jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methodological And Data Infrastructure Report On Roma Population In The Eu

This paper aims to contribute to the policy discussion on the challenges of mapping the realities of Roma living conditions, and attempts to propose cross-country comparative, relevant indicators of Roma inclusion, which are acutely needed for evidence-based policy making. The reason for the special attention devoted to the situation of the Roma population is clear: a large group of EU citizens, 10-12 million people is living in much worse conditions, and with fewer opportunities for upward mobility, than their peers or neighbours. If these people remain excluded, uneducated, jobless and mired in deep poverty, it not only blights their own lives and determinates the possibilities of the next generations, but also has a significant impact on life for the majority, through burdens imposed on the welfare system and the reduced capacity of the local labour markets. Social indicators based on statistical and survey data are essential to provide clear and comprehensive evidence for policy makers. At present, evidence-based policy making aimed at Roma inclusion faces serious limitations, because basic information is lacking about Roma people’s social and economic situation. The paper addresses issues related to measuring Roma inclusion and the outcomes of EU wide and national policies aiming at this population. In this effort the paper first outlines the political and conceptual framework and describes availability and limitations of data on Roma populations. In a next section it comparatively overviews indicators of Roma inclusion applied by National Roma Inclusion Strategies in 16 EU Member States and critically assesses them. Finally, it proposes alternative indicators that reflect challenges of Roma inclusion in a comprehensive, multidimensional way and discusses the possible data sources as well as gaps in available data.

Topic: Romani and Gypsy Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever

JOURNAL ARTICLE| 01 July 1861 Original Communications: On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever WILLIAM ADDISON WILLIAM ADDISON Search for other works by this author on: This site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information WILLIAM ADDISON Online Issn: 1477-9137 Print Issn: 0021-9533 Copyright © 1861 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1861 J Cell Sci (1861) s2-1 (3): 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s2-1.3.166 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation WILLIAM ADDISON; Original Communications: On Changes in the Properties of the Red Corpuscles of Human Blood in relation to Fever. J Cell Sci 1 July 1861; s2-1 (3): 166–175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s2-1.3.166 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All contentAll journalsJournal of Cell Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright © 1861 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1861 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phase II trials in the EORTC. The Protocol Review Committee, the Data Center, the Research and Treatment Division, and the New Drug Development Office. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

The Protocol Review Committee (PRC) has prepared this document in order to clarify the phases of introduction of a new therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Our aim is to define these phases and to make explicit the intentions which lie behind EORTC studies at each stage in the process. The PRC hopes that this will help the Cooperative Groups of the EORTC in developing their protocols for clinical trials carried out under the auspices of the EORTC. This position paper may also assist those undertaking this form of clinical research outside the EORTC.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ampliación de la presencia del caracol africano gigante Acathina fulica (Bowdich 1822) (Mollusca: Gastropoda-Achatinidae) en la zona norte del departamento de Sucre, Colombia

The present work determines the presence of the African giant snail (Acathina fulica), in the north area of the Sucre department, in jurisdiction of the Corporación Autónoma Regional de Sucre - CARSUCRE. Density and ranges of sizes were established for each sites sampled: Sincelejo, Corozal y Tolú; the control protocols indicated by the respective environmental authority were followed and the potential impacts that this invasive species could cause were discussed.

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Restructuring, migrant labour markets and small business

Changes in global economic patterns have lead to major shifts in both international migratory flows and labour market structures in Australia. This causes a reshaping of the process whereby migrant labour is incorporated, leading to unemployment among existing migrant groups, and restriction of labour market entry points for new arrivals. Another result of restructuring is the growth of small entrepreneurship. Qualitative research in inner Sydney explores the characteristics of migrant small businesses, showing types of enterprises, conditions for establishment, motivations of the entrepreneurs, use of family labour power, and chains of interdependence with larger firms. The analysis points to the need for re-examination of theories of migration and class.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical Scoring Systems in the Newborn Calf: An Overview

A scoring system is an instrument that enables the scorers, including farmers, technicians, and veterinarians, to adopt a systematic approach for diagnosis or monitoring, as it decreases bias and confounding and increases objectivity. Practically, it is a number assigned to a patient that correlates with a probability that a diagnosis can be confirmed or that a specific outcome will follow. This article examines the clinical scores designed or adapted to bovine medicine that aim to assess newborn calf viability and to diagnose and monitor neonatal calf diarrhea and respiratory diseases, helping the clinician promptly recognize calves needing medical assistance. Despite the large number of clinical scores described in the literature, these are still barely used in farm animal practice; possibly, the complexity of the scores and missing recommendations for intervention are reasons for their lack of popularity as well as the crosswise lack of consistency among scores designed for the same purpose. Further research is needed in this regard to increase scores validation and encourage their application in bovine calf neonatology.

Topic: Animal health and immunology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Inside outreach: a challenge for health sciences librarians.

Analysis of the data revealed key findings in the areas of strategic planning, funding, and evaluation. A thoughtful definition of outreach ensures that outreach activities are expressions of the library's mission. Funding shifts require flexible programs. Evaluation provides data necessary to create new programs, sustain successful ones, and avoid repeating mistakes.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Mitochondrial toxicity of drugs].

Considering the complexity of mitochondria, it is not surprising that the pathogenesis of adverse drug events often develop on drug-induced mitochondrial injury. Drug induced mitochondrial toxicity can occur through several mechanisms, such as depletion of mtDNA (e.g. NRTI), inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation (e.g. valproic acid), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (e.g. anthracyclines), formation of mitochondrial oxidative stress and depletion of mitochondrial glutathione pool (e.g. acetaminophen), uncoupling of electron transport from ATP synthesis (e.g. tamoxifen) and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (e.g. simvastatin). This review focuses on the mitochondrial toxicity of drugs in general and explains the practical relevance of these adverse drug events according to specific drugs (metformin, statins, acetaminophen, valproic acid). Furthermore the significance of mitotropic micronutrients such as coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine and glutathione in the prevention and management ofdrug-induced mitochondrial injury is discussed.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Psychometric Properties of Probability and Quantile Forecasts

Forecasting tournaments are a well established method for assessing human forecasting skills. Most forecasting tournaments are based on a format where participants estimate the probabilities of discrete events. For predictions of continuous values, the possible range of outcome values is divided into mutually exclusive bins covering the entire outcome distribution so that probabilities for each bin can be elicited. An alternative approach involves directly eliciting forecasts about quantiles of the continuous quantity. Using both simulated data and data from 1,147 participants who completed five surveys focused on forecasting tasks in a longitudinal study, we compared the psychometric properties of quantile and probability elicitation methods. In the simulation, we demonstrated that items in the quantile format recovered parameters that defined forecasters’ latent forecasting skill in fewer items than the probability format, and identified several idiosyncrasies in accuracy scores for the probability format that drive these differences. In the empirical analyses, we elicited forecasts about a set of 36 forecasting questions in both formats: quantile forecasts at five fixed probability values (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) and probability forecasts for five pre-determined item-specific bins. Consistent with the simulated results, our findings revealed that forecasts in the quantile format showed considerably stronger internal consistency, achieving a suitable reliability level with fewer items. When cross-validating how well individual forecasters’ accuracy on in-sample questions predicted their performance in out-of-sample questions, the variability in the accuracy of quantile forecasts was more statistically explainable. Despite its desirable properties, errors and signs of comprehension difficulties were more frequently observed in the quantile format. Further research is needed to refine elicitations that optimize the effectiveness of quantile-based forecasting judgments.

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
P1274 Early surgery versus watchful waiting in patients with moderate aortic stenosis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) induces significant pressure overload to the left ventricle (LV) and its burden may increase if there is concomitant LV systolic dysfunction. Severe AS with LV systolic dysfunction is a class I indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) irrespective of symptoms, however, this recommendation is not well established in those with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinical impact of surgical AVR among patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction. Methods From 2001 to 2017, we retrospectively but consecutively identified patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction from a single tertiary hospital. Moderate AS was defined as aortic valve area between 1.0 and 1.5cm2 and LV systolic dysfunction as LV ejection fraction less than 50%. The primary outcome was all-cause death and we additionally analyzed cardiac death as a secondary endpoint. The outcomes were compared between those who underwent early surgical AVR at the stage of moderate AS versus those who were followed without AVR at the outpatient clinic. Results Among a total of 257 patients with moderate AS and concomitant LV systolic dysfunction (70.0 ± 11.3 years, 63.4% of male), 34 patients received early AVR. Patients in the AVR group was younger than the observation group (64.2 ± 8.1 vs. 70.9 ± 11.5, respectively), and had a lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. During a mean of 3-year follow up, 112 patients (47.5%) died and the overall death rate was 15.367 per 100 person-year (PY). The AVR group showed a significantly lower rate of all-cause death than the observation group (5.241PY vs. 18.160PY, p-value = 0.002). After multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and laboratory data, early AVR at the stage of moderate AS significantly reduced the risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.117 - 0.985, p-value = 0.047). However, there was no risk reduction of cardiac death (HR 0.578 95% CI 0.150 - 2.231, p-value = 0.426). Conclusions In patients with moderate AS and LV systolic dysfunction, AVR reduces the risk of all-cause death. A prospective design study is warranted to confirm our findings in the near future. Abstract P1274 Figure. Kaplan-Meier curves for deaths

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on fatty acid composition of milk in Canadian Holsteins

Bilal, G., Cue, R. I., Mustafa, A. F. and Hayes, J. F. 2014. Effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on fatty acid composition of milk in Canadian Holsteins. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 401–410. The objectives of the present study were to study the effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation on individual fatty acids and fatty acid unsaturation indices in milk of Canadian Holsteins. One morning milk sample was collected from each of 3185 dairy cows between February and June 2010 from 52 commercial herds enrolled in the Quebec Dairy Production Centre of Expertise, Valacta. Individual fatty acid proportions (g 100 g−1 of total fatty acids) were determined for each sample by gas chromatography. Editing for registration status, cow, sire and dam identification, breed, country, age at calving and stage of lactation reduced the data set to 2573 cows representing 46 herds. The statistical model included the fixed effects of parity, age at calving and stage of lactation each nested within parity and random effects of herd-year-season of calving and residual. First-parity cows had relatively higher proportions of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, from a human health standpoint, and lower proportions of potentially undesirable saturated fatty acids in milk fat as compared with later parity cows. Milk fatty acid profile varied with stage of lactation. The proportions of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6:0 to C14:0) were low in the beginning of lactation and increased during the early part of lactation. Long-chain fatty acids (especially C18:0 and oleic acid) and unsaturation indices (C16, C18 and total) showed an opposite trend to that of short- and medium-chain fatty acids. The study showed that parity and lactation stage contribute to variation in bovine milk fat composition.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Single layers and multilayers of GaN and AlN in square-octagon structure: Stability, electronic properties, and functionalization

Further to planar single-layer hexagonal structures, GaN and AlN can also form free-standing, single-layer structures constructed from squares and octagons. We performed an extensive analysis of dynamical and thermal stability of these structures in terms of ab initio finiteerature molecular dynamics and phonon calculations together with the analysis of Raman and infrared active modes. These single-layer square-octagon structures of GaN and AlN display directional mechanical properties and have wide, indirect fundamental band gaps, which are smaller than their hexagonal counterparts. These density functional theory band gaps, however, increase and become wider upon correction. Under uniaxial and biaxial tensile strain, the fundamental band gaps decrease and can be closed. The electronic and magnetic properties of these single-layer structures can be modified by adsorption of various adatoms, or by creating neutral cation-anion vacancies. The single-layer structures attain magnetic moment by selected adatoms and neutral vacancies. In particular, localized gap states are strongly dependent on the type of vacancy. The energetics, binding, and resulting electronic structure of bilayer, trilayer, and three-dimensional (3D) layered structures constructed by stacking the single layers are affected by vertical chemical bonds between adjacent layers. In addition to van der Waals interaction, these weak vertical bonds induce buckling in planar geometry and enhance their binding, leading to the formation of stable 3D layered structures. In this respect, these multilayers are intermediate between van der Waals solids and wurtzite crystals, offering a wide range of tunability. © 2017 American Physical Society.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Characteristic Inter Database Retrieval System and Its Collaborative Mechanism

Some of the universities or special libraries will have special requirements for the information query. According to some of the special requirements, a multi-agent coalition inter database retrieval system architecture is constructed to support unified access to multiple databases. This paper gives the details about the model structure of collaborative agent and the collaborative mechanism in the system.

Topic: Web Data Mining and Analysis
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantitative approach to the diffusion of obsidian in the ancient northern Near East

Tracing the transport of obsidian in the ancient Near East has played an important role in identifying prehistoric trade networks. The quantitative aspect of these exchanges has until now been rarely studied, whether the weight of material transported, its correlation with the means of transport (carried by humans, by pack or draught animals, by boat), the number of hours or days necessary between the source and the archaeological sites. Obsidian sources located in the northern Near East (Eastern Anatolia, Transcaucasia) were extensively exploited between the 7th–3rd mill. BC. The GIS modelling and quantification of the provision of obsidian in this mountainous region have revealed the predominance of a direct mode of acquisition, based partly on transhumance. The ethnographic data and the accounts of travellers in past centuries contribute precious information, which clarifies and supports the results of the modelling achieved using the GIS.

Topic: Ancient Near East History
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Fundamental Diagram and Supply Curves for Congested Urban Networks

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) of traffic for some networks have been shown to have similar shape to those for single links. They have erroneously been used to help estimate the level of travel in congested networks. We argue that supply curves, which track vehicles in their passage through congested networks, are needed for this purpose, and that they differ from the performance curves generated from MFD. We use a microsimulation model, DRACULA and two networks, one synthesizing the network for Cambridge, England, and one of the city of York, England, to explore the nature of performance curves and supply curves under differing patterns of demand. We show that supply curves differ from performance curves once the onset of congestion is reached, and that the incorrect use of performance curves to estimate demand can thus seriously underestimate traffic levels, the costs of congestion, and the value of congestion relief measures. We also show that network aggregated supply curves are sensitive to the temporal distribution of demand and, potentially, to the spatial distribution of demand. The shape of the supply curve also differs between origin-destination movements within a given network. We argue that supply curves for higher levels of demand cannot be observed in normal traffic conditions, and specify ways in which they can be determined from microsimulation and, potentially, by extrapolating observed data. We discuss the implications of these findings for conventional modeling of network management policies, and for these policies themselves.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Retrieval of snow surface microwave emissivity from the advanced microwave sounding unit

Satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction systems requires information on microwave snow surface emissivity in a wide wavelength range. However, the existing models perform poorly for stratified snow or aged snow especially at high frequencies such that they are inapplicable for various snow types. The brightness temperatures at the window channels of the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) are characterized strongly by surface emissivity and are thus used in this study to retrieve snow surface emissivity from 23.8 to 150 GHz under both clear and cloudy conditions. This algorithm uses an iteration scheme associated with a two‐stream radiative transfer model. The accuracy of the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity using this algorithm is first assessed against a set of satellite‐observed emissivity under clear skies and a set of simulated emissivity under cloudy conditions. The algorithm is then assessed by its application to seven consecutive snow events observed at Hagerstown, Maryland, in February 2003 and to a set of mountainous snowpacks observed at the Local Scale Observation Site of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment in northern Colorado in February and March of 2002 and 2003. Results show that the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity spectra are consistent with the snow emissivity model simulations of the snow events in both Maryland and Colorado. Furthermore, the impact of the AMSU‐retrieved snow emissivity on global satellite data assimilation systems is investigated by applying the algorithm to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system. Compared to the existing analytic land emissivity model used in the GSI system, the retrieved emissivity significantly improves the use of the AMSU sounding data in the NCEP GSI system. Therefore, the AMSU‐based snow emissivity retrieval algorithm has demonstrated its potential use in the global satellite data assimilation systems.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences