jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ICT-supported Learning: Concepts going viral

The COVID-19 pandemic set off unexpected and unprecedented changes in all sectors of the economy, including education. Digitalization and digitization have become the main driving force of the transformation in education practices. The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in a dramatic shift in the way education is delivered. The sudden move to online platforms brought concepts like digital-, online-, mixed-. hybrid-, blended education/learning to the forefront, while other concepts such as elearning, distance and mobile learning are still popular. This paper considers the usage, popularity and spread of these terms, and through backing them with ICT advancement, LMS and Moodle improvements and the time-space-group triangle of elearning, it depicts the viral nature of these narratives. The paper concludes that the use of the terms follows the nature of epidemics.

Topic: Mobile Learning in Education
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
1H-Imidazole-2,5-Dicarboxamides as NS4A Peptidomimetics: Identification of a New Venue to Inhibit HCV-NS3 Protease

The non-structural protein NS3/4A protease is a critical factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) maturation that requires activation by NS4A. Synthetic peptide mutants of NS4A were found to inhibit NS3 function. The bridging from peptide inhibitors to heterocyclic peptidomimetics of NS4A has not been in consideration in literature, and therefore, we decided to explore this strategy to develop a new class of NS3 inhibitors. In this report, a structure-based design approach was used to convert the bound form of NS4A into 1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide derivatives as first generation peptidomimetics. This scaffold mimics the buried amino acid sequence Ile-25` to Arg-28` at the core of NS4A21`-33` needed to activate the NS3 protease. Some of the synthesized MOC compounds were able to compete with and displace NS4A21`-33` for binding to NS3. For instance, N5-(4-guanidinobutyl)-N2-(n-hexyl)-1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide (MOC-24) inhibited the binding of NS4A21`-33` with a competition IC50 of 1.9 &amp;plusmn; 0.12 &amp;micro;M in a fluorescence anisotropy assay, stabilized the denaturation of NS3 by increasing the aggregation temperature by &amp;Delta;Tagg 0.6 &amp;plusmn; 0.140 ℃. MOC-24 also inhibited NS3 protease activity in a fluorometric assay. Molecular dynamics simulations rationalized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) differences between the active MOC-24 and the inactive MOC-26. Our data shows that MOC compounds are possibly the first examples of NS4A peptidomimetics that demonstrated promising activities against NS3 proteins.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protective effects of endothelin-1 antibody on stress induced lesion of gastric mucosa in rats

AIM: To explore the protective effects of endothelin-1 antibody (ET-1Ab) on acute gastric mucosa lesions induced by stress in rats. METHODS: Stress ulcer induced by cold-restraint-stress (CRS) was used as model in this study, different dose ET-1Ab were administered by left femoral vein prior to stress so as to observe the effects of the drug on ET-1 levels in plasma and gastric mucosa, gastric mucosa blood flow (GMBF)and ulcer index(UI) of CRS rats. RESULTS: (1) Compared with the normal control group, ET-1 levels of plasma and gastric mucosa and UI were increased significantly in the stress groups (116.2±24.7 mv and 125.1±24.2 mv vs 49.1±9.7 mv, 113.8±29.3 mv and 122.9±19. 6 mv vs 52.3±10.3 mv, 28.6±1.8 mv and 51.2±5.9 mv vs 0, P <0.01), while GMBF were decreased markedly in stress groups (227.8±13.5 mv and 150.8±11.5 mv vs 405.8±23. 3 mv, P <0.01).There was significantly positive correlation between ET-1 and UI (r =0.96, P <0.01), and significantly negative correlation between ET-1 and GMBF(r = -0.91, P <0.01). (2) However, compared with the single-stress groups, ET-1 levels of plasma and gastric mucosa and UI were decreased significantly in ET-1Ab-stress groups (69.2±7.3 mv vs 116.2±24.7 mv, 80.6±12.3 mv vs 125.1±24.2 mv, 58.5±6.3 mv vs 113.8±29.3 mv, 68.9±9.6 mv vs 122.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New classes of unified fractional integral inequalities

Many researchers in recent years have studied fractional integrals and derivatives. Some authors recently introduced generalized fractional integrals, the so-called unified fractional integrals. In this article, we establish certain new integral inequalities by employing the unified fractional integral operators. In fact, for a class of $ n $ $ (n\in\mathbb{N}), $ positive continuous and decreasing functions on $ [v_1, v_2], $ certain new classes of integral inequalities are discussed. The inequalities established in this manuscript are more general forms of the classical inequalities given in the literature. The existing classical inequalities can be rectified by imposing the conditions stated in remarks. By imposing certain conditions on $ \hbar $ and $ \Lambda $ available in the literature, many new forms of fractional integral inequalities can be produced.

Topic: Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Rare Manifestation of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Case Report

Bleeding is a critical sign in many patients and continues or recurrent hemorrhage leads to emergency department (ED) visits. Epistaxis alone is a common problem, but when it presented with simultaneous otorrhagia become a very unpleasant event. Spontaneous epistaxis and otorrhagia necessitate imaging assessment to identification of underlying cause. A ruptured aneurysm or a possible underlying SAH should be evaluated by brain Computed Tomography. Advance diagnostic modalities for detection of underlying cause of SAH include: Computed Tomography Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Digital Subtraction Angiography. A 57-years-old woman was referred to our tertiary hospital emergency department (ED) with otorrhagia and epistaxis. She had no history of headache, head trauma, hypertension and drug usage. In physical examination her vital signs were normal and Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 15. She had bilateral epistaxis and neurologic examination revealed no pathologic findings. ENT consultation was done, otoscopy reveal a normal tympanic membrane with bloody otorrhagia in the left external auditory canal. The epistaxis stop spontaneously and there was no finding on nose examination. She underwent further investigation for intracranial aneurysm or hemorrhage. Brain CT scan was performed and showed Sub Arachnoids Hemorrhage (SAH). She was candidate for brain CT angiography, which was normal. The patient, discharged from hospital after 1 week with stable vital sign and normal Brain CT scanning.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Monkey pox virus: A review

The monkey pox virus, which was formerly only found in Africa, is a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopox virus disease that has drawn increasing attention because of its potential to spread from person to person and because it has recently become more prevalent throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The origin of this virus is still unknown, and as the COVID-19 pandemic starts to fade, several countries throughout the world are now dealing with a new outbreak. The virus that causes monkey pox is communicable between humans and animals and is a member of the Orthopox virus genus within the poxviridae family. The 1970s saw an increase in monkey pox cases as a result of the smallpox immunization being discontinued, a development that garnered attention worldwideThe virus was named monkey pox because it was first observed in macaque monkey’s . It thought to be transmitted by several different rodents and small mammals, though the origin of the virus is not known. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure or treatment for monkey pox , however, supportive care can be offered to improve its symptoms. In several cases, medication like ST-246 may be administered. However, there are no established guidelines for symptom management in monkey pox cases. In this article we have discussed about different aspects of monkey pox virus replication, structure, transmission, vaccination, clinical manifestations, treatment and current recurrence in the world. We will also review the recent outbreak through a Political lens as related to decision making strategies, especially given the lessons learn from COVID-19.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Graded Dose of Honey Administered Orally on Gonadal and Extra-Gonadal Sperm Reserves of Rabbit

Honey is a nutritive natural by-product of bees obtained from nectar collected from flowering plants. It contains moisture, sugars, enzymes, essential elements and vitamins. This study is designed to determine the effects of graded dose of honey administered orally on gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reverses of rabbit. Twelve apparently healthy male rabbit (buck) aged two months weighing 4 ±1.2 kg were purchased and housed in a cages at the Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Maiduguri. The rabbits were fed, grower mesh and supplemented with groundnut leaves, drinking water was provided ad libitum. The rabbits were acclimatized for 14 days. Thereafter, they were randomly divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D as treatment groups and control group, respectively, with 3 rabbits in each group. Groups A, B and C were administered orally graded dose of honey at the dose rate of (5, 10 and 15) ml respectively, between 9:00 – 10:00 am daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period the rabbits were aseptically prepared for surgical removal of their testes. The testes and epididymides were carefully sampled, weighed and processed. The results revealed that the right, left, and paired testicles weights were not significantly different among the treatment groups compared to the control (group D). However, the testicular sperm reserves were significantly (P &lt;0.05) influenced by the treatments. Sperm reserves in both left and right testicles of rabbits treated with 5 ml of honey were not significantly different with the group that was administered with 10ml of water but, groups that were administered 10ml and 15ml of honey were significantly (P&gt;&lt;0.05) higher than the group that was administered with 5 ml of honey compared to the group treated with 10 ml of water. The epididymal sperm reserves were significantly (P&gt;&lt;0.05) higher than the groups treated with 10 ml and 15 ml of honey compared to the group treated with 5 ml of honey and the group treated with 10 ml of water. This study suggests that honey has the potential to influence gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbits at dosage of 10- 15 ml per day for optimum quantity and quality of semen&gt;

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Strength of parrot flight feathers is a function of position on the wing

Abstract Powered flight in birds is reliant on feathers forming an aerodynamic surface that resists air pressures. Many basic aspects of feather functionality are unknown, which hampers our understanding of wing function in birds. This study measured the dimensions of primary and secondary flight feathers of 19 species of parrots. The maximum force the feathers could withstand from below was also measured to mimic the pressures experienced during a downstroke. The analysis tested whether: (1) feather dimensions differed along the wing and among secondary and primary remiges; (2) the force that feathers could withstand varied among the remiges; and (3) there would be isometric relationships with body mass for feather characteristics. The results show that body mass significantly affected vane width, rachis thickness, maximum force, and ultimate bending moment, but the relationship for feather length only approached significance. Many of the proximal secondary feathers showed significantly lower values relative to the first primary, whereas for distal primaries the values were greater. There were isometric relationships for force measurements of primary and secondary feathers with body mass, but there was positive allometry for feather lengths and vane widths. The forces feathers can withstand vary along the wing may be a proxy for the aerodynamic properties of the feathers in situ. Broader taxonomic studies that explore these topics are required for other species representing a range of different orders. A better understanding of the functionality of feathers will improve our understanding of how avian flight works particularly considering the variety in flight style and wing shape in birds.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ramanujan's $q$-continued fractions

Ramanujan's $q$-continued fractions are a central part of Ramanujan's development of basic hypergeometric series. They appear in Chapter 16 of Part III and Chapter 32 of Part V of {\em Ramanujan's Notebooks} edited by Berndt, and in Volume I of Andrews and Berndt's {\em Ramanujan's Lost Notebook}. In these references the continued fractions as presented in the order in which they appear in Ramanujan's original notebooks. We summarize the work of several authors on this topic and re-organize Ramanujan's $q$-continued fractions.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Identities
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crossing Number Graphs

In 1940, the Hungarian mathematician Paul Turan was sent to a forced labor camp by the Nazis. Though every part of his life was brutally controlled, he still managed to do serious mathematics under the most extreme conditions. While forced to collect wire from former neighborhoods, he would be thinking about mathematics. When he found scraps of paper, he wrote down his theorems and conjectures. Some of these scraps were smuggled to Paul Erdős. One problem he developed is now called the brick factory problem.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Place for Technology in Parent Education: An Exploratory Study of Parent Perceptions

The current study sought to identify what parents would perceive to be helpful in terms of including technology topics in parent education programs, rather than assuming what would be best for parents. Parents were recruited for participation from a western state in the United States between 2012 and 2013. A qualitative approach was used to analyze parental responses (N = 168) regarding what topics/areas would be beneficial if they attended an educational offering relating to teens and technology. Parents indicated they wanted specific direction and skills relating to the practice of implementing parental mediation, and information about staying current with the technology trends. Other findings focused on the difficulty of getting parents to commit to such education.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design Insights of Nanosheet FET and CMOS Circuit Applications at 5-nm Technology Node

In this article, FinFET, vertically stacked gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW), and nanosheet (NS) FETs performance are estimated with equal effective channel widths ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) at the 5-nm technology node (N5). The comparison reveals that NS FET exhibits the highest ON current ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), the lowest OFF current ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), and the largest <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio with better subthreshold performance. We also explore the geometrical variation of the NS FET toward better dc and analog/RF applications and outlined the necessary design guidelines. Moreover, the robustness of NS FET for temperature variations is also performed and analyzed. Finally, the effect of NS width ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{NS}_{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) on common source (CS) amplifier, CMOS inverter, and ring oscillator circuits is performed by the Verilog-A model in the CADENCE simulator. An increment of 45.11% in oscillation frequency ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{osc}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), 155.5% rise in CS amplifier gain, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> increment in energy-delay product (EDP), and marginal reduction in inverter noise margin (NM) is noticed with larger <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{NS}_{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . From the result analysis, it is noticed that for sub-5-nm technological nodes, NS FETs exhibit superior performance and ensure fundamental scaling.

Topic: Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
$X(4260)$ Revisited: A Coupled Channel Perspective

We calculate the probabilities of various charmed meson molecules for $X(4260)$ under the framework of ${}^3P_0$ model. The results indicate that even though heavy quark spin symmetry forbids $S$ wave coupling of $D_1\bar{D}$ to the ${}^3S_1$ charmonia ($ψ(nS)$), the $D$ wave coupling is allowed and not negligible. Under this symmetry, the $D_1\bar{D}$ can couple to ${}^3D_1$ charmonia ($ψ(nD)$) via both $S$ and $D$ wave, and the overall coupling is around three times larger than that of $ψ(nS)$. The $X(4260)$ cannot be a pure molecule but a mixture of a charmonium and various charmed meson components. Since the $D_1\bar{D}$ couples strongly to $ψ(nD)$, our results suggest that in the $D_1\bar{D}$ molecular picture, the charmonium core of $X(4260)$ is $ψ(nD)$ instead of $ψ(nS)$. As a result, the experimental fact that the $R$ ratio has a dip around 4.26 GeV can be understood in the $D_1\bar{D}$ molecular picture of the $X(4260)$.

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of Basic Wood Decay Mechanisms and Their Biotechnological Applications

available for inspection. I further agree that permission for &amp;quot;fair use &amp;quot; copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Librarian. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature:

Topic: Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular Characterization of an Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated from an Outbreak in Vaccinated Layers

An infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain CT/7852/97 was isolated from a commercial layer flock experiencing decreased egg production and poor egg quality. Reciprocal virus neutralization test demonstrated that the isolate was closely related to Massachusetts, Arkansas, and JMK. With the use of both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods, results consistently showed that CT/7852/97 isolate was Massachusetts serotype specific only. The nucleotide sequence of S1 polypeptide coding region of CT/7852/97 was determined and compared with the published sequences of 12 IBV strains from North America. The highest nucleotide homology with H120 (97%) and the least homology (62%) with Delaware (De/072/92) were observed. Massachusetts 41 and Beaudette shared 94% and 93%, respectively, nucleotide similarity with CT/7852/97, and Connecticut, JMK, and Arkansas 99 had 94%, 83%, and 78%, respectively, nucleotide similarity with CT/7852/97. Furthermore, no possible recombination site on S1 gene among Massachusetts 41, Arkansas 99, and JMK was detected in the isolate.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Trading Volume and Transaction Costs in Specialist Markets

ABSTRACT Prior work with competitive rational expectations equilibrium models indicates that there should be a positive relation between trading volume and differences in beliefs or information among traders. We show that this result is sensitive to whether and how transaction costs are modeled. In a specialist market with endogenous transaction costs we show that trading volume can be negatively related to the degree of informational asymmetry in the market. Our analysis highlights the dependence of volume on market structure, and our results suggest that the “volume effects” of corporate or macroeconomic events reflect a decrease, rather than an increase, in heterogeneity of beliefs or asymmetry of information.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Cross-wavelet transform as a new paradigm for feature extraction from noisy partial discharge pulses

In this work a new approach based on cross-wavelet transform towards identification of noisy Partial Discharge (PD) patterns has been proposed. Different partial discharge patterns are recorded from the various samples prepared with known defects. A novel cross-wavelet transform based technique is used for feature extraction from raw noisy partial discharge signals. Noise is a significant problem in PD detection. The proposed method eliminates the requirement of denoising prior to processing and therefore it can be used to develop an automated and intelligent PD detector that requires minimal human expertise during its operation and analysis. A rough-set theory (RST) based classifier is used to classify the extracted features. Results show that the partial discharge patterns can be classified properly from the noisy waveforms. The effectiveness of the feature extraction methodology has also been verified with two other commonly used classification techniques: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based classifier and Fuzzy classifier. It is found that the type of defect within insulation can be classified efficiently with the features extracted from cross-wavelet spectra of PD waveforms by all of these methods with a reasonable degree of accuracy.

Topic: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences