jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH STIMULANTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN CORN

One of the most effective ways to increase grain yield per hectare is the introduction of corn for grain into the grain crop rotation, since corn is a high-yielding crop and a good precursor for spring breads, as well as a soil fertility restorer and a drought-resistant plant. Therefore, the introduction of new cultivation technologies and modern hybrids of grain corn is of great relevance at the present time. The purpose of our research was to optimize the use of growth stimulants in the cultivation of various hybrids of grain corn in the northern zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Field experiments were conducted in the production conditions of Zarya LLC in the Krylovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory in 2023 and 2024. In field experiments, three corn hybrids were used as research objects: KSS 5291, P 8834 and GS 370. In the field experiment, the scheme included options for studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and leafy top dressing with growth stimulants on the growth, development and yield of corn. The largest root mass of grain corn was formed in the GS-370 hybrid on plots with a growth stimulant Energy M and amounted to 3,874 t/ha, which turned out to be 692 kg/ha, or 22% more than the minimum value. The maximum dry biomass in the experiment was observed in the GS-370 hybrid on plots using the growth stimulator Energy M and was 10.948 t/ha, that is, by 2.291 t/ha or 26% more than the minimum value. The maximum net photosynthesis productivity (BPF) of corn was formed in hybrid P 8834 on plots without the use of growth stimulants and was equal to 4,616 g/m2 day, that is, by 413 g/m2 day or 9.8% more than the minimum value. The highest economic yield was formed in the GS-370 hybrid, ranging from 7.08 t/ha on plots without the use of growth stimulants to 7.84 t/ha on variants using pre-sowing seed treatment and two leaf fertilizing with the Energia M stimulant.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the influence of shallow geothermal energy on the behaviour of contaminants of emerging concern

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Pressure over water resources is increasing rapidly as a result of climate change and growing population. In this context, urban aquifers emerge as a valuable resource of fresh-water for cities. However, the quality of urban groundwater is degraded due to the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that reach continuously urban aquifers from different recharge sources. The effects of CECs are largely unknown, but it is expected that they pose a risk for human health, soil, plants and animals. CECs are naturally degraded in aquifers and their degradation rates depend on the physico-chemical conditions (i.e., redox conditions and water temperature) of the groundwater, which may vary as a result of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, it is needed to establish the impact of anthropogenic activities on CECs to determine their behaviour under modified and variable physico-chemical conditions and allow the safely use of urban groundwater. One of these anthropogenic activities that potentially modify the physico-chemical conditions is the use of the subsurface to obtain cooling and heating energy through low-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE) systems. LEGE is a renewable and carbon-free energy whose utilization is currently growing. Thus, it is expected that in a near future the density of LEGE systems will increase over most cities. Then, our objective is to determine the impact of LEGE systems on the behaviour of CECs.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We have investigated the behaviour of CECs under the influence of LEGE by means of numerical models and considering different representative scenarios. The results show that the physico-chemical variations induced by LEGE systems modify notably the degradation rates of CECs, and thus, their concentrations on the downgradient side. Our results have significant implications for predicting the behaviour of CECs in urban aquifers and suggest the possibility of specifically design LEGE systems to improve in a passive way the quality of urban groundwater by eliminating CECs.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comparative study of event-related potential P300 between normal individuals and individuals with prediabetes

Background: Prediabetes is the early stage of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Altered glucose metabolism, atherosclerosis, and inflammation of blood vessels are seen in prediabetes. This may lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Event-related potential P300 can easily detect cognitive decline before the appearance of any neurological manifestations.

Aims and Objective: The aim of this study is to assess and compare the P300 latencies in normal subjects and individuals with prediabetes. 

Materials and Methods: The study included 25 individuals with prediabetes and 25 healthy controls between the age group of 20 and 50 years. After obtaining informed consent, the study subjects were evaluated by history, general physical, and systemic examination. Serum HbA1c level was estimated. P300 was recorded using the standard auditory oddball paradigm from the vertex (Fz, Cz, and Pz) in response to stimuli presented monaurally through head phones. The peak latencies of P300 of target stimuli were calculated. 

Results: Mean P300 latency in normal individuals was 305.15 ms ± 27.80 and in individuals with prediabetes 383.98 ms ± 22.02 which is statistically significant (P ˂ 0.05). 

Conclusion: Increase in P300 latencies indicates the existence of a cognitive decline in individuals with prediabetes compared to healthy individuals.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Reference values for kaolin‐activated thromboelastography in volunteers of Anhui Province in China

Background The assessment of the coagulation status using thromboelastography (TEG) in Chinese population has less been reported. This study aimed to establish reliable reference values for kaolin‐activated TEG in Chinese volunteers. Methods A total of 1681 Chinese adult individuals were recruited for this study. The reference individuals were stratified by gender and age, and the TEG values were measured on the basis of strict quality control. The 95% reference values were determined using nonparametric statistical methods. Results The sex‐related 95% reference values were reaction time (R):4.2‐8.7 minutes; clotting time (K): 1.2‐3.2 minutes; alpha angle (α): 47.0‐72.3 degree; maximum amplitude (MA): 49.1‐70.5 mm for males, and R: 3.7‐9.0 minutes; K: 1.0‐3.2 minutes; α: 48.4‐74.4 degree; MA: 46.8‐72.4 mm for females. Also, the TEG parameters indicated a relatively more hypercoagulable profile in both female and elder groups. Conclusions This study established the reference values for kaolin‐activated TEG in the target Chinese population, which might provide a reference for both clinical and laboratory studies.

Topic: Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary material from "Dwarf mongoose alarm calls: investigating a complex non-human animal call"

Communication plays a vital role in the social lives of many species and varies greatly in complexity. One possible way to increase communicative complexity is by combining signals into longer sequences, which has been proposed as a mechanism allowing species with a limited repertoire to increase their communicative output. In mammals, most studies on combinatoriality have focused on vocal communication in non-human primates. Here, we investigated a potential combination of alarm calls in the dwarf mongoose (<i>Helogale parvula</i>), a non-primate mammal. Acoustic analyses and playback experiments with a wild population suggest: (i) that dwarf mongooses produce a complex call type (T<sub>3</sub>) which, at least at the surface level, seems to comprise units that are not functionally different to two meaningful alarm calls (aerial and terrestrial); and (ii) that this T<sub>3</sub> call functions as a general alarm, produced in response to a wide range of threats. Using a novel approach, we further explored multiple interpretations of the T<sub>3</sub> call based on the information content of the apparent comprising calls and how they are combined. We also considered an alternative, non-combinatorial interpretation that frames T<sub>3</sub> as the origin, rather than the product, of the individual alarm calls. This study complements previous knowledge of vocal combinatoriality in non-primate mammals and introduces an approach that could facilitate comparisons between different animal and human communication systems.

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sentencing the substance dependent offender

Substance abuse is often regarded as a mitigating factor for the plea on sentence. However, there is considerable legal authority that in serious crimes it can function as an aggravating factor. The author analyses the status of alcohol and drug addiction as a psychiatric disorder under DSM‐III‐R. He argues in favour of stringent examination by sentencers of the impart of substance abuse on individuals' capacity to understand the consequences and qualities of their criminal actions before assessing the degree of blameworthiness that should be imputed to them. He maintains that this in turn holds important consequences for the determination of substance abusers' suitability for harsh punishment and the appropriateness of their being used as vehicles for general deterrence.

Topic: Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Size effects in twinned nanopillars

Nanotwinned structures are becoming increasingly attractive owing to their potential as optimal motifs for strength, ductility, and grain stability in metals. In this work, we use nanopillar compression as a paradigmatic problem to investigate the interplay between size effects associated with the twin spacing and the finite size of the nanopillars by way of molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations reveal that the aspect ratio plays an important role in governing the weakening or strengthening effect of coherent twin boundaries under uniaxial compression. We find that there exists an optimal aspect ratio for which the yield strength of twinned nanopillars is slightly higher than even single crystal nanopillars. In addition, we observe that twin boundaries facilitate dislocation-starvation as defects glide along twin boundaries and are eliminated at the free surface.

Topic: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vitamin D and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune illness with an uncertain etiology and a low treatment efficacy, resulting in a large social cost. Given that the myelin destruction model, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic response potential in MS are all linked, it's only natural that we look into the various factors (genetic, hormonal, and environmental) that play a role in the autoimmune process in order to better control the immune system's dysregulation. Results from epidemiological and clini¬cal studies clearly suggest that changes in vitamin D serum concentrations are correlated with the magnitude of the risk of developing MS, the phases of relapse and remittance and with gender differences in vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D concentration in serum should be between 50 and 80 nmol/l to ensure appropriate calcium metabolism. The optimal vitamin D blood concentration required to control the aberrant immune response in MS patients, a subgroup of MS patients appropriate for vitamin D treatment, and the application of vitamin D in an optimally effective and safe dosage are all reviewed. The MS prevalence rate in Bulgaria has increased two-fold in 17 years, although this is a rather small time to presume that the population's gene pool has changed. As a result, more research into possible interactions between various environmental factors and their function in illness development is justified and required.

Topic: Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Chemical Degradation of a Humic Acid

A humic acid (HA) extracted from the A 1 horizon of a Brunizem soil was degraded in the unmethylated and methylated form by sequential reaction with oxidants of increasing strength. The HA was first oxidized with alkaline cupric oxide; the products were then further degraded by oxidation with first alkaline KMnO 4 and then with H 2 O 2 in alkaline solution. Unmethylated HA was also degraded by Na-amalgam reduction. The degradation products were extracted into organic solvents, methylated, and separated by preparative gas chromatography into relatively pure components which were analyzed by mass spectrometry and micro-i.r. spectrophotometry. A matching of the mass and i.r. spectra and gas chromatographic retention times of the isolated components with those of authentic specimens led to their identification.The experimental data show that the HA contains a relatively easily degradable portion, which comprises guaiacyl and syringyl units and which may be lignin-derived (about 10% of the total weight). This material is degraded by CuO–NaOH oxidation and Na-amalgam reduction. The bulk of the HA structure, however, consists of a more condensed, chemically complex "core", which degrades on more drastic oxidation into complex phenolic and benzenepolycarboxylic acids. It is likely that the "core" originates in part from condensed lignin and in part from products of microbial synthesis. Of the methods investigated, the CuO–NaOH and the KMnO 4 oxidation of methylated HA appear most promising for providing information on the chemical structure of the HA.

Topic: Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD FIR-WE7000 #186551.1

FIR laser interferometer measures the line averaged electron density and the electron density profile. Laser source: CH3OH laser (119um, 100mW) Michelson & Heterodyne interferometer (beat freq. 1 MHz). Time resolution: 10us.

Topic: Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
El carlismo tras la Guerra de los Siete Años: la revuelta de 1842-1844 en el Maestrazgo

After the First Carlist War the Maestrazgo was not pacified for a long time. Two years later a new revolt broke out, initiated by former soldiers of the last war, which hadn't been adapted to civilian life or to exile. But this new revolt scarcely found popular support, due to the desire of peace of a population tired of wars, but also because it didn't received support from the church or from the landowners. It had neither support from the pretender nor from many exiled carlists, that preferred to reach an agreement with the Liberals, instead of trying new revolts. Thus the carlist rebellion barely mobilized a few hundred men, operating in very small groups without an unified command. If despite this, the rebellion lasted for nearly two years, it was due to the fights between liberals, who worried more about fighting themselves, than about sending troops against the carlists. It also helped that some leaders of the previour war, like “el Serrador” or “La Cova” decided to join the rebels, taking with them some of their former comrades in arms. However, the lack of popular support and the well-conceived plan of general Villalonga, the liberal chief in the Maestrazgo, led to the end of the revolt in the spring of 1844.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
HARARE DECLARATION

The Harare Declaration was adopted by the Heads of Government Meeting of the Commonwealth on 20 October 1991 in Harare, Zimbabwe. Available at ��'�.f/!eco/77/77o�tvea/f/?.o/-�. Also reprinted in 60 The Review (1998) 257 1 , The Heads of Government of the countries of the Commonwealth, meeting in Harare, reaffirm their confidence in the Commonwealth as a voluntary association of sovereign independent states, each responsible for its own policies, consulting and co-operating in the interests of their peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace. 2, Members of the Commonwealth include people of many different races and origins,

Topic: African studies and sociopolitical issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection of urine galactose in infants with diarrhea.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of lactose intolerance diarrhea in infants within one-year old.Methods:Samples of stool and urine from 1199 infants with diarrhea within one-year old were collected for stool microscopy and rotavirus detection.According to the results of these examinations,they were divided into several groups,and the method of galactose oxidase qualitative determination was used to measure their urine galactose.Another 35 cases of normal infants also within one-year old were selected as control group(microscopy and rotavirus detection were negative;stool frequency and character were normal).Results:The incidence of lactose intolerance in infants with diarrhea was 41% and was much higher than 9% in control group.However,the incidence of lactose intolerance had no significant difference between infants within 6-month old and from 6 to 12-month old as well as among several groups with different etiological factors.Conclusion:The incidence of lactose intolerance in infants with diarrhea appears to be significantly higher than that in normal ones.Urine galactose determination may reflect if infantile diarrhea is caused by lactose intolerance.Therefore,it can provide an important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Topic: Digestive system and related health
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pasteurella multocida: Plasma Lysozyme in Bacteremic and Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Turkeys

Plasma lysozyme was measured in turkeys with experimental fowl cholera produced by either of two serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. Lysozyme was not detected in preexposure plasma, whereas plasma sampled when turkeys were terminally bacteremic contained 7.0-7.5 microgram of lysozyme/ml. Plasma lysozyme was measured in turkeys inoculated intravenously with P. multocida lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Turkeys inoculated with 10 microgram of LPS produced plasma lysozyme detectable for 2 hr after inoculation; those inoculated with 500 microgram of LPS produced plasma lysozyme detectable for at least 6 hr after inoculation. Egg-white lysozyme, equivalent in concentration to the plasma lysozyme detected in bacteremic turkeys, was active upon young cultures of P. multocida and increased the degree of lysis of P. multocida cells treated with deoxycholate. Lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and deoxycholate in combination produced the highest degree of lysis of P. multocida cells.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Child Presenting with Recurrent Corneal Ulcers: Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy IV (HSAN IV)

Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy IV (HSAN IV) or Congenital Insensitivity to pain and Anhidrosis is an autosomal recessive condition. It is characterized by absence of reaction to painful stimuli, anhidrosis, self-mutilating behaviour and episodic fever. We report a child with HSAN IV who presented primarily with recurrent corneal ulcers and the classical history helped us clinch the diagnosis. Molecular testing revealed a homozygous pathogenic frameshift mutation in <i>NTRK1</i> c.717delG, p.(Met239fs). Molecular testing is confirmatory and this will help the family in future prenatal diagnosis.

Topic: Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Flipping-Free Tabletop Integral Imaging with Large Viewing Angle Based on Space-Multiplexed Voxel Screen and Compound Lens-Array

Tabletop integral imaging display with a more realistic and immersive experience has always been a hot spot in three dimensional imaging technology, which is widely used in biomedical imaging and visualization to enhance medical analysis and diagnosis. However, the traditional structural characteristics of integral imaging display inevitable introduces flipping effect beyond the viewing angle. To avoid the flipping effect in optical reconstruction, the space-multiplexed voxel screen consisted of projectors array and holographic functional screen is presented to constrain light beams passing through corresponding lens. To further improve the imaging quality in the large viewing angle, the compound lens with two pieces of aspheric lens in each lens unit is optimized to suppress the aberrations, and cooperates with holographic functional screen to recompose the light distribution. The imaging distortion is decreased to less than 9% from more than 30%. In the experiment, the reconstructed full-parallax three dimensional image with the clear displayed depth of 20cm can be perceived with the correct geometric occlusion and smooth parallax in the viewing angle of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$96^{\circ}\times 96^{\circ}$</tex> .

Topic: Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive Control System of Transport Wheels Electromechanical Braking

The development of the controlled electromechanical braking devices for transport wheel is discussed. The generalized functional block diagram of an electromechanical braking device is described. The mathematical model describing dynamic behavior of the braking transport wheel with pneumatic tires and electromechanical engine is given in detail. On the basis of the developed mathematical model a system of direct adaptive control of the braking mode transport wheels is build. Control law at the same time suppresses the effect of elastic deformation. Some results of efficacy studies of adaptive control system constructed are also given.

Topic: Electric Power Systems and Control
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The heat is on

Glaciers![Figure][1] 

Antarctic glacier from the melting Larsen B ice shelf (Antarctic Peninsula)

PHOTO: ©BLICKWINKEL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

Rising surface air temperatures are understood to cause glacial melting, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the ocean also has a strong impact. Cook et al. studied glaciers that drain the Antarctic Peninsula and found a strong correlation between mid-depth ocean temperatures and glacier-front changes along the peninsula's western coastline. Glaciers in the south, which are exposed to warmer waters, have undergone significant retreat, while those in the northwest, which terminate in cooler waters, have not retreated as much or as uniformly. Thus, ocean-induced melting appears to be the main cause of glacial retreat in the region.

Science , this issue p. [283][2]

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aae0017

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences