jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrochromic Polymer Ink Derived from a Sidechain‐Modified EDOT for Electrochromic Devices with Colorless Bright State

Abstract Printable organic electrochromic materials are the key component of flexible low power and low weight displays and dynamic shading systems. A vast number of more or less well‐performing materials is reported in the literature, but only a very limited number of them have been tested in an industrially‐relevant environment so far. Upscaling requires simplicity of synthesis, overall sustainability, low cost and compatibility with simple and high throughput wet‐chemical deposition techniques, such as slot‐die coating or inkjet printing. In the present paper, an original process is described that enables the controlled oxidative polymerization of a water insoluble, functionalized 3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) derivative. This process leads to the formation of an ink that consists solely of active polymeric material (no dispersing agents) and has suitable rheological properties for use in roll‐to‐roll slot‐die coating or ink‐jet printing. The straightforward deposition, followed by a simple thermal treatment, directly yields stable and homogeneous thin films with state‐of‐the‐art electrochromic performance.

Topic: Conducting polymers and applications
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Unsafe Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Using a Robust Surrogate Assay for Pluripotency

Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have the potential to generate healthy cells and tissues for the study and medical treatment of a large number of diseases. The utility of putative hiPSC-based therapies is constrained by a lack of robust quality-control assays that address the stability of the cells or their capacity to form teratomas after differentiation. Here we report that virally derived hiPSC, but not human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or hiPSC derived using episomal nonintegrating vectors, exhibit a propensity to revert to a pluripotent phenotype following differentiation. This instability was revealed using our published method to identify pluripotent cells undergoing very early-stage differentiation in standard hESC cultures, by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based on expression of the cell surface markers TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2. Differentiated cells cultured post-FACS fractionation from virally derived hiPSC lines reacquired immunoreactivity to TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2, formed stem cell-like colonies, and re-expressed canonical pluripotency markers. Furthermore, differentiated cells from pluripotency-reverting hiPSC lines generated teratomas in immunocompromised mice, raising concerns about their safety in downstream applications. In contrast, differentiated cell populations from hESC and episomally derived hiPSC did not show any of these abnormalities. Our assays may be used to identify “unsafe” hiPSC cell lines and this information should be considered when selecting hiPSC lines for clinical use and indicate that experiments using these “unsafe” hiPSC lines should be interpreted carefully.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Barytoma of the Rectum

Two cases of barytoma of the rectum in a 33-year-old female and an 81-year-old male are presented. The cases were detected 4 1/2 and 3 months, respectively, after a barium enema. The morphologic, histochemical and radiologic findings are described. The pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis are then discussed in the light of the literature.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Notes on the type specimen of Lepidium pseudopapillosum (Brassicaceae) and its presence and conservation status in New South Wales, Australia

The holotype of Lepidium pseudopapillosum Thell. was previously thought to have been collected in New South Wales, Australia, and has been the only specimen lending credence to its occurrence in the state. A review of the type specimen has shown that this is not the case and that the location ascribed to the type in the protologue is in error. It is here posed that L. pseudopapillosum is restricted to South Australia and Victoria, and that in New South Wales this name has been misapplied to L. ginninderrense N.H.Scarlett. The conservation status on state and Commonwealth legislation should be amended to reflect this correction by removing L. pseudopapillosum from New South Wales conservation legislation but listing the species as endangered nationally.

Topic: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CUSTOM-MADE OCULAR PROSTHESIS: A CASE REPORT

Ocular prostheses are essential for helping people who have lost their sight through acquired or congenital defects to regain both the appearance and functionality of their eyes. Treatment includes implants and acrylic eye prosthesis. Although implant eye prosthesis has superior outcome, due to economic factors it may not be advisable for all patients. Therefore, a custom-made ocular prosthesis was fabricated in this case report for a patient with an enucleated left eye. The outstanding visual t, increased comfort, and boosted condence of the patient were all made possible by the custom-made prosthesis, which eventually resulted in an improved quality of life.

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation and Morphological Characteristics of some Newly–Introduce Grape Cultivars under Egyptian Environmental Conditions

The present study was conducted for evaluating the morphological characteristics of newly introduce grape cultivars namely Starlight, Sugrafourteen, Midnight Beauty and Autumn crisp under the environmental Egyptian conditions, during three successive seasons 2019, 2020 & 2021 in private vineyard located at El-Sadat city Monofia governorate.The vines were five years old and planted in sandy loam soil.The results showed that all cultivars had fully opened tip, tip of tendrils was tri-fid except midnight beauty had di-tri fid, tendrils.Flower sexual organs had fully developed stamens and fully developed gynoecium.Mature leaf was very large, shape of blade was pentagonal in starlight and Midnight Beauty but it was circular in Sugrafourteen and Autumn crisp.Depth of the upper lateral sinuses in starlight was deep and in Sugrafourteen was very shallow, while it was very deep in midnight Beauty and shallow in Autumn crisp.The arrangement of lobs of upper sinuses was slightly overlapped in starlight and Autumn crisp cvs., closed in Sografourteen cv. but strongly overlapped in Miednight Beauty cv.Arrangements of lobes of petioles were wide open in all cultivars except Sugrafourteen cv. was slight overlapped.Petiole shape was club shaped in Sugrafourteen but u-shape in the other cultivars, Type of margin was irregularly dentate and the apical tooth was pointed.All cultivars were seedless.Starlight and Sugrafourteen were "early ripening", Midnight Beauty was" early-medium" ripening but Autumn crisp "late" cultivars.Bunch was big in all cultivars (more than 500g) and dense.Berry was large size in all cultivars with broad ellipsoid shape in Starlight ovoid shape in Sugrafourteen and cylindroid shape in Midnight Beauty and Autumn crisp cvs.Berry skin color was pink in Starlight cv., red in Sugrafourteen, black in Midnight beauty cv. and yellow green in Autumn crisp.The studied cultivars were characterized by good vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality.It is advised to prune Sugrafourteen cv. to cane pruning system while the other cultivars with spure pruning system.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Wastes and the waste repositories in which they reside are becoming targets for resource recovery, both for legacy wastes and for future waste arisings as part of a desire to move toward a circular economy. There is an urgent requirement to explore concepts for practicable technologies that can be applied to these ends. This paper presents a synthesis of concepts concerning in situ technologies (developed from mining and contaminated land remediation industries) that have enormous potential for application to technospheric mining. Furthermore, potential target waste streams and their mineralogy and character are presented along with a discussion concerning lixiviant and metal capture systems that could be applied. Issues of preferential flow (critical to the success of in situ techniques) and how to control it with engineering measures are discussed in detail. It is clear that in situ recovery of metals from anthropogenic ores is a novel technology area that links new sustainable remediation approaches for contaminated materials and technospheric mining for closing material loops, and warrants the further research and development of technologies applicable to major waste streams.

Topic: Extraction and Separation Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Racial disparities in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure outcomes

Objective The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is an important intervention for management of complications of portal hypertension. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of mortality from the TIPS procedure with a focus on race and ethnicity. Design TIPS procedures from 2012 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample were identified. Weighting was applied to generate nationally representative results. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. χ 2 and Student’s t-tests were performed for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Predictors of mortality following TIPS were assessed by survey-weighted logistic regression. Results 17 175 (95% CI 16 254 to 18 096) TIPS cases were identified. Approximately 71% were non-Hispanic (NH) white, 6% were NH black, 16% were Hispanic and 7% were other. NH black patients undergoing TIPS had an in-hospital mortality rate of 20.1%, nearly double the in-hospital mortality of any other racial or ethnic group. NH black patients also had significantly longer median postprocedure and total lengths of stay (p=0.03 and p&lt;0.001, respectively). The interaction of race by clinical indication was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality (p&lt;0.001). NH black patients had increased mortality compared with other racial/ethnic groups when presenting with bleeding oesophageal varices (OR 3.85, 95% CI 2.14 to 6.95). Conclusion This cohort study presents important findings in end-stage liver disease care, with clear racial disparities in in-hospital outcomes following the TIPS procedure. Specifically, black patients had significantly higher in-hospital mortality and longer lengths of stay. Further research is needed to understand how we can better care for black patients with liver disease.

Topic: Liver Disease and Transplantation
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Limits of resolution tools under the BRRD and the Czech act on recovery procedures and the financial market crisis resolution

Given the unique position of credit institutions and their systemic importance for the financial stability, their resolution has been traditionally entrusted to supervisory authorities rather than courts. As a result, credit institutions are essentially excluded from the scope of “traditional” insolvency procedure and fall under the resolution regime constituting specific form of administrative proceedings. Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (known as the BRRD) is of a particular consequence here as it harmonized the resolution process at the level of the European Union and the European Economic Area, inter alia through the implementation of specific resolution tools. This article deals with conditions for applicability of such resolution tools, their fundamental mechanics as well as legal implications arising thereunder, considering also the Act on Recovery Procedures and the Financial Market Crisis Resolution under which the BRRD has been implemented into Czech law.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Electronic structure of metal–semiconductor interfaces

In a recent paper, we investigated the electronic properties of a set of Ge–Al lattice-matched interfaces. These interfaces were constructed by placing an ideal (001)Ge substrate next to a 45° rotated (001)Al film. In all cases the Ge–Al interatomic distance was kept fixed at some ad hoc value. Using a self-consistent pseudopotential approach, we now extend these calculations to consider the case where the interlayer distance is fixed for the on top and interstitial model but the Ge–Al interatomic distance is allowed to vary. One striking result of our calculation is that the differences among diverse interface geometries lead only to small differences in electronic properties if the interlayer distance is kept fixed. Single atomic metal overlayer calculations by Chelikowsky, and Zhang and Schluter in different configurations show more pronounced differences. Our results indicate that inclusion of more than one metal layer tends to smear out these differences. We also calculate an optimal geometrical arrangement by minimizing the total energy of the system. We critically discuss the weakly interacting cluster model and the chemisorption model of metal–semiconductor interfaces and place our work in context. We also present a semiclassical calculation which relates the interface density of occupied states to surface quantized level spacing. It suggests a possible surface absorption experiment for determining this state density. Future ramifications of our idealized model and the role it can play in simulating interfacial chemical reactions are briefly stated.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Failed Bolus Clearance in Patients With Dysphagia

Introduction: A substantial number of patients experience dysphagia symptom but whether dysphagia is correlated with actual impairment of bolus clearance and whether prolonged dysphagia symptom is related with increased risk of bolus clearance is not well established. We aim to identify correlation between impaired bolus clearance and dysphagia symptom. Methods: We identified 64 patients who underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) due to dysphagia symptom at a large university gastroenterology motility center from 2014 to 2016. A control group was defined as 122 patients without dysphagia symptom who underwent HREM for other indications or other symptoms such as reflux, cough, dysphonia, etc. Impaired bolus clearance was defined as bolus clearance <50% on HREM. Results: Among 64 patients who underwent HREM for dysphagia symptom, 39.1% did not have impaired bolus clearance. There was no difference in impaired bolus clearance in patients with or without dysphagia symptom (dysphagia 60.3% vs. no dysphagia 53.3%, P=0.361). In patients with dysphagia, there was no difference in duration of dysphagia symptom in patients with or without impaired bolus clearance (normal bolus clearance vs impaired bolus clearance: 52.4 vs 61.3% in 10 years, P=0.216). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was no association between impaired bolus clearance and dysphagia symptom (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.40-1.39, P=0.362) or dysphagia symptom duration (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.53-1.79, P=0.939). Conclusion: Almost half of the patients who experienced dysphagia symptom did not have demonstrable impaired bolus clearance. Presence of dysphagia symptom or duration of dysphagia was not associated with impaired bolus clearance.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Unburnt areas in subtropical woodlands contain distinct reptile communities after extensive wildfire

Abstract Extensive wildfires can have profound impacts on fauna communities by altering the vegetation structure and resource availability. However, unburnt areas within a fire mosaic may be important habitat for wildlife while the surrounding area recovers after fire. To understand the importance of unburnt vegetation for reptiles, we studied community assemblages at 15 burnt and 15 unburnt sites in a subtropical woodland 12 months after a 25 000 ha wildfire. We tested the relative importance of unburnt areas and structural attributes on reptile abundance, richness, and community composition across this landscape. Unburnt areas had higher species richness and diversity, but not overall abundance. Reptile community composition differed significantly between burnt and unburnt areas. Woody debris, which was retained in unburnt areas but depleted in burnt areas, was positively associated with increased reptile diversity and richness. Our results suggest that unburnt areas are vital for maintaining reptile diversity and richness within a woodland landscape after wildfire. These findings demonstrate the importance of ensuring fire management programs retain unburnt patches of vegetation in fire‐prone landscapes to sustain reptile communities.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kurata Ogawa of Japanese fleet and party, Southern California, 1930

2 photographs of Kurata Ogawa of Japanese fleet and party, Southern California, 1930. "Subject: Kurata Ogawa of Japanese fleet and party; Client: National Automotive School; Original print order: 3 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy], 1 ea[ch] No. 10 at 75¢; Re-order: 3#2, 1-#2, 11-#2; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Year: 1930; Job: 1-31-173" -- on envelope front. "Extra charges: #14745; Original photographs-Size: 2, 8x10, In City, 3.00; Operator's report (Name): Dick" -- on envelope back.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unwinding Behavior of and Load Prediction for Protective Tube Around Fiber-Optic Cable

심해 군사 작전에서 유도체의 타격 성능 향상은 모함과 유도체가 광 케이블을 통하여 안정적인 통신을 유지함으로써 가능하다. 이 때 광 케이블은 엉킴 및 절단과 같은 풀림 불량을 방지하기 위해 보호 튜브에 의해 보호된다. 또한 보호 튜브는 전단 핀에 의해 유도체와 연결되며, 전단 핀의 파손에 의해 유도체는 보호 튜브와 분리된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유도체 및 보호 튜브를 모델링하고, 유도체의 운동에 따른 보호 튜브의 풀림 거동을 분석하며 전단 핀에 작용하는 동적 하중을 예측한다. 유도체와 보호 튜브는 질점으로 구성하며, 일정 길이 구속으로 연결한다. 전단 핀에 작용하는 하중은 실험 결과와 비교 검증하며, 이를 바탕으로 보호 튜브의 거동을 예측한다.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning about learning: a conundrum and a possible resolution

What is it to learn in the modern world? We can identify four learning epochs through which our understanding of learning has passed: a metaphysical view; an empirical view; an experiential view; and, currently, a learning-amid-contestation view. In this last and current view, learning has its place in a world in which, the more one learns, the more one is aware of counter positions and perspectives. Here is a conundrum for learning here becomes a kind of un-learning. This learning calls for the development among students of certain kinds of dispositions and qualities. These dispositions and qualities provide resources that enable students to venture forwards to enquire in a world in which every position and every perspective is subject to contestation. Learning here becomes the formation of a radical-butactive-doubt . Such a view of learning for the twenty-first century points to a poverty in the notion of 'learning outcomes', if learning is incessant but self-doubting enquiry. This learning has no outcome except the continuing formation – largely a self-formation – of the student's being. This view of learning opens the way for possibilities in curricula and pedagogy, possibilities that both unsettle students but which also help them to develop the inner resources to go on learning in a difficult world.

Topic: Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Mating behaviour of the Pycnopogon fasciculatus Loew (Diptera, Asilidae)].

Zusammenfassung

1
Bei der Raubfliege Pycnopogon fasciculatus vollfuhrt das ♂ vor dem sitzenden ♀ eine Flugbalz, die hauptsachlich anhand von Filmaufnahmen analysiert wurde. Das ♂ schwebt bei der Flugbalz dicht vor dem ♀, schwenkt dann bis 10 cm nach hinten aus, um auf der gleichen Flugbahn stosartig nach vorne vor das ♀ zu fliegen. Diesen Hin- und Herflug wiederholt das ♂ durchschnittlich 28mal. Zu Beginn der Flugbalz orientiert sich das ♂ durch Ertasten des weiblichen Vorderendes. Das ♂ halt die Beine an den beiden Umkehrpunkten der Flugbahn ganz verschieden (vgl. Abb. 2 c), zeigt aber keine Landehaltung. Flugtechnisch scheint die Veranderung der Beinstellung wenig Bedeutung zu haben. Ob die Beinhaltung vor dem ♀ aus einer ritualisierten Beuteubergabe hervorgegangen ist, bleibt offen. Das ♀ zeigt seine Abwehrbereitschaft bei der Flugbalz durch ritualisiertes Wackeln hochgehaltener Hinterbeine.

2
Das ♂ vollfuhrt seine Flugbalz auch vor toten, artgleichen ♀ und ♂♂ und auch vor artfremden, z. T. groseren Fliegen. Die Flugbalz ist kurzer als vor lebenden ♀♀ (durchschnittlich nur 14 Anfluge) und fuhrt wegen des Fehlens von Abwehrsignalen des ♂ doppelt so haufig zu einem unmittelbar anschliesenden Kopulationsversuch.

3
Sitzende ♂♂ schlagen gegen anfliegende ♂♂ ihre Vorderbeine schnell abwechselnd in die Luft. Dieses Vorderbeinwirbeln tritt auch beim Schweben des ♂ vor dem ♀ wahrend der Balz auf und wird als Abwehrhandlung gedeutet. Durch das Vorderbeinwirbeln gegen andere ♂♂ kommt es unter naturlichen Umstanden nicht zur Flugbalz vor sitzenden ♂♂.

4
♀♀ vertreiben arteigene ♀♀ und artfremde Fliegen haufig von ihrem Sitzast durch Anlaufen mit schrag angestellten, seitlich abgespreizten Flugeln.

5
Das ♂ versucht in 31 % der Falle die Kopulation unmittelbar nach der Flugbalz (n = 96). Nicht Hochhalten der Hinterbeine des ♀ lost beim ♂ einen Kopulationsversuch aus. Die Kopulation dauert mindestens 15 min und vollzieht sich in der “end-to-end position”.

6
Das Paarungsverhalten von Pycnopogon fasciculatus last sich als Handlungskette darstellen (Tab. 2).

7
Das Paarungsverhalten der rauberischen, in einigen Fallen auch kannibalischen Asilidenfamilie ist sehr unterschiedlich. Auser Flugbalz ist Balz auf fester Unterlage und Uberwaltigung des ♀ durch das ♂ ohne vorausgehende Balzhandlungen bekannt.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences