jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circulating interleukin-33 levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Our research finds an inconclusive relationship between IL-33 serum levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nondiabetic individuals with obesity. In addition, we note a potential gender association with IL-33 serum levels. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to assess the significance of serum IL-33 in T2D and obesity. Urgent standardization is needed in IL-33 quantification and reporting methods for reliable comparisons.

Topic: IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Beyond borders: steering metropolitan growth priorities through spatial imaginaries

Borders and boundaries are practical ways of organising spatial relations in metropolitan regions. They usefully define administrative divisions between local government areas, informing the constraints of land-use plans, and describe individual sites necessary for the transaction and development of property and land. However, functional divisions of space are not always clear cut. Contemporary challenges of urbanisation and globalisation often ignore administrative-political boundaries, thus statutory divisions of space are required to be woven into other functional spatial layers drawing attention to the strategic-statutory interface of planning systems and governance arrangements. Although not new, experiments with spatial imaginaries have accelerated, and have become central to metropolitan strategies. In Sydney, the Greater Parramatta and Olympic Peninsula functional economic corridor introduces both new mechanisms for implementation and statutory weight on top of strategic direction. We draw attention to the way this spatial imaginary utilises (or ignores) existing borders and boundaries in an attempt to rebalance the spatial structure of the metropolitan region. Through this case study, we highlight the challenges of rebalancing the Sydney metropolitan region, and the broader implications that emerge through the use of spatial imaginaries.

Topic: Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Isolation and partial characterization of two biologically active peptides from porcine spinal cord.

Two biologically active peptides designated SCP-1 and SCP-2 have been isolated and partially characterized from porcine spinal cord. The results of amino acid analysis, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and the chromatographic analysis of the dansylated derivatives indicate that these two peptides are homogeneous. The amino acid composition and apparent untriakontapeptide and SCP-2 is a pentacospeptide. The N-terminal amino acids of SCP-1 and SCP-2 are Arginine and Tryptophan respectively. SCP-1 can stimulate the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and SCP-2 induces hypotension in anesthetized rat. Both SCP-1 and SCP-2 show no morphine-like activity. The chemical composition and biological properties of SCP-1 and SCP-2 distinguish them from any known peptide.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract TP164: Low Free Triiodothyronine Should Be Associated With 3-Month Poor Functional Outcome After Acute Stroke

Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with increased short-term mortality during intensive care unit stay, and with long-term mortality in cardiovascular disease. However, the association between thyroid function and clinical characteristics in patients with acute stroke has not yet been thoroughly studied. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone is associated with three-month functional outcome after acute stroke. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 908 consecutive patients with acute stroke (578 men and 330 women; median age: 73 years) who were admitted to our department between September 2014 and November 2016. General blood tests including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4), were performed on admission. Neurological severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at three months after stroke onset. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3-5, or death (mRS score of 6). The impact of thyroid function on three-month outcome was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Poor functional outcome was observed in 384 patients (42.2 %). Age ( P &lt; 0.0001), female gender ( P &lt; 0.0001), the presence of diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.0151), high admission NIHSS score ( P &lt; 0.0001), smoking ( P = 0.0064), atrial fibrillation ( P &lt; 0.0001), high pre-admission mRS score ( P &lt; 0.0001), low estimated glomerular filtration rate ( P = 0.0026) and ischemic heart disease ( P = 0.0061) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome, but no relationships between FT4, TSH and poor functional outcome were found. After adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, and various comorbidities, lower FT3 values was independently associated with poor functional outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-2.03) and mortality (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.58-3.07) at three months after stroke onset. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a lower FT3 value upon admission should be considered to have an association with three-month poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute stroke.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The characteristics of postloading bronchospasm in bronchial asthma patients].

A study of 73 patients suffering of asthma bronchiale with postloading bronchospasm and 20 without bronchospasm indicates that most pronounced bronchoconstriction after physical loads appears on the 15-20 minute in atopic asthma and asthma of physical exertion and by the 5-10 min. in infectious-allergic form of the disease. It is recommended to use MEF75, MEF50 and MEF25 as a diagnostic criterion of postloading bronchospasm.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE IMPACT OF SIROLIMUS BASED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON RESPONSE TO ANTI-HCV THERAPY AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Asthana, S.; Burak, K.; Bain, V.; Meeberg, G.; Bigam, D.; Shapiro, A. M.J.; Kneteman, N. M. Author Information

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hydroboration kinetics: Unusual kinetics for the reaction of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with representative alkenes

The kinetics of hydroboration of alkenes with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer, (9-BBN) 2 , exhibit interesting characteristics. With more reactive alkenes, such as 1-hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, and cyclopentene, the reaction exhibits first-order kinetics, first order in (9-BBN) 2 and zero order in alkene. On the other hand, with less reactive alkenes, such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, the reaction exhibits three-halves-order kinetics, first order in alkene and one-half order in (9-BBN) 2 . These kinetics can be accounted for in terms of the following mechanism: (9-BBN) 2 ⇄ 2 9-BBN 9-BBN + alkene → B -alkyl-9-BBN In the case of the more reactive alkenes, the rate-determining step is the dissociation of the dimer. With less reactive alkenes, the reaction of the alkene with the monomer becomes the rate-determining step. For certain alkenes, such as 2-methyl-2-butene and cis -3-hexene, neither of the two steps is a decisive rate-determining step. Therefore, the reaction exhibits kinetic behavior between that of first- and three-halves-order kinetics.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peripheral Vascular Intervention: A Review

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) continues to increase worldwide. It is important to identify patients with PAD because of the increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death and impaired quality of life because of a profound limitation in exercise performance.Lower extremity PAD affects approximately 10% of population, with 30% to 40% of these patients presenting with claudication symptoms. Peripheral arterial disease is common, but the diagnosis frequently is overlooked because of subtle physical findings and lack of classic symptoms. Screening based on the ankle brachial index using doppler ultrasonography may be more useful than physical examination alone. Noninvasive modalities to locate lesions include duplex scanning, computed tomography angiogram, magnetic resonance angiography and invasive modalities peripheral angiogram is the gold standard. Major risk factors for peripheral arterial disease are cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, older age (older than 40 years), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocystinemia. Intermittent claudication may be improved by risk-factor modification, exercise, and pharmacologic therapy. Based on available evidence, a supervised exercise program is the most effective treatment. Effective drug therapies for peripheral arterial disease include aspirin (with or without dipyridamole), clopidogrel, cilostazol, and pentoxifylline. By contrast, critical limb ischemia (CLI) is considered the most severe pattern of peripheral artery disease. It is defined by the presence of chronic ischemic rest pain, ulceration or gangrene attributable to the occlusion of peripheral arterial vessels. It is associated with a high risk of major amputation, cardiovascular events and death. The management of CLI should include an exercise program, guideline-based medical therapy to lower the cardiovascular risk. Most of the cases, revascularization is indicated to save limbs; an “endovascular first” approach and lastly surgical approach, if all measures were failed. The choice of the intervention is dependent on the anatomy of the stenotic or occlusive lesion; percutaneous interventions are appropriate when the lesion is focal and short but longer lesions must be treated with surgical revascularisation to achieve acceptable long-term outcome.&#x0D; Bangladesh Heart Journal 2019; 34(1) : 58-67

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measuring the Performance of Health Workers

Discusses the performance of health workers within the system—their knowledge, experience, skills, and dedication—which can help translate other key data inputs from hospitals and medicine. Human resources for health (HRH) may provide the single most important data contribution to the health sector in low-income countries. Shortages of health personnel and poor health worker performance remain among the most pressing issues for health systems in these countries. Three measures of health worker performance—presence, quality, and productivity— although difficult to assess in the health care setting, prove important and require streamlined data collection. Health care remains different from most other production processes, which can make measuring performance difficult. Combating this difficulty requires multiple tools to evaluate performance within the health system, including (1) record reviews; (2) attendance checks; (3) patient exit interviews; (4) household surveys; (5) mystery clients and audit clients; (6) vignettes and written exams; and (7) direct observation.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Investigation of Cohesive Ties in English Book 3 of Iranian High School

This study investigated the reasons for misunderstanding of the texts available in English book 3 of Iranian high school. In order for a text to maintain its go – togetherness, it should be both cohesive and coherent. That is, it should utilize cohesive devices such as Reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical cohesion, the last one of which accounts for the state of coherence in a text. In this analysis, these five cohesive devices have been dealt with in each unit. Based on a calculated frequency, it was shown that the ellipsis and substitutions were the two cohesive devices, which were less often used, in the reading passages of this book. In addition, lexical cohesion pertinent to coherence was hardly used, causing the texts to be incoherent.

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Image formation theory of high-resolution electron microscope.

The theory of image formation by a high-resolution electron microscope is reviewed based on the wave-optics. The image formation in an electron microscope is characterized by strong interaction of electrons as well as a large spherical aberration of an objective lens. Thus the interference between scattered waves at recording an image becomes important. Ananalvtical expression of the transmission-cross-coefficient is derived, which describes the degree of coherence between each two scattered waves due to the aberrations. The transmission-cross-coefficients control the information transfer through the electron microscope, and thus limit the attainable resolution of the microscope. The characteristics of high-resolution electron microscopy will be made clear by comparison with optical microscopy.

Topic: Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Structural Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Illuminating Large-Scale IPv6 Scanning in the Internet

While scans of the IPv4 space are ubiquitous, today little is known about scanning activity in the IPv6 Internet. In this work, we present a longitudinal and detailed empirical study on large-scale IPv6 scanning behavior in the Internet, based on firewall logs captured at some 230,000 hosts of a major Content Distribution Network (CDN). We develop methods to identify IPv6 scans, assess current and past levels of IPv6 scanning activity, and study dominant characteristics of scans, including scanner origins, targeted services, and insights on how scanners find target IPv6 addresses. Where possible, we compare our findings to what can be assessed from publicly available traces. Our work identifies and highlights new challenges to detect scanning activity in the IPv6 Internet, and uncovers that today's scans of the IPv6 space show widely different characteristics when compared to the more well-known IPv4 scans.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Metabolic targeting of EGFRvIII/PDK1 axis in temozolomide resistant glioblastoma

Glioblastomas are characterized by amplification of EGFR. Approximately half of tumors with EGFR over-expression also express a constitutively active ligand independent EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII). While current treatments emphasize surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ), acquired chemoresistance is a universal feature of recurrent GBMs. To mimic the GBM resistant state, we generated an in vitro TMZ resistant model and demonstrated that dichloroacetate (DCA), a metabolic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), reverses the Warburg effect. Microarray analysis conducted on the TMZ resistant cells with their subsequent treatment with DCA revealed PDK1 as its sole target. DCA treatment also induced mitochondrial membrane potential change and apoptosis as evidenced by JC-1 staining and electron microscopic studies. Computational homology modeling and docking studies confirmed DCA binding to EGFR, EGFRvIII and PDK1 with high affinity. In addition, expression of EGFRvIII was comparable to PDK1 when compared to EGFR in GBM surgical specimens supporting our in silico prediction data. Collectively our current study provides the first in vitro proof of concept that DCA reverses the Warburg effect in the setting of EGFRvIII positivity and TMZ resistance leading to GBM cytotoxicity, implicating cellular tyrosine kinase signaling in cancer cell metabolism.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sinulariolide suppresses LPS-induced phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells

The dendritic cell (DC) maturation process is essential for the development of T cell responses and immune tolerance. Accordingly, DCs are considered a major target in the development of immunomodulating agents. In the present study, the effect of sinulariolide, an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced murine bone marrow‑derived DCs was evaluated. The different phenotypes, cytokine secretion and the mix‑lymphocyte reaction of DCs were detected using flow cytometry and ELISA. The experimental results revealed that the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs stimulated by LPS were markedly reduced by sinulariolide in a concentration‑dependent manner, including the expression of co‑stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86). In addition, sinulariolide reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑12 and nitric oxide from the LPS‑activated DCs, decreased their abilities to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation, and inhibited LPS‑induced nuclear factor‑κB pathways. These findings offer novel insight into the immunopharmacological function of sinulariolide and its effects on DCs.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain in Nellore cattle comparing growth or meat tenderness traits

The objective was to investigate gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in Nellore cattle slaughtered at different weights (BW) or degrees of meat tenderness. Ninety animals with initial BW 370 ± 37 kg, 24 months of age, were slaughtered after 95 days on feed. We evaluated shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index, ribeye area, backfat thickness, marbling, color, and cooking losses. Subsequently, 24 animals were selected and divided into four contrasting groups, in which light (BW = 504.58 ± 32.36 kg) versus heavy animals (BW = 604.83 ± 42.97 kg) and animals with tender (SF = 3.88 ± 0.57 kg) versus tough meat (SF = 7.95 ± 1.04 kg) were compared. The <i>MYH7</i>, <i>MYH2</i> and <i>MYH1</i> genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. The MyHC isoforms (MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa, and MyHC-IIx) were quantified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We found lower expression of <i>MYH2</i> and <i>MYH1</i> genes in heavy compared to light animals and a higher amount of MyHC-I isoform in the tough meat group compared to the tender meat group. Protein expression of MyHC-IIa was higher in the tender meat group. A negative correlation was found of this protein and SF (tenderness), suggesting MyHC-IIa as a biomarker of meat quality.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MEN1 gene mutation with parathyroid carcinoma: first report of a familial case

Background The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MENI) is rare and the 15 cases of malignant parathyroid tumor reported so far have been associated with MENI in individuals and not with multiple members within a family. Methods We report on a 61-year-old male, operated for a 7.3 cm parathyroid carcinoma infiltrating the esophagus. In his brother, a 4.6 cm parathyroid carcinoma was diagnosed histologically, while in the daughter, neck ultrasonography revealed 2 extrathyroidal nodules, yet to be excised. Results Screening of the MEN1 gene identified a known germline heterozygous missense mutation (c.1252G&gt;A; p.D418N) in exon 9, in all affected subjects. Conclusions The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in more than one affected member of a single MEN1 family represents the first reported familial case. This suggests that additional constitutional genetic mutations may contribute to the variation in malignant potential and clinical behavior of parathyroid tumors in MEN1.

Topic: Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamics and Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists decrease the sympathetic tones of hemodynamic and endocrine responses to surgical stimuli. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and endocrinologic effects of intraoperatively administered dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: Fifty coronary artery bypass graft patients, in a double-blind, randomized manner, received a continuous infusion of normal saline placebo or dexmedetomidine, 10 ng/kg/min for 1 hr from 5 minutes after sternotomy. All patients received standardized anesthesia. Plasma catecholamine was measured at 5 minutes after sternotomy (T1), 30 minutes after drug infusion (T2), and 30 minutes after drug cessation (T3). Heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output were monitored. Results: Compared with the placebo group, plasma norepinephrine concentrations decreased in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine attenuated increased blood pressure on surgical stimuli and induced more hypotension. Conclusions: The intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery reduced sympathetic tone and attenuated hemodynamic responses to surgical stimuli.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences