jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Developmental Outcomes After 50 Years of Newborn Bloodspot Screening for Classical Galactosaemia in the Republic of Ireland

ABSTRACT Classical Galactosaemia (CG) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism. In untreated neonates, CG leads to a multi‐organ toxicity with life‐threatening symptoms. Newborn Screening for CG began in the Republic of Ireland in 1972. In Ireland, two forms of neonatal screening occur. High‐risk infants are fed lactose‐free/galactose‐free formula until the result of their Beutler screening test on day 1. All other infants are fed as per parental preference and are screened on day three to five. While immediate or early implementation of a strict lactose‐free diet together with medical interventions will usually address the acute medical complications, long‐term complications are common. We reviewed retrospectively and anonymised the clinical outcomes of our CG cohort, derived from our hospital‐based database. Patient demographic information, co‐morbidities, developmental assessment results, and other relevant health indicators were analysed from birth to 18 years. Out of 217 patients, 95% of subjects were alive at 18 years of age. Common co‐morbidities were speech and language difficulty (43.5%) and learning difficulty (25.5%). In this Irish cohort, Friedreich Ataxia is a genetically linked condition for a subgroup of CG individuals (7.9%). Our data demonstrate that while early diagnosis prevents mortality, it does not prevent developmental disorders, underpinning the neuro‐developmental nature of CG. High‐risk and routine newborn screening for CG have reduced the mortality rate of the disorder, and early medical and dietetic intervention is a success story. However, long‐term medical and developmental challenges persist, and an early, proactive multidisciplinary approach may further mitigate the phenotype in CG patients diagnosed on NBS.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Driver Head Movements in Left Outside Mirror Viewing

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two field studies were conducted on public roads to measure driver head movements while using the left outside passenger car mirror. The first study measured the effects of mirror width in the presence or absence of overtaking traffic. Driver head movements during left lane-changing maneuvers were recorded from a lead vehicle equipped with a motion picture camera and a telephoto-zoom lens. Results showed that, in addition to the head turning motions, the drivers made on the average about 2.0 inches of lateral head movements while using one of the four left outside mirror sizes which ranged in width from 2.3 to 10.6 inches. The drivers were also found to make larger lateral head movements when no other vehicles were present in the mirror as compared to when an overtaking vehicle was present. The second study was conducted in no overtaking traffic with one mirror width and used an improved photographic technique. Head movements during left lane changing maneuvers were recorded by a motion picture camera which was mounted in the back of the subject's car and which photographed the image of the driver's head and eyes in the left outside mirror. The data of 25 drivers using a 5.1 inch wide left outside mirror showed that drivers moved their head laterally from 0.4 to 5.0 inches, with a median of 1.5 inches, after turning their heads to search in the mirror. In both field studies, large individual head movement behavioral differences were observed.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Selecting the Best Instrument for European Contract Law

Abstract: Currently, the process of the Europeanization of private law is highlighted by a Green Paper on European Contract Law and the successive publication of a feasibility study. In these documents, the European Commission calls on all stakeholders to participate in the ongoing debate about the future of contract law. This article aims to contribute to this discussion on the search for the best instrument for European contract law. First, the purposes of the Green Paper are briefly outlined. Second, the several policy options presented by the European Commission are evaluated and the arguments for and against are considered. Third, we argue what option(s) should be preferred. Fourth, we refer to some crucial issues that need to be addressed before implementing a new model of European contract law. These relate to the formal and substantive scope of the instrument, as well as its incorporation in the current legal and social context. The present article provides a contribution to the ongoing debate that is likely to continue for several years to come. Résumé: Le processus d'européanisation du droit privé est actuellement mis en évidence grâce au Livre Vert sur le droit européen des contrats, suivi de la publication d'une Etude de faisabilité. Dans ces documents, la Commission européenne prie tous les intéressés de participer au débat sur l'avenir du droit des contrats. Le présent article a pour but de participer à la discussion sur la recherche du meilleur instrument juridique à utiliser en droit européen des contrats. Nous expliquons tout d'abord brièvement quells sont les objectifs du Livre Vert. Nous évaluons ensuite les différents choix de politique présentés par la Commission européenne et prenons en considération les arguments pour et contre. En troisième lieu, nous expliquons quelle(s) option(s) devrait (devraient) être préférées. Quatrièmement, nous nous référons à quelques points de discussion cruciaux qui doivent être abordés avant d'introduire un nouveau modèle de droit européen des contrats. Ceci concerne la portée formelle et substantielle de l'instrument, son incorporation dans le contexte actuel légal et social. Le présent article est une contribution au débat actuel, lequel semble devoir se prolonger encore pendant plusieurs années.

Topic: European and International Contract Law
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Many-spin effects and tunneling properties of magnetic molecules

Spin tunneling in molecular magnets has attracted much attention, however theoretical considerations of this phenomenon up to now have not taken into account the many-spin nature of molecular magnets. We present, to our knowledge, the first successful attempt of a realistic calculation of tunneling splittings for Mn12 molecules, thus achieving a quantitatively accurate many-spin description of a real molecular magnet in the energy interval ranging from about 100 K down to 10−12 K. Comparison with the results of the standard single-spin model shows that many-spin effects affect the tunneling splittings considerably. The values of ground state splitting given by single-spin and many-spin models differ from each other by a factor of 5.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROJECTION-BASED MODEL REDUCTION FOR FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION OF SHALLOW WATER FLOWS

The shallow water equations (SWE) are used to model a wide range of environmental flows from dam breaks and riverine hydrodynamics to hurricane storm surge and atmospheric processes.Despite significant gains in numerical model efficiency stemming from algorithmic and hardware improvements, accurate shallow water modeling can still be very computationally intensive.The resulting computational expense remains as a barrier to the inclusion of fully resolved two-dimensional shallow water models in many applications, particularly when the analysis involves optimal design, parameter inversion, risk assessment, and/or uncertainty quantification.Here, we consider projection-based model reduction as a way to alleviate the computational burden associated with high-fidelity shallow-water approximations in ensemble forecast and sampling methodologies.In order to develop a robust approach that can resolve advectiondominated problems with shocks as well as more smoothly varying riverine and estuarine flows, we consider techniques using both Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin projection on global bases provided by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD).To achieve realistic speedup, we consider alternative methods for the reduction of the non-polynomial nonlinearities that arise in typical finite element formulations.We evaluate the schemes' performance by considering their accuracy and robustness for test problems in one and two space dimensions.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Argon geochronology of small samples using the Vulkaan argon laserprobe

Argon geochronology is a versatile dating tool based on the accumulation of radiogenic 40Ar as it decays from 40K over time. The K Ar technique can be used with success from a younger limit of several 10's of ka to the oldest rocks available. In this paper, the argon laserprobe facility (VULKAAN) at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam is described. We demonstrate the performance of the facility in terms of operating characteristics and intercalibration using mineral standards of well known age. There are no systematic biases in our operating technique when comparing our results to those of other laboratories. We demonstrate that our analytical uncertainty is in the order of 0.2%, which means that we can measure age differences ca. 10 times better than absolute ages where we are limited by external uncertainties such as the uncertainty of the decay constant of 40K and the certainty in the absolute argon content of our standards. Results are presented on a new set of in-house mineral standards, biotite standard IGO2 (10.60 ± 0.42 Ma) suited for monitoring conventional K Ar experiments, and sanidine standard DRA1 (24.99 ± 0.07 Ma) for laser fusion experiments. We have used 3 different facilities for irradiation with fast neutrons: the Oregon State University TRIGA reactor (both the standard facility B3 and the Cd-shielded CLICIT facility), and the HFPIF facility in the high flux research reactor at Petten, The Netherlands. For each of these facilities the correction factors for undesired argon isotopes produced by neutron irradiation from isotopes of calcium and potassium was determined. We have demonstrated that the Cd shielded facility at OSU TRIGA has a very low production of 40Ar, which makes it very well suited for dating young minerals, whereas the Petten facility has the higher neutron fluxes that make that reactor more appropriate for irradiating very old samples.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Recent Topic of ASF and CSF in Korea Part Two: Overview of Political Organizations, Policies, and Control Measures in Wild Boars

Part one describes the governmental structure and control measures against ASF infection conducted in farms. To control ASF in wild boars, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) plays a leadership role in conducting surveillance, testing, and vaccine development. Fencing is also applied to reduce the movement of wild boars to disease-free areas. The original bait vaccine was developed and produced at the factory level for CSF. Since the CSF control was started before the enhancement of the role of MOE in controlling ASF in wild boars, the bait vaccine distribution has been under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. This information will be beneficial to review and enhance control measures against CSF in Japan.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Contribution of Gel Phase Diffusion to Mass Transfer in Supported Ion Exchange Catalysts

The innovative catalytically active packing elements (see figure) can be produced by precipitation polymerization on a porous support, for example, Raschig rings made from macroporous glass. Compared to the conventional packing technology (i.e., Amberlyst 15 in fiberglass bags or wire mesh) for reactive distillation, these packing materials are significantly cheaper. The aim of the study was to elucidate the mass transport phenomena inside the catalysts.

Topic: Aerogels and thermal insulation
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of Two Techniques for Laparoscopic Abomasopexy for Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum in Dairy Cows

Laparoscopic abomasopexy has been described to reduce the incidence of complications associated with traditional laparotomy and the blind, roll-and-tack corrective techniques for left-displaced abomasum in cattle. As originally described, this surgical technique involved left paralumbar fossa laparoscopy in standing cattle for placement of the abomasopexy suture, followed by right paramedian laparoscopy for suture retrieval. We hypothesized that laparoscopic abomasopexy could be performed successfully in cattle through a right paramedian laparoscopy alone. The purpose of this study was to compare the "two-step" procedure to a "one-step" procedure for laparoscopic abomasopexy.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Card guessing and the birthday problem for sampling without replacement

Consider a uniformly random deck consisting of cards labelled by numbers from 1 through n, possibly with repeats. A guesser guesses the top card, after which it is revealed and removed and the game continues. What is the expected number of correct guesses under the best and worst strategies? We establish sharp asymptotics for both strategies. For the worst case, this answers a recent question of Diaconis, Graham, He and Spiro, who found the correct order. As part of the proof, we study the birthday problem for sampling without replacement using Stein's method.

Topic: Random Matrices and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Inductorless Triple Boost 13-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter With Reduced Ripple Current

Switched capacitor multi-level inverter (SCMLI) is a promising alternative to traditional voltage source inverters for industrial and renewable energy applications. In SCMLI, capacitors are used in a specific sequence during charging and discharging either in parallel or series with the source for level generation. During the charging period of the capacitor, a large ripple current is generated. This ripple may cause an increase in the peak current and ripple voltage of the capacitors. The reliability and life expectancy of the inverter can be severely affected by this ripple current of the capacitor. This article proposes an inductorless self-balance single-phase thirteen-level inverter with triple boosting capability. It aims to reduce the ripple current in both the source and capacitors by arranging the switching sequence in a particular fashion to implement a partial charging technique in the capacitors. Furthermore, it results in better efficiency and reduced current stress without the need for any source inductance or a complicated control algorithm. The performance of the proposed inverter is verified through its laboratory prototype under dynamic load conditions and varying modulation indexes.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFFECT OF FLUTED PUMPKIN (TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS) LEAF EXTRACT ON SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBIT BUCKS

A 12- week study involving 20 grower rabbit bucks was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the serum biochemistry of rabbit bucks fed fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaf extract (FPLE). The rabbit bucks were allotted to 4 Treatments containing 0mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 1), 50mL of FPLE/litre of drinking water (Treatment 2), 100mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 3) and 150mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 4). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The same concentrate diet was fed to the rabbits in all the treatment groups. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 rabbits per Treatment were slaughtered in the most humane way and blood was collected at slaughter for serum biochemical analysis. The serum biochemical parameters measured were, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Data derived from the study was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for completely randomized design (CRD) and where significant differences occurred, means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that, urea, creatinine, ALT, glucose, total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by FPLE while AST, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were influenced (P&lt;0.05) by FPLE.

Topic: Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On Concepts and Characteristics of Right of Privacy

Right of privacy is followed with increasing interest by the public. However, it is a voguey concept in the theory of law and not fully protected in the legal system. This paper attempts to dlscuss the legal nature and characteristics of right of privacy, the improper expansion and reduction of privacy and the confusion between right of privacy and right of honor. The paper points out various negative factors, especially defects in legal system that affects right of privacy, analyzes the characteristics of legal requirements regarding the violation of right of privacy, and demands the establishment of a perfect legal system concerning the protection of citizen's right of privacy.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S12 from ACSM1 and ACSM3 Regulate Fatty Acid Metabolism to Support Prostate Cancer Growth and Constrain Ferroptosis

&lt;p&gt;Targeting ACSM1 or ACSM3 does not induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 725442: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Priapism associated with trazodone therapy: case report.

A case of priapism associated with trazodone is described. Erection subsided spontaneously after 4 hours, with subsequent potency unimpaired. No published reports of priapism with antidepressants were located, but 11 cases have been reported to the manufacturers.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The impact of asymmetric fiscal decentralization on education and health outcomes: Evidence from Papua Province, Indonesia

This study examines the causal effect of asymmetric fiscal decentralization on education and health outcomes in Papua Province, Indonesia, from 1994 to 2016, using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM).The counterfactual series of this study is constructed by using a synthetic control unit deriving data from 21 provinces in Indonesia.It is found that the asymmetric fiscal decentralization which started with the enactment of Law No 21 as of 2001 on Special Autonomy for the Papua Province has negative effects on education and health outcomes in Papua.It is also observed that the outcome gap between the treatment unit and the synthetic control unit also grows over time.Thus, this paper concludes that asymmetric fiscal decentralization is ineffective as evidenced by education and health outcomes in Papua.This paper makes a valuable contribution to the empirical literature on the macroeconomic effects of asymmetric fiscal decentralization.While fiscal decentralization has positive impacts on education and health outcomes in most literature, this paper shows adverse results for the case of Papua Province.

Topic: Local Government Finance and Decentralization
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Correlation of Indoor Air Pollutants with Pulmonary Function Test in Children Residing in Biomass Fuel Using Rural Houses of Central Karnataka

Abstract Background and Objectives: Approximately half the world uses biomass fuel for domestic energy, resulting in widespread exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass smoke. It is not clear what relationship exists between biomass use and pulmonary function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke in children on pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters and its association with the particulate matter load. Materials and Methods: Children residing in rural houses in Central Karnataka using biomass fuel for cooking and heating water were selected and evaluated for PFTs by RMS Helios 401 spirometer. Particulate matter &lt;2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations were measured using an air quality pollution monitor. The association between PM2.5 and lung functions was studied. Results: A total of 150 children were included in the study. The study participants were assessed for the amount of exposure to particulate matter. Significant exposure to PM2.5 and hydrocarbons with a mean exposure of 42.25 mcg/m 3 and 160.47 mg/m 3 , respectively, was recorded. Exposure to formaldehyde in the kitchen and living area showed a statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio indicating a restrictive pattern. It also showed a statistically significant effect on forced expiratory flow 25%–75% indicating a small airway obstructive pattern. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and formaldehyde from biomass fuel burning is associated with reduced lung function. This study reinforces the urgency of global strategies to mitigate indoor air pollution for the improvement of pulmonary health.

Topic: Energy and Environment Impacts
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences