jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of Middle Ear Effusions in Infants with Cleft Palate

Middle ear effusion is now generally recognized as a virtually universal complication in infants with cleft palate. Such infants may therefore be assumed to experience conductive hearing loss of some degree or other throughout infancy. Hoping to prevent not only deficits in intellectual and language development, but also permanent otic and auditory handicaps, we have routinely treated such infants as early as practicable with myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion. Subsequently, we have repeated the operation whenever blockage or extrusion of the tubes resulted in recurrence of persistent effusion. In this manner we have been able to maintain most infants in satisfactory middle ear status most of the time. Otorrhea, however, has been a frequent complication. Preliminary findings suggest that infants managed according to this regimen may eventually develop better language function than those not receiving such management. A current study is designed to test the advantages and disadvantages that might result from deferring the initial routine myringotomy until somewhat later in infancy.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia: The Diagnostic Challenges

Masson’s tumor or intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a benign lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is due to reactive proliferation of endothelial cells with papillary formations related to a thrombus. It poses an interesting diagnostic differential as the clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific. The diagnosis is based on histopathology. We report a case of Masson’s hemangioma occurring on the right ring finger.

Topic: Vascular Tumors and Angiosarcomas
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Complete Polarimeter for Retinal Tissue Visualization

A Laser Diagnostic Technologies GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer was modified to provide a complete Mueller Matrix polarization image of retinal tissue. Preliminary results demonstrate that interesting retardance, diattenuation, and depolarization features can be visualized.

Topic: Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Ankle Arthritis with Coronal Plane Deformity

Total ankle arthroplasty has become a viable motion-preserving alternative to ankle arthrodesis, especially in the last two decades. Recent improvements have been achieved in the strength of implant design and surgical technique. Nevertheless, addressing preoperative deformities is essential for successful outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty. Residual malalignment can produce instability and edge loading, causing acceleration of polyethylene wear, followed by osteolysis and an increased risk of revision surgery. Therefore, the accompanying deformities and their correction techniques need to be comprehensively elucidated and understood. In this article, we provide a review of the application of total ankle arthroplasty in arthritis with coronal plane varus and valgus deformities.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Are Department Heads Ready for Change? Leveraging a Leadership Action Team to Advance Teaching Evaluation Practices

We relied on change theory to design a 3-year intervention with STEM department heads to provide space for busy heads to focus on research-based change in teaching evaluation practices. The impact on departmental practices was variable and department head readiness for change mattered.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis of Marssonina Blotch in Apple Leaves

In this study we investigate the use of 2D and 3D scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology for use in apple blotch diagnosis. In order to test the possible application of OCT as a detection tool for apple trees affected by Marssonina coronaria, we conducted several experiments and compared the results from both healthy and infected leaves. Using OCT, we found several distinctive features in the subsurface boundary regions of both the diseased and healthy leaves. Our results indicate that leaves from diseased trees, while still appearing healthy, can be affected by M. coronaria. The A-scan analysis method confirmed that the boundaries found under the subsurface layers can be faint. This shows that M. coronaria can exert its influence on entire apple trees (as opposed to only on leaves with lesions) once it infects healthy trees. Our results indicate that OCT can be used as a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of fungal disease in apple trees. Microscopic imaging results, performed as a histological study for comparison, correlated well with the OCT results.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunohistochemical Study of Amelogenin and Lysosome-Associate Membrane Proteins (LAMPs) in Cartilage

Amelogenin is one of the enamel matrix proteins secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation in tooth development.Recent studies showed that the amelogenin is expressed in chondrocyte.Lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) have been identified as binding partner proteins to amelogenin and it has been suggested they act as signaling receptors of amelogenin.The purpose of this study is to clarify the localization of amelogenin and LAMPs in growth plate cartilage and cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture.Mouse knee joints including tibia growth plate at 4 weeks old and micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells after 2 weeks were fixed in paraformaldehyde, routinely processed, sections were cut and immunostained with amelogenin, collagen type II and type X, LAMP-1 and -3.The positive immunoreaction of amelogenin was observed both in proliferation and hypertrophic zone cartilage of growth plate after enzymatic pretreatment in immunostaining.Furthermore, cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture were immunopositive to amelogenin.The chondrocytes in the proliferation zone of the growth plate were immunopositive to LAMP-1 but weakly stained in the chondrocytes of hypertrophic zone.These observations indicate that amelogenin may be present in cartilage matrix produced in vivo and in vitro and amelogenin may involve cartilage formation through the LAMP-1 signaling pathway.

Topic: Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How does the Human Brain Differentiate? —Normal and Abnormal Development—

1. Three Primary Brain Vesicles Convert into Five Secondary Brain Vesicles The central nervous system (CNS) appears during the 3rd week as a neural plate growing out from the ectoderm of the germ disc. The lateral edges elevate to form the neural folds, and finally fuse, forming the neural tube. Neurulation begins on day 22, and the cranial neuropore, which is an opening at anterior end of the embryonic neural canal, closes on day 24. The future eyes appear as outpouchings from the forebrain neural folds by day 22. Before neurulation begins, the primordia of the three primary brain vesicles are visible as broadenings in the neural plate as shown in Fig. 1, called the prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain). During the 5th week, the prosencephalon subdivides into a telencephalon (the future cerebrum) and a diencephalon, and the rhombencephalon subdivides into a metencephalon (the future pons and cerebellum) and a myelencephalon (the future medulla oblongata), thereby creating, along with the mesencephalon, five secondary brain vesicles (Fig. 2). Between the 4th and 8th week, the elongation of the brain occurs at the same time as the appearance of three flexures; two are concave ventrally and one concave dorsally (Fig. 3). The first of these folds to develop is the cranial (mesencephalic) flexure in the midbrain region. The procencephalon rotates ventrally and then posteriorly around this hinge during the 4th and 5th weeks until it is folded back under the mesencephalon. A bend (cervical flexure) also appears at the junction of the rhombencephalon and spinal cord. This increases from the 5th to the 7th week. However, after the 7th week, extension of the head takes place, and the cervical flexure diminishes and eventually disappears. During the 5th week, reverse, dorsal flexion (pontine flexure) begins at the location of the developing pons. By the 8th week, the 3rd bend may form as a result of differential growth in the ventral part of the metencephalon.

Topic: Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical Analysis of a Small Size Baffled Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Using Different Nano-Fluids

In this study, numerical simulation was used to investigate the effect of adding different nano-particles into the fluid on the performance of a baffled shell-and-tube heat exchanger. A three-dimensional modeling approach was followed to analyze the effect of different nano-fluids, at various volume fractions, as applied in a baffled shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Once finished with validating the grid independency and results, we proceeded to obtain heat transfer rate, pressure drop, outlet shell temperature and exchanger effectiveness for different volume fractions and particle size of different nano-fluids. The studied nano-particles in the present work included Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, Cu, Fe, SiO2, and Au, with water and ethylene glycol employed as base fluids. With constant mass flow rate for all cases, the results indicated that, the addition of nano-particles had reduced the heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and the rate of heat transfer through the shell, even though it had increased outlet shell temperature. In other words, considering a constant heat transfer rate, the presence of nano-fluids in a baffled shell-and-tube heat exchanger is likely to be associated with increased outlet shell temperature. Another consequence presents that using ethylene glycol as base fluid leads to higher effectiveness compared with water as a base fluid in exchanger.

Topic: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patient Experiences and Perceptions with Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: A Systematic Review

Infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) pose significant public health challenges, including increased mortality rates, healthcare costs, and significant impacts on the quality of life for patients. Utilizing a systematic review methodology adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search across three databases, identifying 20 relevant studies that investigated the psychological effects of infections due to MDROs on hospitalized adults. The primary outcomes examined included depression, anxiety, and other psychosocial impacts, while secondary outcomes included patient and caregiver understanding of the infection. Findings revealed consistent associations between contact isolation due to MDRO infections and heightened levels of depression and anxiety among patients, although evidence regarding the impact on anger was mixed. Other psychological aspects, such as feelings of stigmatization and reduced healthcare provider interactions, were also recorded. The current systematic review highlights the importance of addressing these psychological effects through holistic, patient-centered care approaches, emphasizing the need for better communication and comprehensive education for both patients and healthcare providers. Our findings suggest that mitigating the psychological burden of MDROs can enhance overall patient care and outcomes and call for further research to optimize care strategies for patients hospitalized for infections due to MDROs.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD Magnetics_A #169985.1

Magnetic measurements for estimating global parameters and for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study to introduce diamagnetic flux measurement and MHD mode analysis. Various types of magnetic sensors are used; Rogowski coils and magnetic probes inside and ourside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Table_1_Transcriptomic signature defines two subtypes of locally advanced PCa with distinct neoadjuvant therapy benefits.xlsx

Background&lt;p&gt;Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPCa) received docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemo-hormonal therapy (NCHT) had better clinical outcomes after surgery compared to neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) groups, but not all patients experienced favorable clinical outcomes with NCHT, raising the necessity for potential biomarker assessment. The transcriptomic profiling offers a unique opportunity to interrogate the accurate response to NCHT and NHT treatment and to identify the predictive biomarkers for neoadjuvant therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Methods&lt;p&gt;The whole transcriptomic profiling was performed on baseline biopsies and surgical tissue specimens from 64 patients with LAPCa at Renji Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS)-based gene-by-treatment interaction effects were used to identify predictive biomarkers for guiding treatment selection.&lt;/p&gt;Results&lt;p&gt;Comparing the transcriptome profiling of pre- and post-treatment LAPCa specimens, NHT and NCHT shared 1917 up- and 670 down-regulated DEGs at least 2-fold. Pathway enrichment analysis showed up-regulated pathways in response to NHT and NCHT were both enriched in cytokine receptor interaction pathways, and down-regulated pathways in response to NCHT were enriched in cell cycle pathways. By comprehensive transcriptome profiling of 64 baseline specimens, ten predictive markers were identified. We integrated them into the signature to evaluate the relative benefits of neoadjuvant therapy, which categorizes patients into two subgroups with relative bPFS benefits from either NHCT or NHT. In the high-score (≥ -95.798) group (n = 37), NCHT treatment led to significantly longer bPFS (P&lt; 0.0001), with a clear and early separation of the Kaplan–Meier curves. In the low-score (&lt; -95.798) group (n = 27), NHT also led to significantly longer bPFS (P=0.0025).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions&lt;p&gt;In this study, we proposed the first predictive transcriptomic signature might potentially guide the effective selection of neoadjuvant therapy in LAPCa and might provide precise guidance toward future personalized adjuvant therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Trial registration&lt;p&gt;The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Ky2019-087).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Jason M. Brown, Dwelling in the Wilderness: Modern Monks in the American West

Jason M. Brown, Dwelling in the Wilderness: Modern Monks in the American West (SanAntonio: Trinity University Press, 2024), 169 pp., $18.95 (pbk), ISBN:978-1-59534-979-8.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Women in Argentina During the 1960s

The 1960s represented a particular moment of social, cultural, and political unrest in the midst of which the contours of a modern Argentina-consumerism, secularization, the realignment of political forces, changes in daily life, the transformation of gender relationships-began to emerge. It is striking, however, that despite the recent historical recovery of this period and the revolution in women's history, women's voices are absent or at best relegated to a few footnotes. A gender perspective-one that incorporates the relationships between men and women, the impact of social changes in the family, gender roles, the private dimensions of life, etc., and their effects on social and psychological formations-is also lacking (Kelly-Gadol, 1984). For the women, now between 40 and 50, who began to participate in the public sphere during this period, these reconstructions not only call into question their own memories but also puzzle them when contrasted with the experiences of participants in the student movement, politics, and street battles, among others. As many writers have pointed out, the 1960s were a period of various cleavages worldwide. In the core countries, the emergence of student movements symbolized by the French May 1968 implied a broad questioning of the consumer society. In Latin America, Africa, and Asia, anticolonial, national-liberation, and socialist movements were consolidated, and in the East movements in opposition to the system gathered strength. In Argentina the 1960s were years of modernization and secularization in the sociological

Topic: Argentine historical studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Karakteristik Nata De Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Rumput Laut Gula Aren

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of concentration of seaweed and palm sugar to the quality of nata de seaweed. This research used factorial randomized block design with two treatments and 3 replications. The treatmens were different concentration of seaweed at 1%, 2%, and 3% and different amount of palm sugar at 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. The parameters observed were yield, thickness, elasticity, water content and insoluble dietary fiber of the nata. The treatment of seaweed and palm sugar with increased concentrate tended to decrease the water content of nata de seaweed, while the insoluble dietary fiber content of nata de seaweed tended to increase with treatment of seaweed and palm sugar with increased concentrate. The best treatment in this research was the treatment of 10% palm sugar and 3% seaweed (G2R3) resulting nata with insoluble dietary fiber of 1.89%.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Exploration of Opportunities and Barriers for Implementing Urban Agriculture at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario

Previous qualitative studies of urban agriculture (UA) in neighbourhood contexts suggest that UA projects do have the potential to contribute positively to community sustainability. Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario expresses a commitment to sustainability. This qualitative study is concerned with the capacity of UA at a university campus scale to fulfill Queen’s commitment to sustainability. Is UA possible here and will it contribute significantly to sustainability? A thorough literature review of urban agriculture, community sustainability, and institutional land use planning is a major component of the research. A review of food and sustainability policy in Kingston and at Queen’s is another component. As the study progresses it will also include 7-10 semi structured interviews. Each participant will be involved with either campus UA at another university, the management of Queen’s land use, or Queen’s food and sustainability projects. Due to the length of the Queen’s ethics approval procedure, primary research for this study has not yet been conducted. The Queen's Sustainability website suggests that Queen’s campus has one community garden and it "consistently has a waiting list". Meanwhile, the Physical Plant Services website states that Queen's has over 140 acres of green space. There is plenty of opportunity for UA at Queen's. This thesis draws on literature review to explain the potential opportunities and barriers for UA in general, while policy analysis will expose opportunities and barriers for UA at Queen’s in particular. Going forward, informational interviews will also be necessary to understand opportunities and barriers for UA at Queen’s.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimenter Effect in the Study of Invertebrate Behavior

Psychologists have shown increasing interest in the behavior of organisms other than man and rat, a development welcomed on theoretical grounds (Beach, 1960). Particular interest has been shown in the study of the behavior and behavior modification of rhe planarian, an invertebrate placed low on the phylogenetic scale. A number of highly relevant, but frequently uncontrolled, variables apparently have contributed to the differences observed in the behavior of planaria by various investigators. For example, Halas, James, and Stone (1961) found light, which has been regarded as a neutral stimulus for planaria, to serve as a weak unconditioned stimulus. Differential responsivity to electrical polarity was shown to be another relevant, but generally uncontrolled, variable by Halas, Mulry, and DeBoer.' The purpose of the present srudy was to determine the extent to which E himself might be a relevant but uncontrolled variable affecting research on the behavior of planaria. Recent smdies have shown E to be a highly relevant variable in determining the results of research employing human or rat Ss (Rosenchal, 1961 ). The specific questions to which the present study addressed itself were: (1) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different behavior from their invercebrate Ss, and (2) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different degrees of behavioral modification from their invertebrate Ss? METHOD

Topic: Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences