jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Overproduction of Gastrointestinal 5-HT Promotes Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Progression via Enhancing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chronic inflammation is a key driver for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, has been reported to promote inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the mechanism behind this remains unclear. In this study, we found that 5-HT levels, as well as the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the 5-HT biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme, were significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer mouse models, and colorectal cancer cell lines when compared with normal colorectal tissues or epithelial cell lines. Colorectal cancer cell–originated 5-HT enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells and immortalized bone marrow–derived macrophages (iBMDM) via its ion channel receptor, HTR3A. Mechanistically, HTR3A activation led to Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; influx, followed by CaMKIIα phosphorylation (Thr286) and activation, which then induced NLRP3 phosphorylation at Ser198 (mouse: Ser194) and inflammasome assembling. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL1β maturation, and release upregulated 5-HT biosynthesis in colorectal cancer cells by inducing &lt;i&gt;TPH1&lt;/i&gt; transcription, revealing a positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling. Silencing TPH1 or HTR3A by short hairpin RNA slowed down tumor growth in an established CT26 and iBMDM coimplanted subcutaneous allograft colorectal cancer mouse model, whereas treatment with TPH1 inhibitor 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine or HTR3A antagonist tropisetron alleviated tumor progression in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate–induced colorectal cancer mouse model. Addressing the positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling could provide potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Discipline of the Democratic Peace:

The theory that democratic states do not go to war with one another depends upon the claim that such states can recognize each other as democracies and act pacifically in accordance with this recognition. This article argues that analyses of the democratic peace and security communities can benefit from a fuller and more critical engagement with the thinking of Immanuel Kant. Kantian liberalism involves subtle yet powerful processes of identity construction, and the processes of mutual recognition with which these identities are intertwined play essential constitutive and disciplining roles in the development of political relations. These processes of recognition are not merely sociological puzzles, but rather overtly political practices that both entail and enable the exercise of considerable power. The social construction of democratic security communities builds upon these liberal structures of identity and discipline, a situation demonstrated in the case of NATO.

Topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Drs. Pierson and Bierman Reply

The letters of Drs. Sloan and Goldstein deserve the following comments to clarify various points raised by their correspondence. In regard to Dr. Sloan's specific comments: (1) A child or adolescent who fails to respond to three injections of epinephrine (15 ml) is defined as being in status asthmaticus and is admitted to the hospital (intensive care unit). The outpatient use of intravenous fluids and medications is risky due to obvious lack of proper monitoring of intensive clinical evaluation and arterial blood gases.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Committee warns of risk of private computed tomography

A Nigerian judge has ordered the arrests of three Pfizer officials for failing to attend court to respond to criminal charges against Pfizer for treating children with an experimental drug during a deadly meningitis outbreak in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996.Judge Shehu Atiku in Kano ordered arrest warrants for the head of Pfizer in Nigeria, Ngozi Edozien, and the senior officials Lare Baale and Segun Donguro, after they failed to attend court on 6 November.Government prosecutors in Nigeria say that Pfizer used critically ill children as "guinea pigs" to study Pfizer's experimental drug trovafloxacin.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria against Pfizer, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people.Plaintiffs seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €6bn) in civil suits.Pfizer says that it will "vigorously defend itself against the 'untrue allegations' in the government's lawsuits," and it says that the children died from meningitis and not from the drugs.In response to the

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The ameliorating effect of <i>Rosa roxburghii</i> against ethanol-induced psychomotor alterations in rats

Background: Ethanol (EtOH) is one of the oldest recreational substances known to man, primarily taken because it induces a sense of well-being (euphoric effects) and relaxation (anxiolytic effects). EtOH use entails various negative consequences. Of particular interest are EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations, because of its immediate manifestation and adverse consequences. Rosa roxburghii (RR), a wild plant of Southwest China, has gained attention on account of its numerous beneficial effects on the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Objective: In the present study we assessed the effects of Rosa roxburghii (RR) on EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered distilled water (control group) or ethanol (4 g/kg BW) (EtOH-group) to induce psychomotor alterations. RR extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before EtOH treatment (RR-group). EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations were evaluated in the open-field, accelerating rotarod, hanging wire, and cold swimming tests. Behavioral evaluation and hematological analysis (EtOH and acetaldehyde concentration) were done at 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after EtOH administration. Results: The EtOH group showed psychomotor alterations as compared with the control group. These EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations were directly related to the rise in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations. Pre-treatment of RR significantly improved EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations on open-field, accelerating rotarod, hanging wire, and cold swimming tests. These improvements in psychomotor performance coincided with the decreased blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels observed in the RR-treated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that RR has ameliorating effects against EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations.

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Beta-adrenoceptor agonists do not reduce hydrogen peroxide production from superoxide radicals.

Recently, it has been reported that beta-adrenoceptor agonists containing a catechol moiety, reduce hydrogen peroxide production by alveolar macrophages, an effect suggested to be due to scavenging by the catecholamines of superoxide, the precursor of hydrogen peroxide. However, catecholamines interfere with the method used, in that study, to determine hydrogen peroxide formation. We re-examined the obtained results using two independent methods for measuring hydrogen peroxide that are not affected by catecholamines. We found that catecholamines, in a concentration up to 10(-5) M, had no effect on hydrogen peroxide formation out of superoxide. It was, furthermore, established that reduction of hydrogen peroxide formation by scavenging of superoxide by catecholamines is not very likely.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Response of microzooplankton to iron-induced phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean

→ Tight coupling between prey and predators regulated population dynamics and facilitated population growth of diatoms (trophic cascade) which dominated the iron-induced phytoplankton bloom. Introduction Mesoscale in situ iron fertilisation experiments have resulted in the build-up of phytoplankton biomass and established beyond doubt that iron availability is the key factor limiting growth rates of oceanic phytoplankton in “high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll” (HNLC) regimes (see poster Assmy et al.). The response of microzooplankton groups (aplastidic dinoflagellates, aloricate and tintinnid ciliates) of the pelagic community and the processes within the pelagic food web (Fig. 1) were studied in detail and compared with processes in the surrounding water during two Southern Ocean iron fertilisation experiments conducted in austral spring (EisenEx) and in late summer early fall (EIFEX). Species abundance, biomass and taxonomic composition were quantified by microscopic techniques from sedimented water samples taken from the mixed surface layer.

Topic: Marine and coastal ecosystems
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
PLANT GROWTH, FRUIT YIELD, AND QUALITY OF CAPSICUM (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.) AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN LEVELS IN THE COASTAL SOIL OF BANGLADESH

Though capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) is a high-value crop in Bangladesh, limited cultivation is reported in the coastal zone of Khulna. Moreover, the nitrogen (N) requirement of capsicum for this zone needs to be evaluated. An experiment was administered at the Agrotechnology Field Laboratory of Khulna University, Bangladesh, from 1st December 2020 to 25th March 2021 with the variety ‘California Wonder’ to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on plant growth, fruit yield, and the quality attributes of capsicum. The experiment was fixed following Randomized Complete Block statistical design with five levels of nitrogen (0, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg N ha-1) and replicated four times. The recommended dose (116 kg N) and the highest dose (145 kg) of N resulted in statistically similar stem diameter, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD readings), yield, fruit diameter and length, vitamin C, and total soluble solid (TSS). Only plant height was statistically higher with the highest N level compared to the recommended level of N. However, numerically higher leaf number, chlorophyll index, yield and vitamin C content were recorded from the recommended dose of N and importantly, the recommended level of N resulted in 12% higher yield compared to the highest dose of N. Therefore, the application of 116 kg N ha-1 can achieve the optimum yield of capsicum in the Khulna region, and excessive N application did not increase the yield of bell pepper. However, more experiments should be conducted to recommend the optimal nitrogen dose for capsicum cultivation in the Khulna region of Bangladesh.

Topic: Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #118188.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Contests, NGOs, and Decentralizing Aid

Abstract International donors usually have particular goals they want to achieve with their foreign aid, e.g., poverty alleviation. In the international aid story lobbying by potential recipient groups attempting to capture the donor's support plays a potentially important role for non‐governmental organizations. We model this situation as a hierarchical contest and compare the implications of a centralized allocation process with a decentralized allocation process with non‐governmental organizations as intermediaries.

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nonnegligible pathogenic exposure risk of coarse part of PM10 in non-open environments

In non-open environments, pathogenic microorganisms are more likely to invade the human respiratory tract due to their limited diffusion in the environment, which has received little attention. In this study, we explored the distribution characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in non-open environments, and included sewage treatment plants and farms, which are occupational exposure risks, and G-series high-speed trains and waiting rooms, which are crowded. The results showed orders of magnitude differences in PM and microbial concentrations and the DNA/PM values of adsorption in the different non-open spaces. The concentration of PM with a size in the 4.7–10.0 μm range was higher than those of PM in the 1.1–4.7 μm and 0.43–1.1 μm ranges in all three types of places, accounting for 74.64%, 46.59%, and 51.49%, respectively. The DNA/PM value for the 1.1–4.7 μm range was higher than those for PM in the other two ranges in all three types of places at 0.175, 3.78 × 10 −3 , and 9.98 ng/μg, respectively. Although the relative abundances of Class II potentially pathogenic bacteria with sizes ranging from 1.1 to 4.7 μm were higher in all three types of places, the total abundance and the relative abundance of identified pathogenic microorganisms with sizes ranging from 4.7 to 10.0 μm were higher in all three types of places. Here, in non-open spaces, the pathogen exposure risk associated with PM 10 , particularly the coarse fraction of PM 10 , deserves special attention. Infectious diseases caused by aerosol transmission of pathogens in non-open environments should receive more attention and require further investigation in the future.

Topic: Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Routing-Aware Multiple Description Video Coding Over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Supporting video transmission over error-prone mobile ad-hoc networks is becoming increasingly important as these networks become more widely deployed. We propose a routing-aware multiple description video coding approach to support video transmission over mobile ad-hoc networks with multiple path transport. We build a statistical model to estimate the packet loss probability of each packet transmitted over the network based on the standard ad-hoc routing messages and network parameters. We then estimate the frame loss probability and dynamically select reference frames in order to alleviate error propagation caused by the packet losses. We conduct experiments using the QualNet simulator that accounts for node mobility, channel properties, MAC operation, multipath routing, and traffic type. The results demonstrate that our proposed method provides 0.7-2.3 dB gains in PSNR for different video sequences under different network settings and guarantees better video quality for a selectably high number of users of the network. Furthermore, we examine the estimation accuracy of our proposed estimation model and show that our model works effectively under various network settings.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reconstructing Archival Practices in Abbasid Baghdad

The Abbasid administration relied extensively on the use of written documents. The central administrative apparatus in Baghdad, with its numerous specialised bureaus, seems to have been one of the main producers of documents and it must have possessed some of the largest archives of its era. However, only few documents issued by and written for the central administration have survived in their original form. Through an analysis of references found in narrative sources, this article seeks to provide a reconstruction of the functioning of the archives of the central administration in Baghdad during the caliphate of al-Muqtadir (r. 295/908-320/932).

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A CASSCF-CASPT2 study of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reaction in 1-amino-3-propenal using different active spaces

In this work we analyze how the choice of the active space in the CASSCF (the complete-active-space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method) and CASPT2 (the second-order perturbation theory based on the CASSCF reference wave function) calculations affects the computed potential energy curves (PECs) for the intramolecular proton transfer reaction in the ground state and the two lowest lying singlet excited states of 1-amino-3-propenal. As anticipated, the results revealed that, qualitatively, the proton transfer in the different states can be correctly described even by minimal active spaces, which include the orbitals involved in the electronic excitation of the considered state and the antibonding sigma orbital corresponding to the bond formed by the molecule with the migrating hydrogen atom. However, quantitatively, the relative energies of the two tautomers and the energy barriers computed at the CASSCF level change when the active space is increased, indicating importance of the dynamic electron correlation. Introducing the dynamic correlation effects via CASPT2 makes the calculated energy parameters more uniform among the different active spaces. The analysis suggested certain optimal active spaces for studying proton transfer reactions in systems similar to 1-amino-3-propenal. The PEC calculations for excited states showed that the results are sensitive to the molecular geometries used in the calculations, particularly near the transition point. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 1422–1431 (1999)

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Basic biological X-ray microanalysis.

As more scanning and transmission electron microscopes become equipped with x-ray detectors, increasing numbers of scientists and technicians will be trying to obtain elemental data using the myriad of specimen preparation methods and quantitative procedures that have been developed over the past 28 years. This paper is an introduction to the basic concepts of biological x-ray microanalysis for new investigators in this field. The general principles of specimen x-ray emission, x-ray nomenclature and specimen preparation techniques for x-ray microanalysis are explained with specific examples. A simplified approach to estimating the x-ray excitation volume in a biological bulk or sectioned matrix is given. Some of the common detector and microscope artifacts are described and illustrated. Included in this paper is a short discussion of the effective use of controls and standards and references for some of the current methods for making ones own standards.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Possible Energy Sector Development Model in the Countries in Transition

The far-reaching changes in technology and structural changes which happened in majority of countries during the eighties and early nineties resulted in modified approach to energa analyses. Tih particularly concerns energy policies and planning. In addition to application of more and more complex nathematical models we have witnessed changes in conceptual approach to the problem.

Topic: Global Energy Security and Policy
Subfield: General Energy
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Substrate Analogues and Their Interaction with 3‐Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase Derived from Thermus thermophilus.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
STANDARISASI SPESIFIK DAN NON-SPESIFIK SIMPLISIA DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val.)

Turmeric is a plant that included in Zingiberaceae. Turmerics often used as a traditional medicine to heal wounds, antibacterial, reduces intestine motility, reduce unpleasant body odor, treats fever, diarrhea, and many more. Standardization is performed by examining turmeric rhizome simpicia and extract. Standardization is carried out to guarantee the quality of traditional raw materials and requirements for reproducibility of pharmaceutical and therapeutic qualities. Parameters that have been used in this research are macroscopic test, microscopic test, total ash content test, acid insoluble ash content test, water soluble simplicia content test, ethanol soluble simplicia content test, shrinkage drying test, and Phytochemistry screening qualitatively. From the results, turmeric simplicia has met the requirements, while turmeric extract has not eligible in requirements, because its acid insoluble ash content are not eligible. This expected because of the impurities which contamine the extract are silica and sand. Silica can cuts the mucosa of the throat when used it orally. Turmeric extract in this research does not eligible and cannot be used for the next step.

Topic: Natural Products and Applications
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Guided data reduction for flow cytometry

A statistical procedure for identifying subpopulations in large samples is discussed in the context of the analysis of flow cytometric data. The PINDEX algorithm is proposed for analyzing such multimodal data. PINDEX is a clustering algorithm which considers the covariance structure of clusters. When such an algorithm is run in a brute force manner, the number of runs required for convergence may involve computation which, for large samples, is prohibitive. A solution to this problem using starting centroids chosen by an expert system is proposed. Sample runs were made using data sets for lymphoid cells; these data sets are of modest dimensionality and contain four subpopulations. The results demonstrate that substantive economy of processing can be achieved by having the expert system provide start-up cluster centroids close to the final coordinates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences