jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Placental transfer of 59Fe in rats after intravenous injection of 59Fe-iron dextran at near term.

The placental transfer of particulate materials was examined using iron dextran as the tracer particle. 59Fe-iron dextran (3.7 mg iron/animal) was injected intravenously into pregnant rats on day 18 of gestation. The fraction of injected radioiron accumulated in fetus was 0.009% of injection dose per gram wet weight of fetus between 10 and 60 minutes after injection, and 0.033% between 2 and 4 hours after injection. After subtraction of the 59Fe that had dissociated from 59Fe-iron dextran and had been taken up by transferrin in serum or reticuloendothelial sytem, the amount of 59Fe accumulated in fetus between the respective times after injection were undetectable and 0.030% of administered dose per gram wet weight of fetus.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Difficulties associated with the implementation of the preferential procurement policy in conjunction with a low-cost housing programme : a South African contextualisation

The South African government makes extensive use of a procurement policy to provide goods and services to its citizens. In this article, the use by the government of the preferential procurement policy to deliver low-cost housing is discussed. In addition, the way in which this practice exacerbates the existing housing backlog is explored. The article contends that the Provincial Departments of Local Government and Housing in South Africa are largely incompetent when it comes to implementing the preferential procurement policy. Consequently, the question of how the implementation of this policy could be improved is considered. In the process, the difficulties encountered in implementing the preferential procurement policy in conjunction with the low-cost housing programme are examined.

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Witchcraft today: an encyclopedia of Wiccan and neopagan traditions

A clear, concise overview of the origins and history of the Wiccan and Neopagan movements, with A-Z coverage of concepts, rituals, practices, and practitioners. * Thorough introduction explains the origin and history of contemporary Wiccan and Neopagan beliefs * Provides A-Z coverage of Neopagan concepts, rituals, practices, and practitioners ranging from African Religions and Celtic Tradition to Numerology and Theosophy * A documents section reprints texts important to the central belief system of Wiccans and Neopagans, including the text of Charge of the Goddess * Thorough chronology detailing the development of these modern religions

Topic: Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Calculation of Measurement Uncertainties of Synchronously Sampled AC Signals in Nonideal Synchronization with Fundamental Frequency

Synchronous sampling allows alternating current (AC) quantities, such as the root mean square (RMS) values of voltage and power, to be determined with very low uncertainties (on the order of a few parts of 10 -6 [1]). In this paper, a mathematical expression for estimating measurement uncertainties in nonideal synchronization with fundamental frequency AC signals is presented. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by measurements with a high-precision instrument used for measuring basic AC values.

Topic: Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genomic Analyses of Phenotypic Differences Between Native and Invasive Populations of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)

Invasive species represent excellent opportunities to study the evolutionary potential of traits important to success in novel environments. Although some ecologically important traits have been identified in invasive species, little is typically known about the genetic mechanisms that underlie invasion success in non-model species. Here, we use a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach to identify the genetic basis of trait variation in the non-model, invasive, diffuse knapweed [ Centaurea diffusa Lam. (Asteraceae)]. To assist with this analysis, we have assembled the first draft genome reference and fully annotated plastome assembly for this species, and one of the first from this large, weedy, genus, which is of major ecological and economic importance. We collected phenotype data from 372 individuals from four native and four invasive populations of C. diffusa grown in a common environment. Using these individuals, we produced reduced-representation genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries and identified 7,058 SNPs. We identify two SNPs associated with leaf width in these populations, a trait which significantly varies between native and invasive populations. In this rosette forming species, increased leaf width is a major component of increased biomass, a common trait in invasive plants correlated with increased fitness. Finally, we use annotations from Arabidopsis thaliana to identify 98 candidate genes that are near the associated SNPs and highlight several good candidates for leaf width variation.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phase-front shaping of extended beams in waveguide arrays

Summary form only given. Coupled waveguide arrays lend themselves very well to photonic engineering through tailoring of the propagation and coupling constants [1]. Especially interesting is the manipulation of collective Floquet Bloch waves (extended beams see Figure 1 top, a and d) that propagate over several waveguides through evanescent coupling and their manipulation for classical and quantum data processing. Phase-front shaping of these waves is crucial for compact imaging and photonic circuitry in the classical and quantum regime up to multiqbit architectures where phase-shifters are instrumental [2]. Segmentation of a waveguide enables a change of its propagation constant [3] and thus segmentation patterns can shape the phase front of a beam. Image reconstruction has indeed been demonstrated using π shifts [4]. We demonstrate here complete phase-front shaping in waveguide arrays by means of more general segmented patterns for a novel imaging approach. We implement three emblematic functions related to three phase profiles in III-V waveguide arrays: beam steering (linear wedge-profile), focusing and defocusing (quadratic lens-like profile) and diffraction (cosine profile). We evaluate the operation of those patterns by measuring maps of the output intensity profile as a function of the position of injection (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">injection</sub> =0 corresponds to the center of the patterns). The experimental maps clearly exhibit the desired effects (see Figure 1 for steering and focusing). The excellent agreement between the simulation and the experiment validates the concept of extensive phase front shaping via segmentation patterns, the fabrication and our capacity to design and fabricate more complex functions.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physical dissipation and the method of controlled Lagrangians

We describe the effect of physical dissipation on stability of equilibria which have been stabilized, in the absence of damping, using the method of controlled Lagrangians. This method applies to a class of underactuated mechanical systems including "balance" systems such as the pendulum on a cart. Since the method involves modifying a system's kinetic energy metric through feedback, the effect of dissipation is obscured. In particular, it is not generally true that damping makes a feedback-stabilized equilibrium asymptotically stable. Damping in the unactuated directions does tend to enhance stability, however damping in the controlled directions must be "reversed" through feedback. In this paper, we suggest a choice of feedback dissipation to locally exponentially stabilize a class of controlled Lagrangian systems.

Topic: Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Handling End-of-Life Situations in Small Animal Practice: What Strategies do Veterinarians Contemplate During their Decision-Making Process?

This study researched end-of-life (EoL) decision-making processes in small animal practices in the Netherlands, focusing on strategies veterinarians contemplate during this process. Fourteen veterinarians were interviewed about animal end-of-life decision-making. The results of these interviews show that the decision-making process consists of three steps. The first step is to <i>assess the animal’s health and welfare</i>. During the second step, veterinarians consider <i>the position of the owner</i>. Based on steps 1 and 2, veterinarians decide in step 3 whether their advice is to a) <i>euthanize</i> or b) <i>contemplate one or more strategies</i> to come to a decision or potentially alter the decision. These results can support members of the veterinary profession to reflect on their decision-making process. If veterinarians know what strategies their peers use to deal with EoL situations, this can help to reduce the stress they experience in such situations. In addition, veterinarians may find inspiration for new strategies in the study results. For the veterinary profession itself, the current results can be used as a starting point for describing best practices for EoL decision-making in small animal practice.

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Gone but not Forgotten: How Inventor Exit Helps in Technology Acquisitions

Firms interact with the strategic factor market to acquire new or external knowledge. However, firms face information asymmetries while trading resources in the strategic factor market because it is not perfect. We argue that inventor-exit helps a firm to identify a target for knowledge acquisition. Inventor–exit from a focal firm to a hiring firm suppresses information asymmetry between the firms and therefore increases the probability of acquisition. Moreover, the positive effect of inventor–exit on the likelihood of acquisition is negatively moderated by the research experience of the hiring firm. The analysis based on the global biopharmaceutical industry in the period 1993–2010 supports the arguments.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Adherence of Haemophilus somnus to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated bovine endothelial cells in culture.

Vascular thrombosis and tissue infarction is a principal lesion in Haemophilus somnus septicemia known also as thrombotic meningoencephalitis. This study was undertaken to examine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can influence the adherence of H. somnus to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Confluent BAEC were exposed to 0-100 nM of human recombinant TNF-alpha for 12-48 h. Suspensions of different strains of H. somnus (approximately 1.5-3 x 10(8) labelled with [methyl-3H]-thymidine, were added to BAEC and incubated for 1.5 h. Initial studies with one pathogenic (P) strain and one non-pathogenic (NP) strain revealed that both strains adhered to normal endothelial cells but minimally to subendothelial matrix remaining after removal of BAEC. Adherence to BAEC was reduced by an excess of unlabelled H. somnus of the same strain. Adherence was enhanced for both strains by exposure of BAEC to TNF-alpha in a manner that increased with TNF-alpha concentration and with duration of exposure to TNF-alpha prior to addition of bacteria. A survey of adherence of six live P strains and six NP strains demonstrated considerable variation but no difference in adherence between P and NP strains to normal or to TNF-alpha-stimulated BAEC. However, TNF-alpha consistently increased adhesion of each strain to BAEC. Both P and NP strains caused more severe cytotoxic changes in TNF-alpha-treated BAEC. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also increased adhesion of formalin-killed bacteria of P and NP strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Complete Discriminative Tensor Representation Learning for Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis

As an effective tool for two-dimensional data analysis, two-dimensional canonical correlation analysis (2DCCA) is not only capable of preserving the intrinsic structural information of original two-dimensional (2D) data, but also reduces the computational complexity effectively. However, due to the unsupervised nature, 2DCCA is incapable of extracting sufficient discriminatory representations, resulting in an unsatisfying performance. In this letter, we propose a complete discriminative tensor representation learning (CDTRL) method based on linear correlation analysis for analyzing 2D signals (e.g. images). This letter shows that the introduction of the complete discriminatory tensor representation strategy provides an effective vehicle for revealing, and extracting the discriminant representations across the 2D data sets, leading to improved results. Experimental results show that the proposed CDTRL outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the evaluated data sets.

Topic: Tensor decomposition and applications
Subfield: Computational Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Axial Range Expansion Method for Multi-Differential Confocal Three-Dimensional Imaging

In this study, a novel differential confocal microscopy (DCM) measurement method called the axial range expansion method for multi-differential confocal three-dimensional imaging is proposed. The method solves the problem of effective data extraction for DCM implementation of the multi-differential confocal (MDCM) method by analyzing the constraints of differential signals in DCM with respect to two confocal signals with axial offsets in DCM. And the processed DCM data from multiple locations are fused to realize the larger sensing measurement range. Experiments with a parallel object dual-detector system show that it is an effective method. Under the 10x/0.25 objective, the axial layer sweep step is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the measurement error of the step height of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$29.302~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.402~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and the error rate is 1.37%.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sound, Anthropology of

The anthropology of sound asks and describes what it means to identify the physical phenomenon of vibration through a transmitting medium as an aspect of experience, conveying both particular forms of knowledge and social, political, and economic significations. It explores the possible relationships between the capacities for speech and hearing and modes of social and cultural organization as formulations of difference. It considers how it may be possible to invoke a conceptualization of sound that is irreducible to linguistic and musical structures but is conditioned by ecology, matter, and media. In this field, which draws from the anthropologies of music and language and intersects with ethnomusicology and the anthropologies of media, science, space, and the senses, sound is both a subject of study and a means of representation, with the main proponent of the field, Steven Feld, advocating sound‐recording practice as a necessary, sensory resource for ethnographic communication.

Topic: Diverse Musicological Studies
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Generic Convergence of Sequences of Successive Approximations in Banach Spaces

We study the generic behavior of the method of successive approximations for set-valued mappings in Banach spaces. We consider, in particular, the case of those set-valued mappings which are defined by pairs of nonexpansive mappings and give a positive answer to a question raised by Francesco S. de Blasi.

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>A Most Magnificent Machine: America Adopts the Railroad, 1825–1862</i>. By Craig Miner. (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 2010. Pp. xvi, 325. $34.95.)

"A Most Magnificent Machine: America Adopts the Railroad, 1825–1862. By Craig Miner. (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 2010. Pp. xvi, 325. $34.95.)." The Historian, 73(4), pp. 834–835

Topic: American History and Culture
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fatal recurrent dermatoneuro syndrome associated with systemic AL amyloidosis

A male patient is presented with long-lasting paraproteinemia of monoclonal IgG λ, who suffered from recurrent, and until the last one, mostly reversible episodes of dermatoneuro syndrome, described exclusively in scleromyxedema. The skin biopsy revealed λ-light chain amyloid deposition instead of changes typical for scleromyxedema. Systemic AL amyloidosis was diagnosed post mortem since the patient had no clinical signs of any other organ impairment except skin and brain. Neuropathology is described and possible etiopathogenesis of brain involvement is considered.

Topic: Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Substrate Concentration on the Activation of Transketolase,

hydroxyphenylglycol by high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr 227, 391-405 (1982). 12. Santagostino G, Frattini P, Schinelli S, et al. Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol determination using reversed-phase chromatography with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr

Topic: Biochemical Acid Research Studies
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative study on mode split discrete choice models

Discrete choice model acts as one of the most important tools for studies involving mode split in the context of transport demand forecast. As different types of discrete choice models display their merits and restrictions diversely, how to properly select the specific type among discrete choice models for realistic application still remains to be a tough problem. In this article, five typical discrete choice models for transport mode split are, respectively, discussed, which includes multinomial logit model, nested logit model (NL), heteroscedastic extreme value model, multinominal probit model and mixed multinomial logit model (MMNL). The theoretical basis and application attributes of these five models are especially analysed with great attention, and they are also applied to a realistic intercity case of mode split forecast, which results indicating that NL model does well in accommodating similarity and heterogeneity across alternatives, while MMNL model serves as the most effective method for mode choice prediction since it shows the highest reliability with the least significant prediction errors and even outperforms the other four models in solving the heterogeneity and similarity problems. This study indicates that conclusions derived from a single discrete choice model are not reliable, and it is better to choose the proper model based on its characteristics.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Azadirachtin blocks the calcium channel and modulates the cholinergic miniature synaptic current in the central nervous system of <i>Drosophila</i>

Abstract BACKGROUND Azadirachtin is a botanical pesticide, which possesses conspicuous biological actions such as insecticidal, anthelmintic, antifeedancy, antimalarial effects as well as insect growth regulation. Deterrent for chemoreceptor functions appears to be the main mechanism involved in the potent biological actions of Azadirachtin, although the cytotoxicity and subtle changes to skeletal muscle physiology may also contribute to its insecticide responses. In order to discover the effects of Azadirachtin on the central nervous system ( CNS ), patch‐clamp recording was applied to Drosophila melanogaster , which has been widely used in neurological research . RESULTS Here, we describe the electrophysiological properties of a local neuron located in the suboesophageal ganglion region of D. melanogaster using the whole brain. The patch‐clamp recordings suggested that Azadirachtin modulates the properties of cholinergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic current ( mEPSC ) and calcium currents, which play important roles in neural activity of the CNS . The frequency of mEPSC and the peak amplitude of the calcium currents significantly decreased after application of Azadirachtin . CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Azadirachtin can interfere with the insect's CNS via inhibition of excitatory cholinergic transmission and partly blocking the calcium channel. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The United Nations and Human Rights, 1945-1985

Journal Article The United Nations and Human Rights, 1945-1985 Get access David P. Forsythe David P. Forsythe DAVID P. FORSYTHE, who was a visiting professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland during 1984-85, writes on human rights and humanitarian diplomacy. His recent book is Human Rights and World Politics. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 100, Issue 2, Summer 1985, Pages 249–269, https://doi.org/10.2307/2150655 Published: 15 June 1985

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Approximating travelling waves by equilibria of non-local equations

We consider an evolution equation of parabolic type in R having a travelling wave solution. We study the effects on the dynamics of an appropriate change of variables which transforms the equation into a non-local evolution one having a travelling wave solution with zero speed of propagation with exactly the same profile as the original one. This procedure allows us to compute simultaneously the travelling wave profile and its propagation speed avoiding moving meshes, as we illustrate with several numerical examples. We analyze the relation of the new equation with the original one in the entire real line. We also analyze the behavior of the non-local problem in a bounded interval with appropriate boundary conditions. We show that it has a unique stationary solution which approaches the traveling wave as the interval gets larger and larger and that is asymptotically stable for large enough intervals.

Topic: Differential Equations and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences