jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Variety over Time Is Associated with Lower 15-Year Healthcare Costs: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

Healthcare costs are lower for adults who consume more vegetables; however, the association between healthcare costs and fruit and vegetable varieties is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between (i) baseline fruit and vegetable (F&amp;V) varieties, and (ii) changes in F&amp;V varieties over time with 15-year healthcare costs in an Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. The data for Survey 3 (n = 8833 women, aged 50–55 years) and Survey 7 (n = 6955, aged 62–67 years) of the 1946–1951 cohort were used. The F&amp;V variety was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Variety (FAVVA) index calculated from the Cancer Council of Victoria’s Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies food frequency questionnaire. The baseline FAVVA and change in FAVVA were analysed as continuous predictors of Medicare claims/costs by using multiple regression analyses. Healthy weight women made, on average, 4.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–6.8) fewer claims for every 10-point-higher FAVVA. Healthy weight women with higher fruit varieties incurred fewer charges; however, this was reversed for women overweight/obese. Across the sample, for every 10-point increase in FAVVA over time, women made 4.3 (95% CI 1.9–6.8) fewer claims and incurred $309.1 (95% CI $129.3–488.8) less in charges over 15 years. A higher F&amp;V variety is associated with a small reduction in healthcare claims for healthy weight women only. An increasing F&amp;V variety over time is associated with lower healthcare costs.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The AAA+ ClpX machine unfolds a keystone subunit to remodel the Mu transpososome

A hyperstable complex of the tetrameric MuA transposase with recombined DNA must be remodeled to allow subsequent DNA replication. ClpX, a AAA+ enzyme, fulfills this function by unfolding one transpososome subunit. Which MuA subunit is extracted, and how complex destabilization relates to establishment of the correct directionality (left to right) of Mu replication, is not known. Here, using altered-specificity MuA proteins/DNA sites, we demonstrate that transpososome destabilization requires preferential ClpX unfolding of either the catalytic-left or catalytic-right subunits, which make extensive intersubunit contacts in the tetramer. In contrast, ClpX recognizes the other two subunits in the tetramer much less efficiently, and their extraction does not substantially destabilize the complex. Thus, ClpX targets the most stable structural components of the complex. Left-end biased Mu replication is not, however, determined by ClpX’s intrinsic subunit preference. The specific targeting of a stabilizing “keystone subunit” within a complex for unfolding is an attractive general mechanism for remodeling by AAA+ enzymes.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spirituality and Well-Being: The Relationship Between Religious Coping and Recovery From Sexual Assault

Despite a growing body of literature documenting beneficial outcomes of religious coping, there are virtually no studies examining sexual assault survivors’ use of religious coping. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study examines predictors and outcomes of positive and negative religious coping among 100 sexual assault survivors who believed in God. Results suggested that African American survivors were more likely to use both forms of religious coping than survivors from other ethnicities. Yet, results also suggest that positive religious coping is related to higher levels of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression, whereas negative religious coping is related to higher levels of depression, regardless of ethnicity. The only outcome where ethnicity makes a difference is posttraumatic growth with a stronger relationship between positive religious coping and posttraumatic growth among Caucasian survivors space. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design of a 1×K wavelength selective switch based on TEC fiber array in curved alignment

This paper reports a wavelength selective switch (WSS) employing a thermally expanded core (TEC) fiber array (FA) as the input/outputs, which enables a compact WSS with convenience for alignment and assembly. Simulation of the WSS module based on ZEMAX shows that conical diffraction of the grating results in horizontal offset of the output beam spots. An excess insertion loss will be caused due to the offset if a linearly aligned FA is employed as the input/outputs. This paper designs a parabolically aligned TEC FA that the fibers in the array can be positioned by V-grooves with different depth. With the parabolically aligned TEC FA as the input/outputs, the WSS module is expected to be compact with low loss.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1528539: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extension of the Erberlein-Smulian Theorem to Normed Spaces

The Erberlein-Smulian Theorem asserts that for complete normed spaces, that is Banach spaces, a subset is weak compact if and only if it is weak sequentially compact. In this paper it is shown that the completeness of the normed space is not necessary for the above mentioned result.

Topic: Optimization and Variational Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Durian pectin and rice husk ash (RHA) as partial replacement of cement in concrete

Abstract Cement is one of the important materials in concrete mixture and use for building construction. High demand for cement usage due to the rapid development of construction in the country needs to be addressed. The objective of this study is to identify the workability and compressive strength of concrete at different level of replacement of cement. Cement was replaced with durian pectin and RHA by weight at 10%, 15% and 20%. Compressive strength and water absorption test were carried out on hardened 150mm x 150mm x 150mm concrete cubes after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results revealed that the compressive strengths reduced as the percentage durian pectin and RHA increased in same ratio 5:5, 7.5:7.5 and 10:10. The sample consist of 5% of durian pectin and 5% of RHA is the optimum ratio replacement of cement in concrete with highest compressive strength 27.5 N/mm 2 , medium workability and water absorption 6%.

Topic: Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Clinical application of venous nutrition flap pedicled by medial plantar artery of the hallux on the medical aspect of the foot].

The venous nutrition flap pedicled by medial plantar artery of the hallux on the medical aspect of the foot can be transpositioned to repair the defect at forefoot.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management Decisions in Patients with Asymptomatic Unruptured Aneurysm.

Management decisions in patients with asymptomatic unruptured aneurysms require accurate assessment of the risk: benefit ratio of various treatment options compared to the natural history of the disease. We analyzed the risks associated with aneurysmal surgery and risk of rupture in 84 patients with asymptomatic unruptured aneurysms experienced between 1990 and 1999 at Tokyo Women's Medical University. Thirty-six aneurysms were located at the internal carotid, 25 at the anterior cerebral, 35 at the middle cerebral, and 8 at the vertebro-basilar artery. Sixty-nine aneurysms in 58 patients were treated surgically (60 aneurysms were clipped, 8 coated, and one embolized). Permanent mortality occurred in 6 patients, a major cause of which was cerebral infarction due to perforator vessel injury. Presenting symptoms of intracerebral hematoma and multiple lacunar infarctions were associated in 2 patients. One patient was over 80 years old. A follow-up study was done with 25 aneurysms in 25 patients. The median follow-up time was 3.2 years (0.1-8.6 years). There were 6 episodes of hemorrhage, giving an average annual rupture incidence of 7.5%. Five of these bleeding episodes were fatal (mortality: 83%). Four aneurysms were >11 mm. In conclusion, the relatively high incidence of surgical morbidity depended on perforator vessel injury. The patient's age and presenting symptoms of cerebrovascular disease seemed to be associated with increased operative morbidity. The high risk of rupture followed by death was noted in a follow-up period in patients with asymptomatic unruptured aneurysm.

Topic: Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Treatment of Social Failure: SST and SD Compared

The study by Shaw, P.H. et al (This Bulletin) has described the effect of 3 kinds of treatment on one kind of social problem - social phobia. The present study compared the effect of 2 treatments on another kind of social problem - social inadequacy (the two studies were carried out in parallel so that comparisons could be made between them).

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Printed in Great Britain THE EFFECTS OF DERIVATIVES OF ADENOSINE 3&amp;apos;,5&amp;apos;- MONOPHOSPHATE ON FLUID SECRETION BY THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF CALLIPHORA

Fluid secretion by the salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora is regulated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Berridge, 1970, 1972; Berridge &amp;amp; Prince, 1972). The action of 5-HT is apparently mediated by adenosine 3&amp;apos;,5&amp;apos;-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) which thus functions as an intracellular &amp;apos;second messenger &amp;apos; as has been

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Hypothermia in Hemorrhagic Shock

Precooling to 28°C alters the course of hemorrhagic shock in the dog by prolonging the period of tolerance to severe hypotension, and by prolonging the survival time after transfusion from an average of several hours to an average of 30 hours. Precooling does not prevent death. But if an antibiotic is given at the time of transfusion all precooled dogs recover, whereas normothermic dogs given an antibiotic at the time of transfusion do not recover. Precooling protects the dog in hemorrhagic shock by sustaining the antibacterial defense mechanisms, which disintegrate rapidly in the normothermic dog. The protective effects of cooling is not secured if it is applied after the induction of hemorrhagic shock. The effects of hypothermia upon the cardiovascular dynamics are described and their significance discussed.

Topic: Thermal Regulation in Medicine
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Retrospective analysis of factors associated with outcome of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 82 horses including Warmblood and Thoroughbred sport horses and Quarter Horses (1992–2014)

Summary Reasons for performing study Outcomes associated with arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal ( PIP ) joint in Quarter Horses used for Western performance activities are well documented but little is known regarding outcomes for other types of horses. Objectives To identify factors associated with outcomes, including breed and activity, after arthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Surgical case records of 82 Quarter Horses principally engaged in Western performance and Thoroughbred or Warmblood breeds principally engaged in showing, showjumping and dressage, with arthrodesis of the PIP joint were reviewed. Arthrodesis was performed with either 3 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, a dynamic compression plate ( DCP ) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, or a locking compression plate ( LCP ) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion. Demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, surgical technique, post operative treatment and complications were recorded. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained for all 82 horses. Results Osteoarthritis of the PIP joint was the most common presenting condition requiring arthrodesis, which was performed with either the 3 screw technique (n = 41), DCP fixation (n = 22), or LCP fixation (n = 19). Post operatively, 23/31 (74%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 44/51 (87%) Quarter Horses achieved successful outcomes. Thirteen of 23 (57%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 24 of 38 (63%) Quarter Horses, used for athletic performance, returned to successful competition. Within this subgroup of horses engaged in high‐level activity, regardless of breed type, horses undergoing hindlimb arthrodesis were significantly more likely to return to successful competition (73%; 33/45) than those with forelimb arthrodesis (25%; 4/16, P = 0.002). Conclusions Arthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses results in a favourable outcome for return to their intended use and athletic competition.

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Recent Advances in Enhancement of Raman Scattering Intensity for Biological Applications

Raman scattering spectroscopy has attracted great interest for its significant potential in multiplexed biological imaging and sensing. However, the extremely weak molecular Raman scattering signal raises considerable concerns about its applicability in physiological conditions. Many multidisciplinary attempts, combining optics, materials science, and biology, have been conducted in the past decades to solve the problem of insufficient Raman scattering intensity and to realize the practical application of Raman scattering technology in the field of life science. In addition, to overcome the bottleneck of a single enhancement technology, more and more emphasis has been given to the combination of multiple Raman enhancement technologies. The underlying ideas behind each enhancement mechanism needs to be fully comprehended to effectively combine various techniques for desired signal intensity. Here, we summarize recent strategies developed for the enhancement of the signal strength of Raman scattering. We will also analyze the major advantages and disadvantages of each enhancement technique and provide perspectives for the compatibility and complementarity among different enhancement mechanisms.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultrasound Imaging of the Menstrual Cycle

Abstract The menstrual cycle is nature's repeating preparation for pregnancy. Each month, the uterine lining develops in anticipation of implantation by a fertilized ovum. If this occurs, hormones from the reproductive organs stabilize the vascular tissue of the endometrium which provides an environment for the developing embryo. If the awaited implantation does not occur, the endometrium is sloughed due to a rapid drop in circulating levels of progesterone. This process starts during the early teenage years of a female's development (menarche) and repeats 400-500 times over the next 40 years. Normally, this process is interrupted only by pregnancy; however, other factors can certainly influence both the cycle length, volume, and the duration of each menses. Ultrasound imaging provides a noninvasive method to visualize the internal reproductive organs, the endometrium, and the embryo if implantation occurs. This relatively inexpensive evaluation provides an easy and cost effective method to examine potential problems associated with the female reproductive organs. Advances in computer software and hardware coupled with new ultrasound equipment has provided exciting 3-D and 4-D images that generate near life-like images. In the guiding hand of a trained physician or sonographer, ultrasound enhances diagnostic capability and gives reassurance to the patient.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma based on Brazilian model “PNQ”

Purpose – This paper aims to show the main results of an implementation of a tool developed to assess the integrated elements originated from lean manufacturing and Six Sigma, based on Programa Nacional da Qualidade – Brazilian National Quality Program (PNQ). Design/methodology/approach – This is an applied and qualitative research, which used basic qualitative studies and descriptive techniques as research strategies. A five-point Likert scale was used for the evaluation of the elements and constructs. The instrument was applied in one manufacturing company located in the Southern region of Brazil. Findings – The application of the instrument showed that the use of an instrument like that can be useful in the management of elements and constructs of companies that have the lean manufacturing and Six Sigma implemented. In the case of this company, among the nine constructs, three of them need more attention: strategy, culture and customer. Research limitations/implications – Because it is a research by means of a case study, the results cannot be generalized and should be applied in other organizations. Thus, their results could be further explored and discussed. Practical implications – The results point out relevant aspects related to the evaluation of integrated elements of Lean Sigma and the importance of a tool to manage them in order to reduce costs and others resources. Originality/value – As the application of Lean Sigma is relatively recent and there are little data published about its utilization in a developing country, it is important to expand knowledge on this subject.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tree Species Diversity and Population Structure in the Tropical Forests of North Central Eastern Ghats, India

The tree species diversity and population structure were studied in four stands of the tropical forests in the north-central Eastern Ghats, based on tree inventories conducted on four 1-ha plots. In the four independent plots, two 5 x 1000 m transects were established and all trees with ≥ 15 cm girth at breast height were enumerated. The density, frequency, basal area and IVI along with diversity indices viz. Shannon index, species richness, equitability and species dominance were computed to see the variation in tree community. A total of 92 species representing 73 genera under 40 families of angiosperms were recorded. Tree species richness was as low as 34 species per hectare plot in Geddapalli to as high as 48 species in Koruturu. Tree density ranged from 360 stems per hectare in plot Geddapalli to 526 stems in plot Chintapalli and that of total basal area from 16.31 m2 ha-1 in Koruturu to 31.15 m2 ha-1 in Chintapalli. The number of species and stems decreased from the smaller to the largest girth classes. The tree inventories of the study area when compared to those of the other tropical forests showed great differences in density and basal area. This may probably be due to differences in geography and annual rainfall patterns. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for conservation of the biodiversity.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unmanned aerial vehicle with night vision for tracking intruder

Nowadays there are a lot of theft are happening everywhere and it is dangerous for a person to chase after the intruder because maybe the intruder might have a weapon and harm us. There wasn’t any other way to track the intruder other than chasing to in-form the authority the location where the intruder is. The aim of this project is to find one of the solutions to overcome this project by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with night vision camera for tracking the intruder. This project mainly focus on the amount of ground light intensity needed and the distance of night vision camera which placed on UAV can detect the shadow of intruders. Besides that, to investigate whether the UAV can detect the intruders with the following path it travels with a specific amount of ground light. Last but not the least, to investigate does the UAV interrupts the signal, data transfer and clear image of intruder using the night vision camera. The experimental result will be analysed.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Composition of fungal communities in soil and endophytic in raspberry production systems.

Fungi play important roles as decomposers, plant symbionts and pathogens in soil. While endophytes are microorganisms that dwell within plant tissues and have a symbiotic association with the host. The structures of fungal communities in the soil and in endophytic association are dependent up complex interactions with the environment and the host. These two communities have a great influence on plant health and development. Using culture-independent fungal community profiling, we investigated the effects of fertilizer (composted dairy solids + mustard seed meal) on fungal communities in soil and endophytic in a raspberry production system. During the study we evaluated the impact of primer selection ITS1 vs ITS2. We characterized the communities for both spring and fall time periods. The results show that the soil communities are dominated by Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota in soil, while the endophytes were primarily Ascomycota. The relative abundances of certain taxa, such as Capnodiales, were more predominant in composted soil (8%) than the control (4%). There were no significant differences identified in the endophytic communities between the two treatments. Further research should elucidate the specific roles of these fungal taxa in raspberry soils and endophyte, and on the heath of the plant. To advance the ecological management of crop soils, understanding is needed of how beneficial microbial relationships can be fostered in these production systems.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences