jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Contraceptive Use in Obese Adolescents: A Cautionary Tale

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication rarely encountered with the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Obesity is an additional thrombosis risk factor that has been shown to further increase the risk of VTE with the use of COCs. We present 5 cases of obese adolescents (body mass index &gt;30 kg/m 2 ) who encountered thrombosis complications while on COCs. Although the absolute risk of VTE events in the setting of COCs is rare, caution should be observed when choosing hormonal therapy and safer COCs alternatives discussed with adolescents who are obese.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Menu Engineering for Continuing Care Senior Living Facilities with Captive Dining Patrons

Continuing care facilities are a rapidly growing segment of senior living communities providing end-to-end solutions comprising independent living, assisted living, nursing home care, and ultimately hospice. All these establishments contain (in addition to other facilities associated with living, exercising, learning, activities, etc.) dining services managed by an interdisciplinary (finance, nutrition, dietitian, kitchen operations, hospitality, and procurement) team of executives, each with their own objective while cognizant of the overarching organizational, operational, and financial metrics. The residents of these facilities consume most of their meals at these dining facilities, necessitating that the food served meets the complete nutrition, dietary, cost, and operational requirements. Thus, the menu (often rotating every few weeks) of food items must be carefully chosen to be efficiently procured, processed, and served, all the while meeting the nutritional, dietary, and patron satisfaction constraints each put forth by the corresponding stakeholder. We address this complex, unwieldy, and large multiobjective optimization problem using mixed integer linear programming. We demonstrate how menu planners and chefs can analyze their decisions regarding menu structures and evaluate alternative menu interventions to improve menus’ nutritional value while ensuring their residents’ autonomy in making food choice decisions. Along the way, we interviewed various stakeholders, identified their objectives and constraints, gathered the necessary data, formulated and solved the resulting optimization problems, and produced demonstrably effective menus. History: This paper was refereed. This paper was accepted for the Special Issue of INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics—Decision Analysis.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High-speed all-optical NOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifier

In this paper, the high-speed all-optical NOR gate using the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated by using cross-gain modulation of the SOA, used for gain saturation-purpose by pump signal, at 10 Gb/s. Speed limitation reported by previous NOR gates is overcome by using clock signal for probe signal instead of a continuous wave (CW) light.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electron beams and Z-pinches as plasma strippers and lens for low-energy heavy ions

Numerous approaches to the production of intense beams of highly charged heavy ions are compared and contrasted. The competing processes of ionization and electron capture are described and evaluated to explore ways to further improve upon the encouraging recent results from electron-beam (E-MEVVA) and low-impedance Z-discharge (LIZ-MeV) variations on the venerable metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source.

Topic: Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distinguishing sources of nitrate in groundwater

Anthropogenic inputs have significantly impacted the nitrogen cycle, with NO3 pollution being a major concern affecting water resources worldwide [Shukla and Saxena, 2019]. The EU Nitrates Directive [EC, 1991] aimed to protect water quality by preventing and reversing degradation of groundwater due to NO3 from agricultural, urban and industrial wastes; NO3 concentrations should not exceed the limit of 50 mg/L in water bodies. Therefore, assessing NO3 sources is a fundamental prerequisite for planning sustainable groundwater management. In Sardinia, according to the EC Nitrates Directive, the intensively farmed area of Arborea was designated as Nitrate Vulnerable Zone [R.A.S., 2005]. In 2011, a program aimed at groundwater quality monitoring started. The NO3 concentration in groundwater varied from &lt;0.8 to 515 mg/L and median 19 mg/L; 23% of values were higher than 50 mg/L. Flat and hilly areas in eastern Sardinia were the zones mostly affected by NO3 contamination. To estimate potential NO3 sources, groundwater samples were collected at 174 sites from 2013 to 2019. Hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes (D, O, N, S and B), statistics (Gaussian mixture and Bayesian isotope mixing models) and land uses were combined to assess NO3 sources. The use of manure was a primary contributor to NO3 pollution, whereas urban sewage and synthetic fertilizers were subordinated. Results of this study have been used by the Sardinian Regional Authorities to review critical areas, giving a relevant contribution in identifying the new vulnerable zones according to the Nitrate Directive.

Topic: Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Agrarian Reform: Community Plantation Forest in Village Lubuk Seberuk, Lempuing OKI, South Sumatera

This study aims to analyze agrarian reform policies in the management of Community Plantation Forests (HTR) in Lubuk Seberuk Village. In terms of methodology, this study uses a literature review - a qualitative approach. The results showed that the Community Plantation Forest (HTR) in Lubuk Seberuk Village is an effort to deal with land conflicts and improve the economy of the surrounding community. The people in Lubuk Seberuk Village have already reaped the rewards from managing rubber plantations so that they are able to pay for children's education up to university level thanks to the HTR rubber plantation. In addition, there is a Community Plantation Forest Timber Forest Product Utilization Permit (IUPHHK-HTR), which is expected by individuals or cooperatives to be able to increase the potential and quality of production forests. Keywords: Agrarian Reform; Community Plantation Forests; Community Plantation Forest Timber Forest Product Utilization Permit (IUPHHK-HTR); Production Forests Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan reforma agraria pada pengelolaan kawasan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) di Desa Lubuk Seberuk. Dari sisi metodologi, penelitian ini menggunakan kajian literatur – pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) di Desa Lubuk Seberuk merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menangani konflik lahan dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Masyarakat di Desa Lubuk Seberuk sudah memetik hasil dari mengelola kebun karet hingga sudah mampu membiayai pendidikan anak-anak hingga ke jenjang perguruan tinggi berkat hasil kebun karet HTR. Disamping itu, terdapat Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (IUPHHK-HTR), yang diharapkan perorangan atau koperasi mampu untuk meningkatkan potensi dan kualitas hutan produksi. Kata kunci: Reforma agraria; Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR); Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (IUPHHK-HTR); Hutan Produksi

Topic: Agricultural and Environmental Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL HEAD ROTATION (NON-SAGITTAL PLANE POSITION) ON WHIPLASH INJURY

The study of car occupant safety in frontal and side impacts is well established by means of Finite Element (FE) and Multi-body Dynamic (MD) analysis. A comparable reliable method for rear-end accidents, however, is not yet available. The main reason is that these accidents generally lead to whiplash injuries and these are difficult to diagnose, let alone investigate or prevent. A biomechanical FE model of the 50th percentile male human cervical spine, capable of predicting whiplash injury risk, has been developed and previously reported. The study reported here analyses, for the first time, the situation where the car occupant is initially looking to one side. Individual ligament loading data show that the initial head rotation is more damaging to the cervical spine than the sagittal plane scenario, confirming a recently published hypothesis. For the covering abstract see ITRD E117734.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fabrication and a complete structural, optical and electrical analysis of porous germanium nanostructures embedded in a dielectric matrix: possibility of third generation solar cell applications

The primary goal of this thesis is to synthesize porous Ge nanostructures embedded in a dielectric matrix and perform a complete structural, optical and electrical characterization. Ge nanostructures can be a good candidate for use in third-generation solar cells, since they are alternative to Si nanostructures owing to their potentially higher photon conversion efficiencies. So far, most of the research is focused on the use of quantum dot structures in photovoltaic applications; although they provide quantum confinement of excitons, their drawback is the difficulties in electrical connection, which relies on tunneling probability through the dielectric matrix. As an alternative, we propose fabrication of porous Ge nanostructures embedded in a dielectric matrix via magnetron-sputtering technique, which is an interconnected Ge nanocrystal network where the electrical connection does not require any tunneling mechanism. We also suggest a way to preserve the quantum confinement effectby carefully tailoring the Ge content and engineering the structure of dielectric matrix.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A smooth dynamical system that counts in binary

This paper presents a smooth dynamical system that implements a toggle flip-flop. The flip-flop is described as a system of smooth, non-linear ODEs. We identify a period-2, invariant set of this system, and show that this corresponds to the discrete state transitions of a discrete model. We show that this behaviour is robust for a large class of inputs and that these toggle elements can be composed to implement a binary counter of any number of bits.

Topic: Cellular Automata and Applications
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Raw Materials, Processing Activities, and Protectionism

A country's export sector may encompass a raw material, as well as a final commodity that processes that raw material. A general equilibrium model is developed in a competitive setting to analyze a nation's optimal strategy in restricting raw materials exports when allowance is made for potential beneficial effects on the export price of processed goods. When faced with a foreign tariff on exports of the processed commodity, a country's optimal response could entail an easing of raw materials export constraints instead of retaliation. Illustrations are provided of the 1986 American tariff on Canadian exports of cedar shakes and shingles.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence as a Teacher’s Partner in Islamic Religious Education Learning

The rapid advancement of AI has transformed various sectors, including education. In Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam / PAI), AI has the potential to enhance effectiveness and inclusiveness through personalized learning, task automation, and active interaction. However, challenges such as low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, and ethical issues remain obstacles. This study aims to examine the role of AI as a teacher’s partner in Islamic Religious Education and to analyze its opportunities and challenges. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs a literature review method by analyzing previous studies and relevant sources on AI implementation in education, particularly in the PAI context. The findings indicate that AI can support teachers by automating assessments, providing adaptive learning content, and facilitating immersive learning experiences through virtual and augmented reality. However, effective implementation requires digital literacy training for educators, improved infrastructure, and the development of ethical policies. These findings highlight the need for collaboration among governments, educational institutions, and technology developers to ensure AI integration aligns with Islamic values and enhances both cognitive and character development in students.

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Observation of dark photovoltaic spatial solitons

We report on the observation of planar dark spatial solitons due to the bulk photovoltaic effect in lithium niobate, with intensities of the order of 10 W/cm2 and widths of approximately 20 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Photovoltaic solitons display a characteristic tensorial dependence on their direction of propagation, on their polarization, and on the orientation of the amplitude profile, with respect to the principal axes of the crystalline medium. The index perturbation associated with a dark soliton persists in the dark, and it can trap and guide a second beam.

Topic: Nonlinear Photonic Systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An M2M-Based Bus Information System Design and Implementation

With the rapid development of urbanization and mechanization, the contradictions of supply-demand imbalance of urban traffic is increasingly intensifying, particularly the bus supplydemand relationship, which brings about urban problems directly and restricts the socio-economic development.In this paper, a comprehensive systematic analysis on shortcomings of China's existing public transport system was carried out through the public transportation in Hangzhou, then an M2M-based bus information system model was put forward, and the key theory as well as the implementation technology.With the same amount of buses, the proposed M2M-based bus information system can improve people's travel comfort and balance the degree of crowdedness in buses.Except for the urban traffic coordination, it can achieve large-scale flow of passengers in Hangzhou, especially during the rush hours, showing an obvious time and spatial effect, lower the operation cost of urban traffic and cut travel time of passengers.The comprehensive bus coordination system of Hangzhou was discussed through the GPS real-time monitoring of bus information, data processing and the application of bus scheduling information at any time of the vehicle-mounted mobile display device.Corresponding solutions and implementation cases were provided in this paper.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Ambient Flow Velocity on the Evaporation Rate Constant of Free Falling Droplets.

An experimental study has been performed to obtain the effect of relative velocity between droplet and ambient flow on the evaporation rate constant of a nheptane free droplet of 180 μm in diameter flying in a hot and normal pressure air flow. Measurements of droplet diameter and velocity were conducted in a series of time elapsed by an electrically controlled optical system. From the experimental results, an empirical equation associated with the relation between evaporation rate constant and relative velocity was obtained.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Native American cancer programs

During the Sixth Biennial Symposium on Minorities, the Medically Underserved and Cancer held April, 1997 in Washington, D.C., multiple presentations were included that highlighted American Indian and Alaska Native cancer issues. The focus of this paper is on recommendations for subsequent cancer prevention and control research and service projects that were presented during the symposium. There continues to be a need for increased support for community-driven and community-based interventions, greater utilization and visibility of cancer survivors within interventions, culturally competent navigator programs, culturally relevant cancer patient-support programs, a registry that collects Native-American cancer data to assist learning about cancer patterns among indigenous populations, improved access to state-of-the-art treatment services, racially accurate databases that are relevant to diverse geographic regions, research of disproportionate cancer sites among specific subpopulations, and culturally relevant interventions that may increase the survival of Native-American cancer patients. Research funding priorities must include special initiatives for medically underserved populations, and grant review panels need to use caution with regard to when and how they implement cost effectiveness as a review criterion. Support for culturally competent cancer prevention and control research and service projects targeted for the medically underserved is needed. Cancer 1998;83:1849-1855. © 1998 American Cancer Society.

Topic: Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using gradient boosting trees to predict the costs of forwarding contracts

When selling goods abroad or bringing them into the country from foreign partners, we face the problem of delivery.The division of responsibilities related to this between the manufacturer and the recipient sometimes varies.In such a situation, it is reasonable to use the services of a forwarding company.Then a forwarding contract is concluded, which specifies the details of the service, but the most important issue remains the selection of its price.In this paper, we present results obtained using the LightGBM method on the forwarding contracts pricing challenge held as part of the FedCSIS 2022 conference.

Topic: Transport and Economic Policies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance in the Service Industry in United States

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of digital transformation on firm performance in the service industry in the United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The adoption of digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence has led to improved operational efficiency, enhanced customer experiences, and increased competitive advantage for service firms. These advancements have enabled firms to streamline processes, personalize services, and optimize resource allocation, thereby driving revenue growth and profitability. Moreover, digital transformation has facilitated greater agility and innovation, allowing firms to adapt to changing market dynamics and capitalize on emerging opportunities. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and workforce skill gaps remain pertinent, highlighting the importance of strategic planning and investment in digital capabilities. Overall, the findings underscore the transformative power of digital technologies in shaping the performance and competitiveness of service firms in the United States. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view theory, institutional theory and dynamic capabilities theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of digital transformation on firm performance in the service industry in the United States. Service firms should prioritize fostering a culture of innovation to support digital transformation initiatives effectively. Policymakers should work on creating supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage innovation and investment in digital technologies within the service industry.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dreamers as agents making strategizing efforts exemplify core aggregate of executive function in non-lucid dreaming

The study of higher-order cognition in dreaming was guided by the question “What are the scope and purpose of thinking/strategizing efforts as one of three previously identified direct mental problem-solving modalities (Kozmová, 2008; 2012) that some dreamers are capable of using to resolve the novelties of felt-need situations encountered during non-lucid dreaming?” The research utilized previously articulated thought processes of a multilayered nocturnal problem-solving phenomenon that emerged from analysis of archived cross-cultural dreams (Kozmová, 2008). The results, in the form of taxonomy of delimited higher-order thought executive processes analyzed by the method of grounded theory, describe core aggregate of executive function that consists of eight types of executive thought processes: (a) analytical, (b) decision-making, (c) defense mechanisms, (d) evaluative, (e) goal-oriented/goal-directed, (f) interpretative, (g) motivational, and (h) self-determinative. The subsequent substantive grounded theory proposes four purposes for dreamers’ demonstration of strategizing efforts within the scope of higher-order cognitive skills: (a) information gathering; (b) judgment; (c) protection and maximizing chances for success; and (d) exercising volition, agency, and autonomy. The future application of core aggregate of executive function in non-lucid dreaming includes research of neural correlates that could support this function during sleep.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
HCI Graduate Education in a Traditional Computer Science Department

There are now several serious graduate programs dedicated to the training of professionals in Human Computer Interaction (HCI), and this is attracting considerable attention in the community. Yet HCI professors at most institutions are still limited to do this training within the constraints of a traditional department and program. In this paper, I discuss the issues that I and others encountered while creating an HCI program within a traditional computer science department, and my solutions to them. Author Keywords

Topic: Usability and User Interface Design
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences