jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Validating the accuracy and repeatability of transition analysis for age estimation in South Africa

Transition analysis transforms skeletal traits with an invariant, unidirectional series of&#13;\nstages into a likelihood function with a maximum likelihood value and a 95%&#13;\nconfidence interval. Boldsen et al. used transition analysis to develop an adult age&#13;\nestimation method employing components of the cranial sutures, pubic symphysis&#13;\nand ilial portion of the sacroiliac joint, used either in combination or individually. This&#13;\nvalidation study aimed to use the 36 transition analysis numerical, categorical scores&#13;\nfor the anatomical features in conjunction with the ADBOU computer program to&#13;\nassess the accuracy and precision of the age estimates for 149 black individuals&#13;\nfrom the Pretoria Bone Collection. In addition, the effect of observer variability in&#13;\nscoring of these traits was assessed. Six age estimations were generated by the&#13;\nADBOU computer program using 1) the cranial sutures only, 2) the pubic symphysis&#13;\nonly, 3) the auricular surface of the ilium only, 4) all three features combined, 5) all&#13;\nthree features combined and modified by a forensic prior distribution and 6) all three&#13;\nfeatures combined and modified by an archaeological prior distribution. The six point&#13;\nestimate categories, calculated from the maximum likelihood values, were evaluated&#13;\nfor accuracy using mean absolute values. The 95% confidence intervals were&#13;\nevaluated for range width and accuracy. Cohen’s Kappa statistics were used to&#13;\nanalyse repeatability of the scoring procedure through inter- and intra-observer&#13;\nagreement and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA statistics to determine the effect of observer&#13;\ndifferences on the final age estimates. The usefulness of the age ranges were&#13;\ndiminished by large widths encompassing up to 95 years. The accuracy for the point&#13;\nestimates fared better for the combined skeletal indicators and overall accuracy was&#13;\nimproved by using the archaeological prior distribution. The archaeological prior&#13;\ndistribution was also responsible for narrowing the age ranges, especially in the&#13;\nolder ages (over 70 years). Age estimates did not differ significantly when using&#13;\ninter- and intra-observer scores, but experience with the method did seem to&#13;\nimprove results. Overall, age ranges were too wide, but accuracy could potentially be&#13;\nimproved by adding more skeletal components to the method and using a&#13;\npopulation-specific prior distribution. The method would need considerable&#13;\nadjustments to make it usable in a South African setting.

Topic: Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biochemical analysis of the factors controlling the process of membrane tubule formation from the Golgi complex

Membranous tubules are very abundant structures in living cells and form or are part of most intracellular organelles. The Golgi apparatus is mainly formed by tubules, which adopt different geometries and conformations. However, their physiological role has not yet been established and this is mainly due to the almost absolute lack of knowledge about the biochemical mechanisms regulating their formation, maintenance and disruption. The aim of this thesis was to investigate in a systematic way these mechanisms. The first step has been to set up an in vitro morphological assay suitable for the visualisation of Golgi-associated tubules in isolated Golgi stacks. This assay was based on electron microscopy and specifically on negative staining of whole-mount preparations. It allowed both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphological changes of Golgiassociated tubules after in vitro incubations. This assay was then used for screening several molecules or experimental conditions for their effect on tubular homeostasis. Among them, the most significant was BARS (BFA-dependent ADP-Ribosylation Substrate), a protein previously implicated in the maintenance of Golgi architecture. BARS has been found to cause the selective breakdown of the tubular part of the Golgi complex promoting fission events which convert the tubular structures into clusters of vesicles. This effect correlated with the enzymatic activity of BARS, which acts as an acyl-CoA dependent lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase (LPAAT), increasing phosphatidic acid (PA) levels in Golgi membranes. This suggests that local modifications of the composition of the lipid bilayer is a possible mechanism for the fission of membranous tubules.

Topic: Cellular transport and secretion
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Developing an instrument for assessing students’ concepts of the nature of technology

Background:The nature of technology has been rarely discussed despite the fact that technology plays an essential role in modern society. It is important to discuss students' concepts of the nature of technology, and further to advance their technological literacy and adaptation to modern society. There is a need to assess high school students' concepts of the nature of technology.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of blood mercury, immune response, heat shock and oxidative stress marker in free-ranging chicken (Gallus Gallus domesticus) from gold mining areas in Zamfara State, Nigeria

We investigated serum mercury, immune response, heat shock and oxidative stress marker in free-ranging chicken (Gallus Gallus domesticus) from Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas. Six groups were created from sixty free-ranging chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus), three each from ASGM and non-ASGM areas. Immune response, heat shock and oxidative stress markers were analysed, and multivariate and univariate data analysis were used to discriminate the difference in the study group. Results revealed a significant increase in serum mercury (Hg) from chicken in ASGM areas. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), catalase and total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased, while lactic acid dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased in animals from ASGM areas. A unit increase in GPx and GSH significantly corresponds to a decrease in serum Hg by 0.001 μg/mL and 0.206 μg/mL, respectively. While a unit increase in MDA significantly corresponds to an increase in serum Hg level by 0.003 μg/mL. The activities of HSP-70, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in the serum of chicken from ASGM areas. All significance at p < 0.05. ASGM activities result in mercury bioaccumulation with potential health effects caused by dysregulated immunity, heat shock and oxidative stress.

Topic: Mercury impact and mitigation studies
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Realization of a Resonant Fermi Gas with a Large Effective Range

We have measured the interaction energy and three-body recombination rate for a two-component Fermi gas near a narrow Feshbach resonance and found both to be strongly energy dependent. Even for deBroglie wavelengths greatly exceeding the van der Waals length scale, the behavior of the interaction energy as a function of temperature cannot be described by atoms interacting via a contact potential. Rather, energy-dependent corrections beyond the scattering length approximation are required, indicating a resonance with an anomalously large effective range. For fields where the molecular state is above threshold, the rate of three-body recombination is enhanced by a sharp, two-body resonance arising from the closed-channel molecular state which can be magnetically tuned through the continuum. This narrow resonance can be used to study strongly correlated Fermi gases that simultaneously have a sizeable effective range and a large scattering length.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Child Sexual Abuse and Problems Reported by Survivors of CSA: A Meta-Review

A systematic meta-review of reviews and meta-analyses on problems reported by survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) was conducted. The aim was to comprise a comprehensive overview of 1) problems reported by survivors of CSA, and 2) variables moderating these relations. Two raters independently conducted a search through PubMed, PsychINFO, Campbell Library, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Twenty-five reviews and meta-analyses reporting on 53 problems related to CSA were analyzed. All fell into five domains: medical, psychological, sexual, repeated (self-)harm, and a final category of other problems. Thirty-six of all problems (68%) were consistently and significantly more commonly reported by CSA survivors as compared to individuals without a history of CSA. Most moderator analyses did not significantly influence these relationships. In conclusion, CSA is associated with various problems across different domains and overall, these problems are prevalent independent of specific characteristics of and circumstances surrounding the abuse.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Tectone, a New Antihyperglycemic Anthraquinone from <i>Tectona grandis</i> Leaves

A new anthraquinone (3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone), named tectone (1), along with fourteen known compounds (2-15) comprised of five terpenoids (2-5, 15), four flavonoids (6-9), three flavone glycosides (10-12), and two phenolic glycosides (13-14) were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol fractions of the ethanol extract of Tectona grandis leaves. Attempts were made to synthesize compound 1. This resulted in the synthesis of three additional anthraquinones (16-18), out of which compound 16 is new. The structures of all compounds were established by spectral analysis. The isolated and synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 14 showed significant antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, which is comparable to the standard drug metformin.

Topic: Morinda citrifolia extract uses
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spiriti. Otto fotografi raccontano Giancarlo De Carlo a UrbinoSpiriti. Eight photographers recount Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino

Giancarlo De Carlo, in the introduction to the volume Il Palazzo di Federico da Montefeltro, 1985, edited by Maria Luisa Polichetti, speaks of Luciano Laurana and Francesco di Giorgio Martini as the “spirits” of the Palazzo. We cannot help but imagine De Carlo himself as a presence for the city, always present and alive through his project. In L’architettura della partecipazione he exposes how often the representation of architecture does not include the people who live in it; a custom whose origins the author traces back to the “individual monocentric vision” of the Renaissance perspective. Based on this consideration eight internationally renowned photographers, Urbino ISIA teachers, tell the story of De Carlo’s work in Urbino. These images tell the story of De Carlo in Urbino today. What interests us is their potential as a lesson for the present. Paola Binante, Luca Capuano, Mario Cresci, Paola De Pietri, Jason Fulford, Stefano Graziani, Armin Linke, Giovanna Silva, explore and recount the nature of this lesson through photography. Alongside their multiple perspectives is the performative work, carried out by the graphic designer Patrick Lacey and the artist Ben Cain, with the ISIA students and the narrations developed by the students of the Iuav University of Venice, together with Armin Linke, using photographic material from the archives. Besides curators’ texts, this book includes contributions by Roberta Valtorta, with respect to the long-term relationship between architecture and photography, by Mirko Zardini, on De Carlo’s relationship with the city of Urbino, and by Sara Marini, on the architect’s textual production.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Educating Adult Learners for Child Welfare Practice

ABSTRACT This article describes the Title IV-E Child Welfare Training Program at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the specific programmatic issues attendant to adult learners. Knowles' model of adult education is presented and then used to analyze the selection/recruitment process, curriculum development, field instruction, and the students' own evaluation of their educational experience. Implications are drawn for other programs with a high percentage of adult learners.

Topic: Adult and Continuing Education Topics
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pseudocyrtohymenides Jung & Park & Min 2017, nov. gen.

Pseudocyrtohymenides nov. gen. Diagnosis: Oxytrichidae with undulating membranes in Australocirrus – Cyrtohymena pattern; body flexible, colorless cytoplasm; cortical granules present; non-fragmented dorsal kinety 3 and one or more dorsomarginal kineties (Urosomoida pattern); caudal cirri lacking. Type species: Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. spec. Etymology: Composite of the generic name Pseudocyrtohymena and the Greek suffix - ides (similar), meaning a ciliate similar to Pseudocyrtohymena; masculine gender.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Colonic and anorectal dysfunction in a patient with the tethered cord syndrome.

Although visceral dysfunction is commonly encountered in the tethered cord syndrome, alteration of intestinal motor and sensory function has not yet been specifically addressed in this neurological disorder. We report the case of a 54-yr-old woman with a rare form of adult onset tethered cord syndrome who presented to us for preoperative assessment of marked constipation, urinary and fecal incontinence, and a rectal prolapse. It is shown that the tethered cord syndrome causes complex clinical patterns of bowel dysfunction and that careful efforts are mandatory to differentiate their underlying pathology. Specific diagnostic procedures directed to intestinal motility and perception were of decisive importance in enabling us to apply the appropriate treatment to our patient.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inverse Solutions for One-Dimensional Seismic Waves in Elastic, Inhomogeneous Media

An inverse procedure is developed for obtaining exact solutions to the one-dimensional inhomogeneous wave equation. Transformations of the independent spatial variable and the dependent variable are introduced so that the wave equation assumes the form associated with a homogeneous material. The resulting transformation relations are nonlinear but of such a nature that they can be easily integrated if the reciprocal of the wave speed distribution can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. One functional form that yields realistic values for material properties of soil layers is investigated in detail. Amplification factors for a sinusoidal seismic shear wave in inhomogeneous and homogeneous layers are derived and illustrations of significantly different characteristics for the two types of layers are shown.

Topic: Seismic Waves and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
A. D. Gordon: a transcendental Zionist

A. D. Gordon was a Utopian mystic whose personal ethical system became the philosophical mainstay of the early pioneer movement in Palestine. He personfied socialist-Zionism, that pragmatic synthesis of Judaism, socialism, humanitarianism and naturalism from which the dominant nationalist ideology of the modern state of Israel evolved. But Gordon was more than a nationalist philosopher; he was also an educator. Gordon himself viewed his theories as educational rather than philosophical. In fact, Gordon, the educator, had a greater impact on the pioneer movement than Gordon, the philosopher. He educated and inspired others by setting the highest personal standards for himself. Aaron David Gordon was born in Mir Trayance, Russia, in 1856. He left there to study for a year in Vilno when he was 14, but returned to Mir where he became a cashier, a job he held for the next twenty-three years even though he disliked it intensely. It was not until he was 47 years old, in 1903, that he finally decided to leave his family to go to Palestine, and he departed the following year. On arrival, he first went to work at Petah-Tikva, a well-established Zionist settlement where the Jewish concerns relied heavily on Arab workers for much of the hard labour in the vineyards. Gordon soon realized that this settlement was not a model for a new society but a duplication of the old. Thus he was instrumental in forming the first Palestine-based socialist-Zionist organization, Hapo'el Hatzacir, in 1906, a mission-oriented group of pioneers who went to the Galilee and settled in Dagania where Gordon lived until his death in 1923. An unusual feature of the first Hapo'el Hatzacir platform was its call for revitalizing the Hebrew language, which is not so curious when one looks into the origins of its creators. Members of Hapo'el Hatzacir, like Gordon, came from bourgeois middle-class homes where the Hassidic tradition was strong and the Hebrew language preserved and spoken. In this sense, they differed greatly from Marxist-oriented socialists who were recruited largely from the ranks of assimilationists, those who attended the Russian gymnasium and adopted the language and customs of the locality in which they lived. For Gordon and his followers, Zionism was the dominant force and influence that pervaded everything they did. For the Marxist-socialists, Zionist goals were subordinate to the dictates of the socialist revolution. Where the Marxists were dogmatic and doctrinaire, seeking to force Zionism to conform to their preconceived notions of socialism, Hapo'el Hatzaeir was founded with the idea of creating a truly Zionist way of life, adapting socialist principles to their unique needs and institutions. The two camps inevitably viewed each other with suspicion even though both were socialist in practice. In examining Gordon, it is necessary first to explore the roots of his F

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple parton radiation in hadroproduction at lepton-hadron colliders

I discuss the impact of the the coherent parton radiation on semi-inclusive production of hadrons in deep inelastic scattering at lepton-proton colliders. Such radiation can be consistently described in the $b$-space resummation formalism, which was originally developed to improve theoretical description of production of hadrons at $e^+e^-$ colliders and electroweak vector bosons at hadron-hadron colliders. I present the detailed derivation of the resummed cross section and the energy flow at the next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD. The theoretical results are compared to the experimental data measured at the $ep$ collider HERA. I argue that semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) at lepton-hadron colliders offers exceptional opportunities to study coherent parton radiation, which are not available yet at colliders of other types.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Internal Migration in the United States

We review patterns in migration within the US over the past thirty years.Internal migration has fallen noticeably since the 1980s, reversing increases from earlier in the century.The decline in migration has been widespread across demographic and socioeconomic groups, as well as for moves of all distances.Although a convincing explanation for the secular decline in migration remains elusive and requires further research, we find only limited roles for the housing market contraction and the economic recession in reducing migration recently.Despite its downward trend, migration within the US remains higher than that within most other developed countries.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comprehensive Review of 2$β$ Decay Half-Lives

The double-beta (2β)-decay is the rarest nuclear physics process, and its experimental half-lives (T&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt;) exceed the age of the Universe from nine to fourteen orders of magnitude. Double-beta decay was observed, and its half-life was measured in 14 parent nuclei using direct, radiochemical, and geochemical methods. The decay observables are analyzed using the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) procedures, and the recommended T&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt; were deduced. Using the calculated values of phase factors, the effective nuclear matrix elements were extracted and compared with available data. Thousands of theoretical and experimental works have been dedicated to these topics in the last 85 years, and we present two data sets of recommended values to encapsulate the results.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Five Guiding Principles to Make Jupyter Notebooks Fit for Earth Observation Data Education

There is a growing demand to train Earth Observation (EO) data users in how to access and use existing and upcoming data. A promising tool for data-related training is computational notebooks, which are interactive web applications that combine text, code and computational output. Here, we present the Learning Tool for Python (LTPy), which is a training course (based on Jupyter notebooks) on atmospheric composition data. LTPy consists of more than 70 notebooks and has taught over 1000 EO data users so far, whose feedback is overall positive. We adapted five guiding principles from different fields (mainly scientific computing and Jupyter notebook research) to make the Jupyter notebooks more educational and reusable. The Jupyter notebooks developed (i) follow the literate programming paradigm by a text/code ratio of 3, (ii) use instructional design elements to improve navigation and user experience, (iii) modularize functions to follow best practices for scientific computing, (iv) leverage the wider Jupyter ecosystem to make content accessible and (v) aim for being reproducible. We see two areas for future developments: first, to collect feedback and evaluate whether the instructional design elements proposed meet their objective; and second, to develop tools that automatize the implementation of best practices.

Topic: Scientific Computing and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S6 from A Novel Inhibitor of Topoisomerase I Is Selectively Toxic for a Subset of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6. Activation of ATF4 is not involved in toxicity induced by SW044248.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences