jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Proxy Analysis of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Rice Plan by Using the Gravimetric Method.

水稲各器官中の非構造性炭水化物(NSC)の簡易定量法としての重量法の有効性を検討した. 試料約0.5gに蒸留水30mLを加えてホットプレート上で加熱してデンプンを糊化, 放冷後, リン酸緩衝液(KH2PO4;12.08g L-1, Na2HPO4・12H2O;3.98g L-1, NaN3;0.025g L-1)20mLにα-アミラーゼ1.5mgとアミログルコシダーゼ0.5mgを添加した懸濁液を加え, 40℃・24時間振どう培養を行い, NSCの抽出を行った. 重量法では, NSC抽出後, 全ての残渣を濾紙(Advantic Toyo No.5A)上に濾別し, この残渣乾物重を測定し, それと試料乾物の差より可溶性物質含有率(NSCWS)を算出した. 比色法では, この濾液に弱酸加熱処理を加えた後, ρ-ヒドロキシ安息香酸ヒドラジド法により, グルコース換算量の還元糖含有率(NSCGL)を測定した. 水稲の葉身では両分析値間に一定の関係はなかったが, 葉鞘+稈および穂では, 極めて高い正の相関(r2≧0.912)があり, この関係には栽培条件, 品種, 生育時期等による明確な差異はなかった. 誤差の伝播法則を用いて画法の誤差を比較した結果, 重量法のNSCWS分析値およびそのNSCGLへの変換値の方が, 比色法のNSCGL分析値よりも誤差が小さかった. 近赤外分光分析法(NIR法)に用いた場合, NSCWSの方がNSCGLよりも誤差が小さかった. 以上より, 重量法は, それ単独で, あるいはNIR法と結合させることで, 水稲の葉鞘+稈および穂のNSCを簡易・迅速・高精度に分析できること, NSCWSはNSCの指標となること, そして, 回帰式NSCGL=1.10NSCWS-11.7(葉鞘+稈), NSCGL=1.07 NSCWS-8.2(穂)により, NSCGLにも高精度で変換できることがわかった.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atkin's Encyclopaedia of Court Forms in Civil Proceedings

This book describes the competition law provisions of both UK and EEC law, providing an understanding of the potential scope and application of the various legal provisions which currently exist. The second part of the book analyzes specific competition law problems of a contextual basis, comparing and contrasting the different approaches of the UK and the EEC. The author refers to recent developments, including decisions by the European Court of Justice and the European Commission ,which have developed the law into new areas such as franchising, know-how licensing, and joint ventures. There has also been similar development in case law in the UK.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

R0 resection is mandatory for ICC patient to achieve long-term survival. Aggressive resection benefits for selected patients with local advanced disease. Higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were poor prognostic factors for ICC patients after R0 resection.

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Symmetry incorporated fuzzy c-means method for image segmentation

This paper presents a new modified fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm that exploits bilateral symmetry information in image data. With the assumption of pixels that are located symmetrically tend to have similar intensity values; we compute the degree of symmetry for each pixel with respect to a global symmetry axis of the image. This information is integrated into the objective function of the standard FCM algorithm. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach. The method was further improved using neighbourhood information, and was compared with conventional fuzzy c-means algorithms.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prioritizing Access to Surgical Care During the Coronavirus Pandemic

Department of Surgery, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom Funding/Support: None reported. Financial Disclosures: None reported. Correspondence: Gordon L. Carlson, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.S.Ed., Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Intestinal Failure Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK. E-mail: [email protected]

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Challenges
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural relaxation in atomic clusters: Master equation dynamics

The role of the potential energy landscape in determining the relaxation dynamics of model clusters is studied using a master equation. Two types of energy landscape are examined: a single funnel, as exemplified by 13-atom Morse clusters, and the double funnel landscape of the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster. Interwell rate constants are calculated using Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory within the harmonic approximation, but anharmonic model partition functions are also considered. Decreasing the range of the potential in the Morse clusters is shown to hinder relaxation towards the global minimum, and this effect is related to the concomitant changes in the energy landscape. The relaxation modes that emerge from the master equation are interpreted and analysed to extract interfunnel rate constants for the Lennard-Jones cluster. Since this system is too large for a complete characterization of the energy landscape, the conditions under which the master equation can be applied to a limited database are explored. Connections are made to relaxation processes in proteins and structural glasses.

Topic: Material Dynamics and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Assessment of Hemp Shiv and Green Adhesives to Produce a Biocomposite Material

This study investigated the utilization of innovative green composites made from hemp shiv, a waste by-product of hemp cultivation, with the aim of promoting sustainability within the construction industry. The manufacturing method involved the application of pressure in a mold to create the samples. These materials were produced using an environmentally friendly binder consisting of colophony, arabic gum, and corn starch. Moreover, white glue and bioepoxy were also used to compare with the green resins. Three different binder compositions were used for the specimens. The samples underwent mechanical testing through tensile and bending assessments, and their performance was compared to that of non-green binders to validate the effectiveness of the manufacturing processes. The study revealed that decreasing the moisture content during the curing process was crucial for improving the mechanical properties. The best results were achieved when using arabic gum as a binder, yielding a tensile strength of 2.16 MPa and a bending strength of 5.25 MPa, with a composition of 62.5% hemp shiv and a manufacturing process involving a pressure of 5 MPa.

Topic: Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Feeding on compatible solutes: A substrate‐induced pathway for uptake and catabolism of ectoines and its genetic control by EnuR

Summary Ectoine and 5‐hydroxyectoine are widely synthesized microbial osmostress protectants. They are also versatile nutrients but their catabolism and the genetic regulation of the corresponding genes are incompletely understood. Using the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS‐3, we investigated the utilization of ectoines and propose a seven steps comprising catabolic route that entails an initial conversion of 5‐hydroxyectoine to ectoine, the opening of the ectoine ring, and the subsequent degradation of this intermediate to l ‐aspartate. The catabolic genes are co‐transcribed with three genes encoding a 5‐hydroxyectoine/ectoine‐specific TRAP transporter. A chromosomal deletion of this entire gene cluster abolishes the utilization of ectoines as carbon and nitrogen sources. The presence of ectoines in the growth medium triggers enhanced expression of the importer and catabolic operon, a process dependent on a substrate‐inducible promoter that precedes this gene cluster. EnuR, a member of the MocR/GabR‐type transcriptional regulators, controls the activity of this promoter and functions as a repressor. EnuR contains a covalently bound pyridoxal‐5’‐phosphate, and we suggest that this co‐factor is critical for the substrate‐mediated induction of the 5‐hydroxyectoine/ectoine import and catabolic genes. Bioinformatics showed that ectoine consumers are restricted to the Proteobacteria and that EnuR is likely a central regulator for most ectoine/5‐hydroxyectoine catabolic genes.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Demagnetization of Unstable Remanent Magnetization by Application of Pressure

Ferromagnetic minerals with ‘stable’ and ‘unstable’ components of remanent magnetization were subjected to hydrostatic compressions of up to 10 kbar. It was observed that the ‘unstable’ remanence was completely demagnetized by the application of pressure while the ‘stable’ remanence remained almost unchanged. The result indicates the possibility of utilizing high pressures in magnetic cleaning.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Diagnositic values of combined determination of carbohydrate antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen and neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen in the malignant pleural effusion].

The determination of the new tumor marker CA242 in serum and pleural effusion might be useful for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion associated with lung cancer, especially for adenocarcinoma. The combined determination of the four tumor markers can increase the specificity and the sensitivity in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hormone replacement treatment and breast cancer risk: an age-specific analysis.

The relationship between hormone replacement treatment (HRT) and breast cancer risk was considered in age-specific groups of women, combining data from two case-control studies conducted between 1983 and 1994 in six Italian centers. Cases were comprised of 5984 women, below age 75 years, with histologically confirmed breast cancer, and controls were comprised of 5504 women admitted to the hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, nonneoplastic, nonhormone-related diseases. Ever-use of HRT was reported by 6.1% of the cases and 5.5% of the controls, corresponding to a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.4]. A significant trend in risk with duration of use was observed. Separate analysis for women < 55, 55-64, and 65-74 years old at diagnosis showed that the excess risk of breast cancer associated with ever-use of HRT was not observed in the youngest age group (OR, 0.9) and increased with age at diagnosis to 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.5) for women 55-64 years old and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.3) for those 65-74 years old at diagnosis. A significant trend in risk with duration was observed only in the oldest group (65-74 years old), with ORs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.7), respectively, for < 60 and > or = 60 months of use. Thus, this study suggests that the relationship between HRT and breast cancer risk is influenced by age at diagnosis and that any risk-benefit assessment is particularly critical for women using HRT several years after menopause.

Topic: Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
iVizTRANS: Interactive visual learning for home and work place detection from massive public transportation data

Using transport smart card transaction data to understand the homework dynamics of a city for urban planning is emerging as an alternative to traditional surveys which may be conducted every few years are no longer effective and efficient for the rapidly transforming modern cities. As commuters travel patterns are highly diverse, existing rule-based methods are not fully adequate. In this paper, we present iVizTRANS - a tool which combines an interactive visual analytics (VA) component to aid urban planners to analyse complex travel patterns and decipher activity locations for single public transport commuters. It is coupled with a machine learning component that iteratively learns from the planners classifications to train a classifier. The classifier is then applied to the city-wide smart card data to derive the dynamics for all public transport commuters. Our evaluation shows it outperforms the rule-based methods in previous work.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
STUDIES OF RAMAN FREE ELECTRON LASER BY AN OPTICAL KLYSTRON CONFIGURATION

A design of an over-all experiment of Raman free electron laser with an optical klystron configuration is put forward. The gain and efficiency improvement of free electron laser by an optical klystron configuration has been studied by one dimensional single-particle model.

Topic: Laser Design and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic Analysis of a Mutant of<i>Aspergillus Flavus</i>Producing More Aflatoxin B<sub>2</sub>Than B<sub>1</sub>

SUMMARYParasexual crosses involving a mutant of Aspergillus flavus having a high and relatively stable level of aflatoxin B2 relative to aflatoxin B1 have revealed a genetic locus for control of aflatoxin synthesis. Five different diploids, each heterozygous for high aflatoxin B2 levels, accumulated low amounts of B2 but high amounts of B1. Although the haploid segregants from these diploids included a variety of aflatoxin phenotypes, one-half produced more B1 than B1 and one-half produced less B2 than B1. Five different diploids, each homozygous for high aflatoxin B2 levels accumulated high amounts of B2 as did all haploid segregants from these diploids. A single genetic locus is thought to control the higher aflatoxin B2 than B1 accumulation in this mutant.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nanotechnology-Enhanced Face Masks: Future Scopes and Perspectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shown that a disposable surgical face mask is a good protective wall against infection due to its ability to prevent virus transmission from sick to healthy people. Nevertheless, these surgical masks are disposable, not ecofriendly, and are single-use items. The use and disposal of traditional masks lead to high secondary risks such as environmental pollution, pathogen transmission, overload demands, and user discomfort. Nanotechnology is one of the most investigated strategies to safely and economically reuse masks in the 21st century. These strategies are based on four key elements as follows: (1) super mechanical properties that give masks flexibility, durability, and good lifetime storage; (2) high thermal properties that give masks heat self-sterilization; (3) an electric charge controller that gives masks triboelectric (TE) filtration; and (4) response to the antimicrobial effect that stays in the mask before, during, and after safe use. These properties give new-generation masks the ability to remove the drawbacks of traditional surgical masks, such as microbial growth and low filtration efficiency. The graphene family has introduced the self-sterilization and TE effects of surgical masks. Silver nanoparticles have supported antimicrobial effects. Nanofiber membranes are fabricated to have a high surface area that improves the fiber diameter and porosity ratio. A traditional mask could only block a maximum of 50% of the exhaled viruses, but a nanofiber-based mask has been tested to intercept 90% to 99% of particle viruses while breathing during use. Complex nanocomposite materials have succeeded in collecting all these advantages.

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identifying and Addressing Knowledge and Confidence Gaps Regarding the Management of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Via Engaging Continuing Medical Education

Introduction: While there have been recent advances in therapeutic options for the management of patients with sickle cells disease (SCD), hematology providers remain challenged by how to deliver an individualized approach to care, negatively impacting patient outcomes. To address this practice gap and identify drivers that underlie persisting challenges, an interactive continuing medical education (CME) activity was developed and implemented. Methods: Vindico Medical Education provided an interactive web-based CME activity on CME.Healio.com that was available for credit for one year starting August 31, 2022. The activity included opportunities for interaction with the content to encourage engagement, transfer knowledge, improve confidence, and encourage appropriate practice patterns. Impact of education was measured by comparing paired pre- and post-test responses. Results: As of July 2023, 221 hematology/oncology providers, including 116 MDs and advanced practice providers (APPs) and 105 nurses, who each see an average of 4 patients with SCD per month participated in the education. At baseline, scores on questions related to the latest evidence regarding new SCD therapies were low in both professional cohorts - an average 30% for MD/APPs and 16% for nurses. Moreover, 95% of HCPs in both cohorts lacked confidence in their knowledge of these agents and their appropriate use. This lack of knowledge and confidence translated into practice gaps. Specifically, 48% of those involved in treatment decisions indicated in the pre-test that they had never used a newer option for SCD management, and only 17% reported that they always consider the latest evidence when individualizing treatment for patients. On a post-test, however, the MD/APP and nurse cohorts scored an average of 81% and 84%, respectively, indicative of a robust impact of the education on clinician knowledge. Similarly, there was a 41% absolute increase in clinician confidence in understanding the latest evidence. These gains in knowledge and confidence translated into post-education planned practice improvements, with completers 22% more likely to apply this knowledge to clinical decision-making. Conclusion: Hematology/oncology providers lack knowledge and confidence regarding the latest evidence in SCD treatment. While the use of interactive CME led to robust gains in knowledge and confidence, follow-up case-based education is needed to facilitate the application of knowledge to practice while continuing to improve clinician confidence.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biologically-inspired auditory artificial intelligence for speech recognition in multi-talker environments

The research was funded by an NSERC Canada Discovery Grant, a Government of Alberta Centre for Autonomous Systems in Strengthening Future Communities grant, a MITACS Globalink Award, a NSERC CGS-M Award, and a AITF Graduate Student Scholarship.

Topic: Music and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium

Description From its inaugural meeting in Philadelphia in 1968, the ASTM Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry has been the premiere vehicle for discussion and documentation of the scientific and technological bases for the utilization of zirconium-based alloys in water-cooled reactors. The eleventh conference in this symposium series, held in September 1995 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, continued this tradition of excellence. Attendees to this conference numbered 209, representing 16 countries. After careful peer review and editing, forty-one technical papers presented at this conference are published in this book. The highlights of the oral discussions have also been captured and appear at the end of each paper. This publication also includes two papers that are significant contributions to zirconium technology which served as the basis for the authors receiving the W. J. Kroll awards for 1993 and 1994. In Garmisch-Partenkirchen the awards for these years were presented to J. A. L. Robertson and to the team comprised of Friedrich Garzarolli, Heinz Stehle, and Eckard Steinberg, respectively. These Kroll Award papers represent historical as well as technical significance for the use of zirconium alloys in the nuclear industry.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrated Control of Alternaria Blotch in Apple Orchards

ABSTRACT An investigation of Alternaria blotch in apple orchards was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides, plant extracts and bioagents against Alternaria mali through the development of integrated disease management strategies. Under pot conditions, potential combinations of fungicides, plant extracts and biocontrol agents for mitigating the disease were evaluated. Furthermore, polyhouse studies showed that bioagents such as Trichoderma viride , Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens have disease control potential. Moreover, this research explored the impact of fungicides on the production of primary inoculum, highlighting the potential to impede conidial production by the pathogen. Over two cropping seasons, field assessments indicated the efficiency of integrated approaches in managing Alternaria blotch of apples. This study highlights the importance of reducing chemical inputs while ensuring successful disease management, offering important insights into a more sustainable approach to the management of diseases in apple orchards.

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
THE REPRESENTATION OF SUBCONCEPT THE BRITISH IN THE RUSSIAN BÉLLES-LÉTTRES

The purpose of this article is to analyze the lexical means of verbalization of the subconcept “THE BRITISH” in the Russian belles-lettres. The problem of national identity is closely related to the problem of national stereotype. The stereotype, including the national one, is closely related to the linguistic factor and has a discursive nature. According to S. Filyushkina, the national stereotype also creates its own special, verbalized reality, reflecting the nation’s ideas about itself or about another, very biased as a rule. These ideas have a collective character and are inherited by the individual due to education, the influence of the environment and public opinion. From the standpoint of the textual approach, the analysis of the linguistic embodiment of the kernel and the near periphery of the modern Russian literature of various periods (over 1000 samples). Verbalization of the image of the British in the artistic picture of the world is carried out using such frames as character, appearance, clothing, behavior. The appearance of the British is often assessed negatively. In terms of character, behavior and clothing, the British are divided into gentlemen and non-gentlemen. The former receive either a positive or an ironic assessment, the latter – more often negative, sometimes ironic. The good manners of the English are highlighted, especially in the process of their meal. English speech and pronunciation are also important from the point of view of authors.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences