jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Approximation of Saddlepoint Expansions in Statistics

The saddlepoint approximation as developed by Daniels [3] is an extremely accurate method for approximating probability distributions. Econometric and statistical applications of the technique to densities of statistics of interest are often hindered by the requirements of explicit knowledge of the c.g.f. and the need to obtain an analytical solution to the saddlepoint defining equation. In this paper, we show the conditions under which any approximation to the saddlepoint is justified and suggest a convenient solution. We illustrate with an approximate saddlepoint expansion of the Durbin-Watson test statistic.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Snow density and liquid water content measurements at sea ice ice stations during Polarstern cruise PS89 (ANT-XXX/2)

Measurements were obtained doing classical snow pits at every (snow-covered) ice station during PS89. Snow pits were taken once per ice station at a representative location of the floe. Measurments were done on an undisturbed shaded working wall of the snow pit. \nAdditional density and liquid water content measurements were performed with a Snow Fork (Toikka, Finland) twice per measuring level (only used for stations PS89/040-1, PS89/046-1, and PS89/050-1).

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplemental Figures S7 from The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S7. Supplemental Figures S7. Effects of JQ1 and OTX015 on BRD4 binding to MYD88 promoter region in DLBCL cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
2Integrated Intelligent Systems Japanese–Hungarian Laboratory,

Abstract: This paper presents a case study how to apply the recently proposed TP model transformation technique, that has been introduced for nonlinear state-feedback control design, to nonlinear observer design. The study is conducted through an example. This example treats the question of observer design to the pro-totypical aeroelastic wing section with structural nonlinearity. This type of model has been traditionally used for the theoretical as well as experimental analysis of two- dimensional aeroelastic behavior. The model investigated in the paper de-scribes the nonlinear plunge and pitch motion of a wing, and exhibits complex non-linear behavior. In preliminary works this prototypical aeroelastic wing section was stabilized by a state-feedback controller designed via TP model transformation and linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations are used to provide empirical val-idation of the resulting observer. 1

Topic: Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Segment Composition as a Factor in the Syllabification Errors of Second‐Language Speakers

A major goal of second‐language acquisition research is to identify factors that influence speaker/listener errors. This study focused on the markedness of L2 consonant characteristics as one such factor. Markedness theory has well served the search for performance constraints that go beyond native‐language interference. Its application to phonological errors in particular has been fertile ground for testing the claim that L2 errors reflect universal constraints on learning linguistic forms. Evidence for this claim has been sought more often from the syllabic structure of words than the properties of the speech sounds comprising it. Thus, given the universally favored CV syllable shape, L2 errors are expected to occur more often in the more marked syllable‐final than syllable‐initial word position. Our study revealed, however, that the markedness of the syllabic position can be neutralized by the type of consonant sounds that are perceived and produced: The expected rank ordering of initial and final consonant errors of Mandarin speakers of English did not conform to Anderson's (1987) hierarchy as predicted by a modified version of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis. These learners' syllable final/initial errors could be related to the consonant's manner and place of articulation, as well as to its voicing and sonority features as described in other studies; the greater vulnerability of their nasal than their oral stops to syllable position constraints implicates the markedness of the speech sounds themselves as a factor limiting performance. This study, then, adds to the growing body of evidence that L2 errors are differentially influenced by the inherent properties of the L2 speech sounds. The research focus on segmental sound properties becomes important in view of the fact that so much of the syllable structure research has focused on oral stops; our findings suggest that research on syllable structure constraints may not be generalized across sound classes. Furthermore, it is clear that multiple interacting factors must be taken into account in modeling L2 errors within a universal constraints framework.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Formulation and evaluation of taste mask pellets of granisetron hydrochloride as oro dispersible tablet

Orally disintegrating systems have carved a niche amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest compliance of the patients, especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to withstand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of granisetron hydrochloride. To mask the taste Kollicoat(r) Smartseal 30D was used as coating polymer for pellet coating. The coated pellets of the drug was directly compressed with different superdisintegrant as AC-Di-Sol, Explotab and Kollidon CL in different concentration 5.0-7.5% w/w into an ODT. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, wet absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets exhibited quick disintegration characteristics with Kollidon CL in concentration 7.5% w/w i.e., within 20 seconds, which is characteristic of orally disintegrating dosage forms. More than 98% of drug was released from the formulations within 15 minutes. Formulations subjected to stability testing as per the ICH guidelines for 3 months, indicated stability with no change in taste, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Thus, the results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated dosage forms in the oral cavity.

Topic: Infant Health and Development
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
THE READER'S AFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO NARRATIVE TEXT

Any discussion of pragmatics raises all of the critical, highly political field-defining and methodological issues in the recent history of linguistic theory. Or if it doesn't, it should. That history is alternately characterized by unrecognized theoretical assumptions determining the outcomes of empirical research, and theorizing innocent of empirical data. We do not try to correct these meta-theoretical problems here—Levinson (1983), and Leech (1983) summarize them nicely—though we do hope to operate from a consistent theoretical position, suggesting the direction such a correction might take. Some of our guiding questions: • What apparatus (we are reluctant to commit to its nature) do speakers bring to text-forming and text-interpreting situations? The question of pragmatic competence(s). • What is the nature of each of the components of this competence? The question of ontology—rules, conventions, strategies, heuristic procedures, and mutual knowledge: what's what? • What analytical methods and formal representations serve us best?

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Experience of morning reports in the emergency department

Abstract Morning report in the emergency medicine departments is an emerging teaching modality in the medicine curriculum. Our institution, H otel‐ D ieu de F rance hospital, a multidisciplinary tertiary care university hospital affiliated to the S aint J oseph U niversity of M edical S ciences, is the only hospital in Middle East to hold morning reports in the emergency department ( ED ). We evaluate the usefulness of the morning report as a pedagogic tool as it assesses the content, quality of the discussions, professionalism, leadership, participation and duration of the morning report. The particularity of this paper is that it takes into consideration the interns' input often under‐recognised in the studies. An anonymous questionnaire was diffused to the residents and interns that rotated in the ED during the previous year. It consisted of seven multiple‐choice questions to evaluate the quality of the presentations, targeted discussions, ethics and professionalism, evidence‐based medicine, clinical reasoning, relation of cases to discussions and implication of the ED physician. Overall, of the 63 patients who answered the survey, 65.1% were satisfied by the content. The majority considered the quality of the discussions acceptable and the leadership and participation satisfactory, professionalism was judged poor. Both residents and interns were satisfied of the teaching point of the morning reports. The only fail back observed was professionalism and pathophysiological discussions that require to be added to the sessions, whereas clinical management, teaching points, leadership and time management were completely satisfactory.

Topic: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Class III antiarrhythmic methanesulfonanilides inhibit leukocyte recruitment in zebrafish

Abstract Understanding fundamental molecular mechanisms that govern the transmigration and interstitial migration of leukocytes to sites of tissue damage and infection is of potential significance in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. CD31 is a mammalian cell adhesion molecule that regulates the recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation. Our recent unpublished work has suggested that homophilic ligation of CD31 can negatively regulate the ether-à-go-go-related gene (ERG) current within leukocytes to regulate cell-cell adhesion. To validate and probe the functional significance of ERG in leukocytes, we developed an infected wound model of inflammation in zebrafish and assessed the efficacy of two ERG-specific inhibitors, dofetilide and E4031, as well as an ERG-specific antisense RNA morpholino on neutrophil recruitment. Our data confirm a hitherto undescribed role for ERG in leukocytes, where inhibition or translational knockdown of ERG resulted in significant attenuation of the inflammatory response to an infectious stimulus. Inhibition of ERG was verified independently by a decrease in the ventricular heart rate, where ERG also functions in the repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Our results suggest that ERG-specific Class III antiarrhythmic drugs can modulate inflammatory responses to infection.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conserving nature power: an exploration of biodiversity offsetting in Europe and beyond

This dissertation draws on multi-sited fieldwork to understand the history and development of biodiversity offsetting in Europe and beyond. It situates offsetting as a social technology of governance in the management of resistance and dissent against corporate and state degradation and violence, and as an instrument to flexibilise restrictive legislation imposing limits to industrial expansion in Europe. 

I analyse offsetting through the lens of corporate and state power and violence, contextualising it in the dominant social economic order, exploring its role in the advancement of social control and accumulation, and in the invisibilisation and entrenchment of the epistemic, physical and slow violence(s) exercised against human and nonhuman nature, in the form of industrialism and extractivism, state control and policing of dissent. 

While a critical literature on offsetting now contributes to our understanding of the tensions, politics and value struggles around offsetting, it has tended to focus on the ‘novel’ commodification and marketisation aspects of offsetting. It frequently privileges structural explanations rooted in the expansionary market logic unleashed under neoliberal capitalism, while overlooking the long history of the ideology and practice of offsetting, deeply rooted in industrialism, domestication and exploitation of human and nonhuman nature, and the need for corporate and state legitimacy in the face of (increasingly visible) social and ecological degradation and ever-more apparent failures of the green economy. 

By situating offsetting historically and in its political economic context, this thesis demystifies and denaturalises abstract ideas of the ‘market’. It challenges the emerging hegemony of critical analyses of offsetting that often resort to marketisation and financialisation as explanatory devices and contributes to the theorisation of the ongoing transformation of neoliberal capitalism, statehood and corporate citizenship, as part of wider processes of reconfigurations of governance that are the product of the dialectical relationship between capitalism, the state, and its critics.

Topic: Environmental Conservation and Management
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evidence for Dilatory Resistance to Anthracnose in Sorghum

Dilatory resistance to Colletotrichum graminicola and the latent period of anthracnose were evaluated on 10 sorghum genotypes in isolated plots in the United States and Brazil. There was a great variation among sorghum cultivars in the United States, and a large, but smaller, range of dilatory resistance was recorded on the sorghum genotypes in Brazil. Values of area under the disease progress curves from both locations were highly correlated. The dilatory resistance expressed in both locations was highly correlated to the latent period measured under greenhouse conditions

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Forearm Substrate Utilization during Exercise after a Meal Containing Both Fat and Carbohydrate

1. Whilst the provision of exogenous carbohydrate has been shown to be beneficial to endurance exercise performance, little attention has been paid to the possibility of dietary manipulation of the availability of fat. 2. Ten normal subjects were studied on two occasions: after an overnight fast (postabsorptive state) and after a meal containing 80g of fat and 80g of carbohydrate (fed state). Forearm substrate exchange was studied during 60 min of isometric forearm exercise (5s contraction, 5s relaxation). 3. In the fed state concentrations of plasma triacylglycerol (1510 ± 150 versus 850 ± 80 μmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01), blood ketone bodies (151 ± 21 versus 80 ± 10 μmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and plasma insulin (17 ± 3 versus 7 ± 1 m-units/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01) were elevated compared with the postabsorptive state; plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different. 4. Forearm blood flow and O2 consumption each increased about 6-fold during exercise, with no differences between the two nutritional states. The potential contribution of individual substrates to forearm O2 consumption (a calculation which is independent of blood flow) was assessed: for triacylglycerol it was significantly greater in the fed state (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The sum of the potential contributions of triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and ketone bodies to forearm O2 consumption was significantly greater, both before and during exercise, in the fed than in the postabsorptive state (P &amp;lt; 0.05), implying the sparing of endogenous (forearm) fuels. 5. These studies highlight the potential for manipulation of substrate supply during exercise by feeding meals containing both carbohydrate and fat.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a well-defined complex of congenital malformations characterized by mental and growth retardation, broad thumbs, broad big toes, and typical face. A locus for a gene involved in the origin of RTS has been determined on chromosome 16 (16p13.3). RTS is caused by submicroscopic interstitial deletions within 16p13.3 in approximatively 25% of patients, using fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes.

Topic: Congenital limb and hand anomalies
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Why is Public Sociology on Shaky Ground?

Sociology has a long history of applying social theory and methods to the identification of the causes and consequences of social problems. Although several well-known sociologists have advocated for greater involvement in civic discourse, Public Sociology is often criticized for being unscientific. In this commentary article, the author defines Public Sociology as the production and application of theoretically grounded and empirically sound knowledge that facilitates social change. He concludes that Public Sociology is and has always been an important part of the discipline. By not embracing Public Sociology, along with Applied/Clinical, Policy, and Critical sociologies, the knowledge we produce will continue to be underutilized and irrelevant to those we seek to help.

Topic: Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring the exportin-1 inhibitors for COVID-19 and anticancer treatment

Nuclear export protein 1, also known as XPO1, plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and assists in the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. In addition, this nuclear export receptor is essential for the export of a variety of cargo molecules, such as proteins implicated in the immune response, tumor suppression, and cell cycle regulation. XPO1 has emerged as a promising target to disrupt the life cycles of multiple viruses and treat cancers. In our current work, we used a computational approach consisting of pharmacophore-assisted virtual screening complemented by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and solvation-based free-energy studies to identify new inhibitors of the XPO1 protein. The identified compounds displayed highly stable RMSD plots, hydrogen bonding interactions, and relatively good binding affinities in both docking and free energy studies. These molecules were validated <i>in vitro</i> against SARS-CoV-2 and cancer cell lines. The study identified novel inhibitors of the XPO1 protein with both antiviral and anticancer activities.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Performance evaluation of wireless sensor network for spatial and aeronautic systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) has been proposed for physical layer standard for high speed wireless personal area networks (WPAN). It has emerged as cost effective and reliable alternative to traditional wireless technologies in WPANs. This paper describes low complexity high data rate Ultra-wideband system based on Wimedia communication protocol. It intends to evaluate the performance of Wimedia-UWB wireless networks communication for spatial and aeronautic systems. The paper suggests a simulation model using NS-2 simulator to assess the feasibility of such networks and analyses it performance by providing high data-rate wireless communication. Experimentations results are done using Wimedia-UWB toolkit to reproduce theses simulations conditions on Airbus wings and EADS-ASTRIUM satellite. A simulation result shows the importance of the simulation approach to illustrate the satisfaction of the communication performance requirements and helps to reproduce simulation conditions in Hardware Test-Beds. Measurements prove the possibility of using such new approaches in aerospace industry.

Topic: Network Time Synchronization Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CONCEPTUALIZING DRIVERS OF POLICY CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FOOD SECURITY: THE KALEIDOSCOPE MODEL

The current emphasis in the development community on demonstrating policy impact requires a better understanding of national policymaking processes to recognize opportunities for, and limits to, generating policy change. Consequently, this paper introduces an applied framework, named the kaleidoscope model, to analyze drivers of change in the food security arena, with a specific emphasis on agriculture and nutrition policies. Focusing on five key elements of the policy cycle—agenda setting, design, adoption, implementation, and evaluation and reform—the model identifies key variables that define the necessary and sufficient conditions for policy change to occur. These variables were inductively derived through an extensive review of the secondary literature on episodes of policy change in developing countries across a broad range of policy domains related to food security, including agriculture, education, healthcare, nutrition, and social protection.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Fig. S4 from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources.

(a), wood block after 2 days; clay layer is scraped off; (b), wooden block after 6 days: the arrows indicate nibbling activity (grazing) of the termites; (c) after about 18 days the termites removed significant amounts of wood, leaving trenches at all sides (d) as well as starting to eat along the grain (e); (f), after 22 days the wood was reduced already significantly jointing the trenches and holes.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences