jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
233.3: A portable hydrogen gas filling system to organ preservation solution by hydrogen adsorption alloy canister.

Background: Effectiveness of hydrogen gas in donor cardiac death (DCD) transplantation models has been reported. However, the conventional methods require large-scale equipment and dangerous high-pressure cylinders with various qualifications and regulations for handling. Moreover, they require significant effort and time for preparation. Herein, we have developed a new technology that uses hydrogen-adsorbing alloy canisters to fill high concentrations of hydrogen into organ preservation solution quickly, anywhere, any time. The effects of hydrogen gas-filled organ preservation solution generated by this method were verified in a kidney transplant from a circulatory arrest donor in an aged pig model. Methods: We used female micro-mini pigs (25-40 months old, 20-26 Kg in weight). After 30 minutes of DCD condition, the kidneys were taken out at once and used as donor kidney. Meanwhile, the donor was not added anticoagulant such as heparin. One used a hydrogen-filled cold ETK liquid, and the other used a hydrogen-free cold ETK liquid. For the recipient, the preserved DCD kidney was transplanted in the left side of orthotopic position and the right original kidney was removed, following up 5 days after transplantation. Results: The flush-out effect of organ preservation solution on the damaged kidney was enhanced by dissolving hydrogen. In conventional method, organ transplantation of kidney from aged donors after circulatory death resulted in a primary non-function without exceptions. However, when the hydrogen gas-filled organ preservation solution was used for flush-out and preservation before transplantation, urinary excretion was observed in the bladder 5 days after transplantation. Conclusions: This is the first report showing that this hydrogen-adsorbing alloy system can be used safely anywhere in a clinical setting where organs are removed from marginal donors.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acoustical environment in the Salt Lake Mormon Tabernacle

This paper is a historical overview of the Salt Lake Mormon Tabernacle, its acoustics and uses. Emphasis will be placed on acoustical studies made over the years by qualified consultants and their subsequent recommendations. Reference will be made to a previous paper on this subject presented nearly 50 years ago. Slides will be used to illustrate original construction and later changes. Television lighting and sound reinforcement equipment are substantially the only detractors from an otherwise unspoiled atmosphere of pioneer days.

Topic: Literary, Cultural, Historical Analysis
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Glyoxal cross‐linking of solubilized extracellular matrix to produce highly porous, elastic, and chondro‐permissive scaffolds for orthopedic tissue engineering

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived implants hold great promise for tissue repair, but new strategies are required to produce efficiently decellularized scaffolds with the necessary porosity and mechanical properties to facilitate regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to produce highly porous, elastic, articular cartilage (AC) ECM‐derived scaffolds that are efficiently decellularized, nonimmunogenic, and chondro‐permissive. Pepsin solubilized porcine AC was cross‐linked with glyoxal, lyophilized and then subjected to dehydrothermal treatment. The resulting scaffolds were predominantly collagenous in nature, with the majority of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and DNA removed during scaffold fabrication. Four scaffold variants were produced to examine the effect of both ECM (10 or 20 mg/mL) and glyoxal (5 or 10 m M ) concentration on the mechanical and biological properties of the resulting construct. When seeded with human infrapatellar fat pad‐derived stromal cells, the scaffolds with the lowest concentration of both ECM and glyoxal were found to promote the development of a more hyaline‐like cartilage tissue, as evident by increased sGAG and type II collagen deposition. Furthermore, when cultured in the presence of human macrophages, it was found that these ECM‐derived scaffolds did not induce the production of key proinflammatory cytokines, which is critical to success of an implantable biomaterial. Together these findings demonstrate that the novel combination of solubilized AC ECM and glyoxal crosslinking can be used to produce highly porous scaffolds that are sufficiently decellularized, highly elastic, chondro‐permissive and do not illicit a detrimental immune response when cultured in the presence of human macrophages.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ubiquitin-Independent Proteasomal Degradation of Fra-1 Is Antagonized by Erk1/2 Pathway-Mediated Phosphorylation of a Unique C-Terminal Destabilizer

Fra-1, a transcription factor that is phylogenetically and functionally related to the proto-oncoprotein c-Fos, controls many essential cell functions. It is expressed in many cell types, albeit with differing kinetics and abundances. In cells reentering the cell cycle, Fra-1 expression is transiently stimulated albeit later than that of c-Fos and for a longer time. Moreover, Fra-1 overexpression is found in cancer cells displaying high Erk1/2 activity and has been linked to tumorigenesis. One crucial point of regulation of Fra-1 levels is controlled protein degradation, the mechanism of which remains poorly characterized. Here, we have combined genetic, pharmacological, and signaling studies to investigate this process in nontransformed cells and to elucidate how it is altered in cancer cells. We report that the intrinsic instability of Fra-1 depends on a single destabilizer contained within the C-terminal 30 to 40 amino acids. Two serines therein, S252 and S265, are phosphorylated by kinases of the Erk1/2 pathway, which compromises protein destruction upon both normal physiological induction and tumorigenic constitutive activation of this cascade. Our data also indicate that Fra-1, like c-Fos, belongs to a small group of proteins that may, under certain circumstances, undergo ubiquitin-independent degradation by the proteasome. Our work reveals both similitudes and differences between Fra-1 and c-Fos degradation mechanisms. In particular, the presence of a single destabilizer within Fra-1, instead of two that are differentially regulated in c-Fos, explains the much faster turnover of the latter when cells traverse the G(0)/G(1)-to-S-phase transition. Finally, our study offers further insights into the signaling-regulated expression of the other Fos family proteins.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers in Poland

The aim of the study was to compare the safety profiles (prevalence of both local and systemic side effects) of COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford–AstraZeneca) among healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) administered with a first and a second dose of the vaccines. Another goal of the research was to evaluate potential demographic and clinical risk factors for the frequency and intensity of side effects. A post-marketing, cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out on a sample of 971 respondents (323 doctors, 324 nurses, and 324 pharmacists), all more than 18 years old, who have taken two doses of the following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) (group 1), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (group 2), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) (group 3). A validated, self-administered questionnaire was developed and delivered online to the target population group of healthcare workers. The survey was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 (1 February 2021–1 July 2021) pandemic. It was based on the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. Questionnaires were disseminated using selected social media. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine was the most commonly administered COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare professionals in Poland (69.61%). Side effects following a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were reported by 53.11% of respondents in group 1, 72% in group 2, and 67.59% in group 3. The following were the most common side effects regardless of the type of vaccine administered: pain at the injection site, headache, muscle pain, fever, chills, and fatigue. The number and intensity of reported side effects following administration of a BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine were significantly lower than in the other two study groups (p &lt; 0.00001). Risk factors for side effects following administration of one of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines subject to the analysis included being female, young, and suffering from a diagnosed allergy. Our results clearly show that the short-term safety profiles of the eligible COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford–AstraZeneca) are acceptable. Nevertheless, the two-dose COVID-19 vaccines available in Poland differ significantly in the frequency of both local and systemic side effects and their intensity. Women, young people, and patients diagnosed with allergies are particularly exposed to the risk of side effects. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Inspiration of Boredom: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Boredom and Creativity

The present thesis investigated the novel question of whether boredom could inspire creativity through two studies, the first focusing on trait creativity and the second on creative performance. The results reflect boredom and creativity’s complex, potentially null relationship. Study 1 found that trait boredom, controlling for overall personality structure, was not associated with creative personality. Study 2 found that neither state boredom nor the interaction between state and trait boredom was predictive of creative performance. Trait boredom, controlling for overall personality structure, was a positive predictor of curiosity (Study 1), and curiosity in turn was found to be a positive predictor of creative performance (Study 2), suggesting a potential mediated relationship. Future work exploring this possibility is encouraged. Researchers exploring the relationship between boredom and creativity are also urged to assess arousal and regulatory focus. Finally, work exploring multiple, potentially interacting components of creativity–particularly rater characteristics–is proposed.

Topic: Mind wandering and attention
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
New and practical approach of full maxillectomy by path along lower lip and lower jaw

Objective To find a new and practical approach of full maxillectomy by the path along lower lip and the lower jaw according to the anatomic characteristics of maxilla. Methods From January 1997 to January 2005, 24 cases underwent full maxillectomy in this new approach, and the excision line began from the middle of the lower lip, and the chin went through the mandibular margin to the anterior lower of the same lateral papillary. By the design of excision line,super lip and infraorbital areas had been evaded from injury, and the integrality of the super lip and soft tissue of middle face construction had gained reservation ultimately.On the other hand, this operation path brought a little face excision and was a convenient radical cure of maxilla cancer as well as neck lymphonodus clean. Results After the follow-up from six months to two years, the results have been proved satisfactory. All patients who maybe only received operation or received chemotherapy or radiotherapy post-operation did not suffer from any complications such as necrosis or the askew of mouth and so on, except the short-term removing of lower lip after operation. Conclusion This new surgical excision line design not only can expose operation area clearly and remove maxilla cancer successfully but also, can reserve face shape and function satisfactorily.It accords with the surgical idea of removing focus and conserving function and is worthy to be recommended.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Paget's degeneration of the juxta-alveolar portion of the mandible in subjects with generalized osteoporosis. Clinical study].

After the description of the etiopathogenetic aspects and of the pathologic anatomy lesion more typical of the Paget's disease, the A.A. describe a interesting case of the mandible's degeneration in a patient with chronic osteoporosis. The patient does not masticate. The treatment has been to remodelling of the mandible. We made a scrupulous check of laboratory research and the radiographical, biological and histological reports to exclude osteosarcoma and gigantic cells tumour.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of repolarizaion duration and transmural dispersion of repolarization for occurrence of torsade de pointes

AIM: To investigate the role of repolarization duration and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) for the occurrence of torsade de pointes (TdP). METHODS: Thirty two rabbits were divided into four groups: low concentration sotalol group (10 μmol/L), high concentration sotalol group (100 μmol/L), low concentration quinidine group (1 μmol/L) and high concentration quinidine group (10 μmol/L). With the monophasic action potential (MAP) recording technique, MAP of epicardium, midmyocardium and endocardium were simultaneously recorded by specially designed plunge needle electrodes across the left ventricular free wall of rabbit hearts purfused by Langendorff method. Monophasic action potential duration (MAPD), TDR, early afterdepolarization (EAD) and TdP were observed. RESULTS: Sotalol induced concentration dependent prolongation of MAPD in all the three layers of ventricular myocardium and TDR. Eight rabbits developed EAD and six developed TdP in high concentration sotalol group. Only four developed EAD in low concentration sotalol group whereas no rabbit developed TdP. Quinidine induced concentration dependent prolongation of MAPD in all the three layers of ventricular myocardium and reverse concentration dependent increase of TDR. Seven rabbits developed EAD and one developed TdP in high concentration quinidine group. Six developed EAD and four developed TdP in low concentration quinidine group. CONCLUSION: The risk for the development of TdP is chiefly related to the increase in TDR rather than the prolongation of the repolarization duration.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bulimia: An entity in search of definition

A review of research literature that addresses personality correlates of bulimia revealed a major problem which affects that research and its interpretation: Criteria used to define this disorder have not been consistent across investigators. A related issue is that this disorder has been described by a variety of names, such as dietary chaos syndrome, binge-eating syndrome, bulimia nervosa, etc. The second major problem that contributes to the uncertainty about the personality of bulimics is methodology. Among these have been the inclusion of individuals with a history of anorexia nervosa, the use of researcher-specific self-reports and questionnaires (primarily within a narrow population), and a lack of consistency in the testing measures used to assess personality. This very basic issue needs to be resolved if the findings in bulimia research are to be cumulative and generalizable across studies. Suggestions are offered as to how this resolution should occur.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A case of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma

We report a case of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. A 23-year-old male presented with red nodules on his back for 5 years. Physical examination revealed multiple demarcated red nodules on the back, sized 5 mm×5 mm to 10 mm×15 mm, with smooth surface, soft texture, but without scales and tenderness. Histopathology showed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, partial follicular atrophy, and small- to medium-sized centrocytoid and monocytoid cells surrounding the follicles and eccrine glands, which locally infiltrated into the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive for CD20, CD21(FDC network), CD23(FDC network), kappa, Bcl-2, CD43 (partially), Ki-67 (10%), and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, Lambda, Bcl-6 and Cyclin-D1. The diagnosis was primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. The patient declined the treatment and was lost follow-up 1 year later.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Angiography in the Management of Intracranial Mycotic Aneurysms

Neurologic abnormalities during the course of bacterial endocarditis have been observed in as many as half the cases in some series.<sup>1</sup>Although mycotic aneurysm is one of the less common neuropathologic lesions in such cases, it is of particular importance because of the potential danger of lethal subarachnoid hemorrhage from this lesion which is often amenable to surgical excision. The present report of three patients with cerebral mycotic aneurysm will emphasize the following: (1) the clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings that may be produced by a mycotic aneurysm prior to major hemorrhage; (2) the urgency of performing carotid angiography if there are clinical indications that this lesion may be present; and (3) the value of surgical treatment of intracranial mycotic aneurysms in many cases. <h3>Patient Summaries</h3><h3>Patient 1.</h3> —A 52-year-old white man was admitted to the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Hospital on Feb 19,

Topic: Infectious Aortic and Vascular Conditions
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of Odontology in Forensic Medicine: An Update

The role of dental characteristics to identify deceased individuals is well recognized since late nineteenth century. This application of dental science for the identification of the deceased had originally been driven by external agencies, for instance police; coroner's and courts instead of the dental community. However once the value of forensic odontology was recognized by dentists, it has evolved into a specialty within. Today forensic odontology is considered specialized and reliable method for identification of the deceased, particularly in disaster situations.

Topic: Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“This Warm Scribe, My [Profitable] Hand”

The survival or loss of literary manuscripts has always depended upon many factors, but questions of value are chief among them: the cultural value, or otherwise, ascribed to them by authors, collectors, publishers, libraries, funders, and government agencies; and the commercial value, determined in part by cultural value but also through questions of rarity, authenticity, competition, fashion, and research potential. This chapter explores these issues through the consideration of manuscript examples ranging from the first manuscript in the English language to survive wholly in the hand of its author, dating from c. 1200, to digital texts accruing monetary value through non-fungible tokens. It looks at how authors have ignored or embraced their manuscripts as financial assets and how that may affect their textual meaning; how contingencies surrounding funding or legislation, particularly export control, contribute to our understanding of the literary canon; and how institutional collaboration or competition, together with decisions made in the book trade can shape the archival landscape. Finally, it speculates about the implications for the material literary manuscript, as a tangible witness to the writer's hand and an artefact relatively easy to value in commercial terms, in a world where collectors are beginning to privilege digital artefacts.

Topic: Digital Humanities and Scholarship
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Functional Residual Capacity in Anesthetized Children

To assess the increase in functional residual capacity (FRC) with growth, FRC was measured after induction of anesthesia in two groups of children. One group consisted of 74 children, 0.1-11.2 yr of age, without signs of cardiorespiratory disease (referred to here as "normal" children), and the other of 21 children, 0.2-6.9 yr of age, with cardiac malformations. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in the normal children and with fentanyl, droperidol, and nitrous oxide in the children with cardiac anomalies. All patients were paralyzed, their tracheas intubated, and their lungs mechanically ventilated. FRC was measured with an automated tracer gas washout technique. In 70 patients the measurements were performed in duplicate with a mean coefficient of variation of 2.0%. FRC correlated significantly with height, weight, and age in both groups. Multiple regression analysis for both groups considered together indicated no significant improvement when factors for the sex of the child or for the presence of cardiac anomalies were incorporated into the model. In normal children the simple linear and nonlinear regression equations for FRC (in milliliters) versus height (in centimeters) were: FRC = -529 + 9.48 x height, r = 0.96; and FRC = 0.00175 x height2.66, r = 0.97, respectively. The corresponding equations for FRC (in milliliters) versus weight (in kilograms) were: FRC = -92 + 29.9 x weight, r = 0.93; and FRC = 9.51 x weight1.31, r = 0.95.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences