jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of emergency medical planning in disaster response

This paper addresses the importance of emergency medical planning in disaster response and highlights the need for cooperation among community, governmental and private organisations. Research on emergency medical disaster planning will provide a framework for community leaders, elected officials and healthcare providers to analyse data to support evidence-based decision making in natural disasters or terrorist incidents. Such decisions increase the effectiveness of the disaster response system, thereby safeguarding the population and the community infrastructure. This study found that approximately 79% of rural communities in the USA have hospital emergency rooms with medical disaster response capabilities. Unfortunately, the data demonstrate that 21% of rural communities lack emergency rooms, which are important disaster medical response resources. As a result, rural populations could be at risk during disasters. It also emphasises the importance of building partnerships among local, state and national organisations to ensure a timely medical response to disasters.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of solid waste management practices in rural settings of Tanzania

This study explores the causes of ineffective solid waste management services in Tanzania’s rural settings which are made up of district councils. It is inspired by the fact that only 7.6% of the generated waste in the district councils which makes up 74% of the total local government authorities in the country is collected. The study variables include data availability, waste minimization initiatives, financial reliability, service reliability, technological flexibility, convenient waste collection systems, responsive market, supportive legal framework, and stakeholder inclusivity. Literature review, direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires constitute part of the data collection methods. Questionnaires were distributed to 137 (100%) district councils with over 95% responses. Zonal consultative meetings were conducted in six (6) zones representing 26 regions of Tanzania’s Mainland and attended by 26(100%) Regional Environmental Experts; and 56 (30%) District Environmental Management Officers (DEMOs). The findings show inadequacy in data availability, waste minimization initiatives, financing, stakeholders’ inclusiveness, waste management options, technological flexibility, and service reliability. The findings also show the presence of a supportive legal framework and a responsive market for the provision of waste management services. The study recommends; Improvement of waste management infrastructure; promotion of waste minimization initiatives, enhancement of waste management financing, and formalization of informal waste collection service providers.

Topic: Municipal Solid Waste Management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Producing of meat products using statistical evaluation of dietary types of meat

The article calculated the indicators of the coefficient of imbalance of the amino acid composition, the difference in the amino acid score and the biological value of proteins in dietary meat raw materials. Significant differences in the content of essential amino acids in different parts of the carcasses of the selected dietary meat raw materials were determined using the analysis of variance of a one-way uneven complex. In 2010, ideas to increase the life expectancy of citizens of the RF and improve its quality reached a new level – with the adoption by the Government of the RF of a number of strategic documents – «The Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation until 2030»; «Fundamentals of state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition of the population»; and etc. The main priority in solving the problem of the formation of the concept of a healthy lifestyle in Russia, citizens of Russia consider compliance with the principles of proper and nutritious nutrition. State measures to promote a healthy lifestyle for the population of Russia are consistent with the global concept of health promotion, according to which citizens participate in maintaining and strengthening their own health.

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Lack and Remediation of Wisdom in Moral Education

The status quo of moral education in China reflects that the effect of the current moral education is not optimistic. The lack of wisdom makes moral education lose its charm, and it is the chief element influencing the effect of moral education. Faced with the status quo of moral education, we need to get back wisdom. We should, beginning with three aspects such as subjective, emotional, and practical wisdom, make deep understandings on the connotations of wisdom in moral education and study the deep reason for its loss, so as to explore the effective approaches to remedy wisdom for moral education in the following three aspects such as environment, aim and subject's educational methods.

Topic: Cognitive Science and Education Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Homology-Directed-Repair-Based Genome Editing in HSPCs for the Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity and Blood Disorders

Genome engineering via targeted nucleases, specifically CRISPR-Cas9, has revolutionized the field of gene therapy research, providing a potential treatment for diseases of the blood and immune system. While numerous genome editing techniques have been used, CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated editing represents a promising method for the site-specific insertion of large transgenes for gene knock-in or gene correction. Alternative methods, such as lentiviral/gammaretroviral gene addition, gene knock-out via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated editing, and base or prime editing, have shown great promise for clinical applications, yet all possess significant drawbacks when applied in the treatment of patients suffering from inborn errors of immunity or blood system disorders. This review aims to highlight the transformational benefits of HDR-mediated gene therapy and possible solutions for the existing problems holding the methodology back. Together, we aim to help bring HDR-based gene therapy in CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the lab bench to the bedside.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of vanadium application on the paddy rice

The height, the root length and the weight of rice seedlings were increased by the application of ammonium vanadate. The nitrogen contents of seedlings were generally increased in proportion to the amounts of vanadate applied. Carbon contents of seedlings, however, show little difference. The best result was obtained when V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ 150 ppm was applied, but more than 500 ppm was toxic to rice seedlings, and at 1000 ppm all rice seedlings were killed. N, P, and K fertilizers were added to the rice after transplantation from the nursery, but vanadium was omitted. Little difference was found in growth and yield of the rice plants. Vanadium absorbed by younger rice seedlings has little influence on the latter growth and yields of rice plants.

Topic: Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dynamic modelling and intelligent control of a flying machine - part 2

A staggering amount of casualties and deaths is attributed to the lack of proper intelligence on the ground especially in urban warfare. The use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been widely researched and aims to replace these manned missions. SAFMC provides a platform to design a UAV which can be implemented in a real defense reconnaissance mission today. The minimum mission profile required by SAFMC includes passing through air vent, maneuver in tight corridor, first person view (fpv) and ability of releasing a 50g payload. The paper aims to illustrate the process of construction of hardware and development of software to achieve the tasks given. Initially, the design is planned modularly by separating the system into sub-systems like electronics, communication, mechanical, power and propulsion. The criteria of selection are based on its cost to performance ratio. Subsequently, much effort was spend in integration to an overall system. A successful implementation of two modes was achieved by programming on an external microcontroller. This enables the pilot to switch between two main modes, the normal mode and intelligent mode. In the intelligent mode, additional features were like includes autonomous payload release algorithm, auto throttle altitude algorithm and graphical user interface aids the pilot by providing information to the pilot. These features also relieved the pilot for controlling lesser inputs. The quad copter was validated in SAFMC 2015 by winning 2nd place in the overall Category D1 competition.

Topic: Engine and Fuel Emissions
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of the ultrasonic technique for real-time holdup monitoring for the control of extraction columns

The noninvasive and nonintrusive ultrasonic technique developed by Bonnet and Tavlarides for phase fraction measurements in liquid—liquid column extractors is further developed to provide automatic multiple-point measurements for real-time holdup monitoring for the control of the extraction process. Multiple-point measurements provide information on the holdup profile along the extractor and are shown to be very useful for controlling the holdup near flooding. Results of dynamic tests are reported and open-loop data are discussed.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sandra Rebok, Humboldt and Jefferson: A Transatlantic Friendship of the Enlightenment (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014, $30.00). Pp. 232. <scp>isbn</scp>978 0 8139 3569 0.

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Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Critical Role of miR-144 in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Proliferation and Invasion

Abstract MicroRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs that play important roles in a wide variety of biologic processes such as apoptosis, development, aging, and tumorigenesis. The B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) transcriptional repressor has emerged as a critical therapeutic target in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), but the mechanisms regulating BCL6 are still unclear. In the current study, we screened the microRNA expression profiles in DLBCL specimens and cell lines by qRT-PCR and found that the expression of miR-144 was significantly downregulated in DLBCL tissues and cell lines and negatively correlated with BCL6 expression. We further demonstrated that BCL6 was the direct target gene of miR-144, and miR-144 suppressed the expression of BCL6 via binding the 3′untranslated region of BCL6 mRNA. Biologically, forced expression of miR-144 significantly attenuated cell proliferation and invasion of OCI-Ly3 cells in vitro, and the tumor-suppressor effect of miR-144 was also confirmed using a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Taken together, our results reveal that miR-144 regulates BCL6 in DLBCL and provide a rationale for developing strategies that target miR-144 as a therapeutic intervention for DLBCL. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(4); 337–44. ©2016 AACR.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Table S5 from GLUT1 Expression in Tumor-Associated Neutrophils Promotes Lung Cancer Growth and Resistance to Radiotherapy

&lt;p&gt;Significant differentially expressed Hallmarks upregulated in control versus Glut1KO TANs.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
PLASMA FILTERS IN TECHNIQUE OF THE VACUUM-ARC COMPOSITE COATING DEPOSITION

The brief survey of devices for micro- and nanostructured composite coatings formation by deposition from a filtered cathodic arc plasma is given. The main attention is paid on the features specifying that how uniform is thickness and composition distribution of the coating deposited by use of those devices. Analysis of the publications showed that in respect of ability to obtain uniform coatings the wide-aperture single- and two-channel systems with acute-angled or “specular” magnetic fields are the most perspective. The setup which have been tasted rigidly in industrial conditions, and designed efficient setups equipped with the said systems are described as examples.

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuronal Stability, Volumetric Changes, and Decrease in GFAP Expression of Marmoset ( <i>Callithrix jacchus</i> ) Subcortical Visual Nuclei During Aging

ABSTRACT The physiological aging process is well known for functional decline in visual abilities. Among the components of the visual system, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) and superior colliculus (SC) provide a good model for aging investigations, as these structures constitute the main visual pathways for retinal inputs reaching the visual cortex. However, there are limited data available on quantitative morphological and neurochemical aspects in DLG and SC across lifespan. Here, we used optical density to determine immunoexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and design‐based stereological probes to estimate the neuronal number, total volume, and layer volume of the DLG and SC in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ), ranging from 36 to 143 months of age. Our results revealed an age‐related increase in total volume and layer volume of the DLG, with an overall stability in SC volume. Furthermore, a stable neuronal number was demonstrated in DLG and superficial layers of SC (SCv). A decrease in GFAP immunoexpression was observed in both visual centers. The results indicate region‐specific variability in volumetric parameter, possibly attributed to structural plastic events in response to inflammation and compensatory mechanisms at the cellular and subcellular level. Additionally, the DLG and SCv seem to be less vulnerable to aging effects in terms of neuronal number. The neuropeptidergic data suggest that reduced GFAP expression may reflect morphological atrophy in the astroglial cells. This study contributes to updating the current understanding of aging effects in the visual system and stablishes a crucial foundation for future research on visual perception throughout the aging process.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploiting DNA repair defects in breast cancer: from chemotherapy to immunotherapy

<b>Introduction</b>: Impaired DNA damage response (DDR) and subsequent genomic instability are associated with the carcinogenic process itself, but it also results in sensitivity of tumor cells to certain drugs and can be exploited to treat cancer by inducing deadly mutations or mitotic catastrophe. Exploiting DDR defects in breast cancer cells has been one of the main strategies in both conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies. <b>Areas covered</b>: In this review, the authors first discuss DDR mechanisms in healthy cells and DDR defects in breast cancer, then focus on current therapies and developments in the treatment of DDR-deficient breast cancer. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Among conventional chemotherapeutics, platinum-based regimens, in particular, seem to be effective in DDR-deficient patients. PARP inhibitors represent one of the successful models of translational research in this area and clinical data showed high efficacy and reasonable toxicity with these agents in patients with breast cancer and BRCA mutation. Recent studies have underlined that some subtypes of breast cancer are highly immunogenic. Promising activity has been shown with immunotherapeutic agents, particularly in DDR-deficient breast cancers. Chemotherapeutics, DNA-repair pathway inhibitors, and immunotherapies might result in further improved outcomes in certain subsets of patients with breast cancer and DDR.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experiences With Auto-Grading in a Systems Course

Rapidly growing computing-class sizes across college campuses are challenging instructional resources and staffing. We have developed an automatic testing and grading software system called Code Assessment Extension (CODE). It is integrated with our existing Canvas Learning Management System (LMS). This paper presents experiences from both student and instructor perspectives with using auto-grading in a junior-level, systems course with a heavy emphasis on programming in C++, with several challenges, including - 1 this course was the first experience for both the students and the instructor in using any form of automatic grading, 2 the students have limited experience with C++ programming, particularly in Linux, and 3 the course includes complex concepts on operating systems, multithreading, and networking. The paper presents quantitative results from 3,300 submissions (from 1 course, 1 semester, 6 programming assignments, 54 students, multiple submissions per-student per-assignment) and analysis of end-of-course surveys from 54 students. The inferences from the statistics strongly support the use of automatic grading systems such as CODE to enhance learning in programming-centric courses.

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Compact 7T: Progress in Construction and Assembly of a Low-Cryogen, High-Performance, Head-only High-Field MRI System

Steps in the construction of an 8 metric ton, 7.0 T MRI scanner for imaging the brain are described. The system nearing completion uses only 12 liters of liquid helium and has outside dimensions comparable to a clinical whole-body 3.0 T scanner, with a similar footprint. As such, the new Compact 7.0 T system fits into any whole-body 3.0 T room, simplifying installation. The system is in the final stages of assembly.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Gd–Cu substituted M-type Sr-hexaferrites synthesized by the co-precipitation method

The hexagonal strontium ferrites doped with diverse molar ratio of gadolinium and copper (Sr1−xGdxFe12−xCuxO19, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were employed to analyze the phase structure, morphology and magnetic performance, respectively. The samples with x from 0.00 to 0.10 were confirmed to a single magnetoplumbite phase, and the impurity phases were detected when the content of dopants x ≥ 0.15. The surface morphology of Sr1−xGdxFe12−xCuxO19 presented hexagonal shape and revealed average grain size increased with the increasing Gd–Cu substitution amount. With the increase of doping amount x, the saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetism (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) firstly increase, and then decrease. When x was 0.10, the Hc arrived at 7203.42 Oe.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF HEART RATE MEASUREMENT

ABSTRACT Theoretical and practical considerations require a heart rate measurement method which produces substantial correspondence between heart rate and other autonomic and psychological measures of arousal, and which also is fast and inexpensive. A new heart rate measurement method, the peak rate method. meets these criteria. The peak rate method corresponds as closely to a skin conductance measure of reaction to a stressful movie as does the method of mean cyclic maxima (Malmstrom. Opton, &amp; Lazarus, in press). The peak rate method also yields heart rate curves which are markedly elevated at the most psychologically stressful points during the movie. The peak rate method does not involve the laborious, expensive computations required by the method of mean cyclic maxima. Smoothing heart rate curves by a method of moving averages is also shown to be desirable.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of PhenolicCompounds in Propolis

Purpose: To develop a simple, precise and rapid high-performance liquid
chromatographic technique coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD)
method for the simultaneous determination of rutin, quercetin,
luteolin, genistein, galangin and curcumin in propolis. Methods:
Ultrasound-assisted extraction was applied to isolate six antioxidant
phenolic compounds from propolis samples. Chromatographic separation
was performed using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5
μm) by isocratic elution at 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted
of phosphate buffered saline (pH = 4.5) and methanol (40/60, v/v). The
flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min and the effluent was monitored using a
DAD set at 260 nm. Results: Excellent linear correlation coefficient
was observed in the range of 0.9977 to 0.9997. The reproducibility of
the method was 1.58 % (RSD) and accuracy was confirmed with average
recovery ranging from 95.71 to 104.26 %. Six antioxidant phenolic
compounds in propolis samples were successfully determined within 50
min. Conclusion: The proposed isocratic LC method gave good separation
and accurate determination of rutin, quercetin, luteolin, genistein,
galangin and curcumin in propolis. The proposed method showed good
sensitivity, linearity, repeatability and accuracy.

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences