jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Control of Root-Knot Nematodes on Florida Truck Farms

Starvation. Culture of an immune cover crop during the summer with constant cultivation to keep down weeds and prevent encysting. Soil Fumigation. Use of a combined treatment of sodiun cyanide and ammonium sulphate; Calcium cyanamid; calcium cyanide;. sulphur Heat as a control measure. Flooding as a control measure. Incidental control of insects in the soil.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of high-temperature annealing on magnetic aftereffects in vacancy-doped magnetite (abstract)

A well-defined new magnetic relaxation phenomenon has recently1 been reported at high temperatures (400–500 K) in polycrystalline magnetite samples of composition Fe3−ΔO4 (10−5&amp;lt;Δ&amp;lt;10−1). We have found that when the temperature of such samples is raised to 650 K or more, on a second measurement of the aftereffects, this magnetic relaxation is found to have almost completely annealed out. This paper presents measurements of ac initial susceptibility and magnetic disaccommodation reflecting this annealing phenomenon. The influence of high-temperature annealing on magnetic properties is attributed to the attainment of a new thermodynamic equilibrium.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ltor PROCESSES MALE TÚNGARA MATING CALLS

It's a warm Panamanian evening and male Physalaemus frogs are out crooning to their females. But with many other species serenading in the night's air, how do túngara females pick out their mates from the rest of the hullabaloo? Lisa Mangiamele and Sabrina Burmeister from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explain that, `Sensory systems respond selectively to information in the environment – extracting some stimulus features while discarding others.' According to Burmeister, females respond to the drop in frequency as the male's whine glissandos from 900 to 400 Hz. They also respond equally well to a synthesised two-tone call that drops from 800 Hz to 500 Hz tone; the underlying two-tone signature is all that a túngara female needs to correctly select a mate of her own species. Knowing that a transcription factor, egr-1, is produced in brain tissue in response to stimulation, the duo decided to identify the regions of the female brain that are involved in processing the males' serenades by looking for evidence that the egr-1 gene had been activated in the brain after listening to natural and simulated mating calls (p. 2911).The duo found that one tiny region of the female's brain, the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis (Ltor), responded to both the males' whining glissando and the signature two-tone simulation, suggesting that Ltor is the `neural analyser for call recognition'. Other regions of the auditory brainstem and thalamus also responded to the males' full-spectrum call, but they failed to activate egr-1 in response to the two-tone signature, leading the duo to conclude, `Ltor activation is sufficient to explain species recognition decisions for female túngara frogs.'

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors Associated With Refusal of Intramuscular Vitamin K in Normal Newborns

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Refusal of intramuscular (IM) vitamin K administration by parents is an emerging problem. Our objective was to assess the frequency of and factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration in well newborns in the United States. METHODS: We determined the number of newborns admitted to well newborn units whose parents refused IM vitamin K administration in the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network and, in a nested patient-control study, identified factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration by using a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of 102 878 newborns from 35 Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns sites, parents of 638 (0.6%) refused IM vitamin K administration. Frequency of refusal at individual sites varied from 0% to 2.3%. Exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–5.5), non-Hispanic white race and/or ethnicity (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.4), female sex (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3), gestational age (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4), and mother’s age (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were significantly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration. Refusal of the administration of both ocular prophylaxis and hepatitis B vaccine was also strongly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration (aOR = 88.7; 95% CI: 50.4–151.9). CONCLUSIONS: Refusal of IM vitamin K by parents of newborns is a significant problem. Interventions to minimize risks to these newborns are needed.

Topic: Vitamin K Research Studies
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
General relativistic quasi-spherical accretion in a dark matter halo

Context. The Bondi spherical accretion solution has been used to model accretion onto compact objects in a variety of situations, from interpretation of observations to subgrid models in cosmological simulations. Aims. We aim to investigate how the presence of dark matter (DM) alters the dynamics and physical properties of accretion onto supermassive black holes on scales ranging from ~ 10 pc to the event horizon. Methods. In particular, we investigate Bondi-like accretion flows with zero and low specific angular momentum around supermassive black holes surrounded by dark-matter halos by performing 1D and 2.5D general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRHD) simulations using the black hole accretion code (BHAC). Results. We find notable differences in the dynamics and structure of spherical accretion flows in the presence of DM. The most significant effects include increases in density, temperature, and pressure, as well as variations in radial velocity both inside and outside the regions containing DM or even the production of outflow. Conclusions. This investigation provides valuable insights into the role of cosmological effects, particularly DM, in shaping the behavior of accretion flows and black holes (BHs). Our simulations may be directly applicable to model systems with a large black hole-to-halo mass ratio, which are expected to be found at very high redshifts.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sequencing: Not Always the “Gold Standard”

For the detection of point mutations (or variant alleles), PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection is widely used and is probably one of the simplest methods for detection of known mutations. This method depends on the fact that the mutation of interest disrupts a recognition sequence for a restriction enzyme. When a restriction site is not present around the mutation, mismatch primers need to be designed that do create a restriction site. Such a mismatch primer is thus usually located directly adjacent to the mutated nucleotide. We validate our PCR-RFLP assays by direct sequencing of the PCR product. In two of our assays, however, we found that none of the three samples found to be heterozygous by PCR-RFLP was confirmed as heterozygous by direct sequencing.

Detection of the CYP3A53 polymorphism (A6986G) is based on amplification of a 293-bp DNA fragment digested with Ssp 1 (1). For amplification, we used 40 pmol of primers P1 (5′-CATGACTTAGTAGACAGATGAC-3′) and P2 (5′-GGTCCAAACAGGGAAGAAATA-3′) in a final volume of 50 μL. The reverse primer P2 [which contains a mismatch (underlined nucleotide) to create a restriction site for the Ssp 1 restriction enzyme] is located directly next to the mutated nucleotide. Fig. 1A⇓ shows the …

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Digital information mining technology based on principal component analysis

With the evolution of large computer data, every corner of the society is filled with a variety of text information. Indeed, large data information that need manage by people has been unable to meet the rapid development of society. Therefore, the technology of efficient management and accurate positioning of vast quantities of text information has become a hot topic in the research community. In this article, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with the text data. The principle of principal component analysis, which has the least principle of data loss, replaces more variables with fewer synthetic variables. Indeed, our approach both reduces the dimensions of the original data variables, eliminates the correlation of the input variables, and improve the processing speed of digital information. Using principal component analysis and K - average algorithm of combining the method of original data preprocessing, the experimental results also verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Repair of cicatricial contracture in face and neck regions with expanded skin flap].

Expanded skin flap is the best flap for repairing cicatricial deformity in face and neck regions after burn. Expanded cicatricial skin and expanded skin of remote region are good choices when normal skin is not available nearby.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Compost Type, Application Rate, and Maturity on Nutrient Leaching and Soil Nutrient Levels

The application of compost to agricultural soils can increase nutrient leaching, causing several environmental problems. Conversely, proper management of compost application can reduce environmental risks. Agronomical trials were conducted in greenhouses in Morocco to compare the effects of varying compost application rates, types, and maturity, as well as the number of growing days, on nutrient availability and nitrate leaching in a loamy sandy soil. Additionally, the study examined the impacts of these factors on soil physical and chemical characteristics. The compost used in this study was derived from a combination of two cost-effective materials, municipal waste, and poultry manure. Tomato plants were cultivated in pots amended with compost over a period of 65 days. The soils were treated with eight composts (plus a control) obtained from municipal solid waste (MSW) mixed with poultry manure (PM) at two ratios, 3:2 and 2:3 weight weight−1 (ww−1) (C1 and C2, respectively), used at two different ages (105 days and 173 days) and at two doses (32.5 g pot−1 and 65 g pot−1, equivalent to 40 Mg ha−1 and 80 Mg ha−1). Two simulated leaching events (the first after planting and the second at harvest) were performed. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in leachate varied with the number of growing days and increased in the leachate of the non-amended soil after planting. At both sampling times, compost C1, aged 173 days (d), significantly decreased COD in the leachate compared to compost C1 aged 105 d. Compost increased nitrate leaching compared with the non-amended soil. Nitrogen leaching was primarily in the form of nitrate, ranging from 61% to 78% over the whole experimental period. Compost also decreased leachate concentrations of iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr), for other metals, such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), values were very low. Moreover, compost increased total organic carbon by up to twofold at both sampling times, with the most substantial increase observed with a dose of 65 g pot−1 of compost C2 (aged 105 days). Most compost treatments also increased available phosphorus (P), inorganic nitrogen (N), total nitrogen (TNK), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and electrical conductivity (EC) at both sampling times but had no effect on pH. The metal content in the soil exhibited a decrease compared to the control soil. Overall, our study suggests that nitrogen leaching can be reduced by optimizing compost rates, properties, and stability to synchronize with crop needs.

Topic: Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MEASURING COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR IN CONTEMPORARY MULTIPLAYER GAMES

Social aspects of multiplayer games are well known as contributors to game success, with online friendships and socialization expected to expand and strengthen a player-base. Understanding the nature of social behavior and determining the impact of cooperation on gameplay is thus important to game design. In this work, we make use of data exposed through in-game and web-based API's of two contemporary multiplayer games, World of Warcraft and Halo: Reach. We use this data to investigate the extent of cooperation among players and the effect on individual player behavior. We moreover show how the quantitative assessment of cooperative behavior can be used to isolate potential problem areas in games which may require additional balancing. We first monitor group health and position to measure the pacing of a cooperative scenario in World of Warcraft. We measure a scenario's pacing as the temporal progression of its difficulty, which directly reflects the required level of cohesion and coordination among the players in a group. Our results verify the informal perception that statically designed content becomes increasingly trivial as players obtain stronger stats, thus reducing the need for cohesion. Direct quantification of this behavior, as enabled by designs such as ours, allows for online, adaptive pacing that should better foster player community by consistently emphasizing the need for communication.The benefits of actual group behavior also has a reverse impact on game design. In our experiment involving Halo: Reach, our results demonstrate that players who enter as a group into the multiplayer matchmaking system have, on average, a significantly higher win-to-loss ratio than players who enter the matchmaking system alone. This gives them an advantage over less social players, and thus attests to the potential for refinement in group matchmaking techniques. In addition, our exploratory principal component analysis of individual player performances reveals a set of novel player types adapted to the multiplayer context and quite distinct from player types found in other game genres.From a general standpoint, the data collection techniques outlined in this thesis reveal the use of publically-accessible game APIs as a relatively unexplored yet promising source of insight into real-world gameplay behavior. Our results serve as evidence for two widely-assumed notions of multiplayer game design; the first, that static game content adversely affects a game's replayability and ultimately lessens the need for communication and cohesion among players. The second, that coordination among players provides a significant advantage over those who choose to play independently in a team-based setting.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of globulin from <i>Phaseolus angularis</i> (red bean)

Abstract Phaseolus angularis (red bean) seeds contain about 25% protein (dry basis), almost half of which is globulin. Similar to globulins from other Phaseolus species, 7S vicilin is the major fraction of red bean globulin (RBG), with 11S legumin as a minor component. The amino acid profile of RBG met or exceeded the FAO/WHO standard. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that RBG is a protein rich in α-helical and β-turn structures. RBG exhibited higher protein solubility than Supro 610, a commercial soy protein isolate, especially at acidic pHs, with minimal solubility at around pH 5.0. Compared to Supro 610, RBG had lower water hydration capacity and comparable fat binding capacity, which might be because of its lower surface hydrophobicity. RBG had higher emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability than Supro 610, but with poorer foaming properties.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of thymocytes in organ culture: Migrant cells with natural killer cell characteristics

Summary During organ culture of foetal thymic lobes, up to 5% of the thymic cells migrate out of the lobes and a majority of these have phenotypic characteristics of thymocytes or macrophages. Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) increases the number of these migrant cells, and cytotoxic cells can be detected which display natural killer cell surface markers. In contrast, although cytotoxic activity can be detected in cells from adult thymic fragments cultured with IL‐2, the cytotoxic activity is not detected with natural killer sensitive target cells. The appearance of natural killer‐like cells during the culture of foetal thymic lobes suggests that they are involved in differentiation events which occur at this time in the thymus.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Capitalism Expands but the Discourse is Radicalized: Whither ‘21st Century Venezuelan Socialism’?

‘Protagonistic democracy’, ‘initiative from below’, or ‘autonomous agency’ is presented by critical left supporters of Venezuelan socialism as counter-balancing Chavez’s statist top-down tendencies. Why should it only counter-balance and not go beyond Chavismo and any reified state power? This has to do with presenting it, often unwittingly, as an undifferentiated bloc, albeit internally highly democratic and empowering. What therefore needs to be highlighted is internal contradiction and differentiation within protagonistic democracy, so that what Marx in the Communist Manifesto once called ‘a line of march’ of the movement as a whole is emphasized – something overlooked by scholars like Michael Lebowitz. Without a ‘line of march’, the most radical democratic practices can get boxed into a ‘bloc’ fighting a reified, externalized enemy. ‘Class struggle’ gets reduced to a populist fight against ‘alien elements’, ‘conspiratorial foreign oligarchs’ and so on – is this not the experience of ‘21st century humanist socialism’ so far?

Topic: Political and Social Dynamics in Chile and Latin America
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Long-term bond strength of adhesive systems applied to etched and deproteinized dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and 12-month bond strength of two adhesive systems (Single Bond-SB and One Step-OS) applied to demineralized dentin (WH) and demineralized/NaOCl-treated dentin (H). Twenty flat dentin surfaces were exposed, etched, rinsed and slightly dried. For the H groups, a solution of 10% NaOCl was applied for 60 s, rinsed (15 s) and slightly dried. The adhesives were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and composite resin crowns were incrementally constructed. After 24 h (water-37 degrees C), the specimens was sectioned in order to obtain resin-dentin sticks (0.8 mm(2)). The specimens were tested in microtensile (0.5 mm/min) immediately (IM) or after 12 months of water storage (12M). The data (MPa) were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). Only the main factors adhesive and time were significant (p=0.004 and p=0.003, respectively). SB (42.3+/-9.1) showed higher bond strengths than OS (33.6+/-11.6). The mean bond strength for IM-group (42.5+/-8.7) was statistically superior to 12M (33.3+/-11.8). The use of 10% NaOCl, after acid etching, did not improve the immediate and the long-term resin-dentin bond strength.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of molecular monitoring methods for the evaluation of the activity of sulfate- and metal reducing bacteria (SMRBS) as an indication of the in situ immobilisation of heavy metals and metalloids.

Sulfate- and metal reducing bacteria (SMRBs) are known for their capacity to reduce and precipitate heavy metals and metalloids (HMM) as metalsulfides (Luptáková A et al, 1998), which have the characteristic of forming stable precipitates due to their very low solubility product. Therefore, we examined the potential of using the activity of SMRBs to create a bioreactive zone or barrier for the in situ precepitation of heavy metals as a remediation strategy for heavy metal contaminated groundwater. In order to obtain insight in the ongoing biological processes for using this information to direct or optimize the in situ HMM- precipitation process, a monitoring strategy for sulfate- reduction activity of SMRBs must be designed using molecular methods. Here, we report the results of batch and column experiments which demonstrate the feasibility to stimulate the endogenous SRB- population, resulting in the in situ precipitation of HMM as sulfide complexes. Moreover, the sustainability of the in situ HMM precipitation wa s shown. For the development of molecular monitoring methods, the community structures of different bacterial consortia, obtained from bioreactors, was analysed by shotgun cloning of total community DNA followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA- gene. The SRB- specific 16S rRNA- primerset SRB385R- 907F was used but this specificity to specifically amplify the 16S rRNA- gene of SRBs was low. Also, the dsr (dissimilatory sulfite reductase)- gene specific DSR1F- DSR4R primerset showed sometimes after amplification of the dsr- genes as part of the community structure analysis satellite bands on agarose gel. Present work is concentrating on the isolation and identification of SRB- strains in the different bacterial cultures. Shotgun cloning of the 16S rRNA- and dsr- gene of the strains and total community DNA will give the information that is necessary for the optimization of existing SRB- specific primers and design of new primers. These primers will be used for the development of monitoring techniques.

Topic: Mine drainage and remediation techniques
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Cycloaddition Reagents for Rigidly Attaching the 1,4‐Dimethoxynaphthalene Chromophore to Scaffold Alkenes.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences