jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research (<scp>OSCHR</scp>) Review of Nutrition and Health Research: Window of opportunity

Abstract In July 2017, a landmark report Review of Nutrition and Health Research (80 pages) was published following a strategic review commissioned by The Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research ( OSCHR ). The review sets out a future vision for nutrition research and offers recommendations designed to capitalise on UK strengths, tackle weaknesses and thus strengthen and revitalise the UK research base. Traditionally, the UK has benefited considerably from research funding from the European Union, and the report stresses the window of opportunity that exists to galvanise the research community at a time when the future of UK research funding is at a crossroads. Unusual for reviews of this type, the report emphasises the vital need for partnership with industry, not least because the sector is key to ensuring translation of research advances into healthier products and improved nutrition support for those who are ill. The strategic review calls for an agreed code of practice to facilitate open, transparent and effective partnerships. In response to the review, the Medical Research Council has identified three pillars of activity for nutrition research: building the UK research base; developing plans for global nutrition research; and working with the food industry.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Taxonomical changes in the genera Hoplasoma and Haplosomoides (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Bezděk, Jan, Zhang, Lijie (2007): Taxonomical changes in the genera Hoplasoma and Haplosomoides (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 47: 189-193, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5328311

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Transient Thermal Stresses in a Hollow Circular Cylinder of Functionally Gradient Material with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties.

The plane-strain thermoelastic problem in a hollow circular cylinder of functionally gradient material (FGM) is formulated in terms of a stress function taking into account the temperature-dependent properties of the material. The formulation is achieved by deriving the conditions necessary for the assurance of the single valuedness of rotation and displacements in a hollow circular cylinder with arbitrary nonhomogeneities and temperature-dependent properties of material. Numerical analysis by the finite difference method to show a use for the proposed formulation is presented for PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) / SUS 304 (type 304 stainless steel) FGM and PSZ / LCS (low carbon steel) FGM circular cylinders subjected to unaxisymmetric transient heating on the inner boundary surface. The significance of the temperature-dependent properties of material to the thermoelastic material design of FGM is quantitatively discussed.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Forecasting Sustainability Reports with Financial Performance Indicators using Random Forest for Feature Selection and Gradient Boosting for Learning

Problems such as excessive population growth, climate change, loss of biodiversity and resource scarcity in the world have led to an increase in global awareness in companies over the years. Lately companies have started to prefer sustainable models instead of existing economy models. As a result, they have started to prepare a sustainability report that includes social and environmental reports instead of just preparing an economic report. In recent years, the data of the circular economy model, which is a new approach for sustainable development to reach its goals, can also be followed through sustainability reports. Research shows that companies that attach importance to sustainability are seen as valuable by investors and sustainability indices are created in the stock markets of countries. This situation has increased the number of studies examining the impact of sustainability reporting or circular economy on financial performance. Firms want to be included in the sustainability indices in order to attract the attention of the potential investor. In this study, time series data of financial performance of companies in XUSRD are used. On the other hand, contrary to the statistical analyses in the literature, to predict whether companies will take part in XUSRD, a combination of two machine learning methods, namely random forest for feature selection and gradient boosting for learning, is used. In addition, to overcome the problem of data scarcity, the column-wise random shuffling method, which is a proven data augmentation technique in predicting stock market indices, has been used. The results show that the combination of random forest and gradient boosting reaches a test accuracy of 94.74% and outperforms state-of-the art models, namely, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, decision tree, support vector, naive Bayes classifiers that have been used in this study for comparison.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhancing Legal Argument Mining with Domain Pre-training and Neural Networks

The contextual word embedding model, BERT, has proved its ability on downstream tasks with limited quantities of annotated data. BERT and its variants help to reduce the burden of complex annotation work in many interdisciplinary research areas, for example, legal argument mining in digital humanities. Argument mining aims to develop text analysis tools that can automatically retrieve arguments and identify relationships between argumentation clauses. Since argumentation is one of the key aspects of case law, argument mining tools for legal texts are applicable to both academic and non-academic legal research. Domain-specific BERT variants (pre-trained with corpora from a particular background) have also achieved strong performance in many tasks. To our knowledge, previous machine learning studies of argument mining on judicial case law still heavily rely on statistical models. In this paper, we provide a broad study of both classic and contextual embedding models and their performance on practical case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). During our study, we also explore a number of neural networks when being combined with different embeddings. Our experiments provide a comprehensive overview of a variety of approaches to the legal argument mining task. We conclude that domain pre-trained transformer models have great potential in this area, although traditional embeddings can also achieve strong performance when combined with additional neural network layers.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Law
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Vitamin A failed to ameliorate clinical signs in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolaemia

Background In dogs with pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolaemia, retinoic acid was shown to lower cortisol, reduce pituitary tumour size and decrease clinical signs when administered for six months. Oral vitamin A (retinol) has been used to treat various canine dermatoses in which retinoic acid has been efficacious. Objectives To determine if orally administered vitamin A lowers cortisol and reduces clinical signs in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolaemia over a five month period. Methods and materials Five dogs were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of hypercortisolaemia was based on the presence of at least three clinical signs and one abnormal screening test. Diagnosis of pituitary‐dependent disease was based on low dose dexamethasone suppression (LDDS) test results and symmetrical adrenal glands on ultrasound. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing and adrenal ultrasound were performed at each visit. Plasma was collected at each visit and stored at –80°C for batch analysis of endogenous ACTH at conclusion of the study. Results Four dogs completed the study. A fifth dog died from complications of hypercortisolaemia before the third month. One dog showed improvement in clinical signs, yet there was no significant decrease in adrenal gland size or cortisol concentrations. Endogenous ACTH concentrations at the fifth month were decreased from baseline in two dogs and increased from baseline in one dog. The treatment had no adverse effects. Conclusions and clinical importance Results from this study failed to show an improvement in clinical signs or cortisol concentration after five months of oral daily vitamin A in dogs with hypercortisolaemia.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
remember that Rosen himself, as a student of a student of Liszt's, belongs in the family line, and that with this book he has traced and sounded his own genealogy. And perhaps, like the Romantic generation he describes, Rosen's book

it is: it houses the widest range of Rosen's brilliant critical observations yet in print; it is the record of the triumph of Romanticism amidst the ruins of a legacy; it is a bravely personal account of a tradition in an age when such accounts, and such traditions, are held at a cleansing distance; it is at once as prismatically scattered as its subject matter and as reassuringly cohesive as the presence of its author. What we are left with, after all, is style.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydropower : A Regulatory Guide to Permitting and Licensing in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

The design, construction and operation of a hydropower project can result in many potential impacts. These potential impacts are of concern to a host of federal, state, and local authorities. Early consultation with land and water management, fish and wildlife resource protection, and health and human safety-oriented agencies should occur to determine specific concerns and study requirements for each proposed project. This Guide to Permitting and Licensing outlines the characteristic features of attractive hydropower sites; summarizes an array of developmental constraints; illustrates potential environmental impacts and concerns; and summarizes all federal, state, and local permitting and licensing requirements.

Topic: Transboundary Water Resource Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Translating the <i>invisible</i> in the Qur'an

Preview this article: Translating the invisible in the Qur'an, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/babel.54.1.02kha-1.gif

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Spatiotemporal Modeling Study of a GnRH Neuron

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are hypothalamic neurons that control the pulsatile release of GnRH, which in turn governs fertility and reproduction in mammals. Although the mechanisms underlying the pulsatile release of GnRH are not well understood, it has been suggested that the bursting behavior of electrical activity and calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in GnRH neurons could play important roles in GnRH secretion. Previous studies have shown that some of the mechanisms for controlling electrical bursting are located in the soma of the GnRH neuron. Furthermore, GnRH neuron projections have the properties of both dendrites (which receive synaptic inputs from other neurons) and axons (which are the site of action potential initiation and propagate action potentials to the synaptic terminal). These observations raise two important questions: How can electrical bursting be controlled when it is initiated at a site located some distance (often more than 100 mm) from the controlling mechanisms? More specifically, how do the soma and the site of action potential initiation interact to control the electrical bursting? How does stochastic synaptic input along the dendrite affect the initiation and propagation of action potentials? We constructed a spatiotemporal mathematical model of a GnRH neuron that includes both the soma and the dendrite. The most important new parameter introduced in this model, the electrical diffusion coefficient, was determined by fitting to experimental data. The model shows that a large diffusion coefficient provides a mechanism for regulating bursting behavior through interactions of the soma and the site of action potential initiation. In order to study the function of synaptic input along the dendrite, we extended our spatiotemporal model by adding stochastic synaptic input. We demonstrated that synaptic input along the dendrite is not a likely mechanism for controlling action potential propagation in the dendrite or GnRH secretion. We thus investigated other possible ways in which extrinsic input could modify Ca2+ release at the synaptic terminal, focusing in particular on the possible role of kisspeptin. We concluded that the inherent synergies in the various actions of kisspeptin make it a likely candidate for the precise control of Ca2+ transients at the synaptic terminal, and hence a possible candidate for the control of long-period GnRH secretion.

Topic: Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of the Responsiveness of Swine Divergently Selected for Feed Efficiency to an Exogenous Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) Challenge

The relationship between stress and feed efficiency in finisher swine was investigated through an adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the ACTH-cortisol axis and the stress response in feed efficiency using pigs divergently selected for RFI. Gilts divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI) were used as a model for feed efficiency and were challenged with 0.2 IU/kg BW of exogenous porcine ACTH. Serial blood samples were collected and plasma cortisol concentrations were determined. These results indicate that high-RFI pigs(lower feed efficiency) are more responsive to an ACTH challenge, but cope equally as well as pigs selected for low-RFI (higher feed efficiency).

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Use of Respiratory Function Monitors during Simulated Neonatal Resuscitation Atemfunktionsmonitor w ä hrend neonatalen Simulationstrainings

We describe how a Respiratory Function Monitor (RFM) can aid during simulation-based manikin training. We demonstrate how a RFM can pro- vide quantitative and qualitative assessment of the trainee ' s resuscitation technique. A RFM can assist i) to identify correct mask hold and posi- tioning techniques; ii) to assess the delivered air- way pressures and adjust the infl ating pressures to deliver the appropriate tidal volume. Zusammenfassung ▼ Anhand von Beispielen demonstrieren wir, wie ein Atmungsfunktionsmonitor (RFM) w a hrend des Trainings zur quantitativen und qualitativen Beurteilung des Auszubildenden verwendet wer- den kann. Ein RFM kann die optimale Maskenpo- sition identifi zieren und R u ckkopplung u ber das vorhandene Maskenleck geben. Weiterhin kann der Beatmungsdruck gemessen und ggf. adap- tiert werden, um ein ad a quates Atemzugsvolu- men zu verabreichen.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, October 2018

International tourism maintains strong momentum in the first half of 2018International tourist arrivals grew 6% in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period last year, reflecting a continuation of the strong results of 2017 (+7%). All world regions enjoyed robust growth, fuelled by strong demand from major source markets and supported by an upswing in the global economy. Europe and Asia and the Pacific led growth in January- June 2018, with arrivals increasing 7% in both regions. The Middle East and Africa also recorded sound results with 5% and 4% growth respectively, while the Americas saw a 3% increase this six-month period Preliminary data on international tourism receipts confirm the positive trend seen in international tourist arrivals, with particularly strong results in Asian and European destinations. On the demand side, France, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, India, the Republic of Korea and the United States led outbound spending from their respective regions. Against a strong first semester, growth prospects for the remainder of 2018 remain positive overall, though comparatively more moderate, according to the latest UNWTO Confidence Index survey.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Marker+Codeword+Marker: A Coding Structure for Segmented Single-Insdel/-Edit Channels

An insdel refers to a deletion or an insertion, and an edit refers to an insdel or a substitution. In this paper, we consider the segmented single-insdel (resp. single-edit) channel, where the channel's input bit stream is partitioned into segments of length $n$ and each segment can suffer from at most a single insdel (resp. edit) error. The value of $n$ is known to the receiver but the boundaries of segments are not. We propose to encode each segment following a marker+codeword+marker structure, where the two markers are carefully selected and the codewords are chosen from Varshamov-Tenegolts (VT) codes. In this way, we are able to construct a new class of binary codes that can correct segmented single-insdel errors. Our codes have the lowest redundancy of $\log_2(n-6)+7$ bits and are the first one that has linear-time encoder/decoder in the literature. Moreover, by enhancing the VT codes and one of the markers, we are able to construct the first class of binary codes that can correct segmented single-edit errors. This class of codes has redundancy $\log_2(n-9)+10$ bits and has linear-time encoder/decoder.

Topic: DNA and Biological Computing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Model predictive control of VAV air supply system

There are still some important issues related to the implementation of VAV system. One of the most critical issues is coupling which exists in different control loops of VAV system. To solve this problem, a model of VAV air supply system is established based on ventilation network theory, by which the model predictive control is used to control the VAV air supply system. Simulation results show that the VAV air system employed by this control strategy is very stable and flexible, and air supply system can be ensured timely and accurately. So the control method should be implemented in applications.

Topic: Elevator Systems and Control
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research Article Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis from an In Vivo Study with TBSS

Copyright © 2014 Yujuan Shen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinically significant depression can impact up to 50 % of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a course of their life time, which is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. In our study, fifteen relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 15 age- and gender-matched normal controls were included. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired by employing a single-shot echo planar imaging sequence on a 3.0 T MR scanner and fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach. Finally, widespread WM and GM abnormalities were observed in RRMS patients. Moreover, the relationships between the depressive symptoms which can be measured by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) as well as clinical disabilities measured by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and FA changes were listed. There was a positive relation between EDSS and the FA changes in the right inferior parietal lobule, while negative relation was located in the left anterior cingulate cortex andhippocampus.Also a positive relation betweenHAMDandFAchangeswas found in the right posterior middle cingulate gyrus, the right hippocampus, the left hypothalamus, the right precentral gyrus, and the posterior cingulate which

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enzymes used by &lt;i&gt;M. acetivorans&lt;/i&gt;.

&lt;p&gt;Current pathway models for growth of &lt;i&gt;M. acetivorans&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;, methanol + acetate or &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;, acetate as carbon and energy sources. Enzymes in red are essential despite no defined purpose in the pathway. Green ovals = energy conserving step. Red ovals = energy-consuming step. Please see text for abbreviations.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CD44 Participates in IP-10 Induction in Cells in Which Hepatitis C Virus RNA Is Replicating, through an Interaction with Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Hyaluronan

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of induction of liver injury during chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not well understood. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a member of the CXC chemokine family, is expressed in the liver of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and selectively recruits activated T cells to the sites of inflammation. Recently, it was shown that a low plasma concentration of IP-10 in CHC patients was closely associated with the outcome of antiviral therapy. In this study, we examined the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway on IP-10 production in cells replicating HCV. Among the CXC chemokines, the expression of IP-10 was specifically increased in cells replicating HCV upon stimulation with conventional TLR2 ligands. The enhancement of IP-10 production upon stimulation with TLR2 ligands in cells replicating HCV induced CD44 expression. CD44 is a broadly distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA). In CHC patients, the expression of HA in serum has been shown to increase in accord with the progression of liver fibrosis, and HA also works as a ligand for TLR2. In the present study, IP-10 production upon HA stimulation was dependent on the expression of TLR2 and CD44, and a direct association between TLR2 and CD44 was observed. These results suggest that endogenous expression of HA in hepatocytes in CHC patients participates in IP-10 production through an engagement of TLR2 and CD44.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences