jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
4 An evaluation of the availability of information accessible for emergency situations within the patient population of a palliative care service

<h3>Background</h3> In an emergency, medical professionals need urgent access to patient information. Patients can share information via the Message in a Bottle (MIAB) scheme or via the 'emergency contacts' feature on their smartphone. <h3>Objectives</h3> The first objective was to find out if patients receiving specialist palliative care use the MIAB scheme, or their smartphones, to store and share health information. The second objective was to increase the use of these methods to share information. The third objective was to make the use of these methods' routine, beyond the end of this project. <h3>Methods</h3> We asked patients attending Y Bwythn Newydd to complete a simple questionnaire about how they store and share information about their health in case of an emergency. We gave a Lions' tub to those patients that did not have one, explaining that the scheme provided information about their diagnosis, next of kin information, and any advanced care decisions such as preferred place of care/death. We taught patients how to use the 'emergency contacts' feature on their smartphone. <h3>Results</h3> 31 patients completed the questionnaire. Only one of the patients was already using a MIAB. 28 MIAB tubs were handed out over four weeks. 29 out of 31 patients thought the scheme was a good idea. Nine out of 31 patients had a smart phone, of which four had set up the 'emergency contacts' feature. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This project increased the use of the Message in a Bottle scheme, and the 'emergency contacts' smartphone feature. We have demonstrated how to increase the use of these methods of sharing emergency information. Advance care planning with simple interventions such helps empower patients and their families by ensuring their wishes are fulfilled at the end of life. More research is needed to further evaluate the impact of such interventions.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Health care information processing: how accurate are the data?

Managed health care providers, governmental agencies, lawmakers, and the general public are now relying on informational databases to influence health care decisions. This information is also used to derive efficiency profiles for both the individual physician and the institution. However, database reporting procedures are not standardized or monitored. Further, the ICD-9-CM coding system lacks specificity. Consequently, the accuracy of the information in a typical informational database is questionable. As a result, credentialing of physicians and institutions may be based on erroneous information from inaccurate databases. The objective of our study was to document the accuracy of a local informational database. We did a retrospective review of 40 randomly selected charts with surgical procedure codes (ICD-9-CM) for decompression or diskectomy. We compared the diagnosis, procedures, comorbid events, and complications as originally recorded by the surgeon with results of our chart review. We also compared the procedure codes as originally recorded by a hospital recorder with results of our chart review. Results indicated that the information actually reported to the hospital database was lacking or inaccurate in 70% of cases. Discrepancies were not the fault of hospital coders; the coding accuracy rate was 95%. Discrepancies were largely the result of two problems. First, the primary procedure code (ie, the first code on the list recorded by the hospital medical records personnel) did not always match the actual primary procedure (ie, the most complex procedure) done by the surgeon. Second, the ICD-9-CM code was not specific enough to accurately describe the actual surgery done. We conclude that critical discrepancies were recorded into the informational database.

Topic: Medical Coding and Health Information
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a standardized Large River Bioassessment Protocol (LR-BP) for macroinvertebrate assemblages. River Research and Applications

Efforts to develop benthic macroinvertebrate sampling protocols for the bioassessment of lotic ecosystems have been focused largely on wadeable systems. As these methods became increasingly refined and accepted, a growing number of monitoring agencies expanded their work and are now developing sampling protocols for non-wadeable large rivers. Large rivers can differ from wadeable streams in many ways that preclude the use of some wadeable stream sampling protocols. Hence, resource managers need clear and consistent large river bioassessment protocols for measuring ecological integrity that are cost effective, logistically feasible, and meet or are adaptable to the multi-purpose sampling needs of researchers and managers. We conducted a study using an experimental macroinvertebrate sampling method that was designed to overcome limitations of several methods currently in use. Our objectives were to: (1) determine the appropriate number of sampling points needed; (2) determine an appropriate laboratory subsample size to use and (3) examine how varying reach length affects assemblage characteristics. For six reaches in each of two large rivers, we sampled the macroinvertebrates of both banks at 12 transects separated by increasingly larger distances using a multi-habitat, semi-quantitative technique. Interpretation of results relied on the values attained for nine benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage metrics. Results from Monte Carlo methods indicated that, using the sampling methods described herein, a representative sample of the assemblage was collected by sampling both banks on 6 transects. Across all sites, we did not observe a consistent relationship between transect spacing (i.e. total reach length) and metric values, indicating

Topic: Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of phytoextracts against seed mycoflora of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) cultivars under in vitro condition

In vitro evaluation of seven phytoextracts as seed dresser against seed mycoflora of Indian bean revealed custard apple leaf extract proved to be most effective with least number of fungal infected seeds followed by turmeric rhizome extract.Neem leaves extract also proved their potential against seed mycoflora.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of BAL in COVID-19 patients: a prospective multicentre study

The present study is part of DRAGON, a prospective multicentre European project aimed at improving the diagnosis of COVID-19. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate BAL role in detecting coexisting infections. Secondary aims are BAL impact on the management of COVID patients, characteristics of BAL cellularity in COVID patients, and safety of BAL in COVID patients and for healthcare providers. The study was carried out in 2021. It involved hospitalized patients in non-ICU wards at Careggi University Hospital in Florence, at CHU of Liege and at Morgagni Hospital Bologna University/Forlì. All patients underwent BAL for microbiological and cytological analysis. Coinfections were detected in 35 out of 115 patients. In 34% of cases we demonstrated the presence of lymphocytic alveolitis; in 49% of cases a neutrophilic alveolitis and in 7% of cases we observed the presence of a mixed lymphocytic/neutrophilic alveolitis. All patients tested positive for Sars-Cov-2 PCR nasal swabs on admission. BAL was positive for Sars-Cov-2 in all cases, 7 PCR nasal swab performed at the time of the BAL were negative. No major adverse events were demonstrated in the 24 hours after BAL in enrolled patients. There were no cases of infection among health care workers involved in bronchoscopic procedures. Coinfections in COVID-19 patients are common. BAL is a safe tool to identify the presence of coinfections and help clinicians manage these patients correctly. BAL cellularity in covid patients shows a predominance of neutrophils, particularly in cases of co-infection. Our data suggests an earlier negativisation of nasopharyngeal swab compared to BAL.

Topic: Pneumothorax, Barotrauma, Emphysema
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Confusions about multiculturalism

Australian multiculturalism – an integrative policy strategy aiming at managing cultural diversity – was adopted as government policy in Australia in the 1970s. In its original rendition, Australian multiculturalism was embedded in classical sociological theory, integrative, reciprocal, egalitarian and respectful of the majority. However, it has also been confused with ethnic pluralism and assimilationist ‘melting pot’ approaches, and these confusions are apparent in the recent European and domestic criticisms. The article outlines the principles of Australian multiculturalism, identifies its theoretical foundations, and highlights some of the popular confusions about its meaning, focus and objectives.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Experimental Characterization of Combined RowHammer and RowPress Read Disturbance in Modern DRAM Chips

DRAM read disturbance can break memory isolation, a fundamental property to ensure system robustness (i.e., reliability, security, safety). RowHammer and RowPress are two different DRAM read disturbance phenomena. RowHammer induces bitflips in physically adjacent victim DRAM rows by repeatedly opening and closing an aggressor DRAM row, while RowPress induces bitflips by keeping an aggressor DRAM row open for a long period of time. In this study, we characterize a DRAM access pattern that combines RowHammer and RowPress in 84 real DDR4 DRAM chips from all three major DRAM manufacturers. Our key results show that 1) this combined RowHammer and RowPress pattern takes significantly smaller amount of time (up to 46.1% faster) to induce the first bitflip compared to the state-of-the-art RowPress pattern, and 2) at the minimum aggressor row activation count to induce at least one bitflip, the bits that flip are different across RowHammer, RowPress, and the combined patterns. Based on our results, we provide a key hypothesis that the read disturbance effect caused by RowPress from one of the two aggressor rows in a double-sided pattern is much more significant than the other.

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New concepts for antiarrhythmic drugs in the 1980's.

In the 1980's, arrhythmias will be treated with new drugs with increasing efficacy and safety. A better understanding of basic biology will provide the framework for the physician to deal with the problem areas presented. Better chemical techniques for assaying plasma concentration of primary drug and metabolite will provide the clinical basis for administering these new agents. The importance of altered protein binding on both the efficacy and safety of drugs will become better understood. Drug interactions will be appreciated for having both a beneficial and harmful effect in certain patient syndromes. Understanding factors which relate to the bioavailability of a drug will no doubt provide clues as to better administration patterns in most patients. The decade of the 1980's will prove exciting for the clinical pharmacologist and the cardiologist as they treat patients with cardiac arrhythmias.

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How to Frame Destination Foodscapes? A Perspective of Mixed Food Experience

Foodscape conceptualizes the dynamic human–food–place nexus. Tourism provides a cross-cultural context where tourists can consume different destination foods and places, during which multiple types of destination foodscapes are produced. However, few studies explore how to frame the types and connotations of destination foodscape. Tourists’ travelogues provide a rich database to examine this question. Through netnography, this study collects and analyzes 86 posts of travelogues published from 2012 to 2019 in Mafengwo, a famous Chinese online travel community, about Chinese tourists’ food experiences in Chiang Mai, Thailand. We summarize five types of destination foodscapes, globalized recreational foodscape, staged local foodscape, glocalized foodscape, authentic local foodscape, and overseas ethnic foodscape in which tourists obtain different familiar-novelty hybrid experiences. This study contributes to interdisciplinary dialogue between food and tourism literature by proposing a coordinate framework with two axes, the spectrum of cultural distance and the spectrum of serving tourists/locals, to classify destination foodscape and a six-dimensional network construct to reveal the connotations of destination foodscape. Relevant strategies for promoting destination food and tourism development are also provided.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Eclamptic Plasma Stimulates Norepinephrine Release in Cultured Sympathetic Nerve

Abstract —The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plasma from eclamptic and preeclamptic patients on cultured sympathetic nerve. Sympathetic neurons from 12- to 14-day-old chick embryos were cultured; the neurons were then stimulated with 50% plasma from eclamptic, preeclamptic, hypertensive, normotensive pregnant, hypertensive, and normotensive nonpregnant women (n=7). Similarly, neurons were individually incubated with mixtures of 50% corresponding plasma with 0.25% bupivacaine or bupivacaine only (n=7). Furthermore, the effects of 1%, 10%, and 50% plasma from eclamptic, preeclamptic, and normotensive pregnant patients (n=7) were also evaluated. Norepinephrine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Electron microscopic studies of nerve cells were also performed. Stimulation with plasma from eclamptic and preeclamptic women significantly increased norepinephrine concentration ( P &lt;0.0001) compared with control. The release of norepinephrine was found to be concentration-dependent. Conversely, norepinephrine secretion was significantly hampered by bupivacaine treatment ( P &lt;0.0001). Electron microscopic studies in eclamptic and preeclamptic plasma–stimulated nerve cells showed that perikarya were in close contact with each other and with nerve cell processes. After treatment with bupivacaine, nerve cells were irregular in shape and the cell membranes were demyelinated. These results suggest that eclamptic and preeclamptic plasma has an excitotoxic effect on sympathetic nerve via axoplasmic membrane depolarization, thus increasing norepinephrine secretion that is blocked by bupivacaine. A preeclamptic condition may be improved by depression of sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a multi-adaptive feeding device for automated plug seedling transplanter

In order to improve the adaptability of the seedling feeding devices to different plug trays for various seedlings, a multi-adaptive plug seedling feeding device for automatic field transplantation was developed. Its efficiency and adaptability have been improved using a seedling delivery device equipped with a row of end-effectors, which were provided with continuous plug seedlings by a compact seedling tray conveyor carrying out a reciprocating action. Each operation for the seedling feeding device could work automatically through a control system. Three categories of plug seedlings, cucumber, pepper and tomato seedlings, were tested. The results of the performance test for the prototype demonstrated that the best performance emerged in the cucumber seedlings in 50-cell trays with the highest success rate of 88% at the feeding frequency of 6 groups/min. The lowest success rate was 73.33% for the tomato seedlings in 105-cell trays at the feeding frequency of 12 groups/min. It can be concluded that the automated feeding device developed in this study could be used for various plug seedlings as a result of its strong adaptability.
Keywords: plug seedling, automated feeding device, vegetable transplanting, control system
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211402.6003

Citation: Shao Y Y, Han X, Xuan G T, Liu Y, Gao C, Wang G P, et al. Development of a multi-adaptive feeding device for automated plug seedling transplanter. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(2): 91–96.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development

?Responsible Tourism presents a wide variety of valuable lessons learned in responsible tourism initiatives in Southern Africa that many tourism practitioners can use in their efforts to make the tourism sector work for the poor and for the environment.?Dr Harsh Varma, Director, Development Assistance Department, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)?For those interested in how tourism can assist in the economic and social development of societies in need, Responsible Tourism effectively integrates scales and types of knowledge to present an informative, stimulating perspective. It will be on my

Topic: Local Economic Development and Planning
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of the Tricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecane System by a Tandem Pinacol Rearrangement‐Ene Strategy: A Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Perhydrohistrionicotoxin.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevention of Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI): A Clinical Practice Protocol in High-Risk Patients

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents 25% of failed total knee arthroplasties (TKA). The European Knee Associates (EKA) formed a transatlantic panel of experts to perform a literature review examining patient-related risk factors with the objective of producing perioperative recommendations in PJI high-risk patients. Methods: Multiple databases (Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library) and recommendations on TKA PJI prevention measures from the International Consensus Meetings on PJI from the AAOS and AAHKS were reviewed. This represents a Level IV study. Results: Strong evidence was found on poor glycemic control, obesity, malnutrition, and smoking being all associated with increased rates of PJI. In the preoperative period, patient optimization is key: BMI &lt; 35, diet optimization, Hemoglobin A1c &lt; 7.5, Fructosamine &lt; 292 mmol/L, smoking cessation, and MRSA nasal screening all showed strong evidence on reducing PJI risk. Intraoperatively, a weight-based antibiotic prophylaxis, accurate fluid resuscitation, betadine and chlorhexidine dual skin preparation, diluted povidone iodine solution irrigation, tranexamic acid administration, and monofilament barbed triclosan-coated sutures for soft tissues closure all represented effective prevention measures. In the postoperative period, failure to reach normalization of ESR, CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 six weeks postoperatively suggested early PJI. Conclusion: The current recommendations from this group of experts, based on published evidence, support risk stratification to identify high-risk patients requiring implementation of perioperative measures to reduce postoperative PJI.

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reactions of co-ordinated ligands. Part 36. The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of the three-alkyne ‘fly-over’ complex [Mo<sub>2</sub>{µ-(σ,η<sup>3</sup>:η<sup>3</sup>,σ-C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)}(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]; formation and structure of [Mo<sub>2</sub>{µ-(σ,η<sup>3</sup>:η<sup>3</sup>,σ-C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)}(CO)<sub>2</sub>(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]

One-electron reduction of [Mo(NCMe)(η2-McC2Me)2(η5-C9H7)][BF4] with sodium or magnesium amalgam in thf affords the three-alkyne 'fly-over' complex [Mo2{µ-(ση3:η3,σ-C6Me5)}(η5-C9H7)2](1). The structure of (1) has been established by X-ray crystallography. The dinuclear complex contains two molybdenum atoms at an interatomic distance consistent with the presence of a triple bond [Mo(1)–Mo(2) 2.305(2)Å]. Each molybdenum carries an η5-bonded indenyl ligand, and is also bonded (σ and η3) to a C6Me5 fragment in a 'fly-over' mode beginning and ending with different molybdenum atoms. The mechanism of formation of (1) is discussed. It is interesting that (1) does not react with an excess of but-2-yne. However, treatment of the 30-electron species with CO at room temperature leads to the rapid formation of the 34-electron dicarbonyl species [Mo2{µ-(σ,η3:η3,σ-C6Me6)}(CO)2(η5-C9H7)2](2) whose structure was established by X-ray crystallography. The effect of the addition of two carbonyl ligands is to lengthen the Mo–Mo distance to 2.933(1)Å, a length compatible with a bond order of unity. The increase in the Mo–Mo distance spanned by the C6Me5 fragment is accompanied by an uncoiling of the 'fly-over' unit. An isomeric dicarbonyl species (3) with higher symmetry (C2 instead of C1) is formed in refluxing hexane, suggesting that (2) is the kinetically controlled product. In contrast, 2,6-xylyl isocyanide reacts at room temperature with (1) to form [Mo2{µ-(σ,η3:η3,σ-C6Me6)}(CNC6H3Me2-2,6)2(η5-C9H7)2](4), which is isostructrual with (3), i.e. the thermodynamically controlled product. The formation of these molecules is discussed in the context of related species obtained on the thermal reaction of alkynes with the dinuclear complex [Mo2(µ-alkyne)(CO)4(η-C5H5)2].

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences