jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Secure Aggregation for Clustered Federated Learning With Passive Adversaries

Clustered federated learning is a popular paradigm to tackle data heterogeneity in federated learning, by training personalized models for groups of users with similar data distributions. A critical challenge is to protect the privacy of individual user updates, as the latter can reveal extensive information about sensitive local datasets. To do so, a recent promising approach is information-theoretic secure aggregation, where parties learn the aggregate (sum) of user updates, but no further information is revealed about the individual updates. In this work, we present the first single-server secure aggregation framework in the context of clustered federated learning, to learn the aggregate of user updates for any clustering of users, but without learning any information about the local updates or cluster identities. Our framework can achieve linear communication complexity under formal information-theoretic privacy guarantees, while providing key trade-offs between communication and computation complexity, adversary tolerance, and resilience to user dropouts.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Importance of the bile acid receptors in different metabolisms

Bile acids are important and necessary for the effective lipid digestion.Recently, bile acid receptors have been detected at different tissues such as liver, placenta, lung, spleen, breast, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, kidney, brain and skeletal muscle.TGR5 and FXR are the mostly known bile acid receptors in many tissues.Bile acids can effect both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and intrauterine growth by stimulating the bile acid receptors.Bile acid receptors, especially the TGR5 and FXR may have important roles on lots of metabolisms.Bile acid levels may be suggested in the etiopathogenesis of unexplained metabolic disorders.Future studies particularly regarding the receptor-associated gene expression might produce new investigations for many metabolic disease therapies.Bile acid receptor-based animal studies have shown that bile acid receptor agonists or antagonists can be used in the treatment of many diseases.Bile acid receptors such as TGR5 and FXR may also be used as diagnostic markers in some diseases.In addition, gut microbiota contributes to the physiological and pathological activity of bile acids and salts by increasing the diversity, and may play decisive and important roles in bile acid metabolism.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical Standardization of Euphorbia neriifolia Leaves

Objective: To investigate pharmacognostical and physico-chemical standardization of Euphorbia neriifolia leaves. Materials and Methods: Fresh and dried leaves with powder samples of E. neriifolia were examined macroscopically and microscopically. As per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India and World Health Organization guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plants materials suggested parameters were determined for standardization of E. neriifolia leaves. Physico-chemical, primary phytochemical, fluorescence and quantitative screenings along with primary HPTLC fingerprinting assessment were performed. Results: Macroscopic examination demonstrated that fresh leaf of E. neriifolia has dark green in colour, herbaceous odour with characteristic taste. Dried leafs are grey brownish in colour, characteristic odour with broken crumpled and papery fracture. Microscopy of leaf showed the single layered thick rectangular or tubular adaxial epidermal cells. Mesophyll tissue was differentiated into two or three layered adaxial zones of radially elongated palisade cells and wider abaxial spongy mesophyll cells revealed the differentiated dorsiventral lamina. Mid-rib composed of epidermis, collenchymas and spongy parenchyma cells. Physico-chemical parameters like, foreign matter was found to be 0.46%. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash was found 6.33%, 1.23% and 6% respectively. Loss on drying was found to be 4.69%. Swelling and foaming index was found 11.7 ml and 333 ml respectively. Quantitative screening suggested that the leaf powder has indicated alkaloid and saponin estimation as 0.26% and 3.67% respectively. The HPTLC fingerprinting of EN6 extract fraction was showed the Rf values at 254 nm with their respective UV-visible spectrum wavelengths scanned in between 200-400 nm. They are 0.01 (265 nm), 0.05 (369 nm), 0.09 (263 nm, 264 nm), 0.18 (400 nm), 0.20 (279 nm), 0.31 (400 nm), 0.44 (378 nm), 0.45 (382 nm), 0.54 (377 nm), 0.55 (383 nm), 0.62 (400 nm), etc. at different concentrations of sample application. The HPTLC plate was also scanned at 366 nm and 540 nm. Conclusion: The present investigation is an additional standardization research in support with previous reports and will be helpful for qualitative and quantitative standardization of herbal formulations containing E. neriifolia. Further investigations are going on this extract fraction in reference to identification, quantification and validation of HPTLC methods using various standard marker compounds along with exploration of its pharmacological activities.

Topic: Bioactive Natural Diterpenoids Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selection Response in Open Nucleus Breeding System with Overlapping Generation

育種集団と実用集団を含む開放型中核育種集団システムにおいて,更新牛の選抜差として育種集団用,実用集団用および雄雌の子牛生産用にそれぞれ異なる選抜差を考え,世代が重復した場合の選抜反応の予測式を行列表示により導いた.数値例として,得られた式を用い簡略化した場合の開放型中核育種集団における改良速度を検討した.すなわち,雌牛は,育種集団と実用集団との間で相互の移動があり,母牛としては,両集団生まれのものが使われるが,父牛については育種集団生まれのものに限定した.育種集団あるいは実用集団で生まれた母牛の選抜差は,育種集団の子牛生産用と実用集団の子牛生産用の2つをとりあげた.一方,父牛の選抜差は,育種集団の雄子牛生産用,雌子牛生産用ならびに実用集団の子牛生産用の3つをとりあげた.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Islamic Leadership in Practice: A Review and an Educational to Common Existing Thought with Supply Chain Awareness System

Leadership in Islam for some scholars still struggling at the level of moral and spiritual content. The prime aim of this investigation is to investigate the impact of leadership practices with the mediating effect of supply chain management.  They have many views about leadership in Islam and the moral message that conveys. The commendable characters of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH an indicator of success. There has been little to discuss the leadership application process in Islam, the principle of leadership in Islam, and the process of congregational praying (Shalah al jama'ah). The data were gather from the praying leader by questionnaires and PLS-SEM was used for analysis. Praying in a congregation (jama'ah), there are several steps. First, the initial conditioning, which includes a place that meets the requirements, the sanctity of the body, clothing and place, the direction of the qibla. Second, selecting leaders is a very important process. How a leader is select and elected, also what are the category to own by the candidate. Third, the initial conditions of taking command over by the leader (imam). Many lessons can apply in everyday life, both for small organizational conditions and for a wider scale. Based on the search of the author, there is no concept of leadership in Islam that takes from the ongoing process of praying together (shalah al jamaah).

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols correlate with reversible induction of p57 expression.

Green tea polyphenols are known to induce apoptosis in certain types of tumor cells. However, the mechanism(s) that enables normal cells to evade the apoptotic effect is still not understood. In this study, Western blot analysis combined with cycloheximide treatment was used to examine the effects of green tea polyphenols on the expression levels of p57, a cyclin-dependent kinase and apoptosis inhibitor, in normal human keratinocytes and in the oral carcinoma cell lines SCC25 and OSC2. The results showed that the most potent green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), induced p57 in normal keratinocytes in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, while the levels of p57 protein in oral carcinoma cells were unaltered. The differential response in p57 induction was consistent with the apoptosis status detected by annexin V assay. The data suggest that the chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols may involve p57-mediated cell cycle regulation in normal epithelial cells.

Topic: Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation Fidelity of Gender Based Violence Screening among Health Care Providers in the Health Care Facilities of Dodoma Region, Tanzania

Background: The Gender Based Violence (GBV) screening rate among health care providers is low despite the strategies to initiate GBV screening set by the Ministry of Health in Tanzania through implementation fidelity.This proposed study is an attempt to fill the gap by determining the GBV screening Implementation Fidelity, focusing on adherence to Protocols and Procedures in implementing GBV screening and factors affecting adherence to the implementation fidelity of GBV screening among the health care providers in the health facilities of Dodoma Region.Method: This was an analytical crosssectional study; quantitative approach.A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to obtain 384 healthcare providers.The Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from healthcare providers in health facilities of the Dodoma Region.SPSS was used for the analysis of descriptive statistics to determine the level of adherence, and logistic regression for factors affecting adherence to GBV screening.Objective: The objective is to assess the implementation fidelity of GBV screening among healthcare providers in the healthcare facilities of the Dodoma Region.Results: Doctors and nurses who were not trained on GBV screening were 305 (79.4%).There is a low level of adherence to the implementation fidelity of GBV screening among the health care providers in the Dodoma Region, where by 16.4% (63) adhered to GBV screening.Those who were not trained were less likely to adherence GBV screening practices compared to those who were trained (AOR = 0.206, p < 0.0001).Nurses were less likely to adhere to GBV screening practices in reference to the doctors (AOR = 0.46, p = 0.037).Those who disagreed with the statement that there were few opportunities to speak with women, were more likely to adhere to GBV screening practices (AOR = 2.8, p How to cite this paper:

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetics of Schizophrenia — New Findings

The 1998 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics was held in Bonn, Germany, from October 6th to the 10th. Since its inception in 1989, the meeting has grown rapidly in size, and 1998 was the first full-scale international meeting on psychiatric genetics. With over 450 participants, the meeting focused on a wide variety of genetic findings in neuropsychiatric disorders, including candidate genes and linkage studies, although the major theme continues to be the genetics of schizophrenia. Of the more than three hundred posters presented, about one third involved schizophrenia.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mirola and Bertoia in the Palazzo del Giardino, Parma

The frescoed rooms of the Sala di Ariosto and Sala del Bacio in the Palazzo del Giardino, Parma, have been attributed to the Parmesan artist Jacopo Bertoia. Contemporary documents and seventeenth-century guides suggest, however, that the little-known Bolognese artist Girolamo Mirola was responsible for those rooms. In addition, comparisons with Bertoia's documented frescoes in Rome and Caprarola and his accepted drawings confirm this new attribution. The authors conclude that Mirola, not Bertoia, designed the rooms, Mirola painted the entire Sala di Ariosto in ca. 1563, and both artists painted in the Sala del Bacio.

Topic: Historical Art and Architecture Studies
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Insect Biology Through Forensic Entomology

Teaching any course focused on insect biology at liberal arts colleges and universities offers unique challenges. First, such institutions, with only a few exceptions, are smaller than universities that confer traditional degrees. Consequently, an entomologist is usually the only “spineless” faculty member on campus, meaning there are no peers who teach or conduct research on any type of invertebrate. “Insects” as subject matter represent a second challenging aspect to being an entomologist on a small campus, and the reasons often depend on the geographic location of the institution. For example, insects are intimately linked to agriculture, and as a result, many topics in an entomology course examine the bases and consequences of relationships between insects, crops, livestock, and other agricultural commodities. However, students from large cities and other regions where agriculture is not emphasized in pre-college curricula generally do not relate to such topics. Despite these challenges, one universal connection to entomology, regardless of location, is that many individuals on campus, and not just students, think of entomologists as part of a freak show and insects as the sideshow. After all, you cannot be normal if you willingly work with insects. (There is some validity to that thought!)

One of the biggest challenges to teaching entomology is the changing ecosystem of college campuses. Individual programs and departments face …

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The sensitivity test of 2.45GHz RFID active tag

RFID active tag sensitivity is an important indicator of the tag, and its sensitivity is related to the location and orientation of the tag. However, in the actual application of the tag, its optimal working position and direction cannot be determined directly. Analysed the existing test method of active tag sensitivity, the test result of the tag sensitivity in any direction is used as the tag sensitivity. For the limitations of existing test methods, this paper presents a new idea and method for sensitivity testing of a 2.45GHz RFID active tag. Setting up the test environment used the biconical antenna, based on the sensitivity test in the stepping at the same angle in different directions, and the analysis algorithm based on measured data. The test experiment shows that the test result based on this method is rigorous and effective, and can be widely used in 2.45GHz RFID active tag sensitivity test.

Topic: RFID technology advancements
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Challenge to Normalcy: Political Opposition in Czechoslovakia, 1968–77

The most recent period of opposition to the Czechoslovak regime began with the onset of what has become known as 'normalisation' after the invasion by Warsaw Pact troops in August 1968. 'Normalisation' is here understood as an attempt to promote an ideologically motivated and consumer-orientated legitimation of an unpopular regime under the close supervision of the USSR which retains the prerogative of supreme arbitration and interpretation but prefers to work through domestic agents.KeywordsTrade UnionCommunist PartyCentral CommitteeOpen LetterPolitical PrisonerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Eastern European Communism and Reforms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Terahertz synthetic aperture in-line holography with intensity correction and sparsity autofocusing reconstruction

We demonstrate high-resolution and high-quality terahertz (THz) in-line digital holography based on the synthetic aperture method. The setup is built on a self-developed THz quantum cascade laser, and a lateral resolution better than 70 μm (∼λ) is achieved at 4.3 THz. To correct intensity differences between sub-holograms before aperture stitching, a practical algorithm with global optimization is proposed. To address the twin-image problem for in-line holography, a sparsity-based phase retrieval algorithm is applied to perform the high-quality reconstruction. Furthermore, a new autofocusing criterion termed “reconstruction objective function” is introduced to obtain the best in-focus reconstruction distance, so the autofocusing procedure and the reconstruction are unified within the same framework. Both simulation and experiment prove its accuracy and robustness. Note that all the methods proposed here can be applied to other wavebands as well. We demonstrate the success of this THz synthetic aperture in-line holography on biological and semiconductor samples, showing its potential applications in bioimaging and materials analysis.

Topic: Terahertz technology and applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Early versus delayed pulmonary rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial – Can we do it?

Providing outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following hospitalization for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has been found to improve exercise capacity, quality of life and a reduction in unplanned hospital admissions and mortality.1 These positive effects, although studied in the short term, have led to national and international guidelines supporting the provision of post-exacerbation PR (PEPR).2,3 However, uptake is poor with less than 10% of hospital discharges for AECOPD completing PEPR.4 We therefore considered whether it would be effective to delay PR for patients who have recently been hospitalized for their AECOPD.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Proper Names as a Target of Language Awareness

This paper looks first at the value of proper names in language awareness education by demonstrating their role in various fields of linguistics. It then deals with the role of proper names in three different areas of German language education: German as a mother tongue, German as a foreign language, and the multicultural classroom. The study reveals the marginal role of proper names in German language classes, mainly restricted to historical aspects such as the origin of place names or family names, while communicative, pragmatic or cultural aspects are neglected. Consideration of the role of proper names in language education suggests that they lend themselves to a holistic approach, as is the aim in language awareness, for they cover grammar as well as cultural learning or critical language awareness. Proposals are made regarding the teaching of proper names in the context of language awareness education within the German curriculum.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Profiling of the Polyphenol Content of Honey from Different Geographical Origins in the United States

The presence of phenolic compounds in honey can serve as potential authenticity markers for honey’s botanical or geographical origins. The composition and properties of honey can vary greatly depending on the floral and geographical origins. This study focuses on identifying the specific markers that can distinguish honey based on their geographical areas in the United States. The main approach presented in this study to identify the geographic origins of honey involves chemometric methods combined with phenolic compound fingerprinting. Sample clean-up and phenolic compound extraction was carried out using solid phase extraction (SPE). Reversed phase liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry were utilized for the separation of the compounds. The honey physicochemical qualities were predominantly determined via spectrophotometric methods. Multivariate statistical tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and partial-least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed as both classification and feature selection tools. Overall, the present study was able to identify the presence of 12 potential markers to differentiate the honey’s geographical origins. The total phenolic content ranged from 81.6 to 105.7 mg GAE/100 g corresponding to honey from Colorado and Washington, respectively (GAE: gallic acid equivalents). The regression analysis shows a tendency for the total phenolic content of honey to increase as the color of honey increases. The most important result obtained in this study is the demonstration that the geographical origin of honey plays a critical role in predicting the physical properties and phenolic composition of honey.

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences