jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study of Incidence and Indications of Primary Cesarean Section in Multiparus Women with Outcome of Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION:
Laparotomy and hysterotomy incision through surgery to deliver the fetus is called Cesarean section. In modern days, higher complications in normal vaginal delivery is the major reason for choice of c section in India whereas this was already followed by US since decades. Healthy survival was possible for women in ancient days post normal delivery as they performed heavy physical work. However, modern women have less physical ability for normal vaginal delivery
because of the low strength and fear of issues after a normal vaginal delivery. Today’s women being literate and aware of the difficulties like Postpartum infections which includes uterine, bladder, or kidney infections, excessive bleeding after delivery, pain in the perineal area (between
the vagina and the rectum), Vaginal discharge, swollen breasts, clogged ducts, Stretch marks and also the vital reasons are Hemorrhoids and constipation along with Urinary or fecal (stool) incontinence, Hair loss, Postpartum depression, Discomfort during sex and difficulty regaining the pre-pregnancy shape becomes crucial factor to decide for C section over normal vaginal delivery.
AIM OF THE STUDY: 
1. To study the incidence of primary cesarean in multiparous women.
2. To study the indications of primary cesarean in multiparous women.
3. To study the maternal and fetal outcome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
This is ananalytical cross-sectional research conducted from April 2019 to October 2019. For the purpose of analysis and research, I have taken the data of 100 primary cesarean sections in multipara happened in RSRM Lying-in hospital affiliated to Stanley Hospital, Chennai. The cases are women undergoing cesarean section for the first time whereas the prior child birth are only through normal vaginal delivery.
RESULTS:
Most cases comprise of age group 26 – 30 which amounts to 41% out of which 97% were booked cases and rest 3% are unbooked. Frequent signs of cesarean section in multiparous women is performed due to Fetal distress - 28%, Breech in labour - 14% and Transverse lie in labour – 13% of the total cases analyzed. No maternal mortality is taken into account. Anemia – 7and wound infections – 3 were the highest post-operative complications discovered among the18% of patients and no complications in 82% of the cases. Fetal distress is the common factor for NICU admission with 26 cases and 14 infants were kept in observation out of 100. Total Perinatal morbidity was 61% which contains Mal presentation at the highest rate of 27%. Neonatal morbidity was 26% in the study done.
CONCLUSION:
Fetal distress,Breech in Labour and Transverse lie in labour were the main reason of cesarean section in multiparous women.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Location and attribute analysis of ceramics, lithics, and special finds recovered during 2015 surveys and excavations in Olgulului/Olarashi Group Ranch, Kenya : A supplement to the PhD thesis of Anna C. Shoemaker (2018) on the archaeology of Amboseli

This data was acquired during the production of a PhD thesis pertaining to the archaeology of Amboseli. The amount of information obtained during ceramic and lithic analysis was often in excess of ...

Topic: Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Green and sustainable drug analysis – Combining microsampling and microextraction of drugs of abuse

A novel method combining microsampling of whole blood containing drugs of abuse with 96-well liquid solution microextraction (Parallel Artificial Liquid Membrane Extraction, PALME) and analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was evaluated. Different donor solutions, supported liquid membranes and acceptor solutions were tested, and the most promising set-up was validated. The method included common classes of drugs of abuse, such as opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics. Extraction recoveries above 70% were found for 13 of the compounds, while the last four compounds had recoveries of 10–58%. THC was not extracted with the current method. A linear calibration model was found for all drugs but morphine. Limits of quantitation were between 1 and 5 ng/mL and inter-day precision and accuracy was within 20% for all compounds except for morphine and zopiclone that had a CV of 25% at LOQ. All matrix effects were within 78–123%. Samples were stable for 14 days except for zopiclone and zolpidem. With low-cost, high sample throughput, semi-automated miniaturized sample preparation in combination with dried blood microsamples, and an Eco-Scale score of 78, the proposed method fulfills green chemistry principles.

Topic: Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Focusing on Oppression in Social Work Education

Abstract This chapter stresses the importance of focusing on the oppression in social work education. It emphasizes that social work students need to deeply understand how the intersectionality of oppression works in clients’ situations in a society where individuals grow into neoliberalism. To bring a more substantial impact to the issue, a new teaching method was piloted based on combining experiential knowledge; work with personal, cultural, and structural analyses according to Neil Thompson; and the self-experiential techniques of the Theater of the Oppressed. The effects of the teaching were evaluated using a photovoice technique with students and people with lived experience. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The chapter introduces the teaching approach and evaluation results and further discusses how oppression could be taught in social work education. The chapter closes by presenting barriers to teaching about oppression as well as possible strategies to overcome them.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis and Evaluation of a Two Engine Configuration in a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle

The paper proposes the use of two engines as primary energy converter in a new generation refuse hauling vehicle with a series hybrid electric powertrain. The mission profile of such a vehicle in most U.S. cities is composed by an urban driving cycle for refuse collection, with low power requirements, followed by a highway section in which the vehicle travels at full power. Thus, while the engine must be sized for high power levels, it will be used at low loads for most of the time. The original Diesel engine is replaced with two smaller common-rail Diesel engines. The smaller engines are the same used in many mid-size European sedans and provide high peak efficiency. When the power required by the vehicle is low, the power request can be satisfied using only one of them, and the other one can be switched off. Thus, the only engine in use is running at high load (i.e., high efficiency) and the fuel consumption can be reduced in comparison with a single, bigger engine running at low load. An analysis of the typical vehicle driving cycle is carried out in order to evaluate the advantages of the dual engine architecture. The control strategy of the hybrid electric powertrain, which usually splits the power between the engine and the energy storage system, is extended with an additional degree of freedom, managing the power split between the two engines in order to minimize the instantaneous fuel consumption. A vehicle simulator is used to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the proposed architecture, and to determine the best conditions for its implementation. Significant reductions of fuel consumption are obtained under proper conditions.

Topic: Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Artificial Photosynthesis. Synthesis and characterisation of complexes containing phenoltriazole ligands.

This project describes the synthesis and study o f the electrochemical and photophysical properties of four ruthenium(bipyridyl)2 complexes containing a triazole ring and a phenol grouping, with respect to artificial photosynthesis.&#13;\n&#13;\nA concerted effort has been made in the last decades to create compounds capable of absorbing the solar light and converting it into a stable chemical form. This project deals with photoinduced electron transfer.&#13;\n&#13;\nRuthenium polypyridyl complexes have been shown to be attractive candidates for excited state electron transfer process in fluid solution. Two different phenoltriazole ligands have been synthesised for their interesting features. Altering the state of protonation of the triazole ring affects the photophysical behaviour of the complexes. The phenol moiety is used in an attempt to. mimic the tyrosine function in photosystem II where this grouping is involved in photoinduced electron transfer to P680. One of the ligands synthesised contains a pyridyl ring, the other one contains a pyrazyl ring. This difference has a significant effect on the photophysics of the complexes.&#13;\n&#13;\nAcid/base behaviour, electrochemistry and absorption/emission properties of the complexes have been studied and compared with those of appropriate model compounds. The results are discussed in order to understand the photophysical and electrochemical behaviours of these compounds, with the final goal of designing photochemical molecular devices.

Topic: Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combinatorial Libraries and Molecular Recognition - Match or Mismatch?

During the past decade combinatorial libraries have emerged as a major tool for drug discovery and drug development. Especially “one-bead-one-structure” libraries can be a powerful means for the discovery of ligands to natural and synthetic hosts and vice versa. Encoded combinatorial libraries have been used to disclose ligands for well-designed macrocyclic host molecules and to elucidate their specificities for peptide sequences. These studies led via receptors with more flexibility to simple host molecules without elaborate design that are accessible to combinatorial synthesis. These findings opened a realm of possibilities and applications. An intriguing one is the development of chemical sensors for analytes that are otherwise hard or only unspecifically detected. Furthermore, such libraries and the techniques that were developed to handle them have been used to find new catalysts and enzyme mimics.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Can humans outsmart rodents? Learning to work collectively and strategically

Context Rodents are one of the major constraints in Asian rice production, both in pre- and post-harvest. Rodents are often perceived by farmers in developing countries to be consistently outsmarting humans – a belief that needs to be overcome. Ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) is a possible solution to manage rodent populations effectively, which in turn can help sustain food security in Asia. Well coordinated community action is necessary to effectively carry out EBRM. This paper considers the socio-cultural challenges of EBRM. Aims To determine whether a multi-stakeholder partnership, facilitated through experiential learning and the use of existing social capital, can generate collective actions for strategic rodent management. Methods Participatory action research was employed in the implementation of EBRM in irrigated rice systems in the Red River Delta in Vietnam. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used including household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Key results The multi-stakeholder partnership and participatory approach effectively generated adoption of EBRM. The strong linkages between extension and political organisations generated diffusion of EBRM into neighbouring provinces. The adoption of EBRM reduced rodenticide use (50%), decreased rice areas with rodent damage (93%), increased rice yields (10–14%), increased economic returns for farmers (20%), strengthened farmers’ collective actions, and changed farmers’ perspectives on rodent management towards a biologically sustainable approach. Conclusions Humans can indeed outsmart rodents through the use of EBRM principles that rely on community actions. Sustainable community actions can be achieved through participatory approaches and a multi-stakeholder partnership built on existing social capital of the society and local communities. Overall, the adoption of EBRM meant better rice yields, higher economic returns for farmers, and reduced human health and environmental risks. Implications To address the problem of sustainable adoption by farmers of an agricultural technology for natural resource management, active participation of various stakeholders through a multi-stakeholder partnership is essential. This partnership should emanate from the social capital of the society, such as the networks of organisations across different scales, from the national to the village level, and the cultural norms and values adhered to by the members of the society and local communities.

Topic: Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Syndrome Compared with Other Common Chronic Pain Diagnoses—A Study from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation

Although chronic pain is common in patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) and hypermobility syndromes (HMS), little is known about the clinical characteristics of these groups. The main aim was to compare EDS/HMS with common local and generalized pain conditions with respect to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Data from the Swedish Quality Register for Chronic Pain (SQRP) from 2007 to 2016 (n = 40,518) were used, including patients with EDS/HMS (n = 795), fibromyalgia (n = 5791), spinal pain (n = 6693), and whiplash associated disorders (WAD) (n = 1229). No important differences in the PROMs were found between EDS and HMS. Women were represented in &gt; 90% of EDS/HMS cases and fibromyalgia cases, and in about 64% of the other groups. The EDS/HMS group was significantly younger than the others but had a longer pain duration. The pain intensity in EDS/HMS was like those found in spinal pain and WAD; fibromyalgia had the highest pain intensity. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were very similar in the four groups. Vitality—a proxy for fatigue—was low both in EDS/HMS and fibromyalgia. The physical health was lower in EDS/HMS and fibromyalgia than in the two other groups. Patients with EDS/HMS were younger, more often female, and suffered from pain for the longest time compared with patients who had localized/regional pain conditions. Health-care clinicians must be aware of these issues related to EDS/HMS both when assessing the clinical presentations and planning treatment and rehabilitation interventions.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An ergodic theorem for evolution in a random environment

Let w 1 , w 12 and w 2 be the fitnesses of genotypes A 1 A 1 , A 1 A 2 and A 2 A 2 in an infinite diploid population, and let p n be the A 1 , gene frequency in the n th generation. If fitness varies independently from generation to generation, then p n is a Markov process with a continuum of states. If E [In( w i / w 12 )] &lt; 0 for i = 1, 2, then there is a unique stationary probability, and the distribution of p n converges to it as n → ∞.

Topic: Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease in California

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease, but environmental factors may influence disease susceptibility and or progression from infection to disease. Ecologic analyses, including a preliminary study conducted, suggest a possible link between active TB and ambient air pollution. Animal models demonstrate that air pollution is associated with a reduction in cytokines that normally prevent latent TB infection (LTBI) from progressing into clinical disease. The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the association between ambient air pollution (as measured by SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) and incident pulmonary TB (PTB). An additional aim was to determine whether cigarette smoking is a risk factor for PTB disease in this population, and whether smoking influences the association between air pollution and increased risk of developing PTB. To address these aims a case-control study nested among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) was undertaken. Using electronic clinical databases (ECD), incident cases of PTB diagnosed among adults between the years 1996-2010 were selected, and controls without a history of PTB matched to the cases on age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Cigarette smoking, current and historical residential addresses, and other covariates of interest were abstracted from the ECD. To estimate individual-level pollutant exposure geocoded addresses were linked to inverse distance weighted surfaces of average monthly pollutant concentrations, produced by the California Air Resources Board. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between individual air pollutant and incident PTB, stratifying on history of cigarette smoking. These results are the first from an analytic epidemiologic investigation undertaken to formally evaluate the hypothesis that individual-level estimates of air pollution concentrations are associated with an increased risk of incident PTB. Considering the high air pollution levels and increasing TB rates internationally, their potential association warrants study.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploration à l’échelle atomique de catalyseurs constitués de platine supporté sur alumine gamma chlorée

Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts consisting of metallic sites and acidic sites are used in various processes and the impact of active site proximity in catalytic efficiency can be expressed as an “intimacy criterion” according to the literature. Platinum supported on chlorinated γ-Al2O3 is the traditional catalyst for catalytic naphtha reforming and is at the core of the present work. Herein, a multi-technique approach, including HR-HAADF-STEM, electron tomography, high field MAS NMR, HERFD-XANES, EXAFS, and DFT calculations, was applied to determine the location of the metallic and acidic sites on the Al2O3 support crystallites for Pt/ γ-Al2O3 -Cl catalysts and to estimate the distance between such sites. The samples, representative of the industrial catalysts, were synthesized so as to vary the distance between the two types of sites as a function of three key parameters: %Pt, %Cl and γ-Al2O3 crystallite size and shape.By building the first DFT model of crystallite edge between the (110) and (100) surfaces, an improved 1H NMR peak assignment was proposed and it was found that µ1-OH on the edge are preferably exchanged with Cl. STEM analysis showed that reduced Pt nanoparticles are of 0.9 nm and that around 20% of Pt is in the form of single atoms, which are stabilized by Cl. By electron tomography it was revealed that Pt nanoparticles are mostly located on the edges of alumina crystallites and that the quantified inter-Pt particles distance is directly tuned through %Pt. A first geometrical model of the location of Pt and Cl on the catalyst is proposed. The improved understanding of the location of active sites and their proximity in catalytic reforming catalysts gained though this work paves the way to catalyst improvement based on tuning of active site location.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Plasma cell P170 expression and response to treatment in multiple myeloma.

The detection of P170 in bone marrow plasma cells with the currently available methodology is not likely to predict response to treatments that include vincristine, anthracyclines or mitoxantrone. Further studies are required to evaluate the relevance of P170-related MDR to the development of MM therapy.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dataset 3: Influenza viruses induce cross-reactive antibody responses in vitro

B cells were obtained by negative selection, and then stimulated with CpG ODN 2006 or together with A/Vic11 for 6 days. Cross-reactive antibodies binding to H1, H2, H5, H6, H7 and B influenza subtypes in B cell culture were measured by mPlex-Flu assay. (A) Fold change in cross-reactive antibodies. All values of IgG levels (MFI) were subtracted those of medium before calculating fold change. Only those values of IgG induced by CpG plus A/Vic11 viruses, which were greater than 100, were selected to calculate fold change. Each symbol represents the median of fold change in levels of IgG induced by CpG plus H3 to IgG stimulated by CpG 2006 ODN alone. (B) Correlation between influenza specific antibodies and HA antigenic sequence.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tatar Virtual Institute of Kayum Nasyri

The article is devoted to the study of structure and activity of the network of centers of Tatar virtual Institute of Kayum Nasyri, created on the basis of Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication after Leo Tolstoy of Kazan Federal University. The aim of the Institute of Kayum Nasyri is the desire to become a world brand in its field. In this context, the Institute relies on the experience of such world-known educational centers as the British Council, the Institute named after Goethe, Cervantes Institute, Confucius Institute and Institute by Yunus Emre. The Institute's activities are associated with the development of collaboration in the field of education, support, promotion and development of the Tatar language and culture in the regions of the Russian Federation, countries of near and far abroad. There are 7 educational-cultural centers in the Institute at this moment. Each center is supplied with educational, informative literature and fiction, as well as the video-conferencing system for training, conferences and events online. The Institute of Kayum Nasyri is named after the famous Tatar educator. As a fervent supporter of friendship between Russian and Tatar people, he was the first of the educators to acquaintance the Tatars with the Russian history and culture in their native language, translated into the Tatar language many textbooks on geography, physics, mathematics, etc. Kayum Nasyri at the time, made the Russian-Tatar dictionary, was the author of a textbook of Russian grammar for the Tatars, as well as of the significant works in the field of the Tatar linguistics.

Topic: Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effectiveness of benzodiazepine premedication on recovery in day-case surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

For a firm conclusion regarding psychological phenomena, more research is needed. Anaesthetists should take into account this new evidence when they apply their premedication regime in day-case surgery.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences