jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Toddler Development Factors in Terms of Biological, Psychosocial, Family and Customary Aspects in Padang City

UNICEF data in the 2017 year, nearly 200 million children in developing countries have stunted growth and development due to malnutrition.In addition, a report from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that Indonesian public health is the lowest in ASEAN, which is ranked 142 out of 170 countries.Factors that influence growth and development are biological, psychosocial, family, and customs.This study aims to the determinants of growth and developmental factors for children under five in terms of biological, psychosocial, family and customs aspects.This study uses an analytic observational design with a comparative cross-sectional approach.The population of this study is mothers who have toddlers aged 6 to 23 months in Padang.Data was collected by distributing questionnaires and WhatsApp.The hypothesis test used is Chi-Square.This study showed a relationship between biological, psychosocial, family, and customs factors with the growth and development of toddlers.

Topic: Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Skilled Egyptian diaspora contributions to Egypt

Purpose The study aims to learn of the contributions of the skilled Egyptian diaspora to the development of Egypt; to understand how these contributions differ according to their characteristics; and to discover obstacles and incentives to these contributions in the areas of investment, entrepreneurship, and return migration. Design/methodology/approach A total of 384 skilled Egyptian diasporans were surveyed online using a snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed through frequency analyses, crosstabulations, and chi‐square statistics. Findings The skilled Egyptian diaspora did make some contributions to Egypt; especially in technology transfer, entrepreneurship, return migration, remittances, and charity. However, their potential is not fully utilized. Contributions of the diaspora differed according to their age, industry, and prior work in Egypt. Government bureaucracy, unfair competition, and lack of innovation acted as obstacles to diaspora engagement, while the attractiveness of the Egyptian market, availability of labor, and the Egyptian culture acted as incentives. Research limitations/implications The use of a non‐probability sample poses challenges to the generalizability of the results. The use of questionnaires meant that more in‐depth analysis was not possible to obtain. Practical implications Government reform, market stimulation, and better outreach programs are needed for further diaspora mobilization. Originality/value Not enough research has been conducted to gauge the effect of the diaspora in Egypt even though they represent an important development opportunity for the country.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in MENA
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficacy of Gemcitabine on Intracranial Erlich Tumor and its Determinants

Abstract Gemcitabine is quite effective in the treatment of brain tumors, although this drug has a limited ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Aim of study is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine and other drugs with different permeability of BBB in the model of intracranial tumor. The therapeutic activity of gemcitabine, carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin was studied in mice with intracranially implanted Ehrlich tumor, and also gemcitabine in various doses - with intramuscularly implanted tumor. On intracranial tumor model gemcitabine (25 mg/kg) increased the life span (ILS) by 60−89% (p&lt;0.001), despite the fact that its permeability of the BBB is about 10%. Therapeutic activity of carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin (ILS were 44, 22 and 11%, respectively) corresponds with the BBB permeability for these drugs (90, 20 and 8%, respectively). On intramuscular tumor model, gemcitabine showed significant antitumor effect at both 25 and 2.5 mg/kg, indicating a wide range of therapeutic doses of this drug. Pronounced therapeutic effect of gemcitabine on intracranial tumor most likely is due to the small but sufficient concentration of the drug that overcomes the BBB.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Develop an APP for quantitative detection of alpha fetoprotein

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker for the early detection and effective therapy of cancer. Existing technologies for AFP detection, however, have significant limitations, such as complex processes, lengthy detection cycles, and high costs, which limit their practical usage in clinical settings. To address these issues, this project intends to provide an innovative and disruptive solution in the form of a dedicated mobile application (APP).This APP promises to change AFP detection paradigms by leveraging unique intellectual property containing AFP specific binding affinity peptides. By using these peptides, the proposed mobile application aims to overcome the limitations of previous approaches. This APP aims to ease the process of quantifying AFP levels using a user-friendly interface. The program aims to streamline detection methods by strategically combining cutting-edge technology with proprietary peptides, lowering complications and detection time.Furthermore, the use of privately held intellectual property might result in cost reductions during the APP's development and deployment phases. This strategic approach lays the groundwork for a more cost-effective and financially feasible solution. In essence, the suggested mobile application not only promises to improve AFP detection precision and efficiency, but it also has the ability to transform the landscape of cancer diagnostics in a more accessible and impactful way.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selective increase in T-type calcium conductance of reticular thalamic neurons in a rat model of absence epilepsy

The properties of voltage-dependent calcium currents were compared in thalamic neurons acutely dissociated from a rat model of absence epilepsy, designated as Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), and from a Nonepileptic Control strain (NEC). Two populations of neurons were isolated: thalamocortical relay neurons of the nucleus ventrobasalis (VB) and neurons of the nucleus reticularis (RT) of the thalamus. Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis demonstrated an increase in the amplitude of the calcium (Ca2+) current with a low threshold of activation (IT) in RT neurons of GAERS in comparison to that of the seizure-free rat strain (-198 +/- 19 pA and -128 +/- 14 pA, respectively), whereas the sustained component (IL) was not significantly different. The kinetic properties, voltage dependence, and basic pharmacological sensitivity of the Ca2+ conductances were similar in the two populations of neurons. The amplitude of both IT and IL in RT neurons increased after birth, and differences in IT between GAERS and NEC attained significance after postnatal day 11. At corresponding ages, the Ca2+ currents in VB thalamocortical relay neurons were not altered in GAERS in comparison to those in NEC. We conclude that the selective increase in IT of RT neurons enhances the probability of recurrent intrathalamic burst activity, thereby strengthening the synchronizing mechanisms in thalamocortical systems, and, as such, represents a possible primary neuronal dysfunction that relates to the pathological increase in synchronization underlying the generation of bilateral and synchronous spike and wave discharges (SWDs) in an established genetic model of generalized epilepsy.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Feed Optimization of Cycloidal Bevel Gear Format Cutting Based on Equal Cutting Area

When machining the cycloidal bevel gear on the CNC machine tool, the cutting force is gradually increased with the increase of the cutting depth when the feed speed of the cutter head is constant. The fluctuation of the cutting force is easy to cause the spindle vibration, reduce the surface quality. The off-line control is mainly used to optimize the NC code, and the cutting feed in the NC code is segmented according to the corresponding optimization algorithm and the constraint condition. When the spindle speed is 90 rpm, constant feed 40 mm/min, the cutting force of the volatility of 127.45%. When the feed rate is reduced from 50 mm/min to 26mm/min, the fluctuation rate of the cutting force is 46%. The variable feed control can effectively reduce the amplitude fluctuation of the cutting force.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
2. Reflective Critical Theory: A Systematic Reconstruction Of Axel Honneth’s Social Philosophy

This chapter emphasises the reflective and systematic dimensions in Axel Honneth's social philosophy. In the first part, the chapter defines three fundamental assumptions underpinning Honneth's model as it has been developed in his first publications until the book co-written with Nancy Fraser. The three basic theoretical decisions that build the argumentative core of Honneth's model are: an historical-conceptual thesis about modernity, a two-fold social-ontological thesis about subject constitution and social reproduction, and finally a political axiom impacting on the form and content of the first two axioms. In the second part, the chapter shows how the systematicity of Honneth's model does not run into logical circularity thanks to its specific reflective nature. In the third part, the chapter focuses on the latest writings to show how the two shifts that the first model has undergone do not put in question the long-term coherence of Honneth's social philosophy. Keywords: Axel Honneth; critical theory of society; historical-conceptual thesis about modernity; political axiom; social philosophy; social-ontological thesis

Topic: Critical Theory and Philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Tumescenamide C and Its Derivatives

Tumescenamide C (<b>1</b>) is an antimicrobial compound produced by <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. KUSC_F05 and consists of a cyclic depsipeptide core and a polyketide side chain with branched methyl groups. Here, we report the total synthesis of tumescenamide C and two derivatives, mainly using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). In addition, a biological evaluation of these compounds revealed the critical partial structure in <b>1</b> for antimicrobial activity.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of RMB International on Pricing Power of China’s Bulk Stock

With the development of our economy, China has an increasingly demand for bulk commodities and becomes a net importer of many bulk commodities. However, China has little control over bulk commodity pricing and has to passively accept the prices, which damages the interest of our country badly. Adding the RMB to the SDR is the new start of internationalization of RMB, and brings the new opportunity for controlling over bulk commodity pricing. Based on a large number of the existing literature, this paper first takes point of view in the opportunities and challenges of the join of RMB to the SDR, then analyzes the mechanism of the bulk commodity and the situation of lack of bulk commodity pricing. Finally, this paper summarizes the internationalization strategy of RMB under the background of commodity pricing power and the influence of RMB entry into SDR on the pricing power of commodities in China.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Statistical and numerical study of the relationship between turbulence and sonic boom characteristics

A statistical analysis of data collected by NASA during supersonic flight operations in the 1960’s shows that turbulence is related to characteristics of the sonic boom. Both convective and mechanical turbulence increase the rise times and produce peaked and rounded waveforms. Convective conditions are especially conducive to the formation of peaked waveforms. A physical model has been developed to investigate the interaction of sonic booms with turbulence. Scattering center-based calculations demonstrate that scattering from eddies with sizes from 10 to 100 m is effective in producing long rise times and all major types of non-N boom shapes.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Responsible inclusive innovation: tackling grand challenges globally

This chapter argues that a just concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) has to be global. Three prominent definitions of RRI are surveyed to assess their suitability for globalization. The foundational principles of the von Schomberg definition (ethical acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability) are then taken forward in a comparison with the concept of inclusive innovation. Inclusive innovation is a term widely used by international agencies, such as the World Bank, and middle-income economy governments (China, India, Brazil and South Africa). Bringing out the parallels between societal desirability and inclusive innovation as well as their connection to the grand challenges of humankind leads to the conclusion that RRI can go global.

Topic: Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
Subfield: Business and International Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-traumatic dislocation of the radial head in cerebral palsy

To our knowledge, there has been only one previous description of dislocation of the radial head associated with cerebral palsy. This paper describes nine such dislocations, eight of which were bilateral and posterior and one, unilateral and anterior. There was an incidence of this abnormality of 2.4 per cent in 368 of the cases surveyed. Of those patients with cerebral palsy and with flexion contracture of the elbow and pronation contracture of the forearm, 27 per cent had the dislocation.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides

We herein present a broadly useful method for the chemoselective modification of a wide range of tryptophan-containing peptides. Exposing a tryptophan-containing peptide to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) resulted in a selective cyclodehydration between the peptide backbone and the indole side chain of tryptophan to form a fully conjugated indolyl-oxazole moiety. The modified peptides show a characteristic and significant emission maximum at 425 nm, thus making the method a useful strategy for fluorescence labeling.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Multiple Metrics of Temperature, Light, and Water Motion Drive Gradients in Eelgrass Productivity and Resilience

Characterizing the response of ecosystems to global climate change requires that multiple aspects of environmental change be considered simultaneously, however, it can be difficult to describe the relative importance of environmental metrics given their collinearity. Here, we present a novel framework for disentangling the complex ecological effects of environmental variability by documenting the emergent properties of eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) ecosystems across ∼225 km of the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, representing gradients in temperature, light, sediment properties, and water motion, and evaluate the relative importance of different metrics characterizing these environmental conditions (e.g., means, extremes, variability on different time scales) for eelgrass bioindicators using lasso regression and commonality analysis. We found that eelgrass beds in areas that were warmer, shallower, and had low water motion had lower productivity and resilience relative to beds in deeper, cooler areas that were well flushed, and that higher temperatures lowered eelgrass tolerance to low-light conditions. There was significant variation in the importance of various metrics of temperature, light, and water motion across biological responses, demonstrating that different aspects of environmental change uniquely impact the cellular, physiological, and ecological processes underlying eelgrass productivity and resilience, and contribute synergistically to the observed ecosystem response. In particular, we identified the magnitude of temperature variability over daily and tidal cycles as an important determinant of eelgrass productivity. These results indicate that ecosystem responses are not fully resolved by analyses that only consider changes in mean conditions, and that the removal of collinear variables prior to analyses relating environmental metrics to biological change reduces the potential to detect important environmental effects. The framework we present can help to identify the conditions that promote high ecosystem function and resilience, which is necessary to inform nearshore conservation and management practices under global climate change.

Topic: Marine and coastal plant biology
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inverse Problems for Multi-Dimensional Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

The parabolic inverse boundary value problem is defined, and the major characteristics common to multi-dimensional parabolic inverse problems are discussed. These include sensitivity to measurement error and noise, the value of future time information, the nonuniqueness of estimates, and the effects of temperature dependent thermal properties. The importance of quantifying resolution degradation and estimate variances is discussed.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structurally Diverse Chaetophenol Productions Induced by Chemically Mediated Epigenetic Manipulation of Fungal Gene Expression

Epigenetic manipulation of gene expression in Chaetomium indicum using a HDAC inhibitor led to the isolation of structurally diverse chaetophenols, and 3, 4 and 5 bear unprecedented polycyclic skeletons. The expression of two silent genes (pksCH-1 and pksCH-2) for nonreducing PKSs involved in chaetophenol biosynthesis was associated with an increase of histone acetylation level. The heterologous gene expression study in Aspergillus oryzae revealed pksCH-2 to be the NR-PKS gene for 8.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growth and population structure of brown trout, Salmo trutta fario L., in homeothermous stream conditions from a management point of view

Abstract. A brown trout, Salmo trutta fario L., population in homeothermous stream conditions was investigated in terms of age, length-weight relationship, annual and seasonal growth, changes in seasonal condition and specific growth rates, as management variables. The growth of this species in the stream studied was very good, with the most rapid growth in the first year of its life (15·9cm) when the juvenile trout emerged early (April) from the stream bed. The greatest specific growth rate in length was between birth and the first year of life (182·6%). There was an agreement between the condition factor (K) and the growth rate. The values of K, for the juvenile trout, increased continuously because these mainly resulted from their growth through the year. The growth of the two sexes was similar except for the period from October to February when the growth of males was higher than that of females. Also the growth for both sexes was well described by the Von Bertalanffy growth model. No effect was found on the growth rate of tagged and untagged fish. The density and biomass were low, ranging between 0·008 and 0·035 fish.m−2 and 1·25 and 5·63 g.m2 respectively.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Case of Brain Tumor with Unilateral Elevation of Retinal Artery Pressure

The determinat ion of retinal a r te ry pressure m a y be a helpful diagnostic procedure in eases present ing cerebral vascular problems. A significantly lowered retinal a r t e ry pressure is present on the side of the involved internal carot id a r t e ry in cases of thrombosis of the internal carot id ar tery , and the procedure is a reliable and valuable aid in the differential diagnosis of this condition. I n a group of 7 pa t ien ts with p roven thrombosis of the internal carot id a r te ry there was an average per cen t difference of 31.7 per cent diastolic and ~4.1 per cen t systolic pressure as compared to 5.~ per cent and 3.3 per cent in normal controls. 3 Recen t ly we have had the oppor tun i ty of observing a case tha t i l lustrates the possibili ty of misinterpret ing retinal a r te ry pressure determinations. The oph tha lmodynamomet r i c findings in this ease, while no t entirely typical of thrombosis of the internal carot id ar tery , cer tainly migh t lead to such a diagnosis. The case is, therefore, repor ted briefly in order t h a t those working with the technique of oph tha lmod y n a m o m e t r y m a y become eognizant of the occurrence of this unusual retinal a r t e ry pressure va r ian t and thus avoid mis interpre ta t ion of the readings.

Topic: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Containment of Blast Effects from the Detonation of Small High Explosive Charges.

A spherical containment device to be used for the safe transportation of high explosives was evaluated for its ability to suppress blast effects from internal explosive detonations of charge weights extending to 483 gms (17.03 oz. ) of 50/50 pentolite explosive. The device consisted of a steel sphere with a specially designed port to permit the placement of high explosive material inside. In a series of tests, charges of different weights were detonated inside the device. Overpressure measurements were recorded at 61 cm. from the outside surface and pressure measurements were made on the interior. The strain experienced by the sphere was measured on the outside surface. The study demonstrated that the design criteria has been met since the device was capable of containing the explosive gases and restricting the exterior overpressure below the threshold for human ear drum rupture. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Requirements for a Vision Based System for Detecting Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic seizures can pose a risk to those affected, which can be reduced by seizure monitoring. However, the automated visionbased detection of epileptic seizures comes with some challenges of computer vision. In this work, basic knowledge about epileptic seizures and relevant computer vision methods are presented. Based on this and other literature, requirements for a system for detecting seizures are derived and discussed.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences