jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RedMotion: Motion Prediction via Redundancy Reduction

We introduce RedMotion, a transformer model for motion prediction in self-driving vehicles that learns environment representations via redundancy reduction. Our first type of redundancy reduction is induced by an internal transformer decoder and reduces a variable-sized set of local road environment tokens, representing road graphs and agent data, to a fixed-sized global embedding. The second type of redundancy reduction is obtained by self-supervised learning and applies the redundancy reduction principle to embeddings generated from augmented views of road environments. Our experiments reveal that our representation learning approach outperforms PreTraM, Traj-MAE, and GraphDINO in a semi-supervised setting. Moreover, RedMotion achieves competitive results compared to HPTR or MTR++ in the Waymo Motion Prediction Challenge. Our open-source implementation is available at: https://github.com/kit-mrt/future-motion

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Duplication of β-Fructofuranosidase Confer Lepidopteran Insects Metabolic Benefits

Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a potentially critical source of material for ecological adaptation and the evolution of novel genetic traits. However, reports on posttransfer duplication in organism genomes are lacking, and the evolutionary advantages conferred on the recipient are generally poorly understood. Sucrase plays an important role in insect physiological growth and development. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of insect β-fructofuranosidase transferred from bacteria via HGT. We found that posttransfer duplications of β-fructofuranosidase were widespread in Lepidoptera and sporadic occurrences of β-fructofuranosidase were found in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. β-fructofuranosidase genes often undergo modifications, such as gene duplication, differential gene loss, and changes in mutation rates. Lepidopteran β-fructofuranosidase gene (SUC) clusters showed marked divergence in gene expression patterns and enzymatic properties in Bombyx mori (moth) and Papilio xuthus (butterfly). We generated SUC1 mutations in B. mori using CRISPR/Cas9 to thoroughly examine the physiological function of SUC. BmSUC1 mutant larvae were viable but displayed delayed growth and reduced sucrase activities that included susceptibility to the sugar mimic alkaloid found in high concentrations in mulberry. BmSUC1 served as a critical sucrase and supported metabolic homeostasis in the larval midgut and silk gland, suggesting that gene transfer of β-fructofuranosidase enhanced the digestive and metabolic adaptation of lepidopteran insects. These findings highlight not only the universal function of β-fructofuranosidase with a link to the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism but also an underexplored function in the silk gland. This study expands our knowledge of posttransfer duplication and subsequent functional diversification in the adaptive evolution and lineage-specific adaptation of organisms.

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the margins of soy farms: traditional populations and selective environmental policies in the Brazilian Cerrado

In the Cerrado, the expansion of soybean cultivation since the 1990s has coincided with the strengthening of environmental regulations. We analyze how the two main environmental policies – Protected Areas and the Forest Code – have played out at the ground level in western Bahia state. These policies in Cerrado have not been designed to curb the expansion of this agricultural frontier. These norms have, on the contrary, accommodated this expansion because the way environmental managers selectively choose environmental problems and publicize them through specific information systems depreciates traditional fire-dependent production systems. These 'politics of selection' are likely to increase competition for resources in the margins of soybean agriculture, which is where traditional populations have now become confined.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The "Golden Dog" of Quebec

The "Golden Dog" of Quebec Get access O. Rowe O. Rowe 1Major R.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-IV, Issue 83, 29 July 1893, Page 86, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-IV.83.86c Published: 29 July 1893

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of follow-on therapy after denosumab discontinuation in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis

To clarify the effects of follow-on therapy after denosumab (DMAb) discontinuation. In this retrospective, multicenter study, postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis who were previously treated by oral bisphosphonates (BP) (<i>n</i> = 26) or teriparatide (TPTD) (<i>n</i> = 27) were switched to DMAb (administered 2.6 times), and then discontinued. Patients (73.1 years, <i>T</i>-scores of the lumbar spine [LS] − 2.7 and femoral neck [FN] − 2.2) were switched to either (1) raloxifene (RAL) (<i>n</i> = 13) or BP [(2) weekly or monthly BP (wmBP) (<i>n</i> = 29) or (3) zoledronate (ZOL) (<i>n</i> = 11)], based on each physician’s decision (mean interval after final DMAb administration was 7.2 months). Bone mineral density (BMD) at final DMAb administration were set as baseline. Changes in LS BMD at 1.5 years after final DMAb administration were −2.7% in the RAL, 0.7% in the wmBP, and 1.9% in the ZOL (<i>p</i> = .31 between groups), and in FN BMD were −3.8%, −0.8%, and 1.8%, respectively (<i>p</i> = .02 between the RAL and ZOL; <i>p</i> = .048 between the RAL and BP). Clinical vertebral fracture incidence during 1.5 years after final DMAb administration was 23.1% in the RAL, 3.4% in the wmBP, and 0.0% in the ZOL (<i>p</i> = .048 between the RAL and ZOL; <i>p</i> = .015 between the RAL and BP). No significant differences were observed in these parameters between the wmBP and ZOL. These results may contribute to the selection of adequate follow-on therapy after DMAb discontinuation, although further investigations are required.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management of Thrombo-Embolism after Aortic Valve Replacement with the Björk-Shiley Tilting Disc Valve: Medicamental Prevention with Dicumarol in Comparison with Dipyridamole—Acetylsalicylic Acid. Surgical Treatment of Prosthetic Thrombosis

Dicumarol anticoagulation poved very effective in the prevention of thromboembolic complications after aortic valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve. We have, however, encountered six late deaths because of massive cerebral hemorrhage, which represent 3% of the patients who were maintained on dicumarol medication at that time. This unacceptable mortality prompted us to introduce two programmes, one without anticoagulation and another one with dipyridamole-acetylsalicylic acid. Furthermore, dicumarol was terminated in patients with haemorrhagic episodes, instable anticoagulation, pregnancy, and in those reguiring surgery. The results were disappointing, however, and the majority of the patients involved were therefore put on dicumarol medication. Eleven of the 64 consecutive patients taking dipyridamole - acetylsalicylic acid had thrombo-embolic episodes during a mean follow-up period of 9 months...

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics of homocysteine-induced multidrug resistance of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human A2780 ovarian cancer cells.

Cultivation of MCF-7 and A2780 cells with homocysteine leads to simultaneous development of resistance to doxorubicine and cisplatin. The development of drug resistance is diverse for different drugs and varies among cell lines.

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Unusual heavy landings of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurusat Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour

Heavy landing of the dolphinfish, Coryphaena
hippurus was observed in hooks and lines at
Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour on 12th October,
2012 (Fig 1a & b) . Around 7,245 kg of C. hippurus
was landed by 90 units on that day. This is the first
instance of such huge landing of the dolphinfish at
Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbor. In addition to
C. hippurus, other species landed were Thunnus
albacares (3717 kg), Makaira indica (1710 kg),
Megalaspis cordyla (1692 kg), Euthynnus affinis
(1170 kg), Katsuwonus pelamis (828 kg) and
Scomberomorus guttatus (351 kg).

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
To sell or store? Assessing smallholder farmers' willingness to pay for potato cold storage in Kenya

Abstract Storage of food commodities for some time after harvest can play an important role in alleviating the downside of price fluctuations in developing countries. While storage can offer smallholder farmers substantial inter‐temporal arbitrage opportunities, existing evidence shows that many farmers in developing countries store little of their harvest. Using a cross sectional survey of 502 households in Nyandarua and Bomet Counties of Kenya, this paper assessed smallholder farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for cold storage and compares their WTP with the arbitrage opportunities. Our results reveal that the storage of potato was generally limited with only 26% storing in the season preceding the study. Using a hypothetical scenario with double‐bounded contingent valuation formats, our findings show that a considerable proportion of households (70.7%) were willing to rent cold storage facilities. The WTP for storing a 90 kg bag of Shangi, a common variety with a short shelf life (1 month) was Kenya shillings (KES) 104 (1.16/kg/month) compared KES 96.4 (1.07/kg/month) for the Unica variety (slightly longer shelf life). The probit model results show that gender (being female), and transaction costs associated with access to markets (e.g., geographical location and distance to the road) were positively associated with WTP. Furthermore, household endowment, reflected in household expenditure, income and level of potato commercialization had a positive influence on WTP to store. In addition, institutional characteristics of collective action, previous experience with storage and use of certified seed (often associated with extension) enhanced households WTP for potato storage. The results on potato prices over a 5‐year period (2014–2019) show that seasonal price gaps were higher than the estimated WTP, suggesting that potato storage could be economically viable. These findings have significant policy implications not only for commodities whose harvest is perishable and season bound (e.g., vegetables, fruits) where arbitrage may offer price stabilization.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Temperature dependence of electrical properties of <i>n</i>- and <i>p</i>-type 3C-SiC

Electrical properties of unintentionally doped n-type and Al-doped p-type 3C-SiC layers, epitaxially grown on Si by chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated at temperatures between 10 and 1000 K. Activation energies of Al acceptors and residual donors obtained from the temperature dependence of carrier density are 160 and 18 meV, respectively. 40%–60% of Al acceptors in the p-type epilayers are compensated, and hole mobility is limited by acoustic phonon scattering above 300 K and by ionized impurity scattering below 250 K.

Topic: Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustainable Accountability: a Dualist Vedic Perspective

&lt;p&gt;This thesis offers a theory of sustainable accountability informed by Vedic philosophy. Although Vedic philosophy is often described as the philosophy of ancient India, this thesis will explain how relative factors, such as time and place, do not exclude one from experiencing the taste of what is described as the ripened fruit of the tree that is the Vedic literatures. The implications the Vedas have for sustainability stem mainly from their alternative notions of the self and its needs. The Vedas hold that upon a correct evaluation of the needs of the self, an individual will be completely satisfied and will therefore not desire to live and consume in a way that is destructive to their surrounding environment and its inhabitants. Within the Vedic paradigm there are two main divisions of thought - the dualist and non-dualist schools of philosophy. Because they differ in their conceptions of the self, these schools differ markedly in their notions of accountability, welfare and theories of sustainability and social change. Within the social accounting literature, a non-dualist theory of sustainable accountability has been given by Saravanamuthu (2006), but a dualist opinion has not yet been presented. This thesis seeks to introduce dualist Vedic philosophy and its theory of sustainability, and describe how a system of accountability could be constructed upon such a philosophy. In the past, academic scholarship has frowned upon sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas, and has considered their claims to be unverifiable. Therefore this thesis also asserts, using arguments from the critical realist ontology, that sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas should be admissible in academic circles.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
How Public Officials Perceive Algorithmic Discretion: A Study of Status Quo Bias in Policing

ABSTRACT Algorithms are disrupting established decision‐making practices in public administration. A key area of interest lies in algorithmic discretion or how public officials use algorithms to exercise discretion. The article develops a framework to explain algorithmic discretion by drawing on status quo bias theory and bureaucratic discretion. A study with police officers in the UK shows that—while officers still value their discretion—it is resistance via the aspects of status quo bias that accounts for a more substantial explanation. Transition costs, loss aversion, and performance uncertainty determine resistance and, in turn, reluctance to delegate discretion to algorithms. The study contributes to public administration research that demonstrates the influence of cognitive biases in the increasing use of algorithms in areas like policing. The article concludes with recommendations for embedding algorithmic discretion into the professional development of public officials to mitigate sources of status quo bias.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Flight Test Evaluation and Aerodynamic Performance Modeling of a C-130H with an Advanced Propeller

The NP2000 is an advanced, eight-blade propeller with an aerodynamic design similar to the six-blade propeller on the new C-130J. Flight tests performed on a U.S. Air Force C-130H with NP2000 propellers installed in place of the original four-blade propellers determined the effect of the new propellers on aircraft performance. The testing demonstrated greater net thrust at equivalent power settings. The flight test results also revealed that the changes in aircraft performance could not be modeled coherently using the legacy aerodynamic model, even though consistent thrust-drag bookkeeping was employed. For an aircraft such as the C-130 with strong interactions between the propeller slipstream and airframe, changes to the thrust strongly affect the lift and drag characteristics of the aircraft. The development of these characteristics, using modern flight-test instrumentation and analysis methods, is described. The process resulted in a unique drag model suitable to modeling the airborne performance of the C-130H with NP2000 propellers.

Topic: Rocket and propulsion systems research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bit Error Rate Performance of In-vivo Radio Channel Using Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation

In this paper we present the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of equalizers using in-vivo channel response measured using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Including the use of a Bandwidth (BW) of 50 MHz in the simulations, the results are compared with multiple equalizers and it is shown that Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizer outperformed the rest of the equalizers including linear equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive least sequence (RLS) and non-linear equalizer Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE). The BER performance using MLSE showed significant improvement by improving the BER and outperforming the linear equalizer from 10 −2 to 10 −6 and DFE from 10 −4 to 10 −6 at Eb/No=14 dB for in vivo radio communication channel at ultra wideband (UWB) frequencies. Furthermore, the un-equalized and equalized channel frequency response spectrum is also part of this article which presents the overall improvement between the two spectrums.

Topic: Wireless Body Area Networks
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of product yield on pyrolysis of sawdust

In this study, pyrolysis of sawdust was investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The objectives of this project were to study the effect of pyrolysis parameters on production of bio-oil and bio-char and to analyze the characteristics of pyrolysis product. The variations of pyrolysis temperature are 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650 °C. The particle size was varied in the range of >1.18mm and <1.18 mm. The heating rate was at 40, 50 and 60 °C/min. The maximum product yield of bio-char was 49.28% obtained at 550 °C, with heating rate of 50 °C/min and particle size of <1.18mm. The maximum bio- oil yield was 28.86% and the maximum gas yield was 68.83%. The optimum gas was at the pyrolysis temperature of 450°C, heating rates of 60°C/min and particle size of <1.18mm. Sawdust can be utilized as biomass feedstock to increase bio-char product. It has high lignin content which can increase yield of bio-char. The bio-char is potential source of renewable fuel and chemical feedstock.

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comparison of sib‐pair linkage tests for disease susceptibility loci

Abstract An analytical study is conducted of the properties of statistical tests to detect linkage between a disease locus and a very polymorphic marker locus when data on sib pairs are available. In most instances the most powerful test is the test based on the mean number of marker alleles shared identical by descent by the two members of a sib pair, and the most efficient sampling strategy is almost always to sample only pairs with both sibs affected. We show it is valid to use the information from all possible sib pairs as though they came from separate families when data on sibships of size three or larger are available, though more power may be obtained if different weights are given to the different sibship sizes.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Benign superior vena cava syndrome associated with Horner syndrome--report of a case].

Superior vena cava syndrome is commonly caused by malignant diseases such as lung cancer, malignant lymphoma and so forth. It is uncommon that benign diseases obstruct the superior vena cava or its major tributaries. But there are some documented cases of benign superior vena cava syndrome induced by mediastinitis, benign mediastinal tumors, and uncommon lesions having their primary origin in the mediastinum. A 41-year-old male patient had recognized his ptotic palpebra two years ago and chest roentgenographic examination disclosed a tumor shadow occupying the apex of the right thorax but he was almost asymptomatic except venous dilatation of the anterior chest wall. Venography revealed obstruction of the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. At thoracotomy the tumor was found to be impacted at the apex of the thoracic fornix and to be cystic. Primary site of the tumor was at the chest wall and its histological finding was compatible with that of neurilemmoma. Postoperative venography confirmed complete patency of the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Java Framework for Database-centric Web Engineering

We present a database-centric approach to web site development in which both application and web content data are managed by a database. The development process is based on three main stages of information modelling, document content design and presentation specification. A Java framework based on the OMS object-oriented data management system has been developed to support the development life cycle from rapid prototyping through to operation. We describe how the framework supports access from heterogeneous clients and how it has been extended to include a web content manager.

Topic: Web Applications and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies of Intact Shoot‐Root Systems of Field‐Grown Winter Wheat. I. Sampling Techniques<sup>1</sup>

Abstract The yield component most closely related to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) yield in the dryland farming area of the Pacific Northwest is heads per unit area. Tiller survival determines the head population and is therefore a major yield determining factor. A study relating tiller survival to tiller rooting required a sequential sampling of intact shoot‐root systems of field grown plants. As no technique to provide the required samples was found in the literature, a new procedure was devised. Square metal tubes, 0.18 by 0.18 by 1.1 m with removable side, were constructed of 16‐gauge steel. These tubes were forced into the ground with a hydraulic coring machine immediately after emergence of winter wheat (var ‘Stephens’) planted in 0.18‐m rows on 14 Oct. 1981 in field plots on a Walla Walla silt loam (mixed, mesic Typic Haploxerolls). Thermocouples and tensiometers at 0.2‐, 0.4‐,0.6‐, and 0.8‐m depths showed that soil temperatures were not significantly different between the tubes and adjacent field soil, but soil in some tubes was significantly wetter (higher water potential) than adjacent field soil during winter. Tubes were extracted from the field on 23 February, 17 March, 19 April, and 1 June. The removable side was taken off and a fine spray was used to wash soil from the roots. Washed intact plants were floated in water in a shallow tray to separate individual plants, tillers, and their associated roots. These separations were not successful for deep roots for the June sampling date. This technique permits collection of data on rooting habits of plants at different times in the growing season, on associations between shoots and intact field‐grown root systems, and on details of root branching patterns under field conditions.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences