jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abundance of phosphorylated <i>Apis mellifera</i> CREB in the honeybee's mushroom body inner compact cells varies with age

ABSTRACT Hymenopteran eusociality has been proposed to be associated with the activity of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP‐response element binding protein). The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a eusocial insect displaying a pronounced age‐dependent division of labor. In honeybee brains, CREB‐dependent genes are regulated in an age‐dependent manner, indicating that there might be a role for neuronal honeybee CREB ( Apis mellifera CREB, or AmCREB) in the bee's division of labor. In this study, we further explore this hypothesis by asking where in the honeybee brain AmCREB‐dependent processes might take place and whether they vary with age in these brain regions. CREB is activated following phosphorylation at a conserved serine residue. An increase of phosphorylated CREB is therefore regarded as an indicator of CREB‐dependent transcriptional activation. Thus, we here examine the localization of phosphorylated AmCREB (pAmCREB) in the brain and its age‐dependent variability. We report prominent pAmCREB staining in a subpopulation of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies. In these neurons, the inner compact cells (IC), pAmCREB is located in the nuclei, axons, and dendrites. In the central bee brain, the IC somata and their dendritic region, we observed an age‐dependent increase of pAmCREB. Our results demonstrate the IC to be candidate neurons involved in age‐dependent division of labor. We hypothesize that the IC display a high level of CREB‐dependent transcription that might be related to neuronal and behavioral plasticity underlying a bee's foraging behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1165–1180, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Taking Control of Prosthetic Arms

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Secondary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Hodgkin's Lymphoma or a Coincidental Association of Two Hematological Malignancies?

It is necessary to better identify the prognostic factors of haematological malignancies in order to prevent the appearance of sALL.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
318-OR: Intermittent Fasting Improves ß-cell Function in Nonobese KATP-Induced Neonatal Diabetes through Reduction of Cellular Stress and Enhanced Autophagy

Diabetes progression is characterized by loss of functional β-cell mass. Non-obese KATP-GOF mouse models of human neonatal diabetes developed severe diabetes due to lack of insulin secretion; with a marked loss of β-cell mass/identity and dedifferentiation as diabetes progresses. Intermittent fasting (IF) reduces body weight, improves diabetes and autophagy in humans and obese mice, but the mechanisms underlying this in lean individuals remains elusive. Upon diabetes development, non-obese KATP-GOF mice were divided in two groups: i) fed chow diet ad libitum (AL) , ii) subjected to IF (24h fast/24hr feed cycles) . IF-KATP-GOF mice showed reduced blood glucose without changes in body weight or lean-fat mass compared to AL-KATP-GOF mice. The markedly reduced insulin and increased proinsulin levels in islets from AL-KATP-GOF mice were restored to normal levels in IF-KATP-GOF islets. IF-KATP-GOF islets showed reduced ATF6 and sXBP1 message levels and decreased sXBP1 and TXNIP protein levels compared to AL-KATP-GOF islets, suggesting reduced oxidative and ER stress. Strikingly, the markedly increased autophagy markers LC3II and P62 in AL-KATP-GOF islets were reduced to control levels in IF-KATP-GOF, suggesting improved autophagy. Electron microscopy confirmed increased insulin granules, reduced mitochondrial and ER damage, and decreased autophagosome accumulation in IF-KATP-GOF. While liver G6PC and PCK1 (gluconeogenesis) , FAS (lypogenesis/lipolysis) , and CPT1 and ATGL (β-oxidation/lipolysis) messages were increased, CRCT2 and FOXO1 (gluconeogenesis) , GCK (glycolysis) and PPARα (β-oxidation) were decreased. PPARγ and PPARα were decreased in brown adipose tissue. In conclusion, our studies in KATP-GOF mice indicate the beneficial effects of IF not only on improving functional β-cell mass through decreasing oxidative and ER stress and enhancing autophagy, but also improving liver and adipose tissue function. Disclosure E.Castelblanco: None. Z.A.Shyr: None. Z.Yan: None. A.Diwan: Consultant; Biomedical systems (ERT) , Dewpoint Therapeutics. M.S.Remedi: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (GDK123163)

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of Women Psychologists during the Second World War

During the Second World War psychology became recognized as having distinct services to offer. The role of male psychologists is contrasted with that of women psychologists. The initial response to the war by female psychologists is described. The specific contributions by women psychologists are examined in the following areas: research on children, child care programs, government and active duty, food problems, and the shaping of educational programs to meet the demands of the war, and work on draft boards by women psychologists.

Topic: Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Subfield: General Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Value-Based Benefit Design: Using a Predictive Modeling Approach to Improve Compliance

BACKGROUND: Increased medication compliance rates have been demonstrated to result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced overall medical expenditures. As such, managed care stakeholders should take the total value approach to benefit design and consider total medical costs beyond the cost of pharmacotherapy alone. OBJECTIVES: To describe the value-based benefit design employed by Pitney Bowes (specifically, the predictive modeling approach), to improve medication compliance, and to report the results of this intervention. SUMMARY: Despite significant skepticism surrounding value-based benefit design, there is growing evidence that these plans can be used in conjunction with careful pharmacy management. In fact, value-based design provides a different lever on pharmacy management and allows for the appropriate drug to be channeled to the appropriate person. Studies demonstrating the adverse impact of high coinsurance levels further augment the argument for value-based benefit design. Value-based benefit design was employed at Pitney Bowes, a $6.1-billion global provider of integrated mailstream solutions, with noticeable success. Patients were either placed in a disease management program or in a secondary program promoting preventive care. The company selectively cut copays to achieve that end, and this total valueapproach translated into significant savings. CONCLUSIONS: To develop a successful value-based benefit design, stakeholders cannot simply cut costs or cut copays. Action must be taken as part of a concerted program, coupled with disease management or similar interventions. Value based- means that positive outcomes are the ultimate goal, and barriers to those positive outcomes must be addressed.

Topic: Medication Adherence and Compliance
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fine-tuned Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Social Media Data: Comparative Study

This study investigated and compared public sentiment related to COVID-19 vaccines expressed on two popular social media platforms, Reddit and Twitter, harvested from January 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022. To accomplish this task, we created a fine-tuned DistilRoBERTa model to predict sentiments of approximately 9.5 million Tweets and 70 thousand Reddit comments. To fine-tune our model, our team manually labeled the sentiment of 3600 Tweets and then augmented our dataset by the method of back-translation. Text sentiment for each social media platform was then classified with our fine-tuned model using Python and the Huggingface sentiment analysis pipeline. Our results determined that the average sentiment expressed on Twitter was more negative (52% positive) than positive and the sentiment expressed on Reddit was more positive than negative (53% positive). Though average sentiment was found to vary between these social media platforms, both displayed similar behavior related to sentiment shared at key vaccine-related developments during the pandemic. Considering this similar trend in shared sentiment demonstrated across social media platforms, Twitter and Reddit continue to be valuable data sources that public health officials can utilize to strengthen vaccine confidence and combat misinformation. As the spread of misinformation poses a range of psychological and psychosocial risks (anxiety, fear, etc.), there is an urgency in understanding the public perspective and attitude toward shared falsities. Comprehensive educational delivery systems tailored to the population's expressed sentiments that facilitate digital literacy, health information-seeking behavior, and precision health promotion could aid in clarifying such misinformation.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Water soluble drug delivery systems based on a non-biological bioadhesive polymeric system.

Matrix properties and release behaviour of monolithic devices based on a water soluble polymer has been investigated. Polyethyleneoxides of different molecular weights have been used and different molecular weight fractions have been blended in order to tune the release mechanism. Drug release kinetics have been closely related to swelling and dissolution properties of the adopted matrices. In particular the development of the external swollen layer of the tablet as well as the kinetic of dissolution have been monitored. The different drug delivery behaviours observed were related to the different matrix properties. Viscoelastic properties of the matrices have been also investigated. In fact, in order to obtain effective bioadhesive drug release devices, apart from the intrinsic mucoadhesive capabilities of the used polymers, also the viscoelastic properties of the water-polymer gel must also be taken into account. A good interpenetration between the adjacent layers of the mucus and the polymer gel is ineffective in holding the mucoadhesive tablet at a specific site if the polymer gel does not have a proper viscoelastic behaviour. The best compromise between good release, viscoelatic and mucoadhesive properties was obtained in the case of 50% by weight blend of the two adopted polymer fractions (600,000 and 4,000,000 molecular weight).

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Television chefs aim for taste and appeal, not health

Howard and colleagues were surprised that TV chefs’ recipes scored worse on fat, protein, and fibre than ready made meals.1

Embedded in that surprise lies the assumption that health ought to prominently inform TV cooking. However, we do not watch Gordon Ramsey, Jamie Oliver, or Heston Blumenthal because …

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strahlendiagnostik — in der Medizin ja, für die Verfahrenstechnik nein? Ein kritischer Vergleich

Abstract Radiodiagnostics – yes in medical applications, no in process engineering? A critical comparison . There is no doubt that to date medicine has profited most from the application of radiation. There are indeed applications in engineering, including in process engineering, but if one compares the vast field of medical radiodiagnostics, including the important area of computer tomography, to the transmission measurements relying on the same fundamental principles of measurement and employed in engineering, e.g. in the determination of the density of a material, enormous differences can be found as regards both the quantity and the quality of such measurements. This becomes even more apparent if one compares the localization and functional examinations in nuclear medicine to the functional tests performed on process equipment or processes with the help of radiotracers. Whilst today diagnosis with radionuclides is quite commonplace in any major hospital, radiotracer techniques are used but rarely, if at all, in apparatus and process engineering.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing Adolescents’ Information Management with Mothers and Fathers: A Brief Report

Abstract Adolescents’ information management is a fundamental topic for research on adolescence, with numerous studies using Kerr and Stattin’s (2000; Stattin &amp; Kerr, 2000) scale or adapted versions from this tool for the assessment of this key dimension of parent-child relationships. Although this measure was initially considered to be a unidimensional scale assessing disclosure, studies later suggested a two-factor structure, making a distinction between disclosure and secrecy. The objective of this study is to analyse the factorial structure of Kerr and Stattin’s (2000) original scale of routine disclosure, including a separate analysis of the scale functioning when used to assess information management with mothers and with fathers. Participants came from a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 11–18 years old who had taken part in the 2014 edition of the WHO-collaborative survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using EQS 6.1 to compare two competing factorial structures based on the literature: one factor vs two correlated factors. Results showed that the two correlated-factors structure had a better fit to the data, both for the analysis of the maternal and paternal scales. However, one of the disclosure items also loaded on secrecy, which can be attributed to the item content. Therefore, although our results further support the differentiation between disclosure and secrecy, they also point to a possible effect of the imbalance of item content in this scale functioning, which requires attention in future research.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Reflection mechanism and its application in AOP

Structural conflict is one of the key issues in AOP software. The framework introduced in this paper has ideally solved this issue at semantic level. It achieves decoupling between the base program and definition of the pointcut by adding a conceptual level between them. In the framework implementation, the meta level in reflection mechanism is regarded as the conceptual level, and the metal objects are generated by the logical information in base program automatically.

Topic: Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Detection and Evaluation of Hydrogen Bond Strength in Nucleic Acid Base Pairs

The strengths of N-H---N and N-H---O hydrogen bonds in 15 nucleic acid base pairs have been investigated using different descriptors. Geometrical and energetic criteria, atoms in molecules topological parameters, natural bond orbital analysis, and spectroscopic measurements have been used to detect the H-bonds and evaluate their strengths in the intermolecular interactions between five nucleic acid bases. Different correlations have been obtained between many of these descriptors to provide a global view of H-bond interaction. We found good linear correlations for the dependence of some descriptors such as atomic interpenetration and hyperconjugation energy on density at bond critical point, while others like destabilization of H-atom energy, variation in N-H frequency, and NMR parameters correlate in a much worse fashion. The calculations suggest that almost all H-bonds in different base pairs belong to medium strength H-bonds. We found in thymine the H-bond interaction is more likely through the amide-type oxygen while the situation is reverse for uracil in which the urea-type oxygen is more accessible to form an H-bond. Cytosine and guanine can also form H-bonds via their amine-type or amide-type nitrogens. In cytosine, the amine-type nitrogen is involved in an N-H---O bond interaction, while, in guanine, the amide-type nitrogen has a greater contribution to H-bond interaction.

Topic: Crystallography and molecular interactions
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of 2 Vegetation-Height Management Practices for Wildlife Control at Airports

Vegetation-height management is a potential method to reduce bird numbers at airports. Based on studies in Europe, researchers recommended vegetation heights around 25 cm; however, preliminary studies in the United States produced conflicting results regarding the effect of tall (18 to &gt;25 cm) vegetation on bird numbers at airports. From 1999 to 2002, we compared birds and other wildlife use of 4 short-vegetation plots (mean maximum height of 15.6 cm ± 5.1 SE and visual obstruction reading of 4.6 ± 3.0 cm) and 4 tall-vegetation plots (mean maximum height of 26.9 ± 8.4 cm and visual obstruction reading of 10.0 ± 5.0 cm) in Ohio. We surveyed bird use of the plots 2 to 3 times/week and observed 6,191 birds in short-vegetation plots and 5,962 birds in tall-vegetation plots. We detected no difference between short-vegetation and tall-vegetation plots in the probability of avian use of the plots when evaluated as a binary response of presence and absence. Small mammal capture rates in 100 adjusted trap nights were 0.0 in short-vegetation plots and 0.3 in tall-vegetation plots. We found no difference in the number of deer observed in the plots during sunset and spotlighting counts. There was slightly greater insect biomass in tall than in short-vegetation plots. Mowing negatively affected small mammal use. The generalization that tall vegetation (18 to &gt;25 cm) alone would reduce bird use of an airport is not supported by the results of this study. Further research on vegetation density, composition, palatability, and nutritional value is necessary to accommodate airfield requirements for habitat that is pleasing to the public and repellent to wildlife.

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Robust full-motion recovery of head by dynamic templates and re-registration techniques

This paper presents a method to recover the full-motion (3 rotations and 3 translations) of the head using a cylindrical model. The robustness of the approach is achieved by a combination of three techniques. First, we use the iteratively re-weighted least squares (IRLS) technique in conjunction with the image gradient to deal with non-rigid motion and occlusion. Second, while tracking, the templates are dynamically updated to diminish the effects of self-occlusion and gradual lighting changes and keep tracking the head when most of the face is not visible. Third, because the dynamic templates may cause error accumulation, we re-register images to a reference frame when head pose is close to a reference pose. The performance of the real-time tracking program was evaluated in three separate experiments using image sequences (both synthetic and real) for which ground truth head motion is known. The real sequences included pitch and yaw of as large as 40/spl deg/ and 75/spl deg/ respectively. The average recovery accuracy of the 3D rotations was found to be about 3/spl deg/.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanisms of spindle bipolarity establishment in acentrosomal human cells

Centrosomes are not absolutely essential for cell division; acentrosomal bipolar spindles can be established in oocytes and centrosome-eliminated somatic cells. However, the detailed mechanisms describing how spindle bipolarity is established without centrosomes are not completely understood. We have recently demonstrated that in acentrosomal human cells, nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) assemblies-mediated microtubule asters and EG5 promote spindle bipolarization in early mitosis.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigation of load noise generation of large power transformer by means of coupled 3D FEM analysis

Purpose This paper aims to present a 3D numerical analysis of the load noise generation associated with large, oil immersed three‐phase power transformers. Design/methodology/approach After studying the mechanical behavior of the winding structures of transformers, the results of coupled magneto‐mechanical simulations are presented. Findings An appropriate modeling strategy of the vibratory winding structures of transformers is necessary to reduce complexity and computational resources. Originality/value The presented model setup describes a fully transient, 3D coupled magneto‐mechanical simulation of the vibratory winding structure of large power transformers.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Housework Time Allocation and Lifestyles of Married Women

Recently, it seems that female lifestyles are diversifying, but this diversification does not always bring about greater choices. Housework is still deemed to be women's work. In Japan few studies have examined the factors of housework time. This study uses data from a Time Budget Survey in Matsuyama city to analyze differences in time spent on housework by married women. Married women's housework time is generally controlled by four factors; their employment status, family type, the degree of cooperation obtained and the number of children. In terms of housework, married women's lifestyles can be classified into six types according to the housework hours and related factors. According to the results, all types of women are kept busy by housework and/or paid employ. Particuarly, women with people who cooperate with housework have less leisure time than any other groups.This suggests that married women are strongly influenced by gender role ideology.

Topic: Work-Family Balance Challenges
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences