jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Creating a hydrosocial territory: water and agriculture in the Liwa Oasis

This article presents the Liwa Oasis as a hydrosocial territory. It is defined by its natural resource, social, economic, and political context and we show how these manifest in policy and practice. The article identifies these components through analysis of the political economy of water management and agricultural production systems. Two distinct hydrosocial periods are defined: from independence in 1971 to the formation of agencies with water sustainability remits in 2006, and then from 2010 to the present, when subsidy regimes incentivized changes to cropping in existing agricultural production systems. The changes between these periods reflect alterations in the hydrosocial cycle stemming from natural resource degradation and from how agricultural policy responded to it, while still meeting social stability and food security objectives. In Liwa, water management and agricultural production regimes reflect the distributive nature of the state, in that agricultural subsidies and payments are a significant source of supplementary income for UAE citizens. The current hydrosocial cycle leads to major groundwater resource degradation, which is beginning to pose a major challenge. This disruption is at the heart of the hydrosocial dialectic playing out now in Liwa: resource degradation and depletion will ultimately require new patterns of resource utilization. Arriving at new practices will require new laws, policies and modes of governance, which will alter the political, social, and economic context.

Topic: Water Governance and Infrastructure
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cyber-Physical Systems for Next-Generation Networks

"This book explores the notion of cyber-physical systems is to use recent computing, communication, and control methods to design and operate intelligent and autonomous systems using cutting edge technologies. It provides a comprehensive reference for recent and up-to-date technologies in communications, control, and networking issues in cyber-physical systems"...

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Paving a Way towards Food Democratisation: Mechanisms in Contentious Niche Development

Transition scholars have argued that the analysis of the agency of local civil society actors in their political struggle to transform the food system is necessary. In response, we complement the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions with the mechanism-process approach of contentious politics. This framework guides our qualitative analysis of a local movement called “The Way of Mals” in South Tyrol, Italy. This movement aimed to ban pesticides by developing a niche of food democratisation. We investigate how the local movement strategically mobilised citizens to get actively engaged in the local governance of food. We argue that the creation of political opportunities by the movement was crucial for their claim making. Amongst others, they introduced a legally binding local referendum on the ban on chemical–synthetic pesticides. We call this mechanism “paving”. In combination with meaning-making and networking, paving has led to the democratisation of local food governance. We conclude that the agency of local movements is especially reflected in their capacity to readjust in response to suppression efforts of their opponents in the well-established conventional regime. We suggest comparisons with similar cases for future research.

Topic: Organic Food and Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Neurocognitive dysfunction in cancer patients.

Many cancer patients experience impairments of neurocognitive function, including memory loss, distractibility, difficulty in performing multiple tasks (multitasking), and a myriad of other symptoms. Patients may also concurrently suffer from mood disturbance and symptoms that compromise their ability to function adequately, including fatigue and pain. The etiologies of these problems are diverse and include the direct effects of cancer within the central nervous system (CNS), indirect effects of certain cancers (e.g., paraneoplastic brain disorders), and both diffuse and highly specific effects of cancer treatments on the brain. In addition to these cancer-related causes, patients may have coexisting neurologic or psychiatric disorders that affect their cognition and mood. Careful assessment of patients complaining of neurocognitive or behavioral problems is essential to providing appropriate interventions and maximizing their ability to carry out usual activities.

Topic: Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using Data from the Cambridge Structural Database to Practice Crystallographic Skills and Revise Erroneous Structures

Using the Cambridge Structural Database along with the analysis and visualization programs provided by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, we identified three organic small molecules with good diffraction data but poorly refined (R1 > 40%) structures. These structures were used as teaching examples in an introductory chemical crystallography course for an activity in which students were asked to identify the errors in the original structure solution or refinement processes. The structures were redetermined, yielding R1 values between 4.04 and 7.04%. In two cases, two chemically equivalent but crystallographically distinct molecules were found in the asymmetric unit, only one of which had been refined in each of the originally published CIFs. In the third case, a false solution found by SHELXS direct methods was corrected and the structure was refined as a hydrated tautomer of what had been originally reported. The identification of this tautomer was supported by theoretical calculations.

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Marihuana, Ethanol, and Dextroamphetamine

MARIHUANA, ethanol, and dextroamphetamine are three widely used social drugs with somewhat different actions. Marihuana is a sedative somewhat like ethanol, but also has perceptual effects resembling those of hallucinogens. Ethanol is primarily a sedative, while dextroamphetamine is a stimulant. As it has been seldom possible to compare these three drugs in the same subjects, using quantified doses, we measured their effects on mood and selected mental functions. <h3>Methods</h3> Twelve normal young volunteers were chosen primarily on the basis of their being in good physical and emotional health and intelligent and cooperative enough to carry out the required procedures. All but one were men. Although most subjects had had prior experience with small doses of marihuana and amphetamines, and all with alcoholic beverages, none were chronic or recent users of any of these drugs, except for mild use of beverage alcohol. Subjects were told that these three drugs were to

Topic: Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Patterns of blood pressure changes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemo‐radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer centre

Abstract Background To evaluate patterns of blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation (RT)/chemo‐radiation (CRT) Methods This study included data collection, compilation, and analysis of 451 consecutive HNC patients who underwent RT/CRT. Results Out of 451 patients, 376 (82%) were male and 75 (18%) were female with a median age of 52 years. Patients receiving 3DCRT experienced greater fall in BP, including for SBP and MAP, compared to those receiving IMRT‐IGRT. Female patients experienced greater fall in diastolic BP as compared to male patients (p: 0.03). At the end of treatment, we observed a significant association between a fall in systolic BP (decrease by 10% of baseline) and weight loss of more than 10% of baseline weight (p: 0.03). Conclusion Fall in BP during RT/CRT is significantly affected by treatment technique and sex and is strongly associated with significant weight loss.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cost of Urban Runoff Quality Controls

This paper attempts to provide guidance in the evaluation, selection and planning of various BMPs by comparing their costs and cost-effectiveness, in terms of pollutant removal capabilities. Using available BMP cost estimates, regression relationships between construction costs and storage volume are developed for a variety of BMP types, and shown to provide a reasonable means for predicting BMP construction costs. Routine and non-routine maintenance needs and associated costs for typical BMPs are explored. Estimates of the initial and project life costs of urban BMPs are made based upon relationships identified between design storage, construction costs and estimated maintenance requirements. These estimates are utilized to compare the cost effectiveness in nutrient removal of different types and sizes of BMP facilities. Additional aspects of the study are discussed in the paper.

Topic: Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

This research aims to analyze the development of profitability, productivity, and output growth as well as to analyze the development of the competitiveness of the beef cattle bussiness in Mempawah Regency. This research took placed in 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah. The method used was the descriptive method using the panel data from 2008-2013. The data were processed using the method of ICI (Industrial Competitive Index) by finding out the indicator which included the index of profitability, productivity and output growth. The results of the analysis showed that the growth rate of the profitability index was 15.07%, the productivity index 12.67% and output growth index -4.74%. Based on the result of the analysis, the growth rate of the industry competitive index (ICI) for 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah Regency overall had a positive value. This indicated that the 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah Regency had the capability of competitiveness. The growth rate of the industrial competitive index for Mempawah Regency was 9.12%.

Topic: Livestock Farming and Management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring the Effectiveness of Open‐Source Donation Platform: An Empirical Study on Opencollective

ABSTRACT In recent years, with the development of the open‐source community, various open‐source donation platforms have emerged. These platforms effectively alleviate the financial pressures faced by open‐source projects through diversified funding sources and flexible donation methods. As one of the most representative open‐source donation platforms, Opencollective has garnered widespread attention from both the open‐source community and academia. Although Opencollective claims to provide more funding opportunities for open‐source projects, the extent to which it effectively addresses the financial challenges faced by these projects remains unclear. While there have been studies on the effectiveness of traditional donation models, research on the effectiveness of emerging donation platforms such as Opencollective is still limited. Given that a large number of open‐source projects are urgently seeking donations, understanding the effectiveness of donations through Opencollective is crucial for these projects. To address this gap, we have made an early step in this direction. This paper conducts a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of donations through the Opencollective, employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis and identifies the following key findings: (1) Opencollective attracts a diverse group of participants, including individual donors, sponsors, contributors, and project managers, with individual donors constituting the largest group. Most donations are concentrated in the range of $5 to $10, indicating that the platform largely relies on small but frequent donations from individuals. (2) Only about 26.61% of open‐source projects receive donations through Opencollective, with approximately 64.38% of these projects receiving a total donation amount of less than $50,000. The likelihood of receiving donations increases with project scale, maturity and the number of stars. Among projects that have received donations, larger projects with stronger social media promotion, greater attention and more issues are more likely to receive additional donations. (3) The positive impact of donations on project development and spend activities is significant only in the short term, with no notable long‐term effects. In contrast, donations do not have a significant short‐term impact on community engagement. Although the long‐term effect is slightly positive, it is not statistically significant. (4) The main shortcomings of Opencollective include insufficient project management and collaboration features, inadequate user experience and interface design, high transaction fees, and a lack of transparency in fund allocation and usage. Our findings provide significant theoretical support and practical recommendations for the effectiveness of emerging donation platforms and the sustainable development of open‐source projects.

Topic: FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Human electroencephalogram induces transient coherence in a spatially extended chaotic model

A time series from a human electroencephalogram (EEG) is used as a local perturbation to a chemical reaction-diffusion model exhibiting spatio-temporal chaos. For certain finite ranges of amplitude and frequency it is observed that the strongly irregular EEG perturbations can induce transient coherence in the chaotic system. This could be interpreted as "on-line" detection of an inherently correlated pattern embedded in the EEG.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Item Arrangement as a Strategy for Enhancing Quality in Assessment in Science Education

ABSTRACTPerformance in a series of real-life tasks tends to be maximized if such tasks are presented in some order from the least- to the most-demanding given the ability being tasked. Such arrangement enhances ease and objectivity at estimating the amount of ability expended to overcome a task, as well as the minimum level of ability demanded by each task before it could be overcomed without much extraneous influence from anxiety, demotivation, and waste of precious time by the person undertaking the task. In testing, it also makes it less difficult to determine the probability that an answer to a test item is guessed or copied during examination, or results from carelessness during examinee-by-item interaction.To test three hypotheses related to these views, performance and item data generated by administering 3 forms of a validated chemistry test, each with different item arrangements, to 461 randomly sampled senior secondary three (SS3) students from Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria were analysed using repe...

Topic: Student Assessment and Feedback
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Relationship of Maternal Employment to Adolescent Roles, Activities, and Parental Relationships

Questionnaires about activities and parental relationships were administered to metropolitan secondary school adolescents. The evidence from 229 of these questionnaires suggests that adolescents have only slightly more responsibility for household chores when the mother is employed, and that their degree of participation in social activities does not differ consistently from respondents whose mothers are not employed. Reports of parent-child disagreement over a wide range of issues are more common when the mother is employed, but perceptions of parental interest, help with school and personal problems, and degree of closeness to parents are similar to those of children whose mothers are not employed outside the home. The importance of investigating the relationship between maternal employment and the roles, activities, and attitudes of adolescent children is manifest in light of the increasing numbers of women moving into paid employment. A useful perspective for deriving hypotheses about these relationships is to view the nuclear family as an open social system consisting of the four structurally related positions of husband-father, wife-mother, sonbrother, and daughter-sister. The economy's increasing need for workers in white-collar and service-producing sectors, the development of mechanical household appliances, smaller families, better health, and rising material standards of living may effect a redefinition of household responsibility for family members because these factors tend to draw women away from the home into paid employment. The amount of work done by teenage sons and daughters may

Topic: Work-Family Balance Challenges
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pelvic Control Of Professional Baseball Pitchers And Its Correlation To Pitching Performance

PURPOSE: The necessity for adequate trunk stability to perform and enhance various activities has been well documented. The purpose of this study was to apply validated testing procedures used to monitor pelvic control to professional baseball pitchers to establish pelvic control norms for this population and to determine if pitching performance levels by the team could be predicted by this measure. METHODS: 24 healthy baseball pitchers (18-26 years of age) performed a standing pelvic control test during the last week of spring training to determine level of pelvic control after providing IRB-approved informed consent. The subjects were tested using a previously validated apparatus, the "Level Belt". With the Level Belt secured to the waist, subjects attempted to transition from a two-leg to a single-leg pitching stance and balance while maintaining a stable pelvic position. Subjects were graded on the ability to perform the maneuver while maintaining pelvic position within the smallest range of anterior-posterior tilt (0 to 10 degrees). Pitching performance, injuries, and number of innings pitched were tracked during the 2008 baseball season for all subjects. The median Level Belt score for the study group was 7°. A two sample t test with equal variances was used to determine if pitchers with a Level Belt score < 7° or ≥ 7° were more likely to perform differently during the baseball season, using walks + hits per inning pitched (WHIP) and opposing players' batting average (BA) for each pitcher. RESULTS: Subjects scoring < 7° on the Level Belt test had a significantly better BA than subjects scoring ≥ 7° (0.244 vs. 0.290, p=0.021), as well as a trend towards better WHIP (1.379 vs. 1.612, p=0.106). There was no statistical difference with respect to injuries during the season or number of innings pitched between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pelvic control influences overall performance for baseball pitchers, and that a simple test of pelvic control can potentially identify individuals who have a better chance of pitching success. Supported by OSU Sports Medicine Intramural Grant Program.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Virus‐vector relationships of chickpea chlorotic dwarf geminivirus and the leafhopper Orosius orientalis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Summary Chickpea chlorotic dwarf geminivirus (CCDV) is one of the viruses associated with chickpea stunt disease. It is transmitted by the leafhopper Orosius orientalis. The minimum acquisition access period (AAPmin) and inoculation access period (IAPmin) were found to be less than 2 min, while the minimum latency period (LPmin) was less than 2 h. The median AAP, IAP and LP were 8.0 h, 2.3 h and 27.7 h, respectively. No difference in transmission rates (proportion of leafhoppers able to transmit) was observed between male and female leafhop‐pers. In serial transmission experiments, transmission was shown to be persistent, and after a 2‐day AAP about 80% of the leafhoppers transmitted the virus for most of their life. The virus could be detected in individual leafhoppers by DAS‐ELISA. It did not multiply in the leafhopper, but, instead, decreased in concentration during leafhopper feeding on a non‐host of the virus.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Sensor Overlay Network Providing Middleware Services on Wireless Sensor Networks

센서 네트워크 미들웨어는 센서 하드웨어와의 연관을 최소화하고, 어플리케이션 개발을 용이하게 하며, 추상적인 데이터 접근 방법을 제공 하기 위한 연구들로 많은 연구자들에게 관심을 받고 있다. 그러나 기존의 미들웨어는 실행코드를 해석하기 위한 해석기가 모든 노드에 설치되어야 하며, 이는 추가적인 컴퓨팅 및 통신 오버헤드를 야기하였다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 게이트웨이에서 센서 오버레이 네트워크를 이용하여 운용되는 TinyONet-Lite를 제안하였다. TinyONet-Lite에서 가상 센서는 물리적 센서의 가상 대응체로 동작하고, 동적으로 연합하여 오버레이 네트워크인 슬라이스(Slice)를 만들어 미들웨어 서비스를 제공한다. 플랫폼의 효율을 보여주기 위해서 이 논문은 TinyOS를 가진 하드웨어 모트(mote)위에 TinyONet-Lite를 구현했고, 여러 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 의하면, 기존의 연구와 비교했을 때 TinyONet-Lite는 확장성, 동적서비스 구성이 우수하며, 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있었다. A research for middleware of WSN can provide sensor applications with avoiding tight coupling of hardware, ease of development, and abstract data access. However, previous works have some limitations which should install their own middleware onto the all sensor nodes resulting in computational and communication overhead. In order to address it, we proposed a virtual sensor overlay network, called TinyONet-Lite which introduced virtual sensors to model a virtual counterpart of physical sensors. These virtual sensors dynamically grouped into an overlay network, Slice, which provides middleware services. We implemented TinyONet-Lite on mote class hardware with TinyOS. In accordance with experiments and comparison with existing researches, TinyONet-Lite was proved to show advantages of extensibility, dynamic service composition and reducing overhead.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences