jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radioisotope-ADME studies of Trastuzumab-monomethyl auristatin F in tumor bearing mice and healthy marmosets

Radioisotope ADME (RI-ADME) studies are enabling visualization of the biodistribution in molecular imaging. We applied RI-ADME to investigate the tumor targeting capacity and biodistribution of trastuzumab-monomethyl auristatin F (LCB14-0110) in JIMT-1 xenograft mice and healthy marmoset. The LCB14-0110 was labelled with 125I. 125I-LCB14-0110 was intravenously administered to the animals. The gamma-count and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) was conducted for biodistributioon and bioimaging of the biopharmaceutics. Tumor uptake in xenograft mice was highest at three-day after 125I-LCB14-0110 administration in both the biodistribution and SPECT/CT bioimaging. Alternatively, blood and organ tissues showed gradual decrease in radioactivity over time. In marmosets, radioactivity in all organ tissues rapidly reduced and no specific targeting of organs was observed in the biodistribution study and SPECT/CT imaging. Hence, 125I-LCB14-0110 demonstrated effective tumor targeting capacity and accumulated in JIMT-1 cell-bearing mice. However, accumulation did not occur in the organs of xenograft mice. Additionally, marmosets showed rapidly decrease in radioactivity throughout the entire body without accumulation in the normal organs. We also confirmed that the drug distribution was similar in normal organs between the two experimental animal species except spleen. Therefore, 125I is expected to be a useful tool in the study of RI-ADME in biopharmaceuticals through minimal antibody modification.

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Primary Beam and Ion Extraction Optics Optimization for An Organic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer

abstract This paper discusses optimization of the primary beam and the ion extraction optics of a secondary ion mass spectrometer used primarily for organic compound analysis and the imaging analysis of planar chromatograms. A commercial secondary ion electrostatic energy analyzer and accompanying transport optics were redesigned to enhance the extraction of ions sputtered from the chromatographic surface and to increase the ion signal intensities, especially at higher masses. Modifications to a thermionic ion gun and a saddlefield neutral particle gun produced smaller particle beam diameters with maximum particle flux.

Topic: Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eau et intercommunalité dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : état d'avancement des SAGE à travers l'exemple du SAGE de la Canche (Water and «intercommunalité » in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais région : the example of the SAGE of the Canche river)

Abstract. - Since a long time, flood and water management has been essentially turn onto a fight against hazard and water pollution. Now, these technical measurements are complemented by tools to prevent and control occupation of the territory and the society vulnerability (PPR and SAGE for examples). In another way, the public institutions want to associate in this territory project all the private and public actors of the local scene of risk. In that way, how floods and water management could be appropriate by all the actors, through the catchment governance ? actors of the local scene of risk. In that way, how floods and water management could be appropriate by all the actors, through the catchment governance ?

Topic: French Urban and Social Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Elements and Effects of the Corporate Governance on the Capital Structure in University Spin-Offs. Evidences from the Italian Context

Scholars remark that the funding gap is one of the most problems for the full development of university spin-offs (USOs).Thus, the choices related to the capital structure of USOs have theoretical and practical implication.The paper aims to study the emerging impact of the corporate governance on the capital structure of USOs.In detail, it was assumed that managerial ownership, board size and independent directors can negatively affect the firm' leverage.Based on a sample of 418 Italian USOs over the period 2010-2014, the findings confirm the hypothesized effects, suggesting the critical role of the corporate governance in the financial issues of USOs.The paper provides new insights, although partial, about the corporate governance and financial dynamics of USOs.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficacy of a Quail Eggs-Based Dietary Supplement for Allergic Rhinitis: Results of a Single-Arm Trial

Previous data suggested the potential treatment effect of a proprietary quail eggs-based blend on allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, induced by allergen challenge. We herein aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a similar dietary supplement, comprising the bioactive ingredients of quail eggs and the zinc mineral, in the setting of active AR. Adult patients (<i>n</i> = 77), aged 18- 60 years, with mild, intermittent AR were enrolled in this single-arm, open-label trial. Patients' responses were assessed based on peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements at two visits (Day 1/Visit 1 and Day 7/Visit 2) and self-rating of AR-associated symptoms on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) throughout the entire 7-day study period. PNIF values at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min (Visit 1) following administration of an oral dose of the study product were the primary efficacy endpoint. PNIF values (Visit 1) gradually increased from baseline (pre-treatment), with statistical significance first reached 30 min later (<i>p</i> = 0.002). VAS scores (Visit 1) for all AR symptoms gradually decreased with statistical significance first reached at 15 min (rhinorrhea, <i>p</i> = 0.042; itchy nose, <i>p</i> = 0.001; sneezing <i>p</i> < 0.001), 30 min (nasal congestion, <i>p</i> < 0.001; itchy eyes, <i>p</i> = 0.003) or 60 min (watery eyes, <i>p</i> = 0.04). PNIF improvement and decline of VAS scores were significantly more apparent at Visit one vs. Visit 2. Treatment-emergent adverse events were limited to cough and muscle strain (one patient each). Our results support the efficacy, rapid mode of action and tolerability of the investigated product for symptomatic treatment of mild intermittent AR.

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
State of the Art of Sustainability in 3D Food Printing

3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become an emerging trend in global production area with a wide range of application fields. The increasing number of the concepts indicates the opportunity to address the needs and challenges of AM in both food industry and global scale. The technological, resource and industrial aspects of 3D Food Printing have the potentialities to enable to ‘print’ highly customized food, not just about the shape, but also about the structure, texture, flavor, taste, nutritional value, new edible alternatives and specific formulations for different choices, where the individual meals become possible. Anyway, the increasing importance of global concerns push towards the consideration if the value of the printed meal and 3D Printing itself can be sustainable and how. Whereas several studies claim to address the sustainability of 3Dfood printing, it is not clear yet what is the state of the art of 3D Food Printing within the sustainability intersection of economic, environmental and social pillars. Starting from the presentation of the available current approaches and practices, the paper provides a holistic outlook of the topic, shows the parameters that impact the sustainability of the technology and propose the improvements to be applied for completing the sustainability view and to achieve the 3D food printing full potential.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
"Blameless Babes"

This is the text of the 2009 Shirley Smith Address delivered by Sian Elias on Thursday 9 July 2009, organised by the Wellington Women in Law Committee. The Chief Justice comments on the status of criminal law in New Zealand, arguing that wider social engagement and buy-in is needed to find answers to the issues in our criminal justice system. The author notes the social element of criminal law as well as the growing emphasis of law and order in the sphere of politics and society. The Chief Justice raises concerns about New Zealand's apparent failure to rehabilitate prisoners as well as the country's prison population. The article suggests several solutions: community education (that imprisonment alone does not reduce crime), promoting intervention (so as to avert risk before crimes occur) and probation, addressing mental health and substance abuse (both within the prison population and within the community), and generally reducing the prison population (so as to avoid significant safety and human rights issues). The author concludes by emphasising the societal nature of criminal law and links back to Shirley Smith's own words.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative Reliability of the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) in the Greek Language for Infants 3 to 18 Months

In recent years, many tests have been developed to evaluate the mobility and functional capacity of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The Infant Motor Profile (IMP) is a recent qualitative infant kinetic behavior assessment for ages 3 to 18 months. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to determine the reliability of the IMP translated for the first time for Greek population, for infants aged 3 to 18 months in order to provide a reliable tool in the hands of experts. Twenty infants (11 girls and 9 boys) with average age ±12.75 months participated in the study. The Greek version of the IMP and a Nikon 5300 digital camera for video recording were used for data collection. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two independent evaluators and that the Greek IMP had strong reliability. Overall, the results of the present investigation provided considerable evidence suggesting that the Greek version of the IMP test is reliable and can be used to detect kinetic disorders in infants aged 3 to 18 months for the Greek population.

Topic: Infant Development and Preterm Care
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Editing Is Highly Specific for the Amber/W Site and Is Suppressed by Hepatitis Delta Antigen

RNA editing at adenosine 1012 (amber/W site) in the antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) allows two essential forms of the viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), to be synthesized from a single open reading frame. Editing at the amber/W site is thought to be catalyzed by one of the cellular enzymes known as adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). In vitro, the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate adenosines within many different sequences of base-paired RNA. Since promiscuous deamination could compromise the viability of HDV, we wondered if additional deamination events occurred within the highly base paired HDV RNA. By sequencing cDNAs derived from HDV RNA from transfected Huh-7 cells, we determined that the RNA was not extensively modified at other adenosines. Approximately 0.16 to 0.32 adenosines were modified per antigenome during 6 to 13 days posttransfection. Interestingly, all observed non-amber/W adenosine modifications, which occurred mostly at positions that are highly conserved among naturally occurring HDV isolates, were found in RNAs that were also modified at the amber/W site. Such coordinate modification likely limits potential deleterious effects of promiscuous editing. Neither viral replication nor HDAg was required for the highly specific editing observed in cells. However, HDAg was found to suppress editing at the amber/W site when expressed at levels similar to those found during HDV replication. These data suggest HDAg may regulate amber/W site editing during virus replication.

Topic: RNA regulation and disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Liposome- as drug carriers

Liposomes are artificially prepared vesicles made o f lipid bilayer. Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and us ed to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases. Amongs t the various carrier, few drug carrier reached the stages of clinical trails where phospholipid vesicles (liposo me) show strong potential for effective drug delive ry to the site of action. Liposomes can be composed of naturally-derived phospholipids with mixed lipid chains or other surfactants. Liposome have covered predominantly medical, albeit some non-medical areas like bioreactor, catalysts, cosmetics and ecology. However,their predominance in drug delivery and targeting has enabled them to be used as therapeutics tool in fields like tumour targeting, gene and antisense therapy etc.

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Methodology of studying preferences among rural residents as element of procedure for public land management in rural areas

Business activities conducted in rural areas are associated with crop cultivation, animal rearing and agricultural produce processing.The countryside residents, after hard work, should be offered a chance of having pleasant leisure time activities.In general, the ambient conditions in rural areas provide many opportunities, but the surroundings should be adapted as to allow the pursuit of various forms of recreation.Another reason justifying the allocation of some land in villages to recreational purposes is the need to satisfy expectations of holidaymakers, who increasingly often choose agritourism as a form of summer holiday.This article will discuss the methodology, which can be applied to exploring opinions of village residents and to processing data sets needed to identify the most desirable forms of the management of land for recreational purposes in the countryside, using a rural commune in north-eastern Poland as an example.This part of Poland has certain distinguishing features, including a low level of urbanisation, and the local residents responding to the survey suggested what type of investment projects would stimulate the further development of their commune.

Topic: Rural development and sustainability
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU): Selected Issues

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) member countries have experienced growth acceleration since 2012.Relative to an earlier reference period in the 1990s, the WAEMU's recent strong growth has coincided with an increase in macroeconomic stability and investment, improvement in political institutions, improvement in the terms of trade, and increase in productivity.Annex III.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Rag-and-Bone Angel: The Angelus Novus in Charles Bernstein's Shadowtime

When analyzing Walter Benjamin’s oeuvre, and perhaps in particular his “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” many commentators have pointed out the apparently irreconcilable strains of dialectical materialism and Jewish Messianism in his thought. In Charles Bernstein’s libretto to the opera Shadowtime , which focuses on the last night of Benjamin’s life, Bernstein wrestles with these competing worldviews poetically. While Bernstein does not attempt to reconcile Benjamin’s idiosyncratic thought, he does point out ways that the apparently divergent strands can be understood side-by-side. In particular, he focuses on the image of the Angelus Novus, the Angel of History, an image Benjamin fleshes out in his essay, based upon the Paul Klee painting that Benjamin himself owned.

Topic: Walter Benjamin Studies Compilation
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Recognition of Aircraft Engine Sound Based on GMM-UBM Model

\nGaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) is a commonly-used speaker recognition technology, and which has achieved good effect for detection speaker’s sound. In this paper, we explore GMM-UBM method for use with abnormal aircraft engine sound detection. We designed a GMM-UBM based aircraft engine sound recognition system, which extracts MFCC feature parameters and trains the GMM-UBM models using maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptive algorithm. Experimental results show the GMM-UBM based aircraft engine sound recognition system can achieve higher recognize rate in real-word aircraft engine sound test.\n

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antimutagenic activities of human placental extract on ultraviolet light- and gamma-ray-induced mutation in Escherichia coli WP2B/r trp.

Human placental extracts worked as a strong antimutagen on ultraviolet light (UV)- and gamma-ray-induced mutations in Escherichia coli WP2 B/r trp.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interactions between ecosystem management and people's vulnerability to climate variations in two Indonesian forest landscapes

The effects of climate change have already been felt in many parts of the world and are expected to increase over the next decades, affecting sources of revenue and exacerbating poverty. In times of extreme climatic events, the literature has often indicated that forests play an important role as livelihood safety nets and natural buffers. However, it remains unclear how land-use changes affect people's vulnerability and how climate variability influences peoples decisions regarding land use, especially in forested rural areas. We examined social-ecological systems' interactions and dynamics in two smallholder dominated rural landscapes in Indonesia affected by multiple climate-related stresses, such as floods, drought and disease outbreaks. These interact ions were analysed through mixed quantitative and qualitative participatory approaches, including 28 focus group discussions, 256 household surveys, and 120 forest inventories. To assess land-use changes, we analysed historical and future trends combining geospatial information with people's perceptions and visions. The findings suggest that communities' recognition of changes in environmental conditions, climate variability and their linkages encourage active management of natural resources and ecosystems to address climate - related hazards. In particular, because of the perceived role of forests and trees in watershed regulation and erosion prevention, people started maintaining or enhancing the vegetation cover in strategic places, such as hilltops, near cultivated areas or along rivers. In addition, people's previous exposure to climatic stresses and resource scarcity seem to increase the adoption of land-based solutions. Although climate considerations only partially influenced land-use changes undertaken by communities, they helped to determine how current land uses are managed, which in turn have a great potential to affect climatic risks. Other external factors included technological improvement and market prices, whereas internal factors were presence of alternative opportunities and land accessibility. An improved understanding of the linkages and trade-offs between land uses and people's vulnerabilities and their changes over time, can inform the design of appropriate ecosystem-based interventions that contribute to a sustainable resilient development.

Topic: Agricultural Development and Management
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spore germination of <i><scp>T</scp>richoderma</i> <i>atroviride</i> is inhibited by its <scp>L</scp>ys<scp>M</scp> protein <scp>TAL</scp>6

L ys M motifs are carbohydrate‐binding modules found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They have general N ‐acetylglucosamine binding properties and therefore bind to chitin and related carbohydrates. In plants, plasma‐membrane‐bound proteins containing L ys M motifs are involved in plant defence responses, but also in symbiotic interactions between plants and microorganisms. Filamentous fungi secrete L ys M proteins that contain several L ys M motifs but no enzymatic modules. In plant pathogenic fungi, for L ys M proteins roles in dampening of plant defence responses and protection from plant chitinases were shown. In this study, the carbohydrate‐binding specificities and biological function of the L ys M protein TAL 6 from the plant‐beneficial fungus T richoderma atroviride were investigated. TAL 6 contains seven L ys M motifs and the sequences of its L ys M motifs are very different from other fungal L ys M proteins investigated so far. The results showed that TAL 6 bound to some forms of polymeric chitin, but not to chito‐oligosaccharides. Further, no binding to fungal cell wall preparations was detected. Despite these rather weak carbohydrate‐binding properties, a strong inhibitory effect of TAL 6 on spore germination was found. TAL 6 was shown to specifically inhibit germination of T richoderma spp., but interestingly not of other fungi. Thus, this protein is involved in self‐signalling processes during fungal growth rather than fungal–plant interactions. These data expand the functional repertoire of fungal L ys M proteins beyond effectors in plant defence responses and show that fungal L ys M proteins are also involved in the self‐regulation of fungal growth and development.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
History Matching: Towards Geologically Reasonable Models

This work focuses on the development of a new method for history matching problem that through a deterministic search finds a geologically feasible solution. Complex geology is taken into account evaluating multiple point statistics from earth model prototypes - training images. Further a function that measures similarity between statistics of a training image and statistics of any smooth model is introduced and its analytical gradient is computed. This allows us to apply any gradientbased method to history matching problem and guide a solution until it satisfies both production data and complexity of a prior model with desired accuracy. As a consequence of the approach, we sufficiently decrease the amount of forward simulations needed to resolve historical data and prior information.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences