jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ULNAR NEUROPATHY AT ELBOW

<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> In all disciplines and subspecialties, all surgeons who are treating complex elbow diseases must be aware of the principles in assessment and treatment of both acute and chronic ulnar neuropathies. Management of chronic compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve is still considered a complex and a challenging aspect that faces physicians. Appraisal of the literature via systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrates that the best management for patients with ulnar neuropathy is still not clear. Understanding of the subtleties in clinical manifestations and thorough consideration of the timing and type of surgical interventions are essential to optimize results following management of ulnar neuropathy. In addition, treatment of acute ulnar nerve injuries has been recently altered following the introduction of advanced nerve transfer techniques.</em> <strong><em>Aim of work: </em></strong><em>In this review, we will discuss Ulnar neuropathy at elbow</em> <strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong><em> We did a systematic search for Ulnar neuropathy at elbow in the emergency department using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles.</em> <strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>Ulnar neuropathy is a commonly encountered condition, in both in the general population and in the athletes. Thorough clinical assessment and discerning assessment of electrodiagnostic tests are useful in detecting the progression of recovery with non-surgical and surgical modalities of treatment. The possible need for decompression at both the cubital tunnel and Guyon’s canal should be well understood. Adherence to the principles of surgical decompression and the pearls which we stated above will help the surgeon in providing a reliable and durable outcome. Supplementation of decompression with supercharged end-to-side nerve transfer could potentially expedite motor recovery of the ulnar intrinsic muscles in the appropriately selected patient.</em> <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Neurology, Ulnar neuropathy, elbow, presentation, management.</em>

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flight rapidly modulates body temperature in freely behaving bats

Abstract Background Bats are remarkable in their dynamic control over body temperature, showing both hypothermia with torpor and hyperthermia during flight. Despite considerable research in understanding bats' thermoregulation mechanisms, knowledge on the relationship between flight and body temperature in bats remains limited, possibly due to technological restraints. Results We used onboard dataloggers including a temperature sensor and an inertial sensor (accelerometers) and continuously recorded the flight behavior and skin temperature ( T sk ) subcutaneously of a perch-hunting bat, Hipposideros armiger , both in the laboratory and in the field. We provide evidence that flight increases the body temperature of bats. The median of the maximum increase in the T sk caused by flight bouts was 3.4 °C (between 1.9 and 5.3 °C for different individuals) in the laboratory. The maximum T sk for the bats was narrowly centered around 40 °C (between 38.5 and 40.9 °C). Moreover, we found that the faster the T sk rises, the greater the maximum increase in T sk . Interestingly, bats can slow down the T sk rises with intermittent fights, during which they perch after brief flight bouts to allow the body temperature to drop rapidly. Similar data were collected from field recordings in free-ranging bats. Conclusions We suggest that perch-hunting behavior observed in approximately 200 species of bats that results in intermittent flights may function as a thermoregulatory strategy, in addition to optimizing energy efficiency as demonstrated by previous studies.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Digital Transformation of a Swiss Ski Destination

Digitalization is having an increasing impact on companies everywhere, and none more so than those in the travel industry. For example, according to travel industry experts, it is directly affecting hotels and other tourist accommodation that need to attract guests. The rise of digitalization raises many questions for the travel industry. This chapter focuses on the impact of digitalization on a ski resort and asks the following questions: what are the effects of digitalization on a skiing destination? How would such a destination cope with digitalization? And what would the ideal strategy look like? In a tourist center, every accommodation proprietor would very probably like to keep up with the changes in digitalization, as part of their marketing response. They can pursue this aim individually or with others. Objectively it would make more sense and give everyone more chance of success if they worked together under a single roof, that of the Destination Management Organization (DMO). The DMO would be the driver of the change process itself. The following case study demonstrates that a DMO has to think of a different marketing process compared with what it has had in previous decades, when it is faced with its industry's digitalization. Considering the changes that will have to be made within such organizations to cope with the trends in digitalization over the next few years, there are numerous challenges for destinations and accommodation properties alike.

Topic: Digital Innovation in Industries
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Modelling effects of inter-group contact on links between population size and cultural complexity

Human populations rely on cultural artefacts for their survival. Populations vary dramatically in the size of their tool repertoires, and the determinants of these cultural repertoire sizes have been the focus of extensive study. A prominent hypothesis, supported by computational models of cultural evolution, asserts that tool repertoire size increases with population size. However, not all empirical studies have found such a correlation, leading to a contentious and ongoing debate. As a possible resolution to this longstanding controversy, we suggest that accounting for even rare cultural migration events that allow sharing of knowledge between different-sized populations may help explain why a population’s size might not always predict its cultural repertoire size. Using an agent-based model to test assumptions about the effects of population size and connectivity on tool repertoires, we find that cultural exchange between a focal population and others, particularly with large populations, may significantly boost its tool repertoire size. Thus, two populations of identical size may have drastically different tool repertoire sizes, hinging upon their access to other groups’ knowledge. Intermittent contact between populations boosts cultural repertoire size and still allows for the development of unique tool repertoires that have limited overlap between populations.

Topic: Language and cultural evolution
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Countable Choice as a Questionable Uniformity Principle

Should weak forms of the axiom of choice really be accepted within constructive mathematics? A critical view of the Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov interpretation, accompanied by the intention to include nondeterministic algorithms, leads us to subscribe to Richman's appeal for dropping countable choice. As an alternative interpretation of intuitionistic logic, we propose to renew dialogue semantics.

Topic: Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two Novel Cyclic Peptides with Antifungal Activity from the Cyanobacterium<i> Tolypothrix byssoidea</i> (EAWAG 195)

Two novel cyclic tridecapeptides, tolybyssidins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture medium of mass cultured cyanobacterium Tolypothrix byssoidea (EAWAG 195) by means of bioguided isolation. The gross structures of these peptides were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and tandem mass spectrometry. Both peptides contain the nonnatural amino acid dehydrohomoalanine (Dhha) as well as proteinogenic amino acids albeit with D- or L-configuration. The compounds exhibit moderate antifungal activity against the yeast Candida albicans.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
I. “NUMERICAL CHEMOTAXONOMY” AND OTHER ASPECTS OF CHEMOSYSTEMATICS

Summary The possible sources of error resulting from the use of phenolic spot patterns in chemosystematic studies are discussed. It is argued that identification of compounds eliminates the need for making assumptions which may be erroneous. Examples are provided to demonstrate that identification of phenolics provides the basis for more meaningful interpretations of the chemical data. Two procedures are presented for carrying out studies in which the structures of the compounds may be determined. Chemical information must not be given undue weight when used in systematic studies. It is usually of greatest value when combined with other data.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bioactive sphingolipid mediators promote corneal epithelial homeostasis and wound healing

Purpose To investigate sphingolipid expression profile in alkali‐burned cornea and subsequently evaluate effects of the selected species on corneal epithelial wound healing. Methods All experiments were performed using porcine cornea organ culture or porcine corneal epithelial cells ( PCEC ). For sphingolipid profiling samples were spiked with internal standards, extracted by Bligh&amp;Dyer method and analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. PCEC viability/proliferation and migration were assessed using MTT and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Epithelial wound healing in cornea organ culture was followed by fluorescein staining. Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of selected sphingolipids were studied using iTRAQ ‐based quantitative proteomics. Results Sphingolipid profiling of alkali‐burned corneas revealed early decrease in sphingosine 1‐phosphate and lysosphingomyelin with concomitant increase of ceramide 1‐phosphate. We tested 7 lipids from aforesaid subclasses for their ability to affect proliferation/viability and migration of PCEC . 2 lipids: A , B improved viability/proliferation of alkali‐injured PCEC , induced PCEC chemotaxis as well as promoted re‐epithelialization after alkali burn in cornea organ culture. Another lipid: C potently improved viability/proliferation of healthy PCEC in a wide range of concentrations. In response to A / B/C treatments PCEC displayed differential expression of 114/375/47 proteins, majority with binding and catalytic activity functions. Proteins ↑ upon A/B were involved mainly in proliferation, adhesion and glycolysis, while upon C ‐ in maintenance of corneal epithelial homeostasis. Conclusions We identified 2 sphingolipids that facilitate cornea re‐epithelialization by promoting proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells and another that promotes healthy corneal epithelial cell phenotype.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Notions and distortions of professional practices vs. social and labor realities in the university context

The link between higher education institutions, the context, and the government constitutes one of the main articulating axes of social development. The university's mission is to preserve the cultural heritage, generate knowledge, and transfer it to new generations. Together with the primordial values of humanity, it must guarantee that they can be inserted in these relationships. In this sense, a qualitative study was conducted with a complex approach in which diverse methodological aspects were integrated into the main design, which was ethnomethodology. The research was carried out at the Universidad Nacional Experimental Sur del Lago, Venezuela, and its objective was to evaluate the representation of the professional practice process from a multidimensional perspective. The results show that professional practices should occur periodically and not at the end of the formative period to avoid a late confrontation between theory and practice. In addition, a constant curricular transformation should be generated, updated, and contextualized according to the development needs of the social and academic environment.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Causal factors of mass mortality of hatchery reared Clarias gariepinus fry during exogenous feeding

The study investigated the causal factors associated with mass mortality of hatchery-reared Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 fry during exogenous feeding. A feeding trial and fry re-infection trial were conducted using four different starter diets. The food samples were fed to 480 post-yolk-absorbed fries for 21 days in two replicates. Samples of dead fry were cultured for bacteria using standard methods. The total aerobic and coliform were significantly higher in all food samples, meanwhile, alkaline pH (9.25±0.34) and low dissolved oxygen (4.5±1.08) were not significantly different (P>0.05) in all water tanks. The bacterial pathogens isolated from dead fries were Aeromonas hydrophila Stainer, 1943 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, 1990, whereas significantly higher mortality in experimentally infected fry was observed (α < 0.05). Mass mortality of C.gariepinus fry observed in this study was associated with bacterial pathogens, bacterial contamination of food, alkaline pH, and low dissolved oxygen.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A review of mind-body therapies in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Part 1: Implications for the elderly.

Reviewers found only a handful of randomized, controlled research studies conducted in the United States. As a result, there is a lack of replicated studies with which to determine appropriate treatment dosage and the mechanisms by which many of the practices work. Compelling anecdotal evidence, the presence of some controlled research, overall cost effectiveness, and the lack of side effects resulting from mind-body treatments make further investigation a high priority.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Road performance of graphene oxide modified cement-based composites

In order to investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the pavement performance of cement-based composites, modified cement-based composites with different content of GO were prepared, and the pavement performance was evaluated by the fluidity, strength and frost resistance. The modification mechanism was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the mechanical properties and frost resistance of GO modified cement-based composites increase greatly and the fluidity decreases. When the content of GO is 0.04% (by mass), the strength of cement-based composites is the highest, and the compressive and flexural strength of the composites at 28 d increase by 31.3% and 44.2% compared with the group with the content of GO of 0. When the content of GO is 0.02%, the cement-based composites have the best frost resistance. After 300 cycles of freezing-thawing, the mass loss rate is only 0.6% as well as the residual compressive strength ratio and residual flexural strength ratio are 69% and 75% respectively. According to the micro-analysis, oxygen-containing hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, etc) on the GO surface can provide growing points for the crystallization of cement hydration products and the calcium silicate gel (C-S-H) grows and cross-links on it and the effect of cross-linking increases with the hydration age.GO can improve the mechanical properties and frost resistance of cement-based composites.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table S11 from Transcriptome Analysis of Recurrently Deregulated Genes across Multiple Cancers Identifies New Pan-Cancer Biomarkers

&lt;p&gt;Summary of the enhancerRNAs detected as differentially expressed in the FANTOM5 analysis and those associated with transcript models from miTranscriptome.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
COVID-19, wall building, and the effects on Migrant Protection Protocols by the Trump administration: the spectacle of the worsening human rights disaster on the Mexico-U.S. border

The COVID-19 pandemic has repercussions well beyond the confines of borders. National border policies can thwart international efforts to combat the spread of infectious diseases. These problems are especially relevant for the United States with the spectacle of President Trump’s “big, beautiful border wall” used as leverage to maintain political and economic power domestically and globally while confronting the coronavirus pandemic. The focus of this paper is the implementation of Trump’s Zero Tolerance Policy, Migrant Protection Protocols, and the Asylum Cooperation Agreement, all aimed primarily at migrants and refugees from Central America to prevent entrance into the U.S. using the border security apparatus. These policies have adverse consequences for people dwelling throughout the Americas as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Intriguing Laments: Sigismondo d'India, Claudio Monteverdi, and Dido alla parmigiana (1628)

The wedding festivities for Duke Odoardo Farnese and Margherita de' Medici held in Parma in December 1628 brought a commission for the music from the Ferrarese impresario, Marquis Enzo Bentivoglio, to Claudio Monteverdi, then maestro di cappella at St. Mark's, Venice. But Sigismondo d'India and other composers also sought to write for Parma, and d'India sent samples of his work to Bentivoglio to bolster his claim of expertise in writing for the theater, including a Lamento di Didone which he had published in 1623. This recitative lament-a close imitation of Monteverdi's famous Lamento d'Arianna-also existed in a polyphonic version (again, like Monteverdi's Lamento d'Arianna), of which only the alto part survives. D'India's failure to gain the 1628 commission was in part the result of intrigue from musicians recruited for the performance, not least the virtuoso soprano Settimia Caccini. But in the end, a lamenting Dido did indeed sing in Parma in 1628, in the second of the spectacular intermedi accompanying a performance of Tasso's Aminta. Although the text by Ascanio Pio di Savoia survives, Monteverdi's music is lost. The metrical, and in part strophic, structures of this text, however, suggest a shift away from the recitative laments characteristic of the genre in the first decades of the seventeenth century in favor of aria-based styles. Thus the 1628 Parma festivities provide intriguing evidence for a broader consideration of stylistic and aesthetic issues in the shift from "Renaissance" to "Baroque" modes of musical discourse.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Dealing with a large number of classes -- Likelihood, Discrimination or Ranking?

We consider training probabilistic classifiers in the case of a large number of classes. The number of classes is assumed too large to perform exact normalisation over all classes. To account for this we consider a simple approach that directly approximates the likelihood. We show that this simple approach works well on toy problems and is competitive with recently introduced alternative non-likelihood based approximations. Furthermore, we relate this approach to a simple ranking objective. This leads us to suggest a specific setting for the optimal threshold in the ranking objective.

Topic: Census and Population Estimation
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microstructures and tensile properties of 304 steel with dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite content prepared by aluminothermic reaction casting

AbstractThe microstructures of 304 stainless steels with different amounts of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite prepared by an aluminothermic reaction casting, without and with annealing at 1073 K for 8 h, have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, an electron probe micro-analyser, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The steels, both without and with annealing, consisted of different dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite combinations and a little nanocrystalline δ ferrite, while the average grain size of the nanocrystalline austenite increased from 19 to 26 nm and volume fraction of the microcrystalline austenite increased from 17 to 30% after annealing. The tensile strength of the steel was dramatically increased from 500 to 1000 MPa and the tensile elongation ratio increased from 8 to 12% after annealing. However, the tensile strength was decreased to 600 MPa and the tensile elongation ratio increased from 12 to 22% after an annealing at 1273 K. The combination of dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite obtained after the annealing at 1073 K results in the best tensile properties.Keywords: 304 stainless steelaluminothermic reactionannealingtensile propertiesdual nanocrystalline–microcrystalline austeniteXRDEPMATEMSEM FundingThis work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 51164022].

Topic: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Tables from CBX8 Exhibits Oncogenic Activity via AKT/β-Catenin Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables contain the following contents: siRNA and primers (Table S1), antibodies (Table S2), correlation of CBX8 and clinical features (Table S3), multivariate analyses of CBX8 (Table S4), data of heatmap in Figure 6A (Table S5), prediction of targets of miR-365a-3p (Table S6), and microRNAs targeting CBX8 (Table S7).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Field management for 500 kV Doushan Substation retrofits

The practice of field management for 500 kV Doushan Substation retrofit is presented.Based on the characteristics of alternate retrofit of the substation which is still operating during its retrofit,the organization measures are proposed,which realize all-round management in the aspects of safety,quality,and schedule to ensure the project to stay in a controllable station.

Topic: Underground infrastructure and sustainability
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences