jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Beef cattle performance on signal grass pastures deferred and fertilized with nitrogen

ABSTRACT The effect of four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 and 120kg N ha-1), applied before deferment on the beef cattle production and structural variables on Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) were assessed from January to October 2012 and from January to September 2013. A randomized block design with three replicates was adopted, in an arrangement of repeated measures in time (grazing period). An interaction effect between nitrogen level and grazing period was observed on extended-plant height and herbage mass. As the nitrogen levels were increased, extended-plant height, herbage mass, total herbage allowance, and efficiency of conversion of fertilizer into herbage were increased. Throughout the grazing period, pasture height, extended-plant height, percentage of leaves, herbage and morphological components allowance, and percentages of leaves and stems in the herbage apparently selected by the animal decreased. Nitrogen levels had no effect on average daily gain or gain per area in the first year. A fixed deferment period with increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization on signal grass pastures does not influence the average daily gain per animal, reduces the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer and negatively changes the structural characteristics of the pasture.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pareto's Theory of Choice

Research Article| June 01 1998 Pareto's Theory of Choice Martin Gross; Martin Gross Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Vincent J. Tarascio Vincent J. Tarascio Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (1998) 30 (2): 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-30-2-171 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Martin Gross, Vincent J. Tarascio; Pareto's Theory of Choice. History of Political Economy 1 June 1998; 30 (2): 171–187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-30-2-171 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsHistory of Political Economy Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1998 by Duke University Press1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A MEIOTIC MUTANT DEFECTIVE IN DISTRIBUTIVE DISJUNCTION IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

ABSTRACT The female meiotic mutant no distributive disjunction (symbol: nod) reduces the probability that a nonexchange chromosome will disjoin from either a nonexchange homolog or a nonhomolog; the mutant does not affect exchange or the disjunction of bivalents that have undergone exchange. Disjunction of nonexchange homologs was examined for all chromosome pairs; nonhomologous disjunction of the X chromosomes from the Y chromosome in XXY females, of compound chromosomes in females bearing attached-third chromosomes with and without a Y chromosome, and of the second chromosomes from the third chromosomes were also examined. The results suggest that the defect in nod is in the distributive pairing process. The frequencies and patterns of disjunction from a trivalent in nod females suggest that the distributive pairing process involves three separate events-pairing, orientation, and disjunction. The mutant nod appears to affect disjunction only.

Topic: Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Automated Detection of Colorectal Polyp Utilizing Deep Learning Methods With Explainable AI

<p dir="ltr">Detecting colorectal polyps promptly and accurately is crucial in preventing the progression of colorectal cancer. These polyps cause severe conditions in the colon or rectum, presenting a significant diagnostic challenge. Traditional manual detection through medical imaging is not only bulky and prone to errors but also incurs substantial costs, requiring expert endoscopist. Inefficient detection and treatment can lead to critical health complications. Addressing these issues, we extensively employed various configurations of the state-of-the-art YOLOv8 (n-nano, s-small, m-medium, l-large, and x-extra-large) models for effective polyp localization. Complementing this, we proposed a novel TR-SE-Net model for segmentation, integrating Squeeze-and-Excite Networks (SE-Net) to elevate performance and real-time processing capabilities. The Kvasir-SEG dataset is utilized for training and testing models, supplemented by external validation CVC-ClinicDB, PolypGen, ETIS-LaribPolypDB, EDD 2020, and BKAI-IGH to confirm their efficacy in processing unseen, real-time data. This study delves into the interpretability of these models using explainable AI (XAI), such as eigen visualization for localization and heatmap analysis for segmentation. This exploration provides deeper insights into the decision-making processes of the models, thereby enhancing their reliability. Notably, the YOLOv8m model showcased remarkable prediction speed (approximately 16.61 ms) and excelled in precision (0.946), recall (0.771), F1-score (0.85), mAP50 (0.886), and mAP50–95 (0.695), catering to diverse clinical scenarios. The TR-SE-Net demonstrated significant improvements in segmentation performances, including DSC (0.8754), F2-score (0.8786), precision (0.9027), recall (0.8879), accuracy (0.9647), competitive mIoU (0.7961), FPS (54), parameters (27.27 million), and flops (10.59 GMac). Furthermore, A graphical Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system developed utilizing both models can substantially reduce the miss rate because segmentation will assist in polyp detection or vice versa if localization fails. Conclusively, integrating these advanced computer-aided methods substantially enhances colonoscopy procedures by mitigating the risks of colorectal cancer. <h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3402818" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3402818</a>

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Volumetric Obscurance as a New Tool to Better Visualize Relief from Digital Elevation Models

The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) has become much more widespread in recent years, thanks to technological developments that facilitate their creation and availability. To exploit these data, a set of processing techniques has been developed to reveal the characteristic structures of the relief. This paper presents a new method based on the volumetric approach, and two derivatives. These methods are evaluated on three DEMs at different resolutions and scales: a freely accessible DEM from JAXA DEM covering part of North-East Tanzania, a DEM corresponding to rock art in Siberia, and a DEM of an archaeological Bronze Age funeral structure. Our results show that with the volumetric approach, concave and convex areas are clearly visible, with contrast marking slope breaks, while the overall relief is attenuated. Furthermore, the use of volume reduces the impact of noise, which can occur when processing is based on sky visibility (e.g., sky-view factor or positive openness) or second derivatives. Finally, the volumetric approach allows the implementation of a vertical exaggeration factor, the result of which will enhance the particular characteristics of the landscape. The present study comes with a standalone executable program for Windows, a QGIS plugin, and the scripts written in Python, including GPU compute capability (via CUDA) for faster processing.

Topic: Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Successful repair of recurrent coarctation after neonatal heart transplantation.

Neonatal orthotopic heart transplantation is an attractive primary surgical therapy for severe uncorrectable congenital heart defects such as variants of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Aortic arch reconstruction is frequently required to repair the hypoplastic aortic arch and the coarctation at the time of graft implantation. Residual coarctation of the aorta after neonatal heart transplantation for such a condition has satisfactorily been treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation. We describe the successful surgical repair of a recurrent coarctation of the aorta via a sternotomy in a 2-year-old patient who had previously undergone neonatal orthotopic heart transplantation. Postoperative periodic investigations have not shown any evidence of obstruction across the site of the primary end-to-end anastomosis.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanistic studies on the reactions of iodopentaammineruthenium(III) complex cation and thiocyanate ion in aqueous solution

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, India <em>Manuscript received 14 July 1998, accepted 8 December 1998</em> The substitution of iodide ion by thiocyanate ion in the iodopentaammineruthenium(III) complex cation in aqueous solution has been investigated at 35-50º. Rate increases linearly with thiocyanate ion concentration having a positive intercept on the rate axis. The intercept gives the aquation rate constant of the iodo complex, and the slope represents thiocyanate anation rate. The rate was compared with the thiocyanate anation rate of the aqua complex by making a separate study between the two species. The second order thiocyanate anation rates and activation parameters for the process are close in the two processes but a difference in mechanism exists between the two. Thiocyanate anation reaction follows as associative interchange mechanism.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
PerR-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Staphylococcus aureus

: Staphylococcus aureus is a human bacterial pathogen, known to cause a variety of illnesses and infections in the hospital and community settings. It produces a large number of virulence factors used for host invasion, tissue colonization and destruction, leading to severe infections in both healthy and immunodeficient people around the world. In this paper, we studied the potential mechanisms related to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection, analyzed the significance of oxidative stress for survival of S. aureus, and re-identified the molecular structure, regulatory boxes, and regulons of PerR (peroxide responsive repressor) gene, a key modulator responsible for MRSA. Then, we further investigated how PerR functions in response to oxidative stress and how the PerR regulon affects S. aureus virulence. As a conclusion, we postulate that the regulation of PerR and its regulon indirectly influences the expression of virulence factors by prolonging the pathogen's survival under harsh conditions that may lead to the increased risk of S. aureus transmission, infection, and spread of the disease. Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylocococcus aureus (MRSA) in medical settings are common. In the 1990's, there has been an increase in skin and soft tissue infections due to MRSA strains originating from outside of the medical environment. These infections have been shown to occur mostly in healthy, young individuals. Due to the rise of MRSA, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic solutions to eradicate the pathogen and investigating unique metabolic pathways in the pathogen shows promise in potentially identifying new drug targets. Please cite this paper as:Ikawa Wakabayashi JY, Cheng DW. PerR-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Staphylococcus aureus. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2012;5(3):443-9. DOI: 10.5812/jjm.2460 Copyright © 2012 Kowsar Corp. All rights reserved.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Domestication of English Expressions Used by Iraqi Arabic Speakers: A Sociolinguistic Study

This paper deals with the process of domestication of English expressions as a sociolinguistic phenomenon.It aims to explore the reasons of domesticating foreign [English] expressions that are variously acculturated within such social variables as gender, age, and social status.A modified sociolinguistic interview has been conducted to take the most frequently domesticated expressions in order to be included in a questionnaire administered to different sample of the Iraqi-Najafi Arabic speakers.The questionnaire is used to support the interview in fulfilling the aims of the research.Throughout the discussions, certain conclusions have been observed.English expressions are domesticated as a strategy of globalization and Englishization.Another considerable conclusion is that females have used domesticated expressions as a way to show prestige and acculturation.

Topic: Digital Communication and Language
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emotional contagion in the human/dog dyad - physiological and cognitive consequences, and implications for pain management: A scoping review

Abstract Objective The objective of this scoping review is to explore the implications of human-dog dyadic interactions on canine chronic pain, by investigating the mediating role of human emotion on the affective and behavioural states of dogs typically associated with canine pain. Introduction: Canine chronic osteoarthritis pain causes significant burden of disease in pet dog populations. It is understood that chronic pain is complex and multidimensional, with poor correlation between disease severity and functional disability. Interactions with their human caregivers have measurable effects of affective and physiological states in dogs. A better understanding of how these interactions may affect functional disability in dogs with osteoarthritis pain will inform patient management approaches. Inclusion criteria: This review included studies evaluating behavioural, physiological, affective or cognitive changes in dogs, within a human-dog dyad, in response to human caregiver behaviour, personality or emotion. Methods The databases searched included PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SOCINDEX, PSYCHARTICLES AND PSYCHINFO, and articles were screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Results 55 Full text articles were included in the results. Conclusions The data support the hypothesis that human affective states influence canine affect, physiology, cognition and behavioural adaptation.

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Front Cover Picture: Iridium(I) Complexes with Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Catalysts for H/D Exchange in Nonpolar Media (Adv. Synth. Catal. 18/2020)

The front cover picture, provided by Matthias Tamm and co-workers and designed by Mailin Röder, illustrates a new class of stable iridium(I) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) bearing a weakly coordination anionic borate moiety. This piggyback B(C6F5)3 unit affords neutrally charged iridium catalysts for efficient deuteration of various substrates with D2 gas in nonpolar solvents. Details can be found in the full paper on pages 3857–3863 (M. Koneczny, L. P. Ho, A. Nasr, M. Freytag, P. G. Jones, M. Tamm, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 3857–3863; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000438).

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Signal transduction by glycophorin A: role of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains in a modulatable process.

Binding of ligands to the extracellular region of the erythrocyte transmembrane protein glycophorin A induces a decrease in membrane deformability. Since the property of membrane deformability is regulated by the skeletal proteins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, this suggests that ligand binding may initiate a transmembrane signal. To further study this process, we examined which domains of the extracellular region of glycophorin are involved in signal transduction and whether the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule is necessary for transmitting the signal. Using the ektacytometer, we compared the effect on deformability of four monoclonal antibodies that detect different epitopes on glycophorin A. We found that 9A3 (which recognized the amino terminus of glycophorin) caused a 5.8-fold increase in rigidity, R-10 and 10F7 (which recognized epitopes in the mid-region of the extracellular domain) caused a 10.8-fold increase in rigidity and B14 (which binds to glycophorin close to the membrane) caused a 18-fold increase in rigidity. Further, a direct relationship was observed between the degree of antibody-induced rigidity and the amount of glycophorin A that became associated with the skeletal proteins in a Triton shell assay. In Miltenberger V erythrocytes, which contain a hybrid sialoglycoprotein with no cytoplasmic domain, antibody binding did not induce an increase in rigidity. These results imply that glycophorin A is capable of a modulatable form of transmembrane signaling that is determined by the extracellular domain to which the ligand binds, and the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin A is crucial for this process.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quality control of a medicinal larval ( <i> <scp>L</scp> ucilia sericata </i> ) debridement device based on released gelatinase activity

Abstract Lucilia sericata M eigen ( D iptera: C alliphoridae) larvae are manufactured worldwide for the treatment of chronic wounds. Published research has confirmed that the primary clinical effect of the product, debridement (the degradation of non‐viable wound tissue), is accomplished by a range of enzymes released by larvae during feeding. The quality assessment of larval activity is currently achieved during production using meat‐based assays, which monitor insect growth and/or the reduction in substrate mass. To support this, the present authors developed a complementary radial diffusion enzymatic assay to produce a visual and measureable indication of the activity of larval alimentary products ( LAP ) collected under standardized conditions, against a gelatin substrate. Using basic laboratory equipment and reagents, the assay is rapid and suited to high throughput. Assay reproducibility is high (standard deviation: 0.06–0.27; coefficient of variation: 0.75–4.31%) and the LAP collection procedure does not adversely affect larval survival (mortality: &lt; 2%). Because it is both cost‐ and time‐effective, this method is suited to both academic and industrial use and supports good manufacturing and laboratory practice as a quality control assay.

Topic: Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
WS-3 The role of the ACP facilitator: The importance of achieving and maintaining competence

<h3>Background</h3> The introduction of the advance care planning (ACP) facilitator, as a new and emerging role for the healthcare setting, was first introduced in 1993 in La Crosse, Wisconsin. ACP Facilitators are typically non-physicians/providers who have clinical roles such as nurses and social workers, but also can include non-clinicians, such as chaplains, members of faith ministries, or other community volunteers. The role of the ACP Facilitator has expanded across the USA and to other parts of the world like Australia, Singapore, and parts of Europe and Canada. ACP facilitators provide a valuable service for individuals and their families, promoting ACP conversations as a component of quality care. However, there are many questions and concerns about how non-physicians can provide this ACP service. What training should be provided? What are the core competencies of &nbsp;the role? How is initial competency achieved? How is competence maintained? What standards exist to guide the development of competency based education? What difference do certification programs make? <h3>Aim</h3> In this workshop, the presenters will offer a definition of the role, responsibilities, and competencies of the ACP Facilitator. <h3>Discussion</h3> The Respecting Choices® approach to designing effective certification programs for ACP Facilitators will be explored as a critical component of ensuring competence in fulfilling their responsibilities. This standardised approach to certification successfully enables non-physicians to provide a reliable ACP service. The presenters will also discuss the importance of facilitator certification for different stages of illness; clarifying the need for specific skills and competencies when facilitating ACP conversations for individuals with chronic illness, or those who are approaching the last years of life. Strategies to achieve and maintain competence in the role of the ACP Facilitator will be discussed. Lastly, the presenters will provide evidence of the outcomes that result from the Respecting Choices approach to ACP Facilitator certification.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences