jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Intermediate-Grade Melanocytic Neoplasm: Case Report Associated with Nevus of Ota

Melanocytic lesions of the CNS are rare tumours originating from melanocytes that are present in the leptomeninges. They consist of a spectrum of pigmented tumours ranging from melanocytoma to melanoma. A small group of these tumours have histopathological features between those of a benign melanocytoma and a malignant melanoma; these present as intermediate grade melanocytic neoplasms. Naevus of Ota is a blue hyperpigmented dermal lesion characterized by increased number of melanocytes in the distribution of ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The association of an intracranial intermediate-grade melanocytic neoplasm with a nevus of Ota is extremely rare, with only 2 cases reported in the literature to date. As a result, their behavior and progression are still poorly understood. We present the first case of a familial naevus of Ota associated with intermediate-grade melanocytic neoplasm.

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Resources and Residency Training for the Foot and Ankle Domain

Background. Residency programs use the annual Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) prepared by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) to monitor resident progress and prepare them for the part 1 of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) Certifying Examination. The purpose of this study was to determine resources residents currently use to prepare for the OITE and also to learn about their perception of training they receive in the foot and ankle subspecialty in their program and their interest in foot and ankle fellowship after residency. Methods. An anonymous survey was sent to both allopathic programs and osteopathic residents to learn what resources residents used to study for the OITE, preparatory question sets, on-call resources, their perception on training received in foot and ankle surgery, and their intent to pursue fellowship training. Results. A total of 130 residents participated in the survey. The majority of residents in allopathic and osteopathic residencies used Orthobullets (OB) to prepare for the OITE and use this resource while on-call. Most residents also used OB question sets to study along with the AAOS self-assessment examinations. In total, 43.2% of osteopathic residents felt they did not get enough exposure to foot and ankle subspecialty while in training, in contrast to 31.2% of allopathic residents. A total of 35% of all orthopaedic surgery residents felt they lacked enough exposure to foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery. Only 7 residents (6%, 6 allopathic, 1 osteopathic) intended to pursue a foot and ankle fellowship following graduation. Conclusion. Online resources such as OB continue to be frequently used by residents for preparation for the OITE. Greater than one-third of orthopaedic residents feel they do not get enough exposure to foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in this area could be helped by continued endeavors from the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society such as the Visiting Professor Program and Resident Scholarship Program. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Single Cross-Sectional Study

Topic: Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Anti-Depressive Treatment is Falling: A Meta-Analysis”: Correction to Johnsen and Friborg (2015).

Reports an error in "The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling: A meta-analysis" by Tom J. Johnsen and Oddgeir Friborg (Psychological Bulletin, 2015[Jul], Vol 141[4], 747-768). There are several numerical errors in the flowchart summarizing the selection and exclusion of studies as contained in Figure 1. The correct number of titles not further investigated should be 27,381; abstracts rejected should be 1,181; Excluded, different treatment form should be (94). The errors do not affect the results or conclusions of the study as the final number of meta-analysable studies are the same as originally reported. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-20361-001.) A meta-analysis examining temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression was conducted. A comprehensive search of psychotherapy trials yielded 70 eligible studies from 1977 to 2014. Effect sizes (ES) were quantified as Hedge's g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Rates of remission were also registered. The publication year of each study was examined as a linear metaregression predictor of ES, and as part of a 2-way interaction with other moderators (Year × Moderator). The average ES of the BDI was 1.58 (95% CI [1.43, 1.74]), and 1.69 for the HRSD (95% CI [1.48, 1.89]). Subgroup analyses revealed that women profited more from therapy than did men (p < .05). Experienced psychologists (g = 1.55) achieved better results (p < .01) than less experienced student therapists (g = 0.98). The metaregressions examining the temporal trends indicated that the effects of CBT have declined linearly and steadily since its introduction, as measured by patients' self-reports (the BDI, p < .001), clinicians' ratings (the HRSD, p < .01) and rates of remission (p < .01). Subgroup analyses confirmed that the declining trend was present in both within-group (pre/post) designs (p < .01) and controlled trial designs (p = .02). Thus, modern CBT clinical trials seemingly provided less relief from depressive symptoms as compared with the seminal trials. Potential causes and possible implications for future studies are discussed.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Matter of Courtesy: The Role of Soviet Diplomacy and Soviet “System Safeguards” in Maintaining Soviet Influence on Czechoslovak Science before and after 1968

Abstract In 1969, a few short months after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, Sergei I. Prasolov, advisor to the Soviet Ambassador in Prague, informed František Šorm, President of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, at a formal meeting that he welcomed Šorm's suggestion to intensify scientific exchange between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. Šorm politely declined this offer. Behind the veneer of diplomatic courtesy on the part of both actors, a real drama was taking place. Šorm and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences had actually never formulated such a request. To the contrary, since the late 1950s the academy had repeatedly pointed out that the Soviets were incapable of coordinating scientific activities in the Eastern Bloc. The Soviet system of academic cooperation within the Eastern Bloc had already begun to collapse after the Geneva Summit of 1955, where the Soviets opened the door to international collaboration across the Iron Curtain. Yet it was only in the late 1960s that the Soviets realized that while they dominated large‐scale international collaboration, they had lost control of internal developments within the Eastern Bloc.

Topic: Eastern European Communism and Reforms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Concepts and attempts for ULTRA STEELs at NIMS.

Steel as one of the most traditional materials is the target of NIMS (National Institute for Materials Science, Japan) project. The usage of steel is various and abundant. Even a small amount of a decrease in environmental load related to steel service makes a significant progress in the global. Doubled strength and doubled service life are aimed at in the ULTRA STEEL project at NIMS. Materials design and methodology for these goals need new concepts in steel research and already five-year-attempts have been done with prominent results.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Passive Transfer of Antibodies to Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III in Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Immune serum globulins derived from pooled plasma are being scrutinized as a possible source of viral infection and a cause of seroconversion to the viral antibodies.<sup>1,2</sup>Recently, there has been evidence that antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (anti-HTLV-III) is present in anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin and may inducea transient seroconversion.<sup>2</sup>Fortunately, there is no evidence that hepatitis B vaccines transmit HTLV-III infection or are associated with the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<sup>2,3</sup>We recently evaluated several immunoglobulin preparations for the presence of anti-HTLV-III and studied whether hypogammaglobulinemic patients who had been receiving high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins developed positive serological test findings for anti-HTLV-III. Four of five immunoglobulin preparations were positive for anti-HTLV-III by enzyme immunoassay; however, only two preparations were positive by Western blot analysis (Table). Eleven patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia who had received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for more than two years were studied. None of these

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Speaking and Perceiving Security: A Case Study of the Trump Administration’s Securitization of Illegal Immigration Fueling Populism in the US

During his presidential campaign and throughout his presidency Donald Trump’s dealings with illegal immigration have sparked global controversy. The election of Donald Trump has thus insinuated a debate within the academic field of International Relations and a reoccurring concept within said debate is populism. This thesis includes itself into said debate through considering the empirical case study of the Trump administration’s securitization of illegal immigration. More specifically, it investigates how Trump’s securitizing speech acts fuel populism in the US which challenges discourses of open borders and subsequently affects US-Mexico relations. The thesis analyzes polls to captivate the US’ general population as an audience and applies discourse analysis on speeches held by Donald Trump to grasp how the Trump administration’s securitization of illegal immigration fueled populism in the US. It studies the negative effects of the securitization on US-Mexico relations by examining the reactions of Mexican presidents, members of the Mexican Foreign Relations Department and members of the Mexican senate. It is found that Trump’s rhetoric employed throughout the securitization of illegal immigration fueled authoritarian populism and xenophobic populism in the US which captivates the negative sentiments of the predominantly conservative Republican voters towards illegal immigration. The employed rhetoric subsequently challenged discourses of open borders. The effects of said challenges had negative implications on US-Mexico relations as the investigations of the reactions of the Mexican presidents, the members of the Mexican Foreign Relations Department and the members of the Mexican senate have shown.

Topic: Global Security and Public Health
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abiotic factors and photosynthetically active photon density affect the physiological mechanisms of jaboticaba

ABSTRACT In fruit species, the amount of solar energy absorbed can influence fruit quality; hence, ensuring optimal light distribution management in the canopy of plants is essential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the variations in gas exchange through the day and (ii) identify the photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) that promotes higher chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport rate in jaboticaba seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments consisting of 18 photosynthetic photon flux densities and three evaluations throughout the day. Six replicates were used, with two plants per plot. Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in P. peruviana were altered due to fluctuating photosynthetic photon flux density (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 175; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1,000; 1,200; 1,400; 1,600; 1,800; and 2,000 μmol m-2 s-1) and environmental conditions throughout the day (8:00 a.m., 12:00 and 4:00 p.m.). The higher PPFD (1,384.6 μmol m-2 s-1) and air temperature (39.74 °C) at noon (12:00 p.m.) favored gas exchange in this species. An increase in PPFD of up to 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 positively influenced the gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of P. peruviana.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On evaluating the impact of tile partitioning in AV1

The advent of 4K and 8K resolutions in cameras and TV sets, posed a challenge to Video on Demand (VoD) and live streaming industry since the network overhead compared to FullHD was multiplied. For this reason, new video coding standards were launched as successors to the ageing H.264/AVC that dominated the DVD era. Arguably, the most prominent examples of the new generation video coding standards are the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and the recently launched AV1. Regardless, of the related debate on the comparative performance of HEVC and AV1, both standards promise increased compression ratios, for the same quality, compared to H.264/AVC. Nevertheless, the required performance (particularly in 4K/8K) is achieved at the expense of significantly large computational time. To ameliorate the situation, parallel processing techniques can be used at various levels. Of particular interest, are coarse grained primitives that split a frame into separately codeable areas, since they are trivially parallelizable and can be used in combination with finer grained methods, e.g., at motion estimation or transformation levels. In this paper we turn our interest into tile parallelization, which was introduced by HEVC and also adopted by AV1. Most of the existing works compare the potential performance of HEVC against AV1 in coding efficiency terms assuming no parallel settings. On the contrary, our focus is to characterize the effects of tile partitioning in video coding performance, particularly for the AV1 standard, and compare the findings against HEVC. © 2018 Association for Computing Machinery.

Topic: Video Coding and Compression Technologies
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mosaics of time. The Latin chronicle traditions from the first century BC to the sixth century AD, <i>I:</i> A historical introduction to the chronicle genre from its origins to the high Middle Ages. By R. W. Burgess and Michael Kulikowski. (Studies in the Early Middle Ages, 33.) Pp. xiv+446. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013. €100. 978 2 503 53140 3

Mosaics of time. The Latin chronicle traditions from the first century BC to the sixth century AD, I: A historical introduction to the chronicle genre from its origins to the high Middle Ages. By R. W. Burgess and Michael Kulikowski. (Studies in the Early Middle Ages, 33.) Pp. xiv+446. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013. €100. 978 2 503 53140 3 - Volume 65 Issue 4

Topic: Historical and Archaeological Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Increased Oil Production and Reserves from Improved Completion Techniques in the Bluebell Field, Uinta Basin, Utah, Class I

The objective of this project was to increase oil production and reserves by the use of improved reservoir characterization and completion techniques in the Unita Basin Utah. To accomplish this objective, a two-year geologic and engineering characterization of the Bluebell field was conducted. The study evaluated surface and subsurface data, currently used completion techniques, and common production problems. It was determined that advanced case- and open-hole logs could be effective in determining productive beds and that staged-interval (about 500 ft [150 m] per stage) and bed-scale isolation completion techniques could result in improved well performance.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EU H2020 Gauss project. Geo-Fencing Software System

The Geofencing system is the key to operate the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) within the safe and appropriate zone to avoid public concerns and other privacy issues. The system is designed to keep the UAV away from geofenced obstacles using the onboard GNSS and IMU location. The Geofencing system is part of the H2020 GAUSS project and facilities other subsystems, for instance, to support the command and control link, which is the security measure to secure the UAV from hijacking and signal spoofing. The regulatory authorities expressed the concern of having UAVs flying in the no-fly zone and causing troubles from offending private privacy to hazards at airport airspace. Hence the geofence system shall provide guidance message, which enables the UAV to evacuate from no-fly-zone, based on real-time updated location. This thesis aims to first illustrate the generation of geofence and then apply the geofence system on UAV operation. This application enables UAV to fly in the designated area without human intervention. The project is built with JAVA using GIS-enabled Database Management System and Open Soured Map data powered by OpenStreetMap and OS map. This method has been tested by simulations which had results of high accuracy.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strongly Emissive Perovskite Nanocrystal Inks for High Voltage Solar Cells

Lead halide perovskite semiconductors have recently gained wide interest following their successful embodiment in solid-state photovoltaic devices with impressive power conversion efficiencies, while offering a relatively simple and low cost processability. While the primary optoelectronic properties of these materials have already met the requirement for high efficiency optoelectronic technologies, industrial up-scale requires more robust processing methods and less toxic solvents than have been commonly used so successfully on the lab-scale. Here, we report a fast, room-temperature synthesis of inks based on CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals using short, low boiling-point ligands and environmentally friendly solvents. Requiring no lengthy post-synthesis treatments, the inks are directly used to fabricate films of high optoelectronic quality, exhibiting photoluminescence quantum yields higher than 30% and an amplified spontaneous emission threshold as low as 1.5 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of a perovskite nanocrystal-based solar cells, with open circuit voltages as high as 1.5 V.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal fractional‐order controller design using direct synthesis method

In this study, an optimal fractional‐order controller is proposed for a type of fractional‐order model utilising the direct synthesis method. In that respect, the fractional counterpart of the second‐order integer transfer function is selected as a closed‐loop reference transfer function. The stability region of the fractional‐order closed‐loop reference transfer function is given via a theorem and related lemmas. Considering that a unity feedback loop is used, the parameters of the fractional‐order closed‐loop reference transfer function are specified based on the integral square error performance index within the specified stability region using a genetic algorithm. The time‐domain characteristics of the optimal fractional‐order closed‐loop reference transfer function are compared with those of the optimal second‐order integer closed‐loop reference transfer function. The fractional‐ and integer‐order controllers that are designed based on optimal closed‐loop reference transfer functions are implemented on a real‐time system. The performance of the fractional‐order controller outperforms that of the integer counterpart on the integral square error criterion. Moreover, the simulation and practical results are consistent with each other.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Design
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
To Know the Field: Shaping the Slum Environment and Cultivating the Self

Abstract A broad array of public policy and anthropological research has demonstrated how the slum environment physically and symbolically excludes its residents from society. Yet recent social shifts in urban South Asia suggest that environment is a way that people living in slums also transform their social identity. I use a conceptual frame of dialectical environment‐self creation to suggest that women in particular use the slum environment as a tool for personal and social redefinition. Women commented on how their techniques to see value in poor environmental conditions, endure harsh weather, and create microenvironments could result in physical changes to environment and body. To the extent they could produce these changes, it reflected on their spiritual capacities as “knowers” of the environmental field, able to identify potential in an inadequate environment through physical endurance and moral fortitude. This research contributes to our understanding of the significance of the environment to the self. I draw attention to the ways that even limited environmental change can have resounding effects for moral definition and communicating social worth.

Topic: Anthropological Studies and Insights
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Wind Tunnel Testing of Plasma Actuator with Two Mesh Electrodes to Boundary Layer Control at High Angle of Attack

The manuscript presents experimental research carried out on the wing model with the SD 7003 profile. A plasma actuator with DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) discharges was placed on the wing surface to control boundary layer. The experimental tests were carried out in the AeroLab wind tunnel where the forces acting on the wing during the tests were measured. The conducted experimental research concerns the analysis of the phenomena that take place on the surface of the wing with the DBD plasma actuator turned off and on. The plasma actuator used during the experimental tests has a different structure compared to the classic plasma actuator. The commonly tested plasma actuator uses solid/impermeable electrodes, while in the research, the plasma actuator uses a new type of electrodes, two mesh electrodes separated by an impermeable Kapton dielectric. The experimental research was carried out for the angle of attack α = 15° and several air velocities V = 5–15 m/s with a step of 5 m/s for the Reynolds number Re = 87,500–262,500. The critical angle of attack at which the SD 7003 profile has the maximum lift coefficient is about 11°; during the experimental research, the angle was 15°. Despite the high angle of attack, it was possible to increase the lift coefficient. The use of a plasma actuator with two mesh electrodes allowed to increase the lift by 5%, even at a high angle of attack. During experimental research used high voltage power supply for powering the DBD plasma actuator in the voltage range from 7.5 to 15 kV.

Topic: Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences