jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a driver distraction alert system for highway driving using a truck driving simulator

Driver distraction is one of the major causes of vehicle accidents, injuries, fatalities and economical losses in Canada and across the world. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a real time driver distraction alert system that can generate early warning signals and prevent vehicle accidents. The proposed system is applied to a truck driving simulator by monitoring the driver response through the steering wheel and accelerator pedal during different driving experiments. In order to ensure an accurate prediction of the driver distraction, the simulation output of the truck driving simulator is compared to that of the commercial TruckSim?? software using identical parameters of a given tractor semitrailer during similar driving conditions. Consequently, the driving speed and steering angle profiles for both simulation environments are then compared during standard test maneuvers and found to be in good agreement. Several distraction indicators are proposed in order to predict the driver distraction namely; the jerk profile, spikiness index and the rate of change for both the steering wheel angle and the accelerator pedal position. Several driving experiments are performed considering both the offline and real time assessment of a driver subjected to different types of distraction. The major finding of the thesis emphasizes the effectiveness of using steering wheel rate to estimate driver distraction. Moreover, in comparison to other techniques for predicting driver vigilance, the presented work requires low computational power and has a great potential for developing a real time simple system that can be affordable and reliable.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Office of the Special Advisor Deployment Analysis, 1992-04-29/1992-05-02

Office of the Special Advisor Deployment Analysis, summary of total deployment of LAPD, national guard, CHP, Sheriff's, attorney work product, 1992 April 29 - 1992 May 2. PART OF SERIES: The series is comprised of detailed analyses of incidents that occurred during the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Included are graphs, statistics, figures, and spreadsheets that summarize data involving police deployment, incident calls, structural fires, and arrests. Materials are presented through charts, graphs, tables, and a group of floppy disks.

Topic: Diatoms and Algae Research
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-Resolution Mapping of Intestinal Spike Bursts and Motility

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and functional disorders affect up to 25% of the American population. Electrophysiological studies had shown a link between these functional motility disorders and abnormalities in GI bioelectrical activity. However, the dynamics between GI electrical activity (slow waves and spike bursts) and motility are not well understood. This study presents a framework to simultaneously record and quantify GI spike bursts and motility in vivo, in high-resolution. The dynamics between spike burst events and motility observed in 4 pig studies were investigated. A clear connection between spike burst patches and localized contractions was observed. The dataset consisted of 685 spike burst events in 191 patches. Contractions were associated with 81 patches. Spike burst patches associated with contractions had significantly higher amplitude, duration, and size compared to the ones that did not show an association. The amplitude, duration, and size of spike burst patches were positively correlated with the contraction strength. The spike burst patch energy displayed the highest correlation (r = 0.74). The contraction strength had a linear trend with spike burst patch energy. However, it could only account for 52% of the variance in contraction strength.

Topic: Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sonographic evaluation of immobility of normal and endometriotic ovary in detection of deep endometriosis

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between ovarian immobility and presence of endometriomas and assess the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonographic ( TVS ) ovarian immobility in the detection of deep infiltrating endometriosis ( DIE ). Methods This was a multicenter prospective observational study of women presenting with chronic pelvic pain from January 2009 to March 2015. Women with or without history of endometriosis who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis gave a detailed history and underwent specialized TVS in a tertiary referral unit prior to laparoscopy. During TVS , ovarian mobility and the presence of endometriomas were assessed. The relationship between TVS ovarian mobility, with or without endometriomas, and DIE was correlated with the gold standard, diagnosis of endometriosis at laparoscopy. Results Included in the analysis were 265 women with preoperative TVS and laparoscopic outcomes. Ovarian immobility on TVS was significantly associated with presence of endometriomas at surgery, with a prevalence of 12.2%, 10.8% and 52.7% for fixation of the left ovary only, the right ovary only and bilateral ovaries, respectively, compared with 4.2%, 3.7% and 7.3% for normal ovaries. The sensitivity, specificity, positive ( PPV ) and negative ( NPV ) predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios of TVS ovarian immobility for diagnosis at surgery of immobility of ovaries with endometriomas in the left ovary only were 44.4%, 92.3%, 44.4%, 92.3%, 5.8, 0.6, in the right ovary only were 50.0%, 98.5%, 80.0%, 94.2%, 33.0, 0.5 and bilaterally were 74.4%, 68.6%, 72.5%, 70.6%, 2.4, 0.4, while those for diagnosis of immobility of normal ovaries were 25.0%, 87.9%, 8.3%, 96.4%, 2.1, 0.9 for left ovary only, 14.3%, 92.9%, 7.1%, 96.6%, 2.0, 0.9 for right ovary only and 35.7%, 97.2%, 50.0%, 95.0%, 12.6, 0.7 bilaterally, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05 except for normal left and right ovaries with P = 0.2 and 0.4, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for performance of ovarian immobility in the prediction of DIE for all women were 58.3%, 74.1%, 60.6%, 72.2% and in the prediction of need for bowel surgery were 78.2%, 71.1%, 41.3%, 92.6%, respectively. Conclusions There is a significant association between ovarian immobility and the presence of endometriomas. Ovarian immobility as a sonographic ‘soft marker’ of DIE performs better in the presence of endometriomas compared with in normal ovaries. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of the Crystal Structure of Human Zn-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein, A Protein Implicated in Breast Cancer

Abstract : Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a 41 kDa soluble protein whose sequence and domain organization are surprisingly similar to those of the membrane glycoproteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC molecules function in the presentation of peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells during immune surveillance, but recent data indicate that ZAG stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. In addition, ZAG is found in high concentrations in 40% of mammary carcinomas, as well as in cysts from breast gross cystic disease. These data suggest that ZAG participates in the development of breast diseases including breast carcinomas. We purified ZAG from human serum and solved the crystal structure to 2.8 A resolution. ZAG resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex heavy chain, but ZAG does not bind the class I light chain beta 2-microglobulin. The ZAG counterpart of the MHC peptide binding groove contains electron density corresponding to a hydrophobic, non- peptidic compound that may be implicated in lipid catabolism under normal or pathological conditions. We have initiated mass spectrometry assays to identify the ligand and are testing the ability of hydrophobic small molecules to bind to serum-derived ZAG and to ZAG produced in bacteria, which presumably does not contain a hydrophobic ligand.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How Moral Codes Evolve in a Trust Game

This paper analyzes the dynamic stability of moral codes in a two population trust game. Guided by a moral code, members of one population, the Trustors, are willing to punish members of the other population, the Trustees, who defect. Under replicator dynamics, adherence to the moral code has unstable oscillations around an interior Nash Equilibrium (NE), but under smoothed best response dynamics we obtain convergence to Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE).

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The DNA conformational energy landscape: sequence-dependent conformational equilibria of duplex DNA

The free energy surfaces of duplex dinucleotide steps were mapped in a principal conformational subspace derived from crystal structure data on DNA duplex oligomers. The three dimensional subspace, spanned by collective degrees of freedom representing linear combinations of the Cartesian coordinates of the backbone and sugar atoms of both strands accounted for 77% of the total variance of the observed structural distribution. The features of the subspace free energy surface correspond well to the distribution of observed structures exhibiting a clear separation of A- and B-family classes. The sequence dependence of the relative A / B-form conformational equilibria was derived from the corresponding subspace free energy surfaces at physiological conditions. A B-philicity scale representing the mole fraction of the BI-form vs the A-family for the 10 unique dinucleotide steps revealed three classes of sequences: highly B-philic (GC/GC &amp; CG/CG), B-philic (AC/GT, AA/TT, AT/AT, CA/TG, AG/CT &amp; GG/CC) and A-philic (GA/TC &amp; TA/TA). The high propensity of the TA/TA step to adopt the A-form conformation is in accord with single crystal X-ray diffraction data and has biological significance in view of the frequent presence of the TATA sequence motif in transcriptional promoter regions.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Complexifying Organizational Theory: Illustrations using Time Research

We seek to enrich organizational inquiry by introducing an additional level of abstraction based on theory complexity. We develop four levels of theory complexity and anchor each with well-established theoretical frameworks and research streams. After identifying the contingency approach as the simplest, we progress through cycles and competing values approaches and arrive at the chaos perspective as the most complex. We use research on time orientations, polychronicity, and entrainment to illustrate the utility of such a ladder of theoretical complexity in provoking alternative research lenses and inquiry.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rapid Determination of Quinidine in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A sensitive and specific method for the determination of quinidine in plasma is described. Quinidine is extracted with chloroform, the extract is evaporated and reconstituted with methanol and the methanol extract is analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a silica gel column. The recovery of quinidine from plasma varied between 93.0 to 100%. Quinidine levels as low as 12 ng/ml can be detected by this method.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation of role of the discharge tube in pulse modulated surface-wave argon plasma column at atmospheric pressure by optical emission spectroscopy

The axial profiles of the pulse modulated atmospheric pressure surface-wave argon plasma confined in discharge tubes of different diameters are measured by means of optical emission spectroscopy with respect to the emission intensity, gas temperature, and electron density and temperature. Then, the role of the discharge tube is investigated with respect to its diameter. Furthermore, a simplified theoretical model for high collision frequency is proposed for analysis of the experimental results of electron density obtained by the Stark broadening technique, achieving a good agreement between them for discharge tubes of different diameters.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Receipt for payment from J. H. Woodward, Birmingham, Alabama, to Doster-Northington Incorporated, Birmingham, Alabama, November 28, 1925

A document from an extensive collection spanning four generations of the Woodward family that operated merchant pig iron companies in West Virginia and Alabama. The collection begins with Stimpson Harvey Woodward (S. H. Woodward), a native of Massachusetts, who moved from Pittsburgh to Wheeling, West Virginia in 1852. He had interests in an iron company as early as 1852 in West Virginia and began Alabama operations in 1869. The family business continued in Alabama until the death of S. H. Woodward's great-grandson in 1965.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Community Engagement Case Study of the Somerville Mobile Farmers' Market

The Somerville Mobile Farmers' Market, a food access initiative in Somerville, Massachusetts, is an example of community-municipality collaboration and a testament to the importance of community engagement, justice, and respect in the creation of a culturally relevant program. Traditional farmers' markets have been exclusive spaces catering to the white and elite, but through a community engagement process, The Somerville Mobile Farmers' Market has come to represent the immigrant-rich community in Somerville and increase food access in a culturally appropriate way.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bipolarity structure and the political development in the East and Southeast Asian Region

This paper discusses the structural changes from multi-polarity structure during the period before the end of World War II to bipolarity structure after the end Second World War. The bipolarity that was began in Europe in late 1940s (the creation of the communist states in Eastern Europe) spread to the North East and South East Asian region. The creation of bipolarity structure in the international level, was strongly influenced the regional political development in North East and South East Asia. The formation of two Chinas; The People’s Republic of China (China Communist) in October 1949 under President Mao Tse-tung, the pro-American Republic of China (Taiwan) under President Chiang Kai-shek, the formation of North Vietnam (Communist-Socialist) and South Vietnam (democratic-capitalist), Two Koreas; North and South Korea are among the result of the political development of bipolarity structure in the East and South East Asia. The strong influence of Soviet Union and China in the new communist states in the East and Southeast Asia affects the American strategy in facing new political development based on bipolarity structure (two poles of power). The cooperation and conflict in the East and South East Asia after 1945 were strong influence and related to the changes in international political structure from multi-polarity to bipolarity structure (Soviet Union and the United States of America). It is concluded that the decision of small states in the North East and South East Asian region was not free from the international power configuration and structural changes after Second World War.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The paradox of predictability provides a bridge between micro- and macroevolution

Abstract The relationship between the evolutionary dynamics observed in contemporary populations (microevolution) and evolution on timescales of millions of years (macroevolution) has been a topic of considerable debate. Historically, this debate centers on inconsistencies between microevolutionary processes and macroevolutionary patterns. Here, we characterize a striking exception: emerging evidence indicates that standing variation in contemporary populations and macroevolutionary rates of phenotypic divergence is often positively correlated. This apparent consistency between micro- and macroevolution is paradoxical because it contradicts our previous understanding of phenotypic evolution and is so far unexplained. Here, we explore the prospects for bridging evolutionary timescales through an examination of this “paradox of predictability.” We begin by explaining why the divergence–variance correlation is a paradox, followed by data analysis to show that the correlation is a general phenomenon across a broad range of temporal scales, from a few generations to tens of millions of years. Then we review complementary approaches from quantitative genetics, comparative morphology, evo-devo, and paleontology to argue that they can help to address the paradox from the shared vantage point of recent work on evolvability. In conclusion, we recommend a methodological orientation that combines different kinds of short-term and long-term data using multiple analytical frameworks in an interdisciplinary research program. Such a program will increase our general understanding of how evolution works within and across timescales.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Using a nanohybrid composite and diode laser to achieve minimally invasive esthetic anterior restorations.

Developments in material science have contributed greatly to the evolution of composites during the past several decades. Most recently, nanohybrids and nanofilled direct composites have demonstrated the advantages of previous composite generations, such as strength, low wear, and polishability, but without many of the limitations. Concurrently, soft-tissue diode lasers also are among evolving dental products that can enable clinicians to offer less invasive restorative and esthetic treatments to patients.

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative studies on bacterial cytochromes. 1955.

Abstract 1. 1. All photosynthetic bacteria appear to contain cytochromes of the “c” type together with associated enzymic activities, such as DPNH-linked reductase, oxidase and photo-oxidase. This is true of strict anaerobes as well as facultative bacteria. There also appears to be a general distribution of other hematin compounds, such as cytochromes of the “b” type, as well as of the new hematin compounds tentatively referred to as “pseudohemoglobins”. 2. 2. Two species of denitrifiers (facultative anaerobes) have also been examined and found to contain cytochromes of the “c” type. One of these species yields a cytochrome c which spectroscopically and enzymically resembles mammalian cytochrome c, whereas the other contains a cytochrome very similar in spectroscopic properties, oxidation potential and enzymic behavior to the cytochromes of “c” type found in photosynthetic bacteria. 3. 3. The oxidation potentials of the various cytochromes of “c” type have been measured over a wide range of pH values. These results indicate that each microorganism examined has a cytochrome c unique to itself, but that all the “c” cytochromes isolated from the facultative photohetertrophs have potentials much more oxidizing than those of cytochrome c as prepared from yeast or mammalian tissue. 4. 4. These results are discussed and correlated with the overall physiology of the bacteria. Their significance for the general problem of transfer and storage of light energy in photosynthesis is indicated.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle (<i>Centaurea solstitialis</i>) and enhanced native plant diversity

Two separate open grassland areas within Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Sonoma County, CA, were burned for three consecutive years (1993–1995 [Site A] and 1995–1997 [Site B]) for control of yellow starthistle. Burns were conducted in late June to early July following seed dispersal and senescence of desirable grasses and forbs but prior to viable seed production in yellow starthistle. After the first year burn, there was no significant reduction in yellow starthistle cover the following spring and summer. Despite the lack of control, the first year burn reduced the yellow starthistle soil seedbank by 74% and the number of seedlings the following spring by 83%. However, total plant diversity and species richness increased dramatically in the burned areas. This was due primarily to an increase in the number of native broadleaf species. A second burn the next summer (1995–1997 site) reduced seedbank, seedling density, and summer vegetative cover the following year by 94, 92, and 85%, respectively, while maintaining significantly higher native plant cover and richness. A third consecutive summer burn decreased yellow starthistle seedbank and seedling density by 96, 98, and 85%, respectively, in the 1995–1997 burn site. Three consecutive years of burning in the 1993–1995 site reduced yellow starthistle seedbank and seedling density by over 99% and summer vegetative cover by 91%. These results indicate that prescribed burning can be an effective tool for the management of yellow starthistle and can have a long-term benefit on native broadleaf diversity and richness.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploiting Bacterial Genera as Biocontrol Agents: Mechanisms, Interactions and Applications in Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract The rising demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates alternative methods to using chemical pesticides for controlling plant pathogens. Biocontrol involves the use of natural antagonists, such as bacteria, as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. This review discusses the potential of Bacillus , Streptomyces , Pseudomonas and Serratia as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against various plant pathogens. These bacteria suppress pathogen growth via various mechanisms, such as antibiosis, nutrient and space competition and systemic resistance, and significantly contribute to plant growth. We provide an overview of the secondary metabolites, plant interactions and microbiota interactions of these bacteria. BCAs offer a promising and sustainable solution to plant pathogens and help maintain the one-health principle.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences