jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using a competence framework to select future medical specialists

Postgraduate deans in one UK region have developed a competence framework for selection of specialist registrars. This paper describes the process by which this was developed and adapted to 62 specialties. Evaluation demonstrated high levels of acceptability for applicants and to a lesser extent for selectors. An external review confirmed that the process was in keeping with good employment practice.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Book of Sand

Chapter 6, examines an Arabunna story of encounter at a lonely railway siding in South Australian deserts in around 1895. The tale of what happened when two South Asian men met two Aboriginal women at Alberrie Creek continues to circulate in Arabunna families today. I undertake a camping trip through South Australian deserts with Reg Dodd, the Chairman of the Arabunna People’s Committee, and show that these Arabunna histories of South Asians can offer glimpses of the terrain on which Arabunna historiographical traditions are inscribed.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cytotoxicity of Etch-and-Rinse, Self-Etch, and Universal Dental Adhesive Systems in Fibroblast Cell Line 3T3

The aim of this study was to evaluate in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxic effects of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems. The sterile glass cover slips (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">3</mml:mn></mml:math>) were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups: (1) Adper™ Single Bond 2; (2) Ambar; (3) Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose; (4) Scotchbond™ Universal; (5) Ambar Universal; and (6) OptiBond All-In-One. As a negative control, sterile glass cover slips were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability and cell morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and SEM, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). All adhesive systems except universal reduced cell viability in 3T3 cells to between 26.04% and 56.57%, and Scotchbond Universal and Ambar Universal reduced cell viability to 2.13% and 3.57%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell-free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, improvements in universal adhesive system formulations and their mechanisms of action are not accompanied by increased toxicity compared with those in other systems, warranting commitment to the use of these dentin-pulp complexes.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Methylation Status of H19/IGF2 Differentially Methylated Region in in vitro Human Blastocysts Donated by Healthy Couples

Considering the absence of in vivo- produced human embryos, it is not possible to conclude that the methylation found in H19/IGF2 DMR is actually normal or abnormal. Regarding the possible risks associated with ART, the procedures should be optimized in order to at least reduce some of the epigenetic risks.

Topic: Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
110-170 GHz Millimetre Wave Power Standard

A new power standard system for the frequency range of 110-170 GHz is reported. The system is designed for calibration of power measuring instruments equipped with WR-6-size waveguide input. The standard is based on the use of isothermal calorimeters as power unit keepers. The system has a basic calorimeter uncertainty of 1.08 %. Demand of power calibration for the frequency range of 110-170 GHz (D-band) is increasing while systems with suitable calibration capability have been, as far as it is known to the authors, hardly available. In this paper, the D-band power standard system, its capabilities, and use for calibrations are reported

Topic: Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cell Activation Mediated by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored or Transmembrane Forms of CD14

ABSTRACT CD14 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane glycoprotein which functions as a receptor on myeloid cells for ligands derived from microbial pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have studied the importance of the GPI tail of CD14 in signalling with the promonocytic cell line THP-1 expressing recombinant CD14 in a GPI-anchored form (THP1-wtCD14 cells) or in a transmembrane form (THP1-tmCD14). We found that, like other GPI-anchored molecules, GPI-anchored CD14 was recovered mainly from a Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, whereas transmembrane CD14 was fully soluble in Triton X-100. LPS induced cell activation of THP1-wtCD14 and of THP1-tmCD14 (protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and cytokine production) in a very similar manner. However, anti-CD14 antibody-induced cross-linking caused a rapid calcium mobilization signal only in GPI-anchored CD14 cells. Studies with pharmacologic inhibitors of intracellular signalling events implicate phospholipase C and protein tyrosine kinases in the genesis of this antibody-induced calcium signal. Our results suggest that GPI anchoring and CD14 targeting to glycolipid-rich membrane microdomains are not required for LPS-mediated myeloid cell activation. GPI anchoring may however be important for other signalling functions, such as those events reflected by antibody cross-linking.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The relevance theoretic perspective on legal language

The present paper aims to present legal language in the relevance-theoretic perspective. The focus is on the English legal texts. The basic research question behind the analysis is whether relevance theory, being a psychologist theory of communication, which puts emphasis on individual perception of communicative stimuli, provides an adequate framework for the description of language in restricted semantic domains, especially in the legal context. The paper addresses related issues and attempts to locate legal language analysis within the relevance-theoretic framework.

Topic: Legal Language and Interpretation
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The justifying connection, mostly in Greek

Abstract I examine in this article the discourse function of the Greek connectives jati, epiδi, and afu. After tracing a general theoretical framework for discourse connectives, I focus on the discourse function of jati and epiδi in comparison with English because. On the basis of that examination, I then study the function of afu. My aim in this article is to expose the instructions that the aformentioned connectives carry for the articulation of discourse. This is a matter of how these small words contribute to the making of complex discourse units, offering a conceptual core with particular procedural meanings and communicating cognition in particular linguistic ways.

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Affine congruence by dissection of intervals

Tarski’s circle squaring problem (see [8]) has motivated the following question: Can a circular disc be dissected into finitely many topological discs such that images of these pieces under suitable Euclidean motions form a dissection of a square? Dubins, Hirsch, and Karush give a negative answer in [1]. However, one can get positive results if the group of Euclidean motions is replaced by suitable other groups of affine maps of the plane (see [3, 5, 6, 7]). The general concept behind these phenomena is the congruence by dissection of discs with respect to some fixed group of affine transformations of R2. Let d denote the Euclidean distance in the plane R2. We recall that a topological disc D is the image of the closed unit disc {x ∈ R2 : d(x, 0) ≤ 1} under a homeomorphism of the plane onto itself. We say that D is dissected into the discs D1, . . . , Dn if D = D1∪. . .∪Dn and int(Di ) ∩ int(D j ) = ∅ for 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n, int(Di ) denoting the interior of Di . Given a group G of affine transformations of R2, two topological discs D, E are called congruent by dissection with respect to G if and only if there exist dissections of D and E into the same finite number n ≥ 1 of subdiscs D1, . . . , Dn and E1, . . . , En , respectively,

Topic: Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Perspective: Gestational Tryptophan Fluctuation Altering Neuroembryogenesis and Psychosocial Development

Tryptophan, as the sole precursor of serotonin, mainly derived from diets, is essential for neurodevelopment and immunomodulation. Gestational tryptophan fluctuation may account for the maternal-fetal transmission in determining neuroembryogenesis with long-lasting effects on psychological development. Personality disorders and social exclusion are related to psychosocial problems, leading to impaired social functioning. However, it is not clear how the fluctuation in mother-child transmission regulates the neuroendocrine development and gut microbiota composition in progeny due to that tryptophan metabolism in pregnant women is affected by multiple factors, such as diets (tryptophan-enriched or -depleted diet), emotional mental states (anxiety, depression), health status (hypertension, diabetes), and social support as well as stresses and management skills. Recently, we have developed a non-mammal model to rationalize those discrepancies without maternal effects. This perspective article outlines the possibility and verified the hypothesis in bully-victim research with this novel model: (1). Summarizes the effects of the maternal tryptophan administration on the neuroendocrine and microbial development in their offspring; (2). Highlights the inconsistency and limitations in studying the relationship between gestational tryptophan exposure and psychosocial development in humans and viviparous animals; and (3). Evidences that embryonic exposure to tryptophan and its metabolite modify bullying interactions in the chicken model. With the current pioneer researches on the biomechanisms underlying the bully-victim interaction, the perspective article provides novel insights for developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent psychological disorders among individuals, especially those who experienced prenatal stress, by controlling dietary tryptophan and medication therapy during pregnancy.

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Jonson’s Ghost and the Restoration Stage

Jonson was a key figure in rebuilding the repertoire of the revived playhouses of Restoration London, but as a model he was inhibiting as well as enabling. This essay first explores the circumstances in which his plays were revived and updated (exclusively by the King’s Company, who had their monopoly on Jonson’s plays confirmed in 1669). It goes on to look at the purposes to which the rival Duke’s Company put Jonson’s public image, as they sought to produce a Jonsonian comic output of their own. Both Thomas Shadwell and Edward Howard crafted works that drew on the plots and characters of Jonson’s comedies, particularly Epicene, concentrating the erotic themes suggested by the originals. The essay addresses Jonson’s predominance in the 1670–1 theatrical season, a crucial point at which aspects of his dramatic afterlife coalesced and the direction of comedy into the next decade was being formulated, and focuses on two Duke’s Company comedies: Shadwell’s The Humorists and Howard’s The Six Days Adventure; or, The New Utopia. It argues that these playwrights’ direct, practical efforts to enhance Jonson’s reputation (whilst strengthening their own) saw an awkward updating of humours comedy with moralistic depictions of erotic and homoerotic appetites.

Topic: Literature: history, themes, analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
In the House of Rimmon: British Aid to the Soviet Union, June–September 1941

British efforts to aid the Soviet Union in the early months of the war in the East are underexplored and simplified in the historiography of Allied supply to the Soviet Union during the Second World War. In fact, British leaders recognized within weeks of the German invasion that the Eastern Front was the most important front in the war against Nazi Germany and that the Soviets were likely to continue to resist for a long time. Britain then became increasingly committed to supplying the Soviets with material aid. Despite the difficulties involved, and Soviet uncooperativeness, British aid prior to the Moscow Supply Conference was substantial and relatively swift. The expansion of aid into a large-scale effort, later established on a lend-lease basis, had its origins in the evolution of British assessments and priorities over the summer of 1941.

Topic: Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Geochemical characteristics of the mid-acidity intrusive rocks in Nanhuashan and Xihuashan in the eastern segment of North Qilian Mountains,China

The mid-acidity intrusive rock in the studied area is mainly composed of granite and granodiorite,in which the mass fraction of SiO2 is 66.23% ~ 77.13%,and it is of the association characteristics and the geochemical characteristics of calc-alkaline rock series.In the intrusive rock,trace elements Pb,Sr,and La are enriched,while the elements Cs,Nb and Ti are lean in different degrees,which show the characteristics of mixed source magma.The total content of rare elements is 100.80~121.03 μg/g,which is lower than the world average value of acidic rocks.REE distribution pattern presents right dip type,δEu is in 0.31 ~ 0.33,and there is negative anomaly of Eu,which is similar to the geochemical characteristics of the island-arc granite from the northern Qinling in the Caledonian stage.In a whole,the mid-acidity intrusive rock is produced by the crystallization differentiation of mixed crust-mantle magmatic,which reflects the dive background of trench-arc-basin system in the northern Qilian area in the end of Middle Ordovician.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Diptera Muscomorpha

Some species of dipterous included in the infraorder Muscomorpha are of fundamental medical and veterinary importance, since they can produce myiasis and act towards transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of techniques for collecting and breeding Diptera Muscomorpha (flies) in the laboratory. The adults collected in the field were placed in a freezer for a period of 2 minutes, to be anesthetized by the cold facilitating the separation. After separation, the adults were transferred to a cage (30 cm long x 15 cm wide x 15 cm high) containing water-soaked gauze, a mixture of milk powder, brewer's yeast and sugar to feed them. For oviposition of adult females, minced meat (baits) was provided. This content with eggs and larvae was transferred to plastic cups containing fermented food for pupae development of larvae. The cups were later transferred to the adult cages for emergence. The fermented feed used as oviposition medium was the most attractive for females in the laboratory, but also maintained adequate humidity and temperature for egg development. The mixture of powdered milk, sugar and brewer's yeast was ideal for adult food. This substrate increased adult longevity and average egg productivity per female.

Topic: Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Augmenting Annual Runoff Records Using Tree-Ring Data

Reprinted from Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Vol. 1. Proceedings of the 1971 meetings of The Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science, April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona.

Topic: Tree-ring climate responses
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diversity and distribution of plankton community and physico-chemical parameters in wishpond, wishpond-aquaponics system and traditional fish pond

This study was designed to determine the interrelationship between physico-chemical parameters and plankton community in three different aquaculture systems (wishpond, wishpond aquaponics and traditional fish pond). The water quality parameters, dissolve oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, ammonia, alkalinity and transparency were monitored and found within the recommended range. Different phytoplankton of four (4) different groups were observed where Chlorophyceae group was the most dominant (8.03±0.19) × 103 cells/l in wishpond system and Euglenophyceae was the less dominant (45.86±1.15) × 103 cells/l in traditional pond system. In addition, Zooplankton of Rotifera was found the most dominant (17.81±0.09) × 103 cells/l with following Cladocera and Copepoda. A significance difference were observed in case of plankton groups among three different aquaculture systems. The interrelationship among the physico-chemical parameters, temperature showed strongest relationship with all the other physico-chemical parameters where transparency showed no relation with dissolve oxygen. In case of phytoplankton groups, all four groups showed more or less positive relationship in all three different aquaculture system. The findings of this study will assist small-scale producers in choosing and properly operating a simple aquaponics system. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2022, 7 (1), 13-22

Topic: Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Symptoms and Care Provided to Concussion Patients Who Have 72 Hour Emergency Department Revisits: A Retrospective Cohort Study (P3.335)

Objective: To characterize the symptoms and care provided to concussion patients who have 72 hour ED revisits. Background: There is limited data on ED patients with concussion. Design/Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults evaluated in an urban academic ED from May 2014-June 2015 following concussion. We searched for patients with 72-hour ED revisits with either a chief complaint or discharge diagnosis on either visit concerning for concussion. Patients' records were examined for selected variables relevant to ED care of concussion. Results: There were 67,862 visits and 2,151 72-hour revisits to our ED. Concussion search criteria were met by 195 patients. Chart review confirmed diagnosis in 19 patients with concussion who revisited the ED within 72 hours for related symptoms. Concussion characteristics at the initial visit included headache 68[percnt], nausea/vomiting 26[percnt], and cognitive changes 21[percnt]. At the revisit, patients reported headache 58[percnt], nausea/vomiting 42[percnt], and cognitive changes 5[percnt]. 89[percnt] had imaging during at least one visit. During the first ED visit, 63[percnt] underwent imaging. 74[percnt] reported moderate- severe pain, and 58[percnt] received an analgesic, most commonly acetaminophen (42[percnt]) and ibuprofen (21[percnt]). 16[percnt] were administered an anti-emetic. 17[percnt] were given a prescription (acetaminophen or ibuprofen) on the initial discharge (17[percnt]). At the revisit, 36[percnt] received a prescription on discharge. 53[percnt] received concussion-specific instructions on initial visit only, 21[percnt] received them on the second visit. A concussion center referral was given to 37[percnt] during initial ED discharge, and to 47[percnt] during the second visit. Conclusions: This is the first snapshot of concussion patients who revisit the ED. Most received neuroimaging at the initial encounter. While most were in pain and given medication during the visit, few were prescribed medication. Only half received concussion specific discharge instructions. These findings suggest target areas for improvement of ED care for patients with concussion.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Foreign aid policy and its growth effect in Nepal

Donors are perplexed, as aid has been unable to reinforce growth in many underdeveloped countries. In this paper, specific attention has been diverted towards various issues pertinent to the aid-growth relationship; in particular, we discuss Nepal due to its uniqueness. A general conclusion is that donors should conduct more research to country-specific problems and attributes, such as the sociocultural factors before they disburse any kind of aid. In case of Nepal, the country would be better off if the donors assume exclusive control over the project and work directly with the local bodies, NGOs or other consulting companies, rather than the government.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PORT GOVERNANCE: SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE INSTITUTIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF PORTS IN EUROPE AND

For the last thirty years, port governance has been marked by a new level of complexity which has resulted in the reshaping of the system of actors involved in the organization of ports. Devolution, which is taking place on most of the world’s port ranges has thus altered the public-private division, i.e. the respective roles played by the different tiers of government and private operators in operation and regulation functions. There is an abundant literature on this topic, particularly in economics and management and the work of international organizations. This research has cast much light on the new modes of governance and is now attempting to explain how they are linked to port performance Models of port governance frequently consider the “public sector ” to be a homogeneous entity and rather less research has examined its variety, i.e. the different categories of public sector actors that run the institutional levels that control the ports. The aim of this paper is thus to provide some insights into this question of the institutional geography of ports by identifying the various tiers of government, the functions they perform and how they are linked with each other in a number of ports. It draws on the main findings of research carried out for the

Topic: Maritime Ports and Logistics
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences