jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Twittering to increase student engagement in the university classroom

In this paper, we explored the research question: Does Twitter in a large-lecture format university course produced a difference in levels of self-reported student engagement? To do so, we utilize a quasi-experimental design testing the effect of Twitter on student engagement in introductory sociology and anthropology courses. Our hypotheses predicted that students using Twitter would report higher levels of five forms of student engagement (academic, intellectual, peer, and beyond-class engagement, along with an overall engagement variable). While peer-reviewed literature and others’ anecdotal reporting would lead us to expect a positive result, we found no significant difference in any form of engagement when Twitter was part of the course than when it was not. In fact, we found that students enrolled in the control (non-Twitter) condition perceived significantly higher levels of academic engagement then those in the experimental (used Twitter) condition. We also included a second set of hypothesis predicting that students who reported enjoying using Twitter would perceive of themselves as more engaged than those who did not enjoy Twitter. These hypotheses were supported across all forms of engagement. We report these findings and utilize comments from an open-ended questionnaire to explore potential reasons accounting for these differences and how students perceived Twitter as a classroom tool.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
International and innovation activities of firms

The economic environment in which a firm operates is constantly changing. This thesis contains three essays to examine how firms adapt their innovation and international&#13;\nactivities to a variety of external changes. The first paper, “Information Frictions and the Law of One Price: ‘When the States and the Kingdom became United’”, shows how information frictions affect the exporting behavior of merchants, exploiting a unique historical experiment: the transatlantic telegraph, established in 1866. Using a newly collected data set on cotton trade based on historical newspapers, I find that information frictions result in large and volatile deviations from the Law of One Price. There are also real effects, because exports&#13;\nrespond to information about foreign demand shocks, and average exports increase after the telegraph and become more volatile. I provide a model in which exporters&#13;\nuse the latest news about a foreign market to forecast expected selling prices when their exports arrive at the destination. Their forecast error is smaller and less volatile the more recent the available information. The welfare gains from the telegraph are estimated to be around 8% of annual export value.&#13;\nThe second paper, “Survive another day: Using changes in the composition of investments to measure the cost of credit constraints” is joint work with Luis Garicano.&#13;\nWe introduce a novel empirical strategy to measure the credit shocks that were triggered by the recent financial crisis: Theoretically, we show that credit shocks affect long term investments by more than short term ones. Credit shocks can then be measured within firms by the relative drop of long run relative to short run investments; using firm-times-year fixed effects to absorb idiosyncratic demand shocks. Using data on Spanish&#13;\nmanufacturing firms we find that credit constraints are equivalent to an additional tax rate of around 11% on the longest lived investment.&#13;\nWhile the trade literature has established a positive impact of globalization on the productivity of firms, there is lacking consensus about the underlying mechanism at work: Trade theory focuses on a market access mechanism, but empirical papers point out that import competition matters as well. The third paper, “The roles of import competition and export opportunities for technical change”, conducts a “horse race” between the two mechanisms. Using Spanish firm level data, I find robust evidence that access to export markets leads to productivity increases, but only for firms that were already highly productive before. The evidence on import competition is weaker and very heterogeneous, pointing towards an omitted variable bias in earlier papers.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Intragastric Pressure/Volume Relationship and Gastrin Release after Distention of Separate Parts of the Stomach

Stadaas, J. & Schrumpf, E. Intragastric pressure/volume relationship and gastrin release after distention of separate parts of the stomach. Scand. J. Gastroent. 1974, 9, 781–785.Intragastric pressure and gastrin release were measured after stepwise distention of vagally innervated and completely separated fundal and antral pouches in pigs. Recordings were obtained after separate or simultaneous distention of the two pouches. Antral distention gave increased serum gastrin concentration, whereas no increase in serum gastrin concentration was observed after distention of the fundal pouch. Serum gastrin concentration increased significantly more after simultaneous distention of the two pouches than after isolated antral distention. The data provide evidence that a vago-vagal distention reflex from the fundus facilitates the mechanically induced release of gastrin from the antrum. Motility data indicate a pyloro-fundic relaxatory reflex.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Brazilian Communism, 1935-1945

The Brazilian Communist Party was one of the largest Communist parties in Latin America until its split and dissolution in the 1990s. Although not granted legal status as a political party of Brazil until 1985, the Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) has been tolerated by that country's regime. Such governmental tolerance of the PCB was not always the case. In the past, the regime of Getúlio Vargas practiced savage forms of repression against Brazilian leftists, whose "Red extremism" was cited by both government leaders and the press as sufficient cause for Vargas' adoption of the most extreme measures. Brazilian Communism, 1935-1945 is an objective and remarkably comprehensive account of the Brazilian Communist Party's struggle to survive those days of repression. From his prison cell, PCB leader Luís Carlos Prestes guided the Party's quarreling factions. All who were associated with the Left shared a common enemy: the police, who used the most brutal forms of torture to extract information about leftist activities. Young Elza Fernandes, companion of the PCB's secretary general, was one whom the police interrogated. Suspecting that she had betrayed them, the Party itself arranged her murder. Dulles' vivid account of this violent chapter in Latin American history is based on exclusive interviews with leading activists of the period and exhaustive research in the archives of both the PCB and the Brazilian police. The results make fascinating reading for Latin Americanists, historians of World War II, and students of international Communism alike

Topic: Brazilian cultural history and politics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Noninvasive estimation of chronological and photoinduced skin damage using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Background Skin aging can be attributed to endogenous and exogenous factors which modify the hydration and protein structure of the skin which can be measured using Raman spectroscopy. Method This study included 21 healthy adult volunteers, aged 32–81 years, Raman spectra were obtained from sun‐protected and sun‐exposed skin, also three millimeter punch biopsies of sun‐exposed skin were collected and analyzed. The Raman spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis and the results were correlated with clinical and histological findings. Results The principal component analysis of the Raman spectra shows that the first principal component ( PC 1) obtained from the sun‐protected skin is related to the age of the subject, which can be taken as a measure of chronological aging, the second ( PC 2) and fourth ( PC 4) principal components obtained from Raman spectra of sun‐exposed skin are related to the amount of solar elastosis and collagen, respectively. Conclusion In this work a relationship was found between histological properties of photoaged skin and noninvasive measurements based on Raman and principal components analysis ( PCA ). These relationships can be used to assess noninvasively the photoinduced damage and chronological characteristics of skin.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
El/La Mataviejitas: killing genders in Mexico City

Beginning in 1998, homicides against older women in Mexico City began to register in increasing numbers. However, it was not until 2003 that police began to trace patterns in these homicides and by 2005 suggested the possibility that a serial who came to be nicknamed (the little old lady killer, with the article indicating a male subject) was responsible for the murder of more than 40 elderly women. The modus operandi, according to police, was that El dressed as a nurse from the official program Si Vale and asphyxiated elderly women with a stethoscope, tights or cable. On January 25, 2006, Mexico City police captured a female wrestler, Juana Barraza Samperio, as she fled the scene where an 89-year-old woman had been strangled with a stethoscope. The next day's news read: Mataviejitas falls after committing another crime: it's a woman. My thesis analyzes the shift in gendered and sexed constructions in Mexican periodicals when police believed the serial killer was a man, then a transvestite. It will analyze the representations of Juana Barraza, as La Dama del Silencio (her wresting persona) and as La indicating a female subject), produced by journalists, police authorities, criminologist and popular culture texts.%%%%A partir de 1998, Mexico est le theâtre d'un nombre croissant d'homicides commis contre des femmes âgees. Il faut toutefois attendre cinq ans, soit en 2003, pour que des liens soient tisses par la police entre ces crimes. En 2005, la police avance l'hypothese que plus de 40 de ces meurtres sont l'œuvre d'un tueur en serie, qu'ils surnomment « El » (l'assassin des vieilles dames, l'article « el » denotant son identite masculine). Le modus operandi de l'assassin, selon la police, consiste a se deguiser et se faire passer pour une infirmiere du programme Si Vale. Une fois qu'il a gagne la confiance de ces victimes, il les asphyxie a l'aide d'un stethoscope ou d'un câble. Le 25 janvier 2006, la police apprehende Juana Barraza Samperio, lutteuse de profession, alors qu'elle s'enfuit du lieu ou une femme de 89 ans a ete etranglee avec un stethoscope. L'assassin etait en fait une assassine. Le lendemain, les journaux titrent : « tombe apres un autre crime : c'est une femme ». Ma these analyse la transformation des constructions sexuelles et genrees du tueur en serie a travers les periodiques mexicains, qui le presentent tantot comme un homme, tantot comme un travesti. J'analyserai aussi les representations que font les journalistes, la police, les criminologues et certains textes issus de la culture populaire de Juana Barazza en tant que La Dama del Silencio (la Dame du silence, son nom de lutteuse) et La (l'article « la » denotant cette fois-ci l'identite feminine du tueur).

Topic: Crime, Deviance, and Social Control
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Belite Sludges from Coal-fired Power Plant Ash

The results of experimental studies aimed at developing a technology for producing belite sludge from high-alumina ash of coal-fired power plants are presented. The influence of various technological parameters on the process of obtaining the target product has been studied. The possibility of obtaining two grades of belite sludge is shown by the example of the ashes of thermal power plants in the Ural region.

Topic: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design of a Low-Profile Receiver of 3.3 KW wireless charger

The usage of physical space in an Electrical vehicle is a roadblock to achieving peak performance in wireless charging applications. Components like the receiver, onboard power electronics, etc. have to be arranged in such a way that challenges like bulkiness, power density, thermal management is handled to achieve maximum operating life of these devices and their performance. This becomes more prevalent in heavier vehicles. This thesis explores such possibility of solving this constraint by placing the power electronics on top of the receiver.To start with, different frequency ranges used in Wireless power transmission are discussed, fol­lowed by topologies of the coil and compensation networks. Every topology and network has its ad­vantages and disadvantages. And based on various parameters, a comparison is made.Subsequently, power losses across various components of both the primary and the secondary sides of the Wireless Power Transmission(WPT) are calculated in their worst ­case scenarios. These losses are essential for analyzing the thermal management of the system, as these losses produced by the devices generate heat.A series of thermal models were designed on COMSOL 5.6a to analyze the temperature distributions of these circuits. Starting with a simple model which involves two diodes connected in series to more complex cases like the design of the receiver and finally to the last step which is placing the rectifier on a heatsink atop the receiver. The results are experimentally verified and many conclusions are deduced from them. These results give a better understanding of how heat flows in a system. A Thermal analytical model is designed on LT­-SPICE to a thermal circuit of arrangement of the components in the system.

Topic: Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Individual glycoside therapy using serum concentration determination in canine heart failure].

32 dogs with congestive heart failure without sufficient reaction to a standardized therapy with glycosides are treated with an individual glycoside dose. The therapy is controlled by the serum concentration of the cardiac glycoside. The influence of additional diseases and medications is demonstrated. Finally a rule for the evaluation of the therapeutic glycoside dose is given.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lattice of Triangulations: the proof and an algorithm

In this paper, we prove that the set of triangulations of a polygon can be equipped with an order to become a lattice. First, we define this order. In [HN99], authors defined the flip operator and then prove some properties of the graph of triangulations. We use their theorems and extend them to construct the lattice of triangulations. We prove this lattice property and introduce an elegant algorithm which correctness is induced from the proof. The complexity of this algorithm will be considered. This algorithm is efficient to find the infimum of a pair of triangulations.

Topic: Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on the characteristics of germination and growth of &lt;I&gt;Phragmites australis&lt;/I&gt; seedlings in Udono

ヨシの種子の発芽実験を25 ℃ の環境下で実施した結果，採り撒きの種子よりも，低温処理種子の方が発芽率が低かった。また，実生苗を水深の異なる4つの処理区（灌水区，底面湛水区，半湛水区，冠水区）および施肥区と対照区（無施肥）の2つの処理区の計 8 試験区において約 2年間育成した結果，茎数は水深が深くなるほど増加し，施肥によっても増加する傾向がみられた。根系の発達は，湛水面が低いほど地下茎が発達し，湛水面が高いほど細根の発達がみられ，水深に応じて根系の発達する器官が異なった。さらに，地下茎は湛水面の位置に応じて形成位置が変化することが観察されたことから，地下茎の形成位置と水深には関係があることが示唆された。

Topic: Plant responses to water stress
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis: a case report

OBJECTIVE: To report a full-term newborn infant that developed a sepsis associated to meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C on the 14th day of life. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was a term female infant, born to a mother with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, with birth weight of 2,610g, Apgar Score 1, 4 and 8, who needed mechanical ventilation for 24 hours. On the 7th day of life, the neonate was discharged from the hospital with good overall condition. On the 15th day of life, the newborn infant presented fever and respiratory failure. The cerebrospinal fluid showed 1042 cells/mm³, with neutrophilic predominance, protein of 435 mg/dL, and glucose &lt; 10 mg/dL. The blood and the cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. The neonate was hospitalized, needing mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs, and received 21 days of crystalline penicillin. After hospital discharge, there were no signs of neurological sequels and the infant was able to be breastfed. The case report presents a unique situation: an uncommon etiology of neonatal meningitis and favorable evolution, despite neurological sequels reported in the literature. This report emphasizes the need to prevent the premature exposure of newborn infants to pathological agents, especially if they presented birth injuries and/or are preterm, due to their lack of immunological capacity.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
D209002727

A Tarrant County, Texas oil and gas lease from David A Jr Bolduc and Holly L Bolduc to Fleet Oil &amp; Gas Ltd, signed on October 22, 2008. (Unofficial mirror of http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/163973-d209002727.html)

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Geographical Transition of Sylleptic/Proleptic Branching in Three Cinnamomum Species with Different Bud Types

Three native Japanese Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) species exhibit either sylleptic and proleptic, or proleptic branching depending on species-specific types of bud-structure (hypsophyllary and scaled-buds) and geographical distribution. Major branching shifted from sylleptic at the axils of cataphylls and hypsophylls in the southernmost C. doederleinii (latitudinal distribution range 24–28° N) to both sylleptic at cataphyllary- and proleptic at hypsophyllary-axils in mid-latitudinal C. daphnoides (27–33° N), and to proleptic at the axils of foliage-leaves in the northernmost species C. japonicum (25–37° N). In all three Cinnamomum species, the sylleptic and proleptic branches expand around the boundary between two successive yearly shoot-modules. The predominant, fertile axils having branches shifted from cataphylls ( n year) and hypsophylls ( n −1 year) in C. doederleinii and C. daphnoides , to foliage-leaves ( n −1) in C. japonicum . The buds of proleptic branches at the axils of hypsophylls and foliage-leaves inevitably experience winter dormancy, hence the shoots are equipped with protective cataphylls instead of a hypopodium. Shoot length and leaf number gradually increased from the most distal cataphyllary sylleptic ( n ) shoots towards the most basal proleptic shoots at the axils of foliage-leaves ( n −1). Proleptic shoots at the axils of foliage-leaves perform similarly to main shoots in all three Cinnamomum species studied. The relative number of leaves borne on proleptic shoots gradually increased from C. doederleinii , to C. daphnoides , and C. japonicum . Under the seasonal, short growing periods of temperate latitudes, the increased shoot performance and bud protection of proleptic shoots are made possible through the earlier onset of bud formation (prolepsis) at the axils of the previous year's hypsophylls and/or foliage-leaves in trees with rhythmic growth. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Aggressive clients in Dutch veterinary practice].

Aggressive clients seem to be becoming more common. This article describes a study in which questionnaires on client behaviour were sent to veterinary assistants and veterinarians in randomly selected practices in the Netherlands. Results showed that 26.4% of the veterinarians and 29.3% of the assistants had experienced aggressive clients in the last year. Age, experience, and sex of the veterinarian or assistant did not influence the frequency with which aggressive clients were encountered. The same was true for the type of veterinary practice (companion animals, farm animals, horses, etc). The risk of encountering aggressive clients was higher among practices in large towns and in practices with a small turnover Of the veterinarians who had encountered aggressive clients at least once in their career, 31% has taken some kind of action after the aggressive encounter Nearly a quarter (24.9%) of veterinary practices have adopted a Risk Inventarization and Evaluation (RI&E) approach to preventing client aggression and 26.6% of practices have adopted another approach. While veterinarians tend not to consider aggression a big problem, they are often open to the suggestion that more attention should be paid to aggression in veterinary practice.

Topic: Veterinary Practice and Education Studies
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein Immunization Induces Memory CD4+ T Cells That Lack Th Lineage Commitment

Abstract Acute viral infection generates lineage-committed Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) memory cells that recall their lineage-specific functions following secondary challenge with virus. However, the lineage commitment of effector and memory Th cells in vivo following protein vaccination is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed effector and memory CD4+ T cell differentiation in mice (Mus musculus) following adjuvanted glycoprotein immunization compared with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Glycoprotein immunization induced CXCR5− non-Tfh effector and memory CD4+ T cells that surprisingly had not undergone polarization toward any particular Th cell lineage but had undergone memory differentiation. However, upon challenge with virus, these Th lineage–nonpolarized memory CD4+ T cells were able to generate Th1 secondary effector cells, demonstrating their lineage plasticity. In addition, Tfh and memory Tfh cells were generated in response to protein immunization, and these cells differed from infection-induced Tfh cells by their lack of the transcription factor Tbet. Rechallenge experiments demonstrated that viral infection, but not protein immunization, during either the primary or secondary immune response, restricts the recall of Bcl6 expression and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells. Together, these data demonstrate that protein immunization generates a combination of nonpolarized memory cells that are highly plastic and memory Tfh cells that can undergo further Th1-like modulation during a secondary response to viral infection.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences