jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Functional state of the nigrostriatal system of Krushinsky – Molodkina rats during audiogenic seizure expression

Neurochemical mechanisms of initiation and expression of epileptic seizures are poorly explored, and there are no published data that could demonstrate the functional state of the neuromediator systems at the initial state of seizure in the animals genetically prone to seizure. In the current work, we studied the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the regulation of the nigrostriatal glutamate, GABA and dopamine neurons of Krushinsky – Molodkina rats at clonus-tonus and ataxia stages of audiogenic seizure. We demonstrated upregulation of ERK1/2 activity upon audio stimulation which was accompanied by increased activation of Synapsin I in the striatum and substantia nigra in comparison to intact Krushinsky – Molodkina rats. The observed exocytosis activation led to secretion of glutamate in the striatum and, as a result, to stimulation of seizures. However, at clonus-tonus stage in the striatum we revealed the changes that could participate in further inhibition of seizure activity, such as increased phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase upon increased ERK1/2 activity followed by activation of dopamine release in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. At the same time, enhanced D2 and increased D1 dopamine receptor contents were observed. These data revealed attenuation of direct (pro-seizure) and indirect (anti-seizure) pathways of the regulation of the substantia nigra GABA neurons. We demonstrated activation of GABA in the substantia nigra pars reticulate, which probably results in the inhibition of glutamate neurons of the thalamus and could be one of the mechanisms inhibiting seizure activity during ataxia.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Transformation of Grouped or Censored Data to Near Normality.

Abstract : Box and Cox (1964) an analysis of transformations proposed a power transformation which has proven utility for tranforming ungrouped data to near normality. In this paper, we extend its applicability to two frequently encountered situations: (i) grouped data and (ii) Type I censored data. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived and illustrative examples are presented.

Topic: Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling Image Processing Tasks As Flexible Workflows for Improved Quality of Service

Processing of nontrivial images is a difficult task performed throughout a set of ordered steps. Besides the basic functionality that a process must satisfy, quality of service goals are to be met. Images should be processed within a certain time and a certain quality should be attained. To manage image-processing tasks in the optimal way, the process goals must be defined explicitly and their fulfillment has be controlled. Modeling image-processing tasks with workflows would enable control of the fulfillment of goals. In addition, by introducing flexible semantics in the workflow, the process could be executed along optimal execution alternatives. In this paper, we propose an approach to model the class of image processing tasks with workflows that would, based on the extended semantics, allow for flexibility in the process execution toward optimal goals fulfillment.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dissemination and Cultural Change as an Alternative Business Value Proposition in the Construction Industry: Manni Group Case Study

There is a gap of knowledge between practitioners about the off-site construction. For this reason, the Manni Group case study presented in this article highlights the positive role of dissemination as business value proposition support in the context of off-site construction industry. The Manni Group involved opinion leaders, professionals, universities and industrial partners in a network of dissemination that, going beyond the concept of advertising, it generated a multiple effect of value creation between the direct and indirect involved stakeholders. Dissemination emerges as a model of action that creates impacts on cultural change. It is scalable and applicable in many areas where actors have the right competences to manage the dissemination. Wherever there is a knowledge gap or friction towards new techniques and methodologies, the model is able to create value for companies and stakeholders involved in the emerging network.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Contraction

In the decades on either side of 1800, the geopolitical weakness of the Dutch Republic was exposed, resulting in its collapse at home and significant contraction of its empire. This long and at times revolutionary intermezzo led to the dissolution of the WIC the loss of the Dutch broker function, and – imposed by Britain – the abolition of the slave trade. Antislavery thought had been conspicuously weak in the Republic since the early days of colonization, and virtually absent in its colonies, and publications on the Dutch colonies served to initiate its European readership in the ways money could be and was being made there. At the end of the Napoleonic period, Britain did not return the Guiana colonies it had occupied (Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo), completing a de facto takeover that had begun in the second half of the eighteenth century by British planters and merchants.

Topic: Colonialism, slavery, and trade
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Survival and Prevalence of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Beef Cattle Preharvest and in the Environment

Cattle are primary reservoirs of shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and are considered “super-shedders ” if they shed more than 104 CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7. In addition to E. coli O157:H7, six non-O157 STEC serogroups “big six ” were added to the zero-tolerance adulterant list in June 2012. Limited information is available on the prevalence of non-O157 serogroups in beef cattle, especially during the pre-harvest stages. Alabama has a large number of cow/calf operations. Most calves are birthed, weaned, and shipped from Alabama to commercial feedlots in the Midwest. Thus, the first purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-O157 STEC among the beef cattle in Alabama. This was accomplished by acquiring fecal samples from cattle at 6 different Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station research centers and testing them for STEC. The second purpose was to identify shedding level changes in calves before and after weaning. For this study, 110 fecal samples were taken from calves located at E.V. Smith research center, both before and after weaning. These samples were tested for the presence of STEC. The third purpose was to isolate and serotype the STEC strains from “super-shedder ” calves. The same E.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanomics Biomarker for Cancer Cells Unidentifiable through Morphology and Elastic Modulus

Cellular mechanical properties are potential cancer biomarkers used for objective cytology to replace the current subjective method relying on cytomorphology. However, heterogeneity among intra/intercellular mechanics and the interplay between cytoskeletal prestress and elastic modulus obscured the difference detectable between malignant and benign cells. In this work, we collected high density nanoscale prestress and elastic modulus data from a single cell by AFM indentation to generate a cellular mechanome. Such high dimensional mechanome data was used to train a malignancy classifier through machine learning. The classifier was tested on 340 single cells of various origins, malignancy, and degrees of similarity in morphology and elastic modulus. The classifier showed instrument-independent robustness and classification accuracy of 89% with an AUC-ROC value of 93%. A signal-to-noise ratio 8 times that of the human-cytologist-based morphological method was also demonstrated, in differentiating precancerous hyperplasia cells from normal cells derived from the same lung cancer patient.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Correlation of biological behaviors with mdm-2 and p53 gene changes in primary gastric cancer and metastasis

Objective： The current study was designed to reveal the correlation of alterations of oncogene mdm- 2 and tumor suppressor gene p53 with biological behaviors of gastric cancer（ GC） and metastasis. Methods： The amplification of mdm- 2 and the point mutation of p53 in 32 specimens from patients with GC were detected by using DC- PCR, PCR- SSCP and DNA sequencing technique. Results： The frequency of mdm- 2 gene amplification was higher in metastasis lymphnodus (57.1％ ) than that in primary carcinoma foci(37.5％ ). The mdm- 2 amplification was detected in 3 specimens of lymph micro- metastasis foci. Both mdm- 2 amplification and p53 mutation appeared in primary carcinoma foci or metastasis lymphnodus of 7 case of GC. There were some differences of the location and mode of p53 point mutation in the primary carcinoma and liver metastasis foci. Conclusion： The amplification of mdm- 2 gene is correlated well with high potential lymph metastasis of the GC cells. Both p53 mutation and mdm- 2 amplification may occur in the intestinal tape GC. There is the heterogenity of p53 point mutation of the cancer cells in the stomach primary carcinoma and metastasis foci.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of vancomycin time-kill studies with Staphylococcus species by using a curve stripping program to describe the relationship between concentration and pharmacodynamic response

Mono- and biexponential killing curves for vancomycin over a 2- to 50-micrograms/ml concentration range were generated for 11 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 12 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in the logarithmic phase of growth. Nonlinear least-squares regression of the initial growth rate and disappearance were not significantly different for lower or higher concentrations of vancomycin in broth.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endovascular treatment of endotension with dacron stent graft reinforcement and femorofemoral crossover bypass: therapeutic challenge

Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-26T16:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nart_JOVILIANO_Endovascular_treatment_of_endotension_with_dacron_stent_2010.pdf: 892680 bytes, checksum: c3bed54ba6b334b684b96a12a687ae56 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2010

Topic: Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation of Milk Fat. III. Properties of Butteroils Prepared by the Use of Surface Active Agents

The efficiency of certain simple organic compounds and of more complex surface-active agents in the preparation of butteroil by de-emulsification of cream has been reported previously (4,6,7).However, the utility of such butteroil for either laboratory experimentation or commercial usage would depend upon the extent to which it resembled butteroil obtained by more conventional methods, such as the melting and refining of butter.To clarify this point, some physical and chemical constants of butteroils prepared by de-emulsification of cream were determined and compared with those of butteroil from butter. EXPERIMENTALThe same lot of fresh raw 40-per cent cream was used as the fat source for all samples of butteroil.The oil employed as a control was secured by churning a portion of the cream in a glass-walled Dazey churn at a temperature of 13-15 ° C. Additional samples were prepared by de-emulsification of cream with surfaceactive agents according to methods previously described (4, 7).The agents chosen for this purpose were Tergitol 7, Tergitol P 28, Aerosol OT, and the butylamine --butyl alcohol reagent proposed by Patton (4).Tergitols 7 and P 28 were used in their liquid commercial form at levels of 3 and 6 per cent, respectively, based on the weight of the cream.Aerosol OT was made to a concentration of 30 per cent by weight in butyl carbitol and this solution was then employed at a level of 3 per cent.The butylamine --butyl alcohol reagent was prepared and used as previously suggested (4).Prior to analysis, all the butteroils were washed five times with equal volumes of hot (95 ° C.) water and were dried while hot for 2 hours at a pressure of 15 to 20 mm.Hg.The sample prepared with the butylamine --butyl alcohol reagent was washed preliminarily With 1 per cent HC1, which procedure was observed to facilitate greatly the removal of any amine dissolved in the fat.The butteroils were subjected to the following analyses and, unless otherwise stated, these determinations were carried out according to official methods of "~he A.O.A.C. (1): saponification number; unsaponifiable matter, by the procedure described by Winton (8); Reichert --Mcissl number; Polenske number; free= fatty-acid number, calculated as the milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g. of butteroil; iodine number, by the procedure of

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Difference Between Two Mothers in 1950s American Drama: A Religious God and a False God

Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun and Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night both present very different versions of motherhood. However, despite the profound difference in the types of mothers portrayed, both plays reveal the a remarkably similar correlation between motherhood and religion.

Topic: Cultural Studies and Interdisciplinary Research
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hepatic lipidosis: Liver characteristics and acute phase proteins in affected turkeys

Abstract The hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys is a disease has been known for a long time, but the cause and pathogenesis is still not clarified. A recent study reported unexplained high levels of iron in liver tissue of fattening turkeys suffering from HL. In this study, the iron status, possible infectious or inflammatory influences in form of an acute phase reaction and the analysis of fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of turkeys affected by HL were examined. Three cases of HL on three different fattening turkey farms were investigated during the outbreak of the disease. Clinically affected and non‐affected animals were subjected to a pathological examination, where the diagnosis HL or non‐affected was made. In total, 70 birds were examined (40 with HL, 30 without HL) and blood and liver samples were taken. Additionally, samples from 15 slaughtered birds were taken as a further control group. In liver tissue, the iron content and the content of long‐chain fatty acids were determined; in blood samples, ferritin and transferrin were measured. The iron content in liver tissue was more than three times higher for animals with HL than among non‐affected animals and the control group. The transferrin levels were lowest for animals with HL, highest in the control group and in between for non‐affected animals. The fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of affected animals indicated a shift from polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control group and the non‐affected animals. Overall, the non‐affected animals of a flock affected by HL were similar to the healthy animals of the abattoir. The low acute phase protein levels for animals with HL together with high iron contents could indicate a previous malnutrition/starvation period and/or severe liver damage for those animals suffering from HL.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS. INFORMATION OVERVIEW

Introduction and aim of the study: The main purpose of this article is to show the impact of eating disorders on the level of physical activity and the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. The development of anorexia- or bulimia-type disorders leads to prospective negative outcomes in physical performance and long-term cardiological issues and leads to decrease of quality of life.. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the causes and intervene quickly to prevent severe side effects. This article reviews issues about: physical and mental health risks in individuals with eating disorders, cardiovascular complications and quality of life among the patients with eating disorders. Materials and methods: This article was based on literature gathered from various databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, ClinicalTrails, Cochrane database. The keywords anorexia nervosa, eating disorders, risk factors and cardiological complications were the basis of the review. Results: Eating disorders represent a significant public health issue and require an interdisciplinary approach. These disorders develop insidiously, pose a therapeutic challenge, and leave long-lasting side effects including cardiovascular complications. Anorexia nervosa is associated with numerous cardiovascular complications, some of which can be life-threatening. Most of these abnormalities tend to resolve once a healthy body weight is restored. Therefore, treatment should primarily focus on addressing the underlying eating disorder, with symptomatic management provided as needed.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
In-line material analysis of 50nm defects by integration of Energy (EDX) and Wavelength (WDX) Dispersive X-ray analysis

The rapid adoption of new materials at advanced semiconductor technology nodes enhances the need for an in-line comprehensive elemental analysis of extremely small defects. Sub-100 nm particles analysis as well as accurate identification of chemical elements with overlapping characteristic spectral lines represent the most challenging material analysis problems for a standard Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. A comprehensive solution for addressing all in-line material analysis requirements was developed using an integrated and improved EDX and Wavelength Dispersive X-ray (WDX) approach. The integrated system is designed to utilize the advantages of each component so that both analysis accuracy and throughput are optimized. In this paper, the capabilities and limitations of each analysis technology will be discussed as well as the performance of the combination of advanced EDX and WDX systems.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Potato Production under Drought Conditions: Identification of Adaptive Traits

Globally, potato is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat in terms of consumption. It is fast maturing, versatile in use and grows in a wide range of environments from sea level up to about 4700 metres above sea level and from Southern Chile to Greenland. Currently, potato production is rapidly expanding beyond the traditional high potential areas. This is mostly due to expanding world population accompanied by increasing food demand. However, potato is relatively susceptible to yield loss due to drought. Unfortunately, the extent, frequency and severity of drought occurrences have been increasing globally due to climate change. In order to feed the ever-increasing global population, increasing drought tolerance or resistance in potato through breeding is essential. For this to be successful, plant traits associated with drought tolerance or resistance need to be accurately identified and selected. Previously, water use efficiency (WUE) was identified as the most promising trait for selecting drought tolerant potato clones. This review also looks at the effect of moisture stress on potato growth, development and production; plant emergence and tuberization were identified as two critical periods when water stress mostly affect final tuber yield. Possibilities of conventional breeding as well as marker assisted breeding to increase drought resistance or tolerance were explored.

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

About 70% of the nearly 60 million women who undergo Papanicolaou (Pap) testing each year in the United States will be told they have abnormal results. In the past, deciding who gets a colposcopy, when to repeat the Pap test, and which patients should be treated has been both confusing and controversial. The publication of two sets of guidelines from the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) has greatly clarified these issues. These new evidence-supported consensus-based guidelines provide algorithms for managing cervical cytological abnormalities and histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). They were developed out of a consensus workshop convened by ASCCP in 2001 and subsequently published in JAMA and the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. These new guidelines were preceded by revisions to the Bethesda System of nomenclature for cervical cytology. This updated terminology, as well as advances in the understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a cervical cancer precursor and the increased use of advanced technologies like liquid-based cervical cytology and HPV-DNA typing, were key in developing these guidelines.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Improvement of catalytic capability of Paecilomyces thermophila J18 thermostable beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase under acidic condition by directed evolution].

Directed evolution was used to improve the performance of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (designated as PtLicl6A) from Paecilomyces thermophila J18 under acidic condition. A mutant library was constructed by error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, and positive clones were screened by Congo red staining. More than 1 500 mutants were selected. One mutant (PtLic16AM1) exhibited an optimal activity at pH 5.5, while the optimal pH of the wild-type enzyme was 7.0. The mutant PtLic16AM1 kept the high specific activity and thermotolerence of the wild-type enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant enzyme has four sense substitutions which caused four amino acid substitutions - namely T58S, Y110N, G195E and D221G.. Homology modeling showed that among the four amino acid substitutions, Y110N was near the active site of the enzyme, while the other three was distant. T58S and G195E may play key roles in the change of optimal pH. This study provided a new perspective of obtaining applicable 3-1,3-1,4-glucanase for industrial use.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences