jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A new approach for Internet advertisements

Traditional video ads in TV are not well suited for Internet sites. If the user feels a site is forcing him/her to watch long video ads, will stop visiting that site. Therefore, the current approach is to allow the user to skip the ad after a few seconds, despite this means that the ads will have little impact. This paper presents a new approach that engages the user with the brand, while at the same time keeping the user in the website. The approach works by asking the user a question relating to the ad, and if the user responds correctly, the ad is immediately removed. This approach presents benefits both for users and advertisers. The benefit for the user is that (s)he can skip the ad immediately. The benefit for the advertiser is that by putting mental effort on the brand, the brand has more impact on the user.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Radical Relations: Exploring Polyamory as a Transgressive Philosophy and Practice

The purpose of this research is to explore polyamory among queer women as a transgressive philosophy and practice. Through individual qualitative interviews, the daily lives, past and present experiences, relationships and life philosophies of five queer polyamorous women are considered. Interviews are analyzed with an eye towards the personal as political as well as the practical and philosophical elements involved in constructing romantic relationships consistently with one's personal ideology. A critical understanding of the link between economics and social norms shows the importance of studying alternative relationship and family models. By attempting to create relationships that are consistent with their beliefs, these women are challenging the current dominant definitions of relationships, family and community. While polyamory can be a difficult practice, participants use it as part of a broader philosophy that transgresses Western social organization in a way that creatively combines the personal and political.

Topic: Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Systematic Review of Games for Learning Chinese

Education has become more digitalised, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, and learning Chinese language is not an exception. Educational games, some of them based on artificial intelligence, have been designed for learning languages. This systematic review aims to examine recent (from 2017 to 2022) research published in Science Direct and Scopus databases on the use and impact of educational games, specifically in Chinese language learning. The in-depth review of 28 studies shows that games are effective tools for Chinese learning that impact students’ motivation, self-efficacy progress, and learning satisfaction. However, more in-depth research should measure this impact.

Topic: Online Learning and Analytics
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Materials Data on LiFe2(BO3)2 (SG:1) by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Maternal Overweight and Obesity Pre-Pregnancy and During Childhood in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

Maternal overweight/obesity has been associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood. We investigated the effect of maternal overweight/obesity during pre-pregnancy and whether it is a stronger predictor of child obesity, compared to maternal overweight/obesity during childhood. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English, reporting on obese children and adolescents (2–18 years), with overweight/obese mothers in either pre-pregnancy or during childhood were included. A search was conducted from 2012 to April 2022 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE, followed by screening, data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Eleven eligible studies (9 prospective and 2 retrospective cohort studies; total sample, n = 27,505) were identified. Eight studies examined maternal overweight/obesity in pre-conception, presenting consistent positive associations with childhood obesity, three reported positive associations between childhood obesity and maternal overweight/obesity during childhood, and one presented positive associations between both maternal exposures. The narrative synthesis failed to identify which maternal exposure is the strongest predictor of childhood obesity, with studies reporting significant associations between maternal overweight/obesity and child obesity in both time points. Intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood obesity should focus on supporting women of childbearing age with weight management from preconception and throughout their life-course.

Topic: Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<scp><i>MRLC</i></scp> controls apoptotic cell death and functions to regulate epidermal development during planarian regeneration and homeostasis

Abstract Adult stem cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells with the capacity to self‐renew and constantly replace lost cells due to physiological turnover or injury. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the precise coordination of stem cell proliferation and proper cell fate decision is important to regeneration and organismal homeostasis. The planarian epidermis provides a highly tractable model to study ASC complex dynamic due to the distinct spatiotemporal differentiation stages during lineage development. Here, we identified the myosin regulatory light chain ( MRLC ) homologue in the Dugesia japonica transcriptome. We found high expression levels of MRLC in wound region during regeneration and also expressed in late epidermal progenitors as an essential regulator of the lineage from neoblasts to mature epidermal cells. We investigated the function of MRLC using in situ hybridization, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and double fluorescent and uncovered the potential mechanism. Knockdown of MRLC leads to a remarkable increase in cell death, causes severe abnormalities during regeneration and homeostasis and eventually leads to animal death. The global decrease in epidermal cell in MRLC RNAi animals induces accelerated epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, we find that MRLC is co‐expressed with cdc42 and acts cooperatively to control the epidermal lineage development by affecting cell death. Our results uncover an important role of MRLC , as an inhibitor of apoptosis, involves in epidermal development.

Topic: Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of conceptualization and operationalization in the use of secondary data

With the recent advancements in data mining and availability of large data repositories, a vast amount of collected data are reused as secondary data sources. Although the use of secondary data provides many new opportunities for knowledge discoveries, it requires a careful analysis of the primary research process, namely, the original purpose, conceptualization and operationalization of the variables, and the specific context of data collection. This paper focuses on the interpretation of the secondary data as the evidence of existence or non-existence of real-world phenomena. Our discussion is based on the extended fuzzy logic approach, FLe, proposed by Lotfi Zadeh for the modeling of real-world problems. We demonstrate the necessity of an explicit model for the conceptualization and operationalization process using real-life examples from ecological and medical research.

Topic: Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glycerol-3-phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 regulation

Purpose of review Both classical and nonclassical factors regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), with impacts on gene expression and proteolytic cleavage. Here, we review recent publications that extend current knowledge on these factors. Recent findings Emerging nonclassical FGF23 regulators such as erythropoietin cause a balanced increase in FGF23 expression and cleavage, with minimal or no increase in biologically active intact FGF23 (iFGF23) in blood. However, circulating FGF23 profiles may not reflect the bone marrow microenvironment. For example, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases local marrow iFGF23 levels without impacting circulating iFGF23 levels. The view that phosphate does not increase bone FGF23 production also warrants reconsideration, as phosphate can reduce iFGF23 cleavage and phosphate-containing calciprotein particles increase FGF23 expression. Finally, a screen of renal venous plasma identifies glycerol-3-phosphate as a kidney-derived molecule that circulates to bone and bone marrow, where it is converted to lysophosphatidic acid and signals through a G-protein coupled receptor to increase FGF23 synthesis. Summary FGF23 regulation is complex, requiring consideration of known and emerging stimuli, expression and cleavage, and circulating and local levels. Recent work identifies glycerol-3-phosphate as an FGF23 regulator derived from the injured kidney; whether it participates in FGF23 production downstream of classical or nonclassical factors requires further study.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical Study of Twin Jets Interactions using Realizable Model

In the present study, we numerically investigated the twin turbulent jets characteristics and turbulent quantities when a solid object is placed between the two nozzles. The two jets are assumed to be isothermal, incompressible and fully developed. Turbulence is modeled by the k-e Realizable model. The set of Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations are solved iteratively by the Fluent software. The numerical model is validated with the experimental results available in the literature. For many Reynolds numbers, it was found that velocities and its gradients decay along the longitudinal direction. The placement of a solid object between the twin jet affects the flow structure behind nozzles due to the curvature effect of the solid object. The converging region is disappeared and the combined points axial position increases with Reynolds number. The evolution is almost linearly with an increase in Reynolds number. The effect of turbulence intensity at the exit of the nozzle is also examined. For a fixed Reynolds number, the axial combined position increases almost linearly with turbulence intensity.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 761269: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Postnatal lung growth: evidence that the gas-exchange region grows fastest at the periphery

The site(s) at which the gas-exchange region enlarges after alveoli are formed from the saccules of the immature lung is unclear; however, this information might be important to studies of the regulation of lung growth. Although aware of important assumptions on which it rests, we undertook this study to test the idea that the lung's gas-exchange region enlarges more rapidly in the immediate subpleural region than more centrally. To label the interstitium of the gas-exchange region, rats were provided silver-containing water from age 23 to 135 days (112 days). Some were killed at age 135 days, others 51 days after silver exposure ended (age 186 days). We considered silver grains that formed in the interstitium as a marker of lung present or formed during silver exposure; tissue added after exposure would diminish the numerical density of grains and the fastest growing sites would have the lowest grain density. Rats killed on the 112th day of silver exposure had a silver grain density in their immediate subpleural gas-exchange matrix that was 28% lower than in their more central gas-exchange matrix. Rats killed 51 days after silver exposure ended had a grain density in the immediate subpleural region that was 65% lower than in the central matrix of the gas-exchange region. The grain density in the rats killed 51 days after silver exposure ended was 33% lower in the central matrix and 67% lower in the peripheral matrix than in the respective regions of rats killed on day 112 of exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Asymptotic behaviour of global classical solutions to the mixed initial-boundary value problem for diagonalizable quasilinear hyperbolic systems

Journal Article Asymptotic behaviour of global classical solutions to the mixed initial-boundary value problem for diagonalizable quasilinear hyperbolic systems Get access Zhi-Qiang Shao Zhi-Qiang Shao Department of Mathematics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China Corresponding author: zqshao_fzu@yahoo.com.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 78, Issue 1, February 2013, Pages 1–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxr032 Published: 22 July 2011 Article history Received: 10 February 2010 Accepted: 23 May 2011 Published: 22 July 2011

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitochondrial Trafficking of MLKL, Bak/Bax, and Drp1 Is Mediated by RIP1 and ROS which Leads to Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity during the Hyperglycemic Shift to Necroptosis

Apoptosis and necroptosis overlap in their initial signaling but diverge to produce non-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory outcomes, respectively. High glucose pushes signaling in favor of necroptosis producing a hyperglycemic shift from apoptosis to necroptosis. This shift depends on receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that RIP1, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, Bcl-2 agonist/killer (Bak), Bcl-2 associated x (Bax) protein, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) traffic to the mitochondria in high glucose. RIP1 and MLKL appear in the mitochondria in their activated, phosphorylated states while Drp1 appears in its activated, dephosphorylated state in high glucose. Mitochondrial trafficking is prevented in rip1 KO cells and upon treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Induction of ROS replicated the mitochondrial trafficking seen in high glucose. MLKL forms high MW oligomers in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes while Bak and Bax form high MW oligomers in the outer mitochondrial membrane in high glucose, suggesting pore formation. MLKL, Bax, and Drp1 promoted cytochrome c release from the mitochondria as well as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in high glucose. These results indicate that mitochondrial trafficking of RIP1, MLKL, Bak, Bax, and Drp1 are key events in the hyperglycemic shift from apoptosis to necroptosis. This is also the first report to show oligomerization of MLKL in the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and dependence of mitochondrial permeability on MLKL.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Changes in metabolic enzymes levels exposed to zinc and cadmium in the snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi)

Nowadays, the entrance of pollutants including heavy metals in environment threatens the life of aquatic animals. In this study, the effect of zinc chloride (6 mg/l) and cadmium chloride (5 mg/l) exposure were studied on the activity of some metabolic enzymes in the liver, gills, brain and muscle in Snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi). The results showed that zinc caused a significant increase in AChE activity in the brain, AST activity in the liver and muscle and ALP activities only in the liver (p˂0.05). Exposure to cadmium significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase in the brain (p˂0.05). However, ALT activity in the liver and gills and AST activity only in the gills was increased significantly following cadmium exposure. Cadmium stimulatory effects on ALP in tissues were not statistically significant. Based on the above result, in this Species exposed to cadmium showed more toxicity than zinc, and the most sensitivity and susceptibility to the presence of cadmium and zinc in the environment was seen in livers of fish. Assessing levels of metabolic enzymes in the liver tissue and AChE enzyme in the brain tissue of Snow trout has the potential to be used as a suitable indicator to show heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
TEM Characterization of a 7042 Aluminum FSW Joint

This research characterizes the changes in microstructure that occur in friction stir welded extrusions of a novel 7042 aluminum alloy. Due to the presence of scandium the base material preserved the deformation microstructure with elongated grains and fairly high dislocation density. The temperature increase with simultaneous severe plastic deformation occurring during friction stir welding induced significant changes in the microstructure within the weld and its vicinity. The weld center (stir zone) was composed of fine equiaxed grains with residual dislocations and a modest density of small precipitates compared to the neighbouring thermomechanically and heat affected zones where the density of small precipitates was much higher.

Topic: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-Resolution Silver Staining-Based PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis

In this chapter, we describe a high-resolution non-radioactive PCR-SSCP method which utilizes a polyacrylamide-agarose composite gel and background-free silver staining. Addition of agarose into the acrylamide solution produces a strong and flexible gel for SSCP analysis, while treatment of the gel with sodium thiosulfate prior to and after exposure to silver salts results in background-free staining. Together, both modifications improve the resolution of silver staining-based PCR-SSCP analysis and increase the sensitivity of mutation detection to a level similar to that of radioactive labeling-based methods.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Peripartum cardiomyopathy management-multidisciplinary approach 2011-2013 at Care Institute of Medical Sciences

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is one of the rare causes of heart failure in pregnant women. It occurs in late pregnancy or up to 5 months post-partum. It is associated with high mortality and morbidity but with chances of full recovery. This paper discusses the treatment of peripartum cardiomyopathy, Peripartum cardiomyopathy management -multidisciplinary approach. 2011-2013 at CIMS.Methods: This is an observational study conducted at CARE institute of medical sciences, CIMS, during 2011-2013 years. Women fulfilling the criteria for the diagnosis of PPCM were included in the study. In this study we have analysed the obstetric intervention, the duration of ICU stay, hospital stay, maternal and perinatal outcomes. The cardiac drugs to manage each individual case suited to her condition have been mentioned.Results: Six cases were diagnosed to have PPCM in pregnancy when there was sudden onset of shortness of breath, cough, and palpitations. Four cases had history of PPCM in previous pregnancies and were managed in the current pregnancy. One rare case had features of cardiomyopathy seen in early gestational period, during the first trimester at eight weeks, when she was treated for ectopic gestation. Patients were managed by pregnancy cardiac team. There was no case of maternal mortality.Conclusions: PPCM is a rare condition. It requires a high index of suspicion and awareness among primary care givers for early diagnosis and prompt management. A pregnancy cardiac team approach benefits this subset of patients. Delayed time of presentation, LVEF and dilated ventricle are factors determining recovery.

Topic: Cardiovascular Issues in Pregnancy
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hitting the nail on the head: combining oncolytic adenovirus-mediated virotherapy and immunomodulation for the treatment of glioma

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis and the median survival 14.6 months. Immunomodulatory proteins and oncolytic viruses represent two treatment approaches that have recently been developed for patients with glioblastoma that could extend patient survival and result in better treatment outcomes for patients with this disease. Together, these approaches could potentially augment the treatment efficacy and strength of these anti-tumor therapies. In addition to oncolytic activities, this combinatory approach introduces immunomodulation locally only where cancerous cells are present. This thereby results in the change of the tumor microenvironment from immune-suppressive to immune-vulnerable via activation of cytotoxic T cells or through the removal of glioma cells immune-suppressive capability. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of adenoviral oncolytic therapy, and highlights the genetic modifications that result in more effective and targeted viral agents. Additionally, the mechanism of action of immune-activating agents is described and the results of previous clinical trials utilizing these treatments in other solid tumors are reviewed. The feasibility, synergy, and limitations for treatments that combine these two approaches are outlined and areas for which more work is needed are considered.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences