jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-Recognition by the Parasitic Wasp Itoplectis naranyae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

«Self-recognition», an ability of female parasitoids to discriminate between hosts parasitized by themselves and those parasitized by other conspecific females, was tested in the ichnuemonid wasp Itoplectis naranyae. The question of whether selfrecognition can be interpreted as kin recognition was then focused on. I. naranyae females were able to recognize self-parasitized hosts externally when they encountered them within a 30 min delay after the first parasitization; females strongly avoided superparasitism of self-parasitized hosts but not of conspecifically parasitized hosts. The intensity of self-superparasitism avoidance was strongly time dependent after the first parasitization, and also depended on the host density which females had experienced. Females avoided superparasitism either of conspecifically or of self-parasitized hosts internally gradually with time elapsed

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Breast Cancer Screening, Management, and a Review of Case Study Literature in Transgender Populations

Abstract Because of a lack of uniform collection of gender identity data, population-level breast cancer statistics in the transgender community are unknown. With recent estimates that at least 0.6% (1 in every 167 people) of the U.S. population is transgender, guidance on breast cancer risk, screening, and management in this population is needed. Such guidance should examine modifications, if any, to recommendations in cisgender populations, taking into consideration any history of hormone therapy exposure or breast surgery. This article describes existing evidence on breast cancer incidence in transgender women and men, and attempts to make rational recommendations regarding the screening for and approach to managing breast cancer in transgender populations. Current data are mostly limited to case reports which are reviewed here. More prospective, population-level research is needed to better understand the risks and predictors of breast cancer in this population, as well as to better inform the most appropriate screening modality, age of starting screening, and interval. Ultimately, a risk score calculator similar to existing risk models such as the Gail score, as well as an approach to shared decision making that involves patient-centered perspectives, is needed to best guide practices in this area.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diffusion thermopower in graphene nanoribbons: effect of subbands

The diffusion contribution to thermopower, S<sub>d</sub>, is studied for pure semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The electrons are assumed to be scattered by acoustic phonons and optical phonons via deformation potential couplings and edge roughness. Numerical calculations of S<sub>d</sub>, as a function of linear carrier density are presented. The relative importance of the carrier scattering mechanisms operative and the effect of subbands on the behaviour of S<sub>d</sub> in GNRs are studied.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Parman Economy: Post-Authoritarian Shifts in the Off-Budget Economy of Indonesia’s Security Institutions

More than an alternative source of revenue, ABRI’s (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, Indonesian National Armed Forces) off-budget economy was an index of the army’s political clout. Those Indonesians who owned and controlled capital, principally the politically vulnerable ethnic Chinese, rushed to form joint enterprises with military generals during the New Order to “secure” their businesses. These enterprises formed the backbone of a vast off-budget economy, ostensibly justified as an alternative revenue source in the face of state budget deficiencies. In the post-Suharto era, there has been a shift in power, and the police have emerged as the principle providers of “security.” This article examines the police’s off-budget economy and looks at the questions raised by persistent police budgetary shortfalls to chart the emergent dynamics between Indonesian capital and security forces, identified here as the “parman economy.”

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical technique for solving the radiative transfer equation for a spherical shell atmosphere

A method for numerically solving the equation of radiative transfer in a spherical shell atmosphere is presented. The method uses a conical boundary and a Gauss-Seidel iteration scheme to solve for all orders of scattering along a single radial line in the atmosphere. Tests of the model indicate an accuracy better than 1% for most Earth-atmosphere situations. Results from this model are compared with flat-atmosphere model results for a scattering-only atmosphere. These comparisons indicate that excluding spherical effects for solar zenith angles greater than 85° leads to errors larger than 5% at optical depths as small as 0.10.

Topic: Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The changing landscape of digital transformation in supply chains: impacts of industry 4.0 in Vietnam

Purpose The purpose of the article is to contribute to the body of research on digital transformation among members of the supply chain operating in an emerging economy. This paper researches the digital transformation trends happening across Vietnamese supply chains, by investigating the current adoption rates, predicted impact levels and financial investments being made in key Industry 4.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach By using a semi-structured online survey, the experiences of 281 supply chain professionals in Vietnam were captured. Subsequently, statistical techniques examining variances in means, regression analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were applied. Findings The findings of this study offer a comprehensive understanding of Industry 4.0 technology in Vietnam, highlighting the prevalent technologies being prioritized. Big data analytics and the Internet of things are expected to have the most substantial impact on businesses over the next 5–10 years and have received the most financial investment. Conversely, Blockchain is perceived as having less potential for future investment. The study further identifies several technological synergies, such as combining advanced robotics, artificial intelligence and the Internet of things to build effective and flexible factories, that can lead to more comprehensive solutions. It also extends diffusion of innovation theory, encompassing investment and impact considerations. Originality/value This study offers valuable insights into the impact and financial investment in Industry 4.0 technologies by Vietnamese supply chain firms. It provides a theoretical contribution via an extension of the diffusion of innovation theory and contributes toward a better understanding of the current Industry 4.0 landscape in developing economies. The findings have significant implications for future managerial decision-making, on the impact, viability and resourcing needs when undertaking digital transformation.

Topic: Digital Transformation in Industry
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative genomic analysis of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain

Abstract This study focused on the comparative genomic analyses of five carrying Bacillus strains which might give us insights on the difference and similarity in the genomic evolutionary kinships and contexts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1.Comparative genomic analyses of the carrying Bacillus strains genomes with emphasis on their antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were performed.Most nitrogen-fixing genes and the phosphate-dissolving genes of the comparative genomic strain existed and the gene type was significantly different. And the action to nitrogen-fixing gene and phosphate-dissolving gene are dependent on different genes. Sharing some adherence, similarity, and the Bacillus mycoides strain Gnyt1 developed evolution is consistent with other Bacillus. Related functions absorb different gene-specific acquisitions, pigments, proteases, regulatory, secretory systems and functional factors associated with nitrogen-fixing phosphorus.Sharing most 16S rDNA analysis, Mauve-based genome-wide, Gene family analysis and phylogenetic tree, the Bacillus strain Gnyt1 and Bacillus mycoides strain AH621 differ in composition gene expression and expression cause conditions and factors.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Intradialytic Supine Ergometer Exercise on Hemodialysis Patients with Different Nutritional Status

The result of this study may indicate that 6MD can be improved by exercise during dialysis, regardless of nutritional status. It is said that low nutritional status has a negative impact on survival rate; thus, considering the impact on survival rate, it is hemodialysis patients with a low nutritional status that should be considered to introduce more active exercise during dialysis.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endo H Denatured Protocol for Deglycosylating Glycoproteins v1

Endo H cleaves Asparagine-linked hybrid or high mannose oligosaccharides, but not complex oligosaccharides. It cleaves between the two N-acetylglucosamine residues in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine. In contrast, PNGase F removes the oligosaccharide intact. Detergent and heat denaturation may increase the rate of cleavage for some glycoproteins.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Jasmonate Induced Inhibition of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. &amp; Magnus) Briosi &amp; Cavara in Lablab purpureus L. Sweet under in vitro Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective role of Jasmonic acid in Lablab purpureus L. Sweet against Anthracnose disease.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was cultured in PDA medium supplemented with 0.5µM, 1µM, 2µM and 5µM concentrations of Jasmonate.Supplementation of JA was found to inhibit radial growth of C. lindemuthianum after 7 days incubation.The effective concentration of JA was 1µM with 50% of inhibition of radial growth.When fresh pods of Lablab purpureus were punctured to a 0.5cm of diameter using a sterile cork borer and replaced with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum culture discs with or without JA solution the lesions began to appear after 7days at 24 °C incubation.JA at 2µM concentration significantly reduced the lesion to 0.7cm.Thus, the in vitro study helps to confirm the protective role of JA.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
5 Grounding the Right to Health

Abstract This chapter offers a philosophical justification for the elusive ‘right to health’. It provides a framework for health reform efforts and covers the degree to which the right to health is ‘justiciable’ and enforceable as prescribed in international law. The health capability paradigm argues for the right to health as a meaningful and operational right, and recognizes that realizing it requires a commitment to, and internalization of, public moral norms on the part of self and society, in addition to legal instruments for enforcement. This chapter compares positive and negative rights in the Abigail Alliance v. Eschenbach case study of the constitutional right to medical self‐defence. The chapter concludes that a right to health cannot be framed in an absolute libertarian framework of wholly individualistic rights against the state, but requires the more positive conceptualization of freedom as human flourishing.

Topic: Human Rights and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pediatric Ependymoma: Biological Perspectives

Abstract Pediatric ependymomas are enigmatic tumors that continue to present a clinical management challenge despite advances in neurosurgery, neuroimaging techniques, and radiation therapy. Difficulty in predicting tumor behavior from clinical and histological factors has shifted the focus to the molecular and cellular biology of ependymoma in order to identify new correlates of disease outcome and novel therapeutic targets. This article reviews our current understanding of pediatric ependymoma biology and includes a meta-analysis of all comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies done on primary ependymomas to date, examining more than 300 tumors. From this meta-analysis and a review of the literature, we show that ependymomas in children exhibit a different genomic profile to those in adults and reinforce the evidence that ependymomas from different locations within the central nervous system (CNS) are distinguishable at a genomic level. Potential biological markers of prognosis in pediatric ependymoma are assessed and the ependymoma cancer stem cell hypothesis is highlighted with respect to tumor resistance and recurrence. We also discuss the shifting paradigm for treatment modalities in ependymoma that target molecular alterations in tumor-initiating cell populations. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):765–86)

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and implementation of a fan beam coded aperture x-ray diffraction tomography system for checkpoint baggage scanning

X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) enables material identification throughout a volumetric object. We perform a simulation-based study to analyze how the image quality of a fan beam coded aperture XRDT system depends on the specifications of the detector used to measure the scatter signal. Going beyond simulation, we design and implement an XRDT prototype scanner that operates in near real-time to perform slice-by-slice imaging of a target object. The scanner is consistent with the requirements of airport checkpoint lanes and can run inline with existing transmission-based X-ray scanners.

Topic: Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fidelity of Problem-Solving Implementation and Relationship to Student Performance

This study examined the fidelity of problem-solving implementation by multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in 227 schools and the relationship to student outcomes. Judgments about fidelity of problem-solving implementation and student goal attainment were derived from independent ratings of work products submitted by MDTs. Highest fidelity scores were evident for "Behavioral Definition of the Problem" and "Clearly Identified Goal;" lowest fidelity scores were demonstrated for "Hypothesized Reason for the Problem" and "Treatment Integrity." Ratings of student goal attainment indicated positive student change during problem-solving implementation. Statistically significant but modest correlation coefficients were demonstrated between ratings of student outcomes and ratings of six of the eight problem-solving components. Stepwise multiple regression of student outcome ratings on ratings of implementation fidelity demonstrated that two problem-solving components ("Clearly Identified Goal" and "Data Indicating Student Response to Intervention") were significant predictors, accounting for 8% of the variance in student outcome (F=11.09, p <.001).

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Induction of adult diapause in &lt;i&gt;Cletus punctiger&lt;/i&gt; (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and the beginning of reproduction in post-hibernating females in Shiga Prefecture

滋賀県で，ホソハリカメムシ成虫に休眠を誘起する臨界日長は13～14時間であった。野外では9月になると卵巣小管内に成熟卵を持たない休眠雌の割合が増加したことから，これら休眠雌は気温の低下とともに越冬地へ移動していくことが示唆された。春に，休眠から覚醒したホソハリカメムシ雌は，4月上旬には越冬場所を離脱し，4月下旬には交尾を済ませ産卵を開始すると考えられる。

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The anaesthetist and the obstetric flying squad

Summary The demands made upon the Bristol obstetric flying squad over the past 14 years have been analysed. During this period, the number of calls received per year has decreased dramatically. The reasons for this are discussed in the context of current obstetric practice. The management of retained placenta is reviewed. Of importance to anaesthetists is the gross reduction in the number of cases where it is necessary to give anaesthesia ‘in the field’. This may lead to complacency and lack of familiarity with the equipment carried by the flying squad.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characterization of Fly POLR1D Mutations in a Clinically Relevant Residue Associated with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is an extreme craniofacial disorder caused by mutations in genes important for RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription. Pol I is a multi‐subunit complex that transcribes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to synthesize ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Two Pol I subunits often mutated in TCS are POLR1D and POLR1C which form a heterodimer that is important for Pol I complex assembly. Using fruit flies ( D. melanogaster) as a model system, we mapped a fly POLR1D mutation that displays a severe developmental arrest phenotype in a clinically relevant residue where in a TCS patient this residue is mutated from a glycine residue to a bulky, negatively charged glutamic acid residue. In the fly mutant collection, this glycine residue is mutated to a bulkier but positively charged arginine residue. We used a simple in vitro co‐expression system to examine the biochemical impact of these mutations on fly and human POLR1D and POLR1C heterodimer formation in vitro. We also complement our in vitro work with a chimeric yeast ( S. cerevisiae ) model in vivo where together we found that in the same mutated residue, there is a defect that impacts heterodimer formation and Pol I and III complex integrity. Our results show that fly POLR1D is a suitable model system for human TCS mutants.

Topic: Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Are they telling us enough? - Adequacy of clinical information from emergency department referrals, A regional audit.

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-0606 / Are they telling us enough? - Adequacy of clinical information from emergency department referrals, A regional audit.  by:  M. J. Bowa , K. P. Lim, S. Fitzgerald; Middlesbrough/UK

Topic: Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Syndrome Cases seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital,

BACKGROUND: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is known to affect thousands of children in the developing world because rubella vaccination is not available routinely in most of these countries. Among its many manifestations only congenital heart disease is life threatening. This study was undertaken to ascertain the cases of echocardiographic determined congenital heart disease in clinically confirmed CRS cases. METHODS: Data of patients with clinically confirmed CRS seen over a period of 5 years in the Paediatric cardiology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: Seven cases (2.8 % of total cardiac cases) were seen. 6 (85.7%) cases had at least one murmur on auscultation. Patent ductus arteriosus was the commonest cardiac defect seen either in isolation or incombination with a VSD or ASD. Only one child had no cardiac defect. 4 (57.1%) of them had been admitted for heart failure at least once and 2 (28.6 %) were on anti-failure regimen, one of whom had cardiac surgery one month ago. CONCLUSION: In view of the fact that 6 (85.7%) of the patients with CRS had at least one congenital heart defect, we advocate routine echocardiography on patients with CRS to ensure early treatment and reduce mortality and morbidity.We also advocate that rubella vaccination be given routinely in developing countries. WAJM 2012; 31(2): 135–138.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sub-10 nanometre fabrication: molecular templating, electron-beam sculpting and crystallization of metallic nanowires

Homogeneous metallic nanowires with diameters below 10 nm are produced by sputter coating suspended DNA molecules and/or carbon nanotubes. A fabrication method is described that allows 'e-beam nanosculpting', i.e. local modification of the shape of nanowires, with a resolution of ~3 nm. The process is performed with a focused electron beam (e-beam) in a transmission electron microscope, under direct visual control. We also demonstrate that e-beam radiation can induce local crystallization of nanowires. This method could be used to fabricate novel electronic devices, e.g. single-electron tunnelling transistors, with dimensions below 10 nm, possibly operating at room temperature.

Topic: Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Structural Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of adenosine deaminase from normal colon and colon tumors. Evidence for tumor-specific variants

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of adenosine deaminase from normal colon and colon tumors. Evidence for tumor-specific variantsPaul P. Trotta and M. Earl BalisCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 2, 270–278Publication Date (Print):January 24, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 24 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00595a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00595a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences