jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Carburizing Process Using a Batch Atmosphere Furnace

The carburizing process is a heat treatment method aimed at enhancing the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of materials by adding carbon at high temperatures. This study analyzes the impact of this process on low-carbon steels (STKM 13A and SPCC) and an alloy steel (SCM 435). Carburization was conducted at 900°C for 100 minutes. The tests performed included a Micro Vickers hardness test and microstructural characterization following the ASTM E-407 standard. The results showed a significant increase in the surface hardness of all materials. Critically, carbon diffusion in both STKM 13A and SPCC reached a consistent and defined depth of 0.48 mm, while in SCM 435, it diffused uniformly across the entire material thickness. Microstructural analysis revealed a phase transformation from pearlite and ferrite before carburization to martensite afterward. For STKM 13A and SPCC, the martensite phase formed up to a depth of 0.48 mm, while SCM 435 underwent a total transformation to the martensite phase, resulting in full hardening. This research provides specific quantitative data on the critical case depth (0.48 mm) achievable in STKM 13A and SPCC under these conditions, offering a clear reference point for industrial applications requiring controlled surface hardening.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A recognition-before-labeling strategy for sensitive detection of lung cancer cells with a quantum dot–aptamer complex

A recognition-before-labeling strategy is developed for sensitive detection of A549 cancer cells, by using fluorescent quantum dots as signal units and aptamers as recognition elements, which avoided the possible impact on the aptamer configuration from steric hindrance.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does managerial bias pose destructive impact on company? A non-linear relationship between CEO’s overconfidence and company value

This research aims at testing the influence of CEO’s Overconfidence (KDB) on the values of companies registered with the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period 2007-2015. KDB is a bias inherent in individual, particularly corporate CEO resulted from his/her great authority. A CEO with KDB will assume that his/her company has investment opportunities in the future and, thus, reduce dividend in anticipation of acquiring an investment opportunity in the future. Some opinions argue that KDB’s benefit will be maximal when the confidence is at moderate level. A manager is deemed able to contribute to his/her company, have a good innovation level, have optimal motivation level, and present lower level of cost of debt or capital and optimal amount and rate of investment return. Too low or too high KDB is deemed only to pose negative impact on company value as resulted from non-optimal degree of leverage and investment.

Topic: Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Amblyopia and cortical binocularity.

Both the visual acuity of sustained-X cells in the area centralis of the retina and the binocular properties of visual cortical cells were studied in control cats, and in cats reared with divergent or convergent squint in one eye or with uniocular or binocular atropinization. The sustained-X cell acuity was normal in control cats with squint but with alternating fixation. The cellular acuity was reduced significantly in the squinting eye of the cats which lost the ability to fix with the deviating eye and in all penalized eyes of the cats regardless of whether one or both eyes had been atropinized. However, regardless of whether X cell amblyopia was present or not, all squinting cats and cats with uniocular penalization showed a significant reduction in the number of binocularly driven cortical cells. Nevertheless, the amblyopia of X cells in the retina was correlated with a loss of proportion of cortical cells driven by the amblyopic eye compared with that driven by the non-amblyopic eye. Thus amblyopia and loss of cortical binocularity (not stereo acuity) appear to have different physiological bases.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Revealing the link between macrophage in microenvironment of osteosarcoma and poor prognosis by utilizing the Integrated analysis.

This study has systematically validated results of the studies carried out previously and filled up the gap in the field of OS on large-scaled meta-analysis. In addition, for the hub gene (CD163) and the macrophage cell capable of being used as a novel biomarker in promoting early diagnosis and development of therapeutic approaches.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing Information Resource: A Key to Synergy in Petroleum Exploration and Production: ABSTRACT

Information resource in petroleum exploration and production (E P) has generally been managed poorly because of technical and human/organizational problems. In the past, E P companies could afford not to exploit the potential of their data/information resource fully because they could hope for continuing discoveries of big fields and profitable exploitation once hydrocarbon was found. As large and easy-to-find hydrocarbon fields have almost been discovered, the E P industry is facing a new reality-the need to find and develop hydrocarbon fields from geologically complex and/or hitherto inaccessible areas and enhance recovery from existing fields faster and at lower costs. In such a competitive business environment, an E P company is required to manage its activities through a synergistic approach to carry out integrated interpretation for timely decision making. The success of the synergistic approach depends mainly on the exploitation of information resource through integration of often disparate data, old and new, from diverse E P disciplines.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fibonacci numbers in a class of weighted majority games

We define Fibonacci games as the subset of constant sum homogeneous weighted majority games whose increasing sequence of all type weights and the minimal winning quota is a string of consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Exploiting properties of the Fibonacci sequence, we obtain closed form results able to provide a simple and insightful classification and characterization of such games.

Topic: Game Theory and Voting Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Contextual impairments in schizophrenia and the FN400

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Hum. Neurosci., 02 July 2012Sec. Brain Health and Clinical Neuroscience Volume 6 - 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00191

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Epidermal growth factor deficiency predisposes to progressive renal disease

Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced in the kidney by thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and by distal convoluted tubules (DCTs). Reduced urinary EGF levels have been associated with chronic kidney disease but it is not known whether physiological levels of EGF protect the kidney from progressive renal disease. Here, we show that EGF‐deficient mice on a mixed genetic background had increased urinary microalbumin, and a subset of these mice developed severe progressive renal disease with azotemia that was not seen in WT or TGFα‐deficient littermates with this mixed genetic background. These azotemic EGF‐deficient mice developed crescentic glomerulonephritis linked to HB‐EGF/EGFR hyperactivation in glomeruli, as well as attenuation of the proximal tubule brush border, distal convoluted tubule (DCT) dilatation, and kidney fibrosis associated with renal β‐catenin/mTOR hyperactivation. The observation of these severe renal pathologies only in a subset of EGF‐deficient mice suggests that independent segregation of strain‐specific modifier alleles contributes to the severity of the renal abnormalities that only manifest when EGF is lacking. These findings link the lack of EGF to renal pathologies in the adult mammalian kidney, in support of a role of physiological levels of EGF for maintaining the function of glomeruli, proximal tubules, and DCTs. These observations suggest that diminished EGF levels predispose kidneys to progressive renal disease.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Compliant Joint Toolbox for MATLAB: An Introduction With Examples

This article presents the Complianhis Compliant Joint Toolbox for the modeling, simu lation, and controller development of compliant robot actuators. The object-oriented toolbox is written in MATLAB/Simulink. In a few lines of code, it can batch-generate ready-to-use joint actuator model classes from multiple parameter sets, in corporating a variety of nonlinear dynamics effects.

Topic: Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spectro-Imaging the Bipolar Jet from DO Tau

The aim of our study is to investigate T Tauri jet kinematics, shock morphology and plasma parameters to further constrain models of jet launching. Observations were conducted using GEMINI/NIFS+AO to obtain H-band IFU data. This is the first time the DO Tau bipolar jet has been imaged at such high angular resolution close to the star. The brighter blue-shifted jet is detected as close as 0.1" from the star and extends to 1.2", while the counter-jet appears only at 1.0" extending to 1.5". Morphology of the blue-shifted jet reveals a 0.1" variation in its axis centroid at distances beyond 0.6", which could result from jet wiggling, or the presence of a knot or bow-shock. No variation is measured closer to the jet base. The morphology reveals a difference in position angle of the jet and counter-jet. Jet kinematics show jet velocities in line with the literature. We search for variations in radial velocity across the jet, which may signal jet rotation. The DO Tau disk rotation sense was studied using complementary Plateau de Bure data. We derive estimate electron density and mass flux from Fe II lines. Finally, we discuss the constraints brought by these data on jet launching models.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The D trisomy syndrome: a case report with a description of ocular pathology.

A male infant with trisomy of one of the 13-15, or D, group of autosomes is described. The infant survived for only a few hours and had the following congenital abnormalities: defect of the scalp and underlying vertex of the skull, hemangioma, microphthalmia, cleft palate, ulnar deviation of forearms and wrists with flexion deformity of the fingers, polydactyly of the feet, interauricular septal defect, cryptorchidism and polycystic kidneys. Retinal dysplasia was the major abnormality in the microphthalmic eye.The congenital anomalies caused by D trisomy are sufficiently characteristic for the chromosomal error to be suspected in a newborn infant. A chromosome analysis is advisable for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Plasma Concentration of Platelet-Specific Proteins and Fibrinopeptide A in Patients with Artificial Heart Valves

&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-Thromboglobulin (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and platelet count were evaluated in patients with bioprostheses and prosthetic heart valves. &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;TG and PF4 were significantly elevated in both patient groups (p &lt; 0.001), whereas FPA was normal. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;TG and PF4 between patients with prosthetic heart valves and bioprostheses. LDH levels were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher and platelet count lower (p &lt; 0.001) in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. The data indicate that bioprostheses do not cause haemolysis or activation of the coagulation system. The findings that the plasma concentration of platelet-specific proteins were elevated, support the assumption that both types of valves cause platelet damage.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CER1 ceramide synthase orthologs mediate FB1 resistance in the fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides and the non-producing F. graminearum

Abstract Molecular mechanisms responsible for self-protection in fumonisin-producing fungi are still barely understood. A role for fumonisin in competition between fungi was proposed, particularly between Fusarium verticillioides and non-producing F. graminearum on maize. Recently, it was shown that the FUM-cluster associated ceramide synthase genes of F. verticilliodes ( FUM17 and FUM18 ) are dispensable for the observed higher fumonisin resistance in F. verticillioides . To test the role of CER1 , we have inactivated this gene in F. verticillioides (in the wild-type, fum1 and fum1 fum17-18 background). Despite the expected redundancy of ceramide synthases, inactivation of CER1 in F. verticillioides lead to inhibition of growth by 80-90% and FB 1 sensitivity at a concentration of only 10 μM. While the slow-growth phenotype could be complemented by expression of both a FvCER1 cDNA and the corresponding F. graminearum CER1 ortholog, this was not the case for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAG1 and LAC1 ceramide synthase genes. The F. graminearum CER1 not only complemented the growth defect but even conferred slightly higher FB 1 resistance. Heterologous expression in a sensitive yeast strain revealed that all F. verticillioides and also F. graminearum CER1 , CER2 and CER3 genes confer FB 1 resistance, but CER2 and CER3 only against lower concentrations. However, overexpression of CER2 and CER3 is problematic due to toxicity in yeast leading to variable results. We hypothesize that F. graminearum ancestors may have lost the ability to produce fumonisin, but maintained the self-protection mechanism against sphinganine-analog mycotoxins based on target insensitivity.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2213606: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pediatric Radiation Dose from 64 Slices-MDCT in Abdomen after Using the New Pediatric CT Scanning Protocol at Phramongkutklao Hospital

OBJECTIVES: To study the radiation dose in pediatric patients after using a new pediatric computed tomography (CT) scanning protocol at Phramongkutklao Hospital as compared with the historical data and with reference level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective and descriptive study. The study target population were all consecutive patients aged &lt;15 year-old who had received a 64-slice computed tomography of the abdomen from January 2015- August 2016 using the new protocol. The control group was patients in the same age group performing CT scan of abdomen in the past before using the new protocol. RESULTS: Total of 29 children were included in the analysis, 13 were male and 16 were female. The third quartile of the dose-length product (DLP) (75th percentile) was 125.0, 228.0, 305.6 and 381.0 mGy.cm for the patients &lt; 1, 1 to &lt; 5, 5 to &lt; 10 and 10 to &lt;15 year-old respectively. These DLP values were significantly lowered than previously reported in Thailand in almost patient age groups. CONCLUSION: The radiation dose that our pediatric patients received from undergoing CT scan of abdomen was acceptable after using the new protocol. Data collection in future studies including a higher number of patients and longer follow-up time may be helpful.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A proposed method for the determination of current-transformer errors

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS for relay service must be able to function with reasonable accuracy under very high overload conditions, and it is therefore necessary that their accuracy for such high currents be verified. However, in performing the usual accuracy test at very high currents, certain difficulties are encountered — the principal ones being:

Topic: Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
NATEPERKINS.TV: with AM 1380 Radio Thousand To FREE Mr. Genarlow Wilson From Douglas County Prison

Â PART THREE:Nate Perkins Live: with Thousand March To FREE Mr. Genarlow Wilson From Douglas County Prison, Outside of Atlanta, GA...watch doucmentary film by eMail Video-Talk Fusion Nate Perkins Live: with Thousand March To FREE Mr. Genarlow Wilson From Douglas County Prison, Outside of Atlanta, GA...watch doucmentary film by eMail Video-Talk Fusion Part One:Click To Play

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Capacity Building for Knowledge Management in Selected Academic Libraries in Nigeria

Capacity Building for Knowledge Management in Selected Academic Libraries in Nigeria Blessing B. AHIAUZU, FNLA, CLN; Mercy Ekenma ECHEM Abstract The study aimed at ascertaining Capacity Building for Knowledge Management. The main objective of the study was to investigate the level of infrastructure, equipment, source of power supply, personnel and other activities available for knowledge management in those academic institutions in the present ICT age. The eight (8) academic libraries comprising of State and Federal higher institutions in Rivers and Bayelsa States respectively were studied. The study adopted a descriptive survey with a population of 96 which was also the sample size. The data was collected using a simple structured questionnaire and analyzed using simple percentage. The findings revealed that there is need for building adequate and effective capacity for Knowledge Management in all the institutions with their varying needs. Some are challenged within adequate computers, staff access to internet, adequate source of power supply, staff and training needs etc. The study concludes that building adequate and proper capacity for Knowledge Management is vital and necessary because it helps to enhance the quality of service delivery by staff in an effective and efficient manner geared towards achieving the overall goal of the libraries. It recommends that broad band internet bandwidth be provided to address the issue of low internet connectivity; all staff should have free internet access and adequate computers should be made available and maintained, Management of the libraries should ensure adequate personnel and provision for continuous training and re-training of all existing staff for effective and efficient service delivery amongst others. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jlis.v6n2a2

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[State of the art treatment of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer--surgical treatment].

Surgery is defined as purely a local treatment modality. In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, surgery remains the first-line treatment of choice for local diseases. Thus, stages I, II, and a part of IIIA disease are definite indications for surgical therapy. The standard operative mode in curative intent for such local diseases is the resection of the entire lobe or lung where the cancer is located. The prognostic significance of hilar/mediastinal lymph node dissection remains controversial, although it can provide the most accurate information regarding the metastatic status of hilum and mediastinum. For locally advanced diseases of stages IIIA and IIIB, the surgical approach still remains investigational in a combined modality setting. For N2 diseases (with mediastinal node metastasis), the prognostic benefit of both preoperative and postoperative chemo (-radio) therapy has not been definitively demonstrated yet, although several reports suggested their potential benefits. They await further evaluation by clinical trials in a phase III setting. Although aggressive surgical approaches for tumors invading surrounding vital structures (IIIB disease) have been reported, it is also still uncertain whether their results can really exceed those obtained by chemoradiotherapy.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Xiphinema Australiae N. Sp., Its Host Range, Observations On X. Radicicola Goodey, 1936 and X. Monohysterum Brown, 1968 and a Key To Monodelphic Xiphinema Spp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae)

Xiphinema australiae n. sp., collected from a forest near Gosford, New South Wales, is distinguished from other monodelphic Xiphinema spp. by the length of the spear, the tail length to anal body width ratio and the size of the eggs. The monodelphic species X. radicicola Goodey, 1936, X. monohysterum Brown, 1968, and X. australiae n. sp. all have a small prevulval sac; their posterior gonads are normal. Variation is noted in the number of tail pores in X. radicicola and X. monohysterum. In a pot experiment, numbers of X. australiae increased significantly in 41/2 months on Vitis rupostris (grape cv. St. George), Trifolium repens (white clover), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Eucalyptu.r citriodora (lemon scented gum), Fragaria X ananassa (strawberry), Petunia hybrida (petunia) and Prunus persica (peach). Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Lolium perenne (ryegrass) were maintenance hosts. The population increases and reproductive capacities of females were similar to those reported for didelphic species of Xiphinema and Longidorus under comparable conditions.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The American Bar Association Suggests an Answer to the "Fair Trial-Free Press" Dilemma

In response to the increasing controversy subsumed under the label of "fair trial-free press," the American Bar Association has issued a Tentative Draft of Standards. This comment examines the impediments posed to a constitutionally fair trial by unbridled publicity and evaluates the proposed solutions, with particular emphasis upon the ABA's recommendations.

Topic: Criminal Law and Evidence
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences