jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Sign Language Recognition with Efficient Hand Gesture Representation

Abstract: Image classification is one amongst classical issue of concern in image processing. There are various techniques for solving this issue. Sign languages are natural language that want to communicate with deaf and mute people. There's much different sign language within the world. But the most focused of system is on Sign language (SL) which is on the way of standardization there in the system will focused on hand gestures only. Hand gesture is extremely important a part of the body for exchange ideas, messages, and thoughts among deaf and dumb people. The proposed system will recognize the number 0 to 9 and alphabets from American language. It'll divide into three parts i.e., pre-processing, feature extraction, classification. It'll initially identify the gestures from American Sign language. Finally, the system processes that gesture to recognize number with the assistance of classification using CNN. Additionally, we'll play the speech of that identified alphabets. Keywords: Hybrid Approach, American Sign Language, Number Gesture Recognition. Feature Extraction.

Topic: Hand Gesture Recognition Systems
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in rats and hens.

Adult male Long-Evans rats and White Leghorn hens were given 30 mg/kg mipafox ip. Administration of this organophosphorus ester resulted in > or = 89% inhibition of brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase activity in both species 4 hr after dosing. Our sequential, comparative study of the bilateral mipafox-induced neuropathy in the medulla and cervical spinal cord in hens and rats demonstrated that the rats had well-developed, vacuolar axonopathic lesions in the fasciculus gracilis by post-dosing day 7. Severely affected rats with such lesions were noted through day 21, but not subsequently (days 28 and 35). The hen had a slower developing, but more severe, consistent and longer lasting neuropathy than the rat. In these birds, lesions in the medulla and rostral cervical spinal cord levels were more extensive, involving large regions of both the spinocerebellar tracts and fasciculus gracilis. Neuropathic changes, including myelinated fiber axonopathy and Wallerian-like degeneration, were prominent from days 14 - 35 in hens, and were associated with prominent gliosis in the later stages.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Stigma, Hopelessness, Depression and Associated Factors in People Living with HIV

Background: It was aimed to determine stigma, hopelessness, depression and associated factors in people living with HIV (PLWH).Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 57 PLWH who admitted to Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital hospital between March 01-April 30, 2022. Berger HIV Stigma Scale, Beck Hope-lessness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were filled during face-to-face interviews with patients.Results: It was determined Berger HIV-Stigma Scale mean score was high level (104.5±16.7), Beck Hopelessness Scale mean score was medium level (7.6±6.1) and Beck Depression Inventory mean score was medium level (16.3±13.7). Hopelessness rate was determined as 63.2% and depression rate as 40.4%. It was found a moder-ate correlation between stigma and hopelessness (r=0.44), a high level of correlation between stigma and depression (r=0.52), and a very high positive correlation between hopelessness and depression (r=0.80). Besides, a hopeless individual living with HIV was found to be odds 76 times more likely to be exposed to de-pression than a hopeful individual. In the regression analysis, it was determined that being single and growing up in a non-conservative family decreased HIV-stigma. On the other hand, it was observed that having to hide being infected with HIV increased HIV-stigma. It was determined that having to hide contagion with HIV de-creased hopelessness (odds=0.13) but depression increased hopelessness (odds=1.21). It was determined that hopelessness increased depression (odds=1.87).Conclusions: Stigma, hopelessness and depression are seen at high rates among PLWH and hopelessness in-creases depression significantly.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Revolutionising Ai Deployment: Survey On Hardware Acceleration for Machine Learning Optimisation and Resilience

This compilation of research studies holds the utmost significance in hardware acceleration for machine learning. In our current era, characterised by the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, these studies tackle crucial challenges in optimising neural network accelerators' performance, energy efficiency, and resilience. The importance lies in their potential to revolutionise AI implementation across various domains. Efficient hardware accelerators are a cornerstone in unlocking the full potential of AI, enabling breakthroughs in deep learning, high-speed train fault detection and isolation, and numerous other applications. By improving memory management, facts placement, bus scheduling, and fault tolerance, that research paves the way for AI structures which are both powerful and sustainable, making AI accessible and impactful in a wide variety of fields. This research is important for fostering the growth and adoption of AI, ultimately remodelling how we interact with technology and facts in our daily lives.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Dysferlin Protein–Protein Interaction Pathways in the Organ of Corti and Spiral Ganglion Intersect with Alzheimer’s Protein Pathways

Dysferlin direct protein–protein interactions (PPI) previously have been elucidated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and predicted to underlie membrane repair in mechanotransducing myofibrils. In mechanotransducing inner ear hair cells, dysferlin is detected with Z-stack confocal immunofluorescence in the stereocilia and their inserts in the tectorial membrane (TM) co-localizing with FKBP8, consistent with the SPR determination of tight, positively Ca2+-dependent interaction. FKBP8, a direct binding partner of mechanotransducing TMC1, when overexpressed, evokes an elevation in anti-apoptotic BCL2, inhibition of ryanodine receptor (RYR) activity, and a consequent reduction in Ca2+ release. RYR3 has now been immunolocalized to the tip of the TM in close association with a third-row outer hair cell (OHC) stereociliary BCL2-positive insertion. Dysferlin, annexin A2, and Alzheimer’s proteins BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) are also accumulated in these stereociliary insertions. RYR2 and RYR1 have been immunolocalized to the TM core, in position to influence TM Ca2+. Dysferlin PPI pathways also intersect with AD protein pathways in the spiral ganglion (SG). Dysferlin segregates with FKBP8, BACE1, and RYR3 in the interiors of SG type I cell bodies. RYR1, RYR2, PSEN1, BCL2, and caspase 3 are primarily confined to plasma membrane sites. RYR3 pathways traverse the plasma membrane to the cell body interior. Western analysis of dysferlinopathy proteins links FKBP8 and BCL2 overexpression with RYR inhibition, indicative of dysferlin targets that are ameliorative in AD.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Glycolysis of Rigid Polyurethane Foam under Various Reaction Conditions

The dissolution time of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) under various glycolysis conditions was examined in a detailed investigation of the glycolysis reactivity of PUF. PUF dissolution depended on the molecular weight of glycol. Dipropylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol dissolved PUF in the shortest time among polypropylene glycols and polyethylene glycols, respectively. PUF dissolution time was reduced to one-half for each 10 C rise in the range of 170–200 C. Also PUF dissolution time was inverselyproportional to KOH (catalyst) concentration. Dibutyltindilaurate concentration had less influence on PUF dissolution time than KOH concentration. Smaller PUF particles dissolved in a shorter time. Especially, the initial glycolysis conversion of PUF was proportional to the total surface area of PUF particles.

Topic: Polymer composites and self-healing
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On some parasitic laelaptoid mites (Acarina) of the Philippines

Little is known about the parasitic mites of the Far East, espe- cially of the Philippines.Only one species, Haemolaelaps bibbyi Strandtmann and Hunt (1950), has been reported from this area.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effects of Chronic High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract &#13;\n\tAdvancements in medicine and post-injury care has allowed for the extended life expectancy following spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, such advancements have led to a paradigm shift in the prevalence of secondary health complications from renal and pulmonary to cardiovascular and metabolic. In the able-bodied literature, accumulating evidence for high intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown that this time efficient, heart safe style of exercise may have advantages over moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) as a means to reduce cardiometabolic risk. The effectiveness of HIIT in an SCI population has yet to be explored. The current study examined the effectiveness of the “5 by 1” HIIT protocol over a 6-week timeframe, consisting of three supervised sessions per week in an SCI population. Outcome measures included VO2peak, cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure, pro an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Results of the current study suggest that this protocol is an effective means to significantly improve aerobic fitness, however the intervention did induce significant metabolic change. Limitations such as small sample size (N=7) and the relatively short intervention duration may have limited these results. Further research focused on the effectiveness of HIIT in an SCI population is warranted to explore whether the metabolic benefit from HIIT may be dependent on a minimum baseline fitness level or power output that some individuals may not possess. In conclusion, the “5 by 1” HIIT protocol proved to be an effective means of improving aerobic capacity and therefore represents an alternative to the currently suggested MICT.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Three Eichendorff Lieder of Hans Pfitzner: A study of musical and poetic affinity

"Joseph von Eichendorff relied upon the sounds of words to create a poetic atmosphere; this is metaphorical rather than literal. Hans Pfitzner rarely used overt text-painting (madrigalism), yet created highly evocative music. This, like the poetry of Eichendorff, is metaphorical interpretation rather than literal depiction; therefore, Pfitzner's Eichendorff settings lend compound illumination to the poetry. "Three Eichendorff Lieder of Hans Pfitzner: A Study of Poetic and Musical Affinity" explores three such settings. This project is limited to the examination of Pfitzner's setting of three Eichendorff poems: "Der Versp tete Wanderer," "Das Alter," and "In Danzig." To the best of the author's knowledge, each of these poems has received only one other musical setting. Analysis of the music and poetry will be for the purpose of demonstrating the affinity of Pfitzner's and Eichendorff's compositional aims, rather than to formal theoretical ends. Eichendorff's general stylistic traits will be noted, though extensive poetic analysis will be limited to the three poems at hand. Likewise, Pfitzner's general compositional traits will be set forth, and in-depth analysis will be reserved for the three Lieder topical to this study. Drawing on information gathered from examination of the poetry and Pfitzner's settings thereof, the present study will relate the compositional goals of Eichendorff and Pfitzner to show an affinity between composer and poet. Eichendorff's poetic intentions as interpreted by Pfitzner's music will be elucidated."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Topic: Linguistic research and analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
When the Spirits are Angry, God Gains in Popularity: Exploring the Emergence of Bunong Protestantism in the Highlands of Cambodia

The two-fold aim of this paper is to outline a hitherto largely unknown history of evangelical Christianity among the Cambodian Bunong and to reflect upon aspects that may have been relevant in the encounters between Protestant missionaries and this minority population living in the highlands bordering with Vietnam. Relying on historical missionary accounts and on Bunong narratives gathered during fieldwork in Mondulkiri province, I will explore three moments of this meeting of different “ thought-worlds”— from the lack of success of early evangelisation efforts during the colonial and post-independence era, over the first conversions during the Vietnam War, to the installation and limited spread of Christianity in liberated Cambodia from the 1980s to the 1990s. In these various political and socio-environmental contexts, particular attention is given to the part of ritual practice in the dynamic of conversion, as it appeared to be a topic shared by the animist highlanders and the evangelical emissaries.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A new general method for simultaneous fitting of temperature and concentration dependence of reaction rates yields kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for HIV reverse transcriptase specificity

Recent studies have demonstrated the dominant role of induced fit in enzyme specificity of HIV reverse transcriptase and many other enzymes. However, relevant thermodynamic parameters are lacking, and equilibrium thermodynamic methods are of no avail because the key parameters can only be determined by kinetic measurement. By modifying KinTek Explorer software, we present a new general method for globally fitting data collected over a range of substrate concentrations and temperatures and apply it to HIV reverse transcriptase. Fluorescence stopped-flow methods were used to record the kinetics of enzyme conformational changes that monitor nucleotide binding and incorporation. The nucleotide concentration dependence was measured at temperatures ranging from 5 to 37 °C, and the raw data were fit globally to derive a single set of rate constants at 37 °C and a set of activation enthalpy terms to account for the kinetics at all other temperatures. This comprehensive analysis afforded thermodynamic parameters for nucleotide binding (K(d), ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at 37 °C) and kinetic parameters for enzyme conformational changes and chemistry (rate constants and activation enthalpy). Comparisons between wild-type enzyme and a mutant resistant to nucleoside analogs used to treat HIV infections reveal that the ground state binding is weaker and the activation enthalpy for the conformational change step is significantly larger for the mutant. Further studies to explore the structural underpinnings of the observed thermodynamics and kinetics of the conformational change step may help to design better analogs to treat HIV infections and other diseases. Our new method is generally applicable to enzyme and chemical kinetics.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sleepless in the Hospital

From the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland. Supported by the Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Correspondence: Carolyn M. Clancy, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).

Topic: Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Initiator regions from the small size class of reovirus messenger RNA protected by rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes.

In order to investigate the general utility of the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translating system for isolation of ribosome-protected initiator regions of eukaryotic mRNA, we have studied ribosome protection of 32P-labeled reovirus small mRNA species. Our studies show that rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes protect initiator regions in at least two of the four reovirus small mRNA molecules. RNA sequence analysis demonstrates that 40 S subunits protect additional sequences to the 5' side of the initiator AUG triplet.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A historical outline of surgical treatment for congenital chest wall deformities

This paper presents the most important events concerning the surgical treatment of congenital chest wall deformities from the early twentieth century to current times. This historical outline features the most deserved and most prominent surgeons in this field, such as F. Sauerbruch, M. Ravitch, D. Nuss, and others. We also recall the Polish pioneers of the surgical treatment of chest wall deformities, including M. Rzepecki, R. Drews, and J. Fibak, at the same time referring to contemporary experiences.

Topic: Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Core–Shell MOF@COF Motif Hybridization: Selectively\nFunctionalized Precursors for Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Embedded\nNitrogen-Rich Carbon Architectures with Superior Capacitive Deionization\nPerformance

Metal–organic\nframeworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic\nframeworks (COFs) are promising precursors for preparing high-performance\ncarbonaceous materials for capacitive deionization (CDI). However,\nthe simple pyrolysis of single MOFs or COFs usually leads to carbonaceous\nmaterials with disadvantages in salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and\ncycling stability, which are unfavorable to the further development\nof CDI. To address this issue, herein, we report the directed core–shell\nmotif hybridization of COFs on MOFs to obtain selectively functionalized\ncarbonaceous precursors, NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-MIL-125­(Ti)@TP-DQ COF, which\nthen produce titanium dioxide nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen-rich\ncarbon architectures, called TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;@COF, &lt;i&gt;via&lt;/i&gt; pyrolysis. It is evidently expected that the resulting TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;@COF possesses several advantageous features: (1) the inner core,\nwhich contains titanium dioxide nanoparticles, provides abundant faradic\nactive sites for ion accommodation contributing additionally to the\nhigh SAC; (2) the outer capacitive shell, which is fibrous nitrogen-rich\ncarbon, not only protects the inner core from the harsh environment\nof the solution and stabilizes the cycling performance but also affords\nplentiful nitrogen dopants for enhanced pseudocapacitive capacity\nand abundant pores for ion adsorption and electrolyte permeation;\nand (3) the outer COF-derived fibers interconnect with each other,\ngiving rise to increasing electrical conductivity. As a result, TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;@COF delivers a high SAC of 33.66 mg g&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; and favorable cycling stability over 40 cycles, significantly exceeding\nthose of CDI electrodes derived from single MOFs or COFs. This work\nis expected to enrich the construction of selectively functionalized\ncarbonaceous particles from MOFs and COFs and may also endow multiple\npromising applications of core–shell motif hybrids.

Topic: Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cellular physiology of the turtle visual cortex: distinctive properties of pyramidal and stellate neurons

The electrophysiological properties of neurons in the three-layered dorsal cortex of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, have been studied in vitro. Intracellular recordings suggested two distinct classes of neuronal behavior. Cell labeling with either Lucifer Yellow or horseradish peroxidase revealed that these behaviors correlated with the two morphological classes of cortical neurons: pyramidal cells and stellate cells. Examination of Golgi-stained neurons of dorsal cortex did not uncover any other obvious classes. Pyramidal cells had their somata in the cell layer, and extended several densely spined apical dendrites through the molecular layer to the pia. They also had spiny basilar dendrites directed through the subcellular layer toward the ependymal border. Physiologically, pyramidal cells had relatively prolonged action potentials that showed marked frequency adaptation during a sustained suprathreshold current pulse. Their most striking characteristic was a tendency to fire two discrete sizes of action potential, one small (mean = 34 mV) and of relatively low threshold, the other large (mean = 76 mV) and of higher threshold. We hypothesize that at least some small spikes arise from distal dendritic sites, whereas large spikes are somatically generated. Both spikes were tetrodotoxin-sensitive, although calcium-dependent electrogenesis occurred when potassium channels were blocked. In contrast to pyramidal cells, the somata of stellate cells were found in the molecular and subcellular zones. Their dendrites tended to be horizontally oriented and spine-free. Stellate cells had relatively brief action potentials, each of which was followed by a large but short-lasting undershoot of membrane potential. Stellate cells showed little or no spike frequency adaptation. Spike amplitudes were always relatively uniform and large (mean = 73 mV). Thus, in the dorsal cortex of turtles, the pyramidal cells, which are projection neurons, and stellate cells, which are local GABAergic inhibitory neurons, have distinctly different membrane characteristics. The physiological properties of the two types of turtle cortical neurons are very similar to their counterparts in cortical structures of the mammalian telencephalon.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences