jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Serum Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Yeast Cell Wall Products on Broiler Chickens

With an ever-growing market and continual financial pressures associated with the prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry industry has had to rapidly develop non-antibiotic alternatives to increase production yields. A possible alternative is yeast and its derivatives, such as the yeast cell wall (YCW), which have been proposed to confer a number of beneficial effects on the host animal. Here, the effect of YCW supplementation on the broiler chicken was investigated using a quantitative proteomic strategy, whereby serum was obtained from three groups of broilers fed with distinct YCW feed supplements or a control basal diet. Development of a novel reagent enabled application of Proteominer™ technology for sample preparation and subsequent comparative quantitative proteomic analysis revealed proteins which showed a significant change in abundance (n = 167 individual proteins; p &lt;0.05); as well as proteins which were uniquely identified (n = 52) in, or absent (n = 37) from, YCW-fed treatment groups versus controls. An average of 7.1% of proteins showed changes in abundance with YCW supplementation. A number of effects of these YCW supplements including immunostimulation (via elevated complement protein detection), potential alterations in the oxidative status of the animal (e.g., glutathione peroxidase &amp; catalase), stimulation of metabolic processes (e.g., differential abundance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), as well as evidence of a possible hepatoprotective effect (attenuated levels of serum α-glutathione s-transferase) by one YCW feed supplement, were observed. It is proposed that specific protein detection may be indicative of YCW efficacy to stimulate broiler immune status, i.e. may be biomarkers of YCW efficacy. In summary, this work has developed a novel technology for the preparation of high dynamic range proteomic samples for LC-MS/MS analysis, is part of the growing area of livestock proteomics and, importantly, provides evidential support for beneficial effects that YCW supplementation has on the broiler chicken.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Butylated caffeic acid: An efficient novel antioxidant

A novel antioxidant, butylated caffeic acid (BCA) was rationally designed by adding a tert-butyl group to caffeic acid, which was synthesized at a high yield (36.2%) from 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol by a four-step reaction including Friedel-Crafts alkylation, bromine oxidation, ether bond hydrolysis and Knoevenagel condensation. Its antioxidant capacity was much stronger than common commercial antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and its mother compound, caffeic acid, in both rancimat and deep frying tests. When investigated via the DPPH method, the antioxidant capacity of BCA was almost equal to TBHQ, but lower than caffeic acid. BCA could be a potentially strong antioxidant, especially for food processing at high temperatures such as deep frying and baking.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Actin is required for endocytic trafficking in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

The intra-erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite endocytose large quantities of the surrounding erythrocyte cytoplasm and deliver it to a digestive food vacuole via endocytic vesicles. Digestion provides amino acids for parasite protein synthesis and is required to maintain the osmotic integrity of the host cell. The parasite endocytic pathway has been described morphologically by electron microscopy, but the molecular mechanisms that mediate and regulate it remain elusive. Given the involvement of actin in endocytosis in other eukaryotes, we have used actin inhibitors to assess the requirement for this protein in the endocytic pathway of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Treatment of cultures with cytochalasin D did not affect haemoglobin levels in the parasites when co-administered with protease inhibitors, and neither did it affect the uptake of the endocytic tracer horseradish peroxidase, suggesting the absence of actin in the mechanism of endocytosis. However, in the absence of protease inhibitors, treated parasites contained increased levels of haemoglobin due to an accumulation of enlarged endocytic vesicles, as determined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, suggesting a role for actin in vesicle trafficking, possibly by mediating vesicle maturation and/or fusion to the digestive vacuole. In contrast to cytochalasin D, treatment with jasplakinolide led to an inhibition of endocytosis, an accumulation of vesicles closer to the plasma membrane and a marked concentration of actin in the parasite cortex. We propose that the stabilization of cortical actin filaments by jasplakinolide interferes with normal endocytic vesicle formation and migration from the cell periphery.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Generalization and generalizability measures

Defines the generalization problem, summarizes various approaches in generalization, identifies the credit assignment problem, and presents the problem and some solutions in measuring generalizability. We discuss anomalies in the ordering of hypotheses in a subdomain when performance is normalized and averaged, and show conditions under which anomalies can be eliminated. To generalize performance across subdomains, we present a measure called "probability of win" which measures the probability that one hypothesis is better than another. Finally, we discuss some limitations in using probabilities of win, and we illustrate their application in finding new parameter values for TimberWolf, a package for VLSI cell placement and routing.

Topic: VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Associations among dimensions of political ideology and Dark Tetrad personality features

Examinations of personality and political ideology have assessed political ideology as a unidimensional construct and primarily focused on the Big Five personality factors. The purpose of the present two-part study was to examine associations among political ideology (assessed using two dimensions [social and economic]) and Dark Tetrad traits in two samples of adults from the United States (N = 579 and 597). The combination of high economic conservatism and high social liberalism was associated with the highest levels of Machiavellianism and the combination of high social conservatism and high economic liberalism was associated with the highest levels of Narcissism. These effects were significant even after accounting for Big Five personality factors and when using a measure of political ideology that was comprised of multiple items for each dimension of political ideology. Implications include the potential application of our findings to altering political interpersonal dynamics. Additionally, study findings highlight the importance of examining political ideology via multiple dimensions to account for heterogeneity of political attitudes.

Topic: Personality Traits and Psychology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of centrally administered glucagon on blood lipids in anesthetised dogs.

Previously we have proposed the existence of the central glucagon sensitive receptors in dogs. The present study was undertaken to explore the role of centrally administered glucagon on lipids in view of the proposed theory that the hypothalamic lipomobilizing centres are sensitive to glucose or substances that affect glucose metabolism. Glucagon (0.01 microgram) administered through the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route in anesthetised mongrel dogs, caused hypolipidemia (P greater than 0.001), hypocholesterolemia (P greater than 0.001), decreased blood free fatty acid (P greater than 0.001) and triglycerides (P greater than 0.001) levels; but increased blood high density lipoprotein (P greater than 0.01) level at 30 min. These effects on the central administration of glucagon, were not observed in pancreatectomised animals and spinal cord transectomised animals. Therefore, we conclude that the lipolysis on the central administration of glucagon, is caused by the endogenous glucagon secreted from the pancreas through the sympathetic fibers.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MINIMUM WIENER INDICES OF TREES AND UNICYCLIC GRAPHS OF GIVEN MATCHING NUMBER

The Wiener index of a connected graph is defined as the sum of distances between all unordered pairs of its vertices. We determine the minimum Wiener indices of trees and unicyclic graphs with given number of vertices and matching number, respectively. The extremal graphs are characterized.

Topic: Graph theory and applications
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modelling Cost-Effectiveness of Biologic Treatments Based on Disease Activity Scores for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Spain

Background . The objective of this simulation model was to assess the cost-effectiveness of different biological treatment strategies based on levels of disease activity in Spain, in patients with moderate to severe active RA and an insufficient response to at least one anti-TNF agent. Methods . Clinically meaningful effectiveness criteria were defined using DAS28 scores: remission and Low Disease Activity State (LDAS) thresholds. Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted to assess cost-effectiveness over 2 years of four biological sequential strategies composed of anti-TNF agents (adalimumab, infliximab), abatacept or rituximab, in patients with moderate to severe active RA and an insufficient response to etanercept as first biological agent. Results . The sequential strategy including etanercept, abatacept and adalimumab appeared more efficacious over 2 years (102 days in LDAS) compared to the same sequence including rituximab as second biological option (82 days in LDAS). Cost-effectiveness ratios showed lower costs per day in LDAS with abatacept (427 €) compared to rituximab as second biological option (508 €). All comparisons were confirmed when using remission criteria. Conclusion . Model results suggest that in patients with an insufficient response to anti-TNF agents, the biological sequences including abatacept appear more efficacious and cost-effective than similar sequences including rituximab or cycled anti-TNF agents.

Topic: Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Longevity and Clinical Performance of Direct Posterior Restorations

Various materials and techniques are employed, with composite resins being a popular choice. Factors influencing restoration longevity include material selection, practitioner skill, patient factors, and cavity characteristics. Recent developments in dental materials and techniques have expanded treatment options. Amalgam has historically exhibited superior longevity but faces declining usage due to aesthetic concerns. Composite resins have shown variable longevity, influenced by factors such as cavity location and size. Glass ionomer cements, while biocompatible, have limited mechanical strength. Tunnel restorations and atraumatic restorative treatment restorations have shown varying success rates. Advances in materials, techniques, and bonding agents are shaping the landscape of adhesive dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has evolved significantly with the decline of amalgam and the emergence of innovative materials. Challenges like polymerization shrinkage persist, but promising developments, such as low-shrinking monomers and nanoparticle fillers, are on the horizon. Self-etching adhesives have improved bonding. The longevity of posterior restorations depends on various factors, and practitioners must stay updated on these advancements for optimal patient care.Various materials and techniques are employed, with composite resins being a popular choice. Factors influencing restoration longevity include material selection, practitioner skill, patient factors, and cavity characteristics. Recent developments in dental materials and techniques have expanded treatment options. Amalgam has historically exhibited superior longevity but faces declining usage due to aesthetic concerns. Composite resins have shown variable longevity, influenced by factors such as cavity location and size. Glass ionomer cements, while biocompatible, have limited mechanical strength. Tunnel restorations and atraumatic restorative treatment restorations have shown varying success rates. Advances in materials, techniques, and bonding agents are shaping the landscape of adhesive dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has evolved significantly with the decline of amalgam and the emergence of innovative materials. Challenges like polymerization shrinkage persist, but promising developments, such as low-shrinking monomers and nanoparticle fillers, are on the horizon. Self-etching adhesives have improved bonding. The longevity of posterior restorations depends on various factors, and practitioners must stay updated on these advancements for optimal patient care.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
THE TENSION BETWEEN LAW AND POLICY IN IRAQ WAR

Pertarungan antara kepentingan hukum dan politik dalam perang melawan terror sangat komplek dan ambigu. Dalam perang Irak tarik menarik kepentingan antara Resolusi PBB dan kepentingan politik sangat menarik untuk dicermati. Pada kajian ini pertarungan kepentingan antara penggunaan kekuasaan militer dan konstitusi, Resolusi PBB, U.N. Charter dan War Power Act of 1973 menjadi sangat kentara dalam perang Irak.

Topic: International Law and Aviation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: A population-based survey

BACKGROUND: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of stress-sensitive gut-brain disorders. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused immense stress and anxiety among the general public. Strict measures to counter COVID-19 emergency, including physical distancing have also taken a toll on physical and mental health. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: An online survey was conducted in Japan for a group of randomly assigned panelists from May 26 to 27, 2020. Each respondent answered a questionnaire on stress, physical distancing, and worries about COVID-19. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed to diagnose FD and IBS (Rome III), and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: A total of 5157 subjects were finally enrolled, with FD in 8.5%, IBS in 16.6%, and FD-IBS overlap in 4.0%. For both gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, respondents with FD-IBS overlap showed the worst scores, followed by IBS-alone, then FD-alone respondents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 11.9% of respondents reported deterioration and 2.8% reported improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms. FD-IBS overlap, psychological disease comorbidity, and stress at work/school were significantly associated with symptom deterioration. Younger age, commuting by public transport, and work/study from home were associated with symptom improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected FD/IBS subjects, with respondents showing FD-IBS overlap syndrome as the most important independent factor associated with deterioration in gastrointestinal symptoms. Physicians need to take extra care of FD/IBS patients in the post-COVID period.

Topic: Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
George Errington and Roman Catholic Identity in Nineteenth-Century England. By Serenhedd James

Archbishop George Errington is one of the shadowy figures of nineteenth-century English Catholicism who stands behind the main characters, such as Wiseman, Newman, and Manning. He has long been regarded as something of an enigma, and unravelling ‘the Errington case’ has been a task from which historians have shied away. Serenhedd James, however, first in his doctoral thesis and then in this monograph, has taken on the challenge of investigating the evidence in forensic detail. Errington, while being at the centre of a controversial conflict with his old friend Wiseman, was evidently a man who stirred strong loyalty in his friends. Those friends must now include the author of this study, who, while recognizing the difficulties, concludes that Errington was a victim of circumstance, rather than the author of his own downfall. He has done a stalwart job in restoring Errington to the forefront of the often difficult and complex network of episcopal leadership in Victorian England, and persuasively argued that he ‘does not deserve the scant (and in many instances defamatory) attention that successive scholars have paid to his life and career’ (p. 249).

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Palestine, Land of Promise

Palestine, Land of Promise Palestine, Land of Promise. By Walter Clay Lowdermilk, Assistant Chief of the Soil Conservation Service of the United States of America. With a Foreword by John Russell, D.Sc, F.R.S. 1944. (London: Gollancz. 7½″ × 5″. 167 pp. Illus. 4s. 6d.) J. F. R. J. F. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 21, Issue 2, April 1945, Page 287, https://doi.org/10.2307/3016429 Published: 01 April 1945

Topic: African history and culture analysis
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Semiology of the Pain Syndrome - Identifying the Ideal Methods of Locoregional Anesthesia Based on Their Rationale and Features

Anesthesia and the degree of control over the perception of pain depends on the personality of the individual, the socio-economic conditions, potential previous painful experiences and, last but not least, on fatigue and fear of the dentist. The perception of pain in patients is closely connected to their mental state. Pain is defined as a sensation of discomfort, with wide variations, both in quality and intensity, for different people in seemingly identical conditions; an unpleasant sensitive and emotional phenomena connected to the threat of a wound or caused in the tissues or described in the terms of this disease. The essential element of any type of anesthesia is analgesia, an effect which in some cases cannot be achived, due to the patient�s particularities or the physician�s lack of experience in anesthesia. Locoregional anesthesia (LRA) represents the blocking of the nociceptive sensitive and sympathetic autonomic afferents as well as that of motor efferents at the level of peripheral nerves� axons, by means of local anesthetic. To achieve the set purpose, we carried out a study on a representative human sample comprised of 10.123 patients treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (Ambulatory) from the County Clinic Emergency Hospital St. Spiridon Iasi, between 01.01.2015-31.12.2016. The reason for the exclusion of certain categories of patients in the reseach was: the patients with a special conditions background require individual pre-anesthesia schemes, personalised for the nature of the pre-existing general condition, which must be further approved by the attending specialist physician : cardiologist, internist, diabetologist; children under 18 years old, with a high degree of anxiety; a high precentage of elderly patients, over 60 years old, possess a combination of general issues, thus requiring a special approach. The thoroughness lying at the core of the anesthetic practice, most especially the safegurading of a technical accuracy in the performance of anesthesia [12,], instead of improvisations, the lack of anatomical and stomatological training in general and the resulting inefficiency as such, is the underlying in-depth structuring element of this paper.

Topic: Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The multilayered organization of engineered human skin does not influence the formation of sunlight-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in cellular DNA.

Solar UVB initiates skin cancer mainly by generating highly premutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and subsequent mutations in critical growth control genes. It is universally presumed that the upper epidermis in human skin blocks a significant portion of the incident UVB, thereby protecting the cancer-prone basal layer from CPD formation. Using two sensitive techniques for measuring CPD in cellular DNA, we confirmed that the multilayered organization of engineered human skin efficiently shields the basal layer against 254-nm UVC (which is not present in terrestrial sunlight) but, very unexpectedly, provides virtually no protection against environmentally relevant UVB. This underscores the importance of regular sunscreen use, which, in light of our data, may constitute a considerably more important first line of defense against photocarcinogenesis than previously believed.

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knowledge Integration in Buyer-Supplier Collaboration in Product Development

The importance of internal integration for effective inter-firm collaboration with suppliers has been acknowledged, however it is unclear how internal integration is achieved in complex product development projects. This paper investigates how internal integration takes place and explores related project management challenges. Three internal integration approaches are found: integration based on multidirectional, frequent interaction; based on delimited, problem-solving teams; and based on unidirectional, information-oriented interaction. The paper shows that internal integration approaches are related to the degree of uncertainty in the subsystems of the suppliers rather than the overall product system. Consequently, in complex product development projects with several different suppliers involved, the specific supplier task rather than the overall project task determines internal integration in the project. This creates important challenges for organisation, and requires flexibility in internal integration approaches.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences