jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-target Detection in Airport Scene Based on Yolov5

By comparing multiple target detection algorithms, combined with the particularity of the airport scene, finally an algorithm based on YOLOv5 was selected for airport multi-target detection.. After tuning the parameters according to the loss function and the mean average precision in training, a target detection model adapted to the airport scene is obtained. The data was collected from a high-definition camera at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport, and about 3000 highdefinition pictures were obtained by intercepting video frames. Then the experiment use "LabelImg" software to annotate the data to get the VOC data set. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of the algorithm can reach 85.77%, and it can effectively detect aircraft on the airport scene.

Topic: Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A retrospective study of risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and clinical disease in swine herds in Illinois during the early years of the pandemic

Objectives: To determine whether purchase and isolation of gilts and boars, purchase of semen for artificial insemination (AI), sharing of boars with other herds, herd size, and confinement housing were risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection and clinical PRRS in swine herds during the early years of the pandemic. Methods: A herd demographic and management survey of 103 swine herds in Illinois was conducted in 1992 and repeated in 1997 to determine whether PRRS virus infection and clinical disease had been diagnosed during the intervening period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factor associations. Results: Larger herd size was associated with an increased risk, and isolation of purchased gilts with a decreased risk, of both PRRS virus infection and clinical PRRS. Purchase of semen for AI was associated with an increased risk of PRRS virus infection. Implications: Swine producers should certify that purchased semen is free of PRRS virus, gilts should be isolated prior to introduction to the herd, and biosecurity measures should be implemented to prevent PRRS virus infection, particularly in larger herds.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Can Multipath TCP be Robust to Cyber Attacks With Incomplete Information?

Promoted by the advancements in the various wireless access technologies, modern mobile devices equipped with multiple network interfaces are rapidly becoming the norm, and this provides a driving force for the large-scale deployment of the Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) in the current and future Internet. However, the simultaneous use of multiple network paths for concurrent multipath data transmission can make MPTCP have a larger attack surface than the traditional single-path transport protocols, and this may be likely to pose a risk of MPTCP being much more susceptible to cyber attacks. In this paper, we present a measurement method to investigate the vulnerability and robustness of MPTCP under cyber attacks with incomplete network information, by considering the fact that most cyber attacks normally lack of real-time information with respect to various MPTCP attributes. We mathematically characterize cyber attacks with incomplete network information from the viewpoints of both the cyber attacker and the MPTCP communication system, and then we introduce a mixed attack strategy, by jointly considering the features of both the random attacks and the selective attacks, to evaluate the robustness of MPTCP.

Topic: Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis And Biological Activity of Borane Phosphonate DNA

Abstract Abstract Borane phosphonate oligodeoxyribonucleotides are synthesized from 5′-O-[benzhydroxybis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]-2′-deoxyribonucleoside-3′-O-methylphosphoramidites. The exocyclic amine functions of adenine, guanine, and cytosine are protected with trimethoxytrityl, and thymine is unprotected. Using these synthons and under standard conditions via activation with S-ethylthiotetrazole, condensations on a highly crosslinked polystyrene support are in excess of 99%. Following the complete synthesis of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphite triester, oxidation with THF·BH3 yields the oligodeoxyribonucleotide borane phosphonate. Further treatment with 80% aqueous acetic acid followed by disodium 2-carbamoyl-2-cyanoethylene-1,1-dithiolate removes trimethoxytrityl from the 2′-deoxyribonucleoside bases and the methyl protecting group from the internucleotide phosphate triester, respectively. Cleavage from the support with ammonium hydroxide and purification by reverse phase HPLC affords the pure oligodeoxyribonucleotide borane phosphonate. These oligomers are taken up by cells in the absence of cationic lipids and transport biologically active interfering RNA into cells. Keywords: BoraneDNAphosphonate Acknowledgments We thank Rich Shoemaker for assistance with the NMR facility and University of Colorado Central Analytical Laboratories for the mass spectral facility. This research was supported by the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Educational supervision

The educational supervisor role has come to prominence following the implementation of ‘Modernising Medical Careers’, which introduced shorter, more focused, competency-based postgraduate training programmes. The importance of the role of educational supervisor is emphasized in the GMC publication The New Doctor, produced in conjunction with the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB) and the Gold Guide to postgraduate specialty training in the UK. The role is now well defined and no longer considered a mere ‘add on’ for busy consultants and general practitioners. It is a role that has to be planned, protected and valued. Increasingly, educational supervisors will be professionally selected, trained and paid for their work. They will also be held to account for standards of practice as defined by the PMETB, as education and training become ever more quality assured.

Topic: Counseling Practices and Supervision
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
“We don’t just want doulas. We want good doulas.” Examining the role of doula training in promoting perinatal mental health

While research increasingly explores the role doulas can play in addressing perinatal health disparities, doula training itself remains unexplored. This paper examines the crucial role of doula training in enhancing birthing care accessibility and quality, particularly in addressing mental health disparities and fostering positive birth experiences. Through qualitative analysis, challenges such as cost, time constraints, and training accessibility issues are identified. Key recommendations include removing financial and logistical barriers, incorporating supplemental training for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), and fostering cultural sensitivity to meet diverse community needs, including rural and Indigenous populations.

Topic: Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dynamic correction of soft measurement model for evaporation process parameters based on ARMA

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;To address the significant soft measurement errors in traditional static models for evaporation process parameters, which are characterized by continuity and cumulativity, this paper proposes a dynamic correction method for soft measurement models of evaporation process parameters based on the autoregressive moving-average model (ARMA). Initially, the Powell's directional evolution (Powell-DE) algorithm is utilized to identify the autoregressive order and moving average order of the ARMA model. Subsequently, the prediction error of a mechanism-reduced robust least squares support vector machine ensemble model is utilized as input. An error time series prediction model, which compensates for the errors in the autoregressive moving average model, is then applied for dynamic estimation of the prediction error. Finally, an integration strategy using the entropy method is employed to combine the static soft measurement model, based on the mechanism-reduced robust least squares support vector machine, with the dynamic correction soft measurement model, which is based on the error time series compensation of the ARMA model. The new model is analyzed and validated using production data from an alumina plant's evaporation process. Compared to traditional models, the new model demonstrates significantly improved prediction accuracy and is capable of dynamic prediction of evaporation process parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Remarks on supersymmetry of quantum systems with\nposition-dependent effective masses

\n \nWe apply the supersymmetry approach to one-dimensional quantum\nsystems with spatially dependent mass, by including their ordering\nambiguities dependence. In this way we extend the results\nrecently reported in the literature. Furthermore, we point out a\nconnection between these systems and others with constant masses.\nThis is done through convenient transformations in the\ncoordinates and wave functions.\n\n

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Theories of the Motion of the Satellites of Mars

A new analytical theory of the motion of the satellites of Mars has been formulated. The theory of the motion of Phobos, a satellite of Mars, is presented in detail [1]. The accuracy of the theory (15 meters during 2000 days in the position of Phobos) is the best result found in the literature so far. The theory is based on two fixed gravitational center problem as the zeroth approximation in the perturbation theory. Analytical functions of this problem are expressed as a series of the third order with respect to the J2 and J3/J2 zonal harmonics of Mars. The perturbational function consists of many elements [2]. Several elements of the gravitational field of Mars, gravitational interactions between Phobos and Mars, Deimos and Jupiter, as well as tidal effects due to the interaction between the Sun and Mars have been taken into account in the calculations [3]. An alternative theory of the motion of Phobos, based on the Kepler problem and the assumptions of the analytical model, is also discussed. Similar theories for the second satellite of Mars, Deimos, are also discussed.

Topic: Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
KING EIDER FORAGING EFFORT DURING THE PRE-BREEDING

For reproduction, many arctic-nesting migratory birds rely on nutrients obtained on the breeding grounds, so they devote sufficient time to foraging immediately prior to nesting. However, little is known about the increase in foraging effort necessary to meet the energetic requirements of reproduction. In early June 2006 and 2008, we quantified the proportion of time spent foraging before breeding by a large sea duck, the King Eider (Somateria spectabilis), on its breeding grounds in northern Alaska. During � 235 hours of behavioral observations, both male and female King Eiders spent � 50% of the day loafing (resting, sleeping, comfort behavior, or being alert). Females foraged on average 30% of the time (mean 7.2 hr day −1 , 95% CI 6.0-8.4 hr day −1 ), three times as much as males (9%; 2.3 hr day −1 , 95% CI 1.5-2.8 hr day −1 ). The most common prey in ponds where the eiders foraged were chironomid larvae and worms ranging in length from 1 to 30 mm. If the King Eider's daily energy expenditure on its breeding grounds is similar to values published for related species, it would need to ingest only 0.2-0.6 g dry mass of inverte- brates per minute of foraging to meet its energetic requirements. Males did not lose body mass before breeding, and we assume that their foraging effort was sufficient for energy balance. Therefore, female King Eiders appear to triple their foraging effort over maintenance requirements to meet the energetic challenges of egg formation.

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Illuminating Long-lived Cycas Cotyledons Reduces Sink Demands on Megagametophytes during Initial Seedling Growth

Cycas megagametophyte resources are translocated to developing seedlings through the persistent green cotyledons. The source activities of cotyledons and megagametophytes following germination are not adequately understood. The decline in megagametophyte weight during seedling development was quantified until ultimate tissue desiccation for two Cycas species. In addition, the influence of illuminating the green cotyledons during germination and initial radicle growth on megagametophyte, root, and cotyledon dry weight (DW) was determined to evaluate the role of cotyledon photosynthesis on growth and megagametophyte source activity. Cycas micronesica megagametophytes declined 64% in DW during initial growth of the radicle and maturation of the first true leaf. The rate of DW decline slowed after this stage but continued for ≈18 months when the seedlings were supported by six leaves. Cycas edentata megagametophytes exhibited similar patterns with a 72% decline in DW when the first true leaf reached full expansion, and the resources were depleted by ≈14 months when the seedlings had five leaves. Illuminating cotyledons during initial seedling growth reduced the rate of megagametophyte DW decline by up to 20% and increased total seedling DW above that of dark-grown seedlings by up to 21%. The results provide direct evidence for the long-term source activity of the Cycas megagametophyte and provide indirect evidence that photosynthetic contributions of illuminated cotyledons reduce the reliance on gametophytes as a source of resources for initial Cycas seedling growth. Improved design of Cycas nursery germination microenvironments may be enabled by this new knowledge.

Topic: Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bordering on Asian Paintings: Dye Analysis of Textile Borders and Mount Elements to Complement Research on Asian Pictorial Art

Mount components and textile borders represent important elements of Asian paintings. However, they are often side-lined or not considered an integral part of the original piece, as they may be later additions or may have been replaced during historic conservation or mounting interventions. Nevertheless, evidence is sometimes present that textile borders are contemporaneous to the production of the paintings they frame or, in the case of paintings found in archaeological contexts, to the time of deposition. Even when not contemporaneous with the paintings, the mount textiles are often of significant historic interest in themselves, showing a range of complex textile techniques and materials, and highlighting the re-use of fabrics. In all these cases, the study and reconstruction of the original colours of the borders enable further understanding of the holistic visual impact originally intended for the composition, as well as of the role of colour itself, which was used to emphasise, complement or contrast important pictorial themes or motifs in the paintings. Furthermore, the identification of dyes and dyeing techniques has the potential to support the production date and provenance of the paintings. In this study, the textile borders and some additional mounting elements of six paintings (late 9th–10th century CE) from the Library Cave, Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China, one rare Korean portrait painting dated 1789 CE, and two Tibetan thangkas (18th century) were investigated with the aim to identify the dyes present. Fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) was used to obtain information non-invasively and, when sampling was possible, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to obtain molecular identification of the dyestuffs employed in their production. Typical Asian dyes, such as gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), sappanwood (Biancaea sappan), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and pagoda tree flower buds (Sophora japonica), were identified. Some of the dyeing techniques were commensurate with the geographical and temporal provenance assigned to these pieces. Considerations about fading and discolouration of the dyes enabled valuable additional information to be obtained that complements the evidence gleaned from the study of the paintings and informs conservators and curators on best practices in the preservation and display of these precious and delicate artworks.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Design and Realization of SCM Network Based on a New Symmetry Array with Five Feed Sources

Under unmanned, highly dynamic and low elevation conditions, SCM network based on a new symmetry array with five feed sources is an effective method to adapt with new requirements. Based on analysis of its application background, system design, feed array design and SCM network design, the realization approach is clarified with theory analysis and comparing with conventional methods.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The relevance of school self-concept and creativity for CLIL outreach learning

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) combined with experimental outreach learning activities may affect the inherently correlated constructs creativity and self-concept. Evaluation of our one-day CLIL genetics laboratory confirms this correlation for both Biology (p < .001, r = 0.739) and English (p < .001, r = 0.802) after participation with excellent model-fit parameters. Participation did not produce any gender differences except for the latent variable Social of the self-concept scale. Moreover, self-concept correlates with short- and long-term cognitive achievement and long-term linguistic knowledge, confirming the mutually reinforcing relationship between self-concept and academic achievement. For Biology and English grades, negative correlations with self-concept indicate that our module provides effective support for low achievers. Combined with an overall positive correlation between the latent constructs creativity and self-concept and long-term cognitive achievement, our results indicate that creativity-enhancing interventions could increase the self-concept and may, accordingly, lead to better performance at school.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Ultrasound tomography in diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors in children].

Ultrasound findings of 50 children with soft tissue sarcomas of the trunk and limbs were analyzed. There was a high proportion of diagnostic errors (62%), which resulted in the choice of adequate therapeutical measures at early stages of therapy and in advanced disease. The reasons of the errors were as follows: nonspecificity of the first clinical manifestations of soft tissue sarcomas; ignorance of instrumental studies that establishes a diagnosis in time; outpatient physicians' unconcern of cancer, misunderstanding of the nontumor nature of disease; no scientifically grounded algorithm of studies. Echographic signs that characterize malignancy, their changes over a therapy, ultrasound pattern due to posttherapeutical changes are considered.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Knowledge Absorptive Capability of Enterprise Based on Entropy Weights and Interval TOPSIS

The processes for absorbing knowledge become an essential element for innovation and competitiveness in enterprises. Despite the huge growth in the absorptive capacity literature, a method gap still remains about a certain ambiguity in the measurement of the construct specifying its theoretical domain. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the research on absorptive capacity through the construction of four aspects, based on a thorough analysis of the literature and field research, to measure the key components of the absorptive capacity construct: acquisition capacity, assimilation capacity, transformation capacity and application capacity. The evaluation model based on entropy weights and interval TOPSIS is established which focuses on measuring absorptive capacity. The practical case study is conducted to illustrate the application of the proposed method for the knowledge absorptive capacity and verify effectiveness and feasibility.

Topic: Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
First achievement of Deep-UV LED on Si substrate

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of potential applications such as sterilization, water purification, medicine and biochemistry, white light illumination, and so on. DUV-LED fabricating using silicon substrate is attractive as a low-cost DUV light-source, in near future. However, the realization of the LED on the Si substrate which is shorter than 300 nm is not reported till now. Quaternary InAlGaN alloy is attracting attention as candidate material for realizing high-efficiency DUV LEDs due to In incorporation effects. In this study, the authors demonstrated 280 nm-band InAlGaN QW DUV LEDs on Si (111) substrates.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Ins and Outs of Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells: Control of Single-Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis

Exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells is crucial to maintenance of plasma glucose levels. They fuse with the plasma membrane in a regulated manner to release their contents and are subsequently recaptured either intact or through conventional clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here, we discuss these mechanisms in β-cells at the single-vesicle level.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Participant_013

Participant 013: LENA audio recordings and transcripts at 11, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months (where available). Note that there are two 11M recordings. The first (11Ma) is the one referenced in the data and lab notes summary.

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences