jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction of high-resolution software correlator in photon correlation spectroscopy

A double-time model software correlator with 5ns time resolution was presented. This correlator includes 12 independent linear correlators. A simple algorithm used for counting the number of photon signals and computing the correlation function on line, was complied by using the graphical programming language Labview8.2. By using of a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a National Instruments Model PXI-5152 high-speed acquisition board, a National Instruments Model PXI-8105 control system, correlation functions can be worked out in real time over time scales of 5μs and processing in blocks down to time scales of ~10ms. Its performances were tested by using polystyrene spheres and silicon dioxide spheres diluted in water. These two kinds of nanoparticles are in different sizes. The correlation functions computed indicate that our correlator is feasible to compute the correlation functions in photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS).

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spiritual Intelligence: A Road Map to Future Learning

Rational Intelligence helps us take logical decisions while emotional and spiritual intelligence can be blended together in a beautiful way. IQ and EQ have given a way to Intelligence, which is considered as the base of all intelligences. It has been tried out through this study that how Intelligence can guide a leader in the organisation to think beyond his/her own personal goals/identity. Authors have tried to conceptualise the Intelligence / Quotient Model which enumerate the characteristics of a leader who is spiritually intelligent and also tries to co-relate the concept of Learning Organisational Culture with the extensive and wide use of Intelligence in the organisations. Literature available on the subject has been reviewed extensively to arrive at the following concepts and to establish the correlation between Intelligence and Learning Culture/ Habits of the Organisations. To test the above concepts, authors have chosen two Public Sector Undertakings, one is Bharat Petroleum, which has been a Fortune 500 Company and the other one is NTPC, which is a leading Navratna status and profit making Public Sector Organisation. It was observed that academically the respondents at all levels were unknown to this Spiritual intelligence, and they understood the concept as alternate to religion. In the view of literature the characteristics of spiritually intelligent leader should includes intrapersonal characteristics like self awareness, self realization, Self actualization, Self respect, Organizational awareness, Organizational actualization, Independence, Assertiveness, selfness and Altruistic Attitude along with other interpersonal characteristics, Stress management characteristics, Adaptability etc.

Topic: Leadership and Management in Organizations
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of a Silicone Sheet for Sinus Mucocele

Introduction: For the treatment of sinus mucoceles, simple intranasal drainage and marsupialization have been advocated. However, postoperative re-stenosis of the outflow tracts of mucoceles may occur. We have used a modified silicone sheet to maintain the patency of mucocele outflow tracts, and here report on the usefulness of this method.Subjects and Methods: Nineteen cases (17 patients) of mucoceles, 11 (10 patients) involving the maxillary sinus, 4 (3 patients) the frontal sinus, and 4 (4 patients) the sphenoid sinus, were treated. After marsupialization of the sinus mucocele under endoscopic surgery, a silicone sheet, shaped to prevent dislodgement or migration into the sinus, was inserted. The sheet was removed in the office 12-24 weeks postoperatively, and outflow tract size was followed-up for at least 6 months.Results: Two representative cases are shown: the first involved secondary sphenoid sinus mucoceles, and the other was a primary frontal sinus mucocele. In the first case, sphenoid sinus mucoceles were seen bilaterally. A silicone sheet was inserted only on the left side of the sphenoid sinus. After 10 months, the left-side outflow tract of the sphenoid sinus was well preserved, while the right-side tract was closed. In the second case, the nasofrontal passageway was well preserved, with an osteitic bone in the frontal recess. Overall, this method resulted in a high patency rate of mucocele outflow tracts. However, in 2 of 4 frontal sinus mucoceles and 1 of 11 maxillary sinus mucoceles, the silicone sheets dislodged spontaneously within 3 months postoperatively.Conclusion: Silicone sheets may be better than firm tubes or catheters with respect to the patency rates of mucocele outflow tracts. However, in frontal sinus mucoceles, some modifications will be needed to prevent spontaneous dislodgement.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DAF-2c signaling promotes taste avoidance after starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling distinct phospholipase C isozymes

Source data for graphs reported in "DAF-2c signaling promotes taste avoidance after starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling distinct phospholipase C isozymes".

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Debrett's illustrated peerage and titles of courtesy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; to which is added much information respecting the immediate family connections of the peers. Under direct personal revision and correction

Journal Article Debrett's illustrated peerage and titles of courtesy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; to which is added much information respecting the immediate family connections of the peers. Under direct personal revision and correction Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s4-IX, Issue 214, 3 February 1872, Page 106, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-IX.214.106a Published: 03 February 1872

Topic: Scottish History and National Identity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Neural network modeling for the fast estimation of superstrate loading effect on rectangular microstrip patch antennas

A neural network model for the shift in resonant frequency of a rectangular microstrip antenna covered with a dielectric layer is presented. The primary effect of such loading is to change the resonant frequency of the antenna. The absolute value of change increases with operating frequency, relative permittivity and the thickness of the dielectric layer. This change may cause degradation in performance due to the inherently narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, if the effect of loading is not considered in the design. The neural network model presented here may be used to design microstrip antennas that may be subjected to icing or other atmospheric deposition or coated with protective layers. The model developed is found to be in good agreement with electromagnetic simulation using method of moments.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide association study of leaf rust resistance in Russian spring wheat varieties

Additional file 1: Table S1. Meteorological conditions for the growing seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Novosibirskaya oblast, weather station 54.54° N, 82.57° E).

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Laryngeal Paraganglioma

A rare case of supraglottic laryngeal paraganglioma is presented. There have been only twenty-three other reported cases of the tumor recorded in the English, German and French literature. The patient was a 56-year-old woman with a history of hoarseness and stridor for about three years, and with a pink submucosal cherry-sized mass involving the aryepiglottic fold to the false cord on the left side. Treatment was an extralaryngeal excision after a preliminary treacheostomy. Blood loss was estimated at 260ml.The published cases of laryngeal paraganglioma as well as the present case indicate that in all but one of these cases, laryngeal paraganglioma originated superiorly in the larynx; that involvement of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold is common; that the incidence of the tumor is equal in the sexes; and that the average age of patients at the time of diagnosis is 47 years. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment and has been possible in 22 cases. The incidence of malignant behavior with metastasis in reported cases of laryngeal paraganglioma is 17%, which commonly have a characteristic symptom of severe spasmodic laryngeal pain which may be induced by swallowing.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementasi Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara di SMP Negeri 1 Bitung

The focus of this research is the Implementation of the Ki Hajar Dewantara Education Concept at SMP Negeri 1 Bitung. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in qualitative research are observation, interviews, and documentation. The conclusion of the study is, first: in the Application of the Ki Hajar Dewantara Education Concept at SMP Negeri 1 Bitung. The implementation itself has begun to be implemented and the application includes three environments, namely, the family environment, the school environment, and the community environment. Second: what are the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the Ki Hajar Dewantara Education Concept, namely the support of teachers in building enthusiasm and intentions for students, then there is support from parents and the environment in developing their talents and potential. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors themselves lack the creativity of subject teachers when studying online, inadequate study hours, and lack of intense communication between teachers and students. And then the third: efforts in improving the Ki Hajar Dewantara Education Concept at SMP Negeri 1 Bitung, namely, subject teachers make creative and innovative activity plans by considering all aspects as well as possible. Then the teacher reflects and evaluates at the end of the class hour to achieve the learning objectives.

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Radiation of sound induced by laser beams incident on water surfaces: A tutorial survey of the world literature

One of several topics associated with laser-induced sound that has received great interest in recent years is the generation of underwater sound by a laser above a water surface. Although preceded by many noteworthy contributions (dating back to nineteenth century papers by Alexander Graham Bell on the “photophone”), the first experiments explicitly exhibiting the effect were reported in JETP Letters in 1971 by F. V. Bunkin and his colleagues at the P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute. Since that time approximately 100 papers have appeared on the subject; extensive contributions have been made by V. M. Komissarov, A. I. Bozhkov, O. V. Rudenko, K. A. Naugol'nykh, L. M. Lyamshev, S. G. Kasoev, L. V. Sedov, A. M. Prokhorov, S. V. Egerev, Al. A. Kolomenskii, A. A. Karabutov, and many others. Several reviews have been recently published by Lyamshev, Sedov, and Naugol'nykh. In addition to calling attention to this research on a new and exciting area of acoustics, the present paper is offered with the hope that an independent overview may be helpful to those desiring a greater familiarity with the subject. [Work supported by ONR, Code 425-UA.]

Topic: Underwater Acoustics Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Usher syndrome type 1-associated gene, <i>pcdh15b</i>, is required for photoreceptor structural integrity in zebrafish

ABSTRACT Blindness associated with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) is typically characterized as rod photoreceptor degeneration, followed by secondary loss of cones. The mechanisms leading to blindness are unknown because most genetic mouse models only recapitulate auditory defects. We generated zebrafish mutants for one of the USH1 genes, protocadherin-15b (pcdh15b), a putative cell adhesion molecule. Zebrafish Pcdh15 is expressed exclusively in photoreceptors within calyceal processes (CPs), at the base of the outer segment (OS) and within the synapse. In our mutants, rod and cone photoreceptor integrity is compromised, with early and progressively worsening abnormal OS disc growth and detachment, in part due to weakening CP contacts. These effects were attenuated or exacerbated by growth in dark and bright-light conditions, respectively. We also describe novel evidence for structural defects in synapses of pcdh15b mutant photoreceptors. Cell death does not accompany these defects at early stages, suggesting that photoreceptor structural defects, rather than overt cell loss, may underlie vision deficits. Thus, we present the first genetic animal model of a PCDH15-associated retinopathy that can be used to understand the aetiology of blindness in USH1. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Examination of the Linear Pitch Model

中枢の音高処理が線形変換で表わされる音高知覚モデルは, 扱い易く, 定性的な面で多くの音高知覚現象を説明しているが, 定量的な面からの検討が充分なされていない. 本論文では, 定量的な音高実験データと線形変換を用いた音高知覚モデルの予測値とを比較することにより, この種のモデルの有効性について検討を加える. 末梢の変換も線形変換からなる音高モデルでは, 非調和性複合音による音高シフト現象を定量的に予測することはできない. 末梢の変換に結合音を生み出すような非線形性を持たせると, モデルの予測値は実験値と良い一致を示すようになる. 線形モデルの予測音高パターンは, 音高マッチングヒストグラムの実験データに見られるような多モード性の予測に乏しい. この点, Goldsteinのモデルに代表されるような非線形モデルの方がすぐれている. したがって, 音高知覚のモデルとしては, 末梢の変換も中枢の変換も非線形なものが適当であると思われる.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Montage, My Fine Care’: Realism, Surrealism and Postmodernism after Bazin

The title of this chapter takes its cue from one of Jean-Luc Godard’s well-known articles, published in <italic>Cahiers du cinéma</italic> in 1956, which engaged with Bazin’s conception of cinematic realism in an attempt to effect a generational break with the past by proposing a revised understanding of <italic>montage</italic>, not simply as an integral part of <italic>mise-en-scène</italic>, but as a form of deliberate authorial statement and, in that sense, as a practical extension of the New Wave ideology or <italic>politique des auteurs</italic>. In highlighting Bazin’s formative influence on the New Wave directors (in particular, his relationship to Truffaut and Godard), this chapter also focuses on the revived interest in early avant-garde experimentation (as evidenced, for instance, by Godard’s use of silent era shot transitions, image/sound disjunction and quotations from Surrealist poets in <italic>A bout de souffle</italic>), as well as the emergence of postmodern strategies and notions of rhythm, movement and time in French cinema (again present in the early work of Jean-Luc Godard), which prefigured Deleuze’s re-appraisal of montage as part of his theory of the movement-image and the time-image.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
An Instrument for Simultaneous Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Microsamples of Biological Material

Abstract An integrating microflamephotometer for simultaneous analysis of Na and K is described. The instrument has a sensitivity of 1 × 10 ‐3 moles of Na and K and is particularly suitable for determination of these ions in nanoliter samples of biological fluids or individuals cells.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Subfield: Bioengineering
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Differences in journalism culture or is there more to it? Comparing news on the European refugee issue in Western Europe and China

This study explores the country-specific, regional and cultural differences and similarities between China and two European countries in their coverage of the European refugee issue and seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the various political interests, social values, and journalism cultures in the countries under study. It analyzed and compared 2,368 news articles in Belgian, Swedish, and Chinese newspapers from 2015 to 2017. The analysis demonstrated that Chinese newspapers put less emphasis on welcoming the refugees by politicians and citizens, but are more prone to report on Islamic religion in their coverage of the refugees than the Belgian and Swedish newspapers. The empirical evidence suggests that the differences in reporting are not only a representation of different political interests and social engagement of the three countries, but, to a large extent, a result of different journalism cultures across nations.

Topic: Asian Culture and Media Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bipendensin, an Unusual Phenolic Acetal from<i>Afzelia bipendensis</i><sup>1</sup>

Bipendensin (1), an unusual phenolic acetal, has been isolated from the sapwood of &lt;i&gt;Afzelia bipendensis&lt;/i&gt;.

Topic: Biological Stains and Phytochemicals
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Innovative Immunotoxin Design Against Allergy Based on the IL-33 Cytokine and the Ribotoxin α-Sarcin

Allergies constitute one of the major health problems worldwide, increasing their prevalence in developed countries. To overcome this multifactorial disease, immunotherapy and the use of immune molecules, such as immunotoxins, have arisen as promising therapeutic tools. We have designed, produced, and characterized a new immunotoxin called IL-33αS, encompassing the murine IL-33 (mIL-33) as the target domain and the ribotoxin α-sarcin as the toxic domain. IL-33 is a widely described alarmin that binds to the ST2 receptor of a variety of immune cells, including ILC2s, leading to Th2-derived inflammatory response, as occurs in allergic reactions. Both IL-33αS and mIL-33 were successfully produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and purified to homogeneity through affinity chromatography for their characterization. Both IL-33αS and mIL-33 were able to specifically bind to ST2+ Raw 264.7 cells, and IL-33αS kept the ribonucleolytic activity of α-sarcin, allowing IL-33αS to exhibit cytotoxic effects against ST2+-targeted cells. In addition, IL-33αS induced significantly less secretion of the Th2-linked cytokine IL-13 in comparison to mIL-33, suggesting steric interference produced by the presence of the α-sarcin. These results assess the potential therapeutic effect of this new immunotoxin against allergies, causing ST2-targeted cytotoxicity while avoiding the Th2 cytokine secretion.

Topic: IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of predictive models for personalized drug dosing in pediatrics

The safe and effective use of medications in pediatric populations presents unique challenges due to the physiological differences between children and adults. Standardized dosing regimens often fail to account for the variability in drug metabolism, distribution, and elimination in children. Personalized drug dosing, based on individual patient characteristics, is increasingly recognized as an essential strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models has gained significant attention in recent years as potential solutions for developing predictive models for personalized drug dosing in pediatrics. By utilizing Big Data from electronic health records (EHRs), genetic data, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, these models aim to optimize drug dosage based on a child’s unique clinical and genetic profile. This review explores the development, challenges, and current applications of predictive models for personalized pediatric drug dosing, highlighting the role of AI, ML, and Big Data in advancing this field. We also discuss the future potential of these technologies in enhancing pediatric pharmacotherapy and improving patient safety.

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
cAMP facilitates EDHF-type relaxations in conduit arteries by enhancing electrotonic conduction via gap junctions

We have investigated the role of cAMP in NO- and prostanoid-independent relaxations that are widely attributed to an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Under control conditions EDHF-type relaxations evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in rabbit iliac arteries were transient, but in the presence of the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) or the cell permeant cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP, relaxations became sustained with their maxima potentiated ≈2-fold. Relaxation was associated with transient ≈1.5-fold elevations in smooth muscle cAMP levels with both mechanical and nucleotide responses being abolished by interrupting gap junctional communication with the connexin-mimetic peptide Gap 27 and by endothelial denudation. However, IBMX induced a sustained endothelium-independent ≈2-fold rise in cAMP levels, which was not further amplified by ACh, suggesting that the contribution of cAMP to the EDHF phenomenon is permissive. After selective loading of the endothelium with calcein AM, direct transfer of dye from the endothelium to the media was enhanced by IBMX or 8-bromo-cAMP, but not by 8-bromo-cGMP, whereas Gap 27 promoted sequestration within the intima. ACh-induced hyperpolarizations of subintimal smooth muscle in arterial strips with intact endothelium were abolished by Gap 27 and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine but were unaffected by IBMX. By contrast, in strips partially denuded of endothelium, IBMX enhanced the transmission of hyperpolarization from the endothelium to remote smooth muscle cells. These findings support the hypothesis that endothelial hyperpolarization underpins the EDHF phenomenon, with cAMP governing subsequent electrotonic signaling via both myoendothelial and homocellular smooth muscle gap junctions.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on Chinese Network Catchwords in 2018 From the Perspective of Memetics

With the advancement of information technology and in the current development of the network society, the emerging network language, driven by strong language memes, continually derives and spreads.Based on memetics, the paper analyzes the memes phenomenon of Chinese network catchwords in 2018 and that it can be categorized into three forms.And it further explores the reasons for the popularity of network catchwords: simplicity, vividness, and defamiliarization.

Topic: Digital Communication and Language
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences