jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preparation of porous carbon from palm shell using phosphoric acid activation: process optimisation, adsorption, reagent recovery and reuseability

The objective of present work is to develop chemically activated carbons from palm shell using H3PO4 via optimisation on the process parameters such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time, with the aim of achieving high yield and well developed pore structure. The process optimisations have been conducted utilising the optimisation tool Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Various issues associated with chemical activation process such as the activation in inert media/self-generated atmosphere (SGA) and activation with reclaimed reagent were also been addressed. The kinetics of the H3PO4 activation and significance of SGA have been assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The activated carbon have been characterised for (i) pore size distribution, average pore size and the surface area using the BET surface area analyser, (ii) the surface textures and structure of the pores using SEM, FT-IR and XRD. Based on the pore structure and the surface area, suitability of the PSAC for adsorption on specific macromolecules, Methylene Blue (MB) and dairy COD have been developed. Effectiveness of an adsorbent is assessed by the equilibrium adsorption capacity and the rate of adsorption of the adsorbent. Experiments on adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the mentioned adsorbates have been established. The recovery and reusability of H3PO4 for subsequent activation of palm shell under identical experimental conditions were also being thoroughly investigated. PSAC with BET surface area exceed 2000m /g has been developed, coupled with high carbon yield of approximately 50%. The good adsorption value on MB and dairy COD correspond with high mesopore content in PSAC, a unique character of the carbon. The significance of SGA has been demonstrated from TGA analysis. The reclaimed H3PO4 is found to have almost similar activation capability as that fresh acid in terms of yield and textural characteristics.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of (-)-epicatechin on oxidation of theaflavins by polyphenol oxidase from tea leaves.

The oxidation of black tea components such as theaflavin, theaflavin monogallates, and theaflavin digallate by partially purified polyphenol oxidase from tea leaves in the presence and absence of equimolar concentrations of (-)-epicatechin was studied in model fermentation experiments under aerobic conditions. The oxidation of theaflavin monogallates was more rapid than that of theaflavin digallate, which was very slow. (-)-Epigallocatechin was not effective in oxidizing theaflavin components, instead it prevented their oxidation.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preferences Related to Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): Qualitative Study of SMA Caregivers and Health Care Professionals Treating SMA Types 1 and 2 in the United States (P16-5.005)

We sought to investigate the most important treatment characteristic preferences of US families and US health care professionals (HCPs) in choosing disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for SMA type 1 or 2.

Topic: Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
209: Identification of Vascular Pericyte-specific Genes in Clear Cell Renal Carinoma

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 5, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007209: Identification of Vascular Pericyte-specific Genes in Clear Cell Renal Carinoma Hyung L. Kim, Mark A. Nogueira, Sean Glenn, Ping Liang, Craig Jones, and Ken Gross Hyung L. KimHyung L. Kim More articles by this author , Mark A. NogueiraMark A. Nogueira More articles by this author , Sean GlennSean Glenn More articles by this author , Ping LiangPing Liang More articles by this author , Craig JonesCraig Jones More articles by this author , and Ken GrossKen Gross More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30474-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "209: Identification of Vascular Pericyte-specific Genes in Clear Cell Renal Carinoma." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 70 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 70 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hyung L. Kim More articles by this author Mark A. Nogueira More articles by this author Sean Glenn More articles by this author Ping Liang More articles by this author Craig Jones More articles by this author Ken Gross More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hindutva Groups Use Adivasis To Attack Muslims and Their Homes – South Asia Citizens Web

The PUCL fact finding team led by Vice President of the State PUCL, senior advocate Ramesh Nandwana, District Secretary, Vinita Srivastava, State Executive member and lawyer Arun Vyas other…

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort®) reduces treatment costs in asthma

Adjustable maintenance dosing permits patients to increase or decrease their medication, according to a management plan, in response to daily variations in asthma. Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler was compared with fixed dosing bid in eight randomised, open-label studies. Data on resource utilisation were collected prospectively in six of the studies. Duration of randomised treatment was 3 months (UK, Italy, Germany), 4 months (Belgium), 5 months (Canada) or 6 months (Sweden). Mean number of budesonide/formoterol inhalations/day was significantly lower for adjustable maintenance dosing vs. fixed dosing, which resulted in significantly lower drug and total costs with adjustable maintenance dosing vs. fixed-dosing group. In the 3- and 4-month studies, both regimens had similar effectiveness. In the Canadian and Swedish studies, a significantly lower percentage of adjustable maintenance dosing patients had asthma exacerbations compared with fixed dosing. Adjustable maintenance dosing reduced treatment costs, providing similar or better asthma control at a lower overall dose, compared with fixed dosing.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A review of black-footed ferret reintroduction in northwest Colorado, 2001-2006

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cooperating Agencies and Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Program History and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Description of the Wolf Creek Management Area. . . . . . . . . . . 5 Prairie Dog Management and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Disease Management and Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Black-Footed Ferret Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Allocation and Preconditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Monitoring Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Spotlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Radio Telemetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Working Dogs for Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Snowtracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Reproduction in the Wild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Population Size, Survival, and Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Discussion and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Appendix A: Colony-Specific Prairie Dog Transect Sampling Summary for the Wolf Creek Management Area, 2004–2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Appendix B: Summary of Black-Footed Ferret Release Data from the Wolf Creek Management Area, 2001–2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Literature Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Topic: Fire effects on ecosystems
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Climate Change and the Economics of Conservation Tillage

This study evaluates the economics of conservation tillage (chisel till and no till) and examines how climate change will likely affect it. We use data from long-term experimental plots in Indiana to estimate how corn and soybean yields respond to weather patterns under alternative tillage practices. Yield functions are coupled with random draws of weather variables to construct distributions describing the probability that conservation tillage will result in higher profits than more intensive tillage, under current and future climatic regimes. Results suggest that, in our study area, projected climate change will make conservation tillage more attractive.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPARISON ON THREE KINDS OF PARTICLE SIZE ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR RARE EARTH PERMANENT MATERIAL NdFeN

Particle size and Particle size distrubition is the most important character of powders.We test rare earth permanent material NdFeN,particle size is analysed by laser light scattering method(dry method and wet method) and SEM,then the three test results are compared.The test results show,when the particle size is analyzed the abundant scattering of the sample is a foundation measured accurately.Combine the intuition of microscope and fast,accurately,conveniently of laser size instrument,for guaranteeing the reliability of the particle size analysis result is very useful.

Topic: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The results of treatment of dislocation and fracture--dislocation of the elbow--a review of 41 patients.

Forty-one patients with 42 elbow dislocations, of which 13 had acute simple dislocations, 21 had fracture-dislocations and 8 had neglected elbow dislocations, were evaluated with regard to limitation of motion, pain, instability and residual neurovascular deficit. All patients with acute simple dislocation were treated with closed reduction, but the duration of immobilization before commencement of active motion varied. Open-reduction was indicated for failed closed reduction and neglected-dislocations. Internal fixation as a primary procedure was only performed for displaced fracture-dislocation. Excision of radial head or tricepsplasty were performed if the reduction was impossible in neglected elbow dislocation. Despite a good results in acute simple dislocation, 33.07% had flexion contracture of between 5 to 30 degrees. In fracture dislocation, satisfactory results were seen in whom the elbow was immobilized for three weeks or less. Neglected-dislocation is associated with poor functional outcome, 37.5% were good and 62.5% were poor. Prolonged immobilization after injury was strongly associated with an unsatisfactory result. The results indicate that early properly supervised active motion is a key factor in the rehabilitation of elbow dislocation.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysm of Duplication of the Middle Cerebral Artery -Case Report-

A 60-year-old woman presented with a rare unruptured aneurysm of duplication of the middle cerebral artery (DMCA) identified at examination for headache. Preoperative cerebral angiography revealed the DMCA and a small aneurysm at its origin. Surgical clipping was performed successfully via the trans-sylvian approach. DMCA aneurysms have a tendency to bleed even if small, but the anatomical configuration causes some technical difficulties.

Topic: Moyamoya disease diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Density functional theory studies on structures and absorption spectra of [Au(tpy)Cl]<sup>2+</sup> and its derivatives: Role of basis set, functional, solvent effect, and spin orbit effect

Abstract The geometries of [Au(tpy)Cl] 2+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) and its derivatives ( 1 – 4 ) were optimized using relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at both scalar and two‐component spin orbit coupling (SOC) level of theory via zero order regular approximation (ZORA). The combination of OPTX exchange, PW91c correlation functional (denoted as OP91), all‐electron ZORA TZ2P basis set was found to be the optimal combination for geometry. The results reveal that both SOC and substituents have little effect on the geometry of complexes 1 – 4 . Then, their absorption spectra were investigated by scalar relativistic time dependent DFT (TDDFT)/SAOP/TZ2P in vacuum, in CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN solvents by means of conductor like screening model. The calculations indicate that the nature of the low‐lying spin‐allowed excited states is gold‐perturbed intraligand transition, namely charge reorganization. This fact also demonstrates that the influence of the polarity of solvent on absorption spectra of 1 – 4 is negligible. The spin orbit TDDFT was also performed to get further insight into the effect of SOC on the absorption spectra. It is found that the SOC has little influence on the simulation of electronic spectrum of complexes 1 – 4 due to no significant involvement of d‐orbitals during electronic transition. Our conclusions are reliable and are in good agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical investigations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Geometrical Correlation Between The Right And Left Ventricular Outflow Tract In Young Bav Vs. Tav Patients: Implications For The Ross Procedure

Objective: Ross procedure has been recommended as an excellent strategy for the treatment of stenotic aortic valve lesions in young patients' population. However, there are still concerns when implementing pulmonary autograft in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Therefore, we aim to analyze the geometric discrepancies between right and left ventricular outflow tract in young patients with BAV vs. tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) using multi-detected computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: A total of consecutive 43 patients between 20 and 70 years old who were referred for aortic valve operation and underwent preoperative MDCT between January 2016 and June 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with aortic root/ascending aortic aneurysm or annuloaortic ectasia were excluded. Based on preoperative transesophageal echocardiography, a total of 35 patients were diagnosed with BAV, whereas the remaining 8 patients had TAV. Using MDCT, the diameter of aortic valve (AV) annulus and pulmonary valve (PV) annulus, left and right ventricular outflow tract were measured and compared in BAV vs. TAV patients. Results: There was a tendency towards larger LVOT and aortic root diameters in BAV cohort (Table 1). Contrary to that, RVOT and pulmonary artery diameters were comparable between BAV and TAV patients. We found no relevant discrepancy between LVOT/RVOT in BAV vs. TAV patients. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between AV orifice area vs. PV orifice area in BAV vs. TAV patients.Table 1.BAV(n=35)TAV(n=8)p-valueLVOT/Sinus Valsalva/Ascending aorta (mm)27.0±4.5/39.2±4.1/38.4±7.224.2±3.0/33.4±6.1/34.0±5.10.130/0.045/0.022AV Annulus min/max (mm)28.2±2.9/33.7±3.326.8±2.6/31.9±5.00.289/0.242Aortic valve area (cm2)7.5±1.57.0±1.90.249RVOT/Pulmonary artery (mm)26.0±5.6/26.2±3.326.2±6.0/26.0±2.00.742/0.522PV Annulus min/max (mm)27.4±3.5/35.3±3.527.8±2.6/35.1±6.20.565/0.818PV area (cm2)7.6±1.38.0±2.30.781Ratio Aortic annulus min/pulmonary annulus min/max1.0±0.1/1.0±0.11.0±0.04/0.9±0.10.118/0.374Ratio LVOT/RVOT1.1±0.21.0±0.20.782 Open table in a new tab Conclusions: Our study revealed no significant geometrical discrepancies between left and right outflow tracts in young BAV patients as compared to the TAV patients. Therefore, geometric discrepancies between pulmonary autograft and aortic root should not be used as an argument to abandon Ross procedure in young BAV patients.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SPIN TRAPPING BY USE OF A WATER-SOLUBLE NITROSO COMPOUND

Abstract The preparation of sodium 2,4-dimethyl-3-nitrosobenzenesulfonate and its perdeuterio-analogue and their use in spin trapping in aqueous solutions are described.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
10-Mbps electro-optic resonant phase modulator

A resonant cavity electro-optic phase modulator has been designed and implemented to operate at a data rate of 10 Mbps. The modulator consists of an electro-optic crystal located in a highly resonant cavity. The cavity is electro-optically switched on and off resonance, and the phase dispersion nearthe cavity resonance provides the output phase modulation. The performance of the modulator was measured by first heterodyne-detecting the signal to an intermediate frequency and then measuring the spectral characteristics using an rf spectrum analyzer. The measured phase shift is shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Further theoretical analysis shows that the design of the modulator can be scaled to operate at 100 Mbps.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
U.S. Military Overseas Basing: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress

On August 16, 2004, the Bush Administration announced a proposal to significantly alter the U.S. overseas military basing posture. The proposal would, if implemented, establish new overseas operating sites, and transfer up to 70,000 U.S. troops, plus 100,000 family members and civilians, from Europe and Asia back to the United States. The Administration argues that current U.S. global basing arrangements are a product of World War II and the Korean War. With the end of the Cold War, these basing arrangements need to be updated to ensure that U.S. forces are optimally positioned to respond to potential 21st-Century military threats. The Administration's proposal has received mixed reactions from non-DoD observers. A May 2004 Congressional Budget Office report raises questions concerning the potential cost effectiveness of changing the current Army overseas basing posture. The Administration's proposal raises several potential oversight issues for Congress. This report will be updated as necessary.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New Biopolymer Nanocomposite based Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)/ Corn Starch Modified Clay

Background: Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a type of biodegradable polymers that have gained considerable attention among scholars as a great completion has been observed worldwide to find alternatives to petroleum-based polymeric materials. Methods: A modified clay was used in preparing nanocomposites for the PBS/Corn starch mixture. Nanocomposites were prepared by 0.5-5 percent of HDA-MMT being integrated. An X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was employed to characterize the modifier’s interaction in the clay layer. To the nanocomposites to be synthesized, a solution was used to cast off the modified clay and (PBS)/Corn starch) blend. Results: The nanocomposites production was verified by XRD and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion: Modified clay nanocomposites (PBS/Corn starch) demonstrate higher thermal stability and substantial improvement in contrast to the PBS/Corn starch blend.

Topic: biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Commission’s Proposal for a Directive on Double Taxation Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: Overcoming the Final Hurdle of Juridical Double Taxation within the European Union?

This article examines the Commission’s proposal for a Directive on Double Taxation Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, highlighting interpretative issues that arise from its wording and discussing the conditions under which it could potentially lead to the elimination of (juridical) double taxation within the European Union.

Topic: Taxation and Legal Issues
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection of Aerobic Bacterial Species Causing Pneumonia in Sheep and Goats and their Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Sudan

Aims: This study was conducted in Khartoum and Gezira States slaughterhouses to investigate the bacterial spp. associated with pneumonia in condemned sheep and goat lungs. Study Design: A total of 2085 animals were examined grossly for respiratory lesions (sheep= 1601 and goats= 484). Place and Duration of Study: Khartoum and Gezira States slaughterhouses during different seasons, from 2018-2020 and conducted in Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Sudan. Methodology: Bacterial spp. were isolated and identified using analytical profile index strips then more characterization done using Polymerase chain reaction for representative 20 selected isolates and finally antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. Results: Out of 320 pneumonic lung samples, 116 samples showed pure colonies and 41 were mixed culture while 163 revealed no bacterial growth. The main bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Streptococcus spp. Corynebacterium spp. Pseudomonas spp. Staph spp. and Bacillus spp. Twenty representative bacterial isolates examined by PCR technique 10 were Staph aureus and 10 were E. coli to confirm identification. Seven of each were found positive. The Gram-positive bacteria resulted in 41 resistant isolates, 21 intermediate and 141 sensitive to different antibiotics. Ten bacterial species were reported resistant for more than two Antibiotics from different classes mainly tetracycline, methicillin, penicillin and erythromycin. The Gram-negative bacteria resulted in 59 were resistant, 13 intermediate and 108 sensitive to antibiotics. Seventeen of them were multidrug resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, Imipenem and ceftriaxone. Conclusion: It was concluded that bacteria could be the main cause responsible for pneumonia in sheep and goats, some of these bacterial isolates were resistance to several Antibiotic which have an impact on public health.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences