jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract NT-095: ERADICATION OF CHEMORESISTANT METASTATIC OVARIAN CANCER WITH IMMUNOTARGETED EPIGENOMIC NANOSURGERY (IEN)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Resistance to conventional chemotherapy such as cisplatin, and radiotherapy in ovarian cancer may be caused by deregulated oncogenic miRNA-221/222 inhibiting induction of apoptosis. METHODS: Chemoradioresistant cells overexpressing EphA2 were obtained for developing an ovarian metastatic cancer model, which was treated with anti-EphA2 MAbs immunotargeted pegylated nanosomes with encapsulated paired guide-RNAs targeting 3' and 5' of the precursor microRNA 221/222. RESULTS: Post-treatment, the paired guide-RNAs caused deletions in the targeted pre-microRNA 221/222 genomic-sequences removing the stem-loop hairpins after blockade of RNase-III Drosha and DGCR8 (microprocessor-complex), subsequent transport by exportin-5/RanGTP and cleavage by Dicer inhibiting miRNA221/222 biogenesis, and miRNP circumventing their incorporation in RISC, and subsequent mRNA cleavage of coding genes regulating according to NGS the PTEN, GJA1, SEMA3B, TIMP3, PTPRM, CDKN1C, MGMT, CDKN1B, PUMA, connexin-43 (CX-43), c-Jun, MMP, NF-kB, PI3K, p27/Kip1, PTPμ, NIAP, ICAM-1, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3/Akt, CDK4, CDKN1C/p57, p53, and p57 inhibiting metastatic ovarian cancer cell proliferation, chemo/radioresistance, migration, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and maintenance of MET expressing ovarian metastatic cancer stem cells, while inducing cytotoxic immune responses (CTLs), and D2 irreversible stage of apoptosis or programmed cell death type-I leading to a bystander killing effect (BKE) due to phagocytosis of adjacent tumor cells according to transmission electron micrographs. CONCLUSION: Immunotargeted epigenomic nanosurgery may eradicate metastatic ovarian cancer after inhibition of oncogenic miRNA 221/222 expression, and downstream signaling pathways involving interactions with coding RNA genes leading to apoptosis or PCD type I and BKE after the circumvention of chemo/radioresistant mechanisms. Citation Format: John N. Giannios. ERADICATION OF CHEMORESISTANT METASTATIC OVARIAN CANCER WITH IMMUNOTARGETED EPIGENOMIC NANOSURGERY (IEN) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr NT-095.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of microRNA Regulated Macrophage Actions on Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction is bolstered by chronic, low-grade inflammation and impairs systemic metabolic health. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) perpetuate local inflammation but are crucial to adipose tissue homeostasis, exerting heterogeneous, niche-specific functions. Diversified macrophage actions are shaped through finely regulated factors, including microRNAs, which post-transcriptionally alter macrophage activation. Numerous studies have highlighted microRNAs’ importance to immune function and potential as inflammation-modulatory. This review summarizes current knowledge of regulatory networks governed by microRNAs in ATMs in white adipose tissue under obesity stress.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The heat transfer research of high vacuum multi-layers insulating cryogenic vessel after vacuum loss

Sudden and complete vacuum loss is a serious accident which probably happens on a multilayer insulated vessel.For the multilayer insulated vessel use of safety,heat leakage after vacuum loss is an important parameter for multilayer insulated vessel design.A study was done on an industrialized multilayer insulated vessel calorimetric with liquid nitrogen as the medium,and the heat transfer rate of the vessel without vacuum loss and inner and outer vessel wall with leak was obtained.The result shows that the rate of emission and heat leakage increased sharply,but multilayer insulation material still could keep some heat.Since part gases of air became solidified,the heat leakage rate of outer vessel wall is much higher than inner wall after leak.

Topic: Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effects of the College Life Stress on the Mental Health of Health University College Students

본 연구는 보건계열 대학생의 일반적인 특성과 대학생활 스트레스가 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 2019년 5월 1일부터 15일 까지 G광역시에 소재한 2개 대학의 보건계열 대학생 520명에게 구조화된 설문지를 바탕으로 조사하였다. 응답이 미비한 대상을 제외한 최종 493명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 일반적인 특성과 정신건강과의 관계에서는 성별, 학과만족도, 건강상태, 경제 상태에서 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생활 스트레스의 하위 요인과 정신건강과의 상관분석은 모두 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 건강상태가 좋지 않을수록 정신건강은 부(-)적 영향을 나타났고, 대학생활 스트레스 하위요인으로 친구와의 관계, 가치관의 관계, 이성과의 관계, 교수와의 관계, 학업의 문제가 정신건강과 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 보건계열 대학생은 졸업 후 보건의료 관련 업무에 종사해야 하므로 보다 적극적인 정신 및 신체 건강 향상을 위한 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Topic: Education and Learning Interventions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Westway’s Fill and America’s Protected Waters

Abstract This chapter focuses on another prominent issue in Westway's legal battles—water issues, primarily in relation to the Hudson River. The water battles consisted of concerns over aquatic habitat destruction and substantial threats to fishery, as the opposition questioned claims that Westway's aquatic impacts on the Hudson would be benign. Westway's supporters, in contrast, dismissed these environmental concerns as a make-weight issue. Incremental harms to the environment seemed invisible, or at least seemed dwarfed by more obvious, immediate, localized benefits. Regardless of partisans' motivations and views, federal law required close analysis of Westway's impact on fishery, especially in terms of harm to striped bass. These laws and linked impacts soon became the focus of regulatory and judicial controversy.

Topic: American Environmental and Regional History
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES IN COMPLETE ARTERIAL REVASCULARIZATION IN MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. Review

Relevance. Multi arterial bypass surgery comprises nearly 10% of the overall operations for ischemic heart disease. Multiple studies proved the superiority of arterial grafts for multivessel coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the vast majority of conduits utilized for multiple bypasses are saphenous vein grafts. With the increasing popularity of radial artery utilization, the gastroepiploic artery remains a faded option. So more studies should be conducted for evaluation of the benefits from the gastroepiploic artery in the setting of multi-arterial revascularization.&#x0D; Objective. Presentation of approaches and operative techniques for complete arterial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.&#x0D; Methods. Analytical review of literature on keywords in international scientometric databases Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science. Search depth 12 years: from 2007 to 2018.&#x0D; Results. The current paper presents operative techniques and approaches to complete arterial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. The internal mammary artery remains the “gold standard” for the left anterior descending artery anastomosis site. Multiple arterial grafting is superior in terms of overall and cardiac survival. Emerging evidence of radial artery high term patency suggests the use of this arterial graft. Bilateral internal artery utilization provides long-term survival. Supplemental radial artery grafting to bilateral internal mammary provides complete arterial revascularization and can be safely used in routine cardiac surgery practice. Gastroepiploic artery proved superior patency rates, compared to saphenous vein grafts. Right coronary artery territory is an ideal anastomotic site for gastroepiploic artery grafting. The inferior epigastric artery may be used in addition to other arterial grafts as free graft or as y- or t-graft in the setting of multivessel coronary atherosclerotic lesions.&#x0D; Conclusion. Complete arterial revascularization provides symptomatic relief from coronary artery disease provides superior patency rates and lowers the incidence of major adverse cardiac events.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solutions of the Loewner equation with combined driving functions

The paper is devoted to the multiple chordal Loewner differential equation with different driving functions on two time intervals. We obtain exact implicit or explicit solutions to the Loewner equations with piecewise constant driving functions and with combined constant and square root driving functions. In both cases, there is an analytical and geometrical description of generated traces.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The supplementation of dietary selenium yeast and green tea‐derived polyphenols improves antioxidant capacity and immune response in juvenile Wuchang bream under ammonia stress

In order to investigate protective effects of dietary selenium yeast and green tea-derived polyphenols on ammonia stress, healthy Wuchang bream juveniles (3.24 ± 0.08 g) were fed basal diets and three treatment diets supplemented with 0.50 mg/kg selenium yeast, 50 mg/kg green tea-derived polyphenols, and combination of 0.50 mg/kg selenium yeast and 50 mg/kg green tea-derived polyphenols, respectively. After a 60-day feeding, fish were exposed to 22.5 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 48 hr. The results showed that total antioxidant capacity, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum were higher in three treatment groups than in control group before and after ammonia exposure (p < .05), while serum cortisol was lower in three treatment groups (p < .05). Similarly, the content and mRNA levels of splenic interleukin 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and immunoglobulin M showed significant increases in three treatment groups in relative to the controls (p < .05). Splenic lesions for three treatment groups were less severe, and the healing process of the lesions was faster than the control group after ammonia exposure. These findings demonstrated that single and combined supplementation of selenium yeast and green tea-derived polyphenols could enhance antioxidant and immune responses to alleviate oxidative stress and damage by ammonia. Overall, the combination of selenium yeast and green tea-derived polyphenols has a potential use as a preventive or therapeutic measure in ammonia-exposed fish.

Topic: Selenium in Biological Systems
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacokinetics of mefloquine in treatment failure.

The pharmacokinetics of mefloquine at the therapeutic dose of 750 mg single orally were compared between cured and recrudescent patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Mefloquine was well-tolerated during the study. The side-effects found were nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Five patients showed R-I and two showed R-II types of response. All recrudescent patients came from the eastern border of Thailand. The time taken to clear the parasites (PCT) was significantly longer in patients with recrudescence (99.6 +/- 36.9 and 63.0 +/- 8.9 hours); however, there was no difference regarding fever clearance time (FCT: 39.0 +/- 16.1 and 31.0 +/- 21.3 hours). The maximum concentration (Cmax) and the concentration on the first and second days in cured patients were significantly higher than those of treatment failure patients. Other pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be similar in both groups. The present study indicates the existence of mefloquine-resistant falciparum malaria in the eastern border of Thailand. Inadequate mefloquine concentration may play an important role in this aspect. In addition, this study also suggests that Cmax or the concentrations on the first or second day of treatment may be used as guidelines to predict the outcome of treatment.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multicolor Enzymatic Immunohistochemistry Assays for FFPE Tissue

While immunofluorescence (IF) has become a preferred method of concurrently detecting multiple antigenic markers within a single tissue specimen, immunoenzymatic chromogen staining with multiple colored substrates remains an informative and important research tool (1, 2). Staining specimens with immunoenzymatic chromogens allows researchers to cast a broader net for investigating targets because, unlike IF, it is permanent and can be visualized in relation to the comprehensive morphology of tissue specimens (1, 2). This stability also allows standard histological stains to be used in conjunction with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) to give researchers an additional layer of information. Immunofluorescence is often preferred over enzymatic IHC because it is a technically simpler method of visualizing multiple antigenic markers. Imaging with a fluorescent microscope and creating the composite images of multiple IF color channels can be the most complicated aspect of IF staining, but quantification of distinctly stained elements is simple and precise. The development of assays involving multiple IHC chromogenic substrates presents many challenges, such as determining the appropriate sequence of marker application/detection, compatibility of cellular localization of combined markers, special requirements for preparation of various enzymatic substrates, visual contrast compatibility of chromogenic substrates, the length of the overall staining process, and methods of analyzing staining results (1, 2). These potential IHC development obstacles can take time to overcome, but when the IHC assay is complete, the various chromogens can be visualized simultaneously, using standard light microscopy, and can be viewed repeatedly without altering staining results. These qualities of multicolor IHC are of significant value to researchers, especially in the early phases of study. There are now many tools available to easily resolve some of the significant assay development obstacles of multicolor enzymatic immunohistochemistry. Abcam has developed kits for easy antibody conjugation (both Horseradish Peroxidase and Alkaline Phosphatase), and a range of chromogenic substrates with improved stability. These products reduce the challenges of involved substrate preparation, and significantly reduce the length of staining procedures. The present work discusses how improved reagents simplify multicolor enzymatic IHC assay development for Formalin-Fixed Paraffin- Embedded (FFPE) tissues.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of microstructure of polypropylene alloys

Two polypropylene (PP) alloys, which have similar composition, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, but different processing and application properties, were fractionated using a preparative temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique. It was found that PP alloys are mainly composed of four components: ethylene–propylene random copolymer, block-type copolymer, transition copolymer and propylene homopolymer. However, the fractionation data show that the distribution and the composition are different for these two samples. A possible mechanism is proposed for the formation of PP alloys of different compositions. Based on this mechanism, some possible adjustment of the polymerization parameters is suggested to control the microstructure. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fractal techniques as alternative of Fourier transform for fast search of periodic events in time series

In our day Fourier analysis is commonly used in varies fields, that require information extraction form time series data. However, the Fourier technique has own pros and cons and we can found, that more contemporary approaches can give significant improvements in some cases. We take the example of astrophysical problem and try to resolve it with Fourier analysis in comparison with Fractal analysis. From our results one can find, that in cases of noise extraction Fractal techniques are more efficient and decrease the time of analysis of time series. The proposed approaches can be applied on other fields, to analyze the data sets with dramatically increased volume.

Topic: Computational Physics and Python Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pediatric Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Results of Initial 100 Consecutive Cases Including Congenital Heart Anomalies

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has recently become a management option for pediatric tachycardia. We reviewed the records of a total of 100 patients (aged 10 months to 19 yr) who had undergone RFCA, from March 2000 to June 2004. Types of arrhythmia (age, acute success rate) were as follows: atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT, 9.0+/-3.7 yr, 66/67), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT, 13+/-2.5 yr, 16/16), ectopic atrial tachycardia (6.4+/-3.3 yr, 5/5), junctional ectopic tachycardia (10 month, 1/1), ventricular tachycardia (12+/-4.9 yr, 6/6), postsurgical intraatrial reentrant tachycardia (15.6+/-4.1 yr, 2/3), twin node tachycardia (4 yr, 0/1), and His bundle ablation (9 yr, 1/1). The age of AVNRT was older than that of AVRT (p=0.002). Associated cardiac disease was detected in 17 patients, including 6 univentricular patients, and 3 Ebstein's anomaly patients. RFCA for multiple accessory pathways required longer fluoroscopic times than did the single accessory pathway (53.9+/-4.8 vs. 36.2+/-24.1 min; p=0.03), and was associated with a higher recurrence rate (3/9 vs. 3/53; p=0.03). Regardless of the presence or absence of cardiac diseases, the overall acute success rate was 97% without major complications, the recurrence rate was 8.2%, and the final success rate was 97%. This experience confirmed the efficacy and safety of RFCA in the management of tachycardia in children.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrophoretic and Antigenic Comparisons of the Ixodid Ticks Amblyomma maculatum and A. americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Disc gel electrophoretic patterns of female and male Amblyomma maculatum Koch extracts are similar but not identical. A comparison of combined male-female A. americanum (L.) with male and female A. maculatum extracts suggests that several common proteins exist. Sera from rabbits immunized with unfed male A. maculatum extract formed a precipitin band with both male and female A. maculatum antigens as well as the combined male-female A. americanum antigens. However, sera from calves immunized with unfed male and female A. maculatum gave no detectable precipitin reactions.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hollow Fiber Hemodialyzers for Partial Respiratory Support

Acute respiratory failure is still characterized by a high mortal ity rate, in spite of the development of ingenious treatment modalities involv ing mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal respiratory support. The coex istence of renal failure further complicates the outlook for respiratory failure patients. In this paper the development of the blood oxygenator and current aspects of its application are described. The concept of applying dialysis membranes for partial respiratory support is presented. An experimental animal model which was performed with A-V cannulation using dialysis membranes for partial respiratory support and simultaneous dialysis is analyzed. It is concluded that dialysis membranes are efficient for blood gas exchange and that their use in the management of the above-mentioned types of critically ill patients is promising.

Topic: Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MECHANISM OF PINK1-MEDIATED UBIQUITIN PHOSPHORYLATION

Ubiquitin phosphorylation by PINK1 (PTEN-induced Putative Kinase 1) is crucial for mitochondrial quality control and loss or mutation of PINK1 can lead to autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). PINK1 is an unusual kinase, as it is characterised by three unique insertions in its kinase N lobe and a C-terminal region after the kinase domain. Despite great effort, a structure of PINK1 could not be determined and the molecular mechanism of ubiquitin phosphorylation and the effect of the PINK1 AR-JP patient mutations remained elusive. The versatile modifier ubiquitin (Ub) is also an unusual kinase substrate, as its phosphorylation site (Ser65) is not exposed, but protected by the Ub fold. Hence, it was not clear how a kinase would be able to target Ser65 of Ub. This work shows that Ub needs to adopt a previously described conformation in order to be efficiently phosphorylated by PINK1. NMR experiments revealed that in a small population of Ub the last β-strand is retracted, resulting in a more accessible Ser65 loop. It could be shown that PINK1 binds the Ser65 loop in this C-terminally retracted conformation (Ub-CR), but not in the ‘common’ conformation. In addition, it could be shown that Ub trapped in the Ub-CR conformation by point mutations (Ub TVLN) is phosphorylated significantly faster than Ub wt, which only adopts the Ub-CR conformation at very low frequency. To further elucidate how PINK1 binds and phosphorylates Ub, the kinase domain of Pediculus humanus corporis (Ph)PINK1 was crystallised in complex with Ub TVLN stabilised by a nanobody. The structure revealed many peculiarities of PINK1, such as the architecture of the unique insertions and the C-terminal region. Together with NMR and mass spectrometry studies, the structure explains how PINK1 interacts with ubiquitin via insertion-3 and its activation segment, and how PINK1 utilises the Ub- CR conformation for efficient Ser65 phosphorylation. In addition, the structure shows that two autophosphorylation sites in the N lobe regulate PINK1, by stabilising the functionally important insertions. The structure helped our understanding of the molecular basis of over 40 AR-JP patient mutations and may guide the design of ARJP therapeutics in the future.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tight lower bounds for block-structured integer programs

Abstract We study fundamental block-structured integer programs called tree-fold and multi-stage IPs. Tree-fold IPs have a constraint matrix with independent blocks linked together by few constraints in a recursive pattern. Transposing this constraint matrix yields the constraint matrix of multi-stage IPs. The state-of-the-art algorithms to solve these IPs have an exponential gap in their running times, making it natural to ask whether this gap is inherent. We answer this question in the affirmative. Assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis, we prove lower bounds showing that the exponential difference is necessary. This also proves that the known algorithms are essentially optimal. Moreover, we prove unconditional lower bounds on the size of the Graver basis elements, a fundamental building block of all known algorithms to solve these IPs. This shows that none of the current approaches can be improved beyond this bound unconditionally.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences