jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cardiovascular Behavioral Research for Youth Health Promotion

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has funded school and family-based research studies for more than a decade. The scientific background for focusing on the major cardiovascular health behaviors with youth is reviewed, as well as the importance of the components in the school health program as a framework for the multiple considerations in school health research. A synthesis of 10 NHLBI funded studies is presented including the sociodemographic characteristics of study populations, study designs, interventions, measures, and results. The studies address single or multiple behaviors, elementary and high school age groups, and multiple ethnic/racial groups, and test various combinations of curriculum, parental involvement, and environmental changes (including school food service).

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Poetry: An ancillary technique in couples group therapy

Abstract The use of poetry as an ancillary technique in couples groups is examined. In noting the use of the arts in family and group therapy, poetry is suggested as an additional method of facilitating group process and breaking down resistance with couples. While the use of poetry in therapy has been described elsewhere, it has received little attention with couples and family therapy. Some techniques described in this report include the use of reactions to a poem or song; the construction of collaborative and dyadic poems; and the development of images from dialogue. An example of a short-term couples group is presented. Therapists are cautioned about the limitations of the method, such as supporting intellectualizations. Utilized as a medium, poetry can be an aid to the therapist in helping clients express feelings and examine communication patterns.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
An Efficient Method For Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks With Pulse Coupled Neural Network

Multi cast communication is a key technology for wireless mesh networks. Multicast provides efficient data distribution among a group of nodes, Generally sensor networks and MANETs uses multicast algorithms which are designed to be energy efficient and to achieve optimal route discovery among mobile nodes whereas wireless mesh networks needs to maximize throughput. Here we propose two multicast algorithms: The Level Channel Assignment (LCA) algorithm and the Multi-Channel Multicast (MCM) algorithm to improve the throughput for multichannel sand multi interface mesh networks. The algorithm builds efficient multicast trees by minimizing the number of relay nodes and total hop count distance of the trees. Shortest path computation is a classical combinatorial optimization problem. Neural networks have been used for processing path optimization problem. Pulse Coupled Neural Networks (PCNNS) suffer from high computational cast for very long paths we propose a new PCNN modal called dual source PCNN (DSPCNN) which can improve the computational efficiency two auto waves are produced by DSPCNN one comes from source neuron and other from goal neuron when the auto waves from these two sources meet the DSPCNN stops and then the shortest path is found by backtracking the two auto waves.

Topic: Algorithms and Data Compression
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Про перспективи розвитку фірми АНТОНОВ у сучасних умовах

The features of the functioning of the domestic aviation industry in the Soviet period and during Ukraine's independence, as well as the world experience of developed countries in supporting aircraft manufacturing companies in the creation of advanced aviation technology are considered. Abroad, such an industry works with the assistance and under the control of the state, including private companies. The main directions of the development strategy of ANTONOV Company in modern conditions are shown. Effective options for ensuring the enterprise activities in the absence of state funding are disclosed, which made it possible to save the domestic school of aircraft engineering and continue the development of new aircraft. The main principles used in the formation of plans and promising directions of ANTONOV Company activity developed, including the priority implementation of state orders, constant monitoring of market needs in aviation technology, the modernization of existing ANTONOV aircraft, the development of aircraft modification families to meet market demands at minimal cost and in a short time, the assessment of all possible risks of new work. The result of the analysis carried out following the stated principles is the development of an aircraft creation program, considering the financial capabilities of the enterprise, the availability of the necessary scientific and technical reserve, and competent engineering and design staff, as well as the state of production. The latest developments of ANTONOV aviation equipment, created during the years of Ukraine's independence, are presented: the multi-purpose aircraft An-38, the regional passenger aircraft An-140, An-148, An-158, the light transport aircraft An-132D, the medium military transport aircraft of short takeoff and landing An-70. The policy of the enterprise in the social sphere is shown, aimed at ensuring the save of qualified personnel, as well as the training of engineering and technical personnel and workers of aviation specialization. Priority work programs of the enterprise have been identified: airworthiness support, repair, and modernization of ANTONOV aircraft; completion of the program for creating the An-178 aircraft; airworthiness support, repair, and support in the operation of aircraft of ANTONOV Airlines; completion of the import substitution program for materials and components; restoration of serial production and sales of An-148 and An-158 passenger aircraft. The main directions of exploratory research of new projects of competitive aircraft are planned.

Topic: Military Technology and Strategies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling Fake News Detection Using BERT-CNN-BiLSTM Architecture

The work presented in this paper explores a deep 6-way multi-class classifier based on the existing pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for classifying a statement into six fine- grained categories offake news. Our framework consists of three main components: (1) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$BERT_{base}$</tex> is used to encode and represent the text data into meaningful vectors, which are then fed into a CNN followed by a max-pooling layer for feature map reduction; (2) the metadata of the statement is encoded using another CNN to capture local patterns, and then the output is fed into a BiLSTM to extract more contextual features; and (3) these two components are concatenated and passed to a fully connected layer for classification. Our findings reveal the importance of conducting a feature selection ap-proach. We believe a stronger focus should be placed on pre-processing the data in question by selecting those relevant features (e.g., credit history) since some other features are rather confusing to the classifier, leading to performance degradation. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated on a benchmark dataset, and the obtained results demonstrate that the proposed framework is very effective, if not superior, compared with the state-ofthe-art fake news detection approaches.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Obesity: The role of desynchronosis and genetic factors in mechanisms of its development

The article highlights the role of desynchronosis and certain genetic factors in the development of obesity. Some pathogenetic links of obesity and the influence of melatonin on them are analyzed.Desynchronosis is one of the causes of obesity as a result of dysregulatory changes in the chronoperiodic system – between suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secretory activity of the pineal gland.In obesity there are some changes in circadian patterns of important physiological parameters. These include acrophases of blood pressure; rhythm of hormone secretion, including insulin; electrolytes; sleep-wake cycle displaced for a period of a day, which is a deviation from the normal course. Phase discrepancies of established circadian oscillations of physiological processes arise. Preconditions of fat metabolism imbalance, particularly visfatin, apelin and vaspin – components of atherosclerotic lesions, gradually emerge.There is abundant evidence for close relationships between metabolism and circadian mechanisms. It is proved, that there is a strong direct impact of endogenous circadian rhythms on the metabolic pathways that do not depend on food intake or sleep. A potential low molecular weight of biomarkers of human circadian phases has been identified. A number of key metabolic enzymes in tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue or the pancreas are chronodependent. Desynchronosis phenomena caused by genetic or environmental factors can lead to serious metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.Genesis of pineal removal-induced insulin resistance and reduced glucose tolerance in cells is related to the consequences of melatonin absence, which leads to abnormalities in insulin signaling pathways and reduced GLUT4 gene expression and protein content.Insulin-sensitive tissues (white and brown adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscles) after pineal removal are characterized by a significant reduction of GLUT4 mRNA and the content of microsomal and membrane proteins, which are compensated during treatment by melatonin. Functional synergy exists between melatonin and insulin. Melatonin is able through the membrane receptors MT1 to cause rapid tyrosine phosphorylation, activate tyrosine kinase of beta subunits of insulin receptors and mobilize several intracellular stages of insulin-signaling pathway transduction.Thus, the protective effect of melatonin in cases of disturbance to the carbohydrate metabolism is manifested in the formation of circadian periodicity by modulating the expression of time genes.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 685125: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The BFN Mainstreaming Toolkit. A roadmap to using neglected and underutiliZed species for food system change

Most development initiatives have one thing in common: their goals can be achieved only if target groups start engaging in new practices and behaviours. Food system actors are critical in shaping our food systems and in driving the transition towards alternative models built around the broader principles of human health and well-being, environmental protection, sustainable production and rural development. While stimulating the integration of local neglected underutilised species (NUS) into production and consumption patterns has shown promising results in creating desired change, few concrete examples exist illustrating how best to engage food system players in this process. The mainstreaming toolkit analyses the barriers that prevent greater use of NUS in food and nutrition security strategies and centres on the experiences of Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey in identifying over 190 NUS for greater integration and use. Countries wishing to replicate the approach will learn how to work with researchers to prioritise and generate information on NUS of nutritional importance; how to support farmers to grow and value this diversity; how to create enabling policy environments that recognise the role of biodiversity for better food and nutrition and; how to generate appreciation and demand for locally important NUS so as to bring about positive change.

Topic: Livestock and Poultry Management
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
sj-docx-1-irp-10.1177_26334895221120796 - Supplemental material for Stakeholder perspectives on digital behavioral health applications targeting adolescent depression and suicidality: Policymaker, provider, and community insights

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-irp-10.1177_26334895221120796 for Stakeholder perspectives on digital behavioral health applications targeting adolescent depression and suicidality: Policymaker, provider, and community insights by Ana Radovic, Afton Kirk-Johnson, Morgan Coren, Brandie George-Milford and David Kolko in Implementation Research and Practice

Topic: Digital Mental Health Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficacy of Adjunctive <scp>D</scp>-Cycloserine to Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder

Importance The antidepressant effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols for major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to depend on synaptic plasticity. The theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol synaptic plasticity is known to be N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA)–receptor dependent, yet it is unknown whether enhancing NMDA-receptor signaling improves treatment outcomes in MDD. Objective To test whether low doses of the NMDA-receptor partial-agonist, D -cycloserine, would enhance intermittent TBS (iTBS) treatment outcomes in MDD. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a single-site 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted from November 6, 2019, to December 24, 2020, including 50 participants with MDD. Participants were recruited via advertisements and referral. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age 18 to 65 years with a primary diagnosis of MDD, a major depressive episode with score of 18 or more on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a Young Mania Rating Scale score of 8 or less, and normal blood work (including complete blood cell count, electrolytes, liver function tests, and creatinine level). Interventions Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either iTBS plus placebo or iTBS plus D -cycloserine (100 mg) for the first 2 weeks followed by iTBS without an adjunct for weeks 3 and 4. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms as measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at the conclusion of treatment. Secondary outcomes included clinical response, clinical remission, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores. Results A total of 50 participants (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [13.4] years; 31 female [62%]) were randomly assigned to treatment groups: iTBS plus placebo (mean [SD] baseline score, 30.3 [4.2]) and iTBS plus D -cycloserine (mean [SD] baseline score, 30.4 [4.5]). The iTBS plus D -cycloserine group had greater improvements in MADRS scores compared with the iTBS plus placebo group (mean difference, −6.15; 95% CI, −2.43 to −9.88; Hedges g = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.34-1.62). Rates of clinical response were higher in the iTBS plus D -cycloserine group than in the iTBS plus placebo group (73.9% vs 29.3%), as were rates of clinical remission (39.1% vs 4.2%). This was reflected in lower CGI-severity ratings and greater CGI-improvement ratings. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions and Relevance Findings from this clinical trial indicate that adjunctive D -cycloserine may be a promising strategy for enhancing transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment outcomes in MDD using iTBS requiring further investigation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03937596

Topic: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Nonlinear quantum optics in the (ultra)strong light–matter coupling

The propagation of <italic>N</italic> photons in one dimensional waveguides coupled to <italic>M</italic> qubits is discussed, both in the strong and ultrastrong qubit–waveguide coupling. Special emphasis is placed on the characterisation of the nonlinear response and its linear limit for the scattered photons as a function of <italic>N</italic>, <italic>M</italic>, qubit inter distance and light–matter coupling. The quantum evolution is numerically solved <italic>via</italic> the matrix product states technique. The time evolutions for both the field and qubits are computed. The nonlinear character (as a function of <italic>N</italic>/<italic>M</italic>) depends on the computed observable. While perfect reflection is obtained for <italic>N</italic>/<italic>M</italic> ≅ 1, photon–photon correlations are still resolved for ratios <italic>N</italic>/<italic>M</italic> = non-zero. Inter-qubit distance enhances the nonlinear response. Moving to the ultrastrong coupling regime, we observe that inelastic processes are robust against the number of qubits and that the qubit–qubit interaction mediated by the photons is qualitatively modified. The theory developed in this work models experiments in circuit QED, photonic crystals and dielectric waveguides.

Topic: Strong Light-Matter Interactions
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rise in antihistamine-related deaths prompts call for move to POM status

Researchers have recommended reclassifying first-generation sedating antihistamines as a prescription-only medicine (POM), citing an increase in the number of deaths involving these drugs. A team of researchers at King’s College London studied drug-related deaths reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) in England between 1999 and 2019. They identified 1,666 antihistamine detections […]

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Site specific survey of thrips vectors of viral diseases in West Texas peanut

West Texas peanut were sampled for Thysanoptera during the seedling, vegetative and bloom stages during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons to determine thrips species composition, densities and distributions. Seven thrips species were identified from the two year survey in peanut. Three of the species Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) are known vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a devastating viral disease in peanut. A total of 736 F. occidentalis were collected in 1999 (80.3% of the total) and 2,541 in 2000 (82.0% of the total) indicating that they are the predominant thrips of peanut. Frankliniella fusca comprised 159 (17.9%) of the total thrips collected in 1999 and 543 (17.5%) of the total collected in 2000. Only ten T tabaci were collected in 1999 and five in 2000 indicating that it is not in high enough densities to cause epidemics in West Texas peanut. Frankliniella occidentalis was found on both sides of the Caprock Escarpment during peanut seedling, terminal, and bloom collection dates, the results of this survey indicate that if F. occidentalis were to vector TSWV to West Texas peanut; a devastating epidemic could occur. Frankliniella fusca, the known vector of TSWV in previous epidemics in Texas, posses a greater threat east of the Caprock, where they were detected in seedling peanuts in higher densities compared to west of the Caprock. There were no visual symptoms of TSWV detected from all 243 sample sites (3,557 row meter) in 1999 or 315 sites (4,788 row meter) In 2000.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The <scp><i>Rhus chinensis</i></scp> Genome Provides Insights Into Tannin, Flavonoid Biosynthesis, and Glandular Trichome Development

ABSTRACT The “salt tree”, Rhus chinensis , holds significant economic and medicinal value due to its ability to produce Galla chinensis (Chinese gall/gallnut), a plant‐derived medicinal material used in both traditional Chinese and modern medicine that is rich in tannins and flavonoids. It is also renowned for its remarkable stress tolerance. However, the genetic basis underlying its tannin and flavonoid biosynthesis and stress adaptation remains largely unexplored. Here, we assembled a chromosome‐level genome of R. chinensis with a size of 357.62 Mb. A significant expansion of defence‐related genes, particularly those involved in chitin catabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, explains the tree's extensive environmental adaptability. We identified key genes involved in tannin biosynthesis and hydrolysis, with RcTA1 playing a central role in gallic acid accumulation, a precursor of hydrolyzable tannins. Notably, RcDIV1 promotes tannin hydrolysis by directly activating RcTA1 transcription. Additionally, we uncovered that well‐developed multicellular glandular trichomes, regulated by RcGL2, along with an expanded array of transporters (e.g., ABCGs) and an enhanced ABA response, play critical roles in mediating salt tolerance. These factors collectively drive the production of salt‐like secretions, including phenolic and organic acids, which coat the fruit surface. Our study provides profound insights into the genetic mechanisms governing abundant tannin accumulation, flavonoid biosynthesis, glandular trichome development, and stress resilience, offering valuable genetic resources for improving the medicinal and ecological traits of this species.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Systematic Review of Polygenic Models for Predicting Drug Outcomes

Polygenic models have emerged as promising prediction tools for the prediction of complex traits. Currently, the majority of polygenic models are developed in the context of predicting disease risk, but polygenic models may also prove useful in predicting drug outcomes. This study sought to understand how polygenic models incorporating pharmacogenetic variants are being used in the prediction of drug outcomes. A systematic review was conducted with the aim of gaining insights into the methods used to construct polygenic models, as well as their performance in drug outcome prediction. The search uncovered 89 papers that incorporated pharmacogenetic variants in the development of polygenic models. It was found that the most common polygenic models were constructed for drug dosing predictions in anticoagulant therapies (n = 27). While nearly all studies found a significant association with their polygenic model and the investigated drug outcome (93.3%), less than half (47.2%) compared the performance of the polygenic model against clinical predictors, and even fewer (40.4%) sought to validate model predictions in an independent cohort. Additionally, the heterogeneity of reported performance measures makes the comparison of models across studies challenging. These findings highlight key considerations for future work in developing polygenic models in pharmacogenomic research.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences