jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF SOLITARY WAVES OVER RANDOM TOPOGRAPHY ∗

Abstract. The deformation of a nonlinear pulse traveling in a dispersive random medium can be studied with asymptotic analysis based on separation of scales when the propagation distance is large compared to the correlation length of the random medium. We consider shallow water waves with a spatially random depth. We use a formulation in terms of a terrain-following Boussinesq system. We compute the effective evolution equation for the front pulse which can be written as a dissipative Kortweg-de Vries equation. We study the soliton dynamics driven by this system. We show, both theoretically and numerically, that a solitary wave is more robust than a linear wave in the early steps of the propagation. However, it eventually decays much faster after a critical distance corresponding to the loss of about half of its initial amplitude. We also perform an asymptotic analysis for a class of random bottom topographies. A universal behavior is captured through the asymptotic analysis of the metric term for the corresponding change to terrain-following coordinates. Within this class we characterize the effective height for highly disordered topographies. The probabilistic asymptotic results are illustrated by performing Monte Carlo simulations with a Schwarz–Christoffel Toolbox.

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cervical laminoforaminotomy for the treatment of cervical degenerative radiculopathy

Object The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to examine the efficacy of posterior laminoforaminotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Methods The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and key words relevant to posterior laminoforaminotomy and cervical radiculopathy. Abstracts were reviewed, and studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. The guidelines group assembled an evidentiary table summarizing the quality of evidence (Classes I–III). Disagreements regarding the level of evidence were resolved through an expert consensus conference. The group formulated recommendations which contained the degree of strength based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines network. Validation was done through peer review by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Results Posterior laminoforaminotomy improves clinical outcome in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy resulting from soft lateral cervical disc displacement or cervical spondylosis with resulting narrowing of the lateral recess. All studies were Class III. The most frequent design flaw involved the lack of utilization of validated outcomes measures. In addition, few historical studies included a detailed preoperative analysis of the patients. As such, the vast majority of studies that included both pre- and postoperative assessments with legitimate outcomes measures have been performed since 1990. Conclusions Posterior laminoforaminotomy is an effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy.

Topic: Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emotional self‐efficacy, graduate employability, and career satisfaction: Testing the associations

Graduate employability has been the subject of little empirical research. There are a number of difficulties in defining and measuring graduate employability, which means there is a paucity of research that looks at its predictors and outcomes. Previous work has proposed that emotional competence improves graduate employability, and this study further investigates this idea by examining the association between emotional self-efficacy and employability. Also investigated is the association between employability and career satisfaction. Working graduates (N = 306) completed measures of emotional self-efficacy, self-perceived employability and career satisfaction and the data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. We found emotional self-efficacy to be an important predictor of graduate employability. Additionally, we found that graduate employability mediates the relationship between emotional self-efficacy and career satisfaction. Some recommendations, in light of these findings, are discussed.

Topic: Higher Education and Employability
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Primary Abdominal Pregnancy With Haemoperitoneum: An Extremely Rare Case Successfully Managed during COVID 19 Pandemic

The abdominal pregnancy is a very rare type of ectopic pregnancy. This can be a primary abdominal ectopic or a secondary abdominal following rupture of tubal or corneal ectopic. this case is reported for its rarity and the challenging surgery required for its management as described below for a successful maternal outcome.

Topic: Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Plant population effect on paddy yield

Yield of rice crop in Pakistan is much less than other countries of the region. One reason for the low yield is the plant population. In order to evaluate and compare the impact of plant population on the paddy yield, farmer fields were surveyed and field trials were conducted at the Mona Project Research Station. In the experimental field trials, plant population was maintained in the range of 175,000 to 225,000 plants per hectare. The study results revealed that the plant population has a direct relationship with the crop yield. The fields having 225,000 plants per hectare produced the highest paddy yield of 4.6 ton/ha that was about 41 percent higher than the field with 175,000 plants per hectare. The plant population in farmer fields were found in the range of 80,000 to 200,000 plants per hectare. The project farmers transplanted rice nursery through hired labour and did not care to maintain optimal level of plant population. The low plant population in the farmer fields caused 50 percent decline in the paddy yield. The economic analysis showed that plant population of 225,000 plants per hectare of rice was an optimal and economically viable level. The decrease from this optimum level affected profitability of the crop.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OUTCOMES AND COST OF SURGERY VERSUS SCLEROTHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYDROCELE

<strong>Background</strong>: Hydrocele accounts for 1% of adult men. Hydrocelectomy considered gold standard , there has been renewed interest in alternatives like aspiration and sclerotherapy, which is less invasive, has less morbidity and complications. <strong>Aim</strong>: To assess outcomes and cost associated with surgery versus sclerotherapy as management of hydrocele <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This retrospective study from June 2020 to dec 2022 conducted in department of general surgery,tertiary care center â€“ kalaburagi. Patients who underwent surgical treatment through the Jaboulay technique(n=76) and sclerotherapy (n=60) evaluated. <strong>Results</strong>: The mean age for surgery 52 yrs versus sclerotherapy 56 yrs,mean time between onset of hydrocele and first outpatient evaluation was 34 months for surgery versus 40 months sclerotherapy,mean volume aspiratedwas 475mL for surgery and 375mL sclerotherapy, mean hospital stay duration for surgery group was 48hrs and sclerotherapy 4 hrs,mean follow-up period was 60 days after surgery and 30 days sclerotherapy. No significant complications occurred in any patient, mean cost per patient was INR 1500 rupees in Surgery Group and 500 rupees Sclerotherapy Group. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sclerotherapy is cost effective management for hydrocele compared to Jaboulay procedure with high success rate, lesser complications, fast discharge.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vegetation mapping issues at the conference “Russian geobotany: results and prospects” (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Geobotany Department of Komarov Botanical Institute)

On 26–30 of September 2022, the Komarov Botanical Institute hosted the conference “Russian Geobotany: Results and Prospects” (on the 100th anniversary of the Komarov Botanical Institute Geobotany Department). 123 participants from 25 cities of Russia as well as colleagues from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vietnam attended the conference. The work of the conference was held in three directions: “Diversity and protection of vegetation”, “Structure and dynamics of plant communities”, “Geography and cartography of vegetation”. 23 presentations were given in the section “Geography and Cartography of Vegetation”, 10 reports only focused on vegetation mapping. Various methodological aspects related to vegetation mapping were discussed: practical significance of cartographic works, for example, assessment of the stability of forest fires, the degree of disturbance, the conservation value of plant communities and habitats, the dynamic state of plant communities; the application of automated methods for interpretation of space images, the use of remote sensing techniques for mapping, etc. The colleagues got very good opportunities to share their experiences on vegetation mapping.

Topic: Soil and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification, characterization and manipulation of Babesia-bovis-infected red blood cells using microfluidics technology.

Nowadays numerous microfluidic systems are being developed to address a variety of clinical problems. Latest advances in microfluidic technology are promising to revolutionize the detection of pathogens in vivo through the development of integrated lab-on-chip devices. Such microfabricated systems will undertake all steps in sample analysis from collection and preparation to molecular detection. Micro total analysis systems are suitable candidates for point of care diagnostics due to small size, low cost production and enabled portability. The work here presented aimed the use of microfluidic platforms to identify and manipulate bovine red blood cells infected by the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis. A microfabricated device based on impedance spectroscopy was used for single cell discrimination and its sensitivity and applicability as a diagnostic method for bovine babesiosis was studied. Furthermore, manipulation and sorting of normal and infected red blood cells was performed on a dielectrophoresis based microfabricated cell cytometer. Single cell analysis of normal and B. bovis infected red blood cells was performed by electrorotation and dielectric parameters such as permittivities and conductivities of the cellular membrane and cytoplasm were determined.

Topic: Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leonardo Reviews

April 01 2001 Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy by FrancisAmes-Lewis. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, and London U.K., 2000. 196 pp., illus. $27.50 (Revised edition in paperback). ISBN: 0-300-07981-8. Wilfred Niels Arnold Wilfred Niels Arnold University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A. E-mail: warnold@kumc.edu. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Wilfred Niels Arnold University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A. E-mail: warnold@kumc.edu. Online Issn: 1530-9282 Print Issn: 0024-094X © 2001 ISAST2001 Leonardo (2001) 34 (2): 161. https://doi.org/10.1162/002409401750184744 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Wilfred Niels Arnold; Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy. Leonardo 2001; 34 (2): 161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/002409401750184744 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLeonardo Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2001 ISAST2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Architecture and Art History Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cabinet Card of Young Woman Photographed by N. C. Shorey, of Toronto [n.d.]

An unidentified African Canadian young woman is the subject of this cabinet card portrait photograph by N. C. Shorey, of Toronto, Ontario. The photo is undated but believed to be taken in the late 1890s. The photographer's stamp, with his name and address, appears in the gold lettering at the bottom of the card. The young woman in the photograph could possibly be a relative of the Sloman - Bell family, who resided in the London and St. Catharines areas. This cabinet card was in the possession of Iris Sloman Bell, of St. Catharines, Ontario. The Sloman - Bell family relatives are descended from former Black slaves from the United States.N. C. Shorey is listed as a photographer in Toronto, Ont. from 1892 - 1900.&#13;\n&#13;\nSource: Phillips, Glen C. The Ontario photographers list (1851-1900). Sarnia: Iron Gate Publishing Co., 1990.&#13;\n&#13;\n"Cabinet card photographs were first introduced in 1866. They were initially employed for landscapes rather than portraitures. Cabinet cards replaced Carte de visite photographs as the popular mode of photography. Cabinet cards became the standard for photographic portraits in 1870. Cabinet cards experienced their peak in popularity in the 1880's. Cabinet cards were still being produced in the United States until the early 1900's and continued to be produced in Europe even longer. The best way to describe a cabinet card is that it is a thin photograph that is mounted on a card that measures 4 1/4″ by 6 1/2″. Cabinet cards frequently have artistic logos and information on the bottom or the reverse of the card which advertised the photographer or the photography studio's services."&#13;\n&#13;\nSource: http://cabinetcardgallery.wordpress.com/category/cabinet-card-history/

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Covalent acid‐labile crosslinkages in wool

Abstract The extent of the first stage of supercontraction of wool fibers in 8 M LiBr (20°C.) was unaltered by the incorporation of 1 N HCl in the solutions, whereas the extent of total supercontraction (98.5°C.) was greatly increased by the presence of HCl in the LiBr solutions. Likewise, with reduced and methylated wool, the relationship between the extent of the first stage of supercontraction and the content of residual disulfide was not affected by the presence of HCl in the solutions. When reduced and methylated wool fibers containing few residual disulfide groups were allowed to supercontract in solutions containing 8 M LiBr and varying concentrations of HCl, the fibers contracted rapidly until the extent of total supercontraction in neutral solutions was approached. The rate then changed suddenly and became directly proportional to the concentration of acid in the solutions. Extensive supercontraction was observed also in alkaline solutions of LiBr if carboxyl groups of the reduced and methylated fibers were first ethylated to decrease the solubility of the wool proteins. Cortical cells, which were prepared by digesting reduced and methylated wool with crude trypsin, resembled whole wool in their behavior. It was concluded that wool contains covalent crosslinkages which are hydrolyzed by acids and alkalies. Evidence is presented that these bonds are stabilized by disulfide crosslinkages. The possiblity that disulfide interchange takes place during supercontraction in solutions of LiBr‐HCl is discussed.

Topic: Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic variation among Stipa grandis P. Smirn populations with different durations of fencing in the Inner Mongolian Steppe

The genetic structure of a population should be carefully considered in ecological restoration because it may play a critical role in maintaining the persistence of a restored ecosystem. In the present study, we examined genetic diversity and genetic structure of Stipa grandis P. Smirn populations from fenced and grazed plots using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Molecular genetic variation showed that the genetic diversity of the fenced populations was greater compared with the overgrazed population. There was a significant variation among the populations (Fst = 0.3689, P &amp;lt; 0.001) by AMOVA analysis, and the gene flow was 0.4039 among the populations. The results from a comparison of limited morphological characteristics and from an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis suggested that genetic differentiation had occurred between the fenced populations and the grazed populations. The largest genetic diversity was in the moderately grazed population, which might be related to higher population density and greater sexual reproduction due to less disturbances in the plots. The genetic diversity of the long-term (24 years) fenced population was similar to that of a short-term fenced population (fenced for 11 years). These results suggested that the genetic diversity in the overgrazed population might be increased to some extent through fencing, but this effect did not occur beyond 11 years.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mortal Kombat in the Context of Artificial Intelligence: From Digital Game to Cinematic Legend

The evolution of the Mortal Kombat brand from its original form as a fighting game in 1992 to its film adaptation in 1995 illustrates the unique process of multimedia transmission and highlights the creative possibilities of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence. The original Mortal Kombat, a pioneer in the fighting game genre, contains only minimal hints of story. These basic details about the characters and the tournament were expanded upon through John Tobias’ companion comic, which offered players their first glimpse into the larger context of the Mortal Kombat world. The 1995 film adaptation, directed by Paul W. S. Anderson, introduced a deeper story that was missing from both the game and the comic. Technical innovations, including the use of digital effects such as Sub-Zero’s ice attacks and Reptile’s transformation, greatly enriched the film’s visual style and elevated Mortal Kombat to a new level. This process transformed Mortal Kombat from a simple game concept into a complex multimedia phenomenon and laid the groundwork for subsequent franchises and films, making the brand more appealing to a wider audience. This article examines these developments in the context of narrative and technological change, including artificial intelligence, highlighting Mortal Kombat’s contribution to shaping pop culture identity and the innovative use of digital technologies in the film industry.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Birmingham, UK, 2009–19: An observational study

Over 10-years of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Birmingham presents an opportunity to explore epidemiological trends and risk factors for transmission in new detail.Between 1st January 2009 and 15th June 2019, we obtained the first WGS isolate from every patient resident in a postcode district covered by Birmingham's centralised tuberculosis service. Data on patients' sex, country of birth, social risk-factors, anatomical locus of disease, and strain lineage were collected. Poisson harmonic regression was used to assess seasonal variation in case load and a mixed-effects multivariable Cox proportionate hazards model was used to assess risk factors for a future case arising in clusters defined by a 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) threshold, and by 12 SNPs in a sensitivity analysis.511/1653 (31%) patients were genomically clustered with another. A seasonal variation in diagnoses was observed, peaking in spring, but only among clustered cases. Risk-factors for a future clustered case included UK-birth (aHR=2·03 (95%CI 1·35-3·04), p < 0·001), infectious (pulmonary/laryngeal/miliary) tuberculosis (aHR=3·08 (95%CI 1·98-4·78), p < 0·001), and M. tuberculosis lineage 3 (aHR=1·91 (95%CI 1·03-3·56), p = 0·041) and 4 (aHR=2·27 (95%CI 1·21-4·26), p = 0·011), vs. lineage 1. Similar results pertained to 12 SNP clusters, for which social risk-factors were also significant (aHR 1·72 (95%CI 1·02-2·93), p = 0·044). There was marked heterogeneity in transmission patterns between postcode districts.There is seasonal variation in the diagnosis of genomically clustered, but not non-clustered, cases. Risk factors for clustering include UK-birth, infectious forms of tuberculosis, and infection with lineage 3 or 4.Wellcome Trust, MRC, UKHSA.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characterization of world's Foxtail Millet germplasm collections for morphological traits

Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.] is one of the&#13;\nworld’s oldest cultivated crops. Its domestication and&#13;\ncultivation is estimated to have occurred over 4000 years&#13;\nago (Chang 1968). It was the most important food crop of&#13;\nthe Neolithic culture in China. Foxtail millet ranks second&#13;\nin the world’s total production of millets and is an important staple food for millions of people in southern Europe and Asia (Marathee 1993). There is wide genetic diversity available in foxtail millet, and characterizing these resources is a prerequisite for the genetic improvement of its cultivars. In this article we report the characterization and classification of foxtail millet germplasm conserved at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)-Patancheru, India.

Topic: Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Food allergy

Intestinal allergic states are common, but so are misconceptions about them. Since cow milk is one of the most common foods to produce an adverse immunologic reaction, it serves here as a prototype of food allergy in general. The mechanism of this reaction and its clinical and laboratory manifestations vary considerably from patient to patient. Once the diagnosis is established, however, treatment is relatively straightforward.

Topic: Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences