jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bose-Einstein Phase Transition in an Interacting System

It is shown that for both the Hartree-Fock and Bogoliubov models of interacting bosons associated with the disappearance of the Bose-Einstein condensation at a temperature ${T}_{c}$, the specific heat ${C}_{V}$ has a square root singularity, ${C}_{V}\ensuremath{\sim}A{({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$, and the superfluid density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{S}$ is discontinuous, with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{S}(T)\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{S}({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0)\ensuremath{\sim}B{({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for temperatures $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0$. Except near ${T}_{c}={T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ the theoretical and experimental results for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{S}$ are in good agreement.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Napoléon et l’Empire de l’opinion : acteurs et enjeux du contrôle de l’opinion publique sous le Premier Empire

This article outlines the history of the administration in charge of the regulation and control of public opinion during the French Empire. The context of this regulation is delineated by examining how Napoleon intended, as early as the Consulate, to merge the Ancien Regime traditions with the new values of the Revolution. This project acknowledges innovative developments in public opinion management, in the shaping of political legitimacy after 1789. I will examine three unpublished manuscripts produced by this administration in order to illustrate the administrative and political implications of the imperial control of public opinion. In addition, I will analyze the historical issues at stake determined by different figures who played a role in this administration.

Topic: European Political History Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring the History of Subliminal Racism in Ivory Soap Commercials

I got the idea for the paper after exploring the archives for a previous research paper and finding a children’s magazine from 1926. I discovered that P&amp;G would buy a page every month in the magazine to create an ongoing storyline for young children to follow and to advertise Ivory Soap. The story was called “The Ivory Heroes” which featured a group of mythical creatures and young white children who traveled around the world cleaning places with Ivory soap. The issue I discovered featured the Ivory Heroes going to Africa and cleaning an African village. After doing a in-depth study of the ad’s explicit racism and how the company got to that point, I became curious about how the company continued their history of explicit and subliminal racism in their advertisements. I wanted to write this paper because after my semester of research into the history of soap advertising while I was hearing about racism scandals happening at Dove, I felt that more attention needed to be drawn to the advertising world and how it continues to affect us daily.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pilot study on the treatment of cyclical mastodynia with Quinagolide.

In a pilot clinical trial on 52 patients, 75 microg Quinagolide given once per day was administered for the treatment of cyclical mastodynia. Linear analogue charts were used for the assessment of response. Decrease in breast pain, heaviness, tenderness and serum prolactin level on the one hand, and increases in the serum estradiol and progesterone levels on the other hand were noted after 3 and 6 months administration, and were statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. One-Way Anova Repeated Measures and Wilcoxon test and analysis of Covariance model. The beneficial effect of Quinagolide also lasted after the cessation of treatment. Fourteen patients dropped out during treatment. Adverse effects like nausea, low blood pressure, dizziness and constipation were rarely reported.

Topic: Sympathectomy and Hyperhidrosis Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Word length effects in object naming: The role of a response criterion

According to Levelt, Roelofs, and Meyer (1999) speakers generate the phonological and phonetic representations of successive syllables of a word in sequence and only begin to speak after having fully planned at least one complete phonological word. Therefore, speech onset latencies should be longer for long than for short words. We tested this prediction in four experiments in which Dutch participants named or categorized objects with monosyllabic or di-syllabic names. Experiment 1 yielded a length effect on production latencies when objects with long and short names were tested in separate blocks, but not when they were mixed. Experiment 2 showed that the length effect was not due to a difference in the ease of object recognition. Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 using a within-participants design. In Experiment 4, the long and short target words appeared in a phrasal context. In addition to the speech onset latencies, we obtained the viewing times for the target objects, which have been shown to depend on the time necessary to plan the form of the target names. We found word length effects for both dependent variables, but only when objects with short and long names were presented in separate blocks. We argue that in pure and mixed blocks speakers used different response deadlines, which they tried to meet by either generating the motor programs for one syllable or for all syllables of the word before speech onset. Computer simulations using WEAVER++ support this view.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Instructional Methods For Optimal Learning For An Aerospace Assembly Task: digital animation v pictogram-based instructions

Previous studies on work instruction delivery for complex assembly tasks have shown that the mode and delivery method for the instructions in an engineering context can influence both build time and product quality. The benefits of digital, animated instructional formats when compared to static pictures and text only formats have already been demonstrated. Although pictograms have found applications for relatively straight forward operations and activities, their applicability to relatively complex assembly tasks has yet to be demonstrated. This study compares animated instructions and pictograms for the assembly of an aircraft panel. Based around a series of build experiments, the work records build time as well as the number of media references to measure and compare build efficiency. The number of build errors and the time required to correct them is also recorded. The experiments included five participants completing five builds over five consecutive days for each media type. Results showed that on average the total build time was 13.1% lower for the group using animated instructions. The benefit of animated instructions on build time was most prominent in the first three builds, by build four this benefit had disappeared. There were a similar number of instructional references for the two groups over the five builds but the pictogram users required a lot more references during build 1. There were more errors among the group using pictograms requiring more time for corrections during the build.

Topic: Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Prediction of increased systemic inflammation and the risk of cardiovascular disease in endometriosis

Background and objectives Endometriosis occurs in about 5-10 in 100 women of reproductive age. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is controversial. Some studies claimed an association between endometriosis and increased levels of inflammatory factors in peritoneal fluid and/or peripheral blood. Monocyte / HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are inflammatory markers and are used as predictors and prognostic indicators of mortality and morbidity in many diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Monocyte / HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are increased in endometriosis as in patients with chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study conducted with 87 women, 45 in the endometriosis group and 42 in the control group. The demographic data, biochemical, complete blood count parameters and lipid profile of the cases were recorded and compared between the groups.ResultsThe mean age of the endometriosis group was 33.88 years and was older than the control group. In terms of other demographic data, there were no difference between the two groups. Although the platelet distribution width and triglyceride values of the endometriosis group were higher than controls, they were interpreted as clinically insignificant. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of other laboratory parameters including MHR and NLR.ConclusionsIn this study, MHR and NLR are found similar in endometriosis and control groups. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between increased systemic inflammation.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of mTOR inhibition on sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to epidermal growth factor inhibition

1055 Background: The outcome for patients with triple negative (TN) cancers is poor at least in part because of a lack of targeted therapies. Although 50% of TN breast cancers over-express EGFR, the use of EGFR inhibitors as single agents in patients with unselected and TN metastatic breast cancers has produced disappointing results. Likewise, mTOR inhibitors have modest activity as single agents in metastatic breast cancer. mTOR inhibitors have been demonstrated to activate the Akt pathway by a possible feedback mechanism, which could potentially sensitize TN breast cancer cells to upstream inhibitors. We have previously demonstrated that EGFR inhibitors in combination with rapamycin (RAPA) decrease cell survival, increase apoptosis, and are synergistic in TN breast cancer cells, compared to any of the agents alone (AACR 2008). We, therefore, evaluated the combination of mTOR and EGFR inhibition in vivo. Methods: Athymic mice were inoculated with TN (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. One week after cell inoculation, mice were treated with vehicle, lapatinib 75mg/kg by mouth daily, RAPA 3mg/kg IP biweekly, or the combination. After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were sacrificed and tumors were assessed for target proteins by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry Results: The combination of RAPA and lapatinib resulted in a significant decrease in TN breast tumor volume (76 mm 3 ), compared to rapamycin alone (133 mm 3 , p = 0.01), lapatinib alone (183 mm 3 , p &lt; 0.0001) or control (188 mm 3 , p = 0.005). Neither lapatinib nor RAPA alone inhibited tumor growth significantly compared to control (p &gt; 0.05). Interestingly, in contrast to our findings in vitro, the increase in pAkt noted in RAPA treated tumors was not decreased by lapatinib, despite the significant decrease in tumor size in tumors treated with the combination. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the combination of mTOR inhibition and lapatinib significantly inhibit TN breast cancer growth, compared with either agent alone. Given the lack of targeted therapies in TN breast cancers, these data support the possibility that mTOR inhibition can sensitize TN breast cancers to EGFR inhibitors. A clinical trial evaluating the combination of lapatinib and RAD001 as second-line therapy for TN metastatic breast cancer is planned. [Table: see text]

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Recalcitrant nodulocystic acne in black Americans: treatment with isotretinoin.

The beneficial effects of isotretinoin (Accutane) on severe nodulocystic acne and significant clinical improvement with prolonged remission are well documented in the literature; however, the subjects in these clinical studies are invariably white. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of black patients with recalcitrant nodulocystic acne to isotretinoin treatment. Ten black patients, ranging in age from 17 to 34 years, were treated for nodulocystic acne with 1 mg/kg/d of isotretinoin for 20 weeks and followed for an additional six months. Of the ten patients, eight adhered to the treatment regimen and were still in remission six months after completion of isotretinoin therapy. The differences and similarities seen between black patients and white patients with nodulocystic acne are discussed.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Human Experience of Social Transformation: Cross-Cultural Insights from Qualitative Comparative Analysis - Supplement 1 - R Code

R Code for analyses associated with The Human Experience of Social Transformation: Cross-Cultural Insights from Qualitative Comparative Analysis Archaeologists and other scholars have long studied the causes of collapse and other major social transformations and debated how they can be understood. This article instead focuses on the human experience of living through those transformations, analyzing 18 transformation cases from the US Southwest and the North Atlantic. The transformations, including changes in human securities, were coded based on expert knowledge and data analyzed using Qualitative Comparative Analysis techniques. Results point to the following conclusions. Major transformations, including collapses, generally have a strong and negative impact on human security; flexible strategies that facilitate smaller scale changes may ameliorate those difficulties. Community security is strongly implicated in these changes; strong community security may minimize other negative changes. The relationships among the variables are complex and multi-causal; while social transformation may lead to declines in human securities, declining conditions of life can also push people to transform their societies. Finally, the considerable variability indicates that some societies are better able to deal with difficulties than others. These kinds of cases, in the past as well as today’s world, are worthy of much more attention.

Topic: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Reality and Diversity of Buddhist Economics

Abstract This essay develops three central points: Buddhist economics (BE), like most religion‐based economics, is not only an extrapolation from the basic texts but is also how BE has recently been practiced. Examples of that practice include the application of the concept of “Gross National Happiness” in Bhutan, the implementation of a “sufficiency economy” in Thailand, and action based on the principle of the Unification of King and People in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. BE as a concept comes originally from an outside understanding of Buddhism that entails perspectives that text‐based BE might not have. Buddhism, as such, is at odds with standard textbook economics (STE). BE thus potentially forms its own economic paradigm, but BE as practiced often coexists with STE. Discussing these points will hopefully result in seeing that there is considerable diversity within BE and that there is such a thing as real, existing BE that truly does matter.

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
P99 The definition of quality and measurement of the resuscitation of traumatically injured children – a phenomenographic study

Trauma is the leading cause of death of children.1 The quality of resuscitation of a severely injured child is very highly valued both as a team and as an individual member of a team. With no current definition of what a high-quality resuscitation of an injured child constitutes or a mechanism to capture this, both quality assurance and future improvement is significantly hampered. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of trauma team members and administrators alike, as to what constitutes a high-quality resuscitation of a severely injured child and how to measure this. We describe the perceptions of thirty-six UK trauma team members and governance administrators from three UK district general hospitals. A phenomenographic methodology as described by Marton was employed.2 This approach qualitatively maps the collective different ways in which people experience, conceptualise and understand various aspects of a phenomena. In this study the phenomena is the resuscitation of a severely traumatically injured child and how we measure it. This approach also highlights how the variation of perspectives is inter-related and provides an insight how of the architecture of the variation defines the phenomenon.2,3,4 The study followed the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies.5 Analysis of differing and synergistic perceptions identified six categories which define high-quality resuscitation and how we can measure this quality, these are system, team, process, individual, data and culture. A hierarchy of perceptions is evident from a simple process-driven perspective to a complex architecture of quality and measurement that combines the six categories. Combining this with the shared and divergent views of both trauma team members and trauma governance administrators further defines what we currently understand, in terms the quality of resuscitation and the measurement thereof. Our current inability to define quality hinders both quality assurance at present and quality improvement in the future. Our future ability to capture and disseminate system, team, process, individual, data and culture perspectives of the quality of a resuscitation could be a key advance patient care. References . Krug E, Sharma G, Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. American Journal of Public Health 2000;90:523–6. . Marton F. Phenomenography-describing conceptions of the world around us. Instr Sci 1981;10:177–200. . Barnard A, McCosker H, Gerber R. Phenomenography: A qualitative research approach for exploring understanding in health care. Qual Health Res 1999;9:212–26. . Sjostrom B, Dahlgren LO. Applying phenomenography in nursing research. J Adv Nurs 2002;40:339–45. . Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist. https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/19/6/349/1791966/Consolidated-criteria-for-reporting-qualitative. last accessed 06 July 2017.

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biodiversity and Geographic Distribution of Basidiomycetes Causing Esca-Associates White Rot in Grapevine : A Worldwide Perspective

An overview is provided of the biodiversity, taxonomic classification and geographic distribution of basidiomycetes isolated from white rot in esca-affected grapevine all over the world. A total of 10 species have been recovered, all belonging to the Hymenochaetales and five of them of uncertain identity. Identified taxa include Fomitiporia mediterranea (Europe, Asia), F. polymorpha (North America), F. australiensis (Australia), and Inocutis jamaicensis (South America). One species, not yet formally described, is Fomitiporella vitis (South America). Uncertain taxa occur in Australia and South Africa. Existence of the fungi is widely restricted to vegetative mycelium. Fruit bodies are rare in the field and molecular data are usually necessary for differentiation.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrical Characterization of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Based Heterojunction Device

Herein, we have measured the mobility of Hole's for the configuration FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbBr3/PEDOT:PSS/Al by the SCLC regime. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite based device shows the rectifying behavior as Schottky diode. Different parameters of the proposed device such as saturation current, ideality factor, barrier height have been taken out from I–V characteristics. The highest Hole's mobility from TiO2 thin film through the perovskite and PEDOT:PSS film to the top aluminum electrode has of order 1.59 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. Moreover, the proposed device shows the TFSCLC regime at lower voltage while, at higher voltages it shows the TCLC regime. In addition to this, some important parameters like junction resistance, capacitance and carrier lifetime of device can be measured by the spectroscopy analysis of impedance.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing the Contribution of Mobile Money Services Towards Financial Inclusion in Tanzania: A Case of Kinondoni Municipality

A Dissertation Submitted to the Mzumbe University Dar es Salaam Campus College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) of Mzumbe University

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Parenthood Residency Status and Criminal Desistance across Neighborhood Contexts

Research on desistance and parenthood has yielded mixed results bringing into question whether, and for whom, parenthood matters. Scholarship has not fully explored the importance of residency status or patterns of desistance across a full range of neighborhood contexts, nor examined distinctions between temporary and long-term desistance. Our study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the association between parenthood residence and criminal desistance across levels of adolescent neighborhood poverty. Our findings demonstrate that parenthood has different meanings for desistance, depending on its duration, residency status, and neighborhood context.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences