jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conclusion

In what ways do different pro-migration activist interventions contribute to the formation of alternative horizons of solidarity and hope in the midst of a deadly ‘Mediterranean migration crisis’? And how effective is an appeal to human dignity in challenging the dynamics of power through which death and vulnerability have become regular and accepted? This book has set out to address these questions by undertaking a sustained analysis of the relationship between practices of governing migration (Part I) and activist interventions that seek to contest them (Part II). It has explored diverse narratives and framings of the so-called crisis of 2015–2016 (Chapter 1), various EU policy mechanisms and dynamics of power and violence that constitute contemporary practices of governing migration (Chapter 2), as well as different materialdiscursive processes of dehumanisation that create the conditions for the pervasive deaths and vulnerabilities of people on the move (Chapter 3). Moreover, by considering how the normalisation of death and vulnerability has been contested through diverse activist interventions, the book has examined attempts to facilitate safe passage and a welcoming arrival (Chapter 4), to enact effective rescues and document rights abuses at sea (Chapter 5) and to mark the graves of the dead in terms that account for the lives of those lost (Chapter 6). As well as exploring the ambiguities of different responses to unruly forms of migration that are unauthorised by states, I have also advanced an analysis of the ‘Mediterranean migration crisis’ as reflective of a more fundamental breakdown of a modern European form of humanism. In so doing, I have presented a series of reflections on crisis, humanism and dignity, with a view to exposing alternative horizons of solidarity and hope that go beyond a divisive politics that is embedded in a postcolonial present and orientated towards the security of home.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 933375: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine in patients presenting with risk factors for coronary heart disease

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) production in patients presenting with one or more risk factor (RF) for coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients and methods: Overall, 113 participants were enrolled in the study, including 45 patients presenting with risk for CHD (27 male and 18 female; aged 55.9 ± 6.4 years), 30 sex and age-matched middle-aged healthy controls (16 male and 14 female; aged 56.3 ± 8.4 years), and 38 young healthy controls (38 male; aged 24.6 ± 3.9 years). Results: No significant differences for ADMA and SDMA were recorded between patients groups presenting with risk for CHD. However, ADMA and SDMA were significantly higher in all examined patient groups (≥3 and 1–2 RF, hypertensive and non-hypertensive, obese and non-obese, diabetics and non-diabetics) compared with both control groups (middle-aged and young controls) (p&lt;0.001). ADMA significantly correlated with SDMA in ≥3 RF (p&lt;0.05), hypertensive (p&lt;0.05), non-obese (p&lt;0.05), non-diabetics (p&lt;0.01), as well in middle-aged (p&lt;0.05) and young controls (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Significantly higher ADMA and SDMA were found between patients presenting with risk for CHD (≥3 and 1–2 RF, hypertensive and nonhypertensive, obese and non-obese, diabetics and non-diabetics) and healthy, middle-aged and young controls. ADMA significantly correlated with SDMA in ≥3 RF, hypertensive, non-obese and non-diabetic patients, as well as in middle-aged and young controls.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LersGAN: A GAN-Based Model for Low-Light Remote Sensing Image Enhancement

Enhancement of low-light remote sensing imagery captured by drones presents substantial scientific and practical significance. Suboptimal illumination conditions frequently compromise image acquisition quality, particularly under device and environmental constraints. Such degradation not only diminishes visual perception but also impedes the accuracy of computer vision applications. To address these challenges, we propose the LersGAN&#x2014;an innovative unsupervised enhancement framework integrating cross-attention mechanisms with multiscale discriminators. The architecture incorporates three novel components: 1) a Cross-Enhanced Attention Module combining channel-wise and spatial additive attention for improved feature extraction; 2) multiscale discriminators for hierarchical feature evaluation; 3) a composite loss function, which consists of Discrete Cosine Similarity Loss, Fourier High-Frequency Loss, and Enhanced Image Entropy Difference Loss. Experimental validation shows that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in complex enhancement scenarios. We conduct ablation studies and comparative analyses to verify these results. The model is applied to UAV remote sensing applications. It reduces persistent noise, chromatic distortion, and illumination deficiencies while preserving textural details. Quantitative metrics and visual assessments confirm its technical advancement and operational superiority in low-light image restoration tasks.

Topic: Image Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative karyological analysis of some Turkish Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae)

This study investigated the somatic chromosome numbers and morphometric properties of 11 different taxa belonging to the genus Cuscuta L., which is one of the parasitic flowering plants and causes significant economic losses on agricultural products. For this purpose, the species were examined karyologically and compared statistically. Belonging to the genus Cuscuta, C. campestris Yunck., C. hyalina Roth, C. kotschyana Boiss., C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy, C. europaea L., C. kurdica Engelm., C. brevistyla A.Braun ex A.Rich, C. planiflora Ten., C. approximata Bab., C. lupuliformis Krock. C. palaestina Boiss. the chromosome number and morphology of the species were investigated using karyological techniques. Chromosome numbers of the species; C. kotschyana, C. babylonica, C. europaea, C. kurdica, C.planiflora 2n=14; C. campestris, C. hyalina, C. approximata, C. lupuliformis, and C. palaestina 2n=28 and C. brevistyla 2n=42 is determined. Also, the species’ chromosome number, total chromosome length, relative length, arm ratio, centromere index and centromere states, and karyotype asymmetry values were determined. Chromosome numbers of C. kotschyana and C. kurdica taxa were defined for the first time in this study. Thus, new data on the systematics of these species have been revealed.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Low Stress Oxide‐Polysilicon Sandwiched Microbridges

Residual stresses in thin films have an important bearing on the formation of free‐standing microstructures using conventional silicon technology. Thermal processing constraints become even more restrictive when multilayer composite microstructures are required. We report here on the fabrication of silicon dioxide‐polysilicon‐silicon dioxide microbridges with low residual stresses on crystalline silicon substrates using appropriate annealing procedures and an anisotropic etch.

Topic: Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Loop unitary and phase band topological invariant in generic multi-band Chern insulators

Quench dynamics of topological phases have been studied in the past few years and dynamical topological invariants are formulated in different ways. Yet most of these invariants are limited to minimal systems in which Hamiltonians are expanded by Gamma matrices. Here we generalize the dynamical 3-winding-number in two-band systems into the one in generic multi-band Chern insulators and prove that its value is equal to the difference of Chern numbers between post-quench and pre-quench Hamiltonians. Moreover we obtain an expression of this dynamical 3-winding-number represented by gapless fermions in phase bands depending only on the phase and its projectors, so it is generic for the quench of all multi-band Chern insulators. Besides, we obtain a multifold fermion in the phase band in (k, t) space by quenching a three-band model, which cannot happen for two band models.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Impassive Novel: “Brain-Building” in Walter Pater's<i>Mari us the Epicurean</i>

Walter Pater's writings advance an affective historicism: an embodied experience of the past that Pater conceived in dialogue with Victorian neuroscience. Pater theorized art's freedom from the present by drawing on insights into reaction time, the subject of influential scientific studies in nineteenth-century culture. His slow-moving prose lifts readers out of the now, while simultaneously binding them to material realities. These tendencies fueled charges of sexual deviance against The Renaissance (1873) insofar as medical and religious writers understood belated reactions as a symptom of effeminate ennui. But in Marius the Epicurean (1885), Pater reinscribes religious sentiments in terms of postponement. Its hero's sensory education, set in late classical culture, aligns the feeling of postponement with nascent doctrines of resurrection and temporal returns. After elaborating this account, the essay revises Georg Lukács's observations on weak secular heroes, extending queer scholarship to show how, through the feltness of the past, Pater's hero learns to resist incorporation into modern social forms.

Topic: Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Glancing incidence X‐ray analysis: Forgotten or to be discovered?

Abstract Many analysis methods can be used to characterize surfaces and interfaces of thin layered materials. Glancing incidence x‐ray analysis (GIXA) has the potential of being one of the most powerful and versatile analysis methods that can be used because it combines x‐ray reflectivity (XRR) and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF). This technique enables the non‐destructive determination of layer thickness, interface roughness and elementary depth profile. Sophisticated laboratory instrumentation is described which enables materials to be characterized in detail using newly developed analysis algorithms.

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
AI3SD Video: Calibrated deep representations and entropy based active learning for materials property prediction

This talk forms part of the ML4MC (Machine Learning for Materials and Chemicals Series which has been organised as a joint venture between the Artificial Intelligence for Scientific Discovery Network+ (AI3SD) and the Directed Assembly Network. This series ran over summer 2021 and covers topics that encompass our overlapping Network interests of AI, Machine Learning, Artificial Photosynthesis, Biomimetic Materials, Crystal Design &amp; Engineering, Materials, Molecules, Photochemistry, Photocatalysis and Supramolecular Chemistry. This video was the ninth talk in the ML4MC series and formed part of the session "Mentor Talks".

Topic: Machine Learning in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence and beta-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan: a four year study.

Prevalence of microorganisms was studies in clinical samples of various body fluids (n=12,259), collected from patients at Post graduate Medical Institute Hayatabad Medical Complex (PGMI, HMC) Peshawar. Only 34.90% of samples exhibited growth, 36.25% of these isolates were Gram positive and 63.75% were Gram negative bacteria. E. coli was the most prevalent organism (39.45%) followed by S. aureus (32.23%), Proteus spp. (9.23%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.54%), Streptococuss spp. (3.51%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.66%), Citrobacter spp. (2.8%), Providencia spp. (2.2%) and miscellaneous bacteria (1.38%). The growth of bacteria was high in pus samples (44.03%) followed by urine (38.21%), high vaginal swab (HVS) (8.58%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1.96%), blood (3.39%) and miscellaneous samples (3.83%). E. coli and S. aureus were the most prevalent organism in urine (56.57%) and pus samples (44.02%), respectively. The frequency of E. coli (61.76%) was high in samples collected from female patients and percentage of the infections caused by the S. aureus in male and female patients was 47.9 and 52.1, respectively. During the study period, frequency of the E. coli was high during April to October and the prevalence of S. aureus was very common during March to October. Consistent but insignificant increase in the beta-lactamase producing S. aureus and E. coli was observed throughout the period of the study. However, increase in the beta-lactamase producing S. aureus and E. coli was above 80%. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in E. coli was increased from 13.85% in year 2000 to 22.66% in year 2003. The increasing in prevalence of microorganism, particularly of beta-lactamase producing E. coli and S. aureus and ESLB is alarming situation. Various measured like prescribing and patient compliance are required to control the increase in the prevalence of microorganism.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formation and sustenance mechanism of bacterial diversity in nutrient-deficient environment of indoor stadium

<title>Abstract</title> Bacterial diversity has been found in indoor stadiums which can be considered as a specific nutrient-deficient environment (NDE), it remains a mystery and opens to new ideas why the bacterial diversity can be formed and maintained in NDE of indoor stadiums, since it is obvious to violate the famous competitive exclusion principle (CEP) in ecology. In the article, five most common genera, <italic>Pseudomonas</italic>, <italic>Acinetobacter</italic>, <italic>Exiguobacterium</italic>, <italic>Sphingobacterium</italic>, <italic>Chryseobacterium</italic> in indoor stadiums were selected and periodically sampled to supervise the dynamic characteristics of bacterial community. Based on quorum sensing (QS) and non-monotonic interspecific interaction (NMII) in combination with microbial ecology, clustering analysis and experimental observation, a new hypothesis was put forward to elucidate QS with NMII of substrate location information (SLI) mechanism driving bacterial community succession with high diversity in NDE of indoor stadium. A valid cellular automation (CA) model was derived from assumptions directly, and the CA simulation sufficiently proved that as a cell conducted either intraspecific and interspecific competition without SLI broadcasting and intraspecific and interspecific cooperation with SLI broadcasting, which were totally dependent on the number and type of cells occupying on its eight nearest neighboring grids, and could effectively weaken interspecific competition to form and sustain the bacterial diversity during bacterial community succession in NDE of indoor stadium. The CA simulation results proved that the proposed hypothesis can shed light on the underlying succession mechanism of bacterial community in NDE, and adequately explain observed phenomena and data. The finding of study offered a new insight on how bacterial diversity was formed and sustained in NDE of indoor stadium, and the succession mechanism confirmed by CA simulation can set up a theoretical framework for comprehensive apprehension about ecological effect of QS with NMII of SLI sharing on formation and sustenance of bacterial diversity in NDE of indoor stadium.

Topic: Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence of alien invasive plant species in vegetation syntaxa of Ukraine

Встановлена присутність 40 чужинних інвазійних видів рослин у фітоценозах 21 класу рослинності України, а також синтаксономічна приуроченість інвазійних видів до окремих союзів рослинності.Наведені види-трансформери природних і напівприродних рослинних угруповань

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimal concentration of tacalcitol in once-daily treatment of psoriasis

Tacalcitol, 1-alpha,24(R)-dihydroxy vitamin D3, is an analogue of calcitriol, 1-alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Topical tacalcitol used twice daily has been shown to be effective in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis. The optimal concentration for once-daily treatment is, however, unknown. A randomized, double-blind comparison of seven concentrations of tacalcitol (0.25–16 μg/g), tacalcitol vehicle ointment, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, calcipotriol (50 μg/g) and an untreated control area was therefore performed in 50 patients. The ointments (16 mg) were applied once daily to 11 2-cm circular areas of lesional psoriatic skin for 23 consecutive days. On days 1, 6, 11, 16, 20 and 24 the test areas were scored according to improvement. Erythema, infiltration and scaling were judged on a four-point scale and healing was judged in percent. The test system was sensitive and able to differentiate between the three positive controls: hydrocortisone butyrate, calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate. Tacalcitol at and above 1 μg/g produced a time-dependent effect on psoriasis which was significantly better than the vehicle control (P 0.05). The efficacy was concentration dependent up to a maximum of 4 μg/g. Using 4 μg/g the mean scores decreased from day 1 to day 24 as follows (95% confidence limits in parentheses): erythema, 2.64 (2.50–2.78) to 1.94 (1.76–2.12); infiltration, 2.48 (2.32–2.64) to 1.20 (1.01–1.39); scaling, 2.29 (2.11–2.47) to 1.26 (1.09–1.43); total score, 7.41 (7.00–7.80) to 4.4 (3.9–4.9). The mean degree of healing on day 24 was 50% (42–57%). In contrast, the vehicle control demonstrated only minor improvement on day 24 with a total score of 6.0 (5.5–6.5) and an average healing of 20% (13–27%). Topical tacalcitol treatment once daily demonstrated efficacy in psoriasis with a maximal effect at 4 μg/g.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Deep brain stimulation and neuroethics].

The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for mental disorders has been discussed in Japan from the viewpoint of ethical problems. Trials of experimental therapies require a basis of sound scientific rationale. New standard therapy emerges from such trials through detailed analysis of the outcome and side effects. Long-suffering patients with intractable symptoms may desperately seek an experimental therapy even though it has not yet been accepted as standard therapy. The ethical committee of each institution evaluates the level of scientific rationale and the expected level of benefits on the bias of the reported data, and decides whether the patients can receive the experimental therapy. However, the use of DBS for mental disorders is not based on sound scientific rational, since the disease mechanisms involved are far from understood. The data reported from the previous trials are insufficient for assuring the satisfactory results for mental disoder patients. Most institutions in Japan do not accept such levels of scientific rationale and expected benefits. Furthermore, from the cultural perspective, strong skepticism exists in Japan with regard to surgical interventions for mental disorders. Such an attitude is unexpectedly in harmony with many of the subjects currently discussed in the field of neuroethics. For example, who has the right to control DBS? How does someone decide the level of control of mental function by DBS? These questions are related to the discussion on how human society is formed and how the ethics are decided by considering both scientific rationale and human society.

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of symptom control on fatigue improvement in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective observational study

Background Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms found in patients with advanced cancer. There is interplay between fatigue and other symptoms.AimTo examine the factors associated with fatigue in patients with advanced cancer and the impact of symptom control on improvement in fatigue.Design Prospective observational study. Patients were assessed for symptom burden using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). All the study patients received standard palliative care. They were followed up 15–30 days after the first consult. Analysis of the results was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation, multiple linear regressions and logistic regression of fatigue with other variables. CTRI registration number REF/2014/02/006537.Setting/participantsPalliative Care clinic of a tertiary cancer care hospital, from January to June 2014. Patients had advanced cancer, were registered with the clinic, had ECOG ≤ 3, and ESAS fatigue score ≥ 1.Results 500 subjects enrolled at baseline. 402 completed the planned follow-up (median age, 52 years; 51.6% male). Significant improvement in the fatigue score was observed (p < 0.001) at follow-up. Haemoglobin, albumin levels, type of cancer, sites of metastasis, ECOG score, body weight, all items on ESAS scale (except drowsiness) were found to be significantly associated with fatigue at baseline (p < 0.05). The logistic regression model showed that improvement in haemoglobin and albumin levels and in severity of pain and dyspnoea, significantly improved fatigue scores at follow up.Conclusions Fatigue improved with the standard palliative care delivered at our specialty Palliative Care clinic. Certain clinical, biochemical factors and symptoms were associated with fatigue severity at baseline, improvement of which lead to lesser fatigue at follow up.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of CXCL13 in the formation of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ in multiple sclerosis

<ns4:p>Immunomodulatory therapies available for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) accomplish control and neutralization of peripheral immune cells involved in the activity of the disease cascade. However, their spectrum of action in the intrathecal space and brain tissue is limited, taking into consideration the persistence of oligoclonal bands and the variation of clones of lymphoid cells throughout the disease span. In animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a blockage of CXCL13 has resulted in modification of the disease course and it could work as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy in patients with MS in order to postpone disease progression. The development of therapeutic alternatives with ability to reduce the intrathecal inflammatory activity of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ to ameliorate neurodegeneration is mandatory.</ns4:p>

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences