jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve)

Abstract The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain.

Topic: Soil and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Establishment and characterization of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat erythroleukemia cell lines.

To investigate molecular mechanisms and biological behaviors of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat erythroleukemia, we established 8 new culture cell lines from 7 primary erythroleukemias. We designated them KYD-10, 12, 17, 32, 38, 44A, 44B, and 49. Representative clones isolated from each cell line in early passage were analyzed cytogenetically and genetically. All cell lines except KYD-12 possessed the specific N-ras mutation at the 2nd base of codon 61. Four of them showed #2 trisomy (KYD-10, 32, 38, 44B), and the rest normal diploid karyotype (2n). KYD-32 cells showed Robertson type II #2 trisomy which had never been clonally isolated in vitro although it was reported in some DMBA leukemias in vivo. We further studied the genomic imbalance related to the N-ras allele using mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method. Deletion of normal N-ras allele was found in 5 of 8 cell lines. KYD-32 and 38 retained the normal N-ras allele. The specific N-ras mutation and allelic loss of wild type N-ras were correlated with advanced cell proliferation in culture probably independent of #2 trisomy.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Muconic Acid Production <i>via</i> Alternative Pathways and a Synthetic “Metabolic Funnel”

Muconic acid is a promising platform biochemical and precursor to adipic acid, which can be used to synthesize various plastics and polymers. In this study, the systematic construction and comparative evaluation of a modular network of non-natural pathways for muconic acid biosynthesis was investigated in Escherichia coli, including via three distinct and novel pathways proceeding via phenol as a common intermediate. However, poor recombinant activity and high promiscuity of phenol hydroxylase ultimately limited "phenol-dependent" muconic acid production. A fourth pathway proceeding via p-hydroxybenzoate, protocatechuate, and catechol was accordingly developed, though with muconic acid titers by this route reaching just 819 mg/L, its performance lagged behind that of the established, "3-dehydroshikimiate-derived" route. Finally, these two most promising pathways were coexpressed in parallel to create a synthetic "metabolic funnel" that, by enabling maximal net precursor assimilation and flux while preserving native chorismate biosynthesis, nearly doubled muconic acid production to up to >3.1 g/L at a glucose yield of 158 mg/g while introducing only a single auxotrophy. This generalizable, "funneling" strategy is expected to have broad applications in metabolic engineering for further enhancing production of muconic acid, as well as other important bioproducts of interest.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevention of Cephalosporin Nephrotoxicity by Other Cephalosporins and by Penicillins Without Significant Inhibition of Renal Cortical Uptake

Prevention of cephalosporin nephrotoxicity in animal models by probenecid or p-aminohippurate requires treatment regimen that produce sustained inhibition of cortical accumulation of the toxic antibiotic. In contrast, cephaloridine nephrotoxicity in the rabbit can be prevented by a limited single dose of cephalothin. In the present report further studies were done in which it was demonstrated that cephaloridine nephrotoxicity can be prevented by doses of other cephalosporins or penicillins that produce little or no reduction of the cortical concentrations of toxic cephalosporin. More limited studies revealed similar protection by benzylpenicillin against cephaloglycin, also without reduction of cortical concentration. Finally, similar limited-dose administration of penicillin eliminated tha additive toxicity of cefazolin and neomycin. This selective protection against the toxic cephalosporins by the less toxic or nontoxic cephalosporins and by the penicillins, without inhibition of overall cortical accumulation of the toxic antibiotic, may provide a subcellular probe for the study of the molecular basis of cephalosporin nephrotoxicity.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design of a new Kaplan pico-turbine runner bades

Within the frame of the design of a pico-hydro power plant for developing countries, the University of Applied Sciences of Fribourg (Switzerland) aims to develop a low-cost Kaplan turbine with a power output of at least 1 kW. The current paper presents the study and the results of the development of this new turbine as well as the seeming paradox to use advanced simulation technics in order to design a low-cost turbine. At first, a turbine with NACA profiled blades was designed to obtain the best performance. Numerical simulations (CFD) and experimental tests were performed to characterize the turbine performance. The first prototype is manufactured by a 5-axis CNC machine. Nevertheless, in developing countries this technology is not accessible and therefore, a new approach for the design has to be considered and applied. The manufacturing processes within these countries is studied and presented. The best known manufacturing techniques for those countries are those based on metal sheets and welding. Hence, a pico-turbine which can be completely realized using these techniques is designed and investigated. The challenge was to determine the optimal thickness, the guide blade angle and the best bending of the runner blades, which are then welded on a hub. The turbine performance is characterized by CFD simulations. By varying the parameters mentioned above, the best compromise between feasibility and performance is found. The results show that the low-cost turbine has a reduced mechanical power of 50 % compared to the standard turbine. Nevertheless, the achieved overall power output is by far sufficient for the intended application and the simplicity of design guarantees an uncomplicated maintenance. Currently, the concept is being validated and tested in Madagascar. Besides the use in developing countries, the turbine has the potential to be installed in mountain regions or any other isolated regions within developed countries.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of destruction specific energy for characterisation of concrete paving blocks

Concrete interlocking paving blocks (CIPB) are used in a variety of commercial, municipal and industrial applications. This study aimed to develop a prescription (optimum parameters of aggregate proportion, water/cement (w/c) ratio and dosage) for producing CIPB based on destruction specific energy (SE des ), strength, hardness and abrasion resistance. In developing countries, CIPB are being produced by a trial and error method, which results in uneconomical and low engineering properties. This may arise as a result of the lack of confidence and the lack of technical experience in the CIPB field. In order to gain these qualifications, optimum water/cement (w/c) ratio and dosages, and optimum aggregate characteristics at different ages are determined for CIPB within the scope of the presented study. Recently defined SE des , which is estimated from the area (integral) under the stress–strain envelope in unconfined compression test, is used. The splitting and flexural tensile strengths, rebound hardness and abrasion resistance results showed consistency with the SE des . The optimum parameters of aggregate proportion, w/c ratio and dosage are obtained. Accordingly, the application of SE des for production of CIPB results in lower cost and higher quality engineering properties for CIPB.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bilaterally slipped capital femoral epiphysis in growth hormone-deficient patient: osteosynthesis also needs the oestrogen epiphyseal fusion- case report

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationship between cytokine levels and clinical classification of gastric cancer.

Complex symptoms often make it difficult to choose optimized strategies suitable for gastric patients. Therefore, molecular markers are needed to assist doctor' s diagnoses. In this study, to determine if the mRNA levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with gastric cancer were correlated with their various stages, gastric patients, patients with benign gastric disease, and heathy people were recruited for detection of cytokine mRNA levels. Only the relative levels in comparison with levels of each patient's own α-actin were subjected to further statistical analyses. We found that there were significantly more positive detection of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 mRNA expression in stage III and IV than those in patients with gastic cancer in stage I and II. It was also found that IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 mRNA expression in patients with low-level differentiations possessed significantly higher positive detection ratios than patients with moderate or high-level differentiation. These results suggest that positive detection of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA may be useful as a molecular marker approach for distinguishing the stage II and III of gastric cancer, as well as low-level and moderate cancer differentiation.

Topic: Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Coevolution as a Research Framework for Organizations and the Natural Environment

Coevolution is an established research framework in the biological and evolutionary sciences, and though a new entrant to organization studies, it holds potential to transform the field (Lewin et al., 2003). Its fundamental premise is that entities or organizations evolve in relation to their environments while at the same time these environments evolve in relation to them. This paper argues that a coevolutionary approach is particularly well suited for research on organizations and the natural environment (O&amp;NE), and that O&amp;NE scholars may make significant contributions to organization theory from this perspective. However, this potential depends upon developing and maintaining a clear distinction between coevolution as a verb, or broad logic (a.k.a. macro coevolution), and coevolution as a noun, or specific mechanism (a.k.a. micro coevolution). In building these arguments the paper develops a definition and research framework for coevolutionary research and discusses theoretical and practical implications for O&amp;NE.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship between TSH Levels and the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA–Brasil)

The relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipoprotein subfractions by Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein profiles according to TSH levels in euthyroid individuals.<b>Material and Methods</b>: Cross-sectional analysis of 3,525 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with no previous thyroid disease and who were not on lipid-lowering medication. Total-cholesterol and its fractions, lipoprotein subfractions, triglycerides, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol [TRL-C (VLDL<sub>1+2</sub>-C, VLDL<sub>3</sub>-C, IDL-C)] were determined by VAP. Associations between TSH quintiles and lipoprotein subfractions were evaluated by crude and adjusted linear regression models.<b>Results</b>: For the total sample, significant beta-coefficients in full adjusted models for the 5<sup>th</sup> quintile of TSH (compared to 1<sup>st</sup>) were found for the following VAP lipids and lipoproteins: IDL-C (β: 0.90; 0.11 to 1.69); VLDL-C (β: 2.80; 1.51 to 4.08), triglycerides (β: 18.66; 8.07 to 29.25), non-HDL-C (β: 4.63; 0.50 to 8.75 mg/dl), TRL-C (β:1.93;0.70 to 3.17), VLDL<sub>3</sub>-C (β: 1.04; 0.50 to 1.57), as well as, TC/HDL-C (β: 0.15; 0.03 to 0.26) and TG/HDL-C ratio (β: 0.49;0.21 to 0.77). In women, similar results were found for VLDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, TRL-C, VLDL<sub>3</sub>-C, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C-ratios. In men, we also found positive associations between the highest quintile of TSH with VLDL-C, triglycerides, VLDL<sub>3</sub>-C and TG/HDL-C.<b>Conclusions</b>: In the ELSA-Brasil, the highest TSH levels were mostly positively associated with lipoprotein levels, particularly TG, TRL and their remnants. Notwithstanding, our findings suggest that TSH levels within the normal range have little impact on the atherogenic profile.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS STUDENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES

The main purpose of this article is to represent the results of research in which 66 third class students took part. The main valuable attitudes of scholars are showed. Analysis of the results revealed that primary school student scanidentify tragedy of life, can name feelings and senses, reasons which cause particular consequences. The fact that the majority of surveyed third class students had positive endings (78,8 %) in their works, shows that student stend to protect an drespectlife. Even works with negative endings showed that authors have a sense of reality, can realize tragedy when life can not be saved. Empathy develops compassion, altruism and compassion; it is foundation of many moral decisionsandactions, so it has to be developed. Key words: valuable attitudes, sentence completion method, primary school, third class students.

Topic: Educational Practices and Challenges
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Improved Underwater Earphone

Am inproved underwater earphone, insensitive to depth, has been developed following the theoretical approaches reported earlier [B. B. Bauer and E. L. Torick, “Calibration and Analysis of Underwater Earphones by Loudness Balance Method,”J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 39, 35–39 (1966)]. This new transducer offers good efficiency and yields speech reproduction comparable to most air acoustic earphones. The earphone design provides tympanic, rather than bone-conduction sensing, thereby providing directional signal information to the listener. Pairs of these devices have been used successfully in a directional communication system for underwater swimmers. Threshold levels and some man-earphone equal loudness contours were obtained for this device.

Topic: Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Species composition and distribution patterns of the Mangrove forests of the Western Niger Delta, Nigeria

This study examined species composition and occurrence pattern among mangroves across the Western Niger Delta. Vegetation measurements were carried out in one hundred quadrats of 20m by 20m. Rhizophora spp was dominant in Burutu, Opuama, Kurutie, Control (Importance Value Index =300, 177.28, 237.65, 300). A.germinans was dominant in Agge (IVI =183.03). Adult Rhizophora spp were dispersed in Agge, Burutu, Control (Morisita Index =0.25, 1.02, 0.025). Adult A. germinans were dispersed in Kurutie, Opuama, Agge (MI =0.07, 0.08, 0.26). Rhizophora spp juveniles were clustered in Agge, Burutu, Opuama, Kurutie, Control (MI =1.17, 1.86, 1.47, 1.9, 1.14). A. germinans juveniles were dispersed in Kurutie, Agge (MI =0.06, 0.69). Restoration and conservation programs should be established.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery versus Sternotomy - Pain Investigation

Abstract Background: Treatment of postoperative (PO) pain is essential after surgery, as it contributes to a faster rehabilitation. Assessment of PO pain after minimally invasive (MI) surgery has not been regularly addressed, especially when compared with median sternotomy (MS). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the intensity of thoracic pain in the PO period in patients subjected to MI surgery and MS. Methods: This study compared the intensity of thoracic pain in 34 patients subjected to minimally invasive (MI; n = 17) and median sternotomy (MS; n = 17) from June 2015 to June 2016. The intensity and sites of pain in the PO period, assessed using the visual numeric pain scale, and the need for pain medications were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and the z test, with confidence level of 95% (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Almost all patients reported pain on the third PO day (MS = 94.1% and MI = 88.2%; p = 0.5410). On the seventh PO day, there were significantly more patients free of pain in the group of patients subjected to the MI procedure (MS = 94.1% and MI = 64.7%; p = 0.0341). also, these patients reported fewer pain sites (3rd PO day: MS = 3.2 ± 1.5; MI = 1.5 ± 1.2; p = 0.001; 7th PO day: MS = 3.1 ± 1.4; MI = 0.9 ± 0.9; p = 0.000). Patients undergoing MS reported higher pain intensity and longer lasting pain (3rd PO: MS = 4.8 ± 2.2; MI = 3.0 ± 1.6; 7th PO: MS = 5.3 ± 2.0; MI = 1.2 ± 1.3; p = 0.001), with no difference in pain intensity between the third and the seventh PO days (p = 0.4931). In addition, patients subjected to MI procedure had a significant decrease in pain intensity from the third to the seventh PO days (p = 0.001). Conclusion: According to these results, we concluded that a MI procedure leads to lower intensity of pain in the PO period (from the third PO day on) when compared to a MS; also, patients undergoing MI patients reported fewer pain sites.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE HIOCHI-BACTERIA, SPECIFIC SAPROPHYTES OF SAKE

Further examinations have been carried out for identification and classification of hiochi-bacteria, from the stand point of lactic acid-bacteriology.The characteristics of 'true hiochi-bacllli', both homo- and heterofermenters, do not coincide with those of any species which have hitherto been known. So the authors have proposed the names Lactobacillus homohiochii and L. heterohiochii nov. sp. respectively.The 64 strains used throughout this research are classified as follows:Spheres: Heterofermenting D-lactic acid former.....Leuconostoc mesenteroides (1 strain).Rods: Heterofermenting, as a rule DL-formers.Hiochic acid independent, xylose is fermented..... Lactobacillus fermentum (4 strains).Hiochic acid essential, ferment only glucose and fructose.....Lactobacillus heterohiochii n. sp. (44 strains)HomofermentingHiochic acid independent, pentose-fermenting, DL-former....Lactobacillus plantarum (1 strain).pentoses not fermented, DL+L-former....Lactobacillus acidophilus (3 strains).Hiochic acid promotive, D+DL-formers.....Lactobacillus homohiochii varieties (4 strains).Hiochic acid essential, D- or D+DL-formers....Lactobacillus homohiochii n, sp. (7 strains).

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of a patient‐centered reverse translational systems‐based approach to understand mechanisms of an adverse drug reaction of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Abstract Immunotherapy became a key pillar of cancer therapeutics with the approvals of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, which inhibit either cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) or programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) that are negative regulators of T‐cell activation. However, boosting T‐cell activation is often accompanied by autoimmunity, leading to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including high grade 3–4 colitis and its severe complications whose prevalence may reach 14% for combination checkpoint inhibitors. In this research, we investigated how mechanistic differences between anti‐CTLA‐4 (ipilimumab) and anti‐PD‐1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) affect colitis, a general class toxicity. The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing colitis. Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the statistical relevance between adverse events of interest and molecular causation. We verified that the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug is associated with an approximately three‐fold higher proportional reporting ratio associated with colitis than those of the anti‐PD‐1 drugs. The signal of the molecular mechanisms, including signaling pathways of inflammatory cytokines, was statistically insignificant to test the hypothesis that the severer rate of colitis associated with ipilimumab would be due to a greater magnitude of T‐cell activation as a result of earlier response of the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug in the immune response. This patient‐centered systems‐based approach provides an exploratory process to better understand drug pair adverse events at pathway and target levels through reverse translation from postmarket surveillance safety reports.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences