jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer to Dentin of Primary Teeth after Different Dentin-Conditioning Methods

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of the resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) to primary dentin using different dentin conditioners.Materials and Methods: The dentin surfaces of 80 primary molars were conditioned using four different methods: etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 10% polyacrylic acid, 5% NaOCl, and no surface treatment. Dentin surfaces were restored with RMGI Fuji Π LC cylinders. After 24 h, the shear bond strength tests were performed using Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tamhane Post hoc Test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Phosphoric acid produced the highest shear bond strengths, compared to all tested groups, which showed statistically significant differences with groups 3 and 4 (P=0.043, P<0.001). Subsequently, Polyacrylic acid showed a significantly higher SBS than group 4 (P=0.046). Conditioning with NaOCl signiﬁcantly increased the bonding strength of RMGI compared to the untreated group (P=0.001). Untreated dentin had the lowest SBS compared to other tested groups.Conclusion: The conditioning step effectively improved the SBS of RMGI to primary dentin. Dentin conditioning with 37% Phosphoric acid for 5 sec showed the highest shear bond strength of RMGI.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The contributing factors to mean pulmonary artery pressure in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

<b>Background:</b> Pulmonary hypertension is one of the main determinants of exercise limitation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors contributing to mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in IPF. <b>Methods:</b> Ninety-eight consecutive patients with IPF who underwent right heart catheter and cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. Variables in pulmonary function test, cardiopulmonary exercise test and skeletal muscle force were included in the analysis. <b>Results:</b> MPAP was 18.9 ± 6.3 (9.0 - 39.0) mmHg. Diffusing capacity, PaO2 at rest, peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency, work efficiency, peak heat rate and the lowest SpO2 during exercise test were significantly correlated with MPAP. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, PaO2 at rest, the lowest SpO2 during exercise test and ventilatory efficiency were independent predictors of MPAP in IPF. <b>Conclusions:</b> PaO2 at rest, the lowest SpO2 and ventilatory efficiency during exercise are important contributing factors for MPAP in IPF patients.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly TPDS‐Mediated Free Radical Ring Expansion of α‐Haloalkyl Cyclic β‐Keto Esters.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Radical Photochemical Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regulation and Function of TREM2-dependent Pathways in Neurodegeneration

Carriers of the R47H allele of the microglia-specific lipid receptor TREM2 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimerճ disease. The objective of this dissertation is to develop further mechanistic knowledge about how TREM2 is regulated and how TREM2 mutations affect microglia and neurodegeneration. Using an in vitro reporter assay, we find that several AD risk-associated TREM2 mutations decrease ligand-dependent activation. Using humanized TREM2 mice, we find that in vivo, the R47H mutation leads to reduced microglia activation and response to A_, as well as decreased shedding of soluble TREM2. These results suggest that TREM2 is protective during disease. We find that TREM2-deficient macrophages in vitro are more susceptible to stress-induced loss of mTOR signaling, increased autophagy, and low-energy status. In vivo, microglia similarly fail to maintain mTOR signaling and increase autophagy in an A_ mouse model, which could be rescued by enhancing energy utilization with long-term cyclocreatine supplementation. These results suggest that TREM2 is playing a fundamental role in maintaining microglia health and survival rather than triggering a specific activation signature. Finally, we perform an unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to identify and characterize pathways that regulate TREM2 surface expression, identifying TMEM131 as a suppressor of TREM2 surface expression. We further demonstrate that TMEM131 regulation of TREM2 does not involve cleavage or degradation of TREM2 from the cell surface or require the unique intramembranous charge of TREM2. These results provide a stepping stone for identifying novel therapeutic targets related to TREM2.

Topic: Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanistic insights into translation inhibition by aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin

Abstract How aminoglycoside antibiotics limit bacterial growth and viability is not clearly understood. Here we employ fast kinetics to reveal the molecular mechanism of action of a clinically used, new-generation, semisynthetic aminoglycoside Arbekacin (ABK), which is designed to avoid enzyme-mediated deactivation common to other aminoglycosides. Our results portray complete picture of ABK inhibition of bacterial translation with precise quantitative characterizations. We find that ABK inhibits different steps of translation in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations by imparting pleotropic effects. ABK binding stalls elongating ribosomes to a state, which is unfavorable for EF-G binding. This prolongs individual translocation step from ∼50 ms to at least 2 s; the mean time of translocation increases inversely with EF-G concentration. ABK also inhibits translation termination by obstructing RF1/RF2 binding to the ribosome. Furthermore, ABK decreases accuracy of mRNA decoding (UUC vs. CUC) by ∼80 000 fold, causing aberrant protein production. Importantly, translocation and termination events cannot be completely stopped even with high ABK concentration. Extrapolating our kinetic model of ABK action, we postulate that aminoglycosides impose bacteriostatic effect mainly by inhibiting translocation, while they become bactericidal in combination with decoding errors.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Religious Accommodation, Religious Tradition, and Political Polarization

A religious accommodation is an exemption from compliance with the law for some but not for others. One might therefore suppose that before granting an accommodation, courts would inquire about whether a legal interference with religious belief or practice is truly significant, if only to evaluate whether the risk of political polarization that attends accommodation is worth hazarding. But that is not the case: any assessment of the significance of a religious belief or practice within a claimant's belief system is strictly forbidden.\nTwo arguments are pressed in support of this view: (1) courts have institutional reasons for acquiescing on the burden question; and (2) courts have anti-establishment reasons for doing so. Courts, it is said, do not decide about the quality of religious burdens. Claimants do that. Courts defer so as to reduce the political polarization that might result if some should perceive that their religious beliefs and practices are comparatively powerless to obtain exemptions. Deference on the burden question pre- serves the religious neutrality of courts and mitigates the politically polarizing dangers of accommodation.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Oct 2013Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients Cary SiegelM.D. Cary SiegelCary Siegel View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.06.070AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients." The Journal of Urology, 190(4), p. 1248 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 4October 2013Page: 1248Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Cary Siegel More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aluminum nitride films on different orientations of sapphire and silicon

The details of epitaxial growth and microstrictural characteristics of AlN films grown on sapphire (0001), (101̄2) and Si (100), (111) substrates were investigated using plan-view and cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. The films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using TMA1+NH3+N2 gas mixtures. Different degrees of epitaxy were observed for the films grown on α-Al2O3 and Si substrates in different orientations. The epitaxial relationship for (0001) sapphire was found to be (0001)AlN∥(0001)sap with in-plane orientation relationship of [011̄0]AlN∥[1̄21̄0]sap. This is equivalent to a 30° rotation in the basal (0001) plane. For (101̄2) sapphire substrates, the epitaxial relationship was determined to be (112̄0)AlN∥(101̄2)sap with the in-plane alignment of [0001]AlN∥[1̄011]sap. The AlN films on (0001) α-Al2O3 were found to contain inverted domain boundaries and a/3〈112̄0〉 threading dislocations with the estimated density of 1010 cm−2. The density of planar defects (stacking faults) found in AlN films was considerably higher in the case of (101̄2) compared to (0001) substrates. Films on Si substrates were found to be highly textured c axis oriented when grown on (111) Si, and c axis textured with random in-plane orientation on (100) Si. The role of thin-film defects and interfaces on device fabrication is discussed.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Models for the Arrangement of the Family Environment, Especially Husbands of Pregnant Women for Early Prevention of Stunting

Research has been carried out to analyze the development of a model for structuring the family environment of pregnant women for early prevention of stunting in Padang Pariaman Regency in 2021. In this study, an analysis of factors that influence variables in the development of a model of structuring the family environment, especially the husbands of pregnant women, was conducted. Development (R&amp;D). This model was developed using the ASSURE model approach (Analyze Learners; State Objectives, Select Methods, Media, and Materials; Utilize Media and Materials; Require Learner Participation, and Evaluate and Revise). The data analysis technique used one-way table analysis presented in the form of a descriptive statistical table which was used to describe the independent and dependent variables. The results of the study found that in the analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using a computer program, each variable has a loading factor value greater than 0.5. From the three composites, it can be concluded that with the loading factor value that meets the standard, it can be interpreted that the husband's role can reduce stunting rates in the Padang Pariaman District Health Center.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Rectal Foreign Body Removal in the Emergency Department: A Case Report

Introduction: Rectal foreign bodies (RFB) pose a challenge to emergency physicians. Patients are not often forthcoming, which can lead to delays to intervention. Thus, RFBs require a heightened clinical suspicion. In the emergency department (ED), extraction may require creative methods to prevent need for surgical intervention. Case Report: The authors present a case of a successful extraction of a RFB in the ED and review of the literature. Conclusion: Retained RFBs are an unusually problematic reason for an ED visit. Thus, it is important for emergency physicians to be comfortable managing such cases appropriately.

Topic: Foreign Body Medical Cases
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Europe’s Civil Society, Democracy, and the Media Thirteen Years After

In terms of the quality of democracy, the Czech Republic is under performing. Czech media are a significant factor in the process. Recently, most of the formerly serious Czech journalism has moved into infotainment. Moreover, it is influenced by the nostalgia for communist times. Complicit in perpetuating the communist taste, the media harm the nascent civil society. The most relevant aspect of civil society in this article pertains to its ability to provide citizens with a broad range of resources to develop their talents. By promoting and further developing the cultural expression infused by communist taste, the media flatten public life around the stale mainstream. In a small, relatively poor, and culturally homogeneous market and society hampered by a residual civic passivity, the media deprive citizens of a broad range of cultural resources and slow down their pursuit of a greater equality and freedom.

Topic: Eastern European Communism and Reforms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Restriciting Queries that Might Lead to Compromise

The feasibility of an inference control that determines at the time of a query whether a requested statistic could lead to compromise is investigated. One candidate is the "fail-safe" control, which restricts any statistic whose implied query sets are too small (or too large). We shall show that this control is infeasible, and does not prevent many compromises. By comparison, the cell suppression procedures used by census bureaus prevent compromise, but are also infeasible for on-line database systems.

Topic: Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
من الاشتراك الدلالي إلى تغير المعنى

From polysemy to meaning change: lexical cognitive perspectivesSaber Lahbacha By:PhD. Arabic language and Literature, University of Manouba, Member of association of Arabic lexicology in TunisAbstract:Many essays to find a model to study polysemy in most words emerged in several semantic, lexical, cognitive and pragmatic perspectives. Diverse dimensions of this phenomenon are activated according to the requirements of each discipline. If the lexical treatment gives priority to distinguish between polysemy (one entry) and homonymy (many entries), the pragmatic approach includes the contextual non-linguistic operators in building polysemy. The cognitive approach considers that lexical concepts are sets of semantic complicated nuances built on polysemy. This cognitive approach considers that there is no way to distinguish between meanings and the boundaries between them are ambiguous.Key words: Semantics – Polysemy – cognitive linguistics – lexicology – homonymy. ملخصلم تنقطع محاولات إيجاد منوال لمقاربة الاشتراك الدلالي (تعدّد المعاني) في معظم الكلمات عن البروز ضمن منظورات دلالية ومعجمية وعرفانية وتداولية متعددة. وبحسب مقتضيات كلّ فرع لساني، يجري تنشيط الأبعاد المختلفة للظاهرة ويتم التركيز على مناحٍ دون أخرى. فإذا كانت المعالجة المعجمية تضع أولوية اهتمامها في توضيح التمييز بين الاشتراك الدلالي (مدخل واحد) والاشتراك اللفظي (مداخل متعددة)، فإن المقاربة التداولية تؤصل مشاركة العوامل السياقية غير اللغوية في تأسيس الاشتراك الدلالي. أما المقاربة العرفانية فترى أن المفاهيم المعجمية هي مجموعات من الفروق الدلالية المتراكبة التي تقوم على الاشتراك الدلالي ولا ترى أن التمييز بين المعاني ممكن بل إن الحدود بين المفاهيم المعجمية ضبابية.الكلمات المفاتيح: علم الدلالة - الاشتراك الدلالي – اللسانيات العرفانية – المعجمية - الاشتراك اللفظي.

Topic: Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ORAL HEALTH AND DENTAL CARE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN DIVERSE POPULATIONS: ANALYSES OF LARGE COHORT DATA

Abstract Using large cohort surveys, this symposium includes five studies examining the linkages between oral health and systemic conditions, and social and behaviors factors affecting oral health and dental care utilization in older adults. The first study used the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and analyzed the effect of changes in self-rated dental conditions on memory among adults age 51+. This study also examined the mediation effect of stroke on this relationship. Using the same data (ELSA), the second study examined the longitudinal relationships between cognitive function and changes in diabetes and oral health status. Results showed that participants with co-occurrence of diabetes and poor oral health had an accelerated decline in cognitive function over the study period. The third study was conducted among 8,744 adults age 51+ using data from the Health and Retirement Study over a 10-year period. The authors found that social isolation had a significant effect on dementia onset and that both dental visits and tooth status had a mediating effect on the association. The fourth study analyzed the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2009-2016 and found that individuals with cognitive impairment had a significantly lower probability of annual dental visits. Using data from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago collected between 2017-2019, the fifth study found that spousal support was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having any dental visit. Findings illustrate the importance of understanding how different aspects of social relationships might play a role in dental care use.

Topic: Dental Health and Care Utilization
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Successfulness of Urban Development and Management: Applicability of Governance Indicators.

Planning urban development can be viewed as a cycle including phases of identification of a current situation, formulation of a future (vision), elaboration of financial framework for development projects, implementation phase, monitoring phase and evaluation of successful implementation. How successful the implementation is, will be the main focus of this paper and this question will be answered using governance indicators as a tool for measuring successful urban development and management in the local self-government units. Attempts to develop governance indicators to improve decision-making are long-standing in areas such as economic development, social progress, quality of life, environment and natural resources, healthy communities and sustainability (Hodge, 1997 and Seasons, 2003). In the last 10 years, elaboration of strategic documents at the local and regional level has taken place in Croatia, introducing participative approach in planning development practice. Evaluation of implementation of such programmes is still lacking and the system of governance indicators should be introduced. Given the data availability, it is necessary to define governance indicators at the local and county level that will measure successfulness of implementation of strategic documents. For the purpose of this research, three different towns (Samobor, Benkovac, Virovitica) and belonging counties (Zagreb County, Zadar County and ViroviticaPodravina County) will be a subject of analysis and afterwards compared. As cities are vital to the future of our societies and engines of local, regional and national development, duly evaluated development policy helps to secure urban vitality in a long-term and improve future urban development and management of the local selfgovernment units. Therefore, it is necessary to assess implementation of local programmes within county ones and their correlation in reality. As a result of a research, the paper gives policy recommendations for decision-makers and enhances their capacities in urban development and management in the local selfgovernment units.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Strobe Light Testing and Kokanee Population Monitoring : Dworshak Dam Impacts Assessment and Fisheries Investigation Project, 97-99 : annual Progress Report for 1998.

We tested the response of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka to strobe lights. Testing was conducted on wild, free-ranging fish in their natural environment (i.e., the pelagic region of two large Idaho lakes). Split-beam hydroacoustics were used to record the distance kokanee moved away from the lights as well as the density of kokanee in the area near the lights. In control tests, where the strobe lights were lowered into the lake but kept turned off, kokanee remained within a few meters of the lights. Once the lights began flashing, kokanee quickly moved away from the light source. Kokanee were found to move an average of 30 to 136 m away from the lights in waters with Secchi transparencies from 2.8 to 17.5 m (p=0.00 to p=0.04). Kokanee densities near the lights were significantly lower (p=0.00 to p=0.07) when the lights were turned on than in control samples with no lights flashing. Flash rates of 300, 360, and 450 flashes/min elicited strong avoidance responses from the fish. Kokanee remained at least 24 m away from the lights during our longest test that lasted for 5 h 50 min. Kokanee appeared to be responding to flashes that were well less than 0.00016 lux above background lighting.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustainability of Buke Palang Pintu Tradition in Betawi Modern Society in Jakarta

Tradition usually considered as something ancient, outdated, not functional and not desirable anymore because it is not worth attending in the present on their community. In fact, tradition should be remembered as something which does not always appear in the same form as in the past or as narrated

Topic: Cultural and Artistic Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Novel Thermosensitive Polyethers Prepared by Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glycidyl Ether Derivatives

Abstract A new series of thermo-sensitive polyethers were prepared by anionic ring-opening polymerization of glycidyl ether derivatives: glycidyl methyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, and ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether. The prepared polymers have controllable molecular weight with narrow molecular weight distributions. These polymers exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water. The LCST is altered from 14.6 to 57.7 °C by decreasing the hydrophobicity of the side-chain units.

Topic: biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences