jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Images of Encounters in Social Work - with a Focus on Social Interaction, Morality and Gender

This chapter provides an overview of Nordic research concerning the encounter between social workers and clients. It reports the results of research conducted in Nordic countries on the encounter between social workers and clients within social services. The focus of the report is being upon research studying authentic conversations between social workers and clients. Encounters between clients and social workers are influenced by a number of different factors. The chapter shows how social interaction may be understood as a kind of negotiation process between the parties to the conversation. The interplay between participants in the encounter in the social welfare institution was said in the introduction to be dependent upon relevant background and contextual factors. The encounter between the social worker and client within social welfare institutions may be described as a phase in the transformation of sociopolitical issues to institutionally delimited problem definitions and measures that are the hallmark of modern society.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EWRR abstracts Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71(Suppl 1):A1–A93 A21 7 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PREGNANCY AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR AGAINST RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background and objectives The female preponderance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) implies that reproductive factors may play an important role in its pathogenesis. Although sev-eral studies have shown an inverse association between previ-ous pregnancy and RA development this fi nding has not been consistently reproduced and the precise relationship remains uncertain. The authors therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examin-ing pregnancy as a risk factor for RA. Our primary aim was to establish if pregnancy is associated with the risk of RA. Our secondary aim was to evaluate if this risk varies by rheu-matoid factor (RF)/anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status. Materials and methods Search strategy: the authors searched Medline/EMBASE (1947 November 2011) using the search

Topic: Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The study of length estimation evoked by dynamic vibrotactile stimuli

Tactual length perception is not only affected by the distance between two physical stimulation points, but also related with the patterns of the tactile stimuli. The vibration parameters which we study include spatial distribution (regular or irregular), vibratory rhythm (simultaneously or sequentially), number of stimulators, burst duration and vibration intensity. This paper mainly presents three experiments aimed to study the perceived length evoked by vibrotactile stimuli. In the pair-wise comparison experiments, standard (fixed) and comparison lines were respectively presented on the back of subjects. The standard line is the linearly arranged tactors with constant vibration parameters, while the vibration parameters of the comparison ones are variable. The results showed that the vibration parameters contributed differently to the length estimation performance. Vibration intensity, spatial distribution, rhythm have little effect on tactile length perception. While the number of stimulators and vibratory duration both having significant effect on the length estimation performance. There is a tendency to overestimate the vibration lines which contains more tactors or has longer stimulus duration.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatiotemporal factors in infant position sensitivity: Single bar stimuli

The ability of 3-month-old human infants to detect the presence of spatial misalignments in single-bar stimuli was investigated in a series of spatiotemporal stimulus manipulations. Both discrete and sinusoidal positional offsets, either stationary or temporally modulated, were presented using the forced-choice preferential looking technique. When discrete offsets were presented in alternation with the absence of offsets, thresholds were a factor of two worse than previous estimates of infant vernier acuity using grating stimuli. However, when offsets (discrete or sinusoidal) were presented in continuous motion, mean threshold was 22–24 arcmin, comparable to previous estimates using gratings with moving discrete offsets. For stimuli containing continuous motion, lowering velocity reduced infants' positional sensitivity. However, when either velocity or temporal frequency was held constant, the most important determinant of positional sensitivity was the sharpness of the offsets. The results from the temporally-modulated stimuli suggest that a simple local flicker mechanism cannot account for sensitivity when continuous motion is used in the stimulus; rather, a local motion mechanism may govern sensitivity in these conditions. We characterize this mechanism as one of "local motion" because it does have a position-sensitive component. The two stationary stimulus conditions in the present study indicate that infants can use a position-sensitive mechanism when no temporal modulation is present.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Zero Shot Crosslingual Eye-Tracking Data Prediction using Multilingual Transformer Models

Eye tracking data during reading is a useful source of information to understand the cognitive processes that take place during language comprehension processes. Different languages account for different brain triggers , however there seems to be some uniform indicators. In this paper, we describe our submission to the CMCL 2022 shared task on predicting human reading patterns for multi-lingual dataset. Our model uses text representations from transformers and some hand engineered features with a regression layer on top to predict statistical measures of mean and standard deviation for 2 main eye-tracking features. We train an end to end model to extract meaningful information from different languages and test our model on two seperate datasets. We compare different transformer models and show ablation studies affecting model performance. Our final submission ranked 4th place for SubTask-1 and 1st place for SubTask-2 for the shared task.

Topic: Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Erratum:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mn>80</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Fullerene: An<i>Ab Initio</i>Prediction of Geometry, Stability, and Electronic Structure [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>98</b>, 166804 (2007)]

Received 28 February 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.159901©2008 American Physical Society

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microbial ecogenomics and forensic archaeology: new methods for investigating clandestine gravesites

In the mid-1990s, the crime scene toolkit was revolutionised by the introduction of DNA-based analyses such as the polymerase chain reaction, low copy number DNA analysis, short-tandem repeat typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and variable number tandem repeat. Since then, methodological advances in other disciplines, especially molecular microbial ecology, can now be adapted for cutting-edge applications in forensic contexts. Despite several studies and discussions, there is, however, currently very little evidence of these techniques adoption at the contemporary crime scene. Consequently, this article discusses some of the popular omics and their current and potential exploitations in the forensic ecogenomics of body decomposition in a crime scene. Thus, together with published supportive findings and discourse, knowledge gaps are identified. These then justify the need for more comprehensive, directed, concerted and global research towards state-of-the-art microecophysiology method application and/or adaptation for subsequent successful exploitations in this additional context of microbial forensics.

Topic: Forensic and Genetic Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sex differences in empathy for pain: What is the role of autonomic regulation?

Abstract Empathy involves both affective and cognitive components whereby we understand, and express concerns for, the experiences of others. Women typically have superior trait empathy compared with men, which seems to have a neurological basis with sex differences in the structure and function of neural networks involved in empathy. This study investigated sex differences in empathy for pain using the Empathy for Pain Scale, and examined whether these trait differences were associated with disruptions in autonomic regulation, specifically via the parasympathetic nervous system (measured through the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R‐R intervals; RMSSD) both at rest and during a socioevaluative stress task (i.e., the serial sevens task). Compared with men, women reported higher empathic concern (Cohen's r = .25) and affective distress (Cohen's d = 0.65) toward another in pain. In both men and women, there was a decrease in lnRMSSD in the stress task compared to rest. Sex moderated the relationship between resting lnRMSSD and self‐reported empathic concern. Specifically, there was no clear association between empathic concern and lnRMSSD in men whereas in women there was a negative relationship, with lower resting lnRMSSD associated with higher empathic concern, and higher lnRMSSD associated with lower levels of empathic concern that were similar to men. These findings suggest that empathic feelings may result from poorer psychophysiological regulation, and concur with previous research displaying sex‐specific relationships between resting heart rate variability and emotion regulation abilities.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Has the Pendulum Swung Too Far? The Impact of Missed Abdominal Injuries in the Era of Nonoperative Management

Nonoperative management for traumatic injuries has significantly influenced trauma care during the last decade. We undertook this study to assess the impact of nontherapeutic laparotomies for suspected abdominal injuries compared with delayed laparotomies for questionable abdominal injuries for patients with abdominal trauma. The records of patients admitted to the trauma service between 2002 and 2007 who underwent laparotomies deemed nontherapeutic or delayed were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, severity of injury, management scheme, and outcome data were analyzed. Sixteen patients underwent delayed laparotomies, whereas 26 patients incurred nontherapeutic laparotomies. Injury severity scores, Glasgow coma scale scores, abdominal abbreviated injury scale score (AIS), and age were similar for both populations. Delayed laparotomies occurred an average of 7 ± 9 days postinjury. Intensive care unit length of stay (26 ± 24 vs 10 ± 6 days), hospital length of stay (40 ± 37 vs 11 ± 10 days), ventilator days (31 ± 29 vs 11 ± 10), and number of abdominal operative procedures (1.9 ± 1.5 vs 1 ± 0) were significantly higher in the delayed laparotomies group versus the nontherapeutic laparotomies group, respectively. Delayed diagnosis of intra-abdominal injuries yielded a significantly increased morbidity and mortality. During the evolving era of technological imaging for traumatic injuries, we must not allow the nonoperative pendulum to swing too far.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on sarcoplasmic reticulum of saponin-treated rat cardiac muscle

We have studied the effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of saponin-treated rat cardiac trabeculae. Rapid application of 20 mM caffeine released Ca2+ from the SR, which was detected using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator indo 1. The amplitude of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transient was used as an index of the Ca2+ content of the SR before, during, and after exposure to various concentrations of BDM. BDM (1-5 mM) had little effect on caffeine-induced Ca2+ release. At these levels of BDM, force was inhibited predominantly by a direct action of BDM on the myofilaments. However, with higher concentrations (5-30 mM), BDM caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the amount of Ca2+ released from the SR in response to caffeine. This action of BDM may contribute to the negative inotropic effect of the drug in intact cardiac preparations by reducing the amount of Ca2+ available for release during systole. Rapid application of BDM induced a net release of Ca2+ from the SR. Both BDM and caffeine-induced Ca2+ releases were abolished following treatment of the muscle with 10 microM ryanodine. BDM failed to release Ca2+ in the absence of ATP or after substitution of ATP with nonhydrolyzable adenine nucleotides. In contrast, caffeine released Ca2+ in the absence of ATP. The possible involvement of the Ca(2+)-uptake pump in the action of BDM on the SR is discussed.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High‐Performance Li‐O<sub>2</sub> Batteries Enabled by Dibenzo‐24‐Crown‐8 Aldehyde Derivative as Electrolyte Additives

Abstract Aprotic Li‐O 2 batteries (LOB) with high theoretical energy density usually experience cathode clogging by insoluble Li 2 O 2 , along with high charge overpotential from its insulating nature. A dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 aldehyde derivative (DB24C8A) is employed as an additive to enhance the binding strength with Li + , hence promoting the solubility of Li 2 O 2 . The generated [DB24C8A•Li + ] avoids the parasitic reactions caused by reactive O 2 − . Thus, the LOB achieves a large discharge capacity of 6939 mAh g −1 at 200 mA g −1 and a high Li 2 O 2 yield (≈93%). Moreover, DB24C8A facilitates the efficient decomposition of Li 2 O 2 via Li + coordination during the charge process, reducing the charge overpotential to 0.77 V and prolonging the lifetime of the LOB over 213 cycles at 1000 mAh g −1 and 500 mA g −1 . This work provides a novel approach to boost the performance of LOB by incorporation of crown ether‐based compounds to regulate the Li 2 O 2 growth and decomposition pathway.

Topic: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Invariance, Coincidence, and Statistical Equivalence of the GLRT, Rao Test, and Wald Test

Three common techniques to discriminate between alternatives in a binary hypothesis testing problem are: the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), the Rao test, and the Wald test. In this paper, we investigate some characteristics of the corresponding decision statistics and provide their expressions for some problems of particular interest in statistical signal processing. First of all, we focus on the invariance of the Rao and Wald tests with respect to transformations leaving the testing problem unaltered. Then, we introduce necessary and sufficient conditions in order for their decision statistics to coincide with twice the logarithm of the GLRT statistic. Finally, we present some detection problems, usually encountered in practical signal processing applications, where the decision variables of the three quoted tests are equivalent, namely related by strictly monotonic transformations. © 2006 IEEE.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Response of the autonomous nervous system of the heart in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

The vegetative response of the heart in 80 diabetic patients and 24 controls was evaluated by means of four tests: cyclic variations, Valsalva's maneuver, static muscular exercises and postural hypotension. This methodology indicates that vegetative alterations of the heart in the diabetic subjects are frequent (56.25 per cent). The parameters which are first affected are the cyclic variations and the Valsalva's maneuver, and that this disorder increases with the duration of the diabetes, showing a clear correlation with the appearance of peripheral somatic polyneuropathy. Although from a clinical point of view orthostatic hypotension is the more obvious manifestation, its implication in other situations, such as unexplained tachycardia, silent myocardial infarction and sudden death in the diabetic patient, lends great importance to this little-known form of degenerative disorder in diabetes mellitus.

Topic: Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Resistive ballooning modes in an axisymmetric toroidal plasma with long mean-free path

Tokamak devices normally operate at such high temperatures that the resistive fluid description is inappropriate. In particular, the collision frequency may be low enough for trapped particles to exist. However, on account of the high conductivity of such plasmas, one can identify two separate scale lengths when discussing resistive ballooning modes. By describing plasma motion on one of these, the connection length, in terms of kinetic theory the dynamics of trapped particles can be incorporated. On the resistive scale length, this leads to a description in terms of modified fluid equations in which trapped particle effects appear. The resulting equations are analyzed and the presence of trapped particles is found to modify the stability properties qualitatively.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on Prediction Method of Performance Degradation of Flexible Optoelectronic Film Material Processing Equipment Based on Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering

Flexible photoelectric film is an anisotropic material. The slight change of equipment performance during processing is prone to cause deformation of the material. Therefore, it is important to predict the degradation of processing equipment performance. Since the performance degradation of flexible photoelectric film material Roll-to-Roll (R2R) processing equipment is a nonlinear process, this paper introduces an adaptive fuzzy clustering method to construct a fuzzy membership function model for calculating the performance degradation index of R2R processing equipment and studies the parameter solving method such as the AFCM division of the roller vibration data, the category center value of the fuzzy membership function, and the input data division area width. Finally, the performance degradation index calculation algorithm is designed. The roller shaft accelerated life test was carried out using self-made equipment. The test data were 1000 sets. The results showed that the root mean square eigenvalues and the kurtosis eigenvalues of the roller vibration data are sensitive to the performance degradation. The equipment performance curve described by the first and second types of performance degradation indicators was very stable in the early stage. After the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">800</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">h</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> group, the curve continued to decrease, and the change was more severe, indicating that the performance degradation of the equipment is more serious. In the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">980</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">h</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> group, the longer-lasting roller shaft was damaged, and the performance index value was about zero, which proved the correctness of the performance degradation prediction method proposed in this paper in calculating the performance degradation value of the equipment.

Topic: Grey System Theory Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Sceneggiata

This chapter discusses the canzone sceneggiata (“staged song”), or simply sceneggiata (“staged”), a precursor of neomelodica music. The sceneggiata is a century-old Neapolitan melodramatic musical performance genre that has taken the form of theater, film (silent and sound), and music videos. It heavily influenced neomelodica music, which shares with it many aesthetic features and conjures some of the same sensibilities. In its early life, the sceneggiata was a potent force in popular culture in Campania and in Italian diasporas. This force waned across decades of political economic change. Now the sceneggiata is staged only as fragments in Neapolitan popular culture and performances of everyday life. The reasons for this change are registered in both the waning potency of allegory and the allegorical narrative itself.

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents of Children with Fepile Convulsion

CONTEXT: Parental anxiety and apprehension is related to inadequate\nknowledge of fever and fepile convulsion. AIMS: To study the knowledge,\nattitude, and practices of the parents of children with fepile\nconvulsions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective questionnaire based study\nin a tertiary care centre carried over a period of one year. SUBJECTS\nAND METHODS: 140 parents of consecutive children presenting with fepile\nconvulsion were enrolled. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test.\nRESULTS: 83 parents (59.3%) could not recognise the convulsion; 90.7%\n(127) did not carry out any intervention prior to getting the child to\nthe hospital. The commonest immediate effect of the convulsion on the\nparents was fear of death (n=126, 90%) followed by insomnia (n=48,\n34.3%), anorexia (n=46, 32.9%), crying (n=28, 20%) and fear of epilepsy\n(n=28, 20%). Fear of pain damage, fear of recurrence and dyspepsia were\nvoiced by the fathers alone (n=20, cumulative incidence 14.3%). 109\n(77.9%) parents did not know the fact that the convulsion can occur due\nto fever. The long-term concerns included fear of epilepsy (n=64,\n45.7%) and future recurrence (n=27, 19.3%) in the affected child. For\n56 (40%) of the parents every subsequent episode of fever was like a\nnightmare. Only 21 parents (15%) had thermometer at home and 28 (20%)\nknew the normal range of body temperature. Correct preventive measures\nwere known only to 41 (29.2%). Awareness of fepile convulsion and the\npreventive measures was higher in socio-economic grade (P&amp;lt; 0.05).\nCONCLUSIONS: The parental fear of fever and fepile convulsion is a\nmajor problem with serious negative consequences affecting daily\nfamilial life.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences