jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anticancery Activity In Vitro Polysaccharides Fermented from Brown Algae

Cancer has become one of the world's leading causes of death, and the current treatment of cancer still cannot evade the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this study anticancer effect of fucoidan isolated from brown seaweeds polysaccharide was investigated. The obtained seaweeds polysaccharide is mainly prepared by fermenting, separating and purifying seaweeds by a mixed strain of yeast and Lactobacillus plantarum. Polysaccharides in algae can inhibit or kill tumor cells by enhancing the body's immune function and defense capability. Intake of polysaccharides can activate or activate macrophages, thus inducing them to produce tumor necrosis factor. Polysaccharides extracted from seaweed were formulated into different concentrations of drugs to treat 231 cells and HCT-116 cells to detect the effects of extracts on the two cancer cells. When no drug is added to the cell suspension, the cell grows well. The polysaccharides had no cytotoxicity on HCT-116 cells under 500 μg/mL and inhibited cell viability at concentration of 2000 μg/mL. As for 231 cells, the cell survival rate was 61.08% at 1000 μg/mL. The present research clearly indicated the cytotoxicity of seaweeds polysaccharide in HCT-116 cells and 231 cells through adding them. These results also suggested the seaweeds polysaccharide may be a powerful agent against cancer cells.

Topic: Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Glucolipotoxic induction of proinflammatory cell signalling pathways in pancreatic β-cell

Type 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by elevate glucose blood levels. Among genetic factors, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can trigger and exacerbate diabetogenesis. There are several reports describing how chronically elevated glucose and fatty acids lead to a gradual loss of pancreatic β-cell mass and function (Rhodes, 2005) (Mathis, Vence, & Benoist, 2005). Increased metabolic stress results in activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways, which ultimately lead to β-cell death. Recent high-density microarray experiments, on the INS-1 pancreatic β-cell transcriptome (Mark D. Turner, unpublished data), have identified genes and proteins whose expression is most sensible to the glucolipotoxic environment. Among 10% of genes found to show two-fold increase in expression (following exposure to glucolipotoxicity), the strongest candidate linked to islet inflammation and β-cell death was found to be TNFRSF5 (encoding CD40/TNFR5). This data was confirmed by independent quantitative PCR analysis (Mark D. Turner, unpublished data) showing a 3.62 fold change in TNFRSF5 expression, induced by high glucose and fatty acid environment. CD40/TNFR5 protein expression was examined in detail through a combination of Western Blot and confocal microscopy. Moreover, CD40 molecular function was confirmed using an RNA interference strategy in order to knock-down CD40 and subsequently, studying the effects of knock-down on molecules likely to have a major role in CD40 signalling. These included TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6, STAT1 and NF-kB. These studies show that, among all the genes most likely related to inflammation and apoptosis, CD40 is the most upregulated. Furthermore, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6 and STAT1 show upregulation in the same experimental conditions. A similar pattern of CD40 upregulation was also described in isolated mouse islets, high fat-fed mice and human islets (donated post-mortem); therefore, this may be a possible conserved pathway of cellular death, triggered by glucolipotoxicity.

Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Schistosoma haematobium cercaria in Bulinus truncatus snails from contaminated areas in Iran

<title>Abstract</title> Background After malaria, schistosomiasis is the second parasitic disease that causes death in the human population. Despite progress in control of infectious disease in the world, schistosomiasis still exists as an important health problem in many developing countries. Based on the extent of health measures taken in endemic countries, disease control has been done with varying degrees of success. The disease control and eradication program in Iran, as one of the infected countries, started in 1961 and continues until now. The last case of the disease was reported in 2001 and so far no positive case has been reported in Iran. Despite this issue, the offices related to the disease control program are still looking for contamination in the snail population and humans. Considering Iran's neighborhood with Iraq and the increase in tourist and pilgrimage traffic between the two countries, the risk of disease reappearance should always be kept in mind. Methods In this research, 400 samples of <italic>Bulinus truncatus</italic> snails were collected from different areas of endemic areas and were examined microscopically and PCR for the presence of <italic>Schistosoma haematobium</italic> cercaria. Results One percent of the samples were infected with <italic>Schistosoma sp</italic> cercaria, which were not related to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium</italic> by molecular PCR test. Conclusion Considering Iran's proximity to Iraq, the presence of suitable intermediate hosts in the region, and traffic between the two countries, the population of snails and humans should always be investigated in terms of Schistosoma contamination.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Algorithmen und Strukturen in C

This manuscript is the basis of a lecture on algorithms and data structures. lt starts with the definition of the terms algorithm, complexity, efficiency, and the asymptotic behavior of an algorithm. Data structures are then defined on various abstraction levels and it is shown how structures like arrays, sets, lists, graphs, trees, etc. can be mapped on a computer in order to achieve efficient operations on these structures as, e.g. accessing tree elements or sorting list elements. Tue resulting data structures describe the storage method as well as the basic operations on these data. Program kernels based on the described data structures are presented in C which can be combined for the solution of more complex problems. Complexity investigations are performed for the operations presented which allow a comparison of different algorithms with respect to time and space requirements. In the second part algorithms for various tasks, e.g. searching and sorting of list elements, efficient storage methods, and graph algorithms are described. These can be used as building blocks for more complex problems. Examples from different areas are presented and analyzed with respect to their asymptotic behavior.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trends in South African documentary film and video: questions of identity and subjectivity

This paper focuses on the development of an anti‐apartheid documentary film and video ‘movement’ in the period spanning the late 1970s to the early 1990s. It discusses the growth of independent film‐making as well as a number of organisational developments, which formed the basis of this ‘movement’. The paper broadly describes some of the trends that have emerged and places these within a theoretical framework that identifies and examines questions of identity and subjectivity. It proposes that new theoretical work is needed to represent South African ‘hybridity’ and examines what seems to be a shift towards representing ‘hybridity’ in recent forms of anti‐apartheid documentary film and video.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supply chain coordination and decisions under effort-dependent demand and customer balking behaviour

The paper explores supply chain coordination under a sales effort-dependent demand and customer balking scenario and analyses the impacts of revenue- and cost-sharing contracts on the decisions of supply chain members. This paper subsequently develops a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer and examines two models that incorporate customer balking and sales efforts: in one model, the retailer offers a revenue sharing-only contract, and in the other model, the retailer and the supplier bargain on the revenue and cost-sharing contract. The results show that the revenue- and cost-sharing contract can coordinate the decentralised supply chain better than it can coordinate a centralised supply chain and that the effects of customer balking on the supply chain are clear; when customer balking occurs, the probability of a sale occurring can increase the profit of the supply chain, while the threshold of inventory and the sales effort can improve the marketing demand.

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Probabilistic Risk Modeling for Cost-Benefit Analysis: Application to Road Safety Measures

This paper presents a modeling approach to investigate the association of the probability of traffic accident with road safety measures. First, the probability of traffic accident is defined as the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of motor vehicles in a region or country during a period of time. To improve road safety, i.e. decreasing the probability of traffic accidents, road safety measures should be implemented. The law of diminishing marginal returns indicates that as the total investment in a single road safety measure increases, the total return on investment (probability of transportation accident) decreases. Regression analysis is employed to build the relationship between effect (probability of traffic accident) and the cost of a single safety measure based on the limited count data. The expected net benefit, which equals benefit minus the cost of safety measure is given by probabilistic risk model, if the net benefit exceeds zero the corresponding safety measure is identified as cost effective.

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IMPACT OF SOCIAL-MEDIA USE ON BRAND EQUITY OF MAGAZINE BRANDS : A Qualitative Study of Vogue Turkey

This dissertation examines the impact of social media use on the brand equity of magazine brands. Building on an integrative model, which brings together classical theories of brand management and the frontiers of research in social media, this study examines one of the first magazines to incorporate social media in its marketing strategy. In addition to four interviews conducted with social media strategists and field experts, this study has used observation data and an online self-completion questionnaire in the analysis of its case. As a result, this study concludes that social media use impacts brand equity of magazine brands in four major ways: (1) Social media opens a new direct communication channel between the magazine brand and its audience; (2) Social media increases magazine brand’s presence and therefore the influence in the daily lives of its audience; (3) Social media facilitates magazine audience’s involvement in promoting the brand indirectly with its numerous content sharing functionalities, and in a very natural manner; and finally (4) Social media helps the magazine brand form and manage concrete relationships with its audience.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Design improvements for the polyhedral specular reflector spectrum-splitting module for ultra-high efficiency (&amp;#x003E;50%)

A spectrum-splitting module design, the polyhedral specular reflector (PSR), is proposed for ultra-high photovoltaic efficiency (>50%). Incident light is mildly concentrated (≤16 suns) and subsequently split seven ways by a series of multilayer dielectric filters. The split spectrum is directed into compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) and each concentrates a given slice of the spectrum onto one of seven subcells for conversion. We have recently made significant improvements to the design, such as vertically stacking each submodule and rearranging the subcell order to increase the optical efficiency of the design. We optimize the concentration and composition of the parallelepiped prism (hollow vs. solid) and model designs with >50% module efficiencies including optical and cell nonidealities.

Topic: solar cell performance optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Typification of Geranium lobatum, basionym of Pelargonium lobatum

Geranium lobatum Burm. f., the basionym of Pelargonium lobatum (Burm. f.) L’ Herit., is lectotypified by an Oldenland specimen in G, selected from amongst four elements comprising the protologue to the name. S. Afr. J. Bot. 1985, 51: 347–349 Geranium lobatum Burm. f., die basioniem van Pelargonium lobatum (Burm. f.) L Herit., word gelektotipifiseer deur ‘n Oldenland-eksemplaar in G, wat gekies is uit vier elemente wat die protoloog van die naam uitmaak. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plantk. 1985, 51: 347–349

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Toll-like Receptor Agonist Imiquimod Facilitates Antigen-Specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell Accumulation in the Genital Tract Leading to Tumor Control through IFNγ

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K, Characterization of tumor infiltrating T cells following treatment with systemic DNA vaccination and locally applied imiquimod.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Murine Family of Gut-Restricted Class Ib MHC Includes Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of the Proposed HLA-G Homolog, “Blastocyst MHC”

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a multitude of specialized immune cells endowed with receptors for classical (class Ia) and nonclassical (class Ib) MHC proteins. To identify class I products that engage these receptors and impact immunity/tolerance, we studied gut-transcribed class Ib loci and their polymorphism in inbred, outbred, and wild-derived mice. Intestinal tissues enriched in epithelial cells contained abundant transcripts of ubiquitously expressed and preferentially gut-restricted Q and T class I loci. The latter category included the “blastocyst Mhc” gene, H2-Bl, and its putative paralog, Tw5. Expression of H2-Bl was previously detected only at the maternal/fetal interface, where it was proposed to induce immune tolerance via interactions with CD94/NKG2A receptors. Analysis of coding region polymorphism performed here revealed two major alleles of H2-Bl with conserved residues at positions critical for class I protein folding and peptide binding. Both divergent alleles are maintained in outbred and wild mice under selection for fecundity and pathogen resistance. Surprisingly, we found that alternative splicing of H2-Bl mRNA in gut tissues is prevalent and allele-specific. It leads to strain-dependent expression of diverse repertoires of canonical and noncanonical transcripts that may give rise to distinct ligands for intestinal NK cell, T cell, and/or intraepithelial lymphocyte receptors.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research into Clarification Filtration through Synthetic Filtering Partitions

Abstract The research presents the results of the study of clarification filtration process of low-concentration sludge suspensions through mixed media filtration systems containing fabric filtering partitions made of synthetic and cotton fibres. It is the kinetics of the clarification process of rougher filtration solutions under study in the research, as well as the stages of the formation of the filtering layer of synthetic filtering partitions are determined; the filtration regime of clarification filtering is analysed; the rate of the increase in the total resistance of the filtering partition in the process of dehydration is evaluated. The data available from the experiments allow providing a mathematical expression for the filtration rate. The influence of structural components of filter fabric on the initial stage of filtration process is taken into account.

Topic: Engineering and Agricultural Innovations
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;3D simulation of tissue pathological changes localization&lt;/title&gt;

Universal algorithm for mathematical simulation of biological objects structure visualization is presented. Monte Carlo algorithm was chosen as a basic simulation method. The mathematical model is implemented in TracePro Expert virtual environment. Developed scheme and mathematical model allow to calculate absorbed and scattered laser radiation spatial distribution in arbitrary structure and configuration of multilayer biological media. The purpose of analytic scheme is to improve optical surface inhomogeneous registration and spatial localization method that will result in noninvasive and contactless in vivo diagnostics of different nature anomalous formations.

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
10.1063/5.0053109.2

There are now more Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes than ever before that researchers use to simulate intense laser–plasma interactions. To date, there have been relatively few direct comparisons of these codes in the literature, especially for relativistic intensity lasers interacting with thin overdense targets. To address this, we perform a code comparison of three PIC codes: EPOCH, LSP, and WarpX for the problem of laser-driven ion acceleration in a 2D(3v) geometry for a 1020 W cm−2 intensity laser. We examine the plasma density, ion energy spectra, and laser–plasma coupling of the three codes and find strong agreement. We also run the same simulation 20 times with different random seeds to explore statistical fluctuations of the outputs. We then compare the execution times and memory usage of the codes (without “tuning” to improve performance) using between 1 and 48 processors on one node. We provide input files to encourage larger and more frequent code comparisons in this field.

Topic: Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence of Antibodies to Neospora caninum in Horses in North America

Serum samples from 296 horses slaughtered for food in the United States were tested for antibodies to Neospora caninum by the Neospora-agglutination test (NAT). Antibodies were found in 69 (23.3%) horses with titers of 1:40 (19 horses), 1:80 (19 horses), 1:100 (3 horses), 1:200 (7 horses), 1:400 (4 horses), and 1:800 (17 horses). This is the first serologic survey for N. caninum antibodies in horses.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Malignant alveolar soft-part tumor of leg: report of a case of 15-year duration.

Observation chez une femme de 33 ans presentant des maux de tete progressivement generalises depuis 3 semaines. Son histoire remonte a 15 ans avec presence d'une tumeur des tissus mous au mollet qui, malgre exerese, a recidive avec metastases dans la region parieto-occipitale droite

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Closer to the people: A comparative content analysis of populist communication on social networking sites in pre- and post-Election periods

A comparative content analysis explores stylistic and contextual factors that resonate with populist communication on social networking sites (SNSs). Advancing the field, we investigate differences in politicians’ use of populist communication in pre- and post-election periods by analyzing a comprehensive sample of Facebook posts and tweets (N = 1,010) of the leading candidates in the 2017 national parliamentary elections in Austria and the Netherlands. We identify important stylistic elements that resonate with populist political communication such as negative emotions or an us-versus-them rhetoric. Our findings further suggest that although populist communication is more prevalent in the SNS communication of right-wing and left-wing populist parties, political actors across all parties are more likely to use populist communication before than after elections. In line with recent conceptualizations, we argue that populism can be understood as a framework of communication with measurable sub frames, which can be expressed by different political actors with different goals. Understanding populism as a discursive framework of communication can ultimately help to reconcile existing divergent conceptualizations of populism.

Topic: Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Torque Sensors for Robot Joint Control

In Chapter, the stages of the joint torque sensor design are presented. New torque sensors for implementation of virtual backdrivability of robot joint transmissions have been developed. Torque measurement techniques, namely, electrical, electromagnetic, and optical, are discussed in detail. Technical requirements aimed at designing the highperformance torque sensor for humanoid robot arm were formulated. The substantial advantages of the optical technique motivated our choice in its favor. The main novelty of our method is application of the ultra-small size PI as sensitive element to measure relative motion of sensor components. The hub-spoke, ring-shaped, and semi-ring-shaped topologies of the sensor spring member were designed and investigated in order to optimize the mechanical structure of the detector. Hub-spoke structure was proven to be the most suitable solution allowing realization of compact sensor with high resolution. The designed optical torque sensors are characterized by good accuracy, high signal-to-noise ratio, compact sizes, light in weight, easy manufacturing, high signal bandwidth, robustness, low cost, and simple calibration procedure. In addition to contact force, torque sensor continuously measures the gravity and dynamic load. To extract the value of the contact force from sensor signal, we elaborated algorithm of calculation of torque caused by contact with object.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A METHOD FOR STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER MARINE ENVIRONMENT OVER LIFETIME AND ITS APPLICATION TO PRETENSIONED PC BEAMS

塩害環境下にあるコンクリート桁は,鋼材腐食が時系列で進展し得る中で,高頻度で活荷重の作用を受ける部材であり,設計耐用期間にわたる構造安全性を評価する際には,こうした荷重特性および鋼材腐食進展の影響を考慮する必要がある.本研究では,桁への荷重・環境作用に係る支配的なハザードである活荷重ハザードおよび塩害環境ハザードを考慮した上で,鋼材腐食進展評価および構造性能評価に介在する種々の不確定性を陽に反映させたコンクリート桁の構造安全性評価手法を提案した.そして,提案手法をプレテンションPC桁へと適用し,所要の構造安全性を設計耐用期間にわたって確保するためには,活荷重や塩害環境の特性を設計時に適切に考慮する必要があることを示した.

Topic: Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences