jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Redescription of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus globulicola Romaniko, 1960 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) from the Ural Federal District of Russia

A redescription of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus globulicola, is given in this paper. It was originally described as a pest for legume crops in the Ural district, Russia, but was later considered by several taxonomists as a synonym of P. penetrans. In 2010 and 2011, new nematode material was obtained in the type locality from the type and other hosts and the extracted females and males were morphologically identified as P. globulicola. Neotype and neoparatypes are designated for this species. The species has four lip annuli, or four at one side and three at another side of the offset anteriorly flattened cephalic region, strongly sclerotised cephalic framework and strong stylet 14-15 µm long with anteriorly flattened basal knobs, DGO = 2.5-3.5 µm, pharyngeal glands lobe = 41 (29-54) µm, four equidistant, not areolated lateral field incisures, single genital tract and post-uterine sac (PUS) located to the right side from intestine, spermatheca spherical to oval, averaged 14 × 13 µm, filled with spherical to oval nucleic sperm of 3 µm in diam., distance from spermatheca to vagina = 41.9 (19-60) µm, vulva = 78 (72-82)%, PUS with three to four distal cellular elements, right to intestine, 24.4 (17-33) µm long or 1.2 (0.8-1.5) times of the vulval body diameter or 36 (23-49)% of vulva-anus distance, tail subcylindrical, bearing 11 (10-14) annuli on ventral side. Phasmids located slightly posterior to mid-tail. Tail tip smooth, flat in lateral view or rarely sub-hemispherical in ventral or dorsal orientation. The comparisons of ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences of P. globulicola revealed that those sequences are highly identical to corresponding gene sequences of P. vovlasi syn. n. Pratylenchus vovlasi syn. n. was proposed here as a junior synonym of P. globulicola based on analysis of morphological and molecular datasets. The rRNA gene sequences of P. globulicola clustered with the sequences of P. pratensis and P. pseudopratensis, forming the Pratensis clade.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A study of mixed legal systems: endangered, entrenched, or blended, edited by S. Farran, E. Örücü, and S.P. Donlan, Farnham and Burlington, Ashgate (Juris Diversitas Series)

This edited volume offers a number of detailed and fascinating case studies of mixed legal systems (i.e., mixed systems of common law and civil law) from across the globe: Cyprus, Guyana, Jersey, Mauritius, the Philippines, Quebec, Saint Lucia, Scotland, and Seychelles. It explores the question of the extent to which the elements of these mixed systems may be seen to be “entrenched”, “endangered”, or “blended.” The studies include colourful histories of the jurisdictions, of their complex relationships to parent legal systems, and of language, legal education, and legal actors. They explore how legal change happens, question whether some systems are at greater risk than others, and detail various strategies aimed at accelerating or counteracting change.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards improved Validation of Autonomous Systems for Smart Farming

ENABLE-S3 is a use-case driven European research project focusing on the implementation and validation of autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) in different application domains. This work describes the efforts done so far in the development of infrastructure and tools to make improved validation concepts in agriculture, being part of one of the thirteen use cases included in the project. Aspects related to communication, autonomous vehicles, hyperspectral images, image processing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and simulation environments are described. The combination and interaction of these key technologies give rise to social, economic and environmental implications with enormous benefits, increasing the quality of the crops and reducing efforts during their growth and harvesting.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on the antioxidants. XV. Combination effects of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and their analogs on hydrogen donation to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.

Combination effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and their analogs on hydrogen donation to 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were investigated. A synergistic effect was observed when 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives were combined with 4-methoxyphenol derivatives such as BHA and 4-methoxyphenol. This effect might arise from the regeneration of 4-methoxyphenol derivatives from possible intermediates formed from DPPH and these phenols, with enhanced loss of the 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives. The formation of the cross coupling compound from a pair in combination might decrease the regeneration of the phenols and thus influence the synergistic effect.

Topic: Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Translation and Publication of the Book, “One Health: People, Animals, and the Environment”

The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), which emerged as pneumonia from an unknown agent for the first time at the end of 2019, has dramatically transformed our world into one that is highly unrecognizable today. Newly emerging infectious diseases have been occurring more frequently than ever. Opportunities of such deadly microorganisms to adapt to humans—as well as spread between people on a massive scale—are growing because of active human mobility. We have translated and published the book, “One Health: People, Animals, and the Environment.” The original book, published in 2014 by ASM Press, shows the concept and applications of One Health. The current book comprises five parts: definition and importance of One Health, zoonotic and environmental drivers of emerging infectious diseases, One Health and antibiotic resistance, disease surveillance, and realizing the One Health Initiative’s objectives. This translation and publication was the first science book publishing project performed under the name of the Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology. We are actively working toward providing academic information and advancing our identity in other scientific fields as well as to the public.

Topic: Zoonotic diseases and public health
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein-sparing effect with high energy levels and obtaining the optimum digestible energy/ digestible protein ratio in growth diets to Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

The sparing effect of the dietary protein using diets with high energy levels was evaluated. A factorial design was used to examine the interaction of two levels of protein (30 and 35%) and two levels of digestible energy (3.3 and 3.7 kcal/g) on the weight gain (WG), food conversion FC), retained protein (PR), retained energy (ER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in “sex reversal Nile tilapia” (Oreochromis niloticus). Diets contained anchovy and soybean meal as protein sources and yellow corn and wheat bran as energy sources. The fish oil was used to adjust the energy levels. There were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between the experimental diets. In diets with 30% proteins, the increase of digestible energy significantly enhances WG, FC, PR, ER and PER, where the level of 3.7 kcal/g had the best performance. With 35% protein, the increase of digestible energy had not significant influence on the GP, CA, PR, ER and PER, however the growth of sex reversal Nile Tilapia was improved with the level of 3.3 kcal/g. When were compared both diets, were not find significant differences. Considering the protein cost, it can be concluded that best response was obtained with a diet containing 30 % of protein and 3.7 kcal/g of digestible energy and optimum digestible energy/ digestible protein ratio of 13.75 kcal/g protein.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Flow over a Cavity – Evolution of the Vortex Skeleton

We consider a numerical simulation of a weakly compressible 2D flow over a cavity at Ma=0.38 (courtesy: M. Samimy). The flow over the cavity (yellow) is from left to right, the time is represented by the third dimension. Focus is placed on the temporal evolution of the vortices. These vortices (blue vortex cores) are identified as minima of the acceleration magnitude following the feature-extraction concept of finite-time topology (Kasten et al., 2011, in Pascucci et al., Springer). The spiraling curves represent fluid particle paths in the vortical regions. The volumetric smoke-like regions indicate a range of large acceleration magnitudes. The vortices originate at the leading edge and move through the cavity over the trailing edge. The halo of each vortex consists of spiraling particles with large acceleration values. t y

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An orbital platform rotary balance system for the IAR water tunnel

A rotary balance apparatus based on the orbital platform concept has been developed for use in the IAR Water Tunnel. The new testing capability was introduced to generate a supplementary rotary data base for the F/A-18 aircraft required in a simulator fidelity enhancement study. The F/A-18 model was tested in steady coning motion at angles of attack from 0 deg to 90 deg and non-dimensional rotation rates from 0 to /spl plusmn/0.3. The paper focuses on the new rotary balance testing methodology. Samples of the results are presented to illustrate the uniqueness of the new rotary data base. Agreement with existing wind tunnel data is generally good. Support interference effects in the conventional rotary apparatus were found to be small for this aircraft configuration.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands

Pneumocystis jiroveci infections can cause pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) or lead to colonization without signs of PCP. Over the years, different genotypes of P. jiroveci have been discovered. Genomic typing of P. jiroveci in different subpopulations can contribute to unravelling the pathogenesis, transmission and spread of the different genotypes. In this study, we wanted to determine the distribution of P. jiroveci genotypes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands and determine the clinical relevance of these detected mutations. A real-time PCR targeting the major surface glycoprotein gene (MSG) was used as a screening test for the presence of P. jiroveci DNA. Samples positive for MSG were genotyped based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes. Of the 595 included bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, 116 revealed the presence of P. jiroveci DNA. A total of 52 of the 116 samples were ITS genotyped and 58 DHPS genotyped. The ITS genotyping revealed 17 ITS types, including two types that have not been described previously. There was no correlation between ITS genotype and underlying disease. All ITS- and DHPS-genotyped samples were found in immunocompromised patients. Of the 58 DHPS-genotyped samples, 50 were found to be WT. The other eight samples revealed a mixed genotype consisting of WT and type 1. The majority of the latter recovered on trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole suggesting no clinical relevance for this mutation.

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A gamma‐thionin protein from apple, MdD1, is required for defence against <i>S</i>‐RNase‐induced inhibition of pollen tube prior to self/non‐self recognition

Summary Apple exhibits S ‐ RN ase‐mediated self‐incompatibility. Although the cytotoxic effect of S ‐ RN ase inside the self‐pollen tube has been studied extensively, the underlying defence mechanism in pollen tube in Rosaceae remains unclear. On exposure to stylar S ‐ RN ase, plant defence responses are activated in the pollen tube; however, how these are regulated is currently poorly understood. Here, we show that entry of both self and non‐self S ‐ RN ase into pollen tubes of apple ( Malus domestica ) stimulates jasmonic acid ( JA ) production, in turn inducing the accumulation of Md MYC 2 transcripts, a transcription factor in the JA signalling pathway widely considered to be involved in plant defence processes. Md MYC 2 acts as a positive regulator in the pollen tube activating expression of MdD1 , a gene encoding a defence protein. Importantly, MdD1 was shown to bind to the RN ase activity sites of S ‐ RN ase leading to inhibition of enzymatic activity. This work provides intriguing insights into an ancient defence mechanism present in apple pollen tubes where MdD1 likely acts as a primary line of defence to inhibit S ‐ RN ase cytotoxicity prior to self/non‐self recognition.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Notch2 suppression mimicking changes in human pulmonary hypertension modulates Notch1 and promotes endothelial cell proliferation

This study demonstrates a previously unidentified role for Notch2 in the maintenance of lung vascular endothelial cell quiescence and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). A key novel finding is that Notch2 suppression activates Notch1 via Rb-E2F1-mediated signaling and induces proliferation and apoptosis resistance in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Notably, PAH patients show reduced levels of endothelial Notch2 in their pulmonary arteries, supporting Notch2 as a fundamental driver of PAH pathogenesis.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Status of serotonin metabolism in the central nervous system in purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis].

The authors studied the concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in both blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with suppurative meningitides and meningoencephalitides of varying severity. The data obtained point to the intensification of serotonin metabolism in the central nervous system at the height of the disease development which may lead to alterations in the functional activity of serotoninergic neurones.

Topic: Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
An Elusive Identity

When news of Lawrence's death reached England in 1930 it was hard for his contemporaries to judge the extent of their loss—or even to know what name he might be remembered by. To anyone who, like Helen Corke, had known him as a teacher and friend, and who learned to respect his intelligence, he had always been 'David'. To those who came across him casually in everyday life in his home village, he was 'Bert'—or in later years (retrospectively, and with a touch of patronage)—'poor old Bert'. His wife, for whom he always had a touch of Italian glamour, would call him 'Lorenzo'. The range of names did justice to the elusiveness often experienced by anyone who tried to tie him down to a firm identity. For the literary world, meanwhile, he would continue to be simply 'Lawrence'; he himself would avoid even that labelling (and for that matter any ambiguity) by simply combining his surname with his initials.

Topic: Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Thiosemicarbazone-Bearing Heterocyclic Metal Complexes

Thiosemicarbazones (TSCNs) constitute a broad family of compounds (R 1 R 2 C=N-NH-C(S)- NR 3 R 4 ), particularly attractive because many of them display some biological activity against a wide range of microorganisms and cancer cells. Their activity can be related to their electronic and structural properties, which offer a rich set of donor atoms for metal coordination and a high electronic delocalization providing different binding modes for biomolecules. Heterocycles such as pyrrole, imidazole and triazole are present in biological molecules such as Vitamine B12 and amino acids and could potentially target multiple biological processes. Considering this, we have explored the chemistry and biological properties of thiosemicarbazones series and their complexes bearing heterocycles such as pyrrole, imidazole, thiazole and triazole. We focus at the chemistry and cytotoxicity of those derivatives to find out the structure activity relationships, and particularly we analyzed those examples with the TSCN units in which the mechanism of action information has been profoundly studied and pathways determined, to promote future studies for heterocycle derivatives.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Outcomes and factors impacting use of axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: results from an intention-to-treat analysis

Data on real-world outcomes of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) are limited. In this intent to treat (ITT) analysis, we reviewed records of 38 consecutive patients with R/R LBCL for whom axi-cel was intended. Twenty-seven (71%) patients received axi-cel and 11 (29%) did not. Patients in the non-axi-cel group had a higher hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) (median 4 vs. 2, <i>p</i> = .04). Median overall survival for the ITT, axi-cel and non-axi-cel group was 10 (95% CI, 3.7 to 13), 13 (95% CI, 7.7 to N.R.) and 1 (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.7) month(s) respectively. Factors limiting axi-cel use were disease progression, sepsis, manufacturing failure and socioeconomic barrier in 6 (55%), 3 (27%), 1 (9%) and 1 (9%) patient(s) respectively. Additional strategies are needed to ensure all LBCL patients for whom chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is prescribed can receive this treatment.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multilobulated popliteal cyst after a failed total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Popliteal cyst is a rare finding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but when present, it might indicate a malfunction of the TKA related to generation of wear‐particles, or loosening. We present a case of a multilobulated popliteal cyst developing in a patient 8 years after primary TKA. The cyst was associated with a mechanical prosthetic loosening. The primary complaint of the patient was pain in the posterior region of the knee. A two‐stage procedure consisting of cyst excision at first, followed after 5 months by a revision TKA was performed. Intraoperatively, a darkish, multilobulated cyst with a well‐defined thick wall filled with fluid containing polyethylene debris, communicating with the knee joint was found. After 3 years of follow‐up, the patient was satisfied and walked without the support of a cane. The patient presented a satisfactory knee range of motion. Clinical, radiological and ultrasound investigations ruled out popliteal cyst recurrence. A dissecting popliteal cyst associated with a failed TKA should be excised because it contains polyethylene debris that constitutes an induced factor for prosthetic loosening. A two‐stage procedure with quite a long time in‐between, as presented in this paper, can be a useful alternative to manage such a problem, in particular in very old patients associated with other medical problems.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Teaching Data Analytics Using Natural Law as Integrative Framework

Teaching and learning the multidisciplinary field of data analytics requires comfort with multiple domains of knowledge, each with its own assumptions, concepts, and skills. Ideally, such teaching will use an overarching framework that transcends and includes all the reference fields. Natural law provides such an all-encompassing framework for a stress-free and sustainable path to continuous learning. Teaching from natural law helps enhance the student's capacity for comprehension and integration of diverse knowledge and skills. This chapter presents seven key natural law principles, along with examples of their applications in teaching data analytics. It also presents V-theory of transcendence as way to connect with natural law within one's own consciousness.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Power matters: Automatic Gain Control for a Software Defined Radio IEEE 802.11a/g/p receiver

Software Defined Radios (SDRs) have become a fundamental building block for research on wireless networks. Yet, using this platform for experiments in the field is hindered by many practical difficulties, an important one being the need for Automatic Gain Control (AGC). We demonstrate a way of implementing an AGC algorithm directly in the FPGA where we are able to meet tough timing constraints. This allows using SDRs not just for lab experiments but also for measurement campaigns or deployments in the field.With extending our GNURadio-based Open Source stack for IEEE 802.11a/g/p WLAN with AGC, we provide an SDR platform that can be integrated into existing WiFi networks just as well as into future vehicular networks.

Topic: Wireless Networks and Protocols
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preparing Hot-Dip Galvanized Coating Surfaces for Painting

Abstract Duplex systems, also known as painting over hot dip galvanized steel, are extremely effective corrosion protection systems. However, careful surface preparation techniques need to be used to alleviate potential coating failures. The age and characteristics of the galvanized coating should be used to determine what type of surface preparation is needed. Surface preparation should develop an anchor profile for the paint without removing the zinc coating.

Topic: Material Properties and Applications
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Technology gap, competition and spillovers from direct foreign investment: Evidence from establishment data

Direct foreign investment (DFI) has been argued to be an important channel for international technology diffusion. This has led to extensive liberalisation of DFI regimes in many developing countries, including in Indonesia. Using detailed micro-data from the Indonesian manufacturing sector; we examine the effect on productivity from DFI. The results show DFI to benefit locally-owned establishments, but the effect differs between groups of industries. Spillovers from DFI are found in sectors with a high degree of competition. Moreover it seems that the larger the technology gap between domestic and foreign establishments, the larger the spillovers.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences