jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A case of mycosis of the maxillary sinus: A microbiological study.

We studied growth and drug susceptibility of fungi and bacteria isolated from patients with mycosis of the maxillary sinus. In culture specimens from sinusitis dentalis suspected to be caused by mycosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Streptococcus constellatus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella sp. were isolated. A. fumigatus blocked the growth of the other test organisms. MICs of amphotericin B, nystatin, miconazole, and bifonazole against A. fumigatus were low. However, MICs of griseofulvin, flucytosine, and fluconazole against A. fumigatus were high. Pr. intermedia and Pr. sp. were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and produced β-lactamases.Our results suggest that maxillary sinus mycosis was triggered by an attack of sinusitis dentalis due to oral bacteria. Next, A. fumigatus invaded the lesion and held a dominant position in the resulting mycosis. When administering chemotherapy, attention should be paid not only to fungi and bacteria but also to sensitive fungi and bacteria and resistant strains.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nitrite-Specific Active Transport System of the Cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. Strain PCC 7942

ABSTRACT Studies on the nitrite uptake capability of a mutant of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 lacking the ATP-binding cassette-type nitrate-nitrite-bispecific transporter revealed the occurrence of a nitrite-specific active transport system with an apparent K m (NO 2 − ) of about 20 μM. Similar to the nitrate-nitrite-bispecific transporter, the nitrite-specific transporter was reversibly inhibited by ammonium in the medium.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Driving Error and Anxiety Related to iPod mp3 Player Use in a Simulated Driving Experience

Driver distraction due to cellular phone usage has repeatedly been shown to increase the risk of vehicular accidents; however, the literature regarding the use of other personal electronic devices while driving is relatively sparse. It was hypothesized that the usage of an mp3 player would result in an increase in not only driving error while operating a driving simulator, but driver anxiety scores as well. It was also hypothesized that anxiety scores would be positively related to driving errors when using an mp3 player. 32 participants drove through a set course in a driving simulator twice, once with and once without an iPod mp3 player, with the order counterbalanced. Number of driving errors per course, such as leaving the road, impacts with stationary objects, loss of vehicular control, etc., and anxiety were significantly higher when an iPod was in use. Anxiety scores were unrelated to number of driving errors.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Energy Sources for Soft Bone Milkfish Cooking Toward Time and Cost Efficacy

Abstract This study assesses the time and cost efficiency of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and electricity for cooking soft bone milkfish (Bandeng Presto). An experimental approach was employed, where the weight of the milkfish served as the controlled variable, systematically varying across different cooking sessions. This manipulation of the milkfish’s weight allowed us to investigate the comparative efficacy of LPG and electricity as energy sources for cooking. The experiment involved collecting numerical data on cooking time and cost, which were critical in addressing our research questions. Our findings revealed that LPG exhibited remarkable time efficiency, consistently resulting in shorter cooking durations and quicker boiling points than electricity. On cost-effectiveness, electricity emerged as the preferred choice for soft bone milkfish cooking, offering reduced expenses in terms of energy consumption, particularly when utilising commercial electricity. These results shed light on the practical implications of choosing between LPG and electricity for cooking soft bone milkfish and provide valuable insights for consumers and culinary establishments seeking to optimise their cooking methods.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of plant density of marigold on larval population of gram pod borer H. armigera in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)

A field experiment on Influence of plant density of marigold on larval population of H. armigera in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) was conducted at Entomology Research Farm, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri during Rabi 2019-20 to evaluate the different planting combination of chickpea (Digvijay) with marigold in a Randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replication. All treatment combination record lowest larval population and pod damage as compare to sole chickpea crop. The lowest larval population was observed in T2 Chickpea +Marigold 3 (6:2) i.e. 2.06 larvae per meter row length. In Trap cropping with marigold maximum yield (22.54 q/ha) of chickpea was obtained from Chickpea + Marigold, 6:2 ratio. The average pod damage recorded ranged between 11.18 to 17.03%.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Suppression of ColE1 high-copy-number mutants by mutations in the polA gene of Escherichia coli

We isolated three Escherichia coli suppressor strains that reduce the copy number of a mutant ColE1 high-copy-number plasmid. These mutations lower the copy number of the mutant plasmid in vivo up to 15-fold; the wild-type plasmid copy number is reduced by two- to threefold. The suppressor strains do not affect the copy numbers of non-ColE1-type plasmids tested, suggesting that their effects are specific for ColE1-type plasmids. Two of the suppressor strains show ColE1 allele-specific suppression; i.e., certain plasmid copy number mutations are suppressed more efficiently than others, suggesting specificity in the interaction between the suppressor gene product and plasmid replication component(s). All of the mutations were genetically mapped to the chromosomal polA gene, which encodes DNA polymerase I. The suppressor mutational changes were identified by DNA sequencing and found to alter single nucleotides in the region encoding the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I. Two mutations map in the DNA-binding cleft of the polymerase region and are suggested to affect specific interactions of the enzyme with the replication primer RNA encoded by the plasmid. The third suppressor alters a residue in the 3'-5' exonuclease domain of the enzyme. Implications for the interaction of DNA polymerase I with the ColE1 primer RNA are discussed.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Integrating Service-Learning into Human Service and Family Science Curriculum

Abstract Limitations of traditional methods of instruction were addressed by integrating community-based service-learning into human service and family science curriculum. Practical ideas and insight that may be of value when implementing or enhancing the quality of a service-learning course are presented, including reflective activities that may be used to facilitate student learning. To evaluate the effectiveness of the course, qualitative data was collected from 24 students and 11 service supervisors. Student integration papers were analyzed, with four emerging themes: 1) learning outcomes, 2) personal and professional growth, 3) benefits to agencies/clients, and 4) recommendations for course improvement. Key Words: Service-learninghuman servicefamily science curriculum

Topic: Service-Learning and Community Engagement
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment for the timing of comprehensive genomic profiling tests in patients with advanced solid cancers

Abstract Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests have been covered by public insurance in Japan for patients with advanced solid tumors who have completed or are completing standard treatments or do not have them. Therefore, genotype‐matched drug candidates are often unapproved or off‐label, and improving clinical trial access is critical, involving the appropriate timing of CGP tests. To address this issue, we analyzed the previous treatment data for 441 patients from an observational study on CGP tests discussed by the expert panel at Hokkaido University Hospital between August 2019 and May 2021. The median number of previous treatment lines was two; three or more lines accounted for 49%. Information on genotype‐matched therapies was provided to 277 (63%). Genotype‐matched clinical trials were ineligible because of an excess number of previous treatment lines or use of specific agents were found in 66 (15%) patients, with the highest proportion in breast and prostate cancers. Many patients met the exclusion criteria of one to two or more treatment lines across cancer types. In addition, previous use of specific agents was a frequent exclusion criterion for breast, prostate, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. The patients with tumor types with a low median number (two or fewer) of previous treatment lines, including most rare cancers, primary unknown cancers, and pancreatic cancers, had significantly fewer ineligible clinical trials. The earlier timing of CGP tests may improve access to genotype‐matched clinical trials, with their proportion varying by cancer type. Each relevant society needs to advocate the desirable timing of CGP testing nationwide.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 644429: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A probabilistic graphical model of lightness and lighting

Many lightness experiments and illusions suggest that mid-level features such as lighting boundaries and reflectance edges play an important role in lightness perception. However, there has been relatively little work on developing complete computational models of lightness that incorporate mid-level factors, compared to the extensive work on developing low-level computational models. Here I use probabilistic graphical models and their well-developed inference methods to formulate a mid-level computational model of human perception of lightness and lighting. To simplify a first approach, I model lightness perception on a 16 × 16 pixel grid. Within this domain one can create many lightness illusions (e.g., the argyle illusion) and phenomena (e.g., assimilation) that challenge current models. The model makes simple probabilistic assumptions about local properties of lighting and reflectance:(1) reflectance spans the range 3% to 90%, (2) reflectance tends to change slowly from place to place, (3) incident illuminance spans the range 0 to 100,000 lux, (4) illuminance edges are less common than reflectance edges, (5) illuminance edges tend to be straighter than reflectance edges, (6) reflectance and illuminance edges usually occur at image image luminance edges, and (7) measured image luminance is contaminated by a small amount of noise. The model uses these local assumptions along with belief propagation methods to infer globally optimal estimates of reflectance and illuminance in 16 × 16 pixel stimulus images. The model arrives at human-like interpretations of several lightness illusions that have been problematic for previous models, including the argyle illusion, snake illusion, Koffka ring, and their control conditions. The model also reproduces several important lightness phenomena, including contrast and assimilation effects. Thus a probabilistic graphical model that incorporates simple assumptions about reflectance and lighting provides a strong mid-level computational account of lightness perception over a wide range of stimulus conditions.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes & van Soest 2004

Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes & van Soest, 2004 Fig. 3 Material examined. UFBAPOR 5019, Iguape Bay / Paraguaçu River estuary, Cachoeira (Bahia, Brazil), (12°40ʹ26″ S; 38°51ʹ24″ W); on mud, 0.0 m depth; coll. V. C. Veloso-Junior (13.XI.2019); specimen measurements: 55 mm length, 46 mm width, and 60 mm thickness. UFBAPOR 5020, Iguape Bay / Paraguaçu River estuary, Cachoeira (Bahia, Brazil) (12°40ʹ26″ S; 38°51ʹ24″ W); pneumatophores and rhizophores of mangrove trees, 0.0 m depth; coll. V. C. Veloso-Junior (13.XI.2019); specimen measurements: 132 mm length, 52 mm width, and 47 mm thickness. UFBAPOR 5021, Iguape Bay / Paraguaçu River estuary, Cachoeira (Bahia, Brazil) (12°40ʹ26″ S; 38°51ʹ24″ W); wood fish trap, 0.0 m depth; coll. V. C. Veloso-Junior (13.XI.2019); specimen measurements: 73 mm length, 74 mm width, and 36 mm thickness.

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Incidence of animal bite and risk for rabies in Kaduna State, Nigeria – public health implication

This study focused on the incidence of animal bite (n=50) reported in Kaduna State, Nigeria, between January and April 2024, focusing on factors such as the type of biting animal, sex of the victims, geographical distribution, temporal trends, and the nature of the bites. The data were sourced from weekly reports submitted by Area Veterinary Officers to the Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services and were supplemented with rabies test results from the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State. Results revealed that dogs were responsible for 96% of the biting incidents, while cats accounted for 4%. Male victims were more frequently bitten, and the highest incidence was reported in Kaduna Central (Zone 2) with 44% and Zaria being the lowest (12%). Most incidents occurred in February (38%) and March (34%). Provoked bites constituted 52% of the cases, and 86% of the dogs involved were not vaccinated against rabies. Rabies test results showed that 94% were negative, while 6% tested positive, all of which were reported in Kaduna South (Zone 3). A significant association (p=0.034) between senatorial zones and rabies test results was observed, indicating a need for targeted public health interventions in specific zones. The study underscores the need for improving vaccination coverage and implementing educational campaigns to mitigate risk of rabies and reduce the incidence of animal bites. Enhanced public health strategies, community engagement and one health approach should be implemented to address the multifaceted challenges posed by dog bites and rabies in Kaduna State.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Consecration of World Heritage Sites – Practice and Critique

In their work on heritage futures, Cornelius Holtorf and other colleagues go beyond situating archaeology, preservation, heritage and the discourses and practices connected with them in contemporary societies as critical heritage studies have rightly done. Instead, they reflect on the implications of archaeology and heritage for future societies. In his contribution, Holtorf engages with a recent study by Lewis Borck (2018) on heritage practices as futuremaking, which examines cultural heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for the regions of North America and the Caribbean. Borck draws on the notion of prefiguration – a very valuable analytic term in Holtorf’s view – in order to describe how “archaeologists use the past in the present to construct a history for the production of the future” (Borck 2018: 232). He is concerned with the choice of sites included in the World Heritage List and thus with current archaeological preservation practices prefiguring – and distorting – the future look back into the past. He claims that with 55 out of 61 listed World Heritage Sites representing vertically-organized societies, the visible traces of Western and colonial societies are highly overrepresented in the regions of North America and the Caribbean. Thus, he worries that this distortion is creating “a hierarchical history [which will limit, HS] our ability to imagine, both implicitly and explicitly, alternative ways to organize collectively outside of top-down power structures” (Borck 2018: 234). While Holtorf is sympathetic to Borck’s approach of drawing on the notion of prefiguration, he calls for more differentiation in this particular case.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The inheritance of percentage moisture loss in sorghum leaves

The inheritance of drought resistance and agronomic characteristics of field-grown sorghum plants was determined. High heritabilities were recorded for each characteristic. The genetic differences of percentage moisture loss were due to genes exhibiting incomplete dominance. The agronomic characteristics of plant height, peduncle length, days to 50% flowering and yield potential all provided evidence of dominant genetic variation. A few parental inbred lines that could be used to improve drought resistance of commercial hybrids have been identified. Results indicated that the percentage moisture loss of excised leaves of mature plants could be used as a selection criterion for drought resistance in sorghum.

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Asynchronous Session Reservation Multi-Channel MAC for Ad Hoc Networks

The use of multi-channel MAC protocols for mobile ad hoc networks has been seen as a very potent method of improving the throughput capacity of such networks. In recent past, a number of multi-channel MAC protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks that have increased the overall network throughput by quite some margin compared to their single channel counterparts. However, there are still many issues with these protocols that need to be resolved. Clock synchronization is one of the major overhead in a majority of the proposed multi-channel MAC protocols. In this paper we propose a new asynchronous multi-channel MAC protocol that does not require clock synchronization between mobile nodes. Our proposed protocol is an asynchronous solution that uses multiple channels for data transmission. In our proposed protocol, nodes use a single base channel when the network load is considerably lower and migrates to other channels when the network load increases beyond a threshold value. Also, nodes share multi-channel cooperation messages with their neighbors to further improve throughput. We have conducted extensive simulations to compare the performance of our protocol against the traditional IEEE 802.11b single channel and MMAC protocol. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol outperforms both IEEE 802.11b and MMAC protocol.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chapter One. The Historical And Intellectual Background

In the absence of a direct means of identifying the outstanding problems that engaged the minds of those prominent in public life, we can but turn to the ideas and protests voiced in those of their utterances that have been preserved. The three responses of Dong Zhongshu of perhaps 134 BCE,3 and some of his other writings, suggest that he was aware of at least some of these problems. The governments of Qin and of the first century of Han had striven to co-ordinate and control the work of the population; a move to leave the people to work without restrictions was now being voiced. The memorials of officials and the texts of imperial edicts reveal not only the incidence of dynastic rivalries and disputes, but also the promotion of different measures to govern the empire, the adoption of different intellectual concepts and a trust in different religious beliefs.Keywords: Dong Zhongshu; dynastic rivalries; Han; Qin

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermal degradation studies of LDPE containing cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant

The influence of a typical prooxidative additive, cobalt stearate, on the thermal stability, degradation kinetics and lifetime of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in both nitrogen and air atmosphere. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves indicate single stage and multistage decomposition process in nitrogen and air atmosphere respectively. The kinetic parameters of degradation were evaluated using the Flynn–Wall-Ozawa iso-conversion technique. The apparent activation energies for decomposition have been calculated for degradation under nitrogen atmosphere. The lifetime of LDPE (time for 5% mass loss) was estimated to be 8.2·1026 min in nitrogen and was found to decrease dramatically with increase in the concentration of cobalt stearate thereby revealing its pro-oxidative ability. Studies indicated that the service/process temperature also has a strong influence on the lifetime of all the formulations investigated. The effect of cobalt stearate on the air oven aging behavior of LDPE at two different temperatures (70°C and 100°C) was also investigated to demonstrate the pro-oxidative nature of cobalt stearate.

Topic: Polymer Science and PVC
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Measuring facial expression of emotion

Research into emotions has increased in recent decades, especially on the subject of recognition of emotions. However, studies of the facial expressions of emotion were compromised by technical problems with visible video analysis and electromyography in experimental settings. These have only recently been overcome. There have been new developments in the field of automated computerized facial recognition; allowing real-time identification of facial expression in social environments. This review addresses three approaches to measuring facial expression of emotion and describes their specific contributions to understanding emotion in the healthy population and in persons with mental illness. Despite recent progress, studies on human emotions have been hindered by the lack of consensus on an emotion theory suited to examining the dynamic aspects of emotion and its expression. Studying expression of emotion in patients with mental health conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes will profit from theoretical and methodological progress.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences