jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring Mature-Aged Students’ Motives for Doctoral Study and their Challenges: A Cross Border Research Collaboration

Aim/Purpose: It aimed at investigating the motives and challenges of 15 mature-aged doctoral students at two education faculties in Australian and Asian contexts. Background: This cross-border research collaboration investigated the first international higher-research forum between two education faculties in Hong Kong and Australia. Methodology: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore partic-ipants’ self-reported experiences concerning the motivations and challeng-es of 15 mature-aged doctoral students. Contribution: The findings have important implications for global doctoral program de-velopment, international exchange forum organizations, intercultural capaci-ty building, academic enhancement and cross-border research collabora-tion. Findings: From interview data four overarching themes emerged: Taking calculated risks, Determination to succeed, Financial stress, and Balancing life and research. Recommendations for Practitioners: Recommendations include mentoring schemes, greater support for isolated students, and more opportunities for students to complete their PhD by publication. Recommendation for Researchers: More research is needed to investigate mature-aged students’ motives for embarking on study in diverse cultural contexts among different ethnic groups. Impact on Society: This study recognized the merits and potentials of mature students whose research contributes to their societies. Future Research: Future research directions include using multiple case study design, thus exploring diverse aspects of the existing sample in greater depth, as well as tapping into a new sample of students at risk of attrition at both faculties.

Topic: Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparing HEp-2 cell line with rat liver in routine screening test for antinuclear and antinucleolar autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases.

The comparative study of the human tumor cell line HEp-2 and rat liver for the detection of antinuclear and antinucleolar autoantibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence technic in routine screening test demonstrate that, taking titer and staining pattern into account, both substrates are able to separate autoimmune disease (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and primary biliary cirrhosis) patients from healthy subjects. The minimal screening test must include sera diluted 1:20 and 1:80. The capability of the HEp-2 substrate to reveal and to discriminate different speckled nuclear and nucleolar patterns explain its greater performance, notably in detecting anticentromere antibodies highly specific for the CREST syndrome and a speckled nuclear antibody frequently associated with primary biliary cirrhosis, allowing an earlier diagnosis of autoimmune diseases presenting these patterns.

Topic: Liver Diseases and Immunity
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Complications of Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms-A Case Series

ABSTRACT Retinal arterial macroaneurysms are distinct vascular lesions with a typically benign course. Laser treatment to these vascular lesions is controversial, and has been limited to cases of persistent macular edema. Devastating vision loss can occur, however, through vitreous or subretinal hemorrhage. We describe eight cases of retinal arterial macroaneurysms associated with subretinal or vitreous hemorrhage requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Final visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/400 at most recent follow up. Until reliable indicators of rupture are identified, we suggest consideration of laser photocoagulation to clinically active, identifiable retinal arterial macroaneurysms within the macula.

Topic: Retinal and Optic Conditions
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Everything Old Is New Again: The Re-emerging Public Health Right

This Article offers a contemporary examination of traditional public health objectives to address social problems not amenable to individual resolution. Taking the tradition a step further, it defines a “public health right” that may justify certain government actions that otherwise appear to impair individual rights. For example, lawmakers are considering whether current regulations on prescription drugs should be loosened to allow terminally ill patients to access drugs before they have been tested and approved for the general public. This Article concludes that expanding access to experimental drugs would violate the public health right to scientific knowledge and new drug development. The choice of a few patients to avail themselves of untested drugs depletes the “commons” of biomedical research. The Article concludes by briefly testing the public health right against other contemporary laws intended to promote public health and welfare, finding some but not all justified. Table of

Topic: Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
An Open-Source COVID-19 CT Dataset with Automatic Lung Tissue Classification for Radiomics

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a dramatic impact on society and healthcare systems. In this complex scenario, lung computerized tomography (CT) may play an important prognostic role. However, datasets released so far present limitations that hamper the development of tools for quantitative analysis. In this paper, we present an open-source lung CT dataset comprising information on 50 COVID-19-positive patients. The CT volumes are provided along with (i) an automatic threshold-based annotation obtained with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and (ii) a scoring provided by an expert radiologist. This score was found to significantly correlate with the presence of ground glass opacities and the consolidation found with GMM. The dataset is freely available in an ITK-based file format under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The code for GMM fitting is publicly available, as well. We believe that our dataset will provide a unique opportunity for researchers working in the field of medical image analysis, and hope that its release will lay the foundations for the successfully implementation of algorithms to support clinicians in facing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards A Virtue Theory of Art

In this paper I sketch a virtue theory of art, analogous to a virtue theory of ethics along Aristotelian lines. What this involves is looking beyond a parochial conception of art understood as work of art, as product, to include intentions, motives, skills, traits, and feelings, all of which can be expressed in artistic activity. The clusters of traits that go to make up the particular virtues of art production and of art appreciation are indeed virtues in part because, when they are expressed in artistic activity, that activity is chosen for its own sake, 'under the concept of art'; and also they are virtues in part because, when they are so expressed, the activities are themselves partly constitutive of human well-being, along with other activities, including leading an ethical life, and what Aristotle called contemplation. With a virtue theory of art before us, we can begin to see the point of art, to see why art matters to us as human beings. © British Society of Aesthetics 2007. All rights reserved.

Topic: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
FIGURE 6 in Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) Group, with Treatments of Known Taxa and Descriptions of New Species and New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

FIGURE 6. Nomenclature of female genitalia of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group used in this study illustrated by G. (P.) mandarinus mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879). A: lateral view, B: ventral view.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cuando Apolo mató a Ganymedes. El “texte .liij.” de la Epistre Othea

Christine de Pizan's Epistre Othea aims to show a variety of models about what does it mean to be a perfect knight. In her book she bases on several sources, among which the Ovide moralisé is one of the most important. Thus, it´s surprising that one of the used exempla conspicuously departs from the content of this work (and others that she knew) by introducing an episode in which Apollo kills Ganymede, not only in the text itself but also in the iconographic program that accompanies it in the manuscripts. This article tries to draw attention to this unique feature in order to seek some possible explanation.

Topic: Medieval Iberian Studies
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Aristotle on Ontological Dependence

Abstract Aristotle holds that individual substances are ontologically independent from non-substances and universal substances but that non-substances and universal substances are ontologically dependent on substances. There is then an asymmetry between individual substances and other kinds of beings with respect to ontological dependence. Under what could plausibly be called the standard interpretation, the ontological independence ascribed to individual substances and denied of non-substances and universal substances is a capacity for independent existence. There is, however, a tension between this interpretation and the asymmetry between individual substances and the other kinds of entities with respect to ontological independence. I will propose an alternative interpretation: to weaken the relevant notion of ontological independence from a capacity for independent existence to the independent possession of a certain ontological status.

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of an Alterable and Rotary Permanent Magnetic Field

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a system that can produce alterable and rotary permanent magnetic field is developed. It can be used for crystal growth, chemical crystal and biologic cell, etc. A homogeneous magnetic field can be produced in the central region by two annular permanent magnets, and the density of magnetic flux is controlled by changing the angle of the magnetic field produced by the inner annular magnet and that produced by the outer annular magnet. The angle can vary continuously from 0 to 180 degree, consequently, causing the density of magnetic flux varied from 0.006 to 0.18 Tesla. To obtain a rotary magnetic field, the two annular magnets are driven to rotate synchronously. After the wanted magnetic field is achieved, the relative position of the inner and the outer annular magnet is fixed, thus, the inner and outer annular magnets can rotate synchronously at a given speed. The rotation speed up to 20 rad/min can be achieved. A monitoring system, based on industrial computer, is used to set parameters to control the magnetic field and the rotation speed, and to show the real-time operation parameters and working status of the system. Through experimental verification, the measured data has good agreement with the given value. The system is also applied on a furnace for single crystal growth, the result shown that the quality of the single crystal being grown under magnetic field is significantly improved when compared to those grown under no magnetic field. </para>

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant <i>vitamin c-1</i>

Abstract The ozone-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant vitamin c-1 (vtc1) is deficient in l-ascorbic acid (AsA) due to a mutation in GDP-Man pyrophosphorylase (Conklin et al., 1999), an enzyme involved in the AsA biosynthetic pathway (Smirnoff et al., 2001). In this study, the physiology of this AsA deficiency was initially investigated in response to biotic (virulent pathogens) stress and subsequently with regards to the onset of senescence. Infection with either virulent Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica resulted in largely reduced bacterial and hyphal growth in the vtc1 mutant in comparison to the wild type. When vitamin c-2 (vtc2), another AsA-deficient mutant, was challenged with P. parasitica, growth of the fungus was also reduced, indicating that the two AsA-deficient mutants are more resistant to these pathogens. Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1 and PR-5 is significantly higher in vtc1 than in the wild type when challenged with virulent P. syringae. In addition, the vtc1 mutant exhibits elevated levels of some senescence-associated gene (SAG) transcripts as well as heightened salicylic acid levels. Presumably, therefore, low AsA is causing vtc1 to enter at least some stage(s) of senescence prematurely with an accompanying increase in salicylic acid levels that results in a faster induction of defense responses.

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Artificial immune algorithm in solving the channel assignment task

This paper investigates the potential of Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) in solving the channel allocation problem in wireless communication. The main objective is to find the minimum number of channels to satisfy the demands of a network without violating any given constraints. The proposed methodology is applied to new datasets which were generated based on user requirements. These new datasets consist of two hundred problem instances, which vary from easy and small to complex and difficult problem settings. Comparisons with other methods, i.e. randomized-based heuristic and Genetic Algorithm, are carried out to evaluate the performance of the AIS on this problem. AIS is shown to be an efficient methodology for this problem.

Topic: Artificial Immune Systems Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Template Synthesis of MoN Superconducting Nanowires

We have demonstrated a new facile method for the controllable synthesis of high quality single-phase MoN nanowires with Tc 10.5 K from Mo6S2I8 nanowires templates. The MoN nanowire diameters were controlled exclusively by the Mo6S2I8 nanowires template diameters, which were in the range between several tens and several hundreds of nanometers in this study. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Ohmic contacts can be prepared on δ3-MoN nanowires with ion beam induced platinum deposition using an FIB, allowing detailed characterization of the superconducting and transport properties of MoN nanowires. In addition, we have demonstrated straightforward synthesis of porous δ3-MoN nanowires and nanotubes from MoS2 nanotubes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with wave dispersive analysis, transmission electron microscopy, four probe electrical transport measurements and SQUID were used to characterize the starting nanowires and nanotubes and the final products.

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ASSESSING THE RISKS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CAPTIVE BREEDING AND REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS

Disease risks are an inherent part of captive breeding, translocation, and reintroduction programs and of research involving contact between researchers and animals. Thus, quantitative assessment of the risks of disease should be an important part of developing conservation strategies. Population viability analysis (PVA) and the use of computer modeling allows conservation planners to examine the potential effects of both the catastrophic and subcatastrophic effects of disease on long-term population viability, measured as probability of extinction, and to explore strategies to mitigate unacceptably high risks. The effects of diseases on the demographic, environmental, and genetic aspects of a population should be examined. Metapopulation management strategies that establish geographically separate populations are likely to provide protection against total population extinction due to single disease epidemics. However, to offset the genetic costs of smaller population size, movement of animals (under quarantined supervision) may be required.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimizing X-Ray Computed Tomography Settings for Dimensional Metrology Using 2D Image Analysis

The current way to choose X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning settings is usually manual and prone to operator errors. This paper presents an effective semiautomatic protocol that proves a high correlation between the local contrast-to-noise (CNR) of XCT two-dimensional (2D) projection image (prior to reconstruction) quality and the resulting XCT 3D volume scan quality. This high correlation allowed the comparison of four XCT settings to determine the one with the smallest error, solely by locally using the CNR equation on one 2D projection (prior to reconstruction) of an additive manufactured lattice structure. Verification of the protocol was done by using a workpiece and comparing the chosen XCT setting reconstructed workpiece dimensions to the ones measured using a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM). This new method can reduce the operator error and time needed to compare different XCT setting combinations. The proposed protocol is a step closer to an automated XCT parameter selection procedure, limiting user dependency and error while increasing accuracy and fidelity.

Topic: Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eclipsed by Orthodoxy: The Vanishing Point of Consideration and the Forgotten Ingenuity of the Indian Contract Act 1872

Abstract The definition of consideration in Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act 1872 substantially anticipated the far-reaching reforms to the orthodox doctrine of consideration that were proposed by the English Law Revision Committee (1937). These included making enforceable, through the doctrine of promissory estoppel, promises without consideration in the traditional sense that were meant to and did induce reliance; making enforceable a promise to perform a pre-existing duty; and making binding a promise to keep an offer open. The pivots of the definition in Section 2(d) were: a ‘subjective’ conception of consideration on which value was to be measured by the desire of the contractors alone, as opposed to an external standard; a concomitant purging of the traditional requirements of benefit and detriment; and the recognition of induced reliance as a form of consideration. The definition was designed to mark the vanishing point of consideration without having to formally abolish it. This design, however, went awry as courts and scholars in India projected the orthodox English model of consideration, replete with benefit and detriment, and external standards of value, upon this provision. Consequently, an ingenious piece of draftsmanship came to be eclipsed by orthodoxy.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Temperature dependence of kinetic parameters of single potential dependent K+ channels in mollusc neurons. Similarity in the action of potential and temperature].

Using the patch-voltage-clamp method on excised membrane fragments from molluscan neurones temperature dependences of kinetic parameters of the fast and slow K(+)-channels were investigated in the temperature range 1 to 40 degrees C. Temperature dependences of probability of the channel open state (P0) for the slow and fast K(+)-channels are, generally, opposite, that is P0 increases for the slow channel and decreases for the fast channel with temperature. Similar dependences characterize durations of single channel open intervals (tau 0) and burst durations (t(p)). Durations of interburst and interpulse intervals (respectively, t(i) and tau) decrease for the slow channel and increase, in contrast, for the fast channel with temperature. For the channels of both types temperature dependences of P0 (as for other parameters) are essentially nonmonotonous. There are two local extrema, at least: for the slow K(+)-channel-maximum at 15 degrees C (minimum for the fast channel) and minimum at 20-25 degrees C (maximum for the fast channel). In some cases the number of local extrema may be greater than two. Some similarity in the action of temperature and membrane potential on the kinetic parameters was observed. For the slow K(+)-channel P0, tau 0 and t p increase with temperature and membrane potential. For the fast channel these parameters decrease at the same conditions. Moreover, for the channels of both types temperature dependences of the kinetic parameters are slightly pronounced at the potentials where potential dependences of the parameters are least. As a whole, temperature measurements showed that there are, possibly, several points of structural transitions (similar to phase transitions) in the temperature range 0 to 40 degrees C. Primarily, the kinetic parameters are determined by these transitions.

Topic: stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Demographic and Seizure Variables, But Not Hypnotizability or Dissociation, Differentiated Psychogenic from Organic Seizures

Abstract Early detection and differential diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and epileptic seizures (ES) is a major clinical issue in comprehensive epilepsy centers. Using blind conditions with patients with PNES (N= 10) and ES (N= 31) before diagnosis, we tested the hypotheses that individuals with PNES would exhibit significantly greater dissociativity, hypnotizability, absorption, and history of early abuse than ES patients. Although PNES patients tended to show greater dissociative phenomena, only the last of our hypotheses was fully supported. Although absorption did not discriminate between the two diagnostic groups, it was significantly higher among those reporting early abuse. A logistic regression analysis using scores on dissociation, hypnotizability and absorption showed them to be poor predictors of diagnosis; however, other analyses revealed that female gender, reports of multiple trauma incidents lasting months or years, initial seizure onset in late teens or twenties, and daily seizure attacks significantly differentiated PNES from ES patients. Thus, demographic and seizure variables proved to be much better predictors of diagnosis than psychological dimensions often associated with PNES.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences