jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
<b>Migration and Integration: The Case for Liberalism with Borders</b>. By Tom Farer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 212p. $84.99 cloth, $28.99 paper.

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Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Meiotic pairing in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines

Chromosome pairing was examined in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines using the C-banding technique. It was found that both rye and wheat chromosomes affect each other's homologous pairing. The strongest diminution of wheat pairing (measured as bound arms per cell) was produced by chromosome 5R of rye (7.5 and 7.2% in 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). The weakest diminution of wheat pairing was produced by chromosome 3R in the 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' addition line (1.1%). The diminution of rye chromosome pairing produced by wheat chromosomes ranges from 6.9 to 48.4% ('Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). When put into a wheat background, the rye chromosomes suffer a worse fate than the wheat chromosomes. For example, chromosome 6R reduces the wheat complement pairing in the 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition line by 3.8% but its own pairing is reduced by 41.4%. The decrease in pairing of both wheat and rye homologous chromosomes in addition and substitution lines is a complex process in which factors such as genes controlling meiotic pairing, constitutive heterochromatin, and cryptic wheat–rye interactions can play important roles.

Topic: Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
KardiaSoft Architecture – A Software Supporting Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring of Heart Failure Patients Exploiting Saliva Biomarkers

The aim of this work is to present the architecture of the KardiaSoft software, a clinical decision support tool allowing the healthcare professionals to monitor patients with heart failure by providing useful information and suggestions in terms of the estimation of the presence of heart failure (heart failure diagnosis), stratification-patient profiling, long term patient condition evaluation and therapy response monitoring. KardiaSoft is based on predictive modeling techniques that analyze data that correspond to four saliva biomarkers, measured by a point-of-care device, along with other patient's data. The KardiaSoft is designed based on the results of a user requirements elicitation process. A small clinical scale study with 135 subjects and an early clinical study with 90 subjects will take place in order to build and validate the predictive models, respectively.

Topic: Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The relationship between subaortic membrane and aortic cusps evaluated by three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.

A discrete subaortic membrane is a rare cause of subaortic stenosis in adults. It may present in an isolated form as a fibrous or fibromuscular ring below the aortic valve. A 24 year-old male patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with dyspnoea and palpitations. His physical examination was unremarkable except for an aortic 3/6 systolic murmur. Electrocardiography revealed normal sinus rhythm with signs of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a subaortic stenosis. Full-volume three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3-D TTE) showed a discrete membrane, and calcified right and non-coronary aortic cusps (Fig. 1A, B). 3-D colour TTE revealed moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation with an eccentric jet (Fig. 1C). Full-volume 3-D TTE after cropping the left and right ventricle walls confirmed the relation between subaortic membrane and aortic valve cusps (Fig. 2). This condition may cause progressive LV outflow tract obstruction, LV hypertrophy and dysfunction, and aortic regurgitation due to damage to the aortic cusps because of the jet from the subaortic narrowing which may also render the aortic valve prone to infective endocarditis. 3-D TEE can provide visualisation of the subaortic membrane, as in this case. Detailed examination of the subaortic area can reveal the exact site and the extent of the subaortic membrane and which aortic cusps are influenced. Furthermore, the use of 3-D TEE is likely to be key in the spatial assessment of this complex lesion.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neoplastic disease

Survival rates for childhood cancer have improved sufficiently that research can be focused on reduction in morbidity without compromising cure. In Wilms' tumor emphasis has been on subtotal nephrectomy and minimizing radiotherapy. Even with unfavorable histology and advanced disease, cure is possible in 80%. Survivors who now are adults have a risk of renal failure between zero and 71% depending on the volume of kidney that has been removed. Hypertension is common. At least half remain fertile. For rhabdomyosarcoma the survival rate is currently 47% to 93% depending on the site of origin, histology, and stage. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, with surgery and radiation for residual disease. Functional outcome depends on the preservation of the organ of origin. Adult survivors of paratesticular rhabdos may have had an RPLND and thus retrograde ejaculation. Gonadal radiation puts fertility at risk. Radiation of the bladder will leave at least a third with dysfunctional voiding. Survivors of all childhood cancers have a risk of premature death (five to 11-fold) or long-term morbidity. The latter depends on the original treatment but includes hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide, neuropathy from vincristine, and reduced fertility.

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Innovation in the circular and the performance economy

The circular industrial economy is about maintaining the value of manufactured assets at their highest level over the longest possible time. It manages stocks of objects and molecules through the era of 'R' – reusing, repairing and remanufacturing objects at highest use quality; and the era of 'D' – recovering atoms and molecules of highest purity. The circular industrial economy is a regional economy that substitutes labour for energy, prevents waste and emissions, and provides high resource security on a corporate and national level. The circular industrial economy is sustainable because it is economically competitive with manufacturing, creates a broad variety of jobs of all skill levels, and minimizes resource consumption and the need for transport and packaging. Economic actors that manage fleets of objects and sell their performance – by retaining ownership and renting or leasing them – in addition, internalize costs of risks and liability over the full life-cycle of objects.

Topic: Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of digital profile of the financial market: a methodological approach of Russian Central Bank

Currently the processes of digitalization have a strong impact on all spheres of society. Fundamental changes are observed in the economy due to digital expansion, implementing and usage of various modern technologies. The financial market as an essential part of the economy was the first thing that had to be digitalized. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is actively engaged in the development of financial technologies in the financial market. Financial technologies can affect the availability of financial products and services, which in the future will contribute to sustainable development and increase the competitiveness of the entire financial sector. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation as a megaregulator monitors the financial market and currently a comprehensive system of relevant indicators is being formed. It is to assess the specifics of different profiles of the financial market, reflecting its most important characteristics, including the level of digitalization. It has been recognized to take a closer look at the description of such a concept as the digital profile of the financial market. To describe the entire financial market, we need comprehensive methodological approach that would reflect its characteristics. The research was conducted on the basis of studying the existing experience of analyzing the market of financial and technological services, its features, as well as methods and indicators for assessing the level of digitalization of the financial sector. The article proposed the concept of a digital profile of the financial market and developed a methodological approach for its analysis in order to implement the functions of the Central Bank of Russian Federation.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Condensation on the Transport of Matter from Vapor and Noncondensable Gas Mixtures

The steady-state flux of matter of molecular size from a mixture of vapor and noncondensable gas to the walls of a large containment vessel during the condensation of vapor can be predicted with the present analysis. A boundary layer approach has been used in formulating the mass-transfer problem and the resulting equations are solved numerically. Charts are presented for the flux of molecular iodine from a steam-air mixture to the walls of the containment vessel during the condensation of steam. Knowing the total pressure and the temperature of the bulk mixture, the wall temperature, and the concentration of air and iodine in the bulk mixture, the rate of removal of iodine from the vessel can be predicted. The analysis is correlated with an experiment and close agreement is found.

Topic: Combustion and Detonation Processes
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison and Bayesian Estimation of Feature Allocations

Feature allocation models postulate a sampling distribution whose parameters are derived from shared features. Bayesian models place a prior distribution on the feature allocation, and Markov chain Monte Carlo is typically used for model fitting, which results in thousands of feature allocations sampled from the posterior distribution. Based on these samples, we propose a method to provide a point estimate of a latent feature allocation. First, we introduce FARO loss, a function between feature allocations which satisfies quasi-metric properties and allows for comparing feature allocations with differing numbers of features. The loss involves finding the optimal feature ordering among all possible, but computational feasibility is achieved by framing this task as a linear assignment problem. We also introduce the FANGS algorithm to obtain a Bayes estimate by minimizing the Monte Carlo estimate of the posterior expected FARO loss using the available samples. FANGS can produce an estimate other than those visited in the Markov chain. We provide an investigation of existing methods and our proposed methods. Our loss function and search algorithm are implemented in the fangs package in R.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the energy value of maize grain in non-ruminants

Abstract. Maize is the most widely spread energy source used in rations for farm animals and poultry, especially in countries in America, Southern Europe and Asia, where maize grain is the main cereal used for feed. The quality of maize grain is formed under the influence of several interrelated factors. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition and energy value of maize grain grown under irrigation conditions in non-ruminants. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora under irrigation conditions on cinnamon-meadow soil with maize for grain, medium late hybrid LG 35.36 with density of crops – 70000 plants per hectare. The study includes the following four treatments of fertilization: 1 experimental variant N0P80K60 – non-fertilizer control, 2 experimental variant N100P80K60 – fertilization with 100 kg N.ha-1, 3 experimental variant N150P80K60 – fertilization with 150 kg N.ha-1 and 4 experimental variant N200P80K60 – fertilization with 200 kg N.ha-1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied during the vegetation of the crop in phase 3-5 leaf, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in rates 80 kg P2O5.ha-1 and 60 kg K2O.ha-1 in the main tillage. During the vegetation of the maize, pre-irrigation humidity of 80-85% of field capacity (FC) was maintained by 3 waterings. As the fertilization rate increases, the crude protein content in the maize grain also grows up. During the treatment with the highest fertilizer rate of 200 kg N.ha-1, 9.5% per 1 kg of dry matter (DM) was obtained, followed by the treatment with 150 kg N.ha-1 – with a value of 9.1% per 1 kg of dry matter. The content of crude fiber in the grain of maize with increasing fertilization rate decreases, being the smallest in the treatment with rate 100 kg N.ha-1 – 0.8% per 1 kg of dry matter. The fertilization rate does not have a significant effect on the content of digestible and metabolite energy in corn grain grown under irrigated conditions in pigs and poultry.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mouse Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons

Abstract : Basic properties of noradrenaline release were studied in primary cultures of thoracolumbar postganglionic sympathetic neurons taken from 1‐3‐day‐old NMRI mice. After 7 days in vitro, the cultures were preincubated with [ 3 H]noradrenaline and then superfused and stimulated electrically. Conventional trains of pulses (for example, 36 pulses at 3 Hz) as well as single pulses and brief high‐frequency trains (for example, four pulses at 100 Hz) elicited a well‐measurable overflow of tritium, which was abolished by 0.3 μ M tetrodotoxin or omission of Ca 2+ , but not changed by 1 μ M rauwolscine. In trains of one, two, four, six, eight, or 10 pulses at 3 Hz, the evoked overflow of tritium remained constant from pulse to pulse at 1.3 m M Ca 2+ , but declined slightly at 2.5 m M Ca 2+ . Tetraethylammonium at 10 m M selectively increased the overflow elicited by small pulse numbers and especially by a single pulse. In trains of 10 pulses delivered at 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 Hz, the evoked overflow of tritium increased from 0.3 to 30 Hz and then declined at 100 Hz. This relationship was particularly pronounced at low Ca 2+ concentrations (for example, 0.3 m M ) Tetraethylammonium at 10 m M selectively increased the overflow elicited by low frequencies of stimulation. It is concluded that primary cultures of mouse postganglionic sympathetic neurons can be used to investigate release of [ 3 H]noradrenaline. The release is well measurable, even upon a single electrical pulse. It agrees with release in intact sympathetically innervated tissues in a number of fundamental properties, including the pulse number and frequency dependence. The preparation may be of special interest in conjunction with genetic manipulations in the donor animals.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Military and Veterans Affairs (VA) Combat-Related PTSD Programs

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of 55 treatment outcomes reported by military and Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment centers for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The analysis includes 46 tested treatment outcomes derived from 21 psychotherapy studies, and nine tested treatment outcomes derived from seven pharmacotherapy studies, which were obtained through PsychINFO and PsychARTICLES database searches, as well as a reference search. Analysis of all treatment outcomes suggested a statistically significant, and meaningful, decrease in PTSD symptoms between baseline and post-treatment time points, t(54) = 9.27, p &lt; .001, d = 0.35. Additionally, analysis of outcomes between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments resulted in statistically significant differences in PTSD assessment scores at post-test, indicating a greater degree of change for psychotherapy than for pharmacotherapy.

Topic: Health and Wellbeing Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
“Arrogance for Cruelty”: What Builds Exclusion into the Canada Disability Benefit

The vision animating the Canada Disability Benefit exemplifies “arrogance for cruelty” in public policymaking. What could be the start of doing so much is just the end of doing so little—something is done, so nothing more will need to be done. Dangling hopes and then crushing them is cruel. What perpetuates such policymaking cruelty is a manifest complacency, asserting that what is usually done is what should be done, and so it is the best that can be done. Deifying such inertia, which fortifies inadequacies despite what the disability community has to say, is arrogant. Using the limited amount of aggregated data on persons with disabilities released into the public domain by Statistics Canada, this short article offers in part a response to—and in part a coping mechanism for—the policymaking melancholy.

Topic: Disability Rights and Representation
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Incorporating Kappa-carrageenan in Liposomes Facilitates Development of Lipopolysaccharide Hybrid Nanoplatform

Sulfated polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan) integration in lipids provides diverse structural and physicochemical properties in nanotechnology. Such a lipopolysaccharide hybrid (LPHS) system offers superior applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of sulfated polysaccharide (kappa-carrageenan: κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes (cubosomes) for establishing cubic tendency in the LPHS system. The κ-CG integrated smart liposomes were prepared using the modified thin film hydration approach. Characterization studies (liposomes and smart liposomes) were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS studies confirmed the nano-range of both delivery systems. The SEM and TEM investigation revealed the formation of classical cubic morphology of the smart liposomes. Sulfated polysaccharide (κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes exhibited an enhanced κ-CG release profile compared to the liposome-free κ-CG alone. This was due to improved entrapment efficiency (68%) and better overall stability established by the κ-CG incorporation.

Topic: Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Alterations in the quality of collagen and activities of hydrolases in the gingival connective tissues of patients with periodontitis.

The biochemical changes in gingival connective tissue components under periodontitis were studied by determining the alterations in the quality of colla gen and the activities of acid and neutral hydrolases in surgical specimens obtained from pati ents.1) Soluble protein and dialyzable hydroxyproline contents were markedly increased in diseased gingivae as compared with clinically normal gingivae. Both salt-soluble and acid-soluble collagen in diseased tissues increased 2 or 3 fold over those in nor mal tissues.2) There were no significant differences in acid hydrolas e activities between diseased and normal tissues. Cathepsin B1 and collagenolytic activities which were measured at neutral pH increased markedly in diseased gingivae. On the other hand, no significant difference in cathepsin G activity was noted between normal and diseased tissues.These findings suggested that cathepsin B1 and collagenase played an important role in the alteration of connective tissue components under periodontitis.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Interaction and Turn: A Cross Boundary Study on the Form of College Students’ New Media Communication

Under the view of the new media, the ideological and political education in colleges and universities was faced with new tasks and challenges. This paper attempts to explore the existing problems of college students in the new media communication form and the law of development, starting from the three stages of new media communication, revealing the ideological and political work in universities was faced with a new turn, to explore the integration of Ideological and political education of new media and universities, to enrich the connotation of Ideological and political work. At the same time, the article will reflect on the cultivation path of new media literacy and the ways and means of Ideological and political work under the new situation under the direction of Internet thinking. This is not only the innovation of College Ideological and political education work under the new media, but also a process of constructing big ideological and political pattern of cross-border thinking.

Topic: Ideological and Political Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Oral Submucous Fibrosis a Distressing Disease with Malignant Potential

In their review, Pillai et al1 concluded that the etiology is unknown but is probably multifactorial. Main contributing factor as thought by Jayanthi et al2, is the use of pan which typically consists of areca nut, tobacco and crude lime wrapped in betel leaf. Experimentally, an alkaloid component of the areca nut, “Arecoline” can induce fi broblast proliferation and collagen synthesis and may penetrate the oral mucosa to cause progressive cross linking of collagen Fibres 3,4. Tobacco chewing and smoking are not considered to play a role in the development of this disease. In this study we tried to analyze various clinico pathological aspect of the oral submucous fi brosis including the natural course of the disease.

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD CHD_L_I_01 #187360.4 (analyzed)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (624,542) - (672,594) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.

Topic: Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences