jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LHD EB-NPA #192942.1

To study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E||B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E||B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively.

Topic: Botanical Studies and Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the compliance of hand hygiene in ICU in a tertiary hospital

Abstract Background Hand hygiene (HH) is one of the main preventive methods for healthcare-associated infections. Our aim is to compare the level of HH compliance in 2021, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, with the previous 2019 period. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study of direct observation on compliance of HH in adult intensive care unit (AICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a third-level hospital in Madrid during the years 2019 and 2021. Trained healthcare workers observed and recorded hand hygiene opportunities (HHO) among staff (nurse, nurses’ aide, physicians and orderly) using the World Health Organization's “My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene” tool. All observations of professional that attended patients in SARS-CoV-2 isolation units were excluded. Results Overall, there was a total of 1199 HHO, 961 in AICU (2019:466; 2021:495) and 238 in NICU (2019:122; 2021:116). HH compliance in AICU improved from 57.5% in 2019 to 65.9% in 2021 (p = 0.008) and remained unchanged in NICU (2019:90.2% vs 2021:88.8%; p = 0.730). In AICU all professional categories, except nurse’s aide, improved HH compliance being statistically significant in physicians (2019:33.8% vs 2021:50.0%; p = 0.009). In relation to the 5 moments, an increase in HH compliance was observed in: before and after touching a patient/after touching patient surroundings, being only statistically significant in moment after touching a patient (2019:69.4% vs 2021:83.7%; p = 0.001). In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH. In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH. Conclusions The increase in compliance of HH within the adult ICUs demonstrates this adaptation, stating a behavioural change in the habits of professionals. This increase was no observed in the NICU since their compliance was already extremely high. Key messages • There has been an increase in HH compliance in the AICU. • The HH method has varied, becoming COVID-19 specific.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
America, the Middle East, and the Gulf: An Arab View of Challenges Facing the Next U.S. Administration

CIRS Briefs are edited transcripts of lectures hosted by CIRS or concise academic articles. They are designed to make contact with a wider readership and extend CIRS activities towards interested members of the public

Topic: Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Highly Dispersed Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as Superior Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition

Abstract Design of highly active and stable catalysts for ammonia decomposition to produce CO x ‐free hydrogen is an urgent task for the utilization of NH 3 as H 2 carrier. Herein, Yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) has been demonstrated to be capable of dispersing and stabilizing Ru nanoparticles as a functional support. Highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles on Y 2 O 3 (Ru/Y 2 O 3 ) was prepared and investigated as catalyst for NH 3 decomposition. Under a relatively high weight gas hourly space velocity (30000 mL g cat −1 h −1 ), the Ru/Y 2 O 3 with Ru content of 5 wt. % can catalyze NH 3 decomposition with excellent catalytic activity and can achieve nearly complete NH 3 conversion at 475 °C, superior to many typical oxides supported Ru catalysts. The Ru/Y 2 O 3 catalyst is also highly stable for NH 3 decomposition, and the activity can be well maintained in a period of 100 hours. Characterization results reveal that the superior catalytic performance of Ru/Y 2 O 3 for NH 3 decomposition reaction may originate from the high dispersion of Ru nanoparticles as well as their strong interaction with Y 2 O 3 support. This work offers opportunity to achieve new kind of active and stable oxide supported Ru catalysts for NH 3 decomposition reaction.

Topic: Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Network Coding Schemes for Differential Chaos Shift Keying Communication System

In this paper we design network coding schemes for Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) modulation. In this work, non-coherent chaos-based communication system is used due to its simplicity and robustness to multipath propagation effects, while dispensing with any channel state information knowledge at the receiver. We propose a relay network using network coding and DCSK, where we first present a Physical layer Network Coding (PNC) scheme with two users, $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$, sharing the same spreading code and bandwidth, while synchronously transmitting their signals to the relay node $\mathcal{R}$. We show that the main drawback of this design in multipath channels is the high level of interference in the resultant signal, which severely degrades the system performance. Hence, in order to address this problem, we propose two coding schemes, which separate the users' signals in the frequency or the time domains. We show also in this paper that the performance of the Analog Network Coding (ANC) with DCSK modulation suffers from the same interference problem as the PNC scheme. We present the analytical bit error rate performance for multipath Rayleigh fading channel for the different scenarios and we analyse these schemes in terms of complexity, throughput and link spectral efficiency.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A study of consumer attitudes and behavioural intentions concerning restaurant sustainability in Scotland.

ABSTRACT Purpose-Thisstudy aimsto investigate consumersresiding in Scotland, to ascertain theirattitudes and perceptions towards restaurant sustainability and measure how it affects their behaviour with regardto restaurant attendance and spending. Design/methodology-A quantitative method approach was taken to conduct this study. Online questionnaires were used as a data collection tool, which were successful in gathering consumer demographical data, measuring their knowledge of sustainability and awareness of sustainable restaurants, attitudes toward sustainability implementation within restaurants, most important sustainable restaurant attributes and intentions to return and spend more to dine at sustainable restaurants. Findings-Findingsof the study show that Scottish consumers support sustainability and believe its implementation inrestaurants is important; however participants are not aware of sustainable restaurants in their local area.The findings also show that sustainability attributes do not significantly influence consumer restaurant choice and it can be assumed that consumers expect sustainable practices to be implemented as standard restaurant attributes. The study also found that sustainability positively affects consumer behavioral intentions as participants are morelikely to revisit a sustainable restaurant (over a non-sustainable restaurant) andarewilling to pay slightly more to dine at one. Some variables of participant demographicsare foundto be significant with regard to consumer knowledge, perception of sustainability and consumer revisit intention, but otherwise insignificant. Furthermore, knowledge of sustainability seemsto be importantregarding participant behavioral intentions Research Limitations-Insufficient results were gathered to represent older participants of the studywhich suggests that this needs to be investigated further. Further researchusing qualitativeresearch methods is also required to explain certain attitudes and behaviours of consumers regarding restaurant sustainability. Lastly, this study measuresconsumer behavioural intentions rather than the actual behaviour. While it can be assumed that consumerswill behave according to their stated intentions, the research cannot confirm this would be followed throughin practice.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Harvey Cushing’s international visitors

Harvey Cushing is considered the father of neurosurgery, not just for his work within the United States, but also for his global influence through international visitors and trainees. Starting in 1920, the neurosurgical clinic at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, led by Cushing, trained surgeons from all over the globe, many of whom returned home to establish neurosurgical departments and become neurosurgical pioneers themselves. The objective of this vignette is to highlight the importance of Cushing’s international trainees, describe their contributions, and discuss how each had an impact on the development of the practice of neurosurgery worldwide. The authors demonstrate how Cushing provided the impetus for a movement that revolutionized neurology and neurosurgery worldwide. Even today, international cooperation continues to shape the success of our delicate specialty.

Topic: History of Medical Practice
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Diagnostic accuracy, indications, and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA procedure: retrospective observational study from a referral cancer institute

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is minimally invasive procedure for the evaluation of mediastinal mass and lymph nodes. Aim: This study was conducted as an internal audit to determine diagnostic accuracy, false-negative rate of a costly, invasive procedure EBUS-TBNA performed under conscious sedation or deep/general anesthesia. Methods: Forty-nine patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA procedure at our institute were included in this retrospective study. Sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, and negative predictive values were calculated considering clinical radiological assessment till 6 months as gold standard. Results: Forty-nine patients (27 females and 22 males) with mean age of 47.88 years underwent EBUS-TBNA during a period of 8 months. The most common indication was extrathoracic malignancy metastasis in 26 (53.1%) patients. EBUS-TBNA was performed for diagnosing malignancy lung in 11 patients, granulomatous disease in 8 patients, and mediastinal mass in 4 patients. A total of 74 nodes were sampled in 49 patients. Adequate samples were obtained in 46 patients (93.9%). Diagnostic accuracy was overall 91.8%. There were no procedure-related complications or mortality noted in any patient. Out of 17 negative cases, false negatives were 4, and negative-predictive value was 76.5%. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value were higher in procedures performed under deep sedation/general anesthesia. Conclusion: Diagnosing extrathoracic malignancy metastasis and malignancy lung are major indications for the EBUS-TBNA procedure at our institute. The diagnostic accuracy overall was 91.8%. The negative-predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, and sensitivity were higher for procedures performed under deep sedation/general anesthesia versus conscious sedation.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A design of a four square coil system for a biomagnetic experiment

In this paper, a square coil system similar to the Merritt four coil system is investigated. This system is used for a biomagnetic experiment at the laboratory at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad. For the experiment, it is necessary that the magnetic field inside the coils be uniform. Therefore, distribution of the magnetic flux density inside the coil system is considered. For this system, magnetic flux density produced by sinusoidal current through the coils is calculated and then uniformity of the magnetic field inside the coils is investigated. Calculated magnetic flux density is compared to the measured magnetic flux density obtained experimentally at the laboratory. .

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of clinical and biochemical parameters in calves of the dairy period when introducing a feed additive into the diet

This article examines the clinical health indicators of dairy calves, as well as data on laboratory tests of blood and urine, before and after conducting a scientific experiment on adding selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles to their diet in the form of a feed additive. It was established that the hematological parameters of calves throughout the experiment did not go beyond the reference values for this type of animal. In the course of studying the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of calves, it was established that they, as well as the parameters of the clinical blood test, did not go beyond the physiological values for these animals throughout the experiment. At the same time, some differences were identified between groups of animals. Thus, a decrease in the activity of the alanine aminotransferase enzyme in calves of the first experimental group relative to control animals was reliably established. At the same time, a significant increase in the concentration of magnesium in the blood serum of experimental animals relative to control animals was established.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Impact of Human Capital on Labour Market: Lithuanian Case

The labour market analysis with parallel determinants of the investment in human capital, specify the necessity to incorporate both internal and external labour markets (internal and external factors) and its mutual interaction. Internal labour market reflects the particular company's or organization's labour supply, demand for employees, the search strategy, approach to an employee. In its internal labour market company specifies employee's assignment for specific duties and responsibilities (micro level). Conditions of employment depends on the company's ongoing strategy, i.e. whether the company invests in its employees' human capital, their qualifications, training, establishment of career development opportunities, and efforts to reduce employee turnover, etc. Internal labour market contributes to the objective of maintaining staff: the employee will not look for another job if feels safe and valuable for an enterprise. Labour market and human capital are interrelated very closely. Wages depends on investment in human capital. Human capital consist of knowledge, skills and other characteristics (congenital and acquired), which depends on the individual and is determined by its productivity. The recognition that human capital is determined by an individual's ability to meet the labour market conditions, stands for thinking that years spent for studying, attending courses, training and others are appropriate investment for future – for the development of human capital.

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Associations Between Lifestyle and Depressed Mood: Longitudinal Results From the Maastricht Aging Study

Objectives. We examined whether healthy lifestyles are associated with absence of depressed mood. Methods. A sample of 1169 adult participants in the Maastricht Aging Study provided baseline and 6-year follow-up data on smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise, body mass index, and mood. We examined associations between lifestyles and depressed mood using longitudinal analyses controlling for baseline depressive symptoms and covariates. Results. Reports of excessive alcohol use at baseline predicted depressed mood at follow-up (relative risk [RR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 5.69), and reports of more than 30 minutes of physical exercise per day at baseline were associated with an absence of depressed mood at follow-up (RR=0.52; 95% CI=0.29, 0.92). Reports of being engaged in physical exercise throughout the 6-year follow-up period were also associated with absence of depressed mood (RR=0.56; 95% CI=0.34, 0.93). Conclusions. In this relatively healthy population sample, certain lifestyles either predicted or protected against depressed mood. Adopting or maintaining healthy lifestyles might be a starting point in preventing or treating depressed mood over time.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Ureas in the Organic Synthesis. Part 5. Reactions of Aromatic Ketones and 1,2‐Diketones with Ureas in Formic Acid.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Short-term Exercise Effects on the Arterial Stiffness of Overweight Postmenopausal Women

Exercise has been shown to reduce the arterial stiffness of premenopausal women. The effect of 8 weeks of interval sprinting exercise (ISE) on the arterial stiffness of overweight postmenopausal women, however, has not been determined. PURPOSE: Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the arterial stiffness of overweight sedentary postmenopausal women following 8 weeks of ISE. METHODS: Overweight postmenopausal females (N=20), aged 53±1.1 years, with a BMI of 28.8±0.9 kg·m2, and body mass of 76.4±3.1 kg underwent assessment of arterial stiffness using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor). Augmentation index (AIx), a measure of reflection wave, and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) were assessed at pre and post 8 weeks of ISE. Maximal oxygen uptake was also assessed using a metabolic cart. Postmenopausal women were randomly assigned into either ISE (n=10) or control (n=10) groups. The ISE group was required to exercise on a cycle ergometer for 20 minutes per session (8 s sprint, 12 s recovery), three times per week for 8 weeks, whereas controls performed no structured exercise for 8 weeks. The control group was also asked to maintain their normal daily activity. Both groups’ dietary intake was monitored through food diaries. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PWVcf between groups at post intervention, however, the exercise group significantly reduced their AIx by 2.9%, whereas controls increased their AIx by 4.5%, p<0.05. Aerobic power was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the exercise group by 21% whereas no change occurred in the control group. CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of ISE significantly reduced arterial stiffness and improved aerobic power of sedentary, overweight postmenopausal women.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Perplexed by Turkey (Review article)

US-Turkish relations appeared in fair shape at the beginning of 2003. True, there had been hard bargaining over the terms of Turkey's participation in America's campaign to dislodge Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq, but the US alliance was generally regarded as the lynchpin of Turkish foreign policy. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), had gone to Washington immediately after his election victory in November 2002 in order to enlist US support for his country's bid to obtain from the European Union an immediate date for the commencement of membership negotiations. The roots of AKP in political Islam did not seem to bother the US administration, which, on the contrary, hoped that the emergence of a moderate Islamic government in Turkey would encourage democrats in other Muslim countries. Although Erdogan was the leader of the ruling party, but not yet of the government, as he had been prevented from standing for parliament on account of a conviction for incitement to religious hatred, he was received by President George Bush, who came to the conclusion that Turkey would co-operate in his designs for the Middle East. For his part, Bush urged Brussels once again to deal sympathetically with Turkey's bid for EU membership. The fact that the EU nevertheless disappointed Turkey, and was in turn disappointed when Ankara failed to deliver agreement on a plan, concocted jointly by the UN secretariat and the EU, for the settlement of the Cyprus dispute appeared to force Turkey deeper than ever into the embrace of its powerful American friend. At first, the new Turkish government seemed to confirm this impression. On 6 February 2003 the Turkish parliament allowed the US military to upgrade air bases and harbours in Turkey for a possible attack from Turkish soil against the regime of Saddam Hussein. A resolution to this effect had been presented by the government headed by Abdullah Gill, deputy leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). AKP could deploy a maximum of 364 votes in the 550-seat parliament. However it was not clear how many would support the government resolution, since the party executive had allowed its members a free vote. In the event the resolution was passed by 308 votes to 193 with nine abstentions. President Bush

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An additional case of 9p syndrome.

A new case of 9p- syndrome is presented in a 18 months old girl with typical clinical features of the syndrome: marked delay in psychomotor development, muscle hypotonia, trigonocephaly, up-slanting palpebral fissures, short nose with anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, low-set and hypoplastic auricles and others. Using G- and R- banding, the break point was found on the typical place of the chromosome 9-p22 band. The presented case confirms the earlier finding that clinical recognition of the syndrome is of great importance, since small deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 can be easily overlooked.

Topic: Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences