jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees: Session Introduction

F or those of us involved with the Department of Defense (DoD), 40 years ago the DoD implemented local com­ mittee oversight and approval responsibilities over re­ search activities. Twenty-five years ago, as you have been reminded, USDA and NIH implemented major revisions to their regulations and policies, respectively, to create what we now know as animal care and use committees. Our three panelists will cover the past, present, and future of the mul­ tiple activities these committees perform to advise and sup­ port the humane and appropriate care and use of laboratory animals. Our first speaker is Dr. Ralph Dell, who is now a private consultant. Previously he served as Director of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research at the National Research Council and as Chairman of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Columbia University. Dr. Dell re­ ceived his MD from the University of Pennsylvania and is board certified in Pediatrics. He is a Council member emeri­ tus for AAALAC International. Our next speaker, Dr. Kathryn Bayne, is the Global Director for the Association of Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International. In this role, she directs the accreditation program worldwide, traveling exten­ sively to advance AAALAC’s accreditation program and laboratory animal welfare. Prior to this position, she worked at the NIH leading a research program on nonhuman primate psychological well-being and environmental enrichment programs for primates, cats, dogs, and swine. She has pub­ lished over 40 articles on the subject, is a certifi ed animal behaviorist, and is internationally renowned for her work in laboratory animal behavior. She has also published exten­ sively on accreditation of laboratory animal programs.

Topic: Animal testing and alternatives
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
On the granting nature protection status to the Polesie State Radiation and Ecological Reserve

The Polesie State Radiation and Ecological Reserve (PSRER) has been operating since 1988 within the Belarusian sector of the evacuation (exclusion) zone after the Chernobyl accident. The specific composition of radionuclide fallout, the presence of fuel particles in ecosystems and the high density of radioactive contamination of the soil determined the “reserve” status of PSRER and long-term strategic aspects of its development. The key objectives of creating PSRER are to implement a set of measures to prevent the removal of radionuclides beyond its territory, the study of the state of natural plant complexes, wildlife, radiation and environmental monitoring, and radio-biological and radio-ecological research. At the same time, despite its high conservation potential, PSRER is not a specially natural protected area (SNPA). The article presents the results of analysis of the compliance of the PSRER territory with the general and special criteria for selecting natural territories for SNPA granting, established by Article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Specially Natural Protected Areas”. There are compelling reasons for giving this natural territory the status of SNPA with the category of a reserve: the territory meets 5 general criteria (criteria 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7) and all 3 special criteria presented for declaring natural territories a reserve.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Unfolding the mysteries of heterogeneity from a high-resolution perspective: integration analysis of single-cell multi-omics and spatial omics revealed functionally heterogeneous cancer cells in ccRCC

The genomic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a considerable intra-tumor heterogeneity, which is a significant obstacle in the field of precision oncology and plays a pivotal role in metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. The mechanisms of intra-tumor heterogeneity in ccRCC have yet to be fully established. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) data from a single-cell multi-omics perspective. Based on consensus non-negative matrix factorization (cNMF) algorithm, functionally heterogeneous cancer cells were classified into metabolism, inflammatory, and EMT meta programs, with spatial transcriptomics sequencing (stRNA-seq) providing spatial information of such disparate meta programs of cancer cells. The bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed high clinical prognostic values of functionally heterogeneous cancer cells of three meta programs, with transcription factor regulatory network and motif activities revealing the key transcription factors that regulate functionally heterogeneous ccRCC cells. The interactions between varying meta programs and other cell subpopulations in the microenvironment were investigated. Finally, we assessed the sensitivity of cancer cells of disparate meta programs to different anti-cancer agents. Our findings inform on the intra-tumor heterogeneity of ccRCC and its regulatory networks and offers new perspectives to facilitate the designs of rational therapeutic strategies.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Unmasking Explanation and the ‘Unreality’ Of Colour

Abstract Argues against the idea that reality is purely physical and can be totally captured by scientific explanation, thus excluding colour from reality. Counters exclusive physicalism by arguing that explanation does not necessarily constitute a true account of the world and its supposedly subjective qualities, and scientific language does not go beyond the limits of the physical. Raises questions about the link between physical and psychological phenomena and about the view of perception as separate from what is perceived, and argues that an understanding of the perception of colour is required in order metaphysically to unmask its link to physicality.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Roger Bacon on nature

This chapter studies the role and development of the idea of nature in Bacon's thought. The properties of nature that can be detected from the examination of these works are five. First, the term nature refers to both the "general agent" of everything that is within the scope of natural matter and the "essence" or "the distinctive character of the identity of something." Second, by defining nature as a force which causes action in the bodies, Bacon gives ontological consistency to the functional notion of nature according to the Aristotelian definition of it as "intrinsic principle of motion and rest." Third, by resuming Avicenna's distinction between natura universalis and natura particularis, Bacon attributes to both of them the function of virtus regitiva, i.e. the power that rules both the totality of material bodies and each of them individually. Fourth, nature is at work in the processes of generation and corruption, transformation, and movement of elementary bodies. Celestial bodies are not properly natural, but the virtus that causes in the natural bodies the principium of motion and rest derives from them. Fifth, action according to nature (naturaliter, per modum nature) is uniform and operates according to the rules of the light rays. The regular order of natural action, which Bacon expresses with the term lex, is articulated in lex nature particularis and lex nature universalis. On these foundations, the human intellect can ally with nature itself, not only imitating it but bringing it to perfection and even performing seemingly magical or miraculous works, although these are actually produced in accordance with lex nature. This makes it possible for Roger Bacon to deny the validity of any form of magic.

Topic: Historical Philosophy and Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The shape of the river: long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions

The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions By William G. Bowen and Derek Bok. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. xxxvi, 472. $24.95. The Shape of the River is a provocative, genuinely fascinating book. Doctors Bowen and Bok, past presidents of Princeton and Harvard, respectively, have overseen the collection and analysis of massive time-series databases on the lifetime achievements of tens of thousands of college students, and they have produced a landmark work. That the book has some rather pronounced shortcomings is not a serious deficiency because the authors have, after all, tackled some very difficult empirical problems. Knowledgeable econometricians will certainly note that the strong conclusions offered by Bowen and Bok sometimes outrun what their analyses are capable of supporting. Yet the straightforward econometric models that make up the core of the book's analytical content are creative and the outcomes are thought-provoking. This volume moves forward our understanding of the current debate about the wisdom of race-sensitive college admissions, and it will stand as a most important and influential study of affirmative action generally in the forseeable future. Amid all of the facts and figures, one conclusion stands out: The nation's most selective colleges and universities have succeeded both in increasing substantially their enrollment of minority students in recent decades and in educating sizable numbers who have already gone on to achieve considerable success (however measured). Rest assured that numerous alternative measures of success were explored. In light of all the answers provided in the Bowen-Bok study, it is useful to ask oneself repeatedly, while reading this volume, what the questions are? The authors seek to measure the consequences of race-sensitive admissions policies that the nation's most selective schools have pursued now for 30-plus years. No matter how many alums one chooses to survey, one is still left with a well-known phenomenon called selection bias. Much of this book is devoted to reporting the results of a statistical study of 1951, 1976, and 1989 matriculants at 28 highly selective colleges and universities. Some 45,000 of them responded to the survey, but I would really like to know what would have happened to those respondents, particularly the minority students, if affirmative action had never been initiated. A random assignment experiment would have been nice. Harvard, for example, could have selected 600 minority applicants for inclusion in its class of 1976, using its prevailing race-sensitive admissions policies. …

Topic: Higher Education Research Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of an Electrostatic Ruler Motif for Sequence-Specific Binding of Collagenase to Collagen

Sequence-specific cleavage of collagen by mammalian collagenase plays a pivotal role in cell function. Collagenases are matrix metalloproteinases that cleave the peptide bond at a specific position on fibrillar collagen. The collagenase Hemopexin-like (HPX) domain has been proposed to be responsible for substrate recognition, but the mechanism by which collagenases identify the cleavage site on fibrillar collagen is not clearly understood. In this study, Brownian dynamics simulations coupled with atomic-detail and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to dock matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) on a collagen IIIα1 triple helical peptide. We find that the HPX domain recognizes the collagen triple helix at a conserved R-X11-R motif C-terminal to the cleavage site to which the HPX domain of collagen is guided electrostatically. The binding of the HPX domain between the two arginine residues is energetically stabilized by hydrophobic contacts with collagen. From the simulations and analysis of the sequences and structural flexibility of collagen and collagenase, a mechanistic scheme by which MMP-1 can recognize and bind collagen for proteolysis is proposed.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Characteristics of Fashion Illustration in the Fashion Industry

본 연구에서는 연도별, 시즌별 패션 일러스트레 이션을 분류하여 특성을 분석하였으나 예상한 결 과 이상의 유의한 결과가 나타나지는 않았다· 하지 만 장기적으로 데이터를 수집하여 분석한다면 패션 산업에서 활용되고 있는 패션 일러스트레이션 의 경향을 비교 분석할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다· 현재 패션 산업에서 활발하게 활용되고 있는 패션 일러스트레이션은 앞으로도 패션 상품 디자인 에 있어 중요한 요소가 될 것이다· 본 연구는 패션 산업에서 활용되고 있는 패션 일러스트레이션의 표현 특성을 고찰한 연구로 향후 상업적 도구로 패션 일러스트레이션을 활용하고자 할 경우에 기초적인 학술 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

Topic: Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Incomplete linear tibial fractures in two horses.

Incomplete linear tibial fractures were identified in two horses with the aid of scintigraphy. Both horses were treated successfully by strict stall confinement, and both returned to normal athletic activity. Scintigraphy can be used to facilitate the generally difficult diagnosis of incomplete tibial fractures.

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Residues in Young Veal Calves After Consumption of Milk Containing Penicillin

Residues in urine, kidney, and muscle following consumption of milk containing procaine penicillin G were determined in 4- to 8-day-old Holstein bull calves. Calves were fed milk diluted 1:1 with water. Nine control calves received diluted milk only while 8 calves received diluted milk containing 6,600 IU penicillin/kg (low group), and 10 calves received 13,200 IU/kg of milk consumed (high group). Urine samples were collected over 11 h after each morning feeding for 3 days. Calves were slaughtered on day 4 of trial and kidney, muscle, and urine samples obtained. Urine was tested for residues with the Live Animal Swab Test and tissues by the Swab Test on Premises. Both tests are microbiological assays used for detecting growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. No residues were detected in urine of control calves. Residues in urine were detected in 6 calves in the low group and 7 calves in the high group after feeding. At slaughter, residues were in 3 of 5 urine samples from calves in the low group and 8 of 10 calves in the high group. However, no residues were detected in kidney or muscle of control or treated calves.

Topic: Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Light‐Controlled Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Vanadium‐Doped Tungsten Disulfide Semiconducting Monolayers

Abstract Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors hold enormous potential for modern optoelectronic devices and quantum computing applications. By inducing long‐range ferromagnetism (FM) in these semiconductors through the introduction of small amounts of a magnetic dopant, it is possible to extend their potential in spintronics. Here, light‐mediated, room temperature (RT) FM, in V‐doped WS 2 (V‐WS 2 ) monolayers is demonstrated. The authors probe this effect using the principle of magnetic LC resonance, which employs a soft ferromagnetic Co‐based microwire coil driven near its resonance in the radio frequency regime, where it is highly sensitive to changes in magnetic flux. They use this to measure the magnetic permeability of the V‐WS 2 monolayer subject to light illumination. Notably, the magnetic permeability of the monolayer is found to depend on the laser intensity, thus confirming light control of RT magnetism in this material. Guided by density functional theory calculations, they attribute this phenomenon to the presence of excess holes in the conduction and valence bands, as well as carriers trapped in the magnetic doping states, which mediates the magnetization of the V‐WS 2 monolayer. These findings provide a unique route to exploit light‐controlled ferromagnetism at RT and potentially establish a new subfield named photo‐spintronics.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cashew nut-based beverage: development, characteristics and stability during refrigerated storage

Abstract A cashew nut-based beverage was obtained using broken cashew kernels and its composition and stability were evaluated during refrigerated storage for 60 days. Sensory tests were performed to define the formulation, testing the best proportion between kernels and water, the effect of kernel roasting, the ideal sweetness, the beverage attributes and the sensory acceptance. A cashew nut beverage can be obtained by grinding the kernel with water in the proportion of 1:10 (m/m) with added sugar at 3%, followed by heat treatment at 140ºC for four seconds. The proximate composition was 11.49% total solids, 0.26% ashes, 1.83% proteins, 3.97% lipids and 5.43% total carbohydrates. The pH remained above 6.49 and the color darkened during storage. The product was considered microbiologically safe and shelf-stable for at least 2 months, and sensory acceptance remained at an average value of 7.1 on a 9-point hedonic scale.

Topic: Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pitting Degradation Modeling of Ocean Steel Structures Using Bayesian Network

Modeling depth of long-term pitting corrosion is of interest for engineers in predicting the structural longevity of ocean infrastructures. Conventional models demonstrate poor quality in predicting the long-term pitting corrosion depth. Recently developed phenomenological models provide a strong understanding of the pitting process; however, they have limited engineering applications. In this study, a novel probabilistic model is developed for predicting the long-term pitting corrosion depth of steel structures in marine environment using Bayesian network (BN). The proposed BN model combines an understanding of corrosion phenomenological model and empirical model calibrated using real-world data. A case study, which exemplifies the application of methodology to predict the pit depth of structural steel in long-term marine environment, is presented. The result shows that the proposed methodology succeeds in predicting the time-dependent, long-term anaerobic pitting corrosion depth of structural steel in different environmental and operational conditions.

Topic: Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Continuing professional development of a Mathematics teacher

This paper discusses the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of a mathematics teacher involved in a FAPESP research project that studies the potential of implementing teaching through interdisciplinary projects that have statistical education as an integrating axis. It seeks to answer these questions: what teacher learning was evidenced by the teacher in her narratives, and which perspective of Continuing Professional Development generated such learning? To answer those two questions, a narrative investigation is taken not only as a methodology but also as a way to construct reality since it is anchored as an ontology. The narrative favors evidence about the experience perceived and seen as an account, capturing the details and richness of human affairs’ meanings, based on evidence from the world and life. Experience is reconstructed by reflecting on what was lived and giving sense to what happened. Holistic analysis of the form will help find the best expression for the plots expressed in the accounts. The results reveal the practice of a teacher-researcher who autonomously exercises her teaching to include actions of creativity, self-criticism, collaboration, self-ethics, and reflexivity brought about by continuing professional development based on reimagination.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Photon-number-solving Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution

Practical photon sources are weak coherent sources so that multiphoton pulses are inevitable. In order to beat an eavesdropper's photon-number-splitting (PNS) attack, we present a photon-number-resolving decoy state (PDS) quantum key distribution scheme. Decoy pulses are used to detect Eve's PNS attack. Because of the photon number of an arriving pulse can be resolved, a lower upper bound of tagged signal of multiphoton pulses is obtained. Such upper bound is independent on the losses of quantum channel, so that our PDS scheme can be used no matter how high the quantum channel is. Quantum bit error rate of multiphoton pulse can also be obtained precisely in our scheme. Furthermore, we present the optimal information Eve can gain by using the coherent multiphoton pulses attack. PACS:03.67.Dd

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
AB009. Successful treatment of severe systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis with IL-17A inhibition

The coexistence of psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is uncommon, with prevalence estimated at 0.5–5%. In this case, a 20-year-old woman with a history of severe SLE complicated by lupus nephritis and mesenteric vasculitis presented with a new rash on the face, scalp, and forearms. Skin biopsy revealed features of psoriasis within the epidermis, in addition to the palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis within the dermis explained by her underlying SLE. Treatment options were considered in view of her possible cytokine profile and predominant inflammatory pathway. The Th17 pathway has been implicated as a common immune pathway in both diseases, leading to cytokine production including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Studies have shown increased level of IL-17A in the serum and involved tissues of patients with SLE as well as the biopsied plaques of psoriasis. Randomized control trials have shown efficacy of IL-17A inhibition in decreasing the severity and extent of psoriasis, and case reports have noted improvement in SLE activity scores in patients who had been refractory to other management strategies. This patient was treated with IL-17A inhibition, which dramatically improved her rash and allowed complete tapering of her baseline immunosuppressive regimen while maintaining SLE quiescence. This case demonstrates that there may be a subset of SLE patients who respond to IL-17A inhibition, particularly in the setting of overlap with diseases in which IL-17A inhibition has previously shown efficacy. Teaching point: IL-17A inhibition may be effective treatment for SLE overlapping with inflammatory diseases in which IL17A is known to play a role including psoriasis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences