jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Osteoid Osteoma in the Talar Neck: A Report of Two Cases

This article describes two cases of juxta-articular osteoid osteoma of talar neck. Both patients were initially treated as having ankle sprains or arthritis before diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. A high index of suspicion and appropriate imaging studies are important to make an early diagnosis of this disorder. Once diagnosis is confirmed, en bloc resection and autogenous bone graft can cure the disorder.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of Tubewell Irrigation on Agricultural Production in District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

sain and Hassan, 2017).Water is not only considered to be the significant but scarce element so necessary for the human survival, right from the dire needs of drinking water to the production of food and fiber.Since, economy of Pakistan exists in a sub-tropical semi-arid region where there is possibility of either uneven rainfall or not enough to boost agriculture sector.The Pakistan's population is increasing at the rate of 2.4% per annum in accordance to sixth Population and Housing Census of Pakistan 2017.This rapid growth of population creates growing demands Abstract | An empirical study was conducted to investigate the role of tube well irrigation on overall agriculture production in District D.I. Khan during 2018.In this respect, only 100 sampled farmers were interviewed with the assistance of a well-designed structured questionnaire using simple random sampling procedure.Regression analysis as a statistical method was used to assess the impact of tube well irrigation on agriculture production, household annual income, poverty line, kinds of land, sources of irrigation and inputs used on land.The significant (P<0.05)impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production.The significant (P<0.01)impact of household annual income of farmers had kept farming community above poverty line and the significant (P<0.05)relationships noticed between kinds of land and sources of irrigation, which in turn inducing farmers to become regular user of tube well irrigation.The significant (P<0.01)impact of inputs used on the adaptation of efficient networks of tube well irrigation in Dera Ismail Khan District.The results of the study concluded that those farmers who had used tube well irrigation as a source of irrigation in the area, benefited a great deal, and as a results their per household annual income were found sufficient enough to keep them above poverty line.Most of the farmers were of opinion that after the introduction of tube well irrigation, farmers found it profitable to bring uncultivated land under cultivation, enhancing the overall agricultural production in District

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An evaluation of levels and types of stress, coping strategies, participation in activities and interest in activities of junior high students in selected schools in rural Newfoundland

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels and types of stress of junior high students. In addition, the following stress-related factors were investigated: coping strategies, participation in activities and interest in activities. -- Investigation of stress and coping strategies of children is of particular importance in the educational setting. Intervention and prevention programs would serve as valuable resources for young people who are experiencing emotional and physical problems associated with stress. In the past, the emphasis in research has been on stress as experienced by adults; studies involving children have been relatively limited. -- Four scales were developed to measure the dependent variables of stress, coping, participation in activities and interest in activities. Scale I (measurement of stress) was further divided by means of factor analysis into five categories: Time Management; Intrapersonal; Locus of Control; Interpersonal; and Academic Expectations. The statistical package SPSS-X was used to analyze the data. -- The sample consisted of grade seven, eight and nine students in four schools in the Green Bay Integrated School Board. The total number in the sample was 212 (94 males and 118 females). -- The majority of the ten highest ranked stressors were school-related. The items in the Time Management and Intrapersonal categories contributed the most to levels of reported stress. The students reported a relatively low level of positive coping strategies. The activities in which they participated most were generally unstructured, passive pursuits. There was a high correlation between participation in activities and interest in those activities. -- No significant differences were found between grade levels on either of the four dependent variables. There were significant sex effects, however, in three areas. Males had a higher reported level of stress than females, with a significant difference in the intrapersonal category. Females had higher levels of participation and interest in activities. -- Recommendations were made in the areas of intervention (stress management programs) and prevention (improvement of school climate). Recommendations for further research included suggestions for modifications of the scales and more in-depth investigation into stress-related factors outside the scope of this study.

Topic: Youth Development and Social Support
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
MC-RANSAC: A Pre-processing Model for RANSAC using Monte Carlo method implemented on a GPU

RANSAC is a repeating hypothesize-and-verify procedure for parameter estimation and filtering of noise or outlier data. In the traditional approach, this algorithm is evaluated without any prior information on the set of data points which leads to an increase in the number of iterations and compute time. In this paper, we present a GPU based RANSAC algorithm with pre-processing of the assumed sample set of hypothetical inliers by Monte Carlo method. Based on our implementation and results using the Point Cloud Library and NVIDIA CUDA framework for data intensive tasks we obtain significant improvement in the performance of plane segmentation algorithm over the randomly sampled subset of hypothetical inliers. The final consensus set is formed with less number of iterations using our pre-processing model. We can conclude that a pre-processed sample set of hypothetical inliers results in a faster determination of the consensus set consisting of maximum inliers.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synchronized Circadian Bioluminescence in Cave-Dwelling <i>Arachnocampa tasmaniensis</i> (Glowworms)

Larvae of the genus Arachnocampa, known as glowworms, are bioluminescent predatory insects that use light to attract prey. One species, Arachnocampa flava, is known to possess true circadian regulation of bioluminescence: light:dark cycles entrain the rhythm of nocturnal glowing. Given the absence of natural light as a cue in caves, we addressed the question of whether cave populations of Arachnocampa tasmaniensis, a species known to inhabit caves as well as epigean environments, are rhythmic. We found that the major dark-zone cave populations of A. tasmaniensis maintain a high-amplitude 24-hour rhythm of bioluminescence, with the acrophase during external daylight hours. Populations of A. tasmaniensis in caves many kilometers apart show similar, but not exactly the same, timing of the acrophase. Systematic investigation of colonies in the dark zone of a single cave showed that some smaller colonies distant to the main ceiling colony, also in the dark zone, glow in antiphase. Periodic monitoring of a single colony over several years showed that the acrophase shifted from nocturnal to diurnal some time between October 2008 and January 2009. Prey availability was investigated as a possible zeitgeber. The acrophase of prey availability, as measured by light trapping, and the acrophase of bioluminescence do not precisely match, occurring 3 hours apart. Using in-cave artificial light exposure, we show that after LD cycles, cave larvae become entrained to bioluminesce during the foregoing photophase. In contrast, epigean larvae exposed to artificial LD cycles after a period of DD become entrained to bioluminesce during the foregoing scotophase. One explanation is that individuals within colonies in the dark zone synchronize their bioluminescence rhythms through detection and matching of each other ’s bioluminescence.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Crossing the Great Divide: a Case Study of a Regional Nursing Labour Market in the Central West of New South Wales

This study contributes to the labour market research into nurse shortage in an Australian regional context. It indicates that supply decisions are influenced by family circumstances, attachment to regional life and characteristics of the profession, particularly the emphasis on caring. Aspects of nursing work, particularly workloads and working with competent people (as opposed to autonomy and career prospects), and conditions of work, particularly wages, protection from violence and flexibility of working time are more able to be affected by government\nand management. The study also suggests that a 'strict' approach to employment and work organisation tends to follow traditional medical treatment assumptions and lead to unnecessary cultural and systemic inflexibility. Generational conflict ('older' and 'younger' nurses) overlaid by opposition to the current system of nurse education (hospital-based and university-based) emerge as additional problems impacting on the participation of nurses.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Convolutional Neural Network Detecting Synthetic Cannabinoids

&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;We are presenting a convolutional neural network (CNN) application recognizing the class identity of synthetic cannabinoids based on their Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The results indicate that this CNN system can be efficiently used to distinguish JWH synthetic cannabinoids from other substances of forensic interest, but also from other types of synthetic cannabinoids. One of the main advantages of the system is that it can also operate on mobile ATR-FTIR spectrometers used in field operations.&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Writing to the Defence of Empire: Winston Churchill’s Press Campaign against Constitutional Reform in India, 1929–1935

It was while touring North America in the autumn of 1929 that Churchill heard of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin's, declaration that the goal of British policy in India was the granting of self-governing Dominion status within the Empire. Churchill was outraged at what he took to be the hoisting of the white flag of surrender in India. He was not alone. On 1 November, the day after Irwin's announcement, the Daily Mail attacked the Conservative leader, Stanley Baldwin, for his willingness to endorse the initiative without consulting his Cabinet colleagues. In the Commons later that day Baldwin responded to the Mail's allegation, declaring that 'every statement of fact and every implication of fact contained in that article is untrue, and in my opinion gravely injurious to the public interest, not only in this country, but throughout the Empire'.1 But the Mail was not to be deflected and, on 16 November, carried an article by Churchill in which he denounced Irwin's declaration as 'criminally mischievous'. Dominion status could not be accorded to a nation in which 60 million persons were 'untouchables', the political class represented only a tiny fraction of the population, and racial and religious antagonisms meant that 'the withdrawal of British protection would mean the immediate resumption of mediaeval wars'.KeywordsConservative PartyIndian PolicyDaily MailMass CirculationBritish PoliticsThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
From Machu Picchu to Masaya Volcano: An Interdisciplinary Approach to offering Study Abroad Courses on International Disasters and Crisis Communication

As the nature of managing hazards and disasters grows increasingly complex, educating the next generation of emergency management practitioners and scholars requires innovative strategies. This article describes the utilization of a collaborative teaching approach when offering a study abroad course examining hazards, emergency management, and crisis communication in Central and South America. Co-taught cross-disciplinary courses provide opportunities for students to gain exposure to the different perspectives inherent in the study and management of hazards and disasters. This, coupled with the study abroad experience, offers students a unique viewpoint on how hazards, risks, and communication are managed and perceived in other countries. This paper highlights the recent research about benefits of co-teaching and study abroad courses, provides a description of our study abroad programs, and offers tips and suggestions for developing similar courses at other higher education institutions.

Topic: Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Certifying Gender Equality in Research: Lessons Learnt From Athena SWAN and Total E-Quality Award Schemes

In the past 2 decades, many Certification and Award schemes (CAS) related to gender equality, diversity and inclusion have emerged in the higher education, research and industry sectors. According to a recent report, there are as many as 113 CAS which have been identified across Europe and beyond. These CAS aim at addressing inequalities in relation to the grounds of sex, gender, race, sexual orientation, and disability among others. The high number of CAS, and their continued growth, has taken place in parallel to the shift of policies and efforts from “fixing individuals” to “fixing the system.” In these schemes, gender equality is often understood as a structural, systemic challenge, with a recognition that advancing gender equality is complex and requires drivers and interventions at micro, meso and macro level. Studies focused on analysing and evaluating gender equality initiatives in higher education have been scarce, and often limited to specific schemes. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a better understanding of the CAS landscape through comparing two of the main gender equality schemes used by research-performing organisations in Europe Athena SWAN (in the UK) and Total E-Quality Award (in Germany). Based on qualitative interviews with stakeholders across Europe and document analysis, this paper focuses on strengths, challenges faced by and the impact of these CAS. This comparative exercise highlights particular learning points that can inform potential reviews of existing schemes and/or the development of new schemes such as a Europe-wide scheme. The latter is the focus of a Horizon 2020 project entitled CASPER (Certification-Award Systems to Promote Gender Equality in Research), which aims at making recommendations to the European Commission as to the feasibility of a Europe-wide CAS for gender equality in research organisations.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gender differences in the epidemiology and treatment of anxiety disorders.

Women are more likely than men to develop anxiety disorders. Yet, relatively few studies have investigated whether women with anxiety disorders have characteristics that are distinct from those of men with the same disorders. The cause of the enhanced vulnerability to anxiety for women remains largely undetermined. Recent data suggest that female reproductive hormones and related cycles may play an important role. In addition to etiologic functions, reproductive hormones may substantially influence the clinical course of preexisting anxiety conditions in women. Psychotropic medications are more likely to be prescribed to women, and gender differences have been identified in the pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medication. Yet, relatively few systematic data are available concerning the potential clinical relevance or possible treatment implications of gender differences in the treatment of women with anxiety disorders. This article reviews the unique characteristics of primary anxiety disorders in women, summarizes the neurobiological effects associated with estrogen and progesterone, discusses gender differences in medication metabolism and the potential relevance of these differences in the pharmacologic management of women with anxiety disorders, and reviews issues specific to women (e.g., hormone therapy, oral contraceptives, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, lactation) that may impact treatment with psychotropic medication.

Topic: Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of Telikom Training Centre on economic development of Papua New Guinea

The UNESCO UNEVOC Regional Conference was held at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology from 11-14 November 1996. The theme of the conference was 'Policy development and implementation of technical and vocational education for economic development in Asia and the Pacific'. Delegates from almost all UNEVOC countries attended the conference. This paper outlines the two phases of the project and shows how the objectives of the project have been largely achieved.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Top university managers and affirmative action

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse if the existence of equal opportunity legislative frameworks and affirmative action programs make any difference to the way senior managers perceive the role of top university managers in influencing women's position in their institutions. A comparative study was therefore undertaken between a country with traditions in implementing AA in universities - Australia - and another which has no tradition in this domain - Portugal. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative methodology was chosen to collect and analyse data. A total of 44 interviews with male and female university senior managers - 21 in Australia and 23 in Portugal - were conducted by the principal researcher in each country. Findings - When describing the role of top managers, gender equality was not often mentioned, suggesting that it may not be a topic on the current institutional political agenda either in Australia or in Portugal. When specifically asked about gender, respondents considered that Rectors and VCs in the two countries took opposite positions with Australian VCs being more aware of their role in improving gender equality. The study therefore concluded that the existence of equal opportunities frameworks and AA policies may have an influence in increasing top managers' awareness of their roles in improving women's representation in management teams. Research limitations/implications - The research was restricted to public universities. In Portugal the system is more diverse and comparing HE with private and polytechnic institutions could provide important insights about senior managers' roles in relation to improving women's position in HE. More in-depth qualitative studies are needed, to obtain top managers' perceptions of the variables that impact on their views and attitudes to women in senior management. Practical implications - This study provides new and innovative contributions to knowledge about the perceptions of senior managers of their top managers and their roles in eliminating gender discrimination and the influence of affirmative action in HE in these perceptions. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of using affirmative action programmes by analyzing a dimension which has not been explored - its impact on senior managers' perceptions of their role in promoting gender equality in HEIs.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cross-domain collaboration: the Dutch Combined Lifestyle Intervention

Abstract Background In the Netherlands, the policy-making process to realize funding for the Combined Lifestyle Intervention (CLI) by health insurance lasted twelve years. Since January 2019, the health care components of the CLI are covered by the Health Insurance Act. We aimed to identify policy design decisions, processes and implementation willingness and capacity of stakeholders. Methods We conducted an institutional policy analysis using backward mapping. We composed a timeline (2007-2019) based on public documents and interviewed 22 key stakeholders, representing policy-making institutions, care professions, health insurers and CLI-owners. Results Three main design decisions (out of 15) are: 1) including lifestyle coaching in the CLI.; 2) excluding the physical activity component for funding by health insurance and 3) health insurers and municipalities having own policies, resulting in a variety of contracts with health care providers and local differences in the CLI offer. Decision-making was mainly based on scientific evidence. However, not all stakeholders were represented in policy-making. The CLI requires collaboration between care professionals and lifestyle coaches, a new profession linking the medical and social domain. Vested and new stakeholders faced competing interests, which tempered their willingness and capacity to implement the CLI. Conclusions The CLI sets a new standard - at the interface of indicated and selective prevention - by incorporating (non-medicalised) lifestyle coaching. Although the CLI is embedded in a single insurance-based scheme (instead of across domains), it institutionalizes cross-domain collaboration without providing the necessary resources. Collaborative prevention requires cross-domain trusting implementation networks, including vested stakeholders, field innovators and citizens, to avoid conflicts, and build adaptive and responsive prevention policies. Key messages Interventions in the field of prevention require incentives for collaboration based on cross-domain trusting implementation networks. Politics around collaborative prevention requires a balanced stakeholder level playing field to avoid conflicts around vested interests and to facilitate stable responsive prevention policies.

Topic: Health Policy Implementation Science
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on the Application of the Spore Bearing Lactic Acid Bacteria to Foods

For food and medical application, a strain of spore bearing lactic acid bacteria was isolated from the soil and it's microbial properties were investigated. This strain, which was gram-positive and catalase positive, produced L(+)-lactic acid and bore spores in aerobic incubation was presumed to belong to Bacillus coagulans HAMMER.It was revealed that the strain has more excellent properties in preservability, heat and acid stability than commercil preparations from the view point of application for food and medical use.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences