jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Epitheliomas of the margin of the larynx. Definition, classification and extension (author's transl)].

Studying 213 cases of epithelioma of the laryngeal margin, the authors report on a 3-part study. The first part defines, classifies and specifies the extension of marginal epitheliomas, the second part studies anterior margin epitheliomas and the third, epitheliomas of the lateral margin. This first part shows that the laryngeal margin forms a precise anatomo-clinical entity which must be subdivided into anterior lateral posterior and total margins. The anterior margin consists of the free edge, the supra-hyoid laryngeal side of the epiglottis and, for the authors, the laryngeal side of the epiglottis that belongs, for the UICC, to the oropharynx. The lateral margin consists of the aryteno-epiglottic fold and, for the authors, of the intersection of the three fold that are not mentioned in the UICC or the AJC classifications. The arytenoid cartilage forms the posterior margin. Together, tumors of the anterior margin and the lateral margin make up for 94% of marginal tumors. This first part specifies the macroscopic aspects of marginal epitheliomas with their local and lymphatic extension.

Topic: Tumors and Oncological Cases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
HISEA-1: China's First Miniaturized Commercial C-Band SAR Satellite

The HiSea-1 satellite launched in December 2020 is the first commercial miniaturized C-band SAR satellite in China. It is also the first satellite belonging to the TY- MINISAR constellation which is the first generation of light and small SAR remote sensing satellites being developed by Spacety. It is developed based on advanced SAR technologies such as the C-band lightweight active phased array antenna and integrated satellite electronics design technology. The weight of the satellite is 185kg while the imaging resolution reaches 1 meter. After more than one-year in orbit, the HiSea-1 satellite has acquired enormous SAR imageries under distinctive environments using different acquisition modes of different spatial resolutions. Acquired SAR imageries have been applied to various applications, such as oil spill detection, sea ice monitoring and flood monitoring, demonstrating the great potential of the miniaturized HiSea-1 satellite. This paper presents an overview of the HiSea-1 satellite and its up-to-date status.

Topic: Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Anomalous Interference Effect in Pure Nuclear Bragg Reflection of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>

Investigation on the pure nuclear Bragg reflection of the 57Fe-enriched Fe3O4 single crystal has been conducted by means of the synchrotron Mössbauer four-circle diffractometer at SPring-8 BL11XU. We have succeeded, for the first time, in observing the pure nuclear Bragg reflection from the forbidden 200 reflection and obtained the site-selective spectrum only consisting of the B-site Fe. However, the reflection intensity was extremely weak and the reflection spectrum had anomalous shape, where the second and the sixth lines almost disappeared. These features are interpreted well by the destructive interference effect between the B-sites. We also found that the 10 10 0 reflection spectrum obtained from the 57Fe-enriched specimen is very different from that of the natural Fe specimen. The B-site spectrum, which should appear owing to the pure nuclear Bragg reflection, is much weaker in the 57Fe-enriched specimen. We suppose that in the natural Fe specimen, the constructive interference effect between the A- and B-sites may intensify the B-site spectrum, whereas in the 57Fe-enriched specimen, the destructive interference effect between the B-sites mainly works to attenuate the B-site spectrum. Assuming that the interference effect is dominated mainly by the nearest neighbor 57Fe–57Fe interaction, all these anomalous features are comprehensible.

Topic: Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Nominal Thickness of Cut During Gear Shapping

By analysing and studying the causes of the extrusion wound of gear face and the unconrentionality abrasion wear of gear snapping tool during gear snapping, accordingly,the solution to the problem is Worked out Based on the analysis of cutting thickness, the paper,puts forward a set of computation formulas. An example is given to illustrate the changing rules of the cutting thickness, which lays a foundation for further analysis and research.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A new rule-based algorithm for identifying metabolic markers in prostate cancer using tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract Motivation: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent tumor in males and its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages. Prostate cancer is treatable by excision if detected at an early enough stage. The challenges of early diagnosis require the discovery of novel biomarkers and tools for prostate cancer management. Results: We developed a novel feature selection algorithm termed as associative voting (AV) for identifying biomarker candidates in prostate cancer data measured via targeted metabolite profiling MS/MS analysis. We benchmarked our algorithm against two standard entropy-based and correlation-based feature selection methods [Information Gain (IG) and ReliefF (RF)] and observed that, on a variety of classification tasks in prostate cancer diagnosis, our algorithm identified subsets of biomarker candidates that are both smaller and show higher discriminatory power than the subsets identified by IG and RF. A literature study confirms that the highest ranked biomarker candidates identified by AV have independently been identified as important factors in prostate cancer development. Availability: The algorithm can be downloaded from the following http://biomed.umit.at/page.cfm?pageid=516 Contact: melanie.osl@umit.at

Topic: Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
ERRATUM : Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use: The Role of Individual and Contextual Influences

Correlations for variables 12 to 22 were inadvertently left off Appendix Table A.2, published in the May 2007 (volume 54, number 2) issue. The signs of correlation in column 10 (school religiosity) were also switched. Here is the corrected table.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Brief considerations of adherence to treatment from a subjective perspective

This opinion article aims to reflect on the issue of adherence to treatment from the perspective of human subjectivity, which is implicitly manifested in the relationships between professionals and users. In this sense, raising intersubjectivities and present affections provide greater adherence to the health care proposal, as well as the strengthening of bonds and the reduction of iatrogenic events in the field of health.

Topic: Psychology and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Cost and benefit of quality control visual checks in large-scale digitization of archival manuscripts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide much needed data to staff working with archival digitization on cost and benefit of visual checks during quality control workflows, and to encourage those in the field of digitization to take a data-driven approach to planning and workflow development as they transition into large-scale digitization. Design/methodology/approach – This is a case study of a cost benefit analysis at the Triangle Research Libraries Network. Data were tracked on time spent performing visual checks compared to scanning production and error type/discovery rates for the consortial grant “Content, context, and capacity: a collaborative large-scale digitization project on the long civil rights movement in North Carolina”. Findings – Findings show that 85 percent of time was spent scanning and 15 percent was spent on quality control with visual checks of every scan. Only one error was discovered for every 223 scans reviewed (0.4 percent of scans). Of the six types of error identified, only half cause critical user experience issues. Of all errors detected, only 32 percent fell into the critical category. One critical error was found for every 700 scans (0.1 percent of scans). If all the time spent performing visual checks were instead spent on scanning, production would have increased by 18 percent. Folders with 100 or more scans comprised only 11.5 percent of all folders and 37 percent of folders in this group contained errors (for comparison, only 8 percent of folders with 50 or more scans contained errors). Additionally, 52 percent of all critical errors occurred in these folders. The errors in larger folders represented 30 percent of total errors, and performing visual checks on the large folders required 32 percent of all visual check time. Practical implications – The data gathered during this research can be repurposed by others wishing to consider or conduct cost benefit analysis of visual check workflows for large-scale digitization. Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, this is the only available dataset on rate of error detection and error type compared to time spent on quality control visual checks in digitization.

Topic: Digital and Traditional Archives Management
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Adhesive Micropatterns and AFM to Assess Cancer Cell Morphology and Mechanics

The mechanical properties of living cells reflect their physiological and pathological state. In particular, cancer cells undergo cytoskeletal modifications that typically make them softer than healthy cells, a property that could be used as a diagnostic tool. However, this is challenging because cells are complex structures displaying a broad range of morphologies when cultured in standard 2D culture dishes. Here, we use adhesive micropatterns to impose the cell geometry and thus standardize the mechanics and morphologies of cancer cells, which we measure by atomic force microscopy (AFM), mechanical nanomapping, and membrane nanotube pulling. We show that micropatterning cancer cells leads to distinct morphological and mechanical changes for different cell lines. Micropatterns did not systematically lower the variability in cell elastic modulus distribution. These effects emerge from a variable cell spreading rate associated with differences in the organization of the cytoskeleton, thus providing detailed insights into the structure-mechanics relationship of cancer cells cultured on micropatterns. Combining AFM with micropatterns reveals new mechanical and morphological observables applicable to cancer cells and possibly other cell types.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigating the Use of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV-LEDs) for the Inactivation of Bacteria in Powdered Food Ingredients

The addition of contaminated powdered spices and seasonings to finished products which do not undergo further processing represents a significant concern for food manufacturers. To reduce the incidence of bacterial contamination, seasoning ingredients should be subjected to a decontamination process. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have been suggested as an alternative to UV lamps for reducing the microbial load of foods, due to their increasing efficiency, robustness and decreasing cost. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of UV-LED devices for the inactivation of four bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella Typhimurium) on a plastic surface and in four powdered seasoning ingredients (onion powder, garlic powder, cheese and onion powder and chilli powder). Surface inactivation experiments with UV mercury lamps, UVC-LEDs and UVA-LEDs emitting at wavelengths of 254 nm, 270 nm and 365 nm, respectively, revealed that treatment with UVC-LEDs were comparable to, or better than those observed using the mercury lamp. Bacterial reductions in the seasoning powders with UVC-LEDs were less than in the surface inactivation experiments, but significant reductions of 0.75–3 log10 colony forming units (CFU) were obtained following longer (40 s) UVC-LED exposure times. Inactivation kinetics were generally nonlinear, and a comparison of the predictive models highlighted that microbial inactivation was dependent on the combination of powder and microorganism. This study is the first to report on the efficacy of UV-LEDs for the inactivation of several different bacterial species in a variety of powdered ingredients, highlighting the potential of the technology as an alternative to the traditional UV lamps used in the food industry.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lipase and Protease Double-Deletion Mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens Suitable for Extracellular Protein Production

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas fluorescens , a widespread Gram-negative bacterium, is an ideal protein manufacturing factory (PMF) because of its safety, robust growth, and high protein production. P. fluorescens possesses a type I secretion system (T1SS), which mediates secretion of a thermostable lipase (TliA) and a protease (PrtA) through its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Recombinant proteins in P. fluorescens are attached to the C-terminal signal region of TliA for transport as fusion proteins to the extracellular medium. However, intrinsic TliA from the P. fluorescens genome interferes with detection of the recombinant protein and the secreted recombinant protein is hydrolyzed, due to intrinsic PrtA, resulting in decreased efficiency of the PMF. In this research, the lipase and protease genes of P. fluorescens SIK W1 were deleted using the targeted gene knockout method. Deletion mutant P. fluorescens Δ tliA Δ prtA secreted fusion proteins without TliA or protein degradation. Using wild-type P. fluorescens as an expression host, degradation of the recombinant protein varied depending on the type of culture media and aeration; however, degradation did not occur with the P. fluorescens Δ tliA Δ prtA double mutant irrespective of growth conditions. By homologous expression of tliA and the ABC transporter in a plasmid, TliA secreted from P. fluorescens Δ prtA and P. fluorescens Δ tliA Δ prtA cells was found to be intact, whereas that secreted from the wild-type P. fluorescens and P. fluorescens Δ tliA cells was found to be hydrolyzed. Our results demonstrate that the P. fluorescens Δ tliA Δ prtA deletion mutant is a promising T1SS-mediated PMF that enhances production and detection of recombinant proteins in extracellular media.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effects of low frequency ultrasound on the proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in carotid atherosclerosis

Objective To investigate the effects of low frequency ultrasound (LFU) on the proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis(CA).Methods CA models were established in 30 New Zealand rabbits using a high fat diet and air-drying.They were randomly divided into a control group and four LFU groups:group A received 0.5 W/cm~2 LFU for 5 min/d,group B 0.5 W/cm~2 for 10 min/d, group C 1 W/cm~2,5 min/d,and group D 1 W/cm~2,10 min/d.The rabbits' carotid arteries were autopsied after 20 d of the LFU treatment.The expression of PCNA and TUNEL staining were used to explore the proliferation and apopto- sis of SMCs,and the proliferation rates (PRs) and apoptosis rates (ARs) were calculated.Results Compared with the control group,the PRs in groups B,C and D were significantly lower,while the ARs in groups B,C and D were significantly higher.There was no significant difference in ARs or PRs among groups B,C and D.Con- clusion LFU can induce SMC apoptosis and inhibit SMC proliferation in rabbits with CA.

Topic: Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Delirium and Resistance: Activist Art and the Crisis of Capitalism

Capitalist crisis do not begin within art, but art reflects and even amplifies their effects. The dizzying prices achieved by artists who pander to the financial elites, the proliferation of museums that contribute to the global competition between cities to attract capital, and the strange relationship between art and the rampant gentrification that restructures the urban landscape: these are the obvious features of art's subservience to capitalism. There is a flipside, however, which shows art playing an increasingly important role in resistance to austerity and the prefiguration of a different world. Delirium and Resistance engages in critical dialogue with artists' collectives, counter-institutions and activist groups, while reflecting on the inequalities of neoliberal culture. It draws on over thirty years of critical debates and practices both in and beyond the art world to historicise and advocate for the art activist tradition that radically entangles the visual arts with political struggles

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Malaria studies<i>in vitro</i>

The erythrocytic stages of strains of plasmodia sensitive to chloroquine (CQ) concentrate some three to six times more drug than CQ-resistant strains. A simple, but so far untested hypothesis is that the intracellular pH of drug resistant strains is higher than that for sensitive strains. This would result in a reduced accumulation of any weakly basic drug molecule (e.g. CQ) which is capable of passive diffusion through the cellular membran. The mean intracellular pH of erythrocytes parasitised with either CQ-sensitive or CQ-resistant strains of P. berghei was determined, therefore, from the distribution of 14C-5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione between intra- and extracellular aqueous phases. The results obtained showed that over the range 6-8--7-2 the intracellular pH is governed directly by the extracellular pH and that the intracellular pH of CQ-sensitive parasites is slightly above that for resistant ones, neither being greatly different from that for uninfected erythrocytes. There was no evidence, therefore, to support, the suggested hypothesis. Elimination of this possibility adds weight to the opinion that changes in drug sensitivity of these plasmodia are the result of changes in the properties of drug-binding sites.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exponential Lower Bounds for the Towers of Hanoi with More Than Three Pegs

In this we paper we consider the version of the classical Towers of Hanoi games where the gameboard contains more than three pegs. For k pegs we give a 2 C k n 1=k\\Gamma2 lower bound on the number of steps necessary for transferring n disks from one peg to another. Apart from the value of the constants C k this bound is tight. 1 Introduction The game best known as Towers of Hanoi is played by a single player using three pegs and n disks with the following set of rules: Originally the disks are arranged on the first peg, largest at the bottom and each disk sitting on a larger disk. The goal of the game is to transfer the n disks to another peg while observing the following conditions: 1. In each step the topmost disk on a peg is removed and placed on the top of the disks on another peg. 2. A disk cannot be placed on a disk smaller than itself. The objective is to minimize the number of steps. The game has become a popular example for recursive algorithms (see e.g. [1] ). The uniqu...

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Games
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of management regimes and harvesting date on herbage quality in rangelands: relationships with traits.

Permanent grasslands supply ecological and agronomical services, among which herbage quality for herbivores is of prime importance. Environmental factors as the climate and management regimes (fertilization or grazing) affect herbage quality, as assessed by its digestibility and nutritive value content (crude protein, fibre content). Most previous studies have focused on digestibility only, and for a limited number of species. In the present study, we used plant functional traits in order to understand the effects of management regimes on herbage quality of rangelands located on Larzac Causse in the South of France. 16 abundant species from rangelands submitted to grazing associated or not with fertilization were studied. Herbage quality (digestibility, crude protein content and fibres content), leaf/stem ratio, dry matter content (DMC), N and C content of all aboveground organs were measured at two dates: the growth beginning and the peak of biomass. Our results showed at interspecific level that (i) fertilization improved herbage quality via an increase in crude protein content and a decrease in fibre content, which resulted in an increase in digestibility; in addition, the dry matter content of stems and leaves decreased and N content increased; (ii) there was a decrease in herbage quality between the beginning of growth and the peak of biomass produced, associated to an increase in DMC and a decline in N concentration; (iii) herbage quality and functional traits differed depending on the organ considered, leaves showing a better quality as compared to others. Functional traits can thus be used to predict differences in herbage quality in relation with management regimes, dates of sampling and the organ considered.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences