jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Properties of Investment Cast RS5 Heat Treated in an Optimised Four Step Route

This paper evaluates investment cast RS5 superalloy after an optimised four step heat treatment process.The optimised heat treatment can effectively control the microstructure of the intragranular and the intergranular precipitates, and thus improve the tensile, fatigue and creep strength of the alloy.RS5 has also demonstrated excellent thermal stability and thus great potential for high temperature structural applications.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Further Experiments in X-ray Screen Photography (1011 subjects with Control Direct Radiographs)

In an article published in February of this year (1941), and under a similar title, the result of the examination of eighty subjects was discussed from the point of view of both photo-radiographic technique and radiological interpretation. It was felt at the time, however, that this investigation should be extended to a much larger group of subjects to enable the diagnostic quality of the miniature radiographs to be put to a further test, particularly as applied to presumably normal subjects. In this connection, although staff and X-ray plant were available, the experimental unit concerned was not transportable, and it was necessary to bring the subjects to the unit in London. This created a difficulty which at one time seemed to be insurmountable. However, by good fortune, the Norwegian Seamen's Bureau and Medical Service Department came to our assistance, and there was no longer any dearth of suitable subjects for a mass examination. Negotiations with the Norwegian medical staff were successful, and, indeed, the experiment proved to be of mutual interest. By this arrangement 771 Norwegians have been examined, among them the group of men who escaped from the Lofoten Islands during March 1941. Apart from this fine group of seamen, the majority of whom were of outstanding physique, other subjects of both sexes have been examined, including students, office workers, factory hands, etc., totalling 240. The number examined at one time has varied considerably.

Topic: Radiology practices and education
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrical Property of Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

Because of facile synthesis, carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers from chemical vapor deposition can be used for diverse applications.In this study, the electrical property of CNT fibers was investigated.The room-temperature electrical conductivity of a typical CNT fiber was measured to be 5 × 10 5 S/m.The electrical-conductivity transport mechanism of CNT fibers was elucidated according to the temperature dependence of the resistance, indicating that the Mott's variable-range hopping mechanism operates Moreover, the thermoelectric power was measured, indicating that the carrier within the fiber is a hole.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introducing new technology to the air traffic controller: Implications for skill acquisition and training

Training controllers in such a way as to maximize acceptance of new technology should have several aims. The first aim of a training program is to train people for development. The focus is to make those controllers who become involved in the development and design process knowledgeable about the technology. In this way, their expertise as controllers can best influence technology that controllers in the field will be willing to use. To get the most from this user involvement in the early phases, this training will also have to focus on ameliorating those factors that build resistance in users. The second aim of the training program is to prepare end-users. Again, one focus of the training must address the kinds of issues that create resistance in users. Further, the program must provide the controllers with the skills necessary to use the technology. Thus trainers must not only have expertise in the technology, but also expertise in conveying knowledge. At the same time, they must be able to address the issues that will result in greater user acceptance.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Burning rate for a solid propellant ramjet developing constant thrust

An analysis of a solid propellant ramjet which carries the propellant in the combustion chamber was made, and a procedure outlined for calculating the required burning rate of such a ramjet which develops constant thrust. The two factors which influenced this development were:

1) The solid propellant ramjet’s combustion chamber varies in size with time due to burning of the fuel.
2) The solid propellant ramjet develops constant thrust.

These factors were coordinated with the analysis of the internal flow system of the ramjet, and an expression for the required burning rate was derived.

Topic: Rocket and propulsion systems research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Full axillary lymph node dissection and increased breast epidermal thickness 1 year after radiation therapy for breast cancer

Abstract Background We previously reported a prospective study showing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is associated with increased breast skin thickening during and 6 weeks post‐radiation therapy (RT), and now report ALND's long‐term impact at 1 year. Methods Among 66 women who received whole breast RT after lumpectomy, objective ultrasound measurements of epidermal thickness over four quadrants of the treated breast were measured at five time points: before RT, week 6 of RT, and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post‐RT. Skin thickness ratio (STRA) was generated by normalizing for corresponding measurements of the contralateral breast. Results A total of 2,436 ultrasound images were obtained. Among 63 women with evaluable data at 1 year, mean STRA significantly increased at 6 months (absolute mean increase of 65%, SD 0.054), and remained elevated at 1 year post‐RT (absolute mean increase of 44%, SD 0.048). In multivariable analysis, ALND compared to sentinel lymph node biopsy, longer interval between surgery and RT, increased baseline STRA, and Caucasian race predicted for more severe changes in STRA at 1 year compared to baseline (all P &lt; .05). Conclusions In the setting of whole breast RT, our findings suggest that ALND has long‐term repercussions on breast skin thickening.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IDENTITAS AYUB YANG DIPERTARUHKAN: SEBUAH PEMBACAAN EKSPOSISIONAL ATAS AYUB 1:1

The purpose of this study is to interpret Job's identity in Job 1:1. At the beginning of the Book of Job, a description of Job is written, who is pious, honest, fear of God, and shuns evil. The image is interesting when it is repeated in several texts. The repetition of Job's description of envy relates to his doubts. In this study, Job's identity is interpreted in relation to the stakes placed on Job. As the first sentence of the Book of Job, this verse becomes an exposition that helps understand Job further. Finally, this study concluded that fear of God was the most important thing in Job. Fear of God is fundamental for people who believe in God. Fear of God is the core of the wisdom of the Book of Job.

Topic: Contemporary Christian Leadership and Education
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Constant domain epitope expression of human immunoglobulin L chains of the &amp;kappa; and &amp;lambda; type in proteins of different variable subgroups

С помощью монAT исследована экспрессия эпитопов С-домена L-цепей Ig человека κ и λтипов различных V-подгрупп. Установлено, что уровень экспрессии данного эпитопа С-домена зависит от принадлежности L-цепи к той или иной подгруппе.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Targeting TB preventive therapy to those at high risk: derivation and validation of a risk score for predicting tuberculosis disease

Background. Use of tuberculosis preventive therapy (PT) must be urgently scaled up and provided to people at high-risk of developing tuberculosis disease (TB). In high-burden settings, PT is poorly utilised and rarely offered to adult household contacts. Furthermore, the tests for tuberculosis infection used to guide prescription are unreliable for predicting disease, fraught with logistical challenges and unavailable in many settings. In low- and middle-income countries a TB risk score could be used to prioritise PT for contacts most likely to benefit. We therefore aimed to develop a risk score to predict TB disease among adult household contacts of patients with TB in urban Callao, Perú. Methods. We identified index-cases with pulmonary TB (n=715), recruited their household contacts aged ≥15 years (n=2,017) and followed them for TB for a total of 18,988 person-years (PY). Cox proportional-hazards models were fitted to investigate factors associated with TB. 1,009 contacts were selected as a derivation cohort from which a risk score was created. Scores were calculated for each contact and low, intermediate and high-risk groups defined. The score was subsequently validated in the remaining 1,008 contacts. Results. Eight predictors formed the score: age 15-30 or ≥50; history of TB; body-mass-index; prolonged exposure to the index-case; poverty; exposure to indoor air pollution; male index-case and high index-case smear-positivity. In the derivation cohort the incidence rates in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 331/100,000PY (95%CI:200-550); 942/100,000PY (95%CI: 650-1363) and 2038/100,000PY (95%CI:1501-2768) respectively (p&lt;0.0001). In the validation cohort the rates were similar. The figure shows the cumulative hazard of TB at specific time points. The number-needed-to-treat to prevent one TB case over 2 years in the low, intermediate and high-risk groups is 83, 35 and 18 respectively. Conclusion. A risk score was derived and validated that stratifies household contacts at different risks of developing TB.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in community-acquired urinary tract infections in São Luís, Brazil

The number of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in community-acquired urinary tract infections worldwide is probably underestimated because of the technical difficulties encountered with their detection. In this study, out of 5,672 urine samples analyzed, 916 were positive for uropathogens, 472 of them being enterobacteria of which 7.6% produced β-lactamases. Analysis of the isolated from 36 patients showed a high level of antibiotic resistance, with 52.7% and 80.5% of isolates expressing blaTEM and blaCTX-M, respectively.

Topic: Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Natural Resistance of Native and Commercial Maize to Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea1, and Their Relationship with Ear Rot

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most representative crop of Mexico, mainly because of its social, cultural, and economic importance. The objective of this research was to identify genotypes with natural resistance to damage by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and their relationship with ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. Link (Nectriaceae). Samples were collected from September to November 2019 from hybrids and native maize in nine plots in Puebla and Morelos states. Ear rot pathogens and Lepidoptera found in plots were morphologically identified; ear rot incidence, severity, and damage caused by the pests were evaluated. Data of ear rot, leaf damage, and ear damage were adjusted by arcsine square root and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared by a Tukey multiple range test (p = 0.05). Fusarium spp. was found with 15.04 to 32.01% severity; damage by fall armyworm and corn earworm ranged from 23.63 to 46.96%, with galleries as long as 4.77 cm. The amount of ear rot was proportional to damage by Lepidoptera, demonstrating relationship between injury by these insects and ear rot severity caused by Fusarium spp. in hybrids and native cultivars in different areas, cultural practices, and production systems. Genotypes more resistant to damage by pests were Black Native from San Miguel, Teotlalco, Puebla; Pioneer 30F35 from Contla, Puebla; Pioneer P4028W from Tetelilla, Morelos; and Pioneer P4028W from Tepalcingo, Morelos.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Psychiatric Hospital Treatment of Adolescents

In a previous publication, Rinsley and Inge<sup>1</sup>described the behavior of adolescent psychiatric hospital patients in terms of the child's need to view hospital treatment structure as an adversary with whom he or she is locked in combat. In that publication, the authors listed 11 "devices" by which patients consciously or otherwise seek to defeat the efforts of the treatment team to understand them and to help them accept the hospital as an ally in their struggle to find themselves and to grow psychologically. These devices include both verbal and nonverbal behavior expressing resistance to the treatment milieu; these devices comprise what can best be considered "resistance metaphors." As an outgrowth of these considerations, we postulated that: 1. "Resistance metaphors" comprise much of the verbal and nonverbal behavior of adolescent patients during the initial phase of hospitalization, hence the term, "resistance phase" applied thereto;

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
New agents modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system—Will there be a new therapeutic option?

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is more complex than it was originally regarded. According to the current subject knowledge, there are two main axes of the RAAS: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II-AT 1 receptor axis and (2) ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. The activation of the first axis leads to deleterious effects, including vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; therefore, blocking the components of this axis is a highly rational and commonly used therapeutic procedure. The ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis has a different role, since it often opposes the effects induced by the classical ACE-Ang II-AT 1 axis. Once the positive effects of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis were discovered, the alternative ways of pharmacotherapy activating this axis of RAAS appeared. This article briefly describes new molecules affecting the RAAS, namely: recombinant human ACE2, ACE2 activators, angiotensin-(1-7) peptide and non-peptide analogs, aldosterone synthase inhibitors, and the third and fourth generation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The results of the experimental and clinical studies are encouraging, which leads us to believe that these new molecules can support the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as cardiometabolic disorders.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Suppl. Figure 2 from Clinical Significance of PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Exosomes in Plasma of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

&lt;p&gt;Surface PD-L1 present on exosomes&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE SEMANTIC ASPECT OF FOOD AS PUNISHMENT AND COMFORT IN THE WORKS BY L. CARROLL, CH. DICKENS AND P. TRAVER

The article deals with the semantic aspect of food functioning as punishment/reward and lovelessness/comfort in the English literature of the XIX and early XX centuries in the works by L. Carrol, Ch. Dickens and P. Travers. The research investigates the food motif as a means to reflect eating traditions of a particular historic period and a social marker for the protagonists. The author explores how the writers use eating habits to express acceptance, resistance, emotional affection, taboo behaviour, power and celebration traditions. It is suggested that food imagery is positively related to cultural identity which includes various issues from social position to gender issues. It is shown that the presentation of food in literature can mirror the writers’ own preferences allowing them to tap on their personal experience in the works, thus giving “food” for bibliographers. Recent literary culinary studies have stimulated the development of gastronomic tours on the pages of the renowned writers, the so-called food trails, and theme fests such as the Great Dickens Christmas Fair and Victorian Holiday Party or Whitby’s White Rabbit Trail as part of niche gastronomic tourism in Great Britain. So, the present interdisciplinary research may be of great interest not only for philologists but also for students specializing in tourism and country studies and the general public.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Latent Class Binomial Logit Methodology for the Analysis of Paired Comparison Choice Data: An Application Reinvestigating the Determinants of Perceived Risk

A latent class model for identifying classes of subjects in paired comparison choice experiments is developed. The model simultaneously estimates a probabilistic classification of subjects and the logit models' coefficients relating characteristics of objects to choices for each respective group among two alternatives in paired comparison experiments. A modest Monte Carlo analysis of algorithm performance is presented. The proposed model is illustrated with empirical data from a consumer psychology experiment that examines the determinants of perceived consumer risk. The predictive validity of the method is assessed and compared to that of several other procedures. The sensitivity of the method to (randomly) eliminate comparisons, which is important in view of reducing respondent fatigue in the task, is investigated.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Return to Play After Hip Arthroscopy Among Tennis Players: Outcomes with Minimum Five-Year Follow-up

Abstract Background: Playing tennis is associated with various movements that can lead to labral injuries and may require arthroscopic surgery. While hip arthroscopies have demonstrated good outcomes in athletes, there is limited literature reporting Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) and return to play in competitive or recreational tennis players after hip arthroscopic surgery. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to (1) report minimum five-year PROs and return to sport in tennis players who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery and (2) compare outcomes between recreational and competitive tennis players. Methods: Data for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy surgery in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears between March 2009 and January 2014 and who played tennis at any level within one-year of surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with preoperative and minimum five-year postoperative scores for the following PROs were included: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Patients with preoperative Tönnis osteoarthritis Grade &gt;1, Workers’ Compensation claims, age &gt; 60 years old, or previous ipsilateral hip surgeries or conditions were excluded. Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for mHHS and HOS-SSS were calculated. Results: Of 28 patients, 31 hips met all inclusion and exclusion criteria of which 28 (90.3%) had minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 72.8 ± 13.9 months). There were 3 professional, 3 collegiate, 2 high school, 2 organized amateur, and 18 recreational level tennis players. All PROs significantly improved at latest follow-up: mHHS from 67.0 to 86.7 (P &lt; 0.001), NAHS from 65.9 to 87.2 (P &lt; 0.001), HOS-SSS from 50.0 to 77.9 (P = 0.009), and VAS from 5.4 to 1.8 (P &lt; 0.001). There was a 75.0% return to sport rate. Additionally, 66.7% of patients achieved MCID and 83.3% achieved PASS for mHHS, and 63.6% achieved MCID and 58.3% achieved PASS for HOS-SSS. Conclusion: Regardless of the level of participation, tennis players who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery reported statistically significant PRO improvements. A favorable rate of return to sport was also achieved.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MASA KEEMASAN TEATER TRADISIONAL MENDU KALIMANTAN BARAT

The benefits of studying history, in addition to remembering the past, are also valuable lessons for future generations. Through history, the younger generation knows the cultural treasures of the nation so that they can preserve them. One of the original arts belonging to West Kalimantan is the traditional theater mendu. This theater was successful at the beginning of its emergence (1876 AD) until the Japanese colonial era. After that it was dim because society was forbidden by Japan to gather and associate. Mendu was bloated again and became the belle of the 80's which was driven by the maestro Sataruddin Ramli (1948 - 2015). However, this particular art of West Kalimantan is now only a memory. This research aims to describe the golden age of West Kalimantan's traditional theater. The method used is descriptive qualitative form with a literature study approach. The results of the study describe (1) the glory period from the beginning of the emergence of the mendu to the Japanese occupation (1876 - 1942), (2) the traditional theater of the mendu became the belle of the community (1980s - 2000s). Factors that cause the mendu golden period include because in the past the world of entertainment was not yet sophisticated and modern, the characteristics of the traditional and simple community, the story that was served favored by the community at that time, the participation of the Regional Government of West Kalimantan, as well as coaching was held for the younger generation.

Topic: Cultural and Artistic Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences