jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy (irinotecan combined with platinum) followed by camrelizumab combined with apatinib in the first-line treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer: A phase II study.

8573 Background: The treatment mode of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is mainly based on the comprehensive treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. IMpower133 study, suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy first-line treatment for advanced SCLC may bring new research directions of clinical benefit. Previous study suggested that the combination of anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab and VEGFR-2 inhibitor apatinib significantly improved antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy (irinotecan combined with platinum) followed by camrelizumab combined with apatinib in the first-line treatment of SCLC. Methods: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled in this single-center, single-arm study. During the induction treatment phase, Patients received camrelizumab (200mg q3w), irinotecan (65 mg/m2, q3w) and platinum (cisplatin: 30 mg/m2, carboplatin: AUC=4̃5), after 4-6 cycles, the patient entered the maintenance phase, and then patients received camrelizumab combined with apatinib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Treatment efficacy was assessed every 3 cycles (6 weeks). The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and overall survival (OS), which are based on RECIST 1.1. Results: At data cut-off (Jan 10, 2022), 20 extensive-stage SCLC patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients were evaluable. Median age was 64 years, male accounts for 85.0% (17/20). Median follow-up was 5.0 months (range 0.4̃17.6 months). Of 18 evaluable patients, no one achieved complete response Partial response was achieved by 17 (94.4%) patients and stable disease exhibited by 1 (5.6%) patient. The ORR and DCR were 94.4% and 100%, respectively. mPFS and mDoR have not been reached. In terms of adverse events (AEs), reactive cutaneous capillary hyperplasia (RCCEP) was observed in 10 (47.6%) patients 10 patients. Grade III-IV AEs were observed in 7 (35.0%) patients with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin reduction, leukopenia, rash. The rest were grade I-II AEs. Conclusions: The treatment in this study showed impressive ORR and DCR, and acceptable toxicity, and may be a promising method as a first line treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT04453930.

Topic: Lung Cancer Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROKSIAPATIT [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] DARI BATU KAPUR DENGAN METODE SOL-GEL

Batu kapur digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk sintesis dan karakterisasi hidroksiapatit dengan metode sol-gel. Kalsinasi pada batu kapur, dilakukan pada suhu 1000oC selama 12, 16, dan 20 jam untuk mendapatkan senyawa CaO dengan kristalinitas yang tinggi. Suspensi CaO direaksikan dengan prekursor posfat H3PO4 dengan waktu pengadukan selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam, kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 60oC selama 1 hari. Proses sinter terhadap hasil sintesis hidroksiapatit dilakukan pada suhu 800 dan 900oC selama 3 jam. Selanjutnya, dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM. Analisis dengan menggunakan XRD menunjukkan probabilitas kemurnian hidroksiapatit tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu pengadukan selama 2 jam dengan suhu sinter 900oC yaitu 73,68421% dengan kristalinitas sebesar 90,867% serta rata-rata ukuran diameter kristal sebesar 23,35351 nm. Gugus-gugus fungsi yang diidentifikasi dengan FTIR, menunjukkan adanya gugus OH-, CO32-, dan PO43-. Morfologi struktur hidroksiapatit yang dianalisis dengan SEM, menunjukkan adanya gumpalan dari permukaan hidroksiapatit serta aglomerasi dari setiap partikel dengan bentuk pori yang berukuran kecil.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Wall-Mounted Robot Arm Equipped with 3-DOF Roll-Pitch-Pitch Counterbalance Mechanism

The use of high-capacity motors and harmonic drives increases the manufacturing cost and the energy consumption of the robot. It is well known that most motor torques are used to support the robot mass and payload. To deal with this problem, we propose a wall-mounted 3-DOF roll-pitch-pitch counterbalance mechanism (CBM). Unlike previous CBMs used for floor-mounted industrial robot arms, the proposed CBM can be applied to wall-mounted robots in which the first three joints are all coupled and affected by gravity. This mechanism is composed of pure mechanical components such as coil springs, differential gear structure, and belt-pulley system. A 6-DOF robot arm equipped with the proposed CBM was fabricated to verify the performance of gravity compensation. It is shown that the proposed 3-DOF CBM can effectively compensate for gravitational torques, thus drastically reducing the motor torques required to operate the robot.

Topic: Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jan Metzger, Martin Orth, and Christian Sterzing, This Land is Our Land: The West Bank under Israeli Occupation (London:Zed Press, 1983). Pp. 273. - Alexander Schölch, ed., Palestinians Over the Green Line: Studies in the Relations between Palestinians on Both Sides of the 1949 Line Since 1967 (London: Ithaca Press, 1983). Pp. 207.

Jan Metzger, Martin Orth, and Christian Sterzing, This Land is Our Land: The West Bank under Israeli Occupation (London:Zed Press, 1983). Pp. 273. - Alexander Schölch, ed., Palestinians Over the Green Line: Studies in the Relations between Palestinians on Both Sides of the 1949 Line Since 1967 (London: Ithaca Press, 1983). Pp. 207. - Volume 17 Issue 3

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using the Fourier transform to compute the weight distribution of a binary linear block code

An analytical technique is presented to compute the weight distribution of a linear block code by performing a Fourier analysis involving certain matrices obtained from the code trellis. The proposed method is general, easy to implement, and can be used without having to traverse the trellis or carry out tedious analytical work. The introduced technique can be used as a flexible analytical tool to capture the weight structure of the code with application to problems involving analysis and/or design.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Causal Knowledge as a Resource for Selective Scientific Realism

The main challenge for selective scientific realism is to find reliable and prospectively applicable criteria on which parts of scientific theories one should be realist about. Many of the criteria proposed by selective realists have been shown by antirealists not to yield the correct results when applied to cases from the history of science, or at least to depend in their application on the benefit of hindsight. Taking account of these past failures, I propose a new version of selective scientific realism, inspired by Anjan Chakravartty’s idea of restricting realism to those posits of which we have detailed causal knowledge.

Since this proposal bears some resemblance to earlier realist ideas, such as Stathis Psillos’s attempt to identify the “core causal description” of theoretical entities or Philip Kitcher’s distinction between “working posits” and “idle wheels”, I will first show that my proposal does not repeat the shortcomings of these earlier strategies. I will then seek to make precise the relevant notion of causal knowledge by elucidating three (individually necessary and jointly sufficient) criteria for those instances of inference to the best explanation generating the kind of knowledge that warrants realism. The virtues of this kind of selective realism will become apparent in my discussion of how the realist should respond to Kyle Stanford’s argument from unconceived alternatives.

In the final part of my talk, I will briefly present two case studies that illustrate and support my proposal. The first one concerns Jean Perrin’s experimental work on the atomic hypothesis. Drawing on Stanford’s criticism of earlier realist treatments of this historical episode, I will show that the criteria previously introduced furnish a better account of the importance of Perrin’s work for establishing realism about atoms and molecules. The second case study demonstrates the strength of selective scientific realism in making sense of what particle physicists call the “direct detection” of a theoretically predicted particle. Analyzing the discovery of the neutrino, I show that my version of selective realism precisely captures what differentiates the direct detection of a particle from other (less convincing) means of confirming its existence.

Reference: Egg, Matthias, “Expanding Our Grasp: Causal Knowledge and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives”. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67 (2016), 115-141.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Refractory hypertension complicated with Turner syndrome: A case report

Abstract Hypertension is commonly classified into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension, although definitive classification can be challenging in some cases. Here, we discussed a patient who admitted for refractory hypertension, exhibiting various clinical manifestations including inadequate estrogen secretion, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, primary amenorrhea, short stature, multiple moles, and somatic abnormalities. The patient was finally diagnosed with Turner syndrome (TS) based on clinical findings and chromosomal analysis. The genetic karyotype identified was 46,X,i(X)(q10).

Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

A case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with multiple areas of mismatch on ventilation-perfusion lung imaging in the absence of pulmonary embolism is presented. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is one of the few nonembolic diseases producing a pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch. In this condition, chest radiographs may not detect the full extent of disease, and xenon-133 ventilation imaging may be relatively insensitive to morbid changes in small airways. Thus, when examining patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one should be aware that abnormal perfusion imaging patterns without matching ventilation abnormalities are not always due to embolism. In this setting, contrast pulmonary angiography is often needed for accurate differential diagnosis.

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea;var. hypogaea L. ICG 3957

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea;var. hypogaea L.<br>Common name(s): Groundnut<br>Other names: Castle cary, ICG 3957<br>Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India<br>Local sample unique identifier: ICG 3957<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1977-03-01<br>Other identifiers: n/a,GGP 1542<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Power Quality Improvement in Renewable-Energy-Based Microgrid Clusters Using Fuzzy Space Vector PWM Controlled Inverter

An increased electricity demand and dynamic load changes are creating a huge burden on the modern utility grid, thereby affecting supply reliability and quality. It is thus crucial for modern power system researchers to focus on these aspects to reduce grid outages. High-quality power is always desired to run various businesses smoothly, but power-electronic-converter-based renewable energy integrated into the utility grid is the major source of power quality issues. Many solutions are constantly being invented, yet a continuous effort and new optimized solutions are encouraged to address these issues by adhering to various global standards (IEC, IEEE, EN, etc.). This paper therefore proposes a concept of establishing a renewable-energy-based microgrid cluster by integrating various buildings located in an urban community. This enhances power supply reliability by managing the available energy in the cluster without depending on the utility grid. Further, a “fuzzy space vector pulse width modulation” (FSV-PWM) technique is proposed to control the inverter, which improves the power supply quality. This work uniquely optimized the dq reference currents using fuzzy logic theory, which were used to plot the space vectors with effective sector selection to generate accurate PWM signals for inverter control. The modeling/simulation of the microgrid cluster involving the FSV-PWM-based inverter was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink®. The efficacy of the proposed FSV-PWM over the conventional ST-PWM was verified by plotting voltage, frequency, real/reactive power, and harmonic distortion characteristics. Various power quality indices were calculated under different disturbance conditions. The results showed that the use of the proposed FSV-PWM-based inverter adhered to all the key standard requirements, while the conventional system failed in most of the indices.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Auditory discrimination, attention, learning, and memory in paranoid schizophrenics

The present research was designed to assess auditory discrimination, attention, memory, and learning in paranoid schizophrenic patients using a dichotic listening procedure consisting of attending to a signal or a story channeled only to one ear. A sample of 24 paranoid schizophrenics and 24 normal controls volunteered. In Experiment 1, 12 schizophrenics and 12 controls attended to the signal while shadowing the story. The task of the other 12 clinical and 12 normal subjects in Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 with the exception that the subjects did not shadow the story. In each experiment, subjects completed three trials as well as three evaluations of the story. The results indicated that schizophrenics showed substantial attentional deficits in comparison to normal controls.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Technology and Performance Study of a Two-Line Monolithic X- and $\gamma$-Ray Detection Chip Based on Semi-Insulating GaAs

Technology, electrical characteristics and detection performance of a novel recently developed and fabricated 64-pixel two-line array chip for detection of X- and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\gamma$</tex></formula> -rays based on semi-insulating GaAs from three different producers are reported and compared. The chip has dimensions of cca (16 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 4 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 0.25) mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex> </formula> . A single pixel has an active area of (300 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula> 190) <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> with a pitch of 250 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m. The distance between two lines is 360 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m. The reverse current density (at 295 K) of a single pixel at a bias voltage of 200 V ranges from 90 to 140 nA/mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> . The breakdown voltage ranges between 250 and 500 V. Pulse-height spectra of radionuclide <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{241}\!$</tex> </formula> Am in the top irradiation mode are demonstrated. The best spectrometric performance is achieved with the Freiberger material. The charge collection efficiency of about 85% and energy resolution in the full width at half maximum better than 8.6 keV for the 59.5 keV photopeak was reached at 295 K and bias of 300 V.

Topic: Particle Detector Development and Performance
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Minimal Res idual Disease Tests Prov ide an Independent Predic tor of Cl in ica l Outcome in Adult Acute Lymphoblast ic Leukemia

(MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using molecular markers has proven superior to other standard criteria (age, sex, and WBC) in distinguishing patients at high, intermediate, and low risk of relapse. The aim of our study was to determine whether MRD investigation is valuable in predicting outcome in Phil-adelphia-negative adult patients with ALL. Patients and Methods: MRD was assessed in 85 adult patients with B-lineage ALL by semiquantitative immunoglobulin H gene analysis on bone marrow sam-ples collected during four time bands in the first 24 months of treatment. Fifty patients received chemother-apy only and 35 patients received allogeneic (n 19) or autologous (n 16) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in first clinical remission. The relationship be-tween MRD status and clinical outcome was investi-gated and compared with age, sex, immunopheno-type, and presenting WBC count. Results: Fisher’s exact test established a statistically significant concordance between MRD results and clin-ical outcome at all times. Disease-free survival (DFS) rates for MRD-positive and-negative patients and log-rank testing established that MRD positivity was asso-ciated with increased relapse rates at all times (P &amp;lt;.05) but was most significant at 3 to 5 months after induction and beyond. MRD status after allogeneic BMT rather than before was found to be an important predictor of outcome in 19 adult patients with ALL tested. In patients receiving autologous BMT (n 16), the MRD status before BMT was more significant (P .005). Conclusion: The association of MRD test results and DFS was independent of and greater than other stan-dard predictors of outcome and is therefore important in determining treatment for individual patients.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Insights, Future Directions in Primary Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorders

The spectrum of CD30+ lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin includes CD30+ cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis, as well as borderline cases. These entities constitute the second most common group of cutaneous lymphomas according to the newly revised World Health Organization and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus classification. Recent progress in immune and molecular biology, and identification of therapeutic targets have increased our understanding of these diseases and have led to novel treatment approaches. This review will provide an update on recent findings of immunologic, molecular, cytogenetic features and treatment strategies for patients with CD30+ lympho-proliferative diseases.

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Private Aliyah: Konfino and Aliyah bet from Bulgaria, 1939 to 1940

Abstract Private initiative in illegal aliyah organization was not entirely financially motivated. True, thousands of Jews were saved by businessmen, seamen, and adventurers who found an opportunity to reap a profit in the Jews’ desperation to leave Europe by any means. In addition, a number of individuals associated with Zionist movements were also involved in the phenomenon of private aliyah. For these organizers, aliyah activities, while at times generating a financial return, primarily constituted a Jewish Zionist response that was aimed at rescuing Jews.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Econometric Decomposition of Aggregate Data: Application to the EU-15 Average Cattle Slaughter Weight

The level of aggregation of reported data has limited the proper accounting of live animals in most, if not all, livestock models, making the consistency of their underlying biologics suspect. We develop an econometric methodology to decompose a wide range of aggregate data. This method is applied to estimate a disaggregated average cattle slaughter weight for calves, cows, and other cattle from total beef production data in the European Union. The estimated model gave acceptable statistical properties and estimated slaughter weights that closely correspond to reported sample-based slaughter weights across all cattle categories. The model has a good fit, no serial correlation, and highly significant coefficients with consistent signs. Standard validation statistics suggest that the model is able to track well both the mean and variability of the actual average cattle slaughter weight. Furthermore, other decompositions using the same methodology were successful in other countriesNew Zealand, and Mexico; other sectorssheep; and other aggregate datadairy and beef calving rates.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences