jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ORIGIN OF FAR-FIELD N18 OF SSEPS IN RESPONSE TO MEDIAN NERVE STIMULATION

We examined N18 somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in response to left median nerve stimulation in ten normal adults using three methods : potential map, source derivation (SD) map, and dipole localizing method (DLM). SSEPs from ten subjects were averaged and analyzed for a period of 128 msec. In the potential map and the map calculated by using SD, N18 was distributed mainly in the centro-pariental region contralateral to that potential. DLM presented a pair of dipoles equivalent to N18, Which were parallel and Directed opposite to each other. From these observations, we speculate that N18 has at least two generators, one at the level between the midbrain and the thalamus and the other in the lower brainstem.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization and functional properties of new everbearing strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries

Background: In recent years, a new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ was cultivated to supply the strawberries in pre-harvest season from July to October in Japan. For highly research and development of processing of this cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries, the objective of this study was to characterize these berries, with relation to chemical parameters, total phenols, total flavonoids, total vitamin C, and total anthocyanins, and was to investigate the solubility and the stability of anthocyanins from the berries. Moreover, the functional properties such as antioxidative activity, active oxygen species scavenging activity, and antihypertensive activity were also evaluated.Methods: Chemical analysis, colour measurement, and sensory evaluation of new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were performed. Next, the solubility of anthocyanins from the berries and stability of these against pH, temperature, and an incandescent lighting were investigated. Moreover, functional properties of the extracts prepared from berries were elucidated using 5 different methods.Results: The contents of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash were the same as those of other cultivar berries. The sugar-acid ratio in the berries was low; these were acidulous. By sensory evaluation, the main factors were vivid red colour, aroma, and acidity. The berries were rich in phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. The anthocyanins of the berries became unstable by heat treatment and light exposures such as visible rays. On the other hand, the extracts prepared from the berries showed the functionalities such as antioxidant activity, active oxygen species scavenging activities, and antihypertensive activity. Conclusions: The strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were the most suitable for processing ingredient of strawberry-derived products with superior health promoting functionalities.Keywords: Summertiara, everbearing strawberry cultivar, characterization, sensory evaluation, color and storage, functional property

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Social and health expert performance suffered as a result of occupational injuries in the Khabarovsk Territory].

nThe paper studied the rates of occupational injuries for various economic activities and medical and social characteristics of the disability suffered at work in the Khabarovsk Krai in the dynamics from 2005 to 2010. Analysis of the performance evaluation of disability suffered, first recognized as disabled, depending on age and disability groups.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Figure 1 in Breeding biology of the grey-browed brushfinch Arremon assimilis (Aves: Passerellidae) in the Eastern Andes of Colombia

Figure 1. Circular plot showing in grey the non-uniform distribution (Z = 1.141, p <.01) of the timing of breeding across the year. The figure was built using the imputed data set of reproductive events of A. assimilis across years 2017 and 2018 corrected by sampling effort. The reproductive event mean (dark blue arrow) occurs on 1 December ± 1.69 standard deviation (SD) (light blue arrows) and the median of reproductive events (turquoise arrow) occurs on 15 December. The height of the kernel density estimator (dashed dark blue line) represents the clustering of reproductive events in each month.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Left atrial volume is an independent predictor of mortality in CAPD patients

Background. Echocardiography is an established technique to estimate the risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). An enlarged left atrium (LA) has recently emerged as a marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in various pathologic conditions. However, there have been few studies to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with ESRD, particularly those receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods. We conducted an observational cohort study to investigate whether enlarged LA can predict patient outcome in 216 patients with CAPD. Study outcomes were allcause and cardiovascular mortality. Results. Increased left atrium volume index (LAVI > 32 mL/m 2 ) was observed in 99 (45.8%) of the CAPD patients. During the follow-up (26.3 6 18.6 months), 20 patients (9.3%) died. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with LAVI > 32 mL/m 2 than those with LAVI � 32 mL/m 2 (69 versus 82%, P ¼ 0.024). In multivariate analyses adjusted for echocardiographic parameters and clinical and laboratory data, increased LAVI was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.10, P ¼ 0.03] and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14, P ¼ 0.006). Furthermore, increased LAVI provided the highest predictive value for all-cause mortality [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ¼ 0.766, P < 0.001] and cardiovascular mortality (AUC ¼ 0.836, P < 0.001) among the measured echocardiographic parameters. Conclusions. We showed that increased LAVI predicted adverse outcomes better than other echocardiographic parameters in patients with CAPD.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cartoon Network Update: New Features for Exploring of Neural Circuits

Cartoon Network is an open-source simulator for neural circuits. It allows students to playfully explore the remarkable complexity that emerges from networks of interacting neurons. This brief report describes four new features that have been added to Cartoon Network: 1) the ability to save and load different networks, 2) the addition of bursting neurons, and 3) new accelerometer inputs for the Finch robot. In addition, new data from the National Institute of Teaching Psychology is reported showing that psychology faculty report strong interest in using Cartoon Network as a pedagogical tool. The updated version of Cartoon Network is available at: https://github.com/rcalinjageman/cartoon_network.

Topic: Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Mise-en-Scène of the Holy in the Lateran Church in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries

In the wake of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform, the Pope’s cathedral on the Lateran hill was increasingly glorified as the most important religious building in Rome and as a real ‘Mother of all Churches’. However, the Lateran church possessed less authority per se than other major Roman basilicas, including Saint Peter’s, since it was not built on the burial site of martyrs or other important Early Christians. The building was gradually transformed into a holy site with a legendary pedigree stressing the Lateran’s role as a monumental Jerusalem temple reliquary, and later into a memorial site of a major event in church history, namely the first consecration of a building in honour of the Saviour, marked by the miraculous appearance of Christ’s image in the main apse - a kind of acheiropoieton imprinted on the walls of the building itself. The shaping of the Lateran’s cultic specificity took place during the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries and redefined ancient ritual usages such as the liturgical commemoration of the Beirut icon which had been stabbed with a knife on 9 November and the holy images and relics associated with this tradition.

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Burden of Proof in Jesus Research

The burden of proof in Jesus research refers to the question of historical veracity of the New Testament accounts of Jesus. In the course of the quest for authentic Jesus material, various criteria (cf. criteria of authenticity) are used to examine the historical accuracy of the sources. The burden of proof may also relate to more specific aspects or elements of the Jesus tradition. The issue of the burden of proof is implicit from the very beginning of biblical criticism. Of particular interest is the rise of form criticism, which saw the gospel accounts as an expression of the early church. Just as the burden of proof is pushed from one side to the other between atheists and theists concerning the existence of God, so debates on Jesus' existence argue over where the burden of proof should lie. Keywords:biblical criticism; burden of proof; gospel texts; historical authenticity; Jesus research; Jesus tradition; proof debate; Testament

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Decentralisation of professional development: teachers' decisions and dilemmas

Abstract This study examines professional development activities under the omnibus Kentucky Education Reform Act and finds them lacking. It addresses three related questions. Are Kentucky teachers, in fact, in charge of their own professional development? What are the formats and foci of the professional development opportunities teachers are planning? How is professional development changing in the increasingly high–stakes environment created by the accountability movement? Analysis of professional development activities reveals systemic weaknesses that are counterproductive to improving teacher quality. Chief among these weaknesses are system–wide ignorance of alternative professional development activities and a failure to define professional development engagement beyond the cataloging of clock–hours or seat time. Analysis also reveals interesting differences in professional development according to school level and district size.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Note on Pcodes of Partial Words

In this paper, we study partial words in relation with pcodes, compatibility, and containment. First, we introduce C⊂(L), the set of all partial words contained by elements of L, and C⊃(L), the set of all partial words containing elements of L, for a set L of partial words. We discuss the relation between C(L), the set of all partial words compatible with elements of the set L, C⊂(L), and C⊃(L). Next, we consider the condition for C(L), C⊂(L), and C⊃(L) to be a pcode when L is a pcode. Furthermore, we introduce some classes of pcodes. An infix pcode and a comma-free pcode are defined, and the inclusion relation among these classes is established.

Topic: semigroups and automata theory
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF OSTEOPOROTIC SACRAL INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLECENTRE STUDY

Objective:The incidence of osteoporosis increases with the ageing of the world population.In recent years, sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF) have become more prevalent due to the increase in life expectancy of the elderly population.The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and the mortality rates of SIF in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods:The records of patients admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and May 2018 were examined.Medical records, radiological images and reports of 245 patients over 65 years of age who had undergone pelvic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for any reason were retrospectively reviewed.Twenty-six patients (three male, 23 female) over 65 years of age who were proven to have osteoporosis with bone mineral densitometry (BMD) values at the time of diagnosis were included in the study. Results:The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 80,5.MRI was used for diagnosis in 20 patients and CT in six patients.The mean value of BMD was found to be-3.62.The most common type of fracture was B1.Surgery was performed in four patients and conservative treatment in 22 patients.Conclusion: Increased risk of fractures due to osteoporosis also increases the risk of SIF.In our study, the incidence of fractures of sacral insufficiency was found to be 12.44% and 5-year mortality was 26.9%.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MMSE simplification algorithm in time-domain for OFDM channel estimation

In the view of the contradiction of the traditional MMSE channel estimation performance and the practical realization complexity, propose an improvement to the original estimation algorithm. A MMSE simplification algorithm in time-domain is presented. Its simulated performance results show that this algorithm has preferable performance and lower complexity. It has better reference value in system practical realization.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strategic borrowing from passive investors

Abstract We find that short sellers manage risks by strategically borrowing shares in stocks with significant ownership by passive investors. This practice increases securities lending demand for stocks with substantial passive ownership, resulting in improved price efficiency, higher lending fees, and increased short interest in these stocks. Consistent with the risk mitigation motive, these stocks show reduced risks of unexpected fee hikes and loan recall, longer loan durations, and attract more informed short sellers. These effects are particularly pronounced in hard-to-borrow stocks where short-sale constraints are binding. Our study suggests that passive investing helps alleviate short-sale constraints by reducing the risks associated with stock borrowing.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 18 of A novel single-cell model reveals ferroptosis-associated biomarkers for individualized therapy and prognostic prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma

Additional file 18: Figure S5. Internal and external dataset validation of ROC curves for immune cells at 1, 3, and 5 Years. (A) Immature B cell, (B) Activated CD4 T cell, (C) Central memory CD4 T cell, (D) Effector memory CD4 T cell.

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An application of the system-point method to inventory models under continuous review

This paper derives the stationary probability distribution of inventory level for continuous-review models, by means of the system-point method of level-crossing analysis. We analyze inventory problems with decaying products under ( nQ, r ) and ( s, S ) ordering policies and zero lead-time, and derive the relevant cost functions. Our results have implications for the case of positive lead-time and to a non-decaying inventory problem with two types of demand processes.

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Mental health therapists' humor styles, trait mindfulness, and burnout: A regression analysis

Research has shown that being a mental health therapist (MHT) is an extremely stressful vocation and often leads to burnout (Gibson, 2009). Evidence supports that humor and mindfulness assist in mitigating the negative effects of stress and burnout (Malinoski, 2013; Brown &amp; Ryan, 2003). It is also known that the effective use of humor (McGhee, 2010a) and mindfulness practices (Hayes, 2005) can be learned, practiced, and integrated into daily interactions across the lifespan. This research examined humor styles, trait mindfulness, and burnout of 94 licensed MHTs in community mental health centers located in Western Massachusetts in an attempt to add to research regarding burnout and protective factors that may minimize the impact of burnout. Results found that MHTs with higher scores of trait mindfulness reported reduced levels of burnout, which supports existing research. Additionally, those reporting higher frequency of maladaptive styles of humor tend to report higher levels of Depersonalization. MHTs who reported the regular use of affiliative types of humor reported a lower rate of Emotional Exhaustion. These findings may be used to inform future pre-service and in-service training of MHTs to include attention to the possible protective factors of adaptive humor styles and trait mindfulness in an effort to prevent burnout among practicing MHTs thereby improving longevity in the field.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors Affecting Aggregate Formation in Cell Models of Huntington’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Most neurodegenerative pathologies stem from the formation of aggregates of mutant proteins, causing dysfunction and ultimately neuronal death. This study was aimed at elucidating the role of the protein factors that promote aggregate formation or prevent the process, respectively, glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and Hsp70 molecular chaperone. The siRNA technology was used to show that the inhibition of GAPDH expression leads to a 4550% reduction in the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, with a repeat of 103 glutamine residues in a model of Huntingtons disease (HD). Similarly, the blockage of GAPDH synthesis was found for the first time to reduce the degree of aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (G93A) in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The treatment of cells that imitate HD and ALS with a pharmacological GAPDH inhibitor, hydroxynonenal, was also shown to reduce the amount of the aggregating material in both disease models. Tissue transglutaminase is another factor that promotes the aggregation of mutant proteins; the inhibition of its activity with cystamine was found to prevent aggregate formation of mutant huntingtin and SOD1. In order to explore the protective function of Hsp70 in the control of the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, a cell model with inducible expression of the chaperone was used. The amount and size of polyglutamine aggregates were reduced by increasing the intracellular content of Hsp70. Thus, pharmacological regulation of the function of three proteins, GAPDH, tTG, and Hsp70, can affect the pathogenesis of two significant neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Employment, poverty and social exclusion

One in three people in employment is not enjoying the inclusionary benefits usually associated with paid work: they are in poverty, in poor quality jobs or in insecure employment. People in this group can be described as being in ‘exclusionary employment’. The people most at risk of exclusionary employment are those who are younger, are lone parents, have a health problem or disability which limits daily activity, have few qualifications, are in semi-routine or routine occupations or are working part-time. Some industries have much higher concentrations of exclusionary employment than others, notably the Wholesale &amp; Retail and Accommodation &amp; Food sectors where more than half of all workers are in exclusionary employment. For those in semi-routine or routine occupations, the risks of exclusionary employment are high in all industries. People in exclusionary employment are much more likely to be excluded in relation to the other domains examined here: health and well-being, social relations and participation, and housing and neighbourhood environment.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Identifying and managing ethical conflict in the gynecologist-patient relationship.

This paper applies the methods of ethics to the problem of differences between the gynecologist and patient about what is in the patient's interest. We develop a framework for clinical judgment and decision making about the ethical dimensions of the gynecologist-patient relationship. To achieve this goal we first define the fundamental principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy. We then show how these two principles interact in clinical judgment and decision making using common examples from gynecologic practice. We examine factors that influence the relative weight of these principles, including subject matter, probability of net medical benefit, availability of reasonable alternatives and ability of the patient to participate in the informed consent process.

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Analysis of PDSI and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Their Links to Streamflow&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

<b>Abstract.</b> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> This study assesses whether the metrological Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and a remote sensing drought indicator, the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), can predict streamflow changes. The region of interest is the four states of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas (MINK region) using information from 2003 to 2017. Data for each of the 32 climate divisions within the region was evaluated on a monthly basis for the warm season of April through September. Monthly data were then averaged over the warm season to generate annual values. VCI monitors vegetation health which is derived from MODIS satellite data. This index was compared to the in-situ drought indicator PDSI, spatially and temporally. Results show that VCI and PDSI are significantly correlated in all Kansas and western divisions of Nebraska and Missouri. The percentage of discharge anomaly (PDA) was used to compare to PDSI and VCI over the time frame for each climate division. Trend analysis show that PDSI and PDA are slightly increasing (getting wetter) over time for most regions with most relationships being statistically significant. VCI trends followed an annual cycle of low values (less vegetation) in April and high values (more vegetation) in August-September. This leads to a neutral VCI trend for most climate divisions as PDA either increases or decreases. Results suggest that PDSI can reasonably (statistically significant) predict streamflow changes in a majority of divisions particularly in western parts of the region including Kansas, western Nebraska, and a few divisions in Missouri within the MINK region, respectively. VCI also showed significant but weaker correlations with PDA in the same divisions.

Topic: Hydrology and Drought Analysis
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences