jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The importance of the bolus calculator use for improving glycemic control in patients on the insulin pump therapy

Introduction: Bolus calculator is an advanced function of insulin pump (IP). The use of bolus calculator increases the accuracy of calculation of the proper meal or corrective dose of insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Aim of the Study: Compare the difference in the parameters of glycemic control (HbA1c, postprandial increase of blood glucose and number of hypoglycemic episodes per week) between the group of patients who use bolus calculator for <50% of the total daily boluses, and the group of patients who use bolus calculator for ≥50% of total daily boluses. Patients and Methods: This study included 36 patients aged over 18 years with T1D on IP therapy in the Republika of Srpska. All patients used IP for at least one year prior to participation in the study. Before the IP therapy was initiated, all the patients were trained for carbohydrate counting in course of flexible insulin therapy training (FIT). Professional software, CareLink Pro® Software (Medtronic Inc., Northridge, CA, USA) was used to download data from insulin pumps to a personal computer. The default frequency of bolus calculator use was ≥50% of total daily boluses. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in HbA1c (6.61 ± 1.10 vs. 0.84 ± 6:56, p = 0.896) or the number of hypoglycemic episodes (2.00 (1.00, 4.00) (1.0 - 6.0) vs 3.00 (2.00, 4:00) (1.0 - 5.0), p = 0.298) between the group of patients who used bolus calculator for <50% of the total daily boluses, and the group of patients who used bolus calculator for ≥50% of total daily boluses. Patients who used bolus calculator had significantly lower postprandial increase in blood glucose after breakfast. Conclusion: In order to maximize all the advantages of IP therapy, a regular reeducation of both patients and diabetologists about advanced IP functions is needed for improving the glycoregulation in T1DM.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thymic selection of innate self-specific T cells: Both Timing and Signal Strength matter

Abstract Naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells are selected in the thymus in response to low-avidity TCR interactions. Such weak TCR signals are crucial for installing a quiescent program that guides them to the lymph nodes yet allows for immune activation upon encounter of high-affinity ligands in the periphery. In contrast, agonist-selected T cells receive strong self-based TCR signals in the thymus that imprint them to guard the mucosal borders and maintain quiescence at steady state. Although the TCR signal strength is a decisive factor in instructing these different outcomes, the mechanism that generates protective self-specific T cells remains largely enigmatic. Previous work suggests that the self-specific double negative (DN) T cell lineage already diverges early during T cell development. We have explored the role of developmental timing by Cre-mediated deletion of components of the TCR signaling pathway. The Lck proximal promoter drives Cre expression before b-selection and the CD4 promoter drives Cre expression after b-selection but before positive selection. As TCR targets we investigated the lack of Themis expression, essential for the generation of conventional naïve T cells, but dispensable for agonist selection. Vice versa, we analyzed the requirement for Stim1 and Stim2, driving agonist selection, but not conventional selection. Both Lck prox Cre- and CD4 Cre-driven deletion of Themis lead to a drastic decrease in naïve T cells. However, DN T cells are particularly dependent on early strong TCR signals at the Pre-TCR stage, as only Lck prox Cre- but not CD4 Cre-driven deletion of Stim1/2 eliminates this subset. Our results suggest that strong signals at the Pre-TCR checkpoint are crucial for the generation of innate self-specific T cells.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Motion Verbs of Manner in FrameNet: A Comparison between Persian and English

This study aims to comparatively investigate the semantic frames of motion verbs in Persian and English within the framework of the frame semantics theory (Fillmore 1977; 1982; 1985). As far as motion verbs are concerned, it is obvious that Manner is considered as one of the motion components expressed by either the verb or any element other than the verb. In English — a satellite-framed language (Talmy 2000b) — Manner is shown by motion verbs, whereas in Persian it is typically indicated by non-verbal elements, although there are also some verbs via which Manner is encoded. Within this study, thirty English verbs of manner were selected from among the ones Levin (1993) has introduced and then the verbs were translated into Persian and looked up through the Persian Corpus of Bijankhan to achieve their contexts of use. Next, FrameNet was asked for the semantic frame each verb evoked. Thereafter, comparing the semantic frames in the two languages, it was revealed that not every verb of manner does exist as a Lexical Unit in FrameNet. Likewise, not for every verb was a specified semantic frame either. Moreover, the frames for some other verbs have been defined in such a way that they cannot semantically distinguish those verbs from each other, whereas such distinctions are prominent in both manner verbs and the frames they evoke especially in Persian.

Topic: Categorization, perception, and language
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling open channels using moments of the Boltzmann equation

The two dimensional statistical mechanics equation of Boltzmann for 1 and 2-D shallow waters is formulated. It is shown that the 2-D unsteady depth average shallow water equations are derivable from the zero and first moments of the Boltzmann equation. The relationship between the statistical equation of Boltzmann and the shallow water equations is exploited in the formulation of an accurate, efficient and robust algorithms for (i) a 2-D depth averaged shallow water equations, where turbulent stresses are neglected, and (ii) a 2-D Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for open channel flows. The results obtained by the model which ignores turbulence stresses compare well with measured data from dam break laboratory experiments. In addition, the results of the LES model compare well with measured data from compound channel laboratory experiments.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of Plastid 5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase (ALAD; EC 4.2.1.24) from Spinach (Spinacia olevacea L.) by Sequencing and Comparison with Non-Plant ALAD Enzymes

Abstract We have sequenced 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD; EC 2.4.1.24) of a plant. A fulllength cDNA clone (1727 bp) encoding this enzyme has been identified by immunoscreening a lambda gt 11 cDNA library of spinach. ALAD is not a plant-specific enzyme; however, the plant enzyme differs from the well known ALAD enzymes of bacteria, yeast and animals in structural and biochemical properties and in that it is located in the plastid. Differences and homologies can be traced back to the molecular level. The mature ALAD subunit, whose N-terminus was determined by automatic Edman degradation, is a protein of 367 amino acid residues and has a M r of 40,132. This figure is in the range of molecular weights of non-plant ALADs. The active centre is highly conserved and the same is true for the ion-binding domain, except that 4 cysteines of the non-plant enzymes (binding Zn 2+ ) have disappeared and a total of 6 aspartic acids meets the demands of Mg 2+ -binding. However, there are more distinct differences. Apart from a transit sequence of 56 amino acids targeting the plastid, the N-terminal part of the mature plant enzyme differs considerably from non-plant ALAD enzymes. It is rich in prolines and hydroxylated amino acids. The apparent M r on SDS-PAGE is 45,000 or higher, but up to now posttranslational modifications have not been found.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SH1466913.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
8 Emerging Multinationals

shortfall in the US banking system resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis is considered by many to be the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It has led to the failure of multinational companies and key businesses, decline in consumer wealth, and a significant drop in economic activity worldwide. As the crisis unfolded globally, its impact became pronounced for both developed and emerging economies. Consequently, the global downturn has impacted both Western multinational companies and ‘emerging multinationals’—multinational companies originating from emerging economies. Many multinationals have had to deal with falling demand and tightening access to loans. In the same fashion, the crisis has negatively impacted the internationalization plans of emerging multinationals lacking finances for further expansion. In spite of the negative effect of the crisis on emerging economies and emerging multinationals, it is often argued that the main drivers of global economic growth will be the emerging economies. The Economist’s, ‘The World in 2012’ predicts gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 3.5 per cent in Brazil, 3.7 per cent in Russia, 7.8 per cent in India, and 8.2 per cent in China. In contrast, GDP of the Eurozone countries is expected to contract by 0.3 per cent (The Economist, 2011). Likewise, the world might see an accelerated growth of emerging multinationals. Specifically in times of crisis, distressed assets from Western companies, or whole business units, became attractive targets for acquisition. Volvo’s acquisition by Chinese automaker Geely provides an illustrative example. In 2009, amidst the economic downturn,

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Mental Accounting and Business Decision-Making within SMEs: A Covid-19 Pandemic Phenomenon

This study aims to analyze the mental accounting of SME actors in business decision-making in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The objects of this study are the SMEs in Salatiga City. The data collection technique uses accidental sampling with the SME respondents who were willing to be interviewed during the research. The study employs a questionnaire from 100 respondents. This study is mixed-method research. The quantitative approach is to process the accounting information owned by SME actors in business decision-making and detect mental accounting when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative approach is interviewing SME actors. The results show a mental accounting in terms of the separation of business finances and personal finances. Most SME actors allocate income to certain necessities. The recording of transactions has been done even though the records are limited to certain records. The income and costs incurred were separated for the business. The SMEs actors already have business decisions in the income cycle, expenditure cycle, production cycle, HR management cycle, and payroll and funding cycle decisions. In making these decisions, SME actors rely more on unwritten accounting information such as market price estimates, the estimated cost of goods sold, estimated production costs, owners' memories of the amount of inventory they have, as well as direct physical inspection of inventories to make good business decisions. The main contribution of this researchdemonstrates that the Covid-19 pandemic has shaped new behavior relating to business decision-making by the separation of business and personal finances.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Susceptibility of Rous sarcoma virus-specific sequences integrated into SR-C3H/He mouse ascites sarcoma cell chromatin to DNase I and DNase II.

The susceptibility of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genomes integrated in mouse ascites sarcoma cells (SR-C3H/He cells) to DNase I and DNase II was investigated. Approximately half of the viral sequences were sensitive to DNase I and DNase II when 17% and 7.4% of the chromatin DNA was rendered acid soluble, respectively. The results suggest that newly acquired exogenous proviral sequences are integrated into both transcriptionally active and inactive regions of chromatin in cells lacking related endogenous viral sequences.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Solid-Phase Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of HMG Nonhistone Proteins in Their Native Structure

Abstract The use of purified specific antibodies against HMG1 and HMG17 (high mobility group nonhistone chromosomal proteins), together with a very sensitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay, allows the detection of nanograms of these proteins free in solution or in chromatin native structure, and the measurement of their accesibility. The sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of the radioimmunoassay. With the advantage of avoiding the handling of radioactive materials.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Examination of representative drum from 618-9 Burial Ground

The work described in this report was conducted in pursuance of Task E of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Solid Waste Technology Support Program for Westinghouse Hanford Company. Task E calls for a determination of the corrosion rate of low-carbon steels under typical Hanford Site conditions. To meet this objective, Pacific Northwest Laboratory examined one intact drum that was judged to be representative of the largely intact drums excavated at the 618-9 Burial Ground located west of the 300 Area at the Hanford Site. Six samples were examined to characterize the drum, its composition, and its corrosion and corrosion products. The drum, which was found empty, was constructed of low-carbon steel. Its surface appeared relatively sound. The drum metal varied in thickness, but the minimum thickness in the samples was near 0.020 in. The corrosion corresponds to approximately 25 to 35 mils of metal loss, roughly a 1 mil/yr corrosion rate. Corrosion products were goethite and maghymite, expected products of iron buried in soil. Apparently, the drum leaked some time ago, but the cause of the leakage is unknown because records of the drums and their burial are limited. The drum was empty when found, and it is possible that itmore » could have failed by pitting rather than by general corrosion. A pitting rate of about 3.5 mils/yr would have caused loss of drum integrity in the time since burial.« less

Topic: Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LAMA tumor in the rat as an experimental model for pre-B-cell leukemia.

A late pre-B-cell leukemia model in the rat, the LAMA tumor, is described. A mouse monoclonal antibody (HIS30) was developed against LAMA cells. HIS30 reacts with a membrane antigen in tumor tissue, whereas its reactivity with normal tissues is limited to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and to the adrenal medulla. HIS30 was used for both the immunohistological detection of tumor cells in tissue sections and the immunolocalization of tumor cells in vivo. To enable in vitro studies with the LAMA model, an in vitro growing cell line (LAMA-K1) was established from the LAMA tumor. LAMA-K1 is immunophenotypically similar to the original tumor. Two tumor transplantation models were characterized. In the first model LAMA was implanted s.c., and local tumor growth occurred at the injection site, which was then followed by lymphatogenic and subsequently hematogenic tumor spread. In the second model i.v. transplantation caused direct hematogenic tumor dissemination. In both models early dissemination was especially prominent to the bone marrow, spleen, and liver. Later in the disease most visceral organs became involved, and partial paralysis of the animal was observed in the end stage of the disease. In combination with HIS30, the LAMA pre-B-cell tumor offers a model for both the investigation of in vivo transplanted tumor cells and for the in vivo detection of tumor cells by HIS30 in LAMA tumor-bearing rats.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-reflexivity and the Representation of The Indian Diasporic Community in Deepa Mehta’s Bollywood/Hollywood

This paper discusses Deepa Mehta’s lighthearted romantic comedy Bollywood/Hollywood as a representation of the Indian diasporic community settled in Canada. What makes this film especially interesting is that it focuses on how, for overseas Indians, Bollywood offers the possibility of accessing the home culture in a globalised world. Bollywood as an industry is synonymous with the genre of family melodrama, and when Mehta uses this term it represents, not just the Bombay Film Industry, but also the cultural iconicity of the genre, which in turn represents the film sensibility of the entire ‘mass’ of Indians located within the country and in the diaspora. At one level, the film is a lighthearted comic portrayal of the Indo-Canadian community in Toronto and its strong connection with “our magnificent Indian culture” (B/H) through the Hindi movies churned out by Bollywood. At a closer look at a number of scenes, light is cast on the way Deepa Mehta emphasizes the cultural divides through interesting narrative and visual constructions. The actual argument of the film emerges in a dialectical reading and recognition of the oppositional forces operating within and without the narrative world. What is particularly striking about this film is its self-reflexivity. It announces itself as a Bollywood melodrama and celebrates this identity. Bollywood is thus positioned as both a subject and an object of contemplation—a world of Cinema that is a part of our memory and a vehicle of history. The critique of the formula also comes from within the formulaic narrative itself. Deepa Mehta constantly uses the genre and also plays around with it in interesting ways

Topic: South Asian Cinema and Culture
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Respon Macam Bibit Dan Sumber Bahan Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L)

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plantation commodity which has high economic value. The increasing demand for sugarcane products as an industrial raw material must be accompanied by the productivity of the sugarcane plant. The quality of the seeds will determine the success of sugarcane cultivation. From these problems, it is necessary to have quality nursery technology and planting media that can support nurseries. This research was conducted to determine the interaction between kinds of seeds and sources of organic matter on the growth of sugarcane seeds. This research was conducted from February to April 2020 at the Jember State Polytechnic experimental site. This study used a factorial randomized complate block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The first factor is the variety of sugarcane seeds (B), namely B1 = Bud chips and B2 = Bud set. The second factor is the source of organic matter (S), namely S1 = soil + sand + coffee husk compost, S2 = soil + sand + manure, and S3 = soil + sand + blotong. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level and continued with the LSD test (the smallest significant difference) and the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) follow-up test. The parameters used were germination (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), number of tillers (stems), shoot wet weight (grams), shoot dry weight (grams), root wet weight (grams), weight dry root (gram). The results showed that the treatment of seedlings had a significant effect on germination, and had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, shoot wet weight, shoot dry weight, and root wet weight. Treatment The source of organic matter had a significant effect on germination and had a very significant effect on root wet weight. The interaction of various kinds of seeds and sources of organic matter had a very significant effect on the parameters of shoot wet weight and shoot dry weight. Where is the best treatment of bud set with soil media + sand + coffee husk compost (B2S2) with successive values of canopy wet weight of 104.58 grams, canopy dry weight of 60.12 grams.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
References

The mammalian kidney is a vital organ with considerable cellular complexity and functional diversity. Kidney development is notable for requiring distinct but coincident tubulogenic processes involving reciprocal inductive signals betweenmesenchymal and epithelial progen-itor compartments. Keymolecular pathwaysmediating these interactions have been identified. Further, advances in the analysis of gene expression and gene activity, coupledwith a detailed knowledge of cell origins, are enhancing our understanding of kidneymorphogenesis and un-raveling the normal processes of postnatal repair and identifying disease-causingmechanisms. This article focuses on recent insights into central regulatory processes governing organ assem-bly and renal disease, and predicts future directions for the field. Outline 1 An overview of cell players and cellular processes in metanephric kidney development 2 Regulating ureteric bud outgrowth and branching 3 The fate of the multipotent metanephric mesenchyme 4 Nephron induction via a mesenchyme-to-epithelial transition 5 Patterning, segmentation, and specialization of the epithelial networks 6 Postnatal events in functional renal maturation 7 Reassessing renal disease, repair, and regeneration using developmental biology

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences