jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in the Middle East and North Africa

Water has a precious value, and each drop must be accounted for in water scarce regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. Therefore, wastewater has to be reclassified as a renewable water resource rather than as waste. This helps in augmenting water availability, and at the same time in preventing environmental pollution. Utilization of this resource requires collection, treatment, and use of all generated wastewater. Although reuse of wastewater is recognized in most water-scarce countries, the reuse of wastewater is still very low. This paper analyzes the major components of a sustainable wastewater reuse scheme. It also reviews the different methods that are frequently used to quantify and report progress and achievements in wastewater reuse. The paper also introduces an alternative yardstick named by the author as the Wastewater Reuse Index (WRI) that has a value between 0-100; WRI is calculated by dividing the amounts of wastewater being actually reused by the total amounts of wastewater generated at country level. WRI enables water resource managers and policymakers to put a figure on the gap between achievements at different junctures. Moreover, WRI recognizes water saving efforts such as low water consumption and reducing losses; thus, WRI highlights the way forward for improving the reuse efficiency as an integral part of water resources management. The paper highlights the major barriers to extensive reuse of the reclaimed wastewater in the MNEA countries.

Topic: Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Small group facilitation skills in problem-based learning

The South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education (SEAJME) is the culmination of the SEARAME's vision to bring together medical educationists in the region to promote collaborative efforts toward uplifting the standards of medical education in the region and beyond through dissemination of knowledge. This journal will be the ideal platform to disseminate research findings and stimulate discussion among experts in the field. Open access policy of the journal will facilitate this ideal.From November 2019, The South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education (SEAJME) is indexed in EuroPub

Topic: Problem and Project Based Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure S2 from Imprecision and DNA Break Repair Biased towards Incompatible End Joining in Leukemia

&lt;p&gt;Microhomologies within repair junctions from substrate #7 in CLL and B cells. The most frequent sequences (frequency &gt;100) are aligned and microhomologies given as colored letters. ssDNA overhangs are marked by colored areas.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Displasia renal multiquística: em defesa de uma experiência conservadora.

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MDK) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the main cystic renal disease in children. Our institution follow-up protocol of MDK uses, as has been performed more widely in the last two decades, a conservative attitude.To characterize MDK cases followed in our Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Nephrology, evaluate their progress and reflect on the protocol adopted.36 MDK patients observed between January 1995 and December 2009 were included in this retrospective study and followed-up. In 35 children the diagnosis was the result of prenatal ultrasound. All children underwent a systematic protocol, including conservative treatment (no surgery) and periodic clinical, laboratory and ultrasound evaluation. All children underwent a MAG3 renogram or a 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy and a voiding cystourethrography, only repeated in cases of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).Eighteen children (50%) are male. The median age of first visit was four weeks. The median of follow-up was 65 months. The MDK was in the left kidney in 20 children (56%). The median age of onset was 10 and six weeks Contralateral nephro-urologic pathology was identified in 10 cases (28%): seven children with VUR (grade ≥ IV in three), two with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and one with mild pelvic dilatation. There was involution of dysplastic kidney in 27 cases (75%), partial in 24 and total in three. The involution rate was higher in the first 36 months. There was a progressive compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney, with the highest rate in the first two years of life. There was resolution of VUR in five of the seven units reflux (three spontaneous and two after ureteral reimplantation). The two children with UPJO underwent surgery. There was no malignant degeneration and there was not carry out any nephrectomy of dysplastic kidney. Urinary infection occurred in nine children (25%), three of which have VUR and two with UPJO. There were no cases of hypertension or decreased glomerular filtration rate.The results of this study are generally consistent with other casuistics and confirm the fairness of a conservative attitude in the approach of children with MDK. This clinical approach is safe, with a minimum incidence of complications, with tendency to involution of dysplasic kidney being the rule.

Topic: Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pelvic Retroversion is Associated with Flat Back and Cam Type Femoro-Acetabular Impingement in Young Elite Skiers

Introduction: The spino-pelvic complex in humans helps to maintain an upright posture, by balancing the spinal sagittal alignment with the hip joints and pelvic girdle. The extent of how the hip joint may influence the spino-pelvic alignment is not fully understood. Hip joint cam femoro-acetabular impingement is a common source of hip and groin disability in young athletes and has been linked to abnormal joint morphology from repetitive loading of the proximal femoral head abutting against the acetabulum. The aim of this study was to compare the radiological parameters of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment and spinal types according to Roussouly’s classification in relation to hip joint cam femoro-acetabular impingement.
Methods: The sample group (n=102), mean age (17.7 ± 1.4) years, consisted of elite skiers (n=75) and nonathletes (n=27). Hip joints were examined for increased morphological cam deformity, (alpha angle greater than 55o) with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and standing lateral plain radiographs were taken for measurements of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment.
Results: A significant difference was shown in a mixed population (skiers and non-athletes) for an increased Pelvic Tilt angle (13°, SD 10.2) in the presence of morphological hip joint cam deformity compared with participants without cam deformity (8.5°, SD 7.1, P=0.036). Type II Roussouly spines occurred more frequently in skiers in the presence of increased cam (67%) compared with no cam (33%), however, this was not significant (P=0.19). Secondary findings highlighted significant differences shown for the prevalence of cam in a mixed-population for gender; males 60% (n=26) shown to have significantly more cam deformity compared with females 22% (n=10, P=0.001). Similar for height, with taller participants being shown to have significantly more cam deformity >177cm (SD 7.6) compared with no cam deformity <170 cm (SD 7.5, P=0.001).
Conclusion: A significant difference was shown with an increased Pelvic Tilt angle for an age-matched mixedgroup of elite skiers and non-athletes in the presence of increased morphological hip joint cam type femoro-acetabular impingement. Moreover, Elite skiers were shown to have an increased distribution of spinal Type II classification according to Roussouly in the presence of an increased frequency of cam femoro-acetabular impingement.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How to build an Interactive Digital Atlas

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-1089 / How to build an Interactive Digital Atlas by: B. D. Z. Dalke, N. A. T. Regattieri, L. E. B. Dorini, A. P. Vieira; Curitiba/BR

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Allergic rhinitis in children: effects of flunisolide and disodium cromoglycate on nasal eosinophil cationic protein

Summary Background Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is one of the major, cytotoxic molecules produced by eosinophils, which can be used as a marker of allergic inflammation. Objective In this placebo‐controlled study we measured nasal and serum ECP levels to verify their possible role in monitoring the efficacy of anti‐inflammatory therapy in allergic chronic rhinitis in 38 children aged from 4 to 14 yr, allergic to house dust mites. Method Nasal ECP, by the method of direct incubation on nasal mucosa, and serum ECP were determined before and after 3 weeks of treatment with flunisolide nasal spray 50 μg twice/daily (13 cases, Group 1), disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 10.4mg three times/day (15 cases, Group 2) and placebo (10 cases, Group 3). The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated clinically and correlated to serum and nasal ECP values. Results Before treatment no significant difference emerged in the clinical scores of the three groups of patients. Before and after treatment serum ECP levels were not statistically different from normal controls. Before treatment nasal ECP was significantly higher in all patients compared with controls ( P &lt; 0.001). Nasal ECP decreased significantly in flunisolide‐treated patients ( P &lt; 0.01) (before therapy: median 111 μg/L, range from 33.6 to 200 μg/L; after therapy: median 36.8 μg/L, range from 2.6 to 196 μg/D, but not in DSCG‐treated patients, (before therapy: median 66.2 μg/L, range from 32.3 to 200 μg/L; after therapy: median 60.4 μg/L, range from 7.9 to l44 μg/L). No significant variation was present in the placebo group. Clinical improvement was statistically significant after flunisolide therapy ( P &lt; 0.05), less evident after DSCG (P = 0.06). Conclusion Serum ECP in chronic allergic rhinitis has been shown to be not useful in monitoring allergic inflammation, but nasal ECP, determined by mucosal incubation, may be used to evaluate the activity of eosinophils and monitor the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of therapy in chronic rhinitis.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Glow Curve Readout of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) Chips at Maximum Temperatures Between 240 oC and 280 oC: Elimination of the Residual Signal

Journal Article Glow Curve Readout of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) Chips at Maximum Temperatures Between 240 oC and 280 oC: Elimination of the Residual Signal Get access L. Oster, L. Oster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y.S. Horowitz, Y.S. Horowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Horowitz (INVITED) A. Horowitz (INVITED) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Pages 407–411, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081980 Published: 01 October 1993

Topic: Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Manual corneal thickness measurements of healthy equine eyes using a portable spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography device

Summary Reasons for performing study Corneal thickness measurements of the equine globe using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography ( SD‐OCT ) have not been reported. Objectives To determine corneal thickness measurements and the intra‐ and interoperator reliability of a portable SD‐OCT device in equine eyes. Study design Prospective observational study. Methods Horses free of ocular disease were used for this study. Gentle manual restraint, in combination with detomidine hydrochloride and a head stand, were employed to ensure proper animal positioning. Corneal pachymetry measurements were obtained from both eyes of each animal 3 times by 2 operators in succession. A 6 mm corneal pachymetry protocol was performed using a portable SD ‐ OCT device. All measurements were obtained manually by one operator ( C.G.P. ) using the integrated calliper function. Measurements included epithelial thickness, stromal thickness, D escemet's membrane thickness and total corneal thickness. All recorded measurements were analysed to determine both intra‐ and interoperator reliability. Results Thirty horses with a mean age of 10.6 ± 6.4 years were examined. Mean epithelial, stromal, D escemet's membrane and total corneal thickness values obtained were, respectively, 174.7 ± 13.6, 599.2 ± 45.4, 38.4 ± 15.3 and 812.0 ± 44.1 μm for operator A and 175.9 ± 12.9, 599.2 ± 44.9, 38.4 ± 15.0 and 812.9 ± 42.9 μm for operator B . A positive correlation was found between D escemet's membrane thickness and age, whereby D escemet's membrane thickness increased by 2 μm/year (P&lt;0.0001). The coefficients of variation for both operators were &lt;4% for all measurements. Intraclass correlations ranged from 0.92 to 0.98. Conclusions Manual corneal thickness measurement using a portable SD ‐ OCT device provides epithelial, stromal, Descemet's membrane and total corneal thickness measurements with clinically acceptable intra‐ and interoperator reliability in healthy equine eyes.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“I Don’t Think Kids Nowadays Feel Like They Have a Lot of Power”: Exploring Teacher Civic Commitments in a National Online Letter Writing Project

This study investigates teacher participation in a national online youth civic letter writing project through the lens of teacher civic commitments. Drawing on in-depth interviews and survey data from teachers who participated in the Letters to the Next President 2.0 project, civic commitments are articulated through civic beliefs, learning goals, instructional enactments, and geopolitical context. With a generic shared belief in “youth voice,” teachers enacted the civic letter writing project through instructional activities that included (a) choice of topic, (b) publication, (c) reading letters from other youth, (d) research, (e) peer dialogue, and (f) connections beyond the Letters project. While beliefs appeared widely shared, divergence in learning goals and enactments led to distinct learning opportunities for students. With minimal research exploring the role of teachers in student civics learning, this study provides new insights to guide teacher preparation and ongoing teacher development in the realm of civics education.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring Perceived Well-Being from Urban Parks: Insights from a Megacity in Latin America

Urbanization has impacted biodiversity and ecosystems at a global scale. At the same time, it has been recognized as a driver of the physical and emotional gap between humans and nature. The lack of direct contact with nature can have a negative impact on several aspects of human well-being and change knowledge and attitudes of people towards the environment. However, this phenomenon is still poorly understood in megacities outside developed countries. Here, we explore the relationship between ecological knowledge and self-reported well-being in an important urban park in Santiago, Chile. We conducted semi-structured surveys of park users to explore their beliefs, preferences, ecological knowledge of plants and birds, and self-reported well-being. Citizens associated urban parks mainly with “nature,” and particularly with the presence of trees and plants. Trees were recognized as the most relevant elements of urban parks; in turn, birds were ranked as the less relevant. Regarding formal ecological knowledge, respondents correctly identified an average of 2.01 plants and 2.44 birds out of a total of 10 for each taxon, and exotic species were more likely to be recognized. Park users also reported high scores for self-reported well-being. Interestingly, variance of self-reported well-being scores tended to increase at low levels of ecological knowledge of trees, but no significant relationship was detected with knowledge of birds, nor native species. Ecological knowledge of trees was positively related to self-reported well-being. Results suggest that parks can positively contribute to bring people closer to nature in middle-income countries. Improving ecological knowledge can be critical to restore the relationship between humans and nature in megacities.

Topic: Urban Green Space and Health
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elimination of the listeriolysin O-directed immune response by conservative alteration of the immunodominant listeriolysin O amino acid 91 to 99 epitope

A major H2-Kd-presented epitope for antilisterial cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is the nanomer peptide which corresponds to the amino acid 91 to 99 (aa91-99) sequence from listeriolysin O (LLO). Although the LLO sequence contains at least five additional nanomer peptides which also satisfy the H2-Kd binding motif, aa91-99 is the only LLO-derived target peptide that is recognized by antilisterial CTLs following infection of BALB/c mice with Listeria monocytogenes. In order to investigate further the immunodominance of the LLO aa91-99 epitope following endogenous processing of LLO, we introduced a point mutation in hly (the gene for LLO) which results in a conservative Y-to-F substitution for the anchor residue at position 2 within the aa91-99 sequence. This "92F" L. monocytogenes mutant produces biologically active LLO and is phenotypically indistinct from wild-type L. monocytogenes in terms of intracellular growth in vitro and virulence in vivo. BALB/c mice actively immunized with the 92F L. monocytogenes mutant are protected against challenge with wild-type L. monocytogenes. Antilisterial CTLs from mice immunized with the 92F mutant lyse targets infected with L. monocytogenes; however, these CTLs do not lyse target cells pulsed with either the LLO aa91-99 peptide, other LLO-derived peptides which satisfy the H2-Kd binding motif, or a peptide corresponding to the LLO aa91-92F-99 sequence. Target cells pulsed with the LLO aa91-92F-99 peptide are, however, lysed by wild-type LLO aa91-99-specific cytotoxic cells. Thus, a conservative amino acid change in the first anchor residue of the immunodominant aa91-99 sequence of LLO eliminates the induction of the cytotoxic cell response to this epitope as well as to any of the other candidate LLO-derived peptides which fit the H2-Kd binding motif. The lack of anti-LLO-specific CTLs following immunization with the 92F mutant does not appear, however, to influence the protective antilisterial immune response.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Assessment of Implementation Strategies of Integrated Early Childcare and Development (IECD) in Epe Local Government Area of Lagos State

The study investigated implementation strategies of integrated EarlyChildcare and Development (IECD) in Epe Local Government Area of LagosState. The sample for the study comprises 53 headteachers and 89 caregivers using purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used was a two part questionnaire. Simple percentages and chi-square (x2) were used toanalyse the data. The result showed that major stakeholders inimplementation of IECD were yet to be given proper in-service training. Thestudy also revealed non-availability of IECD curriculum and instructional/play materials in some schools/centres. Recommendations on how to properly implement the IECD curriculum were made.Lagos

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Compensatory Photosynthetic Responses of Three African Graminoids to Different Fertilization, Watering, and Clipping Regimes

Three C4 graminoids, Kyllinga nervosa, Themeda triandra, and Hyparrhenia filipendula, were grown in unbalanced factorial treatment designs of clipping height, clipping frequency, watering frequency, and nitrogen availability for periods equivalent to one growing season, after which gas exchange was measured on all plants. Clipped plants in all three species had higher photosynthetic rates, but the percentage of stimulation was least in T. triandra. Stimulation of photosynthesis may have been caused by increased stomatal opening.

Topic: Pasture and Agricultural Systems
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification and characterization of a novel species, Providencia xianensis sp. nov., isolated from clinical infections

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that the Providencia genus harbors certain opportunistic pathogens capable of causing human infections, some of which may be severe. In our collection of clinical Providencia isolates, we identified two strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria identified as Providencia rettgeri from two distinct sources. These strains were characterized phenotypically and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), and whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these two strains, sharing high average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 99.28% and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) of 95.1%, represent the same species and constitute a novel branch within the Providencia genus. However, their respective ANI (79.84-84.20%) and dDDH (21.1-25.6%) values fall below the accepted species delineation threshold for Providencia rettgeri . Consequently, we propose that these isolates be recognized as a novel species, Providencia xianensis sp. nov. Alarmingly, both strains, which were isolated from locations far apart exhibited resistance to last-resort antibiotics used in clinical settings, indicating possible wide distribution of this new species, underscoring the emergent threat they pose due to potential multidrug resistance, a matter demanding immediate clinical vigilance.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences