jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sub-pixel response of double-SOI pixel sensors for X-ray astronomy

We have been developing the X-ray silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel sensor called XRPIX for future astrophysical satellites. XRPIX is a monolithic active pixel sensor consisting of a high-resistivity Si sensor, thin SiO$_2$ insulator, and CMOS pixel circuits that utilize SOI technology. Since XRPIX is capable of event-driven readouts, it can achieve high timing resolution greater than $\sim 10{\rm ~\mu s}$, which enables low background observation by adopting the anti-coincidence technique. One of the major issues in the development of XRPIX is the electrical interference between the sensor layer and circuit layer, which causes nonuniform detection efficiency at the pixel boundaries. In order to reduce the interference, we introduce a Double-SOI (D-SOI) structure, in which a thin Si layer (middle Si) is added to the insulator layer of the SOI structure. In this structure, the middle Si layer works as an electrical shield to decouple the sensor layer and circuit layer. We measured the detector response of the XRPIX with D-SOI structure at KEK. We irradiated the X-ray beam collimated with $4{\rm ~\mu m\phi}$ pinhole, and scanned the device with $6{\rm ~\mu m}$ pitch, which is 1/6 of the pixel size. In this paper, we present the improvement in the uniformity of the detection efficiency in D-SOI sensors, and discuss the detailed X-ray response and its physical origins.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluating Extension Programs

Is program evaluation just a “necessary evil” for Extension program implementation? Or, rather, an opportunity to identify and document accomplishments and discover ways to strengthen the impact of programs? This 5-page fact sheet defines evaluation, explains why evaluation is important to Extension programming beyond accountability requirements, describes how UF/IFAS Extension agents are currently evaluating their programs, and makes suggestions for future evaluation efforts that will showcase the value of Extension programming to the public. Written by Alexa J. Lamm, Glenn D. Israel, David Diehl, and Amy Harder and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, May 2011.

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The New Stapler Device Is Good, But Needs More Evaluation

enced one anastomosis leakage in patients with rectosigmoid colon cancer.The compression anastomosis technique needs more large-scale clinical studies and more data on rectal cancer surgery before it will be accepted.A bad workman finds fault with his tools.For good gastrointestinal anastomosis, strict adherence to operative principles may be more important than the type of surgical device used.These principles include adequate exposure of the surgical field, the use of well-vascularized tissue, absence of tension, no fecal contamination, watertight closure, mucosal apposition and meticulous technique [5].

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Residential College Student Activities Management System(RCSAMS)

The title of the project IS Residential College Students Activities Management System (RCSAMS). This system mainly about having a system development of helping students in having an organized system to make cafe complaints, room defect complaints and meeting room booking. All these are under residential college students activities. The problem of current system is that they are having or doing it manually. With large amount of data, the probability of making mistakes is higher, the data might loss, consume a lot of time, space, and money. Students are busy with classes everyday on office hours, so it will be a little bit time wasting to go to the residential office only for complaints or booking. Sometimes they need to do it because it is urgent. If one meeting room in certain residential village is already occupied, the students need to go to another residential village only for booking. The scope of study includes on research on current system that being used by University Technology Petronas Residential College (UTPRC) management. It also includes the advantages and disadvantages of having the current manual system and the impact of having the system online. Research also includes possible tools that will be used in developing the system, the database, progranJming language and user acceptance of the system. This is done during FYP 1. During FYP 2, the development of the system will be started. The methodology used for the system is Prototyping based development from the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Other than that, the author used the method of interviewing the RC staffs besides conducting a survey for the students. This is to see how important and relevant the system is towards the students. The surveys had been analyzed and attained encouraging result towards the system itself. The sample of survey conducted limited to thirty (30) students with few related questionnaires. Twenty- six (26) out of thirty (30) students agreed that the system needs to be developed.

Topic: Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Agent-Based Middleware for Advanced Communication Services in a Ubiquitous Computing Environment

In a ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) environment, system components of different types, including hardware elements, software components, and network connections, must cooperate mutually to provide services that fulfill user requirements. Consequently, advanced and flexible characteristics of software that are specialized for a ubicomp environment are needed. This article presents a proposal of an agent-based middleware for a ubicomp environment comprising computers and home electric appliances. The middleware, called AMUSE, can take quality of service (QoS) in a ubicomp environment into consideration by coping not only with user context but also with the resource context, using agent-based computing technology. Herein, we describe the concept, design, and initial implementation of AMUSE. Simulation results of an experimental ubiquitous service using AMUSE demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Additionally, to confirm our scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness, we describe the initial implementation of a multimedia communication application based on AMUSE.

Topic: Mobile Agent-Based Network Management
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic optimisation for a stochastic model for opportunistic maintenance planning of offshore wind farms

The cost incurred from operations and maintenance activity for offshore wind turbines contributes significantly to the overall lifecycle cost for offshore wind farms. This work addresses the issue of identifying a near-optimal schedule for the planning of operations and maintenance activity for the turbines in an offshore wind farm. Significant cost savings can be realized by scheduling maintenance tasks at times of predicted low power production. This research implements a rolling horizon stochastic model and applies meta-heuristic optimization techniques to identify a near-optimal schedule for the opportunistic maintenance of wind farms. Empirical evaluation of the proposed approach produces schedules that achieve a cost saving in the range of 13-21% over standard techniques.

Topic: Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disability Theology Despite Itself

This article examines the biography, literature, and religious thought of Shi Tiesheng (1951–2010), arguably the most influential author with a disability in contemporary China. Using the definition of “theology” in its broad sense, it argues that Shi has developed a kind of disability theology through his non-fiction and fictional works, though he never claimed to be a theologian or saw his works as theological. This theology borrows terms and ideas from Christianity, but also follows the syncretic tradition of Chinese religions. In contemporary China, where religions have been marginalized, religious vocabulary and contemplation helped Shi break free of the narrative assigned to people with disabilities by the atheist state.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Explaining the “How” of Self-Esteem Development: The Self-Organizing Self-Esteem Model

The current article proposes a theoretical model of self-esteem called the Self-Organizing Self-Esteem (SOSE) model. The model provides an integrative framework for conceptualizing and understanding the intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem and the role of the context across 3 levels of development: The macro level, which is the level of trait self-esteem, the meso level, on which we find state self-esteem, and the micro level, which is the level of discrete self experiences. The model applies principles from the complex dynamics systems perspective to self-esteem, and can thus uniquely describe the underlying mechanism of self-esteem development based on self-organizational processes and interacting time scales. We compare the proposed SOSE model with a formalized account of the traditional approach to self-esteem, showing that the SOSE model is especially conducive to the understanding of self-esteem development in a way that the traditional approach is not—namely, in its ability to explain and predict the underlying dynamics of trait and state self-esteem, the meaning of variability, and the role of the context.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential for cost savings with pharmacy intern‐led inpatient clinical services

Abstract Introduction Paid clinical pharmacy internships serve important roles for pharmacy students, health systems, and pharmacy departments. The Denver Health Medical Center Pharmacy Internship program incorporates progressive clinical responsibilities for advancing pharmacy students. Cost savings associated with clinical pharmacy interns have not been well studied. Objectives This study describes the potential cost savings of intern‐led clinical services and provides a rationale for medical centers to expand clinical roles for pharmacy interns. Methods This single center retrospective review of pharmacy intern clinical activities evaluated pharmacy intern‐initiated interventions between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018. After completing 2 years of pharmacy operations focused training, third year pharmacy interns were trained to provide numerous clinical interventions under the supervision of staff pharmacists. Interventions and their associated cost savings were documented using standardized templates and predetermined default settings available in the electronic medical record after standard procedures used by clinical staff pharmacists. Labor costs were determined form payroll records for paid interns during the study period. Net cost‐benefits were determined by subtracting aggregated cost savings of clinical interventions from labor costs for employed interns during the same time period. Results Five interns documented 336 interventions totaling $94 681 (mean $281.79) in associated cost savings. Sixty‐six percent of interventions were identified as high clinical significance by the department. The labor costs for the five interns totaled $7332.40 equating to an hourly cost savings of $193.00 for each hour of paid intern time. The average time to complete an intervention was 20 minutes. The most frequently documented interventions were providing anticoagulation therapeutic drug monitoring (67.3%) and antimicrobial stewardship interventions (21.4%). Conclusions During the study period, clinical interns generated a greater cost savings for the institution than the labor cost associated with their paid time. This study supports the expanded role of pharmacy interns to include clinical activities.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DENTAL CARIES SITUATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HUONGTRA DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

SUMMARY Dental caries are a common disease in Viet Nam and all over the world. It affects aesthetics as well as the function of mastication. If the caries are not treated properly, it can cause dangerous complications. Today, dental caries prevention is effectely implentmented in many developed countries. Meanwhile, the dental caries prevalence in developing countries is very high because of the inadequacy of prevention measures. In Viet Nam, the national oral health survey in 2002 shows that the dental caries prevalence in different ages are: 83.7% in 6; 56.6% in 12; 67% in 15; 75 – 89.7% in adults. The study aims at identify the dental caries prevalence of secondary school students in Huong Tra district in 2009 and study some factors relating to dental caries. The Cross – sectional descriptive study in the secondary school students in Huong Tra district, 2009 was conducted. A stratified cluster sample was used in this study. There were 663 students participating in this study, who were divided into 2 groups: one living in the town, the other living in communes. The study showed that the dental caries prevalence was 84.6 % in secondary school students, the mean of DMF and DMFS were 3,00 and 5,06; the oral hygiene situation and living places were factors relating to dental carie;, and there was not a significant relationship between dental caries and the following factors: age, sex, ages of parents, number of children in the family, water source, knowledge and practice of oral health care.

Topic: Dental Health and Care Utilization
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiple Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Active Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patient: Long Term Therapeutic Outcomes.

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease. One of the challenges in the treatment of MS is how to overcome relapses without severe adverse effects. Due to their immunoregulatory properties and safety, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), present a potential alternative for treatment for MS. Objectives: The efficacy and safety of a long-term MSCs therapy in MS remain to be established. In this communication, we report the clinical condition and disease progression of an MS patient treated for 11 years, with multiple infusions of MSCs derived from either his bone marrow (BM), pooled human umbilical cords (UC), or from his own child umbilical cord. Methods: A male patient diagnosed as progressive MS (EDSS score 3) was enrolled into our study and received 1×10 6 cells/kg of MSCs, at least once a year for 9 years. Results: The MSCs treatment was well tolerated with no significant side effects. Following the transplantation of MSCs, the overall EDSS scores of the patient decreased over the 10 years period of observation. MRI investigation did not reveal any new lesions. However, upon the cessation of the MSCs treatment, the EDSS score increased from 1.0 to 3.5, further supporting the notion that in such a patient, the transplantation of MSCs, had a significant beneficial effect. Conclusions: This case study is the first to report on the beneficial effects of multiple infusions of BM- and UC-MSCs in a progressive MS patient, over a period of 11 years, in absence of any other treatments. Hence, multiple infusions of MSCs may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with aggressive MS.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Placebo Effects on the Enjoyment of Physical Activity and Performance among Kindergarten Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Studies with adults and school children have shown that placebos can enhance motivation and performance in physical activities. This study aimed to investigate whether similar effects are present in kindergarten-aged children. A total of 101 children (58 girls, 43 boys) aged 3 to 6 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups that either received a deceptive placebo (DP: “magic potion”) or a nondeceptive placebo (NDP: “water”) to enhance physical abilities. Each child completed three tasks (sprinting; balancing: standing on a balance board; strength: using a handheld dynamometer) both with and without the placebo. The variables assessed included task performance, enjoyment, and expected and perceived placebo efficacy (measured with nonverbal pictorial rating scales). Results showed that both the DP and NDP increased speed. For strength, balance, and task enjoyment (which was very high), no placebo-induced changes were observed. Expected efficacy was higher for the DP; perceived efficacy did not differ between DP and NDP. In conclusion, reported outcome expectations indicated that kindergarten-aged children were already able to differentiate between the two types of placebos which exhibited positive effects concerning running performance. This encourages further research on using nondeceptive placebos to enhance physical activity, which is crucial for children’s overall health.

Topic: Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF ECCENTRICITY OF STIFFENERS ON THE GENERAL INSTABILITY OF STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER TORSION,

A method of analysis of eccentrically stiffened cylindrical shells, developed earlier, is applied to buckling under torsion. In the calculations about 350 shells covering a wide range of shell and stiffener geometries have been considered. It is found that for long cylinders rings are the important stiffeners, and internal rings stiffen more than external rings. For short cylinders the effect is inverted, external rings yielding higher critical loads than internal rings. Stringers have little effect in long cylinders, but in short cylinders they stiffen the shell against buckling in torsion as much as rings. Outside stringers always stiffen the shell more than inside stringers. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Water Availability in the Aral Sea Basin: Derivation of Fractional Vegetation Covers from Multi-scale Remote Sensing Data for Hydrological Modeling in Central Asia

As Central Asia faces various water-related problems, a sustainable and transnational water management is needed, in particular for the regions specialized in the production of water-intensive crops, such as cotton. Regional hydrological models can provide an insight into water cycles and projections of the water availability under changing climatic conditions. Land cover information that describes the vegetation cover provides important input for the parameterization of such hydrologic models. Thereby, mostly rather rough and discrete land cover classes are used. However the percentage cover of woody and herbaceous life forms as well as bare soil fractions would meet this high information requirement, e.g. for the calculation of infiltration rates, better. The aim of this study is therefore to describe in detail the small-scale vegetation patterns of a high mountain ecosystem in Central Asia.&#13;\nFor mapping fractions of vegetation cover, multi-scale remote sensing data is analyzed in conjunction with vegetation field data. Vegetation data was collected on a training site in the upper reaches of the Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan, providing water for the upper Syr Darya and the Fergana valley. The ground truth samples were used in a hybrid classification scheme applied to spatially very high resolution (0.6 m) satellite data, a QuickBird scene of 80 km2. The areas covered by woody vegetation are thereby detected as objects after a segmentation process. The open areas with varying fractions of herbaceous vegetation and bare soil are classified with the Maximum Likelihood algorithm to record this heterogeneity on a pixel base. A map for each single cover type is derived from this classification. By aggregating the results to the Landsat TM spatial resolution of 30 m, continuous cover fractions for each cover type are gained. Using the regression tree ensemble method „random forest‟, this land cover fraction information is extrapolated to the whole 180 x 190 km2 area of the Landsat TM tile. The resulting land cover product is validated with reference pixels from the QuickBird classification. The accuracy of the maps is between 85 and 92 % for the various cover types. The continuous cover fractions of woody, herbaceous and uncovered soil can be used as detailed input parameters for hydrological modeling. Besides modeling, the continuous cover can be applied for biodiversity research or vegetation pattern analysis and therefore on erosion risk assessment in mountainous areas, as it is shown in the last chapter of this thesis.

Topic: Transboundary Water Resource Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Intercultural Relations in a Multicultural Society: Predicting Tongans' Attitudes toward Maori and New Zealand Europeans/Palangi Groups

&lt;p&gt;Contemporary intergroup relations and perceptions research has largely focused on majorities' perspectives while neglecting the perspectives of minorities. However, for a multicultural society to be successful, mutually positive intergroup attitudes are important, and multiple perspectives need to be considered. This research drew on Ward and Masgoret's (2006) Integrative Model (IM) of attitudes toward immigrants to examine contact, threat (realistic and symbolic), and intergroup emotions (anger and fear) as predictors of Tongans' attitudes toward New Zealand Europeans/Palangi people and Maori. It also tested: 1) the effects of perceived discrimination to determine if this explained additional variance in out-group attitudes beyond that accounted for by contact, threat and emotions; and 2) target group (Palangi/Maori) as a moderator of the predictor variables. Two hundred and forty-four Tongans (age range 15-83 years) resident in New Zealand participated in the study. In line with the hypotheses, hierarchical regression analysis controlling for age, gender, educational level, English language proficiency and employment status indicated that greater contact and lower levels of symbolic threat predicted positive out-group attitudes and fear predicted negative attitudes. Furthermore, the addition of perceived discrimination to the regression model significantly accounted for additional variance in out-group attitudes and appeared to mediate the effect of fear, which was no longer significant. Contrary to expectations, however, these effects were not moderated by out-group (Palangi/Maori) target. The findings are discussed in relation to New Zealand's social, economic and political context. In addition, the contributions offered by a minority perspective on intergroup relations are elaborated, and the applications of the findings are described along with recommendations for future research. In the end, understanding minorities' perspectives is crucial for promoting positive intergroup relations in New Zealand as well as in other multicultural societies particularly those with long histories of cultural plurality and prolonged intercultural conflicts.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences