jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Light utilization efficiency and quantum yield of phytoplankton in a thermally stratified sea1

Light utilization efficiency and quantum yield of phytoplankton in a thermally stratified temperate sea were evaluated. Underwater spectral irradiance was measured with a specially designed underwater irradiance meter and the specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton was determined by a modified opal glass method. The light utilization efficiency of phytoplankton at each depth was derived from photosynthetically fixed energy divided by the energy penetrating into that depth, and quantum yield was estimated from photosynthetic rate divided by quanta absorbed by phytoplankton. Vertical profiles of in situ photosynthetic rates per unit volume of water showed two peaks, the first at the depth of about 30% light level (ca. 45,000 cal m −2 h −1 ) and the second at the depth of about 1.5% light level (ca. 2,500 cal m −2 h −1 ) with about the same rates. The light utilization efficiency was about 0.5% at the first peak and 5% at the second. The quantum yield was about 0.02 mol C Einst −1 at the surface peak and 0.1 at the subsurface peak. The latter value was nearly the same as the maximum yield reported from culture experiments.

Topic: Marine and coastal ecosystems
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stem Cells: An Emerging Field for Medicine

The concept of a stem cell as a progenitor cell from which all specialised cells are derived has been in existence for some 150 years. During the latter decades of the 20th century the concept became a reality, when embryonal carcinoma cells, embryonic stem cells, haematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells were all isolated and characterised. A great deal has been understood in recent years concerning the self-renewal and regulation of differentiation of stem cells. When it became clear that stem cells could be cultured in the laboratory and induced to differentiate into selected tissue-specific cells, it was quickly recognised that their therapeutic potential should be explored. It was the hope of many that tissues, injured as a result of trauma or disease, could be regenerated and their function restored. Following the amazing precedent set by bone marrow transplant it was assumed that many intractable diseases would now yield to stem cell therapy. Much effort has been made in evaluating the therapeutic utility of stem cell therapy, but for many diseases a definitive and unambiguous outcome has not yet been seen. This chapter describes the history of discovery of stem cells and the efforts that have been made to explore their use as a new medicine.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Law and Justice in Australia: Room for Improvement

The life and contribution of Federal Attorney-General Michael Lavanch to the field of Australian law and justice and his appointment as the Dean of the Law School of Queensland University of Technology is discussed. The need to understand that law is a vocation committed to justice and not just an ordinary occupation or a mechanical job is highlighted.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Makrozoobenthos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Sungai Paneki Desa Pombewe Kabupaten Sigi

Water is a source of life for humans. The need for water often makes humans unaware that their activities can trigger the entry of pollutants into water bodies. These pollutants can degrade river water quality. Water quality refers to the condition of water based on its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Water quality can be analyzed based on the presence of aquatic organisms intolerant to pollutants. The objective of this study is to describe the water quality of Paneki River based on the presence of Macrozoobenthos organisms as water bioindicators. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a line transect sampling technique at three purposively selected stations. The results showed that Macrozoobenthos found belonged to 11 families: Gecarcinucidae, Coenagrionidae, Baetidae, Physidae, Hydropsychidae, Heptageniidae, Gomphidae, Lumbricidae, Palaemonidae, Philopotamidae, and Naucoridae. The calculation of water quality analysis based on the Family Biotic Index at station I was 4.07, and station II was 4.09, indicating both stations are classified as excellent water quality with slight pollution from organic matter. Station III scored 4.42, classified as good water quality with some pollution from organic matter.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Measuring Urban Metrics of Creativity Using a Grid-Based Geographically Weighted Regression Model

Recent urban studies have recognized cities as epicenters of a rapid rise in the creative industries and the creative class. Nevertheless, the relationship between urban spaces and creative industries has yet to be fully understood. This is especially true in places in the emerging world such as China, where the social context is different from that in developed countries. This paper attempts to measure urban metrics of creativity in the city of Nanjing, China, by establishing grid-based spatial regression models. A variety of location factors regarded as crucial for the development of creative industries by previous studies are investigated, including heritage sites, landscape amenities, universities, nightlife, and catering places, as well as public transport. The results suggest that these urban metrics of creativity bear a significant explanatory power for the location choice of creative enterprises in Nanjing, according to both ordinary least-squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). In fact, results for GWR are significantly stronger than for OLS. Meanwhile, great spatial variations are observed across these variables in the grid-based GWR model. That is, a high significance is found in downtown and highly urbanized areas for the factors of heritage sites, nightlife areas, and universities, whereas the other factors (e.g., landscape amenities) are relevant only in specific locations in the suburban areas of Nanjing. This study thus proves that spatial regression models are more applicable for measuring urban metrics of creativity than conventional economic models are. This paper also bears some implications for urban policy of creative city strategy.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Florida: a case report and epidemiological review of Florida cases.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but nearly always fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by the thermophilic, free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. Since its first description in 1965 through 2010, 118 cases have been reported in the U.S.; all cases are related to environmental exposure to warm freshwater; most have occurred in children and adolescents and are associated with recreational water activities, such as swimming, diving, or playing in freshwater lakes, ponds, or rivers. Over one-fourth of all national PAM cases have occurred in Florida. The authors describe here a fatal case of PAM in a resident of northeast Florida and the ensuing environmental and public health investigation; they also provide a review of all cases of PAM in Florida from 1962 to 2010 and discuss public health responses to PAM in Florida, highlighting opportunities for positive collaboration between state and local environmental health specialists, epidemiologists, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Downloaded from

The design, control and performance of the Cobotic Hand Controller, a novel, six-degree-of-freedom, admittance controlled haptic display is examined. A highly geared admittance architecture is often used to render high impedances with reasonable sized actuators for a haptic display. The Cobotic Hand Controller is an extremely faithful realization of an admittance display, since it is capable of obtaining an infinite gear ratio and can render infinite impedances (up to its own structural stiffness). The incorporation of continuously variable transmissions utilizing hardened steel elements in dry-friction rolling contact provide the Cobotic Hand Controller with high bandwidth, low power requirements, and an extremely wide stable dynamic range. Here, an admittance based control algorithm for powered cobots, a novel solution to the actuation redundancy of this device, and a heuristic to avoid slip in the transmissions are described. The

Topic: Teleoperation and Haptic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of extraction and rubber purity on the stress relaxation of dicumyl peroxide vulcanizates

Abstract The oxidative stress relaxation of peroxide vulcanizates of various grades of natural rubber has been investigated at 100°C. The rubbers were examined both with and without hot acetone extraction before or after cure. Highly purified rubber vulcanizates exhibited autocatalytic relaxation, but those based on crêpe or smoked sheet did not, because they retained natural antioxidant even after extraction. Autocatalysis was no longer found in extracted purified rubber vulcanizates if these were prepared from a mix containing phenyl‐β‐naphthylamine. The presence of such an antioxidant reduced network scission but had less effect upon the amount of crosslinking taking place during aging.

Topic: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
424 School Re-entry Presentations - A Faculty and Staff Perspective

Since 1984, our school re-entry program has been offered to patients who will benefit from support and assistance through their transition back to the classroom following a burn injury. School re-entry services include telephone communications, written materials and/or presentations to faculty, staff and students in the school setting. The level of services provided is based on the extent of injury, patient and family interest, and school receptiveness. Typically, the presentation is offered on the day the child returns to school or the day prior to the return. The goal is to provide information related to the injury/hospitalization, the recovery process and the expectations of the child’s return to school. The purpose of this study was to determine if school administration and teachers found the information provided during the school re-entry presentation to be meaningful, age-appropriate, and if it adequately addressed the physical and emotional aspects of burn recovery. Surveys and a self-addressed stamped envelope were given to the school staff at the completion of each school re-entry presentation during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 academic years. The survey used a numerical rating system of 1 (poor) - 4 (excellent) and 5 (N/A), to measure the quality/usefulness of the faculty presentations, school assembly and/or individual classroom presentations, and the printed and/or visual aids. Of the 31 school re-entry presentations, there were 17 surveys returned to the hospital. Of those who responded, 64.7% of respondents were elementary school teachers while 35.3% were pre-school teachers. Overall, 85.4% of the responses were “excellent”, 6.32% were “good” and 0.44% were “fair”. In all, there were just two “fair” responses and that was in regard to the information being presented at the students’ level of comprehension. The survey results indicate that the teachers and school administrators find value in the information presented prior to a burn injured child’s return to school. While it is assumed that this facilitates a smooth transition, additional research would be beneficial to determine the child’s and family’s perception of the presentation and the school’s assessment of how useful the program is following the child’s transition back to school and through the remainder of the academic year. It is clear that providing on-site school re-entry education, support and resources to the teachers, faculty and staff increases the comfort and confidence in welcoming the child back into the classroom following a burn injury.

Topic: Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Discrete, continuous, and stochastic models of protein sorting in the Golgi apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in processing and sorting proteins and lipids in eukaryotic cells. Golgi compartments constantly exchange material with each other and with other cellular components, allowing them to maintain and reform distinct identities despite dramatic changes in structure and size during cell division, development, and osmotic stress. We have developed three minimal models of membrane and protein exchange in the Golgi-a discrete, stochastic model, a continuous ordinary differential equation model, and a continuous stochastic differential equation model-each based on two fundamental mechanisms: vesicle-coat-mediated selective concentration of cargoes and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins during vesicle formation and SNARE-mediated selective fusion of vesicles. By exploring where the models differ, we hope to discover whether the discrete, stochastic nature of vesicle-mediated transport is likely to have appreciable functional consequences for the Golgi. All three models show similar ability to restore and maintain distinct identities over broad parameter ranges. They diverge, however, in conditions corresponding to collapse and reassembly of the Golgi. The results suggest that a continuum model provides a good description of Golgi maintenance but that considering the discrete nature of vesicle-based traffic is important to understanding assembly and disassembly of the Golgi. Experimental analysis validates a prediction of the models that altering guanine nucleotide exchange factor expression levels will modulate Golgi size.

Topic: Cellular transport and secretion
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supported Self-Management as a Tool to Combat Chronic Conditions in Brazilian Primary Health Care Context

INon-communicable diseases are a serious public health problem, responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide.The Brazilian model of attention to chronic conditions was one of the strategies developed to qualify the attention care within the scope of a public health service, in which it recommends the reorientation of the care from a prescribed attention centered in the disease to a collaborative attention centered in the person.Supported self-management is one of the pillars of this model.It corresponds to the systematic provision of educational services and support interventions aimed at empowering the user to monitoring their own care.However, the implementation of this tool is still incipient, despite the promising results.Health professionals and managers need to be opened up to this new proposal of attention in order to break with the biomedical model and favor greater access to the population, which may imply better health outcomes.

Topic: Health, Nursing, Elderly Care
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of arsenic and its controlling factors in aquifer sands of district Samastipur, Bihar, India

A set of 96 water samples from shallow tubewells and 14 sediment samples from Samas- tipur district to know the level of arsenic (As) and its controlling factors were analyzed. Groundwater samples were collected from tubewells of different depths, and a wide range of concentrations in the range 0.19-135 μg L −1 was found. Scanning electron micrograph study of the sediments shows intense chemi- cal weathering. Present study also support reductive dissolution of FeOOH triggered by organic matter oxidation as an As mobility factor in the aquifer sands. community development blocks. The district is linked with Budhi Gandak in the northeast side and Ganga with the southwest side. The district is peneplain, intersected by numerous streams like Budhi Gandak, Baya Nadi and Balan Nadi, etc. The southwestern monsoon brings much needed rainfall, and nearly 70% of the precipitation occurs during the months of July to September. The mean annual temperature lies between 24-26 °C (Kumar et al., 2010). Seven blocks, affected by high As con- tent (Dal Singh Sarai, Vidhyapati Nagar, Mohiud- din Nagar, Mohanpur, Patory, Ujiyarpur, Sarai Ranjan), from the Samastipur district of Bihar, were selected for the proposed research work.

Topic: Arsenic contamination and mitigation
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS’ AGENCY IN CAPITALIST PRODUCTION IN CHINA

China’s recent economic success largely depends on making more than 100 million rural migrants work in the “world’s factory”. This dissertation investigates why rural migrants work in factories under unappealing conditions from their subjective perspectives. While the literature emphasizes state repression and factory management control, this dissertation proposes that rural migrant workers approach factory work through complicated agency, with agency being defined as the ideas, thoughts, considerations, perceptions, and plans that rural migrant workers bring to factory work. Based on ten months of ethnography in two small manufacturing factories in East China that hired approximately 160 rural migrant workers, this dissertation discusses how the rural migrant workers participated in factory production with thoughts and values that had developed from various sources in their general social lives. The findings have implications for studying and theorizing capital-labor relations in particular and power relations involving domination and exploitation in general.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
H.264/AVC Fractional Motion Estimation Engine with Computation Reusing in HDTV1080P Real-Time Encoding Applications

H.264/AVC fractional motion estimation (FME) engine for HDTV1080p is proposed in this paper. In order to provide real-time processing capability with reasonable hardware cost, several techniques have been presented. Firstly, the H.264/AVC is optimized and only 1 reference frame and block modes above 8 × 8 are supported. Therefore, the computation is reduced to 11.4% and the PSNR loss is only 0.1dB. Secondly, the lossless inside-mode and cross-mode reusing techniques are adopted, which can reduce about 65% pixel generation and SATD calculation. Thirdly, the lossless optimized FME scheduling is used to remove the pipeline bubbles between adjacent 1/2-pel and 1/4-pel FME. The proposed FME engine is realized with TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology and costs 203.2K gates and 52.8KB SRAM. Under 200MHz frequency, the proposed FME engine can real-time encode HDTV1080p at 30fps with 236mW power cost.

Topic: Video Coding and Compression Technologies
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental analysis of human lumbar vertebrae during prolonged distance driving

Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period. Inexpensive vehicles have a low system of absorbers such that the person behind the wheel and the passenger will experience pain in their back. This is mainly caused by several factors, such as the condition of the road, the performance of the absorber system of the vehicle and also the condition of the person inside the vehicle itself. This paper will discuss the factor that can be prevented and optimized to reduce whole-body vibration that might lead to fatigue.

Topic: Effects of Vibration on Health
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supply chain flexibility

Purpose The conceptualization of flexibility in organizations historically emerged from three views which relate to economic, to organizational and to manufacturing perspectives. Despite the growing number of publications about supply chain flexibility in the area of supply chain management, there is a lack of consensus on how to define and to conceptualize supply chain flexibility from a management point of view. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the literature on the supply chain flexibility perspective and contributes to our understanding of the current state of research and its future development. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology used is the systematic literature review. In total 92 articles were selected from databases of well-known journal publishers in the field of economics, business studies and management sciences as well as grey literature to cover the topic of supply chain flexibility. Findings A limited number of studies in the field of supply chain flexibility apply theories and define the term supply chain flexibility. Instead they focus on a particular part or dimension of the supply chain. Based on the analysis, a distinction is made between flexibility in the supply chain and supply chain flexibility. Based on the function and characteristics of the supply chain, the authors selected 30 flexibility dimensions that cover supply chain flexibility by concentrating on the different business areas involved. Research limitations/implications The results support researchers and practitioners by identifying relevant trends and gaps in the field of supply chain flexibility. Originality/value The authors review the dimensions and aspects of supply chain flexibility that are currently taken into account in the literature. In this way, the authors provide an overarching perspective on the flexibility literature relating to supply chains.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences