jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CO2-PENS: A CO2 Sequestration Systems Model Supporting Risk-Based Decisions

The Zero Emissions Research and Technology (ZERT) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is studying the injection of CO2 into geologic repositories. We are formulating the problem as science based decision framework that can address issues of risk, cost, and technical requirements at all stages of the sequestration process. The framework is implemented in a sys tem model that is capable of performing stochastic simulations to address uncertainty in different geologic sequestration sc enarios, including injection into poorly characterized brine aquifers. Processes level laboratory experiments, field experiments, modeling, economic data, and risk theory are used to support the system level model that will be the basis for decision making. The current system model, CO2-PENS, is already proving to b e useful in showing complex interactions between the different components of the framework. The system model also provides a consistent platform to document decisions made during the site selection, implementation, and closure periods.

Topic: CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
History of Shockwave Treatment and Its Basic Principles

Shockwaves, which have had several geophysical applications, were successfully introduced into the field of medicine over 3 decades ago for the purpose of eradicating urolithiasis, heralding the era of noninvasive medical intervention. Technological advancements in the area of medical shockwaves made in recent years have broadened the spectrum of its clinical application from being just purely a destructive force into a treatment modality that engenders a myriad of progenesis effects associated with tissue regeneration and functional restoration. Although the exact mechanisms of action (stimulodynamics) of medical shockwaves are yet to be completely elucidated, observation of its effect on tissue revealed; bio-chemical and biocellular modulation, resulting in progenesis effects such as; angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and tendogenesis. These progenesis responses are considered to be precipitated via a sensory derived signal transduction effect (stimulokinetics), commonly known as mechanotransduction. Three decades later medical shockwaves remains a phenomenon that is intransigent against becoming demoded, and continues to see its clinical utilty expand across medical disciplines. This expansion highlights the need for adequate training and education. The safety, systemic neutrality, noninvasive nature, and regenerative properties associated with medical shockwave treatment warrants further research and deserves greater recognition in the global healthcare system. The expansion of the clinical utility of medical shockwaves could elevate the management of multiple pathologies from being merely palliative, toward a more sanative approach, improving the quality of life of patients across their lifespan, while reducing the burden of healthcare costs globally.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cross-border healthcare in the European Union: the right to reimbursement under Directive 2011/24

Healthcare was for long not considered a matter to be dealt with by the European Union. It was looked at as outside of the competence of the EU and the legal entitlements of the individual patient to access healthcare services, both inside and outside of its country of residence, was considered purely a matter of national law.\n\nThe right to seek healthcare cross borders and get the costs reimbursed by the home State was first based in the social security Regulation 1408/71. The famous rulings of Kohll and Decker from 1998, however, formed the starting point of some disputed interpretations by the European Court of Justice, which increased the right to reimbursement for cross-border healthcare further than the Regulation. The Court considered healthcare to be an economic activity and, therefore, to be “services” within the meaning of Article 57 of the Treaty. The Court has given several rulings on cross-border healthcare, which have lead to a great uncertainty about the individual entitlements to reimbursement for such healthcare. \n\nThis dissertation focuses on Directive 2011/24 on patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare, adopted by the European Union in March 2011, and especially the right to reimbursement for cross-border healthcare. In this dissertation the rules of the Directive are compared to the rulings of the Court of Justice, and it is discussed how the rules of the Directive affect patients’ rights to receive reimbursement for cross-border healthcare. \n\nThe main principle set out in the Directive is that patients are free to seek the healthcare they need in another EU Member State, and get the costs reimbursed by the home State. This rule may be limited by the Member States by overriding reasons of general interest, and furthermore, by introducing a system of prior authorization. \n\nThe Directive is found to give gives good clarification and practical effect to the rights that the Court has already recognized in its rulings. The Directive does not, however, broaden the right to seek treatment abroad. Due to the increased clarity, and the fact that many people were not aware of their rights to reimbursement for cross-border healthcare, more EU nationals are likely to use their right to seek healthcare cross borders in the coming years.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An application of persistent homology and the graph theory to linguistics: The case of Tifinagh and Phoenician scripts

Abstract As the origin of the Tifinagh script remains uncertain, this work aims at exploring its probable relatedness with the Phoenician script. Using tools from within topological data analysis and graph theory, the similarity between the two scripts is studied. The clustering of their letter shapes is performed based on the pairwise distances between their topological signatures. The ideas presented in this work can be extended to study the similarity between any two writing systems and as such can serve as the first step for linguists to determine the possibly related scripts before conducting further analysis.

Topic: Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Measuring of fissile isotopes partial antineutrino spectra in direct experiment at nuclear reactor

The direct measuring method is considered to get nuclear reactor antineutrino spectrum. We suppose to isolate partial spectra of the fissile isotopes by using the method of antineutrino spectrum extraction from the inverse beta decay positron spectrum applied at Rovno experiment. This admits to increase the accuracy of partial antineutrino spectra forming the total nuclear reactor spectrum. It is important for the analysis of the reactor core fuel composition and could be applied for non-proliferation purposes.

Topic: Muon and positron interactions and applications
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Judith Butler's <i>Parting Ways</i> as Jewish Philosophy

In this brief essay, I want to make one claim about the nature of the argument of Parting Ways and then raise one question about the limits of that argument. Parting Ways presents itself as an attempt to articulate Jewishness in terms of a relation to alterity, which both grounds and interrupts Jewish identity. As Butler writes in her introduction, “Is this a Jewish notion?Yes andno.”This claimabout the nature of Jewish identity is what authorizes her detachment from Zionism at the same time that it authorizes her attachment to a diasporic notion of Jewishness or Judaism. Yet although the book announces itself as an intervention into the reflexive equation of Judaism or Jewishness with Zionism, it is perhaps surprising that Zionism goes unmentioned for large chunks of the book, particularly in the second through the fourth chapters, which treat Levinas and Benjamin (although the ends of the latter two of these chapters do address contemporary political matters). After the first chapter, which endorses a challenge to identity politics common to the work of Edward Said and parts (but not all) of the Levinasian corpus, and in effect amplifies Said’s call to Jews to remember the exilic ground of their identity (represented in the person of the Egyptian JewMoses), Butler offers three chapters in which she argues that (a) Levinas’s thought, especially his argument about substitution as acknowledging “the other inme,” demonstrates that there is no archē ofmeaning found in the self and the self alone, (b) this antiprinciplism is echoed in Benjamin’s claim in “Critique ofViolence” that there is something sacred in life that transcendsnaturalist accounts, and thus is also “allied with the anarchistic” (85), and (c) Benjamin’s account of the messianic also serves to interrupt and question the apparent clarity of any and all conceptual thinking. These claims serve, somehow, to set up themasterful detachment of Judaism and Zionism that occurs in the fifth chapter. But why does the articulation of this political position require pages of grappling with two Jewish philosophers, one (Levinas) whom Prof. Butler explicitly reads in a heterodox manner (“I would prefer to think with Levinas against Levinas,” she writes), and another (Benjamin) whose work she suggests is more suggestive and elliptical than one might imagine would be ideal for a book that seeks to justify an account of Jewishness as anti-identitarian?What are these pages doing here? I want to

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization of a Fractionation Process of Sunflower Lecithin using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Food industry uses lecithins due to their rol as a multifunctional ingredient. Modification process of the original phospholipid composition of native lecithin such as fractionation is desirable for certain applications. The effect of the processing conditions (temperature 35-65o C, incubation time 30-90 min), solvent/lecithin ratio 2:1, 3:1, ethanol:water mixtures (90:10, 96:4, 100:0) and the optimization of the extraction of PC and PI enriched fractions of sunflower lecithin (a non GMO product) were studied. Parameters like yield % and the phospholipid composition of the enriched PC and PI fractions were determined and the percent extraction coefficients (EPC, EPE and EPI) in both enriched fractions were calculated. EPC values corresponding to enriched PC fractions ranged from 6.5 (35o C, 30 min, 2:1, 90:10) to 57.7 (65o C, 90 min, 3:1, 100:0). A significant increase of this coefficient (p &lt; 0.05) was observed at high levels of temperature and incubation time assayed while the high water content in the ethanolic mixture recorded a considerable diminution in phosphatidylcholine extraction. EPI (&lt; 3%) values are related to the high insolubility of phosphatidylinositol in all enriched PC fractions. An opposite behaviour was obtained for the enriched PI fraction. Statistical analysis and response surface methodology evidenced the influence of the different variables on the extraction of PC and PI enriched fractions at laboratory scale. RSM was a good tool for monitoring the evolution of the fractionation process of sunflower lecithin.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The ubiquitin hydrolase OTUB1 promotes glioma cell stemness via suppressing ferroptosis through stabilizing SLC7A11 protein

The ubiquitin hydrolase OTUB1 has been elucidated to be highly expressed in tumors, however, its roles in glioma progression are still confusing. Here, via analyzing several online datasets, OTUB1 expression was shown to be remarkably increased in glioma tissues compared to that in the adjacent tissues, and predicted a poor overall survival of glioma patients. Then OTUB1 was knocked down in glioma cells and it was found that OTUB1 knockdown significantly reduced glioma cell stemness by detecting sphere-formation ability, stemness marker expression, and ALDH activity. Mechanistic experiments revealed that OTUB1 stabilized SLC7A11 protein via directly interacting with SLC7A11, which is a key suppressor of ferripotosis. Indeed, OTUB1 knockdown triggered ferroptosis dependent on SLC7A11 expression. Notably, ectopic expression of SLC7A11 attenuated the inhibition of OTUB1 knockdown on the stemenss of glioma cells. Finally, we found a positive correlation between OTUB1 and SLC7A11 expression in clinical samples. Taken together, this work identifies a novel OTUB1/SLC7A11 axis contributing to glioma cell stemness.

Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Compatibility between transitional justice tools in Colombian and international law

This chapter attempts to demonstrate that the comprehensive transitional justice system created by the Colombian Peace Agreement complies with international law, as it aims to ensure investigation, prosecution, and sanction of mass atrocities, as well as to ensure that victims' rights are satisfied. The first section of this article describes Colombia's international obligations and the application of these in the context of a transition from armed conflict to peace. The second part explores the Comprehensive System of Truth, Justice, Reparation, and Non-Repetition, and analyzes its compatibility with international law.

Topic: Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
11 Spherical-wave dynamical theory: Ii. Takagi’s theory

Abstract This chapter describes Takagi's dynamical theory of the diffraction of incident spherical waves. It considers the crystal wave to be developed as a sum of modulated waves. The fundamental equations are generalized as a set of partial differential equations (Takagi's equations). Their solutions for an incident spherical wave are first obtained by the method of integral equations for both the transmission and reflection geometries. The hyperbolic nature of Takagi's equations is shown and their solution derived using the method of Riemann functions for a point source located on the entrance surface or away from the incident surface. An appendix describes the properties of hyperbolic partial differential equations.

Topic: Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic evidence for protective effects of angiotensin converting enzyme against Alzheimer's disease but not other neurodegenerative diseases in European populations

Background and Objectives: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a commonly prescribed class of medication used to treat heart failure, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. However, previous observational studies have shown conflicting directions of associations between ACE inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Genetic evidence has supported a protective effect of cerebral ACE against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether this effect is mediated through blood pressure and extends to other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We performed genetic colocalization investigating an effect of cortical ACE expression on AD risk in people of European ancestry. We further investigated whether any effect of ACE expression on AD risk is mediated through changes in blood pressure, and whether effects extend to Parkinson’s disease, small vessel disease or cognitive function in a Mendelian randomization paradigm. Results: There was genetic evidence supporting a protective effect of cortical ACE expression on AD risk in people of European ancestry. Although higher cortical ACE expression was associated with higher blood pressure, there was no strong evidence to support that its association with AD was mediated through blood pressure, nor that ACE expression affected risk of other neurodegenerative traits. Discussion: Genetic evidence supports protective effects of cerebral ACE expression on AD, but not other neurodegenerative outcomes in people of European ancestry. Further work is required to investigate whether therapeutic inhibition of ACE increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Topic: Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Frontiersman: Daniel Boone and the Making of America</i>. By Meredith Mason Brown. (Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. Pp. xxii, 375. $34.95.)

"Frontiersman: Daniel Boone and the Making of America. By Meredith Mason Brown. (Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. Pp. xxii, 375. $34.95.)." The Historian, 73(1), pp. 126–127

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Implementation of parallel and serial concatenated convolutional codes

Parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs), called "turbo codes" by their discoverers, have been shown to perform close to the Shannon bound at bit error rates (BERs) between 1e-4 and 1e-6. Serial concatenated convolutional codes (SCCCs), which perform better than PCCCs at BERs lower than 1e-6, were developed borrowing the same principles as PCCCs, including code concatenation, pseudorandom interleaving and iterative decoding. The first part of this dissertation introduces the fundamentals of concatenated convolutional codes. The theoretical and simulated BER performance of PCCC and SCCC are discussed. Encoding and decoding structures are explained, with emphasis on the Log-MAP decoding algorithm and the general soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding module. Sliding window techniques, which can be employed to reduce memory requirements, are also briefly discussed. The second part of this dissertation presents four major contributions to the field of concatenated convolutional coding developed through this research. First, the effects of quantization and fixed point arithmetic on the decoding performance are studied. Analytic bounds and modular renormalization techniques are developed to improve the efficiency of SISO module implementation without compromising the performance. Second, a new stopping criterion, SDR, is discovered. It is found to perform well with lowest cost when evaluating its complexity and performance in comparison with existing criteria. Third, a new type-II code combining automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique is introduced which makes use of the related PCCC and SCCC. Fourth, a new code-assisted synchronization technique is presented, which uses a list approach to leverage the simplicity of the correlation technique and the soft information of the decoder. In particular, the variant that uses SDR criterion achieves superb performance with low complexity. Finally, the third part of this dissertation discusses the FPGA-based implementation of the turbo decoder, which is the fruit of cooperation with fellow researchers.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ON A SINGULARLY PERTURBED, COUPLED ELLIPTIC-ELLIPTIC PROBLEM

To Professor Silviu Sburlan, at his 60 ’ anniversary The behavior of the solution of the below problem (Eɛ), (BCɛ), (T Cɛ) is studied when the small parameter ɛ tends to 0. 1. Introduction. We consider the following coupled boundary value problem of elliptic-elliptic

Topic: Differential Equations and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table 5 from &lt;i&gt;Fusobacterium&lt;/i&gt; in Colonic Flora and Molecular Features of Colorectal Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 92K, Association between high amount of Fusobacterium and clinical and molecular subtypes of CRCs in CIMP1 CRCs.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Uses of Social Network Analysis in Planning: A Review of the Literature

This article reviews the basic concepts of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and its uses in theoretical and empirical planning literature. Continuing a discussion among planning theorists that was initiated at the 2003 ACSP/AESOP Joint Congress, the authors respond to specific gaps identified in papers presented at that conference. Specifically, the authors review the literature on SNA within disciplines related to planning and empirical planning studies using SNA. The authors find that the knowledge base on SNA specifically and network analysis generally is highly fragmented along disciplinary lines, contributing to the critique that it is a fuzzy concept.

Topic: Social Capital and Networks
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigation of a New Heat-Pipe/Latent-Heat-Storage Receiver Element for Solar Dynamic Space Power Systems

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new latent heat storage technique for space applications developed by the DLR-ITT uses LiF as the storage medium in graphite capsules with internal capillary notches to accomodate the volume change upon melting. The receivers of solar dynamic power systems (SDPS) may contain a large number of heat pipes carrying annular such storage capsules for very effective heat transfer and thermal storage. The thermal behavior of one of these heat-pipe/latent-heat-storage elements was investigated theoretically and shall be verified experimentally, both in a geometrically and energetically 1:1 scale with respect to a 25 kW&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; SDPS. This paper summarizes the most important theoretical predictions and describes the planned experiment. The theoretical results show that the required heat flows are essentially achievable but subject to variation with the state of charge of the heat storage units. The relevant temperatures vary in a similar manner.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences