jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Field Test Research on Environmental Noise Characteristics in the Throat Area of Metro Depot

Environmental noise pollution is the primary environmental problem faced by the superstructure of metro depots. The throat area of depot is prone to high wheel-rail impact noise due to the use of seam lines, multiple joints, turnouts and small radius curves. The noise exerts through fire and ventilation openings on the side walls, which may cause high annoyance to the residents in the superstructures both on the upper cover and surrounding areas. In this paper, a field test was condected on the environmental noise in the throat area of metro depot. The noise of the trackside and adjacent open space were recorded, and the time-frequency domain characteristics and statistical characteristics and attenuation law of the noise generated by train operation in the throat area were analyzed. The research results have certain guiding significance for the prediction and control of noise in the throat area of the depot.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of the AMSA injection using a computerized device in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anesthetic effectiveness of the Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar (AMSA) injection administered through a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) and compare with the traditional buccal and palatal injections used to anaesthetize maxillary primary molars. MATERIALS and METHODS:The sample included 80 primary maxillary molars. The group was divided into eight subgroups, each comprised often teeth. The effectiveness of the technique was measured and compared in lsl and 2nd primary molars for pulpotomy or extraction treatments through the sounds, eyes and motor scale (SEM), where the evaluator was blinded from the anesthetic technique. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: The AMSA injection with the CCLAD was found to be effective in anesthetizing maxillary primary molars in pulpotomy and extraction procedures. There was no significant difference between the two anesthetic techniques except in the step of gingival retraction buccally in which the traditional injections were more effective than the CCLAD dUring extractions. No significant difference was found between both primary molars in the anesthetic effectiveness of both techniques. CONCLUSION: The AMSA injection using CCLAD was found to be effective in children. However, further research in this field is necessary.

Topic: Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Equivariant differential operators on spinors in conformal geometry

We present a novel approach to the classification of conformally equivariant differential operators on spinors in the case of homogeneous conformal geometry. It is based on the classification of solutions for a vector-valued system of partial differential equations, associated to $\mathcal{D}$-modules for the homogeneous conformal structure and controlled by the spin Howe duality for the orthogonal Lie algebras.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The chronology of the Athenian New Style Coinage

Miss M. Thompson has now placed at our disposal a far greater body of evidence for studying the Athenian New Style coinage than was previously available. This is a service which cannot be underestimated. Nevertheless it is my belief that her evidence can be differently interpreted. She begins the coinage in 196/5 and ends it in 88/7.1 propose to argue here for a beginning c. 164 and an end towards the end of the Roman Republic.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interviewing children for the purposes of research in primary care

Interviewing can provide unique opportunities for professionals to gain some understanding of the child's subjective experience, where other means of data collection are inappropriate and other sources of data are less valid. This article is concerned with the principles and practicalities of interviewing children for the purposes of health-related research. It draws on the knowledge gained from three decades of research involving interviewing young people in many contexts, including health care, social welfare and child protection. A conceptual framework is presented to illustrate the interactive and iterative processes that occur between interviewer and interviewee, and the pivotal importance of context in shaping any interaction. The influences of the young person's linguistic, cognitive and social skills are discussed. The effects of the gender and ethnicity of both the researcher and the researched are considered in relation to the conduct of the interview, and the influence of adult biases and perspectives on the evaluation and interpretation of data is explored.

Topic: Children's Rights and Participation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spin-induced non-geodesic motion, gyroscopic precession, Wigner rotation and EPR correlations of massive spin 1/2 particles in a gravitational field

We investigate in a covariant manner the spin-induced non-geodesic motion of massive spin 1/2 particles in an arbitrary gravitational field for trajectories that are initially geodesic when spin is ignored. Using the WKB approximation for the wave function in curved spacetime, we compute the O(hbar) correction to the Wigner rotation of the spin 1/2 particle, whose O(1) contribution is zero on timelike geodesics. We develop conditions for the motion of observers in which the Wigner rotation is null. For the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild metric, we consider specific examples of particle motion in the equatorial plane for (i) circular orbits and (ii) radially infalling trajectories. For the former case we consider the entanglement for a perfectly anti-correlated EPR entangled pair of spins as the separate qubits traverse the circular orbit in same direction.

Topic: Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Homelessness and Health Disparities

A graduate level nursing course was enhanced by adding photo voice methodology to explore cultural dimensions of health care delivery in urban and rural settings. Photo voice enables the student to record community strengths and concerns. It promotes critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs and ultimately reach policymakers (Wang &amp; Burris, 1997).Three of twenty-seven exposures, represent the raw, uncut harsh realities of homelessness in the heart of downtown Houston, Texas. In a city, known for the largest medical center in the world, health disparities are seen on nearly every corner. Healthcare and accessibility to healthcare services for the homeless are scarce and not effectively utilized. Deplorable, unsanitary environments are breathing grounds for infection and communicable diseases. Substance abuse and mental health disorders negatively impact the lives of many. Within the homeless community, chronic diseases are usually not diagnosed or poorly managed possibly due to poor follow-up and/or healthcare accessibility. There is an abundance of healthcare services, but for whatever unforeseen circumstances, health promotion does not appear to be prevalent within the homeless community.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1566496: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The dexamethasone suppression test in psychotic disorders

Dexamethasone suppression tests were given to 69 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients. Nonsuppression rates for depression with or without melancholia and for schizophrenia were similar to those previously reported, but for mania and other psychoses the frequencies were higher than expected.

Topic: Treatment of Major Depression
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Qualitative Study of Attitudes Toward Healthy Eating Habits and Factors Limiting Food Choices Among the Elderly Living in Mountainous areas

本研究は中山間地域在住高齢者の健康な食の考え方と食品選択における制限要因を，計量テキスト分析にて明らかにすることを目的とした。地域在住の高齢者を対象にインタビューを行ない，健康な食についての考え方と多様な食品摂取の制限要因を聞き取った。計量テキスト分析の結果，健康な食の考え方は【健康と食事のバランスについての考え方】，【納豆，野菜，肉，魚についての考え方】，【自分で気をつけること】の3つのカテゴリとして解釈された。多様な食品摂取の制限要因は【値段が高いという要因】，【肉と魚に関する制限要因】，【芋に関する制限要因】の3つのカテゴリとして解釈された。高齢者の健康な食の考え方として食事全体や食品毎の考え方が抽出され，食生活の制限要因として経済的要因，肉と魚や芋に関する要因の存在が明らかになった。地域住民個人の生活背景について捉えたうえで戦略的な栄養改善の展開が必要だと考えられる。

Topic: Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Improved Transfer Coefficients for Wall-Flow Monolithic Catalytic Reactors: Energy and Momentum Transport

Wall-flow monolithic (WFM) catalytic reactors occupy an ever increasing important position in environmental and industrial catalysis as well as in energy applications. Their performance is very frequently determined by transport (momentum, energy, and mass) limitations, driven by the market needs for lower pressure drop, efficient heat exploitation, and miniaturization. In the present problem we address the problem of deriving the appropriate single channel equations that describe heat transfer in a wall-flow monolithic (WFM) reactor with porous channels of square-cross section. The first step of the study involves setting up a self-similar hydrodynamic problem for the two-dimensional flow field in the channel cross section. This flow field depends only on the so-called wall Reynolds number. It is shown that the self-similarity fails for large values of wall Reynolds number. The second step involves setting up the Graetz problem for the flow velocity profile found in the first step and solving for the asymptotic Nusselt number. This Nusselt number depends on the Prandtl number in addition to the wall Reynolds dependence through the flow-field. Correlations for the Nusselt number as a function of wall Reynolds and Prandtl numbers are given to facilitate the inclusion of these effects into standard practice.

Topic: Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli pabB indicates a common evolutionary origin of p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase

Biochemical and immunological experiments have suggested that the Escherichia coli enzyme p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase are structurally related. Both enzymes are composed of two nonidentical subunits. Anthranilate synthetase is composed of proteins encoded by the genes trp(G)D and trpE, whereas p-aminobenzoate synthetase is composed of proteins encoded by pabA and pabB. These two enzymes catalyze similar reactions and produce similar products. The nucleotide sequences of pabA and trp(G)D have been determined and indicate a common evolutionary origin of these two genes. Here we present the nucleotide sequence of pabB and compare it with that of trpE. Similarities are 26% at the amino acid level and 40% at the nucleotide level. We propose that pabB and trpE arose from a common ancestor and hence that there is a common ancestry of genes encoding p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 664825: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hardness and Oxidation Resistance of Ti0.33Al0.67N/CrN Nano-multilayered Superlattice Coatings

Ti0.33Al0.67N/CrN nano-multilayers, which are known to have excellent wear resistance, were prepared using an unbalanced magnetron sputter to have various periods of 2-5 nm. Ti0.33Al0.67N had a hexagonal structure in a single layer, but converted to a cubic structure by forming a multilayer with CrN, which has a cubic structure. Thus, Ti0.33Al0.67N formed a superlattice in the multilayer. The Ti0.33Al0.67/CrN multilayer with a period of 2.5 nm greatly exceeded the hardness of the Ti0.33Al0.67N and the CrN single layer, reaching 39 GPa. According to the low angle X-ray diffraction results, the Ti0.33Al0.67N/CrN multilayer maintained its as-coated structure to a temperature as high as 700Â°C and exhibited hardness of 30 GPa. The thickness of the oxide layer of the Ti0.33Al0.67N/CrN multilayered coating was less than one-tenth of those of the single layers. Thus, Ti0.33Al0.67N/CrN multilayered coating had hardness and oxidation resistance far superior to those of its constituent single layers. Key words: Ti0.33Al0.67N, CrN, Multilayer, Hardness, Oxidation resistance

Topic: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Principe local-global pour les zéro-cycles sur certaines fibrations au-dessus d'une courbe : I

Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a number field, fibered over a curve, with geometrically integral fibers. We prove that, supposing the finiteness of $\sha(Jac(C))$, if the fibers over a generalised Hilbertian subset satisfy the Hasse principle (resp. weak approximation), then the Brauer-Manin obstruction coming from the base curve is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle (resp. to weak approximation) for zero-cycles of degree 1 on $X$.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Sustainability of GCC Development Under the New Global Oil Order

This chapter reviews the development experiences of the six GCC countries, which managed to avoid the explicit consequences of the resource curse. This seems to defy the prediction of the received literature for resource-endowed societies that lack political institutions for ensuring inclusiveness and accountability in managing the resource rents. We subscribe to the argument that the unusually high rents per capita of the scale available for the GCC seems to have been associated with a developmental, if non-democratic, political equilibrium. However, the dependence of the GCC political set, and consequently its development model, on the availability of exorbitantly high rents per capita is likely to complicate the prospects for future sustainability, particularly under the new emerging "global oil order", which is expected to be characterized by an eventual low oil price equilibrium.

Topic: Natural Resources and Economic Development
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of epidermal growth factor, interleukin-1 and lipid peroxidation in healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats

The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and of lipid peroxides (TBARS) in the development and healing of experimental gastric ulcer in the rat. In 66 male Sprague Dowley rats, gastric ulcer was induced by means of the serosal application of 100% acetic acid. The animals were followed up for 1 (6 cases), 3 (6) and 5 (6) hours, and 1 (6 cases), 2 (6), 3 (7), 5 (6), 10 (6) 15 (6) and 21 (6) days. Five animals were sham operated. Samples from the ulcer margin (U), from an ulcer adjacent area (UAA) and from the antrum (A) were obtained. All treated animals developed gastric ulcer, evident just after one hour; the ulcer progressively healed and after 21 days all were scarred. Mucosal U-EGF significantly increased immediately after ulcer induction; it progressively and slowly decreased paralleling ulcer scarring. UAA-EGF and A-EGF behaved likewise: they significantly increased after 1, 3 and 5 hours and returned to normal levels just 1 day after ulcer induction. Variations in mucosal IL-1 were similar to those in EGF, a correlation being found between these two parameters. The EGF serum levels of rats with ulcers of 1 and 5 hours, were significantly lower than those of controls. One day after ulcer induction, U-TBARS levels were increased, and the high levels persisted, even when the ulcers had healed. In conclusion: (1) the rapid increase in mucosal EGF occurring in the presence of gastric ulcer may be consequent to an enhanced local and/or submandibular production; (2) the parallel behaviour between EGF and IL-1 suggests that this cytokine may play a role in stimulating EGF production; (3) chronic gastric ulcer is associated with an enhancement of lipid peroxidation phenomena, which persist after healing and which may create a “loci minoris resistentiae”.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Meat and carcass quality in two pig lines of different stress-susceptibility genotype and their crosses

Abstract In order to investigate differences in carcass and meat quality between lines of different stress susceptibility, 150 pigs were slaughtered on 15 slaughter days, consisting of equal numbers of stress-susceptible (nn) pigs of a boar line, stress-resistant (NN) pigs of a sow line and stress-carrier (Nn) crosses of these two lines. Carcass quality was determined by a SKGII-device which combined four physical measurements into a carcass lean estimate and a conformation score, and meat quality traits were measured on the carcass and on a loin slice. Killing-out proportion was lower for the NN line compared with the Nn crosses and the nn line. Lean content increased and conformation score improved as the number of n alleles in the respective genotypes increased but the Nn genotype was closer to the nn genotype than to the NNgenotype. Similarly, a large difference in meat quality was found between the NN and the nn line, whereas the difference in meat quality between the Nn and the nn genotype was smaller than expected. This was probably due to the low-voltage stunning procedure. In addition, the method of transporting the pigs to the abattoir (by truck or by foot, for a distance 125 m) had a pronounced effect on meat quality in the loin.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Absence of vapor-liquid-solid growth during molecular beam epitaxy of self-induced InAs nanowires on Si

The growth mechanism of self-induced InAs nanowires (NWs) grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and ex situ scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Abrupt morphology transition and in-plane strain relaxation revealed that InAs NWs nucleate without any significant delay and under the absence of indium (In) droplets. These findings are independent of the As/In-flux ratio, revealing entirely linear vertical growth rate and nontapered NWs. No evidence of In droplets nor associated change in the NW apex morphology was observed for various growth termination procedures. These results highlight the absence of vapor-liquid-solid growth, providing substantial benefits for realization of atomically abrupt doping and composition profiles in future axial InAs-based NW heterostructures on Si.

Topic: Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Associations between infant regulation and childhood mental health concerns in a large, prospective, community cohort

Objective: To determine whether unique profiles of infant regulation (sleeping, crying, feeding problems) could be identified at 12 months of age, and if so, whether these were associated with mental health concerns at five and 11 years of age.\n\nStudy design: Infant regulation was examined at 12 months of age (n=1759), and data on child mental health symptoms was gathered at age five (n=1002) and 11 years (n=871), via a longitudinal community cohort study. Latent Class Analysis was used to examine regulation profiles and regression analyses examined associations with child mental health symptoms.\n\nResults: Analyses identified five profiles of infant regulation, including those that were severely unsettled (3.4%), moderately unsettled (13.2%), had sleep problems (25.4%), tantrums (21.3%), or were settled (36.8%). Compared to the settled group, children in the severely unsettled group had greater than 9 times the odds of reporting clinically significant mental health symptoms at five years of age (OR 9.35, 95% CI 2.49 to 35.11, p&lt;0.01) and this increased to greater than 10 times the odds by 11 years of age (OR 10.37, 95% CI 3.74 to 28.70, p&lt;0.01).\n\nConclusion: Twelve month old infants with multiple moderate to severe regulatory problems are at greatly increased risk for clinically significant mental health concerns during childhood. Clinicians treating infants with sleep problems should enquire about other problematic regulatory behaviours, and if present, should offer referral to intervention and support services as appropriate.

Topic: Infant Health and Development
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Stereoselective α-Hydroxylation of Cyclohexanecarbonitriles

Abstract The traditional approach to the synthesis of cyanohydrins from carbonyl compounds was augmented by a recent approach involving the α-hydroxylation of nitriles.1 Each synthetic method possesses certain limitations and yet offers distinct advantages in scope.2 Although both methods provide useful syntheses of cyanohydrins of cyclohexanones, it was of interest to contrast the stereoselectivity of the nitrile and ketone approach in cyclohexyl systems.

Topic: Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulating Variable System Structures for Engineering Emergence

The chapter presents an overview to technical systems with self-x characteristics that shows emergent behavior based on the Organic Computing approach that has been developed during a German Research Foundation (DFG) founded a priority program between 2005 and 2011. Observer/controller is being taken as reference architecture for understanding emergence in technical systems. Engineering emergence requires a control with changing the structure of the systems of interest. Simulation is now not only a tool for designing such systems but also becoming a part of them in order to supply data about dynamic system behavior. Thence, the call for approaches to simulate variable system structures is bolder than ever. Engineering emergent systems further requires such approaches to be available and seamlessly integrated with simulation tools for technical systems, such as MATLAB/Simulink.

Topic: Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences