jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Audio-Visual Test for Evaluating the Ability to Recognize Phonetic Errors

An audio-visual test was developed for ascertaining ability inrecognizing misarticulations. Two films, each with a different set of 23 words representing 23 initial and 20 final sounds, were produced. Each test included 138 consonant sounds in phrases, 276 in isolated words, and 144 in trios of words. An empirical “correct” answer sheet was prepared by two experienced clinicians after repeated viewings of the films. Six children with misarticulations presented stimuli in the films. One-hundred-fifty subjects included speech clinicians with five or more years of experience, graduating senior majors in speech pathology, and experienced teachers. Each subject took three tests: Film A (audio-visual), Film B (audio-visual), and the sound-track of Film A presented without motion pictures (audio only). Correctly identified misarticulations, falsely identified misarticulations, and total correct responses were tabulated. Both forms of the audio-visual test were considered valid since the clinicians and students were significantly better than the teachers in identifying misarticulations. Satisfactory reliability was also established, since Films A and B were not significantly different in the accurate identification of sounds in words. Performance was significantly better for audio-visual representation than for audio only; and identification of misarticulation was best with isolated words and worst with phrases. Experienced teachers did not identify 12 of the sounds as accurately as experienced clinicians.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Intra-articular Injections for Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee pain is an increasingly common presentation to general practitioners worldwide which is thought to be related to the obesity epidemic, an ageing population and increasingly sedentary lifestyles in more developed nations. Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) accounts for the majority of presentations in older age groups and this has traditionally been treated with analgesia, lifestyle modifications and adjuncts such as physiotherapy, braces and insoles. All these therapies aim to delay the need of total knee replacement (TKR), which is often the end-point for severe knee OA. However, TKR is associated with poor levels of patient satisfaction, low functional outcomes and has recently been shown to have low levels of cost-effectiveness except in patients with severe disabling OA. Increasingly doctors are turning to intra-articular injections which can provide temporary pain relief such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid and platelet rich plasma. This article aims to review the current options for intraarticular injections, comment on their efficacy and suggest areas for future development.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physiological and Genetic Characterization of End-of-Day Far-Red Light Response in Maize Seedlings

Abstract Developmental responses associated with end-of-day far-red light (EOD-FR) signaling were investigated in maize (Zea mays subspecies mays) seedlings. A survey of genetically diverse inbreds of temperate and tropical/semitropical origins, together with teosinte (Zea mays subspecies parviglumis) and a modern hybrid, revealed distinct elongation responses. A mesocotyl elongation response to the EOD-FR treatment was largely absent in the tropical/semitropical lines, but both hybrid and temperate inbred responses were of the same magnitude as in teosinte, suggesting that EOD-FR-mediated mesocotyl responses were not lost during the domestication or breeding process. The genetic architecture underlying seedling responses to EOD-FR was investigated using the intermated B73 × Mo17 mapping population. Among the different quantitative trait loci identified, two were consistently detected for elongation and responsiveness under EOD-FR, but none were associated with known light signaling loci. The central role of phytochromes in mediating EOD-FR responses was shown using a phytochromeB1 phytochromeB2 (phyB1 phyB2) mutant series. Unlike the coleoptile and first leaf sheath, EOD-FR-mediated elongation of the mesocotyl appears predominantly controlled by gibberellin. EOD-FR also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the mesocotyl for both the wild type and phyB1 phyB2 double mutants, suggesting a FR-mediated but PHYB-independent control of ABA accumulation. EOD-FR elongation responses were attenuated in both the wild type and phyB1 phyB2 double mutants when a chilling stress was applied during the dark period, concomitant with an increase in ABA levels. We present a model for the EOD-FR response that integrates light and hormonal control of seedling elongation.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkenes\nwith Primary Silanes via Electrophilic Silicon–Hydrogen Bond\nActivation

We report a simple and effective\nnickel-based catalytic system,\nNiCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;·6H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O/&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;BuOK, for the electrophilically activated hydrosilylation of terminal\nalkenes with primary silanes. This protocol provides excellent performance\nunder mild reaction conditions: exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity,\nbroad functional group tolerance (36 examples), and good scalability\n(TON = 5500). However, the secondary and tertiary silanes are not\nsuitable. Mechanistic studies revealed that this homogeneous catalytic\nhydrosilylation includes an electrophilically activated Si–H\nbond process without the generation of nickel hydrides.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
O-77 Effects of advance care planning in patients with cancer. results from a systematic review

<h3>Background</h3> Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a systematic and interprofessional approach of communicating and implementing advance health care planning between patients, relatives and persons involved in the healthcare of a particular patient. <h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this contribution is to assess the effectiveness of ACP in patients with cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Criteria for inclusion were patients with cancer, ACP defined as communication about advance healthcare planning facilitated by healthcare professionals, a control group without ACP and measurement of patient oriented outcomes. All abstracts and selected publications were evaluated by two researchers independently. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 572 hits we included 11 relevant studies with a total of 4060 patients. ACP often was part of a complex intervention and was not specified in more detail. The results of the studies included in this review indicate that ACP in patients with cancer is associated with improved psychological wellbeing, improved quality of life, less informational needs, a higher chance of preference sensitive care, less intensive care measures in the last phase of life and better knowledge regarding the rates for success of resuscitation. <h3>Discussion</h3> The findings of this systematic review suggest that ACP in patients with cancer has positive patient oriented outcomes. However given the heterogeneous and often vague definitions of ACP the findings of the different studies are difficult to compare. <h3>Conclusion</h3> High quality randomised trials are needed to corroborate current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ACP in oncology.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular diversity study on dessert banana genotypes<i>(Musa</i>spp.) from Odisha using ISSR markers

Banana is an important fruit of India and in Odisha it is also a highly demanded fruit. Banana improvement programme mainly depends on genetic variability present in the population. The present investigation was done to assess the molecular diversity present amongst the local dessert banana genotypes of Odisha along with some national released cultivars based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. For the present study ten ISSR primers were used to differentiate 22 banana genotypes. Total seventy six scorable fragments were obtained, out of which 36 (47.4%) were polymorphic and 39 (51.3%) were monomorphic. Similarity index were estimated using the Dice coefficient of similarity (Nei and Li 1979). The genetic similarity values ranged from 0.71 to 0.96. At 90% phenon level 22 genotypes were distributed in fourteen clusters. The results revealed twenty five percent variability at genetic level based on ten ISSR markers which could be utilised for further banana improvement programme.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Peptidoglycan monomer induces cytokine production in human mononuclear cells via CD14

Peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolisaccharide (LPS) are the major components of the cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Both are biologically active substances which can reproduce most of the clinical manifestations of bacterial infections. Because of the similarity of the biological effects of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) we decided to test the hypothesis that CD14 is the receptor not only for LPS but also for peptidoglycan monomer (PGM). PGM was isolated by enzymic cutting of soluble peptidoglycanic polymers obtained from gram-positive bacteria Brevibacterium divaricatum and has disaccharide-pentapeptide structure. The biological activity of two peptidoglycan monomers, peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) and peptidoglycan monomer linked with zinc (PGM-Zn) was tested by measuring the cytokine production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in human mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from peripheral blood of a healty donors. The results have shown that similarly to LPS, PGM and PGM-Zn are able to induce the production of IL1, IL6 and TNF in human MNC only in the presence of 10% human heterologous serum (HHS). PGM and LPS were also able to induce TNF production in human MNC in the presence of 10% HHS. This activity was blocked by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody MEM-18 and by syntetic partial structure of LPS such as compound 406 (precursor Ia). Soluble human recombinant CD14 showed very potent increasing capacity on PGM-induced and LPS-induced IL-1 production in the human MNC even in the absence of 10% HHS. These is the first evidence that PGM and PGM-Zn, as peptidoglycan monomers, are able to induce cytokine production in human MNC also like peptidoglycan polymers (B.Weidemann et al., Infect. Immun., 62:, 4709, 1994). These results also for the first time show that cytokine production in human MNC induced by PGM is CD14 dependent and that soluble human recombinant CD14 is important serum factor which can augment the PGM activity. These data are indicating that CD14 can act as a receptor not only for LPS but also for PGM.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Eurygnathohippus feibeli (Perissodactyla: Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of As Sahabi (Libya) and its Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance

The discovery of a new hipparionine metacarpal III in 2010 has led to the recognition of the occurrence of the East African species Eurygnathohippus feibeli at Sahabi. Specimens of metacarpal III and metatarsal III previously referred to cf. Hipparion s.s. are reassigned herein to Eurygnathohippus feibeli. The occurrence of an East African hipparionine horse at Sahabi is congruent with findings of other Late Miocene ungulates and strengthens the biogeographic connections between the Sahabi and the Ethiopian Middle Awash and Kenyan Lothagam faunas. Taking into consideration the known biogeographic connections to eastern Mediterranean - Southwest Asia faunas, the Sahabi findings constitute a crucial crossroads fauna between Eurasia and Africa and reflect the maximum extension of Old World Pikermian faunas in the Late Miocene. RIASSUNTO - (Sulla presenza di Eurygnathohippus feibeli (Perissodactyla: Mammalia) nel Miocene Superiore di As Sahabi (Libya) e il suo significato biogeografico ed evoluzionistico) - Il ritrovamento di un nuovo terzo metacarpale di un equide ipparionino avvenuto nella missione del 2010 ci ha permesso di riconoscere la presenza a Sahabi della specie ad affinita est africana Eurygnathohippus feibeli. Lo studio del nuovo materiale consente di attribuire anche i resti di metacarpale III e metatarsale III, in precedenza attribuiti a cf. Hipparion s.s., alla specie Eurygnathohippus feibeli. La presenza di un equide ipparionino con affinita est africana a Sahabi e congruente con la co-presenza di altri ungulati del Miocene Superiore nell'associazione faunistica ed e una conferma delle connessioni biogeografiche tra Sahabi e le associazioni faunistiche del Middle Awash (Etiopia) e di Lothagam (Kenya). Tenendo conto delle affinita biogeografiche che Sahabi mostra di possedere anche con le regioni del Mediterraneo orientale e dell'Asia sudoccidentale, la localita libica si conferma come importante crocevia faunistico tra Eurasia e Africa nel Miocene terminale, e rappresenta la massima estensione geografica delle faune pikermiane nel Miocene Superiore.

Topic: Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ovarian cancer in Canada.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer among Canadian women, accounting for 4% of all new cases. It is also the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women, accounting for almost 5% of the total. In 1999 there were about 2600 new cases and 1500 deaths due to ovarian cancer.[1

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Promoter-trap identification of wheat seed extract-induced genes in the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245

Azospirillum strains have been used as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of cereal crops, but their adaptation to the root remains poorly understood. Here, we used a global approach based on differential fluorescence induction (DFI) promoter trapping to identify genes of the wheat isolate Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 that are induced in the presence of spring wheat seed extracts. Fluorescence-based flow cytometry sorting of Sp245 cells was validated using PlacZ, PsbpA and PnifH promoters and egfp. A random promoter library was constructed by cloning 1-3 kb Sp245 fragments upstream of a promoterless version of egfp in the promoter-trap plasmid pOT1e (genome coverage estimated at threefold). Exposure to spring wheat seed extracts obtained using a methanol solution led to the detection of 300 induced DFI clones, and upregulation by seed extracts was confirmed in vitro for 46 clones. Sequencing of 21 clones enabled identification of seven promoter regions. Five of them displayed upregulation once inoculated onto spring wheat seedlings. Their downstream sequence was similar to (i) a predicted transcriptional regulator, (ii) a serine/threonine protein kinase, (iii) two conserved hypothetical proteins, or (iv) the copper-containing dissimilatory nitrite reductase NirK. Two of them were also upregulated when inoculated on winter wheat and pea but not on maize, whereas the three others (including PnirK) were upregulated on the three hosts. The amounts of nitrate and/or nitrite present in spring wheat seed extracts were sufficient for PnirK upregulation. Overall, DFI promoter trapping was useful to reveal Azospirillum genes involved in the interaction with the plant.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protective mechanisms by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor against the α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease

Synucleinopathies constitute a disease family named after alpha-synuclein protein, which is a significant component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies. Accompanying the progressive neurodegeneration, Lewy bodies and neurites are the main histopathologies of synucleinopathies. The complicated role of alpha-synuclein in the disease pathology makes it an attractive therapeutic target for disease-modifying treatments. GDNF is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopamine neurons, whereas CDNF is protective and neurorestorative with entirely different mechanisms of action. Both have been in the clinical trials for the most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease. With the AAV-GDNF clinical trials ongoing and the CDNF trial being finalized, their effects on abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation are of great interest. Previous animal studies with an alpha-synuclein overexpression model have shown that GDNF was ineffective against alpha-synuclein accumulation. However, a recent study with cell culture and animal models of alpha-synuclein fibril inoculation has demonstrated the opposite by revealing that the GDNF/RET signaling cascade is required for the protective effect of GDNF on alpha-synuclein aggregation. CDNF, an ER resident protein, was shown to bind alpha-synuclein directly. CDNF reduced the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by the neurons and alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by fibrils injected into the mouse brain. Thus, GDNF and CDNF can modulate different symptoms and pathologies of Parkinson's disease, and perhaps, similarly for other synucleinopathies. Their unique mechanisms for preventing alpha-synuclein-related pathology should be studied more carefully to develop disease-modifying therapies.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD ECEI1 #921366.1

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.

Topic: 14-3-3 protein interactions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Autoradiographic Localization of Benzodiazepine Receptors in the Human Brain Post-Mortem

This chapter reviews the distribution of benzodiazepine (BZ) binding sites in post-mortem human brain studied using materials obtained post-mortem. The synthesis of chlordiazepoxide by Sternbach's group at Hoffmann-La Roche Laboratories in the late 1950s was the beginning of the career of a chemical class, the BZs, whose prototype diazepam (Valium) has reached an enormous popularity. BZs were introduced in clinical practice in the 1960s and, for a time, were one of the most widely prescribed psycho-active drugs. BZ receptors were found in nearly every region of the human brain examined. In general, the localization of BZ receptor sites in the human brain is highly comparable with that observed in earlier studies in rats using the same ligand, although the human brain presents lower receptor densities and some regional differences are observed.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Challenging lifelong learning policy discourse: Where is structure in agency in narrative-based research?

Can adult educational research on learning and identity counter the individualising of neoliberal government policy that seeks to constrain educational ‘choices’ to those that contribute to government economic agendas? This article notes the recent move within post-compulsory education research towards an engagement with Bourdieu because of perceived limitations in the research and analysis of learner identities. In particular, Bourdieu is drawn upon as a conceptual resource in order adequately to account for the influence of social structure as well as agency. We contextualise our exploration of this conceptual move by outlining the way hegemonic policy discourses work to economise the field of UK education and training, specifically the cultivation of particular dispositions towards learning—the ‘responsible learner’. We focus on a strand of work that has engaged with Bourdieu's conceptual framework in order to provide a social-structural account of learner experiences. We do this through a brief exploration of the development of the concepts of ‘learning career’ and ‘learning culture’. We ask to what extent the concepts of learning ‘career’ and ‘culture’ have worked, and argue that analysis of social structure deployed through these concepts, particularly the immanence of structure in the practices of adult learners, is less well developed. The article concludes with an outline of some new research questions to understand how adults engage with formal learning, specifically whether or not they are responsible learners and reflexive agents and what are the forms and meanings of these notions of responsibility and reflexivity. In setting out this research agenda we hope to contribute to furthering counter-hegemonic research on adults' learning in a context of social and economic structural change, and to avoid being ‘captured by the discourse’.

Topic: Global Educational Policies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advertising and Investor Recognition of Banking Firms: Evidence from Taiwan

This study examines the effect of advertising expenditure on strengthening a firm’s intangible capital and firm value by attracting the public on the firm’s visibility and then investigates the role of advertising expenditures on a banking firm’s market value, liquidity, and breadth of ownership. The empirical results find that the advertising has a significantly positive effect on banking firm’s share value, liquidity, and institutional holdings. Consequently, this study concludes that advertising benefits banking firms through increased investor perceptions of such firms. In particular, the findings provide additional support for the home bias phenomena, in which investors prefer to invest in familiar stocks.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences