jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment discontinuation rates due to lack of efficacy through 1 year of maintenance treatment with vedolizumab or subcutaneous infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Background: Infliximab (IFX) and vedolizumab (VDZ), frequently used biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are available as intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) formulations; however, comparative data are limited. Objectives: To compare the rates of discontinuation due to lack of efficacy during maintenance treatment with infliximab (subcutaneous) and vedolizumab (intravenous and subcutaneous) in patients with moderate-to-severe IBD. Design: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Data sources and methods: Three medical databases, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched from January 2010 to May 2024 to identify phases I–III randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was discontinuation of study drug due to lack of efficacy (per definitions used in the included studies) during maintenance treatment (PROSPERO number CRD42023438330). Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events during maintenance treatment were examined in additional exploratory analyses. Results: We identified three eligible clinical trials in IBD for subcutaneous infliximab (591 patients) and five for vedolizumab (intravenous and subcutaneous formulations; 2117 patients). Rates of discontinuation due to lack of efficacy (per individual study definition) were significantly lower in patients treated with subcutaneous infliximab (0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.06)) than in patients treated with vedolizumab (0.29 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.38)); rates remained significantly lower with subcutaneous infliximab versus vedolizumab, respectively, in the subgroups of patients with Crohn’s disease (0.05 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.07) vs 0.37 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.47)) or ulcerative colitis (0.05 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.07) vs 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.36)). Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were lower in subcutaneous infliximab-treated patients (0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) than in vedolizumab-treated patients (0.08 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.11)). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, rates of discontinuation due to lack of efficacy during maintenance treatment were lower with subcutaneous infliximab than with vedolizumab (intravenous and subcutaneous formulations) in patients with moderate-to-severe IBD. Trial registration: PROSPERO number CRD42023438330.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mass spectrometry of and standard enthalpies of formation of gaseous sodium tetrachloroaluminate and its dimer

Knudsen cell mass spectrometry was performed on vapors from a sample containing NaAlCl4(l) and NaCl(s) at an average temperature of 500 K. The vapor was analyzed using electron bombardment with 50 eV electrons. Several ions were detected which permitted the conclusion that the vapor consisted of AlCl3, Al2Cl6, NaAlCl4, and Na2Al2Cl8. Ion intensities were determined as a function of the temperature of the vapor in the Knudsen cell. Data were treated thermodynamically using the van’t Hoff equation. Statistical mechanical calculations were performed for NaAlCl4(g). The data yielded the following thermodynamic data: standard enthalpy of formation at 500 K of NaAlCl4(g), −997.8±6.0 kJ/mol; standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K of NaAlCl4(g), −994.8±8.0 kJ/mol; standard enthalpy of formation at 500 K of Na2Al2Cl8(g), −2174.7±8.0 kJ/mol.

Topic: Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stigma among patients with lung cancer: a patient-reported measurement model

Results indicate widespread acknowledgment of perceived stigma among lung cancer patients but varying degrees of internalized stigma and associated consequences. Next steps for patient-reported outcome measure development are item consolidation, item development, expert input, and cognitive interviews before field testing and psychometric analysis. Future work should address stigma-related consequences and interventions for reducing lung cancer stigma.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Airport noise

An aircraft noise calculation is considerably more complex than using a program with a specific name. Certainly, the concepts of acoustic models remain important. But there is a large amount of preprocessing and postprocessing to be handled very similarly with any noise calculation program. The fact that a result can be only as good as the input data leads to the importance of the input data preprocessing. Decisions made by the user during preprocessing can easily have a greater impact on the uncertainty of the results than the acoustic model used. Therefore, this chapter on aircraft noise is not a technical manual on how to compute noise with a specific program, but it stresses common features and constraints of all aircraft noise calculation programs.&lt;br /&gt;First, there is an overview on special aspects of aircraft noise calculations. The task to squeeze real airport operations into a few average input data sets, called scenario, is addressed next. Then the different generations of program-architectures and the consequences for the required sound databases are discussed. The main problem is and remains the availability of specific sound emission data. The four candidates for a European noise calculation program are briefly described. Then specific aspects of propagation in aircraft noise programs are discussed. The contour lines are generated in postprocessing. The quality of a noise calculation is characterised by the overall uncertainty, which depends on the scenario's complexity, the acoustic model used, and the completeness of the available sound data. User guidance is given in the application guide of DOC.29. To conclude, the revised third edition of DOC.29, published by ECAC in 2005 and used with the database ANP, represents the state of the art in Europe for aircraft noise calculations, unless a new sound emission database was established opening the road toward simulation programs.&lt;br /&gt;The words &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;noise&lt;/em&gt; are used throughout the chapter. The meaning are as follows: &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt; describes a physical (measurable) property, whereas &lt;em&gt;noise&lt;/em&gt; is used in a general meaning, sometimes including aspects of annoyance, but many times &lt;em&gt;noise&lt;/em&gt; is used also instead of &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt;. Examples: sound emission, sound level, but noise contours.

Topic: Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New and Nonofficial Remedies

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Idiopathic male infertility – what are we missing?

Couple's infertility is a rising issue worldwide affecting approximately 15% of couples. In 50% of the couples, a male factor infertility can be identified. Moreover, 30% of the men exhibit reduced sperm quality without any identifiable reason, thereby delineating the condition of idiopathic male infertility (IMI). Despite numerous improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility over the last decades, idiopathic forms are still the most challenging clinical dilemmas. The aim of this article is to describe the comprehensive diagnostic work-up that each idiopathic infertile man should follow. Moreover, potential new pathophysiological mechanisms and suggested treatment options are discussed. A detailed medical history and an extensive physical examination are mandatory to investigate potential treatable causes of MFI. Similarly, standard semen analysis has been proven to be limited in capturing the fecundability of the spermatozoa itself, therefore more advanced examinations, such as sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and oxidative stress measurement, are becoming important in clinical practice for IMI. In terms of diagnostic tools, imaging and genetic investigations are useful to classify idiopathic infertile men, however, epigenetic changes have demonstrated to have a role in sperm production and a prognostic value in fertility outcomes. Antioxidant treatment for IMI has been found to be a valid option to counteract ROS action, while gonadotropins are used to improve sperm quality and SDF. Artificial intelligence is promising to better manage idiopathic infertile men in terms of diagnosis and treatment options.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cuando la política no toma las cosas en serio La efervescencia de la criminalidad y sus causas

The author analyzes the reality of the criminal matter and exposes his certainty that there is a relational process in the genesis of criminality caused by the effect of the structures and the functioning of economic power in human interaction, which stimulates personal factors for acting negatively; a situation that is not handled by the absent State and dwarfed by neoliberalism which hampers both - individual and society - from seeing the criminal matter through scientific knowledge and building an effective criminological policy assuming, on the contrary, a purely repressive penal policy, that constitutes a comprehensive security criminal policy , of confrontation, not of convergence and cooperation.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Penology
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advanced Aspects of Crude Oils Correlating Data of Classical Biomarkers and Mass Spectrometry Petroleomics

The complex geochemical characteristics of crude oils can provide important information on oil generation, such as the input of organic matter and their depositional environments, also supporting exploration, extraction, and production. This work reports the first organic geochemical evaluation of oils from the first commercial Brazilian onshore field (Carmópolis, Sergipe, Brazil) via both classical biomarkers and petroleomics data collected via ultrahigh-resolution and accuracy Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to characterize the oil composition in terms of n-alkane, isoprenoid, terpane, and sterane biomarkers, whereas either positive or negative electrospray ionization (ESI) and FT-ICR were used to profile the polar constituents of the oils. GC/MS revealed geochemical characteristics that classify the oil at different levels of thermal evolution and biodegradation. FT-ICR MS attributed molecular formulas to more than 3000 polar oil constituents, allowing geochemical parameters to be inferred mainly from the carbon number (Cn) and double bond equivalent (DBE) trends, along with the N and O2 classes. The Dia27(S + R)/αααC27(S + R), % C28, and % C29 parameters and S/(S + R)αααC29, αββ(S + R)/αββ + ααα(S + R)C29, and % C27 biomarkers obtained from GC/MS were responsible to indicate similarity between samples, whereas N and O2 classes provided the most distinction among the crude oil blends in terms of the level of biodegradation and thermal maturity.

Topic: Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from: Genetic diversity loss in a biodiversity hotspot: ancient DNA quantifies genetic decline and former connectivity in a critically endangered marsupial.

The extent of genetic diversity loss and former connectivity between fragmented populations are often unknown factors when studying endangered species. While genetic techniques are commonly applied in extant populations to assess temporal and spatial demographic changes, it is no substitute for directly measuring past diversity using ancient DNA (aDNA). We analysed both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear microsatellite loci from 64 historical fossil and skin samples of the critically endangered Western Australian woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi), and compared them with 231 (n=152 for mtDNA) modern samples. In modern woylie populations 15 mitochondrial control region (CR) haplotypes were identified. Interestingly, mtDNA CR data from only 29 historical samples demonstrated 15 previously unknown haplotypes and detected an extinct divergent clade. Through modelling, we estimated the loss of CR mtDNA diversity to be between 46% and 91% and estimated this to have occurred in the past 2000-4000 years in association with a dramatic population decline. Additionally, we obtained near-complete 11-loci microsatellite profiles from 21 historical samples. In agreement with the mtDNA data, a number of ‘new’ microsatellite alleles was only detected in the historical populations despite extensive modern sampling, indicating a nuclear genetic diversity loss greater than 20%. Calculations of genetic diversity (heterozygosity and allelic rarefaction) showed that these were significantly higher in the past and that there was a high degree of gene flow across the woylie's historical range. These findings have an immediate impact on how the extant populations are managed and we recommend the implementation of an assisted migration program to prevent further loss of genetic diversity. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating aDNA data into current-day conservation strategies.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Possibility of Reduction of Diacetyl in Beer via Co-catalysis of ALDC and Glucose Oxidase

Diacetyl has bad effect on the taste of beer even if there is tiny concentration. We summarized the disadvantage,formation mechanism and reduction ways of diacetyl in beer, then pose an assumption reducing the concentration of diacetyl in beer industry via co-catalysis of ALDC and glucose oxidase. What′s more, thinking of practical conditions, we point out the realization possibility of this assumption by comparing characteristics of the two enzymes and detailing the parameters of technical process in beer industry.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Innovations in Semitic color term systems

The article explores the origins of Semitic color terms for yellow, green, and blue. These fundamental color categories are missing from the reconstructed proto-Semitic basic color term system, but their designations were added into basic color term systems of many daughter languages. This chapter focuses on derivations from designations of “referent objects” (objects typically characterized by a certain color and serving as referents for the designation of this color). Referent objects are further classified into natural objects (wax for yellow; vegetation, grass, or leaf for green; sky for blue) and dyes (saffron and turmeric for yellow; kohl and indigo, or indigo-colored objects for blue; the chapter also considers ink as a source for designations of blue-with-green, violet, or black).

Topic: Categorization, perception, and language
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Generalized Wintgen inequality for submanifolds in generalized (<i>κ, µ</i>)-space forms

In this paper, we obtain a generalized Wintgen-type inequality for submanifolds in generalized (κ,µ)-space forms. Further, we discuss the inequality for bi-slant submanifolds, semi-slant submanifolds, hemi-slant submanifolds, CR-submanifolds and slant submanifolds in various ambient spaces. In particular, we generalize some recent results of Mihai, Tohoku Math. J. 69 (2017), and Aquib et al., Tamkang J. Math. 50 (2019) and Mathematics 7(12) (2019).

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Magnetic flux control in an urban distribution network based on load optimisation

This paper proposes a control method for eliminating direct current (DC) flux from the isolation transformer of a customer service device to avoid magnetic saturation. The method is characterised by injecting zero compensation voltage during a designed time. The period during which no compensation voltage is injected is minimised by adjusting the normal compensation time in the initial stage. For a customer service device, such as a dynamic voltage restorer, the reverse turn-off voltage will introduce extra initial flux. The calculation process based on a trigonometric function also takes into account the effects of the initial flux. The experimental results verify the proposed method to prevent DC flux to the isolation transformer.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table from A Genomically and Clinically Annotated Patient-Derived Xenograft Resource for Preclinical Research in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Supplementary Table from A Genomically and Clinically Annotated Patient-Derived Xenograft Resource for Preclinical Research in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design, building and testing of a 10 kW superconducting induction heater

Conventional 50/60 Hz induction heaters for aluminum billets have very large losses. By replacing the copper windings with windings of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, there is a substantial potential for efficiency improvements, especially if low AC loss HTS tapes become available. To examine the feasibility of using HTS in induction heaters, a first, small-scale working model has been designed and built. The induction coil is made of 24 double pancake coils of Bi-2223/Ag tapes. In the initial test, a workpiece of aluminum situated in the warm bore of the coil was heated up to 300/spl deg/C.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
2,6‐Disubstituted N‐Arylsulfonyl Piperidines as γ‐Secretase Inhibitors.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Are Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Effective at Reducing the Operative Rate of Lateral Epicondylitis

Abstract\nWord count: 245/250\nIntroduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a common reason for visits to the orthopedic department. When conservative treatment fails, surgery is typically indicated.\nObjectives: to evaluate if platelet-rich plasma injections effectively decrease the need for surgical intervention in patients with lateral epicondylitis who are not responding to other conservative treatments.\nMethods: a review of literature was conducted regarding platelet-rich plasma injections and their effectiveness in treating lateral epicondylitis. Main outcome measures included presenting symptoms, an accurate diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis, the number of patients not requiring surgery after platelet-rich plasma injections, and recorded pain scores after platelet-rich plasma injections compared to pain scores after surgical release.\nResults: the research suggests promising results that platelet-rich plasma injections decrease the need for surgical intervention in patients with lateral epicondylitis that are not responding to other conservative treatments.\nDiscussion: There is currently an extensive amount of literature discussing PRP injections having an effective role in regards to treating chronic lateral epicondylitis symptoms that do not improve with conservative management. However, there is very limited published literature with comparative data discussing the continued need for surgical intervention after PRP injections are given. PRP injections continue to demonstrate better therapeutic effects compared to corticosteroid injections and new literature suggests that PRP injections are the new, preferred conservative treatment method for lateral epicondylitis.\nConclusion: The data demonstrates that significantly less patients required surgery each year in patients receiving platelet-rich plasma injections.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
GMO authorisations and the Aarhus Regulation: Paving the way for precautionary GMO governance?

This article endeavours to assess whether existing case law under the Aarhus Regulation has opened up any opportunities for civil society to challenge the decision that, in the face of scientific uncertainty, genetically modified organism risks meet the intended European Union levels of health and environmental protection. Against this backdrop, it seeks to establish whether the actions of non-governmental organizations under the Aarhus Regulation have resulted in any meaningful review of the Commission’s exercise of its discretion, in accordance with the overarching tenets of the precautionary principle and the aim of a high level of health and environmental protection. Upon an in-depth analysis of the recent TestBioTech cases, the article puts forward an argument for different evidentiary rules and a different standard of review in Aarhus Regulation case law, advocating a clearer distinction between ‘standard’ action for annulment and annulment of a decision to reject a request for internal review. This is argued to be the only way forward to breathe some life into the Aarhus Regulation’s provisions, ensuring some scrutiny of the level of protection achieved and nudging the Commission to take the precautionary principle seriously in the genetically modified organism field.

Topic: International Environmental Law and Policies
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences