jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design of Precise Detection System for Wheat Seeding Quantity Based on AD7746 Analog to Digital Conversion Chip

This paper develops a precise detection system for wheat-planter seeding quantity based on the AD7746 analog to digital conversion chip. The corresponding parallel plates was designed to improve the detecting accuracy of the capacitance sensor. Then, the relationship between capacitance value and the quantity of wheat seeds under two modes of single-seed falling and several-seed falling was investigated in detail. For the mode of single-seed falling, a differential dynamic threshold method was proposed to detect the number of wheat seeds. The experiment results indicated the maximum relative error was 1.538%. For the mode of several-seed falling, the partial least-squares regression model between the number of wheat seeds and the integral quantity of capacitance was established to confirm the detecting accuracy. The experiment results shown that high detecting accuracy was achieved with different seeding speeds, and the relative error was between-2.24% and 2.01%. Consequently, the proposed system can achieve high detection accuracy under the different seeding mode and different seeding speed.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The radiochemical hydroxyl radical measurement method

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe radiochemical hydroxyl radical measurement methodColin C. Felton, John C. Sheppard, and Malcolm J. CampbellCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 12, 1841–1847Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00082a009https://doi.org/10.1021/es00082a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Addressing cross-subject and trial-to-trial variability in EEG

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) are designed to extract valuable information about the user’s mental state, enabling various applications, including communication and device control. However, the utilization of this technology is hindered by challenges in EEG processing. BCI systems typically require extensive training data due to the considerable variability in EEG signals among individuals and even across sessions and trials. This challenge has become even more prominent with the adoption of neural network classifiers, which demand even larger amounts of training data. To overcome these limitations, data augmentation methods have been proposed to enhance the quantity and diversity of the available data and improve the generalization of classification models. Existing data augmentation approaches either offer limited improvements through simple data transformations or employ complex deep learning techniques that are challenging to train and unsuitable for small datasets. In this dissertation, we introduce two novel data augmentation methods that offer substantial enhancements in classification accuracy while maintaining simplicity and ease of implementation. Our approach stands apart from previous methods by incorporating knowledge about the physiology and geometry of the brain. Specifically, we utilize source localization techniques to identify task-relevant components and incorporate backward and forward projection using a head model for data modification. We evaluate the effectiveness of our methods in cross-subject and within-subject classification of motor imagery data using various classifiers and scenarios with different amounts of training data. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in classification performance across a wide range of scenarios, especially when applying our data augmentation techniques for deep learning models. Moreover, we showcase that our methods generate realistic and diverse EEG trials in a manner consistent with biological plausibility. These findings highlight the high potential of physiology-informed data augmentation in EEG-based BCIs and present opportunities for robust calibration-free utilization of this technology.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Research for Production Scheduling of Discrete Manufacturing Enterprise Based on the Theory of Constraints

How modern enterprise could formulate a more rational production planning so as that it not only could meet personalized demands of different customer, but also could make full use of existing resources of enterprises. Through analysis to production scheduling issues of discrete manufacturing enterprises, this paper brought forward the thought of production scheduling based on the theory of constraints (TOC) and introduced the advanced plan and scheduling concept; based on these, it established process model and made verification to operational mechanism of that model. Application results show that, for production arrangement of bottleneck resources, when various constraints and priorities have been known, linear programming method and its application software could be adopted to solve model and testify production scheduling of discrete manufacturing enterprises with the TOC as basis are feasible and effective.

Topic: Operations Management Techniques
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CONSUMER SATISFACTION AND LOCAL REDRESS ALTERNATIVES

Local consumer protection agencies have proliferated in the United States in the last decade. Attention is given to the need for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of these systems in order to better serve the consumer. The overall objective of this study is the assessment of the effectiveness of two major systems of consumer redress, the Better Business Bureau and the Small Claims Court. The study documents the nature of the formal third party consumer complaint system at the local level with empirical data from the two major consumer redress systems in a large, eastern, metropolitan area of the United States. Significant differences are found in the complaint characteristics and the redress probabilities of the two systems. Significant differences in consumer satisfaction with the two systems are discussed.

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Significance of symbionts in Hippobosca equina L. (Diptera: Hippoboscidae).

Hippobosca equina females fed on defibrinated blood containing oxytetracycline, sulphaquinoxaline or lysozyme showed a severe damage in symbionts. The fecundity of these flies was greatly decreased. The most effective antibiotic was found to be oxytetracycline, where the mean number of puparia laid by the female in its whole life span was 2.4, 2.8 and 2.9 - for flies fed on blood treated with oxytetracycline, lysozyme and sulphaquinoxaline, respectively. The results obtained showed that the flies do not reproduce after 60 days from emergence in all the cases. It could be concluded that primarily the symbionts in the flies are damaged, which secondarily leads to sterility.



Zusammenfassung

Zur Bedeutung der Symbionten fur Hippobosca equina L. (Dipt., Hippoboscidae)



H.-equina-Weibchen, die von definibriertem Blut frasen, das Oxytetracyclin, Sulphaquinoxalin oder Lysozym enthielt, zeigten eine wesentliche Beeintrachtigung ihrer Endosymbionten. Die Vermehrung solcher Fliegen war stark vermindert. Als wirksamstes Antibiotikum wurde Oxytetracyclin festgestellt, bei welchem die mittlere Zahl der von 1 Weibchen wahrend seines Lebens abgelegten Puparien 2.4, 2.8, bzw. 2.9 bei Ernahrung mit Blut betrug, das mit Oxytetracyclin, Lysozym bzw. Sulphaquinoxalin behandelt war. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, das sich die Fliegen in allen Fallen innerhalb von 60 Tagen nach dem Schlupfen noch nicht fortgepflanzt hatten. Es kann daraus geschlossen werden, das primar die Symbionten in den Fliegen geschadigt wurden, was sekundar zur Sterilitat fuhrte.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MARKET-CONSISTENT VALUATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE RECENT FINANCIAL CRISIS

The recent financial crisis has raised challenges to market-consistent valuation, both in its implementation and application. These include both commercial and technical challenges. The whole concept of mark-to-market accounting has been questioned in some quarters. There have been commercial challenges in deciding how to assess business strategies given recent volatile market-consistent results, including the implications for ALM and new business pricing. Industry-wide, macroeconomic concerns have been raised regarding procyclicality. This paper recognises these commercial challenges and highlights how a combination of different forms of management information covering both market-consistent and other measures can help in making decisions. This paper sets out some possible approaches to mitigate procyclicality. There have been technical challenges in: - assessing how to value instruments in markets which are or have become illiquid - selecting an appropriate ‘risk-free’ or reference rate - deciding whether and how to make additional allowance for the liquidity premium or own credit risk - the calibration of stochastic models used to value embedded financial options and guarantees - assessing an appropriate allowance for non-hedgeable risk. This paper discusses these technical challenges. The paper proposes a way forward in some areas, taking into account the recent dislocation of the financial markets and drawing on recent FASB, IASB, MCEV and Solvency II developments.

Topic: Credit Risk and Financial Regulations
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Biosurfactants and increased bioavailability of sorbed organic contaminants: Measurements using a biosensor

Bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrophobic materials that sorb onto the soil matrix is very difficult due to reduced microbial (bio)availability. Following biosurfactant addition, we have measured an increase in contaminant bioavailability by using a lux biosensor. Direct microbial bioavailability was determined by using a genetically engineered microbial bioreporter strain of Pseudomonas putida. This strain was engineered so the lux genes, which code for light production, are transcriptionally fused with genes that code for contaminant degradation and are thus induced in the presence of specific compounds. By using a bioreporter we can quantify the actual microbial bioavailability of the contaminants and compare it to concentrations measured by other analytical methods (e.g. gas chromatograph). It is possible that these values are not equal to each other. Thus, bioremediation rates may not be accurately predicted if bioavailability is not considered.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Диссипативное туннелирование электронов в вертикально связанных двойных асимметричных квантовых точках InAs/GaAs(001)

We report on the results of experimental studies of the photoelectric properties of a GaAs p-i-n photodiode with InAs/GaAs(001) double asymmetric quantum dots (DAQDs) grown by self-assembling in Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) process. Three peaks were observed in the dependence of the photocurrent on the reverse bias measured at monochromatic photoexcitation of the DAQDs at the wavelength corresponding to the energy of interband optical transitions between the ground hole and electron states in the bigger QDs. These peaks were related to the tunneling of the photoexcited electrons between the QDs including the dissipative one (with emission and absorption of the optical phonons). The experimental results agree qualitatively with the theoretical field dependence of the 1D dissipative tunneling probability between the QDs.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sperm size and number variation in the red flour beetle

Disruptive selection between large, nutritive gametes and numerous, competing gametes may have driven the evolution and maintenance of anisogamy. Sperm competition can explain why there are so many tiny sperm because numerical competition between rival gametes drives males to maximize sperm number and this may be achieved by minimizing sperm size. Since males operate within a finite reproductive budget and ejaculate production is limited, we might predict that, when variation in sperm size exists, males must trade increases in sperm size against a decrease in sperm number. We use Tribolium castaneum as our model to investigate the existence of a sperm size-number trade-off. We sampled 14 different populations that have been isolated for different periods (up to 39 years) and find across this sample of 70 males that there is significant variation in both sperm length and ejaculate sperm number between males. Despite this significant variance, we find no evidence for any relationship between sperm size and number across males. There is some evidence for a trade-off when we analyse across 14 population means, but this relationship is not robust and disappears when a single outlier is omitted. We conclude that sperm size and ejaculate sperm number vary independently, but that differential allocation to gonadal tissue and/or ejaculation frequency would permit this independent variation.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dirofilariasis of the lung accompanied by lung cancer: Report of a case

症例は55歳男性で，近医にて胸部異常陰影を指摘された．当院の胸部CTにて，右S6に最大径約3cmの腫瘤陰影，右S3に辺縁整な結節陰影と不整形の腫瘤陰影を認めた．FDG-PETでは，右S6の結節に極めて強い集積を認め，右S3の不整形の腫瘤陰影に淡い集積を認めた．辺縁整な結節陰影に集積を認めなかった．そのために右下葉切除術兼リンパ節郭清術（ND2a）および右上葉部分切除術を施行した．右S6の腫瘤は扁平上皮癌であったが，右S3の辺縁整な結節陰影はDirofilariasisで，不整形の腫瘤陰影は器質化肺炎であった．フィラリアは胸部CTで円形陰影として認めることが多い．そのため，孤立性の腫瘤陰影を認めた場合，悪性疾患の他に肺犬糸状虫症も念頭に入れていかなければならない．

Topic: Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kevin M. Teeven. <i>A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract</i>. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95

Journal Article Kevin M. Teeven. A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95 Get access Teeven Kevin M.. A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95. A. W. Brian Simpson A. W. Brian Simpson University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 97, Issue 2, April 1992, Pages 522–523, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/97.2.522 Published: 01 April 1992

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Overview of Beneficial Effects of (Poly)phenol Metabolites in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Model Organisms

The rise of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population is an increasing problem of health, social and economic consequences. Epidemiological and intervention studies have demonstrated that diets rich in (poly)phenols can have potent health benefits on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the role of gut microbiota is ever more evident in modulating the catabolism of (poly)phenols to dozens of low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites that have been identified in plasma and urine. These metabolites can reach circulation in higher concentrations than parent (poly)phenols and persist for longer periods of time. However, studies addressing their potential brain effects are still lacking. In this review, we will discuss different model organisms that have been used to study how low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites affect neuronal related mechanisms gathering critical insight on their potential to tackle the major hallmarks of neurodegeneration.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Change and Continuity in Social Policy Responses to Economic Crises in South Korea: 1979–81 versus 1997–98

Successful industrialization since the early 1960s has changed South Korea from an agrarian economy to a highly industrialized one. As a result, in 2010, South Korea was ranked the 15th-largest economy in the world with a per capita income of $29,997, surpassing Italy and New Zealand (IMF 2011). Moreover, since it entered democratic transition in the mid-1980s, South Korea has become a 'fully functioning modern democracy' (CIA 2008). Based on these economic and political resources, South Korea is now regarded as entering the club of advanced countries and has been touted as a model case of successful economic development. But contrary to the popular image of sustained rapid economic growth, South Korea has suffered economic crises, not to mention cyclical downturns. Among others, the 1979-81 and the 1997-98 economic crises were the most acute. Gross domestic product (GDP) shrank, while inflation and unemployment soared. Income distribution deteriorated and poverty increased, but South Korea has successfully overcome them through a combination of swift economic reforms and social protection measures.KeywordsGross Domestic ProductSocial Security SystemGross Domestic Product Growth RateKorean EconomySocial Insurance ProgramThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Asian Industrial and Economic Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Low Mutual Coupling Circle Microstrip Array Antenna for 5.8 GHz Band

In order to effectively suppress the influence of mutual coupling between array elements on antenna radiation performance, a novel dual-circle microstrip patch array antenna with low mutual coupling and low correlation is proposed. Two deformed E-shaped electromagnetic bang gap (EBG) structures are symmetrically inserted between two circular antenna elements, which could suppress the surface waves propagation to reduce the mutual coupling through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. In addition, several arc-shaped gap defected ground structures (DGS) are symmetrically etched on the ground plane to curb the ground coupling current, thus, the mutual coupling is further decreased. The shortest distance between the two circular antenna elements is only 0.19&#x003bb; where &#x003bb; is the wavelength at the working frequency of 5.8 GHz. Both the simulated and experimental results indicate that the mutual coupling of less than -40 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of less than 0.001 can be achieved by the proposed decoupling antenna within its operating bandwidth, to make the good decoupling effect under the premise of small antenna size and stable radiation performance.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterizing the genetic risk for Type 2 diabetes in a Malaysian multi‐ethnic cohort

Abstract Aims To characterize the association with Type 2 diabetes of known Type 2 diabetes risk variants in people in Malaysia of Malay, Chinese and Indian ancestry who participated in the Malaysian Cohort project. Methods We genotyped 1604 people of Malay ancestry (722 cases, 882 controls), 1654 of Chinese ancestry (819 cases, 835 controls) and 1728 of Indian ancestry (851 cases, 877 controls). First, 62 candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with Type 2 diabetes were assessed for association via logistic regression within ancestral groups and then across ancestral groups using a meta‐analysis. Second, estimated odds ratios were assessed for excess directional concordance with previously studied populations. Third, a genetic risk score aggregating allele dosage across the candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms was tested for association within and across ancestral groups. Results After Bonferroni correction, seven individual single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with Type 2 diabetes in the combined Malaysian sample. We observed a highly significant excess in concordance of effect directions between Malaysian and previously studied populations. The genetic risk score was strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes in all Malaysian groups, explaining from 1.0 to 1.7% of total Type 2 diabetes risk variance. Conclusion This study suggests there is substantial overlap of the genetic risk alleles underlying Type 2 diabetes in Malaysian and other populations.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences