jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by‐products and active food packaging

ABSTRACT Nowadays, there is increasing interest in natural antioxidants from food by‐products. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and one of the major carotenoids in crustaceans and salmonids. An ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp by‐products, and its migration from new packaging materials to food simulants was also studied. The method uses an UPLC® BEH guard‐column (2.1 × 5 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) and an UPLC® BEH analytical column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm particle size). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) acetonitrile–methanol (containing 0.05 m ammonium acetate)–dichloromethane (75:20:5, v/v/v) and (B) ultrapure water. This method was evaluated with respect to validation parameters such as linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and recovery. Low‐density polyethylene films were prepared with different amounts of the lipid fraction of fermented shrimp waste by extrusion, and migration was evaluated into food simulants (isooctane and ethanol 95%, v/v). Migration was not detected under the tested conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluating the Quality of Longitudinal Statistical Applications in Original Publications on Alzheimer’s Disease

&lt;i&gt;Background/Aims:&lt;/i&gt; To evaluate the quality of longitudinal statistical applications in published studies on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A 21-item instrument, the Quality of Longitudinal AD Studies (QLADS), was developed by the research team (4 biostatisticians, 1 neuroepidemiologist, and 1 neurologist). All items were extensively discussed within the team for content validity. After pilot testing on 5 publications, the instrument was revised and tested for reliability with a sample of 40 published longitudinal AD studies randomly sampled from MEDLINE. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Item-specific test-retest reliability coefficients for QLADS ranged from 0.53 to 1.00 with the associated standard error (SE) ranging from 0.02 to 0.13. The test-retest reliability for the overall score over the 21 items was high (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97). Item-specific inter-rater reliability coefficients for QLADS ranged from 0.46 to 1.00 with the associated SE ranging from 0.07 to 0.18. The inter-rater reliability for the overall score was also high (ICC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.77, 0.93). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This study indicates that the quality of longitudinal statistical applications in AD publications can be reliably assessed.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating Conceptual Mediation in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition Using False Memories

This study examines the process of associating an English word with a concept by two proficiency groups of Korean (L1) learners of English (L2) in the framework of a well-known developmental model of the lexicon, the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM) (Kroll & Stewart, 1994). The technique used in the present study in testing the RHM and its assumption regarding the structure of L2 lexicon was the false memory paradigm. False memory occurs when a learner recalls a word that was not presented in a list of words. Results from 104 Korean learners of English of recall test and recognition test using lists of words showed that individuals are more susceptible to false memories in their L1 than in their L2 and that more proficient L2 learners exhibit more false memories both in their L1 and in their L2 than do less proficient learners. The results of the recognition test were similar to those of recall test. The theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings will be discussed in terms of L2 mental lexicon and vocabulary teaching and learning in the classroom.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Intensive care unit utilization during pregnancy

Objective: To characterize obstetric (OB) and nonobstetric (Non-OB) intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in relation to maternal and perinatal outcomes. Study design: We identified 172 (0.6%) women (15 weeks of gestation to 6 weeks postpartum) admitted to an ICU (medical, cardiovascular, neurosurgical, and surgical) within 30,405 deliveries at our institution from 1989 to 1997 (2,774 maternal-fetal transports, 6.3%). Obstetric and Non-OB admission outcomes were compared. Results: Of 172 patients, 116 (67%) were maternal transports (63 maternal-fetal, 53 maternal). Common OB conditions were hypertension (22, 12.6%), hemorrhage (17, 9.7%), and cardiopulmonary dysfunction (28, 16%). Non-OB conditions included pneumonia (26, 14.9%), trauma (16, 9.1%), and cerebrovascular accident (11, 6.2%). Conclusions: Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between OB and Non-OB ICU admissions. Maternal mortality was appreciable (13%); however, the perinatal mortality of infants delivered in the ICU was low (11%). Selected outcomesOB (N = 92)Non-OB (N = 83)MaternalICU, days (mean ± SD)6.2 ± 11.013.3 ± 32.7Mechanical ventilation (N, %)55 (60)48 (58)Dialysis (N, %)5 (0.5)4 (0.5)Transfusion (N, %)62 (67)48 (58)Maternal death (N, %)12 (13)11 (13)PerinatalICU antepartum (N, %)13 (14)42 (53)Fetus alive (N)1336Admit GA (mean ± SD)26.7 ± 7.026.2 ± 5.9ICU delivery (N)5/1313/36Fetal mortality (N)11Neonatal mortality (N)00Discharged undelivered (N)823

Topic: Maternal and fetal healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Length-to-weight and length-to-length relations of 15 freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Oujiang River, China

Length-to-weight and length-to-length relations were estimated for 15 freshwater fishes belonging to the order Cypriniformes from Yuxi power station to Kaitan reservoir dam trunk stream of the Oujiang River, Zhejiang Province, China. The following species were studied: Distoechodon tumirostris Peters, 1881, Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871, Plagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker, 1871), Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas, 1776), Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871, Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855), Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855, Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871), Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873, Zacco platypus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846), Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868), Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855), Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900), Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868, and Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage et Dabry de Thiersant, 1874). The determination coefficients r 2 of LWRs were all over 0.96, and the 15 values of parameter b were consistent with the predicted range of 2.5–3.5. The total length-to-standard length relations were also calculated with r 2 ≥ 0.97. Our study provides new information on LWR for 1 species and LLRs for 8 species, as well as new maximum total length recorded for 4 species (i.e., Distoechodon tumirostris , Opsariichthys bidens , Pseudohemiculter hainanensis , and Rhodeus sinensis ) in FishBase. This study is expected to provide a useful baseline for further studies of population parameters to improve management decisions on the Oujiang River.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Imaging and Mapping Heparin-Binding Sites on Single Fibronectin Molecules with Atomic Force Microscopy

Fibronectin is composed of multiple homologous repeats and contains many functional domains. Two major heparin-binding domains have previously been identified: the Hep I site near the amino terminus and the Hep II site near the carboxyl terminus. The Hep II site has been considered the high-affinity heparin-binding site based on studies of fibronectin fragments. However, few studies have been carried out on heparin binding by intact fibronectin. We imaged single fibronectin molecules as well as heparin-coated gold particles bound to whole dimeric plasma fibronectin molecules with tapping mode atomic force microscopy. We observed heparin-gold particles preferentially bound at two locations that correspond to the Hep I and Hep II sites. Quantitative analysis of images of individual fibronectin-heparin-gold complexes showed that almost twice as many heparin-gold particles bound to the N-terminal Hep I site compared to the Hep II site. In contrast to previous findings with fibronectin fragments, these results suggest that the Hep I site has a binding affinity higher than or comparable to the Hep II site in the intact fibronectin molecule.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cultivating collaborative improvement: an action learning approach

The process of implementing collaborative initiatives across disparate members of supply networks is fraught with difficulties. One approach designed to tackle the difficulties of organisational change and interorganisational improvement in practice is 'action learning'. This paper examines the experiential lessons that arise when cultivating collaborative improvement in an interorganisational learning environment. The authors, acting as action researchers, facilitated a practical learning program in an Extended Manufacturing Enterprise (EME). Based on this experience, a practical learning model is offered to promote and facilitate interorganisational change as part of a collaborative improvement process.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Second-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cytotoxic agents or tyrosine kinase inhibitors? Our experience.

e18063 Background: Despite a number of effective first-line regimens, virtually all patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC will relapse. A second line therapy with docetaxel or pemetrexed, according to tumour histotype, represents the standard treatment for pts with a good performance status (PS). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for pre-treated NSCLC pts have added a valid option in this setting. Methods: We have analyzed outcome data of 85 NSCLC pts (table), who received after a platinum-based chemotherapy, a second-line therapy with docetaxel, pemetrexed, erlotinib or gefitinib (expanded access program), in order to assess and compare their efficacy and tolerability in this setting. Results: As regards chemotherapy, pemetrexed was superior to docetaxel in all measures (RR 45% vs 5 %, TTP 5.5 vs 4.5 months, median survival 13.8 vs 9.9 months), but only RR was statistically significant (p=0.003). Gefitinib obtained a better TTP and OS than erlotinib, although the differences were not statistically significant (7.9 vs 7.6 months; 15.4 vs 13.3 months respectively). But, RR was more relevant for erlotinib (29.2% vs 15% (p=0.2), even if an increased number of disease stabilization was recorded for gefitinib (65% vs 29.1%). Significant differences were observed in RR between pemetrexed and gefitinib (p=0.03) and erlotinib and docetaxel (p=0.03). All toxicities recorded were manageable. Conclusions: In our study, TKIs, above all gefitinib, seem to be a favourable choice for second line treatment, obtaining good response rates, with important stabilizations of disease and a relevant median survival, not strictly related to the histotype. Neverthless, for non squamous pts pemetrexed remains an important therapeutic choice. Patients characteristics. Docetaxel (21 pts) Pemetrexed (20 pts) Erlotinib (24 pts) Gefitinib (20 pts) Male/female 18/3 15/5 14/10 15/5 Median age 64.2 (50-78) 61.4 (46-79) 63.1 (42-80) 70.8 (54-81) PS0/PS1/PS2 9/10/2 10/9/1 9/11/4 7/9/4 Squamous Adenocarcinoma Others 12 1 8 1 16 3 11 12 1 9 7 4 Stage (IIIB/IV) 11/10 5/15 2/22 5/15 Third line therapy 11 10 8 8

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis and Restraining of Eddy Current Damping Effects in Rotary Voice Coil Actuators

Rotary voice coil actuators (RVCAs) have been widely used for precision motion control applications and have drawn more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the eddy current damping effects of RVCAs of both dual and single magnetic circuit types are studied, the electromotive forces in rotor frame arms of the RVCAs are analyzed and verified by FEM calculation, then corresponding restraining measures are proposed. Especially, influencing factors of magnetic field margin effect and influence of magnetic field structure on the margin effect are analyzed in detail, which are the unique problems in RVCAs. The research results are good references for practical engineering applications of this type of motor.

Topic: Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proteomic analysis of the SMN complex reveals conserved and etiologic connections to the proteostasis network

Introduction Molecular chaperones and co-chaperones are highly conserved cellular components that perform a variety of duties related to the proper three-dimensional folding of the proteome. The web of factors that carries out this essential task is called the proteostasis network (PN). Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) represent an underexplored area in terms of the connections they make with the PN. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complex is an assembly chaperone and serves as a paradigm for studying how specific RNAs are identified and paired with their client substrate proteins to form RNPs. SMN is the eponymous component of a large complex, required for the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U-snRNPs), that localizes to distinct membraneless organelles in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of animal cells. SMN protein forms the oligomeric core of this complex, and missense mutations in the human SMN1 gene are known to cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The basic framework for understanding how snRNAs are assembled into U-snRNPs is known. However, the pathways and mechanisms used by cells to regulate their biogenesis are poorly understood. Methods Given the importance of these processes to normal development as well as neurodegenerative disease, we set out to identify and characterize novel SMN binding partners. We carried out affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of Drosophila SMN complexes using fly lines exclusively expressing either wildtype or SMA-causing missense alleles. Results Bioinformatic analyses of the pulldown data, along with comparisons to proximity labeling studies carried out in human cells, revealed conserved connections to at least two other major chaperone systems including heat shock folding chaperones (HSPs) and histone/nucleosome assembly chaperones. Notably, we found that heat shock cognate protein Hsc70-4 and other HspA family members preferentially associated with SMA-causing alleles of SMN. Discussion Hsc70-4 is particularly interesting because its mRNA is aberrantly sequestered by a mutant form of TDP-43 in mouse and Drosophila ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) disease models. Most important, a missense allele of Hsc70-4 (HspA8 in mammals) was recently identified as a bypass suppressor of the SMA phenotype in mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that chaperone-related dysfunction lies at the etiological root of both ALS and SMA.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Detection method of electromagnetic analysis attacks based on change in amplitude of noise around integrated circuits

Electromagnetic analysis (EMA) attacks are a type of side-channel attacks that can be performed without opening or modifying a cryptographic module. In this study, we propose a detection method for the measurement of side-channel information, which is performed at the preliminary stage of the analysis of the target device as a countermeasure against EMA attacks performed near integrated circuits (ICs) with cryptographic modules. The presence of an electromagnetic (EM) field probe is detected by analyzing the sampling background noise around the IC using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside the IC and by observing any changes in the EM environment. The proposed method can effectively detect a probe placed 5 cm from the IC package.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Colloid oncotic pressure and levels of albumin and total protein during major surgical procedures.

From the results of this study, it appears that whole blood alone or red blood cells reconstituted with saline solution do not adequately replace the loss of albumin and concomitant decrease in colloid oncotic pressure that occur during extensive intraabdominal and intrathoracic operations. Since colloid oncotic pressure is a major factor in the restitution of intravascular volume from stores of interstitial fluid and since it may also play a role in the development of postoperative pulmonary problems, it is important to maintain a relatively normal colloid oncotic pressure during the operation and in the immediate postoperative period. Although dextran can be used for this purpose, its short half-life of four to six hours and associated coagulation problems militate against its use in large quantities. This leaves purified protein fraction or salt-poor albumin as the main sources of protein for the maintenance of colloid oncotic pressure. Both of these products are expensive and short in supply. The oncometer in present use is a clinically feasible and rapid, one to three minutes, means of determining the colloid oncotic pressure. It permits a rational approach to the use of albumin products, avoiding the pitfalls of under or excess administration in the operative and postoperative periods.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CD303 (BDCA-2) – a potential novel target for therapy in hematologic malignancies

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) serve as immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells that play a role in various inflammatory, viral, and malignant conditions. Malignant proliferation of pDCs is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain hematologic cancers, specifically blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) and acute myelogenous leukemia with clonal expansion of pDC (pDC-AML). In recent years, BPDCN and pDC-AML have been successfully treated with targeted therapy of pDC-specific surface marker, CD123. However, relapsed and refractory BPDCN remains an elusive cancer, with limited therapeutic options. CD303 is another specific surface marker of human pDCs, centrally involved in antigen presentation and immune tolerance. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD303 have been studied in preclinical models and have achieved disease control in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We performed a comprehensive review of benign and malignant disorders in which CD303 have been studied, as there may be a potential future CD303-directed therapy for many of these conditions.

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
De las ciencias del comportamiento a los saberes psi: ¿un cambio de concepción histórica?

Behavioural sciences are increasingly present in our contemporary world. Broadly speaking, they can be defined as a transdisciplinary field that studies behaviour, both human and animal, from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Among the disciplines that make up this transdisciplinary field are psychology, psychobiology, neurosciences, anthropology, sociology and ethology, among others. The Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento has published since its origins a good representation of the studies that are included thematically within the spectrum of behavioral sciences, although of course, it does not cover them completely. (Ed. Note: The first paragraph is included as an abstract).

Topic: Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Applications of fuzzy similarity index method in processing of hypnosis

The brain is a highly complex system. Under-standing the behavior and dynamics of billions of interconnected neurons from the brain signal requires knowledge of several signal- process-ing techniques, from the linear and non-linear domains. The analysis of EEG signals plays an important role in a wide range of applications, such as psychotropic drug research, sleep studies, seizure detection and hypnosis proc-essing. In this paper we accomplish to analyze and explore the nature of hypnosis in Right, Left, Back and Frontal hemisphere in 3 groups of hypnotizable subjects by means of Fuzzy Simi-larity Index method.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Market Risk Disclosures

This chapter describes market risk disclosures and illustrates their critical importance in applying that schema. It provides an overview of the salient features of Financial Reporting Release (FRR) No. 48's (1997) disclosure requirements and their usefulness in understanding how financial institutions use derivatives for hedging or speculative purposes. The chapter then discusses the three main approaches among which firms may choose to disclose their market risk: the tabular format, the sensitivity approach, and the Value-at-Risk (VaR) approach. For each of these disclosure approaches, the strengths and weaknesses are explained, and analyses based on actual disclosures by Golden West Financial, Countrywide Financial, and JPMorgan Chase are conducted. The chapter compares the three disclosure approaches. It uses SunTrust Banks' market risk and other disclosures to analyze the effect of its derivatives used for hedging purposes on its market risk. Recent empirical research on the usefulness of FRR No. 48's (1997) market risk disclosures is also summarized.

Topic: Risk Management in Financial Firms
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Policy interventions for technological innovation in developing countries

This paper assesses the potential social pay off of alternative measures that might be taken to promote innovation in LDCs. It is mainly concerned with the general issues of encouraging technical innovation in the nonagricultural sectors. However, it also is focused on the more particular but important question of how to generate innovations that lead to new techniques of production which are better suited than existing ones to the social objectives of employment and greater equality in the distribution of income. Part 1 discusses the process of innovation and describes the skills associated with it. Part 2 sets forth some of the special problems that developing economies encounter in building up innovative skills. Part 3 draws together some of the main implications for policy and explains how priorities for the development of local innovative activities might be determined. Part 4 analyzes the patterns of innovative activity that might be needed in developing economies. Part 5 summarizes the main conclusions and suggests some of the implications of adopting an approach that stems from these conclusions.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences