jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Bridge Circuits for Measurement of Small Changes in Resistance

In the multiple-bridge circuit, first-order effects of random resistance variations occurring at the junctions of a Wheatstone bridge are eliminated by an extension of Kelvin's method, which involves adding an auxiliary resistor pair at each bridge corner at which the variations occur. The remaining second-order error, and the effects of thermals, are evaluated. The multiple-bridge technique makes possible precise resistance comparisons, and the accurate measurement of small changes in resistance of an element that is connected through switch contacts, or brushes and sliprings. Some numerical design data are given. Elaborations of the basic circuit, and typical applications, including measurements with resistance strain gauges, are described.

Topic: Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A critical review on fractographic studies of steel cord and bead wire used in tyre reinforcement

Fracture is one of the failure modes of a material or product which may occur during its manufacturing process or its usage. Fractography is the science and art of examination and analysis of the fractured surface. Texture and nature of the fractured surface provide valuable information on origin of a crack and crack propagation; thereby, it helps to understand the mechanism of fracture and facilitate to identify the likely causes of failure. This review covers an extensive study on various types of fractures of steel cord and bead wire which are primarily used in rubber composites viz tyre, conveyor belt etc. Different types of fractures studied include ductile, central burst, brittle, fatigue, torsion, corrosion, delamination and weld fractures. Fundamentals on specific characteristics of each type of fracture and their likely causes have been elaborately discussed Microscopic examination through scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides deeper insights of the fractured surface as well as microstructure of material. In addition to the fundamental aspects of fractures, examples of different types of fractured samples have been illustrated in this article. This focused review would be useful to the steel cord and bead wire manufactures as well as to tyre manufacturers for detailed failure investigation of material/product and thereby to take appropriate corrective measures.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RERATA VOLUME TROMBOSIT DI DIABETES MELITUS (Mean Platelet Volume in Diabetes Mellitus)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a state of chronically hyperglycemia, which is caused by impaired insulin secretion and function. Thealteration in coagulation system in DM patients served as the basic etiology of macro and micro vascular complication. Platelets are oneof the factors that have a role in the coagulation system and undergo pathological changes in DM patients. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)is an indicator of platelet function and activation. Larger platelets have more dense and more reactive pro coagulant granules. The aimof this study was to know whether there were differences in MPV between DM patients compared to medical check-up participants atthe Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung.. The research used analytical descriptive, retrospective data. The inclusion criteria of thisresearch was DM patients and medical check up participants whose serum fasting glucose and two (2) hours post prandial serum glucosewere within the normal range. The data were taken from medical records of DM patients and medical check up participants. The datawere further analyzed with SPSS ver. 15 program using unpaired T-test. In this study, no significant difference between DM patientsand medical check up participants (p&gt;0.05) was found. It can be concluded that Mean Platelet Volume if used as single, can not predictvascular complication in DM patients.

Topic: Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of interfaces on a natural composite bioelectret: bone

The aim of this study is the characterization of interfaces in calcified tissues. Thermally stimulated currents and gel permeation chromatography have been used for investigating extracts and residues from calf femoral diaphysis at various stages of demineralization. In the residues, evolution of molecular mobility shows that the organic-mineral linkage is ensured by several proteins. Collagen is not directly linked to apatite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Images of Disease Project: a computer-based aid to the teaching of pathology

The design and implementation of a large interactive database of images of diseased tissues is described. Images of macroscopic, microscopic, radiographic and clinical aspects of human disease have been acquired, converted and stored for use in the database. Image identifiers, together with relevant textual information, have been indexed in a relational database format, to facilitate effective and flexible retrieval of data. A graphical user interface has been constructed to simplify) data access. A formative evaluation of the project is presented, together with an outline of ways in which the database may be further developed as a means of improving undergraduate education in the discipline of pathology.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Syntheses, Structure, and Properties of a Novel CobaltMetal-Organic Framework

A novel cobalt metal-organic framework {[Co2(ltzdc)2(bpe)]·bpe·4H2O}n, MOF (1), has been synthesized by hydrolysis of letrozole (H2ltzdc) and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) coligand under hydrothermal conditions. Structure of MOF (1) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The central Co(II) adopts a distorted tetrahedral coordination configuration and is extended by ltzdc and bpe ligands to form a three-dimensional (3D) pillar-layered framework existing in a 3-fold interpenetrated mode. The powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that the MOF (1) upon heating transforms into MOF (2), that has a retentively porous structure, upon removal of the guest molecules by heating at 300°C in the air. The preliminary antibacterial activity tests indicate MOF (2) as an antibacterial compound against Bacillus subtilis.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cosmic ray intensity variations and the interplanetary magnetic field

Abstract It is shown that the general characteristics of the cosmic-ray intensity variations can be explained in terms of a large-scale interplanetary magnetic field of predominantly dipole character but containing small-scale irregularities which act as scattering centres. It is suggested that the cosmic-ray data can be taken as evidence for the existence of such a field. The strength of the field, which is generated by current systems in the solar corona, is dependent on the level of solar activity but must in general be in the region of 10-5 to 10-4 gauss at the earth's orbit.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functional repeated measures analysis of variance and its application

This paper is motivated by medical studies in which the same patients with multiple sclerosis are examined at several successive visits and described by fractional anisotropy tract profiles, which can be represented as functions. Since the observations for each patient are dependent random processes, they follow a repeated measures design for functional data. To compare the results for different visits, we thus consider functional repeated measures analysis of variance. For this purpose, a pointwise test statistic is constructed by adapting the classical test statistic for one-way repeated measures analysis of variance to the functional data framework. By integrating and taking the supremum of the pointwise test statistic, we create two global test statistics. Apart from verifying the general null hypothesis on the equality of mean functions corresponding to different objects, we also propose a simple method for post hoc analysis. We illustrate the finite sample properties of permutation and bootstrap testing procedures in an extensive simulation study. Finally, we analyze a motivating real data example in detail.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Fast Histochemical Staining Method to Identify Hyaline Droplets in the Rat Kidney

Hyaline droplet formation in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney commonly occurs under different pathological conditions in experimental animals. In rats, intracytoplasmic hyaline droplet formation is predominantly associated with accumulation of the male rat-specific α2u-globulin, whereas under other (pathological) conditions (eg, histiocytic sarcoma and chronic progressive nephropathy [CPN]) other proteins are involved. Staining methods to visualize hyaline droplets either need plastic embedded material or time-consuming (immuno)histochemical methods. A fast Chromotrope-Aniline-Blue-staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidneys taking only 30 minutes is described. Using this method, hyaline droplets consisting of different types of proteins are easily recognized by their bright-red color.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
R.1. Workshop: Strengthening the global dimension of education and training for public health

The Schools and Departments of Public Health in Europe accept global responsibility, guided by the two key principles of solidarity and subsidiarity. They act as part of the international community, focusing on education for practice and research, in order to contribute to the global public goods essential for health. However, it is well-known that the health sciences as well as the target groups of public health …

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea

Abstract Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea has been studied. The product yields and chemical composition of products obtained from the experiments under different conditions (temperature, reaction time, sample mass) were described. In all cases, Macaranga gigantean gave total product yields, ranging from 45-65%. The increase in temperature and reaction time resulted in the increase in product yields. The organic phase of the pyrolysis products contained phenol and its derivatives, furans, benzene and its derivatives, eugenol and the isomers, methyl esters, aromatic ketones, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids; these compounds were mainly derived from lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 4 from Heat-Induced Perturbations of DNA Damage Signaling Pathways are Modulated by Molecular Chaperones

Supplementary Figure 4 from Heat-Induced Perturbations of DNA Damage Signaling Pathways are Modulated by Molecular Chaperones

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Lilley Cornett Woods: A Stable Mixed Mesophytic Forest in Kentucky

Nine forest communities are recognized in a stable mixed mesophytic forest, the Lilley Cornett Woods, on the Cumberland Plateau in southeastern Kentucky. In the geographic region, the dissected landscape greatly modifies local climate, soil development and processes, and floristic and vegetational characteristics. The number and distribution of communities and species represent a botanical diversity reflecting this habitat variation. Based on trees with ≥ 12.5 cm diameter at breast height, overall community density averages 290 stems/hectare (116/acre), while basal area averages 26.6 m2/hectare (115.6 ft2/acre). Communities dominated by Fagus grandifolia are widespread and represent approximately 50% of the upland stable segment of the Woods. Oak communities, second in areal extent, occupy the more xeric sites and are dominated chiefly by Quercus alba or Q. prinus. Tsuga canadensis occurs in almost "pure" stands and is well represented throughout the Woods. A cove community dominated by Acer saccharum, Tilia heterophylla, and Liriodendron tulipifera has the greatest number of tree species. Vegetation is closely related to topographic features, which directly affect other environmental parameters. Slope characteristics are also important factors in formation of soils derived from the horizontal interbedded Pennsylvanian strata. The Woods is a Kentucky state forest and serves as a preserved remnant of vegetation near the center of development of the Eastern Deciduous Forest.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Unified Multi-task Adversarial Learning Framework for Pharmacovigilance Mining

The mining of adverse drug reaction (ADR) has a crucial role in the pharmacovigilance. The traditional ways of identifying ADR are reliable but time-consuming, non-scalable and offer a very limited amount of ADR relevant information. With the unprecedented growth of information sources in the forms of social media texts (Twitter, Blogs, Reviews etc.), biomedical literature, and Electronic Medical Records (EMR), it has become crucial to extract the most pertinent ADR related information from these free-form texts. In this paper, we propose a neural network inspired multi- task learning framework that can simultaneously extract ADRs from various sources. We adopt a novel adversarial learning-based approach to learn features across multiple ADR information sources. Unlike the other existing techniques, our approach is capable to extracting fine-grained information (such as 'Indications', 'Symptoms', 'Finding', 'Disease', 'Drug') which provide important cues in pharmacovigilance. We evaluate our proposed approach on three publicly available real- world benchmark pharmacovigilance datasets, a Twitter dataset from PSB 2016 Social Me- dia Shared Task, CADEC corpus and Medline ADR corpus. Experiments show that our unified framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on individual tasks associated with the different benchmark datasets. This establishes the fact that our proposed approach is generic, which enables it to achieve high performance on the diverse datasets.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Heddleston T. Who are medical marijuana patients? Population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics

Abstract — Marijuana is a currently illegal psychoactive drug that many physicians believe has sub-stantial therapeutic uses. The medical literature contains a growing number of studies on cannabinoids as well as case studies and anecdotal reports suggesting therapeutic potential. Fifteen states have passed medical marijuana laws, but little is known about the growing population of patients who use mari-juana medicinally. This article reports on a sample of 1,746 patients from a network of nine medical marijuana evaluation clinics in California. Patients completed a standardized medical history form; evaluating physicians completed standardized evaluation forms. From this data we describe patient characteristics, self-reported presenting symptoms, physician evaluations, other treatments tried, other drug use, and medical marijuana use practices. Pain, insomnia, and anxiety were the most common conditions for which evaluating physicians recommended medical marijuana. Shifts in the medical marijuana patient population over time, the need for further research, and the issue of diversion are discussed.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Deficit irrigation scheduling with mulching and yield prediction of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in a subtropical humid region

Drip irrigation and mulching are often used to alleviate the problem of poor water management in many crops; however, these technologies have not yet been tested for applying water at critical stages of guava orchard growth in subtropical humid Tarai regions of India to improve the yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted over 2020 and 2021 which included three irrigation strategies: severe deficit irrigation (DI 50 ), moderate deficit irrigation (DI 75 ), and full irrigation (FI 100 ), as well as four mulching methods: silver-black mulch (M SB ), black mulch (M B ), organic mulch (M OM ), and a control without mulch (M WM ). The results showed that both the relative leaf water content (RLWC) and the proline content exhibited an increasing trend with a decrease in the irrigation regime, resulting in a 123% increase in the proline content under DI 50 conditions compared with FI 100 , while greater plant growth was recorded in fully irrigated plants and using silver-black mulch. Leaf nutrient analysis showed that FI 100 and M OM produced significantly higher concentrations of all nutrients. However, moderate deficit irrigation (DI 75 ) along with silver-black mulch (M SB ) produced higher numbers of fruits per plant, higher average fruit weights, higher fruit yields, and maximum ascorbic acid contents. The irrigation water productivity (IWP) decreased with an increase in the irrigation regime; from severe water deficit to full irrigation, resulting in a 33.79% improvement in IWP under DI 50 conditions as compared with FI 100 . Regression analysis outperforms principal component regression analysis for fruit yield prediction, with adjusted R 2 = 89.80%, RMSE = 1.91, MAE = 1.52, and MAPE = 3.83. The most important traits affecting the fruit yield of guava, based on stepwise regression, were leaf proline, leaf Cu, fruit weight, and IWP.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Repetition of Persuasion

The effect of repeated exposures to a persuasive communication upon opinion formation was studied experimentally rather than by analysis of the mass media. Half the Ss were exposed to the communications once, and the other half were exposed to the same communications three times ( N = 120). Three exposures resulted in greater opinion formation than did one exposure ( .P &lt; .005).

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Should we consider the infusion of lipid emulsion in the resuscitation of poisoned patients?

Abstract The use of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) as antidote in local anaesthetic systemic toxicity has gained widespread support following convincing data from animal models, and successful case reports in humans. Proposed beneficial mechanisms of action for ILEs include intravascular sequestration of intoxicant and subsequent enhanced redistribution to biologically inert tissues, augmentation of fatty acid utilisation for ATP synthesis in the context of metabolic poisoning, and direct cardiotonic and ion channel effects. The evidence base for use of ILEs in acute drug intoxication is evolving. The present evidence supports use of ILEs only in local anaesthetic systemic toxicity and in lipophilic cardiotoxin intoxication when there is an immediate threat to life, and other therapies have proven ineffective.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Racial disparities in lower extremity orthopaedic injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments from 2010 to 2020

Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities remain a major problem in orthopedic surgery, driving inequitable resource distribution, disparate clinical outcomes, and increased healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to investigate potential racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence and injury patterns of orthopedic lower extremity trauma (LET) in the United States over the past 10 years, as well as differences in final disposition outcomes. Materials and Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for all orthopedic LET presenting to U.S. emergency departments from 2010 to 2020. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to compare incidence rates between racial/ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to compare disposition outcomes. Results Black/African Americans (Black/AAs) consistently experienced the highest incidence of LET over the 10-year period analyzed (709.108 per 100,000 person-years), followed by Whites (547.159 per 100,000 person-years). Furthermore, Black/AAs had the highest incidence of polytrauma (114.19 per 100,000 person-years), over 1.7x greater than Whites (IRR: 1.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72–1.75]). Black/AAs had over 2-fold higher odds of death after LET compared to Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.15 [95% CI: 1.78–2.59]). By 2019 to 2020, the incidence of deaths among Black/AAs reached more than triple that of Whites (IRR: 3.50 [95% CI: 2.74–4.46]). Black/AAs were also the most likely to be discharged against medical advice (AMA) (aOR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.92–1.96]), and the least likely to be admitted as inpatients (aOR: 0.683 [95% CI: 0.679–0.688]). Conclusions Despite Black/AAs experiencing a disproportionately higher incidence of LET and over 2-fold greater odds of death compared to Whites, they were also the most likely to be discharged AMA and least likely to be admitted as inpatients. Understanding the effects of conscious/unconscious biases and the importance of effective communication and patient education may help physicians ensure that injuries in this patient population are not prematurely discharged, potentially improving clinical outcomes, and reducing mortality. Level of Evidence III.

Topic: Diversity and Career in Medicine
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences