jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 1,1-Difluoro Olefins. II. Reactions of Ketones with Tributylphosphine and Sodium Chlorodifluoroacetate

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,1-Difluoro Olefins. II. Reactions of Ketones with Tributylphosphine and Sodium ChlorodifluoroacetateSamuel A. Fuqua, Warren G. Duncan, and Robert M. SilversteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 8, 2543–2545Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01019a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Rate of Absorption of Nitrogen in Liquid Iron and Iron Alloys, Containing Carbon, Silicon, Manganese and Chromium

The rates of absorption of nitrogen in liquid iron and liquid iron alloys were measured for inductively melted iron under pure nitrogen at 1600°C.The experimental data show a linear correlation, which gives the apparent mass transfer coefficient, k′, when the variable, log [(Cs-Co)/(Cs-C)] is plotted vs F·t/V.The experimental values of the apparent mass transfer coefficient obtained for lower oxygen melts are as follows:k′=34-35×10-3 cm·sec-1 for 0.005-0.006% Ok′=27-29×10-3cm·sec-1 for 0.008-0.013% OAt present, it appears that the transfer of nitrogen across the gas/metal interface is controlled by the transport in the metal. Some models of gas absorption in liquid, such as the film theory, the penetration theory and the surface renewal theory, were taken into account to explain the present results.The effects of several alloying elements on the absorption rates were also measured. It is to be noted that carbon, chromium and manganese have practically little influence, silicon, however, has somewhat remarkable influence in the lower concentrations. Namely, mass transfer coefficient increases gradually as silicon increases and reaches the limiting value of 5×10-2 cm·sec-1 at about 2% Si. It seems reasonable to consider that silicon reduces oxygen poison effect which is caused by absorption of dissolved oxygen on the metal surface, even in low oxygen level (0.002% O).Transfer of nitrogen from gas into liquid iron may also be chemically controlled when the liquid iron contains some surface active agents. The role of surface active agents such as oxygen and sulphur will be discussed in the next paper.

Topic: Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Value potential of ukrainian national musical image

&lt;p class="1"&gt;&lt;span lang="UK"&gt;У статті аналізується ціннісний потенціал українського національного музичного образу з точки зору можливостей його виховного впливу на особистість. Зазначено, що ґенеза українського національного музичного образу пов’язана з основними характеристиками національного менталітету та визначає його головні риси. Основними компонентами втілення цього образу є музична мова (ритмо-інтонаційні основи) та вербалізовані засоби&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Education and Social Development in Ukraine
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Differential expression of lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 3 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 3, LHFPL3, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. LHFPL3 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. LHFPL3 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with p53 mutant ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of LHFPL3 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. LHFPL3 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prophylactic gatifloxacin therapy in prevention of bacterial keratitis in a rabbit laser in situ keratomileusis model

The findings suggest that the use of both preoperative and postoperative antibiotic therapy may be most effective in preventing infection. Postoperative antibiotic therapy increased the number of S epidermidis necessary to cause infection by at least 100-fold over no antibiotic intervention. Preoperative plus postoperative antibiotic therapy increased the number of bacteria necessary to cause infection by at least 100-fold over postoperative therapy alone and by more than 10000-fold over no antibiotic intervention.

Topic: Ocular Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comparative economic study on cultivation of summer crops grown in Khanakul–I block of Hooghly district in West Bengal

This study was conducted in Khanakul-I block in Hooghly district of West Bengal. The agricultural households in a village were completely enumerated in respect of area under different crops. Fifty agricultural households were randomly selected as sample households from 117 agricultural households by the technique of Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Three summer crops like boro paddy, sesame and groundnut were taken in the purview of the study. Necessary primary data on various aspects of these crops were collected from sample agricultural households. The concept of cost C was used in cost of cultivation of these three crops. Values of main product and by-product were taken into account while estimating gross returns of these crops. Size class wise comparison among these three summer crops was attempted in respect of costs, gross returns and net returns. The reference period of the study pertained to 2015-16 agricultural year. The study revealed that sample farmers belonged to either marginal size class or small size class. Both the size classes of farms cultivated other crops like aman paddy, mustard, potato besides groundnut, sesame and boro paddy. Percentage of net sown area under groundnut was higher in marginal size class than in small size class of farms. A reverse picture was noted in the case of sesame and boro paddy. The results of the study also indicated cultivation of groundnut and boro paddy in leased-in land besides owned land. As a whole, net sown area under groundnut was 61.52 of the total net sown area. The corresponding figures for sesame and boro paddy were 9.69 per cent and 28.79 per cent respectively. Per hectare cost of cultivation of groundnut was slightly higher in small size class as compared to that in marginal size class of farms. Per hectare cost of cultivation of sesame was also recorded higher in small size class of farms. A negligible difference in per hectare cost of cultivation of boro paddy was found between two size classes of farms. Comparison among these crops indicated the highest per hectare cost of cultivation in groundnut. The lowest cost of cultivation was recorded for sesame in this study. As regards gross return relative positions of these three crops were same as those for per hectare cost of cultivation. Gross return per hectare of groundnut was 57.44 per cent higher than that of boro paddy and 136.16 per cent higher than that of sesame. Return cost ratio was highest for groundnut and it was lowest for boro paddy. Net return per hectare of groundnut exceeded boro paddy and sesame by amounts of Rs. 43393 and Rs. 44183 respectively. Due to risk situation arising from cyclone and undesirable sudden rainfall in summer season farmers followed diversified farming in this season.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CENTENSIMAL COMPOSITION OF WHOLE MILK, FAT FREE MILK, LOW FAT MILK, LACTOSE FREE MILK AND PASTEURIZED MILK MARKETED IN THE RIO VERDE CITY, GOIAS STATE

The centesimal composition in milk samples is the subject of recent discussions in Brazil for indicating risk of fraud. This study investigated the main constituents in industrialized, divided into 5 groups: whole milk (G1), fat free milk (G2), low fat milk (G3), lactose free milk (G4), pasteurized milk (G5), marketed in the Rio Verde city, Goias state. The density indicated 1.309 g/mL (G1), 1.348 g/mL (G2), 1.337 g/mL (G3), 1.301 g/mL (G4) and 1.299 g/mL (G5), reference values 1.028 to 1.032 g/mL. These results suggest skim milk. The reductase revealed 7 hours for the G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups, and 3 hours for the G5, all in the standard. The total dry extract was found 11.48/g (G1), absence (G2), 10.37/g (G3), 11.55/g (G4) and 9.83/g (G5), reference ≥ 11.4 g/100 g. In the pasteurized milk of the samples were in disagreement values, by Instruction Rules 62 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Supply (IN 62). It was identified to nonfat dry extract 8,6/g (G1), absence (G2), 8.9/g (G3), 8.6/g (G4) and 8.1/g (G5), reference ≥ 8.4 g/100 g. The acidity showed 0.24 (G1), 0.17 (G2), 0.20 (G3), 0.20 (G4) and 0.30 (G5), with reference 0.14 to 0.18, only skimmed milk was within the normal range, the other samples showed acidity, while the milk with 30oD, does not withstand pasteurisation at 72o and denaturation. Fat showed 2.8% in G1 (≥3.0%), absence in G2 (≤0.5%), 1.4% in G3 (0.6-2.9%), 2.9% in G3, 2.9 in G4 (≥3.0) and 1.4% in G5 (≥3.0%), It was revealed pasteurized milk showed less than half the official contents for milk fat. The humidity were 87.7% (G1), 86.0% (G2), 88.0% (G3), 84.1% (G4) and 89.0% (G5), these a higher water content in pasteurized milk with lower concentration of solids. The Brix ratified 10.1 (G1), 8.6 (G2), 8.7 (G3), 9.9 (G4) and 7.2 (G5), using the refractometer to estimate total solids, the reading of 12 would indicate 13.1% of the estimeted total solids. In summary, in this study pasteurized milk did not meet the requirements of IN 62.

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
When your Client Lives in a Rural Area Part I: Rural Health Care Delivery Issues

In the past 2 years there has been increased emphasis on health care delivery concerns in rural environments. Research monies also target the health care needs of vulnerable populations living in areas with a shortage of health professionals; many of these populations are located in rural areas. There is, however, a paucity of information about populations and mental health nursing in rural environment. Part I of this two-part article summarizes pertinent definitions and characteristics of rural environments. The health care delivery system in rural settings is considered within a framework of availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services. Traditional belief systems are highlighted, and the impact of these on health care-seeking behaviors of rural people are discussed.

Topic: Global Health Workforce Issues
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2018: SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE

The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, the latest US farm bill, contains no major realignment of spending across its 12 titles. Nevertheless, potentially important programmatic changes are authorized. Payments by commodity assistance programs are more closely tied to current market conditions, including allowing farms to annually change commodity program starting with the 2021 crop. Commitment to using private-public partnerships to address farm environmental issues is increased. US land conservation programs appear to be evolving to a pyramid policy approach composed of (1) conservation farming practices for land cropped annually (2) short term contracts to revitalize soil health, (3) environmental fallow to remove land from production for longer periods, and (4) long term conservation easements. The Research and Extension title had the largest percent increase in mandatory funding. Mandatory funding for US agricultural export programs were increased by double digits. Issues with provisions in multiple titles include organic production, local foods, urban agriculture, food wastes, legalization of hemp production, and programs to assist young, beginning, veteran, and socially disadvantage farmers.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Noise induced suppression of spiral waves in a hybrid FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron with discontinuous resetting

A modified FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron model with sigmoid function-based recovery variable is considered with electromagnetic flux coupling. The dynamical properties of the proposed neuron model are investigated, and as the excitation current becomes larger, the number of fixed points decreases to one. The bifurcation plots are investigated to show the chaotic and periodic regimes for various values of excitation current and parameters. A N×N network of the neuron model is constructed to study the wave propagation and wave re-entry phenomena. Investigations are conducted to show that for larger flux coupling values, the spiral waves are suppressed, but for such values of the flux coupling, the individual nodes are driven into periodic regimes. By introducing Gaussian noise as an additional current term, we showed that when noise is introduced for the entire simulation time, the dynamics of the nodes are largely altered while the noise exposure for 200-time units will not alter the dynamics of the nodes completely.

Topic: stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Game Plot Design with an LLM-powered Assistant: An Empirical Study with Game Designers

We introduce GamePlot, an LLM-powered assistant that supports game designers in crafting immersive narratives for turn-based games, and allows them to test these games through a collaborative game play and refine the plot throughout the process. Our user study with 14 game designers shows high levels of both satisfaction with the generated game plots and sense of ownership over the narratives, but also reconfirms that LLM are limited in their ability to generate complex and truly innovative content. We also show that diverse user populations have different expectations from AI assistants, and encourage researchers to study how tailoring assistants to diverse user groups could potentially lead to increased job satisfaction and greater creativity and innovation over time.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Unexpectedly high survival rate in very poor prognosis stage III B breast cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based primary chemotherapy. A multicenter Italian study

605 Background: Primary chemotherapy, as part of multimodality treatment, has become the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) to increase DFS, OS and conservative surgery. Stage III B is renowned as the worst of LABC, and despite appropriate therapy the majority of patients (pts) will experience distant metastases and death within 2–3 years. The optimal regimen and schedule of primary chemotherapy is uncertain. Aim of our study was to verify the efficacy of an original cisplatin-based regimen (PEV) in terms of response and survival. Methods: Between 1996 and 2001 72 consecutive III B pts were treated with primary chemotherapy: Cisplatin 50 mg/m2, Epirubicin 100 mg/m2, Vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 every 14 (44%) or 21 (66%) days for 4 (33%) or 6 (67%) cycles, followed by surgery, radiation, adjuvant CMF 1, 8 q28 x 6 cycles + - TAM. Median age was 50 y (29–70); 47% premenopausal; 75% T4 abc, 25% T4 d; 45% ER-; 69% PgR-; 46% Ki 67+; 40% G3; 87,5% clinical axillary nodes positive. Results: All patients underwent surgery ( 25% conservative); according to Sataloff's classification 28% had pCR (absence or minimal microscopic residual disease) and 72% had pTR (gross residual disease) in breast; 40% had complete clearance of axilla (pN0) and 60% had residual nodes metastases (pN+); 22% had pCR both in breast and axilla. At median follow up of 52 months (22–87) DFS and OS were 64% and 76% respectively, significantly higher in pCR(85%and 95%) (p= 0.02) and in pN0 (83%and 90%) (p= 0.01) than in pTR(56%and 69%) or in pN+(51%and 67%). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a significant difference in OS between 6 (85%) and 4 cycles ( 58%) (p= 0.04); no statistical difference was seen between q14 /q21 groups. Conclusions: Primary PEV regimen, as part of multimodality treatment, appears to be highly active in terms of pCR, conservative surgery and survival rates in IIIB breast cancer patients and cost-effective. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
"Low back pain response after application of interferential therapy alone and in combination with aceclofenac+paracetamol, tramadol+paracetamol: A prospective, comparative, clinical study"

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2014,4,3,231-236.DOI:10.4103/2230-8598.137707Published:Jul 2012Type:Original Article“Low back pain response after application of interferential therapy alone and in combination with aceclofenac+paracetamol, tramadol+paracetamol: A prospective, comparative, clinical study”Surendra Kumar Vidyarthi, Roopa Prasad Nayak, Satish Krishna, Prakash Selvaraj, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, and Balasubramanian Anantha Kumar Surendra Kumar Vidyarthi, Roopa Prasad Nayak, Satish Krishna, Prakash Selvaraj, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Balasubramanian Anantha Kumar Department of Pharmacology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital (DSMCH), Siruvachur, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract:Aims and Objectives: To determine efficacy of analgesia of Analgesic drugs +Interferential Therapy (IFT) or without IFT. Material and Methods: The 80 eligible patients (30 male, 50 female) of acute and chronic low back pain were assigned to 5 groups (Grp), i.e., Grp A, B, C, D and E. The Orthopedician prescribed tablet Xenodol (Aceclofenac 100mg + Paracetamol 500mg 1 BD for 7 days) for Grp A, tablet Patrol (Tramadol 37.5mg + Paracetamol 325mg) 1 BD for 7 days) for Grp B, IFT 25 - 100Hz application at lumbar region for 15 min daily for 7 days for Grp C, tablet Xenodol of same dose with IFT 25 - 100Hz application for 7 days for Grp D and tablet Patrol of same dose with IFT 25 - 100Hz application for 7 days for Grp E patients. Eligible patients pain were assessed twice, i.e., pre-treatment and post-treatment, by SF-LF-MPQ (Short Form-Long Form McGill Pain Questionnaire’s Rating Index. Results: The post-treatment mean±SD was 1.3±0.9, 1.4±1.5, 1.6±0.85, 1±0.73, 0.93±1.16for Grp A, B, C, D and E respectively, while the pre-treatment pain intensity score mean±SD was 1.9±0.5, 2.4±1.1, 2.13±0.8, 2.25±0.9, 2.25±1.1 for Grp A,B,C,D,E respectively. The differences was statistically significant, i.e. (P < 0.05) 0.03856, 0.03601, 0.0002027, 0.002136 of Grp A, B, D, E respectively and insignificant, i.e. (P > 0.05) was 0.06603 for Grp C. Conclusion: Tablet Xenodol (Aceclofenac+Paracetamol) and tablet Patrol (Tramadol+Paracetamol)alone showed efficacy in pain reduction, while when the tablets Xenodol and tablet Patrol of same doses given with IFT 25 - 100Hz application at lumbar regionin Grp D and Grp E the pain reduction was highly significant than the medication alone groups, i.e., for Grp A, B, C. Keywords:Aceclofenac+paracetamol, interferential therapy (IFT ), low-back pain (LBP ), McGill pain questionnaires, tramadol+paracetamolView:PDF (624.3 KB)

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gen-Y men and ‘Fast Fashion’: Who values it?

Fast fashion refers to the clothing that follows the latest fashion trends at affordable prices. Although fast fashion could cause environmental, social and ethical issues, it has been widely consumed by young consumers because of its various styles with inexpensive prices. Thus, the current study investigated how Gen-Y males’ varied decision-making styles influence their perceptions towards fast fashion differently. The results of an online survey collected from 335 Gen-Y males showed that there are two different decision-making groups: indifferent realists and conscious fashionistas, which were dissimilar in their ethnic distribution. Further, their varied decision-making dimensions influenced their perceptions towards fast fashion differently. These results contribute towards the existing literature related to fast fashion and provide insightful perceptions for fast fashion marketers in targeting Gen-Y male consumers.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Forensics of Election Fraud: Russia and Ukraine

This volume offers a number of forensic indicators of election fraud applied to official election returns, and tests and illustrates their application in Russia and Ukraine. Included are the methodology's econometric details and theoretical assumptions. The applications to Russia include the analysis of all federal elections between 1996 and 2007 and, for Ukraine, between 2004 and 2007. Generally, we find that fraud has metastasized within the Russian polity during Putin's administration with upwards of 10 million or more suspect votes in both the 2004 and 2007 balloting, whereas in Ukraine, fraud has diminished considerably since the second round of its 2004 presidential election where between 1.5 and 3 million votes were falsified. The volume concludes with a consideration of data from the United States to illustrate the dangers of the application of our methods without due consideration of an election's substantive context and the characteristics of the data at hand

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences