jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fixed performance oxygen masks

Summary Four recently introduced low‐capacity fixed performance oxygen therapy masks have been compared with the established Ventimask design. Under conditions of varying peak inspiratory flow rate the low‐capacity devices all permit a variable amount of air admixture with a consequent fall in the inspired oxygen concentration. It is concluded that low‐capacity venturi masks are not true fixed performance devices under all circumstances. The Ventimasks satisfy their specifications under all test conditions. A case is made for more rigorous assessment of new so‐called ‘fixed performance’ oxygen therapy devices before marketing is permitted.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mexican film festivals and industry development : Guanajuato, Guadalajara, and Morelia, and the reemergence of a national film industry

The Mexican film industry has experienced substantial ups and downs in terms of how many films national filmmakers have produced annually, as well as whether or not these films have reached audiences at home or abroad. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, production and exhibition numbers were at some of the lowest levels the nation had ever known. By 2014, national production was not only recovering but reaching levels on par with the Mexican Golden Age of cinema of the 1950s. In the context of other factors, this project’s primary inquiry explores the rise of three leading Mexican film festivals and the creation of initiatives, through these festivals, aimed at bolstering national film production in the early 21st century. The festivals are, in order of founding, the Guadalajara International Film Festival (FICG), the Guanajuato International Film Festival (GIFF), and the Morelia International Film Festival (FICM). Stepping outside their traditional role of exhibiting completed films, and following other film industry leaders including Sundance, Cannes, Berlin, and Rotterdam, by 2005, each of these festivals had launched events dedicated to supporting films in development or preproduction. The history and reputation of the film festivals provides the background to an analysis of the role of such events or initiatives and their impact on national film production. The research conducted and analyzed for the project included interviews with festival directors, initiative coordinators, filmmakers, and government representatives, all of whom were invested in a particular outcome for Mexican cinema: increased national production and international coproduction. This project concludes that their efforts were most effective in the area of addressing a particular weakness that the Mexican film industry was suffering from: in the late 1990s, a shortage of trained, professional, producers with the capacity to helm viable film projects meant that few films could be made per year. In coordination with other invested partners, the festivals sought to address this weakness by focusing their initiatives on networking and capacity-building for producers, and early results indicate that FICG, GIFF, FICM have achieved such benchmarks. This project’s inquiries bridge contemporary media industry studies, Mexican film history, and film festival studies, the intersection of which provides for significant contributions to each field and together illustrate the need for more in-depth research and analysis in these areas. For this study, the focus is on how their festival initiatives have shaped the field of film production within the Mexican national cinematic landscape, and represents the first systematic study of this new development not only in Mexican film, but beyond.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of metabolic activity and energy supply of peripheral blood lymphocytes

BACKGROUND: T-cells have the capability to change their metabolism in response to activation signals. Resting T-cells primarily use the oxidation of higher fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria for their energy needs, whereas activated T-cells switch to aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, using glucose, and glutamine as substrates, respectively. AIM: To determine the metabolic activity and energy supply of peripheral blood lymphocytes in predominantly healthy northerners by measuring the intracellular content of HIF-1 (hypoxia-induced factor 1), SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 volunteers, residents of the Arkhangelsk region (23 women and 16 men, 2362 years old), were selected, and examined for this experiment. We established the total number of peripheral blood lymphocytes with CD-typing of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD71+) by indirect immunoperoxidase reactions, the content of HIF-1 and SIRT3 in the lymphocyte lysate employing enzyme immunoassay, the concentration of ATP by luminescent analysis through luciferin-luciferase reaction. Statistical analysis was conducted in "Statistica 10.0", cluster analysis was applied using the k-means method. Mean values (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated, the normal distribution was tested by the KolmogorovSmirnov and Lilliefors criterion. Student's t-test was calculated, and the differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. RESULTS: The study revealed that the metabolic activity of lymphocytes associated with HIF-1 regulation differs significantly in the examined volunteers,, while in the group with a lower total number of lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD71+) there is a predominant glycolytic orientation of metabolism with proliferated cells energy supply. CONCLUSION: Metabolic activity which can be determined by the HIF-1/SIRT3 ratio, and the energy supply of lymphocytes have a substantial impact on their differentiation, proliferation, and functioning.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Western Gender Policies in Afghanistan: Failing Women and Provoking Men

Gender identities and politics have always been entangled with geopolitics in Afghanistan. Since 2001, when North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces ousted the Taliban government, a great deal of research on gender issues and the status of women has been done in Afghanistan. There is, however, a lack of research on how Afghan men themselves view these efforts to promote gender equality and women's rights. Based on my primary research in Kabul around Afghan masculinity, I found that the efforts of the international community to promote gender equality and improve the conditions of women in Afghanistan have not worked. On the contrary, they have provoked even educated Afghan men into taking up more defensive and conservative positions, instead of convincing them that women deserve equal rights. I demonstrate that gender training since October 2001 has been geopolitical, economic, and social, employing Western notions of gender equality to Afghanistan with scant regard for their relevance in an economy of scarce jobs. This cultural insensitivity exhibited by the international community has contributed to the general disdain for gender equality and women's rights among most Afghan men in Kabul.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EMC Filters Attenuation Measuring Method

The aim of this work is to present the attenuation measurement procedure mea- surement and laboratory stand for fllters used to interference suppression in power and telecom- munication lines. The procedure is based on the CISPR 17:2000 standard. The article describes the attenuation measurement system for fllter with impedance difierent then 50›. The article presents the measured attenuation characteristics of set of EMC fllters which are ofiered on the market. The calibration of measurement method is presented too.

Topic: Transportation Systems and Safety
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tissue-location specific transcription programs drive tumor dependencies in colon cancer

Cancers of the same tissue-type but in anatomically distinct locations exhibit different molecular dependencies for tumorigenesis. Proximal and distal colon cancers exemplify such characteristics, with <i>BRAF</i><sup><em>V600E</em></sup> predominantly occurring in proximal colon cancers along with increased DNA methylation phenotype. Using mouse colon organoids, we show that proximal and distal colon stem cells have distinct transcriptional programs that regulate stemness and differentiation. We identify that the homeobox transcription factor, <i>CDX2</i>, which is silenced by DNA methylation in proximal colon cancers, is a key mediator of the differential transcriptional programs.<i> </i>Cdx2-mediated proximal colon-specific transcriptional program concurrently is tumor suppressive, and <i>Cdx2</i> loss sufficiently creates permissive state for <i>BRAF</i><sup><em>V600E</em></sup>-driven transformation. Human proximal colon cancers with <i>CDX2</i> downregulation showed similar transcriptional program as in mouse proximal organoids with <i>Cdx2</i> loss. Developmental transcription factors, such as CDX2, are thus critical in maintaining tissue-location specific transcriptional programs that create tissue-type origin specific dependencies for tumor initiation.

Topic: Digestive system and related health
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Book Review: Transformative approaches to social justice education: Equity and access in the college classroom

While social justice has become an increasing priority in many public institutions in the country, the Difference, Power, and Discrimination program at Oregon State University has been enlightening undergraduates for 30 years. Born out of student advocacy and the faculty that supports them, the program is an established collection of diversity education courses and faculty training seminars. The program has survived budget cuts, critics, and other challenges throughout its 30 years. Transformative Approaches to Social Justice Education describes the methods of the program pragmatically and unflinchingly so readers of the book can apply them to their classrooms.

Topic: Critical Race Theory in Education
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of a College Computer Literacy Course

A college graduate has to be computer literate in order to gain competitive edge in today’s business world since information technology, ranging from the basic word processing software to the complex data base management systems, is used constantly to prepare, present, and exchange information for management decision making. Consequently, it is the responsibility of the education institution to offer a computer literacy class or series of classes for preparing its students with proper computer knowledge in a suitable learning environment before they enter the business world. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss and present some issues of the college computer literacy classes offered by the Management Information Science Department (MIS) of College of Business Administration (CBA) at the California State University, Sacramento. These issues include the objectives of the classes, the contents of the classes, the classroom environment, and the measurement of class objectives.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chemical and meteorological characteristics associated with rapid increases of O<sub>3</sub> in Houston, Texas

We report here on measurements made from the 62nd story of the Williams Tower on the west side of Houston, Texas between 15 August and 15 September 2000. The time series of trace gases differ from those at many other urban sites in having very rapidly increasing spikes of O 3 , HCHO, and PAN. Measurements show that the highest O 3 levels in Houston are not always those measured at the surface, and the extreme values may occur aloft. Plumes with high O 3 appear to be produced largely from local sources and to have the potential to form additional O 3 . The ozone production efficiency (7 molecules of O 3 produced per molecule of NO x consumed) when ΔO 3 /Δt ≥ 20 ppb per 15 min was found to be smaller than estimates made from observations directly downwind of the Ship Channel petrochemical plants (e.g., ∼12). Back trajectories show that simple straight line flow was associated with mean O 3 levels of 56 ppb, in contrast to flow patterns associated with a decrease in wind speed or flow reversal, which were associated with mean values of 63 ppb and extremes in excess of 125ppb. VOC samples taken during periods when ΔO 3 /Δt ≥ 20 ppb per 15 min were elevated and in particular light olefins were more than a factor of 7 greater than the corresponding samples collected on other occasions. No significant increase in isoprene at the Williams Tower was associated with these episodes. When air passed over stack emissions in eastern Houston, rich in VOCs, a Lagrangian model simulated O 3 production rates of ∼50 ppb hr −1 .

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Je suis éveillée : Husserl sur l’attention et l’éveil

I am Awake : Husserl on Wakefulness and Attention. The article presents Husserl’s account of wakefulness and shows that, according to Husserl, only a phenomenology of attention is capable of elucidating what characterizes the state of wakefulness. That is, the article shows, from a Husserlian point of view, that attention introduces a distinction between theme and background in our experience and that this accounts for why we are never fully awake when we are awake (section 1 and 2), how the sleep within wakefulness is different from genuine sleep (section 3), and, finally, in what way the intentionality that occurs when genuinely asleep, such as dreaming, is radically different from any awareness that occurs while awake.

Topic: Philosophical and Theoretical Analysis
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Parasitic mode suppression techniques for shielded Fabry-Perot cavity antennas

Small-size shielded Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity antennas suffer from higher-order parasitic modes. In this paper we investigate and compare three techniques implemented to suppress these modes and thus improve the antenna performance in terms of enlargement of the radiation and impedance bandwidths (BW), reduction of the side lobe level, and improvement of the stability of the radiation patterns versus frequency. It is shown that the optimum configuration is obtained when using a conical penetration inside the FP cavity antenna. In the optimized case, we show that the overall antenna BW (defined as the intersection between the −1 dB radiation BW and the −10 dB reflection coefficient BW) reaches 14.5% with side lobes lower than −15 dB over the entire BW.

Topic: Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cost Per Meal as a Productivity Index in the Elderly Nutrition Program

The federally funded Elderly Nutrition Program (ENP) began in 1972 under Title 7 of the Older Americans A ct, and has grown considerably since then. This article reports the results of a 1988 national study that collected information on cost per meal in relationship to a number of other variables in a random sample of ENPs nationally. Based on this data, reservations are advanced about using cost per meal as a productivity index in ENPs, as suggested by the federal government.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Over the Borderline? Rethinking Territoriality at the Margins of Empire and Nation in the Modern Middle East (Part II)

Abstract This is the second of two connected articles examining the evolution of historical scholarship on borderlands within the field of Middle East studies. In both articles, I pay particular attention to how historians have addressed the relationship between borderland identities and modern territorializing empires and nation‐states. I argue throughout both parts that analyzing what I call the “lived experience of territoriality” in borderland regions ought to take precedence over approaches that presume the ultimate imposition of fixed nation‐state boundaries by the mid‐twentieth century. The adoption of borderlands as an analytical category along these lines presents an exciting opportunity for future research in modern Middle Eastern history precisely for its malleability. Historians who take a conceptually nuanced approach to borderlands and relate their work to new scholarship on territoriality will be able to explore a range of ways to understand local as well as state experiences and practices of power and politics; sovereignty and authority; and identity and belonging. In Part I, I focused primarily on laying out a framework for conceptualizing the relationship between borderland identities and the lived experience of modern territoriality. In Part II, I push this framework further by surveying two large themes that have defined the work of Middle East borderland historians over the last two decades – critical cartography and the visual representation of borderland identities and borderlands as sites of contestation and negotiation. In the final section, I sketch out some possibilities for future research, drawing largely on new scholarship from within Middle East studies.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on the Effect of Endoscopic Nd-YAG Laser Treatment for Early Gastric Cancer and Borderline Lesion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of endoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment for early gastric cancer. Endoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment was carried out in 20 patients; 12 with, early gastric cancers and 8 with borderline lesions.In 11 patients with endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer (type IIc 9, type IIa+IIc 1 and type IIc+III 1) and in 3 patients with borderline lesions trial treatment with Nd-YAG laser was carried out 2 to 14 days before gastrectomy. In 7 cases tumor cells were eradicated from the treated area, but in the other,7 cases (submucosal infiltration 3, muscle infiltration 2 and borderline lesion 2) residual tumor were observed in the periphery or deeper layers. On the other hand, in a patient with early gastric cancer (type IIa+IIc) and in 5 patients with borderline lesions Nd-YAG laser treatment was repeated 1 to 5 times as a curative treatment. Follow-up biopsies of the treated lesions confirmed loss of cancer and atypical cells.Our results suggest that the endoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment can be a curative method for cases of early gastric cancer limited to mucosa orinner layer of subnucosa without metastasis.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Zygotic splitting following embryo biopsy: a cohort study of 207 697 single‐embryo transfers following IVF treatment

Objective To evaluate the risk of monozygotic splitting with embryo biopsy during in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Design A cohort study. Setting Anonymised assisted reproductive technology national data from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, UK . Population Women undergoing single‐embryo transfer (SET) following either pre‐implantation genetic testing (PGT) involving embryo biopsy or IVF without PGT. Methods Data on women undergoing SET either following PGT and non‐PGT IVF treatment in 2000–2016 were analysed to compare the risk of zygotic splitting and monozygotic twining. Logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for potential confounders. Main outcomes Monozygotic spitting, monozygotic twin birth. Results Data comprising a total of 207 697 SET cycles (4544 following PGT and 203 153 following non‐PGT IVF) were analysed. The live birth rate per embryo transfer was 31.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.5–33.2%) following PGT and 26.9% (95% CI 26.7–27.1%) following non‐PGT IVF. The incidence of zygotic splitting following PGT was 2.4% (95% CI 1.7–3.3%) versus 1.5% (95% CI 1.4–1.6%) following non‐PGT IVF. There was a significantly higher risk of zygotic splitting with PGT versus non‐PGT IVF cycles (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.19–2.27). The higher risk of zygotic splitting with PGT cycles remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06–2.15). Conclusions The present study demonstrated an increased risk of monozygotic splitting with embryo biopsy. Given the current sparse literature, it is important to accumulate further evidence to validate the findings. Tweetable abstract A likely increased risk of monozygotic splitting following embryo biopsy.

Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cadmium exposure induces changes in gut microbial composition and metabolic function in long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, <i>Cricetulus longicaudatus</i>

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to cadmium disrupts the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in damage to organ tissue. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the broader ecological reality associated with this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a thorough evaluation of the effects of different concentrations of Cd (6, 12, 24, and 48 mg/L) over a period of 35 consecutive days on the organ viscera and the gut microbiota of long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, Cricetulus longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), using histopathological analysis, 16S rDNA, and metagenome sequencing. Our findings revealed that the results suggest that Cd exposure induced liver, spleen, and kidney damage, potentially leading to increased intestinal permeability and inflammation. These alterations were accompanied by significant perturbations in the gut microbiota composition, particularly affecting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Prevotella and Treponema within the gut ecosystem. Consequently, host susceptibility to underlying diseases was heightened due to these changes. Notably though, Cd exposure did not significantly impact the overall structure of the gut microbiota itself. Additionally, Cd exposure induced significant changes in the metabolic functions, with the pathways related to disease and environmental information processing notably enhanced, possibly indicating stronger innate defense mechanisms against external injuries among wild mammals exposed to Cd. This study offers a novel approach to comprehensively evaluate the significant impact of Cd pollution on ecosystems by investigating both structural and functional alterations in the digestive system, as well as disruptions in intestinal flora among wild mammals.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences