jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of Insurance Risk Models via Simulation

We show how, from a single simulation run, to estimate the ruin probabilities and their sensitivities (derivatives) in a classic insurance risk model under various distributions of the number of claims and the claim size. Similar analysis is given for the tail probabilities of the accumulated claims during a fixed period. We perform sensitivity analysis with respect to both distributional and structural parameters of the underlying risk model. In the former case, we use the score function method and in the latter, a combination of the push-out method and the score function. We finally show how, from the same sample path, to derive a consistent estimator of the optimal solution in an optimization problem associated with excess-of-loss reinsurance.

Topic: Probability and Risk Models
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Control of Johnsongrass (<i>Sorghum halepense</i>) in Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) with Glyphosate

Three applications/yr of glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] with a ropewick applicator (RWA), a roller applicator (RA), and a recirculating sprayer (RCS) were compared to hoeing and cultivation for the control of johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 SORHA] in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Acala SJ-2′) in six field experiments from 1979 to 1981. Averaged over the 3 yr and dates of application, plots treated with glyphosate contained 78% fewer live johnsongrass shoots (15/m 2 ) than cultivated-control plots (68/m 2 ). Although applications of glyphosate with the RWA and RA improved or tended to improve yields of cotton, only plots treated with the RWA yielded significantly more seed cotton than cultivated control plots in all years. However, yields of plots treated with the RWA still averaged 38% less than hoed plots. Plots treated with the RA produced significantly more cotton than cultivated-control plots only in 1981.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strong solutions and inviscid limit for Boussinesq system with partial viscosity

We consider the convection problem of a fluid with viscosity depending on temperature in either a bounded or an exterior domain Ω ⊂ R N ,N = 2,3.It is assumed that the temperature is transported without thermal conductance (dissipation) by the velocity field which is described by the Navier-Stokes flow.This model is commonly called the Boussinesq system with partial viscosity.In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the Boussinesq system with partial viscosity with initial data in W 2-2 p ,p (Ω) × W 1,q (Ω).For a bounded domain Ω, we also analyze the inviscid limit problem when the conductivity in the fully viscous Boussinesq system goes to zero.

Topic: Navier-Stokes equation solutions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Early Cerebral Microvasculature Impairment and Increased Body Mass Index in Patients with Psoriasis

Psoriasis induces systemic atherosclerosis, but its impact on cerebrovascular function remains unclear. However, stroke prevention must be considered in psoriasis, as it is commonly comorbid with classic cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess cerebral microvasculature function and its confounders in patients with psoriasis. The study protocol included cerebral autoregulation assessment with measurements of vasomotor reactivity reserve (VMRr) on the middle cerebral arteries with the use of a Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in 50 patients with psoriasis without cerebrovascular events (46; 21–74 years) and 26 healthy controls (41; 29–58 years). Analyses of VMRr relationships with the psoriasis course, comorbidities, inflammatory markers and intima–media thickness (IMT) were performed. The study showed that VMRr was lower (64% vs. 76%, p = 0.001), and the IMT was higher (0.65 vs. 0.52 mm, p = 0.001) in patients compared to controls. The patients were also characterized by a higher body mass index (BMI) and a higher level of Il-6 than the controls (29.14 vs. 25.76 kg/m2, p = 0.004 and 585 vs. 204 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.001, respectively), but only BMI was independently impacting VMRr reduction (p = 0.02). In conclusion, early cerebral microvasculature dysfunction may occur in patients with psoriasis, and its extent is associated with an increase in BMI. Thus, body mass reduction should be strongly recommended for stroke prophylaxis in patients with psoriasis.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Human Pose Estimation in Monocular Omnidirectional Top-View Images

Human pose estimation (HPE) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for indoor monitoring is one of the major challenges in computer vision. In contrast to HPE in perspective views, an indoor monitoring system can consist of an omnidirectional camera with a field of view of 180° to detect the pose of a person with only one sensor per room. To recognize human pose, the detection of keypoints is an essential upstream step. In our work we propose a new dataset for training and evaluation of CNNs for the task of keypoint detection in omnidirectional images. The training dataset, THEODORE+, consists of 50,000 images and is created by a 3D rendering engine, where humans are randomly walking through an indoor environment. In a dynamically created 3D scene, persons move randomly with simultaneously moving omnidirectional camera to generate synthetic RGB images and 2D and 3D ground truth. For evaluation purposes, the real-world PoseFES dataset with two scenarios and 701 frames with up to eight persons per scene was captured and annotated. We propose four training paradigms to finetune or re-train two top-down models in MMPose and two bottom-up models in CenterNet on THEODORE+. Beside a qualitative evaluation we report quantitative results. Compared to a COCO pretrained baseline, we achieve significant improvements especially for top-view scenes on the PoseFES dataset. Our datasets can be found at https://www.tu-chemnitz.de/etit/dst/forschung/comp_vision/datasets/index.php.en.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from mTOR Inhibition Mitigates Enhanced mRNA Translation Associated with the Metastatic Phenotype of Osteosarcoma Cells &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;p&gt;5' UTR structures of BONCAT identified proteins&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effects of Children's Self-regulation and Teacher-Child Relationships on Children's Social Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of children's self-regulation and teacher-child relationships on children's social behaviors. Participants were 239 4- to 5-year-old children(114 boys, 125 girls) and their 23 teachers. The teachers completed rating scales to measure children's social behaviors and teacher-child relationships. Children's self-regulation was assessed by a mother reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows: First, Children's social behaviors were partially correlated with children's self-regulation and teacher-child relationships. Second, The most influential factor by children's social behaviors was teacher-child relationship. Specially, teacher-child intimacy was the most powerful factor predicting children's asocial behavior and prosocial behavior. While teacher-child conflict was the most powerful factor influencing children's aggressive behavior, hyperactive-distractible behavior and anxious-fearful behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of teacher-child relationships in the context of program development and guidance for maladjusted children.

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Children’s needs when facing the death of a parent from cancer: part two

A small exploratory study was conducted to identify the psychosocial needs of children facing the death and subsequent bereavement of a parent from cancer. The focus was on the palliative phase of care through the bereavement period with the aim of identifying the best way forward in further developing a community-based service for children in Fife. Part one selectively reviewed the literature related to children’s and families’ needs when facing and dealing with the death of a parent, and described. Part two presents the results and reports the issues which will be considered as a basis for future service development.

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cover Picture: Study on Burning and Thermal Decomposition Properties of HTPB Propellant Containing Synthesized Micro‐nano Ferric Perfluorooctanoate (Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 3/2019)

The cover picture shows a novel micro-nano ferric perfluoroocate [Fe(PFO)3] as an unusual catalyst multifaceted effects on AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant. Our study shows that Fe(PFO)3 could improve the burning rate of the propellant as well as suppress the combustion agglomeration process. Fe(PFO)3 could also decrease the thermal decomposition temperature of Al/AP/HTPB composite solid propellant and the heat release. Impressively, The decomposition products of Fe(PFO)3 were proved to trigger the thermite reaction with Al at 635 °C leading to large heat release and formation of α-Al2O3. Details are discussed in the article by Fei Zhen et al. on page 362 ff.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Personal Transformations in Small Groups: A Jungian Perspective

Introduction: The Matrix Model: A conceptual framework for small group analysis Robert D. Boyd: Section One: The Small Group from Six Points of View Robert D. Boyd: Section Two: Three Primary Tasks Robert D. Boyd Methodology for the Study of the Development of Consciousness in the Small Group Robert D. Boyd and John M. Dirkx Understanding Group Transformation Through the Focal Person Concept John M. Dirkx Grief Work: A social dynamic in group transitions J. Gordon Myers and Robert D. Boyd A Conceptualization of Individuation in Learning Situations Jean Rannells Saul The Anima and Animus in the Transactions of the Small Groups Robert D. Boyd and Mary Ellen Kondrat Mary: A case study of personal transformation in small group Robert D. Boyd Facilitating Personal Transformations in Small Groups Robert D. Boyd

Topic: Jungian Analytical Psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Magneto-transport characteristics of superconducting<i>R</i>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-delta</sub>multilayers and quasi-multilayers

To study flux pinning modulation due to intentional adjustments of rare earth cations, layer sequences and island-like secondary phases, we built up a series of artificial multilayers consisting of binary rare earth R123 as well as quasi-multilayers consisting of Y123/M (M = oxides such as Yttria Stabilized Zirconia) on single crystalline SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. The field dependence of transport critical current density Jc was measured at various temperatures and directions of the applied magnetic field. Comparing with pure Y123 films, almost all present multilayers and quasi-multilayers showed a crossover behaviour of flux pinning, evidenced by an existing medium field (Hcro) below which Jc is lower than of pure Y123 films, whereas above Jc is higher. Furthermore, a strong temperature dependence of such a crossover field was observed. The higher the temperature, the higer Hcro, implying that an artificial tailoring of flux pinning may appear in a narrow range of fields as the mixed vortex state moves towards to the region of weak vortex glass and vortex liquid. However, the improvement of flux pinning is hardly observed in the state of strong vortex glass.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rapid detection of bluetongue virus in blood and organ samples using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An antigen capture ELISA for bluetongue (BT) virus was developed using tissue culture supernatant to identify different BT virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9 and 16, which have been incriminated in the current epidemic in the Mediterranean Basin. To obtain a positive result and after amplification in tissue culture, the minimum amount of infecting virus required was 100 TCID(50). Results from the antigen capture ELISA were compared with conventional methods for virus isolation and identification, such as virus amplification on embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), followed by tissue culture and the direct immunofluorescence test. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA in infected tissue culture supernatant using homogenates of BTV-positive ovine and bovine organs and blood, without a previous step in ECEs, were 100%. The assay was also applied to homogenates of chicken embryo tissues, which had been infected with different BTV serotypes. This method enabled detection of the virus with 100% sensitivity and specificity rates, also using amplification in ECEs. Furthermore, among the various embryo tissues tested, liver was found to be the most suitable for use with ELISA. In experimentally infected ovine blood samples, the ELISA revealed the presence of the virus. Given the high sensitivity and specificity obtained with the BTV serotypes in this trial, the method should greatly facilitate BT diagnosis.

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Event De-Noising Convolutional Neural Network for Detecting Malicious URL Sequences from Proxy Logs

The number of infected hosts on enterprise networks has been increased by drive-by download attacks. In these attacks, users of compromised popular websites are redirected toward websites that exploit vulnerabilities of a browser and its plugins. To prevent damage, detection of infected hosts on the basis of proxy logs rather than blacklist-based filtering has started to be researched. This is because blacklists have become difficult to create due to the short lifetime of malicious domains and concealment of exploit code. To detect accesses to malicious websites from proxy logs, we propose a system for detecting malicious URL sequences on the basis of three key ideas: focusing on sequences of URLs that include artifacts of malicious redirections, designing new features related to software other than browsers, and generating new training data with data augmentation. To find an effective approach for classifying URL sequences, we compared three approaches: an individual-based approach, a convolutional neural network (CNN), and our new event de-noising CNN (EDCNN). Our EDCNN reduces the negative effects of benign URLs redirected from compromised websites included in malicious URL sequences. Evaluation results show that only our EDCNN with proposed features and data augmentation achieved a practical classification performance: a true positive rate of 99.1%, and a false positive rate of 3.4%.

Topic: Spam and Phishing Detection
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Link to dataset related to article "Not only cancer: the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects the repertoire of alternatively spliced transcripts and circular RNAs in multiple sclerosis."

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, whose implication in neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases remains poorly understood. We analyzed publicly available microarray data sets to identify dysregulated lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease. We found a consistent upregulation in MS of the lncRNA MALAT1 (2.7-fold increase; meta-analysis, P = 1.3 × 10-8; 190 cases, 182 controls), known to regulate alternative splicing (AS). We confirmed MALAT1 upregulation in two independent MS cohorts (1.5-fold increase; P &lt; 0.01; 59 cases, 50 controls). We hence performed MALAT1 overexpression/knockdown in cell lines, demonstrating that its modulation impacts on endogenous expression of splicing factors (HNRNPF and HNRNPH1) and on AS of MS-associated genes (IL7R and SP140). Minigene-based splicing assays upon MALAT1 modulation recapitulated IL7R and SP140 isoform unbalances observed in patients. RNA-sequencing of MALAT1-knockdown Jurkat cells further highlighted MALAT1 role in splicing (approximately 1100 significantly-modulated AS events) and revealed its contribution to backsplicing (approximately 50 differentially expressed circular RNAs). Our study proposes a possible novel role for MALAT1 dysregulation and the consequent AS alteration in MS pathogenesis, based on anomalous splicing/backsplicing profiles of MS-relevant genes.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Work Force Development Challenges in the Wide Band Gap Supply Chain Industry

Reduced Research, Development, and Engineering cycle times in new product development efforts have increased pressure in all three disciplines causing management teams to seek the most productive paths to success. Of these three, the development effort, in particular process development is the most challenged. Workforce requirements to close this gap are a working knowledge of semiconductor processing with practical expertise of WBG material properties and processing in one of the four following supply chain elements: substrate, epi, device, and packaging, and a working knowledge of the remainder. To solve specific problems, a solid foundation in Applied Engineering with strong skills in Design of Experiments, Statistics, and Process Control are required. Finally, barriers created by non-compete agreements and IP issues are increasing.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bayesian inference for pulsar-timing models

The extremely regular, periodic radio emission from millisecond pulsars makes them useful tools for studying neutron star astrophysics, general relativity, and low-frequency gravitational waves. These studies require that the observed pulse times of arrival be fit to complex timing models that describe numerous effects such as the astrometry of the source, the evolution of the pulsar’s spin, the presence of a binary companion, and the propagation of the pulses through the interstellar medium. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using Bayesian in-ference to obtain pulsar timing solutions. These benefits include the validation of linearized least-squares model fits when they are correct, and the proper char-acterization of parameter uncertainties when they are not; the incorporation of prior parameter information and of models of correlated noise; and the Bayesian comparison of alternative timing models. We describe our computational setup, which combines the timing models of tempo2 with the nested-sampling inte-grator MultiNest. We compare the timing solutions generated using Bayesian inference and linearized least-squares for three pulsars: B1953+29, J2317+1439, and J1640+2224, which demonstrate a variety of the benefits that we posit. Key words: pulsar timing – – data analysis – Bayesian inference – gravitational waves. 1

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A method of color filter array interpolation with alias cancellation properties

Digital still cameras use a single charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor array and a color filter array (CFA) to sample a full-color image. Thus, the measured image is an interleaving of the subsampled red, green, and blue images. The red and blue images are sampled at a lower rate, so if standard interpolation techniques are used, the reconstructed red and blue images will be missing some high-frequency information and could contain distortions from aliasing. This paper proposes a method of CFA interpolation that combines information from the green image with the subsampled red and blue images to attack these problems. The green high-frequency information is added to the interpolated red and blue images to increase the sharpness of the output and is also used to estimate the aliasing in the interpolated red and blue images, providing a means of reducing the appearance of the aliasing distortions.

Topic: Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Artificial reproduction of pacific salmons in the Amur River basin: history, current state, prospects

Experience of pacific salmon artificial reproduction is discussed. Generalized data on juveniles (mostly fall chum salmon) release from hatcheries in the Amur River basin are presented. Information about the fish eggs origin (collection points) and transportation to incubation is provided. Some local features of salmon hatcheries are noted. Thus, the hatcheries in the middle Amur (Teplovsky and Bijansky) used previously the eggs collected in local tributaries of the Amur but recently, in conditions of low abundance of spawners, they transfer the eggs for incubation from fish farms located in the lower Amur. On the contrary, the hatcheries in the lower Amur (Udinsky, Gursky, and Anyuisky) collected the eggs in many dispersed sites in the beginning of their exploitation, but later, when local herds of artificial origin had appeared, they collected the eggs from producers coming to the hatcheries. This experience of eggs collection in dispersed temporary sites could be useful for periods of low stocks of pacific salmons in the Amur basin. The last such period started in 2017, so the fishery officials, as the Amur branch of Glavrybvod, can use this approach. Large transfers of chum eggs within the basin and from other rivers of the Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea basins, presumably could affect genetic diversity, population structure and gene pool of this species. First results on evaluation efficiency of salmon hatcheries are discussed on the data of otolith marking started in 2015. Negative dependence of chum salmon catch on release of their juveniles is found: increasing of the juveniles output does not provide higher catches. Besides, the number of producers returned to hatcheries does not depend on the number of juveniles released from these hatcheries in the past, but corresponds with general dynamics of salmon stocks in the entire Amur basin. We believe that returns of chum salmon of wild and artificial origin have similar changes caused by same factors influencing on fish in the river and marine periods of their life.

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Roman Slavery: Retrospect and Prospect

This paper is the result of an invitation made to the author to assess his own contribution to the history of Roman slavery for presentation at a conference held at the University of Edinburgh in 2007. It describes the circumstances under which he began the study of Roman slavery (with special attention to the influence of contemporary studies of New World slavery), indicates the principal questions asked and answers proposed, and points to areas for further investigation. A key theme is the emphasis on the need to study the history of Roman slavery from a comparative point of view.

Topic: Colonialism, slavery, and trade
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences