jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression Vector Construction of Rubisco Activase Gene CsRCA and Genetic Transformation to Cucumber

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/xygenase(Rubisco)is a key enzyme in the photosynthetic carbon cycle. In order to elucidate the activating mechanism of Rubisco in plants,the Rubisco activase gene CsRCA was introduced into inbred line of cucumber with the Agrobacterium-mediated method. The transgenic plants were screened by PCR,and their expression in mRNA and protein level were analysed by real-time PCR and western blot respectively. The restriction enzyme result showed that the CsRCA was inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1301,a sense expression vector containingCsRCA gene was constructed. The resulting plasmid was introduced into cucumber inbred lines‘08-1’,and seven transgenic plants which contain two CsRCA copies were obtained(The wild type plants contain one CsRCA copy). The transformation rate was about 3.5%. The seven T0 transgenic cucumber plants showed 1–1.98 folds in CsRCA mRNA abundance and a significant increase in expression of protein level compared with the wild type(WT)plants. CsRCA over expression led to significant increase in the pigment content, photosynthetic rate Pn),soluble sugar and starch contents in T1 transgenic plant leaves. These data ( indicated that stable genetic CsRCA transgenic cucumber plants were obtained with Agrobacterium-mediated method. CsRCA over expression increased the Pn and carbohydrate significantly in cucumber leaves.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental comparison of robotics locomotion with passive tether and active tether

Most small robots require a tethered connection with a power and control source. The tether has advantages, namely robust communication and safe recovery, and disadvantages, tangling with obstacles and rough terrain. Active tether is a new research area for tethered robot systems. It provides continuously distributed form of actuation for robots that results from the effect of water hammer. It also reduces the friction of the tether by the jerks from the water hammer effect. In this paper, we duplicate the active tethered system and test the performance of the active tethered system by comparing it with passive tethered system under our test conditions for mobile robot. The two experimental comparison tests are distance test and drag test, which all show the advantage of the active tethered system. Furthermore, we address the broad impact of this novel form of locomotion.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combined substrate micropatterning and FFT analysis reveals myotube size control and alignment by contact guidance

Abstract Most important evaluating criteria for in vitro skeletal muscle models include the extent of differentiation and the degree of alignment in the tissue model. Substrate micropatterning is considered as an effective tool as it recreates in vivo like cellular microenvironment and helps in understanding the fundamental concepts and mechanisms underlying myogenesis. However, the influence of micropatterning based contact guidance cues over satellite cell alignment and myotube formation needs to be explored and studied further. In the present work, we demonstrate the regulation of myotube size control and alignment through the substrate micropatterning. For this purpose, primary myoblast cells (i.e., satellite cells) isolated from rat hind limb muscle were characterized and cultured for a period of 14 days on micropatterned glass substrates processed by the microchannnel flowed plasma process. Several characteristic parameters of muscle differentiation, including the fusion index, maturation index, and average width of the myotubes were quantified. The functional behavior of cultured myotubes exhibiting spontaneous contractions was assessed through kymograph to determine the twitch frequency. In addition, we evaluated the degree of alignment of myotubes on micropatterned substrates through examining orientation order parameter and two‐dimensional fast Fourier transform analysis. Altogether, the outcomes reveal that the contact guidance cues arising due to micropatterning of the substrates could be a key regulator for controlling the size and degree of alignment of myotubes during the myogenesis process.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antioxidant synergism and antagonism between tocotrienols, quercetin and rutin in model system

The aim of the study was to reveal antioxidant synergism or antagonism between quercetin, rutin and selected tocotrienols in linoleic acid emulsion. The oxidative stress was generated by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or CuSO4; the increase of the concentration of peroxidation products was monitored using fluorescence probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). The antioxidant activity of tested substances depends on the form of the antioxidant (aglycone, glycoside), its concentration, localization in the emulsion, and the factors generating oxidative stress. The synergistic effect occurred when the effectiveness of individual antioxidant was relatively weak and mainly when the concentration of antioxidants was in the physiologically significant range of 1 μM. We suggest that tocotrienols were regenerated by flavonoids. The synergism benefitted from the proximity of the localization of interacting antioxidants (e.g. the presence of one of the antioxidants at the oil-water interface).

Topic: Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Distal biceps tendon injuries

Distal biceps tendon (DBT) conditions comprise a spectrum of disorders including bicipitoradial bursitis, partial tears, acute and chronic complete tears. In low-demand patients with complete DBT tears, non-operative treatment may be entertained provided the patient understands the potential for residual weakness, particularly in forearm supination. Most acute tears are best treated by primary repair using either single-incision or double-incision techniques with good clinical outcomes. Single-incision techniques may carry a higher risk of nerve-related complications, whereas double-incision techniques have historically been considered to carry a higher risk of heterotopic ossification, particularly if the ulna is exposed. Various fixation techniques, including bone tunnels, cortical buttons, suture anchors, interference screws or a combination seem to provide different fixation strength but similar clinical outcomes. Some chronic tears may be repaired primarily, provided tendon tissue can be identified; alternatively, autograft or allograft reconstruction can be considered, and good outcomes have been reported with both techniques. Cite this article: Alentorn-Geli E, Assenmacher AT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Distal biceps tendon injuries: a clinically relevant current concepts review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:316-324. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000053.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Activation of Macrophage Promatrix Metalloproteinase-9 by Lipopolysaccharide-Associated Proteinases

Abstract LPS induces an up-regulation of promatrix metalloproteinase-9 (proMMP9) gene expression in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We demonstrate here that LPS preparations are also able to activate proMMP9 made by human macrophages or THP-1 cells via LPS-associated proteinases, which cleave the N-terminal propeptide at a site or sites close to the one cleaved upon activation with organomercurial compounds. LPS-associated proteinases are serine proteinases that are able to cleave denatured collagens (gelatin) and the mammalian serine proteinase inhibitor, α1-proteinase inhibitor, thereby pushing the balance of extracellular matrix turnover even further toward degradation. A low molecular mass, low affinity inhibitor of MMP9, possibly derived from the propeptide, is generated during proMMP9 activation. However, inhibition of the LPS-associated proteinases had no effect on proMMP9 synthesis, indicating that their proteolytic activity was not required for signaling the up-regulation of the proMMP9 gene.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Genus Acinopterus (Homoptera, Cicadellidae)

The genus Acinopterus was described by Van Duzee in 1892 (Psyche, p. 307), with Acinopterus acuminatus Van D. as the haplotype. Up to the present time 29 species and varieties have been named. The present paper is a result of a study of the quite large collections of this genus in the Snow Entomological Collection of the University of Kansas, the United States National Museum, and the private collection of Dr. E. D. Ball. After a study of all this material and all the types of the various species concerned, 12 are here recognized as valid, 17 are placed in synonymy, and 9 are described as new.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Uji Efektivitas Pupuk NPK (20-51-13) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kubis melalui Foliar Spray

Fertilization is one of the important activities in plant cultivation because it plays a role in increasing productivity by maintaining soil fertility. This experiment aimed to test the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) on the growth and production of cabbage plants and its agronomic effectiveness. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. The treatments tested: without application of the tested fertilizer (P0), application of inorganic fertilizer comparison (2 kg/ha/application) (P1), and 5 levels of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) tested, namely: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg/ha/application. The recommended doses of urea, SP-36, and KCl fertilizers were 200, 100, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) can increase the growth of cabbage plants as indicated by the variables of plant height and number of cabbage leaves compared to the control treatment. In addition, the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) increased the yield components of cabbage plants compared to the control treatment. The treatment of 0.75 doses of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) was agronomically effective because it produced the highest relative agronomic effectiveness value of 145%, which means it can increase yields by 1.45 times. The recommended dose for cabbage plants is 1.5 kg/ha/application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) applied 5 times at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 WAP.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Infrared spectra of CO2 in H2O:CH3OH:CO2 icy mixtures

Abstract. We have studied by laboratory infrared spectroscopy the profile of the CO2 absorption bands in different H2O:CH3OH:CO2 mixtures. Icy mixtures have been accreted on a substrate at 12.5 K inclined of 45 degrees with respect to the infrared beam of the spectrometer. Spectra have been taken with the electric vector of the infrared beam parallel (P polarized) and perpendicular (S polarized) to the plane of incidence. The samples have been warmed up and spectra have been taken at different temperatures. We confirm CO2 segregation after warm-up. Furthermore we find that when segregation occurs the profile of CO2 bands are different in the two different polarization cases. As shown by Baratta et al. (2000) this means that these laboratory spectra cannot be directly compared to the astronomical spectra.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Incidence of Four Major Citrus Viruses on Citrus unshiu in Jeju Island

A survey was carried out to determine the distribution of 4 kinds of citrus viruses, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV), Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) in the Citrus unshiu. The samples were harvested from 20 leaves each groove in the Jeju island and analyzed by multiplex PCR. The result showed that 95.5% and 1.5% of 400 trees in 20 grooves were infected with CTV and CTLV, respectively, and SDV or CiMV was not detected in any of the trees tested. The infection rate of CTV was greatly induced and the infection rates of CTLV, SDV, and CiMV were reduced compared to previous survey report in 1999.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Fundamental Determinants of Financial Integration in the European Union

This paper focuses on the fundamental determinants of the degree of financial integration in the European Union over the period 1973-1993. Using closed interest differentials to measure the intensity of capital controls and applying a panel data approach, we find realized inflation rates, government deficits, current account deficits and credits to the domestic economy to be significantly positively correlated with the intensity of capital export restrictions. In addition, low productivity in the business sector and low availability of sophisticated deposit instruments are positively related to the intensity of capital export controls. Consequently, remaining differences in national economic and financial structures, should be of greater interest to policymakers.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
21 ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE REDUCE REHOSPITALIZATION AMONG HYPERTENSIVE HEART FAILURE PATIENT AT SAIFUL ANWAR HOSPITAL

Background: Previous studies suggest that medication adherence strongly related to cardiovascular outcome, including rehospitalization event. Objective: The study aims to determine the correlation between antihypertensive medication adherence and rehospitalization rate. Method: We conducted a cross sectional research of hypertensive heart failure patient, who were hospitalized in Saiful Anwar Hospital from January to December 2017. Data were collected based on patient demographic, medical history, laboratory findings, antihypertensive therapies, and readmission events. The association between medication adherence and rehospitalization events were examined using logistic regression. Result: Hypertension was noted among 57,8% heart failure patient. Among hypertensive patient, as much as 39,8% were controlled. Compliance between controlled patient only 21,1%. The risk of hospitalization was increased stepwise with decreasing adherence. The hazard risk for the risk of hospitalization were estimated as 5.578 (CI 95% 2.561 – 12.945) for the poor adherence group. We also examine the precipitating factors related to rehospitalization event. They were acute coronary syndrome (31,3%), poor compliance (21,1%), infection (12,7%), hypertension crisis (12,0%), arrhythmia (11,4%), and others (11,4%). Conclusion: Poor medication adherence was associated with a greater risk of hospitalization.

Topic: Medication Adherence and Compliance
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The allocation of Pasifika identity in New Zealand classrooms

Abstract: Recent curriculum development in New Zealand has included an emphasis on the notion of developing students, identity. This presents a dilemma for New Zealand teachers who are working in an education system where diversity is acknowledged and valued in curriculum documents but who are living in a society where fragmentation, confusion, and even hostility exists towards pluralism. Introductory comments to The New Zealand Curriculum include a pronouncement that, "The New Zealand Curriculum is a clear statement of what we deem important in education" (p. 4). Both the vision for young people and the principles, which embody what is important and desirable in the curriculum, detail the hope that students can clarify their own identities in relation to their particular heritages and that they are positive in their own identity (Ministry of Education, 2007). This paper examines the way in which New Zealand teachers have interpreted and addressed the concept of identity in their classroom programmes. It presents an analysis of qualitative data collected in interviews with Year 7 and 8 teachers. Drawing on findings from this study, the author details four categorisations of teacher type: the cultural provider; cultural mediator; cultural transmitter; and cultural popularist. These categorisations underscore teacher choices and practices related to the affirmation of identity. The article argues that teachers allocate rather than affirm a form of identity to their students and that this choice has significant implications, particularly for Pasifika students in New Zealand classrooms.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Microarray and research of Chinese medications: pharmcogenomics of Chinese medications].

The mechanism of Chinese medications have some characteristic such as multi-pathway, multi-components, multi-targets and so on, which decide the direction of systems research. In the recent years, microarrays be concerned with the relative field of Chinese medications for its superiority of highthough, parallel and high-density. This paper mainly generalize the approach of these methods in the recent three years, such as finding effective target of Chinese medications, effective part of Chinese medications, checkup of Chinese medications, screening new drugs and so on. We suggest the concept of Pharmacogenomics of Chinese medications with the guidance of the theory of Chinese medications for further development of Chinese medications.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Efektivitas Komunikasi Penyuluhan Pertanian di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Usahatani Padi Sawah di Desa Sulemandara Kecamatan Pondidaha Kabupaten Konawe

The goal of this study is to see how efficient agricultural extension workers were in communicating with farmers during the Covid-19 epidemic on lowland rice farming in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency, knowledge of farmers in lowland rice farming during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency and the relationship between the effectiveness of the communication between the extension worker and the knowledge of the farmer in lowland rice farming. From November to January 2022, this study was done in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency with a population of 128 people and a sample of 32 respondents. Sampling in this study used a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used quantitative descriptive data analysis method with the formula of similarity of meaning. Communication between agricultural extension staff and farmers was found to be inefficient, according to the findings, namely that there were differences in meaning in communication between extension workers and farmers.

Topic: Agricultural Development and Management
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Serum calprotectin as a marker of autoimmunity activation in rheumatologic diseases

Calprotectin is a heterodimer formed by two proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are mainly produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils. The role of calprotectin in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatic diseases has attracted a high attention in the last years. According to modern data, circulating serum calprotectin can be considered as a marker of the inflammatory process due to neutrophil activity. An association between its high level and some severe manifestations of autoimmune diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and pulmonary fibrosis, has been found. Also, of interest is its potential role as a target for drug therapy, an indicator of prognosis of therapeutic response to treatment. This article reviews the key biological functions of calprotectin that may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatologic diseases, presenting its potential use as a biomarker of these pathologies.

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
High temperature superconductors: A technological revolution

The objectives are to demonstrate the Meissner effect through magnetic levitation, to demonstrate one application of the Meissner effect, the low friction magnetic rotation bearing, and to demonstrate magnetic flux penetration and the Type II nature of ceramic superconductors via the stacking of the superconductor disks. Experimental equipment and procedures are described.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abuse of the Record of Arrest Not Leading to Conviction

This paper compares the United States with thirty-nine other countries in regard to the use of records of arrest that have not led to a conviction. In the U.S., persons previously arrested though not convicted are often denied jobs or licenses because of the failure by government agencies and private employers to distinguish between an arrest and a conviction, a practice incom patible with the principle of the presumption of innocence.

Topic: Criminal Law and Evidence
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality of the pirenic and apirenic fruits of surinam cherry tree accesses (Eugenia uniflora)

Surinam cherry is a native fruit tree with market potential. However, the pulp yield can be impaired by the size of the fruit seed. At UTFPR there is a genotype which produces seedless fruits, that can intensify the use of this species in orchards, and it is important to analyze the quality of the produced fruit. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fruits from pirenic and apirenic accessions of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora). In 2012, 2013 and 2015, 40 ripe fruits were collected from 23 Surinam cherry accessions, including an apirenic genotype one. The fruits were taken to the laboratory and analyzed regarding total fruit and seed weight, equatorial fruit and seed diameter, and total soluble solids content (SST). The twenty-third access presented physical characteristics that stood out from the other accesses, but, a larger size of the seed is an undesirable factor, once with industrialization it diminishes the use and yield of the pulp. Access 19, corresponding to the apirenic cherry tree, presented a smaller diameter and seed weight, which is a desirable feature. This genotype also has the physicochemical characteristics considered appropriate for processing or fresh market.

Topic: Agricultural and Food Sciences
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences