jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Single antiferromagnetic skyrmion transistor based on strain manipulation

Magnetic skyrmions are envisioned as ideal candidates as information carriers for future spintronic devices, which have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. In this paper, we design a spintronic device based on antiferromagnetic skyrmions, which is a single antiferromagnetic skyrmion transistor. The transistor consists of a source, a skyrmion island, a barrier region, and a drain. The barrier region is controlled by strains. We demonstrate the feasibility of the transistor by micromagnetic simulations. We find that the number of skyrmions that can pass the barrier region can be controlled by adjusting the strength of strain in the barrier region and the current density. In an appropriate current-strain region, skyrmions can flow from the skyrmion island to the drain one by one. This mechanism offers a promising route for designing tunable skyrmionic-mechanic devices.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Socio-Demographic Profile of Cancer Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Cancer is a significant public health concern globally, with its impact growing in low-and middle-income countries.Several factors influence the increasing rate of morbidity and mortality due to cancer.The study therefore, was a socio-demographic profile of cancer cases at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, to comprehensively examine the occurrence of cancer cases in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.Data were collected over a 6-month period from patients diagnosed with cancer at the hospital.Demographic information and the clinical syndromes associated with the various cancer types were systematically obtained from the patients using well-structured questionnaires.Descriptive statistics and relevant analytical methods were employed to provide insights into the burden and distribution of cancer cases.From the study, the prevalence was higher among patients between the ages of 40-69 (71.4%), while patients between the ages 19-39 (14.3%) recorded the lowest prevalence.Higher prevalence was however reported among the female cases (81.8%) than the male cases (18.2%).Data showed breast cancer emerged as the leading cancer type (61.4%), followed by ovarian cancer (9.1%), skin cancer (8.0%), cervical and lung cancer (5.7%), and liver cancer (1.1%).Results also showed that cancer was more prevalent among those in business (46.6%)followed by civil servants (37.5%) and least among clergymen (1.1%).Prevalence based on treatment type showed that patients exposed to chemotherapy (68.2%) were more than those on non-chemotherapy (31.8%).The distribution of cancer types exhibited notable diversity, encompassing various organ systems.This study therefore underscored the importance of surveillance and research efforts to better understand the epidemiological landscape of cancer in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.The results will thus serve as a foundation for the formulation of evidence-based strategies for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and management.Regular screening is hereby recommended to prevent the incidence of malignant cancer.

Topic: Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Redescription of<i>Placobdella papillifera</i>Verrill, 1872 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae)

The identification and taxonomy of Placobdella papillifera (Verrill, 1872) Moore, 1952 have been blurred by its varieties and have been compounded by the apparent lack of type material. Leeches collected from May 2008 through August 2012 from West River, New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut, the type locality of Clepsine papillifera Verrill, 1872, were consistant with P. papillifera (Verrill, 1872) Moore 1952 as described by Verrill (1872). The acquisition of these specimens from the type locality facilitated redescription of P. papillifera. A neotype is designated to stabilize the concept of P. papillifera. Placobdella papillifera appears to exhibit relatively low host specificity, having been documented on Chrysemys picta, Chelydra serpentina, Sternotherus odoratus and Homo sapiens in this study. Molecular comparison of CO-I sequence data from P. papillifera revealed differences of 15% from Placobdella ornata, 16% from P. rugosa, 18% from P. ali, 17% from P. multilineata and 14% from P. parasitica.

Topic: Leech Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Uma sucinta exposição da noção de honra no Bushidô de Nitobe

The honor understood as a virtue or as axiological invariant is a term that comes human civilization since ages pristine and has an important role in the formation of the modern subject itself. Their existence raises the question of archetypes to explain how a term can be universalized among men in different times and in different historical contexts and with a strong connotation in the act of the subject. In this small article we will expose a possible reading about this term inside the modern ethic Japanese focused in the work Bushido – The Soul of Japan (1900) of Nitobe Inazo (1868-1933), which presents a reinterpretation of the samurai code of conduct aimed at disseminating modern Nipponese values to the international community of the twentieth century.

Topic: Japanese History and Culture
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanical Pain Sensitivity in Postamputation Pain

Objectives: Postamputation, clinical markers of pain-related peripheral and central nervous system hypersensitivity remain understudied. This study aimed to identify whether adults with postamputation pain demonstrate greater pain sensitivity in primary (ie, amputated region) and secondary (ie, nonamputated region) sites, as compared with pain-free peers and controls with intact limbs. Methods: Ninety-four participants postunilateral, transtibial amputation (59 with pain, 35 pain-free) and 39 controls underwent pain-pressure threshold (PPT) testing at 10 sites. Pain-pressure thresholds were normalized to sex-specific control data using Z score conversions. Normalized primary-site and secondary-site PPTs were compared between groups using multivariate analysis of variance ( P &lt;0.050). Results: Compared with pain-free peers, adults with postamputation pain demonstrated reduced normalized PPTs across primary and secondary sites (mean difference=0.61-0.74, P =0.001 to 0.007). Compared with controls, adults with postamputation pain demonstrated reduced normalized PPTs (mean difference=0.52, P =0.026) only at primary sites. Discussion: Adults with postamputation pain demonstrate greater amputated region pain sensitivity as compared with pain-free peers or controls with intact limbs, indicating peripheral sensitization persists even after limb healing. Secondary-site pain sensitivity was similar between controls and adults with postamputation pain, suggesting central nervous system hypersensitivity may not be ubiquitous with postamputation pain. Studies are needed to investigate mechanisms underlying pain sensitivity differences between adults with and without postamputation pain.

Topic: Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 1: Introduction

&lt;p&gt;The Handbook of North American Indians series—the most monumental summary of knowledge on indigenous peoples of the USA, Canada, and Northern Mexico—was designed by the staff of the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) Department of Anthropology in the 1960s and, in 2022, culminates with Volume 1, edited by Igor Krupnik. Involving more than 70 contributors from the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and Germany, including indigenous contributors from across North America, the volume’s 35 chapters and more than 7,400 bibliography entries, Volume 1 presents new perspectives on the history of North America’s indigenous societies, issues facing North American indigenous communities in the 21st century, a thorough update of the studies of Native American indigenous peoples, and the first-ever history of the Handbook project. Volume 1 is an innovative collection of new contributions written in 2015–2017 and is organized in five sections that reflect the series’ three-pronged mission: to look forward, to update and assess developments in Native American research, and to account for the history of the Handbook initiative and its legacy. With Volume 1, the Handbook of North American Indians series concludes. &lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The efficiency of ordinary and nano extract of Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) seed in controlling the Mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)

The excessive use of chemical insecticides has led to the emergence of many environmental problems, which was reflected in the reconsideration of returning to the use of alternative methods, including the use of plant extracts. The study was conducted in 2023 to test the efficiency of the Ordinary and nano extract of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum eleaegnifolium Cav.) seeds in the mortality percentage of nymph stage and adults of the mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) in the laboratory after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment. Results showed that the highest percentage of cumulative mortality of the first nymph stage reached 100% after seven days when treated with alcoholic extract of silverleaf nightshade seeds at the concentration of 5% and 100% for all concentrations used of the nano alcoholic extract. The mortality percentage the third nymph stage was 77.5% at the alcoholic extract concentration of 5% and 87.5% for the nano alcoholic extract. The mortality percentage of adults caused by the alcoholic and nano alcoholic extract in the same concentration was 84.5 and 87.1%, respectively.

Topic: Research on scale insects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The return of the Food Taster. EU approaches to precaution in the food sector

A. THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 3 B. ARTICLE 95 EC TREATY: HARMONIZATION FOR THE INTERNAL MARKET 3 C. ARTICLE 152 EC TREATY 4 D. ARTICLE 174 EC TREATY 4

Topic: World Trade Organization Law
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality Assurance Tests: Release 1 Summary Test Results, June 2009

This report contains summaries of the results of two tests given as part of the IOGENE project. The IOGENE project involves genealogists in the design process of the redesigned Portal interface. The first test in this report was conducted from April 6 through April 9, 2009. The second test in this report was conducted from June 1 - June 4, 2009.

Topic: Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emergency mental health nursing for refugees and asylum seekers.

Emergency nurses see refugees and asylum seekers at the very point of their distress. This clinical update is intended to support nurses in their practice should they encounter an adult asylum seeker needing emergency mental health care. Practical strategies are highlighted to help nurses assess, care and comfort refugees and asylum seekers in this predicament.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic seeds extract of Nigella sativa (Linn) in Sudan

Nigella sativa Lin. (family- Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant globally and popular in various Indigenous system of medicines. The seeds are used as astringent, stimulant, diuretics and anthelmintic traditionally. They are also useful for treating jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin disorders. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) were tested against four standard bacteria, that is, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against two standard fungi species, that is,. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the agar plate diffusion method. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with the zone of inhibition ranging from 18 to 32 mm in length. The largest inhibition zone in the case of bacteria was obtained for against bacteria E. coli (32 mm) while in case of fungi highest inhibition was observed against Apergillus niger (25 mm). Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that N. sativa possess both antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. Key words: In vitro, antimicrobial activity, Nigella sativa (seeds), Sudan.

Topic: Nigella sativa pharmacological applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microstructure, Texture and deformation behavior of lithium containing magnesium alloys

Abstract: In the present work the deformation behavior of magnesium alloys with different lithium content has been investigated in terms of microstructures, crystal parameters, textures and mechanical properties. The lattice constants of α phase (hcp) determined by XRD varied with its lithium content and at the same time there are some changes in the texture composition. The plasticity would remarkably increase while β phase (bcc) becomes dominant in the microstructure of alloys.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Penyuluhan Pengaturan Diet pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Puskesmas Tamalate

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a rising incidence in Indonesia. One important effort in controlling diabetes is proper dietary management, yet many patients still do not understand the principles of a diabetes diet. This community service activity aims to improve patient knowledge about diet management through counseling at the Tamalate Community Health Center. The implementation method included material delivery, discussion, healthy menu simulations, and pre- and post-test evaluations. The activity was held on August 23, 2025, with 35 diabetes patients participating. The evaluation results showed an increase in participant knowledge after the counseling session, as well as a positive response to the method used. The daily menu simulation was considered very helpful in helping participants understand the implementation of a diabetes diet. It can be concluded that this counseling session effectively increased patient knowledge about diet management. Follow-up in the form of ongoing nutritional support is needed to support patient behavior changes in diabetes management.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neuroimaging of binocular vision in human amblyopia

Amblyopia is a visual developmental condition that usually occurs when one eye receives abnormal input. For many years amblyopia was thought to be untreatable beyond 8 years old, after which the visual system would become functionally monocular. Recent research has shown that binocular mechanisms do remain intact in amblyopia and therefore investigating the nature of the deficit is crucial for understanding where neural problems arise and how they can be treated. Chapter 3 used population receptive field (pRF) modelling to further understand the cortical problems caused by amblyopia. Findings suggest that neurons responding to the amblyopic eye have reduced spatial resolution within striate and extrastriate areas. Chapters 4 and 5 aimed to test the predictions of different computational models of amblyopia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), within the same group of participants. This is the first study to use a model driven approach to directly compare both neuroimaging methods within the same participants. The pattern of fMRI responses from the amblyopic eye showed evidence of a response gain effect and unbalanced interocular suppression, whereas EEG responses showed evidence of a contrast gain shift. Finally, Chapter 6 used EEG to objectively measure visual improvements, following treatment for amblyopia in children and adults. Measurable steady-state EEG responses were found for both groups; however, there was no convincing evidence of improvements in amblyopic eye responses throughout treatment. The studies undertaken in this thesis contribute to the wider understanding of the neural basis of amblyopia. Two different neuroimaging methods are compared, which has enabled insight into how current computational models of amblyopia could be improved. It is hoped that this research will further the development of treatments for amblyopia, by providing more insight into how binocular visual processes break down between the eyes.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Title: DISCOVERY OF PROBABILISTIC RULES FOR PREDICTION

Given an ordered sequence of objects (numbers, letters, symbols, observations, events, etc.) which is described by one or more attributes and is generated either deterministically or probabilistically. Suppose that the characteristics of the objects in the sequence is determined, to a certain extent, by the previous objects, the purpose of this paper is to present an inductive learning algorithm to analyze the inherent patterns in the sequence and to predict future objects based on these patterns. This inductive learning algorithm is divided into three phases: 1) detec- tion of underlying patterns in a sequences of objects; 2) construction of rules, based on the detected patterns, that describes the generation process of the sequence; and 3) use of these rules to predict the characteristics of the future objects. The learning algorithm has been implemented in a program known as the OBSERVER and it has been tested with both simulated and real-life data. The experimental results show that the OBSERVER is capable of discovering hidden patterns and explaining the behavior of certain sequence generating processes that a user is not immediately aware of or fully understood. For this reason, the OBSERVER may be employed to solve complex real world problems where predictions have to be made in the presence of uncertainty. It can also be employed, like some inductive learning programs, to be an aid for the knowledge acquisition process in the construction of knowledge-based systems.

Topic: AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Concentration of Prostaglandin E2 in Periradicular Lesions

Prostaglandins (PG) have been implicated in pathogenesis of periapical lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of PGE2 in human periapical lesions. Periapical specimens from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of chronic and acute apical periodontitis were obtained and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Periradicular tissues from unerupted third molars were frozen and used as controls. The concentration of PGE2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. Low levels of PGE2 were found in the control tissues as compared to those detected in chronic and acute lesions. A significantly higher level of PGE2 was found in acute lesions in comparison to those found in chronic lesions. The results show that acute lesions have higher concentrations of PGE2 than chronic lesions. The findings indicate that this substance participates in pathogenesis of human periapical lesions.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Diversity and Structure of Hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) Communities in Agricultural Areas in Vojvodina Province (Serbia) A Case Study on Brassica napus L.

To gain some insight into the structure of the hoverfly community in fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), we conducted field experiments over three years (2011-2013) at two localities in the province of Vojvodina, northern Serbia. We recorded a total of 20 hoverfly species. Three species-Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776), Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794)-were the most abundant in both localities and in each year. In order to determine the effect of climatic and non-climatic parameters on abundance and diversity of hoverflies, two separate PCA analyses were carried out. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between abundance and extracted PC axes, while ordinal multinomial regressions were conducted to determine the relationships between species diversity and extracted PC axes. We did not detect statistically significant correlations between climatic and non-climatic parameters and overall hoverfly abundance. PC axes exhibited slight correlation with species diversity. The first PC axis clearly showed that overall species diversity increases with increasing temperature, relative humidity and diversity of crops surrounding the surveyed plots, whereas PC2 related species composition with monthly average rainfall and the season and year of observation. Synecological analysis of our data indicated that only a few species are major contributors to hoverfly communities on the oilseed rape crops we investigated. However, the importance of less abundant hoverfly species should not be underestimated, as sometimes these species play an important role in pollination in a specific part of the day or season, and this should be considered when creating agricultural policies and regulations, especially when it is known that abundances of hoverflies and pollinators in general are positively correlated with floral abundance and abundance flowering plant species.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences