jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assembly challenges related to fine pitch in-line and staggered bond pad devices

Wire bond technology for IC devices has been the backbone of the semiconductor industry for many years. The drive for fme pitch wire bonding is to reduce silicon area and increase potential die per wafer. Typically, wire bond pads are arranged in an in-line configuration where the pads are in a single row along the perimeter of the silicon chip. Alternatively, the bond pads can be placed in multiple rows in a staggered fashion around the silicon chip. In considering whether to utilize a staggered or an in-line bond pad layout, several tradeoffs should be considered between die size and the resulting bond pad size and corresponding assembly capabilities. The uniqueness of the staggered layout lies in the fact that a small effective pitch between wires can be achieved while maintaining a large bond pad. A larger bond pad also implies that less aggressive probe and assembly technology can he used. In the 35/70pm (i.e. 70pm pad pitch and 35pm effective pitch) staggered layout, a 25pm wire diameter coupled with a robust large tip capillary can be used to create a generous ball diameter of 55p. The main challenge in wire bonding a staggered design is the ability to create special wire looping to ensure no wire shortage between the rows. On the other hand, in the 47p in-line pad pitch layout, a 20pm wire diameter with a smaller tip capillary must be used to create a smaller ball diameter of 40p. As direct results of using a smaller wire diameter, the assembly development for 47pm in-lme design would need to consider the balance among the following criteria: (1) ball bond strength per area that meets industry-standard minimum value: (2) bonded ball diameter that results in ball bond placement accuracy Cpk of 1.33 or higher: and (3) wire loop height that helps reduce mold flow distubance to generate acceptable wire sweep at long wire length and tight pitch. This paper will begin with a brief comparison of the application space between in-line and staggered bond pad layouts with different U0 counts and core areas. The paper then discusses the assembly challenges associated with staggered design and in-line design. The focus in 35/70pm staggered wire bonding is the ability to consistently form a combination of low and high looping profiles for different rows of bond pads without causing wire shorting. Systematic experiments were conducted to evaluate wire bonder's stability in forming different wire loop heights and wire lengths for extended wire bondmg duration. Optimal wire loop height and pattem for staggered wire bondmg will be recommended. The discussion of 47pm in-line assembly development will focus on the wire bonding process. Wire bond parameter optimization and capillary design were critical to achieve both ball size reduction and bond strength stability. Wire loop height and scheme were also optimized to minimize wire sweep during encapsulation.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of seismic analysis and design of multi storey symmetrical and asymmetrical building

The current version of the IS: 1893-2002 requires that practically all multi storied buildings be analyzed as three-dimensional systems. Buildings may be considered as asymmetric in plan, in mass and stiffness along storey, of the buildings. Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. In this study, 3D analytical model of G+15 storied buildings have been generated for symmetric and asymmetric building models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ETABS software. Mass and stiffness are two basic parameters to evaluate the dynamic response of a structural system. Multi-storied buildings are behaved differently depending upon the various parameters like mass-stiffness distribution, foundation types and soil conditions. 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujrat, India demonstrated the damage and collapse of the buildings due to the irregularities in structural stiffness and floor mass. This paper is concerned with the effects of various vertical irregularities on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the project is to carry out Response spectrum analysis (RSA) of regular and irregular RC building frames and Time history Analysis (THA) of regular RC building frames and carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920 corresponding to response spectrum analysis. Comparison of the results of analysis of irregular structures with regular structure is done.

Topic: Seismic and Structural Analysis of Tall Buildings
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Single-stage procedure for multiple dissected aortic aneurysms with coagulopathy in an elderly patient].

An 86-year-old man was admitted for abdominal pain. Dissected descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were observed under computed tomographic (CT) scan. Hematologic studies revealed low platelet count and an increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP), and disseminated intravascular coagulation( DIC) associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm was highly suspected. Platelet transfusion was performed and gabexate mesilate was administered, however, no improvement of DIC could be obtained. An increase in aortic diameter was observed under CT scan and surgery was performed. The infrarenal aneurysm was replaced with a bifurcated prosthetic graft under open repair. Simultaneously, an endovascular stent-graft was delivered from the left limb of the abdominal graft and implanted into the descending thoracic aorta. The postoperative recovery was uneventful but platelet count did not improve in this case.

Topic: Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Editorial: Engaging the Spiritual

Educational reforms and processes have consistently explored the terrain of transformation at the individual as well as institutional levels.A historical analysis of changes and policies that have brought about the desired as well as unintended changes in society do acknowledge the difference between what is 'wholesome' or 'good' and 'unwholesome' or 'bad'.The desire for 'wholeness' directs one's attention to a realm that is termed as spiritual; that which is over and above the common -whether seen from economic, political, social or even religious factors that circumscribe individuals and communities.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Postgestational Lymphotoxin/Lymphotoxin β Receptor Interactions Are Essential for the Presence of Intestinal B Lymphocytes

Abstract Lymphotoxin (LT), a cytokine belonging to the TNF family, has established roles in the formation of secondary lymphoid structures and in the compartmentalization of T and B lymphocyte areas of the spleen. In this study, we examine the role of LT in directing the composition of intestinal lymphocytes. We report that mice deficient in LT have a normal composition of intestinal lamina propria (LP) T lymphocytes, and an absence of intestinal LP B lymphocytes. We further refine this observation to demonstrate that the interaction of LT with the LTβR is essential for the presence LP B lymphocytes. The LT/LTβR-dependent events relevant for the presence of LP B lymphocytes occur after birth, do not require the presence of Peyer’s patches, lymph nodes, or the spleen; and therefore, are distinct and independent from the previously identified roles of LT/LTβR. The LT-dependent signal relevant for the presence of LP B lymphocytes is optimally supplied by a LT-sufficient B lymphocyte, and requires a LTβR-sufficient radio-resistant, non-bone marrow-derived cell. Based upon the severity of the deficit of LP B lymphocytes we observed, these novel LT/LTβR-dependent events are of primary importance in directing the entry and residence of LP B lymphocytes.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Oncogenic activation of murine mos protein kinase by DNA rearrangement of its N-terminal coding region.

An activated c-mos oncogene was detected by DNA transfection assay of hamster SHOK cells with DNAs from X-ray-induced mouse osteosarcoma. It was molecularly cloned by the cosmid rescue method and found to form transformed foci of SHOK cells. Genomic DNA sequencing revealed that in this oncogene the N-terminal coding region of the mouse proto-mos gene was deleted and replaced by a hamster-derived sequence in the primary transformant, suggesting that activation was due to the rearrangement during transfection. The gene product was about 37 kDa and was immunoprecipitated with anti-mos antibody from a lysate of a SHOK cell transfectant. This truncated mos (t-mos) gene transformed SHOK cells more effectively than v-mos. A chimeric gene construct of this hamster-derived upstream sequence and normal mouse c-mos also transformed SHOK cells at a lower level, whereas neither t-mos nor the chimeric c-mos gene transformed NIH3T3 cells appreciably. The high transforming efficiency of t-mos in SHOK cells was due not only to truncation of the coding region but also to its integration under a putative promoter sequence derived from the hamster genome. This is the first report of detection of an activated c-mos gene by DNA transfection assay.

Topic: 14-3-3 protein interactions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular characterization of ltp3 and ltp4, essential for C24-branched chain sterol-side-chain degradation in Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43269

A previously identified sterol catabolic gene cluster is widely dispersed among actinobacteria, enabling them to degrade and grow on naturally occurring sterols. We investigated the physiological roles of various genes by targeted inactivation in mutant RG32 of Rhodococcus rhodochrous, which selectively degrades sterol side-chains. The ltp3 and ltp4 deletion mutants were each completely blocked in side-chain degradation of β-sitosterol and campesterol, but not of cholesterol. These results indicated a role for ltp3 and ltp4 in the removal of C24 branches specifically. Bioinformatic analysis of the encoded Ltp3 and Ltp4 proteins revealed relatively high similarity to thiolase enzymes, typically involved in β-oxidation, but the catalytic residues characteristic for thiolase enzymes are not conserved in their amino acid sequences. Removal of the C24-branched side-chain carbons of β-sitosterol was previously shown to proceed via aldolytic cleavage rather than by β-oxidation. Our results therefore suggest that ltp3 and ltp4 probably encode aldol-lyases rather than thiolases. This is the first report, to our knowledge, on the molecular characterization of genes with specific and essential roles in carbon-carbon bond cleavage of C24-branched chain sterols in Rhodococcus strains, most likely acting as aldol-lyases. The results are a clear contribution to our understanding of sterol degradation in actinobacteria.

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
First reports of parental care in species of the genus Dismegistus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae)

Parental care is reported in several insect orders. Usually, it involves protecting eggs, burying them, moving a batch of eggs from place to place and feeding the larvae. Insect parental care is well developed in Heteroptera and is particularly widespread in the superfamily Pentatomoidea. The species best known for their maternal care belong to the subfamily Sehirinae (Cydnidae) and the genus Parastrachia (Parastrachiidae). There are no published data on parental care in species of the genus Dismegistus (the second genus within the family Parastrachiidae). This paper provides the first reports of females of species of Dismegistus carrying and guarding egg batches in the same way as species in the genus Parastrachia and certain Sehirinae.

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic variability of Euglena agilis (Euglenophyceae)

The results of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of extrachromosomal rDNA and the chloroplast SSU rDNA sequence analysis presented here confirmed elevated genetic polymorphism revealed earlier by RFLP and RAPD for seven clones of the cosmopolitan species - &lt;em&gt;Euglena agilis&lt;/em&gt; Carter. High diversity among these clonal strains was not reflected by morphological criteria, with the exception of the only one character - the ability of the cell in its non-motile dividing states (palmella) to produce mucus and form a slimy envelope. Evolutionary adaptation as formation of slimy envelope may be attributed to different survival strategy of the species by which it adapts to life in a highly variable environment.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bayesian Inference for Derivative Prices

Abstract This paper develops a methodology for parameter and state variable inference using both asset and derivative price information. We combine theoretical pricing models and asset dynamics to generate a joint posterior for parameters and state variables and provide an MCMC simulation strategy for inference. There are several advantages of our inferential approach. First, more precise parameter estimates are obtained when both asset and derivative price information are used. Second, we provide a diagnostic tool for model misspecification based on agreement of the state and parameter estimates with and without derivative price information. Furthermore, the time series properties of the state variables can also be used to evaluate model fit. We illustrate our methodology using daily equity index options on the Standard and Poor’s (S&amp;P 500) index from 1998-2002.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Asset Insulators

Abstract We construct a new data set tracking the daily value of life insurers’ assets at the security level. Outside of the 2008–2009 crisis, a ${\$}$ 1 drop in the market value of assets reduces an insurer’s market equity by ${\$}$ 0.10. During the ?nancial crisis, this pass-through rises to ${\$}$ 1. We explain this pattern by viewing insurance companies as asset insulators, institutions with stable, long-term liabilities that can ride out transitory dislocations in market prices. Illustrating the macroeconomic importance of insulation, insurers’ market equity declined by ${\$}$50 billion less than the duration-adjusted value of their securities during the crisis.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK KIDAL (STUDI KASUS PADA ANAK KIDAL USIA 6-7 TAHUN DI KELURAHAN MALAKA JAYA, DUREN SAWIT, JAKARTA TIMUR)

AbstrackThis study aims to determine and describe the fine motor skills of left-handed children ages 6-7 years old, in which include eye-hand coordination skills, fingers’ flexibility, hand strength, and arms’adaptability. This research was conducted in the Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, East Jakarta, in May to July 2016. The method used is qualitative research case study approach. Instrument of collection data through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used is based on Miles and Huberman report of reduction data, display data and verification data. The findings of research showed that left-handed children have good eye-hand coordination, in which include the coordination between the eyes with his left hand and his right hand. Left-handed children also have good fingers’ flexibility when using tools that are made for right-handed user to create objects, like scissors. Left-handed children have a greater strengthat left hand than right hand. Left- handed children have good adaptation in activities that are ethically deminding the use of the righ hand and manipulating objects that are made for right-handed users. At the imitation stage of left-handed children are retaining their own attitude when undertaken the activities though models using right-hand dominance. Keywords: Coordination, Flexibility, Strength, Adaptation, Imitation, Lefth-handed

Topic: Child Development and Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modulating metal-centered dimerization of a lanthanide chaperone protein for separation of light lanthanides

Elucidating details of biology’s selective uptake and trafficking of rare earth elements, particularly the lanthanides, has the potential to inspire sustainable biomolecular separations of these essential metals for myriad modern technologies. Here, we biochemically and structurally characterize Methylobacterium ( Methylorubrum ) extorquens LanD, a periplasmic protein from a bacterial gene cluster for lanthanide uptake. This protein provides only four ligands at its surface-exposed lanthanide-binding site, allowing for metal-centered protein dimerization that favors the largest lanthanide, La III . However, the monomer prefers Nd III and Sm III , which are disfavored lanthanides for cellular utilization. Structure-guided mutagenesis of a metal-ligand and an outer-sphere residue weakens metal binding to the LanD monomer and enhances dimerization for Pr III and Nd III by 100-fold. Selective dimerization enriches high-value Pr III and Nd III relative to low-value La III and Ce III in an all-aqueous process, achieving higher separation factors than lanmodulins and comparable or better separation factors than common industrial extractants. Finally, we show that LanD interacts with lanmodulin (LanM), a previously characterized periplasmic protein that shares LanD’s preference for Nd III and Sm III . Our results suggest that LanD’s unusual metal-binding site transfers less-desirable lanthanides to LanM to siphon them away from the pathway for cytosolic import. The properties of LanD show how relatively weak chelators can achieve high selectivity, and they form the basis for the design of protein dimers for separation of adjacent lanthanide pairs and other metal ions.

Topic: Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Building Resilient Micro-Small Enterprises: A Case Study of MSEs In The Midst of The Covid-19 Pandemic

The pandemic has affected various sectors of life. The pandemic has attracted the attention of many parties to assess the impacts that arise outside of health impacts, one of which is the impact on micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The central role of MSEs in the national economy is the primary driver of research on how MSEs build resilience in times of crisis. This study focuses on the strength of MSEs during the Covid-19 pandemic. MSEs are the mainstay of the national economy. Therefore, various aids for the recovery of MSEs have become the focus of national economic recovery throughout the world, including Indonesia. This study uses quantitative and qualitative methods on MSEs that are still able to maintain their continuity to this day. This research focused on revealing several characteristics of MSEs’ resilience according to the number of workers, income trends, and the extent to which individual resilience affects organizational resilience. The analysis also revealed a process-based model of how MSEs builds resilience during this ongoing crisis.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Textual Analysis of Privacy Policies to Understand the Effect of GDPR

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has far-reaching implications that extend beyond the European Union (EU) borders. Its visionary concepts have worked as a catalyst, inspiring states and regions worldwide to rethink their data privacy policies. The GDPR is the foundation of an international privacy framework that crosses political and cultural boundaries, encouraging a collaborative effort to protect personal data. This study aims to explore the GDPR's multifaceted effects on data privacy, including organisational, legal, and technological aspects. To provide comprehensive insights, data was collected from the privacy policies of the top 50 websites for both the pre-GDPR and postGDPR eras. Textual analysis of these policies allowed for a comparison using keyword frequency, personal information disclosure, GDPR-related terms, and the enumeration of user rights being evaluated. To examine the structural changes in privacy rules, we use the average frequency with which a specific group of words. The finding reveals that the average word count of privacy rules has increased significantly, rising from 2355.74 to 5882.82. This shift indicates a positive trend towards increasing transparency and clarity in communicating privacy policies. Privacy policies are now written in more precise, accessible language, emphasising the essence of GDPR's objective and improving user comprehension. In the post-GDPR, key terms such as "Consent," "Data Breach," "Data Subject," "Data Controller," and "Data Protection" feature prominently, indicating more awareness and more substantial compliance obligations. Implementing GDPR user rights under amended rules demonstrates a noteworthy dedication to user data protection.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A method and application platform of testing technology for unmanned ship

Compared with manned ship, a majorities of work of unmanned ship need to be done by autonomous control algorithms, including environment perception, path planning, control and collision avoidance, etc. In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the autonomous control algorithms for unmanned ship, and according to the team's exploration and practice in the field of intelligent perception and autonomous control of unmanned ship in the past seven years, a method based on virtual-reality technology of unmanned ship test is proposed, and applied on the test platform. The scientificity and standardization of autonomous navigation capability testing technology of unmanned ship is improved, and provide a theoretical basis and the measure of technical application for the autonomous navigation capability test and evaluation of unmanned ship reliable navigation control under complex scenarios, heavy sea conditions and ultra-high speed.

Topic: Maritime Navigation and Safety
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Blocking antibodies and vaccine strategy in schistosomiasis

L'existence d'isotypes d'anticorps bloquant la reponse effectrice contre les targets de surface peut ouvrir une nouvelle voie a la comprehension des mecanismes regulateurs de l'immunite contre la reinfection par des schistosomes et d'autres parasites

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences