jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Presentations Abstracts: SUPPORTING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING – A TOOL FOR ETHICAL REFLECTION ON CARE TECHNOLOGIES

View of Volume 66, Special Issue, September 2021 The tool FreTiP (Fragen zur ethischen Reflexion von digitalen Technologien in der Pflegepraxis – questions on ethical reflection of digital technologies in nursing practice) was developed in 2020 by the Institute Mensch, Ethik und Wissenschaft (IMEW) as part of ELSI research in the PPZ-Berlin project. Our aim was to develop an instrument that stimulates and supports ethical reflection processes in the application of digital care innovation technologies in practice. Ethical considerations are part of everyday (nursing) life, are closely interwoven with other aspects and are therefore difficult to recognise as such. The starting thesis of our work was that actors in care act on the basis of value concepts that they are more or less aware of. An ethics that is consciously integrated into everyday care takes into account all aspects that are relevant for an action or decision. In this respect, it is important to look at ethics in context and not to understand “ethics” as something isolated, coming from outside. Based on this, the development of the instrument should not consist of “breaking down” ethical concepts and theories to practice, but of ethically locating, structuring and making applicable the experiences, questions and needs of the actors working in nursing practice. Thus, FreTiP is not only to be considered practice-oriented, but also to a certain extent practice-based. The instrument was designed to be suitable for everyday care in clinics, care facilities and in the home context. FreTiP was developed as a low-threshold instrument that can be used flexibly and that takes into account the perspective of patients as well as carers. The development of the instrument was preceded by a triangulated study that included a literature review, interviews and (non-)participatory observations. In the paper, experiences with the ethical reflection tool FreTiP will be presented.

Topic: Social Policies and Healthcare Reform
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Extraction of spectral hemispherical reflectance (albedo) of surfaces from nadir and directional reflectance data

Abstract A radiative transfer model was used to explore how the error in inferring spectral hemispherical reflectance (pλ) from nadir reflectance values varies as a function of wavelength, solar zenith angle, leaf area index and leaf orientation distribution. Secondly, a technique using multiple spectral nadir reflectance values to infer pλ for a single wavelength was tested using field data. In addition, several techniques that use multiple off-nadir view angles taken in azimuth planes (called strings of data) were tested using field data. These latter techniques were very accurate (with errors less than 4 percent of the true value)and are ideally suited to present and future sensor systems that scan in a known azimuth plane (e.g. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and other scanning radiometers) or view fore and aft in a known azimuth plane (e.g. Advanced Solid-State Array Sensor (ASAS)Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS)), a brief analysis was performed to explore the effects of errors in hemispherical reflectance on terrestrial energy budget and productivity calculations.

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Breckenridge Daily American (Breckenridge, Tex), Vol. 4, No. 108, Ed. 1, Sunday, November 4, 1923

Daily newspaper (except Sunday) from Breckenridge, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immunochemical Studies with Radioactive Isotope, Similarity and Difference Between Serum Vitellin and Lipovitellin

With the help of radioisotope, immunochemical studies on the similarity and differences between serum vitellin and yolk lipovitellin, were made. When P32-containing serum of laying hens was used as antigen, each antiserum to the serum of laying hens (absorbed with cock serum and unabsorbed, to yolk, absorbed and unabsorbed, and to lipovitellin, absorbed and unabsorbed), precipitated 95% of the radioactivity of P32 in protein P fraction, and 50-65% in lipid P fraction. On the other hand, when P32-containing yolk solution in 10% NaCl was used as antigen, these antisera precipitated only 22-36% of radioactivity in the former fraction, and 55-80% in the latter fraction. The ratio of lipid P to protein P in the precipitates obtained with the sera of laying hens and the above described antisera was 1.1-1.6:1, and, in those obtained with yolk and the antisera was 4.5-8:1, compared with 1.6:1 for the lipovitellin used. Injection of the serum of laying hens, yolk and lipovitellin into rabbits produced antibodies which precipitated a similar lipoprotein.

Topic: Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microcredit, asymmetric information and start-ups: An Italian case study

The paper aims to investigate the topic of microcredit with regard to the creation of start-ups, with a view to revisiting the principles, contrasting the informative asymmetries of the bank-company relationship

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A faunistic study of Buprestidae and Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from Iran

A faunistic survey on the families of Buprestidae and Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) included 34 species (Buprestidae: nine species within six genera; Chrysomelidae: 25 species within 11 genera), 12 of which (five Buprestidae and seven Chrysomelidae) are newly recorded from Iran.Резюме.В работе приводятся новые данные по фауне Buprestidae и Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) Ирана.Златок выявлено 9 видов из 6 родов и листоедов 25 видов из 11 родов.Двенадцать видов (5 из сем.Buprestidae и 7 из сем.Chrysomelidae) впервые отмечаются для фауны Ирана.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimal Rate Control for Transporting VBR Video over QoS-assured Channels

Abstract In this paper we discuss how to select appropriate source and channel rate for transporting variable bit-rate (VBR) compressed video over QoS (quality of service)-assured channels. We first formulate it as an optimal control problem of discrete linear time-delay system. Then the discrete maximum principle is used to get the optimal control. Compared to traditional solutions, the proposed algorithm is designed for the coder with continuous output rate, and can work without special requirements for the encoder and decoder buffer sizes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has lower space and time complexity. Our solution can be used in both off-line and on-line coding.

Topic: Video Coding and Compression Technologies
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Toleration in Comparative Perspective

<JATS1:p>Toleration in Comparative Perspective is a collection of essays that explores conceptions of toleration and tolerance in Asia and the West. It tests the common assumption in Western political discourse and contemporary political theory that toleration is a uniquely Western virtue. Toleration in modern Western philosophy is understood as principled noninterference in the practices and beliefs of others that one disapproves of or, at least, dislikes. Although toleration might be seen today as a quintessential liberal value, precedents to this modern concept also existed in medieval times while Indigenous American stories about welcome challenge the very possibility of noninterference.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>The modern Western philosophical concept of toleration is not always easily translated into other philosophical traditions, but this book opens a dialogue between various traditions of thought to explore precisely the ways in which overlap and distinctions exist. What emerges is the existence of a family of resemblances in approaches to religious and cultural diversity from a program of pragmatic noninterference in the Ottoman Empire to deeper notions of acceptance and inclusiveness amongst the Newar People in the Kathmandu Valley. The development of an Islamic ethic of tolerance, the Daoist idea of all-inclusiveness, and Confucian ideas of broad-mindedness, respect, and coexistence to the idea of ‘the one in the many’ in Hindu thought are examined along with sources for intolerance, tolerance, and toleration in Pali Buddhism, early modern Japan, and contemporary India.</JATS1:p>

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Novel Primary Porcine Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Model with Preserved Properties

To establish an ethical, reliable, and expandable retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell model with maintained RPE properties compatible with multifarious assays. RPE cells from abattoir-obtained porcine eyes were cultured under various conditions. Morphology, RPE cell-specific protein markers (RPE-65, CRALBP), and the tight junction marker ZO-1 were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and western blot, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was determined to assess barrier function. The porcine RPE cells (pRPE) were best established using TrypLE Express, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented high-glucose media, and subculturing at semi-confluency. The pRPE cells maintained epithelioid morphology with ZO-1 positive tight junctions at the cell-to-cell borders, the ability to establish proper barrier function (TEERmax: 346/375 Ω⋅cm<sup>2</sup> at passage I/passage VI), and expressed CRALBP and RPE-65 for several passages. The RPE characteristics decreased and disappeared with transdifferentiation. This work describes, for the first time, a pRPE cell model that exhibits preserved RPE properties for several passages on cell culture plastic plates. Though RPE characteristics were maintained for at least 6 passages, the reduced CRALBP and RPE-65 with passaging emphasize that lower passage cells are advantageous to utilize, and that morphology, barrier function, and ZO-1 localization cannot be solely employed as a quality measure of RPE identity. Pigs are phylogenetically similar to humans, including similar physiology, anatomy and immune system. Therefore, porcine RPE cells constitute a relevant model system for studying human eye diseases, such as AMD.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Significance of Legionella pneumophila in human respiratory pathology].

The etiological structure of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory diseases was studied with a view to establishing the proportion of L. pneumophila among other causative agents of such diseases. A total of 299 patients were examined over time. The etiological diagnosis based on the data of serological examination was made in 70.6% of the patients with acute pneumonia and in 65% of the patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. In the etiology of pneumonia, the leading role was found to belong to influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses, as well as to adenovirus, while in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, to influenza B virus, adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The importance of L. pneumophila in the etiology of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory diseases was shown. The proportion of L. pneumophila proved to be, on the average, 9.9% in acute pneumonia and 9.8% in acute respiratory diseases. L. pneumophila occurred most frequently in mixed infections in combination with adenovirus and influenza B virus. Diseases of Legionella etiology were found to have a seasonal character, occurring mostly in winter and spring.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Superconducting Traveling Wave Cavity Tuning Studies

Superconducting traveling wave cavity (SCTW) can provide 1.2-1.4 times larger accelerating gradient than conventional standing wave SRF cavities [1]. Firstly, traveling wave opens the way to use other than Pi-mode phase advance per cell which increase transit time factor. Secondly, traveling wave is not so sensitive to cavity length as standing wave, which length is limited to 1 meter because of field flatness degradation. 3 cell SCTW cavity was proposed [2] and built for high gradient traveling wave demonstration and tuning studies. This paper describes analytical model that was used for cavity development. Tuning properties and requirements are also discussed.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
<scp>P14</scp>.13: Agreement between two‐ and three‐dimensional methods for the assessment of the fetal head‐symphysis distance in active labor

To assess the intermethod agreement between two- (2D) and three dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasound methods in measuring a new index of fetal head station (the fetal head-symphysis distance; HSD) in active labor, and to assess potential factors that may affect the agreement between the latter two methods. The fetal head-symphysis distance was measured by transperineal ultrasound in 86 women in active labor once using 2D and once using 3D technique. 2D images were acquired first in 43 women and 3D images were acquired first in the other 43 women. Intermethod agreement between 2D and 3D methods was analyzed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman method. In addition, potential factors affecting the intermethod reproducibility were investigated including fetal occiput position, order of acquisition, fetal head station, stage of labor, maternal BMI and epidural analgesia using ANOVA test to check for systematic bias and Levene's test for homoscedasticity. A good agreement was demonstrated between 2D and 3D measurements of HSD (ICC 0.949, 95% CI: 0.914 to 0.984). No evidence of systematic difference was shown between the two methods (average difference±SD: 0.04±2.29 mm, P = 0.888. The order of acquisition was the unique factor that had a significant effect (P = 0.042) on systematic difference between 2D and 3D (the first observation was higher independently of the methods used), while fetal head station had a significant effect (P = 0.004) on the homogeneity between the two methods with a better 2D-3D agreement obtained in lower head stations (SD of differences: 1.63 vs. 2.59 mm). HSD assessment using 2D and 3D methods have a good agreement. Both methods can be used interchangeably for the assessment of HSD. The agreement was better in lower fetal head stations.

Topic: Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Binding mode of Congo Red to Alzheimer's amyloid β‐peptide studied by UV Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Congo Red (CR) has long been used for staining amyloid fibrils and recently been found to inhibit amyloid formation. We examined the binding mode of CR to Alzheimer's amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) by UV Raman spectroscopy. The 244 nm‐excited Raman spectrum of CR exhibits five bands in the 1620–1550 cm −1 region, where C C stretching vibrations of the naphthalene and biphenyl moieties are expected. Among the C C stretching bands, one at 1615 cm −1 becomes weaker and another at 1598 cm −1 gains intensity upon binding to Aβ, resulting in a reversal of the relative intensity of the two bands. Concomitant with the intensity reversal, a band at 1158 cm −1 assignable to the N–C stretch becomes stronger. These UV Raman spectral changes are in line with those observed when the fraction of the planar CR molecule is increased by crystallization. Furthermore, opposite spectral changes were observed when the central biphenyl group was methylated to force the two benzene rings in an orthogonal orientation. These observations suggest an increase in planarity of the biphenyl group in the CR–Aβ complex. A red shift of the visible absorption is consistent with an expansion of π‐conjugation in the planar CR molecule. The torsional mobility of the biphenyl group permitting a planar conformation may be essential for the binding of CR to Aβ amyloid fibrils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Substituents on Electronic Structure and Photophysical Properties of Re(I)(CO)&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;Cl(R-2, 2’-Bipyridine) Complex: DFT/TDDFT Study

The electronic structure, absorption and emission spectra, as well as phosphorescence efficiency of Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes of a general formula <i>fac</i>-[Re(I)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(L)(R-N^N)](L = Cl; N^N = 2, 2'-bipyridine; R = -H, 1; -NO<sub>2</sub>, 2; -PhNO<sub>2</sub>, 3; -NH<sub>2</sub>, 4; -TPA (triphenylamine), 5) were investigated by using density functional theory(DFT) and time dependents density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The calculated results reveal that introductions of the Electron with drawing group (EWG) and Electron donating group (EDG) on the R position of 2, 2'-bipyridine ligand. When EWG (-NO<sub>2</sub> and -PhNO<sub>2</sub>) are introduced into complex 2 and 3, the lowest energy absorption and emission bands are red shifted compared with that of complex 1. On the contrary, the introduction of the EDG (-NH<sub>2</sub> and -TPA) in complex 4 and 5 cause corresponding blue shifted. The solvent effect on absorption and emission spectrum indicates that the lowest energy absorption and emission bands have red shifts with the decrease of solvent polarity. The electronic affinity (EA), ionization potential (IP) and reorganization energy (λ) results show that complex 5 is suitable to be used as an emitter in phosphorescence organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Meanwhile the emission quantum yield of complex 5 is possibly higher than that of other complexes.

Topic: Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Despite a degree of accommodation to change, white British citizens remain largely opposed to increased ethnic diversity

Immigration is one of the key political issues that will decide votes at the forthcoming General Elections, with the average British citizen hostile both the level of immigration that has already taken place, and the prospect of more. In a new Demos report, Eric Kaufmann and Gareth Harris map the ‘white’ response to immigration: ‘voice’, ‘exit’ and ‘accommodation’.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Direct Observation and Hole Burning of the Lowest Exciton Level (B870) of the LH2 Antenna Complex of <i>Rhodopseudomonas acidophila</i> (Strain 10050)

Results of 4.2 K absorption and hole-burning experiments on the B850 absorption band of isolated LH2 (B800−850) complexes from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila are presented for samples that exhibited a B850 absorption band of sufficient narrowness (200 cm-1) to allow for direct observation of the lowest exciton level of the B850 ring of dimers as a weak but distinct shoulder at the red edge of the B850 band. This shoulder correlates perfectly with the zero-phonon hole action spectrum of B870 which has been assigned as the lowest exciton level of B850. The action spectrum reveals that the B870 band carries an inhomogeneous width of 120 ± 10 cm-1, is characterized by weak electron−phonon coupling, and carries 3% of the total intensity of the B850 absorption band. The B870 exciton level lies 200 cm-1 below the B850 band maximum. Based on the X-ray structure of LH2 and under the assumption of perfect C9 symmetry (absence of diagonal and/or off-diagonal energy disorder) for the B850 ring, the B850 maximum should be determined by the strongly allowed E1 level of the C9-array of bacteriochlorophyll a dimers and B870 (the A level) should be adjacent, forbidden in absorption and the lowest energy level. However, the location of the A level 200 cm-1 below the E1 level appears to require a coupling between the nearest bacteriochlorophyll a monomers of adjacent dimers that is larger than the coupling between the monomers of the special pair of the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. As a result, it is concluded that diagonal and/or off-diagonal energy disorder within the B850 ring must be taken into account in order to understand B870 and the Qy electronic structure of B850. However, the temperature dependence (4.2−270 K) of the LH2 absorption spectrum reveals that the coupling between neighboring B850 molecules strengthens upon formation of the glycerol:H2O glass near 150 K. This is important for electronic structure calculations that utilize the room temperature structure of LH2 and low-temperature spectroscopic data. Finally, data pertaining to the pure dephasing of the B870 exciton level are presented and interpreted in terms of scattering due to imperfections in the B850 ring.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Review of: “Gathering Intelligence from Prisoners of War”

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsStéphane LefebvreStéphane Lefebvre is Section Head—Strategic Analysis at Defence R&D, Canada's (DRDC) Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (CORA). The opinions expressed in this review are his own and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the DRDC or of the Government of Canada.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences