jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Prevalence of Infection in Schistosoma haematobium Intermediate Hosts in Three Selected Local Government Areas of Adamawa State Nigeria

Schistosomiasis is a blood fluke infection caused by parasite of the genus Schistosoma. The aim of this study was to identify snail intermediate host, its relative abundance and assess its cercaria shedding rates in the three Local Government Areas (Ganye, Jada and Mayo Belwa) of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Sample collection was conducted using Scoop technique. In totality, 2,321 snails consisting of 883 (38.0%) Bulinus globosus, 1106 (47.7%) of B. truncatus as well as 332 (14.3%) Lymnea natalensis were collected and identified. Highist large quantity of snail species was observed in July 239 (10.3%) with least abundance in January 140 (6.02%). Total of 1,989 of the 2,321 snails were identified as carrier of Schistosoma haematobium. The overall prevalence of cercaria shedding of 3.8% (76/1,989) was reported in this study. Jada LGA recorded highest prevalence of snail infected with cercaria 4.5% (29/642), followed by Ganye LGA 3.5% (25/708), while Mayo Belwa LGA 3.4% (22/639) had the least prevalence. Based species of snails, highest infection with cercaria was observed in Bulinus globosus 4.3% (38/883) wjile Bulinus truncatus had the least prevalence 3.4% (38/1106). There was insignificant statistical difference between cercarial infection with both locations and snail species (P&gt;0.05). Water body recorded highest infected snails 4.8% (53/1,111) than irrigation sites 2.6% (23/878). Seasonal variation also showed highest prevalence during dry season 5.4% (42/777) than wet season 2.8% (34/1,212). There was significant statistical difference between cercarial infection with both sampling sites and season (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, Bulinus globosus and B. truncatus were identified as intermediate host of schistosomiasis with cercaria shedding occurring around water bodies as well as during dry season in the study area. The need for further expanded study that would cover the entire state to prevent higher prevalence and public enlightenment on the mode of transmission and control was recommended.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermal block of mammalian unmyelinated C fibers by local cooling to 15–25°C after a brief heating at 45°C

Our study discovered that the temperature range for producing a partial to complete cold block of mammalian C-fiber axons can be increased from 5–15°C to 15–25°C on average after a preheating at 45°C. This discovery raises many basic scientific questions about the influence of temperature on nerve conduction and block. It also raises the possibility of developing a novel implantable nerve block device to treat many chronic diseases including chronic pain.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Current State of Popularizing Nine-Year Compulsory Education in Jiangxi Province

At the end of 1996, the cumulative number of counties, municipalities, and districts in Jiangxi Province that have achieved the "Two Basics" reached sixty-three, which is 63 percent of the total number of counties, municipalities, and districts in the entire province, and covering 53.67 percent of the province's total population.

Topic: Educational Reforms and Innovations
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Traditional Chinese medicine based on Zheng differentiation versus angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme antagonist in efficacy of treating diabetic kidney disease: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Objective: To compare the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on Zheng differentiation with angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ARB/ACEI) in treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the aspects of decreasing urinary microalbumin, declining 24-h urinary protein, reducing endpoint events, and renal function protection. Methods: The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Chinese Academy of Sciences database (CNKI), the VIP Chinese journal database, Wanfang DATA, Medline database, Cochrane library, excerpt medical database (Embase), and Web of science were used for literature searching. The reviewer manager 5.3 software was utilized to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-four studies including 1956 participants were involved in this review. Results showed that TCM had a better effect (mean difference [MD], −23.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], −30.60 to −15.79, P < 0.00001) than ARB/ACEI on lowering urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (MD −4.56 mg/mmol, 95% CI, −5.76 to −3.36, P < 0.00001). Moreover, the advantage of decreasing UAER was greater as the follow-up period become longer (P = 0.04). TCM also had a better effect in 24-h urinal protein, decreasing 0.36 g/24 h (95% CI, −0.45 to −0.27, P < 0.00001) more than the control in shorter follow-up period (ranged from 12 to 24 weeks) subgroup but only 0.08 g/24 h (95% CI, −0.13 to −0.03, P = 0.0006) in the longer follow-up period (>24 weeks) subgroup. TCM worked as well as ACEI/ARB in reducing endpoint events (relative risk, 0.67, 95% CI, 0.20–2.224, P = 0.51) and decreasing urinary albumin concentration (UAC) (MD, −16.50, 95% CI, −46.28–13.28, P = 0.28). As for protecting renal function, TCM had an equal effect to AECI/ARB in improving creatinine clearance ratio (MD, −3.30, 95% CI, −6.66–0.03, P = 0.05) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (MD, 1.00, 95% CI, −0.59–2.58, P = 0.22). However, TCM had a better effect in releasing the glomerular hyperfiltration state (MD, −9.64, 95% CI, −14.45 to −4.84, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: TCM based on Zheng differentiation can work as well as ACEI/ARB in treating DKD and even better in decreasing urinary microalbumin and releasing glomerular hyperfiltration. It is a good alternative treatment of DKD.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Right and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

H ypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) af- fecting both the right and left ventricular (RV and LV) outflow tracts is rare, and the mechanism of obstruction is different in each ventricle.A 21-year-old man with a family history of HOCM and sudden death was referred with breathlessness (New York Heart Association grade II) and occasional presyncope.There had been no discharges of an implantable defibrillator inserted 2 years earlier, and the sole medication was a ␤-blocker.A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed marked, bilateral ventricular hypertrophy.Doppler revealed a 70 mm Hg LV outflow gradient and obstruction of the right outflow tract at rest.Right and left heart catheterization, with simultaneous central aortic and LV pressure recording, revealed a 100 mm Hg subaortic gradient (Figure, a) and a 75 mm Hg subpulmonic gradient at rest (Figure, b and c).Ventriculography confirmed that the obstruction of the LV outflow was due to systolic anterior mitral valve movement (Figure, d and e), whereas RV outflow obstruction was due to massive hypertrophy of the crista supraventricularis (Figure, f).

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COVID-19 and Labour Law: United Kingdom

The UK Government provided a tardy response to the coronavirus pandemic, whichwould seem to have led to widespread community transmission and a high death toll.The measures taken in relation to the labour market were disappointing, being predominantly concerned with protecting business, while limited assistance was provided to the most vulnerable, precarious workers. Jobs have been preserved by such measures, but it is unclear what will happen as the Government schemes are phased out. Crucial issues relating to health and safety at work have been downplayed during the crisis, racial concerns have emerged and gender-related inequalities are being given little attention by the Government. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has engaged with the Government on policy matters, resulting in some significant alterations to measures taken. Unions have also been prominent in discussions regarding the terms of return to work. This report was originally submitted on 10 April and has now been updated, being accurate up to 7 June 2020.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Special Books Section: Biology in Science Fiction

Journal Article Biology in science fiction Get access Erica Van Dommelen Erica Van Dommelen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 39, Issue 10, November 1989, Pages 729–731, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311005 Published: 01 November 1989

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Towards Adoption of Constructivist Instructional Approach in Learning Biology in Secondary School Students in Kenya: Addressing Learner Attitude

Learning Biology helps learners to acquire requisite knowledge in understanding life processes for positive coexistence. In instances where learners appreciate the position of biology in life, they develop positive attitude and this is reflected in their performance. However, in Kenya, most students have continued to register poor performance in biology in national examinations and this has been attributed to negative attitude towards the sciences by most learners. To address this, changes in the educational curricula and teaching methods from the transmission curriculum to a transactional curriculum has been suggested. The changes imply adjustments in the instructional process to include learner centred activities. On the other hand, studies have shown that the attitude of learners towards changes influence the adoptability and workability of the introduced change. This study investigated attitude of learners towards the constructivist instructional approach. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey technique. Data was obtained from four boys’, four girls’, and four mixed secondary schools with a total of 477 students and were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that learners have positive attitude towards the constructivist instructional approach. Boys obtained a scores of (M=58.30; SD=9.15, N=150) while girls had a score of (M=53.14; SD=8.24, N=146). Based on this finding, it is recommended that instructors adopt the constructivist approach in learning so as to boost the attitude of students towards learning biology. It would also be appropriate for further investigations to be conducted in other fields of science such as chemistry and Physics so as to find out if the constructivist approach would also boost the attitude of students in such subjects. Finally, policy makers in the field of education in Kenya (The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology through the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD)) should come up with policies to ensure appropriate learning approaches which foster positive attitude towards learning.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Associations with Single Rare Heterozygous NLRP7 Variants for Chinese Patients with Sporadic Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

Abstract Background Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) encompass a group of clinically heterogeneous tumors of trophoblastic cell origin. In some populations and studies, single NLRP7 heterozygous mutations and some non-synonymous variants (NSVs) have been shown to confer genetic susceptibility to sporadic GTDs. Our study aims to investigate whether single rare heterozygous NSVs in NLRP7 predispose patients to GTDs in Chinese. Methods We performed Sanger sequencing of all NLRP7 exons and exon-intron boundaries in a cohort of Chinese patients with non-recurrent sporadic GTDs and normal childbearing women. Using in-silico analysis and several prediction programs, we investigated the effects of identified NSVs on the function of the protein. Then we examine the function in inflammatory pathway to assessing the functional consequences of the identified rare NSVs in in-vitro studies. Results We found that the number of patients with rare single heterozygous NSVs that are predicted to have functional effects on the protein is significantly higher in the first cohort of 292 patients than in the 300 controls (p=0.028). Analysis of the validation cohort of 130 patients confirmed the significant higher number of patients with rare NSVs than controls (p=0.0014). We show that most of the rare variants that are identified only in the patients are predicted to have functional effects on the protein by various algorithms and in-vitro experiments. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that Chinese patients with GTDs have a higher burden of single heterozygous NLRP7 variants which were predicted to have effects on the protein than controls. We suggest that some of these single NSVs may contribute to the genetic susceptibility for GTDs in China.

Topic: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
HUBUNGAN BABY SPA DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DAN FREKUENSI SAKIT PADA BAYI DI SESHA MOM AND BABY SPA

<strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Healthy of infants and toddlers must be considered for physical and mental growth and development, such health is influenced by intake, nutrition and good care. Baby spa is a massage therapy followed by spa health services for babies which has benefits, one of which is increasing physical growth and mental development. Sleep in infants is evenly divided during the day and night which is an adaptation process and is gradually regulated by the maturation of nerve tissue. 22% of 8-month-old babies wake up every night and 10% wake up more than 3 times. The activities of mothers as housewives and working make mothers less able to take the time to apply the exercise Sleep quality is very influential on the well-being of a child such as health. Based on the problems raised, researchers will conduct a study on The relationship between baby spa and sleep quality and frequency of pain in infants at Sesha Mom and Baby Spa in 2021. <strong>Methods:</strong> This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach with ex-post facto data analysis. The study population was babies who did baby spas at Sesha mom and baby spa as many as 20 with a study sample using total sampling. <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a correlation coefficient of massage and spa frequency with sleep quality of 0.168 (positive), meaning that if the frequency of massage and spa is high, sleep quality increases. While the value of the correlation coefficient of Spa frequency with the frequency of illness -2.75 (negative) means that if the number of baby spa frequencies is high, the frequency of illness decreases.<strong>Conclusion:</strong> R= 0.356 where R&gt;0.05 which means the frequency of baby spa is significantly related to the frequency of pain and sleep quality. Need to conduct counseling in the form of Health Education about the benefits of baby spa for mothers who have babies.</em>

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Differential expression of the genes involved in responses to water-deficit stress in peach trees cv. Chimarrita grafted onto two different rootstocks

ABSTRACT Water deficit is responsible for a negative impact on agricultural systems. Several physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes are initiated as a response to water-deficit stress. Quantifying the differential expression of the genes involved in the response to water-deficit stress plays a key role in the development of molecular strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the expression of key genes involved in the water-deficit response process in peach trees cv. Chimarrita grafted onto two different rootstocks. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments that correspond to the evaluation periods: day zero (control), the fourth, seventh, and ninth days of water-deficit stress. Leaf samples of each Chimarrita/rootstock combination were analyzed separately. The expression of the genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and carbohydrate metabolism, namely ACC oxidase, GTL, SDH, SIP1, SOT1, S6PDH, and P5CS was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A differential response was observed in the expression of the SDH, GTL, P5CS, and SIP1 genes between Chimarrita/rootstock (Aldrighi 1 and Tsukuba 2)combinations. In both combinations of grafting, the S6PDH gene presented the highest level of expression at the fourth day of stress. These results show that genes related to carbohydrate and proline metabolism are important molecular markers to identify variability to water-deficit tolerance in Prunus persica.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Presence and Severity of NAFLD are Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Damage

Abstract Context Although cognitive impairment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has received attention in recent years, little is known about detailed cognitive functions in histologically diagnosed individuals. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of liver pathological changes with cognitive features and further explore the underlying brain manifestations. Methods and Patients We performed a cross-sectional study in 320 subjects who underwent liver biopsy. Among the enrolled participants, 225 underwent assessments of global cognition and cognitive subdomains. Furthermore, 70 individuals received functional magnetic resonance imaging scans for neuroimaging evaluations. The associations among liver histological features, brain alterations, and cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation model. Results Compared with controls, patients with NAFLD had poorer immediate memory and delayed memory. Severe liver steatosis (odds ratio, 2.189; 95% CI, 1.020-4.699) and ballooning (OR, 3.655; 95% CI, 1.419-9.414) were related to a higher proportion of memory impairment. Structural magnetic resonance imaging showed that patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis exhibited volume loss in left hippocampus and its subregions of subiculum and presubiculum. Task-based magnetic resonance imaging showed that patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis had decreased left hippocampal activation. Path analysis demonstrated that higher NAFLD activity scores were associated with lower subiculum volume and reduced hippocampal activation, and such hippocampal damage contributed to lower delayed memory scores. Conclusions We are the first to report the presence and severity of NAFLD to be associated with an increased risk of memory impairment and hippocampal structural and functional abnormalities. These findings stress the significance of early cognitive evaluation in patients with NAFLD.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT DIAGRAMS OF Eucalyptus viminalis: PREDICTING STEM VOLUME, BIOMASS AND CANOPY COVER FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCTION PURPOSES

ABSTRACT Stand density management diagrams (SDMD) provide a guide for forest density management taking into account stands attributes such as trees´ diameter or volume. One of the most common species planted in Pampean plains of Argentina is Eucalyptus viminalis for multiple objectives: solid wood use or firewood in local markets, pulp for cellulose industry and to provide services for agriculture and cattle raising (windbreaks or cattle refuge). The objective of this study was to gather the available production information /inventory data and to develop a first SDMD for estimating standing volume, biomass and canopy cover of E. viminalis as a tool for forest managers aiming at different plantation purposes. Data to develop the SDMD were obtained from 161 plots, distributed along a climate and soil gradient. We also generated two predictive equations capable of estimating dominant height from the diameter of the trees as well as canopy cover from stand basal area. As an example of application, the SDMD was used to estimate the wood production of three alternative systems: a) an unmanaged plantation (simulating a common practice in the region), b) a mixed production system such as an agroforestry system, and c) a plantation that maximizes wood biomass or volume production.

Topic: Forest ecology and management
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of circular RNAs hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood as novel biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis

Summary Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNAs that can be used as biomarkers in clinical blood samples. However, little is known about circRNAs' diagnostic values for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, the hsa_circ_0054189, hsa_circ_0008675, hsa_circ_0082689, hsa_circ_0082688, hsa_circ_0010932, hsa_circ_0002473 and hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood were determined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). For hsa_circ_0044235, only one abnormal expression circRNAs in peripheral blood was selected as a targeted circRNA to explore the diagnostic value for RA. Our work demonstrated that the hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood was decreased significantly in RA patients. The hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood from RA patients did not correlate with C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) or disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that the hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood has significant value in the diagnosis of RA. The risk score based on hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood also distinguished significantly the patients with RA from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study suggests that the hsa_circ_0044235 in peripheral blood may be a potential biomarker of patients with RA.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Fairy Tale from Consultative Land

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsD. FergusonDorothy Ferguson is an educational psychologist working with the Education Department's Psychological Service in Northumberland. This fairy tale represents only her own fantasies and not those of her own fairy godpersons. It was accepted for publication in the journal prior to its inclusion in ‘Favourite Fables: A collection’ by Ed Sikes.

Topic: Educational and Psychological Assessments
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of the antifungal effect of voriconazole and fluconazole on oral candidiasis before and during radiotherapy

The current study results showed that voriconazole was not more effective than fluconazole in the treatment of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy.

Topic: Oral health in cancer treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences