jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aids to clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion. Other Aspects of Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenetics. Drugs at the Extremes of Age. Effects of Disease of Pharmacokinetics. Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. Drug Development and Adverse Reaction Monitoring. Drugs for Psychiatric and CNS Disease. Analgesics. Including Terminal Care. Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease. Drugs Acting on the Kidneys. Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System. Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disease. Obesity, Vitamins, Hyperlipoproteinaemias and Nutrition. Drugs Affecting the Blood. Hormones and Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System. Anti-Infective Chemotherapy. Cancer Chemotherapy. Drugs and the Eye. Drug Overdose. Drug Dependence. Legal and Practical Aspects of Prescribing. Index

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Methionine Hydroxy Analog Supplementation to Increase Feed Utilization for Indigenous Sheep

In the tropical area, productivity of ruminant has not optimized caused by the low quality of nutrition that leads to low-efficiency metabolism at the level of ruminal fermentation, post rumen digestibility, and intermediary metabolism. The study aimed to analyze effect of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on ruminal fermentation profiles of indigenous sheep specifically in the increase of ruminant productivity. In vitro utility test was conducted using rumen fluid of the indigenous sheep and sample of rational ration having a proportion of grass and concentrate 30%:70%, dry matter basis. The treatments implemented were three levels of MHA supplementation; T0: 0 g/day, T1: 3 g/day, and T2: 6 g/day. Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), production of VFA, NH3, as well as total protein, and molar proportion of partial VFA of rumen fluid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The 0.2% MHA supplementation increased OMD with the highest production of total protein was from 28.57 mg/g (T0) to 40.49 mg/g (T2) (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, the lowest ratio of acetate : propionate was from 2.74 (T0) to 2.33 (T2) (P&lt;0.05). Supplementation of MHA up to 6 g/day concentrate increased the performance of fermentation and/or feed utility.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computational analysis of stress map variations by industrial light sources and load additions in digital photoelasticity

In digital photoelasticity, evaluating the stress map is often affected in regions with critical values. This phenomenon is associated to color degradation effect and high fringe densities. It is a consequence of different experimental conditions, such as: type of birefringent material, relative spectral content of light source, relative spectral response of camera sensor, polarization optical elements, load application, etc. In this study field, the main goal accounts for evaluating the stress values, as better as possible, from photoelasticity images. Which turns the view towards the process that allow to acquire photoelasticity images with more complete information. This makes necessary to analyze the possible effects that each element could introduce into the photoelasticity image generation. This paper presents a computational analysis on the effect that different industrial light sources introduces for recovering the stress maps. Hence, four common industrial light sources are considered for generating the photoelasticity images. In this case, results reveal that there are light sources which represent stronger limitations for evaluating the stress, and that Such effect varies with the load increments. This approach is useful for predicting the possible effect that a light source selection could introduce into the stress evaluation process.

Topic: Optical measurement and interference techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment

At this stage the evidence available from the published literature does not support the use of Piracetem in the treatment of people with dementia or cognitive impairment because effects were found only on global impression of change but not on any of the more specific measures. There is a need for further evaluation of piracetam by : 1) Obtaining the data from these studies for an individual patient database review, 2) Performing a randomised trial of Piracetam in patients with diagnoses made by currently accepted diagnostic criteria. Piracetam should be trialled for a period of at least 6 months and preferably longer. Specific cognitive instruments which are sensitive to change, Clinician Global Impression of Change, levels of dependency and caregiver quality of life scales should also be incorporated in such a study.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Corn Ethanol Plant Investment and Divestment Decisions: A Real Options Approach

This research attempts to explain the boom and bust of corn ethanol plants in the mid-2000s by analyzing the following question: Did investors use a simple investment approach that suggested it was wise to invest, while more complex techniques would have shown to wait? To answer this, the authors construct ethanol-corn gross trigger margins that tell investors when to invest in and plant owners when to mothball, reactivate, or sell an ethanol plant. These trigger margins are obtained using a net present value technique, a real options framework under the assumption that gross margins follow Geometric Brownian motion, and a real options framework under the assumption that gross margins follow a mean-reverting stochastic process. Trigger margins are then compared to actual ethanol-corn gross margins to determine which investment evaluation technique investors appeared to use. Using corn and ethanol price data during 1998-2008 and cost data for hypothetical ethanol plants, the authors find that investors seemed to follow the more complex real options framework assuming gross margins followed Geometric Brownian motion.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents the capacity of machines/ software to perform tasks that are mostly done with human intelligence. AI is influencing every domain from engineering to healthcare and beyond. This chapter delves into the manifold applications of AI in health sciences, including its role in forensic science. AI introduces novel challenges and opportunities, shedding light on the advantages and pitfalls inherent in leveraging AI methodologies for criminal investigations. In comparison to conventional forensic methodologies, AI deploys a diverse array of algorithms aimed at delivering precise and expedient outcomes in tasks like age estimation, sex determination, assessment of the development of teeth, digital evidence analysis, toxicological analysis, forensic entomology and determination of the post-mortem interval (PMI). This chapter undertakes a comprehensive overview of the ethical quandaries, implications for crime investigation facilitated by AI, and inherent limitations.

Topic: Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Practicality of VHF-band ocean radar to surface current observation in open sea area

The fundamental characteristics of the high-resolution ocean radar system with the VHF band under severe winter conditions in the open sea area were evaluated through the field observations in Wakasa Bay. As the results, over 60 percentage of the detection ratio of the horizontal currents by the radar was confirmed in the extent of 15km as to the maximum observation range of 25km. The comparison between the current data of the radar and that of the current meter in one-month observation at the close point to Monjyu Power Station showed good correlation with a correlation coefficient over 0.7 and the standard error of 5 to 10cm/s. It was also indicated that the currents from surface to 2.5m below the surface were mainly driven by the wind fluctuation component of the 25.3 hours with the phase of 30 minutes. The ocean surface radar could detect the horizontal current patterns in the irregular current field under the sever weather and oceanic condition, which might largely contribute to comprehend unknown ocean characteristics in an open sea.

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corruption, financial development and capital structure: evidence from China

Purpose This paper takes listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 1998 to 2013 as a research sample, investigating the role played by corruption and financial development, along with the interactions between the two, in determining the factors of a company’s capital structure in China’s legal environment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Using data of listed companies and the regional level of China during 1998-2013 and the STATA process (xtabond2 command) developed by Roodman (2006) to implement the two-step GMM estimation, empirically investigate the effect of interactions between corruption and financial development on a company’s capital structure in Chinese legal environment. Findings After both controlling for China’s legal environment, a company’s internal factors, and industry factors and considering endogeneity problems, the results show that corruption and financial development have significant positive influences on a company’s bank loans. However, when investigating the interactions between corruption and financial development, the authors find that financial development does not increase a company’s bank loans in areas with a higher level of corruption. However, corruption and financial development have insignificant influences on a company’s long-term bank loans. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study suggest that a company’s capital structure was affected not only by the company’s internal factors and industry factors, but also by the company’s external factors, and the interactions between these factors. Practical implications To improve the financing circumstances of company credit, the next point of reform should be to improve their procedures for administrative examination and approval of bank creditors and strengthen the punishment and prevention of credit and judicial corruption to weaken the negative effects of corruption on firms’ capital structure decisions. Originality/value This study uses only Chinese listed companies, and considers the influence of the interaction of corruption and financial development on a company’s capital structure decisions.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reconciling approaches to enquiry in the humanitarian intervention debate

Alexander Moseley and Richard Norman (eds), Human Rights and Military Intervention (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002). J.L. Holzgrefe and Robert O. Keohane (eds), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal ...

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Peronosclerospora neglecta sp. nov.—a widespread and overlooked threat to corn (maize) production in the tropics

Abstract Downy mildew is a serious threat to corn (maize) production in the tropics and subtropics. Corn is native to Central America, and was introduced into South-East Asia by the Spanish colonisers in the 1700s. Corn is evolutionarily naïve to downy mildews of the genus Peronosclerospora . Consequently, corn monocultures are particularly susceptible to a variety of Peronosclerospora species, which spread to the crop from local grasses. Globally, corn is one of the most important crops for both humans and livestock. Several downy mildews of corn have been identified as potential threats to global food security, and trade with corn seeds is strictly regulated to avoid spreading the pathogens. Despite their importance, little is known about the biodiversity of graminicolous downy mildews, because their identification has often relied on variable morphological features, such as conidial dimensions. DNA barcodes for most species have become available only recently. During surveys for downy mildews on corn in Indonesia, a previously unrecognised species of Peronosclerospora was found and investigated using a combination of morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species, introduced here as Peronosclerospora neglecta , is widely distributed in South-East Asia from Thailand to eastern Indonesia. The impact of this downy mildew can be severe, with complete crop losses in heavily affected fields. Given the aggressiveness of the species, close surveillance is warranted to restrict its further spread.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
UJI VALIDITAS DAN RELIABITAS KUESIONER PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN TINDAKAN TERKAIT IMUNISASI BCG (BACILLUS CALMETTE GUERIN)

Background : Knowledge, attitude and practice of parents about general training to achieve the goal or status of child vaccination. family and provider system characteristics and their effect on a child's status are important in assessing potential risks in maintaining protection against disease. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for measuring the level of knowledge, attitudes and actions related to BCG. Methods: Research design quantitatively with cross sectional method. The research was carried out in 2 stages, the first was developing the instrument and the second stage was conducting a content validity test with assessment and input from experts conducted by the Bangka District Health Office and reliability testing. The research sample is 108 people, with accidental sampling technique. Cronbach's alpha value was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: After going through two content tests with experts, and in the Pearson Product Moment statistical test for the three aspects, the results obtained were 25 statement items which were declared to be completely valid, consisting of nine knowledge statement items, 6 attitude statement items and 10 statement items. action. These twenty-five items were declared valid in content so that they could be tested to the next stage, namely reliability testing. After all statements are valid, it is continued with reliability test using Cronbach-Alpha. To find out the reliability, the way is to compare the value of r results with r tables, as the value of r results is the value "Alpha" (located at the end of the output) provided that if r count &gt; rtable, then the statement is reliable. In the aspect of knowledge from the test results, it turns out that the value of r Alpha (0.670) is greater than the value of rtable (0.1891), so nine statements can be used (ready to use). In the attitude aspect, the r Alpha value (0.836) is greater than the rtable value (0.1891), so the six statement items are declared reliable and can be used (ready to use). While the action aspect, the value of r Alpha (0.836) is greater than the value of r table (0.1891), then the six statement items are declared reliable and can be used (ready to use). Conclusion: the questionnaire that has been compiled has been tested for validity and reliability, so it can be used in further research.

Topic: Agricultural and Biological Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Accreditation: chance for education as well as evaluation.

The accreditation process of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals not only is a mechanism for evaluation of hospital operations but also can be en educational experience for hospital leadership. The Joint Commission encourages trustees to participate actively in the on-site survey, to be aware of survey findings, to help correct problems identified in the survey, and to participate in their hospital's quality assurance program.

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Management
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplemental Material: Critical metal enrichment in crustal melts: The role of metamorphic mica

&lt;p&gt;Appendix S1 (sample descriptions), Appendix S2 (table with mineral assemblages), Appendix S3 (detailed methods description for LA-ICP-MS analysis), Appendix S4 (LA-ICP-MS spot locations), and Appendix S5 (major- and trace-element data table for samples and secondary standard). &lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Empathic Interaction Using the Computational Emotion Model

This paper describes the empathy oriented human-robot interaction model. It is projected to design the model capable of different empathic responses (parallel and reactive) during the course of interaction with the user, depending upon the personality and mood factors of the robot. The proposed model encompasses three main stages i.e., Perception, empathic appraisal and empathic expression. Perception refers to capturing user's emotion state via facial expression recognition. Empathic appraisal is based on the computational emotional model for generating its internal emotions, mood state and empathic responses. The internal emotions are defined using psychological studies and generated on 2D (pleasure-arousal) scaling model, whereas, fuzzy logic is used to calculate the intensity of the each emotion. A virtual facial expression simulator is applied for expression of resultant empathic emotions. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed model is capable of exhibiting different empathic responses with respect to the personality and mood factors.

Topic: Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
5 CLONINGAND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWBORN OVARY HOMEOBOX GENE (NOBOX) IN CATTLE

Newborn ovary homeobox (NOBOX) is a homeobox gene that is preferentially expressed in the oocytes and is essential for folliculogenesis in mice. NOBOX knockout mice are infertile, and lack of NOBOX perturbs the expression of many germ-cell-specific genes and microRNAs. Furthermore, mutations in the NOBOX gene associated with premature ovarian failure have been described in humans. However, the temporal and cell-specific expression of NOBOX in bovine oocytes and the potential function of NOBOX in early embryogenesis have not been described previously. The objectives of this study were to clone the complementary (c)DNA encoding for bovine NOBOX, analyze the expression of NOBOX mRNA in bovine tissues including fetal ovaries of different developmental stages, and characterize the temporal expression patterns of NOBOX mRNA during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Based on the sequence of a predicted cDNA for bovine NOBOX, we successfully amplified, using RT-PCR, a cDNA fragment representing the coding region of bovine NOBOX from bovine fetal ovary cDNA. Additional 5' and 3' sequences were obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) procedures. The assembled full-length NOBOX cDNA is 2275 bp with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 500 amino acids with a conserved homeodomain and typical nuclear localization signal. The predicted NOBOX protein shares 61% and 49% amino acid sequence identity with its human and mouse counterparts, respectively. A BLAST search of the bovine genome database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that the bovine NOBOX gene is located on chromosome 4, spans approximately 5.5 kb, and is encoded by 7 exons. Northern blot analysis revealed an approximately 2.3-kb bovine NOBOX RNA transcript. RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from a panel of 14 different bovine tissues revealed that expression of NOBOX mRNA is restricted to ovarian samples and can be detected in fetal ovaries harvested as early as 105 days of gestation, when primary follicles start to form. Further RT-PCR analysis using RNA isolated from oocytes and granulosa and cumulus cells of antral follicles indicates that bovine NOBOX is expressed in oocytes but not in other follicular cells. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that NOBOX mRNA is abundant in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage oocytes, as well as from pronuclear to 8-cell stage embryos, but barely detectable in embryos collected at the morula and blastocyst stages, suggesting that NOBOX might be a maternal effect gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bovine NOBOX is specifically expressed in oocytes and may play a role in early embryonic development in addition to its known function in folliculogenesis.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
$L^2$ Serre Duality on Domains in Complex Manifolds and Applications

An $L^2$ version of the Serre duality on domains in complex manifolds involving duality of Hilbert space realizations of the $\bar{\partial}$-operator is established. This duality is used to study the solution of the $\bar{\partial}$-equation with prescribed support. Applications are given to $\bar{\partial}$-closed extension of forms, as well to Bochner-Hartogs type extension of CR functions.

Topic: Holomorphic and Operator Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
LDPC-DFH Coded Modulation and System Performance Simulations

Special coded modulation methods for differential frequency hopping (DFH) communication system over HF channel were studied. As an encoder in DFH system, the traditional frequency transition function was replaced by a LDPC code which gave the frequency hopping sequence. A novel LDPC-DFH coded modulation technique was proposed and corresponding decoding algorithms are given. The performances of LDPC-DFH system were simulated under AWGN channel and HF channel model. Simulation results show LDPC-DFH system performs better than conventional DFH system, and it still has good BER performance in HF channel.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences