jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building the central Andes through axial lower crustal flow

The orogen‐scale morphology of the central Andes, which are longitudinally symmetric at ∼19°S, correlates with the modern geometry of the subducting Nazca slab but is largely independent of local bedrock geology or precipitation. Crustal thickness, as measured by the cross‐strike width of the orogen above 3000 m and the cross‐sectional area of the crust, is not well correlated with observed magnitudes of upper crustal shortening. In our interpretation, the large‐scale morphology is instead correlated with and controlled by lithospheric‐scale processes and subduction dynamics. Using a semianalytic, three‐dimensional Newtonian viscous flow model, we produce Andean‐like topography and distribution of upper crustal shortening during subduction of an oceanic lithosphere eastward beneath the Andes provided that (1) the more steeply dipping slab segment beneath the central Andes is overlain by the weak lower or middle crust, (2) the flat slab subduction segments to the north and south of this zone are overlain by the strong middle and lower crust, and (3) the steeply dipping central slab segment is overlain by a narrow, centrally localized zone of increased crustal shortening. The resulting model orogen displays substantial orogen‐parallel flow in the weak lower crust above the steep slab zone. Orogen‐parallel flow does not penetrate into the regions of stronger lower crust above the flat slab segments, resulting in a broad, plateau‐topped orogen above the central slab segment and narrow but high orogenic segments above the flat slab region. Redistribution of material through lower crust flow can account for the observed mismatch between crustal volume and upper crustal shortening in the central Andes and may explain young (&lt;10 Ma) crustal thickening and surface uplift that has been argued for in some regions.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Colorectal tuberculosis

Seven cases of colorectal (five of colonic and two of rectal) tuberculosis are presented. Only one of these patients had associated pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiologic signs of colorectal tuberculosis are nontypical, making the preoperative diagnosis difficult. All five patients with colonic tuberculosis presented with subacute intestinal obstruction and underwent resectional surgery followed by antitubercular chemotherapy. Both patients with rectal tuberculosis presented with rectal strictures and were treated by repeated dilatation combined with antitubercular drugs. All seven patients have been followed for two to ten years and have remained asymptomatic.

Topic: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
White Institutional Presence: The Impact of Whiteness on Campus Climate

In this conceptual paper, Diane Gusa highlights the salience of race by scrutinizing the culture of Whiteness within predominately White institutions of higher education. Using existing research in higher education retention literature, Gusa examines embedded White cultural ideology in the cultural practices, traditions, and perceptions of knowledge that are taken for granted as the norm at institutions of higher education. Drawing on marginalization and discrimination experiences of African American undergraduates to illustrate the performance of White mainstream ideology,Gusa names this embedded ideology White institutional presence (WIP) and assigns it four attributes: White ascendancy, monoculturalism, White estrangement,and White blindness.

Topic: Higher Education Research Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE SPECIFICITY OF THE BODY-CELL TOXINS.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A decision analytic approach to the role of visual evoked response and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in the management of singular spinal sclerosis.

With the use of Bayesian decision analytic techniques we assess the role of visual evoked response (VER) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations in the investigation of patients with suspected singular spinal sclerosis. An abnormal VER increases the probability of multiple sclerosis by 50%. An associated CSF abnormality does not affect this probability. In a setting of a negative VER, CSF abnormalities increase the probability of multiple sclerosis by 27%. On currently available data, VER should therefore be the primary investigation in patients with suspected singular spinal sclerosis. If the result is abnormal myelography may be omitted. CSF examinations are only useful if VER facilities are not available.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thoughts on endowment fundraising for libraries

Purpose Libraries rely on endowment revenue for collection development and general operating expenses. Endowment gifts, both for collection development and for general operating expenses, can be a significant priority for a library during this fund-raising effort. As such, it is this column's goal to summarize the challenges and advantages of these endowment gifts, and strategies for endowment fundraising in libraries. Design/methodology/approach Uses lessons learned by endowment efforts at the University of Pennsylvania Library, noting strategies that have worked. Findings Endowments present unique challenges and opportunities. While their benefits to the library are often less understood and intangible, often they are more accessible to donors due to a low threshold for establishment and the flexibility to give over a period of years. Originality/value Challenges and advantages are explored and strategies are offered to improve the effectiveness of endowment fundraising including marketing, challenge programs, and bequest encouragement.

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Motivation of Students of Petroleum Universities to Exercise Physical Culture

The article analyzes the motivation to engage in physical culture of students of non-physical culture universities. The statistical conclusions of the results of the questioning of students are presented. Priority and uninteresting motives have been determined, the dynamics of changes in students priorities in the learning process has been investigated. Recommendations for activating students to physical culture and sports are formulated.

Topic: Regional Economic Development and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Remarks on Hausdorff dimensions for transient limit sets of Kleinian groups

In this paper we study normal subgroups of Kleinian groups as well as discrepancy groups (d-groups), that are Kleinian groups for which the exponent of convergence is strictly less than the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set. We show that the limit set of a d-group always contains a range of fractal subsets, each containing the set of radial limit points and having Hausdorff dimension strictly less than the Hausdorff dimension of the whole limit set. We then consider normal subgroups $G$ of an arbitrary non-elementary Kleinian group $H$, and show that the exponent of convergence of $G$ is bounded from below by half of the exponent of convergene of $H$. Finally, we give a discussion of various examples of d-groups.

Topic: Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jonathan Edwards and a reformational view of the purpose of education

The contemporary quest for spirituality (or spiritual ‘connection’) in formal education can be linked to the question what education is for. The present article is concerned with contributing to a reformational approach to the question of the purpose of education, with specific reference to spirituality. From a reformational perspective, spirituality should be understood within the framework of the relation between God and his creation. In this article I turn to the thought of Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), a philosopher-theologian who was convinced that the world exists to communicate the glory of God. This conception of the relation between God and creation gave rise to three recurrent themes in Edwards’ philosophy which, I will argue, may be conducive to a reformational understanding of the purpose of education. These themes may provide us with ways of conceptualising various types of spiritual ‘connection’ in school education. The three philosophical themes are: knowledge as the true perception of relations; human beings as creation’s consciousness; and sound morality as arising from true perception. Provided that certain weak points (from a reformational philosophical point of view) are adjusted, these themes can be fruitfully applied to the question of the purpose of education.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Glass as a fire construction

Mass using of transparent building constructions as a fire construction has been marked in Slovakia of late. The transparent building constructions are most especially using for a inter fire compartments and also as a non-loadbearing facades. Important phase of transparent building constructions developing was possibility to design them thanks to varied offering of production the systems.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Review - antiviral portrait series Cidofovir, a new agent with potent anti-herpesvirus activity

Summary Cidofovir is a potent, broad spectrum antiviral agent with activity in vitro and in vivo against cytomegalovirus and other members of the her­ pesvirus family, as well as certain other DNA viruses. After uptake into cells it is converted enzymatically to cidofovir diphosphate, a structural analogue of deoxycytidine triphosphate, which selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerases relative to host cell polymerases. Cross-resistance to cidofovir is not usually seen with human cytomegalovirus isolates that are foscarnet-resistant, or isolates that are ganci­ clovir-resistant due to a deficiency in ganciclovir phosphorylation. Cross-resistance is seen, however, with isolates that are ganciclovir resistant due to polymerase mutations. A prolonged elimination phase seen in vivo, correlates with a long intracellular half-life seen in vitro and allows for efficacy in-animal models of virus infection with infrequent dosing or prophylaxis. Clinical studies of intravenous cidofovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS are claimed to show delay of retinitis progression with maintenance doses given once every 2 weeks.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microbial Transformation of Sterols

Journal Article Microbial Transformation of Sterols: Part III. Substrate Specificity for Cleaving Steroid Side Chains by Arthrobacter simplex Part IV. C19-Steroid Intermediates in the Degradation of Cholesterol by Arthrobacter simplex Get access Michitaro Nagasawa, Michitaro Nagasawa Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Norihiko Watanabe, Norihiko Watanabe Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hironaga Hashiba, Hironaga Hashiba Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gakuzo Tamura, Gakuzo Tamura Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kei Arima, Kei Arima Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hironaga Hashiba, Hironaga Hashiba Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Moo Bae Moo Bae Present Address: Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hawolgok-Dong, Sungbun-ku, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 34, Issue 5, 1 May 1970, Pages 798–804, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1970.10859686 Published: 01 May 1970 Article history Received: 03 October 1969 Published: 01 May 1970

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antibody detects lymphoma cells in 'normal' blood

A recently developed, highly sensitive method of detecting lymphoma cells in peripheral blood may enable more accurate diagnosis of aplasia following chemotherapy as well as earlier detection of relapse. In two published studies the method has been highly efficient in finding abnormal cells in cases where none had been found by conventional methods. The new technique depends on the facts that (1) 80% of lymphomas, which are solid tumors of the lymph nodes, are composed of B lymphocytes, and (2) these malignant B cells are monoclonal in origin. This means that the immunoglobulin on the surface of the malignant B lymphocytes is all of one type and contains either κ or λ light chains exclusively. Since in the normal state there are approximately equal numbers of lymphocytes expressing κ or λ chains, the presence of malignant cells will skew the distribution of lymphocytes toward an excess of those bearing one

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Secure multi-party computation problems and their applications

The growth of the Internet has triggered tremendous opportunities for cooperative computation, where people are jointly conducting computation tasks based on the private inputs they each supplies. These computations could occur between mutually untrusted parties, or even between competitors. For example, customers might send to a remote database queries that contain private information; two competing financial organizations might jointly invest in a project that must satisfy both organizations' private and valuable constraints, and so on. Today, to conduct such computations, one entity must usually know the inputs from all the participants; however if nobody can be trusted enough to know all the inputs, privacy will become a primary concern.This problem is referred to as Secure Multi-party Computation Problem (SMC) in the literature. Research in the SMC area has been focusing on only a limited set of specific SMC problems, while privacy concerned cooperative computations call for SMC studies in a variety of computation domains. Before we can study the problems, we need to identify and define the specific SMC problems for those computation domains. We have developed a framework to facilitate this problem-discovery task. Based on our framework, we have identified and defined a number of new SMC problems for a spectrum of computation domains. Those problems include privacy-preserving database query, privacy-preserving scientific computations, privacy-preserving intrusion detection, privacy-preserving statistical analysis, privacy-preserving geometric computations, and privacy-preserving data mining.The goal of this paper is not only to present our results, but also to serve as a guideline so other people can identify useful SMC problems in their own computation domains.

Topic: Cryptography and Data Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Single Trial Event Related Potential Extraction Based on Wavelet and Kalman Smoother Method

A single trial extraction method of event-related potential(ERP) was proposed.In this wavelet and Kalman smoother based method,wavelet transform was first applied to the averaged ERP to investigate its time-frequency characteristics.According to the time position of different components of ERP,the specific wavelet coefficients of single trial ERP on different scales were chosen to construct the measurement vector,which was filtered by Kalman smoother in the next step.Eventually,the disposed coefficients were reconstructed and the single trial ERP signal was obtained.The simulation experiments showed that the wavelet and Kalman smoother based method improved SNR about 16-18dB,and was better than 30 trial ensemble averaging method and the simple wavelet method.The proposed method could also track the ERP amplitude trend-like variability.The real dataset experiment showed that the method preferably extracted the ERP signal concealed in the ongoing background EEG and habituation or sensitization could explain the trend-like variability.

Topic: Advanced Decision-Making Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Examination of Parental Skill Acquisition Resulting From a State-Wide Dissemination of SafeCare®

Erin McFry An Examination of Parental Skill Acquisition Resulting from a State-Wide Dissemination of SafeCare. (Under the direction of Daniel J. Whitaker, Ph.D.) Family level data was collected from those served in a state-wide rollout of SafeCare® in Georgia between January of 2010 and November of 2011. Families who received SafeCare were trained in the intervention’s three modules: Parent-Child or Parent-Infant Interaction, Home Safety, and Child Health. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in parental skill demonstration by analyzing preand post-training assessments. Additionally, parental demographic characteristics were also assessed for associations with skill acquisition within each module. Follow-up analysis concluded that families displayed increases in parenting skills among all SafeCare modules. Moderator analysis showed that those with only one child showed greater decreases in home hazards as did those with two children. Also, it was found that income level moderated performance in the Parent-Child Interaction module with participants below the median income level exhibiting a greater increase in PCI skill demonstration than those above the median income level. Further research should consider modeling multiple parental characters (e.g. CPS status and income) with skill performance over time. Lastly, additional research should aim to determine if those who exhibit increases in parenting skills are also less likely to experience future child maltreatment reports. INDEX WORDS: demographic characteristics, parental characteristics, parental skill acquisition, implementation research, parent-training programs, evidence-based programs, SafeCare model An Examination of Parental Skill Acquisition Resulting From a State-Wide Dissemination of SafeCare® Erin A. McFry B.A., Georgia State University A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Short-term safety assessment of clobetasol propionate 0.05% shampoo: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, atrophogenicity, and ocular safety in subjects with scalp psoriasis.

Clobetasol propionate is known to be a very effective treatment for psoriasis; however, its use is limited by potent corticosteroid class related side effects such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression and atrophogenicity. The aim of this single-center, parallel group, randomized study was to assess the HPA axis suppression potential, atrophogenicity, and ocular tolerability of clobetasol propionate shampoo in 26 patients with scalp psoriasis. Suitable subjects were treated once daily for 4 weeks with clobetasol propionate shampoo, to be rinsed off after 15 minutes or with a leave-on clobetasol propionate gel. The study demonstrated that clobetasol propionate shampoo did not lead to HPA axis suppression or to skin atrophy. Conversely, the gel led to HPA axis suppression and a decrease in skin thickness. Neither formulation had an impact on ocular safety. Despite the short contact application time, the clobetasol propionate shampoo provides similar efficacy results to the gel.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sentiment analysis of comments in social media

Social media platforms are witnessing a significant growth in both size and purpose. One specific aspect of social media platforms is sentiment analysis, by which insights into the emotions and feelings of a person can be inferred from their posted text. Research related to sentiment analysis is acquiring substantial interest as it is a promising filed that can improve user experience and provide countless personalized services. Twitter is one of the most popular social media platforms, it has users from different regions with a variety of cultures and languages. It can thus provide valuable information for a diverse and large amount of data to be used to improve decision making. In this paper, the sentiment orientation of the textual features and emoji-based components is studied targeting “Tweets” and comments posted in Arabic on Twitter, during the 2018 world cup event. This study also measures the significance of analyzing texts including or excluding emojis. The data is obtained from thousands of extracted tweets, to find the results of sentiment analysis for texts and emojis separately. Results show that emojis support the sentiment orientation of the texts and that texts or emojis cannot separately provide reliable information as they complement each other to give the intended meaning.

Topic: Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences