jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Brine-rock interaction in the Athabasca basement (McArthur River U deposit, Canada): consequences for fluid chemistry and uranium uptake

Terra Nova, 22, 303–308, 2010 The nature of uranium source rocks, transport conditions and deposition processes are still highly controversial for world-class unconformity-related U deposits. This article presents the first detailed chemistry of brines associated with the giant McArthur River U deposit, Canada. LA-ICP-MS analysis of individual fluid inclusions suggests mixing between a Na–Ca–Mg–K–Sr–Ba brine and a Ca–Mg–Na–K–Sr–Ba brine. The brines share a common origin (evaporated seawater) and show evidence for contrasting interaction with basement rocks. The Na-rich brine lost Mg and K in alteration haloes around U ores, while the Ca-rich brine results from Na–Ca exchange and Sr–Ba gain. U concentrations (0.3–530 μg g−1) are anomalously high compared with usual basinal fluids, this indicating that U uptake occurred within basement rocks. The two brine end-members have mixed within the main U deposit area, which could be one of the major driving forces for U deposition.

Topic: Radioactive element chemistry and processing
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Importance of Clinical Data &amp; Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. Practical implication Community based effective awareness and prompt screening programme will improve better outcomes in breast cancer management. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor

Topic: Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Some psychological and pedagogical features of educational process construction aimed on preservation of students' health

Mental development in the learning process is carried out by an organized complex, multi-stage, multidisciplinary, socially significant activities. A major role in creating an enabling environment for learning plays a teacher who owns pedagogical skills, knowledge about their age, level of intellectual development of students. The article presents the basic conditions for a successful organization of the educational process.

Topic: Educational Methods and Teacher Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ventilatory standards for clinically well Aboriginal adults

The smoking effect may reflect the operation of differential survival or other selective factors and has been noted in some other ethnic groups. Although previous studies have yielded some ventilatory function data on Aborigines, we report the first population-based reference values expected for clinically well adults. The information will be useful to clinicians and public health workers.

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interaction properties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon density measurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated and recorded muon densities in extensive air showers, while others reported no discrepancies. We combine data from eight leading air shower experiments to cover shower energies from PeV to tens of EeV. Data are combined using the z -scale, a unified reference scale based on simulated air showers. Energy-scales of experiments are cross-calibrated. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon deficit in simulated air showers for each of the six considered hadronic interaction models. The deficit is increasing with shower energy. For the models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04, the slope is found significant at 8 sigma.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Systemic Infections. Their Diagnosis and Treatment.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vascular, Imaging and Cognition Association of China (VICA) Study: Rationale and Design

Abstract Background China has the highest number of patients with dementia in the world, and about 15‐30% of these cases are caused by vascular disease. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanism that cause vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, early diagnosis and prognostic indicators of VCI are critically important for managing its onset and development To this end, several Chinese institutions have joined forces to establish “Vascular, Imaging and Cognition Association of China” (VICA) (Figure 1). The objective of VICA is to identify new targets for intervention and prompting intelligent graded and stratified treatment. Method VICA is the first large‐scale multi‐center VCI consortium in China. It consists of seven advanced centers and over two hundred primary hospitals across the country. Included VICA are three different populations at risk for VCI: (a) high vascular risk factors for dementia, (b) cerebral small vessel disease, and (c) acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Result All individuals will be enrolled and monitored for at least 1 year using serial neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging and collection of multi‐omics data from biospecimens (e.g., blood, urine, feces). In addition, a small sample of patients will undergo PET scans to determine whether neurodegenerative pathology (such as amyloid or tau accumulation) contributes to the course of vascular dementia. The enrollment procedure of patients with stroke or TIA is shown in Figure 2. Conclusion The overall scientific aim of VICA is to guide early clinical diagnosis and early intervention of VCI based on the integration of multiple vascular risk factors, neuroimaging features and biomarkers. VICA represents a unique scientific resource that will help better understand the dynamics of cognitive change in different populations and identify new potential therapeutic targets for this condition.

Topic: Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Validation of EHR medication fill data obtained through electronic linkage with pharmacies

<b>BACKGROUND:</b> Recent linkages between electronic health records (EHRs) and pharmacy data hold opportunity for up-to-date assessment of medication adherence at the point of care. <b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To validate linked EHR-pharmacy data, which can be used for point-of-care interventions for concordance with insurance claims data for patients in a large health care delivery system. <b>METHODS:</b> We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with an active antihypertensive medication order and seen as outpatients between August 25, 2019, and August 31, 2019. Pharmacy fill information was obtained from the EHR via linkages with Surescripts pharmacy and pharmacy benefit manager data, as well as from insurance claims available at our institution. We matched antihypertensive medication fills observed in the linked EHR-pharmacy database with available fills in the insurance claims database and calculated the percentage of medication fills that were available in each database. We estimated medication adherence using proportion of days covered in the linked EHR-pharmacy database and in the insurance claims database. <b>RESULTS:</b> Of 26,679 patients with hypertension, 23,348 (87.5%) had at least 1 antihypertensive medication fill recorded in the linked EHR-pharmacy database. Of 1,501 patients matched with the insurance database and with a documented medication fill, a fill was present for 1,484 (98.9%) and 1,259 (83.9%) patients in the linked EHR-pharmacy and insurance databases, respectively. Of 12,109 medication fills recorded in the insurance data, we found an overlap of 11,060 (91.3%) fills with the linked EHR-pharmacy database. The linked EHR-pharmacy database also contained 18,232 of 19,281 (94.6%) medication fills present in either database. Measured medication adherence was higher for patients when based on linked EHR-pharmacy data compared with insurance claims data (42% vs 30%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Linked EHR-pharmacy data captured medication fills for the vast majority of patients and resulted in higher estimates of adherence than insurance claims. Our results suggest that pharmacy fill data available in the EHR have sufficient reliability to be used for point-of-care assessment of medication adherence. <b>DISCLOSURES:</b> This study was supported by grant R01HL155149 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Allen Thorpe provided funding for the NYU Langone Health Learning Health System Program, which helped fund this project. The authors have nothing to disclose.

Topic: Medication Adherence and Compliance
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction beyond the Sentence Boundary

The growing demand for structured knowledge has led to great interest in relation extraction, especially in cases with limited supervision. However, existing distance supervision approaches only extract relations expressed in single sentences. In general, cross-sentence relation extraction is under-explored, even in the supervised-learning setting. In this paper, we propose the first approach for applying distant supervision to cross- sentence relation extraction. At the core of our approach is a graph representation that can incorporate both standard dependencies and discourse relations, thus providing a unifying way to model relations within and across sentences. We extract features from multiple paths in this graph, increasing accuracy and robustness when confronted with linguistic variation and analysis error. Experiments on an important extraction task for precision medicine show that our approach can learn an accurate cross-sentence extractor, using only a small existing knowledge base and unlabeled text from biomedical research articles. Compared to the existing distant supervision paradigm, our approach extracted twice as many relations at similar precision, thus demonstrating the prevalence of cross-sentence relations and the promise of our approach.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acceptance Criteria for Method Equivalency Assessments

Quality by design (ICH-Topic Q8) requires that process control strategy requirements are met and maintained. The challenging task of setting appropriate acceptance criteria for assessment of method equivalence is a critical component of satisfying these requirements. The use of these criteria will support changes made to methods across the product lifecycle. A method equivalence assessment is required when a change is made to a method which may pose a risk to its ability to monitor the quality of the process. Establishing appropriate acceptance criteria are a vital, but not clearly understood, prerequisite to deciding the appropriate design/sample size of the equivalency study. A number of approaches are proposed in the literature for setting acceptance criteria for equivalence which address different purposes. This perspective discusses those purposes and then provides more details on setting acceptance criteria based on patient and producer risk, e.g., tolerance interval approach and the consideration of method or process capability. Applying these to a drug substance assay method for batch release illustrates that, for the equivalence assessment to be meaningful, a clear understanding and appraisal of the control requirements of the method is needed. Rather than a single exact algorithm, the analyst's judgment on a number of aspects is required in deciding the appropriate acceptance criteria.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Dynamics of the psychopathy-like disturbances in patients with a history of head injury].

As a result of long-time examination of 306 patients with a history of craniocerebral injuries some variants of the psychopathy-like syndrome, such as, asthenic, explosive, hyperthymic and apathic ones, were revealed. In addition, a hyperthymic variant with a moral defect and the same variant with hypersocial behaviour are described. The patients' behaviour and social adaptation and dysadaptation are determined to a great extent by the peculiarities of the clinical picture of one or another variant of the psychopathy-like syndrome.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunomodulator and biologic therapy are not associated with high serum drug levels

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies now utilise higher doses of immunomodulatory and biologic therapies, predisposing patients to an increased risk of infections. Aims We aimed to determine whether infections were associated with high anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drug levels in IBD and to quantify the risk and consequences of infections. Methods Two retrospective studies were performed, a descriptive cohort study and a matched case–control study. For the matched case–control study, cases of infection occurring on anti‐TNF agents were matched in a 1:2 ratio to controls of anti‐TNF treated patients without infections. Results In the descriptive study, 76 infections occurred in 60 patients, including 49 bacterial, 24 viral, four fungal and four parasitic. Of these, 61 (80.3%) were on biologics, 49 (64.5%) on immunomodulators and 11 (14.5%) on corticosteroids. Thirty‐four (44.7%) were on combination therapy, 27 (35.5%) on biologic monotherapy and 15 (19.7%) on immunomodulator monotherapy. Median anti‐TNF drug levels in infection cases were 3.9 μg/mL for infliximab and 6.0 μg/mL for adalimumab. In the case–control study, 32 cases of infection in 27 anti‐TNF treated patients were matched with 64 anti‐TNF treated controls without infections. Among infection cases, 59.5% were on combination therapy versus 40.6% on biologic monotherapy ( P = 0.59). Median drug levels for cases and controls respectively were 3.9 μg/mL versus 5.5 μg/mL for infliximab ( P = 0.72) and 6.0 μg/mL versus 9.9 μg/mL for adalimumab ( P = 0.34). Conclusion Infections in patients with IBD were common, and the risk was highest with combination therapy. Infections were not associated with high serum anti‐TNF levels.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Expression of testicular androgen receptor in non‐obstructive azoospermia and its change after hormonal therapy

Summary Several trials aimed at improving the sperm retrieval from men with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) by optimizing intratesticular testosterone (ITT) have reported partial responses, however, an appropriate level of ITT has not been identified. In this study, we examined the expression of the testicular androgen receptor (AR) in NOA and investigated its correlation with clinical and pathological parameters. Expression of the testicular AR was investigated in 52 men with NOA and 22 men with obstructive azoospermia (OA). Twenty‐two patients for whom sperm retrieval failed during microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) were enrolled in hormonal therapy using hCG with or without recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) prior to a second micro‐TESE. Sertoli cells were identified by vimentin immunostaining, and positivity in Sertoli cells was used as the AR index. AR immunostaining was robust in the nuclei of Sertoli cells [Sertoli cell androgen receptor (SCAR)] in both OA and NOA. The mean AR index in NOA was significantly higher than that in OA ( p &lt; 0.05). In NOA patients, there was no correlation between the AR index and the clinical parameters, whereas the AR index of early maturation arrest (MA) was significantly lower than that of Sertoli cell only, late MA and hypospermatogenesis ( p &lt; 0.05). A significant increase in the AR index after salvage hormonal therapy was shown, particularly when using rhFSH. The AR index in patients from whom spermatozoa could be retrieved at the second micro‐TESE increased significantly after hormonal therapy. In human testes, the expression of AR is dominant in Sertoli cells, and the expression of SCAR is upregulated by FSH. Germ cell maturation, especially during spermatogonia to spermatocyte stage, has been shown to be SCAR‐dependent. Taken together, the results indicate that SCAR elevation is closely associated with sperm retrieval after hormonal therapy and that FSH‐based hormonal therapy is potentially effective in NOA men with MA.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Need to Increase Awareness of NCDs in MICs on the Edge of the Syrian Refugee Crisis

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, and the incidence of breast cancer is increasing among women in middle-income countries (MICs). Turkey is one of the MICs and has an emerging economy. Turkey is a major hosting country of refugees, and it is still hosting one million Syrian refugees who are faced with a high risk of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of this study is to point out the current situation and cost of breast cancer in MICs focusing on Turkey and the current refugee flow into this country. This study used a direct examination of the scientific literature and reports. Study results indicate an increasing trend of costs and incidence of breast cancer in MICs and Turkey. Breast cancer is the most common disease among women in Arab world and it is foreseeable that there will be an increase in the number of breast cancer women in the next future in Turkey. To fight against breast cancer in Turkey, health policymakers should enhance public awareness for early diagnosis and treatment, considering the upcoming refugee crisis.

Topic: Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Vacuous jaw movements and feeding deficits in rats with ventrolateral striatal dopamine depletion: possible relation to parkinsonian symptoms

A series of experiments examined the effects of regional dopamine depletions produced by intrastriatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on voluntary and involuntary movements in rats. Depletion of dopamine in the ventrolateral striatum produced a substantial decrease in food intake, from which the animals recovered. Rats with dopamine depletions in anteroventromedial or dorsolateral striatum did not have significant feeding deficits. Rats with ventrolateral dopamine depletions showed no deficits in locomotor activity or rearing behavior; however, depletions of dopamine in dorsolateral striatum significantly reduced rearing. Vacuous jaw movements that resemble chewing were produced by dopamine depletion in the ventrolateral striatum, but not the anteroventromedial or dorsolateral striatum. Systemic administration of haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg) increased vacuous chewing responses in dopamine-depleted and control rats. Thus, vacuous chewing responses can result from reduced functional activity of striatal dopamine, and these responses share some characteristics with human parkinsonian symptoms. In addition, these data support the notion that the neostriatum is functionally heterogeneous and that the ventrolateral region is particularly important for oral motor control.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences