jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Review of Considerations, Management, and Treatment of Medical Emergencies During Commercial Flight

Abstract : As the overall health of our worlds population improves, life expectancy will increase, leading to an older population using air transport. With this aged population comes a variety of chronic medical conditions that may become exacerbated during commercial flight, increasing the probability of in-flight medical emergencies. Thus, primary care providers need a better understanding of the aviation environment to make reasonable decisions concerning medical clearance for flying. In this report, the medical resources onboard most civilian commercial airlines, the contents of the medical kits, and the training background of the crew in response to inflight medical events are reviewed. Ground-based medical support agencies are introduced, and the physiology of the respiratory system is outlined. General guidance for responding to medical events onboard, with decision strategy for determining aircraft diversion, is provided, along with a discussion of the top four most common in-flight medical events. Finally, a brief history of international standards is given to compare the procedures between the United States and the international communities.

Topic: Travel-related health issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Writing with scissors: American scrapbooks from the Civil War to the Harlem Renaissance

Introduction Chapter 1: Reuse, Recycle, Recirculate: Scrapbooks Remake Value Chapter 2: Mark Twain's Scrapbook Innovations Chapter 3: Civil War Scrapbooks: Newspaper and Nation Chapter 4 Alternative Histories in African American Scrapbooks Chapter 5: Strategic Scrapbooks: Activist Women's Clipping and Self-Creation Chapter 6: Scrapbook as Archive, Scrapbooks in Archives Chapter 7: The Afterlife of the Nineteenth-Century Scrapbook Index

Topic: American and British Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficacy of Copper Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Soya Lecithin Liposomes in Treating Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) In Vitro

Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of death which attracted the attention of the scientific world to search for efficient methods for treatment. With the great development and regeneration of nanotechnology over the last 25 years, various nanoparticles in different structures, shapes and composites provide good potential for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study aims to investigate the effect of Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as a drug model for cancer treatment either in their free form or encapsulated in Soy lecithin liposomes (SLP) from plant origin as a cheap source of lipids. CuNPs were by the chemical reduction method then loaded to SLP through the thin film hydration method. The drug model Cu/SLP was successfully combined. The characteristics of the free CuNPs, liposomes, and the combined form, zeta potential, size distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%), drug release profile, Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were checked followed by in vitro study on breast cancer cell line Mcf-7 as a model for cytotoxicity evaluation. The optimal Cu/SLP had a particle mean size of 81.59 ± 14.93 nm, a negative zeta potential of -50.7 ± 4.34 mV, the loaded CuNPs showed EE% of 78.9%, and a drug release profile for about 50% of the drug was released after 6 h, and FTIR analysis are recorded. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the IC 50 of Cu/SLP is smaller than that of free CuNPs. These results give clear evidence of the efficacy of using the combined Cu/SLP than CuNPs alone as a model drug carrier prepared from plant origin against cancer medically and economically.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
En‘vision’ing Europe's crisis: Intertextuality in news coverage of the Eurozone crisis in Chinese, Indian and Russian press

European political communication studies are marked by a lack of attention to the visual. Yet there is a need to go beyond strictly textual analyses towards an understanding that visual images also play an important role in constructing a European Union (EU) identity both within and outside the Union's borders. This analysis explores the relationship between visual and textual imagery of the EU in international news discourses; a comprehensive intertextual approach which remains an under-researched perspective in studies of visual imagery in general. The study focuses on the intertextual imagery of the EU and its economic crisis in three ‘emerging’ powers; China, India and Russia. The three states are among the main poles in a multi-polar world – an emerging order characterized by power shifts and increased interdependence. In this new global design, the ‘emerging’ powers compete with the EU and USA, and contemplate their own responses to the EU's economic crisis, as well as calculate its effects. This study explores those responses as presented in the leading business papers of each country and asks how the relationship between the visual and textual imagery of the EU contributes to raising visibility and creating cognitive and emotional responses to its on-going crisis

Topic: Media Studies and Communication
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital].

The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. We conducted a retrospective single-center study in the Department of Urology and Andrology at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar from June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2016. We collected data of 60 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy associated with dissection of the iliac and obturator nodes. After radical prostatectomy, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were undetectable (<0.1 ng/mL) in 20 patients (33.3%). Eleven patients (18.3%), who had biochemical relapse, received complementary hormone therapy. Patients achieved a response after initiation of treatment, and total PSA became undetectable again after an 8-month follow-up period. Mean overall survival was 17.5 months, with a median of 9.49. Cumulative overall survival rates at 1 year, 3 years and 4 years were 42.4, 13.6 and 6.8%, respectively. Mean relapse-free survival was 17.3 months, with a median biochemical relapse-free survival of eleven (11) months. The mean duration of specific survival was 8.1 months, with a median of 3 months. Seven patients had positive resection margins (11.6%). Four patients had lymph node involvement. Radical prostatectomy, suggested in some patients with prostate cancer in our practice, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic method leading to good outcomes.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Particle Size and Processing Variables on the Properties of an Extruded Catfish Feed

Abstract A catfish feed was extruded to determine how particle size, moisture content and screw speed affected the pellet durability, water stability index, and buoyancy. Increasing moisture content from 250 to 300 g/kg required less die pressure, specific mechanical energy and product temperature to produce durable pellets that were stable in water. Increasing screw speed from 200 to 400 rpm also lowered die pressure, due to a lower filled length of the extruder screw channels, but increased specific mechanical energy and product temperature; the resulting pellets had a lower apparent bulk density, but a higher degree of starch gelatinization and water stability index. Reducing particle size from 1200 to 700 m decreased die pressure and apparent bulk density, but increased product temperature, degree of starch gelatinization, pellet durability index and water stability index.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Discontinuous Galerkin Integral Equation for Half-Space Scattering Problems

Aiming to the efficient electromagnetic scattering analysis from multiscale targets in half-space, the discontinuous Galerkin method is considered in this work. It is found that the widely used mixed-potential integral equation requires proper modifications in order to impose current continuity and zero charge accumulation conditions on the neighboring subdomain contours. Numerical examples and comparisons are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy, versatility, and flexibility of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme in half-space scattering problems.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jack London, his life, work and legacy

Jack London is not just an author of dog stories. He is according to some literary critics, one of the greatest writers in the world. His stories are read worldwide more than any other American author, alive or dead, and he is considered by many as the American finest author. This work presents Jack London as a man who is valiant, wise, adventurous, a good worker, and a dreamer who tries to achieve his goals. He shows that poverty is not an obstacle to get them. His youth experiences inspire him to create his literary works. His work exemplifies traditional American values and captures the spirit of adventure and human interest. His contribution to literature is great. We can find in his collection of works a large list of genders like novels, short stories, non-fiction, and autobiographical memoirs. These genders contain a variety of literary styles, adventure, drama, suspense, humor, and even romance. Jack London gets the materials of his books from his own adventures; his philosophy was a product of his own experiences; his love of life was born from trips around the world and voyages across the sea. Through this work we can discover that the key of London's greatness is universality that is his work is both timely and timeless.

Topic: American and British Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sap volatile components in relation to susceptibility of anthracnose and Aspergillus rot of mangoes (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.)

Sap burn injury and postharvest diseases are major causes of mango fruit quality deterioration, resulting in considerable postharvest losses in many countries. Susceptibility of selected cultivars of mango in Sri Lanka to sap burn injury and the incidence of anthracnose and Aspergillus rot of mango were examined in this study. Volatile components of non-aqueous (oil) phase were investigated using GC-MS, and artificial inoculation studies were carried out to assess disease resistance with Colletotrichum queesnlandicum (KC 820802) and Aspergillus niger (KC 820801). It was observed that the popular 'Karuthakolumban' and 'Willard' mangoes with high sap flow at harvest and high sap burn incidence were more susceptible to sap burn injury compared with 'Chembaddan' and 'Ambalavi' mangoes. Cultivar variations in susceptibility to Aspergillus rot of mangoes are reported for the first time in this study, where 'Willard' mangoes were more resistant to Aspergillus rot than other cultivars. The sap exudates of 'Ambalavi' and 'Karuthakolumban' mangoes were observed to contain the preformed antifungal compounds 5-pentadecyl resorcinol and 5-(Heptadeca-8,11- dienyl) benzene1,3-diol, with variety 'Ambalavi' showing a high resorcinol level. These cultivars were found to be resistant to anthracnose disease. These results suggest that presence of sap volatiles is cultivar dependent and could be used to identify cultivars resistant to postharvest diseases and sap burn.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Usefulness of a Predictive Instrument to Reduce Inappropriate Admissions to the Coronary Care Unit

A mathematical instrument was developed to supplement the diagnostic information available to physicians in the emergency room to improve physicians' diagnostic accuracy in managing patients with acute ischemic heart disease and thereby reduce inappropriate coronary care unit admissions. The instrument was empirically derived and is based on nine clinical, historical, and electrocardiographic predictive variables. Probabilities of acute ischemic heart disease generated by the instrument were given to the house staff in an emergency room during alternate months. Comparison of the control months (455 patients) with the experimental months (401 patients) showed the following: The overall diagnostic accuracy increased from 83% to 91% (P less than 0.005), the overdiagnostic accuracy increased from 51% to 33% (P less than 0.01), and the admission rate to the coronary care unit fell from 26% to 14% (P less than 0.001), while the inappropriate discharge rate from the emergency room did not change, 3% versus 3% (not significant).

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
APACHE II SCORE AND OUTCOME IN THE SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (SICU)

Rutledge, Robert; Rutherford, Edmund; Fakhry, Samir; Muakkassa, Farid; Baker, Christopher; Koruda, Mark; Meyer, Anthony Author Information

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sudden Shortness of Breath and Anxiety

Scenario: An 86-year-old female was admitted to a medical-surgical unit from an extended care facility with complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. She remained on complete bed rest due to severe pain and was ultimately diagnosed with acute sigmoid diverticulitis. After 4 days, an ECG (below) was obtained when she suddenly became anxious, short of breath, and hypoxic. On admission, her ECG showed normal sinus rhythm (76/min) with a right bundle branch block (RBBB).Sinus tachycardia with an RBBB (criteria: QRSd > 120 milliseconds, slurred S wave in leads I and V6, rSR′ pattern in V1, where R′ > R) and ECG criteria suggestive of pulmonary embolism (PE)A PE is an unpredictable condition associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients.Following a PE, acute hypoxia develops and fluid volume overload in the right ventricle (acute core pulmonale) occurs. Key ECG features include tachycardia, RBBB (complete or incomplete) and a classic ECG pattern known by the acronym S1Q3T3. These ECG changes result from repolarization abnormalities due to increased right ventricular pressure and volume overload, which in turn lead to right ventricular conduction delay and a QRS axis shift. S1 refers to an S wave in lead I, as seen in this example. Q3 refers to a Q wave in lead III and T3 refers to an inverted T wave in this same lead.In some patients, as is seen in this example, there is T wave inversion in the anterior leads, and this is often considered a late sign. Importantly, the presence of S1Q3T3 on an ECG can occur from any cause of acute cor pulmonale (eg, pneumothorax, acute bronchospasm) therefore these findings are not specific for PE. A lung scan or computed tomography angiography should be done to confirm the diagnosis. However, immediately available information that includes a patient’s clinical history, as well as the S1Q3T3 ECG pattern can be helpful in determining the cause of acute changes in a patient’s condition.Prevention measures consist of routine anticoagulation therapy or an intermittent pneumatic compression device to the lower extremities, and ambulation. Management of PE is typically anticoagulant therapy such as heparin and, eventually, long term warfarin. In severe cases, thrombolysis or pulmonary thrombectomy may be used. This patient had been administered subcutaneous enoxaparin once daily but still developed a PE, which demonstrates that patients are at risk for this complication despite preventive pharmacological measures.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A double‐blind multicentre trial comparing mianserin with imipramine.

1. Fifty‐four depressive in‐patients aged 18‐45 yr, were treated at random, in double‐blind conditions, with mianserin 60 mg daily or imipramine 150 mg daily in three divided doses for 4 weeks. Nitrazepam and diazepam were also allowed if necessary. 2. There was no significant difference in antidepressant efficacy between the two groups, as assessed by the rating scales of Hamilton, Beck and Overall, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and a global clinical rating. 3. The overall frequency of side‐effects was significantly lower with mianserin than with imipramine. Autonomic symptoms increased in severity during treatment with imipramine, but not with mianserin. 4. the patients treated with imipramine had a fall in blood pressure which was not observed during mianserin treatment.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Variational Point Process Model for Social Event Sequences

Many events occur in real-world and social networks. Events are related to the past and there are patterns in the evolution of event sequences. Understanding the patterns can help us better predict the type and arriving time of the next event. In the literature, both feature-based approaches and generative approaches are utilized to model the event sequence. Feature-based approaches extract a variety of features, and train a regression or classification model to make a prediction. Yet, their performance is dependent on the experience-based feature exaction. Generative approaches usually assume the evolution of events follow a stochastic point process (e.g., Poisson process or its complexer variants). However, the true distribution of events is never known and the performance depends on the design of stochastic process in practice. To solve the above challenges, in this paper, we present a novel probabilistic generative model for event sequences. The model is termed Variational Event Point Process (VEPP). Our model introduces variational auto-encoder to event sequence modeling that can better use the latent information and capture the distribution over inter-arrival time and types of event sequences. Experiments on real-world datasets prove effectiveness of our proposed model.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
High-speed line-scanning confocal holographic microscopy for quantitative phase imaging(Conference Presentation)

We present a high speed, phase-sensitive, line-scanning reflectance confocal interference microscope. We achieved rapid confocal imaging using a fast line-scan camera and quantitative phase imaging using off-axis digital holography on a 1D, line-by-line basis. In our prototype system, a He-Ne laser (~1.2 mW) was used to demonstrate the principle of operation. Using a 20 kHz line scan rate (1024 pixels per line scan), we achieved a video-rate frame rate of 20 Hz for 1024x500 pixel en-face confocal images (20 MHz total pixel rate). By using an objective lens of a NA 0.65, we achieved an axial and lateral resolution of ~3.5 micrometers and ~0.8 micrometers, respectively. By z-stack imaging of a custom silicon target with a stepped structure, we confirmed that the axial sectioning of the interference microscope is similar to that of a traditional line-scan confocal microscope (our microscope with the reference arm blocked). The utility of phase-sensitive holographic detection in line-scan confocal was demonstrated in two ways. First, using a custom axial height phantom fabricated using chrome deposition, we demonstrated variations in phase corresponding to heights in the 100 nm range with a contrast-to-noise ratio of ~31 dB. Second, we demonstrate digital refocusing of an out-of-focus holographic image. The mechanism of confocality in our line-scan system is 1D physical pinholing. Our ongoing work aims to add an additional mechanism of confocality by using low spatial coherence sources to impose interferometric pinholing.

Topic: Digital Holography and Microscopy
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teachers' Perspectives on Post Observation Conferences: A Study at a Saudi Arabian University

This article explores the perceptions of teachers regarding post observation conferences in a preparatory year English language program in a university in Saudi Arabia.Semi-standardized interviews were used to gather qualitative data from ten teachers.Five themes emerged from the interview data after qualitative analysis: (1) Concerns about the means-oriented view of some observers (2) Blurring of lines between developmental supervision and evaluation (3) Post observation conference as a formality (4) Concerns about the difference of opinion between teachers and observers (5) Concerns about supervisors' credentials, training and experience in supervision.These themes are discussed in detail with reference to current literature on supervision.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences