jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plastics additives an industrial guide

DLVO theory has been applied to cement suspensions containing admixtures. Two different batches of the same cement, different only in storage history, are compared. It is found that, although their general sedimentation behavior is similar, differences exist in the zeta potential and basic chemistry. Both the superplasticizer and water-reducing admixture result in all cases in a stable dispersion, contrary to the theoretical prediction that only a coagulated suspension should exist. This finding suggests that steric hindrance plays a larger role compared to electric repulsion in the deflocculation of cement pastes than previously believed. Zeta potential and sedimentation data for CaCl2 and sugar are also presented.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of essential oils and biocontrol cultures for the improvement of shelf-life of fresh cut products

The demand of minimally processed fruits and vegetables has increased in the last years. However, their intrinsic characteristics may favor the growth of pathogens and spoilage microbiota. The negative effects on human health reported for some traditional chemical sanitizers have justified the search for substitutes to guarantee food safety and quality. In this work we have evaluate the potential of some essential oils and their components to improve the safety and the shelf life of Lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta) and apples (Golden delicious). Moreover, the effects of selected lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination with essential oils or their components, on the shelf-life and safety as well as organoleptic properties of minimally processed products, were evaluated. Since the lack of knowledge of microbial cell targets of essential oils represent one of the most important limit to the use of these molecules at industrial level, another aim of this thesis was the study of the action mechanisms of essential oils and their components. The results obtained showed the beneficial effects of the natural antimicrobials as well as the selected lactic acid bacteria on minimally processed fruit and vegetable safety and shelf-life, without detrimental effects on the quality parameters. The beneficial effects obtained by the use of the selected biocontrol agents were further increased combining them with selected natural antimicrobials. The natural antimicrobial employed induced noticeable modifications of membrane fatty acid profiles and volatile compounds produced by microbial cells during the growth. The modification of the expression in genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis suggesting that the cytoplasmic membrane of microbial cells is one of the major cellular target of essential oils and their components. The comprehension of microbial stress response mechanisms can contribute to the scaling up of natural antimicrobials and bio-control agents at industrial level.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of matrine on insulin to promote cardiac fibroblastproliferation and collagen synthesis in rats

Objective To investigate the effects of matrine on insulin to promote cardiac fibroblast(CF)proliferation and collagen synthesis in rats. Methods From November 2011 to April 2012,digestion method was used to culture cardiac fibroblasts of SD rats. There were five groups in this experiment:① control group,managed with culture fluid;② insulin group,with insulin(final concentration 10- 8mol·L- 1);③low dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 1mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins; ④ middle dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 2mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins;⑤high dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 4mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins. CF proliferation was measured by thiazolyl blue( MTT) assay( A490),and collagen synthesis by 3H- thymidine(3H-TdR) uptake test. The effects of matrine on insulin to promote CF proliferation and collagen synthesis were observed,as well as the action of different concentrations of Mat against CF proliferation and collagen synthesis. Results As Mat concentration increased,CF A490 value showed a decreasing trend. It was(0. 140 ±0.026) and(0. 089 ±0. 005) respectively in middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups,which were significantly lower than that in control group(0. 323 ± 0. 097, P 0. 05). A490 value in low,middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups was significantly lower than that in Ins group( P 0. 05). With the increasing of Mat concentration,the rate of 3H- TdR incorporation into CF showed a decreasing trend. It was(655. 96 ± 52. 57) and(376. 14 ± 56. 33) respectively in middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups,which were significantly lower than that in control group(1 326. 32 ± 278. 03,P 0. 05). The rate of 3H- TdR incorporation into CF was lower in low,middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups than in Ins group(P 0. 05). Conclusions Insulin can promote CF proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro,which can be inhibited by Mat. This action of Mat is dose- dependent.

Topic: Bioactive natural compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Principles of Surgery

Summary Surgery is an essential component of the multidisciplinary management of patients with solid cancers. Operations are most commonly used as the cornerstone of curative therapy, but are also frequently employed to diagnose and stage disease, to palliate symptoms, and to reconstruct anatomy to maximize form and function following tumour extirpation. In this chapter, the principles of surgical therapy will be described and the role of the surgical oncologist will be highlighted in the context of a comprehensive multimodality treatment team.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Short Photoperiods, Cycocel, and Gibberellic Acid upon Flower Bud Initiation and Development in Azalea ‘Hexe’1

Abstract A technique using 2-branched rooted cuttings of azalea ‘Hexe’ was devised to provide uniform plant material for studying the effect of photoperiod and growth regulators on early stages of flower bud initiation and development. Flower initiation was most rapid under 8-hr daylengths, as a definite change of shape of apex was observed the 4th to 5th weeks. No change was observed on plants subjected to interrupted nights with 50 ft-c incandescent light supplied between 10 pm and 2 am. Short days plus a drench of 0.4 g Cycocel, (2-chloro-ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, accelerated initiation over short days alone. Gibberellic acid applied to Cycocel-treated plants at 3 and 4 weeks of short days delayed flower initiation. Gibberellic acid applied to short day plants during the 4th to 6th weeks was effective in preventing flower initiation in this cultivar.

Topic: Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access A Newly Developed Pericardial Tuberculoma During Antituberculous Therapy

Tuberculosis generally affects the respiratory tract. In developing nations, the pericardium is the most common location of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, tuberculous pericarditis rarely appears as a localized mass or tuberculoma. We present here a case of a 62-year-old woman with pericardial tuberculoma. She had a history of effusive tuberculous pericarditis and drainage. Because she had taken regular medication over a period of six months, the pericardial mass with an adjacent lung nodule newly detected on the chest radiogram was initially suspected of being invasive lung cancer. Prior to pathologic confirmation, precise information from imaging tests, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are helpful when making decisions regarding which methods should be used for surgical approach and treatment. Through imaging, our case showed typical features of pericardial tuberculoma and a favorable clinical course after two months with a change in antituberculous therapy. (Korean Circ J 2011; 41:750-753) KEY WORDS: Tuberculosis; Magnetic resonance imaging.

Topic: Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evolution of Intraplate Alkaline to Tholeiitic Basalts via Interaction Between Carbonated Melt and Lithospheric Mantle

Abstract Intraplate basaltic volcanism commonly exhibits wide compositional ranges from silica-undersaturated alkaline basalts to silica-saturated tholeiitic basalts. Possible mechanisms for the compositional transition involve variable degrees of partial melting of a same source, decompression melting at different mantle depths (so-called ‘lid effect’), and melt-peridotite interaction. To discriminate between these mechanisms, here we investigated major-trace elemental and Sr–Nd–Mg–Zn isotopic compositions of a suite of intraplate alkaline and tholeiitic basalts from the Datong volcanic field in eastern China. Specifically, we employed Mg and Zn isotope systematics to assess whether the silica-undersaturated melts originated from a carbonated mantle source. The alkaline basalts have young HIMU-like Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, lower δ26Mg (-0·42‰ to -0·38‰) and higher δ66Zn (0·40‰ to 0·46‰) values relative to the mantle. These characteristics were attributable to an asthenospheric mantle source hybridized by carbonated melts derived from the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. From alkaline to tholeiitic basalts, δ26Mg gradually increases from -0·42‰ to -0·28‰ and δ66Zn decreases from 0·46‰ to 0·28‰ with decreasing alkalinity and incompatible trace element abundances (e.g. Rb, Nb, Th and Zr). The Mg and Zn isotopic variations are significantly beyond the magnitude (&amp;lt;0·1‰) induced by different degrees of fractional crystallization and partial melting of a same mantle source, excluding magmatic differentiation, different degrees of partial melting and the ‘lid effect’ as possible mechanisms accounting for the compositional variations in the Datong basalts. There are strong, near-linear correlations of δ26Mg and δ66Zn with 87Sr/86Sr (R2=0·75 − 0·81) and 143Nd/144Nd (R2=0·83 − 0·90), suggesting an additional source for the Datong basalts. This source is characterized by pristine mantle-like δ26Mg and δ66Zn values as well as EM1-like Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, pointing towards a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Isotope mixing models show that mingling between alkaline basaltic melts and partial melts from the SCLM imparts all the above correlations, which means that the SCLM must have been partially melted during melt-SCLM reaction. Our results underline that interaction between carbonated silica-undersaturated basaltic melts and the SCLM acts as one of major processes leading to the compositional diversity in intracontinental basaltic volcanism.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teaching soft issues in strategic managment with films: Arguments and suggestions

Strategic matters are extraordinarily complex and involve many different and interlinked processes and influences. This makes the subject difficult for students lacking managerial experience as they are unaware of the intricacy of the problems being discussed. Strategy requires not just a theoretical understanding of the subject, but also a practical feel for business and organisation. We argue that films can help the instructor because they offer elaborate multidimensional and multi-layered contexts which mirror the reality of business. Moreover, their powerful narratives aid the retention of ideas and encourage engagement with issues. To illustrate the appropriateness of films in teaching strategic management, we review the strategy curriculum, highlight some of the teaching difficulties and show how using films could help students’ learning.

Topic: Film in Education and Therapy
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Cost-utility analysis of Pembrolizumab compared to other alternative immunotherapy and chemotherapy treatments for patients with advanced melanoma in Iran

None of the immunotherapy drugs studied were found to be cost-effective when considering the cost-effectiveness threshold of $3,532. Therefore, a cost reduction of more than 90% in the prices of immunotherapy drugs would be necessary for them to be considered cost-effective in Iran.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Academic and Industry Joint Efforts to Include Vitamins and Minerals in Newly Implemented Regulation in Japan for the Functional Claims of Health Foods named Food with Functional Claims (FFC)

Within the scope of the Revitalization Strategy policies and elongating healthy life span, government of Japan has set a new labeling system of health claims for foods named Food with Functional Claims (FFC). Separated from Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU), industries can describe functionality based on scientific evidence under their responsibility, without individual reviews by the government. However, unlike global standard practice, vitamins, minerals and other applicable ingredients are excluded from FFC. These excluded food ingredients have been regulated under Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. To expand eligible ingredients for FFC, academia helps support industries to prepare materials to let government include these ingredients in FFC to make functional claims. Remaining issues are how to 1) utilize existing scientific monographs, 2) collect scientific literature and research papers, 3) global standard of definition of patient, 4) set dosage issues, 5) adjust to other categories, such as food with nutrition claims, over the counter drugs, and quasi‐drugs, and 6) prepare scientific manuscript for publication including systematic review of each ingredient. Global regulatory information, such as the ones from US, European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and other countries would be useful to be referred for convincing the regulators and policy makers in the government.

Topic: Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Quantitative assessment of blood-aqueous humor barrier permeability using densitometry methods combined with high performance thin layer chromatography].

The paper presents an original method of examining blood-aqueous humor permeability. The examinations were performed on grey rabbits that had been intravenously injected 10% fluorescein solution. Subsequently, at definite time intervals from the moment of the administration, fluid of the anterior chamber was taken in which the amount of aqueous fluorescein permeating to aqueous humor was measured. The measurements were performed using the method of high potency thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in DS type chambers. Examination results were presented as densitometry, and the area of individual points was counted using a computer programme. This method yielded a diagram quantitatively presenting fluorescein permeation from the blood to the aqueous humor.

Topic: Flavonoids in Medical Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Haplochromis parvidens: Witte, F., de Zeeuw, M.P. &amp; Brooks, E.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protecting Your Information When Traveling

This chapter teaches about additional risks that can occur when we connect to publicly available Wi-Fi networks and how to protect our Internet access from bad actors, no matter where we are in the world. It discusses the cyberattacks commonly used against public Wi-Fi users: Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, fake Wi-Fi networks, packet sniffing, session hijacking, and shoulder surfing. The chapter presents specific recommendations to avoid juice jacking cyberattacks while traveling and charging our devices. A mainstream risk when traveling is the tourist scam, which could result in our stolen identity, information, and money. There are a wide variety of scams targeting travelers, and most schemes are after our money through the use of pick-pocketing tactics, fraudulent transactions, and clever social engineering. The chapter also provides travel recommendations to protect our identity, finances, and personal information when traveling abroad to foreign nation-states.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
X-ray crystallographic characterization of rhesus macaque MHC Mamu-A*02 complexed with an immunodominant SIV-Gag nonapeptide

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the rhesus macaque is regarded as a classic animal model, playing a crucial role in HIV vaccine strategies and therapeutics by characterizing various cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in macaque monkeys. However, the availability of well documented structural reports focusing on rhesus macaque major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules remains extremely limited. Here, a complex of the rhesus macaque MHC I molecule (Mamu-A*02) with human β(2)m and an immunodominant SIV-Gag nonapeptide, GESNLKSLY (GY9), has been crystallized. The crystal diffracts X-rays to 2.7 Å resolution and belongs to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 124.11, b = 110.45, c = 100.06 Å, and contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The availability of the structure, which is being solved by molecular replacement, will provide new insights into rhesus macaque MHC I (Mamu-A*02) presenting pathogenic SIV peptides.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quasi-Steady Modeling of Rotating Detonation Engine Flowfields

A method for modeling the internal flowfield in a Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) is developed using shock-expansion theory along with the two-dimensional, isentropic method of characteristics (MOC). An analytical model using the oblique shock relations and the Prandtl-Meyer function is used to estimate the basic shock structure. Once the structure is known, the centered expansion fan is used to initialize a shock-fitted MOC solution. By modeling the flowfield in the steady, wave-fixed reference frame, computational requirements may be reduced while still providing sufficient information to perform fast, parametric performance estimates.

Topic: Combustion and Detonation Processes
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Due process implications of law enforcement agencies using Investigative Genetic Genealogy to solve serious crimes

Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG) has opened up new frontiers in the search for the perpetrators of serious crimes. The pool of data held by consumer DNA databases has enabled law enforcement agencies to undertake database matching to find biological relatives of an unknown perpetrator. This relatively new forensic practice is not, however, without concerns when benchmarked against established norms of investigative practice and criminal procedure. The critical questions emerge: how should IGG be used and in what circumstances? In this article, we contend that the current laws in Australia are not capable of regulating IGG appropriately and legislative reform is required.

Topic: Forensic and Genetic Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces

In this article we survey recent developments in the theory of constant mean curvature surfaces in homogeneous 3-manifolds, as well as some related aspects on existence and descriptive results for $H$-laminations and CMC foliations of Riemannian $n$-manifolds.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Liability Insurance as Protection Against Legal Error

If the legal system operates perfectly in applying the negligence rule, potential injurers always meet the standard of care and are never liable. But substantial evidence suggests that courts make mistakes in applying the negligence rule. We analyze the behavior of the potential injurer, the potential victim and the insurer in the presence of legal errors. We show that, as intuition suggests, the risk of legal errors is sufficient to create a demand for liability insurance. In equilibrium, potential victims sue with positive probability and potential injurers buy insurance,but purchase less than full coverage.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Deadly Fungus: Case of an Unidentified Severe Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

A 45-year-old man with no systemic illnesses was found by his neighbor lying unconscious and with recurrent involuntary movements, reason for which he was endotracheally intubated and brought to our institution. Upon evaluation, we found an acutely ill-looking man, with decreased level of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale 11) off sedation, on mechanical ventilator support with adequate oxygenation. Physical exam was remarkable for fever, scalp lacerations with old sutures, generalized rigidity and diaphoresis, with clear lungs and no abnormal heart sounds. Laboratory results showed no leukocytosis or leukopenia, but normocytic normochromic anemia; there were no electrolyte disturbances and negative toxicology screen. Head CT without intravenous contrast showed no findings suggesting bleeding, ischemia or space occupying lesions but reported parenchymal disease, and old skull and maxillofacial fractures. Patient’s neighbor referred that he was hospitalized 2 weeks ago at another institution with seizures that apparently caused him a 12-feet fall at work. Re-evaluation showed a positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. Lumbar puncture was performed. The opening pressure was markedly elevated (&gt; 30 cm H 2 O) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was consistent with fungal infection. He was promptly started in empiric antifungal therapy with amphotericin and flucytosine while waiting for CSF culture results. Meanwhile, serial lumbar punctures were performed to decrease intracranial pressure. HIV tests were sent and resulted positive. CSF culture showed Cryptococcus neoformans , and CSF cryptococcal antigen titer was positive in 1:32 dilutions. Diagnosis of severe cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was confirmed. Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading opportunistic infections seen in untreated patients with HIV and is uniformly fatal within approximately 2 weeks if untreated. Our patient’s prognosis was poor since admission; however, we just cannot stop thinking that maybe his prognosis could have been different if meningitis was even suspected and confirmed during patient’s previous hospitalization for seizures 2 weeks ago. J Med Cases. 2015;6(9):406-408 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2194w

Topic: Fungal Infections and Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
National Cancer Act Reauthorized For Two Years

Journal Article National Cancer Act Reauthorized For Two Years Get access Mary C. Knipmeyer, Ph.D. Mary C. Knipmeyer, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 20, 21 December 1988, Pages 1593–1594, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.20.1593 Published: 21 December 1988

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences