jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with a Spike Glycoprotein Epitope

Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was recognized in late 2019 and has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic with unprecedented health and financial consequences. There remains an enormous demand for new diagnostic methods that can deliver fast, low-cost, and easy-to-use confirmation of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have developed an affordable electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of serological immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in sera against the spike protein. Materials and Methods: A previously identified linear B-cell epitope (EP) specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and recognized by IgG in patient sera was selected for the target molecule. After synthesis, the EP was immobilized onto the surface of the working electrode of a commercially available screen-printed electrode (SPE). The capture of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs allowed the formation of an immunocomplex that was measured by square-wave voltammetry from its generation of hydroquinone (HQ). Results: An evaluation of the performance of the EP-based biosensor presented a selectivity and specificity for COVID-19 of 93% and 100%, respectively. No cross-reaction was observed to antibodies against other diseases that included Chagas disease, Chikungunya, Leishmaniosis, and Dengue. Differentiation of infected and non-infected individuals was possible even at a high dilution factor that decreased the required sample volumes to a few microliters. Conclusion: The final device proved suitable for diagnosing COVID-19 by assaying actual serum samples, and the results displayed good agreement with the molecular biology diagnoses. The flexibility to conjugate other EPs to SPEs suggests that this technology could be rapidly adapted to diagnose new variants of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
1,3,4,6,7,9-Hexabromo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1<i>H</i>-trindene

Each of the six Br atoms in the title compound, C15H12Br6, connects to an α-C atom; a pair of adjacent Br atoms connecting to the same five-membered ring extends to one side of the mol­ecular framework and the other two pairs to the other side. The β-C atoms extend in the opposite direction with respect to the pairs of Br atoms.

Topic: Crystal structures of chemical compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
‘“Loving hearts” and “brave ones”: slavery, family, and the problem of freedom in antebellum America’

This essay argues that formerly enslaved people participated in antebellum conversations about slavery and freedom, defining both in terms of the liberty and integrity of families. While liberal republican ideology insisted that an unquenchable love of liberty would lead worthy men to rise up and claim their freedom, ex-slave narratives insisted that deserving black men and women might sacrifice personal liberty in the name of family values. Nineteenth-century political theory commonly associated freedom with 'autonomous, self-directed individuals.' Black Americans, however, suggested a collective, contingent version of liberal republicanism which reflected their own ethics, brought together the intellectual and emotional foundations of anti-slavery thought, and made abolitionism especially meaningful to a growing middle class that increasingly valorized sentimental conceptions of family.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Structured platform for multiple virtual machines

As processors that are used in embedded systems become increasingly more powerful, a variety of functions, including multimedia, games and the proper system-operating function, are added to the systems. Despite the fact that embedded systems are becoming increasingly more powerful, system resources remain limited, and system functionalities are being developed in the form of applications running on the middleware such as virtual machines, or in the form of embedded systems' applications. An example of this is virtual machines (VM's) that are in the form of applications in embedded systems. This paper aims to design and implement a structured platform for MVM's (multi-VM's) that enables the middleware and system applications, such as the VM's to manage the system resources and easily share the common functions amongst them.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications Following Mandibular Fracture Repair

Complications following mandibular fracture repair (MFR) may carry significant morbidity to patients. The purpose of our study is to determine the risk factors for postoperative complications following MFR. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of trauma patients who underwent MFR in 2018 and 2019. Excluded were patients below 18 years old and those with postoperative follow-up &lt;2 weeks. The primary outcome was the incidence of major and minor postoperative complications following MFR. Of n=275 patients included, mean (SD) age was 35 (14) years and median (IQR) follow up was 49 (26–117) days. Most patients [n=208 (76%)] underwent both maxillomandibular/intermaxillary fixation (MMF/IMF) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The incidence of major postoperative complications was 19% (n=51) including malunion [n=8 (2.9%)], malocclusion [n=21 (7.6%)], and unplanned reoperation [n=26 (9.5%)]. The incidence of minor postoperative complications was 61% (n=167). Alcohol use at the time of surgery and greater MISS score were associated with greater odds of major complications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 95% CI: 3.4 (1.2–9.0), 1.09 (1.02–1.160), respectively]. Smoking at the time of surgery and moderately (&gt;2 mm) and severely displaced fractures (&gt;4 mm) were associated with greater odds of minor complications [aOR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.04–4.2), 2.7 (1.2–6.4), 2.7 (1.1–6.6), respectively]. Alcohol use, smoking, greater MISS score, and displaced fractures &gt;2 mm were significant risk factors for postoperative complications following MFR. Our findings can help guide informed decision making and surgical planning in patients with mandibular fractures.

Topic: Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Efficacy of Variable Intense-Pulsed Light (VPL) Treatment of Striae Distensae: a new phototherapeutic approach

Background. Stretch marks or btriae distensae are cosmetically displeasing to many patients. Although stretch marks are very common, satisfactory therapetitic intervention has been disappointing. Objective. To assess gross and microscopical chi~ngcs that occur in striae dis~ensae treated with variable pulsed light (VPL). Patients &amp;amp; Methods. The study included twenty patients with striae. Ten sessions of double-pass VPL were performed in each of the patients once weekly. Ski11 biopsies, before and after treatment, were taken. Data concerning the morphological featured included measuring of the length and width of each of the treated striae. For statisti~al analysis paired &amp;quot;I &amp;quot; test was used. Results. Patients showed clinical and microscopical improvement. The &amp;quot;t &amp;quot; test showed statistically significant differences in the post treatment length and width of treated striae (P&amp;lt;0.01). Microscopically, post-treatment epidzrinal and dermal thickness demonstrated statistically signiiizan ~ differences (P&amp;lt;0.05, P&amp;lt;0.01 respectively). Conclusion. Striae distensae improved clinically and microscopically after VP12 treatment. It seems to be a promising therapeutic option for this cornluoli problem. Stretch marks or striae distensae are cosmetically displeasirig to many patients. Clinically, in early stages, stretch marks are flat

Topic: Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supratentorial neuroectodermal tumor in a 4 years old child presented with intratumoral hemorrhage

Brain tumors represent the most frequent solid malignancy in children and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric population. Supratentorial neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) represents one of the most aggressive brain tumors at this age. Incidence of S-PNET is 2-3% of all brain tumors in children, but reaches up to 20% of brain tumors in 0 - 3 years old children. Although in the last years the outcome has improved, the prognosis remains dismal. We choose to present the case of a 4 years old child who was at presentation in a comatose state (GCS 4 points) with anisocoria (right pupil was mydriatic). The performed head CT-scan showed a right fronto-parietal tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage, maximal dimensions of 52/75/70 mm and a midline shift of 15 mm. The surgery was performed in emergency and we made a gross total resection. Immediate postoperative CT-scan confirmed the total resection. The histopathological diagnosis was S-PNET, this result being confirmed by immunochemistry. After neuromotor rehabilitation, at the 4 month follow-up visit the GOS was MD. The patient was also referred to the oncologist and was made chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the entire craniospinal axis. The tumor showed no signs of recurrence during 12 months of follow-up.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radar imaging of fractures and voids behind the walls of an underground mine

Two- and three-dimensional rock-penetrating-radar data were acquired on the wall of a pillar in an underground limestone mine. The objective was to test the ability of radar to image fractures and karst voids and to characterize their geometry, aperture, and fluid content, with the goal of mitigating mining hazards. Strong radar reflections in the field data correlate with fractures and a cave exposed on the pillar walls. Large pillar wall topography was included in the steep-dip Kirchhoff migration algorithm because standard elevation corrections are inaccurate. The depth-migrated 250 MHz radar images illuminate fractures, karst voids, and the far wall of the pillar up to approximately 25 m depth into the rock, with a spatial resolution of &lt;0.5 m. Higher frequency radar improved the image resolution and aided in the interpretation, but at the cost of shallower depth of penetration and extra acquisition effort. Due to the strong contrast in physical properties between the rock and the fracture fluid, fractures with apertures as thin as a 50th of a radar wavelength were imaged. Water-filled fractures with mm-scale aperture and air-filled fractures with cm-scale apertures produce strong reflections at 250 MHz. A strong variation in the reflection amplitude along each fracture is interpreted to represent the variable fracture aperture and the nonplanar fracture structure. Fracture apertures were quantitatively measured, but distinguishing water from air-filled fractures was not possible due to the complex radar wavelet and fracture geometry. Two conjugate fracture sets were imaged. One of these fracture sets dominates the rock mass stability and water inrush challenges throughout the mine. All of the detected voids and a large cave are at the intersection of two fractures, indicating preferential water flow and dissolution along conjugate fracture intersections. Detecting, locating, and characterizing fractures and voids prior to excavation can enable miners to mitigate potential collapse and flood hazards before they occur.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH0900793.10FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract IA06: Discovery of a first-in-class ERK 1,2 inhibitor

Abstract The RAS /RAF /MEK / ERK signal transduction pathway is frequently activated in several human cancers, due to a gain of function mutations in KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF. Because of the high frequency of activating mutations, this pathway has become a focus for targeted therapy. A wide spectrum of MEK and RAF inhibitors have been developed to inhibit components of the pathway. Vemurafenib and dabrafenib, selective BRAF inhibitors, and trametinib, an allosteric MEK inhibitor, have shown clinical efficacy in melanoma patients. However, the majority of responses to RAF inhibitors are transient and acquired resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation involving the downstream extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Pathway blockade at ERK, the last signaling node prior to MAPK transcriptional programming, may not only be efficacious in MAPK-activated tumors but might also have utility in RAF or MEK inhibitor resistant settings. This abstract describes the identification and characterization of SCH772984, a potent and selective ATP competitive inhibitor of ERK1/2 which displays behaviors of both type I and type II kinase inhibitors. SCH772984 has nanomolar cellular potency on tumor cells with mutations in RAF, NRAS, or KRAS and induces tumor regressions in xenograft models at tolerated doses. SCH772984 effectively inhibited MAPK signaling and cell proliferation in RAF or MEK inhibitor resistant models as well as in the context of RAF/MEK combination resistance. Together these data support the clinical development of ERK inhibitors, not only in patients with MAPK activated tumors, but also in patients who have developed acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors or resistance to the recently described combination of these agents. Strategies to overcome acquired resistance to pathway inhibitors will be also described. Citation Format: Ahmed A. Samatar. Discovery of a first-in-class ERK 1,2 inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-IA06

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Medical termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: the patient's point of view].

The women were very much in need of expressing their sorrow very soon after the event. Team work and lack of rigidity in care taking enhances the expression of individual resources, both by the medical team and the patients. Three points were highlighted by the patients.--the desire to participate in the decision making;--the importance of in-depth information on technical aspects of the procedure;--initial new breaking is recognized as a major trauma.

Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Left Branch Extraction in Fragment and Truncated Cleft Constructions of Korean

This paper investigates into fragment and truncated cleft (or subjectless copular verb clause) constructions in Korean by employing the alleged diagnostics of left branch extraction (LBE). We argue that LBE in these two constructions provide compelling evidence that the fragment expression in the former is derived from Move and Delete, but the fragment-like expression in the latter is simply a base-generated predicate that takes the covert subject pro as its subject. To support this argument, we also used other syntactic tests such as tense realization, predication, and the structural restriction on fragmenting/stripping.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UROBILINOGEN IN URINE AND HUMAN BODY WEIGHT

The objective of this study was to correlate normal body weight and urobilinogen in urine. Urobilinogen is produced when bilirubin is reduced.Urobilinogen is found in urine normally, when urine is not containing even in less amount or no urobilinogen, this shows that functioning of liver is out of order.Liver diseases may include hepatitis and cirrhosis. Urinalysis is performed to estimate the quantity of urobilinogen in urine. It is helpful for the physician to diagnose the condition of liver and kidneys of the patient.Physicians helps patient to maintain the body mass index of an individual. By using different drugs, weight can be gained or lost.We asked the subjects to collect urine in a container and then analyzed via dipstick method. This study was based on the questionnaire and we asked the questions about their body weight and also asked them about their urinalysis. After measuring all the parameters of urinalysis, we correlated with the body weight to testify the effect of body weight on urobilinogen in urine and vice versa. In this study, we wanted to relate the normal body weight and urobilinogen in urine, scientifically. In both the cases of male and female, people with their body weight 50-60 kilograms have urobilinogen in their urine. It is observed that people have their body weight in the range of 50-60 kilograms have urobilinogen in their urine. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between body weight and urobilinogen in urine.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Free vibration analysis of delaminated beam with two surface cracks

In the modern world, there is an increase demand in the usage of beams in the engineering industry. Compsite beam are mainly used in the manufacturing of aerospace, marine and civil structure and machinery because of their exceptional mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe formation of defects such as delamination and crack can adversely reduce the mechanical properties and this in turn can lead to catastrophic failure if such defects are not detected promptly. There have been several researches that revolve solely around the dynamic effects of delamination of beams, or the dynamic effects of cracks on beams. But there is a lack of researches into the dynamic effects of cracks in addition to the delamination of beam.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn this report, the author presents analytical solutions to the dynamic effects of cracks in addition to delamination in beams. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory has been adopted together with the “Free Mode” model to study the free vibration of delaminated beam with cracks. Analytical solution has been carried out on the effects of in 3 possible scenarios with a delaminated beam with symmetrical cracks. Several parameters such as the depth of crack with respect to the delamination length and the location of the cracks with respect to the length of the delamination are investigated to provide insights into the effects on the mechanical properties of the beams. Comparative studies on this 3 scenario reveal that there is a sizable difference in the behaviour of the natural frequencies of the delaminated beam. By and large, the study reveals that the existence of cracks will amplify the unfavourable effects of delamination on the beams. The natural frequency will decrease which imply that the stiffness of the beam will decrease. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe results and discussions can serve as a point of reference for future researches and as well as development of other numerical solution.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Isospin dependent kaon and antikaon optical potentials in dense hadronic matter

Isospin effects on the optical potentials of kaons and antikaons in dense hadronic matter are investigated using a chiral SU(3) model. These effects are important for asymmetric heavy ion collision experiments. In the present work the dispersion relations are derived for kaons and antikaons, compatible with the low energy scattering data, within our model approach. The relations result from the kaonic interactions with the nucleons, vector mesons and scalar mesons in the asymmetric nuclear matter. The isospin asymmetry effects arising from the interactions with the vector-isovector $ρ$- meson as well as the scalar isovector $δ$ mesons are considered. The density dependence of the isospin asymmetry is seen to be appreciable for the kaon and antikaon optical potentials. This can be particularly relevant for the future accelerator facility FAIR at GSI, where experiments using neutron rich beams are planned to be used in the study of compressed baryonic matter.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Spatial Transferability of a Decompositional Multiattribute Preference Model

An empirical test is made of the spatial transferability of a decompositional multiattribute preference model, in the context of spatial shopping behaviour. The model which is estimated for the city of Maastricht is used to predict shopping patterns in a part of the city of Eindhoven. The results indicate that the goodness of fit of the model reduces only slightly. This supports the assumption that decompositional preference models may be used to uncover utility or preference functions which are independent of spatial structure.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
British girls' comics: An interview with Wilf Prigmore

Abstract Writer and editor Wilf Prigmore worked at Fleetway/IPC in the 1970s. He was group editor for Girls' Adventure Comics, co-creator of Misty (1978–80) and editor of Tammy (1971–84), amongst many other roles. The following interview is taken from conversations with Wilf by telephone, e-mail and in person, between November 2016 and December 2019.

Topic: Comics and Graphic Narratives
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences