jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Instrumentation for simultaneous kinetic imaging of multiple fluorophores in single living cells&lt;/title&gt;

Low-light fluorescence video microscopy has established itself as an excellent method for investigations of cell dynamics. There is a growing interest in resolving multiple images of 'ratio' fluorophores like indo or BCECF or the emission from multiple dyes placed in the same cell system. For rapid kinetic studies, the problems of photodynamic damage and photobleaching on one hand and the need for good spatial and temporal resolution on the other, press the resolution of the instrumentation. Rapid resolution of multiple probes at multiple wavelengths presents a third set of problems of exciting the probes and appropriately imaging the emitted light. The authors have designed a new real-time low-light fluorescence video microscope for capturing intensified images of up to four dyes contained in the same cell system. These can be two dual-emission wavelength 'ratio' dyes or multiple dyes. The optics allow simultaneous excitation of up to four fluorophores and the real-time (30 frames/second) capture of four separate fluorescence emission images. Each emission wavelength is imaged simultaneously by one of four cameras, then digitized and appropriately combined at standard video frame rates to be stored at high resolution on tape or video disk for further off-line correction and analysis. The design has no moving parts in its optical train, which overcomes a number of technical difficulties encountered in filter wheel or mechanical shutter designs for multiple imaging. The instrument can be assembled form off-the-shelf components. Coupled to compatible image processing software utilizing PC-AT computers, it can be realized for relatively low cost. Two examples of simultaneous multi-parameter imaging are presented. Synchronous observations of calcium and pH distribution in kidney epithelial cells, loaded with both indo-1 and SNARF-1<sup>TM</sup>, show that both are altered in response to ionomycin treatment; however, the kinetics for the two changes are quite different. Intracellular calcium increases rapidly when the bath Ca<sup>2+</sup> is raised. The pH remains stable for several seconds, then suddenly collapses. The second example concerns fusion of human red blood cells (RBC) to fibroblasts expressing influenza hemagglutinin. Movement of soluble and membrane-bound dyes follow different kinetics, depending upon the molecular weight of the soluble dye. Furthermore, the swelling of the RBC occurs after the onset of fusion, and therefore cannot provide the driving force.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biogeographical assay and natural gene flow

Biogeographical assay provides knowledge on differences in natural gene flow in different regions, which is essential information for an ecological risk assessment for field releases of transgenic crops. In a given region, a biogeographical assay is performed to know whether wild relatives are present in the area or not, following the principle "species by species, region by region" [1, 2]. Data sources are combined to detect natural hybrids between crops and related wild species. As a synthesis, risk categories for natural gene flow are defined for the test region [1; see K. Ammann, this volume]. To obtain basic data for an ecological risk assessment and a long-term monitoring accompanying field releases and large-scale cultivation of GMP's, biogeographical distribution and hybridisation potential of crops and related wild species have to be studied on non-transgenic plants, ideally before first field releases have been persecuted.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Article Aberrant Expression of Posterior HOX Genes in Well Differentiated Histotypes of Thyroid Cancers

Abstract: Molecular etiology of thyroid cancers has been widely studied, and several molecular alterations have been identified mainly associated with follicular and papillary histotypes. However, the molecular bases of the complex pathogenesis of thyroid carcinomas remain poorly understood. HOX genes regulate normal embryonic development, cell differentiation and other critical processes in eukaryotic cell life. Several studies have shown that HOX genes play a role in neoplastic transformation of several human tissues. In particular, the genes belonging to HOX paralogous group 13 seem to hold a relevant role in both tumor development and progression. We have identified a significant prognostic role of HOX D13 in pancreatic cancer and we have recently showed the strong and progressive over-expression of HOX C13 in melanoma metastases and deregulation of HOX B13

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Corporate Social Responsibility of a Fair Trade Company: A Cross-Country Study of Taiwanese and American Business Students’ Perceptions

This study investigated and compared Taiwanese and American business students’ perceptions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a fair trade (FT) company. A total of 402 and 470 questionnaires were collected in United States and Taiwan, respectively, of which 384 and 432 were usable, respectively. Nationality, gender, work experience, and religion were the four variables that affected the participants’ understanding of an FT company’s CSR in this study. The findings of this study have implications for business school curricula in Taiwan and the United States and provide useful ideas for enhancing social responsibility in business schools.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Charcot foot reconstruction—how do hardware failure and non-union affect the clinical outcomes?

Background: Surgical reconstruction of severe Charcot foot deformities using internal fixation technique carries a high risk of major hardware failure. Our aim of this study was to look at the demographics of hardware failure, and the radiological and clinical outcomes in this group.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrastable\nAluminum Nanoparticles with Enhanced Combustion\nPerformance Enabled by a Polydopamine/Polyethyleneimine Nanocoating

In national defense, aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs)\nhave better\ncombustion performance than Al microparticles but are easily oxidized\nduring processing, especially in oxidative liquids. Although some\nprotective coatings have been reported, it is still challenging to\nobtain Al NPs stable in oxidative liquids (e.g., hot liquids) without\nscarifying combustion performance. Here, we report ultrastable Al\nNPs with enhanced combustion performance enabled by the crosslinked\npolydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) nanocoating merely ∼15\nnm in thickness and ∼0.24 wt % in mass. The Al@PDA/PEI NPs\nare fabricated by one-step rapid graft copolymerization of dopamine\nand PEI on Al NPs at room temperature. The formation mechanism of\nthe nanocoating is discussed including reactions between dopamine\nand PEI and interactions of the nanocoating with Al NPs. The Al@PDA/PEI\nNPs show excellent stability in hot water, and the mechanism is interpreted\nby molecular dynamics simulation. The PDA/PEI nanocoating can also\nenhance the combustion heat and burning rate of Al NPs.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High surface area hypercrosslinked microporous organic polymer networks based on tetraphenylethylene for CO<sub>2</sub> capture

A series of hypercrosslinked microporous organic copolymer networks was synthesized <italic>via</italic> Friedel–Crafts alkylation of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and/or 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane-1,2-diol (TPD) promoted by anhydrous FeCl<sub>3</sub>.

Topic: Covalent Organic Framework Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Congenital heart disease protein 5 associates with CASZ1 to maintain myocardial tissue integrity

The identification and characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the differentiation and morphogenesis of specific cell types of the developing heart are crucial to understanding the process of cardiac development and the pathology associated with human congenital heart disease. Here, we show that the cardiac transcription factor CASTOR (CASZ1) directly interacts with congenital heart disease 5 protein (CHD5), which is also known as tryptophan-rich basic protein (WRB), a gene located on chromosome 21 in the proposed region responsible for congenital heart disease in individuals with Down's syndrome. We demonstrate that loss of CHD5 in Xenopus leads to compromised myocardial integrity, improper deposition of basement membrane, and a resultant failure of hearts to undergo cell movements associated with cardiac formation. We further report that CHD5 is essential for CASZ1 function and that the CHD5-CASZ1 interaction is necessary for cardiac morphogenesis. Collectively, these results establish a role for CHD5 and CASZ1 in the early stages of vertebrate cardiac development.

Topic: Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification of elmid larvae (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from Sanin District of Honshu, Japan, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

Abstract Larvae of Elmidae from the Sanin District, Honshu, Japan, were classified into 14 types based on morphological features, of which 11 types were unidentified for species. Species or genus of the unidentified types were determined by comparing their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences with those of identified adult specimens. A new key to species/genera of elmid larvae was proposed.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Case-control studies of the treatment for the distal clavicle fracture by elastic band inclined "8" fixation].

Compared with open reduction and internal fixation with clavicular hook plate, treatment with self-improved elastic band inclined "8" fixation can shorten the union time of fracture and reduce therapeutic risks, so it is an economical, practical and safe method for the distal clavicle fracture.

Topic: Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
NEWTONIAN UNIVERSES AND THE CURVATURE OF SPACE

The authors demonstrated that all the basic achievements of theoretical cosmol-ogy up to the 1930s could have been exactly deduced from Newtonian hydrody-namics in the 18th century or even earlier. The equations governing the motion of a homogeneous and isotropic cosmic medium in the Newtonian theory are exactly the same as in the Robertson–Walker models. Relativity theory would become significant at distances much larger than those within the field viewed by observers up to that time. The difference between the k&amp;gt; 0, k c 0 and k &amp;lt; 0 Robertson–Walker models has a very simple explanation in the Newtonian mod-els: the matter moves with a velocity smaller than, equal to or greater than the escape velocity from its own gravitational field, respectively. This is what the authors have proved. Had this all been done 200 years earlier, cosmology would have had a chance to become, already at that time, a natural science rather than part of philosophy and metaphysics. It is tempting to wonder: if the Milne–McCrea model was so simple, why had nobody even tried to find it earlier? The embarrassing idea that suggests itself most naturally is this:

Topic: Mathematics and Applications
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of macrophage activation in the lipid metabolism of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins

The potential link between the inflammatory effects of postprandial lipemia and the induction of macrophage foam cell formation by triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was studied using postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (ppTGRL) derived from human volunteers and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). Subjects were fed a test meal high in dairy fat, followed three hours later by isolation of serum ppTGRL. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes were induced in HMDM by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dexamethasone (DEX), respectively. ppTGRL caused a dose-dependent increase in both triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol (CH) accumulation in the cells. TG accumulation was unaffected by LPS or DEX treatment, but LPS as compared with DEX-treated HMDM were found to accumulate more CH, and this effect was greater than that induced by ppTGRL in untreated cells. LPS-treatment had no effect on lipid uptake from ppTGRL (via the LDLr, scavenger receptors or SR-B1) or on CH efflux, but the CH synthesis inhibitor mevinolin abolished the difference between CH accumulation in LPS-and DEX-treated cells, suggesting that CH synthesis is enhanced in the inflammatory state. Phospholipid (PL) synthesis was increased in inflammatory M1 as compared with anti-inflammatory M2 HMDM. Moreover, TG synthesis was decreased by ppTGRL in DEX-treated as compared with untreated cells. We conclude, therefore, inflammation causes a greater increase in the accumulation of neutral lipids than ppTGRL in macrophages, and that this effect is related to modulation of PL metabolism and possibly also CH synthesis. Thus, the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages influences their lipid metabolism, and is, therefore, likely to modulate the induction of macrophage lipid accumulation by lipoproteins associated with foam cell formation.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fun in the workplace and employee turnover: is less managed fun better?

Purpose Despite previous research indicating that fun in the workplace has favorable outcomes, the effect of fun on turnover has not been definitively determined. The present study analyzed the direct effects on turnover of three dimensions of fun: fun activities, coworker socializing and manager support for fun, and the moderating influence of managed fun (e.g. whether fun is perceived as contrived). Design/methodology/approach Logistic regression was used to analyze the fun in the workplace-turnover relationship with a sample of 491 hourly associates from 141 stores of a US national retailer. Data on the fun were obtained through surveys that were paired with turnover data collected six months afterward from corporate records. Findings Fun activities were only found to be associated with a lower turnover when employees perceived fun as less managed. When employees perceived fun as more managed, fun activities had no effect on turnover. Coworker socializing was associated with a lower turnover when fun was perceived as less managed and higher turnover when fun was perceived as more managed. Research limitations/implications As the data were obtained from employees from one organization, further research would be valuable with additional samples to substantiate the generalizability of the results. Practical implications Given the challenge of turnover and the increasing prevalence of efforts to promote fun in the workplace, organizations should allow fun activities to be less managed (and thus more organic) to help reduce turnover. Originality/value While previous research has addressed managed/less managed fun in qualitative research, the present study represents the first investigation to examine this aspect of fun in the workplace from a quantitative perspective and to examine its relationship with employee turnover.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Folate supplements have not reduced neural tube defects

Treatment for athlete's foot should begin with over the counter drugs On p 79 Hart et al report the first systematic review of topical antifungal drugs for athlete's foot.Allylamines, available only on prescription, cure slightly more fungal infections of the skin of the feet than azoles and undecenoic acid, both of which are available over the counter.The comparatively high cost of allylamines, however, means that the few extra cures are expensive.So it is best to begin treatment with an azole or undecenoic acid, and to reserve allylamines for those infections that do not respond.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“Dos — don’ts”

As the personal reports show, there are many ways of behaving and various practices and customs, both in China and in negotiations with Chinese business partners, which can be crucial for the success of an involvement or the further progress of a project. Some aspects of negotiations are very different from practices familiar from the European and American building industries.

Topic: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Personalized Multi-Drug Combinations in Breast Cancer Treatment Using Individual Pattern of Perturbed Gene Expression and Drug Signatures

Abstract The greatest challenge in recent years in cancer treatment has been drug screening. Few platforms presented reliable solutions for personalized drug validation and safety testing. Here, we constructed a personalized drug combination protocol as the primary input to such platforms. We used public data from whole-genome expression profiles of 6173 breast cancer patients, 312 healthy individuals, and 691 drugs. We developed an individual pattern of perturbed gene expression (IPPGE) for each patient. A protocol was designed to extract personalized drug combinations by comparing the IPPGE and drug signatures. We tried to use the concept of drug repurposing, which searches for the new benefits of the existing medicines that may perturb the desired genes. The potential for treatment effectiveness was more significant for drug combinations extracted from specialized and nonspecialized cancer medicines than specialized medicines. Thus, effective treatments can be provided through the approach of drug repurposing and combination drug therapy. Implications The protocol allows personalized drug combinations to be extracted from hundreds of drugs and thousands of drug combinations. This can be used as a methodological interface between drug repurposing and combination drug therapy in cancer treatment.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EVI1 is critical for the pathogenesis of a subset of MLL-AF9–rearranged AMLs

Abstract The proto-oncogene EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site-1), located on chromosome band 3q26, is aberrantly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 3q26 rearrangements. In the current study, we showed, in a large AML cohort carrying 11q23 translocations, that ∼ 43% of all mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)–rearranged leukemias are EVI1pos. High EVI1 expression occurs in AMLs expressing the MLL-AF6, -AF9, -AF10, -ENL, or -ELL fusion genes. In addition, we present evidence that EVI1pos MLL-rearranged AMLs differ molecularly, morphologically, and immunophenotypically from EVI1neg MLL-rearranged leukemias. In mouse bone marrow cells transduced with MLL-AF9, we show that MLL-AF9 fusion protein maintains Evi1 expression on transformation of Evi1pos HSCs. MLL-AF9 does not activate Evi1 expression in MLL-AF9–transformed granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) that were initially Evi1neg. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Evi1 in an Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse model inhibits leukemia growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that Evi1 provides a growth-promoting signal. Using the Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse leukemia model, we demonstrate increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents on reduction of Evi1 expression. We conclude that EVI1 is a critical player in tumor growth in a subset of MLL-rearranged AMLs.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Purity of G-zips

Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p&gt;0$, and $S$ an scheme over $k$. An $F$-zip is basically a locally free $O_S$-module of finite rank endowed with two filtration and an Frobenius-linear isomorphism between their graded pieces. The natural generalization of this notion for a reductive algebraic group $G/k$ is an "$F$-zip with $G$-structure", a so-called $G$-zip introduced by R. Pink, T. Wedhorn, P. Ziegler. A $G$-zip $I$ over $S$ yields the stratification of the base scheme in loci, where $I$ has locally a constant isomorphism class for the fppf topology. We show that these strata are affine and give a number of geometric applications of this purity result.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences