jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thalidomide induces imbalances in T-lymphocyte sub-populations in the circulating blood of healthy males

Lepromatous leprosy patients experiencing erythema nodosum lepro sum ( ENL) have been reported to have an increase in the ratio of circulating T -helper to T -suppressor cells (H : S ratio).Thalidomide is an effective drug in the management of ENL.To determine if thalidomide affected cells of the immunoregulatory system, B cells, T cells, T-suppressor cells, T-helper and natural killer cells in the blood of the healthy males were enumerated.Thalidomide induced a decrease in the T-helper to T-suppressor cell ratio.The decrease was due to a significant reduction in the percentage and absolute number ofT-helper cells and an apparent increase in the percentage and absolute number of T-suppressor cells.B cells and natural killer cells were not affected .Thalidomide's ability to decrease the H: S ratio in healthy individuals suggests that it may act in ENL by reducing an elevation of that ratio.

Topic: Leprosy Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spectral regularization method for a class of Cauchy problem of Laplace equation

A class of Cauchy problem of Laplace equation was discussed in following way: the Cauchy data was given at x=1 and the solution was sought in the interval 0x1.Due to the ill-posed feature of the problem,a method for its spectral regularization was given.Meanwhile,the difference between regularized solution and exact solution was analyzed.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Alleviates Alcohol-Induced Inflammation Associated with Pancreatic Secretion and Gut Microbiota in Zebrafish

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is identified to be an efficacious bioactive polyphenol in propolis for ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation. In this study, an alcohol-induced zebrafish inflammation model was established. CAPE treatments at different concentrations (0.04, 0.2, and 1.0 μg/mL) were administered to alcohol-exposed zebrafish to investigate the underlying mechanisms of alleviating alcohol-induced liver inflammation using transcriptomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The results indicated that CAPE decreased the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β and significantly increased the expression of IL-10 (p &lt; 0.0001). Based on the KEGG enrichment analysis of transcriptomic sequencing, CAPE effectively alleviated the inflammation in zebrafish mainly through pancreatic secretion, complement and coagulation cascades, and protein digestion and absorption. Molecular docking supported the potential of CAPE in targeting cholecystokinin (CCK) A Receptor (CCKAR) and mediating the regulation of pancreatic secretion and related inflammation pathways. Moreover, intestinal microbiota analysis demonstrated that CAPE could improve the alcohol-induced microbiota disorder. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the key genes related to lipid and sterol metabolism among the KEGG-enriched pathways and the specific intestinal microbial communities in zebrafish. Flavobacterium from Bacteroidota was significantly positively correlated with CEL1, CEL2, and LPIN (p &lt; 0.01), which suggested that the anti-inflammatory function of CAPE was closely associated with the intestinal microbiota improvement. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that CAPE could ameliorate liver inflammation in alcohol-induced zebrafish, which was mainly associated with the regulation of pancreatic secretion and intestinal microbiota disorder. This study emphasized the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CAPE based on targeting the pancreatic secretion pathway, which will broaden the application of natural antioxidants in improving metabolic and inflammatory problems.

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experience with the source evaluation board method of procuring technical components for the Fermilab Main Injector

Fermilab has adopted the source evaluation board (SEB) method for procuring certain major technical components of the Fermilab Main Injector. The SEB procedure is designed to ensure the efficient and effective expenditure of Government funds at the same time that it optimizes the opportunity for attainment of project objectives. A qualitative trade-off is allowed between price and technical factors. The process involves a large amount of work and is only justified for a very limited number of procurements. Fermilab has gained experience with the SEB process in awarding subcontracts for major subassemblies of the Fermilab Main Injector dipoles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of CMOS APS in star tracker

Small satellites are now capable of performing missions that require accurate attitude determination and control. However, low weight, size, power, and cost requirements limit the types of attitude sensors that can be used on a small craft, making attitude estimation difficult. In particular, star trackers -- often the attitude sensors of choice for spacecraft, ballistic missile etc., are not practical for small satellites, and CMOS APS is a good substitute for attitude sensors. Some of the technical advantages of CMOS APS are no blooming, low power consumption, direct digital output, small size and little support circuitry, simple to design, etc. This paper discusses the application probability of CMOS APS technology in star tracker for use in small satellites. A ground-based prototype vision system based on CMOS APS has been built to demonstrate the advantages of using CMOS APS in star tracker. Resolving capability, noise, radiation hardening and some other characteristics are discussed in detail. CMOS image sensor is sure to be a potential replacement of CCD in the field of attitude sensors.

Topic: Inertial Sensor and Navigation
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Photodynamic therapy effectively palliates gynecologic malignancies.

PDT is an effective therapy in patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies and limited treatment options. PDT is an alternative therapy that offers the possibility of complete response in select groups of patient populations. Specifically, it provides palliation for superficial recurrent lesions of skin, cervix, vagina and vulva, in the absence of distant disease.

Topic: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Discovering Supernovae at the Epoch of Reionization with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Abstract Massive stars play critical roles for the reionization of the universe. Individual massive stars at the reionization epoch ( z &gt; 6) are too faint to observe and quantify their contributions to reionization. Some massive stars, however, explode as superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) or pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) that are luminous enough to observe even at z &gt; 6 and allow for the direct characterization of massive star properties at the reionization epoch. In addition, hypothetical long-sought-after PISNe are expected to be present preferentially at high redshifts, and their discovery will have a tremendous impact on our understanding of massive star evolution and the formation of stellar mass black holes. The near-infrared Wide Field Instrument on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will excel at discovering such rare high-redshift supernovae. In this work, we investigate the best survey strategy to discover and identify SLSNe and PISNe at z &gt; 6 with Roman. We show that the combination of the F158 and F213 filters can clearly separate both SLSNe and PISNe at z &gt; 6 from nearby supernovae through their colors and magnitudes. The limiting magnitudes are required to be 27.0 mag and 26.5 mag in the F158 and F213 filters, respectively, to identify supernovae at z &gt; 6. If we conduct a 10 deg 2 transient survey with these limiting magnitudes for five years with a cadence of one year, we expect to discover 22.5 ± 2.8 PISNe and 3.1 ± 0.3 SLSNe at z &gt; 6, depending on the cosmic star formation history. The same survey is estimated to discover 76.1 ± 8.2 PISNe and 9.1 ± 0.9 SLSNe at 5 &lt; z &lt; 6. Such a supernova survey requires the total observational time of approximately 525 hr in five years. The legacy data acquired with the survey will also be beneficial for many different science cases including the study of high-redshift galaxies.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
AC distribution grid proposal to improve the power quality of the Line-B Metro System of Mexico City

A power quality diagnosis campaign was done for the Line B of the Mexico City underground system to understand and improve its behaviour. A comparative analysis of the results obtained during the campaign is presented describing a method to improve the power quality. The AC distribution of this underground system consists of a set of transformers and multipulse rectifiers; however, the harmonic content is highly dominant by the 6k±1 harmonic order and the harmonic distribution is poorly mitigated by the load-balanced arrangement. The field measurement work, the practical issues at the power quality campaign and a proposal to improve the harmonic performance are explained together with the field and estimated results obtained with measurements realized to the AC medium voltage grid of the Mexico City Line B. (6 pages)

Topic: Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analytical Review of Land Use Changes by Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in District Gujrat, Pakistan

Assessment of changes in land use and land cover through remote sensing and GIS is very important and keyanalysis. Urbanization has been continued by the rapid growth in the world economy so; it is the key study withregards to agriculture and urbanization. The aim of this study is to determine the loss of agriculture land and effects ofincreasing urbanization on surface temperature. For urban temperature impact analysis, distinctive time series ofLandsat images have been chosen. Temporal analysis for different time series shows the decrease in agriculture landand increase in built up area. Urbanization increased the temperature up to 20C. Positive correlation is found betweenbuilt-up area and temperature and negative correlation is found between green spaces and temperature. Unplannedurban sprawl and lack of proper irrigation system according to population are major problems in study area. Recentstudy will be helpful for decision makers to develop the sustainable environment policy in future.

Topic: Remote Sensing and Land Use
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Excitation of guided waves of grounded dielectric slab by a THz plane wave scattered from finite number of embedded graphene strips: Singular integral equation analysis

Abstract The scattering and absorption of the H‐polarised wave by a finite number of graphene strips embedded into a grounded dielectric slab is considered in the terahertz frequency range. The rigorous and efficient method of singular integral equations is used here. The discretisation is based on the convergent meshless Nystrom‐type algorithm. Graphene is modelled as a zero thickness layer with a complex conductivity obtained from the Kubo formalism. Dependences of the total scattering cross section, including the part that is associated with dielectric slab guided waves, and absorption cross section as well as near field patterns are studied. The behaviour of the scattering and absorption characteristics is explained in terms of resonances on the natural modes supported by the studied structure. Special attention is paid to the excitation of the dielectric waveguide eigenwaves near the grating‐mode resonances.

Topic: Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Local Policies for High-Growth Firms

This chapter identifies types of local policies that are conducive to generating high-growth firms. It discusses the transitions on the person level that precede the realization of a full-fledged high-growth firm: transitions into ambitious individuals, entrepreneur, and ambitious entrepreneurs. Insight into these preceding transitions is necessary in order to increase the pool of potential high-growth firms and to target particular transitions in the path toward becoming a high-growth firm. Important enabling high-growth firm policies can be found in the areas of education policy and labor market policy. Even though these enabling policies are rather generic in nature, they can be made more effective by targeting particular groups that are more relevant for particular transitions toward becoming a high-growth firm. In addition, there are many targeted industrial policies and regional cluster policies that also have direct implications for the presence of high-growth firms. In order for local policies to be effective they should not conflict with national and supranational policies.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermodynamic Process Modeling in Pressure Wave Superchargers

The Pressure Wave technology has proved real potential in improving performance and efficiency of thermodynamic systems. Its working principle is based on the transfer of energy between two fluids that are in direct contact for a very short period of time. This technology was implemented in many various applications, including: pressure wave superchargers for internal combustion engines, wave rotor constant volume combustors, novel generation of rotary thermal separators, wave rotor refrigerators, ultra-micro gas turbines, heat exchangers cleaning devices, etc. This paper is a theoretical analysis of the evolution of the pressures along the wave rotor channels for the exhaust gases and for the fresh air. Furthermore, a simulation of the phenomenon at the contact of the two fluids is provided in order to show the interaction of the high energy fluid with the low energy fluid. The theoretical analysis was made using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The study results were represented graphically. The simulation was modeled to reproduce data such as pressures, mass flows and velocities usually measured in real engine pressure wave supercharging. Results were obtained at different range of operating time aiming a high boost pressure into the intake manifold that can assure a better response in increasing the engine power.

Topic: Combustion and Detonation Processes
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dependence of the adsorption and catalytic properties of a copper-platinum catalyst on the structure of metal particles and the composition of the catalyst surface

The kinetics of H2 desorption from the surface of a copper-platinum catalyst deposited on silica gel ([1 wt % Pt + 0.15 wt % Cu]/SiO2) and the kinetics of C6H12 dehydrogenation were studied. The effects of copper introduction in a platinum catalyst on the structural characteristics of platinum particles, the composition of their surface, and the effects of plasmochemical treatments on these parameters were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The metal-H atom bond energies (E Pt-H) and the catalytic activity were found to increase in the presence of Cu. This was explained by the formation of new hydrogen adsorption centers (due to the Cu+δ adatoms) and catalytic centers composed of Cu+δ adatoms and carbon atoms. The mean diameter of Pt particles (D) increased twofold. The microstresses (ɛ) in the particles increased after the catalyst was treated with glow discharge plasma in Ar and O2 and with high-frequency plasma in H2 (HF-H2). The observed changes in the bond energy E Pt-H and kinetic parameters were explained by the increase in microstresses in Pt particles.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Social and financial efficiency: Institutional characteristics of the partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

Efficiency analysis of the Partner Organizations can benefit all the microfinance sector's key stakeholders to benchmark the current scene and formulate optimal policy agenda. This study seeks to measure the partner organizations of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund's social and financial efficiency and to identify causes and sources of their inefficiencies. A non-parametric technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to investigate the Partner Organizations' efficiency throughout 2005–2015. The required data was obtained from the database of the Mix-Market and Pakistan Microfinance Network. The social and financial efficiency was estimated assuming Constant Return to Scale, Variable Return to Scale, and with respect to the Operational Scale of the Partner Organizations. Results revealed that the partner organizations are more scale efficient (median = 75%) than pure technically efficient (median = 55%). Further, graphical representations show a decreasing linear trend and negative serial correlation in the percentage of efficient partner organizations. The model fit results show that institutional characteristics that influence partner organizations' efficiencies significantly include their age, Operational Self-Sufficiency, personnel, loan officers, assets and debt. Finally, the diagnostic tests for endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence were performed.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Copper Chelation Therapy in a Transgenic Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein in blood vessels and leads to hemorrhages, strokes, and dementia in elderly individuals. Recent reports have shown elevated copper levels colocalized with vascular amyloid in human CAA and Alzheimer's disease patients, which have been suggested to contribute to cytotoxicity through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we treated a transgenic rat model of CAA (rTg-DI) with the copper-specific chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), <i>via</i> intraperitoneal (IP) administration for 6 months to determine if it could lower copper content in vascular amyloid deposits and modify CAA pathology. Results showed that TTM treatment led to elevated Aβ load in the hippocampus of the rTg-DI rats and increased microbleeds in the wild type (WT) animals. X-ray fluorescence microscopy was performed to image the distribution of copper and revealed a surprising increase in copper colocalized with Aβ aggregates in TTM-treated rTg-DI rats. Unexpectedly, we also found an increase in the copper content in unaffected vessels of both rTg-DI and WT animals. These results show that IP administration of TTM was ineffective in removing copper from vascular Aβ aggregates <i>in vivo</i> and increased the development of disease pathology in CAA.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Catching Villains: Finding single cells responsible for cancer drug resistance and metastasis

Despite the widespread acceptance that cell-to-cell variability is a defining feature of cancer, much remains unknown about stem-cell like cancer cells that are hypothesized to be responsible for both metastasis and drug resistance (Marusyk, Almendro, and Polyak 2012). Few analytical techniques exist that can quantify single cell drug uptake, hindering progress towards decoding how cancer cells evade therapeutics. This project aims to address the dearth of analytical chemical methods available for single cell analysis, by employing accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to directly quantify chemotherapeutic uptake in single cells.

Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tyrosine Phenol Lyase

Abstract Crystalline l-tyrosine phenol lyase (deaminating) was prepared from the cell extract of Escherichia intermedia A-21 grown in a medium supplemented with l-tyrosine. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, protamine sulfate treatment, DEAE-Sephadex and hydroxylapatite column chromatographies, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Crystals were obtained from solutions of the purified enzyme by the addition of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 170,000. The crystalline enzyme catalyzed the stoichiometric conversion of l-tyrosine into phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia, in the presence of added pyridoxal phosphate. The enzyme also catalyzed pyruvate formation from d-tyrosine, S-methyl-l-cysteine, l-cysteine, l-serine and d-serine, but at rather lower rates than from l-tyrosine. l-Alanine, phenol, and pyrocatechol inhibited pyruvate formation from these substrates.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Semantic Description For Agent Design Patterns

Abstract. In last years, multi-agent systems (MAS) have achieved a remarkable success and diffusion in employment for distributed and complex applications. A fundamental contribution has come by the adoption of reuse techniques and tools providing a strong support during the design phase. Even though design patterns have been widely accepted by industrial and academic organizations as a proper technique for reuse, their definition still imposes deep concerns on contemporary software engineers. Design patterns are largely sensitive to different contexts where they are employed, especially on how they are blended with each other. This work introduces a design language for describing fine-grained pattern formalizations and compositions based on structural semantics. This formalization as been used in order to describe a couple of design patterns for agents and their composition.

Topic: Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences