jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of A(n) tracts within the UP element proximal subsite of a model promoter on kinetics of open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.

In the open transcription complex (RPo), Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma(70) and alpha subunits are known to be in contact with each other and with the promoter region overlapping the -35 hexamer and the proximal part of the UP element. To probe the effect of A(n) DNA bending tracts in this region on initiation of transcription, kinetics of the formation of RPo by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at two groups of synthetic consensus-like promoters bearing single DNA bending tracts (i). A(5 )within the proximal subsite region of the UP element (promoters Pk and Pl) and (ii). A(5)(Pg) or A(8)(Pm) in the region including the downstream end of the proximal UP subsite and the -35 consensus hexamer was studied in vitro using the fluorescence-detected abortive initiation assay. The kinetic data obtained demonstrate that the overall second-order rate constant k(a) of RPo formation is: (i.by almost one order of magnitude larger at Pk and Pl, relative to that at a control unbent promoter, and mainly due to a higher value of the equilibrium constant, K(1), of the initial closed complex; and (ii). several-fold smaller at Pg and Pm owing to a strongly decreased value of K(1). For Pm, the latter parameter was found to be dependent exponentially on four Mg(2+) ions, as compared with the seven ions remaining in equilibrium with the initial closed complex at the parent Pa promoter. This indicates that promoter region bearing a stiff A(8).T(8) fragment of B -DNA forms a smaller number of ionic contacts with the alpha subunit. These findings provide a new insight to and support the present model of interactions between RNA polymerase alpha and sigma(70) subunits with the proximal UP subsite and the -35 region of promoters.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Menstrual disorders in early puberty in girls of 14-17 years old.

One of the most important events in one’s life is the period of adolescence and maturity. The factor for recognizing the real maturity in young girls is the first menstruation (monthly period). Against that monthly period is not a deniable happening, it has not been written about its effective factors. The girls don’t know enough about adolescence, maturity and related disorders. If they don’t have enough knowledge and can not adapt to the situation, the bad effects with the mental problems will appear in their conjugal life as well as the society. Hence, it is necessary to consider this case. The present study is an analytic and descriptive study. The samples included 1536 girls, 14 data collecting tool was a checklist including 2 parts and statistical inferential methods were used for analyzing the data. Results of the study show disorders of monthly period in the girls as Amenorrhea 5.7% Menorrhagia 11.11% , Polymenorrhea 14.6%, Hypermenorrhea 22.9% , Olygomenorrhea 24.6% , Hypomenorrhea 12.9% , Metrorrhagia 11.7%, Dysmenorrhea 75% , in this study, significant statistic relationship was found among menstruation and doing exercise (P=0.047), BMI (P=0.003), Stress (P<0.001), and therefore to satisfy and improve the girls’ health, it seems necessary to consider reducing pain during menstruation, nourishment, weight controlling and reducing stress factors as well as planning to do exercises especially at schools.

Topic: Physical Education and Training Studies
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Monitoring of fast Transformations in Solid State Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis by QEXAFS in the Second Scale

The present paper points out the possibility of investigating solid-solid transformations using time dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS) on a second scale. For this purpose, new crystal driving mechanics were developed which enable the measurement of complete x-ray absorption spectra extending over up to 2000 eV with repetition frequencies of up to 40 Hz and the possibility of monitoring a reference sample simultaneously. This permits to detect even very small changes of the edge position—and thus the chemical valency of the species of interest—with a high accuracy. The application of the new set up is demonstrated for the in situ analysis of the thermal decomposition of Co-oxalate-hydrate in different gas atmospheres. The results prove that the details of the decomposition process and the formed reaction products depend sensitively on the composition of the gas atmosphere.

Topic: Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage of Adults Aged ≥20 Years Who Used Antidepressant Medications* in the Past 30 Days, by Sex and Marital Status — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2015–2018

BothMen WomenMarried or living with partner Divorced/Separated/Widowed Never married Percentage * The names of prescription medications taken in the last 30 days were obtained from containers reviewed during the household interview.Antidepressants were identified using a database from the medical information provider, Cerner Multum, Inc.During 2015-2018, 13.6% of adults aged ≥20 years used prescription antidepressant medications in the past 30 days.Antidepressant use was higher among divorced, separated, or widowed (20.5%) adults than among either married or living with partner (12.3%) or never married (10.8%) adults.There was no difference in use between married and never married adults.These same patterns were observed for both men and women.Within every marital status category, a higher percentage of women compared with men took antidepressants.

Topic: Treatment of Major Depression
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic Diversity Quantification and Characterization of Spore-Forming Bacteria Isolated from Milk Powder Produced in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil

Abstract Heat treatment used in milk powder processing cannot always inactivate spore-forming microorganisms. Toxin deterioration and production by some species are significant concerns for the dairy industry, making the identification of these microorganisms essential for solving problems with the quality of the products. Given this scenario, this study sought to quantify and identify the predominant species in milk powder, aiming to know the isolated genetic varieties. Fourteen samples were analyzed for aerobic/anaerobic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacterial spore presence, totaling 52 analyses. Spore contamination was verified in all samples analyzed, and the thermophilic spores had the highest contamination levels. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed 47 isolates: Weizmannia coagulans (21%), Anoxybacillus flavithermus (5.3%), Clostridium butyricum (5.3%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2.6%), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (2.6%), Clostridium pabulibutyricum (2.6%), Clostridium sporosphaeroides (2.6%), Bacillus licheniformis (2.6%), Bacillus sp. (34%), Geobacillus sp. (15.8%), and Clostridium sp. (5.3%). The results indicate the need to establish control measures to improve the hygiene and processing conditions of powdered milk, thereby ensuring product quality and consumer safety.

Topic: Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Characteristics and Conservative Management

Abstract Clinical and radiographic characteristics of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) were poorly documented in previous literature. And the optimal management strategy for MD-ACL remains unclear. Here, we summarized the characteristics associated with MD-ACL, and evaluated the clinical outcome of conservative management to MD-ACL.A total of 18 knees in 18 patients diagnosed with MD-ACL were collected and reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent conservative management and two patients underwent arthroscopic surgery. Baseline demographic, clinical data, and pathologic changes of knee in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. Clinical outcome was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). The most common clinical characteristic in patients with MD-ACL was knee pain (18/18), and seconded by mobility limitation (38.9%, 7/18). All patients presented a typical celery stalk sign with increased signal and diffuse thickening volume in the ACL in MRI. Thirteen patients companied with meniscus tear (72.2%, 13/18), and nine complicated with cartilage injury (50.0%, 9/18). Sixteen patients who underwent conservative treatment were followed up for 21.8 months, and a positive clinical outcome was observed with VAS decreasing from 5.3 ± 2.3 to 1.5 ± 1.9 and OKS decreasing from 27.5 ± 12.7 to 17.9 ± 11.8 (p &lt; 0.001). The post-OKS score was highly correlated with age, duration of disease, and meniscus tear (r = 0.844, 0.707, and 0.474, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). And the post-VAS highly correlated with age (r = 0.693, p &lt; 0.05). Two patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery were followed up for 24.5 months, and the pain and function of knee was improved. Knee pain and meniscus tear was the main characteristic of MD-ACL in clinical and radiographic exam. Conservative treatment could be an alternative management for treatment of MD-ACL with positive clinical outcome. Old age, long duration of disease and complications from meniscus tears were associated with inferior outcome of conservative treatment for MD-ACL. Level of evidence IV.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation of the effect of Agmatine in Rotenone induced Parkinson's Disease Model in Rats

Introduction: Agmatine is an endogenous decarboxylation product which is obtained from arginine by arginine-decarboxylase. Exogenously administered agmatine was demonstrated as neuroprotective, anti-oxidant and antidepressant in experimental animal models. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of agmatine in rotenone induced Parkinson model in rats.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Economic Analysis of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Production Under Different Solar Energy Alternatives in a Commercial Biofloc System in Colombia

The study investigates the economic aspects of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) production using biofloc technology under different electrical energy sources. Conducted at the El Vergel Fish Farming Association in Arauca, Colombia, the study examines four energy treatments: conventional energy (CE), combined conventional and photovoltaic energy (CPVE), full photovoltaic energy (PVE), and simulation of photovoltaic energy generating surplus for nighttime use (PVES). The water quality and zootechnical performance met the species requirements, with dissolved oxygen decreasing as fish size increased. The PVE treatment had the highest initial investment due to solar panels and battery costs, but it also had the lowest operating energy costs. However, the overall costs of the PVE treatment increased due to depreciation and maintenance. Feed was the largest production cost, followed by labor in most treatments, while depreciation was a major cost for the PVE treatment. The total operating cost (TOC) of the photovoltaic energy systems (PVE and PVES) was lower compared to that of conventional energy (CE), with PVES showing the highest cost savings. The reduction in energy costs highlights the potential for solar energy systems to enhance the economic viability of aquaculture production, making these systems a favorable option for sustainable production in the long term.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cephalometric predictors of optimal soft tissue profile outcomes in growing Asian skeletal class II subjects treated with twin-block appliance: A retrospective study

Background: Clark's Twin-Block (TB) functional appliance is commonly used to treat mandibular deficiency in skeletal class II growing patients. There have been no prior research that have examined determinants of a optimal soft tissue profile outcome after TB utilising both subjective and objective assessments of soft tissue profile outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify predictors for favorable soft tissue outcomes after TB appliance.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 subjects treated with TB equally divided into favorable and unfavorable groups. Soft tissue outcomes after TB were assessed subjectively (panel of orthodontists using Visual analog scale (VAS)) and objectively (via cephalometric soft tissue measurements). Sample obtaining 60% of VAS and normal post-treatment soft tissue measurements were included in the favorable group. Paired and independent sample t-test was used to compare cephalometric measurements within and between the groups. Predictors of favorable outcomes were identified using the logistic regression analysis.Results: Statistically significant differences in pre-treatment values between favorable and unfavorable groups were observed for SN to mandibular plane angle, anterior facial height, ANB angle, pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance, lower incisor to pogonion distance, upper lip to S and E line distances (p ≤ 0.05) and lower lip to S and E line distances (p ≤ 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found the decreased value of lower lip to E line (95% CI: 0.142, 0.800) and decreased pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance (95% CI: 1.05, 1.85) to be significantly associated with favorable soft tissue profile outcomes.Conclusions: Cephalometric assessment is an effective predictor of favorable soft-tissue outcomes after TB appliance therapy. Orthodontists can achieve favorable improvement of the soft tissue profile after TB therapy if patients presented with recumbent lower lip to E line and decreased distance of pogonion from nasion perpendicular at the start of treatment.

Topic: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Cost-Effectiveness of Dengue Vaccination in Indonesia: Considering Integrated Programs with Wolbachia-Infected Mosquitos and Health Education

Despite the fact that morbidity and mortality rates due to dengue infection in Indonesia are relatively high, a dengue vaccination has not yet been introduced. Next to vaccination, Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes and health education have been considered to be potential interventions to prevent dengue infection in Indonesia. This study was aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination in Indonesia whilst taking Wolbachia and health education programs into account. An age-structured decision tree model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness. Approximately 4,701,100 children were followed-up in a 10-year time horizon within a 1-year analytical cycle. We compared three vaccination strategies: one focussing on vaccination only, another combining vaccination and a Wolbachia program, and a third scenario combining vaccination and health education. All scenarios were compared with a no-intervention strategy. The result showed that only vaccination would reduce dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) by 123,203; 97,140 and 283 cases, respectively. It would save treatment cost at $10.3 million and $6.2 million from the healthcare and payer perspectives, respectively. The combination of vaccination and a Wolbachia program would reduce DF, DHF and DSS by 292,488; 230,541; and 672 cases, respectively. It would also save treatment cost at $24.3 million and $14.6 million from the healthcare and payer perspectives, respectively. The combination of vaccination and health education would reduce DF, DHF, and DSS by 187,986; 148,220; and 432 cases, respectively. It would save treatment cost at $15.6 million and $9.4 million from the healthcare and payer perspectives, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) from the healthcare perspective were estimated to be $9995, $4460, and $6399 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for the respective scenarios. ICERs from the payer perspective were slightly higher. It can be concluded that vaccination combined with a Wolbachia program was confirmed to be the most cost-effective intervention. Dengue infection rate, vaccine efficacy, cost of Wolbachia program, underreporting factor for hospitalization, vaccine price and mortality rate were considered to be the most influential parameters affecting the ICERs.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1670364.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Implications for the Mechanism of Spectrin Dimer Self-Association

aI/74 hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a subgroup of HE in which patients exhibit an impaired self-association of spectrin dimers and an abnormal proteolytic cleavage of the al domain of spectrin. We studied a family in which the proband presented with a severe neonatal hemolytic anemia with poikilocytosis. Biochemical analysis oferythrocytes from the proband and his family members allowed us to ascertain a diagnosis of homozygosity for aI/74HE in the proband and heterozygosity in his parents and several of their offspring. Results of polymorphism linkage analysis suggested that the defect in this family was located in ,8 rather than a spectrin. We analyzed the 3' end of the f8-spectrin gene of the proband and detected a mutation that changes a codon for alanine to one for proline. Allele-specific oligomer hybridization on slot blots of DNA from other family members confirmed the presence of the mutation only in members heterozygous for the disorder. This is the first example of a point mutation in the fl-spectrin chain that is associated with defective spectrin dimer self-association and an abnormal proteolytic cleavage of the a chain. Based on this finding, we propose a model for the mechanism of interaction between the a- and j-spectrin chains. (J. Clin. Invest.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Hot-via Chip-to-substrate Interconnect for Ultra-compact System Package Application up to W Band

A hot-via chip-to-substrate interconnect with its operation frequency up to W-band for ultra-compact radio frequency (RF) system in package (SIP) is reported in this paper.In order to improve the accuracy of the simulation model in millimeter wave bands, a trapezoidal platform model is established for modeling the RF performance of the hot-via which is formed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process.A three hot-vias structure in a gallium arsenide (GaAs) chip is employed to form a Ground-Signal-Ground (GSG) transition structure.Bumps on the Silicon substrate are designed as a half quasi-coaxial structure to make it compatible with the assembly process of SIP.A full-wave simulation model is established for a hot-via chip-to-substrate interconnect structure with HFSS, based on which structural parameters, such as the gap between the hot-vias and the radius of the quasi-coaxial structure, are optimized for the best performance over 92-96 GHz.A prototype of the hot-via chip-to-substrate interconnects in their back-to-back connected form has been fabricated.Measured results demonstrate that the overall insertion loss is less than 1.85 dB, and the return loss is better than 12 dB from 92 GHz to 96 GHz.

Topic: 3D IC and TSV technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 663886: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The association between eveningness and autistic traits: Mediating effects of depression and insomnia

There is a lack of research on the relationships between autistic traits and morningness-eveningness. The current research explored associations between autistic traits (preferences for routine, difficulties with imagination, difficulties with social skills, fixations with numbers and patterns, and difficulties with attention switching) and morningness-eveningness, including the component of Morning Affect (alertness/energy upon awakening). The potential mediation effects of depression and insomnia were also tested. 163 adults (university students and general population) completed an online survey including questionnaire measures of autistic traits, morningness-eveningness, depression, and insomnia. Positive correlations were found between most autistic trait subcomponents, depression, and insomnia. The autistic trait of difficulties in attention switching was correlated with more eveningness and with less Morning Affect, but significant correlations were not observed with any other autistic trait. Depression mediated the relationship between eveningness and difficulties in attention switching. Although insomnia alone was not a significant mediator, when combined with depression in a serial mediator model, a significant mediation effect was shown. The current results suggest that greater eveningness may be related with the autistic trait of difficulties in attention switching possibly through the mechanism of increased insomnia and elevated risk for depression. These findings may potentially inform interventions.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences