jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Laparoscopic modified Girard myotomy and fundoplication for achalasia].

The standard surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia is improvement of the passage combined with antireflux repair. This paper describes the techniques of the laparoscopic modified Girard myotomy and fundoplication for achalasia. The laparoscopic modified Girard myotomy and fundoplication were performed through five upper abdominal trocars. A 10 cm myotomy extended 8 cm above the gastroesophageal junction and 2 cm below the gastroesophageal junction using an electric J-hook. Transverse sutures were placed on each side of the lower myotomy. The gastric fundus was covered with the upper myotomy with several sutures. Twenty-three patients were treated using this method. Excellent results were achieved. The laparoscopic modified Girard myotomy and fundoplication appear to provide effective treatment of achalasia with minimal invasion and rapid rehabilitation.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Distribution Phase of an Individual Accounts Reform of Social Security: The Potential Role for Private Sector Annuities

The debate over the merits of an individual accounts reform, focused hitherto on the accumulation phase of the pension cycle, needs to discuss the need for restrictions on withdrawals from individual accounts, and in particular their partial or complete annuitization. The policies that might govern withdrawals range from complete or near-complete laissez-faire to the compulsory annuitization of all of the funds in the form of a life annuity supplied by the government. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the basic questions that must be resolved to formulate a well worked-out policy for the distribution phase of an IA reform, assuming that such a reform is implemented.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Biometric conversion factors as a unifying platform for comparative assessment of invasive freshwater bivalves

Abstract Invasive bivalves continue to spread and negatively impact freshwater ecosystems worldwide. As different metrics for body size and biomass are frequently used within the literature to standardise bivalve‐related ecological impacts (e.g. respiration and filtration rates), the lack of broadly applicable conversion equations currently hinders reliable comparison across bivalve populations. To facilitate improved comparative assessment among studies originating from disparate geographical locations, we report body size and biomass conversion equations for six invasive freshwater bivalves (or species complex members) worldwide: Corbicula fluminea, C. largillierti , Dreissena bugensis, D. polymorpha , Limnoperna fortunei and Sinanodonta woodiana , and tested the reliability (i.e. precision and accuracy) of these equations. Body size (length, width and height) and biomass metrics of living‐weight (LW), wet‐weight (WW), dry‐weight (DW), dry shell‐weight (SW), shell free dry‐weight (SFDW) and ash‐free dry‐weight (AFDW) were collected from a total of 44 bivalve populations located in Asia, the Americas and Europe. Relationships between body size and individual biomass metrics, as well as proportional weight‐to‐weight conversion factors, were determined. For most species, although inherent variation existed between sampled populations, body size directional measurements were found to be good predictors of all biomass metrics (e.g. length to LW, WW, SW or DW: R 2 = 0.82–0.96), with moderate to high accuracy for mean absolute error (MAE): ±9.14%–24.19%. Similarly, narrow 95% confidence limits and low MAE were observed for most proportional biomass relationships, indicating high reliability for the calculated conversion factors (e.g. LW to AFDW; CI range: 0.7–2.0, MAE: ±0.7%–2.0%). Synthesis and applications . Our derived biomass prediction equations can be used to rapidly estimate the biologically active biomass of the assessed species, based on simpler biomass or body size measurements for a wide range of situations globally. This allows for the calculation of approximate average indicators that, when combined with density data, can be used to estimate biomass per geographical unit‐area and contribute to quantification of population‐level effects. These general equations will support meta‐analyses, and allow for comparative assessment of historic and contemporary data. Overall, these equations will enable conservation managers to better understand and predict ecological impacts of these bivalves.

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Observation of RNA polymerase clusters in a live zebrafish embryo

Data showing the distribution of RNA polymerase II with serine 5 phosphorylation in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the subunit 1 (Pol II Ser5P) in a live zebrafish embryo. Images were acquired by instant-SIM microscopy, Pol II Ser5P was marked by fluorescently labeled antibody fragments (Fab) provided by the laboratory of Hiroshi Kimura, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Data were processed using FIJI.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A study of the low‐frequency inertio‐gravity waves observed during the Pyrénées Experiment

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and interpret the onset of some well‐characterized transient inertio‐gravity waves, observed during the PYREX (Pyrénées Experiment) campaign. The data used are the high‐resolution soundings, launched every 6 hours on both sides of the ridge. In agreement with other observations made during the field campaign, certain among those soundings often show steady mountain waves. It appears that those waves are often transients and are followed by well‐characterized inertio‐gravity waves, propagating upward and downward from the level where the initial mountain waves are large. To interpret those observations, it is suggested that the observed inertio gravity waves result from the geostrophic adjustment of the large‐scale flow that follows the transit and eventually the breaking of the main mountain wave. This hypothesis is supported by an analytical calculation of inertio‐gravity waves emission from a momentum deposit that lasts a finite time. The spatial extent of this forcing are also finite, and its maximum amplitude is a fraction of the measured mountain drag.

Topic: Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Systematic Studies in Herbaceous Phyllanthus Spp. (Region: Tiruchirappalli District in India) and a Simple Key to Authenticate 'Bhumyamalaki' Complex Members

The taxonomic status of Phyllanthaceae and current systematic position is highlighted. In India, 12 herbaceous species of Phyllanthus have been identified and among them herbs referred to as Ã¢â‚¬ËœBhumyamalaki' complex has been extensively used as traditional medicine for various ailments. The medicinally important herb in this group is P. amarus Schum. &amp; Thonn. and is often adulterated with its allied species and hence a simple key to differentiate them is evolved as confusion exists in identification of these herbaceous species due to their similarity and close proximity. P. niruri L. is a native of New World and endemic to America and does not occur in India, although there are many publications in India claiming work on P. niruri L. Those reports are actually pertaining to investigations in Ã¢â‚¬Ëœniruri complexÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ but not on P. niruri L. Herbaceous Phyllanthus species found in Tiruchirappalli district has been recorded and their morphological and anatomical parameters were assessed and a simple key developed. SCAR Analysis for validating the identity of P. amarus is presented for authentication at molecular level. P. debilis, a coastal zone species is first reported from an inland area.\nKey words: Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus debilis, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Phyllanthus virgatus, Phyllanthus fraternus, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthaceae, Morphology, Taxonomic key, Herbal Authentication \nDhandayuthapani Kandavel et al. Systematic Studies in Herbaceous Phyllanthus Spp. (Region: Tiruchirappalli District in India) and a Simple Key to Authenticate 'Bhumyamalaki' Complex Members. J Phytol 3/2 (2011) 37-48.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Motion Sickness Prediction in Self-Driving Cars Using the 6DOF-SVC Model

Drivers who assign the driving task to a self-driving car switch to a passive role to work or enjoy leisure time like a traditional passenger. Consequently, the risk of developing motion sickness (MS) symptoms increases significantly. Adapting one's own driving behavior, e.g. by choosing an alternative route or decreasing the velocity, offers future intelligent vehicles a way to independently prevent MS. Accurate predictions help to improve journey's planning of the vehicle and make correct decisions so as to minimize disruption to the traffic flow. In the present study our contribution is as follow: We conduct two studies by focusing on real-world driving under self-driving conditions and induced MS symptoms in passengers. We simulated driving parameters of the conducted studies to extract simulated driving dynamics and contrasted them with recorded driving dynamics. A well-known model of MS, namely the six-degrees-of-freedom subjective vertical conflict model (6DOF-SVC model) was utilized to predict motion sickness incidence (MSI) for both studies. In order to do so, we implemented a customized Human-Vehicle-Model to map the car's dynamics to the head, which is crucial to apply the 6DOF-SVC model. We evaluated different Human-Vehicle-Model conditions and optimized the parameters of the 6DOF-SVC model to increase prediction accuracy in the case of our experiments. Note that our modeling approach enabled capture effects of missing visual anticipation and cognitive distraction that we present in our experiment. It is concluded that the 6DOF-SVC model is applicable in realistic driving scenarios as the ones used in our study.

Topic: Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Morphometric Study of Populations of the <i>Centaurea jacea</i> Complex (Asteraceae) in Belgium

Abstract: The Centaurea jacea aggregate is a polymorphic polyploid complex whose taxonomic treatment is still controversial. A numerical taxonomic approach was applied to 394 individuals of known ploidy level, from 19 populations, based on the main diagnostic characters proposed in earlier revisions. Populations from xeric grasslands were not considered. Principal Component Analysis shows that variation within the complex is continuous. UPGMA Cluster Analysis based on population means supports the recognition of three groups of populations. However, the limits between these groups are blurred to a considerable extent due to extensive within‐population polymorphism. It is argued that the Belgian populations of Centaurea jacea occurring in mesic grasslands should be treated as a single species, with three subspecies. The two extremes of the morphological gradient can be referred to as C. jacea subsp. jacea and C. jacea subsp. nigra, with C. jacea subsp. pratensis occupying an intermediate position. Most populations from Belgium are tetraploid, a diploid chromosome number being found only in populations of C. jacea subsp. nigra from the Ardennes massif. On average, diploids grow at higher altitude and on more acidic soils than tetraploids. Finally, a key to the three subspecies is provided.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Double-blind trial of sustained- release amitriptyline compared to severe depressive illness with viloxazine in moderate

SummaryA double-blind study was carried out in 50 in-patients suffering from depressive illness to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of viloxazine and sustained-release amitriptyline. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or other of the drugs over a period of 5 weeks. During the first week, patients received 50 mg viloxazine 3-times daily or 50 mg sustained-release amitriptyline as a single night dose. Dosages were then doubled and maintained at this level for the following 4 weeks unless reduction was necessary because of intolerance. A 'double-dummy' system was used because the two preparations could not be prepared in identical form. Both drugs were shown to be effective antidepressants, judged by reductions in the Hamilton and Beck rating scale scores and by global assessment of response, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments. Side-effects were mainly mild, bat moderate to severe intolerance was more common with viloxazine. Weight gain was a noticeable feature in the amitriptyline-treated group, whereas weight loss occurred with those on viloxazine.

Topic: Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Entrepreneurial community in Kansas City: From fragmented to collaborative?

A small set of metropolitan areas in the United States can be considered second-tier life sciences or technology regions. Kansas City is such an emerging second-tier region. The Kansas City metropolitan area was able to grow a small but specialized knowledge economy because of the presence of large firms and subsequent efforts to strengthen entrepreneurship. This paper presents data from twenty interviews conducted in the summer of 2012 with regional experts, venture capitalists, and entrepreneurs who have successfully raised risk capital.The analysis of Kansas City’s entrepreneurial community shows, first, that large firms’ role as incubators of entrepreneurial startup companies seems to have diminished, and that there are weak connections between existing large firms and entrepreneurial ventures. Second, entrepreneurial exits in the form of mergers and acquisitions have increased and a small number of cashed-out entrepreneurs are reinvesting their funds and becoming engaged. Yet this process seems to be still in its beginning stages. Third, the region’s entrepreneurial community does not exhibit strong networking and collaboration. Rather, entrepreneurial ventures and industry connections exist much like “islands of excellence” without strong interconnections. Fourth, although the availability of funding has increased, local entrepreneurs perceive the accessibility and availability of funds - and the capacity local venture investors bring to the table - as limiting factors. At the same time, while the number of investment groups has increased, the investor community is still fragmented and not well connected. Fifth, the energy and collective effort to improve the Kansas City entrepreneurial community has increased and strengthened significantly since 2006 when a similar study was conducted.Various groups and organizations have ensured a thickening of the entrepreneurial support infrastructure in the form of creation of incubators, establishment of financial incentives to invest in entrepreneurial ventures (i.e. angel tax credits), and the addition of effective mentoring and networking events. Yet the analysis of the data shows that Kansas City faces the drawbacks of a region characterized by organizational thinness in the form of weak endowment of firms and organizations that can fuel the entrepreneurial pipeline and a lack of interaction and networks among key members of the entrepreneurial community, which keeps the entrepreneurial economy fragmented. To overcome organizational thinness and fragmentation, this paper suggests focusing policy efforts on connecting key actors in the entrepreneurial economy such as existing large firms, entrepreneurial ventures, universities, and funding and mentoring organizations.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A reconfigurable 2D convolver for real-time SAR imaging

A novel architecture for real-time synthetic aperture radar signal processing that achieves real-time processing by using a recently proposed signum coded algorithm and time domain processing, is presented. New architecture is completely parallel and can be dynamically reconfigured in order to use different dimensions of data and filter matrices. A standard-cell VLSI implementation is presented and its performances are evaluated through circuit simulations.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predicting hemorrhagic transformation and its timing from maximum cerebral lesion diameter in nonlacunar ischemic strokes

Abstract Objectives We performed this retrospective cohort study to establish which factors are mostly indicative of the appearance of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and of its time course in a sample of nonlacunar ischemic strokes. Materials and Methods In 402 patients with nonlacunar ischemic stroke (75.0 ± 12.7 years, 192 male), clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging variables obtained during the first 3 days of hospitalization were compared between patients with and without HT at computer tomography scan. Results HT was documented in 129 patients (32.1%), including 36 with parenchymal hematoma (PH), after a median time of 6 days (range 1–27). Many variables were univariately associated with HT, but only 5 of them were confirmed in Cox regression (Hazard Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval): maximum cerebral lesion diameter (CLD) in cm (1.12, 1.06–1.18; p = .0001), hemoglobin in g/dl (1.16, 1.06–1.27; p = .002), blood glucose in mmol/L (1.10, 1.03–1.18; p = .007), prior anticoagulant therapy (1.82, 1.10–3.03; p = .02), and edema with mass effect (1.72, 1.08–2.75; p = .02). Thus, the most significant predictor was CLD. The overall risk of HT was minimum for CLD &lt; 2 cm (1.5%), intermediate for CLD ≥ 2 and &lt; 5 cm (22%), and maximum for CLD ≥ 5 cm (58%). The residual probability of having HT decreased progressively over time, and a simple formula is proposed to predict, from CLD in cm, when the probability of HT falls below 10%. Conclusions The main determinant of HT was CLD, a simple quantitative parameter that could prove useful, in particular, in deciding the timing of anticoagulation in cardioembolic stroke patients.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 2189: Subtype-specific epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer

Abstract Urinary bladder cancers (BLCA) are commonly diagnosed urologic malignancy in the United States. Muscle invasive BLCA is a morbid and expensive disease to treat, thus increased molecular understanding is necessary. BLCA has recently been characterized by their distinct expression of luminal and basal genes, which could be used to predict key clinical features such as disease progression and overall survival. Transcriptionally, FOXA1, GATA3, and PPARg have been shown to be essential for luminal subtype-specific gene regulation and subtype switching, while TP63, STAT3, and TFAP2 family members are critical for regulation of basal subtype specific genes. Despite these advances, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms and 3D chromatin architecture responsible for subtype-specific regulation in bladder cancer remains unknown. Here, we determined the genome-wide transcriptome, enhancer landscape, and transcription factor binding profiles (FOXA1 and GATA3) in luminal and basal subtypes of bladder cancers. Furthermore, we report the first-ever mapping of genome-wide chromatin interactions by Hi-C in both bladder cancer cell lines and primary patient tumors. We show that subtype-specific transcription is accompanied by specific open chromatin and epigenomic marks, at least partially driven by distinct TF binding at distal-enhancers of luminal and basal bladder cancers. Finally, we identified a novel clinically relevant transcriptional factor, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2), in luminal bladder cancers that regulates other subtype-specific genes and influences cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our work identifies a subtype-specific epigenomic and 3D genome structure in urinary bladder cancers and suggests a novel link between the circadian TF NPAS2 and a clinical bladder cancer subtype. Citation Format: Tejaswi Tejaswi, Baozhen Zhang, Qixuan Wang, Ye Hou, Qiushi Jin, Jie Xu, Hongbo Yang, Tingting Liu, David J. DeGraff, Feng Yue. Subtype-specific epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2189.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An enzyme immunoassay for measuring Escherichia coli pilus antigens.

Quantitative enzyme-linked antibody centrifuge (ELAC) assays have been developed for measuring Escherichia coli adhesion pilus antigens K99, K88, 987P and F41 in E. coli bacterins used for protecting newborn animals against neonatal enteric colibacillosis. The test consists of reacting an alkaline phosphatase conjugate of specific pilus antigen antibody directly with dilutions of the bacterin on test and a standard reference bacterin. Following incubation the unbound conjugate is removed by two centrifugation steps and the bacteria with bound conjugate are reacted with substrate. The optical density is measured at 405 nm. Unknown samples are compared to a standard bacterin known to develop sufficient immunity in sows to provide protective levels of passive maternal immunity to their piglets. A relative potency (RP) value is calculated and used for standardizing bacterial concentrates and for final potency testing. The advantages to be realized are: shortening of the test period, specificity, and reduction in test animal usage.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Closure to Discussion on “Interval Power Flow Analysis Using Linear Relaxation and Optimality-Based Bounds Tightening (OBBT) Methods”

Presents a closure to the discussion on the paper, "Interval Power Flow Analysis Using Linear Relaxation and Optimality-Based Bounds Tightening (OBBT) Methods".

Topic: Electric Power System Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences