jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Gifts and Inheritances Among the Affluent

Using data trom the 1964 Survey of the Economic Behavior of the Affluent, we estimate directly the fraction of household assets which come from inheritances and the fraction from gifts.These data are well suited for this calculation because the survey is heavily weighted toward households with high incomes, and because the respondents were directly asked about the sources of their wealth.We estimate that 15-20Z of household wealth came from inheritances and 5-IOZ from gifts.Even in households with very high incomes, very tew people say that a large fraction of their assets wre inherited or were given to them.According to the responses in this survey, it is not creditable that as much as 507. of household assets came from gitts and inheritances.Using data from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances with high income supplement, we roughly confirm the 1964 results, although the 1983 data are much less complete than the 1964 data.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Research on Variation of Logistics Service Capability of Airport Economic Zone

The Logistics industry, one of the pillar industries of the airport economic zone, plays a key role in driving the development of regional economy.This paper selects 18 airport economic zones as the sample, based on the analysis of the influence factors of the logistics service capability, constructed the evaluation index system from the two dimensions: environmental sustaining capability and internal development capability.Using SPSS20.0 as an analytical tool, the principal component analysis was used to evaluate the correlation.It is concluded that the development level of logistics service capability is very different, and different development strategies need to be formulated.Then, using cluster analysis method, the 18 airport economic zones were divided into 5 categories.According to the different characteristics of each category, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the logistics service level.

Topic: E-commerce and Technology Innovations
Subfield: Business and International Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
�Mission and Power� � The relevance of the Edinburgh 2010 discussion in the theological engagement with violence

The ecumenical conference in Edinburgh in 2010 identified the issue of �Mission and Power� as one of the pressing mission themes for our generation. Christian mission has always been associated with power. The promise of the risen Christ was that his followers would receive power when the Holy Spirit came on them. History, unfortunately, recounts how Christian mission became backed by force and violence, the very opposite of the kind of power and energy associated with the Spirit of God. At the Edinburgh 2010 conference this violence in mission was studied as expressed in churches� relations with indigenous peoples. This article engages violence theologically and ecumenically by inviting the Edinburgh 2010 discussion into the reflection on violence in the democratic South Africa, as it was presented as a contribution to a wider discussion on violence in South Africa. This is done with the following objectives in mind: (1) to better understand the interplay between violence and power against the background of a broader global and ecumenical discussion of this issue; and (2) to suggest clues for the theological reflection on violence that may help to create a powerless, spacecreating discourse that opens up thinking and contributes to healing and justice.The article concludes by building on the Edinburg 2010 foundations of mission as dialogue and proposing prophetic dialogue as a powerless discourse: �Transforming the meaning of mission means that � God�s mission calls all people to work together for healing and justice in partnerships of mutuality and respect.�

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interior Territories:

Exploration of the critical issues facing environments and societies posed through interior discourse and design practice is the theme of concern for Interior Territories: exposing the critical interior. Can thinking conceptually on interior territories – which infers significant relationships with both located place and speculative fields – uncover emerging spatial and temporal practices alongside the material and immaterial ecologies that contribute to a particularly interior discourse? In response to this provocation, writers, educators and practitioners concerned with interiors and its associated disciplines have offered a broad exposition of theoretical writing around built, un-realised and speculative interior projects that are located inside and/or outside, in the city or in remote wilderness, in the public gallery or in the domestic realm. These writings and visual essays expose a number of altered practices and collaborations, which may be considered trans-disciplinary. The IDEA JOURNAL presents accounts of writing and projects that move across disciplinary perspectives and temporal and political systems to express an open-ended enquiry into an expanded territory of the interior. In this issue, it is becoming clear that the nature of interior research is no longer contained within matters habitually considered the domain of the interior.

Topic: Architecture, Design, and Social History
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Success and failure of conventional and laparoscopic fundoplication in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

BACKGROUND:Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring is an investigation technique that can give both false-positive and false-negative results, depending on patient factors such as diet and different activities. The aim was to study the reproducibility of 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring under as standardized conditions as possible in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.METHODS:Antimony pH electrodes were used in 22 adult patients who were investigated twice, 6 weeks apart, under identical conditions. They were hospitalized and were served a standardized diet which had been tested to contain no lower than pH 5.0. Neither coffee nor smoking was allowed. The patients had to refrain from proton-pump inhibitors for 10 days and H2 blockers for 2 days prior to the investigation. The paired t test was used.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in total reflux time, upright or supine reflux time, or longest reflux periods between the two test occasions. However, there were discordant results in six patients who had normal total reflux time on one test occasion but pathological results on the other.CONCLUSION:Since the biological variability of gastro-oesophageal reflux is not negligible from time to time, a normal 24-h oesophageal pH test should be assessed with caution.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Roy H. BehnkeJr., The herders of Cyrenaica: ecology, economy and kinship among the Bedoin of Eastern Iibya, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Chicago and London, 1980, 197 pp ISBN 0-252-00729-8 price £7.20 paperback - Omar I. Fathaly and Monte Palmer Political development and social change in libya, Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts, 1980, 230 pp, ISBN 0-669-01427-3 price £13.50 hardback.

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Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Shifts of Leaf Litter-Induced Plant-Soil Feedback from Negative to Positive Driven by Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis between Quercus ilex and Pisolithus arrhizus

Ectomycorrhizas (ECM) are a common symbiotic association between fungi and various plant species in forest ecosystems, affecting community assemblages at the landscape level. ECMs benefit host plants by increasing the surface area for nutrient uptake, defending against pathogens, and decomposing organic matter in the soil. ECM-symbiotic seedlings are also known to perform better in conspecific soils than other species unable to carry the symbiosis, in a process referred to as plant-soil feedback (PSF). In this study, we tested the effects of different leaf litter amendments on ECM and non-ECM seedlings of Quercus ilex inoculated with Pisolithus arrhizus and how they altered the litter-induced PSF. Our experiment showed that the ECM symbiont induced a shift from negative PSF to positive PSF in Q. ilex seedlings by analysing plant and root growth parameters. However, non-ECM seedlings performed better than ECM seedlings in a no-litter condition, indicating an autotoxic effect when litter is present without ECM symbionts. Conversely, ECM seedlings with litter performed better at different decomposition stages, suggesting a possible role of the symbiosis of P. arrhizus and Q. ilex in recycling autotoxic compounds released from conspecific litter, transforming them into nutrients that are transferred to the plant host.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Knowledge and Awareness About Different Layering Techniques of Composites and their Post-Operative Sensitivity Among Dental Students

Esthetically pleasing restorations are much desirable in modern day conservative dentistry.Composite resins are currently the most popular tooth coloured restorative material.Despite excellent esthetic results, due to polymerization shrinkage they are prone to marginal leakage and thus sensitivity.To minimize the demerits, efforts are still made in terms of different layering techniques of composites.The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness about different layering techniques of composites and their post-operative sensitivity among dental students.A questionnaire comprising 10 questions were formulated with 5 questions relating to knowledge, 5 questions regarding awareness about different layering techniques of composites and their post-operative sensitivity.The questionnaire was then administered among 100 dental students including 50 male students and 50 female students.The responses were then subjected to statistical analysis.Frequency distribution and percentage and chi-square test were done to find the association between the response of each question with respect to gender..The present study showed that even though the majority of students were aware about different layering techniques employed in composite restoration, the knowledge about specific techniques was still inadequate.Also, females had better knowledge and awareness as compared to males.

Topic: Engineering Technology and Methodologies
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An energy estimate for a perturbed Hasegawa-Mima equation

It is commonly believed that drift waves and drift-wave turbulence play a major role in the understanding of anomalous transport at the plasma edge of a tokamak fusion reactor. A one-field equation describing the electrostatic potential fluctuations in this regime is the so-called Hasegawa-Mima equation. If this equation is driven by some instability and damped by some hyperviscous term, the energy grows exponentially in time which is not consistent with the approximations made in the derivation of the equation. Numerical simulations of a perturbed Hasegawa-Mima equation which includes in addition a so-called nonlinearity showed that the energy saturates at a finite level. In this paper this numerical observation is proven analytically.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Facile\nand Low-Cost Fabrication of Cu/Zn/Sn-Based\nTernary and Quaternary Chalcogenides Thermoelectric Generators

In this work, Cu/Zn/Sn-based\nternary and quaternary chalcogenides\ninks were synthesized via hot injection and/or from ball-milled powders.\nThe synthesized inks were used to fabricate thermoelectric generators\n(TEGs) based on &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-type chalcogenide and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-type aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films via spin-coating\nand magnetron sputtering, respectively. This work highlights the first-ever\nattempt in a facile and scalable method to fabricate thin-film TEGs\nusing safe, low-cost, and abundant materials. Four different TEGs\nwere fabricated using Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ZnSnS&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (CZTS), Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ZnSnSe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (CZTSe), Cu&lt;sub&gt;2.125&lt;/sub&gt;Zn&lt;sub&gt;0.875&lt;/sub&gt;SnS&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Se (CZTSSe), and Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SnS&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (CTS)\nchalcogenides. Thermoelectric transport analysis confirmed the respective &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-type natures of the chalcogenides\nand AZO, with their Seebeck coefficients compatible to be coupled\nin a &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; device. In addition,\na full-device analysis has been carried out, and several factors affecting\nthe performance of TEGs were investigated, including the composition,\ndensity, and presence of secondary phases in chalcogenide thin films.\nThe maximum power per unit active planar area obtained for CZTS, CZTSe,\nCZTSSe, and CTS TEGs at a temperature difference (Δ&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;) of 160 K was ∼43, ∼188, ∼23, and ∼59\nnW/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, making CZTSe/AZO TEG the champion\ndevice.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY IN VESICULATING ERUPTIONS

DIAGNOSTIC aids are continually being sought in dermatology for making differential diagnoses of vesicular diseases. These aids are especially necessary in the differential diagnosis of chronic pemphigus from bullous erythema multiforme and dermatitis herpetiformis, variola from varicella, varicella from herpes zoster disseminata, herpes zoster from herpes simplex, and erythema multiforme bullosum from various forms of vesiculating dermatitis. The cytologic-smear examination, which at present is popular in the field of diagnostic medicine, was used by us in the study of various vesiculating diseases. In the diagnosis of lymphoblastomata, infectious diseases, such as leprosy and granuloma inguinale, and various neoplastic conditions, such as epitheliomas, tissue smears or imprint studies have frequently been used and reported. These preparations have also been used for the differential diagnosis of vesiculating diseases, with questionable value. We have employed this technique, together with the regular histologic preparations, as a comparative study in some of

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of chitin metabolism enzymes in <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>

Abstract Chitin is of great importance in the cuticle and inner cuticular linings of insects. Chitin synthases (CHSs), chitin deacetylases (CDAs), chitinases (CHTs), and β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidases (HEXs) are important enzymes required for chitin metabolism, and play essential roles in development and metamorphosis. Although chitin metabolism genes have been well characterized in limited insects, the information in the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor , a model insect, is presently still unavailable. With the help of bioinformatics, we identified 54 genes that encode putative chitin metabolism enzymes, including 2 CHSs, 10 CDAs, 32 CHTs, and 10 HEXs in the genome of T. molitor . All these genes have the conserved domains and motifs of their corresponding protein family. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that CHS genes were divided into two groups. CDA genes were clustered into five groups. CHT genes were phylogenetically grouped into 11 clades, among which 1 in the endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases group and the others were classified in the glycoside hydrolase family 18 groups. HEX genes were assorted into six groups. Developmental and tissue‐specific expression profiling indicated that the identified chitin metabolism genes showed dynamical expression patterns concurrent with specific instar during molting period, suggesting their significant roles in molting and development. They were predominantly expressed in different tissues or body parts, implying their functional specialization and diversity. The results provide important information for further clarifying their biological functions using the yellow mealworm as an ideal experimental insect.

Topic: Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transition from the Afghanistan and Iraqi Battlefields to Home

Occupational health nurses are encountering veterans in the workplace who have served one or more tours of duty in Afghanistan or Iraq. Soldiers making the transition from combat to civilian life may have physical and mental injuries from war. Occupational health nurses who recognize the unique nature of these injuries and are knowledgeable about resources for meeting veterans' needs will be instrumental in facilitating their return to civilian life.

Topic: Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accidental Injuries Among Children in Day Care Centers and Family Day Care Homes: Brief Report

Data from a random survey of North Carolina day care centers (n = 77) and family day care homes (n = 71) are presented to describe accidental injuries that occurred among the children enrolled. Injury rates, cause, place, type of injury, and the body part injured are described. The incidence of injury is compared according to age and sex of the victim. The findings of this study are compared with previous reports on accidental injuries in day care centers and homes, and recommendations for further research and the prevention of accidental injuries are presented.

Topic: Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation of assessment standards in improving the quality of public elementary schools in Tempting subdistrict, Indragiri Hilir regency

The research focuses on implementing educators' assessment standards per Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 23 of 2016 at State Elementary Schools in Tempuling District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Through this descriptive method, researchers hope to see the phenomena in connection with implementing assessment standards in State Elementary Schools in Tempuling District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The research was carried out at the Tempuling District Public Elementary School, Indragiri Hilir Regency, which consists of three state schools. The research period is from January to August 2023. Data collection techniques used document review, observation, and interview methods. The analysis technique uses three channels, namely: (a) data reduction, (b) data presentation, and (c) conclusion. Based on the research and discussion above, it can be concluded that educators have not fully mastered the concept of learning assessment.

Topic: School Leadership and Teacher Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
First Report of Ash Anthracnose Caused by <i>Discula fraxinea</i> in Oregon

Anthracnose on ash trees has been observed on landscape trees in western Oregon, yet there has been no formal report of the disease or its causal fungus. Anthracnose symptoms are observed annually in May and become severe by July when defoliation starts to occur. From 1989 to now, samples have been received from Benton, Josephine, and Marion counties, suggesting that ash anthracnose has been present throughout western Oregon for some time. To identify the causal agent, a fungus was isolated from acervuli on necrotic lesions on leaves of cultivated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) trees in Benton County in July 2003. The acervuli produced hyaline, nonseptate, ellipsoid conidia 5 to 11 × 3.5 to 6 µm in diameter. The fungus was identified as Discula fraxinea (Peck) Redlin &amp; Stack (teleomorph Gnomoniella fraxini Redlin &amp; Stack) (2). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. AY455814) and large subunit (GenBank Accession No. AY455818) nrDNA agreed with those of D. fraxinea from Maryland, except for three single-base substitutions and three insertions/deletions in ITS1. Ash anthracnose has been reported from the central and eastern United States and California, the prairie provinces in Canada, and recently, from British Columbia (1). A specimen (U.S. National Fungus Collections BPI 843391) and culture (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS 114053) of D. fraxinea from Oregon were deposited. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. On-line publication. ARS USDA, 2003. (2) S. C. Redlin and R. W. Stack. Mycotaxon 32:175, 1988.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Decision enhancement and Improving Business Process Agility

Achieving Business process agility requires organisations to be able to identify change in their business environment and respond promptly. In addition, they should be able to identify internal and external drivers for improvement. Business Process Management (BPM) suites have thus been developed to support the business process lifecycle by enabling timely changes to be made on process models. However, most BPM suites give little attention to the decision process that takes place when analyzing a business process and deciding on how to improve it. This research therefore proposes to develop a platform (Studio) that will provide an interactive environment to enhance the decision process involved in coming up with alternative solutions on how to improve the business process in response to changes, and identified internal and external drivers for improvement. The design science research method that emphasizes the ‘utility ’ of developed artifacts is followed during this research.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences