jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of the Birth-Control Law in China

This paper explores the two approaches of governments’ population policy: command-and-control regulation and market-oriented incentive. From both the micro and macro perspective, this paper draws a conclusion that the population market has its own autonomous principles and too much government intervention like the birth-control law in China is harmful. Policy-makers should provide guarantee from the political regime. And in case of market failure, the government should adopt the market-oriented approach to complement.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Co-prevalence of quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a tertiary hospital in Katsina, Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major hazard to global public health. It reduces the effectiveness of many antibiotics, making infections harder to cure and raising the likelihood of disease transmission and death. Globally, beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics are among the commonly prescribed medications. Yet, a multitude of bacteria have evolved distinct multidrug resistance (MDR) characteristics, rendering many of these important drugs worthless. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of the simultaneous occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Quinoloneresistance (co-existence) among clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates. A total of 95 Enterobacteriaceae pathogens isolated from different human samples were obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Katsina. Then, the VITEK-2 Compact automated identification system was employed for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and the ESBL screening of isolates. This study showed that out of the total 95 isolates, 67 (70.5%) were quinolone-resistant, while 53 (55.8%) were ESBL-positive. Most of the quinoloneresistant (QRE) Enterobacteriaceae were ESBL-positive, 50 (74.6%), and conversely, most of the ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae were quinolone-resistant (50, 94.3%). Co-resistance (quinolone-resistance and ESBL-positive) was recorded in 50 (52.63%) of the isolates, all belonging to the Escherichia coli (42, 84.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8, 16.0%). Almost all the co-resistant isolates were resistant to the tested quinolones [Ciprofloxacin (49, 98.0%) and Levofloxacin (50, 100.0%). The lowest resistance was recorded to Ertapenem (6.0%), Meropenem (6.0%), and Amikacin (2.0%) and the highest to Ampicillin, Piperacillin and Levofloxacin (100.0% each). Almost all the co-resistant isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 49 (98.0%), while 33 (66.0%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). According to the collected samples’ demographic data, the highest prevalences were recorded among males (60.0%, based on gender), adults (50.0%, based on age), and urine (48.0%, based on sample). Continuous surveillance and stewardship are essential to achieve good health and well-being (Sustainable Development Goal 3).

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Four Ballades Op. 10 by J. Brahms as an Example of the Cyclic Form of the Romantic Era

The work of Johannes Brahms occupies a prominent place in the history of Western European music. A representative of the German school of composition, relying on the traditions of German classical music and the achievements of musical romanticism, Brahms transformed them in his work in a new way and significantly contributed to the development of musical art, entering the history of music as a late romantic. Brahms' music is characterized by strict concentration of thought and, at the same time, genuine excitement and emotional fullness. Melodic inspiration and a variety of rhythms are combined with remarkable mastery of thematic development, and polyphonic and variational development of the material, the intonational roots of which were drawn by the composer from German, Austrian, Hungarian, and Slavic folklore.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A ten year retrospective review of orbital complications secondary to acute sinusitis in children.

Acute sinusitis is most often a mild self-limiting disease. However, it may progress into severe and life threatening complications. One of the commonest being orbital complication of which visual loss is a direct consequence. In this 10 year retrospective study, the nature of orbital complication, clinical presentation and treatment modalities and outcome seen in children with acute sinusitis in a tertiary referral institute were reviewed. Of six patients, there was a case of preseptal cellulitis, 4 cases of subperiosteal abscess and one case of orbital abscess. Periorbital swelling was a common presenting feature. In 5 cases this was associated with proptosis with one case of impending optic nerve compression. The value of computed tomography and opthalmological examination as a component in the management plan is highlighted. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics but evidence of abscess collection warranted urgent surgical drainage in 5 patients, 3 being endoscopic drainage while external approach was done for the remaining 2 patients. Thus a child exhibiting orbital complication of acute sinusitis, prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential in obtaining the best outcome for the child.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Scheme for Curvature Flow Routing in Cellular Model

Results are presented from a new tangential angle method in curvature channel using a simple cellular model. The results of the routing scheme are compared with field measurements of cross-section, with the predictions of a more sophisticated to the real. It's indicate that the curvature flow routing scheme outlined here is able to overcome some of the limitations of previous simple cellular automata models and may be suitable for use in curvature reach of river modeling water and sediment transport and channel change in complex fluvial environments. As such this research represents a small and ongoing contribution to the field of numerical simulation of curvature channel processes.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Youth Motivation to Participate in Career Development Events

Career development events develop career and life skills in youth, but limited work has been done to assess the motivation of students who participate in these events. The purpose of this study was to validate an instrument developed to measure youth motivation to participate in career development events. An instrument grounded in expectancy-value motivation was developed to assess student motivation of youth participants (N = 2,153) at 12 career development events in various domains at the state level. Four factors—self-efficacy, cost &amp; utility value, intrinsic value, and attainment—explained 60% of the variance in youth motivation to participate in state career development events. Youth were most motivated to participate in career development events based on the cost &amp; utility factor, therefore, they were willing to put forth the time and effort to participate in career development events because they felt career development events would help them achieve their goals. However, youth coaches should consider using strategies to develop youth self-efficacy to perform the tasks in career development events as it explained 39% of the variance in youth motivation. Coaches should also consider the role interest motivation plays a role as it was highly correlated with self-efficacy.

Topic: Youth Development and Social Support
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evolving meanings of “the social” in the international development agenda

This paper argues that while social policy as an explicit aspect of policy discourse has relatively recent origins within the international development agenda, concerns with “the social” have featured from its very early days seeking to challenge the conflation between growth and development. The paper focuses on key international conferences and policy documents to analyse contestations over the meanings of “the social” within development policy discourse and their efforts to rethink its boundaries with “the economic”. It suggests that these contestations have helped to spell out the basic outlines of an alternative policy agenda in which concerns with “the social” have come to define both the means and ends of development.

Topic: Human Rights and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Risks to Financial Stability and Monetary Policy: Rules or Discretion?

We evaluate monetary policy which is conducted in a way that addresses financial stability as an explicit monetary policy objective using a simple game theoretic model analysing the strategic interaction between a central bank and a financial sector. The extant literature in favour of “lean-against-the-wind” (LATW) monetary policy calls for more flexibility and the use of longer policy-horizons. We, therefore, assess monetary policy under discretion and under commitment to an instrument rule. Our analysis supports that rule-based LATW monetary policy outperforms the discretionary equivalent, in terms of controlling inflation, anchoring inflation expectations to the central bank’s inflation target and enhancing financial sector profitability. Under substantial risks to financial stability, we conclude that rule-based LATW monetary policy induces the financial sector to impose more prudence on its operation.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure

&lt;p&gt;Spheroid growth assay in the presence of pharmacological PRL inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Performance Improvement of WIMAX with FEC Zigzag Code Using MIMO Technique

The telecommunication industry has been developing at a very fast rate. This paper presents the performance enhancement of the WiMAX system (Worldwide Interoperability for microwave Access) by using MIMO Technique. WiMAX an emerging global broadband wireless OFDM-based technology that provide high quality broadband services. Mobile WiMAX is a wireless networking system which provides wireless broadband to fixed and mobile terminals. In this paper, we investigated the performance of WiMAX system for different modulation technique Quadrature Phase Shift keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). In this paper, we evaluate bit-error rate performance of WiMAX system with zigzag coded modulation with different code rate and code length. The results show that the proposed zigzag-coded modulation presents a stronger error correcting capability as compared to the Reed Solomon with Convolutional code.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact de la réadaptation cardiaque sur la fonction diastolique et les capacités fonctionnelles

Background: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) can reduce mortality and prevent Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) recurrence, but published data do not indicate an improvement in systolic function. However, there still has not been much research into the relationship between diastolic function and functional capacity during CR.<br>Objectives: assess the evolution of clinical data and echocardiographic measurements including diastolic function and to objectively assess physical capacity before and after 20 sessions of CR<br>Methods: prospective, cross-sectional study in the Bastia CR department from December 2018, to July 2019. All patients with an indication for CR and a left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)  50% were invited to participate in the study.<br>The assessment on inclusion and after CR included clinic measurements, the INTERHEART score and the maximum effort load (Wattmax). Using echocardiography, we measured the LVEF, the Tei index, and the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), septal and lateral E/e’ ratio and the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT).<br>Results: RC allowed a significant decrease in weight (-1kg with p=0.004), abdominal perimeter (-1.3cm with p<0.0001) and the INTERHEART risk score (-2.7 points with p<0.0001). Maximum physical effort capacities also were increased by 27% (p<0.0001). These improvements are correlated with significant variations in Tei index (p=0.009), TAPSE (p=0.004), septal E/e’ ratio (p=0.04) and the IVRT (p<0.0001). These elements are prognostic markers of morbidity, mortality and quality of life. Thus the benefit shown by the CR program is evidenced from both an echographic, an ergometric and a clinical point of view.

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DS-Fusion: Artistic Typography via Discriminated and Stylized Diffusion

We introduce a novel method to automatically generate an artistic typography by stylizing one or more letter fonts to visually convey the semantics of an input word, while ensuring that the output remains readable. To address an assortment of challenges with our task at hand including conflicting goals (artistic stylization vs. legibility), lack of ground truth, and immense search space, our approach utilizes large language models to bridge texts and visual images for stylization and build an unsupervised generative model with a diffusion model backbone. Specifically, we employ the denoising generator in Latent Diffusion Model (LDM), with the key addition of a CNN-based discriminator to adapt the input style onto the input text. The discriminator uses rasterized images of a given letter/word font as real samples and output of the denoising generator as fake samples. Our model is coined DS-Fusion for discriminated and stylized diffusion. We showcase the quality and versatility of our method through numerous examples, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, as well as ablation studies. User studies comparing to strong baselines including CLIPDraw and DALL-E 2, as well as artist-crafted typographies, demonstrate strong performance of DS-Fusion.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS): A Case Of Late Onset Presentation

CCHS or Ondine9s curse is a rare autosomal dominant disease, characterized by disorders of the autonomic nervous system, with abnormal ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. PHOX2B has been identified as the major disease causing gene for CCHS. It results from polyalanine repeat expansion mutations. It typically occurs in the newborn period, but some cases have been described on adults (late onset CCHS) and reflects the variable penetrance of PHOX2B mutations. A 48 year-old woman presented after an ovarian cyst surgery a severe hypoventilation requiring intubation. Arterial blood gas revealed a PO2 of 50 mmHg, a PCO2 of 80 mmHg and a pH of 7,22. Past medical history indicated poor apparent symptoms for few years. These included apneas, fitfully sleep and awakening with headaches. Physical examination and pulmonary function tests, lung tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem were normal. Polysomnography revealed many central and obstructive apneas and hypopneas (apnea-hypopnea index of 22/h) with severe hypoxemia (SpO2 average 75%) and hypercapnia (transcutaneous CO2 85mmHg). Non invasive ventilation was initially poorly tolerated. Finally, she responded to an adaptative servo ventilation. Hypoxia and hypercapnia tests showed no adaptation of the ventilatory response. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous five alanine expansion mutation of the 20-residue polyalanine tract in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene. The diagnosis of late onset CCHS should be considered in patients with unexplained hypoventilation after anesthesia, and physiologic evaluations documenting abnormal ventilatory response should be completed. The presence of a PHOX2B mutation confirms the diagnosis.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Macroeconomic theory and monetary policy: the contributions of Franco Modigliani and the ongoing debate

The paper reviews some of the most important results of the LCH for understanding individual and aggregate saving behaviour. It then turns to the implications for fiscal policy and social security, highlighting Modigliani's seminal contributions. Over time competing theories have emerged, and some empirical findings are difficult to reconcile with LCH; chiefly aspects of inertia, myopia, and irrational behaviour documented by the recent behavioural literature. But the LCH is still the benchmark model to think about individual saving decisions, the aggregate evidence and policy issues. JEL Codes: B22, B31, E52

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Novel Fractal Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Readers

This letter accentuates a novel fractal protruded tapered slot (FPTS) antenna and its magnetic field analysis for ultra-high frequency (UHF) near-field (NF) radio frequency identification (RFID) readers. The principle of variable distance opposite direction current (VDODC) is employed here. The antenna operates over a bandwidth of 101 MHz (852–953 MHz) with a center frequency of 897 MHz. The interrogation area of 243 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 190 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> is achieved for this antenna at a distance of 50 mm from the plane of the antenna in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$z$</tex></formula> -direction. The antenna tested with the presence of different liquids and the performance is evaluated. The field analysis shows that antenna becomes handy over potential applications like tracking chemicals and pharmaceutical management.

Topic: Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Imaging measurements of volcanic BrO using Fabry-P&amp;#233;rot interferometer correlation spectroscopy

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Imaging of atmospheric trace gases gives insights into physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere on the scale of seconds and metres. This is of particular importance when observing point sources with highly variable emission, like smoke stacks or volcanoes, and the chemical processes therein. In particular for volcanic plume measurements, instruments are required that not only combine a high spatio-temporal resolution with a high trace gas selectivity, but that are also sufficiently robust and compact to be used under field conditions and in remote locations.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) correlation spectroscopy (IFPICS) is a novel imaging technique for atmospheric trace gases. Atmospheric trace gas column densities are quantified with a high spatial and temporal resolution by matching the periodic spectral transmission of a FPI to the close to periodic vibronic absorption features of the target trace gas in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range. So far, IFPICS has been applied to volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) imaging and laboratory measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this study, we present measurements of volcanic bromine monoxide (BrO) from a field campaign at Mt. Etna in July 2021. BrO is a very reactive species and thus only present in low amounts (some tens of ppt) in volcanic emission plumes, however, it is important as (1) indicator for degassing processes and (2) agent in plume chemistry. We discuss the challenges associated with separating the weak absorption signal of BrO (typical optical density around 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) from other effects within the complex environment of the volcanic plume. The camera prototype has a detection limit of 1x10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14 &amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;BrO molec cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; at a time resolution of 10 s and a spatial resolution of approximately 200 x 200 pixels. Using a second IFPICS instrument for SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; measurements, an estimate for the BrO to SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; ratio in the plume is given.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Markov Marginal Problems and Their Applications to Markov Optimal Control

In this paper we discuss a class of Markov marginal problems (MMP). By MMP, we mean the problem to construct a Markov process with given (marginal) constraints on the path space. As an application we consider Markov optimal control problems.

Topic: Probability and Risk Models
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Selection of Design Scheme for an Ultrahigh-Pressure Hydrostatic Extrusion Cylinder

In this study, the mechanical models of a multilayer combined extrusion cylinder and a steel-wire-winding extrusion cylinder were established and compared using a finite element simulation and existing experimental cases. This work provides theoretical support for the selection of an ultrahigh-pressure extrusion cylinder. Comparative analysis of an ultrahigh-pressure extrusion structure was carried out. The mathematical optimization model is established based on the mechanical model, and the ultimate bearing capacities of the schemes are compared. Additionally, the winding mode and the number of core layers of the extrusion cylinder are compared and analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for the parameter design of the steel-wire-winding ultrahigh-pressure extrusion cylinder. This work holds good theoretical significance and practical value for the promotion and application of ultrahigh-pressure hydrostatic extrusion technology.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Endocrinologic and Pathologic Findings in Birds with Polyostotic Hyperostosis

Polyostotic hyperostosis is a radiographic finding that is often seen in companion birds. Hyperestrogenism might be causative. The purpose of this study was to compare endocrinologic and pathologic findings in birds with polyostotic hyperostosis. Thirty-five birds with polyostotic hyperostosis and three control birds were examined. Blood samples were taken for endocrinologic evaluation (estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and estrone sulfate concentrations) and the values com- pared with pathologic findings. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that polyostotic hyper- ostosis is caused by hyperestrogenism.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences