jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on the Cadmium in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay

Based on investigation dada on Cadmium (Cd) in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay in 1982, this paper analyzed the content, distribution and source of Cd. Results showed that The content of Cd in April, June, July and October in surface waters ranged from 0.11–0.53 µg.L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , 0.11–0.21 µg.L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , 0.12–0.52 µg.L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> and 0.32–0.53 µg.L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , respectively. Cd contents were meeting Grade I (1.00 µg.L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">–1</sup> ) in National Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097–1997), indicating that Jiaozhou Bay was not polluted by Cd in 1982. Cd contents were decreasing with flow direction of the major inflow river in the northeast, indicated that riverine dischaged was one of the major sources of Cd in Jiaozhou Bay.

Topic: Mercury impact and mitigation studies
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Alcohols from Aldehydes and Ferrocene Catalyzed by Lewis Acid.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Should Hypopharynx Cancer Continue to be Included in “Multi-Head and Neck” Trials within the RTOG?

Purpose/Objective(s): It is becoming increasingly evident that the behavior of cancers from different subsites of the head and neck varies greatly despite similar histologic appearance. As current head and neck trials are focusing more on a risk-based approach, it is unclear into which trials patients with hypopharyngeal primaries (HP) should be included. Thus, we undertook to examine whether patients with HP perform as well as oropharyngeal primaries (OP) in the definitive setting and whether HP perform as well as larynx primaries (LX) in the post-operative setting in the multi-institutional setting. American Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 52nd Annual Meeting October 31 - November 4, San Diego, CA

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Correspondence between Convergence Peaks from Weak Lensing and Massive Dark Matter Haloes

The convergence peaks, constructed from galaxy shape measurement in weak lensing, is a powerful probe of cosmology as the peaks can be connected with the underlined dark matter haloes. However the capability of convergence peak statistic is affected by the noise in galaxy shape measurement, signal to noise ratio as well as the contribution from the projected mass distribution from the large-scale structures along the line of sight (LOS). In this paper we use the ray-tracing simulation on a curved sky to investigate the correspondence between the convergence peak and the dark matter haloes at the LOS. We find that, in case of no noise and for source galaxies at $z_{\rm s}=1$, more than $65\%$ peaks with $\text{SNR} \geq 3$ (signal to noise ratio) are related to more than one massive haloes with mass larger than $10^{13} {\rm M}_{\odot}$. Those massive haloes contribute $87.2\%$ to high peaks ($\text{SNR} \geq 5$) with the remaining contributions are from the large-scale structures. On the other hand, the peaks distribution is skewed by the noise in galaxy shape measurement, especially for lower SNR peaks. In the noisy field where the shape noise is modelled as a Gaussian distribution, about $60\%$ high peaks ($\text{SNR} \geq 5$) are true peaks and the fraction decreases to $20\%$ for lower peaks ($ 3 \leq \text{SNR} &lt; 5$). Furthermore, we find that high peaks ($\text{SNR} \geq 5$) are dominated by very massive haloes larger than $10^{14} {\rm M}_{\odot}$.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Optimal Configuration Design Method for HTS-SMES Coils Taking Account of Thermal and Electromagnetic Characteristics

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes an optimal design method for SMES coils wound with high temperature superconducting tapes. Commonly, on the design stage of a SMES coil, its configuration is optimized to reduce the winding volume and the weight under taking into account the electromagnetic characteristics of high temperature superconducting tapes. The better configuration can be optimally designed to taken into account its thermal characteristics. So, we propose an optimal design method for SMES coils wound with Bi2223/Ag tape taking into account both electromagnetic and thermal characteristics. In this paper, the designs of 72 MJ toroidal SMES coil are investigated using the Simulated Annealing as an optimization method and the Finite Element Method as a thermal analysis method. </para>

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Outcomes in HIV-Infected Patients Enrolled in An Induction/Maintenance Randomized Trial

Objective To examine the effect of adherence to therapy on early virological response, later virological failure, and occurrence of adverse events in HIV-infected patients. Design A randomized trial of 3-month induction period of zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir followed by a maintenance phase of zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir, zidovudine/lamivudine or zidovudine/indinavir. Main outcomes Adherence was assessed by pill count. In the induction phase, early virological response was defined as plasma HIV-RNA&lt;500 copies/ml at month 2 and in the maintenance phase, virological failure was defined as plasma HIV-RNA &gt;500 copies/ml in two consecutive specimens. Results The median adherence rate was 97% in both induction ( n=366) and maintenance phase ( n=237). In the maintenance phase, pairwise comparisons showed a lower adherence rate in zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir versus zidovudine/lamivudine ( P=0.03), or versus zidovudine/indinavir ( P=0.05). Only 13% of patients had an adherence over the maintenance phase of 80% or lower, while 40% of patients occasionally had an adherence rate of 80% or lower during this phase. Among the 362 patients with documented HIV-RNA at month 2, 86% had an early virological response. Adherence of 80% or greater was the only variable statistically predictive to early virological response ( P&lt;0.001), while baseline CD4, baseline HIV-RNA, and adherence of 95% or greater were not associated to virological response. In the maintenance phase, adherence, baseline HIV-RNA, HIV-RNA at month 3 and treatment groups were independently predictive to time to virological failure. Analysis by randomized groups indicated that difficulty in adherence (&lt;80%) was predictive to time to failure ( P&lt;0.001) only in both indinavir-containing regimens. Occurrence of two or more severe adverse events (grade 3 and 4) was higher in patients with poor adherence although not statistically associated ( P=0.12), while no association was found with minor adverse events. Conclusion Adherence rate was globally lower in patients maintaining the original triple-drug therapy compared with those receiving less intensive regimens. Adherence rate was a time-dependent variable. Adherence to antiviral regimen of 80% or greater was predictive to early virological response, and adherence rate lower than 80% or 95% was predictive to virological failure, especially in indinavir-containing regimens. Occurrence of adverse events was not clearly associated to adherence.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Translocation of myelin basic protein mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires microtubules and kinesin

Myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA is localized to the myelin membranes of oligodendrocytes. When exogenous MBP mRNA is microinjected into oligodendrocytes in culture, it is transported along the processes and localized to the myelin compartment in a multistep intracellular RNA trafficking pathway. In the work described here, oligodendrocytes were treated with agents that affect the cytoskeleton including: nocodazole, to disrupt microtubules; taxol, to stabilize microtubules; cytochalasin, to disrupt microfilaments; and kinesin anti-sense oligonucleotide, to suppress kinesin expression. Digoxigenin-labeled MBP mRNA was microinjected into the treated cells and the extent of translocation of the microinjected RNA was determined by confocal microscopy. Nocodazole, taxol, and kinesin anti-sense oligonucleotide inhibited translocation of microinjected MBP mRNA, while cytochalasin B and kinesin sense oligonucleotide did not. These results indicate that translocation of MBP mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires intact microtubules and kinesin but does not require intact microfilaments. The results are discussed in relation to the current multistep model for intracellular RNA trafficking in oligodendrocytes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 38:318–328, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Paying for Cancer Care Under the Diagnosis-Related Group Reimbursement

To the Editor.— Drs Yarbro and Mortenson in their COMMENTARY in the Feb 1 issue of JAMA 1 have correctly identified a critical issue in the care of cancer patients. Unfortunately, they did not stress that many of those patients who are in formal clinical trials are there precisely because the conventional treatment has either already failed or shows little promise of being successful. If those patients cannot be treated either as members of the study population in a clinical trial or with that same treatment in some other context, they may very well receive no effective treatment at all. Dr Davis' 2 reply begs the issue. If she will merely take a look, for example, at the diagnosis-related groups' (DRGs) reimbursement for the treatment of acute leukemia, she must immediately recognize that no patient can receive any modern course of treatment with the aim of producing a complete remission without

Topic: Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Nd<sup>3+</sup> Doping on Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> Hexaferrite Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method

Magnetic and dielectric properties of hexagonal ferrites important for applications in microwave absorbers are strongly determined by the processing conditions.We studied dielectric and magnetic response of Sr1¡xNdxFe12O19 (x 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09) solid solutions obtained by coprecipitation method.The structure of the samples was controlled by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope images revealed that the powder is a mixture of small nanograins and crystallites of 500 nm-1 µm in size.Nd 3 doping was found to result in an increase in the coercive field which we would like to relate to the domain wall pinning.The doping-induced changes are monotonous with x up to 0.07.The observed dispersion of permittivity was found to be correlated with the frequency behaviour of electric conductivity of the samples.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
How To Shape Up Conservation-Led Regeneration Initiatives Regarding Community Needs?

the pressure of conservation-led regeneration strategies aiming to create exclusive and distinctive places for tourists, visitors, potential residents and service sector office workers, communities living in the deprived historic neighborhoods where poverty, unemployment and crime rates are very high, and where living conditions, education and health services are very poor have been forced to move out of these sites without being addressed their problems.Nevertheless, there are also cases shown as exceptional from these recent strategies, such as Fener and Balat (F&B), a historic housing quarter inhabited by poor immigrants and located in the historical peninsula of İstanbul some parts of which were inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.This paper examines the recent European Union (EU)-funded conservationled regeneration initiative to assess how far the scheme has met the needs, aspirations and values of the local community.The paper initially defines the concept of 'community needs', identifies the key issues of community needs in deprived historic neighborhoods and then, briefly mentions urban conservation and community-related policies in Turkey.Later, focusing on F&B, it introduces the case study area, defines the community needs in the mid-1990s, and then assesses the effectiveness or success of the recent regeneration project in serving the community needs.Finally, debating on the strengths and weaknesses of the scheme, the paper tries to highlight the necessary requirements to shape up conservation-led regeneration initiatives regarding community needs in deprived historic districts of Turkey.The case study of this research is based on the qualitative and quantitative data that were gathered from reports, newspaper cuttings, academic articles and researchers, census data of 1990, 1997 and 2000, in-depth interviews and direct observations.In-depth and focused interviews were conducted in 2006 with the key actors of the F&B regeneration initiative and other major stakeholders involved in the scheme.The interviews with the key actors of the project were carried out with the local authority

Topic: Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Área de campeo de Quirópteros en el término municipal de Carcaixent (Valencia): nuevas citas para el Atlas de los Mamíferos Terrestres.

The distribution of bats inhabiting Carcaixent (Valencia; 59 km2) was studied at a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Vocalizations were recorded over 5 minutes using an ultrasound detector in all squares. Five species were detected: common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus, Kuhl’s pipistrelle P. kuhlii, Savi’s bat Hypsugo savii and Schreiber’s bat Miniopterus schreibersii. Individuals of Plecotus sp. and Myotis sp. were also detected, although we could not identify the species with the detectors used. The present study extends the distribution area of all these species in Spain.

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
STIMULATION OF BRAIN ACETYL‐CoA HYDROLASE BY ATP AND ATP ANALOGUES

Abstract— The effects of ATP and ATP analogues on the brain acetyl‐CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) were studied. The enzyme was stimulated reversibly by ATP‐Mg 2+ the presence of Mg 2+ being absolutely required for the stimulation. The stimulatory effect of ATP was highly specific since adenine nucleotides other than ATP had no stimulatory effects and nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP stimulated the enzyme much less than ATP in the following order: ATP &gt; ITP CTP, UTP GTP. A phosphate modified analogue of ATP, AMP‐PNP had a similar stimulatory effect to that of ATP. Other ATP analogues such as AMP‐PCP and AMPCPP showed less stimulatory effect than ATP. The order of the stimulatory effects of these ATP analogues was: ATP &gt; AMP‐PNP &gt; AMP‐PCP &gt; AMPCPP. The concentrations needed for half‐maximal stimulation of ATP, AMP‐PNP and AMP‐PCP were approx 0.11 m m , 0.22 mm, and 0.22 m m , respectively. Double reciprocal plots demonstrated that ATP as well as AMP‐PNP produced a significant decrease in the apparent K m , value for acetyl‐CoA and an increase in V max indicating that these nucleotides increased the affinity for acetyl‐CoA through binding at a site other than the catalytic site. The data described above suggest that the rate of hydrolysis of acetyl‐CoA may be regulated by the concentration of ATP in the micro‐environment of the enzyme.

Topic: Neurological diseases and metabolism
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A new stochastic approach to the spread of environmental events enhanced by the wind

The purpose of this paper is to present a stochastic approach of the expansion of adverse environmental events which are enhanced by the wind. Our model follows a scheme based on the well-known Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. The expansion takes place in a grid where the cells represent an individual (or even a group) in the population under study. The state of the cells is modelled by a random variable which is a measure of the intensity and direction of the wind. As time passes, the status of the cells is determined according to both an update criterion and a probabilistic neighbourhood relationship.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep Learning AI Applications in the Imaging of Glioma

Abstract This manuscript will review emerging applications of artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning, and its application to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Current deep learning approaches, commonly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), that take input data from MR images to grade gliomas (high grade from low grade) and predict overall survival will be shown. There will be more in-depth review of recent articles that have applied different CNNs to predict the genetics of glioma on pre-operative MR images, specifically 1p19q codeletion, MGMT promoter, and IDH mutations, which are important criteria for the diagnosis, treatment management, and prognostication of patients with GBM. Finally, there will be a brief mention of current challenges with DL techniques and their application to image analysis in GBM.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Divorced and Remarried Parenting

In this chapter, we explore how the interpersonal processes of divorce and remarriage affect parenting and stepparenting and how these roles have been examined by social and behavioral scientists. We first discuss historical considerations that have shaped the cultural context of divorced parenting and remarried and stepparenting over time. Next, we outline central issues faced by divorced and remarried parents and stepparents, followed by a discussion of the theoretical frameworks that have been used to investigate these challenges, including stress-related theories, coparenting theories, and selection models. Subsequently, in a summary of classical and modern research in divorced and remarried parenting, we identify four general eras in the development of scholarly research on postdivorce families and stepfamilies: (1) the social problem/social address phase, (2) the growing recognition phase, (3) a decade of progress, and (4) the New Millennium. We then highlight efforts at state and local levels to implement intervention programs for divorced and remarried parents, drawing particularly attention to divorce mediation efforts and stepfamily education programs. Finally, we propose key areas for future direction in the study of divorced and remarried parenting, including qualitative approaches and theory development, research on process and structure, and greater attention to underexamined parents. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the key issues surrounding divorced and remarried parenting, it is necessary to first turn our attention toward understanding how the context of divorced and parenting has changed over time.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tables S1-S8 and Figure Legends from Novel Gene and Network Associations Found for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Case–Control and Family-Based Studies in Multiethnic Populations

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S8 and Supplementary Figure Legends.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Harmoni Lintas Agama Masyarakat Tengger

This paper attempts to closely portray interreligious harmony, especially between Muslim and Hindu community in Tengger, East Java. Tengger community are ingrained with their own culture and practicing their unique tradition. Through symbolic-interactionist approach, this paper supposes that this reality represents a cultural process which is simultaneously and flexibly flowing and growing. In the name of brotherhood and humanity, Tengger people are running their daily activities, discounting subjective differences among them. Sociologically, they are focusing on facing the reality as objective necessities where the self and the other are mutually understanding and complementing each other. In this regard, they have improved the way of interaction, from &lt;em&gt;saya&lt;/em&gt;-and-&lt;em&gt;mereka&lt;/em&gt; perspective to &lt;em&gt;kami&lt;/em&gt;-and&lt;em&gt;kita&lt;/em&gt; approach. Social activities and religious/cultural rites symbolically become communicative device of inter-relation among the people. Muslim and Hindu harmony in this community denotes multicultural interaction that entails social involvement of members of community. Tengger people, as an animal symbolicum, strive to construct, expand and (re)interpret the symbols for building harmony.

Topic: Cultural and Religious Practices in Indonesia
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Survival of Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) from antibody-dependent complement killing

Previously, we had reported that some Miamiensis avidus, a major pathogen of scuticociliatosis in cultured olive flounder, strongly agglutinated by flounder immune sera could escape from the agglutinated mass within a few hours. In the present study, we observed that M. avidus not only escaped from the agglutinated mass but also conducted division(s) before shedding its old covering. Furthermore, ciliates that survived the antibody-dependent complement killing (ADCK) assay were not killed even when re-exposed to a freshly prepared ADCK assay. This result suggests that the liberated ciliates from the ADCK assay might change not only their i-antigen types but also the epitopes of major surface antigens, which debilitate antibody-mediated complement killing ability.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences