jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Super Twisting SMC Based Speed Sensorless PMSM Driven Solar PV Water Pumping System

In this paper, a super twisting sliding mode controller based (ST-SMC) vector controlled speed sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven single stage solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system is proposed. The ST-SMC minimizes chattering associated with the conventional SMC without affecting tracking accuracy, steady-state performance and robustness of the system. The rotor position is estimated using back-emf method. This eliminates the need of costly mechanical position sensors and increases reliability of the system. A drift free perturb and observe (DF-PO) maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to operate solar PV array at MPP. The output of MPPT controller and the DC link ST-SMC are used to generate reference speed command. The switching pulses for voltage source inverter (VSI) are generated by the hysteresis controller. A prototype of the proposed system is developed. The steady-state, starting and dynamic performances are examined under variable solar irradiations.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
181 Pharmacist Review of Clinical Practice for Crushing Medicines on Two Gerontology Wards in an Acute Hospital

Abstract Background Older patients frequently have difficulty swallowing, due to acute pathologies or chronic conditions. Tablets are often crushed and administered by various methods. This alters the licensed status of the medicine and, in some cases, crushing medicines poses iatrogenic risks to both patients and nursing staff. This study evaluated the prevalence of swallowing difficulties which impact the administration of medicines and assessed current practice in this area. Methods On a single day, clinical pharmacists reviewed all patients on two wards. The pharmacists, together with Nurses and Speech and Language Therapists, reviewed each patient. Patients receiving crushed medicines were identified and the reasons for crushing were established. Each relevant medicine was reviewed to assess suitability for crushing. STOPP/START criteria were used to assess for potentially inappropriate prescribing and continued need for each medicine. Results The study included 48 patients. Six (12.5%) were receiving crushed medicines due to swallowing difficulties/enteral feeding tubes. Prior to the review, the pharmacists were aware that two (33%) of these patients were receiving crushed medicines. The medical teams were not aware that the remaining four patients were receiving crushed medicines. The six patients were prescribed 48 oral medicines in total. 36 (75%) were being crushed while 12 (25%) were being administered in a suitable licensed formulation (liquid/dispersible tablet). The pharmacists confirmed that 24 (67%) were appropriate for crushing but recommended adjustment in 12 (33%) instances: 8 (22%) were available in a suitable alternative formulation and crushing was contraindicated in 4 (11%) instances (sustained release/enteric coated preparations). Additionally, STOPP/START criteria identified 6 (12.5%) of medicines as potentially inappropriate and requiring clinical review. Conclusion Administration of medicines in patients with swallowing difficulties was sub-optimal. Clinical pharmacist review of medicines supports appropriate administration in these patients. A system to promote close communication within the multi-disciplinary team regarding patient’s swallowing ability is needed.

Topic: Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Reliability of EasyForce Dynamometer for Assessment of Maximal Knee and Hip Strength, and Comparison to Rigid Isometric Dynamometers with External Fixation

This study aimed to assess intra- and inter-visit reliability of a novel EasyForce dynamometer for assessment of maximal strength in knee extension and flexion, and hip abduction and adduction tasks. Young healthy participants (n = 50; 25 males, 25 females; age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years) were measured for maximal joint torque with EasyForce dynamometer and rigid isometric dynamometers with external fixation, in two-sessions (5–10 days apart). The intra-visit reliability was high (ICC) = 0.84–0.95 knee; 0.90–0.94 hip), with absolute reliability sometimes exceeding the acceptable threshold (CV = 6.9–10.6% knee; 7.8–11.8% hip). Inter-visit reliability was excellent for all tasks (ICC = 0.95–0.97 knee; 0.95–0.96 hip). Although the EasyForce values were different compared to rigid dynamometers, the correlations between the devices were high (r = 0.64–0.75 knee; 0.70–0.75 hip). In conclusion, the EasyForce dynamometer provides reliable means of assessing knee (extension and flexion) and hip (abduction and adduction) muscle strength.

Topic: Sports injuries and prevention
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful double bioprosthetic valve replacement in a 64-year-old man with carcinoid syndrome and bipolar disorder: case report.

The case is described of a 64-year-old man with bipolar disorder and severe carcinoid heart disease who required a double valve replacement. Multidisciplinary team involvement and extensive preoperative investigations resulted in a successful regimen which prevented reactivation of carcinoid syndrome and avoided the serious side effects of lantreotide and lithium therapy. In addition, two bioprosthetic valves were used, thereby avoiding the potential complications of anticoagulation in a patient with known hepatic metastases.

Topic: Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
K.V. Agamirov. Legal forecasting as a factor in improving the Russian legal system

A review of the monograph by Doctor of Law K.V. Agamirov “Legal forecasting as a factor in improving the Russian legal system”. The theoretical and methodological foundations of legal forecasting are established; its role in the development strategy of the legal system is revealed; the prognostic directions of improving sectoral legislation are investigated; the mechanism of forecasting legal behavior is disclosed; the organizational and institutional aspect of legal forecasting is analyzed. The monograph is intended for employees of research institutions, teaching staff, graduate students and students of law schools and faculties. It can attract the attention of representatives of state authorities, the public and everyone who is interested in the problems of legal science, law-making, law enforcement practice and sociology of law.

Topic: Education, Law, and Society
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Localization of AGN-1, which binds to protein phosphatase 6, with tau alternative splicing variants in U1spliceosome

We cloned AGN-1 that interacted with protein phosphatase 6 as a molecule highly expressed in nephritic rat kidney. Our previous studies showed that AGN-1 was co-localized with U1-70K, one of U1snRNP, and splicing factor SC35, which was found to participate in the synthesis of tau alternative splicing variants, 4R-tau and 3R-tau. In addition, AGN-1 siRNA treatment resulted in alteration of 4R-tau/3R-tau mRNA ratio in neuronal cells in culture. In this study, we investigated co-localization of AGN-1 and tau alternative splicing variants in U1 spliceosome, composed of U1-70K and U1-A. RNA immunoprecipitation was carried out using nuclear extract prepared from Neuro2a cells and anti-phosphorylated SC35 antibody, followed by RT-PCR to detect tau pre-mRNA/mRNA bound to phosphorylated SC35. To confirm co-localization of SC35, AGN-1, U1-70K, and U1-A, protein immunoprecipitation was also performed with anti-phosphorylated SC35 antibody. RNA immunoprecipitation showed PCR fragments derived from 4R-tau and 3R-tau. Protein immunoprecipitation revealed co-localization of U1-70K, U1-A, AGN-1, and phosphorylated SC35. These results suggest that in U1 spliceosome, AGN-1 may localize with tau alternative splicing variants, 4R-tau and 3R-tau.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Russian nuclear weapons, 2023

The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: Director Hans M. Kristensen, Senior Research Associate and Project Manager Matt Korda, and Research Associate Eliana Reynolds. The Nuclear Notebook column has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue's column examines Russia's nuclear arsenal, which includes a stockpile of approximately 4,489 warheads. Of these, some 1,674 strategic warheads are deployed on ballistic missiles and at heavy bomber bases, while an approximate additional 999 strategic warheads, along with 1,816 nonstrategic warheads, are held in reserve. The Russian arsenal continues its broad modernization intended to replace most Soviet-era weapons by the late-2020s. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns, go to https://thebulletin.org/nuclear-risk/nuclear-weapons/nuclear-notebook/.

Topic: Nuclear Issues and Defense
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Tripartite Relationship between Mushrooms, Mycetophilid Gnats, and Nematodes

Iotonchium属線虫は担子菌類の子実体 (きのこ) を利用する線虫の一群である。その生活史には子実体を利用する菌食世代とキノコバエ科昆虫に寄生する昆虫寄生世代が存在する。本属の線虫はこれまでに全世界で 11種が報告されているが, その生活史の詳細が明らかになっているものは５種のみであり, そのうちの4種が日本国内から報告されている。Iotonchium ungulatumはヒラタケ白こぶ病の病原体であり, ヒラタケ属菌の子実体のひだに線虫えいを生じさせることで知られているが, それ以外の線虫では宿主菌の子実体に線虫えいを生じさせることはなく, その子実体組織内に棲息する。Iotonchium属線虫はキノコバエ科昆虫と密接な関係を持っていると考えられ, その近縁種と思われる化石種がキノコバエ化石とともに琥珀内から発見されている。本稿ではこれらの生物群が関与する三者間相互関係について詳述するとともに, その進化的関係や今後の研究の課題についても議論する。

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nonlinear Impact of Air Quality on Tourist Arrivals: New Proposal and Evidence

This study makes a novel contribution to the tourism literature by proposing an inverted U–shaped impact of air quality on tourist arrivals and examining this relationship using 58 major tourist cities in China from 2004 to 2015. The estimation of linear and nonlinear dynamic panel regression tests is based on the system generalized method of moments. The linear test results show that air quality measured by the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has a significantly negative impact on both inbound and domestic tourist arrivals. The nonlinear test results validate an inverted U–shaped link between air quality and both inbound and domestic tourist arrivals.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Empirical investigations supporting an extensible, theoretical approach to understanding software inspections

Empirical software engineering research has directed substantial effort towards understanding and improving software inspection, a defect detection method much less costly than testing. However, software inspection suffers from a lack of theory governing the process and its outcomes, leading to apparently contradictory experimental outcomes that cannot easily be reconciled. This theoretical uncertainty hinders efforts to effectively address delocalisation - the occurrence of related information in different artefacts, or parts of a software system. Delocalisation is a hurdle to software comprehension, an activity fundamental to inspection.A gap currently exists between the development of inspection strategies and theories of software comprehension, manifested in two ways. First, although some strategies seek to enhance an inspector's understanding of key parts of the software, they generally ignore variability between inspectors. A particular form of guidance or cognitive support given to one inspector may have a different effect when given to another. Second, while models of inspection cost effectiveness exist, they are not expressed in terms of factors that might be manipulated to improve inspection performance. It is not clear how far an inspector should go to address one particular concern in the software, before the benefits of doing so are outweighed by the risk of ignoring other concerns.This thesis first reports on an industry survey examining the current state of practice with respect to peer reviews. Two more qualitative studies were conducted to explore approaches inspectors might take to the comprehension of artefact interrelationships and the challenges posed by delocalisation. A controlled experiment is then presented to show how active guidance and inspector expertise affect the detection of individual defects.Using the results of these studies, a theoretical framework and model of inspection cost effectiveness are proposed in which the effects of experience, cognitive support and the reading technique can be used to predict the consequences of a given inspection strategy. A simulation of the model was conducted to compare several new and existing inspection strategies. Thus, the framework and model provide a basis upon which an appropriate inspection strategy can be developed, selected or refined for a given software project.The results of these investigations suggest several ways in which inspection practices might be improved, including through the additional use of tool support and selective use of active guidance under specific conditions. By instantiating and using the proposed inspection model, software development organisations can engineer optimally cost effective inspection strategies.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
HIV/AIDS and oral health: Sri Lankan context

Oral manifestations are used as diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic markers of HIV: Some being characteristic while others are indicative. Oral presentation of HIV patients depends on many factors and varies with geographic location, demographics and culture: a fact not studied for Sri Lanka. \n\nObjective: To evaluate the oral presentation of HIV patients under care in Sri Lanka\n\nMethods: 129 known HIV cases presenting for treatment at ART clinic Colombo selected; consent obtained; interview and clinical examination conducted by a qualified &amp; registered Dentist.\n\nResults: Sample- males-77(60%): females-52(40%), average age- 41.6 years, 80% ever married, 77.5% currently employed and 98.5% having formal education. On average sample was 4.9 years post diagnosis and 78% were on ART- average treatment duration 3.5 years. Majority of the sample presented with satisfactory oral hygiene (&amp;gt;85%). Average Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index (DMFT) was 9.4 teeth: D-3.0, M-5.8, F-0.6 with 13.5% having dental prosthesis. Many 57(44%) showed soft tissue lesions averaging 0.57 lesions per person: HIV Gingivitis and Necrotizing Periodontitis were low at- 3(2%) and 10(8%); 18(14%) Linear Gingival Erythema; 17(13%) Candidiasis; 17(13%) Angular Cheilitis; 5(4%) ulceration; 1(0.8%) Leukoplakia; and 5(4%) geographic tongue. Oral pigmentation was present among 31(24%) while 27(21%) presented with coated tongue.\nThe mean CD4 count was significantly different (p&amp;lt;0.05) among cases with (mean= 398) and without (mean= 452) oral lesions. \n\nConclusion: Oral soft tissue and hard tissue lesions are common among the sample thus, deserves more respect during patient management.

Topic: HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Downhole Energy Harvesting From an Isothermal Well Zone by Converting a Differential Pressure into a Differential Temperature and Combining Thermo-Generators for Smart Well Completions

Abstract The present paper is concerned with a new method for downhole energy harvesting from an isothermal well zone. It is shown that in a horizontal well compartment where there is thermal equilibrium, the pressure differential between the sand face and the wellbore can be converted into temperature differential using a vortex tube system. The flow, pressure and temperature measurements using the vortex tube in a physical model are correlated to the amount of energy generated with different pressure ranges expected in the well environment. The data reveal that the energy generated can charge substantially a battery to operate downhole sensors and control devices.

Topic: Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Community interventions supporting children affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A review to derive evidence-based principles for programming

Approaching 20 years after the first studies drew attention to the issues faced by children and families affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), evaluation data from programs addressing their circumstances remains limited and clustered, especially when considered in relation to the magnitude of donor spending. A review of evaluation evidence was conducted to derive programming principles for interventions supporting HIV-affected children in sub-Saharan Africa, including care and support, cash transfer and HIV-prevention interventions. Methodologies of existing evaluations reflect diverse aims and research questions, and inconsistent geographical and thematic coverage. The quality of evidence was most rigorous for HIV prevention and least rigorous for care and support, and the resulting lessons learned were correspondingly variable. Evidence across the three intervention types supports several practical strategies and cross-cutting principles to guide intervention delivery, including the importance of formative research and locally tailoring interventions; community and child participation; working directly with women; multifaceted targeting strategies; actively addressing stigma; and careful oversight and monitoring of program implementation. Further efforts to build field staff capacity in monitoring and evaluation and to strengthen program management information systems are a necessary investment in building a sound evidence base to improve programs and effect tangible quality of life improvements for children and families.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Taste for Learning

Understanding mechanisms of learning and memory storage in the human brain will contribute to designing strategies for optimizing this functionality in both biological and electronic neural networks. Studies of memory-deficient patients have localized some of the critical brain areas for memory storage and established that different types of information can be stored in anatomically separate locations. Studies of cellular and biochemical events during associative learning in several molluscan neural networks have produced detailed hypotheses about the causative events leading to changes in synaptic function during learning. Use of recently developed preparations of mammalian CNS should allow direct tests of the generality of the molluscan mechanisms for synaptic plasticity during learning in the mammalian brain.

Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Reading literacy in connection with teaching geometric concepts in the fourth grade of primary school

In the theoretical part of the master's thesis, reading literacy, its role and importance in today's educational system are stressed. Reading literacy was also connected to the subject of mathematics and we searched for their common points. In the process, we present the connections between the language and mathematics, and the ways how to stimulate the development of vocabulary in pupils, and thus its use within mathematics. We also made an overview of concepts and symbols which are introduced to the pupils at the primary level at the planar geometry. Furthermore, we mention the development of the geometric concepts by the two theorists, Piaget and van Hiele. We present their models and search for differences among them. In the empirical part of the master’s thesis, we were interested in how successful pupils are in the use of mathematical terminology, mathematical symbolic notation, and the symbols in the planar geometry. We were mostly interested in words or language which is used in the description of certain geometrical concepts and forming definitions. The pattern of our research was the pupils of the fourth grade of two town elementary schools. Together, we thus included five classes of the fourth-graders. By the examination which we composed, we checked the use of some basic terms of the planar geometry (a point, a line segment, a line, and a ray). Among others, we were also interested in knowing the terms in connection with the circle and the circumference (a center, a radius, and a diameter) and the terms parallelism, perpendicularity, and symmetry. The uses of symbolic notation and the symbols were checked with the appropriate mark of lines (a line segment, a line, and a ray), notation of mutual position of lines, notation of compliant line segments, and the notation of length and the sums of lengths of the segment lines.&#13;\nThe results of the research showed that most pupils recognize and appropriately name the basic geometrical concepts and mark them with a symbol appropriately. The difficulties begin to emerge in the description of geometrical concepts in form of a few-sentential notation and in the notation of the difference between geometrical concepts where words are in the forefront again. This can tell us that pupils are still not used to the use of language i.e. the use of words in mathematics, by which they could present certain concepts. They present the concepts by drawing the picture more easily, while they are still pretty modest in the use of the appropriate terms and technical words. As we mentioned van Hiele and the levels of geometric thinking, we can say that pupils included in our pattern are on the descriptive level, as predicted by the model. However, we believe in spite of that that the knowledge of the pupils is not yet perfect and that in the following years some deeper understanding will have to be acquired in certain geometrical concepts.&#13;\n

Topic: Education, Psychology, and Social Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards assessing the willingness of Intelligence analysts to contribute to Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) in highly classified environments

Since September 11, 2001, the United States Government (USG) has possessed unparalleled capability in terms of dedicated Intelligence and information collection assets supporting the analysts of the Intelligence Community (IC). The USG IC has sponsored, developed, and borne witness to extraordinary advances in technology, techniques, and procedures focused on knowledge harvesting, knowledge sharing, and collaboration. Knowledge, within successful (effective &amp; productive) organizations, exists as a commodity; a commodity that can be created, captured, imparted, shared, and leveraged. This poster will provide an overview of on-going research that addresses the challenge of maintaining strong organizational effectiveness and productivity through the use of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). The main goal of this proposed study is to empirically assess a model to test the impact of the factors of reward, power, centrality, trust, collaborative environment, resistance to share, ease-of-using KMS, organizational structure, and top management support to inducement, willingness to share, as well as opportunity to contribute knowledge to a KMS on knowledge-sharing in highly classified environments.

Topic: Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences