jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of variations in initial<i>bacillus pumilus</i>spore densities in aqueous TiO<sub>2</sub>suspension and design of a photocatalytic reactor

Abstract Spore‐forming Bacillus pumilus was used as a model for TiO2‐based photocatalysis. Previous results have shown that for different initial spore densities between 104 and 1010 CFU/ml, more inactivation of viable spores in aqueous TiO2 suspension occurred with an increase in spore density. The results were different from published results for different initial concentrations of organic pollutants and non‐spore‐forming organisms (e.g., E. coli). To determine a plausible explanation for the results obtained for the B. pumilus spores, a quantitative analysis has been performed based on the theory of probability. Since hydroxyl radicals (.OH) have been thought to be the primary species responsible for degrading/inactivating contaminants in water, a probabilistic approach will be used to determine quantitatively the likelihood that an interaction, or a collision, between a hydroxyl radical and a B. pumilus spore will occur, or that a hydroxyl radical interacting with a spore is viable. Once a mathematical model is developed and values are determined based on this model, these theoretical values will be compared to the experimental values obtained for each initial B. pumilus spore density. Also, a design of a simple photocatalytic reactor system‐regardless of the amount of initial spore densities present—will be given to determine parameters which could be used to scale‐up to an engineering scale design.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA LINN PENNEL LEAVES ON WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Indomethacin induced ulcers in wistar rats was the main model of investigation of the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira Linn Pennel leaves in which ulcer index was used as the primary parameter. Inhibition of gastric lesions of the ethanolic extract of the leaves was observed at doses of 175mg/kg and 350 mg/kg when taken orally. At these doses, notable reduction in the gastric volume, free acidity and the ulcer index were observed when compared to the control group. From the results obtained, it can be noted that the ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira Linn Pennel leaves have anti-ulcer activity which can also be called as anti-secretory activity.\n\nKey Words: Cissampelos pareira Linn Pennel, anti-ulcer activity, ulcer index, Indomethacin

Topic: Hibiscus Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
ROBUST STABILIZATION OF A QUADROTOR UAV IN PRESENCE OF ACTUATOR AND SENSOR FAULTS

This paper deals with the stabilization problem of an underactuated quadrotor UAV system in presence of actuator and sensor faults. The dynamical model of quadrotor while taking into account various physical phenomena, which can influence the dynamics of a flying structure is presented. Subsequently, a new control strategy based on backstepping approach, taking into account the actuator and sensor faults is developed. Lyapunov based stability analysis shows that the proposed control strategy design keeps the stability of the closed loop dynamics of quadrotor UAV even after the presence of these faults. Simulations of the controlled system, illustrate that the proposed control strategy is able to maintain performance levels and to preserve stability under the occurrence of actuator and sensor faults.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Key-sequence data sets on indelible storage

Methods for creating and maintaining key-sequence data sets without overwriting the storage medium are described. These methods may be applied to erasable or to write-once storage devices, and they are compatible with conventional device error-management techniques. All past values of data records are preserved in a data structure called a Write-Once B-Tree. Rapid random access is available to records by key value; rapid sequential access is available to records in key-sequence order. Moreover, queries requesting data as of a previous time are processed as rapidly as requests for current data. Access time is proportional to the logarithm of the number of current records in the database. Efficient methods for inserting, updating, and deleting records are described. Upper bounds for tree depth and for storage consumption are given and compared with results from simulation. It is concluded that, with rapidly improving storage technologies, indelible databases will become practical for many applications.

Topic: Algorithms and Data Compression
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Noise Management on Modern Wind Turbines

This paper describes the activities in which the wind turbine industry is taking part to reduce the noise emission. The produced noise could risk the development of this technology in populated areas and it has become one of the most important environmental impacts of wind energy. The turbulent nature of the incoming flow, the presence of the terrestrial boundary layer, the elastic deformations and the moving geometry makes the problem difficult to solve. In this context the reasonable alternative is to find semi-empirical methods that could be applied to reduce noise with the time constraints imposed by the market. The beginning of this paper introduces the most relevant noise sources for wind turbines and their theoretical treatment, then the description of the strategies that are used to reduce noise levels are discussed, and finally the current research projects where the industry is participating for noise reduction are presented.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structural inequalities, knife crime: A qualitative study

The importance and impact of youth violence is increasingly being recognised and is a cause of international concern. In the UK, youth violence, specifically knife crime, is on the increase and has resulted in the deaths of many young people. In order to explore the impact of knife crimes on mental health and wellbeing of individuals, a number of focus groups were conducted with 24 professionals from multiple agencies. Qualitative analysis showed various emerging themes, which included ineffective mental health systems, structural violence and inequalities, policing, safety and community engagement, vulnerability and resilience in minority communities. Equity in mental health services, further development and roll-out of public mental health approaches and training accompanied by sufficient resources is needed.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Part I: Port Case Studies

This section consists of six essays that explore local port issues and the effect of the wave of globalisation taking place in the port industry during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The case studies examine the following topics: the international scope of Bordeaux port in relation to the economic cycles of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the Lancashire Cotton Lobby and the making of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1893 to the Interwar Period; Mormugao Port and the gateway to Goa; the competition between the ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam; the environmental impact of ports from an Australian perspective; and a survey of the operations of the port of Kaohsiung.

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Configural Frequency Analysis - Version 2000. A Program for 32 Bit Windows Operating Systems

Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA; Lienert, 1969; von Eye, 1990; von Eye, Spiel, &amp; Wood, 1996) is a method that allows researchers to identify patterns (configurations) of variable categories that occur more often or less often than expected based on some chance model. In the years since 1995, CFA has developed at a rapid rate. Existing pro-grams, for instance the program published by Krauth (1993), even the recently pub-lished SAS CFA macro by Dunkl (1999), have not reflected these developments. This announcement describes a thorough update of the FORTRAN CFA program by von Eye (1998) which includes almost all of the new developments published thus far.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Present Scenario: A Review

Cysticercosis is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most common cause of epilepsy in the areas with improper pig husbandry practices and poor sanitary conditions. In pig the larvae lodges in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue and seldom manifests any clinical sign. In human beings the larval stage resides in the CNS thus leading to the condition Neurocysticercosis. The disease can be diagnosed by using various neuroimaging techniques and immunodiagnostic methods. Available therapeutic options include cysticidal drugs, steroids, anti-epileptic drugs etc. The disease can be controlled by anti-parasitic treatment of the pig and humans residing in endemic areas, vaccinating the pigs, creating awareness and other measures.

Topic: Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expanding access to comprehensive reproductive health and HIV information and services for married adolescent girls in Nyanza Province

The objectives of this operations research study, conducted by the Population Council's APHIA II Operations Research Project in Kenya, were to: 1) identify and design a set of interventions that promote the uptake of comprehensive reproductive health (RH)/family planning (FP) and HIV prevention services and information among married adolescent girls; and 2) expand access to comprehensive RH/FP and HIV prevention services and information among this population. The study demonstrated that the combined use of interactive media and community health worker visitation, health information provision, and referrals, is an effective means of reinforcing RH/FP and HIV messages, and of increasing access to RH/FP and HIV information and services among married girls in rural settings. This method is particularly effective in expanding married adolescent girls' access to family planning, antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care services, and in expanding spousal support for accessing these services. The report outlines some primary recommendations for improving these services.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
IC‐P3‐203: Intranasal administration of pronucleon peptides for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of beta amyloid in Alzheimer's disease

One of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the conversion of a normal soluble protein into insoluble beta amyloid aggregates. Aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta in vivo may precede clinical symptoms by many years. In vivo imaging of amyloid plaques would be beneficial for the following reasons: 1) A potential preclinical diagnostic of AD, 2) Determining the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies, 3) Monitoring effects of AD therapeutics in clinical trials. We previously reported a novel Pronucleon™ peptide technology that specifically measures beta amyloid. The Pronucleon™ peptide undergoes a sequence-specific conformational change in the presence of the amyloid beta aggregates which can be used to measure beta amyloid in CSF and blood. The primary objective is to develop an easily administered imaging agent that will provide an early measure of plaque or amyloid aggregate burden associated with AD. The Pronucleon™ peptide was first examined as an ex vivo stain for amyloid plaques. We have since administered (intranasally) Pronucleon peptides in hAPP transgenic mice that develop extensive plaque pathology. Sections from these mice were subjected to ex vivo analyses including fluorescence, Thioflavin S staining, anti-amyloid staining and anti-GFAP staining. The Pronucleon™ peptides contain fluorescent tags that are sensitive to beta amyloid conformational states and results in the ability to image beta amyloid aggregates with a fluorescent microscope. Ex vivo administration of the Pronucleon™ peptide to tissue section from transgenic mice demonstrates that the peptide labels plaque like material. These, ex vivo, plaque-like images co merge with Thioflavin S staining. Intransal, in vivo, administration of the fluorescent Pronucleon™ peptide labels plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of transgenic mice. Fluorescent structures had plaque like morphology and co merged with anti-amyloid antibody or Thioflavin S staining. A significant positive correlation was observed between Pronucleon™ peptide staining and Thioflavin S staining. These data suggest that the Pronucleon™ peptide can efficiently cross the blood brain barrier, label plaques, and may be an effective tool for in vivo imaging.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 149507: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE BRILLIANCE OF GAS-LIT EYES: ARTHUR SYMONS’ EROTIC AUTO-VOYEURISM OBSERVED

“And Never Know the Joy” : Sex and the Erotic in English Poetry promises the reader much to enjoy and to reflect on: riddles and sex games; the grammar of relationships; the cunning psychology of bodily fantasies; sexuality as the ambiguous performance of words; the allure of music and its instruments; the erotics of death and remembrance, are just a few of the initial themes that emerge from the twenty-five articles to be found in this volume, with many an invitation “to seize the day”. Reproduction, pregnancy, and fear; discredited and degraded libertines; the ventriloquism of sexual objects; the ease with which men are reduced to impotence by the carnality of women; orgasm and melancholy; erotic mysticism and religious sexuality; the potency and dangers of fruit and flowers; the delights of the recumbent male body and of dancing girls; the fertile ritual use of poetic texts; striptease and revolution; silent women reclaimed as active vessels, are amongst the many engaging topics that emerge out of the ongoing and entertaining scholarly discussion of sex and eroticism in English poetry.

Topic: Literature: history, themes, analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A user-friendly framework for metadata and microdata documentation based on international standards and the PCBS experience

This paper discusses the experience of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) [1] in designing a user-friendly framework for metadata and microdata documentation. The PCBS uses two metadata specifications: the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) [2] and the Dublin Core Metadata Initiat ive (DCMI) [3]. Both are defined in the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and the Resource Description Framework (RDF). This paper focuses also on the DDI and DCMI as well as its relationship to other relevant metadata standards (e.g., The Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange (SDMX)) [4] and the semantic web technologies. We address the features of these standards as Richer content, Coverage, On-line analytical capability, Search capability and Interoperability since these standards are defined in the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML).

Topic: Data Quality and Management
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Baryon impact on weak lensing peaks and power spectrum: Low-bias statistics and self-calibration in future surveys

Peaks in two-dimensional weak lensing (WL) maps contain significant\ncosmological information, complementary to the WL power spectrum. This has\nrecently been demonstrated using N-body simulations which neglect baryonic\neffects. Here we employ ray-tracing N-body simulations in which we manually\nsteepen the density profile of each dark matter halo, mimicking the cooling and\nconcentration of baryons into dark matter potential wells. We find, in\nagreement with previous works, that this causes a significant increase in the\namplitude of the WL power spectrum on small scales (spherical harmonic index\nl&gt;1,000). We then study the impact of the halo concentration increase on the\npeak counts, and find the following. (i) Low peaks (with convergence 0.02 &lt;\nkappa_peak &lt; 0.08), remain nearly unaffected. These peaks are created by a\nconstellation of several halos with low masses (10^12-10^13 M_sun) and large\nangular offsets from the peak center (&gt; 0.5 R_vir); as a result, they are\ninsensitive to the central halo density profiles. These peaks contain most of\nthe cosmological information, and thus provide an unusually sensitive and\nunbiased probe. (ii) The number of high peaks (with convergence kappa_peak &gt;\n0.08) is increased. However, when the baryon effects are neglected in\ncosmological parameter estimation, then the high peaks lead to a modest bias,\ncomparable to that from the power spectrum on relatively large-scales (l&lt;2000),\nand much smaller than the bias from the power spectrum on smaller scales\n(l&gt;2,000). (iii) In the 3D parameter space (sigma_8, Omega_m, w), the biases\nfrom the high peaks and the power spectra are in different directions. This\nsuggests the possibility of "self-calibration": the combination of peak counts\nand power spectrum can simultaneously constrain baryonic physics and\ncosmological parameters.\n

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring visual scenes: A cognitive ethology approach

In a series of experiments we examined the subjective experience of controlling (or not controlling) the exploration of different visual scenes. The content of each scene (32.5 cm X 24.5 cm) could only be perceived through a window that revealed a subsection of the underlying picture. The window could be small (1.5 cm X 1.5 cm) and provide the highest resolution view of the picture (1024 pixels X 768 pixels); the window could be medium-size (4.5 cm X 4.5 cm) with a view of a lower resolution, more blocky image (original image coarse quantized to 16 pixels/ block); or the window could be large (9.0 cm X 9.0 cm) but with the poorest resolution (original image coarse quantized to 64 pixels/block). Participants in an “active group” controlled both the sizing and positioning of the window. They could explore a picture for as long as they liked or for only 15 seconds. Participants in a “passive group” were yoked to members in the active group, so that passive participants could only see the picture through the window that their matched active member was controlling. All participants were required to write a description of the picture following their exploration of each scene. After seeing all the scenes they rated on a 9-point scale: (1) how much information could be extracted from the pictures, (2) whether the viewing time was adequate, and (3) whether the movement and sizing of the window were systematic. The results showed that ratings of information extraction and viewing time were equivalent across the active and passive groups. In contrast, active participants rated the window sizing and movement as being significantly more systematic than passive participants. Together our data indicate that control and information extraction are separable in visual exploration, with control enhancing perceived systematicity but not information extraction.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Prilling and Coating of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Solid Green Propellant in Toluene Mixture Using Ultrasound Sonication

Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) in its generic form has a long needle shaped structure, which hinders higher solid loading. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to optimize its crystal morphology into octagonal shapes. Moreover, the low critical humidity level of ADN renders it unusable in a humid climate. Hence, encapsulation with a hydrophobic polymer is necessary. In the present work, ADN was synthesized by nitration of potassium sulfamate with mixed acid nitration. The product was then mixed with toluene, graphene, citryl ammonium butyl, Cab-o-sil, and coating polymer (Polystyrene or HTPB) and treated with ultrasound to obtain semi-spherical ADN-coated particles. The method offers a reduction in operating temperature and elimination of ADN melting in the shape-altering process. In addition, the ADN product has a similar particle size and thermal stability compared to those in a conventional ADN melt-prilling method. The ADN product investigated under SEM confirms the particle morphological change from long needles into semi-spherical shapes. The particle size obtained, in the micrometer range, is ideal for higher theoretical maximum density. Furthermore, the ultrasound-treated ADN particles show significant reduction in moisture absorption, from 68% to 16% at 65% relative humidity. The DSC result shows no degradation of thermal stability of the coated particles.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences