jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Static compensation systems for improving electric power quality

Summary form only given. The supply of electrical energy to loads in industrial plants has some undesirable repercussions on the supply network. Depending upon the type of load and its mode of operation, the reactions are usually a reduction in the power factor, system voltage fluctuations, voltage flicker, unbalanced loading of the three phases and harmonic currents, which in turn affect negatively the electric power quality. The subject of this paper is to study and analyze the main reasons for such undesirable reactions and to find the compensation system required for each reaction to reduce its effect to an acceptable level, such as either switched capacitor banks or high response thyristor controlled reactors. To improve the electric power quality, these systems may be augmented by adding filters for eliminating discrete harmonics or harmonic bands.

Topic: Power Quality and Harmonics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of the functional head impulse test in evaluating vestibulo‐ocular reflex abnormalities in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Abstract Purpose To assess vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a new method called functional head impulse test (fHIT). Study Design Case–control study. Setting Tertiary medical center. Participants Twenty individuals with PD were recruited for PD group, and twenty healthy individuals for the control group. Ages of both groups ranged from 47 to 76 years. Main Outcome Measures According to the modified Hoehn‐Yahr score, PD group was classified as an early stage with a range of 1–2.5 and a mid‐late stage with a range of 3–5. Percentage of correct answers (%CA) was calculated using fHIT for lateral, anterior and posterior semicircular canal (SCC) planes. Results PD group had statistically lower fHIT %CA in the right lateral, left lateral, and left posterior SCC planes compared to control group ( p &lt; .05). There was no statistical difference between two PD severity groups and functional VOR abnormality. Conclusion It was concluded that the functional VOR in the right lateral and left lateral and left posterior SCC plane was affected in individuals with PD. Our results show that impaired VOR and reduced dynamic visual acuity should be considered in individuals with PD for vestibular rehabilitation exercises.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficiency and recovery index of silicon of a diatomaceous Earth-based fertilizer in two soil types grown with sugarcane and maize

Silicon (Si) plays an important role in crop yields and is known as a beneficial element for gramineous plants. Si sources used as fertilizers in Brazil are mainly industrial by-products and naturally occurring silica-rich minerals, such as calcium silicates. There is still relatively little information about Si fertilization in the country, especially in the potential of diatomaceous Earth (DE) as a Si fertilizer compared to other widely used sources. In this context, we aimed at assessing the efficiency of a DE-based fertilizer as Si supplier to plants of sugarcane and maize grown on two soil types. We used a calcium silicate source widely used in Brazil for comparison as a positive control. Results showed that the DE fertilizer application provided linear increase in the biomass of sugarcane and maize in the tested soils. The improvement in crop biomass correlated well with the Si accumulation in the shoots of the plants. Besides, DE fertilizer improved crop performance by increased N, P, K, and S concentrations in plants. When compared to the calcium silicate source, the DE fertilizer provided the same Si supplying potential for the tested plants and higher relative biomass yield.

Topic: Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improving potassium use efficiency of sugarcane through the use of polyhalite

Abstract Background Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) is an important crop in the production of food and energy in tropical and subtropical regions. To provide plants with what they need, highly concentrated fertilizers are often deployed which can result in imbalances in plant nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of polyhalite (K 2 Ca 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 4 ·2H 2 O) as an alternative source of multinutrients for sugarcane compared to single sources of K, Ca, Mg and S. Methods A glasshouse experiment was carried out on a low-K Entisol from the sugarcane cultivar CV7870. A completely randomized design was used with different K fertilizer management strategies as follows: four K dosages (0, 21, 42 and 63 mg dm −3 ) associated to distinct sources, namely: polyhalite (PHY); potassium chloride (KCl); potassium chloride+polyhalite in a 1:1 ratio (½KP), and potassium chloride combined with phosphogypsum and kieserite balancing Ca, Mg and S dosages as supplied by pure polyhalite (KGK). Two growth cycles in 6 dm 3 soil pots were evaluated: cane plant harvested at 131 days after transplanting, and ratoon harvested at 253 days after transplanting for the determination of dry matter production. Immediately before harvesting in both cycles, leaf nutrient content (K, Ca, S and Cl) was determined using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Results In general, shoot dry matter and nutrient uptake were higher with the highest K dosage applied and K sources containing Ca and S in the formulation PHY; ½KP; and KGK, for both growth cycles. However, when these sources were provided at the lowest dosage, high agronomic efficiency was observed in all nutrients assessed. Consequently, the cultivar CV7870 was responsive to K application. However, increments in the K dosage resulted in low agronomic efficiency. Conclusions This study indicates that PHY is an effective fertilizer for sugarcane farmers seeking to improve nutrient uptake in a low-K Entisol for both cane plant and ratoon. A mix of PHY and KCl is a potential multi-nutrient fertilizer for managing sugarcane production.

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Masseter muscle cross‐sectional area and late implant failure: A case–control study

Abstract Introduction Occlusal overload is considered to be one of the causes of late implant failure. However, it is unclear whether the magnitude of the patient's occlusal force is a risk factor for late implant failure. Purpose This case–control study aimed to clarify the association between the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the masseter muscle and late implant failure. Methods This case–control study was limited to implant‐supported fixed prostheses. We compared cases with at least one late implant failure ( n = 25 patients) to controls ( n = 82 patients) without implant failure. Patients were matched by age, sex, year of surgery, jaw and tooth type, and bone graft. Log‐rank and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to identify possible risk factors for late implant failure. Results The incidence of late implant failure was significantly associated with masseter muscle CSA ≥504.5 mm 2 (hazard ratio: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.82–10.79; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Higher masseter muscle CSA increases the risk of late implant failure.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and Construction of Monomode and Multimode Microwave Filters with Dielectric Resonator

Several Xand Ku-bandfilters using dielectric resonators in microstrip-line circuit configuration have been designed and measured obtaining good results. A monomodefilter in the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> centered in 11,6 GHzwith a 150 MHzband has been realized. Then, a theory for multimode design is presented, obtaining a mode-chart that allows theoretical prediction and approximate filter design. A second three-pole Chebyshev filter using TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21δ</sub> modes was constructed obtaining 240 MHz bandwith. Finally, a third four-pole filter has been designed and measured, obtaining a 500 MHz bandwith centered in 12,25 GHz.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Building Virtual Human Populations: Assessing the Propagation of Genetic Variability in Drug Metabolism to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction ADME and Pharmacokinetics in Drug Development Sources of Interindividual Variability in ADME Modeling and Simulation of ADME in Virtual Human Population The Use of Virtual Human Populations for Simulating ADME Conclusions Acknowledgment References

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Accessible Web Page Design for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study

Section 508 of the Rehabilitations Act of 1973 states that federal agencies are required to maintain accessible web-based information for persons with disabilities, namely, visual impairments. Studies spanning over 1 decade conducted by The American Foundation for the Blind and Towson University’s Universal Usability Lab investigated federal home pages for Section 508 violations. Both studies concluded that numerous university, corporate, federal, and federal contractor websites are largely inaccessible to people with disabilities—specifically in terms of clarity, consistency, and fidelity to standards. Due to inconsistencies across federal agencies, constant website updates, and webmaster turnaround, there is a need for practical guidelines for web page design compliant with Section 508, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, with particular focus on the visually impaired.

Topic: Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2017. An Analysis of FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules

This is an analysis from a chemical point of view of the 46 drugs (34 New Chemical Entities and 12 Biologics) approved by the FDA during 2017. The drugs included in the 2017 “harvest” have been classified on the basis of their chemical structure: biologics (antibodies and proteins); peptides; amino acids and natural products; drug combinations; and small molecules.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Endothelin-1 Induced Phosphorylation of Caveolin-1 and Smad2C in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of NADPH Oxidases, c-Abl, and Caveolae Integrity in TGF-β Receptor Transactivation.

Caveolin-1(Cav-1) is one of the most important components of caveolae in the cell membrane, which plays an important role in cell signaling transduction, such as EGFR and TGF-β receptor transactivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of c-Abl and NAD(P)H oxidases (NOX) on phosphorylation of Cav-1 and consequently their effect on phosphorylation of Smad2C induced by Endothelin-1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, all experiments were performed using human VSMCs. The phosphorylation level of the Caveolin-1 and Smad2C proteins were assessed by western blotting using Phospho-Caveolin-1 (Tyr14) antibody and phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467) antibody. The data were reported as mean ± SEM. The VSMCs treated with endothelin-1(ET-1) (100 nanomolar (nmol)) demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the pCav-1 level (p<0.05). The inhibitors of NOX (diphenyleneiodonium) (p<0.05), cholesterol depleting agent (beta-cyclodextrin) (p<0.05) and c-Abl inhibitor (PP1) (p<0.01) were able to reduce the level of the phospho-Cav-1 and phospho-Smad2C induced by Et-1 (p<0.05). Our results proposed that caveolae structure, NOX, c-Abl played an important role in the phosphorylation of Cav-1 induced by ET-1 in the human VSMCs. Furthermore, our findings showed that phosphoCav-1 involved in TGFR transactivation. Thus, Et-1 via a transactivation-dependent mechanism can cause phosphorylation of Smad2C.

Topic: Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Postprostatectomy seizures: A case report

Abstract A 75‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with generalized seizures half‐hour post‐transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. The intra‐operative course was complicated by perforation of the posterior wall of the bladder neck during a difficult Foley catheter placement. This resulted in intraperitoneal extravasation of the glycine containing bladder irrigation fluid. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and 3.5–4 L of fluid was drained from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative course was complicated by two seizures within a short interval. Patient developed profound hyponatremia ( Na of 109 mEq/ L ). However, measured serum osmolality was normal (283 mOsm/kg). The serum osmolality remained relatively stable, indicating that the absorbed glycine and its metabolites remained osmotically active in the intravascular space (until they were dialyzed as mentioned later), making the hyponatremia less pernicious and an unlikely cause of patient's symptoms. The encephalopathy and seizures were ascribed to accumulation of toxic metabolites of glycine, especially ammonia (serum level –1261 mcmol/ L ). During a complicated postoperative period, patient developed oligo‐anuric renal failure, and was started on slow low‐efficiency dialysis for 8 hours resulting in rapid lowering of serum ammonia levels and glycine with reversal of encephalopathy including seizures. There was no recurrence of encephalopathy, seizures, or metabolic acidosis. Although rare, glycine toxicity may be life threatening. The pathophysiology, need for early detection and the role of early use of renal replacement therapy in acute glycine toxicity is discussed below.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is That Me?—Embodiment and Body Perception with an Augmented Reality Mirror

Virtual reality has been used intensively to study embodiment and body perception, in particular for research purposes in psychological domains. Virtual avatars are used to resemble users' appearance and to implement interactively simulated behaviour. To make this a realistic and believable experience users should feel embodiment, i.e. ownership, agency, and self-location/presence. State-of-the-art capture and display technologies allow for extending virtual reality embodiment to the realm of augmented reality for higher efficacy-instead of seeing a virtual reality body one would see a captured, 3D representation of their own body naturally controlled by their real body movements within the context of the present real environment. However, it is unclear whether users would experience embodiment with their augmented reality avatar and whether findings from virtual reality targeting body perception can be replicated. Here we present an augmented reality system comprising a 3D point cloud capturing system (Microsoft Kinect) and an optical see-through head-mounted display (Microsoft HoloLens), both connected to a purpose-developed application displaying a user's body in a virtual 3D mirror embedded into the real environment. In a study with 24 participants, we evaluated embodiment and body weight perception as a proof of concept. This is based on a similar study conducted in Virtual Reality. Our findings show that users experience ownership and agency with the mirrored body and that body weight perception in virtual and augmented reality systems is similar.

Topic: Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Progress, Idea of

The idea of progress, commonly considered one of the most influential and multifaceted ideas in the philosophy of history, holds that material, political, social, intellectual, and moral conditions have continually and by necessity improved throughout human history and that such an improvement will continue in the foreseeable future. Since the Enlightenment the idea of progress and the controversies concerning its validity and ideological connotations have played a crucial role in modern social science discourse. The idea has been employed not only as a powerful conceptual framework to explain social change and the emergence of a new type of society, but also as a means to legitimate the entire endeavor of social science itself. By discovering the mechanism of societal progress and by identifying possible obstacles to progress, social scientists have claimed an authoritative role for themselves in the management of society's affairs. This sociocratic promise, encapsulated in the Comtean positivistic formula savoir pour prévoir, prévoir pour pouvoir , has drawn and continues to draw its strength from the fact that knowledge of nature's laws has been accompanied by an increased control over nature.

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Variables, Control

Control variables are variables included in multivariate analyses to identify spurious associations. In assessing whether X is associated with Y , it is important to examine whether the covariation between them persists after the effects of other variables on this association are removed (McClendon 2002). Here, “control” means to hold constant. A variable is controlled when its influence on the other variables in the model is held constant.

Topic: Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clinical Vocabulary and Clinical Finding Concepts in Medical Literature

Clinical decision support systems necessitate a disease knowledge base, which comprises a set of clinical findings for each disease. To efficiently represent the findings, this paper explores the relationship between clinical vocabulary and findings in medical literature through quantitative and qualitative analysis of representative disease databases. Although the data volume and the analyzed features are limited, the observations suggested the following. First, there are sets of clinical findings that are essential for physicians, but the majority of findings in medical literature are not the essential ones. Second, deviation of term frequency for clinical findings vocabulary is minimal, and clinical findings require appropriate grammar for efficient representation of findings. Third, appropriate mapping of clinical findings with clinical vocabulary would allow the efficient expression of clinical findings. 1

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Solar Tubular Reformer With Molten-Salt Thermal Storage: Design Modification of the Reactor Tube and Testing

For thermal storage in solar tubular reformers, high-temperature composite materials with alkali carbonate and magnesia have been examined. The new concept of “double-walled reactor tube” was previously proposed to use in solar tubular reformers, which involves storing the molten-salt/ceramic composite material in the annular regions between an internal catalyst tube and the exterior solar absorber wall. The shape and structure of the reactor tube can be modified to match with design of a solar tubular reformer. In this paper, the interior structure of the reactor tube has been modified for use in cavity-type reformers using straight reactor tubes. The Na2CO3, K2CO3 and Li2CO3 composite materials with magnesia were prepared, and tested on heat-discharge mode performances for CO2 reforming of methane in the modified reactor tube of a laboratory scale.

Topic: Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization and performance evaluation of CMOS photodetectors implemented in optoelectronic circuits

The ability to produce a high performance monolithic CMOS photodetector could enable greater use of optics in short-distance communication systems and photonic information processing systems. The quest for a photodetector compatible with a high-volume high-yield CMOS process has yet to produce a clear winner, and has proven quite challenging. We present in this paper several different photodetector structures implemented with a conventional CMOS fabrication process that can be incorporated into optical data links and information processing systems. As a result, it combines the parallelism associated with optics and the data processing capabilities associated with CMOS logic.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning Docker

Optimize the power of Docker to run your applications quickly and easily About This BookLearn to compose, use, and publish the Docker containersLeverage the features of Docker to deploy your existing applicationsExplore real world examples of securing and managing Docker containersWho This Book Is For If you are an application developer who wants to learn Docker in order to utilize its features for application deployment, then this book is for you. No prior knowledge of Docker is required.What You Will Learn Build a Docker image using Dockerfiles Push and publish images on Docker Hub Run your own private Docker Hub and upload images onto it Create and run services inside a container to deploy your applications with ease Share data between the Docker host and containers Orchestrate multiple containers with Docker Compose Test and debug applications inside a Docker container Secure your Docker containers with SELinux In DetailDocker is a next-generation platform for simplifying application containerization life-cycle. Docker allows you to create a robust and resilient environment in which you can generate portable, composable, scalable, and stable application containers.This book is a step-by-step guide that will walk you through the various features of Docker from Docker software installation to the impenetrable security of containers. The book starts off by elucidating the installation procedure for Docker and a few troubleshooting techniques. You will be introduced to the process of downloading Docker images and running them as containers. You'll learn how to run containers as a service (CaaS) and also discover how to share data among containers. Later on, you'll explore how to establish the link between containers and orchestrate containers using Docker Compose. You will also come across relevant details about application testing inside a container. You will discover how to debug a container using the docker exec command and the nsenter tool. Finally, you will learn how to secure your containers with SELinux and other proven methods.

Topic: Software System Performance and Reliability
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences