jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rainfall‐induced consolidation and sealing effects on soil erodibility during concentrated runoff for loess‐derived topsoils

Abstract Flume experiments simulating concentrated runoff were carried out on remolded silt loam soil samples (0·36 × 0·09 × 0·09 m 3 ) to measure the effect of rainfall‐induced soil consolidation and soil surface sealing on soil erosion by concentrated flow for loess‐derived soils and to establish a relationship between soil erodibility and soil bulk density. Soil consolidation and sealing were simulated by successive simulated rainfall events (0–600 mm of cumulative rainfall) alternated by periods of drying. Soil detachment measurements were repeated for four different soil moisture contents (0·04, 0·14, 0·20 and 0·31 g g −1 ). Whereas no effect of soil consolidation and sealing is observed for critical flow shear stress ( τ cr ), soil erodibility (Kc) decreases exponentially with increasing cumulative rainfall depth. The erosion‐reducing effect of soil consolidation and sealing decreases with a decreasing soil moisture content prior to erosion due to slaking effects occurring during rapid wetting of the dry topsoil. After about 100 mm of rainfall, Kc attains its minimum value for all moisture conditions, corresponding to a reduction of about 70% compared with the initial Kc value for the moist soil samples and only a 10% reduction for the driest soil samples. The relationship estimating relative Kc values from soil moisture content and cumulative rainfall depth predicts Kc values measured on a gradually consolidating cropland field in the Belgian Loess Belt reasonably well (MEF = 0·54). Kc is also shown to decrease linearly with increasing soil bulk density for all moisture treatments, suggesting that the compaction of thalwegs where concentrated flow erosion often occurs might be an alternative soil erosion control measure in addition to grassed waterways and double drilling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics in Sliding Motions of Small Organelles in a Nitella Internodal Cell

Steady velocities of small organelles smoothly moving on chloroplasts in a Nitella internodal cell have been investigated at various temperatures. It has been found that variance in the velocities of the organelles changes in proportion to their average velocity, which has been first elucidated from the temperature dependence of the organelle's velocity. This result suggests that the generation process of the force due to the actin-myosin is a Poisson like stochastic one. Thus, we have discussed a stochastic model for the motion of the organelle with many myosin-like molecules and estimated the force to be 4.2×10 -12 N.

Topic: Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An outbreak of <i>Gynanisa maja</i> (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) larvae in the south‐eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe

Abstract The larvae of speckled emperor moths ( Gynanisa maja ) are important plant defoliators in savanna ecosystems of southern Africa and a valuable food resource for indigenous communities. Population explosions of G. maja larvae can negatively impact an area's primary productivity thereby altering herbivory patterns and associated ecosystem processes. Harvests of the larvae enhance socio‐economic livelihoods of local people by providing a source of protein and improving household incomes. We report on a population outbreak of G. maja larvae that occurred in south‐eastern Zimbabwe between December 2022 and January 2023 and discuss the ecological and social significance of the event. A total biomass weight of 5811 tons of G. maja larvae was estimated over the area of the outbreak and extensive defoliation was recorded in Colophospermum mopane trees. We could not associate the outbreak with any obvious environmental conditions and speculate that it may have been caused by subtle triggers that are not easily identified.

Topic: Entomological Studies and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cannabis Use Is Associated With Fewer Filled Opioid Prescriptions After Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures

The purpose of this study was to use a large claims database to determine if there is a difference in opioid use after operative intervention for proximal humerus fractures in patients with known cannabis use compared with those who do not report cannabis use. The PearlDiver database was queried to find all patients who underwent proximal humerus open reduction and internal fixation. A group of patients with reported cannabis use or dependence was matched to a cohort without known cannabis use. Between the two groups, differences in the number of opioid prescriptions filled in the postoperative period (within 3 days), the morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed in total and per day, and the number of opioid prescription refills were explored. There were 66,445 potential control patients compared with 1260 potential study patients. After conducting the propensity score match, a total of 1245 patients were included in each group. The patients in the cannabis group filled fewer opioid prescriptions ( P =.045) and were prescribed fewer total MMEs ( P =.044) in the first 3 days postoperatively. Results of this study indicate that patients who use cannabis products may use fewer opioids after proximal humerus open reduction and internal fixation. [ Orthopedics . 2024;47(3):147–151.]

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emotion recognition in autism spectrum condition during the COVID-19 pandemic

With the widespread use of masks in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand how emotion recognition is affected by partial face covering. Since individuals with autism spectrum condition often tend to look at the lower half of the face, they are likely to be particularly restricted in emotion recognition by people wearing masks, since they are now forced to look at the upper half of the face. This study compared the recognition of basic and complex emotions in individuals with and without autism spectrum condition, when faces were presented uncovered, with face masks, or with sunglasses. We also used eye tracking to examine group differences in gaze patterns during emotion recognition. Individuals with autism spectrum condition were less accurate at recognizing emotions in all three conditions. Averaged across the three stimulus types, individuals with autism spectrum condition had greater difficulty recognizing anger, fear, pride, and embarrassment than control group. There was no group difference in emotion recognition between the three conditions. However, compared to individuals without autism spectrum condition, there was no evidence of either gaze avoidance or preference for the mouth region. Our results suggest that emotion recognition is reduced in individuals with autism spectrum condition, but this is not due to differences in gaze patterns. Lay Abstract In the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing face masks became mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. However, they restrict the ability to recognize emotions to the upper part of the face. Since individuals with autism spectrum condition often tend to look at the lower half of the face, they may be particularly restricted in emotion recognition by people wearing masks, since they are now forced to look at the upper half of the face. The current study compared the recognition of facially expressed emotions between individuals with and without autism spectrum condition. Each photo was shown in three types, once uncovered, once with face mask, and once with sunglasses. Our results revealed a reduction in accuracy of individuals with autism spectrum condition at recognizing emotions in all three stimulus types and exhibited more difficulties distinguishing anger, fear, pride, and embarrassment. During the emotion recognition task, there was no difference in which facial areas the groups looked at. We did not find evidence that the disadvantages of individuals with autism spectrum condition in emotion recognition were due to looking at different areas of the face.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 1 of Identification of susceptibility loci for cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline Characteristics of the Hypertension Study Population. Table S2. Baseline Characteristics of the Diabetes Mellitus Study Population. Table S3. Baseline Characteristics of the Dyslipidemia Study Population. Figure S1. Quantile-quantile plots with genomic inflation values. Figure S2. Regional association plots for lead SNPs, A HTN-CAD B DM-IS C DM-CCD D DL-CAD E DL-CCD F DL-IS.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An evolution mean field equation system of initial mean consensus behaviour: A stability analysis

The purpose of this paper is to study an evolution (i.e., forward in time) mean field equation system of a dynamic game initial mean consensus model. In this model: (i) each agent has simple stochastic dynamics with inputs directly controlling its state's rate of change, and (ii) each agent seeks to minimize its individual long run average cost function involving a mean field coupling to the states of all other agents. The Evolution Mean Field (EMF) equation system of the continuum (i.e., as the population size N goes to infinity) version of this model consists of two coupled (forward in time) deterministic PDEs which are also coupled to a (spatially averaged) cost coupling function. The stationary equilibrium of the EMF equation system yields a mean-consensus behaviour in the system. The small perturbation stability of the EMF equation system around this stationary equilibrium solution is established. Hence, the EMF equation system provides a forward in time process which asymptotically in time converges to the stationary equilibrium solution from any given initial condition in a infinitesimal neighborhood of that equilibrium.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using phenothiazines derivatives associated with the red-orange LED against<i>staphylococcus aureus</i>

The objective of this study was to contribute to PDT development by researching alternative light sources using redorange LED light at doses of 2.4 e 4.8 J/cm<sup>2</sup> to evaluate the bactericidal effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using phenothiazinium dye (Toluidine blue O and methylene blue) at a low concentration of 1μg/mL on strain of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 23529) <i>in vitro</i>. For this research, tests were performed in triplicate and the samples were distributed into six test groups: (L<sub>-</sub>P<sub>-</sub>) Negative control (L1<sub>+</sub> P<sub>-</sub>) and (L2<sub>+</sub> P<sub>-</sub>) bacterial suspensions were irradiated with laser energy 2.4 and 4.8 J/cm<sup>2</sup> respectively in the absence of photosensitizer; (L1 <sub>+</sub> P<sub>+</sub>) and (L2 <sub>+</sub> P<sub>+</sub>) bacterial suspensions were irradiated with laser in the presence of 1&mu;g/ml of photosensitizer and finally (L<sub>-</sub>P<sub>+</sub>) bacterial suspensions only in the presence of phenothiazinium dye. Therefore, were analyzed the potential bactericidal PACT by counting of colony-forming units and analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey test, p&lt;0.05). The results demonstrated that comparing the LED group (L2 <sub>+</sub> P<sub>-</sub>) with negative control group, LED group (L1<sub>+</sub> P<sub>-</sub>) and photosensitizer group there was a statistically significant (p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) that the group treated only with LED (energy density of 4.8J/cm<sup>2</sup>) increased the average of CFU counts. The negative control group when compared to the groups submitted to PDT only showed a statistically significant reduction (p&lt;0.01) relative to the group (L2<sub>+</sub>P<sub>+</sub>) that showed a decrease in the number of CFU. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups submitted to PDT (L1<sub>+</sub>P<sub>+</sub> and L2<sub>+</sub>P<sub>+</sub>). Although the results of this study have shown a reduction in average number of colony forming units by the appropriate LED-dye treatment combination, it needs further investigation.

Topic: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Religious Authorities in the Military and Civilian Control

This article takes a step toward filling the gap in the scholarly literature by examining the impact of religious intervention in the military on civil-military relations. Using the case of Israel, I argue that although the subordination of the Israeli military to elected civilians has remained intact, and the supreme command has been mostly secular, external religious authorities operate within the formal chain of command and in tandem with the formal authorities, managing the military affairs. This religious influence is apparent in three major domains: (1) the theological influence on military deployment, (2) the exclusion of women from equal participation in military service, and (3) the role expansion of the Military Rabbinate as a quasi-state agency and its reflection in the socialization of secular soldiers and the development of alternative military ethics. Consequently, extra-institutional control of the military is at work.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Renal Tubular Damage Evaluation through Enzyme Change Monitoring after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

To evaluate a possible onset of “biological effects” following ESWL lithotripsy, the Authors measured urinary excretion levels of two enzymes, NAG and GGT. In fact, a rise in the levels of these enzymes is regarded as an early and sensitive sign of renal injury. Fourteen patients with no complicated renal lithiasis were selected; the enzymatic levels before and after a single treatment with Lithostar Plus, a lithotriptor supplied with an electromagnetic impact wave generator, were measured. The results show that a single treatment doesn't produce any significant variation in their excretion. These results were discussed and their significance analysed. Probably, they could be explained by the lower pressure produced in the focal area by the impact wave, due to an electromagnetic generator.

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Orthogonal decomposition of the currents in a 3-phase nonlinear asymmetrical circuit with a nonsinusoidal voltage source

The concept of orthogonal decomposition of the current in a nonlinear single-phase circuit, with a nonsinusoidal voltage source, into the active, the scattered, the reactive, and the generated component is extended in this paper to 3-phase asymmetrical circuits. It is shown that the source current in such a circuit can be decomposed into five orthogonal components which depend on distinctively different phenomena. Four of them have the same meaning as in the single-phase circuit, with only a change in their mathematical characterization. An additional orthogonal component appears in the source current due to the load asymmetry. © 1988 IEEE

Topic: Electric Power Systems and Control
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Molecular Architecture of Sulfobutyl Ether β-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles on Physicochemical Properties of Complexes with Moxifloxacin

A method has been developed for nanoparticles synthesis based on oligomers of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and their structure has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of "guest−host" inclusion complexes formed by SBE-β-CD and its oligomers with moxifloxacin have been investigated. It has been shown that, as compared with SBE-β-CD, the synthesized oligomers have an increased affinity for moxifloxacin: the dissociation constants for the complexes of monomeric and oligomeric SBE-β-CD are (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10−4 and nearly 5 × 10−6 M, respectively. The binding efficiency increases due to the multy-point interaction of a moxifloxacin molecule with functional groups of the oligomeric carrier. SBE-β-CD oligomers are promising carriers for drugs, in particular, fluoroquinolone-based antibacterial agents, and may be used for the development of new compositions with improved solubility, bioavailability, and prolonged drug release.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
[Clinical case of the month. Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery].

Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery is a benign condition, probably of malformative origin, and frequently appearing in infancy. Its symptomatology can be very polymorphic. Its diagnosis is suspected by ultrasonography and computed tomography, and definitely confirmed by pathology. About a recent case of cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery diagnosed and operated on at the university hospital of Liège in an adult patient, the authors review its classification and its therapeutic strategy. Surgical resection is indicated in symptomatic cystic lymphangioma.

Topic: Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
24-Epibrassinolide from Gypsophila perfoliata

Abstract The scarce 24-epibrassinolide could be identified from seeds of Gypsophila perfoliata L. by GC/MS as the only brassinosteroid present. Furthermore, the Δ 7 -phyto-sterols ergost-7-en-3β-ol, spinasterol and 22-dihydro-spinasterol were found as main sterols in the same plant material.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ICONE15-10846 EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF CONCEPT OF A ROTATING FLUIDIZED BED IN A STATIC GEOMETRY

The new concept of a rotating fluidized bed in a static geometry is presented (de Broqueville, 2004) and experimentally proven. The rotating motion of the particle bed and the tangential fluidization are obtained by the tangential injection of the fluidization gas via multiple gas inlet slots. The solids experience a radially outwards centrifugal force. The gas, on the other hand, is forced to move radially inwards towards a chimney with one or more outlet slots, fluidizing the solids radially. Using one and the same non-optimized fluidization chamber design, the fluidization behavior with both large-diameter, lowdensity, polymer particles and small-diameter, higherdensity, Alumina particles has been investigated. The new concept opens perspectives for fluidized bed nuclear reactor technology. With conventional fluidized bed technology, the maximum attainable power is rather limited and maximum at a certain gas flow rate. Using a rotating fluidized bed in a static geometry, the fluidization gas drives both the centrifugal force and the counteracting radial gassolid drag force in a similar way. This allows operating the reactor at any chosen solids hold-up / density over a much wider gas flow rate range and in particular at much higher gas flow rates than with conventional fluidized bed technology, offering increased flexibility with respect to cooling. The combination of dense operation and high gas flow rates allows process intensification and a more compact reactor design.

Topic: Granular flow and fluidized beds
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants

Significance Sialic acid (Sia) residues are essential monosaccharides in mammals and confer multiple biological functions. Their precise generation is important for both structure–function studies and biotechnological applications. We describe a unique technology that enables the controlled generation of protein sialylation in Nicotiana benthamiana . The plant engineering approach relies on a combination of endogenous glycan deconstruction and the introduction of human sialylation capabilities. An arrangement of transgenic and transient expression modules resulted in the targeted synthesis of Sia structures in three different linkage types, reaching a polymerization degree exceeding 40 residues (polySia). Importantly, the obtained functional activities of polySia point to novel biotherapeutic applications. Our results highlight the exceptional flexibility of the plant-based expression platform for engineering complex posttranslational protein modifications.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the history of selection of ivy cultivars. III

New cultivars of ivy are obtained only by identifying, selecting, and stabilizing vegetative mutations — sports. Historically, ivy cultivars form a linear sequence in which each given cultivar is preceded by one mother cultivar. However, along with morphologically new mutations, «old» mutations with already known combinations of traits may reappear in some cultivars, including repeated mutations with traits of the mother cultivar and mutations with traits of the daughter cultivar. When studying repeated mutations, in some cases it becomes possible to determine the origin of the cultivars. Recognition of repeated mutations with characteristics of a mother or daughter cultivars is based on the comparison of historical data related to the first mention, original description, or registration of the corresponding cultivars. Using this approach, previously unknown mother cultivars were identified in three Hedera helix cultivars: ‘Spear Point’ – in ‘Jessica’, ‘Jubilee’ – in ‘Adam’, ‘Blue Moon’ – in ‘Colin’. For the first time, a gradual sport formation extended over years has been described, when the sport is stabilized after the passage of unstable transitional forms. The obtained data contribute to the history of the selection of ivy cultivars, which is replete with gaps, and they also afford to expand our understanding of the changes in characteristics that occur during sports formation in ivy. Moreover, they provide additional opportunities for studying the patterns of evolutionary morphogenesis under artificial selection.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protection of preconditioning, postconditioning and combined therapy against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

I-pre, I-post and combined therapy of I-pre and I-post have protective effect against hepatic I/R injury, which is correlated with its function of reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, maintaining the activities of antioxidant systems and suppressing neutrophils recruitment. No additive effect can be obtained in Group E.

Topic: Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences