jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The blood flow in the periodontal ligament regulated by the sympathetic and sensory nerves in the cat.

This study was carried out to investigate the nervous control of the blood flow in the periodontal ligament measured by laser Doppler flowmeter. Ten adult cats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (initial dose of 30 mg/kg, i.v. and maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg, i.v.). After enucleating the left eye ball, the superior alveolar nerve was exposed. The bone overlying the labial aspect of the left maxillary canine tooth root was pared away until a transparent layer of bone was left covering the periodontal ligament. A laser light from a probe of the flowmeter fixed at the tooth was beamed through the thinned bone. Three different patterns of responses were observed following the electrical stimulation of the distal end of the cut superior alveolar nerve: an increasing, a decreasing and a biphasic change of blood flow. The application of capsaicin onto the superior alveolar nerve reduced the response of blood flow increase but had no effect on the response of blood flow decrease. On the other hand, the response of blood flow decrease was completely inhibited by the pretreatment with phentolamine while the response of blood flow increase was not affected. The present results suggest that blood flow in the periodontal ligament of cats is controlled by sympathetic alpha-adrenergic fibers for vasoconstriction and by sensory fibers for vasodilation.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Socio-Cultural Factors in Decisions Related To Fertility in Remotely Located Communities: The Case of Suri Ethnic Group

A qualitative study was conducted in Surma woreda, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR) in order to investigate the socio-cultural factors in decisions related to fertility in Suri ethnic group. Key informants were selected by heterogeneous and snowball sample selection techniques. Key informant in – depth interviews using open-ended questions and observations using checklists were the data collection techniques. Data analysis was done manually in the field and using computer software for handling qualitative data. The Suri has an old tradition of child spacing practice. The reason for their child spacing practices are related to child welfare especially related to child feeding practices, maternal well being for fear of maternal depletion as a result of closely spaced births and the violent way of life that the Suri people often find themselves in. The traditional methods used for child spacing include the rhythm method, post – partum sexual abstinence, and prolonged breastfeeding. Traditional sexual norms such as polygamy and extramarital relation in men and the pastoralist way of life support child spacing practice using the traditional methods. In instances of unwanted pregnancy, the Suri try to induce abortion using local materials and plants. Recommendations were given to establish reproductive health services in the area as well as strengthening the already existing traditional family planning method by providing scientific and reliable information

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Melanoma Antigen(MAGE)and the Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer

The research on tumor vaccine has been a key method of tumor active immunotherapy with the development and application of molecular biological and genetic engineering technology.MAGE gene family encode antigen peptides that are presented by HLA class I molecules and recognized on human tumors by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes(CTL).MAGE gene was expressed exclusively in tumor tissues with lung cancer patients, so this tumor rejection antigen may have potential to be used as a new peptide vaccine for immunotherapy for lung cancers.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some Concerns about Deposit Insurance for a Less Regulated Financial System

Passage of the Garn-St. Germain bill recognized some of the changes that have occurred in the financial system for more than a decade* The bill permitted older institutions to respond more directly to competition from newer financial institutions* Additional changes are likely to occur in the future» either by additional legislation or in its absence* Without a determined --and mistaken effort to prevent these changes by new i legislation, it seems likely that the restrictions in the McFadden Act, the Bank Holding Company Act, Glass-Steagall, and the Saving and Loan Holding Company Act will be modified in the next decade either by legislation or by innovation that circumvents existing laws.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
In vitro studies of the modulatory effects of sensory neuropeptides on peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of normal and allergic subjects.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the modulatory effects of sensory neuropeptides on peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of normal and allergic subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes obtained from five normal subjects and from five patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma were incubated with morphine, ACTH, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or substance P at concentrations of 10(-9) M, 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M and suboptimal (0.0125 microgram/mL, 0.025 microgram/mL, and 0.05 microgram/mL) concentrations of PHA. Uptake of 3H-thymidine was evaluated at 72 hours of culture. An inhibitory effect was observed with morphine, ACTH, and substance P while stimulatory effects were seen with vasoactive intestinal peptide, both in normal and in allergic subjects. The results of these preliminary studies provide further evidence for a modulatory role of neuropeptides on the immune function in both normal and allergic subjects.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Secondary systemic AL-amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma: Clinical case and literature review

Abstract AL-amyloidosis refers to a systemic type of disease characterised by aggregation of an improperly folded light chain of immunoglobulin, mainly in the heart and kidneys, causing organ failure. This study describes the clinical experience of introducing a patient with cardiac amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of amyloidosis is based on a high index of clinical suspicion. Unfortunately, the disease often proceeds asymptomatically until a late stage, and even then the symptoms can be very nonspecific. The prolonged time to establish a diagnosis, often more than 1 year, is a frequent factor in poor treatment results. The slow course of the disease, in most cases, leads to fatal consequences, since initially, patients do not turn to specialised professionals. Namely, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia are common causes of death from primary systemic amyloidosis, from 48% to 65% of cardiac mortality. More accurate recognition of AL-amyloidosis by cardiologists allows prescribing earlier treatment and improving results. Conventional treatment of multiple myeloma and AL-amyloidosis includes a combination of dexamethasone with bortezomib and endoxan. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after taking high doses of melphalan has become another treatment option and has led to remission in some patients. The study presents an example of a timely complete diagnosis and treatment of a combination of these two diseases, as a result of which the patient has achieved a complete haematological and partial organ response to the underlying disease.

Topic: Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
cAMP activates an ATP-conductive pathway in cultured shark rectal gland cells

The molecular mechanisms associated with ATP transport and release into the extracellular milieu are largely unknown. To assess the presence of endogenous ATP-conductive pathway(s) in shark rectal gland (SRG) cells, patch-clamp techniques were applied to primary cultures of SRG cells. Whole cell currents were obtained with either intracellular tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) or Mg2+ salts of ATP (200 mM nominal ATP) and 280 mM NaCl bathing solution. Basal currents showed a sizable ATP permeability for outward movement of MgATP. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation significantly increased the whole cell conductance (with either intracellular Tris-ATP or MgATP). Symmetrical whole cell ATP currents were also observed after cAMP activation, thus consistent with ATP as the main charge carrier. The cAMP-inducible ATP currents were insensitive to the Cl- channel blockers 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid but were readily blocked by nifedipine (400 microM) and glibenclamide (400 microM). The nature of the electrodiffusional ATP movement was further assessed by single-channel analysis of either MgATP or Tris-ATP currents in excised inside-out patches, both spontaneous and after activation with protein kinase A. Single-channel ATP currents were inhibited by either nifedipine or glibenclamide. Thus SRG cells express endogenous ATP-permeable pathways both before and after cAMP stimulation. Electrodiffusional ATP movement by SRG cells may play a significant role in the transport and delivery of cellular ATP to the extracellular milieu, which may help coordinate the dynamics of the epithelial secretory response in this cell model.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mapillary Annotated Street Level Images

This dataset contains street-level images from the Mapillary platform, for the year of 2017, in the mapillary.zip file. These images have been matched with crop type labels from the freely available Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) of the Netherlands. The name of each .jpf file corresponds to a unique identifier. Supported by the CALLISTO (No. v) project, which has been funded by EU Horizon 2020 programs.

Topic: Automated Road and Building Extraction
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gap junction protein connexin 43 and its distribution in damaged nerve cells

BACKGROUND: Connexins, particularly connexin 43, form gap junctions that mediate neuron-glial communication. To date, the expression of connexin 43 in phenotypically distinct neurolemmocytes, in particular non-myelinating (Remak cells) and repair Schwann cells, has not been studied. AIM: To determine the presence of connexin 43 in Schwann cells of the rat sciatic nerve under normal conditions and after mechanical damage by applying a ligature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on Wistar rats (n = 10). In experimental rats, the sciatic nerve was damaged by applying a ligature (40 s). 7 days after surgery, sciatic nerve segments were isolated for subsequent immunohistochemical study using antibodies to connexin 43 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In the control group rats, segments of intact sciatic nerves were isolated in a similar way. RESULTS: It has been shown that in the endoneurium of the intact rat sciatic nerve there are no cells expressing connexin 43. It was found that 7 days after injury, a large number of connexin-43-immunopositive cells of irregular shape with several processes were identified in the endoneurium of the damaged nerve. There was a lack of expression of connexin 43 in GFAP-containing Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that nerve damage leads to active synthesis of the studied protein by endoneurium cells; however, the origin of the cells expressing connexin 43 remains to be elucidated.

Topic: Connexins and lens biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Model for Efficient Data Storage on Public Cloud

The increasing use of online services has a great impact on the organizations to adopt cloud services in order to scale and keep pace with upcoming new technologies that require making use of these services more efficiently and effectively with very low downtime. As cloud computing grows, companies are adapting and changing their ways of storing data in the traditional cloud. Images have tended to become a large emphasis when communicating and showing the relevant things when users search for it is a big win. This tends to propose a lot of questions when storing data in the cloud. The biggest concern here is the amount of storage it takes and when scaled is it going to cut the budget gap that the corporation/organization has to spend. This can be contained and control cloud services the organization has consuming through a system of compression and decompression. We could secure the content that is stored in the cloud using encryption and decryption. We can put more data into the images themselves for a faster approach to Retrieve them and store them in the cloud in a very need-to-have manner

Topic: Cloud Data Security Solutions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of Online Questionnaires in Grammar Teaching

The consciousness-raising approach to grammar teaching aims to provide opportunities for students to identify some grammatical components through noticing activities and then make their own hypotheses about those components. This chapter proposes the application of the WebCT questionnaire to develop outside-class activities through which students are able to test and refine their hypotheses in order to internalize the grammar rules. It was found that students were more motivated and participated in the activities of testing and refining their hypotheses than in the past. Besides, students were exposed to more interlanguage samples that might have helped them refine their hypotheses. It is hoped that this chapter gives teachers better understanding of the needs of Chinese university students in grammar learning and offers them some innovative and effective teaching ideas in grammar teaching.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of clinical genetics in Asia

Abstract This Special Issue on Clinical Genetics in Asia highlights a collection of articles showing the growth, development, and current status of clinical genetics in Asia. In this Introduction, the Guest Editors share on the themes of this issue to provide useful insights into the rapid growth of genomics and clinical genetics in this region. The contents of this Issue cover a range of topics from the history and development of clinical genetics in Asia to studies on disorders with clinical significance or phenotype differences in the Asian populations to the status of precision medicine. The goal is to provide a glimpse of how significantly the field of genetics in Asia has developed in recent years with the aspiration that this can serve as a catalyst to increase international collaboration and cooperation in combating genetic diseases. We hope that this issue shows Asia's readiness and willingness to be a part of more international conversations about genetics in future.

Topic: Genomics and Rare Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Review of Astronomy Education Research

The field of astronomy education is rapidly growing beyond merely sharing effective activities or curriculum ideas. This paper categorizes and summarizes the literature in astronomy education research and contains more than 100 references to articles, books, and Web-based materials. Research into student understanding on a variety of topics now occupies a large part of the literature. Topics include the shape of Earth and gravity, lunar phases, seasons, astrobiology, and cosmology. The effectiveness of instructional methods is now being tested systematically, taking data beyond the anecdotal with powerful research designs and statistical analyses. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed- methods approaches have found their places in the researcher’s toolbox. In all cases, the connection between the research performed and its effect on classroom instruction is largely lacking.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Complaint filed concerning judge's conduct.

During a trial in December 2007, when it was disclosed that the complainant was living with HIV and hepatitis C, the presiding judge ordered the complainant to be masked or testify electronically from another courtroom. The Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network and the HIV& AIDS Legal Clinic of Ontario (HALCO) lodged a formal complaint with the Ontario Judicial Council in response to what they termed "shockingly discriminatory thinking and practice".

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and polyphenols of red beetroots dehydrated in oven, microwave, and infrared systems

Abstract Backround The antioxidant capacity of red beetroot has an important role in promoting human health and preventing degenerative diseases and cancer. Beetroot and colorful root vegetables are rich in phenol compounds with antioxidant properties. Results In this study, changes in total phenolic and flavonoid amounts and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents of red beets heated in oven, microwave (MW), and infrared (IR) systems were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the red beetroots heated in oven, MW, and IR were determined between 327.85 (IR) and 619.27 mg GAE/100 g (oven) to 674.03 (IR) and 1089.24 mg/100 g (MW), respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity values of dehydrated red beet samples varied between 0.02 (IR) and 4.73 mmol/kg (Oven). The values of total phenolic, total flavonoid values, and antioxidant activities of the red beet samples were most affected by infrared. Gallic acid and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid amounts of red beet samples were identified between 47.54 (Oven) and 438.65 mg/100 g (MW) to 15.98 (IR) and 45.44 mg/100 g (MW), respectively. Also, the highest p ‐coumaric acid (8.50 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (6.26 mg/100 g), resveratrol (2.55 mg/100 g), quercetin (4.69 mg/1000 g), cinnamic acid (0.21 mg/100 g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/100 g) were established in red beets dehydrated in MW system. Conclusion When the red beet is desired to be rich in total phenolic and total flavonoid components, conventional and microwave oven cooking should be preferred, respectively. The phenolic components of the red beets dehydrated in the microwave were found to be high (except caffeic acid) compared with oven and IR.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A study of patient assault -related injuries in state psychiatric hospitals

We surveyed nurses and mental health workers (MHWs) working in six state psychiatric hospitals to identify factors that predict the risk of patient assault-related injuries to staff. We assessed workers' perceptions of ward performance, ward safety climate, and recall of patient assault-related injuries over a one-year period. Fifteen percent of participants experienced a major to severe patient assault. The results suggested that for a worker in a ward with low safety climate supervisory actions, the odds of experiencing a patient assault-related injury are 5 times greater than for workers in a ward with high safety climate supervisory actions (OR = .2, 95% CI = .0 - .8, p = .02). No effect on the odds of patient assault-related injury was found for ward performance. Other important factors that increased the odds of experiencing a patient assault-related injury included: being a MHW, working the day shift, and working in a particular hospital. Another significant finding was that the odds of experiencing a patient assault-related injury was 2.5 times greater for respondents who believed that patient seclusion and restraint was not beneficial to use with patients than for respondents who held favorable beliefs about using seclusion and restraint (OR = .4, CI = .2 - .8, p < .001). The implications of our study are that a high level of safety climate is protective for experiencing patient assault-related injuries. This finding demonstrates the importance of ward supervisors providing feedback about workers' safety conduct, which in turn, can decrease the risk of staff injuries in psychiatric wards. Considering the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid's rule about minimizing the use of patient seclusion and restraint, we support that these containment strategies remain an important option for staff self-protection in psychiatric wards.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Apparent Expression of Varicella-Zoster Virus Proteins in Latency Resulting from Reactivity of Murine and Rabbit Antibodies with Human Blood Group A Determinants in Sensory Neurons

ABSTRACT Analyses of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) protein expression during latency have been discordant, with rare to many positive neurons detected. We show that ascites-derived murine and rabbit antibodies specific for VZV proteins in vitro contain endogenous antibodies that react with human blood type A antigens in neurons. Apparent VZV neuronal staining and blood type A were strongly associated (by a χ 2 test, α = 0.0003). Adsorption of ascites-derived monoclonal antibodies or antiserum with type A erythrocytes or the use of in vitro -derived VZV monoclonal antibodies eliminated apparent VZV staining. Animal-derived antibodies must be screened for anti-blood type A reactivity to avoid misidentification of viral proteins in the neurons of the 30 to 40% of individuals who are blood type A.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced memory impairment in mice

Abstract Gut dysbiosis is linked to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and comprises a plausible link between high‐fat diet (HFD) and brain dysfunction. Here we show that gut microbiota modulation by either antibiotic treatment for 5 weeks or a brief 3‐day fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) regimen from low‐fat (control) diet‐fed mice decreased weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and glucose intolerance induced by HFD in C57BL/6 male mice. Notably, gut microbiota modulation by FMT completely reversed impaired recognition memory induced by HFD, whereas modulation by antibiotics had less pronounced effect. Improvement in recognition memory by FMT was accompanied by decreased HFD‐induced astrogliosis in the hippocampal cornu ammonis region. Gut microbiome composition analysis indicated that HFD diminished microbiota diversity compared to control diet, whereas FMT partially restored the phyla diversity. Our findings reinforce the role of the gut microbiota on HFD‐induced cognitive impairment and suggest that modulating the gut microbiota may be an effective strategy to prevent metabolic and cognitive dysfunction associated with unfavorable dietary patterns. image

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences