jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On being queer and postcolonial: Reading Zadie Smith’s <i>NW</i> through Virginia Woolf’s <i>Mrs Dalloway</i>

This article explores the legacies of Virginia Woolf’s modernist lens in Zadie Smith’s latest novel, NW through a joint queer and postcolonial reading. Although critics have so far pointed out the connections between Smith’s fiction and modernist and postmodernist precursors, this article examines the unexplored relationship between NW and Mrs Dalloway. It argues that Woolf’s novel provides NW with a model of queer modernist dissidence that NW enacts in the equally frustrated relationship between two of its main characters, Leah and Natalie, whose dissatisfaction with the binaries of heteronormative patriarchy are intertwined with issues of class and ethnicity. Yet the article also proposes that what remains at the heart of Smith’s enterprise is the frustrated connection between queer sensibilities, which belies larger issues of British national identity and of diasporic subjects’ forging a sense of belonging and place in the postcolonial nation.

Topic: Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
HEPATITIS EPIDEMIC IN A HYPERENDEMIC ZONE OF COSTA RICA. REPORT OF A SECOND OUTBREAK WITHIN FOUR YEARS1

Villarejos, V. M. (LSU-ICMRT, Apdo. 10155, San José, Costa Rica), J. A. Arguedas, A. Gutiérrez, E. Eduarte, G. Vargas and J. A. Osborne. Hepatitis epidemic in a hyperendemic zone of Costa Rica. Report of a second outbreak within four years. Am J Epidemiol 96: 361–371, 1972.—Four years after an outbreak of type B hepatitis in a highly endemic zone of Costa Rica, a second and larger epidemic of viral hepatitis occurred in the two counties involved. The epidemic ran a protracted course, lasted throughout both rainy and dry seasons, and reached attack rates as high as 5% in certain districts. Over 36% of the 771 cases observed were children under 5 years and 92% were less than 15 years old. The pattern of age-specific attack rates in rural and urban areas revealed belated acquisition of immunity in sparsely populated rural areas, indicating a distribution of susceptibles in accord with the degree of exposure during endemic periods. The overall ratio of clinically overt to subclinical or inapparent infection was approximately 1:1. The disease was anicteric in a large proportion of cases (37%). Hepatitis B (Australia) antigen was found in 5.3% of the sera tested, predominantly in adult cases, which probably expressed only the endemic occurrence of this type of disease in the area, independent of the epidemic infection. No common source or vehicle was detected; person-to-person contact was the most likely mode of spread. The epidemiologic and clinical data characterize this as an epidemic of infectious hepatitis, which occurred in a highly endemic zone.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stimulation of prolyl hydroxylase activity by bleomycin.

The activity of purified prolyl hydroxylase (proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase, EC 1. 14. 11. 2) was enhanced 3 approximately 8-fold at a low concentration of ferrous ion (1 X 10(-5 M) by addition of bleomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic with antineoplastic activity and a side effect of producing pulmonary fibrosis. The maximum stimulation was attained at a concentration of 15 microgram/ml bleomycin (about 1 X 10(-5) M), which was approximately equimolar with the ferrous ion, one of the cofactors of this enzyme. Addition of bleomycin to the assay mixture resulted in a change of the optimal concentration of ferrous ion from 2 X 10(-3) M to 1 X 10(-5) M. Changing the order of addition of ferrous ion, enzyme and bleomycin in assay medium before incubation at 37 degrees C, the stimulatory activity was varied. Blemycin A2Cu++(Cu++-chelated bleomycin), which scarcely complexed with Fe++, had no enhancing effects on the enzymatic activity. We discuss the possible reasons as to why the activity of prolyl hydroxylase was enhanced by addition of bleomycin in the assay mixture.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Correlations between Interpersonal Relation, Social Support and Learning Well-Being of Undergraduates

本文探讨大学生的人际关系和社会支持对其学习幸福感的影响，检验人际关系是否作为调节变量起作用，为提高大学生的学习幸福感提供理论参考。采用人际关系综合诊断量表、社会支持评定量表和自编大学生学习幸福感量表对450名大学生进行测评。研究结果显示缓解人际关系困扰和完善社会支持可以提升学习幸福感的水平。 The present study, by surveying 450 college students with the Interpersonal Comprehensive Di-agnostic Scale, the Social Support Evaluation Scale and the Self Made-up College Students Sense of Happiness Scale, aims to probe into what effect the college students’ interpersonal relations and social support have on their learning well-being, so as to test whether interpersonal relations can work as the regulated variable. This study can provide theoretical references for enhancing college students’ learning well-being. The results show easing the troubled relationship and improving the social support can raise the levels of learning well-being.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Permanent Magnet Motor Bearing and Rotor System Stimulate Vibration

Consider-mechanical rotor eccentricity and bearing vibration and electr-omagnetic coupling of electromagnetic force under the action of the rotor vibration about permanent magnet motor bearing and rotor system,In outstanding rotor imbalance by electromagnetic force and rolling bearing a reverse force,with the use of the average method to the Lord of the rotor system-bearing vibration analysis of resonance form.

Topic: Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitigating end-to-end nonlinearity in LED-based VLC transceivers via an optical intensity feedback

This Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, intensity-modulation transmitter equipped with an optical intensity feedback (OIF) loop, which mitigates the holistic nonlinearity on both sides of intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) transceivers from solely the transmitter side. In contrast to the recent effort on pre-distortion, we construct a negative feedback loop bridging the optical intensity of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) toward a sensor for nonlinearity perception to suppress the nonlinearity among all physical devices. In the meantime, we propose an analytical model for the feedback loop and an implementation scheme. The experimental results demonstrate a significant linearity improvement in the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the power gain flatness. More specifically, the average THD of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based OIF transceiver is −49.4 dB (0.37%) and the minimum power gain variance is 0.0005, 0.0025% of the control group. As for the transceiver using a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), its average THD is −52.42 dB (0.25%) and the minimum power gain variance can reach 0.0026. Not only that, since the method only takes advantage of the negative feedback feature and dose not rely on any particular module, it has lower complexity and better applicability.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Relationship Between Religious Values and Politics in Türkiye: Research on the Voting Preference of Religious Communities

This study investigates the voting preferences of religious communities with a standardized structure in Türkiye. The results of the qualitative research conducted in Diyarbakır with“six” religious congregations that declared that they would support the People's Alliance and “one” religious congregation that declared that they would support the Nation's Alliance before the 2023 elections revealed that religious values are dominant in the vote preferences of religious congregations. However, when we look at the reasons for the emergence of their values, we see that it is not based solely on faith; the religious ideology that emerged as a result of the political traumas caused by the religious policies of the single-party period on the religious community is an important reference point in the vote preference of religious communities. Due to the low number of candidates in an election with two candidates, an understanding of the lesser of two evils was adopted.

Topic: Turkey's Politics and Society
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Automatic Operation of Fluorescent Magnetic Powder Method for Square Steel Billets

To detect surface flaws of square steel billets a study was made about automatism of fluorescent magnetic powder method.The consititution of detector is:(1) Black light source(2) Detecting mechanism being consisted of optical lens, stationary and revloving scanning light guide and photoelectric converting cell(3) Circuit transacting electric signals that select only harmful flaws.(4) Automatic marking mechanismFlaws become visible by ordinary automatic method.Optical lens are fixed in front of detecting mechanism and they lead the light from fluorescent magnetic powder over flaws to stationary light guide.Revolving light guide scans over round stationary light guide side and guides the light to photo-electric converting cell. By adjustings sanning velocity of revolving light guide to feed velocity of billets, all the surface of square billets can be inspected.This method can be surely put into practice.

Topic: Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Smodicinodes schwendingeri sp. n. from Thailand and the first male of Smodicinodes Ono, 1993, with notes on the phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Smodicinini (Araneae: Thomisidae)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Petty bribery, pluralistic ignorance, and the collective action problem

Corruption in the form of bribery for access to public goods and services remains a widespread and seemingly innocuous practice which disproportionately targets the poor and helps keep them poor. Furthermore, the aggregate effects of bribery in the form of small payments erode the legitimacy of government institutions and their capacity to fairly administer public goods and services as well as protection under the law. Drawing on original evidence using social norms methodology, this research tests underlying beliefs and expectations which sustain persistent forms of bribery and draws attention to its association with pluralistic ignorance and consequent collective action problems. With examples focused on bribery in traffic law enforcement, healthcare, and education – three critical areas where bribery is often identified as an entrenched and systematic practice – this paper contributes new evidence of: i) the presence of pluralistic ignorance, a common social comparison error, in bribe-giving behaviour; ii) differing social evaluations of bribe-solicitation and finally, iii) how this context might exacerbate collective action problems. This empirical case study of Nigeria shows that even though more people are likely to be directly affected by bribery during routine interactions with public officials and institutions and many believe this practice is wrong, most people incorrectly believe that others in their community tolerate or even accept bribery behaviour.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Schacht, Horace Greeley Hjalmar (1877–1970)

Raised in an atmosphere of open-minded, liberal thinking in his family and of national patriotism among the general public, Schacht studies history of literature, German language and finally economics. Besides this he gained an education as a journalist. The theme of his doctoral thesis, 'Der theoretische Gehalt des englischen Merkantelismus', forced him to deepen his knowledge of finance, credit systems and foreign trade policy, which was relevant for his work in the years that followed. In 1903 he became an employee of the Dresdner Bank and in 1916 a member of the board of directors of the National Bank, which after its fusion with the Darmstädter Bank was one of the biggest banks in Germany.

Topic: Neurology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Power of American Governors: Winning on Budgets and Losing on Policy

With limited authority over state lawmaking, but ultimate responsibility for the performance of government, how effective are governors in moving their programs through the legislature? This book advances a new theory about what makes chief executives most successful and explores this theory through original data. Thad Kousser and Justin H. Phillips argue that negotiations over the budget, on the one hand, and policy bills on the other are driven by fundamentally different dynamics. They capture these dynamics in models informed by interviews with gubernatorial advisors, cabinet members, press secretaries and governors themselves. Through a series of novel empirical analyses and rich case studies, the authors demonstrate that governors can be powerful actors in the lawmaking process, but that what they're bargaining over – the budget or policy – shapes both how they play the game and how often they can win it

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Entomo-epidemiological investigations on chikungunya outbreak in the Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean.

It is concluded that the routine campaigns need to be organized regularly within the community highlighting the potential breeding grounds of mosquitoes and the possible control methods. Source reduction strategies like destruction of coconut shells and rodent-devoured coconuts by burning or by burying them inside the ground. Ae. albopictus played major role as the vector mosquitoes responsible for the chikungunya transmission.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular Characterization of<i>Bartonella vinsonii</i>subsp.<i>berkhoffii</i>Genotype III

ABSTRACT The molecular characterization of a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype III strain (NCSU strain 06-CO1) isolated from the blood of a military working dog diagnosed with endocarditis is reported in this study. Several genes were amplified and sequenced for comparative sequence similarity with other strains.

Topic: Bartonella species infections research
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Increased GABAA receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics

Recent investigations of postmortem brain from schizophrenic patients have revealed reduced numbers of neurons in several different corticolimbic brain regions. In the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, more specific decreases in the numbers of interneurons, but not pyramidal cells, have been reported to occur preferentially in layer II. Based on this latter finding, a loss of inhibitory basket cells leading to a compensatory upregulation of the GABAA receptor has been hypothesized to occur in schizophrenic patients and to be a contributory factor in the pathophysiology of this disorder. We now report the results of a high-resolution quantitation of GABAA receptor binding in anterior cingulate cortex of postmortem specimens from normal and schizophrenic cases. The results indicate a preferential increase in bicuculline-sensitive 3H-muscimol binding on neuronal cell bodies of layers II and III, but not layers V and VI, of the schizophrenic cases. There was no difference in the size of neurons in any of the layers examined when the control and schizophrenic groups were compared. The neuropil of layer I also showed significantly greater GABAA binding in schizophrenics. The differences seen in the schizophrenic group did not appear to be the result of exposure to antipsychotic medication because one patient who was medication naive and a second who had received minimal exposure to antipsychotic drugs also showed elevated GABAA receptor binding. Since information processing depends on corticocortical integration in outer layers I- III, a disturbance of inhibitory activity in these superficial layers of limbic cortex may contribute to the defective associative function seen in schizophrenia.

Topic: Schizophrenia research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reply to “Comment on ‘Rethinking the Lower Bound on Aerosol Radiative Forcing’”

Kretzschmar et al., in a comment in 2017, use the spread in the output of aerosol–climate models to argue that the models refute the hypothesis (presented in a paper by Stevens in 2015) that for the mid-twentieth-century warming to be consistent with observations, then the present-day aerosol forcing, [Formula: see text] must be less negative than −1 W m −2 . The main point of contention is the nature of the relationship between global SO 2 emissions and [Formula: see text] In contrast to the concave (log-linear) relationship used by Stevens and in earlier studies, whereby [Formula: see text] becomes progressively less sensitive to SO 2 emissions, some models suggest a convex relationship, which would imply a less negative lower bound. The model that best exemplifies this difference, and that is most clearly in conflict with the hypothesis of Stevens, does so because of an implausible aerosol response to the initial rise in anthropogenic aerosol precursor emissions in East and South Asia—already in 1975 this model’s clear-sky reflectance from anthropogenic aerosol over the North Pacific exceeds present-day estimates of the clear-sky reflectance by the total aerosol. The authors perform experiments using a new (observationally constrained) climatology of anthropogenic aerosols to further show that the effects of changing patterns of aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions during the late twentieth century have, for the same global emissions, relatively little effect on [Formula: see text] These findings suggest that the behavior Kretzschmar et al. identify as being in conflict with the lower bound in Stevens arises from an implausible relationship between SO 2 emissions and [Formula: see text] and thus provides little basis for revising this lower bound.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Historiography as a form of political thought

This article seeks to combine two lines of thought that have been little studied: a model history of early modern historiography, and a theory of the impact of historiography on a political society. Under the former heading, it traces the growth of a narrative of European history as a series of sequels to the Roman empire, and a history of historiography as passing from classical narrative to antiquarian study and Enlightened philosophy. Under the latter, it considers the effect on political life of being narrated in a plurality of contexts, and asks whether a modern society can survive if deprived of the capacity for debating its history.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ISSUE CANADA'S ARCTIC WATERWAYS: FUTURE SHIPPING CROSSROADS?

In the foreseeable future, diminishing sea ice in the Canadian Arctic could inspire the world shipping community to seek expanded access to the nation’s northern waterways for conveying international cargo. It could also enable the increased exploitation and exportation of northern resources by Canada’s mineral and oil industries. Given the potential economic imperatives, it might prove difficult for Canada to deny such use of these waterways, however it should be possible to apply effective measures for regulating the increased vessel traffic while ensuring the safety of navigation and the protection of the environment.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of Depth of Hypnosis on Pupillary Reactivity to a Standardized Tetanic Stimulus in Patients Under Propofol-Remifentanil Target–Controlled Infusion: A Crossover Randomized Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Pupillometry allows the measurement of pupillary diameter variations in response to nociceptive stimuli. This technique has been used to monitor the balance between analgesia and nociception. Under general anesthesia, the amplitude of pupillary dilation is related to the amount of administered opioids. The objective of this study was to determine whether at a constant infusion rate of opioids, the pupillary response was influenced by depth of hypnosis assessed by the bispectral index (BIS). METHODS: Twelve patients (14–20 years) anesthetized for orthopedic surgery were included. Under propofol-remifentanil target–controlled infusion, remifentanil effect site target concentration was fixed at 1 ng/mL. Two measures of pupillary reflex dilation were performed on each patient in a randomized order: one at BIS 55 and one at BIS 25. These levels of BIS were obtained by adjusting propofol target concentration and maintained for 10 minutes before each measure. For each measure, we applied a standardized tetanic stimulation on the patient’s forearm (60 mA, 100 Hz, 5 seconds). All measures were performed before the beginning of surgery. RESULTS: Pupillary dilation was significantly greater at BIS 55 than at BIS 25: 32.1% ± 5.3% vs 10.4% ± 2.5% (mean difference estimate [95% confidence interval]: 21.8% [12.9–30.6], P &lt; .001), without carryover effect ( P = .30) nor period effect ( P = .52). Hemodynamic parameters and BIS were not modified by the stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving a constant infusion of remifentanil at a target concentration of 1 ng/mL, pupillary dilation after a standardized tetanic stimulation was influenced by depth of hypnosis assessed by the BIS.

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hordeum vulgare L. B 11576

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.<br>Common name(s): Barley<br>Other names: CMB89A.1007-F-1M-1Y-1B-0Y<br>Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico<br>Local sample unique identifier: B 11576<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1994<br>Other identifiers: n/a,B11576, n/a,CID 172693 SID 12, n/a,GID 1895618<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeder's line<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Real‐world off‐label use of icatibant for acute management of non‐hereditary angioedema

Abstract We retrospectively examined the indications and efficacy of off‐label use of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist icatibant. The clinical heterogeneity, variability of response to icatibant and lack of efficacy of adrenaline described in this audit highlights both the need for biomarkers that can rapidly distinguish between histaminergic and non‐histaminergic angioedema, and for guidelines to improve the utility of icatibant in the non‐hereditary angioedema setting.

Topic: Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences