jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent adsorption of imazethapyr to soil

Abstract Time-dependent adsorption of imazethapyr was studied in the laboratory on a sandy loam soil at 16% moisture for 30 d. Soil pH was adjusted to 4.5 to 6.8. Concentration of imazethapyr in soil water declined rapidly within the first day of incubation for all soil pH levels, indicating rapid initial adsorption. However, the concentration of imazethapyr in the soil water continued to decline slowly over time. Even at pH 6.8, where batch equilibrium studies at high solution to soil ratios indicated low adsorption, only 22% of the applied imazethapyr was in solution 10 d after treatment (DAT), and 10% 30 DAT. Soil column mobility studies also showed a rapid decline in mobility as time after application increased. The amount of imazethapyr remaining in soil columns rapidly increased within 4 to 10 DAT, even at pH 7.8, where low adsorption is predicted. Imazethapyr was stable during the time of these experiments, so degradation to less soluble or more tightly bound products is not the reason for the increased adsorption. These results indicate that batch equilibrium studies that use slurries with high solution to soil ratios (often 2:1 or higher) and short equilibration times may not accurately predict mobility of acidic herbicides in the field, where moisture content is lower. Nomenclature: Imazethapyr.

Topic: Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antigen-presenting function of human peritoneum mesothelial cells

SUMMARY Mesothelial cells (MC) from human peritoneal omentum fragments obtained during surgical insertion of peritoneal catheters for continuous peritoneal dialysis in end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients were cultured in vitro. MC exhibited a phenotype different from macrophages, but MHC class II molecules were well expressed. Therefore MC lines were tested for antigen-presenting capacity by pulsing with soluble antigens (tetanus toxoid and purified protein derivative (PPD)) or with a corpusculate antigen (Candida albicans bodies). Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) depleted of adherent monocytes and cloned T cells generated from an individual matched for the MHC class II antigen DR2 were used to test antigen-presenting function. MC effectively presented the soluble and corpusculate antigens to autologous and MHC-compatible allogeneic lymphocytes, indicating that they are endowed with both endocytic/phagocytic activity and with processing/presenting capacity. Preincubation of MC with human recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) up-regulated MHC class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I) expression, but the effect on antigen-presenting function was not consistent. Since MC are an important component of the peritoneal environment, they may participate, along with macrophages, in activation of specific T cells and in the generation of local cell-mediated immunity to various pathogens.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Free sialic acid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis.

The free and bound sialic acid content of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with positive evidence (by CSF culture) of pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis was determined. The free sialic acid content was significantly raised only in cases of pyogenic meningitis, but not in tuberculous or other types of the disease.

Topic: Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of iodine in thyroid function and iodine impact on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - review

Introduction: Iodine is one of the most important micronutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. It is an essential component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, hormones produced and secreted by the thyroid gland. Severe iodine deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis and can lead to gland enlargement. This deficiency results in various disorders collectively termed iodine deficiency disorders. Not only iodine deficiency but also excess iodine intake can be harmful and affect thyroid function. Doses of iodine above physiological levels can result in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Numerous studies have linked chronic high iodine intake to an increased frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis. This review examines the mechanisms of iodine regulation and the role of excess iodine can play in the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present and summarize the role of iodine in thyroid function and its impact on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This review explains the potential increased risk of thyroid autoimmune disorder connected with iodine over-supplementation. Materials and Methods: For this current literature review, the important studies published from 1986-2024 in PubMed database was searched. The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed with the following keywords: iodine, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusion: Iodine is crucial for thyroid health and fetal development, but its excessive intake can be harmful. Maintaining optimal levels of this microelement is essential to prevent both iodine deficiency and autoimmune disorders. Iodine supplementation is recommended only for pregnant and lactating women.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Portal hypertension--introduction to the problem].

Portal hypertension is a condition with a permanently raised pressure in the portal area. The most frequent cause is restricted blood flow through some part of the circulation. Depending on the site of obstruction, we classify portal hypertension into prohepatic, hepatic and posthepatic. In adult age the most frequent form is the hepatic one associated with cirrhosis of the liver, in childhood prehepatic hypertension associated with thrombosis of the porta. The significance of portal hypertension is due in particular to its sequelaes. Among the most serious ones is the development of a collateral circulation with subsequent gastroesophageal varicosities. The latter involve the risk of rupture and massive haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract. The patient develops posthaemorrhagic shock. The author mentions the most important metabolic and cellular changes caused by shock. The importance of complications is emphasised. Haemorrhage is frequently followed by hepatic failure, which even nowadays is usually fatal. The author mentions also the risks of hypersplenism and emphasizes their participation in haemorrhage. In the introduction the author points out why wo much attention should be paid so portal hypertension and procedures influencing it.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Macrophage-derived AIM is endocytosed into adipocytes and decreases lipid droplets via inhibition of fatty acid synthase activity.

Macrophages infiltrate adipose tissue in obesity and are involved in the induction of inflammation, thereby contributing to the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Here, we show that the macrophage-derived soluble protein AIM is endocytosed into adipocytes via CD36. Within adipocytes, AIM associates with cytosolic fatty acid synthase (FAS), thereby decreasing FAS activity. This decreases lipid droplet size, stimulating the efflux of free fatty acids and glycerol from adipocytes. As an additional consequence of FAS inhibition, AIM prevents preadipocyte maturation. In vivo, the increase in adipocyte size and fat weight induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was accelerated in AIM-deficient (AIM(-)(/-)) mice compared to AIM(+/+) mice. Moreover, injection of recombinant AIM in AIM(-)(/-) mice suppresses the increase in fat mass induced by HFD. Interestingly, metabolic rates are comparable in AIM(-)(/-) and AIM(+/+) mice, suggesting that AIM specifically influences adipocyte status. Thus, this AIM function in adipocytes may be physiologically relevant to obesity progression.Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 20519120

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On a generalization of the Rapini-Papoular expression of the surface free energy for nematic liquid crystals

The effect of the K 13 and K 1 elastic constants on the equilibrium orientation of nematic liquid crystals is considered. Our analysis shows that these terms can be ignored if the surface energy is modified in a particular way. In this manner the difficulties in the elastic theory of nematic liquid crystals connected to the proper minimization of the free energy can be solved. Several suggestions have been made in the past to overcome this lacuna in the elastic theory of nematics. In our paper we suggest a different approach leading to a new surface free energy.The surface variation of the nematic average orientation induced by K 13 and K 1 is also estimated.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue and Nine-story Pagoda Buddhist Reliquary in Hwangnyongsa Temple after the Mongolian Invasion

황룡사는 1238년 몽고전란으로 큰 피해를 입었다. 특히 황룡사의 중심 예배대상인 금당의 장육삼존상과 구층탑이 전소됨으로 인해 당시 황룡사가 폐사된 것으로 인식하기 쉽다. 그러나 『삼국유사』의 황룡사 관련 기록을 검토한 결과 『삼국유사』에 인용된 ‘寺中記’, ‘刹柱記’, ‘寺中古記’ 등은 황룡사 전래 기록으로 몽고전란 이후에도 일정기간 황룡사가 존속했음을 보여준다. 『삼국유사』에는 황룡사 이외에도 감은사, 동천사, 영축사, 불국사 등 ‘사중기’를 인용한 사찰 관련 기록이 다수 수록되어 있다. 이들 사찰은 모두 일연스님이 『삼국유사』를 집필할 당시 존속했던 사찰이라는 공통점이 있다.<BR> 황룡사 장육삼존상이 소실된 이후 일연이 목격했다는 ‘소석가상’은 몽고전란 이후 장육상을 대체해서 그 자리에 다시 세운 불상으로 판단된다. 15세기 김시습의 시에 등장하는 동상과 조선시대 문헌에 황룡사 터에 남아있다고 기록한 장육상은 모두 일연이 목격했던 불상과 동일한 불상으로 해석된다. 황룡사 중금당지에 현존하는 장육상 대석에는 진흥왕대에 조성된 장육상을 고정했던 장치와는 별도로 후대에 추가로 가공한 흔적이 남아있다. 이러한 대석의 추가 가공은 기존의 장육상과 크기가 다른 불상을 고정하기 위한 변형으로 몽고전란 이후 황룡사 금당 불상에 변화가 있었음을 보여주는 근거가 된다.<BR> 끝으로 사리공 주변에 마련된 독특한 구조의 排水溝와 사리공을 덮고 있는 방형대석은 구층탑의 소실로 인해 외부에 노출된 사리장치를 보호하기 위해 추가된 시설이다. 이는 곧 몽고전란 이후 황룡사 구층탑 사리장치에 변화가 있었다는 것을 보여주는 물질적 증거가 된다.

Topic: Cultural and Historical Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Microbubble Content in the Wake of a Cavitating Hydrofoil

The microbubble content in the wake of a cavitating hydrofoil is investigated in a variable pressure water tunnel using long-range microscopy shadowgraphy. A 200 mm span, 120 mm base-chord NACA 63A015 section elliptical planform hydro-foil was mounted at 3.5 ◦ incidence in a 0.6 m square tunnel test section. The microbubbles generated by the cavitation in the hydrofoil wake at a Reynolds number of 0.5×106 and a cavi-tation number of 0.37 were characterised at several locations. The bubble content was photographed at three locations down-stream of the trailing edge, and five spanwise and three trans-verse locations. Measurements were made downstream of the region where shed vortices from the cavity trailing edge are still visible. The bubbles were back-lit using diffused laser lighting and images captured with a CCD camera. The image resolution was approximately 2 µm/pixel. The dominant bubble size in the wake was found to range between 25 and 40 µm depending on location. Bubbles larger than 200 µm are evident in the wake but not well captured with these tests. Additional tests with a higher magnification are required to image bubbles below 20 µm.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Revised supplementary Table 1 from Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies MEN1 and MAX Mutations and a Neuroendocrine-Like Molecular Heterogeneity in Quadruple WT GIST

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Significative pathways found by functional enrichment analysis with WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quran's Vision toward Arab's Social Culture in Age of Ignorance

Quran is Muslims’ Holy Scripture and came in an environment in which humans were bewildered and in a bias and ignorance having a culture composed of correct and incorrect elements. This environment of ignorance covered various tribes and different cultures and traditions. Those people whom were governed by a certain tribal system had a firm social and belief foundations. To understand the vision of Quran toward Arab’s ignorance culture, the present work is performed in social category. Quran’s vision in this regard can be classified into three classes: reject, modulation and confirmation of that culture. Research method is documentary and library which studies Quran’s vision using interpretations. Eight indices of Arab’s ignorance culture and Quran’s vision toward them are “covenant” confirmed by Quran, “slavery and group nemesis” modulated by Quran, “women in age of ignorance”, “burying girls”, “Arab’s food”, “Azlam and Meisar” and “wine” rejected by Quran.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pengaruh Faktor Eksternal dan Internal terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Memilih Karir sebagai Wirausaha

This study aims to determine the effect of external and internal factors on intention students to entrepreneur career. The population used in this study were student in STIE Anindyaguna and STTPati which amounts to 100 people. Method of sampling technique in this study carried with purposive sampling. The analysis tool used is the technique of path analysis. The results obtained in this study is the positive effect of external and internal factors on intention students to entrepreneur career.

Topic: Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AAV-Tgfb1 vs. bleomycin: Analysis of gene expression profiles in two models of pulmonary fibrosis

Translating clinically relevant disease mechanisms into early preclinical research is key for the successful development of new pharmaceutical drugs. For pathway-focused studies, viral vector-mediated overexpression or knockdown prove very useful to modulate target gene function in vivo . Particularly, Adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used to set up respiratory disease models. However, even improved Ad vectors induce substantial inflammation following application into the lung, possibly interfering with disease-relevant pathways and therefore limiting their use. To identify an efficient alternative vector with the lowest possible immunogenicity, we carried out a systematic comparison of a commonly used Ad5 vector and an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 6-based vector. While the Ad5 vector induced an inflammatory response including T-cell activation, the AAV vector did not cause any measurable immune response. We then successfully applied this AAV vector to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model in mice by overexpression of Tgfb1 . Characterization based on immune cell analysis, histology and lung function measurement confirmed fibrosis manifestation. For in-depth analysis of fibrosis development over time, we applied deep sequencing to profile changes in gene expression, particularly in comparison to the commonly used bleomycin model. The increased understanding of the molecular pathways involved will help to decide in the future, which of the models is appropriate to answer defined scientific questions in pulmonary fibrosis research and preclinical drug development.

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STUDY ON INDOOR AIR CONTAMINATION BY MICROBE IN BUILDING WITH GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION PIT AND NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

In order to design the indoor air quality on bio-aerosol appropriately, it is necessary to clarify the actual status of contamination caused by microbe such as bacteria and fungi in indoor environments. This report describes the results from an investigation of indoor environment, contamination state of a microbe by Andersen sampler, and Gram staining in a building. The main conclusions obtained from this research are as follows. (1) Moderate correlation was seen between airborne microbe concentration and indoor environment. (2) The airborne fungi concentration exceeded the academic standard value. (3) As a result of average aerodynamic diameter and Gram staining, airborne fungi concentration and species were easily affected by the outdoor air, but the outdoor air had little or no effect on the airborne bacteria.

Topic: Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Environmental influences on the spatial distribution of European hake ( <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> ) and red mullet ( <i>Mullus barbatus</i> ) in the Mediterranean

Abstract Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to test the hypotheses that red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) and hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) abundances are related to the bathymetry, spatial location and the temperature‐based variability of the NE Mediterranean. Data were collected during a 2‐year period (1996–1997) of quasi‐synoptic sampling using demersal trawl surveys in the northern Aegean Sea. The results of this study supported these hypotheses. It was found that geographic position and sea bottom characteristics influence the temporal distribution patterns of red mullet and hake. Data are presented that reveal species‐specific aggregation patterns and an important habitat utilisation of the area. The modelled species’ abundances showed a strongly non‐linear dependence on the explanatory covariates. This study, although not directly dealing with spawning, also provided evidence that red mullet and hake demonstrate environmental and bathymetric preferences in the months posterior to spawning. Mean red mullet abundance was consistently highest in areas with warmer bottom waters in the east and west than in the centre, these areas having shallower depths (35–60 m) and bottom temperatures around 19°C. The red mullet appeared to avoid the cold bottom waters (&lt;16°C) of the deeper regions. Results indicated that areas with the highest hake abundances were located in waters of ∼160 m having bottom temperature of ∼16°C and avoided the shallower waters (&lt;70 m) regardless of their bottom temperature. The present findings also suggested that colder bottom waters at all depths were associated with lower‐than‐average hake abundance. Red mullet and hake preferences for areas with specific bathymetric and ocean environmental conditions are believed to be linked to the oceanography of the NE Mediterranean ecosystem.

Topic: Marine and fisheries research
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eccrine-Centered Nevus

A peculiar form of pigmented nevus consisting of grouped pigmented papules clinically was examined. It was found that these nevus cell nevi have a unique pattern of proliferation around and in the eccrine sweat duct in epidermal-dermal structures. I propose to call this type of nevus ``eccrine-centered nevus."

Topic: Genetic and rare skin diseases.
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
142 PUBLICATIONS\t\t\t1,629\tCITATIONS SEE PROFILE

An approach\tto\tthe\tmanagement\tof\tTrypanosoma cruzi infection\t(Chagas &amp;apos;\t disease)\t in immunocompromised patients

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Benchmarking of Optical Dimerizer Systems

Optical dimerizers are a powerful new class of optogenetic tools that allow light-inducible control of protein-protein interactions. Such tools have been useful for regulating cellular pathways and processes with high spatiotemporal resolution in live cells, and a growing number of dimerizer systems are available. As these systems have been characterized by different groups using different methods, it has been difficult for users to compare their properties. Here, we set about to systematically benchmark the properties of four optical dimerizer systems, CRY2/CIB1, TULIPs, phyB/PIF3, and phyB/PIF6. Using a yeast transcriptional assay, we find significant differences in light sensitivity and fold-activation levels between the red light regulated systems but similar responses between the CRY2/CIB and TULIP systems. Further comparison of the ability of the CRY2/CIB1 and TULIP systems to regulate a yeast MAPK signaling pathway also showed similar responses, with slightly less background activity in the dark observed with CRY2/CIB. In the process of developing this work, we also generated an improved blue-light-regulated transcriptional system using CRY2/CIB in yeast. In addition, we demonstrate successful application of the CRY2/CIB dimerizers using a membrane-tethered CRY2, which may allow for better local control of protein interactions. Taken together, this work allows for a better understanding of the capacities of these different dimerization systems and demonstrates new uses of these dimerizers to control signaling and transcription in yeast.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lobe-Specific Analysis of Sublobar Lung Resection for NSCLC Patients with Tumors ≤ 2 cm

(1) Background: Sublobar resection can be used as an alternative surgical strategy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the choice between wedge resection and segmentectomy remains contentious. In this study, we investigated the optimal surgical procedure for sublobar resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm with a lobe-specific analysis; (2) Methods: Data for patients with T1N0M0 with a diameter of ≤2 cm who had undergone sublobar resection were retrieved. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the inherent bias, and the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess the differences in survival; (3) Results: A total of 1882 patients were identified after the PSM. Patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm who had undergone segmentectomy showed better survival than those who had undergone wedge resection. However, when NSCLC was ≤1 cm, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups. This demonstrated an OS advantage of segmentectomy over wedge resection for patients with NSCLC tumors of 1–2 cm (p = 0.024). Further analysis indicated that this survival benefit was only observed in patients with right upper NSCLC of 1–2 cm, but not with NSCLC in the other four lobes; (4) Conclusions: Segmentectomy showed a greater survival benefit than wedge resection only in patients with NSCLC of 1–2 cm, particularly those with primary tumors in the right upper lobe. Therefore, we propose a lobe-specific sublobar resection strategy for early-stage NSCLC patients (tumors of 1–2 cm) who cannot tolerate lobectomy.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences