jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Synthesis of Germanium Nanorods

A colloidal synthesis of crystalline germanium (Ge) nanorods is reported. Diphenylgermane (DPG) is decomposed in a high boiling solvent in the presence of bismuth (Bi) nanocrystals and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The Bi nanocrystals induce solution−liquid−solid (SLS) growth of the Ge nanorods, and TOPO serves as a capping ligand to prevent aggregation. The resulting nanorods are crystalline, predominantly growing in the ⟨111⟩ crystallographic direction, with an average diameter of 10 nm. The average length could be varied from 60 to 170 nm by decreasing the ratio of Bi to Ge in the reaction. The addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) /hexadecene (PVP/HDE) copolymer led to branched nanorods.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data_Sheet_2_Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of Sophora Species: Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Early-Diverging Legume Subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae).XLSX

&lt;p&gt;The taxonomy and evolutionary history of Sophora L., a genus with high economic and medicinal value, remain uncertain due to the absence of genetic resource (especially in China) and low polymorphism of molecular markers. Our aim was to elucidate the molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships in chloroplast genomes of Sophora species in the early-diverging legume subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae). We reported nine Sophora chloroplast genome from China using Illumina sequencing. We performed a series of analyses with previously published genomes of Sophora species to investigate their genomic characteristics, identified simple sequence repeats, large repeat sequences, tandem repeats, and highly polymorphic loci. The genomes were 152,953–158,087 bp in length, and contained 111–113 unique genes, including 76–78 protein coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA. The expansion of inverted repeat boundary of Sophora resulted in rps12 entering into the LSC region and loss of trnT-CGU gene in some species. Also, we found an approximately 23 kb inversion between trnC-GCA and trnF-GAA within the genus. In addition, we identified seven highly polymorphic loci (pi (π) &gt; 0.035) suitable for inferring the phylogeny of Sophora species. Among these, three regions also co-occurred with large repeat sequences and support use of repeats as a proxy for the identification of polymorphic loci. Based on whole chloroplast genome and protein-coding sequences data-set, a well-supported phylogenetic tree of Sophora and related taxa showed that this genus is monophyletic, but sect. Disamaea and sect. Sophora, are incongruent with traditional taxonomic classifications based on fruit morphology. Our finding provides significant genetic resources to support further investigation into the phylogenetic relationship and evolution of the genus Sophora.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Less Invasive Fixation of Acute Avulsions of the Achilles Tendon: A Technical Note

Purpose: Nowadays, surgical treatment of acute avulsions of the Achilles tendon represents a hard challenge. There is often the possibility that the calcaneus remains completely uncovered from the tendon, making the reinsertion of its distal stub complex. At the same time, the standard open surgical technique could cause difficult wound healing because of the weak blood supply, the increasing possibility of rupture, and the bacterial contamination. To overcome these risks, less invasive procedures should be considered. Methods: We developed an innovative minimally invasive procedure for fixation of acute avulsions of the Achilles tendon employing an integration of four longitudinal stab incisions and one distal semicircular Cincinnati incision. In this way, the distal Achilles tendon stub and the calcaneal insertion are exhibited. Results: We basted the tendon through percutaneous sutures performed across the four stab incisions with a Mayo needle threaded with Ultrabraid. The procedure is repeated with another loop of Ultrabraid. After having bruised the calcaneus bone insertion of the tendon, two sites for two suture anchors were prepared using a specific hole preparation device for the anchors’ footprint. Finally, we placed two suture anchors to reinsert the tendon to the calcaneal insertion. Conclusion: Our new less invasive technique is a promising alternative optional procedure for the Achilles tendon (AT) avulsion repair allowing clear exposure of the Achilles tendon insertion, maintaining the longitudinal wholeness of the dermis, and minimizing possible associated complications.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nanoparticle Synthesis via Counterion-collapsed Polyelectrolyte Nanoreactors

We report a facile method to synthesize a wide range of nanoparticles via polyelectrolyte nanoreactors. The nanoreactors are formed through ion-induced collapse of highly extended, high molecular weight anionic polyelectrolytes using metal salts. The formation of compact polyelectrolyte globular nanoreactors containing metal counterions is indirectly observed through viscosity measurements. The small size of the nanoreactors was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) as ~ 10 nm in diameter. By subjecting the nanoreactors to conditions that transform the counterions into inorganic nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte-encapsulated nanoparticles were formed. Depending on the metal salt used, this method can be used to produce a wide range of nanoparticles, including metals, metal oxides, complex semiconductors, and doped systems. As a case study, Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using this method and characterization data is presented.

Topic: Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of H-plane waveguide discontinuities with an improved finite-difference time domain algorithm

A finite-difference time domain scheme for the analysis of H-plane waveguide discontinuities is described. The two-dimensional treatment of this kind of discontinuities and the use of a non-monochromatic excitation allow us to develop an efficient algorithm with a low demand of computer resources. The method is tested by comparing the numerical results for a right corner bend and a T-junction, the choice of the absorbing boundary conditions is discussed for each case.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling Fragile X Syndrome: Characterizing Fmr1 Gene Knockout Mice across Genotype, Behavior, and Morphology

A BSTRACT Objective: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a hereditary condition resulting from dynamic mutations in the Fmr1 gene, leading to reduced or absent fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Although molecular genetic diagnostics for FXS have advanced, there is currently a lack of effective clinical treatment. Hence, identifying a suitable FXS animal model is crucial for FXS therapeutic studies. This study primarily aims to evaluate whether Fmr1 mice display aberrant behaviors similar to those observed in human FXS patients, aiming to validate their feasibility as a model for FXS. Research Design and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were employed to genotype Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Golgi staining, testicular and dendritic spine morphology in both animal groups was observed. The animals were subjected to audiogenic seizure (AGS) observation, evaluating their learning and memory levels using the water maze and light avoidance methods, while their exploratory behavior capacity was assessed using the open-field and autonomous activity experiments. Anxiety behavior was evaluated using the elevated plus maze. Results: WT mice produced a 500 bp DNA fragment, while KO mice yielded an 800 bp fragment. KO mice exhibited a lack of FMRP expression, notably increased dendritic spine length and density, and presented with macroorchidism. KO mice showed increased susceptibility to AGS. In the Morris water maze experiment, KO mice displayed significantly increased escape latency and platform crossings. The spatial search experiment revealed that KO mice spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared to WT mice. The light-avoidance and platform experiments indicated a significant reduction in latency for KO mice but an increase in errors. In the open-field experiment, KO mice spent significantly more time and made more entries into the central zone compared to WT mice. KO mice exhibited increased total travel distance and speed. The elevated plus maze experiment showed that KO mice spent significantly more time, made more entries, and traveled further in the open area compared to WT mice. The autonomous activity experiment revealed that KO mice had significantly more activity counts than WT mice but fewer standing counts. Conclusions: Findings from genotype, protein expression spectrum, morphology, and behavioral results suggest that Fmr1 gene KO mice demonstrate phenotypes similar to those observed in human FXS, making them a potential model for future FXS research. These phenotypes are associated with the absence of FMRP expression.

Topic: Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification of causes and mitigation measures of construction fall accidents of class a and class b contractors in Shah Alam area / Normadiana Mohammad Hanapi … [et al.]

The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries. It is because those who spend their working lives on construction sites have a higher probability of being killed at workplace. Based on the statistics issued by the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) Malaysia, the number of fatality and&#13;\npermanent disablement cases due to fall accidents at the construction sites is one of the highest rates as compared to other sector. Therefore, this research is intends to identify the cause and safety measure of construction fall accidents in Shah Alam construction sites because there are a lot of high rise buildings&#13;\nproject in this state. This study is carried out by doing literature review and getting feedback through questionnaires. In order to find out cause and mitigation measure of fall accident at the construction site, this study used SPSS test such as Spearman's Rho to analyze the data. The finding of this study indicates that&#13;\n"poor safety altitude and behavior of workers" are the main problems in obstructing the implementation of safety procedures and guidelines for construction sites. The responses from the survey also show that "sufficient safety training" and "equipments for working at height" are the adoptable mitigation measure to enhance the workers' safety performance. It is believed that appointing the competent person in inspection and maintenance works and by applying risk assessment in identifying fall hazards could reduce the number of fall accidents.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The biofilm hypothesis: The formation mechanism of Tibetan kefir grains

The anatomical structure of Tibetan kefir grains ( TKG s), and the monosaccharides and characteristics of the exopolysaccharides ( EPS ) under different conditions were explored. Tibetan kefir grains are internal vesicle‐like grains containing liquid polysaccharides, and these proliferate in an ‘umbilical cord'‐like manner. Lactic acid bacteria are located on the outside and acetic acid bacteria on the inner surface of the TKG s. Biofilms of Acetobacter orientalis and the TKG s showed that they had similar monosaccharide compositions. The apparent viscosity of the EPS positively correlated with the polysaccharide concentration and negatively correlated with the shear rate. A biofilm hypothesis of the TKG formation mechanism was proposed.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
What are Temporal Structures?

Temporal structure, a key notion in this book, is defined as a patterned organization of time, used by humans to help them manage, comprehend or coordinate their use of time. The objective of this chapter is to provide a theoretical overview for understanding the role temporal structures play in personal time management practices. This chapter discusses how temporal structures are aligned with personal temporal constraints and how to understand the impact of these structures on personal productivity. This chapter first introduces the concept of temporal structure and its relationship to individual time management practices. Individual temporal experiences contain many different forms of temporal structures, which can be either explicit or implicit. A good example of explicit temporal structures is a deadline, which most individuals write on their personal calendar tools. An example of implicit temporal structure is an informal project meeting with a small group, which is not publically announced and is only known internally.

Topic: Team Dynamics and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figures 1 through 8 from Identification of Transmembrane Protein 98 as a Novel Chemoresistance-Conferring Gene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 924K, Supplementary Figure 1: Morphology and growth curves of MHCC97L, MHCC97L/CisR and MHCC97L/DoxR cells. Supplementary Figure 2: In vivo growth rate of MHCC97L, MHCC97L/CisR and MHCC97L/DoxR cells in nude mice. Supplementary Figure 3: Experimental flow for identification of chemoresistant targets. Supplementary Figure 4: Expression profiles of candidate genes in chemoresistant cells. Supplementary Figure 5: The persistence of TMEM98 expression after drug treatment. Supplementary Figure 6: The expression level of TMEM98 after transfection of TMEM98 siRNA. Supplementary Figure 7: MTT cytotoxic assay of PLC-pcDNA3.1 and PLC-TMEM98 cells in cisplatin or doxorubicin treatment. Supplementary Figure 8: MTT cytotoxic assay of MHCC97L-pcDNA3.1 and MHCC97L-TMEM98 cells under the treatment of sorafenib.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Impaired Self-Renewal and Increased Colitis and Dysplastic Lesions in Colonic Mucosa of AKR1B8-Deficient Mice

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a serious health issue, but etiopathological factors remain unclear. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is specifically expressed in the colonic epithelium, but downregulated in colorectal cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the etiopathogenic role of AKR1B10 in ulcerative colitis and CAC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Ulcerative colitis and CAC biopsies (paraffin-embedded sections) and frozen tissues were collected to examine AKR1B10 expression. Aldo-keto reductase 1B8 (the ortholog of human AKR1B10) knockout (&lt;i&gt;AKR1B8&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt;) mice were produced to estimate its role in the susceptibility and severity of chronic colitis and associated dysplastic lesions, induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) at a low dose (2%). Genome-wide exome sequencing was used to profile DNA damage in DSS-induced colitis and tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; AKR1B10 expression was markedly diminished in over 90% of ulcerative colitis and CAC tissues. AKR1B8 deficiency led to reduced lipid synthesis from butyrate and diminished proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. The DSS-treated &lt;i&gt;AKR1B8&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice demonstrated impaired injury repair of colonic epithelium and more severe bleeding, inflammation, and ulceration. These &lt;i&gt;AKR1B8&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice had more severe oxidative stress and DNA damage, and dysplasias were more frequent and at a higher grade in the &lt;i&gt;AKR1B8&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice than in wild-type mice. Palpable masses were seen in the &lt;i&gt;AKR1B8&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice only, not in wild-type.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; AKR1B8 is a critical protein in the proliferation and injury repair of the colonic epithelium and in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and CAC, being a new etiopathogenic factor of these diseases. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1466–76. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Aldose Reductase and Taurine
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fundamental Study of Simple Gas Adsorption and Adsorption-Induced Deformation in Carbonaceous Materials

This thesis has presented a fundamental study of simple gas adsorption and adsorption-induced deformation in carbonaceous materials including both graphite and porous carbon. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to obtain the behaviours of adsorption and adsorption-induced solid deformation that are comparable to experimental studies including the adsorption isotherm, the strain isotherm and the isosteric heat, as well as the relevant microscopic properties that facilitate the understanding of underlying mechanisms.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of Background Illumination Influence on Accuracy of Measurements Performed on Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine Equipped with Video Probe

Currently the Coordinate Measuring Technique is facing new challenges both in terms of used methodology and a speed of measurement. More and more often modern optical systems or multisensor systems replace classic solutions. Measurement performed using the optical system is more vulnerable to incorrect points acquisition due to such factors as an inadequate focus or parameters of applied illumination. This article examines the effect of an increasing illumination on the measurement result. A glass reference plate with marked circles and a hole plate standard were used for the measurements performed on a multi-sensor machine Zeiss O’ Inspect 442. The experiment consisted of measurements of standard objects with different values of the backlight at the maximum magnification. Such approach allows to assess the influence of controlled parameter on errors of diameter and form measurements as well as an uncertainty of measurements by determination of ellipses of point repeatability. The analysis of the obtained results shows that increasing backlight mainly affects the result of the diameter measurement.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Certain immunohaematological changes after in-vitro exposure to low power helium-neon laser

The authors studied certain immunohaematological parameters after exposure of human blood sample to low power (7 mW) helium-neon laser radiation. Fresh human blood samples were used for the study, and the parameters studied included, hemoglobin, electrophoresis, quantification of serum immunoglobulins, soluble immune complex levels, blood grouping, and candida phagocytosis by neutrophils. Results show that there is no significant change after irradiation except changes in the electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin and hemolysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Output regulated one-switch three-phase boost and boost-buck (SEPIC) PFC rectifiers

This conference paper was published in the IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, POWERCON 2016; Wollongong; Australia; 28 September 2016 through 1 October 2016 [© 2016 IEEE] and the definite version is available at : http://doi.org/10.1109/POWERCON.2016.7754065 The Journal's website is at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7754065/

Topic: Advanced DC-DC Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energy transfer within the isolated light‐harvesting chlorophyll<i>a/b</i>protein of photosystem II (LHC‐II)

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy has been used to study energy transfer within the isolated light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex of photosystem II (LHC‐II). The results suggest: (i) a fast transfer (τ = 6 ± 4 ps) from chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a , (ii) during the lifetime of the chlorophyll b excited state there is no transfer of excitation energy between differently oriented molecules of chlorophyll b , (iii) a fast redistribution (τ = 20 ps) of excitation energy between different chlorophyll a chromophores.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Table 3 from An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 3. Protein expression correlated to TTF1 expression in PROSPECT.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[A simple method for the comparative evaluation of the rate of reparative synthesis in cultured mammalian cells].

A sensitive method for estimating the rate of repair synthesis is proposed. The method is based on the capacity of long-wave UV light to inactivate cells having minor amounts of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) incorporated. This treatment is absolutely nontoxic for cells lacking BUdR. The efficacy of the treatment is achieved by sensitizing cells with a fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. The proposed method has proved to be effective in studying the repair synthesis in HeLa cells after exposure to short-wave UV light and gamma rays.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Collapse of a breast implant after mammography.

LettersJune 1990Collapse of a breast implant after mammography.Author: D R HawesAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 154, Issue 6https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.154.6.2110765 METRICS otherformats

Topic: Breast Implant and Reconstruction
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘Norm’ and ‘exception’

In this chapter, the author examines the unity between 'norm' and 'exception' as different forms of exercise of public power. He argues that both 'norm' and 'exception' are essential forms for the reproduction of bourgeois rule and that the change from one form to the other is contingent upon the intensification of socio-economic antagonisms. This argument is pursued based on an examination of the transition from the Weimar Republic to the Nazi state form, as reflected in the work of Carl Schmitt. Schmitt's work will be assessed as a unified whole in its socio-economic and political context. During the interwar period in Germany, two major changes took place: one relating to the structure of the state and the other to the theory of the state. The fundamental differences and nuances between the 'normal' and the 'exceptional' forms of exercise of public power is the point of departure of this analysis.

Topic: Political Theology and Sovereignty
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences