jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic Competition and the Structure of the Competition Graph of Random Networks

Abstract As the competition graphs of trade networks begin to garner attention from economists, a better understanding of their expected structure is important for studying real-world trade networks and their competition graphs. This paper has two purposes. First, it serves to encourage the adoption of competition graphs as a tool for studying competition in economic networks. Second, it studies the structure and dynamics of competition graphs derived from random directed networks of the form $$\mathcal {D}(n,p)$$ . The results presented here characterize the probabilities that certain foundational structures exist in the competition graph of a random graph, and describe the density and connectivity of the competition graph of a random graph. Structural dynamics of these competition graphs are also studied. In particular, the results show that competition graphs are typically more dense than the networks they are derived from. Finally, these results are used to generate a discussion motivating the use of competition graphs in the economics literature.

Topic: Game Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting Perceived Image Quality: A Critique of Lin and Kuo (2011)

A recent study by Lin and Kuo reported on the image quality of a small mobile display under different ambient illumination levels. In this commentary, the present author discusses the limitations of their approach with respect to the rigorous quantification of image quality and the caveats associated with preference studies of new display technologies. Quantitatively predicting image quality using preference-based methods can be useful for initial decisions in early phases of product development, but provides limited value for the rigorous quantification of image quality of display devices.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The School Psychologist and Sport: A Natural Interface to Promote Optimal Functioning Between Student-Athlete, Family, and School Personnel

This article is based on a dissertation of the author that was centered on the process of developing a sport psychology program at the high school level. The program was developed to address academic, mental, social, and emotional needs of student-athletes and coaches. This sport psychology program, which was developed in the Linden Public School District, a large urban district in New Jersey, may be the first such program documented on a national level. In this dissertation, the author, who was a school psychologist in the district, utilized a particular program planning and evaluation framework, with attention to the first two phases—clarification and design—to develop and implement a sport psychology program. [Article copies available for a fee from The HaworthDocument Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <docdelivery@haworthpress.com> Website: <https://www.HaworthPress.com" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.HaworthPress.com> @ 2005 by TheHaworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.]

Topic: Youth Development and Social Support
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection of the t(2; 5)(p23; q35) and NPM-ALK Fusion in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma by Two-Color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Abstract The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subset commonly referred to as large cell lymphoma (LCL) has historically been characterized by its marked cytological, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity. One potential defining feature of these lymphomas, the t(2; 5)(p23; q35), occurs in 25% to 30% of anaplastic LCLs and is also found in cases with diffuse large cell or immunoblastic morphology. We recently identified nucleophosmin (NPM ) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK ) as the genes on chromosomes 5 and 2, respectively, that are juxtaposed by this translocation. To provide a complementary approach to the use of classical cytogenetics or polymerase chain reaction-based methods for the detection of this abnormality, we have developed a two-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for the t(2; 5) that may be used for the analysis of both interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes. Three overlapping chromosome 5 cosmid clones located immediately centromeric to the NPM gene locus and an ALK P1 clone located telomeric to the chromosome 2 breakpoint were labeled with digoxigenin or biotin, respectively, and used to visualize the derivative chromosome 5 produced by the t(2; 5), evident as juxtaposed or overlapping red and green fluorescent signals. This NPM-ALK FISH assay was initially validated by analysis of a series of cytogenetically characterized cell lines, with the presence of the der(5) chromosome showed specifically only in those lines known to contain the t(2; 5). The assay was then applied in a blinded fashion to a series of eight cytogenetically t(2; 5)-positive clinical specimens and seven known t(2; 5)-negative cases, including three NHL and four Hodgkin's disease biopsy samples. Whereas the t(2; 5)-negative cases were negative by FISH, all eight t(2; 5)-positive cases were positive. One additional case, initially thought to be positive for the translocation by cytogenetics, was proven to not be a classic t(2; 5) by interphase and metaphase FISH. These data indicate that the FISH assay described is a highly specific and rapid test that should prove to be a useful adjunct to the currently available methods for detection of the t(2; 5).

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gender Difference in Willingness and Capacity for Deliberation

Abstract This article examines the gender gap in deliberation, focusing on three facets: willingness to deliberate, capacity for deliberation, and facilitation techniques aimed at reducing the gender gap. It hypothesizes that women will be less willing to deliberate but more likely to engage in strictly defined desired deliberative behaviors. Relying on original survey and experimental data, this paper finds women to be more willing to deliberate. However, men’s negative deliberative behaviors—particularly cutting others off or dominating speech––undermine women’s efforts to be effective deliberators. Finally, the two innovative facilitation methods outlined in the article eliminate the gender gap.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Steam System Forecasting and Management

Union Carbide's Taft Plant is a typical petrochemical complex with several processes that use and produce various fuel and steam resources. The plant steam and fuel system balances vary extensively since several process units 'block operate'. This and the complex and integrated nature of the plants energy balance makes steam system forecasting and management essential for optimum use of the plant's energy. \n\nThis paper discusses the method used by Union carbide to accomplish effective forecasting and management of the plant's energy balance. The key element, an in-house designed computer forecast program, is also discussed.

Topic: Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intimate partner homicide in Norway 1990–2012: Identifying risk factors through structured risk assessment, court documents, and interviews with bereaved.

OBJECTIVE: To explore possible risk factors for intimate partner homicide by combining structured risk assessment based on information available in court documents and individual risk assessment provided through interviews with the bereaved. METHOD: The aim of this study was to scrutinize intimate partner homicide (IPH) situations and interactions within a retrospective, mixed methods design. All IPHs in Norway that had received a final legal judgment from 1990 to 2012 (N = 177) were included. Quantitative data was extracted through structured investigation of the court documents. Risk factors were identified from three validated risk assessment instruments. Qualitative data were retrieved from interviews with a sample of bereaved (n = 12). RESULTS: The IPH distribution was biased toward low socioeconomic status. Previous intimate partner violence (IPV) was identified in 7 out of 10 IPH incidents. Observed risk by the bereaved was infrequently communicated to health care, police, or support services. Individuals who did communicate risk found that professionals underestimated the reported risk and did not act on their warnings. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of IPHs did not occur without warning signs. To prevent IPH, structured risk assessments and knowledge of family and friends' perceptions of risk is essential. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Binary frequency shift keying modulation in spin torque oscillators with synthetic antiferromagnetic layer

Antiferromagnets exhibit ultrafast magnetization precession, which has the potential to enable the development of terahertz spin torque nano-oscillators. By utilizing perpendicularly magnetized magnetic nanopillars with a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer, we have demonstrated through theoretical and numerical analysis that stable out-of-plane precession states can be achieved by applying current and an electric field. In the case of small current, the two magnetic layers of the SAF are in antiparallel alignment and rotate around the z-axis with the precession frequency decreasing as the current strength increases. When the current-induced spin torque is strong enough to fully overcome the antiferromagnetic coupling, the SAF free layer is driven into a scissor-like precession state around the z-axis with the frequency increasing with current. By selecting the appropriate combination of the current and electric field, the magnetization precession orbits and precession frequencies can be adjusted. These controllable procession orbits with tunable frequencies and fixed magnetization precession amplitude may be a promising candidate for implementing binary frequency shift keying modulation techniques.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Juba Peace Talks with the Lord’s Resistance Army in 2006

This chapter gives a detailed and dramatic account of the first year of the Juba Peace Talks between the Lord’s Resistance Army/Movement (LRA/M) and the Government of Uganda. It highlights the many tensions and contradictions that occurred, for example, the pressure to bring LRA senior commanders to the table while they feared for their security, Ugandan government insistence to put a deadline on the talks, the lack of capacity within the LRA/M delegation to deliver negotiation papers, the technical and military challenge to have the LRA fighters assemble, the contradictions within international approaches that simultaneously supported the ICC while also requesting that to back off. Ownership of the process became complex for the LRA/M who sought broad civil society participation while aiming to maintain their powerful hold on the process. In offering a narrative of the convoluted and complex events of this first year of peace talks, the chapter also argues that the developing dynamics of the talks made the pursuit of peace not just an unthankful but rather a damaging experience: For the LRA/M, the start to the negotiations was an experience of continuation, with existing political and military power relations entrenched, rather than transformed.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Noninvasive Ventilation and “Do Not Intubate”

Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, and Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; (Kacmarek) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Schettino)

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Response to Comment on: Atkinson. It's Time to Consider Changing the Rules: The Rationale for Rethinking Control Groups in Clinical Trials Aimed at Reversing Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2011;60:361–363

In 2003, the President of the United States introduced a now often used phrase into the American lexicon, “Mission accomplished” (1). While history has not judged, to the greatest of degrees, his proclamation with favor in terms of its accuracy, the idiom does seem a fitting response to the letter by Sanda and Greenbaum (2), written in reaction to my editorial (3). This claim can effectively be made as their action is exactly what I hoped would occur: an open discourse…a debate, on how trials to reverse type 1 diabetes are designed and …

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Endurance Exercise Does Not Impair mTOR Signalling After Resistance Exercise

Resistance exercise is known to stimulate muscle hypertrophy and this effect is mainly mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. In contrast, endurance exercise results in a divergent phenotypic response which to a large extent is mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Research indicates that molecular interference may exist, possibly through an inhibitory effect on mTOR signalling by AMPK, when these two modes of exercise are combined. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of subsequent endurance exercise on resistance exercise induced mTOR signalling. METHODS: In a randomized and cross-over fashion, ten male subjects performed either heavy resistance exercise (R) or heavy resistance exercise followed by endurance exercise (RE) on two separate occasions. The R protocol consisted of thirteen sets of leg press exercise with 3 minutes of recovery allowed between each set. In the RE session, resistance exercise was followed by 15 minutes recovery after which 30 min of cycling was initiated at an intensity equal to 70 % of the subjects' maximal oxygen consumption. Muscle biopsies were collected before, 1 and 3 hours after resistance exercise in both trials. Samples were analyzed for several signalling proteins in the mTOR pathway using western blot technique. RESULTS: Phosphorylation of mTOR increased approx. twofold at 1 h post resistance exercise and remained elevated at the 3 h time point (p< 0.01) with no difference between the two trials. Phosphorylation of p70S6k, a downstream target of mTOR, was increased about 6-and18-fold at 1 h and 3 h post resistance exercise (p< 0.01). There was no difference in p70S6k phosphorylation at any time point between the two trials. Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 was decreased 3- to 4-fold at both time points post resistance exercise (p< 0.01) with no difference between trials. Phosphorylation of AMPK was unchanged at the 1 h time point but decreased approximately 30 % from pre-exercise values in both trials at 3 h post resistance exercise (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The signalling response following heavy resistance exercise is not blunted by subsequent endurance exercise. Supported by the Swedish National Centre for Research in Sports.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Treatment of Established Nonunions of Mitchell Osteotomies

The Mitchell distal metatarsal stepcut osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus is a technically demanding procedure with a high complication rate. Reported com-plications include metatarsal shortening with lateral metatarsalgia, partial avascular necrosis of the distal fragment, and loss of position with incomplete correc-tion. Nonunion, however, has only rarely been reported. We describe our experience with the treatment of three nonunions of Mitchell osteotomies reconstructed using a tricortical iliac crest bone graft.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Downregulation of GLI3 Expression Mediates Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (HH) pathway is observed in many neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) transcription factors are the main downstream effectors of the HH signaling cascade and are responsible for the proliferation and maintenance of leukemic stem cells, which support chemotherapy resistance and leukemia relapse. Cytarabine (Ara-C)-resistant variants of AML cell lines were established through long-term cultivation with successively increasing Ara-C concentrations. Subsequently, differences in GLI expression were analyzed by RT-qPCR. GLI3 mRNA levels were detectable in parental Kasumi-1, OCI-AML3, and OCI-AML5 cells, whereas GLI3 expression was completely silenced in all resistant counterparts. Therefore, we generated GLI3-knockdown cell lines using small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and evaluated their sensitivity to Ara-C in vitro. The knockdown of GLI3 partly abolished the effect of Ara-C on colony formation and induction of apoptosis, indicating that GLI3 downregulation results in Ara-C resistance. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of several genes involved in Ara-C metabolism and transport. Knockdown of GLI3 resulted in the upregulation of SAM and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 8 (MRP8), each of which has been identified as a predictive marker for Ara-C response in acute myeloid leukemia. Our results demonstrate that GLI3 downregulation is a potential mechanism to induce chemotherapy resistance in AML.

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Validity and reliability of standing balance control measurement on the left unilateral spatial neglect model

BACKGROUND: The present study developed a head-mounted display with the visual direction of a web camera modified to the right as a left unilateral spatial neglect (USN) model with respect to postural balance control. AIM: We aimed to estimate the validity and reliability of center of pressure (CoP) measurements in static standing balance (SSB) and dynamic standing balance (DSB) of healthy participants were using the USN model and to examine whether this model's use influenced postural balance control. METHOD: A portable CoP force plate was used to quantify postural balance control in 64 healthy participants as the model. The CoP displacement of the non-USN and USN models in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes, CoP length, and bilateral load ratio in SSB and DSB to the right (R) and left (L) were evaluated. RESULTS: Regression analysis indicated that most CoP measurements have excellent concurrent validity. Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement between the non-USN and USN models in the CoP measurements. Test-retest reliability estimation between two times measurements varied in the frontal and sagittal planes. A Comparison of the results demonstrated that the CoP-AP and CoP length changed (-1.40% and 7.67%, respectively) significantly in SSB (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the CoP-AP changed very significantly in DSB-R and DSB-L (-1.50% and 1.86%, respectively) in opposite directions (P&lt;0.01) when the subjects performed as the model. CONCLUSION: CoP measurements are valid and reliable to quantify standing balance control in both non-USN and USN models that appear to modulate changes in postural adaptation and adjustment.

Topic: Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape

Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal, appear to be able to predict the "behavior" of wildfires of various intensities. Although most wildfires are avoided, even the most intense fires are met with relative calm and seemingly calculated movement by apes in this arid, hot, and open environment. In addition to reviewing instances of such behavior collected during the course of the Fongoli study, we also report chimpanzees' use of burned landscapes during the dry season, when more than 75% of these apes' home range may be burned annually. In burned areas, chimpanzees spent more time foraging and traveling than in unburned areas. Chimpanzees' behavior in a fire context can help inform paleoanthropological hypotheses regarding early members of our own lineage and can provide insight into the ability of early hominins to conceptualize the behavior of fire and thus set the stage for our lineage's use of fire.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Histologic Activity From Neoterminal Ileal Biopsies in Patients With Crohn's Disease in Endoscopic Remission is Associated With Postoperative Recurrence

INTRODUCTION: Following ileocolic resection (ICR), the clinical importance and prognostic implications of histologic activity on biopsies in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with endoscopic remission are not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine if histologic activity in patients with endoscopic remission is associated with future risk of endoscopic and/or radiologic postoperative recurrence (POR). METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, adult patients with CD who underwent ICR between 2009 and 2020 with endoscopic biopsies of ileal mucosa from Rutgeerts i0 on index colonoscopy were included. The composite rate of endoscopic (Rutgeerts score ≥i2b) and radiologic (active inflammation on imaging) recurrence was compared in patients with and without histologic activity using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model including clinically relevant risk factors of POR, postoperative biologic prophylaxis, and histology activity was designed. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients with i0 disease on index colonoscopy after ICR were included. Of these, 42% had histologic activity. Time to POR was significantly earlier in the histologically active versus normal group ( P = 0.04). After adjusting for clinical risk factors of POR, histologic activity (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.17–4.79; P = 0.02) and active smoking (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.02–6.33; P = 0.05) were independently associated with subsequent composite POR risk. DISCUSSION: In patients with postoperative CD, histologic activity despite complete endoscopic remission is associated with composite, endoscopic, and radiographic recurrence. Further understanding of the role of histologic activity in patients with Rutgeerts i0 disease may provide a novel target to reduce disease recurrence in this population.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences