jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A primary mlticenter report of lamellar keratoplasty in treatment of keratoconus

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) in treatment of keratoconus. Methods Twelve keratoconus patients (13 eyes) received LKP from 2001 to 2003.1. Admission criterions:(1)kerotoconus patients whose best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were less than 0.3,could not tolerance the rigid gas permeable contact lens. (2) keraotconus patients with mental retard, one or two eyes BCVA were less than 0.3. (3)kerotoconus patients received penetrating keratoplasty ( PKP) in one eye and suffered from immune rejection, and the other (eye's) BCVA was less than 0.3. 2. Surgical technique: the bed was larger than the base of the taper. The cornea stroma was cut off until almost reach to the decement membrane. The donor size was lied on the the axial length (AXL) of the patients, a same-size donor was used for eyes with an AXL longer than 24.50 mm, whereas a 0.25mm oversized donor was used for eyes shorter than 24.49mm. 3. Postoperative follow up: postoperative follow up include uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), BCVA, corneal curvature, complications, immune rejection.Results The mean follow up time was 19.1 months (rage from 6 to 35 months). BCVA was 0.5 in 3 patients, 0.8 or better in 7 eyes, noncooperation in 2 eyes, and the mean astigmatism was 3.4D (rage was from 2.5D to 5.5D) in patients who received LKP. 5 patients have received PKP, and 3 eyes suffered from endothelial immune rejection. There was no immune rejection episode was found in 12 patients (13 eyes) who received LKP. Conclusion LKP is an effective method in treatment of keratoconus, especially for patients with mental retard or patients having received PKP in one eye and suffered from endothelial immune rejection.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Band Loop on Kinematic and Electromyography of Lower Extremities during Pedaling with Ergometer in Male Students with Genuvarum: A Descriptive Study

Background and Objectives: Change in the lower extremity alignments in the frontal plane and muscle activation patterns during pedaling is associated with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of band loop on kinematic and electromyography of lower extremities during pedaling.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, Kinematic information of the lower extremity and the electromyographic activity of muscles of 30 male students (normal=15, Genuvarum (GV)=15) in the Movafaghian Clinic in Tehran were recorded during pedaling with and without band loop in 10 pedaling cycles of last 30 seconds. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in the gluteus medius (Gmed) muscle activation (p=0.001) and Gmed/tensor fasciae latae (TFL) activity ratio in both groups (normal p= 0.042, GV p= 0.045), onset of TFL (p=0.007) and offset of Gmed activity (p=0.018) in the normal group, and the onset of Gmed muscle (p=0.048), offset of Gmed (p=0.047) and mean knee abduction angle (p=0.047) in the GV group. Also, the results showed a significant difference in TFL activation with and without the loop across the two groups (with loop p= 0.001, without loop p= 0.003) and the mean (p=0.021) and maximum knee abduction angle (p=0.027) without loop between the two groups. 
Conclusion: Pedaling with loop band can be an effective method to increase the function and activation of Gmed muscle while decreasing TFL, improving knee kinematics in the frontal plane and knee stability to prevent injury in the normal and GV groups.
Key words: Surface electromyography, Band loop, Kinematic, Ergometer
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabataba’i University approved the study (IR.ATU.REC.1398.017).
How to cite this article: Heydarian M, Babakhani F, Hatefi M, Balochi R. The Effect of Band Loop on Kinematic and Electromyography of Lower Extremities During Pedaling with Ergometer in Male Students with Genuvarum: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (5): 447-62. [Farsi]

Topic: Sports injuries and prevention
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD ICHVOLT #194649.1

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Design Proposal for a Wireless Derouter

This Pictorial uses design as a way to imaginatively and critically engage with digital disconnectivity as the obverse reaction to an increasingly hyperconnected, sped-up, and always-on digital world. Design is practiced here as a mode of inquiry and the outcomes presented as conceptual tools.

Topic: Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Virtual Golf, “Exergaming”, Using Virtual Reality for Healthcare in Older Adults: Focusing on Leisure Constraints, Participation Benefits, and Continuous Participation Intention

Exergaming, a new type of sport, combined with virtual reality, has provided new opportunities for the aging population. This study analyzed the differences in leisure constraints, participation benefits, and continuous participation intention in virtual golf (represented as an exergame) depending on the participants’ ages. Data collection was conducted from August 2023 to November 2023. A quantitative research design and a convenience sampling method were employed, targeting 310 regular virtual golf participants aged 20 years or older in the Republic of Korea. For comparative analysis, the survey participants were segmented into three groups: Group 1, young adults (18–35 years); Group 2, middle-aged adults (36–55 years); and Group 3, older adults (56–69 years). To compare and analyze participation behaviors in virtual golf, the dependent variables were identified: (a) leisure constraints (four factors) to limit formation and participation in leisure; (b) participation benefits (four factors) to encourage participation in leisure; and (c) continuous participation intention (single factor) to show likelihood to participate in leisure in the future. The results revealed that the young adult group showed statistically high results for costs under leisure constraints (F = 14.949, p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.089), and the older adult group reported statistically high results in physical (F = 9.346, p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.057) and mental (F = 7.249, p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.045) participation benefits and continuous participation intention (F = 6.486, p &lt; 0.01, ηp2 = 0.041). This study confirmed that virtual golf using advanced technology brings physical and mental benefits to older people based on reasonable cost and enables continuous participation in physical activity.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pathophysiology and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review

Diabetes is an endocrine disorder which is known by abnormal high blood glucose levels. There are two main categories of diabetes: type I (10%–15%) and type II (85%–90%). Although type II is more common, type I is the most common form in children. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which remains the foremost cause of losing vision in working-age populations, can be considered as the main complication of diabetes mellitus. So choosing the best method for diagnosing, tracking, and treating the DR is vital to enhance the quality of life and decrease the medical expenses. Each method for diagnosing DR has some advantages and the best way must be selected according to the points that we need to find. For writing this manuscript, we made a list of relevant keywords including diabetes, DR, pathophysiology, ultrawide field imaging, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography-angiography, and then we started searching for studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This review article covers the pathophysiology of DR and medical imaging techniques to monitor DR. First, we introduce DR and its pathophysiology and then we present the medical imaging techniques to monitor it.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Barrett's Oesophagus (BE)Surveillance: What is its Real Role?

The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing rapidly. Although surveillance of BE, its precursor, is recommended, to detect dysplasia and early cancer, the cost-effectiveness of this approach has not been established.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abortion in Vietnam: Measurements, Puzzles, and Concerns

This report summarizes current knowledge about abortion in Vietnam, drawing upon government statistics, survey data, and fieldwork undertaken by the author in Vietnam throughout 1993 and part of 1994. The official total abortion rate in Vietnam in 1992 was about 2.5 per woman, the highest in Asia and worrisome for a country with a still-high total fertility rate of 3.7 children per woman. Vietnamese provinces exhibited substantial variation in both the rate of abortion and the type of procedures performed. Among the hypotheses explored to explain Vietnam's high rate of abortion are the borrowing of family planning strategies from other poor socialist states where abortion is common; current antinatal population policies that interact with a lack of contraceptive alternatives; and a rise in pregnancies among young and unmarried women in the wake of recent free-market reforms. Because family-size preferences are still declining, abortion rates may continue to increase unless the incidence of unwanted pregnancy can be reduced, a goal that Vietnamese population specialists are seeking to achieve.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Monotonic and cyclic modeling of interface between geotextile and gravelly soil

Abstract This paper describes a modified elasto‐plasticity damage model to capture monotonic and cyclic behavior of the interface between a geotextile and gravelly soil. New damage variable and shear strength criterion are introduced on the basis of test observations. The formulations of the modified model are obtained by extending those of the original interface model. The model parameters with physical meaning are easily determined from a group of cyclic shear tests and a confining compression test. The model predictions are compared with the results of a series of direct shear tests and large‐scale pullout tests. The comparison results demonstrate that the model accurately describes the monotonic and cyclic stress–strain relationship of the interface between a geotextile and gravelly soil while capturing new characteristics: (1) the strength that is nonlinearly dependent on the normal stress; (2) significant shear strain‐softening; (3) the comprehensive volumetric strain response with dependency on the shear direction; and (4) the evolution of behavior associated with the changes in the physical state that includes the geotextile damage. This model is used in a finite element analysis of pullout tests, indicating that the tensile modulus of a geotextile has a significant effect on the response of the geotextile–gravel system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Refractive error with the Barrett True-K No History versus Panacea formula in cataract operated patients with a history of radial keratotomy

Introduction: The challenge of calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power after refractive surgery such as radial keratotomy (RK) remains unresolved after two decades. At present, there is an increase in patients with this history. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the difference in refractive error after surgery between the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, for the calculation of IOL in cataract operated patients with a history of RK. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted. The power of the IOL was calculated, with the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, and the IOLMaster 500 biometer. Two groups were studied. The predicted spherical equivalent was adjusted to obtain the power of the final implanted lens. The result of the predicted spherical equivalent was subtracted from the actual spherical equivalent, thus the refractive error was obtained for each formula. Student’s t-test was used for independent groups. Results: The error with the Barrett True-K No History formula was −0.16 ± 1.12, whereas the error with the Panacea formula was −0.93 ± 1.22. p = 0.346. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference when comparing these two formulas, which showed that Panacea is as effective as Barrett True-K No History in cataract-operated patients with a history of RK.&#13;\n

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Uniform Solution to Common Algorithmic Problem by Tissue P Systems with Cell Division

Common algorithmic problem is an optimization problem, which has the nice property that several other NP-complete problems can be reduced to it in linear time. A tissue P system with cell division is a computing model which has two basic characters: intercellular communication and the ability of cell division. The ability of cell division allows us to obtain an exponential amount of cells in linear time and to design cellular solutions to computationally hard problems in polynomial time. We here present an effective solution to the common algorithmic decision problem using a family of recognizer tissue P systems with cell division.

Topic: DNA and Biological Computing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the wastewater of the processing enterprise

Wastewater contains stable and unstable pollutants. In the process of self-cleaning, a large amount of bottom sediments accumulates, especially in artificially created storage ponds. As a result of the increasing load on this type of water bodies and the accumulation of bottom sediments, the self-purification ability is sharply reduced, which entails an additional load on the environment. The use of bottom sediments for biological reclamation is allowed after the establishment of the hazard class in accordance with the current regulatory documents and taking measures to neutralize them. The purpose of this separate fragment of work was to study the total content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of storage ponds of a milk processing enterprise and determine the possibility of their further use. As a result of the data obtained, it can be concluded that the lead content was 14.6-17.3 mg/kg, depending on the depth of the bottom sediment sampling layer. At a sampling depth of 0.5-1.0 meters, the lead content was maximum and exceeded the clarke values of the element by 8.1%. There is a 2 time excess of the clarke values for cadmium at a depth of 1.0-1.5 meters. Indicators for zinc and copper were 12.4-14.1 mg/kg and 5.9-9.8 mg/kg, respectively, and did not go beyond the threshold limits of the compared values. The research results allow concluding that the bottom sediments of the storage ponds of the milk processing enterprise are not toxic. Therefore, they can be used in the composition of soil.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
High harmonic generation of spatially chirped pulses with a variable pulse-front tilt compressor (Conference Presentation)

In simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) a wide bandwidth pulse with transverse spatial chirp is focused, resulting in a pulse that is temporally compressed only near the focal plane. The pulse also has a pulse front tilt angle that depends on the amount of initial transverse chirp. Using an improved design of an asymmetric pulse compressor, we can easily vary the amount of output spatial chirp and thus the pulse front tilt at the focus. We direct this beam into a vacuum chamber and focus it onto an argon gas jet to achieve high harmonic generation (HHG). Since the harmonics are created with a tilted pulse, they emerge from the focus with an amount of angular chirp based on the input spatial chirp and harmonic number. We angularly disperse the harmonics in the direction perpendicular to the spatial chirp with a curved reflective grating, which focuses in the spectral direction onto an x-ray CCD camera. We observe that each of the harmonics possesses angular spatial chirp. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental verification of our earlier published theory of spatially chirped high harmonics. These harmonics are in a sense the Fourier complement to harmonics produced with the Lighthouse Effect. In that case, the attosecond pulse train is angularly dispersed while here each harmonic has angular spectral dispersion. This technique could be used for hyperspectral XUV spectroscopy and, when the beam is refocused, would allow for temporal focusing of the attosecond pulse train.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of long-term fertilization on free-living nematode community structure in Mollisols

The influence of long-term application of pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer (MCF) or chemical fertilizer (CF) on free-living nematodes was evaluated in this study.The application model of fertilizers lasted 14 years in Mollisols, and treatments included MCF, CF and no fertilizer (NF).A total of 26 free-living nematode genera belonging to seven functional guilds were found in maize fields, and the community structure of free-living nematodes was different in MCF, CF and NF.Pig manure increased the abundance of bacterivores, especially those belonging to c-p1 (Ba1) and c-p2 (Ba2) guilds.Channel index (CI) was higher in NF than in MCF and CF, but enrichment index (EI) was higher in MCF and CF compared to NF.The structure index (SI) was highest in NF among three treatments.Total bacterivores, Ba1 and Ba2 guilds were positively correlated to organic C, total N, available N, total P and available P, but fungivores only had correlation with organic C and soil moisture.The SI index was negatively related to organic C, total N, available N, total P and available P. Collectively, these results indicate that the pig manure or chemical fertilizer normally applied to increase soil nutrition also induce negative influence on soil food web structure as reflected from biological aspect, and that soil nematodes can enhance agroecological assessments of changes induced by long-term fertilizer application in maize field in Mollisols.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS THROUGH MOMENT GENERATING FUNCTIONALS.

It is shown that if the linear functional w generates moments $\{ \mu _i \} _{i = 0}^\infty $ through the formula $\mu _i = \langle {w,x^i } \rangle $, $i = 0,1, \cdots $, then the Chebyshev polyno...

Topic: Functional Equations Stability Results
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selection of Wheat Genotype(S) for Drought Stress Based on Physiological Traits

&lt;p&gt;Wheat, the world’s third important cereal, is cultivated in Pakistan both in irrigated and rainfed areas. One of the major constraints of wheat production in rainfed area is drought that needs to be addressed. Although many genotypes were released that were tolerant to drought stress by improving various physiological traits but there is a need to lessen the effects of drought to boost wheat productivity. The present study was designed to identify genotype(s) suitable under drought stress by analyzing various physiological traits such as relative water content, cell membrane stability, proline content and chlorophyll content under drought stress. The research material consisted of sixteen different wheat genotypes. The experiment was planted during winter 2013-14 following RCBD with three replications. Drought stress was induced by withholding water during heading and anthesis stages. High heritability, observed for relative water content, proline content and cell membrane stability, indicated that selection would be effective for these traits as they are heritable to next generation. Correlation analysis revealed that cell membrane stability and proline content were negatively correlated with relative water content while proline content was positively correlated with cell membrane stability. Yield was only positively correlated with chlorophyll content. Among tested wheat genotypes, Maxi-Pak, Chakwal 50 and WC 20 were identified as potential varieties that can be used in future wheat breeding programme for rainfed conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Carbon dioxide and the HCO3 ion as specific respiratory stimulants

It has been noted by Howell, Collip, Dale and Evans, the author and others that the intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate may act as either a respiratory or circulatory stimulant, eliciting hypernea or a marked rise in the blood pressure. Such injection obviously increases the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood and inasmuch as it produces a slight dilution, it decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood eliciting the stimulation. The increased respiration is, therefore contrary to the usually accepted laws of respiration. The only apparent change in the blood which might elicit stimulation is the greatly increased number of HCO3 ions. Collip, therefore, suggests that the HCO3 ion exerts a specific stimulating action on the respiratory center. We believe, however, that this anomalous result may be otherwise explained. When the carbon dioxide is dissolved in water it exists primarily in three forms—dissolved CO2 molecules, dissolved undissociated H2CO3—molecules and dissociated H2CO3—thus . Addition of sodium bicarbonate to the solution pushes the reaction to the left increasing both the dissolved CO2 and the undissociated H2CO3. If we accept the view that the dissolved CO2, and the undissociated H2CO3, diffuse freely into cells while the ions as such do not penetrate to any appreciable extent it is apparent that the injection of sodium bicarbonate increases the freely diffusable forms of carbon dioxide at the expense of the poorly diffusible ions and in that way increases the acid effects of the blood, at least on the interior of the cells (and possibly in the lymph bathing the cells as will be discussed in a later paper) even though the actual sum total of the original dissolved carbon dioxide in its various forms is not increased and the hydrogen ion concentrate of the blood is actually decreased.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences