jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 and ceramide reduce the invasion of tumor cells through extracellular matrix components by elevating protein phosphatase-2A.

Increasing phosphorylation reactions by protein kinase A (PKA) or reducing dephosphorylation reactions of protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) increases the invasiveness of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, as measured by their capacity to traverse extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated filters. Metastatic LLC-LN7 variants have reduced PP-2A activity when compared to nonmetastatic LLC-C8 variants. Immunoblotting showed that this reduced level of PP-2A activity was not due to reduced levels of the PP-2A catalytic (C) subunit. The cellular PP-2A activity could be stimulated by addition of C2-ceramide to LLC-LN7 lysates, or by incubating cells with either C2-ceramide or with a noncalcemic analog of vitamin D3, which has previously been shown to stimulate the release of ceramide. These treatments to elevate PP-2A activity in metastatic LLC-LN7 cells resulted in a decline in their capacity to invade through select (ECM) components, particularly through vitronectin and laminin. Underscoring the importance of PP-2A in limiting the invasiveness of tumor cells was the demonstration that LLC-LN7 cell transfectants overexpressing the PP-2A C alpha subunit were less invasive through ECM components than the wild-type cells. Invasion by these cells was further reduced by additionally increasing PP-2A activity by incubation with C2-ceramide or the vitamin D3 analog. These results suggest a role of a vitamin D3/ceramide/PP-2A pathway in limiting the invasiveness of tumor cells through select ECM components.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pear, Seasonal Pear Psylla Control Experiment, 1987

Abstract Experimental sprays were applied to replicated 4- to 5-tree plots consisting of Bartlett (9 yr old). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Trees were planted to a spacing of 7.4 × 7.4 m. Treatments were applied with a handgun from a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer at 375 psi. Dates of application were bud burst (BB), 3 Apr; white-bud (WB), 21 Apr; petal fall (PF), 6 May; first cover (IC), 26 May; third cover (3C), 19 Jun; fourth cover (4C), 8 Jul; sixth cover (6C), 30 Jul. Approximately 1.75 gal of spray was applied/tree. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla control by counts of eggs and nymphs at 1- to 2-wk intervals. Counts were made by sampling 10 mid-terminal or spur leaves from the middle tree in each replicate. Beginning on 1 Jun counts were made by sampling 5 mid-terminal and 5 distal leaves from each tree. Pear psylla pressure was moderate through the experiment.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
NFATc4 knockout promotes neuroprotection and retinal ganglion cell regeneration after optic nerve injury

<title>Abstract</title> Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons transmitting visual information via the optic nerve, fail to regenerate their axons after injury. The progressive loss of RGC function underlies the pathophysiology of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, often leading to irreversible blindness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the regulators of RGC survival and the regenerative program. In this study, we investigated the role of the family of transcription factors known as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which are expressed in the retina; however, their role in RGC survival after injury is unknown. Using the optic nerve crush (ONC) model, widely employed to study optic neuropathies and central nervous system axon injury, we found that NFATc4 is specifically but transiently up-regulated in response to mechanical injury. In the injured retina, NFATc4 immunolocalized primarily to the ganglionic cell layer. Utilizing NFATc4<sup>−/−</sup> and NFATc3<sup>−/−</sup> mice, we demonstrated that NFATc4, but not NFATc3, knockout increased RGC survival, improved retina function, and delayed axonal degeneration. Microarray screening data, along with decreased immunostaining of cleaved caspase-3, revealed that NFATc4 knockout was protective against ONC-induced degeneration by suppressing pro-apoptotic signaling. Finally, we used lentiviral-mediated NFATc4 delivery to the retina of NFATc4<sup>−/−</sup> mice and reversed the pro-survival effect of NFATc4 knockout, conclusively linking the enhanced survival of injured RGCs to NFATc4-dependent mechanisms. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that NFATc4 knockout may confer transient RGC neuroprotection and decelerate axonal degeneration after injury, providing a potent therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathies.

Topic: Signaling Pathways in Disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD SXmp #46545.1

Soft X-ray detector array system measures the radial soft X-ray emission profile from LHD for equilibrium and stability analysis by using multi-channel scintillator. Soft X-ray is converted to visible light and detected by PMT. Frequency up to 200kHz can be covered.

Topic: Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using Value-Based Performance Measures to Improve Hotel Profitability

Abstract Relative to enterprises from other business sectors, hotels have relatively high proportions of physical assets and fixed costs. Further, because their products are perishable and cannot be stored in inventory, hotels cannot use over- or under-production relative to sales to manage their capacity. As such, profitability especially hinges on the effective allocation and use of resources. How a hotel measures and rewards its managers' performance can significantly affect the latter's attention to these issues. This article shows how commonly used, traditional financial performance measures may fail to motivate or guide effective resource allocation and use. It also shows how value-based performance measures, which charge managers for the opportunity cost of capital that they use, may be more effective for inducing such results. Findings from a survey of hotel managers support the existence of such potential benefits. They also provide the basis for suggesting important considerations for successful implementation.

Topic: Financial Reporting and Valuation Research
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The effects of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, two light regimes of in vitro rooting and acclimatization of in vitro teak (Tectona grandis L.f) plantlets

&nbsp; Effects of different indole-3-butyric (IBA) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l), two light regimes of&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;rooting and acclimatization on&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;teak (Tectona grandis&nbsp;L.f) were investigated. Shoots incubated in the light produced higher mean number of roots (2.0) and mean root length of 15.0 and 4.5 mm when supplemented with low IBA concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l, respectively. Conversely, when shoots were incubated in the dark, higher mean number of roots (8.0 and 3.0) and mean root lengths (14.0 and 8.8 mm) were produced when supplemented with higher IBA concentrations of 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l, respectively. IBA was found necessary for root induction and growth in light and dark where 2.0 mg/l was optimum as it recorded high mean number of root (6.0 and 8.0) with mean root lengths of 11.8 and 14.0 mm, respectively. High survival percentage of 80% was recorded for those plantlets raised in &ldquo;jiffy-7&rdquo; but survival reduced to 40% when grown in the autoclaved soil after one week.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Teak (Tectona grandis) plantlets, indole-3-butyric acid, light regime,&nbsp;in vitro&nbsp;rooting, acclimatization.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Discrete Painlevé equations from singularity patterns: The asymmetric trihomographic case

We derive the discrete Painlevé equations associated with the affine Weyl group E8(1) that can be represented by an (in the Quispel-Roberts-Thompson sense) “asymmetric” trihomographic system. The method used in this paper is based on singularity confinement. We start by obtaining all possible singularity patterns for a general asymmetric trihomographic system and discard those patterns that cannot lead to confined singularities. Working with the remaining ones, we implement the confinement conditions and derive the corresponding discrete Painlevé equations, which involve two variables. By eliminating either of these variables we obtain a “symmetric” equation. Examining all these equations of a single variable, we find that they coincide exactly with those derived in previous works of ours, thereby establishing the completeness of our results.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustainable Agricultural Development

Sustainable agricultural practices improve food security, increase farmers' profitability, and preserve the environment. By implementing sustainable farming methods such as crop rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage, farmers can improve soil health, reduce water usage, and minimize agrochemical inputs. Moreover, sustainable agriculture promotes biodiversity and protects natural resources such as water and soil. Responsible farming practices preserve the environment and ensure that future generations access fertile land and clean water sources. Additionally, sustainable agriculture can help farmers achieve higher crop yields and better-quality produce, adapt to changing climate conditions, and mitigate the impact of climate change on food production. Sustainable agricultural practices are essential for ensuring food security, increasing farmers' profitability, and preserving the environment for future generations. We must continue to support and promote sustainable farming methods to create a more resilient and sustainable food system.

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of NO-Hybridization on the Immunomodulatory Properties of the HIV Protease Inhibitors Lopinavir and Ritonavir

HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are antiretroviral agents, which have been found to also affect several cellular processes, such as inflammation and cell progression. In studies on non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs, the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety has been shown to both reduce their toxicity and enhance their pharmacological efficacy. Along this line of research, several derivatives of PIs have been synthesized by covalent attachment of NO moiety to the parental molecules. Previous work has indicated that NO-hybridization of the prototypical PI, Saquinavir leads to a derivative named Saquinavir-NO that while retaining the antiretroviral effect, acquires antitumoural and immunomodulatory properties along with reduced toxicity in vitro and in vivo. These data prompted us to evaluate the effects of NO-hybridization on two other PIs, Lopinavir and Ritonavir. The two NO-derivatives were compared head to head with their parental compounds on human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as on human primary macrophages. Lopinavir-NO and Lopinavir were also screened in an in vivo model of autoimmune hepatitis. Our results prove that Lopinavir-NO exerts markedly superior effects as compared to the parental compound both in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, Ritonavir-NO effects overlapped those of Ritonavir. These data demonstrate that NO-hybridization of Lopinavir generates a derivative with significantly stronger immunomodulatory effects that are apparently related to an action of the compound on T-cell secretory capacity. Lopinavir-NO deserves additional studies for its possible use in T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases including, but not limited to autoimmune hepatitis.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Derivation of Sendai-Virus-Reprogrammed Human iPSCs-Neuronal Precursors: <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Post-grafting Safety Characterization

The critical requirements in developing clinical-grade human-induced pluripotent stem cells–derived neural precursors (hiPSCs-NPCs) are defined by expandability, genetic stability, predictable in vivo post-grafting differentiation, and acceptable safety profile. Here, we report on the use of manual-selection protocol for generating expandable and stable human NPCs from induced pluripotent stem cells. The hiPSCs were generated by the reprogramming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Sendai-virus (SeV) vector encoding Yamanaka factors. After induction of neural rosettes, morphologically defined NPC colonies were manually harvested, re-plated, and expanded for up to 20 passages. Established NPCs showed normal karyotype, expression of typical NPCs markers at the proliferative stage, and ability to generate functional, calcium oscillating GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons after in vitro differentiation. Grafted NPCs into the striatum or spinal cord of immunodeficient rats showed progressive maturation and expression of early and late human-specific neuronal and glial markers at 2 or 6 months post-grafting. No tumor formation was seen in NPCs-grafted brain or spinal cord samples. These data demonstrate the effective use of in vitro manual-selection protocol to generate safe and expandable NPCs from hiPSCs cells. This protocol has the potential to be used to generate GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)-grade NPCs from hiPSCs for future clinical use.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Ethnobotanical Usage of Some East Anatolian (Turkey) Allium L. Species

The materials of this study comprise the plants collected from 1999-2014, from the cities: Agri, Bitlis, Hakkâri, Mus, Tunceli and Van in B10, B9, B8, B7, C10, C9 squares according to grid square system in Flora of Turkey. Most commonly used Allium species in the region are: Allium akaka S. G. Gmel. Ex Schult. & Schult. f., Allium atroviolaceum Boiss., Allium aucheri Boiss., Allium calocephalum Wendelbo, Allium kharputense Freyn & Sint., Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel, Allium pseudoampeloprasum Miscz. ex Grossh., Allium rhetoreanum Nab., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium shatakiense Rech. f., Allium shirnakiense L.Behcet & Rustemoglu, Allium szovitsii Regel, Allium tuncelianum (Kolman) Ozhatay, B. Mathew & Siraneci, Allium vineale L.. Local women collect these species from natural habitats for their own needs and to sell at certain public markets to make contribution to the family budget. Green leaves from fresh plants and the bulbs after the completion of the maturity stage are collected and consumed. Beside daily edible use, fresh leaves of Allium species are the main participant of the famous “herby cheese”. Dried leaves are cooked in various meals in winter time. A. tuncelianum is planted in Tunceli and marketed. A. rhetoreanum is planted in gardens in Hakkâri, its fresh leaves are daily consumed as vegetable. In this study 14 species of the genus Allium was given with images in their natural habitats, also images of the collection, drying and marketing processes were given.

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Islamic Secular. By Sherman A. Jackson

Secularism is often defined as the separation between religion and the state and/or politics, whereby state governance, the economy, and other elements closely related to the public sphere are detached from religious authority. Sherman A. Jackson seeks to challenge this, presenting a complex and compelling refutation of this assumption by deconstructing how secularism, religion, and their connection to Islam contribute to his notion of the “Islamic secular.” He writes that The Islamic Secular seeks to break out of this corner, throw off this zero-sum religious/secular opposition, and place the non-sharʿī “secular back into the circumference of Islam as a religion, where it properly belongs” (p. 173). One of the ways he does this is by delving into the linguistic roots of key, intertwined concepts, highlighting how juristic interpretations offer alternative understandings to those provided in other fields. He critically examines terms used to refer to “secular,” highlighting how they serve as translations for the Western secular and thus do not speak to the “essence” of the Islamic secular (p. 19).

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint expression - Is there a prognostic impact on adrenocortical carcinoma?

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adaptable Redesign of Existing Equipment Responding to Unanticipated Environment Changes

Complex equipment usually needs to be designed according to a working environment, for example Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). But the environment can change in an unanticipated way, which usually leads to inferior performance for equipment and ultimately results in a great loss. Thus how to rapidly respond to unanticipated environment changes (UEC) is an important issue to be resolved for existing products. This paper discusses the adaptable redesign of existing equipment, which performs adaptation or adding new components in existing equipment, avoids redesigning or remanufacturing new equipment so as to quickly meet expected performance requirements. For a complex equipment with many interrelated parameters, there might exist couplings and even contradictions in the redesign. And it is difficult for engineers to determine how changes in certain parameters affect the system performance. The key issues of the redesign are discussed including function-structure analysis, structure change propagation prediction and contradiction resolving. The design issue is analyzed in an existing TBM responding to unanticipated ground changes.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigation of Some Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes in Terms of Grain Yield and Quality

This research was conducted to compare different agronomic characteristics of some oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. The research was carried out in the trial fields of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, located in Edirne, in 2018-2020. In the experiment, 15 oat genotypes along with 5 standard varieties namely; Kırklar, Kahraman, Küçükyayla, Yeniçeri and Sebat were used. The research plan was designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design using three replications. In the study, thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW), relative feed value (RFV), metabolic energy (ME), crude fibre (CF), crude ash (CA) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) characteristics were examined. As a result of this study, all the characteristic values of oat showed significant differences in terms of years except for; DMD. Additionally, all the examined traits showed significant differences in terms of genotypes. The average mean values of TGW, HW, RFV, ME, CF, CA and DMD of examined genotypes showed variation between 24.1-43.2 g, 50.1-62.6 kg/hl, 205.0-328.3, 2.56-2.76 Mcal/kg, 7.88-13.82%, 4.35-5.83% and 73.1-78.3%, respectively. Generally, genotypes 3 and 5 took the first place in terms of grain yield, whereas the genotypes 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11 in terms of grain nutritional values. Consequently, it is concluded that the genotypes 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11 have higher values in terms of the examined traits as compared to the rest genotypes. So, these genotypes would be more suitable for oat cultivation under similar ecological conditions with the expectation of satisfactory economic benefits.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Afro-American Scholars in the University

Afro-American scholars recruited by historically white universities during the past two decades faced a number of complex issues about their role and function within the institutions. In addition to expectations concerning research and teaching, various institutional interests sought to appropriate the energies of new arrivals. The conflicting role expectations often influenced the work and position of Afro-American intellectuals in academe.

Topic: Higher Education Research Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bone density and mechanical properties in femoral bone of swim loaded aged mice.

Effects of swimming on bone density and mechanical properties of femur were investigated in aged male and female mice. R/1 strain of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM) at eleven months old was used. Two groups of males and two groups of females each consisting of 7 mice were used. One male and one female groups were loaded with a swim regiment of 40 min a day, 5 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks. The remaining groups were used as the controls. All mice were fed with the standard diet and water ad libitum during the experiments. The results of this study indicated that (i) the body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the swimming groups than in the control groups in both sexes. (ii) The bone density was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the swimming groups than in the control groups in both sexes. However, there was no significant difference in cortical thickness index. (iii) In the mechanical properties of bone, there were no significant differences in the level of the maximum breaking force, the ultimate stress and the deformation between the swimming and the control groups in both sexes. However, the elasticity of the bone of the female mice in the swimming group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. These results suggest that regimented swimming for the aged mice might suppress age-associated bone loss, and the effect of exercise in the females is greater that in the males.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding SME intention to use the internet for managing supplier information

There is strong consensus that the Internet has the potential to positively impact firms, and SMEs in particular; however, not all firms have realized benefits from adoption. The present study extends research in the area by addressing the need to examine the “chain” of variables explaining Internet adoption. We do this by exploring SME owner/manager Internet-related usefulness and ease-of-use cognitions and intention to use the Internet for supplier information management. We also explore the influence of behavioral norms and two broader strategic perspectives, market and learning orientation, on the Internet-related cognitions. Findings have implications for researchers and practitioners by identifying factors that contribute to effectively leveraging the Internet in an important area for SMEs.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences