jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Mal functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of their signaling pathway are important in the initiation of the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. The adaptor protein Mal (also known as TIRAP), encoded by TIRAP (MIM 606252), mediates downstream signaling of TLR2 and TLR4 (refs. 4-6). We report a case-control study of 6,106 individuals from the UK, Vietnam and several African countries with invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis. We genotyped 33 SNPs, including rs8177374, which encodes a leucine substitution at Ser180 of Mal. We found that heterozygous carriage of this variant associated independently with all four infectious diseases in the different study populations. Combining the study groups, we found substantial support for a protective effect of S180L heterozygosity against these infectious diseases (N = 6,106; overall P = 9.6 x 10(-8)). We found that the Mal S180L variant attenuated TLR2 signal transduction.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Impact of Restrictive Measures on the Price Discovery Function of Stock Index Futures – Evidence From CSI 500 Stock Index Futures

Restrictive measures implemented by governments have a great impact on the price discovery function of stock index futures. This study compares the price discovery function of CSI 500 stock index futures and CSI 500 stock index before and after the implementation of restrictive measures based on the reaction speed to new information, the price ratio of new information and the price contribution of both future market and spot market. It also analyzes the difference between the price discovery function of the future market and that of the spot market and thus proposes policy implications accordingly.Utilizing data of CSI 500 stock index futures in the period of the stock market crash, this study compares the price discovery function before and after the implementation of restrictive measures. By means of the VECM model and common factor analysis, it further investigates the difference in the price contribution of the two markets. Contributing to existing literature on the relationship between the future market and the spot market, this study explores the change in the price contribution of the two markets and therein studies the impact of restrictive measures on the price discovery function. Empirical evidence finds that before the implementation of restrictive measures, the price discovery function worked more efficiently, while, however, after the implementation of restrictive measures, the price discovery function did not work. Hence, stock index futures do assist in the price discovery of the spot market. In some special time periods, however, due to the impact of restrictive policies, the price contribution of the spot market exceeded that of the future market, implying that the price discovery function of the CSI 500 stock index future market is unstable.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the Finnish AINO Programme 2004-2007

The goal of the AINO programme was to develop collection, management and exploitation of real-time information and to create thereby prerequisites for ITS services improving the safety, efficiency and sustainability of the transport system. It is subdivided in five sub-programmes; Public Transport Information, Goods Transport Information, Transport Network Status Information, Driver Support and Service Framework. This evaluation study aimed to assess how the AINO programme had reached its objectives, whether the focus had been correct in view of global developments, how the results should be exploited, and how the R&D programme activities should be continued. The evaluation was based on interviews, assessment forms, information collected through desk study, reports, websites, European Commission documents etc. The programme achieved its project effectiveness, professional expertise and networking objectives. The financial incentive offered by AINO funding clearly provided impetus and delivered commitments in the organisations involved, public sector as well as private. More active conversation between projects within AINO as well as with the European R&D programmes could have been of added value regarding the exploitation of knowledge and findings of the projects. Progress was made specifically on the concepts and methods involved in multi-modal real-time services for passengers. Progress on real time services for freight shippers and commercial deliveries was less apparent. Recommendations are that future programmes on real-time multi-modal services should be organised in such a way that the stakeholders who will be responsible for development and implementation can easily build upon the results. Sufficient resources should be allocated to independent evaluation studies and fundamental innovative research. Results and findings from the projects that are not commercially sensitive should be published in detail and in a form accessible to the stakeholders. In addition there is a need for high-level summaries of results for decision-makers and the media. Lastly, in addition to research and development, further work is needed on the functional business models for multi-modal information services and on the implementation of AINO findings in separate transport investment programmes. This report may be found at http://www.mintc.fi/oliver/upl896-LVM45_2007.pdf

Topic: Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occupational Radiation Exposure and Safety Practices in Nuclear Medicine: A Review of Monitoring Studies in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a rich history of nuclear medicine, dating back to the 1960s. Over the years, technological advancements and an increasing number of facilities have led to significant improvements in medical diagnostics and therapeutic services. However, occupational exposure to ionizing radiation remains critical for workers handling unsealed radioactive sources in practices like nuclear medicine. Hence, occupational exposure to radionuclides in nuclear medicine requires stringent monitoring to ensure worker safety. This review evaluates the internal and external radiation doses received by nuclear medicine workers in Bangladesh based on seven studies conducted from 2010 to 2024. Data from these studies were analyzed to estimate effective doses and assess compliance with international safety standards. The results show that effective doses across various facilities were well below the annual average dose limit prescribed by national regulation and international organizations like the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, variations in methodology and monitoring practices highlight the need for standardized protocols and routine evaluations. This study emphasizes the importance of continued adherence to safetyprinciples and provides evidence for improving occupational radiation monitoring programs in nuclear medicine practices in Bangladesh. While current safety protocols maintain exposure below prescribed limits, significant variability in individual doses and the increasing complexity of nuclear medicine practices necessitate ongoing monitoring and safety protocol enhancements in the country.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determinants of blockchain technology adoption among Zakat institutions in Malaysia: a proposed integrated model

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology that is capable of transforming and facilitating Zakat institutions to manage the Zakat proceeds and connect Zakat payers and recipients in a more effective and efficient way. However, despite many benefits that it can offer, the adoption rate is still very low especially in developing countries. While studies on blockchain have gained a relative pace over the recent years, the literature on this topic does not report adequate research cases on blockchain adoption behavior at the individual level. This study, therefore, aims to bridge this gap, notably by examining factors that influence blockchain adoption behavior among employees in Zakat institutions in Malaysia, Drawing on the emerging literature on blockchain, Zakat and network theory, as well as on Technology Acceptance Models (TAMs), we have developed an integrated model based on the Classical Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and blockchain transparency. The research findings will be a platform to unravel the belief factors that influence the formation of attitude of the employees in Zakat institutions and their intention to adopt blockchain technology.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Autonomous Release of a Snagged Solar Array: Technologies and Laboratory Demonstration

This paper describes a novel concept of operations, payload hardware, terminal navigation strategy, and localized vision scheme for autonomous release of a snagged solar array using a robotic servicing spacecraft. The hardware suite on the servicer consists of two robot arms, end effector cameras, a scanning laser sensor, two local fixed lasers, an end effector fiducial tool, and various active light sources for long-range and localized target illumination. The concept of operations consists of a terminal approach phase, a servicer preparation phase, and an array release phase. The scanning laser sensor is used throughout all phases to determine target pose, whereas the end effector cameras are used during the approach phase for variable baseline stereo ranging and during the release phase for localized scene imaging and arm guidance. Realistic full-scale laboratory tests in a six-degree-of-freedom relative navigation and control testbed demonstrate the complex integration and interaction of close-range autonomous relative navigation, cooperative dual-arm robotics, and localized machine vision necessary to perform such a task.

Topic: Spacecraft Design and Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ridley, Paula Frances Cooper, (born 27 Sept. 1944), Chairman, Board of Trustees, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1998–2007; Director: Gulbenkian Foundation (UK), 1999–2007; English National Ballet, 2011–13

"Ridley, Paula Frances Cooper, (born 27 Sept. 1944), Chairman, Board of Trustees, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1998–2007; Director: Gulbenkian Foundation (UK), 1999–2007; English National Ballet, 2011–13" published on by Oxford University Press.

Topic: Diversity and Impact of Dance
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Neonatal videolaryngoscopy as a teaching aid: the trainees’ perspective

Introduction Neonatal intubation is a challenging skill to acquire. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) found junior trainees had higher intubation success rates if their supervisor shared their airway view on a videolaryngoscope screen compared with intubations where the supervisor could not see the videolaryngoscope screen. The intubations in the trial were supervised by a group of experienced neonatologists who developed an intubation teaching package that aimed to be informative, consistent and supportive. We surveyed the trainees to assess their experiences of the intubation attempts. Methods Trainees participating in the RCT completed questionnaires anonymously after each intubation attempt. Questionnaires used 5-point Likert scales and free comment sections. Quantitative analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. In a qualitative analysis, free comments were coded to identify central recurring themes. Results Two hundred and six questionnaires were completed by 36 trainees. The majority reported that the guidance received during intubation was helpful, the postprocedure feedback was educational and their confidence levels were increased. Trainees appreciated a controlled environment and calm, consistent guidance. They found intubations in the delivery room, those involving unstable infants, large audiences and parental presence more stressful. Responses were positive whether the videolaryngoscope screen was visible or covered, emphasising the importance of consistent guidance. Overall, 16% of intubations were reported as intimidating. Conclusion The shared airway view offered by videolaryngoscopy was well received. In addition, taking measures to control the setting, with standardised guidance and feedback, improved confidence and created a more positive learning experience.

Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advanced rule driven transaction management

A framework to specify and execute application-specific protocols is proposed starting from a transaction processing background. These services are intended to be used by tools such as programming languages, which provide the appropriate user abstractions. Components export generic specifications of their subcomputations in terms of coordination events. Protocols specified by dependencies among the events allow the coordination of subcomputations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Village Sanitation System for Village

Sanitation is important of few years development goals which covers the important aspects of management of human excreta, domestic and industrial wastewater and hazardous substances .Hence, this project focuses on a selected rural area to plan a suitable water supply scheme in accordance with their demands and requirements. It hasnt be feasible to cover all villages with piped water supply because of various constraints such as Scattered and inaccessible nature of villages, Nonavailability of nearby water sources. The project also covered planning of facilities to maintain better sanitation and beautification of surrounding .Water is important and precious as it fulfils the basic necessity of life. It is necessary that the water used must be good and free from unwanted impurities or harmful toxic chemical compounds or bacteria More than 80 % of Indian population lives in rural areas, but only few of them have some form of potable water supply. It hasn’t be feasible to cover all villages with piped water supply because of various constraints such as Scattered and inaccessible nature of villages, Non- availability of nearby water sources.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD FIR2 #194772.1

FIR laser interferometer measures the line averaged electron density and the electron density profile. Laser source: CH3OH laser (119um, 100mW) Michelson & Heterodyne interferometer (beat freq. 1 MHz). Time resolution: 10us.

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vertex distinguishing total coloring of ladder graphs L_m(2<m≤37)

The vertex distinguishing total chromatic number of ladder graphs Lm≌Pm×P2 is n when 2m≤37 and C4n-1/2+2m≤C4n/2+2.

Topic: Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A AUSÊNCIA DE PROTEÇÃO PREVIDENCIÁRIA NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO AÇAÍ, E O MODO DE OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA

Abstract:This paper aims to present recent reflections about the informality usually detected in açai´s extraction and its labor relations, and how the people use to occupy the land contributes to this and to denature Government assistance. The text also explains how this kind of relationship is against some of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, indicating some ways to fix it. Keywords: Pension Coverage, Rural Work, Land Occupation

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
B lymphocytes not required for progression from insulitis to diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice

Previous studies have implicated B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. While it is clear that B lymphocytes are necessary, it has not been clear at which stage of disease they play a role; early, late or both. To clarify when B lymphocytes are needed, T lymphocytes were transferred from 5‐week‐old NOD female mice to age‐matched NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) recipient mice. NOD/SCID mice, which lack functionally mature T and B lymphocytes, do not normally develop insulitis or insulin‐dependent diabetes melitus (IDDM). The NOD/SCID mice that received purified T lymphocytes from 5‐week‐old NOD mice subsequently developed insulitis and diabetes even though they did not have detectable B lymphocytes. This suggests that while B lymphocytes may be essential for an initial priming event they are not requisite for disease progression in the NOD mouse.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Potential Harms and Benefits from Research on Medical Practices

Abstract A commentary on “SUPPORT and the Ethics of Study Implementation: Lessons for Comparative Effectiveness Research from the Trial of Oxygen Therapy for Premature Babies,” by John D. Lantos and Chris Feudtner, in the January‐February 2015 issue .

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inhibition of murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease by dideoxycytidine and dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate.

The antiretroviral activity of many nucleoside analogues depends not only on their ability to inhibit the virus reverse transcriptase but also on the specific cellular pools of natural deoxynucleosides and on the level of the enzymes responsible for their phosphorylation. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we have tested the efficacy of the oral administration of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC) and the administration of its phosphorylated derivative, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (DDCTP) encapsulated into autologous red blood cells in a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency model of AIDS (MAIDS). The results obtained showed that both single treatments are quite effective in preventing the typical signs of MAIDS. Combined treatment with both oral DDC and encapsulated DDCTP yields an additive response in some, but not all the parameters investigated. Furthermore, animals receiving the simultaneous administration of DDC and DDCTP show a reduction of animal body weight, a persistent high concentration of IgM, and a high titer of anti-LP-BM5 gag immunoglobulins. Thus, the administration of the same drug in different molecular forms and/or with different delivery systems should be carefully evaluated in preclinical animal models because of the unpredictability of the effects of these treatments from the conclusion drawn by studies on single treatment.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy for remote detection of chlorine gas

Abstract As a primary material frequently used in industry, chlorine is relatively easy to obtain and available even in large quantities. Despite its high toxicity, molecular chlorine is readily available since it is an essential educt in the chemical industry. Over the past decades, numerous accidents involving injured and dead victims have occurred. Furthermore, it was already misused as a warfare agent at the beginning of the last century with still reported attacks. Early detection, localization, and monitoring of sources and cloud movements are essential for protecting stationary facilities, mobile operations, and the public. In contrast to most chemical hazardous materials, where it is possible to detect them by vibrational spectroscopic methods (e.g., passive hyper-spectral absorption technologies in the infrared), halogens are inactive to infrared absorption. Raman-based technologies rely on changes in the polarizability of the molecule and provide vibrational-spectroscopic access to such diatomic molecules and therefore close the gap in infrared detection capabilities. Here we present a straightforward approach for a standoff Raman detector in a backscattering configuration. This paper uses a simplified model to discuss optimum excitation wavelengths in achievable detection ranges. We validate the model by spontaneous (vibrational) Raman spectroscopic measurements between 20 and 60 m standoff distance. We also briefly discuss detection performances and technical and physical aspects as prospects of system design.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phototoxic Metabolites of Tropical Plants

Over 400 species of tropical plants from 76 families were assayed for phototoxic activity. Furanocoumarins, an important class of phototoxins, were identified from three genera of the Moraceae (fig family). Dorstenia, an herbaceous member of this family, was particularly rich in these metabolites. The distribution of furanocoumarins in the Moraceae as well as evolutionary and ecological aspects are discussed.

Topic: Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors Associated with the Non-screening Status of Cervical Cancer Screening Test in Korean Adult Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012)

Background: This study aimed to explore the associations of social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific factors with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test in Korean adult women. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 9,698 Korean adult women aged 20 years or more who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys V (2010?2012). Rao-Scott chi-square tests and survey logistic regression analyses were employed respectively to analyze the difference in the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test by each characteristic and to explore the factors related to the non-screening status. Results: The rate of the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test was 53.5% over the previous 2 years. In the survey logistics regression analysis, age, marital status, educational levels, income levels, residential area, occupation, private health insurance, smoking, alcohol, obesity, menstrual status, pregnancy experience, and hormone replacement therapy were significantly associated with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, some social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific characteristics of Korean adult women seem to affect the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Therefore, appropriate health policies need to be designed, implemented, monitored, and evaluated to reduce the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test of them.

Topic: Health and Wellbeing Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences