jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influential Usage of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making computer systems capable of executing human brain tasks in many fields in all aspects of daily life. The enhancement in information and communications technology (ICT) has indisputably improved the quality of people’s lives around the globe. Especially, ICT has led to a very needy and tremendous improvement in the health sector which is commonly known as electronic health (eHealth) and medical health (mHealth). Deep machine learning and AI approaches are commonly presented in many applications using big data, which consists of all relevant data about the medical health and diseases which a model can access at the time of execution or diagnosis of diseases. For example, cardiovascular imaging has now accurate imaging combined with big data from the eHealth record and pathology to better characterize the disease and personalized therapy. In clinical work and imaging, cancer care is getting improved by knowing the tumor biology and helping in the implementation of precision medicine. The Markov model is used to extract new approaches for leveraging cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed existing research relevant to eHealth and mHealth where various models are discussed which uses big data for the diagnosis and healthcare system. This paper summarizes the recent promising applications of AI and big data in medical health and electronic health, which have potentially added value to diagnosis and patient care.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Dynamic microtubule-dependent interactions position homotypic neurones in regular monolayered arrays during retinal development

In the vertebrate retina cell layers support serial processing, while monolayered arrays of homotypic neurones tile each layer to allow parallel processing. How neurones form layers and arrays is still largely unknown. We show that monolayered retinal arrays are dynamic structures based on dendritic interactions between the array cells. The analysis of three developing retinal arrays shows that these become regular as a net of dendritic processes links neighbouring array cells. Molecular or pharmacological perturbations of microtubules within dendrites lead to a stereotyped and reversible disruption of array organization: array cells lose their regular spacing and the arrangement in a monolayer. This leads to a micro-mechanical explanation of how monolayers of regularly spaced ‘like-cells’ are formed.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FIGURE 19. Berlesia hospitabilis n in Review of the genera Berlesia Canestrini, 1884, and Katydiseius Fain &amp; Lukoschus 1983, the subfamily Katydiseiinae Fain &amp; Lukoschus, 1983, and their family group relationships (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), with description of three new species parasitic on gryllacridid crickets (Orthoptera)

FIGURE 19. Berlesia hospitabilis n. sp.,details. A–C, gnathosomas ventrally: A, female, asterisks showing lateral borders of cheliceral bases inside; B, male; C, deutonymph (same as in D, J–K) with arrowed pharate female structures inside; D, copula, slightly parted in lactic acid, male artificially shrunk; E, F, deutonymphal ambulacra: E, leg II; F, leg I; G, male ambulacrum of leg I (similar in all legs of adult male, female and of protonymph); H, spermatophore; J, same copula, when first found on host's wing; K, detail of D, area of remaining contact. Arrowheads indicate structures of pharate female (black) and her deutonymphal skin (white). Abbreviations: cxIII, cxIV, leg coxae III and IV; sd, spermatodactyl; sf, spermatophore; st, solenostome.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prioritization of Crop Residues for Improving Productivity on Smallholder Dairy Farming Households in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda

Poor nutrition has been identified as a major constraint to productivity in smallholder dairy farming households in Uganda, particularly in Lake Victoria Crescent Agroecological Zone (LVZ). Clarification on nutritional potential of crop residues is central to formulation of sustainable dairy cattle nutrition strategies. Data were collected from 126 randomly selected respondents using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Farmers' responses on crop residues utilization, handling, limitations, spatial and temporal variability were collected. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences on utilization of available crop residues (X2 = 50.4, df = 4, p = 0.0001) among farmer's rankings. It was established that maize stovers were major crop residues utilized and inadequate knowledge to process crop residues was ranked as a major limitation. The study provided basic information on the importance of crop residues. Further research studies should focus on improving the nutritive value of maize stover.

Topic: Agricultural Innovations and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predicting Plant Growth Stages Using Random Forest Classifier: A Machine Learning Approach

The optimization of plant growth through predictive modelling is a crucial aspect of modern agricultural practices. This study investigates the application of a Random Forest Classifier to predict plant growth stages based on various environmental and management factors. The dataset, sourced from Kaggle, includes variables such as soil type, sunlight hours, water frequency, fertilizer type, temperature, and humidity. The research involves extensive data pre-processing, including encoding categorical variables, scaling data, and splitting it into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. The Random Forest Classifier is implemented with 5-fold cross-validation, and its performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The model exhibits robust performance with an average accuracy of 84.27%, precision of 85.59%, recall of 84.27%, and F1-score of 83.98%. Visualization techniques such as correlation heatmaps, PCA plots, t-SNE plots, and violin plots are used to provide insights into the data structure and feature relationships. The results confirm the hypothesis that machine learning can effectively predict plant growth stages, offering significant implications for precision agriculture. By accurately identifying growth stages, farmers and greenhouse managers can optimize resource allocation and management practices, leading to enhanced crop yields and sustainability. The study's limitations include the specificity of the dataset and the sole use of the Random Forest Classifier. Future research should explore additional machine learning models and incorporate more diverse datasets to improve generalizability. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the application of machine learning in agriculture and suggest practical applications for improving agricultural productivity

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
TAD16K: An enhanced benchmark for autonomous driving

Although promising results have been achieved in the areas of object detection and classification, few works have provided an end-to-end solution to the perception problems in the autonomous driving field. In this paper, we make two contributions. Firstly, we fully enhanced our previously released TT100K benchmark and provide 16,817 elaborately labeled Tencent Street View panoramas. This newly created benchmark, we call it Tencent Autonomous Driving 16K (TAD16K), not only contains previously labeled traffic-signs (221 types), but also creates annotations for three new objects, which are traffic lights (6 types), vehicles and pedestrians. Secondly, we provide the evaluation results of two state-of-the-art object detection algorithms (SSD and DetectNet) on our benchmark, which can be used as the baseline for future comparison purpose. Finally, we also demonstrate that the network trained on our benchmark can be directly deployed for practical application. The TAD16K, relevant additions and the source codes are publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> .

Topic: Advanced Neural Network Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibration by X‐Ray Stroboscopy With Multiple Markers

OBJECTIVE To derive a more precise description of vocal fold vibration, experimental phonation of excised canine larynxes was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Multiple X‐ray‐positive markers were inserted, and their vibratory movement was observed with x‐ray stroboscopy with change of pitch and intensity. A histologic study was also carried out. RESULT Regular waves were observed just above the lowest point of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane, which shifted upward at high pitch, but downward in high intensity. CONCLUSIONS The starting point of the mucosal wave was confirmed on the lower surface of the vocal fold, histologically just above the lowest point of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and shifted upward at high pitch, but downward in high intensity. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating the starting point of mucosal wave in vocal fold vibration in a frontal plane using x‐ray stroboscopy, providing the evidence for the body‐cover theory.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Isolation and identification of Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum, cotton bacterial blight disease agent and determination of the antibacterial activity of various plant essential oils

Cotton is one of the most important industrial crops produced in large areas in Turkey. Cotton bacterial blight disease agent Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Syn. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum) is a seed-borne pathogen. Plant essential oils are natural antimicrobial compounds that have the potential to be used as an alternative to chemical control of seed-borne phytopathogens. In this study, the bacterial pathogen X. citri subsp. malvacearum was isolated from cotton plants showing typical disease symptoms during the 2023 growing season in Diyarbakır provinces and the antibacterial effect of essential oils obtained from 11 different medicinal plants (Thymus serpyllum, Origanum syriacum, Thymus syriacus, Origanum onites, Cistus laden, Salvia aramiensis, Laurus nobilis, Hypericum perforatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum majorana and Thymbra spicata) were determined by disk diffusion method. Bacterial isolates, obtained from cotton plants showing typical disease symptoms, were identified as X. citri subsp. malvacearum by biochemical and pathogenicity tests and also MALDI-TOF analysis. The essential oils used in the study showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial agent by forming an inhibition zone with a diameter of 6.33-46.33 mm in the nutrient media. T. serpyllum and T. spicata (43.33 mm), O. syriacum (43.00 mm), T. syriacus (38.33 mm) and O. onites (37.3 mm), were identified as the most effective essential oils respectively. The essential oils of H. perforatum (9.67 mm), L. nobilis (9.0 mm) and S. aramiensis (6.33 mm) showed relatively lower antibacterial activity against the disease agent. The results showed that essential oils of Thymus spp., Thymbra spp. and Origanum spp. have the potential to be used as an alternative to chemical control against seed-borne bacterial plant pathogens.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Coupling Reaction of Alkynes with Vinyl Bromide with Selective Skeletal Rearrangement.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydrodynamic Performance of Euplectella Aspergillum: Simulating Real Life Conditions in the Abyss

We detail some of the understudied aspects of the flow inside and around the Hexactinellid Sponge Euplectella aspergillum. By leveraging the flexibility of the Lattice Boltzmann Method, High Performance Computing simulations are performed to dissect the complex conditions corresponding to the actual environment at the bottom of the ocean, at depths between 100 and 1,000 m. These large-scale simulations unveil potential clues on the evolutionary adaptations of these deep-sea sponges in response to the surrounding fluid flow, and they open the path to future investigations at the interface between physics, engineering and biology.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New cancellation technique for electromagnetic induction sensors

A new technique is presented for canceling the coupling between the coils of an electromagnetic induction sensor while using simple dipole detection coils. A secondary bucking transformer is used to cancel the coupling between the coils. The technique allows the cancellation that can be obtained using a quadrupole receive coil while maintaining the depth sensitivity and simple detection zone of a dipole coil. Simple circuit models for the sensor with some of the important parasitic effects are developed. An experimental model is developed and used to demonstrate the technique. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate more than 75 dB of cancellation up to 100 kHz and the response of the sensor to a few targets.

Topic: Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acceleration of Precipitation Formation in Peach Juice Induced by High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide

Peach juice was treated by high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD). HPCD-induced acceleration of precipitation formation in peach juice was observed. Particle size distribution (PSD), pH, zeta-potential, protein and total phenols, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, pectin and calcium, and viscosity in juice, contributing to the precipitation formation, were studied. HPCD resulted in a significant alteration of juice PSD pattern; the acceleration of the precipitation formation concurred with this alteration. A significant decrease of protein and a declining trend of total phenols were obtained, the contents of pectin and calcium were not changed, and the difference in PME activity in juice was not significant after HPCD. HPCD led to higher increase in juice viscosity, whereas pH and the absolute value of zeta-potential declined during HPCD. These results suggested that the pH and absolute value of zeta-potential declines induced the coagulation of protein and decrease of particle charge, responsible for the acceleration of the precipitation formation.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Agency relationships in the farm credit system: The role of the farm credit banks

This article uses agency concepts from modern business and finance theory to evaluate how the significant restructuring of the Farm Credit System, resulting from legislative enactments of the 1980s together with market, institutional, and technological factors, has changed the role of the farm credit banks in controlling the System's agency costs. The intermediation and service roles of the farm credit banks are evaluated in light of the glowing size and stronger lending capacities of the System's lending associations, and other recent developments. Policy implications for the future structure of the Farm Credit System also are considered. Â© 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Topic: Land Rights and Reforms
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strong approximation of monotone stochastic partial differential equations driven by white noise

Abstract We establish an optimal strong convergence rate of a fully discrete numerical scheme for second-order parabolic stochastic partial differential equations with monotone drifts, including the stochastic Allen–Cahn equation, driven by an additive space-time white noise. Our first step is to transform the original stochastic equation into an equivalent random equation whose solution possesses more regularity than the original one. Then we use the backward Euler in time and spectral Galerkin in space to fully discretise this random equation. By the monotonicity assumption, in combination with the factorisation method and stochastic calculus in martingale-type 2 Banach spaces, we derive a uniform maximum norm estimation and a Hölder-type regularity for both stochastic and random equations. Finally, the strong convergence rate of the proposed fully discrete scheme is obtained. Several numerical experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical result.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability of magnetic configurations containing the toroidal and \n axial fields

\n Stability properties of magnetic-field configurations containing the \ntoroidal and axial field are considered. \nThe stability is treated by making use of linear analysis. \nIt is shown that the conditions required \nfor the onset of instability are essentially different from those \ngiven by the necessary condition ${\\rm d} (s B_{\\varphi})/{\\rm d}s &gt; 0$, where s is the \ncylindrical radius. The growth rate of instability is calculated for a wide \nrange of the parameters. We argue that the instability can operate in two \ndifferent regimes depending on the strength of the axial field and the \nprofile of the toroidal field.\n\n\n

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
DNA damage by various forms of active oxygens and its inhibition by different scavengers using plasmid DNA.

The degree of DNA damage by the treatment with various molecular species of active oxygen and its inhibition by pretreatment with different scavengers were evaluated using pUC19 plasmid DNA. DNA damage caused by O2-. generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system (X-XOD), .OH by Fenton reactions, and OCl- by NaOCl involved the generation of open circle DNA demonstrating single strand breaks. Catalase (Cat), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DETAPAC), desferroxiamine (Desferal), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (EtOH) all inhibited 60-80% of DNA damage by the generated O2-.. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited all DNA damages by O2-.. Cat, DETAPAC and Desferal effectively inhibited DNA break by .OH; complete inhibition of .OH-induced DNA break was achieved by addition of DMSO and EtOH. Desferal and EtOH completely inhibited DNA damage by OCl-. These findings suggested that metal ions are associated with the mechanism of DNA damage by all forms of active oxygen species.

Topic: Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bioindication of the environmental state of marine areas with the use of fish biomarkers

The study is focused on the effect of the concentrations of toxic elements Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd in the muscles of six species of Black-Sea fish on the concentrations of modified forms of proteins and medium-molecular peptides in fish serum. Correlation analysis established that the effect of toxic elements on the concentration of modified forms of proteins decreases in the series Zn + Pb > As > Hg > Cu > Cd and that for medium-molecular peptides decrease in the series Pb > Cu > Zn > Hg > As + Cd. The possible use of the concentration of modified forms of proteins and medium-molecular peptides in fish blood as biomarkers for assessing their state and the effect of habitat on them.

Topic: Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS Nestin- and Doublecortin-Positive Cells Reside in Adult Spinal Cord Meninges and Participate in Injury-Induced Parenchymal Reaction

Adult spinal cord has little regenerative potential, thus limiting patient recovery following injury. In this study, we describe a new population of cells resident in the adult rat spinal cord meninges that express the neural stem/precursor markers nestin and doublecortin. Furthermore, from dissoci-ated meningeal tissue a neural stem cell population was cul-tured in vitro and subsequently shown to differentiate into functional neurons or mature oligodendrocytes. Proliferation rate and number of nestin- and doublecortin-positive cells increased in vivo in meninges following spinal cord injury. By using a lentivirus-labeling approach, we show that menin-geal cells, including nestin- and doublecortin-positive cells, migrate in the spinal cord parenchyma and contribute to the glial scar formation. Our data emphasize the multiple roles of meninges in the reaction of the parenchyma to trauma and indicate for the first time that spinal cord meninges are potential niches harboring stem/precursor cells that can be activated by injury. Meninges may be considered as a new source of adult stem/precursor cells to be further tested for use in regenerative medicine applied to neurological disor-ders, including repair from spinal cord injury. STEM CELLS 2011;29:2062–2076 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Risk of Atherosclerosis Due to HMGB1-dependent Platelet-derived Microparticles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

We measured high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP) in blood samples from patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the effects of a combination of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Multiple regression analysis of HMGB1 was conducted on data from 252 patients in our previously reported T2DM-related clinical study. The results revealed significant correlations between HMGB1 and PDMP, soluble CD40 ligand, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and soluble E-selectin in multivariate analysis. Based on the HMGB1 levels before treatment with combination, 46 T2DM patients in the study were classified into two groups, high and low. The high HMGB1 group showed a significantly lower adiponectin level and higher PDMP production than the low HMGB1 group. T2DM risk significantly and positively correlated with HMGB1 and PDMPs. HMGB1-induced PDMP production was simulated in vitro using healthy platelets. Furthermore, The combination of a SGLT2 inhibitor and a DPP-4 inhibitor significantly reduced HMGB1 and PDMP levels. These results suggest that in addition to abnormal glucose metabolism, HMGB1-dependent PDMP production and the resulting development of atherosclerosis are also a concern in patients with T2DM.

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences