jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Forty‐five years in climatology—a personal odyssey

This article presents a personal perspective on an academic and research vocation spanning a period of over 45 years. It starts with my early involvement in geography and climatology and terminates with my recent experience in a large interdisciplinary research venture. The presentation highlights, with specific examples, the importance of mentors. Also emphasized is the indispensable input of colleagues and graduate students to successful research endeavours. Most of my career has been centred on McMaster University, and I naturally draw on my experiences there. There have been great changes in the research world over the past few decades. Although the number of faculty and graduate students at McMaster remained relatively constant, the research output per person more than doubled. This is attributed in large part to the accelerating technological advancements in our ability to measure and our ability to process and manipulate data. In the environmental sciences, this has revolutionized the spatial and temporal scope of the scientific questions that can be addressed. Such major changes have stimulated a marked trend towards interdisciplinary research that has evolved from mainly wishful talking to active pursuit in a search to understand complex environmental interactions. Important among these is gaining insights into the processes and feedbacks driving climate change, whether natural or anthropologically induced. Equally important is gaining an understanding of the potential impacts resulting from climate change. My perception of my successes, failures and near misses divides chronologically into three periods that cover research in the early years, research in the central subarctic and research in the Mackenzie River Basin .

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A combination treatment approach and cord blood stem cell transplant for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm

A combination treatment approach and cord blood stem cell transplant for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasmWe read with great interest the article on blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) by Pagano et al. 1 The authors propose a strategy of combining ALL-like and AML-like protocols for this rare and aggressive disease.The authors also emphasize the importance of consolidating when possible with an allogeneic stem cell transplant, in light of the poor prognosis (median overall survival of 8.7 months) of BPDCN.We would like to share here our experience of successfully treating a patient with cord blood stem cell transplantation using a preparative regimen of thiotepa, fludarabine and melphalan. 2ur patient is a 39-year old female who presented with a history of easy bruising and shortness of breath.No skin lesion or lymph node enlargement was noted at the time of diagnosis.Peripheral blood examination showed pancytopenia.Absolute neutrophil count was 0.9x10 9 /L, hemoglobin 7.9g/dL, platelet count 21x10 9 /L, and there was no evidence of blasts in the peripheral blood.A subsequent bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of BPDCN.The blasts in the bone marrow were positive for CD2, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD56, CD64, HLA-DR by flow cytometry analysis and positive for CD123 and TCL1 3 by immunoperoxidase staining.The blasts were negative for CD34, TdT, CD13, CD33, CD10, as well as for lineage specific markers including CD20, CD19, cytoplasmic CD22 for B cells, surface CD3, cytoplasmic-CD3 for T cells, and myeloperoxidase for myeloid cells.Fluorescence in situ hybridization for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) was also negative.Although CD8 expression is not typical, the diagnosis of BPDCN was favored over aggressive NK-cell leukemia based on agranular cytoplasm of blasts and lack of EBV expression.Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype with no cytogenetic aberrations.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showed no evidence of involvement by the malignant cells.

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Science and mathematics Advanced Placement exams: Growth and achievement over time

Rapid growth of Advanced Placement (AP) exams in the last 2 decades has been paralleled by national enthusiasm to promote availability and rigor of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Trends were examined in STEM AP to evaluate and compare growth and achievement. Analysis included individual STEM subjects and disaggregation by ethnicity. Analysis indicates growth in STEM AP was extraordinary but was slightly outmatched by non-AP subjects. Moreover, growth in STEM AP has been most pronounced among underrepresented minorities, even though their achievement has slightly declined. Interestingly, the proportion of students scoring at the lowest level grew steadily for all students from 1997 to 2010, yet this proportion was substantially less for Asian and White students compared to underrepresented minorities. Finally, it was found that achievement in most high-participation STEM subjects slightly decreased from 1998 to 2013, while achievement held steady or slightly increased in lower participation STEM AP subjects.

Topic: Career Development and Diversity
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of different guide wires on the trackability of coronary stent delivery systems

The trackability is an essential property for determining the handling characteristics of coronary stent systems. It depends on the friction properties and flexibility of the stent system, the constitution of the vessel, but also on the properties of the guide wire used for the intervention. The influence of five commercially available coronary workhorse guide wires of different manufactures (Abbott, BIOTRONIK, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Terumo) on trackability of two different stent systems was tested. Proximal shaft force was measured while moving a stent system over the guide wire to be tested into an in vitro vessel model. The trackability of the stent systems was best with BIOTRONIK Galeo Hydro and worst with Boston Scientific Luge™. The trackability of stent systems does not only depend on the properties of the stent system itself, but also on the guide wire used. The trackability properties could be improved by using an appropriate combination of stent system and guide wire.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Paradox of Virtual Teams and Change

During a longitudinal participant observation study of a virtual software development team, a strange paradox was noted. A new software development methodology was introduced to the project and the developers were initially committed to its use. Over time, the commitment gradually decreased to the stage where aspects of the new methodology were practically ignored. As the team was a virtual team, with group members rarely congregating as a whole for any length of time, it was hard to explain why this diminishing of commitment occurred. The remoteness and part-time participation of group members meant that the team deciding themselves to ignore aspects of the methodology was not a likely possibility. A review of existing research suggested that the concepts behind the diffusion of innovations (specifically software process innovations) may have a bearing. Although pertinent to the area of introducing new software development methodologies, diffusion theories did not provide a complete explanation for the decrease in commitment that was observed. The theory of competing commitments was applied, and it was discovered that one cause of the decreased commitment among team members was groupthink. Groupthink should not be a problem with virtual teams as there should be less cohesion—the lack of contact between members dictating the low level of cohesion. Further analysis showed that traditional peer groupthink was not the issue, but hierarchical groupthink influenced by the project manager had a large influence. These findings are in contrast to most expectations regarding virtual teams, including the project management of virtual teams.

Topic: Team Dynamics and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Error analysis of staggered finite difference finite volume schemes on unstructured meshes

This work combines the consistency in lower‐order differential operators with external approximations of functional spaces to obtain error estimates for finite difference finite volume schemes on unstructured nonuniform meshes. This combined approach is first applied to a one‐dimensional elliptic boundary value problem on nonuniform meshes, and a first‐order convergence rate is obtained, which agrees with the results previously reported. The approach is also applied to the staggered Marker‐and‐Cell scheme for the two‐dimensional incompressible Stokes problem on unstructured meshes. A first‐order convergence rate is obtained, which improves over a previously reported result in that it also holds on unstructured meshes. For both problems considered in this work, the convergence rate is one order higher on meshes satisfying special requirements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1159–1182, 2017

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kant, equal opportunities and merit

The aim of this paper is very ambitious as it proposes to argue for a change of perspective in our reading of some aspects of Kant's political philosophy and potentially of his practical (moral and political) thought more generally. In particular, the paper will argue that, beyond the well-known and influential Socialist, Republican, Liberal, Consequentialist and Libertarian readings of Kant, it would be promising to consider an original Desert-sensitive reading. I will focus on a relatively recent and influential version of the Republican reading, and I will evaluate both its interpretative and philosophical cogency; indirectly, I will argue for a better, Desert-sensitive Reading of Kant's account of equal opportunities.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Improved Partial Linearization Algorithm for Solving the Combined Travel-Destination-Mode-Route Choice Problem

Combined travel demand models (CTDM) that integrate trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and traffic assignment have been developed to resolve the inconsistency problem between the level-of-service and flow values of the sequential four-step travel demand forecasting procedure. In this paper, an improved partial linearization algorithm for solving the logit-based combined travel-destination-mode-route choice model formulated as a convex mathematical programming is developed. The improvements mainly focus on exploring recent advances in line search strategies to minimize the computational efforts required to determine a suitable stepsize that guarantees convergence. Specifically, the quadratic interpolation and the self-regulated averaging schemes are examined. Numerical results show that the self-regulated averaging line search scheme is more effective and efficient for solving the convex mathematical programming with a complex objective function in terms of solution quality and computational effort.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Total synthesis of (±)-bonellin dimethyl ester

The dimethyl ester of the physiologically active green pigment bonellin from Bonellia viridis has been synthesised in racemic form by a sequence in which the macrocycle is formed by a photochemical ring-closure.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHALLENGES DAMAGING TO EFFECTIVE AND HIGH-QUALITY WORK OF JUDGES IN UKRAINE

ПРОБЛЕМИ, ЩО ШКОДЯТЬ ЕФЕКТИВНІЙ І ЯКІСНІЙ РОБОТІ СУДДІВ В УКРАЇНІПостановка проблеми.Судова влада як соціальний інститут є показником цивілізаційної стадії розвитку суспільства, однак такою вона здатна бути лише за умов об'єктивного забезпечення її незалежності.Незалежна судова влада -«це насамперед прояв і здобуток громадянського суспільства, де суд виступає не складовою системи державного апарату та управління, а є незалежним та безстороннім посередником між громадянським суспільством та державою»

Topic: Legal Studies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Delavirdine data: skewed or skewered?

Results of clinical trials using delavirdine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, were met with mixed reactions from the FDA Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee. Half of the committee voting on accelerated approval were not convinced that viral and CD4 results would provide a clinical benefit. Three trials combining delavirdine with AZT and ddI were conducted. Two of these trials showed reasonable increases in CD4 count; the other showed a mild increase in CD4 count, but with an increased number of deaths in the group receiving delavirdine vs. placebo. The committee used an in-depth analysis of these trials to point out confusing issues brought up by the mixed results of the trials. Controversy remains about the longer-term significance of the CD4 and viral load values. Other issues surrounding the use of delavirdine involve adverse effects, development of viral resistance, and interactions with a variety of drugs. In contrast to delavirdine, nevirapine, another reverse transcriptase inhibitor, sailed through approval with no problems, allowing observers to compare the two approval processes.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 1283 Antibacterial and Synergistic Effects of Antibiotics, Essential Oils, and Essential Oil Components against E. coli and S. epidermidis

Antibiotics have changed the world, as they are one of the most important medical discoveries of the 20th century with the ability to kill bacterial infections, previously the leading cause of death. However, with overuse in agriculture, overprescription by doctors, and misuse by patients, public health experts have identified an increase in bacterial resistance, which is slowly leading to a return of the pre-antibiotic era. In an effort to combat this increased resistance and explore other antimicrobial avenues, this study investigates the antimicrobial and synergistic potential of antibiotics, essential oils, and essential oil components. We selected seven antibiotics (kanamycin, ampicillin, neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin HCl, and sulfamethoxazole), three components of essential oils (thymol, menthol, and carvacrol), and five essential oils (thyme, pink grapefruit, tea tree, oregano, and clove), and used two species (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990). To assess antibacterial properties, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and we analyzed synergy using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values. We observed that MIC values tended to be greater for the Gram-negative species compared to the Gram-positive species, and synergy occurred between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim antibiotic combination as well as between menthol and all aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is possible that a lower concentration of the antibacterial is needed for Gram-positive organisms because they lack an outer membrane typical of Gram-negative organisms, and that the mechanisms of action of the menthol essential oil and aminoglycoside antibiotics are similar.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
”Mihin rajaan saakka vapautta voi olla?”

“Where are the limits of freedom?” – Paradoxes of multiple jobholding for the system of work ability promotion Multiple jobholding (MJH) becomes more common as the complexity of societies increases. Previous research has focused mainly on the individual level study of causes and consequences of MJH. This study contributes to the literature applying the framework of paradoxes to analyse the challenges of MJH from the perspective of work ability management. Thematic interviews were conducted with 42 persons representing different stakeholders. Qualitative content analysis was used as a research method. The interviewed persons reported numerous challenges in MJH, mainly concerning the flow of information between different stakeholders. The identified paradoxes arise from the prevailing societal assumption of each employee having a single long-term full-time job. While the promotion of work ability is organised by individual employers, it poorly fits the diverse and complex situations of MJH.

Topic: Research in Social Sciences
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Variation in the population biology of protogynous coral reef fishes over tens of kilometres

This study describes changes in the timing of maturation and sex reversal and shifts in the sexual composition of unfished local populations of protogynous reef fishes across the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef. On outer shelf reef crests, both Chlorurus sordidus and Scarus frenatus matured as females and underwent protogynous sex reversal at reduced sizes and ages relative to fish from equivalent midshelf habitats 20 km away. Earlier maturation at smaller body sizes on the outer shelf is likely to be an adaptive response to the higher mortality rates in these habitats compared with the middle shelf. Furthermore, reduced size and age at sex reversal on the outer shelf is consistent with the reduced growth and increased mortality regimes in these locations. The sexual composition of local populations changed markedly across the shelf for C. sordidus but not for S. frenatus. High densities of C. sordidus on the outer shelf were characterized by threefold higher proportions of both terminal-phase and primary males than on midshelf reefs. Differences between local populations separated by tens of kilometres highlight the danger of assuming homogeneous sexual compositions and life histories when managing exploited reef fishes over larger spatial scales.

Topic: Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surgery in SCLC as first step of multimodality treatment.

186 patients received surgery for cure followed by aggressive randomized chemotherapy and PCI. After a median follow-up time of about 60 months the observed 4-year overall survival rate for patients completely resected was: 58% for 68 patients with pT1-3N0M0, and 33% for 27 patients with pT1-3 pN2M0 stages of SCLC. These promising results have to be confirmed by larger cooperative studies to support the recommendation to initiate surgery without delay, i.e. without preoperative chemotherapy for SCLC as well as for the non-SCLCs. From 148 patients in ISC study III after preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy only 12 received surgery for pT1-3N2M0 but only one of them survived 36 months and none 48 months p.o.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Loading and Transportation Issues in Horses

Abstract Refusal to load into a trailer or horsebox is a commonly seen behaviour in equines and one which is experienced by laypersons and professionals alike. Transportation of equines is highlighted as a prevalent welfare problem facing UK equines during a recent study. Problems with loading and travelling may occur in any equine at any life stage and may appear as significant issues from the first performance or develop gradually over time, increasing in frequency and intensity of their performance. These issues are likely to be maintained or worsened by repeated exposure to the travelling process and the use of inappropriate methods to attempt to resolve them. Behaviourally these problems present in a variety of ways including signs of stress, displacement and high levels of negative arousal. To fully understand the motivation for the behaviours identified, it is important that social, biological, psychological and functional analyses of the behavioural performance should be considered. Within this, there is also the element of learning, which is a constant aspect of the antecedent, behaviour and consequence continuum. Treatment protocols for travelling related issues should be holistic in nature to address the environmental, social, biological and psychological elements of the behavioural response. Information © The Author 2023

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
The New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Cinnarizine, its Five Specified Impurities, Two Degradation Products with Two Antioxidants and Confirmation of all by HPLC-ESI-MS in Different Pharmaceutical Drug Formulations

To determine the safety and efficacy, we have developed and validated the RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of cinnarizine, its five specified impurities and two degradation products in cinnarizine API, tablets and capsules and including two antioxidants in an oral suspension formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved in gradient elution mode with 1.00mL/min flow on an Ascentis Express C18 (150mm, 4.6mm and 2.7µm particle size) column at 40.0°C column temperature using 0.05% acetic acid in mixtures of 10mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. All peaks are eluted within 30 minutes with a 10µL injection volume and detected at a 230nm wavelength. The results of the validation of the proposed RP-HPLC method as per ICH guidelines revealed that the method is specific, accurate, precise, linear and robust for quantification purposes. The recoveries for all specified impurities, degradation products and cinnarizine at a lower concentration were found in the range of 100.0±10.0%. While the assay values were within 100.0±2.0% for cinnarizine and antioxidants (methylparaben and propylparaben). The LOD and LOQ were 0.1125µg/mL and 0.1875µg/mL, respectively. The linearity curves for all the ten analytes mentioned above showed good linearity (r≥0.999). This research work presents the first RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of all ten analytes with unknown impurities, as well as an HPLC-ESI-MS method for correct identification and confirmation of results.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences