jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peran Sarana Angkutan Darat Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Efisiensi Distribusi Ternak Dan Hasil Ternak Sapi Potong Di Indonesia

In livestock trading system and cattle product such as meat and other livestock products always involves some businesses that make up the chain of marketing. Tradable commodity that can be distributed right from the producer to the end consumer in the form of live cattle or in the form of livestock product. Distribution activities of livestock and livestock products by land necessarily involves a good means of land transport trains, trucks and other means of land transport. While also involving the various levels of the marketing chain of middlemen village level, large padagang up with retailers. Implementation of the distribution chain between marketing is not just a process of transporting goods. Consistent with the mechanism of the existing business, there will be a new price formation on each node chain path. The longer the chain through which the formation of prices will be higher . Such conditions led to the emergence of the marketing margin distribution on each node marketing chain. The amount of the marketing margin generated between the node is varied, it is largely determined by many things, in addition to the cost of marketing, also the advantage taken by the perpetrator. The study was conducted in East Java and West Java in 2013. Analysis of data using simple cross-tabulation of data derived from primary data and secondary data Keywords: Land Transport, Distribution and Livestock

Topic: Livestock Farming and Management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Autoimmune Disease, Thyroiditis, and Hyperthyroidism Without Goiter

Comments1 June 1977Autoimmune Disease, Thyroiditis, and Hyperthyroidism Without GoiterSTEVEN G. DORFMAN, M.D., ROBERT L. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P., ROBERT L. PEAKE, M.D., F.A.C.P.STEVEN G. DORFMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT L. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT L. PEAKE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-824 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We previously described eight patients with a syndrome of painless thyroiditis and transient hyperthyroidism without goiter (1). All patients have followed the course of subacute (viral) thyroiditis. Other patients with a similar syndrome of painless thyroiditis and transient hyperthyroidism with goiter have also been described (2-4). All patients with this syndrome have followed the course of subacute thyroiditis but at biopsy have had lymphocytic infiltration compatible with Hashimoto's (autoimmune) thyroiditis.We have followed four of our initial eight patients for 2 or more years (Table 1). The other patients left the local area and were lost to...References1. DORFMANCOOPERMANNELSON SMR: Painless thyroiditis and transient hyperthyroidism without goiter. Ann Intern Med 86:24-28, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GLUCKNUSYNOWITZPLYMATE FMS: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and low radioactive iodine uptake. N Engl J Med 293:624-628, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GORMANDUICKWOOLNER CDL: A variant of the transient goitrous hyperthyroidism syndrome (abstract). Clin Res 23:515, 1975 Google Scholar4. WOOLFDALY PR: Thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. Am J Med 60:73-79, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PEAKEWILLISASIMAKIS RDG: Radioimmunologic assay for antithyroglobulin antibodies. J Lab Clin Med 84:907-919, 1974 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: STEVEN G. DORFMAN, M.D.; ROBERT L. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.; ROBERT L. PEAKE, M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by6 Post-partum hyperthyroidism 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 824-825KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesBiopsyHyperthyroidismThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Combined Foliar Spray of Boron, Calcium, and Silicon can Influence Quality and Shelf Life of Cherry Tomato in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

방울토마토의 수경재배 중 붕소+칼슘+규소 및 칼슘+규소의 복합 엽면시비가 수확 후 품질과 MAP 저장 중 저장성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 엽면시비한 방울 토마토(‘Unicorn’)는 반숙과 상태에서 수확하여 산소투과성 필름으로 포장한 5oC, 11oC, 그리고 24oC에서 25일, 15일, 10일간 저장하였다. 붕소+칼슘+규소 복합처리한 방울토마토가 3가지 저장온도 모두에서 호흡과 에틸렌 발생이 억제되어 MAP 저장중 가장 낮은 생체중 감소와 가장 높은 외관상 품질을 보였다. 수확 후 조사한 방울토마토의 경도, 산도, 비타민 C 함량은 붕소+칼슘+규소 복합처리에서 가장 높았으며, 3가지 온도 모두에서 MAP 저장 후에도 모두 높게 유지되었다. 그러나 과피색, 라이코펜 함량과 당도는 수확 후에는 엽면시비 처리로 차이가 없었으나, 3가지 온도 모두 붕소+칼슘+규소 복합처리에서 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 붕소+칼슘+규소 복합처리는 방울토마토의 수확후 생리 작용을 억제하고 경도, 산도, 비타민 C 함량을 높여 저장성을 향상시키는 것으로 판단되었다.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Low-voltage triggering for a pseudospark switch with an auxiliary glow discharge

Different electric circuits for triggering the switch with a trigger unit based on an auxiliary glow discharge are discussed. Most attention is concentrated on the recent experimental results on low voltage triggering of the switch and on the mechanisms for the main discharge initiation under the action of the trigger pulse. Due to modifications in the trigger electric circuit, the switch is triggered starting from a voltage of 50 V at a current level in the trigger circuit of 10 mA. With a voltage of 200-250 V and a trigger current of about 0.25 A, the delay time to triggering does not exceed 200 ns.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine triggers GLP-2-mediated intestinal hypertrophy after Roux en-Y gastric bypass.

Intestinal remodeling and adaptation of the alimentary limb after Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) play an important role in the pathophysiological events that lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement. Intestinal absorptive loop hypertrophy and growth following surgery have been related to GLP-2 secretion by ileal L-cells. The secretion of PYY enterohormone after a meal has been proposed as a trigger for ileal secretion of GLP-1. Our aim is to determine the role of PYY as a GLP-2 secretion modulator as an adaptation result in the alimentary limb after RYGB. To this, we used a nonobese euglycemic rodent model. Circulating glucose, insulin, PYY and GLP-2 were measured in the experimental and control groups. We used four groups: Fasting Control, Sham-operated, RYGB-operated (RYGB) and RYGB-operated and treated with BIIE0246 (RYGB+BII). BIIE0246 is a NPY2 receptor antagonist in L-cells. Intestinal glucose transporters and GLP-1 and PYY gut expression and hypertrophy were analyzed after twelve weeks of surgery. RYGB increased PYY3-36 plasma levels in rats with or without BII treatment. A high insulin response was observed in the RYGB group but not in the control or RYGB+BII groups. BIIE0246 treatment limited plasma GLP-2 levels. In the alimentary intestinal limb, hypertrophy and SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression appeared to be reduced after RYGB compared to the other groups. We concluded that postprandial ileal PYY secretion is enhanced after RYGB. This increase mediates GLP-2 release through its binding to the Y2 receptor on L-cells. This mechanism plays a role in alimentary limb hypertrophy after surgery.

Topic: Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Right of Entry: The Struggle over Recognition in the World of Intelligence

Abstract This article aims to question the birth, and subsequent search for recognition, of a new type of intelligence agency, which appeared in the early 1990s and is now institutionalised in a vast majority of states across the world: “Financial intelligence units”. It sheds light for the first time on the modalities of access of one of these agencies to the field of security. Following Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, it thus raises the question of the “right of entry” of a new actor to a specific social universe, e.g. “the conditions and modalities for access to a particular ‘field’ at a given time in its history”. Understanding how such intelligence agencies take shape, function and interact with the security-related recipients of their intelligence is crucial for at least two reasons, regarding the policing of illicit capital and associated crimes, and the use of intelligence in contemporary strategies of social control.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Terahertz Twistoptics–Engineering Canalized Phonon Polaritons

The terahertz (THz) frequency range is key to studying collective excitations in many crystals and organic molecules. However, due to the large wavelength of THz radiation, the local probing of these excitations in smaller crystalline structures or few-molecule arrangements requires sophisticated methods to confine THz light down to the nanometer length scale, as well as to manipulate such a confined radiation. For this purpose, in recent years, taking advantage of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in highly anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials has emerged as a promising approach, offering a multitude of manipulation options, such as control over the wavefront shape and propagation direction. Here, we demonstrate the THz application of twist-angle-induced HPhP manipulation, designing the propagation of confined THz radiation between 8.39 and 8.98 THz in the vdW material α-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO<sub>3</sub>), hence extending twistoptics to this intriguing frequency range. Our images, recorded by near-field optical microscopy, show the frequency- and twist-angle-dependent changes between hyperbolic and elliptic polariton propagation, revealing a polaritonic transition at THz frequencies. As a result, we are able to allocate canalization (highly collimated propagation) of confined THz radiation by carefully adjusting these two parameters, i.e. frequency and twist angle. Specifically, we report polariton canalization in α-MoO<sub>3</sub> at 8.67 THz for a twist angle of 50°. Our results demonstrate the precise control and manipulation of confined collective excitations at THz frequencies, particularly offering possibilities for nanophotonic applications.

Topic: Terahertz technology and applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Zorn's Matrices and Finite Index Subloops#

Zorn's Algebra ℨ(R) has a multiplicative function called determinant with properties similar to the usual one. The set of elements in ℨ(R) with determinant 1 is a Moufang loop that we will denote by IΓ. In our main result we prove that if R is a Dedekind algebraic number domain that contains a unit of infinite order, each finite index subloop ℒ, such that IΓ has the weak Lagrange property relative to ℒ, is a congruence subloop.

Topic: Mathematics and Applications
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
TorchAmi: Generalized CPU/GPU Implementation of Algorithmic Matsubara Integration

We present torchami, an advanced implementation of algorithmic Matsubara integration (AMI) that utilizes pytorch as a backend to provide easy parallelization and GPU support. AMI is a tool for analytically resolving the sequence of nested Matsubara integrals that arise in virtually all Feynman perturbative expansions. In this implementation we present a new AMI algorithm that creates a more natural symbolic representation of the Feynman integrands. In addition, we include peripheral tools that allow for import and labelling of simple graph structures and conversion to torchami input. The code is written in c++ with python bindings provided.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disclosure and transparency in corporate governance codes - comparative analysis with prior literature findings

The purpose of this study is to compare our empirical findings related to the level of disclosure ensured by corporate governance codes in force in European Union member states, by referring in this respect to OECD principles, with prior related research results. The comparative analysis is justified by the fact that our paper approached corporate governance form transparency and disclosure perspective, using other framework for comparison and a different methodology for measuring the disclosure level (Jaccard's similarity coefficient) than those used in previous studies (Latent Semantic Analysis technique or the Leximetric one). The comparative analysis performed considered various features of corporate governance codes already studied, such as their issuer type or country's legal regime. The research methodology used for achieving our goal is based on econometric analysis using various statistical tools, like descriptive analysis, mainly based on computing means, and correlations for identifying the relationship between our results and those of others researchers. The results of the performed analysis reveal that our empirical results, providing a disclosure index developed for all European Union member states, are not consistent with prior research findings related to disclosure as "primary theme" of corporate governance codes. On the other hand, by analysis these codes considering their issuer type we have reached to the same conclusion as other researchers interested on this same topic. Thus, those codes issued in collaboration of several institutions, coming from various economic fields, reached the highest level of disclosure, while those developed by industry or trade associations and groups proved to be the less interested in transparency. Similar was the conclusion reached after comparing the level of disclosure in corporate governance codes by grouping them according to countries' legal regimes. The most relevant result in this respect is that Common law regime ensures the highest level of transparency through corporate governance requirements. Finally, we can assert that the compliance of corporate governance codes with OECD principles is consistent with prior research findings related to disclosure considering codes' issuer type and countries' legal regime.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Electronic Contribution to the Dynamical Screening in the Theory of Excitons in III–V and II–VI Semiconductors with Zincblende Structure

Abstract Starting from the Bethe‐Salpeter equation formulation of Sham and Rice the influence of the dynamical screening in the theory of direct excitons in III–V and II–VI zincblende structure semiconductors is computed taking into account the wave vector dependence of the dielectric constant and higher reciprocal lattice vectors. With the aid of published results of the dielectric constant calculations in the R.P.A. for zincblende semiconductors the influence of the dynamical screening is calculated exactly within the ladder approximation up to the order of magnitude E B / E gap . The results agree with the general statement by Zimmermann that the binding energy should increase due to dynamical screening. Comparison with experiments becomes possible only through the inclusion of some further corrections.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improved morphology in electrochemically grown conducting polymer films

A conducting polymer film with an improved space filling is formed on a metal electrode surface. A self-assembling monolayer is formed directly on the metal surface where the monolayer has a first functional group that binds to the metal surface and a second chemical group that forms a chemical bonding site for molecules forming the conducting polymer. The conducting polymer is then conventionally deposited by electrochemical deposition. In one example, a conducting film of polyaniline is formed on a gold electrode surface with an intermediate monolayer of p-aminothiophenol.

Topic: Conducting polymers and applications
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Security and the CSCE Process: The Stockholm Conference and Beyond

Part 1 The War and the post-war period: post-war Europe. Part 2 the emergence of the CSCE: the German problem and the early proposals for a European security conference the concept of a European Security conference, 1955-58 the road to Helsinki, 1969-73 Helsinki, 1973-75 military aspects of security at CSCE: the Belgrade meeting. Part 3 The CDE: Madrid and CSBMs the Stockholm Conference towards a successful outcome, 1984-86 agreement achieved CDE and beyond - a provisional assessment.

Topic: International Law and Aviation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Is the critique against the current system of Investment Treaty Arbitration legitimate? A study focusing on the financial crisis in Argentina

Detta examensarbete behandlar olika aspekter av internationell investeringsrätt. Bilaterala eller regionala investeringsavtal tillsammans med internationell sedvanerätt reglerar mestadels rättsområdet. Sedvanerätten är inte harmoniserad på området vilket gör den osäker för investerare. För att främja investeringar och göra investeringar säkrare började länder förhandla bilaterala investeringsavtal, BITs, i slutet av 1950-talet. Genom BITs har det blivit möjligt för investerare att väcka talan direkt mot en stat för avtalsbrott. Tvisten kommer i många fall att avgöras genom skiljedom, t.ex. av ICSID. Skiljedom av annan institution än ICSID kommer sannolikt att vara konfidentiell. Det har riktats en hel del kritik mot skiljedomsförfarandet i investeringsavtalen. Gus Van Harten är en av de mest kritiserande författarna. Han hävdar att domstolar, inte skiljedomare, ska lösa tvister som kan påverka allmänheten. Skiljedomsförfarandet i BIT uppfyller inte grundläggande funktioner för tvistlösning, eftersom den brister i ansvarstagande, öppenhet, samstämmighet och oberoende enligt van Harten. Sättet att lösa investeringstvister genom skiljedom är olikt något annat system inom internationell rätt mycket på grund av att systemet ger privata aktörer mycket makt. Van Harten hävdar vidare att det finns en partiskhet till förmån för investerarna. Detta på grund av skiljemännens brist på ämbetsinnehav, vilket gör dem beroende av framtida fall. Då det enbart är investeraren som kan stämma värdlandet dömer skiljedomare till fördel för investeraren för att säkra framtida uppdrag. Han säger också att systemet kan innebära påfrestningar på ekonomin i värdländerna på grund av systemets höga skadestånd och starka verkställbarhet. Systemet möjliggör även för forum shopping enligt van Harten. Det finns många författare och jurister som är positiva till systemet som hävdar att van Harten saknar bevis för vad han påstår. De menar att det fungerar bra, åtminstone om man jämför med det tidigare systemet med diplomatiskt skydd. Vid användning av diplomatiskt skydd är investerarna beroende av hemlandet för att väcka talan mot ett värdland om detta begår brott mot det bilaterala investeringsavtalet. Partiskheten till förmån för investerare som van Harten påstår visas inte genom existerande skiljedomar enligt hans kritiker. För att kunna utvärdera vems argument som är korrekt har en fallstudie av det land med flest skiljedomar emot sig, Argentina, genomförts. Studien visar att van Harten har rätt i mycket av sin kritik, det han påstår är dock överdrivet. Systemet med skiljedomar inom investeringsrätten är fortfarande ungt och utvecklas ständigt. Det har många brister, men är bättre än de förra. Systemet fungerar för bra för att ersättas med ett nytt, ett byte skulle riskera en minskning av utländska investeringar då skyddet skulle vara osäkert.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Psychiatric knowledge and attitudes in Nottingham medical students

Psychological and psychiatric issues represent a significant proportion of the workload of all doctors. Nonetheless junior doctors often have an unsatisfactory knowledge of psychiatry. Previous studies have examined how hospital doctors say they manage psychological problems (Mayou &amp; Smith, 1986), and attitudinal factors among medical students (Wilkinson et al , 1983).

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Cross-sectional survey on hantavirus seroprevalence in Canton St. Gallen, Switzerland

As hantavirus infections among different populations are rare, and no evidence for hantaviral nephropathy could be found, serological investigation of suspected endemic hantavirus infection in eastern Switzerland should be confined to patients with acute nephropathy and/or a history of recent rodent encounter.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Foreign Ownership of Firms and Corruption in Africa

The study finds the impact of the percentage of total annual sales of a firm paid as informal payments to public officials (bribes) on foreign ownership of firms in Africa while controlling for other variables outside the country of origin of investment. The study used secondary data from the World Business Environment Survey (WBES) conducted by the World Bank. In all 3,290 firms made up of the manufacturing, services and retail sectors are included in the analysis. The Tobit and probit estimation techniques were used. The results indicate that the percentage of total annual sales of the firm paid as informal payments to the public officials has a negative and highly significant impact on foreign ownership of firms in Africa. African leaders should therefore institute policies to control corruption in order to boost foreign investors’ confidence in their economies.

Topic: Economic Growth and Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Possible use of Spirulina and Klamath algae as biostimulants in Portulaca grandiflora (Moss Rose)

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the use and influence of Spirulina and Klamath algae on the growth, flowering, germination and mineral absorption of <em>Portulaca grandiflora</em> plants. The 3 experimental groups in cultivation were: (1) group without algae (CTRL), irrigated with water and previously fertilized substrate; (2) spirulina group (SPR) and fertilized substrate; (3) Klamath group (KLT) and fertilized substrate. The test showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed in plants treated with Spirulina and Klamath algae. In fact, all plants treated with (SPR and KLT) showed a significant increase in plant height and number of stems, number and diameter of flowers, vegetative and roots weight, number of leaves and flowering time. The test showed that the use of Spirulina and Klamath in the culture medium can significantly influence the germination of the <em>Portulaca grandiflora</em> and resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll content and improved absorption of NPK. These results could be of interest to growers who want to improve the quality of their ornamental crops by using products that are easy to manage and not harmful to the environment.

Topic: Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences