jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The distribution of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites in human plasma, pulmonary and bronchial tissues.

The disposition of ciprofloxacin and its pharmacologically active metabolites (sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and desethylenciprofloxacin) in plasma, lung and bronchial tissues was studied in 24 patients undergoing a partial or total resection of the lung. The patients were divided into four groups, a control group and groups in which ciprofloxacin (200 mg) was given i.v. 1, 2 and 3 h before surgery. The concentrations of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ciprofloxacin concentrations in lung tissue were four times and in bronchial tissue twice those in plasma (p less than 0.01). The individual tissue concentrations of ciprofloxacin correlated with the individual plasma concentrations (r = 0.95 for lung; r = 0.94 for bronchi; p less than 0.001). Metabolite concentrations in both tissues and plasma were 10- to 100-fold lower than the concentrations of ciprofloxacin. These data suggest that the concentrations of the parent compound are essential for the therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Introduction.

This chapter discusses the morphology and taxonomy of Phoma spp., a fungi pathogenic to plants. Illustrations of the different structures of Phoma spp. are presented, particularly those of P. herbarum [P. exigua var. exigua] (the dominating species).

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas with multiple liver metastases effectively treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with degradable starch microspheres--a case report].

A 57-year-old woman underwent distal pancreatectomy for malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas in 1991. One year later, multiple liver metastases appeared. Although three transcatheter arterial embolizations (TAE) with spongel and nine ethanol injections were performed over seven years, the tumors were growing gradually. Therefore, TAE with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) was selected. Under angiography, TAE of the left hepatic artery was done using 900 mg of DSM following injection of Farumorubicin (20 mg), Lipiodol (3 ml) and cisplatin (90 mg). The tumors in the embolized hepatic area were remarkably decreased in size, and satisfactory local control was obtained. Thereafter, TAE with DSM was carried out twice, and she is still living with outpatient treatment. Thus, it is suggested that TAE with DSM could be a promising, alternative therapeutic modality for liver metastases from malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of <i>Melia azedarach</i> (Meliaceae): A ComprehensiveReview

Abstract: Melia azedarach L., a species of the mahogany family (Meliaceae), has long been used as a folk medicine for various diseases. Recent studies on this plant revealed that this plant contains many interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifeedant, antidiabetic, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. A diverse range of organic compounds has been isolated from this species, such as triterpenoids, limonoids, degraded limonoids, steroids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolics. This review article will give a comprehensive overview of the chemical constituents and biological activity of Melia azedarach.

Topic: Phytochemical compounds biological activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploration of the Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat Respond to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus via Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics Study

Aluminum (Al) toxicity and low phosphorus availability (LP) are the top two co-existing edaphic constraints limiting agriculture productivity in acid soils. Plants have evolved versatile mechanisms to cope with the two stresses alone or simultaneously. However, the specific and common molecular mechanisms, especially those on flavonoids and carbohydrate metabolism, are still unclear. Laboratory studies were conducted on two wheat genotypes, Fielder (Al-tolerant and P-efficient) and Ardito (Al-sensitive and P-inefficient), exposed to 50 &amp;mu;M Al and 2 &amp;mu;M Pi (LP) in hydroponic solutions. After 4 days of stress, wheat roots were analyzed via transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic techniques. A total of 2296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1535 up and 761 down) under Al and 3029 DEGs (1591 up and 1438 down) under LP were identified in Fielder. Similarly, 4404 DEGs (3191 up and 1213 down) under Al and 1430 DEGs (1176 up and 254 down) under LP were identified in Ardito. The GO annotation analysis results that 4079 DEGs annotated to the metabolic processes term. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways by performing the KEGG enrichment analysis. The targeted metabolome analysis detected 19 flavonoids and 15 carbohydrate components in Fielder and Ardito under Al and LP. More responsive genes and metabolites were involved in flavonoid metabolism under LP than Al in the Fielder, while an opposite trend in the Ardito. In the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, the genes and metabolites were higher in Fielder than in Ardito. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that the flavonoid and carbohydrate genes and metabolites differed between Fielder and Ardito under Al and LP, which may be an important reason for Fielder&amp;rsquo;s high Al and LP resistance. The results of this study lay a foundation for pyramiding genes and breeding multi-resistance varieties.

Topic: Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Curating the Idea of Magna Carta

Abstract On 15th June 2015 Egham, the town adjacent to historic Runnymede in the United Kingdom, celebrated the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta. In this article the Curator of Egham Museum at the time of the anniversary reflects on the challenges of curating an exhibition exploring the significance and legacy of Magna Carta without the star attraction: a copy of the Charter itself. The article explores the challenges facing small museums in telling stories without objects, the importance of objects to the definition of a museum and its functions and offers examples of other attempts to create museum exhibitions and heritage experiences without objects. Through review and reflection on Egham Museum's Public History orientated approach to the lack of objects at its disposal: the paper discusses facilitation with communities to help celebrate their own heritage and create their own collection of objects that revealed what a valued ephemeral concept might mean to them.

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mycobacterium avium Complex Peritonitis in an Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patient

41ì¸ ì¬ì AIDS íìì íì¢ MAC ê°ì¼ì´ ë³µë§ì¼ì¼ë¡ ì§ë¨ë ì¬ë¡ë¥¼ ê²½ííìë¤. AIDS íììì MAC ë³µë§ì¼ì ë§¤ì° ëë¬¸ ìì´ë CD4 ì¸í¬ ìê° ê°ìíê³ HAART ììëê° ë®ì íììê²ì ê°ë³ ì§ë¨ì¼ë¡ MAC ê°ì¼ì ê³ ë ¤í´ì¼ í ê²ì´ë¤. ì¤ì¬ ë¨ì´: MAC ê°ì¼; ì¬ëë©´ì­ê²°íë°ì´ë¬ì¤; íì²ë©´ì­ê²°íì¦íêµ°; ë³µë§ì¼

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ratio Spreads

Ratio spreads involve the purchase of one quantity of an option and the sale of a different quantity of a second option of the same type, with the same underlying and the same expiration but with a different strike price. In ratio vertical spreads, the larger number of options is sold. In ratio volatility spreads, the larger number of options is purchased. Ratio vertical spreads involve substantial or unlimited risk, because they involve an uncovered short option. The risk of ratio volatility spreads is limited, but it can be greater than the amount paid to establish the position. The short-term price behaviour of ratio spreads can be analysed by creating theoretical value tables similar to those for single options. This chapter describes various strategies that involve the sale of uncovered futures options. These strategies are suitable only for traders who are psychologically and financially capable of assuming the risks of these strate-gies and who meet the requirements of their brokerage firms.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
AgEncID: Aggregate Encryption Individual Decryption of Key for FPGA Bitstream IP Cores in Cloud

Cloud computing platforms are progressively adopting Field Programmable Gate Arrays to deploy specialized hardware accelerators for specific computational tasks. However, the security of FPGA-based bitstream for Intellectual Property, IP cores from unauthorized interception in cloud environments remains a prominent concern. Existing methodologies for protection of such bitstreams possess several limitations, such as requiring a large number of keys, tying bitstreams to specific FPGAs, and relying on trusted third parties. This paper proposes Aggregate Encryption and Individual Decryption, a cryptosystem based on key aggregation to enhance the security of FPGA-based bitstream for IP cores and to address the pitfalls of previous related works. In our proposed scheme, IP providers can encrypt their bitstreams with a single key for a set S of FPGA boards, with which the bitstreams can directly be decrypted on any of the FPGA boards in S. Aggregate encryption of the key is performed in a way which ensures that the key can solely be obtained onboard through individual decryption employing the board's private key, thus facilitating secure key provisioning. The proposed cryptosystem is evaluated mainly on Zynq FPGAs. The outcomes demonstrate that our cryptosystem not only outperforms existing techniques with respect to resource, time and energy significantly but also upholds robust security assurances.

Topic: Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analisis Pengelolaan Ritel PT Angkasa Pura 1 di Bandar Udara Internasional Adi Soemarmo Surakarta

The purpose of this study: to analyze retail management at Adi Soemarmo International Airport, Surakarta; Describe the benefits of retail, supporting factors and inhibiting factors of retail management. This type of descriptive qualitative research. The results showed: Retail management planning, organizing, directing and supervising. An important benefit of retail at the airport is that passengers make it easier to find products. Supporting factors for managing retail promotions, large number of passengers, attractive physical evidence, and quality workforce. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors for managing retail where rent is expensive, access to the airport is not as easy as having your own retail store, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of passengers has dropped drastically.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Method for the Estimation of Crop Varieties Stability

Abstract A method for point and interval stability estimation of crop varieties or hybrids is suggested. The method makes it possible to estimate the ability of a genotype to combine high potential yield with minimal yield reduction under unfavourable conditions. The stability measure is a weighted sum of standardized deviations of a trait value from the mean in each trial (location or year) of an ecological experiment. The application of the method is illustrated by a numerical example.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
COVID-19 infection complicated by priapism

SARS-CoV-2 infections are accompanied by a high incidence of thromboembolic events. The infection is responsible for endothelial injury, with frequent presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies and a pro thrombotic state. All of these manifestations lead to localized thrombosis mainly in the lungs and much more rarely to arterial thrombosis. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who presented to the emergency room for priapism complicating a Covid-19 infection.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Carpooling EP 70

Ep 70 of the Carpooling podcast. In this episode Kristopher and D-Train discuss: - the ticking is back - D-Train gets all the achievements in Plants vs Zombies - Kris talks about going to see Classified in barrie. One of Kris’ favourite - D talks about being at different concerts. Like Korn - Bands who have different versions of the same song ENJOY!

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 172764: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on alfalfa in Serbia: Seasonal dynamics and pest status

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume and one of the most widely grown crops in Serbia. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the most significant groups of pests of that crop. Three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii, are considered as important pests of alfalfa in Serbia. The most abundant of them, T. trifolii, is more adapted to warmer temperatures and it is the predominant aphid species during summer months, while A. pisum is prevalent during the spring period. In warmer climates, an increasing abundance of T. trifolii and decreasing populations of A. pisum have been observed in alfalfa in Serbia. On the other hand, A. craccivora is a minor pest of alfalfa, which rarely occurs in high numbers. The present paper synthesizes the existing knowledge about these three aphid pests of alfalfa, including their morphology, biology, seasonal dynamics, pest status and effects of temperature on their development.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Oxalate ion as a sacrificial electron donor in the Ru(bpy)32+-methylviologen model photochemical system

Oxalate ion (C2O42−) reduces Ru(bpy)33+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) in aqueous solution, albeit with rather small rate constants (k = (1.0 ± 0.3) × 105 and (3 ± 1) × 104 M−1 s−1 for μ = 0.30 − 1.0 and 2.1 − 3.0 M respectively). As a result, the scavenging by C2O42− of photochemically-generated Ru(bpy)33+ (Ered° = 1.3 V) from the oxidative quenching (by methylviologen MV2+) of the lowest electronically excited state of Ru(bpy)33+ cannot compete satisfactorily with the electron transfer reaction between Ru(bpy)33+ and MV+, the reduced methylviologen cation radical (k ≈ 3 × 109 M−1 s−1). Thus the quantum yields of MV+ formation in the continuous photolysis of the Ru(bpy)32+ − MV2+ − C2O42− photochemical system are no higher than approximately 0.02, even under optimized conditions.

Topic: Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leveling the Playing Field: Bringing Development of Biomarkers and Molecular Diagnostics up to the Standards for Drug Development

Abstract Molecular diagnostics are becoming increasingly important in clinical research to stratify or identify molecularly profiled patient cohorts for targeted therapies, to modify the dose of a therapeutic, and to assess early response to therapy or monitor patients. Molecular diagnostics can also be used to identify the pharmacogenetic risk of adverse drug reactions. The articles in this CCR Focus section on molecular diagnosis describe the development and use of markers to guide medical decisions regarding cancer patients. They define sources of preanalytic variability that need to be minimized, as well as the regulatory and financial challenges involved in developing diagnostics and integrating them into clinical practice. They also outline a National Cancer Institute program to assist diagnostic development. Molecular diagnostic clinical tests require rigor in their development and clinical validation, with sensitivity, specificity, and validity comparable to those required for the development of therapeutics. These diagnostics must be offered at a realistic cost that reflects both their clinical value and the costs associated with their development. When genome-sequencing technologies move into the clinic, they must be integrated with and traceable to current technology because they may identify more efficient and accurate approaches to drug development. In addition, regulators may define progressive drug approval for companion diagnostics that requires further evidence regarding efficacy and safety before full approval can be achieved. One way to accomplish this is to emphasize phase IV postmarketing, hypothesis-driven clinical trials with biological characterization that would permit an accurate definition of the association of low-prevalence gene alterations with toxicity or response in large cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 18(6); 1515–23. ©2012 AACR.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A faster-acting and more potent form of tissue plasminogen activator.

Current treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) requires an intravenous infusion (1.5-3 h) because the clearance of tPA from the circulation is rapid (t 1/2 approximately 6 min). We have developed a tPA variant, T103N,N117Q, KHRR(296-299)AAAA (TNK-tPA) that has substantially slower in vivo clearance (1.9 vs. 16.1 ml per min per kg for tPA in rabbits) and near-normal fibrin binding and plasma clot lysis activity (87% and 82% compared with wild-type tPA). TNK-tPA exhibits 80-fold higher resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 than tPA and 14-fold enhanced relative fibrin specificity. In vitro, TNK-tPA is 10-fold more effective at conserving fibrinogen in plasma compared to tPA. Arterial venous shunt models of fibrinolysis in rabbits indicate that TNK-tPA (by bolus) induces 50% lysis in one-third the time required by tPA (by infusion). TNK-tPA is 8- and 13-fold more potent in rabbits than tPA toward whole blood clots and platelet-enriched clots, respectively. TNK-tPA conserves fibrinogen and, because of its slower clearance and normal clot lysis activity, is effective as a thrombolytic agent when given as a bolus at a relatively low dose.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of Parties in Legislative Campaign Financing

The purpose of the analysis presented in this paper is to examine the role that party organizations play in campaign finance systems of state legislative elections. Party organizations are found to be more likely to fund candidates in competitive elections and more likely to fund challengers than are nonparty organizations. The impact of an increased role for party organizations in campaign finance systems is illustrated by simulating the distribution of campaign money and the results of state legislative elections under different scenarios of party funding.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization and Production of Alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis IAS01 using agro-industrial by-product under SSF

Edible and non-edible oil cake utilized for alkaline protease production by Bacillus subtilis IAS01 (KF 761633) in SSF. Experimentally revealed that groundnut oil cake and palm oil cake mixed in a ratio of 5:5 (w/w) supported for protease production when compared to individual and mixed substrate. In addition to attain the maximum yield of this enzyme in appropriate fermentation conditions viz. moisture 30%, 72 h incubation, 20% inoculum, pH 9.0 and temperature 37°C with recorded 835.13±5.04 units per gram of substrate. These results indicate that mutual inoculants of groundnut oil cake and palm oil cake are potential substrate for alkaline protease production at low quantities of substrate. In feature its best opportunity for protease production at industrial level.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Survey of the Wright Spring Watershed

In order to ensure that no cultural resources will be affected by the proposed Wright Spring (Snaky Canyon) watershed project, an archeological survey was conducted on 250 acres of the Cloudcroft District, Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, in April 1978. The purpose of the Snaky Canyon watershed project is to alleviate the effects of an arroyo which is deeply entrenched within the valley. A variety of alternative plans for dealing with this arroyo have been formulated. These plans, and their projected impacts on cultural resources, are discussed in later sections of this report.\nOriginally the information in this record was migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. In 2014, as part of its effort to improve tDAR content, the Center for Digital Antiquity uploaded a copy of the document and further improved the record metadata.

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences