jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology and virulence factors of pneumocystis

<em>Pneumocystis</em> is a diverse group of fungi found in the lungs of mammals, and can cause a fatal pneumonia in immunosuppressed humans. The project focussed on two main areas of <em>Pneumocystis</em> biology. The first part investigated the transmission of <em>P. jiroveci</em> between humans and comprised three studies. The first study demonstrated direct transmission between a mother and her infant who had <em>Pneumocystis</em> pneumonia, PCP, contemporaneously. The second investigated transmission of <em>P. jiroveci</em> between health care workers and patients with PCP. <em>P. jiroveci</em> was identified in HCW samples but the genotyping data did not demonstrate direct transmission between the HCW and the patients. The third study examined a representative distribution of <em>P. jiroveci</em> genotypes within a whole human lung and identified two foci of infection. The second main area of research investigated <em>PRT1</em>, a multigene family, encoding a protein with homology to KEX-like proteases. The first part of this study attempted to identify the original single-copy <em>PRT1</em> gene that encodes the progenitor kexin-like protease. Inconclusive sequence data was obtained. The second part of this study examined regulation of <em>PRT1</em> gene expression, initially using an assay that characterised the length polymorphisms within the proline rich region of the <em>PRT1</em> gene. In the complex populations of rat-derived <em>Pneumocystis</em> used it was difficult to distinguish reliable differences between the cDNA (expressed) and genomic DNA proline rich region profiles. Subsequent investigations used simple rat-derived <em>Pneumocystis</em> populations that were derived from inocula of 10 <em>Pneumocystis</em> organisms intratracheally injected into nude rats. The catalytic domain of <em>PRT1</em> was sequenced from cDNA and genomic copies from each of the five low-dose populations. Two majority sequence types were identified, one genomic and the other cDNA. Three of the populations contained a cDNA majority sequence type, implying that some form of regulation of expression was occurring. This hypothesis was further investigated using a second set of simple populations, hybridisation techniques and 5' RACE.

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PERFORMANCE OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING WITH SIGNAL SPACE DIVERSITY VIA SUBCARRIER COORDINATE INTERLEAVING OVER NAKAGAMI-M AND RICIAN FADING CHANNELS

In this work, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique is combined with signal space diversity and error probability performance of the system is inspected for binary phase shift keying modulation over slow frequency-selective Nakagami-m and Rician fading channels. First, appropriate subcarrier coordinate interleaving techniques are obtained based on the number of subcarriers, the number of resolvable multipaths, and the fading parameters. It is shown that appropriate subcarrier coordinate interleaving techniques under some of the investigated scenarios are the same as the ones under the Rayleigh fading scenario. Subsequently, the bit error rate of the studied system is compared with the bit error rate of the original system. Further, it is demonstrated that the considered system provides significant performance gain beyond the original orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique under different scenarios.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFFECTS OF PROLONGED ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF LARGE DOSES OF PITUITARY ANTERIOR LOBE TO LAYING HENS

1. The effects of pituitary anterior lobe hormones by oral administration to domestic fowls has been studied. The doses used in these experiments were large (·5 to ·8 grm.) and the time of administration was prolonged (one month). 2. The effects of oral administration were positive, as evidenced by (a) increase in egg‐size, increase in egg‐number, and increase in weight of birds; (b) an increase in the number of follicles in the ovary and also an increase in their size, indicating more rapid growth; a stimulation of albumen‐secretion in the oviduct, recognised in the increased percentage of albumen in the egg; also probably an effect on the muscular wall of the uterus. 3. The results were most striking in the early part of the year (before spring).

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Competing Polities of Church and State in Mexican Texas

In the weeks and months following Mexico’s war with Texas, elite Mexican generals returned home to their rural estates and city houses to write lengthy apologias about their role in the devastating and embarrassing loss. These shame-faced generals lashed out at each other, accusing former brothers-in-arms of gross malfeasance, dereliction of duty, and questionable honor. One exception to this pattern is José María Tornel y Mendívil, a statesman who had served as the Mexican Secretary of War during the conflict with Texas. Instead of hoisting blame onto his Mexican peers, Tornel pointed his scorn at the Texans.1 These barbaric Texans, even though they had been invited guests to Mexico and welcomed as new citizens, had never made the necessary concessions to become true Mexican citizens. Their resistance to assimilation took various forms, but none as insidious as their refusal to abide by Mexico’s religious establishment. This angered Tornel, in large part because the Mexican government had been clear in their expectations; a condition of the Anglo Americans’ emigration had been conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. Tornel castigated them: “The prohibition against the erection of places of worship and the practice of other cults than the Roman Catholic was the law of the land at the time when the colonists came and they agreed to conform to it. Why didn't they stay in their own country to raise temples in the vast solitude of the west?”2 In short, they knew the rules when they signed up, and so he was angry that religious toleration had been included in the Texans’ list of grievances against Mexico.

Topic: Latin American and Latino Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The impact of linguistic colonialism on academic achievements of Zulu learners in KwaZulu-Natal

In theory, the South African government advocates additive bilingual education over subtractive bilingual education. However, this study shows that subtractive bilingual education supersedes additive bilingual education mainly because the official African languages of South Africa are being marginalised and not utilised as languages of teaching and learning in schools. The majority of isiZulu speaking learners in KwaZulu-Natal are underperforming academically under a subtractive bilingual educational system. The findings of this study acknowledge that there are numerous contributing factors to this problem, but the most obvious is that isiZulu speaking learners are compelled to write their examinations in English.&#13;\nThis study employed a triangulation approach where various literary sources were consulted to illustrate how English has emerged as a dominant language on the local and global stage, and how this has affected the status and use of minority languages.&#13;\nQualitative approaches were used to gather data from Grade 10 to 12 isiZulu speaking learners who attend the so-called 'Black schools' in the district of Pinetown, in KwaZulu-Natal. Questionnaires and experimental tests were used as the main instruments for gathering data from learners. One-on-one interviews were conducted with educators and other relevant stakeholders. The observation technique was also utilised to monitor the behaviour of isiZulu speaking learners in both affluent and previously disadvantaged schools.&#13;\nBy examining Cummins’ interdependency hypothesis (1979, 1996 and 2000) as a theoretical framework, this research study has proven that the continued use of English as the only language of teaching and learning in South African ‘Black schools’ has a negative impact on the academic achievements of the KwaZulu-Natal isiZulu speaking learners.&#13;\nThe study, therefore, calls for the introduction of a language policy that will promote dual bilingual education where both isiZulu and English are used as the languages of teaching and learning throughout the KwaZulu-Natal isiZulu speaking learners’ scholastic years. The study has proven that this approach to education will facilitate better understanding of the subject matter and thus curb the high failure rate, especially in the so called 'Black schools'.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 270423: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Survey of Analysis, Modeling and Recommendations

COVID-19 has created anxiety not only in individuals but also in health organizations, and countries worldwide. Not a single industry is left un-influenced and loss is being estimated in billions of dollars. The widespread of this pandemic disease has challenged researchers all over the world. Some of the researchers are working to invent its cure while, others are applying computing technologies to stop its spread, by analyzing and identifying patterns for prediction and forecasting. This is by no doubt the hottest area of research for the last 100 years. This survey has targeted the research published in computing sub-domains to combat the pandemic. The survey has clustered the scientific efforts into logical groups: surveillance, metrological effects, social media analytics, image processing and business and economy, analysis and modeling. It will serve as a leading source for the followings: researchers who want to identify what has been achieved in different computing sub-domains, those who need fresh authenticated datasets openly accessible for different research contexts and what are future directions in this area of research. The findings of analysis and modeling can be also useful for government agencies who want to set priorities and formulate policies.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inadvertent inflation of the balloon: a rare but serious complication of Miller-Abbott intubation

Inadvertent injection of contrast medium or tube feedings into the wrong port of a Miller-Abbott tube can be catastrophic. Four cases are reported, three of which required emergency surgery and two resulted in small-bowel infarction. This complication can easily be avoided if the attending physician and radiologist are aware of the entity.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1420346: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on the Fast Transient Process of Primary Equipment Operation in UHV Fixed Series Capacitors Based on PEEC Method

This manuscript proposes a fast transient simulation method based on PEEC to model overvoltage caused by spark gap and disconnecting switch operations in UHV series compensation (FSC). It proposes a simulation method based on the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) for modeling the fast transient processes associated with the operation of primary equipment in UHV FSC. Initially, a multi-conductor system model for both primary and secondary equipment on the cascade platform is developed. Then, the lumped components′ modeling of primary equipment and secondary equipment is added on the basis of multi-conductor model. Through simulation, the rapid transient overvoltage of primary equipment and the electromagnetic disturbance of the secondary system are analyzed. The simulation results provide insights into the distribution of fast transient overvoltage and the transient electromagnetic disturbance along the bus, from the low-voltage bus to the high-potential platform, under various primary equipment operating conditions. These findings provide a basis for theoretical analysis of the layout of sensor devices on platform and the design of electromagnetic shielding for interference-prone systems on platform.

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Local Production of Angiotensinogen

Genetic approaches such as gene targeting have been extensively used to gain a better understanding of the role of hormones and pathways involved in cardiovascular physiology. Given its pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis the renin-angiotensin system has been one of the most frequently targeted systems. Angiotensinogen (AGT), the only known precursor of the renin-angiotensin system, has received particular attention because genetic and molecular studies have shown that genetic variation at this locus impacts individual differences in blood pressure and the likelihood of developing essential hypertension. Knockout and overexpression of the AGT gene lead to adverse cardiovascular phenotypes. In this chapter we will review these data and detail a strategy using well-characterized cell-specific promoters to specifically target the AGT gene to defined cells and tissues. The development and characterization of these models has helped uncover the role and significance of local production of AGT in several tissues.

Topic: Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Article 73 TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS

This detailed Commentary provides an authoritative interpretation of each provision in the main EU Directive on public procurement - Directive 2014/24/EU, and is rich in its critical analysis of the provisions of the 2014 Directive and the case-law. The Commentary also highlights the application problems and interpretative issues being raised in EU Member States, which in due time will make their way up to the CJEU or even require further legislative interventions.

Topic: Public Procurement and Policy
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with acute onset of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy values, and eigenvalues in different regions of the brain

Purpose: To investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients differ from those of healthy controls. Material and Methods: Eight NPSLE patients (aged 23–55 years, mean 42.9 years) and 20 healthy age-matched controls (aged 22–59 years, mean 44.4 years) underwent conventional brain magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The ADC, FA, principal eigenvalue (λ ∥ ), and the corresponding average perpendicular eigenvalue (λ ⊥ ) ( = (λ 2 +λ 3 )/2) were measured in selected regions of normal appearing gray and white matter brain parenchyma. For statistical evaluation of differences between the two groups, a Student's t-test was used. The P value for statistical significance was set to P = 0.0025 after Bonferroni correction for multiple measurements. Results: Significantly increased ADC values were demonstrated in normal-appearing areas in the insular cortex ( P&lt;0.001), thalamus ( P&lt;0.001), and the parietal and frontal white matter ( P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively) in NPSLE patients. Significantly decreased FA values were demonstrated in normal-appearing thalamus ( P&lt;0.001), corpus callosum ( P = 0.002), and in the parietal and frontal white matter ( P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively) in NPSLE patients compared to healthy controls. The λ ⊥ was significantly higher in several of these regions in NPSLE patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates alterations in normal-appearing gray and white matter brain parenchyma of patients with NPSLE by means of abnormal ADC, FA, and eigenvalues. These alterations may be based on loss of tissue integrity in part due to demyelination. It is possible that DTI in the future could assist in the diagnosis of NPSLE and possibly help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of NPSLE.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the reaction between biological catecholamines and chlorinated methylperoxy radicals

The antiradical potency of catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, L-DOPA), metabolites of dopamine (homovanillic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and catechol towards substituted methylperoxy radicals is investigated. The thermodynamic parameters, together with the kinetic approach, are used to determine the most probable mechanism of action. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules are utilised to explain the highest reactivity of trichloromethylperoxy radical. The preferred mechanism is dependent both on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters . The number of chlorine atoms on radical, the presence of intra-molecular hydrogen bond and number of hydroxy groups attached to the aromatic ring significantly influence the mechanism. The results suggest that sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) is the most probable for reaction with methylperoxy and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for reaction with trichloromethylperoxy radicals, with a gradual transition between SPLET and HAT for other two radicals. Due to the significant deprotonation of molecules containing the carboxyl group, the respective anions are also investigated. The HAT and SPLET mechanisms are highly competitive in reaction with MP radical, while the dominant mechanism towards chlorinated radicals is HAT. The reactions in methanol and benzene are also discussed.

Topic: Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
5-HT2A/2C receptor modulationof absence seizures andcharacterization of the GHB-model

Absence seizures (ASs) are non-convulsive epileptic events which are common in pediatric and juvenile epilepsies. They consist of EEG generalized spike-and-wave-discharges (SWDs) accompanied by an impairment of consciousness and are expressed within the thalamocortical network. This thesis initially focused on investigating the modulation of ASs by two serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, in a polygenic (i.e. Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg, GAERS) and a pharmacological (i.e. γ-hydroxybutyrate, GHB) model of ASs. It was found that, in GAERS, pharmacological activation of 5-HT2A/CRs blocked ASs, whereas 5-HT2AR antagonists increased seizure length. However, experiments on the GHB-model revealed that GHB induced not only ASs but also a period of sedation/hypnosis, a behavioural state that had been neglected in the literature. Thus, the rest of this thesis was devoted to further characterizing the GHB-model. The main result was that GHB-elicited ASs can be distinguished at the level of both EEG and behaviour. In vivo characterization of thalamic firing during GHB-elicited ASs and hypnosis via silicon probes in freely moving animals revealed that both states were accompanied by a decrease in firing rate. In particular, contrary to what was predicted by in vitro and in vivo experiments under neurolept anaesthesia, T-type Ca2+ channel-dependent burst firing in thalamic neurons was found in <10% of spike-and-wave complexes of SWDs. The prevalent activity of nucleus reticularis thalami neurons during ASs was either silence or tonic firing. Indeed, thalamic application of the potent T-type channel antagonist, TTAP-2, by reverse microdialysis did not affect GHB-elicited ASs. Finally, the development of an algorithm to classify GHB-elicited ASs demonstrated that the spectral properties of SWDs can be used to discriminate hypnosis and SWDs. Moreover, spectral coherence can be used in different experimental models of ASs to characterize SWDs according to their waveform regularity.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM.&#x0D; Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin.&#x0D; Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control.&#x0D; Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control.&#x0D; Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gas permeation through membrane on the base of anodic alumina

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. Alhussan, K. Delendik, O. Voitik, O. Penyazkov, N. Kolyago; Gas permeation through membrane on the base of anodic alumina. AIP Conf. Proc. 17 October 2013; 1558 (1): 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825442 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations
Subfield: Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences