jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contact duration aware evaluation for content dissemination delay in mobile social network

Groups of people with mobile phones using short-range connections such as WiFi and Bluetooth to propagate messages can be modeled as, with regard to regular absence of end-to-end connection, mobile social networks (MSNs), which can be exploited to offload a significant amount of mobile content from the overloaded infrastructure networks such as 3G. The study of content transmission delay for the applications of mobile content dissemination in MSNs is an important problem, because to enhance the network capacity, the traffic is offloaded at the cost of inducing longer delay. In contrast to existing works, which ignore the factors of contact duration limits and large content size, we present a contact duration aware framework to model the content dissemination process in MSNs, give an explicit expression for the average content dissemination delay, and reveals its relationship with various system parameters of content size, users' selfishness, number of involved subscribers, infecting ratio, and so on. We apply our proposed model to real-life traces to assess its reliability by comparing the theoretical results with measured statistics and present extensive upshots to evaluate the influence of various parameters on system performance. The results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed framework and reveal that system parameters of content size, system infecting ratio and intragroup transmission are the most important factors to influence the content dissemination delay.

Topic: Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the optimum spreading sequence and mismatched filter design for cellular CTDMA

The optimum design of spreading sequences and their mismatched despreading filters is investigated for cellular code time division multiple access (CTDMA) systems. The users in the same cell are separated by the classical CTDMA scheme (which assigns one single spreading sequence to all users of the same cell), while the users in adjacent cells are separated by the use of different cell-specific spreading sequences. The construction of these sequence sets is the main topic of this paper. Requirements on these sets can be derived from intra-and intercell interference parameters that determine the signal-to-interference ratio. It is shown that EACF sequence sets, i.e., sequence sets that yield equal aperiodic autocorrelation functions, provide an optimum intra- and intercell performance in a least square sense, They are compared with the code frequency division multiple access (CFDMA) cell separation technique, which offers more sequences on the price of a diminished intercell performance. Since the overall performance depends on the ratio of the intra-and intercell interference, we describe the optimization of the intercell interference behavior for general sequence sets.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High Quality Molecular Beam Epitaxial Regrowth of ZnSe on Se-Modified (100) GaAs Surfaces

We show that high quality MBE regrowth of ZnSe can be achieved on (100) GaAs surfaces that have been passivated outside the regrowth chamber with aqueous selenides. Good epitaxial regrowth of ZnSe on these Se-modified GaAs surfaces could be seen by reflection high energy electron diffraction and lattice images obtained by transmission electron microscopy reveal GaAs/ZnSe interfaces free of structural defects. We also show that these regrown interfaces are of high electronic quality with photoluminescence intensity measurements. The relatively low regrowth temperatures (270 and 350°C) combined with the wide band gap of ZnSe should make our scheme attractive for regrowth on many GaAs-based devices.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Field Deployed Ni-Amended Sediments Shows Varying Effects in Two Central MIchigan Streams

Most research on Ni contaminated sediments has occurred under laboratory conditions, which can lead to exposure to formulated water that is not representative of environmentally relevant conditions. For example, laboratory conditions don’t accurately represent natural fluctuations in temperature, light, or flow. The purpose of our study was to 1) assess the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni contaminated sediments to stream macroinvertebrate communities under in situ conditions and 2) compare these effects across two similar streams in close proximity of each other. Sediments were removed from two, second order streams in central Michigan (Black Creek (BC) and Little Molasses (LM)) that were similar in hardness, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and alkalinity. The sediments were directly spiked with Ni at two treatment levels, low nickel (210 mg/kg dry weight) and high nickel (1889 mg/kg dry weight), equilibrated for 10 days, and re-deployed in macroinvertebrate colonization baskets within the respective streams. Sediment geochemistry (e.g. AVS, SEMNi, total Ni, total Fe, and total Mn) and water quality measurements (e.g. hardness, alkalinity, pH, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) were determined at deployment and three successive sampling periods (14, 28, and 56 days post-deployment). In situ chambers with Hyallela azteca were used to conduct 96-h acute toxicity tests at day 0 and 14. In addition, we deployed a microbial decomposition test from day 0 to 14 to assess Ni effect on the microbial community. We found varying responses to Ni treatments in each stream. The 96-h acute toxicity tests only showed significant toxicity in the sediment-water interface exposure at day 0 for BC. Both Ni treatments adversely impacted the microbial community in BC, but not in LM. The benthic community recolonization response was limited with only the family Gammaridae showing a response to Ni treatment in both streams on day 14. Stepwise stream-dependent regression of the measured&#13;\n&#13;\nvariables showed that the SEMNi/AVS model of potential toxicity significantly predicted Gammaridae abundance in BC, but not LM. BC showed a trend of toxicity from Ni-amended sediments with increased mortality to H. azteca (acute exposure), the microbial community, and Gammaridae.

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Replication Data for: Are the Politics of the Christian Right Linked to State Rates of the Non-Religious? The Importance of Salient Controversy.

These data are sufficient to replicate the results in the article: Djupe, Paul A., Jacob R. Neiheisel, and Kimberly H. Conger. Forthcoming. “Are the Politics of the Christian Right Linked to State Rates of the Non-Religious? The Importance of Salient Controversy.” Political Research Quarterly

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of graphite morphology on dry sliding wear of flake graphite cast irons

AbstractAbstractFour flaky graphite cast irons of different graphite structures with a pearlitic matrix were prepared to clarify the graphite structure's influence on the dry sliding wear property. Two melts of cast iron with different carbon contents were solidified at two different cooling rates. The four resultant samples had type A flaky graphite or type D eutectic graphite structure with different graphite volume fractions and fully pearlitic matrixes. A pin on the disc type wear test evaluated the four samples' dry sliding wear properties. Results showed that the type D graphite structure wore down faster than the type A graphite structure did. The type of graphite morphology influenced the specimen wear rate as strongly as the graphite volume fraction did in flaky graphite cast irons of this experimental range.Keywords: GREY CAST IRONFLAKY GRAPHITEEUTECTIC GRAPHITEAUTOMOTIVE BRAKE DISCWEARMICROSTRUCTUREPEARLITIC MATRIX

Topic: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improved Equations of the Lagrange Top and Examples of Analytical Solutions

Equations of a heavy rotating body with one fixed point can be deduced starting from a variational problem with holonomic constraints. When applying this formalism to the particular case of a Lagrange top, in the formulation with a diagonal inertia tensor the potential energy has a more complicated form as compared with that assumed in the literature on dynamics of a rigid body. This implies the corresponding improvements in equations of motion. Therefore, we revised this case, presenting several examples of analytical solutions to the improved equations. The case of precession without nutation has a surprisingly rich relationship between the rotation and precession rates, which is discussed in detail.

Topic: Elasticity and Wave Propagation
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Optically Active 1-(α-Methylbenzyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea on Reactions of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Effects of the R- and S-isomers and racemate of 1-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (MBPU) were measured on phosphorylation and electron transport in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) mitochondria and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts.In chloroplasts, S-MBPU inhibited basal and methylamine-uncoupled electron transport with ferricyanide as the oxidant, both photoreduction and coupled photophosphorylation with water as the electron donor and with ferricyanide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as oxidants, and cyclic photophosphorylation with phenazine methosulfate as the electron mediator under an argon gas phase. With ascorbate 2,6-dichloro-phenolindophenol as the electron donor, phosphorylation coupled to NADP reduction was inhibited, but the reduction of NADP was not inhibited. The R-isomer of MBPU, like the S-isomer, inhibited all of the photophosphorylation reactions studied. However, unlike the S-isomer, the R-isomer either did not inhibit or was a very weak inhibitor of all photoreduction reactions. The effects of the MBPUs on the chloroplast reactions can be explained by action at two different sites: an optically specific site near photosystem II and the oxygen evolution pathway, and a second optically nonspecific site associated with the generation of ATP.In mitochondria, both the R- and S-isomers stimulated state 4 respiration, inhibited state 3 respiration, and released oligomycin-inhibited respiration with malate, succinate, and NADH as substrates. Both enantiomers were equally active in all studies with malate and succinate as substrates. However, with NADH as substrate, R-MBPU was a stronger inhibitor of state 3 respiration and a weaker stimulator of state 4 respiration than S-MBPU.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The study of the amplitudes of the fields excited linear grating horn irradiators

Розроблено методику дослідження амплітуд електромагнітного поля, збудженого у розкриві n-го випромінювача лінійної решітки при падінні плоскої електромагнітної хвилі, нормально поляризованої до площини падіння від довільно заданих джерел. З’ясовано, що за таких умов у розкриві будуть збуджуватись лише хвилі магнітного типу – $A^{H\perp}_{+0m_y}$. Амплітуда хвиль збуджена n-м випромінювачі практично не відрізняється від амплітуди центрального навіть з урахуванням відстані між ними. Наведені результати можна використати для дослідження більш складних прямокутних антенних решіток, що складаються з n-ї кількості лінійних.

Topic: Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resilience and Resistance of Vegetation in Response to Droughts in a Subtropical Humid Region Dominated by Karst

The resilience and resistance of vegetation are important indicators of the vegetation’s response to droughts. Owing to the uniqueness of the environment in humid karst areas, results from studies on other climatic zones may not necessarily present the status of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst areas. Herein, We calculated vegetation resilience and resistance by autoregressive modeling using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA), temperature (TA), precipitation (PRE) data, An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then conducted to compare the differences in resilience and resistance of different vegetation types in the study area, as well as the differences in resilience and resistance of vegetation in different sub-geomorphic zones. Finally, natural factors affecting vegetation resilience and resistance were quantified using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate the following points. First, vegetation resilience, total-water-storage anomaly resistance, and vegetation resistance against precipitation anomalies were lower in karst areas of the study area than in non-karst areas of the study area (except for vegetation resistance against temperature anomalies). Second, vegetation resilience was the lowest in some sub-geomorphic zones within karst areas, and it was still comparable to that in semiarid areas. Third, precipitation and temperature were important factors that affected the resilience and resistance of vegetation in karst areas, and the geochemical indicators (CaO, MgO, and SiO2) of soil parent material were major factors that affected the resistance and resilience of vegetation in non-karst areas. In summary, this study was undertaken to reveal the natural characteristics of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst regions. Our findings complement and expand the existing body of knowledge on vegetation resilience and resistance in other ecologically fragile zones limited by moisture.

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sequestration of mRNAs Modulates the Timing of Translation during Meiosis in Budding Yeast

Starvation of diploid cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces them to enter meiosis and differentiate into haploid spores. During meiosis, the precise timing of gene expression is controlled at the level of transcription, and also transla-tion. If cells are returned to rich medium after they have committed to meiosis, the transcript levels of most meiotically upregu-lated genes decrease rapidly. However, for a subset of transcripts whose translation is delayed until the end of meiosis II, termed protected transcripts, the transcript levels remain stable even after nutrients are reintroduced. The Ime2-Rim4 regulatory circuit controls both the delayed translation and the stability of protected transcripts. These protected mRNAs localize in discrete foci, which are not seen for transcripts of genes with different translational timing and are regulated by Ime2. These results suggest that Ime2 and Rim4 broadly regulate translational delay but that additional factors, such as mRNA localization, modulate this delay to tune the timing of gene expression to developmental transitions during sporulation. Formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells through thespecialized cell division of meiosis is central to the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. Gametogenesis involves exit from the mitotic cell cycle, progression through the meiotic divi-sions, and differentiation into specialized gametes that can later undergo fertilization to restore diploidy. In Saccharomyces cerevi-siae gametogenesis, haploid genomes are packaged into gametes

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of wind turbines dynamic model parameters using published manufacturer product data

Future wind energy high penetration levels in power systems require robust and practical control algorithms to protect the typical conventional system performance or even improve it. Constructing such feasible control methodologies requires practical, simplified and efficient dynamic simulators for several wind turbines types available in market. This paper offers a procedure to build a simulation tool for modern wind turbines. This simulation box is inspired from the GE 1.5 MW model built in the Simulink library. Three wind turbines types from the top and latest products of three different wind turbines industry tycoons are considered as case studies for the proposed methodology. MATLAB and Simulink are used as simulation environments for the presented experiments.

Topic: Real-time simulation and control systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anterior Chamber Rebubbling With Perfluoropropane (C3F8) After Failed Rebubbling Attempts for Persistent Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft Detachments

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of using C 3 F 8 as a tamponade agent for the attachment of partially detached Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts after failure of previous rebubbling attempts. Methods: Interventional case series. We reviewed the medical records of all DMEK surgeries performed at Rabin Medical Center (Petach Tikva, Israel) between January 2016 and December 2018 in which 10% C 3 F 8 tamponade was used for graft reattachments. Patient demographic details, indication for surgery, early postoperative endothelial cell loss, postoperative visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as graft survival were noted. Results: Five patients were included in this case series. Indications for DMEK were pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 3), failed penetrating graft (n = 1), and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (n = 1). In 4 of 5 cases, SF 6 tamponade was used at the end of the initial DMEK surgery. In 1 case, air tamponade was used. In all cases, partial graft detachment was seen 1 to 2 weeks postoperatively, and anterior chamber rebubbling was performed using 20% SF 6 gas. A second C 3 F 8 -assisted rebubbling was performed 10 to 70 days after the primary DMEK surgery. In all cases, complete graft attachment was achieved, and the corneas cleared. Early endothelial cell loss rates averaged at 44% ± 26% (range 20%–74%). One case which had a previous trabeculectomy with chronic preoperative and postoperative hypotony had failed 6 months after surgery. All the other grafts were clear at last visit. Conclusions: Tamponade using nonexpansile 10% C 3 F 8 gas can attach partially detached DMEK grafts after the failure of previous air- or SF 6 -assisted rebubbling attempts.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Want

In this paper, we present the Draw-and-Understand framework, exploring how to integrate visual prompting understanding capabilities into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Visual prompts allow users to interact through multi-modal instructions, enhancing the models' interactivity and fine-grained image comprehension. In this framework, we propose a general architecture adaptable to different pre-trained MLLMs, enabling it to recognize various types of visual prompts (such as points, bounding boxes, and free-form shapes) alongside language understanding. Additionally, we introduce MDVP-Instruct-Data, a multi-domain dataset featuring 1.2 million image-visual prompt-text triplets, including natural images, document images, scene text images, mobile/web screenshots, and remote sensing images. Building on this dataset, we introduce MDVP-Bench, a challenging benchmark designed to evaluate a model's ability to understand visual prompting instructions. The experimental results demonstrate that our framework can be easily and effectively applied to various MLLMs, such as SPHINX-X and LLaVA. After training with MDVP-Instruct-Data and image-level instruction datasets, our models exhibit impressive multimodal interaction capabilities and pixel-level understanding, while maintaining their image-level visual perception performance.

Topic: Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experiences of the maternal role and support in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement

Abstract In Sweden, when needed, children of mothers with cognitive limitations are placed in foster homes. There is a lack of knowledge about the mothers with cognitive limitations, their experiences of their maternal role, whether they get the support needed to maintain the relationship with their children, and whether the support system is adapted to mothers with cognitive limitations. The aim was to describe the experiences of the maternal role and support given in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Eleven respondents were interviewed with support from a study‐specific guide. A model representing the respondents' experiences revealed one theme “Struggling, dependent and frustrated mothers,” and three categories: I am a mother, I am dependent on an incomprehensible system, and I reluctantly accept my situation. Mothers with children in placement experience a threat to their identity and experience a need to alter their maternal role. They need adapted support to understand the decisions made and facilitate the cooperation with child protection services and the foster home. Offering service adapted to their cognitive limitations could be helpful for the struggling, dependent, and frustrated mothers.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Origin of the Child Healthcare in the East Coast of Sumatra, 1900s-1940s

This article aims to explore the issue of children’s healthcare in the context of colonial expansion on the East Coast of Sumatra. At the early of the 20th century, the birth rate, children, and maternal healthcare have become important issues in discussing health conditions in plantations in East Sumatra. It was a significant shift concerning the realm of East Sumatra plantation health and medical research due to since in the pioneering time, plantation’s medical institutions merely focused on the health of adult male coolies. The phenomenon of high rate of infant mortality in the early 20th century has become a new health problem in the East Coast of Sumatra Plantation. The plantation companies convincing to take further care of the children’s health as it will give a direct effect on plantation hygiene and population growth of the region. In the East Coast of Sumatra, children’s healthcare discourse was a proxy of the colonial capitalism interest, hygiene problems, and needs of population growth.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences