jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RESULTADOS DE LA DICTAMINACIÓN DE 213 PROYECTOS CREDITICIOS DE GANADERÍA DE CARNE

Credit is a fundamental input for production. One of its major limitations is default payments. Quality of credit portfolios is directly linked to the quality of the projects that are used to generate them. This study assesses the quality of a non probabilistic sample of 213 livestock projects to which credit was granted by a financial institution in 3 consecutive years. Between 15-20 projects where obtained in each of the 12 regional branches covering the national territory. Fifteen different types of deficiencies where found. The most frequent deficiencies found were: the use of nominal interest rates, (100%), omission to include production costs (44%) including incomes from other activities (43%), and high calving rates (25%). The number of deficiencies per type of project was of 5.5 in the case of enterprises dealing with double purpose production (beef-milk); 6.3 for cow-calf production, and 6.5 for pasture fattening. Results were highly significant for the deficiencies by branches and significant for type of project. No statistical differences were found in relation to the year of preparation. There are statistical differences (P&lt; 0.05) in deficiencies found between double purpose and cow-calf projects as well as between double purpose and pasture fattening. The exaggerated frequency of deficiencies, together with the fact that they were not detected by regular institutional supervision mechanisms, shows an obvious failure of these mechanisms but more over, it shows the possibility that these deficiencies are considered by the institution as “accepted problems” or “understood values”, since there are other priorities regarding credit policies such as use of nominal interests rates, short amortization periods, etc.

Topic: Business, Education, Mathematics Research
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
K.M. Varma: Nāṭya, nṛtta and nṛtya: their meaning and relation. xiii, 86 pp. Calcutta, etc.: Orient Longmans, 1957. RS.3.

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Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of the Principal Component Combining with Weight Estimation for DPSK Signals

We analyze the principal component combining with differential detection (PCC-DD) with weight estimation for the demodulation of DPSK signals in diversity systems. The estimated weight vector is considered to be the principal component of the exponentially weighted sample correlation matrix of the signals at diversity channel outputs. We arrive at closed form expressions for the approximate bit error rate (BER) for the scenario where channel gains are fixed, and the approximate average BER for the scenario where channel gains are independent identically Rayleigh distributed. The analysis provides accurate BER approximation, and is justified by the results from computer simulations. We also arrive at a rule of thumb about the value of the forgetting factor of the exponentially weighted sample correlation matrix should be selected for PCC-DD to yield good performance under time varying Rayleigh fading channels

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High autonomous selfing capacity and low flower visitation rates in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae)

Background and aims – Autonomous selfing is a potential strategy to overcome pollinator scarcity or unreliability, but the specific mechanisms of autonomous selfing need further study to clarify our understanding of this phenomenon. This study investigated the mechanism of autonomous selfing in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae), a species with didynamous stamens.Methods – We studied the floral biology, pollinator activity, and breeding system of Prunella vulgaris in a natural population. The short stamens and long stamens were removed separately to examine their contribution to self-pollinated seed production. In addition, the stamens were removed at different developmental stages to determine the timing of autonomous selfing.Key results – The short stamens were closer to the stigma than the long stamens. Seed production after removal of the long stamens was higher than following removal of the short stamens, suggesting that spatial separation of the anthers from the stigma is crucial and pollen from the short stamens contributes most frequently to self-pollination. Self-fertilization started at the final bud stage of flower development, which may be consistent with the prior selfing mode, but seed production gradually increased during the flower life-span, suggesting that competing selfing and delayed selfing may also contribute to autonomous selfing. Bagged flowers set as many seeds as flowers hand-pollinated with outcross pollen or self-pollen, and thus the population shows a high capacity for autonomous selfing. Emasculated flowers open to visitation by pollinators produced almost no seed, showing that the pollinator-visitation rate was low, and that the majority of the seeds in intact flowers resulted from self-fertilization.Conclusions – The findings show that under low pollinator availability, preanthesis autogamy is likely to be selectively advantageous as a reproductive assurance mechanism in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Statistical analysis of false positives and false negatives from real traffic with intrusion detection/prevention systems

False positives and false negatives happen to every intrusion detection and intrusion prevention system. This work proposes a mechanism for false positive/negative assessment with multiple IDSs/IPSs to collect FP and FN cases from real-world traffic and statistically analyze these cases. Over a period of 16 months, more than 2000 FPs and FNs have been collected and analyzed. From the statistical analysis results, we obtain three interesting findings. First, more than 92.85 percent of false cases are FPs even if the numbers of attack types for FP and FN are similar. That is mainly because the behavior of applications or the format of the application content is self-defined; that is, there is not complete conformance to the specifications of RFCs. Accordingly, when this application meets an IDS/IPS with strict detection rules, its traffic will be regarded as malicious traffic, resulting in a lot of FPs. Second, about 91 percent of FP alerts, equal to about 85 percent of false cases, are not related to security issues, but to management policy. For example, some companies and campuses limit or forbid their employees and students from using peer-to-peer applications; therefore, in order to easily detect P2P traffic, an IDS/IPS is configured to be sensitive to it. Hence, this causes alerts to be triggered easily regardless of whether the P2P application has malicious traffic or not. The last finding shows that buffer overflow, SQL server attacks, and worm slammer attacks account for 93 percent of FNs, even though they are aged attacks. This indicates that these attacks always have new variations to evade IDS/IPS detection.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correlation between the molecular weight and potency of polar compounds which induce the differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Structure-activity studies of a series of polar organic compounds, including N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, and related ureas and acetamides, were performed with regard to their ability to promote the terminal differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 to granulocyte-like cells. Functional and morphological criteria were used to assess the percentage of differentiated cells which arose from their continuous incubation with different concentrations of each agent over a period of 96 h. All of the alkylformamides, alkylacetamides, and alkylureas tested were found to induce differentiation, regardless of structure. Inspection of the results showed that there was a linear relationship (r = -0.937) between the molecular weight of each compound and the logarithm of the concentration which was required to bring about the differentiation of the greatest number of cells, while viability was generally maintained at greater than 85%. Once established, this relationship was used to predict the potency of several polar solvents which were structurally unrelated to the formamides. For example, methanol, ethanol, and acetone were all inducers of differentiation with a potency predictable from their molecular weight alone. The terminal differentiation induced by all of the compounds was only accomplished by cells which were capable of replication prior to differentiation. At concentrations which prevented a single replication and brought about a fall in cell viability over 96 h, no differentiation was observed. A correlation was observed between the molecular weight of each compound and the logarithm of its concentration to bring about cytotoxicity without differentiation (r = -0.935), and the line was almost parallel to that defining the concentration required for optimal differentiation (slope values of -0.02126 and -0.02288). A poorer (r = -0.6654) correlation was found between the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient and the logarithm of the concentration required for optimal differentiation, when the data for 12 of the polar organic compounds were analyzed. The results suggest that no special structural requirements are necessary for the alkylformamides, -acetamides, -ureas, and related compounds to induce the terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells to granulocyte-like cells, but that the activity of each compound could be predicted from their molecular weight. The concentrations required to induce differentiation were marginally lower than those which were cytostatic or cytotoxic, which suggested that a toxic threat to the cells was sufficient to induce differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Capital structure and profitability in a tax-free country: evidence from the UAE

The balance between debt and equity is a key factor explaining profitability. This study examines how capital structure affects the profitability of firms listed on stock exchanges in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a country that does not have a federal corporate income tax regime. The proxies of capital structure used include total, short-term, and long-term debt ratios, while those of profitability are return on assets and return on equity. Over a 2001-2016 sample period, this study documents a significantly negative association between capital structure and profitability. This study finds that the negative association is mainly found in companies with a high level of debts. The results of this study not only imply that information asymmetry exists, they also highlight how capital structure and profitability are associated in the context of a corporate tax-free country.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten/phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway changes in the rabbit Kawasaki disease model].

The level of PTEN/PI3K/VEGF signaling pathway change after establishment of rabbit Kawasaki disease model and the signaling pathway might be involved in this model.

Topic: Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Conserved induction of distinct antiviral signalling kinetics by primate interferon lambda 4 proteins

Interferon lambdas (IFNl) (also known as type III IFNs) are critical cytokines that combat infection predominantly at barrier tissues, such as the lung, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.Humans have four IFNls (1-4), where IFNl1-3 show ~80%-95% homology, and IFNl4 is the most divergent displaying only ~30% sequence identity.Variants in IFNl4 in humans are associated with the outcome of infection, such as with hepatitis C virus.However, how IFNl4 variants impact cytokine signalling in other tissues and how well this is conserved is largely unknown.In this study, we address whether differences in antiviral signalling exist between IFNl4 variants in human hepatocyte and intestinal cells, comparing them to IFNl3.We demonstrate that compared to IFNl3, wild-type human IFNl4 induces a signalling response with distinct magnitudes and kinetics, which is modified by naturally occurring variants P70S and K154E in both cell types.IFNl4's distinct antiviral response was more rapid yet transient compared to IFNl1 and 3. Additionally, divergent antiviral kinetics were also observed using non-human primate IFNls and cell lines.Furthermore, an IFNl4-like receptor-interacting interface failed to alter IFNl1's kinetics.Together, our data provide further evidence that major functional differences exist within the IFNl gene family.These results highlight the possible tissue specialisation of IFNls and encourage further investigation of the divergent, non-redundant activities of IFNl4 and other IFNls.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
on Simultaneous Observations of Other Species

The LIMS HNO 3 values are inconsistent with other LIMS measurements above about 5 mbar. During the four time periods analyzed, the LIMS HNO 3 concentrations were much higher than the HNO 3 concentrations computed using the other LIMS measurements (03, H20, NO2, and temperature). Until this inconsistency in the LIMS data is resolved, we recommend an alternative evaluation of upper-stratospheric HNO3, consistent with all other LIMS measurements, for pressure levels less than 5 mbar. The alternate method of evaluating HNO 3 makes use of a photochemical equilibrium approxi-mation to derive OH from LIMS H20 and 03; this OH is used with LIMS NO2 to derive HNO 3 above 5 mbar.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Demystifying counterinsurgency : U.S. Army internal security training and South American responses in the 1960s

United States’ counterinsurgency activities in the Western Hemisphere provide a new lens with which to investigate Latin America’s Cold War experience. This dissertation contributes to the debate over the impact of American foreign policy in the region by reconstructing a key component of Washington’s strategy: the U. S. Army’s counterinsurgency training of South American military forces during the 1960s and 1970s. Counterinsurgency casts a long shadow over U. S. foreign relations with Latin America but few authors explain what that doctrine entailed and how Washington sought to disseminate it among its regional allies. &#13;\nThis dissertation contributes to the new Cold War literature on Latin America by using previously unpublished and declassified materials to demystify the term “counterinsurgency.” It examines American training of South American militaries and explains the doctrine and tactics the U.S. Army sought to transmit to its counterparts under the rubric of counterinsurgency. After reconstructing the U.S. Army’s institutional apparatus for teaching internal security, this dissertation investigates the impact of American counterinsurgency efforts. In doing so it seeks to solve an enduring enigma. If the regional hegemon, the United States, exported one consistent counterinsurgency doctrine throughout the Western Hemisphere, why did South American countries experience such widely divergent internal security outcomes during the Cold War? &#13;\nA comparative analysis of six South American nations’ responses to American counterinsurgency yields new insights into Latin America’s Cold War experience. This dissertation argues that U.S. Army counterinsurgency training was more complex, nuanced and perishable than previously understood. Numerous obstacles impeded the U.S. Army’s ability to disseminate its training. Moreover, South American political and military leaders chose whether to accept or reject U.S. counterinsurgency. Washington did not dictate or decree its internal security training. Venezuela, Colombia and Bolivia embraced American counterinsurgency and sought U.S. Army assistance in confronting internal insecurity. Brazil, Argentina, and Chile shunned the American “model.” Military regimes in those nations developed their own internal security doctrine and tactics and conducted “dirty wars” against their populations a result of their own choices, not because of their slight exposure to American counterinsurgency concepts.

Topic: Military History and Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“Write a Word, Get a Third”

This article examines the doubly uncertain work environment of professional songwriters: They are affected by wider events in the music industry, and their immediate work context is a team setting where the distribution of tasks varies from one project to the next. Interviews reveal that songwriters pursue professional interests by enhancing cooperation, rather than engaging in defensive tactics. The author identifies two conventions: equal authorship and professional conciliation. Such conventions elucidate how rewards are managed in a team context of task variation and underscore the mutually constitutive relationship between conflict and cooperation within postbureaucratic forms of organizing.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Waste Glass Powder and Stone Dust on the Characteristics of Concrete

Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water with or without admixtures. The concrete industry is one of the heaviest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The biggest problem facing the concrete industry is the environmental and economic concern. In this research Paper , the Ordinary Portland Cement (Grade 43) has been partially replaced by Waste Glass Powder (GLP) and in Second stage Natural sand and cement replaced by stone dust and waste glass powder accordingly in the proportion of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%, at constant 15 % of Waste glass powder by weight of M-30 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of the conventional concrete at a period of 28 days. It is observed that glass Powder and stone dust gives better results as compared to conventional concrete . It is found that strength and workability of mixes increases significantly when glass Powder and stone dust is used.

Topic: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of proton beam irradiation on survival and seedling growth parameters of Indian rice (<i>Oryza</i> <i>sativa</i> L.) variety ‘Indira Barani Dhan 1’

Rice crop, a staple food for a majority of population across the world, holds a significant role to play in alleviating the global hunger problem. Enhancement of genetic diversity of rice will serve to overcome constraints in sustained and ecologically effective improvement in the production of quality rice, challenged by erratic patterns of global climate, changing pest dynamics, resource availability in proportion to growing population etc. Proton ion beam has sprung up as a promising novel mutagen in the mutation breeding of crop plants, by virtue of its higher LET values, causing higher frequency of mutations. Dose optimization is pre-requisite to obtain a range of phenotypic mutants, without drastic reduction in survival and growth subsequently. This study was undertaken to standardize proton beam irradiation dose rate post the evaluation of in-vitro germination, growth and survival of rice variety IBD -1, with doses ranging from 0-500Gy. Doses between 152.47Gy- 253.53Gy were found suitable for mutagenesis, without drastically impairing growth and survival.

Topic: Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
N-dimensional Lomb Scargle Periodogram analysis of traveling ionospheric disturbances using ionosonde data

There is a multitude of wave-like phenomena in Earth’s ionosphere and thermosphere such as acoustic waves, gravity waves, planetary waves, tides, and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) which are the ionospheric manifestation of atmospheric waves. These phenomena are often difficult to study since measurements are typically irregular in time and space due to geographic constraints for deploying ground instruments and the natural orbital motion of satellites. This frequently precludes Fourier methods such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from being used. The Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) provides FFT-like analysis when measurements are irregular. To our knowledge, all prior use of the LSP in space science has been one-dimensional. This paper uses a N-Dimensional extension of the LSP (ND LSP) to study traveling ionospheric disturbances in four dimensions on a quiescent day near solar minimum. We use an exquisite dataset consisting of 12 ionosondes over Australia on June 29, 2019. The ND LSP resolves the full 3-dimensional wave vector as well as the period for many discrete TIDs. To the degree possible, we validate our findings from ionosonde data processed with the ND LSP by using an FFT-based method on line-of-sight TEC data from the same period and find similar wavelengths and periods for the large TIDs. We show that TIDs occur preferentially near <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>70</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>o</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> elevation and could be missed or mischaracterized if using TEC data in the thin-shell approximation.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences