jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learning to Filter: Siamese Relation Network for Robust Tracking

Despite the great success of Siamese-based trackers, their performance under complicated scenarios is still not satisfying, especially when there are distractors. To this end, we propose a novel Siamese relation network, which introduces two efficient modules, i.e. Relation Detector (RD) and Refinement Module (RM). RD performs in a meta-learning way to obtain a learning ability to filter the distractors from the background while RM aims to effectively integrate the proposed RD into the Siamese framework to generate accurate tracking result. Moreover, to further improve the discriminability and robustness of the tracker, we introduce a contrastive training strategy that attempts not only to learn matching the same target but also to learn how to distinguish the different objects. Therefore, our tracker can achieve accurate tracking results when facing background clutters, fast motion, and occlusion. Experimental results on five popular benchmarks, including VOT2018, VOT2019, OTB100, LaSOT, and UAV123, show that the proposed method is effective and can achieve state-of-the-art results. The code will be available at https://github.com/hqucv/siamrn

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Control of undulator radiation using a Laser Plasma Acceleration Source

Abstract Spontaneous undulator radiation emission, after the COXINEL line using a Laser Plasma acceleration (LPA) source, has been observed. The line enables to manipulate the electron beam phase space such as emittance, dispersion and energy spread along a 10 m long transport. The large divergence is handled at a very early stage to mitigate the chromatic emittance, using high gradient permanent magnet based quadrupoles mounted on translation tables. The operating energy is between 161-180 MeV focused in a 2-m long cryo-ready undulator with a period of 18 mm emitting light in the Ultra-Violet range. The spectral flux is characterized using a spectrometer. The wavelength is tuned by either changing the electron beam energy or by adjusting the undulator gap. The radiation pattern signature is illustrated alongside its dependence on the energy spread that is modified by introducing a slit in a magnetic chicane where a small relative bandwidth of 5% has been achieved.

Topic: Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Dependence of the properties of dioxane-based scintillation systems on the concentration of the components].

Characteristics of dioxan-based scintillation system have been studied. A composition for scintillation cocktails ensuring an effective homogeneous count of radioactive water samples (0-8% V) at minimum expense of ethyl alcohol has been suggested.

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Silicon alleviates drought stress by up-regulating physiological and biochemical responses in two contrasting bread wheat cultivars

Abstract Drought stress (DS) substantially reduces plant growth and productivity in a rainfed cropping environment. Silicon (Si) has been recognized for its potential to alleviate the detrimental effects of various environmental stresses. However, its precise mechanisms in mitigating early growth DS and its impact on related physiological and biochemical attributes remain less understood. The present study, conducted in a glasshouse using a complete randomized design with four replications, was aimed to explore the role of pre-sowing Si treatment on two contrasting wheat cultivars (RAC875, drought-tolerant; Kukri, drought-susceptible) in mitigating the physiological and biochemical disruptions induced by early growth DS (14 days at 38 ± 3% pot field capacity). The results showed that Si treatment significantly increased the number of productive tillers and fresh weight in both cultivars under DS. Compared to the control (DS without Si treatment), Si treatment significantly enhanced chlorophyll content (RAC875, 8.7%; Kukri, 12.7%), relative water content (RAC875, 10.8%; Kukri, 18.1%), and chlorophyll fluorescence (RAC875, 10.1%; Kukri, 22.3%) under DS conditions. Additionally, Si treatment increased total soluble sugars, fructose content, and free amino acids while reducing proline content and lipid peroxidation concentrations in both cultivars under DS. Moreover, Si treatment significantly boosted cellular antioxidant activities, including ascorbate peroxidase (RAC875, 11.3%; Kukri, 9.2%), catalase (RAC875, 22.2%; Kukri, 25.5%), and peroxidase (RAC875, 19%; Kukri, 15.8%) under DS. Overall, these results show that Si effectively alleviates early growth DS by up-regulating antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and the photochemical process, thereby improving plant growth and productivity through enhanced photosynthesis.

Topic: Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Perception Sensor Dataset For Bioinspired Landing Trajectories Of An Ornithopter Robot

The dataset contains the measurements captured by several onboard sensors during the landing maneuvers of an ornithopter robot. Each dataset contains a ROS bag file with the sensor measurements, a file with the bioinspired trajectory, a file with the events generated by the simulated event-based sensor, and a README file with the instructions to use the dataset. The bioinspired landing trajectories are computed using Tau Theory. Each landing trajectory test was performed in a simulated scenario. The object models of each scene can be found in the /model/meshes folder of each scene. There are two testing scenes: (i) a warehouse and (ii) a refinery. The file object_pose.csv includes the position and orientation of each object in the scene. The sensor measurements were saved in rosbag file that contains a topic for each sensor measurement. The dataset includes information from the following simulated sensors: Velodyne HDL-32E Sonar sensor with a range of 20 m IMU Frame based monocular camera Event camera

Topic: Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lowest wealth quintiles predispose under-five children to stunting in Ethiopia: Updates of systematic review and meta-analysis

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Malnutrition remains as a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia has been decreased considerably from 58% in 2000 to 44% in 2011 and 38% in 2016. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of stunting and its associations with wealth index among under-five children in Ethiopia. <bold>Methodology: </bold>The databases screened were PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, HINARI and grey literatures. The studies’ qualities were assessed by two reviewers independently, and any controversy was handled by other reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In the statistical analysis, the funnel plot, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test were used to assess publication bias. The I<sup>2 </sup>statistic, forest plot, and Cochran’s Q test were used to deal with heterogeneity. <bold>Results: </bold>The pooled prevalence of stunting was 41.5% among under-five children, despite its considerable heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>=97.6%, p&lt;0.001). However, the included studies had no publication bias in calculating the pooled prevalence (Egger’s test p=0.26; Begg’s test p=0.87). Children from households with a medium or low/poor wealth index had higher odds of stunting (AOR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.65 or AOR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.54, respectively) compared to children from households with a high/rich wealth index. <bold>Conclusions: </bold>The pooled prevalence of stunting is great. In the subgroup analysis, the Amhara region, followed by the Oromia region and then the Tigray region had the highest prevalence of stunting

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Data science research and practice: High time for synergy

ABSTRACT Rapid increase in the rate of information and communication technology innovations resulted in the Big Data phenomenon and, in turn, led to challenges in data curation, management, processing, access, preservation, and dissemination. To effectively address these challenges, synergistic collaborations and partnerships between researchers and practitioners need to be established. For research to inform practice, and vice versa, the ASIS&amp;T community, specifically those engaged in data science research and practice, need to regularly share their ideas, issues, findings, and best practices so that this young sub‐discipline can grow and thrive. We believe a suitable time has arrived for all stakeholders to deliberate on how best to create synergy between researchers and practitioners in order to help set the agenda for the near and distant future. To that end, we are proposing an interactive panel where panelists will lead a discussion by researchers and practitioners to identify any gaps with respect to data science research and practice to collaboratively find ways to address them.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Some Correlates of Emotional Well-Being Among New England College Students

Abstract In a questionnaire survey of New England college students, a large number of undergraduate men and women reported problems related to their personal, social, or academic adjustment. Given a list of 22 items described as “common concerns or feelings experienced by college students,” respondents were asked to rate the extent to which each item had been a problem for them in the past year. Most students (86%) reported having very much or somewhat of a problem with one or more items on the list. Pressure to do well in school, problems with weight control, anxiety, poor concentration and depression were among the most commonly reported concerns. The prevalence of these self-reported concerns and problems was found to be significantly associated with the respondents' sex, their perceptions of their health status, and academic standing.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage].

Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage is most frequently due to rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Pathology in other retroperitoneal organs, most often the kidney and the adrenal gland, may cause retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Spontaneous rupture of veins, especially the iliac vein, and haemorrhage secondary to anticoagulant therapy, are less common causes. The symptoms are variable and non-specific, but most often include acute abdominal pain, hypotension, peritoneal irritation and a palpable abdominal mass. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography, computerized tomography, and if relevant angiography or scintigraphy. We discuss three patients with spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage, examine the clinical approach and the role of the various diagnostic aids, and consider how the various conditions should be dealt with.

Topic: Case Reports on Hematomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MORPHING OF TRIANGULAR MESHES IN SHAPE SPACE

We present a novel approach to morph between two isometric poses of the same\nnon-rigid object given as triangular meshes. We model the morphs as linear\ninterpolations in a suitable shape space $\\mathcal{S}$. For triangulated 3D\npolygons, we prove that interpolating linearly in this shape space corresponds\nto the most isometric morph in $\\mathbb{R}^3$. We then extend this shape space\nto arbitrary triangulations in 3D using a heuristic approach and show the\npractical use of the approach using experiments. Furthermore, we discuss a\nmodified shape space that is useful for isometric skeleton morphing. All of the\nnewly presented approaches solve the morphing problem without the need to solve\na minimization problem.\n

Topic: 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct current breakdown in gases for complex geometries from high vacuum to atmospheric pressure

The demand for improved performances of power transmission devices requires ever smaller dimensions and higher working voltages which lead to increased risk of breakdown, for example, in satellite slip rings. Previous works are mostly limited to breakdown in simple geometries such as parallel plates or pin to plate. Here we discuss the effect of more complex geometries for dc breakdown in gases over a large pressure range (2 x 10(-5) to 10(3) mbar). Experimental measurements of dc gas discharge breakdown in a ring assembly geometry are compared with a numerical simulation model for gas breakdown using a fluid model. Starting with parallel plates (1 and 100 mm gap width representing approximately the shortest and longest electric field path lengths in the ring assembly geometry) and extending to double gap and multi-gap geometries, an understanding of the overall shape of the breakdown voltage versus pressure curve is established. The high (low) pressure thresholds of gas discharge are determined by the shortest (longest) electric field path length in a complex geometry. Moreover, the availability of multiple path lengths leads to a breakdown voltage minimum over a wide range of intermediate pressure because breakdown can occur in the most favourable gap. Finally, the numerical simulation in the ring assembly shows the importance of parameters such as the secondary electron emission coefficient which play a major role in determining the breakdown voltage value.

Topic: Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Post-industrial regional tourism planning: the South Wales valleys - strategy for development and conservation in the 1980s.

This chapter evaluates regional tourism and conservation planning in the South Wales Valleys in the 1980s. It is indicated that the absence of a Regional Authority, and the diminishing development role of the Wales Tourist Board, led to a continuing myopic role of the competing, small-scale and introverted local authorities - who failed to see the need for a wider strategic approach, and the need for a mix of complementary, rather than competing developments. The idea of clustered developments and provisions is still neither understood, nor applied in South Wales.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The allosteric effect of the upper half of SENP1 contributes to its substrate selectivity for SUMO1 over SUMO2

SUMOylation regulates various cellular process and SENP1 (SUMO-specific protease 1) serves as a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) specific protease that participates in the SUMO cycle. Given its extensive influences on metabolic activities, SENP1 has gained more and more attentions in clinical treatments. However, there remains a question on why does the SENP1 prefer to process SUMO1 rather than SUMO2. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of SENP1-SUMO1, SENP1-SUMO2, and <i>apo</i> SENP1 systems and observed distinct conformational dynamics in the upper half of the clamp and the three loops in the catalytic center of the SENP1. Principal component analysis revealed that the most prominent canonical variable represented the spatial distribution of the upper half of the clamp, while the openness of the cleft was closely related to the catalytic ability of SENP1. Further analysis of the SENP1-SUMO interactions revealed that the extensive and strong interactions between the SENP1 and SUMO1 were both in the interface of the upper half region and the catalytic center. Dynamic cross-correlation matrix analysis demonstrated that the inter-residue correlations in the SUMO1 system was much stronger, especially in the two essential regions belonging to the upper and lower half of cleft. Based on these observations, we proposed an allosteric propagation model and further testified it using the community analysis. These results revealed the propagation pathway of allosteric communication that contributed to the substrate discrimination of SENP1 upon SUMO1 and SUMO2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Distribution ecology of the harpy eagle: spatial patterns and processes to direct conservation planning

Accurately demarcating species distributions has long been at the core of ecology. Yet our understanding of the factors limiting species range limits is incomplete, especially for tropical species. Human-driven threats to the survival of many taxa are increasing, particularly habitat loss and climate change. Identifying distributional range limits of at-risk species can thus inform spatial conservation planning to mitigate these threats. The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a large raptor distributed across Neotropical lowland forests, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, currently threatened by habitat loss and persecution. Coupled with climate change, harpy eagle distribution may contract or shift leading to uncertainty on its future conservation. Here, I use point process regression models and ordination to identify harpy eagle environmental range limits and recommend spatial conservation planning measures for the species. I propose a revised range size 11 % smaller and an Extent of Occurrence 26 % less than the current estimates. By including biotic interactions in model predictions, I show that prey resources are more important for limiting harpy eagle distribution than climatic conditions. When compared to crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis) distribution, the harpy eagle’s primary competitor, both species shared identical habitat resource space, with only subtle differences in distribution. Range-wide habitat use indicated that harpy eagles prefer areas of 70-75 % evergreen forest cover, low elevation and high vegetation heterogeneity, but avoid cultivated land, mosaic forest and complex topography. The current Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) network covered 17 % of medium to high harpy eagle habitat exceeding the protected area target representation (10 %). Under a future high emissions climate change scenario, range size was predicted to decrease by 14.4 % by 2090, with the IBA network covering 14 % less of its current coverage. Despite its large range, the harpy eagle has specialized habitat requirements and would benefit from targeted conservation measures based on spatial models in order to maintain viable populations.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Malignant Craniopharyngioma: The Effect of Radiation Therapy on Malignant Transformation and Chemotherapy on Survival

Background: Malignant craniopharyngioma is a rare tumor with few published case reports. It can form de novo or transform from a benign variant and is associated with a dismal survival rate. We reviewed the literature for all published cases and studied the effect of radiation on the rate of malignant transformation. We analyzed the effect of chemotherapy on survival.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Individualized Dietary Intervention in Anthropometric Profile Improvement and Metabolic Control of Sedentary Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized dietary intervention on nutritional diagnosis and metabolic control in sedentary subjects with type 2-diabetes. Materials and Methods:This controlled clinical trial, investigated 80 adults, of both sexes, divided into intervention group (IG: 40 individuals with dietary intervention and hypoglycemic drug) and control group (CG: 40 individuals with hypoglycemic drug).Individualized dietary intervention was conducted, for 3 months, based on the American Diabetes Association (2002).We evaluated anthropometric variables: total body mass (TBM) and height to calculate body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC); biochemical variables: blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); and dietary variables: energy, macronutrients, cholesterol and fibers.For inferential statistics two-way ANOVA was used with significant level of 95%. Results:In the inter group analysis, the CG showed significant increase in TBM (Δ%=0.78),BMI (Δ%=0.76),WC (Δ%=0.75);whereas IG showed significant decrease in TBM (Δ%=-3.71),BMI (Δ%=-3.77),WC (Δ%=-3.98).In comparing the mean RI inter groups, there was significant difference in energy, lipids, saturated fats, cholesterol, fibers; blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HbA1c. Conclusions:The individualized dietary intervention was efficient in the improvement of anthropometric and biochemical variables of sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dangers associated with the use of traditional herbal medicine in treating COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a surge in the use of traditional herbal medicine as an adjunctive treatment. Despite historical use and anecdotal success, the integration of herbal remedies into modern therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 management presents complex challenges, including potential safety risks, efficacy concerns, and quality control issues. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the current literature on the use of traditional herbal medicine in treating COVID-19, focusing on potential dangers, toxicological considerations, and the need for rigorous clinical evaluation.

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences