jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritis-Induced Metabolic Alterations of Human Hip Chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis (OA) alters chondrocyte metabolism and mitochondrial biology. We explored whether OA and non-OA chondrocytes show persistent differences in metabolism and mitochondrial function and different responsiveness to cytokines and cAMP modulators. Hip chondrocytes from patients with OA or femoral neck fracture (non-OA) were stimulated with IL-1β, TNF, forskolin and opioid peptides. Mediators released from chondrocytes were measured, and mitochondrial functions and glycolysis were determined (Seahorse Analyzer). Unstimulated OA chondrocytes exhibited significantly higher release of IL-6, PGE2 and MMP1 and lower production of glycosaminoglycan than non-OA chondrocytes. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and mitochondrial ATP production were comparable in unstimulated non-OA and OA chondrocytes, although the non-mitochondrial OCR was higher in OA chondrocytes. Compared to OA chondrocytes, non-OA chondrocytes showed stronger responses to IL-1β/TNF stimulation, consisting of a larger decrease in mitochondrial ATP production and larger increases in non-mitochondrial OCR and NO production. Enhancement of cAMP by forskolin prevented IL-1β-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in OA chondrocytes but not in non-OA chondrocytes. Endogenous opioids, present in OA joints, influenced neither cytokine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction nor NO upregulation. Glycolysis was not different in non-OA and OA chondrocytes, independent of stimulation. OA induces persistent metabolic alterations, but the results suggest upregulation of cellular mechanisms protecting mitochondrial function in OA.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extracts of Selected Plants and Fruits Profoundly Modulate &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Coagulation Activity

Background: Plant products treat many diseases and are an important resource for pharmaceutical companies developing new medicines. Hemostasis maintains blood in the fluid state and prevents its loss from damaged blood vessels. Plants have been reported to be sources of anticoagulant and antithrombotic substances and are employed in the management of coagulation disorders. Aim: This study investigates the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of bitter leaves, mango leaves, drumstick leaves, pineapples and tomatoes on in vitro coagulation activity. Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, and fruits of Ananas comosus and Solanum lycopersicum were prepared using the cold maceration method and lyophilized. The freeze-dried extracts were prepared into four concentrations. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from ten healthy volunteers. Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) were determined by visual detection of clot formation. The mean and standard deviation were determined and compared with the controls. Results: PT values for females were higher for aqueous and ethanolic extracts except for A. comosus. Female aPTT values were reduced compared to males except for V. amygdalina. There were no changes in PT and aPTT across the concentration gradient. PT control values significantly differ, however, there were no significant differences in aPTT control values between genders. This study revealed that PT and aPTT values differ significantly between genders. Conclusion: Mangifera indica and M. oleifera have procoagulant activity, A. comosus has anticoagulant activity, while V. amygdalina does not affect coagulation time.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Unique stereospecificity of D-amino acid aminotransferase and branched-chain L-amino acid aminotransferase for C-4' hydrogen transfer of the coenzyme

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnique stereospecificity of D-amino acid aminotransferase and branched-chain L-amino acid aminotransferase for C-4' hydrogen transfer of the coenzymeTohru Yoshimura, Katsushi Nishimura, Junko Ito, Nobuyoshi Esakik, Hiroyuki Kagamiyama, James M. Manning, and Kenji SodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 3897–3900Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle in a type I methylotroph, Methylococcus capsulatus

Alpha-Ketoglutaratedehydrogenase was undetectable in extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus. Cells incorporated [1-14-C] acetate into only four protein amino acids (glutamate, proline, arginine, and leucine) and the C5, but not C1, of glutamate.

Topic: Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Epigenetic biomarkers indicate islet cell death in xenotransplantation

Abstract Background Xenotransplantation of porcine islets has emerged in recent decades as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current methods of detection, indicative of successful engraftment, occur downstream of actual islet death. Epigenetic biomarkers can be detected in circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) to provide an earlier indication of graft dysfunction. Aims The present study identified a biomarker of islet death using differential methylation of the insulin gene, INS , originating from β‐cells in porcine islets. Materials &amp; Methods Pyrosequencing primers specific for porcine INS were designed to quantify hypomethylation along 12 cysteine‐guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites, including three sites in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element (CRE) binding protein 2 (CRE2) binding region of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and nine sites within intron 2. Results PCR amplification of bisulfite‐converted DNA combined with pyrosequencing data support the conclusion that hypomethylated porcine INS is specific to islet origin. Conclusion Moreover, the results of this study indicate a highly specific epigenetic biomarker, capable of detecting a single islet, supporting the measurement of cfDNA as a biomarker for transplanted islet death. Defining the epigenetic characteristics of porcine‐derived islets within cfDNA will be crucial to develop a better understanding of graft survival immunology for transplantation.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incidence of terrestrial snails and slugs associated with certain cultivated plants from different localities at Ismailia Governorate

Incidence of terrestrial snails and slug was survey in five localities at Ismailia Governorate during 2021-2022.These localities were Ismailia city, Abo-Swear, El-Kassasen,

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 278817: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Automatic sensor registration using stochastic optimization methods

Sensor image registration is one of important problems in sensor fusion, it is the task of finding the correct mapping of one sensor image onto another. In this paper, the sensor image registration problem is approached as a optimization problem, then an appropriate fitness function is proposed to evaluate the mapping parameter set and several optimization methods (genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, hybrid strategy GASA) are adopted to solve this problem automatically. The experiment indicates the feasibility of the registration methods which are insensitive to noise. Among them, GASA shows good performance because of its rapid convergence.

Topic: Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> Cnx1

Abstract Schizosaccharomyces pombe calnexin (Jannatipour, Rokeach, 1995; Parlati etal., 1995b). The nucleotide sequence of cnx1+ (GenBank accession numbers M98799, U13389) predicts an open reading frame encoding a 560 amino acid protein (Cnxlp) with a 22 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence. After signal peptide cleavage, the sequence predicts a 538 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 61 064 daltons.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mevalonate Signaling, COPD and Cancer: The Statins and Beyond

Evidence suggests that smoking confers a persistent and/or exaggerated inflammatory response in the lungs that, with underlying genetic susceptibility, may result in lung remodeling and impaired repair. The innate immune response to smoking described above, which is modified by the mevalonate pathway, provides a plausible pathogenic link between the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The mevalonate pathway modifies innate responsiveness through important intracellular signaling molecules called guanine phosphate transferases (GTPases) such as Rho-A. Smoke exposure activates cell surface proteins which, through the mediating influence of GTPases, then modifies the activation of nuclear factor kappa -light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) its downstream effects on genes underlying innate immunity, neutrophilic inflammation and carcinogenesis. The mevalonate pathway is modifiable through the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMGCo-A) reductase. This enzyme controls the rate limiting step of the mevalonate pathway and is subject to inhibition by statin drugs (HMGCo-A reductase inhibitors) and small chain fatty acids derived from high dietary fiber intake. Ths, inhibitory effect dampens the innate immune response to smoking and may modify pulmonary inflammation and lung remodeling. This article is a symposia summary outlining the preclinical and clinical data suggesting that statins and a high-fiber diet may have a chemopreventive effect on lung cancer.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient light-weight private auditing scheme for cloud-based wireless body area networks

With the rapid development of cloud computing, cloud-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) provide powerful storage services, and process massive medical data efficiently. As the medical data are exploited to perform the clinical diagnosis and other special medical treatments, the integrity of the medical data stored in the cloud server is increasingly important. In this paper, based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA), we propose an efficient light-weight cloud storage private auditing scheme for medical data in WBANs. Our scheme enables a data owner to check the medical data integrity effectively personally, and does not need to retrieve the entire medical dataset, thereby dramatically reducing the communication overhead. Moreover, we further extend our private auditing scheme to private batch auditing. Thus, the data owner can perform auditing task for multiple different medical data files simultaneously. The performance comparison demonstrates that our scheme is much more light-weight, and more practical in cloud-based wireless body area networks.

Topic: Cryptography and Data Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Social Farming: A Systematic Literature Review of the Definition and Context

Abstract The definition and understanding of the social farming (social agriculture) concept varies from country to country, depending on the specific conditions for its development. The contribution provides a systematic literature review of its definition and context. Scientific publications (134), which deal with the topic of social agriculture in different contexts within different geographical areas, and with different intensity over time, have been analysed. Special attention was paid to case studies. Most of the case studies dealt with Italy, The Netherlands, The United Kingdom and Norway. More than a third of the outputs address the issue of health effects of social farming. Social benefits are the second most frequent topic. Moreover, educational, environmental and economic effects of social agriculture are discussed in the analysed publications with a similar intensity. Green care (social agriculture) farms are significant players in rural development, and work and social inclusion, and can instantly and innovatively react to the local needs.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Structure de sapinières aménagées et anciennes du massif des Laurentides (Québec) et diversité des plantes invasculaires

This study was undertaken to determine the contribution of old-growth and senescent forest stands regenerated through clear-cutting to the biodiversity of wet boreal fir stands in eastern Quebec because overmature stands are becoming scarce in that region. The study area was located in the Laurentian Mountains north of the city of Québec. The structure and composition of nonvascular plant communities (mosses, hepatica, lichens, and saprophytic fungi) of old-growth forests were compared with those of mature or senescent fir stands harvested 60 years ago. Nonvascular plants have a more uniform structure and a lower diversity in mature than in senescent or old-growth forests. A variety of specialized soil- and wood-inhabiting species and many rare species not observed in mature stands regenerated through clear-cutting are found in the latter. Structural diversity of senescent second-growth fir stands becomes similar to that of old-growth stand because of mortality within the overstory. These structural characteristics favour the development of diversified nonvascular plant communities, especially wood-inhabiting species found on slightly decomposed woody debris and soil-inhabiting species that colonize disturbed soils.[Journal translation]

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studying the Kinetics of the Alkaline Processing of Boron Production Wastes under Different Conditions

The kinetics are studied of topochemical reactions of the formation of calcium hydrosilicate in a multicomponent aqueous system consisting of waste products of boric acid production. The waste products include silicon dioxide and calcium sulfate in equal molar fractions, an alkali metal hydroxide in a stoichiometric ratio to the molar content of calcium sulfate and silicon oxide for obtaining hydrosilicate calcium, and the volume of water calculated to obtain a solution of alkali metal sulfate with a concentration below saturation. Data are obtained on the kinetics of the formation of calcium hydrosilicates in different modes of processing (normal conditions with constant stirring; ultrasonic action at a temperature of 20°C; microwave exposure with constant stirring at a temperature of 95°C; and autoclaving at a temperature of 220°C). It is found that the fastest reaction rate is characteristic of microwave treatment, and the largest proportion of reacted alkali metal hydroxide is obtained during autoclave treatment.

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intra-day variability of the stock market activity versus stationarity of the financial time series

We describe the impact of the intra-day activity pattern on the autocorrelation function estimator. We obtain an exact formula relating estimators of the autocorrelation functions of non-stationary process to its stationary counterpart. Hence, we proved that the day seasonality of inter-transaction times extends the memory of as well the process itself as its absolute value. That is, both processes relaxation to zero is longer.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Structure and expression of a human class pi glutathione S-transferase messenger RNA.

We have used a rat glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P) complementary DNA as a probe to screen a human placenta complementary DNA library constructed in the lambda gt11 vector. One of the positive clones contained the complete coding region (630 base pair) and the entire 3'-noncoding region (78 base pair) of the putative human glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) subunit mRNA. From the nucleotide sequence we deduced the complete amino acid sequence of the GST-pi subunit. It contained 209 amino acids with the relative molecular mass of Mr 23,224. Comparison of the amino acid sequences between GST-pi and GST-P subunits suggests that they are the corresponding enzymes in these species. GST-pi and GST-P both consist of 209 amino acids and differ in only 30 amino acids (85.6% homology). The difference in amino acid composition can explain the large difference in isoelectric point between GST-pi subunit (pI 5.5) and GST-P subunit (pI 6.9). The expression of GST-pi mRNA in some normal and cancerous tissues, including some hepatoma cell lines, hepatoma, and colon carcinoma specimens was determined using complementary DNA as a probe. The results indicate that the mode of the expression of GST-pi in humans is different from that of GST-P in rats.

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genome-Wide Analysis on Inbreeding Effects on Gene Expression in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Abstract The deleterious consequences of inbreeding, especially in the form of inbreeding depression, are well known. However, little is known about how inbreeding affects genome-wide gene expression. Here, we show that inbreeding changes transcription levels for a number of genes. Gene expression profiles of Drosophila melanogaster lines inbred to F ≈ 0.67 at different rates changed relative to those of noninbred lines, but the rate of inbreeding did not significantly affect gene expression patterns. Genes being differentially expressed with inbreeding are disproportionately involved in metabolism and stress responses, suggesting that inbreeding acts like an environmental stress factor.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Controlled Production of Monodispersed Silica Microspheres Using a Double Step-Emulsification Device

We explore droplet based microfluidics to perform chemical reactions within microfluidic channels. By dispensing the different chemicals in droplets and subsequently merging the droplets containing different chemicals, the reactive mixture never gets in contact with the walls of the surrounding microfluidic channel. Using this approach we can realize chemical reactions for gels or precipitates, which are neither possible in single phase microfluidics, nor in droplet based microfluidics if the chemicals are mixed prior to dispersing the droplets. We explore this explicitly for the production of porous silica particles from sol-gel chemistry. All processing steps ranging from droplet production, synchronization of the droplets containing the different chemicals, combining the droplets, mixing and post processing are discussed and optimized for the particular demands.

Topic: Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonlinear soil-structure interaction analysis of multistorey building

The interaction among structures, their foundations and the soil medium below the foundations alter the actual behaviour of the structure considerably than what is obtained from the consideration of the structure alone. Conventionally, superstructures are usually analyzed by assuming the structure to be fixed at the foundation level. Such an analysis neglects the flexibility of foundation and compressibility of soil mass. It is also assumed, conventionally, that the soil is behaving linearly neglecting that fact that it is nonlinear in nature. In this study an attempt has been made to carry out a two dimensional linear and nonlinear analysis of the problem of a multistory building incorporating soil-structure interaction with respect to nonhomogenous soil properties in Malaysia. Two techniques of analysis have been carried out, in the first, linear stress strain relationship is assumed for the soil where finite element method has been employed in modelling the superstructure members and foundation beam while Winkler’s springs have been attached to the foundation beam to represent the soil layer below foundation, and then a linear coupled finite infinite element modelling is done. Three noded isoparametric beam bending element with three degrees of freedom that takes into account of the transverse shear forces and axial flexural interaction, this element is used to represent the frame members in all types of analyses. Eight noded isoparametric quadrilateral finite element is used to represent the near filed of soil while the far field is represented by using five noded isoparametric infinite element. In the second analysis, the same coupled finite-infinite element modelling is used, the that, the soil is considered to behave nonlinear and a hyperbolic model is used to take this nonlinearity into account. The result showed the importance of taking soil structure interaction into account,results obtained from each analysis have been obtained and comparison among various analyses has been stated.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences