jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Predator Age and Prey Defense on the Functional Response of <i>Podisus maculiventris</i> Say to the Density of <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> Drury

Abstract Experiments were designed to find the functional response (response per predator) of the pentatomid Podisus maculiventris to the population density of larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea . The response was measured in confined universes, (glass jars), representing webworm nests, and it was found permissible to vary universe size, within certain limits, in order to obtain a wide range of prey densities without handling large numbers of larvae. The “disc equation” proposed by Holling (1959) was found to describe the response curves, except at very high prey densities, and to provide a satisfactory biological explanation for their decreasing slopes. P . maculiventris ingests about 84% of its own weight for each fifth-instar larva of H . cunea attacked successfully, and the time spent in feeding and becoming hungry enough to make another attack reduces very substantially the time devoted to searching activities. Both prey defense (Fig. 1) and the age of the adult predator (Fig. 2) have very important effects on the functional response curves and on the values of the parameters, a and b , of the disc equation. These effects are explained. The “rate of discovery”, a , is contrasted to Nicholson's (1933) “area of discovery” and it is shown why the former is more likely to be independent of prey density than the latter. In view of the population of webworm larvae in the average nest, it is concluded that the functional response of the various predators inside the nest is probably not important, and that attention should be devoted instead to the functional and numerical responses of predators and parasites to the density of nests per unit area. Because of the vigorous defense exhibited by fifth-instar webworm larvae, predation by timid predators like P . maculiventris is selective and larvae whose development is delayed by parasitism are likely to suffer more predation than healthy larvae.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The value of the gap year in the facilitation of career adaptability

CITATION: Rabie, S. &amp; Naidoo, A. V. 2016. The value of the gap year in the facilitation of career adaptability. South African Journal of Higher Education, 30(3):138‒155, doi:10.20853/30-3-631.

Topic: Career Development and Diversity
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamically Adjusting Transformer Batch Size by Monitoring Gradient Direction Change

The choice of hyper-parameters affects the performance of neural models. While much previous research (Sutskever et al., 2013; Duchi et al., 2011; Kingma and Ba, 2015) focuses on accelerating convergence and reducing the effects of the learning rate, comparatively few papers concentrate on the effect of batch size. In this paper, we analyze how increasing batch size affects gradient direction, and propose to evaluate the stability of gradients with their angle change. Based on our observations, the angle change of gradient direction first tends to stabilize (i.e. gradually decrease) while accumulating mini-batches, and then starts to fluctuate. We propose to automatically and dynamically determine batch sizes by accumulating gradients of mini-batches and performing an optimization step at just the time when the direction of gradients starts to fluctuate. To improve the efficiency of our approach for large models, we propose a sampling approach to select gradients of parameters sensitive to the batch size. Our approach dynamically determines proper and efficient batch sizes during training. In our experiments on the WMT 14 English to German and English to French tasks, our approach improves the Transformer with a fixed 25k batch size by +0.73 and +0.82 BLEU respectively.

Topic: Advanced Neural Network Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of Monosaccharide and Disaccharide in Astragalus membranaceus by High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light-scattering Detector

Objective To establish the method for determining the content of monosaccharide and disaccharide in Astragalus membranaceus by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative lightscattering detector(HPLC-ELSD).Methods HPLC parameters were as follows:Waters X BridgeTMamino column(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)as the chromatographic column;acetonitrile-water(70∶30)as the mobile phase;flow rate 1.0mL/min;column temperature 30℃.ELSD parameters were as follows:nebulizer temperature 50 ℃;drift tube temperature 90 ℃;gas flow rate 1.60L/min;gain 1.0.Results Fructose,sucrose,and maltose showed a good linear relationship between the logarithmic values of content and peak area within 0.10-0.90μg(r=0.999 9),1.00-9.00μg(r=0.999 6),and 0.25-2.25μg(r=0.999 4),and the average recovery rates were 97.97%(relative standard deviation(RSD)=1.56%),97.82%(RSD=1.53%),and 97.36%(RSD=1.59%),respectively.Conclusion The established HPLC-ELSD method is simple,accurate,and repeatable,and can be used for determining the content of monosaccharide and disaccharide in Astragalus membranaceus.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of Hematologic Reference Values of Neonates in Mashhad - Iran

The results of laboratory tests have little practical utility unless clinical studies have ascribed various states of health and disease to intervals of values.Several factors affect hematologic values, including race, environment, time of sampling, test method, blood collection site, gestational age and maternal factors.Since these factors vary in various populations, they can cause differences in reference hematologic values.Between September 2007 and March 2008, 447 healthy neonates with more than 2500 g weight were selected and cord blood specimen was taken using EDTA as the anticoagulant.Complete blood count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC indices were measured by Sysmex cell counter.Differential leukocyte counts were determined in peripheral blood smear.Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.50).A p value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.Mean values and reference ranges of hematologic parameters were as follows: WBC (x10 3 µl)= 11.62 (5.16-18.2),RBC (x10 6 µl)= 4.45 ( 3.61-5.29),Hb (g/dl)=15.9(13-18.8),Hct (%)= 48.3 (39.6-56.9),MCV (fl)= 108.7 (97.5-119.8),MCH (pg)= 35.8 (31.7-40),MCHC (g/dl)= 33 (30.1-35.2),RDW (%)= 17. 1 (14.1-20.3).We observed some differences in hematologic values of neotanal cord blood in comparison with other references which are in use in daily clinical practice.Especially RBCs and hemoglobin were higher and MCV, WBC and absolute neutrophil count were lower.

Topic: Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Initiative procurement documents : the difference betweenThe United Kingdom and Malaysia / Nooriha Abdullah, Darinka Asenova and Stephen J. Bailey.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and make explicit the appropriate allocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis of documents and practices relating to risk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications for achievement of value for money or other such objectives in PPP/PFI.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Station list and links to master tracks in different resolutions of HEINCKE cruise HE439, Bremerhaven - Bremerhaven, 2015-02-20 - 2015-03-10

Station list and links to master tracks in different resolutions of HEINCKE cruise HE439, Bremerhaven - Bremerhaven, 2015-02-20 - 2015-03-10

Topic: Cruise Tourism Development and Management
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Separatism among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces Muslims 1860–1923. By Francis Robinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974. Appendix, Index, xiii, 469 pp. $22.50

Separatism among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces Muslims 1860–1923. By Francis Robinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974. Appendix, Index, xiii, 469 pp. $22.50 - Volume 35 Issue 2

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
For want of a chair: Teaching price formation using a cap and trade game

“Cap and trade” is one of the most innovative policy options developed by environmental economists. By placing a cap on a social bad and allowing firms to buy and sell the right to generate it, policymakers combine government intervention with market-based incentives to improve welfare and internalize the externality. Such programs represent a great opportunity for instructors to show students how economic theory is used in the real world. Students can learn several important tenets of economics by playing an in-class game based on musical chairs, which creates a market for pollution using a mobile app or paper-based interaction. This active learning method engages students and improves comprehension of price formation, gains from trade, voluntary response to incentives, and an important environmental policy.

Topic: Innovations in Educational Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Solid Phase, Sandwich-Type Radioimmunoassay forAntithyroglobulin: Elimination of False Positive Resultsand Semiquantitative Measurement of Antithyroglobulinin the Presence of Elevated Thyroglobulin*

Thyroid disorders can be associated with elevated concentrations of serum antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and/or thyroglobulin (Tg), but none of the available anti-Tg assays deals with anti-Tg measurements in the presence of abnormally high Tg levels. The competitive binding radioassay produces falsely elevated values for anti-Tg if serum Tg is elevated and either falsely elevated or depressed values if both Tg and anti-Tg are abnormally high. The falsely elevated anti-Tg values can be identified by measuring the formation of Tg[125I]anti-Tg complexes in the supernatant of the anti-Tg assay (supernatant assay). For screening purposes, we modified the original anti-Tg RIA into a solid phase, sandwich-type RIA. Anti-Tg in serum or standard is first bound to plastic cups coated with Tg and then quantitated by binding of [125I]Tg. This assay has a detection limit of 2 U/ml serum, intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of 9--15%, and a normal range of less than 2 U/ml. When sera with normal Tg concentrations were analyzed, the results for anti-Tg obtained by the competitive binding RIA and the new sandwich RIA were comparable as far as positives and negatives were concerned, and the numerical values for positive sera correlated moderately well (r = 0.79); the sandwich assay, in general, gave lower values for anti-Tg. The major advantages of the sandwich anti-Tg RIA are the elimination of false positive results and its applicability to sera containing high levels of both Tg and anti-Tg. In the latter case, the results indicate the level of free anti-Tg present, as opposed to antibody present in the form of Tg-anti-Tg complexes.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Do we need Positive Psychology in Croatian kindergartens? The implementation possibilities evaluated by preschool teachers

Abstract Constant changes in a modern world and scientific knowledge from the growing field of Positive Psychology appear to make a previously unheeded contribution to preschool teacher competences. The aim of this study was to explore preschool teachers' opinions concerning the need for positive psychology knowledge and its implementation. A nine-item pool was used on a sample of 49 preschool teachers (mean age 33) enrolled in a graduate programme of early and preschool care and education in Rijeka. Overall, preschool teachers liked this subject very much and thought it was needed very much for their profession at all work levels. Also, they viewed the positive psychology findings as very useful and applicable in their work, and especially in their work with children. Finally, they saw lots of implementation possibilities in Croatian kindergartens. Keywords: positive psychologyCroatian kindergartenspreschool teachersimplementation

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Indigenous innovators: the role of web marketing for cultural micro-enterprises

The Indigenous cultural sector is a dynamic and highly valuable to the Australian economy, returning an estimated $100 million annually. The majority of Indigenous cultural producers are micro-enterprises—businesses consisting of fewer than five employees. Many of these struggle to market their products, some from extremely remote and isolated locations; others with few resources in urban areas.




This paper initially approaches a conceptual orientation to Web marketing as a potential signifier of innovation and entrepreneurship. The paper draws on previous literature and a current exploratory study of Indigenous Cultural Micro-Enterprises (ICMEs), focussing on two case studies for deeper analysis. The two exemplary cases outlined are Maningrida Arts Centre, and the performing arts organisation Kooemba Jdarra. Specifically, their innovative use of recent technology (multimedia websites) will be assessed to answer the question: What are the attributes of effective ICME Web marketing?




Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Is there a role for systemic targeted therapy after surgical treatment for metastases of renal cell carcinoma?

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a challenging disease. Despite the new targeted therapies, complete remissions occur only in 1%-3% of the cases, and the most effective first-line treatment drugs have reached a ceiling in overall survival (ranging from 9 to 49 mo). Metastasectomy remains to be the only curative option in most patients with mRCC. Prognostic nomograms have been recently published, so we have tools to classify patients in risk groups, allowing us to detect the cases with the higher risk of recurrence after metastasectomy. Although sparse, there is some evidence of effectiveness of neoadjuvant targeted therapy before metastasectomy; but with an increase in surgical complications due to the effects of these new drugs in tissue healing. We have aimed to answer the question: Is there a role for systemic targeted therapy after surgical treatment for metastases of renal cell carcinoma? We have made a search in Pubmed database. As far as we know, evidence is low and it's based in case reports and small series of patients treated with adjuvant drugs after neoadjuvant therapy plus metastasectomy in cases of partial response to initial systemic treatment. Despite the limitations and high risk of bias, promising results and cases with long-term survival with this approach have been described. Two ongoing clinical trials may answer the question that concerns us.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
April (1998), 1–40 On q-analogues of Riemann’s zeta

The aim of the paper is to define q-deformations of the Riemann zeta function and to extend them to the whole complex plane. The construction is directly related to the recent difference generalization of the Harish-Chandra theory of zonal spherical functions [C1,C2,C3]. The Macdonald truncated theta function [M1] replaces x s. The analytic continuation is based on the shift operator technique and a more traditional approach close to Riemann’s first proof of the functional equation (see [E,R]). We introduce q-deformations using the real and imaginary integration. The construction depends on the particular choice of the path and the integrand much more than in the classical theory. We come to several different functions with different properties. All have meromorphic continuations to the whole complex plane. The basic ones approach ζ (up to a Γ-factor) as q → 1 for all s thanks to the Stirling-Moak formula for Γq [Mo]. There are also equally interesting transitional q-zeta functions converging to ζ for ℜs&amp;gt; 1 and to proper combinations of gamma functions for ℜs &amp;lt; 1. They approximate ζ

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Identities
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
CPT Coding in Dermatopathology

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding in dermatopathology can be a challenge, although it is simple in the majority of cases. The presented case studies and examples show possible mistakes that can be the reason for overcharge or unnecessary loss of revenue.

The table method is used as a CPT coding methodological educational tool in surgical pathology by taking dermatopathology as an example.

The material is divided into two groups: coding situations clearly defined in the CPT manual and clinical situations that can have different interpretations while coding. The incorrect coding in the first group is determined by different “masks” during accession. The second group requires definite justification of the coding choice in the pathology report.

Topic: Infectious Diseases and Mycology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Operational Risk Measured by Bayesian Networks with a Poisson-Gamma Joint Distribution in a Financial Firm

Main objective is to quantifying capital requirements of Operational Risk based on Bayesian inference by using an operational risk advanced measurement model, particularly when historical information is not available for a typical Mexican financial institution. The model employs a conjugated Poisson-Gamma distribution and feeds from experts interviews information so parameters can be measured. Monte Carlo simulations based on an interval for experts expected value of a loss event were generated from which following results were collected: 1) operational risk value can be gotten with insufficient information at a 95% of confidence, 2) expected losses tend to increase when experts expected events increase as well, 3) a positive correlation between operational risk and experts expected events exist, 4) frequency and severity of losses are smaller at the beginning and higher as operational risk value is been approached, then both decrease again. Described results depend highly on assumptions model and experts opinion and information available. Methodology proposed stands for an operational risk advanced measurement, so a specific strategy can be formulated for the firm to avoid losses and therefore operational risk.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 1 of Effect of an enteral amino acid blend on muscle and gut functionality in critically ill patients: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Additional file 1. Supplemental Figures and Tables. Supplemental Figure 1: Study design. Supplemental Figure 2: Flow chart. Supplemental Table 1: Indexed muscle volume of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps. Supplemental Table 2: Muscle Strength. Supplemental Table 3: Twitch airway pressure. Supplemental Table 4: Forced vital capacity. Supplemental Table 5: Urine 3 methyl-histidine. Supplemental Table 6: Plasma I-FABP. Supplemental Table 7: Plasma citrulline. Supplemental Table 8: C-reactive protein. Supplemental Table 9: Procalcitonin. Supplemental Table 10: Ferritin. Supplemental Table 11: Fibrinogen. Supplemental Table 12: Feacal calprotectin. Supplemental Table 13: Alanine aminotransferase. Supplemental Table 14: Alkaline phosphatase. Supplemental Table 15: Bilirubin. Supplemental Table 16: Pre-albumin. Supplemental Table 17: Albumin. Supplemental Table 18: Threonine Supplemental Table 19: Proline. Supplemental Table 20: Serine. Supplemental Table 21: Cysteine. Supplemental Table 22: Leucine. Supplemental Table 23: Arginine. Supplemental Table 24: Glutamine. Supplemental Table 25: Zinc. Supplemental Table 26: Cholesterol.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
World review of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)

Leschen, Richard A. B. (2011): World review of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). Zootaxa 2908: 1-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201491

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Magnetogasdynamies and its possible Aeronautical Applications

Professor Lighthill's paper has discussed the dissociative behaviour of air at the high temperatures produced when it is compressed in a shock or heated by friction in a boundary layer under hypersonic flight conditions. Just as molecules may dissociate into atoms, so may these molecules and atoms split further into charged ions and electrons. The equilibrium state of this ionisation process is amenable to the same thermodynamical or statistical-mechanical treatment as in the case of dissociation, the Law of Mass Action in this context being referred to as the Saha equation. Consider the simplest case where a monatomic gas is singly ionised, a fraction α of the atoms having lost one electron, so becoming singly charged positive ions.

Topic: Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vector Biology and Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

There are two primary geographical divisions within an area collectively called Southeast Asia, Mainland SEA and Maritime SEA. Mainland SEA includes Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia. The first five countries including Yunnan Province, southern China is referred to as the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Maritime SEA consists of Eastern Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah States located on Borneo Island), Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and East Timor (Timor-Leste). Most of these areas are at risk for a variety of vector-borne diseases, especially malaria, one of the most important diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences