jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The types and management of dental trauma during military service in Finland

Abstract Background/Aims All Finnish males must attend compulsory military service that lasts from 6 months to 1 year. About 25 000 males (approximately 80% of each age cohort) and 400 volunteer females complete the service annually. The aim of the study was to investigate the types of dental trauma occurring among Finnish conscripts during their military service. The article also focused on how dental trauma is treated in the Finnish Defence Forces. Material and Methods All dental records in the Defence Forces’ patient register concerning dental trauma during the years 2011 and 2012 were analysed by tooth number, treatment procedures and number of visits. Results According to the patient register, 361 conscripts suffered an oral trauma during their military service; thus, the average annual incidence was 7.2 trauma per 1000 conscripts. A total of 483 teeth were traumatized in the 2‐year period. The most frequently traumatized teeth were the maxillary central incisors (61%), and the most common findings were enamel or enamel‐dentin fractures (63% of all findings). Severe trauma was not common, and the most severe ones occurred during off‐duty hours. The most common treatment was direct filling (n = 189 patients). Only 53 patients had soft tissue injuries (bruises, wounds). Among patients with dental trauma, the mean number of visits to the Defence Forces’ dental clinic was 1.9. Great variation exists in recording findings concerning dental and oral trauma. Conclusion Minor trauma is common. In all cases, recording trauma and treatments should be performed carefully.

Topic: Dental Trauma and Treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A taxonomic revision of <i>Limacoccus</i> Bondar with a cladistic analysis of its relationships with other scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)

Abstract The scale insect genus Limacoccus and its four palm pest species are revised and all instars with sexual dimorphism are described and illustrated. A key to Limacoccus species is provided. The unique life‐history of this genus with construction of a protective tunnel by the second‐instar female is described. A cladistic analysis of Limacoccus and eleven representative species of Diaspididae, Halimococcidae, Phoenicococcidae and Beesoniidae, was undertaken using fifty‐four traditional and new characters from first and second instars and adult females. Character polarity was determined by outgroup comparison with Margarodidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae and Asterolecaniidae as outgroups. Nine most parsimonious trees were found. Analysis of the eleven terminal taxa of the strict consensus tree using Phoenicococcidae, Halimococcidae and Diaspididae as outgroups produced one parsimonious tree. As result of this analysis, Limacoccus is believed to be a monophyletic group of characterized by seven autapomorphies and is assigned to the family Beesoniidae fam.rev. The redefined family is divided into two tribes: Beesoniini stat.nov. with genera Beesonia and Mangalorea and Limacocciini stat.nov. with the genus Limacoccus. The Beesoniidae are here regarded as a sister group of Phoenicococcidae.

Topic: Research on scale insects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of flowability on the flow rate, polymerization shrinkage, and mass change of flowable composites

As a lining or restoration material, flowable composites are popular due to their ease in use and agreeable marginal adaptation of tooth cavity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate various properties of flowable composites which were claimed to be of high or low flowability by the manufacturers. For the study, twelve flowable composites from six different manufacturers were used. Based on the manufacturers' claim, they were divided into two groups: high or low flowability. The products grouped in high flowability showed significantly higher (p<0.05) flow rate (flow distance), polymerization shrinkage, and microhardness (on the top surface), regardless of light-curing unit, than those grouped in low flowability. On the other hand, water sorption and solubility showed nonsignificantly different values regardless of flowability. Through the study, flow rate had low correlation with microhardness (R<0.23), polymerization shrinkage (R<0.60), and water sorption and solubility (R<0.36) regardless of light-curing unit.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Hurdles Faced in Getting a Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Accredited by NABL in Government Setup: Our Experience

Diagnostic care is the heart of the healthcare management system.Clinical laboratories that are accredited by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) get worldwide acceptance.Accreditation is an attempt to encourage diagnostic laboratories performing basic tests to adopt quality practices, thus improving healthcare system at grass root level in the country.A large number of laboratories are now accredited, but majority of them are in private sector.Very few clinical laboratories associated with government organization participate and are able to achieve accreditation by NABL.Fortunately, our laboratory is one of them.With the experience gained during the process of getting NABL accreditation, we feel competent enough to comment upon and summarize the areas that may present difficulty in the process.We hope that most of the laboratory personnel working in the government organization will identify with our experience and get prepared as well as motivated to get their laboratory accredited by NABL.

Topic: Health and Medical Research Impacts
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Teaching young children to make accurate portion size estimations using a stimulus equivalence paradigm

The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has increased over the past four decades. Obesity can be conceptualized as a problem related to energy balance, where more energy is consumed than is expended through physical activity. One way that children may have a positive energy balance is through the overconsumption of foods (i.e., eating large portion sizes). Therefore, interventions that teach children to make accurate portion size estimations may be important to maintain overall health. In the current study, seven children between the ages of 4 and 7 years were taught to make accurate portion size estimations using a stimulus equivalence paradigm. Results suggested that the stimulus equivalence paradigm was effective in teaching five of seven participants to make more accurate portion size estimations during posttraining. Furthermore, five of seven participants estimated the target portion size of a novel food during extension sessions. These findings extend the current literature related to teaching children to make accurate portion size estimations. Although this was a translational study, results might help to inform existing nutrition education programs aimed at teaching children healthier eating habits.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Moss flora of Magadan region in the context of moss floras of the Russian Far East

Pisarenko, O. Yu., Vilk, E. F. (2024): Moss flora of Magadan region in the context of moss floras of the Russian Far East. Arctoa 33 (1): 41-49, DOI: 10.15298/arctoa.33.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.33.06

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Invasive Alien Plants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Synthesis of Their Insecticidal Activities

Despite the cornucopia of agricultural, economic and ecological ramifications of invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in sub-Saharan Africa, studies on their potential use as bio-insecticides have not received adequate attention compared to the burgeoning plethora of literature on their use in ethnomedicine. In the current study, we review the existing, but scattered literature on the insecticidal activity of different parts of some IAPs; specifically those invasive in sub-Saharan Africa but with published literature from Africa and elsewhere. From our literature survey, we found that 69 studies from four continents (Africa, Asia, North America and South America) reported the insecticidal activity of 23 plant species from 13 families (Asteraceae = 6 species; Solanaceae = 3 species; Apocynacee, Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae 2 species each; Araceae, Bignoniaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Papaveraceae, and Verbenaceae = 1 species each) that are invasive in, and alien to Africa. The highest number of published case studies were from India ( n = 19) and Nigeria ( n = 15). We found that varying concentrations of extracts or powders from different plant parts caused 50–100% mortality against a myriad of insect pests of agriculture and environmental importance. Our review discussed the prospects for exploiting IAPs as pesticidal plants in African countries especially among resource-poor small-holder farmers and locals to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods. Finally, we highlighted safety concerns and challenges of using IAPs as bio-insecticides in Africa and formulates appropriate recommendations for future research.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aesthetics and Abstract Painting: Two Views

Aesthetic theories, like theories of morals, are roughly divisible into those that maintain an analytic neutrality and those that attempt to arrive at “first-order”, practical judgments. A philo sopher of language may confine the legitimate task of aesthetics to the clarification of talk about works of art and about the fashioning of works of art. But other aestheticians, perhaps a more numerous group, see their study as far more intimately related to art criticism, and as able, without the committing of naturalistic or any other fallacies, to reach particular aesthetic value-judgments. Between these extreme positions lies a great diversity of theories which, while clearly differentiating aesthetics from art criticism, still carry practical implications of a general kind. The conceptual scaffolding into which they fit the art-forms, their notion of what is central to aesthetic experience and what peripheral, their account of artistic creativity-all these can be indirectly evaluative, can subtly influence and alter one's responses to actual aesthetic objects.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Impaired phonetic learning in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily associated with its motor consequences. However, it also has important implications for cognitive functions, including speech production (Altmann and Troche, 2011), the perception of speech intensity (Richardson and Sussman, 2019), and visual category learning (Shohamy et al., 2008), due to its effects on subcortical brain systems that rely on dopamine. In the present study, we examine the effects of PD on a variety of speech perception tasks: one of non-native phonetic learning, one of learning to comprehend rate-compressed speech, one of learning to understand accented speech, and one probing the use of speech rate to guide word segmentation. People with PD showed significant deficits when compared to young and age-matched controls in their ability to adapt to rate-compressed speech. Within the population of those with PD, participants using levodopa-based medication performed significantly worse on the non-native learning task than a small subset of participants without such medication. This suggests that changes in dopamine regulation and use associated with PD have significant effects on higher-level aspects of speech perception such as speech learning.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Water Security : Vol. 2: International Conflict and Cooperation

During the past two decades, environmental security and more specifically the security of water as a natural resource has come to the forefront of research and discussion. Many regions have experienced an increased water scarcity due to climatic variability and climate change, and the uncertain impacts of climate change to the supply has brought the issue to the centre of political debates. Indeed it has been raised by both the EU and the US national governments as a major issue of concern globally and has also been highlighted by the Security Council of the UN. The four volumes of this collection seek to broadly outline the debate as it has developed, both from a policy as well as an academic perspective, with the aim to bring conceptual clarity as well as provide an account of how the water security discourse has emerged and developed.

Topic: Transboundary Water Resource Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LISCH NODULES AN OCCULAR MANIFESTATION IN A CASE OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

Neurobromatosis (NF) is a multisystem disorder caused by a genetic mutation on chromosome 17. Neurobromatosis 1 is the form with the most characteristic ocular manifestations. Lisch Nodules of the iris are the well-known diagnostic criteria for the disease. Lisch nodules are usually seen at in young age. Our patient is an 8 years old female who presented with pain and swelling over the left chest and who showed features of neurobromatosis like cafe au lait spots and lisch nodules. Similar lesions were present in her mother. Lisch nodules are pathognomic of NF1 and should be differentiated from iris nevi observed in the general population. This disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. With an improved understanding of the disease and advancement in management, we can prevent complications.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knowledge of students of Warsaw Medical University about expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives with reference to prescribing medicines, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests

Background. Starting on January 1, 2016, specific groups of nurses and midwives have gained rights with respect to writing out prescriptions on medical orders and prescribing certain drugs, including writing out prescriptions for these medicines, as well as referring patients for diagnostic tests independently.Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of MUW students about the expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives.Material and Methods. Four hundred seventeen students, 83% women; mean age: 23 years (min. 18, max. 58, median: 23) took part in this study. Among them were students of: Medicine 35%, Nursing 25%, Public Health 20%, Midwifery 19%. First-year students comparised 30% of the participants, third-year – 28%, fourth-year – 14%, second-year – 12%, fifth-year – 10%, and sixth-year – 5%. Forty-three per cent of the study participants had already taken part in a medical law course. A voluntary and anonymous questionnaire study, a questionnaire developed by the authors, consisted of 3 parts: 13 close-ended questions on knowledge, 26 statements concerning attitudes assessed using the Likert scale, 8 demographic questions. The approval of the Ethical Review Board of Warsaw Medical University was not necessary.Results. Forty-two per cent of the students knew which legal act had been amended and 31% of the total knew the date of its entry into force. Fifty-three per cent knew that the new regulations were their rights. Twenty-five per cent of the study participants knew that their new powers concerned prescribing medicines, foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses and medical devices.Conclusion. The level of knowledge of students about the expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives with reference to prescribing medicines, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests is insufficient and needs to be improved. The study of students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the new professional competence of nurses and midwives should be continued not only among Nursing and Midwifery students, but also among students of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health.

Topic: Patient Dignity and Privacy
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
This Benevolent Experiment: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide, and Redress in Canada and the United States

Andrew Woolford examines in detail the history of four indigenous boarding schools, two in New Mexico and two in Manitoba, drawing upon official reports, available interviews with former students, and other sources. The study illuminates significant differences between American and Canadian policies and the implications for students and staff. The Canadian schools were entrusted to poorly funded denominational agencies with little guidance by government, while in the United States the schools were government institutions, but federal policy toward educating indigenous youth changed repeatedly. This Benevolent Experiment is a contribution to the field of genocide studies rather than to the history of education or indigenous history. Before Woolford turns to discussing the schools he provides nearly one hundred pages on “Settler Colonial Genocide in North America” and “Framing the Indian as a Problem.” The discussion of the four schools is consequently highly selective, seeking to prove the “genocidal” intentions of those who created the system of residential schools. If there were warm relations between staff and students, this is evidence of “the symbolic violence of kindness” (p.197). When a former student has good things to say about her school, we are reminded that “her sincerity should not lead us to ignore the symbolic violence at work in the schools” (p. 196). When indigenous arts and cultures are celebrated by Woolford's sources, “this communicated the sense that cultural practices were appreciated for being quaint … rather than culturally integral” (p. 193). If sloppy administrative practices at a school were replaced by careful records, students were “transformed into a biopolitical subject” (p. 178).

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Interview with Sylvia Rimm about “Underachievers”

Abstract Sylvia Rimm received her doctorate in educational psychology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She has published Underachievement Syndrome: Causes and Cures (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1986); How to Parent So Children Will Learn (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1989); Gifted Kids Have Feelings Too (with Christine Priest) (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1990); and Education of the Gifted and Talented (with Gary Davis) (Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn and Bacon, 1993), now in its fourth edition. She has co-authored or authored tests for identifying talents, interests, and achievement. She currently directs Educational Assessment Service in Watertown, Wisconsin, is head of the Family Achievement Clinic at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and is a clinical professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, where she has taught courses in the principles of parenting and the psychology of the gifted.

Topic: Diverse Education Studies and Reforms
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Emerging practices of faith-based organisations addressing human resources for health

Adequate health system performance and achieving the Millennium Development Goals for health, requires that qualified health care providers are available and can perform adequately. However, there is a critical shortage of health care providers in sub-Saharan Africa, and this crisis is hitting faith-based organizations (FBOs) particularly hard. Many FBOs in sub- Saharan Africa are organized into national Christian Health Associations. In 2005 several of these highlighted shared challenges with respect to human resources for health and decided to share experiences on creative ways to recruit and retain staff and other emerging innovations around HRH practices. The Netherlands-based international NGO CORDAID supported this initiative by developing a ‘linking and learning’ program around human resources for health to facilitate exchange and joint reflection. This article outlines some of the main lessons from this program which sought to document and analy se emerging practices developed by FBOs to improve their HRH situation

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Siderophore: Structural And Functional Characterisation – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Plants and microbes have enormous importance in our daily life. Iron is said to be the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust from soil, still many plants face problem in uptaking iron because it is found in insoluble form, which severely restricts the bioavailability of this metal. In response to this, microorganisms present in soil such as Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter genera , Bacillus and Rhodococcus produce special iron carriers or iron-binding compounds called as ‘siderphores’ or ‘siderochromes’. This paper is an attempt to review the importance of siderphores in enhancing plants’ iron utilisation strategies, the mode of transport of siderophores along with iron across the memberane and depending on the difference in their chemical structure, functional moiety and their source of isolation of four different types of siderophore (hydroxamates, catecholates, carboxylates and siderophore with mixed ligand). Siderophore and their derivative have large application in agriculture as to increase soil fertility and as biocontrol for fungal pathogen. This review unlike other reviews includes (1) types of siderophore, (2) the structural difference amongst them, (3) siderophore biosynthesis, (4) transport mechanism, (5) the genetics of siderophore and (6) their efficacy in human life.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences