jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Anti-Hyperpigmentation Efficacy: A Review on HerbalNanodelivery System

Hyperpigmentation refers to a condition characterized by excessive skin pigmentation, leading to darkened areas on the skin. This condition can significantly affect physical appearance and have adverse effects on emotional and psychological well-being. The use of commercial skinlightening products for hyperpigmentation therapy often entails significant side effects, prompting the exploration and development of herbal products as alternative anti-hyperpigmentation agents. Herbs act as anti-hyperpigmentation agents through various mechanisms, including inhibiting the expression and activity of tyrosinase, as well as reducing the uptake and distribution of melanosomes. The advancement of nanoparticle delivery systems represents a significant stride in enhancing the efficacy of herbal compounds, overcoming the limitations associated with conventional phytochemical formulations. Herbal plants incorporated into nanoparticle delivery systems demonstrate superior activity as anti-hyperpigmentation agents compared to their conventional extract counterparts. Various nanoparticle formulations employed include zinc oxide and gold nanoparticles, nanovesicles, nanosponges, nanoliposomes, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). This narrative review aims to explore natural ingredients, diverse nanoparticle formulations, and the impacts of nanoparticle delivery of herbs as anti-hyperpigmentation agents, drawing insights from both preclinical and clinical studies. This review is intended to provide a foundation for the future development of herbal nanoparticle delivery systems.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Making optimum use of the microbiology laboratory. I. Use of the laboratory

UNIQUE pitfalls may be encountered by the physician in making optimum use of the microbiology laboratory. A request for a "culture" is nonspecific compared with a request for a blood glucose determination. The request for a culture is an implied request to search for "anything in the specimen that could contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of an infectious disease." Physicians usually do not know exactly how this request will be construed by laboratory personnel. What would happen if blood were submitted to the chemistry laboratory with a comparable request for "chemical abnormalities" that might suggest the presence of disease? What microorganisms will the laboratory seek in a specimen submitted for "culture"? Will a Gram-stained direct smear be performed, and if so, will the results of this examination be reported? The request for culture usually leads to a search for bacteria that would commonly be expected at the site represented.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Current management options for chronic constipation

Abstract Constipation is a common and often difficult‐to‐treat problem. Our Drug review considers the current range of laxatives available to manage the condition, followed by sources of further information and the Datafile of prescribable agents. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd

Topic: Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Big Data‐Driven Nonlinear Least Squares Four‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Method: Theoretical Formulation and Conceptual Evaluation

Abstract A new nonlinear least squares four‐dimensional variational data assimilation method (NLS‐4DVar) is proposed incorporating the use of “big data.” This distinctive four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational data assimilation method (4DEnVar) is made up of two ensembles, a preprepared historical big data ensemble and a small “online” ensemble. The historical ensemble portrays both the ensemble‐constructed background error covariance and tangent models more accurately, as compared with the standard NLS‐4DVar method, with no heavy increase in computational cost in terms of real‐time operations. The online ensemble maintains the flow dependence of the ensemble‐estimated background error covariance. The ensemble analysis scheme proposed by merging the local ensemble transform Kalman filter scheme with a sophisticated sampling approach is able to adjust the ensemble spreads suitably and maintain them steadily. The updating scheme also largely guarantees the partial flow dependence of the historical ensemble. Experimental results using the shallow‐water equations demonstrate that the new big data method provides substantial performance improvement over the standard NLS‐4DVar method.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemical Modification of Lipase for Rational Enhancement of Enantioselectivity

Abstract Chemical modifications of the I287C mutant of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase afforded various I287C-X conjugates, among which I287C-PAA bearing an N-phenylacetamide (PAA) moiety showed excellent enantioselectivity and catalytic activity for secondary alcohols. Site-directed chemical modifications are powerful tools to control enantioselective biocatalysis.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE BUDGET PREPARATION ON UMKM BATIK MALANG (Study at UMKM Batik Blimbing - Malang)

This research was conducted for budgeting the comprehensive (Projected Sales Budget Sales, Production Budget, Budget Purchase of Raw Materials, Budget Direct Labor, Budget Overhead, Budget Marketing Costs, Budget and Administration General Budget of Income, Cash Budget, and Balance Sheet) at UMKM Batik Belimbing. Type of research is supporting a research case study using data analysis techniques comprehensive budget forecasting calculations. The method used by the comprehensive budget calculations. The purpose of this research to create a comprehensive budgeting UMKM Batik Blimbing 2016 and 2017.

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Determination of free glycerol on human skin surface

In water soluble substances obtained by water extraction from human skin surface, free glycerol was detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A selected ion monitoring method was employed to measure low concentration of free glycerol and the mean amounts were found to be about 0.7 microgram cm-2 on the cheek and 0.2 microgram cm-2 on the forearm and sole.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract P153: Depressive Symptoms and First Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Findings From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. It is unclear whether depressive symptoms are associated with first heart failure (HF) hospitalization and whether this relationship differs by ejection fraction (EF). We hypothesized that depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of first HF hospitalization among community dwelling adults free of HF or coronary heart disease at baseline, and that this relationship would be similar by EF. Methods: We examined this relationship in the REGARDS study, a prospective longitudinal cohort of community dwelling adults aged ≥45 years (55% women, 41% black) from across the continental US, with oversampling of blacks and residents of the Southeast. Participants completed a baseline survey on medical history and health behaviors, and an in-home visit which collected physiologic parameters, blood and urine samples, ECG, and medication inventory. Participants are followed prospectively and hospital records are collected for CVD-related hospitalizations. Depressive symptoms were defined as score ≥4 on the 4-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-4). HF hospitalizations were expert adjudicated and specified according to EF as preserved EF (EF &gt;40%) (HFpEF) or reduced EF (EF≤ 40%) (HFrEF). Results: Over a median [IQR] of 9.3 [6.4-11] years of follow-up, there were 614 first HF hospitalizations among 22,465 individuals (384 HFpEF, 230 HFrEF). Participants with depressive symptoms had less education and lower annual income. The age-adjusted first HF hospitalization incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 4.6 (95% CI, 3.2-4.0) for participants with depressive symptoms versus 2.6 (95% CI, 2.3-2.8) for non-depressed, p 0.0002. This elevated risk remained significant after controlling for a host CVD risk factors. When HFpEF was assessed separately, depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of hospitalization after controlling for all covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.06-2.22). In contrast, depressive symptoms were not associated with first HFrEF hospitalization in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms at baseline were independently associated with future risk of first hospitalization for HFpEF but not for HFrEF.

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Mini Review

Abstract The microbiome is the genetic information which provides the blueprints and instructions for the vast array of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in and on our bodies. Ubiquitous in nature, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has existed long before the golden age of antimicrobials. While antimicrobial agents are beneficial to combat infection, their widespread use contributes to the increase in and emergence of novel resistant microbes in virtually all environmental niches. When acquired by pathogens however, AMR becomes a serious public health threat worldwide. Our ability to combat the threat of emerging resistance relies on accurate AMR detection methods and the development of therapeutics that function despite the presence of antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, microbiome, genome, resistome, metagenomics.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparing Psychological Adaptation to having a Disease Gene in Affected Individuals and Unaffected Carrier Parents

The Psychological Adaptation to Genetic Information Scale (PAGIS, Read et al .) has demonstrated that adaptation to genetic information is a multidimensional phenomenon comprised of five factors. The purpose of this web‐based survey was to compare PAGIS scores of individuals with a genetic disease ( n = 137, 49%) with scores of parents who have transmitted a genetic disease to their child ( n = 143, 51%). Each of 26 items is rated on a 1–6 Likert scale, where a higher score represents more positive adaptation. The biological parents had higher scores ( P = 0.004) on the total PAGIS and four of the five subscales (non‐intrusiveness, support, self‐worth, and certainty). There was no significant difference between the two groups on the self‐efficacy subscale. Overall, parents who have transmitted a disease‐related gene to their child demonstrate more positive adaptation than affected individuals to the knowledge that they possess a disease‐related gene. This is not surprising, given the burden of having a genetic disease. However, parents do not score higher on the self‐efficacy subscale, a measure that reflects the client’s general perception of control over consequences of having the gene. The findings reinforce the multidimensional nature of psychological adaptation to genetic information, and suggest that these dimensions will vary among subgroups.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exotropia in infancy: Management experience at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK.

OBJECTIVE /INTRODUCTION: Exotropia in infancy is believed to be associated with increased prevalence of neurological, ocular, and craniofacial abnormalities;however, the prevalence of coexistingocular and systemic disease in these patients is unknown. 1 A large-angle incomitant exotropia maybe the presenting feature of congenital third nerve palsy, which is a rare condition and is often associated with ptosis and amblyopia.2 We present our experience of managing infants presenting with exotropia looking at the underlying causes and their management.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the Jewish Enlightenment of Ecological Ethics

As the world's two major sources of religious thought,Judaism has a deep influence on Western civilization and values,it is the most far-reaching ideological roots of eco-ethics,it contains abundant eco-ethical thought.Through carding Eco-ethical ideas of Judaism,we discover the ecological implication and try to build a new line with China's ecological protection systems,to improve the relationship between human and nature.

Topic: Religion, Ecology, and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New constitutive model for anisotropic hyperelastic biased woven fibre reinforced composite

This paper presents an improved constitutive model having application in finite element analysis of composites made of hyperelastic matrix with biased woven fabric reinforcement and is based on a pragmatic approach and the continuum mechanics theory. A generalised strain energy function is developed via a series of uniaxial tests in fibre warp and weft directions and via shear tests of representative samples of composite fabric. The proposed material characterisation approach is demonstrated on composites made of neoprene rubber matrix with nylon biased woven reinforcements having volume fraction composition 0·74 vol.-% neoprene and 0·26 vol.-% nylon. The material parameters in the anisotropic hyperelastic model are obtained by minimisation of least square residuals of uniaxial and pure shear energy densities against the respective strain invariants. Numerical simulations of uniaxial and bulge tests of the composites using the material model presented in this paper are shown to correspond well with results obtained from laboratory experiment.

Topic: Elasticity and Material Modeling
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
UNLEASHING LITERARY PROWESS: THE WRITING COMPETENCE OF SPECIAL PROGRAM IN JOURNALISM (SPJ) LEARNERS

This study examined the writing competence of students enrolled in the Special Program in Journalism (SPJ) at Jacinto P. Elpa National High School, focusing specifically on their demographic profile, levels of journalistic writing competence, and the relationship between these variables. Recognizing that foundational skills in journalism are crucial for clear, ethical, and impactful communication, the study sought to provide empirical data on the actual writing proficiency of SPJ students. Using a quantitative-descriptive correlation research design, the researchers gathered data from 75 students selected through stratified random sampling. Instruments included a validated survey questionnaire and a written proficiency test. Findings revealed that students were generally “Somewhat Competent” in key areas such as linguistic cognitive, strategic discourse, and socio-linguistic competence. Notably, students scored highest in awareness of the Journalist’s Creed, reflecting stronger ethical understanding. However, technical competence emerged as a relative weakness. Statistical analysis indicated that certain demographic variables—particularly socioeconomic status and prior journalism experience—had significant correlations with multiple aspects of writing performance. These results highlight the need for differentiated instruction and targeted resource allocation to support skill development in underperforming areas. The study provides valuable insights for educators and curriculum developers seeking to align instruction with the unique profiles and needs of SPJ learners. Keywords: Writing Competence, SPJ Students, Journalism Education, Demographic Profile, Journalistic Skills, Quantitative Research

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The importance of insight, avoidance behavior, not-just-right perception and personality traits in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): a naturalistic clinical study

Insight, avoidance behavior, and not-just-right perceptions seem important for baseline severity and post-treatment outcome. Baseline examination should include a systematic description, which could guide treatment. The present study is an explorative study describing a naturalistic clinical population. Therefore, a number of limitations should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. More systematic studies on the importance of insight, avoidance behavior and not-just-right perceptions are warranted.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cognitive representations of interaction episodes

Social episodes are shared, consensual cognitive representations about recurring interaction routines within a subculture. Following a review of historical and contemporary approaches to the study of social situations in various branches of psychology, our own empirical research on social episodes is summarized. The following four problem areas were addressed: (1) descriptions of episode domains, and subcultural, group and individual differences in episode perceptions; (2) the determinants of episode representations; (3) cognitive and affective consequences of episode representations; and (4) the applications of research on social episodes. Some links between research on social episodes and other issues in social cognition are discussed, and the future prospects of this branch of inquiry are considered.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Complications of diagnostic cardiac catheterisation: results from 34,041 patients in the United Kingdom confidential enquiry into cardiac catheter complications. The Joint Audit Committee of the British Cardiac Society and Royal College of Physicians of London.

Complication rates of diagnostic catheterisation are low but neither negligible nor irreducible. Voluntary audit of this kind has limitations, but it is useful and inexpensive.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Dirac field in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory

The authors consider the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory with a Dirac field coupled to the metric field. As a result, the authors obtain a four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory with an extra CP violating term. The resultant anomalous electromagnetic dipole moment of the electron is of the order of magnitude of about 10-31 e cm, and may not be detectable by present experimental techniques. However, the mass of the charged Dirac particle is found to be of the order of the Planck mass (10-7 g), so that the Kaluza-Klein theory containing spin-1/2 particles must be rejected.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figurative-Compositional Ornamentality of Sudak Song in the Émigré Folklore of Crimean Tatars

Laconic songs, describing with the picturesque expressiveness and aphorismic clearness the sadness of parting with the motherland, became really wide-spread in the émigré folklore of Crimean Tatars. Compositional sophistication, emotional expressiveness are characteristic for these songs. They are notable for the touching lyricism, connected with the fact that exactly these songs are mainly about the parting with the loved ones: parents, friends, beloved girl. Fixed in several variants, Sudak tyurkyusi (Sudak Song) belongs to such folklore compositions. This song deals with the complicated dramatic relationships of two lovers who have to part. We can only guess what makes their relationships so complicated, but it is rather definitely mentioned that nobody could help the fatal influence of external factors. As well as difficult relationships of the lovers, bitterness and harm of adverse circumstances are clearly accented. The analyzed song has a certain lightness characteristic of the folklore style manner, even some playfulness, which effectively contrasts with the deep dramatic quality. The transfer of subtle, barely perceptible psychological nuances, emotional saturation are connected with the sophisticated oriental ornamentality, intensified by the eloquent, albeit unobtrusive, poetic parallelisms, as well as rhythmic and euphonic peculiarities of poetic description.

Topic: Cultural, Linguistic, Economic Studies
Subfield: General Social Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP PERILAKU BULLYING

Descriptive quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. This research was conducted at SMA Taruna Andhiga Bogor City, amounting to 110 people with a sample size of 86 people by random sampling. The background of this research is the rampant bullying behavior in Bogor City where 30% to 40% of students are victims of bullying. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that there are 36 people or (41.9) negative peer social support, and 50 people or (58.1%) provide positive support. There were 45 people (52.3%) who behaved bullying and 41 people (47.7%) did not behave bullying. There is a significant relationship between social support from friends and bullying behavior with a risk of 0.258 times compared to those who do not have social support.&#x0D; Deskriptif analitis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Taruna Andhiga Kota Bogor yang terdiri dari 110 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 86 orang secara random sampling. Latar belakang dari studi ini adalah maraknya perilaku bullying di Kota Bogor dimana 30% sampai 40% pelajar menjadi korban bullying. Berdasarkan analisi data diketahui terdapat 36 orang atau (41.9) dukungan sosial teman sebaya negatif dan 50 orang atau (58.1%) memberikan dukungan positif. Terdapat 45 orang (52,3%) berperilaku bullying dan 41 orang (47,7%) tidak berperilaku bullying. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara dukungan sosial teman dengan perilaku bullying dengan risiko pencegahan sebesar 0,258 kali lipat dibandingkan yang tidak mendapat dukungan sosial.

Topic: Student Stress and Coping
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences