jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Barium in sediments off northwest Africa: A tracer for paleoproductivity or meltwater events?

High‐resolution down‐core analyses of the solid phase content of total barium (Ba tot ) and total organic carbon (TOC) back to 25 kyr B.P. were performed on a gravity core from the upper continental slope off Cape Yubi (Morocco). The observed discrepancy between the two potential paleoproductivity proxies, Ba tot and TOC, initiated supplementary examinations of the pore water, the geochemistry of the clay fraction, X‐ray diffraction analyses, and the application of a sequential Ba extraction method of selected samples. Additionally, we analyzed down‐core samples of the planktonic foraminifera Turborotalita quinqueloba and Globorotalia inflata for their Ba/Ca ratios. These analyses, which were performed for the first time on these species, were used to reconstruct past oceanic Ba concentrations. We suggest that in the study area, which is characterized by high accumulation rates, the preserved TOC content is a valuable proxy for past primary productivity, whereas the solid phase Ba tot contents appear to be affected by other mechanisms and factors. Peaks of total barium content in the clay fraction and of Ba/Ca ratios in the planktonic foraminifera shells found during the Younger Dryas and the Heinrich 1 event are likely to result from increased meltwater influx into the northern North Atlantic. We suggest that Ba‐enriched meltwater was transmitted by the eastern boundary current system from higher latitudes to the region of the Canary Islands. Total barium contents of the clay fraction (Ba tot,clay ) and Ba/Ca in planktonic foraminifera shells seem to be reliable proxies for this discharge of meltwater.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Shrub and Herb Continua of Upland Forests of Northern New Jersey

The shrub and herb strata of 55 upland forest stands in northern New Jersey were studied. For the herbs, frequency and cover data were gathered by means of 0.5 x 2 m quadrats; for the shrubs, cover and frequency data were gathered on 5-rn line transects. Data were obtained from 36 to 48 points in each stand. Importance values were so calculated based on relative cover and relative frequency for shrubs and herbs as to give a total of 200. Using the method of leading dominants, climax adaptation numbers (ranging from 1 to 10) were assigned to 194 herbaceous taxa and 45 shrub taxa. The terminal shrub species were Lindera benzoin (10) and Gaylussacia baccata (1). The terminal herb species were Arisaema triphyllum (10) and Gaultheria procumbens (1). A continuum index number was calculated for each stand, with a possible range of 10 to 100. The shrub continuum shows a wide range of stand composition reflecting the broad spectrum of habitat conditions in the area, the index numbers ranging from 33-100. The herb continuum did not show as broad a pattern as did the shrubs, the continuum index numbers for stands based on the herbaceous layer ranging from 19 to 69. This was interpreted as primarily the result of (1) persistence in mesic forests of clonal relicts representative of earlier successional stages, the result being a dilution' effect on the true mesophytic forest herb composition of a stand and (2) the frequent disturbance, characteristic of the forests of northern New Jersey principally through wind throw and drought, which results in establishment of herbaceous species more characteristic of earlier successional stages.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
APPLICATION OF WAVELET ANALYSIS TO TRACK IRREGULARITIES AND VEHICLE VIBRATION

ウェーブレット解析は非定常波形の時刻暦データに対して平均的な値ではなく時間ごとの周波数特性を得られることから,近年,数学,物理学,医学などの分野でよく用いられている.鉄道保線分野においても軌道狂い波形と車両動揺の地点ごとの波長や振幅を推定するために空間周波数解析としてウェーブレット解析の適用が望まれる.本研究は,その基礎的な段階として,通り狂い波形と車両の左右動揺における加速度波形に対してウェーブレット解析により卓越した振幅とその発生地点および波長の関係を求めた.この解析結果と現場との比較や波形相互の対比からウェーブレット解析が有効な手法であることを明らかにした.

Topic: Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pigmentary Glaucoma

This chapter presents an overview of Pigmentary glaucoma that describes a pathological elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), which occurs as a result of the proliferation and accumulation of cells containing melanin in the aqueous outflow tracts. Symptoms are generally bilateral, although not always symmetrical and comprise the visible accumulation of pigment within the scleral/episcleral, corneal, and/or uveal tissues as well as any combination of corneal edema, blepharospasm, episcleral injection, visual deficits, blindness, and/or buphthalmos. Commonly affected breeds include the Cairn Terrier, Boxer, and Labrador Retriever. The diagnosis of pigmentary glaucoma is made on the basis of clinical findings as well as evaluation of IOP using a tonometer. Typical changes include the irregular, dense pigmentation of scleral tissues, which overlie the ciliary body. Palliative management of affected patients comprises medical and/or surgical treatment of elevated IOP. Unfortunately, however, disease progression frequently means that a procedure of comfort is ultimately required.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Homogeneity of Two Semisolid Formulations Using Simple In-tube Mixing Method

To accelerate therapeutic effects, the mixtures of two or more topical pharmaceutical products having different medicinal purposes are often applied in the medical field. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple mixing method/procedure to achieve excellent homogeneity in the mixture of two topical products, a steroidal ointment and a skin moisturizer. To assess an in-tube mixing method as a simple mixing procedure, we injected both topical products into an empty resin tube, a flexible hollow tube with an open end that can be closed on one side, and a closed end on the other, removed as less air as possible inside the tube, and then thermocompressed (sealed) the open end to close it. The two topical products were then mixed uniformly by repeated finger pressure along the longitudinal axis of the tube. The homogeneity of the two topical products in the tube was evaluated by measuring the content of methyl paraoxybenzoate (MP), an additive loaded in the skin moisturizer. In addition, the mixability was qualitatively evaluated from the distribution of white petrolatum, another additive loaded in the steroid ointment, using Raman spectroscopy. As a result, the measured value of MP relative to the label claim was in the range of 100±12%, and the coefficients of variation value was also less than 12%. These results indicate that the in-tube mixing method using two topical products is approximately hologenetic preparations that do not cause therapeutic problems.

Topic: Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of gas flow on a helium/oxygen endoscopic plasma jet

Abstract This experimental study characterized the effect of carrier gas flow on an endoscopic plasma jet. This system generates and transports helium plasma in a tube over several meters, along with a separate channel transporting oxygen to enhance plasma reactivity on site. The resulting plasma plume exiting the tube allows treatment of tissue surfaces in an endoscopic setting with a view to perform therapeutic operations in the gastrointestinal tract. In a closed cavity simulating the tract, the carrier gas flow was studied by a combined approach investigating plasma plume chemistry, fluid dynamics, and plasma effects on the surface of a hydrogel tissue model reporting oxidation. These three aspects are shown to be closely inter-related. Plasma plume length, intensity, and shape strongly depend on helium content, velocity, turbulence, and environment. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to show that the helium gas flow rate increases the amount of helium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plume. Schlieren imaging was used to visualize the transition of the fluid from buoyant to laminar and finally turbulent depending on flow rate, with a backflow in a closed cavity. Finally, the frontal and radial treatment of the cavity was assessed by measuring ROS delivery to a KI-starch agarose gel model. Helium flow rate had a noticeable effect on the treatment distribution profile and treatment intensity, with different maxima for frontal and radial treatments. This combined approach, in an accurate simulation of the target configuration (i.e. a closed, cylindrical cavity), is necessary to optimize treatment, as its outcome depends on a balance between ROS production, transport, and distribution.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Envelope of Biregularity and OConvexity in Clifford Analysis

This chapter defines the envelope of biregularity of the Riemann's domain and proves its O-convexity by Clifford analysis. It describes the theorems related to the envelope of biregularity by using the Brackx-Pincket's Lemma.

Topic: Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies of Binary Star Cluster Candidates in the Bar of the LMC. I: SL 353 & SL 349

We present a detailed study of the cluster pair SL 353 & SL 349. This candidate binary cluster is located at the northwestern rim of the LMC bar. Based on photometric data we find that both clusters are coeval with an age of 550 +/- 100 Myr. We use the Ca II triplet in the spectra of individual red giants to derive radial velocities. Both components of the binary cluster candidate show very similar mean velocities (approx. 274 +/- 10 km/sec for SL 349 and approx. 279 +/- 4 km/sec for SL 353) while the field stars show lower velocities (approx. 240 +/- 19 km/sec). These findings suggest a common origin of the two clusters from the same GMC. In this sense the cluster pair may constitute a true binary cluster. We furthermore investigate the stellar densities in and around the star clusters and compare them with isopleths created from artificial, interacting as well as non-interacting star clusters. Gravitational interaction leads to a distortion which can also be found in the observed pair.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AT THE LEVEL OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

У статті обгрунтовується доцільність формування інструментарію фінансово-економічного стимулювання органічного сільськогосподарського виробництва на рівні об'єднаних територіальних громад у зв'язку з поглибленням процесів децентралізації. Дослідження показали, що інструментарій фінансово-економічного стимулювання суб'єктів органічного сільськогосподарського підприємництва на рівні територіальних громад являє собою сукупність методів, важелів, інструментів та підойм регуляторного впливу на виробників органічної сільськогосподарської продукції, що дасть можливість сформувати необхідні інституціональні, фінансові та кон'юнктурні передумови для розширеного відтворення потенціалу органічного землеробства, кормовиробництва та тваринництва. Встановлено, що основними фінансовими стимулами мають виступати фіскальні та бюджетні інструменти підтримки виробників органічної сільськогосподарської продукції, що зумовлено розширенням реальної бази наповнення бюджетів місцевого самоврядування та розширенням спектра податкових платежів, які концентруються на місцевому рівні. Обгрунтовано, що основними фіскальними стимулами мають виступати: надання пільг при сплаті земельного податку та орендної плати землекористувачам, які використовують земельні масиви для органічного землеробства та скотарства; звільнення від сплати земельного податку та орендної плати землекористувачів, які впроваджують технології органічного сільськогосподарського виробництва; звільнення від сплати інших місцевих податків та зборів; податкові канікули. Встановлено, що спектр бюджетних стимулів повинен охоплювати: оплату вартості трансакцій із земельними ділянками; компенсацію та відшкодування втрат внаслідок запровадження технологій органічного землеробства, кормовиробництва та тваринництва; фінансову підтримку використання методів та технологій грунтозахисного землеробства та інших складових органічного сільськогосподарського виробництва; надання фінансової допомоги для формування матеріально-технічної бази зберігання органічної продукції. Доведено, що фінансові стимули мають доповнюватися інституційно-дорадчими та майновими стимулами, які формуватимуть просторовий базис для розширеного відтворення органічного сільськогосподарського виробництва та забезпечуватимуть донесення належної інформації про переваги даного виду діяльності для суб'єктів аграрного бізнесу. Встановлено, що результативність використання інституційно-дорадчих стимулів для активізації органічного сільськогосподарського виробництва залежить від ефективності функціонування інститутів сільськогосподарського дорадництва.

Topic: Agriculture Market Analysis Ukraine
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2255823: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of biological control agents on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi Rhizophagus clarus in soybean rhizosphere

Microbial activity in the rhizosphere is essential for nutrient cycling, which can contribute to soil fertility and plant growth. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of two biological control agents (Trichoderma sp. and Beauveria sp.) on the functional groups of microorganisms in the soybean (Glycine max) rhizosphere and plant growth. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, and five replicates with one plant per pot (1000 mL), containing a mixture of soil: sand (4:1), were harvested and microbial communities evaluated at 7, 21, 45 and 60 days after soybean germination. The populations of heterotrophic bactéria (HBP), saprophytic fungi (SFP), fluorescent pseudomonads (PFP) and the functional groups of microorganisms related to carbon cycling [proteolytics (PP), amylolytics (AP) and cellulolytics (CP)], nitrogen cycling [dry weight of nodules (DWM)], and phosphorus cycling [AM fungi colonization (AM)] were estimated. A soil sample (1 g) was taken from the homogenized rhizosphere soil to estimate the culturable microbial community size. Samples were suspended in 9 mL of sterile saline (0.85%) and aliquots (50 ?L) of ten-fold dilutions spread on the respective culture medium. Plates were incubated at 28 °C and CFU were counted. The results showed that biological controls agents such as Trichoderma sp. and Beauveria sp. presented diferente effects on microbial community and Rhizophagus clarus colonization. Trichoderma sp. had positive influence on plant growth and soil microbial community, except for AM fungi. However, Beauveria sp. showed no significant differences in all evaluations, including plant growth.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Respiratory symptoms among search and rescue workers who responded to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake.

OBJECTIVES: High respiratory hazards among search and rescue workers (SRWs) emerged after the World Trade Center attacks on 11 September 2001. There have been limited studies on respiratory symptoms among earthquake SRWs. We investigated the respiratory symptoms and the use of respiratory protective equipment among the SRWs who responded to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake.METHODS: On 6 February 2016, a 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan and caused 513 injuries and 117 deaths. During the 9-day field operation, 519 firefighters affiliated with the Tainan City Government Fire Bureau participated in the search and rescue response. A standardised, self-completed questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, dust exposures, personal protective measures and health outcomes 3 weeks after the earthquake. Descriptive and multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics and exposure variables were performed for new or worsened outcomes.RESULTS: Of the 519 SRWs, 414 (80%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these SRWs, 153 (37%) reported new or worsened respiratory symptoms, with cough (23%) as the leading symptom, followed by rhinorrhoea or nasal congestion (22%) and chest tightness (6%). More than 90% of the symptoms persisted to the third week after the earthquake. The prevalence of new or worsened respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among SRWs with a higher level of exposure to dust. Prior training in response to respiratory pollutants was only 5%.CONCLUSIONS: There were significant respiratory hazards among earthquake SRWs. The persistent symptoms and low coverage of training warrant further regular examination and occupational health programmes.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. PMID: 29991497

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD Magnetics_B #181440.1

Magnetic measurements for estimating global parameters and for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study to introduce diamagnetic flux measurement and MHD mode analysis. Various types of magnetic sensors are used; Rogowski coils and magnetic probes inside and ourside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reduction of Glyoxylate by Human Serum

Abstract Glyoxylate is enzymically reduced by human serum. Optimal concentrations of hydrogen ion, substrate, and coenzyme for this reduction by sera from healthy persons and from patients with disease of the heart or liver have been determined at 37°C. At this temperature, the reaction proceeds faster than with pyruvate or 2-oxobutyrate but more slowly than with hydroxypyruvate. Lactate dehydrogenase appears to be the enzyme involved.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic Gesture Recognition Based On Multimodal Fusion Model

Aiming at the problem that the RGB modal is susceptible to illumination, skin color, complex background, and lack of motion information, resulting in low recognition accuracy. A dynamic gesture recognition algorithm based on the joint ResNeXt-3D-CBAM model is proposed. The algorithm uses a 3D convolution kernel to replace the traditional 2D convolution kernel in the ResNeXt network, and effectively extracts the spatiotemporal features of dynamic gestures in RGB, Depth and optical flow data. Then use the method of multi-model fusion to predict dynamic gestures. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can recognize dynamic gestures more accurately. Compared with the traditional single-modal information, the accuracy of dynamic gesture recognition is improved, which verifies the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.

Topic: Hand Gesture Recognition Systems
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interactive Learning Environments

The promise of technology to meet student learning demands, increase employer demand for digital fluency, and provide faculty with a platform for student-centered teaching has fallen short. Colleges must examine new ways to train faculty to use technology in tandem with pedagogy. This chapter illustrates a three-tiered model to close this gap in digital fluency among college faculty, in order to enable a more engaging and student-centered experience for faculty-learners and the students they teach. The three-tiered model, adapted from a blended learning pilot, incorporates critical constructs in technological pedagogical content knowledge integration, the technology acceptance model, and phased faculty development, while offering user-friendly access to digital tools which are appropriate for each tier of the model.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of the Nucleic Acid Extraction Method and the RT-qPCR Assay on SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Viral Samples

COVID-19 was initially reported in China at the end of 2019 and soon thereafter, in March 2020, the WHO declared it a pandemic. Until October 2021, over 240 million COVID-19 cases were recorded, with 4.9 mln deaths. In order to stop the spread of this disease, it is crucial to monitor and detect any infected person. The etiologic agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The gold standard for the detection of the virus is the RT-qPCR method. This study evaluated two RNA extraction methods and four commercial RT-qPCR assays routinely used in diagnostic laboratories for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in human specimens from the upper respiratory tract. We analyzed a panel of 70 clinical samples with varying RNA loads. Our study demonstrated the significant impact of the diagnostic methods selected by the laboratory on the SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical specimens with low viral loads.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences