jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Ontogeny of Antipredator Behaviour in Paradise Fish Larvae <i>(Macropodus opercularis)</i>: The Recognition of Eyespots

Abstract The ontogeny of antipredator behaviour of paradise fish was examined using a simple testing method. The results showed that the ability to recognize eyespots appears in larvae between 15 and 20 days old. At the same time, two horizontally placed eyespots produced the most pronounced effect on the behaviour of the larvae. Testing different inbred strains revealed that the ontogeny of antipredator behaviour is also under broad genetic control, as the response to a model predator was strong in one strain but weak in another. The results suggest that the recognition of eyespots coincides with larvae becoming more conspicuous to predators by the appearance of pigmentation and increasing level of swimming activity (exploration).

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An improved digestion and analysis procedure for silicon in plant tissue v1

Silicon (Si) in plant tissues reduces abiotic and biotic stress, but it is incorporated as silica (SiO2), which is difficult to solubilize for analysis. We modified an oven-induced tissue-digestion method to improve Si solubilization and validated the accuracy by quantifying the mass-balance recovery of Si from hydroponic solution and in plant tissues. Leaf, stem, and root tissues were dried, finely-ground, and digested in 12.5 molar sodium hydroxide at 95 °C. The solutions were then acidified with hydrochloric acid to achieve a pH of 2 for measurement of Si using the molybdate blue colorimetric method. Interference of phosphorus (P) in the analysis was minimized by increasing the addition of oxalic acid from 0.6 to 1.1 molar. We recovered 101 ± 13% of the Si in leaf, stem, and root tissues across 15 digestions. This Si recovery was fourteen-fold higher than the standard acid-extraction method and similar to a USDA-ARS alkaline-extraction method. Our procedure offers a low-cost, accurate method for extraction and analysis of Si in plant tissues.

Topic: Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a Low Cost and Productive Nutrient Formulation for Simplified Hydroponics Using Commercial Grade Chemicals

In order to expand the productivity of agriculture in urban areas, low cost, simple technologies such as simplified hydroponics should be popularized. The major limitations in popularizing simplified hydroponics in Sri Lanka are the high cost of available nutrient packs and their drawbacks. The most popular and available nutrient pack Albert's Solution is fairly expensive; the content is not completely soluble and does not carry adequate preparation instructions. This study was carried out to develop a low cost, completely soluble new nutrient formulation with a buffer system (to maintain the pH in the nutrient solution at 5.8 - 6.5) and to evaluate its suitability for simplified hydroponic system with low cost growing media such as rice hull and river sand.

Topic: Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultra-low energy bi-state microactuator with wireless power and control capability

This paper presents a microactuator suitable for driving microfluidic valves for biomedical applications, which features zero-energy consumption between actuations with bistate latching. Wireless power transfer based on inductive magnetic field coupling and wireless control over a communication link across the same channel are proposed for the actuator. The actuation is based on electropermanent magnets which combine hard and semi-hard magnets to form an electrically triggered bi-stable latching. A practical actuator is designed and built, which demonstrated that only a short current pulse with a magnitude of 1.7A and width of 120μs is needed to toggle the actuator states. This leads to an energy consumption of 2.5mJ per actuation, and there is no need for power to maintain the states. In addition, a supercapacitor energy buffering circuit is developed to meet the peak current requirement for actuation using a low power rating inductive power supply. The final system is proven to be energy efficient, flexible, and safe for microfluidic applications.

Topic: Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy

The purpose of this concise and tightly written book is to show "how the style of pictures is a proper material of social history."Mr. Baxandall's argument is this.Believing that the symbolic structures used by a society at any given moment are reflected in all the modes of expression that appear in that society, Mr. Baxandall is concerned to show how our understanding of painting-which in the Renaissance was an obviously import- ant expressive language-can be enriched by reference to material derived from other areas of activity.And it is a highly rewarding investigation.He begins with an account of the forms of patronage recorded in the fifteenth century, these being, in his words, the customer's participation in the creation of the work of art.And he concludes with an interpretation of the critical terms to be found in three some- what different late fifteenth-century texts on art-the Trattato di pittura (1 509) of Francesco Lancilotti, the Cronaca rimata (after 1482) of Giovanni Santi, the father of Raphael, and, most importantly, those parts of the Comento . . .sopra la cojnedia di

Topic: Historical Art and Architecture Studies
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning or Queer Students at Evangelical Christian Colleges as Described in Personal Blogs

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning or queer (LGBTQ) students at evangelical Christian colleges are a population frequently overlooked in the literature on the spiritual lives of college students. The author used qualitative content analysis within a phenomenological tradition to examine blog posts by such students, who face multiple identity challenges and official sanctions on campuses. Findings indicate these students want to be recognized as both LGBTQ and evangelical Christian by their colleges. Included are implications for counseling professionals and college administrators.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Arctic margin gravity highs remain puzzling

Many passive continental margins, particularly in the Arctic (Figures 1 and 2), are festooned by chains of elongate positive gravity anomalies overlying, in part, marginal oceanic crust. To this day, no simple unifying explanation has emerged to account for these highs. Variously modeled by mantle doming, crustal thinning, dense crust, basement rises, postbreakup sediment depocenters, and topographic effects, these anomalies epitomize nonuniqueness in geophysical inversion. It seems unlikely that all the highs share a common origin, but it seems even more unlikely that many disparate processes produce gravity anomalies so similar to each other. Upon consideration of several hypotheses, a phase change explanation seems the most plausible for Arctic margin gravity highs (AMGHs). The better studied highs are spatially correlated with sediment depocenters (Figure 2), which however by themselves account for only a fraction of the gravity anomalies (for example, Figure 3). Thus, a reason has to be found as to why dense or thinned oceanic crust (or dense mantle) is found underneath sediment loads. Essentially, the phase change explanation relies on the added lithostatic pressure under sediment piles to “densify” some of the buried oceanic crust, for example, by conversion to garnet granulite or even eclogite [ Neugebauer and Spohn , 1981 ]. More well‐designed seismic experiments are needed, however, to delineate the velocity (and hence density) structure of the underlying crust to verify the depocentermascon association and test the phase change hypothesis and others discussed below.

Topic: Geological Studies and Exploration
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Lost-Letter Technique: A Scaling Experiment

Journal Article THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE: A SCALING EXPERIMENT Get access D. M. GEORGOFF, D. M. GEORGOFF Associate Professors of Marketing *Florida Atlantic University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. J. HERSKER, B. J. HERSKER Associate Professors of Marketing *Florida Atlantic University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. G. MURDICK R. G. MURDICK Professor of Management *Florida Atlantic University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 36, Issue 1, SPRING 1972, Pages 114–119, https://doi.org/10.1086/267983 Published: 01 January 1972

Topic: Deception detection and forensic psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Balancing basic and applied research outputs: a study of the trade-offs between publishing and patenting

This study examines the relationship between academic publications and patents. First, we use regression models to investigate those factors that act as potential drivers when considering papers and patents individually. Second, we run a cluster analysis in order to test whether universities follow different patterns in the way they align their resources in regard to research objectives. The empirical application considers the Spanish public higher education system for the period 2006–2010. The overarching conclusion is that cross-fertilisation relationships between academic research and its commercialisation are found. There are, however, important differences in how universities are disseminating research results, particularly when we analyse the resources and capabilities universities possess. Results also stress the need to look at contextual and normative factors.

Topic: Innovation Policy and R&D
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Coronary care units.

This letter is a plea to general practitioners to refer their patients seeking abortion first to a gynecologist who may then seek other opinions by direct cross-referal. 2 instances are given from this psychiatrists personal experience where she felt iatrogenic anxiety resulted from the patients being shifted back and forth and a misunderstanding occurred with a colleague in 1 instance.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Basal-Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in US Women and Men

There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male cohort, the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (1988-2006). Age-adjusted BCC incidence rates increased from 519 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,019 cases per 100,000 person years for women and increased from 606 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,488 cases per 100,000 person-years for men during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the following phenotypic risk factors for BCC in both cohorts: family history of melanoma, blond or red hair colors, higher number of extremity moles, higher susceptibility to sunburn as a child/adolescent, and higher lifetime number of severe/blistering sunburns. The multivariate-adjusted risk ratio for the highest quintile of cumulative midrange ultraviolet B flux exposure versus the lowest quintile was 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.70, 3.76) in women and 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.57, 2.29) in men. BCC incidence was generally higher in men than in women, and BCC risk was strongly associated with several phenotypic and exposure factors, including midrange ultraviolet B radiation, in our study populations.

Topic: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scurvy presenting primarily as gingival manifestation in a young child: a diagnostic dilemma

Vitamin C deficiency, historically known as scurvy, was associated with sailors in the Victorian times, however, a global review in 2020 suggests it still exists in certain at-risk groups. A case is presented of a young non-verbal child with learning difficulties and on a restricted diet, in which the primary symptom was gingival inflammation. It posed a diagnostic dilemma due to the non-specific symptoms, and a delay in the diagnosis, until vitamin C deficiency was confirmed. Gingival inflammation is one of the common findings in vitamin C deficiency and dental professionals may be the first point of contact. The importance of dietary evaluation, identifying and looking for other signs and liaising with the medical colleagues are discussed. This case highlights the role of the dentist in identifying latent cases of vitamin C deficiency and to consider this as a differential diagnosis especially in certain at-risk groups.

Topic: Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Small Landholders in Punjab: Debt, Distress and Depeasantisation

Contrary to general perception of aff round prosperity in the agricultural sector of Punjab, small land holders are economically non-viable which has pushed them under economic distress. Using primary and secondary data the poper highlights that the small formers were under heavy debt which pushed them towards suicides. The economic surplus of small farm is too low ta meet their production and consumption requirements. As a result the process of depeasantisation started. In woke of slow employment growth in industriol and service sectors and poor skills af such formers, their economic Viability shall have to be improved through pramotion of rurol non-form activities. Similarly, reduction in cost of production by reducing investments in farm machinery through expansion of cooperative agro-machinery service centres, which are currently running successfully under Primary Cooperative Credit Societies, can help improve economic viability of such holdings.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Vitamin E In Porphyria

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Vitamin E has recently been shown to influence porphyrin metabolism.<sup>1,2</sup>Nair and his co-workers<sup>3</sup>have treated four patients with symptoms of porphyria with vitamin E. They found improvement in the clinical condition of the patients and decrease of urinary porphyrins and porphyrin precursors. This matter has also recently been treated in an EDITORIAL inThe Journal.<sup>4</sup> This led us to study the effect of vitamin E on the porphyrin excretion in five porphyric patients. They were all women, aged 24 to 32 years, and from different families. During the experiment, one had mild symptoms pointing at porphyria. In four patients, the biochemical findings were typical for acute, intermittent porphyria, and in one patient for variegate porphyria. Four patients were given dl-alfa-tocopherol (Evitol forte, Orion Pharmaceutical Co, Finland) 100 to 200 mg/day, and one was given d-alfa-tocopherol (IDO-E, Pharmacia, Sweden) 400 mg/day. During a four-week

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNE CELL SUBSETS IN A MODEL DISEASE FOR ENDOCRINE AUTOIMMUNITY BY MASS AND FLOW CYTOMETRY

The autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a complex and rare monogenic form of autoimmunity caused by pathogenic variants of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene; a transcription factor primarily expressed in the thymus and crucial for central immune tolerance. As a consequence, these patients display a wide variety of autoimmune manifestations in endocrine organs. The identification of the origin and major immune cell lineages involved in the development and pathogenesis of APS-1, remains an emergent issue due to sparse knowledge. In this work, a detailed immunological characterization and identification of specific immune subsets using functional lineage markers was performed by mass cytometry (CYTOF, cytometry by time-of-flight) using fixed blood from a cohort of 6 APS-1 patients and corresponding sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The results from this high dimensional CyTOF data showed no large alterations in the positive target populations but revealed a relative reduction in the frequency of CD45+ CD3+ CD14- CD19- CD56+ NKT cells compared to controls (mean APS-1= 4.901%; mean healthy controls= 11.35%, p= 0.00433). Furthermore, a flow cytometry panel was successfully generated and optimised for T cell transcription factors to phenotypically characterize T cell subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 APS-1 patients from our study cohort, as well as healthy controls. High expressions of Eomes were detected in unstimulated PBMCs of APS-1 patients compared to healthy controls. However, expressions from T cell subgroups, CXCR3+, GATA3+, RORgt+, T.BET, FOXP3+ cells did not reach significance. We succeeded in generating Th2- and Th17-polarised cells with their signature cytokines, IL-5, and IL-17 respectively, in a small cohort of APS-I patients. A relative proliferation of RORgt+, GATA3+ and FOXP3+ cells were observed with no major discrepancies compared to healthy controls. In addition, the response of some of the T cell subsets measured by both flow and mass cytometry were comparable and no large variations were detected. This could further indicate that CyTOF analysis with fixed blood and flowcytometry analysis of PBMCs are reliable to reproducibly measure immune subsets in APS-1 patients. Thus, even though with limited number of patients, our study might enhance and contribute to a better understanding of immune cell responses in AIRE- deficient patients. In depth knowledge about immune cell compositions is important to illuminate disease pathogenesis, predict subsequent diagnosis, improve outcome, and develop new therapies

Topic: Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Field Emitter Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Technique

A multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter and method of producing the same is disclosed The multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter comprises a nanotube having a diameter between approximately 1 nanometer and approximately 100 nanometers with an integrally attached outer layer of graphitic material that is approximately 1 micrometer to approximately 10 micrometers in diameter attached to an etched tip of a wire. The tip of the wire is etched to form a tip and a slot is fabricated in the tip for alignment and attachment of the carbon nanotube. A focus ion beam is used to weld the nanotube to the tungsten tip for electron field emission applications.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Subjective Idealism in Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development A Critical Analysis

This article analyzes the epistemological and logical foundations of Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of moral development. Kohlberg's understanding of dialectics is criticized and an attempt is made to introduce a dialectical materialist outlook on moral development. Philosophical tendencies in the cognitive-developmental theory of moral development such as apriorism, absolutism and formalism are unfavorably contrasted with the dialectical categories of historicism, double interactionism and reflection. In logic and epistemology the cognitive-developmental theory is shown to be based on a subjective idealist orientation.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phase-field modeling of cement paste: Where particle physics meets continuum mechanics

A phase-field model for the solidification and microtextural evolution of cement paste is introduced. In this mean-field approach the Gibbs free energy of the system defines the evolution of a set of reaction-diffusion equations that model the dissolution of a source phase and the precipitation and growth of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates (C-S-H) as a density field of nanoparticles. Results for isothermal simulations at three temperatures are discussed with additional analyses focusing on the hydration kinetics, the coarsening of the pore structure, and the development of the elasticity. A tool scarcely explored by the cement science community, the potential of phase-field approaches to refine the current modeling capability of the nucleation and growth of C-S-H and to upscale information gleaned from its colloidal building-blocks are examined.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular structures of tetrafluorodiphosphine and tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)diphosphine by gas-phase electron diffraction

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular structures of tetrafluorodiphosphine and tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)diphosphine by gas-phase electron diffractionH. L. Hodges, L. S. Su, and L. S. BartellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 3, 599–603Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50145a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (724 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences