jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Survival of Trypanosoma brucei in the Tsetse Fly Is Enhanced by the Expression of Specific Forms of Procyclin

African trypanosomes are not passively transmitted, but they undergo several rounds of differentiation and proliferation within their intermediate host, the tsetse fly. At each stage, the survival and successful replication of the parasites improve their chances of continuing the life cycle, but little is known about specific molecules that contribute to these processes. Procyclins are the major surface glycoproteins of the insect forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Six genes encode proteins with extensive glutamic acid–proline dipeptide repeats (EP in the single-letter amino acid code), and two genes encode proteins with an internal pentapeptide repeat (GPEET). To study the function of procyclins, we have generated mutants that have no EP genes and only one copy of GPEET. This last gene could not be replaced by EP procyclins, and could only be deleted once a second GPEET copy was introduced into another locus. The EP knockouts are morphologically indistinguishable from the parental strain, but their ability to establish a heavy infection in the insect midgut is severely compromised; this phenotype can be reversed by the reintroduction of a single, highly expressed EP gene. These results suggest that the two types of procyclin have different roles, and that the EP form, while not required in culture, is important for survival in the fly.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Orbital Epidermoid Cysts: A Diagnosis to Consider

Background . Orbital epidermoids form a rare pathological entity that is separate from dermoid cysts. They have variable clinical and radiological presentations and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic lesions. This work describes the various clinical and radiological presentations of 17 cases of epidermoid cysts and the surgical outcome. Method . A prospective interventional study was conducted on 17 patients diagnosed with epidermoid cysts. Patients’ symptoms and signs were recorded; CT scan was done for all patients. All lesions were removed through anterior orbitotomy and histopathological diagnosis confirmed. Results . Mean age of patients was 16.3 years<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo>± </mml:mo><mml:mn>10.54</mml:mn></mml:math>. Main complaints were lid swelling, masses, ocular dissimilarity, chronic pain, and ocular protrusion. Clinical signs varied from lid swelling and masses in all cases to proptosis, globe displacement, limitation of ocular motility, and scars. Radiological findings ranged from homogenous hypodense masses (58.8%) to homogenous radiolucent (17.6%) and heterogenous masses (23.5%). No recurrences following surgeries were reported throughout the follow-up (mean 18.8 months<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo>± </mml:mo><mml:mn>0.72</mml:mn></mml:math>). Conclusion . Deep orbital epidemoid cysts are a separate entity that can behave like deep orbital epidermoid; however, they usually present at a relatively older age. They can be associated with increased orbital volume but not necessarily related to bony sutures.

Topic: Teratomas and Epidermoid Cysts
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Experimental study in Japanese monkeys with Helicobacter pylori infection].

Japanese monkeys were studied for one month from 6 months (short-term) after inoculation of Helicobacter pylori, and two years (long-term). In the short-term study, macroscopic and histological gastritis were observed for 5 infected monkeys. The gastritis score, the ammonia concentration in the gastric secretion and the level of serum antibody (IgG) were higher for the infected group than for the control. In the long term study, H. pylori was always recovered for 2 years in the infected group, and the gastritis score was higher than the control. The intracellular periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive substances in the infected group decreased than that of the control. The tall of pyloric gland in the infected group was significantly decreased on 6 months from 1.5 years. These results suggest that the Japanese monkey can be used as experimental model of H. pylori infection and that H. pylori can induce chronic active gastritis similar to human.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investment portfolio balancing: application of a generic self‐organizing fuzzy neural network (GenSoFNN)

Abstract In contrast to short‐term stock trading, portfolio managers are interested in the medium‐ to long‐term peaks and troughs of the stock price cycles as signals to balance their stock portfolios – the predicted trough is the signal to buy the stock and the predicted peak is the signal to sell the stock. As statistical models are generally inadequate or incapable of providing such portfolio balancing signals, we propose using the generic self‐organizing fuzzy neural network (GenSoFNN)—a fuzzy neural system – as a tool for portfolio balancing. The network adopts the supervised learning approach to detect inflection points in the stock price cycles, and a modified locally weighted regression algorithm is employed to smooth the stock cycles. The GenSoFNN‐based portfolio balancing system was evaluated with experiments conducted using 23 stocks from the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and the results showed an average profit return of 65.66%. The contributions of the proposed GenSoFNN intelligent portfolio balancing system are twofold: it can be used as an efficient trading solution and it can provide decision support in trading via its generated rules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“Do You Know What It Means To Miss New Orleans?” The use of popular music after Hurricane Katrina

This single-case study explores the use of popular music in response to the destruction of New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina in August, 2005. Using research in sociology of disaster and uses and gratifications theory in mass communication, data collected included original music written in response to the hurricane, major benefit concerts that aired in the wake, and re-appropriated music that developed new meaning when used in conjunction to the case. Analysis yielded that popular music was used to raise awareness, raise funds, and express emotion following the disaster. Common themes throughout include the impact of genre on how this was accomplished and the messages it yielded, the power of collective effervescence, and the importance of space and place when dealing with tragedy through music.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SH1872413.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Table S1 from High-Throughput Peptide Arrays Identify Potential Diagnostic Autoantibody Signatures in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma

&lt;p&gt;Corresponding abbreviated number for differential peptides probes in correlation plot.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Unique Light-Harvesting System of the Algal Phycobilisome: Structure, Assembly Components, and Functions

The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting apparatus in cyanobacteria and red algae. It is a large multi-subunit protein complex of several megadaltons that is found on the stromal side of thylakoid membranes in orderly arrays. Chromophore lyases catalyse the thioether bond between apoproteins and phycobilins of PBSs. Depending on the species, composition, spatial assembly, and, especially, the functional tuning of different phycobiliproteins mediated by linker proteins, PBSs can absorb light between 450 and 650 nm, making them efficient and versatile light-harvesting systems. However, basic research and technological innovations are needed, not only to understand their role in photosynthesis but also to realise the potential applications of PBSs. Crucial components including phycobiliproteins, phycobilins, and lyases together make the PBS an efficient light-harvesting system, and these provide a scheme to explore the heterologous synthesis of PBS. Focusing on these topics, this review describes the essential components needed for PBS assembly, the functional basis of PBS photosynthesis, and the applications of phycobiliproteins. Moreover, key technical challenges for heterologous biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins in chassis cells are discussed.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Use of Arm Span as Proxy Indicator of Stature- An Anthropometric Study in Western U.P

Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb are very common as observed in many cadaveric and angiographic studies. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the radial artery is important because they are used for many diagnostic procedures as well as vascular and reconstructive surgeries like coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. During routine dissection in our institute, we observed a case of high origin of the radial artery in a 33 year old male cadaver. It was found to be unilateral; on left side, radial artery was taking origin from 3 rd part of the axillary artery at the lower border of pectoralis minor before the origin of subscapular artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery. It had a superficial course in the arm crossing the median nerve from medial to lateral side. The further course of this superficial radial artery in the forearm was normal and it terminated by forming a deep Palmar arch in hand. These variations may be of great clinical implications for vascular and plastic surgeons and radiologists. Superficial course of radial artery makes it vulnerable to accidental injuries and elevates the risk of bleeding.

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
eCommerce Market Convergence in Action: Social Casinos and Real Money Gambling

The social casino and real money gambling industries, including gambling at online and live venues (such as casino resorts), are quickly converging (H2 Gambling Capital & Odobo, 2013). Differences in demographics and gambling behaviors for different frequencies of social casino participation among real money online gamblers are examined to explore customer behaviors between the two markets. Frequency of play in social casino games varied depending on gender and education, similar to patterns in real money gambling. Players who participated more frequently in social casino games were also more likely to spend more time participating in real money online gambling, suggested to be due to increased familiarity with the games. Findings provide consumer insight for online gambling and social casino companies working toward convergence of the two game types, including implications for target markets for crossover play, loyalty programs, and corporate social responsibility.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Late latent syphilis accompanied by ocular syphilis in a geriatric patient: a case report

Background: Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse. However, late latent syphilis accompanied by ocular syphilis in geriatric patients is quite seldom. This study aims to determine a case report regarding late latent syphilis accompanied by ocular syphilis in a geriatric patient.Case Description: A 75 years old man, was consulted from the Ophthalmology Department to the Dermatology and Venereology Department with suspect syphilis. Patient came with a chief complaint of blurred vision in the right eye since 2 weeks ago, which is getting worse since 4 days ago. The laboratory results of complete blood routine, renal function tests, liver function tests, blood sugar levels are within normal limits. The titer result of VDRL was 1:16 and TPHA was 1: 160. Based on anamnesis, physical and laboratory examination, the patient was diagnosed with late latent syphilis and ocular syphilis. The patient was given three weekly interval dose of Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million international units intramuscularly.Conclusion: One-month follow-up after the treatment, the patient's condition improved. Blurred vision in the right eye was reduced. There are no complaints of headache and hearing loss.

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficient Repair of Polluted Machine Learning Systems via Causal Unlearning

Machine learning systems, though being successful in many real-world applications, are known to remain prone to errors and attacks. A major attack, called data pollution, injects maliciously crafted training data samples into the training set, causing the system to learn an incorrect model and subsequently misclassify testing samples. A natural solution to a data pollution attack is to remove the polluted data from the training set and relearn a clean model. Unfortunately, the training set of a real-world machine learning system can contain millions of samples; it is thus hopeless for an administrator to manually inspect all of them to weed out the polluted ones.

Topic: Machine Learning and Data Classification
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energy Performance Assessment of the High Insulated Panels Green Home

More recently, studies on the building energy reduction technology are actively in progress. However, total energy performance assessment is still insufficient. This study analyzed the performance of developed element technologies with monitoring system. Also, it analyzed the effects of convergence application regarding the constructed test bed building for the performance demonstration test. According to results of energy usage analysis, it is assumed that the insulation effect of the HIP (high insulated panels) green home is remarkable.

Topic: Energy and Environmental Systems
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ibsen in Production

After his break with the theatre in the early 1860s, Ibsen rarely went to see any of his plays in production. He did, however, take a lively interest in the casting and staging of his plays in Christiania and was particularly keen that his work should be performed regularly by Scandinavia's most prestigious theatre, The Theatre Royal in Copenhagen. His letters to the Christiania Theatre contain a number of revealing insights into the way he envisaged a particular role being played and into the overall tone, pace and mood he wanted the actors to achieve in production. A few representative examples must suffice here.1

Topic: Cultural Studies and Interdisciplinary Research
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Putin, Popular Protests, and Political Trajectories in Russia: A Comparative Perspective

During December 2011, large-scale, anti-regime protests erupted across Russia. What do the Russian uprisings reveal about popular challenges to authoritarian rule and the political trajectory of contemporary Russian authoritarianism? This study identifies two models of citizen mobilization against authoritarian leaders, one focusing on street-based protests and the other using elections as the key arena for launching popular challenges. Three factors encouraging both models are analyzed: declining public support for the regime; growing evidence that leaders are no longer invincible; and changing political opportunities for the opposition. The extent to which these conditions are present in Russia and what this ledger suggests about plausible political trajectories there are evaluated.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Flourishing of Islamic Reformism in Iran. Political Islamic Groups in Iran (1941-1961) * BY SEYED MOHAMMAD ALI TAGHAVI

The 1940s and 1950s in Iran were the main formative period of Islamic thought on Islam and modernity, and on the need for reform in Iran. At this time a variety of perspectives, either more or less orthodox, and affiliated to different political views and social groups began to take shape, and so Islamist ideologies emerged. This book discusses three groups which appeared at that time: the Society of Socialist Theists, who sought to construct a socialist version of Islamism; the Iran Freedom Movement, whose objective was to reconcile Islam with liberal democracy; and the Society of the Devotees of Islam, a militant organization influenced by the Salafiyya movement, who sought a purely Islamist way forward. Taghavi argues that they were fundamentalist, a problematic term, which is nevertheless gaining common currency to describe supporters of an Islamic state. Taghavi, however, calls this view ‘traditionalist’, which, given their Salafiyya origins, is...

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
St. Louis encephalitis virus infection of a mosquito vector

The course of arbovirus infections in the arthropods necessary for their transmission in nature has been studied extensively, but in only a few instances at the ultrastructural level. In the present study a model system was established for the infection of Culex mosquitoes with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus (arbovirus group B ), the most important mosquito-bome disease in the United States. Results were compared with those of a previous study of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (arbovirus group A) in Aedes mosquitoes (this Proceedings, 1969, pp. 378-379) since differences in sites of maturation in mammalian cells have been found between the two groups. Culex pipiens mosquitoes were infected by feeding upon suckling mice infected with SLE virus (plasma viremia titer 10 5.4 SMLD 50 /ml). Mosquitoes were then held at 27°C; they were tested for capacity to transmit virus via bite, and specimens of salivary glands and other organs were collected at 18 intervals during 32 days.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrical Improvements of MOCVD-TiO[sub 2] on (NH[sub 4])[sub 2]S[sub x]-Treated InP with Postmetallization Annealing

The electrical characteristics of titanium dioxide films grown on p-type indium phosphide substrate by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were studied. For indium phosphide with ammonium sulfide treatment, the electrical characteristics are improved due to the reduction of interface state density. The electrical characteristics can be further improved by postmetallization annealing. The hydrogen from the postmetallization annealing process can passivate the defects and the grain boundaries of polycrystalline film. The leakage current densities can reach 2.7 and under positive and negative electric fields at , respectively. The dielectric constant and effective oxide charges are 46 and , respectively. The interface state density is at the energy of from the edge of valence band.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Minimizing energy consumption of accelerators and storage ring facilities

The discussion of energy usage falls naturally into three parts. The first is a review of what the problem is, the second is a description of steps that can be taken to conserve energy at existing facilities, and the third is a review of the implications of energy consumption on future facilities.

Topic: Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Built-in Bicycle Rack for Cars

Transporting a bicycle after riding somewhere and then needing to be pickup can be problematic. Bicycles will not fit in most vehicles without removing components. There is also the risk of damaging the inside of the vehicle. Expecting everyone to have a bike rack for their vehicle is unrealistic because the bike rack could be considered unappealing visually, take up to much space in the trunk, or limit the vehicle owner’s access to the trunk. The solution to this problem is a bike rack that mounts onto your car and then mounts your bike onto the rack. Most people don’t drive around with a bike rack connected to their vehicle, it’s unappealing and they are unable to use their trunks due to the bicycle rack being too big and bulky to carry around while you’re riding your bike. A bicycle rack was designed to fits inside the bicycle frame and unfolds to attach to the vehicles trunk for transportation. The designed rack has three arms that fold inside the frame, two arms on the top of the frame that rotate out, and one arm on the bottom that folds down in the shape of a T. The rack also has six straps two on the top bar, two straps on the bottom, and one on the both sides left and right. After analysis of the weight of the bike and the length of the arms, the thickness required was calculated, for the arms to support the weight of the bike.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences