jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CCDC 774859: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reflections on content to be included in the &amp;#x201C;Basic Electronics&amp;#x201D; proficiency of Industrial Engineering degrees

Industrial Engineering degree course syllabuses include a series of basic, common skills which must be acquired by those studying for any of the five qualifications that can be obtained in the subject. This paper presents a reflection on the content which should be included in the subject that cover the proficiency "Basic Electronics", analysing the content of the subjects taught to develop skills in this field in some Spanish universities and detailing the subject content offered by the "Escuela Politécnica Superior" (Advanced Polytechnic School) at the University of Seville.

Topic: Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spread footing design under eccentric and inclined loadings

The bearing capacity of spread footing foundation subjected to both vertical and horizontal loads can be estimated using bearing capacity factors, together with load inclination factor and eccentricity effect. However, different versions of bearing capacity and load inclination factor have been proposed. Four proposed bearing capacity versions will be discussed in this project, they are Meyerhof’s version, Hansen’s version, Vesic’s version and Eurocode 7 version. This project investigates the effects of different proposed factors in design of spread footing based on Eurocode 7 on the one hand, and reliability-based design accounting for input uncertainty on the other hand. Examples of reliability-based design are presented by using different proposed bearing capacity equations, while Eurocode 7 design are presented by its own proposed method. Two types of data input are presented in two examples, one based on mean and standard deviation, another based on characteristic value. The reliability index and probability of failure are determined. A sensitivity analysis and back-calculated partial factors of design parameters are performed and discussed. The comparison between back-calculated partial factors and partial factors from Eurocode 7 are discussed. Monte Carlo Simulation is also performed to provide additional check to the reliability-based design as a safety measure.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Nausea and Vomiting After Abdominal Surgery

BENSON, J. M.; DIPIRO, J. T.; COLEMAN, C. L.; HIRSCH, J. D.; DONNIGAN, L. D.; STANFIELD, J. A.; BOWDEN, T. A. JR. Author Information

Topic: Nausea and vomiting management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A bag-of-words approach for assessing activities of daily living using wrist accelerometer data

Most physical activity (PA) assessment studies use wearable accelerometers attached to the hip. However, there is significant and recent interest in understanding the usefulness of wrist based accelerometer data collection due to ease of use and higher compliance. This paper develops machine learning methods for identifying activity types and computing energy expenditures. Our approach converts the raw time series data into intermediate variables or features using standard statistical methods as well as bag-of-words (BoW) approach. We tested this approach to assess type of physical activities as well as estimate the required corresponding energy expenditure. The method was evaluated on 17 participants. Each of the participants wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the right wrist and performed 33 activities of daily living. Energy expenditure was measured in parallel by a portable indirect calorimetry system. Our results show that the BoW approach resulted in a more accurate model for PA identification (F1-score = 0.88 and 0.91 for sedentary and locomotion detection, respectively), compared with standard statistical summaries. The BoW approach preserved additional details about the accelerometer data, which resulted in distinguishing different activities that belonged to the same higher-level category (e.g., distinguishing leisure walk from stair ascent where both PAs belong to the locomotion class) and consequently yielding an accurate energy expenditure estimation model for PAs (rMSE = 0.93 and R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.69).

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanism for Higher Tolerance to and Lower Accumulation of Arsenite in NtCyc07-Overexpressing Tobacco

Arsenite [As(III)] is a highly toxic chemical to all organisms. Previously, we reported that the overexpression of NtCyc07 enhanced As(III) tolerance and reduced As(III) accumulation in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To understand a mechanism for higher As(III) tolerance and lower As(III) accumulation in NtCyc07-overexpressing tobacco, we examined the expression levels of various putative As(III) transporters (aquaporin). The expressions of putative As(III) exporter NIP1;1, PIP1;1, 1;5, 2;1, 2;2, and 2;7 were enhanced, while the expressions of putative As(III) importer NIP3;1, 4;1, and XIP2;1 were decreased, contributing to the reduced accumulation of As(III) in NtCyc07-overexpressing tobacco. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, superoxide and malondialdehyde) were lower, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) were higher in NtCyc07-tobacco than in the control tobacco. This suggests that the lower oxidative stress in transgenic tobacco may be attributed to the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower As(III) levels. Taken together, the overexpression of NtCyc07 enhances As(III) tolerance by reducing As(III) accumulation through modulation of expressions of putative As(III) transporters in tobacco.

Topic: Arsenic contamination and mitigation
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production and electrical characterization of the reflectin A2 isoform from Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii

​We report an improved methodology for the production of cephalopod proteins known as reflectins. Our findings may afford new opportunities for the study of these proteins’ multifaceted materials properties.

Topic: Cephalopods and Marine Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biochemical Aspects of Immune Complex Formation and Immune Complex Diseases

Formation of immune complexes is a normal part of the immune defence against soluble antigens. Immune complexes may nevertheless play a pathogenic role of their own. The present review discusses antigen antibody interactions with special regard to immune complex formation. A new classification of antigen antibody interactions is proposed, based on the antigenic valence. Oligovalent antigens and bivalent antibodies form genuine immune complexes. Experimental observations and theoretical considerations indicate that although a vast variety of complexes is possible genuine immune complex formation is a self‐limiting process, so it is typical that the smallest possible complexes are formed in the largest amounts. Formation of immune complexes differs in mechanism from most other biological ligand binding reactions, and the extent to which immune complex formation follows its own laws is discussed. To explain the mechanism of precipitin reactions, a two‐stage model is proposed. The outcome of antigen antibody heterogeneous, and the impact of antibody heterogeneity is also discussed.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison on rheological properties of origin and layered nano-montmorillonite modified asphalt binder

Montmorillonite (MMT) is a typical layered silicate. It has been widely used to modify polymers. In recent years, layered silicate has been receiving more attention from researchers in the civil engineering field, especially the organic nano-montmorillonite (OMMT). Flexible pavement plays an important role in structures of the primary highway at present. With the development of road traffic, asphalt pavement has gained more and more attention. The requirements for modified bitumen are increasing according to the higher load condition and worse serving environment in modern highway construction. It is reported that the performances of asphalt pavement could be enhanced by using OMMT modified asphalt binder. Because of unique layered structures and good dispersion in the asphalt binder in nanometer scale, the OMMT exhibits excellent mechanical enhancement properties. The profound research is important for the application of OMMT modified asphalt concrete in practice projects. So the profound researches on the rheological properties are necessary. The specimens which including origin binder and the layered nanometer MMT content of 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% were prepared to do Frequency Sweep using Dynamic Shearing Rheometer (DSR). The rheological data was analysed by producing complex modulus and phase angle master curves. Effects of MMT concentration to the dynamic mechanical response of asphalt binder in wider frequency range were analyzed.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rhinella arenarum (Argentine toad) egg predation by leeches

Fil: Masetti, Maria Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentina

Topic: Leech Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ulysses Dust Measurements Near Jupiter

Submicrometer- to micrometer-sized particles were recorded by the Ulysses dust detector within 40 days of the Jupiter flyby. Nine impacts were recorded within 50 Jupiter radii with most of them recorded after closest approach. Three of these impacts are consistent with particles on prograde orbits around Jupiter and the rest are believed to have resulted from gravitationally focused interplanetary dust. From the ratio of the impact rate before the Jupiter flyby to the impact rate after the Jupiter flyby it is concluded that interplanetary dust particles at the distance of Jupiter move on mostly retrograde orbits. On 10 March 1992, Ulysses passed through an intense dust stream. The dust detector recorded 126 impacts within 26 hours. The stream particles were moving on highly inclined and apparently hyperbolic orbits with perihelion distances of &gt;5 astronomical units. Interplanetary dust is lost rather quickly from the solar system through collisions and other mechanisms and must be almost continuously replenished to maintain observed abundances. Dust flux measurements, therefore, give evidence of the recent rates of production from sources such as comets, asteroids, and moons, as well as the possible presence of interstellar grains.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Power, participation, and protest in Flint, Michigan: Unpacking the policy paradox of municipal takeovers</i>, by Ashley E. Nickels

Ashley Nickels’s work is an analysis of state policy directed at addressing fiscal stress within a city. Through the lens of events in Flint, Michigan, and the usurpation of democratically elected ...

Topic: Political and Economic history of UK and US
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Weak Solutions to the Stochastic Porous Media Equation via Kolmogorov Equations: The Degenerate Case

A stochastic version of the porous medium equation with coloured noise is studied. The corresponding Kolmogorov equation is solved in the space $L^2(H,ν)$ where $ν$ is an infinitesimally excessive measure. Then a weak solution is constructed.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of the effect of weight loss through bariatric surgery on depression

Bariatric surgery results in significant improvement in health related quality of life and depressive symptoms irrespective of the wide range of weight change. This experiment was planned to assess the incidence of depression in obese respondents and to analyse the change in depression after weight loss through bariatric surgery. To analyse the incidence of depression in obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery and the significance of change in depression status after weight loss. The study was conducted in a multispecialty hospital having obesity clinic and bariatric surgery unit. The depression level before the study and at six months post surgery was assessed using a standard tool named Beck’s inventory. Study period was from 2015 to 2017. Respondents having BMI of 33-50 Kg/m belonging to both the genders in the age range of 18-65 years. The respondents having BMI more than 50Kg/m were excluded in this study. 18 respondents who underwent bariatric surgery were included in the study. Percentage distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Paired t test were the tools utilised in statistical analysis of the data. Schedule to assess change in nutritional status using a structured questionnaire considering anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary parameters, and standard tool named Beck’s Depression Inventory, which is a tool for depression status. The surgery patients had initial Beck Score ranging from 1 to 14 indicating mild depression which on follow up reduced to 0 to 7. The weight loss in both genders were similar to each other. The change in intake of nutrients and the scores of depression were more prominent in men than that of women. Respondents pre operatively had mild mood disturbances which after weight loss, became a normal mood. Thus it can be concluded that weight loss through bariatric surgery is effective in reducing depression.

Topic: Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Industrial Structure and Employment Structure Coordination In Viet Nam

A coordinated development between industrial structure and employment structure is indeed an important problem in every country. A reasonable industrial structure can promote the benign development of employment structure, the quality of employment structure has laid a solid foundation for the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. This paper uses discrete ratios of structure and the coordination coefficients of the industrial structure and employment structure to calculate Vietnam's industry structure and employment structure coordination for the period of 1995-2013. The results have shown that the Vietnamese industry structure and employment structure from 1995 to 2013 is in a state of imbalance. The overall coordination is bad. Coordination coefficients are showing obvious changes in volatility. Keywords: Industrial structure, Employment structure, Coordinate analysis

Topic: Economic Zones and Regional Development
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Reg-1α Promotes Differentiation of Cortical Progenitors via Its N-Terminal Active Domain

Reg-1α belongs to the Reg family of small, secreted proteins expressed in both pancreas and nervous system. Reg-1α is composed of two domains, an insoluble C-type lectin domain and a short soluble N-terminal peptide, which is released from the molecule upon proteolytic N-terminal processing, although the biological significance of this proteolysis remains unclear. We have previously shown that binding of Reg-1α to its receptor Extl3 stimulates axonal outgrowth. Reg-1α and Extl3 genes are expressed in the developing cortex but their expression decreases in adulthood, pointing to a possible function of this signaling system at the early developmental stages. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant Reg-1α increases migration and differentiation of cultured embryonic rat telencephalic progenitors via the activation of GSK-3β activity. In vivo overexpression of Reg-1α by in utero electroporation, has a similar effect, favoring premature differentiation of cortical progenitors. Notably, the N-terminal soluble domain, but not the C-type lectin domain, is largely responsible for Reg-1α effects on cortical neuronal differentiation. We thus conclude that Reg-1α via its proteolytically generated N-terminal domain is required for basic development processes.

Topic: Apelin-related biomedical research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Randomly Flipped Chip based signal power authentication for GNSS civilian signals

Abstract The navigation signal authentication schemes protect GNSS services from spoofing attacks by attaching unforgeable information to signals. In this study, Randomly Flipped Chip based Signal Power Authentication (RFC‐SPA), is proposed to jointly authenticate the navigation message and spreading code of GNSS civilian signals. Designed to support two modes of authentication (fast channel and slow channel), the proposed scheme employs a fixed amount of flipped chips, which are randomly distributed in some areas of the spreading code to form a relative fluctuation in the correlation result of the signal. The fast channel is a spreading code authentication (SCA) of these flipped chips, which is the same as the Chimera. In the slow channel, since the correlation results between the local periodical spreading code and the signal in areas with flipped chips will be smaller than those results in areas without flipped chips, receivers in the tracking correlation can extract this fluctuation. Since the fluctuation modulates a digital signature, receivers can verify the authenticity of both the navigation message and spreading code through the authentication of this digital signature. Compared with mainstream schemes, RFC‐SPA requires no extra tracking channel and has no impact on the navigation message. Besides, the proposed scheme maintains a similar robustness and security performance while significantly reducing the storage requirement compared with SCA. The scheme is demonstrated in a proposed implementation for Beidou B1C civilian signal, and the performance metrics are analysed. In the proposed implementation, the detection possibility is higher than 99.7% at 35dBHz of C/N 0 , and only 33.6% of the storage is required compared with the suggested configuration of the Chimera scheme for the GPS L1C civilian signal.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sexually Induced Orgasm to Improve Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Sexual Function in Primiparous Women After Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Randomized Two-Arm Study

Abstract Background Postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction is known to affect the quality of life of women and the methods to treat it are more complex with majority requiring training under supervision. Aim To compare the efficacy of sexually induced orgasm along with Kegels exercises versus Kegels exercises alone as a treatment method to enhance postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function in primiparous women undergoing uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. Methods The prospective randomized two-arm study was conducted on sexually active primiparous women who had undergone uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. Those with risk factors for female sexual dysfunction and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction were excluded. Participants in Group 1 were advised daily Kegel's exercises, whereas, those in Group 2 were advised to initiate self-initiated/partnered sexual activity-induced orgasms along with daily Kegel's exercises. Their pelvic floor muscle strength on voluntary contraction, ability to relax pelvic floor voluntarily, and sexual function (using FSFI-6) were assessed monthly for 6 months and the analysis was done using G* Power software (© 2021 Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany). Main Outcome Measure Postpartum pelvic floor strength and sexual function in 2 groups of women under study. Results The study period was from January 2020 to December 2020. The Group 1 had 26 participants (mean age 29.69 ± 2.2 years) and Group 2 had 29 participants (mean age 30.07 ± 2.57 years). The sexual function as well as ability to relax pelvic floor were significantly better in Group 2 compared to Group 1 at each monthly intervals whereas strength of pelvic floor muscles during voluntary contraction was significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 at the end of 6 months and it was statistically significant at a P value of .05. Clinical Implications Novel method of using naturally occurring sexually induced orgasms for postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation can revolutionize postpartum pelvic floor training in women, as it can be practiced at home with ease, along with easily performable Kegel's exercises. Strengths and Limitations Use of prospective randomization and minimization of confounding factors is the strength of the study. The small sample size is the limitation of the study. Conclusions Postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function in primiparous women who have undergone uncomplicated vaginal deliveries can be significantly improved with the addition of sexually induced orgasm as a therapeutic tool along with physical exercises such as Kegels exercises in these women.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences