jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioecology of raspberry &lt;i&gt;Rubus idaeus&lt;/i&gt; L. viruses and improvement by the method of dry thermotherapy

Raspberries are affected by pathogens of more than 30 viral diseases, which significantly reduce the productivity of plantations. Arabis mosaic viruses (ArMV), Raspberry ring spot (RpRSV), Latent strawberry ring spot (SLRSV), Tomato black ring (TBRV), and Raspberry bushy dwarf (RBDV) can cause significant damage. The purpose of the research is to assess the occurrence of viral diseases and improve the health of raspberry plants by dry-air thermotherapy. During 2019 — 2021 in the Moscow region, 494 raspberry plants of 23 varieties were diagnosed by ELISA. For ELISA, diagnostic kits from Loewe (Germany) were used; leaves were taken as samples. The results were recorded on a Stat Fax 2100 plate photometer. Dry-air thermotherapy was carried out at a temperature of 38 °C for 2 months. The prevalence of viruses on raspberries was 35.8 % with a predominance of the RBDV virus (20.4 %). The RpRSV was diagnosed in 13.2 % of plants. Viruses ArMV, SLRSV, and TBRV were noted with a low frequency of occurrence: 5.1 %, 4.0 %, and 2.4 %, respectively. Dry air thermotherapy led to a decrease in the index of infection of raspberry plants with the RBDV virus 5 days after the completion of treatment, and in plants of two varieties, even 1 year later. Raspberry plants of 19 varieties free from major harmful viruses have been identified. The yield of virus-free raspberry plants was 40 %.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comment on: Epidemiology of biopsy-confirmed giant cell arteritis in southern Sweden—an update on incidence and first prevalence estimate

Dear Editor, We commend Stamatis et al., who identified a pattern of seasonal variation in the incidence of GCA in a Swedish cohort with positive temporal artery biopsy (TAB) [1]. Over a 23-year study period, more diagnoses were made in the spring and summer. There was also a fall in the incidence of 2% per year. Proposed explanations regarding environmental risk factors for GCA, including the latitude and altitude of study populations, remain unproven. The present paper adds to a growing literature of conflicting findings in the epidemiological landscape of GCA. Other studies, including some within Scandinavia, report more GCA presentations in the spring, summer or autumn, or no seasonal trends [2, 3]. A major limitation of existing studies is the exclusion of biopsy-negative GCA. With evolving imaging practices to identify GCA, there is potentially an expanding patient population who do not proceed...

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The poem ‘Our language’ by Alexei Mateevici in Russian version

The translation of artistic works, especially poetry, has always caused many difficulties and even contradictions. The difficulties are of different nature: factual, cultural, semantic, syntactic, expressive, etc. Contradictory are the ways of translating the poetic work, that eternal dilemma of the translator: accuracy or expressiveness, truth or metaphor, precision or beauty? In the present commentary we are going to analyse how a work by Alexeii Mateevici is translated into a Russian poetic, but also civic version, of undeniable importance for our people, the poem “Our Language” by Alexeii Mateevici in Russian.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Toward a Transactional Model of Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality and Adolescent Psychological Adjustment

The present study includes externalizing problems, internalizing problems, mother-adolescent relationship quality, and father-adolescent relationship quality in the same structural equation model and tests the longitudinal reciprocal association among all four variables over a 1-year period. A transactional model in which adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are negatively related to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their parents and relationship quality is related to internalizing and externalizing problems is hypothesized. Moderation by gender, ethnicity, and parental marital status is also investigated. The sample consists of 246 boys and 253 girls from the sixth and seventh grades of a large public middle school. The study's final model suggests a longitudinal, reciprocal association between the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers and internalizing problems. Results suggest longitudinal unidirectional effects from externalizing problems to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their fathers and from the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers to externalizing problems.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Research Progress on Growth Characteristics of Invasive Plants in Different Habitats

Biological invasion generates serious threats to global biodiversity. Exotic species usually have high environmental adaptability and tolerance, which is one of the bases of their invasion. Except for biological invasion threats, other serious environmental problems like extreme cold or hot events, soil drought, saline-alkali and flood are emerging constantly on a global scale. In the background of multiple environmental problems interfering with existing habitats, exploring the growth characteristics of invasive plants in different habitats, and grasping the reasons why the invasive plants can obtain growth superiorities are in favor of propelling the understanding of their invasion mechanism. This paper gives an overview of research progress on the invasive plants’ morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics in deferent habitats, summarizes the growth specialties of invasive plants which are affected by high temperature, low temperature, drought and flood, and discusses the reasons why the invasive plants prevail in the growth competitions, which provided theoretical and realistic signification to relieve the biological invasion current status.

Topic: Plant responses to water stress
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Differences in Phenolic Levels among Mature Peach and Nectarine Cultivars and their Relation to Astringency.

Phenolic contents in developing and mature fruits of peach (Prunus persica Batsch var. vulgaris Maxim.) and nectarine (P. persica Batsch var. nucipersica Schneid.) cultivars were compared in relation to astringency. Total phenolic contents varied widely among the peach cultivars, being low in 'Wase-momoyama, ' 'Setouchi-hakuto, ' 'Takei-hakuho, ' 'Saotome' and 'Shimizu-hakuto' and high in 'Golden Peach, ' 'Hakuto, ' 'Mishima-hakuto, ' 'Koho' and 'Koyo-hakuto' ; 'Kodaira-wase' and 'Okubo' were intermediate. The content of higher molecular fraction of phenolic compounds was positively correlated with the total phenolic concentration. Two nectarine cultivars, 'Shuho' and 'Fantasia, ' had consistently higher levels of total and higher molecular phenolic compounds. The total phenolic contents in 'Shimizu-hakuto' and 'Hakuto' peach fruit decreased toward the end of Stage 1 of their growth curve ; thereafter, they increased rapidly and reached a maximum in the middle of Stage 2, and then rapidly decreased to a lower level during Stage 3. Total and higher molecular phenolic contents were greater in 'Hakuto' than in 'Shimizu-hakuto' throughout fruit growth, especially during Stage 2. Based on these results, the degree of astringency among the peach and nectarine cultivars is discussed.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Some thoughts on sharing science

Sustaining and upgrading the national interest in science requires breaking through some of the barriers that separate science from the academy's other disciplines and interests, and from society as a whole. This article reviews some of the difficulties and prospects of sharing science within the academy and the ripple effect that such activities may have on the larger social context of attitudes toward science. We recognize that crossing into other disciplines for any purpose raises special communication problems. We also argue that much of the apprehension concerning such discourse rests on a fallacy. Some relief is anticipated through an ongoing critical and reflexive examination of ourselves and our activities with respect to the ways science touches our collective lives, and by conscientiously developing new relationships for teaching scientific thinking and values on the premise that science is inherently a form of public knowledge that relies heavily on cultural values and society. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 84:507–523, 2000.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Marijuana to cure Marijuana Addiction

Marijuana has been used medically to help relief neuropathic pain for some time now. Assistance in numbing or negating neuropathic pain is very commendable, but the ugly side of addiction (and associated negative consequences) tips the balance against the use of marijuana. The use of cannabidiol (CBD) rich marijuana, instead of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) rich marijuana, to calm a person’s mind needs to be explored more. There is an assumption that a calm person (internally as well as outwardly) is less interested in getting a high from smoking marijuana because s/he is in a better condition to make a good decision. The appeal of using one kind of marijuana to cure marijuana addiction seems attractive to the addict. The concept seems whimsical at best, but scientific proof is plentiful in the literature regarding the basic reactions of THC and CBD.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SUBTYPE A/H7N9 INFLUENZA: PATHOGENICITY AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

H7N9 is a serotype of the species Influenzavirus A. H7 virus normally circulates amongst avian populations with some variants known to occasionally infect humans. A H7N9 virus was first reported to have infected humans in 2013. The people with H7N9 virus are respiratory tract infections leading to pneumonia and can be death. To cope with H7N9 virus should strengthen supervision, strengthening management and treatment, epidemiological investigation and observe who has been exposed to the fatal cases. To limit the risk of disease, WHO recommends that people should be clean, safe eating, wash the hands often, especially before and after eating, after using the toilet, after contact with animals, after contact with sick people, use a mask when in contact with human or environmental exposure to the high-risk disease. Symptoms of influenza H7N9 infection are fever and cough then switch to pneumonia. Therefore, if having the symptoms like this, and then have the cough and shortness of breath, chest pain that should be early come the health facilities to diagnose and treat.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What if Everyone Voted? Simulating the Impact of Increased Turnout in Senate Elections

The conventional wisdom among journalists and politicians is that higher turnout would benefit Democrats, although extant scholarly research suggests otherwise. We adopt a new approach to assessing the partisan impact of higher turnout. We use state‐level exit polls and Census data to estimate the partisan preferences of nonvoters in Senate elections and then simulate the outcome of these elections under universal turnout. While nonvoters are generally more Democratic than voters, the dearth of close races means that very few election outcomes would have changed had everyone voted. Other scenarios—full turnout among registered voters, equal turnout rates for whites and African‐Americans, and equal turnout rates across income groups—generate similar results: although Democrats fare better in each scenario, few outcomes would have changed. However, the gap between voters and nonvoters' partisan preference varies considerably across states and across years, suggesting that this “partisan differential” warrants further examination .

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nanosuspension: An Overview

Nanosuspensions are important carriers to develop novel drug formulations. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. Nanosuspension technology solved the problem of drugs which are poorly aqueous soluble and less bioavailability. Stability and bioavailability of the drugs can be improved by the Nanosuspension technology. Techniques such as media milling and high-pressure homogenization have been used commercially for producing nanosuspensions. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. Nanosuspensions can also be used for targeted drug delivery when incorporated in theOcular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrogels. Currently, efforts are being directed to extending their applications in site-specific drug delivery.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance of a multifunctional Cu-loaded nanocomposite under UV light: theoretical and experimental study

CNFST/Cu quaternary nanocomposite was developed for the photodegradation of three different kinds of pollutants and disinfection of pathogenic micro-organisms in water.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
OTME-10. Integrated analysis of human gliomas at the single cell level identifies S100A4 as a novel immunotherapy target

Abstract Understanding the immune composition of a given tumor is critical to assess its potential responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. This is especially true for tumors that are intrinsically resistant to immunotherapies, such as GBM. Unfortunately, studies on the functional heterogeneity and associated molecular targets of immune-suppressive cells in vivo have been lacking. Here we report an integrated multi-dimensional analysis of the mutational profiles and single-cell transcriptomics of 60,024 glioma and stromal cells from 16 human samples. We identified molecular signatures of seven distinct macrophage subtypes, each with prognostic clinical value. The three inflammatory subtypes showed hallmarks of TNF/NFκB pathway enrichment and are associated with good outcomes; in contrast, four immunosuppressive subtypes with metabolic pathway hallmarks (oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, fatty acid metabolism) are associated with poor survival. In addition, we resolved an ongoing controversy in the field regarding the roles of brain resident macrophages, microglia, vs. bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) in gliomas. Our data show compelling evidence that microglia are pro-inflammatory and are associated with good survival while BMDMs are mostly immune-suppressive and associated with poor survival. In addition, deciphering immune-suppressive macrophage and Treg molecular signatures enabled us to identify previously unknown immunotherapy targets. In a proof of principle study, we showed that S100A4, a calcium binding protein previously shown to mediate metastasis, was universally upregulated in both innate and adaptive immune suppressor cells, and implantation of gliomas in S100a4-/- host mice significantly extended survival and resulted in pro-inflammatory immune landscape, compared to same glioma cells implanted in B6 control hosts. This functional validation study shows that S100A4 is a highly promising therapeutic target for GBM immunotherapy.

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental study of polyacrylamide gel in close‐in well operation

An optimized polymer gel, known as temporary gel, based on polyacrylamide sulfonated copolymer, and a chromium acetate hydroxide were synthesized to close‐in the wells during applying well servicing work. Based on bottle tests, polymer gel with 28 000 ppm of polymer concentration, and 0.105 ratio of crosslinker to polymer, was selected. The pressure effect within the range of 1000 to 4000 psi indicated not impressive effect of pressure on the gel properties. As the results of creep test clarified, yield strength of the gel was measured at temperature of 90°C, and 2000 Pa. Moreover, the results of an experiment under simulated well condition showed a linear correlation between the height of polymer gel column, and the strength and persistence of gel against fluid pressure. At last, process of degelling with 40 g of optimum gel was performed using 14 g of 30 wt% solution of citric acid during 4 hours.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative cost of RC structural floor systems

The aim of this dissertation is to identify the selection of economical structural&#13;\nslab systems for various purposes. The relative cost of commonly used structural&#13;\nslab systems such as Precast hollow core slab, Post-tensioned flat slab, RC flat&#13;\nslab, RC waffle slab and conventional RC beams and slabs were selected for this&#13;\nstudy. Variations in quantities of materials with changes in sizes of column spans&#13;\nand superimposed loads were worked out using commercial and self-developed&#13;\nsoftwares in compliance with Building by-laws and based on similar design&#13;\nassumptions.

Topic: Civil and Structural Engineering Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A mathematical programming method for flow path design in high-mix and low-volume flow manufacturing

For the operation and control of flow manufacturing in a high-mix and low-volume production environment, a method of flow path management is introduced. It involves the dynamic formation and control of adaptable flow paths corresponding to different product families. A mathematical programming approach is presented for the design of flow paths, which takes into consideration the sharing of machines among various product families. The objective is to maximize the throughput in a predefined planning period and to minimize the number of shared machines. An illustrative example is given for demonstrating the use of the proposed method.

Topic: Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps

The recurrence of colorectal polyps is caused by various factors and leads to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which ranks third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers worldwide. The potential risk factors for colorectal polyp recurrence have been demonstrated in multiple trials. However, an article that pools and summarizes the various results is needed. This review enumerates and analyzes some risk factors in terms of patient characteristics, procedural operations, polyp characteristics, and dietary aspects to propose some effective prophylactic measures. This review aimed to provide a reference for clinical application and guide patients to prevent colorectal polyp recurrence in a more effective manner.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Huanglongbing Species, “ <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter psyllaurous,” Found To Infect Tomato and Potato, Is Vectored by the Psyllid <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Sulc)

ABSTRACT A new huanglongbing (HLB) “ Candidatus Liberibacter” species is genetically characterized, and the bacterium is designated “ Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous.” This bacterium infects the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli and its solanaceous host plants potato and tomato, potentially resulting in “psyllid yellowing.” Host plant-dependent HLB transmission and variation in psyllid infection frequencies are found.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Performance, Lipid Profile, and Hematological Indices in Overweight Adolescents

Background: Research on the effects of interval training on lipid profile and hematological indices is limited. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic performance, body composition, lipid profile, and hematological indices in overweight adolescents. Methods: Thirty overweight boys (13 - 16 years) participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups, including the control (n = 10), HIIT (n = 10), and MICT (n = 10) groups. HIIT training (4 × 4-minute) was performed with an intensity of 95 - 85% of maximum heart rate, and MICT training (35-minute) was performed with an intensity of 70 - 60% of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Beep test and ELISA technique were used to measure aerobic performance, lipid profile, and hematological indices, respectively. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that except for the variables of glucose, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), all other variables in the HIIT group had a significant change compared to the pre-test (P &lt; 0.05). Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the HIIT and control groups in fat percentage, VO2Max, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), iron, and hemoglobin value (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that HIIT training can be as effective as continuous strategy training to reduce the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in overweight adolescents.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences