jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategies in Anti-Platelet Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease

Treatment with oral anti-platelet agents constitutes a cornerstone in the therapy of coronary artery disease. Coronary angioplasty and stent implantation improved the therapy of coronary artery disease and especially the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Implementation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition further advanced anti-platelet therapy as a central component in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Sustained prevention of reocclusion was achieved when dual anti-platelet therapy had been introduced and reduced the risk of stent thrombosis to ~1% following elective stenting in stable coronary artery disease. However, targeting more complex lesions or performing the intervention in states of increased platelet reactivity such as in acute coronary syn- dromes or in diabetic patients is still associated with a higher risk of stent thrombosis. Additionally, incomplete ADP- receptor inhibition by thienopyridine treatment contributes to increased cardiovascular events and mortality after coronary intervention. This review describes the underlying pathophysiology leading to coronary atherothrombosis and contributing to stent thrombosis as well as the pharmacological approach to prevent it by dual anti-platelet therapy. It summarizes the assess- ment of anti-platelet therapy by different analytical methods such as platelet aggregation, platelet function analyzers, and the platelet reactivity index. Impaired clopidogrel responsiveness and its implication for adverse cardiovascular events and stent thrombosis are discussed. Current strategies in improving the efficacy of clopidogrel treatment as well as the next generation of anti-platelet substances such as novel thienopyridines and non-thienopyridine P2Y12-receptor blocking agents are addressed. Finally, we discuss the potential of von-Willebrand factor aptamers compared to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes.

Topic: Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dielectric response of a semi-infinite layered electron gas and Raman scattering from its bulk and surface plasmons

An exact solution of the random-phase-approximation equations is worked out for the density-density correlation function of a semi-infinite system of two-dimensional electron-gas layers, with different dielectrics outside and inside the layered system. From this solution, analytic formulas are derived for the dispersion relations of the bulk and surface plasmons and for the intensity of the light scattered inelastically from such a system. The intensity is written as a sum of the bulk and the surface terms. The theory is applied to semiconductor multilayers. The line shape of the bulk-plasmon peak, obtained after cancellation of van Hove singularities in the bulk piece by the surface piece, is compared with experiment. Conditions for observation of the Giuliani-Quinn surface plasmon are outlined.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Prognosis in surgical treatment of cancer of extra-hepatic biliary ducts].

This work reports a retrospective multicenter study of the treatment and prognosis of 746 patients with gall bladder cancers and 684 patients with extrahepatic biliary duct cancers. Gallbladder cancers: Adenocarcinoma was encountered in 92.6% of cases, 107 were limited to the gallbladder. Removal was possible in 27% of the patients. Overall operative mortality was 21%. Overall survival at one year was 14%. The projected five-year survival for cancers limited to the gall bladder treated by simple cholecystectomy was 93% for noninvasive, "in situ" cancers. The survival was 18% with mucosal involvement, and 10% with extension to the gall bladder wall. Extrahepatic biliary duct cancers: Adenocarcinoma was encountered in 99.7% of assess; 40 were limited exclusively to the biliary ducts. 384 involved the upper 1/3 segment of the biliary duct, 86 the middle 1/3, and 121 for the lower 1/3. Cancers involving two or more of these segments were encountered in 93 cases. Removal of the cancer from these four locations was possible in respectively 30%, 50%, 50% and 7% of cases. Overall operative mortality was 27.7% and after removal: 13.5% for the upper biliary duct segment, 18.1% for the middle 1/3, and 20% for the lower 1/3. The mortality was 25% for cancer that involved two or more of these segments. Analysis related to age demonstrated a postoperative mortality of 16% in patients less than 70 years of age and 59.1% after 70 years. The five-year survival after surgery was projected to be 12% for cancers of the upper 1/3 segment, 15% in middle and 30% in the lower 1/3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An integer-coded differential evolution algorithm for simple assembly line balancing problem of type 2

Purpose This paper aims to develop a new differential evolution algorithm (DEA) for solving the simple assembly line balancing problem of type 2 (SALBP-2). Design/methodology/approach Novel approaches of mutation operator and crossover operator are presented. A self-adaptive double mutation scheme is implemented and an elitist strategy is used in the selection operator. Findings Test and comparison results show that the proposed IDEA obtains better results for SALBP-2. Originality/value The presented DEA is called the integer-coded differential evolution algorithm (IDEA), which can directly deal with integer variables of SALBP-2 on a discrete space without any posterior conversion. The proposed IDEA will be an alternative in evolutionary algorithms, especially for various integer/discrete-valued optimization problems.

Topic: Assembly Line Balancing Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Arachis hypogaea L. ICGV 241106

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Arachis hypogaea L.<br>Common name(s): Groundnut<br>Conserved by: ICRISAT Plant Breeding Program, India<br>Local sample unique identifier: ICGV 241106<br>Method of creation: Novel distinct PGRFA<br>Date: 2025-02-03<br>Biological status: Breeder's line<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Teaching Youth Media: A Critical Guide to Literacy, Video

It is a distinctly postmodern impulse to trouble accep-ted notions about what it means to be a reader and writer. And in so doing, the authors and contributors of the two volumes under review demonstrate just how complex the business of literacy teaching and learning really is. As the theories and contexts for our work have expanded well beyond understandings of reading and writing processes, we have found it intellectually excit-ing and socially and politically honest to foreground what has heretofore been left in the shadows, namely that any act of literacy is rife with issues of history, cul-ture, class, politics, and identity. If reading is fundamen-tally a process of reading the world then a multitude of semiotic, audio, visual, and electronic data streams need to be accounted for in our studies of literacy. A preservice teacher presented in the Alvermann volume puts it this way: “If you are deriving a message from it, you are reading it ” (p. 73). In Alvermann, we are asked to rethink the authority of the printed word as an insidious tool of marginaliza-tion (King &amp;amp; O’Brien). At the same time, we are urged to expand our view of literacy to include such practices as Knobel and Lankshear’s scenariating (asking “what

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Successful Treatment of a Metastatic Hormone-Producing Adrenal Cancer by a Combination of Mitotane, Tegafur and Surgical Resection.

A 34-year-old man had a huge hormone-producing adrenal cancer with multiple lung metastases, direct liver invasion and a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. Initial treatment was mitotane alone. The dose of mitotane was 2 g/day initially and gradually increased to 15 g/day in combination with 600 mg of tegafur per day. During the initial phase of chemotherapy, the serum mitotane level was relatively low (2.9-4.6 micrograms/ml) and the pulmonary metastases tended to grow in size in spite of a gradual decline in urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS and a regression of the primary tumor. A seemingly marked increase in serum mitotane (20.5-34.5 micrograms/ml) was coincident with the addition of tegafur. Rapid and consistent regression of the primary tumor occurred. This excellent response to the chemotherapy made the primary tumor with liver invasion and the metastases resectable. The adverse effect of mitotane, central nervous toxicity, appeared to be serum mitotane level dependent. The present results, together with previous reports in the literature, seem to recommend the following therapeutic approaches to advanced adrenal cancer: monitoring of the serum level may be useful in predicting the efficacy as well as the occurrence of side effects of mitotane, surgical treatment of the lesions should be performed whenever possible, even though it may be only palliative, and the combination of mitotane and tegafur is a choice of chemotherapy which should be evaluated in future studies.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MOESM1 of Inheritance of pre-emergent metribuzin tolerance and putative gene discovery through high-throughput SNP array in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Additional file 1: Table S1. The SNPâ s and their alleles in tolerant and susceptible bulk.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK ENDORPHINEMASSAGE TERHADAP NYERI PESALINAN PADA IBU BERSALIN KALA I FASE AKTIF DI PMB SRI MULYATI KOTA TANGERANG

Background :Pain during labor is a manifestation of contractions (shortening) of the uterine muscles. Endhorpine massage is a light touch for relaxation and pain reduction, therefore endhorpine massage can be done for women in labor who experience pain. Reseach Purposes : This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Endorphine Massage on labor pain in women in the first active stage of labor at PMB Sri Mulyati Tangerang City. Research Method : The research method used was quasi-experimental with a two- group pre and post test design. Samples were taken using the sampling technique is total sampling, namely as many as 13 respondents. The instruments in this study used the Endorphine Massage Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) sheet and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) which consists of a scale of 0-10 to describe the intensity of pain experienced by respondents. Research Results : The results showed that there was a significant difference in the pain score of the respondents before and after being given Endorphine Massage with the t test obtained p-value = 0.000. Conclusion : Endorphine massage techniques are effective in reducing pain in labor during the first active phase at PMB Sri Mulyati Tangerang City

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure S2 from Phase I Study of SYNB1891, an Engineered &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; Nissle Strain Expressing STING Agonist, with and without Atezolizumab in Advanced Malignancies

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. Design of the SYNB1891 Phase 1 study.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Health Education Video on Knowledge about among Women in Childbearing Age

Background: Toddlers aged 24-59 months are experiencing a very rapid growth process; however, they are also prone to have nutritional problems, including stunting. Stunting occurs mainly within the first 2 to 5 years of life. The main cause is a lack of knowledge on toddler’s nutritional intake among women of childbearing age. This study aimed to explore the effect of health education using video media on the knowledge about stunting among women of childbearing age.Methods: This was a quantitative, experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design conducted in July-November 2019 on women of childbearing age in the working area of Public Health Center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Respondents were recruited using the Multistage Random Sampling according to the inclusion criteria. A pre-test was administered before the health education session on stunting and a post-test was administered afterwards. Data collected were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test.Results: In total, 211 women were included. Education video on stunting was proved to significantly increase the respondent's knowledge on stunting (p=0.000, r value=0.690).Conclusion: Health education video clearly increases knowledge on stunting among women of childbearing age. Thus, video medium can be used as a preferred method for disseminating knowledge on various health topics.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Insight into the K channel's selectivity from binding of K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and water to <i>N</i>-methylacetamide

Binding site occupancy and the mechanism of K selectivity involve multiple K binding in multiple neighboring layers, or sites, of the K channel selectivity filter.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analytical buckling load formulas for cylindrical shell structures with variable thickness under non-uniform external pressure

The novel contribution of this paper is to develop a quadratic perturbation method to derive general analytical buckling load formulas for cylindrical shell structures with varying wall thickness under non-uniform lateral pressure loads for the first time. Arbitrary thickness and lateral pressure loads are skillfully described and governing differential equations are derived. A quadratic perturbation method is developed to derive buckling load formulas, which establishes the relation among buckling loads, thickness, and load functions. The presented formulas are adequately validated by comparing with recent results for variable wall thickness or non-uniform external pressure, and exhibit a great advantage in determining buckling loads. For the purpose of engineering application, buckling of a cylinder with linear thickness under linear liquid pressure and wind load is deeply studied by the presented formulas. This study can provide a highly efficient method for buckling load computation, and a guide to design the thickness of the shell under non-uniform lateral loads.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Iridescent Cellulose Nanocrystal Films: the Link Between Structural Colour and Bragg's Law

Structural colour is a phenomenon found in nature, which provides plants and animals with vibrant optical properties. The production of this colour is based on the interaction of incident light with the hierarchical organisation of submicron- and micron-sized layered structures. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are anisotropic building units formed by acid hydrolysis of native cellulose microfibers, which can disperse in aqueous media to form a photonic liquid crystal. One fascinating example of the appearance of biomimetic colour is the supramolecular assembly of CNCs into iridescent layered structures that rotate along a helical screw to yield a long-range chiral nematic order. A quick, simple and engaging experiment that allows the establishment of a direct relation between the structural colour and underlying mechanism of the light interaction with these hierarchically structured materials is reported. The obtained colour changes are explained within the theoretical framework provided by Bragg's law and may provide an easy way to observe the macroscopic manifestation of this often abstract concept.

Topic: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Contradictions in the Last Mile

Despite its use to exemplify how the world is “flat,” India is in many ways “spiky.” Hyderabad is a prosperous hub of information–communication technology (ICT) while its impoverished agricultural hinterland is best known for dysfunctional agriculture and farmer suicide. Based on the belief that a lack of knowledge and skill lay at the root of agrarian distress, the “e-Sagu” project aimed to leverage the city’s scientific expertise and ICT capability to aid cotton farmers. The project fit with a national surge of “last mile” projects bringing ICT to the village, but it was unique in using ICT to connect farmers directly with agricultural scientists acting as advisors. Such projects fit the interests of many actors, which has led to an unrealistic national enthusiasm about their impacts. This article uses the first five years of the project as a lens to view the cultural nature of both indigenous agricultural knowledge and “scientific” agricultural advising. Unlike lay publics whose uptake of science is better known, with farmers the invention and adoption of agro-scientific knowledge is deeply embedded in daily productive activities and sociocultural interactions. E-Sagu eventually had to abandon its construction of agricultural science as objective and acultural, resorting to rural methods of persuasion. It also found that it could only survive by joining forces with companies promoting commodification of agricultural inputs, which was a cause of the agrarian distress it sought to alleviate.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reprogramming cells and their use in regenerative therapy (19.2)

The growth of the coronary collateral circulation has a beneficial effect on the consequences of ischemic heart disease. Despite this importance, strategies to develop coronary collaterals have not been successful. For example, administration of growth factors has not been successful in stimulating the growth of coronary collaterals in patients. Because of these shortcomings, we adopted new strategies to stimulate coronary collateral vessels using genetically reprogrammed cells. We reprogrammed endothelial cells into a progenitor‐like cell that remains committed to a vascular differentiation program and can become either smooth muscle or endothelium (termed induced vascular progenitor cells [iVPCs]). Administration of iVPCs stimulated the growth of collateral vessels in the heart. Other types of stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac stem cells) or native endothelial cells did not have the same stimulatory effect on coronary collateral growth. Although the mechanisms by which iVPCs stimulate collateral growth have not been unequivocally defined, these cells incorporate and engraft in growing blood vessels in the heart. Although the benefit of using reprogrammed cells to stimulate vascular growth in the heart in models of vascular disease is not yet defined, the use of certain types of reprogrammed cells may offer a substantial advance in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atrovirinone inhibits pro‐inflammatory mediator release from murine macrophages and human whole blood

Many plant‐derived natural compounds have been reported previously to inhibit the production of important pro‐inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , TNF‐α and reactive oxygen species by suppressing inducible enzyme expression via inhibition of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear translocation of critical transcription factors. This study evaluates the effects of atrovirinone [2‐(1‐methoxycarbonyl‐4,6‐dihydroxyphenoxy)‐3‐methoxy‐5,6‐di‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)‐1,4‐benzoquinone)], a benzoquinone that we have previously isolated from Garcinia atroviridis , on two cellular systems that are repeatedly used in the analysis of anti‐inflammatory bioactive compounds, namely, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and whole blood. Atrovirinone inhibited the production of both nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 from LPS‐induced and IFN‐γ‐induced RAW 264.7 cells and whole blood, with inhibitory concentration (IC) 50 values of 4.62 ± 0.65 and 9.33 ± 1.47 μmol/L, respectively. Analysis of thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) secretion from whole blood stimulated by either the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 or the COX‐2 pathway showed that atrovirinone inhibits the generation of TXB 2 by both pathways, with IC 50 values of 7.41 ± 0.92 and 2.10 ± 0.48 μmol/L, respectively. Analysis of IC 50 ratios showed that atrovirinone was more COX‐2 selective in its inhibition of TXB 2 , with a ratio of 0.32. Atrovirinone also inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the secretion of TNF‐α from RAW 264.7 cells in a dose‐responsive manner, with IC 50 values of 5.99 ± 0.62 and 11.56 ± 0.04 μmol/L, respectively. Lipoxygenase activity was also moderately inhibited by atrovirinone. Our results suggest that atrovirinone acts on important pro‐inflammatory mediators possibly by the inhibition of the nuclear factor‐κB pathway and also by the inhibition of the COX/lipoxygenase enzyme activity.

Topic: Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Necessity of Aligning the Human Resources Strategies of Health System with the Mega-Trends of the Older People Health Domain

Background and Objectives: Mega-trends are fundamental changes in the societies, technologies and political conditions, and create long-term changes in the community. The aim of this study was to formulate Human Resource strategies for the health system based on the mega-trends. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical study. The research community was the high-level documents and experts. Sampling for documents was conducted by census method and non-probabilistic sampling was applied for experts. The method of collecting data was mixed method in a single study. The high-level documentation of the health system was investigated by using Delphi technique. The strategic positioning of human resource in the health system was determined by the method of Snow &amp; Miles. Then, the mega-trends of health domain in the new millennium were identified through library and internet resources, and analyzed using Trend Analysis, macro to micro scanning, expert opinion, and aging human resource strategies were written. Results: Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the high-level documents of the health system by the experts and the use of the Snow &amp; Miles method, the strategic position of the health system was "prospectors." Based on the principle of alignment and innovation in strategic human resource management, thirteen aggressive, defensive, conservative, and competitive strategies of HR for aging services were written for the maximum use of cross-sectional capacity of the health system and the provision of desirable old-age services in regard to the experts’ opinion. Conclusion: The aging HR strategies should be consistent with the needs of the elderly, high-level documents, strategic health status, and the mega-trends.

Topic: Global Health Care Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences