jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mixing in modified single screw extruders

Abstract A numerical model of mixing in single‐screw extrusion is developed which uses a two‐dimensional unsteady analogue to three‐dimensional continuous mixing. This two‐dimensional unsteady analogue uses the transverse and axial velocities to calculate an apparent tránsverse streamline velocity which is used to simulate mixing. The mixing calculations are rigorously correct for continuous mixing of well‐metered streams of equal‐viscosity Newtonian fluids in continuous mixers of constant envelope. This scheme is applied to the analysis of singlescrew extruders with stepwise varying cross‐section, particularly beginning and ending flights. The numerical simulation produces patterns qualitatively similar to those observed in mixing experiments and predicts behavior for unmodified extruders in close quantitative agreement with experiments.

Topic: Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Erratum to: “Metformin Biodistribution: A Key to Mechanisms of Action?”

In the above-named article by Sundelin E, Jensen JB, Jakobsen S, Gormsen LC, and Jessen N The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2020;105(11):3374-3383; doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa332), the following error occurred in the published paper: The abstract was omitted and the text of the abstract was prepended to the start of the article. The publication has been corrected online. The publisher acknowledges the error.

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Trans-Frontal-Sinus Subcranial Approach for Removal of Large Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Surgical Technique and Comparison to Other Approaches

Background: Several surgical approaches have been previously reported for the treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). The trans-frontal-sinus subcranial approach (TFSSA) for the removal of large OGMs is described, comparing it with other reported approaches in terms of advantages and drawbacks.

Topic: Meningioma and schwannoma management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Using Infinity Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Wireless Communication

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna using complementary infinity split resonator (CI-SSR) based metamaterial is designed and computing for wireless communication. The proposed antenna is printed in Rogers RT/ duroid 588O substrate having a dielectric constant (&#x00A3;<inf>r</inf>) of 2.2 within a size of 36. 56 &#x00D7; 36. 56 &#x00D7; 1. 57 mm<sup>3</sup>. By selecting a fed microstrip line, it is capable to achieve 50Q characteristic impedance and good impedance matching using quarter a wavelength transformer line. The parameter extraction procedure of the meta-material property of the I-SRR is discussed in detail, by which the negative permeability existence and the new resonance frequencies are verified. The proposed antenna has adequate advantages, including simple design, lower return loss and capable of frequency reconfigurable antenna using MADP-011029-14150 PIN diode.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Portable Device for Ornamental Shrimp Counting Using Unsupervised Machine Learning

With the rapid development of emerging technologies, intelligent agriculture is incorporating techniques such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchains, and fifth-generation mobile communication to improve work efficiency, prevent various disasters, and change the sales mode of agricultural products.Ornamental fishery is a part of agriculture and accounts for a significant proportion of commercial trade.This paper introduces image processing technology to help ornamental fisheries calculate the number of shrimps quickly.To solve the problem of overlapping live shrimps when counting, K-means unsupervised machine learning is adopted to determine the area of one shrimp.In addition, the proposed method using unsupervised machine learning is able to count different types of shrimp with high accuracy, such as crystal red shrimps, fire red shrimps, and Takashi Amano shrimps.We also analyze two background subtraction techniques, hue/saturation/value (HSV) histogrambased detection and Sobel edge detection, to compare the accuracy and calculation time of this application.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computer-Aided Design to Improve the Thermal Stability of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase

Lipase, a green biocatalyst, finds extensive application in the food sector. Enhancing the thermal stability of lipase presents both challenges and opportunities within the food industry. This research employed multiple rounds of cross-screening using tools like FoldX and I-Mutant 3.0 to strategically design mutations for Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML), resulting in eight unique single-point mutation designs. E230I, N120M, and N264M have been confirmed experimentally to be potential combination mutation candidates. The resulting triple mutant N120M/E230I/N264M showed a higher thermal stability, with an optimum temperature of 55 °C, 10 °C higher than that of the wild-type RML. The half-life was extended from 46 to 462 min at 50 °C. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of N120M/E230I/N264M on camphor tree seed oil increased by 140% to 600 U/mg, which aids in the production of novel structured lipids. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we analyzed the molecular mechanism of enhanced thermal stability. This study validated the efficacy and dependability of computer-aided design to generate heat-resistant RML mutants and indicated that RML N120M/E230I/N264M lipase can be used as an effective biocatalyst for fat processing in the food industry.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Afpdb: an efficient structure manipulation package for AI protein design

Abstract Motivation The advent of AlphaFold and other protein Artificial Intelligence (AI) models has transformed protein design, necessitating efficient handling of large-scale data and complex workflows. Using existing programming packages that predate recent AI advancements often leads to inefficiencies in human coding and slow code execution. To address this gap, we developed the Afpdb package. Results Afpdb, built on AlphaFold’s NumPy architecture, offers a high-performance core. It uses RFDiffusion's contig syntax to streamline residue and atom selection, making coding simpler and more readable. Integrating PyMOL’s visualization capabilities, Afpdb allows automatic visual quality control. With over 180 methods commonly used in protein AI design, which are otherwise hard to find, Afpdb enhances productivity in structural biology by supporting the development of concise, high-performance code. Availability and implementation Code and documentation are available on GitHub (https://github.com/data2code/afpdb) and PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/afpdb). An interactive tutorial is accessible through Google Colab.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of environmental degradation on the Mostaganem Plateau Algeria: A critical analysis of soil and water resources

This study underscores the importance of accounting for spatial dimensions and temperatures in evaluating payments and environmental interactions. Exploiting natural spaces can foster sustainable development, especially in vulnerable areas, but urbanization poses significant challenges. The Mostaganem Plateau, spanning 78,100 hectares with diverse landscapes, is highly sensitive to environmental pressures like abrasion. Urbanization, agriculture, industry, deforestation, and heavy port activities threaten its biodiversity. Using the plateau as a diagnostic tool helps identify the main causes of its deterioration. Analyzing agricultural and industrial impacts on soil and water highlights the severity of the situation. These analyses, along with in-depth geographic studies, reveal the complex decomposition processes driven by natural and human factors. Implementing effective political policies and management practices is crucial to counter negative influences and promote sustainable development. Protecting the Mostaganem Plateau's fragile ecosystem requires vigilant efforts from the scientific community and social and economic stakeholders. Addressing environmental and ecological impacts is essential for long-term development. Practical responses are needed to mitigate severe degradation and preserve the plateau's environmental integrity for future generations. The study emphasizes the urgent need for monitoring and intervention to safeguard this vulnerable region, ensuring its sustainability and resilience against ongoing threats. Protecting the Mostaganem Plateau's fragile ecosystem requires vigilant efforts from the scientific community and social and economic stakeholders. Addressing environmental and ecological impacts is crucial for long-term development. Practical responses are needed to mitigate severe degradation and preserve the plateau's environmental integrity for future generations.

Topic: Water management and technologies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stakeholder Perspectives on a Culture of Health: Key Findings

Since 2013, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has embarked on a pioneering effort to advance a Culture of Health. The Culture of Health action framework is founded on a vision in which "everyone in our diverse society leads healthier lives now and for generations to come." To put the Culture of Health vision into action, RWJF asked RAND Health to support the development of an action framework and measurement strategy. This article summarizes the stakeholder engagement efforts that RAND used to inform this work. It draws on a series of interviews and focus groups that RAND researchers conducted with stakeholders both within and outside the United States. It should be of interest to RWJF, as well as to those individuals and organizations interested in advancing the Culture of Health action framework. Given that RWJF is focused on using the Culture of Health action framework and measures to catalyze national dialogue about content and investments to improve population health and well-being, the study should be beneficial to a range of national, state, and local leaders across a variety of sectors that contribute to health as described by the Culture of Health action framework.

Topic: Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The issue of interest (riba) in the Abrahamic religions

Purpose Religious scripts strongly encourage acts of philantrophy and benevolence that contribute to achievement of social harmony and similarly condemn interest out of money. The views paying attention to economic reasons fail to offer a plausible counter argument to this contradiction. Almost all studies since the inception of Islam have, rather than considering the dynamic social and economic realities of the time, attempted to justify the views on the ban. Thus, this study aims to provide clear aspect on Abrahamic religion's approach on the issue.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
ON-FARM PHEASANT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIALS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

The transformation of irrigated agriculture into a capital intensive industry has eroded much of the incidental biological complementarities between wildlife and irrigation development. Wildlife management agencies need to assess the economic impact of enhancement programs upon commercial agriculture. In this paper, opportunity costs of on-farm pheasant enhancement practices are estimated for typical Columbia Basin irrigated farms. These estimates are then compared with two measures of net benefits to established the potential feasibility of on-farm pheasant enhancement programs.

Topic: Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Holistic Processing of Faces in Preschool Children and Adults

Contrary to the encoding-switch hypothesis, recent research demonstrates that 6-year-olds do not rely solely on parts-based encoding to recognize upright faces. This research shows better recognition of face parts presented in the whole face than in isolation, indicating use of holistic encoding. The present study examined whether children younger than 6 years also recognize faces holistically. Four-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and adults were administered a part-whole face recognition task. Children below the age of 6 remembered parts from upright faces better when tested in the whole-face context than in isolation. This whole-face advantage did not occur when faces were inverted. Although children showed a smaller inversion decrement than adults and generally performed more poorly than adults, the different age groups showed similar patterns of performance, indicating that young preschoolers, like older children and adults, are able to recognize faces holistically.

Topic: Face Recognition and Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of 2 Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The recommended initial treatment for multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is a rehabilitation program, yet there is very low-quality evidence to support this approach. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the Watson MDI program and Rockwood Instability program among patients with nontraumatic, nonstructural MDI. The hypothesis was that the Watson MDI program would produce clinically and statistically superior outcomes over the Rockwood Instability program. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Forty-one participants with MDI were randomly allocated to the Watson MDI or Rockwood Instability program. Participants attended 12 weekly physiotherapy sessions for exercise prescription. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after randomization. Primary outcomes were the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI). Secondary outcomes included the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, pain, muscle strength, scapular upward rotation, scapular coordinates, global rating of change, satisfaction scales, limiting angle in abduction range, limiting factor in abduction range, and incidence of dislocation. Primary analysis was by intention to treat based on linear mixed models. Results: Between-group differences showed significant effects favoring the Watson program for the WOSI (effect size [ES], 11.1; 95% CI, 1.9-20.2; P = .018) and for the limiting factor in abduction (ES, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-1.6; P = .023) at 12 weeks, and for the WOSI (ES, 12.6; 95% CI, 3.4-21.9; P =. 008), MISS (ES, 15.4; 95% CI, 5.9-24.8; P = .002), and pain (ES, -2.0; CI: -2.3 to -0.7, P = .003) at 24 weeks. Conclusion: For people with MDI, 12 sessions of the Watson MDI program were more effective than the Rockwood program at 12- and 24-week follow-up. Registration: ACTRN12613001240730 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Features of the Formation of the B<sub>i</sub>B<sub>s</sub> Defect in Si

The data on the features of the electronic absorption in boron‐doped silicon irradiated at 80 K with 5 MeV electrons are presented in this paper. The electronic transition at a frequency of 4296.8 cm –1 is revealed in the absorption spectra of as‐irradiated boron‐doped Si samples. The intensity of the registered line grows with the boron concentration. The formation of defect responsible for the 4296.8 cm –1 line is independent of the presence of oxygen and carbon in the samples. The investigations show that the vacancies are not components of the defect related to the 4296.8 cm –1 line. The study of the thermal stability of the revealed defect shows that the disappearance of line at the annealing is accompanied by the synchronous development of the 4385.2 cm –1 absorption line associated with the B i B s defects. The revealed defect is identified as a precursor of a stable configuration of the B i B s complex.

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of Pedagogy and School Textbooks in Shaping the Idea of Superiority in French Colonial Culture

The author of this article takes as his starting point the idea that the colonial expansion and the experience of learning about the world in the 19th — early 20th centuries were fully reflected in the process of self-identification of European societies and the substantiation of the idea of their civilization, culture, and superiority. The colonial factor and colonial culture could give vitality to national identity, allowing the reformatting of the national space. In France, colonial expansion began to be perceived by various social strata as the best way to strengthen the country, and colonial culture was gradually becoming a familiar element of public consciousness. The French, like other European nations, took the colonial idea from school. Using the example of educational narratives (school textbooks and anthologies), the author shows the penetration of elements of colonial culture into the public consciousness. The French school at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries became a «testing ground for progress», where new social, political, and economic technologies were tested. The school became one of the places where the ideas of superiority were formed. French pedagogy was inextricably linked with colonial culture. All textbooks, both for secular and church schools, placed the civilizing work of France at the forefront. From this point of view, the plan for the formation of souls, its tasks, current and future, were presented. The author concludes that the formation of the French colonial empire led to the strengthening of the national at the expense of the colonial and to their active rapprochement. The colonial idea and colonial culture contributed to the awareness of the French of their belonging to a single nation, the formation of their national identity, and pedagogical practices played a special role in this process.

Topic: Historical Education Studies Worldwide
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
3D Relativistic MHD Simulation of a Tilted Accretion Disk Around a Rapidly Rotating Black Hole

We posit that accreting compact objects, including stellar mass black holes and neutron stars as well as supermassive black holes, may undergo extended periods of accretion during which the angular momentum of the disk at large scales is misaligned with that of the compact object. In such a scenario, Lense-Thirring precession caused by the rotating compact object can dramatically affect the disk. In this presentation we describe results from a three-dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an MRI turbulent disk accreting onto a tilted rapidly rotating black hole. For this case, the disk does not achieve the commonly described Bardeen-Petterson configuration; rather, it remains nearly planar, undergoing a slow global precession. Accretion from the disk onto the hole occurs predominantly through two opposing plunging streams that start from high latitudes with respect to both the black-hole and disk midplanes. This is a consequence of the non-sphericity of the gravitational spacetime of the black hole.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Approach for Rock Strength Estimation Through a Semi-Point Load Strength Index and Correlation With Destructive and Nondestructive Tests

Abstract Multi scale projects of civil, mining, and oil and gas drilling require to determine rock strength as main property of surface and subsurface rocks for safe structures, economic mining operations, as well as drilling performance optimizations. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) as a main rock strength test is considered a time consuming for sample preparation, costly, and unaffordable. However, it is required for correlations for rock strength obtained from other tests. A semi-Point Load Strength Index (Semi-PLSI) is proposed in this research as a new approach to estimate rock strength. The objectives of this research include reducing testing costs, simplifying sample preparation and testing procedure, precisely localizing, stabilizing, and balancing specimens while testing, and improving accuracy and repeatability. For this test, various sample dimensions and length to diameter ratios are prepared from granite rock type. A 400 (kn) Geomechanics Frame is used for testing and an advanced data acquisition system is utilized for data recording. Data obtained from Semi-PLSI are correlated with data obtained from two main strength types including UCS that represent the shear fracture strength and indirect tensile strength (IT) that represent the tensile fracture strength. Data correlation also includes measurements of ultrasound primary and secondary wave velocities that represents nondestructive data measurements. The good correlation agreements and the verity ways of estimating the strength enrich this new approach of the Semi-PLSI proposed for UCS estimation and pave the road of more research.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH1418573.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences