics for children's URTIs was mainly driven by symptoms, followed by perceived antibiotic value. We recommend a multi-faceted intervention strategy to enhance parents' ability to differentiate mild from severe URTIs, as well as their knowledge of antibiotics.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Field Resistance of American Sycamore ‘Davis’ to Canker Pathogens

Abstract American sycamores ( Platanus occidentalis L.) are found in many ecosystems and planted in urban landscapes worldwide. The trees are highly susceptible to anthracnose and canker pathogens, causing leaf blight and branch dieback. On The Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio, an American sycamore was observed to thrive among many symptomatic sycamores. The healthy tree, subsequently protected as cultivar ‘Davis,’ was vegetatively propagated and tested for field resistance to natural infection of canker pathogens compared to the wildtype. Incidence and severity of leaf necrosis, incidence of dieback, and tree death were evaluated for 2 consecutive seasons. The incidence of leaf necrosis was disconnected from the incidence of dieback and tree mortality, as little to no leaves were produced on the wildtype trees. By the end of the second season, 7 out of 12 wildtype trees were dead, while all 12 ‘Davis’ trees were alive. Several canker pathogens were recovered from both ‘Davis’ and the wildtype, including Apiognomonia platani and Diaporthe eres . The latter had not been previously reported on American sycamore. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that D. eres is indeed pathogenic on sycamores and also that ‘Davis’ is significantly more resistant than wildtype to canker development and should be preferred over the wildtype in the urban landscape.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Automated Operational Orbit Determination for the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite Mission

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Total Fluoroscopy Time Reduction During Ultrasound- and Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Procedure: Importance of Adjusting the Puncture Angle

BACKGROUND The purpose of this observational cohort study was to assess patient and operator-dependent factors which could have an impact on total fluoroscopy time during ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between October 2016 and November 2020, 127 patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided PTBD with the right-sided intercostal approach. The initial bile duct puncture was ultrasound-guided in all patients, and the puncture angle was measured by ultrasound. Any subsequent steps of the procedure were performed under continuous fluoroscopy (15 fps). The patients were divided in 2 groups based on the puncture angle: ≤30° (group I) and >30° (group II). In a retrospective analysis, both groups were compared for inter- and intragroup variability, technical success, total fluoroscopy time, and complications. RESULTS In group II, the recorded total fluoroscopy time (232.20±140.94 s) was significantly longer than that in group I (83.44±52.61 s) (P<0.001). In both groups, total fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in cases with a lesser degree of bile duct dilatation, intrahepatic bile duct tortuosity, presence of liver metastases, and multiple intrahepatic bile duct strictures. CONCLUSIONS The initial bile duct puncture angle was identified as an operator-dependent factor with the possible impact on total fluoroscopy time. The puncture angle of less than 30° was positively correlated with overall procedure efficacy and total fluoroscopy time reduction.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
User Interface Dependability through Goal-Error Prevention

User interfaces form a critical coupling between humans and computers. When the interface fails, the user fails, and the mission is lost. For example, in computer security applications, human-made configuration errors can expose entire systems to various forms of attack. To avoid interaction failures, a dependable user interface must facilitate the speedy and accurate completion of user tasks. Defects in the interface cause user errors (e.g., goal, plan, action and perception errors), which impinge on speed and accuracy goals, and can lead to mission failure. One source of user error is poor information representation in the interface. This can cause users to commit a specific class of errors – goal errors. A design principle (anchor-based subgoaling) for mitigating this cause was formulated. The principle was evaluated in the domain of setting Windows file permissions. The native Windows XP file permissions interface, which did not support anchorbased subgoaling, was compared to an alternative, called Salmon, which did. In an experiment with 24 users, Salmon achieved as much as a four-fold increase in accuracy for a representative task and a 94 % reduction in the number of goal errors committed, compared to the XP interface. 1

Topic: Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Carbon isotope analysis in apple nectar beverages

The aims of this study were to use the isotope analysis method to quantify the carbon of C3 photosynthetic cycle in commercial apple nectars and to determine the legal limit to identify the beverages that do not conform to the safety standards established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. These beverages (apple nectars) were produced in the laboratory according to the Brazilian legislation. Adulterated nectars were also produced with an amount of pulp juice below the permitted threshold limit value. The δ13C values of the apple nectars and their fractions (pulp and purified sugar) were measured to quantify the C3 source percentage. In order to demonstrate the existence of adulteration, the values found were compared to the limit values established by the Brazilian Law. All commercial apple nectars analyzed were within the legal limits, which enabled to identify the nectars that were in conformity with the Brazilian Law. The isotopic methodology developed proved efficient to quantify the carbon of C3 origin in commercial apple nectars.

Topic: Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anxiety During Employment-Seeking for Autistic Adults

Background/Objectives: Autistic adults are more likely to be unemployed compared to neurotypical adults and those with disability. To address these poorer employment outcomes, it is important to consider factors that may be impacting on autistic adults’ employment outcomes. Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition for autistic adults; however, there is little research on how anxiety affects or influences autistic people’s experience across the employment-seeking process. The aim of this study was to explore whether anxiety is perceived to affect autistic adults’ ability to engage in employment-seeking tasks. Methods: Online, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 autistic adults (22–52 years) who were actively seeking employment or had sought employment in the last 18 months. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were generated from the data analysis. Theme 1, Finding the “sweet spot”, identified some level of anxiety—but not too much—was helpful in performing the employment-seeking tasks and this “spot” could vary depending on the person and the task. Theme 2, Anxiety affects the ability to perform and function, encapsulates the autistic person’s experience when anxiety is too high. The third theme, The “vicious cycle” of anxiety and employment-seeking behaviours, explores participants’ ongoing experience of anxiety on their employment-seeking behaviours. Conclusions: The findings suggest that autistic job candidates would benefit from tailored accommodations and adjustments offered throughout the recruitment process, to reduce anxiety and improve employment-seeking outcomes for autistic candidates.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A CASE OF ADVANCED GALLBLADDER CANCER RESPONDING EFFECTIVELY TO CHEMOTHERAPY MAINLY COMPOSED OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF OK-432

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of loss of appetite and jaundice. Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) and CT-scan on admission revealed a 33 mm×26 mm sized mass of the gallbladder associated with regional metastatic lymph nodes and complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct. On the 9th hospital day gastrojejunostomy and PTC drainage via left hepatic duct were performed. The patient received both of 5 FU (500 mg) and MMC (10 mg) intravenously on the 4th postoperative day and OK-432 (5KE) orally twice a week for about 5 weeks from the 10th postoperative day. On the 20th posttherapeutic day by OK-432, common bile duct was patent to duodenum and a very rare type of the abnormal connection between the choledochus and pancreatic duct (Kimuras' classification: I type; Sanos' classification: α type; Ohi's classification: A type) was recognized by PTC. CT-scan revealed that the size of gallbladder cancer was diminished and regional metastatic lymph nodes were vanished on the 30th posttherapeutic day by OK-432.In conclusion, from the above mentioned, oral administration of OK-432 may be effective for advanced cancer of the digestive organs.

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Simultaneous Analysis of Eight Catechins in Tea Drinks by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of catechins in tea drink were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in this study. The polyphenols of green-tea leaves are composed of four major catechins : ( − )-epicatechin (EC), ( − )-epigallocatechin (EGC), ( − )-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and ( − )-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Bottled teas contain not only these epicatechins, but also their epimers : namely ( + )-catechin (C), ( − )-gallocatechin (GC), ( − )-catechin gallate (CG), and ( − )-gallocatechin gallate (GCG). Although the GC/MS is an analytical method useful for identification of unknown compounds, the simultaneous determination of these eight catechins has not been reported because of difficulty in separation between CG and GCG. GC/MS analysis under the analytical condition proposed in this study showed that the eight catechins could be successfully separated and identified. This analysis was very useful for discrimination between a hot water extract of tea leaves and bottled tea, and was applicable to discrimination between green tea and other types of teas, such as oolong tea and black tea.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Case Study of Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation Causing a Systemic Inflammatory Response Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia

Percutaneous RFA of hepatic malignancies causes an inflammatory and endocrine activation, similar to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These effects have to be taken in account when dealing with patients susceptible to sepsis or multi-organ failure.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Massive hemoperitoneum in case of large subserosal fibroid- a rare case report

Rupture of veins on the surface of uterine leiomyoma is an extremely uncommon gynaecological cause of haemoperitoneum. It is a life-threating emergency. In most cases, bleeding is a result of trauma or torsion. Here we report a case of massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage due to rupture of vessels on the surface of large sub-serous leiomyoma to stress on the fact that a differential diagnosis of rupture of surface vessels in a fibroid should be considered while dealing with a case of haemoperitoneum with pelvic masses

Topic: Case Reports on Hematomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low-temperature spin Coulomb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas

The phenomenon of low-temperature spin Coulomb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas is investigated. The spin transresistivity coefficient is essentially enhanced in the diffusive regime, as compared to conventional predictions. The origin of this enhancement is the quantum coherence of spin-up and spin-down electrons propagating in the same random impurity potential and coupled via the Coulomb interaction. A comprehensive analysis of spin and interlayer Coulomb drag effects is presented.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and analysis of a conceptual wavelength-division multiplexing optical network based on self-similarity

We propose a novel multilevel wavelength-division multiplexing optical network based on the concept of self-similarity to simplify network structure and operation. Our approach lies on a simple network topology as well as an efficient wavelength management scheme being uniformly applied to all network levels. The proposed network is a compound packet-switched and wavelength-routed network with packet switching performed on the bottom level and wavelength routing on all upper levels. This network retains the efficiency of packet-switched networks and the simplicity of wavelength-routed networks. Switching operations are concentrated at some special nodes in the multilevel network, significantly simplifying the node configuration and wavelength routing. Moreover, the idea of bands is applied to unify wavelength management on all network levels. Network analysis is performed to assess the feasibility of our approach. A queueing model using the quality of service enhanced optical burst switching protocol is employed to analyze the blocking performance of the proposed network. Also, the numerical results based on the queueing model are provided.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Successful Treatment of Annulo-aortic Ectasia Associated with DeBakey's Type IIIb Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm.

症例は52歳の男性で annulo-aortic ectasia (AAE), AR III°, 慢性IIIb型解離性大動脈瘤の手術目的にて入院した. 心電図にてV4～V6の陰性T波, 左室肥大を認めた. 大動脈造影検査ではAR III/IV°で大動脈基部は著明に拡大していた. 胸部CTでは遠位弓部大動脈に最大径63mmの解離性大動脈瘤を認めた. 手術侵襲を考え二期的手術を予定したが, Bentall 手術を先行させた場合には解離性大動脈瘤が破裂する危険性が残り, いっぽう動脈瘤の手術を先行させた場合には術後急性心不全の発症が危惧された. そこで, Bentall 手術, 上行弓部人工血管置換, 遠位側吻合に elephant trunk 法を選択し二期的手術を予定しつつ, entry を閉鎖することにより偽腔への血流減少を期待する術式を選択した. 術後の画像検査では elephant trunk とした人工血管により entry は閉鎖され胸部の偽腔は血栓化していた. 症例を選択すれば有用な方法となりうると考えられた.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences