jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Grass Management Regimes Affect Grasshopper Availability and Subsequently American Crow Activity at Airports

With large expanses of open vegetation, airports serve as major attractants for numerous bird species, such as the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), which can lead to high risk of bird–aircraft collision. Previous observations of large influxes of crows at the Prince George Airport (British Columbia, Canada) in July and August suggested that crows were opportunistically foraging on grasshopper (Melanoplus sp.) population eruptions in mown grass during those months. We tested whether grasshoppers were more visible (i.e., easier for crows to detect) under different grass lengths, and whether crows were preferentially attracted to these same grass lengths. Employing line transects during July to August 2010 and 2011, we detected &gt;6 times as many grasshoppers in short-cut grass (0 to 15 cm) than in uncut grass (&gt;30 cm). Data from 2011 also revealed that grasshopper detections by crows was significantly higher in short-cut grass than in grass left at intermediate lengths (long-cut grass [15 to 30 cm]). Crow densities also varied with grass length, with significantly more crows foraging in short-cut than long-cut or uncut grass lengths. Our results indicate that allowing the grass to grow to &gt;15 cm could reduce the attraction of crows to the airfield and may reduce bird–aircraft collisions.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Organization and Dynamics of the Proteolipid Complexes Formed by Annexin V and Lipids in Planar Supported Lipid Bilayers

The consequences of the binding of annexin V on its lateral mobility and that of lipids were investigated by means of experimental and simulated FRAP experiments. Experiments were carried out on planar supported bilayers (PC/PS 9:1 mol/mol mixtures) in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2 in the subphase. The probes C12-NBD-PS and fluorescein-labeled annexin V were used and the data compared with that previously obtained for C12-NBD-PC [Saurel, O., Cézanne, L., Milon, A., Tocanne, J. F., & Demange, P. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 1403-1410]. At complete coverage of the lipid bilayer by the protein (Cannexin = 80 nM), the lateral mobility of C12-NBD-PC was reduced by 40% while C12-NBD-PS and bound annexin V molecules were nearly immobilized (D < 10(-)11 cm2/s). At moderate protein concentration (20 nM < Cannexin < 80 nM), best fitting of the lipid and protein probe recoveries was achieved with one single diffusion coefficient and a mobile fraction close to 100%, indicating homogeneous lipid and protein populations. In contrast, at low protein concentration (Cannexin < 20 nM), C12-NBD-PS showed a two-component diffusion. The slow PS population at Cannexin < 20 nM and the single PS population at Cannexin > 20 nM moved at the same rate that bound annexin V (mobile fraction close to 100%), indicating strong PS/protein interactions. With the aid of computer simulations of the lateral motion of PC molecules, based on the 2-D crystalline networks formed by annexin V in contact with the lipid bilayer, these FRAP results may be accounted for by considering a rather simple model of a proteolipidic complex consisting of an extended 2-D crystalline protein network facing the lipid bilayer and stabilized by strong interactions between annexin V and PS molecules. In this model, immobilization of annexin V and PS molecules originates from their mutual interactions. The slowing down of PC molecules is due to various obstacles to their lateral diffusion which can be described as: the four PS molecules bound to the protein, the tryptophan 187 which presumably interacts with the lipids at the level of their polar headgroups and probably the three other hydrophobic amino acid residues located on the AB calcium-binding loops of the protein.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intersecting Multisets and Applications to Multiset Languages

Abstract. We show that the family Sem = mREG = mCF of regular multiset languages is closed under applications of finite and iterated multiset-union, finite and iterated multiset-intersection, and multiset-subtraction. For the class Sem( � k) of semilinear subsets of � k, or that of � k, Sem: = � k≥0 Sem( � k), this amounts to verify, that the component-wise maximum, minimum or non-negative subtraction of pairs of elements from two semi-linear sets is again semi-linear, and that the iterated application can be replaced by a fixed finite application of multisetintersection, respectively multiset-subtraction. We solve the three questions about closure properties that remained open in [KuMi 01,KuMi 02], verify that the family mMON is not closed with respect to multiset-intersection, and correct a small mistake in a proof in [EiSc 69,Bers 79]. 1

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Osteosarcoma of the mandible. A diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing it from fibrous dysplasia.

40才男性の下顎に生じた骨肉腫の1例を報告する。患者は, 下唇の知覚低下を主訴として1988年7月8日に来院した。初診時には, 臨床的にも病理組織学的にも悪性所見に乏しく, 線維性骨異形成症と診断された。しかし, その2カ月後には下唇の知覚麻痺は進行し, 下顎角部の腫脹と同部のX線的骨吸収像の増加が見られたため, 再度組織診を行い, 骨肉腫と診断された。治療は, アドリアマイシンの動注化学療法後に下顎骨連続離断術と同側の上顎部郭清術を行い, 1カ月後にメソトレキセート (iv) とシスプラチン (iv) の大量療法を追加した。しかし, 手術後13カ月目に肺, 胸壁, 肋骨, 胸部大動脈, 横隔膜などに転移を来し, 死亡した。本症例の治療が不成功に終った原因として以下の点が挙げられる。1) 初回の生検時に転移防止のための十分な処置が取られなかった。2) 病理診断者に正確な病歴と臨床所見が伝わっておらず, 最初適切な診断がなされなかった。3) 確定診断がなされたのは, 初回生検より2カ月後であった。4) 術後の化学療法開始が遅れ, 総投与量も不十分であった。

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Screening the Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-essential gene deletion library reveals diverse mechanisms of action for antifungal plant defensins

Plant defensins are a large family of proteins, most of which have antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of fungi. However, little is known about how they exert their activity. The mechanisms of action of only a few members of the family have been investigated and, in most cases, there are still a number of unknowns. To gain a better understanding of the antifungal mechanisms of a set of four defensins, NaD1, DmAMP1, NbD6, and SBI6, we screened a pooled collection of the nonessential gene deletion set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains with increased or decreased ability to survive defensin treatment were identified based on the relative abundance of the strain-specific barcode as determined by MiSeq next-generation sequencing. Analysis of the functions of genes that are deleted in strains with differential growth in the presence of defensin provides insight into the mechanism of action. The screen identified a novel role for the vacuole in the mechanisms of action for defensins NbD6 and SBI6. The effect of these defensins on vacuoles was further confirmed by using confocal microscopy in both S. cerevisiae and the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. These results demonstrate the utility of this screening method to identify novel mechanisms of action for plant defensins.

Topic: Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sensory, Physical, and Microbiological Comparison of Brine-Chilled, Water-chilled, and Hot-packaged (No Chill) Broilers

Percent water uptake, thawing, and cooking losses were determined on broiler carcasses which had been ice-slush chilled (ice slush, 1 C overnight), brine chilled (5% NaCl, −1 C overnight), and hot packaged (no chill). After cooking, the meat samples were evaluated for flavor, tenderness, and juiciness by a taste panel. Shear force and percent moisture analyses were also conducted. Carcasses and chill water were tested for microbial population throughout the experiment. Brine-chilled carcasses had significantly greater water uptake and lower thawing and cooking losses than conventionally-chilled carcasses. While all samples were scored favorably for flavor, tenderness, and juiciness, brine-chilled samples received higher scores than conventionally-chilled or hot-packaged samples. Meat from brine-chilled carcasses had a significantly higher moisture content and lower shear force values (more tender) than meat from conventionally-chilled or hot-packaged carcasses. Total plate and coliform counts were lower for both brine-chilled and conventionally-chilled carcasses than for hot-packaged carcasses. Adding salt to the chill water slightly decreased the microbial population in the chill water during chilling.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determination of Trace Level Microcystins in Water by Fully Automated Online Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A fully automated online solid phase extraction(online SPE)-HPLC method was developed for the determination of three trace level microcystins(MCs) in water samples.The sample was first injected by autosampler to the online SPE column continuously followed by clean-up using loading pump with gradient program.Then the online SPE column was introduced to the analytical flow path by valve switching and the analytes were back-flushed to the analytical column using analytical pump for further determination.The Acclaim PA cartridge(10 mm×4.3 mm×5 μm) was employed as online SPE column and the Acclaim PA2(150 mm×4.6 mm×3 μm) as analytical column,the flow of loading pump was set at 2.0 mL/min while the analytical pump was 1.0 mL/min.Gradient programs were used for the sample clean-up and determination in both pumps.The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm,the injection volume was 10 mL and the total analysis time was 20 min.Good linearity from 0.5 to 10 μg/L(R20.9996) for each microcystin were obtained with a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.1 μg/L(S/N3).The repeatability was got from 6 injections of standard solution with peak area RSD1.6%.The results showed that the proposed method could be used for the determination of trace level microcystins in water samples.

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the role of niche specialization in the geographic distribution of aphid asexual lineages: a case study using the leaf‐curl plum aphid superclones

Asexual lineages often exhibit broad distributions and can thrive in extreme habitats compared to their sexual counterparts. Several hypotheses can be proposed to explain this pattern. Asexual lineages could be versatile genotypes with wide environmental tolerance, enabling their dispersal and persistence across large geographic areas. Alternatively, asexual genotypes could be ecological specialists that thrive in specific environments and outcompete relative colonizing distantly related with similar conditions in the process. Several aphid species feature widespread obligate asexual lineages, commonly known as ‘superclones'. Yet it is often unknown whether these clones are widespread ecological generalists or successful specialists. To explore these hypotheses, we examined climatic niche differentiation among six globally distributed obligate asexual lineages of the cosmopolitan aphid pest, Brachycaudus helichrysi . To ensure that we were investigating the aphid genotype niche and not a by‐product of their association with endosymbionts mediating thermal tolerance, we first verified that clones hosted similar endosymbiont communities. Subsequently, we conducted multivariate analyses on clone occurrence data on a worldwide scale. Our results revealed that, despite their global distribution, B. helichrysi superclones occupy different climatic niches. This study represents the first evidence that aphid superclone distribution can be mediated by distinctive ranges of climatic tolerance.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The history of greenhouse gas emissions and relation with the nuclear energy policy for Turkey

The globalising world, rapidly developing technology and growing population have brought many problems and led to disrupting the world ecological balance. Today, existing energy sources reached such a level that cannot meet the current needs of the world. Due to the fact that fossil fuels will run out in near future, it has made mankind tending to seek alternative energy sources. The main issues addressed in this paper are the history of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and relations with nuclear energy policy, particularly in Turkey. Currently, nuclear has much less GHGe and high energy-efficiency, and also meets 10.6% of the world primary electiricty energy demand. Therefore, countries seriously began to evaluate nuclear energy instead of fossil-fuels. In line with this, Turkey started to build third nuclear plants and aims to meet at least 15% of its primary electiricity energy demand. Hereby, Turkey is not only reducing dependence on fossil-fuels but also planning to reach the undertaken GHGe level as a country of signed the Kyoto protocol.

Topic: Energy and Environment Impacts
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of eutectic compositions on the sintering temperature of alumina-titania ceramics

On etudie les effets d'additifs sur la temperature de frittage de deux eutectiques Al 2 O 3 −TiO 2 de compositions differentes, par comparaison avec celle de leurs constituants purs

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Armageddon in Biblical typological perspective/ Hans K. LaRondelle.

With regard to the study of unfulfilled prophecy of Scripture, most Christians seem to realize the need for and the indispensability of a responsible hermeneutic as the guideline for applying prophecy to our modern time. They agree that such a hermeneutic must be derived from Holy Scripture itself and should not be construed from any dogmatic philosophical or religious a priori. Our hermeneutic seems to be nowhere of such crucial importance as in the application of the final holy war in John's Apocalypse, popularly rendered as "Armageddon" (Rev 16:16). The fact that basically conflicting interpretations of Armageddon are found among orthodox Christians, even within the same denomination, shows that a more concerted theological effort is needed to arrive at a basic unity of understanding among Christians. How can we expect politicians and the secular world to know what "Armageddon" means in the Bible if we ourselves are confused about the matter at issue? The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of "Armageddon" in Rev 16:16 from a biblical perspective, that is, from both the immediate context and also from its Hebrew types or prefigurations in the OT.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Energy ratio response at the interface of elastic and dual-porous thermoelastic half-spaces

Abstract The present study delves into the intricate examination of energy distribution inherent in plane waves interfacing with an elastic half-space and a thermoelastic half-space characterized by a dual porosity framework. Employing the memory-dependent dual-phase-lag (DPL) hyperbolic two-temperature (H2T) thermoelastic paradigm, the investigation encompasses various incident wave types. The governing equations, rendered in a non-dimensional format, are meticulously addressed by applying the rigorous technique of eigenmode analysis. The intricate energy ratios are meticulously ascertained through the judicious imposition of boundary conditions and the discerning employment of reflection and transmission coefficients. Graphical representations have been exhibited, elucidating the effects of diverse parameters on distinct energy ratios within crystalline structures akin to magnesium materials. These parameters encompass but are not confined to the H2T paradigm, the absence of the two-temperature influence, the classical two-temperature approach, memory effects, and a spectrum of distinct kernel functions. The proposed model emanates cross-disciplinary utility, traversing the domains of seismology, acoustics, optics, materials science, structural engineering, and geophysics.

Topic: Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experiences of using a blended teaching and learning method: virtual learning environment blended with simulation.

The module was developed in a blended manner: the theoretical underpinnings arelearned and taught using a VLE, and students apply these to simulated exercises. Theopportunity to share the lessons learned from development, implementation andevaluation would emphasise the potential this learning and teaching approach haswithin this field.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Studies on subset, location and secretion of natural keratin-reactive B cells].

There are three subsets of keratin-reactive B cells: B-1 B cells, follicular B cells and marginal zone B cells. B-1 B cells are active in secreting AK auto Ab.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 222875: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of prenatal X-irradiation on testicular function and morphology in the rat

Present findings confirm and extend previous observations that x-irradiation during certain stages of prenatal development results in testicular injury and infertility in the male rat. The effects were particularly marked in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 18th day of pregnancy. These rats also showed in addition to testes injury a significant reduction in seminal vesicle weight. Testicular injury also occurred in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 14th day of pregnancy but was less marked than in the 18-day series. No abnormalities in testicular function or morphology were observed in the offspring of rats irradiated on the 10th day of pregnancy.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clonal anergy blocks in vivo growth of mature T cells and can be reversed in the absence of antigen.

Experiments in various models have indicated that immunological tolerance can result from the physical elimination (deletion) of reactive lymphocytes as well as from anergy. We have previously reported that mature CD4-CD8+ T cells when confronted with their antigen can proliferate extensively but are finally eliminated or become intrinsically anergic such that remaining cells are refractory to stimulation by any T cell receptor ligands, even in the presence of exogenous interleukin 2. Here we show that in vivo the anergy can be reversed in the absence of antigen, such that the cells are then able to proliferate extensively in vivo to a new challenge with the antigen in question.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities of diosgenin isolated from traditional medicinal plant, <i>Costus speciosus</i> (Koen ex.Retz.) Sm

<i>Costus speciosus</i> is an important medicinal plant widely used in several indigenous medicinal formulations. The present study was conducted to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities of diosgenin isolated from <i>C. speciosus.</i> The diosgenin was isolated from <i>C. speciosus</i> by HPTLC and its biological activities were studied by different protocols. The results demonstrated that LPS stimulated TNF-α generation in RAW 264.7 macrophage culture supernatant up to 3.7-fold of the control and that sample treatment (50 μg/mL) resulted in a highly significant inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated TNF-α (<i>p</i> C. speciosus possess anticancer, apoptotic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation.

Topic: Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Testing for slope heterogeneity in Stata

In this article, we introduce a new community-contributed command, xthst, to test for slope heterogeneity in panels with many observations over cross-sectional units and time periods. The command implements such a test, the delta test (Pesaran and Yamagata, 2008, Journal of Econometrics 142: 50–93). Under its null, slope coefficients are homogeneous across cross-sectional units. Under the alternative, slope coefficients are heterogeneous in the cross-sectional dimension. xthst also includes two extensions. The first is a heteroskedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent robust test along the lines of Blomquist and Westerlund (2013, Economics Letters 121: 374–378). The second extension is a cross-sectional-dependence robust version. We discuss all tests and present examples using an economic growth model. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that the size and the power behave as expected.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Comprehensive architecture for intelligent adaptive interface in the field of single-human multiple-robot interaction

Nowadays, with progresses in robotic science, the design and implementation of a mechanism for human–robot interaction with a low workload is inevitable. One notable challenge in this field is the interaction between a single human and a group of robots. Therefore, we propose a new comprehensive framework for single‐human multiple‐robot remote interaction that can form an efficient intelligent adaptive interaction (IAI). Our interaction system can thoroughly adapt itself to changes in interaction context and user states. Some advantages of our devised IAI framework are lower workload, higher level of situation awareness, and efficient interaction. In this paper, we introduce a new IAI architecture as our comprehensive mechanism. In order to practically examine the architecture, we implemented our proposed IAI to control a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under different scenarios. The results show that our devised IAI framework can effectively reduce human workload and the level of situation awareness, and concurrently foster the mission completion percentage of the UAVs.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Subsurface Geology and Active Faults under the Sedimentary Basin in Kobe City and Its Surrounding Area.

兵庫県南部地震後,最も大きな被害を蒙った神戸・阪神地域では,被災地の地下に伏在している活断層や構造を明らかにする目的で,兵庫県,神戸市,地質調査所などで反射法地震探査,大深度ボーリング調査などが実施された.その結果,神戸・阪神地域の沖積低地の下には,大阪層群を主体とする鮮新-更新統が厚さ数100～1,500mにわたり分布すること,従来から知られる諏訪山断層,五助橋断層など地表に表われている既知の断層から少し離れた市街地地下に活断層が伏在していることなどが明らかになってきた.さらに,これらの活断層がつくりだした基盤の段差構造の様子,伏在活断層が厚い堆積層を通し,地表にはきわめて緩やかな変形として表れていることなども明らかになってきた.特に後者は,伏在活断層を従来の地形調査や地表踏査では認識することがきわめて困難であり,今回実施された反射法地震探査などの地下探査によって初めて明らかにできることを示唆する.反射法地震探査,大深度ボーリング調査を中心とした調査により,神戸・阪神地域の活断層の全貌が把握できたことのみならず,さまざまな地震による震度分布や強震動予測をする上で必要な地下構造の情報が得られた点が画期的といえよう.

Topic: Earthquake and Disaster Impact Studies
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences