jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on lipid peroxidation in sera and aorta of rabbits in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

In hypercholesterolemia increased lipid and lipoprotein peroxidation occurs. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in atherogenesis. Angiotensin II induces smooth muscle cells proliferation and stimulates oxidation of LDL particles and foam cell accumulation. Inhibition of ang II production leads to decrease in lipid peroxide production. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid peroxidation expressed as concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in sera and aorta homogenates after administration of two doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (captopril, enalapril and quinapril) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Sixty-four New Zealand rabbits were used. Animals were fed with standard fodder, special diet (1% cholesterol content) or special diet + tested ACEI. Two doses of ACE inhibitors were used: i), equivalent to applied to humans, ii), dose 10 times higher. The animals were divided into 8 groups: control, standard fodder; B, special diet; C1, C2, special diet + captopril in doses 2.5 and 25 mg/kg/24 h, respectively; E1, E2, special diet + enalapril in doses 0.75 and 7.5 mg/kg/24 h, respectively; Q1 and Q2, special diet + quinapril in doses 0.75 and 7.5 mg/kg per day, respectively. In cholesterol-fed rabbits and in groups receiving lower doses of tested ACE inhibitors, the serum TBARS concentration at 6 months was significantly higher in comparison to the control. The higher doses of enalapril, quinapril and captopril, prevented the cholesterol-induced rise in TBARS concentration. Lower dose of captopril attenuated the rise in TBARS concentration, it was significantly lower in comparison to group B, but higher than in the control group. In animals from groups B, E1, C1, Q1 TBARS concentration in aortae was significantly higher as compared to control group. Both doses of captopril and higher doses of enalapril and quinapril inhibited the rise of lipid peroxides concentration induced by cholesterol-rich diet.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Application for network node configuration based on NNDL (Network Node Desription Language)

Computer networks are complex systems that provide the basic infrastructure for many diverse services. An efficient method for description of computer networks is useful for many appliances, for example network documentation, planning, analyses, management, etc. XML-based languages and XML technologies have been developed for many purposes, including the description of computer networks and data communications. In this paper we present the approach in using the XML-based language, called NNDL (Network Node Description Language) for creation of network node configuration files. Also, the application, called NodeConfigurator, based on NNDL is presented as well. These configuration files are used for configuring network nodes in virtual network laboratory based on virtualization technology.

Topic: Software System Performance and Reliability
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Future Direction of Gamification Within Higher Education

This chapter provides a critical pathway for the uses of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) within Gamification. The chapter starts with an introduction to gamification, AR and VR. It follows with different explorations of AR and VR, on where different research is heading and the benefits they are having on the learner, educator and the learning environment itself. Finally, the chapter critically analyses future possible directions gamification can have within Higher Education.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The variables influencing consumer information search strategies

Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the personal, situational and socio‐demographic factors influencing consumer information search strategies whilst Christmas shopping in a religiously‐diverse Middle Eastern country: Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire (adopted from Laroche, Saad, Browne, Cleveland, and Kim) was employed as the data collection procedure. Respondents were chosen by systematic random sampling in malls, department stores and retail outlets in the Lebanese capital, Beirut for over a three‐week period immediately prior to Christmas Day, 25 December 2008. The study sample comprised 400 respondents: 188 female and 212 male. Findings The study identified the effects of some personal and situational factors on the different consumer information search strategies. Of the personal factors, it was found that the bargain hunters sought general and specific information as well as information from sales staff, whilst the leader type looked for general and specific information. The study also determined that risky and costly gifts, strict budgets and the amount of money spent on gifts were the main situational factors influencing each type of consumer information search. Originality/value Most of the literature has focused on Christmas shopping in Western countries, yet this study attempts to investigate it in the Middle East. It is hoped that by enhancing the understanding of the impact of Christmas shopping in non‐Western countries the findings will contribute to the literature on this subject.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
City-regionalism as a constellation and re-positioning of discourses, practices and actors: insights from post-territorialist Italy.

From the rise and subsequent fall of local economic development policies and visions, between the 1990s and the early 2000s, to the recent wave of urban strategic plans, the discoursive construction of urban and regional policies in southern Italy and beyond has been driven, on the one hand, by the evolution of geographical imaginaries about the role and meaning of regional spaces in the national and the world-economy (from new-localism to new-regionalism and then to the currently emerging city-regionalism) and, on the other hand, by the need to accommodate changing interests, claims and regional identities in times of disillusionment toward the virtues of 'territorialism' and the local scale. The paper offers a critical review of this evolution, focusing on how socio-spatial relations (Jessop, Brenner and Jones, 2008) have been dealt with in scholarly and public debates about urban and regional development in southern Italy. In doing so we draw on different and at the same time related theoretical strands in critical urban and regional studies, including cultural political economy (Jessop 2004, Uitermark 2005), governamentality studies (Rose-Miller 1992, Huxley 2007), discourse theory (Laclau-Mouffe 1985, Muller 2008) and post-structuralist network analysis (Law 1994, Latour 2005). The aim is to challenge conventional pluralist ontologies of 'actors', 'networks' and 'regions' and to offer a methodological examination of alternative interpretive frameworks centred on the critical analysis of discourse and the ethnography of the local State.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Spatial Data in Health

This chapter presents the type of data used in epidemiology and health geography. It also presents in particular the specificities associated with health data localization. Environmental data and demographic data are essential for most studies concerning risk. The interpretation of satellite images or aerial photography is also an important source of data. Individual data can be spatialized with coordinates, or with addresses, or by reference to a geographical division. This spatialization may be accurate, but there will often be ambiguity between the localization of the individual and the location of the health event that concerns it or is the object of study. Epidemiological data can be collected from: healthcare systems, and surveys and representative population samples. The development of Big Data and its consequences for medical records will very likely impact the overview of health data.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Divine Consort: Rādhā and the Goddesses of India. Edited by John Stratton Hawley and Donna Marie Wulff. (Berkeley Religious Studies Series.) pp. xviii, 414, 4 pl. [Berkeley], Graduate Theological Union in Cooperation with Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi, [<sup>c</sup>1982].

The Divine Consort: Rādhā and the Goddesses of India. Edited by John Stratton Hawley and Donna Marie Wulff. (Berkeley Religious Studies Series.) pp. xviii, 414, 4 pl. [Berkeley], Graduate Theological Union in Cooperation with Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi, [c1982]. - Volume 116 Issue 1

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Seasonal changes in the heavy metal resistant bacterial population of the New Calabar River, Nigeria

Seasonal changes and the contribution of industrial effluent discharges to the population of heavy metal – resistant bacteria (HMRB) in the river water and sediment of the New Calabar River, were examined. On exposure of river water microflora to 2µg of heavy metals, the HMRB population ranged from 55 to 78% in the rainy months and 100% in the dry months. The HMRB of the river water ranged from 0.4 to 0.8% and 11 to 21% in the rainy and dry months respectively, on exposure of river water microflora to 20µg of heavy metals. The HMRB in the sediment ranged from 86 to 100% and 20 to 43% in the dry months and 55 to 100% and 1.7 to 2.4% in the rainy months when sediment microflora were exposed to 2µg and 20µg of heavy metals respectively. Higher concentrations of heavy metals resulted in reduced populations of HMRB. The total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count ranged from 1.0 x 107 to 5.8 x 108 cfu/ml and 2.2 x 106 to 5.3 x 107 cfu/ml for surface water, 5.5 x 106 to 7.4 x 108 cfu/ml and 1.4 x 105 to 4.0 x 106 cfu/ml for subsurface water and 1.0 x 105 to 1.1 x 109 and 2.5 x 105 to 6.8 x 107 cfu/g for sediment during the rainy and dry months respectively. Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity and BOD showed higher values in the rainy season than in the dry season. Dissolved oxygen and pH showed no significant difference between their rainy and dry season levels indicating the absence of seasonal variations with these parameters. Heavy metals levels of river water and sediment showed higher values in the dry season than in the rainy season. There was no significant difference between the heavy metal levels of industrial effluent discharges with those of the river water and sediment levels during the rainy season. During the dry season, the heavy metal levels of the industrial effluents were less than those of the river water and sediment. Thus their contribution to seasonal variation of these metals in the river water and sediment is negligible. Results also suggested that the percentage of heavy metal resistant bacteria and the heavy metal levels of the river water and sediments were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Key words: Seasonal changes, effluent discharges, heavy metal resistant bacteria, New Calabar River. (Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences: 2003 9(4): 425-434)

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Investigation of End-to-End Models for Robust Speech Recognition

End-to-end models for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) have not been sufficiently well-explored in prior work. With end-to-end models, one could choose to preprocess the input speech using speech enhancement techniques and train the model using enhanced speech. Another alternative is to pass the noisy speech as input and modify the model architecture to adapt to noisy speech. A systematic comparison of these two approaches for end-to-end robust ASR has not been attempted before. We address this gap and present a detailed comparison of speech enhancement-based techniques and three different model-based adaptation techniques covering data augmentation, multi-task learning, and adversarial learning for robust ASR. While adversarial learning is the best-performing technique on certain noise types, it comes at the cost of degrading clean speech WER. On other relatively stationary noise types, a new speech enhancement technique outperformed all the model-based adaptation techniques. This suggests that knowledge of the underlying noise type can meaningfully inform the choice of adaptation technique.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A simulation-based methodology for evaluating hedge fund investments

Abstract This article introduces a large scale simulation framework for evaluating hedge funds’ investments subject to the realistic constraints of institutional investors. The method is customizable to the preferences and constraints of individual investors, including investment objectives, performance benchmarks, rebalancing period and the desired number of funds in a portfolio and can incorporate a large number of portfolio construction and fund selection approaches. As a way to illustrate the methodology, we impose the framework on a subset of hedge funds in the managed futures space that contains 604 live and 1323 defunct funds over the period 1993–2014. We then measure the out-of-sample performance of three hypothetical risk-parity (RP) portfolios and two hypothetical minimum risk portfolios and their marginal contributions to a typical 60–40 portfolio of stocks and bonds. We find that an investment in managed futures improves an investor’s performance regardless of portfolio construction methodology and that equal risk approaches are superior to minimum risk portfolios across all performance metrics considered in the study. Our article is relevant for institutional investors in that it provides a robust and flexible framework for evaluating hedge fund investments given the specific preferences and constraints of individual investors.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic divergence in arboreum cotton (Gossypium arboreum)

Fortyfive genotypes were grouped in seven, five and ten clusters in three subsequent years, i.e 2004, 2005 and 2006. The maximum number of ten clusters were formed during 2006, followed by seven and four during 2004 and 2005 respectively. Cluster I contains the maximum number of genotypes (37, 40 and 29 in 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively), followed by cluster II. The genotypes forming single cluster were PA 405, MALJARI, KWA 227, HD 440, and PA 304 thus, they were most divergent genotypes. In general, clustering of genotypes was not related to geographic diversity. Genotypes, viz. J. Tapti, KWA 24, KWA 23, AH 65, CINA 223, and DLSA 24 were grouped together in different years thus exhibited real genetic diversity based on yield factors and quality parameters in cotton. In the year, Clusters III and V were most divergent, ie maximum inter-cluster distance in 2004, cluster II and IV in 2005 and clusters II and VI in 2006. Hence, selection of genotypes from the cluster exhibiting maximum genetic divergence would be more reliable for high heterotic response and spectrum of variation in segregating generation. The contribution of boll/plant, sympodia/plant, monopodia/plant, nodes/plant, short fibre index and oil percentage towards genetic divergence was noted in the present material. Hence, the selection of parents or donors should be based on per se performance of these characters in the form of selection indices.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigating students’ satisfaction in online learning: the role of students’ interaction and engagement in universities

The study aims to examine the role of course evaluation and digital platforms in students' online learning and satisfaction. The target population was students from public and private educational institutes in Pakistan. Data were gathered through an e-questionnaire and 652 responses were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Resultantly, online learning significantly influenced students' satisfaction while interaction demonstrated students' positive engagement. Furthermore, the study highlighted the course evaluation and digital platforms in creating an eco-friendly environment that enhances satisfaction. The study extends online learning by incorporating predictors, such as course evaluation and digital platforms to operate higher educational institutes efficiently. The study is unique due to technology use in students' e-learning that ultimately forms satisfaction.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Internationalization of State Multilatinas: A Multi-Case Study in The Oil Sector

In general the study of internationalization process of companies from Latin America is scarce compared with companies from Europe and USA. Likewise the study of state ownership in the region is scarce. In this regard, the main aim of this paper is analyze the internationalization patterns of the main state multilatinas: PEMEX (Mexico), PETROBRAS (Brazil) and PDVSA (Venezuela). Considering the interpretation of the main internationalization theories as: Eclectic paradigm and Uppsala model, a multi-case method was carried out in order to fulfill the purpose of this paper. The main results suggest an integrated operation, combined with innovation and technological development is used by the studied companies. Likewise, the three companies follow similar internationalization patterns as exports, joint ventures and foreign direct investment. The main difference is the place where they go abroad, PEMEX mainly focus its international operations in Europe and USA, PDVSA, go mainly USA and Asia and PETROBRAS go to Latin America and Africa.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CAMPFIRE: Tonga Cosmovision and Indigenous Knowledge

The Communal Areas Management for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is a celebrated approach to natural resource management, developed in Zimbabwe. Now adopted and adapted by many nations in eastern and southern Africa, it has gained widespread popularity among donors, development agencies, academics and practitioners. CAMPFIRE is described in the popular literature as an innovative approach to sustainable management of natural resources which aims at transferring proprietorship, management and utilisation of natural resources to local communities who live in the vicinity of those resources. So far, however, CAMPFIRE has mainly focused on wildlife. The programme recognises that the survival of wildlife and other natural resources ultimately depends on changing the perceptions and attitudes of people who live with these resources. The CAMPFIRE philosophy believes that if ownership, management and utilisation are all transferred to those who live with the resources, these communities will develop positive attitudes towards the resources and use them in a sustainable manner (Murphree 1991).

Topic: Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau

Objective: To assess the prevalence and predictors of underage initiation of selling sex among female sex workers (FSW) in Guinea-Bissau. Methods: 505 adult FSW recruited using respondent-driven sampling were surveyed in 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics associated with initiation of selling sex while underage (&lt;18 years). Results: A total of 26.3% (133/505) of FSW started selling sex before age 18. Underage initiation of selling sex was associated with experiencing forced sex before age 18 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 6.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–22.13), and never being tested for HIV (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20–0.91). Despite having lower odds of wanting to have children or more children (aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.17–0.56), FSW who started selling sex while underage had lower odds of using highly effective contraception such as implants (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.77). Among those who were ever pregnant, a lower percentage of FSW who started selling sex while underage accessed antenatal care (56.6% vs. 74.7%, p = 0.008). Conclusions: These data suggest that early initiation of selling sex among adult FSW in Guinea-Bissau is common. Social services for youth and integrated HIV and reproductive health services are critical to address the persisting sexual and reproductive health needs of FSW who started selling sex while underage.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Wong-Zakai approximation of solutions to reflecting stochastic differential equations on domains in Euclidean spaces

In this paper, we study the Wong-Zakai approximation of the solution to the stochastic differential equation on a domain $D$ in a Euclidean space with normal reflection at the boundary. We prove the $L^p$ convergence of the approximation in $C([0,T]\to \bar{D})$ under some general conditions on $D$.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative study of percutaneous nephrolithotomy performed in the traditional prone position and in three different supine positions

Patient positioning in PCNL does not seem to impact the rates of success or severe complications. However, COMPSUP is associated with a shorter surgical time than the other positions.

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics of Newly Discovered Amber from Phu Quoc, Vietnam

The authors examine the gemological properties and commercial potential of a new source of amber, discovered in 2020 on the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc.It is the only known amber locality in Vietnam so far.The Phu Quoc amber possesses reddish orange to orangy yellow hues and is transparent, with sizes up to 10 cm.The samples exhibited strong blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light (both long-wave and short-wave).Internally, they displayed disk-like inclusions and gas bubbles, but few botanical inclusions were found.Their characteristic FTIR peaks can be distinguished from those of amber found in other sources worldwide.Although amber from Phu Quoc is a recent discovery and has only been investigated in two small areas, its commercial potential is promising based on the samples' quality and the wide distribution of the host rock on the island. In Brief• Vietnamese amber was first discovered on the island of Phu Quoc in 2020.• The amber is characterized by strong blue fluorescence under UV lighting and weak green fluorescence under daylight-equivalent illumination.• Amber nodules were found in sandstone, accompanied by veins of black jet.The wide coverage of sandstone on the island suggests the possibility of additional discoveries.• Phu Quoc amber's gemological properties are relatively similar to those from other global sources, but it can be differentiated by FTIR spectroscopy.

Topic: Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences