jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extruded Enzyme-Added Corn Improves the Growth Performance, Intestinal Function, and Microbiome of Weaning Piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extruded corn with added amylase under different moisture conditions on the growth performance, intestinal function, and microbiome of weaning piglets. Fourty-eight 24-day-old weaning piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, weaned at 22 ± 1 d) with an initial body weight of 6.76 ± 0.15 kg were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and two pigs per replicate: (1) NL (adding 7.5% water before corn extrusion, negative treatment with low moisture); (2) NH (adding 15.0% water before corn extrusion, negative treatment with high moisture); (3) PL (adding 7.5% water and 4 kg/t α-amylase before corn extrusion, positive treatment with low moisture); and (4) PH (adding 15% water and 4 kg/t α-amylase before corn extrusion, positive treatment with high moisture). Results showed that amylase supplementation (4 vs. 0 kg/t) increased the contents of small molecular oligosaccharides of extruded corn (p &lt; 0.05). Amylase supplementation significantly improved the average daily feed intake, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, crude fat, ash, phosphorus, and calcium, and also increased the activities of jejunal trypsin, α-amylase, lipase, sucrase, maltase, γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, improved the duodenal, jejunal and ileal morphology, and increased the relative mRNA expressions of the ZO-1, OCLN, SGLT1, and GLUT2 genes in the jejunum (p &lt; 0.05), whereas it decreased the contents of isobutyric acid in cecal digesta, as well as acetic acid and isobutyric acid in colonic digesta (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed extruded corn with added enzymes contained less intestinal pathogenic bacteria, such as Holdemanella and Desulfovibrio, compared with piglets fed just extruded corn. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that the supplementation of α-amylase during the conditioning and extruding process of corn increased the small molecular oligosaccharide content of corn starch. Moreover, piglets receiving extruded enzyme-added corn had better growth performance, which was associated with the improved intestinal digestive and absorptive function, as well as the intestinal microbiome.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
“I satt and saw”: Negotiating the Gaze in the Travel Writings of Anthony Munday and Thomas Dallam

In “eyewitness” accounts of the Mediterranean by Anthony Munday and Thomas Dallam, assertions of allegiance to Elizabethan England are destabilised by the physicality of “looking.” Early modern theories of vision and post-Reformation constructions of the viewed contributed to conceptualisations of objectified spectacle as a source of physical threat to the viewer. This article explores Munday’s and Dallam’s negotiations of the physicality of visual experiences as these authors participate in interactive modes of viewing demanded by the rituals and ceremonies of strangers. Witnessing a Jesuit at the English college in Rome whipping himself before devotional objects, Munday’s emphasis on his physical difference to the Jesuit reproduces the idolatrous interaction with the viewed that this author critiques. Describing his presentation of a mechanical organ to the Sultan Mehmed III at Constantinople in 1599, Dallam’s spectatorship is distorted as he becomes a functional part of the ceremonial display of this instrument.

Topic: Historical Influence and Diplomacy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrated Wound Recognition in Bandages for Intelligent Treatment

Abstract The mismatch between irregular wounds and fixed dressings is an important but long‐neglected problem in wound management, which may cause imprecise or incomplete care outcomes. Continuous advances in the internet, Internet of Things, and materials science put forward higher requirements in precise wound treatment. Herein, an integrated wound recognition strategy is demonstrated by extracting digital geometric information of specific irregular wounds. Such online wound image scanning and recognition integrated with offline intelligent material fabrication can greatly reduce incomplete wound closure or potential irritation toward normal tissue around the wound site. As a proof‐of‐concept, an active matrix of Ag‐modified gelatin on bandages demonstrates promising antibacterial properties for practical application. In vivo mouse experiment reveals that wound‐customized bands enable precisely fitting in the irregular wound bed, resulting in accelerating wound healing efficiency. Such wound recognitions in a bandage involve multidisciplinary technology including image identification, computer modeling nanomaterial fabrication and modification, presenting a broad potential of personalized wound healthcare for a wide variety of clinical applications.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Four Underlying Principles of Contract Law and the Foundational Contract-Law Standard

Chapter 3 develops four underlying principles of contract law and the foundational contract law standard. Under the most fundamental principle of contract law the aim of contract law should be to effectuate the objectives of parties to promissory transactions, provided that appropriate policy and moral conditions, such as freedom from duress and fraud, are satisfied, and subject to appropriate constraints, such as capacity and legality. The normative theory of contract law, taken together with the four underlying principles described in this chapter, comprise the foundational contract-law standard. Contract-law rules that are supported by the foundational standard are justified. Contract-law rules that are not so supported are unjustified.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Syntheses from 4-Phenyl-2-piperidone<sup>1</sup>

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses from 4-Phenyl-2-piperidone1C. F. Koelsch and Robert W. DeNetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 13, 3271–3272Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01109a505RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computing Pathways to Systems Biology: Key Contributions of Computational Methods in Pathway Identification

Understanding large molecular networks consisting of entities such as genes, proteins or RNAs that interact in complex ways to drive the cellular machinery has been an active focus of systems biology. Computational approaches have played a key role in systems biology by complementing theoretical and experimental approaches. Here we roadmap some key contributions of computational methods developed over the last decade in the reconstruction of biological pathways. We position these contributions in a 'systems biology perspective' to reemphasize their roles in unraveling cellular mechanisms and to understand 'systems biology diseases' including cancer.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Portfolio optimization by combining data envelopment analysis and decision-making Hurwicz method

Portfolio optimization is one of the most important and attractive financial and investment issues. The portfolio optimization determines the corporations and the amount of shares that a fundamental investor can purchases in a way that use its investment benefits and avoid its risks. In mathematical terms, Markowitz model, is the most fundamental and important model of portfolio optimization. Despite the importance of this model, it can be criticized due to the reliance on historical return, which does not necessarily reflect the actual situationThis study can be classified as a serious research that does not put the historical returns of the companies as the base of the optimize decisions. The study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multi-criteria decision-making (MADM) methods to solve the optimization problem. In the first step by inserting the appropriate financial ratios as input and output in data envelopment analysis and then by using optimal weights calculate the performance of each unit's cross. Then a cross efficiency matrix interpreted as a decision matrix can consider the companies as an option and evaluate with multiple criteria. On this basis and based on the interpretation of the crossover delivers performance Maximax, Maximin and Harvikz decision-making, are presented as appropriate method of problem solving. At the end the performance of each proposed portfolios are checked with two related indices. The results demonstrate the success of the proposed portfolio based on MaxMax and some of the proposed portfolio based on Hurwicz approach than benchmark portfolio.

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Construction and analysis of a genetic linkage map of soybean].

A high-density genetic map was constructed with a RILs population (NJRIKY) from a cross of two cultivated soybean Kefeng 1 and Nannong 1138-2, using RFLP, SSR, RAPD and AFLP markers. The map consists of 24 linkage groups, which include 792 genetic markers, and covers 2,320.7 cM with an average genetic distance of 2.9 cM. The higher polymorphsims between two parents were identified with SSR markers. Due to its simplicity and stability, they could be used as anchored marker to integrate different maps constructed with different genetic markers. AFLP marker system is efficient for map construction while it easily form clusters to cause big gaps in the map. A total of 21.7% of markers was found with distorted segregation in the RILs population. The high-density molecular linkage map is fundamental for gene localization, comparative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Undertraining of Lawyers and Its Effect on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in the Legal Profession

The undertraining of law students documented in a century’s worth of critiques of legal education, most recently by the Carnegie Foundation, has different and much more detrimental consequences for the post-J.D. careers of women and minority attorneys. However, studies of their early careers focus primarily on problems with law-firm mentoring and pay little, if any, attention to how the earlier training that these lawyers received (or failed to be given) in law school might have contributed to the later career obstacles they face. Conversely, studies of the ways that law schools undertrain law students pay little or no attention to how the deficiencies in the current model of law school education may disproportionately disadvantage women and minority law students later in their careers. This article examines an emerging literature, narratives of professionalization by women attorneys of color, and puts those narratives into the dual context of critiques of legal education (exemplified by the Carnegie Report) and critiques of law-firm practice (exemplified by the recent A.B.A. study “Visible Invisibility: Women of Color in Law Firms”) in order to demonstrate how law schools contribute to the career difficulties faced by women and minority attorneys. Two types of undertraining occur: 1) formal curricular undertraining; 2) self-undertraining, caused by the disengagement produced by law school culture. Only by reforming the curriculum and culture of legal education can law schools live up to the democratic civic mission they espouse as proponents of equal opportunity.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Peer Review #3 of "The association between prior physical fitness and depression in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic—a cross-sectional, retrospective study (v0.2)"

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a spike in deleterious mental health.This dual-center retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of depression in young adults during this pandemic and explored its association with various physical fitness measures.Methods: This study enrolled 12,889 (80% female) young adults (mean age 20 ± 1) who performed a National Student Physical Fitness battery from December 1 st , 2019, to January 20 th , 2020, and completed a questionnaire including Beck's Depression Inventory in May 2020.Independent associations between prior physical fitness and depression during the pandemic were assessed using multivariable linear and binary logistic regressions accordingly, covariates including age, dwelling location, economic level, smoking, alcohol, living status, weight change, and exercise volume during the pandemic.Sex-and baseline stress-stratified analyses were performed.Results: Of the study population 13.9% of men and 15.0% of women sampled qualified for a diagnosis of depression.After multivariable adjustment, anaerobic (mean change [95% CI], -3.3 [-4.8 to 1.8]) aerobic (-1.5 [-2.64 to -0.5]), explosive (-1.64 [-2.7 to -0.6]) and muscular (-1.7 [-3.0 to -0.5]) fitness were independently and inversely associated with depression for the overall population.These remained consistent after sex-and baseline stress-stratification.In binary logistic regression, the combined participants with moderate, high or excellent fitness also showed a much lower risk compared to those least fit in anaerobic (odd ratio (OR) [95% CI], 0.68 [0.55 to 0.82]), aerobic (0.80 [0.68 to 0.91]), explosive (0.72 [0.61 to 0.82]), and muscular (0.66 [0.57 to 0.75]) fitness.Conclusions: These findings suggest that prior physical fitness may be inversely associated with depression in young adults

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Equity-based Fair Market Algorithm to Effectively Integrate DER in Retail Market Pricing

This paper presents a market mechanism based on an equity-based market algorithm to incorporate DER in the retail market considering different financing options of solar owners. This paper first investigates the impact of power curtailment on solar owners with different financing options using different parameters when the Distribution System Operator (DSO) optimal operations of the distribution system. Then we proposed a methodology to weighting the power curtailment based on the Return on Investment (ROI) value to achieve maximum social welfare.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
D6.15: Report on outputs of the short-term missions

The One Health EJP (OHEJP) Short Term Missions (STMs) were small co-funded travel grants which facilitated the exchange of scientific expertise, methodologies, equipment, and facilities to our consortium members. The aim of these missions was to harmonise the existing approaches and methodologies within the OHEJP.<br> These STMs drove research forward in a collaborative and non-duplicative fashion to strengthen the scientific capacity within the OHEJP, and to also contribute to the future prevention, preparedness, detection, and response of the EU to foodborne and other emerging threats across human-animal-environmental sectors.<br> The OHEJP co-funded a total of 19 STMs (each funded 44% by the EU), which involved 22 researchers and a total of 27 institutes within the OHEJP consortium. The Education and Training activities team from Work Package 6 (WP6) was responsible for co-ordinating the calls, selection of applicants for funding and reporting on the short term missions funded each year.

Topic: Christian Theology and Mission
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transition Plan For the Technology Demonstration of the Joint Network Defence and Management System (JNDMS)

Abstract : In todays modern warfare environment the ability to conduct Network Enabled Operations has become crucial to the success of any military organization. This dependence on the networks and the information superiority that they provide has heightened the requirement to understand how networks may be vulnerable and to defend against cyber threats that may attempt to exploit these vulnerabilities. The Joint Network Defence and Management System (JNDMS) Technology Demonstrator (TD) has successfully demonstrated the value of combining the domains of enterprise network management with network security management to provide comprehensive Situational Awareness (SA) for Computer Network Defence (CND) to the Canadian Forces. Through numerous experiments and demonstrations, culminating with the demonstration of a full system deployment on the Defence Research Experimental Network, the project has shown that the costs, risks and complexities of engineering such a system can be greatly reduced by the integration of currently available Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) products into a flexible, open standards-based system architecture. The final activity for the JNDMS TD is to illustrate a path to operations that describes a feasible approach for evolving the Technology Demonstration System to a full implementation on theDND networks. This report contains recommendations which will greatly reduce the risk and associated costs of following this path. A great deal of effort during the JNDMS TD has been focused on mitigating the risks involved with transitioning the demonstration system to a fully operational deployment.

Topic: Military Strategy and Technology
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of Indicators for Agricultural Vulnerability to Drought in the Municipality of Taal

Drought is one of the many natural hazards that threatens the agricultural sector. To mitigate its harmful impacts, vulnerability assessment is conducted to create environmental and natural resources management strategies. The use of indicators and weighting procedure play important roles and are crucial steps toward assessing vulnerability. This study identifies and evaluates the necessary indicators in assessing the vulnerability of agricultural resources in Taal, Batangas to drought. Comprehensive data gathering was conducted in the form of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with farmers, agriculture experts and the local government unit to extract critical information and to determine the vulnerability indicators that are relevant to the study. Agricultural resources map produced through the Phil-LiDAR 2 Program were used to identify the different agricultural classes in the area. The importance of indicators are quantified by computing their weights through the implementation of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which establishes relation between the indicators through pair-wise comparison. AHP was also implemented on agriculture classes through the judgment of several agricultural experts. The result showed that soil types, human sensitivity and percent of annual income for non-agricultural activities are the indicators that garnered the highest weights for the vulnerability factors exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity respectively.

Topic: Climate change impacts on agriculture
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional assessment of the regional distribution of disease in a cat model of hereditary retinal degeneration.

It was demonstrated that topographical MF-ERG recordings can be obtained in an animal model under fundus control using SLO stimulation. The appearance of retinal landmarks was found to be dependent on sufficient attenuation of laser power. Because the changes in ARCD are more patchy than in human retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a generalized loss of function was detected. However, like in RP, the central area was found to retain a better function than the periphery, especially in later stages of the disease. In summary, fundus controlled methods like the one presented will greatly improve the reliability of MF-ERG in future research on glaucoma, transplantation studies, and evaluation of gene therapy.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Palestine, the Arabs and Israel: The Search for Justice and The Arab Cold War 1958–1967: A Study of Ideology in Politics

Journal Article Palestine, the Arabs and Israel: The Search for Justice and The Arab Cold War 1958–1967: A Study of Ideology in Politics Get access Palestine, the Arabs and Israel: The Search for Justice. By Henry Cattan. London: Longmans. 1969. 281 pp. Index. 40s.The Arab Cold War 1958–1967: A Study of Ideology in Politics. By Malcolm Kerr. 2nd ed. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1967. 169 pp. (Chatham House Essays: 10.) 14s. Roger Owen Roger Owen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 46, Issue 4, October 1970, Pages 848–849, https://doi.org/10.2307/2614623 Published: 01 October 1970

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Auger Electron Spectroscopy as a Probe of the Solution of Aqueous Ions

Aqueous potassium chloride has been studied by synchrotron-radiation excited core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy. In the Auger spectrum of the potassium ion, the main feature comprises the final states where two outer valence holes are localized on potassium. This spectrum exhibits also another feature at a higher kinetic energy which is related to final states where outer valence holes reside on different subunits. Through ab initio calculations for microsolvated clusters, these subunits have been assigned as potassium ions and the surrounding water molecules. The situation is more complicated in the Auger spectrum of the chloride anion. One-center and multicenter final states are present here as well but overlap energetically.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences