jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the social and environmental impacts of disposable nappy waste in Collins Chabane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Abstract The use of disposable nappies has increased worldwide while cloth nappies usage dropped significantly. However, rural communities often dump nappy waste indiscriminately without considering the outcomes. This study first identified methods used by the community to dispose nappy waste in order to assess the social and environmental impacts posed by disposable nappy waste in Collins Chabane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study employed a mixed-method research design where quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A snowball sampling method was used to identify 163 households with infants using disposable nappies, and purposive sampling method was used to select 7 early childhood development (ECD) centres which cared for infants. Data collected using closed-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and field observation checklist were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0 for quantitative data, and Atlas.ti version 24.0 for qualitative data. Results indicated that disposable nappy waste was dumped indiscriminately in areas such as roadsides, nearby streams, open spaces, pit latrines, in a mountain, as well as in termite’s mounds. It was also found that improper disposal of nappy waste causes social and environmental impacts, with (65%) of respondents indicated that it reflects bad culture and/or behaviour in society. This study suggested that cultural norms and values within communities should be improved. It was further recommended that different stakeholders should implement measures such as incentivised nappy waste take back schemes, establishment of nappy waste drop off centres, designation of environmental management champions, and encourage the use of biodegradable nappies.

Topic: Municipal Solid Waste Management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A three-dimensional model of fine particle retention during percolation through a fiber mat

Fine particles are usually retained in fiber mats by sieving. To date, no theory has combined fiber and mat characteristics into a predictive retention model. A multilayer analytical retention model developed during this study predicts retention within a thick fiber mat by modeling retention as particles pass through a series of very thin fiber mats. A suspension of 5-75 μm toner particles was percolated through rayon fiber mats. The model’s prediction approached the experimental data only when the ratio of particle diameter to fiber diameter increased toward 2.0, the upper limit within the rayon fiber mat data set. Retention was also experimentally determined on the macroscale with simulated fiber mats, through which 4-20 mm beads were dropped. The particle diameter was at least 2.2 times the fiber diameter for all of the macroscale experimental data, explaining the much better fit of the data from those experiments to the model’s predictions.

Topic: Textile materials and evaluations
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review of Research Trends regarding Vocabulary Intervention Using Keyword Network Analysis

[목적] 본 연구는 키워드 네트워크 분석을 시행하여 어휘 중재 연구의 동향을 살펴보는 데 목적을 두었다. [방법] 어휘 중재 연구 동향을 알아보기 위해 학술연구정보서비스(RISS)와 한국학술지 인용색인(KCI)의 데이터베이스를 활용하여 어휘 중재 관련 문헌 78편을 최종적으로 수집하였다. 이후 텍스톰을 활용하여 키워드 정제를 시행한 후 키워드 빈도, 가중치(TF-IDF), 키워드의 공출현 빈도(N-gram)를 분석하였다. 1-mood 네트워크를 구축한 후 Ucinet의 Netdraw를 사용하여 핵심어 간의 중심성을 분석하고, 핵심어 연결 구조를 시각화하여 의미를 도출하였다. [결과] 첫째, 어휘 중재 관련 연구가 가장 활발히 이루어진 연도는 2011년과 2016년으로 밝혀졌다. 어휘 중재 관련 논문이 가장 많이 게재된 학술지는 언어치료 연구로 나타났다. 어휘 중재가 실시된 연령은 유아와 초등학교 저학년이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어휘 중재와 관련된 키워드 주요 172개 중 가장 높은 빈도를 나타낸 것은 어휘력 향상과 아동이었다. 어휘 중재 키워드의 가충치 (TF-IDF) 분석 결과 아동이 제일 높았으며, 다음으로 유아의 순으로 나타났다. N-gram(공출현)의 빈도는 어휘력 향상과 아동, 언어발달지체아동과 어휘력 향상이 동시에 높은 순으로 출현하는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 네트워크 중심성을 분석한 결과 총 8개의 그룹군이 도출되었다. 각 그룹은 대상별로 관련 주제가 응집되어 나타났다. [결론] 어휘 중재 관련 연구의 동향을 객관적으로 분석한 본 연구는 향후 어휘 중재 관련 연구의 방향성을 모색하는데 필요한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Pyridothienopyrimidine Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents and Escherichia coli Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

The growing resistance of bacteria to many antibiotics that have been in use for several decades has generated the need to discover new antibacterial agents with structural features qualifying them to overcome the resistance mechanisms. Thus, novel pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives (2a,b–a,b) were synthesized by a series of various reactions, starting with 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides (1a,b). Condensation of compounds 1a,b with cyclohexanone gave 1’H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2’-pyrido[3’,2’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin]-4’(3’H)-ones (2a,b), which in turn were utilized to afford the target 4-substituted derivatives (3a,b–8a,b). In vitro antibacterial activity evaluations of all the new compounds (2a,b–8a,b) were performed against six strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The target compounds showed significant antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-negative strains. Moreover, the compounds (2a,b; 3a,b; 4a,b; and 5a,b) that exhibited potent activity against Escherichia coli were selected to screen their inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) enzymes. Compounds 4a and 4b showed potent dual inhibition of the two enzymes with IC50 values of 3.44 µΜ and 5.77 µΜ against DNA gyrase and 14.46 µΜ and 14.89 µΜ against topoisomerase IV, respectively. In addition, docking studies were carried out to give insight into the binding mode of the tested compounds within the E. coli DNA gyrase B active site compared with novobiocin.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Implant-Based Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation

Abstract Vertebral compression fractures are a global public health issue with a quantifiable negative impact on patient morbidity and mortality. The contemporary approach to the treatment of osteoporotic fragility fractures has moved beyond first-line nonsurgical management. An improved understanding of biomechanical forces, consequential morbidity and mortality, and the drive to reduce opioid use has resulted in multidisciplinary treatment algorithms and significant advances in augmentation techniques. This review will inform musculoskeletal radiologists, interventionalists, and minimally invasive spine surgeons on the proper work-up of patients, imaging features differentiating benign and malignant pathologic fractures, high-risk fracture morphologies, and new mechanical augmentation device options, and it describes the appropriate selection of devices, complications, outcomes, and future trends.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Relationship between Bone Density at Implant Sites and Primary Implant Stability

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between bone density derived from cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scanning combined with the Simplant software at the implant site and primary implant stability.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Negative Polarity Illusions

Abstract Although decades of research have illuminated the licensing requirements, both syntactic and semantic, of negative polarity items, the matter of how these licensing requirements are satisfied in real time, as a sentence is being processed, remains an ill-understood problem. Grammatical illusions—cases where native speakers, as they comprehend an ungrammatical sentence, experience a fleeting perception of acceptability—offer a window into online computations like NPI licensing. This chapter reviews the findings on negative polarity illusions, their parallels (and, in some cases, the lack of parallels) with other grammaticality illusions, and the implications of this line of research for understanding the incremental processing of negative sentences as well as negative polarity phenomena more broadly.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transforming the Instruction of Introductory Computing to Engineering Students

Computer science as a discipline encompasses the study and creation of computational techniques for problem-solving. Unfortunately, much of the benefit of these techniques to engineering students is lost in translation, in part due to the disconnect between introductory computing courses and the disciplinary courses that introduce problems that could benefit from computational techniques. A considerable body of literature has documented the ineffectiveness of traditional programming courses in transferring usable knowledge to students, specifically where problem-solving skills and computational thinking are concerned. This paper describes a transformative change to the instruction of introductory computing to engineering students, in the context of a single non-major course. In the proposed architecture, a core lecture is supplemented with plug-in domain-specific modules and problems that are presented in domain-specific recitation/laboratory sections. The focus of the lecture component of the course is to introduce the core concepts and skills required for computational thinking, including algorithms and software engineering techniques. The recitation/laboratory component encourages and guides the application of these skills to introductory problems in engineering. The objective is to shift the emphasis from the minutia of the syntax of textual programming languages to computational thinking.

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Systematic Review on Integrating SSI into Science Education: Its Impact on 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Century Skills (2014-2024)

The Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI)-based learning approach has been recognized as an effective method in science education to develop students' essential skills. This study aims to explore the impact of SSI learning on six key skills: scientific literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, social awareness and responsibility, argumentation, and collaborative and communicative skills. This research method uses the PRISMA guideline to review relevant literature. Articles were obtained from the Scopus database with the keywords "socio-scientific issues," "socioscientific issues," and "science education" which were limited to publications from 2014 to 2024. The results of the analysis of 46 articles showed that SSI-based learning can improve students' scientific literacy through the context of global issues, such as climate change and renewable energy, which provide a deeper scientific understanding. This learning also hones students' critical thinking skills by encouraging evaluation of evidence and analysis of multiple perspectives. In addition, the SSI approach encourages problem-solving skills by inviting students to find innovative solutions to environmental and health issues, as well as increasing their social awareness and responsibility. Students also develop argumentation skills through discussions and debates, as well as collaborative skills through SSI-based projects. In conclusion, SSI learning not only enriches students' scientific understanding but also prepares them with essential skills to face global challenges in the modern era.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Parasite Lives. Papers on Parasites, their Hosts and their Associations. Ed. M. Cremin, Dobson C. and D. E. Moorhouse. 229 pages. ISBN 0 7022 2041 8. University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1986, £40.00. (Paperback $A 28.00.)

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Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND INTER-INDUSTRY LINKAGES IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES

Abstract. The article presents an analysis of the production and trade structure in three Baltic countries. Both exports and imports were emphasized, pointing out the importance of regional shifts and specialization patterns. The research was performed using the input–output model to determine the relative importance of respective production changes over time and the key differences among the Baltic countries. The paper also analyses the backward and forward inter-industry linkages of manufacturing and service industries. The results have indicated that during the period under analysis the share of sectors creating a lower value added has decreased, and a deeper economic integration was observed in the majority of industrial sectors of the Baltic countries with manifesting stronger forward linkages.Key words: inter-industry linkages, economic structure, the Baltic countries

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
3D template-based $Fermi$-LAT constraints on axion-like particles

Axion-like particles (ALPs) may be abundantly produced in core-collapse (CC) supernovae (SNe), hence the cumulative signal from all past SN events would contain an ALP component and create a diffuse flux peaked at energies of about 50 MeV. We update the calculation of this flux by including a set of CC SN models with different progenitor masses following the expected mass distribution. Additionally, we include the effects of failed CC SNe, which yield the formation of black holes instead of explosions. Relying on the coupling strength of ALPs to photons and the related Primakoff process, the diffuse SN ALP flux is converted into a diffuse gamma-ray flux while traversing the magnetic field of the Milky Way. The spatial morphology of this signal is expected to follow the shape of the Galactic magnetic field lines. We make use of this via a template-based analysis that utilizes 12 years of {\it Fermi}-LAT data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 500 GeV. This strategy yields an improvement of roughly a factor of two for the upper limit on the ALP-photon coupling constant $g_{a\gamma}$ compared to a previous analysis that accounted only for the spectral shape of the signal. While the improved SN modeling leads to a less energetic flux that is harder to detect, the combined effect is still an improvement of the limit and in particular its statistical reliability. We also show that our results are robust against variations in the modeling of high-latitude Galactic diffuse emission and systematic uncertainties of the LAT.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biological potency evaluation and characterization of rhG-CSF in pharmaceutical products

The identification of rhG-CSF was carried out in pharmaceutical preparations by non-reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting with specific antibodies, showing a single band in the 19 kDa region. The potency was assessed by the neutropenia mouse bioassay giving values between 88.4 and 122.4% of the stated potency. The precision index expressed by weight was between 141 and 432 for the independent assays. Batch-to-batch, the samples met the requirements for the safety test and bacterial endotoxins test. The biological and immunological results showed the quality of the products in clinical use and the specifications established contribute to assuring the safety and efficacy of biological medicines.<br>Realizou-se a identificação do fator estimulador da colônia de granulócitos humanos recombinante em produtos farmacêuticos por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida não redutora e imunodetecção com anticorpos específicos, que apresentaram banda única na região de, aproximadamente, 19 kDa. A avaliação de potência baseada na contagem do número de neutrófilos em camundongos com neutropenia forneceu valores entre 88,4 - 122,4 % em relação à potência declarada. A precisão expressa pela ponderação, calculada nos ensaios independentes, forneceu valores entre 141 e 432. As amostras lote-a-lote cumpriram os requisitos dos testes de toxicidade e endotoxinas bacterianas. Os resultados dos ensaios biológicos e imunológicos demonstram a qualidade dos produtos farmacêuticos em uso clínico, e as especificações sugeridas contribuem para assegurar a inocuidade e eficácia terapêutica dos produtos biológicos.

Topic: Protein purification and stability
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Career and Technical Education--Funding: Federal and State

Career and Technical Education Funding Federal and State Federal Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 Public Law 109 270 (pdf) State 2007 2008 PEIMS Course Codes CTE Indicator Code Decision Chart CTE Funding Updates Dual

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bioavailability of methyl-14C CDP-choline by oral route.

In this work, the bioavailability of the 14C-methyl-labelled cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-Choline, citicoline, Somazina), has been studied by oral route, leading to the result that it is slowly and completely absorbed, with a very low urinary and fecal elimination, thus producing maintained blood levels. The bioavailability related to oral route compared with intravenous route is practically the same.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Novel alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) inhibitors based on sulfonamide and sulfonic acid ester scaffolds

The neutral amino acid transporter alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) belongs to the solute carrier 1 (SLC1) family of transport proteins and transports neutral amino acids, such as alanine and glutamine, into the cell in exchange with intracellular amino acids. This amino acid transport is sodium dependent, but not driven by the transmembrane Na+ concentration gradient. Glutamine transport by ASCT2 is proposed to be important for glutamine homoeostasis in rapidly growing cancer cells to fulfill the energy and nitrogen demands of these cells. Thus, ASCT2 is thought to be a potential anticancer drug target. However, the pharmacology of the amino acid binding site is not well established. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of ASCT2 inhibitors based on an amino acid scaffold with a sulfonamide/sulfonic acid ester linker to a hydrophobic group. The compounds were designed based on an improved ASCT2 homology model using the human glutamate transporter hEAAT1 crystal structure as a modeling template. The compounds were shown to inhibit with a competitive mechanism and a potency that scales with the hydrophobicity of the side chain. The most potent compound binds with an apparent affinity, Ki, of 8 ± 4 µM and can block the alanine response with a Ki of 40 ± 23 µM at 200 µM alanine concentration. Computational analysis predicts inhibitor interactions with the binding site through molecular docking. In conclusion, the sulfonamide/sulfonic acid ester scaffold provides facile synthetic access to ASCT2 inhibitors with a potentially large variability in chemical space of the hydrophobic side chain. These inhibitors will be useful chemical tools to further characterize the role of ASCT2 in disease as well as improve our understanding of inhibition mechanisms of this transporter.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Sustained-Release Estradiol-17-Beta in Pellet Form on Performance of Growing-Finishing Steers

Three trials, utilizing a total of 490 growing-finishing steers, were conducted (202-260 d) in different geographical regions (Missouri, Indiana, Kansas) under different feeding and management regimens to evaluate the efficacy of a sustained-release estradiol-17-beta implant. The implant formulation consisted of a copolymer pellet (5 mm long, 2.4 mm in diameter, and 27 mg in total weight) impregnated with 19 mg estradiol and dusted with oxytetracycline-HCl. Treatments were 1) nonimplanted control, 2) positive implanted control, and 3) 19 mg, 4) 38 mg, or 5) 57 mg of estradiol in the test formulation. Implanted steers grazing native range (Kansas) gained faster (P< .05) compared to nonimplanted control steers. However, non-significant improvements were observed for cattle pastured on endophyte-infested tall fescue-red clover (Missouri) or backgrounded on a relatively high energy (75% corn silage:25% high moisture corn) program (Indiana). A treatment X experiment interaction (P< .05) indicated that steers severely restricted in the growing phase (Missouri) had no daily gain response to anabolic implants during the finishing phase. Implanting with 57 mg estradiol increased warm carcass weight by 15.4 kg (P< .05). Implanted steers had less (P< .05) body cavity fat, and tended to have less backfat, lower yield grades and larger ribeye areas. Pooled data indicate that total experiment weight gains were greater (P< .05) for all implant groups compared to the nonimplanted controls. The experimental implant was efficacious for a period of at least 200 d, but the magnitude of response to any anabolic implant may be affected by feeding and management regimen.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Residents' perceptions towards tourism in a rural Cretan community

The majority of past research on residents’ attitudes has examined the influence of various factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, economic dependency on tourism, distance that residents live from the tourist zone and stage of the host community’s development. In addition to this, the vast majority of research has been undertaken in regions where tourism is a prevalent economic activity. As a result, there are limited studies on residents’ attitudes in communities where tourism development is in its infancy. Bearing this in mind, the current paper investigates the perceptions of residents in a rural Cretan community where tourism is not well developed although the area has great potential for further development. It also assesses the influence of two factors (number of residents and place of residence - coastal vs. inland) on residents’ perceptions. Research employed a telephone survey on a sample of 65 residents. The findings of the research revealed that people leaving in coastal areas and in higher populated communities supported stronger the positive impacts of tourism on the local economy, although they expressed higher concerns about its negative impacts on the natural environment. These findings are in accordance with Doxey’s model, which suggests that residents’ perceptions and attitudes are more positive in the early stages of tourism development. Also, the study of the Cretan rural community residents revealed that there is a development gap between coastal and inland areas, as well as, between areas with low and high population density. This study, taking into consideration the above remarks, proposes measures for the future development of the area.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences