jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Do Victims of War Need International Law? Human Rights Education Programs in Authoritarian Sudan

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Sudan, this article illuminates the consequences of human rights educational workshops as a form of humanitarian assistance in war-ravaged areas. These projects are built on flawed assumptions about Sudanese politics and about the likelihood that human rights education empowers the war-ravaged poor. The beneficial impacts of human rights discourse stem from its side effects, which fulfill urgent and symbolic needs, and not from the core content of human rights. The case of an authoritarian regime exposes an alternative site of rights promotion, outside the established or struggling democracies where most literature on rights resides. Bridging the literature on rights in Western, democratic contexts and on human rights in Africa, this article argues that law is not enough—and is potentially dangerous—in the insecure and impoverished areas where the international aid community has been encouraging it to flourish.

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Moral Status of the Human Embryo

Recognizing the importance of the state’s special protection of the prenatal stage of human development, most countries establish strict control over the research of the human embryo. One way to argue the limitations of embryo research is its moral status as a potential human being and representative of the human species. In the insufficient study of the moral status of the embryo, the article identifies approaches to its understanding and formulates its main features. The paper also examines the theoretical question that is at the heart of practical and professional ethics: by what criteria is the embryo attributed to have the moral status? The answer to this question reveals the importance of moral considerations regarding the proper handling of the embryos as well as the importance of the moral duty of others to treat an unborn child with respect. Some ways of understanding the principle of respect are examined separately. The moral significance, value, and respect for the embryo are all prerequisites for establishing the limits of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour during the research on human embryos. This article highlights the problem of conflict of interests of the embryo as the one with moral status, with the interests of society to continue embryonic research due to the potential for usefulness for a huge number of people suffering from various diseases. Such conflict can be resolved through the establishment of ethical principles, which can be used to describe the limits of research on human embryos in the international and national guidelines for such research. Given the generality of such principles, it is also important to establish a national specialized committee on the ethics of research on human embryos. Despite the results of the study, the article emphasizes the need for more detailed and deeper participation of representatives of legal, bioethical, embryological science, and the public in conversation. Key words: moral significance, value, respect, moral obligations, legal status.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Piv Measurements And Modeling Of Synthetic Jet Actuators For Flow Control

This paper deals primarily with the combined experimental and theoretical characterization of a synthetic jet actuator. The experimental approach utilizes a high-frame-rate, digital PIV system, which uses a Photec Phantom V.3.0 CCD camera operating at speeds as high as 1,000 frames per second, and with an image resolution of 512x256 pixels. The resulting digital images are then processed using traditional cross correlation algorithms or newly developed wavelet techniques in order to determine the flowfield quantitatively. The experimental work presented includes measurements and analysis of the flowfield produced by a synthetic jet actuator operating under different frequency and amplitude conditions. The operating conditions selected in this paper were chosen because they generate completely different flowfields. Operation of the actuator with a frequency of 10 Hz and a membrane oscillation amplitude of 75m, produces a flowfield resembling a jet, while operation at 100 Hz with an ampl...

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
RESEARCH Bupropion poisoning: a case series

abstaining 63 from smoking. It has previously ©The been Medical marketed Journal as an of antidepres- Australia 2002 www.mja.com.au sant Research in other countries. 1 Bupropion is structurally similar to stimulants such as the amphetamines, and selectively inhibits the neuronal reuptake of dopamine and noradrenalin. 2 Previous reports of bupropion overdose almost all involve the immediaterelease (IR) formulation. 3-10 There are reports of the SR formulation in overdose, 11-14 but there is limited information on its spectrum of toxicity in overdose. Information on paediatric safety of either formulation is also limited. 15 Immediately after bupropion was introduced in Australia, we conducted a prospective study of deliberate self-poisoning in adults and accidental poisoning in chidren with SR bupropion to investigate the toxicity of this formulation. Objective: To investigate the toxicity of bupropion hydrochloride in deliberate selfpoisoning in adults and accidental ingestion by children. Design and setting: Prospective study of cases identified from calls to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSW PIC), with follow-up through hospital medical records. Participants: Patients with bupropion poisoning managed in hospital, about whom

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Current, Frequency and Duty Cycle of Pulsed Electric Signals of the Inhibition and/or Destruction of E. coli O157:H7 on Goat Meat Surfaces

Pulsed dc square wave electric signal was applied to goat meat samples, inoculatedwith Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface, covered with a thin film of 0.15M sodiumchloride solution. The results indicated that, all the three intensities of current effectivelydestroyed Escherichia coli cells at treatment duration of 32 min. Eight log10 reductions ofEscherichia coli cells were achieved. A decrease in treatment duration decreased log10 reductionof Escherichia coli. Frequencies of 1kHz or more and duty cycles of 50% or more acceleratedthe inactivation of Escherichia coli cells at 20mA/cm2 current.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MISSING GAPS IN SAFETY EDUCATION AND PRACTICES: ACADEMIA PERSPECTIVES

In the developing countries, the syndrome of low level of safety practices are common phenomenon among construction firms when trying to achieve speedy delivery of construction projects. Various researchers have established factors causing accidents on project sites under unsafe conditions and behaviour of construction workers. This study examined construction safety education embedded in Architecture, Building Technology and Quantity Surveying curricula in some selected tertiary institutions in South-Western Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced from the National Universities Commission (NUC) and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) curricula through desk review. The descriptive assessment underscored insufficient knowledge coverage because there is no particular course titled construction health and safety in the construction programs curricula. Also, the three top knowledge areas of the respondents on safety practice were: use of personal protective wears, injury and illness prevention and construction all risk and contractors all risk insurance. This study concluded that lack of depth knowledge on safety education is capable of limiting students’ ability to coordinate safety practices, develop Safety Policy when employed in construction industry and as well reduce their employability as Safety Manager. The study therefore recommends that both NUC and NBTE should engage Academic and Industry Partnerships (AIPS), Collaborative Curriculum Designing (CCD) in modifying existing curricula for Architecture, Building Technology and Quantity Surveying programs in Nigerian tertiary institutions that will facilitate better understanding both to planning and managing construction safety rather than applying corrective measures after the havoc has been fully perpetrated.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of High Thermal Conductivity Aluminum Nitride Ceramic

AIN ceramics with densities varying from 3.18 to 3.30 g/cm 3 and room‐temperature thermal conductivities varying from 88 to 193 W/m K were produced. Different sintering conditions, packing powders, AIN powder sources, carbon additive, and sintering times were evaluated, and the key processing parameters which cause the differences in density and thermal conductivity were identified. SEM, TEM, and EDS were used to characterize the correlation between thermal conductivity, microstructure, and processing parameters. The important parameters which control the thermal conductivity of AIN ceramics are discussed.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Arrhythmia localization using body surface potential mapping during catheterization

The authors describe the use of a new body surface potential mapping (BSPM) system for arrhythmia treatment in Helsinki University Central Hospital. First, the implementation of the mapping system is presented. Then, the method's clinical use is described and finally, the benefits for radiofrequency ablation therapy are considered.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 950343: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polysaccharides and Bioactive Phenolics from <i>Aconitum septentrionale</i> Roots

Abstract Aconitum septentrionale is known to contain toxic diterpene alkaloids, while other bioactive compounds in the plant remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the phenolic compounds and polysaccharides from the water extract of A. septentrionale roots. Fifteen phenolic compounds were isolated and identified by NMR and MS, including fourteen known and one new dianthramide glucoside (2‐[[2‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐5‐hydroxybenzoyl]amino]‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, 14 ). One neutral (complex of glucans with minor amounts of mannans) and two acidic polysaccharide fractions (complexes of pectic polysaccharides and glucans) were also obtained. Hydroxytyrosol ( 1 ), hydroxytyrosol‐1‐ O ‐β‐glucoside ( 2 ) and bracteanolide A ( 7 ) inhibited the release of nitric oxide by dendritic cells. Magnoflorine ( 8 ) and 2‐[[2‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐5‐hydroxybenzoyl]amino]‐5‐hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester ( 12 ) inhibited 15‐lipoxygenase, and bracteanolide A ( 7 ) was a moderate inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. This study is the first to describe the diversity of phenolics and polysaccharides from A. septentrionale and their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant activities.

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The lactose system in<i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i>V9A: 1. Characteristics of two Lac mutant phenotypes which revert to wild-type

SUMMARY A wild strain of Klebsiella aerogenes (V9A), which contains a plasmid F k lac carrying the genes of the lac operon, gives two mutant cell types, recognized by the appearance of their colonies on MacConkey lactose agar. These are referred to as ML − and ML −/+ , wild-type being ML + . ML − cells can grow rapidly on 1% lactose as carbon source but very slowly on 0·2% unless induced by TMG or D-fucose, or by previous growth on galactose, melibiose or raffinose, which enables them to grow rapidly on 0·2% lactose for 2–4 cell generations. Previous growth on 1% lactose does not induce the ability to grow rapidly on 0·2% lactose. It is concluded that ML − cells have a defect in the lactose permease gene which allows slow uptake of lactose when the external concentration is 0·2% and more rapid uptake when the external concentration is increased. In addition, TMG, D-fucose, galactose, melibiose and raffinose induce one or more other galactoside permeases which can accumulate lactose efficiently but are not induced by lactose. ML −/+ cells can grow normally on 0·2% lactose as carbon source, but only after a substantial lag when transferred from glucose, glycerol or sucrose, and after an even longer lag when transferred from melibiose or raffinose. Wild-type cells (ML + ) grow normally on 0·2% lactose after a short lag of less than a cell generation time, when transferred from any other carbon source. Cells of each of the three phenotypes (+, −/+ and −) can mutate to give both of the other two phenotypes. Incomplete genetic evidence suggests that the ML − mutation is a result of a reversible change in the F k lac plasmid.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The 2001 epidemic of foot‐and‐mouth disease in the United Kingdom: epidemiological and meteorological case studies

The possibility of the airborne spread of foot‐and‐mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the UK has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. On the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. The distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combined with meteorological conditions which strongly favoured airborne disease transmission. The results of detailed atmospheric modelling demonstrated that airborne virus could have challenged livestock on all the farms studied. However, with one exception the 24‐hour average daily concentrations of the virus were significantly below the experimentally estimated threshold for infection. A detailed model intercomparison established that, under stable atmospheric conditions, peak concentrations of virus up to two orders of magnitude higher might have been experienced for short periods, owing to fluctuations within the plume of virus, and model limitations. This finding would significantly reduce the apparent discrepancy between the experimentally estimated threshold for infection and the modelling results.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mangosteen markings

Journal Article Mangosteen markings Get access Donald Ferguson Donald Ferguson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-XII, Issue 308, 21 November 1903, Page 417, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-XII.308.417b Published: 21 November 1903

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparing Different Methods of Volatile Compounds Determination in

Abstract. Volatile compounds are produced in wines during fermentation, distillation and ageing in oak barrels. Even if the wine volatile profile is extremely complex, containing more than 800 compounds, only 50 have an impact on wine quality (Colibaba 2009). Belonging to different groups of substances (terpens, aldehydes, esters, acids, alcohols etc.), the volatile compounds concentration ranges from a few ng to mg per liter, with different olfactory thresholds (Gerogiannaki-Christopoulou 2008). They are classified in volatiles of the primary aroma (terpens, pyrazines, C6 compounds, and aroma precursors), secondary aroma (ethanol, carbon dioxide, superior alcohols, fatty acids, esters, carbonylic compounds) and of the tertiary aroma of wines (esters, superior alcohols, terpens, nor-isoprenoids, rancid aroma etc.). Wine from different grape varieties (flavoured and some non-flavoured) contain specific aroma compounds, in different ratios (Lambropoulos 2007). The main purpose of this study is to compare different extraction methods for volatile compounds in wine and their subsequent quantification by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For the analysis of minor compounds (alcohols, acids, esters and some terpens) a series of parameters such as type of extraction (liquid-liquid and solid phase

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Perspective of Christian Pedagogy in the Educational Dialogue of Love

The article validates the substantiality of the educational dialogue of love to the Christian pedagogy. The first part of the article introduces to the multidisciplinary character of Christian pedagogy. The second part of the article reveals the place of the educational dialogue of love in the main purpose of Christian pedagogy, that is to educate and cultivate the divine virtue of hope, faith and love. The third part of the article presents the main element of Christian pedagogy – educational dialogue of love. Practical originality of this scientific article is related to one of the given conclusions–recommendations of the research: the author suggests that the Teachers Preparation Standard should include the competence of developing the dialogue culture. It is essential that teachers must acquire competence of creating a dialogue to establish good relations with students, that is, to show understanding and acceptance, listen attentively, avoid being judgmental and negative criticism. Dialogue of love becomes an important educational factor ensuring accurate and adequate communication in various pedagogical situations in teaching, which are constantly changing and often unpredictable. The development of dialogue culture becomes a special mission for teachers.

Topic: Religious, Philosophical, and Educational Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Study on Harmonic Resonance in a DFIG Wind Turbine-generator Connected to a Distribution Power Line

There were telecommunication noise and malfunctions of the electronic devices occurred over a wide area due to the high harmonic voltage and/or current levels of the Back-to-back converter in the DFIG wind power system even though the magnitude of all harmonics is within the international standards. The triangular carrier signals of the PWM used in the power converter system is related to the telecommunication noise because they are in the range of audible frequencies and amplified by a variety of the standing waves that were excited by harmonic voltage sources in the weak grid system such as a long distance distribution transmission lines. This paper describes the characteristics of the harmonics in the wind turbine-generator, numerical analysis and simulation of the harmonics resonance phenomena in the distribution lines as well as measuring induced voltage of the telecommunication lines in parallel with power lines in order to verify the root cause of the telecommunication noise. These noise problems can occur in a wind turbine power system with a non-linear converter at any time, as well as photovoltaic power system. So, the preliminary review of suitable filter devices and switching frequencies of the PWM have to be required by considering the stability of the controller at the design stage but as part of the measures the effect of the telecommunication cable shields was analyzed by comparing the measured data between multi-conductor with/without shields so as to attenuate the sources of the harmonics voltage induced into the telecommunication lines and to apply the most cost-effective measures in the field.

Topic: Engineering Applied Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Method for Studying Licking Behavior Determinants in Rodents: Application to Diet‐Induced Obese Mice

Objective An original device for exploring taste‐guided reward behavior in rodents using a newly designed computer‐controlled liquid delivery system equipped with “lickometers” is described. Methods This octagonal shaped “gustometer” is composed of eight shutters that give random access during a few seconds to eight bottles delivering different liquid stimuli. This original design, which forces the animal to move for access to the drinking source, allows a simultaneous analysis of the licking behavior and motivation to drink. Determination of the sucrose licking behavior in diet‐induced obese mice was used to validate this method because nutritional obesity disturbs the sweet taste perception in rodents. Results A rise in sucrose response threshold and a decrease in the motivation to drink sweet solutions were found in mice fed the obesogenic diet. These data were highly reproducible among independent studies and corroborated the existence of functional links between diet‐induced obesity and gustation in rodents. Conclusions The FRM‐8 gustometer appears to be especially suitable for exploring determinants of behavioral outputs in response to oro‐sensory stimuli in the mouse. It also provides substantial information on the taste‐reward relationship, useful for better understanding the origin of gustatory efficiency or, conversely, dysfunction, as reported in nutritional obesity.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Transmission Chains of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae at the Companion Animal Veterinary Clinic–Household Interface

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) among animals and humans are a public health threat. This study analyzed the occurrence of ESBL-E in a high-risk environment in a companion animal clinic and two animal patients’ households. In an intensive care unit (ICU), rectal swabs from 74 dogs and cats, 74 hand swabs from staff and 298 swabs from surfaces were analyzed for ESBL-E. Seventeen hospitalized patients (23%) and ten (3%) surfaces in the ICU tested ESBL-E positive. Transmission chains for Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 blaCTX-M-15 and Escherichia coli ST38 blaCTX-M-14, ST88 blaCTX-M-14 and ST224 blaCTX-M-1 were observed over extended periods of time (14 to 30 days) with similar strains isolated from patients and the clinical environment. After discharge, two colonized dogs (dogs 7 and 12) and their household contacts were resampled. Dog 7 tested repeatedly positive for 77 days, dog 12 tested negative; six (24%) surfaces in the household of the persistently colonized dog tested ESBL-E positive. The owner of dog 7 and one of the owners of dog 12 were colonized. Based on whole genome sequencing, isolates from the owners, their dogs and other ICU patients belonged to the same clusters, highlighting the public health importance of ESBL-E in companion animal clinics.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences