jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MITOTIC SEGREGATION DEFECTS IN ORAL CANCER CELLS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY

Mitotic segregation defects such as multipolar spindles, anaphase bridges, and micronuclei have long been observed in cancer cells, but it is not known whether these defects lead to aneuploidy or even contribute to tumorigenesis. We visualize living oral squamous carcinoma cells with stable expression of GFP-histone H2B fusion. Expression of this fusion protein labels chromosomes clearly and does not disrupt the cell cycle, alter the doubling time or produce any defects previously unseen in fixed cells. These carcinoma cells survive the formation of anaphase bridges and micronuclei and complete a second cell division in the same amount of time as unaffected cells. Micronuclei were formed after every division that contained an anaphase bridge in cells we examined. Most often, each daughter cell contained a micronucleus. These results suggest that the chromosome breaks at multiple points along its length and breaking may not be due to a "tug of war" between spindle poles. The movement of micronuclei was very dynamic compared to the nuclei during interphase and micronuclei do not appear to be transcriptionally active. Using long-term live cell imaging we were also able to observe the fate of these cells through two divisions and have determined the length of each phase of mitosis. Anaphase bridges and lagging metaphase chromosomes both lengthen mitosis, suggesting that the mitotic spindle checkpoints are at least partially active in cells. The mitotic delays occurred during metaphase in these defective cells. We have also analyzed centrosomal components including the mitotic apparatus protein, NUMA. No correlations were found between protein expression of NuMA and gene amplification or segregation defects. In summary, we have shown that cells continue to proliferate after the occurrence of mitotic defects and these defects contribute to chromosomal instability.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does exposure to coal dust prevent or cause lung cancer?

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess knowledge of celiac disease among medical professionals (physicians). <h3>Methods:</h3> We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospital-based medical staff in primary, secondary, and tertiary care public, and private hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA). We carried out the study between January 2013 and January 2104 at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA. A pretested questionnaire was distributed to the potential participants. A scoring system was used to classify the level of knowledge of participants into 3 categories: poor, fair, and good. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 109 physicians completed the survey and of these participants, 86.3% were from public hospitals, and 13.7% from private hospitals; 58.7% were males. Of the physicians, 19.2% had poor knowledge. Interns and residents had fair to good knowledge, but registrars, specialists, and even the consultants were less knowledgeable of celiac disease. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Knowledge of celiac disease is poor among a significant number of physicians including consultants, which can potentially lead to delays in diagnosis. Educational programs need to be developed to improve awareness of celiac disease in the health care profession.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exciton relaxation in carbon nanotubes via electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer

Covalent functionalization of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) introduces new photoluminescent emitting states. These states are spatially localized around functionalization sites and strongly red-shifted relative to the emission commonly observed from the CNT band-edge exciton state. A particularly important feature of these localized exciton states is that because the exciton is no longer free to diffusively sample photoluminescent quenching sites along the CNT length, its lifetime is significantly extended. We have recently demonstrated that an important relaxation channel of such localized excitons is the electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer (EVET). This process is analogous to the Förster resonance energy transfer except the final state of this process is not electronically, but vibrationally excited molecules of the surrounding medium (e.g., solvent). In this work, we develop a theory of EVET for a nanostructure of arbitrary shape and apply it to the specific case of EVET-mediated relaxation of defect-localized excitons in a covalently functionalized CNT. The resulting EVET relaxation times are in good agreement with experimental data.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resorcylic Acid Lactones with Cytotoxic and NF-κB Inhibitory Activities and Their Structure–Activity Relationships

As part of our ongoing investigation of filamentous fungi for anticancer leads, an active fungal extract was identified from the Mycosynthetix library (MSX 63935; related to Phoma sp.). The initial extract exhibited cytotoxic activity against the H460 (human non-small cell lung carcinoma) and SF268 (human astrocytoma) cell lines and was selected for further study. Bioactivity-directed fractionation yielded resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) 1 (a new natural product) and 3 (a new compound) and the known RALs zeaenol (2), (5E)-7-oxozeaenol (4), (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (5), and LL-Z1640-1 (6). Reduction of (5E)-7-oxozeaenol (4) with sodium borohydride produced 3, which allowed assignment of the absolute configuration of 3. Other known resorcylic acid lactones (7-12) were purchased and assayed in parallel for cytotoxicity with isolated 1-6 to investigate structure-activity relationships in the series. Moreover, the isolated compounds (1-6) were examined for activity in a suite of biological assays, including antibacterial, mitochondria transmembrane potential, and NF-κB. In the latter assay, compounds 1 and 5 displayed sub-micromolar activities that were on par with the positive control, and as such, these compounds may serve as a lead scaffold for future medicinal chemistry studies.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1842801: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energetic Resilience of Linear Driftless Systems

When a malfunction causes a control system to lose authority over a subset of its actuators, achieving a task may require spending additional energy in order to compensate for the effect of uncontrolled inputs. To understand this increase in energy, we introduce an energetic resilience metric that quantifies the maximal additional energy required to achieve finite-time regulation in linear driftless systems that suffer this malfunction. We first derive optimal control signals and minimum energies to achieve this task in both the nominal and malfunctioning systems. We then obtain a bound on the worst-case energy used by the malfunctioning system, and its exact expression in the special case of loss of authority over one actuator. Further considering this special case, we derive a bound on the metric for energetic resilience. A simulation example on a model of an underwater robot demonstrates that this bound is useful in quantifying the increased energy used by a system suffering such a malfunction.

Topic: Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dosage Forms Mentioned in Kashyapa Samhita â€“ A Review

Kashyapa Samhita is an Ayurvedic treatise having main focus on the health and well-being of children and their pathological manifestations. It describes Mantras (Vedic Hymns), Sutikagarogas (diseases of puerperal period), Dhatri (midwife), Dantodbhava (dentition) etc., which has its sole theme devoted to the vicinity of paediatrics. Different dosage forms or medicaments have been depicted in this ancient wisdom of knowledge especially for paediatric diseases. A wide array of herbs, minerals and metals has been used throughout the text. Total 670 formulations mentioned in the classics were screened and formulated into different dosage forms like Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima, Sneha, Avaleha, Arista, Asava, Dhoopana, Anjana etc. Various Upa kalpanas like Yavagu, Ksheera, Kambalika etc. also have been amalgamated sporadically in this Samhita. Most of the formulations for internal administration have been advised to administer along with Ghrita and / or honey. In the current review, an attempt has been made to highlight the uniqueness of such formulations and to bring forward the specialities of such formulations with rational behind using these formulations.Â

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AK cells were developed from NK cells during in vitro culture of allogeneic or F1 anti-parental stimulation: functional conversion in recognizing H-2 expression of target cells accompanied by phenotypical conversion.

In vitro sensitization of (CBA x A)F1 spleen cells for 3 days with allogeneic C57BL cells raised the killer activity to the NK-sensitive YAC-1 target. When (A x C57BL)F1 spleen cells were cultured with parental C57BL cells, the lytic activity to YAC-1, P815 and EL-4 targets occurred on Day 6 after the culture. Phenotypical analyses showed that these culture-activated killer (AK) cells were derived from asialo-GM1+Thy-1-NK cells; however, they expressed Thy-1 antigen but not asialo-GM1 antigen at the effector cell level. Generation of the AK cells was not evident in cultures of spleen cells from mice with a neonatally induced tolerance to stimulator antigen and in those from T-cell-depleted mice. The supernatant of allostimulated culture, which contained a low concentration of IL-2, rendered the above cells capable of evoking AK activity. The H-2-reduced target cells were sensitive to NK cells, but less sensitive to AK cells; on the contrary, the H-2 highly expressed cells (interferon-treated cells) were less susceptible to NK cells but highly susceptible to AK cells. Thus, the relation between NK susceptibility and susceptibility to AK cells is inverse. Our study shows that stimulation with lymphokines causes a functional conversion accompanied by a phenotypical conversion of NK cells. With reference to immunosurveillance, these observations lead to the idea that NK and AK cells represent two functionally distinct but complementary systems involved in cell-mediated immunosurveillance.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ligand Additivity and Divergent Trends in Two Types of Delocalization Errors from Approximate Density Functional Theory

Despite its widespread use, the predictive accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) is hampered by delocalization errors, especially for correlated systems such as transition-metal complexes. Two complementary tuning strategies have been developed to reduce delocalization error: eliminating the global curvature with respect to charge addition or removal, and computing a linear response Hubbard U as a measure of local curvature at the metal center at fixed charge and applying it to the transition-metal complex in a DFT+U framework. We investigate the relationship between the two measures of delocalization error as we manipulate the ligand field strength by varying the number of strong-field ligands in a series of heteroleptic complexes or by geometrically constraining the metal-ligand bond length in homoleptic octahedral complexes. We show that across these sets of complexes with varying ligand fields, an inverse relationship generally exists between global and local curvatures. We find that effects of ligand substitution on both measures of delocalization are typically additive, but the two quantities seldom coincide. The observation of ligand additivity suggests opportunities for evaluating errors on homoleptic complexes to infer corrections for lower-symmetry complexes.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clinical pharmacist interventions in a hospital emergency

Objective: To identify the types of interventions performed by clinical pharmacists in an intensive care unit and in the emergency of a hospital in the interior of Bahia. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a regional reference hospital for 27 cities, from May to August 2019. A form designed for the research was used, considering the interventions registered in the patient’s medical record. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of categorical variables. Results: 814 interventions were performed in 102 patients, with a median of 14 and an interquartile range of 23. Of the most frequent interventions, 36.2% were related to drug interactions, with 99.2% being monitored (p&lt;0.001); 10.8% dosage adjustment in renal failure interventions with 72.7% not accepted (p&lt;0.001); 8.5% for dose interval with 73.9% not accepted (p&lt;0.001) and 6.1% of interventions that involved orientation (nursing guidelines) with 73.9% that were monitored (p&lt;0.001). Of the total interventions, 63.8% took place in the intensive care unit, 52.7% in male patients and 66.7% in people aged ≥ 60 years. Regarding the use of alerts, 53.4% of the interventions that were accepted had alerts (p&lt;0.001). 46.7% were directed to the medical team; 44.9% for more than one professional; 5.8% for nurses; and 2.6% for nursing technicians. The drugs related to the interventions performed were grouped according to the ATC classification, as follows: 20.5% in group J-Antiinfectives for systemic use, 18.8% in group A-Alimentary tract and metabolism; 12.4% of the C-Cardiovascular sistem device group. Conclusion: The number of interventions performed, as well as the population and sectors assisted demonstrate the importance of the clinical pharmacist inserted in the multidisciplinary team in the care of critically ill patients.

Topic: Public Health in Brazil
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Six-months pain relief and funcional recovery after intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid (mw 500-730 kda) in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis

this study shows that i.a. HA injections for TMCJ OA can induce a significant improvement of function associated to stiffness decrease and pain relief.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of the Reversed Homodigital Island Sensate Flap for Reconstruction of Fingertip Injuries

Introduction: The fingertip trauma in children was one of the most common incidents in emergency rooms.Napkin injuries are commonly referred to as subungual hematomas, clear or star lacerations, pulsations and crush wounds.Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to; Evaluate the role of peroneal artery pedicled perforator flap for reconstruction of lower leg and foot soft tissue defects.Patients and Methods: Study design: A Prospective non-randomized clinical study, This has been conducted at Minia university hospital and Minia insurance hospital in the duration from 1st of April 2019 to 31st of October 2019 .It included 20 patients presented with distal phalangeal dorsal and pulp defects.Results: This clinical study includes reconstruction of fingertip injuries.Besides, we have evaluated the functional and aesthetic outcomes of reversed homodigital island sensate flap.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Outage Detection in Partially Observable Distribution Systems Using Smart Meters and Generative Adversarial Networks

In this paper, we present a novel data-driven approach to detect outage events in partially observable distribution systems by capturing the changes in smart meters' (SMs) data distribution. To achieve this, first, a breadth-first search (BFS)-based mechanism is proposed to decompose the network into a set of zones that maximize outage location information in partially observable systems. Then, using SM data in each zone, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is designed to implicitly extract the temporal-spatial behavior in normal conditions in an unsupervised fashion. After training, an anomaly scoring technique is leveraged to determine if real-time measurements indicate an outage event in the zone. Finally, to infer the location of the outage events in a multi-zone network, a zone coordination process is proposed to take into account the interdependencies of intersecting zones. We have provided analytical guarantees of performance for our algorithm using the concept of entropy, which is leveraged to quantify outage location information in multi-zone grids. Furthermore, the proposed method has been tested and verified on distribution feeder models with real SM data.

Topic: Electricity Theft Detection Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and their impact on health-related quality of life, physical function and mental health in Portugal: results from EpiReumaPt– a national health survey

Objectives To estimate the national prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) in the adult Portuguese population and to determine their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical function, anxiety and depression. Methods EpiReumaPt is a national health survey with a three-stage approach. First, 10 661 adult participants were randomly selected. Trained interviewers undertook structured face-to-face questionnaires that included screening for RMDs and assessments of health-related quality of life, physical function, anxiety and depression. Second, positive screenings for ≥1 RMD plus 20% negative screenings were invited to be evaluated by a rheumatologist. Finally, three rheumatologists revised all the information and confirmed the diagnoses according to validated criteria. Estimates were computed as weighted proportions, taking the sampling design into account. Results The disease-specific prevalence rates (and 95% CIs) of RMDs in the adult Portuguese population were: low back pain, 26.4% (23.3% to 29.5%); periarticular disease, 15.8% (13.5% to 18.0%); knee osteoarthritis (OA), 12.4% (11.0% to 13.8%); osteoporosis, 10.2% (9.0% to 11.3%); hand OA, 8.7% (7.5% to 9.9%); hip OA, 2.9% (2.3% to 3.6%); fibromyalgia, 1.7% (1.1% to 2.1%); spondyloarthritis, 1.6% (1.2% to 2.1%); gout, 1.3% (1.0% to 1.6%); rheumatoid arthritis, 0.7% (0.5% to 0.9%); systemic lupus erythaematosus, 0.1% (0.1% to 0.2%) and polymyalgia rheumatica, 0.1% (0.0% to 0.2%). After multivariable adjustment, participants with RMDs had significantly lower EQ5D scores (β=−0.09; p&lt;0.001) and higher HAQ scores (β=0.13; p&lt;0.001) than participants without RMDs. RMDs were also significantly associated with the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR=3.5; p=0.006). Conclusions RMDs are highly prevalent in Portugal and are associated not only with significant physical function and mental health impairment but also with poor HRQoL, leading to more health resource consumption. The EpiReumaPt study emphasises the burden of RMDs in Portugal and the need to increase RMD awareness, being a strong argument to encourage policymakers to increase the amount of resources allocated to the treatment of rheumatic patients.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Usability of stem pricing and fractional stem pricing in roundwood trade : reliability of pre-harvest stand value estimations between alternative pricing methods

Puutavaralajihinnoittelun käyttö puukaupassa luo selkeän ristiriidan ostajan ja myyjän taloudellisten intressien välille, sillä myyjät saavat vain noin neljänneksen puunmyyntituloistaan kuitupuusta, samalla kun sen kysyntä todennäköisesti pysyttelee korkella tai kasvaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan vaihtoehtoisina hinnoittelumenetelminä runko- ja rungonosahinnoittelua, joissa ostajan runkojen katkonta ja puukaupan hinnoittelu on erotettu toisistaan. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on arvioida runko- ja rungonosahinnoittelun käyttökelpoisuutta puukaupassa vertailemalla millaisia eroja puukaupan lopullisiin arvoihin syntyy kun ne on pystykaupan ostotarjouksissa hinnoiteltu samanarvoisiksi ptl-, runko-, ja rungonosahinnoittelulla. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on oletus, että vaihtoehtoiset hinnoittelumenetelmät ovat sitä käyttökelpoisempia mitä lähemmäs ptl-hinnoittelun arvoa päästään, sillä kumpikaan puukaupan osapuolista ei halua hinnoittelumenetelmää vaihtamalla ottaa suurta taloudellista riskiä.&#13;\n&#13;\nVertailu toteutettiin johtamalla Trestima-ennakkotietojen sekä tunnettujen puun pituus- ja runkokäyrämallien avulla arvoiltaan yhtäläiset ptl-hinnoittelu, runkohinnoittelu sekä Luken vuoden 2016 menetelmäehdotukseen perustuva rungonosahinnoittelu 27:lle leimikolle. Saaduilla yksikköhinnoilla johdettiin kaikki kolme hinnoittelua toteutuneisiin leimikoihin, jotka koottiin takaisin pystyyn hakkuukonedatan ja samojen puun pituus- ja runkokäyrämallien avulla.&#13;\n&#13;\nTulosten perusteella runko- ja rungonosahinnoitteluun siirtyminen tuottaa molemmilla menetelmillä keskimäärin yhdestä kolmeen prosenttia korkeampia puuston arvoja kuin ptl-hinnoittelu, mutta runkohinnoittelun arvo vaihteli enemmän, joten sitä voidaan pitää hiukan riskialttiimpana menetelmänä. Kaiken kaikkiaan molemmat vaihtoehtoiset hinnoittelumenetelmät ovat käyttökelpoisia puukaupassa, ja niiden käyttöä tulisi edistää.

Topic: Forest Management and Policy
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Speech Reception Threshold Materials for Taiwan Mandarin

Speech reception threshold (SRT) tools have been developed to assist in the evaluation of hearing. This study was performed to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and equate Taiwan Mandarin trisyllabic words which can be used to measure the SRT. Eighty-nine commonly used trisyllabic words were chosen and digitally recorded by native male and female speakers. The words were then presented to 20 normally hearing subjects at 14 intensity levels (-10 to 16 dB HL) with 2 dB increments. Psychometric function slopes were calculated using logistic regression. Twenty-eight words with steep psychometric function were selected and digitally adjusted to match the mean subject pure-tone average (5.0 dB HL). A list of 28 trisyllabic words which were relatively homogeneous in audibility and slope were developed. The mean slopes for the 28 selected male and female trisyllabic Taiwan Madarin words were 11.3 %/dB (male talker) and 11.7 %/dB (female talker), respectively. Digital recordings of the psychometrically equivalent trisyllabic words are available on compact disc.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences