jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The interaction effects of FEN1 rs174538 polymorphism and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on damage in exon 19 and 21 of EGFR gene in coke oven workers

Abstract Mutagenesis is a multifactor process associated with increased risk of cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and genetic susceptibility were conductive to genotoxic effects including gene damage, which can increase mutational probability and are potential carcinogenic etiology. We aimed to explore the dose-effect associations of PAHs exposure with damage of exons of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), as well as their associations whether modified by Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) genotype. 288 coke oven male workers were recruited and we detected the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-pyr) as PAHs exposure biomarker in urine and examined base modification in exons of EGFR and BRCA1 respectively, and genotyped FEN1 rs174538 polymorphism in plasma by PCR methods. Compared to low exposure group, the high exposed workers had significantly higher urinary concentrations of 1-OH-pyr, after adjustment for multiple covariates ( P &lt; 0.001). We found that the damage index of exon 19 and 21 of EGFR (EGFR-19 and EGFR-21) were both significantly associated with increased urinary 1-OH-pyr (both P trend &lt; 0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the levels of urinary 1-OH-pyr were both significantly associated with increased EGFR-19 and EGFR-21 in both smokers and nonsmokers (both P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, we observed that the urinary 1-OH-pyr concentrations were both linearly associated with EGFR-19 and EGFR-21 only in rs174538 GA + AA genotype carriers (both P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, FEN1rs rs174538 showed modifying effects on the associations of urinary 1-OH-pyr with EGFR-19 and EGFR-21 (both P interaction &lt; 0.05). Our findings revealed the linear dose-effect association between exon damage of EGFR and PAHs exposure and highlight differences in genetic contributions to exon damage and have the potential to identify at-risk subpopulations who are susceptible to adverse health effects induced by PAH exposure.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Postictal immobility and generalized <scp>EEG</scp> suppression are associated with the severity of respiratory dysfunction

Summary Objective The pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy ( SUDEP ) remains undetermined. Seizures are accompanied by respiratory dysfunction ( RD ). Postictal generalized electroencephalography ( EEG ) suppression ( PGES ) may follow generalized tonic–clonic seizures ( GTCS ). Following GTCS patients have impaired arousal and may be motionless. Patients with SUDEP are usually prone. Postictal immobility (PI) may contribute to SUDEP by not permitting repositioning of the head to allow unimpeded ventilation. To determine whether RD and/or ictal characteristics are associated with PI , we analyzed patients with GTCS in the epilepsy monitoring unit. Method We investigated for associations between PI duration and PGES , ictal/postictal oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), end‐tidal CO 2 ( ETCO 2 ), seizure localization, duration, and tonic and total convulsive phase duration. We investigated for linkage between PGES and these measures. Results Seventy patients with 181 GTCS and available SpO 2 and/or ETCO 2 data were studied. Simple linear regression analysis by seizures showed that PI duration was associated with peak periictal ETCO 2 (p = 0.03), duration of oxygen desaturation (p = 0.005) and with SpO 2 nadir (p = 0.02). PI duration was not associated with tonic, convulsive phase or total seizure duration. Analysis by patients also showed significant association of PI with RD . Duration of PI was longer following seizures with PGES (p &lt; 0.001). PGES was not associated with the tonic, convulsive phase or total seizure duration. SpO 2 nadir was lower in seizures with PGES (p = 0.046), ETCO 2 peak change (p = 0.003) was higher, and duration of ETCO 2 elevation (p = 0.03) was longer. Multivariable regression analysis showed that PGES and severe RD were associated with PI duration. Significance The duration of PI and presence of PGES are associated with periictal RD . The duration of PI is also associated with the presence of PGES . Seizure duration or duration of the convulsive phase is not associated with PI or PGES . Interventions aimed at reversing impaired arousal and PI may reduce SUDEP risk.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lymphotoxin alpha functional germline genetic variant: A future prognostic factor in colorectal cancer?

Background: Lymphotoxin alpha (LTa) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by inflammatory cells with a role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment (TM). A putatively functional genetic polymorphism in LTA, at locus +80 (Thr26Asn, rs1041981), has been associated with altered expression of LTa. Here, we sought to evaluate whether this polymorphism associates with 2 main endpoints (progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival(OS)) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 166 CRC patients from a single tertiary hospital. Whole blood was used to isolate genomic DNA. Genotyping of LTA +80 C > A was performed through real time-PCR allelic discrimination using specific Taqman probes, and confirmed by sequencing. Retrospective data and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Age and gender-adjusted logistic regression analyses were undertaken. Analyses were conducted after stratification by baseline lymphocyte count (LC) (LC < 1x103/µL vs > 1x103/µL). Kaplan-Meier curves with Log-Rank test were used. Subsequent multivariate Cox regression proportional hazards models were calculated (P for retention > 0.1). Results: Participants' median age was 65.9 (IR, 57.5-74.3) years, the majority were males (63%), and 58% with colon cancer. At diagnosis, 45,2% were stage III and 18,1% stage IV. The median follow up time was approximately 4 years (IQR, 25.5-67.0 months). We found a significant association in carriers of the A-allele to have lower LC on linear trend analysis (P for trend = 0.013). Multivariate comparisons between LTA genotypes of additive model showed an independent protective effect for heterozygous compared with C-homozygous in the association with disease progression (HR = 0.5, 95CI = 0.3-0.97, P = 0.041), only in subjects with baseline LC > 1x103/µL. In this group, a significant independent protective effect for all-cause mortality was observed in A-carriers (HR = 0.4, 95CI = 0.1-0.97, P = 0.042). Conclusions: This LTA genetic variant in subjects with baseline LC > 1x103/µL is associated with PFS and OS in CRC. The understanding of the impact of this polymorphisms on the evolution of the disease can bring us new information on TM regulation. Legal entity responsible for the study: Ricardo Ribeiro. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Weak localization and crossover from Lifshitz transition in two dimensions

Dirac point plays a crucial role in regulating electronic properties of topological semimetals. In two dimensions, the manipulation of Dirac points can spur a transition from Dirac semimetal through semi-Dirac phase to a gapped phase. Across such a so-called Lifshitz transition, we find that the quantum interference corrections to the conductivity $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xx}$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{yy}$ are always negative, giving rise to a weak localization behavior. The ratio $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xx}/\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{yy}$ undergoes a transition from linear to parabolic dependence on the merging parameter across the Lifshitz transition, which leads to a crossover of the temperature dependence of the inverse inelastic scattering time $1/{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}$ from $\ensuremath{\sim}T$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}Tln({T}_{0}/T)$. This fingerprint behavior can be readily tested experimentally through merging Dirac points in two-dimensional lattices. This work presents an alternative perspective to understand weak localization through Lifshitz transition.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Confederate States of America: What Might Have Been

What Lee had avoided defeat at Gettysburg? What a stalemate had developed along with anti-war sentiment? What Lincoln had been defeated in the 1864 election and Britain had recognised the Confederacy? What would have happened to an independent Confederate States of America and a defeated United States? Here a master of historical analysis follows the consequences of the what if scenario and gives us the fascinating, convincing and insightful outcomes of his counterfactuals.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electronically scanned Rotman lens antenna with liquid crystal phase shifters

The performance of a Rotman lens, which forms fixed beams at 0°, ±15° and ±30°, is augmented using liquid crystal phase shifters to simultaneously steer each beam by up to ±7.5°. Measured results are used to demonstrate that the true time delay property of the antenna and voltage controlled phase shifters can be exploited to provide continuously scanned beams with full coverage over an angular range of ±37.5°, and with operation over the band 6–10 GHz.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bringing The Future Within Reach - Celebrating 75 Years of the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, has been making the future for 75 years. The center's work with aircraft engines, high-energy fuels, communications technology, electric propulsion, energy conversion and storage, and materials and structures has been, and continues to be, crucial to both the Agency and the region. Glenn has partnered with industry, universities, and other agencies to continually advance technologies that are propelling the nation's aerospace community into the future. Nonetheless these continued accomplishments would not be possible without the legacy of our first three decades of research, which led to over one hundred R&amp;D 100 Awards, three Robert J. Collier Trophies, and an Emmy. Glenn, which is located in Cleveland, Ohio, is 1 of 10 NASA field centers, and 1 of only 3 that stem from an earlier research organization-the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Glenn began operation in 1942 as the NACA Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (AERL). In 1947 the NACA renamed the lab the Flight Propulsion Laboratory to reflect the expansion of the research. In September 1948, following the death of the NACA's Director of Aeronautics, George Lewis, the NACA rededicated the lab as the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory. On 1 October 1958, the lab was incorporated into the new NASA space agency and was renamed the NASA Lewis Research Center. Following John Glenn's return to space on the space shuttle, on 1 March 1999 the center name was changed once again, becoming the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center.

Topic: Space exploration and regulation
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Congenital Vaginal Atresia: About an Uncommon Case

Congenital vaginal atresia is an uncommon developmental defect in the female reproductive system. In this review, we discuss a rare case involving a 19-year- old woman who presented with primary amenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain. Upon clinical evaluation, a cup-shaped structure was noted in place of the vaginal opening. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI, revealed a complete vaginal atresia along with a right unicornuate uterus, a non-functional rudimentary left horn, and significant accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus. Diagnosed with vaginal aplasia and an abnormal uterus, the patient consented to undergo a subtotal hysterectomy, with preservation of the adnexa. Congenital vaginal atresia generally presents with primary amenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical assessment coupled with imaging techniques, where MRI plays a key role in determining the severity of the atresia and informing the surgical strategy. The goal of surgery is to restore the integrity of the utero-vaginal tract and improve reproductive outcomes for those affected. Subject Areas:- Gynecology – Obstetric

Topic: Gynecological conditions and treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inhibition of Glycolysis Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression-like Behavior

Background: Growing evidence suggests that glucose metabolism plays a crucial role in activated immune cells, significantly contributing to the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors. Chronic stress has been reported to induce microglia activation and disturbances in glucose metabolism in the hippocampus. Aims: This study aims to investigate how chronic stress-mediated glycolysis promotes neuroinflammation and to assess the therapeutic potential of the glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), in a model of chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior. Methods: In in vitro studies, we first explored the effects of 2-DG on the inflammatory response of microglia cells. The results showed that corticosterone (Cort) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased glycolysis, and promoted the release of inflammatory mediators. However, these effects were reversed by intervention with 2-DG. Subsequently, we examined changes in depression-like behavior and hippocampal glycolysis in mice during chronic stress. The results indicated that chronic stress led to prolonged escape latency in the Morris water maze, increased platform-crossing frequency, reduced sucrose preference index, and extended immobility time in the forced swim test, all of which are indicative of depression-like behavior in mice. Additionally, we found that the expression of the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) was upregulated in the hippocampus of stressed mice, along with an increased release of inflammatory factors. Further in vivo experiments investigated the effects of 2-DG on glycolysis and pro-inflammatory mediator production, as well as the therapeutic effects of 2-DG on chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice. The results showed that 2-DG alleviated chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors, such as improving escape latency and platform-crossing frequency in the Morris water maze, and increasing the time spent in the center of the open field. Additionally, 2-DG intervention reduced the level of glycolysis in the hippocampus and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 2-DG can mitigate neuroinflammation and depressive behaviors by inhibiting glycolysis and inflammatory responses. Overall, our results highlight the potential of 2-DG as a therapeutic agent for alleviating chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation through the regulation of glycolysis.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre (review)

Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre,Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10. By Annikki Kaivola-Bregenhøj. (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001. Pp. 186, bibliography, index.)

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transdiaphragmatic herniation after transthoracic esophagectomy: an underestimated problem

Summary Diaphragmatic transposition of intestinal organs is a major complication after esophagectomy and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims of to analyze a large series of patients with this condition in a single high-volume center for esophageal surgery and to suggest a novel treatment algorithm. Patients who received surgery for postesophagectomy diaphragmatic herniation between October 2003 and December 2017 were included. Retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical and surgical data was performed. Outcomes of measure were initial clinical presentation, postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality and herniation recurrence. A total of 39 patients who had surgery for postesophagectomy diaphragmatic herniation were identified. Diaphragmatic herniation occurred after a median time of 259 days following esophagectomy with the highest prevalence between 1 and 12 months. A total of 84.6% of the patients had neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy prior to esophagectomy. The predominantly effected organ was the transverse colon (87.2%) prolapsing into the left hemithorax (81.6%). A total of 20 patients required emergency surgery. Surgery always consisted of reposition of the intestinal organs and closure of the hiatal orifice; a laparoscopic approach was used in 25.6%. Major complications (Dindo–Clavien ≥ IIIb) were observed in 35.9%, hospital mortality rate was 7.7%. Three patients developed recurrent diaphragmatic herniation during follow-up. Postesophagectomy diaphragmatic herniation is a functional complication of the late postoperative course and predominantly occurs in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma having chemoradiation before Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy. Due to a high rate of emergency surgery with life-threatening complications not a ‘wait-and-see’ strategy but early surgical repair may be indicated.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ready, set, go! Evaluating readiness to implement competency-based medical education

Organizational readiness is critical for successful implementation of an innovation. We evaluated program readiness to implement Competence by Design (CBD), a model of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), among Canadian postgraduate training programs. A survey of program directors was distributed 1 month prior to CBD implementation in 2019. Questions were informed by the R = MC<sup>2</sup> framework of organizational readiness and addressed: program motivation, general capacity for change, and innovation-specific capacity. An overall readiness score was calculated. An ANOVA was conducted to compare overall readiness between disciplines. Survey response rate was 42% (<i>n</i> = 79). The mean overall readiness score was 74% (30–98%). There was no difference in scores between disciplines. The majority of respondents agreed that successful implementation of CBD was a priority (74%), and that their leadership (94%) and faculty and residents (87%) were supportive of change. Fewer perceived that CBD was a move in the right direction (58%) and that implementation was a manageable change (53%). Curriculum mapping, competence committees and programmatic assessment activities were completed by &gt;90% of programs, while &lt;50% had engaged off-service disciplines. Our study highlights important areas where programs excelled in their preparation for CBD, as well as common challenges that serve as targets for future intervention to improve program readiness for CBD implementation.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
WATER AND MINERAL STRESSES, PRODUCTION YIELDS AND PHOTOACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi C. cucumerinum, F. culmorum, B. cinerea and A. niger was evaluated using leaf extracts obtained with ethyl acetate or methanol. The relation between mineral supply and photobioactivity was not clear while the increasing of water deficit strongly enhanced the light dependent antifungal activity. On the whole the lack of P and a water deficit of about 50% enhanced the potential photoactivity of C. sativum comparatively to its ground state activity.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic Response Characteristics of a Nonviscously Damped Oscillator

The characteristics of the frequency response function of a nonviscously damped linear oscillator are considered in this paper. It is assumed that the nonviscous damping force depends on the past history of velocity via a convolution integral over an exponentially decaying kernel function. The classical dynamic response properties, known for viscously damped oscillators, have been generalized to such nonviscously damped oscillators. The following questions of fundamental interest have been addressed: (a) Under what conditions can the amplitude of the frequency response function reach a maximum value?, (b) At what frequency will it occur?, and (c) What will be the value of the maximum amplitude of the frequency response function? Introducing two nondimensional factors, namely, the viscous damping factor and the nonviscous damping factor, we have provided exact answers to these questions. Wherever possible, attempts have been made to relate the new results with equivalent classical results for a viscously damped oscillator. It is shown that the classical concepts based on viscously damped systems can be extended to a nonviscously damped system only under certain conditions.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences