jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF ARISING OF BOUNDARY A LAYER IN A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE FOURTH ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Mathematical model of boundary layer arise is reduced to the problems for differential equation with coefficient at the higher order derivative contains a small parameter. Investigation of such problems is reduced to the fact that some equations of the obtained system of the first order, contains a small parameter in the coefficient of the derivative. The other equations of this system have no such property. In some cases the trajectories velocity is ordinary, in some trajectories it is instantaneous. In this paper the given non-local conditions of the problem are localized by means of necessary conditions obtained while investigating the same problem and the process of arising or (not arising) of boundary layer is researched by the ordinary way.

Topic: Differential Equations and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reduced Inhibitory Capacity in Prefrontal Cortex of Schizophrenics

Understanding the neural substrates of schizophrenia has long been a goal of psychiatrists and neurobiologists. For the clinician, more precise understanding could translate into advances in diagnosis and treatment. For the neurobiologist, such knowledge could provide general insights into the mechanisms of higher cognitive function. Much recent work has focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), which roughly corresponds to Brodmann's area 9. While changes in other brain regions have been reported,<sup>1,2</sup>a growing body of converging evidence suggests that disruptions of the DLPFC play a particularly important role in the origins and course of the illness. Positron emission tomography studies,<sup>3</sup>regional cerebral blood flow studies in patients performing the Wisconsin Card Sort,<sup>4</sup>and cytoarchitectonic studies<sup>1</sup>have revealed abnormalities in the DLPFC. These studies suggest that in schizophrenics, the DLPFC is hypoactive relative to other brain regions.

Topic: Schizophrenia research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intelligent Stock Trading Strategy Based on Aroon Indicator

The study of stock trading signal forecasting has piqued the interest of machine learning and technical analysis specialists. One of the popular tools for anticipating buy and sell signals is the Aroon indicator, but it is not utilized by machine learning researchers to predict stock trading signals. This study proposed an intelligent stock trading strategy based on the association between Aroon indicators. The performance of the proposed stock trading strategy was compared to that of a classical Aroon indicator based trading strategy in terms of annual rate of return (ARR), Sharpe ratio (SR), and percentage of gain/loss trades. In terms of all three measures, it was discovered that the intelligent trading strategy outperformed the classical trading method. The intelligent trading method generated 3.91% to 40.07% greater ARR than the classical strategy, and it did so with a positive SR for all 10 stocks studied. In addition, the intelligent approach executed a higher percentage of profitable transactions than the traditional strategy. Thus, it was established that the proposed intelligent trading method is a better and safer trading technique than the classical strategy.

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Histopathological Analysis of Ovarian Tissue Biopsy Samples: A 3 Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Ovarian neoplasms represent a diverse spectrum of tumours with distinct histopathological features that vary across different age groups. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the histopathological patterns of ovarian neoplasms across various age cohorts within a tertiary care centre. Material and Methods: This was a hospital-based, single-centre, retrospective, cohort, observational study conducted over a period of 12 months by reviewing the records of 315 histological samples sent to the laboratory in the last three years. Primary outcome was the histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen. Age-specific subgroups were defined, and the prevalence and distribution of different histopathological types were assessed within each subgroup. Results: Most of the population (39.4%) falls within the age range of 21 to 50 years, with a mean age of 39 years. The majority of individuals (64.1%) are in their menstruating years, while a significant portion (29.2%) has reached menopause. The median duration of symptoms is 6 months. Abdominal swelling and pain are the most common presenting symptoms (28.3%). The benign ovarian neoplasms accounted for the majority of cases (70%), while borderline and malignant neoplasms represented 10% and 20%, respectively. Most common type of cancer was serous (16.5%) followed by seromucinous (13.1%), and mucinous (11.5%). Most types of benign and malignant tumours showed clear age distribution pattern. Conclusion: Benign ovarian growths were more prevalent than malignant ones in every age category. Surface epithelial growths stood out as the prevailing histopathological kind of ovarian tumor. Patients tend to seek medical attention late due to nonspecific symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to establish techniques for detecting ovarian growths early. The proportions of various ovarian growths differ by region, underscoring the necessity to pinpoint risk factors specific to each region.

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD Halpha #52312.1

Toroidal visible array to measure toroidal distribution of H-alpha and He-I, ratio of helium to hydrogen: H/(H+He) or D/(D+He), and particle recycling and edge tau_p. H-alpha and He-I line emissions are detected by photomultipliers passing through an interference filter. H/D influx ratio can be also minitored by resolving H-alpha and D-alpha line profiles.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quelque chose … de remarquable in English-French acquisition: mandatory, informationally encapsulated computations in second language interpretation

We discuss the results of an experiment that investigates English-French learners’ interpretation of quantifiers with detachable restrictions. Such quantifiers are ungrammatical in English. We investigate aspects of interpretation that rely on a highly idiosyncratic interface between grammar and general principles of conversational cooperation in native French. We show that a learning-theoretic challenge of the most severe kind arises in English-French acquisition unless second language acquisition is constrained by very specific relations between syntactic, semantic and pragmatic modules. We therefore argue that the emergence of knowledge of interpretation in English-French interlanguage suggests mandatory, informationally encapsulated computations. This supports Schwartz’s (1986; 1987; 1999) contention that inter-language knowledge is constrained by a mental organization in which Universal Grammar provides the contents of a largely universal processor devoted to language.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ethno-Cultural Diversity: A Challenging Parameter for ASEAN Regional Integration

It can be assumed that ethno-cultural diversity presents a challenge to achieving a full-fledged regional community.It has a profound influence upon internal political security and stability which provokes a far-reaching effect upon governments' policy orientation, and in part determining whether the process of regional integration turns into a stable progress or slides toward tension and conflict.Even if economic-led approaches are being implemented with the aim of bolstering the integration process, divergent identities based on ethno-cultural diversities are an acute challenge for both governments' strategic-oriented policies and actions.This article thus sheds light on these issues by capturing the case of the Southeast Asian region in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Community, and argues that not only do such diversities shape the political practices of member states, but that as a consequence, interrupt the process of economic-led approaches to regional integration.

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The bang-bang production of depletable natural resources

This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal production path for a depletable natural resource. The classical result of Hotelling is that when the market is in equilibrium, the net price paid to the owner of the resource must increase with the interest rate. Three problems are considered: the basic problem, the general problem, and the social optimum problem. For the basic problem, the market is not in equilibrium and the classical solution does not determine the production rate. For the general problem and the social optimum problem, the classical solution does work and we have extended the classical solution to the case of increasing extraction costs. For the basic problem, we have used the Pontryagin Maximum Principle to find a bang-bang solution for the production rate. The classical solution determines the switch points; the times to stop or start production. For all three problems, we have found a differential equation that determines the rent that a resource owner should charge to maximize his profits. The magnitude of the rent depends on its initial value. The proper initial value depends on the total resource and the level of demand. For the general problem with a logit demand function, the classical solution results in a bang-bang production schedule. Thus, we have found two cases where the optimal production path for depletable natural resources is bang-bang.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Pressure and temperature conditions for methane hydrate dissociation in sodium chloride solutions.

The pressure and temperature conditions were experimentally determined for methane hydrate dissociation in sodium chloride solutions, and an empirical equation of the conditions was obtained in the pressure range up to 18 MPa. The present results indicate that the maximum depth of oceanic sediments where methane hydrate is stable increases as water depth to seafloor increases, and that the maximum depth in saline water is smaller than that in pure water. The difference in the depth between saline and pure waters increases with decreasing the water depth, indicating that salinity of pore water affects significantly the amount of methane hydrate in oceanic sediments, in particular, beneath seafloor at relatively shallow depths.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
pH Dependence of Cyanogen Potentials of Local Wines (Buruku and Pito) Using Cyanomethemoglobin Complex

The cyanogen potentials of local wines (burukutu, pito,) and the effect of pH (5.6-9.0) on the samples was determined using cyanomethemoglobin complex method. A total of 108 test samples were analyzed and the hydrogen cyanide content was found to vary considerably from 0.0313±0.0052 mg/L to 0.2444±0.0010 mg/L. pito was found to have the highest cyanogen potential with mean concentration of 0.2444±0.0010 mg/L at pH of 8.4 and burukutu found to have the lowest cyanogen potential with mean concentration of 0.0313±0.0052 mg/L at pH of 8.2. The highest mean concentration of cyanogen potential found in this study (0.2444±0.0010 mg/L) is lower than the recommended WHO and ISO standard (10mg/kg; 0.5-3.5 mg/kg body weight) and thus the samples may be consumed without the risk of cyanide poisoning.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ear Differences and Implied Cerebral Lateralization on Some Intellective Auditory Factors

A battery of auditory tests was given under the conditions of monaural and binaural presentation. The results indicated that both primary and second-order factors were similar to those found earlier with the same tests. The hierarchical solu tion also indicated that most of the differences be tween the conditions of presentation occurred at the lowest order of factoring. Differences between the means showed the same trends as those reported in the literature on hemispheric specialization. Ob tained first-order factors were interpreted as Tonal Memory, Speech Perception Under Distraction/Dis tortion, and Maintaining and Judging Rhythm, all representing a measure of General Auditory Func tion. In addition, a broad first-order factor of Fluid Intelligence was identified along with Temporal Tracking, representing an interesting new com ponent. Although General Auditory Function is a broad perceptual factor akin to General Visualiza tion, it differs from the latter in an important way. It is suggested that competition between the audi tory messages may be typical of General Auditory Function but that the hemispheric localization is not.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Sloughing of Unconsolidated Sand

The sloughing of unconsolidated river sand (porosity about 50%, permeability 45 darcys) was measured with several kinds of liquids. These were water, CMC solutions, bentonite dispersions and bentonite-CMC dispersions.The results obtained were as follows:1. Water has a severe sloughing effect upon the unconsolidated sand.2. Bentonite dispersions of high concentration (8%) reduce the amount of sloughing considerably but are not completely effective. When CMC is added to this dispersion, it becomes completely effective but is not economical.3. CMC solutions are fairly effective in preventing sloughing but the effectiveness varies with type of the CMC.4. When the most effective type of CMC is used, the concentration to prevent sloughing is comparatively high (0.1-0.5%), so that these CMC solutions are not economical.5. Bentonite dispersions of low concentration (2%) plus CMC (0.07%) are both effective in preventing the sloughing and are economical.6. Sands those were previously wet have a stronger tendency to slough than do dry sands.7. Sands which contain dispersed clay have a weaker tendency to slough than do sands not containing clay.

Topic: Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Study between Pressure Controlled Ventilation and Volume Controlled Ventilation and Their Effects on Respiratory Mechanics for Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients in Prone Position

Background: Prone position is one of the challenging and widely used surgical positions with high rates of complications.The applied position and selected ventilation parameters during the operation are known to influence the pulmonary mechanics.Objective: This study was conducted to compare two modes of ventilation; volume controlled and pressurecontrolled ventilation and their effect on improvement of respiratory dynamics.Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included a total of 60 patients who had posterior lumbar spine surgery in prone position, attending at Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical ICU, Aswan University Hospital, Egypt.This study was conducted between June 1, 2017 to December 13, 2018.Patients were randomly divided between two groups, 30 patients each; Group (I): were received VCV mode and Group (II): were received PCV mode.Then study parameters were recorded intraoperative and postoperative in the two groups of ventilation modes.The study parameters which were recorded: Peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), Plateau pressure (Pplateau), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), ETCO2, Tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (RR).Results: As regarding Ppeak and Pplat, they were statistically significant lower in PCV group than VCV group at both supine and prone positions.As regarding Cdyn, it was statistically significant higher in PCV group than VCV group at both supine and prone positions.Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was significantly higher in PCV group intraoperative in prone position and postoperative.Conclusions: Compared with VCV, PCV is better regarding the respiratory dynamics including lower Ppeak and Pplat.It has also higher Cdyn and oxygenation.PCV it is more suitable for general anesthesia of posterior lumbar spine surgery patients in prone position.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Orientational Reaction as a Way of Adjusting to Space

In order to have a proper impression of a city, observer needs to move and participate in the city’s life. One of the most important functions of the image of our surroundings is to enable orientation and guidance of movement towards a certain goal. Urban structures that are reflected through disposition and appearance of streets, through a specific landscape arrangement, and ultimately through specific dimensioning and shaping of architecture, can often help to create a place that is easy to read. The increase in vividness of a space enables easier visual identification as well as orientation in space. That type of visual stimulation is expressed through orientation reaction, which stimulates easier adjustment of the subject to a certain space. Perception is defined as the level of sensitivity to visual stimuli in space, which are often connected to the level of interest of the subject. This research aims to identify the role of reference points in terms of the subject’s movement and orientation in the process of understanding both the unknown and the known surroundings.

Topic: Urban Green Space and Health
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S5 from &lt;i&gt;DROSHA&lt;/i&gt; Regulates Mesenchymal Gene Expression in Wilms Tumor

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Structure of DROSHA RNase IIIb metal-binding pocket.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Effect of 3-n-butylphthalide pretreatment on expression of the HSP70 after brain ischemia/reperfusion].

3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) prevents the neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulating the expression of HSP70.

Topic: Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Food of the Barn Owl <i>Tyto alba</i> in Southern Syria

Pellets regurgitated by the Barn Owl Tyto alba were collected from three differ- ent localities in southern Syria. Investigation of 184 complete pellets yielded 407 individ- ual prey. Prey items represented eight species of rodents, two shrews, at least two small birds, and at least three species of insects. As percentages, rodents constituted 85.5% of the prey items, small birds 6.9%, shrews 5.9% and insects 1.7%. By biomass, rodents con- stituted most of the Barn Owls' diet. Pellet content indicated that the Barn Owl consumes 1 to 7 prey individuals per day (2.23 ± 1.34) depending on availability and the size of prey species. The results prove that the Barn Owl is an important natural enemy of agricultural vertebrate pests in its hunting territory.

Topic: Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Increased BMI and late-life mobility dysfunction; overlap of genetic effects in brain regions

<title>Abstract</title> Background How obesity earlier in life impacts upon mobility dysfunctions in late life is not well understood. Pernicious effects of excess weight on the musculoskeletal system and mobility dysfunctions are well-recognized. However, increasingly more data support the link of obesity to overall motor defects that are regulated in the brain. Objectives To assess the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) at midlife and performance of the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) in late life among a population-based longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults living in Singapore. Methods We evaluated genetic predispositions for BMI in 8342 participants who were followed up from measurement of BMI at average 53 years, to TUG test (as a functional mobility measure) 20 years later. Results A robust 75.83% of genetically determined BMI effects on late life TUG scores was mediated through midlife BMI (<italic>P</italic><sub>indirect−effect</sub> = 9.24×10<sup>− 21</sup>). Utilizing Mendelian randomization, we demonstrated a causal effect between BMI and functional mobility in late life (β<sub>IVW</sub> = 0.180, <italic>P</italic><sub>IVW</sub> = 0.001). Secondary gene enrichment evaluations highlighted down-regulation of genes at BMI risk loci that were correlated with poorer functional mobility in the substantia nigra and amygdala regions as compared to all other tissues. These genes also exhibit differential expression patterns during human brain development. Conclusions We report a causal effect of obesity on mobility dysfunction. Our findings highlight potential neuronal dysfunctions in regulating predispositions on the causal pathway from obesity to mobility dysfunction.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences