jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SLIGHT NOTCHING OF THE R-WAVE OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

As a result of extensive electrocardiographic studies in past years, the questions of the more common disturbances of the cardiac mechanism have for the time being been settled, and numerous investigators have directed efforts to the elicitation of electrocardiographic evidences of myocardial involvement. Carter<sup>1</sup>has summarized the knowledge of the aberrant beat and the electrocardiogram associated with a lesion of either branch of the atrioventricular bundle. The ventricular complex is said to be characterized by a notched or bizzare R-wave of high amplitude, a QRS interval exceeding 0.10 second and an exaggerated T-wave usually opposite to the initial deflection. Such curves are indicative of an extensive pathologic process and imply a grave prognosis. Oppenheimer and Rothschild<sup>2</sup>have described intraventricular or arborization block. The underlying pathology of their cases was coronary sclerosis or disseminated patchy sclerosis of the myocardium predominate in the Purkinje network. The electrical curves are of low voltage

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Prerequisites of the HACCP System

Prerequisite programs (PRPs) are a fundamental part of the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system; without the basis of PRPs, the HACCP system is not applicable. This chapter discusses the objectives and elements that should be included in each of the different PRPs that are part of the HACCP system, such as water control, supplier control, pest control, good handling (GHP) practices, good manufacturing practices (GMP), traceability plan, training plan, maintenance plan, and waste disposal plan. Some questions on how to apply flexibility to the HACCP system are also discussed.

Topic: Food Safety and Hygiene
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Comparison of Day-Long Recording Stability and Muscle Force Prediction between BSN-Based Mechanomyography and Electromyography

Day-long continuous monitoring requires stable sensors that can minimise the effects of drift and maintain high accuracy and precision over time. We have recently shown that our inertial motion tracking system can capture stable kinematic data, calibrated against ground-truth over a long period of time. However, for many clinical and daily life activities, it is also essential to monitor the muscle-activity. In this study, we evaluate the long-term recording stability of our prototype mechanomyography (MMG) sensors as an extension to our existing ETHO1 body sensor network platform. We attached the MMG sensors along with commercial high-accuracy EMG electrodes on the arm muscles of 5 subjects throughout a working day of 9 hours. The subjects followed their daily routine but they had to perform a multi-level force-matching task through flexion and extension of their arm during four short sessions of the day, as measures of practical signal quality. We designed a force predictor that used either EMG or MMG signals to predict the forces generated by subjects. Our prototype low-cost MMG channels have shown comparable results (RMSE: 23N and R2: 0.91) in predicting the force levels applied when compared against the commercial high-accuracy EMG sensor (RMSE: 19N and R2: 0.95).

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comprehensive Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Focusing on Surgical Management

The two main diseases of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The pathogenesis of inflammatory disease is that abnormal intestinal inflammations occur in genetically susceptible individuals according to various environmental factors. The consequent process results in inflammatory bowel disease. Medical treatment consists of the induction of remission in the acute phase of the disease and the maintenance of remission. Patients with Crohn's disease finally need surgical treatment in 70% of the cases. The main surgical options for Crohn's disease are divided into two surgical procedures. The first is strictureplasty, which can prevent short bowel syndrome. The second is resection of the involved intestinal segment. Simultaneous medico-surgical treatment can be a good treatment strategy. Ulcerative colitis is a diffuse nonspecific inflammatory disease that involves the colon and the rectum. Patients with ulcerative colitis need surgical treatment in 30% of the cases despite proper medical treatment. The reasons for surgical treatment are various, from life-threatening complications to growth retardation. The total proctocolectomy (TPC) with an ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the most common procedure for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Medical treatment for ulcerative colitis after a TPC with an IPAA is usually not necessary.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Training Sparse Fuzzy Classifiers Using Metaheuristic Optimization

This paper proposes a novel classification model called sparse fuzzy classifier (SFC), which uses a sparse Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system to classify data. This system is considered with Gaussian fuzzy sets in the antecedents and first-order polynomials in the consequents of fuzzy rules. The input fuzzy sets are determined using a metaheuristic optimization method (particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, or pattern search). The output polynomials are obtained by a sparse regression represented by the elastic net. A quality criterion based on the confusion value is used to select the best model. The experiments showed that the proposed method could reduce the confusion and simplify fuzzy models by zeroing some of the polynomial coefficients.

Topic: Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teaching Leadership Lessons through the Camera Lens

Movies appeal to people globally and can be used as a very valuable intellectual exercise in understanding diverse workplace settings, stimulating curiosity toward other cultures, and learning the nuances of leading and managing in a global information context. This study demonstrates how a learning experience involving movies can be utilized in complementing existing pedagogical approaches for imparting leadership lessons. The findings from 101 LIS students’ reflections reveal that a majority of students’ (87%) perspectives about leadership either “changed” or “reinforced” their existing beliefs after studying leadership concepts portrayed in movies. Overall, the findings revealed students’ critical thinking and take-away lessons about leadership, regardless of their response about leadership perspectives (changed, reinforced, or unchanged). This study indicates that by utilizing media in leadership education through carefully crafted pedagogy, LIS instructors can provide students with more realistic examples of positive and negative leadership in a global context.

Topic: Film in Education and Therapy
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Acehnese People’s Information Seeking Behavior about COVID-19

This research aims to identify types of media used by the Acehnese people in seeking information about COVID-19, and people’s perceptions and responses to the information that increases their likelihood of the risk of the pandemic. This study employs a quantitative approach, in which an online survey distributed through social media. All 324 respondents gave their consent to participate in filling out the research questionnaire. The study found that Acehnese people prefer online media and television (TV) to receive information about COVID-19, especially when people can access the information online (streaming). The finding indicates that people tend to trust information obtained through the media more than direct information (face to face) conveyed by the government. Regarding the public responses, this study found that most respondents argue the lack of government action in disseminating information about COVID-19. It is believed that this condition is likely to bring up false information (hoax) from untrustworthy information sources. This response has an impact on the level of public trust towards the government as the main source of information in handling the pandemic. Respondents claim that the local government has a slow response in providing information about people who are infected by the virus, including insufficient information on the intervention of prevention and treatment carried out to stop the spread of the virus.

Topic: COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ENGINEERING ESTIMATION OF THE LOWER BOUND TOUGHNESS IN THE TRANSITION REGIME OF FERRITIC STEELS

A simple engineering method for estimating a lower bound fracture toughness in the ductile‐to‐brittle transition region is presented. It is based on empirical evidence that the lower tail of the failure probability versus fracture toughness curve tends to be a straight line rather than a Weibull curve. Fitting the lower tail by a straight line, however, gives an engineering lower bound at a theoretical failure probability of zero. The method enables one to obtain lower bounds using small data sets of three or four specimens.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A new glimpse of Day One : an intertextual history of Genesis 1.1-5 in Hebrew and Greek texts up to 200 CE

This thesis is an unconventional history of the interpretation of Day One, Genesis 1.1-5, in Hebrew and Greek texts&#13;\nup to c. 200 CE. Using the concept of ‘intertextuality’ as developed by Kristeva, Derrida, and others, the method for&#13;\nthis historical exploration looks at the dynamic interconnectedness of texts. The results reach beyond deliberate&#13;\nexegetical and eisegetical interpretations of Day One to include intertextual, and therefore not necessarily deliberate,&#13;\nconnections between texts. The purpose of the study is to gain a glimpse into the textual possibilities available to&#13;\nthe ancient reader / interpreter. Central to the method employed is the identification of the intertexts of Day One.&#13;\nThis is achieved, at least in part, by identifying and tracing flags that may draw the reader from one text to another.&#13;\nIn this study these flags are called ‘intertextual markers’ and may be individual words, word-pairs, or small phrases&#13;\nthat occur relatively infrequently within the corpus of texts being examined. The thesis first explores the&#13;\nintertextuality of Genesis 1.1-5 in the confines of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint. The second half of the&#13;\nthesis identifies and explores the intertexts of Day One in other Hebrew texts (e.g. the Dead Sea Scrolls, Sirach) and&#13;\nother Greek texts (e.g. Philo, the New Testament) up to c. 200 CE. The thesis concludes with a summation of some&#13;\nof the more prominent and surprising threads in this intertextual ‘tapestry’ of Day One. These summary threads&#13;\ninclude observations within the texts in a given language and a comparative look at the role of language in the&#13;\nintertextual history of Day One.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Critical Factors Affecting the Bid Cost of Building Construction Projects

A cost database is essential for contractors to estimate accurate bid costs, and most contractors use historical cost databases for this purpose. Factors that influence bid cost should be investigated so that they are accurate. From the existing literature, this study identifies 30 factors that affect bid costs, and a survey was sent to 80 prime and subcontractors to determine the critical factors. The intraclass correlation test was conducted to determine the consistency of the responses. Then the Relative Importance Index (RII) was determined to identify the critical factors inhibiting the bid cost. In addition, the Mann-Whitney test was performed to determine whether the critical factors were highly ranked. Using RII and Mann-Whitney tests, the study determined seven critical factors that affect the bid cost of building projects: failure to track labor productivity; failure to report site-specific project conditions; failure to report complexity of the project; lacking documentation of union restrictions, regulations, local building code, and safety requirements; failure to report change order impact on labor productivity; failure to incorporate change orders into a cost control program; and failure to report project description. These findings will assist contractors to accurately bid building projects.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rationally Designed Peptide Interface for Potential Modulated Cell Adhesion and Migration

Conformational changes of peptides are critically important in the control of their biological activities. Here, a quaternary ammonium group‐terminated RGD‐containing peptide (RGD‐NMe 3 ) is designed, which may undergo reversible conformational switch upon different electrochemical potentials. Potential responsive peptide interfaces are constructed on gold substrates with RGD‐NMe 3 in a tetra (ethylene glycol) background. It is demonstrated that by applying positive and negative potentials, the RGD peptide can be reversibly switched between linear and cyclic conformation, which can be used in reversible controlling of cell adhesion/migration on the interface. Furthermore, by combining microfluidics, adhesion of the cells in specific areas on the surface and subsequent directional migration of the cells can be controlled. It is believed that this straightforward potential modulation mechanism for peptide conformation control may find a wide use in design responsive peptide interfaces.

Topic: Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Perceived stress and coping strategies among candidates for heart transplantation during the organ waiting period.

The effectiveness of the transplantation team in diffusing stress during the pretransplantation period is increasingly important the longer the patient remains on the transplant waiting list. This study describes the stressors and coping strategies of heart transplant candidates during the waiting period. Thirty-nine candidates on the active list for heart transplantation from four mid-East Coast transplantation centers participated. With a possible stress score of 0 to 243, the mean score for this sample was a low 72.84 (standard deviation = 37.47). The three most common stressors were (1) requiring a heart transplant, (2) having terminal heart disease, and (3) worrying family members. The three most common coping strategies were (1) thinking positively, (2) using humor, and (3) trying to keep life as normal as possible. The finding of low stress levels was surprising but may reflect the presence of hope or the patient's desire to spare family members worry--a concern commonly cited by patients. Another explanation is that patients desiring to be perceived as ideal transplant recipients may have underreported their stress. This suggests that the transplantation team should support positive coping strategies when possible and that both patient and family coping should be closely monitored throughout the waiting period.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On Communications under Stochastic Energy Harvesting with Noisy Channel State Information

In energy harvesting communications, the transmitters have to adapt transmission to the availability of energy harvested during communication. The performance of the transmission depends on the channel conditions which vary randomly due environmental changes. In this paper, we consider the problem of power allocation taking into account the energy arrivals over time and imperfect channel state information (CSI) available at the transmitter, in order to maximize the throughput. Differently from previous work, the CSI at the transmitter is not perfect and may include estimation errors. We solve this problem with respect to energy harvesting constraints. We determine the optimal power policy in the case where the channel is perfectly known at the receiver. Furthermore, a study of the asymptotic behavior of the communication system is proposed. Specifically, we analyze the average throughput (AT) in a system where the average recharge rate (ARR) is asymptotically small and when it is very high. Selected numerical results are provided to illustrate our analysis.

Topic: Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Web tool indicates the most effective health measures in deprived areas

Primary care trusts in some of England's poorest areas have a new web based management tool to assess how they can improve mortality in their local population.

The programme, devised by the London Health Observatory and the Yorkshire and Humber Public Health Observatory for the Department of Health, allows trusts in deprived areas to see what measures would help save the most lives. It looks at four specific interventions known to have a major effect on mortality: smoking cessation; reducing infant …

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends from &lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt; Mutations as a Potential Biomarker for Sensitivity to Tankyrase Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figure S1-S8&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Stopping Theory-Based Extra Layers for 30-Day Rate Risk Prediction of Readmission to Intensive Care Units

The importance of 30-day patients' readmissions (PRs) to intensive unit care stems from the significant cost and mortality risk when the patient's chosen class (i.e., readmitted or not to the hospital) is incorrect. The overall accuracy of the PRs classification obtained in the literature is still moderate, particularly for machine learning (ML) and deep artificial neural networks (ANNs), where the overall accuracy is around 65%, resulting in 35% of critical wrong decisions. The suggested technique for enhancing such an overall accuracy consists of three distinct phases. The first layer is an ML-assisted algorithm that uses support vector machines (SVMs) and ANNs techniques, while the second layer uses an arbitrary dataset's distribution and mathematical modeling of the problem to determine the optimal class probabilities interval that has the highest percentage of misclassified elements. Next, all items' categories in that interval are altered, with the exception of those deemed by the generalized secretary problem (GSP) algorithm (the third layer) to be most likely correct. We provide a new theorem that applies to every distribution type and yields the GSP's optimum parameter. Starting with evidence that the Gilbrat and Generalized logistic distributions suit the class probabilities produced by ANN and SVM, respectively, we demonstrate that our technique improves the overall accuracy by 5% and 19%, reaching 85% and 87%, respectively. It is important to point out that the suggested additional two layers may be utilized for any binary classification problem; this is independent of the dataset distribution and the stages that came before.

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phaseolus vulgaris G16104E

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris<br>Common name(s): beans<br>Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia<br>Local sample unique identifier: G16104E<br>Method of creation: In-house variant<br>Date: 1982-02-01<br>Other identifiers: n/a,BUV-150<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural and dielectric properties of epitaxial Sm2O3 thin films

Epitaxial Sm2O3 thin films were deposited on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural and dielectric properties were investigated. Microstructural studies by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the Sm2O3 thin films have a cubic structure and an epitaxial relationship of (004)Sm2O3∥(002)SrTiO3 and [440]Sm2O3∥[200]SrTiO3. A high dielectric constant of 30.5 was found, which can be attributed to the cubic structure and the high crystalline quality and shows a potential application of epitaxial Sm2O3 thin film for high-k material.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Real-Time ECG Analysis Using a TI TMSC54x Digital Signal Processing Chip

Real-time template-based correlation was implemented on the Texas Instruments TMSC5402 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip to allow for the detection of abnormal QRS-complexes in electrocardiographic signals. Several novel techniques were used to achieve real-time implementation of correlation algorithms, as well as development of an automatic template generation module. The main goal was the successful development of an algorithm to rapidly and efficiently detect irregular QRS complexes. This is implemented by software embedded in a DSP chip using limited memory resources. Once the algorithm produces a favorable correlation of a normal QRS, the timer is reset (and alarm deactivated, if active) indicating a normal passage. Values of the timer and correlation threshold are also displayed on an oscilloscope to allow for visual inspection of the system while executing. This paper describes an academic undergraduate semester-long project in the implementation of an arrhythmia (abnormal beat) detector accomplished via a standard DSP chip. The bulk of the project consisted of software design, which was kept modular to facilitate the visualization of project flow and modification of individual software components. The system can easily be implemented on a small DSP,

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences