jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of secondary glaucoma

Abstract Purpose To summarised the current medical and surgical treatment options for patients with secondary glaucoma. Methods Identify causes of the secondary glaucoma. Understand the mechanism of raised intraocular pressure.Option 1: Medical/drops treatment; Option 2:Laser Trabeculoplasty; Option 3: Trabeculectomy; Option 4: Non‐penetrating surgery; Option 4: Diode laser; Option 5: Tube surgery Results Pros and cons for each option will be discussed. Conclusion Depending on the underlying cause of the raised intraocular pressure and the status of the conjunctival, surgical option may be best in preserving long term vision for patient.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
More connected, more active: galaxy clusters and groups at z~1 and the connection between their quiescent galaxy fractions and large-scale environments

High-redshift galaxy clusters, unlike local counterparts, show diverse star formation activities. However, it is still unclear what keeps some of the high-redshift clusters active in star formation. To address this issue, we performed a multi-object spectroscopic (MOS) observation of 226 high-redshift (0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.3) galaxies in galaxy cluster candidates and the areas surrounding them. Our spectroscopic observation reveals six to eight clusters/groups at z ~ 0.9 and z ~ 1.3. The redshift measurements demonstrate the reliability of our photometric redshift measurements, which in turn gives credibility for using photometric redshift members for the analysis of large-scale structures (LSSs). Our investigation of the large-scale environment (~10 Mpc) surrounding each galaxy cluster reveals LSSs --- structures up to ~10 Mpc scale --- around many of, but not all, the confirmed overdensities and the cluster candidates. We investigate the correlation between quiescent galaxy fraction of galaxy overdensities and their surrounding LSSs, with a larger sample of ~ 20 overdensities including photometrically selected overdensities at 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 0.9. Interestingly, galaxy overdensities embedded within these extended LSSs show a lower fraction of quiescent galaxies (~ 20 %) than isolated ones at similar redshifts (with a quiescent galaxy fraction of ~ 50 %). Furthermore, we find a possible indication that clusters/groups with a high quiescent galaxy fraction are more centrally concentrated. Based on these results, we suggest that LSSs are the main reservoirs of gas and star-forming galaxies to keep galaxy clusters fresh and extended in size at z ~ 1.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A framework for cloud-based context-aware information services for citizens in smart cities

In the context of smart cities, public participation and citizen science are key ingredients for informed and intelligent planning decisions and policy-making. However, citizens face a practical challenge in formulating coherent information sets from the large volumes of data available to them. These large data volumes materialise due to the increased utilisation of information and communication technologies in urban settings and local authorities' reliance on such technologies to govern urban settlements efficiently. To encourage effective public participation in urban governance of smart cities, the public needs to be facilitated with the right contextual information about the characteristics and processes of their urban surroundings in order to contribute to the aspects of urban governance that affect them such as socio-economic activities, quality of life, citizens well-being etc. The cities on the other hand face challenges in terms of crowd sourcing with quality data collection and standardisation, services inter-operability, provisioning of computational and data storage infrastructure. In this paper, we highlight the issues that give rise to these multi-faceted challenges for citizens and public administrations of smart cities, identify the artefacts and stakeholders involved at both ends of the spectrum (data/service producers and consumers) and propose a conceptual framework to address these challenges. Based upon this conceptual framework, we present a Cloud-based architecture for context-aware citizen services for smart cities and discuss the components of the architecture through a common smart city scenario. A proof of concept implementation of the proposed architecture is also presented and evaluated. The results show the effectiveness of the cloud-based infrastructure for the development of a contextual service for citizens.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Intermediates in the Synthesis of Provitamins D.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Loss of DAXX/ATRX Protein Expression Results in Ischemia Resistance and Radiation Sensitivity in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells and Is Associated with Improved Response to Trans-Arterial Radioembolization

Introduction: Metastatic liver pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) can be treated with ischemia-based trans-arterial embolization/trans-arterial chemo-embolization or radiation-based trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE). Guidelines for treatment selection are limited. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of loss of DAXX/ATRX protein expression on ischemia and radiation sensitivity in Bon-1 and QGP-1 cells, and to compare TARE response in PNETs with and without a DAXX/ATRX mutation. Methods: This was a laboratory investigation and retrospective review of an institutional database of TARE-treated PNET patients. Ischemia and radiation sensitivity were tested on Bon-1 and QGP-1 cells and CRISPR-generated DAXX (C16/C45) and ATRX (QAX12/QAX24) knockouts. Post-ischemia and postradiation cell viability, survival fraction, and caspase-3 expression were measured. Local progression-free survival (LPFS) was measured from time of TARE to local progression or death and estimated using Cox proportional hazards. Results: Post-ischemia DAXX (C16/C45) and ATRX (QAX12/QAX24) knockouts had increased cell viability compared with Bon-1 wild-type cells (p &lt; 0.0001, days 3, 5) and QGP-1 wild-type cells (p &lt; 0.0001, days 3, 5, 7). Postradiation C16/C45 and QAX12/QAX24 had decreased survival fraction compared with respective wild type (p &lt; 0.0001, all cell lines). C16/C45 had decreased apoptotic activity post-ischemia and increased apoptotic activity postradiation compared with wild type (p &lt; 0.0001, all cell lines). Presence of DAXX/ATRX mutation was associated with longer LPFS after TARE (p &lt; 0.001). Median LPFS after TARE was 6 months in wild type compared with 22 months in patients with DAXX/ATRX mutation. Conclusion: Loss of DAXX/ATRX protein expression is associated with ischemia resistance and radiation sensitivity in Bon-1 and QGP-1 cells and longer LPFS after TARE in PNET patients.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Formulation and Optimization of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Sumatriptan Succinate

The aims of the present research were to mask the intensely bitter taste of sumatriptan succinate and to formulate orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of the taste masked drug. Taste masking was performed by coating sumatriptan succinate with Eudragit EPO using spray drying technique. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for thermal analysis, yield, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro taste masking. The tablets were formulated by mixing the taste masked microspheres with different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants and compressed using direct compression method followed by sublimation technique. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, water content, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. All the tablet formulations disintegrated in vitro within 37-410 s. The optimized formulation containing 5% Kollidon CL-SF released more than 90% of the drug within 15 min and the release was comparable to that of commercial product (Suminat®). In human volunteers, the optimized formulation was found to have a pleasant taste and mouth feel and disintegrated in the oral cavity within 41 s. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and bioequivalent with Suminat®.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Harmonics produced by direct current in convertor transformers

Test and analytical procedures are described that determine the relationship between direct current and resultant harmonics in a convertor transformer. It is shown that a linear relationship exists between lower-order harmonics and direct current. The effect of ‘fluxing’ the transformer is also shown, and it is found that ‘under-fluxing’ a transformer in the presence of direct current has little effect.

Topic: Electric Power Systems and Control
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determinants of Consumer Purchase Decisions with Price and Personal Factors as Control Variables

Research on the factors that influence consumer decisions to buy goods at Indomaret campus area, Jember. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of store layout and interior display on purchasing decisions. The number of samples used in this study was 50 people with purposive sampling and quota sampling techniques. The data collection method used in this study used a questionnaire. The analysis used includes data instrument test (validity test and reliability test), multiple linear regression analysis. From the results of data analysis, it can be seen that store layout has a positive effect on consumer decisions to make purchases at Indomaret. Meanwhile, the Interior display has no effect on consumer purchasing decisions at Indomaret. This shows that consumers do not pay much attention to the things contained in the interior display, such as store design according to the day of celebration, provision of baskets, and advertisements in the store. After entering the control variables, namely price variables, and personal factors, the test results both show that store layout and interior display have no effect on consumer decisions to make purchases at Indomaret.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Lognormal Distributions and Geometric Averages of Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices

Summary This article gives a formal definition of a lognormal family of probability distributions on the set of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, seen as a matrix‐variate extension of the univariate lognormal family of distributions. Two forms of this distribution are obtained as the large sample limiting distribution via the central limit theorem of two types of geometric averages of i.i.d. SPD matrices: the log‐Euclidean average and the canonical geometric average. These averages correspond to two different geometries imposed on the set of SPD matrices. The limiting distributions of these averages are used to provide large‐sample confidence regions and two‐sample tests for the corresponding population means. The methods are illustrated on a voxelwise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data, permitting a comparison between the various average types from the point of view of their sampling variability.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CVD TiSiN diffusion barrier integration in sub-130 mn technology nodes

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) has emerged as a strong candidate for a next-generation diffusion barrier material in copper/low-k dielectric back-end-of-line (BEOL) device fabrication. As ionized physical vapor deposition (PVD) Ta(N) barriers currently used in high-volume production begin to exhibit marginal film continuity in high aspect ratio device features, more conformal barrier materials become a requirement. Material, electrical, and reliability properties are strongly influenced by CVD TiSiN film thickness, process sequencing, and incoming surface cleanliness of device features. TiSiN has been shown to possess the necessary material and electrical properties to be successfully integrated in sub-130 nm copper/low-k semiconductor device technology nodes.

Topic: Copper Interconnects and Reliability
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Creating Brand India: Strategies, Issues, and Challenges

Introduction A person, an institution, or even a country leaves an impression in the mind of perceiver. This impression reflects the brand – what distinguishes one person, institution, or country from another. In India and beyond, country-level brand building has been receiving significant attention ever since Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 2014 call to "Make in India"

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of Laryngeal Sensory Function using a Tactile Aesthesiometer in Healthy Adults

Introduction Laryngeal sensory function in healthy adults was assessed through the delivery of tactile stimuli using Cheung–Bearelly monofilaments. Methods 37 healthy adults were recruited with 340 tactile stimuli analyzed. Four calibrated tactile stimuli were delivered to three laryngeal sites: false vocal fold (FVF), aryepiglottic fold (AEF), and lateral pyriform sinus (LPS). Primary outcome was the elicitation of laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). Secondary outcomes were gag, patient‐reported laryngeal sensation (PRLS), and perceptual strength. Analysis was performed with mixed effects logistic regression modeling. Results Positive LAR was observed in 35.7%, 70.2%, and 91.2% of stimuli at LPS, AEF, and FVF respectively. LAR rates were significantly associated with laryngopharyngeal subsite ( p &lt; 0.001), tactile force ( p = 0.001), age ( p = 0.022) and sex ( p = 0.022). LAR, gag, PRLS, and perceptual strength significantly increased as a more medial laryngeal subsite was stimulated and as stimulus force increased. Each of the ten years of age increase was associated with 19% reduction in odds of LAR (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.68, 0.97]; p = 0.022). Male gender was associated with a 55% reduction in odds of LAR (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.23, 0.89]; p = 0.022). Conclusion LAR elicitation capability decreases in the male gender, aging, and a more lateral subsite. This study provides insight into the pathophysiology of hypo‐ and hyper‐sensitive laryngeal disorders and is paramount to making accurate diagnostic assessments and finding novel treatment options for various laryngological disorders. Laryngoscope , 133:2525–2532, 2023

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adapting Food Supply Chains To Covid – 19: A Study On Supermarket Resilience In Australia And Fiji

The study presented in this paper is based on short research carried out as a part of academic fulfillment. The research is purely based on the analysis of secondary data (qualitatively and quantitatively). The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the world's food supply systems, revealing serious weaknesses and emphasizing the need for increased resilience—especially in the supermarket store industry. The impact of the pandemic on the supply chain resilience of supermarkets in Fiji, a developing nation that depends largely on imports, and Australia, a developed nation, is examined in this study. With a mixed-methods approach, the research evaluates supermarket tactics in both countries by combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative observations. Despite Australia’s and Fiji’s differences in size, economic structure, technological adaption capabilities and government capacity to facilitate disruptions, both countries faced the same impacts however the reaction and ability to mitigate those challenges were different. Even when the world has advanced towards technologies aiding in the smoothing of operations, there is still space for further advancement and testing the effectiveness of those implemented technologies in real-time. The research concludes by providing valuable insights and recommendations that supermarkets must adapt to in times of any future crisis.

Topic: Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Neural correlates of the experience of ugliness

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the experience of beauty is dependent upon the co‐activity of field A1 of the medial frontal cortex and sensory areas. This leaves us with the question of ugliness; are the same neural mechanisms involved in this experience, including neural activity patterns, or are different mechanisms at play? This question arises because ugliness, although often regarded as the opposite of beauty, could possibly be a distinct aesthetic category. Subjects were asked to rate faces according to how ugly they found them to be while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was moderate agreement in the experience of ugliness of faces among subjects. Univariate parametric analyses did not reveal any brain regions with increasing activity as the declared intensity of the experience of ugliness increased. In contrast, increasing activity appeared in the striatum and posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex with decreasing levels of ugliness. As with studies on facial beauty, representational similarity analysis revealed distinct neural activity patterns with the experience of facial ugliness in sensory areas relevant for face processing and in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, similar neural mechanisms appear to be involved in the experience of facial beauty and ugliness, the difference being the level and distribution of activity within the neural network. This suggests that ugliness and beauty are on the same aesthetic continuum.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Purification and properties of cholinesterases from honey bees-Apis mellifera and boll weevils--Anthonomus gandis

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and properties of cholinesterases from honey bees-Apis mellifera and boll weevils--Anthonomus gandisGeorge G. Guilbault, Shia S. Kuan, and Muhammad H. SadarCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 4, 692–697Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60170a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60170a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Visualising the Status of On-going Air Operations

To be useful during operations, a visual rendering must help planners and controllers (16-20 operators) to deconflict in real time, and must present the whole plan after completion so as to be readily comprehended by commanders and staff. Clearly a simple spreadsheet will not suffice for the required operations picture.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ist Standarddeutsch für Deutschschweizer eine Fremdsprache? Untersuchungen zu einem Topos des sprachreflexiven Diskurses

This paper is concerned with the question, whether the status of Standard German in German-speaking Switzerland is adequately described as that of a foreign language. It discusses typological aspects, language awareness and language ideologies among German-speaking Swiss people, the practice of language acquisition, the language use in private life and media and the linguistic discourse about the relationship between the use of Swiss German and Standard German. It argues that from a linguistic point of view in none of these fields a clear decision can be made whether Standard German is a foreign language or not. Thus, the authors suggest that the conceptual framework ought to be widened to adequately describe the status of Standard German in German-speaking Switzerland. Finally, they take occasion to develop the concept of "Sekundärsprache"/"secondary language" for language situations similar to that in German-speaking Switzerland.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences