jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crustal‐Scale Fault Interaction at Rifted Margins and the Formation of Domain‐Bounding Breakaway Complexes: Insights From Offshore Norway

Abstract The large‐magnitude faults that control crustal thinning and excision at rifted margins combine into laterally persistent structural boundaries that separate margin domains of contrasting morphology and structure. We term them breakaway complexes. At the Mid‐Norwegian margin, we identify five principal breakaway complexes that separate the proximal, necking, distal, and outer margin domains. Downdip and lateral interactions between the faults that constitute breakaway complexes became fundamental to the evolution of the 3‐D margin architecture. Different types of fault interaction are observed along and between these faults, but simple models for fault growth will not fully describe their evolution. These structures operate on the crustal scale, cut large thicknesses of heterogeneously layered lithosphere, and facilitate fundamental margin processes such as deformation coupling and exhumation. Variations in large‐magnitude fault geometry, erosional footwall incision, and subsequent differential subsidence along the main breakaway complexes likely record the variable efficiency of these processes.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ferroelectric HfO<sub>2</sub> Memory Transistors With High-<i>κ</i> Interfacial Layer and Write Endurance Exceeding 10<sup>10</sup> Cycles

We demonstrate ferroelectric (FE) memory transistors on a crystalline silicon channel with endurance exceeding 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cycles. The ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) incorporate a high- κ interfacial layer (IL) of thermally grown silicon nitride (SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) and a thin 4.5 nm layer of Zr-doped FE-HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO) on a ~30 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) channel. The device shows a ~1V memory window (MW) in a DC sweep of just ± 2.5V, and can be programmed and erased with voltage pulses of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> G</sub> = ± 3V at a pulse width of 250 ns. The device also shows very good retention behavior. These results indicate that appropriate engineering of the IL layer could substantially improve FeFET device performance and reliability.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract 229: A Critical Role of Group IV Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α in the Development of Ang II-induced Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

This study was conducted to determine the contribution of Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) in the development of angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension and associated pathophysiology. Eight week old male wild type (cPLA2α +/+ ) and cPLA2α knockout (cPLA2α -/- ) mice were infused with Ang II (750 ng/kg/min) or its vehicle for 2 weeks and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by the tail cuff method. Ang II increased SBP in cPLA2α +/+ mice to a greater degree than in cPLA2α -/- mice (125 ± 2 to 186 ± 7 mmHg vs. 125 ± 2 to 132 ± 2 mmHg respectively, P &lt; 0.05). The increase in SBP in Ang II infused cPLA2α +/+ mice was associated with cardiac hypertrophy, measured by heart to body weight ratio (5.0 ± 0.3 vehicle vs. 7.1 ± 0.4 Ang II, P &lt; 0.05), which was reduced by 26.0 ± 3.9 % (P &lt; 0.05) in cPLA2α -/- mice. Ang II caused cardiac fibrosis, as indicated by accumulation of intracardiac α-smooth muscle actin- and transforming growth factor-β-positive cells, and collagen deposition in cPLA2α +/+ but not cPLA2α -/- mice. Ang II infusion produced a maximal increase in the response of aortic rings to phenylephrine (2.5 ± 0.5 mN vehicle vs. 6.0 ± 0.7 mN Ang II, P &lt; 0.05) and endothelin-1 (5.1 ± 1.0 mN vehicle vs. 9.5 ± 1.0 Ang II, P &lt; 0.05), and caused endothelial dysfunction in cPLA2α +/+ mice as indicated by a decrease in maximal relaxation in response to acetylcholine (92.0 ± 2.3 % vehicle vs. 55.1 ± 5.7 % Ang II, P &lt; 0.05), measured by wire myograph. The vascular responses to PE and ET-1 were attenuated by 21.5 ± 8.5 % and 22.9 ± 11.4 %, respectively, and the relaxation to ACh increased by 36.9 ± 7.7 % (P &lt; 0.05) in Ang II treated cPLA2α -/- mice. Aortic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured by 2-hydroxyethidium fluorescence, was increased in Ang II treated cPLA2α +/+ mice (25.3 ± 1.6 AU vehicle vs. 49.5 ± 3.9 AU Ang II, P &lt; 0.05) but not cPLA2α -/- mice (22.7 ± 1.1 AU vehicle vs. 23.5 ± 1.2 AU Ang II, P &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that cPLA2α contributes to Ang II-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular pathophysiology, most likely due to release of arachidonic acid and activation of NADPH oxidase and generation of ROS. Thus, cPLA2α could serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension and cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Target Fragmentations in  p and Formulap Interactions and Quark-Diquark Structure of Proton

The target fragmentations in νp and νp interactions are investigated by the assumption of a quark-diquark structure of proton and a quark-diquark cascade model. It is shown that the diquark system left in target fragmentation region behaves like a mixing state of single object mode (diquark) and independent two-quark mode.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Addressing Nursing Scholarship: A Framework for Currency and Number of References

Background Timeliness and number of references in written work is often a topic of controversy. Decisions about choice of references become complex when there is little recent published information or a great deal of important historical work on a topic. Purpose The study aim was to develop a framework to guide authors to determine the number and currency of references to support their writing. Methods This study used a descriptive design with three steps: review of journal author information for guidance about reference currency (n = 247); correspondence with journal editors (n = 27); and a survey of nurse educators (n = 44) regarding currency and number of references in written assignments. Results Findings affirmed that recent literature is vital for nursing scholarship. Numerical guidelines offered were not based on identifiable consensus or rationale. Historical perspectives published over 5 or 10 years earlier are valued, even sometimes required. For a clinical paper, citation of the most current literature is viewed by editors and educators as essential, and may suffice. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study and our search of the literature, we developed three decision making algorithms for searching the literature and selecting references by currency and number.

Topic: Academic Writing and Publishing
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
EXTRACTING AND COMPARING PLACES USING GEO-SOCIAL MEDIA

Abstract. Increasing availability of Geo-Social Media (e.g. Facebook, Foursquare and Flickr) has led to the accumulation of large volumes of social media data. These data, especially geotagged ones, contain information about perception of and experiences in various environments. Harnessing these data can be used to provide a better understanding of the semantics of places. We are interested in the similarities or differences between different Geo-Social Media in the description of places. This extended abstract presents the results of a first step towards a more in-depth study of semantic similarity of places. Particularly, we took places extracted through spatio-temporal clustering from one data source (Twitter) and examined whether their structure is reflected semantically in another data set (Flickr). Based on that, we analyse how the semantic similarity between places varies over space and scale, and how Tobler's first law of geography holds with regards to scale and places.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Crystal Structures, Raman Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Properties of Ba<sub>7.5</sub>Al<sub>13</sub>Si<sub>29</sub> and Eu<sub>0.27</sub>Ba<sub>7.22</sub>Al<sub>13</sub>Si<sub>29</sub>.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Iron-based superconductors research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multifractals, Mumford curves and eternal inflation

We relate the Eternal Symmetree model of Harlow, Shenker, Stanford, and Susskind to constructions of stochastic processes related to quantum statistical mechanical systems on Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We extend the eternal inflation model from the Bruhat-Tits tree to quotients by p-adic Schottky groups, again using quantum statistical mechanics on graph algebras.

Topic: Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in germination behavior of wheat seeds exposed to magnetic field and magnetically structured water

2Plant Genetic Resources Programme, NARC, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan. 3 Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Peshawar, Pakistan. Accepted 23 January, 2012 To study the invigoration impact of magnetized seed and water on germination, wheat seeds with low viability (45%) were subjected to magnetization treatments. Seed and water was passed through specifically designed magnetic funnels. Comparison was made between treatments and control for seed germination (%), shoot and root length (cm) and their fresh and dry weight (g). Seed germination index (SGI) was also calculated and compared. Magnetized water (structured water) was more invigorative to seed germination with linearity to number of passing as compared to seed magnetization. A 13.3% increase in germination was observed as compared to control using magnetized water, whereas increase in germination was insignificant with the seed magnetization. The interaction exhibited no effect on germination. It was concluded that wheat seeds with low vigor can be invigorated with the use of magnetized water; whereas, the potential to use magnetized seed remain to be extensively studied on larger groups of crops/samples.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats

Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The utility of Lab-based research in understanding televisions changing landscape

The digital revolution is radically reshaping the advertising world by changing how consumers interact with media and advertising. Marketers are confronted with a staggering range of new advertising options emerging from the interplay of emerging new media channels and a world in which consumers are in charge. Choosing media and deciding how best to advertise is more complicated than ever.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe purpose of this conference was to draw together cutting edge academics and practitioners to explore what we have learned from current research on advertising. The empirical generalizations submitted for the conference will enable us to better predict the future through a deeper understanding of what has been seriously proven about advertising.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The link between the rights of residence and family reunification: C-451/11 (Natthaya Düger v. Wetteraukreis)

Reference for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 TFEU from the Verwaltungsgericht Giessen (Germany), made by decision of 11 August 2011, received at the Court on 1 September 2011 in order to interpret the first indent of the first paragraph of Article 7 of Decision No 1/80 of the Association Council of 19 September 1980 on the development of the Association (‘Decision No 1/80’).

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Wilson Dirac spectrum for QCD with dynamical quarks

All microscopic correlation functions of the spectrum of the Hermitian Wilson Dirac operator with any number of flavors with equal masses are computed. In particular, we give explicit results for the spectral density in the physical case with two light quark flavors. The results include the leading effect in the discretization error and are given for fixed index of the Wilson Dirac operator. They have been obtained starting from chiral Lagrangians for the generating function of the Dirac spectrum. Microscopic correlation functions of the real eigenvalues of the Wilson Dirac operator are computed following the same approach.

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ThymoSpheres culture: A model to study human polyclonal unconventional T cells

Abstract In vitro cultures remain crucial for studying the fundamental mechanisms of human T‐cell development. Here, we introduce a novel in vitro cultivation system based on ThymoSpheres (TS): dense spheroids consisting of DLL4‐expressing stromal cells and human hematopoietic precursor cells, in the absence of thymic epithelial cells. These spheroids are subsequently cultured at the air–liquid interphase. TS generate large numbers of mature T cells, are easy to manipulate, scalable, and can be repeatably sampled to monitor T‐cell differentiation. The mature T cells generated from primary human hematopoietic precursor cells were extensively characterized using single‐cell RNA and combined T‐cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. These predominantly CD8α T cells exhibit transcriptional and TCR CDR3 characteristics similar to the recently described human polyclonal αβ unconventional T cell (UTC) lineage. This includes the expression of hallmark genes associated with agonist selection, such as IKZF2 (Helios), and the expression of various natural killer receptors. The TCR repertoire of these UTCs is polyclonal and enriched for CDR3‐associated autoreactive features and early rearrangements of the TCR‐α chain. In conclusion, TS cultures offer an intriguing platform to study the development of this human polyclonal UTC lineage and its inducing selection mechanisms.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hierarchical Device-Level Modular Multilevel Converter Modeling for Parallel and Heterogeneous Transient Simulation of HVDC Systems

System-level electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of large-scale power converters with<br> high-order nonlinear semiconductor switch models remains a challenge albeit it is essential for design preview. In this work, a multi-layer hierarchical modeling methodology is proposed for high-performance computing of the modular multilevel converter involving device-level IGBT/diode models. The computational burden induced by converter scale and model complexity is dramatically alleviated following the proposal of topological reconfiguration and network equivalence, which create a substantial number of identical circuit units that facilitate massively parallel processing on the graphics processing unit (GPU), using the kernel-based single-instruction multi-threading computing architecture. As the DC system brings significant inhomogeneity which dilutes parallelism, heterogeneous computing is investigated and the computational tasks are properly assigned to CPU and GPU to fully exploit their respective features. The separation of nonlinear device-level models from the rest of the system enables multi-rate implementation for further efficiency enhancement since the two parts allow distinct time-steps. A remarkable acceleration of over 50 times is achieved by the hybrid CPU/GPU platform over conventional CPU simulation, and the validity of the proposed modeling and computing method is confirmed by commercial EMT tools ANSYS/Simplorer and PSCAD/EMTDC.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sestrin2 Expression Has Regulatory Properties and Prognostic Value in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer remains the most dangerous type of cancer despite recent progress in therapeutic modalities. Development of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is necessary to enhance lung cancer patient survival. Sestrin family genes (Sestrin1, Sestrin2, and Sestrin3) are involved in protecting cells from stress. In particular, Sestrin2, which mainly protects cells from oxidative stress and acts as a leucine sensor protein in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, is thought to affect various cancers in different ways. To investigate the role of Sestrin2 expression in lung cancer cells, we knocked down Sestrin2 in A549, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line; this resulted in reduced cell proliferation, migration, sphere formation, and drug resistance, suggesting that Sestrin2 is closely related to lung cancer progression. We analyzed Sestrin2 expression in human tissue using various bioinformatic databases and confirmed higher expression of Sestrin2 in lung cancer cells than in normal lung cells using Oncomine and the Human Protein Atlas. Moreover, analyses using Prognoscan and KMplotter showed that Sestrin2 expression is negatively correlated with the survival of lung cancer patients in multiple datasets. Co-expressed gene analysis revealed Sestrin2-regulated genes and possible associated pathways. Overall, these data suggest that Sestrin2 expression has prognostic value and that it is a possible therapeutic target in lung cancer.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pedigree simulations reveal that maternity assignment is reliable in populations with conspecific brood parasitism, incomplete parental sampling and kin structure

Abstract Modern genetic parentage methods reveal that alternative reproductive strategies are common in both males and females. Under ideal conditions, genetic methods accurately connect the parents to offspring produced by extra‐pair matings or conspecific brood parasitism. However, some breeding systems and sampling scenarios present significant complications for accurate parentage assignment. We used simulated genetic pedigrees to assess the reliability of parentage assignment for a series of challenging sampling regimes that reflect realistic conditions for many brood‐parasitic birds: absence of genetic samples from sires, absence of samples from brood parasites and female kin‐structured populations. Using 18 microsatellite markers and empirical allele frequencies from two populations of a conspecific brood parasite, the wood duck ( Aix sponsa ), we simulated brood parasitism and determined maternity using two widely used programs, cervus and colony . Errors in assignment were generally modest for most sampling scenarios but differed by program: cervus suffered from false assignment of parasitic offspring, whereas colony sometimes failed to assign offspring to their known mothers. Notably, colony was able to accurately infer unsampled parents. Reducing the number of markers (nine loci rather than 18) caused the assignment error to slightly worsen with colony but balloon with cervus . One potential error with important biological implications was rare in all cases—few nesting females were incorrectly excluded as the mother of their own offspring, an error that could falsely indicate brood parasitism. We consider the implications of our findings for both a retrospective assessment of previous studies and suggestions for best practices for future studies.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2189430: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences