jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Marine fishes play an important role for health care. The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the haemolytic activity of crude extracts of six puffer fishes Cyclichthys orbicularis, Diodon holocanthus, Canthigaster solandri, Arthron hispidus, A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis collected from Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, South East Coast of India. The haemolytic activity was tested against red blood cells (RBCs) of chicken, goat and human blood. The haemolytic activity was high in chicken blood (128HU) against of Cyclichthys orbicularis and A. inermis and minimum (16HU) in Lagocephalua inermis . In goat erythrocytes the highest haemolytic activity (256HU) against Arthron hispidus and minimum (16HU) against A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis were observed. In human erythrocytes the maximum haemolytic activity of 32HU against Cyclichthys orbicularis, Arthron hispidus were recorded. In blood agar plate assay the highest zone of inhibition of 6.4±0.9 and 6.3±0.1 mm were observed in A. inermis against chicken erythrocytes and Arthron hispidus against goat erythrocytes respectively. The results strongly suggest that, the Marine puffer fish extracts showed good cytolytic properties against blood RBCs.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Existence Theory for Nonlinear Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equations with Nonlocal Multi-Point and Multi-Strip Boundary Conditions

We investigate the solvability and Ulam stability for a nonlocal nonlinear third-order integro-multi-point boundary value problem on an arbitrary domain. The nonlinearity in the third-order ordinary differential equation involves the unknown function together with its first- and second-order derivatives. Our main results rely on the modern tools of functional analysis and are well illustrated with the aid of examples. An analogue problem involving non-separated integro-multi-point boundary conditions is also discussed.

Topic: Differential Equations and Boundary Problems
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Imagining the Other and Constructing Israelite Identity in the Early Second Temple Period.</i>Edited by Ehud Ben Zvi and Diana V. Edelman.

T he focus of the volume under review is self-evident from the title. As explained in the introduction by Diana V. Edelman, the volume draws on a variety of interdisciplinary approaches to address ‘a wide range of Othering processes, including the processes involving the social construction of gender and disability’ (p. xiv). The book grew out of sessions at the 2011 meeting of the European Association of Biblical Scholars. The contributors all work at North American, European, and Australian institutions. Following the introduction, which includes the standard overview of the volume’s contents, the book contains 16 clearly written essays and both reference and author indexes. Most of the essays would be appropriate to assign as secondary reading in an advanced undergraduate or graduate biblical studies course that addresses issues of identity and categories of human difference. As Edelman explains in her introduction, the essays reflect one or more of three subsets: those that focus on: (1) membership status over against the stranger or foreigner; (2) the permeability of in-group boundaries; or (3) corporate in-group identity in relation to outside groups. While some essays discuss theory, especially Jeremiah W. Cataldo’s ‘The Other: Sociological Perspectives in a Postcolonial Age’ (pp. 1–19), the majority of them provide surveys of Othering of biblical characters or in several biblical texts or Othering in particular biblical texts or ‘schools’ (e.g. Mark G. Brett’s essay, ‘Natives and Immigrants in the Social Imagination of the Holiness School’, pp. 89–104). A quarter of the essays (four of 16) discuss the book of Ruth and its negotiations of gender and ethnicity. In my opinion, the discussions of Ruth are representative of the volume’s overall contribution to the field. As with the essays on other texts (e.g. 1 Kings 23, Jonah, Esther, Ezra–Nehemiah, etc.), the complex roles that gender, ethnicity, and foreignness play the constructions of identity are well-established areas of inquiry in Ruth scholarship. Yet, the essays bring a number of thought-provoking insights and nuances to already familiar themes to those who study literature from the early Second Temple period. My own work would certainly have benefited from the discussions of Ruth throughout this collection.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Protection of Women in International Humanitarian Law

Since the number of women who actually participated in war was insignificant until the outbreak of World War I, the need for special protection for them was not felt prior to that time. This does not imply however that women had previously lacked any protection. From the birth of international humanitarian law, they had had the same general legal protection as men. If they were wounded, women were protected by the provisions of the 1864 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field; if they became prisoners of war, they benefited from the Regulations annexed to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 on the Laws and Customs of War on Land.

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A novel method of measuring capacitance current for ineffectively earthed power systems

Capacitance current is an important parameter for single phase grounding faults protection and control in ineffectively earthed power systems. A novel method for the capacitance current measuring is presented in the paper. With injecting a tested signal into the open-delta secondary of the voltage transformer, the voltage of the open-delta secondary and the voltage of the star secondary are measured. And the capacitance current to earth can be calculated directly for the ineffectively grounded systems. The novel method is tested in a dynamic power system. Test results show that the method is simple, convenient, and precise in measuring the capacitance current in real-time without power supply interrupting, and can reduce the influence of voltage transformer leakage impedance.

Topic: Power Systems Fault Detection
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A spread spectrum system with a time domain processing device

In this paper, we present a spread spectrum system with a time-domain processing device which can be used in a wireless communication system. An analysis of the interference rejection capability of this system is provided and the formula for evaluating the probability of error of system is given. Furthermore, the implementation of this system is described and the experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage--clinical study of 16 cases].

Three hundred and eighty three cases with head injury were admitted to our hospital during period from March 1985 to October 1986. Among these cases, 16 (4.2%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage as revealed on computerized tomography (CT) scan; other CT findings included epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and/or cerebral contusion. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was most frequently found in the ambient and/or sylvian fissure. This suggests that head blow tended to product shear strain at the brainstem and in the direction from temporal tip to frontal base. Furthermore tentorial edge and sphenoid ridge may have played an important role in producing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the 6 cases with the hemorrhage localized in the unilateral cisterns, 5 cases had the hemorrhage in the cisterns opposite to the blow site. This suggests that shear strain was produced more strongly at the opposite side to the blow site. The cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the prepontine and/or interpeduncular cistern had severe brainstem damage and their prognosis was very poor, while those with the hemorrhage localized in the ambient cistern, quadrigeminal cistern and/or sylvian fissure without other findings had good prognosis.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A COMPARISON OF METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO THE SELECTION OF A PANEL FOR SENSORY EVALUATION OF INSTANT COFFEE

ABSTRACT Twenty judges performed a variety of chemosensory tasks in order to select the best scores to form a panel for coffee evaluation. An average of correct responses (P%), one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were compared. The tests involved: ability to recognize the four basic tastes, identification and matching of odors, taste intensity evaluation and perception of small differences in taste. P% accounted for 71.17 ± 4.34% and 10 of the judges had scores greater than the final average. ANOVA and PCA resulted in 2 different panels consisting of 9 and 12 judges, respectively. The panel was composed by the nine panelists selected by the three methods. The other three panelists that were doubtful could improve to the point of acceptance with additional training. These methods should be used simultaneously to have more security in the acceptance or rejection of panelists.

Topic: Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Energetics of Crystallizing White Dwarfs Revisited Again

The evolution of white dwarfs is a cooling process that depends on the energy stored in the core and on the way in which it is transferred through the envelope. In this paper we show that despite some (erroneous) claims, the redistribution of chemical elements ensuing the crystallization of C/O white dwarfs provides between the 10% and the 20% of the total energy released during the crystallization process, depending on the internal chemical composition, which is not negligible at all, given the present state of the art of the white dwarf cooling theory.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Outcomes for children with recurrent/refractory atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: A single‐institution study with molecular correlation

Abstract Background Survival data for recurrent pediatric atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) and its association to molecular groups are extremely limited. Methods Single‐institution retrospective study of 64 children less than 21 years old with recurrent or treatment‐refractory (progressive disease [PD]) ATRT treated at St. Jude Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020. Demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment, molecular grouping (SHH, TYR, and MYC) and germline data were collected. Progression‐free survival (PFS2: time from PD to subsequent first progression) and overall survival (OSpostPD: time from PD to death/last follow‐up) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results Median age at and time from initial diagnosis to PD were 2.1 years (range: 0.5–17.9 years) and 5.4 months (range: 0.5–125.6 months), respectively. Only five of 64 children (7.8%) are alive at median follow‐up of 10.9 (range: 4.2–18.1) years from PD. The 2/5‐year PFS2 and OSpostPD were 3.1% (±1.8%)/1.6% (±1.1%) and 20.3% (±4.8%)/7.3% (±3.5%), respectively. Children with TYR group ( n = 10) had a better OSpostPD compared to those with MYC ( n = 11) (2‐year survival estimates: 60.0% ± 14.3% vs. 18.2% ± 9.5%; p = .019), or those with SHH ( n = 21; 4.8% ± 3.3%; p = .014). In univariate analyses, OSpostPD was better with older age at diagnosis ( p = .037), female gender ( p = .008), and metastatic site of PD compared to local or combined sites of PD ( p &lt; .001). Two‐year OSpostPD for patients receiving any salvage therapy ( n = 39) post PD was 33.3% ± 7.3%. Conclusions Children with recurrent/refractory ATRT have dismal outcomes. Older age at diagnosis, female gender, TYR group, and metastatic site of PD were associated with relatively longer survival in our study.

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Presence and Biotransformation of three Heteroaromatic Compounds Compared to an Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Abstract The presence of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur containing aromatic compounds, namely carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and their alkylated derivatives was investigated in potential environmental sources of these compounds. The persistence vs biodegradation of the parental heteroaromatic compounds was determined using bacterial consortia collected from three marine beaches from coastal Newfoundland. Experiments were performed at 25 and 4°C and bacterial populations derive from differently contaminated environments. In separate studies, rainbow trout, Salmo gardneiri, were exposed to PACs through their diet and the bioelimination of glucuronide and sufate conjugates followed in the gall bladder bile after a single and during continuous exposure. Comparison was done between the presence and fate of the three heterocyclic PACs and that of fluorene. a PAH counterpart with similar structure and physical-chemical properties. The tissue distribution of the PACs (not presented) provides information on the potential narcotic and/or reproductive effect of the unreacted compounds and the metabolites on the potential toxicity of the oxidation products.

Topic: Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Report on a scoping study of language awareness in health and social care

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Topic: Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Enigma of Adenoma-carcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review

ABSTRACT Phenomenon of adenoma-carcinoma is well-known in gastrointestinal tract tumors (GIT), but evidence of such sequence in thyroid oncogenic phylogeny is inconsistent. Frequently mixed/hybrid pathologies can occur in the same thyroid gland. We report an interesting case of such mixed tumors with inherent oncological sequence to discuss this issue in thyroid gland. How to cite this article Bhargav PRK. Enigma of Adenomacarcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):172-174.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Active control design for acoustic radiation using mixed-norm optimization

The interpretation of system norms is important in the design of optimal control laws. The infinity-norm allows for stability analysis even when the design model contains errors or uncertainties. H∞ robust control design makes use of this property. In many physical situations the two-norm can be related to system energy and is a more meaningful measure of performance. This is the basis of control designs such as LQR/LQG. Traditionally, optimal control laws are designed with respect to one of these norms. New methods in solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), however, make it possible to directly solve optimization problems whose cost functions involve a mixture of norms. In this work linear matrix inequalities are used to design controllers which suppress acoustic radiation from a driven plate. Specifically, a rectangular aluminum plate is instrumented with four piezoelectric sensoriactuators which provide both sensing and actuation. A laser Doppler velocimeter is used to measure velocity of the plate over a grid of points. Radiation filters predict far field acoustic power from the velocity measurements and are used for the design of optimal control laws. Both experimental and simulated results are presented which show the benefit of mixed norm control design made possible using LMIs.

Topic: Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Grafting of polymeric side chains to soft tissues

Abstract This paper describes a novel approach for obtaining covalent bonding to tissues by chemical grafting of polymeric side chains to the collagenous backbone. Soft tissues such as calfskin or ratskin can be modified by acrylic, methacrylic, or vinyl monomers containing a variety of functional groups using ceric ions, persulfate–bisulfite or comonomers forming donor–acceptor complexes as initiators. Reactions take place within 20 min to 3 hr under experimental condition which, with suitable changes, might be tolerated clinically. The resulting products are insoluble in solvents for the respective homopolymers. It is likely that the polymeric side chain is attached chemically to the collagenous backbone. With ratskin, the grafting takes place mainly at the surface, resulting in a change in wettability and water sorption of the substrate. Modified hydrophilic, hydrophobic or even oil repellent surfaces can be prepared by judicious choice of monomer used. Thus, hydrophobic, oleophobic subdermal ratskin surfaces are obtained on reaction with flourinated monomers. Treated ratskins appear more resistant to fungal attack than the original substrate. It is conceivable that the polymeric side chains can serve as adhesive liners since the modified surface may improve the ability of the substrate to adhere to restorative materials.

Topic: Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of live yeast dietary supplementation on nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in beagle dogs

The effects of live yeast (strain CNCM I-4407; Actisaf Sc 47; Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France) administration on nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in dogs were investigated. The study included 24 young beagle dogs. They were allocated in control and live yeast (LY) groups (6 males and 6 females in each). During the Adaptation (d 1 to 28) and Trial (d 29 to 70) periods, the dogs received a standard dry pelleted diet. In the Trial period, the LY dogs were given capsuled Actisaf Sc 47 at 1 g/kg live weight with at 2.9 × 10 cfu/g. The control dogs received empty capsules. Live weight and feed consumption were recorded. Blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase) and fecal samples for pH, microbiology, DM, lactic acid, and ammonia and digestibility evaluation were collected during the Trial period from each dog. The LY dogs had a higher ( < 0.05) weight gain during the Trial period than the control ones. Feed consumption was not adversely affected by LY. The CBC values and urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase were not adversely affected by LY. Live yeast did not significantly influence pH of fresh feces. Fecal lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were not affected. The LY dogs showed lower ( < 0.05) Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci counts in feces than the control ones. Lactic acid bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, and total coliforms did not show any significant differences between the treatments. The LY dogs showed a higher ( < 0.05) apparent digestibility of NDF. Digestibilities of DM, ash, crude fiber, CP, and fat were not influenced.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Real-Time PCR Quantification of Human Adenoviruses in Urban Rivers Indicates Genome Prevalence but Low Infectivity

ABSTRACT Real-time PCR was applied to quantify the abundance of human adenoviruses in two southern California urban rivers, the San Gabriel and Los Angeles. A total of 114 river samples from five different locations were collected over a 1-year period and analyzed for human adenoviruses, along with fecal indicator bacteria and coliphages. Adenoviruses were detected by real-time PCR in ∼16% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 10 2 to 10 4 genomes per liter. However, a plaque assay using two human tissue culture cell lines, HEK-293A and A549, yielded negative results, suggesting that adenoviruses detected by real-time PCR are likely noninfectious. Enterovirus genome was detected in ∼7% of the samples by reverse transcription-PCR. Analysis by Spearman's rho rank order correlation showed significant correlations between fecal indicator bacteria and indicator virus (total coliform, fecal coliform, enterococcus, and coliphage values). However, no significant correlations were found between human adenoviruses quantified by real-time PCR and culturable coliphages or fecal indicator bacteria. Kruskal-Wallis chi-square analysis showed significant seasonal variability of all fecal indicator bacteria and coliphages, while no significant variability was observed for adenoviruses or enteroviruses. This study presents the first quantitative measurement of human adenovirus genomes in urban rivers and their statistical relationship to fecal indicator bacteria and coliphages. The uncoupling between high-number genome copies of adenoviruses detected by real-time PCR and the absence of infectivity detected by tissue culture suggests that genome-based detection methods are inadequate for direct assessment of human health risk.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
OPTIONS for Preparing Inmates for Community Reentry

The purpose of this study was to adapt and experimentally test the effectiveness of a research-based, employment-focused group counseling intervention (OPTIONS). OPTIONS was designed to increase male inmates’ exploration and identification of employment interests and options, identification and development of employment-search skills, and knowledge of vocational options, goal planning, and identification and use of contextual supports. A randomized block design and measurements at pretest, posttest, and 1-month follow-up were used to examine the effects of OPTIONS. Participants included 77 ( n = 38 treatment, n = 39 control) adult male inmates. Results indicated that OPTIONS participants had higher career search self-efficacy, problem solving, and hopefulness scores at posttest and follow-up than did treatment-as-usual control group participants.

Topic: Resilience and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
危重症患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6及白细胞介素-10变化的研究

目的探讨危重症患者的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）的变化，为判断危重症患者病情的严重程度提供新的客观指标。方法41例危重症患者中好转或治愈30例为存活组，死亡11例为死亡组，健康体检者20例为对照组。患者入住ICU后第1、7天清晨空腹抽取静脉血3ml，对照组抽空腹静脉血3ml，应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的浓度。同时按急性生理和慢性健康评分系统（APACHEⅢ评分）方法进行危重症评分。结果危重症患者早期血清中促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6及抗炎因子IL-10的浓度均较对照组明显升高，存活组和死亡组与对照组比较均有统计学意义；TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10及APACHEⅢ评分四项指标两两之间呈显著性相关（P〈0．05）。结论促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6和抗炎因子IL-10在危重症患者中起重要作用，决定患者的预后。TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10浓度同APACHEⅢ评分一样可作为危重症预警的价值参数。

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences