jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing biomarkers of awareness in people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease in care homes‐ a feasibility and pilot study

Abstract Background There is an urgent need to understand the nature of awareness in advanced AD to ensure effective person‐centred care. As dementia progresses, it can become very difficult for family members and caregivers to understand the lived experience of a person with advanced dementia, and assumptions are often made about their level of awareness and quality of life based on observations of behaviour. However, such observations are subject to bias and misinterpretation. In addition, there are anecdotal reports of variability of awareness with apparent moments of lucidity, however there is no objective data on how this relates to changes in underlying brain activity or subjective experience. Method This feasibility and pilot study uses of electrophysiological and physiological biomarkers to assess awareness and emotional responsiveness in a real‐world setting. These approaches include 1) 7 channel EEG 2) Bispectral index monitoring 3) physiological markers of emotional response (heart rate, electrodermal activity, accelerometry, temperature). These data were collected during a 1 hour protocol involving rest, musical stimulation, visual stimulation and interaction with caregivers. Result We report the feasibility of using these approaches in 15 people with advanced dementia (sMMSE 0, CDR 3) who reside in specialist dementia care homes. Data was collected in the ‘real world’ care home setting and was feasible and acceptable to people with advanced dementia, family members and care home staff. Preliminary data will be presented on baseline biomarkers of awareness and arousal in advanced AD, and whether EEG and physiological markers can differentiate between rest and emotionally salient conditions. Conclusion These biomarkers provide experimental approaches to assess awareness and improve understanding and care for people with advanced AD.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Limitation of myocardial expansion in late thrombolysis evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography].

Myocardial expansion in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is present in about 45% of the patients within the first 72 hours. This is associated with ventricular aneurysm formation, myocardial rupture, heart failure and early death. Experimental studies in animals with AMI have used late reperfusion to decrease the incidence of expansion with success. The present is a prospective, longitudinal, open and randomized study in 21 patients with anterior AMI, to evaluate if the late reperfusion (6 to 12 hours) can decrease the incidence of myocardial expansion graded quantitatively with bidimensional echocardiography. Two groups were made: group A (n = 12) who received thrombolysis with streptokinase 1.5 mill. IU plus oral aspirin 150 mg OD (n = 9). Both groups had the same characteristics of AMI and functional class of Killip and Kimball (I-II class). Intrahospital treatment was given freely in both groups. The expansion was evaluated with bidimensional echocardiography used Jugdutt's method. In group A, expansion was present in 25% of the cases, while in group B was 66.6% (p < 0.0005). The distortion area, distortion peak, septal thickness and large asynergic segment were more sensitive parameters to identify myocardial expansion. Our results are similar to some experimental studies. We conclude that late thrombolysis can be useful in decreasing the incidence of myocardial expansion. Bidimensional echocardiography is a useful, fast and safe method to identify myocardial expansion.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhanced Learning Experience for Remote Students in Hybrid Class Model using 360° View Camera and Telepresence Robot

Conventional online teaching methods (ex: Zoom, MS Team) have some disadvantages along with its own advantages. The main disadvantages of basic online teaching and learning are highlighted as limited physical interaction with classmates/groupmates, loss of campus atmosphere, lack of face to face interaction with teachers and inappropriateness for more dependent learners. Some of the concerns and disadvantages can be addressed by adopting a hybrid (cyber-physical) mode of teaching and learning. The hybrid mode of teaching combines face-to-face physical class and remote students attending the same class virtually through online platform in a cohesive learning environment. In this work, we report a study and findings of conducting different hybrid classes sessions involving regular physical class and remote students attending the same class virtually through (a) online platform such as Zoom connected with 360° view camera for teaching and group discussion/brainstorming, and (b) hands-on activity involving remote student/students interacting with a group of students in physical class/lab through a Telepresence robot. The hybrid class sessions focused on studying the impact of involvement of 360° view camera and Telepresence robot on online teaching and learning, group activity and hands-on activities. By using the survey data, we studied how technology can be used for enhanced teaching and learning in a hybrid class mode, its impact on learning, its user-friendliness and areas for further improvement to create an effective teaching and learning environment.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Star (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) Strategy to Increase Vocabulary Mastery of Eighth Grade Students

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the implementation of STAR (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) strategy of the eighth grade students of MTs N 1 Bangka, and (2) to find out whether there was any significant difference in vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using STAR strategy and the students who were taught without STAR strategy. This study was focused on vocabulary mastery. The total number of sample was 64 students. In this study, the researcher used experimental research method with a quasi-experimental design. The result showed that the students’ vocabulary mastery significantly increased. It could be seen from the pre-test and post-test mean score. Furthermore, the result of independent sample t-test of students’ post-test between experimental group and control group showed that the t-obtained was higher than t-table (2.547 &gt; 2.00) and the p-output was lower than computation with level significant 0.05 (0.014 &lt; 0.05). It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It could be concluded that STAR strategy was effective to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Redo aortic arch replacement through a second transcostal approach for closure of type 1A endoleak after endovascular treatment of type B aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome

Abstract A 41-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome suffering from chronic expanding type A dissection of the distal aortic arch and pectus excavatum underwent aortic arch replacement through a left parasternal approach. We demonstrate that this approach is also feasible in complex redo surgery on the aortic arch in selected patients.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Decision-Making Processes Using WhatsApp

Smartphone applications have become increasingly popular, influencing functioning in all life domains. This study investigated the influence of the WhatsApp application on decision-making processes among kindergarten-managers. The research aimed to investigate the types of decisions made using WhatsApp. To examine this, a 3-phase mixed-method research was applied: (1) 23 semi-structured interviews with kindergarten managers. (2) Analysis of 74 WhatsApp managers-parents conversations. (3) A questionnaire administered to 324 kindergarten-managers. The managers reported a constant pressure for an immediate reaction and rapid decision making. Despite the pressure, managers claim they can limit the decision making to simple decisions and postpone complex decision making to off-line procedures. Yet, analysis of the questionnaire results indicate that this claimed ability to differentiate and limit the decision making to simple ones, is not the general case: managers who benefited more from WhatsApp tended to broaden the decision-making scope to all types of decisions. The expectation is that, as WhatsApp benefits to managers become more and more evident and the pressure to respond quickly increases, the barriers will tend to fall down, and more complex decision will be made on-line with the evident implications.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Syntax and Semantics of Indexical Shifting in Modern Uyghur

All natural languages known so far have expressions referring to certain aspects of the context of utterance. In English, for example, the expression me refers to the speaker in the context of utterance, 1 and does not have a fixed referent unlike proper names. More concretely, when you and I say me, this single word refers to two different individuals, whereas when we say Plato, we

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Translating 2D Geometric Illusions for 3D Contexts

This paper describes the creation and evaluation of four novel, interactive objects that have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of 2D optical illusions within 3D objects. Illusions are recognised as a key means to understand how one processes visual input and perceives the world around them. A huge number of 2D illusions have been generated from the 18th century onwards, and a significant body of work exists that explores their characteristics, classifications, and operations. This paper identifies and selects four established 2D geometric illusions and explores their viability as 3D objects. A controlled experiment was conducted to ascertain whether they retained their perceptive illusory strength. A sample population of 30 participants was used and their interaction with purpose-built models was measured. Means are discussed whereby the illusions can be utilised in product design to either emphasise or counteract optical effects in geometric form.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A patient follow-up system for stomach cancer

The concept of PASK (Patient follow-up System of Kyushu University Hospital) has been innovated in order to manage clinical data of patients in the hospital-wide scope over long periods of time by using computers. PASK represents a collection of subsystems, each tuned to a specific disease. For the initial implementation, the subsystem for stomach cancer (STOMAC) was constructed according to the Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital project. STOMAC began to work in October 1984 and has proved effective. Using STOMAC, doctors in a clinical section can easily access patient data gained in another section. Besides providing a data reference function, STOMAC automatically gives alarms for abnormalities in clinical examination results, anti-tumor drug dosage, visitation cycles of patients, etc. The database and STOMAC programs are strongly standardized and easily applicable to another specific disease.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Developing Impact Investment Opportunities for Return-Seeking Capital in Sustainable Marine Capture Fisheries

different timelines in which they expect to realize financial gains. Impact investment:An investment that actively achieves positive (and measurable) social or environmental results while generating financial returns.To achieve these other objectives, impact investors are sometimes willing to wait longer for financial returns (patient capital), accept a lower return than commercial rates, or accept more risk.Impact capital usually flows to projects in several ways:• Equity financing: A company sells stock or shares to investors.• Fixed income/debt financing: Companies or governments borrow money from investors or financial institutions with an obligation to pay back the principal plus interest (also referred to as debt financing; this includes the sale of bonds).

Topic: Community Development and Social Impact
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative Study of Different Underfill Material on Flip Chip Ceramic Ball Grid Array Based on Accelerated Thermal Cycling

Problem statement: This study mainly to study the effect of several commercial underfill materials to the reliability of HiCTE Flip Chip Ceramic Ball Grid Array (FC-CBGA) package due to Accelerated Thermal Cycling (ATC) effect.Approach: The warpage condition of package, die back stress, interfacial die shear stress, and solder bump fatigue for different commercial underfills were assessed and compared via a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) under JEDEC Standard of ATC.The thermo-mechanical properties of underfills for simulation were obtained by using Thermal Mechanical Analyzer (TMA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA).The actual package of HiCTE FC-CBGA were assembled with those underfill materials and underwent ATC to be compared with FEA result.Results: The results from FEA and experimental were discussed to characterize the performance of each underfill material.The results of this study indicate that the underfill materials investigated, those with a glass transition temperature (Tg) and a Young ' s modulus of approximately above 105°C and 8-9 GPa, respectively, were appropriate for HiCTE FC-CBGA with high lead solder bumps.Conclusion: The result from FEA analysis and ATC reliability test found that the underfill materials with high and medium low Young's modulus has high reliability in FC-CBGA package.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Furtual horizons : a Rainfurrest anthology

This anthology was created by fans of Rainfurrest with a simple goal in mind: to give something back. ... enter a world of sprawling corporate complexes, of bright lights and darker shadows, and the people that make their mark in the spaces between."--Back cover.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a novel encystment medium: Enhancing diagnostic potential of Acanthamoeba spp.

Background and Aim: Acanthamoeba spp. are pathogenic microorganisms linked to severe infections in humans and animals, requiring a deeper understanding of their encystation process for effective diagnostics and research. This study focused on developing a novel encystment medium to induce synchronized encystation of Acanthamoeba spp. efficiently and rapidly. Materials and Methods: The study employed response surface methodology with a central composite design to optimize the encystment medium formulation. The key components included Tris-HCl, NaCl, glucose, and MgCl2. The optimized liquid medium was spray-dried to produce a dehydrated powder for practical application. The encystation efficiency of different Acanthamoeba strains was assessed using hemocytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results: The optimized medium, comprising 3.152 g/L Tris-HCl, 5.55 g/L NaCl, 8% (w/v) glucose, and 5.0 mM MgCl2 at pH 9.0, demonstrated exceptional encystation efficiency with rates ranging from 99% to 100%. A spray-dried powdered version of this medium was equally effective, achieving a 98.77% encystation rate for A. castellanii American Type Culture Collection 50739 in glucose-free conditions. Notably, optimal glucose concentrations varied among Acanthamoeba strains, with certain strains reaching maximum encystation at 6–8% glucose. Conclusion: This study successfully developed an innovative encystment medium that promotes rapid and efficient cyst production in Acanthamoeba spp. The medium enhances laboratory research and diagnostic capabilities, paving the way for future advancements in understanding and managing Acanthamoeba infections. Keywords: Acanthamoeba, diagnostic tools, encystation, medium optimization, response surface methodology.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[New mutation in the CYP17 gene: description of a case].

Deficiency of 17α-hydroxylase is a rare variant of congenital adrenal cortical dysfunction. The defect was first described by E. Biglieri et al. in 1966 in patients with sexual infantilism, pronounced excess mineralocorticoids with salt retention and arterial hypertension. Currently, several variants of the nonclassical course of the disease are described (with an increased level of aldosterone and without the development of hypertension and hypokalemia), the pathophysiological mechanism of which could not be explained. Cases of isolated deficiency of 17,20-lyase activity associated with mutations of R347H and R358Q in the CYP17 gene are also described. Here is the observation of a patient with a new mutation in the CYP17 gene with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Secretin potentiates, caffeine does not affect caerulein--stimulated pancreatic enzyme depletion and growth in newborn rats.

We studied the effect of two peptides, the intracellular Ca2(+)-mobilizing caerulein and the cAMP-mediated secretin, and also the phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine on pancreatic secretion and growth in newborn rats. To investigate the secretory response of these substances, and to construct dose-response curves 10-day-old conscious rats were given subcutaneously a single injection of caerulein, secretin, caffeine or the combination of these compounds (caerulein + secretin, caerulein + caffeine). Fifteen min after the injection pancreatic specific trypsin activities were measured in order to estimate depletion of enzymes from the pancreas. To study the pancreatic growth--promoting effect of these substances, newborn rats were treated three times daily for 10 days from the day of birth, using the same experimental groups as described above. Caerulein stimulated both enzyme depletion and pancreatic growth. Secretin stimulated enzyme depletion and increased the trophic effects of caerulein on the pancreas. Caffeine alone or in combination with caerulein did not affect pancreatic enzyme depletion and growth.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural and Biochemical Basis for Development of Diketo Acid Inhibitors Targeting the Cap-Snatching Endonuclease of the Ebinur Lake Virus (Order: <i>Bunyavirales</i> )

The Bunyavirales contain many important human pathogens such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Lassa virus that pose serious threats to public health; however, currently there are no specific antiviral drugs against these viruses. The diketo acid inhibitor L-742,001 is a potential drug as it inactivates the cap-snatching endonuclease (EN) encoded by bunyaviruses.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characterization of the Pro-Inflammatory, Regulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines of Distress Placenta in Different Gestation Times

Pregnancy represents a delicate immunological balance, with cytokines playing pivotal roles in regulating maternal-fetal interactions. Distress acuta is associated with persistent inflammation that may impact placental function and pregnancy outcomes. Thus, this study aims to analyze the expression and distribution of key cytokines – IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-10 – in distressed placental tissues across three gestational periods: 28th, 31st, and 40th weeks. Placental samples from 15 participants were examined using immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative evaluation, and non-parametric statistical methods. The findings revealed persistent high activity of IL-1α across all gestational periods, signifying its role in sustaining inflammation. IL-2 activity declined with advancing gestation, indicating adaptive immune modulation, while IL-7 and IL-8 showed sustained activity irrespective of placental aging, underscoring their roles in inflammation and immune response. Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were minimally expressed, suggesting limited anti-inflammatory regulation in distress conditions. Conversely, IL-6 demonstrated consistent expression, highlighting its regulatory function in maintaining placental integrity. Correlation analysis revealed intricate interactions among cytokines, reflecting a complex regulatory network essential for placental homeostasis during distress acuta.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia with Deoxycoformycin (YK-176)

Eleven patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCU were treated with YK-176 (2′-deoxycoformycin) at a dose of 5 mg/m2 by intravenous injection every week or every other week. Patients received a median of eight (range 4–19) injections of YK-176. Five patients had previously been untreated, four of whom had massive splenomegaly. Six patients had previously been treated, four with interferon-α (IFN-α) or IFN-α and chemotherapy and two with prednisolone. Two patients had had splenectomies. Five patients achieved complete remission (CR) and six, partial remission (PR) according to WHO criteria (remission rate 100%, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 74–100%). All six neutropenic patients recovered &gt;1,500/μl neutrophils, six of seven anemic patients recovered &gt;12.0 g/dl hemoglobin and five of nine thrombocytopenic patients recovered &gt;100,000/μl platelets following the treatment. According to the response criteria for HLC, five patients achieved CR, two PR and four minor response. The overall remission (CR + PR) rate was 64% (95% Cl 35–85%). The CR and PR have lasted from &gt;30 to &gt;718 days (median, &gt;281 days) so far with no relapses. Of four patients previously treated with IFN-α, two achieved CR and one, PR. All patients were alive with a median survival time of &gt;290 days from treatment (range &gt;50–&gt;763 days). The treatment was generally well tolerated. Mild to moderate nausea, vomiting, appetite loss and general fatigue were experienced in two patients, skin rash in one and a transient fever in three. YK-176 was a highly active agent in the treatment of HCL.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences