jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Aggressiveness Using Circulating Plasma miRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Background/Objectives: MicroRNAs are emerging as valuable diagnostic markers for various diseases, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there is limited research on circulating miRNA expression in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Therefore, we conducted a study to explore whether plasma-derived miRNAs can distinguish PTMC from benign nodules or predict aggressiveness. Methods: A total of 150 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from January 2013 to July 2021 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into three groups: benign, low-risk PTMC, and advanced PTMC. Nine patients from each group were selected for microarray analysis for plasma miRNAs. Six miRNAs were selected for comparison of expression levels using TaqMan assay. The ROC curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic and aggressiveness value of the miRNAs. Results: From the microarray analysis, miR-455-3p and miR-548ac were identified as miRNAs that can significantly differentiate between benign nodules and PTMC. A combination of six miRNAs (miR-455-3p, miR-548ac., miR-221, miR-222, miR-146a. miR-146b) rather than individual miRNAs had the highest AUC (0.857), sensitivity (0.867), and specificity (0.800) in differentiating benign and PTMC. In microarray analysis, no significant miRNAs were observed to distinguish between low-risk group and aggressive PTMC. However, in the six-miRNA combination, it was possible to distinguish low-risk PTMC from aggressive PTMC with an AUC of 0.763, sensitivity of 0.739, and the specificity of 0.727. Conclusions: A combination of six miRNAs presents the possibility of distinguishing between benign and PTMC and low-risk and aggressive PTMC with an acceptable AUC, sensitivity, and specificity.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Correlates Of Employee Satisfaction With Performance Appraisal System In Foreign MNC BPOs Operating In India

This paper is based on an empirical study of five foreign MNC BPO firms operating in India, ranked among the top 100 by the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP) for the year 2009. The data was collected using quantitative methods from 163 employees constituting 1% of the population under study. The level of satisfaction among the respondents towards the performance appraisal system is at 69.94 percent. Regression analysis, using a significance level of 5 per cent, shows that three of the variables used in the study are significantly influencing the satisfaction and all these three significant variables are positively associated with satisfaction and all other variables have emerged as the insignificant variables. All the variables used in our study collectively account for 42.6 per cent of the satisfaction. The factor analysis has identified four factors: the variables of factor one contribute 34.786 per cent variation, followed by 12.788 per cent, 11.961 per cent and 8.389 per cent variation being contributed by factor two, three and four respectively.

Topic: Regional Development and Management Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Resolution enhancement of video sequences using motion compensation

Improving the spatial resolution of an image sequence critically depends upon the accuracy of the motion estimator. The problem is complicated by the fact that the motion field is prone to significant errors since original high resolution images are not available. In earlier work, bilinearly interpolated images were used as initial conditions for the proposed algorithm. In this paper, the use of other initial conditions, such as previously estimated images, is experimentally investigated. Furthermore, various forms of the iterative video resolution enhancement algorithm are studied experimentally.

Topic: Advanced Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by SARS-CoV-2

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ContributionsAll authors contribute equally in this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Figure 1. Chest Portable X ray shows exaggerated cardiac, right lung base consolidation, segmental atelectasis extending to the right upper lobe and left lower lobe. Peribronchial wall thickening and right Costopherenic angles obliteration (the right pleural effusion).Display full sizeConflict of interestThe authors declare no potential conflict of interest.Ethics approval and consent to participateThe study complied with guidelines for human studies.Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from patient. The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of PSMMC.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by SANAD Children’s Cancer Support Association and SANAD Research Grants Program (Grant Number: RGP-2020-01).

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Dynamic Analysis of Household Dissolution and Living Arrangement Transitions by Elderly Americans

This paper exploits the new non-response files of the Panel Study of Tncome Dynamics in order to study living arrangement transitions of elderly Americans.The focus of the paper is an estimate of the probability of household dissolution, i.e., the probabilities of transitions from living independently to living with adult children or other related or unrelated persons and the probability of becoming institutionalized, and an investigation of the factors causing such transitions.Our main result is an astounding stability of living arrangements even after incisive life-events such as death of a spouse, onset of a disability, or in the years immediately preceeding death, in particular the large proportion of elderly who stay living independently until their deaths.Almost two thirds of all elderly are living independently in the year of their deaths.14.4 percent share at least once housing with relatives or friends, 3.1 percent experience a stay in an institution.Old age, being male or of low income significantly increases the risk of institutionalization.Elderly with a large family and nonwhite elderly are the groups most likely to share housing.All this might be expected.An important new finding, however, is the time trend of these probabilities.Holding all other factors constant, the risk of institutionalization increased substantially between 1968 and 1984 while the likelihood of being "taken in" by relatives or friends markedly decreased.

Topic: demographic modeling and climate adaptation
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lorentz Violation in Deep Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Lorentz violation in the quark sector induces a sidereal time dependence in electron-proton, proton-antiproton and proton-proton cross sections. At high energies nonperturbative effects are buried in universal nucleon parton distribution functions and Lorentz violating effects are calculable in perturbation theory. We focus on deep inelastic electron-proton scattering data collected from ZEUS and H1 at HERA and show that a sideral time analysis of these events is able to set strong constraints on most of the coefficients we consider.

Topic: Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Education, Citizenship and Mediation

In Portugal, as in other countries, questions regarding social mediation for promoting personal development and autonomy, citizenship and cohesion and as a methodology of communication, facilitation and interaction between people and groups, have developed in various areas of social organisations. Mediation practices have been strengthening their conceptual and empirical grounding for the following reasons: an increased recognition of their social and educational potential, and as a result of the high level of fragility regarding the stability, convenience, and social cohesion of current society. Mediation, as a qualification and empowerment of individuals, is centred on people, social groups, and communication skills for coping with multiple problems. Mediation is, therefore, recognised as a potential practice that increases the development of a desire in individuals and groups to construct the dynamics of non-violent and participatory interactions. Bearing in mind the relevance of mediation practices and mediator actions in social and educational contexts, Portuguese socio-educational mediators have been studied with the aim of characterising the Portuguese reality concerning elements and figures of socio-educational mediation, focusing on a perceived social and professional identity. This article presents and discusses the importance of mediation in education and the knowledge that mediators recognise as important for their activity.

Topic: Educational Practices and Policies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tantalum Angiography in Experimental Hyperacute Renal Xenograft Rejection

Hyperacute renal xenograft rejection (pig to dog) was examined, correlating blood flow, coagulation studies, platelet and white cell consumption, and pathology, to a new radiological procedure using metallic tantalum particles injected into the arterial vascular bed. This radiographic technique was compared with a standard replacement method of microfil injection. The tantalum method illustrated the subtle changes of a decreased glomerular perfusion vividly. The demonstration of decreasing numbers of visualized glomeruli radiologically correlated with the physiological, coagulation, and pathologic studies implicating localized obstruction of the microcirculation of the glomerulus by intravascular coagulation. The microfil injections into hyperacute rejected kidneys were inferior in demonstrating these changes because of the complete filling of the postglomerular vascular bed, including the renal vein. With the technique of tantalum angiography, the progressive destruction of the glomerular microcirculation demonstrated that this vascular bed was the prime target in the experimental model of hyperacute xenograft renal rejection. Arterial spasm was suggested by the segmental narrowing of the arteries early in the process of rejection. This again could not be demonstrated by microfil. The source of this vasoactivity presumably is from the platelets or white cells which have been consumed during the process of rejection. Other sources for this vasospasm are considered.

Topic: Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optical Absorption Spectra of Charge-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from First-Principles Calculations

We calculated the optical absorption spectrum response of single-walled carbon nanotubes under charge doping by using density functional theory. We find that the spectrum responses can be generally divided into two categories: one is similar to those obtained from the graphene zone-folding and rigid-band model, while the other deviates from the expectation and shows several special features. Our analysis reveals that the doping type and curvature effects play the primary role. Finally, we argue that the present results will probably prevail in more elaborate methods and other similar nanotubes.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND CHARACTER EVOLUTION OF DIDYMOCARPUS (GESNERIACEAE) IN THAILAND

Until recently the genus Didymocarpus Wall. (Gesneriaceae) was used in an unwarrantably wide sense and included more than 180 species. It has now been remodelled and restricted to around 70 species. Of these, 18 species and one variety are known to occur in Thailand. To clarify the relationships among Thai species of Didymocarpus we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) from a sample of 23 taxa, including 15 from Thailand, four from China, three from Malaysia and one from Bhutan. Seventeen morphological characters were coded for all 23 taxa and optimized onto a retention index (RI) reweighted maximum parsimony (MP) tree. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that Didymocarpus taxa formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade, with several supported subclades. The combination of molecular phylogeny and optimization of morphological characters suggests the presence of three distinct groups: the first, corresponding to Didymocarpus sect. Elati Ridl., includes plants with tall stems, yellow or white flowers and one-celled conoid or two-celled headed pigment glands; the other two groups, which represent Didymocarpus sect. Didymocarpus, both contain plants with dwarfed stems and violet or purple flowers, but are distinguished by the presence of both four-celled conoid or onecelled globose glands in one, and the absence in the other. Optimization of geographical locality onto the phylogeny led us to propose the hypothesis that, based on this sample, the geographical origin of Didymocarpus is the Malay Peninsula, and the ancestral corolla colour is white/yellow. Subsequent dispersal northward through southern and northern Thailand to China and Bhutan was accompanied by the evolution of a purple/violet corolla colour.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
High-Affinity Interactions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factors (TRAFs) and CD40 Require TRAF Trimerization and CD40 Multimerization

Signaling by some TNF receptor family members, including CD40, is mediated by TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) that interact with receptor cytoplasmic domains following ligand-induced receptor oligomerization. Here we have defined the oligomeric structure of recombinant TRAF domains that directly interact with CD40 and quantitated the affinities of TRAF2 and TRAF3 for CD40. Biochemical and biophysical analyses demonstrated that TRAF domains of TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, and TRAF6 formed homo-trimers in solution. N-terminal deletions of TRAF2 and TRAF3 defined minimal amino acid sequences necessary for trimer formation and indicated that the coiled coil TRAF-N region is required for trimerization. Consistent with the idea that TRAF trimerization is required for high-affinity interactions with CD40, monomeric TRAF-C domains bound to CD40 significantly weaker than trimeric TRAFs. In surface plasmon resonance studies, a hierarchy of affinity of trimeric TRAFs for trimeric CD40 was found to be TRAF2 > TRAF3 >> TRAF1 and TRAF6. CD40 trimerization was demonstrated to be sufficient for optimal NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase activation through wild-type CD40. In contrast, a higher degree of CD40 multimerization was necessary for maximal signaling in a cell line expressing a mutated CD40 (T254A) that signaled only through TRAF6. The affinities of TRAF proteins for oligomerized receptors as well as different requirements for degree of receptor multimerization appear to contribute to the selectivity of TRAF recruitment to receptor cytoplasmic domains.

Topic: NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation of Bacillus subtilis CK-2 Hydrolysing Various Organic Materials

섬유소를 비롯한 단백질, 지질, 녹말을 분해할 수 있는 세균을 된장으로부터 분리하여 동정한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 분류되었으며, Bacillus subtilis CK-2로 명명하였다. 분리균주는 <TEX>$40\sim45^{\circ}C$</TEX>의 비교적 넓은 온도 범위와 pH 6~9의 넓은 pH 범위, 그리고 NaCl 0~3% 범위에서 잘 자랐으며, 높은 자가분해효소 활성을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. B. subtilis CK-2가 분비하는 가수분해효소들은 대부분 세균의 생장과 거의 비례적으로 세포외 활성을 나타내는 1차 대사산물로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 B. subtilis CK-2는 농수임산물 폐기물이나 음식물 폐기물의 퇴비화, 사료 생산 등에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. A bacterium hydrolysing various organic materials including cellulose, protein, starch and lipid was isolated. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis, and named Bacillus subtilis CK-2 in this paper. This bacterium showed optimal growth at <TEX>$40\sim45^{\circ}C$</TEX>, pH 6~9, and 0~3% of NaCl. B. subtilis CK-2 seemed to synthesis highly active autolysin. The hydrolytic enzymes produced by B. subtilis CK-2 were primary enzymes because extracellular enzyme activities varied similarly to the growth curve. The hydrolytic enzymes seemed to be stable at basic pH conditions. From these results, B. subtilis CK-2 was found to bea useful bacterial agent for composting, or for use in feed-production waste in agriculture, fishery, forest materials, livestock farming, and food.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Do direct-democratic procedures lead to higher acceptance than political representation?

Are direct-democratic decisions more acceptable to voters than decisions arrived at through representative procedures? We conduct an experimental online vignette study with a German sample to investigate how voters’ acceptance of a political decision depends on the process through which it is reached. For a set of different issues, we investigate how acceptance varies depending on whether the decision is the result of a direct-democratic institution, a party in a representative democracy, or an expert committee. Our results show that for important issues, direct democracy generates greater acceptance; this finding holds particularly for those voters who do not agree with a collectively chosen outcome. However, if the topic is of limited importance to the voters, acceptance does not differ between the mechanisms. Our results imply that a combination of representative democracy and direct democracy, conditional on the distribution of issue importance among the electorate, may be optimal with regard to acceptance of political decisions.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Functional state of the kidneys in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders].

A clinico-laboratorial study of the functional state of the kidneys in 54 patients with severe hemorrhagical and ischemic brain strokes established intensified glomerular filtration in a relatively preserved water excretional, concentrational, Na and K uretical kidney function. The detected azotemia is considered as a result of excessive production of residual blood over the increased function of the kidneys to their elimination. Classical acute kidney insufficiency developed in 3 patients with severe disturbances of hemocirculation.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Canonical Polyadic Decomposition of Third-Order Tensors: Reduction to Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition

Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) of a third-order tensor is\ndecomposition in a minimal number of rank-$1$ tensors. We call an algorithm\nalgebraic if it is guaranteed to find the decomposition when it is exact and if\nit only relies on standard linear algebra (essentially sets of linear equations\nand matrix factorizations). The known algebraic algorithms for the computation\nof the CPD are limited to cases where at least one of the factor matrices has\nfull column rank. In the paper we present an algebraic algorithm for the\ncomputation of the CPD in cases where none of the factor matrices has full\ncolumn rank. In particular, we show that if the famous Kruskal condition holds,\nthen the CPD can be found algebraically.\n

Topic: Tensor decomposition and applications
Subfield: Computational Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Colonization of chicken cecae by Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic colitis

Bacterial enumeration, histologic examination, and immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated the ability of an Escherichia coli strain associated with hemorrhagic colitis (serotype O157:H7) to colonize chicken cecae for up to 90 days postinoculation after a peroral challenge at 1 day of age. The bacteria induced mild, transient, mucous membrane damage confined to the proximal cecae of healthy, normal-appearing chickens, principally at 14 to 28 days postinoculation. Attachment, effacement, and penetration of the cecal surface epithelium by E. coli O157:H7 were observed. With the exception of splenic, hepatic, and cecal tonsil immune-related changes and cecal damage and colonization, no other organ systems or portions of the gastrointestinal tract were affected by the bacteria. Bacterial counts indicated that E. coli O157:H7 was predominantly present in the cecae (often at levels greater than 10(6) CFU/g of tissue and contents) and to a lesser extent in the colon. Our results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 colonizes chicken cecae and is passed through the colon with fecal excrement. The ability of this organism to colonize chicken cecae indicates that chickens may serve as hosts and possibly as reservoirs for E. coli O157:H7.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
410. The resinols. Part III. α- and β-Amyrone oxides and their derivatives

F. S. Spring and T. Vickerstaff, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 1859 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340001859

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Disorder Prediction Methods, Their Applicability to Different Protein Targets and Their Usefulness for Guiding Experimental Studies

The role and function of a given protein is dependent on its structure. In recent years, however, numerous studies have highlighted the importance of unstructured, or disordered regions in governing a protein’s function. Disordered proteins have been found to play important roles in pivotal cellular functions, such as DNA binding and signalling cascades. Studying proteins with extended disordered regions is often problematic as they can be challenging to express, purify and crystallise. This means that interpretable experimental data on protein disorder is hard to generate. As a result, predictive computational tools have been developed with the aim of predicting the level and location of disorder within a protein. Currently, over 60 prediction servers exist, utilizing different methods for classifying disorder and different training sets. Here we review several good performing, publicly available prediction methods, comparing their application and discussing how disorder prediction servers can be used to aid the experimental solution of protein structure. The use of disorder prediction methods allows us to adopt a more targeted approach to experimental studies by accurately identifying the boundaries of ordered protein domains so that they may be investigated separately, thereby increasing the likelihood of their successful experimental solution.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Degeneration of knitted Dacron grafts.

This report describes three instances of severe deterioration in tensile strength of knitted Dacron grafts (Weaveknit) supplied prior to 1969. Similar deterioration has been encountered previously by us and other surgeons. All patients with this type of graft should be re-examined periodically and, if deterioration is detected at operation, the entire graft probably should be replaced. These experiences indicate that further investigation and, possibly, some alteration of the manufacturing process are warranted.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences