jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of MEDI4893, an Investigational, Extended-Half-Life, Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT MEDI4893 is an investigational immunoglobulin G1(κ) monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and neutralizes alpha-toxin, a key Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor. A triple-amino-acid substitution, M252Y/S254T/T256E, was engineered into the MEDI4893 Fc region to extend its serum half-life. A phase 1, double-blind, dose escalation study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, anti-alpha-toxin-neutralizing activity, and antidrug antibody (ADA) response of MEDI4893 following a single intravenous infusion in healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to receive MEDI4893 at 225 mg ( n = 3), 750 mg ( n = 3), 2,250 mg ( n = 8), or 5,000 mg ( n = 12) or placebo ( n = 7) and were followed for 360 days. Adverse events were mild or moderate in severity; none were serious. The MEDI4893 peak serum concentration increased dose proportionally from 77.2 μg/ml (225-mg dose) to 1,784 μg/ml (5,000-mg dose). The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 360 days also increased dose proportionally, from 4,840 μg · day/ml (225-mg dose) to 91,493 μg · day/ml (5,000-mg dose), indicating linear pharmacokinetics. MEDI4893's terminal half-life was estimated to be 80 to 112 days, which is approximately 4-fold longer than the half-lives of other human immunoglobulin G antibodies. The alpha-toxin-neutralizing activity in serum correlated highly with the MEDI4893 concentrations in serum. Three adults transiently tested positive for ADA on day 151, but this did not have an impact on MEDI4893 serum concentrations or the MEDI4893 safety profile; no subjects exhibited serum ADA at the study end. These data support the continued development of MEDI4893 for the prevention of S. aureus -mediated pneumonia. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02296320.)

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of a Post-Oxidation Annealing in Nitrous Oxide on the Morphological and Electrical Properties of SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/4H-SiC Interfaces

This work reports on the morphological, structural and electrical effects of a nitrous oxide (N 2 O) ambient post-oxidation annealing (POA) of the SiO 2 /4H-SiC interface. In particular, a conventional electrical characterization of MOS capacitors showed that nitrous oxide POA reduces the presence of both fixed oxide charge and the density of interface states. A local atomically flat interface was observed by transmission electron microscopy with only a moderate step bunching observed at a macroscopic scale. A novel nanoscale characterization approach via scanning spreading resistance microscopy resolved local electrical changes induced at the SiC surface exposed to N 2 O POA. This result subsequently revealed additional insight into the mechanism for the improved device performance subjected to N 2 O POA treatment.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Plant and Animal Source Proteins for Replacement of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for the Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides

Two feeding trials were conducted with juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to evaluate alternative plant and animal source proteins for their ability to replace fish meal in practical diets. The first trial was designed to identify the most promising candidates. The second trial was conducted to evaluate how much of the fish meal could be replaced by those candidates. In Study 1, feed-trained largemouth bass (3.1 ± 0.7 g) were randomly stocked into 18114-L glass aquaria at 25 fish per aquarium. Fish were fed one of six experimental diets, each containing approximately 38% crude protein and 10% crude lipid, to apparent satiation twice daily. The control diet (CTL) contained 30% fish meal and 34.5% soybean meal. Diets 2–6 each contained 15% fish meal and at least 34.5% soybean meal with the remainder of the protein made up of either meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), a 50150 mixture of blood meal and corn gluten meal (BM/CG), or 50150 mixture of hydrolyzed feather meal and soybean meal (FMISBM). There were three replicate aquaria per dietary treatment. After 12 wk, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among treatments in survival which averaged 92% overall. Only fish fed the PBM or BM/CG diets had average individual weights and feed conversion efficiencies that were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control diet (CTL). In Study 2, the formulation of the control diet (CTL) remained the same. Based on their performance in the first trial, PBM and BM/CG were chosen to now replace 75 or 100% of the fish meal. Fish were stocked at an average weight of 6.9 ± 1.7 g. After 11 wk, fish fed diets containing the BM/CG mixture at both levels were significantly smaller (P 5 0.05) than fish fed other diets and at 100% replacement survival was reduced. Fish fed diets containing poultry meal as the primary protein source performed as well as those fed the control diet (CTL). It appears that PBM can completely replace fish meal in diets for juvenile largemouth bass without adverse effects on growth, feed efficiency, or body composition.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Theory of the colossal Van-der-Waals binding in soft and hard condensed matter

A simple theory is proposed for the dispersive molecular binding of unusually high magnitude due to an enhanced polarizability. Two alternative ways have so far been considered in the literature leading to the polarizability enhancement: (i) a vibronic energy level gap narrowing, as proposed by us with regard to a hypothetical exciton matter, and (ii) a giant electric dipole in a Rydberg state of constituent atoms, as proposed by Gilman with regard to an enigmatic substance building the ball lightning. We now combine the two mechanisms to obtain concrete expressions for the colossal binding energy. The problem is exemplified for a three-level system coupled to the umbrella mode of an ammonia molecule. Other possibilities for the design of enhanced-polarizability molecules are also discussed. The colossal Van-der-Waals binding is most likely to materialize in hard condensed matter and perhaps less so in soft condensed matter.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Learning Organization Characteristics on Internet Usage

The Internet is becoming a very important new technology in all organizations, including universities. Many in academia are adopting this innovative technology to aid in their teaching, research, and consulting. In this study, using the learning organization theoretical framework, the effects of learning organization characteristics, other organizational factors, and individual variables on the use of the Internet by a random sample of 245 business school faculty members in the United States were examined and analyzed. Some support for learning organization characteristics, as well as support for individual and other organizational factors, was found.

Topic: Organizational Learning and Leadership
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Trends and factors of small business development in Russia

At the moment, in modern Russia, the development of a market economy is an important part of the development of the state. The emergence of a large number of small and medium-sized businesses in General has a positive impact on the economy of the state and on the standard of living of the population. A large number of enterprises leads to a large number ofjobs, they are less susceptible to currency fluctuations and economic crises, all this brings money to the countryâ€™s Budget.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The application of land systems mapping to the management indonesian forests

Land system, land use and land status maps for Indonesia are presently being compiled for Sumatra and have been completed for Irian Jaya and Kalimantan. The current method of classifying Indonesian forests is explained and suggestions are made for its improvement by linking the land system maps to a potential erosion index

Topic: Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Is Strength the Main Risk Factor of Overuse Shoulder Injuries? A Cohort Study of 296 Amateur Overhead Athletes

Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in overhead athletes. This study investigated the prevalence of the main risk factors and sex differences related to the development of shoulder pain in a cohort of amateur overhead athletes. Hypothesis: The external rotation/internal rotation (ER/IR) isometric strength ratio &lt;0.75% is the most prevalent risk factor associated to overuse shoulder injuries in both sexes. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 296 (147 male and 149 female) amateur overhead athletes from handball, volleyball, and water polo participated in this cross-sectional study. Isometric strength, rotational range of motion, and scapular control were analyzed bilaterally. The measurements and motions were randomized between sides. Results: The ER/IR isometric strength ratio deficit among the disciplines was presented in 264 and 229 out of 296 athletes in the dominant and nondominant sides, respectively. Normalized isometric strength showed significant differences for dominant ( P &lt; 0.01; ε² = 0.47) and nondominant IR ( P &lt; 0.01; ε² = 0.60). No significant differences were observed between dominant ( P = 0.44; ε² = 0.05) and nondominant ER ( P = -0.24; ε² = 0.07). The prevalence of glenohumeral IR deficit (GIRD) ( P = 0.81) and total arc of motion differences (TAMD) ( P = 0.39) was low, with no difference between sexes. Male (16.3%) and female (12.1%) athletes had low rate of obvious scapular dyskinesis in their dominant shoulders. Conclusion: Muscle strength was the most prevalent risk factor. The ER/IR ratio imbalance was present in both sides, without sex differences. Risk factors such as scapular dyskinesis, GIRD, and TAMD were present in low percentages, without sex differences. Clinical Relevance: It is advisable to implement shoulder exercises to strengthen ER muscles to decrease differences between internal and external rotators and prevent injuries in overhead athletes.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A theory for the ultrasonic modulation of incoherent light in turbid medium

A diffusion approximation to the radiative transfer in a medium with varying refractive index has been proposed as a theoretical model for the ultrasonic tagging of fluorescence or FluoroSound, in a scattering medium. It has been found that the diffuse modulation is a defocusing effect. Defocusing is related to scatter - more the scatter, more the defocusing and there exists a component of the defocusing effect of scatter at the ultrasonic frequency. This is in contrast to the modulation for ballistic photons that originates in the focusing effect of the acoustic lens created by the ultrasonic wave. Simulations with circular phantoms of 1.5 and 2.0cm radius have shown that defocusing is minimum when the acoustic lens is midway between the source and the detector. These results are consistent with physics and demonstrate the capability of the model to function as a predictive tool for FluoroSound instrument design. Both ballistic and diffuse FluoroSound signatures can help in the simultaneous localization of the anomaly and determination of its optical properties. As an adjunct, optimally designed ultrasound beams can be also used to enhance diffuse photon modulation signal through acoustic guidance. Optical properties provide a way to discriminate between normal and diseased tissue. FluoroSound could therefore potentially achieve a fusion of anatomical and functional information non-invasively in a single measurement. The additional information made available by this method will improve the speed and accuracy of optical imaging as a tool in the identification and validation of targets.

Topic: Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatio-Temporal Frequency Analysis of Motion Blur Reduction on LCDs

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are known to suffer from motion blur. In this paper, motion blur on LCDs is analyzed by examining the spatio-temporal spectrum of the perceived picture. This analysis is used to examine the performance of two motion blur reduction techniques: smooth frame insertion (SFI) and motion compensated up-conversion (MCU). The performance of both techniques is compared for TV applications.

Topic: Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gouty Arthropathy of the Cervical Spine in a Young Adult

We report a young man with gouty discitis of the cervical spine. To our knowledge, our patient is the youngest patient with cervical gouty discitis reported in the literature. The clinical manifestation was similar to that of cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy. Gouty discitis was diagnosed only when tophi in the disc were found during surgery and proved by pathologic study. Surgical decompression followed by optimization of pharmacologic treatment enabled good recovery from neurologic complications.

Topic: Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reducing medication errors still needs a health informatics solution in clinical practice

Medication errors are the leading cause of avoidable patient harm. Health informatics should facilitate reducing errors; unfortunately, current limitations still require clinicians to be innovative and looking for local solutions. Stricter regulations should be in place to reduce medication errors due to shortcomings in currently available software and medical nomenclature. Several areas need urgent attention, including (1) better nomenclature hierarchy and additional codes to express changes in medication, with software tracking these modifications; (2) better-expressed medication codes, so tradenames are always linked to the drug generic name; and (3) better sharing of medications prescribed by different organisations. For improvement to occur, legislation is needed to enforce it, to make electronic health records safer.

Topic: Electronic Health Records Systems
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Elizabeth B. Bentley, ed., George Cumberland, The Emigrants &lt;i&gt;or&lt;/i&gt; A Trip to the Ohio, &lt;i&gt;a Theatrical Farce (1817)&lt;/i&gt;

Elizabeth B. Bentley’s edition of George Cumberland’s The Emigrants, or, A Trip to the Ohio makes available for the first time this previously unpublished and unperformed play by one of William Blake’s closest associates. Bentley painstakingly edited and transcribed this play, currently existing only in a single fair copy held in special collections at Victoria University (Toronto); the book provides a photographic reproduction of the manuscript following her transcription. Editorial apparatus includes “Characters in the Dramatis Personae,” “The Date of the Farce,” notes on the manuscript and its transcription, descriptions of scene designations and stage directions, and explanations of speech headings, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and corrected misspellings, all of which are well supported by footnotes. To these Bentley adds an extensive bibliography and an index of names along with two appendices, one listing her addition of parentheses when necessary and the other listing further editorial interventions in Cumberland’s punctuation. Angus Whitehead’s preface locates Cumberland’s play in respect to its antecedents in British drama, while Bentley’s introductory biography contextualizes it within Cumberland’s relationship to the theater and his sources.

Topic: Moravian Church and William Blake
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Challenging the Inevitable: Anatomy of a Suicide at the Royal Court Theatre London [Anatomy of a Suicide, Katie Mitchell]

Crítica ao espectáculo Anatomy of a Suicide. Author: Alice Birch. Director: Katie Mitchell. Set designer: Alex Eales. Costume designer: Sarah Blenkinsop. Lighting designer: James Farncombe. Composer: Paul Clark. Sound designer: Melanie Wilson. Associate director: Lily McLeish. Assistant director: Grace Gummer. Casting director: Amy Ball. Production manager: Marty Moore. Costume supervisor: Lucy Walshaw. Company manager: Joni Carter. Deputy stage manager: Sophie Rubenstein. Assistant stage manager: Louise Quaeermain. Stage management work place‑ ment: Robert Fletchr. Chaperone: Grace Osborne. Cast: Gershwyn Eustache Jnr. (Jamie), Paul Hilton (John), Peter Hobdaay (Dan/Dave/Felix/Luke/Nick), Adelle Leonce (Bonnie), Sarah Malin (Daisy/Diane/Emma/Esther/Karen/May), Jodie McNee (Jo/Laura/Lola), Hattie Morahan (Carol), Kate O’Flynn (Anna), Sophie Pettit, Vicki Szent‑Kirallyl (Anna/Daisy/Louise), Dickson Tyrell (Tim/Toby/Steve/ Mark). Place and date of premiere: Royal Court Theatre (Jerwood Theatre Downstairs), 3rd June, 2017.

Topic: Art Therapy and Mental Health
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An Internal-State-Variable-Based Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization Model for Thermally Deformed TC18 Alloy

Continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) is widely acknowledged to occur during hot forming and plays a significant role in microstructure development in alloys with moderate to high stacking fault energy. In this work, the flow stress and CDRX behaviors of the TC18 alloy subjected to hot deformation across a wide range of processing conditions are studied. It is observed that deformation leads to the formation of new low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). Subgrains rotate by absorbing dislocations, resulting in an increase in LAGB misorientation and the transition of some LAGBs into high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). The HAGBs migrate within the material, assimilating the (sub)grain boundaries. Subsequently, an internal state variable (ISV)-based CDRX model is developed, incorporating parameters such as the dislocation density, adiabatic temperature rise, subgrain rotation, LAGB area, HAGB area, and LAGB misorientation angle distribution. The values of the correlation coefficient (R), relative average absolute error (RAAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the anticipated true stress and measured stress are 0.989, 6.69%, and 4.78 MPa, respectively. The predicted outcomes demonstrate good agreement with experimental findings. The evolving trends of the subgrain boundary area under various conditions are quantitatively analyzed by assessing the changes in dynamic recovery (DRV)-eliminated dislocations and misorientation angles. Moreover, the ISV-based model accurately predicts the decreases in grain and crystallite sizes with higher strain rates and lower temperatures. The projected outcomes also indicate a transition from a stable and coarse-grained microstructure to a continuously recrystallized substructure.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fungicide Resistance: Surveillance, Risk Assessment and Evolution in Two Soil-Borne Pathogens

Fungicide-resistant pathogens are an increasing threat to fungicide efficacy and plant health. The goal of this dissertation was to advance the foundational knowledge required to prevent and detect fungicide resistance development in the seedling disease pathogen, Rhizoctonia zeae and the white-mold pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Corn and soybean fields in 12 states (IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, SD, and WI) were surveyed for R. zeae. In vitro fungicide sensitivity was determined for 91 isolates to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole. Rhizoctonia zeae was sensitive to all fungicides (EC50 &lt; 3 µg/ml) except azoxystrobin (EC50 &gt; 100 µg/ml). In planta application of azoxystrobin did not significantly change the disease severity or total dry weight of soybean plants (P &gt; 0.05), suggesting ineffective control. To understand the intrinsic risk of resistance development in R. zeae, the genetic structure of R. zeae populations was characterized. Six microsatellite markers were designed for genotyping 200 R. zeae isolates. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is genetically differentiated according to geographic region and year, suggesting limited dispersal and an intermediate risk of resistance development. To prevent fungicide resistance, it is also important to understand the fungicide-risk factors to develop resistance. Sublethal fungicide stress may cause genomic instability in fungal plant pathogens, which may accelerate the emergence of resistance. Genome-wide mutations were characterized in 55 S. sclerotiorum genomes after sublethal fungicide exposure. Results showed that sublethal fungicide exposure increased the frequency of insertions/deletions in one genomic background of S. sclerotiorum. The frequency and distribution of mutations varied with genomic background. Understanding factors that increase pathogen mutation rates can inform disease management strategies that delay resistance evolution. On examining the evolutionary role of hypermutators in fungal pathogen populations, the literature reviewed suggested that hypermutators may be a new factor to consider in fungicide resistance development. Overall, this dissertation will advance the knowledge on fungicide- and pathogen-risk factors to develop resistance, which can inform fungicide resistance management.

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences