jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmias, hypertension and the elderly: Holter evaluation.

In order to clarify the role of age and hypertension in determining arrhythmias, we evaluated the average heart rate, and the number of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats and their severity (Lown grade) by 24-h Holter electrocardiography of 336 patients. We excluded 54 patients with prolonged runs of atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia because these arrhythmias reduce the possibility of determining the number of premature beats. Analysis of variance, carried out after dividing the patients into four different groups according to age and blood pressure (excluding patients aged 60-65 years with diastolic blood pressure of 91-94 mmHg) showed that the hypertensives had a higher average heart rate (P less than 0.01) and more supraventricular (P less than 0.05) and premature ventricular (P less than 0.01) beats than the normotensives; no difference was found among groups of different ages. The severity of premature ventricular beats was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives, and also higher in elderly than in 'young' patients (P less than 0.01). In the evaluation of all 336 patients we found correlations between age and severity of premature ventricular beats in both normotensives (P less than 0.05) and hypertensives (P less than 0.001). Multilinear regression showed that mean blood pressure was independently related to the average heart rate, and supraventricular and premature ventricular beats and their severity, while age was correlated independently only with the severity of premature ventricular beats (P less than 0.001). We conclude that hypertension induces arrhythmias, and that age increases their severity.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding consumption patterns of the established and emerging South African black middle class

Existing empirical research on consumption patterns of the South African black middle class leans either on the theory of conspicuous consumption or culture-specific utility functions. This paper departs from treatment of the black middle class as a homogeneous group. By differentiating between a securely established group, with characteristics and consumption patterns similar to the white middle class, and an emerging group, often with weaker productive characteristics, the paper formally introduces economic vulnerability as a driver of consumption patterns. Households new to the middle class or uncertain of continued class membership are viewed as vulnerable. Consumption patterns of the emerging black middle class are observed to diverge substantially from the other groups, in terms of greater signalling of social status via visible consumption and preoccupation with reducing an historical asset deficit. We expect many of its members to join the established classes over time, converging to a new 'middle class mean'.

Topic: Social and Cultural Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Illicit drug use in seven Latin American countries: critical perspectives of families and familiars

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effects of storage on flour quality and baking performance

Abstract In times of low wheat reserves, newly harvested wheat is processed almost immediately after harvest, which presents a series of problems to the millers and bakers. Newly harvested wheat generally has poor milling and baking quality. However, after wheat is aged, the bran is easier to separate from the endosperm, flour extraction increases, and ash content drops. These improvements have been related to posthar‐vest maturation and physical changes in the wheat kernel. On the other side of the milling process, freshly milled flour does not perform as well as flour that has been kept in storage. To address this issue, extra flour storage capacity is needed, or millers and bakers must add chemicals to their flours. Flour components change during aging. Aged soft wheat flour behaves similarly to chlorinated flour. Flour hydration rate and batter viscosity increase, and cakes have greater volumes without collapse. Aged hard wheat flour has higher water absorption, better mixing tolerance, and greater gas retention capability and produces bread with greater loaf volume. This review compiles the published studies related to wheat and flour aging.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Sodium-Citrate-Assisted Synthesis of Aqueous CdTe Nanocrystals: Giving New Insight into the Effect of Ligand Shell

We report a protocol for investigating the effect of the ligand shell in the growth process of aqueous CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) from the viewpoint of both experiment and theoretical calculation. Experimentally we develop a new method of sodium-citrate-assisted preparation of aqueous CdTe NCs, which breaks through the restriction of thiol/Cd ratio (1.2:1) in conventional aqueous synthesis and realizes the extensive tunability of the thiol/Cd ratios from 0.1:1 to 2.4:1. On the basis of the investigation of CdTe NCs in the presence of sodium citrate (SC), the ligand shell is confirmed to control both the growth rates and the photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of aqueous NCs. Theoretically, according to the absolute rate theory (ART), the growth rates of NCs are determined by the reaction temperature, activation energy, and concentration of Te. Theoretical simulation of the NC growth process by MP2/Lanl2DZ in the Gaussian 03 program indicates that the nature of the ligand shell greatly affects the activation energy of NCs through formation of the transition-state complex, thus affecting the growth rates of NCs. Obviously, both experiment results and theoretical calculation prove that the nature of the ligand shell plays a key role in the growth process and PL QYs of aqueous CdTe NCs.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The rearrangement of 2‐benzyl‐5‐mesitoyl‐3(2<i>H</i>)‐isothiazolone to 2‐phenyl‐6‐mesitoyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(2<i>H</i>)‐one

Abstract 2‐Benzyl‐5‐mesitoyl‐3( 2H )‐isothiazolone ( 8 ) has been prepared from 3‐mesitoylpropionic acid ( 5 ). Reaction of the isothiazolone 8 with sodium ethoxide in ethanol has been found to yield an isomeric rearranged compound, which was characterized as 2‐phenyl‐6‐mesitoyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4( 2H )‐one ( 9 ). This unexpected rearrangement is attributed to the abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom from the N ‐benzyl group, followed by ring enlargement through cleavage of the isothiazolone SN bond.

Topic: Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhanced Andreev scattering by order-disorder transitions in short coherence length superconductors

The authors predict that the excitations of a superconductor with a spatially inhomogeneous order parameter Delta (r) can be localised by Andreev scattering. Results of calculations on two models are presented. The first contains fluctuations only in the magnitude of Delta (r), while the second has fluctuations only in the phase of Delta (r). For both models, the authors' results suggest that all quasi-particle states are localised in one dimension. In particular they show that for quasi-particles incident on the superconductor from a normal wire, the reflection coefficient for Andreev scattering can approach unity, even for energies far above the maximum value of mod Delta (r) mod . This leads to new charging effects which can be used as an experimental probe for order-disorder transitions in Delta (r).

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Establishing Boundaries for Speculation About Artificial Wombs, Ectogenesis, Gender, and the Gestating Body

In this chapter, we explore a key claim that arises in the speculative bioethical and legal literature on artificial wombs: namely, that by removing gestation from the body, this technology will improve equality between men and women. We contend that this assumption is problematic for three reasons. First, it locates the problem of inequity in gendered care labour in the gestating body, rather than in the institutional structures that produce it. Second, it presents a limited view of contemporary issues in gendered (in)equality by narrowly focusing on heterosexual relationships. Finally, it inaccurately presumes the stability of reproductive autonomy for all women. Building on this final contention, we turn to considering the impact of the artificial womb within the context of contemporary issues in stratified reproduction. Ultimately, we recognize the potential of imagining a future with ectogenesis to orient society and jurisprudence in emancipatory directions. We propose, however, that grounding these thought experiments in the contemporary realities of stratified reproduction and attending to existing inequities of access to reproductive care and support for care labour will better serve us in realizing these ends.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 187844 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "SpeciesKey is Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "Country is United States of America", "Year is greater than or equal to 2000", "Year is less than 2022" ] } The dataset includes 187844 records from 55 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007588-241024112534372/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On a Binomial Model of Option Pricing

The conventional models of option pricing are based on the artificial proposition of the market neutrality to the risk, which is equivalent to the assumption that the expected return μ, equals the risk-free return r. However, in real markets μ may significantly differ from r. This may lead to the noticeable difference between model and real values of option prices. We consider here a modification of the Cox-Ross-Rubenstein binomial model that takes into account the dependence of option prices on μ.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
SWOT-analysis as an analysis tool of academic staff training for improvement strategy development

Постоянное развитие экономики и международного пространства подразумевает высокую востребованность в высококвалифицированных кадрах на рынке, на что в свою очередь влияет количество и качество научно-педагогических кадров. Федеральный закон от 29 декабря 2012 г. № 273-ФЗ «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» и Концепция «Комплексной программы повышения профессионального уровня педагогических работников общеобразовательных организаций» подчеркивают приоритетность разработки и реализации образовательных программ аспирантуры. Изменение подходов к подготовке научного-педагогических кадров является необходимым для обеспечения качественного и конкурентоспособного уровня образования и восполнения кадров в современном научном обществе и профессиональном пространстве. Важным инструментом совершенствования работы аспирантуры явилась разработка стратегии развития посредством SWOT-анализа. Таким образом, в статье были выявлены и структурированы факторы и меры, которые существенно влияют на повышение результативности и эффективности исследуемой аспирантуры. Следует отметить, что авторы провели реальную оценку собственных сил и возникающих ситуаций на основе сравнительного анализа ведущих университетов Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета, Санкт-Петербургского национального исследовательского университета информационных технологий, механики и оптики и Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова, что позволило сформировать основные критерии. SWOT-анализ в данном исследовании также применялся в совокупности с такими методами, как многофакторный анализ и анкетирование. В результате анализа слабых и сильных сторон, возможностей и угроз образовательного процесса посредством матрицы были определены действия для реализации возможностей, направленные на улучшение или изменение слабых сторон, предотвращающие возможные угрозы и минимизирующие риски. В статье предлагаются оптимальные стратегические

Topic: Central Asia Education and Culture
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Device closure of an atrial septal defect: is seeing always believing?

<h3>Abstract</h3> Adoptive T cell immune therapies mediate impressive clinical benefit in a fraction of patients, but anti-tumor effects are often limited by inadequate T cell potency. To identify genes limiting T cell effector function, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens in human primary CAR-T cells. The top hits were <i>MED12</i> and <i>CCNC</i>, components of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) module of the Mediator complex, an evolutionarily conserved regulator of gene transcription. <i>MED12</i> or <i>CCNC</i> deficient CAR-T cells manifest increased expansion, cytokine production, metabolic fitness, effector function, anti-tumor activity and reduced terminal effector differentiation. Chemical inhibition of CDK8/19 kinase activity recapitulated some features of genetic loss of <i>MED12</i>, including increased T cell expansion. <i>MED12</i> deficient CAR-T cells showed widespread but selective increases in chromatin accessibility, MED1 chromatin occupancy, and H3K27 acetylation at enhancers used by transcription factors playing a critical role in T cell fate, including several STAT and AP1 family members. The most pronounced enhancement was observed for STAT5 which manifested as increased sensitivity to IL-2 in <i>MED12</i> deficient T cells. These results link Mediator induced transcriptional coactivation with T cell effector programming and identify the CDK module as a target for enhancing the potency of anti-tumor T cell responses. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> The Mediator kinase module is a primary regulator of T cell differentiation, and genetic or small molecule-based inhibition of this module enhances effector T cell potency.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knodt Rod Distraction Instrumentation in Lumbosacral Arthrodesis

Review of 40 patients undergoing lumbosacral fusions over a 4-year period was done to determine the value, efficiency, and safety of Knodt rod distraction instrumentation. The age range was 30–80 years. Mean age was 51 years. Follow-up was 1–4 years. Twenty patients underwent decompression and fusion for spinal stenosis, nine underwent spinal arthrodesis for instability, six underwent the same for spondylolisthesis, and five underwent fusions for other diagnoses. A posterior midline approach was used. Laminai hook sites were prepared, and care was taken to prevent durai compression or tenting. Balanced distraction was done to restore soft tissue tension and stability. No attempt was made to reduce deformity. A posterior and lateral mass fusion augmented with allograft bone was performed on all but three patients, in whom autogenous bone was used. The majority of patients were placed in a custom-molded lumbosacral orthosis for 3–6 months after operation. There were no neurologic complications, durai tears, or pseudomenin-goceles. The first sacral laminas were instrumented in 22 patients. Nine of the 40 patients underwent rod removal. Reasons for removal were pain due to loosening in five patients and failure of fusion in two. On rod removal in two patients, no abnormality was found. Insertion within the sacral laminas did not lead to neurologic complications. The major problem appeared to be loosening, which necessitated rod removal in 12% of the patients. Knodt rod distraction instrumentation is a safe and effective method of internal fixation for lumbosacral fusions.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Resistance of Spider Mites to Acaricides: Comparison of Slide Dip and Leaf Dip Methods13

In choosing a method of evaluating the practical significance of resistance in populations of spider mites to acaricides, the technique should be simple, provide reproducible results, and simulate as closely as possible the condition under which the acaricide will be used for mite control. The slide-dip assay, as described by Voss (1961), fulfills the 1st 2 criteria, but it measures only topical toxicity, is difficult to use with acaricides that are ineffective against adult female mites, and is not suitable for use with slow-acting acricides because control mortality becomes excessive after ca. 3 days. Nevertheless, a modified version of the slide-dip technique has been proposed as the standard assay method for determining acaricide resistance in spider mites (Anonymous 1968). In the present study, we compared the slide-dip method with a topical leaf-dip and a residual leaf-dip method for determining aearicidal toxicities.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Cold Stony Reality’: Subjectivity and Experience in Victorian Mountaineering

We begin with two pictures, separated by eight decades.In the first, a frock-coated figure is seen from behind, astride the summit of a mountain.Clutching a walking stick and looking down from an omniscient viewpoint, he presides over a landscape which has been turned to partial seascape by a thick blanket of mist.The second is a photograph, showing a pair of figures clambering up a rock face.The person higher up the cliff is wedged into a vertical fissure in the slab, using a rope to protect the second climber, who clings to the sheer face with outstretched arms.The foreground is in sharp focus, but the horizon beyond is misty and indistinct.Both are images of mountaineers, and the shift in sensibility they illustrate reflects a wider set of cultural changes that took place over the course of the nineteenth century./

Topic: Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling Multivariate Time Series by Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) (Study: PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. and PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk)

Abstract Time series analysis (time series) is one method with the aim to find out events that will occur in the future based on data and past circumstances. Time series are widely used in economics, business, environmental science, and finance. The analytical tool that is widely used to answer quantitative research problems is the Autoregressive Vector (VAR). The VAR model is used if the data is stationary. If the variable has cointegration and stationary at the first difference value, the VAR model is modified to become the Error Correction Model (VECM). Then we can find out the influence of variables with other variables by looking at the Impulse Response Function and Granger Causality. In this research, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk’s stock data will be analyzed. (KLBF) and PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk (KAEF). The data used are weekly data from January 2010 to June 2020. Based on data analysis, it is known that the data is not stationary and there are unit roots. Furthermore, first differencing is done to make the data stationary. Because there was cointegration, a VECM analysis was performed and a VECM (p) was obtained with a lag of p = 4. So the best model for this research is VECM (4) with rank = 2. Causal relationships between variables using Granger Causality showed that KLBF influenced KAEF in the past. Based on IRF analysis, each variable gives a fluctuating response with itself and with other variables.

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Malmö's Eco-branding to the Chinese public : a Shanghai Expo case

This thesis is a documentation as well as a reflection on the participation of Sweden‘s third most populous municipality, Malmö, in Shanghai‘s World Exposition (Expo) during summer 2010. Based on my own involvement as a staff member for 1.5 months, in the thesis I wish to explore eco-branding at Malmö‘s official showcase (Malmö Case). I want to look at Malmö‘s eco-branding in an overseas context, in terms of how the thematic experience was produced and consumed by regular Chinese visitors at the showcase, through theoretical conceptualizations on space- and experience production. By identifying problems and limitations that may have occurred during Malmö‘s exhibition, this thesis opens up a discussion on how they could possibly be minimized and transformed, shedding light on how Malmö‘s eco-branding could be better facilitated to the vast Chinese public in the future. I argue the form of Malmö Case as of an art gallery put the city in a relatively disadvantaged position at the Expo in competing for public attention and understanding. Thus it is firstly, strongly suggested that tourism mediators could be more developed on the basis of social and cultural context, both to establish the preconceptions of regular visitors and to be more entertaining and informative. Secondly, experience co-created by visitors and the showcase through interactivity-based activities could be an effective way to boost Malmö‘s eco-brand to the Chinese general public.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences