jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Valuation of Non-Life Liabilities from Claims Triangles

This paper provides a complete program for the valuation of aggregate non-life insurance liability cash flows based on claims triangle data. The valuation is fully consistent with the principle of valuation by considering the costs associated with a transfer of the liability to a so-called reference undertaking subject to capital requirements throughout the runoff of the liability cash flow. The valuation program includes complete details on parameter estimation, bias correction and conservative estimation of the value of the liability under partial information. The latter is based on a new approach to the estimation of mean squared error of claims reserve prediction.

Topic: Probability and Risk Models
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interest Rate Optionality in Fixed‐Rate Mortgage

In a fixed-rate mortgage portfolio, the rights of customers to prepay will impact the fair value as well as the risk characteristics of the mortgage portfolio. The prepayment characteristics including speed and profile depend on many factors, which can be divided into two distinguished yet entangled categories: propensity factors; and financial market factors. Prepayment optionality is closely associated with the convexity effect. This chapter first explains the convexity effect, and discusses the topic of quantifying prepayment option. It then uses the option-based prepayment technique (OBPT) to analyse a real-life example of fixed-rate mortgage portfolio. The portfolio has a range of fixed rates and fixed periods. The chapter then discusses early redemption charge, which has two effects: it can deter prepayment as well as offset the prepayment resulted hedging costs. It also clarifies the scope and suitability of the OBPT, and explains how to analyse the fixed-rate mortgage selling period optionality.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ring closure, of 2‐benzylamino‐1‐phenylethanols to 4‐phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines

Abstract The, facile preparation of 4‐pbenyltetrabydroisoquinolines by the acid‐catalyzed cyclization of 2‐benzylamino‐1‐pbenyletbanols and related compounds is described along with a discussion of the scope, limitations, and possible mechanism of the reaction.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DNA and chromosome breaks induced by {sup 123}I-estrogen in CHO cells

The effects of the Auger electron-emitting isotope I-123, covalently bound to estrogen, on DNA single- and double-strand breakage and on chromosome breakage was determined in estrogen positive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-ER) cells. Exposure to the {sup 123}I-estrogen induced both single- and double-strand breaks with a ratio of single- to double-strand breaks of 2.2. The corresponding ratio with {sup 60}Co gamma rays was 15.6. The dose-response was biphasic suggesting that either receptor sites are saturated at high does, or that there is a nonrandom distribution of breaks induced by the {sup 123}I-estrogen. The {sup 123}I-estrogen treatment induced chromosome aberrations with an efficiency of about 1 aberration for each 1,000 disintegrations per cell. This corresponds to the mean lethal dose of {sup 123}I-estrogen for these cells suggesting that the lethal event induced by the Auger electron emitter bound to estrogen is a chromosome aberration. Most of the chromosome-type aberrations were dicentrics and rings, suggesting that {sup 123}I-estrogen-induced chromosome breaks are rejoined. The F-ratio, the ratio of dicentrics to centric rings, was 5.8 {plus_minus} 1.7, which is similar to that seen with high LET radiations. Their results suggest that I-123 bound to estrogen is an efficient clastogenic agent, that the cytotoxic damage produced by I-123 bound to estrogen is very like high LET-induced damage, and the I-123 in the estrogen-receptor-DNA complex is probably in close proximity to the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transport and Golgi organization 2 deficiency with a prominent elevation of <scp>C14</scp>:1 during a metabolic crisis: A case report

Abstract Mutations in transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog ( TANGO2 ) have recently been described as a cause of an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by episodes of metabolic crisis associated with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we report a case of a one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old Japanese girl, born to nonconsanguineous parents, who presented with metabolic crisis characterized by hypoglycemia with hypoketonemia, rhabdomyolysis, lactic acidosis, and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) at the age of 6 months. Acylcarnitine analysis during the episode of crisis showed prominent elevation of C14:1, suggesting very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. In addition, worsening rhabdomyolysis was observed after intravenous administration of L‐carnitine. VLCAD deficiency was initially suspected; however, the enzyme activity in lymphocytes was only mildly decreased at the gene carrier level, and no mutation in the VLCAD gene ( ADADVL ) was detected. Subsequently, acylcarnitine analysis was nonspecific at 17‐h fasting and almost normal during the stable phase. Eventually, a trio whole‐exome sequencing revealed a compound heterozygous variant of two novel variants in the TANGO2 gene, a missense variant, and a deletion of exon 7. This is the first case of TANGO2 deficiency in Asians. Our case suggests that elevated C14:1 may be seen in severe metabolic crises and that the use of L‐carnitine should be avoided during metabolic crises.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SH269455.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Continuous Subjective Workload Assessment Technique

Despite the wide usage of the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), it has two main problems: it is not so sensitive at low mental workload and it requires a card sorting procedure that is time consuming. This paper suggests improvements to the original SWAT scale. The card sorting procedure has been replaced by a pair-wise comparison procedure similar to that of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration- Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). In addition, a continuous scale is used instead of the discrete SWAT scale. This Continuous SWAT scale (C-SWAT) has been compared experimentally with the original SWAT scale using simple arithmetic tasks. Results show that the “new ” procedure takes significantly less time than the original card sorting procedure. The results also seem to indicate that C-SWAT is sensitive at low mental workloads. At medium mental workloads, the SWAT and C-SWAT scales give similar results.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in Bacterial Community Structure During Preceding and Degraded Period of Cyanobacterial Bloom in a Bay of the Taihu Lake

Diversity of bacterioplankton in March and September (2004) in the eutrophic Meiliang Bay was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequences. Result showed that community composition, especially the most dominant bacteria during preceding and degraded period of Cyanobacterial bloom was different. Clones in the March clone library (M3) were mostly affiliated with Bacteroidetes (42.7%), β-Proteobacteria (18.4%), α-Proteobacteria (16.5%) and Actinobacteria (16.5%), while clones in the September clone library (M9) were mainly affiliated with cyanobacteria (28.8%), β-Proteobacteria (25.0%), Actinobacteria (17.3%) and α-Proteobacteria (15.4%). Greater diversity in sequence composition was found in M9 (11 clusters) than that in M3 (7 clusters). Compared with related study, α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were widely found in the Taihu Lake, whereas γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were more frequently detected in sediments, and Bacteroidetes were abundant in water. Most 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from the two libraries were closely related to freshwater bacteria in different aquatic ecosystems including oligo-, meso-and eu-trophic lakes. A large number of clones were originated from the Yangtze River. The sequences represented in marine habitats were rarely found except the members of Bacteroidetes. Fig 2, Tab 3, Ref 21

Topic: Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Brachioradialis Re-Routing for the Restoration of Active Supination and Correction of Forearm Pronation Deformity in Cerebral Palsy

A brachioradialis muscle rerouting procedure was used to restore active supination in five children with cerebral palsy and a pronation deformity. Following release and lengthening of the pronator quadratus and pronator teres muscles, respectively, the brachioradialis tendon was divided as a Z plasty and the distal part of the tendon was passed through the interosseous space in a dorsal to palmar direction, and then sutured to its proximal end. The procedure resulted in a gain of 81° of active supination.

Topic: Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Silage Yield of Exotic Corn<sup>1</sup>

Abstract Tall‐growing, late‐maturing tropical types of corn ( Zea mays L.), commonly called exotics, were compared with local hybrids for silage production. Exotics yielded 13 to 41% more dry matter, 4 to 28% more estimated total digestible nutrients, less crude protein but more fiber. Exotics would be most useful for management regimes demanding maximum silage production but tolerating less than optimum quality.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cervical cancer screening knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs of Vietnamese women.

When planning programs to promote cervical cancer screening, nurses must target those at greatest risk--Vietnamese women. Culturally sensitive educational interventions and cervical cancer screening programs for Vietnamese women are needed to increase Pap test utilization and the early detection of cervical cancer.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adjustment of faecal worm egg count for faecal moisture content will not affect rate of genetic gain when selecting for worm resistance in Merino sheep

Faecal worm egg count (WEC) of Merino sheep at weaning and hogget age were analysed to determine to what extent re-ranking would occur when WEC is adjusted to a standard dry matter basis. The phenotypic correlation between WEC and dry matter adjusted WEC was 0.69 or higher in weaners and hogget animals. This indicates that some re-ranking will occur but as the genetic correlation between WEC and dry matter adjusted WEC was very high (>0.92) this indicates that these traits are genetically the same traits and that adjusting WEC for faecal moisture content would not increase genetic progress in selecting for worm resistance.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Tale Of Food Cities: Gastronomy and Community Identity in an Urban Work Environment

Ever since the rise of urban Modernist ideology and mass domestic industrialization in the first half of the twentieth century, innercity community identity has been at jeopardy. Reform efforts have generally targeted city council, highway agency, and public housing policies, all in an attempt to de-mechanize a city and reform existing developments. For this reason, very few efforts to reestablish urban community identities have been directed towards reforming existing industries. This paper briefly explores how the application of principles found in rural gastronomics can aid in the reestablishment of urban identity.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Irreversible antagonism of 5HT2c receptors by <i>N</i> -ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ)

To determine if N -ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), a carboxyl group activating agent, can inactivate 5HT2c receptors, we have examined the effects of EEDQ on 5HT2c receptor-mediated responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in Xenopus oocytes, and on the binding of [ 3 H]5HT to 5HT2c receptors in transfected HeLa cells. In oocytes expressing rat 5HT2c receptors, EEDQ inhibited the 5HT2c receptor-mediated Cl − currents; and the response did not recover more than 24 h after removal of the EEDQ. To see if this effect of EEDQ was on the receptor itself, the binding of 5HT to 5HT2c receptors was studied in transfected HeLa cells. EEDQ decreased the specific binding of [ 3 H]5HT to 5HT2c receptors. At ≈22°C, incubating the membranes with 2 × 10 −4 M EEDQ for 1 h caused a 40% decrease in the B max , without changing the K d . At 37°C, the same treatment with EEDQ blocked [ 3 H]5HT binding completely. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at 5 μM EEDQ at both temperatures, and washing for 1.5 h did not restore the binding, suggesting that the inactivation of 5HT2c receptor binding was practically irreversible. Results from both systems showed clearly that EEDQ is an irreversible antagonist of 5HT2c receptors and therefore can be used for many studies of this receptor.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Improving the Reliability of Airframe Inspections through the Use of Inspection Validation

The reliable inspection of airframes is a niatter of growing concern to nanufacturers, operators and regulators. In the US the FAA has established the National Aging Aircraft Program. A significant portion of this program is devoted to non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies and their application to aging aircraft. A major milestone in meeting the requirements of the programme has been the establishment of the Aging Aircraft NDI Development and Demonstration Center (AANC) at Sandia National Laroratories in Albuquerque. Within the European Cormnunity, similar concerns about the reliability of aircraft inspection have led to the award of a contract under the BRITE-Eurarn scheme to a consortium headed by AEA Technology. The consortium, which comprises aircraft nianufacturers, operators and rraintainers together with academic and RandD establishments, will address the requirements for Improving the Reliability of Inspection. This paper will describe how Inspection Validation will be used as a tool to benchmark existing aircraft inspection procedures, and as a measure of the effectiveness of emergin new techniques such as advanced ultrasonics, thermography and shearography, which are also being developed by the consortium.

Topic: Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental studies of the efficiency of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds from aqueous solutions

Features of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds from aqueous solutions containing sodium salts were experimentally determined and studied for the first time. The role was identified that anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants added to various supporting electrolytes (sulfate, chloride, carbonate, nitrate) play in the efficiency of electroflotation recovery of poorly soluble lanthanum compounds. The possibility of electroflotation recovery of lanthanum hydroxide with an efficiency of 95–99% was experimentally and theoretically substantiated.

Topic: Industrial Engineering and Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring knowledge networks for e-government services: A comparative case study of two local governments in Korea

The purpose of this research is to explore knowledge networks for e-government services. A primary research question is "What are the knowledge network conditions under which government organizations deliver high-performance of e-government services?" To answer this question, I take a social network perspective to examine knowledge networks for providing e-government services in a local government setting. I designed a comparative case study where I explored knowledge networks for the online parking services of two Korean local governments. The findings of the first study emphasize that knowledge sharing opportunity matters for the perceived e-government effectiveness. Network actors with better opportunity to access knowledge possessed by others are found to perceive greater e-government effectiveness. Through the analysis of the knowledge networks of the two local governments, I found that e-government performance is likely to be enhanced (1) when local governments allocate strong ties with external stakeholders (such as IT vendors and upper level government organizations) to explore novel knowledge for e-government services; (2) at the same time, they maintain strong ties among internal stakeholders to exploit their knowledge residing organization units; (3) when cross-unit knowledge sharing--between program and IT units in particular--emerges from denser e-government knowledge networks; (4) when knowledge networks are decentralized across network actors; and (5) when cross-unit boundary spanners are embedded in denser local knowledge networks and there are strong ties among their contacts, as well as between cross-unit boundary spanners and their contacts.

Topic: E-Government and Public Services
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 12263: Lack of Diversity in Aortic Stenosis Progression Cohorts: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by highly variable progression rates. Differential rates of AS progression have been proposed to explain apparent disparities in the treatment of severe AS. However, the evidence supporting this claim is uncertain. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1989 to 2022 to identify prospective cohort studies of AS hemodynamic progression. We evaluated the pooled patient demographics, AS severity, baseline and mean annual changes in echocardiographic markers, and prognostic factors. Results: We identified 32 prospective cohort studies. Overall, 11,432 patients were followed for 27 +/- 15 months on average. The average age was 67 +/- 8 years. The average percent female was 36 +/- 14%. Race was reported in only 4 (13%) cohorts; the average proportion of white patients was 93.9 +/- 6.1%. The average baseline hemodynamic severity was consistent with aortic sclerosis, mild AS, moderate AS, and severe AS in 3 (9.4%), 8 (25.0%), 19 (59.3%), and 2 (6.3%) studies, respectively. Overall, average baseline and annual changes in echocardiographic values were: peak aortic jet velocity (Vmax) 3.21 +/- 0.61 m/s (0.20 +/- 0.09 m/s/yr); aortic valve area (AVA) 1.23 +/- 0.31 cm2 (-0.09 +/- 0.05 cm2/yr); and mean aortic valve gradient (MG) 26.2 +/- 7.6 mmHg (3.9 +/- 1.6 mmHg/yr). Age, sex, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were not associated with AS progression in &gt;75% cohorts. Baseline Vmax and MG were associated with greater AS progression in 6 cohorts (75%). Baseline aortic valve calcification (AVC) and AVA were consistently associated with greater AS progression in 9 cohorts (100%). One cohort found that women have a greater ΔMG for a given level of AVC. A univariate analysis of race in one cohort showed that African American ethnicity was associated with lower risk of progression from normal aortic valves to incident AS. Conclusion: There is limited representation of women and ethnic minorities in prospective AS progression cohorts. Active recruitment of diverse populations in these cohorts is needed. The available clinical evidence provides limited support for claims of differential progression as the cause of racial disparities in AS treatment.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Distortion Optimization in Enriched Video Traces

Video compression and streaming over lossy wire- less networks is the current trend in telecommunication and encouraged by major carriers to increase their services portfolio. However, the technological challenges are still tackled to enable the delivery of high quality video. In our previous work, we devel- oped a per stream distortion model that is based on the extended Gilbert model. We expanded our definition of the verbose video trace file with embedded coefficients derived from our distortion model. These coefficients are video quality descriptors that we associate with Quality of Service parameters that are measured in real-simulation time. In this work, we devise an optimization algorithm that is based on the distortion model to enhance the received video quality in End-to-End (E2E) communications. Our optimization algorithm is tested in multiple simulations to verify its validity. We report the results from our simulations that indicate significant improvements when this optimization algorithm is deployed in Edge Routers in conjunction with our video stream distortion coefficients and network metrics. I. INTRODUCTION

Topic: Image and Video Quality Assessment
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences