jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. Detection of an iron K Emission Line from the LINER NGC 4579

We present the results of an ASCA observation of the LINER NGC 4579. A point-like X-ray source is detected at the nucleus with a 2–10 keV luminosity of 1.5 × 1041 ergs s−1assuming a distance of 16.8 Mpc. The X-ray spectrum is represented by a combination of a power-law with a photon index of ∼1.7 and soft thermal component with kT ∼0.9 keV. An iron K emission line is detected at 6.73 ± 0.13 keV eV and is statistically significant at more than 99.9 % confidence. The line center energy is consistent with Helium-like iron and is significantly higher than 6.4 keV which is expected from fluorescence by ”cold ” (or a lower ionization state of) iron. The iron line profile shows no significant red tail in contrast to Seyfert 1 galaxies although the statistics are limited. The line center energy, equivalent width, and profile are consistent with an origin in an ionized accretion disk. However the large mass accretion rate necessary to ionize the accretion disk is not consistent with the observed luminosity and normal accretion models. (rest frame) with an equivalent width of 490 +180 −190

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Graded Levels of Sulfur Amino Acids on the Energy Metabolism in Chicks Equally-Fed Diets

要求量に対する飼料中含硫アミノ酸(SAA)の水準が35%および0%に低下すると,飼料摂取量が著しく減少し,これに伴って増体量やエネルギーの利用性にも変化が生ずる.そこでSAAを要求量に対し100%,70%,35%および0%含む飼料を8日間にわたりヒナに定量給与し,ヒナのエネルギー代謝に直接及ぼすSAA欠乏の影響について検討した.SAA水準が35%区および0%区では,100%区と飼料摂取量が同一であるにもかかわらず,増体量,飼料効率,蓄積タンパク質および基礎代謝量が有意に減少し,蓄積脂肪,熱発生量および熱増加は有意に増加した.したがって,SAAの欠乏区で飼料効率が低下した原因は,蓄積タンパク質の減少や熱発生量の増加によるものと考えられる.さらに,飼料中のエネルギー含量とヒナに利用可能なアミノ酸とのバランスが,熱増加の変動に重要な役割をはたすことが示唆された.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Assembly of Short Oligoribonucleotides from Commercially Available Building Blocks on a Tetrapodal Soluble Support

A workable method for the preparation of short oligoribonucleotides from commercially available 5´-O-(4,4´- dimethoxytrityl)-2´-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)ribonucleoside 3´-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) building blocks on a soluble tetrakis-O-[4-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methylphenyl]pentaerythritol support has been developed. The 3´-terminal nucleoside was attached as a 3´-O-(4-pentynoyl) derivative to the support by Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction. The coupling cycle consisted of 4,5-dicyanoimidazole promoted coupling in MeCN with 1.5 equiv. of the monomeric building block, conventional iodine oxidation and precipitation from water followed by flash chromatographic purification. Treatment with triethylamine, followed by ammonolysis and desilylation with Et3N(HF)3 afforded the oligoribonucleotide. As a proof of concept, a pentamer 3´-UUGCA-5´ was prepared in 46% overall yield. Keywords: Nucleosides, nucleotides, oligoribonucleotides, phosphoramidites, synthesis, soluble support.

Topic: Click Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The 9 Common Stereotypes When It Comes To Top Fake ID

Lots of people are now utilizing fake IDs to stay clear of spending for products, enrollments, as well as transport. Various kinds and cities have lots of groups for ID, yet a fake ID is a good deal because of all the various ways it might be utilized. Age constraints or various other characteristics prevent many people from engaging in numerous activities. Therefore they can not obtain a certain kind of identification card. When the need for fake IDs arises, they might be quickly produced with seals and also number tags that are hard to differentiate from actual IDs.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Context-Sensitive Medical Information Retrieval

Substantial medical data such as pathology reports, operative reports, discharge summaries, and radiology reports are stored in textual form. Databases containing free-text medical narratives often need to be searched to find relevant information for clinical and research purposes. Terms that appear in these documents tend to appear in different contexts. The context of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently described findings are those denied by the patient or subsequently &amp;ldquo;ruled out.&amp;rdquo; Hence, when searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation is not taken into account, many of the retrieved documents will be irrelevant.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
XV.—<i>An Account of the Scheme for erecting a Royal Academy in England, in the Reign of King James the First. By the Rev.</i> Joseph Hunter, <i>F.S.A.</i>

When the present Society of Antiquaries of London determined on printing from time to time communications which were made to them, in a series of volumes to be entitled Archæologia, they determined also that there should be prefixed to that work an Introduction, in which should be given a history of their own foundation, and of the attempts which had been previously made to collect the lovers of history and antiquities in associations for the prosecution of their inquiries, and for mutual assistance in their studies. It is not necessary to inquire to whom they committed the task of preparing this Introduction. It is done perhaps as well as the state of the knowledge of the literary history of the country at that period allowed. But when looked at from times when the public mind is not so easily satisfied to remain in ignorance of the minute facts in the history of great undertakings, it cannot, I fear, but be regarded as imperfect and unsatisfactory.

Topic: Historical Art and Culture Studies
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transmission and reflection of self-assembled hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals

We studied the optical properties of hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals using spectral photometry. These structures consist of colloidal photonic crystal and gold layer deposited onto its surface. The samples of plasmonic-photonic crystals prepared with relatively simple method allow to observe different effects. Several peaks in the transmission spectra corresponding to the extraordinary transmission were investigated. The extraordinary transmission which depends on the angle of light incidence and polarization suggests the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. An extraordinary reflection was also observed.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Agenesis of all premolars – the first reported case

Abstract The agenesis of teeth is the most common developmental anomaly in humans. Although third molars, mandibular second premolars, maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary second premolars are frequently found to be missing, the absence of all premolars has never been reported in the literature. This case report highlights the first-ever case of the complete agenesis of premolars in a 10-year-old male patient. It also discusses related definitions; commonly missing teeth and their prevalence; associated dental and skeletal features; genetic, drug-related and pathogenic etiological factors; and considerations for the future management of such cases.

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sero-Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Viral Hepatitis in Urban Yemen

Viral hepatitis is an acute or chronic neglected disease that affects predominantly the liver.This study aimed to determine the sero prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis and HCV genotypes in urban areas of Yemen.In a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical and community-based study and following informed consent, 501 volunteers were randomly recruited.Demographic and clinical data was collected.Screening for HBV, HDV and HCV was carried out using ELISA.HBV/HCV viral loads and HCV genotyping were carried out using COBAS ® TaqMan ® 48 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics Gmbh, Germany).The mean age of study population was 25.9±10.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1. HBV sero prevalence was similar in Sana'a, Taiz and Aden (p = 0.2).Evidence of past HBV infection was significantly high in Aden and Taiz (14.1 and 18.8%, respectively) compared to Sana'a (5.4%) (p = 0.002).HBV DNA Viral loads were widely variable (1350 and 6320 copies mLG 1 ).HCV sero prevalence was low and not significantly different in the study cities (p = 0.4).HCV Viral loads were widely variable between samples (657300-1630000 copies mLG 1 ).HCV Genotypes 4 and 1a were the most predominant genotypes.Blood transfusion (19%), renal dialysis (18.6%), history of cupping (18.1%), surgical operation (17.4%) and dental treatment (15.4%) were the most common risk factors for HBV and HCV sero reactivity.In conclusion, HBV sero prevalence is variable among different geographical areas in Yemen.Past exposure to HBV is high.Blood transfusion and contaminated surgical instruments are important infection risks for viral hepatitis.HCV genotypes 4 and 1a are the most prevalent.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Graphene Anchored with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

We report a facile strategy to synthesize the nanocomposite of Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles anchored on conducting graphene as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles obtained are 10-30 nm in size and homogeneously anchor on graphene sheets as spacers to keep the neighboring sheets separated. This Co(3)O(4)/graphene nanocomposite displays superior Li-battery performance with large reversible capacity, excellent cyclic performance, and good rate capability, highlighting the importance of the anchoring of nanoparticles on graphene sheets for maximum utilization of electrochemically active Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles and graphene for energy storage applications in high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Weekend battle

Entertainment has the power to improve workers' motivation. This improvement affects their productivity. Based on this idea, we have proposed the entertainment system for workers in the working environment. Weekend Battle is a new entertainment system which extends the fun of competition and collection, and which solves the problems which we pointed out in the previous entertainment system. In Weekend Battle, workers rear their avatars at weekdays, and their avatars fight against each other at weekend. The growth at weekdays is related with whether their avatars win or not at weekend, so we expect that they will work harder than without Weekend Battle.We implemented and evaluated Weekend Battle by an experiment for five weeks. The result indicated that Weekend Battle could improve the participants' motivation, and especially the competition could improve their productivity. Moreover, the entertainment system could produce the topic for their informal communication, so it was expected that it make their relationships better.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
L.J. Farmer's catalog [of] strawberries and other fruit plants : 1926 /

On page 45 is a list of bargains in Campbell's Early (P).A fine growing plant and very productive.Berries very pretty, bright glossy crimson and produced in great abundance.Medium to large in size.Very popular for market.Prices: 25, 75c; 100.$2.00; 1000, $15.Horsey (P).A new variety, especially adapted for the South, introduced by Mr. Hall of Maryland where it is a great favorite as a market and canning sort.

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design and verification of multi-rate distributed systems

Multi-rate systems arise naturally in distributed settings where computing units execute periodically according to their local clocks and communicate among themselves via message passing. We present a systematic way of designing and verifying such systems with the assumption of bounded drift for local clocks and bounded communication latency. First, we capture the system model through an architecture definition language (called RADL) that has a precise model of computation and communication. The RADL paradigm is simple, compositional, and resilient against denial-of-service attacks. Our radler build tool takes the architecture definition and individual local functions as inputs and generate executables for the overall system as output. In addition, we present a modular encoding of multi-rate systems using calendar automata and describe how to verify real-time properties of these systems using SMT-based infinite-state bounded model checking. Lastly, we discuss our experiences in applying this methodology to building high-assurance cyber-physical systems.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1002655: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An initial Shiʿa debate on the Palestinian question

The following article will shed light on the initial phase of the Shiʿi encounter with the Palestinian question during the British mandate over Iraq. It will focus on the thought of a prominent Shiʿi cleric of the time, Muhammad Husayn Al Kashif al-Ghitaʾ, who published numerous fatwas in support of the Arabs of Palestine. In the context of Iraq's strong identification with Palestine, his strong rhetoric was not exceptionally unique. The novelty in Kashif al-Ghitaʾ's discourse was in mitigating its Shiʿi angle, viewing himself not only as a Shiʿi mujtahid but as an Arab and pan-Islamic leader, disregarding the historical apolitical position of Shiʿa Islam. Kashif al-Ghitaʾ embraced several circles of identifications: the Shiʿi community, the Arab world, and the Islamic nation, even incorporating the broader notion of humanity, reflecting his reformist agenda of activism, renewal, and pan-Islam. He also took an important stand within the Shiʿi community, given the diverse Shiʿi positions on Arabism. Any attempt at mobilizing the Arab and Muslim masses was welcomed by Hajj Amin al-Husayni as Kashif al-Ghitaʾ planted the first seeds in Shiʿi support for the Palestinian question—framed in a non-Shiʿa discourse—during this initial stage of building the Palestinian national movement.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Correction to Total Phospholipids in Edible Oils by In-Vial Solvent Extraction Coupled with FTIR Analysis

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Total Phospholipids in Edible Oils by In-Vial Solvent Extraction Coupled with FTIR Analysis Xianghe Meng, Qin Ye, Qiuyue Pan, Yang Ding, Min Wei, Yun Liu*, and F. R. van de Voort*Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 20, 4832Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2014Publication History Published online12 May 2014Published inissue 21 May 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502177uCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (105 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Topic: Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptoms in Europe does not support stereotypes of ageing

Background Stereotypes of older people suggest that they are depressed. Aims To examine depression symptoms among people aged ⩾65 in the general population and to ask the following questions. Are there high proportions of depressive symptoms among otherwise well people? Do these levels reflect the prevalence of depression? Do key symptoms vary with age and do they confirm stereotypes? Method Nine centres contributed data from community-based random samples, using standardised methods (GMS–AGECAT package) Results Proportions of depressive symptoms varied between centres. Some often associated with ageing were rare. Many were more common in women. Low-prevalence centres tended to have fewer symptoms among ‘well’ people, but there were inconsistencies. Low levels of symptoms among the well population of a centre did not necessarily predict lower levels in the depressed. Conclusions Variations in the prevalence of depressive symptoms occurred between centres, not always related to levels of illness. There was no consistent relationship between proportions of symptoms in well persons and cases for all centres. Few symptoms were present in &gt; 60% of the older population – stereotypes of old age were not upheld.

Topic: Aging and Gerontology Research
Subfield: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Revisiting the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well by deep learning with a hybrid network

Deep learning, accounting for the use of an elaborate neural network, has\nrecently been developed as an efficient and powerful tool to solve diverse\nproblems in physics and other sciences. In the present work, we propose a novel\nlearning method based on a hybrid network integrating two different kinds of\nneural networks: Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) and Deep Residual\nNetwork(ResNet), in order to overcome the difficulty met in numerically\nsimulating strongly-oscillating dynamical evolutions of physical systems. By\ntaking the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential as\nan example, we show that our new method makes a high efficient pre-learning and\na high-fidelity prediction about the whole dynamics. This benefits from the\nadvantage of the combination of the LSTM and the ResNet and is impossibly\nachieved by a single network in the case of direct learning. Our method can be\napplied for simulating complex cooperative dynamics in a system with fast\nmultiple-frequency oscillations with the aid of auxiliary spectrum analysis.\n

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Regional-Scale River Depth Simulations Using Various Routing Schemes within a Hydrometeorological Modeling Framework for the Preparation of the SWOT Mission

Abstract The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will provide free water surface elevations, slopes, and river widths for rivers wider than 50 m. Models must be prepared to use this new finescale information by explicitly simulating the link between runoff and the river channel hydraulics. This study assesses one regional hydrometeorological model’s ability to simulate river depths. The Garonne catchment in southwestern France (56 000 km 2 ) has been chosen for the availability of operational gauges in the river network and finescale hydraulic models over two reaches of the river. Several routing schemes, ranging from the simple Muskingum method to time-variable parameter kinematic and diffusive waves schemes, are tested. The results show that the variable flow velocity schemes are advantageous for discharge computations when compared to the original Muskingum routing method. Additionally, comparisons between river depth computations and in situ observations in the downstream Garonne River led to root-mean-square errors of 50–60 cm in the improved Muskingum method and 40–50 cm in the kinematic–diffusive wave method. The results also highlight SWOT’s potential to improve the characterization of hydrological processes for subbasins larger than 10 000 km 2 , the importance of an accurate digital elevation model, and the need for spatially varying hydraulic parameters.

Topic: Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cyclohexadienone annulations of aryl carbene complexes of chromium: new strategies for the synthesis of indole alkaloids

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclohexadienone annulations of aryl carbene complexes of chromium: new strategies for the synthesis of indole alkaloidsWilliam E. Bauta, William D. Wulff, Stephen F. Pavkovic, and Eugene J. ZaluzecCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 14, 3249–3252Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00275a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (439 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences