jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hot rock play ingredients, characteristics and potential — An australian perspective

Hot Rocks (HR) have potential to fuel 24/7, safe, secure competitive, emission free and renewable electricity for centuries to come. This prospectivity is, in particular, driving Enhanced (Engineered) Geothermal Systems (EGS) projects worldwide. This presentation will cover: EGS and Hot Sedimentary Aquifer (HSA) play ingredients; first‐mover HR projects; EGS research priorities; EGS resource estimate methods; and geothermal portfolio management methods.

Topic: Child Therapy and Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Spawning Technique of Abalone (Haliotis squamata) Broodstock at Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Lombok

Abalone is one of the species of the Gastropoda class. There are 7 types of abalone that are spread throughout Indonesian waters, including Haliotis asinina, H. varia, H. squamata, H. ovina, H. glabra, H. planate and H. crebrisculpta. Abalone Haliotis squamata is one of the abalone species that is cultivated at Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Lombok. The abalone breeding technique at BPBL Lombok is carried out massively with a ratio of male and female abalone breeders of 1:3. The success rate of abalone breeding is determined by the level of gonad maturity, water quality, irradiation period as well as the length and weight of the abalone body. Abalone breeding begins with container preparation by adding 300 chlorinated limes (kaporit). Abalone breeders are maintained by placing them in a 300 x 80 x 80 cm fiber tank containing four baskets, three baskets containing female abalones and one basket containing male abalones. The feed given to abalone breeders is Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp., while the feed for larvae is Nitzchia sp. feed. Abalone breeding begins with breeder selection. Breeders used are those that have mature gonads or gonads that have entered TKG 3 which are marked by gonad size larger than the shell. Abalone breeders must be over 4 cm in size and free from disease and. Abalone breeding is marked by the presence of a fishy smell and cloudy water in the container. The number of eggs produced from mass breeding is 1,041,600 grains.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Concurrent stimulation of monocytes with CSF1 and polarizing cytokines reveals phenotypic and functional differences with classical polarized macrophages

Abstract In atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages are exposed to CSFs and various microenvironmental cues, which ultimately drive their polarization state. We studied the expression of different CSFs in artery specimen and cultured vascular cells and assessed whether concurrent stimulation (CS) of monocytes with CSF1 and polarizing cytokines generated macrophages (CSM1 and CSM2) that were phenotypically and functionally different from classically polarized M1 and M2 macrophages. We also assessed the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the capacity of polarized macrophages to stimulate T-cell proliferation. CSF1 was the most prominent CSF expressed in arteries and cultured vascular cells. M1 and CSM1 macrophages differed in CD86 and CD14 expression, which was up-regulated respectively down-regulated by LPS. M2 and CSM2 macrophages were phenotypically similar. Cyclooxygenase expression was different in CSM1 (COX-1− and COX-2+ after LPS stimulation) and CSM2 (COX-1+ and COX-2−) macrophages. TNFα production was more pronounced in CSM1 macrophages, whereas IL-10 was produced at higher levels by CSM2 macrophages. Proliferation of allogeneic T cells was strongly supported by CSM2, but not by CSM1 polarized macrophages. Although ASA did not affect anti-CD3/CD28-mediated proliferation, it significantly reduced CSM2 and CSM1-mediated T-cell proliferation. Supernatants of LPS-stimulated CSM2 but not of CSM1 macrophages could overcome the inhibition by ASA. Hence, we demonstrate that CSM1 and CSM2 macrophages are phenotypically and to some extent functionally distinct from classically polarized M1 and M2 macrophages. CSM2 macrophages produce a COX-1-dependent soluble factor that supports T-cell proliferation, the identity hereof is still elusive and warrants further studies.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Partisanship, Institutions and Public Policy: The Case of Labour Market Policy in Ontario, 1990–2000

For historical institutionalist scholarship, partisanship's impact on public policy is mediated by institutions; however there is disagreement about whether globalization has altered this nexus. In view of the importance of labour market policy for the equity and efficiency objectives of left– and right–wing parties, it is particularly significant as a domain for testing partisanship's continuing relevance. This article examines the link between partisanship and policy outcomes, using the case of labour market policy in Ontario during the 1990s as its point of reference. It concludes that, in relation to three selected aspects of this field, institutions affected left– and right–wing partisan agendas quite differently, but that globalization has not transformed this relationship in recent years. Because of inter–sectoral institutional variations, this conclusion cannot be extended to other policy domains without further research.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microfeature production in optically transparent workpieces

This paper explores possible micro-production pathways for the low unit cost production of microfluidic devices. The geometries utilized in the candidate application discussed in the paper pertain to cell transection, large strain deformation of the cell in order to reduce the thickness of the cell membrane and thereby increase the pickup of selective treatments, by means of ultrasonic acceleration. The geometries of interest include planar geometries, and single-curvature geometries (in-plane.) This study considers the production of the planar microfeature geometries in polymer substrates with the limiting constraint of maintaining the optical transparency of the surfaces necessary to provide visual access to the test sections. The microfeatures created consist of an array of triangles and thin channels (0.08 mm wide, 0.200mm deep). Preliminary attempts to machine polycarbonate proved to not be a viable option as feature dimensions were not held, and optical clarity was lost during machining. This led to creating negative molds to cast the features into a plastic resin. Process parameters such as resin material, mold release and application technique, curing pressure, and postcuring temperature were varied and tested to obtain the best final product. An optimal final product consisted of a part without bubbles or voids, was optically transparent, and retained correct feature dimensions.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The fate of flavonoids after oral administration: a comprehensive overview of its bioavailability

Despite advancements in synthetic chemistry, nature remains the primary source of drug discovery, and this never-ending task of finding novel and active drug molecules will continue. Flavonoids have been shown to possess highly significant therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, etc., However, it has been found that orally administered flavonoids have a critical absorption disorder and, therefore, have low bioavailability and show fluctuating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. A detailed investigation is required to assess and analyze the variation in the bioavailability of flavonoids due to interactions with the intestinal barrier. This review will emphasize on the bioavailability and the pharmacological applications of flavonoids, key factors affecting their bioavailability, and strategies for enhancing bioavailability, which may lead to deeper understanding of the extent of flavonoids as a treatment and/or prevention for different diseases in clinics.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stereochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents. XIII. Crystal and molecular structure of 3'-O-acetyladenosine. Conformational analysis of nucleosides and nucleotides with syn glycosidic torsional angle

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents. XIII. Crystal and molecular structure of 3'-O-acetyladenosine. Conformational analysis of nucleosides and nucleotides with syn glycosidic torsional angleS. Thyagaraja Rao and Muttaiya SundaralingamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 16, 4963–4970Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00719a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00719a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on school leadership preparation in the United States: an analysis

This article addresses to the work on rethinking the preparatory function in school administration in the US in a number of ways (e.g., unpacking the larger environmental forces that are fueling the turmoil in school administration). More recently, we have turned our attention to the question of how research on the preparation of school leaders can inform efforts to strengthen the preparatory function. We summarize that work herein.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sex Differences in the Effect of Pronoun Type on Self-Construal

Past studies showed that self-construal could be manipulated by the differences in language use; for example, the use of first-person singular pronouns in a sentence prime independent self-construal whereas first person plural pronouns prime interdependent selfconstrual. In addition, it has been demonstrated that women are more sensitive to such manipulations. In the current study, self-construal was manipulated by the use of “I” or “we” pronouns and it was investigated whether Turkish women are also more sensitive to such manipulations in pronoun types. The sample consisted of 155 university students. Participants were asked to state how much they agree with statements including either “I” or “we” as a personal pronoun. The results showed that, in general, women were more interdependent as compared to men, but there was no sex difference with regard to independence. Pronoun type alone did not influence self-construal, but it interacted with sex in predicting interdependent self-construal. Accordingly, the use of “we” as a pronoun increased interdependence only among women. The current study contributed to Turkish psychological literature by demonstrating that self-construal can be primed by manipulating pronoun types and women are more susceptible to such manipulations. Implications for future research were discussed.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Phase Formation, Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Mn, Al Doped BCZT Ceramics by Molten Salt Method

Abstract Lead-free Ba(1-x)CaxZr0.1Ti0.9O3 (x = 0.15) ceramics doped with 0.00–0.20 mol% MnO2 and Al2O3 were prepared by the molten salt method. The powder was ball-milled for 24 h and then calcined at 1000°C for 4 h and sintered at 1300°C for 2 h. The phase formation and dielectric properties of the ceramic systems were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and electrical measurement. The phase of the samples showed pure perovskite structure for all conditions. The BCZT ceramics doped with MnO2 and Al2O3 exhibited a dielectric properties. BCZT doped with Mn has a higher dielectric constant than BCZT doped with Al. The loss tangent values at 1 kHz were lower than 0.02 of all samples. The ceramic systems indicate ferroelectric behavior for all samples (Pr ∼ 1.25–2.26 μC/cm2and Ec ∼ 3.10–4.25 kV/cm). Keyword: Molten salt methodperovskite phasedielectric properties Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), the Graduate School and Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University and Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand for their financial support. We wish to thank the National Research University (NRU) Project under Thailand's Office of the Higher Education Commission for financial support.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Defined synthetic microbial communities colonize and benefit field-grown sorghum

Abstract The rhizosphere constitutes a dynamic interface between plant hosts and their associated microbial communities. Despite the acknowledged potential for enhancing plant fitness by manipulating the rhizosphere, the engineering of the rhizosphere microbiome through inoculation has posed significant challenges. These challenges are thought to arise from the competitive microbial ecosystem where introduced microbes must survive, and the absence of adaptation to the specific metabolic and environmental demands of the rhizosphere. Here, we engineered a synthetic rhizosphere community (SRC1) with the anticipation that it would exhibit a selective advantage in colonizing the host Sorghum bicolor, thereby potentially fostering its growth. SRC1 was assembled from bacterial isolates identified either for their potential role in community cohesion through network analysis or for their ability to benefit from host-specific exudate compounds. The growth performance of SRC1 was assessed in vitro on solid media, in planta under gnotobiotic laboratory conditions, and in the field. Our findings reveal that SRC1 cohesion is most robust when cultivated in the presence of the plant host under laboratory conditions, with lineages being lost from the community when grown either in vitro or in a native field setting. We establish that SRC1 effectively promotes the growth of both above- and below-ground plant phenotypes in both laboratory and native field contexts. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, these growth enhancements correlate with the transcriptional dampening of lignin biosynthesis in the host. Collectively, these results underscore the potential utility of synthetic microbial communities for modulating crop performance in controlled and native environments alike.

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Microemboli by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and characteristics of microembolic signals (MES) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with aneurysmal SAH were monitored with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for the presence of MES and vasospasm. Each middle cerebral artery was monitored for 30 minutes three times each week. Patients were excluded if they had traumatic SAH or cardiac or arterial sources of emboli. Monitoring was initiated 6.3 days (1–16 d) after SAH and lasted 6.6 days (1–13 d). Eleven individuals without SAH or other cerebrovascular diseases who were treated in the same unit served as control subjects. Each patient underwent monitoring of both middle cerebral arteries a mean of three times; therefore, 46 vessels were studied (a total of 138 observations). Control subjects underwent assessment of each middle cerebral artery once, for a total of 22 control vessels. RESULTS: MES were detected for 16 of 23 patients (70%) and 44 of 138 patient vessels (32%) monitored, compared with 2 of 11 control subjects (18%) and 2 of 22 control vessels (9%) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). MES were observed for 83% of patients with clinical vasospasm and 54% of those without clinical vasospasm. Ultrasonographic vasospasm was observed for 71 of 138 vessels monitored; MES were observed for 28% of vessels with vasospasm and 36% of those without vasospasm. Aneurysms proximal to the monitored artery were identified in 38 of 138 vessels, of which 34% exhibited MES, which is similar to the frequency for vessels without proximal aneurysms (31%). Coiled, clipped, and unsecured aneurysms exhibited similar frequencies of MES. CONCLUSION: MES were common in SAH, occurring in 70% of cases of SAH and one-third of all vessels monitored. Although MES were more frequent among patients with clinical vasospasm, this difference did not reach statistical significance. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between ultrasonographic vasospasm and MES, and the presence of a proximal secured or unsecured aneurysm did not alter the chance of detection of MES. Further studies are required to determine the origin and clinical relevance of MES in SAH.

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Macromorphology of the tongue of Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)

place; as the same would involve changes in land use pattern and loss of vegetation.Given remarkable species richness and endemism of butterfly species, Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary should not allow short term economic gains to prevail over its ecology.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Update: prophylaxis for HIV opportunistic infections.

The U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America recently updated the 1995 guidelines on prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV infected individuals. PCP prophylaxis has not been changed in the new guidelines. Primary prevention strategies for toxoplasmosis encephalitis are described. Preventive medication for tuberculosis is generally not recommended, especially for persons in high risk groups such as the homeless and injection drug users. Significant changes were made for the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), and guidelines were changed for preventing bacterial respiratory infections. Primary prophylaxis of most fungal infections is generally not recommended, but lifelong secondary prophylaxis is indicated for all deep seated fungal infections and CMV. Prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV patients has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality.

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clientelism in Latin American Politics

Clientelism is a type of nonprogrammatic linkage strategy that political parties deploy to win elections. Specifically, the concept refers to the <italic>personalized and discretionary exchange of goods or favors for political support</italic>. Scholars of comparative politics investigate variation in the prevalence of clientelism across countries, as well as the organizations that parties create to distribute personalized gifts and favors. A large body of work also studies the types of voters more commonly targeted by machines. The debates about the determinants of clientelism and specific targeting patterns are important because they inform broader discussions about democratic quality in Latin America and other developing regions, where nonprogrammatic linkages such as clientelism are common. In particular, the literature on clientelism has implications for discussions about the use and misuse of public and private funds to support electoral efforts. It also raises questions about the ability of citizens to vote their conscience and hold politicians accountable in the privacy of the voting booth.

Topic: Politics and Society in Latin America
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rapid Curing Lignin-Based Exterior Wood Adhesives. Part I. Diisocyanates Reaction Mechanisms and Application to Panel Products

Article Rapid Curing Lignin-Based Exterior Wood Adhesives. Part I. Diisocyanates Reaction Mechanisms and Application to Panel Products was published on January 1, 1993 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 47, issue 5).

Topic: Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quenching of I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>) by Cl<sub>2</sub> and Cl Atoms over the Temperature Range 297−663 K

Time-resolved fluorescence measurements have been used to examine the quenching of I(2P1/2) by Cl2 and Cl atoms. Pulsed photolysis of CF3I was used to generate I*. Quenching by Cl2 was examined using 248 nm photolysis as Cl2 does not absorb significantly at this wavelength. Photolysis at 308 nm, which dissociates both CF3I and Cl2, was used to investigate quenching by Cl atoms. Quenching kinetics were characterized over the temperature range from 297 to 663 K. The rate constant for quenching by Cl atoms was found to be almost independent of temperature, whereas the rate constant for Cl2 increased by 3 orders of magnitude in going from 297 to 663 K. Theoretical calculations show that quenching by Cl atoms is mediated by a curve crossing process. The temperature dependence of the Cl2 quenching rate constant is attributed to the reactive channel I* + Cl2 → ICl + Cl(2P).

Topic: Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Constantly scaled H/sub ∞/ control problems for pseudo full information problems

Deals with the constantly scaled H/sub /spl infin// control problem. In general, the solvability condition for this problem is non-convex. However, it is known that the state feedback (SF) and the full information (FI) problems can be reduced to convex problems. We consider a class of problems including the SF and the FI problems as the special cases. The class is characterized by an additional assumption called a pseudo full information (PFI) condition. Assuming the PFI condition, we first derive a solvability condition. This condition involves fewer number of variables than the standard solutions for the constantly scaled H/sub /spl infin// control problem. Based on this condition, we further give a convex sufficient condition for the solvability. The convex solvability condition for the SF and the FI problems can be regarded as the extreme cases of the derived sufficient condition. Moreover, we show that there exists a simple formula of a possible controller, if the PFI condition is assumed.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences