jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coordination supramolecular structures

Supramolecular coordination ensembles with d-metal ions directly incorporated into their structures are the subject of the present review. Diversity of such structures considerably exceeds that of purely organic supramolecules due to inclusion of additional polyvalent metal atoms (totally sixty) with diverse coordination geometry. Such metal-containing constructions are generated by self-assembling and (or) by templating, as 2D and 3D geometric figures (polygons and polyhedra) and “furniture” constructions (ladders, racks, grids) together with helicates, interwoven species and metallodendrimers as combinations of 1D coordination compounds. Besides, is presented a numerous of coordination polymers and supramolecular crystal lattices as infinite structures.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation of flow field characteristics around a novel high-efficiency tandem dual-rotor wind turbine under different rotor spacings

Introduction Tandem dual-rotor wind turbines achieve efficient wind energy capture through aerodynamic coupling between upstream and downstream rotors. However, the influence mechanism of rotor spacing on complex flow fields and turbine performance remains unclear. Methods Aiming at this problem, a high-precision computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was adopted to construct a physical model of dual-rotors with real blade geometry. Using global structural grid meshing and the Transition-SST turbulence model, the flow characteristics of air around the rotors were systematically investigated under six typical spacings ranging from 0.2 D to 2.0 D (D is the diameter of the front rotor). Results and discussion The study found that as the spacing increases, the power of the front rotor increases logarithmically, while the power of the rear rotor gradually decreases. The total power of the dual-rotors continues to rise, showing different growth rates before and after 0.5 D. Flow field analysis indicates that the wake blockage effect of the front rotor on the rear rotor is significant at small spacings, while the wake velocity recovers more fully and the turbulence mixing effect enhances at large spacings. This research reveals the regulation law of rotor spacing on aerodynamic interference effects, provides key parameter basis for optimizing wind energy capture and designing structural loads of dual-rotor turbines, and fills the research gap on the influence of tandem dual-rotor spacing on flow field characteristics.

Topic: Wind Energy Research and Development
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing pain in multiple sclerosis: Test–retest reliability of patient-reported outcome measures and accuracy of screening tools

Background: Pain is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). The reliability of outcome measures for pain and the accuracy of screening tools are essential for treatment purposes. Objectives: This study investigated the test–retest reliability of Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), and painDETECT, and the accuracy of DN4 and painDETECT. Methods: 110 persons with MS were included (mean age: 45.35 ± 12.73; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 3 (Interquartile range, IQR: 2.6)). The reliability (internal consistency, test–retest, measurement error) and accuracy (area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) were analyzed. Results: All included pain assessment tools showed good test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC, (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.85 (0.79–0.89)–0.89 (0.84–0.92)) and good-to-excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.73–0.93). The test–retest reliability of NMQ was moderate to substantial (Cohen’s κ = 0.54–0.87). The overall accuracy of DN4 compared to the neurologist’s diagnosis was acceptable (AUC = 0.762), while that of painDETECT was poor (AUC = 0.682) and demonstrated inadequate predictive ability. Conclusion: All pain outcome measures were reliable in patients with MS (pwMS). DN4 can be used to screen neuropathic pain in MS. Clinical trial registry name: Reliability and Validity of Outcome Measures for Pain in MS https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000CRMD&amp;selectaction=Edit&amp;uid=U0006NAA&amp;ts=2&amp;cx=-jzvd6m Registration number: NCT05742152

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Use of feedback and coaching to improve leadership and emotional intelligence

In every area of human endeavour, feedback and coaching provide a platform for improvement. When a leader works to develop their skills, this is very much the case, though care must be taken to match the feedback mechanisms and approach appropriate to the aims. To embed learning from 360° feedback on leadership, coaching is highly effective and has been proved to increase engagement and effectiveness, and lead to changes in the leadership behavior. The candidate is guided to improve the emotional intelligence development areas that will have the greatest impact in their current role. This includes as mentioned before, and very importantly, identified areas where the candidate scores the gap between desired and observed behaviour to be lower than raters – known as 'blind spots'; and also highlights the areas where raters see the gap as smaller – 'hidden strengths'.

Topic: Emotional Intelligence and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
INNOVATIVE ONLINE SIMULATOR WELDING TOOLS FOR COST CALCULATION PRODUCTION PROCESS

The modern society is extensively depending on a range of welded products like shipbuilding, bridges, constructions of pipes, boiler works, car manufacturing industries and building industry (construction industry). The product safety, and our reliance of these products, depends on quality of materials, welder’s basic knowledge and competence, and their continuous skills upgrading towards new welding processes and materials as well as their continuous updates of certificates and diplomas.Unfortunately, no high quality, easy accessible, process oriented and integrated general purpose welding cost simulator tools are available on the market in Europe to help Companies, Higher Education and Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools, instructors and welders to create production friendly designs that offer a sound and easy way of evaluating and predicting the costs factors objective of the whole production process as such. Most software tools available on the market are used for calculating detailed welding costs, like heat input, preheating temperatures and welding parameters based on a single material selection, a single welding process only and forgetting their interrelations and dependencies. These software tools are rather simple aiming at one process step and one-purpose only. Through a Leonardo da Vinci pilot project IQSIM [1] was developed and disseminated as a new generation of training methodologies that became available to European wide mechanical industry sectors. This project is an extension of the Leonardo da Vinci pilot project MECCA [2]. The training methodologies developed specifically include tasks and examples for the fabrication industries, vocational education and training schools (VET), and SME’s.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Asylum policy in the European Union

principles of the White Paper were not always easy to measure, and the White Paper does not specify how in fact these principles should be measured. For instance, it is hard to give an objective mark with regard to the „openness‟ of an organization, or to say what amount of participation from societal actors in the policy process would be sufficient. A complicating yet also interesting factor was that recently there have been many developments on the field of asylum policy, particularly on the European level. For instance the recently effectuated Treaty of Lisbon has also had implications for the decision making on the field of asylum policy. The results of this research could be useful for the European Union. Ideally the EU would get more power and means to tackle issues regarding asylum, since the European level would be the most appropriate and effective level on this policy field. However first it would be better if the EU improves their own governance practices, particularly on the field of accountability. Across the EU this is a sensitive political subject. Hopefully these political obstacles can be overcome to come to a better European asylum policy in the future.

Topic: European Criminal Justice and Data Protection
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modelling of hydrostatic bearings for servo-cylinders

Hydraulic servo cylinders are widely used in versatile industrial applications such as machine tools, industrial robots, autonomous manufacturing systems and special applications in laboratories. To reduce friction and allow smooth and controllable displacement of the actuator, hydrostatic journal bearings are used at the ends of the rod. The design and manufacturing of this elements is challenging since the good operation relays on the very small tolerances required to bear the load on the cylinder and to reduce leakages. In this work, a virtual design and test tool for hydrostatic journal bearing with pockets, developed in OpenModelica environment, is presented. The influence of eccentricity and manufacturing tolerances is then studied and discussed. The model proposed has the aim to explore the extreme and critical operating conditions of the servo-cylinder and to help and/or improve the design phase.

Topic: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association of IL1B -31C/T and IL1RA Variable Number of an 86-bp Tandem Repeat With Dengue Shock Syndrome in Thailand

Patients with IL1B -31C carrier, or IL1RA 2/4 genotype carry a risk for DSS, implying that IL1B may play a role in pathogenesis of DSS.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Review on photovoltaic based active generator

An active generator has the capacity to support frequency control and instantaneous power balance. The grid operator adjusts the power dispatch of generators according to power demand fluctuations. Photovoltaic (PV) based active generators can be used as load following generators in the same manner as other power dispatch generators. This new type of distribution system, based on active generator(s), needs new innovative management and operation strategies for increasing the penetration of intermittent renewable energy systems. The considered PV based active generator has three units, i.e., PV array, battery storage and super capacitor. In this review paper, the management and operation approaches of PV based active generators are discussed.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crystallization of Stable and Metastable Phases of Phenylsuccinic Acid

In the crystallization of a racemic mixture, formation of a conglomerate, i.e., a mechanical mixture of enantiomerically pure crystals, is the basic requirement for separation of enantiomers by preferential crystallization. Phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) is in the literature reported as a system forming a racemic compound, i.e., each crystal is an ordered mixture of the two enantiomers. In the present work, the properties of PSA were explored, with the underlying ambition of finding a conglomerate. Racemic PSA was crystallized by unseeded batch cooling crystallization in water, in acetic acid, and in 2-propanol (IPA). The corresponding data on solubility and the metastable limits were determined. Crystallization of racemic PSA in seven different solvents generated racemic PSA solvates with 2-propanol and with dioxane, respectively. The solubility of the (RS)-PSA·IPA solvate was determined, and the transition temperature between the solvated and the ansolvate (RS)-PSA I was found to be 16.5 °C. In addition to the solution crystallization investigation, an extensive thermal analysis of the racemate and of pure (S)-PSA was performed. A metastable racemate was produced by melt crystallization but was never obtained in solution crystallization, although unusually high cooling rates combined with different levels of concentration and stirring conditions were used. Throughout this work, the solution concentration and the crystal modification type obtained upon nucleation were determined by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate Partial Lease Squares (PLS) calibrations. The work suggests that for a system reported to be forming a racemic compound, there are at least three opportunities to find a conglomerate that should be explored: (i) a conglomerate that may be the stable modification at a different higher or lower temperature; (ii) a metastable conglomerate that may have a sufficient stability for a separation to be performed; (iii) a solvated conglomerate, either more or less stable than the ansolvate.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strategy for a Tobacco-Free Germany 2040

reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Tobacco Industry Monitoring Letters -brief articles on tobacco industry tactics.

Topic: Health and Medical Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Laterality effects in the spinning dancer illusion: The viewing‐from‐above bias is only part of the story

The ‘silhouette illusion’, representing the silhouette of a female dancer pirouetting about her vertical axis, is a bistable stimulus created by Japanese web designer Nobuyuki Kayahara. Although the dancer can be perceived as spinning either clockwise or counterclockwise, the clockwise rotation is usually preferred. Troje and McAdam ( i‐Perception , 2010, 1, 143) showed that this clockwise bias can be attributed to the tendency to assume a viewpoint from above rather than from below, given that the dancer is portrayed from a vantage point that is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Here, we tested whether another possible factor contributing to the observers’ interpretation of this bistable stimulus might be the tendency to perceive movements of the right rather than the left foot. We confirmed both the viewing‐from‐above bias and our hypothesis. The bias to perceive movements of the right leg might be a generalization to lower limbs of a perceptual frequency effect already observed for upper limbs. Such a perceptual and attentional bias towards the right hand/foot could account for the greater ability to predict the outcome of sport actions when observing right‐ rather than left‐limbed movements, and thus the left‐handers' and left‐footers' advantage observed in a variety of interactive sports.

Topic: Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Emerging issues in the relationship between adolescent substance use and suicidal behavior.

Adolescent suicidal behavior poses a major global public health concern as it is highly prevalent and associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. Substanceuse disorders are also an issue of increasing concern among adolescents and have been shown to increase the risk for suicidal behaviors. In this review we address emerging issues in the relationship between adolescent substance use disorders and suicidal behaviors. We focus on common hazardous patterns of substance abuse such as binge drinking and poly-substance abuse and point out developing patterns of substance preferences as evidenced by the contemporary widespread use of synthetic cannabinoids. We address these issues in the context of vulnerable populations such as sexual-minority adolescents and youth with co-occurring mental-disorder diagnoses. Finally, we relate to the present and future challenges presented by these issues to implement effective anti-suicidal treatment and prevention strategies in adolescents with substance use disorders.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrating Pixologic ZBrush into an Autodesk Maya pipeline

The purpose of this thesis is to integrate the use of the relatively new volumetric pixel program, Pixologic ZBrush, into an Autodesk Maya project pipeline. As ZBrush is quickly becoming the industry standard in advanced character design in both film and video game work, the goal is to create a succinct and effective way for Maya users to utilize ZBrush files. Furthermore, this project aims to produce a final film of both valid artistic and academic merit. The resulting work produced a guide that followed a Maya-created film project where ZBrush was utilized in the creation of the character models, as well as noting the most useful formats and resolutions with which to approach each file. A concrete method of moving files back and forth effectively from Maya to ZBrush was documented. Given the short time that ZBrush has been in use, such a consolidated guide may prove useful to anyone producing a small-scale production while maintaining quality visuals.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cupric Yersiniabactin Is a Virulence-Associated Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

Many Gram-negative bacteria interact with extracellular metal ions by expressing one or more siderophore types. Among these, the virulence-associated siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt) is an avid copper chelator, forming stable cupric (Cu(II)-Ybt) complexes that are detectable in infected patients. Here we show that Ybt-expressing E. coli are protected from intracellular killing within copper-replete phagocytic cells. This survival advantage is highly dependent upon the phagocyte respiratory burst, during which superoxide is generated by the NADPH oxidase complex. Chemical fractionation links this phenotype to a previously unappreciated superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Cu(II)-Ybt. Unlike previously described synthetic copper-salicylate (Cu(II)-SA) SOD mimics, the salicylate-based natural product Cu(II)-Ybt retains catalytic activity at physiologically plausible protein concentrations. These results reveal a new virulence-associated adaptation based upon spontaneous assembly of a non-protein catalyst.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Multi-Objective Optimization of Turning Operation of Stainless Steel Using a Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm

In manufacturing industries, selecting the appropriate cutting parameters is essential to improve the product quality. As a result, the applications of optimization techniques in metal cutting processes is vital for a quality product. Due to the complex nature of the machining processes, single objective optimization approaches have limitations, since several different and contradictory objectives must be simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective optimization method is introduced to find the optimum cutting parameters to avoid this dilemma. The main objective of this paper is to develop a multi-objective optimization algorithm using the hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). In order to perform the multi-objective optimization, grey analysis is integrated with the WOA algorithm. In this paper, Stainless Steel 304 is utilized for turning operation to study the effect of machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness, cutting forces, power, peak tool temperature, material removal rate and heat rate. The output parameters are obtained through series of simulations and experiments. Then by using this hybrid optimization algorithm the optimum machining conditions for turning operation is achieved by considering unit cost and quality of production. It is also found that with the change of output parameter weightage, the optimum cutting condition varies. In addition to that, the effects of different cutting parameters on surface roughness and power consumption are analysed.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Googling with the Stones: The Greatest Rock and Roll Corporation in the World and the Mainstreaming of Bootleg Recordings

This project looks at the world of Rolling Stones bootleg recordings, Stones bootleggers, and Stones bootleg collectors/fans, first to show the evolution of the business from its barebones beginnings in the late 1960s to its global reach today, and second to argue that, with the aid of the Internet, the band’s involvement with this underground side of their music has actually advanced from casual disinterestedness to conscious and quite profitable corporate manipulation of the industry. The arc of the article takes us from the making and marketing of the first Rolling Stones concert bootleg recording, LiveR Than You’ll Ever Be (from a November 1969 concert in Oakland, California), to today, when the Stones have become active participants in the corporatization of the bootleg culture by striking up a lucrative partnership with “Google Play” for an official digital release of several of their most frequently bootlegged shows.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cystic fibrosis in Malay children--a report of three cases.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare disease among Asians. Three Malay children with CF presenting with recurrent pulmonary symptoms, malabsorption and failure to thrive are reported. Problems in their management include availability of pancreatic enzymes, compliance to medications and climate factors.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Power analysis of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on two-stage current source converters

This paper discusses a power analysis of the two-stage current source converter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system applications. The aim of this research is to analyze the active powers of the converter. The proposed two-stage power conversion topologies are consisting of a dc-dc converter and a single-phase current source inverter. This dc-dc converter operated with a phase shifted PWM technique, which produced three levels current on the output dc current, and current source inverter outputting a low frequency for injecting a sinusoidal current flowing into the power grid. Simulation results of the proposed system are demonstrate and discussed. As results, the proposed method is good conformation with the theoretical analysis in which the power factor and efficiency.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences