jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of flunarizine in childhood migraine: 11 years' experience, with emphasis on its effect in hemiplegic migraine.

AIM: The aim of this study was to report a single-centre experience of flunarizine in childhood migraine with focus on safety and efficacy. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective observational audit of 72 individuals (40 male, 32 female; mean age 13y; age range 1y 6mo-17y) at a tertiary paediatric neurology unit between 1998 and 2009. Children were included if they had a diagnosis of migraine and at least one follow-up assessment and a minimum of 3 months' treatment with flunarizine. RESULTS: Of 102 individuals identified, 30 were excluded for the following reasons: no outcome data (n=13), non-migraineurs (n=9), missing records (n=4), or inadequate treatment duration (n=4). Of the final cohort (72 individuals), 44 had migraine without aura, 15 had migraine with aura or childhood migraine equivalents, eight had sporadic hemiplegic migraine, and five had familial hemiplegic migraine. The median age was 13 years (1y 6mo-17y) and median duration of migraine was 48 months. Starting dose was 5mg. Other doses used were 2.5mg (three individuals), 7.5mg (one individual), and 10mg (six individuals). Treatment duration was 12 months. Successful prophylaxis, defined as at least a 50% reduction in attack frequency, was observed in 57% (41/72). Response rate was higher among those with hemiplegic migraines (85%) than in those who did not have hemiplegic migraines (51%). Side effects were noted in 15 (21%) individuals (depression, n=6; weight gain/increased appetite, n=5; tiredness/sedation, n=2; and worsening headache, n=2), and led to discontinuation of treatment in 13. INTERPRETATION: In our cohort of children with migraine, flunarizine appears to be more effective in the hemiplegic migraine group. Adverse effects were seen in one-fifth of the individuals, leading to discontinuation in 18%.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Root distribution and its association with bean growth habit

Associations between root distribution and bean growth habit may contribute to the selection of genotypes adapted to restrictive environments. The present work aimed to relate and compare root distribution with the growth habit in beans. 10 bean genotypes of different growth habits (I, II and III) were evaluated for root distribution in two agricultural years (2014/15 and 2015/16). The genotypes responded similarly for the trait root distribution throughout the agricultural years, without any simple effect of the genotype x year interaction. The factors genotype and years were significant for the trait. The genotypes of a determinate habit showed significant differences compared to other genotypes (II and III), which were ascribed to their poor performance in the average of years. They include the Carioca Precoce, which showed a behavior similar to the other habits. It could be considered a "plastic" genotype under restrictive conditions. The contrasts revealed significant differences between the growth habits II vs I (2.87) and III vs I (3.64) for root distribution. The differences were also significant for grain yield. Thus, genotypes of indeterminate growth habit show greater root distribution than those of a determinate habit, regardless of the agricultural years. Therefore, they are promising for use in blocks of crosses, when the purpose is the selection of cultivars adapted to low input environments.

Topic: Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Routing Scalability: An Operator's View

The Internet and its associated global routing table continues to grow with time. Will the current routing infrastructure be able to scale itself to sustain such growth? Over the past several years, many efforts have been devoted to address this important question. This paper presents a unique view from a network operator's perspective. We first clarify the definition of the routing scaling problem in practical terms by providing the relevant background information. We point out several reality issues that, if overlooked, may impede the adoption and deployment of a solution. Based on our operational experiences, we identify several requirements for potential solutions, and provide brief comments on the existing solutions.

Topic: Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Silent Ischemia on Holter Monitoring Predicts Mortality in High-Risk Postinfarction Patients

The relative prognostic significance of ischemic ST changes on two-lead continuous electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring in 103 high-risk postinfarction patients was examined. Ischemic ST changes were detected in 30 patients, with a median number of five episodes per day and median total daily duration of 157 minutes. Only one third of these patients reported any angina in the hospital, and 28 of the 30 patients had silent ST changes on Holter monitoring. The remaining 73 patients had no ischemic ST changes on Holter monitoring. At one year, nine (30%) of 30 patients with ischemic ST changes were dead vs only eight (11%) of 73 patients without such changes. Multivariate Cox's hazard function analysis on 18 variables, including age, type of infarction, Lown and Killip class, ejection fraction, and medications, showed that the presence of ST changes on Holter monitoring was a significant predictive variable for one-year mortality in the overall study population and particularly in the subgroup of 59 patients who could not undergo early exercise treadmill testing. Thus, ischemic ST changes on Holter monitoring, the majority of which are silent, occur in nearly one third of high-risk postinfarction patients and are significantly associated with one-year mortality.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-7, Tables 1-6 from HSulf-1 Modulates FGF2- and Hypoxia-Mediated Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-7, Tables 1-6 from HSulf-1 Modulates FGF2- and Hypoxia-Mediated Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells

Topic: Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Desulfurization of coal by solvent leaching method

Abstract High sulfur and high ash both coals are unsuitable for their efficient use in gasification, liquefaction, combustion, and carbonization purposes. Coal is being used as an energy source all over the world which results in increasingly environmental issues and other deleterious effects, so the contribution of coal in power production in Pakistan is very small. Total sulfur contents in major coal fields are in the range of 0.5 - 10 wt% roughly. Utilization of such high ash and sulfur coals causes the environmental pollution and other effects. So prior to its utilization, it is necessary to desulfurize and demineralize such coals. Physical, biological and chemical processes are used for the coal cleaning method. Present work aims at the desulfurization of Pakistani coal from Lakhra and Makarwal by using chemical method which involves the leaching of coal with acids, under different conditions of temperature, particle size and agitation time for each treatment.

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
BST204 Protects Dexamethasone-Induced Myotube Atrophy through the Upregulation of Myotube Formation and Mitochondrial Function

BST204 is a purified ginseng dry extract that has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses, but its effect on muscle atrophy is yet to be investigated. In this study, C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate for three days followed by the treatment of dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid drug, with vehicle or BST204 for one day and subjected to immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and biochemical analysis for mitochondrial function. BST204 alleviates the myotube atrophic effect mediated by DEX via the activation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling. Through this pathway, BST204 suppresses the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases contributing to the enhanced myotube formation and enlarged myotube diameter in DEX-treated myotubes. In addition, BST204 treatment significantly decreases the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in DEX-treated myotubes. Furthermore, BST204 improves mitochondrial function by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) in DEX-induced myotube atrophy. This study provides a mechanistic insight into the effect of BST204 on DEX-induced myotube atrophy, suggesting that BST204 has protective effects against the toxicity of a corticosteroid drug in muscle and promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy for the treatment of muscle weakness and atrophy.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Primitives and Depth Priors Enabling Novel View Synthesis

Conventional geometry-based SLAM systems lack dense 3D reconstruction capabilities since their data association usually relies on feature correspondences. Additionally, learning-based SLAM systems often fall short in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. Balancing real-time performance with dense 3D reconstruction capabilities is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a real-time RGB-D SLAM system that incorporates a novel view synthesis technique, 3D Gaussian Splatting, for 3D scene representation and pose estimation. This technique leverages the real-time rendering performance of 3D Gaussian Splatting with rasterization and allows for differentiable optimization in real time through CUDA implementation. We also enable mesh reconstruction from 3D Gaussians for explicit dense 3D reconstruction. To estimate accurate camera poses, we utilize a rotation-translation decoupled strategy with inverse optimization. This involves iteratively updating both in several iterations through gradient-based optimization. This process includes differentiably rendering RGB, depth, and silhouette maps and updating the camera parameters to minimize a combined loss of photometric loss, depth geometry loss, and visibility loss, given the existing 3D Gaussian map. However, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) struggles to accurately represent surfaces due to the multi-view inconsistency of 3D Gaussians, which can lead to reduced accuracy in both camera pose estimation and scene reconstruction. To address this, we utilize depth priors as additional regularization to enforce geometric constraints, thereby improving the accuracy of both pose estimation and 3D reconstruction. We also provide extensive experimental results on public benchmark datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods in terms of pose accuracy, geometric accuracy, and rendering performance.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
10 Small Vibrations About Equilibrium

Abstract A number of interesting mechanical systems have one or more essentially stable equilibrium configurations. When disturbed slightly, they vibrate about equilibrium in characteristic patterns called normal modes. This chapter presents the Lagrangian theory of these small vibrations for the simple case of systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom. The theory has wide application. For example, the normal mode oscillations of crystalline solids underlie both the overtone structure of a church bell and the definition of phonons in solid state physics. A similar formalism leads to photons as the quanta of modes of the electromagnetic field. This chapter defines equilibrium points in the configuration space of a mechanical system and discusses how to find them, along with small coordinates, normal modes, generalised eigenvalue problem, stability, initial conditions, energy of small vibrations, single mode excitations, and zero-frequency modes.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introduction: Black Men in a White Men’s War

From his perspective as a student in wartime England, the Indian journalist and diplomat K. M. Panikkar came to view the Great War of 1914–18 as 'a civil war within the European community of nations'.2 In a sense it was. But for the people of Panikkar's native Asia, and even more for the colonial peoples of Africa, that conflict was truly a world war. More than ever before, subject peoples were called upon to defend the very institutions of their subjugation: the European empires. Such a practice, one of the chief ironies of imperialism, began in Asia and America during the Seven Years' War of the mid-eighteenth century and by 1918 became the final defence not just of empires, but of European nations themselves.

Topic: Colonial History and Postcolonial Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Risk of Ixodes ricinus Bites in a Population of Forestry Workers in an Endemic Region in France

The progressing worldwide increases in tick occurrence and tick-borne diseases calls for the development of new prevention strategies to reduce their impact on human and animal health. Defining the risk of exposure to tick bites is therefore essential. Forestry workers are at high risk of tick bites. We set up an explorative study among forestry workers in the Alsace region in eastern France to measure the different factors affecting the risk of Ixodes ricinus tick bites during their activities in forests. For one year, forestry workers recorded the presence of ticks on their clothes and tick bites every time they were working in teams in different forest ecosystems. Questions about the prevention measures they followed were also noted. Among the 32 participants, we were able to differentiate between groups having a high, neutral, or low risk of being bitten. The median tick bite number per year was 4 (0–8). We tried to identify individual as well as environmental factors affecting the risk of tick bites. Factors influencing the risk were the seasonal peak of tick activity in May and June, the time of exposure, and the forest ecosystems visited during the year. Additional factors potentially affecting the risk were also identified.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deconstructing autism: from unitary syndrome to contributory developmental endophenotypes

A recent generation of family studies has revealed that autism can be predicted from an array of neurobehavioural susceptibilities that are appreciable before the syndrome is diagnosed, and that each may be traceable to partially-independent sets of genetic variation. Some of these liabilities are not necessarily specific to ASD-those that are non-specific could account for a significant share of the 'missing heritability' of autism, would (by definition) contribute to pleiotropy, and relate to so-called 'co-morbidities', which are inappropriately named if they actually contribute to (or exacerbate) the severity of autism itself. Linking genetic variants to these underlying traits rather than to a diagnosis of 'autism' may be more productive in devising personalized approaches to developmental intervention, especially if autism represents an epiphenomenon of earlier-interacting susceptibilities. In this article, the implications of conceptualizing autism as a syndrome of neurobehavioural degeneration is considered, predicated on the notion that it can arise from a critical co-aggregation of earlier-interacting neuropsychiatric liabilities, the phenotypic expression of which-importantly-can be moderated by sex.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Drug Repurposing and Molecular Docking Approach.

Coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections normally mild, such as the common cold but cross-species transmission has produced some unusually virulent strains which now causing viral pneumonia and in serious cases even acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. SARS-CoV-2 is the most threatening issue which leads the world to an uncertainty alongside thousands of regular death scenes. For this virus, death toll is increasing in. An effective vaccine to cure this virus is not yet available, thus requires concerted efforts at various scales. The viral Main Protease controls Coronavirus replication and is a proven drug discovery target for SARS-CoV-2. Here, comprehensive computational approaches including drug repurposing and molecular docking were employed to predict the efficacy of medicinal plant-based bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Molecular docking was performed using PyRx-autodock vina to analyze the inhibition probability. MPP (6LU7) was docked with 90 phytochemical compounds and docking was analysed by PyRx-autodock vina, Pymol version 1.7.4.5 Edu, and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. Furthermore, ADME analysis along with analysis of toxicity was also investigated to check the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the antiviral phytochemicals. Remdesivir and lopinavir were used as standards for comparison. Our analyses revealed that the top ten (Azadirachtin, -12.5kcal/mol; Rutin, -9 kcal/mol; Theaflavin, -9 kcal/mol; Astragalin, -8.8 kcal/mol; Isoquercitrin, -8.7 kcal/mol; Hyperoside, -8.6 kcal/mol; Baicalin, -8.4 kcal/mol; Saponin, -8.3 kcal/mol; Sennoside A, -8.3 kcal/mol; Aloin, -8.2 kcal/mol, while Remdesivir and Lopinavir showed -8.2 and -7.9 kcal/mol) hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimization and drug development process to combat COVID-19.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A numerical investigation of the micronozzle geometry effect on the performance of microwave electrothermal thrusters

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3480.vid The Microwave Electrothermal Thruster (MET) is a promising electrothermal micro-thruster for small satellite propulsion. The design of the MET utilizes a TM011 microwave resonant mode in a circular waveguide cavity, which creates regions of high electric energy density for plasma generation and propulsion. The nozzle attached to the cavity also plays a critical role in determining the MET performance. However, as the size of the MET resonant cavity is scaled down to fit micro- and nanosatellites, the nozzle attached to the cavity becomes smaller, presenting challenges for experimental investigations into the behavior of the plasma discharge and the gas flowing through the micronozzle. This paper presents a numerical study encompassing the multi-physical phenomena of electromagnetic field wave, plasma, and flow dynamics to fully understand the behavior of plasma discharge and gas flow through a micro nozzle attached to a scaled-down MET resonant cavity. The thrust and specific impulse of the MET are being analyzed by comparing three different types of nozzles - extended convergent-divergent (CD), standard CD, and divergent nozzles - that have the same throat diameter and exit area. The aim of this analysis is to identify design enhancements that could improve the performance and dependability of the system. The results indicate that the geometry of the nozzle has a significant impact on the resonant cavity's performance in terms of the amplification factor and plasma discharge properties. The divergent nozzle shows potential benefits for the MET thruster due to concentrated electron absorbed power close to the nozzle inlet. However, during plasma gas flow operation, it results in a lower specific impulse than the other two cases due to significant heat transfer to the cavity wall near nozzle inlet, leading to a loss of energy source for heating gas. Further investigation is suggested to improve specific impulse by reducing heat conduction to the cavity wall and enhancing the Joule heating effect in that case, which could significantly improve overall MET efficiency.

Topic: Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Potamotrygon rex: Rincon, G., Torres, Y.T.P., Sayer, C. &amp; Charvet, P.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors affecting spatial and temporal variation in human-bear interactions

Past research in human-carnivore coexistence has largely focused on conflict interactions, leaving a significant knowledge gap in our understanding of coexistence beyond conflict. I addressed this gap by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of both incidents (i.e., conflict; physical attacks, property damage, bear consumption of human food) and sightings (i.e., animal, property, and person remain unharmed). I examined 2 years of human-bear interaction records from Alberta’s Bow Valley, a landscape where black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) co-occur with people within vital large carnivore habitat. I used generalized linear models to examine patterns of interaction distribution across bear seasons and for each species. The majority of interactions were sightings of black bears reported during summer. Bear activity, primary productivity, and distance to roads and trails were the strongest predictors of interactions overall. Incident interactions were best explained by human presence while sightings models were more complex. In general, I found greater differences between species than between sightings and incidents, but sightings increased the power of predictive models over incidents alone. These results indicate the potential use of incorporating sightings reports with incidents for a broader understanding human-bear coexistence and can aid wildlife managers in further developing regulations to mitigate conflict and ensure viable bear populations. Key recommendations to improve human-bear coexistence in the Bow Valley include increasing the use of sightings reports in research and management decisions, quantifying the effect of management removals on black bear population dynamics, evaluating the human dimensions of human-bear interactions, and limiting human use where it overlaps with high-quality or high-activity bear habitat.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences