jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction delay risk taxonomy, associations and regional contexts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a delay risk terminology and taxonomy. This research also explores two external and internal dimensions of the taxonomy to determine how much the taxonomy as a whole or combinations of its elements are generalisable. Design/methodology/approach Using mixed methods research, this systematic literature review incorporated data from 46 articles to establish delay risk terminology and taxonomy. Qualitative data of the top 10 delay risks identified in each article were coded based on the grounded theory and constant comparative analysis using a three-stage coding approach. Word frequency analysis and cross-tabulation were used to develop the terminology and taxonomy. Association rules within the taxonomy were also explored to define risk paths and to unmask associations among the risks. Findings In total, 26 delay risks were identified and grouped into ten categories to form the risk breakdown structure. The universal delay risks and other delay risks that are more or less depending on the project location were determined. Also, it is realized that delays connected to equipment, sub-contractors and design drawings are highly connected to project planning, finance and owner slow decision making, respectively. Originality/value The established terminology and taxonomy may be used in manual or automated risk management systems as a baseline for delay risk identification, management and communication. In addition, the association rules assist the risk management process by enabling mitigation of a combination of risks together.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The EU and former Soviet Central Asia: An Analysis of the Partnership and Co-operation Agreements

Journal Article The EU and former Soviet Central Asia: An Analysis of the Partnership and Co-operation Agreements Get access Berdi Berdiyev Berdi Berdiyev Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yearbook of European Law, Volume 22, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 463–481, https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/22.1.463 Published: 01 November 2003

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple Streams Framework, Advocacy Coalition Framework, and the Passage of the National Trails Systems Act of 1968

Early American conservation efforts consisted primarily of the federal government seizing large swaths of land in the largely unpopulated western frontiers, away from more concentrated populations, and placing them under federal protection. While many of these became National Parks, to visit them was still mostly available only to the upper class, and they often seemed more like investments in to-be-cultivated land than sincere efforts at environmental conservation. In the eastern U.S., where the population was dense and industrialization was the new norm, federally protected lands were harder to come by. This pattern of federal conservation continued well into the 20th century. Though, with the social and industrial reforms of the 1920s and 30s, more Americans had leisure time than ever, and the idea of visiting National Parks and the like for recreation, mainly by car on scenic parkways, became increasingly popular. Around the same time, while the federal government began setting aside more land in the dense east for protection and recreation, the idea that hiking for recreation was much more beneficial than merely driving to a scenic overlook began to take hold.\nIt was in this context that Congress passed the National Trails Systems Act of 1968 which most significantly detailed the protection of the entire Appalachian Trail, the hiking trail that runs from Georgia to Maine, close to many of America’s densest population centers. The question still remains, then, of why did the 90th Congress decide to pass the National Trails Systems Act in 1968? And that is what this paper seeks to examine.\nThe NTSA is important not just for protecting the Appalachian Trail indefinitely, but for providing several categories of designation for trails so that more could be protected in the future, as well as instituting a new and growing conservation paradigm: the public-private partnership. For this paper, I focus on the Appalachian Trail, its history, the various players and organizations involved in its journey towards federal protection, because it provides the perfect single case for a study on how the public-private partnership became the new mode of environmental conservation. Using the policy theories Multiple Streams Framework and Advocacy Coalition Framework, I compared how my findings aligned with each one and ultimately developed an explanation as to why Congress chose to pass the National Trails Systems Act of 1968.

Topic: American Environmental and Regional History
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mapping of Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica) Plus Trees in Repong Damar Penengahan Village, Karya Penggawa Sub District, West Pesisir Regency, Lampung Province

The distribution of seed and plus tree sources of damar mata kucing (Shorea javanica) in Repong Damar village is important to provide good quality of seeds. Currently, the existence of seed source of damar mata kucing is still unknown. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to mapping the seeds source or damar mata kucing plus trees. This study aims to analyze the plus tree map distribution using geographic information systems. This research was conducted using a survey method to determine the coordinates based on the growth location characteristics. Data analysis was performed using geographic information systems. The results showed that there were 24 plus trees (17.5%) of the total population studied and distributed in 3 location, namely east, north and west part. The plus tree distribution is mostly in the eastern part of 58.3%, the northern part is 20.8%, and the western part is 20.8%. The growth location conditions in the eastern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 41 - 121 m.asl. In the western part it has a slope of 5 - 7%, with an altitude of 40 - 73 masl and the northern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 35 - 174 masl.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Word Level Multi-Script Identification Using Curvelet Transform in Log-Polar Domain

Nowadays, a number of scripts are used for writing. Script identification finds many applications like sorting and preparing an online database of documents. Identifying these scripts, especially with different orientations and scales, is an important and challenging problem in document image analysis. This paper proposed a new scheme for script identification from word images using skew and scale robust log-polar curvelet features. These word images are first extracted in the form of text-patches from documents using Gaussian filtering. Thereafter, texture features are calculated using curvelet transform in log-polar domain. Log-polar domain is independent of rotation and scale variations, whereas curvelet transform exhibits directional and anisotropic properties. This helps in the extraction of significant features. For experiments, k-nearest neighbor classifier is employed to identify the scripts, as it has zero training time and is simple to implement. Further, statistical significance test is performed by using two more classifiers, namely random forest and support vector machine. Comprehensive experimentations are carried out on ALPH-REGIM, Pati and Ramakrishnan, PHDIndic_11, and proprietary databases containing printed as well as handwritten texts. Here, bi-script, tri-script, and multi-script identification results are reported. Benchmarking analysis illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, where a maximum recall rate of 98.76% has been achieved.

Topic: Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Splicing Changes in the Blood and Muscle in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy (P4.110)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate RNA splicing changes in the peripheral blood and skeletal muscle of patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM). BACKGROUND: Congenital myotonic dystrophy is a severe, infantile-onset form of myotonic dystrophy (DM1). Splicing changes leading to disruptions in gene regulation have been demonstrated in DM1, but it is unknown if patients with CDM experience the same changes in splicing. Furthermore, the splicing changes associated with myotonic dystrophy have not been examined in the peripheral blood of children or adults. DESIGN/METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from two patients with CDM (ages 3 and 8) and two healthy controls (ages 5 and 10) using PAXgene tubes. cDNA libraries were prepared with poly-A selection. Skeletal muscle was collected from the 3 year-old CDM patient and compared with skeletal muscle obtained from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient. RNA was prepared with ribosomal depletion and RNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer in random blocks of 6. Samples were aligned using TopHat. Splicing differences were analyzed with Miso. RESULTS: MBNL1 and DMPK, are known to cause splicing changes in skeletal muscle of DM1 patients. Both are expressed in the peripheral blood of CDM and control patients. Comparing CDM to control blood samples we identified 80 different transcripts with differential inclusion of exons. These transcripts include NDRG1, whose splicing has been shown to be MBNL1 dependent. Other MBNL1 dependent transcripts were also identified. In skeletal muscle, known splicing changes associated with DM1, such as in MBNL1 (exon 5), were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the presence of known myotonic dystrophy associated RNA splicing changes in the skeletal muscle of a CDM patient. Furthermore, there is a suggestion of splicing changes in the peripheral blood that may serve as potential biomarkers. Additional samples obtained longitudinally will be required to confirm these findings.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Teaching sociology to medical students

Summary A recent change in many medical curricula has been the introduction of courses in the behavioural sciences. These courses, while introduced with the intention of emphasizing interpersonal and behavioural skills, have not been shown to lead to any of the changes towards which they are directed. Rather, there is evidence that students find these courses ‘waffly’ and boring. If the sociology component of these courses is to lead to change, then there is the need for a continuing process of evaluation and modification. In this paper we report upon one medical sociology course, its evaluation, subsequent modification and re‐evaluation. Our evidence would suggest that sociology courses can lead to changed attitudes and values, but that such changes are contingent upon the overt application of relevant sociological concepts to the health care field.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic–spectrophotometric determination of diquat based on a charge-transfer complex with cysteine

The reaction involving the formation of a charge-transfer complex between diquat and cysteine was studied. The initial rate of the reaction, measured as a change in absorbance at 495 nm during 60 s, was linearly related to diquat concentrations from 0.5 to 28.0 µg cm–3. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the determination of diquat in commercial herbicides, waters, soils and potatoes.

Topic: Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chlamydial infection: A clinical and public health perspective

Chlamydial infection remains one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in the world. Over 100 million urogenital infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis occur each year according to the World Health Organization. This book covers clinical and public health aspects of sexually transmitted genital infections caused by C. trachomatis in humans. The authors who are internationally recognised experts in this field have provided information under 10 chapters, based on the latest research available.

The book is structured in a logical fashion that begins with a description of the public health burden and epidemiology of chlamydial infections in chapter 1 and moves on to provide an overview of the biology and pathogenicity of the disease in chapter 2 and genomics of chlamydiae in chapter 3. The immunological response, diagnosis and treatment are discussed in chapter 4, 5 and 6. The status of current vaccine development research is covered in chapter 7. The book also includes sections on maternal and infant C. trachomatis infections, well discussed in chapter 8 and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men, gay and lesbian populations and outbreaks of a less common, invasive and systemic type of infection known as lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men in chapters 9 and 10.

All chapters are well written and have the latest information including a summary of results of the authors’ own work. This book will be useful to clinicians, public health experts and researchers since it covers many relevant and important aspects of this common infection and its aetiological agent.

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME OF PLATE INCUBATION ON THE ENUMERATION OF PASTEURIZATION-RESISTANT BACTERIA IN MILK1

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of temperature and time of plate incubation upon the count of thermoduric bacteria in milk. Specific types of thermoduric bacteria in pure culture, as well as those present in the mixed flora of commercial milk samples, were enumerated. Plate incubation at 28 C for 4 days was the temperature-time combination that produced the highest thermoduric bacterial count with laboratory-pasteurized milk. Incubation at 21, 32 or 35 C gave lower counts. Thermoduric bacteria subjected to pasteurization were more exacting in their growth temperature requirements than were unheated bacteria. Cultures of Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus varians and Streptococcus sp. grew over a much wider temperature range before laboratory pasteurization than after the heat treatment. The incubation temperature and time currently recommended for the standard plate count, while presumably adequate for the enumeration of bacteria in raw milk, may not be equally satisfactory for the determination of the maximum viable bacterial population of pasteurized milk.

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Das Meisterargument in Platons Euthyphron

In Plato’s Euthyphro, Euthyphro proposes to analyse the pious as that which is beloved of the gods. In the most widely discussed argument of the dialogue, Socrates tries to show that Euthyphro’s analysis fails. The argument crucially involves an ingenious use of the explanatory connective ‘because’ (ὃτι). This paper presents a detailed reconstruction and defence of the argument. It starts with a rigorous analysis of its logical form, explains and justifies its premises, and closes with a defence of the argument against the strongest common objection.

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Measuring Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Calcium Handling In Vitro.

In vitro measurements of cardiomyocyte contractility and Ca2+ handling have been used as a platform fordetermining physiological consequence of various genetic manipulations and identifying potential therapeutictargets for the treatment of heart failure. The Myocyte Calcium and Contractility System (IonOptix)offers a simultaneous trace of sarcomere movements and changes of intracellular Ca2+ levels in a singlecardiomyocyte. Herein, we describe a modified protocol for the isolation of adult cardiomyocytes frommurine hearts and provide a step-by-step description on how to analyze cardiomyocyte Ca2+ transient andcontractility data collected using the IonOptix system. In our modified protocol, we recommend a novelcannulation technique which simplifies this difficult method and leads to improved viability of isolatedcardiomyocytes. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of intracellular Ca2+ handling, SR Ca2+ load,myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, and cardiomyocyte contractility is described in order to provide importantinsights into myocardial mechanics.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Electroencephalographic Profile of a New Anesthetic and Anticonvulsant That Is Selective for the GABAAR Slow Receptor Subtype

BACKGROUND: Anesthetics like propofol increase electroencephalography (EEG) power in delta frequencies (0.1–4 Hz), with a decrease of power in bandwidths &gt;30 Hz. Propofol is nonselective for gamma amino butyric acid type A receptor subtypes (GABA A R) as it enhances all 3 GABA A R subtypes (slow, fast, and tonic). Our newly developed anesthetic class selectively targets GABA A R-slow synapses to depress brain responsiveness. We hypothesized that a selective GABA A R-slow agonist, KSEB 01-S2, would produce a different EEG signature compared to the broad-spectrum GABA A R agonist (propofol), and tested this using rat EEG recordings. METHODS: Male rats were studied after Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) approval from the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense and the University of Michigan. Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane (3%–5% induction, 1%–3% maintenance) with oxygen at 0.5 to 1.0 L/min. Stainless steel screws were placed in the skull and used to record subcranial cortical EEG signals. After recovery, either propofol or KSEB 01-S2 was administered and effects on EEG signals were analyzed. RESULTS: As previously reported, propofol produced increased power in delta frequencies (0.1–4 Hz) compared to predrug recordings and produced a decrease in EEG power &gt;30 Hz but no significant changes were seen within ±20 seconds of losing the righting reflex. By contrast, KSEB 01-S2 produced a significant increase in theta frequency percent power (median 14.7%, 16.2/13.8, 75/25 confidence interval; to 34.7%, 35/31.8; P &lt; .015) and a significant decrease in low gamma frequency percent power (16.9%, 18.6/15.8; to 5.45%, 5.5/5.39; P &lt; .015) for all rats at ± 20 seconds of loss of consciousness (LOC). Both anesthetics produced a flattening of chaotic attractor plots from nonlinear dynamic analyses, like that produced by volatile and dissociative anesthetics at LOC. CONCLUSIONS: KSEB 01-S2 produced a markedly different EEG pattern, with a selective increase observed in the theta frequency range. KSEB 01-S2 also differs markedly in its activity at the GABA A R-slow receptor subtype, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between receptor subtype specificity and EEG frequency band signatures. Increased theta together with depressed gamma frequencies is interesting because GABA A R slow synapses have previously been suggested to underlie theta frequency oscillations, while fast synapses control gamma activity. These reciprocal effects support a previous model for theta and nested gamma oscillations based on inhibitory connections between GABA A R fast and slow interneurons. Although each anesthetic produced a unique EEG response, propofol and KSEB 01-S2 both increased slow wave activity and flattened chaotic attractor plots at the point of LOC.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A multi-ontology approach for personal information management

Abstract. The increasingly huge volume of personal information stored in a desktop computer is characterized by disparate models, unstructured contents, and implicit knowledge. Aiming at a semantic rich environment, a number of Semantic Desktop frameworks have been proposed, concentrating on different aspects, including organization, manipulation, and visualization of the data. In this paper, we propose a layered and semantic ontology-based framework for personal information management, and we discuss its annotations, associations, and navigation. We also discuss query processing in two cases: query rewriting in a single personal information application, PIA, and that between two PIAs. 1

Topic: Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Influence of Rotor Geometry on Power Transfer Between Rotors in Gerotor-Type Screw Compressors

Abstract The configuration of a twin-screw positive displacement machine is proposed, consisting of an internally geared outer rotor meshing with an externally geared inner rotor. Helical rotors with constant profile and pitch are used with parallel rotor axes and stationary end plates incorporating inlet and discharge ports to achieve internal compression or expansion. The focus of this paper is to understand the effect of rotor geometry on two key performance indicators; the swept volume of the machine and the proportion of input power transferred between the inner and outer rotors. This requires a detailed analysis of the limitations on rotor profile generation, the formation of working chambers, and the forces exerted on the rotors. The choice of the rotor for power transfer to or from the machine is shown to be an important consideration, and helical rotors are found to enable lower power transfer between rotors during operation when compared with straight-cut rotors, but with reduced swept volume for the same machine size. For particular applications, this compromise is characterized through multi-objective optimization of the rotor profile and wrap angle in order to identify appropriate configurations for the proposed machine.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences