jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learned vs. Hand-Crafted Features for Pedestrian Gender Recognition

This paper addresses the problem of image features selection for pedestrian gender recognition. Hand-crafted features (such as HOG) are compared with learned features which are obtained by training convolutional neural networks. The comparison is performed on the recently created collection of versatile pedestrian datasets which allows us to evaluate the impact of dataset properties on the performance of features. The study shows that hand-crafted and learned features perform equally well on small-sized homogeneous datasets. However, learned features significantly outperform hand-crafted ones in the case of heterogeneous and unfamiliar (unseen) datasets. Our best model which is based on learned features obtains 79% average recognition rate on completely unseen datasets. We also show that a relatively small convolutional neural network is able to produce competitive features even with little training data.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Environmental scare: the case of anthropogenic climate change

There are many who regard anthropogenic, global climate change as the most urgent problem facing humankind. There are also critics who dismiss the whole idea as a hoax, who remain deeply sceptical of even the basic scientific conclusions and who therefore feel no motivation to even consider policies that would reduce carbon emissions. Polls indicate that public attitudes are decidedly mixed. A 2010 study revealed that 61 per cent of Americans believed that the planet is getting warmer, but 45 per cent agreed that ‘[t]here is a lot of disagreement among scientists about whether or not global warming is happening’. With almost half the population supposing that there exists a genuine scientific controversy, it is worth exploring the accuracy of that judgement. Is the appearance of controversy a reflection of genuine scientific disagreement, or is this appearance better explained in terms of public ignorance of the relevant evidence, cognitive biases, poor argument evaluation and the agenda of groups that feel threatened by a scientific consensus? The chapter is not designed as an authoritative overview of the state of the science nor as an attempt to answer the many particular criticisms that have been levelled against the sciences surrounding climate change. We might nevertheless each hope to become better informed on the issue. Our framing concept of a created controversy will also prove instructive.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AN INTRODUCTION TO AQUEOUS HYDRAULIC CONVEYANCE OF SOLIDS IN PIPE LINES

The report deals with the basic parameters and relationships involved in the aqueous transport of solids in pipe -lines and is essentially a review of work done by others up to the present time. TERMINOLOGY AND PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE PROBLEM OF HYDRAULIC CONVEYING HEAD LOSSES IN HYDRAULlC CONVEYING PUMP CHARACTERlSTIC REQUIREMENTS

Topic: Water Systems and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecules in Wikipedia: Analysis of their chemical diversity, functional roles, and popularity

Wikipedia is one of the most widely accessed sources of information worldwide, containing nearly 25,000 molecular entries spanning drugs, natural products, specialty chemicals, and other compounds. Despite its prominence, the chemical content of Wikipedia has not been systematically studied. In this work, we analyzed molecular entries and classified them into use categories, providing a first overview of their roles and applications. Structural diversity was examined using scaffold analysis and UMAP visualization, which revealed well-defined clusters corresponding to major chemical classes. In addition, Wikipedia pageview statistics were analyzed to explore the popularity of molecular entries. These data revealed a strong public focus on CNS-active drugs, recreational substances, and molecules with current medical or cultural relevance, while industrial and specialty chemicals attracted comparatively little attention. Overall, our findings show that Wikipedia offers both a chemically diverse and socially informative perspective on molecules, making it a unique resource at the intersection of chemistry, open data, and public knowledge.

Topic: Wikis in Education and Collaboration
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
External validity of the PRECISE-DAPT score in patients undergoing PCI: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aims To summarize the totality of evidence validating the Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score, ascertaining its aggregate discrimination and validation power in multiple population subsets. Methods and results We searched electronic databases from 2017 (PRECISE-DAPT proposal) up to March 2023 for studies that reported the occurrence of out-of-hospital bleedings according to the PRECISE-DAPT score in patients receiving DAPT following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as summary statistics and were calculated using a random-effects model. Primary and secondary endpoints were the occurrence of any and major bleeding, respectively. A total of 21 studies and 67 283 patients were included; 24.7% of patients (N = 16 603) were at high bleeding risk (PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25), and when compared to those at low bleeding risk, they experienced a significantly higher rate of any out-of-hospital bleeding (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.24–3.29; P-value &amp;lt;0.001) and major bleedings (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 2.71–4.55; P-value &amp;lt;0.001). Pooling data on c-stat whenever available, the PRECISE-DAPT score showed a moderate discriminative power in predicting major bleeding events at 1 year (pooled c-stat: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64–0.77). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis confirms the external validity of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting out-of-hospital bleeding outcomes in patients on DAPT following PCI. The moderate discriminative ability highlights the need for future improved risk prediction tools in the field.

Topic: Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE INSURANCE BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC

Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: This study investigated the causality of the relationship between life insurance business and economic growth of Nigeria for the period 2000-2011. Pearson’s Product Movement Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypothesis to determine the extent of the causality of the relationship between life insurance business and economic growth. The researcher graphically measured the ratio of life insurance premium to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study revealed that there was significant causal relationship between life insurance business and economic growth of Nigeria. It was also discovered that despite the high degree of the causality of the relationship between life insurance premium and GDP, that life insurance premium has not been able to make a meaningful contribution to economic growth of the country. The study concluded that life insurance business has not effectively contributed to the growth of Nigeria economy due to low consumption, and that individual and corporate organizations have failed to embrace life insurance policies in Nigeria. The researcher therefore, recommended that National insurance commission (NAICOM) should enforce the compulsory group life insurance policy, and ensure that there is high level of transparency initiative and efficiency in Nigeria insurance industry. This would go a long way in mitigating the factors that hinder individuals and organizations in embracing life insurance

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Case of Marfan Syndrome with Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm Involving Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta

Marfan syndrome is an inheritable connective tissue disorder with protean clinical manifestations involving the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular system. It is well estabalished that the major cause of morbidity in Marfan syndrome is the dilation of the aortic root as well as the associated aortic regurgitation and dissection. Aortic dissection usually begins just above the coronary ostia in the ascending aorta and extends the entire length of aorta. We report a rare case of Marfan syndrome with aortic dissection which begins distal to the left subclavian artery in the descending aorta.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human Rotavirus Infection in Malaysia. II. A Study on the Influence of Living Standard on the Prevalence of Rotavirus-Associated Gastroenteritis in Children Hospitalized with Diarrhoea

The association between different living standards and the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children admitted to the gastroenteritis ward of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital was studied. Rota-virus gastroenteritis was determined by the detection of rotavirus in the faeces of the patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of this survey indicated higher prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children from lower socio-economic classes. The prevalence of the disease is higher in large families. Hygienic home circumstances reduced the risk of rotavirus diarrhoea but the source of water supply used for drinking and washing and methods of human excreta disposal seem not to be important factors in influencing the prevalence of the disease.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immune-Mediated Liver Injury From Checkpoint Inhibitors Requiring Supratherapeutic Corticosteroid and Mycophenolate Treatment

A 43-year-old woman with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma from the left adrenal gland for which she was prescribed therapeutic mitotane was found to have grade 4 immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors that was unresponsive to standard-dose corticosteroids. Mitotane inhibits steroidogenesis, induces CYP3A4, increasing steroid metabolism, and can cause adrenal insufficiency. Thus, supratherapeutic steroid doses were required for anti-inflammatory response along with mycophenolate. To our knowledge, this is the first case to describe a patient concurrently receiving mitotane and pembrolizumab with an immune-related adverse event requiring interdisciplinary care, with insights into steroid physiology and immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors necessitating a customized treatment plan.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
An Archaeological Study from Martha's Vineyard. E. Gale Huntington. The Dukes County Intelligencer, Vol. 1, No. 2, Dukes County Historical Society, Edgartown (Massachusetts), 1959. 10 pp., 9 plates. $0.50.

An Archaeological Study from Martha's Vineyard. E. Gale Huntington. The Dukes County Intelligencer, Vol. 1, No. 2, Dukes County Historical Society, Edgartown (Massachusetts), 1959. 10 pp., 9 plates. $0.50. - Volume 26 Issue 2

Topic: Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The article presents the results of studies, evaluating the plasticity of spring barley varieties in the Republic of Tatarstan. The groups of varieties, differing in yield and resistance to stress, were distinguished. The features, that allow to predict the yield of spring barley, were highlighted in the paper.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Revealing integrated thinking through integrated reporting: an exploratory study within an Australian context

Whilst integrated thinking is a core concept within the integrated reporting framework issued by the IIRC, it remains unclear how stakeholders and practitioners understand this concept in either theory or practice. This paper aims to explore: (1) how stakeholders and companies interpret integrated thinking; (2) how integrated thinking is being applied within pilot organisations, and (3) changes that have been made - or should be made - to facilitate integrated thinking within organisations.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Directed Steiner path packing and directed path connectivity

For a digraph $D=(V(D), A(D))$, and a set $S\subseteq V(D)$ with $r\in S$ and $|S|\geq 2$, a directed $(S, r)$-Steiner path or, simply, an $(S, r)$-path is a directed path $P$ started at $r$ with $S\subseteq V(P)$. Two $(S, r)$-paths are said to be arc-disjoint if they have no common arc. Two arc-disjoint $(S, r)$-paths are said to be internally disjoint if the set of common vertices of them is exactly $S$. Let $κ^p_{S,r}(D)$ (resp. $λ^p_{S,r}(D)$) be the maximum number of internally disjoint (resp. arc-disjoint) $(S, r)$-paths in $D$. The directed path $k$-connectivity of $D$ is defined as $$κ^p_k(D)= \min \{κ^p_{S,r}(D)\mid S\subseteq V(D), |S|=k, r\in S\}.$$ Similarly, the directed path $k$-arc-connectivity of $D$ is defined as $$λ^p_k(D)= \min \{λ^p_{S,r}(D)\mid S\subseteq V(D), |S|=k, r\in S\}.$$ The directed path $k$-connectivity and directed path $k$-arc-connectivity are also called directed path connectivity which extends the path connectivity on undirected graphs to directed graphs and could be seen as a generalization of classical connectivity of digraphs. In this paper, we obtain complexity results for $κ^p_{S,r}(D)$ on Eulerian digraphs and symmetric digraphs, and $λ^p_{S,r}(D)$ on general digraphs. We also give bounds for the parameters $κ^p_k(D)$ and $λ^p_k(D)$.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction of Martensite Formation Start Temperature in Steels Using Artificial Neural Networks

Martensite phase and its formation are quite attractive and important in industrial steels for reasons of having good properties such as high strength and high hardness. As such, determining the martensite formation start temperature in steel heat treatment operations is extremely important. Some parameters including chemical composition and grain size are effective factors on this temperature. In this investigation, we have made an attempt to determine this temperature with regard to chemical composition of steels. To reach this goal, we have explored the use of feedforward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Back Propagation (BP) learning algorithm. A comparison is made between the Ms temperatures predicted with this model and those from the empirical equation as well as the experimental values obtained from costly and time-consuming tests in scientific and industrial centers for various steels. This comparison indicates that a better agreement exists between the ANN-predicted results and experimental values than the results from the empirical equation and experimental values.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
235. Anticancer Effectiveness of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected With Thymidine Phosphorylase for Colorectal Cancer Cells

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) consists of targeted delivery to tumor cells with a suicide gene responsible for in situ conversion of a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. One of the major bottlenecks of GDEPT is to have the therapeutic gene specifically target on cancer cells prior to the administration of prodrug. Among various gene delivery methods, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential cellular vehicles for gene delivery. They exhibit remarkable tumor-tropic and low immunogenic capacities. In this study, MSCs was engineered to express thymidine phosphorylase (TP) which has the capability of converting prodrug 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine into toxic 5-fluorouracil. TP expression in the MSCs post-transfection of TP cDNA was confirmed by immunoblotting analysis and its activity was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Our results showed the anticancer effectiveness of human HT29 colorectal cells co-cultured with TP-expressing MSCs was enhanced with the addition of various dosages of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Various Diseases in Fruits and Vegetables with the Help of Different Deep Learning Techniques

Fruit and vegetable diseases have an important place in the food sector in terms of sustainable agricultural policies. Thus, ıt affects tissues, targeting and negatively impacting the food supply. In this study, Two separate Deep Learning (CNN, AlexNet) models were employed to detect this difference, visual damage and surface marker seen in fruits and vegetables. 22 strawberries and 18 tomato images were used for this analysis, and than data augmentation was implemented 600 images out of 40 images using the image reproduction broadcast. As a result, 83.3% success was achieved.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Monetary Policy in Our Times: Proceedings of the First International Conference held by the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies of the Bank of Japan.

Journal Article Monetary Policy in Our Times: Proceedings of the First International Conference held by the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies of the Bank of Japan Get access Monetary Policy in Our Times: Proceedings of the First International Conference held by the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies of the Bank of Japan. Edited by A. ANDO, H. EGUCHI, R. FARMER and Y. SUZUKI. (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: The MIT Press, 1985. Pp. xi + 335. £27.95 hardback.) Christopher Green Christopher Green The University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 96, Issue 382, 1 June 1986, Pages 551–552, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233141 Published: 01 June 1986

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Nanomedicine Clinical Use, Regulatory and Toxicology Issues in Europe

Nano medicine is a revolutionizing field that can benefit both diagnosis and treatment and contribute to a better quality of life. Despite the expected huge benefits, the potential risks on human health are significant as well. This thesis aims to defense a perspective that in case of nascent technologies, where the data are still emerging and scientific uncertainty prevails, risk governance should sustain the process of scientific knowledge by developing guidelines, codes of conduct and public information and provide a minimum level of safety acceptable to protect human health. Although Nano medicine is at an early stage of development some cautious measures should be taken that will provide regulatory mechanisms able to respond to the challenges posed by Nano medicine, establish a minimum level of safety but will also allow the further promotion of scientific knowledge. This multidisciplinary approach can contribute in adopting regulatory choices and tools that will help manage the risks, protect human health and promote scientific knowledge. As the technologies are designed based on a clear understanding of a particular disease, disease specific oriented focus is required for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. In addition, it will be important to establish a case-by-case approach to clinical and regulatory evaluation of each Nano pharmaceutical. High priority should be given to enhancing communication and exchange of information among academia, industry and regulatory agencies encompassing all facets of this multidisciplinary approach.&#x0D; Keywords: novel pharmaceuticals, Nano pharmaceuticals, toxicological issues, clinical use, Nano medicines

Topic: Biotechnology and Related Fields
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrodynamical Light Trapping Using Whispering-Gallery Resonances in Hyperbolic Cavities

We theoretically study spherical cavities composed of hyperbolic metamaterials with indefinite&#13;\npermittivity tensors. Such cavities are capable of electrodynamically confining fields with deep&#13;\nsubwavelength cavity sizes. The supported resonant modes are analogous to the whispering-gallery&#13;\nmodes found in dielectric microcavities with much larger physical sizes. Because of the nature of&#13;\nelectrodynamical confinement, these hyperbolic metamaterial cavities exhibit quality factors higher than&#13;\npredicted in the electrostatic limit. In addition, confining electromagnetic fields into the small cavities&#13;\nresults in an extremely high photonic local density of states.

Topic: Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unmasking white fragility: how whiteness and white student resistance impacts anti-racist education

The authors analyse how white undergraduate pre-service teachers resist anti-racist teacher education courses, and how acts of white fragility and white student resistance are employed against Black female professors. In this discussion, we draw from our experiences as two Black women faculty at two predominately white institutions (PWI). Using Critical Race Feminism we discuss how white student resistance is manifested in social interactions with Black female faculty, and how the racialized and gendered spaces of higher education, specifically teacher education, impacts teaching and learning. We introduce a conceptual framework for elucidating white student resistance using psychological and sociological concepts including 1) passive-aggressive behaviours, 2) groupthink, 3) lynch mob, and 4) bystander's effect. This article advances scholarship on white student resistance to non-hegemonic curriculum in higher education, and how whiteness structures student's ability to develop anti-racist praxis.

Topic: Critical Race Theory in Education
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences