jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Azole Potentiation: Insights from Drug Repurposing Approaches

The emergence of azole resistance and tolerance in pathogenic fungi has emerged as a significant public health concern, emphasizing the urgency for innovative strategies to bolster the efficacy of azole-based treatments. Drug repurposing stands as a promising and practical avenue for advancing antifungal therapy, with the potential for swift clinical translation. This review offers a comprehensive overview of azole synergistic agents uncovered through drug repurposing strategies, alongside an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms by which these agents augment azole potency. Drawing from these mechanisms, we delineate strategies aimed at enhancing azole effectiveness, such as inhibiting efflux pumps to elevate azole concentrations within fungal cells, intensifying ergosterol synthesis inhibition, mitigating fungal cell resistance to azoles, and disrupting biological processes extending beyond ergosterol synthesis. This review is beneficial for the development of these potentiators, as it meticulously examines instances and provides nuanced discussions on the mechanisms underlying the progression of azole potentiators through drug repurposing strategies.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
679 Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies

<h3>Aims</h3> Flat-top talus (FTT) is a complication well-known to those treating clubfoot. Despite varying anecdotal opinions, its association with different treatments, especially the Ponseti method, remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to establish the aetiology and prevalence of FTT, as well as detailing management strategies and their efficacy. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to search for articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science until November 2021. Studies with original data relevant to one of three questions were included: 1) Possible aetiology 2) Prevalence following different treatments 3) Management strategies and their outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> 32 original studies were included, with a total of 1473 clubfeet. FTT may be a pre-existing feature of the pathoanatomy of some clubfeet as well as a sequela of treatment. It can be a radiological artefact due to positioning or other residual deformity. The Ponseti method is associated with a higher percentage of radiologically normal tali (57%) than both surgical methods (52%) and non-Ponseti casting (29%). Only one study was identified that reported outcomes after surgical treatment for FTT (anterior distal tibial hemiepiphysiodesis). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The cause of FTT remains unclear. It is seen after all treatment methods but the rate is lowest following Ponseti casting. Guided growth may be an effective treatment.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flexibility in Cross-organizational WS-BPEL Business Processes

Cross-organizational business processes involve interactions offered as services which are orchestrated across multiple organizations. As in local intra-organizational processes, this type of processes also needs to handle exceptional situations, in order to become more flexible and automatically managed by business process management systems. Typically, exception handling is defined locally within the scope of an intra-organizational business process, using the appropriate business process modelling language constructs. However, these constructs do not foresee exceptions that occur in cross- organizational processes. In this paper we propose a WS-BPEL extension to define an interface between cross- organizational processes, in order to monitor the state of each interacting process and, consequently, define cross- organizational exception behaviour. We also present a prototype implementation of our proposed extensions by using a model transformation approach and an open-source business process engine.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Robotics Systems Design Need: A Design Standard to Provide the Systems Focus that is Required for Longterm Exploration Efforts

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The United States is entering a new period of human exploration of the inner Solar System, and robotic human helpers will be partners in that effort. In order to support integration of these new worker robots into existing and new human systems, a new design standard should be developed, to be called the Robot-Systems Integration Standard (RSIS). It will address the requirements for and constraints upon robotic collaborators with humans. These workers are subject to the same functional constraints as humans of work, reach, and visibility/situational awareness envelopes, and they will deal with the same maintenance and communication interfaces. Thus, the RSIS will be created by discipline experts with the same sort of perspective on these and other interface concerns as human engineers.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Role of Glutathione as a Bleaching Agent in Whitening Skin: A Review

Objective: To review and compare the efficacy of glutathione formulations as skin-whitening agents in adults participating in several clinical studies. Methods: Using a MEDLINE search with the time frame specified up to March 2020 , seven clinical studies involving GSH use for lightening the skin were recognized and assessed for significance and validity. Results: Four controlled clinical trials (GSH capsules: 60 healthy volunteers; 250 mg oral GSH capsules:60; 2% glutathione lotion: 30s healthy volunteers; GSH as wash:74 healthy volunteers) and a case series(GSH lozenges: 30 patients) showed a significant reduction in melanin index. A case series (GSH soap: 15 patients) revealed a skin-lightening effect based on photography. Only one placebo-controlled study on IV GSH (1200 mg) in 60 healthy volunteers demonstrated a poor effect of glutathione as a whitening agent. Conclusion: The literature search revealed that glutathione is not useful enough as a skin-whitening agent, as it is only effective on some parts of the skin and did not present any long-lasting effect. Although the safety profile of topical and oral glutathione seemed to be good, long-term research studies employing better study design are required in order to evaluate the efficacy of this antioxidant.

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Designing an Expanded-Type Transmedia Story-World: The Case Study of Cloud Bread

Background : Transmedia storytelling is often viewed as a way to solve the prevailing shortage of stories for the content industry. In order to achieve a highly efficient extraction of stories from a story source or to expand an existing story to more “offspring” stories, transmedia storytelling demands the designing and establishing of a story-world first and foremost before any expansion takes place. Hence, understanding the nature and composition of a transmedia story-world is an imperative step towards the successful expansion of a story. Methods : This paper looks into the case of designing a transmedia world by closely analyzing the case of Cloud Bread. As the best-selling children’s book looked to expand into an animated series, the producers designed the world of Cloud Bread first and then went on to develop the expansion. We have employed the transmedia world-building criteria of mythos, topos & ethos to analyze the designed details of the Cloud Bread story-world that has been opened to the public to determine whether the designed world satisfies such criteria. Result : We have found that the successful expansion of the children’s book Cloud Bread to an extensive animated series can largely be attributed to the fact that the producers decided to design the story-world first. The animated series consistently adheres to the criteria of the designed story-world, and this is reflected by the content throughout. And to achieve this, we found that the rules about, knowledge of and guidelines on how to act in the said world are the critical criteria in transmedia storytelling. Conclusions : The case makes a compelling and strong argument for establishing a solid storyworld before a transmedia expansion to guarantee that the purity of the original concept can be maintained no matter who the author is. Thus, designing the world with the criteria of mythos, topos & ethos can be considered a feasible guideline.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Accurate quantification of carboplatin adducts with serum proteins by monolithic chromatography coupled to ICPMS with isotope dilution analysis

This work demonstrates for the first time the potential of monolithic chromatography coupled to double species-specific isotope dilution analysis (IDA) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for the detection and accurate quantification of adducts of plasma/serum proteins with carboplatin, an anti-cancer drug.

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
‘Not Simple, Not Pure’: Revisioning of Mythical Wicked Women in the Stories of Sara Maitland

The British novelist, feminist and religious thinker Sara Maitland (b.1950) is renowned for her short stories, many of which involve the rewriting of fairy tale and classical and biblical myth. This article situates Maitland's retellings within the contemporary feminist tradition of literary revisioning, but emphasises that her retelling of old tales is distinguished by a deep—and often discomforting—engagement with questions of morality. This is rooted in Maitland's political commitment and Christian faith, and is particularly evident in her treatment of mythical female evil. Her short stories take a morally ambiguous approach, paying attention to the moral and psychological complexities of the wicked stepmothers in fairy tale, gorgons and child-killers of classical myth, and temptresses of the Hebrew Bible. Maitland's feminist revisioning of mythical wicked women does not flinch from their darkness, or impose simple ethical lessons, but at the same time she is (sometimes horribly) aware of their moral significance. This article examines the portrayal of feminist theology's concept of the ‘female sin’ of passivity in Maitland's revisioning of Delilah (in Daughter of Jerusalem, 1978) and ‘Helen of Troy's Aerobics Class’ (in On Becoming A Fairy Godmother, 2003); how the crimes of mythical wicked women are retold as being motivated by revenge against men in ‘Deborah and Jael’ (Daughter of Jerusalem), ‘Siren Song’ and ‘The Swallow and the Nightingale’ (Far North and Other Dark Tales, 2008). The latter of these raises issues of women's conflicting loyalties, which is also considered in ‘The Swans’ (2008). The taboos of incest and child abuse are explored powerfully and sensitively in ‘Jocasta’ (2003) and ‘The Wicked Stepmother's Lament’ (A Book of Spells, 1987), and resistance to simplistic moralising is encapsulated in the story of a menopausal Eve, in ‘Choosing Paradise’ (2003).

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Chapter 1. Empirical approaches to the study of literature in learning environments

Due to the variety of areas involved in the scientific study of literature in learning environments, this chapter provides an overview in six parts. Part 1 focuses on students’ perceptions of literature, how readers construct literary interpretation in the classroom , the growth of literary expertise in literary response, and instructional factors in literary interpretation. Part 2 looks at studies on creative writing in pedagogical settings. Part 3 discusses recent studies on pedagogical stylistics. Part 4 aims at research on online environments while Part 5 centers on book clubs and reading groups. In Part 6, the synopses of the contributions to the volume signal the advances this book brings to the area.

Topic: Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting Job Involvement of Banks Employees Based on Personality Characteristics

The main objective of this research was to predict job involvement of banks employees' (public and private banks) in Tehran based on personality characteristics. Statistical population included all of personnel at Tehran's private and government banks. The sample group (N=200) were chosen via multistage random sampling method. The research instruments included Kanungo Job Involvement Questionnaire and Five Factors Inventory- NEO-FFI. The stepwise regression analysis with SPSS indicated that generally, the personality characteristics can predict job involvement (P<0.01). More results indicated that there is no significant difference between the job involvement level of the employees in the public and private banks.

Topic: Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A new project to capture antimalarial drugs, leads and targets in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb)

Introduction: GtoPdb has been traditionally focused on the pharmacology associated with non-infectious diseases [1]. However, in October of 2017 we initiated a collaboration with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) in Geneva, where we have been piloting the curation of antimalarial compounds and Plasmodium targets for approved drugs and the global portfolio of new clinical candidates and research leads [2]. This will provide explicit mappings between compounds and targets for current and new antimalarials.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introduction: Scots as the Language of the Law

Abstract The introduction lays out the aims of the book and presents the Scots language as a multifunctional standardizing tool, used also in the context of law and administration in the late medieval and early renaissance period. The major aims sketched out here include the identification of standardizing patterns with corpus-driven methods, a structural and functional interpretation of these recurrent patterns, and the exploration of how the language responded to the external conditions in which the texts were produced. The chapter highlights the interdisciplinary character of the study, and introduces the division into three parts: the linguistic theoretical background, the socio-historical context, and the analytical part. It is also stressed that the methods used here are applicable to other languages and contexts.

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Interrogations of Community from the Women and Gender Studies Program at The College at Brockport

This project draws from hybrid methodologies to enact an interdisciplinary analysis of students’ articulations of community within the Women and Gender Studies Program at The College at Brockport. In order to subvert traditional colonizing research power dynamics, my own positionality as a trans* masculine queer identified person is contextualized within broader networks of power throughout. To highlight the creativity and recognition in relationships, I deploy and document “community” not to collapse any particular identities or other distinctions that exist among my co-participants, but to invite a revaluing of conventional boundaries and a rethinking about how knowledge is produced.

Topic: Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Montessori for Parents.

Those of us who are 70 years of age or older can remember the excitement when Italy's Maria Montessori published in 1912 her book telling of her accomplishments in the treatment of somewhat handicapped children. The book was soon out of print but teachers of small children still kept talking about "the Montessori system." Dorothy Fisher introduced this system into America after studying with Madame Montessori in Rome. As Dorothy Fisher says, usually an author who is far ahead of his or her time has to wait for 50 years to be really appreciated, and now the 50 years is past. Hence, now this book ought to be immensely better received than it was received in 1912! Maria Montessori was born in 1870 and was the first woman ever granted a medical degree by an Italian university. Even as a child she showed great ability in mathematics, so much so

Topic: Education Methods and Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Life expectancy of artists in the Low Countries from the fifteenth to the twentieth century

We investigated the role that urbanization and plague may have played in changes in life expectancy amongst artists in the Low Countries who were born between 1450 and 1909. Artists can be considered to be representative of a middle-class population living mostly in urban areas. The dataset was constructed using biographical information collected by the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie in The Hague, the Netherlands. As early as the beginning of the sixteenth century, life expectancy at age 20 amongst the artists had reached 40 years. After a substantial decline in the late sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, when plague hit the region, life expectancy at age 20 began to rise again, and this upward trend accelerated after 1850. The life expectancy of female artists commonly exceeded that of males, and sculptors had better survival prospects than painters. In comparison with elite groups in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe, life expectancy amongst the artists was rather high.

Topic: Social and Cultural Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases

Crown gall disease (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), crown/root rot disease (Phytophthora spp.), root lesion disease (Pratylenchus vulnus) and tree vigor are key traits affecting the productivity and quality of walnuts in California. Unchallenged hybrid rootstocks were analyzed by RNA-seq to examine pre-formed factors affecting these traits. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the increased expression of cell wall biogenesis-related genes plays a key role in susceptibility to A. tumefaciens, susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. and increased vigor. Analysis of the predicted subcellular loci of the encoded proteins revealed that many gene products associated with vigor and susceptibility were targeted to the plasma membrane and extracellular space, connecting these traits to sustaining barrier function. We observed that RNA processing and splicing, along with predicted nuclear targeting, were associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, resistance to Phytophthora spp. and low vigor. Four genes within the J. microcarpa QTL region for resistance to A. tumefaciens and Phytophthora spp. were represented among our transcripts, with two of the genes being differentially expressed in association with resistance to A. tumefaciens and decreased vigor. No differential expression related to Phytophthora spp. or P. vulnus resistance was observed in this region. Additionally, the J. microcarpa haplotype expressed more transcripts associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp. and low vigor, but not P. vulnus, than the J. regia haplotype. We also report unique and shared hormone and defense responses associated with each trait. This research suggests a link between cell wall biogenesis, vigor and critical root diseases of walnut.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hot-Spots Clusters of HIV Infection in Cameroon : Space-Time Analysis from the Demographic and Health Surveys

Abstract Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection prevalence in Cameroon has consecutively decreased from 5.28% in 2004 to 2.8% in 2018. However, this total decrease in prevalence may hide some disparities especially in terms of spatial or geographical pattern. Efficient control and fighting against HIV infection requires to target hotspot areas. This study was aimed to investigate whether there is a spatial pattern of HIV in Cameroon and to determine the hot-spots clusters. Methods: HIV biomarkers data with Global Positioning System (GPS) location data were leveraged from the Cameroon 2004, 2011, and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) after an approved request from the MEASURES Demographic and Health Survey Program. The spatial autocorrelation test was performed with the Moran I test through the R package ”DCluster”. The discrete Poisson model was fitted to scan and detect hot-spots clusters based on the Kulldorff test with the SaTScan software version 9.4, with purely spatial and space-time analysis respectively. Finally, the data and detected clusters were imported to QGIS software version 3.20.2 for maps manipulations. Results: For the three considered periods of 2004, 2011, and 2018 respectively, there was a spatial autocorrelation of HIV infection in Cameroon. A total of 3, 5, and 2 significant hot-spots clusters were detected for the periods of 2004, 2011, and 2018 respectively. In the prospective space-time analysis, 2 significant clusters have been detected from 2004 to 2018. The relative-risk in the significant detected clusters were 2.72(p-value= 0.001) and 3.37(p-value=0.026) respectively. Cluster 1 included the following subdivisions : Mefou et Afamba, Nyong et So’o, Nyong et Mfoumou, Haute Sanaga, Mvila, Dja et lobo, Haut-Nyong, Boumba et Ngoko; Kadey, Lom et Djerem, and Mbere. The other cluster included : Nkam, Sanaga-Maritime, and Nyong-Ekele. Conclusion: Despite the decrease of HIV epidemiology in Cameroon, the study revealed that there is a spatial pattern of HIV in Cameroon and the hot-spots clusters were detected. In its effort to eliminate HIV infection by 2030 in Cameroon, the public health policies should target more of the detected HIV hot-spots clusters in this study while maintaining effective control in other parts of the country which are cold-spots.

Topic: Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences