jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Race and British Colonialism in Southeast Asia, 1770-1870

The idea of "race" played an increasing role in nineteenth-century British colonial thought. For most of the nineteenth century, John Crawfurd towered over British colonial policy in South-East Asia, being not only a colonial administrator, journalist and professional lobbyist, but also one of the key racial theorists in the British Empire. He approached colonialism as a radical liberal, proposing universal voting for all races in British colonies and believing all races should have equal legal rights. Yet at the same time, he also believed that races represented distinct species of people, who were unrelated. This book charts the development of Crawfurd's ideas, from the brief but dramatic period of British rule in Java, to his political campaigns against James Brooke and British rule in Borneo. Central to Crawfurd's political battles were the debates he had with his contemporaries, such as Stamford Raffles and William Marsden, over the importance of race and his broader challenge to universal ideas of history, which questioned the racial unity of humanity. The book taps into little explored manuscripts, newspapers and writings to uncover the complexity of a leading nineteenth-century political and racial thinker whose actions and ideas provide a new view of British liberal, colonial and racial thought.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 861665: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extended Reality in the World Wide Web: Investigating and Testing the Use Cases of WebVR Manuals

Web Virtual Reality (WebVR) extends the World Wide Web (WWW) in its possibilities by enabling it to present 3D objects. Past research suggests that this could enhance accessibility and calls for further research on user acceptance of this technology. This study conducts an online experiment with a manual for folding an origami figure and compares data from a classic approach versus one where a WebVR manual is presented. Time, quality, knowledge transfer, and motivation are measured, and mediation is tested for usability, cognition, imagination, and comprehensibility. Participants show higher levels of motivation, mediated by comprehensibility and less cognitive effort. The reduced cognitive strain enhances knowledge transfer. Furthermore, the time used is lower in the WebVR setting than in the traditional one. This effect is moderated by usability. Regarding quality, no significant effects are reported.

Topic: Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
God vs. the Gavel: Religion and the Rule of Law. By Marci A. Hamilton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. xii+414 pp. np.

Journal Article God vs. the Gavel: Religion and the Rule of Law. By Marci A. Hamilton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. xii+414 pp. np. Get access Wendy Dackson Wendy Dackson East Aurora, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 48, Issue 2, Spring 2006, Pages 477–478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/48.2.477 Published: 01 March 2006

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE USE OF AUTHENTIC VIDEOS IN TEACHING RUSSIAN CONVERSATION OUTSIDE THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT

The use of authentic films offers great opportunities for developing the range of skills and abilities required in all aspects of speech activity. This type of activity is particularly important for students who study Russian outside the language environment. This article examines the criteria for selecting video films as linguo-didactic material, which can be used in teaching foreign higher education students with advanced language skills based on modern methodological principles, i.e. communicative approaches and linguo-cultural information about the studied country, as well as increasing personal motivation among students for learning. Analyzing the results of a trial survey conducted among foreign students, as well as identifying the linguistic and extra-linguistic features of selected films, the authors suggest ways to use video with the help of new technologies. &#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0784/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Article 62

Journal Article Article 62 Get access ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, Volume 15, Issue 1, Spring 2000, Pages 142–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/15.1.142 Published: 01 March 2000

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Eragrostis tef", "Country is India", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0057135-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.

Topic: Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Major grid projects around the world

Summary form only given. This talk presents and compares several major grid projects, with a focus on measuring and achieving performance of applications on grids. For these purposes we investigate and compare the areas of applications, infrastructure, management, scheduling, load balancing, and benchmarking, for the Teragrid project and the North Carolina Statewide Grid effort in the US, Naregi in Japan, and EGEE and the German D-Grid project in Europe

Topic: Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Absence of a reductase, NCB5OR, causes insulin-deficient diabetes

NCB5OR is a highly conserved NAD(P)H reductase that contains a cytochrome b5-like domain at the N terminus and a cytochrome b5 reductase-like domain at the C terminus. The enzyme is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is widely expressed in organs and tissues. Targeted inactivation of this gene in mice has no impact on embryonic or fetal viability. At 4 weeks of age, Ncb5or -/- mice have normal blood glucose levels but impaired glucose tolerance. Isolated Ncb5or -/- islets have markedly impaired glucose- or arginine-stimulated insulin secretion. By 7 weeks of age, these mice develop severe hyperglycemia with markedly decreased serum insulin levels and nearly normal insulin tolerance. As the animals age, there is a progressive loss of beta cells in pancreatic islets, but there is no loss of alpha, delta, or PP cells. Electron microscopy reveals degranulation of beta cells and hypertrophic and hyperplastic mitochondria, some of which contain electron dense inclusions. Four-week-old Ncb5or -/- mice have enhanced sensitivity to the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. NCB5OR appears to play a critical role in protecting pancreatic beta cells against oxidant stress.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth: What is the Relationship&amp;quest;

The relationship between productivity, technology and economic growth has been debated extensively in the endogenous growth, growth accounting, New Economy and policy literature. This paper briefly surveys the literature on total factor productivity (TFP) calculations - the various techniques and problems associated with it. We argue that TFP is not a measure of technological change and only under ideal conditions does it measure the supernormal profits associated with technological change. The critical driving force of economic growth is not the super normal profits that technological change generates but rather the continuous creation of opportunities for further technological development. Six illustrations of when TFP fails to correctly measure these super normal profits are provided. A version Carlaw and Lipsey's (2003b) model of endogenous general purpose technology- driven growth is then utilized to make some progress toward answering Prescott's (1998) call for a theory of TFP. The model is used to simulate artificial data and connect theoretical assumptions of returns to scale and resource costs to the conditions under which TFP miss-measures the actual growth of technological knowledge. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) /poly-(vinyl alcohol) and cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles as vanillin carriers

Besides being known by food and perfume industries, vanillin has also important pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The use of magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for a vanillin delivery system is a way to explore its benefits in human beings. In this paper, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles stabilized by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and containing magnetic CoFe2O4 and vanillin have been prepared using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, structure, and surface properties of the nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis loops, and thermogravimetric analysis. The spherical nanoparticles presented negative charge, with zeta-potential values ranging from −9.15 to −5.64 mV, high thermal stability, superparamagnetic properties, and excellent encapsulation of the vanillin (around 80%). Accordingly, such PLGA/PVA nanoparticles encapsulating vanillin and CoFe2O4 exhibited the desired features to suggest their potential use as drug delivery systems.

Topic: Biochemical and biochemical processes
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tkhelidze v. Georgia: Domestic Abuse and the European Court of Human Rights

Abstract On 8 July 2021, in Tkhelidze v. Georgia , the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) added to its growing body of jurisprudence on domestic abuse. This case is noteworthy as being the first decision of the ECtHR on this issue since the Grand Chamber issued its judgment in Kurt v. Austria , the only domestic abuse case to date which has been heard by the Grand Chamber. In its judgment, the Grand Chamber set out a number of general principles to be applied in such cases, and these principles were subsequently applied in Tkhelidze . The decision in Tkhelidze also highlighted that a procedural breach of article 2 can be established by a lack of an effective investigation into the failings of state authorities to respond sufficiently to domestic abuse.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Experimental Analysis of Sex‐Specific Foraging in the Downy Woodpecker, Picoides Pubescens

We tested the alternative hypotheses that the different foraging niches of male and female Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) (1) were determined primarily by genetic preference, or (2) were due to displacement of foraging behavior of one sex in the presence of the other. In one experimental woodlot where males had been removed, the remaining females became malelike in their foraging behavior. Specifically, females selected branch diameters, foraging heights, and substrate angles normally used only by males. In a second experimental woodlot where females were removed, males did not change their foraging behavior. Controls supported the conclusion that the change in foraging by females could only have been caused by the removal of males. These results support the hypothesis that sex—specific foraging niches in Downy Woodpeckers are caused by female avoidance of the foraging microhabitat of socially dominant males. Our results also refute the hypothesis that intersexual niche partitioning in the Downy Woodpecker occurs because each sex has a different foraging microhabitat that is genetically determined.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of switch-level faults by symbolic simulation

Article Free Access Share on Analysis of switch-level faults by symbolic simulation Authors: Lluís Ribas-Xirgo Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainView Profile , Jordi Carrabina-Bordoll Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CNM (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '95: Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJanuary 1995Pages 352–357https://doi.org/10.1145/217474.217554Published:01 January 1995Publication History 5citation181DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads181Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Measurement Data Processing in Spectrophotometric Analysers of Food

Abstract Spectrometry, especially spectrophotometry, is getting more and more often the method of choice not only in laboratory analysis of (bio)chemical substances, but also in the off-laboratory identification and testing of physical properties of various products, in particular - of various organic mixtures including food products and ingredients. Specialised spectrophotometers, called spectrophotometric analysers, are designed for such applications. This paper is on the state of the art in the domain of data processing in spectrophotometric analysers of food (including beverages). The following issues are covered: methodological background of food analysis, physical and metrological principles of spectrophotometry, the role of measurement data processing in spectrophotometry. General considerations are illustrated with examples, predominantly related to wine and olive oil analysis.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effectiveness of Using Planting Media Based on Biotechnology Agents on the Growth of Wijayakusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.)Haw.)

Wijayakusuma ornamental plant (Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.) is a plant that is easily propagated by cuttings. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to pay attention to the planting media used. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of providing planting media based on biotechnology agents on the growth of Wijayakusuma ornamental plants. This study is a quasi-experimental quantitative study using a Randomized Block Design, this study used six treatments with four replications. Follow-up test using Duncan's Post-Hoc Test at a level of 5% using SPSS version 26 program. The results of the analysis of various studies stated that planting media based on biotechnological agents with a mixture of burnt husks, cocopeat, raw husks, andam, livestock manure and liquid fertilizer obtained results &lt; 0.05 which means that it has a significant effect on the parameters measured, such as the number of leaves, stem height, and plant root length. These results indicate that the effectiveness of using growing media containing potassium, calcium, phosphorus, through the fermentation process, contains biotechnological agents such as rhizobium, mycorrhizae, and phytohormones that affect plant growth. The most optimal composition of planting media based on biotechnology agents for plants based on Duncan's Post-Hoc test results is T2 treatment with a composition of growing media based on biotechnology agents + roasted husk growing media. Then there is no relationship between climatic factors with the growth of ornamental plants Wijayakusuma. Wijayakusuma plants grow well in places that are not exposed to direct sunlight, normal environmental temperature and humidity, moist soil that is neither too wet nor too dry, and optimal soil pH.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Continuing Fall in Incidence of Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy in Term Infants

An earlier study documented a declining incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants during the years 1984–1988 (period B) compared with what was observed in 1976–1980 (period A). The present study examined the incidence of moderate and severe HIE in the same neonatal unit for the period 1992–1996 (period C). The area of study was a district health authority in central England serving a population of about 450,000. There were similar numbers of births in each of the three 5-year periods, and rates of stillbirth and neonatal mortality consistently declined. The overall rate of HIE in term infants was significantly lower in period C than in period B (19 vs. 4.6 cases per 1000 live births; odds ratio [OR], 0.42). The drop in moderate and severe HIE from period A to period C also was significant (1.2 vs. 2.6 per 1000 live births; OR, 0.46). Cerebral palsy became progressively less frequent over the entire 21-year study period. The overall rate of death fell from 92 percent in period A to 80 percent in period B and to 58 percent in period C. HIE continues to become less frequent in term infants, as do its sequelae (e.g., cerebral palsy). How much cardiotocography and cesarean delivery have contributed to this change remains uncertain. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107:461–466

Topic: Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing the Adsorption and Diffusion Behavior of Multicomponent Ions in Saturated Calcium Silicate Hydrate Gel Pores Using Molecular Dynamics

In concrete structures, ion transport is a major factor in the corrosion of steel and the loss of concrete durability. Because the macroscopic and microscopic research levels are not sufficient to explain the essential mechanism of ion transport, this Article simulates the transport behavior of nanoscale ions in saturated C–S–H gel pores using molecular dynamics and then explores the influence of a calcium–silicon ratio and ion type on transport behavior. The adsorption rate of chloride ions on the surface of the C–S–H gel is lower than that of cations due to the effect of the electric double layer. The ratio of calcium to silicon will significantly affect the adsorption capacity of chloride on the surface of C–S–H. C–S–H gel has the strongest adsorption capacity when the ratio of calcium to silicon is 1.2. At the same concentration, calcium salt can promote the adsorption of chloride ions by the C–S–H gel compared with sodium salt. This simulation is consistent with the experimental results of related references. In this study, the mechanism of anion and cation transport in the gel pore was explained from the point of view of molecular dynamics, which has relevant significance for the study of concrete resistance to ion erosion.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polycondensation in Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Preparation of Carbons and Carbon−Carbon Nanotube Composites

Deep eutectic solvents (DES, a new class of ionic liquids) have been used as solvents to carry out the polycondensation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF). RF gels were characterized by FTIR and solid &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Solid &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the use of DES containing small amounts of water (those required to introduce formaldehyde in the solution) favored RF polycondensation as compared to that carried out in regular aqueous conditions (that is, in absence of DES). RF polycondensation also occurred in DES in its pure state (in this case, after lyophilization) albeit the reaction efficiency was difficult to evaluate given to partial elimination of formaldehyde. Carbonization of any of the RF gels obtained in DES (e.g., with or without water) resulted in the formation of monolithic carbons with conversion rates and carbon contents in range to and even slightly above those obtained in aqueous solutions. Finally, we took advantage of the excellent solvent properties of DES to suspend carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the starting sol. Polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in DES also containing CNTs in suspension allowed the preparation of carbon−carbon nanotube RF gels and ultimately (i.e., after thermal treatment) carbon composites, having multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) homogeneously distributed within the whole monolithic structure.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Generalized Schwinger effect and particle production in an expanding universe

We discuss several aspects of particle production in: (a) time dependent\nelectric field and (b) expanding Friedmann background. In the first part of the\npaper, we provide an algebraic mapping between the differential equations\ndescribing these two phenomena. This mapping allows a direct comparison between\n(a) and (b) and we highlight several interesting features of both cases using\nthis approach. We determine the form of the (equivalent) electric field\ncorresponding to different Friedmann spacetimes and discover, for example, a\ntime-dependent electric field which, in a specific limit, leads to a Planck's\nspectrum of particles. We also discuss the conditions under which the particle\nproduction in an expanding background will be non-analytic in the parameter\nwhich encodes the coupling to the curved spacetime, in close analogy with the\ngeneralized Schwinger effect. In the second part of the paper, we study the\nsituation in which both time dependent electric field and an expanding\nbackground are simultaneously present. We compute particle production rate in\nthis context by several different methods paying special attention to its\nlimiting forms and possible non-analytic behaviour. We also clarify several\nconceptual issues related to definitions of in-vacuum and out-vacuum in these\nsystems.\n

Topic: Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences