jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic wave propagation in concretes

The interpretation of results of radar testing of structural concrete has been hampered by a lack of knowledge of the fundamental dielectric properties of the material. Efforts have been made by a number of researchers to develop theoretical models taking account of the known properties of concrete constituents and their proportions. These have considered inter-relationships between moisture content, voids and test frequency. Other work has examined parameters such as coupling effects on beam spread angle and effective signal frequency in concrete for some commercially available antennas with nominal centre frequencies between 500 MHz and 1 GHz. However, it must be concluded that whilst measurements at discrete frequencies provide a valid approach for comparison of materials compositions, they are not directly applicable to interpretation of field measurements using antennas of similar nominal centre frequency. (2 pages)

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Isolation, Purification, Identification and Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Caused by Sclerotinia Rot of Chickpea

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Barry is a soil habitat plant pathogen, able of infecting more than five hundred host plant spp., all over the world and doing a crucial role in reduce the yield of economically important crops. Sclerotinia rot also known as stem rot, incited by S. sclerotiorum is a certical disease of chickpea. We done an experiment in which, a number of fungal isolation, purification, identification and pathogenicity from the infected plant materals. The plants appear typical symptoms like drooping of petioles and leaflets and in last stage scattered sclerotial bodies. The infected isolates observed on the affected tissues after re-inoculation and generate mycelial growth and sclerotia both plants and culture plates. On re-isolation it was base that the fungus was identical to the authentic isolate. It was found that the infection was much supreme in inoculated plants as compare to control.

Topic: Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Micro-CHP Project: from biogas to pure methane

There are many different sorts of energy production like solar energy and wind that feed the electricity network, but these sources of energy are not constant. Therefore there is a need for an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of energy, which can be found in the form of synthetic natural gases produced by fermenting natural compounds or making the gases in a chemical process. This gas performance is tested with a microCHP unit. The research investigated the most efficient way of using synthetic natural gas by varying the quality of the CH4/CO2 ratio and measuring how much Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is generated by different gas compositions. For this research a Whispergen personal power station (model: PPS24-ACLG-5) was used. The Whispergen unit has four pistons that are driven by the expansion and compression of nitrogen gas, which is sealed in the engine’s cylinders under pressure. The working gas expands when it is heated by fuel burned in a combustion chamber located outside the cylinders. The measurements shows that the more carbon dioxide is added to the microCHP the more the results deviate from the expected line. It shows that the total efficiency hardly changes and the electrical-, fuel efficiency are decreasing. Only the heat efficiency goes up when carbon dioxide is added to the feed of microCHP. This leads to the following conclusion adding carbon dioxide to the feed of a microCHP is only preferable when the primary task is producing heat energy.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
X-chromosome linked genes associated with myeloid cell CNS trafficking contributes to female–male differences in the disease outcome for neuroinflammatory diseases

Abstract Certain diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disease, affect more women than men, despite males appearing to be predisposed to infections and malignancies. X-linked genes contribute to increased MS susceptibility. Currently, an immense body of research exists that explores the complexity surrounding underlying risk factors for MS development including X-chromosome-linked inflammatory processes. Female–male disparities in disease susceptibility have been found at both the gene and chromosomal level. Genes such as CXORF21 and DDX3X can escape X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and contribute to various disease pathogenesis. Additionally, blocking immune cell entry to the central nervous system (CNS) can have a major impact on MS. Prior research on MS has shown that immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) infiltrate the CNS. Due to persistent tissue stress, these cells may induce local inflammation and autoimmunity, subsequent neurodegeneration, and both the onset and progression of MS. Chemokines are signaling proteins which regulate leukocyte trafficking to the site of injury, contributing to cell recruitment, CNS inflammation, and disease severity. Some chemokine receptors (CXCR3) are X-linked and may escape XCI. This review provides an account of the contribution of x-linked genes in MS in relation to the chemotaxis of myeloid cells into CNS and subsequent neuroinflammation. The impact of the X-chromosome on autoimmunity, including XCI and the expression of X-linked genes is evaluated. Collectively, the analyses from this review seek to advance both our understanding of MS and advocate for more patient-specific therapies.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Strategy for Building Public Service Motivation Research Internationally

As public service motivation research grows qualitatively and quantitatively, some scholars question its appropriateness for international applications. This essay sets out a strategy of convergence for international research and measurement approaches. Studies that assess commonalities in public service motivation content internationally are analyzed in order to develop a broader conceptual and more operational definition as well as consequently a more universal public service motivation construct. Public service motives, according to this review, are based on self‐sacrifice and fall into three categories: instrumental, value‐based, and identification. The dimensions of the public service motivation construct are refined along the lines of attraction to public participation, commitment to public values, compassion, and self‐sacrifice. Researchers are urged to include all of its dimensions within their empirical studies to advance contemporary public service motivation studies.

Topic: Public Policy and Administration Research
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Essential oil composition of <i>Callistemon viminalis</i> leaves from India

Abstract The leaves of Callistemon viminalis , on hydrodistillation, gave 0.45% of an oil on a fresh weight basis. GC and GC–MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identiﬁcation of 42 constituents, representing 99.5% of the oil. 1,8‐Cineole (61.7%), α ‐pinene (24.2%) and menthyl acetate (5.3%) were the major components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Antiurolithiatic activity of Indian medicinal plant: Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke (Lamiaceae)

Urolithiasis is the most prevalent condition of the urinary system, characterized by the formation of stones inside the urinary tract. It is urgent to look for a natural urolithiasis therapy due to the serious side effects of conventional medications. Hydro-alcoholic (80% v/v) extract of the aerial parts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (OK) and its ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol, aqueous, and n-hexane fractions were subjected to in vitro antiurolithiatic screening as well as preliminary screening of phytochemicals. The in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of O. kilimandscharicum was studied using its hydroalcoholic extract (HAEOK). Calcium phosphate test using a colorimetric approach and calcium oxalate assay using a titrimetric model were used to determine the proportion of calcium oxalate crystals that dissolved. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured for the extract and fractions of OK. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAFOK) had a greater capacity to suppress crystal formation in both the calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate assays. The percent dissolution of calcium oxalate by HAEOK and EAFOK (31.48 ± 0.920% and 39.21 ± 0.903%) and calcium phosphate crystals by HAEOK and EAFOK (59.03 ± 0.820% and 66.62 ± 0.468%) was determined, respectively. At p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01, differences between the results were regarded as significant. Cystone was employed as a standard drug. This study revealed that EAFOK showed significant antiurolithiatic activity. The antiurolithiatic activity of the extract/fraction was attributed to the steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid content of OK.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Chivers (1915) concurred in recognizing the validity of the genus Ascotricha Berkeley for two species that had been placed by most other

workers in the genus Chaetomium but readily distinguished by their productioni of conidia. Recently two additional species of Ascotricha have been described by Ames (1951). Another distinguishing character for the separation of this genus from Chaetomium is the presence of perithecial setae that are sympodially branched and have the same appearance and structure as the conidiophores. As in the genus Chaetomium, the perithecium is ostiolate. The ascus is always cylindrical with a linear arrangement of the spores, a condition also found in a few species of Ch aetomium.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fractional lower-order statistics for efficient adaptive temporal and spatial methods in non-Gaussian environment

This paper addresses the problem of blind equalization for digital communications using constant modulus signals in the presence of heavy-tailed additive channel noise. We compare the performance of a temporal filter antenna system with the ones obtained with an array of sensors used at the receiver to copy the information sequence. First, we demonstrate the negative effects of channel noise to the original CMA cost function in terms of reliability and convergence. Then, we introduce a new CMA criterion for both temporal and spatial systems based on the fractional lower-order statistics (FLOS) of the received data. We perform an analytical study of the properties of the new cost function and we illustrate its convergence behavior through computer simulations.

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Job Search and Hiring with Limited Information about Workseekers’ Skills

We assess South African workseekers’ skills and disseminate the assessment results to explore how limited information affects firm and workseeker behavior. Giving workseekers assessment results that they can credibly share with firms increases workseekers’ employment and earnings and better aligns their skills, beliefs and search strategies. Giving workseekers assessment results that they cannot easily share with firms has similar effects on beliefs and search, but smaller effects on employment and earnings. Giving assessment results only to firms shifts interview decisions. These findings show that getting credible skill information to the right agents can improve outcomes in the labor market. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J41, J64, O15)

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Partially Replacing Maize meal in Broiler Finishing Diets with Rumen Filtrate Fermented-Maize Bran on Broiler Chicken Performance

This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing maize with rumen filtrate-fermented maize bran (FMB) in broiler finishing diets on growth performance. Maize bran (MB) was mixed with freshly collected rumen liquid (1 liter/5kg MB) and allowed to ferment in sealed plastic polythene bags for 14 days. It was thereafter sun-dried and used to formulate finisher diets where FMB replaced maize at 0 and 50%. Then, 80-three weeks-old broilers (Cobb 500) were individually weighed and randomly divided into two groups based on body weights. The groups were randomly assigned to 0 and 50% FMB grower/finisher diets, which were supplied to birds ad libitum until 42 days of age. Feed intake, body weights, weight gains, and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were assessed. Replacing maize with FMB in broiler grower/finisher diets had significant effects on feed intake and FCR, but not on body weight and weight gains. Birds fed diets with 50% FMB had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, but better (p < 0.05) FCR than those fed on control diets. Inclusion of FMB in the diets at 50% reduced the feed costs and increased the gross profit margin compared to when maize is incorporated at 100%. Thus, replacing maize with FMB had no deleterious effects on growth performance of broilers, but improved the feed utilization efficiency and economic returns on investment.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Does China's carbon emissions trading policy improve the technology innovation of relevant enterprises?

Abstract China's carbon emissions trading (CET) policy aims to force relevant enterprises to implement low‐carbon technology innovation and address environmental challenges through marketization means. However, how China's CET policy may affect enterprise technology innovation and whether this effect may differ in industries remain to be further investigated. Therefore, based on the panel data of listed enterprises covered by the CET policy in China during 2009–2017, this paper employs the difference‐in‐difference (DID) and DID‐based propensity score matching models to evaluate the effect of CET on technology innovation. The empirical results indicate that the effect of China's CET on the technology innovation of related enterprises is generally not significant during the sample period, but this effect presents evident industrial heterogeneity. Specifically, among the eight CET‐covered industries, the CET policy helps to improve technology innovation for power and aviation enterprises but not in the other six industries (i.e., steel, chemical, building material, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, and paper), which implies that China's CET policy still has great potential for promoting the technology innovation of related enterprises. In addition, the central findings remain robust when the system generalized method of moment and DID‐based coarsened exact matching models are applied to consider the influence of omitted variables, unobservable confounders, and different matching methods.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Metal-Oxo Cluster Catalysts for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Abstract Photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide photoreduction are considered effective strategies for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Polynuclear metal-oxo clusters possess excellent electron storage/release ability and unique catalytic properties via intermetallic synergy, which enables them with great potential in environmentally friendly photosynthesis. Importantly, metal-oxo clusters with precise structure can not only act as high-efficiency catalysts but also provide well-defined structural models for exploring structure–activity relationships. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the catalytic application of polynuclear metal-oxo clusters, including polyoxometalate clusters, low-cost transition metal clusters, and metal-oxo-cluster-based metal–organic frameworks for water splitting and CO 2 reduction. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and solutions to the problems of polynuclear metal - oxo clusters in photocatalysis.

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Empirical Analysis of Scarcity Strategies in the Automobile Industry

Recent product introductions such as the Xbox 360, Sony Playstation 2, and PT Cruiser have been characterized by shortage of these products. Some experts have suggested that such scarcity can be a deliberate strategy for making the product more desirable. In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between introductory inventory levels and consumer preference in the U.S. automobile industry and show that relative scarcity of a car at the time of introduction is associated with higher consumer preference for the product. Furthermore, we perform an empirical test of alternative theories about the rationale for introductory product scarcity. Specifically, we consider two theories of supplier-induced scarcity, namely the buying frenzy theory and the signaling theory, and an alternative theory that suggests that demand uncertainty causes introductory product scarcity. We find more support for the signaling theory of supplier-induced scarcity than the buying frenzy theory or the demand uncertainty theory in our analysis of the automobile market.

Topic: Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Curcumin modulates hemeoxygenase‐1, eNOS, and endothelial cell cycle progression

Curcumin (CMN), a component of turmeric spice that imparts flavor and color to curry, is a known anti‐inflammatory and angiogenesis‐suppressing bioactive agent. Here, we provide the first evidence that CMN inhibits proliferation of endothelial cells, while modulating hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and eNOS protein expression. Exposure of non‐confluent bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells to CMN, at concentrations as low as 2 μM, resulted in suppressed proliferation, upregulated HO‐1, and downregulated eNOS within 24 h. In confluent cells, HO‐1 protein was similarly upregulated, while eNOS expression was unaffected by CMN. Concentrations of CMN in excess of 5 μM triggered G2/M cell cycle block in non‐confluent BAE cells, while 15 μM CMN clearly disrupted microtubule polymerization. Taken together, these findings indicate differential effects of CMN in cycling vs. noncycling endothelial cells, with potential dose‐dependent implications for wound healing related to endothelial tissue growth and repair. (Supported by USAMRMC)

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Tables from A Multikinase and DNA-PK Inhibitor Combination Immunomodulates Melanomas, Suppresses Tumor Progression, and Enhances Immunotherapies

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Human melanoma cell lines and mutation status Table S2: Differences in PD-L1 and CD155 drug responses between BRAF- and NRAS-mutant cell lines Table S3: Differences in HLA-I and CD73 drug responses between BRAF- and NRAS-mutant cell lines Table S4: Differences in NGFR and CD55 drug responses between BRAF- and NRAS-mutant cell lines Table S5: Differences in PD-L1, CD155, and HLA-I drug responses in BRAF-mutant cell lines Table S6: Differences in CD73, NGFR, and CD55 drug responses in BRAF- mutant cell lines Table S7: Differences in PD-L1, CD155, and HLA-I drug responses in NRAS- mutant cell lines Table S8: Differences in CD73, NGFR, and CD55 drug responses in NRAS- mutant cell lines Table S9: Fractional product analysis of Reg, anti-CD40, and STING agonist in vivo results Table S10: Fractional product analysis of Reg and adoptive cell transfer in vivo results&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Can the Pricing Efficiency of Chinese Convertible Bonds be Improved? Analysis from the Perspective of the Cost of Arbitrage

Existing research show the pricing efficiency of Chinese convertible bonds is low.Taking transaction cost into account,we established an arbitrage strategy which hedged the risk of the underlying stock price volatility.Empirical analysis shows that after adjusting for transaction cost,the simple arbitrage strategy can produce average Sharpe ratio of 0.54 and return of 11.81% adjusted via Fama-French three factor model.Arbitrage strategy applied to 66.67%sample convertible bond can produce positive abnormal return.These findings suggest that limited information and imperfect rationality of investors explain the low pricing efficiency of Chinese convertible bonds.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Модельный подход к описанию свойств графана: аналитические результаты

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted the intention of several researchers in the world because of its fascinating electronic and mechanical properties. Various theoretical and experimental works have been devoted to this material. In this paper, we used a full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method to investigate the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of graphene in hexagonal structure within local density and generalized gradient approximations (LDA and GGA). Our results are found in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental contributions. Using a modified Becke--Johnsone GGA approximation, we have also confirmed that graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor with the presence of a Dirac cone. In our contribution, we have also calculated the elastic constants, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of graphene that are found in good agreement with the results published in the literature.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Superior thyroid arteriovenous aneurysm

Journal Article Superior thyroid arteriovenous aneurysm Get access W M Beattie, W M Beattie Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J B Oldham, J B Oldham Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J A Ross J A Ross Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 48, Issue 210, January 1961, Pages 456–457, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004821019 Published: 06 December 2005

Topic: Coronary Artery Anomalies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences