jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimum Dimensional Analysis With Applications to Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

A robust, straightforward technical procedure referred to as “optimum dimensional analysis” that is a hybrid of conventional dimensional analysis and optimum similarity analysis is proposed here to find a smallest set of system dimensionless power products of dimensions for nondimensionalizing a set of system equations. With these dimensionless parameters, the system behavior can be fully described by a most concise set of dimensionless governing equations and boundary/initial conditions. Functional relationships between the system dependent dimensionless parameters and a smallest set of system independent dimensionless parameters are thereby established. All alternative sets of optimum dimensionless parameters can be identified without any computational complications. A simple illustration is given first to analyze a time-dependent initial value problem. Applications to EHL of rectangular and elliptical contacts then follow. Because the inference process of the optimum dimensional analysis always arrives at clearest and simplest formulas for system dependency equations, especially for initial value problems, this process may be simply referred to as “optimum analysis.”

Topic: Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Frontal Sinus and Frontal Recess: Anatomical, Radiological and Surgical Concepts

Abstract Introduction The frontal sinus (FS) is the most complex of the paranasal sinuses due to its location, anatomical variations and multiple clinical presentations. The surgical management of the FS and of the frontal recess (FR) is technically challenging, and a complete understanding of its anatomy, radiology, main diseases and surgical techniques is crucial to achieve therapeutic success. Objectives To review the FS and FR anatomy, radiology, and surgical techniques. Data Synthesis The FS features a variety of anatomical, volumetric and dimensional characteristics. From the endoscopic point of view, the FR is the point of greatest narrowing and, to have access to this region, one must know the anatomical limits and the ethmoid cells that are located around the FR and very often block the sinus drainage. Benign diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), mucocele and osteomas are the main pathologies found in the FS; however, there is a wide variety of malignant tumors that can also affect this region and represent a major technical challenge to the surgeon. With the advances in the endoscopic technique, the vast majority of diseases that affect the FS can be treated according to Wolfgang Draf, who systemized the approaches into four types (I, IIa, IIb, III). Conclusion Both benign and malignant diseases that affect the FS and FR can be successfully managed if one has a thorough understanding of the FS and FR anatomy, an individualized approach of the best surgical technique in each case, and the appropriate tools to operate in this region.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dissociating Valuation and Saliency Signals during Decision-Making

There is a growing consensus that the brain computes value and saliency-like signals at the time of decision-making. Value signals are essential for making choices. Saliency signals are related to motivation, attention, and arousal. Unfortunately, an unequivocal characterization of the areas involved in these 2 distinct sets of processes is made difficult by the fact that, in most experiments, both types of signals are highly correlated. We dissociated value and saliency signals using a novel human functional magnetic resonance imaging decision-making task. Activity in the medial orbitofrontal, rostral anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortices was modulated by value but not saliency. The opposite was true for dorsal anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, insula, and the precentral and fusiform gyri. Only the ventral striatum and the cuneus were modulated by both value and saliency.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Joinder of third parties: new institutional developments

The number of international arbitration proceedings involving multiple parties has exponentially increased in the last years. As a reaction to this trend, some of the most relevant arbitration institutions have included in recent revisions of their rules specific provisions dealing with multi-party arbitration. The aim of this article is to analyse and compare the institutional rules provisions on joinder of parties that have not been involved in the arbitral proceeding from its commencement. The analysis is conducted according to different criteria, namely, if the rules include an ad hoc provision on joinder; if the provision requires the agreement of the parties for the joinder to be granted; if there is a time limit for an application on joinder; and whether the power to decide on the joinder lies in the court or in the arbitral institution.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis of a Helical Analogue of Kekulene: A Flexible π-Expanded Helicene with Large Helical Diameter Acting as a Soft Molecular Spring

A π-expanded helicene that is the helically twisted analogue of kekulene was synthesized using a 6-fold ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) reaction as a key step. The π-expanded geometry with large helical diameter ( d<sub>h</sub> = 10.2 Å), consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms (C<sub>54</sub>H<sub>30</sub>), was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. We found that the π-expanded helicene with large helical diameter will act as a soft molecular spring with a small spring constant. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the molecular springs roughly satisfied a physical formula for macroscopic spring materials; i.e., the force constant of the elongation of a molecular spring ( k) is inversely proportional to the third power of the helical diameter ( k ∝ d<sub>h</sub><sup>-3</sup>).

Topic: Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resistance to Annexin A5 Anticoagulant Activity and Specificity for Anti-B2GPI Domain I Antibodies in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Abstract Background Obstetric antiphospholipid (aPL) syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of persisting aPL with previous unexplained recurrent first trimester pregnancy loss, &amp;/or intrauterine death, &amp;/or placental dysfunction (severe pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation or placental abruption). The placental anticoagulant protein Annexin A5 (AnxA5) is expressed on the surfaces of placental syncytiotrophoblasts where it has been postulated to play a thrombomodulatory role. aPL antibodies have been demonstrated to reduce the quantity of AnxA5 on these cells and accelerate plasma coagulation. Resistance to AnxA5 anticoagulant activity has previously been demonstrated in APS patients with thrombotic histories. We have investigated whether plasma samples from patients with the obstetric APS also interfere with AnxA5 anticoagulant activity and also whether this correlated with antibody recognition of domain I on β2GPI. Methods Plasmas were obtained from 30 healthy non-pregnant donors (median age 34, range 18–55) and 70 healthy non-pregnant women with previous obstetric APS (median age 39, range 24–58), and assayed for AnxA5 resistance and anti-β2GPI domain I antibodies, using previously published assays. Results Women with obstetric APS had significant reduction of AnxA5 anticoagulant ratios compared to controls (median 216%, range 130–282% vs 247%, range 217–283%, p&lt;0.0001) and also elevated levels of antidomain I IgG (median optical density: 0.056, range 0.021–0.498 vs 0.042, range 0.020–0.323, p=0.002). Patients in the lowest tertile of AnxA5 anticoagulant ratios had an odds ratio for obstetric APS of 121.1 (95% confidence interval of 6.5–2240.2) and patients in the highest tertile of antidomain I IgG had an odds ratio for obstetric APS of 3.4 (95% confidence interval of 1.2–9.7). There was a significant correlation between reduction of AnxA5 anticoagulant activity and elevation of antidomain I IgG (r=−0.49, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions. Women with obstetric APS are more likely to have AnxA5 resistance and also anti-domain I IgG antibodies than the control groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aPL antibody-mediated disruption of AnxA5, via recognition of domain I of β2GPI is a mechanism for pregnancy morbidity &amp; mortality in obstetric APS.

Topic: Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evocation: Enhancing the psychotherapeutic encounter (with transcripts and cases of Milton H. Erickson)

"Evocation: Enhancing the psychotherapeutic encounter (with transcripts and cases of Milton H. Erickson)." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 64(3), pp. 279–280

Topic: Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Basque ideophones from a typological perspective

Abstract Ideophones are described as expressive marked linguistic units with a dramaturgic depictive function. Although commonly regarded in traditional general linguistics as rare and marginal, recent research on this topic has shown that these elements are pervasive in all languages and that they might share some linguistic characteristics across languages. This article analyses Basque ideophones from a typological perspective. The main goal is to describe the structure, meaning and function of Basque ideophones and to discuss how the Basque ideophonic system fits into the cross-linguistic characterisation of these linguistic units.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Institutional incentives for promotion of networking cooperation of entities

The analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the creation of integration structures, which allows to identify the patterns of development, is carried out in the article. Identification of the causes and factors contributing to the integration of the textile and clothing industry of the Vitebsk region has allowed to carry out the analysis of the institutional environment. Methods of networking in key areas of formation of competitiveness - education, innovation and marketing - are developed and validated.

Topic: Business and Economic Development
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Potential of GMP-Compliant Platelet Lysate to Induce a Permissive State for Cardiovascular Transdifferentiation in Human Mediastinal Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are considered eligible candidates for cardiovascular stem cell therapy applications due to their cardiac transdifferentiation potential and immunotolerance. Over the years, the in vitro culture of ADMSCs by platelet lysate (PL), a hemoderivate containing numerous growth factors and cytokines derived from platelet pools, has allowed achieving a safe and reproducible methodology to obtain high cell yield prior to clinical administration. Nevertheless, the biological properties of PL are still to be fully elucidated. In this brief report we show the potential ability of PL to induce a permissive state of cardiac-like transdifferentiation and to cause epigenetic modifications. RTPCR results indicate an upregulation of Cx43, SMA, c-kit, and Thy-1 confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, compared to standard cultures with foetal bovine serum. Moreover, PL-cultured ADMSCs exhibit a remarkable increase of both acetylated histones 3 and 4, with a patient-dependent time trend, and methylation at lysine 9 on histone 3 preceding the acetylation. Expression levels of p300 and SIRT-1, two major regulators of histone 3, are also upregulated after treatment with PL. In conclusion, PL could unravel novel biological properties beyond its routine employment in noncardiac applications, providing new insights into the plasticity of human ADMSCs.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Skin calcium-binding protein: distribution in other tissues

The distribution of epidermal calcium-binding protein was examined in rat tissues using immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques to investigate its possible physiological role. Epidermal calcium-binding protein was demonstrated in the basal proliferative cell layer of all Malpighian epithelia and related tissues (epidermis, sebaceous glands, cornea, esophagus, and vagina) as well as in ependyma of brain and in the epithelia of the lens. No immunoreactivity for epidermal calcium-binding protein was found in other tissues including dermis, muscle, cartilage, blood vessels, nerve tissue, liver, endocrine glands, urogenital tract, and intestinal and respiratory epithelium. The presence of a protein immunologically indistinguishable from epidermal calcium-binding protein in proliferative cells suggests that it may be involved in the control of calcium-dependent processes perhaps related to mechanical damage and continued proliferation.

Topic: Connexins and lens biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Far-infra-red absorption in amorphous AsGe alloys

Abstract Far-infra-red absorption spectra have been measured in 12 evaporated thin films of amorphous AsGe alloys spanning the entire range of concentrations. The pure materials show spectra very similar to those measured earlier, while the alloy spectra appear consistent with a model of the material as a random mixture of three-fold coordinated As and tetrahedrally bonded Ge atoms.

Topic: Phase-change materials and chalcogenides
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Variable-Width Bezier Splines in R

This report describes support for a new type of variable-width line in the 'vwline' package for R that is based on Bezier curves. There is also a new function for specifying the width of a variable-width line based on Bezier curves and there is a new linejoin and lineend style, called "extend", that is available when both the line and the width of the line are based on Bezier curves. This report also introduces a small 'gridBezier' package for drawing Bezier curves in R.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Rainbow Isle and the City of Rain

Deleuze and Guattari’s conception of a minor literature—linguistically deterritorialised, thoroughly political, and collectively charged—can allow us to draw parallels between distant, diverse literatures; demographic and historical similarities, such as numerical ultra-smallness, do so as well. This essay compares literatures which are both minor and ultrasmall: ultraminor, as Bergur Moberg has recently coined. It looks at the ways in which attitudes towards diversity have shaped the representation of foreigners and “the foreign” in genre fiction. It argues that the emergence and popularity of the respective genres—romance in Mauritius and thriller in Norway—is tied to societal responses to demographic concerns. Focusing on two representative novels, Natacha Appanah’s Blue Bay Palace and Gunnar Staalesen’s We Shall Inherit the Wind , it further argues that Mauritians view the instability of diversity as an inescapable starting point, while Bergenseres view this instability as a frightening, however welcomed, resolution.

Topic: Contemporary Literature and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 959782: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sparkle Model for the Calculation of Lanthanide Complexes:  AM1 Parameters for Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III)

Our previously defined Sparkle model (Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 2346) has been reparameterized for Eu(III) as well as newly parameterized for Gd(III) and Tb(III). The parameterizations have been carried out in a much more extensive manner, aimed at producing a new, more accurate model called Sparkle/AM1, mainly for the vast majority of all Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III) complexes, which possess oxygen or nitrogen as coordinating atoms. All such complexes, which comprise 80% of all geometries present in the Cambridge Structural Database for each of the three ions, were classified into seven groups. These were regarded as a "basis" of chemical ambiance around a lanthanide, which could span the various types of ligand environments the lanthanide ion could be subjected to in any arbitrary complex where the lanthanide ion is coordinated to nitrogen or oxygen atoms. From these seven groups, 15 complexes were selected, which were defined as the parameterization set and then were used with a numerical multidimensional nonlinear optimization to find the best parameter set for reproducing chemical properties. The new parameterizations yielded an unsigned mean error for all interatomic distances between the Eu(III) ion and the ligand atoms of the first sphere of coordination (for the 96 complexes considered in the present paper) of 0.09 A, an improvement over the value of 0.28 A for the previous model and the value of 0.68 A for the first model (Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 227, 349). Similar accuracies have been achieved for Gd(III) (0.07 A, 70 complexes) and Tb(III) (0.07 A, 42 complexes). Qualitative improvements have been obtained as well; nitrates now coordinate correctly as bidentate ligands. The results, therefore, indicate that Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III) Sparkle/AM1 calculations possess geometry prediction accuracies for lanthanide complexes with oxygen or nitrogen atoms in the coordination polyhedron that are competitive with present day ab initio/effective core potential calculations, while being hundreds of times faster.

Topic: Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Massacred women do not make me laugh, nor do the agonies of Marilyn Monroe’s body

From Julia Kristeva's questioning women's creativity via Willem de Kooning's Woman I–VI, Pollock explores the murderous phantasies in the masculine subject and complex identificatory issues in the feminine subject. Recalling Bataille's destructive drive in modernism and evoking the myth of Pandora's surface beauty, she argues that the missing Mother is the structural ground of the drama of subjective formation, inspiring both perpetual mourning and furious envy towards the Mother and her body. Reversing the focus of attention, a second section on the agonies of the body of Marilyn Monroe links the painted mark of MM with Kooning's reds, which he termed rubies and which others felt as bloodied wounding. Pollock looks beyond the Pandoran mask and glossy surface to discern a fragile figure bearing her name (de Kooning, Marilyn Monroe, 1954). She explores the missing history of Monroe's body, its sexual and procreative desires, its traumatizing failures and persistent physical agonies from endometriosis. What would a feminist discourse on the meaning of the sexual and gender-specific traumas of Monroe's body be? What would be the outcome of also considering Monroe as an embodied sexual subject using her gestures as actor and performer while negotiating, like Frida Kahlo, the sexually specific, debilitating physical effects of miscarriage and failed pregnancy? Loss, anguish, suffering allow us a final pathway back to Lee Krasner's paintings in 1956–57, which were about grief and survival, but never in the register of the pathetic. Yet without the idea of pathos and its aesthetic formulations, this chapter argues that we shall not see the paintings at all.

Topic: Art, Politics, and Modernism
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic Analysis and Gene Fine Mapping of Rice Lesion Mimic Mutant <i>c5</i>

梁国华 3 翟文学 1 江光怀 1,* 1 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所, 北京 100101; 2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3 扬州大学农学院, 江苏扬州 225009 摘 要: 水稻类病变突变体 c5 是由粳稻品种中花 11 种子经化学诱变剂 EMS (甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变处理得到的。该突 变体叶片在三叶期开始出现近似圆形褐色斑点, 经 DAB 和台酚蓝染色显示这些斑点积累了过多的 H 2 O 2 并引起程序 性细胞死亡。与野生型相比, 突变体 c5 的成熟期株高从 110.4 cm 减少到 74.6 cm, 有效分蘖数和每穗着粒数分别减 少 23.7%和 28.5%, 千粒重和结实率都显著降低, 此外, c5 还表现出对白叶枯病菌的广谱抗病性, 对 10 个菲律宾生理 小种都有强烈的抗性反应。遗传分析表明, c5 的突变性状受单隐性核基因控制。利用 c5 和明恢 86 配组形成的包含

Topic: Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Construction of Reputation in a Negotiation

Although reputation is claimed to be a potential source of power in a negotiation, it is one of the most under researched aspects of the bargaining process. This paper extends current understanding of reputation in negotiation by presenting a model that explains the construction process of reputation in the negotiation context. We review extant research before presenting our model of reputation. The model shows the influence of both the actions of the negotiator before and during the negotiation to create a reputation that is formed by the perceptions of the other party and potentially transmitted to a network. A discussion of future research is presented.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regulation of Mucin and Non-Mucin Secretions and Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid in Human Airway Epithelium

Background and Objectives：Airway hypersecretion is a frequent feature of several respiratory tract diseases including rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. Efforts are being made in several laboratories to elucidate mechanisms involved in the regulation of secretion. There are several factors which modulate expression of the secretory phenotype, such as retinoic acid (RA, triiodothyronine, steroid, and extracellular matrix. We have been interested in elucidating the role of retinoids in regulating differentiation of mucin and non-mucin secretions. Materials and Methods：Retinoic acid was removed from the culture media of normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells grown in the air-liquid interface cultures. The effects on cell phenotype and mucin, lysozyme (LZ, and the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI secretion and gene expression were examined. Results：Removal of RA from the media induced squamous differentiation and caused a drastic decrease in mucin secretion and a decrease in expression of the mucin genes, MUC2 and MUC5AC. Lysozyme and SLPI secretions were increased in RA-depleted cultures. Paradoxically, LZ mRNA was decreased, while the SLPI mRNA levels were increased. A most intriguing finding was the paradoxical response of LZ to RA-depletion. The reason for this apparant incongruity between mRNA and protein levels is currently under investigation. Conclusion：Our studies show that RA is an important factor for mucous differentiation. (Korean J Otolaryngol 1998;41(4 :474-480

Topic: Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences