jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Post Thaw Processing of Red Blood Cells Using Microfluidics

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) has been an integral part of medicine since the middle of the last century. In particular, RBCs have been the most transfused blood product in battlefield trauma care[1]. Cryopreservation of red blood cells has been used in particular by the military for a variety of reasons. The ability to preserve cells facilitates transportation of blood from one location to another. Combat can result in sharp increases in blood use for the treatment of civilian and military and frozen blood supplies can be used to meet variations in blood demand. In the civilian blood services, cryopreserved blood is typically used only for rare blood types[2] or for transfusion of neonates[3].

Topic: Blood transfusion and management
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Face is beautiful: Aesthetic evaluation of pareidolian faces

The present study investigated the relation between the face-likeness of pareidolian faces and aesthetic evaluations of them. The pareidolian faces consisted of a facial contour, left and right eyes, and a mouth. Positions of the facial parts were randomly determined. In the experiment, participants were asked to evaluate the face-likeness, beautifulness, and uncanniness of the pareidolian face stimuli. The results suggested that the face-likeness and beautifulness correlated positively, while the face-likeness and uncanniness correlated negatively. Thus, face-likeness of pareidolian faces would have positive influence on the aesthetic evaluation of them. However, detail analyses regarding the eye positions revealed that the faces with outer-side eyes were rated as more beautiful than the faces with inner-side eyes, while the face-likeness of the faces with inner-side and outer-side eyes were comparable. Thus, the facial configuration, in particular eye positions, would differently influence the face-likeness and the beautifulness. These results implied that the higher face-likeness led to the more beautifulness, yet the underpinning processes of the face-likeness perception and the beautifulness perception might be partly separable.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Leading Teaching and Learning in the Primary School

Case study data from six primary schools are drawn upon to examine the reality of primary headteacher leadership. Three alternative theoretical models of leadership are used to analyse the ways in which it has changed since the Education Reform Act (1988) and the implications of these changes for leading teaching and learning. Prior to 1988 primary headteachers as ‘educative leaders’ were involved in teaching and direct working relations with children and classteachers. However, in the current educational climate ‘educative leadership’ appears unsustainable. Although ‘instructional leadership’ is an effective model for achieving compliance with government reforms and achieving a narrow standards agenda, it stifles teachers’ creativity and constrains school innovation. It is argued that ‘pedagogical leadership’, as exemplified by two headteachers in the study, appears to offer much greater possibilities for developing teaching and promoting both pupil and teacher learning. While the practice of ‘pedagogical leadership’ is viewed as conflicting with aspects of ‘instructional leadership’, it has value congruence with ‘educative leadership’ and can therefore develop from it.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Plant-Based Production of Biosimilar Drug Products

Most therapeutic antibodies are produced using either Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or mouse NS0 (myeloma) cells. Despite their relative ease of use and extensive characterization, the use of mammalian cells for producing mAbs has shortcomings. The first demonstration of the successful expression of an IgG in plants was in 1989; since then, improvements in the production of mAbs by plants have contributed to realistic proposals for the use of plant systems as an alternative platform for the production of therapeutic proteins. Plant-based production of recombinant proteins using N. benthamiana is a safe, low-cost, and highly efficient alternative production platform to the standard CHO or NS0 cell culture systems for the production of high-value therapeutic proteins. This chapter illustrates the developmental stages involved in stable transgenic plant production. Improper glycosylation, such as the attachment of truncated N-glycans, causes mAbs to lose their quaternary open Y-shaped structure. The development of biosimilar drugs in plants requires a humanized N-glycosylation system.

Topic: Transgenic Plants and Applications
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Features of autonomic dysfunction in the patients with Parkinson’s disease on the background of autoimmune pathology

Dysautonomia is a common occurrence in PD and is probably due to the neurodegenerative disease process itself, taking place inside either the CNS or peripheral postganglionic neurons.The objective: to investigate the clinical manifestations of autonomic disorders in the patients with PD on the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).Materials and methods. 109 patients with PD at the age from 47 to 75 years were examined. The main group of patients consisted of ІА and ІB subgroups, control group – ІІА and IIB. Conducted general clinical and neurological examination, assessment of motor functions using the unified PD rating scale (UPDRS), a scale for assessing autonomic disorders in the patients with PD, statistical analysis with program «Statistica 6.0».Results. The analysis of the general indicators of gastrointestinal tract disorder in patients during the primary examination and a year later showed a statistically significant difference in the subgroups ІB and ІIB. Statistically significant difference between the total index of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction a year later was found in patients in the subgroups ІА. The analysis of the general index of autonomic disorders in the dynamics showed a statistically significant difference in the subgroups ІА and ІB.Conclusions. Morbidity of PD causes not only motor disorders, but also non-motor manifestations, including autonomic disorders. Early diagnosis of premotor disorders makes it possible to identify individuals with an increased risk of developing PD. The important aspect is the conduct of an additional survey to detect concomitant diseases in the patients with progression of PD.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Frequency-comb-calibrated Doppler broadening thermometry

We describe an implementation of Doppler broadening thermometry based upon a room-temperature continuous-wave quantum cascade laser at 9.07 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m, coherently phase locked to a thulium optical frequency comb centered at 2 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m. The thermodynamic temperature is retrieved from the analysis of multiple-line absorption spectra of the NH${}_{3}$ ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ band, adopting semiclassical line-shape models and taking into full account the speed dependence of collisional broadening. We demonstrate that a precision of approximately five parts over 10${}^{5}$ can be reached as a result of the analysis of only 90 absorption spectra, as acquired as a function of the gas pressure.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Real 2D presentation of spatial solids and real presentation rate with fuzzy pattern recognition II&amp;#x2014;methods and visualization

The axonometric drawing is one of the 3-D object presentations with 2-D. For the coordinate measuring view, fuzzy pattern recognition is utilized, providing the concrete methods and visualized steps for evaluation and determination of the real presentation, analyzing the real presentation rates for the axonometric drawing. Results show that for non-concave solids, the usual solution with ¿real 2-D presentation¿ is the normal trimetric drawing. However, on special occasions, the normal trimetric drawing is not the desired design. For more common situations, it is convenient and efficient to employ the fuzzy pattern recognition put forward by the author to determine the presenting angle and the real presentation rate.

Topic: Image and Object Detection Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stress transmission in planar disordered solid foams

Stress transmission in planar open-cell cellular solids is analysed using a\nrecent theory developed for marginally rigid granular assemblies. This is made\npossible by constructing a one-to-one mapping between the two systems. General\ntrivalent networks are mapped onto assemblies of rough grains, while networks\nwhere Plateau rules are observed, are mapped onto assemblies of smooth grains.\nThe constitutive part of the stress transmission equations couples the stress\ndirectly to the local rotational disorder of the cellular structure via a new\nfabric tensor. An intriguing consequence of the analysis is that the stress\nfield can be determined in terms of the microstructure alone independent of\nstress-strain information. This redefines the problem of structure-property\nrelationship in these materials and poses questions on the relations between\nthis formalism and elasticity theory. The deviation of the stress transmission\nequations from those of conventional solids has been interpreted in the context\nof granular assemblies as a new state of solid matter and the relevance of this\ninterpretation to the state of matter of cellular solids is discussed.\n

Topic: Cellular and Composite Structures
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Editorial: Nutrition, precision and nature: the focus on the individual, not the average individual

aUCL Division of Medicine bUCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK cSchool of Biomedical Sciences dSchool of Food and Agriculture, Orono, Maine, USA Correspondence to Anastasia Z. Kalea, PhD, RD, Associate Professor, UCL Division of Medicine; University College London, London, UK. E-mail: [email protected]

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kinematic Analysis of Hand-spring Soalto Forward Tucked and Hand-spring Soalto Forward Picked

The purpose of this study was to compare hand-spring soalto forward tucked with hand-spring soalto forward picked; the change of center of gravity, the time required per pace, joint angle, angle speed, and joint speed. Three dimensional analysis method was used and the subjects who participated in this study comprised 4 gymnasts in college. Major findings of this study were as follows : 1. The center of gravity of hand-spring soalto forward tucked was higher than hand-spring soalto forward picked. 2. The time required per pace was almost similar at the 1st, 2nd, and the 3rd paces. At the 4th pace, hand-spring soalto forward tucked was 0.04 seconds faster than hand-spring soalto forward picked. At the 5th pace, hand-spring soalto forward picked was 0.03 seconds faster than hand-spring soalto forward tucked. 3. Average body joint angles such as elbow joint angle, shoulder joint angle, and hip joint angle per pace do not show big differences, however, at the 4th pace, knee joint angle was shown to be expended about expended position(72 degrees) was shown during hand-spring soalto forward tucked than hand-spring soalto forward picked. 4. Average angle speed per event was shown that during hand-spring soalto forward tucked elbow joint angle speed and shoulder joint angle speed were higher than those of hand-spring soalto forward picked. Meanwhile during hand-spring soalto forward tucked, hip joint speed and knee joint speed were higher that those of hand-spring soalto forward picked. 5. Average joint speed was shown that there is little difference between elbow joint speed and knee joint speed. Shoulder joint speed was relatively higher during hand-spring soalto forward tucked and hip joint speed was relatively higher during hand-spring soalto forward picked.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fast-Track Arbitration in the Zagreb Rules 2015

Usporedbom vremena potrebnog za rjesavanje trgovackih sporova u sudskom i arbitražnom postupku nalazimo niz argumenata u prilog arbitraže. Međutim, kako i arbitražni postupak u pojedinim složenijim predmetima može trajati dulje od godine dana, preispituju se mogucnosti skracenja tih rokova i uvođenja pravila o ubrzanim arbitražnim postupcima. Iako promjena normativnog okvira pravila arbitražnih institucija sama po sebi ne dovodi do rjesenja svih problema nastalih u praksi, u arbitražnim krugovima je prisutan normativni optimizam uslijed kojeg vecina smatra da je uvođenje pravila o ubrzanim arbitražnim postupcima poželjno. U skladu s tim, pojedine arbitražne institucije koje su vec uvele pravila o ubrzanim arbitražnim postupcima ostvaruju izvrsne rezultate, jer udio ubrzanih arbitražnih postupaka u ukupnom broju zaprimljenih predmeta iznosi 30%-40%. Međutim, problemi arbitraže koji se vezuju uz ustedu vremena i troskova u arbitražnom postupku ne rjesavaju se samo pravilima o ubrzanim arbitražnim postupcima, vec nizom drugih mjera usmjerenih na osiguravanje viseg stupnja discipline stranaka, njihovih zastupnika i arbitara. Slijedeci komparativne modele, Stalno arbitražno sudiste pri HGK u Zagrebu odlucilo je u Zagrebacka pravila 2015 unijeti posebna pravila o ubrzanom arbitražnom postupku. Novine koja pravila donose odnose se na uspostavu posebnog vrijednosnog kriterija za razlikovanje redovne i ubrzane arbitražne procedure, elektronicku komunikaciju suda i stranaka i primjenu dokaza u pisanom obliku, donosenje pravorijeka na temelju navoda iz tužbe i pravorijeka bez održavanja rocista. Nadamo se da ce pravila o ubrzanim arbitražnim postupcima osigurati donosenje pravorijeka u ocekivanom roku za stranke.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
“Shoot! Can We Restart the Interview?”: Lessons From Practicing “Uncomfortable Reflexivity”

Failure is a typical experience in research, but it is largely taboo in published studies. In recent years, however, we can observe a small yet growing body of literature on failure in qualitative research to address this gap. In this article, I contribute my experiences of failed interviews in a mixed-methods study in Germany to this body of literature and highlight some aspects of failure that have not yet received enough attention. First, in my example, it was not only one interview or a few interviews that failed; rather, it seemed that the whole study failed in design due to particular methodical decisions. Second, failed research presents an intellectual challenge, but it also produces emotional and social trouble because failed research might be attributed to a failed researcher. This may be one reason failure is so damaging for one’s well-being and so difficult to share. Nevertheless, practicing some form of “uncomfortable reflexivity” (Pillow, 2003) via qualitative, close analysis helped me navigate the research process, gain methodical insights and substantive results. Third, I share lessons that might be useful for other researchers: reading literature on failure, the search for a safe and supportive space, and analyzing failure as closely and early as possible.

Topic: Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SENSING INTERACTION DYNAMICS OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS WITHIN A CHAOS THEORY AND MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY GEOMATH WITH APPLICATION TO NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Paper is devoted to studying dynamics of the nonlinear neuro-physiological systems identifying the presence of chaotic elements. The mutual information approach, correlation integral analysis, false nearest neighbour algorithm, Lyapunov exponent's analysis, and surrogate data method are used for comprehensive characterization on the basis of Geomath microsystem technology. The correlation dimension method provided a low fractal-dimensional attractor thus suggesting a possibility of the existence of chaotic behavior. Statistical significance of the results was confirmed by testing for a surrogate data. We also present the concrete numerical results regarding the ensembles fluctuations of spontaneous Parkinsonian tremor and fluctuations of the local potential.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Light Model for Super-Resolution of Remote Sensing Images

Abstract Remote sensing image super-resolution is an important research topic, which helps to improve the quality of remote sensing images. However, because remote sensing images are usually quite large while the satellite equipment often have low computing capacity and small memory, it is appealing to develop lightweight and fast models to perform the super-resolution task for the remote sensing images. In this paper, we empirically study the effectiveness of conventional super-resolution approaches for remote sensing images, and propose an effective way to reduce the model parameters and computational cost. Specifically, motivated by Res2Net, we design a new multi-scale hierarchy residual block to replace the ResBlock in EDSR to provide a more diverse receptive field for each residual block. The proposed modified method has fewer parameters and faster speed compared with the original EDSR. Moreover, we also build two benchmark super-resolution datasets (i.e., DOTA-SR and LEVIR-SR) from DOTA and LEVIR-CD, respectively, for experimental evaluation. We perform experiments on the two datasets, and results show that our method is light and have comparable performance over the existing super-resolution baselines.

Topic: Advanced Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Parahydrogen–Orthohydrogen Conversion for Enhanced Vapor-Cooled Shielding of Liquid Oxygen Tanks

Long-term space missions require minimized boil-off from liquid hydrogen and oxygen tanks to increase the payload mass fraction at launch. Vapor-cooled shielding technologies can use liquid hydrogen boil-off vapors to refrigerate and potentially eliminate boil-off from liquid oxygen tanks. Statistical thermodynamic calculations estimate that the amount of refrigeration provided by hydrogen for a liquid oxygen tank can be increased up to 50% through catalysis of parahydrogen–orthohydrogen conversion. Based on this prediction, a cryocatalysis hydrogen experiment facility was developed as a proof of concept. Hydrogen is liquefied in a noncatalytic condenser and vapor venting controlled via a proportional-integral-derivative controller. The effective heat capacity of the effluent is measured directly through a change in temperature of the known mass flow and applied heater power. The change in parahydrogen–orthohydrogen composition is validated independently with a thermal conductivity probe calibrated in situ. A maximum increase in the effective heat capacity of 35% was observed for hydrogen flow through activated ferric-oxide catalyst at a mass flow rate of . This result indicates that significant reductions to in-space venting of hydrogen and oxygen are possible through vapor-cooled shielding technologies that catalyze parahydrogen–orthohydrogen conversion.

Topic: Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
10. A Taste for Play

The protagonists of Chapter 10 (by Tatiana Barchunova and Habeck) are people who participate in live-action role-playing (LARP). Stylisation here is of great importance, in that attire and comportment are highly reflexive and intended to be taken as signifiers. Interestingly, the shift between the two modes of life – play versus ordinary life – usually requires some movement in space, and switching between these two modes is a form of mobility in its own right.

Topic: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) on Impulsive Buying of Skintific Among Gen Z: A Conceptual Framework

The development of technology and social media has significantly influenced consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z, who are more connected to digital platforms than any other generation. One emerging phenomenon that has gained attention in this context is FoMO (Fear of Missing Out), a psychological response to the anxiety of missing out on experiences or information that others have, often aggravated by constant exposure to social media updates. This anxiety can drive individuals, particularly younger consumers, to engage in impulsive buying behaviors as a means to ease their fear of being left out. This research aims to investigate the impact of FoMO on impulsive buying, with a particular focus on the Skintific brand, a popular beauty product among Gen Z. The methodology employed in this study includes a literature review on FoMO and impulsive buying behavior, discussing key issues and concepts related to these variables as explored in previous research. While existing studies highlight a significant relationship between FoMO and impulsive buying, specific studies focusing on this dynamic within the context of beauty product purchases among Gen Z remain limited. The current lack of empirical data on this relationship emphasizes the need for further exploration, which this research seeks to address by constructing a conceptual framework that emphasizes both variables and their interconnections.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Upregulation of expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum by TGF-beta 1 in cultured rat cardiac myocytes

The effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on the function and structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were studied in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. The cardiac myocytes at days 2 and 6 of culture exhibited spontaneous contraction; however, the rate of contraction increased and became regular, depending on culture day. Ryanodine and norepinephrine (NE) increased the rate of contraction and frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in myocytes at day 2 of culture. Ryanodine did not affect the spontaneous contraction in nontreated and TGF-beta 1-treated myocytes. On the other hand, NE caused negative and positive chronotropic responses in nontreated and TGF-beta 1-treated cells, respectively. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, ryanodine and NE did not affect the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the nontreated cells, whereas NE increased [Ca2+]i but ryanodine did not in the TGF-beta 1-treated cells. SR structures in TGF-beta 1-treated cells developed more than those in nontreated cells. The results indicate that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the upregulation of SR function and structure of cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences