jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
When Do Phylogenetic Mixture Models Mimic Other Phylogenetic Models?

Phylogenetic mixture models, in which the sites in sequences undergo different substitution processes along the same or different trees, allow the description of heterogeneous evolutionary processes. As data sets consisting of longer sequences become available, it is important to understand such models, for both theoretical insights and use in statistical analyses. Some recent articles have highlighted disturbing "mimicking" behavior in which a distribution from a mixture model is identical to one arising on a different tree or trees. Other works have indicated such problems are unlikely to occur in practice, as they require very special parameter choices. After surveying some of these works on mixture models, we give several new results. In general, if the number of components in a generating mixture is not too large and we disallow zero or infinite branch lengths, then it cannot mimic the behavior of a non-mixture on a different tree. On the other hand, if the mixture model is locally over-parameterized, it is possible for a phylogenetic mixture model to mimic distributions of another tree model. Though theoretical questions remain, these sorts of results can serve as a guide to when the use of mixture models in either ML or Bayesian frameworks is likely to lead to statistically consistent inference, and when mimicking due to heterogeneity should be considered a realistic possibility.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determinants of foreign direct investment in Malaysia:what matter most?

This paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment in Malaysia for the period 1970-2008. The causality and dynamic relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and its key determinants is identified using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. The result suggests that among the variables, financial development and economic growth contribute positively to the inflow of foreign direct investment in Malaysia. The establishment of more financial intermediaries with a modern and sophisticated technology in the banking system creates a favorable environment to the foreign investors. The evidence provides strong policy recommendation on sustaining high growth and financial deepening in Malaysia.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Topological Equivalence of VSI and CSI Commutation Cells and Its Application to Switching Resonance Analysis and Damper Design

This paper proposes the concept of the topological equivalence between the commutation cells of a voltage source inverter (VSI) and a current source inverter (CSI) using duality and equivalent circuit transformation techniques. A switching resonance of CSI is analyzed and an effective three-phase RC damper is derived from the dc-link RC damper of VSIs based on the topological equivalence of the VSI and CSI commutation cells. Furthermore, a new three-phase RC damper design framework utilizing the topological equivalence is proposed. Here, experimental results verify that the proposed three-phase RC damper design for CSI significantly reduces the switching resonance and improves the CSI’s output waveform total harmonics distortions (THDs).

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Introduction to Teletext and Viewdata with Comments on Compatibility

This paper is written in two parts. Part I is intended to be an introduction to teletext and viewdata for readers, with limited exposure to these topics. Part I also serves as an introduction to the Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics devoted to Consumer Text Display Systems.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Health Related Quality of Life in Children with Osteoporosis: Utility of the DOCC scale and the PODCI

ii Purpose Clinical care providers today are more aware and have a better understanding of how osteoporosis affects a child’s quality of life and their ability to function. Fractures result in pain and suffering for children with this chronic illness and there is often a further reduction in mobility, independence, hospitalization, time out of school, and considerable stress upon the family (Caulton, Ward, Alsop, Dunn, Adams, &amp;amp; Mughal, 2004). No published data could be found on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) for children who have been diagnosed or are receiving treatment for osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to report on the HRQoL of children with osteoporosis using two validated questionnaires. Methods An exploratory cohort study was conducted with a small convenience sample of 31 children with secondary osteoporosis receiving medical care from the Children’s

Topic: Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
KATA FATIS PENANDA KETIDAKSANTUNAN PRAGMATIK DALAM RANAH KELUARGA

One of the pragmatic markers, which shows language impoliteness, is classified in phatic category. This research aims to analyze the phatic discourse particles serving as pragmatic markers of impoliteness. Therefore, the data in this research are the utterances containing phatic discourse markers showing linguistic impoliteness taken from the family of farmers, traders, fishermen, teachers, and noblemen. The data were gathered by employing the listening and speaking methods. The data gathering techniques are the recording and transcribing. The data are classified and analyzed using contextual method. This research indicates that there are 11 categories of phatic discourse markers showing pragmatic impoliteness. They are phatic markers of “kok”, “ah”, “hayo”, “mbok”, “lha”, “tak”, “huu”, “iih”, “woo”, “hei”, and “halah”. Every phatic category conveys a specific intention which is different from other phatic discourse markers.

Topic: Linguistics and Language Analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical simulation of heat transfer between low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system and low temperature environment

The physical model of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system is established.Based on the software of FLUENT, the numerical simulation of heat transfer between low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system and low temperature environment was carried out through solving the continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation.And the method of determining the maximum length of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment was confirmed.The simulation results show that:(1) the water temperature decreases along the axial direction with the increase of axial distance at different radial distances, and their descent rates are identical; (2) At different axial distances, the temperature of the material, namely water or pipeline changes along the radial direction the same; for an axial distance, when the radial distance is less than 8mm, the water temperature decreases extremely slow or remains unchanged along the radial direction on the major front of this section; and it decreases by small degrees when the radial distance is close to the wall; and the temperature of pipeline decreases rapidly along the radial direction; (3) The axial temperature drop velocity of water flow in low pressure pipeline are the same at different lengths of low pressure pipeline.It decreases with the increase of ambient temperature and the flux of water flow in low pressure pipeline; and it is almost identical when the entrance temperatures of water flow change little.(4) when the flux of water flow is 12L/min, the entrance temperature is 278.15K, the ambient temperature is 263.15K,253.15K, 243.15K, 232.15K respectively, the maximum length of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment is more than 500m, 368.5m, 252m, 187m respectively.This can provide a reference for engineering design of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment.

Topic: Erosion and Abrasive Machining
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leadership, curriculum, instruction, and accountability scores : evidence from Kentucky scholastic audits.

High-stakes accountability, standards for improvement, global perspectives, and social considerations are re-defining the educational process. These powerful forces shake foundations and traditions, restructure organizational expectations, and change the role of all stakeholders. As these tremors reach the local school level, tremendous pressure is applied to respond precipitously. Measurement of school performance against standards places deficiencies in the limelight. At the local level, Kentucky school principals bear the primary burden for school success as clearly defined by the state's accountability system. Based on Kentucky's Standards and Indicators for School Improvement and its accompanying Scholastic Audit procedures, an explicit purpose of this study is to identify critical factors relevant to principals and their impact on accountability goals through leadership, curriculum decisions, and instructional practice within their buildings. Data from 181 audited elementary schools are compared to Academic Index scores to determine the effect of principals on student outcomes, both directly and indirectly as mediated by curriculum and instruction. Kentucky's accountability process assigns high stakes responsibility to school leadership, particularly in the area of instructional leadership. Most researchers agree that principal effects on student achievement are primarily a mediated effect. In the study model, Instruction accounts for 36% of the vi variance in Academic Index. Leadership in turn explains 36% of the variance in Instruction. Curriculum produced little of the Academic Index variance and Leadership accounts for only a small amount of achievement variance directly. The study quantifies achievement effects of elementary principals, exposes the reality of leadership in a high-stakes accountability environment, and discusses gaps in the support needed by school leaders to achieve accountability goals. Results are embedded in demographic variables and reveal new insights for improving struggling schools. Regression analyses reveal relationships and the extent to which variability of school achievement results is explained by Kentucky Standards--Curriculum, Instruction, and Leadership. Findings reveal important, research based, understanding of Kentucky's whole-school improvement model and details specific considerations for elementary school leadership. These analyses provide hope that Kentucky's most disadvantaged schools may finally have an improvement process that is equal to the challenge.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Do Athletes Imagine Being the Best, or Crossing the Finish Line First? A Mixed Methods Analysis of Construal Levels in Elite Athletes’ Spontaneous Imagery

The purpose of this article is to illustrate data transformation in a mixed methods research phenomenological study, investigating how athletes use concrete and abstract spontaneous imagery in and around competition. To achieve this, we combined the application of co-occurring codes and numerical transformation in a novel way. A thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 12 elite athletes identified concrete imagery to focus on strategy generation, error correction, technique, and preparation, and abstract imagery to focus on desirability, symbolic and verbal representations, and regulation of affect, arousal, and mastery. Statistical analysis identified that subjective effectiveness of imagery significantly differed for sport type (reactive/static) and competition times. Researchers wishing to apply statistical analyses to qualitative data are encouraged to employ our methodology.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Solriamfetol Titration &amp; AdministRaTion (START): Characteristics of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Prescriber Rationale for Starting Treatment with Solriamfetol

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can persist in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) despite primary airway therapy. Solriamfetol (Sunosi™) is a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved (EU and US) to treat EDS in adults with narcolepsy (75 – 150 mg/d) or OSA (37.5 – 150 mg/d). Solriamfetol has been examined in clinical trials, but real-world research is lacking. This study characterized patients with OSA starting solriamfetol, and prescriber rationales at treatment initiation.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel passive UHF RFID transponder with space division Anti-collision Algorithm

This paper presents a novel space division transponder anti-collision algorithm for RFID system, which has been implemented in a passive transponder. Working at 915 MHz carrier frequency with 4W effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) from a reader, the tags can be distinguished by their diverse distances to the reader if the distance difference is larger than 0.11 m with communication range from 1 m to 2.5 m. Compared with a space division method using a multi-antenna reader, our approach only needs simple modifications of the transponder and reader circuits, which leads to negligible increments of circuit area and power consumption. Furthermore the proposed anti-collision algorithm can be implemented with any other tag anti-collision algorithms to achieve higher identification speed.

Topic: Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding prolific self-harm in her majesty’s women’s estate prisons, in England

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline qualitative research into what influences, maintains and reduces prolific self-harm within women’s prisons across England. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who were identified as engaging in prolific self-harm. Thematic analysis was applied to two data sets, and analyses were combined to generate final themes. Findings Six overarching themes were identified which served to explain what influences the repetitive nature of prolific self-harm and also what helps to reduce it. The themes were reasons for self-harm, trauma, being in prison, support, other support and interventions: management and rehabilitative. Research limitations/implications Owing to the sensitive nature of the research a stringent exclusion criteria was applied which limited the data sample from the original pool. Variance in detail was observed from the interviewer transcripts. The data sample was not large enough to examine the influence of protected characteristics. Practical implications Responsivity in the support offered by staff is critical to a reduction in repetitive harm. A re-focus on staff training, plus support mechanisms for staff supporting people in women’s prisons who self-harm prolifically has been recommended. Originality/value This paper has focussed specifically on prolific self-harm within women’s prisons. This has not been an area that has been investigated separately to the general self-harm literature in prisons. This paper provides insight into factors which influence, maintain and reduce prolific-self harm in women residing in prison.

Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Learning as Participation in Social Practices: Interpreting student perspectives on learning

This article explores a small group of students' observations on their learning as they come to the end of an A-level Politics course. It draws on the insights of Vygotsky and other theorists influenced by him, such as Lave, Wenger, Rogoff and Engestro¨m, who have made important contributions to study of the social and participatory nature of learning, particularly, but not exclusively, in contexts outside the school environment. These ideas illuminate the 'communities of practice' found within educational institutions. The students' perspectives reveal perceptions about the learning process and provide a sense of what they have valued during this phase of their studies. Whilst education in formal environments may be criticised for the constraints on learning, classrooms may promote activity that encourages learners to identify their problems with existing knowledge, to question and speculate in ways that transform understanding. Collaborative practices have enabled students to enhance understanding of subject knowledge and to develop skills.

Topic: Innovative Education and Learning Practices
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Accurate and Efficient Explicit Approximations of the Colebrook Flow Friction Equation Based on the Wright ω-Function: Reply to Discussion

This reply gives two corrections of typographical errors in respect to the commented article, and then provides few comments in respect to the discussion and one improved version of the approximation of the Colebrook equation for flow friction, based on the Wright ω-function. Finally, this reply gives an exact explicit version of the Colebrook equation expressed through the Wright ω-function, which does not introduce any additional errors in respect to the original equation. All mentioned approximations are computationally efficient and also very accurate. Results are verified using more than 2 million of Quasi Monte-Carlo samples.

Topic: Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adolescent mental health in Japan and Russia: The role of body image, bullying victimisation and school environment

This study examined associations between self‐reported mental health problems, body image, bullying victimisation and school safety in large adolescent samples in Japan and Russia, considering the effects of gender, culture and their interactions. In both Japan and Russia, girls reported a greater number of mental health problems, less bullying victimisation and much higher body dissatisfaction than boys did. Japanese adolescents rated themselves higher on total difficulties, reported less body dissatisfaction and bullying victimisation, and rated their school safety lower than that of Russian youths. Cross‐cultural differences in total difficulties and body image were qualified by gender. Body dissatisfaction, bullying victimisation and school safety all independently contributed to adolescent mental health problems. The protective effect of school safety on total difficulties was larger for girls than for boys; the strength of the association between bullying victimisation and adolescent mental health problems differed across genders and cultures. The findings indicate a need for a cross‐cultural approach and provide a strong basis for targeted interventions that seek to improve adolescent mental health.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part <scp>II</scp>: syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas – Diagnostic algorithm and principles of therapy

Abstract Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas ( PPK s) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by persistent thickening of the epidermis at palmar and plantar surfaces. Clinical and genetic features of isolated and complex PPK s have been reviewed in part I of this 2‐part review. Here we focus on clinical and molecular classification of syndromic PPK s which are recognized by additional extracutaneous manifestations, in particular deafness, specific mucosal lesions, cardiomyopathy, inborn errors of metabolism, involvement of internal organs or disorders of sexual development. Other genetic diseases, which may show palmoplantar involvement, such as selected subtypes of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa, various hereditary ichthyoses and other keratinization disorders, several ectodermal dysplasias and some multisystem genetic disorders, are also briefly summarized. PPK diagnosis is based on inheritance pattern, age at onset, morphology, distribution and severity of hyperkeratosis, pattern of additional dermatological and systemic manifestations and laboratory findings. Molecular analysis is at present the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis in PPK forms due to mutations in known causative genes. No specific and curative therapy is currently available for PPK s which highly impair patients’ quality of life. Topical treatments are symptomatic and offer only temporary relief. Among systemic treatments, retinoids improve disease symptoms in the majority of patients.

Topic: Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<strong>Ascites-derived CDCP1+ extracellular vesicles subcluster as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer </strong>

The data in this project is based on detection of exosome proteins via proximity barcoding assays. we submitted 3 datasets, including basic quantification and quality control of each sample's data volume; the total protein expression of each sample; the protien combinations on single exosomes.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of drip irrigation system in kinnow cultivation of Punjab and their suggestions

The present study was undertaken to identify the constraints in adopting the drip irrigation system by collecting data from 100 farmers in four districts of Punjab which were selected purposively i.e. Bathinda, Fazilka, Hoshiarpur and Sri Muktsar Sahib/ Faridkot. Data were collected by following interview schedule approach. The constraints were grouped into four categories viz. economic, market related, technical and extension related constraints. Findings of the study revealed that major constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of drip irrigation system were: uncertainty of power supply, delay in sanction of loan/subsidy followed by lack of credit facilities to farmers, poor after sale services from drip irrigation firms, non-availability of skilled workers for repairing DIS when required, lack of adequate advice and guidance from extension workers and limited help from agricultural department. Facility of regular power supply, flexible and timely provision for loan/subsidy and credit facilities to farmers were suggested by them.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences