jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Defect Imaging with Guided Waves Propagating in a Long Range

Pipe inspection with guided waves is highly expected as an efficient screening technique that enables us to inspect a few dozen meters of a pipe. Although inspection equipments widely introduced in a practical inspection site adopt easy-to-use axisymmetric modes, authors have developed defect imaging technique using non-axisymmetric modes as well. In our previous paper, defect images were shown in short range of only 1.2 meters away from transducers. In this study, therefore, effects of long propagation to defect images are discussed. Long range imaging was experimentally done using source signals and their multiple reflections between both edges of a 4-meter-long pipe, instead of reflected waves from defects. In the experimental investigation, large degradation of images was shown in far field. A computer simulation of guided wave propagation reveals that a major reason of the degradation is the difference between dispersion curves for an actual pipe and theoretical ones. To reduce the degradation, images were obtained by neglecting higher modes with larger differences in phase velocity. As a result, images were obtained in correct location up to about 20 meters.

Topic: Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency, Andrew Kliman, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2007

Abstract This book seeks to defend Marx’s theory in Capital against the long-standing criticism of logical inconsistency, which has provided the main justification for the rejection of Marx’s theory over the last century. This book presents a new interpretation of Marx’s theory that has emerged over the last several decades called the ‘temporal single-system’ interpretation (commonly abbreviated as TSSI). Kliman argues that the TSSI eliminates all of the alleged logical inconsistencies in Marx’s theory, and therefore logical inconsistency is not a valid reason to reject Marx’s theory. I agree in general with much of this book, but I disagree on some points, especially the use of one-commodity models and its interpretation of the transformation-problem.

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Influence of Clothing Modeling Aesthetics on Fabric Reconstruction

Because of the limits of the clothing functions,it is hard to break through designing and modeling tradition.Costume designers need to better stimulate inspiration for design innovation by means of fabric reconstruction,and the fabric reconstruction design must reveal the regularity of costumes modeling and reasonably create better clothing products.

Topic: Fashion and Cultural Textiles
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescents: A CCHE experience

Objective and aim: A lower outcome of rhabdomyosarcoma in elder children and young adolescents is increasingly recognized. Our aim was to focus on the outcome of elder children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma treated at our Center (CCHE). Patients and methods: Patients between the age 10 and 18 years diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma and treated according to IRS –IV, or IRS V protocols determined according to site, stage, and age at diagnosis. Results: Thirty-two children were recruited at Children’s Cancer Hospital-Egypt. They were 12 females (37.5%) and 20 males (62.5%), with a mean age of 12.8y. The mean follow up period was 29.4 months (July 2007 till December 2012). Seventeen patient, were allocated to IRS–IV, and 15 patient to IRS-V. The overall survival and failure free survival were 59.1% and 40.4% respectively. Forty six percent of patients had alveolar pathology, 68.8% presented with tumors at unfavorable sites; 37.5% had metastases at presentation; and 21.9% had intracranial extension at presentation. Risk status, clinical grouping and tumor size affected FFS significantly. Local control was done by radiation therapy in 62.5%, surgery alone in 9.4%, and both radiation and surgery in 25%. Conclusion: The outcome of adolescent group showed inferior results compared to younger children. More cooperation and knowledge about RMS, in this age category, can help develop more intensive unified management approach for them.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expression of leptin and leptin receptor isoforms in the human stomach

BACKGROUND Leptin is an important regulator of food intake and energy expenditure. Initially it was thought to be expressed exclusively in and secreted by adipocytes. Recently, leptin expression was also noted in other tissues, including rat gastric mucosa. Information on leptin and leptin receptor expression in the human stomach is lacking. AIM To investigate expression of leptin and its corresponding receptors in human gastric epithelial cells. METHODS Fundic and antral gastric mucosal biopsies, primary cultures of human gastric epithelial cells, and the human gastric cancer cell line AGS were screened for expression of leptin and different leptin receptor isoform mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed for localisation of leptin and leptin receptor proteins in gastric mucosa. RESULTS mRNA of leptin and its four receptor isoforms (huOB-R, long receptor isoform; huB219.1–3, short receptor isoforms) was detected in gastric mucosal biopsies, cultured human gastric epithelial cells, and gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that chief as well as parietal cells were reactive to leptin and leptin receptors. CONCLUSIONS Leptin and leptin receptors are expressed in human gastric mucosa. These findings suggest a paracrine and/or autocrine effect of leptin on gastric epithelial cell function.

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Population- and Type-Specific Clustering of Multiple HPV Types Across Diverse Risk Populations in the Netherlands

In view of possible type replacement upon introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, we aimed to explore patterns of type-specific clustering across populations with various background infection risks. A total of 3,874 women from 3 cross-sectional studies in the Netherlands (in 2007-2009) provided vaginal self-samples, which were tested for 25 HPV genotypes by a sensitive molecular assay (SPF10 line probe assay, DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, the Netherlands). The number of concurrent HPV infections per woman was studied by Poisson regression. Associations between HPV types were investigated by generalized estimating equation analyses. The prevalence of any HPV type was 14% in a population-based study, 54% in a chlamydia screening intervention study, and 73% in a study among attendees of sexually transmitted infection clinics. Overall, multiple HPV infections were detected in 26% of the women. The number of concurrent HPV infections conformed to an overdispersed Poisson distribution, even after correction for known risk factors. Types differed significantly in their tendencies to be involved in coinfections, but no evidence for particular type-type interactions was found. Moreover, the strongest associations were observed in the lowest-risk population and vice versa.We found no indications of pairwise interactions, but our findings do suggest that clustering differs among HPV types and varies across risk groups.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplemental Figures 1-3 from NK Cell–Mediated Antitumor Effects of a Folate-Conjugated Immunoglobulin Are Enhanced by Cytokines

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1.Fâ€‘IgG and IL-12 mediated NK cell lysis is dependent on the folate receptor availability and does not correlate with FcR genotype. Supplemental Figure 2. MDSC inhibit NK cell lytic activity and IFN-y production. Supplemental Figure 3. CIgG-FITC and FIgG-FITC treated mouse tissues exhibit normal histological features.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays

Letters7 December 2010Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysMoxie Stratton-Loeffler, DOMoxie Stratton-Loeffler, DOFrom Oakland, CA 94609.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-11-201012070-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am writing in response to the recent article by Segal and colleagues (1), which discussed plagiarism among residency applicants. As a literature and ethics major in college, I was interested in this topic. I think it would be a loss to exclude the personal statement, and so its inclusion must be made valid. Some factors may contribute to a student's motives to plagiarize: competition, lack of confidence in writing and communication skills, lack of skill, exhaustion and lack of inspiration from fatigue during medical school, stymied creative expression due to long hours and overwork, and a ...Reference1. Segal S, Gelfand BJ, Hurwitz S, Berkowitz L, Ashley SW, Nadel ES, et al. Plagiarism in residency application essays. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:112-20. [PMID: 20643991] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oakland, CA 94609.Disclosures: None disclosed.The author's response will appear in the 21 December issue. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPlagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , Shelley Hurwitz , Lori Berkowitz , Stanley W. Ashley , Eric S. Nadel , and Joel T. Katz Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jonas B. Green Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Michael Kirsch Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jason P. Lott Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Sameer Siddique , Harris V. Naina , and Samar Harris Response to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , and Joel T. Katz Metrics Cited byPlagiarised letters of recommendation submitted for the National Resident Matching ProgramResponse to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysScott Segal, MD, MHCM, Brian J. Gelfand, MD, and Joel T. Katz, MD 7 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 11Page: 766KeywordsConflicts of interestFatigueForecastingInternetMedical educationResidencySocioeconomic status ePublished: 7 December 2010 Issue Published: 7 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The death of personal service: why retailers make consumers responsible for their own customer experience

This article examines the tension between efficiency and customer experience management in retailing. It concludes that one way forward is to give customers the tools to manage their own experience. To put it another way, in these industries, it is up to the customer to manage their own experience. In some industries, such as complex financial services, regulatory barriers prevent self-service, on the grounds that advisors know better than consumers what the latter need. However, these barriers will eventually collapse as consumers use improved information technology, including advising each other via social media, to identify products that they want, at the right price. Where customer service is concerned, suppliers will increase their focus on efficiency and margin, and seek the win-win of self-fulfilled customer experience with minimised human intervention from staff. Consumers will be provided with ever more sophisticated information and communications technology, particularly but not solely by suppliers who use a multi-channel approach. Younger consumers’ strong preferences for buying in their own way will eventually pervade most markets. Suppliers who fail to come to terms with this will lose market share to those who lead in applying information and communications technology to support self-service. Eventually, the self-fulfilled experience will be the norm, except in most difficult and risky purchases. Even here the role of human intervention will be minimised. Consumers will increasingly use their own technology, especially smart-phones, to identify the best offers, make comparisons between products and services, and receive offers from national and local suppliers. For more complex products and services or buying situations, expert third party diagnosis of customer needs will be replaced by self-diagnosis.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Promoting the Benefits and clarifying misconceptions about Preregistration, Preprints, and Open Science for Cognitive Science of Religion.

Adopting newly proposed ‘open science’ reforms to improve transparency and increase rigor is hard and can make us, as researchers, feel vulnerable. Nonetheless, these reforms are vital to improving the overall quality and confidence of our collective research. We have, through our own experiences, found that preregistration and detailed analysis plans can help to identify, and potentially avoid, errors. Prepublication has similarly helped us to collaborate and receive feedback on manuscripts, particularly during prolonged periods of peer-review. The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) field is constituted by a diversity of scholars and disciplines, and thus faces somewhat unique challenges in its efforts to establish common practices, standards, and research terminology. In this paper we offer an introduction to the open science reforms of preregistration and prepublication specifically orientated towards the CSR field. We discuss common concerns around these practices, highlighting areas of misunderstanding while conceding and discussing genuine limitations. We conclude with voluntary, low-investment recommendations for best-practices with regards preregistration and preprints for the field of the Cognitive Science of Religion.

Topic: Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Methods of Agricultural Residues Disposal and their Externalities in Xinyi, China

The survey shows that there are mainly three methods of agricultural residues disposal in the Xinyi region. About 6.79×10 5 t of agricultural residues have been generated during the summer and autumn harvest in Xinyi in 2013, and 62% of them were burned in the field, 14.8% were thrown into cannels and rivers, and 20.7% were shredded and incorporated into soil. The burning of agricultural residues results in negative externalities by bringing large amounts of pollutant emissions. In order to reduce agricultural residues burning on the farmland and encourage the incorporation of crop residues into fields, the local government should give more subsidies to make the use of shredding machine free or at least cheap enough to be accepted by farmers in the future.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Values of somatic traits and of body proportion indices in male and female newborns of Lublin.

Between December 1984 and May 1985, anthropometric measurements were applied to 455 full-term and healthy newborns (225 boys and 230 girls). The purpose of the investigation was to learn about somatic development and body proportions of Lublin newborns. It has been found that although the studied somatic traits show bigger differences between newborns of the same sex, rather than between newborns of the opposite sexes, sexual dimorphism of morphological traits apparently starts already at birth. Out of the analysed somatic traits and calculated body proportion indices, the following ones have significantly bigger values on boys: body mass and length, length of trunk with head and neck, length of trunk alone, hip width, shoulder width, width of distal femoral epiphysis, head length, width and circumference, and Quetelet index. In girls, in turn, thickness of three skin folds and shoulder-hip index are statistically more prominent. Mean values of somatic traits and body proportion indices may serve the purposes of regional standards for the evaluation of newborns in Lublin itself as well as in other towns of similar characteristics.

Topic: Nutrition and Health Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mapping Technology in Visual SLAM

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a major challenge in the field of robotics. Existing literature reviews are classified according to the localization technology or sensors. However, there are no reviews based on the map construction technology in SLAM currently. As another goal of SLAM, map construction is also very important and is the main resource that can provide significant information for applications in upper layers. This paper summarizes fundamentals of map construction technology involved in Visual SLAM (V-SLAM). In addition, this paper reviews state-of-the-art typical visual SLAM systems, with a major focus on the mapping. Various issues and applications based on SLAM are discussed.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Violence, wellbeing, and being approached with questions about violence in maternity care encounters. A qualitative study with Somali-born women in the context of recent migration to Sweden.

Background: Somali-born women constitute one of the largest groups of childbearing refugee women in Sweden after more than two decades of political violence in Somalia. In Sweden, these women encou ...

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of El Niño on Midtropospheric CO2 from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Model

Abstract The authors investigate the influence of El Niño on midtropospheric CO2 from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2). AIRS midtropospheric CO2 data are used to study the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 in response to El Niño. CO2 differences between the central and western Pacific Ocean correlate well with the Southern Oscillation index. To reveal the temporal and spatial variability of the El Niño signal in the AIRS midtropospheric CO2, a multiple regression method is applied to the CO2 data from September 2002 to February 2011. There is more (less) midtropospheric CO2 in the central Pacific and less (more) midtropospheric CO2 in the western Pacific during El Niño (La Niña) events. Similar results are seen in the MOZART-2 convolved midtropospheric CO2, although the El Niño signal in the MOZART-2 is weaker than that in the AIRS data.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct-to-Consumer Testing for Routine Purposes

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) laboratory testing for routine clinical conditions, such as chronic disease monitoring and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening, is a rapidly growing market sector. While many of the ethical and logistical issues surrounding genomic DTC testing have previously been discussed in the medical literature, there has been less focus on how routine care DTC testing presents its own opportunities to impact healthcare as well as unique challenges that must be addressed. The quality and regulatory landscape of DTC testing is complex. DTC testing laboratories are not all equal, nor are all types of medical testing appropriate for DTC marketing. Within the United States, nonmedical wellness and other DTC tests may not be reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration, and consumers may not understand the distinctions between medical and nonmedical tests. Laboratories providing medical-grade DTC testing are subject to CLIA regulations, but some DTC laboratories may not be transparent about CLIA compliance. State-level regulations as to whether DTC testing is permitted and the degree of oversight for laboratories vary as well, adding to the complexity presented to the DTC consumer.

Topic: Ethics in Clinical Research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
IL-4 suppresses TLR7- and TLR9-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A.&lt;/b&gt; We analyzed the gene expression of IL-6, TNFα, IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 by qPCR after stimulation with CpG or R848 for 6 h in cDCs treated or not with IL-4 for 24 h. Averages and SE of four independent cDC cultures are shown (*&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05; ** &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01, ***&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). &lt;b&gt;B.&lt;/b&gt; We measured by ELISA the levels of IL-6, TNFα and IL-12p70 in the supernatants of DC cultures treated or not with IL-4 for 24 h and then stimulated with R848 or CpG 1826 for 24 h. Averages and SE of four independent cultures are shown.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of functionalized copillar[4+1]arenes and rotaxane as heteromultivalent scaffolds

Copillar[4+1]arenes and their corresponding rotaxanes designed as heteromultivalent scaffolds were efficiently assembled <italic>via</italic> orthogonal couplings with a series of biologically relevant ligands.

Topic: Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
One-Step\nSynthesis of Label-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence\nCarbon Dots for the Detection of Silver Ions and Glutathione and Cellular\nImaging Applications

The construction of ratiometric fluorescence\nassay has displayed\nfantastic advantages in improving semi-quantitative visualization\ncapability by presenting successive color changes. Herein, long-wavelength\nemission nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were developed for intrinsic\nratiometric detection of silver ions (Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and glutathione\n(GSH), accompanied by visualization fluorescence variation of orange\nand green. The label-free N-CDs were favorably obtained through one-step\nhydrothermal synthesis and displayed single long-wavelength emission\nat 618 nm under the excitation wavelength of 478 nm. Interestingly,\na ratio rising peak emerges at 532 nm and the emission at 618 nm decreases\nwith the introduction of Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, which exhibits ratiometric\nfluorescence emission characteristics (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;618nm&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;532nm&lt;/sub&gt;) in the range of 0–140\nμM with significant fluorescence varying from orange to green.\nFurthermore, the fluorescence of CDs@Ag­(I) can be effectively ratiometric\nrecovered by virtue of a specific reaction of GSH with Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, which is accompanied by the fluorescence of the solution returning\nfrom green to orange. In addition, the N-CDs hold excellent biocompatibility\nwhich can be implemented as the visualization biosensing platform\nfor intracellular determination of Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and GSH, demonstrating\nthat proposed N-CDs have tremendous potential in biological systems.

Topic: Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences