jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the Oscillating Signals of the Smart NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; Sensors Used in Urea Selective Catalyst Reduction Systems via Spectral Analysis

The oscillating signals of NOx sensor observed in urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) tests are explained via spectral analysis. The NOx sensor built by NGK / Continental requires decoding following the SAE J1939 protocol and thus higher harmonic induced by the discretization is observed in the spectral analysis. The reciprocating motion of the urea pump induces fluctuation of the ammonia dosage, which combined with the nonlinear characteristic from ammonia dosage to NOx downstream SCR result in oscillating NOx sensor readings with different amplitude. The cross-sensitivity of the NOx sensor to ammonia concentration for higher-than-stoichiometric ammonia dosage also results in oscillating NOx sensor signal at lower frequencies.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elucidation of the DNA sequence preferences of daunomycin.

The sequence specificity of daunomycin was assessed using competition equilibrium dialysis, DNAse I footprinting and an E. coli RNA polymerase transcription inhibition assay; similar studies were performed on adriamycin and a new bis-intercalating daunomycin dimer. The results clearly demonstrate that the highest affinity sites are CA for daunomycin and adriamycin, and CACA for the bis-daunomycin. Other modest affinity (GC, CG, CT, TC, CC, AC) and poor affinity binding sites (AA, AT, TA) were also observed. Our results are in agreement with (a) the observed 5'-pyrimidine-purine-3' sequence preference of intercalating drugs, (b) the reported role played by OH(9) of daunomycin in the stabilization of the drug/DNA intercalation complex, and (c) the thermodynamics of nearest neighbour base-pair unstacking at the intercalation site. The CA specificity of daunomycin and adriamycin suggests that their biological activity may arise from association with the CA containing sequences which are thought to be associated with genetic regulatory elements in eukaryotes. The implications for future anthracycline drug design are presented in this context.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Privacy Considerations for DHCPv6

DHCPv6 is a protocol that is used to provide addressing and configuration information to IPv6 hosts.This document describes the privacy issues associated with the use of DHCPv6 by Internet users.It is intended to be an analysis of the present situation and does not propose any solutions.

Topic: IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regularity near the fixed boundary for transmission systems

Given $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ with $n\geq 2$, $D\subset Ω$ open, and $u:Ω\to \mathbb{R}^m$, we study elliptic systems of the type $$ {\rm div} \big( ( A + (B- A)χ_D)\nabla u\big) = 0 \quad \text{in $Ω\cap B_1$,} $$ for some uniformly elliptic tensors $A$ and $B$ with Hölder continuous entries. We show that, given appropriate boundary data, the Lipschitz regularity of $u$ inside $B_1 \cap D$ is transmitted to $B_{1/2}\cap Ω$ up to the boundary of $Ω$. This corresponds to the boundary counterpart of the interior regularity results in Figalli-Kim-Shahgholian, Nonlinear Anal. 2022.

Topic: Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract A60: Targeting brain tumor stem cells

Abstract The brain tumor stem-cell (BTSC) hypothesis proposes with acquired self-renewal properties establish a brain tumorigenic-behavior (1). Thus, failure to cure brain cancer has been attributed to the fact that typical cytotoxic therapies target rapidly proliferating brain tumor cells, while sparing the BTSC compartment, which has a low proliferation rate and high tumorigenic potential. Taking advantage of the recent development of nanotechnologies that may offer innovative drug-delivery systems for improved efficacy, specificity and biological safety (2), the aim of our work is to develop nanoparticle-based treatments targeting BTSCs. The first part of our work represents a comprehensive study of the aggressiveness of the BTSC was shown to be associated with the expression of the neural precursor cell marker AC133. Hence, the percentage of AC133 expressing glioma cells is increased after maintenance or exposure to moderately low oxygen levels (3). Our data indicate that cells maintained at 3% oxygen express more AC133 and are more aggressive after in vivo xenograft than cells cultured at 21% oxygen. Thus, oxygen pressure represents a major parameter in the expression of the AC133 molecule but is also important in aggressiveness of glioma cells. The mechanism that links hypoxia, AC133 expression and the tumorigenic behavior of BTSC has been studied. Our results, including CoCl2 induction and shRNA knockdown, suggest a role for HIF-1α in the regulation of AC133 in glioblastoma cells. The second part of our work, immunonanoparticules (ILNC) that target AC133 were synthesized by conjugation of thiolated AC133 or IgG1 isotype control immunoglobulins to lipid nanocapsules (LNC) (4) by linkage through incorporation of lipid PEG(2000) functionalized with reactive-sulfhydryl maleimide groups (DSPE-PEG(2000)-maleimide) on the surface of LNC by using a post-insertion procedure (5). Our results indicate a fixation yield of antibodies on LNC varying from 6 to 60% representing 70 antibodies per LNC. To evaluate the selectivity of immunonanoparticles binding and resulting uptake by cells a second in vitro model has been developed. Human Caco-2 cells, previously described to express AC133, were used and exposed to siRNA targeting the CD133 gene to dispose of two types of Caco-2 cells: Caco-2-AC133high and Caco-2-AC133low. We are now testing ILNC uptake in our Caco-2 cell model. We will test if ILNC are able to bind to AC133 epitope on Caco-2 cells and if they are able to be internalized in cells. Accumulated results must allow us to extend our knowledge on glioma aggressiveness and to adapt our vectors to resolve the BTSC targeting problem and their death. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A60.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from the Eastern Black Sea region and their biocontrol potential against Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae

A survey was conducted for entomopathogenic nematodes in various agricultural fields in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. A total of 77 soil samples were collected from 15 distinct geographic areas during 2010-2011. Seven entomopathogenic nematode isolates (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, ZET31, ZET35, and ZET76) were detected from the soil samples (9.1% positive) using the Galleria baiting technique. Morphological and molecular characterizations of the isolates were performed for species identification. Five isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, and ZET35) and 2 isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae (ZET31 and ZET76). The efficacy of all isolates was tested on Melolontha melolontha larvae in plastic boxes and pot experiments. Different concentrations of nematodes at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL and 2 different temperature regimes (15 and 25 °C) were used. One hundred percent mortality was obtained from the ZET09 and ZET35 isolates at a concentration of 2000 IJs/mL at 25 °C. The same isolates also provided 100% protection with 100 IJs/cm^2 in strawberry planted pot experiments.

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Weak Mortality Returns of the Prison Boom: Comparing Infant Mortality and Homicide in the Incarceration Ledger

The justifications for the dramatic expansion of the prison population in recent decades have focused on public safety. Prior research on the efficacy of incarceration offers support for such claims, suggesting that increased incarceration saves lives by reducing the prevalence of homicide. We challenge this view by arguing that the effects of mass incarceration include collateral infant mortality consequences that call into question the number of lives saved through increased imprisonment. Using an instrumental variable estimation on state-level data from 1978 to 2010, this article simultaneously considers the effects of imprisonment on homicide and infant mortality to examine two of the countervailing mortality consequences of mass incarceration. Results suggest that while incarceration saves lives by lowering homicide rates, these gains are largely offset by the increases in infant mortality. Adjusted figures that count the number of increased infant deaths attributable to incarceration suggest that the mortality benefits of imprisonment over the past three decades are 82% lower than previously thought.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of headache in dental students of a tertiary care teaching dental hospital in Northern India

Background: Chronic headache is as much as a problem in India as elsewhere in the world with a rising trend in young adults which negatively affects the quality of life of the affected person. In current scenario of increasing prevalence of headache in students, most of them have been found to practice self medication leading to inappropriate management and sometimes analgesic overuse causing treatment refractoriness.Methods: A questionnaire based survey was done on undergraduate dental students at a tertiary care dental teaching hospital in Northern India. Severity of headache was assessed by Numeric Rating Scale. Data collected was analyzed to assess the prevalence, pattern & triggering factors of headache along with awareness of dental students regarding treatment. Prevalence and characteristics of migraine were also assessed along with the therapeutic strategies opted by students.Results: Our study (n=186) demonstrated headache prevalence of 63.9% which was higher in females (74.3%) as compared to males (32.6%). Headache experienced by majority of student population was bilateral (36.13%), sharp stabbing (38.65%) and of moderate intensity (57.98%). Common associated symptoms were nausea/ vomiting (24.36%) and scalp tenderness (22.68%). Stress (82.3%) &irregular sleep (81.5%) were the most common triggering factors. Prevalence of migraine was 13.44% with female preponderance (87.5%). Practice of self medication was reported by 88.2% of students. Most commonly used drugs were paracetamol (36.76%), aspirin (26.47%) and combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol (25%). Specific medication use in migraineurs was found to be low (25%) showing inadequate management of migraine headache in our study population.Conclusions: The results in this study demonstrate high headache prevalence in dental students with self medication being practiced by the majority.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structure of a feruloylated arabinoxylan tetrasaccharide that contains the β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Xyl<i>p</i>‐(1 → 2)‐α‐<scp>L</scp>‐Ara<i>f</i> element by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrocopy

Abstract The determination of the structure of {[5‐ O ‐( E )‐feruloyl] [ O ‐β‐ D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐ O ‐α‐L arabinofuranosyl‐(1 → 3)}‐ O ‐β‐ D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐ D ‐xylopyranose, a compound isolated from the cell walls of Gramineae, is presented. Use is made of 1D HOHAHA and 2D 1 H, 13 C 1 H‐detected HMQC to assign the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the individual residues. The 2D 1 H, 13 C 1 H‐detected HMBC and 1 H, 1 H ROESY, in comparison with 1 H, 1 H COSY, experiments are used to establish the inter‐residue linkages. This is the first report of a feruloylated arabinoxylan that contains the β‐ D ‐Xyl p ‐(1 rarr; 2)‐α‐ L ‐Ara f element.

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Treatment of acute myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus with plasma exchange and immunosuppression.

Letters recently been detected in the serum of patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome," systemic lupus erythematosis,'2 rheumatoid arthritis'2 and asbestosis'3 and it has been suggested that persistent lymphocyte stimulation due to an immune disorder may lead to high levels of interferon in the serum.Our study, using a reliable immunological assay, suggests that elevated CSF interferon-a concentra- tions are not present in multiple sclerosis.However, further studies using IRMAs for interferon-y will allow further insight into the possible role of interferons in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management of Waste Generated by Construction and Demolish in Construction Industry Projects Using the Dynamics of Systems Approach

Economic tools are definitely an effective way to encourage or enforce contractors to enforce environmentally-friendly practices. Previous studies on this subject mainly focus on the management of waste of construction and demolish (C & D) from the static point of view, which does not take into account the nature of its dynamic by taking all necessary activities in the waste chain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the dynamics and relationships between the components of C&D waste management and to analyze the costs and benefits and cost of transportation and fuel consumption using the system dynamics approach. The findings show that the implementation of C&D waste management has many benefits, but the higher cost of landfill at authorized sites will result in more net profits, which will be accompanied by disadvantages such as environmental damage. In addition, the public is suffering from landfill in unauthorized locations and imposing environmental costs due to illegal evacuation. Simulation results also show that increased landfill in unauthorized locations increases fuel and energy consumption and therefore increases fuel consumption costs. This study by investigating and evaluating the researches and measures taken on the waste and waste spillway aims to clarify the use of a systematic approach using the dynamics of systems in a direction in which it is possible to use contract cost-benefit analysis to encourage contractors to disposal of Construction waste in a way that is conducive to the development of the building industry and the preservation of the environment and the resulting savings.

Topic: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Late 20th Century increase in South Pole snow accumulation

A compilation of the 37‐year history of net accumulation at the South Pole [ Mosley‐Thompson et al ., 1995] suggests an increase in net annual accumulation since 1965. This record is sporadic and its quality is compromised by spatially restricted observations and nonsystematic measurement procedures. Results from a new, spatially extensive network of 236 accumulation poles document that the current 5‐year (1992–1997) average annual net accumulation at the South Pole is 84.5 ± 8.9 mm water equivalent (w.e.). This accumulation rate reflects a 30% increase since the 1960s when the best, although not optimal, records indicate that it was 65 mm w.e. Identification of two prominent beta radioactivity horizons (1954/1955 and 1964/1965) in six firn cores confirms an increase in accumulation since 1965. Viewed from a longer perspective of accumulation provided by ice cores and a snow mine study, the net accumulation of the 30‐year period, 1965–1994, is the highest 30‐year average of this millennium. Limited data suggest this recent accumulation increase extends beyond the South Pole region and may be characteristic of the high East Antarctic Plateau. Enhanced accumulation over the polar ice sheets has been identified as a potential early indicator of warmer sea surface temperatures and may offset a portion of the current rise in global sea level.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
An exploration of mental distress in transgender people in Ireland with reference to minority stress and dissonance theory

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Internationally mental distress is more prominent in the LGBTI community than the general population. The LGBTIreland study was set up to take stock of this in the Republic of Ireland. This paper reports on the analysis of the transgender group with reference to minority stress theory and cognitive dissonance theory. <b><i>Method:</i></b> An online survey was conducted addressing several aspects of mental health and distress that received responses from all groupings (n = 2,264) among which 12.3% (n = 279) identified as transgender. The survey consisted of several validated tools to measure depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-21), coping (CSES), self-esteem (RSES), alcohol and drugs misuse (AUDIT) and a variety of questions addressing demographics, experiential aspects, coping and self-related factors. Data analysis focused on predicting mental distress using DASS-general (composite of depression, anxiety and stress). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Transgender participants reported higher levels of mental distress, self-harm, suicidal ideation and attempts, and lower levels of self-esteem in comparison with the LGB groups, as well as the general population. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that 53% of variance in mental distress could be predicted from reduced self-esteem, the experience of harassment and not belonging in school. Furthermore, mental distress was highest among younger participants, those who were 'not out', those who had self-harmed and used avoidant coping. There was no significant difference in distress levels among those who had sought mental health support and those who had not. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> To understand mental distress in transgender people, the minority stress model is useful when taking into account both adverse external (environmental) and internal (cognitive/emotional) factors. The cognitive dissonance mechanism is essential in outlining the mechanism whereby gender incongruence is associated with psychological discomfort, low self-esteem and high mental distress.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Bernstein-Schoenberg Type Operator: Shape Preserving and Limiting Behaviour

Abstract Using a new B-spline basis due to Dahmen, Micchelli and Seidel, we construct a univariate spline approximation operator of Bernstein-Schoenberg type. We show that it shares all the shape preserving properties of the usual Bernstein-Schoenberg operator and we derive a Voronovskaya type asymptotic error estimate.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Methodology for Generating Verified Combinatorial Circuits ∗ Oleg Kiselyov

High-level programming languages offer significant expressivity but provide little or no guarantees about resource use. Resourcebounded languages — such as hardware-description languages — provide strong guarantees about the runtime behavior of computations but often lack mechanisms that allow programmers to write more structured, modular, and reusable programs. To overcome this basic tension in language design, recent work advocated the use of Resource-aware Programming (RAP) languages, which take into account the natural distinction between the development platform and the deployment platform for resource-constrained software. This paper investigates the use of RAP languages for the generation of combinatorial circuits. The key challenge that we encounter is that the RAP approach does not safely admit a mechanism to express a posteriori (post-generation) optimizations. The paper proposes and studies the use of abstract interpretation to overcome this problem. The approach is illustrated using an in-depth analysis of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The generated computations are comparable to those generated by FFTW.

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Solving signal decoupling problems through self-bounded controlled invariants

This paper deals with decoupling problems of unknown, measurable and previewed signals. First the well known solutions of unknown and measurable disturbance decoupling problems are recalled. Then new necessary and sufficient constructive conditions for the previewed signal decoupling problem are proposed. The discrete time case is considered. In this domain previewing a signal by p steps means that the k-th sample of the signal to be decoupled is known p steps in advance. The main result is to prove that the stability condition for all of the mentioned decoupling problems does not change, i.e. the resolving subspace to be stabilized is the same independently of the type of signal to be decoupled, being it completely unknown (disturbance), measured or previewed. The problem has been studied through self-bounded controlled invariants, thus minimizing the dimension of the resolving subspace which corresponds to the infimum of a lattice. Note that reduced dimension on resolving controlled invariant subspace yields to reduce the order of the controller units.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the perceptual asymmetry in frequency modulation discrimination

Several researchers have observed perceptual asymmetry in frequency modulation discrimination experiments. Porter etal. (1991) found that when listening to a formant transition followed by a frequency plateau, listeners detected the onset frequency much better for the falling transition than for the rising transition. Demany and McAnally (1994) discovered that the frequency difference limen measured at frequency maxima of a 5-Hz cosine frequency modulation is significantly smaller than at frequency minima. Heil etal. (1992) also observed asymmetry in the FM response in chick auditory cortex. They proposed that this effect was due to the asymmetrical lateral inhibition in the unit. Preliminary results in this lab indicated that this perceptual asymmetry also exists when listeners were asked to discriminate between a sinusoidal plus linear ramp frequency modulation (SLRFM) and a linear ramp frequency modulation (LRFM) (Zhang etal., 1994). In this presentation, perceptual asymmetry is systematically studied for both rising and falling LRFMs. The effect of starting phase of a SLRFM signal is also examined. The experimental results are discussed in terms of existing modulation models and physiological explanations. [Work supported by AFOSR.]

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences