jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
VALPROIC ACID AS A REFERENCE SUBSTANCE FOR THE STUDY OF THE MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISM OF OBESOGENITY OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its derivatives are recognized as obesogens. Clinically used valproic acid (VPA) as a drug is structurally similar to PFOA. The objective of the investigation was to study the molecular-genetic mechanism of the weight gain by patients taking the VPA drugs and correlation with candidate genes involved in the metabolism of medium chain fatty acids. Weight and basal insulin level were evaluated in 238 patients both before and after 12 months of VPA treatment. Genotyping of SNPs rs1801282, C&gt;G (Pro12Ala) gene PPARγ and rs1799883, G&gt;A (Ala54Thr) gene FABP2 were performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay. Women who gained weight were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene and appeared to have significantly higher insulin level (26.3±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (14.9±3.1 uU/ml). Similarly, men who gained weight and were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene, showed significantly higher insulin level (25.4±1.8 uU/ml) as compared to men with the same genotype and without weight gain (13.,3±2.9 uU/ml). Women who gained weight and were genotyped «AA» or «AG» for the rs1799883 FABP2 gene had significantly higher insulin level (32.1±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (17.1±3.2 uU/ml). No correlation of insulin levels with weight gain and genotypes were identified for men. Obesogens, structurally similar to the medium chain fatty acids (in particular PFOA and analogues), can affect weight gain through the development of insulin resistance.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF ENTERAL DYSFUNCTION DEVELOPMENT UNDER DOMINATING ACUTE SURGICAL ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGY

One of the important preconditions of complications of infectious nature of trauma is the formation of enteral dysfunction. The aim of the study is to establish morpho-functional changes of enteral dysfunction on the under the dominating injury of abdominal cavity organs.The research is performed experimentally with modeling of combined skeletal and abdominal injuries in 132 white non-linear rats. The dynamics of morphological changes in the small intestinal wall is determined hystologically.Combined trauma with the dominating injury of the abdomen is characterized by complex set of morphological changes of vessels, sludge, dystrophic and necrotic changes, high activity of secretory glandular elements. The bulk of the identified morphological changes occur only after a certain time after the injury that will prevent true diagnosis with early surgical interventions and creates the risk of complications in the postoperative period.

Topic: Abdominal Surgery and Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MicroRNA‐193a‐5p exerts a tumor suppressor role in glioblastoma via modulating NOVA1

Abstract Background and Objectives Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal of intracranial tumors, which is characterized by extensive proliferation and the diffused invasion of tumor cells. MicroRNA‐193a‐5p (miR‐193a‐5p) have been demonstrated previously as a functional suppressor in the development and progression of various cancers. The current study aimed to investigate whether miR‐193a‐5p influences cell proliferation and migration through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway by targeting neuro‐oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) in glioblastoma. Materials and Methods The miR‐193a‐5p expression was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay in GBM tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, colony formation analysis, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to verify the downstream target gene of miR‐193a‐5p. Results The expression of miR‐193a‐5p was significantly downregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that patients with low miR‐193a‐5p expression had a shorter disease‐free survival ( P &lt; 0.05). Functionally, miR‐193a‐5p overexpression dramatically suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in glioma cells. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase assay confirmed that NOVA1 was a direct functional target of miR‐193a‐5p. Moreover, ectopic expression of NOVA1 could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of miR‐193a‐5p on glioma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. NOVA1 overexpression abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR‐193a‐5p on the PTEN/PI3k/AKT pathway. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggested that miR‐193a‐5p functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells by directly targeting NOVA1.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
“Split Happens”: a Rare Case of Chromosomal Mosaicism in Characin from an Impacted River Basin

Abstract Chromosomal polymorphisms have been reported in numerous vertebrates, including fishes. Such variation is usually related to karyoevolutionary trends and speciation but might also be a result of environmental stress. Herein, we provide the first karyotype characterization in populations of a widespread small characin (Hemigrammus marginatus) from an impacted river basin in Northeastern Brazil to infer their chromosome organization and putative genotoxic effects. Therefore, we reported intra and interindividual structural polymorphism and multiple active nucleolar organizer regions in samples from Contas River, a highly polluted environment when compared to less impacted areas. Furthermore, this report represents the first description of chromosomal mosaicism in the family Characidae so far. Besides revealing peculiar karyotypic patterns in relation to populations from other basins, our results suggest that the chromosomal instability in specimens H. marginatus might be associated with the presence of xenobiotics in polluted environments.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermal behaviour analysis of a high voltage inverted‐type current transformer

Abstract A high voltage current transformer of the inverted type is a commonly used measurement equipment in power grids. The thermal behaviour of the current transformer has a significant impact on its operating conditions and is directly related to its service life. The study presents a three‐dimensional simulation model of a 220 kV inverted‐type oil‐immersed current transformer, and the fluid and temperature field are analysed by the finite volume method. The simulation results show that the hot‐spot temperature under the rated load of the calculation model introduced in the study is 61.5°C, and located at the upper part of the core and the secondary winding. An experiment setup was designed to measure the temperature distribution inside a LVB‐220W3‐type current transformer. The temperature data measured under the rated load indicate that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glutamate and synaptic excitation of reticulospinal neurones of lamprey.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from the cell bodies and axons of giant reticulospinal neurones (Müller cells) of the lamprey, and responses to bath‐ and ionophoretically applied glutamate and aspartate were studied. 2. Bath‐applied glutamate and aspartate depolarized both cell bodies and axons, but there appeared to be an associated conductance increase only in the cell bodies. The depolarization of Müller axons by the bath‐applied drugs probably resulted from the passive flow of current into them from spinal cells to which the axons are coupled electrically. 3. The reversal potentials for responses to ionophoretically applied glutamate and for excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) evoked by stimulation of the contralateral vestibular nerve were directly determined in Müller cell bodies which had been damaged by penetration with low‐resistance electrodes. The glutamate and e.p.s.p. reversal potentials were identical, the average difference in eight cells being 0.31 mV. The absolute value of the e.p.s.p.‐‐glutamate reversal potential varied from ‐‐16 to ‐‐35 mV in different cells, with the more negative values occurring in less damaged cells with higher resting potentials. 4. Injection of Cl into Müller cell bodies had no effect on the e.p.s.p.‐‐glutamate reversal potential. Reduction of the extracellular Na concentration to 1 over 10 normal produced a negative shift in the glutamate reversal potential. 5. It is proposed that the natural excitatory transmitter and glutamate produce identical conductance changes in Müller cells, involving an increase in Na and K conductance.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Elites and Professional Ideology: Self-Discipline and Self-Administration by the <i>Anwaltskammer</i> Celle

In the same way that the Imperial Justice Laws changed the circumstances in which individuals had to make decisions about entering the private legal profession, structuring their careers, and leading their lives, lawyers in the newly created lawyers' chambers faced corporate decisions about how to structure professional life. The lawyers' chamber, a juridical person under public law, with its seat in the city in which the court of appeal lay, was the principal organ for the new self-government. The provisions of the Lawyers' Statute (RAO) provided lawyers laconic guidance and a bare framework for self-government, leaving it to their own initiative how to flesh out the direction and governance of their professional and even their private lives.

Topic: Public Administration and Political Analysis
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Consumer-brand relationships’ development in the mobile internet market: evidence from an extended relationship commitment paradigm

Purpose Given its importance in the brand management of service firms, the present research initiative primarily concerns the investigation of the formation process of consumer-brand relationships in the service industry. By considering a chain of effects’ model, this paper aims to integrate two brand commitment paradigm’s perspectives with service evaluation theory, representing the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of the relationship building process, to better explain the way consumers relate to a service brand. The proposed conceptual model is tested in the context of mobile broadband internet services. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 573 customers of mobile internet services was conducted using a structured questionnaire with established scales. Data were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicated that brand loyalty is determined by relationship commitment, which, in turn, is influenced by the consumer-brand relationship components – trust, satisfaction, investment size and quality of alternatives – as well as by the service brand’s perceived value. Finally, the relationship quality components of the brand, trust and satisfaction to a large extent, and investment size to a lesser extent, mediate the relationships between service brand evaluation and brand commitment. Research limitations/implications The sample is industry-specific, and this may affect generalizability of findings. Also, the cross-sectional design adopted does not reflect temporal changes. Practical implications From a practical point of view, the findings suggest that providers can improve their loyalty figures through the establishment of strong consumer-brand relationships as a result of the development and delivery of high quality, valuable services and other relationship-building tactics that support the consumer-brand binding. Originality/value Although there are previous studies that extend either the relationship investment model or the commitment-trust theory with the service evaluation theory, the proposed model is the first to combine the previous three research streams into one causal chain model, to explain the development and flow of events in the consumer-brand relationship process toward brand loyalty.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Hydro and Hormonal Seed Priming on Seed Germination of Milk Thistle under Saline Stress Condition

</style> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif">Salinity is an abiotic stress which has harmful effects on germination of many plants. Therefore, high germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. Seed priming is a way to increase salt tolerance of plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination of milk thistle under salinity condition. The treatments were 4 levels of seed priming (no priming, distilled water as hydro priming and 0.5 and 1.0 mM salicylic acid) and 5 levels of salinity (0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl and 40 and 80 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>). The experiment arranged as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that salinity decreased germination percentage and germination rate to about 16 and 32% in 80 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub> level compared to control, respectively. The highest mean germination time (5.7 day) were belonged to 80 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>. Radicle and plumule length significantly decreased by 80 mM NaCl and 40 and 80 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The lowest seedling weight and seed stamina observed in 80 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>. 0.5 mM salicylic acid improved all traits except mean germination time as compared to control.&nbsp; Salicylic acid (0.5 mM) improved radicle length under 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl salinity levels as well as increased plumule length at the 0 and 40 mM NaCl salinity conditions.</span>

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Joint associations of insomnia and sleep duration with prevalent diabetes: The <scp>H</scp>ispanic <scp>C</scp>ommunity <scp>H</scp>ealth <scp>S</scp>tudy/<scp>S</scp>tudy of <scp>L</scp>atinos (<scp>HCHS</scp>/<scp>SOL</scp>)

Abstract Background Inadequate sleep quantity and quality are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. This relationship is not well‐examined in US Hispanics/Latinos, and prior analyses may be confounded by sleep apnea. This cross‐sectional study examined joint associations of sleep duration and insomnia with diabetes among diverse US Hispanic/Latinos. Methods Baseline data on sleep quantity and quality were obtained from 15227 participants (mean age 41; range 18–74 years) from the H ispanic C ommunity H ealth S tudy/ S tudy of L atinos. Complex survey multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between prevalent diabetes and six phenotypes defined by cross‐classifying sleep duration (short ≤6 h, average &gt;6–9 h, long &gt;9 h) and insomnia, adjusting for sex, age, site and Hispanic/Latino background interaction, education, physical activity, diet quality, and sleep apnea. Results In the weighted population, 14% had diabetes, 28% had insomnia, 9% were short sleepers, and 19% were long sleepers. Compared with those with average sleep and no insomnia, those with short sleep and insomnia were more likely to have diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 2.11). Average sleepers with insomnia (1.28; 95% CI 1.02, 1.61) and long sleepers without insomnia (1.33; 95% CI 1.07, 1.65) also had elevated odds of diabetes. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated associations, except with long sleep without insomnia. Conclusions Both decreased quantity and quality of sleep are associated with diabetes in Hispanic/Latinos, with the greatest odds among those with short sleep duration and insomnia. The association is largely explained by obesity.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical approximation of the spectrum of the curl operator

The aim of this paper is to study the numerical approximation of the eigenvalue problem for the curl operator. The three-dimensional divergence-free eigensolutions of this problem are examples of the so-called Beltrami fields or linear force-free fields, which arise in various physics areas such as solar physics, plasma physics, and fluid mechanics. The present analysis is restricted to bounded simply-connected domains. Finite element discretizations of two weak formulations of the spectral problem are proposed and analyzed. Optimal-order spectral convergence is proved, as well as absence of spurious modes. The results of some numerical tests are also reported.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal Bank Regulation in the Presence of Credit and Run Risk

We modify the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model of banking to jointly study various regulations in the presence of credit and run risk. Banks choose between liquid and illiquid assets on the asset side, and between deposits and equity on the liability side. The endogenously determined asset portfolio and capital structure interact to support credit extension, as well as to provide liquidity and risk-sharing services to the real economy. Our modifications create wedges in the asset and liability mix between the private equilibrium and a social planner's equilibrium. Correcting these distortions requires the joint implementation of a capital and a liquidity regulation.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Journey of Indian Corporates from Local to International Accounting Standard: An Impact Analysis

This study explores the impact of Ind-AS - the new accounting standard on the financial health and performance of the listed companies in India alongside the few sectors of the economy. We have observed that sectoral impacts of Ind-AS are relatively range bound for the major heads of the financial statements. However, at the company level, this variation is considerably higher and significantly volatile for the minor variables. Majority of the changes occurring in the financial statements of companies are because of the changes in reported net worth (because of fair valuation of assets), financial instruments, provisions, finance cost and deferred taxes. The reported profitability numbers are relatively volatile because of changes in fair valuation of derivatives and financial instruments, amortisation of intangible assets, and reclassification of actuarial gains/losses. We have found that, impact of Ind-AS is more evident in the manufacturing sector as compared to the services.

Topic: Working Capital and Financial Performance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Medium-Sized Ring and Macrocyclic Compounds

Medium-sized rings (8～11 membered ring) and macrocycles (12-membered rings and above) are extremely important parts of drug and natural products.Meanwhile, they are widely used in the field of medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry and other fields.Developing simple, green and efficient protocol to synthesize medium-sized rings and macrocycles has attracted great interests from chemists in the recent years.The latest ring expansion/cyclization reaction in the synthesis of medium-sized ring and macrocyclic compounds in the past five years is reviewed, and the prospect of their future and development is also outlined.

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ambiguous Nonverbal Aligning Actions: Getting Away with Untoward Behavior

In this paper, I develop a conceptual framework for a much ignored family of identity maintenance strategies: ambiguous nonverbal aligning actions. Specifically, I explain how nonverbal behaviors can be used as aligning actions. I also present two specific illustrations of ambiguous nonverbal aligning actions, discuss the rational for using these types of strategies, and how individuals might resolve ambiguous situations in general. In the discussion section, I suggest how certain categories of individuals might be more likely than others to use a given ambiguous nonverbal aligning action and how ordinary innocuous behaviors might be confused with aligning actions.

Topic: Social Power and Status Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Traceable and Anonymous Data Aggregation Scheme with Fog Computing Devices for Smart Grid

As an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart city is a new aim for applications used in different industrial aspects. Intelligent IoT devices are used everywhere in smart cities to implement the functions such as monitoring and managing. Smart grid is one of the critical parts. Obtaining the quantity and cost of electricity usage is the most critical task of the smart grid. But such data in plaintext may leak the user privacy. So, it is an emergent aim to protect the private information of the user. Thus, we present a secure scheme for the smart grid, which not only protects the user’s information including identity and power consumption in the communications but also tracks the correct electricity cost for each user. Also, electricity consumption data from users could be aggregated in fog devices and then analyzed by the utility provider. The formal proof shows that the message transmission reaches the security level of the chosen plaintext attack (CPA). Also, the security properties of the scheme express the robustness. Finally, the performance study demonstrates that the proposed protocol is acceptable in practice.

Topic: Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences