jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of The Antidepressant Venlafaxine on The Expression of Peroxiredoxin-3 and Peroxiredoxin-5 Against LPS-induced Oxidative Stress in SHSY-5Y Neurons.

The main objective of this study was to examine the potential neuroprotective properties of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class. Furthermore, it provides a novel insight into how venlafaxine might interact with peroxiredoxin-3 and -5 enzymes (PRDX-3 and PRDX-5), pivotal cellular antioxidant defence system components. For this purpose, human neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) cells were pretreated with venlafaxine (0-100 µM) for 12 h, followed by a 4 h LPS exposure (1 µg/mL) to induce oxidative stress. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and ROS generation was assessed by DCFH-DA assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 were determined by immunoblotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the venlafaxine pre-treatment led to a notable reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation induced by LPS when compared to the control group (p&lt; 0.05). In the same manner, it was observed that venlafaxine pre-treatment altered LPS-induced PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 expression in neuronal cells (p&lt; 0.05). Our findings indicate the involvement of multifunctional PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 enzymes in the antioxidant effect of venlafaxine and suggest that further investigations into this pathway could provide valuable therapeutic contributions.

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Beyond Individual Accountability: The Meaning of State Responsibility

The essence of human rights is to protect individuals, and two different approaches have evolved to accomplish this. The first involves holding individuals criminally accountable for directing and/or carrying out violations of international humanitarian law and human rights standards. Certainly, the Nuremberg and Tokyo proceedings against a select group of political, military, and economic leaders from Germany and Japan remain the high-water mark of establishing individual accountability, yet in the past decade or so the animating spirit of these trials has been revived. One of the most noteworthy achievements in this realm was the worldwide effort to extradite the former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet to Spain so that he could face charges for international crimes committed under his rule. Beyond this, the International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) have both made significant contributions in terms of prosecuting and punishing war criminals, as have the special UN tribunals in East Timor, Sierra Leone, and Cambodia. But certainly the most noteworthy institutional achievement has been the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC). What explains this attention to individual accountability? Perhaps the best answer was provided by the Nuremberg court (1946) itself and repeated frequently since then: 'Crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced.'KeywordsState ResponsibilityInternational Criminal CourtEuropean ConventionJudicial ReviewIndividual AccountabilityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Extraction of Protein from Human Nails and Pteparation of Nail Protein Films

毛髪および羊毛からのタンパク質抽出に有効な信大法をヒト爪に適用した. この結果, 従来法と比べ, 信大法を用いた場合の抽出タンパク質量は約2.5倍多かった. また, 毛髪, 羊毛と比べ, 抽出標品は, ハードケラチンやマトリヅクスタンパク質に加え, 爪の特性であるソフトケラチンを含んでいた. 爪ケラチンおよびマトリックスタンパク質にリン酸化分子種が含まれていることから, 翻訳後の修飾が強く示唆された. 毛髪タンパク質溶液からフィルムヘ簡便に変換するブレキャスト法, ポストキャスト法, ソフトポストキャスト法を爪タンパク質に適用したところ, すべての方法でフィルム形成が見られ, 70～90%の高い割合で回収された. フィルムはハードケラチンを主成分とし, ソフトケラチン, マトリックスタンパク質を含んでいた. タンパク質溶液からフィルムヘ1分以内の短時間で形成されるプレキャスト法およびポストキャスト法で得られたフィルムは白色で不透明性であったが, 一方, 形成に5～40分ぐらい必要なポストキャスト法 (pH5) とソフトーポストキャスト法で得られたフィルムは半透明性を示した. SEM観察から, 半透明性のフィルムは不透明のフィルムよりもその表面が滑らかであった. これら半透明性のフィルムは, 270～295nmに吸収をもつことから, 新規のUVケア機能をもつ製品へ期待される.

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Object Tracking and Suspicious Activity Identification during Occlusion

Rising criminal activities and demand of robust security solutions, detection and tracking of every minute detail of suspicious activity or object has become a topic of interest for researchers all around the world.In this paper, we propose an approach based on Digital Image and Video processing to detect and track the motion of multiple objects during the phenomenon of occlusion and activate an alert if an object is dropped for a long period of time in the region of concentration of camera.The proposed method can be utilized in video surveillance system and the method has been verified through extensive experimentation for multiple video.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A RECOMBINANT AVIAN ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS AS A VECTOR FOR INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VACCINATION.

Infectious bursal disease is a worldwide distributed immunosuppressive disease of young chickens that need to be controlled by vaccination; it represents one of the main concerns for the poultry industry. The adeno-associated viruses are non-pathogenic viruses, capable of accommodating relatively long pieces of DNA, and of infecting a wide variety of cell types. A member of this family, the avian adeno-associated virus has been fully characterized and successfully used for gene delivery in chicken embryo tissues and cells. In this study, it was demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunocitochemistry the feasibility of generating recombinant avian adeno-associated virus (rAAAV) virions expressing the immunogenic viral protein 2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Serological evidence of VP2 protein expression measured as IBDV specific antibody response after in ovo or intramuscular inoculation of the recombinant virus in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens was observed. The use of rAAAV virions for gene delivery in poultry is a promising approach to poultry vaccination.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
IMG-08. SYNTHESIZING MISSING MRI SEQUENCES IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS USING GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS; TOWARDS IMPROVED VOLUMETRIC TUMOR ASSESSMENT

Abstract BACKGROUND Standard MRI sequences, such as pre- and post-contrast T1w, T2w, and FLAIR images, are essential for optimizing segmentation of tumor subregions and evaluating treatment responses in pediatric brain tumors (PBTs). However, MRI sets are often incomplete due to imaging artifacts or inconsistent acquisition protocols across various centers. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been effectively utilized to generate missing MRI sequences for adult brain tumors. This study applies image-to-image translation models using GANs to synthesize missing FLAIR images from T2w images in PBTs. METHODS This retrospective study developed two GAN models, pix2pix in both 2D and 3D, trained and validated on T2w and FLAIR image pairs from 79 and 19 patients, respectively, with pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas (diffuse midline glioma (DMG) including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)), collected from the Children’s Brain Tumor Network (CBTN). The 2D pix2pix model processes each T2w MRI volume slice-by-slice, generating corresponding FLAIR slices to reconstruct the complete image volume. The 3D pix2pix model allows translation of 3D FLAIR volumes directly from T2w volumes without the need for individual slice processing and reconstruction. The quality of the generated FLAIR volumes was evaluated using Structural Similarity Index (SSI; best closer to 1) and Mean Squared Error (MSE; best near 0) on the validation set. RESULTS The 2D and 3D models achieved robust performance with median SSI, MSE of 0.88, 0.004, and 0.92, 0.002, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The GAN models developed in this study effectively generate missing FLAIR MRI volumes from corresponding T2w images in PBTs. The 3D model, outperforming 2D, speeds the overall processing pipeline by eliminating volume slicing and reconstruction. Future work includes assessing the impact of these synthesized images on the accuracy of our pretrained autosegmentation models in differentiating tumor subregions and measuring tumor volumes in longitudinal MRIs.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A comparative study on the persistence and viability of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron variant on artificially contaminated surfaces: the role of fomites

Indirect transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been investigated but it is still not completely understood. The present study aimed to compare the persistence and viability of the lineage B.1 and omicron BA.1 subvariant in five daily-use materials to evaluate the role of fomites as a possible source of infection. Artificial contamination was performed in the first set of materials, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cardboard, polystyrene, aluminium, and plastic. Further surfaces using BA.1 (glass, plexiglass, cotton, polyester, and tetrapak) were conducted. The persistence, viability of Vero E6 cell cultures and the residual infectivity of the two lineages were evaluated over 5 days. The results showed different stabilities between the tested matrices. In cotton and polyester, the RNA was undetectable in 24 and 48h post-contamination (p.c.), respectively, and the virus was not viable within 30 min, while in the other surfaces, both lineages, RNA was detectable until 120h p.c. A rapid decay of the viral load was revealed on cardboard, mostly for the omicron variant. Furthermore, on all the materials, longer stability of BA.1 was demonstrated, but showing a less intense CPE than the wild-type. EVA was the material that was able to better sustain virus stability as the virus developed CPE up to 72h p.c. In conclusion, the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 through fomites is conceivable, albeit it is difficult to establish the real capacity to infect people. Nevertheless, thise information is fundamental to adopting the appropriate measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Isomonodromic Laplace transform with coalescing eigenvalues and confluence of Fuchsian singularities

Abstract We consider a Pfaffian system expressing isomonodromy of an irregular system of Okubo type, depending on complex deformation parameters $$u=(u_1,\ldots ,u_n)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>…</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> , which are eigenvalues of the leading matrix at the irregular singularity. At the same time, we consider a Pfaffian system of non-normalized Schlesinger-type expressing isomonodromy of a Fuchsian system, whose poles are the deformation parameters $$u_1,\ldots ,u_n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo>…</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> . The parameters vary in a polydisc containing a coalescence locus for the eigenvalues of the leading matrix of the irregular system, corresponding to confluence of the Fuchsian singularities . We construct isomonodromic selected and singular vector solutions of the Fuchsian Pfaffian system together with their isomonodromic connection coefficients , so extending a result of Balser et al. (I SIAM J Math Anal 12(5): 691–721, 1981) and Guzzetti (Funkcial Ekvac 59(3): 383–433, 2016) to the isomonodromic case, including confluence of singularities. Then, we introduce an isomonodromic Laplace transform of the selected and singular vector solutions, allowing to obtain isomonodromic fundamental solutions for the irregular system, and their Stokes matrices expressed in terms of connection coefficients. These facts, in addition to extending (Balser et al. in I SIAM J Math Anal 12(5): 691–721, 1981; Guzzetti in Funkcial Ekvac 59(3): 383–433, 2016) to the isomonodromic case (with coalescences/confluences), allow to prove by means of Laplace transform the main result of Cotti et al. (Duke Math J arXiv:1706.04808 , 2017), namely the analytic theory of non-generic isomonodromic deformations of the irregular system with coalescing eigenvalues.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE Activity ex vivo of cytotox c r

and the intention of treatment was palliative. However, ag-gressive cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by intraperito-chemotherapy [8,9]. In PC from colorectal cancer (CRC), the role of IPC when added to CRS has not been elucidated Cashin et al. BMC Cancer 2013, 13:435

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1032897: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proprioception sense in lymphedema affected upper limb.

This study aimed to provide information on proprioception alterations in lymphedema-affected limbs. Blindfolded subjects sat at a table with their forearms positioned on paddles. The hinges of the paddles were aligned with the elbow joint and an electronic goniometer was positioned to measure the angle of the forearm. Paddles were moved by an electric servomotor with a slow angular speed that was barely appreciated by the subjects. Subjects were then asked to guess the position of the affected arm in comparison with the unaffected arm to study the position sense of the lymphedema-affected arm. The study investigated 50 women affected by secondary upper limb lymphedema by measuring the difference in terms of degrees of arch of movement in comparison with the unaffected arm and also both duration of lymphedema and the circumference of the forearm. Results were matched with a control group of 50 unaffected women providing proof of compromised proprioception in lymphedema-affected arms. In addition, results also showed a correlation with duration of lymphedema but not with size (stage) of the lymphedematous arm.

Topic: Lymphatic System and Diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Minimal residual disease monitoring in childhood B lymphoblastic leukemia with t(12;21)(p13;q22);<i><scp>ETV</scp>6–<scp>RUNX</scp>1</i>: concordant results using quantitation of fusion transcript and flow cytometry

Summary Introduction The translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22) resulting in the fusion gene ETV 6– RUNX 1 , is the most frequent gene fusion in childhood B lymphoblastic leukemia. In the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL ‐2008 treatment protocol, treatment stratification in B‐lineage ALL is based on results of minimal residual disease ( MRD ) analysis with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting ( FACS ). In this study, we determined whether RT ‐ qPCR of the ETV 6– RUNX 1 fusion transcript can be a reliable alternative for MRD analysis. Methods Seventy‐eight bone marrow samples from 29 children at diagnosis and day 15, 29, and 78 during treatment were analyzed for MRD with FACS and with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ qPCR ). Fusion transcript MRD was defined as the ETV 6– RUNX 1/ GUSB ratio at the follow‐up time point (day 15/29/78) divided with the ETV 6– RUNX 1/ GUSB ratio at diagnosis (%). Results MRD analysis with FACS and with RT ‐ qPCR of ETV 6– RUNX 1 fusion transcript showed strong correlation. All cases showed concordant results at the treatment stratifying time points day 29 and day 78, when comparing the two methods with a cutoff set to 0.1%. Conclusion RT ‐ qPCR is a valuable addition and could also be an alternative to FACS in cases where FACS is not achievable for MRD analysis.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 2553: Effect of Pre-Transplant Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Pediatric Heart Transplantation Outcomes: An Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database

Introduction : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as salvage therapy in children with intractable heart failure as a bridge to transplantation, but outcomes have not been examined in a large pediatric transplant database. Methods : All pediatric (&lt;18 years of age) primary heart transplant recipients reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing database from 1999 –2007 were reviewed and segregated according to need for pre-transplant ECMO. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method before and after propensity match analysis. Propensity-adjusted Cox regression modeling was used to identify predictors of mortality. Results : During the study period, 2141 children underwent first time heart transplantation: 154 (7%) were on ECMO. On univariate analysis, children bridged to heart transplant with ECMO had lower weight at operation (15 vs 27 kg; p &lt;0.0001), shorter time on the organ waitlist (31 vs 92 days; p =0.0002), longer post-transplant length of stay (40 vs 24 days; p &lt;0.0001), and higher incidence of stroke (5% vs 2%, p =0.02), reoperation (16% vs 8%; p =0.002), and infection (50% vs 25%; p &lt;0.0001). Kaplan-Meier 5-year survival was inferior for the pre-transplant ECMO group (55% vs 73%) (Figure ), both before and after propensity matching ( p &lt;0.0001). After propensity score adjustment, pre-transplant ECMO was a significant predictor of mortality (HR 2.7; 95% CI 1.8 – 4.1; p &lt;0.001). Conclusion : Patients on ECMO before heart transplant have inferior outcomes, even after adjustment for propensity scores, but still have acceptable 5-year survival. Improvement in survival will likely require refinement in mechanical support technology and practice. Kaplan -Meler Estimates of Morality 1999–2007 Stratified by ECMO

Topic: Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What do 1000 smokers with mental illness say about their tobacco use?

Objective: To determine what motivates smokers with mental illness to participate in a smoking cessation or reduction programme and to report their attendance and cessation rates. Method: A group programme was provided to assist smokers with mental illness to cease or reduce their use of tobacco. People who registered to address their tobacco use completed a questionnaire which included information about their mental health, tobacco use, and what they wanted to achieve by attending the programme. Results: A total of 1043 smokers living with mental illness contacted the programme and asked for help to address their tobacco use between 2000 and 2011. At the first contact they were smoking an average of 27.4 cigarettes per day and had been smoking for 23.8 years, and 87% said they wanted to quit tobacco and a further 10% wanted to smoke less: 85% said they were concerned about the effect that smoking tobacco was having on their health, 56% were concerned for financial reasons, and nearly half (47.6%) said that they were concerned about both their physical health and their financial situation. In Adelaide, 148 Tobacco Free programmes were provided by mental health services. Of those who attended at least one session and completed an evaluation at the end of the programme, 22.5% reported not smoking. Most remained motivated to continue to address their tobacco use and many registered for a further programme. Conclusions: Many smokers living with serious mental illness are concerned about the impact of tobacco use on their health and finances and are motivated to address it. Group treatment programmes specifically designed for these people can achieve good cessation rates and should be readily accessible to all smokers with mental illness.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 235897: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Light-Induced Modification of the FMR Spectra of a Bismuth-Substituted Yttrium Ferrite Garnet Film

A modification of the low-field ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of an easy-plane BiY2Fe4.4Sc0.6O12 film under irradiation with linearly polarized light with a wavelength of 680 nm at room temperature is experimentally detected. It is shown that the photoinduced change in the magnetic anisotropy is not related to thermal effects and it leads to a shift of the FMR frequency. A photoinduced decrease in the magnetoelastic coupling is indicated by a decrease in the depth of dips in the FMR spectra at frequencies corresponding to the resonance of transverse modes of elastic vibrations over the thickness of the epitaxial structure. The observed effects are due to a change in the populations of the energy levels of photoactive centers in the impurity magnet. It has been shown that the contribution to the photoinduced shift of the FMR frequency that depends on the direction of light polarization is an order of magnitude smaller than the main contribution that does not depend on the direction of polarization. The dependence of the FMR frequency on the direction of the electric field vector of the light wave is due to the nonlinear interaction of light and magnetization, which is described by the fourth-rank material tensor.

Topic: Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences