jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic benefits of membrane chromatography versus packed bed column purification of therapeutic proteins expressed in microbial and mammalian hosts

Abstract BACKGROUND Membrane chromatography has been accepted as the polishing step in several commercial processes for production of monoclonal antibody therapeutics over the past decade. This study aims to compare the performance of the traditional column chromatography with membrane chromatography for the two major classes of biotherapeutics, a therapeutic protein expressed in a microbial host and a monoclonal antibody product expressed in mammalian cells. RESULTS It is observed that membrane chromatography underperforms in applications that require high resolution separation. However, membrane chromatography offers several key advantages for applications that do not require high resolution separation, such as flow through process steps. These advantages include not only the ease of use but also a significantly lower cost (consumables and operating time). Cost advantage is also seen for cases when short manufacturing campaigns (less than 10 lots) are required and the resin will be discarded at the end of the campaign. CONCLUSIONS This is a first‐of‐a‐kind study with respect to examining applicability of membrane chromatography for purification of a microbial and a mammalian product and also consideration of the process economics. The study demonstrates that membrane chromatography offers significant advantages in certain applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Protein purification and stability
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 422: Relationship Between N-Telopeptide-Mediated Bone Mineral Resorption and Peripheral Arterial Disease

Background: Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have a higher incidence of hip bone loss and non-spinal fractures independent of their cardiovascular risk or degree of claudication. The mechanisms explaining this excess risk of osteoporosis are poorly understood. N-telopeptide (NTX) is an amino-terminal cross-linked type I collagen peptide that is released during fibrillogenesis, reflecting both the derivative products of bone collagen and bone resorption. When elevated, it serves as an early marker for osteoporosis and predictor of therapeutic response. We hypothesized that patients with PAD have reduced bone mineral content and that PAD is associated with biomarkers of accelerated bone mineral resorption. Methods: We analyzed data from 4354 participants ages 40 years or older with measured ankle-brachial indexes (ABI) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002, defining PAD as an ABI &lt; 0.9 in either leg. N-telopeptides were measured in the urine. Total bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The overall prevalence of PAD was 4.4 % (S.E, 0.3). The geometric mean of NTX was 248.3 nmol (S.E, 7.0). NTX decreased with age. Women, non-Hispanic blacks and obese individuals had significantly higher NTX levels, whereas diabetics had reduced NTX levels. Current smokers, chronic kidney disease and PAD patients tended to have higher levels as well. In an age, gender, and race adjusted multivariate analysis, one standard deviation increase in NTX level was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of having reduced total bone mineral density (OR 3.22, p &lt;0.0001). Additionally, patients with PAD had significantly increased odds of having NTX levels in the higher tertile (O.R 1.57, p=0.035). This association persisted even after further adjustment for obesity, smoking, and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial disease is associated with reduced levels of bone mineral content and density. PAD is independently associated with N-telopeptides, suggesting abnormal type I collagen metabolism abnormalities. Further prospective studies will determine the role of NTX as a marker of osteoporosis found in PAD and their relationship with walking activity.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
National Priorities for Dementia Care: Perspectives of Individuals Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners

The current article reports the consensus recommendations from individuals living with dementia and their care partners on priorities for public policy and research funding, which were found using a nationwide, Delphi study. A modified snowball sample was used. Listservs, personal contacts, and advocacy groups were asked to distribute the survey. Paper versions were provided upon request. In Rounds 1 and 2 of the study, 388 and 301 responses, respectively, were received. Borda counts produced a ranked order consensus of priorities. Research ranked third, after the need for caregiver support and resources for the provision of long-term care. Education and training in person-centered practices for all care partners was also a high priority. Responses indicated that research funding should be expanded beyond its current emphasis on cure. Policymakers should reconsider the current priorities of the National Alzheimer’s Project Act to better address the long-term needs of individuals living with dementia and their care partners. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41 (8), 9–16.]

Topic: Delphi Technique in Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement</i>. By Andrew Wackerfuss. (New York, NY: Harrington Park Press, 2015. Pp. vii, 384. $35.00.)

"Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement. By Andrew Wackerfuss. (New York, NY: Harrington Park Press, 2015. Pp. vii, 384. $35.00.)." The Historian, 79(4), pp. 915–916

Topic: European history and politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interior design features for people with autism spectrum disorder

Optimizing the learning environment is important for every child, but it is especially<br> important for autistic children who may experience sensory difficulties described above. A suitable<br> approach to architecture and design can offer autistic children a learning environment in which it will<br> be easier for them to show their potential.Both ordinary people and doctors, teachers and employees<br> of administrative institutions know little about autism spectrum disorders in our country. Children,<br> teenagers and adults do not receive the correct diagnosis, many people do not have access to quality<br> care. In addition, myths are widespread, further complicating the lives of people with ASD. It is<br> important to give children with autism more time to realize what will happen next, this reduces their<br> anxiety, allows them to be more confident and generally increases their ability to learn.

Topic: Architecture, Design, and Social History
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Approach to recognizing SSVEP by combining CCA with artificial neural network

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is one of popular EEG patterns employed by brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. SSVEP-based BCI systems have some advantages such as high information transfer rate and less training requirement for the users. To develop a SSVEP-based BCI system, the recognition of the primary frequency of SSVEP is critical and may be effectively achieved by using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Several improved methods based on the traditional CCA method have been proposed. However, very few researches have considered the effectiveness, both by the individual subject itself and by the diversity of feeling imposed on different subjects by the same stimulus frequency, on the result of CCA. To address this issue, a novel method, NNWCCA, is proposed in this paper. NNWCCA first uses standard CCA to calculate the maximum canonical correlation coefficients between the analyzed EEG data with the reference signal of each stimulus frequency, and then employs an artificial neural network, which takes the calculated canonical correlation coefficients as inputs, to finally determine the primary frequency of the SSVEP hidden in the analyzed EEG data. The effectiveness of NNWCCA was verified by using a public SSVEP data.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effector-driven actin reorganisation restricts Salmonella invasion.

A critical step in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria such as Salmonella is entering the host cell. To achieve this, Salmonella inject effector proteins into the cytosol of the cell and manipulate the actin cytoskeleton, driving pathogen entry. Two of the delivered effectors, namely SopE and SopE2, activate host Rho GTPases and subsequently the Arp2/3 complex, which results in actin reorganisation. Whereas the role of SopE in promoting bacterial uptake is well-established, the precise function of SopE2 is not known. SopE2 was previously shown to activate Cdc42, which leads to the mobilisation of N-WASP and the resulting Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly. This work establishes that the activity of SopE2 restricts excessive Salmonella uptake via the generation of actin structures that exhibit anti-phagocytic properties. The loss of SopE2 or N-WASP is associated with unrestricted pathogen entry, highlighting the importance of those proteins for limiting bacterial invasion. The C-terminal VCA domain of N-WASP is revealed as the key region for the formation of the invasion-limiting actin networks. Those SopE2- and N-WASP-generated actin structures also obstruct the translocation of effectors from the invading bacteria. The recruitment of different subunit isoforms by the Arp2/3 complex can also modulate Salmonella uptake, however the precise role of the VCA in that event remains elusive. Finally, the loss of N-WASP is associated with a reduction in the cellular content of filamentous actin and a decrease in focal adhesions made by the cell, which may also play a role in boosting pathogen uptake. Together these results outline a novel mechanism utilised by Salmonella to control its own invasion, which most likely sustains the viability of the host and thus maintains the replicative niche. This work also highlights the dual role of the actin network for promoting and inhibiting both effector translocation and the uptake of the pathogen.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effects of a multi-linguistic diagnostic spelling intervention on the writing achievement and writing self-perception beliefs of secondary students: phonology, orthography, and morphology

To compete in the work force today, the global and national economy demands our 21st century learners to write efficiently, effectively, and coherently. Due to minimal progress in writing scores over the past decade, spelling has increasingly become a subject of national debate as poor spelling can impede a writer?s ability to formulate ideas and words which can ultimately translate into lowered writer self-perception beliefs and increased task avoidance behaviors. First, this study examined the pre and post intervention similarities and differences in linguistic skills, literacy-related skills, and writer self-perception beliefs of secondary students with or without Specific Learning Disabilities. Then, this study investigated the effects that a multi-linguistic, diagnostic spelling intervention in phonology, orthography, and morphology with a writing component had on the linguistic skills, literacy-related skills and writer self-perception beliefs of secondary students with Specific Learning Disabilities.

Topic: Writing and Handwriting Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multimedia in teaching mathematics at primary school

Rad prikazuje multimedije u osnovnoskolskoj predmetnoj nastavi matematike iz vise razlicitih aspekata. Autorica proucava trenutnu zastupljenost multimedija u osnovnoskolskoj predmetnoj nastavi matematike te strucne procjene ucitelja matematike znacaja takve nastave u poucavanju matematike u osnovnoj skoli. Empirijska provjera modela konstruktivisticke nastave matematike obogacene multimedijom provedena je akcijskim istraživanjem koje je ukljucivalo dva osnovnoskolska razredna odjeljenja (N = 45) promatrana tijekom jedne nastavne godine. U istraživanju je ispitana i motivacija ucenika s obzirom na misljenja o usvajanju matematickih sadržaja i kompetencija modificiranim upitnikom, djelomicno preuzetim iz Skale Motivacijske strategije ucenja (Pintrich i sur., 1993). Kvantitativno istraživanje bavilo se uciteljskim procjenama implementiranja multimedija u nastavu matematike (N = 321) koje su dobivene skalama procjene. Rezultati dvaju istraživanja međusobno su korelirani, kao i s rezultatima suvremenih znanstvenih istraživanja s podrucja metodike nastave matematike. Rad donosi metodicke prijedloge unapređenja nastave matematike konstruktivistickim pristupom i individualizacijom nastavnog procesa uporabom multimedija (Eret, 2016). Također ukazuje na koje nacine multimediji u nastavi matematike mogu doprinijeti pozitivnim promjenama u nastavi, ali i zadržavanju visoke razine motivacije prilikom promjene nastavnog koncepta. Razmatraju se pitanja izmjene nastavnog kurikuluma, zatim uloge ucitelja u novom nastavnom okruženju i potrebnim kompetencijama. Navode se razlozi primjene kvalitativne i kvantitativne metode u istraživanju, odnosno prednostima triangulacije dobivenih rezultata u dobivanju optimalnih odgovora na istraživacka pitanja.

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Without Epstein-Barr virus infection, no Sjögren's syndrome

Background:Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disorder whose etiology remains uncertain. Recent research has suggested a potential link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and SjS. This study aims to analyze the relationship between EBV infection and SjS by evaluating several case-control studies.Material and Methods:A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were conducted on multiple case-control studies investigating the relationship between EBV infection and SjS. Some of these studies presented significant inconsistencies, necessitating the application of advanced statistical methods. The analysis employed a one-sided hypothesis test with a p-value of 0.05 to evaluate the significance of the findings.Results:The analysis included studies that met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated robust data quality. These studies consistently supported the null hypothesis, indicating that the absence of an EBV infection determines the absence of SjS. The findings highlight EBV infection as a necessary condition for the development of SjS.Conclusion:The results suggest that EBV infection is a necessary condition in the etiology of SjS. It is likely that the underlying cause of SjS is linked to EBV infection. Further research is required to explore this relationship and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Topic: Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On building very large naming systems

This position paper draws attention to the construction of very large scale distributed naming systems. Some existing systems of this kind include the Domain Name System (DNS) and the DEC Distributed Name Service (DEC DNS) [10,11]. One of the most important requirements for the system is high availability. Replication is therefore of particular interest in structuring such a system.It is difficult to implement replication for a large and still growing distributed system. Although replication promises attractive properties such as high availability and enhanced reliability, the cost for maintaining consistency is substantial. Many replication control methods have been developed and studied, but few keep a good balance between high availability and reliability. Although replication has been used for large naming and authentication systems [1,10], it is only successful in situations in which the application can handle stale naming data. If an application must keep close track of some key naming data, it may be badly interrupted if the naming data is out of date. In such situations, the standard replication process is not adequate. In the following sections, I will explain the problem in further detail and describe a solution to it based on the experience of designing a global naming system - the Universal Name Service at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory [9].

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction system for screening low-frequency blood group antigens K and Ytb].

The established PCR-SSP based multiple PCR system is efficient to screen the rare blood group antigens K and Yt(b). The information of rare blood donors obtained from the screening can be used to improve the capability of compatible transfusion.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial patterns of tree community dynamics are detectable in a small (4 ha) and disturbed fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

The dynamics of the tree community of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was investigated in south-eastern Brazil. Surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2005 in 29 20 × 20 m plots. The main purpose was to assess the possibility of detecting spatial patterns of dynamics that could be related to the heterogeneity of both the environment and disturbance history in a small forest area (4.0 ha). Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, four pre-defined soil habitats, diameter classes and twelve tree populations. The tree community was rather unstable in the period, once mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates and loss rates of basal area surpassed gain rates all-over the area denoting the prevalence of a degradation process, possibly triggered by a clear felling in 1985 that reduced the area of the fragment in 26%. The tree community dynamics showed no spatial autocorrelation but was not evenly distributed throughout the fragment. This spatial heterogeneity was chiefly determined by the disturbance history of each site while environmental heterogeneity played a secondary but significant role. The main causes of disturbance heterogeneity were the extension of the adjacent felled area, cattle trampling and selective logging. The environmental variables that most strongly correlated with the variations of the dynamics rates were those related to the availability of light, water and mineral nutrients. In contrast with the overall trends, three understory species expanded in the period, possibly at the expense of the steeply declining density of mid-sized trees.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Governance of human resources in the Vietnamese healthcare system: A critical analysis of maternity services

This thesis utilised mixed-methods study design to understand the factors that influence the translation and implementation of central human resources in health policy at the district and commune health levels. It provided recommendations for changes to enhance governance approaches to human resources for health policy implementation at local and national levels. This thesis has also contributed to the evolution of the theory on health staff motivation and performance through the description and testing of a new model, using data from a survey on 262 health staff and 43 in-depth interviews conducted in two northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Single-Stage Isolation of Pure Andrographolide From Andrographis Paniculata in a Moderately Polar Solvent By Optimizing Different Parameters.

Abstract The primary objective of the proposed research work is to extract and enrich the pure Andrographolide (AGL) by varying the polarity index and Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) of a moderately polar solvent. Both parameters affect the solubility of AGL in different solvents and extraction methods. AGL was extracted from the whole plant of Andrographis paniculata . Continuous or Direct, Maceration and Soxhlet extraction method used for extraction. Based on the appearance of the crystal in the Direct Soxhlet Ethyl acetate method, their yield was further optimized by using a Randomized response surface (RSM), Quadratic model-based Box-Behnken design (BBD). The HPTLC performed the AGL extraction efficiency, purity, and quantification. Based on the obtained result, the pure Andrographolide crystal (yield 0.185 g/g) was obtained by Direct Soxhlet extraction. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent. R f exhibited in the TLC chromatogram was 0.28. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristics peak similar to the standard AGL, and 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR elucidated crystal structure. DEPT − 90/135 spectra depicted that extracted crystal was pure AGL. It is one of the novel approaches to isolating pure AGL crystal in a moderately polar solvent (Ethyl acetate) by elevating the Hildebrand solubility parameter despite using polar solvents. AGL crystal was obtained from Direct Soxhlet extraction by Ethyl acetate. It is a single-step and more economical method. It can be easily transformed into a pilot or industrial setup to extract Pure AGL.

Topic: Andrographolide Research and Applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences