jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DRUG INTERACTIONS

In recent years great extensions were achieved in poultry industry in Egypt to increase its production, this trend is unfortunately hampered by recurrent episodes of diseases like coccidiosis ana E. coli infection, worldwide bacterial infections affecting all ages of birds, are of continuing economic concern to poultry production due to major losses includes high morbidity and mortality rates, loss of body weight and other bird's performance.Control of both coccidiosis and colibacillosis is very important in poultry farms, which depend mainly on the use of certain anticoccidial drug as diclazuril and antimicrobials as fosfomycin. This study was directed to test the interaction between fosfomycin and diclazuril in case of infection of E.coli.In the present work one hundred and twenty, one-day old mixed sex avain 48 broiler chicks were used from a commercial hatchery.Chicks were divided into 8 equal groups each of 15 chicks.All groups were taken same treat and were fed on ordinary ration free from any drugs all over the experiment (42 days).Chickens were infected with pathogenic field strains of E. coli (strain Some Pharmacological Studies On Drug Interactions .

Topic: Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An Injectable Click-Crosslinked Hydrogel that Prolongs Dexamethasone Release from Dexamethasone-Loaded Microspheres

Our purpose was to test whether a preparation of injectable formulations of dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded microspheres (Dex-Ms) mixed with click-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (Cx-HA) (or Pluronic (PH) for comparison) prolongs therapeutic levels of released Dex. Dex-Ms were prepared using a monoaxial-nozzle ultrasonic atomizer with an 85% yield of the Dex-Ms preparation, encapsulation efficiency of 80%, and average particle size of 57 μm. Cx-HA was prepared via a click reaction between transcyclooctene (TCO)-modified HA (TCO-HA) and tetrazine (TET)-modified HA (TET-HA). The injectable formulations (Dex-Ms/PH and Dex-Ms/Cx-HA) were fabricated as suspensions and became a Dex-Ms-loaded hydrogel drug depot after injection into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Dex-Ms alone also formed a drug depot after injection. The Cx-HA hydrogel persisted in vivo for 28 days, but the PH hydrogel disappeared within six days, as evidenced by in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging. The in vitro and in vivo cumulative release of Dex by Dex-Ms/Cx-HA was much slower in the early days, followed by sustained release for 28 days, compared with Dex-Ms alone and Dex-Ms/PH. The reason was that the Cx-HA hydrogel acted as an external gel matrix for Dex-Ms, resulting in the retarded release of Dex from Dex-Ms. Therefore, we achieved significantly extended duration of a Dex release from an in vivo Dex-Ms-loaded hydrogel drug depot formed by Dex-Ms wrapped in an injectable click-crosslinked HA hydrogel in a minimally invasive manner. In conclusion, the Dex-Ms/Cx-HA drug depot described in this work showed excellent performance on extended in vivo delivery of Dex.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
IMPARTING LIFE SKILLS TO UNDERGRADUATES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LAB: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH

Language learning is interlinked with a wide array of skills and consequently has innumerable benefits. It makes one articulate, self confident and enhances self esteem. It is possible to link language learning with imparting life skills by using quotes and excerpts from various genre with the objective of enabling the learner to develop his/her social, emotional and cognitive skills such as the ability to communicate effectively, improve interpersonal relations, develop positive attitude, be empathetic and think logically and creatively. Life skills are defined by WHO as “the abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.” Exposure to these skills brings about a behavioural change in the learners and addresses a balance of knowledge, attitude and skills, thus meeting the ultimate aim of education which is overall development of personality. Thus this paper looks at innovative uses of quotes and excerpts that can be used creatively by the language teacher to enhance language as well as life skills

Topic: Emotional Intelligence and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Two swarm intelligence-based approaches for the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-centre problem

The p-centre problem is an important facility location problem. In this problem, the objective is to find a set Y of p vertices on an undirected weighted graph G = (V, E) in such a way that Y ⊆ V and the maximum distance over all the distances from vertices to their closest vertices in Y is minimised. The vertices in set Y are called centres. In this paper, we have proposed two swarm intelligence-based approaches for the p-centre problem. The first approach is based on artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, whereas the latter approach is based on invasive weed optimisation (IWO) algorithm. The ABC algorithm and IWO algorithm are relatively new metaheuristic techniques inspired respectively from collective intelligent behaviour shown by honeybees while foraging and the sturdy process of weed colonisation and dispersion in an ecosystem. Computational results on the well-known benchmark instances of p-centre problem show the effectiveness of our approaches in finding high quality solutions.

Topic: Facility Location and Emergency Management
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhancing Customer Churn Prediction in Telecommunications: An Adaptive Ensemble Learning Approach

Customer churn, the discontinuation of services by existing customers, poses a significant challenge to the telecommunications industry. This paper proposes a novel adaptive ensemble learning framework for highly accurate customer churn prediction. The framework integrates multiple base models, including XGBoost, LightGBM, LSTM, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). These models are strategically combined using a stacking ensemble method, further enhanced by meta-feature generation from base model predictions. A rigorous data preprocessing pipeline, coupled with a multi-faceted feature engineering approach, optimizes model performance. The framework is evaluated on three publicly available telecom churn datasets, demonstrating substantial accuracy improvements over state-of-the-art techniques. The research achieves a remarkable 99.28% accuracy, signifying a major advancement in churn prediction.The implications of this research for developing proactive customer retention strategies withinthe telecommunications industry are discussed.

Topic: Customer churn and segmentation
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Muscarinic receptor reserve of airway smooth muscle and the response to isoproterenol

It has been hypothesized that the muscarinic receptor reserve for contraction of airway smooth muscle is an important determinant of the potency with which isoproterenol relaxes submaximal muscarinic contractions. The goals of this study were to inactivate, with phenoxybenzamine, a fraction of the muscarinic receptors present in canine tracheal smooth muscle, and then to determine whether this decrease in muscarinic receptor reserve altered the potency with which isoproterenol relaxed submaximal muscarinic contractions. Strips of smooth muscle were suspended from force transducers in vitro and preincubated with either vehicle (untreated) or phenoxybenzamine (10(-5) M) for 30 min. For muscarinic contractions induced by carbachol that were approximately 70-80% of maximum, the half-maximally effective concentration of isoproterenol was 2.4 +/- 0.8 x 10(-7) M for untreated strips but 5.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(-9) M for strips treated with phenoxybenzamine (n = 6, P less than 0.05). We concluded that treatment with phenoxybenzamine increased the sensitivity of a submaximal muscarinic contraction to isoproterenol. The results support the hypothesis that the muscarinic receptor reserve for contraction is an important determinant of the potency with which isoproterenol relaxes submaximal muscarinic contractions.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical Outcome of Pharmacist – Managed Care for Inpatients with Warfarin at Bangkok Metropolitan Administration General Hospital

Previous studies suggested that providing anticoagulation management services by pharmacist improved anticoagulation control in outpatients who uses warfarin.However, few studies evaluated hospitalized patients.Purpose of this study is to assess the impact of additional pharmacist-managed care to usual care in inpatient treating with warfarin.This study was a quasi-experimental study.Patients in intervention group were monitored by a clinical pharmacist who recommended warfarin dose, screened and managed drug therapeutic problems related to warfarin therapy, suggested monitoring plan and provided patient education.Results of intervention group were compared to historical control (usual care).A total of 92 patients were included ( 49 cases in control group and 43 patients in intervention group) .Baseline data were not significantly different between two groups.Percentage of patients with international normalized ratio (INR) in target at first followedup visit in the intervention group was more than those in the control group (60.47% vs. 30.61%,p = 0.015).In control group, one patient had bleeding during admission and 4 patients readmitted due to adverse effect of supratherapeutic warfarin level.On the contrary, there was no adverse event found in the intervention group.The results of this study suggest that coordination with clinical pharmacists and physicians improved quality of treatment among inpatients receiving warfarin and reduced complications of warfarin use.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Universal first-passage statistics of aging processes

Many out of equilibrium phenomena, such as diffusion-limited reactions or target search processes, are controlled by first-passage events. So far the general determination of the mean first-passage time (FPT) to a target in confinement has left aside aging processes, involved in contexts as varied as glassy dynamics, tracer diffusion in biological membranes or transport of cold atoms in optical lattices. Here we consider general non-Markovian scale-invariant processes in arbitrary dimension, displaying aging, and demonstrate that all the moments of the FPT obey universal scalings with the confining volume with non trivial exponents. Our analysis shows that a nonlinear scaling of the mean FPT with the volume is the hallmark of aging and provides a general tool to quantify its impact on first-passage kinetics in confinement.

Topic: Diffusion and Search Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bilateral Implicit Taxes and Anti-Competitive Banking Regulation

ABSTRACT: This paper examines how banks impound implicit taxes into loan interest rates. Economic theory predicts that the most flexible party bears the least tax cost. We hypothesize that mortgagors, being geographically fixed, are less flexible than banks and bear greater implicit tax costs, and that this effect diminishes when banks begin to compete across state lines after the 1994 Riegle-Neal Interstate and Branching Efficiency Act. Using data from 1977 to 2004 on banks’ and mortgagors’ state and federal taxes and detailed loan-specific data on mortgage originations, we investigate how interest rates vary separately with banks’ and mortgagors’ taxes. We find that mortgage rates vary positively with both banks’ tax costs and the value of mortgagors’ interest tax deductions. These findings are consistent with banks both passing on their tax costs to borrowers and capturing portions of borrowers’ tax benefits. The estimated annual magnitude of this tax shift is $23 billion, which we find declined after 1993 by approximately 40 percent.

Topic: Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
High-Engery Electron Cooling

for generating low-frequency(< 2 Hz) Lg waves from explosions. Detailed knowledge of the complex scattering process is, however, still incomplete and is in fact the subject of several ongoing studies. Our analysis of regional data from nuclear explosions from both Nevada Test Site (NTS) and Kazakh Test Site (KTS) and nearby earthquakes in Phase I has suggested that there are several reliable source discrimination methods only based on the use of Lg at regional distances. These discriminants should be. especially useful for small magnitude seismic events for which Lg may be the only well-recorded seismic phase. Our results suggest four possible regional discriminants: (a) frequency-amplitude-time analysis of spectrograms, (b) Lg(low frequency)/Lg(high frequency), (c) Lg spectral slopes, and (d) skewness of Lg spectra. Remarkable similarity of discrimination results from both NTS and KTS nuclear explosions and nearby earthquakes, with entirely different geological settings, indicates that our results should be applicable to other regions of the world.

Topic: Earthquake Detection and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Six Commercial Point-of-Care Tests for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infections: the Need for Combining NS1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibody Detection To Achieve Acceptable Levels of Accuracy

ABSTRACT Six assays were evaluated in this study to determine their suitability for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection using samples from 259 Sri Lankan patients with acute fevers (99 confirmed dengue cases and 160 patients with other confirmed acute febrile illnesses): (i) the Merlin dengue fever IgG &amp; IgM combo device (Merlin), (ii) the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen and IgG/IgM combo device (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea), (iii) the Biosynex Immunoquick dengue fever IgG and IgM (Biosynex, France) assay, (iv) the Bio-Rad NS1 antigen strip (Bio-Rad, France), (v) the Panbio Dengue Duo IgG/IgM Cassette (Inverness, Australia), and (vi) the Panbio dengue NS1 antigen strip (Inverness, Australia). The median number of days of fever prior to admission sample collection was 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7 days). Sensitivity and specificity of the NS1 antigen tests ranged from 49 to 59% and from 93 to 99%, respectively, and sensitivity and sensitivity of the IgM antibody test ranged from 71 to 80% and from 46 to 90%, respectively. Combining the NS1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo test gave the best compromise of sensitivity and specificity (93% and 89%, respectively) and provided the best sensitivity in patients presenting at different times after fever onset. The Merlin IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 64% and 86% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively, and the Standard Diagnostics IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 71% and 83% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively. This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue antigen- and antibody-based test results in the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) format for the acute diagnosis of dengue.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SUMO regulation of FKBP51 activity and the stress response

Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) actions are mostly mediated by the GC receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Alterations of the GR activity have been associated to different diseases including mood disorders. FKBP51 is a GR chaperone that has gained much attention because it is a strong inhibitor of GR activity. FKBP51 exerts effects on many stress‐related pathways and may be an important mediator of emotional behavior. Key proteins involved in the regulation of the stress response and antidepressant action are regulated by SUMOylation, a post‐translational modification that has an important role in the regulation of neuronal physiology and disease. In this review, we focus on the role of SUMO‐conjugation as a regulator of this pathway.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ganging up: team-based aggression expands the population/performance envelope in a multi-robot system

We examine a team of robots with no centralized control performing a transportation task in which robots frequently interfere with each other, thus impairing overall team's performance. It has previously been shown that stereo-typed robot-robot competitions, inspired by aggressive displays in animals, can be used to effectively reduce interference and improve system performance for this task. We describe an extension to the previous best-performing 'aggression function' to dynamic teams of robots. Experimental results show that the new method provides the best performance yet seen. Further, we examine the effects of interference-reduction methods over a range of population sizes, and we compare the results to a previously suggested theoretical model

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Control of leaf spot in yam with leaf extracts of bitter melon

The use of plant extracts to induce resistance against pathogens has shown to be a promising alternative in the management of plant diseases. The objective was to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of Mormodica charantia on management of the Curvularia eragrostidis and enzyme activation involved on defense responses in yam (Dioscorea alata). The isolate of C. eragrostidis was obtained from leaves of yam with symptoms. Mycelial growth and sporulation were evaluated. The treatments were: extract of Momordica charantia 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm, acibenzolar-S-methyl (200 mg.L-1), fungicide (200 g.ha-1) and control. The evaluations were done daily, until the 15th day of the application of the treatments. The severity of the disease was evaluated at the end of the experiment, by the size of lesions in each plant. For determination of β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, leaves were collected in periods of 192 h after treatments application. Fungitoxic action of the treatments in the control of C. eragrostidis in vitro was verified. The M. charantia extract conferred significative levels of protection in yam plants against C. eragrostidis reducing incidence and disease severity. Thus, it was promoted increase in enzymatic activity, preconditioning yam in induced defense mechanisms.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Doing Justice to Court Interpreting

First published as a Special Issue of Interpreting (10:1, 2008) and complemented with two articles published in Interpreting (12:1, 2010), this volume provides a panoramic view of the complex and uniquely constrained practice of court interpreting. In an array of empirical papers, the nine authors explore the potential of court interpreters to make or break the proceedings, from the perspectives of the minority language speaker and of the other participants. The volume offers thoughtful overviews of the tensions and conflicts typically associated with the practice of court interpreting. It looks at the attitudes of judicial authorities towards interpreting, and of interpreters towards the concept of a code of ethics. With further themes such as the interplay of different groups of "linguists" at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the language rights of indigenous communities, it opens novel perspectives on the study of interpreting at the interface between the letter of the law and its implementation.

Topic: Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Japanese Wartime Economics and Economists

Abstract The Japanese prewar intellectual and policy environment was dominated by officials with law degrees and increasingly by the military. There were important schools of economics, both Marxist, and neoclassical, but their influence was mainly confined to academia. During wartime they suffered severe intellectual repression. The wartime economy relied on an allocation policy led by technocratic planners working under the “reform bureaucrats.” Immediately postwar there was a revival: economists were able to display moral leadership and play a leading role in adapting the MacArthur reforms and devising the formula for modern Japanese growth.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Postive sentinel nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: What factors predict additional disease in the axilla?

602 Background: The predictive utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to that for patients treated initially with surgery. We hypothesized that patients with positive SLNs after chemotherapy would have unique clinical and pathologic factors predictive of additional non-SLN positivity. Methods: From 1993 - 2005, 104 patients were identified from a prospective database who responded to neoadjuvant therapy, had a positive SLNB, and underwent axillary dissection. At presentation, 66 patients had clinically negative nodes (CN) by ultrasound, and 38 patients had positive nodes by fine needle aspirate (Pos). Univariate and multivariate assessments of 17 predictive factors for additional non-SLN disease were performed using chi-square and logistical regression analysis with a bootstrapped backwards elimination procedure. Results: Patients with CN nodes (47%) were less likely to have additional non-SLNs positive when compared to patients with FNA Pos nodes at presentation (71%) (p=0.017). In additional univariate analysis, method of SLN metastasis detection, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), multicentricity, LN response to neoadjuvant therapy, nuclear grade, number of SLNs positive, and size of SLN metastasis were predictive for additional positive non-SLNs (p ≤ 0.05). In multivariate analysis, LVI, method of SLN metastasis detection, multicentricity, axillary node status at presentation, and pathologic tumor size retained grouped significance with a bootstrap adjusted AUC of 0.762. A nomogram for predicting non-SLN metastasis was created incorporating these variables. Multifocality, ER, nuclear grade, and number of negative or positive SLNs did not add statistical predictive power to our model. Conclusions: Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy who have positive SLNs are at high risk of having additional non-SLN disease; use of a nomogram may help to risk-stratify this patient population. We have identified unique predictive variables for these patients, including multicentricity and nodal status at presentation, that indicate additional non-SLN disease when the SLN is positive. We plan to validate the predictive ability of the multivariate results for this patient population prospectively. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences