jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development

This paper develops a model of growth and income inequalities in the presence of imperfect capital markets, and it analyses the trickle-down effect of capital accumulation. Moral hazard with limited wealth constraints on the part of the borrowers is the source of both capital market imperfections and the emergence of persistent income inequalities. Three main conclusions are obtained from this model. First, when the rate of capital accumulation is sufficiently high, the economy converges to a unique invariant wealth distribution. Second, even though the trickle-down mechanism can lead to a unique steady-state distribution under laissez-faire, there is room for government intervention: in particular, redistribution of wealth from rich lenders to poor and middle-class borrowers improves the production efficiency of the economy both because it brings about greater equality of opportunity and also because it accelerates the trickle-down process. Third, the process of capital accumulation initially has the effect of widening inequalities but in later stages it reduces them: in other words, this model can generate a Kuznets curve.

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship Between Homogeneous Bent Functions and Nagy Graphs

We study the relationship between homogeneous bent functions and some intersection graphs of a special type that are called Nagy graphs and denoted by Γ(n,k). The graph Γ(n,k) is the graph whose vertices correspond to (nk) unordered subsets of size k of the set 1,..., n. Two vertices of Γ(n,k) are joined by an edge whenever the corresponding k-sets have exactly one common element. Those n and k for which the cliques of size k + 1 are maximal in Γ(n,k) are identified. We obtain a formula for the number of cliques of size k + 1 in Γ(n,k) for n = (k + 1)k/2. We prove that homogeneous Boolean functions of 10 and 28 variables obtained by taking the complement to the cliques of maximal size in Γ(10,4) and Γ(28,7) respectively are not bent functions.

Topic: Coding theory and cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mental Health Peer Support across the Life Course: exploring the experiences of the lived experience workforce across youth, adult and older adult settings

Participation of those with lived and living experience is central to recovery-oriented philosophies and practices within mental health services. Such participation provides a bridge to improving understanding between service providers and people accessing services. In doing so, lived and living experience workers often contribute to more tailored service provision and, ultimately, better outcomes for service users. Due to the siloed nature of the mental health care system, little is known about how peer work varies over the lifespan. This paper was developed and written by a combination of lived experience experts and experts by training, through a collaborative, reflexive methodology. It considers the roles of consumer and carer peer workers across the age spectrum within a single, multi-faceted, large public mental health service. We examine the shared experiences of peer workers in different parts of the service from both peer worker and non-peer worker perspectives, as well as some of the unique challenges which characterise specific cohorts. We worked collaboratively to draw out these themes, and then identify their implications for practice for other services. We also illustrate some of the potential pitfalls in implementation and development of the peer workforce within clinical settings.

Topic: Family Support in Illness
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prognosis in malignant melanoma of the skin.Significance of stage of disease, anatomical site, sex, age and period of diagnosis

&lt;p&gt;Capital assets, such as manufacturing equipment, require maintenance to remain functioning. Maintenance can be performed when a component breaks down and needs replacement (i.e., corrective maintenance), or the maintenance and part replacement can be performed preventively. Preventive maintenance can be planned on a periodic basis (periodic maintenance), or it can be triggered by a certain monitored condition (condition-based maintenance). Preventive maintenance policies are gaining traction in the business world, but for many companies it is unclear what their impact is on the resulting inventory requirements for the spare parts that are used for the maintenance interventions. We study the impact of the maintenance policy on the inventory requirements and the corresponding costs for a setting that is realistic at an OEM in the compressed air industry. Preventive policies increase the total demand for spare parts compared to corrective maintenance, since the former do not exploit the entire useful life of the components. This leads to higher inventory requirements. At the same time, the preventive policies inhibit advance demand information, as the interventions, and correspondingly the spare parts demands, are planned in advance. Using a simulation study, we show that by using this advance demand information in managing the spare part inventory, the increase in inventory requirements of preventive maintenance policies can to a large extent be offset; for condition-based maintenance, we find that inventories can even be lower compared to corrective maintenance, provided that the advance demand information is used correctly when managing inventories. Our analysis sheds light on the behaviour of the inventory related costs under various maintenance policies.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian Devil (<i>Sarcophilus harrisii</i>)

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize the disfiguring and debilitating fatal neoplastic disease, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), which has recently affected a significant proportion of the wild population of Tasmanian Devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii). The diagnostic values of a number of immunohistochemical stains were employed to further characterize 50 representative cases. The neoplasms were negative for cytokeratin (0/48), epithelial membrane antigen (0/42), von Willebrand factor (vWF) (0/11), smooth muscle actin (SMA) (0/26), desmin (0/47), glial fibrillary acid protein (0/13), CD16 (0/13), CD57 (0/43), CD3 (0/18), and LSP1 (0/16). DFTD cells were positive for vimentin (50/50), S-100 (41/48), melan A (11/39), neuron specific enolase (35/35), chromogranin A (12/12) and synaptophysin (29/30). The cells were negative for amyloid (0/30) and stained negatively with Singh's silver (0/34) but were weakly argyrophilic (3/40) using Grimelius histochemical stain. These staining characteristics are consistent with cells of neuroectodermal origin.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Face Crossing over Rock Crosscut in Tucheng Mine

In order to improve the coal mining rate and to realize the concentrated stress in the rock crosscut released,according to the seam geological conditions of No.1512-18 coal mining face in Tucheng Mine,the paper analyzed the causes of large coal pillar left and low mining recovery rate of the conventional strike longwall mining.Thus the paper provided the mining method of the fully mechanized coal mining face crossing over rock crosscut analysis.With the on the gateway layout,support method,mining technology and mining result of the mining technology crossing rock crosscut,the paper stated that the longwall strike retreat mining method to cross over the rock crosscut could not only be feasible in the technology and safety,but also could have an economic benefit.

Topic: Geomechanics and Mining Engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Amiloride disposition in geriatric patients: importance of renal function.

1. The absorption and disposition of the potassium sparing diuretic amiloride were determined in nine elderly patients aged 71 to 87 years and in eight young (25 to 38 years) subjects following oral administration of 5 mg amiloride HCl daily to steady‐state. 2. The maximum and steady‐state plasma amiloride concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001) higher in the elderly patients. The renal clearance of amiloride was lower in the elderly than in young subjects (102 +/‐ 36 ml min ‐1 vs 300 +/‐ 64 ml min‐1, P less than 0.001) as was the urinary excretion of amiloride (36 +/‐ 13 vs 62 +/‐ 18% of the dose, P less than 0.01). 3. The steady‐ state plasma amiloride concentration correlated significantly (r2 = 0.61, P less than 0.001) with amiloride renal clearance and with creatinine clearance (r2 = 0.59, P less than 0.001). There was a very strong positive correlation between renal amiloride clearance and creatinine clearance (r2 = 0.76, P less than 0.001). The slope of the regression line was 2.5 indicating substantial proximal tubular secretion of amiloride. 4. Sodium and potassium excretion, along with urine volume were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the elderly (by 39, 45 and 34% respectively). 5. The disposition of amiloride was highly dependent on renal function, with higher plasma amiloride concentrations in the elderly reflecting diminished renal function. The dose of amiloride should be titrated to individual response, and the lower potassium excretion in the elderly patients suggests that the dose of amiloride could be reduced in this group of patients.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Glycophorin-induced differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines.

Human myelogenous leukemic cell lines, U-937, ML-1, and THP-1, were induced to differentiate into maturing macrophage-like cells upon treatment with any glycophorins from either human, monkey or cow erythrocyte membrane. The differentiated cells expressed lower growth potential, and higher nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing activity, Fc-receptor, phagocytic activity and non-specific esterase activity. The differentiation-inducing activities of the glycophorins were significantly reduced after neuraminidase treatment. On the other hand, sialic acid and colominic acid (a polymer of sialic acid) were inactive. These results suggest that some conformational requirement involving the linkage of sialic acid residues in the glycoproteins is necessary for the observed differentiation-inducing activity.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new type of balanced-bridge controlled oscillator

A novel bridge-stabilized crystal oscillator circuit having exceptional temperature stability is described. The contribution to the oscillator temperature coefficient from the circuit components (exclusive of the crystal) is reduced to about 10/sup -11///spl deg/C, which is several orders of magnitude better than conventional oscillator circuits. This avoids a situation where the overall tempco is limited by circuit component drift rather than crystal stability, which can easily occur with conventional circuits when the crystal is ovenized at a turnover point. Previous attempts to use a bridge in an oscillator were made by Meacham, who used an imperfectly balanced bridge, and Sulzer, who used a balanced pseudo-bridge. The reasons why these are unsatisfactory are discussed. Although the bridge greatly reduces reactive frequency pulling, it does not directly address the additional issue of pulling due to variations in crystal drive current amplitude. However, it is an enabling technology for a novel ALC circuit with greatly improved stability. The new bridge controlled oscillator is also much less sensitive to other environmental effects such as humidity, power supply voltage, load impedance, and stray capacitance.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of <i>VEGF</i> Gene Polymorphisms in Elderly Cancer Patients: Clinical Outcome and Toxicity

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are the key regulators in angiogenesis and have been shown to play a significant role in the progression and prognosis of angiogenesis-related diseases, such as cancer. VEGF inhibitors are a current pharmacological tumoral strategy. However, despite the strong association between aging and cancer incidence and progression, recent findings suggest impaired angiogenesis accompanied by a reduced expression of VEGF in cells derived from aging subjects. Specific variations of VEGF genes have been demonstrated to be genetic determinants for susceptibility, outcome and therapy response, especially for the solid tumors. Considering the complications present in frail elderly patients, analysis of VEGF genetic polymorphisms in these subjects may further help in tailoring an angiogenic pharmacological strategy, and in improving our ability to better understand prognosis during therapy-related to cancer.

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Parent Perceptions of Preadolescent Giftedness and Self Concept

Parent perceptions of preadolescent giftedness with regard to the social-emotional development and self-concept of their children were investigated for this study. This study utilized a qualitative approach through information provided by the parents of 21 preadolescent children, with IQ‘s of 110 and above, who participate in a suburban school districts gifted and talented / enrichment program. Interviews were conducted with each parent and included 7 open-ended questions that were intended to elicit personal views regarding their child‘s social-emotional development and self-concept. Information from these interviews, incorporated with the background and demographic questionnaire were examined for potential themes and patterns with the intent to interpret these data and draw conclusions about their meaning, relevant to giftedness. Common themes expressed by the respondents were humor, noticeable sensitivity, a positive evolution of social-emotional development, positive discipline practices, extra-curricular experiences, and progressive social relationships.

Topic: Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Role of Attitude Strength in Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract This chapter explores the role that attitude strength plays in influencing behaviors relevant to COVID-19. Strong attitudes are those that are durable and impactful in guiding behavior. After explaining the antecedents and consequences of strong attitudes, the first part of this chapter focuses on two techniques that have proven successful in changing deeply entrenched views. The first relies on matching the message to some characteristic of the attitude, such as presenting moral arguments to those whose attitudes are based on morality. The second involves using a two-sided, rather than the traditional one-sided, message to render people more open to opposing views. The second half of the chapter describes research on when strong attitudes are more likely to govern behavior than weak ones versus when the opposite is more likely. Evidence is provided for the idea that when a self-threat is salient, weak attitudes can be more effective in guiding behavior than are strong attitudes because of efforts to compensate for the threat by bolstering one’s weakly held views. For each topic, suggestions for future research are included.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Photosynthetic pigments activity in plants leaves under the conditions of weather anomalies

The global climate change growing rate causes an increase in the frequency of weather anomalies, expressed in seasonally atypical temperature rises in various regions. Meteorological anomalies affect all components of living ecosystems, in particular  plant communities, and often have a negative impact, resulting in suppression of its components physiological functions, including photosynthetic activity of plants. In 2021, 2022 and 2024, summer weather anomalies were recorded in St. Petersburg at different pheno-phases of vegetation. In all three cases, the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls A and B, carotenoids) in leaves of higher plants was measured under conditions of exposure to the stress caused by seasonally atypical for the region weather conditions, as well as after the end of this factor impact in order to consider the plants capacity to restore photosynthetic pigments levels. It was shown that weather anomalies occurring in the earlier vegetation stages, when most plants of the studied region have not yet reached their maximum resistance to external stress, cause the most significant changes in their physiological state, which is slowly and not fully recovered after weather conditions normalization, while in the later pheno-phases chlorophylls levels were preserved to a greater extent.

Topic: Soil and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Solubility and Density of Chloric Acid + Sodium Chlorate Solutions

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility and Density of Chloric Acid + Sodium Chlorate SolutionsBrian Crump, M. F. Hoq, Bhart Indu, and W. R. ErnstCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 5, 1106–1110Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00021a016https://doi.org/10.1021/je00021a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19 has spread worldwide and caused pneumonia-like illness similar to that caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Apart from lung injury, coronaviruses cause severe cardiovascular disorders. Studies have confirmed that COVID-19 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter the host cell similar to SARS-CoV. ACE2 receptors are found in various body organs including lungs, heart in kidneys. The most common complication observed are acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury and cardiovascular disorders including myocarditis, cardiac arrythmias and myocardial infarction. It can also cause acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Almost 20% of patients progress to severe condition. Patients with underlying cardiovascular disorders have poor prognosis. It is believed that ACEI/ARBS can alleviate the cardiovascular problems in COVID-19 patients. Hence, the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and complications should be carefully considered.

Topic: COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of System of Wheat Intensification Technique on Growth Parameters of Organic Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to study the 'Effect of System of Wheat Intensification technique on growth parameters of organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)'.The pooled data recorded that SWI technique has significant and highest plant height (109.71cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (22.38), highest plant dry weight (26.814 g/ hill) and maximum number of effective tillers/ hill (21.73) at 90 DAS.The pooled data also recorded Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed significant and highest crop growth (19.358g/ m 2 / day) at 75 to 90 DAS intervals.Considering farm yard manure (16 t/ ha) pooled data showed significantly maximum number of tillers/ hill (22.29), higher plant dry weight (26.497 g/ hill), crop growth rate (17.591 g/ m 2 / day) and maximum number of effective tillers/ hill (21.59) at 90 DAS was recorded.Further, significantly taller plant height (108.76 cm) by S 1 (Poultry manure, 2.6 t/ ha) at 90 DAS in pooled was recorded. K e y w o r d sOrganic wheat, SWI(t), Planting methods, Organic sources of nutrient and Growth parameters

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Preliminary research on the occurrence of protozoa of the genus &lt;i&gt;Theileria&lt;/i&gt; in ticks in Eastern Poland

Introduction and objective Protozoa of the genus Theileria transmitted by ticks cause a severe disease in animals, mainly ruminants. The aim of the project was to investigate the occurrence of protozoa Theileria spp. in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus species using molecular biology methods in the Lublin Province. Material and methods The research material was a group of 30 engorged female ticks removed from the host bodies. In laboratory conditions, the females laid eggs out of which some of the larvae emerged. Then, the isolated genetic material from females, eggs and larvae was analyzed by PCR using primers specific for the protozoa of the genus Theileria spp. Results In the study group of 30 female ticks, 15 females of the species Ixodes ricinus and 15 females of the species Dermacentor reticulatus were identified. In total, females laid 6,720 eggs, of which 2,440 larvae hatched (36.31%). Both eggs and larvae were tested in pools of 20. Theileria protozoa were detected neither in the tested DNA material isolated from females nor in egg and larvae isolates. Conclusions In Poland, there are few studies on Theileria spp. The tests for Theileria spp. showed negative results in the genetic material of females, eggs and larvae in both species of ticks. This made it impossible to draw conclusions about the potential role of transovarial transmission as a pathway for the spread of Theileria spp. in the environment. Summing up, the obtained results did not confirm the participation of the common ticks in the transmission of Theileria spp.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences