jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Comprehensiveness of Informational Content About Complementary and Alternative Medicine on Cancer Organization Websites

The quality of the information about complementary and alternative medicine provided by four reputable cancer organization websites was assessed in terms of its comprehensiveness. Using each site's search engine, coverage of four CAM modalities, green tea, selenium, acupuncture, and reiki, were investigated. The websites of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute provided the most comprehensive coverage. However, the amount of coverage varied considerably by CAM modality, with selenium, a nutritional supplement; acupuncture, a component of traditional Chinese medicine, itself an alternative medical system; and green tea, an herbal remedy, receiving much more coverage than reiki, an energy therapy of Tibetan and Japanese Buddhist origin.

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical Relevance of Medicinal Plants and Foods of Vegetal Origin on the Activity of Cytochrome P450

Drug metabolism is a pharmacokinetic process whose main objective is to modify the chemical structure of drugs to easily excretable compounds. This process is carried out through phase I and phase II reactions. The enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) participate in phase I reactions, and their activity can be inhibited or induced by xenobiotics. The aim of this chapter is to study the clinical relevance of the induction and inhibition of CYP450, by describing the effect that some bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants or foods can modify, either increasing or decreasing the activity of CYP450 enzymes and with it modify the bioavailability and depuration of drugs. Examples will be described on the interaction of medicinal plants and foods of vegetal origin that when combined with some drugs can generate toxicity or therapeutic failure; this will allow gathering relevant information on the adequate pharmacological management in different clinical situations.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Implication of livelihood diversification on wetland resources conservation: A case from Bangladesh

The Management of Aquatic Ecosystems through Community Husbandry was demonstrated in Hail Haor from 1999 to 2008 to ensure sustainable wetland resources management and conservation. This paper focused the importance of diversified livelihood options for the resources users to increase income, diversify income sources and improve the wetland productivity. A long-term support to 2,004 resources users was provided to explore income generation schemes through skills and credit. Income generation activities were adopted in 15 different types of trades that covered poultry and livestock rearing, fish culture, operating small business, tailoring or establishing tree nursery. These offered greater income and stability for the resources users. The overall income gained by the resources users around 64% where income generation activities contributed 50% of the total income they gained in 2006. Fishing effort was reduced almost 43% and over 14% fishers left fishing. New livelihoods helped them moving into other occupations reducing dependency on wetland resources that enabled habitat and fish stock recovery. Exploring diversified livelihoods could help the resources users to involve in wetland resources restoration process without livelihood deprivation. Key words: Resources user; livelihood option; fishing effort; wetland restoration; resources conservation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v5i0.4905 J Wet Eco 2011 (5): 59-65

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Celecoxib induces adipogenic differentiation of hemangioma‑derived mesenchymal stem cells through the PPAR‑γ pathway <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign tumor that produces a permanent scar or a mass of fibro-fatty tissue after involution in 40-80% of cases. Celecoxib is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and can inhibit angiogenesis and fibrosis. The present study aimed to clarify whether celecoxib is able to induce tumor regression with minimal side effects. For that purpose, the regulation of celecoxib in the involution of IH was investigated in an IH model. Hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Hem-MSCs) were isolated from proliferating specimens, and an IH model was established by injecting these cells into nude mice. Celecoxib was administered <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-quantitative-PCR were used to detect the adipogenic differentiation of Hem-MSCs. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor xenografts were performed to investigate the pathological evolution of the tumor. The results showed that celecoxib inhibited the proliferation and induced the adipogenic differentiation of Hem-MSCs <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i>, adipocytes were only present in the celecoxib group at week 4, while a larger number of fibroblasts and collagenous fibers could be observed in the basic fibroblast growth factor group. Therefore, celecoxib may be a potential agent used for IH treatment by inducing adipogenesis and inhibiting fibroblast formation.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharyngolaryngectomie totale avec ou sans reconstruction par lambeau musculo-cutané d'agrandissement du pharynx : résultats fonctionnels et carcinologiques

Objectives : Total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) is a first line treatment for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) locally advanced. Neopharynx can be enlarge by flap to decrease the risk of post operative dysphagia. The aim of this study was to compare functionnal and oncologic results of TPL with or without. Methods : All patients treated by TPL with or without enlargement musculocutaneous pedicled flap for HSCC between January 2007 and July 2014 were included. Clinical data, functionnal data (exclusive oral feeding recovery, vocal rehabilitation by tracheo oesophageal puncture, post operative oesophageal dilatation), morbidity and oncologic data (histologic outcomes, 5 year rates for overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and local control (LC)) were analyzed. Results : Forty-two patients (15 TPL alone and 27 TPL with flap : 20 pedicled musculocutaneous pectoralis major flaps and 7 pedicled musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flaps) were included. Tumour size was higher in TPL with flap group (37.6 ± 7.05 mm vs 52.4 ± 14 mm ; p=0.01). It was no significative difference between the groups for exclusive oral feeding recovery (p=1) and success of tracheo-oesophageal voice rehabilitation (p=0.42). Oesophageal dilatation was more frequent in TPL alone group (p=0.22). Pharyngocutaneous fistula rate was comparable in both groups (p=0.74). Positive margin resection rate was higher in TPL with flap group (0% vs 18% ; p=0.14). Five year rates of OS, DFS and LC were respectively of 59.6%, 91.9% et 100% in TPL alone group and 61.5%, 62.7% et 81.9% in TPL with flap group. Conclusion : Pharyngeal enlargement by musculocutaneous flap have good functionnal results for bigger tumour with larger pharyngeal mucosa resection. In these cases, conservation of a strip of pharyngeal posterior wall mucosa expose to the risk of positive margin resection.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Context The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE(GFR) is used in the diagno-sis of chronic kidney disease(CKD)1,2 and is an indepen-dent predictor of all-cause and cardio-vascular mortality and kidney failure in a wide range of populations.3-6 Clinical guidelines recommend reporting esti-mated GFR when serum creatinine level is measured1,2; 84 % of US laboratories re-port estimatedGFR.7 Although theModi-fication of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation is recommended for es-timating GFR,1,2,8,9 the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) has recently proposed an al-ternative equation, which applies differ-ent coefficients to the same 4 variables used in the MDRD Study equation (age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level).10 The new CKD-EPI equation estimates measured GFR more accurately than the MDRD Study equation in most,10-18 butFor editorial comment see p 1976. Author Affiliations and a list of the investigators and collaborators for the Chronic Kidney Disease Prog-nosis Consortium appear at the end of this article.

Topic: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enteric <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infections. Morphological Findings in the Intestinal Mucosa of Healthy and Diseased Piglets

The villi of the small intestine of healthy conventional pigs were finger-shaped or leaf-shaped. In animals with an acute diarrhoeal form of Escherichia coli infection there was a change in the ratio of villous length to crypt depth but not in the villous shape. In animals with the diarrhoeal E. coli infection of longer duration a remoulding of the villi to a ridge shape occurred at about 20 days of age, but the surface of the mucosa was never flat. At this age the average ratio of villous length to crypt depth for the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, was 4.0, 5.0 and 4.1 in healthy piglets and 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 in animals with the diarrhoeal form of E. coli infection.

Topic: Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Introduction

The Frankfurt School story has three different sociopolitical contexts in which the intellectual work of the school underwent changes; in addition, historical events even forced the school to change its geographic setting. The uninitiated or those who would first encounter the Frankfurt heritage through this collection may be slightly taken aback by the references at one time to the Institute for Social Research, and then to the Frankfurt School or Critical Theory. The complaint may seem justified that they should be told what the "Frankfurt School is all about." Dissatisfied with a "court history" that relied mainly on the account and materials retrospectively given by institute members, Ulrika Migdal published the result of her longstanding and painstaking research of that genesis and philosophy. Today we can no longer speak of negligible impact nor inaccessibility as a major problem since the most important works of the Frankfurt theorists are available in English translation.

Topic: Critical Theory and Philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
HEPATITIS “C”; FREQUENCY OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN NON RESPONDER PATIENTS

Objectives: To determine incidence of steatosis in non-responder casesof chronic HCV. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Sanatorium inMedicine Department of LIAQUAT University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Period: 26-9-2011to 25 August 2012. Material &amp; Methods: Total 144 non-responders cases of Hepatitis C wereintegrated. Both gender, age 18 to 50 yrs, chronic HCV non-responder cases as well as cases fitfor hepatic biopsy were integrated in study. Grading of Inflammation was carried out as indicatedby histopathological measures. Results: Mean age was 48.5 + 5.2years. Uppermost prevalenceof chronic HCV disease was 65(45.13%) at 41 to 50 years age interval whereas 42(29.1%) caseswere noticed in 31 to 40 yrs age group and 25(17.3%) cases were observed in 20 to 30 yearsof young age group. In this study hepatic steatosis occurrence was observed in 103 (71.5%)cases and these were categories as: grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, as (&lt;33%) 45/103(43.68%), (33to 66%) 35/103(33.98%), (&gt;66%) 23/103(22.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosisis a important risk factor the cases of HCV to decreased response to antiviral therapy and forprogression toward fibrosis as observed in cases related to metabolic steatosis.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using a Copper Rubeanate Metal Organic Framework

We synthesized a copper rubeanate metal organic framework (CR-MOF) which has the potential to improve the catalytic activity of electrochemical reduction of CO2 due to its characteristics of electronic conductivity, proton conductivity, dispersed reaction sites, and nanopores. Synthesized CR-MOF particles were dropped on carbon paper (CP) to form a working electrode. The onset potential for CO2 reduction of a CR-MOF electrode was about 0.2 V more positive than that observed on a Cu metal electrode in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Our analysis of the reduction products during potentiostatic electrolysis showed formic acid (HCOOH) to be virtually the only CO2 reduction product on a CR-MOF electrode, whereas a Cu metal electrode generates a range of products. The quantity of products from the CR-MOF electrode was markedly greater (13-fold at −1.2 V vs. SHE) than that of a Cu metal electrode. Its stability was also confirmed.

Topic: CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report and review of the literature.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated coagulation side effect of heparin therapy characterized by thrombocytopenia and by a paradoxical prothrombotic state following heparin exposure when thrombotic or thromboembolic events accurse, the condition is classified as Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT). We report a case of HITT with evidence of small-vessel arterial thrombosis in a 5-day-old newborn receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and our attempt of bivalirudin alternative treatment. We also review previous reports regarding HIT and ECMO with the alternative management in this unique population.

Topic: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Commentary: cortisone acetate administered orally in dermatologic therapy

It is difficult to conceive of practicing dermatology today without access to the clinical use of corticosteroids given for systemic effects, yet these potent antiphlogistic agents have been available for only 30 years. The centennial article by Sulzberger et al introduced these drugs to the clinical dermatologist and began a revolutionary new era of anti-inflammatory therapy for dermatologic disorders.<sup>1</sup>Dermatoses which were previously poorly or completely unresponsive to the available treatment modalities responded, often in a dramatic fashion, to oral cortisone acetate therapy, with or without supplemental corticotrophin. The prescience of these authors was remarkable. In their comprehensive article, they recorded their experience in treating a large series of patients with a variety of dermatoses and tabulated concisely many of the crucial variables needed to assess the efficacy of these new "wonder" drugs, namely, initialand maintenance-dose requirements, response, duration of treatment, and course after stopping medication. In addition,

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1398. Gland Tuberculosis: A Rare Localization of Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a multisystem disease that might affect all organs. Gland TB is characterized with a misleading clinical presentation which often mimic a neoplastic process. The aim of our work was to study the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of gland TB. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including all patients hospitalized for gland TB in the infectious disease department between 1999 and 2020. Results We encountered 28 cases among which 24 were females (85.7%). The mean age was 39±14 years. A rural origin was noted in 15 cases (53.5%). Two patients were previously treated for TB (7.1%). Systemic symptoms of TB included fever (60.7%), asthenia (53.5%), loss of appetite (46.4%) and weight loss (25%). There were 18 cases of breast TB (64.3%), 4 cases of salivary gland TB (14.3%) and 3 cases of ovarian TB (10.7%). Two cases of pituitary TB (7.1%) and one case of adrenal TB (3.6%) were noted. Multifocal TB was noted in 7 cases (25%). Lymph node (17.8%), pulmonary (14.2%) and peritoneal (7.1%) TB were associated with gland TB. Tuberculin skin test was positive in 19 cases (67.8%). The diagnosis was based on histopathological proof in 23 cases (82.1%), microbiological proof in 4 cases (14.3%) and clinically confirmed in one case (3.6%). The median duration of antitubercular therapy was 10 [9-15] months. Patients received fixed-dose combination in 11 cases (39.2%). Adverse effects of antitubercular therapy were noted in 10 cases (35.7%) represented by gastrointestinal symptoms (14.3%), increase in hepatic enzyme levels (14.3%) and skin reactions (7.1%). The disease evolution was favorable in 26 cases (92.9%). Relapse was noted in two cases (7.1%). Conclusion Gland TB included different sites. The presence of systemic symptoms of TB and the diagnosis of TB elsewhere in the body helped through the diagnosis process which requires high index of suspicion. It was mainly based on histological evidence. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Topic: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Media Messages of Rural: Lessons from Minnesota

The goal of the Media Messages of Rural project was to examine the manner in which the metropolitan area media covers and reports events that occur in rural areas to the residents of Minnesota, and to gain a sense of how urban Minnesota media portrays the events and priorities of rural Minnesota. The focuses of the study were the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the Minneapolis Star Tribune. Articles from these sources were examined to locate evidence for the study. Information recorded from each article included: Location of reported community, topic of the story, environment of the rural area and the historical context of the definition.

Topic: Globalization and Cultural Identity
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Return of human capital development and training investments on corporate valuation

The dynamic environments evolving in most markets led to the necessity of recruiting and retaining highly educated employees for a company's success. This research paper investigates the economic return of human capital investments on corporate valuation and identifies organizational activities that could signal these investments. For economic return estimations, an event study with the reception of training awards, as a signal for exceptional human capital activities, is used. It is revealed that training-award winners experience significant abnormal returns around the award announcements. Further, organizational activities that influence these abnormal returns and serve as indicators for stakeholders are determined.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Re: Hospitals' Race to Employ Physicians—The Logic Behind a Money-Losing Proposition

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Oct 2011Re: Hospitals' Race to Employ Physicians—The Logic Behind a Money-Losing Proposition David F. PensonM.D., M.P.H. David F. PensonDavid F. Penson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(11)60450-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Hospitals' Race to Employ Physicians—The Logic Behind a Money-Losing Proposition." The Journal of Urology, 186(4), pp. 1427–1428 © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 186Issue 4October 2011Page: 1427-1428 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David F. Penson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The pulmonary microvascular response to infusion of live Escherichia coli in sheep with acutely or chronically prepared lung lymph fistula.

The effects of infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria in awake sheep with a chronic lung lymph fistula (n = 15) were compared to anesthetized animals (n = 7) receiving the same septic insult after surgical trauma including bilateral thoracotomies for lung lymph cannulation (acute group). During preseptic baseline conditions, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and central venous pressure (Pcv) were increased and leukocytes decreased in the newly operated animals compared to the sheep with a chronic lung lymph fistula. After i.v. infusion of live E. coli 10(9) X kg-1 b.w. over 20 min, arterial pressure (Psa), cardiac output (Qt), leukocytes, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) decreased in both groups. Ppa peaked after 15 min at 37.2 +/- 2.5 in the chronic and 33.4 +/- 3.3 mm Hg in the acute group. In the chronic group, Ppa remained elevated but not in the acute group during the rest of experiment. Lung lymph flow (QL) increased significantly in both groups during the initial high Ppa, but it increased to a higher level in the chronic group. After 150 min, QL did not differ between the groups but remained elevated over baseline. Lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio (L/P) for total protein decreased in the chronic group during the initial high QL. This decrease was not seen in the acute group that had a significantly higher L/P between 30 and 120 min after sepsis. The high QL with unchanged L/P compared to baseline indicated increased permeability in the pulmonary microvessels in both groups but the changes in permeability, hemodynamics, or respiratory parameters after sepsis were not aggravated by the surgical trauma.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pathways to Formalization: Going Beyond the Formality Dichotomy: The Case of Peru

Too often, academics and policy makers interpret formality as a binary choice and formalization as an irreversible process. Yet, formalization has many facets and shades on the business and labor fronts, and firms may not be able or willing to formalize all at once. This paper explores the joint process of business and labor formalization, using a unique panel data set of Peruvian micro enterprises. The paper finds that business formality does not imply labor formality, and vice versa. Further, there is significant churning in and out of different dimensions of formality within a relatively short period. Using an instrumental variable approach, the paper infers that business formalization affects labor formalization but not the other way around, and that enforcement is a key driver of formalization. Overall, the analysis shows that formalization is a gradual and reversible process, with small entrepreneurs weighing their possibilities in each pathway to business (often) or labor (less often) formalization, but rarely both at the same time.

Topic: Family Business Performance and Succession
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences