jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Public utilities and private initiative: The French concession model in historical perspective

In France, the Public-Private Partnership allowed the conciliation of the social function of public services and public works and the limitation of their cost for each citizen. They were in three sectors: transport, energy and water, during the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century. After the Second World War, in spite of nationalisations, the concession system continued to operate in water treatment and distribution, but also in transport and energy. Moreover, the necessity to modernise French infrastructures favoured a revival of the concession system combined with Anglo-Saxon practices. The French model of the concession constituted a major asset for French capitalism, with big multinational firms such as GDF-Suez, Veolia Environnement, Vinci and Bouygues.

Topic: Political and Social Issues
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Data from Functional Categorization of &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; Variants of Uncertain Clinical Significance in Homologous Recombination Repair Complementation Assays

Supplementary Data from Functional Categorization of &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; Variants of Uncertain Clinical Significance in Homologous Recombination Repair Complementation Assays

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Conquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada. By José Ignacio Avellaneda. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 275. Maps. Tables. Appendices. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Cloth $50.00.)

The Conquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada. By José Ignacio Avellaneda. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 275. Maps. Tables. Appendices. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Cloth $50.00.) - Volume 52 Issue 4

Topic: Historical Studies of Medieval Iberia
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
COMBUSTION OF METHANOL AND METHANOL BLENDS IN A STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINE

Emissions and fuel economy of a large volume prechamber, fuel injected, stratified charge engine with gasoline and a gasoline/20% methanol blend are measured. The engine is a modified CFR cetane test engine operating with MBT spark timing and 8. 4:1 compression ratio. The effect of both prechamber and main chamber mixture ratio on engine operation and emissions is investigated. Lowest overall emissions are achieved simultaneously with low fuel consumption at a prechamber equivalence ratio of 1. 10. The stratified charge engine when operated on the gasoline/methanol blend shows significant improvement over gasoline in NO emissions but also with higher exhaust CO and HC. Fuel economy is not significantly different for the two fuels so long as the prechamber is not overly rich. The interpretation of the HC emissions measurements is aided by a study of quenching distances of methanol and methanol blends. A constant volume, flanged electrode test bomb is used to measure quenching distances of reactive gas mixtures. Experiments are performed with methane, methanol, iso-octane and iso-octane/methanol blends over a range of equivalence ratios for several mixture initial temperatures and pressures. The fuel blends are found to have larger quenching distances than either pure fuel which is consistent with the observation of slightly higher HC emissions in the engine study when using the methanol blend

Topic: Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Derivatives for the Treatment of Cancer:  Solution Chemistry, DNA Binding, and Hemolytic Properties

Gold(III) compounds are emerging as a new class of metal complexes with outstanding cytotoxic properties and are presently being evaluated as potential antitumor agents. We report here on the solution and electrochemical properties, and the biological behavior of some gold(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives which have been recently proved to be one to 4 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic in vitro than the reference drug (cisplatin) and to be able to overcome to a large extent both intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin itself. Their solution properties have been monitored in order to study their stability under physiological conditions; remarkably, they have shown to undergo complete hydrolysis within 1 h, the metal center remaining in the +3 oxidation state. Their DNA binding properties and ability in hemolyzing red blood cells have been also evaluated. These gold(III) complexes show high reactivity toward some biologically important isolated macromolecules, resulting in a dramatic inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis and inducing DNA lesions with a faster kinetics than cisplatin. Nevertheless, they also induce a strong and fast hemolytic effect (compared to cisplatin), suggesting that intracellular DNA might not represent their primary or exclusive biological target.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FLUIDS FOR HEAVY-DUTY TRANSPORTATION BOTTOMING CYCLE SYSTEMS: A SUMMARY REPORT

Working fluids used in Rankine bottoming cycle systems for heat recovery from long-haul trucks, marine vessels, and railroad locomotives are examined. Rankine bottoming cycle systems improve fuel economy by converting the exhaust heat from the prime mover into useful power. The report assesses fluid property requirements on the basis of previous experience with bottoming cycle systems. Also, the exhaust gas characteristics for the transportation modes of interest are summarized and compared. Candidate working fluids are discussed with respect to their potential for use in Rankine bottoming cycle systems. Analytical techniques are presented for calculating the thermodynamic properties of single-component working fluids. The resulting equations have been incorporated into a computer code for predicting the performance of Rankine bottoming cycle systems. In evaluating candidate working fluids, the code requires the user to input only a minimal amount of fluid property data.

Topic: Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Robotic Nursing Assistant Applications and Human Subject Tests through Patient Sitter and Patient Walker Tasks

This study presents the implementation of basic nursing tasks and human subject tests with a mobile robotic platform (PR2) for hospital patients. The primary goal of this study is to define the requirements for a robotic nursing assistant platform. The overall designed application scenario consists of a PR2 robotic platform, a human subject as the patient, and a tablet for patient–robot communication. The PR2 robot understands the patient’s request and performs the requested task by performing automated action steps. Two categories and three tasks are defined as: patient sitter tasks, include object fetching and temperature measurement, and patient walker tasks, including supporting the patient while they are using the walker. For this designed scenario and these tasks, human subject tests are performed with 27 volunteers in the Assistive Robotics Laboratory at the University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute (UTARI). Results and observations from human subject tests are provided. These activities are part of a larger effort to establish adaptive robotic nursing assistants (ARNA) for physical tasks in hospital environments.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resistance heating using electrically conductive cements

Steel fibre (8 μm diameter, 0·72 vol.%)-reinforced cement was found to be effective for resistance heating. A DC electrical power input of 5·6 W (7·1 V, 0·79 A) resulted in a maximum temperature of 60°C (initial temperature = 19°C) and a time of 6 min to reach half the maximum temperature. Efficiency of energy conversion increased with time of heating, reaching 100% after 50 min. The heat power output per unit area was 750 W/m2 for steel fibre cement, compared with 340 W/m2 for a metal wire with the same resistance. The use of carbon fibres or graphite particles in place of steel fibres resulted in less effective heating, due to the higher resistivity.

Topic: Smart Materials for Construction
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of MRI in the Diagnosis of Hip Joint Pain

Introduction: Hip pain is a common diagnostic challenge for the physician.Study aimed to access the usefullness of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of various hip pathologies.Material and methods: This was a prospective study of 80 patients with the complaints of hip joint pain.All patients underwent the following MRI sequences-Axial T1WI, T2WI, Coronal T1WI, T2WI, STIR & PDFS, Sagittal PDFS and T1WI postcontrast axial, coronal and sagittal sequences.Data was collected and tabulated.Statistical analysis was done with the calculations of frequencies and percentages.Results: Out of 80 patients 68(85%) patients revealed abnormalities in the MRI scan.Avascular necrosis is seen in 28(35%), fractures in 8(10%), osteoarthritis in 8 (10%), Synovial effusion in 6 (7.5%), bone infarcts in 4(5%) bursitis in 4 (5%), synovitis, bone marrow oedema, infective arthritis, metastatic lesions, sacroillitis in two patients each and intramuscular abscess and femoro acetabular impingement are seen in one patient each.Conclusion: MRI is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of hip joint pain as it is safe, non-invasive and depicts accurate anatomical details.MRI is an excellent modality for the diagnosis of many hip conditions which shows nonremarkable subtle findings in radiographs and CT.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kinetics and mechanism of electron‐transfer reaction of aquothallium(III) and coordinated thallium(III). Oxidation of metol with thallium(III) in acid perchlorate medium

Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of metol ( N ‐methyl‐ p ‐aminophenol) by thallium(III) have been studied in a perchloric acid medium. This organic compound is employed extensively in photographic work. The stoichiometry of the reaction is represented by: C 6 H 4 (OH)NHCH 3 + TI III → C 6 H 4 (O)NCH 3 + TI I + 2H + The kinetics indicate the rate law: where k ′ is the pseudo‐first‐order rate constant. The rate constants and thermodynamic parameters for the rate‐limiting step have been evaluated.

Topic: Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Status of the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory - eScholarship

The Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory is the world's first large-area water Cherenkov detector capable of continuously monitoring the sky at TeV energies. Located in northern New Mexico, Milagro will perform an all sky survey of the Northern Hemisphere at energies between ~250 GeV and 50 TeV. With a high duty cycle, large detector area (~5000 square meters), and a wide field-of-view (~1 sr), Milagro is uniquely capable of searching for transient and DC sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Milagro has been operating since February, 1999. The current status of the Milagro Observatory and initial results will be discussed.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Renormalization-Group Explanation of Nonuniversal Decay of Boundary-Spin Correlations

Received 5 November 1981DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.215©1982 American Physical Society

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of the DASH Diet on Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM). Methods: A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 68 pregnant women with PDM throughout prenatal care until delivery (18 weeks) at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016–2020). The standard diet adopted by the control group (standard diet group—SDG) contained 45–55% carbohydrates, 15–20% protein, and 25–30% lipids of the total energy intake. An adapted DASH diet, with a similar macronutrient composition, but with higher calcium, potassium, magnesium, fiber, and reduced saturated fat, was prescribed for the intervention group (DASH diet group—DDG). Student’s t- or Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. To assess the trajectory of gestational weight gain throughout the intervention between the study groups, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. Results: The DDG had lower gestational weight gain at the fifth (p = 0.03) and seventh appointment (p = 0.04), with no difference in average total gestational weight gain (SDG: 10 kg [SD = 4]; DDG: 9 kg [SD = 5], p = 0.23). There was a trend for a lower length of stay of the newborns (p = 0.08) in the DDG without differences for other perinatal outcomes. Conclusions: The DASH diet promoted less variation in gestational weight gain without promoting a difference in total gestational weight gain, and there was no difference between the study groups for perinatal outcomes.

Topic: Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
WE MAKE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS . . . SENSATIONAL

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTWE MAKE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS . . . SENSATIONALCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 15, 2Publication Date (Print):April 9, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 9 April 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n015.p002Copyright © 2007 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (593 KB) Get e-Alerts

Topic: Academic Writing and Publishing
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Wireless Emulator for Large-Scale IoT Applications

In this study, to evaluate large-scale IoT applications comprising numerous radio devices, we developed a wireless emulator that can evaluate various radio communication systems in cyberspace, without requiring actual radio devices, in addition to verifying transmission performance in an operation similar to actual operations. Because the wireless emulator can separately and independently operate each radio node by porting software that realizes protocols other than the physical layer on the actual radio device to the emulator, the software can be implemented in the actual radio device as it is after completing the emulation. Furthermore, in the emulator, the topology of the network can be altered freely in cyberspace. Moreover, because the simulation of the physical layer is analyzed independently in the emulator, various applications can be evaluated, regardless of mobile and fixed communications. In this study, the Wi-SUN FAN system was adopted as the evaluation example of the wireless communication system using this emulator, star and tree topologies with Wi-SUN FAN nodes were formed in cyberspace, and transmission characteristics, such as average packet transmission success rate and average delay time, were evaluated. The characteristics were compared with the computer simulation results without actual operations and were consistent.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
How Procreation Generates Parental Rights and Obligations

This chapter evaluates some common ethical convictions about procreation and its relationship to both parental rights and parental obligations. Rooting parental obligations in compensatory duties offers a superior justification of the procreative model, including its claims regarding parental rights. Parental rights and obligations must come into existence due to procreation itself. Much of the popular rhetoric and legal practice surrounding parenthood and procreation assumes that children's interests are well served, perhaps even best served, when those responsible for their biological existence are assigned the distinctive rights and obligations of parenthood. One can have a minimally satisfying life without having the distinctive sort of parent-child relationship afforded by procreation. Procreation serves to place an individual into a specific web of social relations not of her choosing and hence functions to determine the specific contents of one's moral duties.

Topic: Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data Security Issues and Challenges in Cloud Computing: A Conceptual Analysis and Review

Cloud computing is a set of Information Technology services offered to users over the web on a rented base. Such services enable the organizations to scale-up or scale-down their in-house foundations. Generally, cloud services are provided by a third-party supplier who possesses the arrangement. Cloud computing has many advantages such as flexibility, efficiency, scalability, integration, and capital reduction. Moreover, it provides an advanced virtual space for organizations to deploy their applications or run their operations. With disregard to the possible benefits of cloud computing services, the organizations are reluctant to invest in cloud computing mainly due to security concerns. Security is one of the main challenges that hinder the growth of cloud computing. At the same time, service providers strive to reduce the risks over the clouds and increase their reliability in order to build mutual trust between them and the cloud customers. Various security issues and challenges are discussed in this research, and possible opportunities are stated.

Topic: Cloud Data Security Solutions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Influence of Maternal Glycemia on Breastmilk Composition and Volume Ingested by Infants of Mothers with Type 1 Diabetes

&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;Examine relationships between maternal glucose, breastmilk &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;composition&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;volume ingested by infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes(T1D).&lt;/a&gt; To compare breastmilk composition of women with and without T1D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;Mid-feed breastmilk samples were collected &lt;/a&gt;from 11 mothers with T1D. Maternal continuous glucose monitoring(CGM) data were correlated with breastmilk composition and volume ingested. Breastmilk composition was compared between women with and 5 without T1D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;47 breastmilk samples from mothers with T1D were analyzed. Maternal glucose 90-120 minutes before breastfeeding correlated with breastmilk glucose and fructose but not lactose, protein, fatty acids, leptin or volume consumed. Breastmilk leptin correlated with volume of breastmilk consumed (r=0.394 p=0.008). Higher breastmilk glucose (1.0±0.3 versus. 0.7±0.3 mg/ml) and leptin (463.6±480.0 versus 114.4±68.6 pg/mL) were found in women with versus without T1D.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="" target="_blank"&gt;Maternal glucose is associated with breastmilk glucose and fructose in women with &lt;/a&gt;T1D but not volume of breastmilk consumed.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preferential induction of NK cell mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) against differentiated oral and pancreatic tumors expressing MICA/B

Natural Killer cells (NK) cells are known to limit growth and expansion of cancer stem cells by direct cytotoxicity, providing key cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, which drive differentiation of stem-like/poorly differentiated cancer stem cells and through antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). One of the important surface antigens on transformed cells is Major Histocompatibility Complex class I chain-related protein A and B (MICA/MICB). Induction of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity resistance and differentiation in the stem cells correlate with the increased expression of CD54, B7H1, and MHCI, and MICA/MICB and antibodies specific to MICA/MICB increased NK cell-mediated ADCC against differentiated oral and pancreatic tumors, while the stem-like/poorly differentiated cancer stem cells were not targeted. This antibody also increased IFN-γ secretion by NK cells when cultured with differentiated oral tumors expressing MICA/MICB. This study also showed that Expanded NK cells target both undifferentiated and differentiated tumor cells while primary NK cells preferentially target undifferentiated/Stem-like population. In addition, it showed that the combination of IL-2 and antiCD16 treatment induces split anergy in primary NK cells but not in super-charged NK cells and Expanded NK cells were found to mediate lower levels of ADCC than primary NK cells. Knowing the key role of IFN-γ production in differentiation of oral and pancreatic cancer cells, then aimed to determine strategies to increase NK cell-mediated production of IFN-γ and we showed that AJ2 probiotic bacteria and fucoidan extracted from Mekabu could individually increase NK cells’ IFN-γ secretion ability. The combination of AJ2 probiotic bacteria and fucoidan extracted from Mekabu resulted in synergic secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells. In conclusion, differentiated and stem-like/ poorly differentiated oral and pancreatic tumors have different expression level of MICA/MICB and can be targeted differentially through ADCC. Primary and Expanded NK cells have very different characteristics and biological functions and all the diverse functions of different subsets of NK cells should be considered in NK cell- immunotherapeutic approaches.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences