jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Status of Asthma Control and Asthma Prescribing Practices in the United States: Results of a Large Prospective Asthma Control Survey of Primary Care Practices

Control of asthma symptoms is, unfortunately, not a reality for many people with asthma. Asthma control is an ongoing challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute published its Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in 1997, but the extent of implementation of recommendations in physician's practices remains to be determined. We sought to determine if a systematic implementation of the NAEPP practice guidelines would impact physician's treatment decisions for patients with asthma. The Asthma Care Network is a large, national, point-of-care program developed to assist health care providers in the assessment and management of their patients with asthma. Outcome measurements for the program included level of asthma control, activity limitation, sleep disruption, use of rescue medications, use of controller medications, and urgent care services. A total of 4,901 primary care physicians at 2,876 practice sites enrolled more than 60,000 patients. Nearly three fourths of patients reported symptoms consistent with a lack of asthma control (mean 74%, range 69-81%). Approximately 68% of pediatric patients and 78% of adult patients reported limited activities due to asthma in the past week. Sixty-two percent of pediatric patients and 68% of adult patients reported more than two symptomatic days in the past week. Approximately 40% of the patients surveyed were not using controller therapy. The overall percentage of patients reporting uncontrolled asthma who were prescribed a controller medication increased from 60% to 81%, and the use of inhaled corticosteroids containing medications among these patients increased by 52%. As a result of the assessment of the patients' level of asthma control during the office visit, physicians changed their patterns of prescribing controller therapy in patients with uncontrolled asthma.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantum Theory of DNA

Inspired by Ikemura conjecture about electron transfer in DNA playing an important role in information exchanges, the field theoretical approach is applied to π-electrons and phonons inside DNA. Under some approximations, three-dimensional string action is derived. The DNA string model is applied to formulate the three phenomena – luminescence quenching, eletric current through DNA and absorption of light.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Status Of South Sudan’s Peace Agreement Outputs Enabling Disarmament, Demobilisation And Reintegration

Security Sector Reforms (SSRs) are at the centre of post-conflict reconstruction, and they have been marked as an integral pillar of a reconstruction strategy, which demands a holistic approach to prevent the state from relapsing into armed conflict.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 27439

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus<br>Common name(s): Rice<br>Other names: PULUT TOMENE<br>Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines<br>Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 27439<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1974-10-23<br>Other identifiers: n/a,331934<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Art. 15 collection

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stimulative Effect of Certain Specific Bacteria upon Mycelial Growth and Fruit Body Formation of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing

By spraying Bacillus Psilocybe 1, mycelial density and total production of the fruit bodies in Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. were increased and initiation of the fruiting became earlier.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Generation of Evidence in Medicine

Abstract Federal mandates for comparative effectiveness research enacted during the 2000's are intended to increase the kind of high-quality evidence that doctors and patients need for optimal clinical decision-making. Within the hierarchy of research designs, experimental designs—clinical trials— outweigh non-experimental designs in the ability to provide least-biased estimates that an intervention is likely to provide clinical benefit. Because of steady advances in the methods of clinical trials, we know how to generate high-quality evidence. Yet contemporary medical practice rests on a foundation of shaky scientific evidence. Many clinically-important questions go unstudied, and when they are addressed, research findings are often of dubious validity because weak study designs were used. The utility of syntheses of multiple studies addressing the same clinical question is undermined by variability in the methods and quality across individual studies. Additional funding for comparative effectiveness research will solve some of these problems, but not all.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Screening a human population sample for DNA repair gene deficiencies utilizing the protein truncation test

A significant fraction of human cancers are thought to have a genetic component and several lines of evidence suggest that deficiencies in DNA repair may be a contributing factor. Little is known, however, about the frequency and distribution of variants of DNA repair genes in the general human population. The protein truncation test (PTT) was used to screen 136 healthy volunteers for protein-truncating variants of 10 DNA repair genes: APE, CDK7, ERCC1, WAF1, HOGG1, MGMT, POLB, UNG, HAAG, and CCNH. This sample consisted of 41males (30%) and 95 females (70%) with an average age of 25.3 years, ranging from 17 to 60 years of age. No truncating mutations were found in the 10 genes examined in any of the subjects. The 95% confidence interval for a proportion of 0 over the 272 alleles examined per locus is 0-0.01. The calculated frequency of truncating mutations in each of these genes, among the general population, is thus less than 1%. Among the 10 genes tested in 136 people, a single sample had no PCR product for HAAG, even though PCR products were obtained on all other genes. Total RNA dot hybridization confirmed the presence of HAAG mRNA transcripts in this sample. Despite identification of this single DNA repair variant, these results indicate a low frequency of truncating mutations in DNA repair genes in the general population.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Target costing in a developing economy: Croatia's case

As research shows, 90?95% of the total costs of products are being incurred in the design phase of the product life cycle. Due to this, there has been systems developed with which companies are managing the costs of future products. Target costing is one of the methods that is ensuring adequate planning, placing the success of future products, before they are placed on the market. In order to satisfy the above criteria, this article examines Croatian companies; how they developed methods similar to target costing in order to manage future costs.

Topic: Operations Management Techniques
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
British and Irish Wild Flowers and Plants

A highly illustrated and portable identification guide to the most common wild flowers and other plants This innovative photographic guide covers the most common wild flowers and other plants found in Britain and Ireland, as defined by the very latest distribution maps. It is designed so that anyone faced with an unfamiliar wild plant can confidently put a name to the species or recognise that it is a less common plant needing further investigation. The identification process is based on standard botanical features that are straightforwardly described, clearly illustrated and supported by a simple visual key to families. This book can be your springboard into the wider world of botanical identification, wherever you are, and of plants both common and rare. Covers the plants most likely to be seen, including those in coastal areas Includes more than 3,800 colour photographs, with macro images of key features when needed Features a friendly, easy-to-use design and text written in plain English, with essential botanical terms described and illustrated

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RED PALM OLEIN OLEOGELS MADE WITH BEESWAX AS THE OLEOGELATOR

Red palm olein (RPO) is a source of carotenoids that can act as provitamin A and pigment.RPO is liquid at room temperature and heating degrades carotenoids easily.Modifying RPO into a solid by oleogelation is essential to expand its application in food products.This study aimed to identify the physicochemical and rheological properties of RPO oleogels, using beeswax as the oleogelator, including crystal morphology

Topic: Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Disseminated nocardiosis after pulmonary collapse: a case report.

A 24-year-old Thai woman receiving corticosteroid treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, developed pulmonary nocardiosis after pulmonary collapse. The correct diagnosis was reached when dissemination had occurred which was characterized by two subcutaneous abscesses and acute uveitis of the right eye. Gram stain of sputum and pus revealed delicate, branching, Gram-positive filamentous mycelia which were identified as Nocardia asteroides on culture. Subcutaneous abscesses and exophthalmos disappeared after one week of therapy and she made an uneventful recovery.

Topic: Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The prevalence of visual symptoms in poppers users: a global survey

Introduction and aims The use of ‘poppers’ (volatile alkyl nitrites) has been associated with the development of visual symptoms secondary to the development of maculopathy. There are currently no data regarding the prevalence of this condition among poppers users. The aim of this study was to quantify the presence of visual symptoms among poppers users from a global cohort. Design and methods The Global Drug Survey (GDS) conducts annual anonymous online surveys of drug and alcohol use. Within the 2012 GDS, questions were inserted regarding the presence of visual symptoms in poppers users. Results The GDS received a total of 21 575 valid responses, with a total of 17 479 from the UK, Australia, USA and Eurozone. Within these areas, 5152 (29.5%) had used poppers within their lifetime and 1322 (7.6%) within the previous year. Of the ‘last year’ users, when asked the question: ‘Do you think poppers use has affected your eyesight?’, 29 (2.2%) people responded ‘yes’, 130 (10.0%) responded ‘maybe’ and 1146 (87.8%) responded ‘no (17 people did not answer). Both multiple choice and free-text responses regarding the nature of visual symptoms correlated with the central visual disturbance that would be expected from maculopathy. There was significant increased symptom prevalence with age (likelihood ratio (χ 2 )=19.0; p&lt;0.001). Discussion and conclusions This study demonstrates that a small, yet significant from a public health perspective, proportion of poppers users have visual symptoms. Clinical correlation is required to determine whether these reported symptoms are due to poppers associated maculopathy, or an alternative cause.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigations of the Brand Fungi and the Diseases of Plants Caused by Them with Reference to Grain and Other Useful Plants

Quoting de Bary: "It was not my purpose to present a monograph dealing with all the Brand fungi. For the present state of our science it seemed more important to me first of all to study the laws of development in a series of types; indeed this seemed to me a necessary preliminary condition for the investigation of the details. If and when I shall be able to settle many points about Brand and rust diseases by means of experiments with growing plants I cannot say. However, it seemed to me less expedient to wait patiently to see, than by offering a series of observations to give suggestions to those who may have the required terrain at their disposal." This book includes three sections and eight lithographic plates: I. Specific Observations Concerning the Form and Development of the Brand Fungi / 1 Ustilago / 1 Protomyces / 10 Cystopus / 13 Coleosporium / 15 Trichobasis / 18 Uromyces / 21 Puccinia / 23 Epitea / 26 Phragmidium / 31 Aecidinei / 35 II. Systematic Conclusions / 52 Historical / 52 General observations concerning the structure of fungi and lichens / 54 Justification of a new division into lichens and fungi / 57 Classification of the Brand fungi / 59 III. Concerning the Relationship of the Brand Fungi to the Brand and Rust Diseases of Plants / 64 The loose smut of the cereals / 64 The stinking smut or bunt of wheat / 64 Polycystis occulta of rye / 64 The rust / 64 Brand fungi of conifers / 65 Views about the relationship between fungus and disease; historical / 65 Notion of disease and of parasites / 69 The Brand fungi are actual fungi / 69 Germination of their spores / 70 Susceptibility of these spores to contagion / 71 Penetration of these spores into plant parts / 76 The Brand fungi are true parasites / 79 Elimination of a number of apparent contradictions / 79 The succession of many forms / 82 Concerning the pathological changes produced by the parasite / 85 Remedial measures for the treatment of smut and rust / 86 Lithographic Plates / 88 Explanation of plates / 88

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Women, homelessness and service provision.

This report presents a detailed analysis of womenâ?Ts experiences of homelessness in Ireland and pays particular attention to their interactions with, and patterns of movement through homeless and other service systems. Introduction p.3 Chapter 1. Women, homelessness and service provision p.4 Chapter 2. Research methodology p.11 Chapter 3. Homeless womenâ?Ts service use patterns and experiences p.15 Chapter 4. Case studies and service provider perspectives on womenâ?Ts homelessness p.39 Conclusion p.53

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Matching Clinicians to Operative Cases

In the original article by A. Was; J. Wanderer: „Matching Clinicians to Operative Cases: A Novel Application of a Patient Acuity Score“, the pagination and citation line was unfortunately incorrect. This error is corrected now: Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 445–453 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-01-CR-0004

Topic: Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Defining the International Accounting Standard Board's governance network.

There is little empirical research identifying the structural forces influencing the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural forces underlying international accounting regulation to contribute insights useable by the public, politicians, and scholars to conceptualize the processes of international accounting regulation. Based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and social network theory it was posited that this network is rationally created to serve certain stakeholder groups in the face of divergent stakeholder interests. The research questions for this study addressed the organizations which constituted the IASB's governance network, the professional and geographic perspectives represented, and the extent to which the governance network was structurally embedded. Social network methodology was utilized within a case study design. All data consisted of publically available existing data. Social network analysis including graphic notations, density, comembership overlap, and co-organizational overlap were employed to produce a representation of the governance network and to measure the extent to which the network was structurally embedded. To provide supplementary detail, the professional perspectives and geographic representations of the actors were measured. The results indicated that the network forms a definable hierarchy that exhibits qualities of structural embeddedness. Banking interests were more embedded within the governance network than any other professional, academic, or social group. Also, a strong Western influence was detected. The societal benefit of this effort was to engage society in general and accounting researchers in particular in hopes of encouraging diverse representation in regulatory processes with both macro and micro-consequences.

Topic: Accounting and Organizational Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effects of Mixed-Race Households on Residential Segregation

Abstract This paper investigates how household-scale racial mixing affects measurements of neighborhood-scale racial segregation. This topic is increasingly important as mixed-race households are becoming more common across the United States. Specifically, our research asks two questions: What is the sensitivity of neighborhood racial segregation measures to levels of household-scale racial mixing? And what is the relationship between neighborhood racial diversity and the presence of mixed-race households? We answer these questions with an analysis that uses confidential long-form data from the 1990 U.S. census. These data provide information on household racial composition at the tract level. The results show that racial mixing within households has meaningful effects on measurements of neighborhood segregation, suggesting that patterns of mixed-race household formation and residential location condition understandings of neighborhood segregation dynamics. We demonstrate that mixed-race households are a disproportionate source of neighborhood diversity in the least racially plural neighborhoods. This article also reflects on the complications that mixed-race households pose for the interpretations of neighborhood-scale segregation and cautions against drawing conclusions about residential desegregation based on racial mixing in households. Keywords: mixed-race householdsresidential segregationscaleentropy decomposition

Topic: Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exponential Cluster Synchronization of Neural Networks with Proportional Delays

Exponential cluster synchronization of neural networks with proportional delays is studied in this paper. Unlike previous constant delay or bounded time delay, we consider the time-varying proportional delay is unbounded, less conservative, and more widely applied. Furthermore, we designed a novel adaptive controller based on Lyapunov function and inequality technique to achieve exponential cluster synchronization for neural networks and by using a unique way of equivalent system we proved the main conclusions. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Topic: Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of five effective constituents in Compound Xinnaokang Soft Capsules by HPLC-DAD

Objective: To establish the method of simultaneous determination of five effective constituents tanshinose Ⅱ A、danshensu、protcate-chualdehyde、puerarin and ferulic acid. Methods: After ultrasonic extraction, HPLC-DAD were used to determine the effective constituents on Zorbax SB-C 8 column with acetonitrile and pH3.0 water(adjusted with H 3PO 4) as a mobile phase. Under the gradient timetable the percent of acetonitrile increased from 5% to 72.5% in 45 min. The flow rate was 1.5mL·min -1 , Five constituents were detected at the most suitable detection wavelength. Results: The average recovery of the five effective constituents is within the range of 100.1%～106.9%(n=3), The test of the accuracy within one day shows that the RSD is less than 2.2%, and the RSD among days less than 2.8%(n=3). The test solution is stable in 10h. Conclusion: The method is accurate, simple, quick, and can be used for determining simultaneously the content of the five effective constituents in Compound Xinnaokang Soft Capsules

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Markov Chain Algorithm for Eulerian Orientations of Planar Triangular Graphs

On the set of Eulerian orientations of a planar Eulerian graph a natural Markov chain is defined and is shown to converge to the uniform distribution. For the class of planar triangular graphs this chain is proved to be rapidly mixing. The proof uses the path coupling technique of Bubley and Dyer (1997) and the comparison result of Randall and Tetali (1998). For the class of planar triangular graphs our result improves essentially the mixing rate result from Mi-hail and Winkler (1996) for general Eulerian graphs. As consequence we obtain a faster polynomial randomized approximation scheme for counting the number of Euler orientations.

Topic: Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Field evaluation of various mathematical models for furrow and border irrigation systems

In this study, three mathematical models in the SIRMOD package including the hydrodynamic (HD), zero inertia (ZI), and kinematic wave (KW) models were tested using the data from several field experiments for both border and furrow irrigation systems. Five data sets for borders and seven data sets for furrows were used in this assessment. The results indicated that the performance of all models was satisfactory for the prediction of the advance and recession times. There was no difference in the prediction of the advance and recession times and infiltrated and runoff volumes between the hydrodynamic and zero-inertia approaches of the SIRMOD software. The HD, ZI, and KW models predicted the recession times better than the advance times for both the experimental borders and furrows. The predicted advance and recession times were estimated by these models more accurately than the infiltrated and runoff volumes. Also the accuracy of these models for the prediction of the advance and recession times was better for the experimental furrows in comparison with the experimental borders.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences