jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Is More Severe in Children with a Recent History of Vaccination

Background:: Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenia (ITP) the most common cause of acute onset thrombocytopenia in children, can be classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary to different causal agents (drugs, vaccination, infections). Objectives:: This study is aimed to observe the severity of ITP based on the probable cause of the disease, specifically vaccination. Patients and Methods:: This retrospective observational study surveyed the records of all patients, aged 1 to6 months, who were admitted with the diagnosis of ITP at Mofid children hospital in a 5 year period (2005-2010). Based on history of recent vaccination (< 6 weeks), patients were divided into two groups. The severity of ITP, described by the platelet count, was then compared between the recently vaccinated and not recently vaccinated groups. Severe ITP was defined as platelet count below 20,000/mm3. All ITP patients with concomitant diseases, diagnoses other than ITP, or simultaneous history of vaccination and probable virus infection were excluded. Results:: 51 patients were enrolled in this study (mean age = 3.86 ± 1.53 months; males = 32 [62.7%]). In 33 (64.7%) patients the platelets level was below 20000 /mm3. Thrombocytopenia following vaccination was observed in 25 (49%) patients. The number of patients with platelet count below 20000 /mm3 was significantly higher in the recently-vaccinated group (P value = 0.006). ITP was more frequent in the recently vaccinated children under 3 months of age (P Value = 0.03). Conclusions:: In this study, a higher rate of more severe ITP in recently vaccinated young children was observed in comparison with other probable etiologies. Further investigations are needed to explain this finding.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Occurrence and Some Properties of Two Types of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase in a Facultative Methylotroph, <i>Protaminobacter ruber</i>

In addition to the α-ALA synthase already reported (Fraction I: molecular weight, 100,000; optimal pH, ca. 8.0), an isozyme (Fraction II: molecular weight, 64,000; optimal pH, ca. 6.4) was found in Protaminobacter ruber grown in the dark after an initial light period (20~30hr). The fraction I- and II-enzymes were separable by gel-filtration through Sepharose 6B. While the former was formed constitutively, the latter was formed inducibly under the conditions for bacteriochlo-rophyll formation. Therefore, the fraction II-isozyme seems to be responsible for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimized design of lightweight structural parameters for large-aperture primary mirror

As for the lightweight structure of a large-aperture primary mirror in remote sensors,this paper introduces an optimized multi-target Genetic Algorithm(GA) based on the Kriging approximate model to design all lightweight structure paramaters for a 2 m-aperture SiC primary mirror.The latin hypercube method is used to build the Kriging model and do the experimental design of optimized parameters,and then a optimal solution is obtained through the multi-target GA(NSGA II).After the optimization,the 2 m-aperture SiC primary mirror weights 243 kg,the surface accuracy reaches 25.7 nm PV,4.7 nm RMS and the total lightweight rate is 84%.The experimental result proves the feasibility of this optimization method and it can be a reference for the future lightweight optimization design of the structural parameters of large-aperture primiary mirrors.

Topic: Optical Systems and Laser Technology
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Variations in the NOx Emission of Gas Turbines: Effects of Air Temperature, Air Humidity and Natural Gas Composition

The NOx emission, produced by gas turbines varies with ambient conditions and with fuel gas composition. Often, legislation requires that the NOx emissions of gas turbines has to be corrected to standard conditions. The EPA formula may be used for the correction for ambient temperature and humidity. In the Netherlands, the correction for fuel-gas composition is based on the observation that for natural gases, NOx emission varies linearly with the Lower Calorific Value (LCV). It is concluded that both the EPA and LCV correction formulas are equivalent to the following relation between flame temperature and NOx emission: NOxa=NOxb*(1.0065)Ta−Tb where Ta and Tb represent characteristic flame temperatures under conditions a and b. In the paper, the utility of the EPA and the LCV correction formulas for gas turbines equipped with modem lean-premixed combustors is discussed.

Topic: Vehicle emissions and performance
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Present Position In Gelatin and Glue Research<sup>†</sup>

Recent research on the relation between the structure of gelatin and properties is reviewed, with especial reference to investigations carried out at the British Gelatin and Clue Research Association. The influence of the process of manufacture is considered and attention is drawn to outstanding problems, in particular the unexplained differences in rigidity modulus of gels.

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fine structure of spatial diode photoresponse profiles measured while scanning a narrow strip-shaped illumination spot with FPA diode

The three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of charge-carrier diffusion in a mercury-cadmium-tellurium based focal plane array (FPA) was used to calculate the spatial diode photoresponse profiles measured while scanning a narrow strip-shaped illumination spot with a selected FPA diode in the limit of largest and lowest diode photocurrents. The simulation was performed for a standard 2D n-on-p FPA with square photodiodes. Fine features in measured spot-scan profiles due to the presence of FPA structure were identified, and the de-pendence of these features on the boundary conditions for diffusing charge carriers at the n-type diode regions was demonstrated. An explanation to the shape of the profiles, fully con-sistent with the computational procedure of the problem, is given.

Topic: Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The relation between low self-esteem and depressive mood in a non-clinical sample: The role of gender and negative life events

The suggestion that self-esteem is both a protective and a risk factor for depression is well documented. However, this association is not consistently observed by empirical research. The current study investigated the main and interactive effects of low self-esteem and stressful life events on depressive mood in a sample of university students (N = 862; female = 72%; black = 67%; mean age = 21.70, SD = 13.51). The students completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM); with stressful life events scores as a mediator, and gender as a moderator, of the relation between low self-esteem and depression. Results indicate that low self-esteem significantly predicted depression, and that stressful life events partially mediated that relationship. Support emerged for the vulnerability effects of low self-esteem on depression and they held across gender groups. Low self-esteem may be a significant indicator of individuals who are at risk for developing depressive mood.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression profiling of RWP-RK gene family under low nitrogen and nodulation in Arabidopsis and legumes

<title>Abstract</title> Background Nitrogen, as a constituent of amino acids and nucleic acids, is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. The nitrogen-fixation clade (NFC) is a clade, consisting of Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales, where all nodulating plants have been originated. The plant-specific RWP-RK family of transcription factors are involved in nitrate responses and play specific roles in nodule inception. In the present study, by investigation of RWP-RKs at genome-wide level and comparative coexpression networks, the roles of RWP-RKs involved in nitrate response and nodulation were analyzed to reveal evolution of RWP-RKs and a possible relationship between nitrogen signaling and nodulation.Results Here, we systematically investigated 292 RWP-RKs from 26 species of legumes and non-legumes of NFC by whole-genomic analysis and characterized their evolutionary relationships, protein motifs, and gene structures. We compared RWP-RK networks from Arabidopsis thaliana under N-starvation and N-supplementation conditions, as well as transcriptome atlases from Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max . This revealed that N starvation, which is essential for nodulation, alters the connectivity of RWP-RKs to other genes, including symbiosis-related genes. Meanwhile, appropriately low concentrations of nitrates stimulate nodulation by regulating RWP-RK expression in P. vulgaris .Conclusions Our comparative evolutionary analysis of RWP-RKs between A. thaliana and legumes revealed the evolutionary features and the relationship between the nitrate signaling pathway in a model organism and nodulation in legumes.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aseptic Meningitis and Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis

The association of enteroviruses with the aseptic meningitis syndrome has been not only of academic interest, but has also offered the clinician an additional buffer against hysteria in his practice. The wide-spread publicity given poliomyelitis in the past 2 decades has raised the sensitivity of both the lay public and physicians to a hyperactive state when the diagnosis of poliomyelitis is considered. Certainly everyone appreciates and respects the seriousness of this disease in the paralytic form. However, when there is no evidence of weakness, but a tentative diagnosis of "nonparalytic" poliomyelitis is made, a chain reaction is frequently encountered similar to that when the patient does have paralytic disease. The hospital and physicians are then bombarded with questions from various persons or groups who were even in the remote vicinity of the patient. Obviously many patients in the past who had been reported as nonparalytic poliomyelitis in reality had other

Topic: Fungal Infections and Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
OUP accepted manuscript

Journal Article Asylum in Crisis: Migrant Policy, Entrapment, and the Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Siracusa, Italy Get access Adam Kersch, Adam Kersch * Adam Kersch, MA, is a doctoral student, University of California, Davis, Department of Anthropology, Davis, USA. Email: akersch@ucdavis.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joanna Mishtal Joanna Mishtal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 35, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 97–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdw017 Published: 29 November 2016

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Printed Rampart-Line Antenna with a Dielectric Superstrate for UHF RFID Applications

A printed Rampart line antenna with a dielectric superstrate for passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. A design process is outlined to determine the number of elements used in the rampart line antenna to achieve the required gain for the desired read range. An inductive loop is then added to the port to match the antenna with the passive tag circuitry. It is shown that a passive tag with a printed Rampart line antenna and a dielectric superstrate can achieve comparable read ranges to commercially available passive RFID tags.

Topic: RFID technology advancements
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Welfare States and Working Mothers

What is the relationship between women and the welfare state? How do women reconcile paid work and family responsibilities? These questions are of central political concern to nearly all Western industrialised countries and have provoked considerable scholarly disagreement. In this timely book, Dr Arnlaug Leira presents both a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the relationship between women's lives, employment practices and childcare provision. Focusing upon the social construction of motherhood in Scandinavia, Arnlaug Leira shows how, contrary to common perceptions, there is no shared model of welfare policies and women's work. Instead, the position in Norway is significantly different from that in Sweden and Denmark. The author then presents an ethnographic analysis of the lives of working mothers in Norway. She details the complexity of the strategies by which women cope and support one another in combined earning and childcare in a situation where state provision is limited. Welfare States and Working Mothers will be widely read by students and specialists of sociology, social policy and administration, political science and women's studies. It will also be of interest to policy makers, social workers, teachers and nursery-school workers.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MIFEPRISTONE VS. PLACEBO AS AN UTERINE SENSITIZER FOR SECOND TRIMESTER ABORTIONS

Introduction: Mifepristone can be used prior to prostaglandins as an uterine sensitizer in second trimester abortion. This accelerates the expulsion of fetus. This study was done to compare the efficacy and side effects of using oral mifepristone tablet vs placebo 24 hours prior to induction of second trimester abortion. Methods: This was a randomized control study conducted in the dept of obsand gynae, RIMS. Women for termination of pregnancy between 13 to 20 weeks were selected according toMTP Act. Group A: Women in this group (n=50) received 200mg of oral Tablet Mifepristone 24 hours prior to induction of abortion. Group B: Women in this group (n=50) received tablets of placebo 24 hours prior to induction of abortion. Induction was done in both groups by intracervical application of dinoprostone (PGE2)gel followed by vaginal misoprostol. Data was compared using chi square test. Result:: In group A, 36 patients and in group B, only 3 patients expelled within 12-24 hours whereas 47 patients in group B took more than 24 hours to complete the expulsion process ( p value is <0.00001). In group A, 30 patients had vaginal bleeding upto 100 ml during the entire process of MTP whereas 38 patients had bleeding >200 ml in group B ( p value is < 0.00001). In group A, 42 patients had complete abortion, whereas in group B, only 24patients had expelled completely. Conclusion: Pretreatment with mifepristone in second trimester abortionis an effective uterine sensitizer with safety and good tolerability.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
OPTICAL NEURAL NETM ORKS BASE ON OPTICAL INTERCONNECTION

Optical signal has the characteristics of interconnection and parallelism, it can be processed and transferred through complex amplitude, full parallel, high performance and jillion interconnection. This paper introduces the characteristics and physics essence of optical interconnection. Through analyzing matrix-vector multiplication and matrix-matrix multiplication, to explain the optical neural networks processing principle.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A taxonomic note on the tapejarid pterosaurs from the Pterosaur Graveyard site (Caiuá Group, ?Early Cretaceous of Southern Brazil): evidence for the presence of two species

The Caiuá Group (Cretaceous of Southern Brazil) is famous for the Pterosaur Graveyard site, a location that has yielded hundreds of tapejarid specimens, among other taxa. Previous works had already presented various specimens of Pterosaur Graveyard (PG) tapejarids, reporting on several cranial elements showing substantial anatomical variations. These variations have been interpreted as intraspecific in nature, with all tapejarid specimens having been attributed to a single species, Caiuajara dobruskii. The present contribution reassesses the morphological diversity found in PG tapejarid specimens. Evidence is provided for the interpretation of several variations as interspecific in nature, particularly regarding rostral, palatal, occipital, and third cervical morphology. The present data indicate a segregation of the PG tapejarid specimens between two consistent morphotypes, which are interpreted here as two distinct, coexisting species: Caiuajara dobruskii and Torukjara bandeirae gen. et sp. nov.

Topic: Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anti-A1 Specific Lectin from a Central American Leguminous Plant

Summary An anti-A1 specific lectin has been found in an extract of Crotalaria breviflora, a leguminous plant from Costa Rica. α-Lactose and l-rhamnose did not neutralize the agglutination reaction for human blood group A1 when tested against extracts of C. breviflora and Crotalaria selectron, but inhibited the reactions with groups A2, B, and O cells. A comparison of the variability of reactivity of different species of Crotalaria to subgroups of human type A is reported.

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sigismund of Luxembourg, imperial reform and the problem of the «pre-reform movement» in the 15th century

The paper examines the way the imperial policy of King Sigismund was reflected in the political publicism in the 1430s focusing on the questions of the Reichsreform and political dualism and pre-reformative movement in the German lands. The research is based on two groups of sources: 1) the Latin scriptures devoted to the church and empire reform, composed by Johann Schele and Nicholas of Cusa the church hierarchs and supporters of King Sigismund; 2) the pieces of burgher literature containing pre-reformative views, namely Eberhard Windecke and the anonymous «King Sigismund’s Reformation». The research demonstrates that those burghers, as well as ecclesiastical scholars declared the ideas that had already been a part of Sigismund’s political conception. Johann Schele and Nicholas of Cusa tried to prove the necessity of the objection of the Papal reservations during the Sigismund’s coronation tour towards Rome, when it was the King himself who was drawn in a conflict with Venice and it’s puppet Pope Eugenius IV. The 2nd idea was the theory of two swords, the ecclesiastic one and the secular one, composed by Nicholas of Cusa, which was inserted in a royal charter. It could be found in the «King Sigismund’s Reformation» and works by Eberhard Windecke. This idea become a logical argument against the Pope’s claims on the secular power in the Western world. The 3rd idea inherent to the every of those four authors was to consider the imperial princes the stronghold of order in the Empire. Thus, there is a clear connection between the political publicism of the 1430s and Sigismund’s policy that has to be studied more precisely in future.

Topic: Historical and Cultural Studies of Poland
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SLD Research in the UK

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reviews work conducted in the UK aimed at developing validated methods to simulate ice accretion formed in super-cooled large droplet (SLD) icing conditions. To date, QinetiQ has completed one theoretical and three experimental programmes of work. Two further studies are currently in progress within UK universities. This paper provides results from the third test conducted by QinetiQ and NASA in the GKN Aerospace Composite Technologies Icing Research Wind Tunnel, Luton UK, to measure the mass loss through droplet splash during an SLD encounter. A description of the test procedures and the results obtained are provided. Future work on SLD methods development in progress in the UK is then briefly outlined.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Transportation and Mobility Innovations
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic Diversity in Invasive Populations of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.

In our study, two aggressive-invasive species, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. from Russia and Ukraine, were investigated. The success in naturalization of both species is associated with human activities, since they have been used in agriculture and floriculture and both have qualities such as environmental tolerance, high fertility and phenotypic plasticity. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of both species. For Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., genetic diversity was compared in invasive and native populations. For Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., the genetic diversity was compared in variety, feral and invasive populations. A genetic diversity was formulated using RAPD, ISSR and REMAP. For Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., the average genetic diversity within the invasive population was similar (0.432), but slightly less (0.502) than within the native Caucasian population. This may suggest the successful naturalization of invaders and almost complete reconstruction of their genetic diversity. For Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., the genetic diversity for the invasive population was the highest, with an average of 0.294, while for variety, it was the lowest, with an average of 0.194. The feral population had an intermediate place with an average of 0.248, which could suggest an increase of diversity in the process of naturalization.

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[The use of neoadjuvant intra-arterial polychemotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the genitalia].

Results are submitted of employment of intraarterial superselective polychemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of female genital organs in 106 patients; of these, forty individuals presented with carcinoma of the neck of the womb, 33 with tumours of the trophoblast, 18 had carcinoma of the ovaries, and 15 carcinoma of the body of the womb. A clinical analysis was done of the results obtained as were clinical-morphological correspondences (there has been studied a therapeutic pathomorphosis of the tumours) depending on the disease stage, individual schemes of polychemotherapy. The greatest benefit from the above treatment occurred in proliferative and invasive vascular mole and choriocarcinoma; patients with carcinoma of the neck and body of the womb derived less benefit, those with carcinoma of the ovaries experienced the least therapeutic effect. Intraarterial polychemotherapy permits the generative function to be preserved in trophoblast disease, the percentage of operability to be raised in carcinoma of the neck and body of the womb.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences