jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Delayed awakening and its associated factor following general anesthesia service, 2022: a cross-sectional study

Background: The time to emerge from anesthesia is affected by patient factors, anesthetic factors, the duration of surgery, and preoperative and intraoperative pain management. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and contributing factors of delayed awakening following general anesthesia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2022. After getting ethical approval with the permission number S/C/R 37/01/2022, willing patients participate with written informed consent. Chart reviews in the preoperative and postoperative recovery rooms were used to collect data. Frequency and percentage with cross-tabulation were used to provide the descriptive statistics. To determine the predictive variables that were associated with the outcome variable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. The statistical significance was evaluated using P -values of 0.05 for multivariable regression. Results: In the current study, a normal emergency occurred in 91.7% of surgical patients receiving general anesthesia, while delayed awakening, emergence with hypoactive, and emergence with delirium occurred in 2.6, 3.9, and 1.8% of cases, respectively. Patients older than 64 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.33, 95% CI: 0.83–7.191], being diploma anesthesia providers (AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 2.05–7.15), opioids (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 2.20–5.76), surgery lasting longer than 2 h (AOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.83–6.14), estimated blood loss of more than 1500 ml (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.62–11.30), crystalloid administration of more than 3000 ml (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 2.19–7.32), intraoperative hypotension (AOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 2.93–9.41) and extreme body weight, were significantly linked to delayed awakening after general anesthesia. Conclusion: Although delayed emergence is an uncommon condition with a number of contributing causes, it is preventable, and once it has occurred, it presents a challenge for anesthetists.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1494389: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of the Effects of Thermal Management on Battery Life in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

We develop a simulation model that aims to evaluate the effect of thermal management on battery life. The model consists of two submodels: a thermal model and a battery degradation model. The temperature rise in the battery is calculated using the thermal model, and a temperature profile is obtained under pre-defined driving, charging and stand-by scenarios. The temperature profile and the energy requirement required to achieve a driving profile act as inputs to the degradation sub-model, which is used to predict the battery life. The degradation model is derived from models and test data available in literature, and the model is constructed for aircooled cylindrical LiFePO4 cells based on the Hymotion Prius-conversion configuration. Preliminary results suggest that peak temperatures have the greatest impact on degradation: Thermal management increases life substantially in climates with high peak temperatures (Pheonix) and for more aggressive driving cycles (US06), while thermal management has less influence in climates with lower peak temperatures (Miami) and with gentle driving cycles (UDDS). Use of cabin air vs. outside air for thermal management has minor impact on battery life for the control strategy used, but thermostat control settings are important for lowering peak temperatures and extending battery life

Topic: Advanced Battery Technologies Research
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Geology and Petrogenesis of Igneous Rocks from Batur Paleovolcano, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta: Evidence from their Textures, Mineralogy, and Major Elements Geochemistry

Batur paleovolcano is located in Wediombo Beach area, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta and is being part of Wuni Formation. Several volcanic products including lava flow, autoclastic breccia and volcanic breccia can be found associated with diorite intrusions. This research is aimed to characterize geological, mineralogical andgeochemical variations of igneous rocks from Batur paleovolcano to understand its petrogenesis. Detailed geological mapping with scale of 1:12,500 is conducted to identify geological aspects and delineate igneous rocks distributions. Igneous rocks and selected wall rocks samples were prepared for laboratory analysis including 8 samples for petrography and 5 samples for ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Several geochemical data from previous study are also added to investigate the geochemical variations. Geological condition of the research area consists of four rock units including colluvial deposit, limestone, andesite lava and diorite intrusion. Geological structures found are normal fault and shear joint where the main stress direction is north–south. Petrography analysis showed that igneous rocks in this research area consist of diorite intrusion and andesite lava with phorphyritic texture. Plagioclase become the most abundant minerals found both as phenocryst phase and groundmass. Hornblende only occur as phenocryst phase in minor amounts as accesory mineral. Major elementsgeochemistry analysis showed the rocks are characterized by intermediate silica with low alkali content. They are can be categorized as calc-alkaline series. However, some samples are fall into tholeiitic series. Major elements variation and textural study also indicate the magma is experienced differentiation process by fractional crystallization mechanism. This study suggests that igneous rocks from Batur paleovolcano is formed by two phases of formation. Earlier phase is the formation of andesite lava in island arc tholeiitic tectonic setting then at the later phase is formation of diorite intrusion in the calc-alkaline basalts tectonic setting.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Research for Suction Performance and its Similarity of Centrifugal Pumps : Studies of Cavitation Aspect and Suction Performance of Centrifugal Pumps, 5th Report

Past experiments of the effect of pump speed on the suction performance of a centrifugal pump, especally under such a grown cavitation condition as causes the pump head to drop are few. In the present research, suction performances of four centrifugal pumps were examined on wide rages of pump speed and discharge flow-rate, and the effects of pump speed on the suction performance at the incipient and grown cavitation conditions were investigated on the basis of using the law of similarity for suction performances of a centrifugal pump under various speeds, which was introduced in the preceding paper under the assumption that the flow in a pump keeps the geometrical similarity when the pump speed was changed. Then, the suction performances of test pumps were compared with each other and the effects of diverging degree of the cross-sectional area through the impeller passage on the suction performance were discussed.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Hearing loss in multiple sclerosis: clinical, electrophysiologic and radiological study].

Clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly heterogeneous. Deafness is considered to be rare. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of acute deafness in MS and to evaluate prognosis. The occurrence of acute deafness was systematically noted in a cohort of 400 consecutive clinically definite MS patients. Acute deafness was observed in 14 patients (3.5 p. cent) with a mean age of 28 years (15 to 48) and after a mean of 2.3 years (0 to 10) of disease duration. In all but two patients, deafness was associated with disease exacerbations, highly suggestive of infratentorial lesions. MRI showed hyperintensities in the pons or the midbrain in 11 cases. Deafness disappeared in all cases excepted for one patient. After a mean follow-up of 7.2 years (1 to 17), all the patients remain in the relapsing-remitting form of the disease with a mean EDSS of 2.4 (0 to 4.5). Acute deafness is observed in 3.5 p. cent of MS cases and occurs more frequently during the first years of the disease. Although follow-up of a larger cohort is necessary, deafness could be of good prognostic factor in MS.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumour-Derived Microvesicles as a Complementary Tool for Stratification of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has recently attracted attention for the use of PD-1/PD-L1 axis blocking agents, with durable activity reported only in a subset of patients. The most used biomarker for sensitivity to the PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade is tumour PD-L1 status by immunohistochemistry. However, patient stratification using this method suffers from intrinsic heterogeneity of OC, likely contributing to the unsatisfactory results obtained so far. Cells communicate with each other by releasing microvesicles (MVs) that carry parental cell surface features. Thus, we hypothesised that PD-L1+ tumour cells (TC) and infiltrating PD-L1+ leukocytes should shed MVs carrying surface PD-L1 that may serve as a proxy for the whole tumour PD-L1 status. Results: We showed for the first time the presence of measurable amounts of TC- and leukocyte-derived PD-L1+ MVs (range: 1.4–178.8 MVs/μL and 6.2–504.8 MVs/μL, respectively) in the plasma of high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) patients (n = 63), using a sensitive flow cytometry platform. The concentration of PD-L1+ MVs of either origin did not associate with the PD-L1 status of TCs and leukocytes in the tumour biopsies, suggesting that the circulating PD-L1+ MVs also included ones from locations not selected for immunohistochemistry analysis and represented the PD-L1 status of the whole tumour mass. In this study, we also describe the serendipitous discovery of circulating PD-L1+ MVs of platelet origin (10.3–2409.6 MVs/μL). Conclusions: The enumeration of circulating PD-L1+ MVs in HGSOC patients may provide a novel direction for assessing the tumour PD-L1 status and contribute to HGSOC patient stratification for immunotherapy interventions. The presence of circulating PD-L1+ MVs of platelet origin, a finding not yet reported in HGSOC patients, warrants further studies.

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of 10 mg and 15 mg oral procyclidine on critical flicker fusion threshold and cardiac functioning in healthy human subjects

The critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) is thought to index alertness and cortical arousal. Sedative drugs reduce CFFT while psychostimulants increase it. Procyclidine is an anticholinergic that is used to control the extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia. This study examined the effects of clinically relevant doses of oral procyclidine administration on CFFT and heart rate in two separate experiments (Experiment 1, drug dose: 10 mg, n = 16; Experiment 2, drug dose: 15 mg, n = 12) involving healthy subjects using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. 10 mg procyclidine had no significant effect on CFFT, heart rate or self-ratings of mood, but the 15 mg dose significantly lowered CFFT at 1 h and 2 h after procyclidine administration, increased drowsiness ratings and produced a drop in heart rate. The effects observed in this study may have implications for treatment compliance of schizophrenic patients, choice of antipsychotics, prescribing to patients with heart disease and monitoring of cardiac function under treatment. Further investigations are required to quantify the effects of procyclidine on CFFT and cardiac function in patients with schizophrenia.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Can Neutrophils Prevent Nosocomial Pneumonia after Serious Injury?

Nosocomial pneumonia is a leading cause of critical illness and mortality among seriously injured trauma patients. However, the link between injury and the development of nosocomial pneumonia is still not well recognized. Our work strongly suggests that mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), especially mitochondrial formyl peptides (mtFPs) released by tissue injury, play a significant role in developing nosocomial pneumonia after a serious injury. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils, PMN) migrate toward the injury site by detecting mtFPs through formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) to fight/contain bacterial infection and clean up debris. Activation of FPR1 by mtFPs enables PMN to reach the injury site; however, at the same time it leads to homo- and heterologous desensitization/internalization of chemokine receptors. Thus, PMN are not responsive to secondary infections, including those from bacteria-infected lungs. This may enable a progression of bacterial growth in the lungs and nosocomial pneumonia. We propose that the intratracheal application of exogenously isolated PMN may prevent pneumonia coupled with a serious injury.

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The biogeography of microbial N cycle guilds of the rye rhizosphere along a tillage erosion catena

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> Excessive fertilization and tillage erosion pose threats to food security and crop yields. A transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices may be advanced by harnessing ecosystem services provided by plant microbiomes. However, targeting microbiota at the agroecosystem scale necessitates bridging the gap to micro-scale structures of microbiomes. We hypothesized, that relevant changes of microbial N cycle guilds in the rhizosphere of rye align with a soil catena determined by tillage erosion. Aboveground patterns of crop biomass along such a catena persist in hummocky landscapes and are of practical relevance to farmers. <bold>Results</bold> The rhizosphere of the topsoil at four typical soils in an arable field grown with rye within the Quillow catchment (NE Germany) was sampled. The soils represent a complete tillage erosion gradient from an extremely eroded Calcaric Regosol over a strongly eroded Nudiargic Luvisol to a non-eroded Calcic Luvisol and colluvial Gleyic-Colluvic Regosols. Gene abundances characteristic of microbial N cycle guilds were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Distinct growth of rye plants along the catena was correlated with the nitrogen cycle functions of the rhizosphere microbiome based on multivariate analyses. Gene ratios describing differential denitrification potential of the microbiome differed significantly between soils. The <italic>norBC</italic> gene abundance was most strongly coupled to plant productivity, which is likely due to its involvement into multiple plant microbiome interactions besides denitrification. Genes associated with DNRA and diazotrophy prevailed at eroded soils. The eroded sites showed the lowest plant productivity and soil mineral N availability. Additionally, N limitation at the eroded sites was implied by the lowered <italic>gdh </italic>to<italic> glnA</italic> ratio and its association to plant productivity compared to the depositional site. <bold>Conclusions</bold> Thus, gradients in legacy of agricultural management such as tillage erosion capture substantial changes in rhizosphere microbiome functionality. These specific microbiome assembly patterns are a function of above ground in field-plant productivity patterns accessible by remote sensing. Thus, the interrelation of in-field crop biomass patterns and the rhizosphere microbiome opens up the opportunity to assess distribution patterns of plant microbiota functional distribution at scales relevant to agricultural production and agroecosystems functioning.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Red flag findings in children with headaches: Prevalence and association with emergency department neuroimaging

Background Clinicians appear to obtain emergent neuroimaging for children with headaches based on the presence of red flag findings. However, little data exists regarding the prevalence of these findings in emergency department populations, and whether the identification of red flag findings is associated with potentially unnecessary emergency department neuroimaging. Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of red flag findings and their association with neuroimaging in otherwise healthy children presenting with headaches to the emergency department. Our secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of emergent intracranial abnormalities in this population. Methods A prospective cohort study of otherwise healthy children 2–17 years of age presenting to an urban pediatric emergency department with non-traumatic headaches was undertaken. Emergency department physicians completed a standardized form to document headache descriptors and characteristics, associated symptoms, and physical and neurological exam findings. Children who did not receive emergency department neuroimaging received 4-month telephone follow-up. Outcomes included emergency department neuroimaging and the presence of emergent intracranial abnormalities. Results We enrolled 224 patients; 197 (87.9%) had at least one red flag finding on history. Several red flag findings were reported by more than a third of children, including: Headache waking from sleep (34.8%); headache present with or soon after waking (39.7%); or headaches increasing in frequency, duration and severity (40%, 33.1%, and 46.3%). Thirty-three percent of children received emergency department neuroimaging. The prevalence of emergent intracranial abnormalities was 1% (95% CI 0.1, 3.6). Abnormal neurological exam, extreme pain intensity of presenting headache, vomiting, and positional symptoms were independently associated with emergency department neuroimaging. Conclusions Red flag findings are common in children presenting with headaches to the emergency department. The presence of red flag findings is associated with emergency department neuroimaging, although the risk of emergent intracranial abnormalities is low. Many children with headaches may be receiving unnecessary neuroimaging due to the high prevalence of non-specific red flag findings.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Charge transfer through molecular junctions within Redfield theory: subtleties and pitfalls

Charge transfer through nanoscale junctions connecting metallic leads with quantum dots or single molecules is often described within an open system formulation in terms of Redfield theory. Under non-equilibrium conditions, the usually invoked rotating wave approximation is not justified which may lead to unphysical steady state solutions with e.g. negative populations. In this work we explore subtleties and constraints of the approach and thus clarify its applicability in numerical calculations. General findings are illustrated for an analytically solvable case of a molecule with two electronic states.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bifurcations and Exact Bounded Solutions of Some Traveling Wave Systems Determined by Integrable Nonlinear Oscillators with<i>q</i>-Degree Damping

For a class of nonlinear diffusion–convection–reaction equations, the corresponding traveling wave systems are well-known nonlinear oscillation type of systems. Under some parameter conditions, the first integrals of these nonlinear oscillators can be obtained. In this paper, the bifurcations, exact solutions and dynamical behavior of these nonlinear oscillators are studied by using methods of dynamical systems. Under some parametric conditions, exact explicit parametric representations of the monotonic and nonmonotonic kink and anti-kink wave solutions, as well as limit cycles, are obtained. Most important and interestingly, a new global bifurcation phenomenon of limit bifurcation is found: as a key parameter is varied, so that singular points (except the origin) disappear, a planar dynamical system can create a stable limit cycle.

Topic: Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transformation of Significant Wave Heights

A formula for transforming significant wave heights of wind seas between locations of differing depths is developed from the concept of the equilibrium range in the spectrum. The transformation is assumed valid for single‐peaked equilibrium wind seas which do not contain swell components. The method does not account for the effects of refraction, diffraction, or situations which may be fetch‐ or duration‐limited, therefore the method should not be applied when these effects may be dominant. The transformation is tested using 198 data pairs which seemed to fit the necessary criteria. The significant wave height at the shallower gage (8 m depth) was predicted using the measured significant wave height at the deeper gage (18 m depth). Comparisons between predicted and measured significant wave heights indicate that the wind sea transformation generally performs better than unrefracted shoaling of significant wave height using linear theory, but that underprediction occurs at longer wave periods.

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 1 of A nomogram for screening esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on environmental risk factors in a high-incidence area of China: a population-based case-control study

Additional file 1: Supplementary material. The questionnaire of upper gastrointestinal disease in Taixing, China.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
POST-OPERATIVE PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AS A MARKER FOR ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND WARNING OF LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF ITS RESECTION

The existing criteria of acute kidney injury assessment fail to identify kidney parenchyma damage of small severity and predict long-term outcomes of its resection. The aim of the research was to assess percentage reduction of glomerular filtration rate as a marker for acute kidney injury and functional outcome one year after surgery

Topic: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences