jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003;61(4):1023-1025 HEMOPHILIA AND CHILD ABUSE AS POSSIBLE CAUSES OF EPIDURAL HEMATOMA

ABSTRACT- Introduction: Head trauma is an important consequence of child abuse. Specific pathophysiological mechanisms in child abuse are responsible for the “whiplash shaken-baby syndrome”, which would favour the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhages. Case report: We report the case of a child who developed epidural hematoma following minor-intensity head trauma. Initial diagnosis of child abuse was made, but subsequent investigation led to the diagnosis of hemophilia A. Conclusion: Even though epidural hematoma is not closely

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding how Izzat impacts the lived experience of Young Muslim Pakistan Women in the UK: A Phenomenological Approach

Literature has documented how cultural practices, (in particular izzat), impact the day-to-day lived experiences of South Asian women. It is evident that such beliefs and value-systems can affect the psychological well-being and experiences of distress of these individuals. This study intended to explore how six young second generation Pakistani Muslim women understand izzat, what role if any, it has in their lives and whether there is an interplay between upholding the cultural codes and the participants' help-seeking strategies for psychological distress. A qualitative research method was adopted whereby semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. The data was collected and analysed through the use of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analytic framework. Analysis of the interview transcripts identified three main themes: - 1) Upholding the Rules of Izzat, 2) Speaking Out/Getting Help and 3) Negotiating Tensions. In conclusion, the study findings highlighted the various ways in which izzat was interpreted by the participants and the implications these cultural codes have for strategies in managing or the silencing of psychological distress. Interviews with the study participants also illustrate the dilemmas and tensions that the participants experience when considering codes of izzat (personal and familial) and how these are negotiated to enable young Pakistani women to self-manage or seek help when experiencing psychological distress. The analysis also highlights possible life experiences that might lead to self-harm and attempted suicide in young Pakistani Muslim women. It was noted that cultural practices of izzat appear to vary over time 8 as individuals are exposed to alternative cultural practices or coping strategies, yet can also be mediated by and individual’s country of birth or residence. The findings were found to support and advance existing research, which suggests that codes of izzat mediate the resources and help-seeking strategies Pakistani Muslim women utilise to maintain and manage their psychological well-being. Suggestions for further research and implications for practice are discussed.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Micronucleus assay for predicting side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer

Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment for cervical cancer. The quality of life of patients undergoing RT may be compromised during and following treatment by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, erythema and fistula. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays may be useful for predicting adverse effects of RT for cancer. The CBMN test is easy to perform and is reproducible for screening subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. We investigated the use of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) from peripheral blood samples, irradiated in vitro, as a possible biomarker to predict the side effects of RT in patients with cervical cancer. We used 10 patients with cervical cancer receiving RT and chemotherapy. We found a strong relation between the frequency of MN and the appearance of acute side effects of RT for cervical cancer. We suggest that the methodology presented here may be useful for predicting side effects of RT for patients affected by cervical cancer and who have undergone chemotherapy.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Angelica’s Book and the World of Reading in Late Renaissance Italy

tedious and hard to navigate (not to mention the 150+ pages of scholarly apparatus).As to the translation itself, it is smooth-reading and faithful to the original, though the decision to cite the travel journal and La Boétie's Servitude volontaire in outdated English versions-Waters 1903 instead of Frame 1958, Kurz 1942 instead of Schaefer 1998 or Atkinson 2011-seems inexplicably idiosyncratic.

Topic: Renaissance and Early Modern Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transplantation into Jirds as a Method of Assessing the Viability and Reproductive Integrity of Adult Acanthocheilonema viteae from Culture

The reproductive integrity and viability of adult female Acanthocheilonema viteae (syn. Dipetalonema viteae) maintained in culture for relatively long periods were assessed by transplantation into jirds. Worms cultured in chemically defined NI medium for approximately 3-4 wk remained active, but microfilarial release declined to barely detectable levels. Microfilarial production, however, was restored when the worms were transplanted subcutaneously into jirds. When cultured in NI medium beyond 4 wk no restoration of microfilarial production occurred on transplantation, presumably due to irreversible injury to the reproductive system. However, when NI medium was supplemented with fetal bovine serum resumption of microfilarial production occurred in transplanted females that had been in culture for as long as 2 1/2 mo. The addition of serum to NI medium played an important role in maintaining and protecting the functional integrity of the reproductive system.

Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) of differentially expressed genes (P value &lt; 0.05; FDR &lt; 0.10) on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways database.

&lt;p&gt;Flux represents the direction of each category and the corresponding subcategory (green color = inhibition, yellow color = stable, red color = activation with different color intensities according with the level of up-regulation or down-regulation). Blue bars denote the impact of each category and the corresponding subcategories.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2–Mediated Upregulation of N-Cadherin Confers Anoikis Resistance on Esophageal Carcinoma Cells

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Previously, we reported that high PKCK2 activity could protect cancer cells from death receptor–mediated apoptosis through phosphorylation of procaspase-2. Because anoikis is another form of apoptosis, we asked whether PKCK2 could similarly confer resistance to anoikis on cancer cells. Human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines with high PKCK2 activity (HCE4 and HCE7) were anoikis-resistant, whereas cell lines with low PKCK2 activity (TE2 and TE3) were anoikis-sensitive. Because the cells showed different sensitivity to anoikis, we compared the expression of cell adhesion molecules between anoikis-sensitive TE2 and anoikis-resistant HCE4 cells using cDNA microarray. We found that E-cadherin is expressed only in TE2 cells; whereas N-cadherin is expressed instead of E-cadherin in HCE4 cells. To examine whether PKCK2 activity could determine the type of cadherin expressed, we first increased intracellular PKCK2 activity in TE2 cells by overexpressing the PKCK2α catalytic subunit using lentivirus and found that high PKCK2 activity could switch cadherin expression from type E to N and confer anoikis resistance. Conversely, a decrease in PKCK2 activity in HCE4 cells by knockdown of PKCK2α catalytic subunit using shRNA induced N- to E-cadherin switching and the anoikis-resistant cells became sensitive. In addition, N-cadherin expression correlated with PKB/Akt activation and increased invasiveness. We conclude that high intracellular PKCK2 activity confers anoikis resistance on esophageal cancer cells by inducing E- to N-cadherin switching. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1032–8. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Enhanced Dementia Severity Discrimination through Deep Learning Assisted Methodology

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It gradually progresses from mild -severe, limiting one's capacity to do any task without help. It begins to outpace owing to population ageing and the diagnostic schedule. It has a significant negative impact on affected individuals and their quality of life. An early diagnosis can help them manage their healthcare demands much more effectively. In the past few years, there has been an increased focus on the development of automated approaches for the identification of different illnesses, leveraging advances in artificial intelligence. This study focuses on Alzheimer’s disease detection, which combines U-Net for segmentation and CNNs for classification, has the potential to significantly advance Alzheimer's disease diagnostics. ADNI dataset is used in this study and the model achieves an accuracy rate of 93% after the process of pre-processing and segmentation.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Determination of biochemical baseline of resistance against bacterial leaf spot of chilli after application of plant defense activators

Present study was designed to determine the progressive alterations in the leaves of chilli after the application of plant activators to pave the way towards fruitful management of bacterial leaf spots of chilli. Different plant defense activators such as KH2PO4, K2HPO4 and salicylic acid were used and alterations in the biochemicals of chilli were quantified by following standard protocols. In the first experiment, KH2PO4, K2HPO4 and salicylic acid were evaluated at a different concentration under field conditions. Application of salicylic acid expressed less disease incidence (21.111), followed by K2HPO4 (25.167) and KH2PO4 (28.889) as compared to the control. Alterations in biomolecules (SOD, POD, CAT, H2O2, TSS and TSP) were quantified with the application of salicylic acid (0.9285, 0.9297, 0.9347, 1.2278, 0.6663, 0.6804 and 0.6723) followed by K2HPO4 (0.6502, 0.6605, 0.6544, 0.7689, 0.5122, 0.5322 and 0.5222) and KH2PO4 (0.4729, 0.4713, 0.4778, 0.4522, 0.3544, 0.3744 and 0.3644) µg/g. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for the field experiments.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Importance of Ventricular Tachycardia Induction and Mapping for Patients Referred for Epicardial Ablation

An initial approach of PES and entrainment mapping under conscious sedation is critically important for patients with NICMP referred for epicardial ablation. Empiric ablation of endocardial/epicardial scar would have missed the clinical VT in 20% of patients.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Body-name – The Brotherhood Chronotope and Social Choreography

In this research paper I argue that cultural memory is to a considerable extent produced, sustained and reinforced through the performative strategies of staging media events and ritualized collective body-space and body-time relations. Media events and rituals are memory sites that produce imagined social connections and form a celebratory community experience. The annual performances of celebrating President Tito’s birthday on the ground of the JNA Stadium (Yugoslav National Army) in Belgrade was a cyclic renewal of forever youthful nation, based on Titoist concepts of “brotherhood” and “unity”. Annually, on 25thof May, in the vocally reverberating space of the Stadium, the event of Slet served as the closure and climax of the Relay of Youth with a birthday pledge to Josip Broz Tito from all people of Yugoslavia. The “son” of all Yugoslavian nations was placed high on the central seat in the auditorium space, that enabled him to watch his politically charged and semantically blurred nickname (Tito) being inscribed on the ground of the stadium by the bodies of his subjects, thus creating a mythical body-name of the sovereign. Bodies of nations and nationalities (“narodi i narodnosti”) were arranged in images of sun, heart, flower and finally in letters of the President’s name. Writing Tito’s name by bodies is in itself a writing of nations, all embedded in Slet chronotope and embodied in the memory of the recursive ritual of celebrating The Day of Youth. Somatic topographies of nations and nationalities were manifested under a watchful eye of the Marshal, as a lascivious jouissance in observing the festive young bodies writing “Tito” for Tito himself. Slets were held long after Tito’s death, and took place until 1987, in an uncanny nostalgic form of collective Yugoslav identities in the dawn of emerging ethnic conflict. The Slet memory narrative is framed in haunting chronotope of spectral echoed temporality, and of the phantom space of the sovereign’s signature.

Topic: Balkans: History, Politics, Society
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CHANGES IN CLIENT FUNCTIONING DURING TREATMENT AT A SECONDARY STAGE ADDICTION FACILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF CASE RECORDS

Recent findings indicate that South Africa and, in particular, the Western Cape has some of the highest prevalence of substance use disorders and substance related problems in the world. Further, in the past decade, the prevalence of poly-substance use in South Africa has grown considerably. The high prevalence of substance use disorders and related problems in the Western Cape relative to an already significant national problem highlights the importance of local research on the effective treatment of substance use disorders. While there are outcome studies supporting the effectiveness of various addiction treatment models, and much is known about the various stages of intervention at addiction treatment facilities, little is known about the processes and mechanisms of addiction treatment and recovery. Various authors have proposed that researching patient progress through treatment is essential to growing our knowledge, improving treatments and generalising them to other settings. This study aimed to investigate client case files at a secondary stage addiction treatment facility in Cape Town to explore whether there were any discernible patterns in clients' functioning across different stages of treatment. The research took the form of a case study that used thematic analysis to discern patterns in qualitative data regarding reported observations of client's behaviours, cognitions, affects and physical states at different stages of addiction treatment. Comparisons were also made between the observations of clients with Axis II personality traits and those without Axis II personality traits, and between clients recovering from stimulant addiction and those recovering from non-stimulant addiction. The participants comprised a sample of 33 clients of a secondary stage addiction treatment facility in Cape Town, South Africa. Analysis yielded a number of possible patterns in the distribution of themes across time-points, some of which resonated with previous research, particularly regarding second order change, but also regarding Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome and 'The Wall'. The comparative analysis indicated that there might be both similarities and differences between subgroups of clients that may shed light on the use of matching hypotheses in the context of addiction treatment.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Caffeinated Beverages—Unveiling Their Impact on Human Health

Caffeine is among the most commonly used and consumed stimulants worldwide. It is a naturally occurring stimulant mainly found in coffee and tea. It is also present in sweetened beverages, which are very popular among young people. Recently, the consumption of energy drinks has been increasing, which are other examples of drinks containing caffeine. Is caffeine beneficial or harmful to human health? Due to its antioxidative properties, it has become attractive for many scientific studies. Caffeine consumption can have both positive and negative effects on the human body; it affects the activity of the digestive and respiratory systems, the function of the urinary tract, and the function of the central nervous system. Caffeine is a psychostimulant. It increases brain activity and alertness, reducing the perception of fatigue. Many people consume beverages containing caffeine to experience these effects, which can help them stay awake and focused. However, high consumption may not be beneficial to health; it is also associated with increased headaches and insomnia. The effects of caffeine on the body depend on its dosage, the type of drink consumed, and individual variability. It is also essential to know its effect on the body during pregnancy. This review discusses the latest knowledge about caffeine’s positive and negative impacts on the human body, as nowadays, more and more people, especially younger people, reach for energy drinks.

Topic: Coffee research and impacts
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lessons from Paraguay’s 14,000 MW Itaipu Project vis-à-vis Nepal’s 6,720 MW Pancheshwar Project

If due diligence is not undertaken on the ambiguities prevailing in the Mahakali Treaty and Letters of Exchange of 1996, then Nepal may well end up in a ‘no option trap’ like Paraguay on her 14,000 MW Itaipu, a bi-national hydropower project with Brazil. Twenty-five years after the commissioning of Itaipu, Paraguay is still battling with Brazil on such elementary but vital issues like fair energy price, third party access, parity in project management, etc. Nepal could and should learn lessons from Paraguay’s Itaipu experiences. While Itaipu is primarily a hydropower project, Pancheshwar encompasses wider multipurpose applications. This article, however, limits itself only to the hydropower component of the two projects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7098 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 20-23

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficacy and Tolerability of Lacosamide in Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most difficult to treat childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies. There is growing evidence that lacosamide is safe and efficacious in patients and adults with refractory epilepsy. However, the evidence regarding the efficacy of lacosamide in LGS is controversial so far. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lacosamide in patients with LGS. Methods We conducted a systematic review on MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, collating all available literature till July 31, 2020. The qualitative review included case reports, case series, and both controlled/uncontrolled trials as well as retrospective studies, but for determining pooled estimates, we only included studies with a sample size of 5 or more. The primary outcome was the efficacy of lacosamide in patients with LGS. Clinical variables related to efficacy and adverse events attributed to lacosamide were extracted from each publication. The pooled estimate of variables related to these parameters was performed using a random-effect model. Results Of the 68 items identified by the search, 14 were reviewed as full-text. Eleven articles including two prospective and six retrospective studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and described outcomes in 81 patients (42 adults, 39 children, 60% male, range—1.4–61 years). On average, 35.2%, 27.9%, 7.3%, and 29.4% patients had &gt; 50% reduction, &lt; 50% reduction, no change, and worsening of seizure frequency, respectively. Although 36% of patients had adverse events like somnolence, behavioral abnormalities including irritability, aggressiveness, nausea, tremor, memory problems, dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, and weight loss, no serious adverse events were noted. Conclusion The evidence available in the current literature is not sufficient to support or refute the use of lacosamide in patients with LGS. Although it is one of the possible therapeutic options worth exploring in patients with LGS, caution is still necessary, as there are reports of worsening of seizure frequency in some patients.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The non-clonality of drug resistance in Beijing-genotype isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Western Cape of South Africa

Abstract Background The Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis is a virulent strain that is disseminating worldwide and has a strong association with drug resistance. In the Western Cape of South Africa, epidemiological studies have identified the R220 cluster of the Beijing genotype as a major contributor to a recent outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Although the outbreak is considered to be due to clonal transmission, the relationship among drug resistant isolates has not yet been established. Results To better understand the evolution of drug resistance among these strains, 14 drug-resistant clinical isolates of the Beijing genotype were sequenced by whole-genome sequencing, including eight from R220 and six from a more ancestral Beijing cluster, R86, for comparison. While each cluster shares a distinct resistance mutation for isoniazid, mapping of other drug-resistance mutations onto a phylogenetic tree constructed from single nucleotide polymorphisms shows that resistance mutations to many drugs have arisen multiple times independently within each cluster of isolates. Thus, drug resistance among these isolates appears to be acquired, not clonally derived. This observation suggests that, although the Beijing genotype as a whole might have selective advantages enabling its rapid dissemination, the XDR isolates are relatively less fit and do not propagate well. Although it has been hypothesized that the increased frequency of drug resistance in some Beijing lineages might be caused by a mutator phenotype, no significant shift in synonymous substitution patterns is observed in the genomes. Conclusion While MDR-TB is spreading by transmission in the Western Cape, our data suggests that further drug resistance (i.e. XDR-TB) at this stage is acquired.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences