jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Optics Studies on the MAX IV Storage Rings

The MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, houses two electron storage rings operating at the energies 1.5, and 3 GeV. Both of these produce high-brilliance synchrotron radiation for beamline users. While the 1.5 GeV storage ring is a conventional third generation storage ring, employing a double-bend achromat structure, the MAX IV 3 GeV ring is the first realised fourth generation synchrotron. This ring employs a 7-bend achromat lattice structure to achieve a horizontal emittance of a few hundred pmrad. The multi-bend achromat design is the basis for many fourth generation synchrotron light sources. These lattice designs often require strong non-linear magnets in order to achieve their desired performance in terms of momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture, which in turn is needed to achieve the requirements in terms of beam lifetime and injection efficiency. The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring itself is no exception, as it has a large number of chromatic sextupoles designed to minimize quadratic chromaticity. It also employs largely harmonic octupoles to minimise the amplitude-dependent tune shifts. Because of the high requirements of the fourth generation storage rings' non-linear magnets, it is of general interest to find schemes which allow for accurate tuning of these elements, as well as the characterisation of the non-linear optics of the accelerator. Schemes of these types are already well established when dealing with the linear optics of a storage ring, and need now be developed further for the non-linear case. This thesis presents schemes and results regarding the characterisation, correction, and optimisation of the non-linear optics of the MAX IV storage rings. These studies are mainly focussed on the MAX IV 3 GeV ring, but are aimed to be general enough that they can be applied on most fourth or third generation storage rings. This thesis also presents a specific case of the non-linear dynamics of a storage ring, where its properties are used to achieve pseudo single bunch through transverse resonance island buckets.

Topic: Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Decoding the effect of fibroblast heterogeneity on prognosis and drug resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer through tumor evolution analysis

<title>Abstract</title> Tumor heterogeneity is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance, leading to therapeutic failure. Here, we used tumor evolution analysis to determine the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and analyze the correlation between tumor heterogeneity and prognosis, as well as chemotherapy response, through single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis. We collected and curated 28 HGSOC patients’ single-cell transcriptomic data from five datasets. Then, we developed a novel text-mining-based machine-learning approach to deconstruct the evolutionary patterns of tumor cell functions. We then identified key tumor-related genes within different evolutionary branches, characterized the microenvironmental cell compositions that various functional tumor cells depend on, and analyzed the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity as well as the tumor microenvironments. These analyses were conducted in relation to the prognosis and chemotherapy response in HGSOC patients. We validated our findings in two spatial and seven bulk transcriptomic datasets (total: 1,030 patients). Using transcriptomic clusters as proxies for functional clonality, we identified a significant increase in tumor cell state heterogeneity that was strongly correlated with patient prognosis and treatment response. Furthermore, increased intra- and intertumoral functional clonality was associated with the characteristics of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The spatial proximity between CXCL12-positive CAFs and tumor cells, mediated through the CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction, was highly positively correlated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in HGSOC. In this study, we constructed a panel of 24 genes through statistical modeling that correlate with CXCL12-positive fibroblasts and can predict both prognosis and the response to chemotherapy in HGSOC patients.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Iran’s Regional Foreign Policy

The relationship between Iran and the United States has been troubled for decades. In the view of many Iranians, the troubles came into sharp focus with a CIA-backed coup against Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq in 1953. Many Americans would point to the Iranian Revolution of 1979 as a watershed. In that year, Islamist militants occupied the US embassy in Tehran and captured sixty-six Americans, fifty-two of whom were held hostage for 444 days. The United States broke off diplomatic relations with Iran in 1980 and has not restored them since. However, relations between the two countries were not always so difficult. Prerevolutionary Iran under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was largely pro-Western in orientation and even maintained close ties with Israel. Even given the radical reversal of Iranian foreign policy in the postrevolutionary Islamic Republic of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian policy objectives have modulated over time under successive administrations. In this chapter, Manochehr Dorraj considers how the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) drove a wedge between Iran and moderate Arab regimes such as Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia (which all supported Iraq) and strengthened Iran's regional alliance with Syria, as well as with radical Palestinian groups opposed to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), such as Hamas. A major objective of the Islamic Republic was to empower populist and radical Shiite groups, commonly in opposition to secular Sunni Arab governments. With the death of Ayatollah Khomeini, President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani sought to rebuild relations with Arab states in the region. President Mohammad Khatami continued and expanded Rafsanjani's efforts to reach out to Iran's neighbors and the rest of the world. Khatami condemned the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States, handed over a number of al-Qaeda members for trial, and contributed funds for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. For its pains, however, Iran (with Iraq and North Korea) was labeled a member of the "axis of evil" by US President George W. Bush. That rebuff by the United States weakened Iranian moderates and helped set the stage for the election of the hard-liner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who turned to Russia and China for support, solidified relations with Syria as well as Hamas and Hezbollah, and demonstrated a vituperative hostility toward Israel.

Topic: Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nanoencapsulated Antimicrobial Carriers in Packed Food

For several years, it has been concluded that foodborne diseases are the main cause of numerous gastrointestinal issues. These foodborne diseases are also responsible to weaken the digestive system and reduce the immune power of an individual. For decades, a variety of chemical preservatives and antimicrobial agents have been used to extend the shelf life of food products, but rising demand for organic and chemical-free foods has led to the development of a new method of food packaging: the encapsulation of nanoparticles to reduce microbial spoilage and improve food quality. Therefore, in this chapter, different types of food encapsulation methods have been mentioned with their applications.

Topic: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison of sensory posterior articular nerves of the knee (SPANK) block versus infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (IPACK) block when added to adductor canal block for pain control and knee rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty---A prospective randomised trial

Background and Aims: Adductor canal block (ACB), though an effective procedure for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), does not provide analgesia to the posterior articular aspect of the knee joint. Infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (IPACK block) and sensory posterior articular nerves of the knee (SPANK block) are two single injection techniques that have been shown to provide effective analgesia in posterior knee pain. This study aims to compare the effect of IPACK block and SPANK block when combined with ACB for analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation in TKA. Methods: A total of 82 patients were randomised into two groups: (1) ACB combined with IPACK, (2) ACB combined with SPANK block. The primary outcome was the pain scores from 6 h to 48 h after surgery and the duration of postoperative analgesia. The secondary outcome measures were 24 h opioid consumption, ambulation parameters like mobilisation ability, quadriceps muscle strength and patient satisfaction score at discharge. Results: Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores at rest and on movement, duration of analgesia, total opioid consumption, and patient satisfaction were significantly better ( P &lt; 0.05%) in the IPACK group than in the SPANK block. There were no significant differences in the knee rehabilitation parameters between the blocks. Conclusion: ACB with IPACK block offers better analgesia, less opioid consumption and better patient satisfaction with comparable knee rehabilitation parameters in the immediate postoperative period after TKA compared to ACB with SPANK block.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Usability Evaluation of Mobile-Based Application for Javanese Script Learning Media

Indonesian people should actively preserve Indonesian culture. A way to preserve Indonesian culture can be done by using Javanese scripts as a local content subject at elementary to middle school level. In the conventional learning method, almost all teachers teach writing Javanese manuscript with conventional instructional media by using a white board. We proposed a mobile application that can help students to learn how to write Javanese script in attractive way by using their finger. Since this application still in prototype stage, further study and analysis of the usability of this application are necessary to validate the feasibility in real implementation. Usability testing using USE questionnaire had been conducted to find out if application of Javanese script writing can be accepted by users. We give 30 questions about usability to 5 respondents that are familiar with android application. The result show that, the proposed application is acceptable to users in term of Usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning and satisfaction.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)

Prenatal sensory stimulation can have facilitative or interfering effects upon subsequent perceptual learning and development in bobwhite quail. Exposure to moderate amounts of unimodal prenatal sensory stimulation has been shown to accelerate early intersensory responsiveness, while exposure to concurrent prenatal bimodal sensory stimulation has been shown to interfere with perceptual learning and development. An immediate mechanism that may underlie this developmental intersensory interference is the arousal level of the organism associated with exposure to prenatal bimodal stimulation. Concurrent bimodal stimulation is known to elicit significantly higher levels of behavioral arousal and heart rate in bobwhite quail embryos. This study investigated the possibility that increased arousal associated with prenatal bimodal stimulation could have enduring effects upon subsequent postnatal behavioral organization and perceptual abilities in bobwhite quail. Subjects were exposed to one of three prenatal stimulation regimes: (a) concurrent bimodal (auditory/visual) stimulation, (b) unimodal auditory stimulation, or (c) no supplemental stimulation. Chicks exposed to concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation demonstrated significantly greater levels of behavioral activity as well as decreased social behavior in the open-field when compared to unimodal auditory subjects and controls. Additionally, prenatal bimodal exposure may have led to a failure to utilize multimodal maternal cues in determining species-specific perceptual preferences in the days following hatching. All exposure groups demonstrated postnatal auditory learning of a maternal call, thus no interference effect was found for concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation on postnatal auditory learning. These results suggest that concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation has enduring effects upon postnatal behavioral arousal that may impact perceptual responsiveness of bobwhite quail in the days following hatching.

Topic: Marine animal studies overview
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The flow fields in and around a droplet moving axially within a tube

A solution is presented for the flow field in and around a single spherical droplet or bubble moving axially at an arbitrary radial location, within a long circular tube. In the tube there is viscous fluid flowing with a constant Poiseuillian velocity distribution far from the droplet. The settling velocity of the droplet or bubble is \begin{eqnarray*} U = \frac{2(\rho_i-\rho_e)ga^2}{9\mu_e}\frac{1+\alpha}{\frac{2}{3}+\alpha}\left[1-\frac{2+3\alpha}{3(1+\alpha)}\left(\frac{a}{R_0}\right)f\left(\frac{b}{R_0}\right)\right]+U_0\left[1-\left(\frac{b}{R_0}\right)^2\right.\\ \left. - \frac{2\alpha}{2+3\alpha}\left(\frac{a}{R_0}\right)^2\right] + O\left(\frac{a}{R_0}\right)^3. \end{eqnarray*} This is a general equation and it contains as special cases the familiar solutions of Stokes, Hadamard-Rybczynski, Brenner &amp; Happel, Greenstein &amp; Happel and Haberman &amp; Sayre. The function describing the deviation of the interface from sphericity is solved and an iterative procedure is suggested for obtaining higher order solutions.

Topic: Micro and Nano Robotics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary material for "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps"

Supplementary material for "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps"

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Preliminary Trial of Fluoxetine in Refractory Borderline

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by many of the symptoms associated with serotonin dysregulation, including affective lability, suicidal behaviors, and impulsive aggression. These provide an ideal clinical model for studying the treatment of these serious symptom presentations. The recent development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine makes it possible to study the role of serotonin in the etiology of affective and behavioral dyscontrol in borderline personality disorder. In this preliminary medication trial, 5 borderline personality disorder patients with severe symptoms resistant to phenelzine and neuroleptics were treated openly with fluoxetine 20 to 40 mg for 8 weeks, with weekly ratings of symptoms. The findings from this work suggested efficacy for fluoxetine in treating the depressive and impulsive symptoms of refractory patients with borderline personality disorder.

Topic: Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE BUTTERFLY <i>EUPHYDRY AS EDITH A.</i> III. SELECTION AND THE PHENETICS OF THE JASPER RIDGE COLONY

The previous papers in this series (Ehrlich, 1961, 1965; Labine, 1964) dealt with the structure and ecology of the colony of Euphydryas editha on the Stanford Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area. Intensive studies were carried out in the years 1960 to 1964 inclusive, but some information was available from earlier years. In this paper the phenetic variation in the colony during the period is described and interpreted.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Image-based dynamic modeling of phase transformation in hybrid SMA&lt;/title&gt;

The main interest of this study is to investigate phase transformation behavior in hybrid SMA under moderate dynamic loads. A hybrid SMA is described as a two-component composite made of dense SMA matrix with pores, and a passive or active material that fills the pores. The dynamic behavior of hybrid SMA under strain rates of 1000 /s is investigated by incorporating the porous mesostructure in the finite element analysis. X-ray computed micro tomography (XCMT) images are employed to synthesize statistical information and probabilistic algorithms are utilized in obtaining suitable representative finite element meshes. The effective constitutive response of hybrid SMA is obtained by simulating the split Hopkinson bar test of the finite element specimen. A parametric study based on volume fraction of the filler material is carried out. A comparison of hybrid SMA and porous SMA is also performed.

Topic: High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Myocardial injection of a thermoresponsive hydrogel with reactive oxygen species scavenger properties improves border zone contractility

Abstract The decrease in contractility in myocardium adjacent (border zone; BZ) to a myocardial infarction (MI) is correlated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that injection of a thermoresponsive hydrogel, with ROS scavenging properties, into the MI would decrease ROS and improve BZ function. Fourteen sheep underwent antero‐apical MI. Seven sheep had a comb‐like copolymer synthesized from N ‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and 1500 MW methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, (NIPAAm‐PEG1500), injected (20 × 0.5 mL) into the MI zone 40 min after MI (MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500) and seven sheep were MI controls. Cardiac MRI was performed 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500. BZ wall thickness at end systole was significantly higher for MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500 (12.32 ± 0.51 mm/m 2 MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500 vs. 9.88 ± 0.30 MI; p = .023). Demembranated muscle force development for BZ myocardium 6 weeks after MI was significantly higher for MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500 (67.67 ± 2.61 m N /m 2 MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500 vs. 40.53 ± 1.04 MI; p &lt; .0001) but not significantly different from remote myocardium or BZ or non‐operated controls. Levels of ROS in BZ tissue were significantly lower in the MI + NIPAAm‐PEG1500 treatment group (hydroxyl p = .0031; superoxide p = .0182). We conclude that infarct injection of the NIPAAm‐PEG1500 hydrogel with ROS scavenging properties decreased ROS and improved contractile protein function in the border zone 6 weeks after MI.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A case of vestibular disorder without hearing loss or tinnitus caused by otosyphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Otosyphilis is a type of neurosyphilis; in otosyphilis, cochleovestibular dysfunction could be due to a lesion of the inner ear itself or of the eighth cranial nerve. In most cases, otosyphilis manifests as sensorineural hearing loss. We report a rare case of a 56-year-old male patient who developed vestibular symptoms, including dizziness and vertigo, caused by otosyphilis. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a 3-week history of dizziness and vertigo. He did not have deafness or tinnitus. All the serological tests for syphilis, including the T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), the rapid plasma reagin test, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test, were positive. Tests for HIV antibody were negative. The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests on the cerebrospinal fluid were also positive. On clinical neurological examination, the Romberg test was positive, and he had spontaneous nystagmus toward the left side and direction-changing positional nystagmus. Caloric tests revealed no response on the right side, indicating canal paresis. No cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (c-VEMP) response was observed on the right side. Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed as having otosyphilis, and treated with penicillin G (24 million units/day) for 14 days. Two months after the treatment, the vestibular symptoms resolved and the abnormal nystagmus disappeared completely.

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Re: Lymphovascular Invasion and Presence of Embryonal Carcinoma as Risk Factors for Occult Metastatic Disease in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Oct 2020Re: Lymphovascular Invasion and Presence of Embryonal Carcinoma as Risk Factors for Occult Metastatic Disease in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jerome P. RichieMD Jerome P. RichieJerome P. Richie More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001221.01AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Lymphovascular Invasion and Presence of Embryonal Carcinoma as Risk Factors for Occult Metastatic Disease in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." The Journal of Urology, 204(4), p. 881 © 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 204Issue 4October 2020Page: 881-881 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jerome P. Richie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Topic: Testicular diseases and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences