jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pigeon pea ( <i>Cajanus cajan</i> ) as an autumn forage for coastal New South Wales

Six experiments were carried out at Camden, New South Wales (latitude 34¦S), over 5 years, 1973-74 to 1977-78, to evaluate pigeon pea as a potential annual legume forage for autumn use in coastal New South Wales. Three cultivar tests were made with a limited range of material from the University of Queensland collection. The cultivars UQ38 and UQ50 were the most satisfactory. A plant population study with UQ38 and UQ50 gave population response curves for total dry matter yield of the form Y = a-bcx, with near maximum yields at 5-6 plants m-2. A time of sowing experiment with UQ50 indicated that to achieve maximum leaf yield at the end of April, sowing could be made as late as early November. A defoliation study with UQ50 showed pigeon pea to be susceptible to mid-season cutting: minimum total yields (first cut plus recovery) were obtained by cutting 12 or 15 weeks after sowing. Two experiments involving periodic sampling in autumn and early winter, together with results from the defoliation study, indicated that pigeon pea could only be utilized satisfactorily for grazing from March to May inclusive. It is concluded that pigeon pea has some potential as an autumn forage. Its main disadvantages are the need for high weed control inputs, a consequence of its slow early growth, and the limited period over which it could be usefully grazed.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The gut microbiota as a link between Alzheimer’s disease and obesity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease that causes a progressive decline in memory and thinking skills. Over the past few years, diverse studies have shown that there is no single cause of AD; instead, it has been reported that factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, it has been shown that obesity during middle age is one of the most prominent modifiable risk factors for AD. Of the multiple potential mechanisms linking obesity and AD, the gut microbiota (GM) has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, the underlying mechanisms that connect the GM with the process of neurodegeneration remain unclear. Through this narrative review, we present a comprehensive understanding of how alterations in the GM of people with obesity may result in systemic inflammation and affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of AD. We conclude with an analysis of the relationship between GM and insulin resistance, a risk factor for AD that is highly prevalent in people with obesity. Understanding the crosstalk between obesity, GM, and the pathogenesis of AD will help to design new strategies aimed at preventing neurodegeneration.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rendimiento reproductivo de hembras de Cryphiops caementarius (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) mantenidas con alimento natural

The aim was to determine the reproductive performance of females of C. caementarius maintained with natural food. Twenty four females inmature were used (5,2 cm and 2,0 g), conditioned in eight aquarium (50 l) and fed during two months according to each treatment, with giant squid (Dosidicus sp), clam (Semele solid), polychaete (Pseudonereis sp.) and with balanced. The reproductive performance of females was improved when fed with polychaete and giant squid, achieving maturation between 16 to 18 days with higher fecundity (2627 and 1378 eggs g-1) and fertility (2566 and 1364 larvae g-1, respectively).

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Polycycles from Propargylic Compounds with Terminal Alkynes via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem C—H Activation/Biscyclization Process.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermodynamics of polynuclear aromatic molecules. III. Heat capacities and enthalpies of fusion of anthracene

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of polynuclear aromatic molecules. III. Heat capacities and enthalpies of fusion of anthracenePaul Goursot, Harbans L. Girdhar, and Edgar F. Westrum Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 12, 2538–2541Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100706a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100706a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of DNA Barcode Sequences for Distinguishing the Three Species in the Arctic Warbler (<i>Phylloscopus borealis</i>) Species Complex.

he Arctic warbler (<i>Phylloscopus borealis</i>) species complex is commonly present in the Palearctic region. By 2014, the three bird subspecies were split into three species, Arctic warbler (<i>P. borealis</i>), Japanese leaf warbler (<i>P. xanthodryas</i>), and Kamchatka leaf warbler (<i>P. examinandus</i>), based on different breeding areas and distinct vocalizations. However, their similar coloration and body size make it difficult to distinguish these species in the nonbreeding season. Taiwan is located in the potential migration routes of the Arctic warbler species complex; however, no confirmed record of <i>P. xanthodryas</i> and <i>P. examinandus</i> exists. In this study, we compared the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of samples from breeding sites during the breeding season and confirmed that the three species could be distinguished based on CO1 gene sequences. We also examined the species of the Arctic warbler species complex samples collected from eastern Taiwan. For the first time, we confirmed that all three species visited Taiwan during migration season. In the Taiwanese samples, no clear distinction could be made between species based on plumage coloration and size, indicating that these traits are not reliable for species identification. Reassessment of the CO1 gene sequences of the three species deposited in the Barcode of Life Data System revealed that the taxonomic status needs to be updated for 31.8% of the samples.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
VISUALISING UNDERPAINTED LAYERS VIA SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES: A BRIEF REVIEW OF CASE STUDIES

Paintings, mostly due to deteriorations, are sometimes repainted, concealing in underlayers important features, dates, names and other information. Conservators are facing dilemmas as to whether to preserve these interventions and retrieve valuable hidden information, but in the last decades the evolution of spectroscopic techniques has contributed to such uncertainties. The current brief review explains the intentional repaint and presents the techniques used around the world to visualize the underpainting layers, and how these techniques have developed from a simple X-Ray radiography and an infrared (IR) photography to mobile devices with great imaging capabilities. Case studies include Byzantine icons and oil paintings.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Growth of Metamorphic InGaAs on GaAs (111)A: Counteracting\nLattice Mismatch by Inserting a Thin InAs Interlayer

We\nhave successfully grown high quality In&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;1–&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;As metamorphic layer\non GaAs (111)­A using molecular beam epitaxy. Inserting a thin 3.0–7.1\nmonolayer (ML) InAs interlayer between the In&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;0.75&lt;/sub&gt;As and GaAs allowed the formation of a nearly lattice-relaxed\nIn&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;0.75&lt;/sub&gt;As with a very flat upper surface.\nHowever, when the thickness of the inserted InAs is thinner or thicker\nthan these values, we observed degradation of crystal quality and/or\nsurface morphology. We also revealed this technique to be applicable\nto the formation of a high quality metamorphic In&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;1–&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;As layer with a range\nof In compositions (0.25 ≤ &lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.78)\non GaAs (111)­A. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscope\nstudies revealed that misfit dislocations formed only at the interface\nof InAs and GaAs, not at the interface of In&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;0.75&lt;/sub&gt;As and InAs. From the dislocation density analysis, it\nis suggested that the dislocation density was decreased by growing\nIn&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;0.75&lt;/sub&gt;As on InAs, which effectively contribute\nthe strain relaxation of In&lt;sub&gt;0.25&lt;/sub&gt;Ga&lt;sub&gt;0.75&lt;/sub&gt;As. The\nInGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells that were formed on the metamorphic layers\nexhibit clear photoluminescence emissions up to room temperature.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder

Abstract Much of the controversy over the causes of electro-hypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) lies in the absence of both recognized clinical criteria and objective biomarkers for widely accepted diagnosis. Since 2009, we have prospectively investigated, clinically and biologically, 1216 consecutive EHS and/or MCS-self reporting cases, in an attempt to answer both questions. We report here our preliminary data, based on 727 evaluable of 839 enrolled cases: 521 (71.6%) were diagnosed with EHS, 52 (7.2%) with MCS, and 154 (21.2%) with both EHS and MCS. Two out of three patients with EHS and/or MCS were female; mean age (years) was 47. As inflammation appears to be a key process resulting from electromagnetic field (EMF) and/or chemical effects on tissues, and histamine release is potentially a major mediator of inflammation, we systematically measured histamine in the blood of patients. Near 40% had a increase in histaminemia (especially when both conditions were present), indicating a chronic inflammatory response can be detected in these patients. Oxidative stress is part of inflammation and is a key contributor to damage and response. Nitrotyrosin, a marker of both peroxynitrite (ONOO°-) production and opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was increased in 28% the cases. Protein S100B, another marker of BBB opening was increased in 15%. Circulating autoantibodies against O-myelin were detected in 23%, indicating EHS and MCS may be associated with autoimmune response. Confirming animal experiments showing the increase of Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 chaperone proteins under the influence of EMF, we found increased Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 in 33% of the patients. As most patients reported chronic insomnia and fatigue, we determined the 24 h urine 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS)/creatinin ratio and found it was decreased (&lt;0.8) in all investigated cases. Finally, considering the self-reported symptoms of EHS and MCS, we serially measured the brain blood flow (BBF) in the temporal lobes of each case with pulsed cerebral ultrasound computed tomosphygmography. Both disorders were associated with hypoperfusion in the capsulothalamic area, suggesting that the inflammatory process involve the limbic system and the thalamus. Our data strongly suggest that EHS and MCS can be objectively characterized and routinely diagnosed by commercially available simple tests. Both disorders appear to involve inflammation-related hyper-histaminemia, oxidative stress, autoimmune response, capsulothalamic hypoperfusion and BBB opening, and a deficit in melatonin metabolic availability; suggesting a risk of chronic neurodegenerative disease. Finally the common co-occurrence of EHS and MCS strongly suggests a common pathological mechanism.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supercritical Water Biomass Gasification Process As a Successful Solution to Valorize Wine Distillery Wastewaters

The biomass is the whole organic matter of vegetable or animal origin. This material can be valorized in various ways: it can be used by manufacturers (lumber, paper, and biochemistry); it can be used as energy (heat, electricity, and fuel); and it can be used as food or in cosmetics. Various processes are nowadays used to valorize biomass. This work deals with the potentialities of the biomass gasification in supercritical water. The objective is to demonstrate the potentiality of this process to treat some aqueous waste from distillery to obtain a syngas with a high hydrogen yield. The bioresources of this study come from some agricultural alcohol (beet, sugar cane, and cereal) and wine-producing distilleries. Experiments have been carried out at different conversion severities, using a 100 mL batch reactor, during 0-60 min, at a pressure of 25 MPa and at temperatures between 400 and 500 °C. Complete product analyses will be presented. Particularly detailed gas analyses have been performed. The sodium and potassium behaviors during the process have been accurately studied as a function of the substrate. Correlations between the experimental operating conditions and these analyses will be discussed in order to determine optimal experimental conditions to gasify this specific biomass.

Topic: Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1881021: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Financial Management, Financial Problems And Marital Satisfaction Among Recently Married University Students

This study examined the widely held but largely untested belief that financial issues affect marital satisfaction. The sample consisted of student families at Utah State University. The questionnaire included the Frequency of Financial Management and Frequency of Financial Problems Scales and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Financial management behaviors and perceptions of how well finances were managed, as well as financial problems and perceived magnitude of financial problems were found to be significantly related to respondents' marital satisfaction. This study supported the relationship between finances and marital satisfaction by identifying that 15% of marital satisfaction was predicted by financial factors. These results must be viewed with caution since the sample consisted exclusively of young, low income couples married for a short time.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 in Sudanese patients diagnosed with malignant female reproductive tract tumors

Abstract Objectives Paired box protein-8 (PAX-8) immunohistochemical expression can be used as a diagnostic marker for epithelial cells tumors. This study aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 among Sudanese females diagnosed with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers between December 2017 and May 2019 by studying their Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks. Results Sixty patients diagnosed with female reproductive tract cancers were included who aged 58.7 ± 6.9 years (range, 43—71). Cervix was the most common cancer site in 51/60 (85%) patients. Regarding cancer stage, there was 17 (28%) and 14 (23%) of the study population had stage 3B and 2B, respectively. The histopathological diagnosis included 20 (44%), 13 (29%), and 12 (27%) poorly, moderately, and well differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 11 (73%), 2 (13%), 1 (7%), and 1 (7%) endometrial adenocarcinoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, and ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, respectively. PAX-8 was positively expressed in 9 endometrial adenocarcinoma, 1 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 1 ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, 2 poorly, and 1 moderately differentiated SCC. All patients diagnosed with well differentiated SCC and metastatic adenocarcinoma showed no expression of PAX-8. A statistically significant was seen for PAX-8 expression and the different histopathological diagnosis, P value < 0.001.

Topic: Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Resection of a large cystic cervical lymphatic malformation complicated by severe postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis

Here, we report on a patient with severe postoperative intestinal complications after the resection of a prenatally diagnosed large cervical lymphatic malformation. To elucidate the pathogenesis of this life-threatening complication, we analyzed this case as part of a matched pair. The mature index patient was delivered by Caesarean section, and the postnatal adaption was unimpaired. Surgical resection was performed on the 11th day of life. Intralesional bleeding was identified as the most important risk factor in the development of protracted shock and postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pea-Protein-Stabilized Emulsion as a High-Performance Cryoprotectant in Frozen Dough: Effects on the Storage Stability and Baking Performance

The use of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion has drawn increasing attention in the baking industry. Compared with some of the well-recognized functionalities, such as textural improvers and flavor carriers, its cryoprotective behavior in frozen dough has not been extensively investigated. Herein, this study reported a pea-protein (PP)-stabilized O/W emulsion with good freeze–thaw stability and evaluated its effectiveness as a high-performance dough cryoprotectant. Specifically, the emulsions were stabilized by 2, 3, and 4 wt% of PP (PP-2, -3, and -4, respectively) and incorporated into frozen doughs, whose cryoprotective effects were systematically evaluated in terms of dough storage stability and baking performance after 4 weeks of storage. Results showed that the frozen dough with PP-3 emulsion exhibited the most uniform water distribution and reduced content of freezable water as reflected by the results from differential scanning calorimetry and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Moreover, the PP emulsion helped to maintain the integrity of the gluten network, thus enhancing the dough elasticity. Accordingly, the emulsion-added bread samples exhibited significantly improved loaf volume and textural properties (e.g., softness) and less baking loss. Our findings highlighted the potential of PP emulsion as a viable and high-performance dough cryoprotectant.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrocardiography: overview, preparation, and technique

There are few steps in analysis of ECG signals. The steps are namely noise elimination, cardiac cycle detection, extraction of features from ECG points, formulation of characteristic feature set, and finally classification of the ECG. Currently, we are using machine learning techniques only. The interpretation of the ECG data can be done more efficiently, accurately, and fast using deep learning techniques.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STUDY OF POPULATION GROWTH PARAMETERS OF APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER (HEM., APHIDIDAE) ON DIFFERENT CUCUMBER CULTIVARS

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem., Aphididae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous species, which is known as an important pest of cucumber. Different cultivars of a plant can influence the demographic parameters of pests. In this research, the population growth parameters of the melon aphid were studied on nine different cucumber cultivars including Isfahan, Bahman, Bonanza, Beit alpha, Talsia, Davus, Sakata, Suprina, and Yalda. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes at 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16L : 8D in a growth chamber. Standard errors of the population growth parameters were calculated by the Jackknife method and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Various cucumber cultivars significantly affected the population growth parameters of A. gossypii. The net reproductive rate (R0) of the aphid varied from 47.16 to 109.78 female / female / generation which was lowest on Bonanza and highest on Sakata cultivar. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of the melon aphid were ranged from 0.4359 to 0.5320 day-1 on different cultivars. It was lowest on Bonanza and highest on Sakata, Talsia and Beit alpha cultivars. The lowest and highest values of finite rate of increase (λ) were obtained on Bonanza and Sakata cultivars, respectively. Mean generation time (T) of the aphid were varied from 8.07 to 8.97 d. The doubling time (DT) was highest on Bonanza and lowest on Sakata cultivar. The results showed that among the investigated cultivars, Bonanza was the least suitable cultivar for A. gossypii.

Keywords: Cucumber; demography; intrinsic rate of natural increase; melon aphid; resistant cultivar

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences