jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anton Wolfler - forgotten genius of surgery

Nowadays, when surgery as a science was so rapidly developed, the names of many scientists who stood at its origins are forgotten or rarely mentioned, and their contribution remains underestimated. One of them is the innovator of surgery of the XIX century. Czech scientist Anton Welfler, whose bold ideas have spread far beyond the boundaries of abdominal surgery. Unfortunately, for many he is known only as the author of the methodology for the formation of gastroenteroanastomosis and as a student of Theodore Billroth. However, in reality, A. Welfler made an incomparably greater contribution not only to gastric surgery, but also to herniology, thyroid surgery. The result of his study of embryogenesis, the histological structure of the thyroid gland, his own clinical experience gained two monographs, subsequently recognized as fundamental in this section of surgery. He developed a histological classification of thyroid cancer, for the first time described both solid and cystic forms of papillary cancer. He also suggested the possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Together with Theodore Billroth A. Welfler introduced the technique of total thyroidectomy into clinical practice. Widely used in modern surgical practice, gastroenteroanastomosis with the loop of the small intestine turned off and the U-shaped inter-intestinal anastomosis, named after Caesar Roux, was in fact, developed by A. Welfler in the experiment. Caesar Roux himself noted A. Welfler’s priority in the invention of this design. In 1897, Caesar Roux modified the method of A. Welfler, forming a posterior-free version of this operation.

Topic: History of Medical Practice
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PJOK TEKNIK DASAR MENGGIRING BOLA MELALUI PENDEKATAN LAPANGAN

Learning in class IV on PJOK subject matter, Basic Engineering Material, Herding Ball in Soccer Games, mastery of the material is still very low. Of the 20 number of students only 7 students (35%) who achieved the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) were set at 6.5 with an average value of 61.5. To overcome the above problems, the steps that need to be implemented are using the approach to field outside the school. In application, the researcher tried on the subject of PJOK about the concept of "Basic Technique of Dribbling Ball". The subjects in this study were 20 students consisting of 13 men and 7 women. To achieve the results in accordance with what the researcher expects, the researchers implement them with II cycles. Each cycle is 2 meetings for 3 months. In the first cycle the average score of students was 68.3 and learning completeness reached 70%, whereas in the second cycle the average score of students was 77 and learning completeness reached 85%. The conclusion of this study is to use the field approach outside the school in the PJOK lesson on material Natural Resources and their use for economic activities can improve learning skills

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Wallops SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2023-Feb)

2023-Feb Wallops SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using versions 2.5 and 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rstThe research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation. Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications. A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication. A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here: (SuperDARN Radar Overview)<strong>Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:</strong>'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forces of Accountability? The Power of Poor Parents in NCLB

Parental involvement is mentioned more than one hundred times in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). In this article, John Rogers argues that President Bush and former U.S. secretary of education Rod Paige have promoted policy narratives of test accountability, choice, and parental involvement that describe how poor parents can spur educators to have higher expectations and to work harder. What is missing from these policy narratives, Rogers argues, is a fundamental understanding of the problems facing poor communities: a lack of both resources and tools for collective action. Through the case study of a grassroots nonprofit organization, Parent- U-Turn, Rogers demonstrates how parents can create what he calls public power by responding to structural and systemic educational problems through shared inquiry and collective action. Rogers holds up this case as an example of how parents might become true forces for accountability in public education and outlines ways in which the lessons of this example might be incorporated into the reauthorization of NCLB.

Topic: Parental Involvement in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides Plant Extracts and Bio-agents against Alternaria helianthi causing Leaf Blight of Sunflower

Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower caused by Alternaria helianthi is an important disease of sunflower. The study conducted on in vitro evaluation of new molecules of fungicides and plant extracts against Alternaria helianthi, causal agent of Alternaria blight of sunflower. In vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that, among four systemic fungicides hexaconazole and propiconazole were highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth with 100% inhibition among non systemic fungicides the maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was found in captan (86.30%) at 600 ppm concentration followed by copper oxy chloride (84.07%) whereas, among the botanicals neem seed kernel extracts at 10 per cent(43.74%) showed positive effect on inhibition of pathogen mycelium growth followed by neem leaf extracts(25.26%). Trichoderma harzianum shows the best bio agents against Alternaria helianthi with highest per cent inhibition (72.48%).

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of the efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg- -naphthylamide on the MIC values of the quinolones, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in Escherichia coli isolates of different origin

Sir, The main mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli include mutations in the gyrA and parC target genes and decreased intracellular accumulation.1 Active efflux pumps are important for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, and overexpression of efflux pumps affecting quinolones is becoming increasingly common in E. coli. Recently, efflux pump inhibitors have been investigated with a view to improving and potentiating the activity of exported antibiotics.2 Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide has been described as a broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.2 The effect of this inhibitor on fluoroquinolone susceptibilities in Enterobacter aerogenes,3 E. coli,4 P. aeruginosa,2 Acinetobacter baumannii5 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia5 has also been studied, but not for nalidixic acid and other antimicrobial agents in E. coli. Therefore in this study, we analysed the influence of the Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (Sigma) inhibitor on the activity of quinolones, chloramphenicol and tetracycline against a collection of 60 E. coli isolates previously characterized with respect to amino acid changes in both GyrA and ParC proteins.6,7 The collection includes the strain Nor5, an in vitro selected quinolone-resistant mutant, in which the overexpression of MarA, SoxS and AcrA has been shown (J. Vila, B. Peter, J. Sanchez-Cespedes & M. Tario, unpublished data). The remaining 59 isolates were recovered from foods (n = 11), humans (n = 25) and animals (n = 23). Susceptibilities to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were studied by agar dilution in the presence or absence of 20 mg/L of Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide, in accordance with NCCLS guidelines. All of the 60 E. coli isolates showed an MIC value of >256 mg/L to Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide. Table 1 shows the effect of 20 mg/L of the inhibitor Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide on the MIC values of the five tested antibiotics in 60 E. coli isolates with different numbers of amino acid changes in GyrA and T ab le 1 . M IC v al ue s (i n m g/ L ) of th e fi ve te st ed a nt ib io tic s in th e pr es en ce o r ab se nc e of 2 0 m g/ L o f P he -A rg β -n ap ht hy la m id e in a s er ie s of 6 0 E . c ol i i so la te s or ga ni ze d

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selection of Time Series Forecasting Models based on Performance Information

In this work, we proposed to use the Zoomed Ranking approach to rank and select time series models. Zoomed Ranking, originally proposed to generate a ranking of candidate algorithms, is employed to solve a given classification problem based on performance information from previous problems. The problem of model selection in Zoomed Ranking was solved in two distinct phases. In the first phase, we selected a subset of problems from the instances base that were similar to the new problem at hand. This selection is made using the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, whose distance function uses the characteristics of the series. In the second phase, the ranking of candidate models was generated based on performance information (accuracy and execution time) of the models in the series selected from the previous phase. Our experiments using the Zoomed Ranking revealed encouraging results.

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Associated Factors of Post Renal Transplant Failure

Renal transplantation is the best management for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It has many benefits which overcome the complications of dialysis, it has some acute and long term complications that could result in failure. Failure of transplant is the fourth cause of death among patients with end stage kidney disease. The causes of failure is still a debate but rejection, drug toxicity and fibrosis as well as chronic allograft nephropathy and patient’s immunity related factors. This review will provide important information regarding the causes associated with post-renal transplant failure.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
China’s maritime disputes in the South China Sea

The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether the use tying-hands signals is the
rational strategy for China to further increase its relative power in the South China Sea. It
concludes that while tying-hands signals on average better then sunk-cost signals, in China’s
case the use of tying-hands signals carry risks for Beijing. Therefore, the use of these signals
are not necessarily a rational strategy. The conclusion is based on James D. Fearon’s seminal
theoretical framework and signalling game model and an empirical investigation of the actors’
signals based on a qualitative analysis of the news coverage of official statements and actions.
The relevance of the subject is given by the constant maritime disputes in the South China Sea,
and by China’s goal to increase its influence as a superpower.

Topic: International Maritime Law Issues
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The expression of mRNAs for opioid receptors in endometrium of cyclic and early pregnant pigs; &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; effects of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα

1. The effects of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor activation on in vitro prolactin secretion by anterior pituitary cells of cyclic gilts K. Kościukiewicz, B. Wylot, W. Czelejewska, P. Gilun, S. Okrasa Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences CrossRef

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Resident Cardiac Mast Cells Degranulate and Release Preformed TNF-α, Initiating the Cytokine Cascade in Experimental Canine Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion

Background —Neutrophil-induced cardiomyocyte injury requires the expression of myocyte intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-1–CD11b/CD18 adhesion. We have previously demonstrated interleukin (IL)-6 activity in postischemic cardiac lymph; IL-6 is the primary stimulus for myocyte ICAM-1 induction. Furthermore, we found that induction of IL-6 mRNA occurred very early on reperfusion of the infarcted myocardium. We hypothesized that the release of a preformed upstream cytokine induced IL-6 in leukocytes infiltrating on reperfusion. Methods and Results —Constitutive expression of TNF-α and not IL-1β was demonstrated in the normal canine myocardium and was localized predominantly in cardiac mast cells. Mast cell degranulation in the ischemic myocardium was documented by demonstration of a rapid release of histamine and TNF-α in the cardiac lymph after myocardial ischemia. Histochemical studies with FITC-labeled avidin demonstrated degranulating mast cells only in ischemic samples of canine myocardium. Immunohistochemistry suggested that degranulating mast cells were the primary source of TNF-α in the ischemic myocardium. In situ hybridization studies of reperfused myocardium localized IL-6 mRNA in infiltrating mononuclear cells and in mononuclear cells appearing in the postischemic cardiac lymph within the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. Furthermore, isolated canine mononuclear cells incubated with postischemic cardiac lymph demonstrated significant induction of IL-6 mRNA, which was partially blocked with a neutralizing antibody to TNF-α. Conclusions —Cardiac mast cells degranulate after myocardial ischemia, releasing preformed mediators, such as histamine and TNF-α. We suggest that mast cell–derived TNF-α may be a crucial factor in upregulating IL-6 in infiltrating leukocytes and initiating the cytokine cascade responsible for myocyte ICAM-1 induction and subsequent neutrophil-induced injury.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tongue microarchitecture and functional characterization of the lingual papillae in the desert hedgehog (<i>Paraechinus aethiopicus</i>)

Abstract The present work attempted to provide a comprehensive description of the morphoanatomical, histological, and ultrastructural characteristics of the tongue in the desert hedgehog ( Paraechinus aethiopicus ), and to correlate lingual modifications to the feeding lifestyle. Five adult male hedgehogs were utilized in our investigation. The macroscopic observations revealed elongated, with a moderately pointed apex, tongue and the tongue dorsum lacks both lingual prominence and median sulcus. The main subdivisions of the tongue are radix linguae (root), corpus linguae (body), and apex linguae (apex). The tongue dorsum carries two types of mechanical (conical and filiform) and gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) papillae. The lingual apex is characterized by the existence of a unique encapsulated muscular structure. Additionally, the lingual glands were interposed between the muscular strands and no lingual glands were detected on the lingual apex. The dorsal surface of the lingual apex exhibited the highest level of keratinization as revealed by histochemical staining while the root showed moderate staining. The topography of the tongue was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results are important to provide basic knowledge that can contribute to better understanding of the nourishment, feeding habits and behavior in this species. Furthermore, the addition of the newly investigated species may help us to determine the evolutionary relationships among species.

Topic: Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Editors' note: Clinical Reasoning: Labyrinthine hemorrhage: An unusual etiology for peripheral vertigo

"Clinical Reasoning: Labyrinthine hemorrhage: An unusual etiology for peripheral vertigo" discussed the case of a man with worsening vertigo caused by a spontaneous labyrinthine hemorrhage. Dr. Chen comments that while the head impulse test remains the most important clinical test to differentiate peripheral from central causes of vertigo, it is a subjective test. He argues for the use of video head impulse test (vHIT), a system for testing the vestibulo-ocular reflex of each semicircular canal at high frequency, which is more sensitive than the clinical head impulse test. Drs. Parikh and Frank, authors of the article, agree with Dr. Chen but add that caloric testing is more sensitive than vHIT in patients with Meniere disease and in patients with only moderate vestibular dysfunction. They explain that while clinicians should continue to consider incorporating technology such as vHIT as additional neurologic tools, the clinical history and examination remain the cornerstone of neurology; therefore, the head impulse test should remain the starting point. "Clinical Reasoning: Labyrinthine hemorrhage: An unusual etiology for peripheral vertigo" discussed the case of a man with worsening vertigo caused by a spontaneous labyrinthine hemorrhage. Dr. Chen comments that while the head impulse test remains the most important clinical test to differentiate peripheral from central causes of vertigo, it is a subjective test.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A mobile-device based serious gaming approach for teaching and learning Java programming

Most first year computer science students would find that learning object-oriented programming is hard. Serious games have ever been used as one approach to handle this problem. But most of them cannot be played with mobile devices. This obviously does not suit the era of mobile computing that intends to allow students to learn programming skills in anytime anywhere. To enhance mobile teaching and learning, a research project started over a year ago and aims to create a mobile device based serious gaming approach along with a serious game for enhancing mobile teaching and learning for Java programming. So far the project has completed a literature review for understanding existing work and identifying problems in this area, conducted a survey for eliciting students' requirements for mobile gaming approach, and then established a mobile-device based serious gaming approach with a developed prototype of the game. This paper introduces the project, presents its details and discusses its current results. It is expected that the presented project will be helpful and useful to bring more efficient approaches with new mobile games into teaching object-oriented programming and to enhance students' learning experiences.

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Watershed Management Policies and Programs in Bhutan

This chapter provides discussion and debate on identifying the best possible ways to manage water resources in Bhutan by placing the farming communities at the centre of water resources development. It describes the concepts of Gross National Happiness as the overall framework to assess the possible outcome of standing water resources policies and programs. It provides debate on the formulation of water resource governance policies so that the outcome is relevant to the Bhutanese people. The main reason for farmers having limited capacity to use water resources is the lack of infrastructural facilities like irrigation channels to bring water from where it is available to where it is required and water storage mechanism which can help store water when it is available and use it when it is required. The existing consumption pattern suggests that farmers evidently have not benefited directly from state investments in hydropower development.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simplified methods for seismic assessment of existing buildings

Besides the complex instructions of guidance documents for seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, some institutions have provided simple criteria in terms of simplified rehabilitations. ASCE 41-06 is one of documents that introduced a simple method for assessment of certain buildings that do not require advanced analytical procedures. Furthermore the New Zealand guideline has presented a simple lateral mechanism analysis that is a hand static analysis for determining the probable collapse mechanism, lateral strength and displacement capacity of the structure. The present study is focused on verifying the results of the simplified methods which is used by NZSEE and ASCE 41-06 in assessment of existing buildings. For this, three different special steel moment and braced frames are assessed under these two guidelines and the accuracy of the results is checked with the results of nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. After comparison of obtained results, suggestions are presented to improve seismic retrofit criteria.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Use of Thonningia sanguinea (THOS) Meal in Different Rations on the Morphological Parameters of Local Breed Chicken Farmed in Côte d'ivoire

Background and Objective: The use of Thonningia sanguinea (THOS) in domestic animal feed not only enhances the available natural resources and contributes to food self-satisfaction, but also makes local poultry farming profitable.Thus dietary supplementation of extract of Thonningia sanguinea on the morphometric parameters of local chicken Gallus gallus domesticus raised in confinement was the subject of this study.Materials and Methods: Four batches of local breed chickens (60 per batch) and four feeds were set up, in particular a control feed (THOS 0%) and three supplemented feeds (THOS 5%, THOS 10% and THOS 15%).The data on the measurement of the subjects was collected from week 12, then weeks 16, 20, 24 and 30.Results: The measurements of the legs show that the chickens fed with THOS 5% and those fed with THOS 10% had skeletal and muscle development faster than chickens fed the control diet and those on THOS 15% between 12 and 16 weeks of age.Beyond 20 weeks of age, chickens fed THOS 5% show skeletal development and muscles greater than chickens fed the other supplemented feeds.Conclusion: This study showed that supplementation with Thonningia sanguinea powder at 5% in the feed allows local chicken growth, both muscular and skeletal and can be recommended in poultry farming.

Topic: Livestock and Poultry Management
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences