jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trifluoroacetic-acid-catalyzed rearrangement of dialkyl xanthates to dithiocarbonates with inversion of configuration

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrifluoroacetic-acid-catalyzed rearrangement of dialkyl xanthates to dithiocarbonates with inversion of configurationMichael W. Fichtner and Neil F. HaleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 15, 3141–3143Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00328a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00328a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Investigation of Polar Code Performance for Coherent UDWDM PONs

We report on the experimental investigation of Polar codes with 7% overhead for forward-error-correction (FEC) in a coherent UDWDM PON scenario. The measured post-FEC bit error ratio vs. the signal-to-noise ratio is compared with results from simulations.

Topic: Error Correcting Code Techniques
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of P53 Expression in Dental Follicle and Dentigerous Cyst

Introduction: The survey was aimed to immunohistochemical evaluation of P53 expression in dental follicle and dentigerous cyst according to the capability of creating neoplastic changes in dentigerous cyst.Methods and Materials: Twelve cases of dentigerous cyst which has been supplied from archives of oral and maxillofacial pathology department of Babol School of Dentistry, from March 2004 to March 2006 and twelve cases of dental follicle supplied from surgery of impacted third molar of people visited oral & maxillofacial surgery department of Babol School of Dentistry during 2006 were selected. Five microns slices were gotten from paraffin block stained with P53 antibody, using immunohistochemical procedure. The observing of all the stained slides was done according to H-score gradation; it has been considered a degree of staining intensity of epithelial cells and the percent of stained epithelial cells. Then the aggregate of these two elements announced as final score. The results have been analyzed with Mann Whitney test using SPSS soft ware.Results: The expression of P53 in dentigerous cyst was more than dental follicle. (p value = 0.001). In relation with the percent of cells stained by P53 (p value > 0.0001), this difference has been more than intensity of staining. (p value = 0.021).Conclusion: The expression of P53 in dentigerous cyst was more than dental follicle (p value < 0.05). It seems we can distribute this difference to the capability of creating of neoplastic changes in dentigerous cyst.Key words: P53, Dentigerous cyst, Dental follicle

Topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES

The article solves the problem of identifying the most important features of the design of the educational space, determined by the historical, cultural, economic, political, social priorities of the community development, reminiscenced in formulating strategic goals, implementing educational programs and processes. In conditions of real political fluctuations, during the transition from the domination of the West to the polycentricity of the world, the return of geopolitical and economic interests of Russia, the recognition of scientific conceptualizations of the development of the pedagogical theory, studies reflecting international education acquire great importance. An example marking the problem is the situation in the countries of modern Western Europe and in its most advanced and advanced country - FRG. This country is interesting for researchers in terms of the state of pedagogical science and practice, which position the decline of the bipolar world order system. The need to ensure openness and cooperation with European pedagogues will make it possible to use productively the accumulated array of scientific research in the field of integration processes in education in urban and rural schools. For domestic pedagogical science, it is important to understand the driving and system factors of integration processes in European education; trends in the development of the educational space; conditions for increasing the competitiveness of the education system in the world market of educational services, which determines the productive projection for extrapolating the advanced European experience to the na-tional pedagogical practice.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Challenges
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experience with colposcopy in a family practice center.

The experience of a family practice center that performed colposcopy for one year was reviewed to provide insight into the appropriateness of this procedure to a family practice clinic. Almost three thousand Papanicolaou smears were performed, which prompted 97 colposcopy clinic appointments involving 68 patients. Dysplastic Pap smears accounted for 1.82% of the total. Atypical Pap smears occurred in 3.91% of the tests, and 16.1% of a sample of these demonstrated dysplasia. Controversy concerning the atypical Pap smear is discussed. The colposcopy service was convenient for the patients and was at least revenue neutral while providing a new professional opportunity for selected family practitioners. A referral base of at least 1,000 Pap smears might justify a colposcopy program, depending on referral strategies.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular Characterization and In-Silico Analysis of the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) Gene of Canine Mammary Tumor

The three dimensional structure of TIMP-3 was generated and its interactions with MMP-2 and MMP-9, demonstrates the role of key binding residues. Until now, no structural details were available for canine TIMP-3 proteins, hence this study will broaden the horizon towards understanding the structural and functional aspects of this proteins in canine.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experience with advice about diet and self-monitoring of blood glucose of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Qualitative study

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as hyperglycemia detected at any time during pregnancy, is increasing worldwide. In 2017, new guidelines for the care of women with GDM were implemented in Norway. Prior to the implementation of these guidelines, women with GDM were followed-up in secondary health care. One of the main aims of these guidelines was that more women with GDM shall be followed-up in primary health care. First-line management of GDM involves dietary advice based on women’s regularly measured blood glucose levels. 70-85% of women diagnosed with GDM may manage the disease with lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and physical activity. However, lifestyle changes presuppose knowledge, motivation, and follow-up by health care professionals. Little is known about how women receive this follow-up. The aim of this thesis was to explore how women with GDM experience advice about diet and self-management of blood glucose received in primary health care and secondary health care, with specific focus on how women perceived the collaboration between health care professionals. \nMethods: Women in the study were purposely recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women in area of Oslo, Norway in the period September 2019-Februar 2020. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed with thematic analysis. \nResults: Women described being diagnosed with GDM with a feeling of shock and felt an immediate need for information about the consequences and management of GDM. Most of the women experienced that their general practitioner had too little knowledge about GDM to answer their questions. Especially women of immigrant background felt that midwives in the primary health care provided them with sufficient dietary advice related to GDM, whereas ethnic Norwegian women often asked for more individually tailored dietary advice, as perceived to receive in secondary health care. Self-monitoring of blood glucose influenced women’s daily lives, however, they perceived the training in primary -and secondary health care as sufficient. Women experienced poor collaboration between health care professionals in primary and secondary health care, which implied that they sometimes had to initiate follow-up steps in their GDM care by themselves. \nConclusions: Women diagnosed with GDM should meet health care professionals with sufficient knowledge about GDM immediately after being diagnosed. The collaboration between health care professionals involved in the care of women with GDM should be improved to avoid that the women themselves feel the need to coordinate their care.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
38.13: a monoclonal antibody directed against a Burkitt's lymphoma-associated antigen and its use as carrier for toxins.

We have previously described a monoclonal antibody, referred to as 38.13, reacting with most Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) derived lines, both with and without Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but not reacting with EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (Wiels et al., 1981, 1982). The antibody reacted with 41 BL lines out of 57 tested. The target antigen, BLA, was shown to be a neutral glycolipid, identified as globotriaosylceramide (Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----4 Glc beta 1----1 ceramide) (Nudelman et al., 1983). This substance is known as the blood group antigen Pk, a normal intermediate in the P-substance synthesis. The 38.13 antibody was covalently linked to either ricin-A chain or gelonin toxin, and its anti-BL specificity remained unaffected. Both immunotoxins were highly cytotoxic for cultured BL cells. The kinetics of the toxic effects of the immunotoxins on these cells appeared to be strikingly fast, since 50% protein synthesis inhibition was achieved after two hours' incubation. These kinetics are similar to those obtained with entire ricin, and clearly different from those observed when using immunotoxins directed against protein antigens (16-30 h). When longer incubation times are used, killing of apparently irrelevant targets was reproducibly observed. These data suggest the presence of a low number of antigenic sites on non-Burkitt cells. The detection of a low number of antigenic sites by immunotoxins directed towards such glycolipid antigens might not be a disadvantage, but might rather permit efficient and rapid killing of a wide variety of tumour cells.

Topic: Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Relation between Sea Surface Temperature at the Subtropical South-Central Pacific and Precipitation in Southeastern South America

This paper deals with the relationship between the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and its associated atmospheric circulation and rainfall variability over southeastern South America (SSA), namely the subtropical region east of the Andes between 20° and 40°S, during the austral spring. Rainfall in SSA and SST interannual variability is studied using canonical correlation analysis. The first two modes show the well-known warm-wet and cold-dry pattern between the equatorial SST and rainfall over most of this part of the world. However, SST in the equatorial regions does not modulate rainfall variability among El Niño (EN) years or among La Niña (LN) years. On the other hand, it does modulate this variability between EN and LN cases as a whole and among neutral cases indicating that the SSA rainfall response to equatorial Pacific SST is not linear over the observed SST range, having no dependence on the extremes of this range. In contrast, among EN events, SST in the subtropical south-central Pacific (SSCP) modulates the seasonal rainfall over most of SSA. Also, when all the years are considered, this SST has a correlation with precipitation of magnitude similar to those corresponding to the SST in EN regions. Consistent with this, the circulation field has enhanced cyclonic (anticyclonic) advection over subtropical SSA when SST in the SSCP is cold (warm). SSTs in EN-3 or EN-3.4 regions and in the SSCP are negatively correlated, but their correlation is practically zero when only EN cases or only neutral cases are considered, and very small in LN cases. This allows a stratification analysis composing cases according to different SSTs in EN-3 and EN-3.4 regions with almost constant SST in the SSCP and similarly according to different SST in the SSCP with approximately constant SST in EN regions. The composite difference fields with constant equatorial SST and with constant SST in the SSCP have a wave train in the Pacific similar to the ENSO-like pattern. Besides most of the ENSO circulation signal at 200 hPa over mid- and high latitudes is associated with SST variability at the SSCP rather than with SST variability in EN regions.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Localized Randomized Smoothing for Collective Robustness Certification

Models for image segmentation, node classification and many other tasks map a single input to multiple labels. By perturbing this single shared input (e.g. the image) an adversary can manipulate several predictions (e.g. misclassify several pixels). Collective robustness certification is the task of provably bounding the number of robust predictions under this threat model. The only dedicated method that goes beyond certifying each output independently is limited to strictly local models, where each prediction is associated with a small receptive field. We propose a more general collective robustness certificate for all types of models. We further show that this approach is beneficial for the larger class of softly local models, where each output is dependent on the entire input but assigns different levels of importance to different input regions (e.g. based on their proximity in the image). The certificate is based on our novel localized randomized smoothing approach, where the random perturbation strength for different input regions is proportional to their importance for the outputs. Localized smoothing Pareto-dominates existing certificates on both image segmentation and node classification tasks, simultaneously offering higher accuracy and stronger certificates.

Topic: Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonlinear Models for Double-Wall Systems for Vibrations and Noise Control

A theoretical model is developed for active control of vibrations and noise transmission of nonlinear double-wall systems to random wideband inputs. A velocity feedback control mechanism is integrated into governing nonlinear equations of motion using piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators. The nonlinear von Karman thin plate theory is used to model vibrations of the face plates. A soft elastic core of the double wall is used. The nonlinear panel response is obtained by utilizing modal analyses and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Transmitted noise inside a rectangular enclosure is obtained by solving the linearized acoustic wave equation subject to time-dependent boundary conditions of the vi- brating interior panel. Numerical results include vibration response time histories, spectral densities, rms responses, and noise reduction. The feasibility of using piezoelectric velocity feedback actuators for active control of nonlinear vibrations and noise transmission to random inputs is demonstrated.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
3D Inversion of Gravity Anomaly – An Application of Technology of Apparent Density Imagery

A new method is used to invert the gravity anomaly into density distribution underground. The density obtained by this method is the approximate density contribution of the stratum at different depth and is called apparent density. This method do not need to solve linear algebraic equation system and overcomes the computation time bottleneck hindered the application of 3D inversion to practice. For a data set of 71 x 81 points,it takes 10 s for 3D inversion on a 1.73 GHz PC.

Topic: Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
From Revolution to Civil War: the Making of the Liberal Order

The more obviously illiberal features of the independent Italian state that came into being after 1859 have often been ascribed to the external and internal dangers against which independence and unification were achieved. These dangers certainly cannot be underestimated. War against Austria in secret alliance with Napoleon III left the enlarged northern state that Cavour's diplomacy had created by the spring of 1860 vulnerable to Austrian counterattack and to French resentments. Even more dangerous were the internal struggles that developed when Garibaldi set sail for the South in May 1860 to challenge the geographically and politically conservative settlement that Cavour had achieved in the North.

Topic: European Political History Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regulation of Monoterpene Accumulation in Leaves of Peppermint

Abstract Plants synthesize numerous classes of natural products that accumulate during development and are thought to function as constitutive defenses against herbivores and pathogens. However, little information is available about how the levels of such defenses are regulated. We measured the accumulation of monoterpenes, a model group of constitutive defenses, in peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) leaves and investigated several physiological processes that could regulate their accumulation: the rate of biosynthesis, the rate of metabolic loss, and the rate of volatilization. Monoterpene accumulation was found to be restricted to leaves of 12 to 20 d of age, the period of maximal leaf expansion. The rate of monoterpene biosynthesis determined by14CO2 incorporation was closely correlated with monoterpene accumulation, as determined by gas chromatographic analysis, and appeared to be the principal factor controlling the monoterpene level of peppermint leaves. No significant catabolic losses of monoterpenes were detected throughout leaf development, and monoterpene volatilization was found to occur at a very low rate, which, on a monthly basis, represented less than 1% of the total pool of stored monoterpenes. The composition of volatilized monoterpenes differed significantly from that of the total plant monoterpene pool, suggesting that these volatilized products may arise from a separate secretory system. With the demonstration that the rate of biosynthesis is the chief process that determines monoterpene accumulation in peppermint, efforts to improve production in this species can now focus on the genes, enzymes, and cell differentiation processes that regulate monoterpene biosynthesis.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Personal Projects and Organizational Lives

Emily loves her job as a software developer. She looks forward to work each morning, excels in her endeavors, enjoys and admires her supportive team members, and is delighted with her working life. In contrast, Robert, a manager in a large accounting firm, despises his job. He trudges reluctantly to the office day after day, works halfheartedly, feels isolated from his colleagues, and knows deeply and with some desperation that his work life is devoid of meaning. Why is one employee so satisfied and performing well, and the other neither content nor productive? Why are some Emilies and Roberts of organizations flourishing and some floundering?.

Topic: Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
MARKUP AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE GERMAN BREWING SECTOR

In this paper we provide a method to separate the markup from product differentiation from other sources of market power, i.e. collusive behavior or market intransparency, based on the estimation of a single reduced form equation. We apply this method to a sample of 118 German breweries, since beer is a differentiated product and at the same time the sector has repeatedly been subject to collusive behavior. Our empirical results show that the “general” markup goes beyond the markup from product differentiation, but the latter accounts for most of the deviation of prices from marginal costs. Moreover, typically for a market with monopolistic competition, we observe average costs above marginal costs and, hence, a high markup does not necessarily translate into a high a profit margin.

Topic: Wine Industry and Tourism
Subfield: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of LncRNA BC168687 siRNA on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Mediated by P2X<sub>7</sub> Receptor on SGCs in DRG of Rats

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), one of the early symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, relates to metabolic disorders induced by high blood glucose, neurotrophic vascular ischemia and hypoxia, and autoimmune factors. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) BC168687 siRNA on DNP mediated by P2X 7 receptor on SGCs in DRG of rats. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats, the expression levels of P2X 7 mRNA and protein in the DRG, and nitric oxide (NO) in the serum were, respectively, detected in our study. Our experimental results showed that the level of BC168687 mRNA in DNP group was markedly higher than that of control group; the MWT and TWL of DNP + BC168687 si group were significantly increased, and the expression levels of P2X 7 in DRG and the concentrations of NO in serum of DNP + BC168687 si group were decreased compared to those of the DNP group. In conclusion, lncRNA BC168687 may participate in the pathogenesis of DNP mediated by P2X 7 receptor, which will provide a novel way for the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus complicated with neuropathic pain and its prevention and treatment.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences