jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fishing Impacts on Food Webs: Multiple Working Hypotheses

FisheriesVolume 40, Issue 8 p. 373-375 Essay Fishing Impacts on Food Webs: Multiple Working Hypotheses Trevor A. Branch, Trevor A. Branch tbranch@uw.edu School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195Search for more papers by this author Trevor A. Branch, Trevor A. Branch tbranch@uw.edu School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2015.1059825Citations: 13Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume40, Issue8August 2015Pages 373-375 RelatedInformation

Topic: Marine and fisheries research
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Effect of aqueous extracts of Tamus communis L. leaves on the germination of seeds of various species].

The different influence of germination and growth inhibitors in aqueous extracts, at the same concentration, of Tamus communis L. leaves, on germinating seeds and seedlings of nigra L., Lactuca sativa L., Medicago sativa L., has been shown. This action, very marked at the experimental concentrations, is not toxic, as the seeds and seedlings, if immersed in deionized water after treatments, recover their germination and growth. This recovery occurs however differently in the plants investigated.

Topic: Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Voices of Elementary Computer Science Teachers: Computer Science Integration Rationales and Practices

Objectives . Computer Science (CS) education has become increasingly prevalent in elementary schools because of multiple rationales, such as the importance of computational literacy and the growing demand for CS-related workforce preparation. As elementary CS standards continue to be adopted by many states, more examples and voices from the field may help educators understand what effective computational thinking (CT)/CS integration looks like in practice. Method . We employed a descriptive qualitative approach to study eight award-winning K-8 CS teachers and aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What were elementary CS teachers’ rationales for CT/CS integration? (2) How do elementary CS teachers integrate CT/CS into their classroom practices? (3) What are the needs of CS teachers for meaningful CT/CS integration in elementary schools? Data were collected through interviews, a questionnaire, and artifacts and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings . Our findings of elementary CS teachers’ rationales for CT/CS integration encompassed its essential nature as a literacy skill, its potential to promote equity in education, and its alignment with standards across various disciplines. To support CT/CS integration at the elementary level, CS teachers described important aspects with examples from their instructional practices: (a) Real-world applications; (b) hands-on activities; (c) strategies to scaffold and guide student learning; (d) collaboration with classroom teachers; and (e) support from professional development (PD). Conclusion . The study results shared CS teachers’ voices from practice and shed light on the urgent need for more support and PD opportunities for both homeroom teachers and CS teachers in elementary schools, as well as the crucial need for multiple levels of support within K-12 school systems. Continuous efforts in creating systematic and sustainable PD plans and supporting collaborative professional communities for teachers within the instructional context are a must to help prepare our elementary students with the essential CS knowledge and skills they need to thrive in this technology-rich society.

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
HST/WFC3 grism observations of z 1 clusters: the cluster versus field stellar mass-size relation and evidence for size growth of quiescent galaxies from minor mergers

Minor mergers are thought to be responsible for the size growth of quiescent field galaxies with decreasing redshift. We test this hypothesis using the cluster environment as a laboratory. Satellite galaxies in clusters move at high velocities, making mergers between them rare. The stellar mass-size relation in 10 clusters and in the field is measured and compared at z ̃ 1. Our cluster sample contains 344 spectroscopically confirmed cluster members with Gemini/Gemini Multi- Object Spectrographs and 182 confirmed with Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 G141 grism spectroscopy. On average, quiescent and star- forming cluster galaxies are smaller than their field counterparts by (0.08 ± 0.04) and (0.07 ± 0.01) dex, respectively. These size offsets are consistent with the average sizes of quiescent and star-forming field galaxies between 1.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.5, implying the cluster environment has inhibited size growth between this period and z ̃ 1. The negligible differences measured between the z ̃ 0 field and cluster quiescent mass- size relations in other works imply that the average size of quiescent cluster galaxies must rise with decreasing redshift. Using a toy model, we show that the disappearance of the compact cluster galaxies might be explained if, on average, {̃ }40 per cent of them merge with their brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and {̃ }60 per cent are tidally destroyed into the intracluster light (ICL) between 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. This is in agreement with the observed stellar mass growth of BCGs between 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 and the observed ICL stellar mass fraction at z ̃ 0. Our results support minor mergers as the cause for the size growth in quiescent field galaxies, with cluster-specific processes responsible for the similarity between the field and cluster quiescent mass-size relations at low redshift.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Minimum Wage Employment Effects and Labour Market Concentration

Abstract This paper shows that more highly concentrated labour markets experience more positive employment effects of the minimum wage. In the most concentrated labour markets, employment rises following a minimum wage increase. The paper establishes its main findings by studying the effects of local minimum wage increases on a key low-wage retail sector, and using data on labour market concentration that covers the entirety of the U.S. with fine spatial variation at the occupation level. The results carry over to the fast-food sector and the entire low-wage labour market and are robust to using proxies of labour market concentration available for a broader range of industries, such as the number of establishments and population density. A model of oligopsonistic competition can explain these effects: there is more room to increase wages in high-concentration areas where wages tend to be further below marginal productivity. These findings provide evidence supporting monopsonistic wage setting as an explanation for the near-zero minimum wage employment effect documented in prior work.

Topic: Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Formation of the Concept of Television Media: The Phenomenon of Direct Broadcast

For the first time, television was shown more than 90 years ago, and TV as the media began to entrench in the 1930s. The emergence of the new media reveals the old–new contraposition when the new communication technology is trying to interfere with the established system. The look at the era of the emergence of new media is not only a historical tour but also an opportunity to take a fresh look at today’s media and to predict their development. This text analyses the 1930s–1960s scripts from the Paris Saint-Genevieve Library Funds about the theory and critique of Western TV. Our goal is to reveal how the new media is perceived in texts of those days, with a particular attention to the effects of direct broadcast.

Topic: Media, Journalism, and Communication History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
LEFT VENTRICULAR ROTATION, TWIST AND UNTWIST: PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp is a new concept, which provides strong grounds for reconciliation of some important aspects in cardiovascular medicine. Oblique fiber orientation provides left ventricular rotation, which in addition to radial thickening and longitudinal shortening, is predicted as an essential component of the effective left ventricular pumping. Left ventricular rotation can be measured in clinical practice noninvasively using echocardiography and this provides new opportunities for the assessment of different aspects of left ventricular mechanical function.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Typification and Current Taxonomic Position of<i>Senecio arnautorum</i>Velen.

The name Senecio arnautorum Velen. is lectotypified with a herbarium specimen kept at PR. In most taxonomic works the taxon was considered synonymous with Senecio pancicii Degen or treated at infraspecific rank under the latter species. Careful examination of Velenovský's material revealed that S. arnautorum differs from S. pancicii and is identical to Jacobaea subalpina (W.D.J. Koch) Pelser & Veldk. (Senecio sub-alpinus W.D.J. Koch).

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Child maltreatment types and adolescent substance use: The role of deviant peer affiliation

Abstract This is the first study to examine the mediating effects of deviant peer affiliation on the association between different types of child maltreatment and adolescent substance use that includes alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Peer deviance is a well‐established correlate of adolescent substance use, but most studies exploring the relationship between child maltreatment and adolescent substance use have failed to include peer deviance. Structural equation modelling was conducted to examine the direct effects of each type of child maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and neglect) on adolescent substance use, as well as indirect effects via deviant peer affiliation, using Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The results indicated that deviant peer affiliation fully mediated the individuals who had been emotionally abused showed increased deviant peer affiliation, which in turn was associated with higher levels of adolescent substance use. None of the four types of child maltreatment was directly associated with adolescent substance use. The study's findings underscore the importance of early assessment and intervention for the peer relationships of youth who have been emotionally abused.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Does Inflation Grease the Wheels of Adjustment? New evidence from the US economy

This paper presents a new interpretation of the Phillips curve that rests on the process of nominal wage adjustment in a multi-sector economy. Nominal demand growth causes inflation in sectors with full employment, but it speeds up the process of employment creation in sectors with unemployment. As a result, demand-pull inflation is associated with both a reduction in the duration of unemployment and the economy wide average rate of unemployment. The paper provides empirical evidence from the US economy consistent with this claim.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Migration, Sexual Exploitation, and Women's Health

An estimated 50,000 women and children are annually trafficked into the United States, resulting in complex health and social consequences and significant risk for violence. This article presents a case of a trafficked woman identified in the U.S. health system and describes the vulnerabilities to forced prostitution as a result of trafficking and the challenges in providing an effective and comprehensive response to meet safety and health care needs. Health care providers are in a unique position to identify and support U.S. sex trafficking victims; thus, education and training for health care professionals on trafficking is needed.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
High-throughput fractionation coupled to mass spectrometry for improved quantitation in metabolomics

Metabolomics is emerging as an important field in life sciences. However, a weakness of current mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomics platforms is the time-consuming analysis and the occurrence of severe matrix effects in complex mixtures. To overcome this problem, we have developed an automated and fast fractionation module coupled online to MS. The fractionation is realized by the implementation of three consecutive high performance solid-phase extraction columns consisting of a reversed phase, mixed-mode anion exchange, and mixed-mode cation exchange sorbent chemistry. The different chemistries resulted in an efficient interaction with a wide range of metabolites based on polarity, charge, and allocation of important matrix interferences like salts and phospholipids. The use of short columns and direct solvent switches allowed for fast screening (3 min per polarity). In total, 50 commonly reported diagnostic or explorative biomarkers were validated with a limit of quantification that was comparable with conventional LC-MS(/MS). In comparison with a flow injection analysis without fractionation, ion suppression decreased from 89% to 25%, and the sensitivity was 21 times higher. The validated method was used to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm and food intake on several metabolite classes. The significant diurnal changes that were observed stress the importance of standardized sampling times and fasting states when metabolite biomarkers are used. Our method demonstrates a fast approach for global profiling of the metabolome. This brings metabolomics one step closer to implementation into the clinic.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transnasal Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing: A Bedside Technique to Evaluate Ability to Swallow Pureed Diets in Elderly Patients with Dysphagia

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (EES) is not commonly used by gastroenterologists to evaluate swallowing in patients with dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To use transnasal endoscopy to identify factors predicting successful or failed swallowing of pureed foods in elderly patients with dysphagia. METHODS: EES of pureed foods was performed by a gastroenterologist using a small-calibre transnasal endoscope. Factors related to successful versus unsuccessful swallowing of pureed foods were analyzed with regard to age, comorbid diseases, swallowing activity, saliva pooling, vallecular residues, pharyngeal residues and airway penetration/aspiration. Unsuccessful swallowing was defined in patients who could not eat pureed foods at bedside during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of swallowing of pureed foods. RESULTS: During a six-year period, 458 consecutive patients (mean age 80 years [range 39 to 97 years]) were considered for the study, including 285 (62%) men. Saliva pooling, vallecular residues, pharyngeal residues and penetration/aspiration were found in 240 (52%), 73 (16%), 226 (49%) and 232 patients (51%), respectively. Overall, 247 patients (54%) failed to swallow pureed foods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of pharyngeal residues (OR 6.0) and saliva pooling (OR 4.6) occurred significantly more frequently in patients who failed to swallow pureed foods. CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngeal residues and saliva pooling predicted impaired swallowing of pureed foods. Transnasal EES performed by a gastroenterologist provided a unique bedside method of assessing the ability to swallow pureed foods in elderly patients with dysphagia.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
THE PREPARATION OF TRIPHENYL LEAD CHLORIDE AND DIPHENYL LEAD DICHLORIDE

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF TRIPHENYL LEAD CHLORIDE AND DIPHENYL LEAD DICHLORIDEHenry Gilman and Jack D. RobinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 10, 3112–3114Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01385a033Request reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (210 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Finite-time ESO and Non-singular TSM Control Strategy for Trajectory Tracking of Hovercraft

A finite-time extended state observer (ESO) based non-singular finite-time integral terminal sliding mode (NFITSM) controller and non-singular finite-time arctangent terminal sliding mode (NFATSM) controller is proposed for the trajectory tracking of hovercraft with model uncertainty and external disturbances. Firstly, a finite-time extended state observer is proposed which can approximate the complex nonlinear time-varying uncertainties, and the dynamics of the errors are considered to achieve high estimation accuracy. Then, based on the disturbances estimation, an NFITSM and NFATSM controllers are developed for hovercraft, which can effectively avoid chattering in the controller and improve the performance of hovercraft trajectory tracking control. Then, the finite-time stability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller can be guaranteed by using the homogeneous method, Lyapunov theory and finite-time stability theory. Finally, a series of simulation tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distal Shunt Migration; A Case Series

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are one of the commonest surgical procedures performed in neurosurgery and the most commonly used method to treat hydrocephalus worldwide. The mechanical complication of shunt migration is a rare event roughly noted in 1 in 1000 patients who have undergone a shunt procedure. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt migration to mouth, thorax, transdiaphragmatic, heart, pulmonary artery, breast, stomach, gallbladder, liver, small bowel, umbilicus, colon, inguinal hernia sac, bladder, vagina, anus, and scrotum have been reported in the literature.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Glucose-lowering therapy after myocardial infarction: more questions than answers

This editorial refers to The impact of glucose-lowering treatment on long-term prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial by L.G. Mellbin et al., on page 166 and Glucose lowering treatment in patients with coronary artery disease is prognostically important not only in established but also in newly detected diabetes mellitus: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart by M. Alselmino et al., on page 177

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of Orcokinin neuropeptides in oogenesis in the cockroach Blattella germanica

Póster presentado en el Seventh International Symposium on Molecular lnsect Science, celebrado en Amsterdam del 13 al 16 de julio de 2014.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conversion of 17α-Ethynyl-4-Estrene- 17β-ol to 17α-Ethynyl-19-Nortestosterone in Rabbit Liver

活性SteroidのC3に認められるoxygen functionは古くからsteroidが生物学的活性を示すための重要な要素であると考えられてきたが,最近いくつかの3-deoxo-steroidやnon-steroidal perhydrophenan-threne derivativeなどが著明な生物学的活性を示すことから, C3のoxygen functionの重要性に疑問が持たれるに至つた.本論文で取りあげた17α-ethynyl-4-estrene-17β-ol(以下ethynyl-estrenolと略)は3-deoxo-compoundでありながら3-oxo-compoundである17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone(以下ethynyl-nortestosteroneと略)と同様に強力なprogestational activityを示す.この事実はC3のoxygen functionがprogestational activity発現に不必要であるという考えに根拠を与えるようにみえる.しかし他方ではこのC3のoxygen functionが重要と考えられるいくつかの事実もあり,われわれはこのような3-deoxo-steroidが生体内で3-oxo-steroidに転換してその作用を発現する可能性についてこのethynyl-estrenolを家兎肝homogenate とincubateethynyl-nortestosteroneへの転換の可能性を検討した.

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Determination of Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Sewage Sludge, Sediment and Soil Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

A rapid, simple accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method has been developed to determine seven synthetic musks in sewage sludge, sediment and soil by GC-MS. After extraction, samples were cleaned up by silica gel/ neutral Al(2)O(3)column. Then final eluate was concentrated before injection. Identification was carried out by GC-MS in the Selective Ion Monitor (SIM) mode. Using the method, the recovery of fluenthene-d(10), surrogate standard, was from 89.7% to 110.9%. The detection limits of musks were from 2.9 to 3.3 mu g/kg in sewage sludge and 0.25 - 0.33 mu g/kg in sediment and soil (S/N = 3). Using hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (13)C(6) as the internal standard, good linear calibrations were obtained in the range of 0.6 - 100 mu g/kg. The average recoveries were in the range of 83.6% - 105.1% when the spiked concentration was 10 mu g/kg. The RSD ranged from 3.2% to 9.8%. The method is accurate during the inspection of synthetic musks in real samples.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences