jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A two-stage solution approach to multidimensional periodic scheduling

We present a two-stage solution approach to the multidimensional periodic scheduling (MPS) problem. This problem originates from the design of high-throughput digital-signal-processor systems, where highly parallel execution of loops is of utmost importance. We introduce the concept of multidimensional periodic operations in order to cope with problems originating from loop hierarchies and explicit timing requirements. In the first stage of the approach, we assign periods to the multidimensional periodic operations such that storage costs are minimized. This is done by means of branch-and-bound, based on a linear programming and constraint-generation technique. In the second stage, we assign start times to the operations and determine on which processing units (PUs) they are executed. This is done by means of an iterative approach. The two major subproblems of MPS concerning checking data dependency constraints and PU constraints are solved by means of an all-integer integer-linear-programming technique. This technique is used as a subroutine in the above two stages. The effectiveness and efficiency of the approach are good, which is illustrated by means of some practical examples

Topic: Real-Time Systems Scheduling
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Arterio-veinous malformations located within the occipito-cerebello-mesencephalic dihedral (author's transl)].

About 4 cases of arterio-veinous malformations located within the occipito-cerebello-mesencephalic dihedral (which is this region of the brain including the cistern of Galen and the surrounding formations : the quadrigeminal bodies forwards, the splenium of the corpus callosum upwards, the upper face of the cerebellum and the pedonculus cerebellaris superior below) the authors related their own experience. These 4 cases are detailed from a clinical point of view. Them, a synthetic study is undertaken in which a comparison is done between the literature and the clinical features encountered : headache, sub-archnoid hemorrhage, impairment of consciousness, clinical features such as cranial nerve impairment, nystagmus motor impairment, cerebellar deficit, hydrocephaly. The value of angiography, ventriculography and CAT is discussed. All these patients have been operated upon as far as the authors think that a better chance can thus be offered to them. The choice of the technique is discussed. For one patient, the sub-temporal route was performed ; but it seems worth using the posterior inter-occipital route : this allows a better view on the lesion and an easier treatment of the malformation. These 4 patients suffered post operatively of a visual defect. The control angiography revealed no more arterio-venious malformation in two patients, a mild one in two others.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Standardization of protocol for in vitro multiplication of bougainvillea

Bougainvillea is commonly propagated by hardwood cuttings but this method is tedious and time consuming. Moreover, there are certain varieties where the rooting percentage is very low. For easy, quick and mass multiplication of such cultivars, tissue culture technique can be put to use. Tissue culture has been proved to be useful for successful multiplication in case of number of vegetatively propagated shrubs. Present investigation was carried out in order to standardize a protocol for in vitro multiplication of bougainvillea cultivar Mahara through axillary bud induction of nodal explants. Shoot tips and nodal sections with axillary buds were excised, surface-sterilized and then cultured on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators. Pre-treatment agitation of explants in Carbendazim (0.2%) + Diathane M-45 (0.2%) + 8-HQC (200 mg/l) for 2 hr followed by quick dip in ethyl alcohol (70%; v/v) for 30 sec and surface sterilization with HgCl2 (0.1%) for 5 min was found to be most effective in culture initiation with only 16.48% microbial contamination. For culture establishment, MS medium supplemented with BAP (5mg/L)+ NAA (0.5mg/l) was found to be the best with highest percentage of culture establishment (100%) and the fastest bud sprout (4.50 days). MS medium supplemented with BAP (5.0 mg/l)+ NAA (1.0mg/l) and GA3 (0.5 mg/l) gave the highest shoot proliferation. The best treatment for micro-shoot elongation was MS medium was supplemented with 1.5 mg/l GA3 which gave the highest elongation (2.34 cm). Highest in vitro rooting (70.52%) of micro-shoots was observed in the treatment where, half-strength MS medium was supplemented with IBA (1.0 mg/l)+ NAA (1.0 mg/l). Hardening of in vitro propagated plants of bougainvillea rooted plantlets was done for 21 days in glass jars filled with agro peat medium {A mixture of soilrite (1) + coco peat (1) + perlite (1)} supplemented with 1/2 strength liquid inorganic MS medium and covered with polypropylene lids. The hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the glasshouse after a short period of in vitro acclimatization.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Motivating Operations in Drug-Discrimination

Motivating operations (MO) play an important role in learning and performance. According to the behavior analytic conceptualization, MOs alter the probability of responses that lead to relevant reinforcers and alter the reinforcing “value” of those reinforcers (e.g., Michael, 1982, 1993). Recent research suggests that one way in which MOs influence stimulus control is by influencing the control of behavior by discriminative stimuli. Interestingly, in studies with nonhumans, such an effect is commonly observed when lights and tones are used as discriminative stimuli, but not when drugs are used. Procedural differences across studies involving the species studied, the measurement system used to quantify performance, and the manner in which MOs were manipulated, may account for the discordant results. The present research evaluated this possibility in a series of three experiments. Results of these experiments suggest that the discrepant results obtained in previous studies were not due to the measurement system, testing procedure, or the species used. The manner in which MOs are manipulated may, however, play a role, and it appears that such variables affect stimulus control only when motivation is increased relative to the baseline condition.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Poly- <i>N</i> -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their <i>In Vivo</i> Proinflammatory Effect

ABSTRACT Poly- N -acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a major component of the Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm extracellular matrix. However, it is not yet clear how this polysaccharide impacts the host immune response and infection-associated pathology. Faster neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance were observed in mice challenged intraperitoneally with S. epidermidis biofilm cells of the PNAG-producing 9142 strain than in mice similarly challenged with the isogenic PNAG-defective M10 mutant. Moreover, intraperitoneal priming with 9142 cells exacerbated liver inflammatory pathology induced by a subsequent intravenous S. epidermidis challenge, compared to priming with M10 cells. The 9142-primed mice had elevated splenic CD4 + T cells producing gamma interferon and interleukin-17A, indicating that PNAG promoted cell-mediated immunity. Curiously, despite having more marked liver tissue pathology, 9142-primed mice also had splenic T regulatory cells with greater suppressive activity than those of their M10-primed counterparts. By showing that PNAG production by S. epidermidis biofilm cells exacerbates host inflammatory pathology, these results together suggest that this polysaccharide contributes to the clinical features associated with biofilm-derived infections.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Many Ways to Communicate—Crosstalk between the HBV-Infected Cell and Its Environment

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects an estimated 257 million people worldwide and can lead to liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral replication is generally considered not to be cytopathic, and although some HBV proteins may have direct carcinogenic effects, the majority of HBV infection-related disease is related to chronic inflammation resulting from disrupted antiviral responses and aberrant innate immune reactions. Like all cells, healthy and HBV-infected cells communicate with each other, as well as with other cell types, such as innate and adaptive immune cells. They do so by both interacting directly and by secreting factors into their environment. Such factors may be small molecules, such as metabolites, single viral proteins or host proteins, but can also be more complex, such as virions, protein complexes, and extracellular vesicles. The latter are small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that are exchanged between cells, and have recently gained a lot of attention for their potential to mediate complex communication and their potential for therapeutic repurposing. Here, we review how HBV infection affects the communication between HBV-infected cells and cells in their environment. We discuss the impact of these interactions on viral persistence in chronic infection, as well as their relation to HBV infection-related pathology.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radio astronomy transformed: Aperture arrays &amp;#x2014; Past, present and future

Aperture Arrays have played a major role in radio astronomy since the field emerged from the results of long-distance communication tests performed by Karl Jansky in the early 1930's. The roots of this technology extend back beyond Marconi, although the first electronically scanned instrument only appeared in the run-up to World War II. After the war, phased arrays had a major impact in many walks of life, including astronomy and astrophysics. Major progress was made in understanding the nature of the radio sky, including the discovery of Pulsars. Despite these early successes, parabolic dishes largely replaced aperture arrays through the 1960's, and right up until the end of the 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> century. Technological advances in areas such as signal processing, digital electronics, low-power/high performance super-computing and large capacity data storage systems have recently led to a substantial revival in the use of aperture arrays - especially at frequencies below 300 MHz. Composed of simple antennas with commercially available low-noise room-temperature amplifiers, aperture arrays with huge collecting areas can be synthesized at relatively low cost. Multiple beams (or multiple fields-of-view) can be rapidly formed and electronically steered across the sky. As astronomers begin to grapple with these new possibilities, the next goal is to see these systems move to higher GHz frequencies. Aperture Arrays operating at frequencies of up to 1.7 GHz are expected to form a substantial part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).

Topic: Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Retrofit Architecture for Model-Based Adaptive Flight Control

The paper presents an adaptive control framework that is integrated with the production control system of an in-service aircraft. The purpose is to maximize performance and safety for unexpected changes in the dynamics caused by flight control failures, damage, and adverse environmental conditions such as icing. Neural networks are developed from available high fidelity simulation and flight data to encode the dynamics of the nominal closed loop system. A structure learning modeling algorithm is used to address the model selection problem (terms and coefficients) of these neural network function approximators. A constrained parameter identification algorithm provides on-line model corrections that account for uncertainties or changes in the current aircraft dynamics, and the updated estimates are enlisted in a receding horizon optimal controller to provide increments to pilot commands. The increments from the adaptive control law serve to reduce tracking error given the current closed-loop characteristics of the aircraft. A key benefit of the approach is that the adaptation is only significant if the aircraft behavior differs appreciably from the intended closed-loop flying qualities. Furthermore, the control law reconfiguration is included through the control input paths and preserves the structural filters, mode logic, and custom performance and safety software of the original digital flight control system. The retrofit system was integrated with the production F/A-18 control augmentation system, and piloted simulations of inflight refueling, target tracking, and general maneuvering with unforeseen failures to primary aerodynamic control surfaces were performed by US Navy and Boeing pilots. The retrofit software is also implemented in the US Navy fleet support flight control computer, and, in general, real-time hardware in the loop test results support the findings of batch simulation and software-only piloted simulations. The retrofit reconfiguration architecture is summarized; the enabling neural network modeling and system identification methods are discussed, and an overview of the model-based control law is given. F/A-18 piloted simulations and hardware in the loop test results are provided to show the reconfiguration benefits of the method and to substantiate the claim of practical usefulness for fleet aircraft, respectively.

Topic: Aerospace and Aviation Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

Obesity pharmacotherapy has evolved significantly over the past 60 years. Today, four anti-obesity medications (AOMs) are approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the long-term treatment of obesity. Similar in approach to other chronic diseases, AOMs are indicated in combination with lifestyle modification for the management of overweight and obesity. Current guidelines recommend that individuals who have implemented lifestyle improvements for at least 6 months and have a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥ 27 kg/m2 with an obesity-related comorbidity are eligible for weight loss medication treatment. The AOMs reviewed in this chapter include the FDA-approved medicines for chronic weight management, FDA-approved medicines for short-term use of weight management, and off-label use of medicines that have demonstrated benefits for weight control.For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG .

Topic: Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Study to Predict the Retention Times of Some Volatile Compounds in Rosé Wines

AbstractAbstractIn this work, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for prediction of retention time (RT) of 47 volatile compounds in rosé wines on the basis of their molecular structures were developed by applying multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). A Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm trained feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was employed. The data were randomly divided into 29 training and 9 validation sets. For comparison purpose, multiple linear regression (MLR) model of the same data was developed. Cross-validation was used to validate the QSPR models. Also, the application of the models for prediction of external set’s retention times of compounds without any contribution to model development steps was another validation process. The MLR model yielded marginally acceptable statistics with test correlation R2 = 0.993 and mean squared error (MSE) = 0.0075. Not surprisingly, the ANN model was significantly more accurate with test correlation R2 = 0.995 and mean squared error (MSE) = 0.00013.Key words: Quantitative structure-property relationshipretention timemultiple linear regressionartificial neural networkView correction statement:Corrigendum

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
AI in Indian healthcare: From roadmap to reality

India's vast and diverse population strains its healthcare system. Amidst these complexities, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a beacon of hope. This transformative technology promises to revolutionize healthcare, starting with early disease detection and accurate diagnoses. AI, driven by vast medical data, paints a deeper picture of individual health. By analyzing health patterns, it can detect hidden cancers and tuberculosis early, saving lives through proactive treatment. AI's power extends beyond individual diagnoses. It can scan populations, identifying risk factors and predicting outbreaks before they erupt. This foresight allows for targeted resource allocation and preventive measures, mitigating outbreak impact. AI can even personalize healthcare, shaping treatment plans based on a patient's unique lifestyle and medical history. This maximizes treatment efficacy, minimizes adverse reactions, and improves patient’s well-being. Imagine AI as a trusted medical advisor, suggesting the most effective treatment options for each individual. However, AI's promise comes with challenges. Data privacy, reliable infrastructure, and biased algorithms need effective solutions. India, with its strong tech ecosystem and commitment to innovation, is well-positioned to tackle these challenges. By investing in AI research, strengthening data infrastructure, and establishing ethical frameworks, India can unlock AI's immense potential to revolutionize its healthcare landscape. This will be a dividend for millions, ensuring India's healthcare system transforms with the brushstrokes of AI, leading to a healthier and more affordable future for all.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Arabic Dialect Identification based on a Weighted Concatenation of TF-IDF Features

In this paper, we analyze the impact of the weighted concatenation of TF-IDF features for the Arabic Dialect Identification task while we participated in the NADI2021 shared task. This study is performed for two subtasks: subtask 1.1 (country-level MSA) and subtask 1.2 (country-level DA) identification. The classifiers supporting our comparative study are Linear Support Vector Classification (LSVC), Linear Regression (LR), Perceptron, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Passive Aggressive (PA), Complement Naive Bayes (CNB), MutliLayer Perceptron (MLP), and RidgeClassifier. In the evaluation phase, our system gives F1 scores of 14.87% and 21.49%, for country-level MSA and DA identification respectively, which is very close to the average F1 scores achieved by the submitted systems and recorded for both subtasks (18.70% and 24.23%).

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neutron Irradiation Damage in a Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloy

A 6061 aluminum alloy target sleeve from the high flux isotope reactor, originally in a precipitation-hardened condition, was examined for neutron radiation damage after exposure to a maximum fast fluence of 9.2 × 1022 n/cm2 (E &amp;gt; 0.1 MeV) and a thermal fluence of 1.38 × 1023 n/cm2 at 60 C (140 F). Voids and a transmutation-produced silicon precipitate were found to cause about 1.1 percent internal swelling; a surface oxide scale contributed additional swelling. Irradiation-induced strength increases were measured at test temperatures in the range 25 to 200 C (77 to 392 F) and are accounted for in terms of the observed silicon precipitate and an associated dislocation structure. There was also a loss of ductility that was most severe at 200 C. The fracture mode appeared to remain transgranular over the range of test temperatures.

Topic: Fusion materials and technologies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functional Polarization in Retinal Development and Its Reestablishment in Regenerating Retinae of Rotated Grafted Eyes.

The retina of adult salamander eyes always degenerates and is replaced by regeneration from surviving peripheral cells when the eye is grafted,, , even repeatedly, or when its blood supply is temporarily interrupted. If the optic nerve is cut without interfering with the blood supply the retina survives and the nerve immediately regenerates. This offers unusual opportunity to test the functional quadrants of the retina. When Sperry first reported reversed visoumotor responses in salamanders after optic nerve regeneration in eyes rotated in situ, I examined the effects of various types of rotation on vision in 100 grafted adult Triturus viridescens eyes in which a new functioning retina could be tested. Normal visuomotor responses in salamanders are demonstrated when the animal moves toward, snaps at and follows a lure approaching any of the 4 quadrants in the field of vision. The animal also automatically moves head and body In the same direction with a rotating black and white drum only if it passes posteroanteriorly through the field of vision of an eye, , (clockwise for a left eye and counterclockwise for a right eye). These compensatory movements are not elicited when the drum moves anteroposteriorly through the vision field of either eye. The right or left eye was roated 180° in situ and fixed in place after cutting conjunctival and muscular attachments. The optic nerve and blood supply was left intact to preserve the original retina. The results were the same as in similar experiments by Sperry. All quardrants of the original intact retina were functionally reversed. After removing the normal eye on the opposite side the animals tended to swim and walk in circles toward the eyeless side.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Linked collectors and determiners for: Herbarium specimens of Herbiers Universitaires de Clermont-Ferrand (CLF).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Herbarium specimens of Herbiers Universitaires de Clermont-Ferrand (CLF)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/def8d066-e920-42d6-bb67-dfca6980c7f3 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/def8d066-e920-42d6-bb67-dfca6980c7f3. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences