jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thinking outside the neoliberal box? The discursive potential of national climate legislation for the local governance of climate change

In recent years there has been a renewed interest in subnational levels of governance as sites of potential and renewed ambition on climate change. One recent challenge to dominant neoliberal discourses of climate governance is legislation enacted in Wales, which places sustainable development as the central organising principle of local government. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis, supplemented by stakeholder interviews, this research analyses the discursive potential of this legislation in reshaping local governance of climate change. The findings show that the introduction of new legislation can foster the emergence of collaborative structures and collective language, but is limited in its ability to broaden climate governance discourses. This research highlights how seemingly progressive legislation is hampered in its potential through its hybridisation with already-existing neoliberal climate governance discourses and structures. It also demonstrates the importance of discourse analysis in identifying subtle narratives at work in the governance of climate change.

Topic: Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acinetobacter baumannii Gastrointestinal Colonization Is Facilitated by Secretory IgA Which Is Reductively Dissociated by Bacterial Thioredoxin A

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is among the most common causes of infectious complications associated with combat-related trauma in military personnel serving overseas. However, little is currently known about its pathogenesis. While the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been found to be a major reservoir for A. baumannii , as well as to potentially contribute to development of multidrug resistance, no studies have addressed the mechanisms involved in gut colonization. In this study, we address this critical gap in knowledge by first assessing the interaction between secretory IgA (SIgA), the principal humoral immune defense on mucosal surfaces, and the A. baumannii clinical isolate Ci79. Surprisingly, SIgA appeared to enhance A. baumannii GI tract colonization, in a process mediated by bacterial thioredoxin A (TrxA), as evidenced by reduction of bacterial attachment in the presence of TrxA inhibitors. Additionally, a trxA targeted deletion mutant ( ΔtrxA ) showed reduced bacterial burdens within the GI tract 24 h after oral challenge by in vivo live imaging, along with loss of thiol-reductase activity. Surprisingly, not only was GI tract colonization greatly reduced but the associated 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) of the ΔtrxA mutant was increased nearly 100-fold in an intraperitoneal sepsis model. These data suggest that TrxA not only mediates A. baumannii GI tract colonization but also may contribute to pathogenesis in A. baumannii sepsis following escape from the GI tract under conditions when the intestinal barrier is compromised, as occurs with cases of severe shock and trauma. IMPORTANCE Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging bacterial pathogen recently classified as a serious threat to U.S. and global health by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. It also is one of the leading causes of combat-related infections associated with injured military personnel serving overseas. Little is known regarding mechanisms of gastrointestinal tract colonization despite this site being shown to serve as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii isolates. Here, we establish that secretory IgA, the major immunoglobulin of mucosal surfaces, promotes A. baumannii GI tract colonization via bacterial thioredoxin A as evidenced through significant reduction in colonization in IgA-deficient animals. Additionally, bacterial colonization and mortality were significantly reduced in animals challenged with a thioredoxin A-deficient A. baumannii mutant. Combined, these data suggest that thioredoxin A is a novel virulence factor, for which antithioredoxin therapies could be developed, for this important multidrug-resistant pathogen.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Comparison between Africa and South America

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most popular neurodegenerative disease of the last 25 years. Public leaders of sub-Saharan government and northern africa, as well as southern America; takes slowly the train in the global handling and management of AD. Disparities existed between north hemisphere and south hemisphere as studied by Allen et al., but the incidence and prevalence of AD are influenced by the same risk factors. The budget allowed to mental health also changes from one country to another, and the development of a global policy affects clearly the distribution of neurodegenerative disease in different areas. Previous studies reported the direct and indirect costs of AD as well as similar illnesses like Parkinson Disease and Dementia in a general population; but no recent investigation about prevalence or incidence was made in developing countries. Here, we investigated the global epidemiology of AD in southern America and africa. To address this aim, we computed data about prevalence, associated neurological disease, and incidence of AD. We compared after that statistics for the two continents. Findings revealed a prevalence and incidence of AD higher in south america compared with africa. Incidence increase faster in latin america than africa. This preliminary report show the necessity to explore more neurodegenerative disease in developing countries, to have a global point of view.

Topic: Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Top and Root Growth of Irrigated and Nonirrigated Soybeans<sup>1</sup>

Root depth and distribution in the field were correlated with easily measurable above‐ground morphological paranfeters of soybeans ( Glycine max L. Merr. ‘Williams’) at specific physiological stages. Previous research on soybean rooting depth and distribution was conducted with pots or field soil containing a barrier limiting full expression of root development. Other studies sampled a limited numberof times in a barrier free soil. We investigated soybean root depth and distribution under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions in a deep barrier‐free Muir silt loam soll profile. Irrigated plots received a total of 28 cm of water in three furrow applications. We measured plant height and dry weight, root depth, root distribution, and leaf area index each time roots were sampled. Each soil increment sampled (75 cm wide, 7.5 on thick, and in 15 cm increments to the 180 cm depth) was soaked and roots washed free of soil using a 35‐mesh screen. We used neutron moderation and gravimetric sampling to obtain soil water measurements. Soybean roots reached the 160 cm depth in both irrigated and nonirrigated plots. Root depth increased faster than plant height. At physiological maturity, 67% of the soybeans' root dry matter was in the 0–15 cm layer and 89% in the 0‐90 cm layer of the irrigated soil compared with 51% in the 0‐15 cm layer and 83% in the 0–90 can layer of nonirrigated soil. A quick estimate of rooting depth after six node stage (V3) in nonirrigated soybeans, based on our work, would be twice the top height. With irrigated soybeans, root depth would be twice top height from V3 until pod development began (R5.5) and 1.4 ✕ top height thereafter. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for root depth vs. plant height was 0.994 and 0.987 for irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans, respectively.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A role for the Â«Saccharomyces cerevisiaeÂ» kinetochore protein Ame1 in cell cycle control and MT-kinetochore attachment

High fidelity chromosome segregation in all cells requires the formation of bi-oriented attachments between spindle microtubules (MT) and chromosomes. The kinetochore provides a bridge between the MTs and chromosomes. Ame1 is an essential but undercharacterized component of the central kinetochore COMA sub-complex (Ctf19, Okp1, Mcm21, Ame1). In order to characterize Ame1, I used two conditional alleles of the COMA, ame1-4 and okp1-5. I examined the role of Ame1 in the context of the kinetochore and in the maintenance of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the formation and repair of kinetochore-MT attachments. I found that ame1-4 cells have a compromised COMA. In contrast, the COMA is disrupted in okp1-5 cells, but Ame1 remains localized to the kinetochore. Nonetheless, the stability of DNA binding and MT binding kinetochore complexes remains intact in ame1-4 and okp1-5 cells. I used the difference between okp1-5 and ame1-4 to further delineate the relationship between Ame1 and the COMA. ame1-4 cells exhibit defective sister chromatid attachments that are not repaired, and are unable to maintain a checkpoint arrest. We find that disruption of the COMA results in a failure to maintain the localization of Sli15 to the kinetochore. In turn, Sli15 functions in checkpoint maintenance and spindle passenger protein migration. Indicative of the loss of passenger protein migration, ame1-4 cells exhibit a cytokinesis defect. Finally, over-expression of OKP1 in ame1-4 cells restores localization of ame1-4p and re-establishes checkpoint maintenance but does not restore Sli15 kinetochore localization. A synthetic genetic screen (SGA) was carried out to identify genetic interactors of the ame1-4 allele. Thirty-three (33) genes were found to interact with ame1-4 to produce a synthetic sick/lethal phenotype. Many genes identified were common interactors with other kinetochore subunits. Comparing the genetic interaction network of the COMA genes, ame1-4 shared many interac

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2B from GEMS (Gene Expression Metasignatures), a Web Resource for Querying Meta-analysis of Expression Microarray Datasets: 17β-Estradiol in MCF-7 Cells

Supplementary Figure 2B from GEMS (Gene Expression Metasignatures), a Web Resource for Querying Meta-analysis of Expression Microarray Datasets: 17β-Estradiol in MCF-7 Cells

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sustainable Productivity and Profitability through Maize-based Cropping System in Hilly Areas of Manipur

The field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at three different locations of the farmers’ field in Chandel district of NEH Region, Manipur to compare the different maize-based cropping systems. From the two years data, it was observed that the highest maize yield was recorded from the sole crop 50.65 q/ha and 51.20 q/ha during 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively, due to its higher plant population. The equivalent yield of maize 52.16 q/ha and 54.90 q/ha was recorded to be higher in maize + groundnut intercropping system during 2018-19 and 2019-20 as compared to maize + rice bean intercropping system. Though, intercropping with other crops reduced the grain yield of maize but intercropping increased the maize equivalent yield than sole maize. The gross return was highest in maize + groundnut intercropping system with Rs. 152510/ha and Rs.160700/ha with the net profit of Rs. 104141/ha and Rs. 110550/ha during 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The benefit cost ratio was also found to be highest in maize + groundnut intercropping system during the years of experimentations. From this result, it can be concluded that maize + groundnut intercropping will be more beneficial and a viable practiced to achieve the goal of higher sustainable productivity and profitability in attaining doubling of farmers’ income.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage

PrologueA Deadly BeginningWhiskey A-Go-GoTurn to the DeepVelvet FistDeath of a SubmarineThe Ballad of Whitey MackHere She ComesOshkosh BGoshThe USD500 Million Sand CastleTriumph and CrisisThe Crown JewelsTrust but VerifyEpilogue

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SH432600.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Piano Concerto

The Piano Concerto represents an experiment in form in which a set of five&#13;\ncontinuous variations are partitioned into three movements, corresponding to the&#13;\nlistener's expectations of a traditional tripartite concerto. Through the analysis of&#13;\nphrase structure, pitch and motivic variation, links amongst the variations are&#13;\nuncovered and developmental strategies discussed in an attempt to clarify the&#13;\nprocesses of musical creation. By proceeding in analysis from the highest levels of&#13;\norganization downwards, structural trends emerge which lend consistency to the&#13;\nwork— low level patterns often reflect larger structural forces. In addition, a variety of&#13;\nsymmetrical constructs are extant in the form of consistently used pitch collections&#13;\n(e.g., [0 1 4 9], a triad with both M3 and m3, subset of [0 1 4 5 8]), phrase organization&#13;\n(as in the second variation and the second movement) and the grouping of the&#13;\nvariations themselves.&#13;\nSeeded initially as a recorded improvisation by the composer (which became the&#13;\nAria), the Concerto displays formal tension as areas of rigid organization (Variations 1,&#13;\n3, and 5) alternate with more freely organized regions (Variations 2 and 4), a dichotomy&#13;\nwhich springs from the Theme itself. The listener is taken on a linear journey through&#13;\nthe telescoping development of material which maintains more or less explicit&#13;\nconnections to the Theme throughout In general, the further into the work the listener&#13;\nprogresses, the less literal the Thematic references become until a brief recapitulation&#13;\nappears at the end.&#13;\nThe aesthetic which drives this work is based on a fundamental adherence to&#13;\ntraditional procedures, tempered with unique approaches to form. This aesthetic and&#13;\ncertain cohabiting non-traditional aspects of the Concerto will be discussed in the&#13;\nanalysis that follows.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
On once and future things: A temporal asymmetry in judgments of likelihood

What do people see when they gaze into the future?Many people, at least among those in Western cultures, see a future brimming with possibilities.The past, on the other hand, is rarely described as being full of possibility.This is not surprising, as the future is associated with a greater number of possible outcomes, is unknown, and is potentially changeable, whereas the past is associated with fewer possible outcomes, is known or potentially knowable, and cannot be changed.In this dissertation, I argue that because people associate the future with openness and possibility more so than the past, they tend to see any particular uncertain event as more probable in the future than in the past, all else being equal.That is, people judge focal future events to be more likely than otherwise identical past events, once differences in knowledge of the past and future are eliminated.I report a series of studies aimed at documenting this phenomenon and testing the proposed mechanism, the tendency to associate the future with openness and possibility.In Chapter Two, I describe three studies demonstrating this past-future asymmetry in likelihood judgments and testing some of the parameters of this phenomenon.In Chapter Three, I report the results of three studies that provide support for the hypothesized cause of this effect, the association between the future and possibility.In Chapter Four, I describe two studies examining some extensions of this effect beyond the realm of likelihood judgments.Finally, in Chapter Five I discuss some implications and boundary conditions of this effect, and outline future directions for this work.

Topic: Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Subfield: General Decision Sciences
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design with nature on the moon

On Earth, designing with nature implies an ecological understanding of a site and how best to preserve its integrity while building efficiently. On the moon, fewer but larger constraints apply. To design in accordance with what already exists on the moon is the premise from which all subsequent decisions flow. Minimizing the use of imported materials is the first logical decision in the design process, maximizing the use of lunar materials, its corollary. Certain land forms will facilitate construction. The most promising one is a lunar crater. To establish, in a small lunar crater, a permanent domed oasis which optimizes human factors, a satellite first performs global mapping prior to site selection. It will transfer to lunar stationary orbit transmitting power to the base via laser beam to drive equipment and illuminate the long lunar night. Telerobotic operations minimize risk during heavy construction prior to occupancy. Habitats within the crater wall provide an elevated outlook towards the interior ground plane. Plant growth trials in the agricultural zone on the crater floor are conducted prior to the introduction of other life forms. (Author)

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma S.L.Prior1, A.P.Griffiths2, J.M.Baxter1, P.W.Baxter3,

It has previously been demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations within the ND2 gene of histo-logically normal parotid salivary gland tissue of smokers may be molecular biomarkers for smoking-induced mtDNA damage. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is strongly related to cigarette smoking; therefore, we used PCR and direct sequencing to establish whether mtDNA mutations were also present in oral SCC which could be used as additional biomarkers for smoking-associated DNA damage. In addition to searching for mutations in the ND2 gene, the mitochondrial D-Loop was also analysed. Three mutation hotspots were observed in the D-Loop at nt 146, 152 and 186, two of which (nt 146 and 152) have also been implicated in oesophageal SCC, another smoking-related cancer. The mutation hotspot observed at nt 186 has not previously been reported in other tumours. Furthermore, we show that the mutations previously reported within the ND2 gene in normal parotid tissue of smokers were not evident in these samples, but that a mutation hotspot occurs at nucleotide 4917 in oral SCC. We also show that D-Loop mutations occur predominantly in male smokers and female non-smokers and that this association with gender is statistically significant (P 0.003). We conclude that the mtDNAmutation hotspots found in this study, in particular nt 186, are potential biomarkers for oral SCC. However, owing to gender-specific differences in occurrence in smo-kers and non-smokers, and a lack of environmental smok-ing history, in general, it is difficult to associate these mutations with mtDNA damage induced by smoking. If the mutations observed in the subset of male patients are smoking induced, given our previous findings, mutation hotspots in the ND2 gene may be tissue specific suggesting the causative mutagens for mtDNA damage within these tissues are likely to be different.

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Measurement and modeling of carrier transport and exciton formation in blue polymer light emitting diodes

An exptl. and modeling study has been carried out of the current-voltage-luminance (J-V-L) characteristics of blue polyfluorene-based org. light emitting devices, with a PEDOT:PSS anode and a Ba/Al cathode. The polymer contains copolymd. hole transporting units that facilitate hole injection. The luminous efficacy for perpendicular emission as a function of the voltage shows a pronounced peak; for an 80 nm thick device, it is equal to 3.3 cd/A at 8 V. At the peak voltage, the external quantum efficiency is 2.2 %. We are working on a comprehensive device model that should provide a framework within which these results can be understood, and present in this paper our intermediate results. Hole and electron transport were studied using devices with a Au and Al cathode and anode, resp. For hole-only devices a fair description of the temp. and layer thickness dependent J-V curves could be obtained by using a 'conventional' model for the mobility, involving a Poole-Frenkel factor for the field-dependence. For electron-only devices, the anal. is complicated by the presence of an approx. 0.5 eV injection barrier. We have found a parametrization scheme that provides a good description of the exptl. J-V curves. A double carrier model that is based on the results of these studies of single-carrier devices provides a good description of the J-V curves of double carrier devices. We have developed a numerical model for the light out-coupling from the optical cavity. For the model parameters assumed, the calcd. peak position and shape of the luminous efficacy as a function of V are in good agreement with the exptl. results at room temp. An anal. is given of the factors that det. the peak height. We argue that a solid phys. basis for the model used to describe the electron injection and mobility is still lacking, so that continued electron transport studies will be required. [on SciFinder (R)]

Topic: Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences