jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1573581.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design Solution Optimization with Ant Colony Optimization

Early in product design, existing automated concept generators use existing knowledge and the desired function to suggest solutions. These methods produce many candidate solutions, but often provide unmanageably large sets of solutions. so techniques are needed to organize the set of solutions into smaller groups. This paper presents an automated concept optimization method. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is used to optimize the generated conceptual candidate solutions automatically. a software prototype is developed and a case study of transmission mechanism of loading platform is detailed.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A mechanism-based approach to experiment design and model building

This research introduces a new approach to the development of models which describe the underlying mechanistic behavior of a system. The approach utilizes an innovative modeling representation that combines digraph modeling and multi-level logic to define the phenomenological causal relationships of a system. Unlike most model representations which have been developed, this representation allows explicit declaration of the mechanisms of a system. The mechanism-based models of all processes which may be of importance in a system can be combined to create a generalized mechanism-based model which describes the behavior of a whole class of systems.
Experiment design strategies to determine which mechanisms are of importance in a system have been developed. These methods can be applied to the generalized model of a system to synthesize experiments which isolate individual mechanisms. The experiment design strategies can be used in conjunction with the costs of experiments to determine the optimal experiment for verifying a mechanism. A methodology for estimating experiment costs from the relative accuracies and controllabilities of the variables is introduced.
The modeling representation and the experiment design and optimization strategies are implemented in the computer program Edison. The effectiveness of the mechanism-based modeling strategy is illustrated with four example problems: the analysis of packed bed reactor systems, the discovery of electrokinetic lift, the verification of freezing induced motion of rocks below the earth, and the modeling of a glycol cooling system.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
What predicts radiation pneumonitis best? Pulmonary injury after curatively intended radiotherapy of early-stage lung cancer

<b>Introduction</b> Several studies reports changes in lung function after radiotherapy and evaluate the CT morphological pattern of pulmonary injury. We present preliminary data from our prospective lung cancer study, looking for predictive factors for radiation pneumonitis after curatively intended radiotherapy in patients with inoperable lung cancer stage I-IIIB. <b>Material and methods</b> We have serial measurements from 31 patients, of whom 18 and 13 received stereotactic and fractionated radiotherapy 2 Gyx33, respectively. The patients were followed by several methods (spirometry, total lung capacity, clinical COPD Questionnaire and radiological changes etc.) at baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after therapy. <b>Results</b> Five patients in the stereotactic radiotherapy group (27 %) and 5 patients the fractionated group (39%) developed radiation pneumonitis grad 1-4. The lung function was reduced at 3 months follow-up, measured as a significant fall in FVC (p=0.02) and FEV1 (p=0.12) at 6 months. Patients receiving stereotactic radiotherapy reported dyspnoea at 6 months follow-up simultaneously with radiological changes, 1-3 month later than pulmonary functions changes. Patients receiving fractionated radiotherapy, showed reduced lung function and reported dyspnoea already at 6 weeks after therapy, with radiological changes occurring after 1-3 months, 3 months earlier than patients in the stereotactic group. <b>Conclusion</b> The changes in pulmonary function of patients with radiation pneumonitis occur earlier than radiological changes and symptoms. Patients should be followed tightly with both radiology and testing of lung function the first year after treatment.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dumping and anti-dumping measures

In recent times, the number of dumping actions has shown a striking correlation with the respective level of economic activity.1 The following observations convey an overall picture of the dumping actions currently pending and the anti-dumping measures implemented, and look into the current problems faced by the international anti-dumping system.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RQ-PCR) Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (CBF AML).

Abstract Background: CBF AML, with t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) and the associated fusion proteins AML1/ETO or CBFβ/MYH11, has a favourable clinical prognosis although significant numbers of patients still relapse. We examined the prognostic utility of MRD monitoring by RQ-PCR and propose a simple model for prediction of impending haematological relapse. Methods: Patients with CBF AML had samples collected at diagnosis, after induction and consolidation chemotherapy and at routine regular intervals thereafter. RQ-PCR, using the Applied Biosystems 7700 Sequence Detection System, was performed in triplicate and the final result was calculated by averaging 3 values, expressed relative to PGK levels. Stratified Cox regression was used to assess the impact of predictor variables (diagnostic, post-induction, post-consolidation RQ-PCR levels and presence of a 1 log10 increase in sequential RQ-PCR levels) on leukaemia-free survival (LFS). Results: Of 46 patients identified with CBF AML, 29 had diagnostic, regular longitudinal samples and clinical follow up allowing further evaluation; 12 AML1-ETO and 17 CBFβ-MYH11. The median age was 39 years (range 7–68) with 52% male. Median follow up was 34 months (range 1–106) and median sample number was 6 (2–15). Twelve relapses occurred at a median of 11 months (range 4–17) from diagnosis. There were significant differences between transcript levels at diagnosis (median 1.9), post-induction (8.96*10−04), post-consolidation (5.01*10−05), in remission (1*10−06) or relapse (0.15) (p=0.01). Diagnostic, post-induction and post-consolidation RQ-PCR levels did not predict outcome. A log10 rise in a remission bone marrow sample correlated with adverse LFS and imminent risk of haematological relapse (HR 8.6). Relapses occurred a median of 60 days (range 45–272) after a log10 rise. RQ-PCR levels Hazard Ratio (HR) LFS 95% CI P-value Diagnosis 0.22 0.02–2.9 0.25 Post-induction 1.3 0.8–2.1 0.36 Post-consolidation 0.8 0.5–1.2 0.27 1 log10 increase 8.6 1.8–42 0.008 Conclusions: A 1 log10 rise in transcript levels was a highly significant predictor of haematological relapse. Transcript levels at early post-treatment time points did not predict long term outcome, cautioning against de-escalation protocols based on these results. Prospective identification of high risk patients will enable clinical trials to address the efficacy of treatment initiated at molecular progression.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physical activity in daily life as a vital sign of general physical condition on chronic respiratory patients

<b>Introduction:</b> Physical inactivity is a consequence of chronic diseases but also a modifiable risk factor. As recommended by <i>Exercise is Medicine</i>, it should be clinically assessed as a vital sign of patients' general physical condition, including chronic respiratory patients. <b>Aims and Objectives:</b> To characterize baseline physical activity in daily life (PADL) of chronic respiratory patients. <b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional study of 100 chronic respiratory patients starting Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Assessment combined the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and 4 days accelometer and oximeter telemonitoring (excluding night sleep) by SMARTREAB technology (figure 1) - a project supported by Fundação Vodafone Portugal. <b>Results:</b> According to IPAQ, 49% of patients had moderate level of PADL, a weekly mean amount of 3133.3 ± 4909.4 MET.minute/week, and mean sedentary time of 419.2 ± 375.6 min/day. Alongside, maximum MET ranged from 1.51 to 4.64 MET, with 99.6% daytime spent on 3 MET maximum activities. SMARTREAB also measured 93% of patients with dessaturation episodes unobserved in clinical setting. Regardless of the IPAQ category, patients spent at least 70% of daytime with less than 2 MET activities. <b>Conclusions:</b> SMARTREAB telemonitoring provided additional value on comprehensive assessment of PADL as a vital sign of chronic respiratory patients' general physical condition.

Topic: Human Health and Disease
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of private institutions in the globalization of medical education

In the past century, the world has witnessed the greatest increase in its population in history due to combined effects of scientific advances in medical care, greater longevity, global progress in, and other factors including a global Green Revolution and the associated benefits to agricultural productivity and a globalized food supply. The number of provider health care professionals, including physicians, nurses, and other practitioners, however, has consistently failed to keep pace with the expanding global population during this period, and has placed a strain on medical resources in the USA and many other Nations. To address the need for expansion in medical education, the further development of venues in private medical education is inevitable. Historically, much of the financial burden for professional medical education has been tied to heavily strained public sector financial support, which has limited the ability of public sector Institutions to expand in concert with the population demographics, and which sector has trailed the population trends for several decades. To this end, privately funded educational Institutions now share an increasingly greater role in development of innovative solutions to increasing the numbers of healthcare professionals worldwide, and thus ameliorating the existing progressive strain on the resources of traditional academic institutions. Institutional support.

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional Topics

This chapter contains sections titled: Block Designs for Mixture Experiments Symmetric-Simplex Block Designs for Fitting the Scheffé Second-Order Model An Example of Orthogonal Blocking Using a Symmetric-Simplex Design Constructing Orthogonal Blocks Using Latin Squares Weighted Versus Unweighted Least-Squares Estimates of the Parameters in the Scheffé Models Some Comments on Design Criteria and Some Results Using the ACED Program Constant Prediction Variance on Concentric Triangles for Three-Component Systems Altering the Terms in the Scheffé-Type Models to Improve the Accuracy and/or Stability of the Coefficient Estimates Collinearity Problems Resulting from Performing Experiments in Highly Constrained Regions A Numerical Example Illustrating the Fitting of Segmented Scheffé Models to Freezing-Point Data from a Two-Component System Biplot Displays for Multiple Responses A Five-Response Plastics-Compounding Example Optimizing Several Responses Simultaneously Recalling the Three-Component Propellant Example of Section 5.13 Summary

Topic: Optimal Experimental Design Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Applied methods to verify LP turbine performance after retrofit

With increasing operational hours of power plants, many utilities may find it necessary to replace turbine components, i.e., low pressure turbines. In order to decide between different technical and economic solutions, the utility often takes the opportunity to choose between an OEM or non-OEM supplier. This paper will deal with the retrofitting of LP turbines. Depending on the scope of supply the contract must define the amount of improvement and specifically how to verify this improvement. Unfortunately, today`s Test Codes, such as ASME PTC 6 and 6.1, do not satisfactorily cover these cases. The methods used by Florida Power and Light (FP and L) and its supplier to verify the improvement of the low pressure turbine retrofit at the Martin No. 1 and Sanford No. 4 units will be discussed and the experience gained will be presented. In particular the influence of the thermal cycle on the applicability of the available methods will be analyzed and recommendations given.

Topic: Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Ovarian Cycle in an Oviparous Gymnophione Amphibian, Ichthyophis beddomei (Peters)

The ovarian cycle in an oviparous gymnophione amphibian, Ichthyophis beddomei (Peters), was studied in captivity for 12 consecutive months from June, 1984 to May, 1985. A significant increase in the relative weight of the ovary, ovarian follicular diameter, recruitment of 70-80% of previtellogenic follicles (PVF) to vitellogenesis, and a significant decrease in the percentage of atretic follicles (AF) during August-November indicate that August-November might be the prebreeding phase of the ovarian cycle. The presence of the maximum number of the largest vitellogenic follicles (VF), the reduced number of AF, the minimum number of PVF, and presence of dividing oogonia during December-February suggest that the latter might be the breeding phase

Topic: Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preparation and characterization of barium titanate electrolytic capacitors by anodic oxidation of porous titanium bodies

Low-temperature (50-60 degrees C) anodic oxidation of porous titanium bodies in an aqueous electrolyte containing Ba/sup 2+/ in solution has been used to infiltrate BaTiO/sub 3/ onto a large surface area. Microstructural and dielectric characterization indicates the possibility of achieving extremely high capacitance values by further improving the porosity of the Ti bodies and electroding the BaTiO/sub 3/ surface using electroless plating techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SINGLE ISSUE LOCAL AUTHORITY ASSOCIATIONS: A NEW SPECIES FOR A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of this article is to explore the emergence of single issue local authority associations as a response to the changing nature of the central‐local government policy community in the past decade. The main theme of the article is that a gap has been created by the restructuring of local governance that neither individual local authorities nor the broad local authority associations are equipped to fill. Hence, new single issue local authority associations such as the Coalfield Communities Campaign , have been formed. They are necessitated by the unwillingness of broad local authority associations to preoccupy themselves with sectional and possibly divisive single issues and the inability of individual local authorities to command sufficient power within the policy community. As such they may well represent a fundamental change in the policy network, though it remains to be seen whether or not they will have a long‐term role.

Topic: Political and Economic history of UK and US
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Serum IgG Antibodies Reactive with Potential Periodontal Pathogens and Other Subgingival Plaque Bacteria in a Population of Male British Adolescents with Minimal Destructive Periodontitis

AbstractWe have estimated the levels of IgG antibodies by solid-phase ELISA to the whole cells of a variety of bacteria from dental plaque in 100 male adolescents with minimal destructive periodontitis and gingivitis. IgG antibodies were found to all the organisms tested and the levels varied to each both within subjects as well as between subjects. The levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia but no other organism correlated with the probeable crevice depth. The correlation with P. intermedia was shown to be probably due to a cross-reactive antigen(s) with P. gingivalis. The levels of antibodies were highly correlated with each other and to the levels of total IgG, but no significant crossreactivity could be demonstrated between diverse species. This suggested that we were measuring the general ability of these subjects to respond immunologically to a commensal flora.Key Words: IgGAntibodiesPlaqueBacteriaGingivitis

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards a theory of extremely intermittent pulsars I: Does something orbits PSR B1931 + 24 ?

We investigate whether one or many companions are orbiting the extremely intermittent pulsar PSR B1931+24. We constrained our analysis on previous observations of eight fundamental properties of PSR B1931+24. The most puzzling properties are the intermittent nature of the pulsar's activity, with active and quiet phases that alternate quasi-periodically; the variation of the slowing-down rate of its period between active and quiet phases; and because there are no timing residuals, it is highly unlikely that the pulsar has a massive companion. Here, we examine the effects that one putative companion immersed in the magnetospheric plasma or the wind of the pulsar might have, as well as the associated electric current distribution. We analysed several possibilities for the distance and orbit of this hypothetical companion and the nature of its interaction with the neutron star. We show that if the quasi-periodic behaviour of PSR B1931+24 was caused by a companion orbiting the star with a period of 35 or 70 days, the radio emissions, usually considered to be those of the pulsar would in that specific case be emitted in the companion's environment. We analysed four possible configurations and conclude that none of them would explain the whole set of peculiar properties of PSR 1931+24. We furthermore considered a period 70 days for the precession of the periastron associated to an orbit very close to the neutron star. This hypothesis is analysed in a companion paper.

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pertussis Toxin and Lipopolysaccharide Influence Phagocytosis of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>by Human Monocytes

ABSTRACT The potential of human monocytes to mediate the clearance of Bordetella pertussis infection was examined. Bacteria expressing green fluorescent protein were incubated with adherent peripheral blood monocytes, and phagocytosis was quantified by using fluorescence microscopy. Monocytes internalized only a small percentage of the adherent bacteria. Surface-associated Bvg-regulated virulence factors, including adenylate cyclase toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, did not affect attachment or phagocytosis. However, 1-h pretreatment with purified pertussis toxin inhibited the ability of monocytes to internalize wild-type bacteria. Mutations affecting the terminal trisaccharide of lipopolysaccharide resulted in reduced internalization without affecting adherence of bacteria to monocytes. Opsonization with human serum played only a modest role in promoting phagocytosis. The viability of internalized bacteria was determined by colony counts following treatment with polymyxin B and gentamicin. Less than 1% of internalized bacteria remained viable. These results suggest that pertussis toxin plays a role in the evasion of monocyte phagocytosis and that these cells represent a potential mediator of the clearance of B. pertussis infection.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences