jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The health‐related quality of life among patients on maintenance haemodialysis: Evaluation using the “EQ‐5D”

Abstract Purpose We conducted a cross‐sectional investigation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients, and determined important predictive factors of HRQOL in these patients. Methods Psychological factors were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES). HRQOL was evaluated with the EQ‐5D. Laboratory data (albumin, haemoglobin and C‐reactive protein) were collected for medical evaluation. We also collected participants’ demographic data, including gender, age, et al. This study was in compliance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Results The mean EQ‐5D score was 0.86 ± 0.12, mean HADS‐anxiety score was 5.27 ± 3.41, mean HADS‐depression score was 5.29 ± 3.58, mean PSQI score was 7.00 ± 4.23 and mean GSES score was 6.86 ± 2.03. Participants’ mean haemoglobin was 108.18 ± 16.45 g/L, mean albumin was 41.80 ± 4.61 g/L and mean C‐reactive protein was 8.88 ± 18.50 mg/L. HRQOL was negatively correlated with HADS‐anxiety ( r = −0.390, p &lt; 0.001), HADS‐depression ( r = −0.385, p &lt; 0.001), PSQI ( r = −0.285, p &lt; 0.001) and C‐reactive protein ( r = −0.198, p = 0.034). HRQOL was positively correlated with GSES ( r = 0.205, p = 0.007). Age ( p &lt; 0.001), anxiety ( p &lt; 0.001), depression ( p = 0.002), and postdialysis unemployment ( p &lt; 0.001) were independent risk factors for HRQOL. Conclusion Different health interventions should be implemented to improve patients’ HRQOL. Relevance to clinical practice The results will provide evidence for establishing healthcare interventions to maintain or improve HRQOL among this patient population.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Opposite responses to the addition of leuprolide acetate to human menopausal gonadotropin therapy in two perimenopausal women.

Leuprolide acetate was used to suppress the endogenous gonadotropins in order to prevent premature luteinization in two women under ovulation induction therapy. One patient had previously developed premature luteinization with clomiphene citrate, but consistently produced only one mature follicle with hMG therapy. However, when leuprolide acetate was started prior to hMG during an attempt for in vitro fertilization, it failed to stimulate even a mild rise in her serum estradiol. The other patient, who was not able to make a mature follicle with hMG alone because of premature luteinization, was enabled to make mature follicles with leuprolide therapy alone (without hMG). The exact mechanism for these totally different responses to leuprolide acetate in two perimenopausal women is not known.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
External shocks, financial markets and the real economy: Policy options in South Africa

The paper considers the transmission of an external shock through the bond, equity, money and foreign exchange markets and, depending on the nature and duration of the shock, the attendant effects on various sectors of the South African economy. While it is acknowledged that the ability of the Reserve Bank to intervene in the foreign exchange markets is limited, it is argued that the current policy may not be appropriate in the face of a sustained speculative attack. Instead, a policy of selective intervention aimed at the relative degrees of change in foreign exchange and interest rates may be used to affect the distribution of costs between various sectors of the economy.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Determination of steroid hormones in the amniotic fluid in prenatal genetic diagnosis].

In amniotic fluid from the second trimester of pregnancy levels of total and free testosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were assessed. The median levels of total testosterone during the 15th to 24th week are 0.82 +/- 0.31 nmol/l in pregnancies with male foetuses and 0.32 +/- 0.11 nmol/l in pregnancies with female foetuses. The levels of free testosterone assessed by calculation from concentrations of SHBG and total testosterone are 0.15 +/- 0.04 for male and 0.05 +/- 0.04 nmol/l for female foetuses. The diagnostic reliability of sex determination of the foetus from the total testosterone concentration in amniotic fluid is 94% and estimation of free testosterone increases it further. The median normal 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels during the 15th to 23rd week of pregnancy are 8.7 +/- 3.5 nmol/l and do not depend on the sex of the foetus and week of pregnancy. The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone in amniotic fluid from the second trimester of pregnancy are in male foetuses 0.64 +/- 0.33 nmol/l and 0.61 +/- 0.32 nmol/l in female foetuses and do not differ. Assessment of testosterone levels serves as a supplementary method for determination of the sex of the foetus and may play an important part in the prenatal diagnosis of syndromes with agenesis of testicles. Estimation of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is used in prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, estimation of dehydroepiandrosterone can be used in the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary forms of adrenal hypofunction.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A force torsor analysis for a turning process in the presence of self-excited vibrations

A testing device in turning including, in particular, a six-component dynamometer, is used to measure the complete torque of the cutting actions, in a case of self-excited vibrations. For the tests, the used tool was a noncoated carbide tool (TNMA 160412) without chip breaker. The cutting material is a chrome molybdenum alloy type (ASI 4140). The cylindrical test tubes have a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 30 mm. For the first time, we present an analysis of forces and moments for different depths of cut and different feed rates.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The effect of low-frequency impulse electrotherapy on the function of the neurohumoral systems regulating the arterial pressure in hypertensive patients].

The function of humoral regulatory systems was studied in hypertensive patients. Relevant dysfunctions appeared related to hemodynamic types. In the hyperkinetic hemodynamic type the greatest benefit for pressor and depressor regulation was achieved with square-wave impulse 10 Hz currents under the orbital method, in the hypokinetic--with sinusoidal modulated currents at 100 Hz modulation frequency. 30 Hz sinusoidal modulated currents under orbital method are able to bring about a marked decrease in both pressor and depressor hormones levels in hypokinetic pattern of hemodynamics producing short-term hypotensive effects. Humoral action of low-frequency impulse electrotherapy depends on the current characteristics, frequency and site of exposure.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of the Interfacial Agents with Different Types of Hydrophilic Functional Groups on the Rheological Properties of Coal-Water Slurry

Five interfacial agents with different hydrophilic groups (DBS, SDS, SO, TX, CTAB) are used as model additives to prepare coal-water slurry (CWS). The effects of different interfacial agents on the rheological properties of CWS are systemically investigated, the microscopic aggregation behavior of coal particles in the suspensions and the zeta potentials in coal-water interface are also studied. Based on the interpretation of the results, the rheological behavior of CWS is greatly influenced by the adsorption pattern of the interfacial agents in coal-water interface. The adsorption patterns of anionic interfacial agents on coal surface are mainly influenced by the combining force between the anionic hydrophilic groups with Ca2+, the stronger combining force with Ca2+ leads to the apparent viscosity increase and heavier pseudo-plastic property of CWS. The adsorption pattern of nonionic interfacial agent on coal surface is seldom influenced by the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chain, and the addition of nonionic interfacial agent reduces the apparent viscosity of CWS. The adsorption pattern of cationic interfacial agent on coal surface is determined by its cationic head, and the addition of cationic interfacial agent increases the apparent viscosity of CWS. The concluded adsorption models of the interfacial agents with different hydrophilic groups can be guidance for the molecular design of high-performance additives of CWS.

Topic: Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DEPTOR maintains plasma cell differentiation and favorably affects prognosis in multiple myeloma

Abstract Background The B cell maturation process involves multiple steps, which are controlled by relevant pathways and transcription factors. The understanding of the final stages of plasma cell (PC) differentiation could provide new insights for therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we explore the role of DEPTOR, an mTOR inhibitor, in the terminal differentiation of myeloma cells, and its potential impact on patient survival. Methods The expression level of DEPTOR in MM cell lines and B cell populations was measured by real-time RT-PCR, and/or Western blot analysis. DEPTOR protein level in MM patients was quantified by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay. RNA interference was used to downregulate DEPTOR in MM cell lines. Results DEPTOR knockdown in H929 and MM1S cell lines induced dedifferentiation of myeloma cells, as demonstrated by the upregulation of PAX5 and BCL6, the downregulation of IRF4, and a clear reduction in cell size and endoplasmic reticulum mass. This effect seemed to be independent of mTOR signaling, since mTOR substrates were not affected by DEPTOR knockdown. Additionally, the potential for DEPTOR to be deregulated in MM by particular miRNAs was investigated. The ectopic expression of miR-135b and miR-642a in myeloma cell lines substantially diminished DEPTOR protein levels, and caused dedifferentiation of myeloma cells. Interestingly, the level of expression of DEPTOR protein in myeloma patients was highly variable, the highest levels being associated with longer progression-free survival. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time that DEPTOR expression is required to maintain myeloma cell differentiation and that high level of its expression are associated with better outcome. Primary samples used in this study correspond to patients entered into GEM2010 trial (registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01237249, 4 November 2010).

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advances in Environmental Remote Sensing

This chapter focuses on a review of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for extraction and assessment of plant biophysical and biochemical parameters. Ecology and the study of terrestrial vegetation are important application fields for hyperspectral remote sensing. Therefore, besides classification and identification of vegetation types, in terrestrial ecosystem study, hyperspectral remote sensing can be applied to the estimation of biochemical and biophysical parameters and to the evaluation of ecosystem functions. Optical remote sensing, especially hyperspectral remote sensing, is aimed at retrieving the spectral characteristics of leaves, quantified by leaf area index, specific leaf area, and cross-correlogram, which are determined by the internal biochemical structure and pigments content of leaves. In the context of the remote sensing of bioparameters, physically based models have been used in the forward mode to calculate leaf or canopy reflectance and transmittance and in the inversion mode to estimate leaf or canopy chemical and physical properties.

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
626. Hydrogen transfer. Part XIV. The quinone cyclodehydrogenation of acids and alcohols

A. M. Creighton and L. M. Jackman, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 3138 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600003138

Topic: Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
St Georg modular knee prosthesis. A two-and-a-half to six-year follow-up

The St Georg modular knee replacement has been studied in 59 cases with an observation period ranging from 28 to 73 months. In 47% of the knees both compartments were replaced; five of the six poor results were in this group. These were revised to a hinge arthroplasty or, in one case, to an arthrodesis. Other complications were few and insignificant. There were no infections. We concluded that unicompartmental knee arthroplasty can be recommended when joint involvement is localised to one compartment only. With more generalised joint disease we prefer a semiconstrained total condylar prosthesis.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Figure 9 in Review of Giuris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific islands, with description of three new species

Figure 9. – Giuris tolsoni, MNHN 2015-0323; Philippines (MNHN, Photo P. Keith).

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mathematical modeling of hydrogen evolution at a rotating disk electrode

The model is based on the concept of semi-infinite boundary conditions with nonlinear convection-diffusion equations. Using the newest analytical approach the convection-diffusion equations problem has been solved. Approximate analytical representation for both the levels of hydrogen and hydroxide ion of the reactants is acquired. Numerical solutions are best achieved using the Matlab software, and the acceptable consensus is compared with the analytical solution.

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Subfield: Electrochemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular Basis of Lymphomagenesis in B-cell Maturation

Molecular Basis of Lymphomagenesis in B-cell MaturationHumanlymphoid neoplasms represent multiple diseases, comprising 30 or more subtypes.These entities have been re-

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Helical Polyacetylene Films in Homeotropic Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract Vertically aligned helical polyacetylene thin films were synthesized by adding a chiral dopant into homeotropic nematic LC solvent to induce chiral nematic phase with homeotropic orientation. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that twisted polyacetylene fibrils are grown along the direction of film thickness, giving vertically aligned helical fibrillar morphology.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Individual pitch control design of wind turbines for load reduction using

The modern large wind turbines (WTs) are subject to large asymmetric loads, as a result of rotational wind field sampling, wind shear, tower shadow and yaw misalignment. Such asymmetric loads will produce large fatigue damage to blades, hub, shaft and yaw bearing. To mitigate such problem, sliding mode control (SMC) is applied to design individual pitch control (IPC) strategy of WTs in this paper. First, an extended linear model of WT accounting for dynamics of actuators and integral of output errors is derived for control design. Afterwards, a SMC-based IPC strategy is proposed for asymmetric load reduction. Poles assignment method is used to design the SMC switching function, and terminal sliding mode method is utilized to obtain the control law. Finally, the control performance of proposed method is compared to traditional collective pitch control (CPC) and proportional-integral (PI)-based IPC through simulations using FAST software. The simulation results show that the proposed SMC-based IPC can further reduce asymmetric loads compared to CPC and PI-based IPC in both steady and turbulent wind conditions.

Topic: Wind Energy Research and Development
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DD-001 Evaluation of the implementation of the automated medication organisation (2009–2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The increasing attention to patient safety and the rejected medication organisation by the healthcare inspection in 2008 has led to implementation of an automated medication organisation. Medication distribution is based on a computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and individual medication is distributed daily by the pharmacy. The centralised pharmacy is organised using ARX-ROWA to store medication and Sinteco to produce individual medication rings. The medication for a therapy change or a new patient is provided by a computerised medication cabinet (VANAS). <h3>Purpose</h3> This investigation aimed to compare the organisation of medication distribution before (2009) and after implementation (2015) of an automated medication distribution system. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Medication organisation audits were performed in 2009 and 2015. The legal requirements of the prescription, administration schedule, agreement between prescription and administration schedule, patient medication on the nurse ward (the correct identification of the medication name, dose, expiry date and patient name), medication administration and distribution were investigated. The obtained data were processed in Excel. <h3>Results</h3> The prescriptions that fulfilled the legal requirements increased: 4/87 (4.6%) in 2009, 195/236 (83%) in 2015. The correct administration schedules increased: 45/87 (52%) in 2009, 220/236 (93%) in 2015. Implementation of the CPOE resulted in complete agreement between the prescription and administration schedule. The correct medication identification on the nurse ward increased: 21/87 (24%) in 2009, 65/87 (79%) in 2015. No expired medicines were detected. The administration registration increased: 74/87 (85%) in 2009, 224/236 (95%) in 2015. In 2015 the administration time was verified. In 2015, 285/338 (84%) of the medication was distributed patient specific, 22/338 (7%) provided by the computerised medication cabinet and 31/338 (9%) provided by the nurse ward. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Implementation of the automated medication distribution resulted in complete agreement between the prescription and the administration schedule and an increased presence of correct medication on the nurse ward. The automated medication organisation contributed to improved patient safety. In future, bedside scanning should be implemented to close the medication circle, and efforts have to be made to increase the results obtained. No conflict of interest

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The (Im)possibility of Global Citizenship Education in School Geography

Despite increasing concerns about the politics of curriculum for certain ideologies of global citizenship, there is scant literature focusing on critical understandings of school geography in relation to global citizenship (GC). This article examines the complicit relationship between dominant discourses of GC and South Korean curriculum policy and world geography textbooks. The language of global others is analyzed via postcolonial and post-structural thinking. Four themes of modernity, dichotomization, discrimination, and objectification emerge. This article articulates the ways in which these link closely to Western discourses of GC by legitimating certain types of geographical thinking while obscuring others.

Topic: Global Education and Multiculturalism
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
N-Methylated Derivatives of Tyramine in <i>Citrus</i> Genus Plants: Identification of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Trimethyltyramine (Candicine)

The distribution of tyramine and its methylated derivatives, N-methyltyramine and N,N-dimethyltyramine, was investigated in tissue parts (leaves and fruits) of several plants of Citrus genus by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In the course of our study we discovered the occurrence of N,N,N-trimethyltyramine in all citrus plants examined. This quaternary ammonium compound, known to act in animals as a neurotoxin, was recognized and characterized by mass spectrometric analysis. The substance, never described before in the Citrus genus, is also known as candicine or maltoxin. Results indicate that N,N,N-trimethyltyramine is consistently expressed in leaves of clementine, bitter orange, and lemon. Conversely, low levels were found in the leaves of orange, mandarin, chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia), bergamot, citron, and pomelo. In the edible part of the fruits, N,N,N-trimethyltyramine was found at trace levels.

Topic: Biochemical and biochemical processes
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Entrepreneurs’ decision making under different levels of uncertainty: the role of emotions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurs’ investment decisions under uncertainty in continued investments where the authors test the role of emotions to continue or discontinue the investment. Design/methodology/approach – A conjoint analysis is carried out on 101 entrepreneurs’ 3,232 investment decisions. The entrepreneurs were provided with a scenario of an investment where the dependent variable was the entrepreneur's propensity to allocate further resources to the described investment. They assessed their willingness to allocate further resources to the investment on a seven-point Likert-type scale. The independent variables in the experiment were the experienced emotions of the entrepreneur each of which was described by the two levels of high and low. Findings – It was found that self-confidence, challenge, and hope increase the propensity to continue investments as do increased level of uncertainty. Embarrassment and strain do not increase this propensity, however, high uncertainty decreases the propensity to continue investments. In contrast to the escalation of commitment theory, embarrassment does not make entrepreneurs more prone to invest under uncertainty. Frustration does not yield significant results, which runs contrary to the theory and the hypothesis finds no support. Research limitations/implications – The paper focussed on a limited number of emotions, and also on one specific moderating factor that impacts the effect of these emotions on the investment decision. Practical implications – To understand the role of their emotions in investment decisions under different levels of uncertainty may help entrepreneurs to improve the quality of their decision making. Originality/value – This study is an experiment where practitioner entrepreneurs participate which increases the ecological validity of the study. Emotions can explain, partly, why entrepreneurs persist with some underperforming projects, but not others. Uncertainty is a powerful moderating variable in the decision-making process. The results enhance existing knowledge about the emotive side of entrepreneurs’ propensity to make investment decisions under uncertainty. The results also supplement and refine existing theories on self-justification.

Topic: Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Subfield: General Decision Sciences
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences