jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Variability in Climate and Irrigation Regimes on Evapo-transpiration and Water Use in Spring Maize

A simple soil water balance approach was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration of spring maize under variable irrigation regimes for two years on loamy sand soil in a semi arid, subtropical region of north India. Moisture stress to crop was created through three irrigation regimes (irrigation water/open pan evaporation ratio of 1.2 (I1.2), 0.9 (I0.9) I0.9 and 0.6 (I0.6)). Depending upon the changes in climate, year 2007 was hot and dry (9.5 cm less rainfall) compared to 2008. During dry season cumulative actual evapotranspiration was greater than the potential evapotranspiration by 14.4 and 6.6 per cent under I1.2 and I0.9 irrigation regimes, respectively. However under I0.6 cumulative actual evapotranspiration was lower than potential evapotranspiration by 3.6 per cent. In wet season cumulative actual evapotranspiration was increased by 14.9, 10.8 and 4.7 per cent under I1.2, I0.9 and I0.6 irrigation regimes, respectively over potential evapotranspiration. During wet season irrigation regime I0.9 was at par with I1.2 in water use efficiency (WUE) thus, more helpful in saving irrigation water. However during dry season irrigation regime I1.2 was beneficial for increasing WUE through increased grain yield. Rainfall favoured the crop growth and grain yield through lowering air temperature and reducing evaporation and recharging soil water storage. Crop coefficients were increased exponentially with leaf area index (LAI) in all treatments and the variability in crop coefficient was more during dry season compared to wet season.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 856: Correlation of prognosis and histologic patterns by the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma is composed of five histologic patterns including lepidic, papillary, acinar, solid, and micropapillary patterns by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society classification. Many researches for histologic pattern and survival rates were performed, but confirmative relationships of histologic pattern and patient's prognosis are unclear. Methods: We searched PubMed using the keywords “IASLC/ATS/ERS classification” and “International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society”. Review articles and case reports were excluded, and duplicated data, insufficient data, and overlapping articles are also excluded. The pooled analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software version 2.0. Results: Lepidic predominant pattern had significantly lower recurrence and expire than acinar, papillary, solid or micropapillary pattern. Acinar or papillary pattern had significantly lower recurrence and expire than solid or micropapillary pattern. Conclusions: Invasive adenocarcinoma with lepidic predominant pattern has better prognosis than that with the other predominant patterns. Acinar and papillary predominant patterns have better prognosis than solid and micropapillary predominant patterns in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. There are no different prognoses between acinar and papillary predominant patterns, and solid and micropapillary predominant patterns of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: Keon Uk Park, Jin Young Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Ilseon Hwang. Correlation of prognosis and histologic patterns by the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 856. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-856

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mathematical Modeling in Bioinformatics: Application of an Alignment-Free Method Combined with Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, an alignment-free bioinformatics technique, termed the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences, is utilized to investigate the similarity/dissimilarity between Baculovirus and Echinococcus multilocularis genome sequences. In this method, amino acid sequences are depicted as 20D-dynamic graphs, comprising sets of “material points” in a 20-dimensional space. The spatial distribution of these material points is indicative of the sequence characteristics and is quantitatively described by sequence descriptors akin to those employed in dynamics, such as coordinates of the center of mass of the 20D-dynamic graph and the tensor of the moment of inertia of the graph (defined as a symmetric matrix). Each descriptor unveils distinct features of similarity and is employed to establish similarity relations among the examined sequences, manifested either as a symmetric distance matrix (“similarity matrix”), a classification map, or a phylogenetic tree. The classification maps are introduced as a new way of visualizing the similarity relations obtained using the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences. Some classification maps are obtained using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the center of mass coordinates and normalized moments of inertia of 20D-dynamic graphs as input data. Although the method operates in a multidimensional space, we also apply some visualization techniques, including the projection of 20D-dynamic graphs onto a 2D plane. Studies on model sequences indicate that the method is of high quality, both graphically and numerically. Despite the high similarity observed among the sequences of E. multilocularis, subtle discrepancies can be discerned on the 2D graphs. Employing this approach has led to the discovery of numerous new similarity relations compared to our prior study conducted at the DNA level, using the 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, another alignment-free bioinformatics method also introduced by us.

Topic: Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hydroxycoumarin Scopoletin Inhibits Bone Loss through Enhancing Induction of Bone Turnover Markers in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes induces bone deterioration, which leads to increased risk of fracture, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Thus, diabetes-associated bone fragility has been recognized as a diabetic complication. However, the pathophysiological effects of hyperglycemia on bone turnover remain unclear. Literature evidence demonstrates that anti-diabetic medications increase the risk of fractures in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Scopoletin is a naturally occurring hydroxycoumarin potentially exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and ameliorating insulin resistance as an anti-diabetic agent. However, little is known regarding the effects of scopoletin on the impairment of bone remodeling that is caused by diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify that scopoletin was capable of inhibiting the impairment of bone remodeling and turnover in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Submicromolar scopoletin accelerated the formation TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (40.0 vs. 105.1%) and actin ring structures impaired by 33 mM glucose. Further, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced bone resorption and the induction of matrix-degrading enzymes in diabetic osteoclasts. The oral administration of 10 mg/kg scopoletin elevated serum RANKL/OPG ratio and osteocalcin level reduced in db/db mice along with an increase in BMD by ~6–14%; however, it was not effective in lowering blood glucose and hemoglobin glycation. In addition, the supplementation of scopoletin elevated the formation of trabecular bones and collagen fibers in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis with a thicker epiphyseal plate and cortical bones. Furthermore, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced ALP activity (4.39 vs. 7.02 nmol p-nitrophenyl phosphate/min/mg protein) and deposits of mineralized bone nodules in cultured osteoblasts reduced by 33 mM glucose. The treatment of diabetic osteoblasts with scopoletin stimulated the cellular induction of BMP-2 and osteopontin and Runx2 transcription. Accordingly, the administration of scopoletin protected mice from type 2 diabetes-associated bone loss through boosting bone remodeling via the robust induction of bone turnover markers of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These findings suggest that scopoletin could be a potential osteoprotective agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated bone loss and fractures.

Topic: Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
POLITENESS OF WOMEN’S LANGUAGE (JOSEIGO) BY SHIN TANOKURA IN DRAMA SERIES OF OSHIN

This study aims to assess information about variety of women’s language by Shin Tanokura, women’s language that represent the principles of politeness and politeness scale in drama series of Oshin. Research based on theory of Kindaichi (1988) for variety of women’s language and theory of Leech (2011) for the principles of politeness and politeness scale. This is kind of qualitative research. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis. Source of data in this study is drama series of Oshin. While the data in this study are uttarances containing women’s language, women’s language that represent the principles of politeness and politeness scale. Data collection technique which used is observing method.The results showed, variety of women’s language by Shin Tanokura in drama series of Oshin is based on the theory of Kindaichi (1988): 1) Goi level, consists of using shuujoshi (wa, kashira, mono dan no), kantanshi (maa dan ara), ninshoudaimeishi (atakushi, atashi dan anata), koshou (~san, ~sama dan anata), keigo (teineigo, kenjougo dan sonkeigo) dan wago (tsuite iku); 2) Tougo level, consists of using iikirenai hyougen dan kurikaeshi hyougen; 3) Danwa level, consists of using youkyuu hyougen, aizuchi dan aisatsu, kimari monku. The classifications above represented in six maxims of the principles of politeness, tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim. According on theory of Leech (2011), there are three politeness scales, 1) Profit and loss scale, 2) Indirect scale and 3) Which like scale. Then, three scale are linked to one another and implemented in women’s language by Shin Tanokura in drama series of Oshin, the result are profit on addressees-direct-high, profit on addressees-direct-medium, profit on addressees-direct-low, profit on addressees-indirect-medium, profit on addressees-indirect-low, profit on speaker, addressees-direct-low and profit on speaker, addressees-indirect-high.

Topic: Linguistics and Language Analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Enough Already! 15 Things About wholesale baseball jerseys cheap We're Tired of Hearing

The can seem to do anything right. They can even lose right. I have trained since I was eight for this moment and for it to come true today in front of everyone I am over the moon and I am speechless.I walked through the tunnel I was getting goosebumps on the back of my neck. I was like am actually doing this! said to myself, I want to get on the ball early and get as many touches as I can.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cattle, Common and Northern Cattle Grub Control in Wyoming with TF302 (Crufomate) Pour-On Insecticide, 1977

Abstract 32% crufomate (Dow Chemical TF302) pour-on was applied on Oct 2277 to Hereford cattle at the University of Wyoming Agriculture Substation, Gillette, Wyoming. Twenty-five mature cows, 17 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves were treated at application rates of: 1.0oz/170-250 lb, 1.5 oz/251-350 lb, 2.0 oz/351-450 lb, 2.5 oz/451-550 oz, 3.0 oz/551-750 lb, or 4.0 o;:/751 lb or more. Five cows, 5 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves from the same herd were left untreated. Grub numbers were determined by palpation on Feb 3’77andapr 22’77.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biological features of Crocus speciosus M. Bieb. (Iridaceae family)

The paper presents the results of studying the decorative species Crocus speciosus. Some features of the formation and development of male and female generative spheres are presented. It is shown that the formed anther wall is generated by the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The wall of the mature anther is formed by the epidermis, fibrous endothecium with fibrous thickening, and a tapetal spathella with sporopollenin orbicles. Analysis of mature pollen grains showed a rather high proportion of normal pollen grains (80%), which under favorable conditions indicates a high ability to effectively pollinate. The characteristics of the female generative sphere are also shown: three-celled ovary; anatropic, bitegmal, funicular, crassinucellate ovule; linear tetrad of megaspores; Polygonum-type of embryonic sac development. The processes of flowering, pollination and seed formation are described.

Topic: Saffron Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dynamic analysis of magneto-electro-elastic nanostructures using node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method combined with micromechanics-based asymptotic homogenization technique

The node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method combined with the asymptotic homogenization method was proposed, as an addition to the finite element method, to address the static and dynamic reactions of magneto-electro-elastic coupling micromechanical problems. First, several basic equations for relevant problems were derived. Second, asymptotic homogenization method was utilized to determine the material properties of magneto-electro-elastic nanomaterials. Third, node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method was applied to obtain the discrete equations of magneto-electro-elastic nanostructures. Then, the Newmark method was introduced to solve the response of microcosmic problems. Finally, several numerical examples were calculated to prove the accuracy, convergence, and reliability of node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method by comparing the results of node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method with those of finite element method.

Topic: Composite Material Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to offer a new gender-aware framework to provide a springboard for furthering a holistic understanding of women’s entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach - The paper builds on an existing framework articulating the “3Ms” (markets, money and management) required for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. Drawing on institutional theory, it is argued that this “3M” framework needs further development and “motherhood” and “meso/macro environment” are added to extend and mediate the “3Ms” and construct a “5M” framework to enable the study of women’s entrepreneurship in its own right. Findings - It was found that “Motherhood” is a metaphor representing the household and family context of female entrepreneurs, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The meso/macro environment captures considerations beyond the market, such as expectations of society and cultural norms (macro), and intermediate structures and institutions (meso). Practical implications - For the women entrepreneur, this analysis has implications for understanding the sources of the challenges they face by providing insights on the importance of the interplay of both individual and societal factors that impact on their enterprise. For policy makers, it turns the spotlight on the need for an integrated approach for fostering female entrepreneurs that is not blind to overarching institutionalised social structures and gender asymmetries. Originality/value - The framework helps lay a foundation for coherent research on women’s entrepreneurship. It is unique in making explicit the social embeddedness of women entrepreneurs and considers the multiple levels of influence on their entrepreneurial actions.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Bulletin No. 277 - A Study of Utah's Winter Range: Composition of Forage Plants and Use of Supplements

Range forage provides the foundation for the maintenance ration available for most sheep wintered in Utah. The nature and amount of supplemental concentrate or roughage needed with this forage to provide an adequate and efficient ration for sheep naturally depends on the nature and amount of range forage available. Present uncertainty as to the relative merits of the various available supplements originates largely through a lack of definite knowledge as to the composition and feeding value of the various range plants that go to make up the range-forage supply on the particular range in question.\nE. J. Maynard

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF TERRITORIAL PLACEMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

The primary task of our work is to determine the distribution and functioning of healthcare facilities in the planning structure of large cities in domestic and foreign practice. Domestic experience is present in cities which are characterized by introducing reforms in the health system: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Tomsk, Perm. We studied the features of the distribution of healthcare facilities in cities which are characterized by an active policy of reforming the health care system: Singapore, Hong Kong, Great Britain, Germany, Israel. The research have been conducted on the basis of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis and systematization of data identified from literary, graphic and Internet resources. As a result of analysis the spatial placement of the components the healthcare facilities we have been compiled the heat maps, which demonstrating the features of placement in the planning structure of cities. We have been analyzing a land plots of healthcare facilities to identify the compliance to the current regulatory documents and to determine the density of development depending on the location in the structure of the city. We have been carrying out a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign experience of the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities. As a result, we have been identified two forms of spatial organization of healthcare facilities: point-based «network» and interconnected and functionally dependent organizations concentrated on a local territory the «medical clusters» – one of the most important trends of health care system

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Modern Dynamics of the Red Deer (Сervus elaphus maral) Population in the Caucasian State Nature Reserve

The dynamics of 19 local red deer (Сervus elaphus maral Ogilbi 1840) groupings in the Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve in the period of 1996‒2015 has been researched; the groupings were divided into three groups by their size: large, average, and small ones. It was found that the population decline at the end of 20th century has resulted in levelling of local deer groupings: all of them became small but none disappeared completely. Further population growth has resulted in the formation of large and average local groupings in central parts of the nature reserve; a gradual restoration of optimal ratios between those can be observed. In some peripheral areas of the biosphere reserve, the red deer population is not recovering, while the average size of the small groupings is decreasing. At least four local deer groupings have lost their independent status in the metapopulation structure of the species due to anthropogenic factors and continue their existence owing to neighboring local groupings on the basis of the “source‒sink” system operation principle.

Topic: Ecology and biodiversity studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heaney,s hysterectomy for benign pathological conditions of uterus at tertiary care hospital in southern India

Introduction: Hysterectomy is one of the commonly performed gynaecological surgery. Vaginal hysterectomy is a natural orifice surgery where as laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive procedure. Vaginal hysterectomy is associated with less morbidity, less operative time, short duration of hospital stay and reduced cost compared to laparoscopy. With increasing containment of health care costs and epidemic increase of non communicable medical disorders there is a need for performing vaginal hysterectomy in benign non prolapsed uteri especially in rural settings. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to know the intra operative factors and to study the short term outcomes associated with non descent vaginal hysterectomy {Heaney,s hysterectomy}. Materials and Methods: This is prospective observational study conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital located in rural setting from January 2012 to December 2012. All the patients requiring hysterectomy for benign conditions not associated with uterine descent underwent non descent vaginal hysterectomy. Intra operative factors like blood loss, difficulty in delivery of uterus, bowel and bladder injuries, and conversion rates to laparotomy were noted. Post operative complications were noted. Results: Seventy two patients were planned to undergo non descent vaginal hysterectomy for various benign conditions. Vaginal hysterectomy was done successfully in 70 patients. The mean age was 45.6±3.4 and mean parity was 2.2±0.45. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (55%) was the most common indication. Average duration of surgery was 45- 80 min. The requirement of post operative analgesia was minimal by the patient as there was no abdominal incision. Post operative complications were less. The duration of hospital stay was 3-5 days. Conclusions: Non descent vaginal hysterectomy is less invasive surgery. Less morbidity, lesser duration of hospital stay, cost effectiveness makes vaginal route as the choice

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences