jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of naftifine against various yeasts and dermatophytes: determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations and revelation of cell wall alterations by scanning electron microscopy

The in vitro antifungal activity of naftifine, an allylamine derivative, was compared with that of econazole and clotrimazole, imidazole derivatives. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined against 136 strains of yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida tropicalis, Torulopsis glabrata, Malassezia furfur) and 45 strains of dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum langeronii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum). The fungistatic activity was evaluated by the agar dilution method, using various media: YNB (pH 6) for Candida and Torulopsis, Dixon (pH 5.6) for Malassezia, and Sabouraud (pH 6.8) for dermatophytes. The MIC was evaluated at 28–30 °C after incubation for 24–48 h for Candida and Torulopsis and for 3 days for the dermatophytes. Malassezia were incubated for 3 days at 37 °C. Naftifine was highly active against all the dermatophytes tested and moderately or weakly active against the yeasts. Candida parapsilosis was the most sensitive of all the Candida species tested. The effects of naftifine on C. parapsilosis, Mi. canis, and Tr. mentagrophytes were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Naftifine acted on C. parapsilosis causing formation of convolutions and wrinkles and defective separation between mother and daughter yeast cells. Naftifine caused alterations of the dermatophyte cell wall and particularly the hyphal filaments. These alterations were dose and time dependent. The most prominent changes seen by scanning electron microscopy were swelling, ballooning of the hyphae, and bulbiform blunt hyphae ends. Key words: naftifine, Candida, Torulopsis, Malassezia, dermatophytes.

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
UPACARA PERKAWINAN UMAT HINDU DI DESA SIDOREJO KECAMATAN PURWOHARJO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI (Kajian Teologi Hindu)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hinduism believes in the existence of four phases of life to be traversed by the so-called Chess Dormitory. The four phases of human development are Brahmacari, Grehasta, Wanaprasta, and Bhiksuka (Sanyasin). Of the four phases, marriage is included in the stage of development of life, the second human being (Grehasta). In Javanese traditional marriage contains many values that are poured in the symbols, one of which is used like the Kembar Mayang. All ceremonial facilities in Java still use the standard or rules in the Javanese tradition that still apply and is a local religious belief. However, people's understanding of the ceremonial facilities is still lacking. This research is a qualitative research which in collecting data, researcher use observation technique, interview, document study and literature study.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From this research, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;he process of marriage ceremony of Hindu people in Sidorejo village in general starts from&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; lamaran, pasang &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;tarub, selamatan, inauguration of husband and wife, bridal meeting (nemokake manten), and the peak is marked with marriage party and continued with ceremony sepasaran.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Upacara marriage of Hindu have function (1) preserving Javanese tradition as a form of preservation of ancestral traditions that have been carried out for generations, (2) religious function (3) social function. The theological significance embodied in the Hindu marriage ceremony in Sidorejo Village is as early as entering the life of grhasta, the cleansing of the spirits of the ancestors, obtaining the suputra and surely embodying a happy family of birth and mind (sukinah).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cultural and Religious Practices in Indonesia
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Current use of biologic graft extenders for spinal fusion.

Use of biologic graft extenders in spinal fusions is increasing. Multiple allograft alternatives exist to the "gold-standard" autologous bone grafting. The ideal graft extender is osteoconductive, osteoinductive and has osteogenic potential. While the ideal graft extender has yet to be found, available bone graft extenders have varying degrees of predominantly osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This review will provide an update on available graft extenders including bone morphogenetic proteins, mesenchymal stem cells, and demineralized bone matrix. The goal is to provide a review of the current use in spinal fusions and future directions in biologics for spinal fusion.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors Affecting Disease-Free Status of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients

Purpose: The study aim was to assess factors that impact on the outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on 256 patients with DTC who underwent thyroidectomy and received radioiodine therapy during December 2003 to January 2012.All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.They were considered diseasefree by the criteria of the revised American Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid nodules and DTC (ATA guideline 2009).Results: On Cox univariate analysis, factors associated with disease-free status were age<45, stage I tumor, low risk group by histopathology, unifocal tumor involvement, stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose of radioiodine therapy and no distant metastasis from 1st post-treatment WBS (post RxWBS).On multivariate analysis, stage I tumor and stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose of radioiodine therapy < 30 ng/mL were the significant prognostic factors that increased disease-free rate by 1.73 times and 2.60 times, respectively (P-value <0.05).Conclusions: Factors affecting the outcome of radioiodine therapy in our study were age, stage, risk of recurrence by histopathology, unifocal tumor involvement and 1st postRxWBS findings.From these factors, stage I tumor and stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose of radioiodine therapy were independent prognostic factors that substantial increase the disease-free rate.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metabolism of Ethanol and Fructosein the Perfused Rat Liver

Ethanol utilization by the isolated perfused rat liver was studied under various experimental conditions. 1. A linear decrease of the ethanol concentration in the perfusing medium was observed, indicating that ethanol utilization was independent of the ethanol concentration. 2. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by pyrazol was paralleled by a decrease in ethanol utilization. 3. The uptake of fructose and its conversion to glucose were inhibited by ethanol. Ethanol utilization was diminished in the presence of fructose. 4. Increased ratios of lactate to pyruvate and a-glycerophosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate were found during ethanol oxidation. These changes are presumably due to the formation of NADH, although they were not prevented by an inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase with pyrazol.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The information security scheduling method of vehicle self-organising system for wireless sensor

During self-organising scheduling and control of vehicles, uncertainties often affect operation of emergency vehicle road traffic. Traditional system cannot determine road network connectivity, resulting in traffic congestion. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a wireless sensor-based information security scheduling method for vehicle self-organising systems. Firstly, system hierarchy diagram and various modules of vehicle self-organising system are introduced. Then, vehicle self-organising scheduling model is established and design process of source code is provided. Finally, experimental results show that schedule length obtained by our proposed method is at least 200m shorter than those results obtained by traditional method in comparison of evacuation dispatch route length of traffic jam. At the same time, time consuming of proposed method is also shorter than traditional method in the comparison of evacuation dispatch management time for traffic jams. Therefore, proposed method is more efficient in slowing congestion of vehicle self-organising system networks.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
In Fluence of Socio-Economic Factors on Spatial Development of Territories of Asian Russia (on the Example of the Tyva Republic)

This paper examines how socio-economic factors shape the spatial development of regions that are part of the Asian part of Russia, the study was conducted on the example of socio-economic indicators of development of the Republic of Tyva. It characterises the current socio-economic state of the region, strengths and weaknesses affecting the prerequisites for further spatial development.

Topic: Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of various adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) schemes for computer power sources

Abstract The latest computer CPUs require the use of DC power converters with AVP. Three commonly‐used AVP control schemes were compared using small‐signal loop gain analysis. From the comparison results emerges the fourth scheme proposed recently: the Native current‐mode AVP scheme (NAVP). NAVP provides inherent phase current balancing, cycle‐to‐cycle protection, large stability margin, good line regulation, and constant output impedance. It compares favorably against the other three schemes.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular Marker Linked to High Solanine/Chaconin (Nil/Low Leptin) in Solanum chacoense, and Implications for Leptine Biosynthesis

Solanum chacoense , a wild relative of the cultivated potato, contains several glycoalkaloids, including solanine, chaconine, and leptine. The foliar-specific leptine glycoalkaloids are believed to confer resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB). Data from segregating F 1 populations developed from crosses of high × nil and high × high leptine producers were consistent with control of leptine production by a single recessive gene; however, data from subsequent generations strongly suggests the presence of additional factors affecting the inheritance and expression of leptine glycoalkaloids in this population of S. chacoense . Using two bulked DNA samples composed of high- and low-percent leptine individuals from a segregating F 1 population of S. chacoense , a 1500-bp RAPD product, UBC370-1500, was identified that is closely linked to high percent solanine+chaconine, and conversely to low percent leptine. This marker mapped to the end of the short arm of potato chromosome 1, near the location of a previously mapped major QTL for solanidine. The observed distribution of the UBC370-1500 marker, in conjunction with these QTL data, suggest that hydroxylation of a common precursor to form leptinidine occurs prior to formation of the solanidine aglycone. Implications of these findings for the development of CPB-resistant potato varieties will be discussed.

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Surface Area of Chrome-Plated Nickel

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Area of Chrome-Plated NickelCallaway Brown and Herbert H. UhligCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2, 462–464Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01194a505https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01194a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Iron oxide chemistry and applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Range‐wide indicators of African great ape density distribution

Abstract Species distributions are influenced by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. It is therefore insufficient to model species distribution at a single geographic scale, as this does not provide the necessary understanding of determining factors. Instead, multiple approaches are needed, each differing in spatial extent, grain, and research objective. Here, we present the first attempt to model continent‐wide great ape density distribution. We used site‐level estimates of African great ape abundance to (1) identify socioeconomic and environmental factors that drive densities at the continental scale, and (2) predict range‐wide great ape density. We collated great ape abundance estimates from 156 sites and defined 134 pseudo‐absence sites to represent additional absence locations. The latter were based on locations of unsuitable environmental conditions for great apes, and on existing literature. We compiled seven socioeconomic and environmental covariate layers and fitted a generalized linear model to investigate their influence on great ape abundance. We used an Akaike‐weighted average of full and subset models to predict the range‐wide density distribution of African great apes for the year 2015. Great ape densities were lowest where there were high Human Footprint and Gross Domestic Product values; the highest predicted densities were in Central Africa, and the lowest in West Africa. Only 10.7% of the total predicted population was found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category I and II protected areas. For 16 out of 20 countries, our estimated abundances were largely in line with those from previous studies. For four countries, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and South Sudan, the estimated populations were excessively high. We propose further improvements to the model to overcome survey and predictor data limitations, which would enable a temporally dynamic approach for monitoring great apes across their range based on key indicators.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
2-Hydroxy-2-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran-4-one

The heterocyclic ring in the title compound, C(10)H(7)F(3)O(3), has a half-boat conformation with the hy-droxy-bearing C atom lying 0.595 (3) Å out of the plane of the five remaining atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.022 Å) in the direction of the hy-droxy O atom. Linear supra-molecular chains along the a axis, sustained by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hy-droxy H and ketone O atoms, feature in the crystal packing. These chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F contacts.

Topic: Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spectrophotometric Studies of Iron(III)-5,7, dibromo Oxine N-oxide complex

Spretrophotometric studies of iron (III)-5,7,dibrormo oxine N-oxide complex have been carried out end the presence of at least two complexes (1:1; 1:2) is reported. Comparative studies of iron (III) -oxine N-oxide indicate that the equilibrium constant for the 1:2 complex in the same of 5,7, dibromo amine N-oxide it higher than that in the case<em> </em>of 1 :1 iron (III)-oxine N-oxide complex. The reagent, however does not offer any advantage over oxine N-oxide as a spectrophotometric reagent for iron and is, in fact inferior in many respects to most of the well-known and commonly used calorimetric reagents for iron.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional Diazo Compounds Reactivity in Heterocyclization by the Method of Intramolecular Competitive Reactions.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Generic Approach For Image Classification Based On Decision Tree Ensembles And Local Sub-Windows

A novel and generic approach for image classification is presented. The method operates directly on pixel values and does not require feature extraction. It combines a simple local sub-window extraction technique with induction of ensembles of extremely randomized decision trees. We report results on four well known and publicly available datasets corresponding to representative applications of image classification problems: handwritten digits (MNIST), faces (ORL), 3D objects (COIL-100), and textures (OUTEX). A comparison with studies from the computer vision literature shows that our method is competitive with the state of the art, an interesting result considering its generality and conceptual simplicity. Further experiments are carried out on the COIL-100 dataset to evaluate the robustness of the learned models to rotation, scaling, or occlusion of test images. These preliminary results are very encouraging.

Topic: Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adefovir: FDA committee votes against approval. Food and Drug Administration.

The FDA's Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee voted against approval of adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon) for treating HIV. Although adefovir seems to have modest antiretroviral benefit, there is a risk of serious kidney toxicity in long-term use. Adefovir appears to be far more active in treating hepatitis B than HIV.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Title Pending 10369

In this paper I argue, following proposals by Laka (1990), Aboh (2010), De Clercq (2013; 2020a), and Greco (2019; 2020ab) among others, that negation has a dedicated position in the left periphery where it takes wide scope over the lower sentential material. This position is separate and independent from the TP-level PolP, and it can convey sentential negation on its own. As evidence for this, I present data from Modern Irish concerning an emphatic marker known as Demonic Negation from McCloskey (2009; 2018). I argue that this element is a true semantic negator rather than a metalinguistic negator, and that it is base generated in a polar projection immediately dominating FocP, independently from the lower positions where sentential negation is standardly encoded. This has a broader relevance for the general theory of the syntactic encoding of negation, since it demonstrates that negative markers can be base-generated in their highest scope position, and thus that they need not always originate in the VP-layer as proposed in recent research. Additionally, the possibility of raising a constituent to the SpecFocP to the right of the Demonic Negation is exploited to express scalar negation and Focus/constituent negation, bypassing the Irish restriction which prevents negation from being expressed below the inflectional layer (Acquaviva 1996).

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Exciton binding energies and absorption in intermixed GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wells

The optical properties of excitons in layer-intermixed GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wells are studied theoretically. The electronic dispersion is obtained using the 6×6 Luttinger–Kohn Hamiltonian for the valence bands, and an accurate expression for the conduction band dispersion which includes the effects of nonparabolicity and warping to fourth order in k. The HH1-CB1 (1s) and LH1-CB1(1s) exciton binding energies are calculated as a function of diffusion time. The absorption for both TE and TM polarization is obtained at several wavelengths, and is seen to decrease significantly with increased intermixing. The decrease in absorption is larger for narrow wells, where the effects of intermixing are more pronounced for a given diffusion time.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhanced Supercurrents in Josephson Junctions Containing Nonparallel Ferromagnetic Domains

\\pi coupling may arise when a ferromagnet forms a link between two superconductors of an artificial Josephson junction. Using a trilayer Fe=Cr=Fe barrier in which the Cr thickness determines the alignment of the Fe layers, we show that the critical currents are substantially enhanced in the antiparallel configuration. The result agrees with existing superconductor ferromagnet proximity theory according to which the phase-controlling effects of ferromagnets on Cooper pairs can be minimized by arranging their moments in a nonparallel way [Bergeret et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3140 (2001); Blanter et al., Phys. Rev. B 69, 024525 (2004)].

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences