jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Purification and analysis of an antigen-specific suppressor factor from a T cell hybridoma specific for phenyltrimethylamino hapten.

Abstract The synthetic monovalent antigen L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltri-methylammonium (tyr (TMA)) induces in A/J mice, a cascade of regulatory T cells in the absence of any detectable effector function (e.g., CTL, delayed-type hypersensitivity, etc.). An important component of the activated T cells is a first order suppressor T cell or Ts1 that is Ly-1+2-, functions only at the afferent limb of the anti-TMA response, binds the TMA ligand and bears cross-reactive idiotypes associated with anti-TMA antibodies. This Ts1 produces a suppressor factor (TsF1) that binds the TMA ligand, bears the cross-reactive idiotypes and I-J determinants and functions to induce an idiotype-specific Ts2 population. To study the biochemistry of this TsF, use was made of T cell hybridomas that constitutively produce TMA-TsF1 (8A.1 and 8A.3). The TsF1 was purified from culture supernatant or cell extracts by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, reverse phase HPLC and either affinity chromatography or by preparative IEF. The TsF1 has an isoelectric point of 6.5 and a m.w. of 26,000 or 62,000 as analyzed by SDS-PAGE or high performance molecular sieve chromatography. Its precipitation in 30 to 40% (NH4)2SO4; elution pattern from reverse phase high performance columns; its capacity to bind to a mAb specific for L-glutamic acid 60L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT)-TsF1 strongly suggest that this protein belongs to the same family of proteins as do the GAT-TsF1 described previously. Most noteworthy is that although these TsF1 proteins show remarkable similarities, they are absolutely specific in their biologic activity; TMA-TsF1 will not suppress the response to GAT-BA-TNP and GAT-TsF1 will not suppress the response to TMA-BA-TNP. Thus the TMA-TsF1 represents a second example of a unique group of Ag-specific proteins whose function is to induce or activate other suppressor T cells in the primary immune response to Ag.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal FM Strategy for Commercial Office Buildings Using Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation

For owners of aged buildings, considerable attention needs to be devoted to efficient facility management (FM) to extend building life and achieve life-cycle cost savings. The fundamental step in this is to identify the level of FM performance. Few studies have focused on the quantitative investigation of FM performance, and there has been minimal research on the methodology required to arrive at the optimal strategy. The purpose of this study is to present a systematic algorithm that allows FM practitioners to evaluate their performance in an objective manner. In addition, the authors have formulated a FM performance evaluation index in conjunction with the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. The framework for this evaluation includes 12 critical success factors and 18 key performance indicators according to 4 balanced scorecard perspectives. A case study on a commercial office building was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methodology. The results reveal an optimal FM strategy for the building recommended using the novel algorithm, and its effectiveness is validated by FM experts. The proposed method will allow industry practitioners to quantitatively evaluate FM performance and make better decisions in selecting the optimal management strategy. Furthermore, the findings can advance the body of knowledge on building performance evaluation in view of quantitative metrics development.

Topic: Facilities and Workplace Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterisation and cross-amplification of sex-specific genetic markers in Australasian Egerniinae lizards and their implications for understanding the evolution of sex determination and social complexity

Sex is a pervasive factor that underpins functional phenotypic variation across a range of traits. Although sex can usually be distinguished morphologically, in some species this is not possible. The development of genetic markers for sex identification is, thus, key if we are to incorporate sex into an understanding of ecological or evolutionary process. Here we develop genetic markers for the identification of sex within an iconic Australian lizard group, the Egernia group, which is notable for its complex social behaviour. We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to characterise sex-specific genetic sequences for a key member of the group, Liopholis whitii, and designed primers for four of these putative sex-specific sequences. These primers amplified across some, but not all, species of the group. Our results provided several important insights. They suggest conservatism of a XX/XY sex determination system within the group as well as sex-specific genomic regions that appear independent of the conserved genomic regions identified in other skink species. More broadly, the development of sex markers for the Egernia group opens up a range of potential research questions related to the role that sex plays in the mediation of social behaviour and, through this, the emergence and stability of social life.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The accurate perception of anti-Black attitudes: a lens model approach

Introduction The purpose of this study was to observe how accurate Black and White perceivers were in detecting White targets' anti-Black attitudes, the non-verbal cues that were related to targets' anti-Black attitudes, and the cues that were related to perceivers' judgments of targets' anti-Black attitudes. Method White targets ( N = 61) engaged in an interracial interview and completed a self-report measure of anti-Black attitudes. We recruited Black perceivers ( N = 114) and White perceivers ( N = 108) through Prolific who watched 30 second, silent clips of targets and inferred each targets' anti-Black attitudes. Research assistants coded the clips for various non-verbal behaviors (e.g., smiling) and impressions (e.g., positivity, anger). Results Black and White perceivers were able to accurately (above chance) detect targets' anti-Black attitudes. Targets' anti-Black attitudes were significantly and positively related to coded target anger during the interracial interaction. Similarly, Black and White perceivers' judgments of targets' anti-Black attitudes were significantly and positively related to coded target anger. Several other non-verbal behaviors generally reflecting less positive feelings and impressions were also related to perceivers' judgments of higher anti-Black attitudes. Relationships between targets' self-reported attitudes and non-verbal cues, as well as the relationships between perceiver judgments of attitudes and non-verbal cues, were largely only significant when targets were interviewing with a Black woman and not a Black man. Lastly, Black and White perceivers were more accurate in detecting targets' anti-Black attitudes when the target was interviewing with a Black woman, compared to a Black man. Discussion Implications for identifying anti-Black attitudes in workplace settings are discussed.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis activates NF-kappa B and increases human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocytes and T lymphocytes

We have tested whether breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PC) initiated by exogenous addition of a PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) from Bacillus cereus or by endogenous overexpression of PC-PLC induces functional activation of NF-kappa B and increases human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer activity. PC-PLC-activated hydrolysis of PC was found to induce bona fide p50/p65 NF-kappa B binding activity in three different cell lines of human or murine origin. No significant changes in the turnover of other cellular phospholipids were detected in PC-PLC-treated cells. Induction of NF-kappa B by PC-PLC did not depend on de novo synthesis of proteins or autocrine secretion of either tumor necrosis factor or interleukin 1. In human monocytic and lymphoblastoid T-cell lines, induction of NF-kappa B by PC-PLC resulted in clear induction of luciferase expression vectors placed under the control of synthetic kappa B enhancers or wild type, but not kappa B-mutated, HIV long terminal repeat constructs. HIV replication was increased by PC-PLC in chronically infected monocytes and T lymphocytes. NF-kappa B activation promoted by addition of exogenous PC-PLC correlated with an intense production of diacylglycerol. However, addition of a phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC from B. cereus also induced diacylglycerol but did not activate kappa B enhancer-directed vectors. PC-PLC-induced NF-kappa B activation could not be blocked by a specific inhibitor of phorbol ester-inducible protein kinases C. These results indicate that a cellular transduction pathway, dependent on specific PC breakdown, is functional in T lymphocytes and monocytes and may be used by various transmembrane receptors to activate HIV transcription through NF-kappa B-dependent induction of the HIV enhancer.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>Uh</i>and<i>um</i>in children with autism spectrum disorders or language impairment

Atypical pragmatic language is often present in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), along with delays or deficits in structural language. This study investigated the use of the “fillers” uh and um by children ages 4–8 during the autism diagnostic observation schedule. Fillers reflect speakers' difficulties with planning and delivering speech, but they also serve communicative purposes, such as negotiating control of the floor or conveying uncertainty. We hypothesized that children with ASD would use different patterns of fillers compared to peers with typical development or with specific language impairment (SLI), reflecting differences in social ability and communicative intent. Regression analyses revealed that children in the ASD group were much less likely to use um than children in the other two groups. Filler use is an easy‐to‐quantify feature of behavior that, in concert with other observations, may help to distinguish ASD from SLI. Autism Res 2016, 9: 854–865 . © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The power of touch: from survival to enduring, prosocial cooperation

Cooperation is a pivotal biological phenomenon that occurs in many forms. In species that engage in helping, individuals vary in association time and the extent of physical proximity, influencing the extent of touching between individuals. Here, we emphasize the importance of touch in the development and maintenance of parenting and mate bonds, and its link to cooperation. Touch activates a feedback loop via social hormones that supports bonds in general. Notably, extended parenting is crucial for the emergence of enduring bonds and the development of the mindset that supports investments which result in delayed benefits. We integrate these ideas in the ‘caring-touch’ hypothesis, highlighting the role of touch and enduring bonds in the evolution of different forms of cooperation.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
AB0639 PREVALENCE OF MACE AMONG SAUDI WITH SLE

<h3>Background</h3> Cardiovascular diseases represent a major contributor to the increased mortality. Risk factors varies according to the subtypes of cardiovascular events and perhaps racial background. Little is known about the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in Saudi lupus Population. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aim to examine the prevalence of MACE among Saudi SLE compared to general population and factors associated with such outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> This a cross-sectional study nested within two prospective cohorts to assess the period prevalence of any MACE among SLE patients who were enrolled in national prospective cohort of SLE, Saudi Arabia since its initiation in 2020. As a comparison, Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study Saudi sub-cohort (PURE-Saudi) for participants who have been enrolled during the same follow up period. Participants in both studies were followed using standardized published protocol. MACE was defined as the diagnosis of Myocardial infraction, stroke or Angina. We adjust for demographics, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the diagnosis of SLE using logistic regression models. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 488 with SLE and 746 from PURE were included. SLE patients were younger (40.7±12.5 compared to 49.5±8.6) and female predominant (90.6% compared to. 41.6%). Prevalence of traditional risk factors were less in SLE patients including dyslipidemia (28.9% compared to 49.4%), obesity (63% compared to 85%) diabetes (7.8% compared to 27.2%) but not HTN (19.3 compared to 18.8%). Odds of MACE were significantly related to Age and Lupus diagnosis (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11, p=0.00) and (OR: 7.64, 95% CI: 2.65-22.07, p=0.00) but not CVS risk factors (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.10-6.39, p=0.83). <h3>Conclusion</h3> SLE patients at significant risk of MACE compared to general population. This risk is not well explained by traditional risk factors which may explain the failure of CVS risk scores to adequately stratify SLE patients. Further work is needed to understand the pathogenesis of CVS risk in SLE and subsequently mitigate it. <h3>References</h3> [1]Yurkovich M, Vostretsova K, Chen W, Avina-Zubieta JA. Overall and cause-specific mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis care &amp; research. 2014;66(4):608-616. [2]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, Lanyon P, Davenport G, Zhang W. Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus in the United Kingdom 1999–2012. Rheumatology. 2016;55(5):854-860. [3]Falasinnu T, Chaichian Y, Li J, et al. Does SLE widen or narrow race/ethnic disparities in the risk of five co-morbid conditions? Evidence from a community-based outpatient care system. Lupus. 2019;28(14):1619-1627. <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> NIL. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Otitis media in children

Otitis media is a spectrum of diseases associated with middle ear infection. Acute otitis media is one of the most common acute infections in childhood, with a peak incidence in the second half of infancy. A diagnosis of acute otitis media is often challenging and requires three criteria to be met - acute onset of symptoms, signs of middle ear inflammation, and effusion. Otitis media with effusion is the presence of middle ear effusion without signs or symptoms of ear inflammation such as pain and fever as a result of impaired middle ear ventilation. Features of middle ear effusion in the absence of features of inflammation helps to make the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. Most cases are self-resolving with 75%–90% showing complete resolution within 3 months.

Topic: Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transparent poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) for conservation of stone relics: synthesis and test

Abstract A transparent poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) stone relics protective material was synthesized using one-pot method. The synthesized polymer was coated on the surface of the stone samples or glass plates. SEM was used to observe the micromorphology of pristine stone and stone covered polymer coating samples. Physical properties of polymer coatings were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TGA-DSC. The conservation properties of polymer coatings were investigated by testing adhesion, transparency, hydrophobicity, mass loss rate and appearance of the simulated stone relics after freeze–thaw, UV irradiation and acid aging processes. Results show that poly (MMA-BA-20.04 %HFMA) outperformed the others with water contact angle remained 108.23°, 109.34° and 106.96° as well as the change of chromaticity difference values of 0.79, 0.02 and 0.08, after freeze-thaw, UV-aging and acid-aging processes, respectively. All these data indicate that the as-synthesized polymer could potentially use in conservating the stone relics due to its superior hydrophobicity, transparency, anti-acid and anti-UV aging properties as well as durability for freeze–thaw.

Topic: Building materials and conservation
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Analysis of the Behavior of Malaysian Consumers for Expanding the Export of Food and Agricultural Products

Purpose - This paper aims to examines the various factors influencing the purchase decisions of Malaysian consumers for halal food and based on this analysis, to present some measures by which Korea’s food industry could expand exports to the Malaysian market. Design/methodology - This research used SPSS 12.0 for descriptive analysis, ANOVA, t-tests, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and reliability analysis based on a total of 571 responses were included as the final data in the 600 surveys administered. Findings - Malaysian consumers had high trust and confidence in products that had obtained halal certifications. This reflects the cultural situation where 61% of the Malaysian population consist of Muslims. In terms of the consumption of Korean foods, items such as ramyeon, confectionery, and kimchi were found to enjoy high awareness and strong preference among local consumers, thus suggesting their competitiveness. Originality/value - This paper attempts to examine consumer characteristics - an aspect that had received insufficient treatment in previous studies on halal certifications in Muslim countries. This study found the purchase practices and influencing factors behind Malaysian consumers’ purchases of imported foods and Korean foods. Therefore, it is expected that this result can give Korean food industry an insights and strategies for exporting Korean food to Malaysia.

Topic: Halal products and consumer behavior
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
China’s influence on Taiwan’s religions

This chapter discusses the religious development and state-religion dynamics of cross-strait interactions between Mazu belief communities since the late 1970s. It examines the political effects of these cross-strait religious exchanges in terms of China's united front work in Taiwan. In the Taiwan-oriented cultural policy that emerged in the 1980s, the Taiwanese government turned its eyes and relocated resources to local culture, and promoted folk belief as a representative of Taiwanese culture. Correlated to Taiwanese Mazu believers' pilgrimage to China, Taiwan factor significantly involved in the revival of Mazu belief in China. In the late 1970s, although the official attitude towards the popular religion was still rigid, some Mazu temples in China were reconstructed by local worshippers and sponsored by overseas pilgrims, especially from Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. Since the 1980s, overseas pilgrims, especially those from Taiwan, sought ancestral temples of popular deities in China.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Crisis Effects on Relations between US Commodities Futures: An E-garch Approach

This paper estimates the nexus among gold futures, crude oil WTI futures, and natural gas futures before and after the global financial crisis’ outburst. Weekly data are employed and estimations are applied during two sub-periods by using a Nelson’s Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (E-GARCH) approach in order to test for asymmetries in volatilities. Results provide evidence of significant effects of gold price on oil and gas price volatility in an exponential way, but reverse causality does not hold. Moreover, oil prices are found to depend on gas prices.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
From Pathophysiology to Personalized Treatment Strategies for Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and proliferative skin disorder characterized by redness and elevated patches covered in scaly, silvery-white skin. The National Psoriasis Foundation categorizes psoriasis into mild, moderate, and severe, impacting 2% to 5% of the global population. This article explores the types, development, and severity categories of psoriasis, delving into its pathophysiology. It also reviews both conventional and herbal topical therapies and their marketed formulations. Aim: The study aimed to contribute to the development of personalized treatment approaches for individuals with psoriasis. Objectives: This article explores the types, development, and severity categories of psoriasis, delving into its pathophysiology. It also reviews both conventional and herbal topical therapies and their marketed formulations. Methods: The article relies on a comprehensive review of existing literature and research studies on psoriasis. Information on types, severity categories, pathophysiology, and available treatments, both conventional and herbal, is gathered and analyzed. Results: The results highlight the potential advantages of incorporating herbal therapies into treatment plans for individuals with psoriasis, especially for those with severe cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans for managing psoriasis. Both conventional and herbal topical formulations can be viable options, particularly for severe cases. By considering the safety profiles, side effects, and biological activities associated with these treatments, healthcare experts can collaborate with patients to create personalized and effective strategies for addressing the complexities of psoriasis management.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and deep relaxation for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective: This study made a preliminary exploration of the efficacy of physically-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and deep relaxation for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: ADHD behavior and cognitive functions were assessed by test D2 and Conner’s scale before and after a one-year physically-based training program. The reliability of test scores was assessed by repeat testing of a control group (CG) of 10 students who did not have ADHD. Children (10 per group) with ADHD were assigned to physically-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and deep relaxation (E1) or physically-based cognitive-behavioral alone (E2). Results: After 52 weeks of treatment, an intra-group comparison showed that E1 and E2 had improved their scores on the test D2, whereas CG showed no significant change. In addition, most participants with ADHD showed a remarkable improvement in their attentional behavior, with group E1 responding better to treatment than group E2. Conclusions: Physically-based cognitive behavioral therapy appears to improve function and social competence in children with ADHD, and should be recommended as an alternative or supplement to pharmaceutical treatment.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences