jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrated Group Study with Lecture in Teaching Sensory and Motor Pathways in Cross‐sectional Anatomy

Introduction First year dental students are trained to interpret clinical presentations of injuries on brainstem or spinal cord. Therefore, it is necessary for them to understand the three major sensory and motor pathways (dorsal column/medial lemniscal system, anterolateral system, corticospinal tracts) that go through brainstem and spinal cord, including their functions and cross‐sectional anatomy. Aim The present lesson was designed for first year students at Boston University School of Dental Medicine to learn the three sensory and motor pathways by using cross‐sectional figures of brainstem and spinal cord, and help students to apply the knowledge in clinical cases. Methods Three sessions with the same contents were held on two days. Two sessions were held on the first day containing 30 students in total, and the last session was held on the fifth day containing 20 students. The lesson started with a pre‐quiz, and then students worked in groups of 4 to 5 people to order cross‐sectional figures of brainstem and spinal cord. Then, the instructor gave a lecture to explain the answer, followed by a brief review on sensory and motor pathways. In the second group activity, students were asked to label the three pathways on the cross‐sectional figures. In the third group activity, students were given the location of a lesion on brainstem, and then were asked to discuss the potential clinical presentations. Instructor explained the answers after each activity. At the end, students took a post‐quiz. Both pre‐quiz and post‐quiz had a full score of 5, containing 2 questions on clinical cases, 1 question on pathway, 2 questions on cross‐section anatomy. All questions were multiple choice. The levels of difficulty in two quizzes are similar. Results The average scores from pre‐quiz and post‐quiz were compared by conducting a t‐test. Students showed significantly improvement in the post‐quiz as compared to pre‐quiz (pre: 1.50+/−1.07; post: 3.12+/−1.05; p&lt;0.00001). Both pre and post scores of students attending on the fifth day were significantly higher as compared to the pre and post scores of students on the first day (pre: day1=1.20; day5=1.95; p=0.01; post: day1=2.76; day5=3.65; p=0.003). A t‐test was conducted to compare group differences of the improvements (first day vs. fifth day). Improvements of students were defined as the differences between post and pre‐quiz scores, and the improvements were not significantly different based on the day of the session (p=0.69). Conclusion Students showed significant improvement in understanding cross‐sectional anatomy of three major sensory and motor pathways after group study integrating with lectures. In addition, the effectiveness of this teaching methods was not affected by the baseline scores of students.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antimycobacterial and Anticancer Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Extract

Background: Plant-derived products or extracts are widely used in folk/traditional medicine to treat several infections, ailments, or disorders. A well-known medicinal herb, Myrtus communis is an evergreen fragrant plant native to the Mediterranean region that has been used for ages in traditional medicine around the world. Materials and methods: The microplate alamarBlue assay and the well diffusion method were used to evaluate the zone of inhibition and MIC, respectively. The double-disc diffusion method was used to investigate the synergy between antibiotics and the extract. The crystal violet method was used to investigate biofilm development. The SulphoRhodamine-B assay and DNA flow cytometry were used to investigate the proliferation and subsequent distribution of cells among different phases of the cell cycle. The apoptotic and necrotic phases of the cancer cells were examined using flow cytometry in conjunction with Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling. Using the IBM SPSS statistical program, a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of M. communis showed a strong growth inhibition effect (zone of inhibition: 20.3 ± 1.1–26.3 ± 2.5 mm, MIC: 4.88–312.5 µg/mL, and MBC: 39.07–1250 μg/mL) against several rapidly growing and slow-growing mycobacterial strains in a dose-dependent manner. Damage to the cell wall of bacterial cells was determined to be the cause of the antimycobacterial action. The extract inhibited biofilm formation (MBIC of 9.7 µg/mL) and eradicated already-formed mature and ultra-mature biofilms of M. smegmatis, with MBEC values of 78 µg/mL and 156 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the extract exhibited potent anticancer effects against diverse cancer cell lines of the breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), cervix (HeLa), and colon (HCT116) (IC50 for HCT116: 83 ± 2.5, HepG2: 53.3 ± 0.6, MCF-7: 41.5 ± 0.6, and HeLa: 33.3 ± 3.6) by apoptosis after arresting the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conclusions: These results suggest that M. communis leaf extract is a potential source of secondary metabolites that could be further developed as potential anticancer and antimycobacterial agents to treat diverse types of cancers and mycobacterial infections.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Material sample)" ] } }, "TaxonKey is Barbastella caspica Satunin, 1908", "Continent is one of (Africa)", "Year is greater than or equal to 1900" ] } The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025378-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pleuroparenchimal fibroelastosis: prevalence of secondary and idiopathic forms in our experience

Poster: ECR 2015 / C-1507 / Pleuroparenchimal fibroelastosis: prevalence of secondary and idiopathic forms in our experience by: Mariani, B. Gatti, A. Rocca, F. Bonifazi, A. Cavazza, S. Fanti, M. Zompatori; Bologna/IT

Topic: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhancement of Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Thyroid Cancer Patients in Vitro

The aim of our study was to determine the chromosomal fragility of thyroid cancer patients in vitro. The cytogenetic methodology used in our study, was the SCEs (sister chromatid exchanges technique). FPG (fluorescence plus giemsa) method, was used in order to dye chromosomes. PRI (proliferation rate index), MI (mitotic index), AGT (average generation time) and PDT (population doubling time) were also counted. CPT-11 (Irinotecan), an original alkyliotic agent, was used in our experiments as a positive control. Samples from 19 thyroid cancer patients and 13 healthy donors were controlled. The levels of SCEs were analyzed as a quantitative index of genotoxicity and the PRI and the MI were estimated as qualitative indices of cytostaticity and cytotoxicity, respectively. After CPT-11 addition in human lymphocytes cultures, the chromosomes of the cancer patients had a significant increase of the mean SCEs frequency. PRI and MI of treated with CPT-11 and untreated lymphocytes of thyroid cancer patients were significantly lower than those of healthy donors. The results suggested that peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes of cancer patients are highly fragile and the alkyliotic agents increase their genetic instability. It appears that the increased SCE levels in peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosomes of thyroid cancer patients often result in chromosomal brittleness.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research Progress in High-Efficiency Utilization of Nitrogen in Rapeseed

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important mineral elements for plant growth and development and a key factor for improving crop yield. Rapeseed, Brassica napus, is the largest oil crop in China, producing more than 50% of the domestic vegetable oil. However, high N fertilizer input with low utilization efficiency not only increases the production cost but also causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the breeding of rapeseed with high N efficiency is of great strategic significance to ensure the security of grain and oil and the sustainable development of the rapeseed industry. In order to provide reference for genetic improvement of rapeseed N-efficient utilization, in this article, we mainly reviewed the recent research progress of rapeseed N efficiency, including rapeseed N efficiency evaluation, N-efficient germplasm screening, and N-efficient physiological and molecular genetic mechanisms.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, argyrophilic grain disease, and rarer neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders include a variety of cognitive and motor syndromes with varying clinical presentations and pathologic findings. Tauopathies are a distinct subset due to abnormal deposition of the protein tau and include corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy which will be discussed in this chapter, as well as some forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha synuclein leads to another spectrum of parkinsonian disorders including multiple system atrophy which has prominent autonomic dysfunction. Clinical syndromes along with neuropsychology, imaging findings, neuropathologic features, and management options will be discussed for each disorder.

Topic: Neurological diseases and metabolism
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Creating value in oversupplied markets: The case of Charlottesville, Virginia, hotels

The hotel industry remains haunted by the room supply resulting from the 1980s building boom. Demand has recovered somewhat from the 1991 recession, but not enough to absorb the supply overhang. This mature industry, mired in overcapacity, is characterized by high exit barriers, low entry barriers, and numerous, diverse competitors. As a result the past four years have been a period of wholesale destruction of value, with many hotels selling at distressed prices. However, even under such adverse conditions, a few well-positioned players managed to achieve competitive advantage and create value. The Charlottesville, Virginia, market offers a microcosm of those conditions. Dissecting that market with an analysis of strategies shows that a differentiation strategy with careful cost containment was successful in creating value. In particular, limited-service entrants were able to sustain their competitive advantage. On the other hand, a differentiation strategy that depended on premium pricing failed to create value for three different properties. Finally, the analysis makes clear that although overhanging debt damaged value, even debt-free properties were not able to create value absent a differentiating strategy.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of dose dependent effects of phenformin and metformin in cancer cell lines.

&lt;p&gt;Cells were treated for 2(A) or the number of live cells (B–F) was determined. (A) E6E7Ras cells, a mouse model of HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, (B) B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, (C) A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, (D) MCF7 human breast cancer cells, (E) CT26 mouse colon cancer cells, and (F) DU145 human prostate cancer cells. *: P&lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MHIBS-Net: Multiscale hierarchical network for indoor building structure point clouds semantic segmentation

Efficient and accurate segmentation of indoor building structure (IBS) from complex indoor scenes is the primary task of indoor 3D modeling. At present, the research on semantic segmentation of indoor scenes mainly focuses on multiple types of objects, while there are few studies on semantic segmentation of IBS. In this paper, we introduce an efficient and lightweight multiscale hierarchical network MHIBS-Net for semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds. On the one hand, normal vector information (NVI) is added and a relative position encoding (RPE) unit is designed in feature encoding (FE) to better capture the local geometric structure information of the IBS point clouds. On the other hand, the traditional feature decoding (FD) process is improved by a newly designed multilevel hierarchy FD method. In this way, the MHIBS-Net can capture the local and global features of IBS point clouds comprehensively so as to realize automatic and efficient semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds. Finally, several groups of experiments are designed to compare and analyze the proposed MHIBS-Net with some classical semantic segmentation networks, and the Stanford large-scale 3D indoor spaces (S3DIS) dataset is used for experimental verification. Experimental results show that MHIBS-Net can achieve high-precision and high-efficiency automatic semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds in complex indoor environments.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Soil respiration response to decade-long warming modulated by soil moisture in a boreal forest_Nature Geoscience paper

Data and R code for soil respiration under experimental warming in boreal forests from the project named "The Boreal Forest Warming at an Ecotone in Danger (B4WarmED)".

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluating shelter suitability during nuclear accidents using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of administrative districts containing designated evacuation shelters in the Busan and Ulsan metropolitan regions, near the Kori, Saeul, and Wolsong Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in the Republic of Korea. Using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the analysis incorporates key criteria such as proximity to NPPs, shelter capacity relative to population, and risk factors associated with wind direction. Population data, shelter locations, and five years of meteorological records were integrated to assess district suitability under varying seasonal and time-of-day conditions. The study highlights the significant role of dynamic meteorological factors in influencing the dispersion patterns of radioactive materials and emphasizes the necessity of incorporating these factors into district evaluations. The results identify the most suitable administrative districts for shelter placement, offering valuable insights for strengthening nuclear disaster preparedness and emergency response strategies. Additionally, the findings provide a foundation for local governments to enhance shelter safety and accessibility through strategic planning. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating environmental factors and capacity planning into district assessments, ultimately contributing to improved public safety and resilience in the event of a nuclear accident.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Off‐Stoichiometric Thiol‐Ene Chemistry to Dendritic Nanogel Therapeutics

Abstract A novel platform of dendritic nanogels is herein presented, capitalizing on the self‐assembly of allyl‐functional polyesters based on dendritic‐linear‐dendritic amphiphiles followed by simple cross‐linking with complementary monomeric thiols via UV initiated off‐stoichiometric thiol‐ene chemistry. The facile approach enabled multigram creation of allyl reactive nanogel precursors, in the size range of 190–295 nm, being readily available for further modifications to display a number of core functionalities while maintaining the size distribution and characteristics of the master batch. The nanogels are evaluated as carriers of a spread of chemotherapeutics by customizing the core to accommodate each individual cargo. The resulting nanogels are biocompatible, displaying diffusion controlled release of cargo, maintained therapeutic efficacy, and decreased cargo toxic side effects. Finally, the nanogels are found to successfully deliver pharmaceuticals into a 3D pancreatic spheroids tumor model.

Topic: Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF UNPAVED ROADS DURING SPRING THAW

Unpaved roads in Vermont are subject to deterioration from seasonal freezing and thawing, and many towns have roads that suffer chronic serviceability problems during the so-called "spring thaw," or mud season. Several techniques thought to mitigate deterioration of unpaved roads during spring thaw were constructed on test sections of unpaved roads in two towns. Each potential remedy was aimed at providing some combination of limiting the availability of moisture in the winter, improving drainage during spring, and strengthening the upper portion of the road. Each technique used local and/or commercially available materials, and all were easy to construct, i.e., a town road crew could build them. For two spring thaw seasons, we compared strength estimates based on dynamic cone penetrometer tests and the percentage of the road surface rutted for treated and control sections. Methods that permanently improved the strength of the top 12 inches of the road or decreased the water content of the upper 12 inches of the road resulted in significant performance improvement during spring thaw. Cement and cellular confinement systems worked well by improving the strength of the upper layers of the soil. Two new techniques geowrap, comprising clean sand sandwiched by geotextile separators placed 12 18 inches deep, and the patented Geosynthetic Capillary Barrier Drain provided benefit by keeping the upper layers of the soil relatively dry. Geogrid and geotextile separators placed 12 inch deep and trench drains parallel to the road provided no observable benefit.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conservation and selective pressures shaping baleen whale olfactory receptor genes supports their use of olfaction in the marine environment

Abstract The relative importance of various sensory modalities can shift in response to evolutionary transitions, resulting in changes to underlying gene families encoding their reception systems. The rapid birth‐and‐death process underlying the evolution of the large olfactory receptor (OR) gene family has accelerated genomic‐level change for the sense of smell in particular. The transition from the land to sea in marine mammals is an attractive model for understanding the influence of habitat shifts on sensory systems, with the retained OR repertoire of baleen whales contrasting with its loss in toothed whales. In this study, we examine to what extent the transition from a terrestrial to a marine environment has influenced the evolution of baleen whale OR repertoires. We developed Gene Mining Pipeline (GMPipe) ( https://github.com/AprilJauhal/GMPipe ), which can accurately identify large numbers of candidate OR genes. GMPipe identified 707 OR sequences from eight baleen whale species. These repertoires exhibited distinct family count distributions compared to terrestrial mammals, including signs of relative expansion in families OR10, OR11 and OR13. While many receptors have been lost or show signs of random drift in baleen whales, others exhibit signs of evolving under purifying or positive selection. Over 85% of OR genes could be sorted into orthologous groups of sequences containing at least four homologous sequences. Many of these groups, particularly from family OR10, presented signs of relative expansion and purifying selective pressure. Overall, our results suggest that the relatively small size of baleen whale OR repertoires result from specialisation to novel olfactory landscapes, as opposed to random drift.

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Generalized Prediction Model for Detection of Psychiatric Disorders

Computer aided diagnosis of mental disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism is a primary step towards automated detection and prognosis of these psychiatric diseases. This dissertation applies analyses based on learning models that use structural texture and functional connectivity to diagnose ADHD and also Autism, from (structural) 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4-dimensional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of subjects. One model learns texture-based filters that are used to extract features from MRI scans. Using these learned features, the model achieves 62.57% (baseline 54.97%) accuracy on the ADHD-200 hold-out dataset for differentiating between healthy control vs ADHD patients and also achieves 61.73% (baseline 51.57%) accuracy on the ABIDE (Autism) hold-out test for differentiating between healthy control vs Autism patients. Our next model examines temporal sequence of fMRI activation levels at various brain locations in order to make a diagnosis from fMRI scans. This incorporates spatial nonstationary independent component analysis of the fMRI scans in order to extract the uncorrelated components and decomposes fMRI scans into common spatial components and corresponding time courses. Using individual time courses of 45 independent components as features, our algorithm learns a classifier that yields an accuracy of 64.91% on the ADHD-200 hold-out dataset, and 62.33% accuracy on the ABIDE hold-out test. This result is higher (2.31% for ADHD and 2.33% for Autism) than previously published accuracies on these datasets using fMRI scans. Finally a combination of multimodal features yields 67.25% diagnosis accuracy on ADHD-200 and 64.31% accuracy on ABIDE. This result is significantly higher (4.65% for ADHD with one sided p = 0.01 and 4.31% for Autism with one sided p = 1.6172e-06) than previously published hold-out accuracies on these datasets using only imaging data. Our results indicate that combining multimodal features yields good classification accuracy for diagnosis of ADHD and Autism, which is an important step towards computer aided diagnosis of these psychiatric diseases.

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences