jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The ultradiscrete Toda lattice and the Smith normal form of bidiagonal matrices

The discrete Toda lattice preserves the eigenvalues of tridiagonal matrices, and convergence of dependent variables to the eigenvalues can be proved under appropriate conditions. We show that the ultradiscrete Toda lattice preserves invariant factors of a certain bidiagonal matrix over a principal ideal domain and prove convergence of dependent variables to invariant factors using properties of the box and ball system. Using this fact, we present a new method for computing the Smith normal form of a given matrix.

Topic: Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dentale erosjoner - forekomst, registrering, årsaker, genetikk og prinsipper for behandling

English summary An update on erosive tooth wear - prevalence, registration, etiology, genetic and treatment principles [[Nor Tannlegeforen Tid 2019; 129: ]]452-64 Dental erosive wear causes an irreversible, progressive loss of dental hard tissue that does not originate from bacteria. The prevalence of dental erosive wear among Norwegian 16-18 year olds is reported to vary between 32-64%, with most of the lesions restricted to the enamel. Many clinicians experience diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment as challenging. Anamnestic information, clinical examination, clinical photos, study models, and a grading system are all helpful tools when diagnosing erosive tooth wear. Risk factors are usually divided into external and internal, where the intake of acidic foods and beverages, and presence of gastrointestinal disturbances are considered to be the most dominant. Results from recent studies indicate that the susceptibility to erosive tooth wear differs between individuals, and that this is influenced by genetic variation. Patients at risk may need more protection than others by intense modification of risk factors and use of certain protective products. There is no standard treatment for damages caused by erosive tooth wear, and choice of treatment strategy should be determined on individual basis with emphasis on the minimal invasive intervention.

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The Influence of Organizational Communication on Teacher Job Satisfaction in SMPN 1 Banuhampu Agam District

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of organizational communication toward work satisfaction in SMPN 1 Banuhampu Kabupaten Agam. The population of the research is the teachers in SMPN 1 Banuhampu Kabupaten Agam. Samples taken are 56 respondents by using random sampling technique, which determine samples by taking a sample randomly and use the questionnaire as a tool to collect data. Based on hypothesis in this research, it is assumed that the influence of organizational communication, significantly and positively influence the teachers’ work satisfaction in SMPN 1 Banuhampu Kabupaten Agam.&#x0D; The data analysis methods author used in this research are validity tes, reliability test, variable descriptive analysis test, simple linear regression analysis, T test and F test. From analysis that have been done, author found that effect of organizational communication variable (X) toward work satisfaction is significantly and positively influence the teachers’ work, this is proven by significant probability value of communication organization is resulted in 0,000 which is smaller than 0,05. From F test, it can be concluded that regression model can be use to predict the organizational communication, which have significantly and positively influence toward teachers’ work satisfaction by the significant probability value is resulted in 0,000 which is smaller than 0,05.

Topic: Education and Communication Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of inflammation markers with prediction scores in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

A total of 345 patients with CAP were enrolled in this study. All-cause mortality at the 28th day of follow-up was 13.6 %. There were statistically significant results between the 2 groups (survivors and non-survivors), in terms of the LCRP, SII, PSI, and CURB-65 values. Moreover, the optimal LCRP cutoff for predicting 28-day mortality was determined to be 4, with 89 % sensitivity, 73 % specificity. Based on the average SII>3551for predicting 28-day mortality, the sensitivity, specificity was 63.8 %, 68.1 % respectively. When the value of the cutoff PSI was ≥130 points, the sensitivity, specificity was 68 %, 65 %, respectively. Based on 3 points and above as the cutoff value of the CURB-65 score, the sensitivity, specificity was 80 %, 68 %, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas of LCRP, SII, PSI, and CURB-65 under the AUC in terms of 28-day mortality were 0,820,0,737,681, and 0,773, respectively,CONCLUSIONS: LCRP and SII level are valuable for predicting the mortality rate among patients with CAP at ED admission (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 27).

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The principles of the organization and operation of social cooperatives for rural development in the light of the legal regulations in Poland

The purpose of this article is, first of all, to evaluate legal regulations concerning the establishment and development of social cooperatives in rural areas. The first part of the paper focuses on the issues relating to a social economy. Since cooperatives do not operate for their own profit but for the benefit of their members, they contribute to carrying out the tasks of a social economy. Next, the article analyzes the Act of 27 April 2006 on social cooperatives, drawing attention to the problems connected with obtaining the status of the unemployed by an owner of farming lands, their spouse or a household member [Ustawa... 2006 b]. Additionally, the paper discusses the sources of financial aid addressed to the entities in question. In conclusions, the Author recommends that the regulations governing the operation of social cooperatives should be changed.

Topic: Agricultural economics and policies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Modified Delphi Study to Identify Factors Associated With Clinical Deterioration in Hospitalized Children

OBJECTIVE: Hospitalized children who are admitted to the inpatient ward can deteriorate and require unplanned transfer to the PICU. Studies designed to validate early warning scoring systems have focused mainly on abnormalities in vital signs in patients admitted to the inpatient ward. The objective of this study was to determine the patient and system factors that experienced clinicians think are associated with progression to critical illness in hospitalized children. METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi study with 3 iterations, administered electronically. The expert panel consisted of 11 physician and nonphysician health care providers from hospitals in Canada and the United States. RESULTS: Consensus was reached that 21 of the 57 factors presented are associated with clinical deterioration in hospitalized children. The final list of variables includes patient characteristics, signs and symptoms in the emergency department, emergency department management, and system factors. CONCLUSIONS: We generated a list of variables that can be used in future prospective studies to determine if they are predictors of clinical deterioration on the inpatient ward.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges in hyponatremia etiology and management in a child with a suprasellar tumour

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accelerated transformation of the fumigant methyl isothiocyanate in soil after repeated application of metham-sodium

Abstract The transformation of metham‐sodium into methyl isothiocyanate and the further transformation of the latter active compound were measured in incubation studies with moist soils in gastight flasks at 15°C. Soils were collected from seven "problem" fields, from six frequently fumigated glasshouses and from nine trials with plots treated annually and plots left untreated. Metham‐sodium was transformed to methyl isothiocyanate to a high extent (more than 90 %) in all soils tested, and the maximum amounts of methyl isothiocyanate were measured within 0.1 to 1 day after addition of metham‐sodium. The transformation rate of methyl isothiocyanate varied considerably: the time for 50 % transformation ranged from 0.5 to 50 d. In general, methyl isothiocyanate was transformed appreciably faster in soils that had previously been treated frequently. However, in soils from two trial plots, that had been treated 13 times or more, no clearly enhanced rate of transformation was measured. Poor nematode control on arable fields could not always be explained by high transformation rates.

Topic: Plant Disease Management Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The End of Roman Britain and the Coming of the Saxons: An Archaeological Context for Arthur?

This chapter contains sections titled: Gildas and the History of Britain in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries The Archaeology of Britain in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries Germanic Settlement Towns The Celtic West Tintagel Cadbury Castle Dinas Powys Western and Northern England Conclusion References and Further Reading

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of micro-RNA132 and its long non coding SOX2 in diagnosis of lupus nephritis

Background The skin and the kidney are commonly affected in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with similar molecular mechanisms. Although clinical indicators of renal injury in SLE are fairly uncontroversial, few biomarkers are reliable. The role of micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs) in lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis has been investigated to help in early diagnosis. Purpose The aim of work is to evaluate miRNA132 and SOX2 expressions in SLE Egyptian patients; with and without nephritis, and the relation between miRNA132 and its long non-coding gene SOX2 in both patients groups. Research Design This is a case-control study involving 100 SLE patients with and without LN (LN and non-LN groups), and 50 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. The study was carried out to detect miRNA132 and SOX2 expression by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase chain reaction methods. The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was assessed. Results SLEDAI increased in LN compared to non-LN. Micro-RNA132 expression was significantly increased in patient groups compared to controls ( p&lt;0.01) and increased in LN more than non-LN group ( p&lt;0.001). SOX2 significantly decreased in patient groups compared to controls ( p&lt;0.001), and was more in LN compared to non-LN group ( p&lt;0.001). There was a negative correlation between miRNA132 and SOX2 expression in both patient groups ( p&lt;0.001). Conclusion miRNA132 and SOX2 may play a role in SLE activity and help in the early non-invasive diagnosis of LN.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating the effects of interactive innovations at farm level: the potential of FADN

Purpose: This study explores the potential of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) to assess the technical, economic and environmental effects of cooperative innovation projects at farm level.Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of the FADN potential relies on the classification of innovations and the co-identification, through the Most Significant Change (MSC) approach, of the most relevant indicators for tracking and assessing the performances of innovations and attributing to them the effects of a specific innovation.Findings: The study shows that the FADN has a certain range of useful indicators and that they have a good coverage of the different types of innovation. Furthermore, the farm visits let emerge the importance of participatory approaches to capture the different changes and interplays occurred in farming processes.Practical implications: The paper lays the foundations for the adaptation of the current methodology for data collecting and provides useful insights concerning the overcoming representativeness claims, costs' issues, and problems related to the observation time limit.Theoretical implications: The paper reveals the importance of participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches in helping the collection of more robust and relevant account data on farm, as well as in attributing certain results to a specific innovation and recognising synergies and side-effects of cooperative processes.Originality/Values: The paper provides some recommendations on how to enlarge the scope of the FADN survey in order to be used effectively in the analysis of the performance of cooperative innovations at farm level.

Topic: Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
REACTIONS OF α-KETOSULFENES WITH CYCLIC NITRONES

Abstract Benzoylsulfene 1 and two cyclic α-ketosulfenes 2 and 3, generated in situ from the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides and triethylamine, react with 1-pyrroline 1-oxides to produce the corresponding cis-s-cis β-aminoenones and/or β-imino sulfonic acids, whose relative yields greatly depended on the nature of solvents employed. The reaction pathways are also described.

Topic: Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immune escape of γ-herpesviruses from adaptive immunity

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-herpesvirus infection and the immune response. These γ-herpesviruses actively antagonize the innate and adaptive antiviral responses, thereby efficiently establishing latent or persistent infections and even promoting development of malignancies. In this review, we summarize immune evasion strategies of γ-herpesviruses. These include suppression of MHC-I-restricted and MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation, impairment of dendritic cell functions, downregulation of costimulatory molecules, activation of virus-specific regulatory T cells, and induction of inhibitory cytokines. There is a focus on how both γ-herpesvirus-derived and host-derived immunomodulators interfere with adaptive antiviral immunity. Understanding immune-evasive mechanisms is essential for developing future immunotherapies against EBV-driven and KSHV-driven tumors.

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Blended Features Classification of Leaf-Based Cucumber Disease Using Image Processing Techniques

Existing plant leaf disease detection approaches are based on features of extracting algorithms. These algorithms have some limits in feature selection for the diseased portion, but they can be used in conjunction with other image processing methods. Diseases of a plant can be classified from their symptoms. We proposed a cucumber leaf recognition approach, consisting of five steps: preprocessing, normalization, features extraction, features fusion, and classification. Otsu's thresholding is implemented in preprocessing and Tan–Triggs normalization is applied for normalizing the dataset. During the features extraction step, texture and shape features are extracted. In addition, increasing the instances improves some characteristics. Through a principal component analysis approach, serial feature fusion is employed to provide a feature score. Fused features can be classified through a support vector machine. The accuracy of the Fine KNN is 94.30%, which is higher than the previous work in past papers.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Amorphous Slack Methodology for Autonomous Fault-Handling in Reconfigurable Devices

Amorphous Slack fault handling methodology utilizes adaptive runtime redundancy to improve survivability of FPGA based designs. Unlike conventional static redundancy based methods to achieve fault resilience, the proposed system operates in uniplex arrangement under non-contingent conditions. The proposed fault isolation algorithm is invoked upon fault detection which employs a health metric of the application operating over reconfigurable platform. This assertion applies if a signal-to-noise metric is known, as well as applications that do not possess a readily correlated metric to identify anomalous behavior. In particular, readily available processor cores allow dynamic fault identification by executing a software specification of the signal processing algorithm which is used to periodically validate critical outputs of the high-speed hardware circuit within tolerances. The results from H.263 video encoder and Canny edge detector implemented over Xilinx Virtex-4 device demonstrate autonomous recovery from permanent stuck-at faults while maintaining the throughput during fault-handling operations. The fault-detection and isolation applications are executed on on-chip PowerPC processor while the Circuit-Under-Test (CUT) is realized in hardware fabric. The proposed architecture allows on-chip processor based functional monitoring of the contained hardware resources subjected to the actual inputs of the circuit.

Topic: Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Navigating a Just Transition through the Climate Emergency: What Role for Finance and Technology

The global politics of the climate emergency entails complex choices concerning the distribution of costs and benefits between countries, within countries and across society. The distributional debate between countries is well-established at the international level after three decades of United Nations negotiations. At the domestic level, individual countries have had to make challenging choices as they consider transitioning to low carbon energy systems. While the distributional struggle within countries is less explicitly addressed at the international level, it is beginning to shape climate global politics as climate policy shifts from the environmental margins to the economic core of government decision-making. © Royal Irish Academy

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Increasing Proportion of High-risk Cytomegalovirus Donor-positive/Recipient-negative Serostatus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+R–) serostatus is independently associated with worse allograft and patient survival across solid organ transplant (SOT) types. We characterized trends in CMV D+R– serostatus among adult SOT recipients performed in the United States. Methods. Donor (D) and recipient (R) CMV serostatus and demographic factors were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients for persons ≥18 y undergoing a first SOT between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. The proportions of D+R– SOTs over time were assessed using Chi square for trend and modeled through 2040. Factors associated with D/R seropositivity were assessed using logistic models. Results. Among 472 549 SOTs, the average proportion of D+R– SOTs increased significantly among kidney, liver, heart, and lung between 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2020: 18.0% to 18.3% ( P = 0.034), 19.4% to 21.8% ( P &lt; 0.001), 22.2% to 25.5% ( P &lt; 0.001), and 23.6% to 27.0% ( P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The increased proportion over time resulted from a disproportionate increase in R– (34.9% to 37.0% for all organ types, P &lt; 0.001) and a smaller corresponding change in D+ (60.8% to 60.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. The proportion of high-risk CMV D+R– SOTs increased significantly across all organs and is projected to continue to increase. These findings inform population-level strategies to mitigate the negative impact of CMV D+R– in SOT.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Roles of pigment epithelium-derived factor in cardiomyocytes: implications for use as a cardioprotective therapeutic

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with patients having limited options for treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with several mechanisms of action. Recently, PEDF has emerged as a potential cardioprotective agent in response to myocardial infarction. However, PEDF is also associated with pro-apoptotic effects, complicating its role in cardioprotection. This review summarises and compares knowledge of PEDF’s activity in cardiomyocytes with other cell types and draws links between them. Following this, the review offers a novel perspective of PEDF’s therapeutic potential and recommends future directions to understand the clinical potential of PEDF better. Key findings PEDF’s mechanisms as a pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein are not well understood, despite PEDF’s implication in several physiological and pathological activities. However, recent evidence suggests that PEDF may have significant cardioprotective properties mediated by key regulators dependent on cell type and context. Conclusions While PEDF’s cardioprotective activity shares some key regulators with its apoptotic activity, cellular context and molecular features likely allow manipulation of PEDF’s cellular activity, highlighting the importance of further investigation into its activities and its potential to be applied as a therapeutic to mitigate damage from a range of cardiac pathologies.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structure of the mouse gene encoding CD4 and an unusual transcript in brain.

The T-cell differentiation antigen CD4 plays an important role in the function of T cells that recognize class II major histocompatibility complex proteins. Mouse CD4 (L3T4) has previously been shown to be evolutionarily related to immunoglobulin variable regions based on the predicted protein sequence from cDNA clones. The gene encoding L3T4 was found to be transcribed not only in a subset of T-lineage cells but also unexpectedly in brain, where a shorter transcript was found. In the present study the gene encoding L3T4 is shown to span 26 kilobases and to contain 10 exons. The structural organization is similar to that of other members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily except for the striking presence of an intron in the middle of the sequence encoding the amino-terminal immunoglobulin-like homology unit. The structure of the shorter L3T4 transcript in mouse brain has been determined. This mRNA appears to be generated from a transcriptional start site within the coding sequence in exon VI. If translated, this transcript would encode a protein of 217 amino acids that lacks the usual L3T4 signal peptide and the amino-terminal 214 amino acids of the mature protein.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences