jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Various mechanical tests of carbon fiber monofilaments

In recent years, in order to accurately predict the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic by computer-aided engineering, it has become important to understand the mechanical properties of carbon fiber as a reinforcement material. Since carbon fiber is a material whose properties are highly anisotropic, information on tensile properties only in the axial direction of the fiber is not sufficient for predicting composite properties, and tests to obtain properties in various directions are desired. This paper discusses the anisotropy of carbon fibers by presenting the results of our previous tests on carbon fiber monofilaments, including observation of the changes in fiber diameter, dynamic and static torsion tests, torsion-tension tests, transverse crush tests, axial compression tests and three-point bending tests, and finite element method analysis using elastic moduli obtained from these tests.

Topic: Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Similarities and Differences between the Orai1 Variants: Orai1α and Orai1β

Orai1, the first identified member of the Orai protein family, is ubiquitously expressed in the animal kingdom. Orai1 was initially characterized as the channel responsible for the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a major mechanism that allows cytosolic calcium concentration increments upon receptor-mediated IP3 generation, which results in intracellular Ca2+ store depletion. Furthermore, current evidence supports that abnormal Orai1 expression or function underlies several disorders. Orai1 is, together with STIM1, the key element of SOCE, conducting the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) current and, in association with TRPC1, the store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) current. Additionally, Orai1 is involved in non-capacitative pathways, as the arachidonate-regulated or LTC4-regulated Ca2+ channel (ARC/LRC), store-independent Ca2+ influx activated by the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA2) and the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel 3 (SK3). Furthermore, Orai1 possesses two variants, Orai1α and Orai1β, the latter lacking 63 amino acids in the N-terminus as compared to the full-length Orai1α form, which confers distinct features to each variant. Here, we review the current knowledge about the differences between Orai1α and Orai1β, the implications of the Ca2+ signals triggered by each variant, and their downstream modulatory effect within the cell.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Tissue transplantation in the face. Indications and value of various procedures].

Malignant tumors of the skin are on the increase, worldwide. As a result, the repair of facial defects is of growing concern to the plastic surgeon, who has a range of operative techniques at his disposal. The aim of surgery must be to achieve not merely a good functional reconstruction, but also a pleasing esthetic appearance.

Topic: Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Energy equalization module for modular multilevel converters in variable speed motor drives

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) processing phase quantities at low frequency are vulnerable to high cell voltage ripples. MMC upper and lower arms processes pulsating power at fundamental and second harmonic phase components. As a consequence, arms are expected to buffer the energy difference exchanged between DC-link and each AC-phase. This buffered energy is translated into increased cell voltage ripple when operating at low phase frequency. Several remedies have been presented in literature, which can be classified under software and hardware methods. To address this short-come we introduced a plug-in hardware alternative that permit energy exchange between cells from upper and lower arms thus remarkably reducing capacitor voltage ripples caused by out of phase energy variations. The proposed method can improve MMC performance over the full operation region and is mainly attractive to low frequency operation such as in variable-speed motor drives where higher-than-nominal torques might be required for a wide speed range. Performed simulations over a synchronous machine using maximum torque per current control technique, conforms well with the analytical findings and shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DomainNet: Homograph Detection for Data Lake Disambiguation

Modern data lakes are deeply heterogeneous in the vocabulary that is used to describe data. We study a problem of disambiguation in data lakes: how can we determine if a data value occurring more than once in the lake has different meanings and is therefore a homograph? While word and entity disambiguation have been well studied in computational linguistics, data management and data science, we show that data lakes provide a new opportunity for disambiguation of data values since they represent a massive network of interconnected values. We investigate to what extent this network can be used to disambiguate values. DomainNet uses network-centrality measures on a bipartite graph whose nodes represent values and attributes to determine, without supervision, if a value is a homograph. A thorough experimental evaluation demonstrates that state-of-the-art techniques in domain discovery cannot be re-purposed to compete with our method. Specifically, using a domain discovery method to identify homographs has a precision and a recall of 38% versus 69% with our method on a synthetic benchmark. By applying a network-centrality measure to our graph representation, DomainNet achieves a good separation between homographs and data values with a unique meaning. On a real data lake our top-200 precision is 89%.

Topic: Data Quality and Management
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aplikasi Metode Simpleks Pada Optimalisasi Biaya Bahan Baku (Studi Kasus: Ukm Najmah Klappertart)

ABSTRACT&#x0D; The purpose of this research is to obtain an the optimal production costs of Klappertart based on the basic ingredients comparing the production cost of Klappertart in Najmah Klappertart with production costs using the simplex method. The result showed that the optimal costs is ,-. This result is equal to the total cost of klappertart by SMEs Najmah Klappertart, so it can be concluded that the cost of production klappertart based on the basic ingredients on SMEs Najmah Klappertart were optimal.&#x0D; Keywords : Optimal Cost, Basic Ingredients, Production Costs. (A-Z), Simplex Method&#x0D;

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Clinical significance of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with adult T-cell leukemia complicated with meningeal infiltration].

We measured soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with hematological malignancies especially, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with or without meningeal infiltration. CSF levels of sIL-2R were significantly higher in patients with ATL and NHL with meningeal infiltration than in patients with both diseases without meningeal infiltration. The sIL-2R levels in CSF were elevated in 4/4 ATL patients (100%) and 3/13 NHL patients (23%) with meningeal infiltration. CSF levels of sIL-2R from ATL patients with meningeal infiltration had a tendency to elevate in correlation with numbers of mononuclear cells and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in CSF. However, these had no correlation with serum levels of sIL-2R. Therefore, sIL-2 levels in CSF may be useful in the diagnosis of meningeal infiltration in patients with ATL, are probably specific markers for meningeal infiltration of ATL.

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Shengxian decoction decreases doxorubicin‑induced cardiac apoptosis by regulating the TREM1/NF‑κB signaling pathway

Shengxian decoction (SXT) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is clinically used for treating cardiovascular diseases. It is known for its beneficial effect on cardiomyocyte injuries, some of which can be induced by anticancer agents including doxorubicin (DOX). To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects of SXT, DOX‑induced H9c2 cells were analyzed for apoptosis and expression levels of apoptosis biomarkers. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK‑8 and flow cytometry. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), cleaved caspase‑3, survivin and NF‑κBp65 expression levels were measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and/or western blotting. A total of 30 adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n=6 each); control group receiving 0.9% saline, 1 DOX group receiving 2.5 mg/kg of DOX and 3 DOX + SXT groups, receiving a DOX dose equivalent to the DOX‑only group and either 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 g/kg of SXT. It was found that DOX increased apoptosis and NF‑κB activation of H9c2 cells by increasing TREM1 expression and that SXT inhibited apoptosis and NF‑κB activation of H9c2 cells induced by DOX or <i>Trem1</i> overexpression. SXT also significantly reversed DOX‑induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The results suggested that the protective effects of SXT against DOX‑induced apoptosis may be attributed to its downregulation of TREM1.

Topic: Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rituals of migration: an introduction

This introduction presents a framework for the articles in the special issue Rituals of Migration. First, it provides an overview of studies of ritual and migration, highlighting the fruitfulness of exploring the two fields together and arguing for the use of ritual as a cultural prism on processes of continuity and change in migration. In light of these analytical approaches, the introduction continues by outlining and discussing the three major themes that crosscut the articles (the interrelations between change and continuity, processes of placemaking and lines of social differentiation), demonstrating how the articles can shed light on these issues.

Topic: Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Distribution in the Musa diversity of two large chromosomal translocations using re-sequencing data

Banana cultivars are derived from hybridization between Musa acuminata subspecies. Theses subspecies diverged following geographical isolation in distinct Southeast Asian continental regions and islands. Observation of chromosome pairing irregularities in meiosis of hybrids between theses subspecies suggested the presence of large chromosomal structural variations (LSV). We recently described a reciprocal translocation compare to the sequence M. acuminata reference in a subgroup of malaccensis accessions and another one in M. balbisiana. Using a self-progeny of Calcutta4 genotyped by GBS and large insert paired reads mapped on the reference genome, we characterized two large structural variations in the accession “Calcutta4” from the subspecies burmannicoides relative to the reference sequence assembly obtained with a M. a. ssp malaccensis accession. These large structural variations consist in a reciprocal translocation involving a 240 kb distal region of acrocentric chromosome 2 and a 7.2 Mb distal region of chromosome 8 and a second reciprocal translocation involving a 20.8Mb distal region of acrocentric chromosome 1 and an 11.6Mb distal region of chromosome 9. At the breakpoints, intricate events of duplication and deletion/rearrangements involving small fragments were detected. These rearrangement were validated using a preliminary assembly of “Calcutta 4” accession obtained from Nanopore Reads. We developed a methodology to exploit short-insert paired reads resequencing data to analyze the distribution of these two LSV in Musa germplasm. To do so, we designed a pipeline looking for read pair overlapping rearrangement breakpoints for the two structures. First results suggested micro-variations at rearrangement breakpoints for several representatives of Musa acuminata diversity. We thus used PacBio and Nanopore sequencing data from 2 additional representatives of Musa acuminata subspecies (ssp banksii and ssp zebrina) to design additional rearrangement breakpoints for these accessions. All breakpoints presence/absence where then tested for the 159 accessions for which paired reads were available. Results showed that both translocations are shared by all wild accessions belonging to the burmannicoides/burmannica/siamea subspecies. The chromosome 2/8 translocation is also found at the heterozygous state in two cultivars. The relatively low frequency in cultivated accessions of these alternate structures confirmed that burmannicoides/burmannica/siamea subspecies had a low contribution to cultivated bananas. Those two M. a. burmannica specific large structural variations correspond to the “Northern” group suggested by Shepherd (1999) based on meiosis observations.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Affect-Gating

Neurobiological theories of affective processing suggest that different affective states can make people more sensitive to the stimulation impinging on different sensory channels. Five experiments show that consumers in a negative affective state experience enhanced sensitivity to the tactile benefits of products, whereas consumers in a positive affective state experience enhanced sensitivity to the visual benefits of products. Affect-based sensory sensitivity is a consequence of adaptations that induce mammals to seek social support when in a negative affective state and explore the environment when in a positive affective state. In humans, these adaptations are part of an innate system that influences preferences for products with tactile or visual benefits.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
On the universality of the Milan factor for 1/Q power corrections to jet shapes

We perform the two-loop analysis of the 1/Q power corrections to jet-shape variables. This step is necessary for producing reliable theoretical predictions for the relative magnitudes of genuine confinement effects. We show that the rescaling factor recently derived for the thrust case (the Milan factor) remains the same for the class of observables which includes the C-parameter, invariant jet masses, jet broadening and the energy-energy correlation measure. We list the expressions which should be used for extracting 1/Q power effects in jet shapes. We also envisage large non-perturbative effects, characterised by fractional powers of Q, in certain semi-inclusive observables such as the height of the spectrum of Drell-Yan lepton pairs with invariant mass Q and transverse momentum Q_t=0, and back-to-back energy flows in e^+e^- and DIS.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neurochip's advancement research:neurons and silicon get intimate by microcontact printing

Neurochip is a kind of biochip by using microelectrode array to achieve information transmission between neural cells and electronic devices,as well as an interface of artificial neural compensation device.By connecting living neurons to silicon circuits,long-term recording and stimulating are completed non-invasively.At present in this field,the key point is how to make neural cells adhere on the chips,direct cell bodies to electrodes,establish the communication links and promote the signal to noise ratio between the neuron and substrate.Micro-fabrication technology can be expected to achieve this goal in which microcontact printing technique is the most widely used.By the application of polydimethylsiloxane as stamps,biological macromolecules or organic polymer as inks,the fine patterns are transferred to the silicon from the template in order to achieve surface modification of materials and structural micro-fabrication.In this review,we introduce the advancement of neural chip research briefly,describe the current research of microcontact printing technology in detail and discuss the application of this approach in the field of neural chip nowadays.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of Net Benefits of Incentive-Based and Command and Control Environmental Regulations: The Case of Santiago, Chile

The ambient permit system proposed in the literature for cost-effective pollution reduction is difficult to implement and may result in lower net benefits than using another instrument. The article develops a model for comparing the environmental net benefits of three policy instruments for Santiago, Chile, when the policy problem is to meet a given ambient quality standard. Two market-based instruments—the ambient permit system and a simpler emission permit system—are examined along with an emission standard, a command and control instrument usually favored by regulators. Both emission permit system and emission standard are costlier than the ambient permit system, sometimes in large part because they improve ambient emission concentrations beyond the required target in much of the city, but the ambient permit system requires a lower degree of control to comply with the standard. The somewhat costlier emission permit system and emission standard provide much higher net benefits than the ambient permit system when the health benefits of their “excessive” air quality improvements are taken into account. These benefits are different from the fact that an ambient permit system is administratively costlier to implement.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Neurophysiologic features of twilight consciousness disorders in epilepsy].

In order to study the systemic brain activity in disorders of consciousness, 40 epileptic patients with twilight states were examined during the intra-attack period by the clinical methods and evoked potentials technique. An analysis of the amplitude-tempolabile waves of evoked potentials permitted to detect certain traits in the functioning of the afferent brain systems during twilight states and after egress from psychosis. An attempt has been made to explain on the basis of the data obtained the mechanisms of the clinical symptomatology in the test group of patients.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tumbling Tricks: Presentational Structure and ‘The Taming of the Shrew’

Much interest has recently been shown in the contributions of the actor in the performance of Tudor comedy. Lesley Wade Soule's subject is the larger performative framework of such contributions. Focusing on the main action of The Taming of the Shrew , she finds revealing examples of the characteristic presentational structures found in Tudor comedy, including direct audience address, mimesis as a pretext for presentation, a ritual/project structure, the use of stage personae, and a concluding ceremony of celebration. Her essay describes the nature of these structural elements, and offers examples of their functions in the play's performance as bodied forth in the text. Lesley Wade Soule is Senior Lecturer in Drama at the University of Exeter, where she teaches directing and the staging of Shakespeare. She has written articles on performance in the medieval and Elizabethan theatres and is the author of Actor as Anti-Character: Dionysus, the Devil, and the Boy Rosalind (Greenwood Press, 2000).

Topic: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical eterogeneity and reversibility of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in 80 children.

80 children with selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency--40 with severe deficiency (serum IgA less than 5 mg/dl) and 40 with partial deficiency (serum IgA greater than 5 mg/dl but less than minus 2 SD of the age-normal mean)--were followed up for 1.5 to 9 years; during which their serum and salivary IgA levels were measured periodically and the number and type of infections they had were recorded. In the partial deficiency group serum IgA rose to normal levels in half the group at a median age of 14 years and at a median time of 4 years after diagnosis, but they did not reach the normal range in the severe deficiency group. Pneumonia occurred more frequently in the severe than in the partial deficiency group. In addition, 11 of the 12 severely IgA deficient patients who had pneumonia had levels of both serum and salivary IgA of less than 0.5 mg/dl, and only 1 had detectable serum IgA levels. These data indicate that in childhood severe IgA deficiency is persistent and predisposed to pneumonia, whereas partial IgA deficiency is often transient and only occasionally associated with pneumonia.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Language and Myth: A Contribution to the Problem of the Names of the Gods (1924)

Language and Myth: A Contribution to the Problem of the Names of the Gods (1924)Ernst CassirerThe Warburg Years (1919–1933): Essays on Language, Art, Myth, and Technology·73· The beginning of Plato's Phaedrus depicts how Socrates is lured into conversation by Phaedrus, whom he encounters outside the gates of the city on the banks of the Ilissus. The landscape that Plato lays out in this scene is depicted in the finest detail—this presentation emits a radiance and fragrance that we rarely see in the usual classical portrayals of nature. Socrates and Phaedrus sit down under the shade of a tall plane tree, at the edge of a cool spring; the summer breeze is mild and …AuthorErnst CassirerPublisherYale University PressCopyright© 2013 by Yale UniversityRelated print edition pages: pp.130-213 https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00165.006 Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-14997Copy Chapter subject tags:PlatoMythologySymbolismGrammarReligion

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences