jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converter

This chapter discusses how the predictive control often referred to as a model predictive control approach is becoming more popular and is widely employed to control the power converters. The cost function consists of multiple control objectives, which are optimized for weighting factors to reach the desired system behavior. The resulting switching state is then applied to the converter. The digital implementation of model predictive control (MPC) approach requires a discrete-time model of the MMC system. The discrete-time (DT) model is obtained from the discretization of continuous-time (CT) model. The front-end rectifier of MMC is modeled as a constant DC source. The rectifier output is connected to the positive and negative bars of each leg of an MMC system through a DC-line. The DC-line is modeled as an inductor and a series resistance. The output current flows through the converter legs to the load. The difference between the upper and lower arm current gives the magnitude of the current owing through the load. The circulating current flows among the converter legs due to the difference between the upper and lower arm voltages. The circulating current mainly consists of even-order harmonic components corresponding to the multiples of twice the fundamental frequency.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies on Anterior and Posterior Differences among Various Occlusal Positions in Edentulous Patients

The author classify the 84 edentulous subjects into sex and occlusal equilibration, furthermore; the apexes of lateral incisal tracing are measured at protrusive (POP), centric (COP), swallowing (SOP) and caspular occlusal positions (CaOP). The frequency of occlusal type and distance between each occlusal position at each subject are researched.1. The occlusal types on the tracing plate are classified as the following four kinds. That is type I (POP, COP, SOP and CaOP are individually traced), type II (POP, COP and CaOP each is traced, but COP and SOP are done together), type III (COP, SOP and CaOP are severally traced, POP is done with COP) and type N (COP and CaOP are respectively traced, COP and CaOP are done all together).2. Regarding the frequency of occlusal type, type I is about 76%, type II about 17%, type III about 5% and type IV about 2%.3. As for the distances among each apex of various occlusal positions. The distance between COP and POP in type I is 1.46mm, type II 0.95mm. The distance between COP and SOP in type I is 0.62mm, in type III 0.57mm. The distance between COP and CaOP in type I is 1.11mm, in type II 0.66mm, in type III 1.04mm and type IV 0.66mm.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Software outsourcing model for risk mitigation

Software outsourcing is the exchange of projects, tasks, resources or activity in distributed environment. Due to mismanagement and wrong decision making in outsourcing tasks there is significant increase in outsourcing risks such as lack of project management; cost savings, specialized human resources, etc. The objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze the risks that are associated with the process of outsourcing and identify the strategies that could be applied to mitigate those risks. We performed a literature review to derive the risks of outsourcing highlighted in existing literature. Then we proposed a model to mitigate the software outsourcing process risks. To empirically evaluate our outsourcing risk mitigation model we have performed case study to overcome the barriers and risks that have a negative impact on the process of selecting outsourcing. Our results indicate that by adopting proposed model two major risks i.e. wrong selection of vendor and communication between the client and the service provider were mitigated.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Collagen and Cellular Proliferation in Spontaneous Canine Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Towards defining an animal model for study of cellular as well as extracellular matrix accumulation in human benign hypertrophy (BPH), cell number and levels of collagen and zinc were measured in normal and spontaneously hypertrophied canine prostate glands. The increased gland weight in canine BPH was accompanied by increased contents of DNA, collagen and zinc. Concentrations of collagen and zinc in BPH did not differ from normal. These findings indicate that canine BPH involves true hyperplasia and may represent an overgrowth of normal cellular and extracellular components. Canine BPH may prove to be a useful animal model for study not only of cellular proliferation, but also of the connective tissue and zinc accumulation in the human disease.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FKN/NR Signaling Pathway Regulates Hippocampal Inflammatory Responses: the Survival of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

Aim. To investigate the mechanism via which FKN/CX3CR1 signaling abnormalities mediate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDA) overexcitation-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in diabetic rats complicated with depression (DD). Methods. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated by open field test and Morris water maze. The pathological changes of hippocampus in DD rats were observed by HE staining. The blood levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and neurotransmitters (D-serine and glutamic acid) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of BDNF, A1 receptor (A1R), A2 receptor (A2R), A3 receptor (A3R), calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII), CX3CR1, CX3CL1 (FKN), NR2A, and NR2B proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting. Results. Compared with the normal control group, blood glucose level increased significantly and body weight decreased in T2DM group and T2DMC group. In addition, the number of spontaneous activities significantly decreased and the capability of learning and memory was attenuated in T2DMC group and Chronic Stress group. The blood levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, glutamate (Glu), and D-serine significantly increased in each model group. After intervention with CX3CR1 antibody, the expressions of BDNF, CaMK II, A1R, and A3R increased and those of A2R, CX3CR1, FKN, NR2A, and NR2B decreased. Conclusion. In the diabetic state, the binding of FKN to CX3CR1 increases, which regulates a variety of adenosine receptors. When it exerts its effect on neurons, the overactivation of NR results in neuronal injury and causes depression.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
An Assessment for the Need to Review the Tanzanian Copyright Law to Tackle Modern Day Piracy Challenges

This research analyses the effectiveness of the copyright law and system in the modern day piracy. The work is built on the hypothesis that the current copyright law is inefficient to tackle the modern day’s piracy. This is because of the various shortfalls noted in the act. The shortfalls are noted by looking at the Copyright and Neighbouring Right Act. The analyses are also done by looking at the other jurisdictions laws especially the US and UK laws on copyright. The shortfalls are noted apart for the fact that Tanzania is a member of various regional and multilateral frameworks on copyright. It is also found that there are no serious efforts to use the support from these various for a meaningful copyright protection in the modern era for the benfits of Tanzanian artists.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Repeat Operations in Failed Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia

FOR THE STUDY of pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia, we performed 31 repeat operations from among 400 patients with trigeminal neuralgia in the past 10 years. Initially, of these 400 patients, 376 underwent microvascular decompression only, and 24 underwent partial sensory rhizotomy with or without microvascular decompression. Fifty-three patients (14%) had recurrences after microvascular decompression, of which 31 patients underwent repeat operations. Among the repeat operations, there was negative exploration in 16 patients (52%), arterial loop compression in 7 (22%), venous compression in 4 (13%), and Teflon compression or adhesion in 4 (13%). Twenty-one patients had early recurrences within 1 year, and 10 patients had late recurrences. Negative exploration and arterial compression were more likely in early recurrence (P = 0.01). Continuing demyelination might occur in patients with negative exploration, even when adequate decompression had been initially performed. Seventy percent of the patients had no recurring pain by way of partial sensory rhizotomy for negative explorations, redecompression of arterial loops, division of offending veins, or lysis and reposition of Teflon. About half of the patients had positive findings that were amenable without rhizotomy in the repeat operations. A repeat operation for failed microvascular decompression is a good choice if the condition of the patient is tolerant.

Topic: Trigeminal Neuralgia and Treatments
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
HE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLE AND THEIR ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL

The study concerned with the correlation between students’ learning style and their English achievement in speaking skill. The aim of this study attempted to examine the correlation between students’ learning style and students’ English achievement on speaking based on their visual and auditory. To achieve this aim of this research, this study employed quantitative method by using an ex-post facto design. The participants of the research consisted of 25 students of the twelfth grade that were chosen randomly in one of senior high schools in Garut. This study also used the questionnaire and students’ speaking score as the research instruments. In this study, the results were shown that tobserved = > tcritical = 0, there was significant correlation between students’ learning style and their English achievement in speaking skill. Determination coefficient was 72 , it showed that learning style get strong influence to their English achievement in speaking skill. In addition, visual learning style had a high influence towards students’ English learning achievement from the result of questionnaire. Therefore, the teacher should applied visual learning style to improve students’ achievement, especially in speaking skill. In other words, by using learning style made the students enjoy and feel comfortable following learning process and easier to comprehend the materials.

Topic: Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
KOMUNIKASI LINGKUNGAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI ISLAM

This study needs to be studied to understand environmental communication in the concept of Islamic communication. The basic concept needs to be understood that Aceh is faced with various kinds of environmental problems that threaten the sustainability of eco-systems, biodiversity, and deterioration of environmental quality. This will also have an impact on increasing the intensity of disasters and decreasing the health quality of the community. Therefore, collective awareness is needed to save a balanced and sustainable environment. The aspect of environmental communication management is a strategic approach to building the collaboration of the parties in making people, industries, companies, governments and anyone aware of having a common awareness and strategy in the context of saving a quality, harmonious and sustainable environment. In the Islamic perspective, communication is an integral part of human life. One of the purposes of communication in Islam is to spread moral values derived from the Qur’an. In the Qur’an, it has been regulated about the procedures for how humans relate to humans and to the environment.

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multipolarization-Reconfigurable Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna

A novel single-feed ultrawideband cavity-backed slot antenna with a reconfigurable polarization capability is demonstrated in substrate-independent air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) technology for Internet-of-Things applications in the [5.15-5.85] GHz frequency band of the unlicensed national information infrastructure. The antenna achieves an ultrawide impedance bandwidth by exploiting a double ring of slots and supports four switchable linear polarization states (+/- 45 degrees, 0 degrees, +45 degrees, and 90 degrees) by leveraging four quartets of p-i-n diodes. By electrically shorting the slots at well-defined positions by these p-i-n diodes, dynamic polarization reconfiguration is achieved by switching their dc bias current, supplied at the antenna feed through an external bias tee and routed from the antenna's back to front cavity plane via the AFSIW sidewalls. This new simple, yet effective, bias network enables the integration of all polarization control electronics inside the antenna cavity to protect them from environmental effects. Finally, measurements prove that the prototype exhibits an overlapping impedance bandwidth of 29%, from 4.85 to 6.45 GHz, and a stable conically shaped radiation pattern across the operating bandwidth with a 3 dB beamwidth of 45 degrees and a peak gain of 6.5 dBi for all four states.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative study of Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis despite being a common problem, remains a difficult diagnosis to establish. A delay to diagnose this condition as well as negative appendicectomies should be prevented. The above problems can be avoided by using scoring systems. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: In this study, 100 cases of appendicitis were admitted. Alvarado and RIPASA scores were applied to all patients. The scores were compared with post-operative histopathology findings.Results: Alvarado score was positive in 75% cases and RIPASA score was present in 90% cases. Histologically, appendicitis was present in 99% cases.Conclusions: RIPASA score is more efficient in diagnosing acute appendicitis compared to Alvarado score.

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What do all these Buttons do? Statically Mining Android User Interfaces at Scale

We introduce FRONTMATTER: a tool to automatically mine both user interface models and behavior of Android apps at a large scale with high precision. Given an app, FRONTMATTER statically extracts all declared screens, the user interface elements, their textual and graphical features, as well as Android APIs invoked by interacting with them. Executed on tens of thousands of real-world apps, FRONTMATTER opens the door for comprehensive mining of mobile user interfaces, jumpstarting empirical research at a large scale, addressing questions such as "How many travel apps require registration?", "Which apps do not follow accessibility guidelines?", "Does the user interface correspond to the description?", and many more. FRONTMATTER and the mined dataset are available under an open-source license.

Topic: Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Top Shelf Exotic

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Topic: Quantum many-body systems
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS BY TALC POUDRAGE

The operation of talc poudrage here described is designed to stop persistent pleural effusions in cases of incurable cancer. The incision permits exploration of the affected hemithorax and can be extended if the lesion is found to be resectable. If it is not resectable, the pleural surfaces are generously dusted with sterile talc (USP) and two fenestrated intercostal drainage tubes are inserted through separate stab wounds; the latter permit application of suction to maintain complete obliteration of the pleural space for 48 to 72 hours. Two cases are described in detail, and the results of 19 operations are described. Thirteen were for primary pulmonary neoplasms; three were for metastatic carcinoma of the breast. In every instance dyspnea was relieved and recurrence of the effusion was prevented. There were no complications or deaths attributable to the operation.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving image quality in intensity-interferometric spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Intensity-interferometric spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (I-SD-OCT), devised recently as a classical analog of quantum OCT, enables axially scanless cross-sectional imaging with an immunity to group-velocity dispersion and a factor-of- resolution improvement. However, unwanted artifacts inevitably emerge in the resultant image. In this paper, it is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that such artifacts can be reduced without any difficulty by means of either a mechanical displacement of the detector for capturing spectral intensity patterns or a numerical displacement of the spectral intensity patterns stored in a computer. Furthermore, it is proved that the I-SD-OCT signal can be extracted from the conventional SD-OCT setup under a certain condition. These two features serve to improve the image quality in I-SD-OCT.

Topic: Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geology and Mining: A Symbiotic Cooperation?!

The challenge to maximize resource efficiency requires the optimal use of all products leaving a mine—not only ore but also waste products—and calls for contributions from and cooperation with every discipline involved as efficiently as possible. These interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary interactions between practitioners and scientists are also an act of learning and take time. They should be initiated at the start of the exploration phase and continue to the postmining stage. This paper focuses on the interactions of geologists and mining engineers, with examples in the exploration phase (preliminary economic evaluations at milestones using the rule of thumb), the feasibility and mine-design stage (bulk testing, test mining, mine design to minimize dilution and losses), the mining stage (grade control, selective mining, especially in smaller-scale deposit mining, and further exploration to extend a mine’s life), waste management during the lifecycle of a mine, and the postmining closure and land-use stage. An additional section addresses the beneficial cooperation in helping small-scale and artisanal miners in developing nations to meet obligations under new laws in industrialized nations regarding due diligence in supply chains and, thereby, support them in retaining their markets and incomes.

Topic: Mining Techniques and Economics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teaching and Learning

Approaches to course delivery tend to rest on the assumption that the most effective ways to deliver courses exist in lectures and written essays or examination. Despite increasing empirical evidence in favor of instruction innovations such as flipped classrooms and variation in assignments, many faculty resist such innovations on the grounds of tradition, biases, or their own neurological differences. This chapter presents these dynamics and strength-based approaches to instruction more attuned to neuroethical concerns.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bandwidth Enhancement of Dual Band Impedance Transformer with Transmission Zero

A dual band planar impedance matching network using a compact quarter wave transformer with wideband characteristics is presented. The quarter wave section can be realized as a cascade of T networks. The degree of compactness and bandwidth enhancement depends upon the number of stages used to implement the quarter wave section. In addition, a stub is used to insert a transmission zero in the response. Impedance bandwidth reported through simulation results is 0.64 GHz in the lower frequency band. The simulated results have been validated through measurements.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Polymeric Extracellular Matrix Nanoremodeler for Activatable Cancer Photo‐Immunotherapy

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has shown tremendous potential to train the intrinsic immune system against malignancy in the clinic. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment is a formidable barrier that not only restricts the penetration of therapeutic drugs but also prevents the infiltration of antitumor immune cells. We herein report a semiconducting polymer‐based ECM nanoremodeler (SPNcb) to combine photodynamic antitumor activity with cancer‐specific inhibition of collagen‐crosslinking enzymes (lysyl oxidase (LOX) family) for activatable cancer photo‐immunotherapy. SPNcb is self‐assembled from an amphiphilic semiconducting polymer conjugated with a LOX inhibitor (β‐aminopropionitrile, BAPN) via a cancer biomarker (cathepsin B, CatB)‐cleavable segment. BAPN can be exclusively activated to inhibit LOX activity in the presence of the tumor‐overexpressed CatB, thus blocking collagen crosslinking and decreasing ECM stiffness. Such an ECM nanoremodeler synergizes immunogenic phototherapy and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to improve the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.

Topic: Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences