jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role Of A Young Family In Social Structure Of Russian Society

The negative consequences of the global crisis led to the de-structuring of the social institutions of society, and above all, the social sphere of life of various communities and groups. The discrepancy of social interests and needs of social subjects in modern society makes the study of the phenomenon of a young family as a primary social institution ever more relevant. In modern Russian society, the family undergoes a transformation, the essence of which is the transition of the family as a social group based on marriage and love to marriage partnership. In the absence of the necessary social support of the state, society, the young family initially loses stability, which determines the originality of its status. The young family is a special social formation – a social group characterized by special social qualities and properties, and above all – the young age of the spouses and a short period of interaction that determine specific interests and needs. The problem of a well-known opposition to the family and society, the family and its individual member, takes on global importance. The paper considers the status of a young family in the system of social ties – social structure of the society. Studying the factors necessary for the formation and strengthening of the status of a young family, attention is drawn to the fact that the institution of a young family needs to be studied not only from the standpoint of state interests, but also as a social value.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Socio-economic factors affecting deprivation of School attendance across Indian Districts and its implication on Public Expenditure

Education is seen as the best mechanism to achieve upward economic and social mobility by vulnerable masses. Even by the government, education is regarded as a proactive initiative through which it can hope to address the problem of regional imbalance in a sustainable manner. Many prior studies have identified various factors which have played significant role in depriving education for masses. However, studies which have identified magnitude of the factors impact in depriving of education are scarce. The present study identifies the causal factors which have deprived school attendance of students among households across Indian districts along with the magnitude of their impact. Through present study we were able to infer that nutrition of children, maternal health, years of schooling and financial inclusion of household played a significant role in affecting their school attendance. Through predictive probability, we were able to assess the magnitude of the impact of the following factors and their implications on public expenditure.

Topic: Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microencapsulation of Erythrocytes Extracted from Cavia porcellus Blood in Matrices of Tara Gum and Native Potato Starch

Ferropenic anemy is the leading iron deficiency disease in the world. The aim was to encapsulate erythrocytes extracted from the blood of Cavia porcellus, in matrices of tara gum and native potato starch. For microencapsulation, solutions were prepared with 20% erythrocytes; and encapsulants at 5, 10, and 20%. The mixtures were spray-dried at 120 and 140 °C. The iron content in the erythrocytes was 3.30 mg/g and between 2.32 and 2.05 mg/g for the encapsulates (p &lt; 0.05). The yield of the treatments varied between 47.84 and 58.73%. The moisture, water activity, and bulk density were influenced by the temperature and proportion of encapsulants. The total organic carbon in the atomized samples was around 14%. The particles had diverse reddish tonalities, which were heterogeneous in their form and size; openings on their surface were also observed by SEM. The particle size was at the nanometer level, and the zeta potential (ζ) indicated a tendency to agglomerate and precipitation the solutions. The presence of iron was observed on the surface of the atomized by SEM-EDX, and FTIR confirmed the encapsulation due to the presence of the chemical groups OH, C-O, C-H, and N-H in the atomized. On the other hand, high percentages of iron release in vitro were obtained between 88.45 and 94.71%. The treatment with the lowest proportion of encapsulants performed at 140 °C obtained the best results and could potentially be used to fortify different functional foods.

Topic: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Studies on the Effect of Boiling and Sprouting on Antioxidant Potential of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum)

The sprouted bulbs of Allium plants have been considered to be a waste in many kitchens and these discarded bulbs may contain improved antioxidant potentials as a result of sprouting. The study aimed to investigate how sprouting and boiling affect the antioxidant properties of garlic (Allium sativum) and onions (Allium cepa). Garlic and onion bulbs were either sprouted for 0–10 days or boiled for 0–8 minutes. The aqueous, methanol, and chloroform of the bulb extracts were then prepared, screened phytochemically, and their ability to scavenge 2, 2-diphenyl-1–picril–hydrazil (DPPH) radicals was employed to evaluate their antioxidant potentials using conventional techniques. The results show that boiling reduced the samples' total phenol, flavonoid, and ascorbic concentrations significantly (p&lt;0.05) regardless of the kind of solvent utilized. The sprouted methanol extract of onions (7.84 mg/g RE) at day 8 and sprouted methanol extract of garlic (20.16 mg/g RE) at day 10 showed a considerably (p&lt;0.05) higher total flavonoid content. All extracts expressed higher phenolic content at day 8 of sprouting onion and there was a significant increase till day 10 of sprouting garlic. The DPPH Scavenging activity of sprouted garlic and onions has the minimum activity on the 8th day. However, the comparative measure of ascorbic acid content in sprouted garlic and onions increases but differs slightly, Garlic has its maximum ascorbic content at the 10th day (8.820mg/g), while Onions has its maximum ascorbic content at 6th day (6.29mg/g). Generally, the antioxidant potentials of boiled extracts of onion and garlic decreased significantly. The study revealed that sprouting of onions and garlic could increase their antioxidant capacity while boiling reduces their antioxidant capacity in both samples.

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of the Private Sector in Advancing Antimicrobial Stewardship: Recommendations from the Global Chief Medical Officers' Network

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. If allowed to increase at the current rate, AMR could kill an estimated 10 million people per year and cost society approximately 100-200 trillion USD globally by 2050. The slow development of novel antimicrobials further exacerbates the problem. Most human antibiotic use occurs in homes and workplaces, where antibiotic-resistant infections may contribute to diminished performance and loss of work productivity. Employers in the private sector have the ability to reach large populations of employees and their families, raise awareness about AMR, and promote antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among their workforce. The authors describe 4 steps a company can take to help advance AMS: (1) sign the AMR Pledge, (2) perform a gap analysis, (3) implement and/or modify standard practices, and (4) measure and report outcomes. Real-world examples are provided, including barriers faced, in order to successfully implement initiatives to promote better AMS. Behavioral methods to influence change in the workplace are also presented. Both large and small companies can make a difference to support responsible use of antibiotics and improve the health and well-being of their employees.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Symmetric Wannier states and tight-binding model for quantum spin Hall bands in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$

Motivated by the observation of topological states in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$, we construct the symmetry-adapted Wannier states and tight-binding model for the quantum spin Hall bands in this system. Our construction is based on the symmetry analysis of Bloch states obtained from the continuum moiré Hamiltonian. For model parameters extracted from first-principles calculations, we find that the quantum spin Hall bands can be described by a tight-binding model defined on a triangular lattice. There are two Wannier states per valley, which have the same Wannier center but different angular momenta under threefold rotation. The tight-binding model not only reproduces the energy spectrum, but also accurately describes the topological phase transition induced by the out-of-plane displacement field. Our study sheds new light on the topological states in moiré transition metal dichalcogenides bilayers, and provides a route to addressing the many-body physics in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Estimation of the Dispersal Distance of the Onion Thrips, &lt;i&gt;Thrips tabaci&lt;/i&gt; Using Traps

We investigated the dispersal distance of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, using traps. In a greenhouse, fourteen hours after releasing thrips, we found insects at sticky traps up to 54 m from the release point. The estimated mean dispersal distance (±SE) was 7.4±0.25 m at thirty-nine hours after releasing thrips. In a field, forty-eight hours after releasing thrips applied with the fluorescent brightening agent, we found insects at traps up to 119 m from the release point. The estimated mean dispersal distance (±SE) was 66.6±10.7 m.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Suppression of the Immune Response by Synthetic Adjuvants.

Two classes of synthetic immunoadjuvants, the muramyl di-peptides, and the polyribonucleotide complexes, have the capacity to either elevate or suppress the immune response depending on the time of their administration relative to antigen. The long term objectives of this contract are to define the cell and molecular signals associated with the in vivo suppression of the immune response of Balb mice by each of these classes of non-toxic adjuvants.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Update on Clinical Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for <i>Candida</i> Species

With the emergence of fungi as important nosocomial pathogens, increasing reports of antifungal resistance, and expanding drug therapy options, the need for clinically relevant antifungal susceptibility testing is evident. Over the last decade, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) worked to standardize procedures for in vitro susceptibility testing of Candida species against fluconazole, itraconazole, 5‐fluorocytosine, and amphotericin B. With the establishment of a reproducible methodology, correlation of antifungal susceptibility in vitro with clinical outcome is a priority. The NCCLS proposed susceptibility breakpoints for the three agents against Candida species, with breakpoints for amphotericin B forthcoming. These breakpoints could provide useful guidance in some clinical situations involving azole or 5‐fluorocytosine therapy; however, routine susceptibility testing of fungal isolates should be discouraged.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Groundwater Monitoring and Tritium-Tracking Plan for the 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site

The 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS) is a drainfield which receives treated wastewater, occasionally containing high levels of tritium from treatment of Hanford Site liquid wastes. Only the SALDS proximal wells (699-48-77A, 699-48-77C, and 699-48-77D) have been affected by tritium from the facility thus far; the highest activity observed (2.1E+6 pCi/L) occurred in well 699-48-77D in February 1998. Analytical results of groundwater geochemistry since groundwater monitoring began at the SALDS indicate that all constituents with permit enforcement limits have been below those limits with the exception of one measurement of total dissolved solids (TDS) in 1996. The revised groundwater monitoring sampling and analysis plan eliminates chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, and ammonia as constituents. Replicate field measurements will replace laboratory measurements of pH for compliance purposes. A deep companion well to well 699-51-75 will be monitored for tritium deeper in the uppermost aquifer.

Topic: Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surgery of the nail plate

The nail plate, commonly called "the nail," is a platelike keratinous structure, which is exclusively formed by the matrix. It has several functions: it exerts a counterpressure against the upward force of the pulp-thus allowing a fine prehension-and protects the distal phalanx. The nail constitutes a very useful tool, but also is an awesome weapon. It is a very passive structure as its alterations may come from any surrounding structure (matrix, bed, proximal nail fold, etc.) or from any exogenous cause (infection, color, trauma, etc.).

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of video game-based training on postural control during gait initiation in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Both treatments were effective in improving COP trajectory during the phases of anticipatory and weight transition, while the intervention group was more effective during the phase of locomotor. So, these treatments can be recommended for clinical settings.Implications for rehabilitationThe video game and dual task training were effective in improving COP trajectory during the phases of anticipatory and weight transition.The video game-based training was more effective during the phase of locomotor.The study findings could have useful implications to further introduce cognition-based rehabilitation programs such as video games for older adults.Rehabilitation professionals could use the video game to improve the postural control of older adults.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Pigs and Vectors in the Mekong Delta With Special Reference to Urban Farming

Japanese encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus in East and South Asia, estimated to cause 60 000 human cases of Japanese encephalitis each year. The main transmission cycle for JEV is via mosquito vectors, mainly Culex species, between pigs and wading birds, the reservoir hosts. Incidental infection in humans can result in encephalitis with 30% case fatalities, and half of the survivors may have neurological sequelae. Some of the most important vectors, such as Culex tritaeniorhynchus, commonly breed in rice fields, and the disease is therefore mainly considered to be a risk in rural areas. However, increasing urbanisation creates needs and opportunities for urban agriculture, and since pork is popular in Southeast Asia, it is common to keep pigs in cities. With this in mind, this thesis focuses on three important aspects of JEV circulation; the pig, the vectors and the virus itself. Pigs are usually only clinically affected by JEV during pregnancy. Sows in the area around Can Tho city in the Mekong delta region of South Vietnam, where JEV occurs endemically, were investigated for the association between JEV seropositivity and reproduction. In total 315 sows were included, with 60% seropositive. In sows less than 1.5 years of age, seropositivity was associated with the occurrence of more stillborn piglets, but this association could not be observed when all sows were included in the analysis. Mosquitoes were collected in households within and surrounding Can Tho city. The numbers of the zoophilic vectors Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Culex gelidus were positively associated with pigs, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus, an anthropophilic vector, was positively associated with the number of people in the household. Of the 7885 mosquitoes collected, seven mosquito pools, collected close to pigs, were positive for JEV using nested RT-PCR. Four PCR fragments were similar to JEV genotype III and three to genotype I, indicating that both genotypes circulate in Can Tho city at the same time. Within Can Tho city all pigs sampled (43/43) were seropositive for JEV. These findings demonstrate that JEV can be a public health issue in urban as well as in rural areas and that it is associated with few reproductive problems in sows in an endemic area.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unusual Lipid Components of Legionella gormanii Membranes

Legionella spp. cause Legionnaires’ disease with pneumonia as the predominant clinical symptom. L. gormanii is the second most prevalent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia after L. pneumophila. The study aimed to characterize the lipidome of L. gormanii membranes and the importance of these analyses in bacterial chemotaxonomy. Lipidomic analyses based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the detection of individual molecular species of a wide range of L. gormanii membrane lipids contained in the outer (OM) and inner membranes (IM). The lipid profile comprised glycerolipids (triglycerides, diglycerides), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin), and sphingolipids (ceramides, hexosylceramides). The most abundant lipid fraction in the IM and OM were phospholipids. The lipidomic analysis showed that two independent phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis pathways operating in L. gormanii: the PE-methylation (PmtA) pathway and the PC synthase (Pcs) pathway. Comparison of the molecular profile of PC species contained in the lipids of L. gormanii membranes cultured on the medium, with and without exogenous choline, showed quantitative differences in the PC pool. An unusual feature of the L. gormanii lipids was the presence of ceramides and hexosylceramides, which are typical components of eukaryotic cells and a very small group of bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of ceramides in Legionella bacteria.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Smoking Cessation at the Community Pharmacy: Determinants of Success from a Real-Life Practice

The objectives of this study are to report the contribution of pharmacists to smoking cessation and study the determinants of smoking cessation success in eight pharmacies in Portugal (south) between 2009 and 2019. A real-life study was conducted with a sample of smokers who participated in pharmacist consultations. The sample included 135 smokers (average age of 47.9 ± 1.21 years), 79 (58.5%) of whom were male. In parallel with the motivation and behavioral approach, 116 (85.9%) smokers received pharmacological therapies: 108 (80.0%) were treated with nicotine replacement products and eight (5.9%) with non-nicotine medications. The interventions resulted in 70 (51.9%) smokers complying with the quit day, of whom 59 (43.7%) were smoking-abstinent at the end of the first month. Success rates were reduced to 32.6%, 28.1%, and 20.7% at the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, respectively. Smoking cessation was more successful for the participants receiving pharmacological therapies (Fisher’s exact test, p &lt; 0.001) and those who participated in more pharmacist consultations (χ2 = 59.994, p &lt; 0.001) and more telephone sessions (χ2 = 17.845, p &lt; 0.001). Pharmacists can contribute significantly to the promotion of smoking cessation. Smokers who are more thoroughly followed up by pharmacists showed increased success rates when compared with smokers having fewer sessions with pharmacists.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Production and characterization of durable self‐cleaning and engineering porous Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> /CaAl <sub>12</sub> O <sub>19</sub> ceramic membranes

Abstract The rapid development of engineering filtering process suggests that it is imperative to produce membrane substrates with a fine pore size, high gas permeation, and antifouling properties for efficient and long‐term application. This study reports on a novel fabrication method of a porous Al 2 O 3 /CaAl 12 O 19 ceramic membrane substrate by a direct foaming method combined with cement solidification and tape‐casting technology. The microstructure of the produced ceramic membrane consisted of pores with a size of 50‐150 μm, which were interconnected with each other with a large number of small filtering functional pores of &lt;10 μm. By increasing the amount of the foaming agent, the porosity of the porous Al 2 O 3 /CaAl 12 O 19 ceramic membranes was tailored from 64.8% to 80.5%, and the bending strength decreased from 32.1 ± 1.0 to 9.6 ± 0.9 MPa, respectively. The sintered hydrophilic ceramic substrate was successfully modified to a hydrophobic one (with water contact angles of 143°) by pyrolysis of dimethyldichlorosilane and dichloromethylsilane. The resultant membrane displayed high chemical stability and self‐cleaning features. The membrane with a porosity of 64.8% had a N 2 permeation of 3.0 (±0.5) × 10 7 L m −2 h −1 at 0.5 bar and a water flux which could be totally suppressed at a liquid entry pressure of 0.45 bar.

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recoil tritium reactions with propene in the gas phase

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecoil tritium reactions with propene in the gas phaseKent I. Mahan and John K. GarlandCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 8, 1031–1036Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100678a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100678a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences