jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stimulus Dependence in Mirror Neuron Systems

This study examined how stimuli content (emotionally expressive face and body images) influenced the location of mirror neuron activity as indexed by EEG mu-wave suppression. Participants completed an emotion-identification task in which they viewed black and white images of bodies and faces and identified them as displaying either fear or anger while their brain activity was recorded with EEG. This study predicted that emotional face stimuli would produce mu-wave suppression in posterior areas of the brain while expressive gestural-based body stimuli would produce suppression in the more central areas of the brain. EEG analysis indicated that both face and body stimuli induced significant mu-wave suppression, but face and body stimuli did not differ in amount of mu-wave suppression across regions of interest.\nKeywords: mirror neurons, electroencephalography, faces, bodies

Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Lectin, Galactoside-Binding Soluble 3 Binding Protein Promotes 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin Resistance through PI3K/Akt Pathway in Lung Cancer Cell Line

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizing oncoproteins has been an attractive target in cancer therapy. 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an HSP90 inhibitor, was tested in phase II/III clinical trials, but due to lack of efficacy, clinical evaluation of 17-AAG has achieved limited success, which led to resistance to 17-AAG. However, the mechanism of 17-AAG resistance has not clearly been identified. Here, we identified LGALS3BP (Lectin, galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein), a secretory glycoprotein, as a 17-AAG resistance factor. In the clinical reports, it was suggested that LGALS3BP was associated with low survival rate, development of cancer progression, and enhancement of metastasis in human cancers. As we confirmed that the LGALS3BP level was increased in 17-AAG–resistant cells (H1299_17R) compared with that of the parental cell line (H1299_17P), knockdown of LGALS3BP expression increased sensitivity to 17-AAG in H1299_17R cells. Overexpression of LGALS3BP also augmented PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we determined that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in LGALS3BP-mediated 17-AAG resistance &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, demonstrating that LGALS3BP mediates the resistance against 17-AAG through PI3K/Akt activation rather than ERK activation. These findings suggest that LGALS3BP would be a target to overcome resistance to 17-AAG in lung cancer. For example, the combination of 17-AAG and PI3K/Akt inhibitor would effectively suppress acquired resistance to 17-AAG. In conclusion, targeting of LGALS3BP-mediated–specific survival signaling pathway in resistant cells may provide a novel therapeutic model for the cancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1355–65. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Table S5 from The Phenotypes of Proliferating Glioblastoma Cells Reside on a Single Axis of Variation

&lt;p&gt;Table S5: ScATAC-seq cluster-specific gene-body activities and pair-wise inter-cluster differentially enriched transcription-factor motifs.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prognostic disclosure in cancer care: a systematic literature review

Background: Collusion in cancer care is the diplomatic concealment of information between a triad of the health care professional (HCP), patient, and caregiver. Free and expressive communication is determined by multiple factors, which establishes a healthy balance between ‘patient-centric’ and ‘family-centric’ decision making. The lack of a universal approach to prognostic disclosure techniques emphasizes the need for a systematic review of contemporary practice. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted till June 2020 using themes based on cancer, communication, prognostic disclosure, and collusion by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Fifty-three studies involving 10,569 subjects were studied for their utility on prognostic disclosure using different communication methods and interfaces. Twenty-three studies used a face-to-face interview with subjects while in-person telephonic interviews were conducted in two studies, 16 studies implicated semi-structured questionnaires, and 6 studies mentioned the development of a new technique/tool for disclosure. The duration of a session for prognosis-disclosure ranged from 22 min to 1 h. The involvement of palliative care specialists and mental health professionals was limited during the disclosure of the prognosis. Conclusion: The findings of the review indicate that patients in cancer care are aware of their diagnosis and to a certain extent of prognosis despite nondisclosure by their family members and treating teams. This review emphasizes the assessment of ‘disclosure wishes’ among patients and caregivers in separate interviews rather than simply relying on one specific method of interviewing. The nonconfrontational approach and training among HCPs are of utmost importance to build therapeutic resilience among the treating team involved in cancer care. Since many factors such as family wishes, cultural dissonance, medical model, and patient perception could become barriers to prognostic disclosure, there is a need to develop a universal approach to prognostic disclosure and handling associated collusion.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feline Infectious Respiratory Disease

Feline infectious respiratory disease (URTD) is a very common cause of illness in US shelters, threatening the health and adoptability of individual cats and the entire feline population. Most URTD pathogens are associated with a similar array of clinical signs, including serous to mucopurulent ocular and/or nasal discharge, photophobia, sneezing, fever, inappetence or anorexia and submandibular lymphadenopathy. The main mode of transmission for all the major feline respiratory pathogens is by direct contact with infected cats that are actively shedding. The type of population being cared for, the housing environment, level of population density, length of stay (LOS) and other management practices can make important differences in the patterns of feline URTD pathogens that are likely to dominate. Antiviral drugs for feline URTD are directed against feline herpesvirus. LOS is frequently reported as the single greatest risk factor for URTD in shelter cats.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
SHORELINE CLEANUP AND WASTE DISPOSAL ISSUES DURING THE SEA EMPRESS INCIDENT

When the Sea Empress ran aground at the entrance to Milford Haven at 2007 hours on Thursday, February 15, 1996, she lost a total of 72,000 tons of crude oil over a period of 7 days. Another paper in this session gives an overview of the incident and describes the response at sea. This paper describes the shoreline cleanup operation as it was directed by the joint response center (JRC) set up at Milford Haven.

Topic: Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of 3-[3-Phenylpyrazylazo]-2, 7-naphthalendiol as new chromogenic reagent for the determination of Nickel (II) in nails of human.

The procedure was found to be convenient for the routine analysis of trace amount of Nickel (II) in aqueous media. The method is based on the formation of a 1:2 complex with 3-(3-phenylpyrazylazo)2,7-naphthalendiol (3PPAN) as a new reagent is advanced. The complex has a maximum absorption at 501 nm and e max of 4x10 4 L. mol-1. cm-1 A linear correlation (2.5 –20. 0 µg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at ? max and concentration. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of Nickel (II) were tested. The results obtained are both precise (RSD was 2.50%) and accurate (relative error was 2.50 %). The effect of diverse ions on the determination of Nickel (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was 0.41X10 10 L. mol-1. The method was successfully utilized to the limitation of Ni (II) ion in analytical and nails samples

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Subfield: Bioengineering
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 5: of Pathogenic functions of host microbiota

Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of genes encoding three pathofunctions, namely, the formation of (i) trimethylamine (cutCD, cntAB, grdH), (ii) the secondary bile acids lithocholic/deoxycholic acid (baiA-I) and (iii) hydrogen sulfide (dsrAB) in 78 healthy male adults sampled at four time points [53]. Top panels display pathofunction abundance (A) and expression (B) considering all samples. Results of individual taxa are shown in the panels below (C, D), where relative abundances, i.e., percentage of each taxon from total pathofunction abundance/expression data, are shown. Panels E and F display temporal variability of both levels where $ indicates significant higher variability (p

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Can Data from One Medical Center be Enough to Generalize Lung Ultrasound Pattern Classification? A Multi-Center Domain Generalization Study

Domain shift refers to change of data distribution between training and testing datasets. In case of medical imaging, domain shift is extensive, specifically for multi-center studies. Different medical centers may use different scanners, imaging protocols, subject populations, etc. To mitigate this effect, domain generalization (DG) has been used over the time. In this regard, our focus is to analyze if a pre-trained model can generalize lung ultrasound (LUS) pattern classification among pneumonia patients. Furthermore, if LUS data from one medical center is enough to generalize classification task across different medical centers. Investigated LUS patterns include horizontal artifacts, vertical artifacts, and small to large consolidations. As a proof of concept, data from medical center in Brescia (Italy) is used as source dataset whereas data from medical center in Rome (Italy) is considered as target dataset. ResNet-18 model (pre-trained on ImageNet dataset) is employed. The pre-trained model is trained on the source dataset with transfer learning using linear probing (LP) and linear probing with fine-tuning (LP-FT) approach. Results show that the pre-trained model can generalize much better over the target dataset when it undergoes LP-FT rather than only LP, achieving a mean F1-Score of 63.08%. These findings encourage the use of pre-trained models to generalize across different medical centers for LUS data analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that one medical center as the source dataset may be enough to generalize across other medical centers with state-of-the-art comparable performance for LUS pattern classification.

Topic: Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measurement of the t t-bar Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at 7 TeV in Lepton + Jets Events Using b-quark Jet Identification

A new measurement of the inclusive production cross section for pp to t t-bar is performed at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns, and is based on the final state with one isolated, high transverse momentum muon or electron, missing transverse energy, and hadronic jets. The ttbar content of the selected events is enhanced by requiring the presence of at least one jet consistent with b-quark hadronization. The measured cross section is 150 +/- 9 (stat.) +/- 17 syst.) +/- 6 (lumi.) pb and is in agreement with higher-order QCD calculations. The combination of this measurement with a previous CMS result based on dileptons gives 154 +/- 17 (stat.+syst.) +/- 6 (lumi.) pb.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electronic Structure and Magnetic Anisotropy of Single-Layer Rare-Earth Oxybromide

The discovery of intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) limit has triggered increasing investigations in layered magnetic materials. However, most of the available candidates involves 3d transition metals, while the layered rare-earth magnetic materials are largely unexplored at present. Here, we proposed a series of 2D rare-earth magnetic semiconductors REOBr (RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) with large magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropy energies using the PBE + <i>U</i> method. Our calculations indicate a half-metallic meta-stable state and a low-energy semi-conducting ground state in these 4f single-layers, which can be characterized by the location of the two-fold degenerate <i>x</i>(<i>x</i> <sup>2</sup> - 3<i>y</i> <sup>2</sup>) orbital. The dynamical stability of single-layer REOBr is further confirmed using phonon dispersions. The predicted energy gaps ranging from 2.47 to 4.26 eV decrease with the atomic number of the rare-earth element. Meanwhile, very large spin moments and orbital moments up to 6.018 and 2.872 μ<sub>B</sub> are found, which seem to be insensitive to the magnetic state. Furthermore, the magnetic anisotropy energies are evaluated and understood by a fourth-order non-uniaxial anisotropy mode. Diverse anisotropy energy landscapes including easy cone, easy plane, and easy axis are found, and an extremely high magnetic anisotropy energy of about 8 meV per RE atom is found in the single-layer DyOBr. Our investigations provide a unique insight into layered rare-earth magnetic materials and suggest the single-layer REOBr as competing candidates for low-dimensional data storage applications.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chlorogenic acid‐mediated chemical defence of plants against insect herbivores

Abstract Chlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant beneficial polyphenols in plants and is well known as a nutritional antioxidant in plant‐based foods. Apart from its dietary antioxidant activity, it has been proved to be an efficient defence molecule against a broad range of insect herbivores. In the last two decades, several reports have shown the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in insect growth deterrence. The pathway for chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in plants was previously elucidated, and metabolic engineering of the principal pathway showed high chlorogenic acid production in tomato plants. Herbivore‐mediated induction of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis was also demonstrated both at metabolite and transcript level, although herbivore‐mediated molecular regulation of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis is not yet fully elucidated. In this communication, we present our views on the efficacy of chlorogenic acid as an anti‐herbivore defence molecule in plants and also discuss its future outlook.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Are the Traditional Curricula Dispensable? A Feature Pattern to Compare Different Types of Curriculum and a Critical View of Educational Standards and Essential Curricula in Germany

The results of international school achievement studies had major educational implications in many European countries, especially for the control concepts of education. This becomes exemplarily apparent in Germany, in which a large-scale educational reform was set in motion. Thereby, the education system was set from an input- to output-oriented control. Part of this reform involved the adoption of new curriculum types. A striking feature of this enactment was, among other things, that while it initiated studies of school curricula, it was shown at the same time that there are currently no established sophisticated theoretical tools for analysis of curricula — neither in Europe in general nor in Germany in particular. In this article, therefore, a curriculum-theoretical instrument is presented, which allows a systematic analysis of the structure of curricula. This instrument was developed based on German curricula, which are taken as examples. There should be generalisable impetus for European curriculum research.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Anticheta (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Mexico

FIGURE 2. Lateral habitus, Anticheta patzcuaroensis sp. n., male holotype [CUIC#000055255]. Vista lateral del habitus, Anticheta patzcuaroensis sp. n., holotipo macho [CUIC#000055255].

Topic: COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on the reticuloendothelial system of the dogfish <i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i>. Endocytic activity of fixed cells in the spleen and liver

The role of the spleen and liver of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, in the clearance of a range of materials, including colloidal carbon, latex beads, sheep red blood cells, bacteria, and dextran, was examined. The spleen was particularly important in the clearance process. Smaller particulates, such as carbon, were sequestered by the highly endocytic macrophages of the ellipsoids, while larger particles, for example, bacteria and sheep red blood cells, were mainly taken up by the fixed macrophages of the red pulp. An increase in the numbers of the eosinophilic G1 granulocytes in the red pulp of the spleen was observed following injection of the particulates. In the liver, fixed cells, probably homologous to mammalian Kupffer cells, were involved in clearance and participated in endocytosis of carbon and latex. Additionally, all of the injected particulates were internalized by cells (frequently seen to also contain melanin granules) lying within nonsinusoidal blood vessels in the hepatic parenchyma. Often, but especially in fish injected with bacteria, these phagocytic cells appeared trapped along with free bacteria, within large clumps of circulatory blood cells in the vessels. The presence of the injected materials in the spleen and liver was evident at 30 min and increased up to 1 week. The ultimate localization and differential uptake of the injected materials, and the relative importance of the spleen and liver in the clearance of these materials are discussed.

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Active Perception with Initial-State Uncertainty: A Policy Gradient Method

This paper studies the synthesis of an active perception policy that maximizes the information leakage of the initial state in a stochastic system modeled as a hidden Markov model (HMM). Specifically, the emission function of the HMM is controllable with a set of perception or sensor query actions. Given the goal is to infer the initial state from partial observations in the HMM, we use Shannon conditional entropy as the planning objective and develop a novel policy gradient method with convergence guarantees. By leveraging a variant of observable operators in HMMs, we prove several important properties of the gradient of the conditional entropy with respect to the policy parameters, which allow efficient computation of the policy gradient and stable and fast convergence. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution by applying it to an inference problem in a stochastic grid world environment.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exercise for the compulsive exercisers? An exploratory study in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether exercise produced acute psychological benefits for adolescent inpatients receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). Specifically, the study examined whether a supervised inpatient exercise programme resulted in negative or positive affective changes over time, and if the participant’s reported level of compulsive exercise influenced such changes. Method: Forty-seven adolescent female inpatients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of AN completed a measure of compulsive exercise at admission to an eating-disorder inpatient programme. Participants routinely attended physiotherapy sessions (exercise condition) and school lessons (school condition) throughout their admission, and completed visual analogue scales assessing anxious, depressed, and positive affect immediately prior to and after both conditions. Results: Participants reported a significant decrease in anxious and depressed affect, and an increase in positive affect after the exercise condition compared to the school condition. Participants with higher levels of compulsive exercise features reported significantly greater decreases in anxious affect following exercise. Discussion: The current study provides promising results in terms of the acute psychological benefits supervised exercise can offer adolescent inpatients with AN. Research and clinical efforts are required to develop standardised treatment guidelines for exercise programmes and the management of compulsive exercise in this population during active treatment.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Leaf Area Indices and Nitrogen Uptake of Flue‐Cured Tobacco as Affected by Plant Density and Nitrogen Rate<sup>1</sup>

Abstract Effects of three plant densities and two nitrogen rates on leaf areas and nitrogen uptake by tobacco plants were studied during 1961 and 1962. A study was also made on the economics of these treatments. Leaf area indices (LAI's) for both years increased with time until the reduction in total leaf area through loss of senescent lower leaves became greater than the gain in leaf area of the active upper leaves. The highest maximum LAI of 5 in 1961 was obtained for the high nitrogen rate and the 25‐cm spacing. The lowest maximum LAI of 2.5 was obtained for the low nitrogen rate and the 76‐cm spacing. LAI's increased with high nitrogen and at both levels of nitrogen the LAI's were in the order of 25 &gt; 51 &gt; 76‐cm spacings in 122‐cm beds. Relationships between leaf area and leaf weight per plant were very similar during 1961 and 1962. Correlation coefficients for leaf areas and weights varied from 0.95 to 0.99 in 1961 and from 0.92 to 0.99 in 1962. In both years, better correlation appeared between leaf areas and weights at the high nitrogen rate than at the low nitrogen rate, with spacing treatments having little effect on the relationships. Nitrogen uptake was much higher with the high nitrogen treatment than with the low nitrogen treatment. The yield of flue‐cured tobacco increased with closer plant spacing and the higher nitrogen rate. However, leaf quality decreased with the high nitrogen rate and offset the higher yields in total dollar value per hectare. The quality of tobacco appeared to be influenced more by the nitrogen application than by the different plant spacings~ The most profitable treatment combination appeared to be the 76‐cm spacing at the low nitrogen rate.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences