jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Zum heutigen Stand der Sprachwissenschaft

Karl Brugmann (1849–1919) was one of the central figures in the circle of Neogrammarians who rejected a prescriptive approach to the study of language in favour of diachronic study. This short overview of the development of comparative Indo-European linguistics and philology in the second part of the nineteenth century was first published in 1885, the year before Brugmann's celebrated multi-volume comparative grammar of Indo-European began to appear. To Brugmann, language is not an autonomous organism that develops according to inherent laws. It exists only in the individual speaker, and every change in a language takes place because of the speaker, though speakers share similar psychological and physical processes. Traditional philologists, including Brugmann's former university teacher Georg Curtius (1820–1885), were extremely hostile to the Neogrammarians' approach. Here, Brugmann responds to Curtius' criticism and defends his research methodology and theories.

Topic: Linguistic research and analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Petri Nets for Game Plot

We have developed a technique for authoring a nonlinear plot and for managing a story according to the plot in an interactive story-based virtual reality application. The technique exploits Petri Nets that alter reactive plans controlling individual actors. Its main advantage is that it allows for iterative design and copes with large virtual worlds inhabited with tens of actors. In this paper, we describe the technique and a prototype application. 1

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Games
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anthrax candidapex Austen 1937

Anthrax candidapex (Austen, 1937) Material: Four specimens: Al Wala 8.IV.2002 (1ɗ); Al Mujib 13.III.2002 (1ɗ); Hummrit As Sahin 22.IV.2002 (2ɗ). Distribution: Palaearctic: Palestine.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PaperMaker: validation of biomedical scientific publications

Abstract Motivation: The automatic analysis of scientific literature can support authors in writing their manuscripts. Implementation: PaperMaker is a novel IT solution that receives a scientific manuscript via a Web interface, automatically analyses the publication, evaluates consistency parameters and interactively delivers feedback to the author. It analyses the proper use of acronyms and their definitions, and the use of specialized terminology. It provides Gene Ontology (GO) and Medline Subject Headings (MeSH) categorization of text passages, the retrieval of relevant publications from public scientific literature repositories, and the identification of missing or unused references. Result: The author receives a summary of findings, the manuscript in its corrected form and a digital abstract containing the GO and MeSH annotations in the NLM/PubMed format. Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Rebholz-srv/PaperMaker Contact: rebholz@ebi.ac.uk

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Different Levels of NPK, Biochar and Azotobacter on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

In light of this, the following goals are present in the experiment "Effect of Different Levels of NPK and Biochar, Azotobacter on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield Attributes of Cowpea to calculate the impact of various NPK, Biochar, and Azotobacter dosages on the physical-chemical characteristics of soil. An excavated soil sample from the experimental site revealed that the land topography ranged from nearly level to sloped by 1% to 6%, with soil area falling into the Inceptisol order. The soil texture was sandy loam, with sand percentages of 62.65%, silt percentages of 21.09, and clay percentages of 16.26. The pH of soil was 6.89, and its electrical conductivity (EC) was non-saline (0.42 ds m-1). Organic carbon content was low to medium, available nitrogen was low to medium (280.78 kg ha-1), available phosphorus was 17.34 kg ha-1, and available potassium was 168.16 kg ha-1. Two factors with three levels of @NPK 0, 50, and 100% ha-1, three levels of @Biochar 0, 50, and 100% ha-1, and a randomized block design were used in the statistical analysis. During field testing, nine different treatments were used; the best outcomes were significant. The results indicate that the physical and chemical parameters of the soil, including the cumulative mean values for bulk density (1.39 and 1.41 mg m-3), particle density (2.46 and 2.47 mg m-3), and soil pH (6.89 and 6.91), attained their maximum in T1 (Absolute control) at depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, respectively. Additionally, the percentage pore space was found to be 48.22% and 47.39%, and the water holding capacity was found to be 44.14% and 45.34%), electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at 0.49 ds m-1 and 0.52 ds m-1, the percentage of organic carbon was determined to be 0.40%), and the available nitrogen was found to be (299.78 kg ha-1 and 295.76 kg ha-1, available phosphorus was (23.78 kg ha-1 and 21.98 kg ha-1), and the available potassium was (179.25 kg ha-1 and 176.56 kg ha-1).

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
What they believe, what they want: A needs analysis of electrical engineering students on teaching and assessment methods

The paper presents the opinions of students at the Electrical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest (UPB) regarding the teaching and assessment methods. The students' opinions depend on various socio-demographic variables discussed. The study is based on a quantitative analysis and it was conducted on 844 students studying Electrical Engineering, during May-July 2016.

Topic: Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Existence of Pure Strategy Monotone Equilibria in Asymmetric First-Price Auctions

We establish the existence of pure strategy equilibria in monotone bidding functions in first-price auctions with asymmetric bidders, interdependent values, and affiliated one-dimensional signals. By extending a monotonicity result due to Milgrom and Weber (1982), we show that single crossing can fail only when ties occur at winning bids or when bids are individually irrational. We avoid these problems by considering limits of ever finer finite bid sets such that no two bidders have a common serious bid, and by recalling that single crossing is needed only at individually rational bids. Two examples suggest that our results cannot be extended to multidimensional signals or to second-price auctions. Copyright The Econometric Society 2004.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Re: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Lidocaine Jelly for Prevention of Inadvertent Retrograde Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy of Ureteral Stone

No AccessJournal of UrologyLetter to the Editor/Errata1 Apr 2009Re: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Lidocaine Jelly for Prevention of Inadvertent Retrograde Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy of Ureteral StoneA. A. Zehri, M. H. Ather, K. M. Siddiqui and M. N. Sulaiman J Urol 2008; 180: 966–968 Sarvpreet Singh Ubee, Ramaswamy Manikandan, and Christopher Betts Sarvpreet Singh UbeeSarvpreet Singh Ubee More articles by this author , Ramaswamy ManikandanRamaswamy Manikandan More articles by this author , and Christopher BettsChristopher Betts More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.12.015AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Lidocaine Jelly for Prevention of Inadvertent Retrograde Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy of Ureteral Stone." The Journal of Urology, 181(4), pp. 1962–1963 References 1 : Preventing retrograde stone displacement during pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteral calculi using lidocaine jelly. Urology2006; 68: 505. Google Scholar Departments of Urology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, and Southport District and General Hospital, Salford, Lancashire, United Kingdom© 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4April 2009Page: 1962-1963 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Sarvpreet Singh Ubee More articles by this author Ramaswamy Manikandan More articles by this author Christopher Betts More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Data from Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice

Supplementary Data from Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Investigation of the Use of Synthetic Spectra to Find the Ages of Stellar Clusters

The utility of stellar cluster aging methods based on integrated spectra is clearly demonstrated by its extensive use by researchers for decades. However, few studies have determined the accuracy of such methods using a significant sample of age-calibrated stellar clusters with recent models. We have amassed a sample of 27 stellar clusters, 20 with new spectra we obtained with the SOAR and Blanco 4-m Telescopes, with previously determined ages using color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We compared the CMD ages to ages obtained from the clusters’ integrated spectra. We find that the integrated spectra in the wavelength range 3626–6230 Å, when compared with high resolution computational models, provide very good age predictions. In particular, the spectral method is more robust in resolving the age-extinction degeneracy that plagues broad-band photometric aging methods. We observe no significant difference in the ability of the synthetic spectra to fit and properly age stellar clusters based on the intrinsic mass of the stellar clusters in our sample.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
STRUCTURED EXERCISE IMPROVES FATIGUE AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: THE MULTINATIONAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PREFERABLE-EFFECT STUDY

INTRODUCTION &amp; AIMS Exercise has been proven safe and effective for patients with breast cancer in the curative setting, however evidence in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is scarce. The aim of the PREFERABLE - EFFECT study (NCT04120298) was to evaluate the effects of a structured exercise program on fatigue, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and other cancer- and treatment-related side effects in patients with mBC. METHODS The randomized controlled trial included patients with mBC from five European countries (Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden) and Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to usual care (UC) or a 9-month supervised and individualized exercise program (EX) involving twice weekly aerobic, resistance, and balance exercises. The primary outcomes, physical fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12 subscale) and HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Among other physical fitness outcomes, maximal short exercise capacity was assessed with the Steep Ramp Test. Changes from baseline to 3, 6 (primary endpoint) and 9 months were compared between groups using adjusted mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS A total of 357 patients were randomized (EX=178, UC=179). On average, participants were 55.4 years of age (SD=11.1) and 73.9% had bone metastases. EX resulted in a significant reduction in physical fatigue (-5.3 [-10.0; -0.6], p=.027, ES=0.22) and improvement in HRQoL (+4.8 [2.2; 7.4], p=.0003, ES=0.33) compared to UC at 6 months (primary endpoint), as well as at 3 and 9 months. EX also improved physical fitness (+24.3 Watts, [15.5; 33.1], ES=0.42, at 6 months) and numerous relevant QLQ-C30 scales, including social functioning, pain, and dyspnoea. CONCLUSION This large multinational study demonstrates that supervised exercise improves fatigue, HRQoL, and other clinically relevant outcomes in patients with mBC. Based on these findings, supervised exercise should be recommended to patients with mBC.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protection against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury of Hippocampal Neurons by H2S via Promoting Phosphorylation of ROCK2 at Tyr722 in Rat Model

The RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway is associated with the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against cerebral ischemia. H2S protects rat hippocampal neurons (RHNs) against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury by promoting phosphorylation of RhoA at Ser188. However, effect of H2S on the phosphorylation of ROCK2-related sites is unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether H2S can play a role in the phosphorylation of ROCK2 at Tyr722, and explore whether this role mediates the protective effect of H/R injury in RHNs. Prokaryotic recombinant plasmids ROCK2wild-pGEX-6P-1 and ROCK2Y722F-pGEX-6P-1 were constructed and transfected into E. coli in vitro, and the expressed protein, GST-ROCK2wild and GST-ROCK2Y722F were used for phosphorylation assay in vitro. Eukaryotic recombinant plasmids ROCK2Y722-pEGFP-N1 and ROCK2Y722F-pEGFP-N1 as well as empty plasmid were transfected into the RHNs. Western blot assay and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were used to detect phosphorylation of ROCK2 at Tyr722 and BKCa channel current in the RHNs, respectively. Cell viability, leakages of intracellular enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and nerve-specific enolase (NSE) were measured. The H/R injury was indicated by decrease of cell viability and leakages of intracellular LDH and NSE. The results of Western blot have shown that NaHS, a H2S donor, significantly promoted phosphorylation of GST-ROCK2wild at Tyr722, while no phosphorylation of GST-ROCK2Y722F was detected. The phosphorylation of ROCK2wild promoted by NaHS was also observed in RHNs. NaHS induced more potent effects on protection against H/R injury, phosphorylation of ROCK2 at Tyr722, inhibition of ROCK2 activity, as well as increase of the BKCa current in the ROCK2Y722-pEGFP-N1-transfected RHNs. Our results revealed that H2S protects the RHNs from H/R injury through promoting phosphorylation of ROCK2 at Tyr722 to inhibit ROCK2 activity and potentially by opening channel currents.

Topic: Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lipid profiles and lifestyle habits of stroke survivors in the east coast region of peninsular Malaysia: Preliminary findings

Background: Stroke survivors are at high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events if no prevention strategies are undertaken. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the fasting serum lipid profiles and lifestyle habits in stroke survivors, and the factors associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in three public hospitals in Malaysia. Stroke survivors' data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, fasting serum lipid profiles, dietary adherence, and physical activity levels were acquired. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with suboptimal lipid goals. Results: A total of 104 stroke survivors were recruited from patients attending the neurology and rehabilitation departments. Only 22% of the stroke survivors attained the targeted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C &lt; 1.8 mmol/L). Meanwhile, more than two thirds of patients achieved the targeted total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Patients with a longer stroke duration (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.33, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.09, 10.13, p = 0.034), elevated blood pressure (AOR 4.74, 95% CI: 1.65, 13.62, p = 0.004), chronic kidney disease (AOR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 10.34, p = 0.041), abdominal obesity (AOR 3.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 8.21, p = 0.020), excessive energy intake (AOR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07, 6.91, p = 0.036), and excessive saturated fatty acids intake (AOR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.02, 7.93, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Conclusion: The lipid goals attainment was low, particularly the LDL-C levels among Malaysian stroke survivors. Greater efforts are warranted to fully utilise the lipid-lowering therapy and the lifestyle changes in these high-risk patients.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gut Microbiota Profile in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing: A Systematic Review

The gut microbiota has been presumed to have a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Significant changes in the microbial composition of T1D patients have been reported in several case-control studies. This study is aimed at systematically reviewing the existing literature, which has investigated the alterations of the intestinal microbiome in T1D patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) using 16S ribosomal RNA-targeted sequencing. The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched until April 2019 for case-control studies comparing the composition of the intestinal microbiome in T1D patients and HCs based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. Ten articles involving 260 patients with T1D and 276 HCs were included in this systematic review. The quality scores of all included studies were 6–8 points. In summary, a decreased microbiota diversity and a significantly distinct pattern of clustering with regard to β -diversity were observed in T1D patients when compared with HCs. At the phylum level, T1D was characterised by a reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the structure of the gut community, although no consistent conclusion was reached. At the genus or species level, T1D patients had a reduced abundance of Clostridium and Prevotella compared with HCs, whereas Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were found to be more enriched in T1D patients. This systematic review identified that there is a close association between the gut microbiota and development of T1D. Moreover, gut dysbiosis might be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D, although the causative role of gut microbiota remains to be established. Further well-controlled prospective studies are needed to better understand the role of the intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of T1D, which may help explore novel microbiota-based strategies to prevent and treat T1D.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Video-assisted endoscopic lifting: development].

Now the Endoscope is used differently in video-assisted Face-lifts. Authors describe their evolution for 2 years and a half. In the beginning. It was used to correct glabellar frowns. Then, the endoscope served to elevate the forehead by a subperiosteal approach. Sometime it was combined with a subperiosteal malar dissection in an Endoscopic full face-lift. Bad results on the eyebrows and eyelids complications involved the authors to modify their strategy: By changing the dynamic of muscles: lateral section of the orbicularis occuli muscle arises the frontal muscle to definitely lift up the eyebrow: this is called the "myotomy box"; by preferring a subgaleal, retro-orbicularis dissection, under the malar fat pad and the platysma muscle in a deep plane but always above the zygomaticus major muscle, protector of the facial nerve in the buccal space; by developing new endodissectors efficient and less aggressive to spread the deep planes without damage; by an acute control of the fronto-temporal and cervico-facial deep dissection using new endoscopic valves; by treating precise damaged areas with Limited Endoscopic Face-Lifts in a same harmonious deep dissection instead of large multiplanar underminnings.

Topic: Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mucormycosis—A clinicoepidemiological review of cases over 10 years

Summary Background Limited data exist for epidemiology and outcomes of various agents causing mucormycosis in various clinical settings from developing countries like India. Objectives To study the epidemiology and outcomes of various agents causing mucormycosis in different clinical settings in a tertiary care hospital from South India. Patients and methods We reviewed details of 184 consecutive patients with culture‐proven mucormycosis with consistent clinical syndrome and supporting features from September 2005 to September 2015. Results The mean age of patients was 50.42 years; 70.97% were male. Unlike developed countries, R microsporus (29/184; 15.7%) and Apophysomyces elegans (20/184; 10.8%) also evolved as important pathogens in addition to R arrhizus in our setting. Paranasal sinuses (136/184; 73.9%) followed by musculoskeletal system (28/184; 15.2%) were the common areas of involvement. Apophysomyces elegans typically produced skin and musculoskeletal disease in immune‐competent individuals with trauma (12/20; 60%) and caused significantly lower mortality ( P = 0.03). R microsporus was more common in patients with haematological conditions (25% vs 15.7%) and was less frequently a cause for sinusitis than R arrhizus (27.58% vs 10.9%). The overall mortality was 30.97%. Combination therapy with surgery and antifungals offered the best chance for cure. Conclusions Agents causing mucormycosis may have unique clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences