jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of food lipids in cold adaptation of Bacillus cereus in absence of oxygen

Production of heat resistant spores combined with the ability of some strains to grow at temperatures of refrigeration, makes B. cereus a hazard in cooked chilled foods. Cooked chilled foods are mostly packaged anaerobically to reduce oxidative spoilage. In air, B. cereus adapts its membrane to cold through fatty acids desaturation, which is not possible in absence of oxygen.The impact of absence of oxygen on growth of B. cereus at low temperature, and the potential role of food lipids was studied.Bacillus cereus was grown in cooked spinach and in synthetic media with spinach extracts. B. cereus lipids were extracted and characterized.Anaerobiosis inhibited growth of Bacillus cereus at low temperatures in synthetic medium but not in cooked spinach. Adding a lipid extract of cooked spinach to the synthetic medium restored growth of B. cereus, whereas an aqueous extract had no such effect. The lipid extract of spinach contained a high proportion of unsaturated, low melting point fatty acids, which were presumably integrated in B. cereus membrane, increased its fluidity, and permitted B. cereus growth at low temperature. When added to the synthetic medium, triglycerides and various phospholipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids restored growth of B. cereus at cold and anaerobiosis, but not free unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing only saturated fatty acids. In the case of phospholipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as soy lecithin, 25 µg ml-1 in the growth medium were sufficient to observe an effect, and 125 µg ml-1 were sufficient for the maximal effect. Lipids from B. cereus membranes grown at low temperature anaerobically in presence of soy lecithin, were at least as fluid as those from membranes of B. cereus grown aerobically. Triglycerides were integrated unmodified in B. cereus membranes, whereas phospholipids were integrated in diverse ways, mostly as diacylglycerol. Presence of these very unusual lipids in its membrane did not prevent multiplication of B. cereus, but may explain the distorted morphology of the cells observed under electronic transmission microscopy. Ability of B. cereus to grow at cold temperatures in absence of oxygen depends on the presence of lipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Lipids are widespread in foods and should not be overlooked when predicting the response of pathogenic bacteria to stress conditions.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vloga vitamina D v preventivi osteoporoze : diplomsko delo

Uvod: Vitamin D je poznan kot hranilo in hormon; je v mascobi topen vitamin, ki skrbi za razvoj imunskega sistema in kosti. V zadnjem casu se veliko poroca o pomanjkanju vitamina D, kar predstavlja velik javnozdravstveni problem. Zmanjsan nos vitamina D vpliva na vecjo pojavnost srcno-žilnih bolezni, rakavih obolenj, avtoimunskih bolezni in drugih. Poleg nastetega pa je hipovitaminoza D povezana tudi s pojavnostjo osteoporoze, ki je sistemska kostna bolezen, za katero je znacilna nižja kostna gostota. Namen: S tem pregledom literature smo želeli predstaviti vitamin D in njegovo delovanje. Želeli smo predstaviti osteoporozo in pojasniti, kaksen je vpliv vitamina D na pojavnost osteoporoze. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Narejen je pregled slovenske in tuje literature. Uporabljena literatura se navezuje na vitamin D, osteoporozo in na njuno povezavo. Uporabljena literatura je bila objavljena med letoma 2007 in 2019. Iskana je bila v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in Science Direct. Nekaj virov je tudi iz digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. Razprava in zakljucek: Vitamin D izboljsa imunski sistem, vpliva na pocutje in pojavnost srcno-žilnih bolezni, rakavih obolenj, avtoimunskih bolezni, osteoporoze in drugih. Pojavnost osteoporoze je povezana s hipovitaminozo D. Bolniki z osteoporozo bi morali imeti najmanj 20 ng/ml oziroma 50 nmol/l 25(OH)D za doseganje optimalnega zdravja kosti. Z doseganjem normalnih vrednosti vitamina D bi pri starejsem prebivalstvu dosegli boljso kakovost življenja, manj padcev in poskodb. Normalne vrednosti vitamina D pa bi lahko zmanjsale tudi negativne simptome nekaterih bolezni, predvsem avtoimunskih.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A synthesis of hornwort diversity: Patterns, causes and future work

Hornworts are the least species-rich bryophyte group, with around 200-250 species worldwide. Despite their low species numbers, hornworts represent a key group for understanding the evolution of plant form because the best-sampled current phylogenies place them as sister to the tracheophytes. Despite their low taxonomic diversity, the group has not been monographed worldwide. There are few well-documented hornwort floras for temperate or tropical areas. Moreover, no species level phylogenies or population studies are available for hornworts. Here we aim at filling some important gaps in hornwort biology and biodiversity. We provide estimates of hornwort species richness worldwide, identifying centers of diversity. We also present two examples of the impact of recent work in elucidating the composition and circumscription of the genera Megaceros and Nothoceros. Important areas for further research are highlighted, particularly at taxonomic, ultrastructural, phylogenetic and genomic levels.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A scheme for compiling GHC to prolog using freeze

By using the metapredicate freeze, object-oriented programming and process simulation can, for several problems, be done directly in Prolog; although, this is a tiresome and untidy chore. Committed choice languages, on the other hand, provide an elegant syntax for these types of programs. A scheme is given for compiling Guarded Horn Clauses into sequential Prolog, using Prolog's own scheduling principle. Synchronization is implemented using freeze, thereby avoiding busy wait. This proves that Prolog, including freeze, gives enough strength to cover a wide range of object-oriented programming problems, without redefining unification or defining a non-depth-first execution system on top of Prolog. The report presents two versions of the idea: one for flat GHC and one for full GHC. For the flat GHC version, a compiler has been developed and found to give satsfactory behavior.

Topic: Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Absence of Kernicterus in Low-Birth-Weight Infants From 1971 Through 1976: Comparison With Findings in 1966 and 1967

A review of 34 autopsied infants weighing 2,250 gm or less who died on the third to seventh days of life during the six-year period from 1971 through 1976 failed to reveal any cases of kernicterus. This contrasts with an incidence of 64% in low-birth-weight infants selected in the same manner from the same neonatal intensive care unit-premature center during the period 1966 and 1967. The 34 infants in the 1971-1976 series were not significantly different with regard to their birth weights, Apgar scores, perinatal complications, or pathologic findings, other than their lack of kernicterus, from the 14 infants in the 1966-1967 series. The only significant difference between these two groups of infants was a lower mean peak serum bilirubin concentration in the 1971-1976 series, corresponding with the establishment in 1970 of a more aggressive policy of exchange transfusion and phototherapy. The prevention of excessive hyperbilirubinemia along with the development of more sophisticated intensive care of the neonate in recent years may be responsible for the elimination of kernicterus in the 1971-1976 series of infants.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mathematics knowledge for teaching and the classroom environment

This study investigated the classroom environment in an underperforming mathematics classroom. The objectives were: (1) to investigate the classroom environment and identify influences upon it, and (2) to further explore those influences (i.e., teacher knowledge). This was completed using a diachronic case study approach in which data were gathered during lesson observations and coaching sessions. These data were analysed to describe and exemplify the classroom environment, then further described against forms of teacher knowledge. Conjectures regarding the importance of teacher knowledge of content were made which formed a base for developing a model of teacher planning and pedagogy.

Topic: Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Investigations into negative interference by jaundiced plasma in kinetic Jaffe methods for plasma creatinine determination

SUMMARY. Negative interference by jaundiced plasma in kinetic Jaffe methods for plasma creatinine determination is caused by both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin. The amount of interference observed is method- and temperature­ dependent and is directly related to bilirubin concentration but is independent of the creatinine concentration. Bilirubin also significantly reduces the precision of the creatinine estimation. A mechanism of bilirubin interference in kinetic Jaffe methods is proposed and the influence of picrate concentration, hydroxide concentration and temperature on the magnitude of bilirubin interference has been investigated.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tumor-targeted delivery of sunitinib base enhances vaccine therapy for advanced melanoma by remodeling the tumor microenvironment

Development of an effective treatment against advanced tumors remains a major challenge for cancer immunotherapy. We have previously developed a potent mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP)-based Trp2 vaccine for melanoma therapy, but because this vaccine can induce a potent anti-tumor immune response only during the early stages of melanoma, poor tumor growth inhibition has been observed in more advanced melanoma models, likely due to the development of an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To effectively treat this aggressive tumor, a multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib base, was efficiently encapsulated into a targeted polymeric micelle nano-delivery system (SUNb-PM), working in a synergistic manner with vaccine therapy in an advanced mouse melanoma model. SUNb-PM not only increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and decreased the number and percentage of MDSCs and Tregs in the TME, but also induced a shift in cytokine expression from Th2 to Th1 type while remodeling the tumor-associated fibroblasts, collagen, and blood vessels in the tumor. Additionally, inhibition of the Stat3 and AKT signaling pathways by SUNb-PM may induce tumor cell apoptosis or decrease tumor immune evasion. Our findings indicated that targeted delivery of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to tumors can be used in a novel synergistic way to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of existing immune-based therapies for advanced melanoma.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Histoplasma capsulatum in adrenal gland aspirate--a case report.

We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 60-year-old non-immunocompromised patient who presented to us with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Sonographic & CT examination of the abdomen showed bilateral adrenal masses. Cytological examination of the aspirated material from the mass showed yeast forms of H. capsulatum.

Topic: Fungal Infections and Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Star coloring splitting graphs of cycles

A star coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring such that the subgraph induced by any pair of color classes is a star forest. The star chromatic number of $G$ is the minimum number of colors needed to star color $G$. In this paper we determine the star-chromatic number of the splitting graphs of cycles of length $n$ with $n \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ and $n=5$, resolving an open question of Furnmańczyk, Kowsalya, and Vernold Vivin.

Topic: Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in gastro-intestinal surgery: facts and future implications].

In theory, the concept of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy can be applied to cancer surgery for all solid cancers. Yet sentinel lymph node biopsy has not become a standard part of gastrointestinal cancer surgery. It has been of value in the assessment of small early-stage gastric cancers, but has only achieved widespread practice in Japan. Studies of SLN biopsy in colon cancer have not shown it to be a reliable predictor of N+ status and therefore don't permit the omission of lymph node dissection in selected cases. On the other hand, as a form of intra-operative lymph node mapping, dye injection of the SLN may demonstrate aberrant lymphatic drainage and could occasionally permit the sparing of a middle colic artery whose sacrifice would otherwise be dictated by standard drainage patterns. SLN biopsy may have prognostic usefulness by demonstrating micrometastases; careful serial sectioning focussed on the SLN may detect nests of metastatic cells on HE staining, thereby converting a tumor from Stage I (TxN0M0) to Stage II (TxN1M0). This finding has been noted in 10-15% of cases. However, the prognostic value of micrometastases detected only by immunohistochemical staining or PCR has not been demonstrated. For cancers of the anal canal, SLN biopsy of inguinal nodes has been tested as a means of establishing the indications for inguinal lymph node dissection.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A treasure trove of insect pathogens and other beneficial microbes

AgResearch Lincoln maintains two large collections of beneficial microbes which include insectpathogenic bacteria and fungi and plant growthpromoting microorganisms The collections serve as a repository for indigenous microbes of potential value as biocontrol agents and plant growth stimulants as well as reference isolates from overseas collections Over 3500 bacterial and 680 fungal isolates have been accessioned over a 22year period from most regions in New Zealand including the Chatham Islands Preservation of these vital genetic resources is essential for current and future bioprotection programmes providing a source of beneficial microbes for regulation of pest threats arising through biosecurity failure new crop management priorities and climate change The microbes are made available for research trials/commercialisation through collaborative programmes with research organisations such as Plant Food Research (fungi and bacteria for control of chorus cicada Fullers rose weevil bronze beetle) Landcare Research (fungi for control of social wasps) Auckland University (effect of endophytic insectpathogenic fungi on plant growth) and industry partners In the last decade the collections have also played a role in confirming the presence in New Zealand of microorganisms formerly considered to be new under the HSNO Act

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Metals and metalloids in mussels from the Argentine Patagonia

Mussels are bioaccumulative organisms that are used to monitor marine environments. The levels of 19 metals and metalloids were determined in Mytilus edulis platensis in three sites of the San Jorge Gulf: Bahía Solano (BS), Punta Maqueda (PM) and Km 3 (KM3). The limit values of contaminants As: 16; Cd: 3.7; Cu: 10; Ni: 3.4; Pb: 3.2 and Zn: 200, in μg/g dry weight, were not reached in the sampling sites, except for Cd in PM. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a relationship between PM and high levels of Cd, between KM3 and high levels of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn, and between BS and high levels of Be, B, Sr and Ag. These results have contributed to the establishment of the state of situation in the spring of 2010 for 19 elements, which could be used in future studies of monitoring and assessment of the environmental risk owing to metal and metalloid contamination in the coasts of Argentine Patagonia.

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
1/4 BPS dyonic calorons

We explore the 1/4 BPS configurations of the supersymmetric gauge theories on $R^{1+3} \times S^1$. The BPS bound for energy and the BPS equations are obtained and the characteristics of the BPS solutions are studied. These BPS configurations describe electrically charged calorons, which are constituted of dyons and carry linear momentum along the compact direction. We carry out various approaches to the single caloron case in the theory of SU(2) gauge group.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Wavelet Selection in Transient Protection for EHV Transmission Lines

Wavelet selection is important in transient protection for EHV transmission lines. The paper introduces various characteristics of wavelets and wavelet selection in transient protection for EHV transmission lines is discussed. It is pointed out that wavelet is properly selected based on different purposes of research and different characteristics of wavelets.

Topic: High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 3 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US

Additional file 3: Table S1. Strains used for comparative analysis. Table S2. Strains used for phylogenetic analysis.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Overview: Unlocking the potential of migrants through vocational education and training

This chapter presents an overview of the project Unlocking the Potential of Migrants through Vocational Education and Training (VET). The chapter first provides details on the objective and context of the study. It then highlights the opportunities presented by the arrival of young humanitarian migrants and explains the challenges faced by VET systems in addressing specific barriers, which can be expected to hinder successful progress through VET. The chapter sets out why VET can be a particularly effective approach to integrate migrants, in particular humanitarian migrants. Finally, the chapter summarises the main findings of the report based on an analysis of major OECD countries that have been significantly affected by the recent increase of humanitarian migrants.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gyralina melovskii sp. n. (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Pristilomatidae), a New Terrestrial Snail Species from the Republic of North Macedonia

A new species of the genus Gyralina Andreae, 1902 is described – Gyralina (Gyralina) melovskii sp. n. The species was discovered in Baltin Cave, Luben Mountain, Republic of North Macedonia.

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Progress in the Economics of Religion

The past few decades have witnessed dramatic growth in the domain of economics. Once limited largely to the study of commerce, economists now routinely analyze such diverse subjects as health, crime, education, fertility, discrimination, voting, marriage, and addiction. A number of researchers are working to add religion to this list. Armed with the tools of economic theory and a growing body of data, they are exploring the determinants of religious behavior, the nature of religious institutions, and the social and economic impact of religion. Viewing religious behavior as an instance of rational choice rather than an exception to it, their work parallels other attempts to expand the domain of economics. Hence, the research is quite unlike Islamic economics, Christian economics, or any other faith-based approach to economic theory and policy. To date, the economics of religion has had its greatest impact in sociology, since it directly addresses concerns central to the sociology of religion. Sociologists have thus begun speaking of market models and rational choice theory as the for religious research (Warner [1993], Young [1995]). This new paradigm explains and integrates a wealth of existing data, generates new predictions that suggest new avenues for empirical research, and yields policy implications about the welfare effects of government intervention in the religious marketplace. Since most work in the economics of religion is new and scattered over a variety of journals, a brief overview would seem to be in order. An overview serves also to dispel the popular but increasingly untenable view of religion as a fading vestige of pre-scientific times.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Methylophilaceae</i> and <i>Hyphomicrobium</i> as target taxonomic groups in monitoring the function of methanol-fed denitrification biofilters in municipal wastewater treatment plants

Abstract Molecular monitoring of bacterial communities can explain and predict the stability of bioprocesses in varying physicochemical conditions. To study methanol-fed denitrification biofilters of municipal wastewater treatment plants, bacterial communities of two full-scale biofilters were compared through fingerprinting and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting was used for 10-week temporal monitoring of the bacterial community in one of the biofilters. Combining the data with previous study results, the family Methylophilaceae and genus Hyphomicrobium were determined as suitable target groups for monitoring. An increase in the relative abundance of Hyphomicrobium-related biomarkers occurred simultaneously with increases in water flow, NOx − load, and methanol addition, as well as a higher denitrification rate, although the dominating biomarkers linked to Methylophilaceae showed an opposite pattern. The results indicate that during increased loading, stability of the bioprocess is maintained by selection of more efficient denitrifier populations, and this progress can be analyzed using simple molecular fingerprinting.

Topic: Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table S3 from B-Raf Inhibitors Induce Epithelial Differentiation in &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cells

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Excel file containing the GO-term analysis with all differentially expressed genes.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences