jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression regulation of type III secretion system 2 in <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> by catabolite activator protein

Abstract Vibrio parahaemolyticus has two sets of type III secretion systems that are major pathogenic factors: T3SS1 (cytotoxicity) and T3SS2 (enterotoxicity). V. parahaemolyticus mainly colonizes the distal small intestine after oral infection and may be exposed to carbon-limiting stress due to the lack of readily available carbohydrates in this environment. Catabolite activator protein (CAP), a transcription factor involved in carbon-limiting metabolism in many Gram-negative bacteria, is well known to be involved in the regulation of the expression of many virulence factors. In this study, we determined the effects of CAP on the expression of T3SSs in this bacterium. Based on a lactate dehydrogenase-based cytotoxicity assay, CAP was found to have a greater contribution to the expression of T3SS2-dependent cytotoxicity than to that of T3SS1. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR revealed decreased expression of many T3SS2-related genes, including vpa1348, in the cap gene deletion mutant compared to the parent strain. CAP was demonstrated to bind near the T-rich elements within the vpa1348 promoter region in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. CAP also enhanced the expression of vpa1348 in a β-galactosidase reporter assay. Collectively, these results suggest that CAP is involved in T3SS2-mediated virulence by regulating the expression of vpa1348 in V. parahaemolyticus.

Topic: Vibrio bacteria research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Examining CEO Characteristics and Carbon Emissions: A Quantile Approach to UK-Listed Firms

This study aims to empirically examine the effects of CEO characteristics (gender, nationality, multiple directorships) on the carbon emissions of UK-listed firms. We focus on understanding how these factors influence carbon emissions across the overall sample and within specific industry sectors grounded on the upper echelons and stakeholder theories. We employed a quantitative research design using quantile regression analysis. Our dataset comprises 295 UK-listed firms from the STOXX 600 Index of European-listed companies, covering the period from 1999 to 2023. Data were sourced from BoardEx, Refinitiv DataStream, annual reports, and sustainability reports. Our results indicate that foreign CEOs are associated with higher carbon emissions across the overall sample of UK-listed firms, across the three levels of carbon emitters within the sensitive industries, and within low- and high-level emitters within the non-sensitive industries. CEOs with multiple directorships were found to have a significant association with higher carbon emissions, likely due to divided attention and obligations. As for the CEO gender, it is noteworthy that it has an insignificant effect on reducing carbon emissions in low emission companies within sensitive industries. In contrast, female CEOs were associated with lower carbon emissions in medium-emitting firms within non-sensitive industries. This study contributes to existing literature by employing sensitivity analysis (sensitive sectors and non-sensitive). The study also employs a novel econometric technique, quantile regression, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between independent and dependent variables across different points of the distribution.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Distribution of Responsibility for Climate Change within the Milieu

This article approaches the challenges of the distribution of responsibility for climate change on a local level using the framework of the milieu. It suggests that the framework of the milieu, inspired by Japanese and cross-cultural environmental philosophy, provides pathways to address the four challenges of climate change (global dispersion, fragmentation of agency, institutional inadequacy, temporal delay). The framework of the milieu clarifies the interrelations between the individual, the community, and the local milieu and is open to a conservative view of human communities and an inclusive view of multispecies communities. On this basis, an account of individual responsibility that is anchored in the local milieu and includes a responsibility to collaborate across milieus is developed. It consists of a forward-looking responsibility that balances a degree of contributory responsibility for one’s imprints on the milieu with a degree of capacity-responsibility that varies regarding the individual’s knowledge and powers, and the acceptability of practices within the local milieu.

Topic: Climate Change and Geoengineering
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
(Dimethylamino)methylene hydantoins as building blocks in the synthesis of oxoaplysinopsins and parabanic acids with antifungal activity

A one-pot reaction of methyl N -aryl and N -benzylglycinates with isocyanates and DMFDMA led to 5-(dimethylamino)methylene hydantoins, which were converted into oxoaplysinopsines and parabanic acids. These compounds exhibit a high antifungal activity.

Topic: Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conflict and cooperation with trade partners

Escalating political conflict between major trade partners such as the US and China appears puzzling given theories linking trade to pacific international relations. We reconsider theories on bilateral trade, exposure to the global economy, and politics in order to explain contemporary events. Our approach departs from previous work in three key ways: we examine a broader range of conflictual and cooperative interactions together; we assume leaders are responsive to interests opposed to trade as well as to those who benefit; and we reconceptualize what it means to be a “major trade partner, ” presenting a new definition that varies with the dispersion of a state’s trade across partners rather than merely dollar value or GDP composition of trade. We demonstrate that states generally initiate more conflict and more cooperation with major trade partners; and while higher exposure to the global economy reduces conflict initiation against major trade partners, it also reduces cooperation. Simultaneously, higher exposure to the global economy is associated with more initiation of cooperation with non-major trade partners. Using events data spanning 1995–2012, we find empirical support for our expectations.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Admittance spectroscopy of electron irradiated p-type indium phosphide

Admittance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on electron irradiated ITO/p-InP and Au/p-InP diodes, and their results have been compared with those obtained from I-V-T properties, deep level transient spectroscopy and thermally stimulated capacitance measurements. It was found that a high fluence of electron radiation, 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ induces a dominant defect HD1 with a density of /spl sim/1.3/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/, much higher than that of defects H3 and H4. A further defect HD2 was also observed with a density of /spl sim/3/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/, which only appeared after annealing at T/sub A/>90/spl deg/C. It is defect HD1 which is held responsible for the removal of most carriers, the increase of series resistance and the subsequent degradation of solar cells, and not defects H3 and H4 as is normally accepted. Defect HD1 has a low threshold annealing temperature of /spl sim/70/spl deg/C, and is completely removed at 100/spl deg/C, more than 30/spl deg/C lower than that of defects H3 and H4.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Tissue temperature by near-infrared spectroscopy&lt;/title&gt;

Optical determinations of tissue temperature by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides the basis for measuring localized changes in tissue metabolism associated with congnition, mechanical work, inflammation, or malignancy. Absorbance changes in NIR spectra of tissue water are shown to correlate with tissue sample temperature. Digital tissue transmission spectra of samples 1-5 mm thick of bovine and avain muscles were obtained over temperatures ranging from 17 to 45C. Reflectance spectra were obtained from blocks of porcine muscle over the temperature range 14 to 46C. Multilinear regression analysis of the correlation between absorbance or reflectance and tissue temperature demonstrated that each O-H bond onvertone spectral region (960, 1200, 1450, and 1920 nm) has a high correlation with tissue temperature. Transmission results gave standard error of the estimates (SEE) and standard error of prediction (SEP) from cross-validation analysis of 0.02 to 0.12C for SEE and 0.04 to 0.12C for SEP. Reflectance results gave SEEs of 0.06 to 0.24C. Combinations of O-H vibrational modes of water give rise to NIR absorbance in solution and tissue. The spectra show a regular shift to shorter wavelength absorbance as temperature increases. Such shifts may be due to decreasing hydrogen-bonding with increasing temperature. These studies have established that the temperature dependent changes in water NIR spectra can be utilized to evaluate tissue temperature with precision and accuracy.

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Penyuluhan dan Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Dalam Upaya Deteksi Dini Anemia Pada Anak-Anak Di Panti Asuhan Al-Hikmah Cangkringan, Sleman

Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin, a component in red blood cells, functions to bind oxygen and deliver it to all cells in the body so that they can carry out their functions properly. When you are anemic, your body feels weak and lethargic and gets tired easily, also known as 5L (Lethergic, Tired, Weak, Tired, Sluggish). Dizziness, cloudy eyes, and easy sleepiness accompany this. This community service aims to provide education and health checks to detect anemia early in children at the Al-Hikmah Cangkringan Orphanage, Sleman. The Methods of the study is four methods are used to implement community service activities: Target and Problem Surveys, Counseling on anemia, Health Checks (blood pressure, hemoglobin, and blood type checks), and Evaluation. The results of the study showed that examination of Hb levels in the children of Al-Hikmah Cangkringan Orphanage resulted in the category less than normal as much as 1 person (5%), normal as many as 17 people (90%) and the category above normal values as much as 1% (5%). Based on research results, most of the children at Al-Hikmah Orphanage are in the normal category and only 2 people need more supervision by the orphanage administrators.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Republic of China <i>v</i>. Pang-Tsu Mow <i>et al</i>.

Recognition of Governments — Effect of — Executive Determination of Recognition — Jurisdiction of a Court to Aid a Foreign Ambassador to Enforce His Orders to His Subordinates — Ambassador of the Republic of China in the United States of America.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Behavior of Ingested Concanavalin A in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Rat

The present study was undertaken to define more precisely the mechanisms involved in the toxicity of ingested concanavalin A (Con A) in rats, by observation of its behavior in the gastrointestinal tract. Con A was observed to have a high affinity for water-insoluble components of feces. The addition of a massive amount of the water-insoluble components to a high sucrose diet (HSD) containing Con A did not ameliorate the adverse effect of ingested Con A on the adaptive response of the intestinal sucrase activity to dietary sucrose. The addition of Con A bound feces to HSD also prevented the adaptive response of the intestinal sucrase activity to dietary sucrose. The luminal pH of the stomach 5 hr after HSD administration was 3 to 4, which extremely reduced the affinity of Con A for carbohydrate moieties of the cell membrane, whereas those of the jejunum and cecum ranged from 6 to 7. These results substantiate the proposed mechanism, that is, that the toxicity of ingested Con A involves its binding to the luminal surface of the small intestine, and it then in turn disturbs the functional formation of the brush border membrane in response to dietary alterations.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Five challenges to ethical communication for interprofessional paediatric practice: A social work perspective

In paediatric clinical care, what is said to a parent or carer as well as when, where, and how it is said, directly advances or diminishes parents' capacities to understand available options and to contribute to decisions about treatment for their child. This makes interprofessional and patient communication an ethical endeavour. Social workers are uniquely situated to observe, participate in, and provide an active link in the communication between families and other health team members. This article reports phenomenological research exploring ethical issues encountered by social workers in their everyday practice communicating with families and other health professionals in a paediatric hospital context in Australia. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with nine social workers and analysed thematically. Participants described two main communication-based roles: to support families through information provision and to contribute collaboratively to the interprofessional team involved in caring for a child and family. We grouped participants' descriptions of conflict between these roles into five main "communication challenges": (1) holding troublesome knowledge; (2) the need for diplomacy; (3) conciliation; (4) every man and his dog in family meetings; and (5) systems and processes presenting a brick wall. The five communication challenges provide empirically derived examples of how communication occurring within interprofessional health teams and between individual clinicians and parents can act to diminish or enhance parents' experience of care for their hospitalised child. Identifying these challenges may help to inform how communication within interprofessional teams and between clinicians and patients can benefit children and their parents.

Topic: Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
THE ROLE OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is devoted to the problem of using the tools of direct democracy in local self-government in the Russian Federation. The author emphasizes the importance of direct involvement of citizens to participate in the management process at the municipal level. The article analyzes the most significant instruments of direct democracy provided for by the current Russian legislation and considers the prospects for the development of the institute of direct democracy in the field of local self-government.

Topic: Legal and Policy Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A VUV-EUV High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer without a Beam Splitter

FTS can be performed in the VUV-EUV by using wave front division interferometers. The first tests of a dedicated instrument, for high resolution absorption FTS down to 60 nm, shows nominal performances at 200 nm.

Topic: Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jail duration, demographic characteristics of offenders, and acquired suicide capability

The study sought to predict the acquired capability for suicide from length of sentence and socio-demographic characteristics of offenders in a Nigerian prison population. Participants were 139 inmates (mean age = 33.67, SD = 9.24years; mean length of stay = 6.25 years, SD = 5.02years), males (95.7%), They were predominantly incarcerated for armed robbery (39.6%), burglary/stealing (18.0%), homicide (9.4%), and rape (8.6%) in Abeokuta prisons, Nigeria. The participants completed the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, and socio-demographic characteristic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test for independence, and multiple regression analysis were computed to predict suicidal capability among prison population from their socio-demographics. Results revealed that demographic characteristics of type of offence, family membership, and type of family were co-joint predictors of suicide capability among prison inmates. Shorter duration of stay (short termers), being incarcerated for aggravated assault, drug related offences, and stealing were risk factors for acquired suicide capability. The role of family membership and family type were negligible as suicidal risk factors. Correctional services should attend to offender demographics in their suicide prevention support for offenders.

Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Chitin and N-acetylglucosamine Metabolism in Fungi - A Complex Machinery Harnessed for the Design of Chitin-Based High Value Products

BACKGROUND: Chitin is one of the world's most abundant biopolymers, but in contrast to cellulose its potential has so far been fairly underrated. Compared to cellulose, chitin features an additional amino-group on the hexose sugar ring that renders it a promising substrate for functional biopolymers in biomedical applications as well as biochemical synthesis of specialty and fine chemicals. Fungi with specialized life styles, such as mycoparasites and entomopathogenic fungi, have evolved an effective machinery to utilize chitin derived from other fungi and arthropods, respectively. OBJECTIVE: Fungal chitin degradation and chitin synthesis have been subject to extensive investigation in the past years to gain insight into these intricately regulated processes, which render fungi capable of harnessing the recalcitrant chitin polymer as nutritional source and building block for growth. For the development of methods to exploit chitin from these origins, the design of new products and their sustainable production through enzymatic action, identifying the regulators of the chitin anabolic and catabolic pathways will be essential. In this review our current knowledge on chitin metabolism in fungi is presented; new sources for chitin production and new products derived from enzymatic processing will be introduced. Keywords: Chitin, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, biopolymer, filamentous fungi, regulation, transcription factor, bio-based chemicals.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in blood and tissues of rats with different resistance to hypoxia].

The main components of antioxidant enzyme system (AOS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) catalyses the conversion of the superoxide anion. The important role in AOS belongs to catalase and glutathione peroxidase which perform H2O2 to nontoxic products. Simultaneous determination of AOS activity and malonic dialdehide (MDA) concentration (the index of lipid peroxidation in tissues and blood) characterize cells complex resistance to damage factor. The effect of L-arginine, as a precursor of nitric oxide synthesis and blocator NO-synthase (Nw-nitro-L-arginine) on AOS of rats with different resistance to hypoxia under stress condition is unknown and were subject of our investigation. Experiments were done on liver and blood tissues of white laboratory rats. The experimental animals were divided on two groups depending on hypoxia factor: high resistance (HR) and low resistance (LR). The type of resistance was determined by the time of ability to respire in barocamera with oxygen deficient equal to 12.000 meters over sea level. The animals adaptation to laboratory conditions continue during 14 days after in barocamera presence. All animals were divided dependent on experiment conditions on fourth groups. The first group: intact (HR and LR) animals parentherally injected by 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. The second group was subject of stress condition. The third group: HR and LR animals injected parentherally by 1 ml L-arginine (Sigma, USA) dose (600 mg/kg body weight). The fourth one: rats injected by 1 ml Nw-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, Sigma, USA)--the blocator of NO-synthase. The animals were decapitated 30 min after injection and stress condition under ethereal anesthesia. Activity of antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP) were measured spectrophotometrically. Also was investigated the concentration of serum antioxidant ceruloplasmin (CP). Level of lipid peroxidation was estimate by examination of concentration of lipids of hydroperoxides (LHP) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA). Our data confirm suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator in the AOS enzymes activity and limit damage influence of AOF. Action precursor NO L-arginine might be capable of protective role in various disorders which are connected with hypoxia factor. Following thing can be interred the investigation of influence of nitric oxide adaptive answers in stress condition modelling of pathological processes in rats with different resistance to hypoxia and reflect the biological qualities data stady on AOZ and LP.

Topic: Hydrogen's biological and therapeutic effects
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Bounding Value of Valve Performance Parameters for Motor Operated Flexible Wedge Gate Valve

Stem friction coefficient and valve factor are very important parameters for the evaluation of valve performance. In this study, the characteristics of stem friction coefficient and valve factor are analyzed, and ther bounding value is determined. The hydraulic testing is performed for many flexible wedge gate valves in the plant and statistical method is applied to the determination of bounding value. According to the results of this study, stem friction coefficient does not change much with differential pressure, and the bounding value of closing stroke is higher than that of opening stroke. The valve factor of valves with high differential pressure is higher than that of valves with medium differential pressure. It means valve factor is more sensitive to the differential pressure than the stem friction coefficient. Valve factor of the closing stroke is higher than that of opening stroke due to piston effect.

Topic: Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences