jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Camera Frame Misalignment in a Teleoperated Eye-in-Hand Robot: Effects and a Simple Correction Method

Misalignment between the camera frame and the operator frame is commonly seen in a teleoperated system and usually degrades the operation performance. The effects of such misalignment have not been fully investigated for eye-in-hand systems - systems that have the camera (eye) mounted to the end-effector (hand) to gain compactness in confined spaces such as in endoscopic surgery. This paper provides a systematic study on the effects of the camera frame misalignment in a teleoperated eye-in-hand robot and proposes a simple correction method in the view display. A simulation is designed to compare the effects of the misalignment under different conditions. Users are asked to move a rigid body from its initial position to the specified target position via teleoperation, with different levels of misalignment simulated. It is found that misalignment between the input motion and the output view is much more difficult to compensate by the operators when it is in the orthogonal direction (~40s) compared with the opposite direction (~20s). An experiment on a real concentric tube robot with an eye-in-hand configuration is also conducted. Users are asked to telemanipulate the robot to complete a pick-and-place task. Results show that with the correction enabled, there is a significant improvement in the operation performance in terms of completion time (mean 40.6%, median 38.6%), trajectory length (mean 34.3%, median 28.1%), difficulty (50.5%), unsteadiness (49.4%), and mental stress (60.9%).

Topic: Teleoperation and Haptic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Result of Generalization: Bearing the Consequences of Imprecisely Designating Terrorist Organizations

PubliC reportmg burden for this collection o f inform ation is est1mated to average 1 hour per response .indudmg the t1me for reviewmg instructions .searching existmg data source s. gathering and maintaming the data needed, and co mpleting and rev1ew1ng th1s collection of 1nformat1 on.Send comments regardtng th1s burden est1mate or any other aspect of th1s coll ection of tnformat1 on, 1ndud1 ng suggestiOns for reduang

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design Investigation of Commercial Voltage Stabilisers by 3D Finite Element Modelling

This paper presents some of the results of investigation of various designs of commercial variable transformers used as voltage stabilisers. The investigation is carried out by 3D finite element (FE) modelling and computation of nonlinear magnetic field distribution in various designs of such transformers. The effects of electromagnetic and geometric parameters, and various operational regimes (brush and tap positions) on the distribution of magnetic field and saturation level in the core are calculated and discussed. Their effects on magnetic field distribution in the air above the core are also discussed. These factors ultimately define the overall size and performance of the voltage stabilisers investigated in this paper. Results are presented in terms of flux plots and design curves.

Topic: Real-time simulation and control systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fortification of skim milk with whey protein xanthone and its effect on antihyperglycemic activities in animal model

Abstract Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by the increase of blood sugar levels, due to the damage of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. DM management includes taking glucose-lowering bioactive compounds from natural products such as xanthone and its derivatives from mangosteen peel. Bioactive compounds are susceptible to degradation; therefore, it needs to be protected by whey protein. Whey protein is believed to be a delivery system or carrier in the food system by means of nanocapsules. In addition, fortification of whey protein and xanthone combined into liquid skim milk is a way to diversify dairy products for diabetics. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fortification of skim milk with whey protein xanthone on blood glucose levels of hyperglycaemic rats. The results of in vivo study prove that xanthone from mangosteen peel extract and its combination with whey protein nor liquid skim milk significantly affects ( α =0.05) the decreased level of blood glucose male Wistar rats.

Topic: Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protein disulfide-isomerase retains procollagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase structure in its native conformation

Protein disulfide-isomerase was isolated as a homogeneous protein from 15-day-old chick embryos. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 56,000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its Km value for randomly cross-linked ribonuclease, a protein used as a substrate for the enzyme, was 0.3 microM, and the Km value for DTT was 1.0 microM. Its optimum pH was 7.5 and its optimum temperature, 33 degrees C. The maximal velocity of pure protein disulfide-isomerase from chick embryos under optimal conditions was about 29,000 units/g. Protein disulfide-isomerase was able to activate purified prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2- to 3-fold, the activation being higher for enzyme stored for a longer time. This activation is probably due to the repairing of disulfide exchanges occurring in the prolyl 4-hydroxylase structure during purification and storage. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity was very stable in microsomes, however, and protein disulfide-isomerase was unable to increase the microsomal prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity, suggesting that prolyl 4-hydroxylase retains its native conformation in microsomes. Protein disulfide-isomerase was able to reactivate prolyl 4-hydroxylase inactivated by mild H2O2 treatment. The activity obtained after this treatment and protein disulfide-isomerase incubation corresponded to the amount of prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer found after H2O2 treatment. The data suggest that protein disulfide-isomerase is able to activate only the tetramer part of the enzyme preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interstitial Lung Disease in Children

This is a multiauthored series on a wide variety of lung diseases that affect children. Almost all of the authors are well known in the field of pediatric pulmonology. Unfortunately, the book's chapters are poorly integrated and reflect the multiple writing styles of the authors. Many of the topics are handled superficially. Another problem is that considerable attention is given to the discussion of obstructive airway diseases when the focus of the book is on restrictive lung diseases. Little or no attention is given to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease or the epidemiologic aspects of restrictive lung disease. In general, the discussions of theory are also limited. The series would have been improved if the publication was limited to one volume that focused on interstitial lung diseases, including natural history, treatment, and unanswered research questions. It would have also been strengthened if the chapters had been better integrated. The

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nuclear command and control in NATO: nuclear weapons and operations and the strategy of flexible response

Journal Article Nuclear command and control in NATO: nuclear weapons and operations and the strategy of flexible response Get access Nuclear command and control in NATO: nuclear weapons and operations and the strategy of flexible response. By Shaun R. Gregory. London: Macmillan. 1996. 251pp. Index. £45.00. ISBN 0 333 64697 5. Christoph Bluth Christoph Bluth 1University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 73, Issue 2, April 1997, Pages 357–358, https://doi.org/10.2307/2623841 Published: 01 April 1997

Topic: Nuclear Issues and Defense
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Consequences of Adolescent or Adult Ethanol Exposure on Tone and Context Fear Retention: Effects of an Acute Ethanol Challenge During Conditioning

Background An acute ethanol (EtOH) challenge prior to fear conditioning typically disrupts fear retention to contextual cues to a greater degree than fear retention to a discrete tone cue, and adolescent rats are less sensitive than adults to these EtOH‐induced disruptions of context fear memory. Given that some research suggests that repeated EtOH exposure during adolescence may “lock‐in” adolescent‐typical EtOH sensitivity into adulthood, the purpose of this study was to determine whether adults exposed to EtOH as adolescents would be less sensitive to EtOH‐induced disruptions of context fear. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given 4 g/kg intragastric EtOH (25% v/v) or water every 48 hours for a total of 11 exposures during adolescence (postnatal day [P] 28 to 48) or adulthood (P70–90). After a 22‐day non‐EtOH period, animals were acutely challenged with 1 g/kg intraperitoneal EtOH or saline 10 minutes prior to tone or context (noncued) fear conditioning. Tone and context fear retention was subsequently examined. Results Regardless of age or exposure history, typical deficits in context fear retention were evident after EtOH challenge during conditioning. Similarly, tone fear retention was disrupted in all animals that were trained in the presence of EtOH, which was somewhat surprising given the relative resistance of tone fear retention to an acute EtOH challenge. Conclusions These results do not support the notion of a “lock‐in” of adolescent‐typical EtOH sensitivity as there was no influence of exposure age on sensitivity to the disruptive effects of an acute EtOH challenge. Thus, it appears that not all adolescent‐like EtOH sensitivities persist into adulthood after prior EtOH exposure during adolescence.

Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Risk factors to be considered at the beginning of antihypertensive therapy in diabetes mellitus].

The treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients due to its high prevalence rate belongs to the everyday clinical practice of internists, diabetologists and general practitioners. The main points of the initiation on of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients are reviewed. In order to decrease the target organ damages the treatment of early recognized cardiovascular risk factors are of great importance. The target value of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients is < 130/80 mmHg (in case of proteinuria > 1 g daily: < 125/75 mmHg). The global cardiovascular risk is high or very high in diabetic patients both with grade I-III hypertension and with high normal blood pressure, therefore, treatment with antihypertensive drug (besides life style optimalisation) should be initiated promptly in these cases. In case of micro- or macroalbuminuria antihypertensive drug (mainly with characteristics of blocking the renin-angiotensin-system) should be given to each diabetic subject irrespective of actual blood pressure values. Success of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients could be achieved mainly with combination therapy only. It is reasonable to initiate antihypertensive therapy primarily with a low dose combination of two agents in diabetic patients with hypertension.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Multiscale Modeling of Wobble to Watson–Crick-Like Guanine–Uracil Tautomerization Pathways in RNA

Energetically unfavorable Watson–Crick (WC)-like tautomeric forms of nucleobases are known to introduce spontaneous mutations, and contribute to replication, transcription, and translation errors. Recent NMR relaxation dispersion techniques were able to show that wobble (w) G•U mispair exists in equilibrium with the short-lived, low-population WC-like enolic tautomers. Presently, we have investigated the wG•U → WC-like enolic reaction pathway using various theoretical methods: quantum mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD), and combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM). The previous studies on QM gas phase calculations were inconsistent with experimental data. We have also explored the environmental effects on the reaction energies by adding explicit water. While the QM-profile clearly becomes endoergic in the presence of water, the QM/MM-profile remains consistently endoergic in the presence and absence of water. Hence, by including microsolvation and QM/MM calculations, the experimental data can be explained. For the G•Uenol→ Genol•U pathway, the latter appears to be energetically more favorable throughout all computational models. This study can be considered as a benchmark of various computational models of wG•U to WC-like tautomerization pathways with and without the environmental effects, and may contribute on further studies of other mispairs as well.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LEUKEMOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OF ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA

O-15 Following infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), a long latent period is required for the development of frank adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), suggesting that accumulated genetic or epigenetic changes of the host genes are involved in leukemogenesis. In HTLV-I+ carriers, CD4+ memory T-cells increase in accordance with HTLV-I provirus load. In contrast, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells decrease, which might account for the immunodeficiency associated with HTLV-I infection. Phenotypes of increased CD4 memory T-cells are similar to those of ATL cells, suggesting that HTLV-I viral protein(s), especially Tax, promotes the proliferation of infected cells, leading to the onset of ATL. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16 gene, is one of tumor suppressor genes, whose deletions have been shown to be associated with high-grade malignant ATL. We examined the methylation profile of p16 in various HTLV-I-infected cell populations using methylation-specific PCR (MSPCR) following sodium bisulfite treatment. A high frequency of methylation of p16 gene was identified in ATL samples and HTLV-I-transformed cell lines. Sequencing of p16 revealed that the CpG sites of p16 were more frequently methylated in fresh leukemic cells than detected with MSPCR. Fresh leukemic cells isolated from acute and lymphoma-type ATL cases had more methylated sites than those from chronic or smoldering ATL cases. These data suggest that the CpG sites of p16 are methylated at greater levels as the disease progresses, resulting in the suppression of p16 expression. Although Tax has been shown to functionally inactivate p16, the methylation of p16 also appears to play a critical role in regulating p16 in HTLV-I-associated leukemogenesis.

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Individual Differences in Women During Walking Affect Tibial Response to Load Carriage: The Importance of Individualized Musculoskeletal Finite-Element Models

Subject-specific features can contribute to the susceptibility of an individual to stress fracture. Here, we incorporated tibial morphology and material properties into a standard musculoskeletal finite-element (M/FE) model and investigated how load carriage influences joint kinetics and tibial mechanics in women. We obtained the morphology and material properties of the tibia from computed tomography images for women of three distinctly different heights, 1.51 m (short), 1.63 m (medium), and 1.75 m (tall), and developed individualized M/FE models for each. Then, we calculated joint and muscle forces, and subsequently, tibial stress/strain for each woman walking at 1.3 m/s under various load conditions (0, 11.3, or 22.7 kg). Among the subjects investigated, using individualized and standard M/FE models, the joint reaction forces (JRFs) differed by up to 4 (hip), 22 (knee), and 26% (ankle), and the 90th percentile von Mises stress by up to 30% (tall woman). Load carriage evoked distinct biomechanical responses, with a 22.7-kg load decreasing the peak hip JRF during late stance by ∼18% in the short woman, while increasing it by ∼39% in the other two women. It also increased peak knee and ankle JRFs by up to ∼48 (tall woman) and ∼36% (short woman). The same load increased the 90th percentile von Mises stress (and corresponding cumulative stress) by 31 (28), 22 (30), and 27% (32%) in the short, medium, and tall woman, respectively. Our findings highlight the critical role of individualized M/FE models to assess mechanical loading in different individuals performing the same physical activity.

Topic: Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lateral IBIC by single proton counting on diffusion/depletion regions: Theory and experiment

IBIC (Ion Beam Induced Charge) in its "lateral"version is a powerful method for mapping the drift length of carriers in a depletion region of a semiconductor device. This technique has been recently used in order to measure the drift length and to profile the electric field in a p+/nSi junction and in a totally depleted CdTe nuclear detector. Problems in data analysis arise when the device is not totally depleted and diffusion regions are present. These problems are generally solved by a sharp separation between the two regions, which is not the real case, since a smooth transition exists between high and low electric field regions and a back electrode induced field could also be present. In order to overcome these difficulties, a new theoretical approach based on the extended Ramo's theorem has been developed. This theory allows diffusion length to be accurately evaluated taking into account the effects of the finite integration time of the electronic chain.

Topic: Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Off-shell Generalized Parton Distributions of the Pion

We analyze off-shell effects in the generalized parton distributions&#13;\n(GPDs) of the pion in the context of the Sullivan electroproduction process,&#13;\nas well as the corresponding half-off-shell electromagnetic and gravitational&#13;\nform factors. We illustrate our general results within a chiral quark model,&#13;\nwhere the off-shell effects show up at a significant level, indicating their&#13;\ncontribution to uncertainties in the extraction of the GPDs from future&#13;\nexperimental data.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Specificity of Cucumisin in Hydrolysis of Peptide Thiobenzyl Esters

Journal Article Specificity of Cucumisin in Hydrolysis of Peptide Thiobenzyl Esters Get access Makoto Kaneda, Makoto Kaneda Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshihiro Minematsu, Yoshihiro Minematsu School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A. Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James C Powers, James C Powers School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Naotomo Tominaga Naotomo Tominaga Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 1075–1076, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867522 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 05 November 1985 Published: 01 April 1986

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Slow-light effect in dual-periodic photonic lattice

We present analytical and numerical study of photonic lattice with short- and long-range harmonic modulations of the refractive index. Such structures can be prepared experimentally with holographic photolithography. In the spectral region of photonic bandgap of the underlying single-periodic crystal, we observe a series of bands with anomalously small dispersion. The related slow-light effect is attributed to the long-range modulation in the photonic lattice, that leads to formation of an array of evanescently-coupled high-$Q$ cavities. The band structure of the lattice is studied with several techniques: (i) transfer matrix approach; (ii) analysis of resonant coupling in process of band folding; (iii) effective medium approach based on coupled-mode theory; and (iv) Bogolyubov-Mitropolsky approach. The latter method, commonly used in the studies of nonlinear oscillators, was employed to investigate the behavior of the eigen-function envelopes and the band structure of our dual-periodic photonic lattice. We show that reliable results can be obtained even in the case of large refractive index modulation.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Estimation of Long-Term Profitability of Startups: An Experimental Analysis

The objective is to assess the performance of different methods to derive an estimate of internal rate of return (IRR) for startups. Koyck transformation is first used to estimate the parameters of a distributed revenue lag model which are then used to derive IRR. For estimation different scenarios of artificial time series of expenditure and revenue are constructed to describe the early years of startups. These scenarios are based on different parameter values of the distributed lag function and are classified into nine experiments. The performance of the following six different estimation methods are compared with each other in these nine experiments: unrestricted OLS, OLS through the origin (RTO), restricted OLS, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD), Ridge Regression (RR), and restricted Maximum Likelihood (ML). The experimental results indicate that the most efficient estimation method is the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method where the regression is forced through the origin (RTO). The least efficient method is the unrestricted OLS, which emphasizes the importance of RTO.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences