jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Normalization across languages

One of the few characteristics shared by most of the proposed algorithms for vowel normalization is their utilization of the mean formant frequency values of the vowel system as a correction factor for individual vowels. This reflects the accepted view that the quality of a particular vowel depends less on the absolute formant values than on the relations between these values and the general range of the speaker's formants. While such approaches very satisfactorily reduce the dispersion within a single language, they are unsatisfactory for cross-linguistic comparisons, since the means can differ drastically from language to language when the vowel systems are different. For example, the overall mean of the F2 values of Danish, which has two sets of front vowels (rounded and unrounded) but only one set of back vowels, is significantly higher than that of English; moreover, the overall mean F1 of Danish is over 100 Hz lower than that of English. Using overall means to normalize in these cases confounds phonetic differences with systemic differences. A method of comparing vowels across languages which avoids this problem will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH.]

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Standardizing Smart Contracts for Regulatory Compliance in Cross-Border Payments

Smart contracts—auto-executing digital agreements built on DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology), an emerging technology of blockchain—are revolutionizing cross-border payments by enhancing efficiency and automation. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by a fragmented regulatory landscape and legal uncertainties across jurisdictions. Therefore, to promote the urgency of regulatory governance of smart contract, this research advocates for the techno-legal standardization of smart contracts to ensure regulatory compliance in international financial transactions. It investigates how smart contracts can be designed to meet diverse legal requirements while maintaining technical adaptability, scalability, and interoperability. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature and qualitative methods—including expert interviews, surveys, and case studies—the study aims to develop a framework that balances innovation with legal certainty. Key challenges addressed include jurisdictional fragmentation, enforcement mechanisms, integration with legacy systems like SWIFT, and compliance with KYC/AML regulations. The research also examines emerging solutions such as decentralized identity frameworks, trusted oracles, and hybrid on-chain/off-chain models. By bridging the gap between law, technology, and finance, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, blockchain developers, and international businesses. Ultimately, it contributes to the development of a standardized smart contract ecosystem that supports secure, efficient, and legally compliant cross-border payments.

Topic: FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-Related mRNAs Are Elevated in Serum of a Finnish Wet AMD Cohort

Differentially expressed systemic mRNAs that are linked to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation may have a role in the pathology of wAMD. Our observations provide new data for the understanding of the progression of wAMD.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Consistent <i>TP53</i> mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> and sporadic basal-like breast tumors, while infrequent in luminal <i>BRCA1</i> tumors.

Abstract Abstract #4070 Breast tumors with a germline mutation of BRCA1 (BRCA1 tumors) and Basal-Like Carcinoma (BLC) have been shown to be associated with a high rate of TP53 mutations. Because it has also been shown that BRCA1 tumors frequently display a basal-like phenotype, we sought to determine whether TP53 mutations were correlated to the hereditary BRCA1 mutated status or to the particular histological type of these tumors. We first explored the status of the TP53 gene in a series of 28 BRCA1 BLCs using immunohistochemistry, direct sequencing of the coding sequence, and functional assay in yeast (FASAY), and compared it to the status of TP53 in 27 series of sporadic (non hereditary) BLCs. With this sensitive approach, TP53 was found consistently mutated in BRCA1 (28/28) and sporadic (26/27) BLCs. However, mutation spectrum was different, in particular with a much higher rate of insertion/deletion in BRCA1 BLCs (12/27) than in the sporadic group (2/25). Secondly, we analyzed the incidence of TP53 mutations in 10 BRCA1 luminal tumors, using the same strategy. Surprisingly, only 3 of these 10 tumors were mutated, a frequency similar to that found in matched sporadic luminal tumors. In conclusion, TP53 mutation is a mandatory event in BRCA1 or sporadic BLCs, but not a common feature of BRCA1 luminal tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4070.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Low-pressure syndromes and cerebrospinal fluid leaks

The current range of clinical applications for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics testing includes hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, craniosynostosis, and traumatic brain injury. CSF dynamics depends on interaction between four components: CSF production, flow, absorption, and pulsations. The mathematical model of CSF pressure-volume compensation provides a theoretical basis for the differential diagnosis in hydrocephalus. Components of this model are identified in many clinical scenarios and are in use in clinical diagnostic procedures. In all pressure-volume testing techniques, parameters of model are estimated using various algorithms and various volume-adding techniques. Pulse amplitude of intracranial pressure (ICP) is synchronized with pulse amplitude of arterial pressure and the pulse amplitude of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery. Pulse amplitude increases proportionally to mean CSF pressure during the infusion study. The resistance to CSF outflow demonstrates significant associations with cerebrovascular reactivity: patients with lower Rout tend to have more frequently disturbed cerebrovascular reactivity.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access Systematic screening for novel, serologically reactive Hepatitis E Virus epitopes

Background: The National Institutes of Health classified Hepatitis E as an emerging disease since Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is the major cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries. Interestingly, an increasing number of sporadic cases of HEV infections are described in industrialized countries as zoonosis from domestic livestock. Despite the increasing relevance of this pathogen in clinical virology, commercial antibody assays are mainly based on fragments of HEV open reading frame (ORF) 2 and ORF3. The largest ORF1 (poly-)protein, however, is not part of current testing formats. Methods: From a synthesized full length HEV genotype 1 cDNA-bank we constructed a complete HEV gene library consisting of 15 respective HEV ORF domains. After bacterial expression and purification of nine recombinant HEV proteins under denaturating conditions serum profiling experiments using 55 sera from patients with known infection status were performed in microarray format. SPSS software assessed the antigenic potential of these nine ORF domains in comparison to seven commercial HEV antigens (genotype 1 and 3) by performing receiver operator characteristics, logistic regression and correlation analysis. Results: HEV antigens produced with our method for serum profiling experiments exhibit the same quality and characteristics as commercial antigens. Serum profiling experiments detected Y, V and X domains as ORF1-antigens

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
?먭턿???멸났?섏젙 ?쒖닠??諛쏆? 怨좊졊 ?쒖엫?ъ꽦怨?鍮꾧퀬???쒖엫?ъ꽦?먯꽌???꾩떊?깃났 ?뺣쪧 諛??곹뼢 ?붿씤??鍮꾧탳: 2016??蹂댁“?앹떇??援??吏?먯궗?낃린以

Purpose: : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrauterine insemination (IUI) success rate and to define the variables for predicting...

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Origin of lingual proprioceptive afferents in Japanese monkey, M. fuscata fuscata. Studied by HRP-labeling technique.

The peripheral course of the axon of the lingual proprioceptive neurons in 5 Japanese monkeys was studied by injecting HRP into the distal part of the hypoglossal nerve through the proximal stump. The present authors confirmed that the HRP-labeled cell bodies appeared ipsilaterally in the C2, C3 and C4 spinal ganglia. The afferents to the C2, C3 and C4 ganglia pass through the ansa hypoglossi and direct neuronal anastomosis existing between the first cervical nerve and the hypoglossal nerve. It was confirmed that in the Japanese monkey, having abundant muscle spindles in the tongue, the lingual proprioceptive neuron soma exist in the C2, C3 and C4 spinal ganglia, their peripheral axons passing through the ansa hypoglossi and the direct neuronal anastomosis.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pengaruh Customer Perceived Value, Brand Awareness, Dan Store Atmosphere Terhadap Customer Purchase Intention Koi Thé Bubble Tea Di Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara nilai yang dipersepsi konsumen, kesadaran merek, dan suasana toko terhadap niat beli konsumen di KOI The Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam pe- nelitian ini menggunakan rancangan sampel nonprobabilitas. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 272 konsumen yang pernah membeli KOI The bubble tea minimal satu kali. Teknik ana- lisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Ha- sil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai yang dipersepsi kon- sumen, kesadaran merek dan suasana toko berpengaruh posi- tif terhadap niat beli konsumen di KOI The Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Globalization

It is extremely difficult to penetrate hype surrounding term globalization, but, whether it is viewed as a panacea or demonized as source of all our evils, we need to try to do so (see Scholte, 1996). In a relatively short period of time, term has spread across academic disciplines, spawned multiple research centers, and generated a vigorous countermovement. It is most labile (as psychoanalysts would put it) of terms-fluid and slippery in its meaning and political implications. As a starting point I believe we could do worse than start with Daniel Drache's (1999: 7) (slightly?) tonguein-cheek conclusion that the simple truth is that one-third of globalisation narrative is oversold, one-third we do not understand because it is a process unfolding, and one-third is radically new. As debate on globalization moves beyond early polemical or wide-eyed assertions of its novelty, there seem to be three basic positions in contention: (1) globalist, which sees process as inevitable and irresistible by old national order; (2) traditionalist, which refuses to accept novelty of process and clings to nation-state; and (3) transformationalist, which sees a significant shift at global level but questions its scope and inevitability (see Held, 2000: 22-23). This triad is not too forced and is certainly an improvement on earlier polarization of positions. Most observers now accept time-space compression (Harvey, 1989) aspect of globalization and notion that social relations have become stretched across nation-state boundaries. There has been an intensification of cross-border flows in eco-

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Measurement of Saliva and Tongue Coating pH in Patients with Physiological Halitosis before and after Using Selected Mouthwashes

Abstract. To analyze saliva and tongue coating pH in healthy patients with physiological halitosis before and after usage of 5 different types of mouthwash available in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among preclinical IIUM dental students aged 18 to 21 years old. Organoleptic evaluation was conducted by the operator to rank their organoleptic score followed by self-assessment by the participants. Saliva and tongue coating pH we measured respectively beforehand, immediately after and 30 minutes after rinsing with 5 different mouthwashes using a digital pH meter and pH strip indicator respectively; 100 participants were assigned into 5 groups, with 20 samples for each brand. Intraclass correlation coefficient between examiners ranged from 0.76-1.0. Data were analyzed statistically by repeated measure ANOVA test for each brand of mouthwash. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) + test was also used to statistically analyze different pH trends among the five brands of mouthwashes. Significant increase of salivary pH was observed after using MW2 (p&lt;0.001) and MW4 (p=0.015). Significant reduction in salivary pH was observed when using MW5 (p=0.001). For tongue coating pH, significant reduction was observed after using MW2 (p&lt;0.0010), MW3 (p=0.012), and MW4 (p=0.001). However, there was a significant increase in tongue coating pH after using MW5 (p=0.0125). Rinsing with mouthwashes MW2, MW3 and MW4 decreased tongue coating pH, which leads to reduced physiological halitosis

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Dietary pattern with high dairy intake is associated with linear growth in Peruvian infants

Post‐natal linear growth faltering is a multi‐factorial process that is affected by children's diet and infectious exposures. Little research has documented how young children's dietary patterns are related to growth, so we reanalyzed previously collected data from young children in Trujillo, Peru to assess these relationships. Dietary intakes of children 6–8 months of age at baseline were assessed prior to and at the mid‐point of a 6‐month zinc supplementation trial [Brown, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2007].Food and breast milk intakes were assessed by direct observation and weighing for 1–2 days at each time. The intakes at the mid‐point when children were 9–11 months of age were used for these analyses, as all children were consuming complementary foods by this age. Dietary pattern factors, with energy from 14 food groups as inputs, were derived by principal components analysis with orthogonal transformation. Linear growth was assessed at baseline and 6‐months. A linear regression model with the change in length‐for‐age z‐score (DLAZ) as the outcome was used with all derived dietary factors entered as independent variables along with covariates including initial LAZ, age, gender, intervention group, low maternal height (&lt;145 cm), persistent diarrhea episodes, an index of socioeconomic status, and total energy. The mean DLAZ was −0.11 (0.41 SD).Five dietary patterns were derived that explained 54% of the variation in the intakes, with the greatest proportions of variation being explained by a ‘potato, meat, vegetable’ pattern (14%) and a ‘dairy’ pattern (12%).The dairy pattern score was positively associated with DLAZ (p=0.008). None of the other dietary patterns were significantly associated with DLAZ. Higher socioeconomic status was also associated with greater DLAZ (p=&lt;0.0001). DLAZ was lower among children whose mothers had low height (p=0.03). While breastfeeding throughout the first year of life is important for young children's healthy growth, the introduction of animal source foods, such as dairy products, to children's diets is important given their nutrient profile that includes high quality protein, bioavailable micronutrients and possibly other bioactive components that are essential for growth. The importance of dietary quality and the multiplicity of nutrient factors in foods should be recognized in efforts to reduce linear growth faltering globally. Support or Funding Information Funded by the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation grant # OPP1112895

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>The Civil Wars after 1660: Public Remembering in Late Stuart England</i>, by Matthew Neufeld

The Civil Wars after 1660: Public Remembering in Late Stuart England, by Matthew Neufeld. Woodbridge and Rochester, The Boydell Press, 2013. xiv, 284 pp. $99.00 US (cloth). This is an enterprising addition to a burgeoning field. There has been, at least since the 1970s, an ever-growing study in how the English civil wars were remembered and debated in the half century after they ended (with the Restoration of the monarchy in May 1660) and indeed in the Victorian age, both representing prisms through which we still read this central episode in English and British History. Most attention has been focused on the publication, often in severely and revealingly bowdlerised forms, of the memoirs and diaries of both principal and peripheral actors, and several books have been devoted to the way the central figure of Oliver Cromwell was memorialized--more demonized than sanctified in the late seventeenth century, the reverse from the 1840s on. Neufeld engages with these literatures and has new things to say about the canonical texts. His discussion of the prefaces written by Henry Hyde, earl of Rochester, to the first edition of his father's History of the Great Rebellion is a case in point. But he is even more interesting in his close encounter with much less familiar material such as the hundreds of petitions written by war veterans seeking disability pensions in the Restoration, or the sermons preached annually on 29 May--the day on which Charles II entered London to reclaim his throne in 1660 (and also, as it happens) his birthday--not only in Charles II's reign but right down to the Hanoverian succession in 1714. What would have been an equally innovative chapter on how the Anglican clergyman John Walker sent out questionnaires to every parish so as to chronicle and gloss the sufferings of the clergy for Church and King in the 1660s and which he finally published in 1714 has been somewhat overtaken by the publication of a monograph on the subject (Fiona McCall, Baal's Priests, Famham, 2013), although Neufeld is still well worth reading on the subject. His central thesis is that public remembering of the civil wars and interregnum after 1660 was concerned with re-fighting the old struggle, but rather commending and justifying, or contesting and attacking, the Restoration settlements that underlay the Anglican confessional state (emphasis mine, p. 2). The phrase not ultimately is a bit careless here and Neufeld needed to tread more carefully. I do doubt that he is on to something important and well worth saying, and indeed perhaps the most compelling parts of his analysis come in the chapters covering the period after 1689--for example the chapter devoted to a wholly new analysis of 29 May day sermons shows no decline in the incidence or polemical clout of those sermons right down to the Hanoverian succession. …

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 2206117: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of a pre-reckoning algorithm for distributed virtual environments

The recently introduced pre-reckoning algorithm is an alternative to the traditional dead reckoning algorithm used in DIS-compliant distributed virtual environments. Before the algorithm can be applied to distributed virtual environments, a detailed evaluation is needed. The pre-reckoning algorithm and the general dead reckoning algorithm are implemented within a simple distributed virtual environment system - CUBE. A comparison between the two algorithms is provided and the evaluation of performance and accuracy of two algorithms is presented. The results indicate that the pre-reckoning algorithm achieves a much more accurate model of the actual trajectory of an entity controlled by a remote host than the general dead reckoning algorithm. Moreover, the pre-reckoning algorithm improves accuracy while generating fewer state update packets. Based on the demonstrated performance, the pre-reckoning has a potential to improve scalability of distributed virtual environments and enhance consistency of users' view of the dynamic shared state.

Topic: Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Right Lower Limb Injury - Football

HISTORY: 18 y/o college linebacker with prior history of bilateral shoulder dislocations sustained a right lower limb injury while defending a pass. After successfully deflecting a pass he landed on his plantar flexed/inverted right foot. His medial foot was then struck by a teammate’s helmet at high velocity, forcing it into eversion. He went down immediately in obvious distress. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Obvious closed deformity of the distal fibula, prominence of the anterior tibial plafond/medial malleolus, excessive external rotation of the foot. Dorsalis pedis was not palpable. Light touch sensation to the dorsal/pedal foot remained intact. Edema was expanding acutely at/distal to the ankle. 5/5 dig 1-5 flexion/extension was noted. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Bi/Tri Malleolar Fracture/Syndesmosis Tear/Ankle Dislocation 2. Fibula Fracture/Syndesmosis Tear/Subtalar Dislocation 3. Fibula Fracture/Syndesmosis Tear/Deltoid Ligament Tear TEST AND RESULTS: XR TIBIA/FIBULA: 10/20/14, 10:27pm Fracture distal fibula with angulation laterally, fracture posterior malleolus displaced posteriorly, lateral dislocation talus. XR TIBIA/FIBULA: 10/21/14, 12:23am Successful reduction of the fracture/dislocation at the tibiotalar joint. Markedly improved alignment of fibular fracture. Asymmetric widening of the medial mortise. Posterior malleolar fracture displaced posteriorly 6 mm. PRE-OPERATIVE FLOROSCOPIC EXAM: 10/24/14, 12:16pm Displaced/shortened fracture distal fibula with lateral angulation and comminuted distal aspect. Passive dorsiflexion induced widening of the medial mortise from approximately 6 mm (at neutral) to approximately 10mm. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Right tri-malleolar ankle fracture/dislocation with distal tibiofibular dysfunction. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: 1. Ankle reduced on the field, dorsalis pedis palpable immediately thereafter. 2. EMS contacted immediately, vacume air splint placed on the field, patient transferred to local ED emergently. 3. Pulses remained palpable, yet due to unstable mortis ankle required re-reduction and solid splinting in the ED. 4. 4 days later ORIF of distal fibula & tibiofibular joint performed. 5. The patient was placed in a knee high boot and will continue as NWB with crutches x 6 weeks. ROM therapies initiated immediately.

Topic: Sports injuries and prevention
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences