jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Postgraduate Students’ Experiences of the Online Forum in Myguru2

The integration of ICT in the higher education setting has progressed tremendously for the past 15 years. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) provides Myguru2 as a platform to meet the demand. The study investigated the postgraduate students’ experiences about the online group forum which is one of the features in Myguru2. Sixteen postgraduate students participated in the study to identify the issues and challenges in the online group forum. Results of the study showed that most of the postgraduate students perceived the online group forum as followed: 1) the online group forum was flexible, 2) it developed knowledge and thinking skills, 3) it provided a platform for students to exchange ideas and 4) it promoted active participation. Technical issues, poor internet connection, uninteresting discussion and time limitations were challenges in participating in the online group forum. Based on the results, suggestions for improvement were provided.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The pharmacokinetics and safety of idelalisib in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

2592 Background: Idelalisib (IDELA) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kδ, which has been shown to be prominently expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. IDELA is metabolized primarily by aldehyde oxidase to form GS-563117 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A and UGT1A4. The mass balance study of IDELA in healthy subjects showed the radioactive dose administered was recovered mainly in feces (~78%). The objective of this study was to evaluate the PK and safety of IDELA/GS-563117 in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment following administration of a single oral dose of IDELA. Methods: Eligible subjects categorized by the Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) classification system with moderate (Class B: CPT score 7-9) or severe (Class C: CPT score 10-15) hepatic dysfunction and matched healthy subjects received a single oral dose of IDELA at 150 mg under fed condition. Blood samples were collected and IDELA/GS-563117 levels were measured. Geometric least-squares mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of PK exposure parameters in the hepatic impairment group(s) versus matched controls were calculated, with clinically relevant exposure change defined as ≥ two-fold increase. Safety assessments were performed throughout the study. Results: A total of 32 subjects were enrolled in the study. The majority of subjects were white (87.5%) males (71.9%) and median age was 52 years. Most treatment-emergent AEs and laboratory abnormalities were Grade 1 or 2 in severity. Overall study treatments were generally well tolerated. IDELA Cmaxwas generally comparable in the subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment vs healthy controls, while mean AUC was higher (58% to 60%). GS-563117 exposures were lower in hepatic impaired vs healthy control subjects, likely due to lower formation in the setting of liver impairment. These changes are not considered to be clinically relevant. Exploratory analyses indicated no relevant relationships between the IDELA or GS-563117 plasma exposures and CPT score. Conclusions: No clinically relevant changes in IDELA and GS-563117 exposures were observed in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment versus matched healthy subjects. Single oral doses of IDELA 150 mg were well tolerated.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Post-Harvest Activities And Marketing Of Cassava In Obudu Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

The performance of post-harvest activities on agricultural produce by farmers could reduce their forceful disposal of produce to consumers at cheap prices at the farm gate level as a result of absence of organized markets for the sale of agricultural produce at the moment. This study determined the relationship between post-harvest activities and marketing of cassava in Obudu local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. In specific terms, the study determined the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents and relationship between transportation, processing, storage and marketing of cassava in the study area. Four research questions were answered and the correlational research design was used. The sample size for the study was126 comprising 112 registered cassava farmers and 14 processors. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect the data. A 25-item structured questionnaire was used in collecting the quantitative data, while focused group discussions (FGD) was used for generating qualitative data. Face validity of the instrument was done by three experts and Cronbach Alpha reliability index of 0.76 was obtained. Data collected was analyzed using percentages to answer research question one and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis to answer research questions 2-4. The study found out that a moderate relationship exists between transportation, processing and marketing of cassava while a weak relationship existed between storage and marketing of cassava. It was concluded that a positive relationship exists between post-harvest activities and marketing of agricultural produce and recommended among others things thathe extension outreach programme of the Ministry of Agriculture should encouraged farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural production value chain to adopt appropriate post-harvest activities in the handling of agricultural produce generally and cassava in particular

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gravitational collapse and the vacuum energy

To explain the accelerated expansion of the universe, models with interacting dark components (dark energy and dark matter) have been considered recently in the literature. Generally, the dark energy component is physically interpreted as the vacuum energy of the all fields that fill the universe. As the other side of the same coin, the influence of the vacuum energy on the gravitational collapse is of great interest. We study such collapse adopting different parameterizations for the evolution of the vacuum energy. We discuss the homogeneous collapsing star fluid, that interacts with a vacuum energy component, using the stiff matter case as example. We conclude this work with a discussion of the Cahill-McVittie mass for the collapsed object.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
‘These uncomfortable times’: conformity and the godly ministers 1628–1638

Delivering his last provincial account in 1632, Archbishop Abbot informed the King that ‘there is not in the Church of England left any inconformable minister which appeareth’, although the bishops of London and Lincoln had been forced to deprive two or three divines, ‘whom no time can tame, nor instruction conquer’. Six years later, William Juxon, the Bishop of London, made his annual report to Abbot's successor, William Laud, and, after taking note of a brief squabble in the city occasioned by ‘some over-nice curiousities’ expressed in the pulpit, claimed ‘there is but one noted refractory person that stands out in that diocese, and he is now under suspension’. These accounts present, from either end of the decade, a diocese essentially at peace, with the occasional disciplinary duty and an infrequent need for peacemaking falling under the pastoral eye of the bishop. The task of this section is to scratch beneath the surface of this picture to test its validity, to see if this was a decade of tranquillity and to measure the perception of the ecclesiastical establishment against that of the godly ministers. In the course of the discussion a number of themes emerge: firstly, I will examine in a little detail the experience of Thomas Hooker between 1628 and 1633 to see how debates among the godly, particularly regarding the Prayer Book ceremonies, underwent a crucial transition during these years. The issues which animate these ministers lead us to variations in response to changing perceptions: it becomes possible to discuss different trajectories of experience and gain an insight into their doubts and resolutions.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationships between the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields and 2-D affine image transformations, with application to covariance properties of simple cells in the primary visual cortex

When observing the surface patterns of objects delimited by smooth surfaces, the projections of the surface patterns to the image domain will be subject to substantial variabilities, as induced by variabilities in the geometric viewing conditions, and as generated by either monocular or binocular imaging conditions, or by relative motions between the object and the observer over time. To first order of approximation, the image deformations of such projected surface patterns can be modelled as local linearizations in terms of local 2-D spatial affine transformations. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of relationships between the degrees of freedom in 2-D spatial affine image transformations and the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields. For this purpose, we first describe a canonical decomposition of 2-D affine transformations on a product form, closely related to a singular value decomposition, while in closed form, and which reveals the degrees of freedom in terms of (i) uniform scaling transformations, (ii) an overall amount of global rotation, (iii) a complementary non-uniform scaling transformation and (iv) a relative normalization to a preferred symmetry orientation in the image domain. Then, we show how these degrees of freedom relate to the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model. Finally, we use these theoretical results to consider whether we could regard the biological receptive fields in the primary visual cortex of higher mammals as being able to span the degrees of freedom of 2-D spatial affine transformations, based on interpretations of existing neurophysiological experimental results.

Topic: Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Meeting the demands of highly precise Ion Beam Therapy - how a flat-panel detector can improve conformance tests

Radiotherapy with scanned particle beams enables a highly precise dose conformity to the target region while surrounding healthy tissue is widely spared. This leads to increased demands on the verification of the applied parameters of the beam and treatment plans. In several studies the potential of the commercially available amorphous silicon flat-panel detector RID 256-L (Perkin Elmer, Germany), originally designed for photon imaging, to meet these demands, and to simplify, fasten and extend clinically required conformance tests was investigated. The experiments were performed at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center HIT, which employs a synchrotron and a raster scanning technique for patient treatments with proton and carbon ion beams. At HIT daily tests of the beam parameters including spot position, spot width and homogeneity of a scanned field are performed. A direct comparison with the currently used radiographic films showed that the flat-panel detector offers an adequate alternative to films, while being substantially faster. Furthermore, the detector was used to measure the water equivalent thickness of different samples and to obtain a high-resolution carbon ion computed tomography employing an energy scanning technique. This method offers a powerful tool to evaluate the performance of treatment planning algorithms by studying beam range uncertainties. The presented studies show that the investigated flat-panel device allows to enhance the acquired information in ion beam verification measurements and provides high spatial resolution, sensitivity and speed. It is therefore highly attractive to be used in measurements meeting the clinical needs.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ruthenium Dihydrogen Complex for C–H Activation: Catalytic H/D Exchange under Mild Conditions

Abstract Catalytic H/D‐exchange reactions were studied with [Ru(dtbpmp)(η 2 ‐H 2 )(H) 2 ] ( 1 ) as catalyst. Under mild reaction conditions (25–75 °C) a wide range of arenes and olefins undergo H/D exchange with [D 6 ]benzene. A preference for protons at sp 2 carbons was observed with conversions up to &gt;90 % and significant regioselectivity in certain cases. For more reaction insights NMR‐based kinetic studies were performed with naphthalene as substrate, revealing an activation energy of 15.8 kcal mol –1 for the H/D exchange at the β‐position. Furthermore, the key steps of the reaction mechanism were investigated by means of DFT calculations for both model complexes (PMe 2 donor sites) and real catalysts (P t Bu 2 donor sites). The calculations resulted in Gibb's free activation energies in the range of 10–16 kcal mol –1 , indicating H/D exchange at the β‐position of naphthalene to be clearly favoured over the α‐position, which is in full accordance with the experimental observations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
9 The Neighborhood Marketplaces of Yaxnohcah

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the identification of Maya neighborhood marketplaces during the Late/Terminal Classic period (550‐900 CE) in the urban landscape of Yaxnohcah, Campeche, Mexico. We use a configurational and contextual approach to identify four marketplaces that are situated in a strategic inner ring 1.5–2.5 km from the epicenter of the city. Physical features of the marketplaces include a plaza area of 2000–3100 m 2 , low perimeter platforms surrounding the plazas, multiple corner entries, easy access to pedestrian corridors, association with large elite households or civic complexes, and equidistance from other neighborhood marketplaces. Artifact frequencies within the plaza support the identification of these complexes as markets, while a locational analysis identifies the service area of each. Finally, we consider the role of these marketplaces as anchors for residential zones during the Late Classic period.[Maya, Campeche, Late Classic, Neighborhoods, Marketplaces]

Topic: Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acute Response to Captopril as a Predictive Test for Surgery in Renovascular Hypertension

To test the hypothesis that acute angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition might predict the postoperative blood pressure outcome, a single oral dose of captopril ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg, was given to 26 patients with renovascular disease and its hypotensive effect was compared with that of surgery (21 patients) or of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (5 patients). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.001) from 179.9 +/- 5.4/114.1 +/- 2.1 to 148.4 +/- 3.8/94.1 +/- 1.9 after captopril and to 141.1 +/- 3.7/88.9 +/- 2.0 at least 3 months after operation. Postoperative pressure values were directly related to those after captopril (SBP: r = 0.65, p less than 0.001; DBP: r = 0.45, p less than 0.05) as were their absolute decrements (SBP: r = 0.70, p less than 0.001; DBP: r = 0.64, p less than 0.001). However, after captopril, individual pressure tended to be higher (and their decrements to be lower) than after operation. 12 out of 19 patients cured by surgery were considered cured by captopril, while 5 out of the remaining 7 were improved and 2 not cured. The 6 patients improved by surgery or PTA were also improved by captopril and the only patient not cured by surgery was not cured by captopril. Therefore, if we consider both cure and improvement as a positive result, the captopril test gave 23 true-positive, 1 true-negative and 2 false-negative responses. Taken together, these data suggest that acute ACE inhibition may be an useful tool in predicting postoperative blood pressure of patients with renovascular disease.

Topic: Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Carpet Packaging: As A Tool For Branding And Enhancing Durability, Case Study: Jaipur Rugs Private Limited, Jaipur

Packaging performs a central role as a medium in the marketing mix. It not only specifies the character of new products, but also acts as a tool to create shelf impact. Packaging showcases the level of creativity, innovation that has gone into manufacturing the product. This study is an attempt to explore and establish various options available for the packaging and branding of carpets/rugs. A two stage research was conducted. First stage was the normative approach of conducting a focus group discussion, involving skilled and veteran artist s along with participants from middle management. A structured survey, on the basis of the conclusion of the focus group discussion, was conducted among the workers doing the packaging of the end product. The focus of the study was on identifying high quality packaging options to showcase the exclusivity of the product and enhance the durability for shipping and freight.

Topic: Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Response to reviewers 1 and 2

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are extreme weather events that can alleviate drought or cause billions of dollars in flood damage. By transporting significant amounts of latent energy towards the poles, they are crucial to maintaining the climate system&rsquo;s energy balance. Since there is no first-principles definition of an AR grounded in geophysical fluid mechanics, AR identification is currently performed by a multitude of expert-defined, threshold-based algorithms. The variety of AR detection algorithms has introduced uncertainty into the study of ARs, and the algorithms' thresholds may not generalize to new climate datasets and resolutions. We train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect ARs while representing this uncertainty; we name these models ARCNNs. To detect ARs without requiring new labeled data and labor-intensive AR detection campaigns, we present a semi-supervised learning framework based on image style transfer. This framework generalizes ARCNNs across climate datasets and input fields. Using idealized and realistic numerical models, together with observations, we assess the performance of the ARCNNs. We test the ARCNNs in an idealized simulation of a shallow water fluid, in which nearly all the tracer transport can be attributed to AR-like filamentary structures. In reanalysis and a high-resolution climate model, we use ARCNNs to calculate the contribution of ARs to meridional latent heat transport, and we demonstrate that this quantity varies considerably due to AR detection uncertainty.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bias determination and precision validation of ozone profiles from MIPAS-Envisat retrieved with the IMK-IAA processor [Discussion paper]

This paper characterizes vertical ozone profiles retrieved with the IMK-IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe – Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) science-oriented processor from high spectral resolution data (until March 2004) measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the environmental satellite Envisat. Bias determination and precision validation is performed on the basis of correlative measurements by ground-based lidars, Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and microwave radiometers as well as balloon-borne ozonesondes, the balloon-borne version of MIPAS, and two satellite instruments (Halogen Occultation Experiment and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III). Percentage mean differences between MIPAS and the comparison instruments for stratospheric ozone are generally within ±10%. The precision in this altitude region is estimated at values between 5 and 10% which gives an accuracy of 15 to 20%. Below 18 km, the spread of the percentage mean differences is larger and the precision degrades to values of more than 20% depending on altitude and latitude. The main reason for the degraded precision at low altitudes is attributed to undetected thin clouds which affect MIPAS retrievals, and to the influence of uncertainties in the water vapor concentration.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of a discrete-time repairable queue with disasters and working breakdowns

In this paper, we analyse a discrete-time queue with a primary server of high service capacity and a substitute server of low service capacity. Disasters that only arrive during the busy periods of the primary server remove all customers from the system and make the primary server breakdown. When the primary server fails and is being repaired, the substitute server handles arriving customers. Applying the embedded Markov chain technique and the supplementary variable method, we determine the distribution of the system length at departure epochs and the joint distribution of the queue length and server’s state at an arbitrary instant. Then we derive the sojourn time distribution. We also provide the probability generating function of the time between failures. Some numerical examples are delivered to give an insight into the impact of system parameters on performance measures and a cost function.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Theory of Thermal Convection in Polar Ice Sheets

Abstract Application of thermal convection theory to polar ice sheets (Hughes, 1970, 1971. 1972[a],[c]) is reviewed and expanded. If it occurs, thermal convection is mainly concentrated near the bed of the ice sheet; resulting in active and passive convective flow, respectively below and above the ice density inversion. Convection begins as transient creep when a stress-independent critical Rayleigh number is exceeded, and stabilizes as steady-state creep when a stress-dependent critical Rayleigh number is exceeded. Transient- creep convection begins as unstable ripples in isotherms near the bed, with some ripples becoming upward bulges of basal ice which rapidly shrink laterally and grow vertically to become ascending dikes of recrystallized basal ice during steady-state creep. Sills of basal ice are injected horizontally between weakly coupled layers in the strata of cold ice slowly sinking en masse between dikes. Convection begins under domes of thick ice toward the ice-sheet center and a stable polygonal array of dikes may form if frictional heat creates hot ice at the bed as rapidly as convection flow redistributes hot basal ice in dikes and sills, Advective flow transports the converting ice toward the margin of the ice sheet where dikes converge at the heads of ice streams. Dike—sill convection then becomes ice-stream convection in which the entire ice stream behaves like a dike, uncoupling from the bed, and rising en masse . This would help explain why ice streams flow at surge velocities.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences