jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cancer-testis antigen specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells for cancer immunotherapy

Adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promising results in early phase clinical trials, in particular when treating hematological malignancies. In this novel immunotherapeutic approach, isolated autologous T cells are ex vivo engineered to express a CAR, expanded to obtain sufficient cell numbers and finally infused back to the patient. Such CAR T cells are redirected to a predefined target antigen by an antibody derived binding domain and have been shown to substantially reduce the tumor burden as long as the cancer cells present the target antigen. However, solid tumors do not express exclusive target antigens, thereby hampering therapeutic safety due to potential on-target/off-tumor toxicity. In this project, we developed CARs that contain phage display selected fully human antibody binding domains specific for the tumor associated antigens AKAP4, SP17 and SPAG9. In healthy tissues, the expression of these so called cancer-testis antigens is restricted to spermatocytes, however, it has been shown that their expression can be upregulated in certain tumor entities most probably due to deregulated epigenetic events. We successfully selected AKAP4, SP17 and SPAG9 antibody fragments (scFvs) from human B cell repertoires that were further characterized as soluble scFv-hFc fusion proteins. We demonstrated antigen specificity by ELISA and SPR spectroscopy as well as surface binding to several tumor cell lines representing colorectal, ovarian, plasma cell and B cell cancers. Importantly, we also observed binding of the scFv-hFc fusion proteins to primary plasma cells isolated from multiple myeloma patients, but neither to plasma cells from two 2 out of 3 patients showing unremarkable bone marrow morphology, nor to peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from healthy donors. SP17 and SPAG9 specific scFv lead candidates were fused as antigen binding domain to five different CAR backbones that contained either CD8α or hFc extracellular spacer domains and intracellular second or third generation stimulatory domains. The second generation CAR constructs showed superior characteristics compared to the third generation CARs as indicated by higher transduction efficiencies of the T cells and a higher surface expression of the CAR molecule. In addition, T cells expressing the second generation CARs showed less signs of T cell exhaustion, preferentially differentiated toward the central memory phenotype and showed specific cytotoxicity towards ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma cell lines. We here provide the basis for a novel cellular therapy by redirecting CAR T cells to tumor specific cancer-testis antigens to safely treat various cancer entities.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Retrospective assessment of environmental and economic relations

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the ecological system and the economic system in different periods of economic development. Using the characteristics of each economic period, the state of the environment is determined. The article shows that over a long period of the history of mankind, social and economic activity of a person weakly affects the environment, and the environment is not a scarce resource. Only after the industrial revolution did the human impact on the environment increase significantly, making the favorable environment scarce and, thus, becoming the subject of economic research.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Age of Lower Cretaceous Cores from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 535, Southeastern Gulf of Mexico

Cretaceous deep-water limestones from Site 535 have low intensities of magnetization, but stable inclinations (37.8° ±7.3) that can readily be isolated after demagnetization to 25 oersteds. The magnetic stratigraphy of the studied por-tion (sub-bottom depth 354.0-515.5 m) shows only two reverse samples, which may be the result of misorientation. The micropaleontological dating of this section as Albian to Hauterivian had implied that several reversals from the M anomaly sequence would be observed. The presence of only normally magnetized samples suggests instead that the studied portion is completely within the Cretaceous long normal zone (Santonian to Aptian). Thus the paleomagnetic data indicate that the micropaleontological dates are too old, a contention supported by postcruise ammonite studies.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficiency in linear fractional vector maximization problem with nonlinear constraints

Abstract A vector maximum problem (VMP) with linear fractional objectives and non-linear constraints is considered and a condition is derived which is both necessary and sufficient for an efficient solution of (VMP). This study subsumes the results of Isekmann [3] and Kaul and Gupta [4]. AMS 1980 Subject Classifications: Primary: 90 C 31Secondary: 90 C 32Keywords: Vector optimizationlinear fractional programmingefficient points

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Spherical Assembly of Trigonal Gultathione by Disulfide Recombination

Abstract Nanospheres formed by self-assembly of trigonal glutathione (TG) underwent disulfide recombination upon addition of dithiothreitol. Guest molecules encapsulated in the nanospheres were gradually released during the recombination process.

Topic: Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bioassay Screening for Novel 2-Cyanoacrylate Compounds to Three Pathogens

The high fungicidal activity of 2-cyanoacrylate compounds against the wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis) and the wheat sharp eye spot(Rhizoctorua solani) has been discovered after research and development of 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylacylic acetate(JS 399-19).The experiments showed that a new compound,JS 399E12,had excellent fungicidal activity to wheat powdery mildew.It's EC50 was 1.339 7 mg/L.And another new compound,JS 399F05,had good activity to wheat sharp eye spot.It's control effect was over 90 percent at dosage of 50 mg/L.In the lab condition,JS 399-19 had excellent activity against wheat scab(Fusarium graminearum) but no effect against wheat powdery mildew and wheat sharp eye spot.This research also provided some reference to R D of 2-cyanoacrylate's compounds.

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Integrating distributed heterogeneous information sources for cultural heritage: the DICE approach

We present the first results of an ongoing Italian research project named DICE (distributed infrastructure for cultural heritage). DICE aims at developing an innovative methodology and a technological infrastructure for integrating heterogeneous information belonging to different sources and allowing a more effective access to the immense cultural heritage in Italy by means of a Web interface. DICE addresses professional operators (tour operators, editors, directorates, researchers, etc.) who use DICE as unique source for discovering interesting pieces of information and act as "cultural mediators" towards the final users. From an architectural point of view, DICE is based on a peer-to-peer network in which each peer owns some information potentially interesting for the DICE community and participating to the network it "exposes" its database allowing other users accessing them through a unified navigational interface. From the organizational point of view, DICE supposes the community agrees on a common "representation model" and a sharing policy.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Empirical Assessment and Theoretical Model of Student Productivity in Learning

Reza G. Hamzaee Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, USA Seth A. Parker Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Kansas City, USA  In response to an applied learning problem encountered by most students, this research is motivated to establish a theoretical economic model of knowledge production. The research problem here lacks enough productivity in many students’ academic preparation and learning. Hence, a strong need for applied learning has also motivated this study. The authors did a major survey on MWSU campus to compile data for testing their mathematical-economic model of productivity involving an isocost-isoquant approach. Some designated research questions in this study are: How is productivity in preparation and learning defined? What are students’ perceptions of instructors’ roles in their productivity? What reliable productivity/learning model could be offered, which would be statistically fit and significant? Among several survey-based findings, in response to a question “What role should instructors play in students’ productivity?”. The majority of the respondents (80%) responded: “Teaching most responsibly, clearly, and with enough emphasis on the most important components of materials”. Applied learning is an economic return to an efficient investment in human capital, which would empower one to influence one’s environment at large. An objective (post-theory) learning assessment will be another emphasis in this research project.

Topic: Higher Education Research Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Deep-level impurities in CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells

We have studied deep-level impurities in CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells by capacitance–voltage (C–V), deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and optical DLTS (ODLTS). CdTe devices were grown by close-spaced sublimation. Using DLTS, a dominant electron trap and two hole traps were observed. These traps are designated as E1 at EC−0.28 eV, H1 at EV+0.34 eV, and H2 at EV+0.45 eV. The presence of the E1 and H1 trap levels was confirmed by ODLTS. The H1 trap level is due to Cu-induced substitutional defects. The E1 trap level is believed to be a deep donor and is attributed to the doubly ionized interstitial Cu or a Cu complex. The E1 trap is an effective recombination center and is a lifetime killer.

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DISO: A Domain Ontology for Modeling Dislocations in Crystalline Materials

Crystalline materials, such as metals and semiconductors, nearly always contain a special defect type called dislocation. This defect decisively determines many important material properties, e.g., strength, fracture toughness, or ductility. Over the past years, significant effort has been put into understanding dislocation behavior across different length scales via experimental characterization techniques and simulations. This paper introduces the dislocation ontology (DISO), which defines the concepts and relationships related to linear defects in crystalline materials. We developed DISO using a top-down approach in which we start defining the most general concepts in the dislocation domain and subsequent specialization of them. DISO is published through a persistent URL following W3C best practices for publishing Linked Data. Two potential use cases for DISO are presented to illustrate its usefulness in the dislocation dynamics domain. The evaluation of the ontology is performed in two directions, evaluating the success of the ontology in modeling a real-world domain and the richness of the ontology.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis on Some Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Bulla of Enset (E. Ventricosum) with Supporting Soil sample in West Showa Zone

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of essential and non essential metals in Bulla of Ensete ventricosum and soil samples in West Showa Zone.K and Na were analyzed using FAES, Ca and Mg were determined complecometric titration method and the other metals with FAAS after appropriate quality control measures were undertaken to verify and maintain the quality of the data generated.The optimized wet digestion method for Bulla and soil analysis was found effective for all of the minerals and as it was evaluated through the recovery experiment, a good percentage recovery 96.85% (Fe in Bulla) to 112% (Pb in soil) was obtained for the minerals identified.The results of this study showed that the average concentrations were ranged in order decreasing in (mgkg -1 ) 3366.28(K) >1881.57(Na)> 593.44(Mg) > 862.85(Ca) > 55.68(Fe) > 6.99(Zn)>3.09(Cu)>2.96(Mn).Cd and Pb were not detected for Bulla and 3521.11(K)>3497.85(Mg)>3461.59(Fe)>3294.93(Ca)>1096.89(Na)>(93.99(Mn)>16.74(Zn)>3.77(Cu)>0.26(Cd)for soil sample and Pb was not detected.The concentrations of the metals were also compared with recommended maximum permissible limits and some international reports; and found to be in a good agreement indicating no exposure risk of using the bulla and corm of Ensete ventricosumunder the current situation.Statistical test of significance using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the values of metals in the bulla and soil samples obtained from all the sampling sites except Zn and Fe for bulla and Ca in soil.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Marshall and Taney: Statesmen of the Law

Marshall and Taney: Statesmen of the Law. By Ben W. Palmer. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1939. x + 281 pp. Frontispiece. $3.50.) Get access Dice R. Anderson Dice R. Anderson Wesleyan College, Macon, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 28, Issue 1, June 1941, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.2307/1886768 Published: 01 June 1941

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bringing New Families to the Museum One Baby at a Time

AbstractAbstractBring Your Baby to the Danforth Museum of Art is a program for mothers. Unlike other museum programs that focus on the needs of children, Bring Your Baby caters to the intellectual interests of the adult parent. Parents leam about artworks, play with babies in a beautiful environment, and socialize with other families. The program is a joyful experience that attracts new families to the museum.

Topic: Museums and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Degraded Mitochondrial DNA is a Newly Identified Subtype of the Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) Family and Possible Trigger of Neurodegeneration

We previously showed a preferential degradation and down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA and RNA in hamster fibroblasts in response to hydrogen peroxide. Subsequent studies by others demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA can stimulate immune cells as a DAMP (damage associated molecular patterns) family member. However, the actual physical structure of this mitochondrial DNA DAMP and its importance in non-immune cell types are poorly understood. Here we report that transfected oxidant-initiated degraded mitochondrial polynucleotides, which we term "DeMPs", strongly induce the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor α in mouse primary astrocytes. Additionally, proinflammatory IL1β was induced, implicating DeMPs in inflammasome activation. Furthermore, human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were found to contain detectable DeMP signal. Finally, significant degradation of mitochondrial DNA was observed in response to either a bolus or steady state hydrogen peroxide. Combined, these studies demonstrate, all for the first time, that a pathophysiologically relevant form of mitochondrial DNA (degraded) can elicit a proinflammatory cytokine induction; that a brain cell type (astrocytes) elicits a proinflammatory cytokine induction in response to these DeMPs; that this induction includes the inflammasome; that astrocytes are capable of inflammasome activation by DeMPs; that DeMPs are detectable in CSF and plasma; and that hydrogen peroxide can stimulate an early stage cellular degradation of mitochondrial DNA. These results provide new insights and are supportive of our hypothesis that DeMPs are a newly identified trigger of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, which are known to be associated with early stage inflammation and oxidation.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Virtual machine migration techniques for managing time-varied workloads

This paper studies the virtual machine migration problem under dynamic traffic environment in data centers, while considering the tradeoff among resource utilization, energy consumption, and migration frequency. We use the service level agreement (SLA) soft threshold model to avoid frequent peak migrations at the migration trigger point. In the source virtual machine selection process, the maximum relevance is considered during the virtual machines selection method to improve resource coupling. In the destination server selection, the multi-resource relevance and matching method is used to solve the coupling problem of a single resource and the matching problem of a variety of resources. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm can improve the utilization rate of server resources to reduce power consumption and ensure system stability by reducing migration times. We also show that compared to existing techniques the algorithm used in this study can better adapt to dynamic changes of workloads.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surface-integral formalism of deuteron stripping

The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative theory of deuteron stripping to resonance states based on the surface-integral formalism of Kadyrov et al. [Ann. Phys. 324, 1516 (2009)] and continuum-discretized coupled channels (CDCC). First we demonstrate how the surface-integral formalism works in the three-body model and then we consider a more realistic problem in which a composite structure of target nuclei is taken via optical potentials. We explore different choices of channel wave functions and transition operators and show that a conventional CDCC volume matrix element can be written in terms of a surface-integral matrix element, which is peripheral, and an auxiliary matrix element, which determines the contribution of the nuclear interior over the variable rnA. This auxiliary matrix element appears because of the inconsistency in treating of the n-A potential: This potential should be real in the final state to support bound states or resonance scattering and complex in the initial state to describe n-A scattering. Our main result is formulation of the theory of the stripping to resonance states using the prior form of the surface-integral formalism and CDCC method. It is demonstrated that the conventional CDCC volume matrix element coincides with the surface matrix element, which converges for the stripping to the resonance state. Also the surface representation (over the variable rnA) of the stripping matrix element enhances the peripheral part of the amplitude although the internal contribution does not disappear and increases with an increase of the deuteron energy. We present calculations corroborating our findings for both stripping to the bound state and the resonance.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures and the retinal nerve fiber layer thinning

Aim We describe a report of three cases of bilateral Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-Like Structures (PHOMS), their respective multimodal imaging, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis over time. Methods We performed an elaborated multimodal imaging of three pediatric patients with PHOMS. We performed a visual acuity testing, followed by a biomicroscopic and fundus examination, an additional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), infra-red (IR), fluorescein angiography (FA), Scanning laser Ophtalmoscopy (SLO), and retro-mode imaging. Furthermore, we analyzed RNFL thickness over several consecutive visits. Results The multimodal approach exhibited similar characteristics of PHOMS in all eyes, namely a torus-like shaped that was particularly demarcated and well visualized using SLO and retro-mode tool. In all the eyes, we found a downward trend of the RNFL over time. In both the right and left eye, RNFL at presentation averaged at 152.33 ± 25.42 and 130 ± 18.33 microns, respectively. Several weeks after, it averaged at 142 ± 30.34 and 125.67 ± 14.84 microns, respectively. Conclusions Our report shows a thinning trend of the RNFL thickness over time in patients with PHOMS.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INCIDENCE AND DAMAGE OF MEALY BUGS DROSICHA MANGIFERAE GREEN (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) ON MANGO MANGIFERA INDICA L. FROM KOLHAPUR DISTRICT, INDIA

Mango Mangenifera indica L, the king of all fruits is cultivated in about 7, 50,000 hectares in Indian subcontinent. The varieties like hapus, grafted and hybrids are more susceptible to insect pests including Mealy bugs, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Therefore, incidence and damage caused by D. mangiferae on mango verities hapus, grafted and hybrids have been studied from Kolhapur district during the years 2011- 2013. The pest occurred on the crop in December and caused extensive damage to crop by sucking cell sap from tender leaves, stem, flowering and fruiting bodies which resulted in extensive fall of flowering and fruiting bodies. The Mealy bug population was associated with crop up to ripening of fruits which disfigured and made the fruits insipid in the Kolhapur region. Hapus, grafted and other hybrid verities of Mango were equally susceptible to Mealy bug attack in the region. Preventive control measures are suggested in the paper.

Topic: Research on scale insects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Local adjuvants for benign aggressive bone tumors

Benign aggressive bone tumors include giant cell tumors, chondroblastomas, unicameral bone cysts, and aneurysmal bone cysts. They are neoplasms that rarely metastasize but may be locally aggressive and frequently recur. Treatment formerly included wide resection but now increasingly involves curettage to preserve the involved limb and prevent surgical complications. Local adjuvants are used to expand the zone of tumor death and lower recurrence rates. Here, local adjuvants are discussed, including their mechanism, use in studies, and related complications.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences