jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consistency and prognostic value of preoperative staging and postoperative pathological staging using 18 F-FDG PET/MRI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Background In recent years, PET/MRI has been used clinically as a method to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no study has shown the usefulness of PET/MRI for lung tumor staging or its consistency with pathological staging compared to CT. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of staging and prognostic ability of NSCLC patients using thin-section CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI. Methods This retrospective study was performed on consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent both diagnostic CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI before surgery between November 2015 and May 2019. The cTNM staging yielded from PET/MRI was compared with CT and pathological staging, and concordance was investigated. To assess the prognostic value of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), we dichotomized the typical prognostic factors and TNM classification staging (Stage I vs. Stage II or higher). Kaplan-Meier curves derived by the log-rank test were generated, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with DFS and OS. Results A total of 82 subjects were included; PET/MRI staging was more consistent (59 of 82) with pathological staging than with CT staging. There were a total of 21 cases of CT and 11 cases of PET/MRI that were judged as cStage I but were actually pStage II or pStage III. CT tended to judge pN0 as cN1 or cN2 compared to PET/MRI. There was a significant difference between NSCLC patients with Stage I and Stage II or higher by PET/MRI staging as well as prognosis prediction of DFS by pathological staging ( P &lt; 0.001). In univariate analysis, PET/MRI, CT, and pathological staging (Stage I or lower vs. Stage II or higher) all showed significant differences. In multivariate analysis, pathological staging was the only independent factor for recurrence ( P = 0.009), and preoperative PET/MRI staging was a predictor of patient survival ( P = 0.013). Conclusions In NSCLC, pathologic staging was better at predicting recurrence, and preoperative PET/MRI staging was better at predicting the patients’ survival. Preoperative staging by PET/MRI was superior to CT in diagnosing hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases, which contributed to the high concordance with pathologic staging.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Resonant power converter control for industrial magnetron

High voltage DC power supplies have been used in a wide range of applications such as Radio Frequency (RF) tube drives, industrial, military, aerospace, medical, and domestic applications. Recently as a result of advances in power electronics and magnetic materials, development of compact high voltage DC power supplies has become an active area of research, and resonant power converters have been introduced as a promising solution, owing to their potential for high efficiency and high power density. Several resonant converter topologies have been investigated to be used as modulators for supplying RF tubes (i.e. Magnetrons, Klystrons, and Traveling Wave Tubes) for various applications. The main aim of this study is to develop a control methodology for maintaining soft switching of a series resonant series loaded (SRSL) power converter based modulator for driving an industrial magnetron with variable load conditions. This thesis considers the design of a high voltage, high frequency, compact power supply for applications where the load is variable and/or nonlinear. One particular application where this is the case is when driving an industrial magnetron with a variable output RF energy requirement. The magnetron appears to the resonant converter as a variable load which can negatively affect the efficiency of the power conversion unless control of the converter is carefully considered. A compact power supply based on the SRSL resonant converter with an extended combined phase and frequency control is proposed. A novel control method based on three dimensional (3D) lookup tables has been developed, in order to control the load resonant converter whilst maintaining soft switching under variable load conditions. A direct quadrature (DQ) based modelling approach is used to develop a suitable model of the converter for control design. Based on the characteristics of the magnetron, an emulator prototype is also proposed to represent the magnetron load behavior in a low voltage laboratory environment. A detailed design and implementation procedure is presented, including the hardware design and control of the resonant power converter and the magnetron emulator. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the approach and in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter modelling approach and control strategy. A good correlation between simulation and experimental results is obtained.

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Specifics of the distribution of commercial fishes in the northwestern Bering Sea

Data of trawling censuses (1996–2005) are used to analyze the specifics of the distribution of commercial fishes present in the northwestern Bering Sea in summer and autumn and forming accumulations in the waters of the Olyutorsky-Navarin region. Areas with maximum fish density usually have a temperature range of 2.4–4.0°C in near-bottom water layers; they are observed in the same localities, with some interannual variation: in the middle shelf, with depths of 50–160 m southwest of Cape Navarin to Cape Khaiidin and between the Dezhneva Bay and Expeditsii Bay, and in waters of the continental slope adjacent to the first area, with depths over 270 m. The accumulations on the shelf mainly consist of such commercial species as the Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, saffron cod Eleginus gracilis, northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, and righteye flounders of the genus Hippoglossoides (H. robustus and H. elassodon); on the continental slope, they consist mainly of the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. The recorded density of fish in the Olyutorsky-Navarin region was the highest in 2004–2005 and the lowest in 1999, 2001, and 2002. This variation was determined mainly by the interannual variation in the fishing for cods (Gadidae), which reflected the emergence of abundant generations and migration activity in fishes of this family, as well as from differences in the efficiency of fishing gear. Fishing for many species can and should be performed simultaneously; special attention should be paid to the coastal areas of the Olyutorsky-Navarin region, where considerable fish resources (such as the saffron cod, Pacific halibut, and other righteye flounders) are present.

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Red blood cell aggredation: mechanisms, adrenergic regulation].

Red blood cell aggregation is a complex multiple-factor process and exerts a substantial effect on realization of basic blood function: oxygen transport. Insufficient knowledge about mechanisms of erythrocyte aggregation in normal conditions and, especially, in pathological conditions, complicates the control and correction of possible negative consequences of this process. On addition, red blood cell aggregation process is a suitable model for the elucidation of basic patterns of intercellular interactions. The paper presents contemporary data on mechanisms of erythrocyte aggregation and contribution of plasma and membrane erythrocyte properties to this process. Currently available data on intracellular signal pathways are discussed.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Why Do Migrant Workers Intend to Extend Their Stay in Host Countries? The Case of Bangladeshi Workers in Malaysia's Manufacturing Sector

This article explores various factors resulting in temporary migrant workers' decisions to extend their stay in host countries by means of a case study of Bangladeshi factory workers in Malaysia. The employment mediation and passage fees paid to brokers and agents by Bangladeshi workers are very large compared with general living standards in Bangladesh. These large sums are increasing steadily as the number of persons desiring to work overseas increases. Malpractice by brokers and agents causes Bangladeshi workers to overestimate the amount of remittances they can send home, and hence they pay higher mediation and passage fees to brokers or agents. From a humanitarian point of view, the Government should strictly regulate the activities of agents and brokers and provide accurate information to those who plan to work in Malaysia. Statistical analysis suggests that the lower real remittances fall below the expected amounts, and the lower real wages are, compared with passage and mediation fees, the more will Bangladeshi workers wish to extend their stay. These facts imply that if future Bangladeshi migrant workers to Malaysia have the correct information about income levels and living expenses in Malaysia, and hence mediation and passage fees become cheaper, the likelihood of their intending to extend their stays will be much lower.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polypoid lesions of the sigmoid colon: a comparison of single-contrast, double-contrast, and biphasic examinations.

The single-contrast (SC), double-contrast (DC), and biphasic examinations of the sigmoid colon in 51 patients with histologically proved sigmoid polyps 1.0 cm or greater in diameter were reviewed. In each case the polyps were radiographically detected and visualized by endoscopy. The radiographs of 49 patients without sigmoid polyps were similarly reviewed. The biphasic approach was significantly superior to the single-contrast examination in the detection of sigmoid polyps (p less than 0.05). The differences between SC and DC examinations as well as between DC and biphasic examinations were not significant. In the presence of diverticulosis, however, the biphasic approach proved to be significantly more sensitive than the DC examination. The greater sensitivity of the biphasic examination compared with SC was of borderline significance. It is concluded that in the presence of diverticulosis a combination of single- and double-contrast techniques can improve the sensitivity of the examination significantly in the detection of polypoid lesions.

Topic: Diverticular Disease and Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Peculiarities of the development and seasonal dynamics of the activity of epigean beetles of the Polyphaga suborder (Coleoptera) in fields of winter wheat in the conditions of Southern Ukraine

In total, 168 beetle species from 25 families of the suborder Polyphaga have been recorded on winter wheat crops. 116 species (about 20 families) are registered as stratobionts: 14 were dominants, 32 – subdominants and about 70 species were very rare. The main representatives of stratobios were Staphylinidae, Silphidae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, some Elateridae and Scarabaeidae and most Tenebrionidae. Most staphylinids are more numerous in spring (late April – first half of May) and sometimes in summer (especially dominant Tachyporus hypnorum). A high number of Silphidae was noted by mid-May, but decreased in the summer months. Two peaks of abundance are characteristic of Anthicidae, Latridiidae and Cryptophagidae: the smaller in spring (the first half of May) and the maximum in summer (the second half of June – early July). The number of Dermestidae increases gradually from mid-May and reaches maximum from late May to early or mid-June. Among Tenebrionidae, the species of genera Opatrum and Gonocepalum are more numerous in spring than in summer. Crypticus quisquilius were numerous by mid-summer. Among Elateridae, high number of Agriotes sputator was recorded from May to mid-June, and the appearance of Aelosomus rossi was recorded from mid-April, with a peak in the first half of summer. In spring, some Scarabaeidae (some species of Geotrupinae and Pentodon idiota), Histeridae and some species of weevils were more numerous in summer. In years with different meteorological conditions, significant discrepancies were noted in the timing of the rise and fall in the number of many beetles. But smaller differences in the number of specimens are noted between different years in comparision with individual phases of wheat vegetation. Some features of the sex index of beetles (higher during egg laying) and the development of dominant species are briefly considered.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Flexibilisation, deregulation and working time: a gendered question: evidence from Spain

The central aim of this book is to consider to what extent changes in organisations and in the nature of jobs are compatible with the need, increasingly expressed by employees, for greater integration between work and family life. The book questions what sort of dilemmas modern and future employees face, in terms of shaping their careers and organising their lives at home. The authors formulate answers to these problematic questions by shedding light on relevant developments in the European labour markets, the European workplaces, in (flexible) working patterns, changing preferences for working hours and in gender relations at work.

Topic: Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Violations of basic deliberative norms: The systemic turn and problems of inclusion

What is the appropriate way to respond to actions that break basic norms of respectfulness, sincerity, and public-mindedness? At the same time as this question has become a central concern for democratic societies, a ‘systemic’ turn has unsettled established solutions for democratic theorists. From the systemic perspective, it is more important how actions contribute to public discourse than whether they meet standards of deliberation individually. This article challenges theorists to consider three additional propositions: (1) to be inclusive and deliberative, the system and its parts must be mutually supportive; (2) well-performing systems have sufficient reflective capacity to examine their own deficiencies when violations of basic norms occur; and (3) the performance of a deliberative system needs to take into account both the frequency of violations and the reflective qualities of the system’s response. For a well-performing system, violations of basic norms are opportunities to learn and strengthen the support for spaces of deliberation.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multimodal Graph-based Transformer Framework for Biomedical Relation\n Extraction

The recent advancement of pre-trained Transformer models has propelled the\ndevelopment of effective text mining models across various biomedical tasks.\nHowever, these models are primarily learned on the textual data and often lack\nthe domain knowledge of the entities to capture the context beyond the\nsentence. In this study, we introduced a novel framework that enables the model\nto learn multi-omnics biological information about entities (proteins) with the\nhelp of additional multi-modal cues like molecular structure. Towards this,\nrather developing modality-specific architectures, we devise a generalized and\noptimized graph based multi-modal learning mechanism that utilizes the\nGraphBERT model to encode the textual and molecular structure information and\nexploit the underlying features of various modalities to enable end-to-end\nlearning. We evaluated our proposed method on ProteinProtein Interaction task\nfrom the biomedical corpus, where our proposed generalized approach is observed\nto be benefited by the additional domain-specific modality.\n

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Investigation of Well Cement Integrity in Decommissioned Oil and Gas Wells – The Effect of Water and Oil Contamination

Abstract During the cement plug placement phase of well decommissioning, the cement slurry is at risk of intermixing with the wellbore fluids, which may impact the performance and isolation capabilities of the resulting cement plug. In this study, we investigated the sealing performance of the cement plugs, which are contaminated with different wellbore fluids. Two cement blends were used: neat API class G cement and an engineered API Class G cement with additives for optimal performance. Two types of contaminants were investigated: water to mimic fluids used by decommissioning rigs and light crude oil to mimic residual produced hydrocarbons. The contaminants were added to the slurry at varying levels (12.5% and 25% v/v for water and 2.5% v/v for light crude oil). The contaminated blends were cured inside a bench-scale wellbore simulator under ambient temperature and 6.89 MPa for 7 days. The isolation performance of the contaminated plug was assessed by conducting water flow tests. For the neat API Class G cement plug, the water flow rates through the 25% water contaminated plug were an order of magnitude higher than the flow rates through the uncontaminated plug. Visual inspection of the possible flow paths by Nitrogen injection revealed that Nitrogen gas was flowing at the cement-casing interface. For the API class G cement plug with additives, water flow rates through 25% water contaminated plug were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the uncontaminated cement plug. Contamination with water in this blend created a different failure mode with Nitrogen flowing through the matrix of the cement. An oil contamination of 2.5% of both the neat API class G and API class G+ additives cement had little to no effect on their isolation capabilities as long as the fluid injection pressure and confining pressure are the same and kept at the level of curing condition (i.e. 6.89 MPa, no change in effective stress). When the effective stress on the cement plug is changed, (by reducing the confining pressure down to atmospheric pressure, while keeping the injection pressure constant at 6.89 MPa), sealing ability of both the original and the uncontaminated cement plugs deteriorated. The contaminated plugs lost more of their sealing capabilities when compared to the uncontaminated plug. These results indicate that the effective stress (not the oil contamination) was the main controlling factor for the deterioration of cement plug sealing performance with oil contamination only having a small effect.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Data from MCPIP1 Selectively Destabilizes Transcripts Associated with an Antiapoptotic Gene Expression Program in Breast Cancer Cells That Can Elicit Complete Tumor Regression

Supplementary Data from MCPIP1 Selectively Destabilizes Transcripts Associated with an Antiapoptotic Gene Expression Program in Breast Cancer Cells That Can Elicit Complete Tumor Regression

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anthops omatus Thomas 1888

23. Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat <i>Anthops omatus</i> <b>French:</b> Anthopse des Salomen / <b>German:</b> Blumennasenfledermaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Anthops de Salomon <b>Other common names:</b> lower-faced Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Anthops omatus Thomas, 1888, “Aola, Guadalcanar [= Guadalcanal Island], Solomon Islands.” This species is monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida, and Guadacanal). <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head—body 46-6— 61 mm, tail 3-6-5 mm, ear 16-5-22 mm, hindfoot 9-5— 11 mm, forearm 48—53 mm; weight 8 g. The Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat has complex noseleaf with two supplementary leaflets and tridentate margin in posterior leaf, which is composed of three projections that rise, forming spherical cups. Tail is short, not reaching half of external border of membrane. On dorsum, base of pelage is black turning to silver and finishing again with black; fur of ventral part is also black-based changing to silver. Dental formula is I 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. <b>Habitat.</b> Reported in primary lowland tropical forest as well as around human villages, flying close to buildings and houses. It can occur from sea level up to 200 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> The Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat is thought to be a foliage-gleaning insectivore. <b>Breeding.</b> Females probably give birth around November, as a female with a neonate was captured in this month. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat has not yet been encountered roosting in caves, and may be a tree-dweller. Echolocation call frequency is c.75 kHz. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCNRed List. Population size and trends of the Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat are not yet known. Even so, there is probably not a strong fragmentation of its population. There seem to be no major threats to this species, although it might be increasingly affected by habitat loss. More research is needed to assess and study its population status and ecology. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bonaccorso (1998), Collen (2012), Hamilton (2008a), Lavery eta/. (2013), Miller (1907).

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A thousand years of human impact in the northern Scandinavian mountain range: Long-lasting effects on forest lines and vegetation

The vegetation history has been examined by pollen, microscopic and macroscopic charcoal analyses in the vicinity of two alpine Stállo settlement sites and one forested ‘Reference area’ with no settlement remains in northwestern Sweden in the northern part of the Scandinavian mountain range. The acquired data provide indications of the effects of human activities on local vegetation during the settlement phase, and on ecological processes in both long- and short-term perspectives. The results show that one settlement site, Gieddeålge, was established just above the forest line in the Betula treeline zone, and the other, Varenodjukke, in the Betula forest. At Gieddeålge an increase in herbs and graminoids appears to have occurred c. 700 cal. BP (during the thirteenth century) suggesting that the vegetation was altered by nutrient addition, most likely related to human activities associated with the settlement. At Varenodjukke, the Betula trees around the settlement were cut down and the site developed into an alpine heath dominated by Betula nana, which still characterizes the site today. In the Reference area evidence of changes to the vegetation probably caused by human impact was also found from c. 3500 to 700 cal. BP. In conclusion, the vegetation currently present at Gieddeålge and Varenodjukke has been strongly influenced by previous human activities, which have clearly had profound effects, both short and long term, on the composition of the vegetation and the properties of the ecosystems in these areas. Further, when studying processes, such as anticipated global warming that will influence future patterns of vegetation in these forest-line areas, legacies of land use must be taken into consideration.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences