jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation of P300 ERPs with visual stimuli and its application to vigilance detection

Vigilance or sustained attention is defined as the ability to maintain concentrated attention over prolonged time periods. It is an important aspect in industries such as aerospace and nuclear power, which involve tremendous man-machine interaction and where safety of any component/system or environment as a whole is extremely crucial. Many methods for vigilance detection, based on biological and behavioral characteristics, have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, the existing methods are associated with high time complexity, unhandy devices and incur huge equipment overhead. This paper aims to pave an alternative solution to the existing techniques using brain computing interface (BCI). EEG device being a non-invasive BCI technique is popular in many applications. In this work, we have utilized P300 component of ERPs of EEG signal for vigilance detection task as it can be detected fast and accurately. Through this work, we aim to establish the correlation between P300 ERP and vigilance. We have performed a number of experiments to substantiate the correctness of our proposal and have also proposed an approach to measure the vigilance level.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The microtubule-associated protein tau forms a triple-stranded left-hand helical polymer.

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that bovine tau are 2.1 +/- 0.2-nm diameter filaments which are triple-stranded left-hand helical structures composed of three 1.0 +/- 0.2-nm strands. The reported amino acid sequence of human and bovine tau have been computer processed to predict secondary structure. Within the constraints imposed by the images, the secondary structure models and other structural information have been used to calculate tau's maximum and minimum length. The length calculations and secondary structure form the basis for image interpretation. This work indicates that each approximately 1.0-nm strand is a tau polypeptide chain and that the approximately 2.1-nm filament is composed of three separate tau chains (tau3). Bovine tau length measurements indicate that tau trimer filaments are generally longer than a fully extended tau monomer. These measurements indicate that each trimer, tau3, is joined with other trimers to form long tau polymers, (tau3)n. An inverse temperature transition has been found in the circular dichroism spectrum of tau indicating that its structure is less ordered below 20 degrees C and more ordered at 37 degrees C. The implications of this phenomenon with respect to tau's temperature-dependent ability to reconstitute microtubules is discussed and a mechanism for the possible abnormal aggregation of tau into neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease is proposed.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mission and evangelism: evangelical and pentecostal theologies in Asia

The church in Asia has been growing at a phenomenal rate, doubling twice in the last century. This chapter will first examine the beginnings of evangelical and pentecostal theologies up to the middle of the twentieth century; secondly their further developments over the last fifty years; and thirdly the challenges posed for understanding Christianity and mission in Asia and globally.

Topic: Christian Theology and Mission
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Schizophrenia treatment guidelines - an international perspective

One of the recent initiatives inaugurated by the EPA European Platform of Psychiatrists aims at improving quality of mental health care in Europe by providing and implementing evidence-based information and advice and thereby minimizing mental health care gaps. To provide such guidance for schizophrenia, an overview will be given of existing treatment guidelines. This overview will focus firstly on methodological quality, since according to survey from 2005 the methodological quality of most guidelines was at best moderate (Gaebel et al. 2005). Secondly, the focus will be on treatment recommendations regarding core clinical questions like early recognition and intervention, acute and long-term treatment. Accordingly, respective recommendations from well established international guidelines will be presented. In addition, participants hopefully from all over Europe are encouraged to engage in the discussion and to provide information from their national/regional treatment guidelines, especially if not available in English language.

Topic: Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rural network automation system of Guangxi Water Resources & Electric Power Group

An introduction was made on the structure of the rural network automation system of Guangxi Water Resources Electric Power Group.Combined with the features and actual requirements of rural power grid in Guangxi,the authors discussed the 5 function modules including SCADA,external network communication,Web real-time information publishing,system support platform and IP telephone.This system had been applied by power supply enterprises in more than 10 counties of Guangxi,rendering good effect.

Topic: Power Systems and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Economies of private sector participation in solid waste management in Takoradi - a Ghanaian city

Without going into the complex intricacies of the controversial privatisation debate that have since the 1980s ensued, this paper evaluates the economic feasibility of private sector participation in solid waste management in a Ghanaian city context. The criteria for identifying viable economic opportunities for investment are contingent to the prevailing market conditions. The primary consideration, inevitably, is the potential profit that can be derived. On the supply side, the weight of the premium placed on borrowed capital is a fundamental determining factor. On the demand side, the business prospects of private sector participation in solid waste management depends on the nature and the scale of cost recovery consequent upon the payment regime negotiated and accepted by the residents. It has been established through a case study of Takoradi that private sector participation in solid waste management in the city is a viable business venture within certain contextual conditions. An important consideration is the ability and willingness to pay by the residents. The designated payment regime is such that the returns are adequate to finance the service provision and leave a modest outlay to the investor as profit. On the part of the investor, the ease of access to investment capital and a congenial macro-economic environment are important determinants of successful business. Keywords: solid waste management, private sector, participation Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 26(1) 2006: 60-75

Topic: Urban and Rural Development Challenges
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design of Remote Video System Based on Web

A kernel technology of remote video system was analyzed. The operational mechanism and characteristics of software system of IP/TV and RealSystem was introduced. A design scheme of Web interactive remote video system was proposed. Through a period of test run, the net video system has a good transmission effect. As long as a camera head and a microphone are installed in the current net video system, functions of videoconference and remote education can be realized. Furthermore, it can take part in Internet/Intranet videoconference by wide area net to realize remote education of Internet. The system has an excellent developmental prospect.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Production-Distribution Planning with Fuzzy Costs

In a competitive market environment agility (flexibility and responsiveness) is a crucial strategic issue for manufacturing systems in order to broaden their market share. Adopting a BTO strategy would allow firms to effectively customize their products to a greater degree towards meeting specific customer requirements, and also it entails large cost savings by reducing raw material, WIP and finished good inventories while improving production flexibility. In this paper, we propose an integrated production-distribution planning model for a build-to-order supply chain (BOSC) with uncertain cost parameters. The BOSC scheduling model is constructed as a mixed integer fuzzy programming (MIFP) problem with a goal of reducing the overall operating costs related with component fabrication, procurement, assembling, inspection, logistics and inventory while improving customers satisfaction by allowing product customization and meeting delivery promise dates at each market outlet. An efficient compromise solution approach by transforming the problem to an auxiliary multi-objective linear programming model is also suggested

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Trichoderma</i>for Biocontrol and Biostimulation – A Green Fungus Revolution in Agriculture

The challenges to modern agriculture have not changed over time. Trichoderma are filamentous fungi belonging to the division Ascomycota, Order Hypocreales and Family Hypocreaceae. The selection of potential Trichoderma biocontrol agents can be based on observations of parasitized phytopathogens or in vitro experiments that demonstrate growth inhibition of the targeted microorganisms in plate confrontation cultures. Over time it became apparent that there were additional beneficial processes attributable to Trichoderma in the interactions with the plant that positively influenced crop protection to pathogens and pests. The crop protection properties of Trichoderma to confer resistance of the plant to biotic stress was also noted when the plants were subjected to abiotic stress. Other benefits to the plant by Trichoderma depend upon the fungal species/strains, the different compounds produced and their varying bioactive properties.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The meaning of a gastrin response to a test meal.

Factors that may influence the magnitude of the gastrin response to a test meal have been examined in vitro by use of isolated sheets of antral mucosa obtained from 78 patients who underwent gastric resection. The amount of immunoreactive gastrin (IG) released during stimulation with the luminal pH at 7.4 increased linearly with the passage of time and stopped abruptly when the luminal pH was lowered to 2.5. The rate at which IG was released by the same stimulus at pH 7.4 was linearly related to the IG content in antral tissue (r = 0.66). The IG content in antral tissue increased during stimulation in vitro (10.05 +/- 2.09 to 19.77 +/- 3.38 pmol/mg tissue protein, P less than 0.03). These in vitro data suggest that the magnitude of the gastrin response to a test meal may be indicative of the IG content in antral tissue provided that: the tissue is in an unstimulated state when the stimulus is applied; the stimulus is applied for a standard span of time; the stimulus is applied to the antrum alone; and the inhibitory effects of acid are prevented by clamping the intraluminal pH at 7.4.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Social Constraints on Conversational Content: Heidegger on <i>Rede</i> and <i>Gerede</i>

What role does one’s community play in determining one’s meaning – in fixing the content of what is available to individual members of that community to do or to say? Heidegger, for one, has argued that our activities are heavily constrained by social factors. We always act within a public realm, which is already organized and interpreted in a determinate way. As a consequence, Heidegger explains, we are “constantly delivered over to this interpretedness, which controls and distributes the possibilities” available to us for action (GA 2: H. 167). Indeed, Heidegger argues that our being “delivered over” to the public interpretation of things is an inescapable feature of human existence. What is true of action in general is also true for our use of language. Heidegger claims that in language itself there is hidden an “understanding of the disclosed world” (GA 2: H. 168). So not just our possibilities for practical engagement with the things and people around us but even the possible range of what we can say is subject in some way to others.

Topic: Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficient technique to measure the concentration value of a scattering suspension using Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law

The efficient technique based on the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law for experimental measurement of the concentration value of an optically scattering medium is presented. The software for batch analysis of intensity distributions of scattered laser beam is developed and tested. An experimental laboratory setup to measure the concentration value of a scattering suspension of polystyrene microbeads is assembled.

Topic: Random lasers and scattering media
Subfield: Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polyphenol Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Various Solvent Fractions of Phyllanthus amarus

The prevention of various diseases and the promotion of health are the major functions of natural antioxidants. In the current study, the polyphenols, phytochemicals and antioxidants contents of various fractions of P. amarus obtained through fractionation were examined. Liquid-liquid partition separation was used in separating the P. amarus crude extract into various fractions (methanol, diethyl ether, n-hexane, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions). The amount of polyphenols were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytochemicals and antioxidants assay were performed with standard methods. The phytochemical screening of P. amarus crude extract and different fractions revealed the presence of saponins (4.00 ± 0.50 mg/dL), tannins (7.50± 1.20 mg/dL), alkaloids (6.40 ± 0.05 mg/dL), steroids (1.55 ± 0.15 mg/dL), and flavonoids (6.00 ± 1.02 mg/dL). There was a significant improvement in the DPPH scavenging activity, flavonoids, total phenol, FRAP, ABTS, TAC, and ascorbate oxidase when comparing the crude extract to various fractions. Nine polyphenols such as o-salicyclic acid, caffeic acid, p-anisic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid were targeted in crude extract and different fractions. The total polyphenol content of crude extract and various fractions were as follows; crude extract &gt; methanol fraction &gt; diethyl ether fraction &gt; n-hexane fraction &gt; n-butanol fraction &gt; aqueous fraction. Overall, diethyl ether and methanol were found to be the best solvents for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from P. amarus leaves.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
EVALUATION OF PROPAGATION METHODS BY SEEDS AND CUTTINGS IN PIPER ADUNCUM (PIPERACEAE)

ISHS International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IMAPS2010 and History of Mayan Ethnopharmacology IMAPS2011 EVALUATION OF PROPAGATION METHODS BY SEEDS AND CUTTINGS IN PIPER ADUNCUM (PIPERACEAE)

Topic: Psidium guajava Extracts and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
A case study on the possible altitude‐dependent effects of collisions on sodium airglow emission

Simultaneous observations of a narrowband sodium (Na) airglow photometer corresponding to the D 2 line in conjunction with a Na lidar from Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), India, reveal episodic enhancements in Na airglow intensity during 1930–0142 Indian standard time (IST; IST = UT + 5.5 h) on 18–19 March 2007. This variation is drastically different from the average Na airglow intensity variation for that duration during that month. Interestingly, the Na airglow intensity variation is found to be well correlated with the Na atom concentration variation only at 93.6 km during the period 2312–0142 IST, a period closer to the measurement of mesospheric ozone by the Sounding of Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. Moreover, the correlation coefficient is not significant at 88.5 km, where the Na concentration is maximum. Estimations of the altitude profiles of the volume emission rate of Na airglow corresponding to the D 2 line using measured parameters during local postmidnight hours reveal that the peak of volume emission rate is different from 93.6 km. It is suggested that the altitude variation in collisional quenching is needed to match the peak altitude of emission to the altitude where correlation between the Na atom concentration and Na airglow intensity is maximum. The fact that the measured atmospheric pressure reduces by a factor of ∼2.5 as altitude changes from 88.5 to 93.6 km supports this proposition. The case study brings out the sensitivity of Na airglow intensity to the altitude dependence of the collisional quenching that eventually affects Na airglow emission.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A very low-power CMOS mixed-signal IC for implantable pacemaker applications

Low power consumption is crucial for medical implant devices. A single-chip, very-low-power interface IC used in implantable pacemaker systems is presented. It contains amplifiers, filters, ADCs, battery management system, voltage multipliers, high voltage pulse generators, programmable logic and timing control. A few circuit techniques are proposed to achieve nanopower circuit operations within submicron CMOS process. Subthreshold transistor designs and switched-capacitor circuits are widely used. The 200 k transistor IC occupies 49 mm/sup 2/, is fabricated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m two-poly three-metal multi-V/sub t/ process, and consumes 8 /spl mu/W.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Demographic characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma.

e12562 Background: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a very rare form of breast cancer characterized by fibrous encapsulation and expansile growth, causing 1-2% of all cases. A summary of 25 case reports found that although two-thirds of cases had invasive growth, EPC responded well to local therapy and is considered a favorable diagnosis as a result. Because classification and diagnostic criteria for EPC continues to be debated, examination of the demographics could prove useful in determining trends. Methods: A retrospective cohort study done using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004–2020 found 314 patients with an EPC diagnosis through histology. The following demographics were considered: age, sex, race, Hispanic identity, distance from residence to treatment facility, insurance coverage, type of facility, and Charleson-Deyo score. These variables were then analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: 314 patients were identified with a steadily increasing number of cases diagnosed per year until 2018, when cases per year dropped from 46 to 6 or below for the remaining 3 years (2018, 2019, 2020). Of these 314 patients, 16 were male and 298 were female. (5.1% and 94.9%, respectively). The average age of diagnosis was 69.6 years with a standard deviation of 11.8 and a range of 30 to &gt; 90 years. The majority (99.7%) were found in the breast, with the remaining found in the endometrium. The majority of individuals (82.2%) had Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores of 0. The majority of patients were non-Hispanic White, accounting for 88.9% of the total. A higher number of patients belonged to the highest income bracket, with 35.0% in the top quartile compared to those in other quartiles. The majority of patients had Medicare insurance, making up 63.1% of the total. More patients resided in counties with over 1 million people (56.7%) compared to those living in counties with a population below 1 million (43.3%). Most patients were treated at non-academic cancer centers (65.6%). On average, patients lived 19.8 miles (SD = 74.7, range = 1.8 – 370) from the treatment facility. Conclusions: Based on our literature review, this is the first NCDB analysis on EPC and thus addresses a significant knowledge gap on the topic. With an average age of diagnosis at 69.6 years, it is not surprising that the majority of patients were insured through Medicare. Male cases, while rare, support previous literature. Most commonly, EPC patients were most diagnosed in metropolitan areas. The majority of cases were diagnosed in the breast and most patients were treated at non-academic medical centers. While the vast majority of cases occurred in non-Hispanic white patients, it is unclear how much is due to race and how much is related to disparities in healthcare access and underdiagnosis in non-white races. Thus, further research is needed to understand which demographic factors prove to be the strongest predictors of EPC.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Correspondence book No.5 of Pentecostal Missionary Union [PMU], 1923-1925

[description english/roman)] Pentecostal Missionary Union [PMU] Correspondence book No. 5 including 57 pages of subject index; 2042 pages of PMU outgoing correspondence.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences