jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Silicon carbide low temperature sintering: the particle size effect of raw materials and sintering additive

Abstract Aiming at dense sintering of silicon carbide ceramic, magnesium alloy powder was taken as additive, and silicon carbide powders with two different particle size were sintered by the same hot pressure sintering process. Result shows that ceramic sintered by the powder with larger particle size is denser. Magnesium and carbon segregation is observed in the sample prepared by powder with smaller particle size, in which silicon carbide particles cannot be uniformly dispersed by sintering additives. However, sintering additives distribute homogeneously among silicon carbide particles in the sample prepared by powder with larger particle size, which can effectively play a bonding role. In the selection of liquid phase sintering additives, particle size matching of raw material and sintering additives should be emphasized.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rituximab for the first-line treatment of stage III/IV follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of rituximab for the first-line treatment of stage III/IV follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (FNHL) based upon the manufacturer’s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The manufacturer’s scope restricts the intervention to rituximab in combination with CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone) (R-CVP); the only comparator used was CVP alone. The evidence from the one included randomised controlled trial (RCT) suggests that the addition of rituximab to a CVP chemotherapy regimen has a positive effect on the outcomes of time to treatment failure, disease progression, overall tumour response, duration of response and time to new lymphoma treatment in patients with stage III/IV FNHL compared with CVP alone. Adverse events were comparable between the two arms. This study was confirmed as the only relevant RCT. The economic analyses provided by the manufacturer were modelled using a three-state Markov model with with the health states being defined as progression-free survival (PFS), progressed (in which patients have relapsed) and death (which is an absorbing state). The model generated results for a cohort of patients with an initial age of 53 and makes no distinction between men and women. The model is basic in design, with several serious design flaws and key parameter values that are probably incompatible. Attempting to rectify the identified errors and limitations of the model did not increase the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) above £30,000. Although the cost-effectiveness results obtained appear to be compelling in support of R-CVP compared with CVP for the trial population the results may not be so convincing for a more representative population. The results of the ERG analysis on the impact of age suggest that ICERs increase steadily with age, as the proportion of PFS that can be converted to overall survival (OS) is diminished by rising mortality rates in the general population. For the most extreme scenario (no OS gain) the ICER appears to remain below £30,000 per QALY gained. On balance the evidence indicates that R-CVP is more cost-effective than CVP. The guidance issued by NICE in July 2006 as a result of the STA states that rituximab within its licensed indication (in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone) is recommended as an option for the treatment of symptomatic stage III/IV follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in previously untreated patients.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
10. Of Time and the Textbooks

Is the latest textbook necessarily the most up-to-date? Twelve new (since mid-1956) textbooks on basic national government were found to contain little or no reference to two new developments of some import. The author concludes that the latest text provides instructors with no reliable substitute for individual initiative in keeping informed.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Case of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Posterior Paranasal Sinuses

We report a case of metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the posterior paranasal sinuses. A 75-year-old man who had had a left nephrectomy six months previously due to a renal cancer, visited our hospital with a complaint of severe nasal bleeding. On examination, he had a mass in the left olfactory cleft. CT and MRI showed an abnormal shadow occupying the bilateral sphenoid sinuses with extension to the left posterior ethmoid cells. A biopsy revealed a metastatic clear cell carcinoma from the renal cancer. The patient underwent selective intraarterial embolization of bilateral maxillary arteries and left ascending pharyngeal artery, followed by the removal of the tumor using a complete rhinotomy approach. He has remained well for 15 months postoperatively without evidence of recurrence.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radiation from the Forced Harmonic Vibrations of a Clamped Circular Plate in an Acoustic Fluid

The forced harmonic vibrations of a solid circular plate clamped to a rigid infinite baffle and bounded on one side of an inviscid fluid of infinite extent is considered. The motion in the plate is described by the Mindlin-Timoshenko theory, which includes the effects of transverse shear and rotatory inertia. The external force, which is applied from the in vacuo side of the plate, can have any spatial distribution. The solution is obtained with the use of orthogonal functions which result from transforming the polar cylindrical coordinates describing the fluid motion into oblate spheroidal coordinates and the solution to the in vacuo vibrations of the clamped plate. This method of solution removes all previous restrictions regarding the solution of this problem, namely, boundary conditions of the plate, symmetry of loading, applicable frequency range, and extensive numerical calculations for the determination of the complete nearfield pressure. Expressions are obtained for the near- and farfield pressure in the fluid and the radiated power from the plate-fluid surface. A numerical case for a concentrated load at the center of the plate is presented.

Topic: Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Containing Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octane Unit

We have designed and synthesized a new series of liquid crystalline compounds with hybridized three-ring system based on bicyclo[2.2.2]octane unit together with fluorine substituted phenyl and biphenyl fragments. The key stages of the synthesis are alkylation of substituted benzene in concentrated sulfuric acid by bicyclo[2.2.2]octanoles and further cross-coupling between 3,4-difluorophenylboronic acid and the alkylation product. The influence of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane unit position in mesogenic core and fluorine substituents onto a phase transitions of the liquid crystals is discussed.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
B&amp; R. 5.22.15. Pope Francis Encyc

Pope Francis will release his encyclical on the moral dimension of the climate crisis in June.On this Bread and Roses Show we explore the impacts of this encyclical on the debate and process leading toward the December U.N. Framework Agreement Conference in Paris.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoaristeromycin from D‐Glucose.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Emerging Literacies in Online Learning

Online learning is becoming integral to the experience of increasing numbers of students in higher education. This can range from courses delivered entirely online through to different manifestations of e-learning where students study part of their course electronically, or to simple e-mail exchanges between tutors and students. Despite the written nature of the texts produced in these learning environments, to date little attention has been paid to them as writing. In response, this paper is concerned with the written construction of meaning making in online learning. Building on the perspective that literacies are central to the learning experience, it draws on data from student messages, to each other, in an online postgraduate course in professional education and argues that we should approach these online textual interactions as sites of academic writing. The paper highlights evidence of ‘intertextuality’, ‘metadiscourse’ and ‘epistemic modality’ in students’ message postings. It suggests that in foregrounding these textual features it is possible to unpack the nature of the writing and emerging literacies in online learning. It concludes that student messages are institutionally significant spaces for the negotiation of ownership and authority in the meaning making process

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer stage C MAC. Adverse effects and efficacy in the Department of Oncology, Soroka Medical Center in the years 1991-1994].

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a consensus conference which recommended 5-FU and levamisole as adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer MAC (Modified Astler Coller) stage C. From 1991-1994, 37 such patients diagnosed here were treated with 5-FU (intravenous dose of 450/mg/m2/d for 5 days and from day 29, once a week for 48 weeks) and oral levamisole (50 mg 3 times/d. for 3 days, every 2 weeks for a year), as suggested by NIH guidelines. 16 patients were males and 21 were females, mean age was 62 years and median 64. Cancer locations were: right colon (in 16, 43%), left colon (19, 51%), multiple colon primaries (2, 1%). 25 (68%) had 1-3 positive lymph nodes and 12 (32%) had 4 or more positive lymph nodes. Only 20 (54%) finished treatment as prescribed. In the others, 1 or both drugs caused side-effects for which the drugs had to be stopped. 6 patients relapsed while on treatment. The most common side-effects were diarrhea, stomatitis and bone marrow suppression. 3 were hospitalized due to neutropenic fever. 5-year actuarial survival of all patients was 61%; 5-year relapse-free survival was 61%; 5-year relapse-free survival of right versus left colon was 41% and 82%, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in 5-year survival of those with 1-3 positive lymph nodes as compared to those with 4 or more (62% and 56%, respectively). 5-year survival in those who finished or did not finish treatment (excluding those who stopped treatment because of progressive disease) was 83% and 70%, respectively (NS). The 5-year survival of our series was similar to that of patients treated similarly elsewhere. The 5-FU and levamisole treatment was not tolerated well by our study population. It has recently been replaced in our service by a 5-FU and leucovorin regimen given for 6 months.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
POEMMA: Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe mission concept study, the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) science goals are to identify the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmic neutrinos above 20 PeV. POEMMA consists of two satellites flying in loose formation at 525 km altitudes. A novel focal plane design is optimized to observe the UV air fluorescence signal from extensive air showers (EASs) in a stereoscopic UHECR observation mode and the Cherenkov signals from EASs from UHECRs and neutrino-induced τ-leptons in an Earth-limb viewing mode. POEMMA is designed to achieve full-sky coverage and significantly higher sensitivity to the highest energy cosmic messengers compared to what have been achieved so far by ground-based experiments. POEMMA will measure the spectrum, composition, and full sky distribution of the UHECRs above 30 EeV to identify the most energetic cosmic accelerators in the universe and study the acceleration mechanism(s). POEMMA will also have sensitivity to cosmic neutrinos by observing the upward-moving air showers induced from tau neutrino interactions in the Earth. POEMMA will also be able to re-orient to a Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) neutrino mode to view transient astrophysical sources with unique sensitivity. This paper discusses the science goals, instrument design, mission profile, and the simulated UHECR and neutrino measurement capabilities for POEMMA.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Workplace innovation influence on occupational safety and health

Innovation is an important science for the sustainable development of any country. Workplace innovation brings radical change in the workers’ environment, thereby enhancing the profitability of companies. However, most research and discussion of innovations are focussed on product development and/or process improvement, disregarding workplace and service innovation. Hence, this study aims to identify gaps that exist in previous studies to recommend further research areas related to workplace innovation influences on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) interventions. The research was carried out through extensive literature reviews. It is evident that the influence of workplace innovation has been neglected in many studies despite the significance for workplace safety and health. Findings from the literature review revealed that workplace innovation has not been properly differentiated from new product development innovation and there are few cases of research carried out on the workplace innovation in particular. Thus, this research finding identified gaps in workplace innovation (non-technical innovation) such as workplace organisation, workplace layout, human resource management, top management changes, workers’ participation, policy and training. Hence, the workplace innovation influence on OSH indicates further research that can be conducted.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhanced superconductivity in Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures

The superconducting proximity effect in topological insulator and superconductor heterostructures has aroused intensive research interest in the past decade. While many efforts have been made to investigate the induced superconductivity in topological insulators, the exploration of the effect of topological insulators on superconductors is comparatively rare. Here, we report the observation of an enhanced superconductivity in Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures. The superconducting transition temperature and the critical field of Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures are higher than those of the pristine Nb thin films. Such enhanced superconductivity is due to the improved superfluid stiffness in Nb thin films by proximity to the metallic Bi2Se3 flakes. Our findings will further advance the understanding of the superconducting proximity effect in the heterostructures.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Equality cases in monotonicity of quasi-entropies, Lieb's concavity and Ando's convexity

We revisit and improve joint concavity/convexity and monotonicity properties of quasi-entropies due to Petz in a new fashion. Then we characterize equality cases in the monotonicity inequalities (the data-processing inequalities) of quasi-entropies in several ways as follows: Let $Φ:\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})\to\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{K})$ be a trace-preserving map such that $Φ^*$ is a Schwarz map. When $f$ is an operator monotone or operator convex function on $[0,\infty)$, we present several equivalent conditions for the equality $S_f^K(Φ(ρ)\|Φ(σ))=S_f^{Φ^*(K)}(ρ\|σ)$ to hold for given positive operators $ρ,σ$ on $\mathcal{H}$ and $K\in\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{K})$. The conditions include equality cases in the monotonicity versions of Lieb's concavity and Ando's convexity theorems. Specializing the map $Φ$ we have equivalent conditions for equality cases in Lieb's concavity and Ando's convexity. Similar equality conditions are discussed also for monotone metrics and $χ^2$-divergences. We further consider some types of linear preserver problems for those quantum information quantities.

Topic: Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Expression analysis of m6A-related genes in various tissues of Meishan pigs at different developmental stages

ABSTRACT To characterize the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related gene expression profiles in various tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages, m6A modification-related genes (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15, and FTO) were detected from newborn to physical maturity of Meishan pigs at eight important developmental stages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 134, and 158 days old). The expression of m6A-related genes was tissue-specific. Furthermore, the level of METTL3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was higher on day 35 than in other stages in most tissues, and the expression of METTL14 increased after day 35, and FTO exhibited a peak on day 14 in muscle, intestine, lymph nodes, thymus, and kidney. This study provided a reference for an in-depth study of the expression patterns of m6A modification-related genes in Meishan pigs.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Figure 1 from miR-155 Overexpression Promotes Genomic Instability by Reducing High-fidelity Polymerase Delta Expression and Activating Error-Prone DSB Repair

&lt;p&gt;Mutation pattern remains unchanged upon miR-155 over-expression in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Timing Error Due to Supply and Substrate Noise in an Inverter Based High-Speed Comparator

This paper presents the timing error and power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) analyses of an inverter based high-speed comparator, including the design of common-mode body biasing feedback circuitry. Both the main circuit and the supporting circuitry have been designed and implemented in a standard 28 nm CMOS technology with power supply of 0.9 V. The closed-form transfer function of the comparator including biasing circuitry, used in PSIJ analysis, is derived using symbolic admittance method. The mathematical model shows an agreement with the simulation and exhibits 7.4% of mean percentage error (MPE).

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Implementation of an Online Distance Mentoring System

The individualized mentoring is a process unexploited and problematic in Greece because of its high operational cost and the lack of specialized scientists. In general practice though, it is considered as the most effective means in order to support a person and guide him/her at the crucial and important decisions of his/her life. More than ever, through the immense technological advancements, online distance mentoring has evolved as a clearly anthropocentric method, having that is, as center of its interest, the person and his/her personal needs as opposed to the mere execution of a predetermined training program. The present study explores and analyses the issues related to electronic distance mentoring of young persons in the framework of professional orientation, business spirit development, personal training and psychological support. The particularity of this project stems from the application of advanced videoconference systems that eliminated the need for people transfer, bridged geographical distances, improved interaction considerably and reduced the response time of intervention.

Topic: Mentoring and Academic Development
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Double-sided moral hazard, information screening and the optimal contract

Purpose In the practice of venture capital investment, the venture capital will not only claim the share of the enterprise’s future output, but also a certain amount of fixed income. The purpose of this paper is to examine the optimal contract which blends the variable ownership income and the fixed income theoretically so as to provide a keen insight into the venture capital practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper establishes an extended principal-agent model and researches on the design of optimal contract dominated by venture capital with double-sided moral hazard and information screening. Findings By establishing theoretical models, the main findings are: first, high-quality enterprise tends to relinquish less ownership but give more fixed return to the venture capital as compensation in order to obtain the venture capital financing; second, low-quality enterprise is willing to relinquish more ownership but give less fixed return to the venture capital for financing; third, due to the existence of double-sided moral hazard, neither of the venture capital and the enterprise will exert their best effort. Originality/value This paper furthers the application of principal-agent model in the field of venture capital investment and researches on the optimal contract, considering double-sided moral hazard and adverse selection at the same time originally.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences