jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal assessment of technical efficiency in the outpatient production of maternal health services in México

We assess technical efficiency (TE) level for Mexican Ministry of Health (MoH) primary care units. Assessment was focused on the production of adequate maternal health services defined as the coverage level of women who received timely and frequent antenatal care, and institutional and medical care during childbirth. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of administrative and socio-demographic information concerning 233 health jurisdictions for the period 2008-15. Crude TE was calculated using window data envelopment analysis (Windows-DEA). Empirical analysis included the description of several factors affecting the production of maternal health services, including the heterogeneity and trends assessment of TE among health jurisdictions. We estimated a pooled regression model with robust standard errors to identify correlates of TE and estimated adjusted performance scores. Results indicate that while the production of adequate maternal-health services and TE in health jurisdictions proved insufficient, they rose by 22% (from 40.9% to 49.8%) and 14% (from 54.3% to 62%), respectively, over time. Furthermore, variance in efficiency among production units diminished and persistent regularities were observed. Performance was highest in the Northern as opposed to the Southern and Southeastern health jurisdictions, but lowest in the most marginalized zones of the country marked by economic inequality and the presence of indigenous populations. The Mexican Health System has reached a paradoxical situation: the steady escalation of financial resources in the public health subsystem over the past 15 years has yielded sub-optimal results as regards coverage for essential maternal health interventions among the poorest. Mexican government must put in place a set of measures to guarantee efficiency in the system's performance without affecting equity gains. This necessarily involves reconsidering, and where necessary replacing, the criteria behind the allocation and distribution of resources, as well as the mechanisms for controlling how resources are used and accountability is fulfilled.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[P.D.F Download] Behind Rebel Lines: The Incredible Story of Emma Edmonds, Civil War Spy Full PDF Online

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Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Polyfluorenes minimally doped with 1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene chromophore: Their synthesis, characterization, and application to white‐light‐emitting materials

Abstract Copolyfluorenes ( PFR1 and PFR2 ), chemically doped with 0.1 and 0.025 mol % 2,5‐dihexyloxy‐1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene (MR chromophere) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The PFR s were used to fabricate white‐light‐emitting devices through incomplete energy transfer. Because of the low content of the MR chromophore, the optical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of the PFR s were almost identical to those of polyfluorene, except for their photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties. The copolymer films showed PL peaks at about 428 and 570 nm originating from fluorene segments and MR chromophores, respectively. Compared with the model compound ( MR ), the polymer chains extended the conjugation length of the MR chromophores and exhibited a 20–48 nm red‐shift in the emission band. In addition, the lower LUMO level of the MR (−3.27 eV) was expected to improve the electron injection. The EL devices [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PFR s/Ca (50 nm)/Al (100 nm)] showed a broad emission band, covering the entire visible region, with chromaticity coordinates of (0.36, 0.35) and (0.32, 0.30) for PFR1 and PFR2 devices, respectively. The emission color of the PFR2 device was very similar to that of a pure white light (0.33, 0.33); and the maximal brightness and current efficiency were 3011 cd/m 2 and 1.98 cd/A, respectively, which surpass those found for polyfluorene devices (1005 cd/m 2 , 0.28 cd/A). A). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3703–3713, 2008

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Low Back Pain and Sciatica: Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Nonoperative Treatment

Like a modern skyscraper, the human spine defies gravity and defines people as vertical bipeds. It forms the infrastructure of a biological machine that anchors the kinetic chain and transfers biomechanical forces into coordinated functional activities. Most commonly, diagnoses of acute painful spinal conditions are nonspecific, such as neck or back strain, although injuries may affect any of several pain-sensitive structures, which include the disk, facet joints, spinal musculature, and ligamentous support. The spinal lesion occurs when injury or disease adversely affects the capacity of the vertebral motion segment and its components, both contractile and noncontractile, to maintain normal function and manage normal biomechanical forces due to impending or actual tissue damage. When interviewing a patient with spinal pain, it is important to establish the portion of the pain that is axial relative to its distribution in the ipsilateral extremity.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bending-induced diminution of shape resonances in the core-level absorption region of hot CO<sub>2</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>O

We have measured the initial vibrational-state-specific, symmetry-resolved ion-yield spectra of CO2 and N2O in the shape resonance regions above the K-shell ionization thresholds. For both molecules, significant diminution of the shape resonances by bending excitation in the initial electronic ground state is observed. The measured ion-yield spectra are well reproduced by calculations employing the Schwinger variational principle. The observed changes in the spectra are seen to be due to a shift of the resonances to lower energy and an initial increase in width with bending.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
PO-0539 Preliminary Study: Is Gelsolin Possible An Early Diagnostic Biomarker For Neonatal Sepsis?

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Background and aims&lt;/st&gt; Gelsolin is an actin-binding plasma protein that has a protective role against tissue injuries. Studies of sepsis are shown that diminish of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) correlates with elevated circulating levels of actin and pGSN changes correlation with clinical improvement in septic patients. The aim of this study investigate pGSN’s importance in preterm infant with sepsis and related with mortality and morbidity. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; Thirty-one patients who were diagnosed with severe sepsis at neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled in sepsis group, twenty patients who were followed for prematurity were enrolled in control group. Plasma gelsolin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from whole blood samples. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Result&lt;/st&gt; The pGSN level at the time of diagnosis in the severe sepsis group was 33.98 ± 11.44 µg/ml, which was significantly lower than that of 20 nonseptic preterm neonates (60.05 ± 11.3 µg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and after treatment (53,38 ± 31.26 µg/ml, p = 0.003). Tollner scors in severe sepsis patients were 12.3 ± 4 and there were negatif correlation with gelsolin level. But, it did not detect correlation betwen postnatal age, gestational age, birth weight, gender and pGSN level in sepsis and control groups. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusion&lt;/st&gt; Plasma gelsolin may be a usable marker for severe sepsis. Recovery of decreased gelsolin levels correlated with clinical improvement. &lt;/sec&gt;

Topic: Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vibrational directionality in the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), is mediated by female song

We tested the hypothesis that male southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.), use substrate-borne songs to locate females. We recorded the responses of bugs on plants to the vibrations caused by a prerecorded female song and by an artificial sound. The female song caused males to walk, to respond with the calling and courtship songs and to approach the source of the song with characteristic search behaviour at junctions between branches on the plants. At a junction, a searching male stopped, stretched his legs and antennae and compared the vibratory signals on the two branches, with different combinations of legs and antennae. The males then left the junction and approached the source of the vibration. Males located the loudspeaker significantly more frequently in the presence than in the absence of vibratory stimuli on cyperus, Cyperus alternifolius L., and beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Vibrational directionality was also elicited by artificial pure tones whose spectral and temporal parameters were similar to those of natural female song. Females showed no reaction to vibratory stimulation and no vibrational directionality. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying vibrational directionality in the light of expected signal changes during transmission through plants. (C) 1999 The Association for the study of Animal Behaviour.

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rhodopin Incorporated into the &lt;i&gt;Allochromatium vinosum&lt;/i&gt; LH2 Complex Is Able to Generate Singlet Oxygen under Illumination

DPA membranes from Allochromatium vinosum cells, in which carotenoid biosynthesis was inhibited using diphenylamine (DPA) were obtained, into which rhodopin was incorporated. The LH2 complex with rhodopin content of 85% was isolated. Using a test for the thermal stability of LH2 complexes (DPA and with incorporated rhodopin), it was established that carotenoids of the early stages of biosynthesis (≤1 molecules per complex) did not interfere with rhodopin incorporation. It was found that when the LH2 complex with incorporated rhodopin was irradiated with light at the wavelength of 502 nm, BChl850 was photobleached at a rate close to that in the control LH2 complex. This indicates that rhodopin, after being incorporated into the DPA LH2 complex, is capable of generating singlet oxygen under illumination. Previously obtained data on heterogeneity of the carotenoid composition in DPA LH2 complexes (variation in the number of individual carotenoids molecules per complex in the general population) and our earlier suggestion about the structural role of carotenoids, namely, their ability to stabilize the LH2 complexes, were confirmed. Based on analysis of our results, as well as of the literature data, the interaction of singlet oxygen and carotenoids is discussed.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Peer-Led Online Community to Increase HIV Self-Testing Among African American and Latinx MSM: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: We sought to assess the effectiveness of using a peer-led online community to increase HIV self-testing among Latinx and African American men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Throughout 6 waves, between February 18, 2017, and January 8, 2021, 900 HIV negative and/or serostatus unknown Los Angeles–based MSM (68.9% Latinx, 16.0% African American, and 7.4% White) participated in an online 12-week HIV prevention randomized controlled trial. A total of 79 trained role models (peer leaders) were randomly assigned to participants within clusters to build trust and deliver HIV testing information on Facebook groups. Participants in control groups were assigned to groups without peer leaders. Participants were not required to respond to peer leaders or to remain group members. Participants completed self-report assessments at baseline and 12-week follow-up and could receive a free HIV self-testing kit during the study period. Results: Compared with control group participants, intervention group participants were significantly more likely to accept the offer for the HIV self-testing kit (intervention 130 of 450, 29%; control 102 of 450, 22.7%; odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.95, P = 0.03), report having taken an HIV self-test within the past 3 months (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 2.13, P = 0.04), and report drinking fewer glasses of alcohol in an average week ( P = 0.01). Effects seemed concentrated within later study waves. Study retention was greater than 93%. Conclusions: A peer-led online community seems to be an effective method of increasing HIV self-testing among MSM of color. We discuss the implications of the wave effects on public health research and policy.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Examining the Perspectives of Family Members Involved in the Delivery of Palliative Care at Home

This ethnographic study examined the social context of home-based palliative caregiving. Data were composed of observation field notes, interviews, and textual documents, and were analyzed using constant comparative methods. Findings show that home-based palliative caregiving resulted in life-enriching experiences for many caregivers. However, assumptions about dying at home and health care reforms resulted in some caregivers feeling “pressured” to provide home care, and consequently, left them feeling their obligations to care were exploited by the health care system. Shifts toward providing care closer to home not only changed caregivers, but also changed the home setting where palliative care was provided. Findings indicate a need for interventions designed to improve support for caregivers at home, and to explore how assumptions influence and sometimes drive the provision of home health care.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the Edge of the Holocaust: The Shoah in Latin American Literature and CultureEdna Aizenberg

As the last Holocaust perpetrators go to trial and the last survivors give their testimony, and despite Adorno's injunction against artistic representation of the Shoah, artists continue to create works dealing with the Nazis’ genocide. Historians and literary critics continue to discover unknown or misunderstood material, and to reconsider issues of our painful past. Professor Edna Aizenberg's latest book challenges the cliché that South America, and especially its Southern Cone, provided fertile ground for Nazi war criminals and their sympathizers. Aizenberg examines forgotten stories, little-studied manuscripts, diplomatic papers, newspaper accounts, letters, diaries, and other materials to show how Argentines Jorge Luis Borges and Alberto Gerchunoff, Brazilians João Guimarães Rosa and Clarice Lispector, and the Chilean Gabriela Mistral, not only spoke out against Nazi Germany in ways that were “overt and covert” (p. x), but paved a way to “represent” the Holocaust. Despite Axis sympathies among Southern Cone governments during World War II, Aizenberg reveals that some writers dared to speak out. Moreover, she asserts, literati among the diplomatic corps disobeyed their own governments to help Jews obtain visas to escape Europe when doors around the world were closed to them. Aizenberg reads works by five Latin America writers through the lens of the Shoah.

Topic: Borges, Kipling, and Jewish Identity
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic Background of the Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Phenotypes in Hungary (P5.049)

Objective: to determine the frequency of different SPG mutations in Hungarian patients, and to provide further genotype-phenotype correlations for the known HSP causing genes.
Background:Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness.
Design/Methods: we carried out genetic testing for 62 cases with clinical characteristics of HSP. For historical reasons, three different approaches were followed in different patients: 1) Sanger sequencing of ATL1 and SPAST genes, 2) whole exome, and 3) targeted panel sequencing by next generation sequencing.
Results:genetic diagnosis was established for 26 patients (42[percnt]). The most frequently affected gene was SPAST. The second most frequent cause of HSPs was the p.Leu78* mutation in SPG7. Additional mutations were detected in SPG11, ATL1, NIPA1, and ABCD1.
Conclusions: this is the first genetic epidemiological study of patients with HSP in Hungary. Next generation sequencing improved the yield of genetic diagnostics in this disease group even when the phenotype was atypical. However, considering the frequency of the HSP-causing gene defects, SPG4, the most common form of the disease, should be tested first to be cost effective in this economic region. Disclosure: Dr. Molnar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balicza has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grosz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bencsik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pentelenyi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Varga has nothing to disclose. Dr. Klivenyi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zuchner has received license fee payments from Athena Diagnostics.

Topic: Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Papillary thyroid carcinoma, a diagnostic approach in fine needle aspiration: Review of literature

Background: Despite well-defined cytology features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in fine needle aspiration (FNA), diagnostic difficulties do exist while making decision in respect to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases. Aims: The aim of this study is to clarify diagnostic significance of various cytology features of PTC and to identify possible diagnostic pitfalls. Materials and Methods: FNA cytology (FNAC) features and clinical findings of 17 PTC cases diagnosed on histology were retrieved. A retrospective review of these cases was performed. Results: The frequency and number of papillary formations, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (INCI), and nuclear grooves (NG) was more in PTC cases as compared to suggestive/suspicious of (S/O) and rule out (R/O) PTC cases. Cyst macrophages forming clusters were seen in six cases. Multinucleated giant cells (MGC) were seen in seven cases. Large MGC with dense cytoplasm and more nuclei were seen in four PTC and one S/O PTC cases. Conclusion: FNAC features of PTC in FNA smears are neither constant nor specific. All the cytology features of PTC should be reported in proper context which allows endocrine specialist to treat and urgent histological verification.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Curcumin Decreases Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Nitro-Oxidative Damage to Plasma Proteins and Lipids Caused by Short-Term Exposure to Ozone

Neurodegeneration is the consequence of harmful events affecting the nervous system that lead to neuronal death. Toxic substances, including air pollutants, are capable of inducing neurodegeneration. Ozone (O3) is the most oxidative toxic pollutant. O3 reacts with cellular components and forms reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, triggering nitro-oxidative damage during short-term exposure. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural phenolic molecule bearing well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities in diverse experimental models. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of preventive dietary administration of CUR against hippocampal neurodegeneration and nitro-oxidative damage caused by short-term exposure to O3. Eighty Wistar male rats were distributed into four experimental groups, twenty rats each: intact control; CUR dietary supplementation without O3 exposure; exposure to 0.7 ppm of O3; and exposed to O3 with CUR dietary supplementation. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h of exposure. The CUR dose was 5.6 mg/kg and adjusted according to food consumption. CUR significantly decreased oxidative damage to plasma lipids and proteins, as well as neurodegeneration in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. Concluding, CUR proved effective protection in decreasing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and prevented systemic oxidative damage.

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences