jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Novel Three-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Approach Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This article aims to constitute a noteworthy contribution to the domain of direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation through the application of deep learning algorithms. We approach the DoA estimation challenge as a binary classification task, employing a novel grid in the output layer and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) as the classifier. The input of the DCNN is the correlation matrix of signals received by a 4&amp;times;4 uniformly spaced patch antenna array. The proposed model's performance is evaluated based on its capacity to predict angles of arrival from any direction in a three-dimensional space, encompassing azimuth angles within the interval [0 degrees, 360 degrees) and polar angles within [0 degrees, 60 degrees]. We aim to optimize the utilization of spatial information and create a robust, precise, and efficient DoA estimator. To address this, we conduct comprehensive testing in diverse scenarios, encompassing the simultaneous reception of multiple signals across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio values. Both mean absolute error and root mean squared error are calculated to assess the performance of the DCNN. Rigorous comparison with conventional and state-of-the-art endeavors emphasizes the proposed model's efficacy.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some Responses of Grapevines to Treatment for Frost in Napa Valley

Removal of frost-injured shoots by stripping out or cutting them off failed to produce significant increases in yield of fruit over vines receiving no treatment. The lack of significant response was shown for one spur-pruned variety and two cane-pruned varieties of wine grapes. The per cent total carbohydrate, calculated on a dry-weight basis, of the shoots, spur bark, and spur wood in late April failed to show significantly lower levels when correlated with the length of shoot development. Cluster weights but not berry weights were heavier for clusters produced on shoots growing from primary buds than for clusters and berries on shoots growing from secondary or tertiary buds. Maturity began at an earlier date and was higher at time of harvest in clusters from primary buds not injured by frost.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tyrothricin--An underrated agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and superficial wounds?

The antimicrobial agent tyrothricin is a representative of the group of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). It is produced by Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. The compound mixture shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. A very interesting feature of AMPs is the fact, that even in vitro it is almost impossible to induce resistances. Therefore, this class of molecules is discussed as one group that could serve as next generation antibiotics and overcome the increasing problem of bacterial resistances. In daily practice, the application of tyrothricin containing formulations is relatively limited: It is used in sore throat medications and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds. However, due to the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and the low risk of resistance development it is worth to consider further fields of application.

Topic: Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease

Recent research suggests that resistance training (RT) in adults has the potential to prevent, treat, and possibly even reverse the impact of several chronic diseases. A properly designed progressive program can have profound effects on the musculoskeletal system, resulting in enhanced physical and mental health. In this review, the authors summarize recent research detailing the numerous benefits gained from participating in an RT program in those with or at risk for chronic disease. This includes increases in muscle mass and strength; enhanced physical function; reduced risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; improved management of cancer, neuromuscular disorders, HIV, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and reductions in negative mood states. Given these benefits, numerous national organizations, including the committee commissioned to create the National Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, have endorsed the participation in RT as a necessary component of maintaining health. Fortunately, the most current estimates show that a growing number of individuals are participating in RT, but these national estimates still fall below the goal of 30% set by Healthy People 2010. Future research will therefore need to focus on increasing the adoption and adherence of RT, as it carries the potential to dramatically affect public health.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is the Piglet Grimace Scale (PGS) a Useful Welfare Indicator to Assess Pain after Cryptorchidectomy in Growing Pigs?

Pig cryptorchidism is a congenital anomaly, which requires surgical intervention. Pain assessment in pig farming has some limitations and consumers are increasingly concerned about suffering linked to on-farm procedures. The PGS seems to be a promising tool for pain assessment in piglets, although it has not been investigated whether this tool is applicable to growing pigs. This study was designed to determine whether the PGS could be useful to assess pain in growing pigs undergoing on-farm cryptorchidectomy. Ten mixed-breed cryptorchid pigs were pre-medicated with azaperone and ketamine. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using IV sodium based. Pigs were filmed pre- and 6 h post-surgery to evaluate their behavior (scan sampling every minute). Besides, 36 pictures of the face expressions (18 pre- and 18 6 h post-surgery) were scored with the PGS by three treatment-blind observers. The pre-surgery pig’s activity ratio was 59%, while it was 2% 6 h post-surgery. While the PGS inter-observer reliability was excellent (Interclass Correlation Coefficient value of 0.87), the PGS score increased significantly in pigs 6 h post-surgery (Paired sample t-test, p = 0.02). The PGS proved to be a potentially effective method to assess pain associated with cryptorchidectomy. However, further validation studies are required to validate this tool for other potentially painful procedures.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
A reversible image watermarking in Hadamard domain

Reversible Watermarking is a special kind of the blind data hiding techniques which allows recovering both the watermark and the original image. In this article, a new reversible watermarking scheme based on a reversible Hadamard transform is proposed. In the proposed method, after calculating the image's reversible Hadamard transform, the watermark is embedded using prediction error coefficients. The proposed method does not need any location map. This property permits to increase the capacity. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a comparative experiment with some well-known reversible methods is performed. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the method.

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Novel Hybrid Saturated Core Fault Current Limiter Topology Considering Permanent Magnet Stability and Performance

The saturated core fault current limiter (SFCL) is one of the most effective methods for limiting fault current. A permanent magnet (PM)-biased SFCL (PFCL) can reduce dc bias current and additional energy consumption. However, the thermal stability of NdFeB PMs in PFCL poses a major challenge. This paper proposes a novel hybrid-type SFCL (HSFCL) topology that can reduce this risk. In the HSFCL, a hybrid PM/dc coil is designed to saturate the core, and a fault-limiting reactor is used to guarantee fault-clipping performance. The new structure provides air-gap branches for the time-varying magnetic field produced by alternating current, which reduces the eddy current in the PMs and enhances their stability. Electromagnetic coupling is used to analyze the operating principles and characteristics of HSFCL. Finite-element analysis simulations were performed using Maxwell and compared with verification experiments, proving that HSFCL is efficient in fault clipping and PM reliability enhancement.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pennisetum glaucum L. sieberianum R.Br CMMU 182011

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Pennisetum glaucum L. sieberianum R.Br<br>Common name(s): Pearl millet, Mil<br>Other names: SANIO SHIMA<br>Conserved by: Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER), Mali<br>Local sample unique identifier: CMMU 182011<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2011-03-10<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computational investigation of the relative efficacies of nail‐ and plate‐type proximal femoral‐fracture fixation implants

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare fracture‐fixation and bone‐healing promotion efficacies of an intramedullary (IM) nail‐type and an external osteosynthesis plate‐type femoral trochanteric‐fracture implants using the results of a combined multi‐body dynamics and finite element analyses. For both implants, fracture fixation was obtained using a dynamic hip blade which is anchored to the femur head on one end and is connected to the IM rod/plate on the other. The analysis was carried out for two pre‐fracture conditions of the femur: healthy and osteoporotic. Design/methodology/approach – The musculoskeletal dynamics portion of the analysis was used to obtain realistic physiological loading conditions (i.e. muscle forces and joint reaction forces and moments) associated with four typical everyday activities of a patient, namely, walking, lunging, cycling and egress (i.e. exiting a passenger vehicle). The subsequent structural finite element analysis of the fractured femur/implant assembly was employed to quantify fracture‐fixation efficacy (as measured by the extents of lateral (found to be minor), flexural and torsional displacements of the two femur fragments) and the bone‐healing promotion efficacy (as quantified by the fraction of the fractured surface area which experienced desirable contact pressures). Findings – The results obtained show that, in general, the IM‐rod type of implant out‐performs the osteosynthesis plate type of implant over a large range of scenarios involving relative importance of the bone‐healing promotion and fracture‐fixation efficacies, health condition of the femur and the activity level of the patient. More specifically, the more active the patient and the larger extent of osteoporosis in the femur, the more justifiable is the use of the IM‐rod type of implant. Originality/value – The present approach enables assessment of the fracture‐fixation performance of orthopedic implants under physiologically realistic loading conditions.

Topic: Hip and Femur Fractures
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Online Professional Development on First-Grade Writing Instruction: Coaching plus Manual Improves Teachers’ Implementation, Confidence, and Students’ Writing Quality

This mixed-methods study examined the effects of different models of online professional development (PD) on 21 US elementary teachers’ writing instruction, on the teachers’ confidence, and on students’ writing quality. Participants were first-grade teachers who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Coaching-plus-Manual (C+M), Manual (M), or Business-as-Usual (BAU). All teachers received online-PD but the C+M and the M conditions received PD on genre-based writing-strategy instruction. The M group taught using only the manual of that approach but the C+M also received coaching. Results found that C+M teachers increased the most in their writing confidence, and C+M students wrote papers of better quality at posttest compared to the M and BAU students.

Topic: Writing and Handwriting Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection of mycobiota, aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic genes, and cytotoxic ability in spices

Abstract Spices are portions of plants because their properties are used as colorants, preservatives, or medicine. The employments of spices have been known since long time, and the interest in the capability of spices is astounding because of the chemical compounds contained in spices. The molds grow on a variety of different crops and foodstuffs including spices often under warm and humid conditions. The mycobiota of five spice species were surveyed. Forty‐six fungal species were obtained. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were the prevalent species recorded. The aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins (OTs) were detected in some samples and isolates. Cumin had the highest concentration of AFs 8.2 ppb, while ginger had a considerable occurrence of OTs 6.7 ppb. A. flavus obtained from ginger recorded the maximum concentration of AFs 7.5 ppb, and A. niger from turmeric was the highest producer for OTs 3.6 ppb. omt‐A and Aopks genes were detected in all tested A . flavus isolates and two out of four A. niger isolates. One of the important properties of spices is cancer etiology and prevention. Ginger and sage were the highest cytotoxic against four human tumor cell lines.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Leaf sample details, leaf traits by age, Feb2017, PA-SLZ: Panama

Details of leaves sampled for leaf water potential and gas exchange measurements from PA-SLZ, February 2017. Sunlit canopy leaves of APEIME, GUATDU, MICOBO, TERMAM, VIROSP and VOCHFE species were collected before dawn and around midday. Data for each sample includes species, age, sample number and a photograph. This data was collected as part of the 2017 BNL–STRI leaf traits by age campaign. See related datasets (existing and future) for leaf water potential, leaf spectra, sap flow, LMA, gas exchange and leaf chemistry.

Topic: Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The construction of some bit and byte error control codes using partial Steiner systems

A design-theoretic approach to binary linear codes that are single-error correcting (SEC) and double-error-detecting (DED) with the capability of detecting any error within a single byte of even width w (BED) is developed. A construction of SEC-BED-DED codes from ordinary binary linear codes utilizing partial Steiner systems is given. The construction produces some codes with higher rates than those known previously. The codes constructed may inherit special properties from the Steiner systems from which are derived. In particular, some rotational odd-weight-column codes are obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Radiation Effects in Electronics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Health conditions among male workers in mining and other industries reliant on manual labor occupations: National Health Interview Survey, 2007–2018

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is an annual cross-sectional survey that collects information on a broad range of health topics; it was developed by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and is currently administered by the U.S. Census Bureau. NHIS datasets for the years 2007–2018 were combined to ensure an adequate sample size to study currently working male miners. During 2007–2018, the NHIS included four core modules. The Family and Sample Adult core modules were used in the study. The Family core module collected health and sociodemographic information on each member of each family within the household. The Sample Adult core module collected health and industry and occupation information for the randomly chosen sample adult from each household interviewed.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and sustainable development jurisprudence

This chapter provides a brief overview of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), with a focus on its contributions to sustainable development principles and practices as seen in recent jurisprudence. It summarizes the 2009 Southern Bluefin Tuna case. The chapter discusses the 2011 Advisory Opinion of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) on the Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area. It highlights the requirements for precaution, for international responsibility of States sponsoring sea bed exploration and exploitation activities, and for "due diligence". The chapter considers the Request for an Advisory Opinion Submitted by the Sub-regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC) of 2015. It illustrates the international legal responsibility of States for fishing vessels flying their flags and further developing the application of the "due diligence" requirements.

Topic: International Maritime Law Issues
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[A histological response to antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients who failed to achieve a sustained virological response].

The paper presents the results of combination antiviral therapy (AVT) in 2 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) unresponsive to AVT. Both patients are classified as difficult to treat (genotype 1b, a high viral load, overweight). 1.5 years after the termination of a course of AVT, histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed a histological response in one patient and significant histological worsening in the other. The specific features of the development of a histological response to AVT and possible reasons for its lack are discussed by the example of the described patients.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultra-Thin Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries on Flexible Polymer: Design, Low Temperature Fabrication and Characterization

In this work we developed flexible rechargeable thin film lithium ion batteries based on all-solid-state materials. The flexible batteries were fabricated using low temperature sequential physical vapor deposition techniques. A thin film battery (TFB) architecture consisting of Ti/V2O5/LiPON/Li/encapsulation multilayer was deposited on flexible polyimide substrate. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained TFBs are among the thinnest reported with an overall thickness of 50 μm including substrate, active layers and encapsulation stack. The fabricated TFBs delivered discharge capacity as high as 0.15 mAh (1.5 cm² of cathode area) upon galvanostatic cycling at 30 μA.cm−2 within 3.8–1.5 V voltage range. The capacity decreased during cycling with an average fading rate of 0.25% over 100 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements and modeling analysis revealed an increase of the internal resistance during cycling. Furthermore, it was shown that the internal resistance increase was induced by a progressive decrease of the electrolyte/electrodes contact area. TFBs having the same architecture and cell design were fabricated on two substrates: a flexible polyimide foil and a rigid silicon wafer. Electrochemical characterization showed a clear influence of substrate type on TFBs discharge capacity and internal resistance variations during cycling, the results are discussed within this paper

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION WITHIN MIXTURE OF DISTRIBUTIONS

The recent financial crisis has highlighted the necessity to introduce mixtures of probability distributions in order to improve the estimation of asset returns and in particular to better take account of risks. Since Pearson (1894), these mixtures have been intensively used in many scientific fields since they provide very convenient mathematical tools to examine various statistical data and to approximate many probability distributions. They are typically introduced to model the choice of probability distributions among a given parametric family. The coefficients of the mixture usually correspond to the relative frequencies of each possible parameter. In this framework, we examine the single-period portfolio choice model, which has been addressed in the partial equilibrium framework, by Brennan and Solanki (1981), Leland (1980) and Prigent (2006). We consider an investor who wants to maximize the expected utility of the value of his portfolio consisting of one risk-free asset and one risky asset. We provide and analyze the solution for log return with mixture distributions, in particular for the mixture Gaussian case. The optimal portfolio is characterized for arbitrary utility functions. Our results show that mixture of distributions can have significant implications on the portfolio management.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences