jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Status and Driving Forces of CO2 Emission of the National Low Carbon Pilot: Case Study of Guangdong Province during 1995-2015

Guangdong Province is the first batch of national low carbon pilots of China. Studying the interrelationships of economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emission, as well as the driving forces of carbon emission is not only important for the local mitigation strategy, but also for the experience which can be provided for the other regions. In this work, carbon emission within Guangdong province was calculated from 1995 to 2015. Co-relationships of economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emission were analyzed during the past two decades. In addition, driving force of carbon emission was investigated by applying the LMDI method. Results show that economic growth in Guangdong Province from 1995-2015 can be divided into the Mild Grow Stage, Fast Grow Stage, and the New Normal Stage. During the First two stages, energy consumption and carbon emission increase with the steps of economic growth. However, carbon emission evolves with the fluctuation of economic growth during the third stage, while energy consumption keeps increasing continuously. Decomposition analysis shows that economic and demographic growth both play positive role on carbon emission of Guangdong province. Moreover, for the majority of sub periods, the decomposition of energy intensity is helpful for carbon reduction of Guangdong Province. Energy structure adjustment also is beneficial for controlling carbon emission increase for most years. Furthermore, there is still potential for the development of technology mitigation, because the effect of carbon intensity always takes role as promoting carbon emission in Guangdong Province for the past two decades.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Primary skull lymphoma: A case report and review of similar cases

© 2013. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Topic: CNS Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, on platelet function in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, on platelet function in patients underwent PCI and to compare this treatment with conventional antiplatelet therapy. Methods: All patients were treated with 100 mg aspirin once a day. Additionally, the CA group received 75 mg clopidogrel once a day. The IA group was divided into extensive metabolizers (EMs, no loss-of-function, i.e. LOF allele, 75 mg clopidogrel once a day), intermediate metabolizers (IMs, carrying one LOF alleles, 75 mg clopidogrel twice daily), and poor metabolizers group (PMs, carrying two LOF alleles, 90 mg ticagrelor twice daily). After taking these antiplatelet medications for ⩾5 days, we assessed platelet function by thromboelastography, and recorded the MA ADP (maximum amplitude produced by adenosine diphosphate) value. MA ADP &gt; 47 mm was defined as residual HPR, indicating a high risk of thrombosis. MA ADP ≤ 31 mm indicated a high risk of bleeding. Results: The proportion of patients with MA ADP &gt; 47 mm was significantly lower in the IA group (29.6%) than the CA group (38.1%). The proportion of patients with MA ADP ≤ 31 mm was significantly higher in the IA group (31.0%) than the CA group (21.3%). No significant differences were found in the proportions of patients with MA ADP &gt; 47 mm or MA ADP ≤31 mm when compared between the EMs and IMs group. Conclusion: Individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, can reduce the incidence of HPR in ACS patients after PCI compared to conventional therapy. By taking a double dose of clopidogrel, patients with a CYP2C19 LOF allele can therefore overcome the reduced efficacy of clopidogrel associated with LOF alleles without increasing the risk of bleeding, which is of guiding significance for the management of antiplatelet therapy on ACS patients after PCI especially considering the CYP2C19 LOF alleles that carry an important predictor for the ischemic events. Clinical trial registration number: chiCTR-INC-17011550.

Topic: Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Social Immunology Awareness Survey

OZET Amac: Bu calismada immunoloji hakkinda toplumsal bilinc ve bakis acisi arastirildi. Gerec ve yontemler: Bu calisma Antalya’da yasayan ve bilinen bir immun sistem hastaligi olmayan 179 katilimci ile yapilmis bir anket calismasidir. Saglik sektorunde calisanlar ve universitede saglikla ilgili herhangi bir bolumde ogrenim goren ogrenciler calismaya alinmadi. Katilimcilara immun sistem bozukluklari, organlari ve dokularina iliskin bilgi duzeyleri ve asi tedavilerine bakis acilari hakkinda 14 soru soruldu. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin %75’i “immunoloji” terimini daha once hic duymamisti, %22.2’si immun sistem hastaliklarinin tedavisinin olmadigini dusunuyordu, %77’si ise yaygin olarak kullanilan asi tedavisinin immun sistemi uyarmak amaciyla yapildigini biliyordu. Sonuc: Immunoloji ve asi tedavileri tibbin onemi gittikce artan alanlari olmasina ragmen, toplumun bu konularda bilgi duzeyi oldukca dusuktur. Bu konulardaki sosyal farkindalik Saglik Bakanligi ve vakiflar tarafindan okullarda verilecek egitimlerle artirilmalidir. Anahtar sozcukler: Immunoloji; toplumsal bilinc; asi tedavisi. ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to investigate social awareness and perspective regarding immunology. Materials and methods: This study is a survey conducted with 179 participants living in Antalya who have no known immune system diseases. Healthcare workers and students studying in any health related department were excluded from the study. Participants were asked 14 questions about their level of knowledge regarding immune system disorders, organs and tissues, and their perspective of vaccine therapy. Results: Of the participants, 75% had never heard of the term “immunology”, 22.2% thought that immune system diseases have no treatment, and 77% knew that the commonly used vaccine therapy is intended to stimulate the immune system. Conclusion: Although immunology and vaccine therapies are fields of medicine with increasing importance, society’s level of knowledge regarding these subjects is quite low. Social awareness for these subjects must be increased with trainings to be given at schools by Ministry of Health and foundations.

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Applying High-Resolution Visible Imagery to Satellite Melt Pond Fraction Retrieval: A Neural Network Approach

During summer, melt ponds have a significant influence on Arctic sea-ice albedo. The melt pond fraction (MPF) also has the ability to forecast the Arctic sea-ice in a certain period. It is important to retrieve accurate melt pond fraction (MPF) from satellite data for Arctic research. This paper proposes a satellite MPF retrieval model based on the multi-layer neural network, named MPF-NN. Our model uses multi-spectral satellite data as model input and MPF information from multi-site and multi-period visible imagery as prior knowledge for modeling. It can effectively model melt ponds evolution of different regions and periods over the Arctic. Evaluation results show that the MPF retrieved from MODIS data using the proposed model has an RMSE of 3.91% and a correlation coefficient of 0.73. The seasonal distribution of MPF is also consistent with previous results.

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Business Groups and Tunneling: Evidence from Brand Royalty Flows within Chaebol

This paper investigates the intragroup flows of brand royalties within large Korean business groups. We find that business group member firms pay a greater amount of brand royalties when the associated business groups adopt a holding company governance structure, consistent with the public allegation that chaebols tunnel wealth from member firms to holding companies that they directly control. However, member firms pay a smaller amount of brand royalties when their related party transactions (RPTs) are monitored, for example, when the firm is on (i) the watch list of an external watchdog agency for controlling shareholders’ unfair profit reaping from RPTs or when its board of directors internally operates (ii) a designated committee on RPTs or (iii) an audit committee. The results suggest that the alleged tunneling behavior of large business groups can be mitigated by external or internal monitoring on RPTs.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Driving errors, estimated performance and individual characteristics under simulated and real road traffic conditions – A validation study

The suitability of driving simulators for the prediction of driving behaviour in road traffic has been able to be confirmed in respect of individual assessment parameters. However, there is a need for overarching approaches that take into account the interaction between various influencing factors in order to establish proof of validity. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of our driving simulator in respect of its ability to predict driving behaviour based on participants' observed driving errors and driver's individual characteristics. 41 healthy participants were assessed both in a Smart-Realo-Simulator and on the road. By means of linear modelling, the correlation between observed driving errors was investigated. In addition, the influence of self-reported and externally assessed driving behaviour as well as individual parameters (education and training; driving history) were analysed. By including these factors, 58% of the variance could be explained. For observed driving errors, a relative validity was established. For self-reported and externally assessed driving behaviour, an absolute to relative validity emerged. The amount of time spent in education and training proved to have a significant influence on driving performance in the simulator, but not on the road. In general, our results confirmed the validity of our driving simulator with regard to observed and self-reported driving behaviour. It emerged that education and training as potential indicators of cognitive resources played a differential role regarding the study conditions. Since real road driving is considerably automated in experienced drivers, this result suggests that simulation-related behavioural regulation is challenged by additional cognitive demands as opposed to behavioural regulation extending to real road driving. However, the source of these additional cognitive demands remains currently elusive and may form the subject of future research.

Topic: Traffic and Road Safety
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thysanoplusia

* Thysanoplusia (s.l.) distalagma (Hampson, 1913) (Fig. 19) Material examined. Bako Gazer woreda, Jinka. 1400m. VIII.2011. Leg. Kravchenko V. Literature. Hampson 1913. General distribution pattern. The species is known from the eastern part of equatorial Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) and South Africa. Distribution in Ethiopia. Southern Ethiopia (Omo region). Rare.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dominique Collon. First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. 208 pages, 968 <i>illustrations</i>. 1987. London: British Museum Publications; ISBN 0-7141-1121-X <i>hardback</i> £25.

Dominique Collon. First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. 208 pages, 968 illustrations. 1987. London: British Museum Publications; ISBN 0-7141-1121-X hardback £25. - Volume 62 Issue 235

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
PO-MU-MA Emergency food bar: nutritional, microbial, sensorial, and cost analysis

In 2015, 62.6 million women and children received food assistance in emergencies. However, they are usually provided with foods containing sufficient energy rather than a balanced diet. A nutrient-dense emergency food bar (PO-MU-MA) was made from local ingredients: potato (Solanum t.), mung bean (Vigna radiata l.), and malunggay (Moringa o.) to optimize local foods and aimed to evaluate its sensorial acceptability, nutrient content, microbial load, moisture content, and cost analysis. An experimental design was used for the three (3) formulations with 25D consisting of 18g of potato and mung bean flour, 5.15 g of malunggay-infused water, and other ingredients. 99Z and Q2Y have the same ingredients but with potato flour and mung bean flour in different ratios, namely, 27g potato flour and 9g mung bean flour for 99Z and 9g potato flour and 27g mung bean flour in Q2Y. For appearance (color) and aroma, 99Z is the most acceptable. The acceptability in terms of taste is the same. For texture, Q2Y was chosen, as well as for overall acceptability. Nutrient analysis of the most acceptable product formulation showed an energy content of 461 kcal per 100g, sufficient to provide 22% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for energy. The carbohydrate content per 100g is 56.25g, protein is 8.30g, and fat is 22.6g. For microbial load, yeast and mold are low (40 CFU/g), while E. coli and Salmonella are both negative, making the product safe for consumption. Furthermore, the food bar has a low moisture content (11%). For product costing, it shows that 100g of the product costs PHP 28.36. Generally, the PO-MU-MA Emergency Food Bar is recommended for food and nutrition needs in emergencies.

Topic: Food Safety and Hygiene
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Metabolic Profiling of Terpene Diversity and the Response of Prenylsynthase-Terpene Synthase Genes during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum

Dendrobium catenatum is a widely cultivated Chinese orchid herb rich in abundant secondary metabolites, such as terpenes. However, terpene distribution and characterization of terpene biosynthesis-related genes remain unknown in D. catenatum. In this study, metabolic profiling was performed to analyze terpene distribution in the root, stem, leaf, and flower of D. catenatum. A total of 74 terpene compounds were identified and classified. Clustering analysis revealed that terpene compounds exhibited a tissue-specific accumulation, including monoterpenes in the flowers, sesquiterpenes in the stems, and triterpenes in the roots. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ‘terpenoid backbone biosynthesis’ pathway was only significantly enriched in root vs. flower. The expression of terpene biosynthesis-related genes was spatiotemporal in the flowers. Prenylsynthase-terpene synthases (PS-TPSs) are the largest and core enzymes for generating terpene diversity. By systematic sequence analysis of six species, 318 PS-TPSs were classified into 10 groups and 51 DcaPS-TPSs were found in eight of them. Eighteen DcaPS-TPSs were regulated by circadian rhythm under drought stress. Most of the DcaPS-TPSs were influenced by cold stress and fungi infection. The cis-element of the majority of the DcaPS-TPS promoters was related to abiotic stress and plant development. Methyl jasmonate levels were significantly associated with DcaTPSs expression and terpene biosynthesis. These results provide insight into further functional investigation of DcaPS-TPSs and the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in Dendrobium.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE IMPERATIVE FOR TOURISTS/HOST COMMUNITIES SECURITY

One of the obvious developmental challenges in African countries is poverty, made worse by the enormity of human and natural resources that should ordinarily be antithetical to poverty. One way of addressing this challenge is economic diversification from the traditional agricultural or oil mono-economy to such new areas as tourism. In this paper, we examine the benefits of tourism to local economy and conclude on its potentials in transforming the rural poor’s life. Arising from this benefit is the security challenge which is often least discussed even among researchers on tourism. This paper identifies the physical security of the tourists and the psychological security of the host communities crucial for sustainable tourism development in Africa. It is concluded that sustainable tourism development is visible and possible if a mechanism exists that guarantees the security either way.

Topic: African Education and Politics
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Al-Istiqama University,2022/2023 post-utme/Direct-entry Application/Transfer Admission Out✓ ☎ (07066280862 Prof MRS Judith 07066280862 ] TO APPLY CHANGE OF INSTITUTION/CHANGE OF COURSE FORM 07066280862 Registration Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level). The Sale Of Pgd Form,MasterForm,Ph.D Form And Mphil Form Is Currently On Sales Call {07066280862}…

Al-Istiqama University,2022/2023 post-utme/Direct-entry Application/Transfer Admission Out✓ ☎️ (07066280862 Prof MRS Judith 07066280862 ] TO APPLY CHANGE OF INSTITUTION/CHANGE OF COURSE FORM 07066280862 Registration Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level). The Sale Of Pgd Form,MasterForm,Ph.D Form And Mphil Form Is Currently On Sales Call {07066280862}&amp;hellip;

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Aristotle and Inner Awareness

Recent debates on phenomenal consciousness have focused on the idea that conscious experience includes an experience of the self, whatever else it may present the self with. When a subject has an experience as of a pink cube, she is not just aware of the world as being presented in a certain way (a pinkish, cubic way in this case); she is also aware of the fact that it is presented to her . According to Victor Caston, Aristotle defended an interesting version of this view in De Anima , later developed in different directions by many other philosophers – outside current research in the Analytic tradition, particularly in Phenomenology and the Heidelberg school. My goal in this paper is to locate Aristotle’s views, as interpreted by Caston, in the context of the current debate, and to offer some considerations in favor of a view like Aristotle’s, also following Caston.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis (membranous croup)

Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis (membranous croup), not previously described as a distinct entity, is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi with adherent or semiadherent mucopurulent membranes in the subglottic trachea (conus elasticus) and in the upper trachea distal to the conus elasticus. We reviewed 28 cases of membranous croup diagnosed by endoscopy and/or radiographic examination. The importance of the recognition of membranous croup as a distinct entity is discussed. The characteristic radiologic findings consist of subglottic tracheal narrowing, irregularity of contour of the proximal tracheal mucosa, and sometimes detached or partially detached proximal tracheal membranes, which can be mistaken for tracheal foreign bodies.

Topic: Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and erdosteine on activities of purine-catabolizing enzymes and level of nitric oxide in red blood cells of isoniazid-administered rats*

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in the pathogenesis of isoniazid (INH)-induced oxidative damage in red blood cells (RBCs), and also to show the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and erdosteine, antioxidants, in decreasing this toxicity. A total of 25 adult male rats were divided into four experimental groups as follows: control group ( n = 7), INH-treated group ( n = 6), INH + CAPE–treated group ( n = 6), and INH + erdosteine–treated group ( n = 6). INH, INH-CAPE, and INH-erdosteine–treated groups were treated orally with INH 50 mg/kg daily and with the tap water for 15 days. Control group was given only tap water. CAPE was intraperitoneally injected for 15 days at a dose of 10 μmol/kg. Erdosteine was treated orally for 15 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The injection of INH led to a significant increase in the activities of ADA, XO, and NO levels in RBCs of rats. Co-treatment with CAPE caused a significant decrease in the activities of ADA and XO and the levels of NO in RBCs. In addition, co-treatment with erdosteine caused a significant decrease in the activities of ADA and XO and the levels of NO in RBCs. The results of this study showed that ADA, XO, and NO may play an important role in the pathogenesis of INH-induced oxidative stress in RBCs. CAPE and erdosteine may have protective potential in this process and they may become a promising drug in the prevention of this undesired side effect of INH.

Topic: Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Ethical, Legal, and Financial Considerations of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery

Machine learning systems have become integrated into some of the most vital decision-making aspects of humanity, including hiring decisions, loan applications, and automobile safety, to name just a few. As applications increase in both gravity and complexity, the data quality and algorithmic interpretability of the systems must rise to meet those challenges. This is especially vital for navigating the nuances of health care, particularly among the high stakes of surgical operations. In addition to inherent ethical challenges of enabling a “black box” system to influence decision-making in patient care, the creation of biased datasets leads to biased algorithms with the power to perpetuate discrimination and reinforce disparities. Transparency and responsibility are paramount to the implementation of artificial intelligence in surgical decision-making and autonomous robotic surgery. Machine learning has been permeating health care across diverse clinical and surgical contexts but continues to face sizable obstacles, including apprehension from patients and providers alike. To integrate the technology fully while upholding standard of care and patient-provider trust, one must acknowledge and address the ethical, financial, and legal implications of using artificial intelligence for patient care.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences