jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cervical Kinematics of Fast Neck Motion across Age

Purpose: To evaluate the velocity, smoothness, and symmetry of fast cervical motion in asymptomatic individuals of four age groups, and to investigate the relationship between age and these measures. Methods: Cross-sectional study with fifty-eight asymptomatic volunteers (28 F, 30 M), aged 18-80 (mean age=44.14 ± 17.35) were assessed using a customized Virtual Reality (VR) system. VR head-mounted display stimulated fast neck movements in response to virtual targets appearing randomly. Outcome measures were neck motion velocity, smoothness, and symmetry of velocity profile. Main findings: The eldest group differed from younger age groups in peak and mean velocity of neck motion. Smoothness demonstrated age-group difference only between the youngest and oldest groups. Linear regression analysis showed significant negative correlations in mean and peak velocity, and in smoothness with age, excluding smoothness in right rotation. No age-group differences and no significant correlations were found for time-to-peakvelocity in all directions of neck movement (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that age influenced the velocity in which asymptomatic individuals could move their neck, specifically in elders over 60 years of age. Clinically, this may suggest that when elders with neck pain present with slower cervical motion, it is probably partly due to aging and thus should be taken into account in the management and expected level of performance.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cohomology of Jacobi forms

We define and compute a cohomology of the space of Jacobi forms based on precise analogues of Zhu reduction formulas. A counterpart of the Bott-Segal theorem for the reduction cohomology of Jacobi forms on the torus is proven. It is shown that the reduction cohomology for Jacobi forms is given by the cohomology of $n$-point connections over a deformed vertex operator algebra bundle defined on the torus. The reduction cohomology for Jacobi forms for a vertex operator algebra is determined in terms of the space of analytical continuations of solutions to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations.

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
|The HMG-box domain

Abstract The HMG-box is a new kind of eukaryotic protein domain involved in DNA binding. It has been discovered in a number of chromatin proteins, general transcription factors, and transcriptional regulators which control tissue differentiation and sex determination. The most unusual feature of HMG-boxes is that they recognise and/ or produce primarily conformational features in DNA, even if some members of this family can also bind sequence-specifically to particular sites on linear DNA. The diverse set of HMG-box-containing proteins (which we will call ‘HMG-box proteins’ from now on) appear to be involved in a broad spectrum of DNA transactions, ranging from transcription to DNA packaging in chromatin. Such versatility is uncommon and suggests that the ability of HMG-boxes to manipulate DNA can be used in similar ways in highly different functional contexts.

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrical, Civil, and Mechanical Engineering

Abstract While the importance of being able to communicate effectively in writing is widely understood, nevertheless there are persistent differences between the writing styles of students and professionals working in the same discipline. This work further explores a hypothesis by the authors that the presence of distinct written “dialects” in different engineering communities is a source of mixed messages for students, who can be confused by the often-conflicting writing advice presented in various core and discipline-specific courses. Quantitative methods verified this hypothesis, as the results show that author voice, development, style, and diction vary significantly between electrical, civil, and mechanical engineering journal articles. As a result, neither the “STEM writing style” nor the “Engineering writing style” can be considered to be a homogeneous entity. Equipped with this awareness, those personnel responsible for teaching writing to undergraduate students can hopefully be more effective in the delivery of their instruction. Extensions which propose the investigation of engineering writing style among non-academic practitioners and students are included.

Topic: Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unified Singular Protocol Flow for OAuth (USPFO) Ecosystem

OAuth 2.0 is a popular authorization framework that allows third-party clients such as websites and mobile apps to request limited access to a user's account on another application. The specification classifies clients into different types based on their ability to keep client credentials confidential. It also describes different grant types for obtaining access to the protected resources, with the authorization code and implicit grants being the most commonly used. Each client type and associated grant type have their unique security and usability considerations. In this paper, we propose a new approach for OAuth ecosystem that combines different client and grant types into a unified singular protocol flow for OAuth (USPFO), which can be used by both confidential and public clients. This approach aims to reduce the vulnerabilities associated with implementing and configuring different client types and grant types. Additionally, it provides built-in protections against known OAuth 2.0 vulnerabilities such as client impersonation, token (or code) thefts and replay attacks through integrity, authenticity, and audience binding. The proposed USPFO is largely compatible with existing Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Proposed Standard Request for Comments (RFCs), OAuth 2.0 extensions and active internet drafts.

Topic: Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthese von [3]‐Praerotaxanen

Synthesis of [3]‐Prerotaxanes Starting from the doubly bridged 5‐amino‐1,3‐benzodioxole derivative 1 the [3]‐prerotaxanes 4c, 5c, 6c are synthesised as a mixture of isomers in a four step reaction sequence.

Topic: Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
AN E-LEARNING COURSE ON E-LEARNING FOR STAFF IN HIGHER EDUCATION

In this paper we report on the development, delivery and evaluation of an e-learning course. Aimed at university staff undertaking a mandatory post-graduate qualification in higher education teaching, the course was designed to develop understanding of the concept of e-learning. We describe, with reference to the literature, how the course was designed and delivered via the institution’s virtual learning environment and facilitated using an online learning moderation model based on Salmon (2004). Also discussed is how a cycle of evaluation has lead to improvements in subsequent presentations of the course and general considerations for other institutions seeking to achieve similar aims.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transforming Realities—Making the Improbable Possible: Reclamation of Sacredness as a Source of Generative Capacities

Understanding the nature and source of generative capacities for radical change has been an enduring concern for researchers of organizations and social movements. However, the role of spirituality as a resource in social movements is an undertheorized area. Based on the field study of a successful, long-term social movement in India and drawing on the emerging discourse on spirituality in organizational literature, the author describes how in a community reclamation of the sacred came to be a source of generative capacities for transformation. This article describes a dynamic model of change that begins with recognition of the sacred and positive action that has the potential to spiral to escalating levels of positive change. The article also describes how the sacred in this community is manifested as a socioecological, relational ethic. The author concludes by discussing the implications of this framework for social movements and organizational change theories.

Topic: Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixing and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth of Gossypium hirsutum L

Phosphorus and nitrogen are very much crucial for growth of Plant. Nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) promote plant growth and enhance various cellular processes like root elongation, proliferation and changes of root architecture, seed development and normal crop maturity. In present study the inoculation effect of phosphate solubilizing and Nitrogen fixing bacteria, isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of North Gujarat, India are investigated. The isolated bacteria were tested for indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia production and phosphate solubilization in vitro. Various parameters like root and shoot height, number of root hair, length, width and weight of leaves and chlorophyll content under greenhouse condition was measured. The study shows highest IAA production 0.1822 μg mL-1 by isolate N8 and highest phosphate production 0.029 μg mL-1 by isolate P6. The DNA of effective bacterial isolates was amplified using 16S r-DNA primers. Amplified PCR product were purified and sequenced to identify the isolates up to species level using BLAST. The isolates were identified as Azotobacter vinelandii and Bacillus niabensis, respectively (Accession number: JX564632 and KF535156).

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bridging the divide by screencasting in an introductory statistics class at an Australian university

Emerging technologies are being used increasingly to improve the communication and quality of instruction in the statistics classroom. Whereas a decade ago the move commenced away from blackboard writing with chalk towards computer assisted lecture delivery via PowerPoint or Beamer presentations, we are now seeing increasing use of Tablet technology to create dynamic and engaging lectures. While usually only students physically attending lectures would benefit, combined with screencasting – video capturing of the full computer screen along with audio recording – a near live lecture experience can be provided to students who cannot attend lectures. This is particularly valuable at universities with students enrolled in distance mode. This study investigates the benefits and downsides of providing lecture screencasts to oncampus and distance students of an introductory statistics class at the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). After technical issues were overcome, the recorded lectures were well received by the students, and this anecdotal evidence is supported by positive student evaluations.

Topic: Innovations in Educational Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mental Health of Adolescents during Times of War

<title>Abstract</title> War-related trauma can severely affect adolescent mental health, especially during critical developmental periods. This study investigated factors influencing mental health and wellbeing among 973 Israeli adolescents (ages 13–18, 65.8% female) eight months after the 'Swords of Iron' conflict. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing mental health, resilience, executive functions (EFs), sense of coherence, and war-related changes in daily-life participation. Results showed that 40.2% of adolescents scored within the abnormal range for mental health symptoms, exceeding the expected normative 10%. Female participants and older participants exhibited worse emotional status. Participation declined across all occupational domains, with notable individual variability. A regression model explained over 50% of the variance in mental health outcomes, with executive dysfunction and lower resilience emerging as the strongest predictors for reduced mental health. Decision tree analysis revealed that adolescents with better EF function of inhibitory control and less decline in participation reported better mental health. Among adolescents with EF difficulties, lower arousal symptoms were associated with improved outcomes. These findings suggest that EFs, patterns of daily-life participation and arousal symptoms contribute to adolescents’ capacity to cope with trauma. Addressing them as potential intervention targets may help mitigate long-term effects of traumatic exposure.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Perceptions on the role of practical and simulated learning in promoting successful entrepreneurship

Practical work-based learning (WBL) or simulated learning has been widely recognized as essential for developing desirable cognitive and behavioral qualities among university learners. Despite this recognition, most practical and simulated learning experiences have been directed to facilitate learners’ employability rather than to promote entrepreneurship. The study aimed to examine the perception of students on the usage of WBL to foster entrepreneurial intention at higher education institutions in South Africa. The study employed mixed research methods. The results show that opportunity recognition, desire to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities, increasing knowledge and skills, desire to be involved in starting a business, desire to own or manage a new business, desire to own or manage an old business, attitude towards entrepreneurship, motivation to be an entrepreneur, and fascination with entrepreneurship were key impacts of WBL among entrepreneurship students. Friedman test was carried out to compare the mean ranks of the nine impacts and test whether there were any significant differences in agreeableness to their impact. The test result was significant, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.023 indicated no significant differences among the nine impact factors, which are not different in their strength as a key result of WBL. The study recommends the adoption of WBL strategies in entrepreneurial programs at universities.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Cycadoprida: History of Study, Value, Perspectives of Use

Representatives of Cycadopsida – a group of ancient plants, that appeared in the Permian period of the Paleozoic era. During the Jurassic and Triassic periods of the Mesozoic, they were an indispensable component of the plant communities until the appearance and distribution of representatives of Magnoliophyta. Today, 307 taxa of cycads are known. Plants of some species are traditionally used by the local population in everyday life, for food or in folk medicine. For various reasons, populations of most species are endangered. Some cycads species are no longer found in nature. All species of Ceratozamia, Chigua, Encephalartos and representatives of Cycas beddomei Dyer, Microcycas calocoma Miq. A. DC., Stangeria eriopus (Kunze) Baill are listed in I appendix CITES list. The remaining species of Cycadaceae are listed in appendix II. Most representatives of Cycadopsida are listed in the Red List of International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Recent studies have shown the presence in valuable herbs of Cycadopsida of valuable, and sometimes, unique compounds and phytocomposition that can be used in pharmacy and cosmetology. In the work, the scientific, practical and historical significance of the Cycadopsida is formulated, the traditional methods of their use and perspectives of study are indicated. Taking into account the main directions of scientific and educational work carried out in the NBG M.M. Gryshko National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, with the collection of Cycadopsida, provides information on the history of the discovery and study of the representatives of this group of ancient gymnosperms. In the context of the formation of the modern taxonomic hierarchy of the Cycadopsida mentioned the most prominent scientists who were engaged in descriptions and study of this group of plants.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Frequencies and spatial patterns of white hypovirulent and pigmented strains of <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> within blight‐controlled cankers on grafted American chestnut trees 15–16 years after inoculation

The frequencies and spatial patterns of white and pigmented strains of Cryphonectria parasitica were investigated within cankers in a zone on grafted American chestnut trees inoculated with white (European) and pigmented hypovirulent strains (H‐inoculated zone) 15–16 years earlier. Six 7 × 7 lattice plots (each 17.8 × 17.8 cm) were established on cankers in the H‐inoculated zone of the grafts. Assays of 49 bark cores per lattice indicated that 35.3% of 306 C. parasitica isolates recovered from the six lattice plots were white. The white isolates had a random pattern, potentially favorable to biocontrol, within the highly superficial cankers, based on join‐count statistics of the six lattice plots. Pigmented isolates dominated the C. parasitica population, and virulence trials on American chestnut sprouts indicated 36% of the pigmented isolates from the H‐inoculated zone were hypovirulent and 27% were virulent. Most (84.3%) pigmented isolates in a bark core could not be converted to the white phenotype in vitro by white isolates in the same bark core. Five of six lattice plots had a random pattern of pigmented isolates, based on join‐count statistics. The sixth lattice plot was composed of an aggregate of 36 lattice cells (area = 232 cm 2 ) containing 12 pigmented vegetative compatability (vc) groups of C. parasitica , which were interwoven in the lattice as a mosaic of thread‐like forms, blocks, or ‘islands’ 32 cm 2 or less in area for each vc group. Hypotheses are advanced to explain why virulent pigmented strains persist in blight‐controlled cankers of the H‐inoculated zone but do not kill the vascular cambium.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Letter from Jeminia S.M. O'Daly to Hagan

Holograph letter from [Jeminia] S.M. O'Daly, Grand Hôtel Cavour, Florence, to Hagan, offering to take messages back for him. Monsignor Luzio had given her the impression he realised the justice of the Irish republican cause, saying explicitly 'he believed the Republicans to be the better of the two parties'. He offered to give absolution to republicans, realising the injustice of refusing it. Enclosing copy of a yet unpublished article sent to America (not extant).

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sensitivities of peripheral lymphocytes from healthy humans to induction of sister chromatid exchanges by chemicals.

The spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and SCEs induced by 50 microM methyl methanesulfonate, 1 microM 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, and 5 microM 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole were examined in phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral lymphocytes from 53 healthy adult donors. The means of the mean spontaneous SCEs and SCEs induced by methyl methanesulfonate, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole in cells of these donors had coefficients of variability of 12, 14, 24, and 28%, respectively. Thus, it was possible to estimate the SCE-inducing activities of chemicals in peripheral lymphocytes from a population of healthy humans under the defined experimental conditions. These facts provide one of the useful parameters for evaluating the genotoxicities of chemicals to human beings, a genetically heterogeneous species. Cells from two of the donors were considerably more sensitive to particular chemicals than were those from other donors, consistently giving higher numbers of induced SCEs in two repeat examinations.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pyruvate Decarboxylase:  A Molecular Modeling Study of Pyruvate Decarboxylation and Acyloin Formation

Using crystal structure data for the pyruvate decarboxylase from Saccharomyces uvarum (which is nearly identical with the enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), molecular modeling studies have been carried out to investigate the mode of action of the enzyme. Each step of the decarboxylation mechanism can be explained by assuming that the 4‘-amino group of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) acts as a general acid and, in its deprotonated form, as a general base. The carboxyl group of Glu 477 plays a key role in both pyruvate decarboxylation and acyloin formation. In the first case it interacts with the carboxylate group of pyruvate to stabilize the incipient dianion formed by attack of the thiazolium carbanion on pyruvate. In the second case, it interacts with the developing alkoxide anion arising from attack on acetaldehyde or benzaldehyde by the carbanion−enamine intermediate. These studies have permitted the assignment of configuration to all of the key intermediates in the catalytic process. Thus the carbanion−enamine intermediate 5 is found to have the E-configuration. The S-configuration is imposed on the 2-(2-hydroxypropionyl)ethyl)thiamin diphosphate intermediate 4 by the chiral conformation induced in the achiral cofactor through its interactions with the protein. The R-configuration is assigned to the 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamin diphosphate intermediate 6 arising through protonation of the carbanion−enamine intermediate 5. The tight stereochemical control observed in acyloin formation from aromatic aldehydes and pyruvate is explained, as is the relaxed stereocontrol in acyloin formation from acetaldehyde and pyruvate.

Topic: Biochemical Acid Research Studies
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Formal and non-formal digital practices: institutionalizing transactional learning spaces in a media classroom

This article examines how a classroom procedure known as PGE (Plan/Go-through/Evaluate) group work aims at integrating formal and non-formal media experiences and practices into classroom-based media learning. The study displays, on the one hand, how PGE group work emerged and was institutionally embedded in a media course. On the other hand, the study displays how students in this media course negotiated with their teachers by drawing on out-of-school media experiences and production practices in the process of planning classroom work. Empirically, the study draws on ethnographic observation of a vocational media studies course in the age range between 16 and 19 years at the upper secondary level in Norway. Video observations from several hours of PGE group work are analysed in order to document how students are involved in co-planning classroom work together with the course teachers. The analysis is based on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT). This theoretical position is applied in order to foreground tensions between formal institutional obligations and non-formal practices that surface in the classroom, and how an institutional measure such as PGE group work creates a transactional space for handling these differences.

Topic: Innovative Education and Learning Practices
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences