jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding Oxidation Resistance of Half-Heusler Alloys for in-Air High Temperature Sustainable Thermoelectric Generators

High temperature waste heat recovery has gained tremendous interest to generate useful electricity while reducing the harmful impact on the environment. Thermoelectric (TE) solid-state materials enable direct conversion of heat into electricity with high efficiency, thereby offering a practical solution for waste heat recovery. Half-Heusler (hH) alloys are the leading TE materials for medium to high temperature applications, as they exhibit a high figure of merit and mechanical strength at temperatures as high as 973 K. Here we investigate the most promising hH alloys represented as MNiSn, MCoSb, and NbFeSb systems (M = Hf, Zr, and Ti) and provide fundamental understanding of their in-air thermal stability at high temperatures under realistic operating conditions required for energy generation. The understanding of oxidation resistance of TE materials is crucial for their practical deployment in extreme environments without vacuum sealing. The n-type MNiSn and p-type NbFeSb compounds are found to exhibit excellent oxidation resistance at a high temperature of 873 K. The oxidation resistance is enhanced through the presence of an intermetallic Ni-Sn layer for MNiSn and Nb-TiO<sub>2</sub> double layer for (Nb,Ti)FeSb. A unicouple thermoelectric generator (TEG) fabricated from thermally stable materials demonstrated consistent performance for more than 150 h at 873 K in air. These results demonstrate the significance of TE materials in waste heat recovery systems.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transcriptional Regulation of Quinoa Seed Quality: Identification of Novel Candidate Genetic Markers for Increased Protein Content

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop that has great potential for increased cultivation in diverse climate regions. The seed protein quality obtained from this crop is high concerning the requirements to meet human nutritional needs, but the seed protein content is relatively low if compared to crops such as grain legumes. Increased seed protein content is desirable for increasing the economic viability of this crop in order for it to be used as a protein crop. In this study, we characterized three genotypes of quinoa with different levels of seed protein content. By performing RNA sequencing of developing seeds, we determined the genotype differences in gene expression and identified genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with increased protein content. Storage nutrient analyses of seeds of three quinoa genotypes (Titicaca, Pasankalla, and Regalona) from different ecoregions grown under controlled climate conditions showed that Pasankalla had the highest protein content (20%) and the lowest starch content (46%). Our seed transcriptome analyses revealed highly differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in Pasankalla as compared to the other genotypes. These DETs encoded functions in sugar transport, starch and protein synthesis, genes regulating embryo size, and seed transcription factors. We selected 60 genes that encode functions in the central carbon metabolism and transcription factors as potential targets for the development of high-precision markers. Genetic polymorphisms, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and base insertions and deletions (InDels), were found in 19 of the 60 selected genes, which can be further evaluated for the development of genetic markers for high seed protein content in quinoa. Increased cultivation of quinoa can contribute to a more diversified agriculture and support the plant protein diet shift. The identification of quinoa genotypes with contrasting seed quality can help establish a model system that can be used for the identification of precise breeding targets to improve the seed quality of quinoa. The data presented in this study based on nutrient and transcriptome analyses contribute to an enhanced understanding of the genetic regulation of seed quality traits in quinoa and suggest high-precision candidate markers for such traits.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Resistance of two Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) strains exposed to a mixture of zinc, cadmium and inorganic mercury

Two strains of one month-old Oreochromis niloticus namely CLSU (obtained from Central Luzon State University, Philippines) and NIFI (from National Inland Fisheries Institute, Thailand) were exposed to a sublethal mixture of 1.0 mg L-1 Zn, 0.1 mg L-1 Cd, and 0.01 mg L-1 Hg for two months in aquaria. Another set served as control with only BFS tapwater in the aquaria. At the end of the exposure period the fish were grown for another 2 months in net cages in Laguna de Bay. During the exposure (aquarium) and grow-out (lake) phases, the uptake and elimination of the metals were determined by AAS. Accumulation of the metals peaked at 13.9 µg g-1 Hg, 78.5 µg g-1 Cd, and 1447.0 µg g-1 Zn for NIFI and 14.2 µg g-1 Hg, 82.4 µg g-1 Cd, and 1591.3 µg g-1 Zn for CLSU lost 94.9% Hg, 98.76% Cd, and 89.99% Zn after two months in the lake. After the grow-out period, 2 females and 1 male of each strain were stocked in replicate polyethylene tanks. Time to first spawning, spawning frequency, fry production, and fry survival (after 30 days) were monitored. Results showed no significant effect of treatment and strain with respect to time to first spawning, spawning frequency, and mean fry survival. There was also no significant difference between the treatment and strain in mean fry production when dam weight was used as a covariate in the analysis. The results suggest that both strains of O. niloticus are resistant to long-term exposure to the metals. In addition, the elimination of the metals during the grow-out phase may have also diminished their effect on the breeders of the two strains.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hypercapnia impacts neural drive and timing of diaphragm neuromotor control

The neuromotor control of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) in response to hypercapnia is not well understood. We show that both the number of motor units recruited and their discharge rates increase with hypercapnia, consistent with increased respiratory drive during hypercapnia. Potentially in response to this increased drive, the greatest effect of hypercapnia is on during the postinspiratory (descending) ramp of DIAm EMG activity, which shortens to facilitate higher respiratory rates.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A SURVEY OF THE TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT NEXUS: GLOBAL DIMENSIONS

1. Linkages between trade and environmental policy instruments..... 168 A. Instrument use and cost efficiency....................... 168 B. Instrument use and political economy: rent-seeking.......... 172

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Induction of water-stress proteins in cyanobacteria exposed to matric- or osmotic-water stress

Six genes have been mapped and identified by hybridization or by carotenoid analysis of deletion mutants on a 9 kb chromosomal fragment originating from Erwinia herbicola Eho 10. These genes include crtB, E and I which have been formerly described for Rhodobacter, and three new ones: crtZ encoding lycopene cyclase, crtH for β-carotene hydroxylase, and crtG for zeaxanthin glycosilase. Their arrangement on the plasmid has been elucidated.

Topic: Algal biology and biofuel production
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An exploration of trends in open employment in Australia since 1986

The Disability Services Act of 1986 brought about major changes in the way disability services were provided in Australia. The introduction of open employment services for people with high support needs has been lifechanging for many people with disabilities. People with significant disabilities are now in open employment in far larger numbers and there have been consistent efforts by government to develop the policy framework to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the program. The number of people with disability accessing open employment services has experienced significant growth over time – an overall growth of 186% from 1998–99 to 2009–2010. However it is now clear that these reforms have had differential effects for different groups of people with disabilities. The initial growth in the number of people with intellectual disability participating in the open employment program has stalled. There is a need to examine what can be done to improve open employment participation for people with intellectual disabilities in Australia.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sympathy for the Criminal: The Criminal Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century London

This article investigates the rise and fall of the criminal celebrity in London between 1660 and 1790. It explains how, through the dramatic expansion of print culture and the rise of sensibility, a small number of highwaymen, thieves and a bigamist were able to seek and receive substantial public sympathy, despite widespread concerns about the extent of crime in London. However, in the early nineteenth century, changing attitudes towards crime and new penal practices led to the disappearance of this type of positive criminal celebrity. These findings contribute to our understanding of both changing attitudes towards crime and the wider history of celebrity.

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Verbs Are Associated With Agency

Abstract. Agency and communion comprise the big two of social perception, with agency in general denoting goal orientation and communion orientation toward others. Both dimensions can be coded and detected in language through agentic and communal words, however, only agency through lexical classes, namely verbs. This research examines whether the link between semantic and lexical agency occurs in natural language, as past research was limited to pseudowords or single words. Using existing databases, Study 1 found that people rated verbs as more agentic than nouns. Using large textual datasets, Study 2 found verb use to be positively related to agentic – but not communal word – use. These findings contribute to the identification of agency in language and indicate its importance in social cognition.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Safety design considerations for AC low-voltage distribution systems

Electrical hazards exist in 600 V and below electrical distribution systems. Safety criteria, protective device performance, transferred potential hazard, and National Electrical Code (NEC) voltage limits and requirements on equipment grounding practices are examined. Some recommendations on safe design are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Explaining Co-operation and Conflict in Southern Africa: State-building, Foreign Policy and Regional Order

Abstract Abstract: Between 1975 and 1988, the Southern African regional system was marked by high levels of systemic conflict involving direct and indirect armed confrontation between South Africa and its neighbours. This reality sharply contrasts with the co-operative environment that has gradually formed since 1989. Following the trends towards deepening and widening the systemic comprehension of international relations, this study seeks to understand why there were changes in the pattern of co-operation–conflict in the Southern African regional system in the last 40 years. The central hypothesis is that (i) the state-building process and (ii) regional and secondary powers’ foreign policy formation and execution towards the regional order are factors which have directly affected the regional pattern of co-operation–conflict. Specifically, this article studies South Africa and Angola’s state-building process and foreign policy formation and execution from 1975 to 2015. The research concludes that these states produced co-operation or conflict as part of their balance of positions towards the systemic order, which is an interactional result of their state-building process (state capacity and state–society relations) and its impact on foreign policy’s formation and execution (interests and security of the elites and foreign policy position and impetus towards the regional order).

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[A Case of Cardiopulmonary Arrest due to Difficult Mask Ventilation and Difficult Laryngoscopy in the Ward after Operation: A Case Report].

A 77-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was scheduled for cervical laminoplasty. He was predicted difficult mask ventilation combined with difficult laryn- goscopy (CICV) because of short thyromental distance. After induction of general anesthesia, we attempted tracheal intubation using McGRATHO and Gum-elastic Bougie and the intubation was successful. After opera- tion, in ward, atrial fibrillation occurred. Because anti- arrhythmic agents were not effective, cardioversion was planned. While under sedation, his breathing stopped. The attending physician could not ventilate with mask and intubate with Macintosh laryngoscope. The patient went into cardiopulmonary arrest After successful intubation using McGRATH? and Gum- elastic Bougie by anesthesiologist The attending physi- cian did not recognize CICV. We should convey infor- mation of CICV surely and perform education about difficult airway management.

Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Odonterpetontidae", "Continent is one of (North America, South America)" ] } The dataset includes 5 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014760-230810091245214/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integrated approaches for the functional characterization of miRNAs in grapevine

Micro(mi)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate several pathways and are widely recognised as key players in plant development, tissue differentiation, and many other important physiological processes, including plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The release of plant genomes and the application of high throughput sequencing have considerably extended miRNA discovery across many species, including grapevine (Vitis spp.). Despite their relevance in plant development, functional studies in grapevine to clarify the function of miRNAs are not yet available. Through the grapevine genetic improvement platform IMPROVIT at CNR-IPSP (http://www.ipsp.cnr.it/en/thematics/turin-headquarter-thematics/improvit/), we developed integrated approaches to discover miRNA function in grapevine. Transgenic plants were generated by either overexpressing or silencing vvi-miR393, a miRNA conserved in different plant species, and vvi_miC137, a grapevine-specific miRNA whose function is unknown despite being transcriptionally regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 212 transgenic grapevines from two V. vinifera cultivars (Chardonnay and Bragat rosa) and the 110R rootstock were characterized. Molecular analyses showed that overexpressing lines increased the expression of the selected miRNAs up to 10-fold, whereas silencing by short tandem target mimic (STTM) approach reduced the expression of mature miRNAs by 70%. Five independed transgenic lines for each genotype and construct were acclimatised in greenhouse. Additionally, vvi_miC137 lines were ecophysiologically characterized under well-watered and drought conditions. Preliminary results showed that vvi_miC137 influenced plant development and leaf gas exchanges, its partial silencing improved grapevine growth performance. This miRNA could represent a new potential target for genetic improvement by gene editing.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Macrostomus megatarsus Rafael & Vasconcelos 2024

Macrostomus megatarsus species-group This group of species is characterized by male and female specimens with dark wings with distinct fenestrate hyaline spots (Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B); veins R 2+3 and R 4+5 curved, converging to each other, leaving cell r 2+3 narrowed subapically; crossvein r-m placed near base of cell dm. Male tergite 8 distally with short bifid projection (Fig. 1C) or rounded (Fig. 3C). Female. Legs with mid femur, hind femur and hind tibia with dorsal and ventral pennate scales (Fig. 4A); tergite 8 (Figs 2C, 4C) slightly concave basally and deeply concave apically. Sternite 8 widened (Fig. 2D, E), laterally with oblique median sinus with a small sclerite or somewhat narrowed at distal half without lateral sinus (Fig. 4D, E). Genital fork (Figs 2D, 4D) Y-shaped, thin with elongated lateral arms. Spermatheca (Figs 2F, 4F) spherical. Key to species of the Macrostomus megatarsus species-group 1 Wing with hyaline spots comparatively smaller (Figs 1B, 2B); cell r 1 without hyaline spot at level of cell dm spot (Figs 1B, 2B). Male fore tarsomere 1 slightly thickened. Tergite 8 with bifid projection distally (Fig. 1C). Posterior cercus elbowed and shortly inward projected (Fig. 1E, G). Hypandrium widened distally (Fig. 1I). Female: sternite 8 widened (Fig. 2D, E), laterally with oblique median sinus with small sclerite; genital fork (Fig. 2D) Y-shaped, with lateral arms longer than basal arm and somewhat inward curved...................................................................... M. megatarsus sp. nov. - Wing with hyaline spots comparatively larger (Figs 3B, 4B); cell r 1 with small hyaline spot at level of cell dm spot (Figs 3B, 4B). Male fore tarsomere 1 not thickened. Tergite 8 rounded distally (Fig. 3C). Posterior cercus thin, upward directed (Fig. 3E, G). Hypandrium thin distally, with a distinct median acute process (Fig. 3H). Female: sternite 8 somewhat narrowed at distal half, without lateral sinus (Fig. 4E, D); genital fork (Fig. 4D) Y-shaped, with lateral arms slightly shorter than basal arm and somewhat straight....................................................................... M. polleti sp. nov.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards a Manifesto for Machinima

The author examines the past, present and future of machinima, hereby defined as an art form in transition. Although both socially and culturally embedded in gaming cultures, machinima could expand well beyond gaming, as it represents a successful example of convergence of filmmaking, animation and games development. Although the medium has a strong artistic potential, the future trajectory of machinima will remain indelibly tied to games development, reflecting gaming and internet cultures. The author predicts that machinima will further evolve in line with developing curatorial expertise in its presentation to wider audiences and positioning within the digital arts movement.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Economic leaching at Roessing Uranium Limited

Analyse de l'evolution des conditions operatoires de lessivage de l'uranium, extrait des mines, et de l'optimisation de ces parametres au cours des annees. Etude des reductions de couts de preparation du minerai, au cours des phases d'extraction et de lessivage

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 4 from Fer Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Invasion and Tumor Metastasis

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 120K, Fer promotes migration and invasion of A549 cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dielectric properties of the BaTi0.85Zr0.15O3 ceramics prepared by different techniques

Three different processing routes, i.e. the classical solid state reaction technique the sol-precipitation method and the oxalate route, were employed for preparing BaTi0.85Zr0.15O3 ceramics. The dielectric properties of these ceramics are comparatively analyzed. The obtained results show that the dielectric properties of these ceramics, even having the same composition, are highly sensitive to the preparation route, causing differences in the microstructures and in the local electrical inhomogeneity, thus, causing complicated dielectric relaxation phenomena.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences