jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Natural Products from Microalgae with Potential against Alzheimer’s Disease: Sulfolipids Are Potent Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors

In recent years, many new enzymes, like glutaminyl cyclase (QC), could be associated with pathophysiological processes and represent targets for many diseases, so that enzyme-inhibiting properties of natural substances are becoming increasingly important. In different studies, the pathophysiology connection of QC to various diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was described. Algae are known for the ability to synthesize complex and highly-diverse compounds with specific enzyme inhibition properties. Therefore, we screened different algae species for the presence of QC inhibiting metabolites using a new “Reverse Metabolomics” technique including an Activity-correlation Analysis (AcorA), which is based on the correlation of bioactivities to mass spectral data with the aid of mathematic informatics deconvolution. Thus, three QC inhibiting compounds from microalgae belonging to the family of sulfolipids were identified. The compounds showed a QC inhibition of 81% and 76% at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL and 0.025 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, for the first time, sulfolipids are identified as QC inhibiting compounds and possess substructures with the required pharmacophore qualities. They represent a new lead structure for QC inhibitors.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Availability of funds for community and migrant health activities--HRA. Notice.

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is announcing: (1) The availability of approximately $400 million for community health (CH) activities and approximately $45 million for migrant health (MH) activities funded under sections 330 and 329 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254c and 254b) respectively; (2) within the aforementioned funding, the availability of up to $12 million, targeted to high need areas, for new starts and new expansion activities; (3) within the $400 million, the availability of up to $3 million for grants to provide technical and other non-financial assistance under section 330(f)(1) of the Act; and (4) the criteria that will be used in evaluating applications in FY 1988.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Antioxidant Property of an Ethanol Extract of the Stem of <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> var. <i>Saboten</i>

An ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFS) was assessed to determine the mechanism(s) of its antioxidant activity. The ethanol extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation in a thiocyanate assay system. In addition, the OFS extract showed dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals, superoxide anions (O(2)(*-)), and hydroxyl radicals (*OH), using different assay systems. The OFS ethanol extract was also found to be effective in protecting plasmid DNA against the strand breakage induced by hydroxyl radicals in a Fenton's reaction mixture. Furthermore, the extract showed significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent protection of mouse splenocytes against glucose oxidase-mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, the OFS extract was characterized as containing a high amount of phenolics (180.3 mg/g), which might be the active compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the OFS extract.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Research and development round-up: April 2009

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of head-to-head comparisons of single and combination pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation reveals that combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is more effective in helping smokers to achieve initial cessation and maintained abstinence rates than monotherapy NRT. ‘Th ere is very little direct evidence of the relative efficacy of different pharmacotherapies and very little head-to-head comparison within a particular study. And without that information, it is hard for clinicians and smokers to select between the different treatments,’ said lead study author Megan Piper.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ulnar Neuropathy Around the Mid-Arm Combined with Martin-Gruber Anastomosis

This study reports a rare case of ulnar neuropathy around the arm with Martin-Gruber anastomosis of a moderate conduction block in the forearm segment and a severe conduction block in the arm segment. Inching tests and ultrasonography showed a lesion between 12 and 14 cm from the medial epicondyle. It is concluded that axilla stimulation may provide diagnostic clues, and inching tests and ultrasonography may be helpful for localizing a lesion.

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Construction of a Predictive Model for MLB Matches

The main purpose of this article was to define a model that could defeat the online bookmakers’ odds, where the betting item considered was the first five innings of major league baseball (MLB) matches. The betting odds of online bookmakers have two purposes: first, they are used to quantify the amount of profit made by the bettors; second, they are regarded as a market equilibrium point between multiple bookmakers and bettors. If the bettors have a more accurate prediction model than the system used to produce betting odds, it will create a positive expected return for the bettors. In this article, we used the Markov process method and the runner advancement model to estimate the expected runs in an MLB match for the teams based on the batting lineup and the pitcher.

Topic: Sports Analytics and Performance
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Lightweight Cryptography for Resource Constraint Devices: Challenges and Recommendation

In the recent few years, data communication through the Internet of Things (IoT) network is increased exponentially. However, the data is prone to several attacks on the network. The most popular attacks are eavesdropping, replay, man-in-the-middle attack, etc. To prevent these attacks, cryptography algorithms are used. The devices are deployed in the IoT network are resource constraint, limited memory, and low battery life. Therefore, the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) recommended the lightweight cryptography algorithm to provide security in these devices. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent lightweight cryptography algorithms. Next, it defines the open research challenges and recommendations based on the literature review.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Insecticidal Control Plot Tests for Pea Aphids in Relation to Alfalfa Hay Yields1

Journal Article Insecticidal Control Plot Tests for Pea Aphids in Relation to Alfalfa Hay Yields Get access W. W. Franklin W. W. Franklin Fort Hays Branch, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 46, Issue 3, 1 June 1953, Pages 462–467, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/46.3.462 Published: 01 June 1953

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 1 of The efficacy of clopidogrel in preventing recurrent cardiovascular events among Arab population carrying different CYP2C19 mutations: systematic review and meta-analysis

Additional file1. Figure S1: Risk of bias among included studies regarding adequate case definition, consecutive representativeness of cases, selection of community controls, adequate control definition, ascertainment of exposure/independent blind assessment of outcome, comparability of cases and controls, ascertainment of cases and controls/adequacy of the follow-up period, and complete follow-up period/same response rate.

Topic: Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On Combinations of Random Loads

Structures are subject to changing loads from various sources. In many instances these loads fluctuate in time in an apparently random fashion. Certain loads vary rather slowly (called constant loads); other loads occur more nearly as impulses (shock loads). Suppose that the stress put on the structure by various loads acting simultaneously can be expressed as a linear combination of the load magnitudes. In this paper certain simple but somewhat realistic probabilistic load models are given and the resulting probabilistic model of the total stress on the structure caused by the loads is considered. The distribution of the first time until the stress on the structure exceeds a given level x, and the distribution of the maximum stress put on the structure during the time interval $( 0,t]$ are studied. Asymptotic properties are also given. It is shown that the asymptotic properties of the maximum stress are related to those of the maxima of a sequence of dependent random variables. Classical extreme value type results are derived under proper normalization.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis of ultra-high temperature metal carbides by atmospheric DC arc plasma processing

Ultra-refractory micropowder of the Hf-Ta-C system was synthesized using a DC atmospheric plasma electric arc discharge. The synthesis was carried out under the conditions of burning a DC arc discharge in an air environment due to the formation of a protective autonomous atmosphere from carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases. Hafnium and tantalum oxides and X-ray amorphous carbon were used as precursors. The main advantages of this method are simplicity of implementation, short time of the synthesis process, relatively low specific energy costs (less than 300 kJ / g), as well as the availability of equipment used for experiments. The results of studies have shown the possibility of synthesizing tantalum and hafnium carbides by the developed method. However, the product also contains phases of graphite and metal oxides, which is a disadvantage at this stage and a subject for further research.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Numerical Analysis of Laser Heating for Laser Assisted Micro Milling Application

The promising processing techniques of micro scale parts are very important in products miniaturization and functions enhancement. Combination of two or more processing techniques gives better processing performance especially when dealing with difficult-to-cut materials. For that reason, the combination of laser beam and micro milling process has been widely studied and proven efficient in reducing cutting force and tool life extension. However, this process needs a precise temperature control in order to eliminate heat effect generated by laser beam irradiation. In this study, temperature distributions are determined numerically to characterize the melted zone and heat affected zone geometry. From the results, the estimation of tool and micro milling cutter distance together with the allowable depth of cut are determined.

Topic: Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Formation and growth mechanism of flake‐belt integrative Ag nanocrystals

Novel flake ‐ belt integrative silver (Ag) nanocrystals have been constructed for the first time by a facile one ‐ step reduction reaction. In the process, as a modulator, a trace amount of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt played an important role. According to the basic characterisation, a selective deposition and an epitaxial growth mechanism of the reduced Ag were used to explain the formation of the flake ‐ belt integrative structure. The high integration of a flake and belt in one particle is completely different from the stacked assembly of nanobelts and flakes. Interestingly, uniform Ag nanobelts were obtained by simply modulating experiments. This work provided a methodology to fabricate metal hierarchical nanoparticles and a new thinking on the growth of Ag nanocrystals.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prolonged Course of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Liver Involvement due to Sensitization to Amoxicillin and Paracetamol

The EuroSCAR group recently assigned paracetamol as “a drug of common use with no significant association” with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (1). However, some rare cases of AGEP in association with paracetamol intake have been reported (2–5). We report here the case of a patient for whom we have good evidence (i.e. by skin testing) that AGEP was elicited by a combination of amoxicillin and paracetamol and who showed unusual liver involvement and prolonged course of the disease.CASE REPORTA 48-year-old man with no history of psoriasis was treated with paracetamol because of otitis media. In ad-dition, amoxicillin was started 2 days later and within 3 more days he developed exanthema, which was progres-sive despite immediate cessation of both drugs on day 5 after start of drug therapy, hospital admission on day 6 and therapy with prednisolone-succinate (250 mg/day for 2 days). On day 7 he was referred to our university hospital with pustular suberythrodermic exanthema (Fig. 1a) and oral erosions. Histology from the trunk revealed slight acanthosis and subcorneal pustules filled with neutrophils (Fig. 1b). In the papillary dermis there was a mixed perivascular and interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Skin lesions were accompanied by fever > 39oC, leukocytosis (25/nl), neutrophilia (87%) and increased C-reactive protein level (CRP) (250 mg/l). On day 8, eosinophils and liver enzymes were within normal range, but gamma-gluta-myl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT

Topic: Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Theory of Analytic Band-Limited Signals Applied to Carrier Systems

The recently-developed concept of the "analytic signal," together with that of bandwidth-limited signals, is used to construct a general theory of amplitude modulation. The basic definition and properties of an "analytic signal" are reviewed with particular reference to band-limited signals. The "analytic signal" is a signal of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z(t) = x(t) + jy(t) = p(t)e^{j\varphi(t)}</tex> where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x(t)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y(t)</tex> have the same norms, are orthogonal and related to one another by the Hilbert transform, and where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p(t) = \sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}</tex> defines an envelope function while <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\varphi(t) = \tan^{-1}y(t)/x(t)</tex> defines a phase function whose rate of change determines an instantaneous frequency. The Fourier transform <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z(\omega)</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z(t)</tex> is identically zero for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\omega &lt; 0</tex> . The theory of amplitude modulation based on the band-limited analytic signal is used to define clearly the properties of single-sideband transmission systems. The problem of amplifier overloading in multiplex single-sideband transmission is referred to and some comparisons are drawn between the amplitude probability distributions of the envelopes of double and single-sideband transmission of random signals. It is suggested that the concept of the analytic bandwidth-limited signal may facilitate the development of a general theory of frequency modulation.

Topic: Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Benefit and value of Li-Ion batteries in combination with largescale IRES : The case of solar PV in India and wind power in Sweden

Li-ion batteries have demonstrated to be a very flexible source with energystorage capability. Due to their scalability and wide range of power and energydensities, they are suitable for several ap ...

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some Researches on the Effects of Fluorescent Lamp Lighting to the Ophthalmic Organ

As regards to 2, 452 employees in four bank offices and two department stores equipped with fluorescent lamp lighting, often investigating their ophthalmic complaints about the fluorescent lamp lighting as well as the realistic conditions of lighting, the present author has researched the correlation between them and concluded as follows:a.) Persons that replied the fluorescent lamp lighting to be good for eyes are 8.6% of the total, bad 8.1% and non-committal 82.7%.b.) The ophthalmic complaints may be classified as follows: eye strain.(28.7%), glare.(15.1%), eye secration.(11.9%), eye pain.(11.3%), weakning of the visibility.(10.9%), hyperemia of the eye.(10.7%), overflow of tears.(6.3%), fluorescent lamp lighting to be bad.(5.0%)c.) Those, who have at least one of the above mentioned complaints, are 55.7%. This percentage is by far larger in the females than in the males, that is, 63.8% versus 48.6%.d-) Those having eye complaints are found more frequent among the younger peoples than the older, than 30 years.e.) For the persons having been working under the fluorescent lamp lighting during longer period, the frequency of eye complaints never diminishes, that is, any training effect to fluorescent lamps can not be found.f.) The eye complaints appear more in such cases that the illumination level due to the general lighting and one due to the local lighting differ greatly to each other, that brighter point of luminaire comes into the visual field of the employee, and so on, that is, generally speaking, in the cases in which the quality of lighting is rather poor.g.) The illumination level at the eye has no effect on the ophthalunic complaint.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Mistuned Higher-Order Mode Forced Response of an Embedded Compressor Rotor: Part II — Mistuned Forced Response Prediction

This paper is the second part of a two-part paper that presents a comprehensive study of the higher-order mode mistuned forced response of an embedded rotor blisk in a multi-stage axial research compressor. The resonant response of the second-stage rotor (R2) in its first chordwise bending (1CWB) mode due to the second harmonic of the periodic passing of its neighboring stators (S1 and S2) is investigated computationally and experimentally at three steady loading conditions in the Purdue Three-Stage Compressor Research Facility. A Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement System (NSMS, or blade tip-timing) is used to measure the blade vibration. Two reduced-order mistuning models of different levels of fidelity are used, namely the Fundamental Mistuning Model (FMM) and the Component Mode Mistuning (CMM), to predict the response. Although several modes in the 1CWB modal family appear in frequency veering and high modal density regions, they do not heavily participate in the response such that very similar results are produced by the FMM and the CMM models of different sizes. A significant response amplification factor of 1.5∼2.0 is both measured and predicted, which is on the same order of magnitude of what was commonly reported for low-frequency modes. This amplification is also a strong, non-monotonic function of the steady loading. Moreover, on average, the mistuned blades respond at an amplitude only approximately 40% that of the tuned, much lower than what was commonly reported (75∼80%). This is due to the very low level of structural coupling associated with the 1CWB family of the rotor blisk. In this study, a very good agreement between predictions and measurements is achieved for the deterministic analysis. This is complemented by a sensitivity analysis which shows that the mistuned system is highly sensitive to the discrepancies in the experimentally determined blade frequency mistuning.

Topic: Bladed Disk Vibration Dynamics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Nonsuckling Interval and Duration of Suckling on the Suckling-Induced Fall in Pituitary Prolactin Concentration in the Rat

Two and 30 min of suckling by 6 pups following 8 hr of nonsuckling on postpartum day 7 induced equivalent falls in pituitary prolactin concentration in the lactating rat. Neither 2 nor 30 min of suckling by 6 pups induced a fall in the pituitary prolactin concentration if the mothers were previously nonsuckled for 16 hr. Increasing the number of pups to 9 at the time of suckling likewise was ineffective. Milk ejection, however, was normal in all rats after 16 hr of nonnursing. Normal reductions in pituitary prolactin concentration in response to 30 min of suckling by 6 pups occurred providing either 1 or 2 short periods of suckling stimulation (5 or 30 min) were provided to the mammary glands during the first 8 hr of the 16-hr isolation period. These data suggest that in the rat the mechanism involved in prolactin release in response to suckling operates efficiently only if the sucking stimulus is applied periodically and at short intervals. (Endocrinology81: 449,1967)

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paternalistic or Participatory Governance? Examining Opportunities for Client Participation in Nonprofit Social Service Organizations

Nonprofits represent a substantial group of third‐party agents that deliver public services, yet little is known about the extent to which these organizations embrace participatory governance practices. Using survey data from nonprofit social service agencies in Michigan, the author examines how these organizations provide opportunities for client participation and identifies factors that contribute to these practices. Four methods of securing client involvement are examined: participation in agency work groups, client feedback surveys, advisory boards and committees, and client service on the agency board of directors. The results indicate that government funding plays a systematic role in promoting these activities within nonprofits. These findings carry important implications for the government–nonprofit contract relationship by demonstrating that government funding shapes the practices of nonprofits in ways that promote democratic governance.

Topic: Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences