jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who's Seeking Whom? Coalition Behavior of a Weaker Player in Buyer–Supplier Relationships

Our intent with this research is to articulate propositions for coalition building behaviors involving the weaker player in a buyer–supplier relationship. The context of our study begins in dyads, but grows into triads as coalitions are formed. We consider coalition formation arising from power asymmetry in dyadic buyer–supplier relationships. However, when a weaker player pairs up with another player, the context of our study becomes triads (i.e., buyer–supplier–supplier or buyer–buyer–supplier). On the basis of coalition theory, we identify three archetypes and then formulate four coalition conditions under each archetype. Each coalition condition, framed in a supply network triad, constitutes a finding. For instance, we propose that a supplier in a weaker power position in a buyer–supplier–supplier triad would try to create a coalition with another supplier to gain leverage against a common buyer. According to coalition theory, it does not matter whether this new supplier has more or less power compared with the old supplier as long as their coalition collectively yields more power than the buyer. By the same token, two buyers would create a coalition to gain leverage against a common supplier if their coalition collectively yields more power than the supplier. Furthermore, the buyer would create a coalition with a second‐tier supplier if the buyer is in a weaker power position compared with the first‐tier supplier and their coalition would yield more power against the first‐tier supplier. This study marks one of the first attempts at formally theorizing the weaker player in the buyer–supplier relationship. It also marks the first attempt at applying coalition theory to supply chain dynamics and it extends emerging work in supply network triads.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Formulasi strategi distributor alat dan mesin pertanian (studi kasus pt bina pertiwi)

Indonesia as an agrarian country faces the challenge of how to increase&#13;\nagricultural productivity to meet increasing needs. One way to increase agricultural&#13;\nproductivity is by mechanizing agriculture. For the passage of good mechanization&#13;\nof agriculture there is a need for adequate amounts of agricultural equipment and&#13;\nmachinery (alsintan). Thus, in Indonesia, alsintan is one of the businesses that still&#13;\nhas a large opportunity to develop. The existence of healthy agricultural machinery&#13;\ndistributor company is also expected to be one of the supporters of the success of&#13;\nagricultural mechanization in Indonesia.&#13;\nPT Bina Pertiwi (BP) is one of Indonesia's private companies which is a&#13;\nsubsidiary of PT United Tractors Tbk (UT). The company's main business is trading&#13;\nin agricultural machinery and equipment. Other business lines are forklifts,&#13;\ngenerator sets, construction machinery and the latest are heavy equipment&#13;\naftermarket parts. With a fairly diverse business line, this company is inseparable&#13;\nfrom the challenges of slow business growth as a result of external and internal&#13;\nchanges. In the period of 2014 to 2018 PT Bina Pertiwi experienced a stagnant value&#13;\nof sales growth and declining profits.&#13;\nThe objectives of this study are: 1) To analyze the strategic factors of the&#13;\nexternal and internal environment that affect the growth of the business of PT Bina&#13;\nPertiwi, 2) Formulate strategies that can be applied to increase the business growth&#13;\nof PT Bina Pertiwi, 3) Develop a strategies road map of PT Bina Pertiwi.&#13;\nThe method used consists of strategic factors analysis of the external&#13;\nenvironment with the framework of Politic, Economy, Social, Technology,&#13;\nEnvironment, Legal (PESTEL) and Porter’s 5 forces and internal factors with&#13;\nfunctional frameworks (marketing, sales, operations, finance, HR), External Factors&#13;\nEvaluation (EFE) analysis, Internal Factors Evaluation (IFE) analysis, Internal&#13;\nExternal (IE) matrix analysis, SWOT matrix analysis, and strategic architecture.&#13;\nThe results of the analysis show BP's external strategic factors include 6&#13;\nopportunities and 6 threats. The internal strategic factors include 5 strengths and 4&#13;\nweaknesses. In this study BP obtained EFE 2.617 and IFE 3.047. The position of&#13;\nBP in the IE matrix is quadrant IV which means grow &amp; build with a choice of&#13;\nintensive and integrative strategies.&#13;\nThe results of the SWOT analysis provide BP with several strategies that can&#13;\nbe implemented, namely in the form of 7 SO strategies, 3 ST strategies, 5 WO&#13;\nstrategies. The choice of strategy is then compiled in a strategic architecture to&#13;\nbecome a road map for BP in the next 4 years towards the goals and objectives set&#13;\nby the company.

Topic: Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Turkey’s proactive contestation of EU sanctions against Russia: European normative order vs. geopolitical realities

This article offers a critical discussion of third-country access to normative contestation within the European normative order. It empirically examines the external contestation of the EU's recent sanctions policy directed towards Russia by Turkey, a candidate state, and elaborates on the context in which Turkey contested and renegotiated the normative validity of the EU's sanction policy. The study empirically suggests that Turkey, while behaviourally practising non-compliance, accessed the European normative order and negotiated the normativity of its non-alignment. In the making of this proactive contestation, the normativity of the country's positions and the invalidity of the sanctions policy have been widely negotiated in domestic politics by the political elites. Eventually, Turkey, against the EU's expectations from a candidate state, turned the normative monologue on the sanctions into a multilogue of legitimate normative differences on the validity claims of a united action.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
City Folk: English Country Dance and the Politics of the Folk in Modern America

Journal Article City Folk: English Country Dance and the Politics of the Folk in Modern America Get access City Folk: English Country Dance and the Politics of the Folk in Modern America. By Daniel J. Walkowitz. (New York: New York University Press, 2010. xvi, 335 pp. $35.00, ISBN978-0-8147-9469-2.) April F. Masten April F. Masten State University of New York Stony Brook, New York amasten@notes.cc.sunysb.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 98, Issue 3, December 2011, Pages 918–919, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jar437 Published: 01 December 2011

Topic: Diversity and Impact of Dance
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies in Sigmatropic Rearrangement: Synthesis of a [6,6]Pyranothiopyran Ring System by Sequential Claisen Rearrangement and Pyridine Hydrotribromide Mediated Regioselective “6‐Endo” Cyclization.

4-(4‘-Aryloxybut-2‘-ynylthio)[1]benzopyran-2-ones are refluxed in chlorobenzene to afford 4-aryloxymethylthiopyrano[3,2-&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;][1]benzopyran-5(2&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;)-ones which are subsequently subjected to heating in &lt;i&gt;o&lt;/i&gt;-dichlorobenzene in the presence of &lt;i&gt;N,N&lt;/i&gt;-diethylaniline and then treated with pyridine\nhydrotribromide to give [6,6]pyranothiopyrans in almost quantitative yield.

Topic: Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Analysis of Michael R. Gottfredson and Travish Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime

Michael R. Gottfredson and Travish Hirschi’s 1990 A General Theory of Crime is a classic text that helped reshape the discipline of criminology. It is also a testament to the powers of clear reasoning and interpretation. 
In critical thinking terms, reasoning is all about presenting a solid and persuasive case – and as many people instinctively understand, the most persuasive reasoning is that which bases itself on a single, simple hook. In Gottfredson and Hirschi’s case, this hook was what has come to be known as the “self-control theory of crime” – the idea that the tendency to commit crime is directly related to an individual’s level of self-control. 
While the dominant schools of thought of the time tended to focus on crime as the product of complex environmental factors, with little attempt to unify different theories, Gottfredson and Hirschi sought to interpret things so as to provide a single overarching concept that explained why crimes of all sorts were committed. Moreover, while other theories of crime concentrated on understanding and explaining specific types of law-breaking, the self-control model could, in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s view, be seen as the basis for understanding the root cause for all crime in all contexts. While such simplicity inevitably attracted as much criticism as agreement, subsequent studies have provided real-world corroboration for the General Theory’s persuasive reasoning.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A FIWARE-based IoT Framework for Smart Water Distribution Management

A key axis of design and implementation of sustainable water management solutions is based on the application of IoT, which enable the deployment of monitoring systems across the water distribution network, facilitate data acquisition in an automated manner and provide a rich set of data. Distributed software architectures are acknowledged as vital to realize smart water management systems, especially in large-scale and complex deployments with heterogeneous interacting entities. Current smart water systems mainly use commercial IoT platforms with only a few researches rooting for open source software solutions. However, both approaches have limitations as the closed APIs of commercial IoT platforms have been accused of hindering open market evolution, while open source solutions lack interoperability and data integration/sharing mechanisms. This paper presents an IoT framework based on FIWARE that aims to realize a highly flexible standards-based open source software solution for the development of smart water systems. We designed an architecture consisting of various FIWARE software components and two dashboard applications. We have also constructed a digital model of a part of a water distribution network and used a simulation dataset to showcase the framework's functionality and data visualization aspects.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT'S ACCOUNTABILITY FOR ACCIDENT VICTIMS IN SERVICE EMERGENCY

The victim of a traffic accident is one of the patients who need immediate medical treatment to avoid disability or death. Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health states that the obligation for every health service facility, both government and private, has an obligation to provide health services for the rescue and prevention of further disabilities. Emergency services risk a person's survival. Therefore from a juridical point of view, there are some exceptions that are different from ordinary circumstances. The novelty of this study is that it examines the Responsibility of Hospital Management toward Accident Victims in Emergency Services. This study aims to determine and analyze the fulfillment of the rights of accident victims and the responsibility of hospital management to accident victims in emergency services. This type of research is normative juridical legal research with descriptive research methods. The data secondary data used consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection through literature studies. After the data is obtained, the data is then processed by means of data inspection, editing, and systematic data, which is then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of this study show that the fulfillment of the rights of accident victims in emergency services at the hospital is in accordance with laws and regulations. This is evidenced by the fulfillment of patient rights, including no discriminatory treatment and not asking for a down payment for patients with emergency situations. The conclusion of this study is that the responsibility of hospital management for handling accident victims in emergency services has been fulfilled by providing human resources and facilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Keywords: Accountability; Emergency Services

Topic: Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Endotoxin Contamination of Single-Use Sterile Surgical Gloves

<b>Aim:</b> Strict endotoxin limits are enforced for implants and catheters inserted into the body. However, no standard limit has been set for single-use sterile surgical gloves. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Four types of gloves sold in Japan were dipped in saline and that endotoxin levels were measured. Cytokine producing activity of gloves in blood was also measured. <b>Results:</b> Three of the four types of gloves showed endotoxin contamination. We also confirmed an increase in cytokine production in these gloves except one glove in which anionic surfactants was found. <b>Conclusion:</b> The extent to which detected endotoxins enter the body during surgery is controversial, but strict endotoxin limits need to be established.

Topic: Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Isomorphic-Based Model in IT/IS Assimilation

The isomorphic view offers an approach to understanding IT/IS diffusion and the adoption process caused by isomorphism within a specific environment, mainly industry. This proccess can be an answer to the pressures that organizations receive to be similar. With the purpose of analyzing this proccess, we have, using multi-variant analysis, identified an IT/IS adoption typology through a sample of organizations coming from main industries. This typology has allowed us to evaluate IT/IS isomorphism, and to analyze the explanatory potential of the isomorphic approach in order to evaluate IT/IS assimilation in organizations.

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The monkey grasshoppers, genus Zeromastax Porras (Eumastacinae, Eumastacidae, Orthoptera): two new species from the Neotropics

The identification of Eumastacidae is normally based on the study of phallic complex. However, the genus Zeromastax possesses additional characters that easily differentiate it from other eumastacids. These are ten antenomeres, spines located ventrally on the posterior femur, spur in the distal part of hind tibiae, micropterous condition and the phallic complex with subepiphallic sclerite. Two new species are described, Z. aris and Z. malavasei from the Andean region of Colombia, which show differences in external anatomy including the pronotum, shape of tegmina and coloration pattern, as well as several differences in the phallic complex.

Topic: Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Youth, Temporality, and Territorial Stigma: Finding Good in Camden, New Jersey

Abstract The concept of “territorial stigmatisation” identifies the role of symbolic denigration in the production of marginalised places. In this paper, I draw on ethnographic research with a food justice organisation in Camden, New Jersey, to examine youth's responses to territorial stigma. The analysis demonstrates how Black and Latinx youth rewrite the story of Camden in a way that locates the “good” within it, using narratives of the city's prosperous history and possible futures to recuperate value within a stigmatised place. I argue that the perspectives of youth illuminate the temporal dimensions of territorial stigma, situating the blemish of place in relation to conceptions of individual and social change. The article contributes to a growing literature examining the strategic responses of those who dwell in pathologised places. Because youth are uniquely situated within the production of place, their perspectives offer important insights in this process.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Prototype 11 Metre Modern Michelson Stellar Interferometer

Abstract The Astronomy Department of the University of Sydney is currently exploring the feasibility of building a Micheson stellar interferometer using modern techniques and detectors to surmount the atmospheric and stability problems that limited the development of the original Michelson interferometers. The main part of this programme is the design and construction of an 11 m fixed baseline prototype instrument to establish whether fringe visibility can be measured with an accuracy better than ±2% over a range of atmospheric seeing conditions and instrumental parameters. The design of the prototype instrument, its status and prospects are discussed.

Topic: Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Swiss Trap R6 pollen surface sample dataset

Raw data for the Swiss Trap R6 pollen surface sample dataset submitted to the Neotoma Paleoecology Database. Data is available through the landing page in JSON format. The landing page referenced by the DOI also contains links to publications and a map-based viewer for the dataset. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database maintains a homepage at https://www.neotomadb.org.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reclaiming the Workplace as an Emancipatory Learning Site

Drawing on the seminal works of Jurgen Habermas, Axel Honneth, Andre Gorz, and Shoshana Zuboff, this article searches in the Marxian tradition for clues to assert claims that the struggle for an emancipatory consciousness and practices must include the workplace. This article examines the kind of arguments that might open the way to reclaim the workplace as a fundamental developmental domain for human beings. It does not provide an exhaustive review of work literature.

Topic: Critical Theory and Philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Participatory learning theories: a framework for early childhood pedagogy

This paper continues scholarly conversations about appropriate theories of development to underpin early childhood pedagogy. It focuses on sociocultural theoretical perspectives and proposes that participatory learning theories (PLTs) underpin pedagogy built on principles specified in three curricular documents. Further, the paper argues that the outcomes of participatory learning contest accepted understandings of knowledge outcomes and instead comprise notions such as funds of knowledge, dispositions and working theories. A ‘participation plus’ model of pedagogy is posited as emanating from PLTs and associated outcomes. Resulting challenges for research and pedagogy are discussed.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary table S2 from T Cells Expressing Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT Are Enriched in Follicular Lymphoma Tumors and Characterized by Reversible Suppression of T-cell Receptor Signaling

&lt;p&gt;Table S2. Expression of TIGIT ligands in B cells and T cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Adequacy of Multinomial Logit Model with Nominal Responses over Binary Logit Model

The aim of this study was to fit a multinomial logit model and check whether any gain achieved by this complicated model over binary logit model. It is quite common in practice, the categorical response have more than two levels. Multinomial logit model is a straightforward extension of binary logit model. When response variable is nominal with more than two levels and the explanatory variables are mixed of interval and nominal scale, multinomial logit analysis is appropriate than binary logit model. The maximum likelihood method of estimation is employed to obtain the estimates and consequently Wald test and likelihood ratio test have been used. The findings suggest that parameter estimates under two logits were similar since neither Wald statistic was significant. Thus, it can be concluded that complicated multinomial logit model was no better than the simpler binary logit model. In case of response variable having more than two levels in categorical data analysis, it is strongly recommended that the adequacy of the multinomial logit model over binary logit model should be justified in its fitting process.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis): A report of four cases from north east India

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common disease of the geriatric age group in the western world, with a prevalence of 0.2% in the fifty plus age group. It is an important cause of morbidity, with irreversible visual loss being the most ominous complication. This diagnosis is an important consideration in all cases of new onset headache in elderly subjects. Reports of giant cell arteritis are few and far between in the Indian subcontinent. In this report, we describe the clinical details of four cases of giant cell arteritis, detected at Guwahati, Assam. The four patients were in the 70-82 age group. Sex distribution was equal. All of them had polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), with one case displaying an initial presentation as only PMR. Cardinal manifestation was a severe headache, frequently accompanied by scalp allodynia and abnormalities of the superficial temporal artery (STA) on examination. STA biopsy yielded histopathological confirmation in three patients. Permanent visual loss was noted in one patient. These cases highlight the importance of assessing the possibility of giant cell arteritis through appropriate clinical history, estimation of acute phase reactants and the judicious use of superficial temporal artery biopsy, to clinch the diagnosis.

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences