jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection and pose estimation of human face with synthesized image models

This paper presents a new method for detecting a human face, and estimating its pose while tracking it in real image sequences. The virtue of the method is that parameterized qualitative features derived from a lot of sampled facial images are introduced in the detection process, and in the face tracking process, some temporary model images of the face with various poses are synthesized by a texture mapping technique and utilized. While tracking the detected face, many model images are accumulated and the pose of the human face is estimated as a linear combination of correlations between the models.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sequential Optimization in Locally Important Dimensions

Optimizing an expensive, black-box function f(·) is challenging when its input space is high-dimensional. Sequential design frameworks first model f(·) with a surrogate function and then optimize an acquisition function to determine input settings to evaluate next. Optimization of both f(·) and the acquisition function benefit from effective dimension reduction. Global variable selection detects and removes input variables that do not affect f(·) across the input space. Further dimension reduction may be possible if we consider local variable selection around the current optimum estimate. We develop a sequential design algorithm called <i>sequential optimization in locally important dimensions</i> (SOLID) that incorporates global and local variable selection to optimize a continuous, differentiable function. SOLID performs local variable selection by comparing the surrogate’s predictions in a localized region around the estimated optimum with the <i>p</i> alternative predictions made by removing each input variable. The search space of the acquisition function is further restricted to focus only on the variables that are deemed locally active, leading to greater emphasis on refining the surrogate model in locally active dimensions. A simulation study across multiple test functions and an application to the Sarcos robot dataset show that SOLID outperforms conventional approaches. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Topic: Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular characterization of Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from animal feeds

Animal feeds are targets of contamination by aflatoxin producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus. It is the most prevalent and producer of AFB1, a potent mutagen and carcinogen in humans and animals. The recent molecular and phenotypic data demonstrated existence of different genetic lineages within this species. In this study, we used a combination of morphological and molecular methods to characterize isolated fungal specimens. Figures and tables: 1-Phenotypic characterization of A. flavus isolates grown on A flavus/parasiticus agar (AFPA) medium. 2-Analysis of PCR products of the five Aspergillus flavus isolates. 3-PCR/RFLP analysis of fungal amplicons. 4-Aspergillus flavus isolates identity from NBCI blast. 5-Genbank accession numbers of the Aspergillus flavus isolates. 6-Alignment of aflR-aflS(J) intergenic spacer region sequences in A. flavus isolates and reference strains. 7-Maximum Likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic relationships between the examined Aspergillus flavus strains and reference strains, based on aflR/aflS(J) intergenic sequence.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Crystal structure of oxide layers on Mo‐added Fe‐Cr Alloys studied by GIXS and XPS

The grazing incident X‐ray scattering (GIXS) and XPS measurements were carried out for as‐polished surfaces of polycrystalline Fe‐Cr ferritic alloys with and without Mo. The GIXS patterns from the oxide layers consist of the diffraction peaks from Cr 2 O 3 and the broad scattering peaks. The intensities of the diffraction peaks tended to increase as the thickness of the oxide layers on the samples became larger and their content of Cr estimated by XPS decreased. However, the intensities of the diffraction peaks changed independently of the alloy compositions as well as the dependence of the thickness and Cr content of the layers on the alloy compositions. Contaminations such as Na and S spontaneously mixed during polishing treatments are considered to be a possible reason of the formation of crystalline Cr 2 O 3 on the surfaces. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Fusion materials and technologies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unique Skin Metastasis from Recurrent Cancer. Case Report

Iordanis Papadopoulos Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, Alexander Technological Educational Foundation, Thessaloniki, GreeceCorrespondence: Iordanis Papadopoulos Email driordanis@yahoo.grIntroduction: Cutaneous metastasis is defined as the dissemination of malignant cells from a primary tumor to the skin. Skin may be affected by tumors, either through direct invasion from an adjacent organ or by cutaneous metastasis from an internal organ malignancy. We report a case of a 75-year-old female patient with skin metastasis 8 years after the initial treatment of primary breast cancer.Patient Concern: The patient presented only with papules and nodular skin lesions in the left lateral abdominal area, without any other clinical manifestations.Diagnosis: All laboratory tests were normal. Histological examinati revealed the infiltration of the dermis by tumor cells.Interventions/Outcome: After the diagnosis of skin metastasis, she was treated with chemotherapy with complete remission of skin lesions.Conclusion: Skin metastasis from internal organs is rarely the first sign. In this case, skin metastasis was the only clinical sign and the only diagnostic tool to drive to the correct diagnosis of a recurrent cancer after 8 years. Dermatologists might be the first doctors to facilitate the diagnosis of skin metastasis.Keywords: skin metastases, breast cancer, neoplasm metastases

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neurologic Manifestations of Viral Outbreaks

Abstract Infectious outbreaks are commonly bacterial and food-borne and may become deadly due to sepsis. Viral outbreaks causing neurologic manifestations are primarily seasonal and are often bound to a geographic region. 1–5 The periodical presentation of these outbreaks may trigger a higher index of suspicion during certain months, but only when the number of affected patients quickly rises will it become clear that an outbreak is emerging. An increase in neurotropic Flavivirus infections transmitted by arthropods has been observed over the last decades, and neurons in both the brain and spinal cord can be the primary targets. There is a suggestion that climate change may be to some extent responsible for increased incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. 2,4 Intensivists and neurologists should become familiar with these viral outbreaks. Other vector-borne outbreaks are predominantly located in the tropics (dengue, schistosomiasis, and trypanomiasis) and not further considered.

Topic: Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermophysical modeling of raw glaze liquidus temperature and viscosity

Abstract Raw glazes, which do not contain pre‐melted glass frits, are widely used due to their low cost. The natural variability of the mineral compositions used in raw glazes affects their viscosity during firing. Molten glaze viscosity plays an important role in determining the final surface quality; therefore, it is important to determine how raw glaze composition and firing conditions affect viscosity. Thermophysical modeling provides a way to evaluate the liquidus temperature and viscosity of molten glazes as a function of composition and oxygen activity. Equilibrium phase volume fraction and composition of 242 raw glaze recipes were evaluated under oxidizing and reducing conditions. Undissolved or precipitation of solid phases explains the secondary flux transition from anti‐fluxing to fluxing near the liquidus temperature. The liquidus temperature and viscosity of iron glazes decrease as a function of increasing iron content under a reducing atmosphere. The empirical probability distribution of molten glaze viscosity follows a lognormal distribution, with lead glazes having significantly lower viscosity compared with glazes without lead. The peak firing temperature viscosity of lead‐free glazes is near the working point of glass. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that the peak firing temperature viscosity and liquidus temperature significantly predict the viscosity factor.

Topic: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Linear IgA Disease: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Linear IgA disease (LAD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease with linear IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone. Direct immunofluorescence remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but other diagnostic measures reported in recent literature have proven useful in the setting of inconclusive preliminary results. Dapsone is a commonly used treatment, but many therapeutic agents have emerged in recent years. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of updates on the diagnosis and management of LAD. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted from May to June of 2021 for articles published in the last 5 years that were related to the diagnosis and management of LAD. Results: False-negative results in cases of drug-induced LAD and the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies on immunofluorescence studies were reported. Serration pattern analysis has been reported to be useful in distinguishing LAD from sublamina densa-type LAD. Rituximab, omalizumab, etanercept, IVIg, sulfonamides, topical corticosteroids, and others have been used successfully in adult and pediatric patients with varying disease severity. Topical corticosteroids were preferred for pediatric patients while rituximab and IVIg were used in adults with recalcitrant LAD. Sulfonamides were utilized in places without access to dapsone. Conclusion: In cases where preliminary biopsy results are negative and clinical suspicion is high, repeat biopsy and additional diagnostic studies should be used. Patient factors such as age, medical comorbidities, and disease severity play a role in therapeutic selection.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The protective effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) against meloxicam-induced renal and hepatic damage in male rats

Meloxicam is an effective member of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) family, with the main use for r e lieving inflammation and moderate to severe pain, but its use for treatment of acute and chronic conditions is associated with several adverse effects on the liver and kidneys. Ashwagandha Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal ( Solanaceae ) is classified as an important component in Ayurvedic medicine due to its several health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pro p erties, which may offer protective effects against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective properties of ashwagandha against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage. We conducted the study using 21 male rats. These rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 7 rats in each group. These were the c ontrol group: admini s tered oral normal saline only , the m eloxicam treated group: administered 1.5 mg/kg via oral route for 20 days; the ashwagandha- m eloxicam treated group: administered a combination of ashwagandha (200 mg/kg) and meloxicam (1.5 mg/kg) orally for 20 days. The results revealed a significant decrease in the hepatic and renal parameters in the ashwagandha-meloxicam group compared to the meloxicam group. Histopathological study of the liver and kidney s show s a partial amelioration of the damage triggered by meloxicam in the ashwagandha-meloxicam group. This study concluded that t he administration of ashwagandha may impart protective effects against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage in male rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ashwagandha may reveal its capacity to counteract the organ damage associated with NSAIDs use.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Different Patterns in Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations in Untrained Individuals Undergoing Nonperiodized and Periodized Strength Regimens

Abstract De Souza, EO, Tricoli, V, Rauch, J, Alvarez, MR, Laurentino, G, Aihara, AY, Cardoso, FN, Roschel, H, and Ugrinowitsch, C. Different patterns in muscular strength and hypertrophy adaptations in untrained individuals undergoing non-periodized and periodized strength regimens. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1238–1244, 2018—This study investigated the effects of nonperiodized (NP), traditional periodization (TP), and daily undulating periodization (UP) regimens on muscle strength and hypertrophy in untrained individuals. Thirty-three recreationally active males were randomly divided into 4 groups: NP: n = 8; TP: n = 9; UP: n = 8, and control group (C): n = 8. Experimental groups underwent a 12-week strength training program consisting of 2 sessions per week. Muscle strength and quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks (i.e., mid-point) and after 12 weeks. All training groups increased squat 1RM from pre to 6 weeks mid (NP: 17.02%, TP: 7.7%, and UP: 12.9%, p ≤ 0.002) and pre to post 12 weeks (NP: 19.5%, TP: 17.9%, and UP: 20.4%, p ≤ 0.0001). Traditional periodization was the only group that increased squat 1RM from 6 weeks mid to 12-week period (9.4%, p ≤ 0.008). All training groups increased QCSA from pre to 6 weeks mid (NP: 5.1%, TP: 4.6%, and UP: 5.3%, p ≤ 0.0006) and from pre to post 12 weeks (NP: 8.1%, TP: 11.3%, and UP: 8.7%, p ≤ 0.0001). From 6 weeks mid to 12-week period, TP and UP were the only groups that increased QCSA (6.4 and 3.7%, p ≤ 0.02). There were no significant changes for all dependent variables in C group across the time ( p ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated similar training-induced adaptations after 12 weeks of NP and periodized regimens. However, our findings suggest that in the latter half of the study (i.e., after the initial 6 weeks), the periodized regimens elicited greater rates of muscular adaptations compared with NP regimens. Strength coaches and practitioners should be aware that periodized regimens might be advantageous at latter stages of training even for untrained individuals.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing Ecosystem Health in Botanical Gardens

Botanical gardens have an important role as ex-situ plant conservation areas, so the health condition of the botanical garden ecosystem must be considered so that it remains sustainable.However, currently not many studies have been carried out regarding the health of botanical garden ecosystems, especially in Lampung Province.Therefore, this research was conducted to assess and compare the health of ecosystems in all botanical gardens in Lampung Province.Measurement and analysis of research data was carried out using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method based on ecological indicators in which the categories were bad, medium, and good.The research results obtained show that CL1 has a bad category with a value of 6.18; CL2 has a bad category with a value of 5.64; CL3 has a good category with a score of 7.89; and CL4 has a good category with a value of 7.61.Thus, the health condition of the ITERA Botanical Gardens and Liwa Botanical Gardens ecosystem has a final average score of 6.83 which is included in the medium category.It is important to always maintain and improve the health status of forests, considering that the existence of botanical gardens provides many benefits for the surrounding environment and society.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Study on the mechanism of interaction between TH-PF-Mo(VI) complex and bovine serum albumin by fluorimetric method].

The mechanism of interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and trihydroxylphenylfluorone (TH-PF)-Mo(VI) complex in neutral solution was studied by fluorimetric method. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of BSA caused by (TH-PF)-Mo(VI) complex probe was investigated and the binding constants under different temperature were measured. The binding constants of the reaction at 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C were calculated by fluorimetric method to be 4.78 x 10(4) L x mol(-1) and 3.72 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), respectively. According to the theory of Forster non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance and transfer efficiency at 25 degrees C were calculated to be 2.89 nm and 0.314, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters were measured and the results indicated that electrostatic force played a major role in the interaction between TH-PF-Mo(VI) complex and BSA.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diamagnetic susceptibility of a hydrogenic donor in a quantum dot

Abstract We investigate within the effective mass theory, the influence of the shape of the confining potential and the geometry of the Quantum Dot on the diamagnetic susceptibility χ dia of a hydrogenic donor using variational method. We compare χ dia of a donor in a Spherical Quantum Dot for both infinite and finite barrier model. The effect of the location of the donor and Al composition x of the Al x Ga 1– x As barrier of the Quantum Dot is also studied. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non-linear observer for slip parameter estimation of unmanned wheeled robots

Accurate estimation of a wheeled vehicle is essential to increase the vehicle's tranversibility choices in rough terrain. The knowledge of slip parameters can be used in the development of higher-level strategic control of unmanned ground vehicles such as path planning, trajectory tracking and traction control. In this paper, a sliding mode observer is developed to estimate slip parameters based on the kinematic model of a wheeled vehicle and on-board measurements. The sliding mode observer is proven to converge after a finite time. The sliding mode observer is validated against experimental data obtained from specially designed test rigs, showing very good slip estimation. The robustness and superior performance of the sliding mode observer is demonstrated using experimental results.

Topic: Control and Dynamics of Mobile Robots
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The second‐order Klein‐Gordon field equation

We introduce and discuss the generalized Klein‐Gordon second‐order partial differential equation in the Robertson‐Walker space‐time, using the Casimir second‐order invariant operator written in hyperspherical coordinates. The de Sitter and anti‐de Sitter space‐times are recovered by means of a convenient choice of the parameter associated to the space‐time curvature. As an application, we discuss a few properties of the solutions. We also discuss the case where we have positive frequency exponentials and the creation and annihilation operators of particles with known quantum numbers. Finally, we recover the Minkowskian case, that is, the case of null curvature.

Topic: Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The ultraviolet colour component enhances the attractiveness of red flowers of a bee-pollinated plant

Abstract Aims Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red, presumably because bees (which lack red receptors) have difficulty detecting red targets. Although the response of bees to red colour has been investigated in lab experiments, most stimuli have been pure red, while the subtle diversity of red as perceived by humans (human-red) has received very limited attention. Here we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) reflected from human-red flowers enhances their attractiveness to bees, through increased chromatic contrast. Methods Using Onosma confertum (Boraginaceae), a plant with UV-reflecting red flowers that are pollinated by bumblebees, we investigated the effects of UV reflection on pollinator responses by conducting phenotypic manipulation experiments in the field. Colour preferences of flower-naïve bumblebees were also examined. Colour perception by bumblebees was estimated in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrast, based on two different colour perception models. Important Findings We found that both natural and flower-naïve bumblebees strongly preferred visiting UV-reflecting targets compared with UV-absorbing ones. Colour models show that the UV-reflecting flowers exhibit higher spectral purity and higher chromatic contrast against the foliage background, whereas they have similar achromatic contrast in terms of green receptor contrast. These results indicate that the component of UV reflection increases chromatic contrast in O. confertum, enhancing the visual attractiveness of these red flowers to bumblebees. We further infer that the secondary reflectance might be a necessary component in human-red flowers that are primarily pollinated by animals without red receptors, such as bees.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dolichonychia in Women with Marfan Syndrome

Dolichonychia refers to nails that are elongated and slender. This nail morphology has been described in single case reports of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and Marfan syndrome.The length and width of fingernails were measured in patients with Marfan syndrome and in individuals without the syndrome. A fingernail index was calculated for each person. A non-parametric sign test was used to compare the mean fingernail index of patients with Marfan syndrome and control subjects.The fingernail index ranged from 0.92 to 1.52 in patients with Marfan syndrome and from 0.77 to 1.30 in control individuals. The median fingernail index in women with Marfan syndrome (1.455) was significantly greater than the median fingernail index in women control subjects (1.080) (P = 0.035). Dolichonychia, defined as a fingernail index greater than or equal to 1.30, was present in six of eight (75%) of women with Marfan syndrome as compared with only one of 40 (2.5%) of women control subjects.Dolichonychia is a physical finding present in some patients with Marfan syndrome. The detection of long narrow fingernails in women should suggest the possibility of Marfan syndrome.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences