jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Organic solar cells featuring nanobowl structures

Although organic solar cells having a bilayer configuration provide continuous conducting pathways for carrier transport to the requisite electrodes, their efficiencies have remained low because of the short exciton diffusion lengths of organic semiconductors. In this paper, we describe unique spatial organic solar cells featuring nanobowl array structures that capture more light and generate more power than planar organic solar cells. To construct bilayer solar cells, we used electrochemical deposition (with polystyrene beads as the template) to fabricate poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanobowl arrays, functioning as the hole extraction layer, on indium tin oxide substrates and then deposited copper phthalocyanine and a fullerene (C60 or C70) to function as the active layer, onto the nanobowl arrays. By implementing this spatial structure, we could control the active layer's thickness, such that it would be suitable for exciton dissociation, while maintaining a high absorption of incident light (by increasing the absorber volume without decreasing the area of the donor–acceptor interface, such that the light path in the active layer was increased) and ensuring high exciton dissociation efficiency (by enlarging the donor–acceptor interface). Relative to an equally thick planar control active layer the photocurrent generated by such bilayer solar cells increased by approximately 90%.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Progression-Free Survival and Clinical Benefit

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.03.039 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12829660 Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Progression-Free Survival and Clinical Benefit Robert F. OzolsxRobert F. OzolsSearch for articles by this author Show More Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.03.039 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma

Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is rare clinicopathological variant of Cutaneous Fibrous Histiocytoma. The clinical manifestation of Aneurysmal Fibrous Histiocytoma is often confusing to distinguish from other skin lesions. Most of the cases showed rapid increase in size or a history of recurrence, however histologically all are almost similar. Rarity of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma and high numbers of recurrence rate poses a big diagnostic challenge. Late treatment will result in a decrease until loss of function of the affected region. In this article, author reported the case of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma of the hand in 7 years old girl with restricted at 2nd-3rd metacarpophalangeal joints. The patient had undergone a series of investigations until finally a wide excision was carried out. Excision tissue was performed CD 68 and CD 34 immunocytochemical smear to establish the diagnosis. It was not simple to make diagnosis aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma. While it is benign, the lesion can appear malignant, and one should consider an excisional biopsy to rule out malignant conditions. The diagnosis had to be confirmed by histopathological and performed immunocytochemical smear. It was often necessary to take aggressive actions with wide excision and reconstruction.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Review of the Labrid Genus Paracheilinus, with the Description of a New Species from Melanesia

The genus Paracheilinus Fourmanoir, previously known from a&#13;\nsingle specimen collected in the Red Sea, is reviewed and a new species is described&#13;\nfrom New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Paracheilinus, which was not adequately&#13;\ndefined when introduced by Fourmanoir, is a member of the labrid subfamily&#13;\nCheilininae, which also includes Cheilinus, Cirrhilabrus, Pseudocheilinops, and&#13;\nPseudocheilinus. It appears to be closely allied to Cirrhilabrus. The two genera are&#13;\nsimilar in body shape, dentition, and behavior. Paracheilinus filamentosus n.sp. differs&#13;\nfrom P. octotaenia Fourmanoir primarily on the basis of color pattern and shape&#13;\nof the head, dorsal fin, and caudal fin.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Propositioning the Reader in Northanger Abbey

Abstract Chapter 4 argues that Fanny Knight appears in Northanger Abbey both as the reader and as that ideal heroine whom the narrator declines to write about. By presenting Fanny as the “picture of perfection” Catherine Morland is not, Austen’s narrator jokingly corrects Emma’s unflattering portraits of Fanny. Meanwhile, Northanger Abbey’s narrator presents herself to a Fanny-identified reader as the seductive, quixote-making author reviled in antinovel treatises. Not only does this narrator court the reader, as critics have sometimes noticed, but she undertakes to turn her reader into a quixote, just as her hero Henry Tilney does with Catherine Morland.

Topic: Historical Studies of British Isles
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A point prevalence survey of antimicrobial agents and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of admitted patients in acute wards of a teaching hospital in Western India

Introduction: Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) is an important strategy to contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the community. Materials and Methods: A point prevalence survey was carried out in October 2018 in accordance with ECDC 2013 document. The survey was carried out on a single day in intensive care units, acute medical, acute surgical and family wards of a tertiary care hospital in western India. Results: Less than 44% of admitted patients in acute wards were found to be prescribed with antimicrobial agents (AMA). The culture report of clinical specimen sent was positive for pathogen growth in 21% samples. Cephalosporins, penicillins and quinolones were the most commonly prescribed AMA on inpatients of the hospital. Of these, 70% were administered parenterally and 46% were given for more than one week. 70% of the empirical therapy was found to be effective. Pathogens resistant to many WHO WATCH group AMA and aztreonam, a RESERVE AMA have been isolated in the survey. Two of the isolated pathogens showed sensitivity to less than 3 antibiotics. Conclusion: The present survey has revealed a high prevalence of infectious disease burden and antimicrobial usage in acute wards of our hospital. Keywords: Point prevalence survey, Antimicrobial stewardship programme, Antimicrobial resistance, Antibiotic consumption.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aristotle and the metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas

This writing reviews the way in which Thomas Aquinas Christianized the foundations of Aristotle's philosophy, following the previous approaches of Avicenna and Albert the Great to make the Aristotelian universe compatible with monotheism. The formula used by Thomas Aquinas was the separation of essence and existence, as independent forms of Being, which opened the way for him to introduce the Christian God into Aristotle's natural universe, not as a artificial aggregate, as had happened with previous medieval attempts, but as a necessary and natural foundation for the entire Aristotelian system, in such a way that it did not confront the Christian dogma, and opening, incidentally, the way towards the separation of theology and philosophy.

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Functional Group Sited on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Surface

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) plays an important role in creating CNT hybride material.In this study, integrated analysis of functional group sites on the pristine and modified Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) surface was comparably conducted to know the effect of acid solution on the surface after purification and functionalization process.Acid treatment removed rest of graphitic and residual catalytic metal particles and suffered degradation, such as nanotube shortening and additional defect generation in the graphitic network.Defects on the side wall due to functionalized group clearly shown in Transmission Electron Image (TEM) images cause a reduction in thermal stability.Functional group sited on the side wall was detected by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) -Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) with the relative concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups determined by Boehm titration.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Building Linkages between Nursing Care and Improved Patient Outcomes: The Role of Health Information Technology

Health information technology (health IT or HIT) holds the potential to transform the quality of care and to establish linkages between nursing care and patient outcomes. This article defines eMeasurement and describes Quality of Care Definitions and Metrics for Evaluation. The authors explore the role of health IT to improve quality, barriers to eMeasurement, and health IT interventions by considering linkages between nursing care and patient outcomes for a select set of nursing sensitive indicators including patient falls, pressure ulcers, and the patient experience. We discuss specific challenges, such as barriers for routine data capture to populate nursing sensitive indicators and the use of health IT to promote positive outcomes. The conclusion addresses the implications of the current state of health IT and identifies areas for further nursing research.

Topic: Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation
Subfield: Issues, ethics and legal aspects
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Evolutionary Methods in Clinical Diagnostics

This paper presents two methods for the segmentation of medical images based on evolutionary algorithms. Such image segmentation is a useful first step in the efficient and speedy analysis of medical images and provides a basis for the next stages of the image analysis process. In particular, the processing of images obtained from the inside of the human body allows for more effective diagnostics of lesions of human tissues. The first approach developed is based on evolutionary algorithms which divide the image into a given number of areas based on the intensity of RGB colours. The second segmentation method is based on the detection of edges in an image. An evolutionary algorithm was also used for this segmentation, based on the search for threshold values in the grey level in the image. We also compare the above segmentation methods with the numerical k-means segmentation method.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sorex araneus - 2687, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

Sorex araneus (Common shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1953-07-28, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Finiteness Problem for Automaton Semigroups of Extended Bounded Activity

We extend the notion of activity for automaton semigroups and monoids introduced by Bartholdi, Godin, Klimann and Picantin to a more general setting. Their activity notion was already a generalization of Sidki's activity hierarchy for automaton groups. Using the concept of expandability introduced earlier by the current authors, we show that the language of $ω$-words with infinite orbits is effectively a deterministic Büchi language for our extended activity. This generalizes a similar previous result on automaton groups by Bondarenko and the third author. By a result of Francoeur and the current authors, the description via a Büchi automaton immediately yields that the finiteness problem for complete automaton semigroups and monoids of bounded activity is decidable. In fact, we obtain a stronger result where we may consider sub-orbits under the action of a regular, suffix-closed language over the generators. This, in particular, also yields that it is decidable whether a finitely generated subsemigroup (or -monoid) of a bounded complete automaton semigroup is finite.

Topic: Mathematical Control Systems and Analysis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model

Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson’s disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several ‘territories’ and ‘neighborhoods’ within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Field Performance of Recycled Asphalt in California Environmental Zones

A study was performed to evaluate the long-term performance of different pavement materials in California. The performance of many special materials, including recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), was evaluated for actual field performance rather than laboratory-based performance. The sections considered in this study were selected to allow the environmental impact on the performance of a specific treatment to be addressed and comparative analysis between two or more treatments to be performed. This paper focuses on a comparative analysis performed on 47 RAP sections located in three California environmental zones: desert, mountain, and north coast. Comparisons were made between the performance of the RAP sections and those of other treatments located within a reasonable distance on the same route. In total, 131 sections covering seven different treatments were considered. The performance comparisons were made with respect to in situ structural capacity, distress condition, roughness condition, and consistency of construction. Deterioration models were developed and used to estimate the in situ structural capacity, distress condition, and roughness condition for all sections at the same age (5 years) to allow fair comparisons. The expected structural, distress, and roughness service lives were also estimated for all treatments on the basis of the field-observed conditions. The results of the analyses suggested that in all three environmental zones, long-term RAP performance is likely to be comparable to other treatments located within a reasonable distance on the same route.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hybrid digital-analog (HDA) joint source-channel codes for broadcasting and robust communications

We consider the problem of transmitting a band-limited Gaussian source on an additive band-limited Gaussian noise channel. The well-known "threshold effect" dictates that the more powerful a code is, the more sensitive it is to the exact knowledge of the channel noise. A code is said to be robust if it is asymptotically optimal for a wide range of channel noise. Thus, robust codes have a "graceful degradation" characteristic and are free of the threshold effect. It is demonstrated that robust codes exist whenever the source and channel bandwidths are equal. In the unequal-bandwidth case, a collection of nearly robust joint source-channel codes is constructed using a hybrid digital-analog (HDA) coding technique. For designing nearly robust codes, a matched tandem code whose channel encoder's output is partially/fully matched to its input is proposed and the existence of an asymptotically optimal matched tandem code is shown. The nearly robust codes achieve the Shannon limit (theoretically optimum distortion) and have a less severe threshold effect. Finally, for the case of two different noise conditions, the distortion regions of these codes are determined.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Network Readiness and Internet Usage in the European Union

This thesis focuses on the analysis of key drivers of broadband internet take-up and usage in the European Union. In particular, we explore the coverage effect on fixed-to-mobile broadband substitution and the consequent impact of computer skills and education parameters on e- services usage. These fields have undergone rapid transformation within the EU digital economy in recent years, especially due to the introduction of faster 'next generation' broadband networks and development of web applications. The research question investigates decisions of households with regards to broadband adoption as well as the impact of education and digital skills on the use of e-services. Our qualitative analysis examines differences in performance across EU member states considering key indicators set by the Digital Agenda for Europe 2020 policy objectives. We then apply empirical methods using panel data to test our two research questions. Our findings suggest that there is a significant effect of network coverage on the fixed-to-mobile broadband substitution and we confirm the relevance of computer skills on the increased usage of e-services in the EU.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Ultrastructure of Infrared Receptors in a Boid Snake, Python regius: Evidence for Periodic Regeneration of the Terminals

We did a light and electron microscope study of the infrared receptors in the labial pits of a python, Python regius. The receptors are elongated, tapering terminal nerve masses about 8 × 20 μm located immediately below the conified surface of the pit fundus. The receptors are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells, and together with these epithelial cells are renewed and sloughed off periodically with each molting cycle. Each terminal nerve mass is packed with mitochondria in numbers not seen in any other sensory organ. Beneath the receptors is a dense network of fine capillary vessels which probably serve both to supply the tremendous energy requirements of the mitochondria-rich receptors and to stabilize and control the thermal sensitivity of the receptors. In active terminals (as opposed to degenerating ones), the mitochondria show both energized and discharged states, as well as ladder-like junctions between individual mitochondria, which suggest that the mitochondria are intimately involved in producing the nerve impulse.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Annealing if induced damage in fluoride glass components

Heavy metal fluoride (HMF) ylasses are of considerable interest for use as multispectral optical components. HMF glass samples of different compositions were prepared and subjected to different doses of gamma radiation at room temperature. Optical absorption measurements showed that strong damage occurred in the UV and visible regions and no significant losses were detected in the infrared region.

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prilaku Pemberian Asi Eksklusif di Kelurahan Tabona Kecamatan Kota Ternate Selatan

Abstract : It is estimated that 80% of mothers who gave birth were able to produce milk in quantities sufficient for the purposes of the baby in full without any additional food and according to the World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until the age of 4-6 months baby. Annually, more than 25,000 babies Indonesia and 1.3 million babies around the world can be saved by exclusive breastfeeding in 1999, while according to the 2000 report, the WHO approximately 1.5 million children die because they are not feeding properly, less than 15% infants worldwide are given for four months of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding is often inappropriate and unsafe. This research is explanatory research because it explains the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable through hypothesis testing. The method used in this study is a survey method with cross sectional study design. The population in this study are all mothers who breastfeed in Puskesmas Kalumata 2012. Knowledge of the highest in the category of knowledge of both 81 (95.3%) and the behavior of the Exclusive breastfeeding is highest among respondents with a good knowledge of the 55 categories (67.9%). Respondents' attitudes toward breastfeeding Exclusive showed much respondeng that supports 54 (63.5%) and 31 (36.5%) that does not support exclusive breastfeeding her baby. Family Support tehadap respondents in the most exclusive breastfeeding: supporting respondents in exclusive breastfeeding her baby 64 (75.3%) and 21 (24.7%) who did not support the.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences