jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Zika Virus Public Health Crisis and the Perpetuation of Gender Inequality in Brazil

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>In 2015-2017, the Americas experienced a highly consequencial epidemics for pregnancy and childbearing. Mainly transmitted by the mosquito <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>, but also through sexual intercourse, the Zika virus poses the risk of congenital Zika syndrome to fetus, which includes microcephaly and other child development complications. When a public health crisis taps directly into reproductive health, typically a feminine realm, gender systems may reproduce deeply-rooted gender norms, especially those linked to cultural beliefs and expectations. This paper investigated the role of gender in two relational contexts: public health messaging to prevent Zika infections and women’s Zika and pregnancy prevention negotiation with their sexual partners during the Zika outbreak. <bold>Methods: </bold>We conducted a systematic content analysis of 94 unique pieces, governmental agencies mass-produced public health communication campaigns promoting Zika awareness. Print and online materials were collected for one year (May 2016-May 2017), such as TV ads, Internet Pop-ups, and pamphlets. We also analyzed transcripts from 16 focus groups we conducted with reproductive-aged women (18-40) in Belo Horizonte and Recife, two large cities differently affected by the Zika outbreak. Women answered open-ended questions related to personal knowledge of and experiences with the Zika virus, the related experiences of their friends and acquaintances, their primary information sources, and their perceptions of public health efforts and women’s contraceptive use.<bold>Results:</bold> Campaign pieces handling pregnancy and microcephaly demonstrated robust gendering, drastically targeting women, placing on their shoulders the responsibility for protecting a potential fetus from the disease. Campaigns neglected male´s participation on Zika prevention and contraceptive management, and failed to address Brazil´s large proportion of unplanned pregnancies. Women were placed in a double bind by being expected to prevent pregnancy and Zika amidst a relationship power dynamic that included unprotected sexual intercourse and gender norms regarding division of labor. <bold>Conclusion: </bold>Government and individual responses to the epidemics reinforced gender roles, situating pregnant women as responsible for averting mosquito bites and microcephaly, emphasizing prevention of both disease and vector among women while excluding men. Since low-socioeconomic status women possessed fewer resources to preclude infection, we also find that beyond the gender divide, this subgroup faced more pronounced Zika prevention challenges.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation of TCM grid-connected inverter based on STM32

Abstract In this paper, STM32 is used to realize the control of TCM grid-connected inverter, which replaces the traditional control mode of digital logic controller and MCU combination, and simplifies the controller structure. A simple method for calculating the negative driving voltage of gallium nitride is presented. In this paper, the circuit parameters of each part of TCM inverter are designed, and the design scheme of each part of the circuit is given. Finally, a 200W prototype is built to verify the feasibility of the design scheme.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric age, state of the art and review of the literature.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated relapsing disease caused by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa which is normally lacking these cells. EoE belongs to the group of the so called Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders (EGIDs). From a rare and unusual disease, EoE has become an emerging entity and in recent years its incidence and prevalence have increased all over the world, also in children. The pathogenesis is very complex and still not completely clear. Esophageal disfunction symptoms (e.g. dysphagia and food impaction) represent the typical manifestation of EoE and this condition could be difficult to recognize, more in pediatric age than in adults. Moreover, symptoms can often overlap with those of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), leading to a delayed diagnosis. EoE is often related to atopy and an allergological evaluation is recommended. Untreated EoE could provoke complications such as strictures, esophageal rings, narrowing of the esophagus. Diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration in biopsy specimens obtained through upper endoscopy of eosinophilic inflammation (>15 for high powered field) of the esophageal mucosa and other histological features. Other tests could be useful not specifically for the diagnosis, but for the characterization of the subtype of EoE. Since EoE incidence and knowledge about physiopathology and natural history have increased, the goal of the review is to provide some helpful tools for the correct management in pediatric age together with an overview about epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Serum gp100 as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Early-Stage Uveal Melanoma

Elevated serum gp100 is an independent biomarker of early metastatic risk in UM, even in the absence of clinical or genetic high-risk features. ELISA-based measurement of gp100 may support noninvasive stratification and personalized surveillance strategies in clinical practice.

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Seasonal variation in gonorrhoea incidence among men who have sex with men

Background After reviewing urethral gonorrhoea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) in Adelaide, Australia, we noticed peaks of gonorrhoea among MSM occurred predominantly in the first quarter of the year (January–March). The aim of this study was to formally test this hypothesis against data from a similar period at three sexual health services, one each in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of computerised records at the three Australian sexual health services. Potential risk factors for urethral gonorrhoea among MSM were also reviewed at the SASSH. Results: More peaks of gonorrhoea cases were observed in the first quarter of the year in Adelaide and Sydney and in the second and fourth quarter in Melbourne. Factors independently associated with urethral gonorrhoea at the SASSH were being a young MSM, especially those aged 25–29 (odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00–3.54), having more than one sexual partner (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43–2.04), having had sex interstate and overseas (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06–2.17), and presenting in the first quarter (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55). Conclusion: Our data suggest that gonorrhoea among MSM occurs in a seasonal pattern, particularly late summer into early autumn. This has implications for the provision of health services over the year and for the timing of health promotion activities.

Topic: Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Social media snooping on job applicants

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how HR professionals use social networking website information to evaluate applicants’ propensity to engage in counterproductive work behaviors and suitability for hire. Design/methodology/approach Using an experimental design, 354 HR professionals participated in a two-part study. In part 1, participants viewed a fictitious resume and rated the applicant’s likelihood to engage in counterproductive work behavior as well as likelihood of a hiring recommendation. In part 2, participants viewed a fictitious social networking website profile for the applicant and repeated the ratings from part 1. The authors analyzed their responses to determine the effect viewing a social network website (SNW) profile had on ratings of the applicant. Findings Unprofessional SNW information negatively affected ratings of applicants regardless of applicants’ qualifications, while professional SNW profile information failed to improve evaluations regardless of qualifications. Originality/value Anecdotal reports suggest that many employers use SNW information to eliminate job applicants from consideration despite an absence of empirical research that has examined how SNW content influences HR recruiters’ evaluation of job applicants. This study represents one of the first attempts to understand how HR professionals use such information in screening applicants. The findings suggest that unprofessional SNW profiles negatively influence recruiter evaluations while professional SNW profile content has little to no effect on evaluations.

Topic: Employer Branding and e-HRM
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Low‐intrinsic‐stress and good‐adhesion alloy thin films

This paper illustrates that evaporated Ti–Cr alloy films have excellent adhesion on glass and also lower intrinsic stress. The intrinsic stress of this alloy film can be controlled by the alloy content, and the stress varies linearly with respect to Ti content in the film. The method of stress measurement, thin‐film‐composition determination, the critical thickness of the Ti–Cr film on glass, and the reason for low intrinsic stress are presented.

Topic: Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Factors associated with knowledge about the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke among youth in Bangladesh

Background: Despite the high prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among Bangladeshi adults, little is known about the knowledge regarding the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke among the youth aged 15-24 years in Bangladesh. Against this background, the present study was conducted among the youth in Bangladesh to ascertain their levels of knowledge regarding health effects of secondhand smoke and its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 656 respondents between the age of 15-24 years old selected by multistage cluster sampling. This study was conducted in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Data was analyzed using Chi square testing and multivariate logistic regression.Results: The proportion of good, average and poor knowledge scores among respondents were 30.5%, 50.0% and 19.5% respectively. Age and education were significant independent predictors of good knowledge. Furthermore, education and gender were tended as independent predictor of average knowledge. OR for age: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.25); OR for education: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.40).Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study found that less than one-third of the youth had a good level of knowledge on secondhand smoke health effects. The government needs to focus more on less-educated individuals and adolescents if a successful policy is to be implemented.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Figure S2 from The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2 shows the numbers of Î³Î' T, IFN-Î³+ Î³Î' T, NK and IFN-Î³+ NK cells in the colon of control and cKO mice treated with AOM and DSS.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of GM-CSF on tumor-specific immune response and antitumoral efficacy when combined with suicide gene therapy

e14610 Background: Suicide gene therapy is one of the promising treatment modalities in cancer treatment. Combination of an immunotherapy modality with suicide gene therapy would increase the tumor eradciating efficacy of either treatment strategy used alone. Methods: In the current study, we constructed adenoviral vectors carying ytosine deaminase (CD), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vectors. We tested the in vitro efficacy of the vectors in both human and mouse tumor cell lines and in a syngeneic mouse model of colon cancer with tumor explants of CRL 2638 cells. Results: Our results show that the vectors carrying CD/GM-CSF transcription units are effective in terms of killing of tumor cells when 5-FC added. Addition of GM-CSF transgene induced a significant amount of GM-CSF secretion (250 pg/ml/105 cells) of infected cells. In the syngeneic colon cancer model, addition of GM-CSF significantly increased tumor-specific cellular immune response when compared to suicide gene therapy alone. (p&lt;0.01). Likewise, GM-CSF addition caused a 8 times reduction in the ratio of Tregs infiltrating the tumor nodules (p&lt;0.001). Accordingly, GM-CSF decreased the tumor growth by 2 times an d increased the median survival time by 50% (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: These impressive results of in-vitro cytotoxicity and encouraging results of in-vivo testing of the our newly constructed GM-CSF carrying vector suggest a potential for the use of the vector for the treament of established tumors by inducing tumor specific immune response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
1.06-µm and 1.44-µm Nd:YAG lasers with apodized reflectors

One of the present tasks in high-power solid-state laser development is to increase the beam quality. For 1.06 micrometer Nd:YAG lasers with unstable resonators, superGaussian outcoupling mirror can be used to obtain a high central intensity peak. Still, it contains less than half the power. Part of the rest should be focusable if bifocusing is avoided by birefringence compensation. If used with stable resonators, graded reflectivity mirrors were able to reduce the maximum beam parameter product from 16 to 10 mm*mrad. The maximum output power of 360 W remained unchanged. For 1.44 micrometer Nd:YAG lasers, which are used in laser medicine, apodized gratings have to be used instead of gradient mirrors. Preliminary investigations and first results are presented

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The impact of workplace bullying on individual and organisational well-being in a South African context and the role of coping as a moderator in the bullying-well-being relationship.

The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of workplace&#13;\nbullying on individual and organisational outcomes. Additionally the study&#13;\nattempted to determine the moderating effects of four coping strategies due&#13;\nto the effects of workplace bullying on the individual, namely, seeking help,&#13;\navoidance, assertiveness and doing nothing. The Negative Acts&#13;\nQuestionnaire-Revised was used to assess the perceptions of workplace&#13;\nbullying within a construction company. A coping scale measuring the four&#13;\ncoping strategies proposed, and which relates to the subject of workplace&#13;\nbullying, was modified and validated on a South African sample. The&#13;\nanalyses used for the study was that of moderated multiple regression. The&#13;\npurpose was to determine the main effects of workplace bullying on the&#13;\ndependent variables, namely, psychological well-being, self esteem, job&#13;\nsatisfaction and intention to leave. Secondly, it was used to assess the&#13;\nmoderating effects of the four coping strategies on the dependent variables&#13;\ndue to the impact of workplace bullying. The results reported main effects for&#13;\nworkplace bullying on the dependent variables, however inverse relationships&#13;\nwere reported for workplace bullying on job satisfaction and intention to&#13;\nleave. Secondly, an interaction effect for all four of the coping strategies on&#13;\npsychological well-being was reported, although inverse relationships were&#13;\nfound for the coping strategies of avoidance and doing nothing on&#13;\npsychological well-being. Furthermore, an interaction effect for the coping&#13;\nstrategy of avoidance was reported for self esteem. Direct effects were&#13;\nreported between the coping strategy of seeking help and psychological wellbeing,&#13;\nas well as between the coping strategy of avoidance and job&#13;\nsatisfaction, albeit the latter was inverse in nature. Confounding variables&#13;\nwere also assessed in order to account for any spuriousness within the data.&#13;\nThe covariate of race demonstrated a significant, yet inverse effect on&#13;\nintention to leave. No moderating effects for job satisfaction and intention to&#13;\nleave were reported. A discussion of these findings, the limitations of the&#13;\nresearch and theoretical implications of the present study are noted. In&#13;\naddition, advances made by the present research towards a greater&#13;\nunderstanding of workplace bullying and coping within South Africa are&#13;\nacknowledged. Furthermore, recommendations for future research on&#13;\nworkplace bullying and coping are elaborated on.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
German as a Pluricentric Language in Teacher Education at the Universities of Rio de Janeiro *

A pluricentric perspective of the German language has been established in German as a Foreign Language teaching since the 1980s (with the ABCD theses). Organizations such as the International Association of Teachers of German (IDV) promote this standpoint currently through the DACH principle. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the linguistic and cultural diversity of the German-speaking areas. Although this is a topic widely discussed in conferences and publications, there is little empirical research on how this issue has been addressed, especially in teacher education and in non-German-speaking countries. This chapter will focus on the pluricentric approach in German undergraduate courses at the universities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In order to investigate this approach, we analyzed the teaching material used in class and conducted questionnaires with university lecturers and students. In the teaching material analysis, we identified characteristics of a pluricentric approach, although they were present superficially. Standard Austrian German and Standard Swiss German appear always marked and compared to the Standard German German. The findings indicate that a pluricentric approach of the German language in the Portuguese/German programs at the universities of Rio de Janeiro is still in its early stages.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Mechanism of the Low-K Stress Reduction in Chip Assembly by Shorter Solder Bump Height

To solve the low-k delamination in chip assembly for high-end servers, our hypothesis is proposed that the low-k stress is determined by the bending moment and the stress relaxation of a joint. In our hypothesis, the low-k stress decreases as the joint height (SnAg bump height) becomes shorter, such as below 80μm, in 150μm-pitch joints. Our hypothesis is supported by simulation, in which the low-k stress is investigated as a function of the joint height, the joint material and also the joint width (the joint pitch). Finally, experiments are performed to evaluate the low-k delamination as a function of the joint height and our hypothesis is also supported by experiments.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The new version compared with some old ones (more especially with Matthew's, 1537)

Journal Article The new version compared with some old ones (more especially with Matthew's, 1537) Get access R. R. R. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-XII, Issue 288, 4 July 1885, Pages 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-XII.288.1 Published: 04 July 1885

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A credit risk assessment system for the small and medium enterprises in China

Credit risk assessment is very important to the small and medium enterprises in China. In this paper, a credit risk assessment system for the small and medium enterprises is proposed. In order to evaluate the credit risk, the features of Chinese small and medium enterprises are analyzed first, and then a credit risk assessment index system is built up and a proper method is chosen to assess the credit risk using the index system. At the end of this paper, a prototype credit risk assessment is shown through some screens.

Topic: Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The effects and usefulness of blending asynchronous online discussion with face-to-face classes on students’ reading comprehension, participation and learning at first year of secondary school in Saudi Arabia

This study examined the effects and usefulness of blending asynchronous online discussion (AOD) with face-to-face (FTF) reading classes on first-year Saudi Arabian secondary school students’ Arabic reading comprehension, participation, interaction and learning processes. A sequential mixed methodology approach was applied, including quantitative and qualitative research data collection and analysis. Two teachers and 64 students participated. The first part involved a quasi-experimental quantitative design with two groups to examine the impact of BL on students’ comprehension scores. In the control group, 32 students participated in traditional FTF learning only. In contrast, 32 students in the experimental group participated in both FTF and AOD learning via 12 online group discussions over six weeks. Both groups were given the same pre-and post-comprehension tests. The second part involved qualitative semi-structured interviews with 16 students from the experimental, blended group and the two teachers. The third part involved quantitative and qualitative analysis of the AODs. The main finding of this study was that students in the experimental BL group did not improve significantly more than those in the FTF group in overall comprehension post-test scores, or literal, inferential and evaluative comprehension sub-levels. However a comparison within groups revealed that the experimental BL group demonstrated a significant improvement in test scores for overall and all sub-levels of comprehension while students in the control, FTF group only improved significantly in overall and literal comprehension. Overall, this study concludes that although there was no significant effect of blending AOD with FTF reading classes in terms of students’ reading comprehension compared to FTF learning, the integration of AOD design has the potential to benefit students’ participation, learning about comprehension strategies, and interaction. However, there were some challenges that must be considered. A number of recommendations are provided for designing effective AOD activities to support teaching and learning in Arabic reading classes.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences