jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laplace Approximations in<scp>B</scp>ayesian Lifetime Analysis

Abstract We provide some background on Laplace approximations based on the work by Tierney and Kadane and illustrate the method's use in obtaining posterior distributions as well as the associated parameter estimates in Bayesian lifetime analysis. The advantages and the disadvantages of using this approach compared to other numerical alternatives are also discussed. Finally, a few examples from the relevant literature where the approximation has been successfully employed are provided.

Topic: Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conclusion

It is fitting that we should have ended with three chapters which, in their willingness to align Russian and Western screens in direct, cross-cultural juxtaposition with one another, represent a microcosm of the volume as a whole. In order to confirm the significance of that juxtaposition, and thus to bring the volume to a close, it would be helpful to remind ourselves how the juxtaposition was accomplished via a brief recapitula­tion of the argument pursued in each chapter, taking care to adumbrate themes that recur across the volume.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rehabilitation effects of walking and baduanjin to the perimenopausal syndrome with depression

Objective:To research and compare the rehabilitation effects of walking and baduanjin on perimenopausal syndrome with depression,and find non-drug therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome effectively.Method:Assessed at Kupperman score≥16(means heavier than moderate perimenopausal syndrome) and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale(CES-D)≥20(means depression),145 perimenopausal women from Xishan Road Community in Tangshan city,45—55 years' old,were randomly divided into 3 groups based on their serial number.50 persons in control group(with no exercise),46 in walking group and 49 in baduanjin group.Evaluations were taken with Kupperman score and CES-D after 3-month training.Result:Compared to control group,the differences of Kupperman scores and CES-D scores in baduanjin group and walking group all were significant(P0.01).Compared with walking group,the CES-D score of baduanjin group improved(P0.01).According to the single items scores of Kupperman,both in walking and baduanjin group hectic fever,sweating,insomnia,fuss,depress,fatigue,muscle and joint pain released(P0.05),and the effect of baduanjin on insomnia,fuss,depress,and palpitation was better than that of walking.Conclusion:Walking and baduanjin could alleviate perimenopausal syndromes effectively,and baduanjin could suit adapts to peri-menopausal women's health more.

Topic: Exercise and Physiological Responses
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect on Sales of Color in Newspaper Advertisements

Abstract Little empirical research is available on the effects on retail sales of the use of color in newspaper advertising. This study analyzes the results of two experiments conducted by the Long Beach Independent Press-Telegram, and concludes that median sales volume gains of approximately 41% may be realized by using one-color, single-exposure newspaper ads, instead of otherwise identical black-and-white ads, for price-reduced items. This conclusion is supported by statistical analysis of empirical data on actual sales.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of the Binding of Penicillin G to Staphylococcal L-Form and Its Parent Strain Membranes

The binding of penicillin G to a stable L-form from Staphylococcus aureus followed saturation-type kinetics with saturation achieved at 0.75 nmol/ml, the same as with its parent strain.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study into the Feasibility and Effects of Reading Extended Authentic Discourse in the Beginning German Language Classroom

Despite efforts to integrate all levels of foreign language instruction, reading remains on the periphery of beginning language study. Reading extended texts is outcast to an even greater degree. This article addresses this issue by presenting the design, results, and implications from a study involving beginning college‐level language students who read a 142‐page romance novel in their first semester of German. During the semester, the treatment group ( N = 27) followed the same standard first‐semester syllabus as the comparison group ( N = 32), but replaced all standard reading assignments in the textbook with daily in‐class readings of the romance novel. The effects of the treatment were assessed on the basis of the two groups’ results on (a) three departmental exams and (b) a pretest and posttest consisting of written recall protocols of 4 texts and vocabulary‐related questions. A statistical analysis of these two measures yielded 2 central findings. First, students were able to read a full‐length authentic text in the first semester. Second, the treatment group performed as well as the comparison group on the three department tests and the posttest, which runs counter to arguments that time spent reading in class adversely affects beginning language learners’ second language development. Curricular and pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.

Topic: Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Labetalol Analysis in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

Abstract Labetalol determination in human plasma by a sensitive (to 2.5 ng/ml) and selective method using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. Plasma is extracted with diethyl ether under mildly basic (pH 9) conditions, back-extracted into an aqueous acidic buffer, then injected directly on column. Standard curves using propranolol as an internal standard are linear for concentrations from 2.5 to 200 ng/ml. Within-day and between-day reproducibility is satisfactory with coefficient of variation less than 8% for all concentrations. Sample recovery from the extraction is complete at all concentrations. Utility of the method is demonstrated by a pharmacokinetic study in a hypertensive volunteer who received 43.75 mg labetalol by 10 minute intravenous infusion.

Topic: Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas

Cystic Lesions of the PancreasTerrence C. Demos1, Harold V. Posniak1, Carla Harmath1, Mary C. Olson1 and Gerard Aranha2Audio Available | Share

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enzymatic Synthesis of an RNA Fragment Corresponding to the Anti-Codon Loop and Stem of tRNA<sup>Phe</sup>from Yeast

Abstract A hexadecamer corresponding to the anticodon loop and stem of tRNAPhe yeast has been prepared using T4 RNA ligase and isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. The two oligonucleotides used in the ligation were isolated from a ribonuclease T1 digest of the tRNA which was resolved by HPLC on an anion exchange column. To prepare the “acceptor” oligonucleotide for the RNA ligase reaction a 3′ terminal phosphate was removed. To prepare the “donor” oligomer a 5′ terminal phosphate was added. Analysis of the product hexadecamer was by nucleoside and nucleotide-3′-mono-phosphate composition.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Mathematical Model of Toxin Dynamics in Hemodialysis Patients Considering Weight Loss

It has been observed that hemodialysis patients with high Body Mass Index (BMI) exhibit higher survival chances than those patients with low BMI. It has also been observed that weight loss could lead to lower survival rate. A possible reason for this is that muscle and adipose tissues can alter toxin concentrations in the body. Cronin-Fine et al. (2007) established a mathematical model explaining the relationship between BMI and toxin concentrations which supported clinical data on survival rate and BMI of hemodialysis patients. In 2009, Kappel et al. modified the model to further elaborate the relationship. In this study, the kinetic model developed by Kappel was modified to describe the toxin dynamics in hemodialysis patients considering weight loss.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A NEW ORBITAL IMPLANT WHICH USES THE SIX EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

A new covered implant which has all six extrinsic muscles attached to it is herewith presented. It is a modification of Dr. Orwyn Ellis' plastic implant, made of lucite.® It comes in two sizes, 18 by 18 and 16 by 16 mm., over-all dimensions. It weighs 2.94 Gm. There are two slots for the oblique muscles on the temporal side behind the equator of the implant. The slots run in a horizontal direction. In front of the equator there is a ring. Beneath are openings for the rectus muscles. All the ocular muscles are preserved during the enucleation procedure, and 0000 chromic surgical sutures U. S. P. are passed through their insertions. The oblique muscles are passed through their respective slots first and tied onto each other behind the equator. The superior and inferior rectus muscles are passed through their respective openings beneath the ring in front and are tied

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Retinal and Brain Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. Similar to brain microglia, retinal microglia are responsible for retinal surveillance, rapidly responding to changes in the environment by altering morphotype and function. Microglia become activated in inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). When activated by stress stimuli, retinal microglia change their morphology and activity, with either beneficial or harmful consequences. In this review, we describe characteristics of CNS microglia, including those in the retina, with a focus on their morphology, activation states and function in health, ageing, MS and other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, to highlight their activity in disease. We also discuss contradictory findings in the literature and the potential ways of reducing inconsistencies in future by using standardised methodology, e.g., automated algorithms, to enable a more comprehensive understanding of this exciting area of research.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Renal potassium transport: the pioneering studies of Gerhard Giebisch

This essay looks at the historical significance of six APS Classic Papers that are freely available on line: Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of renal potassium excretion in the rat. Am J Physiol 206: 674–686, 1964 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/206/4/674 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transport in rat nephron. Am J Physiol 211: 529–547, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/529 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Microperfusion study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transfer in rat kidney. Am J Physiol 211: 548–559, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/548 ). Duarte CG, Chomety F, Giebisch G. Effect of amiloride, ouabain, and furosemide on distal tubular function in the rat. Am J Physiol 221: 632–640, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/632 ). Malnic G, De Mello Aires M, Giebisch G. Potassium transport across renal distal tubules during acid-base disturbances. Am J Physiol 221: 1192–1208, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/4/1192 ). Wright FS, Strieder N, Fowler NB, Giebisch G. Potassium secretion by distal tubule after potassium adaptation. Am J Physiol 221: 437–448, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/437 ).

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Physical Simulation Environment for Arthroscopic Joint Irrigation

Good arthroscopic view is important to perform arthroscopic operations (minimally invasive surgery in joints) safely and fast. To obtain this, the joint is irrigated. However, optimal irrigation settings are not described. To study the complex clinical practice of irrigation, a physical simulation environment was developed that incorporates the main characteristics for performing arthroscopy. Its irrigation capacities were validated with patient data. The physical simulation environment consists of a specially designed knee phantom, all normally used arthroscopic equipment, and registration devices for two video streams, pressures, and flows. The physical embodiment of the knee phantom matches that of human knee joints during arthroscopic operations by the presence of important anatomic structures in sizes comparable to human knee joints, the presence of access portals, and the ability to stress the joint. The hydrostatic and hydrodynamic behavior of the knee phantom was validated with pressure and flow measurements documented during arthroscopic knee operations. Surgeons confirmed that the knee phantom imitated human knee joints sufficiently. The hydrostatic parameters of the knee phantom could be tuned within the range of the human knee joints (restriction: 0.0266–29.3 N s2/m8 versus 0.0143–1.22×1018 N s2/m8 and capacitance: 6.89 m5/N versus 7.50×10−9 m5/N). The hydrodynamic properties of the knee phantom were acceptably comparable to those of the human knee joints. The physical simulation environment enables realistic and conditioned experimental studies to optimize joint irrigation. The foundation has been laid for evaluation of other surgical instruments and of training of surgical skills.

Topic: Surgical Simulation and Training
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Graph Agnostic Causal Bayesian Optimisation

We study the problem of globally optimising a target variable of an unknown causal graph on which a sequence of soft or hard interventions can be performed. The problem of optimising the target variable associated with a causal graph is formalised as Causal Bayesian Optimisation (CBO). We study the CBO problem under the cumulative regret objective with unknown causal graphs for two settings, namely structural causal models with hard interventions and function networks with soft interventions. We propose Graph Agnostic Causal Bayesian Optimisation (GACBO), an algorithm that actively discovers the causal structure that contributes to achieving optimal rewards. GACBO seeks to balance exploiting the actions that give the best rewards against exploring the causal structures and functions. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to study causal Bayesian optimization with cumulative regret objectives in scenarios where the graph is unknown or partially known. We show our proposed algorithm outperforms baselines in simulated experiments and real-world applications.

Topic: Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 2049557: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electronic structure and optical spectrum of the copper-ethylene complex

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structure and optical spectrum of the copper-ethylene complexG. Nicolas and J. C. BarthelatCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 13, 2870–2877Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100404a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100404a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ultraviolet analysis of the peculiar supergiant HD 112374 = HR 4912

The ultraviolet energy distribution of the metal-poor supergiant HD 112374 is analyzed based on observations from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite for the region between 1200 and 2000 A. A discontinuity was found in the UV spectra at 2600 A which confirmed the low-abundance of heavy elements found by Luck et al. (1983). Values for effective temperature and log g in HD112374 were consistent with the star being a very luminous Population II semi-regular variable. The full observational results are presented in a table.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risking value theory in the political economy of finance and nature

Responding to calls for geographers to re-engage value theory in examining the political economy of nature, this article questions the capacity of such theory to grasp nature’s growing representation, valuation and exchange through financial instruments ranging from catastrophe bonds to carbon credits and from green bonds to index insurance. Drawing on and extending recent debates in political economy, it submits that understanding the contemporary nexus of climate change and financial innovation requires incorporating risk into value theory – it requires, that is, ‘risking’ value theory. Parsing the literature on climate finance, the article demonstrates how such risking might be achieved.

Topic: Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
High Strain Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of a SiC Reinforced Cast Aluminum Alloy Composite

The high strain cyclic fatigue characteristics of a cast aluminum alloy A356 discontinuously reinforced with 20 vol% silicon carbide particulates strained to failure over a range of strain amplitudes giving lives of less than 104 cycles to failure were studied. The specimens were cycled using tension-compression loading under total strain control. The as-cast material displayed cyclic hardening and eventual softening to failure at the higher cyclic strain amplitudes, and progressive cyclic softening at low strain amplitudes. The observed cyclic hardening and softening behavior are a mechanical effect and attributed to concurrent and competing effects of an increase in dislocation-dislocation interaction, dislocation multiplication and dislocation-particle (SiC) interactions. The cyclic fracture behavior of the alloy is discussed in light of composite microstructural effects, plastic strain amplitude and concomitant response stress.

Topic: Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Technologies and devices for micro chemical systems

This article describes recent developments at MESA+ in the field of miniaturised systems for chemical synthesis and analysis, also frequently referred to as "Lab-on-a-Chip". Several examples of siliconbased devices will be discussed, like micro pipettes for DNA studies, chips for cation analysis in blood samples, and systems in which electro-osmotic principles are applied to control liquid flow and chemical reactions, with possible applications as high-throughput experimentation platforms for the development of new chemical compounds.

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Formulation and influential factors of micro-arc anti-frition ceramic layer

To decrease the friction coefficient of macro arc oxidation ceramic layer, the method of adding graphite anti friction phase into the macro arc oxidation electrolyte was adopted and the ceramic layer with graphite phase was deposited during the process of macro arc oxidation. This improves the friction capability of macro arc oxidation ceramic layer greatly. The results show that, at the beginning, the film thickness and film forming speed will increase with the time and then it reaches the maximum and falls with the time; the film forming speed reaches its maximum when the graphite contents is 5?g/L; the adding graphite anti friction phase decreases the friction coefficient of ceramic layer obviously. [

Topic: Lubricants and Their Additives
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of pH of the culture medium on the sensitivity of<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>antigens for use in certain serological tests

SUMMARY Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens were prepared from organisms cultured in broth medium with glucose. The influence of period of growth, pH of the medium and duration of incubation at low pH (5·0) on the sensitivity of these antigens was determined in certain tests. The most sensitive antigen for the serum plate test was harvested after no more than 8 hr. incubation at pH 5·0. Sensitivity in serum plate, haemagglutination and gel diffusion tests was impaired if organisms were incubated at pH 5·0 for long periods. Antigens prepared from buffered broth medium were found to be at least as sensitive as those from unbuffered medium for the haemagglutination and gel precipitation tests, but considerably less so for the serum plate test.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences