jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optical beam steering using computer-generated holograms algorithms for a wavelenght selective switch based on LCoS

Three algorithms for driving a Wavelength Selective Switch, which allows a migration from current to elastic networks, are compared. These algorithms based on computer holograms generation were compared on diffraction efficiency, reconstructing error, signal noise ratio (SNR) and computing time. These criteria were used to find the best algorithm to design phase profiles images with better reconstructed image quality. However, computing time was taken into account to propose an algorithm for a possible real time processing implementation. Moreover, according our results and taking Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm as reference, the Fienup's algorithm accomplishes the greatest number of criteria although its computing time was the largest. For a real time processing case, Gerchberg-Saxton had more stable values and it was faster than Fienup's algorithm.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Host-Induced Virus Modification of Murine Hepatitis Virus: Changes in Thermal Stability

Serial tissue culture passage of two cold-sensitive mutants of murine hepatitis virus altered the thermal stability of one mutant. This phenomenon occurred in only one of the continuous cell lines tested and was reversible by multiple passages in a cell line that does not alter thermal stability. The effect was cumulative with passage and was segregated from the cold-sensitive marker.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis after myelography and intrathecal infiltration].

A 76 year old patient is admitted in an intensive care unit with severe acute pneumococcal meningitis. He dies 2 days after admission besides antibiotherapy by ampicillin. Interest of measures for preventing the infections after lumbar puncture is discussed.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antifungal activity of three <i>Piper</i> species against <i>Ceratocystis fimbriata</i> in rubber trees

The research aimed to investigate the effect of leaf extracts of Piper cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum againts of Ceratocystis fimbriata in vitro. Crude methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves showed the highest percentage growth inhibition (GIP; 79.38%) than those of P. cilibracteum (37.52%) and P. curtisii (24.31%). Further examination of the leaf extract of P. aduncum with various solvents, we found that the n-hexane extract had the best performance in inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata (GIP of 73.20%). The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 of this n-hexane extract towards C. fimbriata were reached at a very low concentration at 165 mg/L and 6999 mg/mL, respectively. The n-hexane leaf extract of P. aduncum is a potential candidate for anti-Ceratocystis agent. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra of n-hexane leaves extract of P. aduncum, apiol was identified as a major compound in the extract.HIGHLIGHTS• Leaf extract of P. cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum had antifungal against Ceratocystis fimbriata.• N-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed greater growth inhibition to C. fimbriata.• GC-MS spectra of n-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed apiol as a major compound.• Piper aduncum can be considered as an antifungal resource for protection of rubber crops.

Topic: Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
INF2-mediated actin polymerization at the ER stimulates mitochondrial calcium uptake, inner membrane constriction, and division

Mitochondrial division requires division of both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (IMM and OMM, respectively). Interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes OMM division by recruitment of the dynamin Drp1, but effects on IMM division are not well characterized. We previously showed that actin polymerization through ER-bound inverted formin 2 (INF2) stimulates Drp1 recruitment in mammalian cells. Here, we show that INF2-mediated actin polymerization stimulates a second mitochondrial response independent of Drp1: a rise in mitochondrial matrix calcium through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. ER stores supply the increased mitochondrial calcium, and the role of actin is to increase ER–mitochondria contact. Myosin IIA is also required for this mitochondrial calcium increase. Elevated mitochondrial calcium in turn activates IMM constriction in a Drp1-independent manner. IMM constriction requires electron transport chain activity. IMM division precedes OMM division. These results demonstrate that actin polymerization independently stimulates the dynamics of both membranes during mitochondrial division: IMM through increased matrix calcium, and OMM through Drp1 recruitment.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design: Cultural probes

article Free Access Share on Design: Cultural probes Authors: Bill Gaver Royal College of Art, London, U.K. Royal College of Art, London, U.K.View Profile , Tony Dunne Royal College of Art, London, U.K. Royal College of Art, London, U.K.View Profile , Elena Pacenti Domus Academy, Milan, Italy Domus Academy, Milan, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 6Issue 1Jan./Feb. 1999 pp 21–29https://doi.org/10.1145/291224.291235Published:01 January 1999Publication History 1,328citation38,432DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,328Total Downloads38,432Last 12 Months4,520Last 6 weeks604 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Bloodstream Isolates from Seven Countries: Dominance and Widespread Prevalence of SHV- and CTX-M-Type β-Lactamases

ABSTRACT A huge variety of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have been detected during the last 20 years. The majority of these have been of the TEM or SHV lineage. We have assessed ESBLs occurring among a collection of 455 bloodstream isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae , collected from 12 hospitals in seven countries. Multiple β-lactamases were produced by isolates with phenotypic evidence of ESBL production (mean of 2.7 β-lactamases per isolate; range, 1 to 5). SHV-type ESBLs were the most common ESBL, occurring in 67.1% (49 of 73) of isolates with phenotypic evidence of ESBL production. In contrast, TEM-type ESBLs (TEM-10 type, -12 type, -26 type, and -63 type) were found in just 16.4% (12 of 73) of isolates. The finding of TEM-10 type and TEM-12 type represents the first detection of a TEM-type ESBL in South America. PER (for Pseudomonas extended resistance)-type β-lactamases were detected in five of the nine isolates from Turkey and were found with SHV-2-type and SHV-5-type ESBLs in two of the isolates. CTX-M-type ESBLs ( bla CTX-M-2 type and bla CTX-M-3 type) were found in 23.3% (17 of 73) of isolates and were found in all study countries except for the United States. We also detected CTX-M-type ESBLs in four countries where they have previously not been described—Australia, Belgium, Turkey, and South Africa. The widespread emergence and proliferation of CTX-M-type ESBLs is particularly noteworthy and may have important implications for clinical microbiology laboratories and for physicians treating patients with serious K. pneumoniae infections.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quinazolines. Part IX. Covalent hydration in the neutral species of substituted quinazolines

The ratios of hydrated to anhydrous neutral species of twenty-eight quinazolines are found to be in the range 10–2–10–5. The effects of substituents on this ratio in the neutral species are shown to be comparable to those observed in the respective cations, and suggest that the factors influencing the amount of hydration in these two species are similar. The ionisation constants of the hydrated species of thirty-two quinazolines have been measured and the effects of substituents on these constants are discussed.

Topic: Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Boys and Girls of Summer: The University of New Mexico Archaeological Field School in Chaco Canyon

Field training for archaeological students at the University of New Mexico began in 1929 when Edgar L. Hewett established a camp in Chaco Canyon. For a total of fifteen seasons, it trained students--many of them women--who later made important contributions to anthropology. This study of the politics, personnel, and fieldwork of the Chaco field school discusses its impact on scholarship, its role in preparing professional archaeologists, and its relationships with several New Mexico institutions such as the School of American Research.

Topic: Anthropology: Ethics, History, Culture
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
130 Comparison of invasive with noninvasive diagnostic tests of Helicobacter pylori in children

: Background: The prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori in developing country is higher than that 
in developed country. H. pylori infection one of the common causes of gastritis in adults and 
children and there is no association between this bacterium and lympoproliferative especially malt 
lymphoma. The prevalence rate of this infection in children is influenced by their socio-economic 
status. The aim of our study was to compare the results of invasive tests (endoscopy, gastritis 
mucosal biopsy histology, urease) with non-invasive tests (serology, stool Ag). 
Methods and Materials: During the study 100 one-year-old children with acute stomach pain who 
referred to Tabriz children hospital from north-east of the country were examined by upper 
gastrointestinal endoscopy, urease serology and stool Ag test. 
Results: In histologic examination of sample %60 of the patients were found HP positive that 
urease test with %58 sensitivity and %90 specificity, serology with %55 sensitivity and %87 
specificity , stool antigen with %54.8 sensitivity and %79.4 specificity. 
Conclusions: The results showed serology and stool Ag test low sensitivity and specificity than 
Gold standard histology. But, these tests can be evaluated potentially as an indicator of H.P status 
during diagnosis and treatment and eradication of H. pylori.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Correlation effect of the doped Kondo insulator described on the basis of the periodic Anderson model

We study the periodic Anderson model away from half filling in the framework of self-consistent second-order perturbation theory. The carrier concentration dependence of the density of states spectrum, spin and charge susceptibilities, and magnetization process is systematically investigated. We find that the coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of the linear-in-$T$ specific heat and the spin susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{s}}(T)$ at $T=0$ decrease as the carrier concentration decreases near half filling, while $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{s}}(T=0)$ themselves are strongly enhanced by the Coulomb interaction. In the temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility and the magnetic-field dependence of the magnetization, it is found that the characteristic energy that corresponds to the hybridization gap appearing at half filling is observed even away from half filling, and another characteristic energy appears in the system with finite doping. Although there are apparently two distinguishable energy scales away from half filling, it is shown that they are related by the Fermi liquid parameter and both are nothing but energy scales that characterize quasiparticles constructed in the renormalized hybridization band.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of From combinatorial peptide selection to drug prototype (II): targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase, is central to human tumorigenesis. Typically, three classes of drugs inhibit tyrosine kinase pathways: blocking antibodies, small kinase inhibitors, and soluble ligand receptor traps/decoys. Only the first two types of EGFR-binding inhibitory drugs are clinically available; notably, no EGFR decoy has yet been developed. Here we identify small molecules mimicking EGFR and that functionally behave as soluble decoys for EGF and TGFalpha, ligands that would otherwise activate downstream signaling. After combinatorial library selection on EGFR ligands, a panel of binding peptides was narrowed by structure-function analysis. The most active motif was CVRAC (EGFR 283-287), which is necessary and sufficient for specific EGFR ligand binding. Finally, a synthetic retro-inverted derivative, (D)(CARVC), became our preclinical prototype of choice. This study reveals an EGFR-decoy drug candidate with translational potential. PMID: 20190183

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Authentication of Edible Vegetable Oil and Refined Recycled Cooking Oil Using a Micro-UV Spectrophotometer Based on Chemometrics

We have developed a new method to make a clear distinction between edible oil and refined recycled cooking oil by using a micro-ultraviolet spectrophotometer and analysis of spectra full data combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster discriminant anal- ysis (CDA). This method shows an excellent capability of distinguishing edible oil from refined recycled cooking oil, which is difficult to accomplish by previous methods using physical and chemical properties. Edible oils and refined recycled cooking oils have the different positions on the resulting plot of PCA and CDA. The oil samples are respectively concentrated relatively distribution and dis- tinct from other kinds, with a certain amount of edge intersection between samples. But the edible oil and refined recycled cooking oil samples have a clear divisional interface. By the increase in sampling and the improvement of modeling, the edge intersection or overlap of com- monality between samples can be reduced. Using this method, it is possible to determine qualitatively the identity of unknown samples.

Topic: Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Isolation and identification of potential cellulosebacterial degrader / Nurdina Fatihah Aminuddin

The cellulolytic bacteria can produce cellulase that degrade the cellulose and have the low possibility in causing environmental pollution and can be used in bioconversion technology to produce energy from biomass waste. The aims of this study are to isolate and screen the potential cellulose bacterial degrader. It is also to determine the optimum pH, temperature and incubation period for the growth of bacteria and to characterize the isolated bacteria by using biochemical test. The results of this study showed that 4 bacteria were isolated from soil of hotspring and able to growth on the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar. All the 4 bacteria show positive results which show the clearing zone around the colonies. However, only two of the bacteria which are ST2 and ST3 that shows high cellulase activity. Biochemical test revealed that both bacteria ST2 and ST3 were facultative anaerobic, gram variable and positive for citrate test. The optimum temperature, pH, incubation period for ST2 bacteria were 40°C, pH 10 and 6 days respectively. On the other hand, the optimum temperature, pH, incubation period for ST3 bacteria were 40°C, pH 8 and 6 days respectively. As a conclusion, ST2 and ST3 bacteria can be classified as mesophilic rod bacteria and have potential to degrade the cellulose.

Topic: Biofuel production and bioconversion
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Oxysterol Binding Protein Induces Upregulation of SREBP-1c and Enhances Hepatic Lipogenesis

Background— Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) has previously been implicated as a sterol sensor that regulates sphingomyelin synthesis and the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Methods and Results— We determined the effects of adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression of OSBP and its homologues ORP1L and ORP3 on mouse serum lipids. Whereas ORP1L and ORP3 had no effect on serum lipids, OSBP induced a marked increase of VLDL triglycerides (TG). Also, the liver tissue TG were elevated in the AdOSBP-injected mice, and their TG secretion rate was increased by 70%. The messenger RNAs for enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and their transcriptional regulator, SREBP-1c, as well as the Insig-1 mRNA, were upregulated two-fold in the OSBP-expressing livers. No change occurred in the messages of liver X receptor target genes ABCA1 , ABCG5 , and CYP7A1 , and the Insig-2a mRNA was reduced. The phosphorylation of ERK was decreased in AdOSBP-infected liver and cultured hepatocytes. Importantly, silencing of OSBP in hepatocytes suppressed the induction of SREBP1-c by insulin and resulted in a reduction of TG synthesis. Conclusion— Our results demonstrate that OSBP regulates hepatic TG metabolism and suggest the involvement of OSBP in the insulin signaling pathways that control hepatic lipogenesis.

Topic: Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS, IFN-?? PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND GENE EXPRESSION FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH THE JAK-3 INHIBITOR CP-690,550 IN STABLE RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS.

Yamaura, Kazuhiro; Izawa, Atsushi; Albin, Monica J; Jurewicz, Mollie; Tanaka, Katsunori; Clarkson, Michael R; Ueno, Takuya; Sayegh, Mohamed H; Najafian, Nader Author Information

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic Characterisation of Fungi Producing Aflatoxins B1, Isolated from Wheat Grains in Karbala Governorate

Abstract The widespread spread of fungi is one of the most important problems facing us at the present time because of their widespread spread in nature, causing major economic losses to the food and feed industry and seriously threatening human health due to their toxins passing through the food chain. Aflatoxins are one of the most dangerous mycotoxins produced by fungi and commonly found in grains and animal feed due to their toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on human and animal health. In this study, fungal isolates producing aflatoxins were isolated from grains in Karbala Governorate, Iraq, for the year 2024. The study’s findings demonstrated that various frequencies of fungal contamination were present in each wheat sample. At frequencies of 33.33%, 25.80%, 29.03%, and 11.82%, respectively, the fungus Aspergillus caespitosus , Fusarium equiseti , Alternaria alternate , and Talaromyces tiftonensis were isolated. The ammonia test and thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that all fungal isolates produced aflatoxin B1. They were then identified molecularly using polymerase chain reaction technology, and the nitrogenous base sequence was determined using the ITS4 and ITS5 primers. The sequences of the numerous bases were evaluated using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool software (BLAST), which proved that the isolates belonged to species such as Aspergillus caespitosus, Fusarium equiseti, Alternaria alternate, and Talaromyces tiftonensis . Furthermore, comparing these sequences to the data available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database revealed that the strains of the isolates in this investigation were (93% -100%) identical to global strains The strains under investigation were identified in the GenBank database by the sequence codes PP216644.1 for Aspergillus caespitosus , PP216655.1 for Fusarium equiseti , PP216658.1 for Alternaria alternate , and PP216657.1 for Talaromyces tiftonensis . For every isolate, a genetic tree was constructed.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An Activity Management Algorithm for Improving Energy Efficiency of Small Cell Base Stations in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are proposed in order to meet the increasing demand for next generation cellular wireless networks, but they also increase the energy consumption of the base stations. In this paper, an activity management algorithm for improving the energy efficiency of HetNets is proposed. A smart sleep strategy is employed for the operator deployed pico base stations to enter sleep and active modes. According to that strategy, when the number of users exceeds the turn on threshold, the pico node becomes active and when the number of users drop below the turn off threshold, it goes into sleep mode. Mobile users dynamically enter and leave the cells, triggering the activation and deactivation of pico base stations. The performance of the system is examined for three different cellular network architectures: cell on edge (COE), uniformly distributed cells (UDC) and macro cell only network (MoNet). Two different user distributions are considered: uniform and hotspot. The effects of number of hotspot users and sleep energies of pico nodes on the energy efficiency are also investigated. The proposed activity management algorithm increases the energy efficiency, measured in bits/J, by $20\%$. The average bit rates achieved by HetNet users increase by $29\%$ compared with the MoNet architecture. Thus, the proposed activity control algorithm increases the spectral efficiency of the network while consuming the energy more efficiently.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences