jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Structural Comparison of Fibrillin-1 Microfibrils Isolated from Marfan and Non-Marfan Syndrome Human Aorta

Fibrillin-1 microfibrils are essential elements of the extracellular matrix serving as a scaffold for the deposition of elastin and endowing connective tissues with tensile strength and elasticity. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) are linked to Marfan syndrome (MFS), a systemic connective tissue disorder that, besides other heterogeneous symptoms, usually manifests in life-threatening aortic complications. The aortic involvement may be explained by a dysregulation of microfibrillar function and, conceivably, alterations in the microfibrils’ supramolecular structure. Here, we present a nanoscale structural characterization of fibrillin-1 microfibrils isolated from two human aortic samples with different FBN1 gene mutations by using atomic force microscopy, and their comparison with microfibrillar assemblies purified from four non-MFS human aortic samples. Fibrillin-1 microfibrils displayed a characteristic “beads-on-a-string” appearance. The microfibrillar assemblies were investigated for bead geometry (height, length, and width), interbead region height, and periodicity. MFS fibrillin-1 microfibrils had a slightly higher mean bead height, but the bead length and width, as well as the interbead height, were significantly smaller in the MFS group. The mean periodicity varied around 50–52 nm among samples. The data suggest an overall thinner and presumably more frail structure for the MFS fibrillin-1 microfibrils, which may play a role in the development of MFS-related aortic symptomatology.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open‐Mindedness in a “Post‐Truth” Era

Abstract In discussing open‐mindedness, virtue epistemologists emphasize revising one's cognitive standpoint by taking seriously the views of others, where this process is seen to be a reliable way of identifying one's biases and forming true beliefs. Yet in defending open‐mindedness, virtue epistemologists tend to give little attention to two areas of scholarship. First, they tend to overlook the psychoanalytic challenges of evasion and disavowal that so often operate in the enactment of and attempts at open‐mindedness. Second, they undervalue scholarship that notes the longer arc of a relation between post‐truth conditions and settler colonial structures. In other words, there appears to be an evasion of those views that associate the United States with dispossession, settler colonialism, and projects of decolonization according to postcontinental philosophies. This essay by Troy Richardson clarifies some of the critical vocabulary needed to bridge virtue epistemology committed to open‐mindedness and scholarship that has shifted the terms of analysis toward active projects for decolonization based on postcontinental philosophies.

Topic: Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of the bone mineral density of the os calcis as an indication of vertebral fracture in women with lumbar osteoarthritis

Abstract In women with lumbar osteoarthritis, measurement of the os calcis bone mineral density (BMD) using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as an indication of vertebral fracture was evaluated. The in vivo precision of the method was 1.28%. Age- and sex-matched control curves were evaluated using a control of 193 females. The correlation between spine BMD and os calcis BMD was significant (r = 0.65, p ≪ 0.001). For the osteoporotic women without osteoarthritis (n = 34), there was no significant difference in the spine and the os calcis Z-scores (–1.99SD and – 1.83SD respectively). Whereas for osteoporotic women with osteoarthritis (n = 30) the spine Z-score was – 0.49SD the os calcis Z-score was – 1.92SD. The difference was significant (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrate the superiority of the os calcis as a measurement site over the lumbar spine, in correlation with existing crush fractures in the presence of osteoarthritis. It is concluded that when lumbar osteoarthritis occurs measurement of the os calcis BMD using DEXA is clinically useful for the estimation of bone mass.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase from the genetically modified Komagatella phaffii strain LALL‐LI2

Abstract The food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) is produced with the genetically modified Komagatella phaffii strain LALL‐LI2 by Danstar Ferment AG. The production strain met the requirements for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS). The food enzyme was considered free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. It is intended to be used in the processing of cereals and other grains for the production of baked products. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.071 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Given the QPS status of the production strain and the absence of concerns resulting from the food enzyme manufacturing process, toxicity tests were considered unnecessary by the Panel. A search for the homology of the amino acid sequence of the triacylglycerol lipase to known allergens was made and no match was found. The Panel considered that a risk of allergic reactions upon dietary exposure to the food enzyme cannot be excluded, but that the likelihood is low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns, under the intended conditions of use.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Build a Shredded Physique with Animale Nitric Oxide Booster [USA, CA, AU, NZ]

Animals Nitric Oxide Booster is a scientifically designed supplement that works by increasing blood flow to the muscles, which leads to improved performance, endurance, and muscle growth.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Different Techniques for Nodal Tuberculosis Diagnosis Among Immigrants and Natives in a Low TB Burden and High Immigrant Receiving Italian City. An Eight Year Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: Node represents one of the most common Conclusions: Nodal TB was the most common extra-pulmonary TB site of reactivation, occurring mostly among Asians. NAAT is a rapid and sensitive tool contributing to nodal TB diagnosis, especially among certain ethnicities (e.g. Asians). TB culture is the reference standard for nodal TB diagnosis and histology presents typical diagnostic features with or without acid fast bacilli within the specimen. The diagnostic role of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) is controversial, and NAATs are recommended in conjunction with TB culture and histology. The present study describes nodal TB epidemiology and antibiotic (ATB) resistance, and compares the sensitivity of culture, NAAT and histology among natives and foreign-born nodal TB cases in a low TB burden and high immigrant receiving city (Ferrara) of Northern Italy, between 2009 and 2017.&#13;\nMethods: We retrospectively identified all TB cases admitted to Ferrara University-Hospital from 2009 to 2017. We recorded gender, age, country of birth, site of disease, smear positivity and ATB sensitivity. We also recorded the results of smear microscopy, TB culture and NAAT, and the histological results of all nodal TB cases. Granulomatous inflammation, caseous necrosis, Langhans’ giant cells, epithelioid cell, the presence of acid fast bacilli, were considered histological features supporting TB diagnosis. Results: We identified 229 TB cases over the study period. 30 out of the 72 extra-pulmonary cases (41.7%) presented nodal TB. Six were natives, 24 foreigners, 19 females and 11 males (p&gt;0.05). (POCO CHIARO) Foreign-born nodal TB cases were significantly younger than native cases (34.8 vs 76.3 years, p &lt;0.05). 2/17 cases were drug-resistant; no multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively-drug (XDR) resistant cases were recorded.Asians (93.3% were from Pakistan) presented a higher risk of developing nodal TB compared with not Asian cases (p&gt;0.01; OR 7.3; CI: 3.17-16.78). TB culture, smear microscopy, NAAT and histology results are depicted in Table 1. 12/13 positive NAAT tests were confirmed by culture and/or histology. No statistical difference was found comparing TB culture, NAAT, and histological techniques.Conclusions: Nodal TB was the most common extra-pulmonary TB site of reactivation, occurring mostly among Asians. NAAT is a rapid and sensitive tool contributing to nodal TB diagnosis

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Human Bladder Cancer

The lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymic patterns of normal, atypical and neoplastic urothelium were studied. In comparison to normal, the atypical urothelium had a significant increase in the LDH-V/I ratio. In neoplastic urothelium the LDH-I per cent was increased in low grade tumors, while the LDH-V per cent and LDH-V/I ratio was increased in high grade tumors. The findings in high grade tumors are thought to represent altered genetic expression with activation of the gene locus controlling M subunit synthesis.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Government Tax Policy in the Digital Economy

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the development of the digital economy, reveals current problems, and substantiates the need to change the tax system. The directions of compensation of the reduction of income from the labor tax through automation and introduction of artificial intelligence in technological processes are defined and the forms of taxation of digital commerce are offered. The research methods were scientific abstraction, logic, graphics, visual reflection, analytics. It has been proven that the process of digitalization of the economy in combination with the crisis caused by COVID-19 causes many risks that must be considered when developing tax policy. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of a tax policy based on digital transformation, which stimulates innovation, ensures efficiency, and improves the quality of tax services. Increasing the use of digital technologies has been shown to create challenges in many areas of public administration, including taxation. It concludes that there is a need for broad international cooperation to prevent tax evasion, ensure tax transparency and develop new tax approaches and software.

Topic: Legal and Policy Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-MRI in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer Receiving 177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy: A Radiomics Analysis

177Lutetium PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA) therapy in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has gained visibility through the ongoing phase III trial. The data on prediction of therapy outcome and survival out of pretherapeutic imaging parameters is still sparse. In this study, the predictive and prognostic value of radiomic features from 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-MRI are analyzed. In total, 21 patients with mCRPC underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-MRI before Lu-PSMA therapy. The PET-positive tumor volume was defined and transferred to whole-body T2-, T1- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI-sequences. The radiomic features from PET and MRI sequences were extracted by using a freely available software package. For selecting features that allow differentiation of biochemical response (PSA decrease &gt; 50%), a stepwise dimension reduction was performed. Logistic regression models were fitted, and selected features were tested for their prognostic value (overall survival) in all patients. Eight patients achieved biochemical response after Lu-PSMA therapy. Ten independent radiomic features differentiated well between responders and non-responders. The logistic regression model, including the feature interquartile range from T2-weighted images, revealed the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.83) for the prediction of biochemical response after Lu-PSMA therapy. Within the final model, patients with a biochemical response (p = 0.003) and higher T2 interquartile range values in pre-therapeutic imaging (p = 0.038) survived significantly longer. This proof-of-concept study provides first evidence on a potential predictive and prognostic value of radiomic analysis of pretherapeutic 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-MRI before Lu-PSMA therapy.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comparison of the fish bioconcentration factors for brominated flame retardants with their nonbrominated analogues

Abstract Flame retardants (FR) play a significant role in reducing the flammability of many consumer products. On a volume basis, approximately 25% of the FRs in use today utilize bromine as the active flame-retarding moiety. Their applications are those requiring high FR performance or in resins needing an FR that is active during the gas phase. Laboratory fish bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for 11 brominated FRs (BFRs) or their components were compared with those for their nonbrominated analogues. Bioconcentration, defined here as a BCF of greater than 1,000, was not observed in those brominated molecules examined with molecular weights of 700 or greater. These included the decabromodiphenyl oxide and octabromodiphenyl oxide commercial products, ethane 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl), ethylene bis-tetrabromophthalimide, and decabromobiphenyl. Tetrabromobisphenol A, with a molecular weight of less than 700, also did not bioconcentrate. This likely relates to the ease with which it is metabolized and eliminated. Within the BFR class of polybrominated diphenyl oxides/ethers, the BCFs for those congeners with molecular weights of between approximately 450 and 700 varied with the number and position of the bromine atoms. The BCF of hexabromocyclododecane appeared to be related to its cyclododecane substructure, not to its bromine content. Bioconcentration was not a characteristic feature of the BFRs examined here.

Topic: Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The limited role for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies in a sustainable Australian energy future

There is considerable debate regarding the potential role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies in reducing Australia's greenhouse emissions. The latest climate change science suggests that major (60% or more by 2050), rapid (peaking within 20 years) cuts in global emissions may be required to avoid dangerous climate change. There are a number of existing abatement options including energy efficiency, various renewable energy technologies, nuclear power and fuel switching to natural gas; as well as emerging options including CCS. We outline a simple technology assessment framework for policymakers to evaluate these different options given the climate change imperative. This framework includes technology status, delivered energy services, present and possible future costs, potential scale of abatement, potential speed of deployment and other possible social outcomes. Application of this framework to CCS suggests that it should be considered as a promising, but still somewhat unproven, option that potentially offers very significant abatement potential and good integration into the existing energy industry. There are, however, some outstanding questions regarding its effectiveness and safety, its abatement is likely to come at significant cost, and it is unlikely to be able to make a significant contribution for well over a decade. The Australian policy implications are that while government support for R&D and Demonstration of CCS is appropriate and should in our view be expanded, the major priority should be to support greater deployment of existing abatement options including energy efficiency, efficient gas-fired generation and cogeneration and renewable energy. Such policy support is noticeably lacking at present.

Topic: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
“It's not that I want to see the student's bedroom...”: Instructor Perceptions of e-Proctoring Software

The COVID-19 pandemic motivated higher education institutions to adopt the use of e-proctoring software as a means to maintain academic integrity. This study explores the tension between student privacy and academic integrity from instructors' perspective. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 19 university instructors, our findings delineate the competing factors influencing instructors' adoption or avoidance of e-proctored assessments: academic integrity, the online remote format, logistical considerations such as class size, departmental policies, and privacy considerations. We analysed instructors' specific privacy attitudes towards e-proctoring, and perspectives regarding student privacy and institutional data protection practices. Lastly, we evaluated instructors' appraisals on the efficacy of e-proctoring software. E-proctoring was presented to instructors as the straightforward solution, but we found instructors' experiences to be complex, leading them to exhibit conflicted views on whether e-proctoring accomplished its goals. Most instructors deprioritized privacy considerations when deciding whether to adopt e-proctoring but viewed academic integrity as the topmost inviolable priority. Overall, we provide insight into a detailed landscape showcasing the complexities of managing privacy and competing priorities within higher education from the instructors' perspective.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FRAUD AND ADMINRATIVE CORRUPTION

The Royal Government of Bhutan has been pursuing a very prudent, well thought out and balanced socio- economic development policy. Under the dynamic leadership of His Majesty the King, the country has achieved unprecedented economic growth in just over the last two decades. Blending socio economic growth with the real happiness of the people, His Majesty the King declared a vision and theme of Gross National Happiness, which not only provided a unique measurement yardstick but also gained wide recognition and acceptance. While developmental initiative brings about improvement in the living conditions of the people, Government has been very wary of many evils which are synonymous to the developmental activities. Fraud and corruption go hand in hand with the development process. Perhaps, it is only a question of degree and methodologies adopted in perpetrating corruption and fraud in different countries which may be in variance. His Majesty the King has always been very concerned on this issue and its likely effect in our small social set up. His Majesty has always aspired for a small, effective and clean government. Number of Royal kashas had been issued to step up due vigil over the public spending hoping for a clean and corruption free administrative set up. To mark the Silver Jubilee Celebration of His majesty's enthronement, there is perhaps no other better alternatives than to express our solidarity on His Majesty's dynamism and reaffirm our commitment in establishing a corruption free society. The Royal Institute of Management has organized this seminar on Corruption and fraud and a much wider representation has been expected to deliberate on this issue. The Royal Audit Authority and the Division of Revenue and Customs have been advised to present a paper on the Extent and Magnitude of Corruption while papers on other themes will be covered by other agencies.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Glochidion pubicapsa: IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group &amp; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
DEVELOPMENT OF SERICIN HYDROGEL INCORPORATED WITH GREEN SYNTHESIZED CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING Securinega leucopyrus FOR CHRONIC DIABETIC WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS

Now a days the biomaterials made of sericin from waste Bombyx mori cocoon has created elevated interest among research community due to their high biocompatibility with wide range of cell lines. In our present study, we reported the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) from the plant extract of Securinega leucopyrus and incorporated in sericin hydrogel for the development of novel nanocomposite for wound healing applications. The plant extract acts as both reducing as well as stabilizing agent which helps in the conversion of cerium nitrate to cerium oxide. To analyze the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles various physiochemical characterizations such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were performed. UV-Visible spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticle showed distinct peak at 240 nm. The size and charge of the nanoparticle was investigated using DLS and was found to be 186.7 nm and -22.5 mV. The plant extract and the cerium oxide nanoparticles also showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms. The plant extract and the nanoparticles synthesized showed anti-oxidant activity with radical scavenging of 83.4 % and 76.48 % respectively. The hydrogel also exhibited good water retention property and swelling behavior. The drug release kinetics were studied for obtained sericin hydrogel. The plant extract and CeONPs loaded hydrogels also exhibited good antibacterial activity. Hence, our results conclude that sericin nanocomposite hydrogel could be the potential candidate in healing chronic wounds.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The statistic result of synthesis on the aortic sound of dogs from beat to beat

An algorithm that consists of the mean filter of forward and backward predictor (MFB) and linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of a dog's aortic sound from beat to beat using an exponentially damped sinusoid model. Two hundred and ten aortic sounds were synthesized by the estimated parameters. The error index was less than 1%. In general, the number of damped sinusoid components was from three to six, but the number of the dominant components was three.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences