jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Balcony Effect on Thermal Performance of the Building and Its Climate Assessment in Local Houses in Mazandaran Province

Utilization of natural ventilation in buildings has a long history. Architecture has been trying to response to weather conditions all the time. Wind catcher, mashrabiya, portico and iwan are some examples of climate designs in vernacular architecture which have shown the importance of natural ventilation since a long time ago. The efficiency scope of natural ventilation when used with other cooling techniques will be more widespread. Today, designing desirable buildings using natural ventilation requires knowing theoretical foundations and a detailed study based on new knowledge regarding the feasibility of the use of components design and equipment related to natural ventilation. The present research aims to offer architects some design solutions in order to take advantage of natural ventilation in buildings using the vernacular architecture. Through matching features of functional spaces in local houses with climatic characteristics of regions around the Caspian sea (Mazandaran province) and determining the pattern used in these spaces in housing areas, the present study seeks to answer this question: “Are types of local houses in regions with moderate and humid climate in Iran (Mazandaran) consistent with regional climate in terms of patterns applied in internal functional spaces? How do regional climate features affect physical form of houses?” The results show that there is a direct and consistent relationship between vernacular architectural features of Mazandaran province and climate classification and regional climate. It also enhances home comfort in summer and finally, it can be concluded that local houses are built based on the climate classification and environment context, and natural ventilation is the most important factor affecting the conditions which improve environmental comfort. The present research provides some guidelines for the architectural design of residential buildings in regions with moderate and humid climate with the aim of achieving maximum level of natural ventilation. Also, in order to exploit the potential of natural ventilation, the results of the research will help architect select optimal designing parameters in harmony with the regional climate.

Topic: Architecture and Cultural Influences
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A review of day service utilisaton in Ireland: final summary report.

Despite the fact that day care provision is an expanding area of activity within the Irish&#13;\nhospital system, the information currently available on utilisation levels is limited. In&#13;\nthis study, it is intended to address the issue of data coverage and utilisation at both&#13;\nthe national and the hospital level.&#13;\nThe definition of the day care service area is, In itself, problematic. In this report,&#13;\nsome background on approaches to definition will be reviewed, together with the&#13;\napplication of the definition currently used by the Department of Health. The Hospital&#13;\nInpatient Enquiry (HIPE) is the source used for the utilisation data, and the statistics&#13;\ncollected by the Planning Unit, Department of Health is the source of the information&#13;\non coverage. Data from both 1992 and 1993 will be reviewed and analysed. Moving&#13;\non from the initial review of definitional issues, the results of a series of analyses on&#13;\nutilisation and service provision are presented. Finally, a range of issues arising with&#13;\nregard to any revision of the definition of day care service provision will be considered.

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Ozone Application in Dental Unit Water Lines Contaminated with Pathogenic Acanthamoeba.

Prevalence rates for Acanthamoeba contamination were 100, 100 and 72% for air-water syringes, cup fillers and tap water, respectively. The morphological analysis revealed the presence of A. castellanii, A. griffin, A. hatchitti and A. lenticulata. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed the four strains to be closely related to a sequence type (T3, T4, T5 and T11). Acanthamoeba cells were stained with trypan blue, which revealed killed of Acanthamoeba instantaneously after 10 minutes in ozonized water. There was no growth of Acanthamoeba occurred after ozone treatment in water bottles for 5 minutes with a flow rate of 500 mg/hour. Conclusion : Ozone can play an important role in controlling the problem of contamination of DUWLs as a potent disinfectant.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preventative childhood vaccination to rabies

At least in theory, novel one-dose rabies vaccines may be cost-effective for preventative childhood immunization, which in turn should reduce the incidence of this disease. Further clinical testing of such vaccines with the goal to develop a low-cost vaccine that can be incorporated into childhood immunization programs for areas with a high incidence of rabies-related death should be strongly encouraged.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A DRAWING-AID SYSTEM BASED ON A FUZZY SCHEME

A drawing-aid system to support handicapped students with nerve paralysis is proposed in this paper. The proposed system compensates the students for the influence of involuntary motions of a hand in mouse operations. Different from the conventional method such as a moving average method, the proposed method alleviates the influence of involuntary motions of the hand by using the weight functions. Depending on the conditions of handicapped students, the shape of the weight function is determined auto- matically by using supervised learning based on a fuzzy scheme. Therefore, the proposed method can alleviate the influence of sudden movement of the hand without preliminary experiments though the conventional methods have difficulty in reducing it. The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed through computer simulations.

Topic: Hand Gesture Recognition Systems
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Sustainability on Retail Values, Rents, and Investment Performance: European Evidence

This paper is the first to focus on the effects of sustainability on the investment performance of a European retail portfolio comprising 128 properties in the Netherlands and extends the existing range of studies on the office and residential sectors in the United States. As the data sample is an existing fund portfolio, all attributes of the properties are known. Environmental sustainability is measured by the Dutch energy label, which compares with ENERGY STAR in the U.S. Through OLS regressions, we examine whether a sustainability premium exists. We find that green retail properties have a significantly higher income return of 0.52%, while, counterintuitively, non-green retail properties appear to have significantly higher rents and values. After controlling for various factors, however, the sustainability effects become insignificant. This contradicts some of the findings in the office and residential sectors. We attribute this to the importance of traditional retail location theory factors, which continue to dominate returns.

Topic: Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Travel service composition under temporal contraints

Web service can be a software, application or a document available over the internet, the ever-rising use of these services have built immense trust for the general public, thus resulting in the need to make better, smart and efficient web services that can help cater the needs of the online community. A high number of services are on offer for a specific task makes it very competitive for the service providers to have an edge. When users start to make online requests for services it can result in rather complex queries which might not be solved by a single service and then service composition comes to play. There can be several methods, criterion and constraints which can be the basis of service composition. This Masters thesis was about composing services to solve queries that had some element of time, most of the times when a user makes a request to Virtual Personal Assistants like 'SIRI', these requests are simple and can be managed with ease using one service but sometimes if a user enters a complex request, it makes it a lot more demanding. Initially, the aim was to get the familiarity with the operations of how the assistants work, then get to know how the services are rendered for the user requests, then to get deep insight on how the services are composed and finally to set up an environment where some of the selected queries can be implemented. There were two options to have temporal reasoning based on the user queries, once after the query has been entered and secondly when the response from the service provider is received. After the research part, during the implementation phase, all the proposed and chosen queries were realised.

Topic: Transportation and Mobility Innovations
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Solid-state microwave low-power oscillators (to 60-years of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research and Production Corporation ISTOK")

The work presents a classification of microwave low-power oscillators, and devices based on them, developed and produced in the FSUE "RPC ISTOK". Microwave oscillators are low-power devices with diversity of characteristics and application fields. The majority of solid-state microwave oscillators are executed using hybrid-integral technology and microstrip lines. We have created more than 120 types of oscillators and devices based on them, which are used in more than 30 systems of onboard and ground equipment in military and civil applications.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bayesian Forecasting of the Discounted Payoff of Options on WIG20 Index in Discrete-Time SV Models

In this paper the bivariate stochastic volatility models (with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rate) and the univariate fat-tailed and correlated stochastic volatility model (with stochastic volatility and constant interest rate) are used in the Bayesian forecasting of the payoff of European call options.The basic instrument is the WIG20 index.The predictive distribution of the discounted payoff is induced by the predictive distribution of the growth rate of the WIG20 index and the WIBOR1m interest rate.The Bayesian inference about the volatilities and the predictive distribution of the discounted payoff function is based on the joint posterior distribution of the latent variables, the parameters, and the predictive distribution of future observations, which we simulate via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is used within the Gibbs sampler).The results show that allowing interest rate to be stochastic does not significantly improve forecasting performance of the discounted payoff.The predictive distributions of the discounted payoff are characterised by huge dispersion and thick tails, thus uncertainty about the future value of the payoff was ex-ante very big.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Physical Borders

Abstract I have previously argued that both official British discourse and British popular sentiment articulated Germany’s invasion of Belgium and its air raids on England as a violation of the proper spatial organization of war: civilians, according to this English view, were supposed to occupy safe havens, soldiers were supposed to occupy war zones, and the two kinds of space were not supposed to intersect. Thus Germany’s invasion of a neutral country and its shelling of British civilian targets were both condemned as transgressions of this spatial organization, but it was the “rape of Belgium” (both figurative and literal) that became for England the most powerful symbol of German transgression. In this chapter, I examine ways in which charges of rape, along with the British attempt to substantiate those charges, raised the issue of factuality in a way similar to the way in which the same issue reverberates through modernism. The “rape of Belgium” provides a historical context in which the modernist mistrust of factuality may be more clearly understood. Elaine Scarry has analyzed the disputes that lead to war in a way that reveals their imaginative underpinnings: In the dispute that leads to war, a belief on each side that has “cultural reality” for that side’s population is exposed as a “cultural fiction”: that is, by being continually called into question, it begins to become recognizable to its own population as an “invented structure” rather than existing as it did in peacetime as one that (though on reflection invented) could be unselfconsciously entered into as though it were a naturally occurring “given” of the world. . . . Whatever the particular descriptions that have collided, what has always collided is each population’s

Topic: World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Production and Characterization of a Monoclonal Anti-anti-idiotype Antibody against Fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>

A monoclonal anti-anti-idiotype antibody (mAb3) against fumonisin B(1) (FmB1) was produced from the hybridoma cell line 7C7F4, which was generated by the fusion of P3/NS-1/1-AG4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from a Balb/c mouse that had been immunized with the Fab fragments of affinity-purified anti-idiotype antibodies. The mAb3 belongs to the immunoglobulin M, kappa light chain. A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dc-ELISA) and an indirect competitive ELISA (idc-ELISA) were established for antibody characterization and toxin analysis. In an idc-ELISA using FmB1-ovalbumin (OVA) as the coating antigen, the concentrations causing 50% inhibition of binding (IC(50)) of mAb3 to the solid-phase FmB1-OVA by free FmB1, FmB2, and FmB3 were found to be 75, 95, and 450 ng/mL, respectively. In the dc-ELISA, the concentration causing IC(50) of FmB1-horseradish peroxidase to the solid-phase mAb3 by free FmB1 was found to be 233 ng/mL. Analysis of 12 samples naturally contaminated with fumonisins with mAb3-based idc-ELISA and polyclonal-based dc-ELISA showed a good correlation between these two methods with a correlation coefficient of 0.76 at p < 0.02. The linear regression slope was found to be y[polyclonal ELISA] = 0.87x[mAb3 ELISA] - 52 ppb.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Steel as a theme

International student mobility is often promoted as enhancing graduates’ employability in globalised labour markets. Nevertheless, empirical evidence on this assumed causal link remains limited. Particularly the perspectives of employers remains understudied. Therefore, in this paper I analyse (1) whether European employers value study abroad; (2) which specific skills employers need when valuing international experience; and (3) whether ‘signaling effects’ of employing international graduates exist. The analyses are based on Flash Eurobarometer 304 ‘Employers’ perception of graduate employability’ (n = 7036), conducted in 31 countries. The results reveal that a minority of employers consider international experience when making recruitment decisions. However, significant variability across the countries can be detected. Furthermore, the findings indicate that international education is particularly valued when employers need graduates with good foreign language and decision-making skills. In addition, the results indicate that with higher shares of foreign graduates in a company, the likelihood international experience is valued increases.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Perioperative management for one day hospital admission: regional anesthesia is better than general anesthesia.

The past ten years have showed real and considerable growth in the number and complexity of ambulatory surgeries. The remaining real problems are the postoperative pain and the adverse effects due to parenteral opioids promoting hospital readmissions and increasing costs. This events limit the expansion of outpatient surgery. Regional anesthesia techniques such as spinal anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks are ideal techniques for one day hospital admissions surgical procedures. It is now fully demonstrated that these techniques allowed rapid and complete anesthetic blocks, a limitation of adeverses events and unplanned hospital admissions and increased the quality of prolonged optimal postoperative pain relief if continuous peripheral nerve blocks are used.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Proton-ionizable Macrocycles Containing 1,2,4-Triazole and 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole Subunits

Macrocycles 2 and Zb, containing a proton-ionizable 1,2,4triazole subcyclic unit, haveTeen obtained f m the appropriate 3.5disubstituted N-amino-1.2.4-triazoles and tetraethyleneglycol derivatives.The N-amino function was used as a protective group in the macrocyclization step.The method allowed the preparation of the chiral macrocycle 2 in three steps, from 2-lactic acid, in high optical purity and an overall yield of 16%.Triazolyl lone pairs of the macrocycles 2a and 2b, and of their N-aminated precursors &and lb, participate irthe cGplexation of Eu(fod1 and Pr(fodl , as well the crown ether moieties, but not N-amin8 groups whlch, when present, were found to be inside the cavity.Ion transport rates towards alkali-metal ions through a bulky chloroform phase were low and showed little selectivity.Crown compounds containing proton-ionizable functional groups have recently proved of interest in cmplexation, extraction, and transport of ions without requiring an independent counterion.The ionizable group can be attached to the ring as a pendant arm, or directly incorporated into the macrocyclic framework.Examples of the former approach, with carboxylic acids as the proton-ionizable functions have been studied mostly by Bartsch 61.,1r2whereas macrocycles containing an ionizable heterocyclic subunit within the cavity have been extensively developed more recently by Bradshaw, Izatt, and their coworkers at Brigham Young University.The heterocycles so far incorporated belong only to the 4-hydroxypyridine3-' and 1.2.4-triazole '-lo series, and the crowns synthesized were at first of the diester-polyether type (I) .3'6'8r9Despite the ease of access to structures of type (11 (high-dilution cyclization from the heterocyclic diesters or diacyl chlorides), diester-palyether heterocyclic c r m s were not devoid of scone inconvenients.Although they were found to form stable complexes with mines, annonium salts, and even water molecules, the proneness of the ester functions to hydrolyze in basic or acidic aqueous media make them unsuitable ' 47.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fipronil induces lung inflammation in vivo and cell death in vitro

Fipronil is an insecticide that acts at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels in the central nervous systems of target organisms. The use of fipronil is increasing across the globe. Presently, very little data exist on the potential impact of exposure to fipronil on the lungs.We studied effects of intranasal (N = 8) and oral (N = 8) treatment with fipronil (10 mg/kg) on lungs of mice. Control mice were given groundnut oil orally (N = 7) or ethanol intranasally (N = 7) as these were the vehicles for respective treatments.Hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections showed normal histology in the control lungs compared to the thickened alveolar septa, disruption of the airways epithelium and damage to vascular endothelium in the intranasal and the oral groups. Mice exposed to fipronil either orally or intranasally showed increased von Willebrand factor staining in the endothelium and septal capillaries. Compared to the control mice, TLR4 expression in airway epithelium was increased in mice treated intranasally but not orally with fipronil. Oral fipronil reduced TLR9 staining in the airway epithelium but intranasal exposure caused intense staining in the alveolar septa and airway epithelium. There were higher numbers of TLR4 positive cells in alveolar septa in lungs of mice treated intranasally (P = 0.010) compared to the respective control and orally treated mice but no significant differences between treatments for TLR9 positive stained cells (P = 0.226). The U937 macrophage cells exposed to fipronil at concentrations of 0.29 μm to 5.72 μm/ml over 3- or 24-hour showed significant increase in cell death at higher concentrations of fipronil (P < 0.0001). Western blots revealed no effect of fipronil on TLR4 (P = 0.49) or TLR9 (P = 0.94) expression on macrophage cell line.While both oral or intranasal fipronil treatments induced signs of lung inflammation, the number TLR4-positive septal cells was increased only following intranasal treatment. Fipronil causes macrophage cell death without altering TLR4 and TLR9 expression in vitro.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Age of Śani in Modern Delhi

In northern India, the planetary deity Śani has historically been regarded as lord of many inauspicious phenomena that are also associated with the Kali Yuga. In the realm of astrology, the inevitable period of Śani's malevolent influence is known as sāŗhe sātī, and ritual specialists, particularly those of the dakaut caste, have historically been called upon to mediate between Śani and those afflicted by him. However, contemporary Śani-related practices in Delhi suggest that he is no longer simply conceptualized as a malevolent, inauspicious deity. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at several Śani temples in Delhi, this article documents some of the ways in which contemporary worship of Śani is shaped by - and a sensible response to - changes in the Indian economy brought about by its ongoing liberalization. In this new world, even the Kali Yuga takes on unprecedented, surprising meanings.

Topic: Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences