jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lewis Number Effects on Flame Speed Statistics in Spherical Turbulent Premixed Flames

Abstract The influences of characteristic Lewis number $$ \hbox{Le} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext></mml:math> on the statistics of density-weighted displacement speed and consumption speed in spherically expanding turbulent premixed flames have been analysed using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations data for $$ \hbox{Le} = 0.8 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> , 1.0 and 1.2 under statistically similar flow conditions. It has been found that the extents of flame wrinkling and burning increase with decreasing $$ \hbox{Le} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext></mml:math> , which is reflected in increasing trends of mean and most probable values of both density-weighted displacement and consumption speed. Moreover, in all cases the marginal probability density functions of density-weighted displacement speed show finite probabilities of obtaining negative values, whereas consumption speed remains deterministically positive. The strain rate and curvature dependences of scalar gradient and temperature have been found to be strongly dependent on $$ \hbox{Le} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext></mml:math> , and these statistics, along with the interrelation between strain rate and curvature, influence the local strain rate and curvature responses of consumption speed and both reaction and normal diffusion components of density-weighted displacement speed. Density-weighted displacement speed and curvature have been found to be negatively correlated, whereas positive correlations are obtained between density-weighted displacement speed and tangential strain rate for all flames considered here. The positive correlation between temperature and curvature arising from differential diffusion of heat and mass in the $$ \hbox{Le} = 0.8 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> case induces a positive correlation between consumption speed and curvature, whereas these correlations are negative in the $$ \hbox{Le} = 1.2 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Le</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> flame. The statistical behaviour of density-weighted displacement speed has been utilised to demonstrate that Damköhler’s first hypothesis does not strictly hold for spherically expanding turbulent premixed flames.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Max Gluckman

Max (Herman) Gluckman (b. 1911–d. 1975) was a South African who became a pathbreaking British social anthropologist. In his studies of South and Central African societies he realized how deeply the colonial regimes and the global economy affected every aspect of peoples’ lives. As director of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute in Northern Rhodesia and later as professor of social anthropology at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, he made long-term plans to study this modernity in urbanization, industrialization, and labor migration. While seeking to implement the research programs according to plan, he never prevented his colleagues and students from following their own inclinations and ideas. In the 1950s and 1960s the Manchester department assimilated and contributed to a constant flow of innovative ideas, such as the social field, social networks, the extended case study, and the analysis of social situations. It also engaged in several new areas and fields of study, such as rural and urban communities and industrial organizations in England and Wales, and the adaptation of new immigrants to various social formations in Israel. The lively and sometimes even aggressive propagation of the new ideas of the Manchester network induced anthropologists in other departments to refer, jokingly at first, to a Manchester School of Anthropology. Discussions about whether such a school ever existed continue to this day.

Topic: Anthropological Studies and Insights
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic variability of somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of sugar beet breeding lines.

Genetic variability of callus initiation and plant regeneration has been investigated among three sugar beet genotypes. It was found that TDZ has a genotype-independent effect on callus initiation and is responsible for more than a two-fold increase in the friable callus induction rate and more than a three-fold increase in the shoot regeneration rate from this callus. Along with the genotype-independent organogenesis, regeneration from callus occasionally went through the process of somatic embryogenesis in a highly genotype-specific manner. Despite fast and uncontrollable conversion of embryos to normal plants, it was possible to select and maintain repetitive embryogenic culture without loosing regeneration and root formation capabilities. Extensive experimenting with medium composition and culture conditions resulted in an optimal medium for maintenance of repetitive embryos. Comparing with BAP, low concentrations of TDZ provide higher level of adventitious shoot formation and do not induce vitrification of tissues.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of a Functional Role of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum Isocitrate Lyase in Desiccation Tolerance

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean. In previous studies, transcriptomic profiling of B. japonicum USDA110, grown under various environmental conditions, revealed the highly induced gene aceA, encoding isocitrate lyase (ICL). The ICL catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate in the glyoxylate bypass of the TCA cycle. Here, we evaluated the functional role of B. japonicum ICL under desiccation-induced stress conditions. We purified AceA (molecular mass = 65 kDa) from B. japonicum USDA110, using a His-tag and Ni-NTA column approach, and confirmed its ICL enzyme activity. The aceA mutant showed higher sensitivity to desiccation stress (27% relative humidity (RH)), compared to the wild type. ICL activity of the wild type strain increased approximately 2.5-fold upon exposure to 27% RH for 24 h. The aceA mutant also showed an increased susceptibility to salt stress. Gene expression analysis of aceA using qRT-PCR revealed a 148-fold induction by desiccation, while other genes involved in the glyoxylate pathway were not differentially expressed in this condition. Transcriptome analyses revealed that stress-related genes, such as chaperones, were upregulated in the wild-type under desiccating conditions, even though fold induction was not dramatic (ca. 1.5–2.5-fold).

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CHAPTER 10: The Integrated Management Concept in the Context of Soilborne Pathogens and Soil Disinfestation

The special features of soilborne pathogens with regard to their biology, ecology, and survival in the soil present both difficulties and options for their management. Briefly, the pathogen's existence in the soil makes the application of control measures very difficult, necessitating the use of drastic and soil-penetrating measures, such as fumigants or heat, which are expensive to use and may have adverse effects on beneficial organisms and the environment. On the plus side, the existence of pathogen inoculum in the soil prior to planting enables the farmer to predict the expected disease level and make decisions accordingly, such as whether to use soil disinfestation to eradicate it. Many soilborne pathogens have multiple mechanisms of survival and dissemination, resulting in multiple sources of inoculum, all of which must be identified and managed to ensure soil and crop health. The soil inoculum of soilborne pathogens is not the only source of infestation and in some cases is not even the major one. Aside from the soil in which they live, the various sources of inoculum include infested propagation material; contaminated water; spreading of infested soil; insects and animals; and inoculum adhering to the greenhouse structure, weeds, and other hosts; as well as aerial propagules produced on the canopy of plants and spread in the air.

Topic: Plant Disease Management Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Representation Learning from Limited Educational Data with Crowdsourced Labels

Representation learning has been proven to play an important role in the unprecedented success of machine learning models in numerous tasks, such as machine translation, face recognition and recommendation. The majority of existing representation learning approaches often require a large number of consistent and noise-free labels. However, due to various reasons such as budget constraints and privacy concerns, labels are very limited in many real-world scenarios. Directly applying standard representation learning approaches on small labeled data sets will easily run into over-fitting problems and lead to sub-optimal solutions. Even worse, in some domains such as education, the limited labels are usually annotated by multiple workers with diverse expertise, which yields noises and inconsistency in such crowdsourcing settings. In this paper, we propose a novel framework which aims to learn effective representations from limited data with crowdsourced labels. Specifically, we design a grouping based deep neural network to learn embeddings from a limited number of training samples and present a Bayesian confidence estimator to capture the inconsistency among crowdsourced labels. Furthermore, to expedite the training process, we develop a hard example selection procedure to adaptively pick up training examples that are misclassified by the model. Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world data sets demonstrate the superiority of our framework on learning representations from limited data with crowdsourced labels, comparing with various state-of-the-art baselines. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis on each of the main components of our proposed framework and also introduce the promising results it achieved in our real production to fully understand the proposed framework.

Topic: Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Confronting climate crisis : a framework for understanding the criteria for addressing dangerous climate change

Despite wide acknowledgement of the threats from human-induced climate change to
human societies and the wider ecosystem, no comprehensive long-term global agreement
to tackle the problem has yet been reached to replace the Kyoto Protocol. In arguing for a
replacement, evaluative claims are often made that certain policy proposals are more
environmentally effective, equitable or efficient than others. However, these three dominant
criteria are subject to a range of interpretations, and can come into conflict with one
another. This limits their use for guiding policy. Philosophy can and should play a role in
scrutinising alternative conceptions, their justifications and assumptions, and help develop
justifiable formulations of the criteria. Existing philosophical contributions have focused
on aspects of the equity criterion, but have largely overlooked the other two criteria and
have not considered how they should be prioritised overall. This thesis, for the first time,
considers and proposes an ordering of these three criteria (focusing on mitigation), drawing
on a Green Economic conceptual framework. This places ecological effectiveness first,
defining the ecological limits of economic greenhouse gas-emitting activity; equity is then
applied second, to define equitable resource sharing of the emissions space; and efficiency
last, to imply genuinely efficient use of emissions space in contributing to equitable human
well-being. The thesis then examines in detail how each criterion should be interpreted
within this context, so that they are mutually consistent. As well as offering a set of ordered
evaluative criteria for a climate change mitigation agreement, it aims to highlight the role
of the conventional political-economic framework in climate policy debates and draw out
the hidden conceptual and ethical assumptions it imports. This thesis also, therefore, aims
to further the development of Green Economic thinking and show its relevance to the
current substantial threat of dangerous anthropogenic climate change.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
On learning-based methods for design-space exploration with high-level synthesis

This paper makes several contributions to address the challenge of supervising HLS tools for design space exploration (DSE). We present a study on the application of learning-based methods for the DSE problem, and propose a learning model for HLS that is superior to the best models described in the literature. In order to speedup the convergence of the DSE process, we leverage transductive experimental design, a technique that we introduce for the first time to the CAD community. Finally, we consider a practical variant of the DSE problem, and present a solution based on randomized selection with strong theory guarantee.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Laparo-endoscopic single site hysterectomy in gynecologic surgery.

Laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) surgery has recently gained broader acceptance as a less-invasive approach to traditional multi-port laparoscopic procedures. LESS hysterectomy represents the gynecologic surgeon's progression toward this goal of performing minimally invasive hysterectomy procedures through increasingly fewer incisions. Although this procedure offers improved cosmesis and potentially decreased post-operative pain, there are also many challenges to adoption of this surgical procedure. LESS hysterectomy is associated with a steep learning curve and the need for the gynecologic surgeon to adopt new technologies and develop a new set of surgical skills. Following the basic principles of LESS surgery is essential for the gynecologic surgeon to safely and efficiently adopt this surgical procedure. Advances in surgical instrumentation will continue to allow surgeons to perform increasingly complex LESS surgical procedures in the future.

Topic: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Two instruments for evaluating pain and stress experienced by premature infants: the newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (NIPE) index vs. the premature infant pain profile (PIPP)

Objective: To determine the concordance between the results obtained by the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) with those of the newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (NIPE) index.Methods: This transversal study was conducted to assess and compare two diagnostic tests, the PIPP and the NIPE index.Using a prospective cohort composed of 142 records of very low birth weight infants, with gestational age 27-37 weeks.The data thus obtained were then subjected to an analysis of concordance to assess the value of the PIPP and the NIPE index as diagnostic tests.Results: For the newborns aged 30 weeks or less, the mean values and the interquartile range were lower than for the more mature newborns, according to the NIPE index.The mean PIPP score was significantly higher for the newborns aged over 30 weeks than for those with a lower gestational age.The NIPE index was measured at baseline and at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after the painful stimulus.These scores decreased during the first 5 minutes after the intervention.However, at 20 minutes, while the scores for the more mature newborns had returned to their baseline values, no such recovery was observed in the newborns aged less than 30 weeks. Conclusions:The NIPE index is useful for assessing acute pain in the premature newborn.However, its reference values should be adapted to reflect the gestational age of the newborn.We think it is a useful tool in the care of the premature newborn.

Topic: Infant Health and Development
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Russia's Skinheads: Exploring and Rethinking Subcultural Lives

Russia’s Skinheads: Exploring and Rethinking Subcultural Lives provides a thorough examination of the phenomenon of skinheads, explaining its nature and its significance, and assessing how far Russian skinhead subculture is the ‘lumpen’ end of the extreme nationalist ideological spectrum. There are large numbers of skinheads in Russia, responsible for a significant number of xenophobic attacks, including 97 deaths in 2008 alone, making this book relevant to Russian specialists as well as to sociologists of youth subculture. It provides a practical example of how to investigate youth subculture in depth over an extended period – in this case through empirical research following a specific group over six years – and goes on to argue that Russian skinhead subculture is not a direct import from the West, and that youth cultural practices should not be reduced to expressions of consumer choice. It presents an understanding of the Russian skinhead as a product of individuals’ whole, and evolving, lives, and thereby compels sociologists to rethink how they conceive the nature of subcultures.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
QT dispersion and transmural dispersion of repolarization in patients with familial Mediterranean fever

Journal Article QT dispersion and transmural dispersion of repolarization in patients with familial Mediterranean fever Get access Ahmet Akcay, Ahmet Akcay Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, TurkeyKSU Tıp Fakültesi, Hanefi Oksuz Kardiyoloji Hastanesi, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Correspondence to: Ahmet Akcay, KSU Tıp Fakültesi, Hanefi Oksuz Kardiyoloji Hastanesi, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey e-mail: dr.akcay@yahoo.com.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gurkan Acar, Gurkan Acar Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mehmet Sayarlioglu, Mehmet Sayarlioglu Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Abdullah Sokmen, Abdullah Sokmen Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hakan Kaya, Hakan Kaya Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Murat Ispiroglu, Murat Ispiroglu Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sedat Koroglu Sedat Koroglu Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Modern Rheumatology, Volume 19, Issue 5, 1 October 2009, Pages 550–555, https://doi.org/10.3109/s10165-009-0196-7 Published: 01 October 2009 Article history Received: 25 February 2009 Accepted: 12 June 2009 Published: 01 October 2009

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Recognition and Redistribution in Aristotle’s Account of Stasis

Abstract In Politics 5.1–3, Aristotle sees different conceptions of proportional equality and justice as the fundamental causes of stasis and metabolē (constitutional change). His account shows what happens to notions of ‘particular’ justice when they become causes of individual and collective action in pursuit of moral and political revolution. The whole discussion of the causes of stasis should be read through the filter of individual/group motivation – as a reflection of what goes on in the heads of those who engage in stasis . Movements towards political change are motivated by ingrained conceptions of proportional equality and fair distribution of honour and wealth. Aristotle’s approach, therefore, may be compared to Axel Honneth’s, that social justice should be seen in terms of the distribution of dignity and respect as well as of material resources.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of telomeres and centromeres in meiotic chromosome pairing

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FarmApp: a new assessment of cognitive control and memory for children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties

We introduce a new touchscreen-based method measuring aspects of cognitive control and memory, in children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties, including intellectual disability (ID). FarmApp is a gamified, tablet-based assessment tool measuring go/no-go response speed, response inhibition, visuospatial short-term memory span, and long-term memory. Here, we assessed the feasibility, validity, and utility of the method, including the benefits of measuring change in performance over two weeks. We observed that: 1) a higher proportion of participants completed FarmApp than traditional psychometric tests; 2) this proportion increased when participants had opportunity for two weeks of self-paced testing at home; 3) ADHD-relevant behavioral difficulties were associated with average go/no-go performance across all attempts, and change in go/no-go performance over time, indicating sensitivity of the method to cognitive differences with real-world relevance. We also addressed the potential utility of the FarmApp for exploring links between ID etiology and cognitive processes. We observed differences in go/no-go task between two groups of ID participants stratified by the physiological functions of associated genetic variants (chromatin-related and synaptic-related). Moreover, the synaptic group demonstrated higher degree of improvement in go/no-go performance over time. This outcome is potentially informative of dynamic mechanisms contributing to cognitive difficulties within this group. In sum, FarmApp is a feasible, valid, and useful tool increasing access to cognitive assessment for individuals with neurodevelopmental difficulties of variable severity, with an added opportunity to monitor variation in performance over time and determine capacity to acquire task competence.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences