jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Extract by HPLC with ELSD Detection

Simultaneous quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract was developed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). A Luna C-18 column was used, along with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 3.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid in a gradient elution mode, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Parameters of ELSD were 105 degrees C for the drift tube temperature and 2.8 L/min for the gas flow-rate. Retention times of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were 4.1 and 8.3 min, respectively. Logarithmic calibration curves were obtained for glycyrrhizic acid from 0.50 to 5.72 mu g (r(2)&amp;gt; 0.999) with a precision of 0.95% R.S.D and for liquiritin from 0.30 to 6.00 mu g (r(2)&amp;gt; 0.999) with a precision of 0.59% R.S.D. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin were 168.3 ng and 200 ng (S/N=3), respectively. This method was successfully applied to quality evaluation in licorice raw materials and related commercial formulations.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring Mediating Motivations for Muslims’ Electoral Preferences

Exploring Mediating Motivations for Muslims’ Electoral Preferences Research has revealed that a significant part of Muslims cast a vote for a left party, on the one hand, and/or a preferential vote(s), on the other, but the underlying explanatory factors remain unclear. Based on mediation analyses, we test whether the ‘left-wing tendency and personalization of the Muslim vote’ are motivated by specific considerations related to the Michigan model (issues, candidates, party evaluation) and/or minorities-specific factors (religion and political alienation) vis-à-vis non-Muslims. For this purpose, we focus on the electoral preferences of Muslims in Belgium based on mock ballot data connected to an exit poll for the Belgian local elections in 2018. Our structural equation analyses reveal that issues are particularly relevant for Muslims compared with non-Muslims when explaining the leftist vote. Furthermore, neither the Michigan model nor the minorities-specific variables seem to explain Muslims’ preferential voting vis-à-vis non-Muslims. Consequently, using in-depth interviews with Muslims, we further unravel these motivations and the decision-making process leading to their vote choices.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prediction of the powder catchment efficiency based on off-axial powder monitoring and coaxial melt pool monitoring in laser directed energy deposition

Abstract In the laser directed energy deposition process, the powder-melt pool interaction process critically influences the part quality. This study establishes the relationship between powder distribution, melt pool behavior and powder catchment efficiency (PCE) through image processing. A novel PCE prediction model is proposed based on off-axial powder monitoring and coaxial melt pool monitoring. The method consists of two key algorithms: one for extracting powder incidence ratio (PIR) from high-speed images and another for extracting area coefficient( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>area</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) from coaxial thermal images. A powder distribution probability map was proposed to describe the powder distribution, and based on this, the relationship between powder distribution characteristics (e.g. PIR, focal point, and focal length) and process parameters was analyzed. The impact of real printing conditions on powder distribution was also examined. Through the spatial registration of off-axial melt pool images and coaxial melt pool thermal images, the impact of melt pool temperature distribution on the powder catchment process was clarified. The impact of process parameters on the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>area</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and PCE was analyzed systematically. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed prediction model is validated through PCE extracted from laser line-scanned point cloud data and a root mean squared error of 3.06% is achieved.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pesticides and herbicides

Abstract This paper provides a review of some important scientific articles published in the year 2018 about pesticides and herbicides. The literature review presented in this paper cover pesticides and herbicides presence as well as occurrence in the environment. The review is divided into four sections. Each of these sections highlight issues related to pesticides and herbicides on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.

Topic: Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nb3pwr_PortThrough #180700.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 3 (BL3). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL3.

Topic: Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The algebra of sleepiness: investigating the interaction of homeostatic (S) and circadian (C) processes in sleepiness using linear metrics

"The present studies were conducted to contribute to the debate on the interaction between circadian (C) and homeostatic (S) processes in models of sleep regulation. The Two-Process Model of Sleep Regulation assumes a linear relationship between processes S and C. However, recent elaborations of the model, based on data from forced desynchrony studies, suggest a nonlinear interaction between both processes. Whether this interaction is due to an interaction at substantial level or an artifact from the use of nonlinear metrics remain largely unknown, partly because usual experimental procedures in sleep research do not provide the necessary means to make this distinction. In this study we apply Functional Measurement methodology to demonstrate the linearity of two subjective sleepiness scales (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for sleepiness/alertness) and subsequently use these instruments in a judgment task based on information on prior sleep and time of day. Our results show that, when using linear metrics, processes S and C are integrated according to a differential weighting averaging rule, which consequently implies that both processes are psychologically related in a nonlinear way when sleepiness judgments are performed."

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Nocticanace cancer Wirth 1969

cancer Wirth Nocticanace cancer Wirth, 1969b: 586. Wirth 1975: 2 [catalogue]; Linsley 1977: 41 [checklist]; Mathis 1992: 8 [catalogue]; Munari & Mathis 2010: 21 [catalogue]. Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Pinta. Remarks. Adults of this species were reported on crabs (Wirth 1969b).

Topic: Saffron Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The interaction between human serum albumin and antidiabetic agent – exenatide: determination of the mechanism binding and effect on the protein conformation by fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques - Part I

The interactions between transport proteins and drugs are very important from the pharmacological point of view. In this study, using fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) techniques, we investigated the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and incretin antidiabetic drug - exenatide. Moreover, the effect of common metal ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>) on the exenatide-HSA binding - was also described. Based on the experimental data under pseudophysiological conditions, the calculated binding constant values are on the order of 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, and the constants are lower in the presence of metal ions. We observed the increase of the hydrophobicity near the tryptophan-214 residue in subdomain IIA, but almost no change in the hydrophobicity surrounding tyrosine residues. A similar effect on the tryptophan microenvironment is influenced by metal ions. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the characteristic electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions play an important role in the albumin-exenatide complexes. The CD studies showed that exenatide does not change the secondary structure of the protein but used metal ions have some impact on albumin α-helical content.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A historical and contemporary consideration of the diet of the reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

The preserved stomach contents from the manta ray, collected in 1935, that provided the basis for the 2009 taxonomic resurrection of the species Manta alfredi, were examined. The majority of the material comprised calanoid copepods (61.7%) and trypanorhynch cestodes (34.6%), with minor contributions by arrow worms, a barnacle larva and a nematode. Comparison of the size-frequency distributions of stomach contents with that of zooplankton from the Great Barrier Reef region suggest that this manta ray preferentially ingested large copepods, or that the filter mechanism used to extract prey from the water was selective for prey items over 0.8 mm in length. This is the first description of the diet of M. alfredi from stomach contents, and is consistent with previous inferences about what this species consumes.

Topic: Ichthyology and Marine Biology
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spin transport and injection in high-In content InGaAs/InAIAs heterostructures

Recent progresses in the research area of so-called ‘semiconductor spintronics’ carried out at Center for Nano Materials and Technology, JAIST are reviewed. Based on the successful MBE growth of new type narrow-gap heterostructure composed of In0.75Ga0.25As and In0.75Al0.25As, we recently have developed spin-injection experiment in planar four-terminal device made on the modulaton-doped normal type heterojunction, spin-filtering analysis in resonant tunneling diode with asymmetric center well and Ni emitter, and quantum transport analysis in mesoscopic devices made on the heterojunction. Some important results obtained in those experiments are reported and discussed.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anatomic greater tuberosity healing does not influence the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures

Background To investigate the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in acute complex proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in patients with an anatomic greater tuberosity union in comparison to patients with a displaced or resorbed tuberosity. Method It is a retrospective study with prospective data collection including 32 consecutive PHF with a minimum two-year follow-up treated with RSA. A radiological study and a CT scan were performed specifically for the study. Two shoulder surgeons and a musculoskeletal radiologist assessed the position and union of the greater tuberosity. The functional outcomes were assessed with the Constant-Murley, DASH, ASES and ADLER scores. Results The mean overall CS was 59.55. In 17 cases, the greater tuberosity healed in an anatomical position. In 15 cases, it was non-anatomical. In 53% of patients, greater tuberosity union was obtained. The CS was 62.76 in the anatomic union group and 55.9 in the non-anatomic union group. No significant differences were observed. No differences were observed in the ASES, DASH and ADLER scores. Conclusion After RSA for PHF, anatomic greater tuberosity healing was obtained in 53% of patients. The influence of the position and union of the greater tuberosity on the functional results could not be evidenced.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Politics and personality disorder: the demise of psychiatry?

aDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; and bChester Mental Health Center, Medical Diagnostic Department, Chester, Illinois, USA Correspondence to Professor John Gunn, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 5AF, UK.. Tel: +44 020 7919 3123; fax: +44 020 7277 0283; e-mail: [email protected]

Topic: Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Insights into the effect of molecular crowding on the structure, interactions and functions of siRNA–PAZ complex through molecular dynamics studies

siRNA molecules are well known to be involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and play a key role in understanding the intricacies of eukaryotic gene regulation. While it is widely known that 3' end of siRNA binds to the PAZ domain of Argonaute proteins, it remains unclear whether the molecular crowding facilitates or hinders the overall siRNA-protein interactions during RNA interference. The biological interaction networks controlling the cellular functions of any biological cell may behave very differently in crowded environment as compared to the dilute conditions. Therefore, it is of interest to study the siRNA-protein interactions under more physiologically relevant conditions. In our previous work, we studied the role of hydrogen bond interactions and water network interactions towards the structural integrity of siRNA-PAZ complex. We also described the motions relevant for the functioning of the complex and analyzed the biphasic interaction of the 3' end of siRNA within the PAZ domain under aqueous condition. In the present work, we studied the dynamics of siRNA-PAZ complex in the presence of water-soluble crowding agent. We observed significant changes in interactions and dynamics of siRNA-PAZ complex in the presence of crowder. The conserved H-bond interactions were destabilized by ≈12%, while interfacial water networks were stabilized in the presence of crowder. The analysis of siRNA-PAZ dynamics revealed the stabilizing role of ARG52, ARG172, LYS53 and LYS173 in siRNA-PAZ complex. Interestingly, despite increase in flexibility as measured by RMSD, crowding stabilized top modes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Energy-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Speed Control for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive

Torque ripple minimization of switched reluctance motor drives is a major subject based on these drives’ extensive use in the industry. In this paper, by using a well-known cascaded torque control structure and taking the machine physical structure characteristics into account, the proposed energy-based (passivity-based) adaptive sliding algorithm derived from the view point of energy dissipation, control stability and algorithm robustness. First, a nonlinear dynamic model is developed and decomposed into separate slow and fast passive subsystems which are interconnected by negative feedbacks. Then, an outer loop speed control is employed by adaptive sliding controller to determine the appropriate torque command. Finally, to reduce torque ripple in switched reluctance motor a high-performance passivity-based current controller is proposed. It can overcome the inherent nonlinear characteristics of the system and make the whole system robust to uncertainties and bounded disturbances. The performance of the proposed controller algorithm has been demonstrated in simulation, and experimental using a 4KW, four-phase, 8/6 pole SRM DSP-based drive system.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 2034818: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1982129: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Calcium Channel Antagonists and Gingival Hyperplasia

Letters15 October 1994Calcium Channel Antagonists and Gingival HyperplasiaC. David Naylor, MD, DPhilC. David Naylor, MD, DPhilSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-8-199410150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the report by Steele and colleagues [1] on calcium antagonist-induced gingival hyperplasia.The authors reported that none of the affected patients had “severe hyperplasia.” They sketched some potential complications but also noted that only one of their patients required surgical attention for gingival overgrowth. No data were given on how often the patients were troubled by the changes in their gums.How does this evidence support the recommendation that physicians “examine patients who are to be treated with a calcium antagonist for gingival overgrowth?” Because many older patients with ischemic heart disease already ...REFERENCE1. Steele RM, Schuna AA, Schreiber RT. Calcium anatagonist-induced gingival hyperplasia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:663-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byApplication of evidence-based dentistry: from research to clinical periodontal practice 15 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 8Page: 624-625KeywordsAdverse reactionsCalciumCalcium channel blockerCardiovascular therapyElderly ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Oral and gingival health research
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Hansch analysis of antitumor 4β-( arylamino )-4-desoxypodophyllotoxins and their 4' -demethyl analogs

Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj-757 086, India QSAR Lab, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032, India Antitumor activities <em>(in vitro </em>KB cell cytotoxicity and cellular protein-linked DNA damage data) of 4-arylamino derivatives (P1-P16) of epipodophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin are subjected to Hansch analysis with various physicochemical parameters [electronic (σ), hydrophobicity (π)<em> </em>and steric (MR)] of the phenyl ring suhstituents (R<sub>1</sub>) alongwith some indicator variables. The best relation [EV = 75.9%, <em>R = </em>0.898, <em>F = </em>16.7 (df = 3, 12), PRESS : <em>r = </em>0.808] relating KB cell cytotoxicity data with physicochemical/indicator parameters suggests that bulkier substituents at <em>ortho </em>and <em>meta </em>positions on the phenyl ring reduce the activity while an electron-withdrawing para-substituent increases the activity. Further, 4'-demethylation does not alter the activity significantly. The best relation [EV = 84.6%, <em>R = </em>0.936, <em>F = </em>28.4 (df = <em>3, </em>12), PRESS : <em>r = </em>0.890] involving cellular protein-DNA complex formation data shows that 4cdeinethyl derivatives have higher activity. The equation also suggests that size of <em>ortho-</em>sub<em>­</em>stituent and lipophilicity of <em>meta </em>and <em>para </em>substituents (R<sub>1</sub>) on the phenyl ring have negative contributions. Poor correlation <em>(r </em>= 0.396) is found between the two types of activity data. The hypothesis that DNA-breakage is insufficient to cause cell death may explain the lack of correlation between the activity parameters.

Topic: Plant-derived Lignans Synthesis and Bioactivity
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Study concerning Differences in Parenting Self-efficacy, Parenting Satisfaction, and Parent's Motivation according to Utilization of Strength in the Mothers with Young Children

본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감, 부모만족, 부모동기 변인 간 관계를 알아보는 연구이다. 이를 위해 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니들에게 설문을 실시하였고, 설문에 충실한 응답 197명을 최종 대상으로 선정하였다. 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 정도는 강점활용노력과 강점활용맥락 측면에서 살펴보았고, 양육효능감은 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육 요인을 측정하였다. 부모역할만족감은 단일요인으로 측정하였고, 부모동기는 외적동기와 내적동기 요인으로 측정하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, 유아기 자녀 어머니의 강점활용 정도에 따라 세 그룹의 군집유형이 도출되었고, 군집유형의 특징을 고려하여 '강점활용 상위집단', '강점활용 노력집단', '강점활용 하위집단'으로 구분하였다. 둘째, 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감의 하위요인별 차이를 살펴본 결과, 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육의 다섯 요인에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로 강점활용 군집유형에 따라 어머니의 부모만족감에 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 부모동기 중에는 내적동기 요인에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Repuse, Florentino @ Piano, Anastacio

The Hawaii Sugar Planters Association Filipino Laborer files include data on over 100,000 migrants to Hawaii from 1906-1949. The original collection consists of individual cards, shipping manifests, log books, and associated administrative records.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences