jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Possible Case of Centronuclear Myopathy: A Case Report

Congenital myopathies (CMs) are a group of diseases that primarily affect the muscle fiber, especially the contractile apparatus and the different components that condition its normal functioning. They present as muscle weakness and hypotonia at birth or during the first year of life. Centronuclear CM is characterized by a high incidence of nuclei located centrally and internally in muscle fibers. Clinical case: a 22-year-old male patient with symptoms of muscle weakness since early childhood, with difficulty in performing physical activity according to his age, with the presence of a long face, a waddling gait, and a global decrease in muscle mass. Electromyography was performed, showing a neurogenic pattern and not the expected myopathic one, neuroconduction with reduced amplitude of the motor potential of the peroneal nerve and axonal and myelin damage of the posterior tibial nerves. The microscopic study of the studied striated muscle fragments stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome showed the presence of fibers with central nuclei, diagnosing CM. The patient meets most of the description for CM, with involvement of all striated muscles, although it is important to note the neurogenic pattern present in this case, due to the denervation of damaged muscle fibers, which contain terminal axonal segments. Neuroconduction shows the involvement of motor nerves, but with normal sensory studies, axonal polyneuropathy is unlikely, due to normal sensory potentials. Different pathological findings have been described depending on the mutated gene in this disease, but all coincide with the presence of fibers with central nuclei for diagnosis by this means, which is so important in institutions where it is not possible to carry out genetic studies, and allowing early specific treatment, according to the stage through which the patient passes.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Rate-limiting factors of 3-deoxy-3-oxo-erythronolide B biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea M

Objective To explore the causes of significantly reduced yield of 3-deoxy-3-oxo-erythronolide B(DOEB) biosynthesis in mutant of Saccharopolyspora erythraea M,which was mutated from S.erythraea A226 by knocking down KR6 gene and could produce DOEB.Methods Rate-limiting factors of DOEB biosynthesis in S.erythraea M were studied at the transcriptional level,translational level and precursor level by comparing S.erythraea M strain with its original strain A226.Results Expression differences in transcriptional and translational levels of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in those two strains were not rate-limiting factors which caused the low yield of DOEB according to relative real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and antigen-antibody reaction tests respectively.However,the DOEB precursor conversion capability was reduced significantly by high-resolution LC-MS analysis.Therefore,DOEB synthase activity reduction was a key factor for the significant decrease in the production of DOEB.Conclusion DOEB synthase activity is the rate-limiting factor of DOEB biosynthesis,which contributes to further research on improving the yield of the new ketolide compounds by using genetic engineering approaches.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Introduction to 1-summability and resurgence

This text is about the mathematical use of certain divergent power series. The first part is an introduction to 1-summability. The definitions rely on the formal Borel transform and the Laplace transform along an arbitrary direction of the complex plane. Given an arc of directions, if a power series is 1-summable in that arc, then one can attach to it a Borel-Laplace sum, i.e. a holomorphic function defined in a large enough sector and asymptotic to that power series in Gevrey sense. The second part is an introduction to Ecalle's resurgence theory. A power series is said to be resurgent when its Borel transform is convergent and has good analytic continuation properties: there may be singularities but they must be isolated. The analysis of these singularities, through the so-called alien calculus, allows one to compare the various Borel-Laplace sums attached to the same resurgent 1-summable series.In the context of analytic difference-or-differential equations, this sheds light on the Stokes phenomenon. A few elementary or classical examples are given a thorough treatment (the Euler series, the Stirling series, a less known example by Poincaré). Special attention is devoted to non-linear operations: 1-summable series as well as resurgent series are shown to form algebras which are stable by composition. As an application, the resurgent approach to the classification of tangent-to-identity germs of holomorphic diffeomorphisms in the simplest case is included. An example of a class of non-linear differential equations giving rise to resurgent solutions is also presented. The exposition is as self-contained as can be, requiring only some familiarity with holomorphic functions of one complex variable.

Topic: Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Autoimmunity to the GM2-1 islet ganglioside before and at the onset of type I diabetes

Recently, the GM2-1 pancreatic islet ganglioside, proposed as a potential autoantigen in type I diabetes autoimmunity, has been biochemically characterized and found to be a novel ganglioside structure. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether an autoimmune response toward this novel islet molecule is 1) present in type I diabetes and is specifically directed against this molecule and not to gangliosides in general and 2) predictive of disease in high-risk subjects. To this end, the following patients have been studied: 1) 24 newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects, 20 islet cell autoantibody (ICA)-negative first-degree relatives of type I diabetic subjects, and 25 age-matched normal control individuals; and 2) 31 prospectively evaluated ICA+ first-degree relatives of type I diabetic subjects who were followed for up to 10 years, during which 14 of them developed type I diabetes. A direct assay for autoantibodies to GM2-1 and to other pancreatic gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GD1a) was developed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique performed directly on thin layer chromatography plates. Anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies (all belonging to the IgG class) were expressed in a high percentage of newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects (71%), while no significant difference was found in the expression of antibodies directed against other pancreatic gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GD1a) among the different groups studied. Anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies were also present in ICA+ relatives (64%) (P &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. control subjects and ICA-relatives): in this group, life table analysis of progression to diabetes showed that anti-GM2-1 autoantibodies were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) associated with disease, occurring in all relatives developing type I diabetes within 5 years and thus identifying a cohort of ICA+ subjects with markedly increased diabetes risk.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diagnostic accuracy of anti-DGP (IgG) for celiac disease

A BSTRACT Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy that is caused by the intake of gluten-containing grains in genetically susceptible humans. The gliadin and glutenin parts of wheat gluten are the essential factors that cause intestinal damage. Objectives: We analyzed the performance of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) in the diagnosis of CD in children. For this purpose, we compared the performance of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-TTG) and IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (IgG anti-DGP) for the diagnosis of CD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 for a duration of about 6 months, 200 patients with suspected CD symptoms, children who needed screening due to Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, and the first-degree relatives of CD patients who underwent diagnostic evaluation were enrolled in a census study. Results: This study compares existing point-of-care anti-DGP Ab (IgG) and anti-TTG Ab (IgA) tests against each other using the gold standard of duodenal biopsy and pathology. Serology as a screening test was acceptable (93.6% for anti-DGP vs. 94.2% for anti-TTG) for both of them. This equivalent sensitivity of serum TTG and the DGP tests validates its potential as a basic tool for serological testing. Furthermore, endoscopy is carried out in patients positive for both. Conclusions: Our study showed that for the diagnosis of CD, anti-DGP antibodies had comparable characteristics with anti-TTG (IgA) in terms of diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Specify of anti-DGP was higher than that of anti-TTG.

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
KOALA: Empirical Lessons Toward Memory-Efficient and Fast Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Synthesis

As text-to-image (T2I) synthesis models increase in size, they demand higher inference costs due to the need for more expensive GPUs with larger memory, which makes it challenging to reproduce these models in addition to the restricted access to training datasets. Our study aims to reduce these inference costs and explores how far the generative capabilities of T2I models can be extended using only publicly available datasets and open-source models. To this end, by using the de facto standard text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion XL (SDXL), we present three key practices in building an efficient T2I model: (1) Knowledge distillation: we explore how to effectively distill the generation capability of SDXL into an efficient U-Net and find that self-attention is the most crucial part. (2) Data: despite fewer samples, high-resolution images with rich captions are more crucial than a larger number of low-resolution images with short captions. (3) Teacher: Step-distilled Teacher allows T2I models to reduce the noising steps. Based on these findings, we build two types of efficient text-to-image models, called KOALA-Turbo &amp;-Lightning, with two compact U-Nets (1B &amp; 700M), reducing the model size up to 54% and 69% of the SDXL U-Net. In particular, the KOALA-Lightning-700M is 4x faster than SDXL while still maintaining satisfactory generation quality. Moreover, unlike SDXL, our KOALA models can generate 1024px high-resolution images on consumer-grade GPUs with 8GB of VRAMs (3060Ti). We believe that our KOALA models will have a significant practical impact, serving as cost-effective alternatives to SDXL for academic researchers and general users in resource-constrained environments.

Topic: Advanced Neural Network Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evading the Toll

Inscribed in artist''s hand in pen with gray ink, lower left: "T. Rowlandson.", in brown ink, upper right: "TOLL GATE-"; Verso: in dark blue ink, center: "PAUL MELLON COLLECTION" collector''s stamp.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 777840: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Foetal Activity Detection Using Deep Convolution Neural Networks

Ultrasound is a conventional diagnostic instrument employed in prenatal care to track the progression and advancement of the fetus. In routine clinical obstetric assessments, the standard planes of fetal ultrasound hold considerable importance in evaluating fetal growth metrics and identifying abnormalities. In this work, a method to detect FFSP using deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture to improve detection efficiency is presented. Squeeze net, 16 convolutional layers with small 3x3 large kernel, and all three layers form the proposed DCNN. The final pooling layer uses global average pooling (GAP) to reduce inconsistency in the network. This helps reduce the problem of overfitting and improves the performance from different training data. To improve cognitive performance, data augmentation methods developed specifically for FFSP are used in conjunction with adaptive learning strategies. Extensive testing shows that the proposed method gives accuracy of 96% which outperforms traditional methods, and DCNN is an important tool to identify FFSP in clinical diagnosis.

Topic: Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Respiratory Muscle Warm-up on High-Intensity Exercise Performance

Exercise performance is partially limited by the functionality of the respiratory musculature. Training these muscles improves steady-state exercise performance. However, less is known about the efficacy of executing a respiratory muscle warm-up (RWU) immediately prior to high-intensity exercise. Our study purpose was to use a practitioner-friendly airflow restriction device to investigate the effects of a high, medium, or low intensity RWU on short, high-intensity exercise and pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic function. Eleven recreationally active, males (24.9 ± 4.2 y, 178.8 ± 9.0 cm, 78.5 ± 10.4 kg, 13.4% ± 4.2% body fat) cycled at 85% peak power to exhaustion (TTE) following four different RWU conditions (separate days, in random order): (1) high; (2) medium; (3) low airflow inspiration restriction, or no RWU. When analyzed as a group, TTE did not improve following any RWU (4.73 ± 0.33 min). However, 10 of the 11 participants improved ≥25 s in one of the three RWU conditions (average = 47.6 ± 13.2 s), which was significantly better than (p &lt; 0.05) the control trial (CON). Neither blood lactate nor perceived difficulty was altered by condition. In general, respiratory exchange ratios were significantly lower during the early stages of TTE in all RWU conditions. Our findings suggest RWU efficacy is predicated on identifying optimal inspiration intensity, which clearly differs between individuals.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fluid handling properties of hydrogel dressings.

The fluid handling properties of four hydrogel dressings were examined in a laboratory-based study to determine their ability to absorb liquid from or donate liquid to a range of standard test substrates simulating wound tissue in various states of hydration. The tests suggest that three of the dressings are likely to be effective fluid-donating agents, and one of the dressings has a dual ability to donate or absorb liquid depending upon moisture content and nature of the substrate to which it is applied. These observations are discussed in the context of the clinical use of hydrogel dressings.

Topic: Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Making transnational intimacies: intergenerational relationships in Chinese-Western families in Beijing

In this study, we explore intergenerational relationships in Chinese-Western transnational families. Our argument draws on 28 life story interviews with Chinese middle-class professionals and their Western partners in Beijing. In the context of their living arrangements in Beijing, many of these couples had close ties with their Chinese parents or in-laws, in some cases living together under the same roof. We draw on our participants' interview narratives to ask how their culturally situated, sometimes disparate, understandings of intimacy shaped their relationships with their parents or in-laws. In this context, our analysis focuses on the ways in which our participants negotiated understandings and practices in their families. We conceptualise our participants' transnational families as an individualised intimate space, within which meanings of family, filial piety, and marriage cannot be taken for granted and require an ongoing process of reflexive negotiation to become and remain mutually acceptable. With this study, we seek to add to academic debates about parent-child relationships and filial piety in Chinese society. While there is a sizeable literature on this subject matter, the ways in which the quickly growing number of transnational marriages in China may rework intergenerational relationships remain poorly understood.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Binarized landuse and percentile statistics for precipitation trends analyzing in YDM

This repository is complementary material for storing and sharing the scientific data used in the article 'Precipitation Trends using Gridded Dynamic Sampling Zones: Case Study Yangtze Delta Megalopolis'. It includes: binarized landuse images in geotiff format, calculated time series of percentile statistics in csv format.

Topic: Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
199-LB: Mitochondrial Diabetes (MD) in the University of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry

Mitochondrial diabetes (MD) results from pathogenic variants in mitochondrial (MT) genes. MT disease is associated with neuromuscular disease. MD may occur either alone or with other conditions. The most common MD genetic variant is MT-TL1 m.3243 A&amp;gt;G, associated with Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness and Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. The incidence, variability and optimum treatment are uncertain. We describe clinical characteristics of participants in the Univ. of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry with MD variants. Participants enrolled in the Univ. of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry (IRB 6858,15617B). Clinical and genetic information was collected. As of February 2023, 18 participants from 13 families had a known MT variant. Clinical characteristics are in Table 1. Clinicians should consider MD when the patient is negative for T1D antibodies, is non-obese, has high frequency bilateral hearing loss, and has a strong maternal family history of diabetes. However, the features are variable and can include multiple organs and tissues. Genetic testing panels should include MT variants because MD can be misdiagnosed and the prevalence is uncertain. Clinical phenotypes are heterogenous among family members. Cascade testing and screening for related conditions is encouraged. Our data shows that MD is misdiagnosed as T1 or T2DM (16/16). Disclosure T. L. Bowden: Stock/Shareholder; Procter &amp; Gamble, OPKO Biologics, Ltd. B. Kandasamy: None. L. R. Letourneau-freiberg: None. K. Rodriguez: None. M. Mccullough: None. S. W. Greeley: None. L. H. Philipson: Advisory Panel; Nevro Corp., Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Dompé, Provention Bio, Inc., Imcyse, Novo Nordisk Foundation. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK104942, P30DK020595, K23DK094866, UL1TR000430)

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research in Context

Research in Jordan is a university-driven activity, as in Lebanon, historically based on three public universities—Jordan University, Jordan University for Science and Technology and Yarmouk University. However, while recent development has seen the steady decline of scientific output at Yarmouk University, the more recently established public Hashemite University has increased its scientific output—particularly through its specialisation in environmental sciences. Even if the national scientific authorities work more through incentives than development plans, an overlap between national priorities and research specialisations can be observed. Indeed engineering, medicine and chemistry are especially important in Jordan, mainly through partnership with the US or, concerning Chemistry, with Germany. Gulf countries are a second important pole which attracts Jordanian professors for teaching, mainly for salary reasons. It is too early to call it brain drain since Jordanian professors only stay for one or two years before going back to Jordan. Moreover, the Jordanian official policy actively promotes the exportation of skilled staff. However, this situation may change if Gulf countries succeed in keeping this foreign staff.

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the study of human skin melanocytes

Abstract: Although keratinocytes are the most numerous type of cell in the skin, melanocytes are also key players as they produce and distribute melanin that protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In vitro experiments on melanocytic cell lines are useful to study melanogenesis and their progression towards melanoma. However, interactions of melanocytes with keratinocytes and with other types of cells in the skin, such as fibroblasts and Langerhans cells, are also crucial. We describe two techniques, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tissue in situ hybridization (TISH), that can be used to identify and study melanocytes in the skin and their responses to UV or other stimuli in situ. We describe a practical method to localize melanocytic antigens on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections and in frozen sections using indirect immunofluorescence with conjugated secondary antibodies. In addition, we detail the use of TISH and its combination with IHC to study mRNA levels of genes expressed in the skin at cellular resolution. This methodology, along with relevant tips and troubleshooting items, are important tools to identify and study melanocytes in the skin.

Topic: melanin and skin pigmentation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LVI. Studies on the development of resistance to natural and synthetic endoperoxides

Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei N and chloroquine-resistant P. yoelii ssp. NS were exposed to selection pressure, in the ‘2% relapse technique’, from artemisinin, artesunate, a bicyclic, synthetic endoperoxide Ro 41–3823 (an analogue of arteflene) or Fenozan B07, a synthetic 1,2,4-trioxane endoperoxide. Whereas resistance against artemisinin did develop to a moderate level in both parasites, only a low level of resistance or none developed to the other compounds, and resistant parasites readily lost resistance once drug-selection pressure was withdrawn. The relevance of these observations and the experience of other investigators are discussed in relation to the possible risk that resistance may be developed in nature once endoperoxides are deployed widely against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences