jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microwave front end receiver using supercomponent approach

Modern airborne multimode radars increasingly demand higher performance with small size, low weight and high reliability. In order to address these problems of microwave and RF receiver designers, an attempt has been made by adapting the technique of integrating various microwave subassemblies to form a single unit, known as the "supercomponent". This article discusses the design and development of a microwave front end receiver using the supercomponent approach. An account of design of various types of MICs that are used in the integrated receiver is presented along with test results. The results of the integrated receiver and the advantages of this supercomponent approach over the conventional method of developing a receiver by integrating individual discrete components are highlighted.

Topic: Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
DyCL: Dynamic Neural Network Compilation Via Program Rewriting and Graph Optimization

DL compiler's primary function is to translate DNN programs written in high-level DL frameworks such as PyTorch and TensorFlow into portable executables. These executables can then be flexibly executed by the deployed host programs. However, existing DL compilers rely on a tracing mechanism, which involves feeding a runtime input to a neural network program and tracing the program execution paths to generate the computational graph necessary for compilation. Unfortunately, this mechanism falls short when dealing with modern dynamic neural networks (DyNNs) that possess varying computational graphs depending on the inputs. Consequently, conventional DL compilers struggle to accurately compile DyNNs into executable code. To address this limitation, we propose \tool, a general approach that enables any existing DL compiler to successfully compile DyNNs. \tool tackles the dynamic nature of DyNNs by introducing a compilation mechanism that redistributes the control and data flow of the original DNN programs during the compilation process. Specifically, \tool develops program analysis and program transformation techniques to convert a dynamic neural network into multiple sub-neural networks. Each sub-neural network is devoid of conditional statements and is compiled independently. Furthermore, \tool synthesizes a host module that models the control flow of the DyNNs and facilitates the invocation of the sub-neural networks. Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of \tool, achieving a 100\% success rate in compiling all dynamic neural networks. Moreover, the compiled executables generated by \tool exhibit significantly improved performance, running between $1.12\times$ and $20.21\times$ faster than the original DyNNs executed on general-purpose DL frameworks.

Topic: Machine Learning in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Promoting higher order thinking skills in biology: evaluation of a newly developed course using Bloom’s taxonomy.

We have recently designed and implemented a unique, large (1800 students/year) first year biological concepts of health course (BIOL*1080) aimed at promoting higher order thinking skills and attributes. Our course served as one of three courses that replaced two more traditional biology courses (BIOL*1030 and BIOL*1040) and incorporates seminar, lab and interdisciplinary assignments in an attempt to foster skills in areas such as oral and written communication, critical thinking, and independent learning. To determine if we were successful in designing a course centered on the teaching and assessment of higher order thinking skills, we ranked the course evaluative materials based on Bloom’s taxonomy (Zheng, A.Y., Science 319:414,2008). Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchical categorization of knowledge and thinking skills comprised of 6 levels (from lowest to highest): knowledge - 1, comprehension – 2, application – 3, analysis – 4, synthesis – 5, and evaluation – 6. Briefly, each exam question and assignment was scored by a team of 6 individuals with varying degrees of familiarity with the course. Scores per test/assignment were averaged and a weighted average was calculated for the entire course, with a higher weighted average representing assessment of a higher order of thinking. The average bloom level for our course was 3.28±0.15 which was significantly higher than one of the more traditional biology courses (BIOL*1030 – 1.93±0.08 ) but not the second course (BIOL*1040 – 2.95±0.17). The blooming exercise provided a useful metric to assess the level of higher order thinking required for newly developed courses and allowed for comparisons between courses to be objective.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“I’ve Always Spoke Like This, You See”: Preterite-to-Participle Leveling in American and British Englishes

Some English verbs use distinct forms for the preterite (i.e., simple past; e.g., I broke the door) and the past participle (e.g., I’ve broken the door). These verbs may variably show use of the preterite form in place of the participle (e.g., I’ve broke the door), which the authors call participle leveling. This article contributes the first detailed variationist study of participle leveling by investigating the phenomenon in perfect constructions using data collected from three corpora of conversational speech: two of American English and one of British English. A striking degree of similarity is found between the three corpora in both the linguistic and the extralinguistic constraints on variation. Constraints on participle leveling include tense of the perfect construction, verb frequency, and phonological similarity between preterite and participle forms. The variable is stable in real time and socially stratified. The article relates the findings to theoretical linguistic treatments of the variation and to questions of its origin and spread in Englishes transatlantically.

Topic: Linguistic Variation and Morphology
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Deaf Children’s Acquisition of Modal Terms

While it is important to continue to study cognitive development in children, we can never fully understand how children construe their worlds. Certain linguistic competencies, however, do provide a window into the child’s developing mind and therefore contribute to the overall understanding of child development. Mastery in the use of modal terms (e.g. “have to,” “should,” “can”) is a major linguistic feat, one that suggests much about a child’s cognitive development and social awareness. This chapter explores the emergence of modal terms in deaf children. It focuses primarily on two types of modality: agent-oriented and epistemic. Agent-oriented modals describe conditions placed on main clause agents (e.g. “John must go to the doctor”), while epistemic modals convey the speaker’s beliefs regarding the truth of a proposition (“John could be at the doctor”).

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Estimation of the utilization rates of the resources of a dental clinic by simulation

This study aimed to calculate the resource utilization rates, patient length of stay, and patient waiting times of a small-scale dental clinic using the discrete-event simulation (DES) technique.Dentists, orthodontists, assistants, clerks, beds, triage areas were considered dental clinical resources in this study.In contrast to the traditional doctor-patient contact calculation of healthcare resource efficiencies, clinical resource efficiencies were calculated using the DES technique.Since the patient's arrival both with and without an appointment, the patient arrival times were calculated with a uniform distribution.According to actual data, 100 patients were treated per day on average, while the number of patients treated by the dentists and orthodontists was simulated as 105 in the simulation model.The utilization rate of the dentists, orthodontists, assistants, and clerks were computed as 65.5%, 77.5%, 35.5%, and 45%, respectively.The beds reserved for dentists, the beds for orthodontists, the triage locations used by assistants, and the registry office where clerks work have a utilization rate of 68.25%, 89.5%, 31.0%, and 99.0%, respectively.The time a patient must spend in the clinic for treatment was calculated a maximum of 155.51 minutes and a minimum of 41.68 minutes.A patient waits an average of 15.45 minutes to complete the dental treatment in this clinic.Patients wait 15.81 minutes for an available staff member and 15.1 minutes for an available location to receive dental treatment.We presented this study as the best example for the dental clinics to provide results that should be obtained in a short time and at a low cost.

Topic: Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparing maize storage technologies for managing post-harvest loss in Bako, Ethiopia

Ethiopian stored maize is expected to lose between 20 and 30% of its stock due to insect damage. To reduce these losses, Ethiopian farmers use chemically treated traditional storage structures and chemical-free Hermetic Storage Technologies (HSTs). We evaluated the storage techniques used in the area in this study. SPSS software was used to analyse the collected data, and mean differences were compared. The findings showed that after nine months of storage, maize stored in plastic containers, Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, chemically treated polypropylene bags, and chemically treated Goteras had grain damage of 4.83%, 5.65%, 56.83%, and 71.06%, respectively; the weight loss was 2.00%, 2.95%, 37.44%, and 56.87%. The percentage germination of maize grains stored in treated polypropylene bags and Goteras decreased from 55.33% to 48.48%, whereas maize contained in plastic containers and PICS bags dropped only slightly and was 98.83% and 95.80%, respectively. Insect development, maize grain damage, and weight loss were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) for plastic containers, PICS bags, chemically treated polypropylene bags, and treated Goteras. As a result, secure maize storage technology, such as hermetic storage technology, may alleviate poverty by increasing household income.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New research finds overlap between ADHD and reading disabilities in children

New research has found that attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disability frequently occur together in children ( bit.ly/4i5LEKO ). The study was conducted by Erik Wilcutt, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder, and Stephen Petrill, a professor in the Department of Psychology at Ohio State University. Their research highlights how these co‐occurring conditions complicate diagnosis, treatment, and long‐term outcomes, urging a reevaluation of how clinicians approach childhood developmental challenges.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spontaneous CP Violation in next to minimal renormalizable SUSY SO(10)

The minimal renormalizable SUSY SO(10) model is a very compact and predictive theory. It was very popular till one realized that it cannot account for the masses of the neutrinos. The best cure to this problem is to add the 120 Higgs representaion, the 'next to minimal' version. To reduce the number of free parameters, it was suggested in recent papers to use only real parameters in the superpotential and induce CP violation via complex VEVs. This is what one usually calls 'spontaneous CP violation'. The number of free parameters turned out, then, to be even smaller than in the original minimal model and good fits to all known masses and mixings were obtained. Out of those papers only that of Aulakh and Garg discusses how CP is spontaneously violated. Some heavy MSSM singlet VEVs generate a phase at high scale and CP violationis carried down to the CKM matrix by the mixing of the scalar MSSM doublets. They study the model in great detail and give a large set of solutions. As a proof of principle, two of the solutions are shown to induce realistic phenomenological fits. It is not clear, however, how the right physical solution is obtained. I study the way solutions for spontaneous CP violation affect the scalar potential. The one that gives the lowest minimum of the potential, in terms of a given set of parameters, is the right physical one. In the way of doing so, I will prove that complex MSSM singlet VEVs lead actually to lower minima than the real (CP conserving) ones. This proves that CP is spontaneously violated in this model.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
English Language Teachers’ Perspective of Using L1 in TEFL Class

The research discussed the using the first language in teaching a foreign language that had been a debate for language teaching practitioners for decades in language acquisition. The debate was about whether it was all right to use it in a foreign language class or not and how it affected the students’ learning process and result. Because of the pro and cons of using the first language in teaching a foreign language, the research was conducted to find out the use of the first language in teaching English as a foreign language. The research aimed to discover to what extent and in which instances L1 was used by the teachers in their English teaching class in terms of the teaching stages, including pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching in the classroom. The research also searched teachers’ perspectives and reasons for using L1 in their English class. Moreover, the research used a qualitative method to gathered information from the participants. The participants were four English teachers who taught English at senior high school in Bandung-West Java province, Majalengka-West Java province, Pangkal Pinang- Bangka Province, and Kuok-Riau Province. The collections of the data were questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that most teachers use Indonesian as L1 in the whilst-teaching stage when they deliver the materials. They use L1 to clarify the students’ understanding of the materials given and explain English language concepts, grammatical concepts, and difficult words. They argue that using L1 helps both teachers and students in teaching and learning English as a foreign language.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Speed and point-to-point control for trajectory tracking of a Skid-Steered Mobile Robot

This paper presents the development of a motion control scheme of a Skid-Steered Mobile Robot (SSMR). The System Architecture used in this work consists in four systems: Trajectory Tracking, Point-to-Point Control, Speed Control and Pose Estimation. These four systems work together to perform autonomous navigation. The Speed Control System consists in a digitally designed R-S-T control, for both the left and right side of the mobile robot. This configuration allows to obtain similar transient responses, ensuring the achieving of the reference speed. Using wheel encoders and an IMU, the Pose Estimation System obtains the pose of the robot, based on the kinematics. The Point-to-Point and the Trajectory Tracking System provide the robot with the necessary speeds each side must execute, in order to reach the desired coordinated points. Experimental results on a real world robotic platform show the reliability of the method to perform trajectory tracking.

Topic: Control and Dynamics of Mobile Robots
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE THEORY OF WARRANTY CONTRACTS

Abstract. This paper surveys theories of the existence and design of warranty contracts. Insurance, signalling, and incentive motives are used to explain the existence of warranties. The incorporation of imperfections that prevent warranties from serving their basic purposes in a first‐best way describes actual warranty practices.

Topic: Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Interleukin-6 inhibition attenuates hypertension and associated renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Immune cells in the kidney are implicated in the development of hypertension and renal damage in the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat. Interestingly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA is 54-fold higher in T-lymphocytes isolated from the kidney compared with circulating T-lymphocytes. The present experiments assessed the role of IL-6 in the development of SS hypertension by treating rats ( n = 13–14/group) with an IL-6 neutralizing antibody or normal IgG during an 11-day period of high-salt (4.0% NaCl chow) intake. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urine albumin excretion rates (Ualb) were not different between the groups fed low salt (0.4% NaCl). Following 11 days of drug treatment and high salt, however, the rats receiving anti-IL-6 demonstrated a 47% reduction of IL-6 in the renal medulla compared with control SS. Moreover, the increase in MAP following 11 days of high-NaCl intake was significantly attenuated in SS administered anti-IL-6 compared with the control group (138 ± 3 vs. 149 ± 3 mmHg) as was the salt-induced increase in Ualb and glomerular and tubular damage. To investigate potential mechanisms of action, a flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the kidney ( n = 8–9/group) demonstrated that the total number of monocytes and macrophages was significantly lower in the treatment vs. the control group. The total number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the kidneys was not different between groups. These studies indicate that IL-6 production may participate in the development of SS hypertension and end-organ damage by mediating increased infiltration or proliferation of macrophages into the kidney.

Topic: Sodium Intake and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Guidance on Safety/Health for Process Intensification Including MS Design. Part III: Risk Analysis

Abstract The new technology of process intensification by multiscale equipment can significantly contribute to achieve a safer design by going from batch/semi‐batch to continuous operation combined with a reduction of inventory of hazardous substances in critical stages. On the other hand, the shift to higher space‐time‐yields comprises new risks such as runaway reactions with hot spot formation, described in Part I, and handling an explosive atmosphere in the presence of potential permanent ignition sources, described in Part II. A tool was developed for preliminary risk assessments, called HAZOP‐LIKE study, to cover the characteristic features of micro‐designed equipment that are relatively unimportant when handling conventional equipment. Two generic cases concerning liquid/liquid and gas/gas reactions were studied to demonstrate the method.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantitative approaches to physical ergonomic issues encountered while assessing workplace designs

Ergonomic and design practitioners routinely make assessments of the appropriateness of a workspace. For example, practitioners must answer questions such as: “will the user be at risk of injury, is the space high enough, wide enough and deep enough to accommodate the intended users, does the design facilitate user performance”? Such assessments must include examination of the characteristics of both the work that is to be performed and the users’ capabilities and preferences in order to make conclusions regarding safety and facilitation of users’ performance. The nature of these assessments varies. They may be subjective; as an example, a practitioner may feel that a design requires too much repetitive motion or is too small to accommodate all of the intended users. The assessments may be based on tools that appear to be quantitative, for example, checklists for work related musculoskeletal disorders, reference to tables of anthropometric percentile data or on reviews of the appropriate technical literature. All these assessment methds require a conclusion regarding the appropriateness of the design; however, the quantitative basis of the conclusions is often unknown or unreliable. For example, the predictive validity of a checklist may not be known or limited anthropometric data may force the practitioner to combine percentiles by addition or subtraction, a practice known to lead to error. In this dissertation, quantitative methods suitable for use by practitioners are developed to address these issues. A method of dynamically calculating the predictive validity of checklists is introduced, as is a method for more accurately combining anthropometric data when only percentile data are available. Finally a method of determining user performance and preferences analogous to a “fitting trial” is used in order to quantitatively resolve a situation where previous research suggests contradictory design criteria.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrated financial management information systems and quality of budgetary control practices by the county government of Siaya, Kenya

This research study was based on the purpose of investigating integrated financial management information system and budgetary control practices by the county government of Siaya. The main objective is directed towards determining the impacts of IFMIS on quality of budgetary control. The study is of great significance to the Policy/decision as recommendations on some best practices that can be adapted for effective budgetary control using IFMIS. It also offers a chance for considerations on strategic policy related to the power and influence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Kenya. This study also gives insights to the county, national government and institutions on how they can form a foundation for enhancing budgetary control using IFMIS. Descriptive Research Design was considered for adoption in the study. Data collection was a primary data collected directly from respondents through questionnaires. Data analysis was done based on descriptive statistics to compute the percentages of outcomes tables to show the outcomes of extent of adoption of IFMIS together with its challenges and budgetary control within Siaya County Government. The study revealed that budget tracking, monitoring of expenditure and minimized fraud are the major factors that influence budgetary control as the summary table reveal that 98% of the factors can be explained by this study. Therefore, it means that these factors conclusively have a significant impact on budgetary control in Siaya county government. This study recommended total adoptions of IFMIS not only in Siaya County headquarter but also the sub- counties all over Siaya as it being in the county has reduced wastages tremendously. The study further recommended that other research conducted in future to go in-depth with the aim of establishing those other factors that have not been explained by this study. Such studies findings will enable the stakeholders to control these factors and ensure effective budgetary control.

Topic: Historical Studies in Central America
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences