jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Evolutionary Algorithm Based on 2-Opt Local Search to Solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Private Fleet and Common Carrier

Mismanagement of routing and deliveries between sites of the same company or toward external sites leads to consequences in the cost of transport. When shipping alternatives exist, the selection of the appropriate shipping alternative (mode) for each shipment may result in significant cost savings. In this paper, the authors examine a class of vehicle routing in which a fixed internal fleet is available at the warehouse in the presence of an external transporter. The authors describe hybrid Iterated Density Estimation Evolutionary Algorithm with 2-opt local search to determine the specific assignment of each tour to a private vehicle (internal fleet) or an outside carrier (external fleet). Experimental results show that this method is effective, allowing the discovery of new best solutions for well-known benchmarks.

Topic: Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of smart CFRP composites embedded with FBG sensors

A FBG embedded smart composite material, which is capable of measuring temperature and strain beyond the loading bearing missions, has been developed using hot pressing technology. The asymmetric loading induced birefringence which affects the wavelength identification of the embedded FBG has been mitigated by recoating epoxy resin on the grating section. To determine the optimal recoating thickness, finite element simulations have been performed. The simulation results indicate that the recoated epoxy resin can balance the vertical stress and the transversal stress effectively and optimal thickness is around 0.175mm. Additionally, experiments have been conducted to verify the performances of the developed smart composite material. The temperature experiment demonstrates that the smart composite has good linearity in the temperature range of 15-120D. And the static bending test indicates the sensitivities of the embedded FBG with an angle of 0°, 45° and 90° are 33.5pm/kg, 15.7pm/kg and 2.1pm/kg, respectively.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glucocorticoids induce focus formation and increase sarcoma viral expression in a mink cell line that contains a murine sarcoma viral genome

Dexamethasone (3 X 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-6) M) induced foci of morphologically transformed cells in a small proportion of a mink cell line that contains the Moloney murine sarcoma viral genome (S+L-). The induction was glucocorticoid specific, since other steroids with glucocorticoid activity (prednisolone, cortisol, and aldosterone) induced foci with an efficiency that paralleled their glucocorticoid activity, and steroids lacking glucocorticoid activity (17B-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) failed to induce foci. Viral antigen, as measured by specific immunofluorescence, was localized to the foci. The induction of foci by dexamethasone (3 X 10(-7)) was accompanied by an approximately 10-fold increase in intracellular Moloney murine sarcoma virus-specific RNA and viral p30 antigen. Removal of dexamethasone was followed by the disappearance of foci and a decrease in viral RNA and p30. In this cell system, therefore, glucocorticoids can affect the intracellular levels of type C viral RNA and protein.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
NARROWING FOREIGN AFFAIRS NON-JUSTICIABILITY

Abstract The UK Supreme Court's decision in Belhaj v Straw defined foreign affairs non-justiciability and unearthed its constitutional foundations. However, two decisions since Belhaj—High Commissioner for Pakistan v Prince Muffakham Jah and The Law Debenture Trust Corpn plc v Ukraine —have called Belhaj into doubt, narrowing non-justiciability to give effect to ordinary private law rights. This article analyses these decisions and argues that their general approach of subjecting issues involving transactions between sovereign States to private international law's framework is desirable, because the constitutional foundations of non-justiciability identified in Belhaj are shaky. Yet, it is suggested that private international law itself may require courts to exercise judicial restraint on these issues, given its goal of upholding the efficient resolution of international disputes in appropriate fora.

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Defective Human Motion Perception in Cervical Dystonia Correlates With Coexisting Tremor

ABSTRACT Background The ability to predict temporal outcome of body movement is abnormal in idiopathic dystonia and can be altered by cerebellar neuromodulation. Tremor in cervical dystonia might be associated with performance on motion perception tasks. Methods A total of 15 cervical dystonia patients with and 14 without tremor and 15 age‐matched healthy participants estimated the termination of videos showing different movements (handwriting a sentence, ball reaching a target) after these were darkened at different time intervals. Results Cervical dystonia patients with tremor exhibited greater absolute timing error across all intervals of the hand motion task (group × task interaction effect, F 2,41 = 4.57; P = 0.016). The percentage of responses in anticipation for both motion tasks did not differ across groups, suggesting lack of timing error directionality. Conclusions Temporal processing of perceived motion in cervical dystonia is associated with the presence of tremor. Cortico‐cerebellar network abnormalities in cervical dystonia might account for motion processing changes in these patients. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Snake Venom PLA<sub><b>2</b></sub>s Inhibitors Isolated from Brazilian Plants: Synthetic and Natural Molecules

Ophidian envenomation is an important health problem in Brazil and other South American countries. In folk medicine, especially in developing countries, several vegetal species are employed for the treatment of snakebites in communities that lack prompt access to serum therapy. However, the identification and characterization of the effects of several new plants or their isolated compounds, which are able to inhibit the activities of snake venom, are extremely important and such studies are imperative. Snake venom contains several organic and inorganic compounds; phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 s) are one of the principal toxic components of venom. PLA 2 s display a wide variety of pharmacological activities, such as neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, anticoagulant, hemorrhagic, and edema-inducing effects. PLA 2 inhibition is of pharmacological and therapeutic interests as these enzymes are involved in several inflammatory diseases. This review describes the results of several studies of plant extracts and their isolated active principles, when used against crude snake venoms or their toxic fractions. Isolated inhibitors, such as steroids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, are able to inhibit PLA 2 s from different snake venoms. The design of specific inhibitors of PLA 2 s might help in the development of new pharmaceutical drugs, more specific antivenom, or even as alternative approaches for treating snakebites.

Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Salmonella Typhimurium Infection In Mice Treated With Niridazole

SUMMARY Groups of mice were infected with two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Those infected with the less virulent strain no. 8 were treated with niridazole in doses of 200 or 600 mg per kg. Those infected with strain no. 12 received either 100 or 400 mg per kg. Compared with non-treated control mice the treated groups showed significantly higher numbers of survivors. In the group infected with strain no. 8 no difference was found in the incidence of survivors between the 200 and 600 mg per kg treatment groups. Such a difference was noted, however, in the case of strain no. 12 between the 100 and 400 mg per kg groups. Bacterial counts of spleens of survivors showed that treatment with niridazole significantly reduced the numbers of bacteria as compared with control mice. In-vitro testing with impregnated disks was found to be effective in determining sensitivity of salmonella strains. Of 212 strains of S. typhi 178 gave zone sizes of 13 mm or greater. Of 77 other miscellaneous salmonella strains 67 had zone sizes of this order. It is essential that disk tests be done with freshly prepared niridazole solutions. It is suggested that niridazole may be worthy of trial in cases of chronic salmonellosis that are unaffected by chloramphenicol and ampicillin. It may also be worth while to evaluate its use in chronic enteric carriers.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sea urchin genes expressed in activated coelomocytes are identified by expressed sequence tags (ESTs): complement homologues and other putative immune response genes suggest immune system homology within the deuterostomes

To identify some of the genes expressed in LPS-activated coelomocytes, we sequenced randomly chosen clones from a directionally constructed cDNA library to produce a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Deduced amino acid sequences from 307 ESTs were compared with known protein sequences in GenBank, and significant matches to approximately 30 % of the clones were identified. Eighty-nine clones matched to 55 different proteins, including several putative immune effector proteins. In this work, we show the first identification of an invertebrate homologue of a vertebrate C component. Another EST matches to several short consensus repeats that are characteristic of a variety of proteins, including CR/regulatory proteins and clotting factors. Additional putative immune effector genes include 1) a Kazal-type protease inhibitor that may function to inactivate bacterial proteases, 2) a C-type lectin similar to echinoidin, and 3) a serine protease with similarities to thrombin, elastase, haptoglobin, and plasmin. Other EST categories include 1) cell surface proteins and receptors, 2) proteins involved in signaling systems, 3) lysosomal and secreted proteins, 4) cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal modifying proteins, 5) general cell function proteins, 6) proteins with unknown function, and 7) ESTs without significant matches, 25 with open reading frames. Many of the ESTs identified in this study represent the types of genes expected to be used in lower deuterostome immune functions. The

Topic: Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Adaptive Radar Detection in Doubly Nonstationary Autoregressive Doppler Spread Clutter

The problem of adaptive radar detection in clutter which is nonstationary both in slow and fast time is addressed. Nonstationarity within a coherent processing interval (CPI) often precludes target detection because of the masking induced by Doppler spreading of the clutter. Across range bins (i.e., fast time), nonstationarity severely limits the amount of training data available to estimate the noise covariance matrix required for adaptive detection. Such difficult clutter conditions are not uncommon in complex multipath propagation conditions where path lengths can change abruptly in dynamic scenarios. To mitigate nonstationary Doppler spread clutter, an approximation to the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector is presented wherein the CPI from the hypothesized target range is used for both clutter estimation and target detection. To overcome the lack of training data, a modified time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) model is assumed for the clutter return. In particular, maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the TVAR parameters, computed from a single snapshot of data, are used in a GLRT for detecting stationary targets in possibly abruptly nonstationary clutter. The GLRT is compared with three alternative methods including a conceptually simpler ad hoc approach based on extrapolation of quasi-stationary data segments. Detection performance is assessed using simulated targets in both synthetically-generated and real radar clutter. Results suggest the proposed GLRT with TVAR clutter modeling can provide between 5-8 dB improvement in signal-to-clutter plus noise ratio (SCNR) when compared with the conventional methods.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria From Fruit Bat (<i>Chironax melanocephalus</i>)

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health issues in the world which is commonly attributed to the overuse of antibiotics whether in human or animal treatment.The dispersion of antibiotic resistance genes not only found in bacteria from the clinical sample but also found in wildlife animals.Therefore, the aim of this research is to isolate, identify and perform antibiotic resistance assay in bacterial isolates from fruit bat Chironax melanocephalus.Animal samples were taken by using a mist net installed in one of the spots in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS).Bacteria sample was taken using an oral and rectal swab.The bacteria were then isolated in the laboratory by using xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar medium.There were two bacteria successfully isolated and identified using 16s rDNA amplification.The identification was performed by comparing the 16s rDNA genes to the two online databases i.e BLAST-N in Genebank and 16s-Based ID in the EzBioCloud database.According to the identification results, isolate 4A.1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis while isolate 5.B.2 is identified as Serratia marcescens.Then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method using four different antibiotics disk i.e oxacillin, cefoxitin, amikacin and amoxicillinclavulanic acid.The resistance profile of each bacteria is different between P. mirabilis and S. marcescens in each antibiotic.However, all isolates were found susceptible against amikacin 30 µg.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Parous rate and longevity of anophelines mosquitoes in bure district, northwestern Ethiopia

The intensity of malaria transmission is measured by parous rate, daily survival rate, human blood meal frequency, sporozoite rate, and entomological inoculation rates. Female parous status is a key index of vector competence, adult vector longevity, recruitment rate of adult, and the length of a gonotrophic cycle. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the parous rate and the longevity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Bure District, Northwestern Ethiopia. Parous rate was estimated as the number of mosquitoes with parous ovaries divided by the number of females dissected multiplied by 100. Mosquito life expectancy (longevity as d) was estimated by. One way- ANOVA was applied to confirm the presence of parous rate difference in the villages (p < 0.05). A total of 952 unfed hosts-seeking Anopheles mosquitoes was dissected for parous rate determination. The overall parous rate of An. arabiensis in the district was 52.0%, and the highest parous rate was recorded in Shnebekuma than other villages (F 2, 33 = 6.974; p = 0.003). Similarly, the parous rate of An. cinereus showed significant variation among villages (F 2, 33 = 5.044, p = 0.012) and the highest rate (63.0%) was recorded in Bukta. The mean longevity of An. funestus, An. arabiensis, An. coustani, An. squamosus, An. pharoensis, and An. cinereus was 6.5 days, 4.6 days, 3.5 days, 3.7 days, 2.7 days, and 2.2 days, respectively. The longevity of each species was not sufficient to complete the life cycle of malaria parasite for malaria transmission throughout the year because P. falciparum requires from 12-14 day.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Compound Isolated from Phyllanthus tenellus Demonstrates Metabolic and Vascular Effects In Vitro

Abstract Common chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes are increasingly associated to metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Although Phyllanthus tenellus leaves have been used in decoctions as a popular remedy to control blood glucose levels and hypertension, its use needs a scientific basis. This study was therefore undertaken to report a phytochemical analysis of P. tenellus leaves and to test if the main active compound has potential to simultaneously tackle several pathophysiological features of metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related metabolic and vascular disorders such as hyperglycaemia, increased platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction. We performed a partition of the methanolic extract of P. tenellus leaves among different organic solvents followed by chromatographic separation guided by the rat liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase assay. Two known tannins were identified by spectroscopic methods as pinocembrin-7-O-[3″-O-galloyl-4″,6″-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-α-D-glucose, named P7OG by us, and gemin D. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was based on spectral data. The ability of the main active component, P7OG, to inhibit human platelet aggregation and to modify vascular reactivity of rat aortic rings incubated with high glucose (D-glucose 55 mM) was then evaluated. P7OG was further able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5′-diphosphate and collagen, showed vasorelaxant effects in arteries precontracted with phenylephrine, and reverted the endothelium-dependent impairment effect of high glucose in rat aortic rings. In conclusion, one tannin isolated from P. tenellus showed promising metabolic, antiaggregant, and vascular effects, which suggests the potential beneficial use of P. tenellus to tackle complex cardiometabolic diseases.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of the efficacy of a bivalent inactivated whole-cell vaccine against Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Bacterial co-infections constrain tilapia aquaculture. We evaluated the efficacy of an adjuvant-free, formalin-inactivated bivalent whole-cell vaccine combining Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum in Nile tilapia. Fish received the bivalent formulation, matched monovalent vaccines, or phosphate-buffered saline. Systemic and skin-mucus immunoglobulin M levels were quantified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum and mucus bactericidal activity were assessed at 1, 7, 14, and 21-days post-vaccination. At 21 days post-vaccination, fish were challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda or V. anguillarum, or both. By 14–21 days post-vaccination, the bivalent vaccine induced strong systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin M responses and increased bactericidal activity; across readouts, responses were significantly greater than (p < 0.05) or equal to (p > 0.05) the corresponding monovalent vaccine. After challenge with E. tarda, 21-day post-challenge survival was higher in the bivalent (54.17%, Relative Percent Survival = 38.9%) than in the monovalent (29.17%) or control (25.00%) group (both p < 0.05). After V. anguillarum challenge, survival was similar in the bivalent (87.50%, Relative Percent Survival = 78.6%) and monovalent (75.00%) groups (p > 0.05), both of which showed greater survival than the control (41.67%) (p < 0.05). After mixed E. tarda + V. anguillarum challenge, survival was significantly higher (50.00%, Relative Percent Survival = 47.8%) in the bivalent group than in the control group (4.17%) (p < 0.05). No acute adverse reactions or behavioral abnormalities were observed. These findings indicate that an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine elicits robust mid- to late-phase humoral responses and provides broad protection without evidence of antigenic interference, supporting a practical polyvalent strategy where E. tarda and V. anguillarum co-circulate.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of digital transformation on the work of the Algerian local administration during the Corona-Covid 19 Pandemic

During the Corona-Covid 19 pandemic, the digitalization of Algeria's administrative management system led to rapid and significant changes, including in the local administration, in order to preserve citizens' health. As in other countries, the Algerian government adheres to a health protocol that requires quarantine and social distancing. To maintain continuity in public service performance, the health protocal forced the public administration, including local administration, to perform digitization and distant work. Finally, we conclude that the rapid digital transformation of the work of the local administration, despite its shortcomings, has achieved a great deal of satisfaction and met the general needs of the citizen, not to mention its effective contribution to maintaining public health.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of the Predicted Number of HIV/AIDS Spreads in Sidoarjo Regency using Multiple Linear Regression Method

The Office of Communication and Information of East Java Province, which includes Sidoarjo Regency, is one of the data sources used to determine the fourth-highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to forecast an annual increase in the number of HIV/AIDS patients in Sidoarjo Regency. The Sidoarjo District Health Office is the private source of data used in this study. The information utilized spans the years 2020–2022, and it contains attributes with projected results of positive HIV/AIDS patients. The estimated number for 2023 is 795,667; for 2024, it is 934,167; and for 2025, it is 1072,667. Because there are numerous attribute data sets obtained, quick miner processes the data using multiple linear regression as the chosen approach. The root mean squared error (RSME) validation test yielded a performance score of 0.816 for the multiple linear regression model, indicating that a smaller prediction result indicates greater validity.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Deconstructing Merge and Move to Make Room for Adjunction

Abstract This paper explores the syntactic and semantic properties of movement and adjunction and proposes a new analysis of these two phenomena according to which they are closely related to each other. The basic pieces of grammatical machinery that carry out movement also carry out adjunction. Building on independently appealing ideas concerning neo‐Davidsonian semantic composition and “move as re‐merge,” the proposed framework naturally accounts for (i) adjuncts' puzzling status “either inside or outside” a maximal projection, (ii) adjuncts' ability to escape reconstruction, and (iii) the prohibition on extraction from adjuncts.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences