jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Will more forage pay? : economic aspects of using more pasture and forage on farms : a progress report /

Excerpts from the report: Much is being done to explore the possibilities of increasing industrial utilization of both the basic and the waste products of agriculture. Less spectacular yet of as great, if not greater, significance are the possibilities in increased utilization of farm products on the farm. Wherever it is feasible to substitute forage crops on acres now producing corn, cotton, or wheat and to utilize them profitably through livestock, opportunities exist for combating the threat of surplus production of these crops. Adjustments of this type also work toward improving the national diet, conserving soil resources, and lending greater stability to farm incomes. Those interested in either on-farm or off-farm utilization of farm products are faced with essentially these questions: (1) Is the proposed means of utilization technically feasible? (2) Will it pay the individual producer? and (3) Will it be to the advantage of the United States as a whole? The hypothesis upon which this study rests is that it is desirable to shift more of our land resources to production of forage if producers can find ways to utilize the forage efficiently and profitably. Three major assumptions are made: (1) That surpluses of cash crops such as cotton, wheat, and corn may again prevail and that profitable alternative uses for some of the land now producing such crops will be needed; (2) that increased production of livestock and livestock products would be desirable from the standpoint of dietary deficiencies and consumers' food preferences: and (3) that a shift to forage crops from the cash crops which may be in surplus will tend to retard erosion and help to maintain soil fertility.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Post-Office Box for Keeping Analytical Weights.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Post-Office Box for Keeping Analytical Weights.Stephen PopoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 6, 1471Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01659a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01659a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: History and advancements in chemistry
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Oversampling sigma-delta modulator stabilized by two local nonlinear feedback loop techniques

The proposed scheme relates to techniques called "local nonlinear feedback loop (LNFL)" and "enhanced-LNFL" for stabilization of oversampling sigma-delta modulators. SDM stabilized by LNFL or enhanced-LNFL techniques avoids the instability limitation without SNR degradation. Besides, both proposed approaches to suppress the signal's swing range can be applied to various configurations of SDMs, such as multiple-loop and single-loop structures, for high stability and low power VLSI applications.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hematopoietic Agents

Abstract Hematopoesis is a life‐long process that involves the continuous formation and turnover of blood cells. Maintaining adequate blood cell production, as well as being able to meet increased demand, is in part under the control of a group of hormone‐like glycoproteins that includes the hematopoietic growth factors and the interleukins. More specifically, the production of hematopoietic stem cell self‐renewal (giving rise to identical daughter cells) and production of the specific progenitor cells that are increasingly restricted in their developmental pathway are under the control of the hematopoietic growth factors and the interleukins. In the chapter, four cytokines approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in humans are described; this is followed by a limited discussion of one cytokine, stem cell factor, that currently has orphan drug status and a brief description of two cytokines currently undergoing clinical evaluation. The field of cytokine research is always expanding as new interleukins are identified each year. As our understanding of the cell and molecular biology of cytokine action on hematopoiesis increases, the clinical use of these agents will become more refined.

Topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High-precision surface-level CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) over Shadnagar, India

An enhanced performance model of the greenhouse gas analyser (GGA) instrument from Los Gatos Research (LGR), which uses off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) technology to obtain highly precise and accurate measurements, has been installed at the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC), Shadnagar with the objective of generating a long-term record of measurements conforming to standards set by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). A calibration procedure to ensure the precision and accuracy of measurements was formulated using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA-ESRL) calibration gases bearing WMO certification. The 10 s (1 σ) average precision of carbon dioxide (CO2) and (methane (CH4)) measurements by the GGA was 101 parts per billion volume (0.30 ppbv) and accuracy 78 ppbv (0.24 ppbv), respectively. The 5 s average of 1 Hz measurements was used to compute precision, which varied from 92.52 to 116.36 ppbv (1σ, 1 Hz = 0.66 parts per million volume (ppmv), WMO-2009)) for CO2 and CH4 0.45 ppbv to 0.55 ppbv (1 σ, 1 Hz = 2.48 ppbv, WMO-2009) respectively. Diurnal variation of greenhouse gas concentrations, temperature, and pressure, showed high fluctuations when cavity pressure and temperature varied from the standard values. The residuals of dry mixing ratios with respect to (w.r.t.) the NOAA span gases varied from +30 to −60 ppbv for CO2 and ±0.35 ppbv for CH4. A case study using the corrected observations over 1 year revealed the role of wind velocity and anthropogenic emissions, as well as the seasonal variations in the ambient concentrations of CO2 and CH4 gases near the surface.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Significance of Homovanillic Acid and 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Concentrations in Human Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract: The concentrations of the acidic dopamine (DA) catabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) measured in human CSF are supposed to reflect the “turnover” of DA in the brain. The notion of “turnover” is, however, not synonymous with impulse nerve activity in the dopaminergic systems. Significant amounts of DOPAC and HVA could, indeed, be demonstrated in brain structures wherein dopaminergic inner‐vation has not been documented. It must also be noted that DA is not only a neurotransmitter itself, but also a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Furthermore, in lumbar CSF, levels of biogenic amine catabolites partially reflect metabolism in the spinal cord and may have limited relevance to neurotransmission in the brain. To elucidate these points further, we determined the concentrations of DOPAC and HVA in 22 areas of six human brains and eight levels of six human spinal cords. The data were correlated with the concentration of DA. Quantitative determinations were done using HPLC with electrochemical detection, after solvent and ion‐pair extraction. In this study, significant amounts of both DOPAC and HVA were demonstrated in brain structures not previously associated with dopaminergic innervation. The relatively lower DA concentration in these structures suggests that in these regions, the DOPAC and HVA concentrations are unrelated to dopaminergic neurotransmission. The possible role of capillary walls and glial cells in the catabolism of DA must be further evaluated. The demonstration of DOPAC and HVA in the spinal cord is another argument against the hypothesis that CSF levels of HVA and DOPAC reflect closely the activity of the dopaminergic systems in the brain.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Citizen endorsement of contested peace settlements: public opinion in post-Dayton Bosnia

This article asks what shapes public support for comprehensive peace agreements that aim to end violent conflict in deeply divided societies. Although public perceptions are critical for the success of territorial settlements, little scholarly attention has focused on citizen attitudes towards peace in the post-implementation phase. We develop and empirically test a theory of citizen support for peace agreements that relates power-sharing institutions to broader citizens’ security considerations and integrates into this theory the roles of international peacekeeping, ascriptive minority/majority identities and exposure to alternative governance structures (i.e. federal, consociational and centripetalist). We argue that the degree to which a peace treaty provides credible security to citizens determines public support for power-sharing. We test this argument in a least likely case Bosnia Herzegovina. Using data from a 2013 representative survey with 1007 respondents, we examine the determinants of popular support for the Dayton Peace Accords. Our findings suggest that in each of the three main ethnic groups of Bosnia, more people would have voted for Dayton than against it and highlight the mechanisms through which individual and ethnic group security concerns shape support for the country’s post-conflict institutions.

Topic: Peacebuilding and International Security
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spurious Modulation of Electron Beams

This paper describes spurious modulation effects commonly observed in electron tubes employing high current electron beams. The modulation is caused by positive ions and secondary electrons moving in the beam. It is eliminated by pumping the tube to high vacuum and retarding or deflecting the secondary electrons.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
English Morphosyntax. On Adjectives, Adverbs and Prepositions

This book presents a comprehensive survey of the morphosyntax of English adjectives, adverbs and prepositions. Descriptive observations are supported with a wealth of authentic corpus examples, some quantitative distribution data, an occasional contrastive statement (mainly English vs. Croatian), and by reference to some of the key theoretical tenets of functional, i.e. cognitive linguistics.

Topic: Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The generalized lifting property of Bruhat intervlas

In [E. Tsukerman and L. Williams, {\em Bruhat Interval Polytopes}, Advances in Mathematics, 285 (2015), 766-810] it is shown that every Bruhat interval of the symmetric group satisfies the so-called generalized lifting property. In this paper we show that a Coxeter group satisfies this property if and only if it is finite and simply-laced.

Topic: Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Commercial Space Program: It’s Rescue Operation on Third State and Problems in International Law

Third State is somehow bound to obey the Rescue Agreement, 1967. Commercial Space Company is bound by National Law and International law, so they are bound to obey the agreement. The details discussion about commercial space program and its Rescue operation on a third state is here.

Topic: Space exploration and regulation
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION THROUGH PROGRESSIVE FAILURE IN TAILORED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES VIA EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

A composite material tailoring concept for progressive failure under tensile loading has been previously developed, modeled, and experimentally validated by the second author and his collaborators. The concept relies upon a sequential failure process induced in a structure of series connection of parallel redundant load path elements of tailored length and strength. The resulting yield-type response under tensile loading is characterized by an increased energy dissipation compared to a reference conventional structural element of nominally identical length and crosssectional area, and of the same composite material. In this work, this composite tailoring concept is computationally investigated for IM7-8552 composite material using a dynamic, explicit finite element analysis in Abaqus. The approach offers the advantage of capturing the stress wave propagation within the model throughout the dynamic failure sequence, thereby providing a better understanding of the failure progression and the energy dissipation mechanisms at work. In this study, progressive failure of the tailored composite structure is modeled and analyzed for different configurations of lengths and widths. Model predictions are illustrated for and compared with selected tailoring configurations from the literature. Developing an explicit finite element approach for analyzing the tailoring concept opens the door to characterizing a wide variety of related, more complex configurations for which analytical solutions do not yet exist or may not even be feasible, and/or for which experimental results may be difficult or overly expensive to obtain.

Topic: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain

There are many instances in life when a person wants or needs to forget a memory. These unwanted memories can range from something that is simply now irrelevant such as an outdated fact, to something as serious as a traumatic experience. In extreme cases such as post-traumatic stress disorder, the benefit of forgetting becomes obvious. As such, it is important that we understand not only how our brain is able to remember, but also how it is able to forget. Unlike the traditional view of incidental forgetting, recent studies have shown that forgetting can be a strategic and active process. However, the mechanisms by which we can intentionally suppress our memories are not fully understood. Moreover, most of the directed forgetting research has focused on suppressing visual memories. A more complete understanding of the way we can exert inhibitory control over our memories should include all sensory modalities. To address this issue, we examined whether similar electrophysiological findings, as reported in visual electroencephalography (EEG) studies of directed forgetting, would be observed in the auditory domain. Additionally, the role of the prefrontal cortex in this higher-order process was investigated. Here, we utilized the Think/No-Think paradigm to examine the neural correlates of the cognitive control of memory in three studies. First, we compared findings from healthy young adults in two tasks that varied in the number of to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten repetitions, and found that behavioral and electrophysiological evidence points to similar effects using auditory stimuli, but that it may be more difficult to achieve than the inhibition of visual memories. Second, we extended those findings to older adults, and found that they too showed behavioral and EEG evidence of successful suppression of unwanted auditory memories. Third, we determined that prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in the ability to actively inhibit auditory memories by examining the behavioral and EEG effects of unilateral frontal lesions in a patient cohort. The behavioral evidence for the inhibition of auditory memory and the corresponding electrophysiology is a step toward a more complete picture of how we intentionally suppress unwanted memories.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A new species of Homonota (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Paraguay, with a key to the genus

A new species of Homonota (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Paraguay, with a key to the genus. A new species of Homonota from Paraguay is described. The new taxon can be differentiated from other species in the genus by the body and head pholidosis as well as the coloration. Homonota sp. nov. seems to be very similar to H. uruguayensis, with which it shares the ecological preference of rocky environments, but both are different in their pholidosis. Homonota sp. nov. is currently only known from the type locality and is the only gekkonid lizard that inhabits the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest of Paraguay. An identification key for the species of the genus Homonota is provided.

Topic: Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of biochemical parameters in platelet concentrates stored in glucose solution.

The metabolic profile of glucose-enriched plasma concentrates on the fifth day of storage, and the different time course of increased LDH concentration, could represent valid parameters to interpret platelet vitality in the successive days of storage. These preliminary data also indicate that glucose might be a good additive for a new storage formulation.

Topic: Blood transfusion and management
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Being Mild and Gentle, Sincere and Broadminded and Chinese Aesthetic Psychology

Abstract Appearing for the first time in the chapter “Explanation of the Six Arts” of The Book of Rites , the term “being mild and gentle, sincere and broadminded” reflects Chinese aesthetic psychology. Based on the philosophy of the Mean and harmony, the term fuses poetry with music and extends them to the aesthetics of literature and art. It preserves the concept of harmony dating to the Zhou Dynasty (1046 B.C.E.–256 B.C.E.). After being explained by Confucius and expounded by Dai Sheng, the compiler of The Book of Rites , it influenced the studies of The Book of Songs and music theory of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.). It laid the foundation of the aesthetic psychology of the Chinese nation and still retains strong vitality.

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The concept of well-being and its effect on airline ticket purchasing

For very long time questions on and about well-being were discussed by several authors and are still present in recent literature. Although well-being research has grown increasingly within the last decade and in the field of consumer behavior, a transfer and use of its concept into the airline ticket purchasing process cannot be found. Until now, only a few authors have taken efforts to apply well-being as a potential factor within the consumer decision-making in travel and transportation research. Based on the theoretical roots of well-being, this paper analyses its constitution, function and use within human behavioral motivation to first describe and define well-being in general and second to investigate potential well-being factors that can be used within the airline ticket purchasing process.
By combining a review of relevant literature and qualitative research, well-being is defined as a condition or state of good, positive and pleasant feelings and a general feeling of happiness. It is mainly constituted by six major attributes: Positive social environment, being relaxation, freedom, trust, good feeling and myself. The transfer of general well-being factors from travel and transportation research identified seven aviation factors that supposedly affect passengers’ ticket purchases. These key factors are linked to specific airline options and are further specified in order to test the most appropriate on their effect within the airline ticket purchasing process. In the end, a conjoint analysis reveals that the derived well-being factors are only partly relevant for passengers’ ticket purchases. Yet, it is shown that air travelling is affected by hedonic well-being options, such as comfort, relaxation or joy. Airlines that focus on implementing effective hedonic
Wittmer, Daum: The concept of well-being and its effect on Airline ticket purchasing 1
well-being factors, such as seat comfort and ticket flexibility, can thus create additional value for customers through the creation of well-being.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Focal Cryo-Immunotherapy with Intratumoral IL-12 Prevents Recurrence of Large Murine Tumors

Focal ablation technologies are routinely used in the clinical management of inoperable solid tumors but they often result in incomplete ablations leading to high recurrence rates. Adjuvant therapies, capable of safely eliminating residual tumor cells, are therefore of great clinical interest. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent antitumor cytokine that can be localized intratumorally through coformulation with viscous biopolymers, including chitosan (CS) solutions. The objective of this research was to determine if localized immunotherapy with a CS/IL-12 formulation could prevent tumor recurrence after cryoablation (CA). Tumor recurrence and overall survival rates were assessed. Systemic immunity was evaluated in spontaneously metastatic and bilateral tumor models. Temporal bulk RNA sequencing was performed on tumor and draining lymph node (dLN) samples. In multiple murine tumor models, the addition of CS/IL-12 to CA reduced recurrence rates by 30–55%. Altogether, this cryo-immunotherapy induced complete durable regression of large tumors in 80–100% of treated animals. Additionally, CS/IL-12 prevented lung metastases when delivered as a neoadjuvant to CA. However, CA plus CS/IL-12 had minimal antitumor activity against established, untreated abscopal tumors. Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy delayed the growth of abscopal tumors. Transcriptome analyses revealed early immunological changes in the dLN, followed by a significant increase in gene expression associated with immune suppression and regulation. Cryo-immunotherapy with localized CS/IL-12 reduces recurrences and enhances the elimination of large primary tumors. This focal combination therapy also induces significant but limited systemic antitumor immunity.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences