jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards analyzing the potential of exosomes to deliver microRNA therapeutics

Abstract Exosome selectivity mechanisms underlying exosome–target cell interactions and the specific traits affecting their capability to communicate still remain unclear. Moreover, the capacity of exosomes to efficiently deliver their molecular cargos intracellularly needs precise investigation towards establishing functional exosome‐based delivery platforms exploitable in the clinical practice. The current study focuses on: (a) exosome production from normal MRC‐5 and Vero cells growing in culture, (b) physicochemical characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo‐transmission electron microscopy; (c) cellular uptake studies of rhodamine‐labeled exosomes in normal and cancer cells, providing to exosomes either “autologous” or “heterologous” cellular delivery environments; and (d) loading exogenous Alexa Fluor 488‐labeled siRNA into exosomes for the assessment of their delivering capacity by immunofluorescence in a panel of recipient cells. The data obtained thus far indicate that MRC‐5 and Vero exosomes, indeed exhibit an interesting delivering profile, as promising “bio‐shuttles,” being pharmacologically exploitable in the context of theranostic applications.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Three new polyhydroxylated sterols with the 5.beta.-configuration from the sponge Dysidea etheria

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree new polyhydroxylated sterols with the 5.beta.-configuration from the sponge Dysidea etheriaRobert R. West and John H. Cardellina IICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3234–3236Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Fe Based Hard Coating Containing Cr and Nb

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The present work has the objective to quantify and evaluate abrasive wear resistance of a hard coating. It is obtained by weld deposition of an iron based alloy containing Cr and Nb as carbide forming elements, and to compare it to wear resistance of a heat treated SAE &lt;a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/5160" target="_blank"&gt;5160&lt;/a&gt; steel, normally used for agricultural equipment. Wear resistance was determined from two body and a three body abrasion tests using pin abrasion test equipment and a rubber wheel abrasion test, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trained Integrated Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Correlate with Hypertrophy in Young Males and Females

ABSTRACT Purpose Resistance training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the summated effects of postexercise elevations in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) that persist for up to 48 h, although research in females is currently lacking. MyoPS is regulated by mTOR translocation and colocalization; however, the effects of resistance training on these intracellular processes are unknown. We hypothesized that MyoPS would correlate with hypertrophy only after training in both sexes and would be associated with intracellular redistribution of mTOR. Methods Recreationally active males and females ( n = 10 each) underwent 8 wk of whole-body resistance exercise three times a week. Fasted muscle biopsies were obtained immediately before (REST) and 24 and 48 h after acute resistance exercise in the untrained (UT) and trained (T) states to determine integrated MyoPS over 48 h (D 2 O ingestion) and intracellular mTOR colocalization (immunofluorescence microscopy). Results Training increased ( P &lt; 0.01) muscle strength (~20%–126%), muscle thickness (~8%–11%), and average fiber cross-sectional area (~15%–20%). MyoPS increased above REST in UT ( P = 0.032) and T ( P &lt; 0.01), but to a greater extent in males (~23%; P = 0.023), and was positively ( P &lt; 0.01) associated with muscle thickness and fiber cross-sectional area at T only in both males and females. mTOR colocalization with the cell periphery increased ( P &lt; 0.01) in T, irrespective of sex or acute exercise. Training increased ( P ≤ 0.043) total mTOR, LAMP2 (lysosomal marker), and their colocalization ( P &lt; 0.01), although their colocalization was greater in males at 24 and 48 h independent of training status ( P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions MyoPS during prolonged recovery from exercise is greater in males but related to muscle hypertrophy regardless of sex only in the trained state, which may be underpinned by altered mTOR localization.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enterprise Architecture management challenges in the Norwegian health sector

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is instrumental to align ICT and business strategy, and many organizations carry out substantial efforts to implement EA. It is therefore seen as imperative to drive the digital strategy, identifying innovative new business models and technologies, and realizing more business value of technology investments. However, recent work suggest that it is a challenging task to implement enterprise architecture in an organization. This study explores the implementation of enterprise architecture (EA) in the Norwegian health sector. We found a number of challenges that impeded the process toward a common EA: unclear enterprise architecture roles, ineffective communication, low EA maturity and commitment, and complicated EA tools. These challenges were traced to three root causes: the ambiguity of the EA concept, difficult EA terminology and the complexity of EA frameworks.

Topic: Information Technology Governance and Strategy
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;p class="HeadingRunIn"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parasitic infestation in a female of &lt;em&gt;Micropterna nycterobia&lt;/em&gt; McLachlan 1875 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) found in Monte Cucco cave ( central Italy)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

In this study, parasitosis due to Ophryoglena sp. (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) in a Micropterna nycterobia (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) female is described. The trichopteran was found on 31 October 2002 in a cave, named "Grotta di Monte Cucco," in Central Italy. The specimen, observed in vivo under the stereomicroscope, showed that its abdomen was packed with the ciliate. This parasite had fed on gonads, muscles and fat body of the host, thus confirming the role of Ophryoglena as a parasitic spayer. Different stages of development of the parasite were also detected. The interaction of the parasite with host tissues was investigated by means of light and electron microscopy.

Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review on the Fundamental Aspects of Petroleum Oil Emulsions and Techniques of Demulsification

This review is aimed to introduce a comprehensive survey on the most prominent and sustainable techniques and methods that could abate the environmental worries as well as financial insecurities in treating petroleum emulsions, since the existence of water is not desired because of the paramount troubles it may cause on the processing streamlines, as well as financial cost associated with transporting water mixed with petroleum.Currently, the most commonly used method for treating petroleum emulsion is the application of chemical additives, known as demulsifiers.Althogh, there are many other methods that are claimed to be more favorable from economic and environmental perspectives, yet, have not being fully put into real life practice, because of the drawbacks and disadvantages.In this review, several techniques have been surveyed including, chemical, electrical, membrane, centrifuge, bacteria, air floatation, ultrasonic, and microwave.Based on this Theoretical survey, silcone based demulsifiers were reported to be very effective and environmental friendly, but expensive.Also microwave and ultrasonics were reported to be very effective in treating petroleum emulsion and could be recommended as future ulternatives for treating petroleum emulsions.

Topic: Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of a Phenotypic Algorithm to Direct Carbapenemase Testing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Validation in a Multicenter German Cohort

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a prominent nosocomial pathogen. Detection of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa is vital to dictate antimicrobial therapy and infection control measures. A pragmatic, minimum inhibitory concentration-based algorithm using imipenem AND meropenem-resistant plus ceftazidime-, cefepime-, and piperacillin/tazobactam-nonsusceptible criterion was derived to guide carbapenemase testing in P. aeruginosa. This study was an assessment of the algorithm's test performance in a cohort of 985 nonduplicate P. aeruginosa isolates collected from 20 German medical laboratories. Susceptibility data were assessed in the algorithm using both Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) interpretations. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate algorithm test performance. The original algorithm criteria resulted in high specificity (95-97%) using both CLSI and EUCAST criteria; however, it failed to capture five carbapenemase-harboring isolates testing piperacillin/tazobactam susceptibility (CLSI/EUCAST). Two carbapenemase-producing isolates were also meropenem susceptible per EUCAST. A modified algorithm utilizing imipenem OR meropenem-resistant plus ceftazidime and cefepime nonsusceptible, improved the sensitivity of the criteria without significantly compromising specificity (CLSI sensitivity/specificity: 96%/94% and EUCAST sensitivity/specificity: 96%/95%). Application of the modified algorithm criteria resulted in high sensitivity and specificity using both CLSI and EUCAST interpretations in a large cohort of clinical P. aeruginosa. Utilization of this algorithm can improve the efficiency of carbapenemase testing in the clinical laboratory.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Local wavelet correlation: applicationto timing analysis of multi-satellite CLUSTER data

Abstract. Multi-spacecraft space observations, such as those of CLUSTER, can be used to infer information about local plasma structures by exploiting the timing differences between subsequent encounters of these structures by individual satellites. We introduce a novel wavelet-based technique, the Local Wavelet Correlation (LWC), which allows one to match the corresponding signatures of large-scale structures in the data from multiple spacecraft and determine the relative time shifts between the crossings. The LWC is especially suitable for analysis of strongly non-stationary time series, where it enables one to estimate the time lags in a more robust and systematic way than ordinary cross-correlation techniques. The technique, together with its properties and some examples of its application to timing analysis of bow shock and magnetopause crossing observed by CLUSTER, are presented. We also compare the performance and reliability of the technique with classical discontinuity analysis methods. Key words. Radio science (signal processing) – Space plasma physics (discontinuities; instruments and techniques)

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occupational risk model for offshore oil and gas operations

The rapid expansion of the offshore oil and gas activities into deeper waters and harsher
environments has burden the industry with taking higher risks for developing fields. The
lessons learned from past major accidents have shaped the today’s health, safety and
operational requirements of the industry. Major efforts have been invested in
development of analytical approaches to address occupational accidents of catastrophic
proportions (high-severity, low-frequency). However, there is a lack of similar tools for
accidents characterized as low-severity, high-frequency, which impose similar risks.
To address this gap, the Attwood's reliability model (Attwood 2006) which was originally
developed for the quantification of occupational accidents in the oil and gas industry has
been revised and enhanced from a deterministic framework to a probabilistic approach.
In addition, Attwood's model was extended to be used as an occupational risk estimation
tool. The following important modifications were made: development of a probabilistic
approach and use of Monte Carlo simulation, development of appropriate model
calibration procedures, implementation of mathematical, computational codes and
statistical tools, modification of expert survey analysis and finally, risk estimation. The
final product is a useful tool for: prediction of occupational accidents likelihood on a
specific offshore platform, estimation of accident rate, allocator of resources to specific
key entities of the model to produce optimal safety results as well as occupational risk
estimator. At the end, recommendations are provided to further advance the state-of-theart.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibody-drug conjugate adverse effects can be understood and addressed based on immune complex clearance mechanisms

Abstract Numerous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being developed for cancer immunotherapy. Although several of these agents have demonstrated considerable clinical efficacy and have won Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, in many instances, they have been characterized by adverse side effects (ASEs), which can be quite severe in a fraction of treated patients. The key hypothesis in this perspective is that many of the most serious ASEs associated with the use of ADCs in the treatment of cancer can be most readily explained and understood due to the inappropriate processing of these ADCs via pathways normally followed for immune complex clearance, which include phagocytosis and trogocytosis. We review the key published basic science experiments and clinical observations that support this idea. We propose that it is the interaction of the ADC with Fcγ receptors expressed on off-target cells and tissues that can most readily explain ADC-mediated pathologies, which therefore provides a rationale for the design of protocols to minimize ASEs. We describe measurements that should help identify those patients most likely to experience ASE due to ADC, and we propose readily available treatments as well as therapies under development for other indications that should substantially reduce ASE associated with ADC. Our focus will be on the following FDA-approved ADC for which there are substantial literatures: gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin; and trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microscopic Polyangiitis as a Multidisciplinary Problem (Literature Review and Case Report)

Microscopic polyangiitis is a necrotizing vasculitis characterized by systemic involvement of capillaries, venules, and arterioles. The average age of patients at the time of microscopic polyangiitis verification is 42 (51-65) years. Almost all patients with microscopic polyangiitis have antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Antibodies to myeloperoxidase are more common than antibodies to proteinase-3. The disease is most commonly characterized by involvement of small vessels in the kidneys and lungs, as well as a high frequency of end-stage chronic kidney disease and mortality. Patients with microscopic polyangiitis have a low risk of exacerbation and a low frequency of arterial hypertension despite renal involvement. The article discusses the clinical spectrum of organ involvement in microscopic polyangiitis and presents a case description of a 39-year-old woman with renal, lung, and heart involvement against the background of concomitant bronchiectatic disease. High titers of myeloperoxidase antibodies were detected in the enzyme immunoassay. Patient R., 39 years old, was diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis on August 31, 2021, and died on June 28, 2024, with a disease duration of 35 months (147 weeks, 3 years).

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Erdoğans "New Turkey": restoring the authoritarian state in the name of democracy

European and American commentators warn that Turkey is drifting back into authoritarianism, citing excessive police violence against demonstrators, restrictions on freedom of the press and internet, government interference in the judiciary, purges in the bureaucracy, and an anti-European policy shift. They note with astonishment that former prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was able to win the presidency on an increased share of the vote despite credible accusations of corruption, strife within the conservative camp and foreign policy failures. Erdoğan himself speaks of the "New Turkey" having succeeded the old, authoritarian Kemalist republic and brought forth a progressive democracy. How broad is support for Erdoğan's Justice and Development Party (AKP) across society? What can be expected of the new government? How fundamental is the reconstruction of the political system, and what does the it mean for the future of democracy? How can and should Europe respond? (SWP Comments)

Topic: Turkey's Politics and Society
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative chemical composition and bioactivity of leaves essential oils from nine Sicilian accessions of <i>Myrtus communis</i> L.

In this study, the essential oils obtained from the leaves of Myrtus communis L. stored in a collection orchard located at the experimental station 'Orleans' of the Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences of the University of Palermo (Italy) were investigated. The essential oils, analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, limonene and myrtenyl acetate as dominant constituents. The neuroprotective effects of M. communis essential oils were investigated by analysing the antioxidant properties and cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) inhibitory activity. Essential oils from Scopello accession possessed a promising radical scavenging potential with IC50 values of 71.4 and 75.9 mu g/mL for EO1 and EO2, respectively. Essential oil from Monte Pellegrino (EO5) showed the highest cholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 96.0 and 87.9 mu g/mL for AChE and BChE, respectively. Significant result was obtained also with EO1 against the BChE (IC50 of 77.8 mu g/mL). Data on essential oil together with antioxidant effects were used as variables to set a matrix for statistical analysis. Results suggest that M. communis leaves EO could be potentially used in pharmaceutical field.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of molasses concentration and anoxic-aerobic react period in biodecolorization and mineralization of tartrazine (acid yellow 23)

Dyes are widely used in the textile industry and 10–15% of these dyes are lost to effluent during the dyeing process. Dye reduction usually requires anaerobic or anoxic conditions, whereas bacterial biodegradation of aromatic amines is an exclusively aerobic process. Despite of its feasibility, increase efficiency of anaerobic color removal requires fast reductive processes with electron donor (organic co-substrate) which is usually the drawbacks of conventional biological process. The present study focuses on the evaluation of molasses concentration and anoxicaerobic react period in biodecolorization and mineralization of tartrazine under integrated anoxic-aerobic react sequencing batch reactor (IAASBR). The IAASBR system was operated under anoxic-aerobic condition with 24 hours per cycle. Different molasses loading (0.5 g/L; 1.0 g/L) and anoxic/aerobic react periods (17/4 hours; 12.5/8.5 hours) were adopted, and their effects on microorganism growth, tartrazine decolorization and COD removal were determined. Removal efficiency of tartrazine dye and COD increased to around 50–70% and up to 95%, respectively, after the molasses concentration doubled from 0.5 g/L to 1.0 g/L. The MLVSS also increased from 3660 mg/L to 7700 mg/L. The presence of molasses promote the growth of biomass in the IAASBR system and improve the treatment efficiency of IAASBR in biodecolorization and mineralization of tartrazine. In addition, shorter anoxic react (12.5/8.5 hours anoxic/aerobic) exhibited higher COD reduction (up to 94.00 mg COD/L.hr) compared to 71.93 mg COD/L.hr for 17/4 hours anoxic/aerobic period. However, for biodecolorization of tartrazine dye, influence of the anoxic-aerobic react duration was insignificant but more consistent tartrazine removal was observed under 12.5/8.5 hours anoxic/aerobic period.

Topic: Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences