jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy using synthetic microRNA directed against GAD67 has beneficial effect on motor behaviour in 6-OHDA lesioned rats

Background: Modification of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) level is a promising future treatment tool for Parkinson's disease (PD).GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and modification of the GAD level could therefore potentially be used to alter the GABA output from a nucleus.Methods: We have previously developed a synthetic microRNA (smiRNA1550) designed to knockdown the GAD isoform GAD67 and shown that it can efficiently knockdown the target protein.In this study we have further evaluated the therapeutic potential of smiRNA1550 in treating motor symptoms using the 6-OHDA rat model of PD and lentiviral vectors.The smiRNA was evaluated in striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr), two nuclei with increased GAD levels and GABA output in PD.The result was evaluated by behaviour tests and western blot.Differences between groups were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's multiple comparison test for group comparisons.Results: There was a beneficial effect in apomorphine-induced rotations after injection of LV-smiRNA1550 into SNpr.Conclusion: These findings suggest that manipulation of the GABA system could be a valid approach for development of novel gene therapies for PD that warrant further study.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Clonazepam pharmacokinetics, brain uptake, and receptor interactions.

The 7-nitrobenzodiazepine derivative clonazepam is initially biotransformed by nitroreduction, followed by acetylation. Neither the amino- nor the acetamido- metabolites appear to have important pharmacologic activity. Clonazepam elimination half-life falls in the range of 20 to 80 hours, but means within the population and variance are not well defined. Absorption of orally administered clonazepam is 80% or more. In experimental studies, clonazepam appears to diffuse passively from plasma into brain, with a constant brain-plasma concentration ratio. The drug disappears in a parallel fashion from both brain and plasma, with no evidence of sequestration in brain tissue. Clonazepam has a relatively high molar affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor in vitro, and the fractional extent of benzodiazepine receptor occupation by clonazepam in vivo is directly and predictably related to the drug's concentration in brain tissue. Acute behavioral effects are in turn directly related to the extent of receptor occupancy. Compared to other benzodiazepines, the reportedly unique clinical properties of clonazepam are neither associated with unusual/unexpected pharmacokinetic properties or with a qualitatively different in vivo interaction with the presumed benzodiazepine binding site.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Silicon nanopillar arrays with SiO_2 overlayer for biosensing application

We present the fabrication of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) coated silicon nanopillar array structures and demonstrate their application as sensitive optical biosensors.Colloidal lithography, plasma dry etching and deposition processes are used to fabricate SiO 2 coated Si nanopillar arrays with two different diameters and periods.Proof of concept bio recognition experiments are carried out with the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/antiBSA model system using Fourier transform visible and IR spectrometry (FT-VIS-IR) in reflection mode.A limit of detection (LoD) value of 5.2 ng/ml is estimated taking in to account the wavenumber uncertainty in the measurements.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transformation Cycle of Magnetosomes in Human Stem Cells: From Degradation to Biosynthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Anew

The nanoparticles produced by magnetotactic bacteria, called magnetosomes, are made of a magnetite core with high levels of crystallinity surrounded by a lipid bilayer. This organized structure has been developed during the course of evolution of these organisms to adapt to their specific habitat and is assumed to resist degradation and to be able to withstand the demanding biological environment. Herein, we investigated magnetosomes' structural fate upon internalization in human stem cells using magnetic and photothermal measurements, electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. All measurements first converge to the demonstration that intracellular magnetosomes can experience an important biodegradation, with up to 70% of their initial content degraded, which is associated with the progressive storage of the released iron in the ferritin protein. It correlates with an extensive magnetite to ferrihydrite phase transition. The ionic species delivered by this degradation could then be used by the cells to biosynthesize magnetic nanoparticles anew. In this case, cell magnetism first decreased with magnetosomes being dissolved, but then cells remagnetized entirely, evidencing the neo-synthesis of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles. Bacteria-made biogenic magnetosomes can thus be totally remodeled by human stem cells, into human cells-made magnetic nanoparticles.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Outcome of the extremely low birth weight infants (less than 999 grams): what messages are we getting?

The outcome of the extremely low birth weight (less than 1,000g or ELBW) babies continues to improve. More ELBW babies are surviving, though some of them may have various degrees of impairment or disability. The chance of dying or surviving with a major disability or cerebral palsy declines significantly in recent years in the developed countries. The implication of these findings is that application of neonatal care does not increase the risk of disabled survival as has been often feared but promoted normal survival. Great effort has been put in to achieve good results and better outcome. Developing countries however, will face a problem of achieving similar results because of limited resources or priority of allocation of limited resources, inadequate facilities, lower socio-economic status, poor home environment and lack of follow-up services, training and rehabilitation set-ups or intervention programme. What is the relevance of these good results in relation to the developing or third world countries? The limit of viability may have to be redefined. Nevertheless, it should be the aim to lower the mortality of these high risk babies and to reduce complications and morbidity of the survivors. Maintenance and control of body temperature, control of infections, blood sugar monitoring, antenatal steroids for the mother in premature labour, resuscitation at birth or even simple nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) should come a long way in fulfilling these goals. Those ELBW children who survive without neurological damage may have learning difficulties. It is necessary to find out the reasons for that such as the impact of the home environment on mental development. Do the children have a good background conducive for learning? Are there establishments for intervention programme in the community for these high risk children? The ratio of neonatal beds per 1,000 deliveries may have to be reviewed now that more ELBW infants are staying in the hospital for a longer period, and surviving.

Topic: Infant Development and Preterm Care
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of El Niño Southern Oscillations on the incidence of enteric fever in Ahmedabad, India from 1985 to 2017

Objective: To explore the relationship between climate variables and enteric fever in the city of Ahmedabad and report preliminary findings regarding the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillations and Indian Ocean Dipole over enteric fever incidence. Method: A total of 29 808 Widal positive enteric fever cases reported by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and local climate data in 1985-2017 from Ahmedabad Meteorology Department were analysed. El Niño, La Niña, neutral and Indian Ocean Dipole years as reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the same period were compared for the incidence of enteric fever. Results: Population-normalized average monthly enteric fever case rates were the highest for El Niño years (25.5), lower for La Niña years (20.5) and lowest for neutral years (17.6). A repeated measures ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in case rates during the three yearly El Niño Southern Oscillations categories. However, visual profile plot of estimated marginal monthly means showed two distinct characteristics: an early rise and peaking of cases in the El Niño and La Niña years, and a much more restrained rise without conspicuous peaks in neutral years. Further analysis based on monthly El Niño Southern Oscillations categories was conducted to detect differences in median monthly case rates. Median case rates in strong and moderate El Niño months and strong La Niña months were significantly dissimilar from that during neutral months (P<0.001). Conclusions: El Niño Southern Oscillations events influence the incidence of enteric fever cases in Ahmedabad, and further investigation from more cities and towns is required.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and application of a diagnostic instrument to evaluate secondary students' conceptions of qualitative analysis

The primary purpose of this study was to develop a two-tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument to assess Singapore Grade 10 students' (15 to 17 years old) understanding and alternative conceptions of qualitative analysis. Additional and related purposes were to determine whether more advanced chemistry students, for example, junior college (Grade 11 and 12) students, undergraduates and graduate trainee-teachers have a better understanding of basic qualitative analysis than secondary students, and to develop appropriate teaching strategies and materials on qualitative analysis based on the findings of this study and a review of the literature on practical work.The results from the administration of the diagnostic instrument showed that Singapore Grade 10 students had many alternative conceptions related to qualitative analysis, and these were grouped under the headings of 'Displacement', 'Redox', 'Dissolution', 'Addition of acid' and 'Heating'. The cross-age study showed that the more advanced chemistry students generally had a better understanding of basic qualitative analysis but had similar alternative conceptions as the Grade 10 students. However, the alternative conceptions identified were consistently held by only a small number of students across all contexts examined in the diagnostic instrument, suggesting that a number of students either had more than one conception for a particular concept or no conceptions at all. The results from the trial of the qualitative analysis teaching package indicated that the teaching package was feasible. Teachers involved in the trial found it structured and comprehensive, and the students who experienced the teaching package performed better on the diagnostic instrument than a comparison group.The study recommends that better ways of conducting qualitative analysis practical work are required, and using the teaching package may be a step in this direction. The study also raises questions about the value of teaching qualitative analysis in secondary schools when important reactions involved in qualitative analysis are omitted from the syllabus, and when there is little incentive and time in the school curriculum for learners to understand what they are doing in qualitative analysis.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI DAN PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING INDONESIA MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN 2015

Since 2003 Bali Concord II that sett up (ASEAN Economic Community/AEC, Indonesia has been engaged in the efforts of strengthening the country especially setting forth economic policy that is condusive to achieving the country’s level of competition. The paper shall deal with challenges that Indonesia has faced in the issue. The challenges that are identified include balance of trade, dependable entrepreneurs, and rate of productivity of manpower.How has the government come up with sound economic policies? The account finds that the most recent economic policies of Joko Widodo have not achieved better results in coping the cahallenges. Keywords : Economic policy, State, Competition, ASEAN Economic Community.

Topic: Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
‘You are supposed to treat them like your mum and dad’: narratives about transnational family lives by middle-class Filipino children

The Philippines is a labour exporting country since the 1970s. Due to the contract labour systems in destinations such as the Middle East or East Asia, migrants are usually not able to bring their family members. This development led to the rise of transnational families – families who maintain social relationships and economic ties across the borders of nation-states. The majority of the studies on transnational families focus on migrant mothers and transnational motherhood; my paper will prioritise the perspective of the children left-behind in the Philippines. For this purpose, two qualitative interviews with daughters of migrants were selected and analysed using the integrative hermeneutic approach. Even though related studies suggest that children have more difficulties to cope with the migration of mothers, my analysis shows the resentments children might have with their father's migration and the migration of both parents. Moreover, studies have not yet tackled the issue of what comes after the return of the parents; this article elucidates the idealisation of return. The narratives are contextualised in relation to family, gender ideologies and aspects of class in the Philippines.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Focal adhesion kinase is required for intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis downstream of Wnt/c-Myc signaling.

The intestinal epithelium has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury and DNA damage. Here, we show that the integrin effector protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis and DNA damage signaling, but is essential for intestinal regeneration following DNA damage. Given Wnt/c-Myc signaling is activated following intestinal regeneration, we investigated the functional importance of FAK following deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor protein within the intestinal epithelium. Following Apc loss, FAK expression increased in a c-Myc-dependent manner. Codeletion of Apc and Fak strongly reduced proliferation normally induced following Apc loss, and this was associated with reduced levels of phospho-Akt and suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc heterozygous mice. Thus, FAK is required downstream of Wnt Signaling, for Akt/mTOR activation, intestinal regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Importantly, this work suggests that FAK inhibitors may suppress tumorigenesis in patients at high risk of developing colorectal cancer.2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 20708588 Funding information This work was supported by: Worldwide Cancer Research, United Kingdom Grant ID: 10-0643 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C1295/A9590 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA129040 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA129040-01A2 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C157/A9148

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiple Sites of Type II Site Ligand (Luteolin and BMHPC) Regulation of Gene Expression in PC-3 Cells.

Type II [(3)H]estradiol binding site ligands including luteolin (a naturally occurring bioflavonoid) and synthetic compounds such as 2,6-bis((3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)cyclohexanone (BMHPC) inhibit normal and malignant prostate cell (PC-3, LNCaP, DU-145) proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Type II sites represent a binding domain on histone H4 possibly involved in an epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene transcription. Treatment of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with luteolin or BMHPC modulated the expression of a number of genes in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway (EGFRSP) and cell cycle pathway (CCP). Pronounced stimulation (400-2000% of control) of c-FOS and p21 RNA expression was observed, suggesting that these were primary sites of action. Both compounds also caused irreversible G2/M arrest (p<0.001). siRNA's for c-FOS or p21 reduced the RNA expression of their respective targets by 85-95%, with minimal effects on cell proliferation. Furthermore, neither siRNA alone (single knockdown), or in combination (double knockdown), blocked luteolin or BMHPC inhibition of PC-3 cell proliferation. Thus, although c-FOS and p21 are known to modulate the expression of genes in the ESGRSP (EGFR, SOS, GRB2, JNK1, MKK4, RasGAP) and CCP (CCNA2, CCNE2, CDC25A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, p27, PLK1) involved in the regulation of cell proliferation by luteolin and BMHPC, the c-FOS and p21 siRNA knockdown studies reported here suggest that c-FOS and p21 may be secondary bystanders in the overall response to these ligands in the regulation of PC-3 cell proliferation.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Asymptomatic ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm into the right ventricle

A 32-year-old man, admitted for inguinal hernia repair, was referred for preoperative cardiac evaluation because of a continuous murmur. He had no past history of cardiovascular …

Topic: Coronary Artery Anomalies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How to Organize Conferences: Systems Approach

Research conferences are often organized by volunteers, namely, by people who are specialists in research but not in conference organization. As a result, some conferences are very successful, while some are not very successful. It is therefore desirable to provide newbie conference organizers with helpful recommendations. In this article, based on the experience of a successful recent conference, we provide the corresponding basic recommendations -- as well as their general-system explanation.

Topic: Conferences and Exhibitions Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electron beam lithography patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane resist as a mandrel for self-aligned double patterning application

The semiconductor industry has developed various alternative approaches for obtaining high resolution patterns (sub-30 nm) using existing lithography techniques. Of the alternative approaches, self-aligned double patterning (SADP) is the approach which involves the fewest lithography steps. In SADP, a dummy pattern, also known as a mandrel, is first formed, followed by a conformal spacer material deposited on the patterned mandrel. Using dry reactive ion etching, spacer sidewalls are then formed. In the final step, the mandrel is removed by an etch process. The result is the double pattern of the spacer material. The advantage of this approach is that only one lithography step with the critical dimension of the double patterns is defined by the deposited spacer thickness. The disadvantage is the requirement of multiple, successive deposition and etch processes. In the present research, the authors demonstrate a reduction in required processing steps by using a novel mandrel/spacer approach for the SADP scheme. Using electron beam lithographically patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane resist and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition deposited low stress silicon nitride, the authors demonstrate a proof of concept of the SADP patterning scheme with reduced process steps.

Topic: Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effects of a 24-week deep water aerobic training program on cardiovascular fitness

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of prolonged deep water aerobic training on cardiovascular fitness. Two groups of women, each consisting of 19 women between the ages of 30-62 participated in this research. Group A (mean age of 49.2±8.7) participated in a 24-week deep water training program, exercising twice a week for 45 minutes. All 45 minute sessions were divided into three parts: the warm-up, the aerobic segment, and the cool-down including stretching elements. During the aerobic portion, the subjects were told to exercise at a moderate intensity which was established by used Karvonen's formula for water exercise and self-regulated by used of a Sport-tester Polar 800i. Subjects in group A were tested before and after 24 week program with the Bruce Protocol cardio-effort test when compared to the control group B (19 females with an average age of 48.7±8.1). Group A demonstrated significant improvement in aerobic capacity after deep water aerobic program (before=10.1±2.2 MET, after=11.1±2.0MET, p<0.01), also were demonstrated significant reduction of response systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate (before 84.5±14.3 bpm, after 75.8±10.0 bpm, p<0.05). The results of these study support the use deep water aerobic training as an alternative form of exercise to land-based training for unfit middle age participants.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Miscellaneous Contributions to the Essential Oils of the Plants from Various Territories. XXXVII. On the Components of the Essential Oils of Magnolia Kobus DC.var. borealis SARG. (1)

The essential oil of Magnolia Kobus DC. var. borealis SARG. from Sapporo, Hokkaido, was examined. The yield of shoot oil was about 0.2% and that of branchets was 0.03%. The characteristic constituents of these oils are limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, l-camphor, and α-terpineol.

Topic: Magnolia and Illicium research
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimation of Anisotropy Parameters, delta and epsilon : An Application to Borehole and Seismic Data from Ketzin, Germany

Weak anisotropy was indicated in a previous investigation of the 3D baseline seismic data acquired through the EU funded CO2 SINK project at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 storage, Germany. Fourth o ...

Topic: Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences