jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decreasing Racemic Epinephrine for Bronchiolitis in an Academic Children’s Hospital

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in the United States. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against routine use of bronchodilators in bronchiolitis management, racemic epinephrine was persistently used for this purpose at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital. Our aim was to decrease racemic epinephrine use for bronchiolitis by 50% within 8 months. METHODS: Our multidisciplinary team used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement to develop an aim statement, choose metrics, and perform plan-do-study-act cycles to reduce racemic epinephrine use. We used focused education through in-person and online methods and provided direct feedback to residents, respiratory therapists, and nurses primarily caring for these children. The percentage of all patients admitted for bronchiolitis receiving at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine was collected from the medical record and recorded on statistical process control charts for distribution to their work areas. Albuterol use and length of stay were collected as balancing measures. We used statistical process control charts to establish special cause variation and identify statistically significant differences in our measures. RESULTS: During our intervention period, the percentage of bronchiolitis patients receiving at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine to treat bronchiolitis decreased from an average of 26% to 5%, and similarly, albuterol use decreased from an average of 48% to 34%. There was no clinically significant difference in length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Using a multidisciplinary approach and focused education techniques may be an effective way to reduce racemic epinephrine use for children with bronchiolitis.

Topic: Respiratory viral infections research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular mechanics calculations of opioid ligands of the 4-arylpiperidine class.

Molecular mechanics calculations have been carried out on N-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinols substituted at 2,3-, 2,5- and 2,6-positions with methyl groups. Besides the alcohols, their esters and methiodides were also studied. The molecular mechanics conformations have been compared with conformations determined experimentally by NMR or X-ray diffraction.

Topic: Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The complex role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection

During normal physiological and abnormal pathophysiological conditions, all cells release membrane vesicles, termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Growing evidence has revealed that EVs act as important messengers in intercellular communication. EVs play emerging roles in cellular responses and the modulation of immune responses during virus infection. EVs contribute to triggering antiviral responses to restrict virus infection and replication. Conversely, the role of EVs in the facilitation of virus spread and pathogenesis has been widely documented. Depending on the cell of origin, EVs carry effector functions from one cell to the other by horizontal transfer of their bioactive cargoes, including DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The diverse constituents of EVs can reflect the altered states of cells or tissues during virus infection, thereby offering a diagnostic readout. The exchanges of cellular and/or viral components by EVs can inform the therapeutic potential of EVs for infectious diseases. This review discusses recent advances of EVs to explore the complex roles of EVs during virus infection and their therapeutic potential, focusing on HIV-1. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(6): 335-340].

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atrial fibrillation in the cow, pig, dog, and cat.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently observed arrhythmia in milking cows. About 50% of AF-affected cows have a history of ketosis, suggesting a relationship between AF and ketosis. Clinical signs of AF include a sudden decrease in milk production and an unstable appetite. Oral administration of quinidine is effective in the treatment of AF. AF in the pig has been observed only in one breeding animal. The clinical signs included anorexia and abnormal heart sounds. The AF was successfully terminated by the administration of 10 mg/kg quinidine every 8 h. AF in dogs and cats appears as a sign of cardiac failure, although AF may also be observed in large dogs without any underlying cardiac disease. Direct current defibrillation is effective in the treatment of these animals.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 200961: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The role of capsule endoscopy in the study of intestinal diseases. Critical analysis and observation of the first 50 cases].

The total visualization of the intestinal surface through wireless capsule endoscopy has furnished new insights for the diagnosis of intestinal diseases. The length, difficulty of access and particular morphology of this region makes a correct diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases associated with bleeding possible only in 5% of cases. Our study was aimed at assessing the clinical impact and diagnostic outcomes of wireless capsule endoscopy through analysis of the first 50 cases observed in our Endoscopy and Coloproctology Unit. Fifty patients aged 23-85 years (mean age: 43.5) were selected for wireless endoscopy. The main indications were patients with a suspected or established diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or malabsorption, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea and obscure bleeding. Patients with a clinical or radiological diagnosis of gastrointestinal stenosis, Zencker's diverticula, or colonic diverticulosis were excluded from the study. In 2 out of 8 patients with abdominal pain, erosions of the intestinal wall were detected, while in the only patient with gastrointestinal bleeding a neoplastic lesion of the right colon was accidentally diagnosed. As far as inflammatory bowel disease is concerned, in all the cases of established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis no small bowel lesions were visible at wireless endoscopy, while all the cases with silent Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum were confirmed. No cases of neoplastic lesions of the small bowel were recorded in our series either in celiac-disease patients or in patients with familial intestinal polyposis. In celiac-disease patients (N = 24) wireless capsule endoscopy allowed accurate definition of the extent of the mucosal damage. On the basis of our preliminary experience wireless capsule endoscopy would appear to warrant an important role in the management of patients with small bowel diseases, supplementing information obtained with other diagnostic techniques.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A note on some numerical experiments with model mountain barriers

A two-level, β-plane, quasi-geostrophic model in σ-coordinates has been used to study basic interactions between baroclinic instability waves and standing waves created by planetary scale topographic barriers. Numerical experiments over periods of 100 days were carried out, firstly with a flat topography and secondly with meridionally oriented mountain barriers of heights up to 2300 m. Two interesting results emerged: one was concerned with the computational aspect of modelling, the other with basic large scale dynamics.The use of a centred differencing formulation of time dependent terms led to no computational difficulties in the case of flat topography, but with even a small barrier computational instability very quickly sets in. An Adams-Bashforth formulation entirely removes this instability.The insertion of mountain barriers reproduced cyclogenesis in the lee of the barriers with similar primary dynamical characteristics to those found in complex model studies (e.g. Manabe &amp; Terpstra, 1974).

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
References

Freyd’s generating hypothesis for groups with periodic cohomology. (English summary) Canad. Math. Bull. 55 (2012), no. 1, 48–59.1496-4287 Freyd’s generating hypothesis in stable homotopy theory (which is still a conjecture) is the statement that a map of finite spectra that induces the zero map in homotopy is null homotopic. The corresponding statement in the stable module category of a finite group over a field of characteristic p is known to be false in general. In this paper, it is shown that among groups with periodic cohomology, only those whose Sylow p-subgroup is cyclic of order two or three satisfy the generating hypothesis. Reviewed by David Benson

Topic: Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tensile and compressive stresses in Cu/W multilayers: correlation with microstructure, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity

In this document we share:<br> -raw data of the in-situ stress monitor of Cu/W multilayers with compressive and tensile internal stress<br> -raw data of the in-situ and ex-situ XPS sputter depth profile<br> -XRD data of Cu/W multilayers and their matlab simulations

Topic: Copper Interconnects and Reliability
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clustered O-Glycans of IgA1 DEFINING MACRO- AND MICROHETEROGENEITY BY USE OF ELECTRON CAPTURE/TRANSFER

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glo-merulonephritis in the world. Aberrantly glycosylated IgA1, with galactose (Gal)-deficient hinge region (HR) O-glycans, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is not known whether the glycosylation defect occurs randomly or preferentially at specific sites. We have described the utility of activated ion-electron cap-ture dissociation (AI-ECD) mass spectrometric analysis of IgA1 O-glycosylation. However, locating and characteriz-ing the entire range of O-glycan attachment sites are analytically challenging due to the clustered serine and threonine residues in the HR of IgA1 heavy chain. To address this problem, we analyzed all glycoforms of the HR glycopeptides of a Gal-deficient IgA1 myeloma pro-tein, mimicking the aberrant IgA1 in patients with IgAN, by use of a combination of IgA-specific proteases trypsin and AI-ECD Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The IgA-specific proteases provided a variety of IgA1 HR frag-ments that allowed unambiguous localization of all O-gly-cosylation sites in the six most abundant glycoforms, including the sites deficient in Gal. Additionally, this pro-tocol was adapted for on-line liquid chromatography (LC)-AI-ECD MS/MS and LC-electron transfer dissociation MS/MS analysis. Our results thus represent a new clini-cally relevant approach that requires ECD/electron trans-fer dissociation-type fragmentation to define the molecu-lar events leading to pathogenesis of a chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, this work offers generally applica-ble principles for the analysis of clustered sites of

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Update from the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM)

The Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM) was established in 2005 to promote the use of alternatives to animal testing in regulatory studies, thereby replacing, reducing, or refining the use of animals, according to the Three Rs principles. JaCVAM assesses the utility, limitations and suitability for use in regulatory studies, of test methods needed to determine the safety of chemicals and other materials. JaCVAM also organises and performs validation studies of new test methods, when necessary. In addition, JaCVAM co-operates and collaborates with similar organisations in related fields, both in Japan and internationally, which also enables JaCVAM to provide input during the establishment of guidelines for new alternative experimental methods. These activities help facilitate application and approval processes for the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, pesticides, and other products, as well as for revisions to standards for cosmetic products. In this manner, JaCVAM plays a leadership role in the introduction of new alternative experimental methods for regulatory acceptance in Japan.

Topic: Animal testing and alternatives
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Why Temporary Labour Migration is Not a Satisfactory Alternative to Permanent Migration

Temporary labour migration programs are often proposed as a way to provide the benefits of migration in general, while mitigating the allegedly problematic effects of permanent migration. Here I propose that the arguments deployed in favour of temporary labour migration over permanent migration are flawed, normatively, and that empirically temporary labour migration programs produce effects in receiving states that are even worse than those (allegedly) produced by permanent migration. As a result, I shall argue that, for reasons of consistency, advocates of restricting permanent migration should support restricting temporary labour migration programs as well. I conclude not by arguing that temporary labour migration programs should be abandoned, but rather that we must focus more seriously on re-constructing temporary labour migration programs that do not produce these dilemmas, as well as on generating policies that alleviate the challenges they often pose in receiving societies.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrogen Plasma Removal of Military Paints: Chemical Characterization of Samples

Abstract : A moderate temperature hydrogen plasma has been developed for removal of chemical-agent-resistant coating (CARC) propellant coatings, and the chemistry and morphology of the CARC removal process has been investigated. A microwave-based plasma generator, producing a low-temperature atomic beam was used to treat the samples. The plasma heats the sample only 10-20 deg C. Additional heat was supplied to maintain temperatures of 200-300 deg C. Helium and hydrogen plasmas were studied in this effort. However, helium was not at all effective, showing that atomic bombardment alone is not sufficient to remove the paint, and that chemical reactivity is needed. One of the CARC paints studied, a conventional formulation, is on the qualified products list, while the other two formulations are experimental. Paint variables that were studied include: one- and two-pack formulations; moisture-cured and water-reducible chemistries; aluminum with chromate, and steel with zinc phosphate conversion coatings; and presence or absence of an adhesive epoxy sublayer. The samples were characterized by microreflectance and photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. Heat treatment to 300 deg C resulted in some degradation of the conventional CARC, but the experimental CARC was mostly unaffected. The hydrogen plasma removed up to 50 weight-percent of the CARC layers, but was much more effective in degrading the conventional formulation. Virtually all of the urea, amine, and polyurethane (present in the resin as a prepolymer) functional groups were removed by the H-plasma in the case of the conventional propellant, whereas in the experimental paints, these groups were only slightly reduced.

Topic: Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Feeling "holier than thou": Are self-serving assessments produced by errors in self- or social prediction?

People typically believe they are more likely to engage in selfless, kind, and generous behaviors than their peers, a result that is both logically and statistically suspect. However, this oft-documented tendency presents an important ambiguity. Do people feel "holier than thou" because they harbor overly cynical views of their peers (but accurate impressions of themselves) or overly charitable views of themselves (and accurate impressions of their peers)? Four studies suggested it was the latter. Participants consistently overestimated the likelihood that they would act in generous or selfless ways, whereas their predictions of others were considerably more accurate. Two final studies suggest this divergence in accuracy arises, in part, because people are unwilling to consult population base rates when predicting their own behavior but use this diagnostic information more readily when predicting others'.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Métodos de Pontos Interiores Aplicados à Basis Pursuit

Vários são os métodos propostos para reconstrução de sinal. Nosso enfoque é o método Basis Pursuit. Trabalhando com dicionários overcomplete, são inúmeras as combinações possíveis para a representação do sinal e Basis Pursuit encontra a mais esparsa. Veremos que podemos reescrever o problema em questão como um problema de programação linear. Apresentaremos um método já existente para a resolução deste problema, o Método Primal-Dual Barreira Logarítmica. Vamos aplicar o Método Barreira Logarítmica, e buscando maior eficiência, iremos incluir a direção afim-escala, a direção de centragem e a direção de correção no mesmo método, obtendo o Método Primal-Dual Barreira Logarítmica Preditor-Corretor. Resultados computacionais com problemas reais comprovam a eficiência do método proposto.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
208.6: The Impact of Obese Deceased Donor on Outcome in Simultaneous Pancreas/Kidney Transplants - A Registry Analysis

Introduction: The obesity epidemic is contributing to the shortage of organs available for transplantation. The (arbitrary) BMI cut points are set because the obese donor may be pre-diabetic and therefore may not be an appropriate pancreas donor. The goal of this study was to assess the risk of using an obese deceased donor for a SPK transplant. Material: All 6,859 deceased adult donors (1/2010 - 12/2020) for a SPK with available weight data at time of transplant were analyzed. The donor BMI was classified according to WHO recommendations as ‘Underweight’, ‘Normal’, ‘Overweight’, ‘Obese Class 1’, and ‘Obese Class 2 and 3’ (See Table 1). Comprehensive description of characteristics was given. Univariate patient and graft survival rates were computed, and multifactorial models were developed to assess the risk of obesity on technical failure and long-term graft outcomes.Results: Table 1 shows the different donor characteristics by BMI category. With increasing BMI there was a significant trend towards a decrease in donor age and an increase in the rate of African Americans donors. There was also an increase in female donors with increasing BMI. Univariate analysis patient survival was not negatively impacted by donor BMI for the first 4 BMI categories including Obese class 1 category donors.Only Obese class 2 and 3 donors had lower patient survival (Table 1). The same trend was noted for pancreas and kidney graft survival (Figure 1). The negative impact of a very high donor BMI was more evident in the kidney (vs. pancreas) graft. The multivariable adjusted Cox regression showed a relative risk for pancreas graft failure in Obese class 2 and 3 recipients of 1.7 [0.9 – 3.2] and for kidney graft failure of 2.0 [0.8–4.3]. Conclusions: This analysis showed that that excellent patient and graft outcomes in SPK can be achieved with donors with a BMI of up to 35kg/m2. A BMI over 35kg/m2 negatively impacted specifically kidney survival long-term.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reliability Analysis of a Self-Developed Elderly Well-Being Scale

Introduction/Objective: The well-being of older people needs to be assessed periodically to plan and manage proper care. This study aimed to assess the validity and analyse the reliability of the self-developed Well-being scale to determine the suitability of the scale for identifying the well-being status of older people and evaluating effectiveness of self-structured nursing interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 31 older people living in a rural community in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal in September 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used, and face-to-face interview in home visit was done using Self-structured Elderly Well-being Scale. The internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and test re-test on a three and six point Likert scale. Results: Respondents were more female (51.6%) with a mean age of 66.70 ±4.65, and 19 (61.29%) were in the age group 60-67 years. There are four domains in the well-being scale. The physical well-being scale was found to be highly reliable in Cronbach’s alpha (0.892), the test re-test method (0.9957), and the test re-test reliability was higher than Cronbach’s alpha. The psychological well-being scale was also highly reliable in Cronbach’s alpha (0.871) and test re-test method (0.9788). Similarly, the reliability of the social and spiritual well-being scale were good in Cronbach’s alpha (0.758 &amp; 0.774) and very good in the test re-test (0.9100 &amp; 0.8876), respectively. The inter-item reliability was also found suitable. Conclusion: The elderly well-being scale demonstrated exemplary performance in tests of reliability and validity. It can individually assess physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being and older people’s overall well-being in the community and institutional settings. It is a suitable tool for assessing well-being status and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Key words: Well-being Scale, Reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, Persons’ Correlation, Older People and Rural Community.

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences