jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A hybrid CAD modeler for flexible geometric modeling of prismatic mechanical parts

The ease and freedom of shape manipulation achievable through physical modeling materials such as clay for engineering design is steps beyond what is attainable through current computer-aided design (CAD) modelers. With the current CAD modeling paradigm, which creates models through a composition of features constrained by closed-form mathematical formulations, the flexibility in model shape manipulation is limited. As a result, many complex engineering shape designs are either completed in the physical regime then digitized or in the computer-graphics domain where modeling flexibility is significantly higher. Unfortunately, the gain in modeling flexibility is achieved at the expense of well-controlled feature information and modeling precision and accuracy. The resulting models are featureless inexact entities. In order to bring forth geometric modeling flexibility while retaining feature information along with modeling precision and accuracy, this thesis presents a novel hybrid CAD modeler. The hybrid modeler utilizes triangle mesh model representation with the notion of feature imposed as a separate but associated feature information layer. This allows the prismatic features on a model to be modified unrestrictedly without loss of feature information. Users can freely modify the model geometry beyond what is permissible by the current CAD modelers’ feature formulations/management. A robust feature segmentation scheme that divides a triangle mesh model into its elementary features automatically categorizes the unconstrained user modifications into prismatic features and updates the associated feature information layer. An idealization module completes the prismatic feature information extraction process and updates the mesh model to accurately reflect the newly detected/extracted features. Feature-based model editing is incorporated to permit accurate and precise feature-based editing and to maximize the ease-of-use of the hybrid modeler. Accordingly, the hybrid modeler consists of four modules: feature segmentation, feature idealization, unconstrained feature-free model modification and feature-based model editing. With the proposed hybrid modeler, modeling flexibility as well as precision and accuracy are satisfied simultaneously. The hybrid modeler provides the user with a flexible modeling environment for creating and modifying prismatic engineering design models.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gene Expression during Pupal-Adult Neurogenesis in Manduca Sexta

Different from hemimetabolous insects in which the adult central nervous system (CNS) is essentially a replica of the embryonic CNS, most of the adult brain in holometabolous insects develops during postembryonic neurogenesis (Panov, 1963). Postembryonic neurogenesis has been well-described in various insects (Panov, 1963; Technau and Heisenberg, 1982; Booker and Truman, 1987). Since postembryonic neurogenesis in Lepidoptera is a critical period of terminal neuroblast differentiation, neuronal cell death and synaptogenesis for transformation of larval neurons into adult neurons, we have been interested in identifying proteins and genes that influence this developmental process in M. sexta. In this paper, we review our previous work concerning: 1) changes in expression of Manduca intracellular brain polypeptides, and of Manduca brain polypeptides that are secreted into an incubation medium at different stages of post-embryonic neurogenesis (Davis, submitted), and 2) cloning, from a Manduca brain cDNA library, genes that are activated during metamorphosis (Davis and Svoboda, 1989). Since it is not known how many of the secreted polypeptides are actual neurosecretory polypeptides, the secreted polypeptides will be referred to as putative neurosecretory polypeptides.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinicopathologic Study of Carcinoma of the Pancreas Head Based on its Recurrence.

膵頭部領域癌耐術肉眼的治癒切除例92例を対象に再発形式を検討し, 外科治療の問題点を考案した.膵頭部癌では組織学的治癒, 非治癒を問わず大動脈周囲リンパ節再発, 後腹膜局所再発が高頻度であり, 画像確認24例の検討では肝転移のみが2例, 後腹膜再発のみが12例, 両者が10例であった.また, Stage I, IIの膵頭部癌では拡大郭清の効果がみられたが, Stage III, IV症例に対してはいまだ十分とはいえなかった.下部胆管癌では膵浸潤が認められる場合には再発例がみられるようになり, リンパ節再発や肝十二指腸間膜内再発などの後腹膜再発が多かった.乳頭部癌では後腹膜局所に加え肝再発が重要であった.以上より, 膵頭部癌においては大動脈周囲リンパ節郭清, さらびに神経叢切除を伴う現行の拡大手術は不可欠であり, 下部胆管癌, 乳頭部癌では上腸間膜動脈周囲リンパ節を確実に郭清する手術が必要と考えられた.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relative price dispersion and inflation: evidence from Taiwan's hyperinflation

Evidence is presented that a positive association existed between inflation and relative prices for Taiwan during a period of hyperinflation (1946–1949). The empirical result is consistent with most of the findings in the literature. Intramarket price dispersion is positively related to the average market rate of price change, but the strength of this relationship differs across the market.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermodynamics and structure of LixTiS₂ : theory and experiment

This thesis describes experimental methods, including in situ X-ray diffraction, especially suited to the study of lithium intercalation systems,and discusses the interpretation of the results obtained in a study of Li[sub=x]TiS₂. A rigid plate and spring model of layered intercalation systems is developed and is used to investigate the role of lattice expansion and elastic energy in layered intercalation compounds. When the elastic energy, calculated using the spring and plate model, is included in the Hamiltonian of a three dimensional lattice gas model for Li[sub=x]TiS₂ good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions are obtained. Staging, not lithium ordering, is identified as the dominant physical mechanism in Li[sub=x]TiS₂.

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cardio-Oncology Health Disparities: Social Determinants of Health and Care for Black Breast Cancer Survivors

BACKGROUND: Black women experience higher rates of cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD)–related comorbidities than White women. These racial and ethnic disparities are primarily from the earlier onset of CVD risk factors, social determinants of health (SDOH), and cardiotoxicity screening and surveillance disparities. OBJECTIVES: This article discusses the role of SDOH in cardio-oncology and strategies to prevent and detect adverse cardiovascular outcomes among Black breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Preliminary case study findings are presented, including treatment exposures to cardiotoxicity and SDOH in cardio-oncology influencing health outcomes in Black breast cancer survivors. FINDINGS: Nurses can address SDOH and racial disparities in cardio-oncology by being mindful of Black breast cancer survivors’ increased burden of CVD risk factors, evaluating barriers to receive preventive care and cardio-oncology rehabilitation, practicing cultural humility, and adhering to evidence-based guidelines for behavioral risk management for Black breast cancer survivors.

Topic: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Eastern European Fertility Crisis

The Eastern European Fertility Crisis by Sebastian D. Zgirski\nIn the years following the 1989 collapse of communism in Eastern and Central Europe, demographers noticed a sharp decline in total fertility rates in many of the countries of the region. While this trend is consistent with a general worldwide trend, it does seem to be even more pronounced in the region, with many countries having fertility rates significantly below replacement. This puzzled demographers as in previous years the region was considered to have some of the highest fertility rates in Europe. Additionally, there is worry that with fertility rates below replacement, these countries with, still, relatively new economies will not be able to sustain themselves. Many scholars have examined this issue, pointing to the various social and economic changes linked with post-communism as explanations for the phenomenon. In particular, scholars point to the Second Demographic Transition theory and Becker’s Economic Crisis Theory as possible explanations. For this paper, I have gathered and examined literature on this topic to learn more about this phenomenon. I have also examined information on the social and economic conditions in countries such as Poland, Russia, Hungary, the Ukraine, and Romania, and synthesized that information to come to conclusions on how post-communist societal conditions in Eastern Europe have influenced the region’s sudden decline in total fertility rates.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetically engineered grafts to study xenoimmunity: a role for indirect antigen presentation in the destruction of major histocompatibility complex antigen deficient xenografts.

The strategies of gene targeting of donor species to produce less immunogenic xenografts may be hampered by the presence of a strong response through the indirect pathway of immunity. Immune intervention directed at the indirect antigen presentation pathway may be of benefit in xenotransplantation.

Topic: Xenotransplantation and immune response
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metronidazole induces programmed cell death in the protozoan parasite Blastocystis hominis

Previous studies by the authors have shown that the protozoan parasite Blastocystis hominis succumbed to a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody with a number of cellular and biochemical features characteristic of apoptosis in higher eukaryotes. The present study reports that apoptosis-like features are also observed in growing cultures of axenic B. hominis upon exposure to metronidazole, a drug commonly used for the treatment of blastocystosis. Upon treatment with the drug, B. hominis cells displayed key morphological and biochemical features of programmed cell death (PCD), viz. nuclear condensation and nicked DNA in nucleus, reduced cytoplasmic volume, externalization of phosphatidylserine and maintenance of plasma membrane integrity with increasing permeability. This present study also supports the authors' previously postulated novel function for the B. hominis central vacuole in PCD; it acts as a repository where apoptotic bodies are stored before being released into the extracellular space. The implications and possible roles of PCD in B. hominis are discussed.

Topic: Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Developmental Factors Determining Yield and Its Application to Yield prediction and Culture Improvement in Lawland Rice. : XLIX. Effects of irrigation-water temperature and its daily range in different growth-stages upon the growth, grain yield and its constitutional factors in rice plants.

Responses of the growth, grain-yield and yield-constitutional factors to the irrigation-water temperatures and their daily ranges were examined by subjecting the rice plants to different combinations of controlled day and night water-temperatures for 15 days (1957) or 30 days (1958) in different growth stages, as seen in Table 1. 1. Effects of the daily ranges of water temperatures on the number of panicles were clearly seen when treated at tillering stages, and the number of panicles the more increased in the higher day water-temperatures and in the lower night water-temperatures. 2. Low water-temperatures always affect the plants to increase the number of tillers and to reduce the plant height, and high day water-temperatures combined with a night temperature of 25°C were most effective in increasing the plant height. 3. There were found negative correlations between the number of panicles and that of spikelets per panicle, and between the percentage of ripened grains and the total number of spikelets per hill, then the clear effects of water-temperature on the number of spikelets per panicle and the percentage of ripened grains could hardly be seen. 4. The weight of 1, 000 grains was much increased by high day and night water-temperatures in the period from the beginning stage of spikelet differentiation to the heading stage. 5. The grain yield was much favored by high water-temperatures such as 35°C and 30°C in daytime and at night throughout the entire period. And it was very noticeable that a low night water-temperature as low as 15°C does not reduce the yield as well as the percentage of ripened grains markedly even in the critical period, if only day water-temperatures are kept pretty high. 6. Low water-temperatures than 27.5°C in an average of day and night temperatures caused the rice plants to delay their heading dates as the water-temperatures fell off.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bargaining Power in the System of Negotiations Strategy : Essence, Conception, Elements

In order to manage effectively the process of formulation negotiationstrategy and its implementation it is necessary to know,understand and reveal the powers of negotiating parties. Scientific82analysis of literature sources enabled to present the concept ofbargaining power, to describe the basic elements and principlesof bargaining power. The analysis demonstrated that scientificliterature contains a number of researches devoted for investigationsof power in negotiations, internal relations of organisations,human social relations. This article presents the definition ofnegotiation power, analyses the nature of negotiation power, itsresources, elements and their relationships. Negotiating poweris essential in shaping the negotiating strategy. Analysis ofbargaining power definitions in the scientific literature suggeststhat the content of powers definition varies in dependance onits application context. In order to reach better cognition of thebargaining power, a comprehensive overview of the researchesof the bargaining powers in recent decades is necessary. Thearticle also provides recommendations for further research.

Topic: Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
0061 Associations Between Sleep, Adverse Childhood Experiences and High Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Adolescents

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are independently associated with short sleep duration (SD) and an increased obesity risk that tracks into adulthood. Similarly, substantial research has demonstrated an association between deficient sleep and overweight/obesity in adolescents. Not known is how sleep duration and ACEs may interact in association with obesity risk in adolescents. This study explored ACEs as a moderator between sleep duration and obesity risk in a national sample of adolescents. Methods Using the National Survey of Children’s Health 2017-2018 dataset, we included adolescents (10-17 yrs) with available SD and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. Parents reported adolescent’s SD, and number of ACEs. We classified adolescents as overweight/obese if they had a BMI ≥85th percentile. Using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design, logistic regression (STATA 16.0) estimated the interaction between SD and the number of ACEs in adolescents, controlling for selected covariates (i.e., demographics, social determinants, sleep regularity, exercise, and mental/physical health outcomes). Results In a sample of 26,013 adolescents (mean age=13.81, SD=2.29; 52% male, 70% White, Non-Hispanic), 27% were classified as overweight/obese, 47% had &amp;gt;1 ACE, and 34% had SD &amp;lt;8-10 hours/night. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in SD was associated with 6% decrease in the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=0.94, p=0.04). There was a significant interaction between SD and ACEs. Compared with having no ACEs, the association between longer sleep and lower odds of high BMI was weakened or even reversed if an adolescent experienced one ACE (OR=1.18, p=0.02) or two or more ACEs (OR=1.13, p=0.04). Conclusion Adolescence may be a critical period in the life course for the interaction between SD and ACEs on obesity risk. Increasing SD is a known intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in children experiencing one or more ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Our results suggest that sleep and cardiometabolic intervention efforts should target adolescents who may be living within risky childhood environments. Support (If Any) None.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The most common causes of stress and psychosomatic manifestation among nurses at the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care

Objective. Nursing staff employed in intensive care units implies exposure to different types of workloads that pose risk factors for the occurrence of harmful physical and emotional reactions, i.e. professional stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the most common causes of stress and psychosomatic manifestations among nurses at the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care. Methods. The research was carried out by the type of cross-sectional study. The study included a sample of (N) 42 nurses-technicians employed at the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care. The survey used a structured questionnaire form, specially designed for the purposes of this study. Results. The distribution of multiple responses pointed to the fact that: resuscitation, lack of nursing staff, extensive administration, admission and death of the highly endangered newborn are extremely strong stressors in the nurses' job. All respondents stated the negative impact of noise and occasional exposure to ionizing radiation as adverse working conditions. Almost 67% of the subjects feel exhaustion, and 38.1% report muscle aches. Accidental workplace injuries were reported by 4.8% of respondents. According to the subjective assessment of respondents, daily stress is experienced by 52.4%. Conclusion. Nurses working at the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care perceive different situations as extremely strong work stressors. The most intense stressors are also the most common: resuscitation, lack of nursing staff, extensive administration, admission and death of a vitally endangered newborn. These specific psychological factors of the workload are determinants that have a predictive value in a subjective assessment of experienced stress in more than half of our respondents. The psychosomatic manifestations of stress that dominate among nurses are: feeling of exhaustion and muscle aches.

Topic: Infant Development and Preterm Care
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Profile of micro-organisms in intensive care unit of a level-1 trauma centre: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Patients with trauma usually require highly specialized care in ICU and many times their recovery is complicated by infections. Aim of this study was to determine the profile of pathogens and their impact on outcome among these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 101 consecutive patients who were admitted for more than 48-hrs in ICU during Jun-Dec 2007 were analyzed. RESULTS: Total of 953 samples from blood, urine, BAL or pus/collection were subjected to cultures. From 276 samples, 299 organisms were isolated. Among pathogens Candida Spp. [89 (29%)] were the most common, followed by Acinetobacter Spp. [69 (23%)], Pseudomonas Spp. [63 (21%)], Klebsiella Spp. [31 (10%)], coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus [16 (5%)], E coli [12 (4%)], Enterobacter Spp. [7 (2%)], S aureus [6 (2%)], Enterococcus Spp. [5 (2%)], Citrobacter Spp. [2 (0.6%)], S maltophila [1 (0.3%)] and Providentia Spp. [1 (0.3%)]. For gram negative pathogens drug-resistance rates were as follows: Fluoroquinolones, 76%; 3(rd) generation cephalosporins, 74%; aminoglycosides, 66%; β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors combinations, 64%; and carbapenems, 50%. Among these 27% of pathogens were resistant to all 5 classes of drugs. 58% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant whereas 85% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were methicillin resistant. The mortality was higher among patients in whom pathogens were isolated [Odd's Ratio (OR) 0.185; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.049-0.640; P = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of multi-drug resistant pathogens is common among trauma patients admitted in ICU and is associated with increased mortality and could impact on the consumption of hospital resources. The importance of high rate of fungal isolation needs to be studied among these patients.

Topic: Nosocomial Infections in ICU
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimization Strategies for Relational Queries

The main purpose of this work is to extend the processing capabilities of the optimizer of a relational DBMS in order to effectively include the treatment of disjunctive queries. To this aim two new strategies are presented, whose main features are based on the application of splitting techniques during the execution of the join operations. Their effectiveness is first shown by means of an example; then some comparisons with standard procedures are made, showing promising results. The inclusion of these techniques in the relational query processing environment requires a broader view of the evaluation phase, where more than one expression can now be present. A heuristic algorithm for the reduction of the number of candidate relational expressions is also proposed. © 1989 IEEE

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predictors of Disclosing Sexual Orientation to Parents, Classmates, and School Adults among Latinx Sexual Minority High School and College Youth

The current study examined predictors associated with the degree of sexual orientation disclosure across social contexts (parents, classmates, and school adults) and educational context (high school and college) among Latinx sexual minority youth (SMY; N = 238). Results revealed that perceptions of more supportive social attitudes to sexual minority communities were associated with higher levels of sexual orientation disclosure across social contexts, including parents, classmates, and school adults. Compared to monosexual Latinx SMY, plurisexual Latinx SMY reported lower levels of sexual orientation disclosure to parents and school adults but not to classmates. Sexual orientation identity centrality was only associated with sexual orientation disclosure to parents but not to classmates or school adults. Degree of romantic attraction to the same gender was not associated with sexual orientation disclosure. Findings provide preliminary support for critical nuances in sexual orientation disclosure across social and educational contexts among Latinx SMY.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences