jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Virologic suppression in patients with a documented M184V/I mutation based on the number of active agents in the antiretroviral regimen

Objectives: The optimal antiretroviral therapy for patients with the M184V/I mutation is not known. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of various antiretroviral therapies in patients with HIV and the M184V/I mutation based on the number of active antiretroviral agents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 100 treatment-experienced patients harboring the M184V/I mutation seen at an urban HIV clinic. Efficacy was classified as percentage of patients with viral suppression defined as HIV RNA viral load &lt;200 copies/mL at last measurement on current antiretroviral therapy, stratified by the number of active antiretroviral agents. Results: The primary outcome of viral suppression occurred in 70.6% (12/17) of patients on &lt;2 active agents, 77.2% (44/57) on 2–2.5 active agents, and 69.2% (18/26) on 3 active agents. No significant difference was found between viral suppression and patients on &lt;2 and 2–2.5 antiretroviral agents (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = (0.21, 2.39), p = 0.8) or between patients on 3 and 2–2.5 active agents (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = (0.23, 1.88), p = 0.7). The most commonly prescribed regimen consisted of a boosted protease inhibitor with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, one of which being lamivudine or emtricitabine. Conclusion: Similar rates of viral suppression were observed in patients regardless of the number of active antiretroviral agents prescribed. Regimens containing less than 3 active agents may maintain virologic suppression in patients with the M184V/I mutation. Further studies are needed to determine optimal antiretroviral therapy for patients with the M184V/I mutation.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
From social activism to active socialization: The evolution of football ideology in community‐owned football clubs

Abstract Community‐owned clubs are profound socializing agents that offer children a prosocial environment that disarticulates some of football's most pernicious ideologies in favor of an environment that is developmental, empowering, and self‐affirming while facilitating self‐determination. The work highlights the evolution of community‐owned clubs from activist enclaves to virtuous, imperative environments that influence and transfer community‐bound knowledge. Children in the study articulated that the ethos found at these clubs has enhanced their self‐esteem and self‐efficacy and has positively changed their perceptions, behavior, and interactions with the vulnerable individuals within their community. In addition, the data reveals a new idealism in terms of football with self‐restraint and nominal consumption of club apparel preferred to traditional materialism.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Artificial nutrition in the management of lesions caused by caustic ingestion].

Ingestion of a large amount of corrosive agent results in a life-threatening condition which requires a much more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach than was formerly recommended. Based on experience with a wide spectrum of upper g-i injuries in 56 patients treated through a 5-year-period, the Authors suggest an early staging of the lesions by immediate endoscopy, followed by adequate resective surgery for high-degree esophago-gastric lesions. Indications, techniques of artificial nutrition and the nutritional requirements of this condition are presented and fully discussed. The prompt institution of total parenteral nutrition is an essential part of the emergency management of these lesions. Fourteen patients underwent surgical treatment for the lesions; in all cases a Witzel's feeding jejunostomy was performed and postoperative enteral nutrition was started. Eight patients underwent a reconstructive operation of colon interposition and received home-based total enteral nutrition for a period of 8-25 weeks. No major complications relate to nutritional support occurred and nutritional indexes were normal at the end of the treatment.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Promoting the use of standard questions in patient registries and research: A library of questions related to rare diseases

Abstract The Patient Registry Item Specifications and Metadata (PRISM) library was developed with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) with the primary purpose of supporting the use of standardized questions in rare disease patient registries. A patient registry is for a method of collecting, storing, retrieving and using a clearly defined set of data on identifiable individuals for a specified purpose. Standardization of patient registries can enable the sharing of health and patient data for optimal research capabilities. As the number of patient registries proliferates, there exists no single entity to drive the development of data collection, storage and retrieval standards. The PRISM library fills that void. Additionally, the PRISM library supports a bottom‐up approach to standardization, and utilizes Dublin Core for indexing and, partnering with the College of American Pathologists, uses SNOMED CT to code clinical content. PRISM also supports apomediation, as well as the re‐use of questions to promote standardization. The goal of PRISM is to reduce variation in registry questions used by the rare disease registry community and to support production of high quality, highly efficient patient registries. The standardization of patient registry questions can further serve to improve efficiencies and collaboration across the research and drug development communities.

Topic: Genomics and Rare Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of Low Cost Smart E-Pants Using Intermittent Electrical Stimulation for Preventing Pressure Ulcers

In this work, a fully-functional working prototype of a low-cost smart E-pants has been designed and developed for preventing pressure ulcers. Smart E-pants are able to redistribute the excess pressure formed under the bony prominences of immobile patients by stimulating the gluteal muscles upon detecting exposure to prolonged pressure exceeding the threshold value. This device incorporates electrodes into specially designed undergarment that automatically deliver intermittent electrical stimulation bursts through interferential current protocol. The electrical circuit consists of two major units namely: stimulation signal generator and stimulation duration controller with prolonged pressure detector. A special voltage conductive fabric is used for the stimulation delivery. The premodulated waveform, allowable current and voltage range from the smart E-pants are comparable with that of a clinical standard electrical muscle stimulator machine. Based on the feedback from healthy volunteers, the smart E-pants have shown great performance in reducing prolonged sitting discomfort. In addition, the total cost of the current working-prototype is at least 7 fold lower than the other prototypes of E-pants. Thus, our developed cost-effective smart E-pants have shown promising results for the prevention of pressure ulcers. Still, there are scopes of further optimization in terms of the efficacy, safety and cost.

Topic: Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Women’s Participation in Agro-biodiversity Management: A Case Study of Kaski District

The management of agro-biodiversity is integral to developing resilient and sustainable agricultural systems capable of addressing existing challenges. An investigation was carried out in Kaski district of Nepal during 2022 to explore the women’s participation in agro-biodiversity management. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was employed to gather primary data from 100 farm households. Further, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) was used to gather primary data. Mean, frequency and other measures were used to present the findings. Results revealed that women play major role in collection and preservation of Non-Timber Forest products (NTFPs) in comparison to men. Involvement of women in drying, storage, marketing and value addition was also high in comparison to men. Women farmers’ role in seed selection is predominant. Farmers are conserving traditional and exotic species of fodders, vegetables crops, and diversity on spices, cereals, oilseeds and legumes. From the above findings, it is suggested that the government and other development agencies should tailor policies and programs through the participation of women farmers for sustainability of conservation efforts. Moreover, involvement of stakeholders should be ensured in the implementation at the community level.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lymphatic Transport and Lymphocyte Targeting of a Triglyceride Mimetic Prodrug Is Enhanced in a Large Animal Model: Studies in Greyhound Dogs

In previous studies, a triglyceride (TG) mimetic prodrug of the model immunomodulator mycophenolic acid (MPA) was shown to significantly enhance lymphatic transport of MPA-related species in the rat. The rat gastrointestinal tract, however, is somewhat different from that in higher order species such as dogs and humans and may underestimate lymphatic transport. Here the effectiveness of the prodrug strategy has been examined in conscious greyhound dogs, the GI physiology of which is more representative of that in humans. The bioavailability and lymphatic transport of free MPA and total MPA related materials were examined following oral administration of the parent drug (MPA) and the prodrug (2-MPA-TG) to both thoracic lymph duct cannulated and intact (noncannulated) greyhound dogs. The enrichment of free MPA in lymph nodes and lymph-derived lymphocytes was also determined to examine the efficiency of drug targeting to potential sites of action within the lymph. Via biochemical integration into a series of site-specific metabolic processes, the prodrug markedly increased (288-fold) lymphatic transport of total MPA related material (present as re-esterified 2-MPA-TG) when compared to the parent MPA and the extent of lymphatic transport was significantly greater in the dog (36.4% of the dose recovered in lymph) when compared to the previous data in the rat (13.4% of the dose). Conversion from 2-MPA-TG derivatives to parent MPA occurred in vivo, resulting in a marked increase in MPA concentrations in lymph nodes (5-6-fold) and lymph lymphocytes (21-fold), when compared to animals administered the parent drug. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the TG prodrug of MPA facilitates efficient delivery of MPA to the lymphatic system in dogs and suggest that the TG prodrug strategy may more effectively facilitate targeted delivery in large animals than in rats.

Topic: Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mortality in Moscow and other megacities of the world: similarities and differences

This paper is devoted to the comparison of mortality by cause of death in Moscow and other megacities of the world since 1990. The selection of megacities was determined by the availability of detailed mortality data in the selected period. The objects of our comparison are data for Berlin, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, New York, Singapore, St. Petersburg, and Tokyo. Mortality from major groups of causes of death are considered, including cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, external causes, diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, infections and some others. The analysis uses standardised mortality rates by cause of death.&#x0D; The mortality level in Moscow is significantly lower than in the majority of regions of Russia, but is still substantially higher than in foreign megacities. Due to a big lag at the beginning of the period, the mortality level in Moscow nowadays is higher than in all selected foreign megalopolises in the year 2000. Where Moscow’s mortality level lags most behind others is in mortality from circulatory diseases and external causes. Moscow's successes in reducing mortality in 2000-2014 are very impressive. However, it is difficult to predict how events will unfold in the deteriorating economic situation.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Systematic review of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with primary hyperparathyroidism; does early surgical intervention improve the outcome?

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of the Membrane Topology of the PORCN O‐Acyl Transferase

WNT signaling is critical for proper embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. WNT proteins require palmitoylation for optimal secretion and receptor binding. Porcupine (PORCN), a membrane bound O‐acyltransferase (MBOAT) family member is the protein that palmitoylates WNT. PORCN is localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Though PORCN is required for proper tissue patterning in developing embryos, its membrane topology is poorly understood. Determining the topology of PORCN may have useful applications in areas of embryonic development studies. Although numerous bioinformatics algorithms that predict membrane topology are available, no clear consensus for the topology of PORCN has emerged. Therefore, our goal is to experimentally determine the topology of PORCN. To determine topology, we developed two strategies. The first strategy utilized differential solubilization and immunofluorescent imaging of single, and dual tagged PORCN variants. Results from single Myc‐tagged N‐and C‐terminus PORCN variants in transfected COS‐7 cells orient the N‐terminus in the ER lumen, and the C‐terminus in the cytosol. To further determine topology, we developed twelve dual tagged PORCN variants with Myc epitopes within predicted loops, and a C‐terminal 3X FLAG tag. The construction of dual tagged variants provided us with qualitative information, as well as quantitative values using Mander's coefficients of colocalization. Our studies show that five of the PORCN variant loops exhibit cytosolic orientation while one loop was oriented toward the lumen. As a control, we showed that the N‐ and C‐terminal tags remained lumenal and cytosolic, respectively. However, the remaining constructs provided conflicting results. Additionally, a PORCN antibody was generated against an immunogenic region that includes residues 282–303. Immunofluorescent imaging and colocalization quantitation orient this epitope towards the cytosol. As a second strategy, we developed ten mutants which resulted in the introduction of ectopic consensus sites for the addition of N‐linked carbohydrates (NxT/NxS). These PORCN mutants were transfected into HEK‐293T cells and subjected to Western blot analysis to identify glycosylated variants. This analysis identified two glycosylated residues at A134N and D283N, which indicates localization of these two residues to the lumen of the ER. Intriguingly, these results do not agree with those from our differential solubilization studies. We are now carrying out additional controls to help us distinguish between these two results. Support or Funding Information NIH‐MARC T34‐GM008574

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigation of the Electrical Field Distribution Along the Non-Ceramic Insulator with and without Corona Ring

Application of corona rings to insulators on High Voltage Transmission lines has become a very significant research in this era as it aids in the reduction and balancing of the electric field at the energized end of the insulator. Presently, non-ceramic insulators are commonly being used due to its encouraging properties compared to the ceramic insulators. The system will be beneficial as it avoids any breakdown or failures to transmission lines. The methodology applied on to this system is the Finite Element Method (FEM) which is used to identify the electric field using the COMSOL multi physics software. The optimum position of the corona ring will be identified by manipulating three main parameters which are the radius, height and distance to reduce the electric field at the energized end. Additionally, the system focuses on 132kV Transmission Lines as is it the commonly used voltage rating. By applying the methodology as mentioned, an average percentage reduction of 59% was achieved when the corona ring is present.

Topic: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrating VoiceThread into EFL Speaking Class

In EFL classrooms, teaching speaking is difficult because of limited time, students’ inhibitions, and low participation. Incorporating VoiceThread into EFL speaking classes can help with students’ anxiety and encourage shy students to participate in multiple conversations. It also motivates students as they can add images and videos to create presentations

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-Time Optoacoustic Tracking of Single Moving Micro-objects\nin Deep Phantom and Ex Vivo Tissues

Medical\nimaging plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment\nof multiple diseases. It is a field which seeks for improved sensitivity\nand spatiotemporal resolution to allow the dynamic monitoring of diverse\nbiological processes that occur at the micro- and nanoscale. Emerging\ntechnologies for targeted diagnosis and therapy such as nanotherapeutics,\nmicroimplants, catheters, and small medical tools also need to be\nprecisely located and monitored while performing their function inside\nthe human body. In this work, we show for the first time the real-time\ntracking of moving single micro-objects below centimeter thick phantom\ntissue and ex vivo chicken breast, using multispectral optoacoustic\ntomography (MSOT). This technique combines the advantages of ultrasound\nimaging regarding depth and resolution with the molecular specificity\nof optical methods, thereby facilitating the discrimination between\nthe spectral signatures of the micro-objects from those of intrinsic\ntissue molecules. The resulting MSOT signal is further improved in\nterms of contrast and specificity by coating the micro-objects’\nsurface with gold nanorods, possessing a unique absorption spectrum,\nwhich facilitate their discrimination from surrounding biological\ntissues when translated to future in vivo settings.

Topic: Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Level of lean practices among large scale manufacturing companies in South-Western Nigeria

The level of lean manufacturing (LM) practice among large-scale manufacturing companies in the South-Western Nigeria was investigated. Data for the study were collected using questionnaire administered to the respondents and backed up with a personal interview where it was considered necessary. 24 randomly selected companies and 39 respondents' responses were analysed. The results show that the degree of LM practice is low but the level of understanding of lean related terms is relatively high. Based on the respondents' observations, lack of support from top management, employee resistance to change and ignorance of LM benefits are identified as main obstacles against LM implementation. Due to the inconsistent economy resulting in fluctuating market prices, it was found that inventory reduction is not an incentive for adopting LM by the manufacturers. More effort should be geared towards educating Nigerian manufacturers about the concept and benefits of LM to their organisations.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Examining the weak-form efficiency and opportunities for technical analysis in the foreign exchange market: a new insight from trading partners of Pakistan

Foreign exchange market prediction is one of the most challenging problems which continues to distress both researchers and financial analysts, because investors can earn abnormal profits only if market are inefficient. The objective of this study is to analyse the weak-form efficiency of foreign currencies of major trading partners of Pakistan which includes China, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, the UK and the USA. We use a battery of parametric and non-parametric test (measure of normality, autocorrelation and Q-statistics, run test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and variance ratio tests) on the most recent dataset. Time period spans from January 1, 2006 to January 31, 2017 on daily, weekly and monthly basis which provides robustness of our findings. This study reveals that foreign exchange market are weak-form inefficient, therefore there exist opportunities for a technician in terms of technical trading strategies in the foreign exchange market of major trading partners of Pakistan. This study has important implication for technical trading strategies, developing diversified portfolios and for the application of risk management techniques in foreign exchange market.

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Pituitary tumors: hormonal status and immunohistochemical evaluation].

Positive immunohistochemical staining often do not correlate with elevated basal serum pituitary hormone levels, which may be related to either impaired synthesis or excretion of the hormones by tumour cells. Increased serum levels of ACTH, TSH or GH are usually connected with positive immunohistochemical staining results. Hyperprolacinaemia in cases of PRL-negative assays arises from PRL secretion defects caused by the tumour presence itself.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences