jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Case 2: Prolonged Hypoglycemia in an Adolescent without Diabetes

1. Akshay Sharma, MBBS*
2. Irene Hong-McAtee, MD†


 

1. *St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.

2. †Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.

A 16-year-old girl who has no contributory past medical history suddenly starts experiencing generalized weakness and drowsiness. In the emergency department, her finger stick blood glucose (BG) is 22 mg/dL (1.2 mmol/L) (fasting reference range 70–99 mg/dL [3.9–5.5 mmol/L]). She is given 160 mL of 12.5% dextrose intravenously (IV) and is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for monitoring and further management.

On arrival to the PICU, her vital signs show sinus tachycardia (heart rate of 118 beats per minute). Her weight is 38.9 kg and height is 144.7 cm (both below the 3rd percentile). Her physical examination findings are otherwise unremarkable.

Her basic metabolic profile and complete blood cell count do not reveal any abnormalities except a low BG. Blood is collected to measure serum insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and ketones when her BG concentration decreases to less than 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) in the PICU.

She is given 12.5% dextrose multiple times as well as a glucagon injection once for BG less than 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) (Figure). Strikingly, she does not display any other symptoms until her BG decreases to less than 20 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L). At one point her BG reaches 12 mg/dL (0.7 mmol/L) and she develops diaphoresis but she still remains conversational. Her urine drug screen is negative for any oral hypoglycemic agents. Corticotropin and glucagon stimulation tests as well as …

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
6.4.4 Investigations on the sine fitting algorithm in the Planck-Balance

The Planck-Balance is a table-top version of a Kibble balance.In contrast to many other Kibble balances, the Planck-Balance generates an ac (sinusoidal) rather than a dc signal in the dynamic mode.A linear sine fitting algorithm is applied to estimate the amplitudes of the induced voltage and the coil motion, which determine the force factor Bl of the voice coil of the electromagnetic force compensated balance.Different sine fitting algorithms are compared in terms of harmonic distortion, additive Gaussian noise and non-coherent sampling.The biases and uncertainties associated with the estimated Bl are also compared by numerical simulations.

Topic: Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 873197: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Calibration Method for Measuring the Color Rendering Index (CRI) using RGB Sensor

Color is a perceptual characteristic, derived from the light reflected on the object and as such does not represent a physical property. However, progress has been made in building mathematical models to define it more clearly. Light sources play a key role in color perception, and one of the measures to characterize the effect is the Color Rendering Index (CRI). The CRI is a measure used to characterize the color reproduction ability of a light source in particular in comparison with ideal light source. In this work, initially developed an algorithm to determine the CRI from SPD and then used a low-cost RGB sensor to find a model that would estimate the value CRI directly. We used four groups of light sources with technical information available, we measured the SPD and found a transformation matrix to convert RGB to XYZ space. This work is framed in the development of tools to control and lighting measurements for environment control tasks and characterization of artificial sources.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Lung Cancer in India–Part I

Lung cancer in India has changed over the years.The subject was reviewed earlier in 2004.Since then, it has become an important and second common cancer in Indian males.Although smoking continued to be an important factor for the causation of lung cancer in this country, particularly bidi smoking, new facts come into light.Biomass fuel is another important factor in the causation of lung cancer in non-smoking females.There is also a regional disparity in the prevalence of lung cancer in India.Aizawl district had the highest rank in incidence rates in both males (38.8 per 100,000) and females (37.9 per 100,000).There was a significant increase in the incidence rates of lung cancer in Kamrup (urban), Chennai, Delhi and Bangalore PBCRs (Population Based Cancer Registries) in both males and females.Five PBCRs showed a significant increase in incidence rates among males whereas it was seen in 11 PBCRs among females.In Asia, among males, Yueyanglou (95.5 per 100,000) in China had the highest incidence rate of lung cancer, whereas Aizawl district (37.9 per 100,000), had the highest age adjusted ratio in females.Over the years, there is also marked improvement in the availability of diagnostic facilities all over the country.There is also a significant transition of the cell type of lung cancer.While earlier reports showed squamous cell type as the commonest one, now adenocarcinoma has surpassed that as reported from most centers in the country including the National Cancer Registry maintained by the Indian Council of Medical Research.Advent of molecular biology is a new development since we reviewed the topic nearly 16 years back.This aspect has been discussed in detail in the second part of the review.However, lung cancer continues to present in a very advanced stage of the disease where definite therapy, like surgery could not be offered to most of them.In fact around 3% to 4% of cases could only be offered surgery in our country.There is a significant improvement in the management of advanced stage lung cancer with the availability of newer chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapy and immunotherapy (will be discussed in 2nd part) with better median survival and many centers in the country are now treating this disease more aggressively.Although smoking continues to be a major problem in India, more and more anti-tobacco laws are being persued aggressively by the Government.Lung cancer screening is not yet practised in our country because of various technical, and other logistic issues.COVID-19 pandemic has created difficulties in managing such patients.cont...

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expression of genes involved in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues in the initial stage of adult-age obesity in fed and fasted mice

C57Bl mice exhibit impaired glucose metabolism by the late adult age under standard living conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism at postpubertal stages preceding the late adult age in C57Bl mice. Muscle mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 3 (<i>Ucp3</i>) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (<i>Cpt1</i>) (indicators of FFA oxidation), WAT mRNA levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (<i>Lipe</i>) and lipoprotein lipase (<i>Lpl</i>) (indicators of lipolysis and lipogenesis), muscle and WAT mRNA levels of the type 4 glucose transporter <i>Slc2a4</i> (indicators of insulin-dependent glucose uptake), and BAT mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 1 (<i>Ucp1</i>) (indicator of thermogenesis) were measured in fed and 16 h-fasted mice in three age groups: 10-week-old (young), 15-week-old (early adult), and 30-week-old (late adult). Weight gain from young to early adult age was not accompanied by changes in WAT and BAT indexes and biochemical blood parameters. Weight gain from early to late adult age was accompanied by increased WAT and BAT indexes and decreased glucose tolerance. Muscle <i>Ucp3</i> and <i>Cpt1</i> mRNA levels and WAT <i>Lipe</i> and <i>Slc2a4</i> mRNA levels increased from young to early adult age and then sharply decreased by the late adult age. Moreover, BAT <i>Ucp1</i> mRNA level decreased in the late adult age. Fasting failed to increase muscle Cpt1 mRNA levels in late adult mice. These transcriptional changes could contribute to impaired glucose metabolism and the onset of obesity in late adult mice during normal development.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adherence, Attitudes and Beliefs of Growth Hormone Deficient Patients – A Questionnaire-based Cohort Study

Abstract Introduction GHD is a chronic and systemic disease requiring daily replacement of growth hormone (GHRT). Adherence and attitudes of adult GHD patients are not well known. We sought to assess patients’ knowledge of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in association with treatment adherence and attitudes regarding available and upcoming treatment options. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey with a custom-made questionnaire at a single centre assessing data on demographics, knowledge of GHD, adherence and attitudes towards GHRT. Results Of 106 eligible patients actively followed for GHD 70 returned the completed survey (return-rate 66%, 34 m/36 f; age 56±14 years). 46 patients were actively treated, but almost one third (n=24) refused GHRT. 12 patients had participated in clinical trials with LAGH (long-acting growth hormone). Overall, patients with GHRT showed good adherence. Patients refusing GHRT mostly feared side effects and/or had a lack of information/perceived effect. Disease knowledge and level of education were higher in treated than untreated patients (p=0.023/0.017). Only 36% of respondents would initiate treatment with LAGH. Patients with prior LAGH experience and patients with childhood-onset GHD were more likely to adopt LAGH (p=0.048/0.031). Discussion Most often, misinformation causes patients to refuse GHRT. Possibly the understanding of their condition and consequences of non-treatment is limited. To improve adherence more focused educational and behavioural strategies may be needed. Willingness to begin a therapy with LAGH was lower than expected (36%). The reasons for reluctance against LAGH need to be elucidated.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural and electrical properties of potassium and neodymium substituted SrBi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>15</sub> ceramics

Sr1-2xKxNdxBi4Ti4O15 (x = 0.0 and 0.1) ceramics are synthesized by solid-state sintering method. The phase formation confirmation and structural parameters are obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of potassium and Neodymium substitution on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics are investigated. The Curie temperature is found to be decreased and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33), electromechanical coupling factor (kp) are found to be increased.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Jasmonate Metabolism and Interactions with Other Phytohormones

Jasmonates are known to play multifunctional roles in crop growth and development. The genetic and molecular basis of jasmonate metabolism has been summarized in this chapter, which have shown substantial role in controlling plant metabolism under stress and non-stress conditions. During stress conditions, the regulation of jasmonates synthesis is impaired, which is associated with a cascade of metabolic events like signal transduction. Although mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are vital components of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and biosynthesis pathways, phytohormones like abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids are also crucial mediators of crop growth and development during JA synthesis and signal transduction. This chapter also discusses crosstalk of JA with other phytohormones in regulating balance between crop growth and defense responses, which involves proteins like jasmonate ZIM domain protein (JAZ) and 40MYC2, which are key players in JA signaling. The crosstalk with these phytohormones affects JA synthesis synergistically or antagonistically. The investigation of different signaling molecules could be helpful to inspect the intricacies of signal transduction pathway of JA at molecular level. Further research is required to properly address the queries like actions of metabolites and receptors involved in JA signaling. The role of transcription factors involving MAPKs, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY need to be fully explored to comprehend mechanism of action of JAs.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Report on TBAS 2012

The ECIR half-day workshop on Task-Based and Aggregated Search (TBAS) was held in Barcelona, Spain on 1 April 2012. The program included a keynote talk by Professor Järvelin, six full paper presentations, two poster presentations, and an interactive discussion among the approximately 25 participants. This report overviews the aims and contents of the workshop and outlines the major outcomes.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies on the Effective Materials of Baizhu for Immuno-Enhancing Action

To study the effective material basis of Baizhu for immuno-enhancing action, multi-mode separation methods were applied to split the chemical components of Baizhu and each fraction was characterized by HPLC with analysis of similarity degrees.The serum hemolysin against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), the indexes of the clearance rate of carbon particles and Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte (PBL) transformation assays were used to explore the immuno-enhancing components of Baizhu.Volatile Oil Fraction (VOF), Petroleum Ether Fraction (PEF), Water Eluated Fraction (WEF), Alcohol Eluated Fraction (AEF), Crude Polysaccharide Fraction (CPF), Refined Polysaccharide Fraction (RPF) were obtained.The similarity degrees between any two fractions, except CPF and RPF were calculated to be less than 0.1.The minimal effective dose of Baizhu Water Decoction (WD) for its immuno enhancing action was examined to be 8 g kgG 1 according to crude drug.The immuno-modulating experiments showed that CPF, RPF and PEF of Baizhu could increase the level of serum hemolysin, raise the PBL transformation and improve the phagocytic indexes in the clearance of carbon particle assays.The HPLC analysis indicated that atractylenolides and polyacetylenes are the main components of PEF and atractylon is for VOF.Atractylenolides, polyacetylenes and polysaccharides are the main effective components for improving the function of specific immunity and nonspecific immunity.The VOF showed, to some extent, to damage the immune organ due to its inhibitory effect on spleen index.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Ezrin Ubiquitylation by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, WWP1, and Consequent Regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Activity

The membrane cytoskeleton linker ezrin participates in several functions downstream of the receptor Met in response to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) stimulation. Here we report a novel interaction of ezrin with a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP1/Aip5/Tiul1, a potential oncogene that undergoes genomic amplification and overexpression in human breast and prostate cancers. We show that ezrin binds to the WW domains of WWP1 via the consensus motif PPVY477 present in ezrin’s C-terminus. This association results in the ubiquitylation of ezrin, a process that requires an intact PPVY477 motif. Interestingly ezrin ubiquitylation does not target the protein for degradation by the proteasome. We find that ezrin ubiquitylation by WWP1 in epithelial cells leads to the upregulation of Met level in absence of HGF stimulation and increases the response of Met to HGF stimulation as measured by the ability of the cells to heal a wound. Interestingly this effect requires ubiquitylated ezrin since it can be rescued, after depletion of endogenous ezrin, by wild type ezrin but not by a mutant of ezrin that cannot be ubiquitylated. Taken together our data reveal a new role for ezrin in Met receptor stability and activity through its association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1. Given the role of Met in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, our results may provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the role of ezrin in tumor progression.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Survey of Tourniquet Use in Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery

Background: Tourniquet technique varies among foot and ankle surgeons, and to establish a standard practice guideline the current standard of care should be examined. Methods: One hundred and forty responses were received after 253 surveys were mailed to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) members, concerning type of tourniquets, location, and pressures used. Results: Cuff pressures most commonly used were 301 to 350 mmHg for thigh cuffs (49 % of thigh cuff users) and 201 to 250 mmHG for calf and ankle cuffs (52 % of calf cuff users, 66 % of ankle cuff users). A substantial number of foot and ankle surgeons who use calf and ankle cuffs frequently use pressures above 250 mmHg (41 % of calf cuff users, 19% of ankle cuff users). Only 9 % use limb occlusion pressure

Topic: Blood transfusion and management
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE COMBINATION EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF HALS WITH ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE RADIATION RESISTANCE OF PPII. THE MECHANISM OF THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF HALS WITH ANTIOXIDANTS

The combination mechanism of PDS (copolymer of 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl 4 piperidinyl methacrylate (TMPM) with styrene) with several kinds of antioxidants was studied by measuring the concentration of hydroperoxide formed in PP, the mass increase of PP and the carbonyl index of PP. It was found that the concentration of POOH formed in PP, the mass increase of PP and the carbonyl index of PP are lower in the systems with better combination effect. It is believed that the reason for the synergism of PDS with most of the antioxidants is that they can remove the hydroperoxide and peroxy radicals formed in PP more effectively.

Topic: Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative sp<sup>3</sup>−sp<sup>3</sup> Coupling of Nitrobenzene Acetic Esters

Allylic esters of nitrobenzene acetic acids undergo facile palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling. Both mono- and dinitroarene substrates give high yields of the coupled products. Moreover, the rates of the reactions suggest that decarboxylation is rate-limiting and substrates that sterically disfavor attainment of the reactive conformation for decarboxylation are not viable. Finally, reduction of the product nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines provides access to a variety of heterocycles including quinolines and dihydroquinolones.

Topic: Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Black Widows, Sexual Predators, And The Reality Of Female Serial Killers

The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the minds of female serial killers, and attempt to create a typology appropriate for understanding their unique psychology. Through an analysis of various mental illnesses, environmental contributors and evolutionary mechanisms, the author highlights the various differences in the minds of male and female serial killers. The author then uses two case studies (Nannie Doss and Aileen Wuornos) to highlight the inadequacies with the current typological standard (the Holmes and DeBurger typology) and provides insight into the minds of these two serial killers. A new hybridized typological system is then suggested merging the Holmes and DeBurger model with the motivational model.

Topic: Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey

In order to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education, we surveyed approximately 1500 students at one of the largest public institutions in the United States using an instrument designed to recover the causal impact of the pandemic on students' current and expected outcomes. Results show large negative effects across many dimensions. Due to COVID-19: 13% of students have delayed graduation, 40% have lost a job, internship, or job offer, and 29% expect to earn less at age 35. Moreover, these effects have been highly heterogeneous. One quarter of students increased their study time by more than 4 hours per week due to COVID-19, while another quarter decreased their study time by more than 5 hours per week. This heterogeneity often followed existing socioeconomic divides. Lower-income students are 55% more likely than their higher-income peers to have delayed graduation due to COVID-19. Finally, we show that the economic and health related shocks induced by COVID-19 vary systematically by socioeconomic factors and constitute key mediators in explaining the large (and heterogeneous) effects of the pandemic.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Sport, Masculinities and Sexualities

1. Masculinities and Sexualities in Sport and Physical Cultures: Three Decades of Evolving Research 2. Josh Wears Pink Cleats: Inclusive Masculinity on the Soccer Field 3. Sport Fans' Impressions of Gay Male Athletes 4. Clubbing Masculinities: Gender Shifts in Gay Men's Dance Floor Choreographies 5. Men at Sport: Gay Men's Experiences in the Sport Workplace 6. Aren't We All a Little Bisexual?: The Recognition of Bisexuality in an Unlikely Place 7. The Benefits of Sexual Orientation Diversity in Sport Organizations 8. Mapping the Terrain of Homosexually-Themed Language 9. Homophobic and Sexist yet Uncontested: Examining Football Fan Postings on Internet Message Boards 10. An investigation of ethnicity as a variable related to US male college athletes' sexual-orientation behaviours and attitudes 11. Male Team Sport Hazing Initiations in a Culture of Decreasing Homohysteria

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences