jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of In Vitro Lymphocyte Proliferations Induced by Cytomegalovirus-Infected Human Fibroblasts and Cell-Free Cytomegalovirus

In vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected human fetal fibroblasts (CMVFF) and cell-free CMV were measured by using lymphocytes from healthy donors. Lymphocytes from all seropositive donors were stimulated by CMVFF, whereas lymphocytes from negative donors were not. The optimal stimulator cell-to-lymphocyte ratio was in the range of 1:5 to 1:50, dependent on the virus dose used. LR to cell-free CMV was positive for 15 out of 18 seropositive donors and negative for 14 out of 16 seronegative donors. In most cases LR to CMVFF was considerably higher than LR to cell-free CMV. Within the CMV seropositive group there was no significant correlation between the LR to either CMVFF or cell-free CMV and the levels of antibodies to CMV early antigens or CMV late antigens. There was no strict correlation between LR to CMVFF and to cell-free CMV, especially not in tests with lymphocytes from two patients with CMV mononucleosis. Our data suggest that CMVFF and cell-free CMV are recognized (partly) by different subpopulations of CMV-specific memory lymphocytes. We conclude that the use of CMV-infected cells, in addition to cell-free CMV, in LR tests gives more reproducible and possibly also additional information about CMV-specific cellular immunity.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The antibacterial efficacy to obligate anaerobes isolated from the infected root canal of deciduous teeth]

TMJ osteoarthrosis(OA) is frequently seen in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinics.In order to investigate cellular and molecular basis of the pathogenesis of TMJOA,the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in synovial aspirates from different stages of TMJOA patients were determined and analysed.It was found that both of them were highly correlated with the severity of TMJOA(P<0.0001).A positive linear correlation was also found between IL-1 and IL-6(P<0.0001).The balance and imbalance between MMPs and TIMPS and the modulatory mechanism of cytokines were introduced and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of TMJOA were discussed.

Topic: Osteomyelitis and Bone Disorders Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antenatal Spontaneous Renal Forniceal Rupture Presenting as an Acute Abdomen

Background . Renal forniceal rupture is a lesser-known cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy. The ureteral compression by the gravid uterus places pregnant women at a higher risk. Sequelae in pregnancy could include intractable pain, acute kidney injury, and preterm birth. Case . A 22-year-old primigravida with no prior medical history presented with an acute abdomen in her second trimester. The diagnosis of renal forniceal rupture was made by a radiologist using MRI. A percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was placed, and the patient’s pain was relieved. She subsequently delivered at term. Conclusion . Upon presentation of an acute abdomen in pregnancy, providers may not include renal forniceal rupture in their differential as readily as obstetric or gynecologic causes, resulting in delayed diagnosis, unnecessary invasive interventions, and potentially adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Increasing provider awareness could result in improved outcomes.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Demographic and clinical features of extremity crush injuries resulting from entrapment under the rubble: An orthopedic perspective

<title>Abstract</title> Background: We aimed to contribute to the literature by reporting the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who suffered extremity crush injuries as a result of being trapped under rubble following the earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023. Methods: In total, 65 patients, including 33 females and 32 males, were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 32.2 ± 20.45 years. Patients were categorized into four treatment groups, including nonoperative (n = 13), fasciotomy/debridement (n = 20), fracture fixation (n = 5), and amputation (n = 27) groups. Demographic and clinical information were analyzed. Results: The lower extremities were the most frequently affected anatomical regions. Upon hospital admission, all patients exhibited significant elevations in serum potassium and creatinine kinase levels; however, these levels decreased significantly within 24 h of the initiation of operative or nonoperative treatment (p &lt; 0.05). The rate of crush syndrome development was 54%, 60%, and 59% in the nonoperative, fasciotomy/debridement, and amputation groups, respectively. Similarly, the rate of hemodialysis was 15%, 35%, and 22% in the nonoperative, fasciotomy/debridement, and amputation groups, respectively. The reoperation rate was 75% and 30% in the fasciotomy/debridement and amputation groups, respectively. Furthermore, the incidence of infection was 40% in fracture fixation group, 40% in the fasciotomy/debridement group, and 33% in the amputation group. The mortality rate was 5% in the fasciotomy/debridement group and 7% in the amputation group. The mean duration of hospitalization for all treatment groups was 10.9 ± 10.41 days, with the fasciotomy/debridement group having the longest duration of hospitalization (14.5 ± 9.8 days). Conclusion: During the acute treatment phase, a significant increase in crush syndrome and wound infection rates, accompanied by a greater need for hemodialysis and prolonged hospitalization, were frequently observed. We hypothesize that the findings of studies on earthquake-related experience could provide a reference for future investigations.

Topic: Sports injuries and prevention
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Temple administrative record, UT 1599-5

[Text Description:] Temple administrative record of a tax list, sheep and lambs. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-5 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Drehem ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Cuneiform, Non-Alphabetic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Small clay tablet, pinkish-orange color. LABEL: "1599" in black ink, "5" in red ink; color-matched paint over pre-existing number? Broken and repaired. 4 x 3.5cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reign of Shulgi, second dynastic king.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incidental Prostatic Paraganglia in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Paraganglia are an uncommon but previously reported finding in the genitourinary system. Recognition of this entity in the prostate is important in distinguishing it from prostatic adenocarcinoma. In this series, 1230 radical prostectomy specimens were examined for the presence of paraganglia, and a total of 57 cases (4.5%) were found to contain paraganglia. The majority of paraganglia were extraprostatic and could easily mimic extension of prostatic adenocarcinoma into extraprostatic tissue. It is important to recognize paraganglia, particularly when they are extraprostatic and could confer a falsely higher tumor stage to the patient. The paraganglia demonstrated characteristic histology, and immunohistochemistry was supportive when enough tissue was available. No association between patient age and frequency of paraganglia was found.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relative Bioavailability of Quinidine Gluconate and Quinidine Sulfate in Healthy Volunteers

A comparison of the bioavailability of quinidine sulfate to quinidine gluconate tablets in a single-dose randomized cross-over design with 20 healthy volunteers shows that the sulfate salt is more rapidly absorbed and provides significantly greater peak concentrations 1 hour after administration as compared to the peak levels achieved with the gluconate salt at approximately 5 hours after administration. When adjusted for the actual amount of quinidine contained in each tablet, there was no significant difference in the amount of quinidine bioavailable. Since quinidine gluconate absorption is significantly slower than quinidine sulfate, a combination of the two dosage forms may be utilized in providing the loading dose. Based on the computer modeling and the clinical data accumulated by this laboratory (unpublished) over the past four years, quinidine gluconate, in the dosage form utilized in this study, provides more constant blood levels with smaller differences between the Cpmax and Cpmin than the sulfate when administered every 6 or 8 hours. Further controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm these observations in patients.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 11 of A phylogenomic study of Steganinae fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae): strong gene tree heterogeneity and evidence for monophyly

Additional file 4: BUSCO_cleaning_pipeline.txt: shell pipeline for curating BUSCO results.

Topic: Insect behavior and control techniques
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Back-calculation and time of hyaline ring formation in the otoliths of the pilchard off South West Africa

The frequency of hyaline and opaque edges, back-calculation, and examination of otoliths bearing a natural tag were used to determine the time of ring formation for the pilchard off South West Africa. The extent of the error in the back-calculation method caused by seasonal variation in the relationship between otolith radius and fish length is assessed. The times at which hyaline rings were laid down between 1970 and 1981 are documented. Formation of hyaline rings is related to sea surface temperature (p < 0,001), prominent rings forming when the temperature is colder than the annual average. Generally, a prominent hyaline ring is formed in September and secondary rings in May and December.

Topic: Marine and fisheries research
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Integrative Modeling Approach to Estimating Volume of Generated Oil from Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation in Southern Iraq

Thermal maturity and petroleum generation capacity of the source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation were studied and evaluated via modeling the thermal maturation of ten wells in this study by using the Arrhenius equation for chemical reactions or (time-temperature index of thermal maturation). A thermal maturation map of the Sulaiy Formation shows that it a high maturity level increasing eastward; also, the geochemical analysis indicated suitable organic content in quantity and quality to generate hydrocarbons. The onset of oil migration from the Sulaiy Formation is calculated by this study to be at the end of Lower Eocene time (53 million years ago), and as it is a late hydrocarbon generation and migration; thus indicating mainly vertical migration paths. According to quantitative estimation, the oil generated and migrated vertically from the Sulaiy Formation towards the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Iraq estimated at 42.6 x 109 bbl. This study elevated the status of the Sulaiy Formation to a major source of oil tapped in the Lower Cetaceous reservoirs of southern Iraq.

Topic: Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Operation of the Modern Death Penalty in Africa

This chapter explores the operation of capital punishment in Africa in the present era. The erosion of the mandatory death penalty in favor of discretionary judicial sentencing has drastically lowered the number of death sentences passed by African courts. More transparent clemency procedures, automatic appellate review, improvements in conditions on death row, and the prohibition of extradition of prisoners to countries with the death penalty represent attempts to rationalize the death penalty after its misuse in the colonial and independence eras. Some challenges remain, including the crisis of legal aid for indigent criminal defendants and the practical barriers erected by the continent's linguistic, ethnic, and geographic diversity.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental studies of poisoning with ackee (Blighia sapida)

Experimental studies of poisoning with ackee (Blighia sapida) Get access K. Leigh Evans, L.R.C.P. & S. M.P.H., K. Leigh Evans, L.R.C.P. & S. M.P.H. Bacteriological and Pathological Laboratory, Government Medical Service, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. E. Arnold, M.D., C.M., D.P.H. L. E. Arnold, M.D., C.M., D.P.H. Bacteriological and Pathological Laboratory, Government Medical Service, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 32, Issue 3, 26 November 1938, Pages 355–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90050-1 Published: 26 November 1938

Topic: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Topology Optimization Of Continuum Two-Dimensional Structures Under Compliance And Stress Constraints.

This paper presents the problem of volume minimization of two-dimensional
continuous structures with compliance and stress constraints. Problems are solved by a
topology optimization technique, formulated as finding the best material distribution into the
design domain. Discretizing the geometry into simpler pieces and approximating the
displacement field, equilibrium equations are solved through the finite element method. A
material parametrization method is used to represent the fictitious constant material
distribution into each finite element. Sequential Linear Programming is used to solve the
optimization problem. For both compliance and stress constrained problems, an analytical
sensitivity analysis for elastic behavior is derived, and for this last problem, Von Mises
equivalent stress is the failure criteria considered. A first neighborhood filter was
implemented to minimize the effects of checkerboard patterns and mesh dependency, two
common problems associated to topology optimization. Stress constrained problems have a
further difficulty, the stress singularity, which may prevent the algorithm to reach a feasible
solution. To overcome this problem, the feasible domain is modified using a mathematical
perturbation technique, the epsilon-relaxation.

Topic: Topology Optimization in Engineering
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Streptomyces felleus YJ1: Potential Biocontrol Agents Against the Sclerotinia Stem Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Oilseed Rape

In order to explore the biocontrol potential of Streptomyces felleus YJ1 to sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape, we evaluated the effects of YJ1 as antagonistic strain on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, including germination and formation of sclerotia, ascospore germination, mycelial growth and YJ1 colonization ability. We found the fermentation filtrate of YJ1 could inhibit sclerotia and ascospore germination and mycelial growth. In dual culture the inhibition zone diameter of YJ1 against S. sclerotiorum was 11.0 mm, and the inhibition rate reached to 80.26%. The ascospores germination was also significantly inhibited by YJ1 fermentation filtrate. In addition, YJ1 could colonize stably in rhizosphere and roots of rape. Otherwise, in the greenhouse we found the lesion would become smaller and slighter if the inoculated leaves were pretreated with YJ1 fermentation liquid. Therefore, our results strongly suggested that YJ1 was a promising biocontrol agent for control of oilseed rape sclerotinia stem rot.

Topic: Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determinants of Immigrant Food Security: An Examination of the Food Environment in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario

This study aimed to explore the role of the food environment in shaping immigrants’ access to food and ultimately their health. A growing body of research is examining the influence of food environments—defined as everything outside of the individual that influences eating habits (Story, Kaphingst, Robinson-O’Brien, &amp; Glanz, 2008)—on the health of Canadians. The study is based on the premise that immigrants to Canada may be particularly vulnerable to factors in the environment that impact access to nutritious and affordable food, and thus to poor health and health inequities. The inquiry opens by examining food insecurity among recent immigrants. It asserts that the food environment might be an overlooked determinant of declining immigrant health over time in Canada. &#13;\nIn lieu of research examining the impact of the food environment on the health of immigrants in Canada, the literature review explores possible determinants of the food environment. Past research suggests that immigrants are vulnerable to barriers to food security in the food environment such as a lack of income due to limited employment opportunities. Immigrants also have key strenghts that can make them resilient to barriers in the food environment, such as social networks. This literature suggests a link between the food environment and food security and provides a sound rationale for this research. &#13;\nThe methodology is the case study, using a mixed methods approach which encompassed in-depth interviews and photovoice to elicit perceptions regarding food access. The interview sample consisted of nine immigrants, in addition to nine key informants (i.e., settlement service providers, policy-makers) in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. &#13;\nPrevalent themes in this study corroborate past research of the existence of economic barriers to food security for immigrants including limited employment opportunities for recent immigrants that can increase their purchasing power, the high cost of food, and the pervasive wide availability of unhealthy food in the Region of Waterloo. Two major theoretical contributions of this research are the application of a systems-based approach to food security and the examination of the role of the immigration experience as a social determinant of health. At the practice level, the findings indicated the need for collaboration and further coordination that can help stakeholders improve the food environment.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Nitrogen Balance in Urine‐affected Areas of a New Zealand Pasture<sup>1</sup>

Abstract The high rates of urine‐N deposited during grazing offers the potential for considerable N loss through volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the magnitude and pathways of N transformations and losses under warm, moist conditions. Urine was applied to 3‐m 2 plots in a ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pasture at 300 or 600 kg N/ha. These rates simulate the urine affected area of sheep and cattle, respectively. Ammonia volatilization, inorganic N in the soil profile, symbiotic nitrogen fixation (by acetylene reduction assay), and herbage N yields were measured over 53 days. Four days after application from 30 to 35% of the added N could not &amp; accounted for as either soil mineral N or volatilized NH 3 ‐N. Ammonia‐N evolution was rapid only for the first 2 days, and I5 to 18% of the N was volatilized as NH 3 . Profile NH 4 ‐N was completely nitrified by 21 days. Considerable amounts of the applied N was lost from the 0 to 45 cm profile by 53 days. Since rainfall and irrigation exceeded estimated evapotranspiration, leaching of NO 3 ‐N is the probable loss mechanism. The apparent recovery of N in herbage was 37 and 22% of that added. Acetylene reduction was substantially less in the urine‐treated swards. From 30 to 35% of the urine‐N was not accounted for as inorganic N early in the experiment; immobilization and rapid leaching of urine below 45 cm are probable loss mechanisms. The experiment indicated that in a warm, moist environment, typical of late spring‐early summer in New Zealand, more than half of the N in urine voided by sheep or cattle can be lost, and that an intensively grazed grass‐legume system is far from a closed system, or cycle, with respect to N.

Topic: Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dose-dependent effects of taurine against testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model

Objectives Testicular dysfunction has been associated with chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients. We investigated taurine’s possible mechanisms and protective effects against testicular damage using a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods Wistar rats ( N = 56) were divided into seven equal groups. Untreated control rats received saline, and treated control rats received taurine 50 mg/kg orally. To induce diabetes, rats received a single dose of streptozotocin. Metformin-treated diabetic rats received metformin at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Taurine-treated groups received 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg. All treatments were provided orally once a day for 9 weeks following the streptozotocin injection. Levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, testicular tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were examined. Sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and sperm abnormalities were examined. Body and relative reproductive gland weights were assessed. Histopathological examinations of the testes and epididymis were performed. Results Metformin as well as taurine (in a dose-dependent manner) resulted in significant improvements in body and relative reproductive gland weights, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and insulin levels, as well as cytokine and oxidative parameters. These findings were associated with significant improvement in sperm count, progressive sperm motility, sperm abnormalities, and histopathological lesions in the testes and epididymis. Conclusion Taurine can potentially improve hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and testicular damage associated with diabetes mellitus, possibly by controlling inflammation and oxidative stress.

Topic: Aldose Reductase and Taurine
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A replacement name for Tyrrhenia Ledoux &amp; Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebriini, genus Nebria)

Due to homonomy, the subgeneric name Tyrrhenia Ledoux &amp; Roux, 2005, is replaced by Tyrrhenebria nom. nov.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The New Troy - C. Vellay: Controversy autour de Troie. Pp. 177: illustrations. (Collection d'Études Anciennes.) Paris: ‘Les Belles Lettres’, 1936. Paper, 40 fr.

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Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences