jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of eco-color-power Doppler ultrasonography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for interpretation and quantification of joint synovitis: a review.

With the introduction of new biologics such as anti-TNF-alpha antibodies and other therapies in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, capable of halting joint destruction and functional disability, there are new pressures on diagnostic and prognostic imaging. Early demonstration of pre-erosive inflammatory features and monitoring of the long-term effects of treatment are becoming increasingly important. Early detection of synovitis offers advantages in terms of allowing early instigation of therapy and may allow the identification of those patients displaying more aggressive disease who might benefit from early intervention with expensive DMARD therapy. Advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have focussed on the demonstration and quantification of synovitis and allow early diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Synovitis represents a potential surrogate measure of disease activity that can be monitored using either MRI or US; the techniques have, generally, focused on monitoring synovial volume or quality as assessed by its vascularity. However to achieve these goals, standardisation and validation of US and MRI are required to ensure accurate diagnosis, reproducibility and reliability. Each modality has different strengths and weaknesses and levels of validation. This article aims to increase the awareness of radiologists and rheumatologists about this field and to encourage them to participate and contribute to the ongoing development of these modalities. Without this collaboration, it is unlikely that these modalities will reach their full potential in the field of rheumatological imaging. This review is in two parts. The first part addresses the role of US and colour or power Doppler sonography (PDUS) in the detection and monitoring of synovitis in inflammatory arthropathies. The second part will look at advanced MR imaging and Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI techniques and in particular how they are applied to the monitoring of the disease process.

Topic: Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
qdgc Lebanon

QDGC tables delivered in geopackage file<br> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br> QDGC represents a way of making (almost) equal area squares covering a specific area to represent specific qualities of the area covered. The squares themselves are based on the degree squares covering earth. Around the equator we have 360 longitudinal lines , and from the north to the south pole we have 180 latitudinal lines. Together this gives us 64800 segments or tiles covering earth.<br> <br> <br> Within each geopackage file you will find a number of tables with these names:<br> <br> <br> -tbl_qdgc_01<br> -tbl_qdgc_02<br> -tbl_qdgc_03<br> -tbl_qdgc_04<br> -tbl_qdgc_05<br> -etc<br> <br> <br> The attributes for each table are:<br> <br> <br> qdgc Unique Quarter Degree Grid Cell reference string<br> area_reference Country<br> level_qdgc QDGC level<br> cellsize degrees decimal degree for the longitudal and latitudal length of the cell<br> lon_center Longitude center of the cell<br> lat_center Latitudal center of the cell<br> area_km2 Calculated area for the cell<br> geom Geometry<br> <br> <br> Metadata<br> --------<br> Geodata GCS_WGS_1984<br> Datum: D_WGS_1984<br> Prime Meridian: 0<br> <br> <br> Areas are calculated with different versions of Albers Equal Area Conic using the PostGIS function st_area. For the African continent I have used Africa Albers Equal Area Conic which will look like this:<br> - st_area(st_transform(geom, 102022))/1000000)<br> <br> <br> Licensing<br> ---------<br> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International<br> <br> <br> Conditions<br> ----------<br> Delivered to the user as-is. No guarantees. If you find errors, please tell me and I will try to fix it.<br> <br> <br> Thankyou<br> --------<br> The work has over the years been supported and receicved advice and moral support from many organisations and stakeholders. Here are some of them:<br> - Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute<br> - Dept of Biology, NTNU, Norway<br> - Norwegian Environment Agency<br> - Eivin Røskaft, Steven Prager, Howard Frederick, Julian Blanc, Honori Maliti, Paul Ramsey<br> <br> <br> References<br> ----------<br> * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDGC<br> * http://www.mindland.com/wp/projects/quarter-degree-grid-cells/about-qdgc/<br> * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_azimuthal_equal-area_projection<br> * http://www.safe.com<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Ragnvald Larsen<br> Trondheim 20th of January, 2021<br> <br> <br> ragnvald@mindland.com<br> www.mindland.com

Topic: Middle East Politics and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Grinnell on the Birds of Death Valley Observations upon the Bird Life of Death Valley Joseph Grinnell

McAtee has been enabled to use the illustrations which were made for that work by Edwin Sheppard makes his publication all the more like a second edition of Trumbull.But for the families covered Mr. McAtee has treated nearly three times as many species, and lists more than twice

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial and Temporal Habitat Use by GPS Collared Male Cheetahs in Modified Bushland Habitat

Cheetahs and other apex predators are threatened by human-wildlife conflict and habitat degradation. Bush encroachment creates one of the biggest forms of habitat change, thus it is important to understand the impact this has on habitat use. We investigated habitat preferences of five male cheetahs in Namibian farmlands degraded by bush encroachment. Cheetahs were tracked using satellite based Global System for Mobile (GSM) collars providing a higher resolution on ranging behavior. We aimed to investigate: 1) habitat characteristics; 2) evidence for habitat selection; 3) temporal activity partitioning; and 4) whether revisits to locations were related to habitat type. There were differences in habitat characteristics, showing that cheetahs were able to utilise different habitats. Fecal pellet counts revealed that warthog, oryx, scrub hare and kudu were most abundant. The cheetahs spent more time in high visibility shrubland, suggesting they selected rewarding patches within predominantly bush-encroached landscapes. The usage in marginal habitat was strikingly influenced by habitat type, with both previously cleared and open vegetated areas showing high proportions in edge use. Individuals exhibited significant temporal activity partitioning, showing peaks between late afternoon and early morning hours. This finding could be key to managing human-wildlife conflict by showing that increased protection such as the use of herders and livestock guarding dogs should be used as mitigation methods to minimize the impact of cheetah specific temporal patterns at all times as defined in this research. Visits to the same locations were not correlated to habitat type; revisits may be dictated by other reasons such as social interaction, prey density or avoidance of other predators. Findings from this study will help build existing knowledge on the effects bush encroachment has on cheetah habitat preference.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High efficiency process on the salted eggs preparation through the parameters optimization by using taguchi method

This article presents experimental data on the salting process of salted eggs, which is one of the methods commonly used to increase the shelf life and taste of eggs. To achieve the highest desired salt content, this research uses Taguchi's experimental method to optimize temperature, pressure, and sanding parameters in the salting process. Experiments were conducted with various temperatures, pressures, and different types of sandpaper to identify the most effective combination of parameters. Experimental results show that the optimal conditions to achieve the highest salt content are at a temperature of 30°C, a pressure of 10 psi, and sandpaper with a size of 1200 grit. Under these conditions, the average salt content obtained is approximately 4.06%. This research makes an important contribution to developing a more efficient salting process for salted eggs and produces a higher quality product. By using Taguchi's experimental method, key parameters were identified and optimized, allowing producers to increase the production of salted eggs with a more consistent and higher salt content according to market needs.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Halodule pinifolia: Short, F.T., Williams, S.L., Carruthers, T.J.R., Waycott, M., Kendrick, G.A., Fourqurean, J.W., Callabine, A., Kenworthy, W.J. &amp; Dennison, W.C.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The GTPase Arf1 Is a Determinant of Yeast Vps13 Localization to the Golgi Apparatus

VPS13 proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Mutations in the four human genes (VPS13A-D) encoding VPS13A-D proteins are linked to developmental or neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between the specific localization of individual VPS13 proteins, their molecular functions, and the pathology of these diseases is unknown. Here we used a yeast model to establish the determinants of Vps13′s interaction with the membranes of Golgi apparatus. We analyzed the different phenotypes of the arf1-3 arf2Δ vps13∆ strain, with reduced activity of the Arf1 GTPase, the master regulator of Golgi function and entirely devoid of Vps13. Our analysis led us to propose that Vps13 and Arf1 proteins cooperate at the Golgi apparatus. We showed that Vps13 binds to the Arf1 GTPase through its C-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain. This domain also interacts with phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as it was bound to liposomes enriched with this lipid. The homologous domain of VPS13A exhibited the same behavior. Furthermore, a fusion of the PH-like domain of Vps13 to green fluorescent protein was localized to Golgi structures in an Arf1-dependent manner. These results suggest that the PH-like domains and Arf1 are determinants of the localization of VPS13 proteins to the Golgi apparatus in yeast and humans.

Topic: Cellular transport and secretion
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of telecommunications regulatory practice in the Kingdom of Bahrain: development and challenges

This study has investigated the evaluation of Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) practice in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Having realised the importance of telecommunication, Bahrain has become one of the leading information and communication technologies (ICT) economies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region and is ranked among the top 30 in the world. Such a ranking has encouraged the researchers to take Bahrain's TRA as the focus of this study. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and identify the factors that have influenced the TRA framework in the Kingdom and to investigate the development and challenges of TRA in Bahrain and how to lead to the best performance in the market place. The study also investigated the role of certain factors in telecommunication regulation. Interviews and surveys with the TRA and major operators in Bahrain were conducted. The findings show that licensing, interconnection, price regulation, competition policy and universality access are key factors influencing the telecommunication regulatory framework in Bahrain.

Topic: ICT Impact and Policies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
How I found out I had a bipolar disorder: A reflexive-collaborative exploration of the process of identifying that one is struggling with a severe mental health problem

Research indicates that it may take up to 10 years between onset of symptoms of bipolar disorder and receiving correct diagnosis and treatment. What is this period like? How do individuals experience the process of discovering that they have a bipolar disorder? In this study we utilized a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach developed within a reflexive-collaborative framework to explore these questions. In-depth interviews with 13 participants who reported both bipolar I and bipolar II diagnoses were conducted. We analyzed our data in collaboration with a group of 12 coresearchers who have experiences of mood disorders, and through reflexive dialogue with this group we validated and expanded our results. We describe three phases through which participants manoeuvred from (a) “uncertainty and confusion” through (b) “grasping the novel and unusual experiential states” to (c) “giving meaning to the lived experiences of intense ups and downs.” These results are discussed in relation to theory, research and practice.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Modified LogMAR Chart: Can We Make It Real?

Introduction: Visual acuity is one of the visual function assessments performed in a routine eye examination to generally examine how well a patient see. From visual acuity finding (and other assessments), an examiner can diagnose and/or observe the progression of any visual abnormalities in monitoring the treatment plan e.g. for vision therapy in amblyopia cases.Objectives/Research Problem: In clinical setting, Snellen and LogMAR charts are frequently used to assess visual acuity. However, previous studies reported that Snellen and LogMAR charts bear some weaknesses to be used in children and special needs population. Snellen chart showed poor reliability and repeatability in visual acuity measurement due to inconsistency in the letter size progression, number of letters per line and letter separations between the lines. This study aims to establish a new modified LogMAR chart to overcome the some weaknesses posed in Snellen and LogMAR charts, so as to potentially produce better results in clinical setting and screening purposes, yet easy to be used in children and special needs population.Materials and Method: The modified LogMAR chart was designed and created in Power Point slides and being presented on a laptop. The letter sizes were calculated precisely at 3m viewing distance with acuity ranged of 0 logMAR (6/6) to 1.0 logMAR (6/60). Each slide presentation consisted of 3 letters, each of which was separated by half letter width (Snellen chart: inconsistent separations between the letter; LogMAR chart: one letter width separation between the letter). A total of 20 subjects participated in this study and their visual acuities were measured with modified LogMAR chart, Snellen chart and standard LogMAR chart, and the results were compared.Results and Discussion: It would be expected that the visual acuity measurement using modified LogMAR chart could produce reliable results and sensitive enough to detect visual abnormalities e.g amblyopia during eye screening. Detail findings of the study would be presented during the KAHS research week.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Punched‐out erosions with scalloped borders: Group A Streptococcal pustulosis

Abstract We present a case of an infant with severe atopic dermatitis infected with Streptococcus pyogenes who presented with pustules, honey‐colored crusts, and punched‐out erosions with scalloped borders mimicking eczema herpeticum or eczema coxsackium. We draw attention to this case to highlight the similar clinical appearance between bacterial and viral infections in the setting of atopic dermatitis and the importance of a broad workup and coverage while awaiting results.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advanced reliability methods

This paper proposes three new advanced techniques for engineering reliability analysis. These are computational tools that interface with the physical behavior model of the system and use the statistical information about the primitive random variables to estimate the reliability. Three types of strategies have been used for such computation: analytical methods, response surface methods, and Monte Carlo simulation. All three strategies are improved for efficiency and accuracy with the proposed techniques. In the case of analytical methods, a multiple linear approximation of the limit state is proposed for the reliability estimation of highly nonlinear problems. For problems with large computational models, response surface approximation may be expensive. An alternative approach based on the kriging technique is proposed to overcome this hurdle. Similarly, the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation is greatly improved by the use of an adaptive importance sampling technique.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electromagnetic dynamics of magnetized accretion disks with strong collisional coupling of neutrals with ions and dust grains

The electromagnetic dynamics of multicomponent collisional magnetized accretion disks is considered. The sufficiently ionized regions of the disk are explored where there is the strong collisional coupling of neutrals with ions and dust grains simultaneously. The stationary state is investigated in detail and the azimuthal and radial velocities of species are found. It is obtained that due to collisions, neutrals, dust grains, and electrons drift inward and ions drift outward. The general solutions for the perturbed velocities of species with collisional and thermal effects are derived. The effect of perturbation of collisional frequencies due to the density perturbations of charged species and neutrals is taken into account. It is shown that the dust grains can be involved in the fast electromagnetic perturbations induced by ions and electrons via the strong collisions with neutrals having the strong collisional coupling with ions. The dispersion relations for axisymmetric perturbations are derived and unstable solutions due to different background velocities of species are found. The growth rates of the considered streaming instabilities can be much larger than the Keplerian frequency.

Topic: Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ownership structure and stock liquidity: Some evidence from the Jordanian capital market

It is common knowledge that the microstructure of securities markets has generated a large number of research papers. This effort is not really surprising if one understands that market liquidity is important because of its implications for firms’ investment and financing decisions and the development of financial markets. This paper examines the issue of stock liquidity in the Jordanian capital market. Specifically, we provide of measure of liquidity cost and relate it to firm specific characteristics including the ownership structure of stocks. Based on the daily trading data for a total of 131 listed companies during 2005, the results indicate that liquidity cost in the Jordanian market is high. In addition, the results indicate that while risk is the main determinant factor of spread, higher ownership dispersion does not improve market liquidity.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of varying stimulus and response modalities on the short-term memory of children

Northfield, Jeanne S., M.A., August, 1977 Communication Sciences and Disorders The Effects of Varying Stimulus and Response Modalities on the Short-term Memory of Children (9-3 pp.) Director: Evan P. Jordan J The effects of various presentation and response modes on short-term memory was studied in a population of 59secondgraders, half females and half males. The subjects were divided into three groups, the children in each group re­ ceiving 3 tests of short-term memory Span. Mode of material presentation (auditory, visual, or auditory-visual) remained the same for each group, but the mode of response (oral, gestural, or oral-gestural) was changed for each of the three tests. The effect of test order was evaluated. The subjects were told single words and/or shown corresponding pictures; the stimuli were withdrawn and the children were asked to recall the words and/or find the pictures that they had seen from those now arranged in a larger set of pictures. A three-factor analysis of variance design was used to evaluate the three main effects and four interactions, and Scheffe contrasts were used to make paired comparisons. The children scored significantly higher when the auditory mode of presentation was used than when the visual or audi­ tory-visual modes were used. Response modality and order did not effect significant differences in the short-term memory scores. The response modes were more effective when combined with the auditory presentation mode than with the visual, and the gestural response mode was significantly better when com­ bined with the auditory presentation mode than with the audi­ tory-visual. Results may have been due to forced verbal labeling differences in test methods, or favored sensory-motor channels”■

Topic: Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
New Labour, Welfare, and Distribution

Abstract Analyses the impact of changes in tax and social security policy since the New Labour government came into office in the UK in May 1997. Looks at the challenges the Blair government faced in 1997 and at what has been new about ‘New’ Labour policies since then. Outlines the key features of these policies, looking in turn at those connected with labour markets, incomes, social exclusion, and public spending. Examines what we know so far about the outcomes of these policies in terms of recent trends in poverty, inequality, and social exclusion, and at what modelling evidence suggests their impact will be, particularly on rates of poverty.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Switching from oral extended-release methylphenidate to the methylphenidate transdermal system: continued attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom control and tolerability after abrupt conversion

Abrupt conversion from a stable dose of oral ER-MPH to MTS was accomplished using a predefined dose-transition schedule without loss of symptom control; however, careful titration to optimal dose is recommended. Most AEs were mild to moderate and, with the exception of application site reactions, were similar to AEs typically observed with oral MPH. Limitations of this study included its open-label sequential design without placebo, which could result in spurious attribution of improvement to the study treatment and precluded superiority determinations of MTS over baseline ER-MPH treatment. The apparent superiority of MTS was likely due to more careful titration and clinical monitoring rather than the product itself. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00151983.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences