jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1237138.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INORGANIC CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR MILD STEEL IN COOLING WATER SYSTEM

Corrosion of pipes in cooling systems is a serious problem in the industry which has led to the loss of pipeline integrity, increased maintenance cost and even unplanned shut down due to pipe leakage etc. With the rise of restrictions on the use of toxic chromate-based inhibitors in aqueous systems, industries have shifted their focus towards research on the less toxic soluble molybdate (MoO42–) and nitrite (NO2-) compound as an alternative corrosion inhibitor (CI) for steel. Therefore, this research aims to design and develop test jig for rotating cage test and mini flow loop test in order to determine the corrosion rate (CR) and effectiveness of CI for mild steel in different concentration under the influence of flow velocities of 0.3 m/s and 1.2 m/s, which are to simulate industries near stagnant condition and normal operating condition respectively. The final objective of this project is to analyze the microstructural surface of the corroded specimen to identify the corrosion behavior. Corrosion test by weight loss method using rotating cage and mini flow loop set up were carried out using simulated cooling water (SCW) as per ASTM G 170 and ASTM D 2688 respectively using mild steel sample AISI C1018. Steel specimens were machined and cut into strips then grinded and polished and later mounted to the rotating cage and mini flow loop rack for the corrosion test. For 1.2 m/s and 0.3 m/s flow velocity testing, the highest mean corrosion rates were 1.69 mmpy and 0.425 mmpy for uninhibited SCW respectively, whereas lowest mean corrosion rates were 0.006 mmpy and 0.005 mmpy for addition of molybdate and nitrite into SCW respectively. CI efficiency ranges from 93.5 – 99.7%. Higher flow velocity deemed to have more pitting on specimen surface for uninhibited SCW which could be caused by the disruption of the protective oxide film formation on the specimen. CR of mild steel in inhibited SCW was not impacted by higher flow velocity. Combination of molybdate and nitrite a corrosion inhibitor is the most efficient to mitigate corrosion for mild steel regardless of velocity.

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION: 20 YEARS AFTER

Life is electricity. Living cells have a potential difference across their membranes, which can be changed by applying an electrical current. Therefore the functional activity of neurons and their connections inside circuits are subject to alterations by electrical stimulation. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been developped after the advancement in stereotactic neurosurgery. The first indication of DBS was applied to intractable pain almost half a century ago. In 1987, the discovery of DBS in movement disorders by the Grenoble team led by A.L. Benabid marked the start of this wide scale procedure. The initial idea was to decrease bilateral thalamotomyinduced morbidity in the treatment of tremors, thanks to the functional nature of DBS, which enables adjustement and reversibility of electrical parameters. Spatial adjustability was also possible with the development of quadripolar electrodes. The discovery at the origin of the antitremor effect of DBS was its dependence on the frequency of stimulation: no effect at 50 Hz, possible worsening at lower frequencies, improvement at higher frequencies with a plateau reached over 130 Hz. Changes in voltage influence the spatial spreading of current around the stimulation contact, whereas pulse width has minimal effect. From this discovery was born the concept of electrical neuromodulation of brain tissue. The high frequency effect, which mimics that of lesioning has been discovered for brain nuclei other than the thalamus, namely the globus pallidus (GP) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). These latter targets have been stimulated following the advancement in basal ganglia pathophysiology in the 90s, when it has been be shown that the parkinsonian akinesia is associated with subthalamo-pallidal hyperactivity in animal models of Parkinson disease. Afterwards, the extension of the indications and stimulated targets stemed from clinical observations of secondary effects of DBS in Parkinson disease, such as the antidyskinetic effect in the GPi or the beneficial effect of obsessive compulsive disorder in the STN. This sounded the start of DBS in various types of dyskinesias, mainly dystonia and psychosurgery. So far, DBS is a therapy world-wide validated and regularly applied as the surgical procedure of choice for various types of tremors (parkinsonian, essential and symtomatic of a brain lesion) in the Vim thalamus or the subthalamic region, for the motor complications of levodopa-responsive Parkinson diseases in the STN or GPi and for primary dystonia in the GPi. The type of surgery by far the most frequently used is bilateral STN stimulation in Parkinson disease with about 50 000 operated patients. As any powerful therapy, the indications and patient management should

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary dataset to publication: "Genomic insight into Campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey flocks in Germany using whole-genome sequencing analysis"

<em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>is a zoonotic bacterium of public health significance. The present investigation was designed to assess the epidemiology and genetic heterogeneity of <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> recovered from commercial turkey farms in Germany using whole-genome sequencing. The Illumina MiSeq<sup>®</sup> technology was used to sequence 66 <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>isolates obtained between 2010 and 2011 from commercial meat turkey flocks located in ten German federal states. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was determined. Phylogeny, resistome, plasmidome and virulome profiles were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data. Genetic resistancemarkers were identified with bioinformatics tools (AMRFinder, ResFinder, NCBI and ABRicate) and compared with the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hyperlocal Air Pollution in London: Validating Low-Cost Sensors for Mobile Measurements from Vehicles

This study assesses low-cost sensors (LCS) for the mobile monitoring of air quality, which has thus far been scarcely investigated. NO2 and PM2.5 were measured using LCS and higher-grade instruments while driving across various environments in London (943 km) and northern Europe (2923 km), including urban areas, motorways, and tunnels. The data were classified according to the environment where the measurements were carried out, and the performances of LCS and higher-grade instruments were compared. Results indicate that the performances of the sensors were influenced by the rate of change in pollutant concentration in different environments and not by vehicle speed. Excluding tunnel environments, overall, the particulate matter sensors correlated better with their higher-grade instrument than the electrochemical (EC) sensors, with R2 values from 0.90–0.96 in the different environments, compared with 0.39–0.72 for the EC sensors. Tunnels presented a unique opportunity to test the time response of the systems, given the rapid change in concentration upon entering, and all sensors showed limited response times. This is the first time that EC NO2 sensors have been rigorously tested against reference monitors while mobile. Their absolute measurements appear unaffected by movement; however, their time resolution may not be high enough for mobile monitoring in highly variable environments.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Does Early Season Browsing Influence the Effect of Self-Pollination in Scarlet Gilia?

Herbivore damage can have indirect effects on plant fitness by influencing other important plant–animal interactions, such as pollination biology. For example, damage to floral and vegetative structures may influence the pattern of pollen movement within and among individual plants. In obligately outcrossing species, enhanced movement of self pollen (geitonogamy) can negatively impact fitness if self pollen clogs stigmas, interferes with stylar transmitting tracts, usurps ovules, or increases fruit abortion. We investigated whether early season browsing affects the fitness cost of self-pollination in the obligately outcrossing species scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata, using clipping and emasculation treatments. We found that clipping significantly reduced the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds whereas emasculation significantly increased the production of these components of female fitness. In addition, we detected a significant interaction between the clipping and emasculation treatments when considering four components of fitness simultaneously; emasculation led to an increase in the fitness of unclipped plants but not clipped plants. We propose two nonexclusive mechanisms to explain this pattern. First, damaged plants may experience reduced self-pollination due to reductions in pollinator visitation or effectiveness. Alternatively, damaged plants may simply lack the resources (or the ability to allocate resources) to benefit from emasculation. Our results support the notion that herbivory can have indirect effects on plant fitness through effects on other plant–animal interactions.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermodynamics of acid-base equilibriums. VI. Influence of solvation factors on acidity. Thermodynamics of hydration of a series of meta- and para-substituted phenols

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of acid-base equilibriums. VI. Influence of solvation factors on acidity. Thermodynamics of hydration of a series of meta- and para-substituted phenolsC. L. Liotta, H. P. Hopkins Jr., and P. T. KasudiaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 22, 7153–7155Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00829a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00829a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Small molecular compounds for BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms].

Since the identification of JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in 2005, the molecular basis of these hematological disorders has been extensively studied. Consequently, various small molecular compounds including JAK2 inhibitors have been developed. The JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib improves survival as well as splenomegaly and the clinical symptomatic burden in intermediate-2 or high risk myelofibrosis patients. This agent also reduces the JAK2 V617F allele burden in some patients, suggesting that it also has a certain molecular effect. Based on the results of clinical studies, ruxolitinib has been approved for treatment of myelofibrosis in the United States and Europe. Clinical and preclinical studies of several other JAK2 inhibitors are currently ongoing. Other small molecular compounds including histone deacetylase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and telomerase inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials. We also discuss the possibility of combination therapies using JAK2 inhibitors and other agents.

Topic: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
5-Bromo-2-(2-nitroethenyl)furan

The five-membered ring of the title compound, C 6 H 4 BrNO 3 , has normal geometry and there are no unusual intramolecular distances or angles. The O atoms of the nitro group interact with the C-H groups of a neighboring molecule with H...O distances of 2.46 (1) and 2.56 (1)A.

Topic: Crystal structures of chemical compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Misinformation, Disinformation, and Generative AI: Implications for Perception and Policy

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has exacerbated the challenges of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information (MDM) within digital ecosystems. These multi-faceted challenges demand a re-evaluation of the digital information lifecycle and a deep understanding of its social impact. An interdisciplinary strategy integrating insights from technology, social sciences, and policy analysis is crucial to address these issues effectively. This article introduces a three-tiered framework to scrutinize the lifecycle of GenAI-driven content from creation to consumption, emphasizing the consumer perspective. We examine the dynamics of consumer behavior that drive interactions with MDM, pinpoints vulnerabilities in the information dissemination process, and advocates for adaptive, evidence-based policies. Our interdisciplinary methodology aims to bolster information integrity and fortify public trust, equipping digital societies to manage the complexities of GenAI and proactively address the evolving challenges of digital misinformation. We conclude by discussing how GenAI can be leveraged to combat MDM, thereby creating a reflective cycle of technological advancement and mitigation.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of Nutraceuticals in Elderly to Fight Inflammation and Immuno-Senescence: A Randomized Case-Control Study

Elderly people are at high risk of suffering from infection and being affected by severe forms of disease because their immunosystem suffers from aging. The alteration of normal immune functions causes the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines which can expose these people to increased risk of developing pathologies as cancer, diabetes, and/or arthritis. Some supplements could be helpful for restoring normal immune functions. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the efficacy of a supplement containing Sambucus nigra, zinc, tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin C to improve the inflammatory levels (IL-6 and CRP) and to modulate the lymphocytes growth. Additionally, we analyzed wellness by self-questionnaire. This study had two control group: a young group and an elderly one. Our study showed that treating elderly patients with the supplement for 30 days improved IL-6, CRP, and lymphocytes levels; the result was independent from the dosage of the supplements used. Elderly patients, despite the improvement, were not able to reach the same conditions of young patients; however, most of the patients (&gt;70%) claimed to “feel better” after the use of the supplement. The use of this supplement should be considered at a low dosage for a prolonged period to reduce inflammation and modulate immune senescence in patients over 60 years old.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Combination Test for Mean Shift and Variance Change

This paper considers a new mean-variance model with strong mixing errors and describes a combination test for the mean shift and variance change. Under some stationarity and symmetry conditions, the important limiting distribution for a combination test is obtained, which can derive the limiting distributions for the mean change test and variance change test. As an application, an algorithm for a three-step method to detect the change-points is given. For example, the first step is to test whether there is at least a change-point. The second and third steps are to detect the mean change-point and the variance change-point, respectively. To illustrate our results, some simulations and real-world data analysis are discussed. The analysis shows that our tests not only have high powers, but can also determine the mean change-point or variance change-point. Compared to the existing methods of cpt.meanvar and mosum from the R package, the new method has the advantages of recognition capability and accuracy.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comment on Intersecting Families of Permutations

Ellis, Friedgut and Pilpel proved that for large enough $n$, a $t$-intersecting family of permutations contains at most $(n-t)!$ permutations. Their main theorem also states that equality holds only for $t$-cosets. We show that their proof of the characterization of extremal families is wrong. However, the characterization follows from a paper of Ellis, as mentioned already by Ellis, Friedgut and Pilpel.

Topic: Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neobythites malhaensis: Uiblein, F., Everett, B., Matiku, P. &amp; Sithole, Y.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementation and assessment of a self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation programme in patients with haemophilia from Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract Introduction In resource‐constrained countries, few patients with haemophilia (PWH) have access to clotting factor concentrates (CFC), with increased musculoskeletal (MSK) complications. Physiotherapy actively contributes to preventing MSK complications, minimizing joint damage and reducing pain. Aim To assess the impact of a 20‐week self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Ivorian PWH. Methods Fifty participants underwent a clinical and functional baseline assessment with identification of joints' functional defects and initiation of an individualized exercise programme comprising exercises to improve strength, joint mobility and proprioception. Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), 2‐minute walking test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), goniometry and maximal isometric voluntary contractions using the MicroFET2 were performed at baseline (T1) and at Week 20 (T2). Results At T2, there was a significant improvement in both the 2MWT and TUG tests. The HJHS total score decreased significantly from 23.6 ± 14.2 at T1 to 20.4 ± 13 at T2. A significant improvement in joint health was found in the left elbow, right knee and right ankle, with elements correlating with joint function responsible for these improvements. A strong programme adherence was observed, with 94% of participants reporting regular exercise performance and a high degree of satisfaction. Conclusion The programme with its encouraging results is meant to be the first step towards a more ambitious project. Self‐based and CBR programmes are inexpensive and efficient treatment options designed to minimize the detrimental effects of joint and muscle bleedings, and to increase the functional independence and quality of life of PWH with limited access to CFC and physiotherapy.

Topic: Hemophilia Treatment and Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Variability in timing of human embryos cleavage monitored by time-lapse system in relation to patient age].

The impact of patient age to the cleavage dynamic has not been proved. Relation between the first cell cleavage time and embryo persistence in this stage (cc2) was observed. We may hence recommend cc2 time as convenient parameter at embryo selection for embryo transfer in the centres of assisted reproduction. Our study has shown that embryo selection with time-lapse system (PrimoVision) enhances the success rate of treatment of aging patients.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences