jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compassion Fatigue in Laboratory Animal Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Compassion Fatigue (CF) is commonly observed in professions associated with human and animal care. The COVID-19 pandemic compelled laboratory animal research institutions to implement new work practices in order to maintain essential animal care operations. These modifications ranged from shift changes to last-resort measures, such as culling animal colonies, to accommodate reduced staffing. Such changes could cause personnel to experience increased stress, isolation, and helplessness—all of which can increase CF risk. In the current study, 200 persons involved with animal research completed an online survey to gauge whether CF among laboratory animal personnel had increased during the pandemic. The survey examined professional quality of life, self-assessed levels of CF, institutional changes, perceived changes in animal welfare, and institutional measures intended to alleviate CF. A total of 86% of participants had experienced CF at some point in their career, with 41% experiencing a CF event (new or worsening symptoms of CF) during the pandemic. In addition, 90% of participants who reported a CF event also reported subsequent effects on their personal or professional lives. Health, employment, and animal-related stress that arose due to the pandemic were all found to influence CF scores significantly. Although 96% of respondents were considered essential workers, 67% did not feel as valued for their work as other essential personnel. Furthermore, 88% of personnel responsible for the euthanasia of healthy animals who experienced a CF event reported that CF also affected their personal life, professional life, or both, and 78% responded that interventions from internal CF programs or leadership did not help to alleviate symptoms of CF. The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant institutional changes will likely have lasting effects on persons and organizations. By determining and subsequently mitigating sources of CF, we can better assist the laboratory animal community during future crises.

Topic: Veterinary Practice and Education Studies
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors Influencing Rural Teacher Flow in Yunnan Ethnic Minority Areas

Ethnic minority areas are old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas, and also difficult areas for construction of socialist harmonious society. Studying on factors influencing rural teacher flow in ethnic minority areas is of great significance to improving local teacher team structure and promoting balanced development of urban and rural education. However, it lacks empirical analysis based on field survey for the nonce. In this study, based on interview and questionnaire data of education departments and school leaders in 4 ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, it established binary Logistic model, analyzed factors influencing rural teacher flow in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, and finally present policy recommendations.

Topic: Higher Education and Teaching Methods
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Overweight and obesity among women by economic stratum in urban India.

Using data of the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005-2006, this study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women from different economic strata in urban India. The study used a separate wealth index for urban India constructed using principal components analysis (PCA). The result shows that prevalence of overweight and obesity is very high in urban areas, more noticeably among the non-poor households. Furthermore, overweight and obesity increase with age, education, and parity of women. The results of multinomial logistic regression show that non-poor women are about 2 and 3 times more at risk of being overweight and obese respectively. Marital status and media exposure are the other covariates associated positively with overweight and obesity. Thus, the growing demand which now appears before the Government or urban health planners is to address this rising urban epidemic with equal importance as given to other issues in the past.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Contextual Feature Selection with Conditional Stochastic Gates

Feature selection is a crucial tool in machine learning and is widely applied across various scientific disciplines. Traditional supervised methods generally identify a universal set of informative features for the entire population. However, feature relevance often varies with context, while the context itself may not directly affect the outcome variable. Here, we propose a novel architecture for contextual feature selection where the subset of selected features is conditioned on the value of context variables. Our new approach, Conditional Stochastic Gates (c-STG), models the importance of features using conditional Bernoulli variables whose parameters are predicted based on contextual variables. We introduce a hypernetwork that maps context variables to feature selection parameters to learn the context-dependent gates along with a prediction model. We further present a theoretical analysis of our model, indicating that it can improve performance and flexibility over population-level methods in complex feature selection settings. Finally, we conduct an extensive benchmark using simulated and real-world datasets across multiple domains demonstrating that c-STG can lead to improved feature selection capabilities while enhancing prediction accuracy and interpretability.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Triggering and guiding of lightning by ultrafast lasers

Lightning causes great property losses to human beings every year, therefore how to control lightning and reduce its harm has always been one of the hotspots of the scientific community. In recent years, with the development of high energy ultra-fast laser technology, the peak power of ultrafast laser has been able to reach the GW, TW and even PW. Under the support of such high peak power laser technology, a new type of lightning triggering and guiding technology -- lasertriggered lightning has gradually attracted researchers’ attention. When the laser power intensity reaches TW, Kerr selffocusing effect and plasma defocusing effect will reach dynamic equilibrium. At this time, a light filament with a diameter of a few millimeters and a length of several hundred meters will be formed in the atmosphere, and a low-density plasma channel will be generated in the path. Then a leader is formed through the plasma channel which can trigger and guide discharge from the thunderstorm cloud. Compared with the traditional triggering and guiding of lightning technology, triggering and guiding of lightning by ultrafast Laser has the advantages of flexibility, pollution-free, no consumable consumption, flexible initiative, etc. It will be an important lightning triggering and guiding technology in the future, and it has gradually attracted the attention of scholars from various countries and has obtained a lot of research results. This paper mainly introduces the basic principles of laser-triggered-and-guided lightning, including the laser filament formation mechanism, the basic principle of laser-triggered-and-guided lightning and its history and recent research progress. Moreover, the scientific difficult problems and possible solutions for laser-triggered-and-guided lightning are also discussed, which can be a reference for future development of laser-triggered-and-guided lightning technology.

Topic: Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proximate and antioxidant analysis of steamed cake made from flour of green bean sprout (Vigna radiata) and ambon banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt.) as main ingredients

Steamed cake is a type of cake that is enjoyed by all ages, both children and adults. This cake is usually made from wheat flour. Wheat flour causes dough to rise due to the gluten content. The use of excessive flour can be harmful to health. One alternative effort to replace wheat flour is to combine green bean sprout flour and Ambon banana peel flour. This study aims to determine the antioxidant level, the protein, fat, water, ash, and carbohydrate levels in steamed cakes made from green bean sprout flour and Ambon banana peel flour. This type of research is experimental. Antioxidants were analyzed using the DPPH method, protein was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, and fat was analyzed using the Soxhlet method. The research results showed that the antioxidant activity in green bean sprout flour was 360.30 ppm which was classified as very weak, banana peel flour was 165.58 ppm which was classified as weak. The highest protein content was in sample T0 at 7.01%, the highest fat content was in sample T0 at 0.77%, the highest water content was in sample T2 at 43.95%, the highest ash content was in sample T3 at 1.15%, and the highest carbohydrate content was in sample T0 at 53.44%.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Late deterioration of functional abilities in adult cerebral palsy].

Clinical characteristics of late deterioration in adult cerebral palsy were reported with detailed neurological evaluations and analyses. 10 adult cases, 9 male and 1 female, with cerebral palsy (CP) were included aged from 24 to 58 years on admission. Without marked mental retardation all had been ambulant and completely independent of ADL with residual spasticity and/or dyskinesia of minimal degree until the second or third decade. Late deterioration of functional abilities starting with numbness or pain in upper extremities at age 24-45 (mean: 36.2 y), associated with profound atrophy of the shoulder girdle and hand muscles. Dyskinesia and spasticity markedly aggravated with urinary and respiratory dysfunctions, resulting in tetraplegia in a couple of years. Mentality is generally unaffected, however, severe dementia occurred in one case. Intensive clinical examinations revealed no particular abnormalities except for mild segmental neurogenic changes by needle EMG. Neuroradiological surveys revealed a marked narrowing of upper to middle cervical spinal canal with deformity and shrinkage of the corresponding cord in most cases. Cranial CT scans and MRI were unremarkable except for diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation. These studies showed that in adult CP an unexpectedly severe deterioration of sensory, motor and/or mental functions may appear even in previously well achieved cases. These dramatic changes of the clinical features of CP after middle age might be suggestive of the degenerating process and precocious aging of the CNS.

Topic: Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MOMMI-MP: Database for Integrated Analysis of Metabolic and Microbiome Profiling of Mouse Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a dynamic state involving multiple metabolic changes. Insulin resistance during the later time periods is a normal physiologic response in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a form of diabetes that appears during pregnancy, develops if metabolic aberrations occur above the normal insulin resistance. Multi-omics is a powerful approach for uncovering the mechanisms driving metabolic change in different physiologic and pathologic states. A recent study demonstrated that the gestational gut microbiome mediates pregnancy metabolic adaptations through effects on gut indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase 1 activity and kynurenine production. This study collected pregnancy-specific physiological and metabolic profiles, 16S rRNA microbiome, and plasma untargeted LC-MS metabolome data from 3 genetically diverse strains of mice (C57BL/6J, CD1, and NIH-Swiss) over 6-time points during the gestational (days 0, 10, 15, and 19 during gestation) and postpartum (days 3 and 20 after delivery) states, totaling 180 samples for each strain. To facilitate the utilisation of these data by other researchers, we developed MOMMI-MP, a database that provides an easy-to-use platform to browse and search differential abundant microbial taxa, metabolites, metabolic pathways, predicted micro-metabolite interactions using an array of state-of-art statistical and machine learning models. The computational results are presented in various tables, plots, and organized in MOMMI-MP to empower exploratory analyses by other researchers. In conclusion, MOMMI-MP is a resource to facilitate the investigation of novel mechanisms governing metabolic changes during pregnancy.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Combination of Biochar with N–Fertilizer Affects Properties of Soil and N2O emissions in Maize Crop

One of the challenges of harnessing higher productivity levels and sustainability of agriculture related to N fertilization is in expanding soil N2O emissions, which has become a serious issue in recent years. Recent studies suggest that biochar may be the solution to this problem, but there is still a knowledge gap related to biochar application rates and its reapplication in Central Europe; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of biochar (initial application and reapplication in 2014 and 2018, respectively, at rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1) combined with N-fertilizer (N0—0 kg N ha−1; N1—108 kg N ha−1 and N2—162 kg N ha−1) during the growing season of maize in 2019 (warm temperature with normal precipitation) on the changes of soil properties and N2O emissions in the silty loam, Haplic Luvisol, in the temperate climate of Slovakia. The results showed that the application and reapplication of biochar proved to be an excellent tool for increasing soil pH (in the range 7–13%), soil organic carbon—Corg (2–212%), and reducing the soil’s NH4+ (41–69%); however, there were more pronounced positive effects when biochar was combined with N-fertilizer at the higher level (N2). The same effects were found in the case of N2O emissions (reduction in the range 33–83%). Biochar applied without N-fertilizer and combined with the higher fertilizer level had a suppressive effect on N2O emissions. Biochar did not have any effect on maize yield in 2019.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Alterations in Immune Responsiveness in Acute Measles and Chronic Post-Measles Chest Disease

Immune responses in 24 children with acute measles (AM) were compared with those in 20 children who had chronic pulmonary complications (CPMC) following measles. The immuno-suppressive effects of acute measles were extensive: total white cells were reduced and this reduction was accounted for entirely by lymphopenia which was equally expressed among the major lymphocyte sub-populations studied; the function of ‘T’ cells, assessed by radio-isotope incorporation into phytohaemagglutin (PHA) transformed lymphocytes and delayed skin hypersensitivity (DHR) to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), was depressed. Serum IgA was reduced in AM patients. In contrast there was a relative sparing of the measured indices of immunity in patients with chronic post-measles chest disease, with the major defect being an impaired DHR to DNCB. There were minor alterations of complement components in both groups of patients.

Topic: Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Occurrence of heterocyclic aromatic amines in the Swiss diet: analytical method, exposure estimation and risk assessment

A total of 86 meat samples, prepared in restaurants or homes, ready to eat (including poultry and fish) and 16 commercial samples such as bouillon (cubes) were analysed for heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA). The analytical method consisted of an acidic extraction, clean-up on a cation exchange cartridge followed by an analogous HPLC step to recover the following HAA: IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP and 7,8-DiMeIQx. The HAA containing HPLC-fractions were collected, the HAA identified and quantified using two RP-HPLC-systems of different retention properties (UV-detection). The limit of quantitation was in the range of 0.2–0.4ng/g and the relative repeatability 6–15%. The recovery of PhIP was lower than for the other HAA analysed (less than 80%) and a correction factor was applied. No significant differences of the HAA-concentration were found in samples from homes and restaurants. half of the total samples contained HAA at the following frequencies: PhIP and MeIQx 33% (each), 4,8-DiMeIQx 11% and MeIQ 4%; 7,8- DiMeIQx and IQ were not detected. The frequencies in commercial products were for MeIQx 31%, 7,8- DiMeIQx 19%, IQ 13% and PhIP 6%; MeIQ and 4,8-DiMeIQx were not found. Based on these data, the average exposure of Swiss adults to HAA was estimated to be 5ng/kg body mass per day, commercial products contributing less than 10%. The theoretical excess cancer risk due to this intake was estimated on the base of the carcinogenic potency of the HAA in long-term animal experiments by linear extrapolation. The resulting risk in the order of 10-4 at the maximum is discussed in terms of Swiss epidemiological data.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Upper extremity muscular strength in wrist‐twisting tasks: Model approach towards task design

Abstract Frequent wrist‐twisting operations of hand tools results in wrist injuries, loss of control, localized discomfort and muscular fatigue. The aim was to investigate upper extremity strength in generic wrist‐twisting modes while using hand tools and forecasting the limits while in frequent or continuous operation. Hundred men were recruited (Group 1: 18‐39 years and Group 2: 40‐60 years). Upper extremity isometric muscular strength testing of the preferred hand during wrist‐twisting type of manual hand‐tool operations was carried out for 60 s. Forecasting of strength to generate predictions for future events (60 s) based on measured 60 s was carried out using Holt‐Winters time series model. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. For prediction model evaluation, WEKA 3.8.2 was used. Anthropometric parameters of both groups were similar, having minimal effect on generated strength. The strength generated by Group 2 workers were slightly higher than their younger counterparts. The mean clockwise strength for both groups were recorded to be higher than the anticlockwise strength. Also, standing posture generated higher strength than in seated posture. During last 5 s of trial, participants could sustain only three‐fifth of strength generated in the first 5 s for anticlockwise trials. Whereas, for clockwise trial, the strength sustainability during the last 5 seconds was around three‐fourth of initial 5 seconds. Uniformly decreasing plateau of strength over time support clockwise torque application for increase efficiency, reduced fatigue, and musculoskeletal disorders. Strength data generated would assist in re‐engineering the design of tools at workplace and suggest functional limits of work.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Docking Molecular Simulation Of Secondary Metabolic Compounds Annona Muricata As Anti-Cancer

This study aims to test and determine the affinity and molecular mechanism of Annona muricata to COX-2 target protein, which can be used to test the potential of Annona muricata as an anticancer drug using the molecular docking in silico method (computer modeling). By identifying and optimizing guide molecules in the drug discovery process, this computational chemical technique can be utilized to accelerate the selection of compounds to be isolated and synthesized. The research use descriptive quantitative as a research design and the experimental factorial design as an approach. The results of this study indicate that curcumin and its analogues have potential to became anticancer, and can be used for further drug development related to anticancer.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Adipic Acid as a Biodegradable Solid Acid Catalyst for One-Pot, Three Component Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols

Background: 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols are an attractive group of organic compounds that can be converted to oxazine heterocycles and aminoalkyl naphthols. The derivatives of 1- amidoalkyl-2-naphthols have significant biological activities and act as drug candidates. Methods: 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols were synthesized via the three-component condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, acetamide/benzamide and various aldehydes in the presence of 10 mol% of adipic acid as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions at 120°C. Results: A simple, efficient, and operative method for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphtholes in the presence of adipic acid as the biodegradable catalyst is introduced. Easy operation, acceptable reaction times, eco-friendly, availability of starting materials, simple separation of products, and high yields of products are the significant results of this method. Conclusion: In this study, 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols were synthesized using commercially available reactants in excellent yields and relatively shorter times. In this process, microwave or ultrasonic waves were not used to provide energy for the reaction.

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Complex Logarithms and Related Functions

An algorithm is presented for computing in z with complex arithmetic, by extending to the complex plane Carlson’s treatment of a classical iteration using arithmetic and geometric means. Although not competitive with current techniques which handle the real and imaginary parts separately, the algorithm may be useful in special purpose applications. A detailed analysis of convergence, scaling, and roundoff is given. Standard identities and some minor bookkeeping allow the evaluation of inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions. It is also shown that the basic procedure is related to certain real algorithms.

Topic: Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equations
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extraction of effective permittivity and permeability of periodic metamaterial cells

Abstract The complex permittivity and permeability of various periodic metamaterial (MTM) cells are extracted by using a fictitious rectangular waveguide consisting of perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor walls. The shapes of the MTM cells include a thin wire (TW), a single split‐ring resonator (SSRR), a double SRR (DSRR), a modified SRR, and a structure combining the TW and DSRR. The TW falls in the negative‐ε/positive‐μ region, the SRRs in the positive‐ε/negative‐μ region, and the combined structure in the negative‐ε/negative‐μ region. We also investigate how the permittivity and permeability are affected by the dimension parameters of the MTM cells. Another extraction technique utilizing time domain signals is developed to overcome some limitations that the waveguide technique cannot handle. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1824–1830, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24468

Topic: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences