jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Present Condition of Tree Species Planting in the Soswaewon Garden and their Chronological Changes

This study investigated the background thoughts and geographical characteristics of the trees planted in Soswaewon garden located in Damyang, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. This study also investigated the tree species in the early years of the garden and their chronological changes. The number of trees planted in Soswaewon garden is presently 135 in 22 species, which consists of 107 arboreals in 15 species and shrubs in 7 species. Tree species which showed high frequency rates were Zelkova serrata, Lagerstroemia indica, Acer palmatum, Sophora japonica and Rhododendron indicum. The background thoughts of these trees were Feng Shui, Yin Yang, and Confucianism for Zelkova serrata; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Lagerstroemia indica; Confucianism for Acer palmatum; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Sophora japonica. Rhododendron indicum was planted just for decoration without any particular background thoughts. In exploring geographical characteristics, all of 5 trees species were found to grow well everywhere in southern regions of Korea, especially in maritime climate of the south west coasts. Literature survey revealed the tree species planted in the early years of the garden. Back in 1548 when Soswaewon was first established, there were 11 tree species growing, then 12 species in 1755, 28 species in 1983, 23 species in 1999, and 24 species in 2012. At present, there are 22 tree species growing in Soswaewon garden.

Topic: Ecology and Conservation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[A case report of lung cancer with chest wall invasion arising from a bulla wall].

A 45-year-old man with a history of pulmonary bullae complained of back pain and chest pain while playing golf. His plain chest X-ray film revealed pulmonary bullae and an 8 cm tumorous mass. Although bronchoscopic biopsy was unsuccessful, adenocarcinoma was confirmed by transcutaneous lung biopsy. Because chest wall invasion was found by CT scanning, right upper lobectomy with chest wall resection and dissection of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes was performed (p-T3N0M0, stage IIIA, relative curative resection). The postoperative course was uneventful and no sign of recurrence is evident eight months later. It was strongly suggested by histopathological study that the chest wall invasion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma arose from the bulla wall. Formerly, only two non-curatively resected cases with chest wall invasion of lung cancer arising from a bulla have been reported in Japanese literature.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Treatment of hirsutism related to micropolycystic ovary syndrome (MPCO) with two low-dose oestrogen oral contraceptives: a comparative randomized evaluation.

In order to evaluate the clinical and endocrinological efficacy of two low-dose oral contraceptives (OC) containing 30 micrograms Ethinylestradiol (EE) and 150 micrograms Desogestrel (DG) and 75 micrograms Gestodene (GD), respectively, an open randomized study was carried out in 34 young hirsute women, matched for body mass index and age. All of them met endocrine and ultrasonic criteria for Micropolycystic Ovary Syndrome (MPCO). The participants were randomly assigned to one of two pill groups (each of 17). The serum values for Total Testosterone (TT), Free Testosterone (FT), Androstenedione (A), Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS), 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17Pg), Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), Ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as Ferriman-Gallwey Index (FGI) and Free Androgen Index (FAI) were evaluated prior to and after EE-DG and EE-GD 6 cycle treatment. A significant decrease in TT, FT, A, 17Pg, DHEA, DHEAS, FGI, FAI was observed, SHRG and CP increased significantly. There were no significant differences between the two OC. Our results seem to indicate that both OC are equipotent as far as their pharmacological profile and residual androgenic activity are concerned. Therefore, these OC may represent a highly effective and suitable alternative to the treatment of hyperandrogenism related to MPCO.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forbidden Family. A Wartime Memoir of the Philippines, 1941–1945. By Margaret Sams. Edited by Lynn Z. Bloom. Wisconsin Studies in American Autobiography. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. xviii, 316 pp. $19.95.

Book Review| November 01 1990 Forbidden Family. A Wartime Memoir of the Philippines, 1941–1945 Forbidden Family. A Wartime Memoir of the Philippines, 1941–1945. By Margaret Sams. Edited by Lynn Z. Bloom. Wisconsin Studies in American Autobiography. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. xviii, 316 pp. $19.95. Ronald K. Edgerton Ronald K. Edgerton University of Northern Colorado Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Asian Studies (1990) 49 (4): 1009–1010. https://doi.org/10.2307/2058339 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ronald K. Edgerton; Forbidden Family. A Wartime Memoir of the Philippines, 1941–1945. Journal of Asian Studies 1 November 1990; 49 (4): 1009–1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2058339 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Asian Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 19901990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Philippine History and Culture
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preoperative evaluation of the elderly patient.

Elderly patients are more likely to require surgery and to experience surgical complications than are younger patients. However, age should not be the sole factor in the decision for or against surgery. The surgical risk can be estimated on the basis of both age-related and disease-associated changes in the individual patient. Preoperative evaluation of the elderly patient requires assessment of cardiopulmonary and renal function, immune function, nutritional status and overall homeostatic capacity.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Comparison of the Perceived Performance of Mentoring Functions of National BoardCertified and Non-National Board-Certified Teachers with Their Protégés

National Board-certified (NBC) teachers are recognized as accomplished teachers who have met the National Board’s stringent standards. These teachers are encouraged to serve as mentors to novice teachers and veteran teachers in candidacy for National Board Certification. This study identified and compared the career and psychosocial mentoring functions that NBC teacher mentors and non-NBC teacher mentors perceived they provided to their protégés at the elementary grade levels. National Board-certified protégés’ perceptions of having the functions provided were compared with those of their teacher mentors and with the protégés of non-NBC teacher mentors.\nThe research was conducted in a large urban school district in Florida and included 190 participants: 95 mentors and their protégés. The teacher mentors’ perceptions of having provided the mentoring functions were assessed using the Mentoring Functions Scale for the Mentor, and the protégés’ perceptions were measured with the Mentoring Functions Scale for the Protégé. Both instruments were adapted for this study from a previous mentoring scale for the protégé developed by Noe (1988). Results for the study indicated no statistically significant differences between the NBC teacher mentors and the non-NBC teacher mentors in their perceptions of having provided the functions. Significant differences were found between NBC teacher mentors and their protégés on the exposure-and-visibility function, between non-NBC teacher mentors and their protégés on the challenging assignments function, and between all mentors and all protégés on the challenging assignments function.\nImplications for teacher mentors, administrators, and scholars are provided. These include developing or updating existing mentoring programs to include the career and psychosocial functions studied in this research, providing mentors and protégés with information about the functions in order to assess the existence of specific functions, expanding professional development time to address functions that may have been inadequate, and possibly limiting the number of protégés with whom teacher mentors interact and guide.

Topic: Mentoring and Academic Development
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Retrospectives: Between God and the Market: The Religious Roots of the American Economic Association

This essay examines the strong influence of the Social Gospel movement on the founding of the American Economic Association. Richard T. Ely, the driving force behind the Association's founding, was also the most popular figure in the Social Gospel movement. The essay discusses Ely's influence in the statement of principles that shaped the early AEA and how the founders conceived their original mission as a scientific enterprise to better the lives of the poor and the working class.

Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of spermine on activity and stability of calcium-dependent guanosine 3‘,5‘-monophosphate phosphodiesterase.

Spermine in micromolar concentrations decreased the basal activity of a guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase from bovine brain but had no effect in the presence of Ca2+ plus the calcium-dependent regulatory protein (CDR) which increased the activity of the enzyme 4- to 6-fold. Similar effects of spermine were observed on the enzyme at several stages of purification. Spermidine and putrescine were also inhibitory but higher concentrations were required. In the absence of Ca2+ and CDR, the enzyme exhibited two apparent Km values for cGMP (2.5 and 20 microM) which were unaltered by spermine. In the presence of Ca2+ and CDR (when spermine had no effect on activity), a single Km (3.5 microM) was observed. Enzyme purified by chromatography on CDR-Sepharose was rapidly inactivated during incubation at 30 degrees C in 5 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with EDTA and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Spermine (20 microM) partially stabilized enzyme activity under these conditions, although it was somewhat less effective than 2 mM MgCl2. The inhibitory effects of spermine (or other polyamines) on basal phosphodiesterase activity, which can be overcome by Ca2+ and CDR, could be important in the regulation of cellular cyclic nucleotide content.

Topic: Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effect of Silica on Hydrogen Evolution and Corrosion of Iron in High-Temperature Water

Corrosion of iron in high-temperature water was investigated by observing pH change and hydrogen liberation from solutions dispersed with fine iron powders of large specific surface area. The observed rapid increases in pH here attributed to the extremely large surface-to-solution ratio. It has found that hydrogen liberation has significantly suppressed by silica, which implies that silica can work as a corrosion inhibitor. It has postulated that corrosion has inhibited by the thin protective layers formed through the silica coordination on iron surface and the subsequent olation reaction among ferrous/ferric ion and hydroxyl ion. The specific amount of silica required for corrosion inhibition was estimated to be 3.9 × 10−10 mol Si/cm2 Fe. Silica also controlled hydrogen evolution or corrosion even under γ-ray irradiation. It was found that dissolved oxygen enhanced the corrosion inhibition by silica in the presence of γ-rays.

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functional Donor Site Morbidity Following Vascularized Toe Transfer Procedures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and pooled analysis of vascularized toe-to-hand transfer to determine functional donor site morbidity among different techniques. METHODS: Pubmed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases search yielded 302 citations, with 64 meeting inclusion criteria. Pooled outcomes and analysis is reported. RESULTS: A total of 954 digits transfers (442 isolated great toe transfers, 379 isolated second toe transfers, and 153 transferred toes classified as ‘other’) were analyzed (80.8% male, 19.2% female). Etiology of injury was traumatic in greater than 99% of cases. Overall functional impairment analysis found 23.7% (97 digit transfers) experienced gait impairment, while 76.3% (313 digit transfers) reported no functional impairment. Subgroup analysis is depicted in Figure 1. 27.8% of free great toe transfers manifested some form of gait impairment versus 19.9% of great toe wraparound transfers. Five studies demonstrated imbalance of force in improper anatomical distribution, with two studies showing increased load on the 4th/5th metatarsal heads, and piezoelectric gait analysis showing impaired propulsion during gait. Preserving the ray resulted in hallux rigidus at the MTP resulting in increased load over the 3rd/4th metatarsal heads, valguization of the second toe with radiographic misalignment, and impairment in the pushoff phase of gait. However, 3 other forms of dynamic pedobarography, and 10 subjective reports from patients and physicians found no or less impairment in gait. Mean follow-up time was 62.6 months CONCLUSIONS: Functional foot impairment can occur following various toe transfer procedures due to altered biomechanics of weight distribution and gait. Rigorous biomechanical foot evaluation of this subset of patients is lacking, but current data suggests certain distinct findings. Great toe transfer appears to have the highest morbidity rate, but lower re-operative intervention as compared to second toe transfer. Preserving ray projection does not prevent biomechanical changes to the foot, but may delay functional impairment leading to favorable functional interpretation by patients and surgeons.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Readability and Quality Levels of Websites That Contain Written Information About Lateral Epicondylitis: A Survey of Turkish Websites

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the contents and readability levels of informational texts about lateral epicondylitis (LE) on Turkish websites. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we performed online searches using the Turkish terms for 'lateral epicondylitis' and 'tennis elbow' on the Google, Yandex, and Yahoo search engines on May 8, 2022, and recorded the first ten pages of each search result. We classified the websites according to their sources. Group 1 was classified as websites prepared by private hospitals or medical centres, Group 2 as individual websites of orthopaedic or physical therapists, and Group 3 as non-profit websites providing general health information that did not fall into the first two groups. Two reviewers analyzed the websites based on the website interface and the scoring for the LE content. Results: Among the 89 analyzed websites, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding Ateşman Readability Index scores. Group 1 got the highest score in terms of website content, closely followed by Group 2. The website content score of Group 3 was significantly lower than the other two groups. Conclusion: The readability level of the texts on the informational Turkish websites related to LE is above the education level of our country. Further studies should be carried out on the propagation of internet accreditation systems, which aim to increase the reliability of the information on websites, also for Turkish websites. Accordingly, the development of future LE-related websites should comply with evidence-based guidelines and be written at an appropriate level to ensure the availability of reliable and understandable information for patients.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PREVENTION OF TRAUMATIC COMPLICATIONS IN CONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPY BY MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Traumatic complications in the form of fractures of the spinal vertebrae and extremities represent a serious drawback to convulsive shock therapy. To date, none of the measures suggested to prevent complications have been accepted as entirely prophylactic or entirely practical. The essential problem in convulsive therapy is to eliminate or soften the severity of the tonic muscular contractions which cause skeletal fractures by direct muscle pull. Various chemical agents have been used to nullify the severity of the convulsion. These agents act by blocking the peripheral neuromuscular mechanism and thus produce peripheral motor paralysis of all striated musculature. Bennett,<sup>1</sup>who was the first to apply the principle of curarization in shock therapy, demonstrated that an aqueous extract of crude curare could be standardized and given safely prior to metrazol convulsive therapy. He has reported and demonstrated that he can produce with the intravenous administration of curare a flaccid motor

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Price promotions effects of virtue and vice products

Purpose – This paper aims to propose models that capture the own effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales and cross effects within the subcategory, between subcategories and between periods. The hypotheses assume that, due to reverse consumption self-control, the demand for vice products is more price-sensitive than demand for virtue products, but the demand for vice products is less price-sensitive between periods than demand for virtue products; furthermore, due to the degree of impulse-buying and to licensing, the demand sensitivity of the products of a subcategory and of those of other subcategories varies according to the type of promoted product (vice or virtue). Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on different econometrical models that estimate the total net effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales. Findings – The results show a greater own effect for price promotions of vice products than for virtue products. However, the complementary sales effect between subcategories for virtue products facilitates greater expansion of the subcategory in virtue products than in vice products. Originality/value – Although price promotions of virtue products (light) and vice products (regular) have proliferated in recent years, researchers have only estimated their own sales effect. Alternatively, the paper contributes by considering own and cross effects.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Activity levels of transuranic nuclides in low-level solid wastes from U. S. power reactors

This second interim report describes results of nuclide analyses of low-level radioactive waste from operating nuclear power plants. The report presents the results of the analyses although the emphasis is on the interim interpretation of the results. Median values of transuranic and other nuclide concentrations are calculated for the principal categories of wastes from the twenty plants included in the study. These samples were collected over a period of up to three years. The median concentrations of plutonium for each waste category is considerably below ten nanocuries/gram. A correlation has been found to exist betweeen measured concentrations of plutonium and cerium. This correlation can be used to estimate plutonium concentrations indirectly through gamma-ray spectrometry.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pollution, place, and premature death: evidence from a mid-sized city

Neighborhood life expectancy varies by as much as 10 years across the City of Louisville. In 2013, the Greater Louisville Project funded by local government, businesses, and foundations, argued these differences had little to do with environmental factors. The Greater Louisville Project (2013) study argued that these neighborhood differences could be attributed 40% to socio-economic factors (with a major emphasis on education), 10% to physical environment, 30% to health behaviors, and 20% to access to medical care. To test these claims, we construct our own model of neighborhood variation in years of potential life lost (YPLL) by adding two variables testing environmental degradation. We operationalise two separate measures of environmental contamination: proximity to EPA designated brownfield sites and proximity to chemical factories in an industrial park in the neighborhood known as "Rubbertown". We conduct several regression analyses, which show a relationship between proximity to environmental contaminants and an increase in neighborhood YPLL. Our beta weights challenge the claims made by the Greater Louisville Project, which minimize the impact nearness to environmental contaminants has on reductions in life expectancy in Louisville neighborhoods.

Topic: Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pro-hepcidin levels are decreased in advanced hepatitis C liver disease

AIM: Iron homoestasis is impaired in chronic hepatitis C. The hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin is thought to play an important role in both, iron metabolism and inflammation. Therefore, pro-hepcidin levels were determined in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Prostate 70:190 ^199 (2010) Tumor Suppressor PAX6Functions as AndrogenReceptorCo-Repressor to Inhibit

BACKGROUND. PAX6, a transcription factor, has currently been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma and to act as an early differentiation marker for neuroendocrine cells. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer development and progression due to its transcriptional activity in regulating genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. To determine the role of PAX6 in prostate cancer, we investigated whether PAX6 interacts with AR to affect prostate cancer development. METHODS. We used immunostaining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting assays to show the expression status of PAX6 in prostate tissue and human prostate cancer cell lines. The role of PAX6 in cell growth and colony regeneration potential of LNCaP cells were evaluated byMTT assay and soft agar assay with PAX6-overexpressed LNCaP cells. Mammalian two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were used to demonstrate the interaction between PAX6 andAR. Reporter gene andQ-RT-PCR assays were performed to determine the effects of PAX6 on the function of AR. RESULTS. In prostate cancer tissues, PAX6 expression was stronger in normal epithelial cells than cancer cells, and decreased in LNCaP cells compared to that of DU145 and PC3 cells.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences