jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection, transmission, pathogenicity and chemical treatment of fungi in Ceiba speciosa seeds

The aim of this work was to evaluate fungus association, transmission and pathogenicity, besides chemical seed treatment in Ceiba speciosa seeds from different regions of southern Brazil. Seven seed samples were used to do the germination test, fungus detection by blotter test and potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), fungus transmission and pathogenicity tests; besides, chemical seed treatments were tested. Germination ranged from 0 to 59,5%. The following fungi were associated in the seeds: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp. and Pestalotia sp.; in addition, Fusarium sp. was found in all the samples. Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. were transmitted by seeds. The isolates of Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp., were pathogenic to seedlings and seeds. The seed treatment with methyl tiophanate and the combination captan + methyl tiophanate reduced Fusarium sp. incidence.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Bayesian approach to image segmentation using Adaptive Finite Element Method

Mathematical methods for image segmentation are a research field currently widely investigated both from a theoretical point of view and from an application driven one.\nStarting from the classical formulation of Mumford and Shah's functional for image segmentation, several variants have been proposed along the years. \nIn this poster we propose to present a brief overview of the so-called region-based functionals for image segmentation. \nThe deterministic model proposed by Chan and Vese is extended by means of a probabilistic approach based on a Bayesian idea, without an a priori known dependency on the prior probability distribution. \nThis leads to an improved model able to recognize the boundaries of the objects even in presence of noisy sources and non-uniform spatial patterns.\nFrom the computational point of view, a descent algorithm is derived by means of a level-set formulation\nand a discretization based on Finite Element Method and Adaptive Finite Element Method is proposed.\nSome application to sinthetic and real images are proposed.\n\n\n

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Audiological and transient evoked otoacoustic emission findings in patients with vitiligo

Objective To investigate hearing loss in patients with vitiligo. Study Design Case‐control study. setting University hospital. subjects and Methods Conventional pure‐tone and high‐frequency audiometric tests were obtained, and pure‐tone average hearing thresholds were calculated for 22 consecutive cases with vitiligo and 22 sex‐ and age‐matched controls. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission testing was also performed. Results There was sensorineural hearing loss on pure‐tone audiogram in 16 (36.4%) ears in patients with vitiligo. The hearing thresholds (in dB) were 16.02 ± 6.61 versus 12.39 ± 6.05, 15.68 ± 6.34 versus 13.18 ± 3.75, 15.80 ± 13.93 versus 7.39 ± 6.95, 25.11 ± 17.40 versus 15.91 ± 12.91, 29.89 ± 18.57 versus 17.84 ± 12.36, and 45.91 ± 23.31 versus 33.86 ± 15.99 in the patient and control groups at 0.25, 1, 4, 8, 10, and 12.5 kHz, respectively, and were statistically significantly different. Reduction of transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude was statistically significant at 4 kHz in patients with vitiligo (6.34 ± 3.98 dB vs 8.63 ± 5.15 dB, P = 0.023). There was no significant difference in reproducibility, stimulus intensity, stability, and average transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes in patients with vitiligo. Conclusion Hearing thresholds at pure‐tone and high‐frequency audiometry were higher in patients with vitiligo. Also, significantly lower high‐frequency amplitudes were recorded during transient evoked otoacoustic emission testing in the disease group.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Stable Positioning Control Of 3-dimensional multi-link Manipulator For Contact Tasks

In this paper, a methodology is proposed to obtain a stable control law for the manipulators which perform contact tasks. The methodology is based on the Lyapunov direct method. The subject manipulators are nonlinear redundant multi-link manipulator systems which are interacting with a flexible wall with collision phenomena at the contact of tasks. The stability and response of a system are examined by parameter studies of numerical simulation. As the demands for rapid motion of robotics has been increasing in the field of industry to achieve higher efficiency, collision has become a problem to be solved, because every task includes contact when a manipulator acts on an object. In this paper we prove theoretically by Lyapunov direct method that this nonlinear system can be controlled stably with the combination of linear feedback and feedforward to compensate gravity without any expectation of the manipulator’s robustness. We also prove that the collision has the stabilization effect. It is addressed that collision can be used to control contact tasks of general elbow-type manipulators.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Left Ventricular Regional Wall Motion in the Early Neonatal Period.

To investigate the changes in regional wall motion of the left ventricle in the early neonatal period, serial echocardiography was performed in normal neonates at 2 and 120 hr after birth. Quantitative analysis of the regional wall motion was performed by the centerline method. We measured right ventricular systolic time intervals, left ventricular stroke volume, flow velocity-time integral of the pulmonary artery, and size of the ductus arteriosus. The ductus arteriosus was 4.5 +/- 0.5 mm at 2 hr but was closed in all subjects by 120 hr. At 2 hr, there was hyperkinesis of the interventricular septum which disappeared by 120 hr. The right ventricular systolic time intervals at 2 hr showed a sign of pulmonary hypertension. At 2 hr, the left ventricular stroke volume was at the highest level and the flow velocity-time intervals of pulmonary artery was at the lowest level. Thus the hyperkinesis of the interventricular septum at 2 hr might reflect the circulatory changes that are characteristic of the early neonatal period.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
3α-Tosyloxymethyltropane(<i>N</i><sup>8</sup>–<i>B</i>)borane

The title compound [alternative name: 8-methyl-8-aza­bi­cyclo­[3.2.1]­octan-3-yl­methyl p-toluene­sulfonate(N8—B)–bor­ane], C16H26BNO3S, has the tosyl­oxy­methyl substituent in an endo position. The BH3 group is equatorial and the (N-bonded) methyl group is axial, relative to the six-membered heterocycle. The N—B bond of 1.649 (8) Å is one of the longest known.

Topic: Crystal structures of chemical compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE MOTION USING LAGRANGIAN DESCRIPTION

The Lagrangian coordinate system has a notable advantage in the description of surface conditions which essentially prescribe the dynamics of water waves, although some difficulties are involved in numerical solution of equations. In this context, two alternative schemes (velocity and pressure formulations) are presented for analyzing two-dimensional transformation of water waves. Their usefulness is examined through application to the resonant behavior of sloshing waves as well as to the breaking of a solitary wave.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The “meddling-in” of affective information: A general model of automatic evaluation effects

This is a formatted version of the final manuscript. Although it is almost identical to the printed version, it is not a copy of it! In a recent text on visual cognition, Houghton, Tipper, Weaver, and Shore (1996) illustrated the basic problem of selective attention by inviting their readers to imagine a fictitious peanut-eater, whose only aim is to eat peanuts. Equipped with a sensory apparatus to locate peanuts in his visual field and an effector to grasp one peanut at a time, the problem arises how this organism will behave in the case of two peanuts placed in front of its sensory system. What mechanisms will prevent the peanut-eater from endlessly grasping into the emptiness between the two peanuts, thereby starving to death? An adequate cognitive apparatus must be tuned to process

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Forest community connections: implications for research, management, and governance

Preface Introduction 1. Community and Forest Connections: Continuity and Change Part I: Understanding Forest Communities 2. Social Assessment of Forest Communities: For Whom and for What? 3.Socioeconomic Monitoring and Forest Management 4. Engaging Communities Through Participatory Research Part II: Communities in the Context of Emerging and Persistent Forest Management Issues 5. Evolving Interdependencies of Community and Forest Health 6. Communities and Wildfire Policy 7. Amenity Migration, Rural Communities, and Public Lands 8. Integrating Commercial Nontimber Forest Product Harvesters into Forest Management 9. Job Quality for Forest Workers Part III: Communities and Forest Governance 10. Institutional Arrangements in Community-based Forestry 11. Family Forest Owners 12. Creating Community Forests 13. Collaborative Forest Management 14. Taking Stock of Community and Forest Connections Index

Topic: Forest Management and Policy
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-Voltage p-GaN HEMTs With OFF-State Blocking Capability After Gate Breakdown

In this letter, we report high-performance p-GaN HEMTs on Si with robust gate operation. For the first time, the preserved OFF-state drain blocking capability has been demonstrated in p-GaN HEMTs after forward gate breakdown. Benefitting from the reduced metal/p-GaN contact region, the gate breakdown was limited to take place only at the metal/p-GaN junction, with the p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN junction intact. The device shows state-of-the-art characteristics with a large threshold voltage of 1.75 V at ID of 100 mu A/mm(2.3 V by linear extrapolation), a high maximum drain current of 610 mA/mm at V-GS of 8 V, a low specific ON-resistance of 1.8 m Omega.cm(2), and a high breakdown voltage of 1100 V defined at I-D of 1 mu A/mm with grounded substrate.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can dark energy evolve to the Phantom?

Dark energy rapidly evolving from the dustlike state in the close past to the phantomlike state at present has been recently proposed as the best fit for the supernovae Ia data. Assuming that a dark energy component with an arbitrary scalar-field Lagrangian, which has a general dependence on the field itself and its first derivatives, dominates in the flat Friedmann universe, we analyze the possibility of a dynamical transition from the states with w&gt;-1 to those with w

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Suri/Huacaya phenotype inheritance in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

The Suri/Huacaya phenotype inheritance in alpaca was tested on two independent Peruvian sources of records: the Registry of Mallkini farm (588 offspring by Suri sire × Suri dam from 62 paternal half sib families, and 2,126 offspring by Huacaya sire × Huacaya dam from 177 paternal half sib families) and the results of the Quimsachata INIA ILPA Puno experimental trial (two reciprocal experimental test-crosses, involving a total of 17 unrelated males and 149 unrelated females). The data support a genetic model in which two linked loci must simultaneously be homozygous for recessive alleles in order to produce the Huacaya phenotype. The estimated recombination rate between these loci was 0.099 (95% C.L. = 0.029-0.204). The birth of 3 Suri offspring from Huacaya x Huacaya mating is explained by a new dominant mutation on some germinal lines of Huacaya animals. The direct mutation rate can be estimated at 0.0014.

Topic: Indigenous Cultures and History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Next‐Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle‐Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery

Abstract Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell‐mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA‐approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP‐mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reactivity of Sulfhydryl and Disulfide in Proteins. IV. Reaction between Disulfide and Sulfite in Bovine Serum Albumin Denatured in Guanidine Hydrochloride and Urea Solutions

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of Sulfhydryl and Disulfide in Proteins. IV. Reaction between Disulfide and Sulfite in Bovine Serum Albumin Denatured in Guanidine Hydrochloride and Urea SolutionsI. M. Kolthoff, Ada Anastasi, and B. H. TanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 9, 2047–2052Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01518a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01518a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diversity of Wild Yeasts During Spontaneous Fermentation of Wines from Local Grape Varieties in Turkey

This study was conducted to investigate the wild yeast diversity in traditional wine from Turkish grape varieties. Isolated and identified yeast species in wines of grapes from Turkey were compared with those from other countries. The wild yeasts from five different grape varieties were detected by real-time PCR and isolated and/or identified by DNA sequencing techniques. In total, 469 yeast colonies were isolated from selective media at different times from musts and wine samples: 104 from 204 non-Saccharomyces and 47 from 265 Saccharomyces yeast isolates selected based on colony morphology and physiological characteristics were identified using DNA sequencing by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S rRNA- ITS2). Nine non-Saccharomyces yeast species belonging to seven genera were identified according to sequencing results: Starmerella bacillaris (syn., Candida spp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results were concordant with the results of the real-time PCR, however, several species were only detected by real-time PCR. Further analysis on strains of non-Saccharomyces species was carried out to construct the phylogenetic tree.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Politics of Understanding: The International Thought of Raymond Aron

"Frequently hailed as one of the greatest defenders of democratic liberalism in postwar Europe, French philosopher, sociologist, and political commentator Raymond Aron (1905-1983) left behind a staggering amount of published work on a remarkably wide range of topics both scholarly and popular. In A Politics of Understanding, Reed M. Davis assesses the originality and consistency of Aron's body of work, drawing a connection between Aron's philosophy of history and three of his abiding interests: the nature of industrial society, international relations theory, and strategic theory." "Davis begins with a brief biography of Aron, known for his skepticism toward political ideologies in the post-World War II era and as an intellectual opponent of Jean-Paul Sartre. After spending three years in Germany in the early 1930s, Aron, a Jew, returned to France in 1933. When war broke out, he fought for a year in the French army and, after the fall of France, escaped to London, where he edited the newspaper of the Free French, La France Libre. He returned to Paris after the war and remained there for the rest of his life, working as a professor and journalist. He wrote an influential political column for Le Figaro for thirty years and authored many books, including The Opium of the Intellectuals (1935), The Algerian Tragedy (1957), and Peace and War (1962)." "From World War II onward, Davis shows, Aron sought to construct a science of human action that had as its goal charting the way of human progress in light of two fundamental realities, industrialization and the existence of nuclear weapons. Throughout his long career, he continually asked himself whether human life was becoming better as it became more technologically rationalized and more scientifically advanced. In his close analysis of Aron's thought, Davis carefully describes how Aron fused Max Weber's neo-Kantianism with Edmund Husserl's phenomenology to create an original theory of historical knowledge."

Topic: Political Theory and Influence
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transformation of Left Terminating Programs

We propose an unfold-fold transformation system which preserves left termination for definite programs besides its declarative semantics. The system extends our previous proposal in [BCE95] by allowing to switch the atoms in the clause bodies when a specific applicability condition is satisfied. The applicability condition is very simple to verify, yet very common in practice. We also discuss how to verify such condition by exploiting mode information.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Field of View and Forward Motion Discrimination in Virtual Reality

There has long been interest in illusions of self-motion and their perception in virtual environments. Prior work has indicated that an observer's field of view size is an important factor in the perception of self-motion both real and illusory. Restricted fields of view in some virtual reality displays has limited the extent to which this can be studied. In this paper, we discuss a pilot study examining how well observers can discriminate forward motion velocities as viewed through two common, but differing, field of view configurations. We find that observers are quite sensitive to changes in forward motion. The perceived magnitude of this motion is also found to be affected by field of view size with a smaller field of view resulting in slower perceived velocity.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Photoexcitations in linear trans-quinacridone

We have studied the photophysics of linear trans-quinacridone films by applying a variety of transient and continuous wave photomodulation techniques. Our experimental results demonstrate the ultrafast formation of excimer species which are responsible for the emission. The excimer decay kinetics seems to suggest a predominantly charge transfer character of these emitting species. This is consistent with the long-lived states which we detected on the millisecond time scale. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Facile Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-1-Benzyloxy-3-buten-2-ol

A functionalized optically active allyl alcohol, (R)-1-benzyloxy-3-buten-2-ol, is efficiently prepared from (S)-O-benzylglycidol in two steps.

Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences