jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Turbulent viscous shock layer solutions for Jovian entry at small angles of attack

The equations governing the laminar and turbulent flows of reacting gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium over axially symmetric blunt bodies at small angles of attack are developed and presented in the unsteady conservative form. Solutions are obtained in the planes of symmetry of the flow field for the typical conditions encountered by a probe entering the Jovian atmosphere at small angles of attack. The eddy-viscosity is approximated by a two-layer model. The shock wave is treated as a discontinuity across which the shock relations are used to compute the flow conditions behind the shock. A time-asymptotic finite-difference method is used to solve the equations. The zero angle of attack results for a hyperboloid are compared with the existing results but neither experimental nor computational results are available for comparison with the present results at angle of attack.

Topic: Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Information Costs

Abstract Paternalistic restrictions on choice might in three ways economize on the cost of producing information. First, contracts that appear to impose extreme burdens upon a party, such as contracts of slavery, might be banned because of the information production or screening costs that a court would incur in determining whether the party really consented to be bound. Second, the plethora of choices offered a consumer might be thought to impose the excessive search costs of finding exactly the right goods to buy. Third, a person might have an incentive to bear excessive signaling costs in revealing information about himself unless paternalistic rules prevent him from doing so. Except in extreme cases, none of these provide a strong basis for paternalism.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality in healthcare in the United Kingdom: GPs and clinical audit

In our 1 February issue Duggan compared the handling of quality issues in healthcare in the UK and Australia. In his analysis, the UK's National Health Service was far more advanced, and their government more liberal with funding. Many Australians, however, beg to differ.

Topic: Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Personality and Stress in Consultant Psychiatrists

A randomly selected group of consultant psychiatrists (n = 39) working within the NHS in Scotland was compared with a combined group of physicians and surgeons (n = 149) on several variables related to the stress process, including personality traits, coping strategies, psychological distress, burnout, job stress and work demands. Psychiatrists reported fewer clinical work demands (p &lt; .001), and their mean personality scores were significantly different from physicians and surgeons by being high in neuroticism (p = .009), openness (p = .003) and agreeableness (p = .002), and low in conscientiousness (p = .04). Psychiatrists reported higher work-related emotional exhaustion (p = .03) and severe depression (p = .02). However, psychiatrists did not report more work-related stress than physicians and surgeons. Many stress-related variables were highly correlated within the group of psychiatrists, suggesting that there is a very general disposition to experience negative emotion (including job-related stress) in some individuals. Organisational and personal contributions to stress in the practice of psychiatry are considered. There are personality characteristics that might dispose some people toward psychiatry as a career and toward stress. However, there is no evidence to suggest that screening for admission to psychiatry in terms of per sonality or other psychological factors would be useful or advisable.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Cyanothioacetanilide Intermediates in Heterocyclic Synthesis, Part 1: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Thiazole, Thiophene, Pyrazole, and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Some novel thiophenes (4a,b, 5, and 9a,b) were obtained from the cycloalkylation of the thiocarbamoyl group in the cyanothioacetanilide derivative (1) with α-halocarbonyl compounds. Also, the reaction of cyanothioacetanilide derivative with phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide followed by in situ heterocyclization of the resulting adduct with α-halocarbonyl compounds furnished the corresponding thiazole (12, 14, and 15), pyrazole (19), and pyraozlo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (22, 25, and 26) derivatives. Compounds (4b, 5, 9a, 12, 13, 18, 22, 25, and 26) were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.

Topic: Synthesis and biological activity
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glioma monitoring via longitudinal intracranial cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA.

2053 Background: Current methods for glioma treatment response assessment are limited. This study aimed to assess the technical and clinical feasibility of molecular profiling using intracranial CSF from patients with gliomas during their disease course. Methods: Adults with gliomas were recruited for longitudinal intracranial CSF collection using 1) Ommaya reservoirs, from which CSF would be sampled on at least two separate occasions, or 2) CSF collection from other clinically indicated CSF access devices, such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. Patients were followed until their last visit or present time for ongoing participants. For this initial cfDNA feasibility study, CSF was collected from Ommaya reservoirs in four patients and from an existing VP shunt in one patient. cfDNA was then extracted and analyzed using two sequencing platforms, PredicineCARE for cancer variant profiling and PredicineSCORE for low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS). This analysis generated genomic aberration profiles and genome-wide copy number burden (CNB) score. Results: Five patients (2 females, 3 males; median age: 40 years, range 32-64 years) underwent longitudinal intracranial CSF collection via Ommaya reservoirs (n=4) or VP shunt (n=1). In total, thirty-five CSF samples were obtained (median volume: 3.80 mL; 0.5-5 mL), with 30 samples (85.7%) yielding sufficient cfDNA for variant profiling and LP-WGS. Our initial findings suggest that tumor fraction increased by 6.28x and 2.87x with radiographic progression in two patients. Tumor fraction decreased by 0.08x and 0.04x in two patients with paired immediate pre-versus-post chemoradiation samples. Despite ongoing pseudoprogression in one patient, tumor fraction decreased to unmeasurable levels from a post-resection baseline of 0.26. Patient-specific tumor-associated variant allelic frequencies (VAFs), including TP53, PTEN, TERT, and CDKN2A/B, decreased within individual patients after resection and chemoradiation. In two patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas, decreasing IDH1 VAF after resection correlated with decreased CSF D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) levels (0.64x and 0.62x, respectively, for the first patient, and 0.01x and 0.07x for the other patient). Both CSF IDH1 VAF and CSF D-2-HG increased in the patient who had radiographic progression (2.56x and 9.21x, respectively). Moreover, CNB decreased below the limit of quantification during treatment and increased above the limit at progression. Conclusions: Longitudinal CSF cfDNA can feasibly be obtained via CSF access devices in patients with gliomas during their disease course. Ongoing studies will evaluate hypotheses generated in this case series regarding how longitudinal CSF cfDNA could be utilized to sensitively detect changes in disease burden. Clinical trial information: NCT04692337 ; NCT04692324 .

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Review of B-{anti B} mixing results

A review of B-{anti B} mixing results at the end of July 1999 is presented. Emphasis is put on recent measurements of {Lambda} m{sub d} and {Lambda} m{sub s}. For {Lambda} m{sub d}, the new world average is {Lambda} m{sub d} = 0.473{+-}0.016 ps{sup {minus}1}. For {Lambda} m{sub s}, the new world average 95% CL limit is 12.4 ps{sup {minus}1}, with a sensitivity of 14.2 ps{sup {minus}1}. Other related results are covered very briefly.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
To the Field Sermon: Popular Reformation in the Low Countries between Urban Space and Countryside

Among the most striking phenomena in the history of the Reformation in the Low Countries are the Protestant open-air sermons of the summer of 1566. These sermons, held in fields, woods, marshlands or other open spaces beyond the city limits, were attended by hundreds or even thousands of men and women from all social groups, eager for reform. This essay discusses the geographical proliferation, organization and characteristics of the field sermons, which can be seen as an early example of the spatial accommodation of religious division in early modern Europe. It also argues that these sermons had a profound impact on urban communities, because civic authorities were faced with the challenge of controlling the flow of people and information, especially at the city gates. Moreover, field sermons had an impact on urban space at large, as sermon-goers claimed their place in town through a range of spontaneous and ritualized acts that reinforced their goal of obtaining a site of worship within the city walls.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Power Quality Enhancement at PCC of an Isolated Wind-BES Microgrid Using Improved Filtered X-Adaptive Control

This work proposes a solution for improving the voltage profile at point of common coupling (PCC) of an isolated microgrid using an improved filtered-X adaptive scheme. The power quality (PQ) is enhanced by filtering the component of load current so as to reduce the harmonic content. The enhanced PQ allows the application of voltage sensitive equipments and electronic loads together with nonlinear loads connected at PCC. The improved filtered X-control which is a variant of the least mean square (LMS) adaptive filter family, provides good convergence and low computational burden with good applicability in terms of noise reduction and harmonics filtering. Maximum power extraction scheme i.e. perturb and observe (P&O) is implemented to acquire the reference speed of synchronous generator (SG) generating wind power. The regulation of SG speed is acquired by implementing sensor-less field oriented control. The battery backs up the power, moreover, it promotes the overall performance of the microgrid. The test setup developed in the laboratory confirms the effective microgrid performance in the presence of load alterations and renewable intermittency.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Child Protection in Lithuania

Abstract This chapter expounds on the child protection system in Lithuania. The development of a system of child protection coincides with the necessity to create a political and administrative apparatus for state administration. Additionally, large-scale residential childcare is a prominent form of guardianship of children deprived of parental care. Thus, the separation of siblings, isolation of disabled children, and delinquent children are widespread across the country. Changes in the institution of social work and child psychologists were influenced by the desire to create an independent child protection system in Lithuania and Lithuania’s ambition to join the EU. Child protection reform was enacted slowly following the ratification of the UNCRC.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Power System Resiliency and Wide Area Control Employing Deep Learning Algorithm

The power transfer capability of the smart transmission grid-connected networks needs to be reduced by inter-area oscillations. Due to the fact that inter-area modes of oscillations detain and make instability of power transmission networks. This fact is more noticeable in smart grid-connected systems. The smart grid infrastructure has more renewable energy resources installed for its operation. To overcome this problem, a deep learning wide-area controller is proposed for real-time parameter control and smart power grid resilience on oscillations inter-area modes. The proposed Deep Wide Area Controller (DWAC) uses the Deep Belief Network (DBN). The network weights are updated based on real-time data from Phasor measurement units. Resilience assessment based on failure probability, financial impact, and time-series data in grid failure management determine the norm H2. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a time-domain simulation case study based on the IEEE-39 bus system was performed. For a one-channel attack on the test system, the resiliency index increased to 0.962, and inter-area damping ξ was reduced to 0.005. The obtained results validate the proposed deep learning algorithm’s efficiency on damping inter-area and local oscillation on the 2-channel attack as well. Results also offer robust management of power system resilience and timely control of the operating conditions.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inspection method for spray rate controllers in Flanders (Belgium)

In Belgium, the inspection of sprayers is performed by official and mobile teams ruled by two inspection authorities. The management of the inspection is done by the Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Public Health and the Environment (FAVV). In the Flemish region the inspection is delegated to the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO). In Belgium, the mandatory inspection of sprayers was started up in 1996 and the 6th inspection cycle (2011-2012-2013) is currently running. In the past decade the number of sprayers equipped with a spray rate controller, increased significantly. In the first inspection cycle (1996-1997-1998), only 4.58% of the sprayers were equipped with a spray rate controller in Flanders. In the fifth inspection cycle (2008-2009-2010), this percentage increased significantly to 20.37%.As the original inspection method for spray rate controllers showed some lacks and was time consuming, ILVO developed a simple and reliable method for testing rate controllers used on field and orchard sprayers.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mitigation of output power fluctuations in Solar PV systems- A study

The world is moving towards generation of electricity from clean energy resources to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Sufficient research work has done to meliorate the power output quality of distributed sources. This paper assesses the methods to mitigate output power oscillations caused by grid-integrated PV system outages, as well as battery banks and inverter control approach. The analysis is part of a larger study that also comprises a hybrid super - capacitors and BESS for ramp rate control, moving average control, and VSM control.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efficient Inner Product Functional Encryption with Full-Hiding Security

Inner product functional encryption (IPFE) is a subclass of functional encryption (FE), whose function class is limited to inner product. We construct an efficient private-key IPFE scheme with full-hiding security, where confidentiality is assured for not only encrypted data but also functions associated with secret keys. Recently, Datta et al. presented such a scheme in PKC 2016 and this is the only scheme that achieves full-hiding security. Our scheme has an advantage over their scheme for the two aspects. More efficient: keys and ciphertexts of our scheme are almost half the size of those of their scheme. Weaker assumption: our scheme is secure under the k-linear (k-Lin) assumption, while their scheme is secure under a stronger assumption, namely, the symmetric external Diffie-Hellman (SXDH) assumption. It is well-known that the k-Lin assumption is equivalent to the SXDH assumption when k=1 and becomes weak as k increases.

Topic: Cryptography and Data Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quasi-State Entities and International Criminal Justice

This book explores the intended and unintended impact of international criminal justice on the legitimacy of quasi-state entities (QSEs). In order to do so, the concept of 'quasi-state entity' is introduced to distinguish actors in statehood conflicts that aspire to statehood, and fulfil statehood functions to a greater or lesser degree, including the capacity and willingness to deploy armed force, but lack the status of sovereign statehood. This work explores the ability of QSEs to create and maintain legitimacy for their actions, institutions and statehood projects in various constituencies simultaneously. It looks at how legitimacy is a prerequisite for success of QSEs and, using critical legitimacy theory, assesses the legitimating narratives of QSEs and their statehood adversaries. The book links international criminal justice to statehood projects of QSEs and their success and legitimacy. It looks at the effects of international criminal justice on the ability to create and maintain legitimacy of QSEs, an approach that leads to new insights regarding international courts and tribunals as entities competing with states over statehood functions that increasingly have to take the legal implications of their actions into consideration. Most important, a close assessment of the legitimising narratives of QSEs, counter narratives, and the messages sent by international criminal justice with which QSEs have to deal, and their ability to overcome legitimacy crises, provides insight on QSEs and the complex processes of legitimation. This book will be of much interest to students of international criminal justice, political violence, security studies and IR.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Artificial Muscle Actuator based on Synthetic Elastomer

In this paper, we present an artificial muscle actuator producing rectilinear motion, called the Tube–Spring–Actuator (TSA). The TSA is supposed to be a prospective substitute in areas requiring macro forces such as robotics. It is simply configured from a synthetic elastomer tube with an inserted spring. The design of the TSA is described in detail and its analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristics of the actuator based on the derived model. In addition, the performance of the proposed actuator is tested via experiments.

Topic: Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Young Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria: A Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Usage

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity and this burden is borne largely by low and middle-income countries. As part of efforts to combat AMR, the World Health Organization has identified Antimicrobial Stewardship as one of the strategic objectives of its global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. This survey aimed to observe antimicrobial prescribing and usage patterns in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital with the purpose of identifying gaps to inform the specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions necessary to address our specific needs. Methodology: A point prevalence survey was conducted using the protocol and web-based automated data management system designed by the Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance, University of Antwerp, Belgium, in November 2021. Results: A total of 69 adult medical and surgical patients were surveyed; 27 males and 18 females. Antimicrobial prevalence was 65.2%. Third generation cephalosporins (24.4%; 33.3%), fluoroquinolones (17.8%; 22.2%) and imidazole derivatives (20%; 36.1%) were most prescribed on the medical and surgical wards. Antimicrobial guidelines were completely unavailable, most antimicrobials (93.8%) were prescribed empirically and 64.4% of these remained empirical after 72 hours of commencement. Conclusion: Antimicrobial stewardship interventions are necessary to minimize sub-optimal antimicrobial prescribing practices in our facility. Most critical are education on appropriate use of antimicrobials, support for development of antimicrobial guidelines, diagnostic stewardship, and the drive for improved use of the laboratory to guide antimicrobial prescriptions. The antimicrobial stewardship committee and team must drive this, having the requisite support from the management and prescribers, with the primary outcomes being reduced antimicrobial prevalence and improved antimicrobial prescription patterns.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Developing the Reflective Healthcare Team Tony Ghaye Developing the Reflective Healthcare TeamFirstBlackwell234£22.5014051059171405105917

The book tackles an important issue for the NHS and one which does not receive enough attention. While there are a range of initiatives that focus on individual development such as appraisals, personal development plans and the Knowledge and Skills Framework, there is often less focus on how to develop the teams that the individuals work in. The book proposes a model for team development to enhance the performance of the teams and the individuals within them.

Topic: Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Financing decisions during different economic periods: evidence from Indonesia and Malaysia

This paper analyses the influence of economic fluctuations on the financing decisions of companies from Indonesia and Malaysia from 1996 to 2005. Our results show that companies with better access to external capital and those that adjust their financial structures faster outperform other companies. In both countries, monetary policy measures appear to be hampered by domestic bank lending practices, capital control measures and the underdevelopment of capital markets. The future development of capital markets and the abolishment of capital control measures, thus, appear to be important issues to increase the efficiency of monetary policy measures in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences