jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults].

We describe a case of adult staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in a 91-year-old woman. The patient had a Staphylococcus aureus infection in her right ear with redness and yellow secretion. A few days later she developed Nikolsky sign-positive tender enlarged flaccid bullae involving most parts of her body. The bullae ruptured easily and left a erythematous base. The histopathological changes were characteristic for adult SSSS. The patient was well-treated with intravenous dicloxacillin, topical antibiotic and antiseptic treatment. The patient had marked thrombocytosis, but no interest in further examination.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Entinostat Converts Immune-Resistant Breast and Pancreatic Cancers into Checkpoint-Responsive Tumors by Reprogramming Tumor-Infiltrating MDSCs

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized treatment in cancers that are naturally immunogenic by enabling infiltration of T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promoting cytotoxic signaling pathways. Tumors possessing complex immunosuppressive TMEs such as breast and pancreatic cancers present unique therapeutic obstacles as response rates to ICI remain low. Such tumors often recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whose functioning prohibits both T-cell activation and infiltration. We attempted to sensitize these tumors to ICI using epigenetic modulation to target MDSC trafficking and function to foster a less immunosuppressive TME. We showed that combining a histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat (ENT), with anti–PD-1, anti–CTLA-4, or both significantly improved tumor-free survival in both the HER2/neu transgenic breast cancer and the Panc02 metastatic pancreatic cancer mouse models. Using flow cytometry, gene-expression profiling, and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; functional assays, we characterized populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and MDSCs, as well as their functional capabilities. We showed that addition of ENT to checkpoint inhibition led to significantly decreased suppression by granulocytic MDSCs in the TME of both tumor types. We also demonstrated an increase in activated granzyme-B–producing CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T effector cells in mice treated with combination therapy. Gene-expression profiling of both MDSCs and TILs identified significant changes in immune-related pathways. In summary, addition of ENT to ICI significantly altered infiltration and function of innate immune cells, allowing for a more robust adaptive immune response. These findings provide a rationale for combination therapy in patients with immune-resistant tumors, including breast and pancreatic cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Flash Cooling Protein Crystals: Estimate of Cryoprotectant Concentration Using Thermal Properties

X-ray diffraction from protein crystals is routinely measured at cryogenic temperatures, primarily to minimize radiation damage. Protein crystals and the surrounding mother liquor have high water content, which can lead to ice formation when samples are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Cryoprotectants are added to the aqueous mother liquor solutions to achieve both vitreous water and to retain protein crystal integrity. Finding a minimum cryoprotectant concentration to avoid ice formation is a trial and error procedure, and valuable crystals are often lost in this exercise. To minimize crystal loss, a predictive algorithm for estimation of cryoprotectant concentration requirements for successful flash cooling was developed based on heat transfer analysis and thermal properties of cryoprotectant solutions. These thermal properties such as glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and specific heat capacity were measured and modeled for aqueous glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions, and ternary mixtures of glycerol−salt−water. The minimum amounts of cryoprotectant required for successful flash cooling in samples of varying size were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, and a target cooling time for sample vitrification was identified. A predictive heat transfer analysis and property algorithm for cryoprotectant requirements was verified for neutron diffraction sized crystals of d-xylose isomerase and &lt;i&gt;Aeropyrum pernix&lt;/i&gt; flap endonuclease 1.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SPECT/CT correlation of morphology and metabolism in facet joint

1976 Objectives Evidence on the correlation between CT morphology and bone metabolism in the facet joint (FJ) is scarce. We analyzed this correlation in 28 patients suffering from lower back pain using skeletal SPECT/CT. Methods In 28 patients, SPECT/low-dose CT datasets of the lumbar spine were acquired using a Symbia T6 hybrid camera (Siemens Healthcare) 3-4 h p.i. of 7 MBq (2 mCi)/kg body weight Tc-99m-DPD. In a semi-quantitative approach, the bone metabolism of the lumbar segments was calculated as the ratio between maximal tracer uptake in the FJ and mean uptake in the sacrum (QSPECT). In addition, FJ DPD uptake and CT morphology changes indicative of FJ arthritis were visually evaluated on four-point scales (VSPECT and VCT). The analysis was repeated and intra-observer reproducibility calculated (IR; Spearmans correlation coefficients). The mean value of VSPECT and VCT analyses was calculated and used to classify the qualitative findings as physiological (values 1.5). Results The IRs were 0.95 for QSPECT, 0.85 for VSPECT, and 0.64 for VCT. VCT correlated significantly with VSPECT (r = 0,43, p Conclusions Despite significant correlation between metabolism and morphology in FJs in patients with lower back pain, discrepant results were found in 34% of the joints studied. Isolated morphological changes could be interpreted as inactive osteoarthritis (late stage). Isolated increase of DPD uptake might correspond to early-stage FJ osteoarthritis preceding structural alterations. However, both of these hypotheses should be confirmed in future prospective clinical studies. The semi-quantitative approach achieved a considerable higher reproducibility and thus might be more reliable compared to qualitative techniques.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and therapeutic delivery approaches for praziquantel: a patent review (2010-present)

: Lipid-based nanosystems (LBNSs) formulations can be used to overcome the shortcomings associated with the use of praziquantel in the schistosomiasis treatment due to their amphipathic nature. This could be a promising vehicle for the delivery of praziquantel, which could in turn improve the bioavailability, as well as reduce the frequent dose of the drug and improve patient compliance. This may sustain the release of the drug and improve the rapid conversion of the drug into inactive metabolite due to rapid metabolism. Additionally, LBNSs approach could increase and improve the lipophilicity of the drug, which could make it easier to interact with the hydrophobic cores of the worm tegument.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Positivity of Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2 With Serial Followed-up Nasopharyngeal Swabs in Hospitalized Patients due to COVID-19

Despite the accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), rapid antigen tests (RATs) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are widely used as point-of-care tests. A total of 282 pairs of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Standard Q COVID-19 Ag tests were serially conducted for 68 patients every 3-4 days until their discharge. Through a field evaluation of RATs using direct nasopharyngeal swabs, the sensitivities were 84.6% and 87.3% for <i>E</i> and <i>RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</i> (<i>RdRp</i>) genes, respectively, for specimens with cycle thresholds (Cts) < 25. The Ct values of <i>E</i> and <i>RdRp</i> genes for 95% detection rates by RATs were 16.9 and 18.1, respectively. The sensitivity of RAT was 48.4% after the onset of symptoms, which was not sufficient. RAT positivity gradually decreased with increased time after symptom onset and had continuously lower sensitivity than NAATs.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant of Seaweed Tea Padina Australis

seaweed contains bioactive compounds that can be used to support human health. One of the seaweeds that are widely found in Indonesia is seaweed / brown algae. An example of brown algae, one of which is Padina australis. Padina australis is a seaweed that contains many bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and antioxidants. However, Padina australis is not widely applied and used in processed food products. So in seaweed research, Padina australis is used as seaweed tea. In this study, Padina australis seaweed tea was carried out the difference in length of immersion with hot water and the treatment of immersion time is 0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. The bioactive compounds studied are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the difference in immersion time there are bioactive components in the form of phytomias contained in Padina australis tea, among others: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in each treatment (0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes). In the test the highest antioxidant activity on P4 treatment (15 minutes) was 47.7% and for the lowest on treatment P2 (5 minutes) by 44.8%.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sodium‐Calcium exchange: A possible target for drug development

Abstract The Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange system is a carrier‐mediated transport process which couples the transmembrane movement of Ca 2+ ions to the movement of Na + ions in the opposite direction. It functions primarily as a Ca 2+ extrusion process in cardiac cells and is thought to be an important mechanism for altering myocardial contractility through changes in intracellular [Na + ]. We khave investigated the properties of the cardiac Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange system using a subcellular preparation of membrane vesicles derived from the cardiac sarcolemma. Vesicle studies have been useful in investigating the kinetics of Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange activity and in establishin the stoichiometry of the exchange process as 3 Na + per Ca 2+ . The kinetec results are most easily interpreted in terms of a model for the Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange carrier which features two types of cation binding sites: a divalent site for which Ca 2+ and 1‐2 Na + ions compete and a second, monovalent site which binds the third Na + involved in Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange. Na + ‐Ca 2+ exchange activity in vesicles is stimulated by a variety of agents or treatments, including limited proteolysis, phospholipase treatment, redox reagents, anionic amphiphiles, and intravesicular Ca 2+ , all of which lower the apparent K m for Ca 2+ . The physiological significance of these modes of regulation of exchange activity is at present uncertain. Progress in identifying and purifying the exchange carrier has been hampered by the lack of specific high‐affinity probes that could be used in labelling studies. Indirect estimates of the number of exchange carriers in sarcolemmal vesicles suggest that there are 10‐20 pmol of exchanger per mg of membrane protein and that the exchange system has a maximal turnover of approximately 10 3 sec −1 . Studies are under way in several laboratories to clone a cDNA for the exchange carrier using oocytes of Xenopus laevis as an expression system.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intrapartum posterior wall rupture in unscarred uterus during labour augmentation with oxytocin; a case report

Intrapartum rupture of unscarred uterus during labour augmentation is an exceedingly rare occurrence with very few case reports of this entity in the literature. We intend to report such case to highlight the importance of constant vigilance during oxytocin infusion even in patients with unscarred uterus. The 27 years old lady who had a previous normal vaginal delivery, came in early labour at term gestation. Augmentation of labour was done with oxytocin. After 30 mins of starting oxytocin patient complained of severe pain abdomen and on CTG fetal heart dropped to 70 bpm. Despite all measures fetal heart rate did not pick up and patient was taken up for cesarean section. Intraoperatively, posterior uterine wall ruptured was found with baby and placenta lying in the abdominal cavity. Baby had a low Apgar score and died on third day. Uterine rupture repair was done and patient was discharged on 5th postoperative day. Although oxytocin has excellent safety record in unscarred uterus, the possibility of rupture uterus should be kept in mind in relevant clinical scenario.

Topic: Pregnancy-related medical research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring an open, distributed multimedia framework to design and develop an adaptive middleware for interactive digital television systems

Interactive digital television systems should provide concepts of middleware for harmonizing and abstracting discrepancies related to hardware and operating systems issues. In such a context, this paper explores a framework for configuration and management of open, distributed multimedia systems with the purpose of designing and developing a component-based adaptive middleware for interactive digital television systems, which incorporates mechanisms for specification, configuration, management and reuse of resources and components.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE WAEA -- WHICH NICHE IN THE PROFESSION?

The Western Agricultural Economics Association has evolved though challenges that have had both regional and national dimensions. We continue to seek our niche in the profession. The challenge for both current and future leadership will be to rationalize the diversity of membership interests into a program which provides both challenge and sustenance for all member participants. The Association should give significant forethought to leading informed discussion and research on significant problems and issues of the West. We should continue to address these in our annual meetings and in our journal or alternative publications.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mortality events associated with microsporidian, <i>Spraguea</i> sp., in White Trevally culture in Japan

Abstract In 2021, White Trevally or Striped Jack cultured in the western part of Japan exhibited mild, but chronic mortalities from late September through early October. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 0.02% per a net pen containing approximately 50,000 fish. Although the cumulative mortality rate was not high, most of the fish in net pens showed characteristic gross signs and an abnormal swimming behaviour. The body of diseased fish became pale and the yellow lines on the lateral sides of fish body became darken. In addition, silver lines along the dorsal fin became apparent. Loss of schooling behaviour was noted during the mortality event. In addition, affected fish became lethargic and failed to swim against current, or frequently stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of net pens after feeding. The goal of this study was to identify the cause of the mortality event. To achieve the goal, we used histopathology and metatranscriptome analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that xenoma of microsporidian were frequently observed in the nerve axon in the brain and spinal cord. Spores observed in the sections were stained with a fluorescent dye, Uvitex 2B, indicating those spores are microsporidian. The data from metatranscriptome analysis indicated that the microsporidian is Spraguea sp. The microsporidian was frequently detected from diseased fish with similar symptoms collected in the same region, suggesting that the microsporidian was highly associated with abnormal swimming behaviour of fish.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Measuring Semantic Similarity between Named Entities by Searching the Web Directory

The importance of named entities in information retrieval and knowledge management has recently brought interest in characterizing semantic relationships between entities. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring semantic similarity, an important type of semantic relationship, between entities. The method is based on Google Directory, a search interface to the Open Directory Project. Via the search engine, we can locate the web pages relevant to an entity and automatically create a profile of the entity according to the directory assignments of its web pages, which capture various features of the entity. Using their profiles, the semantic similarity between entities can be measured in different dimensions. We apply the semantic similarity measurement to two knowledge acquisition tasks: thesaurus construction of entities and fine grained categorization of entities. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in these two tasks.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computer simulation of stone falls and rockfalls

The paper gives an overview of the literature on available computer (simulation) models of stone falls and rockfalls, divided into 2D and 3D models. 2D models consider single blocks in the rock-fall mass as lumped mass or a rigid body, and are used to assess the single rockfall runout distance. Opposed to the 2D models, 3D models are composed not only of a dispositional model (depicting rockfall source areas) and friction model (determination of deposition areas and maximum runout distances), but also from a trajectory model (determination of travel areas).

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on a full distributed redundant disk system

Based on DRD (Distributed Redundant Disk) concepts, a prototype of a full distributed redundant disk (FDRD) system is presented in this paper. After introducing some basic ideas of FDRD systems, it concentrates on discussing FDRD system design considerations, such as system structure, data distribution strategies and redundancy mechanisms, data block size choice and so on.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MSMEG_5850, a Stress-Induced TetR Protein, Involved in Global Transcription Regulation in <i>Mycobacterium Smegmatis</i>

<b>Aim:</b> To decipher the role of MSMEG_5850 in the physiology of mycobacteria. <b>Methods:</b> <i>MSMEG_5850</i> was knocked out and RNA sequencing was performed. MSMEG_5850 protein was purified from the <i>Escherichia coli</i> pET28a system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and size exclusion chromatography were used to determine the binding of MSMEG_5850 to its motif and binding stoichiometry. The effect of nutritional stress was monitored. <b>Results:</b> Transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of 148 genes in an <i>MSMEG_5850</i> knockout strain. MSMEG_5850 had control over 50 genes because those genes had a binding motif upstream of their sequence. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed MSMEG_5850 bound to its motif as a monomer. <i>MSMEG_5850</i> was upregulated under nutritional stress and promoted the survival of mycobacteria. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study confirms the role of MSMEG_5850 in global transcriptional regulation.

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cybernetics and systems, from past to future

The founders of cybernetics and systems are presented, among them N. Wiener, W.S. McCulloch and L. von Bertalanffy. Some precursors are cited from antiquity to 20th century. The basic concepts are exposed: feedback, quantity of information, requisite variety, homeostasis, local and global points of view, oprn systems, autopoiesis. The roles of the observer and of the actor are emphasized. Future is considered in three directions: development of epistemology and of praxiology, symbiosis of man and machine, role of requisite variety in the survival of mankind.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors

The ability of 32 younger (ages ranged from 19 to 32 years) and older adults (ages ranged from 65 to 83 years) to visually perceive outdoor distances was evaluated; we used the method of equal-appearing intervals. On any given trial, the observers adjusted five distance intervals in depth so that they all appeared equivalent in magnitude (and equal to a standard initial egocentric distance of 6 m). The judgments of approximately two thirds of the younger and older observers exhibited varying degrees of perceptual compression, while those of the remaining one third were essentially accurate. Unlike a number of previous studies that evaluated the perception of shorter distances, no significant effects of age were obtained in the current experiment. In particular, there were no significant effects of age upon either accuracy or precision. The ability of human observers to evaluate large-scale distances outdoors is well maintained with increasing age.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Intervention can help reduce risky sexual behavior.

The National Institute of Mental Health conducted the largest randomized, controlled, HIV behavioral intervention study ever conducted in the United States. The study involved 3,706 people attending 37 inner-city community-based clinics. The intervention consisted of seven 90- to 120-minute HIV risk-reduction educational sessions. Participants were at least 18 years old, and had engaged in risky sexual behavior within the previous 90 days. Participants were followed for 1 year after the intervention and reported significantly fewer unprotected sexual acts and more consistent condom use.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences