jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Racism as Subjectification

Nobody likes to feel used. But everyone likes to feel useful. This paradox has long been overlooked by people examining the parameters of racism in the United States. The classic model of racism focuses on the manner in which Black Americans have been objectified — and for good reason. From chattel slavery to Jim Crow, African-Americans have faced a long and sordid history of being regarded as little more than objects — useful tools for White powerbrokers, but not independent subjects with their own desires, perspective, and rights.However, following the Civil Rights revolution, this dynamic has shifted. While racial objectification has by no means disappeared, today the prevailing sentiment in American society is one that, outwardly at least, respects the independence and inherent dignity of its minority members. However, even as they are granted the full rights of citizenship, the idea that racial minorities are objectively valuable, are necessary to the full and complete functioning of society, has faded away. While they admit that they have inherent dignity and human rights, White society nevertheless denies that members of racial minority groups have any objective use — and if their presence is lacking in political, economic, and social institutions, it is not seen as a cause for concern. This is the problem of subjectification — when people who are conceded to possess subject status are nevertheless treated as if they have no objective worth. In this essay, I articulate the concept of subjectification and show how it provides a new and fruitful perspective on the problems of race and racism in American society.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fasting Serum Free Fatty Acids and Triglycerides are Increased Before 20 Weeks of Gestation in Women who Later Develop Preeclampsia

Objective: The null hypothesis of this study was that there was no difference in fasting serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) before 20 weeks of gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia, compared to women with uneventful pregnancies.Methods: Healthy primigravida, n = 510, provided fasting blood samples at 16-18 weeks of gestation. Nineteen of these later developed preeclampsia. Nineteen matched controls were selected from the remaining 491 individuals. Blood samples were also obtained from 16 patients with manifest preeclampsia and from 16 control women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Concentrations of FFA and TG, and the lipolytic activity in maternal serum were measured.Results: In patients with manifest preeclampsia, serum levels of FFA and TG, and lipolytic activity were significantly increased compared to women with normal pregnancies. The group of 19 women who later developed preeclampsia had higher serum FFA and TG concentrations at 16-18 weeks of gestation compared to a matched control group: FFA 0.50 0.15 vs. 0.34 0.11 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and TG 1.3 0.5 vs. 0.9 0.3 mmol/L (P = 0.003).Conclusion: We provide for the first time evidence that fasting serum free fatty acids and triglycerides are increased before 20 weeks of gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Barriers to inclusion: a case study of a pupil with severe learning difficulties in Ireland

The aim of this study was to examine the inclusion of a pupil with a severe general learning difficulty in a four‐teacher mainstream primary school, located in rural Ireland. The research employed a qualitative multiple operationism approach to data collection. Data were analysed qualitatively, and quantitative reporting and display procedures were also employed. This paper focuses on curricular and social access, the pupil’s perception, peers’ perception and the impact on peers. The study identified the existence of a number of dilemmas in seeking to secure successful inclusion. These included concerns over specialist teaching materials, mainstream teachers’ perception of meeting the needs of pupils with special educational needs as constituting an esoteric specialist domain, non‐disabled pupils’ lack of knowledge and understanding of learning disability, and the extent to which the pupil was included socially. Questions are raised about the model of support for inclusive education in Ireland.

Topic: Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of walnuts compared to fatty fish on eicosanoids and cytokines in blood

N‐3 fatty acids have anti‐inflammatory properties. However, since eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and not α‐linolenic acid (ALA) is the substrate for the cyclooxygenase enzymes and a precursor to eicosanoids, it is unclear whether ALA from walnuts and EPA from fish have similar effects on inflammation. Our objective was to compare the effects of walnuts and fatty fish on circulating inflammatory markers. Under controlled metabolic feeding conditions and randomized crossover design, 25 subjects alternately consumed a control, walnut (1.5 oz/d walnuts, 6 times/wk) or fish diet (8 oz/wk salmon) for 4 weeks each. The walnut (5.43g/d ALA) and fish (760 mg EPA +DHA/d) diet resulted in a significant decrease in plasma 11‐dehydro thromboxane B2 (11‐D‐TXB2) and prostaglandin E metabolite (PGEM) compared to control diet, with no differences between the walnut and fish diets. No significant differences were observed in blood IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and CRP among the three diets, nevertheless, walnut diet values were lower. The fish diet decreased the concentration of sICAM‐1 compared to control diet (p&lt;0.05). The walnut diet decreased sE‐selectin compared to the fish diet (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, walnuts and fish have similar effects in decreasing plasma 11‐D‐TXB2 and PGEM, no effect on blood IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and CRP, but different effects in sICAM‐1 and sE‐selectin.

Topic: Nuts composition and effects
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Multinomial Logit Bandit with Low Switching Cost

We study multinomial logit bandit with limited adaptivity, where the algorithms change their exploration actions as infrequently as possible when achieving almost optimal minimax regret. We propose two measures of adaptivity: the assortment switching cost and the more fine-grained item switching cost. We present an anytime algorithm (AT-DUCB) with $O(N \log T)$ assortment switches, almost matching the lower bound $Ω(\frac{N \log T}{ \log \log T})$. In the fixed-horizon setting, our algorithm FH-DUCB incurs $O(N \log \log T)$ assortment switches, matching the asymptotic lower bound. We also present the ESUCB algorithm with item switching cost $O(N \log^2 T)$.

Topic: Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Genetic Algorithm with the Improved 2-opt Method for Quadratic Assignment Problem

We propose a new 2-opt base method as a local search approach used with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in Memetic Algorithm. We got a hint from the fast 2-opt method and devised the new 2-opt method. The main different point is such that our method exchanges genes by using histories of contributions to fitness value improvement. The contribution level is represented by the value `Priority’.In computer experiment, Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) instances are solved by GA with the 2-opt method(First Admissible Move Strategy, the Best Admissible Move Strategy), the fast 2-opt, and our proposed method for comparative evaluation. The results showed that our improved method obtained better solutions at ealier generation of the GA and our method required less computation time than the others at some upper bound value of appropriate `Priority’ setting values. Specially, at the average elapsed time of the fast 2-opt method’s 1000th generation, the exact solution findings of ours is more than the others. In further experiment, we observe that the searching capability depends on the number of levels of `Priority’. The ratio between two different Priority level sets becomes 1.59 in computation time in solving problem instance “char25a". This characteristic is shown to be statistically significant in ten instances among eleven.

Topic: Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman’s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue. Keywords: craniofacial morphology, facial growth, facial index, long face, oral breathing

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Incarviatone A

We report herein the first total synthesis of (-)-incarviatone A (1) in 14 steps starting from commercially available inexpensive phenylacetic acid (9). Our early stage synthesis relies on the scalable and sequential C-H functionalization to rapidly assemble the indanyl dialdehyde framework. Further biomimetic cascade strategy allows us to obtain the natural product in a one-pot operation. We also conduct detailed mechanistic studies and disclose all the possible intermediates and isomers formed during the biomimetic cascade process.

Topic: Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analisis Kepuasan Kerja Guru Di SMK Negeri 1 Tulung Selapan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

The teacher is the most important dimension of the education process. Schools must carry out good management of teachers by providing services to realize teacher job satisfaction in schools. In this study using a qualitative approach approach with data sources in this study consisting of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. To analyze the data using the theory of Milles and Humberman. From the results of the study, it can be found that the job satisfaction of teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Tulung Selapan, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in terms of job satisfaction factors with work, imbalances, supervisory supervisors, coworkers, and appropriate promotions. This means that every point on teacher job satisfaction is not a negative reason for teachers not to carry out optimally. Although at the point of work, there are a small number of teachers who teach not according to their educational qualifications, but personally the individual is not a problem for the teacher. With the artist, the teacher is still comfortable in teaching even though the subjects he teaches are not in accordance with his educational qualifications.

Topic: School Leadership and Teacher Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract WP376: Candidates for Long Term Anticoagulation Among Hospitalized Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in United States

Context: Long-term anticoagulation has been consistently shown to reduce the rate of ischemic stroke among selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). There is paucity of data regarding number of eligible patients with AFib in United States who could benefit from long-term anticoagulation. Objective: To provide national estimate of eligible hospitalized patients with AFib who could benefit from long-term anticoagulation. Methods: We analyzed data from Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the year 2016. NIS represents the largest all payer nationally representative dataset of hospitalizations in United States. We identified patients with primary or secondary diagnosis of AFib who were aged 75 years or greater, women aged 65-74 years, men aged 65-74 years with history of ischemic stroke/transient cerebral ischemia( TIAs), and patients aged 18-64 years with AF and ischemic stroke/TIAs (CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 or greater) who were hospitalized and discharged alive to provide national estimates. Results: A total of 871,391 patients (163,236 aged between 18-64 years, 216,645 aged between 65-74 years, and 491,107 aged 75 years or greater) were admitted with a diagnosis of AFib in 2016. The number of patients with atrial fibrillation who also had history of ischemic stroke/TIAs was 38,051 (4.37%). Of the Afib patients, aged 75 years or greater, 25,050 (2.87 %) had a history of ischemic stroke/TIAs. Of the patients aged 65-74 years, 3,534 women (0.41%) and 4,341 men (0.50%) had history of ischemic stroke/TIAs. Also, there were 91,364 (10.48%) women between age 65-74 years who had AFib but did not have stroke.5,117 (=n,0.59%) patients between age 18-64 years had AFib and history of ischemic stroke/TIAs. The total number of potentially eligible patients with AFib who could benefit from the anticoagulation (based on CHA2DS2-VASc) was 564,030(65% of all patients admitted with AFib). Conclusions: Over half a million hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation who are under medical care can benefit from long-term anticoagulation. Most are stroke free at time of hospitalization in United States and thus associated death and disability from new strokes can be prevented by timely initiation of long-term anticoagulation.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
C<scp>OLONY</scp>D<scp>ISPERSAL AND THE</scp>E<scp>VOLUTION OF</scp>Q<scp>UEEN</scp>M<scp>ORPHOLOGY IN</scp>S<scp>OCIAL</scp>H<scp>YMENOPTERA</scp>

▪ Abstract Social Hymenoptera show two contrasting strategies of colony reproduction. A reproductive female can raise the first generation of brood alone (independent foundation), or a colony can divide into autonomous parts in which the reproductive female is helped by sterile relatives (fission, budding, swarming). In independent-founding ants, queens can histolize their flight muscles after dispersal; in many species, large flight muscles and metabolic reserves reduce or eliminate the need for risky foraging trips during the vulnerable solitary stage. Colony division is a derived strategy, and we review the selective pressures leading to its occurrence in the different social taxa. In various ants, fission coexists with independent foundation, and alate queens are retained. However, in ants exhibiting obligate fission (e.g. all army ants and many Ponerinae), queens are permanently wingless (ergatoid), or the queen caste is missing altogether. When reproductive females are flightless, dispersal distances and colonization ability are reduced, and there are extensive modifications in mating behavior and resource allocation. We focus on the characteristics of fission in the phylogenetically primitive ants Ponerinae in which both ergatoid queens and gamergates occur. The ground-living habits of ants have permitted extensive changes in the phenotypes of their reproductive females, unlike in wasps and bees.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 983402: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: A Case Report, Treatment Strategies, and Emerging Therapies

Abstract Introduction/Objective Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare cutaneous disorder with both inherited and acquired forms. Inherited cases involve mutations in genes such as ERV1 and ERV2, crucial for HPV immunity, while acquired cases affect immunocompromised individuals. EV is linked to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), highlighting the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Methods/Case Report A 54-year-old HIV-positive man was referred with a persistent, itchy eruption on his forearms despite given ARV regimen, oral retinoids and topical therapies. Physical examination revealed hypopigmentation and hyperkeratotic plaques on both forearms. Histologic examination revealed large cells with blue-gray cytoplasm and perinuclear halo in the upper epidermis, consistent with EV. Although advised for papilloma virus vaccination and planned for a trial of topical cidofovir, the patient was lost to follow-up. Treatment strategies for EV vary depending on lesion severity. Severe keratinized or precancerous lesions typically require surgical removal as the first-line approach. For early-stage EV with few small lesions, 5-FU, cidofovir, glycolic acid, and imiquimod is recommended. Tazarotene 0.5% cream used twice weekly has shown success in resolving lesions within 14 days. Topical imiquimod’s efficacy appears variable. In HIV-positive patients with EV, topical 1% cidofovir showed success in some cases. Systemic and topical retinoids are advised for diffuse lesions, with electrocautery or cryotherapy as options if initial treatments fail. HPV vaccination combined with oral acitretin, topical tretinoin and imiquimod led to lesion flattening. Continuous low-dose isotretinoin achieved prolonged remission of EV, but its efficacy in acquired EV remains unclear. Topical methyl aminolevulinate followed by photodynamic therapy has also shown promise. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Since its discovery in the 1970s, Acquired EV has been observed across diverse demographics, including HIV patients and organ transplant recipients. Advanced HPV typing and sequencing techniques aid in predicting SCC risk. Emerging treatments like topical cidofovir and combination therapies show promise, necessitating larger clinical trials for validation.

Topic: Genetic and rare skin diseases.
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mitotic Centromere–associated Kinesin Is Important for Anaphase Chromosome Segregation

Mitotic centromere–associated kinesin (MCAK) is recruited to the centromere at prophase and remains centromere associated until after telophase. MCAK is a homodimer that is encoded by a single gene and has no associated subunits. A motorless version of MCAK that binds centromeres but not microtubules disrupts chromosome segregation during anaphase. Antisense-induced depletion of MCAK results in the same defect. MCAK overexpression induces centromere-independent bundling and eventual loss of spindle microtubule polymer suggesting that centromere-associated bundling and/or depolymerization activity is required for anaphase. Live cell imaging indicates that MCAK may be required to coordinate the onset of sister centromere separation.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Giant Condyloma Acuminata with Maggots in Perianal Area of HIV Infected Male Running Head: A Case Report of Giant Condyloma Acuminata

We report a case of 28-year-old HIV-positive male with giant condyloma acuminata in anogenital region. This homosexual patient presented with a large foul smelling growth along with maggots in a perianal region refractory to treatment at presentation. The patient was successfully managed with excision and there was no recurrence of lesion at last follow-up at 2-months. The case highlights the rare presentation and management of difficult-to-treat case of giant condyloma acuminata with maggots of anogenital region in HIV-positive patients.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FIGURE 34 in Radiation and decline of endodontid land snails in Makatea, French Polynesia

FIGURE 34. Pseudolibera parva sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (MNHN 25679), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Non-type specimen (station Mk12), showing a more tightly coiled spire. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 2 mm.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Summary of aim 2 CRCT phase measures.

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Black men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to have the highest incidence of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States but are least likely to be engaged in care or to be virally suppressed. Many Black MSM face multiple stigmas, but some have found refuge in the House Ball Community (HBC)—a national network of Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender kinship commitments that provide care-giving, affirmation, and survival skills-building for its members. We propose to modify a skills-building and HIV prevention best-evidence, group-level intervention for HIV- negative Black MSM (Many Men Many Voices) into a family-based intervention to focus on asset-building for both HIV-negative and HIV-positive Black MSM within HBC families. The adapted intervention will be re-branded as Our Family Our Voices (OFOV). We proposed a mixed-methods study to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of OFOV adapted for HIV status-neutral use with HBC families. First, we will develop the intervention protocol using the ADAPT-ITT model for modifying behavioral interventions. Then, we will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial with six HBC families in New York City. Families will be randomized to the OFOV intervention or waitlist control arm. Primary outcomes will be HIV testing, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use, currently in HIV care and on HIV treatment. Secondary outcomes will be the number of family-based assets, resilience, number of sexual partners, and relative frequency of condomless anal intercourse. The results of the formative research, including the pilot trial, will contribute to the evidence-base regarding the development of HIV status-neutral interventions that respond to the diversity and complexities of HBC families and that recognize the importance of asset-building for facilitating HBC resilience to stigma as a part of the United States’ domestic policy objective of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences