jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ephebes and Precursors in Chekhov's <i>The Seagull</i>

Harold Bloom's The Anxiety of Influence takes the Freudian concept of an oedipal relationship between father and son as a model for the relationship that exists when one artist, the father figure (or precursor, as Bloom calls him), influences another artist (the ephebe, in Bloom's terminology). Bloom's work provides a desirable redefinition of standard treatments of influence and stylistic change in that it offers a dynamic, rather than a static, paradigm, and denies any simplistic dissociation of the artist as historical figure from the poet as poet. Furthermore, it denies that literary influences can occur as purely verbal processes, and it affirms that the creative process is emotionally charged, like so many other important human experiences. In Anxiety of Influence Bloom states, in typically absolute terms, “Poetic Influence—when it involves two strong, authentic poets,—always proceeds by a misreading of the prior poet, an act of creative correction that is actually and necessarily a misinterpretation.“

Topic: Rhetoric and Communication Studies
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Chaos, Cosmos and Creation in Early Greek Theogonies

Cosmological narratives like the creation story in the book of Genesis or the modern Big Bang are popularly understood to be descriptions of how the universe was created. However, cosmologies also say a great deal more. Indeed, the majority of cosmologies, ancient and modern, explore not simply how the world was made but how humans relate to their surrounding environment and the often thin line which separates humans from gods and animals.

Topic: Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Use of Zebrafish and in Vivo PAL as a Novel Discovery Platform for Psychoactive Agents

Our research is utilizing the zebrafish model to study molecular processes and animal models of human diseases. These studies discussed here start to assess how different bath salts and methamphetaminecause death upon overdose by addressing the molecules that may bind to the illicit drugs. We have accomplished this by developing an in vivo photo-affinity labelling (PAL) system and studying the drugs in our system. The zebrafish has been lauded as a unique and powerful tool to examine development in a vertebrate animal and address molecular aspects of human disease for decades. We will examine recent published data from our laboratory utilizing the PAL system we developed.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
BILATERAL OTITIS MEDIA AND UNILATERALSENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS AS THE FIRST SIGNS OFWEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS

Background Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a rare disease characterised by blood vessel inflammation. Due to its endorgan damage it is life threatening, primarily affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, trachea, lungs) and the kidneys. Materials, Methods, Results In this paper we describe the case of a 46-year-old woman who within one year developed bilateral otitis media and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss as the first clinical manifestations of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Conclusions Even though bilateral otitis media is not a rare condition, in some cases it can be associated with a systemic disease. Suspicion of such a diagnosis should be reinforced when sensorineural hearing loss is present and the history of chronic otitis media is short. In the absence of other typical findings, the role of the otorhinolaryngologist is very important and any case with such symptoms should be thoroughly investigated.

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Disulfide bond formation in the eye lens.

The disposition and disposal of the -SH groups of the lens during aging and cataractogenesis have been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive microprobe in the intact living lens. In this procedure -SH and -S-S- give unique discrete Raman signals (at 2580 and 508 cm-1) that may be used to calculate relative concentrations in a very small volume of the lens. We present evidence showing an unexpected and remarkable difference with respect to these groups between the mouse lens and the lenses of guinea pig and man. The mouse lens nucleus exhibits a precipitous fall in the -SH concentration on aging from 1 to 6 months; concomitantly, there is a rise in -S-S- of comparable magnitude, indicating a direct conversion. The guinea pig lens, however, is quite different with respect to the age-dependent change in nuclear -S-S-: there is none between 6 months and 5 years. In the human lens -S-S- behaves exactly as in the guinea pig lens: the level is low and does not change with age between 9 and 65 years. With respect to nuclear -SH, these two latter species of lenses show some decrease with age but nothing like the approach to zero found in the aging mouse lens nucleus. These differences involving lenticular -SH and -S-S- appear to be correlated with the hard nucleus in the mouse lens and the softer nuclei of lenses in guinea pigs and humans. The relatively high level of -S-S- in the old but clear mouse lens does not support the idea that protein aggregation involving formation of intermolecular -S-S- bonds is necessarily an important cause of nuclear cataract. The small but significant age-related depression of -SH in guinea pig lens nuclei without any accumulation of -S-S- may be explained as a result of glutathione (GSH) oxidation and subsequent extrusion of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) by the lens. We propose that the oxidation of glutathione proceeds by reaction with protein disulfide groups to yield protein sulfhydryl (PSH) and a mixed disulfide of glutathione and protein; the mixed disulfide is capable of being reduced by glutathione reductase and NADPH, yielding the original PSH and GSSG, which is extruded from the lens. It remains to be determined if this mechanism is more active in guinea pig and human lenses than in the mouse lens.

Topic: Connexins and lens biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Broadband and low-profile H-plane ridged horn antenna

This paper presents a broadband and low-profile Hplane horn antenna mounted on a large ground plane. By employing stepped ridges and an ellipse-shaped copper taper extended along the horn aperture, the proposed antenna achieves a wide bandwidth from 4.2 GHz to 18 GHz for VSWR 2 while retaining the antenna height of only 5.508mm. Acceptable gain values with nearly end-fire radiation beams are obtained over the entire frequency band.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phytophthora infestans population structure: a worldwide scale

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease in potato and other members of the Solanaceae family, is responsible for causing the Irish potato famine and, even today, it causes enormous economic losses all over the world. For the establishment of an adequate pest management strategy, the determination of population structure is required. To characterize P. infestans populations worldwide two allozymes, Gpi (Glucose-6-phospate isomerase) and Pep (Peptidase), the RG57 DNA RFLP fingerprinting probe, as well as resistance to the fungicide metalaxyl and the mating type, have been used as markers. P. infestans populations in Mexico have been one of the main focuses of research in the population biology of this pathogen because this country has been considered as one of the possible centers of origin of this oomycete. In this review we present the population structure of P. infestans in Mexico, Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and South America expanding on the present situation of P. infestans in Colombia. Finally, we will discuss different lines of research that are being carried out today with respect to P. infestans in Colombia, which have shown the importance of continuing the study of this devastating plant pathogen in our country.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SKIN SURFACE BRACHYTHERAPY FOR CUTANEOUS T LYMPHOMA: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkins lymphomas that are characterized by a cutaneous infiltration of malignant monoclonal T lymphocytes.At the early stages, CTCLs are often misdiagnosed as benign skin conditions and the treatment is still not well codified. We report the diagnostic and therapeutic path of a case of cutaneous anaplastic large celllymphoma located in the left forearm treated by skin surface brachytherapy(SS-BT) in theRadiotherapy-Brachytherapy department of the HASSANII university hospital center in FES. In our patient SS-BT provided us an excellent local control andgood cosmetic results.

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Likelihood of Bacterial Infection in Patients Treated With Broad-Spectrum IV Antibiotics in the Emergency Department*

OBJECTIVES: Best practice guidelines and quality metrics recommend immediate antibiotic treatment for all patients with suspected sepsis. However, little is known about how many patients given IV antibiotics in the emergency department are ultimately confirmed to have bacterial infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: We performed a retrospective study of adult patients who presented to four Massachusetts emergency departments between June 2015 and June 2018 with suspected serious bacterial infection, defined as blood cultures drawn and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics administered. Structured medical record reviews were performed on a random sample of 300 cases to determine the post hoc likelihood of bacterial infection, categorized as definite, likely, unlikely, or definitely none. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 300 patients with suspected serious bacterial infections, mean age was 68 years ( sd 18), median hospital length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range, 3–8 d), 45 (15%) were admitted directly to ICU, and 14 (5%) died in hospital. Overall, 196 (65%) had definite ( n = 115; 38%) or likely ( n = 81; 27%) bacterial infection, whereas 104 (35%) were unlikely ( n = 55; 18%) or definitely not infected ( n = 49; 16%). Antibiotic treatment durations differed by likelihood of infection (median 15 days for definite, 9 for likely, 7 for unlikely, and 3 for definitely not infected). The most frequent post hoc diagnoses in patients with unlikely or definitely no bacterial infection included viral infections (28%), volume overload or cardiac disease (9%), drug effects (9%), and hypovolemia (7%). The likelihoods of infection were similar in the subset of 96 cases in whom emergency department providers explicitly documented possible or suspected sepsis and in the 45 patients admitted from the emergency department to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: One third of patients empirically treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department are ultimately diagnosed with noninfectious or viral conditions. These findings underscore the difficulty diagnosing serious infections in the emergency department and have important implications for guidelines and quality measures that compel immediate empiric antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis.

Topic: Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified Rare Genetic Variants Associated with Undervirilized Genitalia in Taiwanese Pediatric Patients

Disorders/differences of sex development (DSDs) are a group of rare and phenotypically variable diseases. The underlying genetic causes of most cases of 46XY DSDs remains unknown. Despite the advent of genetic testing, current investigations of the causes of DSDs allow genetic-mechanism identification in about 20–35% of cases. This study aimed primarily to establish a rapid and high-throughput genetic test for undervirilized males with and without additional dysmorphic features. Routine chromosomal and endocrinological investigations were performed as part of DSD evaluation. We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) complemented with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to seek explainable genetic causes. Integrated computing programs were used to call and predict the functions of genetic variants. We recruited 20 patients and identified the genetic etiologies for 14 (70%) patients. A total of seven of the patients who presented isolated DSD phenotypes were found to have causative variants in the AR, MAP3K1, and FLNA genes. Moreover, the other seven patients presented additional phenotypes beyond undervirilized genitalia. Among them, two patients were compatible with CHARGE syndrome, one with Robinow syndrome, and another three with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. One patient, who carried a heterozygous FLNA mutation, also harbored a heterozygous PTPN11 mutation and thus presented some phenotypes of Noonan syndrome. We identified several genetic variants (12 nonsense mutations and one microdeletion) that account for syndromic and nonsyndromic DSDs in the Taiwanese population. The identification of these causative genes extended our current understanding of sex development and related congenital disorders.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
And finally… how do we put all the evidence into practice?

The evidence-based practice agenda will remain a theoretical objective unless attention is focused on how best to influence clinicians to change practice. Studies in this area already tell us that addressing the specific barriers to change in practice environments are crucial to success. Qualitative research methods have a key role in enabling us to change practice behaviours by revealing underlying power relationships that imbue practice. Midwifery needs to break free from an obstetric-led evidence agenda if it is to salvage physiological birth from evidence-driven clinical protocols claiming to reduce risk.

Topic: Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustainability indicators in an evolving sustainability information system: The case of Seattle

Sustainability is a contested, normative concept that frames decisions using a holistic, longterm perspective based on environmental, social, and economic considerations. Cities have taken the lead in incorporating this framework into decision-making processes, from Local Agenda 21 processes to city- specific planning. However, as cities have begun to integrate sustainability into decision-making, they have been confronted with several concerns regarding the use of information and indicators. The contested nature of sustainability makes the collection and use of information inherently political and occasionally problematic. Indicators can serve multiple purposes in the policy process, from system monitoring to issue framing and coalition building. As problems or actors’ understanding of them changes, new indicators may be required and old information used in new ways. However, the way indicators are used by different actors in the policy-making process is not well understood. This paper will seek to answer this question by studying the evolving sustainability information system in Seattle, as well as the role of individual indicator users within the city. Seattle, which has used sustainability indicators for over two decades, is an international leader in this area. I use a case study approach that evaluates historical materials, government and organizational documents, and interviews with decision-makers. I highlight the various ways that actors in Seattle collect and use information related to sustainability in policy-making. I demonstrate that, although actors at different scales inside and outside government use information in multiple ways to influence policy, different types of actors emphasize specific uses based on their capacity, goals, and the needs of the system. This creates an evolving sustainability system in which actors work together to provide and discuss information, frame sustainability, and create effective policy to improve sustainability in the city.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[An analysis of recent decline of period fertility of Japanese women, based on models of nuptiality, fertility and reproductivity (author's transl)].

The period fertility started to decline in advanced western countries in the mid-1960s. In Japan it has been in continuous decline since 1974 (crude birth rate dropped from 19.4/1000 population in 1973 to 14.2 in 1974; total fertility rate declined from 2.14 in 1973 to 1.77 in 1974). During the decline of period fertility, cohort fertility rates remained stationary. The number of children ever born/married woman agegs 35/39 declined from 4.0 in 1950 2.16 in 1970 but between 1972-77, the level remained at around 2.2. There was no significant change in the number of children ever born/currently married woman by marriage duration. To resolve the relationship between the decline of period fertility and the stability of cohort fertility, we calculated the number of births and total fertility rates for 1961-70, using the models of nuptiality, fertility, and reproductivity as described by Itoh 1978. These figures were based on the number of bridges by age at marriage from 1947-78, the couples surviving rate by marriage duration, and the marriage cohort fertility rates by marriage duration as derived from the 5th and 7th National Fertility Surveys of 1967 and 1977. The results in case 1 were based on the number of brides, the average rates for marriage dissolution, and the marriage duration specific birth rates for total and parity 1. The results in case 2 used the number of brides by age at marriage in spite of the total number of brides for estimating the age --specific birth rates and total number of brides for estimating the age that the 2 sets of estimated number of births are vey close to those based on the vital statistics. The % of difference between the estimated total fertility rates seen in tabular form and those based on vital statistics also closed with the largest difference of 3% in 1977. Conclusively, the recent decline of period fertility rates (crude birth rates and total fertility rates) is due to a decline in the number of marriages and a changing age distribution of brides after 1973, because both of the couples surviving and the cumulative fertility did not change significantly during that period. (author's) (summary in Eng]

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supervisory Control of Modular Discrete-Event Systems Under Partial Observation: Normality

Complex systems are often composed of many small communicating components called modules. We investigate the synthesis of supervisory controllers for modular systems under partial observation that, as the closed-loop system, realize the supremal normal sublanguage of the specification. Such controllers are called maximally permissive normal supervisors. The challenge in modular systems is to find conditions under which the global nonblocking and maximally permissive normal supervisor can be achieved locally as the parallel composition of local normal supervisors. We show that a structural concept of hierarchical supervisory control called modified observation consistency (MOC) is such a condition.However, the algorithmic verification of MOC is an open problem, and therefore it is necessary to find easily-verifiable conditions that ensure MOC. We show that the condition that all shared events are observable is such a condition.Considering specifications, we examine both local specifications, where each module has its own specification, and global specifications.Combining our results for normality with the existing results for controllability yields the local synthesis of the nonblocking and maximally permissive controllable and normal supervisor. Finally, we illustrate the results on an industrial case study of the patient table of an MRI scanner.

Topic: Petri Nets in System Modeling
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Green Shares: Concept, Design and Principal Agent Problem in the Environmental Mutual Fund Industry

The present paper addresses the Law and Economics of Green Investment (Green Shares) in the specific field of green mutual funds, and analyzes the principal agent problem that exists between the single investor and the green fund manager, suggesting regulation and optimal contracting clauses in order to reduce and minimize the conflict of interests and asymmetric information inherent to the relationship. The first chapter introduces and establishes the concept of Green investment (Green shares). The second chapter focuses on the market instruments of Green Investment, outlining mutual funds, as well as pension funds, private equity and hedge funds. Empirical data is presented, dealing mainly with fund performance and effects of remuneration schemes and covenants. The third chapter covers the legal background of mutual funds and correlated market instruments of green investment in Europe, the UK and the USA, in both hard and soft law areas. The last chapter presents the Principal Agent Problem, with normative suggestions of new regulation and contracting possibilities in the area of Green Mutual Funds.

Topic: Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Dipstick Urine Studies Using a Scoring System Based on Test Performance Characteristics

A weighted scoring system based on the selection of four measures of the performance characteristics of a laboratory test--sensitivity, specificity, and false positive and false negative rates--was devised to provide a rationale basis for ranking and evaluating dipstick urine screening tests as a criterion for elimination of routine urine microscopic examination. Equal weight was assigned to each performance characteristic, and an arbitrarily chosen scoring scale of 100 was selected for simplicity. When a summation procedure was applied to urine studies available in the medical literature, three categories of author acceptability were found: accept: score greater than 80; conditional accept: score 70-80; reject: score less than 70. Studies incorporating leukocyte esterase (LE) were found to have the highest scores and the highest author acceptability, whereas studies lacking LE had the lowest scores and lowest author acceptability. This easy-to-use, weighted scoring system is proposed as a guide for deciding whether dipstick screening tests are acceptable as a way of eliminating routine microscopic examination.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research on Image Color Restoration and Its Application in LCD Display

The continuous popularization of liquid crystal displays has prompted the progress of liquid crystal. People's demand for liquid crystal displays is no longer limited to display. And there are more and more demands on the functions, appearance and price of liquid crystal displays. One of the highlights is the high level of color reproduction performance of liquid crystal displays. This paper is to study a color reproduction scheme that improves the color reproduction performance of liquid crystal displays. It is inexpensive to develop.

Topic: Color Science and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences