jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Natural Products in the Fight Against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria

It is well recognised that the antimicrobial resistance crisis has approached critical levels, and current treatment options are very limited, especially in the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. Thus, ongoing research is focused on the development of new molecules which have broader antimicrobial activity. However, the advancements in drug development studies using synthetic compounds has led to a lack of success. Also, economic and regulatory issues have formed a challenge as well. Therefore, research has focused again on natural products. A large number of natural products and natural product-derived compounds are still in various stages of clinical development. Here, current research on the potential uses of natural products or their templates as viable sources of new drug candidates have been discussed to construct an understanding towards the goal of development of new antimicrobials to overcome resistant pathogens.

Topic: Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sector-Wide and Country-Specific Drivers of Firm Performance in the Visegrad Group Dairy Industry

The paper investigates the effects of sector-wide and country-specific determinants on profitability of the dairy industry in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary over the period of years 2006- 2014. Using an econometric approach, a hypothesis about the impact of various drivers of firm performance on both sector and country level was tested. The findings confirm that these factors have a significant impact on the dairy firms’ performance in the V4 countries. It was found out that foreign competition measured by the import penetration ratio had significant negative impact on dairy firm performance. The positive development of GDP and market concentration affected profitability positively. The results could help in designing common agricultural and industrial policy in the European Union as well as in managing the mutual trade of milk products in V4 countries.

Topic: Global Trade and Competitiveness
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Portable tunable interband cascade laser spectrometer using thin-film waveguides for food contaminant analysis

Interband cascade lasers (ICL) are high output power mid-infrared light sources with low power consumption, serving as a viable alternative to more commonly applied quantum cascade lasers. The integration of ICLs with thin-film waveguides facilitates miniaturized sensing platforms based on the principles of evanescent field absorption toward tailorable high-fidelity portable mid-infrared (MIR) sensing solutions for on-site chemical analysis. The analytical performance of a MIR sensing system is presented combining a tunable interband cascade laser emitting at a wavelength range of 5.88–6.09 µm (1702–1641 cm−1) with a 6 µm GaAs/AlGaAs thin-film waveguide as the active transducer for customized evanescent field absorption analysis of food contaminants. A comparison of the analytical performance of the developed tICL-based system vs conventional Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is presented for the exemplary analysis of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, a persistent food contaminant resulting from fungal infection. The thin-film waveguide enhances the sensitivity compared to conventional attenuated total reflection systems, revealing improved detection limits. The compact design of the system, along with the favorable analytical figures-of-merit and automated data processing, confirm the potential of the developed tICL-based spectrometer for on-site detection of food contaminants at various stages along the food supply chain.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Jordanian Employment in the Aqaba Labor Market

This table shows the employment of Jordanians across industrial, educational, and occupational groups as a percentage of total employment in 2003. Note that the three major industries (in order) are public administration/social services; trade, including hotels and restaurants; and manufacturing. Almost 50 percent of Jordanian workers had less than a secondary education, and almost 50 percent of all employees fell into three occupational groups: service, shop, and market sales; craft and related trades; and elementary occupations.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in MENA
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis on tort conducted toward a cooperative on decision no. 221/pdt.g/2015/pn.Jkt.Tim based on law no.25 year 1992 concerning cooperatives = Analisis perbuatan melawan hukum terhadap koperasi atas putusan no. 221/pdt.g/2015/pn.Jkt.Tim berdasarkan undang-undang no. 25 year 1992 tentang perkoperasian

Manusia terus berkembang melalui kegiatan niaga. Dalam berniaga, tanah adalah bagian penting dari usaha apapun. Munculnya Koperasi sebagai usaha yang didorong kelas menengah Indonesia melihat butuhnya Koperasi akan tanah untuk usaha mereka. Undang-Undang No. 25 year 1992 tentang Perkoperasian mengatur bagian organisasi yang menjalankannya, khususnya yang dapat mengambil tindakan hukum. Perkara yang dianalisis dalam Skripsi ini diambil dari Putusan No. 221/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Jkt.Tim yang mengadili perkara perbuatan melawan hukum. Permasalahannya tidak banyak terletak pada isu ganti rugi, tetapi individu yang dapat mengambil tindakan hukum yang menuntut kembali tanah dari pembeli. Perkara tersebut adalah perbuatan melawan hukum jual beli tanah. Dalam hal ini, hakim mempertimbangkan kasus di masa lalu khususnya yang melihat berlakunya proses yang diterapkan. Menggunakan tinjauan normative dan tinjauan statuta dalam penelitian hukum, Penulis melihat masa lalu untuk menentukan pola di masa sekarang sehingga dapat mencari solusi untuk masa depan yang lebih baik.

Topic: Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chromosome damage induced by 5-azacytidine under the influence of caffeine or cytosine arabinoside in CHO-K1 (wild-type) and XRS-5 (mutant) cell lines

5-azacytidine (5-azaC) treatment combined with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) or caffeine were performed in vitro in Chinese hamster cells, CHO-K1 (wild-type) and xrs-5 (mutant) cell lines, in order to compare the cell response to the induction of chromosomal aberrations. Exponentially growing cells were treated with 5-azaC (4-16 uM) for 1 h, the cells were washed and incubated for 7 h, and 500 uM caffeine or 5 uM ara-C were added to the cultures for the last 2 h. In both cell lines, 5-azaC induced a significantly increase (P&lt;0.01) in the frequencies of aberrations; in the combined treatments (5-azaC + Ara-C), a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) was observed for the aberrations which were randomly distributed. Caffeine had no influence at the same conditions. 5-azaC induced-DNA lesions were probably processed at S/G2 phase in a common pathway in both cell lines, but alternatively, 5-azaC may cause xrs-5 cells to revert to the wild-type.

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Complete mitochondrial genome of the <i>Themus foveicollis</i> (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

The genus <i>Themus</i> Motschulsky, 1858 is one of the largest genera of beetle family Cantharidae, however, no complete mitochondrial genome is available in the public database so far. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the first complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Themus</i>, with <i>T. foveicollis</i> as the representative species. The mitochondrial genome was 16,469 bp in size with 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer <i>RNA</i> genes, and two ribosomal <i>RNA</i> genes, as well as a non-coding region, which are arranged in the same way as the hypothetical ancestral insect. It exhibited a typical high A + T bias and a higher proportion of bases A and C than T and G (A: 41.1%, T: 37.5%, G: 8.6%, C: 12.9%). The phylogenetic trees of Elateroidea were reconstructed based on 13 PCGs sequences using the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses to investigate its phylogenetic position. The results showed that <i>Themus</i> was consistently grouped with the remaining genera of Cantharidae and placed in a monophyletic clade of Cantharinae in high supporting values, which are congruent with the morphological classification. The newly sequenced mitochondrial genome in this study constitutes important reference data for reconstructing phylogeny of the family Cantharidae or the superfamily Elateroidea.

Topic: Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Early development characteristics of different clover species during establishment

Maximizing the proportion of legumes in dryland pasture swards is important to provide N to the soil through nitrogen fixation and for large animal live weight gains. The establishment and early seedling characteristics of legumes has a major effect on legume survival in a pasture. The aim of this experiment was to quantify some seedling development characteristic to gain an understanding, of which species would be best suited to grow in dryland pasture mixes in the east coast of New Zealand. The seedling and early development characteristics of many legumes species were analysed in two separate experiments. In experiment one four annual legumes and two perennial control species were direct drilled into a dryland pasture at four different sowing dates in autumn. Seedling and leaf counts were done at emergence and the dry matter production was measured the following spring. In experiment two 10 different clover species and two subterranean clover cultivars were grown in a pot trial. The time to 50% emergence, leaf appearance over time, shoot weights and shoot: root ratios were measured. ‘Bolta’ balansa was the fastest species to emerge, it required a thermal time of 102.6 °Cd to reach 50% emergence. ‘Endura’ Caucasian clover was a very slow developing species, it required 179.1 °Cd to reach 50% emergence and 145.4 °Cd until first leaf appearance. It had a phyllochron of 106.5 °Cd and only produced an average of 8 leaves throughout the trial. Annual legume species had more rapid emergence, leaf appearance and greater shoot growth rates in early establishment than perennials. Subterranean clover had the greatest shoot weights after emergence, ‘Napier’ subterranean clover had a shoot weight of 0.052 g/plant and 0.132 g/plant 33 and 48 days after sowing respectively. Talish clover, alsike clover, white clover and strawberry all had the lowest shoot weights after emergence. The perennial legume species had a greater root: shoot ratios than the annual legume species. In the field gland clover was the most successful at establishment they produced 63% more dry matter than any other species.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computer Software Selection: Financial

Over and over we as producers are told we need to know our cost of production. As the title of my college accounting book stated, accounting is the basis for business decisions. The question comes up: how do we track these costs and make sense of all the numbers? As soon as we realize the importance of the office work and the need to get it done in a timely and efficient manner, we address how to get it done. What has been the answer for the past 20 to 25 years to help get the work done? That's right, get a machine to do it (for better or worse!). Just as none of us rode the train or brought the team and buggy to this symposium, record keeping has progressed with the times with the advent of the computer, and an abundance of software programs. But remember, the computer is just another machine that helps us do our office work, much like the baler and stacker helps with the haying, it won't do the work for you, just help you get it done. When considering software, remember what is said of financial reports like the balance sheet, they give you a picture of your financial position at a given time. When you take a picture, a camera is used, so think of the software that produces a balance sheet as a camera. As with cameras, which come in many models; from the simple point, shoot, and throw away to the more sophisticated studio models; software varies. As you can imagine, programs like cameras, vary in price and the degree of skill and experience needed to get the very best out of them. But have faith, the good news is that with today's advances in computers and programming, even the most old fashioned cowboy or the most educated animal scientist can get a good set of financial records established. Selecting computer software is really just asking and answering a series of questions. If a lot of thought goes into what and how you want to examine your business, the selection process will be much easier. To put this in rancher (not photographer) terms, think of buying software just like buying a pickup. Before you buy a pickup you figure how you are going to use it. Will it be used primarily for going to town, or will it pull a 8x24 trailer filled with horses on mostly gravel roads, plow mud, and be used to fix fence and haul out mineral. Just like pickups, software comes in many makes and models to suit a variety of needs. And especially like modern pickups, newer programs come with many bells and whistles which you can compare to electric seats and fancy stereos.

Topic: Spreadsheets and End-User Computing
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Apodization for systems of high f-number

The exit pupil distribution that maximizes the mean encircled energy fraction over some interval along a system's line of symmetry is found here for both two- and three-dimensional geometries. Such a merit function has been optimized previously by using the Debye model for the diffracted field, but this is not valid for the systems studied here; the more general Kirchhoff integral must be used. Optimal pupil functions for these systems are shown to depend on an additional parameter and represent a new family of solutions with nontrivial phase. Taylor series are derived for these functions, and they provide a powerful verification of the numerical results.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Assessment of Rebate Schemes Under Article 102 TFEU

The thesis concerns the assessment of rebate schemes under European Union competition law. Particularly exclusivity rebates have recently been under assessment of the European Union courts with the Intel judgement. This thesis aims to establish that the courts have historically assessed exclusivity rebates in a way that is incoherent with the assessment of other kinds of rebates. In particular, the courts seem to mistakenly view exclusivity rebates as practices similar to exclusive dealing whereas other rebates are considered more akin to pricing practices. &#13;\nThis thesis provides an overview of case law and economic theory on rebate schemes so as to demonstrate that the economic theory behind exclusivity rebates does not justify the current treatment. The thesis also indicates that the mechanism of foreclosure pertinent in exclusivity rebates does not differ substantially from the mechanism of foreclosure in other rebate schemes. The thesis then advances the argument that the European Union courts’ assessment of rebates is in need of reform. In order to attain better results, competition law assessment should aim to bring itself in line with the economic theory. &#13;\nThe thesis argues that the courts should recognize that exclusivity rebates, along with other rebate schemes, are closer to predatory pricing than exclusive dealing in their theory of harm. This entails that the European Union courts develop their assessment of rebates toward coherently assessing them as pricing practices with a potential to foreclose competitors.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Violence: an unrecognized environmental exposure that may contribute to greater asthma morbidity in high risk inner-city populations.

In the United States, rising trends in asthma prevalence and severity, which disproportionately impact minorities and the urban poor, have not been fully explained by traditional physical environmental risk factors. Exigencies of inner-city living can increase psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress) that confer increased asthma morbidity. In the United States, chronic exposure to violence is a unique stressor existing in many high-risk urban neighborhoods. In this paper, we describe a series of cases that exemplify a temporal association between exposure to violence and the precipitation of asthma exacerbations in four urban pediatric patients. In the first three cases, the nature of the exposure is characterized by the proximity to violence, which ranged from direct victimization (through either the threat of physical assault or actual assault) to learning of the death of a peer. The fourth case characterizes a scenario in which a child was exposed to severe parental conflict (i.e., domestic violence) in the hospital setting. Increasingly, studies have begun to explore the effect of living in a violent environment, with a chronic pervasive atmosphere of fear and the perceived or real threat of violence, on health outcomes in population-based studies. Violence exposure may contribute to environmental demands that tax both the individual and the communities in which they live to impact the inner-city asthma burden. At the individual level, intervention strategies aimed to reduce violence exposure, to reduce stress, or to counsel victims or witnesses to violence may be complementary to more traditional asthma treatment in these populations. Change in policies that address the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to crime and violence in urban America may have broader impact.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Integration of Sustainability Practices in Global Human Resource Management Strategy

This research investigates the critical integration of sustainability paradigms into global human resource management (HRM) strategies, emphasizing the transformative confluence of environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic innovation, examining how HRM can operationalize sustainable development goals (SDGs) through culturally attuned frameworks, strategic talent acquisition, dynamic training modules, and robust performance metrics to foster organizational resilience, ethical governance, and competitive advantage while addressing regulatory complexities, cultivating employee engagement, and amplifying innovation, ultimately establishing HRM as a pivotal driver of sustainability imperatives that redefines workforce management, advances corporate responsibility, and contributes to a holistic vision of sustainable global development.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards Rational Design of Functional Fluoride and Oxyfluoride Materials from First Principles

Complex transition metal compounds (TMCs) research has produced functional materials with a range of properties, including ferroelectricity, colossal magnetoresistance, nonlinear optical activity and high-temperature superconductivity. Conventional routes to tune properties in transition metal oxides, for example, have relied primarily on cation chemical substitution and interfacial effects in thin film heterostructures. In heteroanionic TMCs, exhibiting two chemically distinct anions coordinating the same or different cations, engineering of the anion sub-lattice for property control is a promising alternative approach. The presence of multiple anions provides additional design variables, such as anion order, that are absent in homoanionic counterparts. The more complex structural and chemical phase space of heteroanionic materials provides a unique opportunity to realize enhanced or unanticipated electronic, optical, and magnetic responses. Although there is growing interest in heteroanionic materials, and synthetic and characterization advances are occurring for these materials, the crystal-chemistry principles for realizing structural and property control are only slowing emerging. This dissertation employs anion engineering to investigate phenomena in transition metal fluorides and oxyfluorides compounds using first principles density functional theory calculations. Oxyfluorides are particularly intriguing owing their tendency to stabilize highly ordered anion sublattices as well as the potential to combine the advantageous properties of transition metal oxides and fluorides. This work 1) addresses the challenges of studying fluorides and oxyfluorides using first principles calculations; 2) evaluates the feasibility of using external stimuli, such as epitaxial strain and hydrostatic pressure, to control properties of fluorides and oxyfluorides; and 3) formulates a computational workflow based on multiple levels of theory and computation to elucidate structure-property relationships and anion-order descriptors. The insights gained in this work advance the understanding of oxide-fluoride anion engineered materials and we anticipate that it will motivate novel experimental efforts and materials by design in the future.

Topic: Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A reflection on modelling and examination of paramagnetic molecules for magnetic storage and molecular spintronics

In celebration of our 15th anniversary and some of our most popular articles, Mihail Atanasov and Frank Neese reflect on the modelling and examination of paramagnetic molecules, building on two papers in Chemical Science: https://doi.org/10.1039/C2SC20801F &amp; https://doi.org/10.1039/C2SC21394J.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 10 from TGF-β Signaling in Myeloid Cells Is Required for Tumor Metastasis

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 10 - PDF file 82K, Time course study for in vivo cell trafficking; the expression of TGFbeta ligands and receptors in myeloid cells and subsets&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: TGF-β signaling in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences