jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of interactions between proteinuria, activity of fibroblast growth factor 23 and serum phosphate on renal progression in patients with chronic kidney disease: a result from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease study

Abstract Background Recent experimental study reported that proteinuria increases serum phosphate by decreasing biologic activity of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). We examined this relationship in a large chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort and evaluated the combined effect of proteinuria, FGF-23 activity and serum phosphate on CKD progression. Methods The activity of FGF-23, measured by the fractional excretion of phosphate (FEP)/FGF-23 ratio, was compared according to the degree of proteinuria in 1909 patients with CKD. Primary outcome was CKD progression defined as ≥50% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate, doubling of serum creatinine and start of dialysis. Results There was a negative relationship between 24-h urine protein (24-h UP) and FEP/FGF-23 ratio (γ −0.07; P = 0.005). In addition, after matching variables associated with serum phosphate, patients with more proteinuria had higher serum phosphate (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and FGF-23 (P = 0.012), and lower FEP/FGF-23 ratio (P = 0.007) compared with those with less proteinuria. In the matched cohort, low FEP/FGF-23 ratio was an independent risk factor for CKD progression (hazard ratio 0.87 per 1 log increase; 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.95; P = 0.002), and there was significant interaction between 24-h UP and FEP/FGF-23 ratio (P = 0.039). Furthermore, 24-h UP and serum phosphate also had a significant interaction on CKD progression (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions Proteinuria is associated with decreased biologic activity of FGF-23 and increased serum phosphate. Furthermore, diminished activity of FGF23 is an independent risk factor for renal progression in proteinuric CKD patients.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MOPSO process parameters optimization in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of hardened steel

Abstract Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) is frequently prescribed as an effective technique to improve the grindability of difficult-to-cut materials, earning tremendous application opportunities in the industrial field. However, the traditional optimization of grinding parameters requires substantial experimental analyses and is prone to fall into a local optimum. In this study, a multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) model for grinding forces and surface roughness is established on the basis of comparative experiments between UVAG and conventional grinding. Optimized process parameters are then used to conduct ultrasonic vibration-assisted profile grinding experiments. Results show that the tangential and normal grinding forces are reduced by 20.51% and 18.91%, respectively, and the ground surface roughness ( R a ) is decreased by 9.47%. In addition, the sharpness of grinding wheels can be maintained for UVAG. A Pareto solution set with 15 noninferior solutions is obtained using the MOPSO algorithm, suggesting that the good surface roughness is realized using larger wheel speed and cutting depth and a smaller feed speed. Finally, forming workpieces with excellent shape accuracy and high surface quality, as well as optimized machining parameters, are achieved under the ultrasonic vibration-assisted profile grinding process.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Engaging patients and families in developing, implementing, and evaluating hospital at home: A Canadian case study

The Hospital at Home (HaH) care model is naturally patient-centred, with improved patient and family experiences and outcomes firmly anchoring the innovative approach to care. Existing literature focuses largely on the health care and patient care outcomes of HaH; however, to date, none of the identified literature has reported on engaging patients and families in the development, implementation, or evaluation of the HaH model of care. A multi-stakeholder, Patient-Oriented Research team in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada engaged patients and family/friend caregivers (PFCs) across all components of the HaH program. Guided by best practices in patient and public engagement, the team collaborated to 1) explore the potential impact of in-home acute care on PFCs’ experiences; 2) identify health, social, and practice outcomes that matter to PFCs; 3) examine the social and environmental factors which may impact delivery of HaH; and 4) inform the HaH evaluation framework that includes PFC priority measures related to experience and outcomes. A public, online survey (n=543 PFC respondents) revealed both program-specific and evaluation-specific themes. These included a focus on patients achieving their own health goals and standard health outcomes, as well as patients and caregivers receiving training to support care at home. Engaging PFCs throughout HaH conception and implementation ensured the end program accurately reflected the priorities, concerns, and values of those that HaH is meant to serve. <strong>Experience Framework</strong> This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (<a href="https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework">https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework</a>). <ul> <li><a href="https://www.theberylinstitute.org/page/PXSEARCH#resource-list-all/?view_28_page=1&view_28_filters=%5B%7B%22field%22%3A%22field_38%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22in%22%2C%22value%22%3A%5B%22PXJ%20Article%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22field%22%3A%22field_20%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22is%22%2C%22value%22%3A%5B%22%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22field%22%3A%22field_40%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22is%22%2C%22value%22%3A%5B%22%22%2C%22Patient%2C%20Family%20%26%20Community%20Engagement%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22field%22%3A%22field_41%22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22is%22%2C%22value%22%3A%5B%22%22%5D%7D%5D">Access other PXJ articles</a> related to this lens.</li> <li><a href="https://www.theberylinstitute.org/page/Ecosystem-PatientFamilyCommunityEngagement">Access other resources</a> related to this lens.</li> </ul>

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Luke the Chronicler: Beginnings and Endings

This study examines the influence of the narrative structure of Samuel-Kings and Chronicles on the composition of Luke-Acts. The core contention is that Luke used Samuel-Kings and Chronicles—considered together as a unified two-part narrative—as a literary model for Luke-Acts in ways that are detectable and significant. Using a unique methodology that combines narrative criticism with concepts drawn from philosophy and argumentation theory (including Bayes’ Theorem and inference to the best explanation), I will argue that Luke models the Gospel of Luke on the books of Samuel and 1 Chronicles, presenting Jesus as the promised, ultimate Davidide. He likewise models the Book of Acts on Kings and 2 Chronicles, presenting the disciples of Jesus as the heirs of the kingdom of David—that is, in a manner analogous to the kings who are the main figures of those OT books. Luke’s portrayal of the disciples in Acts, however, involves a strong element of eschatological inversion, insofar as he characterizes them as victorious and faithful end-time kings, rather than failed and faithless ones (as the OT kings generally were). The evidence of this influence consists of verbal, thematic, structural, and other parallels, many of which have not been noticed or sufficiently appreciated before. This study introduces a new term: the Samuel-Kings Narrative Arc (SKNA), which refers to the unified plotline contained in the OT books of Samuel-Kings and Chronicles. I will present evidence that reading these OT books as a single integrated narrative was common in the Second Temple period, as was understanding them in terms of a two-part “arc” with David as a high point and exile as a low point. Luke transforms this OT narrative in Luke-Acts into a story that points to ongoing kingdom victory (despite suffering and opposition). In addition to the new claim concerning the extent of Luke’s use of the SKNA as a literary model, this study advances understanding of these OT books in the context of Second Temple Jewish literature, refines the notion of imitational mimesis, and offers a new methodology for presenting arguments in biblical studies.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
How Advertising Beauty Influences Children’s Self-Perception and Behavior

The authors investigate (1) whether the physical attractiveness stereotype applies to children, (2) whether children’s self-perception is influenced by the attractiveness of an advertising model, (3) whether children’s buying intentions are influenced by the attractiveness of an advertising model, and (4) whether age, gender, and materialism affect (1), (2), and (3). Results of an experimental research (N=185) confirm the presence of the “what is beautiful is good” stereotype in children. Attractive (versus less attractive) models were also perceived to be less likely to follow the rules. Contrary to expectations from research in adult samples, the presence of an attractive (versus less attractive) model has a positive influence on perceived physical appearance for both boys and girls and also a positive influence on general self-worth for girls. The authors also found that attractive (versus less attractive) models increase attitudes and buying intentions for boys, but not for girls. No effects of age and materialism were found.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Acyclovir in the therapy of herpesvirus infections].

Intravenous acyclovir was tested both prophylactically and therapeutically in herpes infections in 48 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Pretransplant prophylaxis only partly eliminated reactivated infections. Treatment of established mucocutaneous infections was usually successful, also in relapsing cases, when initiated within hours of the appearance of lesions. Extensive lesions, superinfections and dissemination could thus be prevented in this group of severely immunocompromised patients.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Binding Behavior between Transforming-Growth-Factor-Beta1 and Its Receptor Reconstituted in Biomimetic Membranes

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is critical to cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It is important to understand the binding affinity between TGF-β1 and its receptors. In this study, their binding force was measured using an atomic force microscope. Significant adhesion was induced by the interaction between the TGF-β1 immobilized on the tip and its receptor reconstituted in the bilayer. Rupture and adhesive failure occurred at a specific force around 0.4~0.5 nN. The relationship of the force to loading rate was used to estimate the displacement where the rupture occurred. The binding was also monitored in real time with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and interpreted with kinetics to acquire the rate constant. Using the Langmuir adsorption, the SPR data were analyzed to estimate equilibrium and association constants to be approximately 107 M−1 and 106 M−1 s−1. These results indicated that the natural release of the binding seldom occurred. Furthermore, the degree of binding dissociation, confirmed by the rupture interpretation, supported that the reverse of the binding hardly happened.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Traffic steering by self-tuning controllers in enterprise LTE femtocells

Abstract Femtocells have been suggested as a promising solution for the provision of indoor coverage and capacity. This article investigates the problem of re-distributing traffic demand between long-term evolution (LTE) femtocells with open access in an enterprise scenario. Several traffic sharing algorithms based on automatic tuning of femtocell parameters are considered. The proposed algorithms are implemented by fuzzy logic controllers. Performance assessment is carried out in a dynamic system-level simulator. Results show that localized congestion problems in these scenarios can be solved without impairing connection quality by jointly tuning handover margins and cell transmit power.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kinetic properties of galactose oxidase from Gibberella fujikuroi.

The kinetic properties of galactose oxidase of Gibberella fujikuroi were investigated. The enzyme oxidized D-galactose, 2-substituted D-galactoses, 2-epimer D-talose, and D-galactosecontaining oligosaccharides, but not other saccharides. The enzyme was highly specific for molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. The enzymegave a nonlinear Lineweaver-Burk plot when the oxidation rate at a variety of galactose concentrations was investigated. The data were well explained by the assumption that the enzyme has two binding sites for galactose. K1 and K2, which are the dissociation constants for the first and second bindings of galactose to the enzyme, were calculated to be 1.3mM and 42mM, respectively. The 'enzyme was mixedly inhibited by dgalacturonic acid.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Motion of Fluid Particles in Perturbed Shear Flows

The motion of fluid particles in shear flows perturbed by unamplifying traveling sinusoidal waves is considered. The analogy between the formulation of the problem in terms of the stream function and the Hamiltonian dynamics is pointed out. An exact analytical solution is obtained for a perturbed mixing-layer type flow. For a perturbed wake type flow, an approximate analytical solution is obtained by employing the method of canonical transformation due to Hori.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Edible Oils by Principal Component Analysis of <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectra

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method widely used in chemometric studies to analyze large correlated sets of data. An undergraduate laboratory experiment involving PCA of H-1 NMR spectral data is described. Students collect NMR spectra of an unknown oil sample are provided with spectra of six oil standards (canola, corn, olive, peanut, sesame, and sunflower), and are asked to identify the unknown oil using score plots based on the PCA results. This laboratory experiment gives students hands-on experience collecting NMR spectra performing NMR spectral processing and utilizing freely available web-based software to subject the data to PCA and to prepare the subsequent scoring plots.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Age of Information for Discrete Time Queues

Age of information (AoI) is a time-evolving measure of information freshness, that tracks the time since the last received fresh update was generated. Analyzing peak and average AoI, two time average metrics of AoI, for various continuous time queueing systems has received considerable attention. We analyze peak and average age for various discrete time queueing systems. We first consider first come first serve (FCFS) Ber/G/1 and Ber/G/1 queue with vacations, and derive explicit expressions for peak and average age. We also obtain age expressions for the last come first serve (LCFS) queue and the $G/G/\infty$ queue. We build upon proof techniques from earlier results, and also present new techniques that might be of independent interest in analyzing age in discrete time queuing systems.

Topic: Age of Information Optimization
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extreme Risk Protection Orders Intended to Prevent Mass Shootings

Urgent, individualized interventions to reduce firearm access, such as extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs, colloquially known as "red flag" orders), provide a rapid, focused response when risk for imminent firearm violence is high. Studies to date suggest such interventions are most commonly used to prevent suicide and are effective. Authorizing legislation has often been enacted after public mass shootings but, to our knowledge, there have been only 2 reported cases of ERPO use in efforts to prevent mass shootings. California enacted the nation's first ERPO statute, which took effect in January 2016. The authors are evaluating that statute's implementation and effectiveness and are seeking to obtain court records for all 414 cases occurring in 2016 to 2018. Based on 159 records received thus far, this article presents an aggregate summary and individual histories for a preliminary series of 21 cases in which ERPOs were used in efforts to prevent mass shootings. Most subjects were male and non-Hispanic white; the mean age was 35 years. Most subjects made explicit threats and owned firearms. Four cases arose primarily in relation to medical or mental health conditions, and such conditions were noted in 4 others. Fifty-two firearms were recovered. As of early August 2019, none of the threatened shootings had occurred, and no other homicides or suicides by persons subject to the orders were identified. It is impossible to know whether violence would have occurred had ERPOs not been issued, and the authors make no claim of a causal relationship. Nonetheless, the cases suggest that this urgent, individualized intervention can play a role in efforts to prevent mass shootings, in health care settings and elsewhere. Further evaluation would be helpful.

Topic: Gun Ownership and Violence Research
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Addressing future trade-offs between biodiversity and cropland expansion to improve food security

Potential trade-offs between providing sufficient food for a growing human population in the future and sustaining ecosystems and their services are driven by various biophysical and socio-economic parameters at different scales. In this study, we investigate these trade-offs by using a three-step interdisciplinary approach. We examine (1) how the expected global cropland expansion might affect food security in terms of agricultural production and prices, (2) where natural conditions are suitable for cropland expansion under changing climate conditions, and (3) whether this potential conversion to cropland would affect areas of high biodiversity value or conservation importance. Our results show that on the one hand, allowing the expansion of cropland generally results in an improved food security not only in regions where crop production rises, but also in net importing countries such as India and China. On the other hand, the estimated cropland expansion could take place in many highly biodiverse regions, pointing out the need for spatially detailed and context-specific assessments to understand the possible outcomes of different food security strategies. Our multidisciplinary approach is relevant with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals for implementing and enforcing sustainable pathways for increasing agricultural production, and ensuring food security while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Topic: Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Escritura científica en educación superior: proceso epistémico y argumentativo

This research article treats scientific writing as an epistemic tool that transforms the mind and contributes to knowledge creation in higher education. The objectives are: 1) to analyze the difficulties encountered in research articles by education students derived from formative and thesis-related research, and 2) to propose how scientific writing is fostered in universities as an epistemic and argumentative process. The results reveal shortcomings in understanding the polyphonic structure or the presence of intertextuality in the texts. The findings also show limitations in how research problems are formulated or how the state of the art is constructed, among other difficulties associated with activating writing strategies to organize specific rhetorical sections of the research article. It is concluded that scientific knowledge is constructed through writing as an epistemic and argumentative process, a possible alternative to transcend the limitations of reproductive discourse and, in turn, transform it into valuable discourse that contributes to the social construction of knowledge.

Topic: Educational theories and practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Second-Window Indocyanine Green for Visualization of Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report With Two-Dimensional Operative Video

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE The proper differentiation of neoplastic tissue from adjacent brain parenchyma can pose a great challenge, especially in eloquent areas of the brain. With the novel technique, “Second-Window Indocyanine Green,” injection of a near-infrared fluorophore (ICG) allows for intraoperative visualization of tumors by taking advantage of the compromised vasculature surrounding the tumor. Thus, such a technique may demonstrate utility for hemangioblastomas, which are hypervascular tumors of the central nervous system. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Here we present the case of a 39-yr-old male with a demonstrated cystic mass in the left cerebellum, with additional edema spreading towards the vermis. A total of 5 mg/kg of ICG was delivered intravenously 24 h prior to the operation. The tumor was approached via the infratentorial suboccipital approach. We observed strong near-infrared fluorescence through the intact dura, consistent with the tumor location. Surgical pathology confirmed a final diagnosis of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. There was complete resection of the tumor, with the patient discharged uneventfully. CONCLUSION We report the first successful case of fluorescence-guided surgery of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with the Second-Window ICG technique. This joins a growing series of publications that demonstrate the efficacy of a novel application of ICG, a near-infrared fluorophore, in accurate intraoperative visualization of neoplastic tissue. While the use of a dedicated near-infrared platform (ie, the VisionSense Iridium [Visionsense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]) yields a higher signal-to-background ratio, a neurosurgical microscope (ie, the Leica OH6 [Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany]) may also provide a suitable option in cases where fluorescence is very strong.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences