jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the conversion of glycine to serine in spinach leaf mitochondria

Isonicotinyl hydrazide, glycine hydroxamate, aminoacetonitrile and KCN inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in spinach ( Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Viking II) mitochondria. The site of inhibition for the different inhibitors was studied. Isonicotinyl hydrazide and glycine hydroxamate both inhibited the partial reactions glycine‐bicarbonate exchange and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The inhibition was competitive for the exchange reaction and noncompetitive for serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Aminoacetonitrile at low concentration (1 m M ) inhibited the glycine‐bicarbonate exchange specifically, whereas serine hydroxymethyltransferase was inhibited only at higher concentrations. Aminoacetonitrile was a competitive inhibitor for both reactions. The serine hydroxymethyltransferase was inhibited by KCN whereas the glycine‐bicarbonate exchange was only partially inhibited. The KCN‐inhibition of serine hydroxymethyltransferase was competitive.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD Halpha #184670.1

Toroidal visible array to measure toroidal distribution of H-alpha and He-I, ratio of helium to hydrogen: H/(H+He) or D/(D+He), and particle recycling and edge tau_p. H-alpha and He-I line emissions are detected by photomultipliers passing through an interference filter. H/D influx ratio can be also minitored by resolving H-alpha and D-alpha line profiles.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal treatment of Helicobacter pylori with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC): a randomized comparison between two 7-day triple therapies and a 14-day dual therapy

Objective: We investigated two promising 1-wk RBC-triple therapies in comparison to the already well investigated 2-wk RBC dual therapy. Methods: We conducted two randomized, open, parallel group studies in 13 hospitals in the Netherlands. H. pylori-positive patients without active ulceration were randomized to 14-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. (n = 56) or to either 7-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. plus metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. (n = 63) in study 1, or to 7-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus amoxycillin 1000 mg b.i.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. (n = 49) in study 2. At least 6 wk later patients were reendoscoped with antral and corpus biopsies for CLOtest, culture, and histology, and cure was assumed if all tests were negative. Results: Results from the studies were pooled. All regimens were well tolerated with only 1 drop-out because of side effects. Cure rates per protocol/intention to treat were 96%/95% for RBC-CLA dual therapy, 89%/86% for RBC-TET-MET triple therapy, and 93%/92% for RBC-AMO-CLA triple therapy. From 126 patients, a pretreatment antibiogram was available. Metronidazole resistance did not affect the performance of RBC-CLA or RBC-AMO-CLA. In the RBC-TET-MET group, 97% (32/33) with a metronidazole sensitive strain were cured vs 57% (four of seven) with a resistant strain. Of three patients with a pretreatment clarithromycin resistant strain; one failed RBC-CLA dual therapy and two failed RBC-AMO-CLA triple therapy. Conclusions: All regimens were well tolerated and achieved comparable and very high cure rates. Statistical or clinical relevant differences were not detected. All three regimens can be used as initial anti-Helicobacter therapy and can compete with 7-day PPI-triple therapies. More data are needed on the influence of antimicrobial resistance on the performance of individual triple therapies. The local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance will determine which regimen should be chosen for a certain geographical area.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Ai Chi and Impairment-Based Aquatic Therapy for Older Adults With Balance Problems: A Clinical Study

Background and Purpose: Older adults with balance deficits often fear falling and limit their mobility. Poor balance is multifactorial, influenced by medication interactions, musculoskeletal and sensory system changes, and poor neuromuscular response to changes in body positions. Aquatic physical therapy (APT) is an intervention used to improve balance and decrease falls. Ai Chi is a water-based exercise program. It incorporates slow movements of progressive difficulty utilizing the upper and lower extremities and trunk coordinated with deep breathing. It is used for relaxation, strengthening, and balance training. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Ai Chi provides better results than conventional impairment-based aquatic therapy (IBAT) for older adults with balance deficits. Methods: Thirty-two community-dwelling adults, 65 to 85 years old, were referred to 2 different community pools for APT. Fifteen participants received Ai Chi-based aquatic interventions and 17 participants received an IBAT program. Physical therapists trained in both programs completed interventions and determined discharge. Physical balance measures, which included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG), were collected pre- and posttherapy. Self-reported outcome measures, the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), were collected pre- and posttherapy and 3- and 6-month postdischarge. Results: A 2-way (group by time) mixed-model analysis of covariance with initial outcome scores as a covariate revealed no difference between groups in any of the outcome measures (BBS, P = .53; TUG, P = .39; ABC, P = .63; NPRS, P = .27). Repeated-measures analysis and dependent t tests showed significant improvements in the BBS ( P = .00) and TUG ( P = .03) after APT. The ABC and NPRS did not improve significantly (ABC, P = .27; NPRS, P = .77). Conclusions: There were no significant differences found in balance measures, balance confidence, or pain levels for community-dwelling older adults between the Ai Chi and IBAT programs. Physical outcome measures improved with APT but patient-reported measures did not. Further study is indicated to determine the most effective treatment frequency and duration for this population.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Soil Compaction Induced by Different Tillage Systems and its Impact on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Abstract: Maize (Zea Mays L.) cultivation faces challenges from mechanized tillage-induced compaction, impacting soil physical properties crucial for growth. This compaction, stemming from machinery-soil interactions during tillage, alters bulk density, root penetration resistance, and water infiltration rates. Tractive tires play a central role in this process. The chapter explores the intricate relationship, emphasizing its adverse effects on maize root development, nutrient availability, and overall grain yield. While studies report significant yield reductions under severe compaction, a universally agreed-upon critical level remains elusive, necessitating further research into dynamic soil factors influencing maize productivity. This insight informs strategies for optimizing cultivation practices amid mechanized tillage challenges. Soil compaction, a critical concern in maize cultivation, profoundly impacts plant growth. Mechanized tillage-induced compaction alters soil properties, affecting bulk density, root penetration, and water movement. Compacted soil restricts air and water availability, hindering root respiration and nutrient uptake. This multifaceted constraint leads to poor seed germination, reduced yields, and increased vulnerability to root diseases. Mitigation strategies include low tillage machine loads, precision agriculture, conservation tillage, bioturbation, and deep tillage. While some compaction may benefit water retention, excessive levels pose risks. A holistic approach involves soil assessments, controlled traffic farming, cover crops, mechanical aeration, optimized equipment design, and ongoing monitoring. Education and adaptive practices are crucial for sustainable soil compaction management.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prospects for electronic publication in communication: A survey of potential users

This paper discusses the arguments for and against electronic publication and explores the potential acceptance for an electronic journal in the communication discipline. Using electronic mail, 85 users of a computer communication system were surveyed to determine the factors that would influence their decision to submit research reports to an electronic journal. The survey indicates that a majority of respondents would use an electronic journal to publish research reports and that most viewed publishing as a way to communicate about their work rather than a means for advancing in the field. The survey provides evidence that willingness to electronically publish decreased with higher occupational positions (from Masters student to Associate Professor) with this trend reversing itself at the level of Full Professor.

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Deep Learning in human neurons predicts mechanistic subtypes of Parkinson's disease

Lists of data sets; 1. PreDict PD v1_Imaging process pipelines that used to tabular data analysis using Columbus Image Data Storage and Analysis System (aas file). 2. Tabular data Zip (excel files) 3. Image data Zip (png files); Some images are separately uploaded. (1) Aggregation image Zip (2) Additional Control image Zip (3) Mitotoxin 1st plate (oligomycin treated) image Zip (4) Mitotoxin 1st plate (untreated) image Zip (5) Mitotoxin 1st plate (rotenone) image Zip (6) Mitotoxin 2nd plate (oligomycin treated) image Zip (7) Mitotoxin 2nd plate (untreated) image Zip (8) Mitotoxin 2nd plate (rotenone) image Zip

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the North Pacific Coast of Costa Rica].

Cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The aerobic cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of 45 apparently healthy female olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) was studied at Nancite nesting beach, in Santa Rosa National Park (Costa Rican North Pacific) during July and August 2002. Bacterial samples were obtained by inserting sterile swabs directly into the cloaca and the nasal cavities of the turtles. Ninety-nine aerobic bacterial isolates, including 10 Gram-negative and 5 Gram-positive bacteria, were recovered. The most common bacteria cultured were Aeromonas spp. (13/45) and Citrobacter freundi (6/45) from cloacal samples and Bacillus spp. (32/45), Staphylococcus aureus (6/45) and Corynebacterium spp. (5/45) from nasal ducts. The results of the present study showed that the aerobic bacterial flora of nesting female olive ridleys was composed of several potential human and animal microbe pathogens.

Topic: Turtle Biology and Conservation
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Harm by Her Own Hand

Abstract Abstract Recent research regarding violence among juveniles has left important questions unanswered. One question involves the effect of gender. This paper reports the results of a study examining gender differences in violent behavior. The records of 136 juveniles (m = 71; f = 65) were reviewed to test the hypothesis that sexual abuse, low levels of family support, and low levels of support from friends would predict self-directed violence more effectively among females than among males. Logistic regression models correctly classified 71% of the girls and 76.06% of the boys. The model for girls identified 79.49% (9.59% improvement) of the non-mutilators and 57.69% (16.62% improvement) of the mutilators. The model for boys predicted non-mutilation with 100% accuracy (25% improvement), but did not correctly classify any mutilators (23.61% decrease in predictive capacity). The study supported the hypothesis and has important implications for social work practice. Key Words: Female juvenilesviolent behaviorviolencesexual abuseself-mutilization

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;title&gt;New dispersion compensation technique for Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)&lt;/title&gt;

In this paper a numerical a posteriori depth-variant dispersion compensation technique for PCI and OCT depth-scan signals is presented. This technique is based on numerical correlation of the depth-scan interferometer signal with a depth-variant kernel. Examples of dispersion compensated depth-scan signals obtained from microscope cover glasses are presented. First results show substantial resolution improvements.

Topic: Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ventricular wall thickness and volume during hemodynamic collapse produced by AC leakage current

Medical equipment can unintentionally allow the flow of power line current through the patient causing complete hemodynamic collapse without fibrillation. This study tests the hypothesis that static wall thickening accompanies AC induced collapse via an isovolumic state. In 3 dogs, we delivered AC current stimulation ranging from 10-160 Hz and 10-1000 /spl mu/A to the right ventricle. A steerable, quadripolar catheter was placed in the apex of the left ventricle and deflected towards the basal region to measure left ventricular volume. Two dimensional, short-axis ultrasound images of the LV endocardial walls were recorded to measure wall thickness. Our results indicate that wall thickness during collapse is significantly greater than during systole (/spl Delta/ thickness =11.7/spl plusmn/12 mm, p<0.001) and diastole (/spl Delta/ thickness=23.6/spl plusmn/13 mm, p<0.001). In addition, the volume of the left ventricle is significantly smaller during collapse than the average volume during normal sinus rhythm (/spl Delta/ impedance=0.152/spl plusmn/0.006 no units, p<0.001).

Topic: Quality and Safety in Healthcare
Subfield: Medical Laboratory Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Smart Grid: An Overview

The electric grid system is evolved into a smart grid using advanced technologies. The smart grid acts on various information and data in a systematized fashion. It includes an advanced metering infrastructure system that is
responsible for the communication between the smart meter and the utility. The reliability, efficiency, sustainability and economics of the production and distribution of electricity will greatly improve with a smart grid. Overall the smart grid will help save energy.

Topic: Electricity Theft Detection Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Parsing with treebank grammars

This paper presents empirical studies and closely corresponding theoretical models of the performance of a chart parser exhaustively parsing the Penn Treebank with the Treebank's own CFG grammar.We show how performance is dramatically affected by rule representation and tree transformations, but little by top-down vs. bottom-up strategies.We discuss grammatical saturation, including analysis of the strongly connected components of the phrasal nonterminals in the Treebank, and model how, as sentence length increases, the effective grammar rule size increases as regions of the grammar are unlocked, yielding super-cubic observed time behavior in some configurations.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
KELT: The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope

Transits of bright stars offer a unique opportunity to study detailed properties of extrasolar planets that cannot be determined through radial-velocity observations. We propose a technique to find such systems using all-sky small-aperture transit surveys. The optimal telescope design for finding transits of bright stars is a 5 cm ``telescope'' with a 4k x 4k camera. We are currently building such a system and expect to detect ~10 bright star transits after one year of operation.

Topic: Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Subfield: Instrumentation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Modifying effect of light and electromagnetic field on development of mammary tumors induced by N-nitrosomethyl urea in female rats].

Female rats aged I month and older were kept indoors in darkness, under lighting for 24 hours or exposed to ordinary lighting (light--12 hrs; darkness--12 hrs). Three weeks after the beginning of the experiment, they received N-nitrosomethyl urea (NMU) treatment in the dose of 50 mg/kg, intravenously, at weekly intervals, and were exposed to alternating 50 Hz (AMF) or static 0.2 oersted, (DMF) electromagnetic field radiation for 3 hrs, daily. Under usual lighting conditions, NMU treatment was followed by the development of mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MGA) in 31% of the animals. However, AMF or DMF treatment was followed by a shorter period of latency, without affecting MGA frequency. Constant lighting was found to stimulate a sharp increase in carcinogenesis: MGA frequency in groups receiving NMU, NMU+AMF or NMU+DMF was 57, 81 and 61%, respectively; latency period dropped by half as compared with usual lighting conditions. Conversely, the rats constantly kept in darkness revealed significant inhibition of mammary gland carcinogenesis, MGA frequency in NMU, NMU+AMF or NMU+DMF groups being 3, 4 and 2%, respectively. A blood serum--hormone assay showed constant lighting to decrease melatonin level and to increase prolactin concentration for all the modalities of carcinogenic treatment used. The results point to a significant promoting effect of constant lighting on mammary gland carcinogenesis by NMU in rats. This effect is potentiated by additional AMF or DMF treatment. Conversely, constant darkness inhibits mammary gland carcinogenesis and mitigates the pernicious effect of low-frequency electro-magnetic radiation.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparation of Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Fibers with Melamine Cyanurate and Bicyclic Phosphates via Melt Spinning

Melamine cyanurate (MCA) and bicyclic phosphates (BP) were combined and added into polyamide6 (PA6) with the polyethylene oxide (PEO) as dispersing agent by melt blend, then the flame retardant PA6 fibers were prepared by melt spinning. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the morphology and properties of the blends. The results indicated that the MCA particles with diametric size about 400nm are highly uniformly in the PA6 matrix, the spinnability and tensile strength of flame retardant PA6 fibers declined due to co-addition of MCA and M102B, TGA showed the flame retardant PA6 fibers decomposed early and retained high solid residue. From Flammability testing, an increase of oxygen index to 33.2% and an improvement of the UL-94 classification to V-0 were observed.

Topic: Flame retardant materials and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Second primary lung malignancy following head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives/Hypothesis Analyze the characteristics of second primary lung malignancies (SPLMs) following an index head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was queried for all cases of HNSCC between 1973 and 2014 (N = 101,856). This population was compared to a standard population to assess relative risk for lung cancer, calculated as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Patients who developed SPLMs were extracted (N = 8,116) and compared to all other cases of lung cancer (N = 1,160,853) to assess histopathological differences. SPLM subpopulations divided by head and neck primary site were compared for lung cancer histology and time interval between cancer diagnoses. Results Overall, 8.0% of HNSCC patients developed SPLMs (SIR = 4.22, P &lt; .001), diagnosed an average of 6.7 years later. Patients with HNSCC of the supraglottis and hypopharynx were at the highest risk relative to a standard population, with SIRs of 8.10 and 6.34, respectively. When comparing SPLMs to all other lung cancers, there was no difference in the distribution of lung lobe affected, but SPLMs were significantly more likely to be of squamous cell carcinoma histology (42.0% vs. 21.0%, P &lt; .001). Among head and neck subsites, lung cancers following larynx tumors had a significantly higher proportion of small cell histology, and those following oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal tumors had significantly higher proportions of squamous cell histology. Conclusions Patients who undergo curative treatment of HNSCC are at high risk for developing SPLMs. Subsite‐specific differences may help elucidate the degree of risk attributable to smoking, genetic susceptibility, human papillomavirus infection, or metastasis masquerading as an SPLM. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope , 129:903–909, 2019

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bulk Compton Emission in the Gamma-Ray Burst Internal Shock Model

We investigate the role of the bulk Compton-scattering process in the internal shock model. We numerically show that the radiation field created by internal shocks does not affect the efficiency of the energy conversion in the shocks even if fireball outflows have highly nonuniform velocity distributions. However, the bulk Compton-scattering produces an additional high energy component especially when variability in the outflows arises because of a modulation of the mass injected into a constant energy flow. We show that an isotropic energy of $10^{50-51}$ ergs could be radiated in the range of 100MeV-GeV through the scattering process, provided that the shell's Lorentz factor varies between 10 and $10^4$.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leveraging genetic association data to investigate the polygenic architecture of human traits and diseases

Many human traits and diseases have a polygenic architecture, where phenotype is partially determined by variation in many genes. These complex traits or diseases can be highly heritable and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been relatively successful in the identification of associated variants. However, these variants typically do not account for most of the heritability and thus, the genetic architecture remains uncertain.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences