jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous heat transfers at the impact of a droplet onto a hot surface in the film boiling regime

Heat and mass transfers at the impact of a droplet onto a hot solid surface are investigated experimentally. Millimetersizedwater droplets impinges onto a perfectly flat sapphire surface heated at 600°C. The temperature of the liquidinside the droplet is measured using the two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2cLIF) technique. Water is seededwith a temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye, while a nanosecond pulsed laser is used for the excitation of the fluorescence.The ratio of fluorescence signal detected in two appropriate spectral bands allows to determine the liquidtemperature. One advantage of this non-intrusive optical technique is that it eliminates adverse effects associatedwith signal variations caused by droplet shape during its impact. In parallel, the temperature of the solid surfaceis characterized using infrared thermography. The latter measurements are made possible by the deposition of ananosize coating of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) on the upper surface of the sapphire window. Thanks to thehigh frame rate of the IR camera, the time evolution of the heat flux distribution at the solid surface can be reconstructed. A comparison of IR and 2cLIF techniques enable to correlate the heating of the liquid with the cooling ofthe wall. This reveals that most of the heat removed from the solid surface is devoted to the heating of the liquid,the energy used for liquid vaporization being significantly lower.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4636

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eupholidoptera tasheliensis Ciplak 1999

Eupholidoptera tasheliensis Çıplak, 1999 (Figures 32, 77, 123, 169, 211, 239, Appendix) Eupholidoptera tasheliensis Çıplak, 1999: 75. Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Antalya, Gazipaşa, Sugözü, Maha Yaylası, Akçal Mevki, 1600 m, 5.8.1996 (B. Çıplak) (NHM); paratypes 5M, 3F same data as holotype (AUZM, 1F in NHM). Material examined: Holotype and paratypes. Distribution: This species is known from the Tasheli Plateau in the north-east part of the Antalya province near the Mediterranean coast.

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bilateral histone deacetylase 1 and 2 activity and enrichment at unique genes following induction of long‐term potentiation in vivo

Abstract Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic plasticity mechanism critical to long‐term memory. LTP induced in vivo is characterized by altered transcriptional activity, including a period of upregulation of gene expression which is followed by a later dominant downregulation. This temporal shift to downregulated gene expression is predicted to be partly mediated by epigenetic inhibitors of gene expression, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). Further, pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC activity have previously been shown to enhance LTP persistence in vitro. To explore the contribution of HDACs to the persistence of LTP in vivo, we examined HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity over a 24 hr period following unilateral LTP induction in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Surprisingly, we found significant changes in HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity in both the stimulated as well as the unstimulated hemispheres, with the largest increase in activity occurring bilaterally, 20 min after LTP stimulation. During this time point of heightened activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC2 were enriched at distinct sets of genes within each hemispheres. Further, the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A enhanced an intermediate phase of LTP lasting days, which has not previously been associated with altered transcription. The inhibitor had no effect on the persistence of LTP lasting weeks. Together, these data suggest that HDAC activity early after the induction of LTP may negatively regulate plasticity‐related gene expression that is involved in the initial stabilization of LTP, but not its long‐term maintenance.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MEDIA DAN TAFSIR MASKULINITAS: SUATU TINJAUAN ATAS CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

Masculinity is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. They examine causes, patterns of change, and impacts. This article attempts to understand masculinity in the perspective of cultural imperialism. Through the perspective of cultural imperialism, we find evidence that masculinity is not born from the womb of the local community's culture, but rather as a result of the practice of colonialism and imperialism. In the era of media globalization, cultural imperialism places more emphasis on the psychological aspect where advertisements and television shows set a new standard of masculinity for men. This paper will discuss the influence of cultural imperialism and media hegemony on the construction of masculinity in society.

Topic: Education, Sociology, Communication Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque with an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade (London, William Heinemann and Liverpool, Edward Howell), excerpt comprising papers relating to Old Calabar, 1767-83

This classic contribution to Liverpool's maritime history was originally published in 1897 (London, William Heinemann and Liverpool, Edward Howell) and reprinted in 1966 (London, Frank Cass). Williams included incidentally a number of contemporary documents relating to the slave trade. Those reproduced here were taken from papers in the possession of the Liverpool slave merchant Ambrose Luce, and comprise various items of correspondence received by the latter between 1776-83. The most interesting of these are letters written by African merchants in Old Calabar, in modern Nigeria: Grandy King George, Robin John Otto and Ephraim Ephraim Robin John, all leading merchant-chiefs of the 'Old Town' section of Old Calabar. Luce had himself captained a slave-trading voyage to Old Calabar in 1767, to which reference is made in these documents, but thereafter he seems to have stayed in Liverpool, but continued to be involved in the organisation of slaving voyages to Old Calabar, in connection with which he corresponded with his business partners in the town. The value of such material, as illuminating the perceptions and attitudes of African coastal merchants involved in die slave trade, is widely recognised; in particular, all the surviving Old Calabar letters which have been traced, including those preserved by Williams, are collected together, with explanatory commentary, by Paul E. Lovejoy and David Richardson, 'Letters of the Old Calabar Slave Trade, 1760-1789' in Vincent Carreta and Philip Gould (eds), Genius in Bondage: Literature of the Early Black Atlantic (Louisville, University of Kentucky Press, 2001), pp. 89-115.

Topic: Colonialism, slavery, and trade
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Attitudes towards Exercise Behaviour, Use of Sports Apps and COVID-19 on Intentions to Exercise

The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019 disrupted the normal order of life and work, and the virus is still a major threat prevailing the globe. Confronted with the unknown virus, citizens have been following government policies of COVID-19 treatment and containment, and actively improving their immunity through physical activity (PA). This paper is concerned with ways to guide or promote people’s willingness to exercise, one of the most effective means to boost immunity. Based on the “attitude–intention” correlation defined in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study, by synchronizing online data about workouts, explores the influence of people’s attitudes towards PA behaviour in promoting their intentions to engage in such behaviours as a means to fight the pandemic. In addition, the attitudes towards the use of sports apps and the epidemic are also reckoned with to investigate influencing factors promoting physical activity during the lockdown. The results of the study have been derived from the data of 1223 valid questionnaires, which are subjected to hierarchical regression analysis. Attitudes towards exercise and the use of sports apps are proven to have a significant impact on PA intentions, and the two variables are in direct proportion, with more positive attitudes leading to higher intentions; in contrast, attitudes towards the epidemic do not exhibit an obvious effect. In this light, it is advisable that when clinicians treat COVID-19 patients and medical departments respond to the epidemic, they actively make affirmative influences on peoples’ attitudes towards exercise and formulate appropriate exercise plans based on indicators detected and recorded by sports apps such as vital capacity, heart rate, respiratory index and self-perceived intensity to help them face the risk of the epidemic with more confidence.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Do extraverts process social stimuli differently from introverts?

The personality trait of extraversion has been linked to the network of brain systems controlling sensitivity to cues of reward and generating approach behavior in response, but little is known about whether extraverts' neural circuits are especially sensitive to social stimuli, given their preference for social engagement. Utilizing event-related potential (ERP) methodology, this study demonstrates that variation on the extraversion dimension is associated with the extent to which social stimuli evoke enhanced allocation of attention. Specifically, higher scores on extraversion were found to be associated with higher amplitudes of the P300 component of the ERPs elicited by human faces. This finding suggests that social stimuli carry enhanced motivational significance for individuals characterized by high extraversion, and that individual differences in personality are related to meaningful individual differences in neural responses to social stimuli.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Essential Characteristics of Sodium Starch Glycolate Tablets

Abstract Immediate onset of action in a lot of cases is extensively used than ordinary therapy, however; produce tablets with acceptable features as tensile strength, suitable with acceptable industrial limits, reduced ordered unit segregation tendency, and rapidly or appropriate disintegration time, is a classic problem. Use disintegrant is considered one of corner stone to achieve pharmaceutical tablets that meet requirements of recommended tablet formulation in the markets. Sodium Starch Glycolate as an elastic material (super disintegrant) is the component of compacted tablets by direct compression in current work. Uniaxial compaction process was implemented by utilizing a universal testing machine. The tablets were compacted under applied load ranging from 75 to 375 MPa. A 13 mm diameter cylindrical die was used to characterize the compression behaviour of the 1.0 ± 0.01 g of material. Number of the evidences from this study is, the tabletted powder characteristics and the volume-pressure measurements relationship were investigated. The recommended tablet formulations were evaluated by using elastic relaxation, indirect tensile strength, friability, and disintegration tests. Applying load higher than 150 Mpa produces compacts with a longer disintegration time, low elastic relaxation, in addition to tensile strength and friability percentage identical to recommended tablets formulation in the markets.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract TP367: Role of STAT1 and type I interferon signaling in ischemic preconditioning-induced microglial responses

Background: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust protective phenomenon in which a brief ischemic exposure confers tolerance against a subsequent prolonged ischemic challenge. Elucidating the mechanisms of IPC is a critical challenge in the stroke field. Innate immune pathways, particularly type I interferon (IFN) signaling, in microglia are critical in establishing protection in both grey and white matter. Our previous studies demonstrated that type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1) in microglia is required for both IPC-induced axonal protection and interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression. We also showed that exposure of primary microglia to either IFN-beta or ischemia/reperfusion-like conditions results in phosphorylation of STAT1, a key signaling kinase downstream of IFNAR1. Therefore, we hypothesized that STAT1 is a critical mediator of the microglial response to IPC. Here we report the impact of systemic STAT1 knock-out on microglial responses after IPC. Methods: We performed a transient (15 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion on 4 wild-type (WT) and 4 Stat1 -/- mice and collected tissue 72 hours later. We processed tissue for single nucleus RNA-sequencing using 10X Genomics kits. We captured ~10,000 nuclei per sample and sequenced at a depth of 25,000 reads. We performed comparative analysis between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to identify focal changes in microglial subpopulations and gene expression due to IPC. We performed immunofluorescent microscopy and quantitative stereology to validate IPC-induced changes in microglial number/morphology and expression of ISG protein products such as IFITM3. Results: We describe global in vivo transcriptomic changes in microglial subpopulations after IPC and found that STAT1-deficiency alters both the distribution of microglial subpopulations and cluster-specific transcriptional profiles. We identify and define an interferon responsive microglial cluster induced by IPC that is dependent on STAT1. We also provide data demonstrating how ischemia/reperfusion and innate immune signaling affect STAT1 phosphorylation signaling dynamics in microglia in vitro. We show that phosphorylation is dependent on both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and IFNAR1. Conclusions: Our results support a central role for STAT1 in mediating microglial phenotype in vivo following IPC. Our findings indicate that STAT1 is an important regulator of microglial type I IFN signaling in the context of ischemia.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Simultaneous Determination of Picroside I and II Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Rhizoma Picrorhizae is the dried rhizomes of Picrorhiza scrophulariaeflora Pennelland has been used in Chinese medicine for treating fever, liver disorders and jaundice for over a thousand years.The objectives of this research were to determine whether the different regions could result in different quality by determining the content of picroside I and II in different samples.A modified HPLC method using a diode array detector (DAD) has been developed and ten samples of P. scrophulariaeflora from eight different regions were evaluated.The results showed that the samples collected from Yunnan in the content of picroside II are higher but lower in the content of picroside I, comparing with the samples collected from Tibet.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biotransformation of Tributyltin chloride by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain DN2

A bacterial isolate capable of utilizing tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) as sole carbon source was isolated from estuarine sediments of west coast of India and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri based on bio-chemical tests and Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. This isolate was designated as strain DN2. Although this bacterial isolate could resist up to 3 mM TBTCl level, it showed maximum growth at 2 mM TBTCl in mineral salt medium (MSM). Pseudomonas stutzeri DN2 exposed to 2 mM TBTCl revealed significant alteration in cell morphology as elongation and shrinkage in cell size along with roughness of cell surface. FTIR and NMR analysis of TBTCl degradation product ex-tracted using chloroform and purified using column chromatography clearly revealed biotrans-formation of TBTCl into Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTCl2) through debutylation process. Therefore, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain DN2 may be used as a potential bacterial strain for bioremediation of TBTCl contaminated aquatic environmental sites.

Topic: Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cloud computing adoption and usage in community colleges

Cloud computing is gaining popularity in higher education settings, but the costs and benefits of this tool have gone largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that lead to technology adoption in a higher education setting. Specifically, we examined a range of predictors and outcomes relating to the acceptance of a cloud computing platform in rural and urban community colleges. Drawing from the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) (Venkatesh, V. and Bala, H., 2008. Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39 (2), 273–315), we build on the literature by examining both the actual usage and future intentions; further, we test the direct and indirect effects of a range of predictors on these outcomes. Approximately 750 community college students enrolled in basic computing skills courses participated in this study; findings demonstrated that background characteristics such as the student's ability to travel to campus had influenced the usefulness perceptions, while ease of use was largely determined by first-hand experiences with the platform, and instructor support. We offer recommendations for community college administrators and others who seek to incorporate cloud computing in higher education settings.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of registered childhood tuberculosis cases in the North-Western Region of Russia when introducing a tuberculosis diagnosis complex using diaskintest and multislice spiral computed tomography

The paper analyzes changes in the pattern of clinical forms of registered tuberculosis cases, in the proportion of detected complications and phases of the specific process in children in 2007 to 2012. The findings were compared with registered morbidity rates and changes in the set of performed examinations [introduction of diaskintest (DST) and computed tomography (CT)] in 5 areas of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation. There was a rise in the notified number of children with tuberculosis in some areas and a decline in the others, which is due to different frequencies to use DST and CT in the diagnostic complex. The wide introduction of CT may be a cause of more frequent detection of the specific process in the phase of involution and calcification because standard radiographic techniques used in the early stages of the specific process fail to diagnose these changes. The findings suggest the untimely detection of the disease and necessitate an improvement in the screening of children for the early manifestations of tuberculosis infection.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Subcortical lesions impact confrontation naming in bilinguals with later age of acquisition: An exploratory study

The bilingual experience is believed to impact brain development and, possibly, cognitive performance. Subcortical structures, including the striatum and white matter, are believed related to confrontation naming performance among bilingual individuals with later age of acquisition (AoA) and lower proficiency of a second language (L2). However, these findings are primarily derived from healthy adult samples, although there is clinical significance for the interpretation of naming performance. The present study examined whether striatal and white matter lesions were associated with naming tasks in clinic-referred bilingual veterans (<i>n</i> = 29) and whether L2 AoA moderated this relationship. Clinically rated lesions, without regard for AoA, were not consistently correlated with naming performance. Moderation models (lesion × AoA) were significant across naming tasks (i.e., naming scores were negatively correlated with striatal lesions with increasing AoA). Effect sizes were higher among striatal models as compared to white matter models. Results extend prior neuroimaging findings with healthy bilinguals that AoA moderates the relationship between subcortical lesions and naming performance in bilingual patients, and suggests that clinicians should consider specifics of bilingual experience when interpreting test scores.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
High-Linearity 19-dB Power Amplifier for 140–220 GHz, Saturated at 15 dBm, in 130-nm SiGe

This letter presents an integrated power amplifier (PA), with high linearity and efficiency, which uses a passive four-way power distribution network to increase the maximum output levels. The gain unit consists of a differential preamplifier and power stage, interfaced by passive baluns at the input and output. The circuit is intended for ultrawideband mm-wave communication systems operating around 180 GHz. It exhibits a gain of 19 dB, with low ripple and group delay variation, over a large bandwidth of 80 GHz. The 1-dB compression point and the saturated output power occur around 13 and 15 dBm, respectively. The maximum dc power consumption is 830 mW and results in a power-added efficiency of up to 3.5%. The final chip occupies an area of 0.92 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and is implemented in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process, which offers a maximum oscillation frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 450 GHz. To the best of authors' knowledge, this circuit demonstrates one of the largest bandwidths, in combination with the highest output power and best linearity, of any silicon-based PA operating above 200 GHz.

Topic: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sulfation patterns of glycosaminoglycans encode molecular recognition and activity.

Although glycosaminoglycans contribute to diverse physiological processes, an understanding of their molecular mechanisms has been hampered by the inability to access homogeneous glycosaminoglycan structures. Here, we assembled well-defined chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides using a convergent, synthetic approach that permits installation of sulfate groups at precise positions along the carbohydrate backbone. Using these defined structures, we demonstrate that specific sulfation motifs function as molecular recognition elements for growth factors and modulate neuronal growth. These results provide both fundamental insights into the role of sulfation and direct evidence for a 'sulfation code' whereby glycosaminoglycans encode functional information in a sequence-specific manner analogous to that of DNA, RNA and proteins. PMID: 16878128 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS045061

Topic: Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences