jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic, demographic and political determinants of pollution reassessed: A sensitivity analysis

Recent literature proposes many variables as significant determinants of pollution. This paper gives an overview of this literature and asks which of these factors have an empirically robust impact on water and air pollution, i.e. do not depend upon the conditioning information set. For this, we apply Extreme Bound Analysis (EBA) on a panel of 208 countries covering the period 1960-2001. We find supportive evidence on the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. Furthermore, mainly demographic variables and variables capturing the economic structure of a country contribute in explaining air and water pollution.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Pragmatism as the foundation of cognitive enactivism

The current prevailing embodied cognitive science is essentially the result of the pragmatic turn of cognitive science, and enactivism is the epitome of this turn. For a long time, most advocates of enactivism have consciously regarded phenomenology as their important source of thought but ignored its pragmatic roots. In fact, there are many similarities between enactivism and pragmatism, and pragmatism has foreshadowed some core ideas and principles of enactivism. In particular, enactivism contains a pragmatic assumption that there is interaction between organisms and their environment, and cognitive ability is evolved and developed by organisms in the history of interactions with their environment. Their interpretations of cognition both rely on the theoretical support of biology and emphasize the basic role of organisms’ active capacities and environment in the formation of cognition. They hold a neutral monism position ontologically. Undoubtedly, pragmatism is the precursor of cognitive enactivism. Pragmatism not only provides rich conceptual resources for the development of enactivism, but also provides a unique perspective and method to solve some problems in its theory. Pragmatism is a rich mine for enactivists to further explore.

Topic: Embodied and Extended Cognition
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Visual marbling score and chemical fat content of the M. longissimus in beef carcasses.

The visually assessed marbling score and the intramuscular fat content at the 5th rib and the 10th rib positions were determined for M. longissimus samples from 48 beef carcasses of 4 breeds. The carcasses were heavy (mean side weight of 195 kg), relatively fat (mean P8 fat thickness of 18 mm), had mean marbling scores of 2.6 at the 5th rib and 2.4 at the 10th rib and mean intramuscular fat contents of 8.63% at the 5th rib and 7.97% at the 10th rib. The correlation coefficient between marbling score and intramuscular fat content at the 5th rib was 0.68 and at the 10th rib was 0.49, with some pronounced breed differences occurring at the 10th rib but not at the 5th rib. Marbling scores assessed at either the 5th rib or the 10th rib did not provide a useful prediction of intramuscular fat content.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 796267: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Uveitis

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare cause of uveitis. Routine antinuclear antibody testing has a low positive predictive value for SLE. These data suggest such testing should be reserved for patients where there is a higher pretest probability of SLE.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evolution in the Design of V-Shaped Highly Conductive Pathways Embedded in a Heat-Generating Piece

This paper presents the evolution of architecture of high conductivity pathways embedded into a heat generating body on the basis of Constructal theory. The main objective is to introduce new geometries for the highly conductive pathways, precisely configurations shaped as V. Four types of V-shaped inserts, evolving from “V1” to “V4,” have been comparatively considered. Geometric optimization of design is conducted to minimize the peak temperature of the heat generating piece. Many ideas emerged from this work: first of all, the numerical results demonstrated that the V-shaped pathways remarkably surpass the performance of some basic configurations already mentioned in literature, i.e., “I and X-shaped” pathways. Furthermore, the evolution of configurations from V1 to V4 resulted in a gradual reduction of the hot spot temperature, according to the principle of “optimal distribution of imperfections” that characterizes the constructal law.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
“Many a Zayd and ‘Amr”: Mediation and Representation in Al-Andalus

The go-between reemerges in Iberian letters some hundred years after Ibn Hazm created a space for her in the Andalusi courtly discourse of love elaborated in the Dove's Neck Ring. The taifa courts, the inheritors of Umayyad splendor and culture, were in their infancy as Ibn Hazm was composing The Dove's Neck Ring, but by the end of the eleventh century they have fallen to the Berber Almoravids. Unlike Ibn Hazm, whose Dove's Neck Ring reflects a hopeful attitude that Andalusi caliphal splendor might be restored, Abū l-Tāhir Muhammad al-Saraqustī, al-Andalusi, Ibn al­Ashtarkuwi (d. 1 143) (al-Saraqustī) turns a critical eye to Andalusi splen­dor and its legacy—the literature of Andalusi Arab identity—exposing this cultural model as an illusion no longer viable in a changed Iberian cultural landscape. Mediation and mediators figure prominently in al-Saraqustī's col­lection of fifty brief narratives, the Maqâmât al-luzûmiyah, both as characters within the narrative and in the very literary form he has chosen for such representation, the maqâmât, which itself is defined by formal and stylistic conjuncture (discussed in detail below). In her new context the go-between is no longer part of a codified courtly discourse. The go-between and the rhymed prose with which she was created have been displaced from the caliphal court and now begin to roam in a new Andalusi land­scape, that of al-Saraqustī's maqâmât. In "Maqâma 9" we witness as she creates her own erotic discourse, offering the lover fictional accounts of a nonexistent beloved in order to manipulate him to her own ends.KeywordsEleventh CenturyLiterary DiscourseSlave WomanRhetorical SkillCourtly LoveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Covid-19 Between State of Emergency and Exception in Italy and Its Consequences on Human Rights

Abstract In mid-December 2019, several atypical cases of pneumonia were detected in hospitals in Wuhan City – Hubei Province – in Inner China. It turns out that the first patients had already fallen ill in early December or even mid-November. However, only on the last day of the year 2019, Chinese doctors were able to officially identify a new virus in a 41-year-old patient admitted 5 days earlier. The virus belongs to the class of “coronavirus”, the same to which the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) viruses belong. It is initially baptized 2019-nCov, or “new 2019 coronavirus”. In February, the official name assigned to the virus is Sars-COV-2 and the associated disease is named COVID-19. The outbreak took on considerable proportions in China and then spread to the rest of the world, leading the World Health Organization to declare the infection a “pandemic” on 11 March 2020. The containment strategies applied in the most affected countries have proved to be very different in effectiveness, to the point that the lethality of the virus appears very different from country to country. This difference in impact has led to different legal, economic and social consequences.

Topic: COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data on the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided targeted and systematic biopsy

This is a dataset from the original publication “Reasons for missing clinically significant prostate cancer by targeted magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy”. From 01/2014 to 04/2019 a sample collective of 785 patients with 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of the prostate and subsequent combined systematic biopsy (SB) and magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (US) fusion-guided biopsy (TB) was retrospectively analyzed. Prostate carcinoma (PCa) detection by TB and/or additional SB was analyzed.

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A BFIS-like syndrome with late onset and febrile seizures: suggestive linkage to chromosome 16p11.2–16q12.1

Benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS) is a dominant idiopathic epilepsy with partial and secondary generalized seizures with age of onset between 3 and 12 months. Here we describe a four generation family with some characteristic features of BFIS in 8 affected members with an unusual clinical phenotype. Onset was consistently between 14 and 20 months of age with clusters of complex-partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and a high rate of febrile seizures, which have not been described for BFIS previously. All affected members showed multifocal interictal epileptiform discharges in the EEG. The known loci for benign familial neonatal/infantile seizures (BFNS/BFNIS), generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus syndrome (GEFS+) and the BFIS locus on chromosome 19q were excluded. Further genetic analysis showed suggestive linkage to the major BFIS locus on chromosome 16 between markers D16S690 and D16S3136. This 'BFIS-like' syndrome may enlarge the phenotypic spectrum of the chromosome 16 region.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Peer Victimization in Middle School

ABSTRACT African American (n = 350) and Latino (n = 435) 6th grade students from eight middle schools completed self-report measures of peer victimization and psychological adjustment (i.e., self-esteem, anxiety, loneliness, depression, and physical symptoms). Peer nomination procedures were used to determine which students had reputations as victims and which students were accepted, rejected, and perceived as most «cool.» In addition, homeroom teachers rated participating students on social behavior and academic engagement and students' grades were collected from school records. We created four victim groups based on self-and peer perceptions. «True» victims (agreement between self and peer) experienced the worst outcomes on all of the adjustment variables examined. However, different adjustment difficulties were reported for victim groups where there was disagreement between self-and peer views. Self-perceived victimization was predictive of psychological maladjustment, whereas the reputational measure was more related to peer rejection and negative teacher ratings. The implications of the findings for both accurate identification of victims of harassment and targeted intervention strategies were discussed.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 213097: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Collective thinking approach for improving leak detection systems

Abstract Water mains, especially old pipelines, are consistently threatened by the formation of leaks. Leaks inherit increased direct and indirect costs and impacts on various levels such as the economic field and the environmental level. Recently, financially capable municipalities are testing acoustic early detection systems that utilize wireless noise loggers. Noise loggers would be distributed throughout the water network to detect any anomalies in the network. Loggers provide early detection via recording and analyzing acoustic signals within the network. The city of Montreal adopted one of the leak detection projects in this domain and had reported that the main issue that hinders the installed system is false alarms. False alarms consume municipality resources and funds inefficiently. Therefore, this paper aims to present a novel approach to utilize more than one data analysis and classification technique to ameliorate the leak identification process. In this research, acoustic leak signals were analyzed using Fourier Transform, and the multiple frequency bandwidths were determined. Three models were developed to identify the state of the leak using Naïve Bayes (NB), Deep Learning (DL), and Decision Tree (DT) Algorithms. Each of the developed models has an accuracy ranging between 84% to 89%. An aggregator approach was developed to cultivate the collective approaches developed into one single answer. Through aggregation, the accuracy of leak detection improved from 89% at its best to 100%. The design, implementation approach and results are displayed in this paper. Using this method helps municipalities minimize and alleviate the costs of uncertain leak verifications and efficiently allocate their resources.

Topic: Water Systems and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Spots and Activity of Stars in the Beehive Cluster Observed by the Kepler Space Telescope (K2)

The spottedness parameters S (the fraction of the visible surface of the star occupied by spots) characterizing the activity of 674 stars in the Beehive Cluster (age 650 Myr) are estimated, together with variations of this parameter as a function of the rotation period, Rossby number Ro and other characteristics of the stars. The activity of the stars in this cluster is lower than the activity of stars in the younger Pleiades (125 Myr). The average S value for the Beehive Cluster stars is 0.014, while Pleiades stars have the much higher average value 0.052. The activity parameters of 61 solar-type stars in the Beehive Cluster, similar Hyades stars (of about the same age), and stars in the younger Pleiades are compared. The average S value of such objects in the Beehive Cluster is 0.014± 0.008, nearly coincident with the estimate obtained for solar-type Hyades stars. The rotation periods of these objects are 9.1 ± 3.4 day, on average, in agreement with the average rotation period of the Hyades stars (8.6 d ). Stars with periods exceeding 3–4 d are more numerous in the Beehive Cluster than in the Pleiades, and their periods have a larger range, 3–30 d . The characteristic dependence with a kink at Ro (saturation) = 0.13 is not observed in the S–Rossby number diagram for the Beehive and Hyades stars, only a clump of objects with Rossby numbers Ro > 0.7. The spottedness data for the Beehive Cluster and Hyades stars are in good agreement with the S values for dwarfs with ages of 600–700 Myr. This provides evidence for the reliability of the results of gyrochronological calibrations. The data for the Beehive and Pleiades stars are used to analyze variations in the spot-forming activity for a large number of stars of the same age that are members of a single cluster. A joint consideration of the data for two clusters can be used to draw conclusions about the time evolution of the activity of stars of different masses (over a time interval of the order of 500 Myr).

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 6: of Transcriptomic response to parasite infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) depends on rearing density

Summary of gill gene ontology enrichment: Summary of gene ontology (GO) term enrichment of gill genes differentially expressed between control (uninfected) and Saprolegnia-infected Oreochromis niloticus density treatment groups (LD; low density, HD; high density), including total number of differentially expressed genes, most significant GO term, major biological process clusters determined using ReViGO. â denotes increased expression in infected fish and â denotes decreased expression. (XLSX 2288 kb)

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Enzymatic Cascades for Efficient Biotransformation of Racemic Lactate Derived from Corn Steep Water

The corn starch industry produces a large amount of corn steep water, leading to high organic waste load. Lactate could be separated from corn steep water at a low cost, which supports the value-added utilization of corn steep water. However, the racemic characteristic of lactate from corn steep water restricts the development of this promising process. In this study, using d-lactate oxidase (d-LOX) from Gluconobacter oxydans, l-lactate oxidase (l-LOX) from Pediococcus sp., pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis, and catalase from bovine liver, we synthesized an in vitro enzymatic system, including different enzymatic cascades, for the production of valuable platform chemicals from lactate separated from the corn steep water. Pyruvate was produced as an important intermediate and further converted into C2 (acetaldehyde) and C4 (acetoin) platform chemicals at high yields using optimized concentrations of pyruvate decarboxylase. The in vitro enzymatic system not only provides a novel technology platform for the production of optical lactate and lactate derivatives but also supports the sustainable development of corn starch industry.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FIGURE 24. Ariadna caerulea Keyserling, 1877 in The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae)

FIGURE 24. Ariadna caerulea Keyserling, 1877. Male from Suesca (ICN-Ar 4762) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); right metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from Bogotá (MNHNP-AR 25233) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar: 1mm.

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of 50- or 60-Hertz, 100 mT Magnetic Field Exposure in the DMBA Mammary Cancer Model in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Possible Explanations for Different Results from Two Laboratories

In line with the possible relationship between electric power and breast cancer risk and the underlying melatonin hypothesis, 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) exposure at microtesla flux densities for either 13 or 27 weeks significantly increased the development and growth of mammary tumors in a series of experiments from Löscher's group in Germany.Löscher's group used the 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of breast cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats.The finding could not be replicated when a similar experimental protocol was used in a study conducted by Battelle in the United States.In the present paper, investigators from the two groups discuss differences between their studies that might explain the apparent discrepancies between the results.These differences include the use of different substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats (the U.S. rats were more susceptible to DMBA than the European rats), different sources for diet and DMBA, differences in environmental conditions, and differences in MF exposure metrics.Furthermore, the effects of MF exposure reported by Löscher's group, albeit significant, were weak.We also discuss the general problem of replicating such weak effects.

Topic: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: MNDO Barrier Heights for Catalyzed Bicycle‐Pedal, Hula‐Twist, and Ordinary cis‐trans Isomerizations of Protonated Retinal Schiff Base.

Abstract Energy barriers to dark cis‐trans isomerization in a protonated retinal Schiff base model (I) in the presence and absence of electrostatic and nucleophilic catalysts are calculated.

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A cross sectional investigation of the relationship between mindfulness, emotion regulation and eating disorder symptoms amongst female university students

Recently it has been established that individuals with eating disorders have difficulties regulating their emotions and have low levels of mindfulness. The current study has employed undergraduate female participants (N = 119) with no prior diagnosis of an eating disorder in order to explore the relationship between mindfulness, emotion regulation and eating disorder symptoms in a non-clinical setting. The aim of this research is to increase the understanding of how these psychological constructs are possible risk factors for young female students in developing anorexia nervosa. Participants completed a cross sectional survey which included the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – Short form (FFMQ-SF), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). Results indicate how individuals with more symptoms typical of eating disorders had lower levels of mindfulness and greater difficulties regulating their emotions. The relationship between mindfulness and eating disorders was found to be mediated by emotion regulation. This research emphasises the importance of understanding the psychological aspects of eating disorders as it has been demonstrated that low mindfulness and poor emotion regulation could be possible risk factors in developing an eating disorder. Further research is warranted to explore this using a prospective design.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences