jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a PCR melting profile method for intraspecies differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale

In order to identify the source of infections caused by dermatophytes, as well as the pathogen transmission pathway, there is a need to determine methods that allow detailed genetic differentiation of the strains within the dermatophyte genera. In this work, a PCR melting profile (PCR-MP) technique based on the ligation of adaptors and the difference in melting temperatures of DNA restriction fragments was used for the first time for intraspecies genotyping of dermatophytes. Clinical isolates and reference strains of dermatophytes isolated from skin, scalp, toenails and fingernails were used for this study. PCR-MP and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to type 11 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum , 40 isolates of Trichophyton interdigitale and 14 isolates of Microsporum canis . The results distinguished five types (containing one subtype) characteristic for T. rubrum and seven types characteristic for T. interdigitale using the PCR-MP technique. Analysis conducted using RAPD revealed five types for T. rubrum and four types for T. interdigitale isolates. No differentiation was observed for the M. canis isolates with either method. These results demonstrate that PCR-MP is a reliable method for the differentiation of T. rubrum and T. interdigitale strains and yields a discriminatory power that is at least equal to that of RAPD.

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Origin of Chardonnay clones with historical significance in Australia and California

Background and Aims The Chardonnay clone Gingin was imported into Western Australia in 1957 and has become one of Australia's oldest recognised Chardonnay clones. While its phenotypic similarity to other Chardonnay clones has been noted, its origins and relatedness to these clones remains a mystery. This study builds on previous Chardonnay clonal marker research to uncover the origins of Gingin. Methods and Results Samples of Gingin and clones suspected to be related to Gingin were sequenced and analysed in a marker discovery pipeline along with previously sequenced Chardonnay clones. Sequencing data for previously uncharacterised samples were also included. Clonal markers were identified for all samples and a new phylogeny for all sequenced Chardonnay clones was built which revealed that Gingin is related to other clones. Conclusions The results are consistent with Gingin being a selection of an old University of California, Davis/Foundation Plant Services clone called Chardonnay-1, from which the clone OF Chard was derived. It is also related to the clone Mendoza, but the origin of this clone is still unclear. Significance of the Study This study demonstrates the potential of clonal genetic markers for the identification of grapevine clones, and in helping to unravel their origin and to establish their heritage; in this example shedding light on a 60-year-old mystery and opening the door for authenticity testing of these important clones.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Milk and Its Product by Real Time PCR Assay

3 Abstract: The SYBR Green RT-PCR assay is a useful diagnostic tool for quick, high throughput and reliable routine screening of S. aureus isolates. Moreover, the SYBR Green based quantitative detection of these pathogens in raw milk could remarkably contribute to clarify their actual role in Staphylococcal food poisoning and other clinical syndromes associated with the consumption of milk and milk-based products. In this work the incidences of Staphylococcus aureus in Kareish cheese, ice-cream and raw milk by using the traditional methods were 68, 50 and 40%, respectively and the lowest percentage was detected from yoghurt (14%). Real- time PCR assay was used to provide a rapid and sensitive method for the specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and its product. The melting point to Staphylococcus aureus was 83.4°C.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intensification of a Lapita fishery at the Hopoate site on Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga

Zooarchaeological analysis of fish bones is a valuable approach to understand prehistoric diet and resource exploitation in island and coastal settings. This thesis explores fish use at the Hopoate site on Tongatapu by identifying the various taxa which comprised the ichthyoarchaeological assemblage. The analysis focused on recovered materials which date to the earliest period of occupation in Tonga (2850 cal BP). This is the first detailed fishery study from Tongatapu; few have been conducted elsewhere in Tonga. The inhabitants at Hopoate focused fishing on inshore reef fish which is typical of Lapita fisheries. The first inhabitants, the Lapita peoples, benefited from a mixed subsistence economy of plant and marine foods. However, the relative contribution of fish to the Lapita diet was variable across the Pacific Islands. Eighteen fish taxa were identified from a total NISP of 5091. The analysis of fish bones from Hopoate indicated an intensification of the fishery during the mid-Lapita period (2690-2390 cal BP). Past archaeological studies on Tongatapu have recorded a severe decrease in the availability of shellfish from the Fanga ‘Uta Lagoon, following the initial settlement of the island. The increased fishing efforts are possibly related to the decreasing availability of shellfish from the lagoon.

Topic: Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Highly Efficient and Green Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (Thiones) Using 3-sulfonic Acid-1-imidazolopyridinium Hydrogen Sulfate under Solvent-free Conditions

The ionic liquid catalyst 3-sulfonic acid-1-imidazolopyridinium hydrogen sulfate, [Simp]HSO4 was found to be a highly active and green catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (thiones) under the solvent-free conditions.Avoiding organic solvents during the chemical reactions leading to an economic approach is effective.The reactions are characterized by high efficiency, short reaction time, high product yield, simple experimental procedure, availability of catalyst, and environmentally-friendly reaction conditions.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review article: reforming state urban policy in South Africa?

Simon Bekker and Richard Humphries, From Control to Confusion; the Changing Role of Administration Boards in South Africa: 1971–1983 (Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and Shooter, 1985). Pp. 258. R17.95. Hermann Giliomee and Lawrence Schlemmer (eds.), Up Against the Fences, Poverty, Passes and Privilege in South Africa (Cape Town: David Philip, 1985). Pp. 365. R17.95.

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Liver transplantation for pediatric inherited metabolic disorders: Considerations for indications, complications, and perioperative management

Abstract LT is an effective therapeutic option for a variety of IEM. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from severe disease manifestations and/or life‐threatening metabolic decompensations despite medical/dietary management. Due to the significant risks for systemic complications from surgical stressors, careful perioperative management is vital. Even after LT, some disorders require long‐term dietary restriction, medical management, and monitoring of metabolites. Successful liver transplant for these complex disorders can be achieved with disease‐ and patient‐specific strategies using a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review indications, complications, perioperative management, and long‐term follow‐up recommendations for IEM that are treatable with LT.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Disseminated Herpes Zoster

Herpes zoster is an acute viral infection characterized by vesicular skin lesions which are usually distributed over several unilateral adjacent sensory dermatomes. On microscopic examination the typical vesicular lesion reveals inflammation of the corium, edematous "ballooning" of epidermal cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies, and giant cell formation.<sup>1</sup>Inflammation and necrosis also occur in ganglia of the sensory portions of spinal or cranial nerves and occasionally in motor roots or the spinal cord. A localized leptomeningitis which leads to pleocytosis and elevated protein in cerebrospinal fluid is relatively common.<sup>2</sup> In the typical case of herpes zoster, the cutaneous lesions are largely localized to the sites of initial involvement, and manifestations of a constitutional disturbance are minimal. However, in about 2% to 5% of cases of zoster, hematogenous dissemination of virus apparently occurs and leads to the development of widespread cutaneous lesions and a clinical syndrome with many of the characteristics

Topic: Dermatological and COVID-19 studies
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lifestyles and health risks of university students

Introduction: University life represents an important change in students' development; since they enter adulthood, in which they will deal with academic challenges and responsibilities; reducing considerably the time to carry out physical, recreational and/or cultural activities; favoring diseases related to overweight and obesity, because of sedentarism, potentializing the consumption of harmful substances as relaxation or anti-stress mechanisms. Objective: To analyze the variables in the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, physical and cultural activity in new students in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. Materials and methods: Comparative, observational study with a descriptive scope. It was conducted by non-probabilistic sampling at convenience, in three generations, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The variables, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, frequency of physical activity and frequency of cultural activities were evaluated. Results and conclusions: Of the three generations evaluated, the one with the highest average for the four variables to be evaluated was 2017. The practice of cultural activities is the least performed in the three generations. The analysis of alcohol and tobacco consumption, as well as physical activity, is consistent with the data reported in ENSANUT 2016, 2018, and ENCODAT 2017.

Topic: Health and Lifestyle Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Judith as a shop or Inn-sign

Journal Article Judith as a shop or Inn-sign Get access L. L. L. L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 175, Issue 12, 17 September 1938, Page 209, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/175.12.209b Published: 17 September 1938

Topic: Cultural History and Identity Formation
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Perceived influence, decision‐making and access to information in family services as factors of parental empowerment: a cross‐sectional study of parents with young children

Background Parental empowerment is known to increase parents' resources and to reduce stress, and therefore to improve family well‐being. Professionals working in family services (child health clinics, school health care, day care, preschool and primary school) encounter families in various everyday settings and can significantly support parental empowerment. Aim This study aimed (i) to identify associations between parental empowerment and demographic and family service characteristics (i.e. parents' participation and perceived influence, decision‐making and access to information) and (ii) to identify predictors of maternal and paternal empowerment. Method Study design was cross‐sectional. Participants were mothers (n = 571) and fathers (n = 384) of children aged 0–9 who were selected by stratified random sampling in 2009. Associations were analysed by t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis. Results Sufficient perceived influence and joint decision‐making by family and professionals on family service appointments emerged as significant variables of increased parental empowerment. Access to adequate information about municipal services was also associated with high empowerment. These family service characteristics were associated with parents' sense that they were able to manage in everyday life and had influence on specific service situations and family services in general. Mothers with a child aged under 3 or a child in home care or primary school, and fathers with a lower education feel less empowered in family services than other parents. Conclusion Knowledge about the factors associated with parental empowerment can contribute to further reinforce parental empowerment, help identify parents who need special attention and contribute to the development of family services.

Topic: Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A genome-wide association study implicates the olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster diapause-associated lifespan extension and fecundity

Abstract The effects of environmental stress on animal life are gaining importance with climate change. Diapause is a dormancy program that occurs in response to an adverse environment, followed by resumption of development and reproduction upon the return of favorable conditions. Diapause is a complex trait, so we leveraged the Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) lines and conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to characterize the genetic basis of diapause. We assessed post-diapause and non-diapause fecundity across 193 DGRP lines. GWAS revealed 546 genetic variants, encompassing single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions associated with post-diapause fecundity. We identified 291 candidate diapause-associated genes, 40 of which had previously been associated with diapause, and 89 of which were associated with more than one SNP. Gene network analysis indicated that the diapause-associated genes were primarily linked to neuronal and reproductive system development. Similarly, comparison with results from other fly GWAS revealed the greatest overlap with olfactory-behavior-associated and fecundity-and-lifespan-associated genes. An RNAi screen of selected candidates identified two neuronal genes, Dip-𝛾 and Scribbler, to be required during recovery for post-diapause fecundity. We complemented the genetic analysis with a test of which neurons are required for successful diapause. We found that although amputation of the antenna had little to no effect on non-diapause lifespan, it reduced diapause lifespan and postdiapause fecundity. We further show that olfactory receptor neurons and temperature-sensing neurons are required for successful recovery from diapause. Our results provide insights into the molecular, cellular, and genetic basis of adult reproductive diapause in Drosophila.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel ruthenium-silver based antimicrobial potentiates aminoglycoside activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

ABSTRACT The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance combined with the decline in the discovery of novel antibiotics represents a major challenge for infectious disease control that can only be mitigated by investments in novel treatment strategies. Alternative antimicrobials, including silver, have regained interest due to their diverse mechanisms of inhibiting microbial growth. One such example is AGXX, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that produces highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inflict extensive macromolecular damage. Due to the connections identified between ROS production and antibiotic lethality, we hypothesized that AGXX could potentially increase the activity of conventional antibiotics. Using the gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , we screened possible synergistic effects of AGXX on several antibiotic classes. We found that the combination of AGXX and aminoglycosides tested at sublethal concentrations led to a rapid exponential decrease in bacterial survival and restored the sensitivity of a kanamycin-resistant strain. ROS production contributes significantly to the bactericidal effects of AGXX/aminoglycoside treatments, which is dependent on oxygen availability and can be reduced by the addition of ROS scavengers. Additionally, P. aeruginosa strains deficient in ROS detoxifying/repair genes were more susceptible to AGXX/aminoglycoside treatment. We further demonstrate that this synergistic interaction was associated with a significant increase in outer and inner membrane permeability, resulting in increased antibiotic influx. Our study also revealed that AGXX/aminoglycoside-mediated killing requires an active proton motive force across the bacterial membrane. Overall, our findings provide an understanding of cellular targets that could be inhibited to increase the activity of conventional antimicrobials. IMPORTANCE The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria coupled with the decline in antibiotic development highlights the need for novel alternatives. Thus, new strategies aimed at repurposing conventional antibiotics have gained significant interest. The necessity of these interventions is evident especially in gram-negative pathogens as they are particularly difficult to treat due to their outer membrane. This study highlights the effectiveness of the antimicrobial AGXX in potentiating aminoglycoside activities against P. aeruginosa . The combination of AGXX and aminoglycosides not only reduces bacterial survival rapidly but also significantly re-sensitizes aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. In combination with gentamicin, AGXX induces increased endogenous oxidative stress, membrane damage, and iron-sulfur cluster disruption. These findings emphasize AGXX’s potential as a route of antibiotic adjuvant development and shed light on potential targets to enhance aminoglycoside activity.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the road to be an international Islamic capital market center

This paper addresses the development of the Islamic debt securities in Malaysia with a focus on four key strategic initiatives that have been identified by Capital Market Master Plan to achieve the objective to establish Malaysia as an international Islamic capital market center. These initiative are, first, facilitate the development of a wide range of competitive products and services related to the Islamic capital market; second, create a viable market for the effective mobilization of funds; third ensure that there is an appropriate and comprehensive accounting, tax and regulatory framework for the Islamic capital market and fourth, enhance the value recognition of the Malaysian Islamic capital market internationally.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Visibility, Contact and Market-Competence: Keys to the Inclusion of People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Lebanese Workplace

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience high unemployment due to external (stigma, parental overprotection and low expectations) and internal (learned helplessness) barriers. Although Lebanon was a pioneer among Arab countries in its legislative and social activism toward inclusion of disabled people, stigma persists and a benevolence model of disability still prevails. Aims: This article aims at identifying the needs of people with ID, and proposing directions for future work toward their inclusion in the Lebanese workplace, based on identified needs. Methodology: A literature search for articles on ID in Lebanon and national and regional reports on employment of people with ID over the past two decades was performed, excluding all documentation using unclear definitions of ID or focusing on mental illness. Findings: Analysis of the literature highlighted the need for more familiarity and contact with, for more visibility of, and more market-competent training for people with ID in Lebanon. Conclusions and implications: Prejudice and faulty conceptions of ID can be reduced by increasing visibility of people with ID through increased everyday life contact opportunities. Change is urged at the level of organisational sheltered training to provide a more market-competent training for ensuring proper job placement of people with ID in mainstream labour.

Topic: Disability Education and Employment
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An RRG approach to French complementation patterns

The aim of this paper is, in the framework of rrg (Van Valin & La Polla 1997; Van Valin 2005), to propose some operator constraints on the logical structure of complement taking predicates in French, in particular the class of propositional attitude (BELIEVE class, croire ) and that of volition (WANT class, vouloir ). To approach the complementation patterns of these classes requires the treatment of the different syntactic structures (infinitival core coordination/clause subordination) and modal opposition (indicative/subjunctive) in a unifying way. The present paper argues that specification of the operators in the logical structure allows the prediction of the correct syntactic structures and the appropriate selection of mood to each class of verbs.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Axial Fourier Rebinning for Time-of-Flight PET

Fully 3D time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners offer the potential of substantially improved image quality in clinical PET imaging. The main challenges of 3D TOF PET imaging are the data storage with either list-mode or binned formats, and the reconstruction time using iterative algorithms. Previously, we derived the Fourier rebinning and consistency equations (FORCEs), and showed 3D TOF data can be fully characterized by two consistency equations. In this work, we present an exact Fourier rebinning for 3D TOF data based on the axial consistency equation to dramatically reduce the data storage and the reconstruction time. Starting from pre-corrected 3D TOF data, the axial Fourier rebinning algorithm estimates a 2D TOF sinogram for each transverse slice without information loss. Since the 3D TOF data are axially truncated, we provide a solution to estimate the missing portion in the oblique TOF projection data. The proposed axial Fourier rebinning for TOF data (axFRT) can take advantage of all the 3D TOF data statistics, and the rebinned 2D TOF data can then be reconstructed using any algorithms for 2D or 2. 5D TOF reconstructions. The axFRT algorithm allows the axial data sets being rebinned independently, and there are tens of thousands of such data sets which can naturally take advantage of the massively parallel processors to dramatically speedup the rebinning. We show numerical simulations to demonstrate that axFRT produces accurate and unbiased rebinned sinograms even for TOF PET with large axial acceptance angle. The axFRT will be particularly useful for 3D TOF PET with large axial field of view for PET imaging applications including dynamic, whole- or total-body imaging.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences