jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the plasma level of arginase and rhodanese in smokers and non-smokers.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the activities of arginase and rhodanese in the blood plasma of cigarette smokers and non-smokers.The activity of arginase in the blood plasma of smokers was higher than arginase activity in the non-smokers (NS), however,in the smokers with diseases (SWD), the increase was significant. The comparison between the activity of rhodanese in the SWD, smokers without diseases (SWOD) and NS blood plasma revealed a decrease in the activity of rhodanese in NS and no significant difference in the three groups with P=0.8677. This paper reported the enhancing effect of cigarette smoking could have on the disease state of smokers due to high arginase activity.

Topic: Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Columbus Challenger v6.i5 June 21st 1969

The Columbus Challenger was an African American newspaper published between 1963-1971. The paper largely focused on political issues of the day and served as an Op-Ed paper rather than a daily account of news stories that happened in the community.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplier selection based on scatter-degree&amp;#x2014;Extension theory

According to practical needs of supplier selection in the supply chain, this paper uses matter-element model, theory of extension set and scatter-degree to establish dependent function and extension judgement model reflecting the inherent laws of supplier selection, and verifies the validity of the model by example.

Topic: Evaluation and Optimization Models
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Centro de atención de la salud mental comunitario + hogar protegido en nuevo chimbote - ancash

In the present investigation it starts from an urban analysis and diagnosis of the&#13;\nterritory of Nuevo Chimbote concluding in an architectural proposal, giving solution&#13;\nto a social problem that is mental health, at present the services provided in this&#13;\nsector are limited since there is no infrastructure focused on the subject, in such a&#13;\nway it becomes a necessity that needs to be covered to control the high numbers of&#13;\npeople with mental health problems. It is remarkable how this issue is not prioritized&#13;\nby governments despite its importance and the impact it has on society. &#13;\n &#13;\nThe structure of the research is through chapters that contains theoretical&#13;\nframework, methodology, location and programmatic research through qualitative&#13;\nand quantitative data, resulting in the design of the architectural project according to&#13;\nthe needs of the target user, this is based on the requirements of the new model of&#13;\ncommunity mental health care focused on environments that seek patient care,&#13;\nrehabilitation and reintegration. On the other hand, it is important to provide a&#13;\ncomplementary service to people in street situations that support these people to be&#13;\nintegrated with the population. It will be based on 3 elements: nature, integration,&#13;\ninfrastructure, that through a balance generate an environment of comfort and&#13;\nimprovement of the patient.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets. III

1. An experiment on pullets combining daily calcium and phosphorus balance determinations with carcass analyses is described. 2. It is shown that fat content of pullets is affected by the calcium content of the ration. The fat content was higher on a low calcium ration than on a high calcium ration. 3. The CaO content of pullets was raised considerably by feeding a high calcium ration before laying. This CaO must have been stored in the bones, which contained between 97·2 and 98·7% of all the CaO in the body. 4. The experiment suggests that pullets may use up to about one-quarter of their body calcium at the outset of laying for purposes of shell formation. 5. The composition of the inorganic material of the skeleton of pullets may be modified by alterations in their mineral metabolism due to egg production on diets with and without a calcium carbonate supplement. The nature of these modifications and their relationship to calcium metabolism during laying is discussed.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection Conditions for Interaction between Gonyautoxin and Its Aptamer

This study aimed to optimize the detection conditions for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in four different buffers and explore the interaction between gonyautoxin (GTX1/4) and its aptamer, GO18. The influence of the silver colloid solution and MgSO4 concentration (0.01 M) added under four different buffered conditions on DNA SERS detection was studied to determine the optimum detection conditions. We explored the interaction between GTX1/4 and GO18 under the same conditions as those in the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technique, using Tris-HCl as the buffer. The characteristic peaks of GO18 and its G-quadruplex were detected in four different buffer solutions. The change in peak intensity at 1656 cm−1 confirmed that the binding site between GTX1/4 and GO18 was in the G-quadruplex plane. The relative intensity of the peak at 1656 cm−1 was selected for the GTX1/4–GO18 complex (I1656/I1099) to plot the ratio of GTX1/4 in the Tris-HCl buffer condition (including 30 μL of silver colloid solution and 2 μL of MgSO4), and a linear relationship was obtained as follows: Y = 0.1867X + 1.2205 (R2 = 0.9239). This study provides a basis for subsequent application of SERS in the detection of ssDNA, as well as the binding of small toxins and aptamers.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolution of Yeast Cell Surface Engineering

酵母にとって細胞表層は，生命維持に必要な要素を閉じ込めて自己と他者を隔てる境界面であると同時に，自己が外界の環境や他者と相互作用するための重要なインターフェイスでもある。そのため，細胞表層の機能性を操作し，外界との相互作用を自在にデザインできるようになれば，酵母細胞を物質生産や医療など様々な分野で活用することが可能になると期待される。本総説では，酵母の細胞表層の機能性を操作するための有望なツールである細胞表層工学（cell surface engineering）技術の概要と各分野における応用，およびその技術改良に関する近年の研究事例について概説する。

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHANNEL CHANGES IN YOSASA-RIVER BY NASU FLOOD; AUGUST 1998

Yosasa-river of northern Totigi located eastern part of Japan suffered the biggest flood disaster by the strong rain fall, August 26, 1998. The natural bank of Yosasa-river has special characteristics for lateral erosion, and therefore, such peerless phenomena occurred, that floodwater seriously broke down the river banks and the width of channel became three to five times as wide as the original width. Moreover, some new channels were formed. On these occasions many sands, gravels and trees were yielded and flowed out.In this paper, some characteristics of channel changes and their causes in Yosasa-river were discussed basing on the results of field survey.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An online survey of education, knowledge and attitude toward homosexuality in adults

Background: People across cultures have negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward homosexuality for many years. The concept is changing, and recently in India, the Supreme Court has decriminalized homosexuality and recognized it as natural, with people having no control over it. This study aims to find out if there is any change in knowledge and attitude toward homosexuality in the Indian adult population after the landmark judgment. Methods: The study was designed as an online survey using snowball sampling incorporating the questions from Sex Education, Knowledge about homosexuality questionnaire (SEKHQ), Attitudes toward Homosexuality Questionnaire (AHQ) and relevant sociodemographic details and the data were collected using google form for 3 months. Results: Six hundred and forty-three people over the age of 18 years participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 29.12 years. The mean score on SEKHQ was 16.18 ± 4.71, with a median score of 16. The mean score on the “Attitudes toward Homosexuals” questionnaire (AHQ) was 54.04 ± 8.43. On Pearson's correlation test, age of the participants is positively correlated with SEKHQ score (r = 0.014; P = 0.71 at 95% confidence interval and AHQ score (r = 0.151; P ≤ 0.001 at 95% CI) while SEKHQ score is negatively correlated with AHQ score (r = −0.20; P ≤ 0.001 at 95% CI). Conclusion: The participants had better knowledge and positive attitudes towards homosexuality, especially being single, student and from a medical background. The study showed that higher knowledge on SEKHQ scores did not reflect the positive attitudinal change with increasing age. Generation gap exists and explains the open and diverse attitude of the younger generation toward this marginalized population. More large scale studies in the community setting are needed not only to evaluate but also to educate and improve the attitudes of people toward homosexuality.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Antiprotozoal activity of synthetic amino substituted 1-methyl-1 H-alpha-carbolines.

The antiprotozoal properties of a series of amino substituted 1-methyl-1 H-alpha-carbolines were investigated in a broad panel of parasites. Various substituents were systematically introduced at various positions on the carbocyclic ring of the parent 1-methyl-1 H-alpha-carboline. Most compounds showed a potent antiprotozoal activity, although mostly accompanied by cytotoxicity on MRC-5 cells. One compound, containing the same amino-substitution as chloroquine, showed an IC50 against Plasmodium falciparum of 2.37 microM and was reasonably selective.

Topic: Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biological Properties of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Like Toxin Type R

ABSTRACT We investigated the biological properties of a novel staphylococcal enterotoxin-like putative toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin type R (SElR). Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules were required for T-cell stimulation by SElR. SElR stimulated T cells bearing receptors Vβ 3, 11, 12, 13.2, and 14. These results suggested that SElR acts as a superantigen.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Headaches and their relationship to sleep.

Despite the complex influences of normal sleep physiology and sleep disorders on the development or presentation of headache, it is important to recognize and understand these relationships. Successful outcomes depend on the provision of treatment interventions specifically directed toward each condition. Nocturnal or early morning headaches that are associated with OSA are often eradicated after the sleep disorder is successfully managed with CPAP, oral appliances, or surgery. Substantial improvement in headache can also result from the successful management of other sleep disorders that may incite headaches such as heavy snoring, PLMS, or the various forms of insomnia. To improve headache patterns associated with bruxism and TMD, it is often necessary to formulate a multidisciplinary treatment approach that combines oral appliance therapy, stress management, biofeedback, oromandibular physical therapy, and, at times, pharmacologic treatment (i.e., tricyclic antidepressant, intramuscular botulinum toxin injections). There are still many gaps in the understanding of the interrelationships of sleep physiology and headache pathophysiology. More well-designed clinical trials are needed so that enough data can be amassed for the formulation of evidence-based guidelines or consensus statements that can better delineate the identification, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of sleep-related headache disorders and headaches that develop as a consequence of disordered sleep.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1661144.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lipid-Lowering Therapy Use and Intensification Among United States Veterans Following Myocardial Infarction or Coronary Revascularization Between 2015 and 2019

Background: Understanding how statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9i (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease inhibitors) are prescribed after a myocardial infarction (MI) or elective coronary revascularization may improve lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) intensification and reduce recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. We described the use and intensification of LLT among US veterans who had a MI or elective coronary revascularization between July 24, 2015, and December 9, 2019, within 12 months of hospital discharge. Methods: LLT intensification was defined as increasing statin dose, or initiating a statin, ezetimibe, or a PCSK9i, overall and among those with an LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) ≥ 70 or 100 mg/dL. Poisson regression was used to determine patient characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of LLT intensification following hospitalization for MI or elective coronary revascularization. Results: Among 81 372 index events (mean age, 69.0 years, 2.3% female, mean LDL-C 89.6 mg/dL, 33.8% with LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL), 39.7% were not taking any LLT, and 22.0%, 37.2%, and 0.6% were taking a low-moderate intensity statin, a high-intensity statin, and ezetimibe, respectively, before MI/coronary revascularization during the study period. Within 14 days, 3 months, and 12 months posthospitalization, 33.3%, 41.9%, and 47.3%, respectively, of veterans received LLT intensification. LLT intensification was most common among veterans taking no LLT (82.5%, n=26 637) before MI/coronary revascularization. Higher baseline LDL-C, having a lipid test, and attending a cardiology visit were each associated with a greater likelihood of LLT intensification, while age ≥ 75 versus &lt;65 years was associated with a lower likelihood of LLT intensification within 12 months posthospitalization. Conclusions: Less than half of veterans received LLT intensification in the year after MI or coronary revascularization suggesting a missed opportunity to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimation of Bias in Proteome Research

This chapter focuses on statistical analysis of large-scale yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments compared with the data on protein-protein interactions obtained by single Y2H experiments in traditional laboratory setups. Reports on protein-protein interactions from large-scale experiments differ qualitatively from results obtained in traditional setups. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies and estimate the possible fraction of false-positive protein-protein interaction reports in the large-scale datasets.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Actionable genomic landscapes from a real-world cohort of localized urothelial carcinoma patients.

525 Background: Recent targeted therapies for advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer have generated enthusiasm, but the actionable genomic landscape of early-stage disease remains largely unknown. Here, we used real-world evidence to investigate differences between somatic and germline mutations in localized, early-stage urothelial cancers and advanced urothelial cancers. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed de-identified NGS data from 1,146 bladder cancer patients (stages I-IV) with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies sequenced using the Tempus|xT solid tumor assay (DNA-seq of 595-648 genes at 500x coverage; whole-exome capture RNA-seq). For the subset of patients with tumor-normal match sequencing (n=758), additional incidental germline alterations in 46 different genes were assessed. Results: A total of 1,146 bladder cancer tumors were investigated: stage I-II (n=124), stage III (n=159), and stage IV (n=863)—summarized in Table. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated for 1,126 tumors, and TMB-high (TMB-H; ≥10 mutations per megabase) was similar across tumor stages. PD-L1 immunohistochemical staining was performed on 698 tumors, and no significant differences were observed. Microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) status was detected in only 2 (1.6%) stage I-II tumors and 8 (0.9%) stage IV tumors. Alterations—single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, and copy number variants—in FGFR2/3, homologous recombination repair genes (18 genes including BRCA1/2 and ATM), additional DNA repair gene mutations ( ERCC2, RB1, FANCC) and NTRK fusions were detected at similar frequencies across disease stages. In 758 patients with tumor/normal matched sequencing, we identified a low rate of incidental germline mutations in MUTYH (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 1.9%), BRCA2 (stages I-II, 1.2%; stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.5%), BRIP1 (stages I-II, 1.2%), ATM (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.7%), MSH6 (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.2%), and TP53 (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.2%). Conclusions: Patients with bladder cancer have similar rates of potentially actionable mutations and genomic landscapes regardless of clinical disease stage. These findings provide a rationale for further investigating targeted therapies among early-stage bladder cancer patients.[Table: see text]

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiproxy analysis (phytoliths, stable isotopes, and C/N) as indicators of paleoenvironmental changes in a Cerrado Site, Southern Brazil

Cerrado vegetation is associated with the semi-humid climate of the Central Brazil highlands.The presence of this vegetation in small and sparse areas in Paraná, Southern Brazil, can be associated with its past climate conditions.Paleoenvironmental changes of Cerrado vegetation in the Campo Mourão region (24º06'S -52º23'W) are discussed in this study.The environmental changes were characterized using proxy data that includes stable isotopes and phytolith analyses in peaty sediments.Two drill cores obtained in alluvial plains were analyzed.Results were compared with the isotopic record (δ¹³C) from a trench in the Cerrado Ecological Station.Based on the results, we can infer that in ~48,800±270 yrs BP, the vegetation was mainly composed of grasses and at ~42,280 cal yrs BP a wetter climate allowed the expansion of arboreal vegetation.During the Middle Holocene (~7280 cal yrs BP), a drier period is also reported.Current climatic conditions (wet) were established since ~3280 cal yrs BP, after which the data suggests the expansion of subtropical forests over the Cerrado.

Topic: Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Symmetry resolved entanglement entropy of excited states in a CFT

We report a throughout analysis of the entanglement entropies related to different symmetry sectors in the low-lying primary excited states of a conformal field theory (CFT) with an internal U(1) symmetry. Our findings extend recent results for the ground state. We derive a general expression for the charged moments, i.e. the generalised cumulant generating function, which can be written in terms of correlation functions of the operator that define the state through the CFT operator-state correspondence. We provide explicit analytic computations for the compact boson CFT (aka Luttinger liquid) for the vertex and derivative excitations. The Fourier transform of the charged moments gives the desired symmetry resolved entropies. At the leading order, they satisfy entanglement equipartition, as in the ground state, but we find, within CFT, subleading terms that break it. Our analytical findings are checked against free fermions calculations on a lattice, finding excellent agreement. As a byproduct, we have exact results for the full counting statistics of the U(1) charge in the considered excited states.

Topic: Quantum many-body systems
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Cholangiocarcinoma among printing workers].

By June 2013, seventeen workers had suffered from intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) in an offset proof-printing company in Osaka and nine of the workers had died. Ages at diagnosis were 25 to 45 years old. Known risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma were not found in the patients. All of the patients were exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane at high level for long-term and were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma 7 to 20 years after the first exposure. Twelve of the patients were also exposed to dichloromethane. The Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare recognized the cancer to be an occupational disease.

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences