jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
cAMP/PKA-mediated in vitro angiogenesis: A novel interplay between PKA, RhoA/ROCK, and VEGFR2 signalling

Abstract Background and Aims Others and we have previously demonstrated that cAMP/PKA signalling stabilise endothelial cell (EC) barrier function via modulating the activities of Rho GTPases, mainly RhoA and Rac1. In the present study we analysed whether cAMP/PKA also modulates EC angiogenesis capacity and whether Rho GTPases are involved in this function. Methods The study was carried out on cultured human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). RhoA and Rac1 activities were genetically manipulated by lentiviral-mediated over expression of dominant negative (DN) and constitutive active (CA) forms of RhoA and Rac1. Pharmacologically, specific activation and inhibition of PKA was achieved by using cAMP analogue N6-Benzoyl-cAMP (5 mM) and PKI (1 µM), respectively. Pharmacologically, Rac1 was inhibited using NSC 23766 (10 µM) and RhoA was activated using Rho activator I (Cytoskeleton Inc.). In vitro angiogenesis was analysed by 3-D spheroid assay and matrigel tube formation assay. Results Pharmacologically, specific activation of PKA induced EC migration (Wound healing assay), tube formation, and 3-D spheroids and potentiated the VEGF-induced in vitro angiogenesis. These pro-angiogenesis activities were abrogated by highly specific cell-permeable peptide inhibitor (PKI) of PKA. Activation of cAMP/PKA-signalling resulted in an increased VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation, increased Rac1 activity, and a strong inhibition of RhoA/Rock pathway. Pharmacological activation of RhoA but not inhibition of Rac1 abrogated PKA-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation, tube formation and 3-D spheroids. Lentiviral mediated over-expression of constitutive active form of RhoA but not Rac1 abrogated PKA-induced VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation and angiogenesis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Akt also abrogated PKA-mediated VEGFR2 phosphorylation and angiogenesis. Likewise, over expression of either dominant negative RhoA or pharmacological inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) promoted basal and potentiated PKA-mediated VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation and angiogenesis. Conclusion We describe for the first time a novel interplay between PKA, RhoA/ROCK, Akt, and VEGFR2 signalling and angiogenesis. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK plays an important role in mediating PKA-induced angiogenesis and activation of RhoA/ROCK signalling may offer an important target to intervene therapeutic angiogenesis.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing Pain by Visually Distorting the Size of Painful Body Parts: Is There Any Therapeutic Value?

Painful conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome, phantom limb pain and low back pain may change the sense of body image, so that body parts are perceived as large, swollen, heavy or stuck in one position [1]. In 1995, Ramachandran et al. [2] reported that phantom limb pain could be relieved by creating a visual illusion whereby the amputated limb appeared to be wholly intact by reflecting a nonpainful intact limb in a mirror (i.e., using mirror visual feedback). Randomized, sham-controlled clinical trials of mirror visual feedback have confirmed the potential utility of the technique. For example, Chan et al. [3] assigned 22 patients with phantom limb pain to a 4-week course of one of the following interventions: viewing a reflected image of their intact foot in a mirror; viewing a covered mirror; or mental visualization. All patients receiving mirror visual feedback reported a decrease in pain (n = 6) compared with only one patient in the covered mirror group and two in the mental visualization group. Three patients reported worsening pain in the covered mirror group and four patients reported worsening pain in the mental visualization group. Nowadays, mirror visual feedback, often termed mirror box therapy, has been incorporated within therapeutic programs to treat painful conditions associated with alterations of body image resulting from neuropathy [4], complex regional pain syndrome [5], fibromyalgia [6] and nonspecific mechanical back pain [7].

Topic: Pain Management and Treatment
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lagrangian surfaces in $\mathbb H^2 \times \mathbb H^2$

The Riemannian product of two hyperbolic planes of constant Gaussian curvature -1 has a natural Kähler structure. In fact, it can be identified with the complex hyperbolic quadric of complex dimension two. In this paper we study Lagrangian surfaces in this manifold. We present several examples and classify the totally umbilical and totally geodesic Lagrangian surfaces, the Lagrangian surfaces with parallel second fundamental form, the minimal Lagrangian surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature and the complete minimal Lagrangian surfaces satisfying a bounding condition on an important function that can be defined on any Lagrangian surface in this particular ambient space.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The structural architecture of international industry networks in the global economy

Globalisation continuously produces novel economic relationships mediated by flows of goods, services, capital, and information between countries. The activity of multinational corporations (MNCs) has become a primary driver of globalisation, shaping these relationships through vast networks of firms and their subsidiaries. Extensive empirical research has suggested that globalisation is not a singular process, and that variation in the intensity of international economic interactions can be captured by ‘multiple globalisations’, however how this differs across industry sectors has remained unclear. This paper analyses how sectoral variation in the ‘structural architecture’ of international economic relations can be understood using a combination of social network analysis (SNA) measures based on firm-subsidiary ownership linkages. Applying an approach that combines network-level measures (Density, Clustering, Degree, Assortativity) in ways yet to be explored in the spatial networks literature, a typology of four idealised international network structures is presented to allow for comparison between sectors. All sectoral networks were found to be disassortative, indicating that international networks based on intraorganisational ties are characterised by a core-periphery structure, with professional services sectors such as Banks and Insurance being the most hierarchically differentiated. Retail sector networks, including Food &amp; Staples Retailing, are the least clustered while the two most clustered networks—Materials and Capital Goods—have also the highest average degree, evidence of their extensive globalisations. Our findings suggest that the multiple globalisations characterising international economic interactions can be better understood through the ‘structural architecture’ of sectoral variation, which result from the advantages conferred by cross-border activity within each.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Curiosities extracted from the optical theorem, causality, and reciprocity

The time-domain version of the optical theorem is discussed. The theorem relates the sum of the scattered and absorbed energies, for a plane pulse that is scattered from a bounded obstacle, to the far-field amplitude in the forward direction. Several fundamental results concerning the scattered and absorbed energies that follow from the theorem are discussed.

Topic: Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acceleration of Sparse Vector Autoregressive Modeling Using GPUs

Autoregressive modeling is a standard approach to mathematically describe the behavior of a time series. The vector autoregressive model (VAR) describes the behavior of multiple time series. The VAR modeling is a fundamental approach which has applications in multiple domains such as time series forecasting, Granger causality, system identification and stochastic control. Solving high dimensional VAR model requires the use of sparse regression techniques from machine learning. Efficient algorithms to solve the sparse regression problems are too slow to be useful in solving large high dimensional sparse VAR modeling problems. Earlier application of sparse VAR modeling in the neuroimaging domain required the use of the IBMs Blue Gene supercomputers. In this paper we describe an approach to accelerate large scale sparse VAR problems when solved using the lasso regression algorithm on state-of-the-art GPUs. Our accelerated implementation on NVIDIA GTX 1080 GPU takes a few seconds to solve the problem, reaching up to 4 TFLOPs of single-precision performance which is close to 55% of its peak matrix-multiply (GEMM) performance.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
“Don’t look down on us”

Purpose Although some research has been done with entertainment workers in KTV bars, little has been done to gain a qualitative understanding of the vulnerabilities of masseuse women. This is due to a prevalent focus on girls under 18 years, thereby excluding most masseuses. The purpose of this paper is to understand the reality of life as perceived by Phnom Penh’s female masseuses in the lower-priced massage parlors is therefore largely unknown. Design/methodology/approach In total, 98 female participants completed an interview answering both open and closed questions concerning relationships, stigma and discrimination and personal sexual abuse among other topics. Findings This study finds that many women working in the massage parlor industry are vulnerable to various threats, including sexual exploitation and abuse. Dependency structures within the massage parlor as well as with their families seem to play a key role in the life situations that can be positive as well as negative, and in some cases both. Research limitations/implications This is not a prevalence study so all figures are tentative. The women were deeply concerned that they might be stigmatized further so they may not have revealed the extent of their challenges. Practical implications More research and work with this vulnerable group is vital. They should be recognized as a vulnerable group who have rights. Social implications The findings provide a baseline evaluation of the vulnerable conditions of the massage industry for women in Cambodia. Specifically, that stigma, discrimination, physical and sexual abuse, as well as a lack of access to education are all vulnerabilities not commonly covered, especially with adult women working in the entertainment industry. Originality/value Understanding the reality of life as perceived by Phnom Penh’s female masseuses in the lower-priced massage parlors is therefore largely unknown so a study of this kind is necessary.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd Alloy Sheets Fabricated by Large Strain Hot Rolling

Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets processed by large strain hot rolling with one pass of 80% reduction at 200°C and 250°C were selected to investigate the rolling temperature effect on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets after rolling and subsequent annealing. It was found that the rolling temperatures in the present study seemed to have no obvious effect on the microstructure of Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets during large strain hot rolling process. High density of shear bands and numerous intersected twins but free of DRX grains were observed in the microstructure of both sheets. The Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets showed non-basal textures with peaks tilting to TD after annealing. While the peak intensity of (0002) pole figure increased as the rolling temperature decreasing. Tensile testing results revealed that the Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets rolled at both temperature displayed high room temperature ductility about 40% after annealing, which is due to the existence of non-basal texture.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New transformation techniques for performance analysis of SC over correlated Rayleigh fading channels

This paper presents an approach to determine the bit error rate of selection combiners over correlated Rayleigh fading channels with an arbitrary covariance matrix. Our approach relies on a linear transformation technique to convert correlated Rayleigh fading signals into uncorrelated ones. The proposed analysis technique can be used for any number of correlated Rayleigh fading signals with balanced and unbalanced signal power. Based on our proposed approach the effects of diversity order, branch separation, and branch imbalance on the error performance are obtained which is not available in the previous literature.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kyoto mechanisms: the role of joint implementation, the clean development mechanism and emissions trading in reducing greenhouse gas emissions

This study analyses the potential role and impact of the Kyoto Mechanisms - i.e. joint implementation, the clean development mechanism and emissions trading - in meeting the commitments of Annex I countries to limit their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the period 2008-2012. It is based on a quantitative analysis that covers all GHGs, all Kyoto Mechanisms and all major countries and regions of the world within an integrated, bottom-up model framework. The role and impact of the Kyoto Mechanisms in limiting GHG emissions depend on a large variety of factors, notably (a) national differences in emission reduction requirements, potentials and costs, and (b) the specific characteristics of each Kyoto Mechanism - including its relative advantages and disadvantages - as determined by the specific guidelines, rules and procedures regarding its operation. These factors are discussed in the first, qualitative part of the report. The second, quantitative part analyses the trade and cost effects of the Kyoto Mechanisms for a large variety of countries and regions of the world. It shows that these effects may be very substantial. If Kyoto Mechanisms may be used unrestrictedly, Annex I countries will meet, on average, 70 to 90% of their reduction requirements by means of foreign transactions. As a result, global abatement costs will tumble from 76 billion US$ 'before trade' to 1.5-10 billion US$ 'after trade' (i.e. after relying on the Kyoto Mechanisms). 35 refs.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure S2 from Carfilzomib Triggers Cell Death in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Inducing Proapoptotic and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Depletion of Noxa by shRNA approach was achieved only with 2 shRNA and conferred protective effect against carfilzomib cytotoxic response.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermal decomposition of 1-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium based ionic liquids

Products of thermodegradation of 1-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium halides are investigated by the method of gas chromatomass spectrometry. The main products of the reaction are 3-methylpyridine and the corresponding alkyl halide. It was supposed that thermodecomposition of pyridinium ionic liquids proceeds similar to that of imidazolium ionic liquids by dealkylation with elimination of the substituent at the nitrogen atom of the pyridinium ring via SN2 mechanism. The presence of 5 wt % of cellulose decreases the onset temperature of thermodecomposition by 15–20°С.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrochromism of Metal-Free Phthalocyanine Langmuir-Blodgett Films

A metal-free phthalocyanine film was prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. It was observed for the first time that the LB film deposited on a ITO/glass showed electrochromic color changes in aqueous solutions of KCl. The color of the film was changed from original blue-green to purple-red in an oxidation process, and to dark-purple in a reduction process. The color changes observed in the LB film were quite similar to those in lantanoid-diphthalocyanine evaporated films. On the contrary, the annealed LB film, of which the structure was dimeric-like, did not show any electrochromic color changes.

Topic: Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genre trends at the US box office, 1991 to 2010

This article examines genre trends in the top 50 grossing films at the US box office each year from 1991 to 2010, focusing on the frequency and rank of different genres, the box office gross and release patterns of films in different genres, and the release profile of Hollywood studios. The results show a narrowing of the range of genres at the highest rankings, with fantasy/science fiction movies coming to dominate at the expense of comedy, crime/thriller and drama films. There are also marginal increases in action/adventure and family films. Analysis of the opening and total gross for each film reveals that different genres are characterized by different release patterns, and noted the importance of awards in contributing to the box office gross of drama films. With one notable exception, there is no evidence of genre specialization among film studios in contemporary Hollywood cinema.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Correction to: Using the Data Science Process Model Version 1.1 (DASC-PM v1.1) for Executing Data Science Projects: Procedures, Competencies, and Roles

The sequence of authors was incorrect in the initially published version. It has been corrected.

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Personality Traits in Professional Services Marketing

Figures and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction Tasks Characteristics: Knowledge, Intelligence, and Interpersonal Skills Defining Interpersonal Skills Recruitment: Selection and Assessment Enlistment Training: Process and Presentation Performance: Appraisal and Compensation Leadership: Managers and Management Summary and Conclusions Selected Bibliography Index

Topic: Personality Traits and Psychology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Identifying the Exact Bug Fixing Actions

In-spite of the principle of good programming practice which stipulates that a commit should include only modifications belonging to one task, programmers submit tangled commits consisting of modifications related to two or several distinct tasks. Some researches show that between 11 and 39% of bug fix commits are tangled and at least 16.6% of all the commits are incorrectly associated to bug reports. Tangled commits make historical analysis of the project less reliable, and impede the extraction of bug fix pattern because most mining software repository techniques are designed with the assumption that each commit includes only modifications for a single task. In this paper, we are proposing a method that identifies precisely the modifications that are related to a bug fix. We validate our solution on a real world system with real bugs and bug-fixes.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rethinking remote memory placement on large-memory systems with path diversity

In this study, we rethink the existing memory placement strategies for multi-chip server systems. Processor vendors such as Intel and AMD have introduced the multi-chip based high density server architecture for large-scale data centers. With the advance of the processor-interconnect, multiple CPU chips are connected through a scalable point-to-point network such as Intel UPI and AMD Infinity Fabric. Nevertheless, the existing operating systems including Linux do not fully take advantage of the processor-interconnect to manage the memory traffic across memory nodes. We present two memory placement techniques exploiting the point-to-point interconnect to improve overall throughput while minimizing the hot-spot problem.

Topic: Interconnection Networks and Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Applicability of a microRNA-based dynamic risk score for type 1 diabetes

<title>Abstract</title> Identifying biomarkers of functional β-cell loss is critical in risk stratification for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We report a microRNA-based dynamic (responsive to environment) risk score developed using multi-center, multi-ethnic/country (“multi-context”) cohorts. Discovery (wet-lab and dry-lab) analysis identified 50 microRNAs that were measured across n=2,204 individuals from four contexts (4C=AUS/Australia, DNK/Denmark, HKG/Hong Kong SAR China, IND/India). A microRNA-based dynamic risk score (DRS) was generated (DRS4C), which effectively stratified individuals with/without T1D. Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) was used to create an enhanced (e)DRS4C that showed AUC &gt;0.84 on an independent Validation set (n=313) from AUS, IND and NZL and predicted future exogenous-insulin requirement in islet transplantation recipients from Canada (CAN). In another T1D therapy, this microRNA signature stratified 1-year response to imatinib based on their profile at the study baseline. Utilizing machine learning and GAI, this study identified and validated a microRNA-based DRS for T1D stratification and treatment efficacy prediction.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The End-to-End Performance of Rateless Codes in Poisson Bipolar and Cellular Networks

Rateless coding is a promising forward error correction technique to meet both delay and reliability requirements of emerging wireless applications. However, existing works on rateless codes mostly considered finite networks or ignored the traffic dynamics. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the end-to-end performance for rateless codes in Poisson bipolar and cellular networks. Specifically, we propose the notion of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">end-to-end success probability</i> , which is the success probability given an end-to-end delay requirement, to jointly evaluate the delay performance and transmission reliability of rateless codes. To fully characterize the end-to-end delay, we divide it into two parts, namely the packet waiting time and the transmission time, and provide tractable yet accurate approximations to their statistical distributions. Compared with the previous works, the proposed general framework and the end-to-end performance metric help obtain insights on the role of scheduling, queueing, and coding scheme in practical radio access networks. The approximations are verified to be effective and reliable through simulations. Overall, the results show the significant benefits of rateless codes relative to the fixed-rate codes in terms of the transmission reliability with an end-to-end delay requirement.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences