jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of warm-up intensity on horse-rider dyad’s performance in jumping

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the intensity of warm-up and scores of horse-rider dyads in jumping competitions, and which factors affect the warm-up regime. Three international competitions of 120, 130, and 135cm obstacle height, completed by 82 competitors, were studied. Warm-up intensity was measured by the time spent in the schooling area, number of practice jumping efforts, and coefficient of practice obstacle height. Out of the official final scores in the competitions, penalty points in the round and converted final placings were used as outcome measures. The data were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation, multifactorial analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test. The rider’s sex, part of the world that the riders came from, horse’s sex, age, and competitive level (obstacle height) were considered. Results showed that more jumps and higher obstacles during warm-up decrease the horse-rider dyad’s performance in jumping competition, whereas the duration of the total warm-up time does not affect the score. Female riders warm up horses longer but jump lower fences than male riders. Riders do not differentiate the warm-up regime with regard to the horse’s sex, whereas they considered the horse’s age. The warm-up intensity does not increase proportionally to the competitive level.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A model for a three course introductory sequence

This paper describes a new three-course introductory sequence. It design is based on the following three principles: 1) multiple first courses so students can enter the program in different ways, 2) eliminating any distinction between courses designed for majors and non-majors, and 3) lengthening the introductory sequence from two courses to three to allow adequate time for the coverage of important new ideas.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sufis and Anti-Sufis

Despite its continuing appeal in the Muslim world, Sufism has faced fierce challenges in the last 250 years. This volume assesses the evolution of anti-Sufism since the middle of the eighteenth century and Sufi strategies for survival. It also considers the efforts of a few significant Muslim intellectuals to contemplate a future for a mystical approach to Islam without traditional Sufism. Many studies of Islam in the modern period have focused on the attempts of Muslim 'modernists' or 'fundamentalists' to come to terms with western modernity, and Sufis have often been marginalised in the process. Elizabeth Sirriyeh redresses this neglect by assigning to Sufism a central place in the broader history of Islam in the modern world and by examining how changing understandings of Sufism's role in modern conditions have affected Muslims of all shades of opinion.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chest Hair Used as Donor Material in Hair Restoration Surgery

background This article describes a technique for transplanting hair from the chest to the balding scalp. objective The objective is to describe an alternative route of harvesting donor hair in the situation when donor scalp hair is depleted. method A fusiform donor harvest was removed from the sternal region. The tissue was divided into one-and two-haired micrografts and subsequently transplanted. results The technique worked extremely well with good take of the hair grafts. The donor site healed inconspicuously. conclusion The technique of transplanting hair from the chest to the balding scalp can be a viable alternative when confronted with donor scalp hair depletion.

Topic: Hair Growth and Disorders
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Free Associations of Older Adults to Single Words and Conceptually Related Word Triads

Verbal free association responses were elicited to 56 single-word stimuli and 30 triads of conceptually related words from 95 older adults (52 to 90 years) and 31 younger adults (23 to 49). For single words, the distribution of paradigmatic and syntagmatic associations was similar for the older and younger samples; multiple regression analysis indicated that, although vocabulary scores were a good predictor of type of response, age was not. Specific responses to single words were similar for older and younger adults; there was some evidence of a slight reduction in commonality of associations with aging. For triad stimuli, the levels of responses reflecting shared membership in a natural category or a shared characteristic (sensory) feature were similar for younger and older adults; again vocabulary scores consistently predicted such responses, but age did not.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral image using autoencoders

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a hot topic in the remote sensing community. This paper proposes a new framework of spectral-spatial feature extraction for HSI classification, in which for the first time the concept of deep learning is introduced. Specifically, the model of autoencoder is exploited in our framework to extract various kinds of features. First we verify the eligibility of autoencoder by following classical spectral information based classification and use autoencoders with different depth to classify hyperspectral image. Further in the proposed framework, we combine PCA on spectral dimension and autoencoder on the other two spatial dimensions to extract spectral-spatial information for classification. The experimental results show that this framework achieves the highest classification accuracy among all methods, and outperforms classical classifiers such as SVM and PCA-based SVM.

Topic: Remote-Sensing Image Classification
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The new complete guide to beekeeping

Covering the rearing of queens, honey-making methods, honey marketing, the benefit of pollinator rental, and everything else related to beekeeping, The New Complete Guide to Beekeeping explains step-by-step what it takes to establish a thriving hive that produces an amazing end product, and all the simple pleasures of beekeeping along the way. Whether you capture a native colony from a hollow tree (a method only for the brave!), adopt a hive from someone who has too many (a much easier method), or start from scratch by buying a queen and purchasing worker bees by the pound, this is a comprehensive guide to making your endeavor successful and even profitable. Whole chapters are dedicated to: the best plants for honey production; seasonal hive management; pests and predators; pollination; honey bee biology; and finding more information from government and public sources.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Role for <i>cis</i> -Acting RNA Sequences in the Temperature-Dependent Expression of the Multiadhesive Lig Proteins in Leptospira interrogans

ABSTRACT The spirochete Leptospira interrogans causes a systemic infection that provokes a febrile illness. The putative lipoproteins LigA and LigB promote adhesion of Leptospira to host proteins, interfere with coagulation, and capture complement regulators. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression level of the LigA and LigB proteins was substantially higher when L. interrogans proliferated at 37°C instead of the standard culture temperature of 30°C. The RNA comprising the 175-nucleotide 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and first six lig codons, whose sequence is identical in ligA and ligB , is predicted to fold into two distinct stem-loop structures separated by a single-stranded region. The ribosome-binding site is partially sequestered in double-stranded RNA within the second structure. Toeprint analysis revealed that in vitro formation of a 30S-tRNA fMet -mRNA ternary complex was inhibited unless a 5′ deletion mutation disrupted the second stem-loop structure. To determine whether the lig sequence could mediate temperature-regulated gene expression in vivo , the 5′ UTR and the first six codons were inserted between the Escherichia coli l -arabinose promoter and bgaB (β-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus ) to create a translational fusion. The lig fragment successfully conferred thermoregulation upon the β-galactosidase reporter in E. coli . The second stem-loop structure was sufficient to confer thermoregulation on the reporter, while sequences further upstream in the 5′ UTR slightly diminished expression at each temperature tested. Finally, the expression level of β-galactosidase was significantly higher when point mutations predicted to disrupt base pairs in the second structure were introduced into the stem. Compensatory mutations that maintained base pairing of the stem without restoring the wild-type sequence reinstated the inhibitory effect of the 5′ UTR on expression. These results indicate that ligA and ligB expression is limited by double-stranded RNA that occludes the ribosome-binding site. At elevated temperatures, the ribosome-binding site is exposed to promote translation initiation.

Topic: Leptospirosis research and findings
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sampling Points Reduction in Over The Air

This paper presents reduction of sampling points in Over the Air (OTA) test. Recently, due to the miniaturization and sophistication, OTA test conduct. It is problematic to take a lot of measurement time because of entirely spherical scanning. This paper clarifies suitable far field measurement method to reduce sampling points by introducing three far field measurement methods such as equi-angle method, modified equi-angle method and generalized spiral method. The Total Radiated Power (TRP) and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) values of the equi-angle method and modified equi-angle method are changed by sampling parameters and antenna patterns. However, the values of generalized spiral method are constant regardless of selected angle, and it is confirmed that around 100 points are sufficient for estimating the TRP and EIRP.

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mammogram Classification Using ANFIS with Ant Colony Optimization Based Learning

Women Breast Cancer has high incidence rate in worldwide. Computer aided diagnosis helps the radiologist to diagnose and treat the breast cancer at early stage. Recent studies states that Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier achieves notable performance than the other classifiers. The major forte of ANFIS is that it has the robust learning mechanism with fuzzy data. However, the connections between the layers are not pruned for their significance. An Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based learning is proposed in this paper to improve ANFIS classifier with a novel pruning strategy. The proposed algorithm is inspired from the social life of a special species called 'Weaver Ants'. The proposed classifier is evaluated with the mammogram images from MIAS database, the quantified results show that this weaver ant based learning strategy improves the ANFIS classifier's performance.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Commercial Policy in the French Revolution: a Study of the Career of G. J. A. Ducher</i>. By <scp>Frederick L. Nussbaum</scp>, Ph.D., Professor of History in Temple University. (Washington, D. C.: American Historical Association. 1923. Pp. 388. $1.50)

Commercial Policy in the French Revolution: a Study of the Career of G. J. A. Ducher. By Frederick L. Nussbaum, Ph.D., Professor of History in Temple University. (Washington, D. C.: American Historical Association. 1923. Pp. 388. $1.50) Get access Commercial Policy in the French Revolution: a Study of the Career of G. J. A. Ducher.By Nussbaum Frederick L., Ph.D., Professor of History in Temple University. (Washington, D. C.: American Historical Association. 1923. Pp. 388. $1.50.) Eloise Ellery Eloise Ellery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 29, Issue 4, July 1924, Pages 765–766, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/29.4.765 Published: 01 July 1924

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Research and Intellectual Property

This chapter addresses the challenges of research in terms of the role of peer review of publications and proposals, bibliometrics associated with citations, and difficulties securing funding. A variety of research experiences are related. A model of research is presented that predicts probabilities of articles being accepted, expected citations after publication, and probabilities of research proposals being funded. The chapter addresses intellectual property, which is often one of the outcomes of research. In some cases, this takes the form of patents, but more often it is embodied in the know-how of the researchers. Either form of intellectual property may result in spin-off businesses that create jobs, revenue, profit, and perhaps public stock offerings. The Goldwater-Nichols Act empowers universities to commercially exploit the results of federally funded research. The author relates several of experiences in launching and growing spin-offs.

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Association between body mass index and happiness in Africa, the Russian Commonwealth, Europe, Latin America, and South Asia

The issues of overweight and obesity are getting worse. In fact, overweight and obesity are killing more people than underweight in many counties. This paper examines the association between body mass index (BMI) and happiness in different regions including Africa, the Russian Commonwealth, Europe, Latin America, and South Asia using parallel panel data from 88 countries. This paper estimates random effects panel data models with instrumental variables using generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. The empirical results show that lifestyles vary between regions, thus the contribution of happiness to the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies across different regions. Life happiness does not have much effect on overweight and obesity in Africa, Latin America, or the Russian Commonwealth. However, life happiness contributes positively to overweight but not to obesity in South Asia. In South Asia, being a little bit fat or overweight is a sign of happiness, but being obese is a sign of unhealthy.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Tamoxifen, Soy, and Lifestyle Factors in Asian American Women With Breast Cancer

Purpose Soy foods have been a staple in Asia for centuries but the consumption of this food in the West is recent. Intake of soy among women at high risk for or with breast cancer has become a public health concern because genistein, a major component of soy, has weak estrogenic effects on breast epithelium, and has been found to negate the benefit of tamoxifen in some animal and in vitro studies. Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Asian Americans with breast cancer who were tamoxifen users (n = 380) to investigate the association between soy intake and circulating levels of tamoxifen and its metabolites (N-desmethyl tamoxifen [N-DMT], 4-hydroxytamoxifen [4-OHT], and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen [endoxifen]). Results Serum levels of tamoxifen or its metabolites were unrelated to self-reported intake of soy or serum levels of isoflavones. Blood levels of tamoxifen were 81% higher in postmenopausal women age 65 or older compared with premenopaual women age 45 or younger (P = .005); similar patterns of results were observed for the tamoxifen metabolites. Levels of N-DMT were 27% (P = .03) lower among women in the highest tertile of body mass index (BMI, &gt; 24.4 kg/m 2 ) compared with those in the lowest category (BMI ≤ 21.5). Women who used hypertensive medications had higher levels of tamoxifen (P = .02) and N-DMT (P = .04) compared with nonusers. Conclusion We found no evidence that soy intake adversely affected levels of tamoxifen or its metabolites. However, age, menopausal status, BMI, and use of hypertensive medications significantly influenced circulating levels of tamoxifen and its metabolites in this population.

Topic: Phytoestrogen effects and research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Homogeneous coating of photonic macroporous oxides with inorganic nanocrystals

A very simple method is described to achieve quantitative sub-monolayer nanoparticle (TiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> or CdS) coverage of photonic macroporous oxides.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Macroeconomic stabilization in the digital age

Macroeconomic Stabilization in the Digital Age provides insights into factors affecting the macroeconomic management of the economy in the digital age. Policy makers need to be aware of the increasing prominence of the digital economy and digital finance and seek to better understand how continued digitalization will affect policies aimed at managing the economy. For emerging market economies (EMEs), macroeconomic policy challenges have been exacerbated by the digital finance revolution in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, when many EMEs experienced large and volatile capital flows. Policy makers must also navigate through fluctuating trends in productivity and difficulties in estimating potential output in the era of digitalization.The book is organized into three main parts: (1) digital finance and the macroeconomy, (2) capital flows and systemic risk in the digital age, and (3) macroeconomic uncertainty and new challenges for central banks. Part I is set against the context of the shift in financial intermediation away from traditional banks as large technology firms have increasingly provided financial services over the past decade. This part of the book focuses on the macroeconomic effects of digital finance and financial technology. Part II examines capital flow-related developments in the digital age, where the expansion in cross-border capital flow channels can create additional hurdles for EME authorities in managing capital flows. Finally, Part III relates the digital age to challenges faced by central banks and the implications of digitalization for the monetary policy transmission mechanism.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Regression of Achilles Tendon Xanthomas Evaluated by CT Scan After Hypolipidemic Treatment with Simvastatin

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a relatively common autosomal monogenic disease with dominant inheritance and threefold to fourfold increase in relative risk of cardiovascular death in untreated patients. For a “definitive” clinical diagnosis of FH the Simon Broome Register proposes the presence of tendon xanthomas as a key feature. However, detection of tendon xanthomas by physical examination is subjective and difficult to use for follow-up purposes. Several instrumental methods have been reported to be more sensitive than physical examination for the evaluation of xanthomas. The present case illustrates the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) to detect xanthomas in the Achilles tendons (XAT) and their regression in response to hypolipidemic drug treatment in a heterozygous FH patient. As XAT are atherosclerotic plaque-like depositions of lipids it is likely that their progression or regression follows the behavior of vascular atherosclerotic lesions.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of a Mandibular Lateral Shift on the Condyle and Mandibular Bone in Growing Rats

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of mandibular lateral shift on the growth and morphology of the condyle and mandibular bone in growing rats. Materials and Methods: A maxillary resin plate was designed to displace 4-week-old rat mandibles 2 mm to the left during closure. The plate was cemented, and the rats were killed after 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Gross dimensions of the condylar head were measured. Radiographic films of the mandibles were exposed, and selected measurements were made. The newly formed bone in the condyle was evaluated with periodic acid and Schiff's reagent (PAS) staining. Results: The length of the condylar head was greater on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. The experimental rats developed an asymmetric mandible, shorter in horizontal dimension but longer in the vertical dimension on the ipsilateral side. The mandibular growth direction was also affected, with the mandible on the ipsilateral side growing in a more anterior and superior direction. The amount of newly formed bone was greater in the superior subchondral region but lower in the posterior subchondral region on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. Conclusions: Mechanical stimuli delivered by a functional shift produce a series of morphological and histological responses in the condyle and lead to condylar and mandibular asymmetry in rats.

Topic: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PERMANENT STRUCTURED COOPERATION (PESCO) BY THE EUROPEAN UNION TO INCREASE INTEGRATION AND INDEPENDENCE EUROPEAN REGIONAL MILITARY COOPERATION

This paper aims to discuss the efforts of the European Union in enhancing integration and defense-security cooperation through the establishment of Permanent Structured Cooperation. This paper seeks to answer how the formation of PESCO can increase the integration and independence of military cooperation between EU member states. Whereas before there has been a North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a security pillar that has long been recognized in the European region. The author uses the theory of regional security complex and the concept of collective security in analyzing related phenomena. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data collection technique is literature study consisting of books, journals, and including data from reliable websites to support the explanation of this paper. The results of this research indicate the establishment of PESCO as a form of implementation of Article 42 paragraph 6 of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 concerning the efforts of member countries in establishing defense-security cooperation within the European Union framework. The establishment of the PESCO was also based on doubts by the European Union on the role of the US in NATO, but PESCO did not directly replace NATO but rather as a complement to autonomous and effective crisis resolution.

Topic: International Law and Aviation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences