jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is the Aviation Sector Ready for Another Supersonic Age? [Aviation - supersonic]

A purchase agreement between United Airlines and Denver aerospace company Boom Supersonic aims to make intercontinental travel both faster and more sustainable by the end of this decade. Nearly two decades since Concorde retired, the world is edging closer to again having passenger jets that can fly faster than the speed of sound. But beyond safety issues, Concorde was expensive and environmentally damaging - a new aircraft needs to overcome these major obstacles. Aviation start-up companies like Boom Supersonic are pursuing, for the moment, what they believe to be a lucrative market in supersonic business jets (Boom's first planned commercial airliner, the `Overture', which will seat between 65 and 88 passengers, cruises at around 60,000ft, flies at Mach 1.7 with a range of around 5,000 miles, and is already on order from US carrier United Airlines). And while the coronavirus pandemic has helped sink at least one other big start-up (Aerion Supersonic and its diminutive private jet, the AS2), Virgin Galactic announced in late 2020 that it too would be turning its engineering talent at least partially away from spacecraft and towards its own supersonic transport (SST) that will fly at Mach 3 - or one-and-a-half times as fast as Concorde.

Topic: Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
1222 Follow-up status of HIV exposed infants in the UK 2012–2019

<h3>Background</h3> The current vertical HIV transmission (VT) rate is &lt;0.3% among diagnosed women living with HIV (WLHIV) in the UK; this rate excludes a few children whose status remains unknown for various reasons. British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines state that all HIV-exposed infants should be tested at age ≤48 hours, 6 and 12 weeks with antibody testing for seroreversion at age 18–24months ('18–24Ab'). Even if earlier PCR tests are negative, the 18–24Ab remains important as postnatal transmission may occur. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe current paediatric management and the follow-up status of HIV-exposed infants in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> The Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service (ISOSS) conducts UK population-level surveillance of all pregnancies in WLWH, their children, plus any children diagnosed &lt;16years. All HIV-exposed children are followed-up until 18–24 months to determine infection status. Reports are triangulated with laboratory reports from PHE. We report the follow-up status of 6547 HIV-exposed children born 2012–2018, reported by December 2019. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 4860 (74%) children were confirmed uninfected based on a negative 18–24Ab; 861 (13%) are indeterminate and in follow-up; 27 (0.4%) were confirmed infected. 370 (5.7%) infants were lost-to-follow-up before 18–24Ab established (59/370 gone abroad); 26 (0.4%) died before infection status established; in 5 cases follow-up testing was declined; 14 had follow-up testing carried out in primary care (not covered by ISOSS reporting). 313/6547 (5%) infants were discharged based on negative antibody at &lt;18mths, including 24 with negative antibody at &lt;12mths (min: 3mths). 71 infants were discharged based on negative PCRs only; 11 discharged at &lt;12mths and 40 at &lt;18mths. Of the 370 infants lost-to-follow-up with unknown infection status, 67 (18%) had only a birth PCR test (16 gone abroad). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite well-established guidelines and pathways for follow-up of HIV-exposed infants in the UK, there remains some variation in practice and deviation from BHIVA guidelines, with 6% of infants being discharged without 18–24Ab testing. Some of the VTs reported to ISOSS have been identified through 18–24Ab testing with negative PCRs after birth. Vigilance is required regarding potential postnatal transmission, especially in the era of supported breastfeeding and the impact of COVID-19. ISOSS are uniquely placed to monitor outcomes and practice across units and regions, and will continue to provide robust data to support and promote guidelines.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Developing Ambidextrous Routines in the IT Service Provider Industry

This study explores ambidextrous practices and distinctive leadership styles in interorganizational settings of two German medium sized IT service providers. We draw on the theory of routines-as-practices and on the organizational ambidexterity literature to analyze organizational practices aiming at both potential for change (exploration) and stability (exploitation). We identify two distinct modes of contextual ambidexterity, whereby one capability is used to improve the other, i.e. ‘exploration for exploitation’, an orientation towards continually improving the quality of the service delivery, and ‘exploration through exploitation’, an approach of project-driven learning. We highlight and classify a multi-layered repertoire of ambidextrous routines across the three levels of analysis: leadership, project team, and client relations. Our findings illustrate elaborate management repertoires of interventions with respect to culture, structures, policies or practices, which are aligned with the ecosystem within which both companies are operating.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Review on Conversion of Existing Building into Green Building

Green building construction has resulted in a slew of inventive solutions to lower energy usage. The requirement to develop a unified dimensional model for resource-saving, and environmentally friendly is a problem for assessments of green renovation (GR) of existing structures. India has three mechanisms viz. LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) GRIHA (The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) are in place to help its fast-rising urban population to achieve ecologically sustainable growth. An attempt has been made here to review the conversion of existing structures into green buildings to save natural resources. It will be beneficial for the people who renovate their buildings or want to change to the green building concept. Green building implementation has become a need to optimize the scarce resources and to eliminate the negative impact of early cost surcharges on the green building idea should be eliminated. This review paper aims to find the solutions for existing buildings to convert them into green buildings and how life cycle cost analysis is important for the building. Keywords: green building, green building rating system, LEED, GRIHA, IGBC, Life cycle Cost

Topic: Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evil, Liberalism and the Imperial Designs of the Catholic Church, 1867–1905

There is undoubtedly a paradox in relating imperialism, liberalism and the Catholic Church during a period when anticlerical campaigns were most virulently shaking the French polity. Yet French colonial drives towards the constitution of a new African empire were the product of paradoxical forces. The lobbies and interest groups that shaped the colonial agenda prior to 1900 combined the most unlikely alliances, and their history reveals that the cause of empire opened up a complex space within which dialogues unimaginable elsewhere could take place.1 From the 1860s, much of the intellectual leadership and sense of greater purpose was articulated by notable liberals such as Lucien Prévost-Paradol and Paul Leroy-Beaulieu.2 The conversion of significant French liberals to a revitalised colonial empire can be dated quite precisely to the years immediately preceding 1870 and the growing awareness of the geopolitical threat posed by Prussia in mainland Europe. With the role of France diminished by the catastrophic defeat of 1870, liberals and republican 'opportunists' turned to empire for salvation. Yet this was not simply an evolution of earlier thinking. For some at least, the depth of French moral and political crisis meant that it was a dramatic realisation of the urgency of national renewal.3

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 477 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Cupania impressinervia Acev.-Rodr." ] } The dataset includes 477 records from 35 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005825-200221144449610/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Low Cost Carrier Worldwide

Contents: Preface Part I Introduction: Low-cost carrier - a worldwide phenomenon?!, Sven Gross, Michael Luck and Alexander Schroder. Part II Europe: Low-cost carriers in Western and Central Europe, Roland Conrady Low cost carriers in Eastern Europe, Borislav Bjelicic. Part III The Americas: Low cost carriers in the USA and Canada, Timothy M. Vowles and Michael Luck Low cost carriers in South America, Gui Lohmann and Gustavo Lipovich Low cost carriers in Mexico, Alexander O. Scherer Leibold, Yazmin Aguilar Lopez, Montserrat Flores Zozoaga and Brooke Porter. Part IV Asia and Oceania: Low cost carriers in Asia and the Pacific, Semisi Taumoepeau Low cost carriers in India, Tarun Shukla Low cost carriers in Australia and New Zealand, Michael Luck and Sven Gross. Part V Africa and the Middle East: Low cost carriers in Africa, Uwe P. Hermann and Marius Potgieter Low cost carriers in the Middle East, Andreas Wald. Part VI Conclusion: Conclusions: the future of low cost carriers, Markus Landvogt, Sven Gross and Michael Luck Appendices Index.

Topic: Transport and Economic Policies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
An auction-based mechanism to promote cooperation in resource exchange networks

In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze the markets in which resources are exchanged without the use of money. Although individual agents might want unrestricted access to the marketplace, communities to which they belong to may want to impose various restrictions on participation, thus damaging the overall social welfare. We study the dynamics of these markets using agent-based modeling and propose a credit mechanism to promote cooperation among communities. This credit mechanism can be used by the marketplace to match individual agents and is based on iterative Vickery auctions. We present the results of several experiments to simulate different settings of resource exchange markets and validate the performance of the mechanism.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Barkhausen noise in soft amorphous magnetic materials under applied stress

We report experimental measurements of Barkhausen noise on a Fe64Co21B15 amorphous alloy under tensile stress. We interpret the scaling behavior of the noise distributions in terms of the depinning transition of the domain walls. We show that stress induced anisotropy enhances the effect of short-range elastic interactions that dominate over long-range dipolar interactions. The universality class is thus different from the one usually observed in Barkhausen noise measurements and is characterized by the exponents τ≃1.3 and α≃1.5, for the decay of the distributions of jump sizes and durations.

Topic: Theoretical and Computational Physics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation antibiotic resistance and presence of blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-23 genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains via multiplex PCR.

The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to most antibiotics is increasing. The presence of metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes has led to the resistance of these bacteria to carbapenems as one of the major classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics and has raised concerns in human societies. This research evaluated the presence of bla<sub>OXA-51</sub>, bla<sub>OXA-58</sub> and bla<sub>OXA-23</sub> genes in A. baumannii strains during a 12 months period. One hundred strains were isolated from the patients hospitalized in ICU of Ali Asghar and Shahid Rajaee trauma hospitals in Shiraz. Bacterial identity was determined by biochemical tests and antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method. The isolated strains were then evaluated in terms of carrying bla<sub>OXA-23</sub>, bla<sub>OXA-51</sub> and bla<sub>OXA-58</sub> genes, using the multiplex PCR method. The results showed that A. baumannii was resistant to carbapenems but most strains were susceptible to tigecyclin and colistin. The majority of strains carried the bla<sub>OXA-23</sub> and bla<sub>OXA-51</sub> genes, but very few carried the bla <sub>OXA-58</sub> gene. The results revealed that the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii is increasing, which causes a more outbreak of this organism.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phylogeny and Evolution of Medical Species of <i>Candida</i> and Related Taxa: a Multigenic Analysis

ABSTRACT Hemiascomycetes are species of yeasts within the order Saccharomycetales. The order encompasses disparate genera with a variety of life styles, including opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans ), plant pathogens (e.g., Eremothecium gossypii ), and cosmopolitan yeasts associated with water and decaying vegetation. To analyze the phylogeny of medically important species of yeasts, we selected 38 human pathogenic and related strains in the order Saccharomycetales. The DNA sequences of six nuclear genes were analyzed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data for all six genes resolved three major lineages with significant support according to Bayesian posterior probability. One clade was mostly comprised of pathogenic species of Candida . Another major group contained members of the family Metschnikowiaceae as a monophyletic group, three species of Debaryomyces , and strains of Candida guilliermondii . The third clade consisted exclusively of species of the family Saccharomycetaceae. Analysis of the evolution of key characters indicated that both codon reassignment and coenzyme Q 9 likely had single origins with multiple losses. Tests of correlated character evolution revealed that these two traits evolved independently.

Topic: Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Jeans Instability of Optically Thick Quantum Plasma under the Influence of Black-Body Radiation

Abstract- The Jeans instability of infinite homogeneous, self-gravitating quantum plasma is investigated under the assumption of optically thick medium and black body radiation. The general dispersion relation is obtained and the condition of instability is discussed.

Topic: Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Current Role of Memokath 051 Thermo-Expandable Metal Stent in Management of Benign and Malignant Ureteric Strictures

Stent technology has progressed dramatically over the past 100 years. JJ stents are essential tools for any urologist. They do have however have their own limitations with complications including stone formation, infection,reflux, stent pain, migration and importantly encrustation, which therefore requires stent changes every 3-6 months.Metal stents have been used to try to minimise these complications with mixed results.
In this paper we look specifically at the Memokath 051 thermo-expandable stent and the available evidence for its use in the treatment of benign and malignant ureteric strictures.
The Memokath 051 thermo-expandable stent is better tolerated than the conventional JJ stents and provides a statistically significant improvement in the patients’ quality of life as well as low rates of bladder irritation, stent encrustation, reflux and flank pain. It also requires less frequent changes than conventional JJ stents which significantly reduces the episodes of hospital admissions and subsequently their possible associated morbidities, this also makes
it a cost effective treatment option.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SPUTUM CULTURE AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a growing pulmonary disorder comprised of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This condition is characterized by breathlessness, decrease immunity, and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTI). The objective of this study was identification of predominant bacterial pathogens in respiratory tract, responsible for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using highly sensitive real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and conventional methods. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, 120 diagnosed regular follow-ups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with informed and written consent aged between 40–55 years from both sexes were included in the study. All samples were analyzed through sputum culturing and PCR assays. Results: Sixty stable state samples and 60 aggravated condition samples were collected from subjects on treatment for the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Stable state samples were negative for Chlamydophila pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. However, samples showed the presence of Moraxella, Streptococcus, Nocardia, Lactobacilli, and Legionella. In aggravated state samples Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pneumonia, E. coli, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Nocardia were observed. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that there is a unique relationship between bacterial pathogens and the recurrence of the severity of symptoms in COPD. To understand the diversity of atypical and typical microbiota it is important to utilize sensitive advanced techniques for routine investigations of the COPD population. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(1):39–43

Topic: Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 151698: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrokinetic Transport of Chlorinated Organic Pesticides

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Pesticides Surfactant-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides Cosolvent-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides Summary References

Topic: Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bell inequalities and operator algebras

Quantum Bell-type inequalities are defined in terms of two (or more) subsys-tems of a quantum system. The subsystems may be treated either via (local) Hilbert spaces, — tensor factors of the given (global) Hilbert space, or via commuting (local) operator algebras. The latter approach is less restrictive, it just requires that the given operators commute whenever they belong to different subsystems. Are these two approaches equivalent? Background Quantum Bell-type inequalities are discussed in Problem 26 “Bell inequalities holding for all quantum states ” and Partial Solutions to Problem 1 “All the Bell inequalities ” (and many other texts, including my own [1]) without a clear indication of the approach used. Some relevant formal definitions (for two subsystems) may be found in [1], Sect. 2 (and Sect. 1). Formulas (2.1–2.3) of [1] formalize the less restrictive approach (via commuting operators), while formulas (2.4–2.6) formalize a

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Morphological characteristics of the lyotropic and gel phases in the cellulose/NH3/NH4SCN system

Solutions of cellulose in the ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate (24.5/75.5 w/w) solvent form several stable phases. Of particular interest in this work are the temperature-dependent liquid crystalline and gel phases which are stable at cellulose concentrations above 6% w/v. While the temperature-composition conditions yielding these phases are reasonably well established, very little is currently known about the morphological characteristics of lyotropic and gelled cellulose. Polarized light microscopy is employed here to demonstrate that solutions at temperatures above the gel melting point are birefringent, composed of liquid crystals. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy has been used to (i) examine the three-dimensional network in cellulose gels, and (ii) correlate network morphology with cellulose molecular weight and solution concentration. Results obtained from two complementary sample preparation techniques (i.e., critical point drying and freeze drying) are compared to identify and minimize artifacts, and reveal that gel formation occurs as the solutions phase-separate into polymer-rich anisotropic and solvent-rich isotropic phases. The polymer-rich phase is highly interconnected and forms a fibrillar network, with fibrils measuring 20–70 nm in diameter. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Topic: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
UAE6 - Wind Tunnel Tests Data - UAE6 - Sequence 5 - Raw Data

Sequence 5: Sweep Wind Speed (F,P) This test sequence used an upwind, rigid turbine with a 0° cone angle. The wind speed was ramped from 5 m/s to 25 m/s by the wind tunnel operator. This was repeated with a decreasing ramp. The yaw angle was maintained at 0°. The blade tip pitch was 3° or 6°. The rotor rotated at 72 RPM. Blade pressure and probe measurements were collected for both pitch angles. The five-hole probes were removed and the plugs were installed for another 3° pitch case. Plastic tape 0.03 mm thick was used to smooth the interface between the plugs and the blade. The teeter dampers were replaced with rigid links, and these two channels were flagged as not applicable by setting the measured values in the data file to –99999.99 Nm. The teeter link load cell was pre-tensioned to 40,000 N. During post-processing, the probe channels were set to read -99999.99. The 6- minute campaigns were named using the sequence designation 5, followed by DN or UP, which indicates the wind speed ramp direction. The next four digits are 0000, and the sequence digit is at the end.

Topic: Wind and Air Flow Studies
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences