jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Building Blocks and Potential Pharmacological Perspectives of Green Coffee: A Review

Coffee is known to be one of the popular beverages today on the globe. Due to its easy availability and preparation, it is consumed by the population of almost all countries. This wonder crop was discovered in the 6th century in Ethiopia. Since then, people have also used various brewing methods to extract hundreds of the bioactive compounds present in these aromatic seeds. No doubt, excessive consumption of the same can be harmful too. As a functional food, coffee is known to have multiple health benefits. Coffee beans contain vitamins, minerals, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and various other biologically active ingredients. This review briefly describes the major biologically active compounds present in these seeds – caffeine, trigonelline, diterpenes, and chlorogenic acid (CGA). It also aims to describe various bioactive activities such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antiviral, etc., against variable hallmarks. Thus, explaining different pharmacological effects for the welfare of the human population.

Topic: Coffee research and impacts
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Preliminary Investigation of the Production of Stable Fogs Under Subsaturated Conditions,

Under Contract No. N00019-78-C-0349 from the Naval Air Systems Command, Calspan Corporation initiated an experimental investigation of the feasibility of producing stable fogs under conditions of subsaturated relative humidity. The objectives of this limited laboratory investigation were: (1) to determine the efficiency of pyrotechnically-generated, hygroscopic aerosols in producing conditions of restricted visibility (at both visible and infrared wavelengths) at relative humidities 100%; and (2) to assess the utility of evaporation retardants in increasing the persistance (lifetime) of the artificial fogs with lowering relative humidity. In the experiments, measurements of aerosol size spectra (0.01 micron - 10 microns diameters) and optical extinction at both visible and infrared wavelengths were obtained as functions of time and changing relative humidity for a variety of aerosol concentration levels. The Salty Dog aerosol fogs were found to be extremely stable, with visibility improvements of only a factor of 2 occuring when relative humidity was reduced 10%. The evaporation retardant, cetyl alcohol, was found to be ineffective in reducing the visibility improvement factor.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Random Dilution at Marginal Dimensionality in LiTb_{p}Y_{1-p}F_{4}

The ${T}_{c}(p)$ vs $p$ phase diagram and the critical behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of the randomly diluted, three-dimensional, Ising, dipolar-coupled ferromagnet $\mathrm{Li}{\mathrm{Tb}}_{p}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}p}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ has been measured for $0.97>~p>~0.46$. For $p>~0.46$ the ${T}_{c}(p)$ phase diagram obeys the relation ${T}_{c}(p)=2.88 \mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}(3.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 \mathrm{K})(1\ensuremath{-}p)$. At small $p$, a power-law fit is found to be qualitatively more in agreement with the data than either the renormalization-group logarithmically corrected power law or a recent prediction for the random dipolar Ising magnet.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Policy and Competitiveness of Integrated Agricultural-Based technology for Cocoa Production in Indonesia: Application of a Policy Analysis Matrix

Purpose: The research aimed to evaluate the competitiveness of smallholder cocoa plantations and the efficiency of input use in cocoa farming by strengthening farmer groups Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The research design includes the steps taken in conducting research, data sources, and how to obtain data and data analysis. The research clearly describes the variables, data collection, and data analysis methods to have a clear picture of the competitiveness of cocoa farming. Design/methodology/approach : Measuring the competitiveness of cocoa in Bali using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. PAM analysis is used to calculate private profit, which is a measure of farm competitiveness at the market price level or the actual price Findings: Competitiveness at the social price level is placed on the second row of the PAM table, Indonesia is an agricultural country and the development of the main agricultural sector, especially cocoa commodities which are managed through community plantations in rural areas, shows the ability to be comparatively competitive, even competitive, even though some components such as private farmer profits can be achieved at 69% compared to what cocoa farmers should receive. Farmers can receive social benefits of up to 40%. Even though cocoa production receives output subsidies, cocoa farmers are only able to obtain a price of 79%, or 21% lower than the world cocoa price, but it is still competitively profitable for farmers. The inputs needed by farmers in cocoa production can be managed by farmers so that the price of tradable inputs at the farmer level shows the same price at the economic level so that it is said to have comparative and competitive competitiveness. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: Competitive cocoa in Indonesia provides benefits to farmers at small-scale plantations of up to 69 %, and the profits received by farmers are 40% when measured comparatively. Originality/value: Originality/Value: This research is original. Implemented in smallholder cocoa plantations in Indonesia with integrated crop-livestock farming patterns to produce outputs that can compete at social prices and to motivate other cocoa farmers to develop farming system innovations that can increase cocoa production based on local resources.

Topic: Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
Subfield: Horticulture
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Issue Publication Information

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIssue Publication InformationCite this: ACS Synth. Biol. 2019, 8, 8, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):August 16, 2019Publication History Published online16 August 2019Published inissue 16 August 2019https://doi.org/10.1021/sbv008i008_1305199Copyright © 2019 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (172 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transforming acoustic sensing with high refractive index metamaterials

Acoustic sensors play an important role in many areas, such as safety (e.g., sonar arrays), public health (e.g., ultrasonic imaging), surveillance (e.g., underwater communication and navigation), and industry (e.g., non-destructive damage detection). However, conventional acoustic sensors inevitably suffer from the fundamental pressure detection limit, which hinders the performance of current acoustic sensing technologies. Here, we design high refractive index acoustic metamaterials that have strong wave compression effect to obtain direct amplification of pressure fields in metamaterials. This enables a novel metamaterial enhanced acoustic sensing system that can help overcome the detection limit of conventional systems. Through analytical, numerical, and experimental studies, we demonstrate that this novel acoustic sensing system can help achieve over an order of magnitude enhancement in acoustic pressure detection limit. This will allow the detection of weak acoustic signals below the noise floor of the conventional acoustic sensing systems. This work is expected to impact many fronts that require high performance acoustic sensing.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Midwives assessing progress in labour : working and learning

This Thesis is based upon a project researching midwives confidence and capability in holistic assessment for 'normal labour' and the development of these attributes as a response to learning to care for women. The project was an exploratory qualitative study uSing interview, ethnography and questionnaires to collect data from three sites in the UK. Qualitative data analysis was adopted to build theory and this resulted in the development of a project model (Figure 6.1: Midwives Assessing Intrapartum&#13;\nProgress) that represents the findings of the study.&#13;\nResults identify a range of diagnostic information that midwives can consider when judging labour progress and identifies differences when assessing lowrisk cases between those using an active management style of assessment and those using an expectant management style in the extent of making use of internal or external indicators of progress respectively. Differences in interpreting information and&#13;\njudgements about using procedures reflect a focus on childbirth and care, learning from experience and influences within the midwifery team and organisation.&#13;\nDifferences in understanding and in philosophical position towards childbirth interact with capability resulting from experience, and this interaction is expressed in the degree of discretion to practice holistic assessment, negotiated within the structures and processes of the work place. To adopt an expectant management style of assessment for normal labour midwives must sustain motivation. Motivation is dependant upon understanding and capability, both learned in practice, but not well developed in many of the respondents in the study.&#13;\nActive management creates an illusion of accuracy and certainty and this is not safe or effective for midwifery diagnosis. It has also restricted midwives tolerance for uncertainty and decreased the credibility of less technical information that is important. A holistic approach to assessment based on observation and complemented by technology when required is a more effective diagnostic approach when midwives spend sustained periods with women without on-site medical cover.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Orthodromic Transfer of the Temporalis Muscle in Incomplete Facial Nerve Palsy

Background Temporalis muscle transfer produces prompt surgical results with a one-stage operation in facial palsy patients. The orthodromic method is surgically simple, and the vector of muscle action is similar to the temporalis muscle action direction. This article describes transferring temporalis muscle insertion to reconstruct incomplete facial nerve palsy patients.Methods Between August 2009 and November 2011, 6 unilateral incomplete facial nerve palsy patients underwent surgery for orthodromic temporalis muscle transfer. A preauricular incision was performed to expose the mandibular coronoid process. Using a saw, the coronoid process was transected. Three strips of the fascia lata were anchored to the muscle of the nasolabial fold through subcutaneous tunneling. The tension of the strips was adjusted by observing the shape of the nasolabial fold. When optimal tension was achieved, the temporalis muscle was sutured to the strips. The surgical results were assessed by comparing pre- and postoperative photographs. Three independent observers evaluated the photographs.Results The symmetry of the mouth corner was improved in the resting state, and movement of the oral commissure was enhanced in facial animation after surgery.Conclusions The orthodromic transfer of temporalis muscle technique can produce prompt results by applying the natural temporalis muscle vector. This technique preserves residual facial nerve function in incomplete facial nerve palsy patients and produces satisfying cosmetic outcomes without malar muscle bulging, which often occurs in the turn-over technique.

Topic: Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Publication Patterns and Research Issues of Hybrid Learning: A Literature Review

This paper reports a review study on hybrid learning which features the provision of face-to-face and remote learning in a synchronous manner. The study focused on identifying the patterns of publications on hybrid learning in terms of their sources, countries/regions, levels of education, and subject disciplines, as well as the major research issues. It covered a total of 46 articles collected from Scopus and published from 2012 to 2021. The results show an increasing trend of publications on hybrid learning in recent years. Relevant research was conducted more frequently in the United States, China and Canada, at the tertiary education level, and in the subject disciplines of language, engineering, and technology. Five major research issues were identified, namely - i) teacher and student experiences and behaviours in hybrid learning, ii) teacher and student perceptions of hybrid learning, iii) the impacts, benefits and challenges of hybrid learning, iv) the features of hybrid learning, and v) the effectiveness of hybrid learning. The findings contribute to revealing the state of the art in hybrid learning as well as the potential areas for future research, such as the effects of pedagogies for hybrid learning in subject disciplines of diverse nature, types of learners' support, and the factors affecting the effectiveness of hybrid learning.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Governance and trust in sustainability-based agri-food value chains. A comparative analysis of five cases in Germany

Value chains that generate an increased willingness to pay among consumers by offering enhanced levels of sustainability are widely discussed as an important strategy for creating new business opportunities and fostering food system transformation. Previous research has highlighted the importance of governance arrangements to secure the trust necessary for the establishment of sustainability-based value chains. However, how different coordination designs by private and public actors along the value chain affect trust formation is not well understood. To address this question, this paper combines the concepts of hybrid governance and multidimensional trust to guide a comparative analysis of five sustainability-based agri-food value chains in Germany as exemplary case studies. The findings show that different types of governance activities are necessary to build the capacity to address four different sources of trust: dispositional, affinitive, rational and procedural trust. Building trust capacities facilitates coordination of activities along the value chain and reliable delivery of sustainability-related value propositions. In all five cases, governance arrangements and building of trust capacities were geared towards increasing willingness to pay. Sustainability-based agri-food value chains have therefore limited potential to internalize the agri-food sector’s substantial negative externalities.

Topic: Organic Food and Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytotoxic Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from <i>Combretum sundaicum</i> and <i>Lantana camara</i> as Inhibitors of Bcl-xL/BakBH3 Domain Peptide Interaction

In an effort to discover potent inhibitors of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, a systematic in vitro evaluation was undertaken on extracts prepared from various parts of Vietnamese plants. The ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the leaves and flowers of Combretum sundaicum and the leaves of Lantana camara were selected for their interaction with the Bcl-xL/Bak association. Bioassay-guided purification of these species led to the isolation of 15 pentacyclic triterpenoids (1-15) possessing olean-12-en-28-oic acid and olean-12-en-29-oic acid aglycons, of which compounds 1-6 and 8-10 are new. Five compounds exhibited binding activity with K(i) values between 5.3 and 17.8 microM. The cytotoxic activity of 1-15 was also evaluated on various cancer cell lines.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association between Paediatric Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Parental Health Literacy, Child Health, and Socio-Economic Variables: A Prospective Study

Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) constitute products and practices not considered allopathic medicine. CAM use is high in children, but little is known about factors that may influence parents using CAM with their child. This study aimed to determine the variables associated with CAM use in children with a prospective study among children and their parents attending a tertiary care hospital in New Zealand (NZ). Outcomes included current CAM use, parental opinions on CAM, parental health literacy and child well-being. This study was completed by 130 parents (85% female), and the mean child age was 6.7 years. CAM use was reported for 59 (45%) children, the most common being oral supplements and body manipulation. Children were more likely to use CAM if their parent had higher health literacy (p = 0.001), and if they had previously attended the emergency department within 12 months (p = 0.03). There was no association between child well-being and CAM use. Parental opinion of using CAM only if a doctor recommended it was associated with CAM use for their child (p = 0.01). Only 40% of parents disclosed their child’s CAM use to the medical team. This study highlights that parental health literacy influences the use of CAM for children in NZ, providing insight for translational research to improve CAM safety and disclosure rates in NZ.

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Manajemen Sumber Daya Pendidik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja

Educator performance is a determining factor in the quality of higher education because it directly influences the quality of learning, research, and community service. This study aims to analyze the practice of educator resource management at Nahdlatul Ulama University of East Kalimantan (UNU Kaltim) in improving lecturer performance. The research method used a qualitative case study approach with non-participant observation techniques and literature review. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions validated by technical triangulation. The results show that educator resource management at UNU Kaltim is implemented through needs planning, recruitment, capacity development, performance evaluation, and retention. This implementation has an impact on improving the quality of learning through the use of digital technology, increasing national publications, and lecturer involvement in community service programs. However, obstacles still arise such as the limited number of lecturers with doctoral degrees, minimal research funding, and demands for digital literacy. This study demonstrates the need for competency development strategies, expanding collaboration, and strengthening the research culture to optimize the performance of the three pillars of higher education.

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The biological properties of cancer stem cells in malignant gliomas in tissue culture: a review

This review presents recent data on the biological properties of cancer stem cells in brain gliomas. The possibilities of using of experimental methods of cell culture and immunohistochemical identification of tumor stem cells as a part of neurospheres (tumorospheres) are shown. Methodological features of neurospheres culture are described.Literature data about the dependence of neurospheres formation activity in the culture on the degree of anaplasia of original glioma tissues are presented considering the disease outcomes in neuro-oncological patients. Possibilities of the practical use of cultured tumorospheres in the study of selective impact of antiblastic drugs on tumor stem cells in gliomas are described.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Cell membranes and paracellular resistances in isolated renal proximal tubules from rabbit and Ambystoma.

Transepithelial specific resistance (Re) was measured in isolated and perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubules by cable analysis and intracellular micro‐electrode techniques were used to calculate the electrical resistances of the cell membranes and of the paracellular pathway. Re was 16 +/‐ 2 omega cm2 and the space constant was 130 +/‐ 14 micron, n = 29. Re was significantly increased by a decrease in temperature from 37 to 10 degrees C, and was practically abolished by nominal removal of Ca2+ from the bathing solution (to 2.0 +/‐ 0.3 omega cm2, P less than 0.001, n = 6). The apparent ratio of cell membrane resistances (luminal to basolateral) was 3.1 +/‐ 0.3. The control values of apical and basolateral membrane resistances (Ra and Rb) were calculated from the values of (1) Re, (2) the apparent ratio of cell membrane resistances, and (3) the effects of addition of either Ba2+ (1 mM) to the bath solution or glucose (8 mM) to the perfusate on basolateral and apical membrane voltages (assuming that the initial effects of Ba2+ and glucose are restricted to the ipsilateral membrane). Control values of Ra (omega cm2 of epithelium) were 249 +/‐ 68 (Ba2+ method) and 227 +/‐ 42 (glucose method). Values of Rb were 70 +/‐ 11; and 66 +/‐ 12 respectively. The low paracellular resistance values obtained with the Ba2+ and glucose methods, respectively, 17 +/‐ 5 and 15 +/‐ 1 omega cm2, explain the low transepithelial resistance. The use of the Ba2+ and glucose methods provides alternatives to cell cable determinations for the calculation of cell membrane resistances. Cell membrane and shunt resistances measured by the same methods in isolated perfused Ambystoma tigrinum proximal tubules (in omega cm2 of epithelium) were: Ra, 2650 +/‐ 180 (glucose method) and 2368 +/‐ 350 (Ba2+ method). Values of Rb were 665 +/‐ 99 (glucose method) and 701 +/‐ 124 (Ba2+ method). The paracellular resistance values were 58 +/‐ 11 (glucose method) and 84 +/‐ 12 (Ba2+ method). These results are in good agreement with previously reported values obtained by intracellular cable analysis (Maunsbach &amp; Boulpaep, 1984).

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences