jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cerebral angiography. Its use in acute head injuries and undiagnosed coma.

One of the major factors in treating a patient with acute alteration of consciousness is to determine if progressive intracranial hemorrhage is present. Similar problems are encountered in cases of cerebrovascular disease where increasingly effective medical and surgical methods of treatment are available. Progressive cerebral thrombosis can be arrested by anticoagulants, intracranial hemorrhage can be controlled and atheromatous occlusion of a major artery can be corrected. Intracranial mass lesions can be detected when the history is not available or is misleading. Cerebral angiography is a relatively safe diagnostic test that is certainly preferable to delayed or haphazard treatment when an exact diagnosis is uncertain in an unconscious patient.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PYY, a novel factor in human myogenesis

Rationale Factors intrinsic and extrinsic to skeletal muscle cells account for a significant portion of the regenerative dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Molecules synthesized by skeletal muscle are key factors in regenerative programming and subsequent formation of the repaired tissue. Identification and mechanistic understanding of skeletal muscle factors involved in regenerative processes will aid in developing therapies to improve skeletal muscle‐related disorders. Our lab recently identified Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine (PYY) as a novel skeletal muscle peptide with a likely role in skeletal muscle regeneration. Skeletal muscle gene expression of PYY is down‐regulated with aging and in individuals who do not hypertrophy after resistance exercise training. PYY increases in circulation after exercise and energy intake; however its role in skeletal muscle is unclear. Hypothesis Based on previous reports and observations, we hypothesized that PYY plays a role in myogenic mechanisms and thus, skeletal muscle health. Methods Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of young females (YF) were taken and skeletal muscle progenitor cells were harvested and grown in culture. Study 1: Cells from YF (n=3) proliferated in growth media (GM) until ~80% confluent. GM was then removed and replaced by fresh differentiation media (DM) every 24h. Cells were harvested for RNA at −6h (6h before switching from GM to DM), 0h (immediately before switching to DM), 6h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h. Study 2: Cells from YF (n=1) were sorted to ensure myoblast heterogeneity. Sorted cells were cultured in GM as described above. The PYY gene was silenced with siRNA (200 pmol, siPYY) transfection 24h prior to switching to DM. siPYY resulted in a 60% knockdown of PYY mRNA levels. Cells were harvested at 48h for RNA. For Studies 1 and 2, expression of the PYY gene and myogenic regulatory factor genes, myogenin and MyoD, were measured using quantitative PCR. Results In study 1 PYY mRNA levels were transiently detected in human myoblasts during differentiation. In study 2 the PYY knockdown resulted in 7.5‐ and 2.3‐fold greater myogenin and MyoD mRNA levels, respectively, at 48h DM compared to controls. Myogenin gene expression from the siPYY cells was elevated at 48h to levels comparable to the 96h time‐point in untreated, differentiating cells. Conclusions This is the first evidence that PYY is expressed is human skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Additionally, silencing PYY in primary human progenitor cells may result in premature differentiation suggesting a potential key role of PYY in maintaining skeletal muscle regenerative mechanisms. Support or Funding Information Cornell Start‐up

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD TESPEL #158435.1

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Fullerenes in chinese Ink. A Correction

Abstract Re-determination of fullerenes in Chinese ink sticks and their raw soots by reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed much smaller contents of C60 and C70 than previously reported, 3 ppm at most. The older sticks tend to yield less C60 than the more recent ones.

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Modern Musical: Recent trends and the narrowing gap between Broadway and the West End

I wrote “The Modern Musical” as my final research paper for Goucher’s three-week intensive course in London called “Dance and Theatre as Cultural Metaphors.” I chose to study musical theater simply because I have always enjoyed it but knew little about it. Besides, what could possibly be a more enjoyable method of doing research than going to see musicals? As I delved into my preliminary research, however, I was a little dismayed to find that the critics didn’t think as highly of The Phantom of the Opera as my friends, family, or I did. Many critics seem to think musicals have recently taken a turn for the worse, or even believe that musical theatre is a dead art form. Mark Grant has dedicated an entire novel to the discussion of The Rise and Fall of the Broadway Musical, which actually proved to be an especially helpful resource for writing this paper. In an effort to see why the critics who grew up in the “golden age of musicals” of the 50s and 60s didn’t appreciate the musicals I grew up with, I gathered information from a wide variety of sources. Novels and review articles from Goucher’s library helped elucidate recent trends. In London, the Victoria and Albert Museum’s theatre collection provided me with piles of programs and newspaper clippings from West End musicals. Personal interviews with Ian Nethersell, an actor and director of small-scale musicals in the London area, and British theatre historian Sarah Woodcock helped give me an insider’s personal perspective. On my own, I attended musicals such as Phantom of the Opera and Mamma Mia on Broadway, and drew my own conclusions. The first production on our London itinerary was Monty Python’s Spamalot. During the post-performance discussion, it became clear that one of our faculty instructors loved it, while the other was appalled. A number of the students had also seen the Broadway version of the same musical, which made for an interesting cross-cultural comparison. In our free time, a smaller group of us went to see Lord of the Rings, the musical, which may have been the most opulent spectacle I have ever seen. For better or for worse, the modern musicals of the past 30 years reflect our culture and our generation. Regardless of what the critics say has happened to modern theatre, I believe the current trend toward audience involvement appeals especially to our generation because television, videogames, and YouTube lack the novelty of a live performance and the possibility of interaction with the performers.

Topic: Theater, Performance, and Music History
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Lesotho - Debt management performance assessment

From September 21 to September 28, 2012, a joint World Bank and Macroeconomic and Financial Management Institute of Eastern and Southern Africa (MEFMI) team visited Maseru, Lesotho to undertake a comprehensive assessment of debt management functions. The team used the Debt Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) tool. In the governance and strategy area, there is a clear delegation to the minister of finance for borrowing and issuance of guarantees, but the mechanisms for coordination are not well developed. The coordination with macroeconomic policies generally meets the minimum requirements even though there is no clear separation with monetary operations. Cash management is not actively conducted despite very large cash balances in the Central Bank of Lesotho (CBL). There is no cash flow forecasting and no interest is earned on government cash balances. Strengths have been identified in the operational risk management area. There is a duality requirement for recording of both domestic and external loans. The debt records are not complete as domestic guarantees generally are not recorded. The treasury bonds and bills are recorded by the Public Debt Management Division (PDMD) with an average lag of three months.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Retroperitoneal lymph node lymphangioleiomyomatosis: tumor with an ambiguous clinical course

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a mesenchymal tumor included in PEComa family. Lung is the most frequent localization of LAM where it has bilateral spread and leads to respiratory failure. Development of LAM can be provided by tuberous sclerosis or it can be of sporadic nature. Extrapulmonary LAM usually develops in posterior mediastinal, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes. It is intriguing that primary nodal LAM, developed in the absence of pulmonary LAM, encounters relatively rare and discovers incidentally. Despite the well-known relationship of pulmonary LAM with tuberous sclerosis and occurrence of the tumor in young female patients, clinically occult LAM lesions can be encountered in wide age range and usually these aren’t associated with tuberous sclerosis. Prognostic significance of incidentally found nodal LAM is still under debate as well as probability of metachronous lung involvement. Here we present small case series of accidentally discovered LAM in retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes of four female patients.

Topic: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Association between Workload of Frontline Health Workers and The Risk of Perceived Stress During COVID-19 Mass Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on mental heath, and in particular on health workers on the frontlines of pandemic response efforts, particularly in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to highlight the association of workload and adverse stress impact on healthcare workers during COVID-19 mass vaccination and its contributed factors. The method use a cross-sectional survey using a web-based questionnaire was conducted from the end of July to the beginning of August 2021. Participants were selected from all health facilities in Indonesia, with the minimal sample size 345 required. Logistic regression was performed using STATA 16.0 to assess the association between workload and perceived stress. This study revealed that prevalence of perceived stress was 36.2% among total of 447 eligible subjects. Health workers who had high-relatively levels of workloads (OR=1.76; 1.00-3.09) and without history of stress diagnosis (OR=5.23; 1.06-5.87) were more likely to develop perceived stress. The high level of workload was associated inversely with a decreased risk of stress according to age and stress diagnosis. The conclusions is a decreased risk of stress associated with workload among health professionals.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Contribution of Electrical Resistivity Measurements to the Analysis of Landslide Events

B010 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS TO THE ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE EVENTS Abstract 1 In order to gain insight into the study of natural avalanches dynamics we illustrate a statistical model based on a dissipative dynamical variable associated to a position dependent factor of safety field. This model as experimentally demonstrated is able to reproduce the complex structure of landslide events such as power-law distributions. In this paper we introduce an explicit dependence of the safety factor on the electrical resistivity to simulate landslide events in pyroclastic soils. An application of the model to data acquired in a test

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Renal Nutrition—Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going

This paper is a synopsis of an invited lecture entitled, The Future of Renal Nutrition, that was presented at the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy, July 2022. The purpose of this presentation is to suggest some of the advances in the field of renal nutrition that the authors think are likely to occur during the next several years. There will be continued development of methods for precisely diagnosing and classifying protein-energy wasting and developing methods to treat this disorder. Why weight loss commonly occurs when the GFR decreases to about 30–35 mL/min/1.73 m2 and why substantial weight loss (&gt;5%/year) is associated with increased mortality will be investigated. Clinical consequences of the interactions between gut microbiota, nutrient intake and other environmental influences will continue to be examined. The clinical value of diets high in fruits and vegetables or other plants for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients will continue to be studied. Our knowledge of how different diets and medicines affect intestinal absorption, metabolism and excretion of nutrients will expand. Precision medicine will be extended to precision nutrition. There will be more focus on the effects of nutritional disorders and dietary treatment on the emotional status and quality of life of people with kidney disease and their families. Nutritional centers that provide centralized nutritional assessment and dietary counselling for CKD patients may develop in more urban centers. More clinical trials will be conducted to test whether nutritional management improves clinical outcomes in people with kidney disease. It is hoped that the foregoing comments will encourage more research on these topics.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Naegleria fowleri in 2023: A rising threat to Pakistan

Madam, Naegleria fowleri, i.e., brain-eating amoeba, is a single-cell, free-living parasite that resides in soil and warm freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It enters the nasal cavity from contaminated water, uses the olfactory nerve to reach the brain, and causes a deadly infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a mortality rate higher than 97% even with treatment. (1,2) It causes symptoms similar to those of other bacterial and viral meningitis, such as fever, headache, vomiting, altered level of consciousness and coma, followed by death in the span of a week to 10 days. (1) There are 20 strains of Naegleria world worldwide, but only N. fowleri is dangerous to humans. (1) In 2008, the first case was reported from Karachi, Pakistan. (2) By 2019, the number had reached 146, (2) and the cases have been increasing until now. In 2023, eight cases have been reported from May to August, among which seven are from the province of Sindh and one from Punjab. (3, 4, 6) The available data shows that two deaths were due to recreational water activities and others because of contaminated tap water.(3,4) This pathogenic amoeba commonly infects men, and the majority of cases were in people aged 26 to 45 years.(1) Of all the reported cases this year, one was a 32-year-old female, and seven were males in the aged 19-45 years.(3,4, 6) The increasing global warming and higher authorities' negligence towards WHO recommended chlorination (0.1-10 mg/L) of domestic water supply are contributing factors to the higher burden of Naegleria fowleri cases in Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan .(5) The new lethal strain of N. fowleri, named as Karachi-NF001, has been found in one patient who traveled from Saudi Arabia to Karachi in 2019. (2) These emerging cases concern strict actions against this problem and the need to alert the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) regarding consistent chlorination from April to October. (5) The monsoon season (May to September) is the best time to spread awareness regarding its prevention and update the current status of N. fowleri in our country. The general public should be encouraged to use boiled or sterilised water for ablution and avoid aquatic activities in non-chlorinated water during the summer season. (3) Besides that, all underground and overhead water tanks in homes, hospitals, shopping malls, schools, offices, etc. should be cleaned once a year. (3)

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Influence of Chinese University Students' Choice of Couples on the View of Love and Marriage

Based on the literature research and exploration on love and marriage in recent years, this study divides Chinese university students' views of love into three types, romantic, realistic and traditional views. At the same time, in the process of literature research, it is also found that three types of views of love and marriage are affected by different choices of spouse. This study chooses five choices of spouse, which have obvious influence on the view of love: communication, responsibility, physiognomy, capability and economic condition. By using the empirical method and referring to the questionnaire of choices of spouse and views of love and marriage prepared by predecessors, through the survey of 421 Chinese university students, it is found that the three types of university students' view of love are affected by different choices of spouse. Communication, responsibility and physiognomy have significant influence on university students with romantic view of love. Physiognomy, capability and economy significantly affect the realistic view of love. Economy, physiognomy and responsibility have a significant impact on the traditional view of love. Economy and physiognomy have a positive impact on the traditional view of love, and responsibility has a positive impact on the traditional view of love and marriage. Through the results of this study, the characteristics of Chinese university students' view of love and marriage are inferred: traditional and realistic views of love are coexisting; conservative and opening ideas are mingling.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Affine formation of multi-agent systems over directed graphs

This paper proposes a simple, distributed control protocol for multi-agent systems with relative sensing capability over a directed network to achieve an affine formation. In contrast to the linear consensus protocol, the control protocol in this paper takes both positive and negative weights that partially encode the target formation shape and is thus able to achieve a formation pattern rather than just consensus. Having possibly negative weights in a graph, the associated Laplacian is called the generalized Laplacian. The connection between the generic rank property of the generalized Laplacian and the connectivity of a directed graph is established, based on which a necessary and sufficient graphical condition is developed to ensure the emergence of an affine formation by the proposed distributed control protocol.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bibliography of printed works cited

A collection of essays about the Colonial Medical Service of Africa in which a group of distinguished colonial historians illustrate the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy reality of government medical provision. The authors present important case studies in a series of essays covering former British colonial dependencies in Africa, including Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. These studies reveal many new insights into the enactments of colonial policy and the ways in which colonial doctors negotiated the day-to-day reality during the height of Imperial rule in Africa. The book provides essential reading for scholars and students of colonial history, medical history and colonial administration.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of respira inhalation on the oxygen saturation of a patient’s blood (SpO2): A Case Report

Introduction: Infection and the accompanying inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, influenza and COVID-19, are among the deadliest diseases in human life in the world. Due to the high emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, we strive to find alternatives to contribute to the treatment by using a new formulation of a mixture of six essential oils in the form of a drop called Respira drops for a therapeutic approach to the upper or lower parts of the respiratory system infection, either by inhalation or sniffing, or by touching it with the body in the form of a skin patch on the head, neck, or chest. The present study suggested that natural essential oils may act as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in respiratory tract hypoxia, inflammation, and bacterial and viral infection (influenza and COVID-19). Case presentation: A 62-year-old Yemeni man was suffering from acute pneumonia and had used antibiotics his condition improved, but he was suffering from difficulty breathing and stayed on the use of oxygen at home for more than three months, and his SpO2 ranged between 75 to 85 and he also suffered from an abdominal hernia, and he went for a procedure Surgery, and when the SpO2 was measured at 86, the surgery was not completed as a result, so he used Respira drops by inhalation and by steam for twenty-four hours and the next day he went to the hospital and the SpO2 was measured 96 and the operation was performed and he continued using Respira for two weeks three times per day and his condition improved completely. Conclusion: The present case study shows the excellent therapeutic response for Respira drops as inhalation and smiling three times per day increased SpO2 levels which reflect the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-viral effects (influenza and COVID-19).

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences