jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Food traceability in the context of Karoo lamb : supply chain and consumer perspectives

As food markets have become more globalised, consumers have become more concerned about the origin of the foods they eat by accommodating the importance of establishing a link between the product, the producer and the place of production, and these are gaining momentum in the food industry. This paper describes the product attributes that could influence the decision making process of consumers towards purchasing a specific type of meat, namely Karoo lamb. Karoo lamb is the product of specifically reared lambs in the Karoo region of South Africa and has a distinctive taste. The information used in this paper was obtained in the first phase of a research endeavour involving three focus groups. They were conducted to identify the product attributes that were critical in influencing the consumers’ preferences and choices regarding Karoo lamb. In phase two conjoint analysis was used to measure the importance that individual consumers attach to the various product attributes and their denominations, and the utility they then attach to it based on their valuation of the product as a whole. Price, as an extrinsic attribute, was identified as the most important factor in the decision making process of consumers when purchasing lamb. Safety and quality were also relatively important although, of the two, food safety was clearly the more important consideration. This is not surprising given the legacy of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, and e-coli outbreaks that, in the past, received considerable publicity, especially in the press. The attribute “origin” was rated as of the lowest importance. Traceability can be meaningful to consumers although in an indirect manner. The importance of traceability to consumers is mostly in terms of its benefits such as providing information on safety and quality, in relation to aspects that they think are important regarding food in general. In terms of meat especially, there is a need for fast and reliable traceability. From origin to the user, the end consumer, provision of safe and high quality food is imperative.

Topic: Food Supply Chain Traceability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studying the Context Effect of Family Norms on Gender Role Attitudes: an Experimental Design

The measurement of gender role attitudes has been found to be problematic in previous studies, especially in comparative perspective. The present study adopts a novel approach and investigates the position of the gender role attitudes scale in the questionnaire as a potential source of bias. In particular, the present study aims at assessing the context effect of the family norms question on the measurement of gender role attitudes by adopting the theoretical perspective of the construal model of attitudes, according to which the adjacent questions constitute the context for interpreting and answering a stimulus. The study employs data from the CROss-National Online Survey panel, which was fielded in 2017 and contained an experiment where the order of the questions under investigation varied. The reliability, validity and invariance of the measurement of gender role attitudes across experimental settings and countries (Estonia, Great Britain and Slovenia) are explored adopting several analytical techniques, such as regression models and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Differences between experimental settings emerged, suggesting that the questionnaire context matters for the validity and stability of the gender role attitudes items; however, the lack of patterns hinders general conclusions on what is the order of questions yielding better measurement of the gender role attitudes scale. Clear differences among the countries indicate that the cultural context may interact with the question context. Finally, we stress that the measurement is overall poor, urging to find a better formulation of the items measuring gender role attitudes.

Topic: Media, Gender, and Advertising
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Whiplash Injury or Concussion? A Possible Biomechanical Explanation for Concussion Symptoms in Some Individuals Following a Rear-End Collision

Study Design Finite element modeling of experimental data. Background The clinical presentations of whiplash injury and concussion have considerable overlap. Both diagnoses are generally based on presenting signs and symptoms, and a history of neck or head trauma. With incomplete knowledge of the trauma, differentiating between whiplash injury and concussion can be clinically challenging. Objectives To estimate the brain strains that develop during rear-end car crashes, evaluate how these strains vary with different head kinematic parameters, and compare these strains to those generated during potentially concussive football helmet impacts. Methods Head kinematic data were analyzed from 2 prior studies, one that focused on head restraint impacts in rear-end crash tests and another that focused on football helmet impacts. These data were used as inputs to a finite element model of the human brain. Brain strains were calculated and compared to different peak kinematic parameters and between the 2 impact conditions. Results Brain strains correlated best with the head's angular velocity change for both impact conditions. The 4 crashes with head angular velocity changes greater than 30 rad/s (greater than 1719°/s) generated the highest brain stains. One crash, in which the head wrapped onto the top of the head restraint, generated brain strains similar to a 9.3-m/s rear football helmet impact, a level previously associated with concussion. Conclusion This work provides new insight into a potential biomechanical link between whiplash injury and concussion, and advances our understanding of how head restraint interaction during a rear-end crash may cause an injury more typically associated with sports-related head impacts. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(10):874–885. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.7049

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Personalized recommendation based on trust of user multi-faced interest

Most current recommenders are aimed at the single interest.This paper provides a multi-faced interests trust recommendation algorithm so that adapts to the recommendation of users who have multi-faced interests such as bolg,wiki,news and so on.The new algorithm combines the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm and the recommendation algorithm based on the trust.The experimental result shows that the new algorithm not only fits to the recommendation of users who have multi-faced interests,but also solves the cold start problem effectively and greatly improves the recommendation effect.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<scp>Infant Metabolism</scp>, World Health Organization

This is a report of the proceedings of the World Health Organization's Seminars held in Leyden and Stockholm in October-November, 1950. The timeliness of this edited transcript of the meetings is somewhat lessened by the considerable delay in publication. Furthermore, the greater portion of the material is readily available elsewhere. The various panels concerned the metabolism of water and electrolytes, of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, of protein, of vitamins and of metals. Other panels dealt with basal metabolism, the use of isotopes, the evaluation of nutritive status and the metabolism of premature and full-term newborn infants.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Contribution to the taxonomic elucidation of the <i>Geonoma maxima</i> complex (Arecaceae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth is an example of a species complex, among many others restricted to Neotropical rain forests, which contribute to their high species diversity. Using environmental, morphological, karyological, and molecular data, we aim to test the taxonomic circumscription of 3 of the 11 G. maxima subspecies defined in the latest taxonomic treatment. We evaluated 217 samples of G. maxima complex from Ducke Reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Environmental preferences were significant at the 0.1% level. Subspecies maxima occurred in the slope, subsp. chelidonura in the floodplain, and subsp. spixiana in the plateau. Leaf morphology and height were different for each subspecies, but not leaf anatomy. The karyotypes of subspp. c helidonura and maxima were symmetrical with 2 n = 28 chromosomes, 16 metacentric and 12 submetacentric. Molecular analysis revealed two groups, one comprised subspp. maxima and chelidonura, and the other formed exclusively by subsp. spixiana. At Ducke Reserve, it is clear that the three subspecies are easily recognizable morphologically and ecologically, and it is likely that they do not interbreed locally. However, if these subspecies are analyzed on a larger geographic scale, it may not be possible to separate them.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards a Poly-Functional Synthetic-Antimalarial Vaccine: Incorporating Non-Natural Elements into Artificially-Made Peptides for Mimicking Functional Pathogen Ligand Structures Representing New Site-Directed Vaccine Components

The molecular basis for obtaining novel anti-malarial vaccine candidates depends on a considered selection of antigenic peptides, mainly derived from Plasmodium antigens' non-polymorphic regions. Since such targeted-molecules are poorly immunogenic when tested as vaccine components, they usually have to be modified to overcome their immunological phenotype. Transition state theory, explaining how peptidases catalyse a given peptide bond breakage, thus led to reduced amide pseudopeptides being proposed as possible mimetics for a transition-state. Stabilising such high-energy molecular stages could become a strategy for inducing antibodies potentially harbouring catalytic properties. Hence, isostere-bond peptido-mimetics represented a rational choice as potential abzyme-inducers and site-directed designed reduced amide pseudopeptides for obtaining peptide-analogues from selected malarial high-binding motifs. This novel family of vaccine candidates has proved to be an efficient functional antibody-inducer, the latter acting as efficient blockers of Plasmodium infection of human and mouse RBCs. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on Buddhist Sculptures and Temples in Gyeryongsan National Park

Gyeryongsan Mountain was considered an important national memorial service site during the Three Kingdoms Period. It was a famous mountain with bizarre peaks and beautiful scenery that impressed the noble classes during the Joseon Dynasty. Historic temples and hermitages date to the present with the tradition and history of the Gyeryongsan Mountains. Donghaksa, Gapsa, and Sinwonsa are representative templates for various literary materials and cultural heritage sites. These templates provide important data for content utilization. The Gowangam and Mamyeongam Hermitages, with no traces now, have left behind folktales related to the defeat of the Baekje Dynasty. Most Buddhist sculptures in the temples and hermitages in Gyeryongsan date back to the 17th century or later during the Joseon Dynasty. Although Gyeryongsan is a rocky mountain, few stone Buddha statues exist, but many outstanding wooden Buddha statues from a formative point of view in the late Joseon Dynasty, as well as clay Buddha sculptures and Zeolite Buddha statues in the modern period, have notable features. Buddhist sculptures and temples in Gyeryongsan are important subjects for intensive investigations and future research. By analyzing their characteristics, it is necessary to consider the Buddhist cultural significance of Gyeryongsan as a national park.

Topic: Ecology and Conservation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protecting large machines from arcing faults

Conventional methods of protection are not certain due to the intermittent nature of an arcing fault since any single arc may not last long enough to operate time-delayed neutral protection. Arcing faults can occur due to dirty insulators or broken strands in the stator windings. Such faults, if undetected, can lead to overheating along with catastrophic electrical failure. These events typically require extensive repairs with an extended shutdown of the machine. It is highly desirable to detect such faults at an early or incipient stage so that remedial action can be taken before a complete failure occurs. This paper presents a new protection method to detect arcing faults along the entire winding and trip the unit before extensive damage can occur. This paper shows the protection engineer how to properly identify the faulted phase. Faulted phase identification is important since it will greatly aid in locating the source of an intermittent arcing fault.

Topic: Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Fluoxetine and Acacetin on Central Vestibular Compensation in an Animal Model of Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy

Damage to the peripheral vestibular system is known to generate a syndrome characterized by postural, locomotor, oculomotor, perceptual and cognitive deficits. Current pharmacological therapeutic solutions for these pathologies lack specificity and efficacy. Recently, we demonstrated that apamin, a specific SK channel blocker, significantly reduced posturo-locomotor and oculomotor deficits in the cat and the rat. The aim of the present study was to test the antivertigo potential of compounds belonging to the SK antagonists family, such as Acacetin and Fluoxetine. Young rats were subjected to unilateral ototoxic lesions of the vestibular organ using transtympanic administration of arsanilic acid (TTA) to evoke unilateral vestibular loss (UVL). Vestibular syndrome was monitored using behavioural evaluation allowing appreciation of the evolution of static and dynamic posturo-locomotor deficits. A significant effect of the TTA insult was only found on the distance moved, the mean body velocity and the not moving time. From day 2 to week 2 after TTA, the distance moved and the mean body velocity were significantly decreased, while the not moving time was significantly increased. Acacetin does not evoke any significant change in the vestibular posturo-locomotor parameters’ kinetics. Administration of Fluoxetine two weeks before TTA and over three weeks after TTA (preventive group) does not evoke any significant change in the vestibular posturo-locomotor parameters’ kinetics. Administration of Fluoxetine from three weeks after TTA significantly delayed the functional recovery. This study demonstrates that Acacetin or Fluoxetine in TTA vestibulo-injured rats does not bring any significant benefit on the posture and locomotor balance deficits.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Entrepreneur in Youth

The Entrepreneur in Youth offers one of the most comprehensive assessments to date of African American, Latino, and white high school students’ aspirations, knowledge, opinions and educational views related to entrepreneurship and philanthropy. A key strength is its longitudinal approach to analysis and interpretations, made possible by extensive surveys of over 11, 000 respondents from high school youth and other groups, including adults and business owners. The key findings exhibit an extraordinarily high level of interest in entrepreneurship among youth as well as a strong desire to give back to their communities. However, they lack the knowledge and experience to achieve their aspirations.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 2311523: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stability studies of tablets containing 5 mg of policosanol.

The stability studies of tablets containing 5 mg of policosanol, a new cholesterol lowering drug, were conducted to predict an expiration date and to search the appearance of putative degradation products. All quality parameters such as colour, moisture content, hardness, disintegration, policosanol content and microbiological limits of the tablets were assessed. The effect of extreme treatments such as acid and basic hydrolysis, oxidative and photolytic degradation as well as thermal degradation, on the policosanol content was studied. In addition, studies under extreme conditions of storage [(40 +/- 2) degree C and (75 +/- 5)% R.H.] as well as 37, 45, 55 and 60 degrees C combined with 50, 75 and 92% R.H.) and under ambient conditions of storage for climatic zones II and IV were performed. These studies demonstrate that these tablets are a stable pharmaceutical formulation, without significant changes in their quality criteria at the stressed conditions used, so that policosanol content remains unchanged during the entire studies. The chromatographic profile of the samples after 9 months of thermal degradation shows chromatographic peaks that corresponds to the palmitate and stearate esters of octacosanoyl, triacontanoyl and hexacosanoyl, being the only degradation products observed on these studies.

Topic: Natural Products and Biological Research
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The dynamics of moral progress

Abstract Assuming that there is moral progress, and assuming that the abolition of slavery is an example of it, how does moral progress occur? Is it mainly driven by specific individuals who have gained new moral insights, or by changes in the socio‐economic and epistemic conditions in which agents morally judge the norms and practices of their society, and act upon these judgements? In this paper, I argue that moral progress is a complex process in which changes at the level of belief and changes at the level of institutions and social practices are deeply intertwined, and that changes in the socio‐economic and epistemic conditions of moral agency constitute the main motor of moral progress. I develop my view of moral progress by way of grappling with Michelle Moody‐Adams’ prominent philosophical account of it. My view is less intellectualistic and individualistic than hers, does not presuppose meta‐ethical moral realism, and blurs her distinction between moral progress in beliefs and moral progress in social practices. I point out the limits of humans to progress morally, which are partly grounded in our evolutionary history, and argue that moral progress is always of a ‘local’ nature.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Uncommon manifestations of childhood neuroborreliosis

Aims: Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne spirochetal infection which can affect the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system. Children with a neuroborreliosis predominantly present with a facial palsy or aseptic meningitis, but the spectrum also contains rare and uncommon manifestations.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rotated Morse curve–spline potential function for A+BC reaction dynamics: Application to (Cl, HBr), (F,H2), and (H+,H2)

Methods for the fitting of potential energy functions to discrete potential energy data for triatomic molecules are discussed. Several new criteria for successful fitting functions are proposed, and existing criteria are reviewed. Different semiempirical and empirical fitting functions are analyzed in terms of these criteria. The rotated Morse curve–spline (RMCS) method is developed for general triatomic molecules, and applied to the systems Cl+HBr, F+H2, and H++H2. The detailed surface features are well reproduced for Cl+HBr and F+H2, particularly near the minimum energy path. Overall standard deviations between reference functions and RMCS functions are 0.98 and 0.35 kcal/mole for Cl+HBr and F+H2, respectively. Averaged classical trajectories on the F+H2 surface show good agreement between LEPS and RMCS surfaces over the range 0–10 eV, although there is no point-for-point matching of individual trajectories. Relative CPU times for trajectories on the RMCS and LEPS surfaces are 3.3:1. A H+3 potential surface is obtained by the combined use of CNDO/2 energy data and the RMCS fitting function. The resulting surface is scaled to ab initio data by adjustment of the spline functions. It gives a realistic representation of the ab initio surface, except that nonphysical behavior occurs in the outer contours (this was also true for Cl+HBr). The problem of discontinuities arising from the bond angle–bond distance coordinate system is discussed. Possible extensions and limitations of the RMCS method are considered. When Morse curves can describe the asymptotic dissociation channels for A+BC reactions, the RMCS method provides an accurate interpolating function for triatomic potential energy data. Its suitability for classical and quantal studies of reaction dynamics for A+BC systems depends on the magnitude of the discontinuity problem. Computational procedures to study this problem in advance of and during classical trajectories, are given and discussed in detail for F+H2.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Specification for Phosphorized Coppers--Refinery Shapes

This specification establishes the requirements for phosphorized copper in refinery shapes such as wire bars, billets, and cakes. The product furnished shall be produced from one of the following copper UNS Nos.: C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, and C14200. Billets shall be supplied sheared on one end with the other end flat or with both ends flat depending on the specified diameter. The product shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for copper and silver, phosphorus, and arsenic. The electrical mass resistivity for phosphorized copper in annealed condition is specified. The requirements for chemical analysis, reverse bend test (hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility), and microscopical examination are detailed including sampling and specimen preparation.

Topic: Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences