jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE ALIENATION OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN TOURISM VILLAGES: A STUDY ON THE OSING COMMUNITY TOURISM VILLAGE IN BANYUWANGI REGENCY

Tourism is one of the key sectors in the local economy, especially in areas rich in culture and local wisdom like Banyuwangi Regency. Kemiren Village, inhabited by the Osing indigenous community, has been designated as a tourist village. However, the development of this tourist village often alienates the local community from the decision-making process, reducing their role and the benefits they should receive. This study aims to examine the involvement of the Osing community in the development of Kemiren Tourism Village and the impact of alienation on their economic, social, and cultural well-being. Based on Karl Marx’s theory of alienation, this study uses five indicators of alienation: powerlessness, meaninglessness, social isolation, normlessness, and self-estrangement. This theory helps to understand how communities feel disconnected from the processes and outcomes they should be involved in and benefit from. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis. The informants include the village head, traditional leaders, and community members directly involved in the development of Kemiren Tourism Village. The findings show that the Osing community in Kemiren Village experiences alienation during the development of the tourist village. Although their involvement was minimal in the planning stage, positive adaptation was observed in the implementation phase, particularly in preserving local culture and boosting the economy through tourism activities. Active participation in the implementation stage reduces the sense of alienation, but more inclusive involvement is necessary to ensure a fairer distribution of benefits. More inclusive involvement and empowerment strategies focused on the local community are essential to reduce alienation and improve the economic, social, and cultural well-being of the Osing community in Kemiren Tourism Village. These findings provide a foundation for designing more sustainable and equitable tourism village development policies.

Topic: Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A state of the science review of the potential health hazards associated with asbestos in shielded metal arc welding rods in the United States

Due to its unique chemical properties, chrysotile asbestos was historically incorporated into a wide variety of products, including the outer covering, or “flux” of certain classifications of general arc mild steel welding electrodes. The purpose of this analysis is to review the historical engineering, toxicology, regulatory, and epidemiology information relevant to asbestos in mild steel welding rods in order to assess whether mild steel welders are at increased risk of developing asbestos-related diseases as a result of welding rod use. We divided our analysis into four distinct time periods, based on what we perceived to be seminal events in welding technology or in the evolution of knowledge regarding asbestos and asbestos-related diseases. These time periods are as follows: late 1800s to 1929, 1930–1955, 1956–1970, and 1971–2006. We found that studies that attempted to measure airborne asbestos directly in welding rod fumes found no measurable fibers; this is likely due to the fact that the fibers degrade at high temperatures present in the welding arc. In addition, “worst-case” use simulation studies, specifically intended to generate airborne flux particles, reported that airborne asbestos concentrations were either undetectable or very low. The airborne concentrations generated were always below the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (0.1 f/cc TWA), and the lifetime doses associated with “worst-case” use were found to be far below the plausible thresholds for mesothelioma and lung cancer. The epidemiology of mild steel welders is difficult to interpret due to confounding exposures such as (1) possible exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium in stainless steel welding fumes (lung cancer), (2) smoking (lung cancer), and (3) bystander exposure to amphibole asbestos (lung cancer and mesothelioma). None of the published welder studies controlled for all three factors, yet when any single source of bias was controlled for, the majority of the studies reported no significant risk in either asbestos-related disease. Furthermore, none of the investigators in any of the welder studies suggested that asbestos in welding rods might be a risk factor for lung cancer or mesothelioma, and there is not a single case report in the medical literature that attempts to link welding rod use to an asbestos-related disease. We conclude that the weight of evidence indicates that welders were not historically at risk of developing asbestos-related diseases as a result of welding rod use.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Stones

The treatment of sialolithiasis is discussed in this report. Generally, stones within the distal salivary duct are easily removed by transoral ductotomy, although proximal stones are usually treated by excision of the salivary gland and its duct. Since 1980, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been in clinical use for the treatment of renal and gallbladder stones. We used this technique as a treatment for sialolithiasis. We undertook ESWL on 14 submandibular gland stone patients, 1 parotid gland stone patient, and 3 submandibular duct stone patients. In 10 of 14 submandibular gland stone patients and 1 parotid gland stone patient, clinical symptoms such as pain and swelling disappeared without excision of the affected salivary gland. Stones larger than 10 mm seem to have a tendency to form Steinstrassen. Although computed tomography findings correlate with success in breaking up gallstones, they did not predict success for salivary stones. We conclude that sialolithiasis is treated successfully without adverse effects by ESWL in selected patients.

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Occurrence and characteristics of cardiovascular pathology in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma].

Among known glaucoma triggers, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is most of all studied. Development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in some patients with PXF and certain somatic diseases requires further investigation. This study was aimed to evaluation of glaucoma risk in patients with PXF in relation to concurrent somatic pathology. A total of 185 patients aged from 48 to 87 diagnosed with OAG and, additionally, 75 patients of control group were assessed. Complex examination was performed and anamnestic data collected in all cases. A statistically significant relationship between OAG development and the presence of primary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency, and atherosclerosis in patients with PXF has been established.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[An 8; 21 chromosome translocation associated leukemia presenting with large intestinal granulocytic sarcoma: a report of two cases].

Two patients of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) presented with a large intestinal tumor and related symptoms. They had a tumor in the rectum or the ascending colon. Bone marrow cells obtained from both patients showed a karyotype with t(8;21). Chromosomal findings in the former patient has already been reported in detail (Am J Hematol 4, 273, 1978). These findings and reports in the literature indicate that large intestinal tumor may not be rare in AML with an 8;21 translocation. Complete remission was achieved after chemotherapy, when their intestinal tumors disappeared.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Good Assay

After the completion of the Human Genome Sequencing Project, genome research is bound to focus on genome variation studies. In one project a consortium of pharmaceutical companies and academic research groups is creating a dense genome-wide map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that will serve as markers for genotyping experiments. In another project 10.000 genes are being scanned for SNPs that will be of use for the identification of disease susceptibility variants. By adopting systematic and large-scale approaches to such studies, geneticists are hoping to gain valuable insight into the relationships between genes, gene variants and phenotypes that would never have been predicted based on previous biological knowledge. Single nucleotide polymorphisms have an average frequency of approximately 1 per 1.000 base pairs in the human genome [1]. They are considered to be the ideal marker for the dissection of complex traits using association studies and linkage disequilibrium mapping. Efficient and economic genotyping technologies with highthroughput are very sought-after for these projects, where it is likely that cohorts with several tens of thousands of individuals will be analysed for their genetic variability [2]. Pharmacogenomics using SNP analysis may become a powerful tool for medicine, where, depending on a particular genotype, a patient will get the most appropriate medication [3]. First examples of this sort of application have been demonstrated [4, 5]. Many methods for SNP genotyping, like microarrays, gel-based and plate-reader based assays have been described [6]. None of these match the qualities of rapid analysis and accuracy of mass spectrometers, which are well suited

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
IRISH PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

The following pages are an attempt to set out how the Rules of Conflict of Laws, or Private International Law, have been applied in Ireland since 1922. When reference is made to Ireland and Irish law, it means that part of Ireland known as the Republic of Ireland and the laws relating thereto. When an Irish lawyer is confronted with a legal problem involving research into almost any branch of law he may envy his colleagues in other legal systems their resources of text books and legal reference books. As there is little or no literature on modern Irish law in existence, and as the system of law operating in Ireland is the Common Law inherited from England, the Irish law student reads mainly English and a few American text books. This is supplemented by the few recent Irish text books and by reference to Irish statute and case law.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental study of the regulation of ginsenoside Rh2 combined with pirarubicin on bladder cancer BIU-87 cell apoptosis and invasion

Objective: To study the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 combined with pirarubicin on bladder cancer&#13;\nBIU-87 cell apoptosis and invasion. Methods: Bladder cancer BIU-87 cells were cultured&#13;\nand divided into control group, pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment&#13;\ngroup, and the cell growth and invasion as well as the expression levels of related genes&#13;\nwas determined. Results: After treatment for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, cell growth and invasion&#13;\nof pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment group were significantly&#13;\ninhibited, cell growth inhibition rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher&#13;\nthan that of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group, and the number of invasive cells was&#13;\nsignificantly less than those of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group. After treatment for 24 h,&#13;\n48 h and 72 h, the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and CXCR-4 in cells and SDF-1 levels in supernatant&#13;\nof pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment group were significantly&#13;\nlower than those of control group, and mRNA levels of Bax in cells were significantly higher&#13;\nthan that of control group; the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and CXCR-4 in cells and SDF-1 level&#13;\nin supernatant of combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of pirarubicin&#13;\ngroup and ginsenoside group, and mRNA level of Bax in cells was significantly higher than&#13;\nthose of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rh2 combined&#13;\nwith pirarubicin can promote bladder cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit bladder cancer cell&#13;\ninvasion, and Bcl-2/Bax and SDF-1/CXCR-4 are the molecular targets of drug action.

Topic: Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
NEUROSYPHILIS AND LATE SYPHILIS OF SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND BONES

One of the tenets held over from the early days of syphilology which is still frequently accepted and taught is the belief that patients with late syphilis of the skin, mucous membrane or bone seldom have neurosyphilis. It is commonly believed that these manifestations of the disease are allergic in origin and influence the immunity reaction so as to protect the neuraxis against involvement by the Spirochaeta pallida. Except so-called "precocious tertiary" lesions of the skin, which are on the borderline between those of early and those of late syphilis, and acute syphilis of the bone, which may occur as a phase of early syphilis, these benign tertiary manifestations as a rule appear after the tenth year of the infection. However, as a result of the discovery that a large number of patients with early syphilis show changes in their spinal fluid due to neuraxis involvement, modern syphilologists agree that

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and Implementation of Active Stream Data Warehouses

In the era of Big Data, more and more stream data is available. In the same way, Decision Support Systems (DSS) tools, such as data warehouses and alert systems, become more and more sophisticated, and conceptual modeling tools are consequently mandatory for successfully DSS projects. Formalisms such as UML and ER have been widely used in the context of classical information and data warehouse systems, but they have not been investigated yet for stream data warehouses to deal with alert systems. Therefore, in this article, the authors introduce the notion of Active Stream Data Warehouse (ASDW) and this article proposes a UML profile for designing Active Stream Data Warehouses. Indeed, this article extends the ICSOLAP profile to take into account continuous and window OLAP queries. Moreover, this article studies the duality of the stream and OLAP decision-making process and the authors propose a set of ECA rules to automatically trigger OLAP operators. The UML profile is implemented in a new OLAP architecture, and it is validated using an environmental case study concerning the wind monitoring.

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of gamma-irradiation on intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii RH tachyzoites

A quantitative assay was performed on the effects of gamma-irradiation (30-300 Gy) on intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii RH tachyzoites in human leukemic HL-60 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages by means of 3H-uracil uptake assay. Infected non-irradiation group (NI) and uninfected group (incubating only host cells) were prepared. The 3H-uracil uptake by tachyzoites of NI group 12-24 hrs after infection was 2,190-4,787 counts per minute for macrophages and 2,967-8,254 for HL-60 cells, whereas the irradiated tachyzoites revealed only 381-703 (100 Gy) and 218-408 (300 Gy) for macrophages, and 1,911-2,618 (30 Gy), 1,253-1,384 (70 Gy), 1,013-1,090 (100 Gy), and 483-588 (300 Gy) for HL-60 cells. The proliferation inhibition rate was similar in macrophages and HL-60 cells, for example, 89-94% and 80-94% respectively by 300 Gy, 12-24 hrs after infection. It is concluded that RH tachyzoites of T. gondii are severely affected by gamma-irradiation in their capability of intracellular proliferation.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cystic Echinococcosis In Small Ruminants (Sheep & Goat)

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), or hydatidosis, is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Small ruminants like sheep and goats act as intermediate hosts, developing hydatid cysts mainly in the liver and lungs. The disease poses serious public health and economic risks, especially in areas with poor slaughter practices and uncontrolled dog populations. This review summarizes CE's etiology, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control in small ruminants. Ultrasound and necropsy are key diagnostic tools, while treatments include albendazole and EG95 vaccination. Preventive measures like proper offal disposal, farmer education, and One Health surveillance are essential to reduce CE prevalence and its zoonotic potential. The prevalence of hydatid cysts was significantly higher in sheep and goats of age equal to three years or less. In both sheep and goats, the rate infection of Hydatidosis was significantly higher in female than male.Key Words: CE, zoonotic, Hydatid cyst, Sheep and goats.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dendritic Glycopolymer as Drug Delivery System for Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in a Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement: First Steps Toward a Local Therapy of Osteolytic Bone Lesions

Establishment of drug delivery system (DDS) in bone substitute materials for local treatment of bone defects still requires ambitious solutions for a retarded drug release. We present two novel DDS, a weakly cationic dendritic glycopolymer and a cationic polyelectrolyte complex, composed of dendritic glycopolymer and cellulose sulfate, for the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Both DDS are able to induce short-term retarded release of bortezomib from calcium phosphate bone cement in comparison to a burst-release of the drug from bone cement alone. Different release parameters have been evaluated to get a first insight into the release mechanism from bone cements. In addition, biocompatibility of the calcium phosphate cement, modified with the new DDS was investigated using human mesenchymal stromal cells.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nonprofit Social Capital as an Indicator of a Healthy Nonprofit Sector

Abstract Nonprofit social capital refers to the trust, norms, and networks that can improve organizational performance to fulfill a mission. Research on social capital within organizations, and specifically with nonprofits, is relatively widespread; however, the notion that we can quantify, measure, and incentivize its growth across a sector is novel. Nonprofits actively work to solve some of society’s most complex challenges in diverse areas, such as public health, education, social inequality, and environment. Few would argue against the need for a robust and healthy nonprofit sector. Yet, there is little debate and even less agreement on the definition of “a healthy nonprofit sector” or how to measure it. We offer a policy brief on this topic in the form of an exploratory think piece, rather than a definitive empirical methodology or research paper, that connects nonprofit social capital to a framework of sector health. Solving many of the challenges facing society today will require trust, working together, and networks of resources and reciprocity. Because of this, nonprofit social capital – both cognitive and structural – is an important benchmark of nonprofit sector health and could supplement other metrics of an index offering a signal as to changes occurring in the sector.

Topic: Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the well-posedness of the Holm-Staley <i>b</i>-family of equations

In this paper we consider the Holm-Staley b-family of equations in the Sobolev spaces H-s (R) for s &gt; 3/2. Using a geometric approach we show that, for any value of the parameter b, the corresponding solution map, u(0) bar right arrow u(T), is nowhere locally uniformly continuous.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Knowing when to hold ’em and fold ’em

This article furthers understanding of the tacit knowledge of school administrators and provides a fresh look at the issue of boundedness in the superintendency. The tacit knowledge of a group of Ohio superintendents was examined in light of superintendent classification as place-bound (rising through the ranks in one school district) or career-bound (assuming the superintendency in multiple districts across the span of a career). Tacit knowledge items were culled from interviews conducted with the superintendents. The 469 items were sorted by an expert panel and then cluster analyzed to determine categories of tacit knowledge for place-bound and career-bound superintendents. A total of 21 categories describe the tacit knowledge across the superintendent group. Differences in categories and amounts of tacit knowledge were found between the place-bound superintendents and the career-bound superintendents.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Improvement
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessing Helicobacter pylori motility and biofilm formation in subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials

Numerous studies have shown that subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials can alter bacterial virulence factors. This study evaluates motility and biofilm formation by H. pylori 43504 grown in subinhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), or tetracycline (TET). For the swimming and swarming motility assays, H. pylori 43504 suspensions were prepared with the strain alone or with the strain in AMX, CLA, or TET at ½ MIC. Next, the media were incubated at 37 ºC, under microaerophilia. To assess biofilm formation in the presence of one of the antimicrobials at subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations, bacterial suspensions (109 CFU/mL) were prepared in 2.5% FBS containing AMX, CLA, or TET at ½ MIC. After incubation for 10 days, H. pylori 43504 grown in medium containing AMX, CLA, or TET at ½ MIC presented greater swimming motility and lower swarming motility than the non-treated strain. H. pylori 43504 grown in medium containing AMX, CLA, or TET at ½ MIC showed stronger biofilm production than the non-treated strain. Our results showed that AMX, CLA, or TET at subinhibitory concentrations favors H. pylori 43504 swimming motility and biofilm formation after incubation for 3 days. This may have clinical consequences and make the microorganism difficult to eradicate.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences