jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computing Pathways: A Quantitative Inquiry into the Dynamic Pathways of Students in Computing with Gender Comparisons

Abstract The number of female students in computing fields remain low despite the millions of dollars spent on research for attracting more female students. In order to attract more female students to these male dominated fields, we first have to understand in which educational years we are losing female students. For the purpose of this study, we utilized the data from [title blinded for anonymity] an NSF funded study. Approximately, 1650 students from three large public universities in Florida participated in this survey. The survey contained 39 questions around identity, field of study, as well as fields they wanted to pursue during middle school, high school, and college. The responses gathered through the Qualtrics survey system were analyzed in R by the research team. The research questions that guided this study were: (1) To what extent are female students interested in computing related fields at middle school, the beginning of high school, and the beginning of college? (2) How have these occupational pursuits changed over time? Do they differ for gender? The results of the study indicated a majority of female students that were attracted to the computing fields during middle school remained in those fields during high school and college years. However, there was no significant flow from other majors to the computing fields observed during the different educational years.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of wheat cultivar mixtures on populations of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> races*

This study quantifies the frequency of simple and complex races (races that can infect two or more components) of Puccinia striiformis in mixtures of wheat cultivars possessing different race‐specific resistance genes. Treatments were designed so that the complex race changed depending on the host mixture, thus enabling us to observe the influence of pathogen complexity in different genetic backgrounds. Six cultivar mixtures and one pure stand of winter wheat were inoculated with three races of P. striiformis at two locations for two seasons. Potted plants of three winter wheat cultivars, each susceptible to one of the three races of the pathogen, were used to sample the pathogen during the field epidemics. Disease incidence on the differential cultivars was used to calculate the proportion of the three races in each treatment. The specific cultivars included in the mixtures influenced the frequencies of the three races. Increasing the number of virulent races in a mixture reduced the frequency of the complex race relative to the other two races. The results suggest that genetic background of the pathogen race, host composition, and interaction among pathogen races may be as important as cost of virulence in determining race frequencies in mixtures.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Highly Porous Microcarriers for Minimally Invasive In Situ Skeletal Muscle Cell Delivery

Abstract Microscale cell carriers have recently garnered enormous interest in repairing tissue defects by avoiding substantial open surgeries using implants for tissue regeneration. In this study, the highly open porous microspheres (HOPMs) are fabricated using a microfluidic technique for harboring proliferating skeletal myoblasts and evaluating their feasibility toward cell delivery application in situ. These biocompatible HOPMs with particle sizes of 280–370 µm possess open pores of 10–80 µm and interconnected paths. Such structure of the HOPMs conveniently provide a favorable microenvironment, where the cells are closely arranged in elongated shapes with the deposited extracellular matrix, facilitating cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as augmented myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo results in mice confirm improved cell retention and vascularization, as well as partial myoblast differentiation. These modular cell‐laden microcarriers potentially allow for in situ tissue construction after minimally invasive delivery providing a convenient means for regeneration medicine.

Topic: Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A tensor density measure of topological charge in three-dimensional nematic phases

A path-independent measure in order parameter space is introduced such that, when integrated along any closed contour in a three-dimensional nematic phase, it yields the topological charge of any line defects encircled by the contour. A related measure, when integrated over either closed or open surfaces, reduces to known results for the charge associated with point defects (hedgehogs) or Skyrmions. We further define a tensor density, the disclination density tensor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> , from which the location of a disclination line can be determined. This tensor density has a dyadic decomposition near the line into its tangent and its rotation vector, allowing a convenient determination of both. The tensor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> may be non-zero in special configurations in which there are no defects (double-splay or double-twist configurations), and its behaviour there is provided. The special cases of Skyrmions and hedgehog defects are also examined, including the computation of their topological charge from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> .

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
IFN-γ-deficient mice develop IL-1-dependent cutaneous and musculoskeletal inflammation during experimental brucellosis

Abstract Osteoarticular and soft tissue inflammation occur in subsequent infection with wild-type Brucella in mice deficient of IFN-γ, resembling aspects of human disease. Human brucellosis exhibits diverse pathological manifestations that can affect almost any organ. In particular, osteoarticular complications are the most common focal manifestation of brucellosis and occur in 40–80% of patients. In immunocompetent mice, Brucella replication is generally restricted to the spleen, liver, and to a lesser extent, LNs, thereby limiting their use for study of focal inflammation often found in brucellosis. Here, we report that nasal, oral, or peritoneal infection of IFN-γ−/− mice with WT Brucella melitensis or Brucella abortus results in joint and periarticular tissue inflammation. Histological analysis of the affected joints revealed inflammatory infiltrates and debris within the joint space colocalizing with Brucella antigen. Osteoarthritis, necrosis, periarticular soft tissue inflammation, and substantial brucellae burdens were observed. Oral rifampicin was effective in clearing infection and halting further progression of focal inflammation from infected IFN-γ−/− mice, although some symptoms and swelling remained. Elevated IL-1β, but not TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-17, was detected in joint homogenates from infected IFN-γ−/− mice. Whereas more susceptible to systemic infection, IL-1R−/− mice depleted of IFN-γ were more resistant to focal inflammation than WT mice similarly depleted of IFN-γ. Collectively, these results show IFN-γ−/− mice represent a potential model for study of focal inflammation attributed to Brucella infection and will allow evaluation of intervention strategies targeting IL-1, IL-1R, or other inflammatory mediators, with the potential to complement antibiotic-based therapies.

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
One Interpretation for Recent BES Observation

Motivated by the recent BES observation of the p(p) enhancement near threshold in radiative J/ψdecays,X(1860) and X(1835),we choose the 0~(-+) trigluonium state as a possible candidate and calculate its mass with QCD sum rules,which is found to be approximately in the region between 1.9GeV and 2.TGeV with some theoretical uncertainties.With the fact that the new BES resonance exhibits the behavior of this trigluon state,our analyses favor the baryonium-gluonium mixing picture for the BES observation.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Probiotic<i>Bacillus coagulans</i>GBI-30, 6086 reduces exercise-induced muscle damage and increases recovery

Objective. Probiotics have been reported to support healthy digestive and immune function, aid in protein absorption, and decrease inflammation. Further, a trend to increase vertical jump power has been observed following co-administration of protein and probiotics in resistance-trained subjects. However, to date the potential beneficial effect of probiotics on recovery from high intensity resistance exercise have yet to be explored. Therefore, this study examined the effect of co-administration of protein and probiotics on muscle damage, recovery and performance following a damaging exercise bout. Design. Twenty nine ( n = 29) recreationally-trained males (mean ± SD; 21.5 ± 2.8 years; 89.7 ± 28.2 kg; 177.4 ± 8.0 cm) were assigned to consume either 20 g of casein (PRO) or 20 g of casein plus probiotic (1 billion CFU Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, PROBC) in a crossover, diet-controlled design. After two weeks of supplementation, perceptional measures, athletic performance, and muscle damage were analyzed following a damaging exercise bout. Results. The damaging exercise bout significantly increased muscle soreness, and reduced perceived recovery; however, PROBC significantly increased recovery at 24 and 72 h, and decreased soreness at 72 h post exercise in comparison to PRO. Perceptual measures were confirmed by increases in CK (PRO: +266.8%, p = 0.0002; PROBC: +137.7%, p = 0.01), with PROBC showing a trend towards reduced muscle damage ( p = 0.08). The muscle-damaging exercise resulted in significantly increased muscle swelling and Blood Urea Nitrogen levels in both conditions with no difference between groups. The strenuous exercise significantly reduced athletic performance in PRO (Wingate Peak Power; PRO: (−39.8 watts, −5.3%, p = 0.03)), whereas PROBC maintained performance (+10.1 watts, +1.7%). Conclusions. The results provide evidence that probiotic supplementation in combination with protein tended to reduce indices of muscle damage, improves recovery, and maintains physical performance subsequent to damaging exercise.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Climate change professional development approaches ‘MADE CLEAR’

This chapter focuses on a multi-year National Science Foundation funded project that sought to address some of these problems across two states. In this chapter, we will specifically highlight how this MADE CLEAR (Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment and Research, Award #1239758) project developed and enacted a climate change-focused professional development program for teachers. We discuss our intentions and reflect on lessons learned regarding the most important components for effective climate change professional development. The ongoing and iterative nature of our own work along with slowly emerging research literature understandings from others allowed us new insight, which we seek to share.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Site Directed Mutagenesis in the CMGCC Region of the .ALPHA.-Subunit on Immunoreactive Human Thyrotropin.

The cDNA of the common alpha-subunit of human glycoprotein hormone was mutated by site directed mutagenesis in the CMGCC region composed of cysteine-methionine-glycine-cysteine-cysteine (position 28-32). The cDNA of wild-type human thyrotropin (hTSH) beta-subunit and that of wild-type or mutant common alpha-subunits were co-transfected into COS-I cells. The concentration of hTSH determined by two immunoradiometric assay systems was detectable in culture media of COS-I cells transfected with wild-type (CMGCC) and a mutant (CRGCC) alpha-subunits but not four other mutants (YMGCC) (CMRCC) (CMACC) (CMDCC). The present data with the other studies on wild-type or mutant glycoprotein hormones support our hypothesis that an amino acid motif of "C-X-G-X-C" in the common alpha-(CMGCC in human) and beta-(CAGYC in human) subunits play an important role in biosynthesis of glycoprotein hormones in all species.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Extension of fighter engines contract for GKN

Femoral venous access is an essential part of patient care in the emergency department (ED). However, current medical literature and texts have not dealt with it much using actual patient anatomy.This study aimed to show that manipulation of the lower extremities may alter the anatomy to a more favorable position for cannulation.Ultrasound examination was conducted on a prospective sample of ED patients to evaluate anatomical variance of the femoral artery and vein overlap as well as the change in femoral vein diameter with leg position. Bilateral measurements of the diameter of the vein were taken at three different leg positions (straight, abduction, and abduction with external rotation).This study enrolled a total of 132 ED patients. Of these, 122 (92%) patients showed some degree of overlap on the right and 126 (95%) patients showed some degree of overlap on the left. There was a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of overlap when moving the leg from a straightened position to an abducted position, and an additional decrease when moving the leg into an abducted and externally rotated position. There was also a statistically significant increase in the size of the femoral vein with each of these positions.Up to 95% of people have some degree of overlap of the femoral vein by the femoral artery. By positioning the leg in an abducted and externally rotated position, the amount of overlap is reduced and the diameter of the vein is increased, maximizing the percentage of the vein available for cannulation.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Mandala of the Forty-Two Peaceful Deities from Dunhuang

EO.1148, which was unearthed from Dunhuang, has been described as an Aksobhya-mandala and was considered to date from the tenth century. However, following an examination of this painting, the author had determined that it is an early example of the so-called Forty-Two Peaceful Deities transmitted by the r?in-ma-pas.

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated Sand by Biological Method and Chemical Method

Iron oxide nanoparticles can be prepared by physical, chemical and biological methods. Due to the practical difficulties in using iron oxide nanoparticles for water treatment, these nanoparticles may be coated onto some supports. This paper focuses on the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles coated sand by biological method using polysaccharide templates and chemical method i.e. sol-gel method. The synthesized particles were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). From EDS analysis the highest percentage coating of iron on the sand surface was obtained for the iron oxide nanoparticles coated sand synthesized using chitosan templates. The PXRD analysis revealed the crystallite size of the synthesized particles as 42.8 nm. The SEM image showed the presence of almost spherical shaped particles on the sand surface and the coating was discontinuous.

Topic: Iron oxide chemistry and applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles: A New One‐Pot Regiospecific Procedure.

Abstract Alkylation of 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (I) with the alkyl halides (II) produces regioselectively the 1‐alkyl‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium salts (III) which are converted into the title compounds (IV) by deamination with sodium nitrite/hydrochloric acid.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Turning Placement into Practice

The history of writing assessment begins with composition: the first exams to weed out the rabble were oral; then came quizzes with questions like this one from an 1870 entrance exam: “He said that that that that that pupil parsed was not that that he should have parsed. Parse the that’s in this sentence” (qtd. in Crowley 65).1 Our professional predecessors seem first to have moved from indirect to direct assessment of writing in the academic year 1872-187 with writing tasks such as “Write a short composition on. [. . .] The Style of ‘Henry Esmond’” (qtd. in Crowley 67–68). Although replacing with short essays the early equivalent of bubbled-in test answers, the examiners’ responses (see Crowley 68) make clear they were looking for evidence of literary knowledge and mastery of spelling, punctuation, and grammar—and that the vast majority of high school graduates were sadly lacking in both. We have come a way since then but hardly by leaps and bounds. I was teaching high school in California in 197 when the minimum competency movement swept through the nation’s high schools. In Santa Clara County, the early response to demands for testing sixth-, eighth-, and twelfth-grade mastery of writing was to adopt one of several versions of an objective assessment of editing skills—not far from the clever parsing question in 1870. I was a member of the Santa Clara County Committee on Writing that eventually persuaded most school districts in our county to recommend versions of the holistic model for assessing writing in place of the objective exams. The effort sparked acrimonious arguments about our translating a formative assessment model, popularized by the Bay Area Writing Project, into an exit exam.

Topic: Student Assessment and Feedback
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rapid and simple stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of cilazapril in pure substance and pharmaceutical formulation in comparison with classic and derivative spectrophotometric methods.

The present study describes development and subsequent validation of high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) in comparison with spectrophotometric methods (classic, first, second and third order derivative) for determination of pure cilazapril in substance and pharmaceutical preparation. The main aim of this study was to find the method suitable not only for determination of cilazapril, but additionally useful in degradation kinetic study. Only the HPLC method is stability indicating. The HPLC method utilizes LiChroCART 250-4 HPLC-Cartridge, LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (5 μm) column, at ambient temperature, eluted at the flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) (60:10:30, v/v/v). Wavelength of detection is set at 212 nm. Benzocaine is used as an internal standard. The second and third order derivative spectrophotometric methods can be applied for the cilazapril analysis in substance and tablet, but not for stability evaluation (the lack of selectivity towards degradation product).

Topic: Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A 2D diffusion coefficient determination problem for the time-fractional equation

In this paper, we consider two dimensional inverse problem for a fractional diffusion equation. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation. For solving this equation the contracted mapping principle is applied. The local existence and global uniqueness results are proven. Also the stability estimate is obtained.

Topic: Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH1153546.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A model of financial contagion with variable asset returns may be replaced with a simple threshold model of cascades

I show the equivalence between a model of financial contagion and the threshold model of global cascades proposed by Watts (2002). The model financial network comprises banks that hold risky external assets as well as interbank assets. It is shown that a simple threshold model can replicate the size and the frequency of financial contagion without using information about individual balance sheets. Keywords: financial network, cascades, financial contagion, systemic risk.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
‘I Am Elena’: rhetorical analysis as the first step to a ‘best practices’ formula for sex trafficking Public Service Announcements

This paper utilizes rhetorical analysis and feminist semiotic methodology to examine an anti-trafficking Public Service Announcement video produced in the United Kingdom and widely distributed online for a global audience. Rhetorical analysis necessitates looking not just at the meanings and possible interpretations of a communicated message, but also at the creators’ intent and the effect of the message through actual – or potential – audience response. All of these sites of meaning and interpretation are examined in this research project, and the author concludes with several guidelines for future anti-trafficking mass media campaigns, as well as suggestions for further research, specifically audience studies.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences