jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Lectin Content in Leaves and Seeds of Two Species of Okra, &lt;i&gt;Abelmoschus esculentus &lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Abelmoschus caillei&lt;/i&gt;

Lectin is a glycoprotein which possesses at least one non-catalyzing domain that specifically and reversibly binds to mono and oligosaccharides. The concentration of lectin in these two species of okra: (A.esculentus and A.caillei) were determined using the glycoprotein agglutinating property with carbohydrate coated surface (erythrocytes) that can easily bind with the lectin present in the two Okra species. The study revealed that A.esculentus has high lectin content in the leaves but the seeds are characterized with low lectin content. Comparatively, A.caillei has low lectin content in its leaves while high level of lectin content was found in its seeds. Protein were extracted and detected by Bradford methods.Â The data were subjected to analysis using SAS package (L.S.D) version 2009 and it showed that A.esculentus has high protein content in its seeds (0.61 mg/ml) when compared with leaves (0.09mg/ml) of the same species. However, A.caillei has high level protein content in its leaves (0.19mg/ml) as compared with the low protein content found in seeds (0.58mg/ml). The research showed that the A.caillei has high level of lectin but low level of protein contents whereas; the A.esculentus has low level of protein but high level of lectin contents. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out on the genetic compatibility of the two species in order to explore a viable product that would have optimum level of lectin and high level of protein contents in specie of okra.

Topic: Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Solid‐state graft polymerization of styrene in spherical polypropylene particles in the presence of montmorillonite

Abstract In this work, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and methacryloyloxyethyhrimethyl ammonium chloride were used to prepare organophilic montmorillonite (O‐MMT). Then, polypropylene (PP)–clay nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ grafting polymerization of styrene (St)‐containing O‐MMT onto PP with tert ‐butyl perbenzoate as an initiator in the solid state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction were applied to study the structure of the layered silicate and modified PP. The surfaces of the composites and, thus, the distribution of the clay in the PP matrix were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The rheology and mechanical properties were studied and are discussed. According to the characterization results, OMMT and St were already grafted onto the PP main chain. Also, the intercalated structure of montmorillonite could be stabilized, and a stable exfoliated structure could be attained. Namely, intercalated PP/OMMT nanocomposites were obtained. The rheological results clearly show that these PP/OMMT nanocomposites had long‐chain‐branched structures. The peroxide modification of PP had minor effects on the tensile and bending strengths of the modified PP; however, this modification resulted in a significant reduction in the impact strength. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Topic: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Italian economic papers

Introduction On the Concept of Taxable Income and a System of Taxation on Consumption Long-term Movements of Discount and Prices Some Notes on an Aspect of the Theory of Fiscal Illusion The Elasticity of Demand of Substitute Goods Economic Theory and Industrial Syndicates On a Principle of Indetermination in Economic Dynamics Considerations on the Theory of Demand An Outline of a Theory of Economic Policy Sterile Profits and Productive Profit Elements of a Mathematical Theory of Dynamic Economic Equilibrium Problems of Constrained 'Optimum' Production and Working Population in a Free Market and in a Controlled Market Economic Institutional Systems: The Particular Case of Free Competition On the Relations between Cost and Quantity Produced Piero Sraffa: An Italian Economist at Cambridge

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrated electronic nose system for detection of Salmonella contamination in meat

A novel metal oxide based electronic nose system was designed and developed to detect Salmonella contamination in packaged meat (beef). This system contained an array of metal oxide detectors and custom made electronics for acquiring olfactory signature of the volatile organic compounds in the headspace of the meat packages produced by detector arrays. The acquired signals were processed using three wavelet packet transforms (WPT) for simultaneous noise reduction and compression. The coefficients of wavelet packets were used as features for developing statistical classification models using bootstrapped linear and quadratic discriminant analysis techniques. The average total classification accuracies for classifying Salmonella contaminated meat samples were higher than 82% with highest average accuracy of about 88%.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Five photographs of rock formation, location not known, c1927 to 1930?

Album, ca. 1927-ca. 1930, F3718 contains 6 loose leaf double-sided pages of sepia photographs from an album once belonging to Gwendolyn Edith Millicent Risson (nee Spurgin). The photographs include university excursions, possibly at Townsville, Palm Island and Tweed Heads. There are also some photographs of current events, including the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York in 1927, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge under construction. Gwen Spurgin attended the University of Queensland between 1925 and 1934. In 1934 she married Sir Robert Joseph Henry Risson, who graduated from the University of Queensland in 1923.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from A Cohort Study to Evaluate Genetic Predictors of Aromatase Inhibitor Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Results from ECOG-ACRIN E1Z11

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Aromatase inhibitor (AI)–associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) are common and frequently lead to AI discontinuation. SNPs in candidate genes have been associated with AIMSS and AI discontinuation. E1Z11 is a prospective cohort study designed to validate the association between 10 SNPs and AI discontinuation due to AIMSS.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Postmenopausal women with stage I to III hormone receptor–positive breast cancer received anastrozole 1 mg daily and completed patient-reported outcome measures to assess AIMSS (Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire) at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We estimated that 40% of participants would develop AIMSS and 25% would discontinue AI treatment within 12 months. Enrollment of 1,000 women with a fixed number per racial stratum provided 80% power to detect an effect size of 1.5 to 4. SNPs were found in &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; (rs2234693, rs2347868, and rs9340835), &lt;i&gt;CYP19A1&lt;/i&gt; (rs1062033 and rs4646), &lt;i&gt;TCL1A&lt;/i&gt; (rs11849538, rs2369049, rs7158782, and rs7159713), and &lt;i&gt;HTR2A&lt;/i&gt; (rs2296972).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Of the 970 evaluable women, 43% developed AIMSS and 12% discontinued AI therapy within 12 months. Although more Black and Asian women developed AIMSS than White women (49% vs. 39%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017; 50% vs. 39%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004, respectively), the AI discontinuation rates were similar across groups. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with AIMSS or AI discontinuation in the overall population or in distinct cohorts. The OR for rs2296972 (&lt;i&gt;HTR2A&lt;/i&gt;) approached significance for developing AIMSS.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;We were unable to prospectively validate candidate SNPs previously associated with AI discontinuation due to AIMSS. Future analyses will explore additional genetic markers, patient-reported outcome predictors of AIMSS, and differences by race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Physical Interaction of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Stimulates the Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein

The Tax oncoprotein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces leukemia in transgenic mice and permanent T-cell growth in vitro. In transformed lymphocytes, it acts as an essential growth factor. Tax stimulates the cell cycle in the G(1) phase by activating the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) CDK4 and CDK6 holoenzyme complexes. Here we show that Tax directly interacts with CDK4. This binding to CDK4 was specific, since Tax did not bind to either CDK2 or CDK1. The interaction with CDK4/cyclin D complexes was observed in vitro, in transfected fibroblasts, in HTLV-1-infected T cells, and in adult T-cell leukemia-derived cultures. Binding studies with several point and deletion mutants indicated that the N terminus of Tax mediates the interaction with CDK4. The Tax/CDK complex represented an active holoenzyme which capably phosphorylates the Rb protein in vitro and is resistant to repression by the inhibitor p21(CIP). Binding-deficient Tax mutants failed to activate CDK4, indicating that direct association with Tax is required for enhanced kinase activity. Tax also increased the association of CDK4 with its positive cyclin regulatory subunit. Thus, protein-protein contact between Tax and the components of the cyclin D/CDK complexes provides a further mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and immortalizing effects of this HTLV-1 oncoprotein.

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Automated Design of Diverse Stand-Alone Riboswitches

Riboswitches that couple binding of ligands to conformational changes offer sensors and control elements for RNA synthetic biology and medical biotechnology. However, design of these riboswitches has required expert intuition or software specialized to transcription or translation outputs; design has been particularly challenging for applications in which the riboswitch output cannot be amplified by other molecular machinery. We present a fully automated design method called RiboLogic for such "stand-alone" riboswitches and test it <i>via</i> high-throughput experiments on 2875 molecules using RNA-MaP (RNA on a massively parallel array) technology. These molecules consistently modulate their affinity to the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein upon binding of flavin mononucleotide, tryptophan, theophylline, and microRNA miR-208a, achieving activation ratios of up to 20 and significantly better performance than control designs. By encompassing a wide diversity of stand-alone switches and highly quantitative data, the resulting <i>ribologic-solves</i> experimental data set provides a rich resource for further improvement of riboswitch models and design methods.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exchange Value: <i>Nicomachean Ethics,</i> 5.5

Abstract Nicomachean Ethics, 5. 5 in recent decades has been read both as ethics and as economic analysis. On the ethical reading, most fully defended by Finley, the aim of the chapter is to arrive at a formula for fair exchange which accommodates Greek sensibilities about the inequality and status of the contracting parties. On the economic reading, the chapter is variously thought to be an attempt to explain the formation of market price, as Schumpeter thought; to show the substance of economic value to be utility, as Kauder and Soudek thought; or to show it to be labour, as Gordon, Ross, Hardie and others thought.

Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Costs of Aggregate Hydrocarbon Additions

'Oil Equivalence' is widely used to measure total hydrocarbon activity. Natural gas is converted to oil using a fixed factor, usually based on thermal measurement. In turn, expenditures on oil and gas are divided by such 'oil equivalence' volumes to define unit costs, especially of reserve additions. This approach lacks economic content. We show its implicit assumptions and constraints, and develop an alternative aggregation method using index numbers, with an example.

Topic: Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
E-Government, Service Transformation, and Procurement Reform in Canada

New organizational arrangements are required to underpin emerging public sector service transformation initiatives with a substantial electronic government (e-government) dimension. These arrangements are both internal to government, involving new collaborative relationships among service delivery agencies and reform of procurement processes, and external, involving the formation and management of strategic relationships between private sector information technology (IT) vendors and public service providers. This article explores the relational context of service transformation by first examining some current initiatives in Canada—at both provincial and federal levels. These case studies reveal the nexus between digital technologies, internal organizational change, and public–private sector interactions. They also reveal the emergence of new collaborative mechanisms between both sectors, especially in the initial phase of relationships where the IT-enabled service transformation is being mutually defined. This heightened level of collaboration also represents a significant departure from traditional government procurement models—where inputs are defined by public authorities and then secured in the marketplace from qualified vendors. E-government—and service transformation initiatives in particular—are consequently driving a rethinking of the role and purpose of procurement mechanisms in an increasingly digital and interdependent environment. Many political and administrative quandaries remain, however, as governments struggle to achieve a balance between traditional public interest principles such as probity, transparency, and accountability, and the rising importance of strategic collaboration. Building on the case studies and a review of current efforts at procurement reform, this article offers and assessment of how this interrelationship between service transformation and public–private collaboration is likely to shape future e-government-based service transformation efforts in Canada.

Topic: E-Government and Public Services
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of sealing ability of three different root end filling materials

Aim of this in vitro study was to compare sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)(DeTrey, Dentsply, Germany), Super EBA (Staident International, Great Britan), and IRM (DeTrey, Dentsply, Germany) in retrograde cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser. After root-canal instrumentation and filling, apices of sixty single-rooted teeth were resected. Retrograde Class I cavities 3 mm deep, were prepared with Er:YAG laser. Laser beam parameters were: a pulse of very short duration (100µ ; ; ; s), energy of 280 mJ, and repetition rate of 10 Hz. Cavities of each group of 10 samples were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Super-EBA, and IRM. After 7 days in ink the teeth were cleared and the degree of microleakage was measured with stereomicroscope. The results showed that MTA (0.14± ; ; ; 0.08)have significantly lower microleakage (p<0.05) in comparison with Super EBA (0.41± ; ; ; 0.23)and IRM(0.87± ; ; ; 0.21). All three root end fillings allowed some leakage to occur. Leakage with MTA was significantly lower than with Super EBA and IRM.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Purification and characterization of a novel levanoctaose-producing levanase from Pseudomonas strain K-52.

Levan-assimilating micro-organisms from soil samples were screened for levanoligosaccharide-generating enzyme production. The isolated strain K-52 produced an extracellular levanoctaose-generating enzyme and was identified as belonging to genus Pseudomonas. The levanase was purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Toyopearl 650 M, Sephadex G-100 and hydroxyapatite. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as approx. 38 kDa by both SDS/PAGE and gel filtration, and its isoelectric point was approx. pH 4.8. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme reaction were 35 and 7.0 respectively. The enzyme was stable at a pH range of 6.0-9.0 at 4 degrees C and up to 40 degrees C at pH 6.8. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Fe2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Ag2+. The levanase was specific toward 2,6-beta-D-fructosidic linkages of levan and did not hydrolyse other polysaccharides such as inulin and dextran. Chemical modification on the levanase suggested that cysteine and histidine residues are essential for enzyme activity. The levanoctaose liberated by levanase reaction was used selectively only by the intestinal beneficial micro-organisms, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Praktek Ramalan Dalam Perspektif Pasal 545 Ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana

<strong>Muhamad Abdul Mujib</strong> Fakultas Hukum Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya Jalan Semolowaru Nomor 45 Surabaya 60118, Indonesia <strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <em>The occult world in Indonesia has become an inseparable culture of the people, these occult experts are commonly called with shamans, paranormal, kiyai, ustadz etc., the average person is considered to have more supernatural abilities than others. In general, people in Indonesia strongly believe in things that are mystical/occult, especially Javanese society that until this modern period still hold firm beliefs of ancestral heritage tradition. The types of klenik in Java is very diverse to follow the tastes and understanding of society in general even a shaman claims himself as a multitalent who can resolve all kinds of problems ranging from mate affairs, fortune-predicting fortune, treatment, penglarisan, just stuff that smells Unbelievers, but the belief that thrives in this society is utilized by a handful of people to gain profits by claiming to have supranataural ability, some even claim to be able to bring Money unseen this becomes a phenomenon in the community and many believe it. As with the Predictive Predictions that say the ability to predict one's fate and fortune in the near or far future, the method used varies according to the dukun's belief. The question is whether or not it is just a form of fraud, then how does the law act in Indonesia in handling the phenomenon that has been in trust the community? </em>

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anticrossing spectroscopy of K Rydberg atoms using 300-K blackbody radiation

The avoided crossings in an electric field of K s and p states with the nearly hydrogenic Stark manifold states have been investigated using 300-K blackbody radiation. Anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{j}$\ensuremath{\Vert} for which the \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} values are the same or differ by one are encountered. The anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} are quite wide as they are due to core penetration and polarization effects. The anticrossings for which \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} differs by one are produced by the spin-orbit interaction and are accordingly quite small. We present results for the ns states for n in the range 18--29 and for the np states for n in the range 19--23.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gait Abnormality Detection Using Deep Convolution Network

Human gait analysis plays a significant role in clinical domain for diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders. It is an extremely challenging task for detecting abnormalities (unsteady gait, stiff gait, etc.) in human walking if the prior information is unknown about the gait pattern. A low-cost Kinect sensor is used to obtain promising results on human skeletal tracking in a convenient manner. A model is created on human skeletal joint positions extracted using Kinect v2 sensor in place using Kinect-based color and depth images. Normal gait and abnormal gait are collected from different persons on treadmill. Each trial of gait is decomposed into cycles. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was developed on this experimental data for detection of abnormality in walking pattern and compared with state-of-the-art techniques.

Topic: Gait Recognition and Analysis
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unraveling the killing mechanism of complement’s Membrane Attack Complex.

The host’s innate immune system forms the first line of defense against invading microbes. Of major importance in innate immunity is the complement system which consists of plasma proteins to eliminate potential pathogens. Assembly of complement’s Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) lyses bacteria through pore-formation in the bacterial membrane. Despite the fact that the MAC has been extensively studied, the exact killing mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria remains uninvestigated. This writing assignment focuses on approaches and methods to study killing mechanisms of other pore-forming complexes and to distinguish between outer and inner membrane disruption of Gram-negative bacteria. Several approaches are highlighted which may be useful to unravel the exact killing mechanisms of the MAC on Gram-negative bacteria.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Species Complex in the Iconic Frog-Eating Bat Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) with High Variation in the Heart of the Neotropics

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) No abstract provided.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences