jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Initial Hemodialysis Access Surgery in an Asian Population

Purpose Access-related morbidity contributes substantially to the costs of hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of initial hemodialysis access surgery at a single center in Singapore and to analyze factors which might influence survival of the surgically-created access. Methods Patients undergoing their first hemodialysis access operations between January 2003 and December 2007 were retrospectively identified. Primary and assisted primary patency rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Data on age, sex, diabetic status, and prior tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) use were analyzed against the outcome of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Results During the study period, 410 primary upper limb access operations were performed: 297 forearm AVF (72.4%), 91 upper arm AVF (22.2%), and 22 arteriovenous grafts (AVG; 5.4%). Men comprised 55.4%, 271 (66.1%) had diabetes, and 316 patients (77.1%) came to surgery with pre-existing CVC. Sixty-two percent of forearm AVF and 67% of arm AVF were used successfully. Age, sex, diabetes, and prior use of a CVC did not significantly affect the ability to use an AVF. Only in the female diabetic subgroup was an earlier loss of primary assisted patency of AVF recorded. Conclusions In our Asian population, we have demonstrated AVF patency rates equivalent to those of international centers. We now face the challenge of achieving a higher rate of pre-emptive AVF placement with a subsequent reduction in CVC use.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Chapter 7: Intravenous Flow Rates

PreviousNext No AccessComplete Math Review for the Pharmacy Technician, 4th EditionChapter 7: Intravenous Flow Rateshttps://doi.org/10.21019/9781582121970.ch7 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail PreviousNext Session Activity Recently Viewed Chapter 7: Intravenous Flow Rates William A. Hopkins Recently Searched No search history FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Published: 23 November 2016eISBN: 1-58212-197-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by the American Pharmacists Association. All rights reserved.© 2014 by the American Pharmacists Association. All rights reserved. Publisher American Pharmacists Association HistoryPublished: 23 November 2016 Citation Information (2014), "Chapter 7: Intravenous Flow Rates," Complete Math Review for the Pharmacy Technician, 4th Edition https://doi.org/10.21019/9781582121970.ch7 Loading ...

Topic: Intravenous Infusion Technology and Safety
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Social networks and risk of delayed hospital arrival after acute stroke.

Arriving rapidly to the hospital after a heart attack or stroke is critical for patients to be within time windows for treatment. Prior research in heart attacks has suggested a paradoxical role of the social environment: those who arrive early are surrounded by nonrelatives, while those who arrive late are surrounded by spouses or family members. Here, we used network methods to more deeply examine the influence of social context in stroke. We examined the relationship of personal social networks and arrival time in 175 stroke patients. Our results confirmed the paradox by showing that small and close-knit personal networks of highly familiar contacts, independent of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors, were related to delay. The closed network structure led to constricted information flow in which patients and close confidants, absent outside perspectives, elected to watch-and-wait. Targeting patients with small, close-knit networks may be one strategy to improve response times. PMID: 30872570 Funding information This work was supported by: NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K23 HD083489 NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K23HD083489 NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01NS085419 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 DK046200 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS085419 NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30DK046200 More Less keyboard_arrow_down

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Teacher Perceptions of Factors for Successful Inclusive Early Childhood Education in Hong Kong

In this study the authors aimed to examine the differentiability of 5 factors that preschool teachers may perceive as essential for successful implementation of inclusive education in regular classrooms. The 5 hypothetically influential factors were teamwork, curriculum, school support, government support, and stakeholders’ attitudes. Teachers from half-day kindergarten and full-day childcare centre settings in Hong Kong with varying teaching experience were surveyed ( N = 461). Confirmatory factor analysis defined the 5 distinct factors, all of which displayed high scores ( M s &gt; 4 on a 5-point scale). A 2 (experience: low; high) x 2 (school type: half-day kindergarten; full-day childcare centre settings) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found some subtle group differences. Less experienced teachers found stakeholders’ attitudes to be important, and more so than more experienced teachers, whereas full-day childcare centre teachers found teamwork, curriculum, and stakeholders’ attitudes more important than did half-day kindergarten teachers. The findings imply that whereas all 5 factors are perceived by teachers as important for the success of inclusive education, some factors are of greater concern to teachers working in full-day childcare centres than teachers working in half-day kindergartens. The findings provide advice on how best to allocate limited resources across settings with the intention of promoting inclusive education.

Topic: Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Jung Codex: A Newly Discovered Gnostic Papyrus. Ed. F. L. Cross. Mowbray, London. 1955. 15<i>s</i>.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mild-to-moderate malnutrition and small intestine of young rhesus monkeys.

The effect of severe malnutrition and protein deficiency on small intestine has been documented, but the literature on the effect of mild-to-moderate protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on small intestine is scant. Mild-to-moderate PEM is most prevalent in India. Twenty-four young rhesus monkeys weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Mild-to-moderate PEM was induced in the experimental group by giving half of the required normal diet providing 2.42 g protein.kg-1.day-1 and 55 kcal.kg-1.day-1. Body weight, serum protein, and D-xylose were measured before starting the experiment, at PEM stage, and after rehabilitation. Experimental monkeys representing group I were killed after a 25-30% reduction in body weight along with control group 1 animals at 12 wk. The rest of the experimental animals were rehabilitated for another 10-12 wk and killed along with their respective controls (control group 2). Brush-border membrane vesicles were prepared from three parts of the small intestine. Viable vesicles were used for the uptake of [U-14C]L-proline. Alkaline phosphatase and enterokinase were also measured. Uptake of L-proline amino acid and the activity of both enzymes were found to be decreased significantly in the PEM group; a D-xylose test was abnormal. All animals recovered after rehabilitation. These results indicate that even mild-to-moderate malnutrition affects the absorptive and digestive capacity of the brush border of the small intestine, which reversed back on rehabilitation.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<b>The evolutionary tale of lilies: Giant genomes derived from transposon insertions and polyploidization</b>

<b>Detailed version of the paper "The evolutionary tale of lilies: Giant genomes derived from transposon insertions and polyploidization" published in The Innovation</b><br>

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Clean Streets: Controlling Crime, Maintaining Order and Building Community Activism. by Patrick Carr (New York: New York University Press, 2006, 208pp. £15.50 pb)

Accounts of the first generation of the Chicago School routinely make reference to how the city of Chicago was used as a ‘social laboratory’ by scholars studying interactions between processes of urban change and social order. Through recent large-scale projects, such as the Human Development in Chicago Neighbourhoods (HDCN) and Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) programmes, Chicago continues this tradition of being an important social laboratory for scholars. From the HDCN have emanated a number of important scientific papers concerning the intersections between individual level outcomes and ecological patterns of development. The CAPS programme has demonstrated that community policing, if correctly delivered, can impact upon crime, disorder and fear of crime over a sustained time frame. Patrick Carr’s ethnographic research reported in Clean Streets started as part of a third significant project in Chicago—the Comparative Neighbourhood Study. The significance of Carr’s contribution is that through his extended case-study method, he bridges some of the key findings from HDCN and CAPS to show how the conduct of formal and informal social control is, under certain contemporary conditions, connected. Carr grounds his approach in Albert Hunter’s (1985) earlier conceptual work casting the conduct of social control as intimately connected to the production and maintenance of social order. In developing his approach, Hunter identifies three types of social order: the public—involving regulation of behaviour between co-present strangers; parochial—the mutual regulation of neighbours’ behaviour; and private—how families and intimates regulate each other’s conduct. The strength of Hunter’s framework is that it captures more of the empirical complexity evident in reactions to deviant behaviour than is evident in the more commonly deployed distinction between formal and informal social control.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Temperature dependence of metal-nitride-oxide-silicon currents at constant oxide fields

The steady-state current through the double dielectric of metal-nitride-oxide-silicon capacitors on p-silicon substrate was measured as a function of temperature for several fixed fields in the silicon oxide of a polarity-promoting hole flow from the silicon. It is shown that the availability of empty recipient trap states for holes tunneling from the silicon into the nitride controls the current. The occupancy of these trap states is governed by Frenkel-Poole detrapping at elevated temperatures and by Fowler-Nordheim tunnel emission from the traps at low temperature. Transient charging measurements support this interpretation.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can neuromarketing add value to the traditional marketing research? An exemplary experiment with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Whether neuromarketing methods can add value to marketing research depends on their cost-utility ratio and their ability to offer hidden information that cannot be obtained using other marketing research methods. Due to the limitations of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for real-world situations and its high costs, the aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of a mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Two experiments dealing with brands and labels are used to discuss how and if neuromarketing can enrich marketing research and to what extent existing limitations and challenges can be overcome. In both experiments, differences in prefrontal cortex activity were measured. Thus, it is possible to measure brand- and label-related prefrontal cortex activation using fNIRS. As fNIRS is mobile and allows for experiments outside the laboratory, this considerably expands the field of usage of neuroimaging processes and can therefore decrease the costs of neuroimaging.

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Creatine Deficiency Syndrome

Abstract Creatine deficiency syndromes are congenital metabolic diseases characterized by decreased cerebral creatine levels as a result of disorders in creatine synthesis and transport. Therefore, magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosis. This disease can be explained by congenital disorders occurring in three forms at different stages of the creatine metabolic pathway. Two of disorders arise autosomal recessively in creatine biosynthesis, arginine-glycine amidinotransferase, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase enzyme deficiency. The third disorder occurs as a result of an SLC6A8 variant in the form of creatine carrier protein deficiency. In this article, a patient with SLC6A8 carrier deficiency is presented.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma:a case report with review of literature

Objective:To investigate the clinical pathological features and differential diagnosis of spleen interdigiating dendritic cell sarcoma(IDCS).Methods:A case of IDCS of spleen was analyzed by light microscopy,immunohistochemical staining.Results:The tumor of IDCS located in spleen,and infiltrated liver,died after 4 months.Microscopically,the normal architectures were affaced by proliferation of medium to large spindle-shaped cells with fascicular,storiform or whorled patterns and with less cytoplasm.The mitotic figures was easily found.Immunohistochemical studies showed that the tumor cells was positive for S-100,CD68,Vinentin and LCA,but negative for CD21,CD35,CDla,SMA and Desmin.Conclusion:As a rare tumor,IDCS is often neglected or misdiagnosed.Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy examinations may contribute to the differential diagnosis of IDCS.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The ambiguities of dependence: John L. Dube of Natal

From the age of Bambatha to that of Buthelezi, some of the most dramatic grassroots resistance to white rule in 20th century South Africa has come from Natal as has some of the most ambiguous patterns of leadership. In Natal the contradictions between theory and practice, between the exploitation, expropriation and political suppression of Africans on the one hand, and the ideology of separate development, paternalism and trusteeship on the other, have probably been more blatant than in any other part of South Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. A colony which probably experienced the most concentrated missionary effort in Africa, Natal has also been the scene, for morethan ahundred years, ofthe most sophisticated attempts to rule through 'traditional authorities'. Despite the unification of South African colonies in 1910, the divergent policies which set the framework for colonial rule in each, and the differing economic structures and ways of thought which resulted from the impact of specific administrators, settlers and missionaries on local societies, did not disappear overnight.' Thus, although many of the African national leaders in the twentieth century has come from Natal,2 there has also been a strong tendency on the part of many of these same leaders to hive off and run their own show in the province, where a somewhat different political context 'set the limits within which they operated, amassed influence and acquired power'.3 To look at the interaction of the growing union-wide political economy, the Natal sub-system and African political consciousness is a massive and long-term project. Even in microcosm its complexity was brought home to me in a recent visit to John Dube's 'Zulu Christian Industrial School' established at Ohlangein 190 1.4 Within a stone's throw of Ohlange is the Phoenix settlement where Gandhi started the newspaper, Indian Opinion, while nearby sprawls the dense religious settlement of the Amanazaretha, founded by the prophet Shembe.

Topic: South African History and Culture
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
GUEST EDITORIAL: WHY DO WE STUDY MINDS OF COMPANION ANIMALS?

Many species of animals live together with different animal species.A well-known example is the symbiosis of ants and aphids; weak aphids attract ants by producing nectar to be protected by them from predators.Passerine birds such as Japanese tits, varied tits, and Japanese white-eyes often make mixed groups in the forest, probably because moving in large groups can be safer against predators.Heterospecific mixed groups are often observed among nonhuman primates; for instance, red colobus monkeys, a common victim of wild chimpanzees, make a mixed group with Diana monkeys, who have sophisticated alarm calls against predators.In all these examples, living with other species leads to better adaptation in a practical sense.We humans also live with several different species, but for various purposes.Livestock are bred and kept for power, meat, and milk, and poultry are kept for meat and eggs.Dogs were probably domesticated for hunting and cats for eliminating crop pests.These still remain as practical purposes.What seems unique to humans is that we often keep animals as social partners.The purpose is not to receive practical benefits from them but to obtain psychological wellbeing with them.Dogs are a friend or a family member for most people, though they still work for humans as guide dogs, police dogs, detectors, sheep dogs, search dogs, etc.With increased hygiene, cats these days are no more than lovable pets.Although we keep various other animals of various taxa including invertebrates such as insects and snails as well as many kinds of vertebrates, we form unusual bonds with some of them.They are called companion animals, and are special for humans as shown by the deep grief we feel when we lose these friends.This special issue of Psychologia addresses their minds as targets.Comparative cognitive studies of domesticated animals have greatly increased in number for the last two decades.Years ago, scientists mostly ignored these animals because they are not wild and it was thought that they are not suited for elucidating how animal minds have been shaped by natural selection.However, in fact these "artificial" species are important for knowing what selective pressures have shaped certain mental functions, because we know, at least for some part, the selective pressure on them.They are also important for knowing how flexible animal minds can be if liberated from the time and effort needed to collect food and predation risks.

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Rise of the Bipolar Neighborhood

Abstract Problem: Although planners aim to provide for income diversity in the communities they serve, too little is known about how income distributions in metropolitan neighborhoods are changing. Purpose: We investigate whether neighborhood income diversity has increased since 1970 by examining neighborhoods in the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Methods: We analyze neighborhoods in the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas from 1970 to 2000 using a combination of nominal (H) and ordinal (E) entropy indices. We focus on neighborhoods we call bipolar, (where E/H > 1), in which very low- and very high-income groups predominate. We investigate these with tract-level statistics and by using a counterfactual. Results and conclusions: We find a dramatic increase in the number and incidence of these bipolars since 1970. Compared to other neighborhoods, we find that, on average, bipolars have significantly greater shares of very high-income families, racial diversity, shares of middle-aged persons, and shares of renters. We use a counterfactual to reveal that much of the growth in bipolars over the last three decades has been fueled by income distributions at the metropolitan scale becoming more bimodal, with fewer middle-income families. Gentrification appears to explain only a minor share of growth in bipolars. Takeaway for practice: Metropolitan census tracts with pronounced bimodal income distributions have become more common since 1970. This appears to reflect changing metropolitan income distributions more than spatial rearrangement, although planning policies may be responsible in some instances. Whether residence in bipolar. neighborhoods will benefit very low-income households by reducing stereotyping and expanding social opportunities is unclear, but such places should be monitored.

Topic: Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fig. S12 from Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

&lt;p&gt;PAFR expression was associated with pSrc, pJAK2, pStat3, or IL-6 expression in 90 primary human NSCLC specimens.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Galectins and Cancer Biology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vibeke Riisberg: The red thread from practice to research

This portrait is based on an interview with Vibeke Riisberg, the first textile designer in Denmark to earn a Ph.D., in 2006. In 2007 Riisberg was appointed Associate Professor at Kolding School of Design. The text unfolds some of the various activities in her career from her education at the Art and Craft School in Copenhagen in the 1970s, through her collaboration with industry from a design studio in Paris, to exhibitions of textile art, design and teaching. Parts of the Ph.D. thesis ‘Printed textiles – from analogue to digital processes’ are presented, along with the research project ‘Adjusting daylight and solar heating in office buildings’, which she conducted in collaboration with textile engineer and Associate Professor Joy Boutrup.

Topic: Crafts, Textile, and Design
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Stress/Fatigue Link in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

This paper cites preliminary evidence for the relationship between fatigue and stress in chronic fatigue syndrome. Stress may intensify symptoms of CFS and erode positive mood and affect. A model of the stress/fatigue link in CFS will be presented and a specific coping technique will be described as a tool to interrupt the stress/symptom interaction in CFS.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences