jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of a multidisciplinary care pathway for people with profound and multiple learning disabilities

The adult community learning disability team in Cornwall made a commitment to provide a better service for people with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD). This resulted in audits against government papers and reports that encourage high-quality care for people with PMLD and a range of projects, including care pathway development and implementation, staff training and improving links with primary care. The care pathway aims to provide multidisciplinary assessment and intervention for people’s specialist health needs. Evidence shows that it has had a positive effect, but also identified areas for further work. Further recommendations have been proposed to improve care delivery for people with PMLD in the Cornwall adult learning disability service.

Topic: Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Maternal Near-Miss Obstetric Events and Maternal Mortality

Aim: To know about the prevalence, characteristic and nature of near miss events and to relate the nature of near miss events with that of maternal mortality. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Unit IV, LUMHS Jamshoro from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Pregnancy outcomes segregated into maternal death, near-miss event, or live birth categories. Age, level of education, religion, and residence were socio demographic variables. Obstetrics characteristics and nature of maternal near-miss events also studied. Result: The prevalence of maternal near-miss event was 5.6%, and the maternal near-miss events were seen more in multigravida, pregnant women with the lack of antenatal care in referral cases. Live birth as fetal outcome was 75%. The maternal death to near-miss ratio in this study was 1:5. 44 (42.3%) postpartum haemorrhage and 28 (26.9%), hypertensive disorders cases were leading cause of maternal near-miss events. Conclusion: Every fifth women who survived life-threatening complications, one died. Maternal near-miss should be adopted as an indicator for evaluating maternal health services. Keywords: Maternal near-miss (MNM), Maternal mortality, Life-threatening complication

Topic: Maternal and fetal healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An International View of Surgically Assisted Conception and Surrogacy Tourism

Modern medicine, specifically assisted reproductive technology (ART), has overtaken the law in many jurisdictions around the world. New technologies and practices open a Pandora's Box of ethical, religious, social and legal questions, and may present a variety of significant legal problems to the courts and legislators. Surrogate motherhood and pregnancy through ART have both attracted controversy. Some groups condemn ART and want it banned while its supporters acknowledge there is a need for legislative guidelines and regulations. A proposed statute, the Assisted Reproductive Technique Services Act, aimed at regulating reproductive technologies, including surrogacy arrangements, will be introduced in the Malaysian parliament, probably in 2012, and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2010 is already before the Indian parliament. This paper will discuss several of the potential socio-legal issues surrounding ART in the light of the complex situation, with a comparative analysis of the Malaysian, USA, UK and Indian positions.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE DIVERSITY OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTE, A HABITAT OF ORNAMENTAL FISH IN LAKE SENTANI, PAPUA

The diversity of aquatic macrophyte as a habitat of ornamental fish in Lake Sentani (139 ?? 23-139 ?? 38 E and 02 ?? 35-02 ?? 41 S) was studied. A square plot (1x1m) with total of 9 plots were set up

Topic: Biological Control of Invasive Species
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Production and export performance of Indian onion- Markov chain analysis

South Asia is native to onion (Allium cepa) and India is the second largest producer of onion after China.In the present study Markov chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major onion markets.It was estimated that during 2010-11 the major onion export destinations were Bangladesh (36.55 %), Malaysia (21.03 %) and others contributing about 16.47 per cent.The increasing share of other countries clearly showed the need to explore and exploit the market potential of other countries.Efforts are also needed to improve the efficiency of production and quality in order to stabilize the markets.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Multiple just-noticeable-difference-based no-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment

Just-noticeable difference (JND) is an important characteristic of the human visual system (HVS), and some established JND models imitating the perception of human eyes already exist. However, their utilization in stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA) remains limited. To better simulate how HVS senses 3D images under a no-reference situation, a novel SIQA method based on multiple JND models is proposed in this paper. In our metric, the stereoscopic image pairs are decomposed into multi-scale monocular views and binocular views. Then, texture and edge information of these multi-scale images is extracted. Next, a monocular JND model, a binocular JND model, and a depth JND model are separately applied to the extracted features and the depth map. Finally, these features are synthesized and mapped to objective scores. Through experiment and comparison on public 3D image databases, the proposed method shows a competitive advantage over most state-of-the-art SIQA methods, which indicates that it has a promising prospect in practical applications.

Topic: Image and Video Quality Assessment
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluating Human Risk in Side Impact Collisions with Roadside Objects

Full-scale crash tests are traditionally used to assess the danger posed by roadside object. Crash test evaluation criteria should relate the observable response of the vehicle and the struck object to the likely risk of injury to vehicle occupants in similar real-world collisions. Side impact collisions are particularly serious impacts, but no evaluation guidelines exist. A simple method is presented for determining human risk in a side impact collision with a roadside object from the velocity profile of the impacted face of the struck object. This method not only eliminates the use of anthropometric test devices in crash tests, but also gives conservative values to account for the variable occupant position at the time of impact.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Analysis of Spreader Grafts and Spreader Flaps on Intranasal Drug Delivery Efficiency to Posterolateral Nasal Wall

Background: This study compared the impact of spreader grafts (SG) and spreader flaps (SF) on the transport of intranasal drug delivery to target the posterolateral nasal wall. Method: SG and SF were each performed in sequence on two cadaveric specimens after soft tissue elevation technique. Computed tomography scans were acquired following each procedure to generate anatomic models for computational fluid dynamics simulation of intranasal sprays under the following conditions: inhalation rate (15 and 30 L/min), spray velocity (1, 5, and 10 m/s), spray released location (center, lateral, medial, top, and bottom), head position (upright, tilted-forward, tilted-backward, and supine), and particle diameter (1-100 µm). Percentage of particles deposited on the posterolateral nasal wall were calculated. Results: For Specimen 1, highest posterolateral wall depositions were Pre-Op: left = 74%, right = 74%; SF: left = 53%, right = 22%; SG: left = 60%, right = 61%. For Specimen 2, highest posterolateral wall depositions were Pre-Op: left = 25%, right = 83%; SF: left = 29%, right = 76%; SG: left = 14%, right = 72%. In general, posterolateral wall deposition was higher at 30 L/min inhalation rate and at 1 m/s spray velocity. Conclusions: Drug delivery targeting the posterolateral nasal wall appears to be dependent on many factors. However, midvault nasal reconstruction does not increase drug delivery to the posterolateral nasal wall.

Topic: Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Concentric and Eccentric Hamstringstrength Training in Improving Muscle Strength Andpower among Futsal Players - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Hamstring injury is a common problem in many sports, especially those involving acceleration and maximal sprints. Hamstring strains are both common and painful. During sprinting the hip flexor and knee extensor torques are frequently produced and is opposed by the hamstring muscles, hence there are numerous studies done on the muscle strength training to prevent the hamstring strain injury as it is statistically stated as the highest rate involved injury in the contact sport. This study has been focused to evaluate the effectiveness of concentric and eccentric exercises in improving hamstring muscle strength and power among futsal players. Method: Thirty recreational futsal players were recruited for the study and were randomly divided into two groups. Each group received either hamstring curl exercise (concentric) or Nordic hamstring exercise (eccentric) twice a week for 4 weeks. The manual muscle test (MMT) and 40-yard dash test was used to evaluate the muscle strength and power respectively by comparing the pretest and posttest values for both groups. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between pre and post test values of MMT (Concentric (right side, z=.317; left side, z=.157), Eccentric (right side, z=.157; left side, z=.317)) in both groups. Based on paired 't' test there is a significant difference between the pre and post test on improving muscle power [Concentric group, P=.020; Eccentric Group, P=.000]. Mann–Whitney U test and unpaired 't' test showed that there is no significant difference between both groups of MMT (z=.775) and 40-yard dash test (P=.707) respectively. Conclusion: The concentric strength training and eccentric strength training have a similar effect in improving hamstring muscle power in futsal players.

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Language and Dis-Citizenship in Canada

Abstract Language policy generally is framed in terms of rational choice, but this ignores the interplay of material and symbolic resources and the role of ideologies of language, culture, class, and nation in organizing the social and the moral order. Using examples from Canada, this article shows how dis-citizenship is a matter of struggle over access to resources, framed within the dominant ideologies of language and culture connected to the workings of the nation-state. Keywords: languageideologyCanadalegitimacy

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International Health Security Competency

Rapid progress of technologies does not only exclusively belong to developed countries nowadays but also spread out to developing countries including Indonesia. There are many Indonesian universities and emerging translational medicine centers that had declared themselves as research centers focusing on to bring science from bench to bedside. Since the outbreak of 2007 Avian Influenza, Indonesia had been starting to accumulate more knowledge and experiences related to biosafety and biosecurity. While Indonesian researchers were focusing on biorisk management of high pathogenic bioagents, students were also being exposed gradually to more sophisticated biological hazards through the utilization of synthetic biology and genetic modifications on their own researches. Nurturing the responsible future generation of scientist whom aware of the ethical, biosafety, biosecurity concerns cannot become more important, considering the possibility of dual use research results, which could bring either prosperity or chaos to the universe.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aging and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain: what we have learned and where we should go from here

Abstract In the brains of adult vertebrates, including humans, neurogenesis occurs in restricted niches where it maintains cellular turnover and cognitive plasticity. In virtually all species, however, aging is associated with a significant decline in adult neurogenesis. Moreover, an acceleration of neurogenic defects is observed in models of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting an involvement in aging‐ and disease‐associated cognitive deficits. To gain insights into when, how and why adult neurogenesis decreases in the aging brain, we critically reviewed the scientific literature on aging of the rodent subventricular zone, the neurogenic niche of the adult forebrain. Our analysis revealed that deficits in the neurogenic pathway are largely established by middle age, but that there remains striking ambiguity in the underlying mechanisms, especially at the level of stem and progenitor cells. We identify and discuss several challenging issues that have contributed to these key gaps in our current knowledge. In the future, addressing these issues should help untangle the interactions between neurogenesis, aging and aging‐associated diseases.

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of DNA isolation methods from mammalian sperm cells and development of a new protocol

Sperm DNA tightly packed with protamines makes the DNA isolation procedure from sperm cells long and laborious. Cell lysis is also a challenging step because of the disulfide bonds-rich membranes of the sperm cells. In this study we aimed to evaluate potential rapid DNA isolation protocols to isolate DNA from mammalian sperm cells, and develop an easy, rapid, and cost-effective protocol for sperm DNA isolation which can be used in molecular biology and diagnostics. Sperm samples were collected from seven adult rats. Our developed protocol included Proteinase K and small amount of &#946;-mercaptoethanol (&#946;ME) for cell lysis. A modified salting-out technique was then employed to collect DNA. Alternative protocols involving InstaGene matrix and cell sonication techniques were also applied to achieve DNA isolation. Concentration of the DNA yield was measured, and the degradation of DNA was checked using agarose gel electrophoresis. The intactness of the DNA yield was assessed and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary gel electrophoresis techniques. The lysis of the cells and high-quality DNA yield have only been achieved using our developed optimized protocol. To confirm the quality of DNA for assays, PCR product was synthesized for rat actin &#946; (RAct&#946;) gene and then analyzed using capillary gel electrophoresis. A strong peak at right m/z value for the amplicon was obtained. We described an improved protocol over the previous methods suggesting the use of combined commercial kits and long incubation times. Degradation-free DNA was produced in a relatively rapid protocol (90 minutes) using the equipment and supplies common to most research and clinical laboratories. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 440-3]

Topic: Animal Genetics and Reproduction
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Norms of products and factors polynomials

We study inequalities connecting a product of uniform norms of polynomials with the norm of their product. Generalizing Gel'fond-Mahler inequality for the unit disk and Kneser-Borwein inequality for the segment $[-1,1]$, we prove an asymptotically sharp inequality for norms of products of algebraic polynomials over an arbitrary compact set in plane. Applying similar techniques, we produce a related inequality for the norm of a single monic factor of a monic polynomial. The best constants in both inequalities are obtained by potential theoretic methods. We also consider applications of the general results to the cases of a disk and a segment.

Topic: Analytic and geometric function theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Potassium channel assembly from concatenated subunits: effects of proline substitutions in S4 segments.

A concatenated cDNA was made that comprised four contiguous copies of the rat brain potassium channel subunit Kv1.1. Currents were measured in oocytes that had been injected with in vitro transcribed RNA. A Pro residue was introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into the S4 transmembrane region of one of the four domains, at a position corresponding to that in which a Pro is found in voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels. This substitution (L305P in any one domain) led to currents having a shallow activation curve, and an additional fast component of deactivation from strongly positive potentials. cDNAs with L305P substitution in two domains formed functional channels only if the domains were non-adjacent; the properties of the currents were similar to the wild-type concatemer. In both cases, 100-1000 x more RNA was injected to obtain maximal currents similar to those seen with the wild-type concantemer. The point mutation Y379V is known to reduce the blocking potency of extracellular tetraethylammonium; this residue from each of the four domains is exposed at the outer mouth of the pore because the progressive introduction of 1, 2, 3 and 4 such mutations causes progressive reductions in tetraethylammonium sensitivity. The Y379V mutation was introduced into concatenated cDNAs with two non-adjacent Pro-containing domains; the sensitivity to TEA of the resulting currents showed that the Pro-containing subunits did not contribute to the pore-forming part of the channel. The results suggest that channels can form with a Pro substitution in a single S4 domain, but they require strong depolarization to open and deactivate rapidly upon repolarization. With Pro substitutions in two domains, channels appear to be formed as a multimerized concatemer, in which the Pro-containing domains are excluded from pore formation.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Charge Density Analysis of Crystals of Nicotinamide with Salicylic Acid and Oxalic Acid: An Insight into the Salt to Cocrystal Continuum

Charge density analysis from both experimental and theoretical points of view on two molecular complexes: one is formed between nicotinamide and salicylic acid, and the other formed between nicotinamide and oxalic acid brings out the quantitative topological features to distinguish a cocrystal from a salt.

Topic: Crystallography and molecular interactions
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Validating TESS Planet Candidates with TRICERATOPS

Validation has played an important role in the discovery of planets detected by TESS. This process of scrutinizing a planet candidate typically involves an analysis of TESS photometry and a combination of different follow-up observations that rule out sources of astrophysical false positives. Despite its usefulness, validation of TESS planet candidates often lacks a robust statistical framework with which to argue for the existence of a planet. We present TRICERATOPS, an easy-to-use tool that resolves this shortcoming using a Bayesian probability calculation. By combining data from TESS and ground-based facilities, our tool quantifies the chance of a transit-like signal originating from both known and unresolved stars located near the potential planet-hosting star on the sky. We display that these quantities reliably predict which candidates are bona fide planets and which candidates are astrophysical false positives, such as nearby eclipsing binaries. We also discuss contexts in which validation with TRICERATOPS is particularly valuable, such as the discovery of planets around stars that make difficult targets for precise radial velocity observations.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Search for Immediate Effects of X-Radiation on Frog Nerve-Muscle Preparations

For more than thirty years there have been reports of the effects of ionizing radiations on nerves and muscles. In the U. S. S. R., in particular, there has been considerable attention paid to these problems, but workers in other countries have contributed occasional important studies. Since such reports form the basis on which we designed our program and since there has been no recent adequate account of them other than by Russian-speaking authors, we review briefly a selection of recent published work to illustrate the considerations involved. Much of the Russian work in the field has been summarized in papers given at the second Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (1-5). Most of the relevant studies mentioned in these papers concern changes in conditioned reflexes in various animals after whole-body or partial-body irradiation. For example, secretion of saliva in response to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli before and after whole-body irradiation with 250 r was studied by Fadeeva, Kurtsin, and Golovskii (quoted by Gorizontov, 4) in dogs with Pavlov stomachs; hypo- and hypersecretion were observed after irradiation, depending on the conditions. Yanson (quoted in 4) studied the increased rate of respiratory rhythm associated with a defensive conditioned reflex elicited in rabbits; he found that after 500 r to the whole body or to the head of the rabbit the rate fell sharply and remained low for some days. Many other such results are also referred to in the papers cited. Some studies have been made of the electrical activity of the higher nervous centers after irradiation. Lee et al. (6) stimulated the sciatic nerve of cats to evoke a cerebellar response which they recorded with electrodes touching the pia mater; the amplitude of the response began to diminish after a dose of about 6 kr had been given, and the effect was severe after 10 kr. The response continued to fall for 10 to 30 minutes after irradiation had ceased. Various changes after irradiation have also been reported in electroencephalograms (2, 7).

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences