jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric science undergoing change

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTStratospheric science undergoing changeSophisticated atmospheric measurements and reaction kinetics studies and better modeling are strengthening stratospheric chemistryRUDY M. BAUMView Author Information C&EN, San FranciscoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1982, 60, 37, 21–34Publication Date (Print):September 13, 1982Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 13 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v060n037.p021https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v060n037.p021newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1982 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Electron correlation,Ozone depletion,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Environmental factors influencing the distribution and prevalence of<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>in school attenders of ILembe and uThungulu Health Districts, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Schistosoma haematobium infection is reported to facilitate the development of urogenital diseases. Its symptoms include haematuria, dysuria and tiredness, and it may cause cognitive decline in children. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection needs to be known in endemic areas and a mass treatment programme against the disease implemented. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection in ILembe and uThungulu health districts, using the major symptom, haematuria, as an indicator. A total of 6 265 urine samples, from 96 rural schools, was collected for analysis using dipsticks. The prevalence of haematuria in the ILembe health district was 37% (95% CI, 35–39%) for boys and 39% (95% CI, 37–41%) for girls. The prevalence of haematuria in the uThungulu health district was 56% (95% CI, 53– 59%) and 53% (95% CI, 50–56%) for girls and boys, respectively. Light-intensity infection was the most common infection level in both health districts. A negative relationship was observed between prevalence and altitude (r = −0.262, p = 0.009); whereas, we found a slight, though significant, positive association with mid-summer temperatures (r = 0.234, p = 0.021). Associations between prevalence and distance of school to the nearest river were non-significant.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Far Away, So Close: Parliament and Citizens in France

The connection between Members of Parliament and citizens in France faces major cultural, institutional, and sociological challenges. Culturally, the legacy of both Rousseau’s theory of the general will and the Jacobins’ view on the unity of the nation’s territory and representative body show a consistent set of thoughts and claims emphasising the independence of the legislative branch from any other estate – including groups of citizens. MPs are called to present themselves as elected by the French nation, and not by voters of a given consti- tuency: they are not supposed to advocate for local interests or refer systemati- cally to their own constituency.

Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Control of sowing seeds of row crops with electrified seeders

The research was conducted to determine the qualitative and energy performance indicators of a precision seeder with electric drives for working tools, equipped with a seed distribution control system that allows remote control of the seeding unit. The experiments used seeders MC-8 with drive through a gearbox from a 180W DC motor FL57BLS04 and seeders ТС-М-4150А with a seed distribution apparatus produced by «MaterMass» and driven through a gearbox and chain drives from a 220W brushless motor FL86BLS. The pulse power supply SDR-960-48 was used to power the seed distribution apparatus motors. The quality of operation of the seed distribution apparatus when using seeds of various row crops was determined by the method of recording the time intervals between seed ejections from the distribution disk using a seed sensor installed in the furrow opener. When changing the rotation speed of the seeder's distribution disk from 20 to 60 rpm, the coe cient of variation of seed ejections varied from 0.15 to 0.35, and the power consumption ranged from 30 to 110W. The power consumption for the fan drive did not exceed 2.5 kW, and the total power consumption of the electric motors for driving all the seed distribution apparatuses and the fan was 4.0 kW. For the ТС-М-4150А seeder, the power consumption for driving the seed distribution apparatuses is slightly higher and amounts to at least 3.0 kW in operating modes. A control and management system for seeding with a domestic electri ed seeder based on the Arduino Uno board was proposed. Its program includes two subprograms that take into account the speed of movement of the seeding unit, based on which the rotation speed of the distribution disk and the number of skips and duplicates are determined. The use of electri ed drives and seed distribution control systems in precision seeders allows for stepless adjustment of the seed sowing rate and control of the sowing process from the tractor cabin.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Patient Transfer on Outcomes after Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAAs) benefit from treatment in high-volume facilities. This study explored the effect of patient transfer on outcomes and the relationship between hemodynamic status and mortality. We performed a retrospective review of 83 consecutive patients who had open repair for RAAA at a single tertiary facility. The patients were divided into two groups based on arrival in the local emergency department, “local” ( n = 44) versus “transfer” ( n = 39) from an outside institution, and into three categories of hemodynamic status: (a) no obtainable blood pressure, “pulseless”; (b) requiring vasopressor support, “pressors”; and (c) no vasopressor support, “no pressors.” Thirty-day mortality was 21.4%. There was no difference in mortality between the local (18.2%) and transfer (25.6%) patients ( p = .41). There were no deaths during transfer. There was no difference in the hemodynamic status of the transfer versus the local group ( p = .34). The mortality by category was pulseless, 100% (3 of 3); pressors, 71.4% (10 of 14); and no pressors, 7.6% (5 of 66) ( p &lt; .0001). Actuarial survival was 66%, 64%, and 62% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Patient transfer does not adversely affect mortality after RAAA repair. Patients without a palpable pulse and those requiring hemodynamic support have a significantly higher mortality.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of the health insurance coverage extension on the use of outpatient services among small children in rural China.

A new public health insurance scheme has been gradually introduced in rural provinces in China since 2003. This would likely cause an increment in the use of health services. It is known that the association between health insurance coverage and health service utilization varies among different age groups. This study aims to examine the association between extending health insurance coverage and increment in outpatient service utilization of small children in rural China, and to identify other factors associated with the outpatient service utilization. A household survey was conducted in 2 counties in north China in August 2010, targeting 107 selected households with a child aged 12-59 months. The questionnaire included modules on demographic information such as ages of children and parents, enrollment status of health insurance, the number of episodes of illness as perceived by parents, month of incidence of episode and outpatient service utilization at each episode. Based on the utilization at each episode of illness, a random effects logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association. It was found that eligibility for the reimbursement of outpatient medical expenses was not significantly associated with decision to seek care or choice of health facility. This might be in part due to the low level of reimbursement which could discourage the use of insured, and to the close relationship with village clinic workers which would encourage the use of uninsured. Three other factors were significantly associated with increment in the outpatient service utilization; age of children, mother's education, and number of children in a household.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
"Mi no whiteman, I mean" : language ideologies and attitudes toward English and Pijin among Solomon students, between social mobility and national consciousness

This thesis explores the attitudes of university students toward Pijin, a Melanesian Creole that is the de facto national language, and English, the official language of the country, in Honiara, the capital city of Solomon Islands. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2007 on the Solomon Island Campus of the University of the South Pacific (USP), it draws on the concepts of language ideologies and creolization to show that students' linguistic attitudes and behaviours are informed by different ideological influences, which coexist, compete and combine in complex ways. The research argues that, in a post-colonial context where national consciousness is growing, the residual but pervasive effect of the colonial ideology which disparages Pijin as "broken English" is in fact detrimental to the practice of English, a language of high instrumental value for social mobility in Solomon Islands. The tensions that students experience in classrooms with regard to their language practices reveal larger contradictions, related to current processes of nation building and class differentiation, in which Solomon students, as the future elite of a young nation-state, are enmeshed.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Intangibles of Implementation

The “successful” implementation of Operations Research/ Management Science has two sides, an objective and a subjective side. Often the literature does not deal with the subjective or intangible components of implementation because they tend to be nonquantifiable and difficult to describe in a “cookbook” fashion. This paper identifies six intangibles of MS implementation with examples from the author's experience.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF FARMS

The purpose of this article is to focus on the financial sustainability of the farms in Uzbekistan by using and managing the financial resources effectively. Today, the agricultural and livestock farms in Uzbekistan are not only producing agricultural products but also storing, processing and packaging agricultural and livestock products as well as supplying and meeting the needs of consumers in the rural areas. It is important to note that providing services also contributes to the economic stability of the country. One of the challenges facing the current situation of agricultural and livestock farms is to create an optimal quantity of current assets

Topic: Agriculture Market Analysis Ukraine
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Microbiome Fingerprint as Biomarker for Geographical Origin and Heredity in Crocus sativus: A Feasibility Study

Host–microbiome interactions are specific and not random, making them defining entities for the host. The hypothesis proposed by various researchers earlier, that both plants and animals harbor specific inheritable core microbiome, is being augmented in the present study. Additionally, a case for using microbial fingerprint as a biomarker, not only for plant identification but also as a geographical indicator, has been investigated, taking Crocus sativus , saffron, as a study material. Crocus sativus , a monogenetic herb, on account of its male sterility and vegetative propagation, is reported to lack genome based molecular markers. Cormosphere microbiome (microbiome associated with corm) has been compared across three geographical locations, in two continents, to identify the core and unique microbiome, during the vegetative phase of its growth. Microbiome analysis done at phylum and genus level, using next generation sequencing technology, revealed that cormosphere at three locations harbored common phyla. At genus level, 24 genera were found common to all three geographical locations, indicating them to be part of the core microbiome of saffron. However, there were some bacterial genera unique to Kashmir, Kishtwar, and Morocco that can be used to develop microbial markers/geographical indicators for saffron grown in these regions. This is a preliminary study, indicating that the location specific bacterial community can be used to develop microbial barcodes but needs further augmentation with high coverage data from other saffron growing geographical regions.

Topic: Saffron Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measurement of the Effective Neutron Capture Cross Section of Cesium-134 by Triple Neutron Capture Reaction Method.

The measurement of effective neutron capture cross section() of 134Cs was carried out with a method using a triple neutron capture reaction,133Cs(n, γ)134Cs(n,γ)135Cs(n, γ)136Cs. The target used for the experiment was natural cesium(133Cs), and was irradiated for 23 days and 17 hours in the reactor JRR-3 at Japan Atomic Energy Research fnstitute(JAERI). The neutron field of the reactor was monitored by Au/Al and Co/Al alloy wires. A high purity Ge detector was employed for the measurement of γ-rays from the irradiated target and monitor wires. Gamma-rays emitted in the decay of 134Cs and 136Cs nuclides induced by single and triple neutron capture reactions of 133Cs were seen at the energies of 563, 569. 605, 796, 802, 819, 1,039, 1,048, 1,168 and 1,235 keV. Decays of the 819 and the 1,048 keV γ-ray intensities were followed; it was confirmed that these γ-rays originated in the 136Ba, the decay product of 136Cs. Data obtained were analyzed with values of neutron capture cross sections of 133Cs and 135Cs. The of 134Cs obtained is 140.6±8.5 barns and agrees with the value measured by Bayly et al.with a mass analysis method within the limits of error.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
HELENA: a new software for the design of MMICs

HELENA, a new software for device optimization and circuit design, is presented. This software provides for any kind of HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) the DC, AC, and noise properties in the centimeter and millimeter wave range. It is very fast, easy to use, and needs only a personal computer. This quasi-2-D modeling approach takes into account many physical phenomena that occur in submicrometer-gate FETs. A complete analysis of a device was carried out, and results are in a good agreement with measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Data from Cholesterol Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Prostate Cancer Cells by Suppressing Degradation of EGFR through APMAP

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures including Figure S1-S6. Title page includes the description of each figures .&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In vivo studies of cysteine metabolism. Use of D-cysteinesulfinate, a novel cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase inhibitor, to probe taurine and pyruvate synthesis.

Although several pathways contribute to the catabolism of L-cysteine, the products formed are few--taurine + CO2 and pyruvate + ammonia + sulfate. L-Cysteinesulfinate is a key intermediate that is either decarboxylated to ultimately yield taurine or transaminated to yield pyruvate. There is strong evidence that pyruvate is also formed by several cysteinesulfinate-independent pathways collectively referred to as "cysteine desulfhydrase." The quantitative importance of cysteinesulfinate-independent pathways of taurine synthesis is less clear, but it has been suggested that taurine synthesis from the cysteamine released during phosphopantetheine and CoASH turnover accounts for the high taurine content of tissues with very low levels of cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity (e.g. skeletal muscle and heart). In the present studies, the metabolic flux through each of these pathways was quantitated in vivo by monitoring the formation of respiratory 14CO2 in mice administered L-[1-14C]- or L-[3-14C]cyst(e)ine. Mice given 0.05 mmol/kg of L-cystine or 0.5 or 2.5 mmol/kg of L-cysteine catabolize 35, 51, and 72% of the dose, respectively, in 6 h; the relative contribution of taurine synthesis to total catabolism decreases from 63 to 51 to 42% as the L-cyst(e)ine dose is increased. To evaluate the role of L-cysteinesulfinate in taurine synthesis, D-cysteinesulfinate was characterized and used as a metabolism-resistant, potent, and specific inhibitor of cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase. Studies with L-[1-14C]- and L-[3-14C]cysteine in the presence of inhibitor indicate that 85-93% of taurine synthesis occurs from L-cysteinesulfinate: the calculated contribution of the phosphopantetheine pathway is small and may approximate zero. L-Cysteinesulfinate transmamination accounts for 25% of pyruvate synthesis from L-[14C]cystine (0.05 mmol/kg) but only 11% of pyruvate synthesis from L-[14C]cysteine (2.5 mmol/kg). Cysteine desulfhydrase reactions account for most of the pyruvate synthesis.

Topic: Aldose Reductase and Taurine
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Optical Implementation Of The Kittler-Young Transform For Image Classification

The Kittler-Young (K-Y) transform is a nonparametric method for feature extraction. The important property of the K-Y transform is that the information of class variances and mean squares are utilized optimally in feature selection. A joint transform correlator (JTC) is used to extract the features of the K-Y transform from input images optically. Making use of these features, classifications are performed on a microcomputer.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Calibrating the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide Rutting Models using Accelerated Pavement Testing

This paper presents a new method for the local calibration of the rutting models in the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) for Indiana’s pavements using accelerated pavement testing (APT). The study focused on the verification, calibration, and validation of the rutting models in the MEPDG using both field and APT sections. In this study, a new calibration methodology was developed that uses layer rutting distribution. Also, a procedure was developed to provide the most realistic simulations of APT conditions (climate, traffic, and aging) using virtual weather station data generation, a special traffic configuration, and falling weight deflectometer evaluation. The primary benefits of APT are that it uses test sections with high distress levels and low measurement errors and it provides findings about the contributions of each layer to the total rut depth (i.e., pavement surface rutting). The accuracy of the MEPDG’s rutting prediction models was improved significantly following implementation of the new calibration process. The sum of squared errors (SSE) was reduced by 73% and the standard error of estimates was reduced by 38%. No significant differences were found between the predicted and measured asphalt layer, subgrade, and total rut depths at the 95% confidence level. When compared with the conventional calibration method, which uses the total rut depth without knowing the rut depth of each layer, the proposed method provides more reliable predictions for both asphalt mixture and subgrade rutting, most especially for the latter. The bias and SSE of the predicted subgrade rutting were improved by 46% and 62%, respectively.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Problems of north-south international trade as the main reason of world trade organization difficulties

This article tries to summarize achievements of ten years anniversary of WTO (1995-2005) and the negotiations taking place at its summits from Seattle (1999) to Hongkong (2005). These achievements could be characterized at best as mediocre ones. WTO has been muddling through numerous disputes, the most important of which have been and still are agricultural subsidies of developed countries. Due to double standards and sometimes lack of transparency at least three summits (Seattle, Cancún and Doha) almost failed and the Katar Round ended deadlocked for 2004. The last Hongkong summit (December 2005) saved WTO functionality mainly through some concessions demanded by developing countries" since 1998. Katar Round, unfortunately, is still far from any safe landing. Nevertheless, the article praises some good results, too. The whole decade of such partial and practical struggling open, hovewer, also some issues important for theory of international economics, for example such as optimality of global vers. regional-subregional options for the future international trade liberalization, etc. The article, of course, cannot pretend solving but only draws attention of academic research resp. sorting them and establishing their hierarchy.

Topic: Global Trade and Competitiveness
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences