jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells from <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-infected patients exhibit a distinct proinflammatory phenotype and enhanced cytotoxic activity

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells mainly found in the mucosa and peripheral blood. We have recently demonstrated that Clostridioides difficile activates MAIT cells in vitro. However, their role in the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection (CDI) in human patients remains elusive to date. In this study, we performed comprehensive immunophenotyping of MAIT cells derived from CDI patients and compared their phenotype to that of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and healthy controls. Our study revealed that blood MAIT cells from CDI patients exhibit an interleukin 17a (IL-17a)-dominated proinflammatory phenotype and an increased readiness to synthesize the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFN-γ) following in vitro re-stimulation. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of MAIT cells, as measured by surface CD107a and intracellular granzyme B expression, was strongly increased in CDI. Multi epitope ligand cartography (MELC) analysis of intestinal biopsies from CDI patients revealed that MAIT cells exhibit an increased production of granzyme B and increased cytotoxicity compared to the control group. Together with previously published in vitro data from our group, our findings suggest that MAIT cells are functionally involved in the immune response against C. difficile and contribute to the pathogenesis of CDI.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of the pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1 and -2 in rats

Journal Article Determination of the pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1 and -2 in rats Get access S C Young, S C Young 1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M V Miles, M V Miles 1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D R Clemmons D R Clemmons 1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 131, Issue 4, 1 October 1992, Pages 1867–1873, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.131.4.1382964 Published: 01 October 1992

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cyclopentenotriphenylene

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopentenotriphenyleneErnst Bergmann and Ottilie Blum-BergmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 9, 1678–1681Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01300a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01300a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of Phase Averaging Method for Measuring Kites Performance: Onshore Results

This paper describes an experimental set-up aiming to control and measure performances of small leading edge inflatable tube kites, with surface area of less than 35 m2. This set-up can be deployed either onshore or on a dedicated boat. This article focuses on the onshore results. A 3D load cell is used to obtain the position of the kite under a straight-line assumption. A wind profiler (SODAR) is deployed to determine the wind speed and direction at the kite position. A specific post-processing of the data is presented, including phase averaging. The guideline of this work is to estimate the variation of the aerodynamic lift coefficient and lift to drag ratio along figure-of-eight trajectories. Results, for a chosen particular case, show a decrease of lift coefficient of about 20% of the maximum value during turning maneuvers of the kite. The lift to drag ratio evolution along a trajectory is also observed to go through a local minimum during turning maneuvers of the kite in this case. Influence of weight and inertia is highlighted introducing a point mass model of the kite and tethers. Buckling phenomena of the kite inflatable leading edge tube are highlighted and it is shown that they cause control problems.

Topic: Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

Ultraviolent (UV) solar radiation is considered to be the dominant risk factor for development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The development of BCC is thought to arise from intense, intermittent sun exposure leading to burns. Identifying patients with high-risk factors for developing BCC includes chronic immunosuppression, exposure to ionizing radiation, and certain genetic syndromes. Primary treatment goals of BCC include cure of tumor with maximal preservation of function. Although rarely metastatic, BCC can produce substantial local destruction. Treatment modalities can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical therapies, although surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Superficial therapies, such as topical imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, or cryotherapy, may be effective for anatomically challenging locations where surgery or radiation is contraindicated, but the cure rates of these approaches are lower compared with surgery. Recent FDA-approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors include vismodegib and sonidegib for patients who have exhausted surgical and radiation options for treating advanced BCC. This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 25 references. Key words: cryosurgery, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Mohs micrographic surgery, pathologic risk factors, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, surgical margins, topical therapies

Topic: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Health literacy level and influence factors of occupational population in one province].

<b>Objective:</b> To understand health literacy (HL) status of occupational population in work place and provide the basis of developing for HL standards and specific intervention strategies. <b>Methods:</b> Being selected by stratified cluster sampling, 3507 employees in 13 companies wthin Hebei Province were investigated by questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> The survey was conducted with 3507 questionnaires, the valid rate was about 97.83%. There were a total of 2629 men (76.62%) and 802 women (23.38%) . The overall level of HL was 32.24%. Health literacy level (HLL) of three aspects are: basic knowledge and concepts 52.03%, healthy life-style and behavior 26.00%, and health related skills 40.25%, the HL rate of six health issues as scientific view of health, prevention of communicable diseases, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and first aid, basic medical care and health information are 61.59%, 28.62%, 21.95%, 75.20%, 32.99% and 49.17% respectively. The group aged 25-34 had the highest HLL (43.95%) ; the higher culture degree, the higher the level of health literacy (<i>P</i><0.05) . The HLL of the occupational population in Hebei province was 32.24%, which was close to the HLL of the national occupational population, but higher than that of general population in Hebei province and in the whole country. <b>Conclusions:</b> The HLL of the occupational population in Hebei province which was close to the HLL of the national occupational population. HLL of basic knowledge and concepts is higher than that of healthy life-style and behavior and health related skills, the health literacy rate of prevention of communicable diseases and chronic diseases were low. Age, culture degree and type of industry are important influence factors.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knowledge Transferring in Deep Learning of Wearable Dynamics

Wearable dynamics learning is attracting intensive interests now in the era of smart health. One challenge is how the learning model can be effective trained with limited amounts of data. Targeting this, we in this study propose a deep transfer learning framework, to leverage the knowledge obtained from non-target users and boost the performance on the target-user. More specifically, we have designed and pre-trained a convolutional neural network on the non-target database, and then fine-tuned the model on a small portion of the target database. The framework has been evaluated on a wearable biomechanical learning application for physical activity detection. Compared with direct target-data-based learning, the proposed deep transfer learning approach great boosts the detection accuracy. This study will advance the wearable dynamics learning applications through deep knowledge transferring.

Topic: Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Terror and the Legitimation of Violence: A Cross-National Analysis on the Relationship between Terrorism and Homicide Rates

This study investigates the relationship between terrorism and interpersonal violence by conducting cross-national analyses on the effects of terrorism mortality rates on homicide rates. Results show that terrorism appears to be robustly and positively associated with homicide. This finding is based on the calculation of a series of independently pooled and twoways fixed-effects models on a panel that incorporates more than 165 countries over 24 years (1991–2014). The results lend tentative support to the so-called “legitimation-habituation” hypothesis that was formulated in regard to the effects of security-related stress on homicide rates in Israel more than 30 years ago. The topic has been largely neglected ever since. While confirming a positive relationship between terrorism and homicide, this study concludes that a causal influence of terrorism on homicide rates is conceivable, but cannot conclusively be proven within the confines of the research design. Future research on potential mediators of the supposed effect is needed, and data limitations need to be overcome.

Topic: Health and Conflict Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacokinetics of Ertapenem in Healthy Young Volunteers

ABSTRACT Ertapenem (INVANZ) is a new once-a-day parenteral β-lactam antimicrobial shown to be effective as a single agent for treatment of various community-acquired and mixed infections. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ertapenem at doses up to 3 g were examined in healthy young men and women volunteers. Plasma and urine samples collected were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Ertapenem is highly bound to plasma protein. The protein binding changes from ∼95% bound at concentrations of &lt;50 μg/ml to ∼92% bound at concentrations of 150 μg/ml (concentration at the end of a 30-min infusion following the 1-g dose). The nonlinear protein binding of ertapenem resulted in a slightly less than dose proportional increase in the area under the curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC 0-∞ ) of total ertapenem. The single-dose AUC 0-∞ of unbound ertapenem was nearly dose proportional over the dose range of 0.5 to 2 g. The mean concentration of ertapenem in plasma ranged from ∼145 to 175 μg/ml at the end of a 30-min infusion, from ∼30 to 34 μg/ml at 6 h, and from ∼9 to 11 μg/ml at 12 h. The mean plasma t 1/2 ranged from 3.8 to 4.4 h. About 45% of the plasma clearance (CL P ) was via renal clearance. The remainder of the CL P was primarily via the formation of the β-lactam ring-opened metabolite that was excreted in urine. There were no clinically significant differences between the pharmacokinetics of ertapenem in men and women. Ertapenem does not accumulate after multiple once-daily dosing.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Control of Electrical Alternans in Canine Cardiac Purkinje Fibers

Alternation in the duration of consecutive cardiac action potentials (electrical alternans) may precipitate conduction block and the onset of arrhythmias. Consequently, suppression of alternans using properly timed premature stimuli may be antiarrhythmic. To determine the extent to which alternans control can be achieved in cardiac tissue, isolated canine Purkinje fibers were paced from one end using a feedback control method. Spatially uniform control of alternans was possible when alternans amplitude was small. However, control became attenuated spatially as alternans amplitude increased. The amplitude variation along the cable was well described by a theoretically expected standing wave profile that corresponds to the first quantized mode of the one-dimensional Helmholtz equation. These results confirm the wavelike nature of alternans and may have important implications for their control using electrical stimuli.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pembuatan Prototipe Aplikasi Distribusi Pangan Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)

Food distribution and supply chain are the main problems to achieve food security in Indonesia. Geographical gaps, poor transportation systems and social differences in Indonesia induce a high complexity challenges to implement a perfect distribution system that can suitable with Indonesia characteristic. The purpose of this research is building a prototype for food distribution application using geographical information system (GIS) that can be implemented in Indonesia. GIS can visualize the entire data layer into a map which is easier to analyze. Indonesia consists of 34 provinces that spread over many island, each has specific geographical profile and transportation problems. This can be used as data layers with other instruments which related with food distribution in Indonesia. Building a food distribution application prototype is part of developing food distribution system which produce prototype of the system. Prototyping approach is being used to evaluate the designing result of GIS with analyzing features for food distribution in Indonesia. Final result for this research is an application that can be implemented into food distribution system that can create a stable food security in Indonesia, for all of the provinces.

Topic: Edcuational Technology Systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence and pattern of substance use and misuse among anesthesia health-care personnel in Jordan

Anesthesiologists are more prone to drug misuse and abuse compared to other health-care professionals. There has been no literature published regarding this issue in the Middle East. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a background regarding drug abuse and misuse among anesthesia personnel in Jordan. A cross-sectional self-reported survey was constructed to target anesthesia personnel of all levels who were working at different hospitals in Jordan. A total of 94/113 respondents filled out the questionnaire. They were mainly males (83.2%) and between 26 and 35 years old. A total of 21 (18.6%) respondents reported using some prescription or OTC drugs for nonmedical reasons. Majority of which were residents (57.1%) compared to (33.3%) consultants and (9.5%) technicians. Only 9.1% of our sample knew the correct difference in definition between "abuse" and "misuse". Self-prescribed opioids were mentioned by six anesthesia personnel (6.4%), and two respondents (1.7%) stated the use of opioids for non-medical reasons. The study highlights the importance of more regulatory efforts to protect anesthesia personnel from substance use disorder, along with the need of deepening awareness among the specialty newcomers, in the field of drug abuse and misuse.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #143529.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Mechanical Properties and Specific Resistivity of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide According to α-SiC of Various Mixed Particle Size

저저항 Si-SiC 소결체 제조를 위해 <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-SiC에서 조성과 C의 양을 변화시키면서 반응소결 특성을 고찰하였다. 시료준비는 정수압으로 성형체를 제조하였고, 용융Si 반응소결을 통해 시험편을 준비하였다. 반응소결체의 미세구조, 기계적 특성 및 전기저항 분석 결과 용융Si과 반응 후 미립의 <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SiC가 생성되었고, 치밀한 소결체를 형성하였다. 미립 <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SiC 생성량은 카본 양 에 따라 증가하였다. 그리고 C함량 10wt%이내에서 기계 R전기저항특성은 입도조성 영향이 크고 카본 함량 10wt%이상에서는 상전이 반응의 영향이 큼을 알 수 있었다. For the manufacture of low resistance Si-SiC composite, the properties of reaction sintering in the green body of various mixed <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-SiC powder size with the various carbon contents from 0wt% to 20wt% were investigated. The samples preparation was green body by CIP method under this condition, molten silicon infiltration process was conducted to reaction bonded silicon carbide. the results of sintered density, 3-point bending strength and resistance of analysis showed that varied carbon and silicon melt reacted to convert to fine <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SiC particle and the structure was changed to dense material. The amount of fine <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-SiC particle was gradually increased as carbon content increase. According to mixed composite, it's mechanical and specific resistivity properties was strongly influenced by carbon content within 10wt% more then carbon content 10wt% was strongly influenced by phase transition.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cloning Crustacean Hyperglycaemic Hormone (CHH) in the Dungeness Crab, Metacarcinus magister

The focus of this experiment is to clone the Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (CHH) gene in Dungeness crab, Metacarcinus magister, and learn how CHH regulates molting in response to temperature. CHH is a neuropeptide synthesized in the X-organ/sinus gland complex (XO/SG) that regulates molting, carbohydrate metabolism, water and ion flux, as well as gonad development. The CHH family motif is highly conserved across crustaceans and includes a 28 amino acid signal peptide, a 42 amino acid crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor related peptide (CPRP), and a 72-74 amino acid mature hormone. The mature CHH hormone includes six cysteines, two arginines, one aspartate, one phenylalanine, and one asparagine. Juvenile Dungeness crab were exposed to temperatures ranging from 5-30° C. cDNA was created by extracting RNA from eye stalks and using reverse transcriptase enzyme to create cDNA from the RNA. The cDNA was then amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and extracted after gel electrophoresis was run. Most of the mature CHH nucleotide sequence has been deduced and shows high sequence identity with the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. 54 amino acids have been identified based on the nucleotide sequence.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Does the Return/Refund and Retention of Lobolo Violate the Reproductive Rights of Women in South Africa?

One of the main functions of lobolo is to create a marriage relationship between the bride’s kindred and the groom’s family. Lobolo, which must be practised subject to the Constitution, still plays a significant role in the lives of many South Africans today. However, we concede that there are some instances in which lobolo has been abused to infringe women’s reproductive rights. The apprehension that lobolo may be refunded puts unnecessary pressure on women, thereby infringing and violating their right to freely decide on reproductive issues free of discrimination and pressure. The practice of lobolo is evolving, but approaches to its return or refund are not homogenous. Some families may insist that lobolo be returned while others will not. In South Africa, the solemnisation, and the legal process for terminating a customary marriage is now regulated by the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 1998 (Recognition Act). Lobolo is not explicitly mentioned as a requirement for the validity of a customary marriage. Additionally, the Act does not contemplate refunding or retention of lobolo during the termination of a customary marriage through divorce. Section 8 of the Recognition Act makes it possible for a customary marriage to be terminated by a decree of divorce, approved by a competent court, thus making it possible to dissolve a customary marriage like its civil counterpart. In this article, we interrogate whether the claim for a lobolo refund violates the reproductive rights of South African women. We use feminism as the theoretical lens through which we view and answer the question and draw some modest lessons from Eswatini and Zimbabwe, and to some limited extent, Uganda.

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences