jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Solubility Enhancement of Budesonide and Statistical Optimization of Coating Variables for Targeted Drug Delivery

The purpose of the research was to present Budesonide (BUD) as a novel formulation showing improved aqueous solubility, which may decrease variability in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>max</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>max</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and drug targeting to colon. To improve aqueous solubility, solid dispersion (SD) of the BUD with poloxamer 188 was prepared by melting method. Physical characterization of solid dispersion was performed. The SD was used to prepare tablet equivalent to 9 mg of BUD. The tablet was coated with enteric polymers Eudragit S100 and Eudragit L100 to target colon. The ratio of polymers and percentage coating was optimized using statistical design. Variables studied in design were ratio of enteric polymers and the effect of percentage coating on in vitro drug release. Dissolution at different pH showed that drug release in colon could be modified by optimizing the ratio of polymers and percentage coating. The dissolution data showed that the percentage coating and ratio of polymers are very important to get lag time and optimum formulation. The optimized batch from statistical design was kept under accelerated condition for three months. After accelerated stability study, there was no significant change in the drug release.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimal m-ary data fusion with distributed sensors

An optimal data fusion rule is derived for an m-ary detection problem. Each detector determines a local decision using a local decision rule and transmits the local decision to the fusion center. Considering the reliability of local detectors, local decisions are combined to produce the final decision. In this study, based upon the maximum posterior probability concept, optimal decision rules for m-ary detection problems are proposed for the local detector and the data fusion center.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Isometrically Resolved Reflection-Mode <i>In Vivo</i> Photoacoustic Microscopy Enabled by an Integrated Ultrasonic-Optical Sensor

Photoacoustic microscopy often faces challenges in direct measurement of broadband photoacoustic waves due to the use of narrow-bandwidth and optical opaque ultrasonic transducers, which compromises the depth localization accuracy in photoacoustic volumetric imaging. To overcome these challenges, we propose an Integrated Ultrasonic-Optical Sensor (IUOS) that seamlessly integrates excitation laser transmission and ultrasonic detection within a single device. Employing a nearly common-path Michelson interferometer configuration, the IUOS transduces photoacoustic pressure transients into time-varying polarization states of the reflected beam, achieving an impressive sensitivity of approximately 127 Pa over a broad bandwidth of 158 MHz at -6 dB. Furthermore, the sensor allows nearly lossless transmission for the excitation laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. When integrated into an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope (OR-PAM), it allows for reflection-mode volumetric imaging with enhanced axial resolution. Notably, the sensor has successfully achieved label-free volumetric visualization of zebrafish <i>in vivo</i> with greatly improved depth localization accuracy, highlighting its considerable potential to advance biomedical photoacoustic research.

Topic: Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Site-disorder driven superconductor-insulator transition: A dynamical mean field study

We investigate the effect of site-disorder on the superconducting (SC) state in the attractive Hubbard model within the framework of dynamical mean field theory. For a fixed interaction strength ($U$), the SC order parameter (OP) decreases monotonically with increasing disorder ($x$), while the single-particle spectral gap (SG) decreases for small $x$, reaches a minimum and keeps increasing for larger $x$. Thus, the system remains gapped beyond the destruction of the superconducting state, indicating a disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition. We investigate this transition in depth considering the effects of weak and strong disorder for a range of interaction strengths. In the clean case, the order-parameter is known to increase monotonically with increasing interaction, saturating at a finite value asymptotically for $U\rightarrow \infty$. The presence of disorder results in destruction of superconductivity at large $U$, thus drastically modifying the clean case behaviour. A physical understanding of our findings is obtained by invoking particle-hole asymmetry and the probability distributions of the order parameter and spectral gap.

Topic: TGF-β signaling in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of clinical features and surgery treatment of 7 cases of primary liver sarcomatoid carcinoma

Objective: To explore the clinical and pathological features of primary liver sarcomatoid carcinoma and to discuss its diagnosis, the operative method and prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 7 patients with pathologically proven sarcomatoid carcinoma of the liver were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital from February 2004. Results: Three cases showed right upper abdomen pain, abdomen distension in 1 case, 1 case of anorexia and fatigue, 2 cases were asymptomatic. The CT appearances of sarcomatoid carcinoma had both characteristics of hepatic cancer and carcinoma CT signs could show malignant characlteristics of lesion.Varied degrees of contrast enhancement could be visualized. All the patients were undergone surgery. The tumor was composition with cancer and sarcoma-like areas, and the tumor cells of sarcomatoid areas were very complex.Immunohistochemical positive for CK(7), EMA(5), MSA(1), CK7(2), Hep Par-1(3) and Vimentin(6), DES(1). The length of follow-up ranged from 17 days to 35 months during which time 2 patients with disease free, 2 survived as tumer carriers and 3 patients died. Conclusion: Liver sarcomatoid carcinoma is a kind of extremely rare malignant tumor, with untypical clinical symptoms, non-specific imaging feature, tumor cells with complex and diverse pathological features, diagnosed according to immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection is the main treatment, insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,with worse prognosis.

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Newlander-Nirenberg theorem for complex $b$-manifolds

Melrose defined the $b$-tangent bundle of a smooth manifold $M$ with boundary as the vector bundle whose sections are vector fields on $M$ tangent to the boundary. Mendoza defined a complex $b$-manifold as a manifold with boundary together with an involutive splitting of the complexified $b$-tangent bundle into complex conjugate factors. In this article, we prove complex $b$-manifolds have a single local model depending only on dimension. This can be thought of as the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem for complex $b$-manifolds: there are no ``local invariants''. Our proof uses Mendoza's existing result that complex $b$-manifolds do not have ``formal local invariants'' and a singular coordinate change trick to leverage the classical Newlander-Nirenberg theorem.

Topic: Geometry and complex manifolds
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
DISCUSSION. AXISYMMETRIC ELASTO-PLASTIC FLEXURE OF CIRCULAR PLATES IN THE LARGE DEFLEXION REGIME.

Keywords BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY AXISYMMETRIC, ELASTOPLASTIC, FLEXURE, CIRCULAR, PLATES, DEFLECTION, REGIMES, DYNAMICS, RELAXATION, EQUATIONS, DAMPING, CONSTANTS, LOADS, FACTORS... Show All

Topic: Contact Mechanics and Variational Inequalities
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Response Meter for Welder's Glass with Active Filter

In order to provide criteria for the product standard of newly developed welder's glass with active filter, the properties of welding arc and response characteristics of welder's glass with active filter were studied. The key techniques of simulation of welding arc, detection of arc signal, and detection of time signal were solved. The test system for response characteristics was developed, and the real time detection was made. Sealed dark box structure was used in this portable response meter, in which either alternative or direct current arc signals could be simulated. The light signals of 10 -1 ～10 4 lx could be detected with linear relationship. The whole variation process of the incidence / transmittance ratio of visible light of the active filter under the action of are could be detected. The maximum sampling frequency was 30 kHz to assure the precision of the measurement. It was able to record and calculate according to response time definition. The testing interface was rather adaptable.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prehistoric Plant Use at Beaver Creek Rock Shelter, Southwestern Montana, U.S.A.

The 2011 Carroll College Archaeological Field School conducted an exploratory excavation within the Beaver Creek Rock Shelter in southwestern Montana, U.S.A. The excavation exposed four cultural occupation layers dat-ing to over 2,500 years ago. Pollen retrieved from the pa-leoenvironmental record included a wide variety of plants. Seven plant families were found in three of the occupa-tion layers and in only one natural layer. This research reviewed the traditional Native American ethnobotanical uses of those seven plant families. They were used pri-marily for medicinal purposes. Although archaeologists have traditionally viewed botanical remains as evidence of prehistoric subsistence, this research demonstrates ar-chaeologists' need to use caution in assuming plant re-mains in the archaeological record are predominately tied to subsistence.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pulsed Plasmas for Sputtering Applications

Pulsed plasmas for sputtering applications have increased in popularity in the past few years. Recently, a new pulsed plasma technique has been introduced to the sputtering world. High power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) applies a very large power pulse (up to several megawatts) to the target in a short period of time, which results in a high degree of ionisation of the sputtered species. The ionised species can be used to improve the structure and properties of the deposited film. An experimental power supply was designed and built to learn more about HPPMS. It can produce pulses with peak powers of ≤3 MW with a pulse width of 100–150 μs. The repetition rate for the pulse is from single shot to 500 Hz, and the average delivered power is ≤20 kW. Evidence of the ionisation of the sputtered species is shown with time resolved optical spectroscopy of the plasma. The degree of ionisation is a function of the power. Deposition of very thin, very high density (2.7 g cm 3 ) carbon films by HPPMS is reported. An enabling feature of the power supply is that it can detect and suppress arcs. In addition, the pulsing power supply circuitry prevents the initiation of the arc state in normal operation. At the beginning of the pulse, it transitions directly from the glow to the highly ionised state without accessing the arc regime. SE/500

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Steady-State Cultures of Human Skin

Pretransplantation cultivation of adult human skin has been optimized for rapid and prolonged outgrowth of epidermal cells from tissue explants using automatic-perfusion, thin-layer culture technology (steady state). This system fostered growth of autologous mesenchymal elements via critical control of the culture environment. The resulting cellular outgrowth maintained a balanced epithelial–dermal relationship, contained keratinocytes as well as minority epidermal cells, melanocytes and possibly Langerhans cells. Critical control of culture pH and osmolarity was found to enhance epithelial cell proliferation.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
235 Nonlinear Waves in an Electromechanical System

Soliton is the nonlinear wave that has characteristics of not breaking even if they crash each other. So the property of soliton can be applied to various fields, such as optical fibers, DNA dynamics, and so on. In mechanical engineering field, however, there have been few applications of soliton so far. Therefore, using a coupled magnetic pendulum system as one example of a basic mechanical model, we carried out numerical analysis including nonlinear effect. As a result, we confirmed the appearance of soliton, and showed the pattern of soliton changes by parameters. Then, using the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation, we discussed the cause of this variety. We also carried out experiment and observed propagation of 'envelope' soliton.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
When Buyer‐Driven Knowledge Transfer Activities Really Work: A Motivation–Opportunity–Ability Perspective

While supplier development has become a prominent strategy, it has also been shown to not always be successful. We take a contingency perspective in the present research to investigate why this may be the case. Unlike most prior studies, we examine the issue from the viewpoint of the supplier as the recipient of buyer‐driven knowledge transfer, and assess factors that may attenuate or hamper its effect on the supplier's operational performance. We suggest, basing our arguments on the theoretical framework of motivation–opportunity–ability ( MOA ), that while buyer‐driven knowledge transfer activities provide an opportunity for enhancing the supplier's operational performance, the degree to which this opportunity is realized depends upon both the relative absorptive capacity ( ability ), as well as the supplier's trust in the buyer, and the supplier's innovativeness ( motivation ). Specifically, we theorize that the supplier's perceived overlapping knowledge and its perceived cognitive congruence with the buyer (reflective of the supplier's relative absorptive capacity) and the supplier's trust in the buyer serve as positive moderators, and the supplier's own innovativeness as a negative moderator. We assess these hypotheses within a unique context, namely that of small‐ and medium‐sized suppliers of large S outh K orean conglomerates (so‐called chaebols ), using hierarchical linear modeling. Our findings extend the academic literature in supplier development by providing insight into important contingencies influencing the effectiveness of buyer‐driven knowledge transfer activities for improved operational performance of suppliers, based on the MOA framework, and offer valuable lessons for practitioners in crafting more effective supplier development strategies.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Education Reforms in France

The objective of this article is to determine the incidences of immigration and globalization on the French educational values and reforms. To explore these two dimensions, it is necessary to give a historical perspective through the reforms since 1958 to the present and to specify the French educational values through a content analysis of the Extracurricular Educational Activities Act (1984), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and the two secularism charters (1883 and 2013). The study finds that the education reforms reveal a continuous back-and-forth movement between principles of openness and closeness to new audiences with immigrants and to liberal school policy with PISA and PIRLS results in the context of globalization. The article concludes with major implications: France, with the diversity of religions, reaffirmed the secularism principle in 2013 and got an attitude of closeness. France, with its long history of public service, also has an attitude of openness with liberal reforms issued from international evaluations.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nilpotency Indices of Symmetric Elements of Group Algebras

Let G be a group and let F be a field of characteristic different from 2. Denote by (FG)+ the set of symmetric elements and by U +(FG) the set of symmetric units of the group algebra FG, with respect to the canonical involution on FG sending each group element to its inverse. In this article, we give some lower and upper bounds on the Lie nilpotency index of (FG)+ and the nilpotency class of U +(FG); furthermore, we classify the groups for which these bounds are achieved.

Topic: Finite Group Theory Research
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functional groups of entomofauna associated to aquatic macrophytes in Correntoso river, Rio Negro sub-region, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i1.7822

This work aimed to study the structure of functional groups of entomofauna associated to aquatic macrophytes in Correntoso river, Rio Negro sub-region, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Six samples were taken in different seasonal periods; ebb, dry and wet. The organisms were collected using D net (300 m mesh), sweeping five times through the roots of macrophyte banks at each sample session. Three environments were compared (open, intermediary, close) using data from six collection sites, through which were analyzed absolute abundance, observed richness of families and the sampled specimens were also separated in functional groups. A total of 60 families from 12 orders of Insecta were registered, totaling 19,773 sampled insects. The largest number of families was categorized into predators functional group, with 34 families collected, followed by the collectors with 17, shredders-herbivores ten and scrapers eight.

Topic: Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Capital Adequacy in Insurance and Reinsurance

Abstract This chapter considers capital adequacy and capital regulation of insurers and reinsurers. A basic theme is that capital standards should be less stringent for financial sectors characterized by greater market discipline and less systemic risk. Because market discipline is greater and systemic risk is lower for insurance than in banking, capital requirements should be less stringent for insurers than for banks. Similarly, because market discipline is generally greater in reinsurance (wholesale) markets than in direct insurance (retail) markets, capital requirements and related regulation plausibly need not be as stringent for reinsurers as for direct insurers. Current capital requirements and related solvency regulation for US and EU insurers and reinsurers are largely consistent with significant market discipline in the insurance and reinsurance sectors. Any federal regulation of US insurers/reinsurers, harmonized regulation of EU reinsurers, consolidated oversight of financial conglomerates, and increased centralization of regulatory authority to supervise insurance and other financial activities should be designed with full recognition of the limited systemic risk and strong market discipline in insurance/reinsurance and avoid undermining that discipline.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Global production sharing and South‐South trade

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine patterns and determinants of trade among developing countries (South‐South trade), with emphasis on the role of production sharing in global economic integration of the Southern economies. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with an analytical narrative of the emerging trends and patterns of South‐South trade using a classification system that helps delineating trade based on global production sharing (network trade) from total recorded trade. Then it undertakes a comparative econometric analysis of the determinants of South‐South and South‐North trade using the standard gravity model. Findings The share of South‐South trade in world trade has shown a significant increase over the past two decades. This increase has predominantly come from the dynamic East Asian countries, reflecting their growing engagement in global production sharing. The growth dynamism of East‐Asia centered production networks depends heavily on demand for final (assembled) goods in the Northern markets; South‐South trade is largely complementary to, rather than competing with, South‐North trade. While regional trading agreements (RTAs) could play a role at the margin, natural economic forces associated with growth and structural change in the economy and the overall macroeconomic climate as reflected in the real exchange rate, and the quality of trade related logistics are far more important in the expansion of South‐South network trade. Originality/value This is the first study to examine patterns and determinants of South‐South trade paying attention to the role of global production sharing. The findings are valuable for informing the contemporary policy debate on promoting South‐South trade. The trade data classification system developed here is expected to help further research on this subject.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A New Target Tracking Algorithm for the Automatic Programmable Film Reader.

White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) has a requirement to accurately determine the position and pitch attitude (V-angle) of missiles with respect to fiducials in a frame of visual information. This requirement is to effect the 'boresight correction,' i.e., the correction in angle to the mount encoder information for elevation and azimuth where the camera and associated optics are accurately positioned relative to the encoders. Since manual film reading is both relatively slow and quite tedious, a method for automatic film reading that is at least as accurate and as fast as manual reading would be a significant development for WSMR. During the past several years, a great deal of effort has been expended by WSMR to develop such a film reader, the end result being the development of the Automatic Programmable Film Reader.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences