jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiple Mothballs or Multiple Sclerosis: A Diagnostic Dilemma (P5.192)

Introduction: Mothballs are chemical pesticides used commonly as repellent in storage of clothing. Due to easy availability of this chemical considerable risk exists for toxic exposure.
 Observation: A 38 year old woman with history of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis diagnosed in 2004 receiving atalizumab as disease modifying therapy, presented to the hospital with worsening of left lower extremity weakness, somnolence, disconjugate gaze and urinary incontinence. She continued to deteriorate and became comatose.
A detailed workup including infectious, autoimmune etiology was unremarkable. A review of history with family revealed ingestion of moth balls for more than 30 years. A para-dichlorobenzene (PDCB; active component of mothballs) level obtained was significantly elevated (18mcg/ml). MRI brain showed symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the anterior basis pons, bilateral cerebral peduncles and bilateral corona radiata.
Given elevated level of PDCB and neuroimaging findings; acute clinical deterioration was considered to be secondary to PDCB neurotoxicity. As PDCB is primarily metabolized by CYP 2E1, P450 enzyme induction with oral acetaminophen was tried. Patient received 500 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours to increase
the hepatic metabolism of PDCB. A repeat PDCB level obtained after 10 days of therapy was 1.1mcg/ml. However, no significant clinical improvement was noted. A tracheostomy and PEG tube was
placed and she was transferred to long term care facility. On follow up at 3 months, her cognition improved and she started to follow some commands.
 Relevance: This case illustrates the importance of detailed history including the exposure to industrial/domestic toxins, in the event of rapid clinical deterioration and lack of response to disease modifying therapy.	Due to growing use of this chemical, the number of cases of PDCB toxicity might rise. Early identification, cessation of exposure to the chemical and utilization of some experimental therapies may prove to be beneficial for these patients.
				
				
				 Disclosure: Dr. Dubey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stuve has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Biogen Idec, Roche Diagnostics Corp., Genzyme Corp., Novartis, and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc.. Dr. Stuve has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Archives of Neurology and Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. Dr. Stuve holds stock in Teva Pharmaceuticals which sponsored research in which Dr. Stuve was involved as an investigator. Dr. Stuve has received research support from Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Code generation for Petri Nets-specified reconfigurable distributed control systems

This paper deals with the problem of automated conversion of formal system specification to the executable implementation that preserves the reconfigurability of the original model within its runtime. Formal part of the work is based on Coloured Petri Nets formalism extended with the nets-within-nets structural paradigm introduced by Valk. This paradigm reduces the partitioning problem using multiple levels of abstraction within modeling. Described solution aims to produce the distributed control system using five levels of abstraction and a set of translation rules that produces the target prototype. The main contribution of the paper is the introduction of mapping rules that are used for prototype generation and the concept of distributed virtual machine that interprets Petri Nets specifications and supports the reconfigurability of the system.

Topic: Petri Nets in System Modeling
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correlation Analysis of Four Blood Coagulation Items with Blood Lipids and Blood Glucose in Stroke Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the four blood coagulation items and blood glucose and blood lipids in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: According to whether they had type 2 diabetes, 134 stroke patients were divided into the observation group (n = 62) with stroke and type 2 diabetes and the control group without type 2 diabetes (n = 72), and the blood coagulation of each group was compared.Results: There was no significant difference in the four coagulation items between the two groups of patients, and hyperglycemia did not seem to have a significant effect on this.Conclusion: The coagulation changes in stroke patients may be greatly affected by the acute onset of stroke, and the impact of type 2 diabetes may be chronic and insignificant.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Judicial Disciplinary Systems for Incorrectly Decided Cases: The Imperial Chinese Heritage Lives On

Local Chinese courts commonly use responsibility systems (mubiao guanli zeren zhi, zeren zhuijiu zhi) to evaluate and discipline judges. Judges receive sanctions under these systems for a wide range of behavior, such as illegal or unethical dealings with parties and lawyers, inappropriate courtroom behavior, and neglect of duty.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Plasma oxidation and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;in vitro &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Xylopia aethiopica &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;L. whole seed and pod

Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) is medicinally important in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. In Nigeria, Xylopia aethiopica whole seed are locally used in the treatment of constipation. They are used as a tonic in tea and beverages, and after pregnancy delivery to facilitate the removal of clothing blood in the system. This study evaluated the plasma oxidation properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of Xylopia aethiopica whole seed and pod. 50 g Each of seed, pod and whole seed of Xylopia aethiopica were pulverized and dissolved separately in 250 ml of distilled water for 24 hours. The obtained extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities of the seed (IC50 = 0.19±0.03 mg/ml) and pod (IC50 = 0.24±0.02 mg/ml) extracts were similar with butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 0.17±0.04 mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.13±0.05 mg/ml). Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide reducing power of the seed, pod and whole seed were similar with no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared with butylated hydroxytoluene. However, the seed (IC50 = 0.89±0.09 mg/ml), pod (IC50 = 0.35±0.03mg/ml) and whole seed (IC50 = 0.32±0.03 mg/ml) expressed significantly (p<0.05) lowered hydrogen peroxide decomposing activity when compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 0.15±0.00 mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.15±0.01 mg/ml). The extract expressed no erythrocyte lysis activities at a concentration range of 6.25 – 100 µg/ml. Protective effects of the extract of Xylopia aethiopica were concentration dependent, with lower doses (6.25 – 25 µg/ml) having more protective effects against accumulation of CuSO4-induced conjugated dienes in plasma. Similarly, the seed, pod and whole seed demonstrated significant (p<0.05) thrombolytic activity compared with normal control but not significantly compared with streptokinase. The extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited hypotonic solution-induced erythrocyte membrane lysis when compared to NaCl control and reference drug acetylsalicylic acid respectively. The present study demonstrated the protective nature of Xylopia aethiopica L. seed, pod and whole seed extracts against the accumulation of conjugate dienes, thrombolytic activities and membrane stability effects. Xylopia aethiopica L. seeds are recommended for consideration as a significant natural antioxidant source.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ena/VASP proteins: focus on interaction partners and Enah splice variants

Actin (de)polymerization and reorganization of supramolecular actin structures are driving forces for cellular migration. Key factors in these processes are numerous actin binding proteins for example Ena/VASP proteins and profilins that are also partner proteins. Ena/VASP proteins bind to profilin via their central proline-rich region. N-terminal to this region is the EVH1 domain that interacts with the adaptor protein lamellipodin. Although already the subject of several studies, the functional significance of the interaction between Ena/VASP proteins and profilin is still not fully understood.\nIn the first part of this thesis, we designed a sensitive quantitative assay to study the interaction between profilin and proline-rich sequences. Via this assay, we showed that the interaction between the Ena/VASP protein EVL and the poly-L-proline docking ligands profilin and SH3 domains either occurs via competition or via ternary complex formation. In addition, we identified two new profilin ligands: Shootin1 and lamellipodin. As lamellipodin is a known Ena/VASP ligand, we explored the interaction between lamellipodin and profilin more in detail. We demonstrated that lamellipodin binds profilin IIa via at least four proline-rich sites that show somewhat different binding characteristics for profilin IIa and that the interaction between lamellipodin and profilin IIa is differentially regulated via lamellipodin phosphorylation by Abl kinase. Additionally, we investigated the cellular role of the interaction between profilin and EVL. Our results show that the proline-rich region of EVL is essential for EVL function in a scratch wound assay which suggests a function for the EVL-profilin complex in the latter.\nIn a final part of this thesis we mapped the splice variants of the Ena/VASP protein ENAH. The mouse Enah gene has four extra alternatively included exons of which one encodes an extra proline-rich sequence. Via an in silico analysis and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction screen we identified at least eight and maximally sixteen different Enah transcripts. We show that all identified Enah transcripts are expressed during mouse development and in adult mouse tissues. Also cell lines display specific expression profiles of these different transcripts.\nOur results indicate complex regulation mechanisms of Ena/VASP protein function both via differential expression of Enah alternative transcripts as via multiple ligand binding.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial distribution of particulate organic carbon and aggregate associated carbon in topsoil of a sloping farmland in the Black Soil region,Northeast China

A typical rolling farmland in the Black Soil region of Northeast China was selected in a case study to analyze impact of soil erosion and deposition on the loss,transportation and accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC) in topsoil by measuring particulate organic carbon(POC),composition of water stable aggregates of different sizes and contents of associated carbon in different slope positions.Results showed that the contents of macro-aggregates,incorporated organic carbon(IOC) and micro-aggregate associated carbon at the shoulder-slope with serious erosion were 23%,17.5% and 8.7% lower than those of summit with weak erosion,respectively,while there was no significant difference in POC among three erosion sites.At foot-slope,a long-term soil deposition recipient,the contents of POC,macro-aggregates and macro-aggregate associated carbon were 56.1%,47.9% and 67% lower than those of summit,while IOC and micro-aggregate associated carbon were 10% and 18.7% higher than those of summit,respectively. The findings suggest that soil erosion and cultivation tend to break down macroaggregates,whose content light in weight and fine in particle size are hence easily lost and transported with surface water flow,which in addition to the dilution function of subsurface soil leads to decrease in SOC content at erosion sites.Moreover,the fraction of light labile organic carbon is apt to be exploited and decomposed by soil microbes in the process of transportation and accumulation.As a result,SOC in the depositional sites was dominated by IOC and micro-aggregate associated carbon,forming a big passive carbon pool in the topsoil.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Review of oxidative degradations of certain heterocyclic polymers

The curing and decompositions of polyphenylenes and several nitrogen-containing condensation polymers, particularly polybenzimidazoles and pyrones, are reviewed critically. It is concluded that the condensations are usually imperfect and incomplete and that in most of the published work the late stages of the condensation are complicated by the beginnings of the charring and carbonization processes. Most discussions of mechanisms in this range are highly speculative and of little value. The most promising fields for further research are at lower temperatures, where slow oxidation processes deserve study, and at higher temperatures, where it may be possible to influence carbonization processes to obtain better products.

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Factors affecting the fouling of membranes in crossflow microfiltration

Results from an on-going research programme are presented which illustrate the factors affecting
the fouling of polymeric microfiltration membranes by colloidal and fine particulate matter.
Experimental data obtained from a computer controlled crossflow apparatus show how flux decline
is influenced by a matrix of particle, suspension, membrane and process parameters. Relevant
variables such as feed concentration, crossflow velocity, filtration pressure and suspension pH are
delineated and separated to highlight the salient features of the crossflow process. The results
obtained to date from the project explain some of the anomalies which have been reported in the
published literature and indicate ways in which process design can be improved.

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Novel Nonobstructive Intravascular MRI Coil

Objective— MRI is being used to characterize the composition of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the resolution achievable using surface radiofrequency coils is limited by the signal to noise ratio. We studied the utility of a new intravascular (IV) MRI probe for high-resolution in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results— Balloon-injured Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits served as the experimental model of atherosclerosis. The newly developed IV MRI probe is 1.3 mm in diameter and can be positioned over a guidewire. MRI was performed with both an external phased-array coil and the IV MR coil. MR observations were correlated with histopathology. After MRI, the animals were killed and analysis of agreement between MR and histopathology was performed. The IV MR coil allows aortic images to be obtained with 156×156 μm 2 in-plane resolution versus 352×352 μm 2 when used with the external phased-array coil. No significant motion artifacts were noted, despite the continuation of arterial blood flow during image acquisition around the IV probe. The different components of the atherosclerotic lesions (lipid core and fibrous cap) were easily identified. There was an excellent agreement between MRI with the IV coil and histopathology by simple linear regression for both the mean wall thickness ( r =0.88, slope 0.82, P &lt;0.0001) and vessel wall area ( r =0.86, slope 1.08, P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— The new nonobstructive design for this intravascular coil provides great promise for additional work in high-resolution MRI characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. The ability to position the probe with a guidewire allows its placement under fluoroscopic or MRI guidance, whereas its size is compatible with human coronary arteries.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nucleolar activity in the primate dorsal root ganglion cells associated with dietary protein malnutrition

The nucleolar changes in the dorsal root ganglion cells of the squirrel monkey, &lt;i&gt;Saimiri sciureus&lt;/i&gt;, have been investigated by the use of histological and histochemical methods in the healthy neonates (born to mothers maintained on 25% protein diet during gestation) and young adults, and compared with those observed in the protein-malnourished neonates (born to mothers maintained on a 8% protein diet during gestation). Also studied were young adults maintained on a high protein diet (25% protein) as well as on a low protein diet (2% protein content) for a period of 15 weeks. Whereas in the healthy animals (neonates and young adults) only a few cells show nucleolar budding and finally their extrusion into the cytoplasm, the protein-malnourished animals show a significantly enhanced nucleolar activity in the form of increased size (3–4 times the original) and active budding either from one focal point or at several places on the body of the nucleolus. In the neurons which show chromatolytic changes, these extrusions migrate to the nuclear membrane, wherefrom they pass on to the cytoplasm through an evagination of the nuclear envelope. Such a migration appears to occur by a focal dissolution of the nuclear membrane. It appears that, under conditions of severe malnutrition and advanced chromatolytic changes in the neuronal cytoplasm, the nucleolar material provides a compensatory mechanism for the increased cytoplasmic catabolism and loss of ribonucleoprotein material in order to facilitate additional protein synthesis for cell survival.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Residential Rehabilitation Courses in the Self-Directed Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Residential rehabilitation courses in self-directed illness management offer a potentially useful patient-centered and multidis-ciplinary therapeutic option for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A retrospective survey of the data from the courses run by Westcare UK between 1995 and 1998 was undertaken to give a preliminary evaluation of outcomes and acceptability. The outcome results, for 49 participants, show improvements, at 12 months, on the Fatigue and Emotional Distress subscales of the PFRS. (Fatigue: before course: mean 3.66, s.d. 1.14; 12 months later: mean 3.11, s.d. 1.57; F(l,48) = 11.19 p &lt; 0.005. Emotional distress: before course: mean 2.53, s.d. 1.46; 12 months later: mean 2.04, s.d. 1.39; F(l, 48) = 5.96 p &lt; 0.01.) Participants also reported a high level of general satisfaction with the course: 89.4% gave a rating of five or six, out of six. These results describe both long and short-term benefits, and support the continued use of these courses and the implementation of a further more rigorous Study.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photocrosslinking-induced CRAC channel-like Orai1 activation independent of STIM1

Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> (CRAC) channels, indispensable for the immune system and various other human body functions, consist of two transmembrane (TM) proteins, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensor STIM1 in the ER membrane and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion channel Orai1 in the plasma membrane. We employ genetic code expansion in mammalian cell lines to incorporate the photocrosslinking unnatural amino acids (UAA), p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) and p-azido-L-phenylalanine (Azi), into the Orai1 TM domains at different sites. Characterization of the respective UAA-containing Orai1 mutants using Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging and electrophysiology reveals that exposure to UV light triggers a range of effects depending on the UAA and its site of incorporation. In particular, photoactivation at A137 using Bpa in Orai1 activates Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents that best match the biophysical properties of CRAC channels and are capable of triggering downstream signaling pathways such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocation into the nucleus without the need for the physiological activator STIM1.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
First-principles simulation of the optical response of bulk and thin-film α-quartz irradiated with an ultrashort intense laser pulse

A computational method based on a first-principles multiscale simulation has been used for calculating the optical response and the ablation threshold of an optical material irradiated with an ultrashort intense laser pulse. The method employs Maxwell's equations to describe laser pulse propagation and time-dependent density functional theory to describe the generation of conduction band electrons in an optical medium. Optical properties, such as reflectance and absorption, were investigated for laser intensities in the range $10^{10} \, \mathrm{W/cm^{2}}$ to $2 \times 10^{15} \, \mathrm{W/cm^{2}}$ based on the theory of generation and spatial distribution of the conduction band electrons. The method was applied to investigate the changes in the optical reflectance of $α$-quartz bulk, half-wavelength thin-film and quarter-wavelength thin-film and to estimate their ablation thresholds. Despite the adiabatic local density approximation used in calculating the exchange--correlation potential, the reflectance and the ablation threshold obtained from our method agree well with the previous theoretical and experimental results. The method can be applied to estimate the ablation thresholds for optical materials in general. The ablation threshold data can be used to design ultra-broadband high-damage-threshold coating structures.

Topic: Laser Material Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Revisiting ISO 14000 Diffusion: A New “Look” at the Drivers of Certification

This replication study of the drivers of ISO 14000 certifications extends the work of Corbett and Kirsch (2001) and provides a different and simpler predictive model of the factors contributing to the growth of ISO 14000 certifications. The main finding is that at national level ISO 14000 certification densities can be explained by two factors: the installed base of ISO 9000 certificates and the number of environmental treaties signed and ratified. The first factor, considering the common elements of the two standards, points to conditions of infrastructural convenience, while the second highlights the importance of political‐economic considerations. The study uses a new set of tools (graphical displays, distribution‐free computer intensive methods) that are better suited for exploratory research when discontinuities and existence of subgroups in the data set may make findings from a linear regression suspect.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences