jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCOURSE MARKERS IN FAKE NEWS OF THE ENGLISH MEDIA DISCOURSE

ФУНКЦІЇ ДИСКУРСИВНИХ МАРКЕРІВ В ФЕЙКОВИХ НОВИНАХ АНГЛОМОВНОГО МЕДІАДИСКУРСУАктуальність теми роботи зумовлена зростанням лінгвістичного інтересу до аналізу особливостей медіадискурсу і пошуку шляхів розпізнання та виявлення фейкових новин, а також недостатньою кількістю досліджень прагматичних особливостей неправдивих новин у медіапросторі.Особливо актуальним є питання аналізу фейкових новин у наш час, коли з кожним днем кількість інформації, яку отримує людина, зростає, і саме медіапростір є одним з ключових чинників формування особистості, сприйняття і пізнання нею дійсності

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Discussion Article: Disciplinary Boundaries for Creativity

Creativity is a very topical issue and indeed a political one. For example, the very notion of 'little c creativity' seems to be a reflection of the requirements of what could be described as a 'Post-Fordist' economy. However, the call to develop creativity in education is largely based on the idea of creativity as the production of novel ideas. The central argument of this article is that creativity cannot be seen purely in terms of novel ideas but that it is intrinsically bound with the teaching of the academic disciplines. It is within the context of creativity in the sense of transforming the disciplines that two paradoxes are discussed. The first paradox is that the truly creative act is not the preserve of the genius but the potential for the whole of humanity. Secondly, creativity involves both thinking within the constraints of the discipline and challenging those constraints. This implies the need for students to engage in meta-discourse, involving the nature and history of the subject-matter taught.

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Low power, constant-flow air pump systems

A rugged, yet small and lightweight constant-flow air pump system has been designed. Flow control is achieved using a novel approach which is three times more power efficient than previous designs. The resultant savings in battery size and weight makes these pumps ideal for sampling air on balloon platforms. The pump package includes meteorological sensors and an onboard computer that stores time and sensor data and turns the constant-flow pump circuit on/off. Some applications of these systems are also presented in this report.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of the first and second postpartum partial milking on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows

Parturient paresis and subclinical hypocalcemia are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows postpartum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum partial milking in the first two milkings on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomized into two groups. Cows of group 1 (n = 10) were partially milked at the first and second milking postpartum. Cows of group 2 (n = 10) were completely milked. Blood samples were collected from all animals 5-7 days before calving, within 30 min after calving, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 h after calving for determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Colostrum production was registered and sampled in the first and second milking. Concentration of Ca in colostrum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Ca and P concentrations decreased in both groups after parturition (P &lt; 0.05) and remained low during 32 h postpartum with no difference observed between groups (P &gt; 0.05). Serum concentrations of Mg were stable in all samples and no statistical difference was observed between groups (P &gt; 0.05). Colostrum production was higher in completely milked cows only in the first postpartum milking (P &lt; 0.05), but there was no difference between groups at the second milking. Total Ca secretion in colostrum was higher in the complete milking group at the first and second postpartum milking. Colostrum Ca secretion increased at the second milking with respect to the first one in both groups (P &lt; 0.05). There was no correlation between serum Ca and colostrum Ca (P &gt; 0.05). In this study, the partial milking of colostrum in the first and second milking postpartum did not prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Surface plasmon resonance method for probing interactions in nanostructures: CdS nanoparticles linked to Au and Ag substrates by self-assembled hexanedithiol and aminoethanethiol monolayers

Self-assembled hexanedithiol (HDT) and aminoethanethiol (AET) monolayers (SAMs), ∼0.4–0.8 nm in thickness, are used to link ∼5 nm diam CdS nanoparticles covalently and electrostatically onto Au and Ag substrates. The resulting nanostructures are probed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. The CdS nanoparticle–SAM–substrate interactions manifesting themselves in the dielectric functions of the multilayered systems, are detected in the SPR data, and are discussed in terms of a phenomenological six-layer model. The SPR response of the Ag substrate is more sensitive to neighboring interactions than the Au substrate. The SEM images show that the CdS, connected either by HDT or AET onto Ag substrates, forms crystalline structures. The interactions responsible for this crystallization are absent in samples employing Au substrates, in which case only ∼5 nm diam CdS nanoparticles are detected by SEM. The experimental results of the present article, analyzed in detail using Fresnel and Maxwell equations, demonstrate how the SPR technique can be used to characterize layered nanostructured materials.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The<sup>12</sup>C(γ,p) reaction at Eγ=60, 80 and 100 MeV

The angular distribution of the 12C( gamma ,p) reaction has been measured at E gamma =60, 80 and 100 MeV for excitation energies 0-7 MeV in the residual nucleus. The measured cross sections are considerably larger than IPM predictions and are compared with a calculation which uses a Jastrow correlation factor to simulate the effect of two-nucleon interactions.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heritable diseases of cartilage caused by mutations in collagen genes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Several forms of OA are inherited in an autosomal Mendelian pattern. Recent studies have identified a variety of mutations in the type II collagen gene, which encodes the main collagenous component of articular cartilage in some forms of familial OA and other heritable diseases of cartilage, including Stickler syndrome and the chondrodysplasias. Mutations in the type X collagen gene, which encodes a major collagen of growth plate cartilage, have been identified in the Schmid type of osteochondrodysplasias. Identification of additional mutations in cartilage collagen genes in familial OA will broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, and may permit the preventive treatment of individuals at risk.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case of Multiple Cauda Equina Tumors.

A 67-year old female, with a relatively uncommon multiple neurilemmoma, exhibited symptoms of cauda equina compression.Because of the relative mobility of the cauda equina and wide space in the canal, tumors arising in the cauda equina usually produce less symptoms than any other spinal tumors.Lumbago and leg pain were the predominant initial symptoms.Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI was considered to be valuable examination for the early diagnosis of cauda equina tumors.Six months after the operation, in spite of resection of one root, the patient showed no evidence of any postoperative neurological defect.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Semi-Synthesis of (+)-Digitoxigenin from Androstenedione

Abstract An efficient stereoselective semi-synthesis of (+)-digitoxigenin has been achieved by a nine-step sequence with a 20.4% overall yield. The key features of the synthesis include a Saegusa–Ito oxidation reaction, a direct C14β-hydroxylation, and a Stille cross-coupling.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neural bases for basic processes in heuristic problem solving: Take solving <scp>S</scp>udoku puzzles as an example

Abstract N ewell and S imon postulated that the basic steps in human problem‐solving involve iteratively applying operators to transform the state of the problem to eventually achieve a goal. To check the neural basis of this framework, the present study focused on the basic processes in human heuristic problem‐solving that the participants identified the current problem state and then recalled and applied the corresponding heuristic rules to change the problem state. A new paradigm, solving simplified S udoku puzzles, was developed for an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) study in problem solving. Regions of interest ( ROIs ), including the left prefrontal cortex, the bilateral posterior parietal cortex, the anterior cingulated cortex, the bilateral caudate nuclei, the bilateral fusiform, as well as the bilateral frontal eye fields, were found to be involved in the task. To obtain convergent evidence, in addition to traditional statistical analysis, we used the multivariate voxel classification method to check the accuracy of the predictions for the condition of the task from the blood oxygen level dependent ( BOLD ) response of the ROIs, using a new classifier developed in this study for fMRI data. To reveal the roles that the ROIs play in problem solving, we developed an ACT‐R computational model of the information‐processing processes in human problem solving, and tried to predict the BOLD response of the ROIs from the task. Advances in human problem‐solving research after N ewell and S imon are then briefly discussed.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
How RMAP improves in-flight update of on-board software via SpaceWire

Modern space probes such as Solar Orbiter employ a SpaceWire network to connect to on-board computer (OBC), solid state mass memory (SSMM), and scientific instruments. Management of SpaceWire links within scientific instruments is typically performed by a data processing module (DPM) featuring a space qualified processor that is executing on-board software. To adapt to changing mission requirements, account for failures and fix possible software bugs, the ability of uploading and patching instrument software is mandatory. However uploading and over-writing of the software's boot image cannot securely be performed by the software itself. If over-writing the boot image fails, the remaining image might be corrupted. So the processor may not be able to reboot successfully and no further upload would be possible. Therefore reception of uploaded patches must be performed by an independent entity. Currently, this is accomplished by a dedicated boot loader in separate memory area, to be qualified according to ECSS criticality category B. This boot loader processes uploading of patches and copies them to the second boot area, where the actual software including the operating system is stored. Due to the opportunity of modern processors to handle SpaceWire RMAP accesses (e.g. SpW-RTC, UT699, GR712RC [1], or upcoming NGMP [2]), it would be possible to perform uploading and patching of the instrument software independent of software execution using RMAP. This would dramatically simplify the development, eliminate the need for a class-B qualified boot loader, and will inherently improve reliability, as reception of patches would entirely be performed by hardware. This paper presents a possible update and patch process for boot images using hardware based RMAP features. Furthermore implications of the standard ECSS services affecting such patching routines are discussed.

Topic: Space Technology and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A role for the Myoblast city homologues Dock1 and Dock5 and the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like in zebrafish myoblast fusion

Myoblast fusion follows a defined sequence of events that is strikingly similar in vertebrates and invertebrates. Genetic analysis in Drosophila has identified many of the molecules that mediate the different steps in the fusion process; by contrast, the molecular basis of myoblast fusion during vertebrate embryogenesis remains poorly characterised. A key component of the intracellular fusion pathway in Drosophila is the protein encoded by the myoblast city (mbc) gene, a close homologue of the vertebrate protein dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1,formerly DOCK180). Using morpholino antisense-oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of gene activity in the zebrafish embryo, we show that the fusion of embryonic fast-twitch myoblasts requires the activities of Dock1 and the closely related Dock5 protein. In addition, we show that the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl), with which Dock proteins are known to interact physically, are also required for myoblast fusion.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Morphology of Mastigina hylae (Frenzel) from the Intestine of the Tadpole

This species was first reported from Argentina by Frenzel (1892) who found it in the posterior intestine of a tadpole belonging to the species Hyla pulchella. He named it Tricholimax hylae but R. Goldschmidt later placed it in the genus Mastigina Frenzel. Collin (1913) published an account of the cytology of the free and cyst forms from the tadpoles of the European species Bufo clamita and Alytes sp? The writer has found the same protozoon in the posterior intestine of the tadpoles of Rana clamata and R. catesbiana taken from a little pond on the Princeton University campus. The incidence of infection is rather high. A record of fifty tadpoles examined during October, 1923, showed that that seventy-four percent. were infected with Mastigina hylae. Out of one hundred large

Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A study of the bovine adrenal chromaffin nicotinic receptor using patch clamp and concentration‐jump techniques.

1. Voltage clamp records have been obtained from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in the outside‐out and whole‐cell configurations, in response to step changes of acetylcholine (ACh) concentration. The concentrations used ranged from 50 nM to 20 mM. 2. At high acetylcholine concentrations, the activation and desensitization kinetics of the nicotinic receptor, as observed in outside‐out patches, may be described by a model incorporating a single, fast agonist binding step, and relatively slow isomerization to the open state. The affinity of the closed receptor for ACh is 310 microM, the channel opening rate constant is 460 s‐1, and the closing rate constant is 29 s‐1. 3. Single channel events, observed when nanomolar ACh concentrations are applied to whole cells, have two distinct channel lifetimes: 0.6 ms and 11‐15 ms. The variation of the frequencies of the events with ACh concentration, suggests that the short lifetimes are openings of a singly liganded receptor and the longer lifetimes are openings of a doubly liganded receptor. 4. Only a single exponential associated with receptor desensitization is seen with outside‐out patches, but two are seen with whole cells. It is postulated that there are two nicotinic receptor types present on adrenal chromaffin cells. 5. The rate of desensitization (9 s‐1 and 26 s‐1, whole cells; 24 s‐1, patches), is fast enough to be significant in determining the open channel lifetime. 6. A sudden increase in current (rebound) is observed when a high concentration of ACh is abruptly removed from outside‐out patches. This is evidence for a blocked state. The affinity of the blocking site for ACh is 1400 microM (outside‐out patches). 7. The total number of activatable nicotinic channels per whole cell is estimated to be 2600.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preventing HIV in Adolescents Affected by Maternal HIV Infection: The Ms. Now! Program

Young people in the United States, particularly African American youth, are at heightened risk for HIV infection. One proven prevention strategy is to enhance family processes through a group-based behavioral intervention. Such interventions have garnered considerable evidence for their effectiveness. Moreover, they have become increasingly culturally-informed in order to engage specific vulnerable populations and more effectively address their unique risk factors. A group overlooked by these efforts is adolescent children of mothers living with HIV (MLH). The current study therefore investigated the structured adaptation of an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention for this population. Two main phases of the study were completed. First, 15 MLH and 13 children of MLH (aged 10 to 15 years-old) were queried through focus groups and individual interviews, respectively. This formative work revealed needed modifications to intervention content, format, and delivery, and guided the selection of measures used to evaluate the intervention. For feedback on the newly adapted intervention, a community advisory board (CAB), consisting of MLH, their adolescent children, individuals working with MLH, and program staff familiar with the original evidence-based intervention (total CAB members = 11), was convened. In the second phase of the study, 12 MLH-child dyads were recruited to participate in the intervention for the purposes of examining the feasibility, defined in terms of its preliminary efficacy and acceptability. As hypothesized, the newly formed Ms. Now (Moms Stopping it Now!) intervention improved protective family processes, including parent-child relationship quality and parental monitoring. Attendance at all sessions was high, and participants had excellent engagement scores. They also rated the Ms. Now program as highly satisfactory. Clinical and prevention implications are explored, and observations are made about the process of adaptation. Finally, recommendations for a larger-scale pilot test of the intervention are offered.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study constraints in African and other epidemiological surveys.

Studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in developing countries have suffered from numerous constraints in the application of historical, clinical, radiological, and serological criteria for disease. The Manchester grading for clinical RA turned out to be the best set of criteria in Africa. Erosions on radiographs and a positive rheumatoid factor are of little help as the prevalence of both is high in most African populations. Living at high altitude and hence being void of most tropical parasitic infections apparently increases prevalence figures for RA. More studies are needed from developing countries to determine the magnitude and the determinants of disabling rheumatic conditions.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE TEMPERATURE VIA KALMAN FILTER

Abstract – The development of an indirect measurement model for electro thermal furnace and its implementation in a reconfigurable architecture are the main issues of this article. The proposed measurement system is based on the system model, the principle of conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics are applied to build a model of the thermal system where the Kalman theory is applied for filtering and prediction of the temperatures inside of a resistive furnace. Three setup are established to evaluate the performance of the indirect measurement system: off-line implementation of the algorithm on a test platform, the indirect measurement system is connected on the furnace hardware for standalone and real time operations. The measurement algorithm can be seen as a good alternative for temperature indirect measurement systems, due to its effectiveness and simplicity during the performance evaluations.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Recovery Guides

Abstract This chapter argues that continued use of inherited models of case management limits the progress that otherwise could be made in actualizing this shift from a deficit- and institution-based framework to a recovery and community integration paradigm. This paradigm calls for new models of community-based practice that move beyond the management of cases and beyond merely semantic changes that introduce new terms for old practices. One such model that appears to be emerging in the field is that of tour guide, community guide, or, “recovery guide.” Prior to introducing this model, the chapter first reviews existing models of case management that have underlain the last 40 years of community-based practice. It then outlines the principles of care that ground a recovery-oriented alternative; describes the key components of the recovery guide model; and considers some of the broader implications of this model for community-based practice.

Topic: Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
‘The tennis club is my safe space’: assessing the positive impact of playing tennis on LGBT+ people in Australia

This article reports on a national study commissioned by Tennis Australia to assess the positive role that sport, specifically tennis, has on the lives of LGBT+ people in Australia. It explores specifically the role of tennis in building social solidarity and community capital through leisurely and organised sporting activities. Theoretically, this paper is anchored in the work of Putnam, where we demonstrate how sport promotes and bridges social capital. Scholarship that explores how sport can be a source of celebration and enjoyment for LGBT+ people remains underexplored. To gain comprehensive insights into the perceptions and lived experiences of LGBT+ tennis players, we employed a qualitative research design drawing on the methods of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. In total 27 interviews were conducted, 3 focus groups and over 50 hours of observations at various LGBT+ tennis clubs and tournaments in Sydney, Hobart, Perth and Melbourne. Our paper makes a significant contribution to scholarship by assessing the ways in which sport can advance inclusion efforts for LGBT+ people, and positively impact their lives and overall wellbeing. Our research clearly indicated that those who play tennis reported improvement in their mental and physical health whilst also enhancing their social capital.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences