jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shoreline Change Atlas, Volume-5 (Odisha, West Bengal) 2021

The Coastal Zone represents a complex environmental entity, which is in constant interaction with the marine and terrestrial processes.The coastal zone has been receiving increased attention due to the immense anthropogenic pressure and inevitable development activities related to kade and transporl The coast is bestowed with rich bio-diversity and fragile ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs that are highly sensitive to any climatic and environmental changes.The coastal region, due to the influence of natural and anthropogenic forces and the sporadic events like cyclones undergo severe erosions leading to loss of human livelihood and crucial biodiversaty besides critically damaging the coastal constructions and aesthetic quality that attracts huge economic benefits.Quantifying coastal change is essential for calculating trends in erosion, evaluating processes that shape coastal landscapes and predicting the response of coast to future storms and sea]evel rise.The dynamic natures oI the coast prompt for frequent monitoring and comprehending the coaslal erosion activities.Space technology has been effectively deployed in identification and measurement of such activities Space Applications Centre (SAC) in collaboration with a large number of scaentific organization & universities of the country has carried oul various scientiflc investigation/inventory of the entire coastal zone of lndia using satellite data like impact of sea level rise on lhe lndian coastal environment, development of Coastal Zone lnformation System (CZIS), mapprng and monrloring of coral reefs and mangroves, inventory of the @astal land use etc.One such signiflcant work was preparation of Shoreline Change Atlas of lndia for the time frame 1989,91 and 2004-06The present Shoreline Change Atlas is an outcome of the shoreline change mapped for the entire lndian coast between the time frames of 2004,06 and 2014-

Topic: Maritime Navigation and Safety
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diagrammatic representation of the three pMS “quick series” vectors.

&lt;p&gt;Cloning region of all the three vectors as achieved after SDM has been shown. These vectors have DNA insertion site (SmaI site) downstream to ribosome binding site (RBS). The C-ter and N-ter histidine tags are underlined in case of pMS-QS-CHS and pMS-QS-NHS respectively. The dotted line in pMS-QS-NHS represents the thrombin cleavage site originally present in pET15b vector.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient Pot Culture of Heteropanax fragrans

Efficient pot culture of Heteropanax fragrans is introduced in the aspects of raising of seedlings,cultivation and shading for green plants,diseases and pests control,etc.The key technique is to cultivate plants with beautiful shapes in field before potting.The potted plants with beautiful shapes can be rapidly raised,which saves fertilizer,labor,time,and increases commodity rate.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dream Analysis and Literary Interpretation

Over the time, the human relationships and personalities are threatened by various anxieties, multiple manifestations of phobias, grievances, sense of loss or detachment, sense of nostalgia and belongings, struggles to get oneself free, fears of persecution, the fragmentation of self and the unfulfilled desires which have vividly served in a greater degree to the development of 'Psychoanalytic Theory' as an innovative technique of criticism in interpreting the literary texts.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pressure dependence of intramolecular and intermolecular mode frequencies in solid oxygen determined by Raman studies

Solid molecular oxygen was investigated in a diamond anvil cell by Raman spectroscopy in the region of 6--300 K with pressures up to 14 GPa. Characteristic spectral features in the different crystalline phases of oxygen allow conclusions to be drawn about the p-T phase diagram. The splitting of the vibrational Raman line in \ensuremath{\gamma}-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is explained by a vibration-vibration resonant transfer between molecules on different sites in the lattice. In addition, the effect of pressure on intermolecular and intramolecular forces, which causes a pressure dependence of mode-Gr\"uneisen parameters, is investigated. Finally, anharmonic contributions to the potential are calculated from independent measurements of (\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\nu}/\ensuremath{\partial}p${)}_{T}$ and (d\ensuremath{\nu}/dT${)}_{p}$, allowing the separation of the anharmonicities into pure volume and multiphonon contributions.

Topic: High-pressure geophysics and materials
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Remedial cases in arithmetic

This article is intended to serve as a preface to a series of reports of four case studies in arithmetic. In these papers, which are to follow in successive issues of the PEABODY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, detailed accounts will be given of the methods of diagnosis and of remedial instruction which were employed with four children in the Peabody Demonstration School who were represented by their teachers as having difficulty in arithmetic. That is to say, these children were normal, and some of them distinctly above normal, in general intelligence and in all phases of their school work except the one of arithmetic, in which they seemed to have some special disability. The publication of this series of reports will, it is hoped, accomplish two purposes. The first of these purposes is the immediate, practical one of providing teachers with certain specific instructional techniques which they may find of value in dealing with problem cases in arithmetic. The second purpose is less direct and perhaps somewhat more theoretical. It is to supply evidence with regard to the nature of the learning process in arithmetic, with the end in view of making possible better initial instruction in this subject, and hence of making unnecessary remedial instruction. The fact that remedial instruction is needed at all in any school is an admission that initial instruction has been inadequate. This prefatory paper is devoted to an explanation of the general plan of procedure which was followed by the authors of the reports in making their case studies; to the exposition of the point of view which dictated the general scheme of remedial instruction; and to a brief statement of the measurable results of the work with the individual children. GENERAL PROCEDURE

Topic: Education, Psychology, and Social Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cyclops, Hedgehogs, and Foxes

This chapter discusses the world in which the Oxford philosophers functioned back in the 1950s and 1960s, and then gives a general account of two contrasting approaches to legal scholarship. Remarks on the world of the Oxford philosophers are related to Homer's story of Polyphemus the Cyclops, in which, unusually, women play no part. The hedgehog and the fox are used in a slightly different way to contrast two approaches to the study of law and legal institutions. One, which generates both theories of legal development and philosophical theories of law, sees simplicity concealed beneath apparent complexity, whether it takes the form of a pattern of development, or a single structure such as that offered by Hart. The other, very commonly adopted by historians of the law, rejects this approach, and seeks understanding of law and legal institutions through empirical scholarship which emphasizes complexity, and the profound difficulty in generalization or simplification in the face of the evidence.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;b&gt;Role of Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4-dependent macrophage extracellular traps formation on Type 1 Diabetes pathogenesis&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;Excessive macrophage extracellular traps (METs) formation has been implicated in several autoimmune disease pathogenesis; however, its impact on Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and related &lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;mechanisms &lt;/a&gt;remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrated the pivotal role of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in driving profuse METs formation and macrophage M1 polarization in intestinal inflammation of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. &lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;Genetic knockout of PAD4 or adoptive transfer of METs alters the proportion of pro-inflammatory T cells in the intestine, subsequently influencing their migration to the pancreas. Combining RNA sequencing and CUT&amp;Tag analysis we found &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;activated PAD4 transcriptionally regulated CXCL10 expression&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;This study comprehensively investigated how excessive PAD4-mediated METs formation in the colon increases the aggravation of &lt;/a&gt;intestinal inflammation and pro-inflammatory T cells migration, and finally involves T1D progression, suggesting that inhibition METs formation may be a potential therapeutic target for T1D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;Keywords: &lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;Type 1 Diabetes, Macrophage extracellular traps, Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, CXCL10/CXCR3, Autoimmunity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Article Highlights&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;l The role of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) formation in the pathology of type 1 diabetes remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;l We aim to investigate the impact of METs formation on intestinal inflammation and its subsequent effect on the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;l Activated PAD4 facilitates METs formation and transcriptionally regulates CXCL10 expression,&lt;/a&gt; leading to accelerated type 1 diabetes through the activation and migration of pro-inflammatory T cells via the gut-pancreas axis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;l Findings suggest that targeting PAD4-mediated METs formation could emerge as a potential therapeutic strategy.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of Vitamin D in the Management of COVID-19 Patients Regarding Morbidity and Mortality

Aim: To determine the role of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19 patients regarding morbidity and mortality. Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: Departments of Medicine &amp; Pulmonology, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot and Department of Medicine, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2020. Methodology: One hundred and sixty patients of both genders diagnosed to have COVID-19, were enrolled. Patient’s ages were ranging from 17 to 70 years. The detailed demographics such as age, sex, and body mass index were recorded. 5 ml blood samples were taken from all the patients to check their vitamin D levels. Severe Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D &lt;25 nmol/L (10 ng/dl). Association between mortality and morbidity was examined. Results: Ninety (56.25%) were males while 70 (43.75%) were females with mean age 40.15±17.37 years. Mean body mass index of patients was 24.16±7.26 kg/m2. Severe vitamin D deficiency was observed in 80 (50%) patients. Mortality found in 30 (18.75%) patients. Frequency of morbidity was among 66 (41.25%) patients. Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had high rate of mortality 20 (25%) and morbidity 50 (62.5%) as compared to patients with no vitamin D deficiency had 10 (8%) mortality and 16 (20%) morbidity. A significant association was observed between severe vitamin D deficiency regarding morbidity and mortality among patients with covid-19 disease with p-value &lt;0.05. Conclusion: The vitamin-D has strongest relationship among patients with covid-19 disease to reduce mortality and morbidity. Keywords: Morbidity, COVID-19, Vitamin D, Mortality

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physiological Condition and Breeding Performance of the Great TIT

The energy expenditure associated with breeding may have detrimental effects on the breeder's physiology. Some studies have focused on the relationship between breeding performance and health status, but information on the link with biochemical variables reflecting susceptibility to oxidative stress is scarce. Over two years (2005 and 2006), using several morphological, biochemical and hematological variables, we measured the association between several measures of breeding (laying date, clutch size, mean egg weight, brood size, number of fledglings, and mean weight before fledging) and health in the Great Tit (Parus major). The effect of raising a second brood on the breeders' physiological condition was also studied. Females' body-condition index tended to be positively correlated with breeding performance, whereas in males the correlation was negative. Females laying later had lower hematocrits and higher glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), and those raising larger broods had also higher GSH-Px activity and tended to have lower plasma protein. The effect of raising a second brood was reflected mostly in body reserves but varied by sex. Our study suggests that trade-offs between breeding activity and physiological condition of the sexes differ and that hematocrit and GSH-Px are sensitive indicators of the physiological condition of breeding females.

Topic: Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Why: the Arts in education and society

Teaching the Arts: Early Childhood and Primary Education offers a comprehensive and exciting introduction to Arts education in Australia and New Zealand. In this second edition, each chapter encourages readers to engage with the Arts and provides students with opportunities to develop their understanding and practical skills through reflective questions, examples and activities. Updated content includes:significant extensions to each chapter, reflecting the five art forms of dance, drama, media, music and visual art additional practical activitiesalignment with current research and theoryextended online resources, including PowerPoint slides for lecturers.Teaching the Arts, Second Edition draws important links to the finalised Australian Curriculum: The Arts, the New Zealand Curriculum, the Early Years Learning Framework and Te Whāriki, and includes substantial references to Indigenous histories and cultures, relationships with Asia and sustainability. Generously illustrated and supported by excellent online resources, Teaching the Arts, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for pre-service teachers.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Global trends in obesity and gut flora from 2012 to 2022 based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer (Preprint)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Obesity is a metabolic disease and an independent risk factor for several diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Gut flora has been found to be a hot topic of interest in recent years in obese populations and animal studies. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The purpose of this review is to understand the global research trends and major research hotspots on obesity and gut flora from 2012-2022. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We searched the CNKI and WOS for articles on obesity and gut flora-related research from 2012-2022. The literature was analyzed for annual postings, authors, institutions, countries, and keyword visualization using CiteSpace 6.1.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.18. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> 841 articles in Chinese and 3459 articles in English that met the requirements were finally included. It was found that the number of published Chinese and English literature showed an overall increasing trend from 2012 to 2022, and the number of published articles increased significantly after 2016. In the Web of Science core collection database, the year 2022 was the most published year, accounting for 19.75% of the total number of articles in English. The Web of Science Core Collection database shows that a total of 97 countries, 3997 institutions and 19880 authors are involved in this field of research. The largest number of publications in the United States is 753; the institution with the largest number of publications is Harvard Med Sch with 110 publications; the author with the largest number of publications is Cani patrice d with 58 articles. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> From 2012-2022, an increasing number of researchers have analyzed and explored the relationship between obesity and intestinal flora. The Harvard Med Sch and Inserm institutions in the United States are the leading institutions in the field of research related to obesity and intestinal flora, and the main hot spots of Chinese and foreign research are probiotics, acupuncture to regulate intestinal flora, tight junction proteins, and tea drinks. Intestinal flora is a key research direction for improving and treating obesity, and will remain a research hotspot in the future. </sec>

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: Findings of the randomised United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of social behaviour and network therapy, a new treatment for alcohol problems, with that of the proved motivational enhancement therapy. &#13;\n&#13;\nDesign: Pragmatic randomised trial. &#13;\n&#13;\nSetting: Seven treatment sites around Birmingham, Cardiff, and Leeds. &#13;\n&#13;\nParticipants: 742 clients with alcohol problems; 689 (93.0%) were interviewed at three months and 617 (83.2%) at 12 months. &#13;\n&#13;\nInterventions: Social behaviour and network therapy and motivational enhancement therapy. &#13;\n&#13;\nMain outcome measures: Changes in alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and alcohol related problems over 12 months. &#13;\n&#13;\nResults: Both groups reported substantial reductions in alcohol consumption, dependence, and problems, and better mental health related quality of life over 12 months. Between groups we found only one significant difference in outcome, probably due to chance: the social network group showed significantly better physical health at three months. Non-significant differences at 12 months in the motivational group relative to the social network group included: the number of drinks consumed per drinking day had decreased by an extra 1.1 (95% confidence interval -1.0 to 3.2); scores on the Leeds dependence questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.6 (-0.7 to 2.0); scores on the alcohol problems questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.5 (-0.4 to 1.4); but the number of days abstinent from drinking had increased by 1.2% less (-4.5% to 6.9%). &#13;\n&#13;\nConclusion: The novel social behaviour and network therapy for alcohol problems did not differ significantly in effectiveness from the proved motivational enhancement therapy. &#13;\n&#13;\n

Topic: Digital Mental Health Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Block designs for variety trials

Summary In this paper we present a series of resolvable incomplete block designs suitable for variety trials with any number of varieties v in the range 20 ≤ v ≤ 100. These designs usefully supplement existing square and rectangular lattices. They are not necessarily optimal in the sense of having smallest possible variances but their efficiencies are known to be high.

Topic: Optimal Experimental Design Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
POTENSI PERMASALAHAN PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIK (PTSL)

Abstrak: This paper aims to examine the potential problems of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as the government's priority agenda to establish land registration throughout Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research approach by analyzing the legislation related to land registration, especially PP. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration and Ministerial Regulation ATR/Ka. BPN No. 12 of 2017 as amended by Ministerial Regulation No. 6 of 2018. The potential of this problem relates to the issue of tax and income tax payable, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, issues absentee land, maximumexcess of land ownership, abandoned land, announcement of physical and juridical data, and problems of application of the principles of contradictoire delimitation. The potential of this problem is described and is given alternative solutions on the implementation of PTSL. Alternative solution is by strengthening the regulation of PTSL in the form of Government Parliament (PP), either by revising PP. 24 of 1997 and by forming a separate PP on PTSL by clarifying the outlined problems . Intisari: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi permasalahan pendaftaran sistematik lengkap (PTSL) sebagai agenda prioritas pemerintah untuk menyelengarakan pendaftaran tanah seluruh Indonesia. Kajian ini mengunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif dengan cara menganalisis peraturan perundangundangan yang berkaitan dengan pendaftaran tanah, khususnya PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah dan Peraturan Menteri ATR/Ka. BPN No. 12 Tahun 2017 sebagaimana diubah dengan Permen No. 6 Tahun 2018. Potensi permasalahan ini berkaitan dengan masalah biaya Pajak PPh dan BPHTB terhutang, sumberdaya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, permasalahan tanah absentee, kelebihan maksimum dan tanah terlantar, masalah pengumuman data fsik dan data yuridis, serta masalah penerapan asas kontradiktur delimitasi. Potensi masalah ini di diskripsikan dan diberikan aternatif solusi dalam pelaksanaan percepatan PTSL. Aternatif solusinya adalah dengan cara memperkuat regulasi PTSL dalam bentuk Paraturan Pemerintah (PP) baik dengan cara merevisi PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 maupun dengan membentuk PP tersendiri mengenai PTSL yang pada pokoknya pengaturan isi-nya salah satunya memperjelas permasalahan-permasalahan yang diuraikan diatas.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences