jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optically Compensated LWIR Zoom Objective with Magnification of 5

An optical compensation LWIR zoom objective with magnification of 5× is presented.The optical system has a constant F number of 2 which matches the detector’s and the cold stop efficiency is equal to 100%.The aberrations of four FOVs are well corrected,and the MTF curves of each FOV are closed to the diffraction limited.By re-imaging,the diameter of the aperture is constrained within134 mm.To minimize the length,the optical path is folded twice,so that the volume is about290 mm×165 mm×140 mm.

Topic: Image Processing Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract IA04: Relating single cell function to tissue structure in human tumors using MIBI-TOF

Abstract Understanding the role of distinct cellular phenotypes in tissue function, development, and pathogenesis requires tools that can rapidly and consistently quantify the expression of multiple proteins while preserving spatial information. To meet this need, we have developed Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by Time-Of-Flight (MIBI-TOF). MIBI-TOF uses secondary ion mass spectrometry to visualize up to 50 metal labeled antibodies at subcellular resolution simultaneously with histochemical stains and native biological elements. We have used this capability to study how single cell function and tissue structure interact at the tumor immune microenvironment, the human maternal-fetal interface, and in infectious disease. These studies have led us to develop scalable, automated, and extensible tools for image thresholding, single cell segmentation, cell clustering, and cell neighborhood analyses that can be deployed on any tissue. Through NIH HuBMAP and CIMAC initiatives, we are currently working to deploy this computational pipeline as well as preformulated antibody staining master mixes as a streamlined, end-to-end workflow for routine high dimensional tissue analysis in basic and translational research. Lastly, we are currently working to develop brighter primary ion sources and new metal reporter constructs that will permit full tissue section scanning while extending multiplexed detection to include RNA and DNA. Citation Format: R. Michael Angelo. Relating single cell function to tissue structure in human tumors using MIBI-TOF [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of Children's Oral Health-Related Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Expectant Mothers of Najran, Saudi Arabia

Objective: To assess the knowledge of pregnant women regarding their child’s oral health. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was developed and the 1st section comprised sociodemographic variables. The second section contained questions about the eruption of teeth, fluoride importance, cariogenic food, and dental visits. The questionnaire was shared electronically via a link to the receptionist of the gynaecologist at different health centres of Najran to be filled by expectant mothers. The convenient sampling method was used to collect the responses. Data were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 572 pregnant women participated in this survey. Three hundred and fifteen (55.1%) knew that 1st primary tooth erupts at the age of 6 months. The majority of the respondents (n=332) agreed that toothbrushes and toothpaste could be used to clean a child's teeth; only 5.4%, 10%, and 24.5% preferred miswak, mouthwash, and toothbrush, respectively. Participants were well familiar with cariogenic food and occasionally allowed their children to take it. They have enough knowledge about fluoride toothpaste, but they were not familiar with the benefits of fluoride varnish. Almost 50% of the respondents agreed that the child should visit the dentist within six months, and 27.4% said they should visit the dentist whenever there is a problem. Conclusion: Almost 50% of participants showed a positive attitude towards most questions. However, there is a need to improve their behaviour and knowledge about many aspects of dental care.

Topic: Dental Health and Care Utilization
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Qualitative analysis of equilibrium systems

As data sets in qualitative models are not always available, one of the approaches for economic prediction is to apply causal reasoning methods to qualitative models. Generally speaking, economists typically make use of causal reasoning and comparative statics during predictions. Immediate effects (i.e. dynamics) are not considered very important if the disturbances are not very large and the system remains stable. For linear systems, long term (comparative) effects, such as the shifted equilibrium, can be predicted by causal ordering together with Mason's rule or the signal flow-graph reduction method. However, for systems with general monotonic functions, the qualitative flow-graph simplification technique proposed in this paper should be used. Comparisons are made between our newly proposed monotonic function qualitative flow-graph approach and other analytical and artificial intelligence methods.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD Magnetics_D #155712.1

Magnetic measurements for estimating global parameters and for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study to introduce diamagnetic flux measurement and MHD mode analysis. Various types of magnetic sensors are used; Rogowski coils and magnetic probes inside and ourside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Morphofunctional Response of T-lymphocytes to in vitro Contact with a Calcium Phosphate Coating in the Presence of a T-cell Activator

The paper reports a study of the morphofunctional activity of T-lymphocytes in response to the in vitro contact with calcium phosphate (CP) coating in the presence of the particles bearing antibodies against CD2, CD3, and CD28 antigens. VT1-0 titanium plates (10 × 10 × 1 mm3) with a double-sided microarc rough (Ra = 2–5 µm) CP coating were used as the model samples of the mineral matrix of the bone tissue. Magnetic particles (MACSiBeadTM T-cell Activation/Expansion Kit human) bearing antibodies to CD2, CD3, and CD28 antigens were used as a T-cell activator (TCA) simulating the signals produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from human blood (98.8% of CD45CD3+ cells) were cultured in the presence of samples with a CP coating and/or TCA (2 × 106 particles in 1.5 mL of nutritive medium in the proportion of 2 : 1 to cells) for 2 and 14 days. The CP coating and TCA triggered MNC culture adaptation in a synergic way via the mechanisms of hyperactivation and subsequent death of T-lymphocytes. Immune selection occurred through the accumulation of the naive CD45RA+/RO+ T-lymphocytes and memory T-cells with the simultaneous depletion of the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell pool. The shift in the T-lymphocyte populations was observed together with the increase (after 48 h of culturing) in the cell secretion activity with its subsequent decrease by the 14th day of observation. CP coating sustained (compared with the cell culture grown on plastic) the secretion ability of Th1 (IL-12, TNFα, and IFNγ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13) lymphocytes. At the same time, the prolonged TCA signal after the 48-h activation caused the depletion of T-cell secretion. The suggestion that the observed in vitro effects may play role in the switching of signaling between T-lymphocytes, APCs, and CP materials at the cell–foreign body interface, which may result in a change in the inflammation phase, development of immune tolerance, successful osseointegration of the implant, or bone tissue remodeling impairment, is discussed.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The role of vein grafts in reconstructive head and neck microsurgery

Abstract Objective: Free tissue transfer is widely used for head and neck reconstruction. In certain circumstances, vein grafting is required to elongate free flap pedicles to connect them to appropriate recipient vessels. Because of controversy regarding the use of interposition vein grafts in free tissue reconstruction, this paper reports vein graft indications, techniques, safety, and outcomes for head and neck microvascular surgery. Methods: Twenty-six patients (23 men and 3 women) who underwent interposition vein grafting concurrent with free tissue transfer were included in this study. The most common reason for head and neck reconstruction with vein graft was tumor recurrence, followed by flap salvage. The interposition vein grafts were applied in two manners as temporary arteriovenous (A–V) loop and conduit to extend the length of the free flap for venous drainage. Results: The most common reconstructions were anterolateral thigh flaps (15 cases), followed by vastus lateralis myocutaneous (3 cases) and radial forearm (2 cases) flaps. The common recipient vessels were superior thyroid artery, superficial temporal artery and external jugular vein. The free flap loss rate was 7.7% with vein grafts and 4.9 without vein grafts (p = 0.380). The free flap complication rate was 50.0% and 16.8% in patients with and without vein grafts, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, prior neck dissection, and prior free flap transfer were more common in the vein graft group (all p &lt; 0.001). The hospital stay was significantly longer for the vein graft group than for the non–vein graft group (29.5 vs. 19.0 days; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Overall free flap survival rates of 92.3% and 95.1% in the vein and non-vein graft groups, respectively – indicating the reliability of the vein grafts in challenging head and neck reconstructions, particularly in salvage cases and patients with multiple reconstructions. Level of evidence: Level 3.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The value of social capital in farmland leasing relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of social capital on the rate at which agricultural land is rented between landowners and tenants using data from the state of Kansas. Design/methodology/approach A survey of tenants provides data on the rental rate of farmland as well as characteristics of the lease, the land, and the landowner. Findings Results support the hypothesis of a negative impact on rental rates from longer-term leasing relationships. The model estimates a 10.0 percent discount relative to market rates when the leasing relationship increases from 11 to 22 years. At the sample average of $64 per acre, this is a $10 per acre discount. Research limitations/implications Increased levels of social capital, as measured by the length of the leasing relationship between landowner and tenant, reduce the rental rate. A 10 percent increase in the number of years a parcel of land is leased to the same tenant will decrease the annual rental rate by 1 percent. Originality/value Research adds to the understanding of informal relationships underlying farmland leases. A large number of farmland tracts may turnover in the coming years. This turnover may affect the rental rates for tenants who have had long-term leasing relationships over time.

Topic: Land Rights and Reforms
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cross-border Transfer and Collateralisation of Receivables : A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Legal Systems

Legal systems around the world vary widely in terms of how they deal with the transfer of and security interests in receivables. The aim of this book is to help international financiers and lawyers in relevant markets in their practice of international receivables financing. Substantively, this book analyses three types of receivables financing transactions, ie outright transfer, security transfer and security interests. This book covers comprehensive comparison and analysis of the laws on the transfer of and security interests in receivables of fifteen major jurisdictions, encompassing common law jurisdictions, Roman–Germanic jurisdictions and French–Napoleonic jurisdictions, as well as relevant EU Directives. To be more specific, this book compares and analyses the relevant legal systems of the US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Korea, Japan, France, Belgium, England, Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. Furthermore, in order to analyse those legal systems from the international perspective, this book compares relevant international conventions; it also proposes to establish an international registration system for the transfer of and security interests in receivables.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Piles as Barriers for Elastic Waves

A theoretical study is presented on the usefulness of a row of rigid piles as an isolating barrier for elastic waves. The problem is formulated as one of multiple scattering and diffraction. A set of cylindrical coordinate systems is used in such a way that it allows solving in an exact form the problem of multiple scattering for circular cross‐sections. Some numerical results are presented. The effectiveness of this isolation system is discussed.

Topic: Railway Engineering and Dynamics
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
GENDER AND BULLYING: Moving Beyond Mean Diff erences to Consider Conceptions of Bullying, Processes by which Bullying Unfolds, and Cyberbullying

Moving beyond consideration of mean gender di erences in bullying requires carefully considering where gender di erences do and do not exist. For a large, nationally representative United States sample, Nansel et al. (2001) found that boys reported perpetrating and being victimized by bullying more than girls. When speci c forms of victimization were examined, boys reported experiencing more physical bullying than girls, and girls reported more bullying by rumors and sexual comments. In another U.S. study, 4th and 5th graders responded to a survey about "Who bullies whom?" (Rodkin & Berger, 2008). Boys were more likely to be bullies and bully-victims, and girls were more likely to be victims. In a study of developmental trajectories for bullying from ages 10 to 17 with a large Canadian sample (Pepler et al., 2008), the high and moderate bullying trajectory groups included more boys than girls, and the trajectory group for low involvement included more girls than boys.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Semi-time-dependent asynchronously switched control of continuous-time switched systems with persistent dwell time

This paper mainly concerns the issue of asynchronously switched control for a class of continuous-time switched linear systems with persistent dwell time (PDT). Asynchronous switching implies that when a subsystem switches the matched controller remains active for a finite period of time, such that the Lyapunov-like function increases. A semi-time-dependent (STD) multiple Lyapunov-like function with special form suitable to asynchronously switched systems is proposed, upon which a set of STD and mode-dependent stabilizing controllers is designed. The validity and advantage of the proposed results is demonstrated through a numerical example.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anti-thromboxane B2 antibodies protect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice

Prostanoids are lipid compounds that mediate a variety of physiological and pathological functions in almost all body tissues and organs. Thromboxane (TX) A2 is a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction and it has ulcerogenic activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Overdose or chronic use of a high dose of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-paminophenol, APAP) is a major cause of acute liver failure in the Western world. We investigated whether TXA2 plays a role in host response to toxic effect of APAP. CBA/H Zg mice of both sexes were intoxicated with a single lethal or high sublethal dose of APAP, which was administered to animals by oral gavage. The toxicity of APAP was determined by observing the survival of mice during 48 h, by measuring concentration of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma 20-22 h after APAP administration and by liver histology. The results have shown that anti-thromboxane (TX) B2 antibodies (anti-TXB2) and a selective inhibitor of thromboxane (TX) synthase, benzylimidazole (BZI), were significantly hepatoprotective, while a selective thromboxane receptor (TPR) antagonist, daltroban, was slightly protective in this model of acute liver injury. A stabile metabolite of TXA2, TXB2, and a stabile agonist of TPR, U-46619, had no influence on APAP-induced liver damage. Our findings suggest that TXA2 has a pathogenic role in acute liver toxicity induced with APAP, which was highly abrogated by administration of anti-TXB2. According to our results, this protection is mediated, at least in part, through decreased production of TXB2 by liver fragments&lt;em&gt; ex vivo&lt;/em&gt;.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of Blend Ratio and Twist Multiplier for Polyester /Cotton Shirt Fabrics Part ii: Tensile Properties of Produced Fabrics.(Dept.T)

The study reported in this paper concerns the influence of both polyester ratio and twist multiplier of weft yarns on the fabric tensile properties, specially, specific work of rupture, extensibility and tear strength. Mathematical models describing these parameters in both the warp and weft directions are presented in a form that can be easily predicted. It was found that the optimum values of polyester percent and twist multiplier of the weft yarns for obtaining the highest possible fabric strength in warp direction were 67% and 3.45 αe while in the weft direction were 67% and 3.8 αe

Topic: Textile materials and evaluations
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Meteor Solutions: Measuring the Value of Social Media Marketing

In March 2009, Steve Fowler, vice president of strategy and client service at full-service advertising agency Ayzenberg, had just completed what he considered to be one of the most innovative campaigns he had ever handled. Capcom, a leader in the video gaming industry, had just launched Resident EvilÂ® 5 (RE5), the latest release of one of the industry's most valuable game franchises. RE5, a powerful asset with a passionate fan base, had warranted the use of an online viral, or word-of-mouth (WOM), campaign for its worldwide game launch. Although the creative work and appropriate media for the RE5 launch had been meticulously planned, Fowler was also interested in measuring the effectiveness of the campaign to better serve his client. In the past, measuring WOM was practically impossible. However, a software company named Meteor Solutions had found a way to do exactly that. Fowler and his team had worked with Meteor to execute several campaigns for other clients, but he had never applied Meteor tools on such a large scale. Fowler knew Capcom would want to hear specific WOM figures. What was the return on investment for the RE5 campaign and the implications for future campaigns? Had the Meteor tools provided comprehensive and actionable information, or was more work needed before these solutions could be widely used in advertising? How to measure the value and fully leverage social media marketing including key success factors, challenges, metrics and implications for future campaigns and other industries.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Semiclassical theory of the Hyperlens

We study ray dynamics inside the hyperlens, a device recently demonstrated as capable of sub-diffraction-limited far-field imaging. The obtained semiclassical result of spiraling rays is confirmed by numerical simulations of Gaussian beam scattering from the hyperlens.

Topic: Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Incorporating Alfalfa into Warm-season Grass Systems in the Southeast

Abstract Bermudagrass is the primary warm season perennial forage crop grown in the Southeast (~20 million acres) for livestock and forage operations. While prominent in the region, bermudagrass requires large amounts of fertility and forage quality is moderate relative to other options. There has been great success and a growing interest in interseeding alfalfa into existing bermudagrass stands in the region. This combination eliminates the need for nitrogen fertilization, increases relative forage quality (RFQ) better meeting the nutritional needs of livestock, and decreases the need for supplemental feed. In recent years, research evaluations have been conducted across the Southeast to evaluate the use of alfalfa when incorporated into warm-season grass forage systems under various management strategies. Three projects conducted from 2016–2020 at the University of Georgia Tifton campus evaluated ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa interseeded into Tifton-85 bermudagrass (1) when harvested as baleage, (2) under grazing management and(3) in a clipping study to better define defoliation management recommendations. Overall findings from this work observed that alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures provide greater seasonal herbage accumulation, extend the growing season by three to four months annually, and increase forage DM digestibility and CP compared to bermudagrass alone. Steers on ABG managed under rotational stocking had greater total gain/ha (~%33 increase) due to a higher stocking density throughout the growing season than a bermudagrass monoculture. Results indicate that interseeding alfalfa into bermudagrass is a viable option for southeastern forage systems and can be an effective way to improve forage quality, extend the grazing season, and reduce the need for additional supplementation when fed to livestock.

Topic: Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lessons from Natural Language Inference in the Clinical Domain

State of the art models using deep neural networks have become very good in learning an accurate mapping from inputs to outputs. However, they still lack generalization capabilities in conditions that differ from the ones encountered during training. This is even more challenging in specialized, and knowledge intensive domains, where training data is limited. To address this gap, we introduce MedNLI - a dataset annotated by doctors, performing a natural language inference task (NLI), grounded in the medical history of patients. We present strategies to: 1) leverage transfer learning using datasets from the open domain, (e.g. SNLI) and 2) incorporate domain knowledge from external data and lexical sources (e.g. medical terminologies). Our results demonstrate performance gains using both strategies.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences