jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Upgrading Value Chains through Farm Advisory

The article discusses the benefits of an integrated farm advisory program on sheep farms, focusing on improving their economic performance. The program involves a team of experts providing advice on animal nutrition and farm management, and conducting a thorough techno-economic analysis before and after recommendations. The economic impact is assessed using a partial budget tool. Results show increased yields, decreased production costs, and increased gross value added. The program requires a cohesive group of experts, trusting relationships between farmers and consultants, and funding. Implementing this program on a large scale can upgrade the relevant value chain.

Topic: Agricultural Innovations and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Recent Trend in Rise of Caesarean Section in Multigravida and Primigravida

There is a trend towards an rise in the rate of the Caesarian section globally. With enhanced safety following the advent of contemporary anaesthesia, blood transfusion equipment and greater antibiotics, the signs for the cesarean section are liberalized to include dystocia, placenta previa, fetal distress, BOH, and others.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
QoS filtering in integrated wired/wireless networks using genetic algorithms

This paper presents a QoS filtering algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GA). The algorithm is used in integrated wired/wireless networks in order to improve the delivery of multimedia services. The proposed filters are located in every node of the network and are used to control adaptively the media content (i.e., video, voice, data, and image streams) downloaded from a media server to mobile users. The filtering algorithm performs a multi-objective optimization function that tries to meet the QoS requirements of different types of users (e.g. premium, or economy) by tuning the amount (as well as type) of the content to be delivered such that congestion is avoided. This action is performed by scaling the coding rate of each media type and performing, if necessary, a transcoding of some media, actually, downloaded. The filtering strategy provides a framework for an enhanced intelligent services platform by continuously adapting the contents of the services to the network time-varying conditions. This assures that critical QoS measuring parameters such as end-to-end maximum delay tolerance is always respected. Simulation results show that the optimization algorithm has significantly increased the number of admitted users while maintaining the users' QoS requirements within acceptable levels.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Personal, Social and Moral Education and Religious Education: The Need for Conceptual Clarity

In this article the author contends that logically prior to deciding how religious education might contribute to personal, social and moral education is the question of what is to be understood by the term ‘personal, social and moral education’. The author tries to shed light on this question by indicating with reference to recent literature the wide variety of enterprises and activities to which this term might be applied and he then suggests a set of criteria for rationally discriminating among these and arriving at a satisfactory conception of personal, social and moral education on the basis of which the religious educationist might proceed.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis with Scleritis and Optic Disc Involvement: a Case Report and Literature Review

This report describes a case of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) with scleritis and optic disc involvement. The patient was a 56-year-old woman with chief complaints of fever, headache, binocular pain, and redness. Biochemical and immunological indicators, cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and relevant ophthalmological examinations were employed for evaluation. Infectious and neoplastic causes were excluded. Typical meningeal thickening and enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging revealed IHCP. Diffuse hyperaemia and oedema of the conjunctiva and the T-shape sign on the B-scan suggested anterior and posterior scleritis, respectively. Abnormalities in fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and visual field examination suggested optic disc involvement. After anti-infection and steroid therapy, the patient's temperature returned to normal and the symptoms of headache, binocular pain, and redness improved. Neurologists and ophthalmologists should consider the combination of IHCP with scleritis in their differential diagnosis when patients complain of headache accompanied by ocular pain and redness.

Topic: IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Adenovirus Improves the Efficacy of Adoptive T-cell Therapy by Recruiting Immune Cells to and Promoting Their Activity at the Tumor

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2: Treatment schedule and phenotypic characterization of OT-I splenocytes before and after CD8a+ enrichment.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lobbying and emergency management in the United States: Issues, priorities and implications

Abstract Recent scholarship has explored the impact of interest groups on policy in the United States. However, little remains known about lobbying efforts and their effects in emergency management. Through analysis of a large data set of declared political activities from 1999 to 2020, we describe lobbying efforts in disaster planning and emergencies. Our findings suggest that lobbying efforts and expenditure are positively associated with appropriations (but not disaster incidence or severity), that corporations and trade associations are the organizations most involved in lobbying and that many of these efforts appear to be aimed at impacting legislation and the procurement of public funds for recovery efforts. We also find that only a minuscule number of lobbying efforts are related to socially vulnerable populations or social equity concerns. Collectively, these insights raise important questions about this process, demonstrating the need for further research to better understand lobbying and emergency management in the United States across all phases of the disaster life cycle.

Topic: Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Learning via queries

Query learning is one of the most important active learning models that have been studied in the literature. In this thesis, we study two types of queries, namely, edge-detecting queries and value-injecting queries, both of which are motivated by biological applications. 
Motivated by PCR experiments used in a genome sequencing problem, edge-detecting queries allow the learner to query whether a set of vertices induces an edge or not. We present algorithms that learn general graphs and uniform hypergraphs with queries linear in the number of edges. The algorithms are optimal in terms of their dependence on the number of edges. In both problems, we present algorithms in which queries can be made in a small number of rounds. We also give matching upper and lower bounds for the problem of learning almost uniform hypergraphs. 
Value-injection queries are motivated by experiments that use selective gene disruption and expression to identify gene regulatory networks. We propose a new model of exact learning of acyclic circuits with value-injection queries. We prove lower bounds and show that a large class of circuits including NC1 and AC0 are learnable in the new model.

Topic: Machine Learning and Algorithms
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Aftermaths Of Defeat: The Fallen, The Catastrophe, And The Public Response Of Women To The End Of The First World War In Bulgaria

This chapter focuses on the Italian women's movement after World War I with particular reference to the experience of the Milanese feminists, who were the leading group in Italy at that time. It seeks to uncover the contradictory links between nationalism, interventionism and feminism during the immediate post-war period by looking at the struggle for women's rights conducted in the pages of the journal Voce Nuova (New Voice). The Italian feminists' involvement in the war effort was more a strategy to achieve recognition of female citizenship than a capitulation to the pressures of patriots or warmongers. All of the main women's organisations based in Milan supported the radical suffragist project of Voce Nuova . Ancona had in fact always held a coherent position on the liberal wing of suffragism, and rejected all forms of nationalism and racism. Keywords:feminism; interventionism; Italian women movement; Milanese feminists; nationalism; Voce Nuova ; World War I

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
von Willebrand factor in juvenile dermatomyositis.

An elevated vWF level is often indicative of a disease exacerbation in DM, and thus may be helpful in managing difficult cases. However, it is not consistently elevated in, nor specific for active disease in DM. It therefore cannot be recommended as a routine test in patients with DM. When used, results should be interpreted with caution.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feasibility Study on the Acquisition of Automotive Radar Data of Urban Traffic Scenarios in Bangkok

This paper summarizes the planned acquisition of radar data of dense urban traffic scenarios seen in one of the metropolitan cities in Asia: Bangkok, Thailand. Thailand, among other ASEAN states, holds the highest share of the number of fatal accidents involving motorbikes; a two wheeled motorcycle with the largest ridership in Thailand. With an aim to developing a low cost radar sensor to enhance safer driving, a commercially available automotive radar evaluation module is used. Experimental measurements are conducted to validate the operability of this module with the scenarios of interest. The real measurements are conducted for selected scenarios that are vulnerable to fatal accidents in Bangkok. The data are later used to study towards developing intelligent safety systems based on radar capable of operating in all visual and weather conditions.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transportation Ergonomics for Self-Driving Automated Vehicles: Out-dated or Necessary?

While automated vehicles are emerging around the world, many people are unsure what role, if any, ergonomics will play in this new technology. Will ergonomics still be necessary for automated vehicles? This article attempts to answer this question by reviewing key information on two aspects. First, the key elements of ergonomics in human-driven vehicles, including vehicle ergonomics, warehouse ergonomics, training and education, and research and profession, are described. Second, the characteristics of automated vehicles on highways and off highways (e.g. mining and agriculture) are discussed. These two aspects provide the insight needed to determine whether ergonomics are still necessary for automated vehicles and to determine the level of ergonomic requirements. The reader may be surprised to know that self-driving automated vehicles must have drivers, although some special-purpose automated vehicles will be driverless. The results indicate that self-driving automated vehicles have the same ergonomic requirements as human-driven vehicles and that their automated features warrant even more ergonomic research. The results also indicate that ergonomic applications are needed for emerging automated warehouses and off-highway automated vehicles.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Toxicity of Three Gold Compounds in Laboratory Animals

Compounds of gold have been used in the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis for several decades, and their effectiveness is generally accepted. The compounds currently used (Myochrysine@ and Solganal? are poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and consequently are administered by deep intramuscular injection. The toxic effects of these two drugs in laboratory animals are not well known; there are no published reports of studies by currently accepted procedures. The series of papers which follow is intended to provide a profile of the toxicology of gold-containing compounds used in the treatment of arthritis. They are based on our studies of 2 gold-containing compounds that are effective after oral administration in the suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats,'. and on Myochrysine, which is given parenterally. Throughout the reports in this series of papers the doses are given as amount of compound, followed by the gold content in parentheses. Comparisons between doses of the three compounds dealt with are not appropriate. This is obviously so where the routes of administration and frequency of dosing differ. However, it also applies to the two orally administered compounds, because of differing percentages of absorption, excretion and tissue distribution; there may be other, unknown differences as well. Only qualitative comparisons are appropriate. For both the oral and injectable gold compounds ionic gold, Ag, is being administered and not molecular gold, Ag2. The effects of molecular gold (e.g., as used in dental restorations) are not considered herein. Comprehensive monitoring of many parameters, typical of toxicity studies of pharmaceutical agents, was done. To have included the raw data or comment on parameters that were not significantly altered would have obscured the major features of the toxicologic profiles which emerged from the studies. Some small changes of minor interest are mentioned only once, although they occurred in subsequent similar studies. Furthermore, some entire studies are not reported at all since no significant compound-related effect occurred. Despite the omission herein of the many details submitted in the dossiers to governments, considerable repetition of findings from

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Surface cleaning of cemented orthopedic implants with conservation of surface properties].

Prior to the analysis of explanted cemented orthopedic implants, complete removal of foreign material, blood and residual tissue and thorough cleaning of the surface without compromising its characteristics is essential. We describe a reprocessing procedure comprising the following 4 steps: 1) retrieval and storage, 2) removal of residual bone cement, 3) chemical cleaning in an enzymatic solution, and 4) mechanical cleaning in an ultrasound bath.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Repetitive nerve stimulation and single‐fiber electromyography in the evaluation of patients with suspected myasthenia gravis or Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Review of recent literature

ABSTRACT Introduction : Our aim in this study was to provide an updated literature review of electrodiagnostic testing in myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Methods : A systematic review of the recent literature was performed using the following key words: myasthenia gravis (MG); Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS); electromyography (EMG); repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS); single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG); nerve conduction study; and normative values. Results : Several articles supported testing of facial, bulbar, and respiratory muscles in the diagnosis of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders, including muscle‐specific kinase antibody (MuSK)‐seropositive MG. Several articles supported use of concentric needle EMG as an alternative to SFEMG jitter in disorders of neuromuscular transmission. A limited number of articles addressed measurement of area (vs. amplitude) decrement in RNS and decreasing the threshold of post‐exercise facilitation. Conclusions : Electrodiagnostic testing continues to be useful for diagnosis of MG and LEMS, although the quality of the evidence is not great. This literature review summarizes RNS and jitter measurement of facial and respiratory muscles and use of concentric needle EMG for SFEMG. Muscle Nerve 52:455–462, 2015

Topic: Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hypoglycemic Seizures in Juvenile Rats: Acute Mortality is Associated with Severe Seizures in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a limiting factor for managing diabetes mellitus and can have severe outcomes such as seizures and coma. Although several studies have investigated the central nervous system consequences of hypoglycemia, the effects of seizures, as well as possible treatment strategies, have yet to be elucidated in juvenile animals. The objective of this thesis was to establish an in vivo model of severe hypoglycemia and seizures in juvenile diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In both groups there existed a similar blood glucose threshold for seizures, and mortality only occurred following severe seizures, particularly with repeated seizures that were unresponsive to treatment. While the administration of anticonvulsants temporarily mitigated seizures, glucose administration was required to prevent mortality. Abnormalities in the hippocampal and brainstem electroencephalograms (EEG) were observed in hypoglycemic animals without a clear correlate to convulsive activity.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Theory of Mind in Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review of 20 Years of Research

Background: People with Huntington’s disease (HD) exhibit neurocognitive alterations throughout the disease, including deficits in social cognitive processes such as Theory of Mind (ToM). Objective: The aim is to identify methodologies and ToM instruments employed in HD, alongside relevant findings, within the scientific literature of the past two decades. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant papers in the SCOPUS, PubMed, APA-PsyArticles, Web of Science, Redalyc, and SciELO databases. In the selection process, we specifically focused on studies that included individuals with a confirmed genetic status of HD and investigated ToM functioning in patients with and without motor symptoms. The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol. Results: A total of 27 papers were selected for this systematic review, covering the period from 2003 to 2023. The findings consistently indicate that ToM is globally affected in patients with manifest motor symptoms. In individuals without motor symptoms, impairments are focused on the affective dimensions of ToM. Conclusions: Based on our analysis, affective ToM could be considered a potential biomarker for HD. Therefore, it is recommended that ToM assessment be included as part of neuropsychological evaluation protocols in clinical settings. Suchinclusion could aid in the identification of early stages of the disease and provide new opportunities for treatment, particularly with emerging drugs like antisense oligomers. The Prospero registration number for this review is CRD42020209769.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy: reaction in the liver bed].

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, size and localisation of adhesion formation following open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to determine immune and foreign body reactions in the liver bed. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: open (OC) versus laparoscopic (LC) cholecystectomy. In the 14th postoperative day the animals were reoperated, types and size of adhesion were measured and tissue samples were extracted from the liver bed for histology. Dense, curtain-like adhesions were formed in OC group. The adhesions developed not only in the operation area but also on other organs. The thread used to ligate the cystic duct and cystic artery caused foreign body reaction, which resulted in granuloma formation. Numerous macrophages, histiocyte giant cell reactions were also present in OC group. Considerable fibrosis was also observed in the majority of the animals. Slender adhesion formation formed after LC. It was mostly detected in the liver bed. Foreign body granulomas around the laparoscopic clips did not develop in the cases. Moderate inflammatory reactions were noticeable. Laparoscopic operative technique is less traumatic. Its advantage over the open technique is lower adhesion rate and better immune function and reaction. This operation technique is less immunosuppressive and development of adhesions is less compared to OC.

Topic: Biliary and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genome-wide analysis of TNF-alpha response in pigs challenged with porcine circovirus 2b

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a role in activating adaptive immunity to viral infections. By inhibiting the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce interferon-α and TNF-α, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) limits the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells and impairs their ability to recognize viral and bacterial antigens. Previously, we reported QTL for viremia and immune response in PCV2-infected pigs. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic and genetic relationships between TNF-α protein levels, a potential indicator of predisposition to PCV2 co-infection, and PCV2 susceptibility. Following experimental challenge with PCV2b, TNF-α reached the peak at 21 days post-infection (dpi), at which time a difference was observed between pigs that expressed extreme variation in viremia and growth (P < 0.10). A genome-wide association study (n = 297) revealed that genotypes of 56,433 SNPs explained 73.9% of the variation in TNF-α at 21 dpi. Major SNPs were identified on SSC8, SSC10 and SSC14. Haplotypes based on SNPs from a SSC8 (9 Mb) 1-Mb window were associated with variation in TNF-α (P < 0.02), IgG (P = 0.05) and IgM (P < 0.13) levels at 21 dpi. Potential overlap of regulatory mechanisms was supported by the correlations between genomic prediction values of TNF-α and PCV2 antibodies (21 dpi, r > 0.22), viremia (14-21 dpi, P > 0.29) and viral load (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001). Characterization of the QTL regions uncovered genes that could influence variation in TNF-α levels as well as T- and B-cell development, which can affect disease susceptibility.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences