jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pruning the Family Tree: An Unexplored Path to Family Business Continuity and Family Harmony

It is assumed that over the generations family businesses inevitably face greater family complexity. The increasing family complexity can have repercussions for the family and the business. To counteract these negative effects of an increase in family complexity, it has been recommended that business families utilize conventional family and corporate governance methods. Pruning the family tree is an alternative method of handling family complexity. However, this alternative way has been largely ignored in research. This article explores the research question: Why and how do business families prune the family tree, thus simplifying the ownership, governance, and/or management structures of the family business? The research findings indicate that introducing simplicity by pruning can be a worthwhile path to family harmony and business performance and that there is no contradiction between pruning the family tree and governance of the family and the business.

Topic: Family Business Performance and Succession
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Cloud Computing and the Enterprise Needs for Data Freedom

Abstract — The article aims to investigate the problem, if the willingness and success of transferring enterprise operations to the cloud-computing infrastructure are related to the level of freedom of managing enterprise data. This problem emanates from the raising awareness of the enterprises, that submission of data for processing by the cloud computing solutions invokes risk of further transformations of data formats by vendor, and failure of keeping its compatibility to own data. In this case the enterprise could be unable to make archives, or to switch to another cloud service provider. The pilot survey explores attitudes of enterprise members and specialists of information technologies (IT) to the designed shadow service and is potential to increase customer trust for cloud computing services. The concept of shadow service architecture is suggested, which models the customized backup plan adjusted for managing data of the company as the compatibility matrix. Keywords-cloud computing; vendor lock-in; trust; compatibility matrix; shadow service architecture I.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal Supply of a Depletable Resource with a Backstop Technology: Heal's Theorem Revisited

Heal's theorem states that if the extraction cost of a depletable resource increases with cumulative extraction, and if a backstop technology exists, the user cost of the depletable resource declines to zero at the date of exhaustion. In this paper, we first present a simple method for proving this proposition, using a social planning model that determines the optimal rates both of extraction of the depletable resource and of production of the backstop technology. We then present two examples that show how this method can be used to solve more difficult problems in the theory of resource economics. The first example involves learning-by-doing in the backstop sector; that is, backstop costs decline with cumulative production. The second example involves uncertainty of backstop costs.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Jewish Art in Late Antiquity

Antique Jewish art visualized the idea that the essence of God is beyond the world of forms. In the Bible, the Israelites were commanded to build sanctuaries without cult statues. Following the destruction of the Second Temple, Jews turned to literary and visual aids to fill the void. In this accessible survey, Shulamit Laderman traces the visualizations of the Tabernacle implements, including the seven-branch menorah, the Torah ark, the shofar, the four species, and other motifs associated with the Hebrew Bible and the Jewish calendar. These motifs evolved into iconographic symbols visualized in a range of media, including coins, funerary art, and synagogue decorations in both Israel and the Diaspora. Particular attention is given to important discoveries such as the frescoes of the third-century CE synagogue in Dura-Europos, mosaic floors in synagogues in Galilee, and architectural and carved motifs that decorated burial places.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Dirac delta and singular distributions: The general non-good function case

A rigorous approach for defining Dirac type singular distributions is detailed for the case where the distribution is to be applied to functions that are normally to be considered in physical applications and which are outside formal distribution theory. Four principles that underpin singular distributions are detailed. The approach is applied to examples in the recent literature and the limitations of several conclusions is made clear. A non-linear distribution which extracts the number of zero crossings of a function is defined.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Analysis
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Impact of the Research to The Tale of Genji on Contemporary Society

The Tale of Genji has a significant role in the history of Japanese literature. In recent years, researches on this book has been increasing. This paper attempts to analyze the “ideal woman” characteristics of The Tale of Genji, the association of this book and early mythical stories, and explore new research directions.

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in C-reactive protein in response to anti-inflammatory therapy as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Despite the availability of aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, many patients remain at risk of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation elevated in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein has demonstrated value as a predictor of cardiovascular risk; however, it is unclear whether targeting C-reactive protein levels improves outcomes. This systematic review aimed to characterise the relationship between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular outcomes and to assess whether the magnitude of C-reactive protein reduction correlates to the extent of cardiovascular risk reduction. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that measured C-reactive protein before and after administration of therapies for cardiovascular disease and measured incidence of cardiovascular events. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies assessed the relationship between extent of C-reactive protein reduction and cardiovascular risk reduction. Placebo-controlled studies where low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride data were available were also included in a meta-regression to assess the influence of these established risk factors on the efficacy of treatment when compared to C-reactive protein. Results Fifteen studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, of which six were active comparator studies and nine were placebo controlled. Six placebo-controlled studies had data available for meta-regression. Eight studies demonstrated a reduction in events that could be explained by changes in lipid levels, whereas the results of five studies suggested that the association between C-reactive protein reduction and event rates cannot be explained by changes in lipid levels alone. No correlation was found between magnitude of C-reactive protein reduction and cardiovascular risk reduction. A strong correlation was found between C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein reduction (adjusted r 2 = 0.8). Conclusions Targeting C-reactive protein does not offer additional benefit over targeting low-density lipoprotein across the general population in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. However, there is value in targeting C-reactive protein in patients at high residual inflammatory risk despite non-elevated lipid levels or use of lipid-lowering therapy.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Back to School After COVID‐19: The Views of Psychological Counselors at Schools About the Effects of the Pandemic on Students

This study aimed to determine the effects of the pandemic on students returning to school after COVID‐19 from the perspective of school psychological counsellors. The research was designed as a qualitative study using a phenomenological design. The study group of the research consists of 11 psychological counselors at schools working in public schools in Türkiye, who were determined by maximum diversity and criterion sampling from purposeful sampling methods at the end of the 2021–2022 academic year. The data were collected using a semistructured interview form created by the researchers. MAXQDA 2020 program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, themes were obtained regarding the effects of the pandemic on students. These themes include the changes in students’ emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and academic dimensions, the topics that school psychological counsellors included in their programs after the pandemic, and the topics they suggested to be included in the program in the following years. The results of the study reveal that after the pandemic, there is a need for practices on emotion regulation, conscious use of technology, development of social skills, reducing bullying, improving psychological resilience, and increasing school motivation and academic success. It is thought that the research may contribute to the development of practices that can reduce the harmful effects of COVID‐19 on students and positively affect students’ mental health at school.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Baltic 2030 Bumps on the Road

The report Baltic 2030: Bumps on the Road provides an overview of the 2030 Agenda implementation in the Baltic Sea Region, aimed at informing strategy and prioritisation discussions for national and regional collaboration. For each of the region’s eleven countries, performance on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is examined and five selected SDGs are discussed at the indicator level. Based on this analysis, the authors recommend seven avenues for action where greater collaboration in the region can support SDG achievement. The report was commissioned by the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and iis jointly published by CBSS and the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM). It was drafted by the advisory firm Nordic Sustainability and follows the previous Bumps on the Road to 2030 report published by the NCM in 2017.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Web User Opinion Analysis for Product Features Extraction and Opinion Summarization

Selling the product through Web has become more popular because of online shopping.This enables merchants to sell their products through Web and expects the customer to express their opinion through online about the product which they have purchased.Due to this we find number of customer reviews on a particular product, it varies from hundreds to thousands, for some product it is more than that.In order to help the customer and the manufacture/merchant we propose a semantic based approach to mine different product features and to find the opinion summarization about each of these extracted product features by means of web user opinion expressed through the customer reviews using typed dependency relations.

Topic: Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from Prospective Blinded Study of &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; Mutation Detection in Cell-Free DNA of Patients with Systemic Histiocytic Disorders

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: BRAFV600E mutant allele burden in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of urine and plasma from treatment naïve patients based on BRAFV600E tissue genotype result.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sex ratio, female weight and longevity (mean ± SE) of &lt;i&gt;Nilaparvata lugens&lt;/i&gt; developed on rice germplasms.

&lt;p&gt;A: Sex ratio (n = 3). B: Female weight (n = 30). C: Female longevity (n = 15). The different letters over the bars in a panel indicate significant differences (Tukey HSD, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Ethylene Ketal Protecting Group Revisited: The Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ethylene Ketal Protecting Group Revisited: The Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanoneMarsha R. Baar , Charles E. Russell , and Kristin L. Wustholz View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 7, 1057Publication Date (Web):July 1, 2005Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 2005Published inissue 1 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed082p1057https://doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2873Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Ethyl groups,Hydrocarbons,Modification,Protective groups Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simple water balance model and crop water demand at different spatial and temporal scales in Periya Pallam catchment of upper Bhavani basin, Tamilnadu

Reduction in agricultural water use and increasing the sustainability of water resources can be achieved by studying the water balance of the area and crop water demand. In this paper, by using a simple water balance model, Evapotranspiration, Rainfall, Runoff, Water Demand and Water Requirement different crops are estimated. The crop water requirement and crop water demand for different crops grown in the Periya Pallam Catchment of Upper Bhavani Basin, Tamilnadu, was estimated. Water balance estimation of the area reveals that out of the annual rainfall, runoff is estimated to be 129 mm, effective rainfall is 252 mm, and deep percolation is about 67 mm. The demand for water for agriculture in the study area is about 61 million cubic meters (MCM), but only 19 MCM of water is available through precipitation in the form of effective rainfall. Hence, the remaining 43 MCM of water is supplied through groundwater and other sources. The results will pave the way for sustainable crop water use planning and would achieve water security in the basin.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Response of Organic Biostimulants and Silicon to Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato under Soil Salinity Conditions

Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, nutrient composition and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. The present field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biostimulants on improvement of tolerance and yield of tomato plants exposed to salinity. The tomato field soil condition with pH- 8.7 and EC- 4 dS m-1 was recorded. After the first fruit set of tomato, Organic biostimulant (Organic mix with high concentration of carboxylic acids, containing calcium oxide (CaO), ammonium ligninsulfonate and Zinc) were given by soil drenching and Orthosilicic acid as silicon source by foliar spray at every 10 – 15 days interval. The treatments include Organic biostimulant at 0.3ml/plant &amp; 0.6ml/plant, Orthosilicic acid at 0.2% and 0.4%. The observations were taken during greener and red ripening stage. The biostimulants positively affected the plant height and chlorophyll fluorescence. Biostimulants were allowed to maintain the lower level of electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential within the plant. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes increased with the increases in salinity: biostimulants thereby kept the lower the level of reactive oxygen species. Under saline conditions due to the ionic imbalance, potassium and calcium content in both the shoots and roots were recorded lower, whereas the sodium content was found to be higher than the control plants. Similarly, a significant increase in total soluble solids and firmness of the fruit was recorded in tomato fruits. Yield characters like fruit number per plant, single plant yield, single fruit weight and flower to fruit ratio were positively affected by the application of biostimulants. The organic biostimulant and Orthosilicic acid administered at a greater dose appeared to be the most effective in our investigation.

Topic: Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Real-time electronic interpretation of digital chest images using artificial intelligence in emergency department patients suspected of pneumonia

<b>Introduction:</b> Chest imaging is required for diagnosis and treatment of emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia. However, radiologist interpretations are often delayed and don't identify key findings needed by clinicians. Natural language processing (NLP) of radiology reports caused frequent errors within our electronic clinical decision support tool (ePNa;Dean JAMA IM 2013). We hypothesized that real-time electronic interpretation of digital chest images using artificial intelligence would overcome these limitations. <b>Methods:</b> A deep learning algorithm developed using 188,000 chest studies from Stanford (CheXpert; Irvin AAAI 2019) was fine-tuned on 7,000 and validated on 352 Utah ED chest images. The comparator was studies interpreted by practicing radiologists categorized by 3 clinicians as likely/possible/unlikely for pneumonia and other elements. Simple agreement between clinicians was only 0.85 to 0.9, illustrating the limitations of radiologist reports. <b>Results:</b> Study population of the validation set was 54.8% female, median age 57.0 +/- SD 19.7; 39.2% had pneumonia. Algorithm area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for radiographic pneumonia was 0.90, multi-lobar 0.79, pleural effusion 0.88. NLP of radiology reports performed similarly, with sensitivity and specificity for pneumonia (0.91, 0.64), multi-lobar (0.85, 0.59), and effusion (0.64, 0.93) lying on or near the corresponding model ROC curves. <b>Conclusion:</b> CheXpert image interpretation showed good correlation with categorized radiology reports in ED patients suspected of pneumonia, and will likely improve both ED pneumonia care and ePNa performance.

Topic: Radiology practices and education
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Examination of the Persistent Effects of Franchising Strategy on Large Chains

In the US economy, retail chains are extremely important since they account for a very high share of GDP relative to manufacturing sector. Retail is dominated by large franchised chains, particularly in the restaurant industry. A proven business format comprising a differentiated menu, exterior and interior design of the outlet, logos, etc., draws the interest of many prospective franchisees simultaneously, especially to large chains because it reduces their risk. Theoretical arguments are built, supported in relevant research, to present three hypotheses. Together, they form a theory of how franchising helps large chains despite abating of resource scarcity and escalation of threat from agency problems. Developing such a theory is important because extant research does not adequately address the boundary condition of large chains, even though many of them have been becoming from large to mega for many years. This theory is tested in a longitudinal sample from Quick Service Restaurant magazine, which has been publishing a list of top 50 restaurant chains for many years. All of three hypotheses are strongly supported. The paper closes with discussion of results and their implications for practice and research.

Topic: Franchising Strategies and Performance
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Inverse discrete cosine transform architecture exploiting sparseness and symmetry properties

In this paper, a novel architecture for 2D IDCT is proposed, based on the sparseness property of 2D DCT coefficient matrix and the even and odd symmetry property of the basis vectors of the 1D DCT transform. The proposed architecture performs 2D IDCT directly on the 2D DCT coefficient matrix to avoid timing and area overheads of the transposition. We derive a recursion equation from the definition of the 2D IDCT algorithm and use it to design an efficient 2D IDCT architecture. The proposed architecture consists of highly regular, parallel and pipelined elements which are suitable for VLSI implementation. It is shown that the proposed architecture can achieve a high throughput rate and a low hardware complexity, when compared with other DCT-based IDCT architectures. Another important aspect is that the proposed architecture can provide an efficient way to control the trade-off between visual quality of the reconstructed image and computational complexity.

Topic: Digital Filter Design and Implementation
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences