jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fault Tolerance Analysis of L1 Adaptive Control System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Trajectory tracking is a critical element for the better functionality of autonomous vehicles. The main objective of this research study was to implement and analyze L1 adaptive control laws for autonomous flight under normal and upset flight conditions. The West Virginia University (WVU) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight simulation environment was used for this purpose. A comparison study between the L1 adaptive controller and a baseline conventional controller, which relies on position, proportional, and integral compensation, has been performed for a reduced size jet aircraft, the WVU YF-22. Special attention was given to the performance of the proposed control laws in the presence of abnormal conditions. The abnormal conditions considered are locked actuators (stabilator, aileron, and rudder) and excessive turbulence. Several levels of abnormal condition severity have been considered. The performance of the control laws was assessed over different-shape commanded trajectories. A set of comprehensive evaluation metrics was defined and used to analyze the performance of autonomous flight control laws in terms of control activity and trajectory tracking errors. The developed L1 adaptive control laws are supported by theoretical stability guarantees. The simulation results show that L1 adaptive output feedback controller achieves better trajectory tracking with lower level of control actuation as compared to the baseline linear controller under nominal and abnormal conditions.

Topic: Guidance and Control Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Functional consequences of unilateral and sequential bilateral cortical infarcts in the adult rat brain

Die Auswirkungen von Schlaganfällen sind nicht auf die geschädigte Hirnregion beschränkt sondern betreffen auch die Umgebung des Hirninfarktes sowie ipsi- und kontralaterale Hirnregionen. Um die Rolle funktioneller Veränderungen im homotop kontralateralen Kortex nach dem Hirninfarkt im sensomotorischen Vorderpfotenkortex der Ratte (FL SMC) zu klären, wurde diese Hirnregion systematisch zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten durch einen zweiten Hirninfarkt lädiert, wobei zur Auslösung der Infarkte das Photothrombose-Modell verwendet wurde. Die Untersuchungen der sensomotorischen Vorderpfotenfunktion zeigten interessanterweise keine Unterschiede in der Funktionserholung zwischen Tieren mit einzelnen oder bilateralen Hirninfarkten, was bedeutet, dass der kontralaterale Kortex zur Funktionserholung der initial beeinträchtigen Vorderpfote keinen wesentlichen Beitrag leistet. In einer weiteren Untersuchungsserie zeigte sich allerdings bei Tieren mit bilateralen Hirninfarkten eine erhebliche Reduktion des globalen Hirnvolumens im Vergleich zu Tieren mit einem Hirninfarkt und den Kontrolltieren. In Verhaltensuntersuchungen im Wasserlabyrinth konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass dieser Verlust an globalem Hirnvolumen mit schlechteren Leistungen in diesem kognitiven Test einhergehen. Die diesen degenerativen Prozessen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind allerdings noch weit gehend unbekannt und machen so weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antifungal Activity Against Anthracnose Disease

The objective of this study was isolation, identification of lactic acid bacteria from different source and testing their antifungal activity against phytopathogens fungi C. capsici and C. gloe osporio ides. The isolates were identified by their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and their antifungal activity was performed by the overlay method. Seven LAB isolates were showed good antifungal activity against phytopathogens fungi and were grew at different temperatures, pH and NaCl. However, C5 and G7 have the ability to inhibit the growth of both target phytopathogens fungi compared to other isolates. C5 and G7 identified by API 50CHL kit as Lactobacillus plantarum and the identified by used l6S rDNA was Lactobacillus plantarum C5 and L. pentosus G7. This is the first study that observed LAB isolates L. plantarum C5 and L. pentosus G7 inhibited both of C. capsid and C. gloesporeioides in vitro. This study demonstrates that the LAB L. plantarum C5 andL. pentosus G7 have potential to be used as biological control of this phytopathogen by inhibiting the mycelia growth.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Air-Source Integrated Heat Pump for Near-Zero Energy Houses: Technology Status Report

This report documents the development of an air-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) through the third quarter of FY2007. It describes the design, analyses and testing of the AS-IHP, and provides performance specifications for a field test prototype and proposed control strategy. The results obtained so far continue to support the AS-IHP being a promising candidate to meet the energy service needs for DOE's development of a Zero Energy Home (ZEH) by the year 2020.

Topic: Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Autism in the Emergency Department

Background. This is a retrospective chart review of autistic patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) in a tertiary care pediatric center during the year 2011. Results. There were 160 ED visits by 130 patients, 25% of visits were repeated, and 20% were admitted to the hospital. There were 126 (79%) male and 34 (21%) female patients mean age of 12 years, 79% had comorbid health conditions. Forty percent were CTAS 2 (Canadian Triage Acuity Score) acuity, 42% of visits were CTAS 3 acuity, and 7% rated their pain as “severe.” Visits were for behavior (10%), neurological concern (13%), 3% dental related, and the remainder were for gastrointestinal infections and other complaints. Average length of stay was 6 hours 21 minutes, with 2-hour wait to start assessment with physician. Conclusions. Autism is a prevalent diagnosis and patients with autism are accessing the ED. We hope to use these demographic findings to better serve these patients and their families.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Ageing societies and challenges for collective bargaining policy

The ongoing demographic changes in the industrialised countries mean not only that the ratio of pensioners to the number of people working has increased and is projected to continue to do so, but also that the average age of the labour force is increasing. These developments confront collective bargaining policy with new challenges as the size and characteristics of the labour supply change, as do the interests of the median trade union member. The following article examines these challenges using the example of Germany.

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chimerism and Tolerance Without GVHD in Mismatched Recipients of Combined Hematopoietic Stem Cell/Kidney Transplants: Donor-Specific Hyporeactivity Is Not a Reliable Biomarker for Tolerance.

We recently reported low-intensity conditioning combined with facilitating cell (FC)-enriched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (FCRx) can safely achieve high levels of durable chimerism in unrelated and related mismatched kidney transplant (KTx) recipients. This is associated with stable renal function, absence of GVHD, and successful withdrawal of immunosuppression (IS). We herein present interim follow-up on 19 subjects and present data to demonstrate that donor specific hypoactivity does not correlate with tolerance to the renal allograft if durable chimerism is not present. HLA-mismatched related (n = 12) and unrelated (n = 7) living donor KTx recipients were conditioned with fludarabine (days -5,-4,-3), cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg day -3, +3), 200 cGy TBI, (day -1), KTx (day 0), followed by infusion of cryopreserved G-CSF mobilized FCRx (day +1). Multilineage chimerism was assessed by STR analysis. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays were performed to assess donor-specific hyporeactivity. 18 of 19 patients demonstrated peripheral blood macrochimerism at 1 month post-transplant (6% - 100%). The one patient who failed to engraft was highly sensitized (Class I PRA > 40%). No subjects developed GVHD or “engraftment syndrome.” Durable whole blood and T cell chimerism was achieved in 12 subjects. All patients demonstrated in vitro donor-specific hyporesponsiveness (DSH) by MLR +/- CML post-transplant regardless of chimerism status. However, DSH in patients who lost chimerism was not predictive of successful IS weaning, as 3 transiently chimeric patients with DSH had subclinical Banff 1A rejection on protocol biopsy while on IS monotherapy. Recurrence of underlying autoimmune disease has only occurred in subjects who were transiently chimeric. Protocol biopsies in chimeric subjects have exhibited normal histology for up to 3 years. 12 chimeric subjects are completely off IS from 3-42 months. The presence of durable, high level whole blood and T cell chimerism in combined kidney + FCRx recipients is a robust biomarker of tolerance. DSH without donor chimerism does not predict successful IS withdrawal or tolerance. DISCLOSURES:Gallon, L.: Grant/Research Support, NOvartis. Tollerud, D.: Other, regenerex LLC, COO. Elliot, M.: Employee, REGENEREX LLC. Ildstad, S.: Other, regenerex LLC, CEO.

Topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE EFFECT OF BALLOON INFLATION AND SPINAL EXTENSION ON RESTORING GEOMETRIC AND LOADING ALIGNMENT OF THE VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE

Purpose: The purpose of this biomechanical study was to assess: (1) the effect of thoracic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) on kyphosis and physiologic compressive load path, and (2) the effect of balloon kyphoplasty and spinal extension on restoration of normal geometric and loading alignment. Methods: Six fresh human thoracic specimens, each consisting of three adjacent vertebrae were used. In order to create a VCF, IBTs were placed transpedicularly into the middle VB and cancellous bone was disrupted by inflation of IBTs. After cancellous bone disruption the specimens were compressed using bilateral loading cables until a fracture was observed. Fracture reduction by spinal extension, and then by balloon kyphoplasty was performed under a physiologic compressive preload of 250 N. The vertebral body heights, kyphotic deformity, and location of compressive load path were measured on video-fluoroscopy images. Results: The VCF caused anterior VB height loss of 3715%, middle-height loss of 3416%, segmental kyphosis increase of 147.0 degrees, and vertebral kyphosis increase of 135.5 degrees (p Conclusions: An anterior shift of the compressive load path in VBs adjacent to VCF can induce additional flexion moments. The eccentric loading may contribute to the increased risk of new VB fractures adjacent to an uncorrected VCF deformity. Extension moment could fully correct the segmental kyphosis but could not restore the middle height of the fractured vertebral body. Balloon kyphoplasty reduced the VCF deformity and partially restored the compressive load path to normal alignment.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study on promoting Liaoning county economic development by industrial cluster

Through the theoretical analysis of internal relationship between industrial cluster and county economy, combining with the present developing status of Liaoning county economy, the thesis finds out the main problems and puts forward the strategies to further improve Liaoning county economic development relying on industrial cluster, in order to realize the rapid increase of Liaoning county economy and the upgrading of industrial structure. Furthermore, it gives some suggestions for the development of the backward counties to some extent.

Topic: Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The association between the renal resistive index and the myocardial performance index in the general population

Abstract Objective The renal resistive index (RRI) is the most described measure of renal hemodynamics. The myocardial performance index (MPI) is widely used to assess overall myocardial performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between renal hemodynamics, assessed by the RRI, and cardiac functions, assessed by the MPI in the general population. Methods This single‐center, cross‐sectional study included a total of 302 consecutive patients who presented to our outpatient cardiology clinic between October 2019 and February 2020. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and renal Doppler ultrasonography. The study population was divided into two groups: low RRI group (RRI ≤ 0.7, n = 236) and high RRI group (RRI &gt; 0.7, n = 66). Results E/A ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the MPI were significantly higher in the high RRI group than in the low RRI group (61.3 ± 15.4 vs 55.3 ± 16.4, P = .010 for E velocity; 0.9 ± 0.3 vs 0.7 ± 0.2, P = .008 for E/A ratio; 57.7 ± 4.7 vs 53.2 ± 10.1, P = .029 for LVEF; 0.52 ± 0.1 vs 0.43 ± 0.1, P &lt; .001 for the MPI). A stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that LVEF ( β = .123, P = .026), E velocity ( β = .221, P &lt; .001), and the MPI ( β = .392, P &lt; .001) were independently associated with the RRI. Conclusion Left ventricular ejection fraction and intra‐cardiac Doppler blood flow indices, including E velocity and the MPI, were significantly and independently associated with the RRI in the general population.

Topic: Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LoTLIP: Improving Language-Image Pre-training for Long Text Understanding

Understanding long text is of great demands in practice but beyond the reach of most language-image pre-training (LIP) models. In this work, we empirically confirm that the key reason causing such an issue is that the training images are usually paired with short captions, leaving certain tokens easily overshadowed by salient tokens. Towards this problem, our initial attempt is to relabel the data with long captions, however, directly learning with which may lead to performance degradation in understanding short text (e.g., in the image classification task). Then, after incorporating corner tokens to aggregate diverse textual information, we manage to help the model catch up to its original level of short text understanding yet greatly enhance its capability of long text understanding. We further look into whether the model can continuously benefit from longer captions and notice a clear trade-off between the performance and the efficiency. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our approach using a self-constructed large-scale dataset, which consists of 100M long caption oriented text-image pairs. Our method demonstrates superior performance in long-text-image retrieval tasks. The project page is available at https://wuw2019.github.io/lot-lip.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Low density lipoprotein metabolism by human macrophages activated with low density lipoprotein immune complexes. A possible mechanism of foam cell formation.

Human macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis and are believed to be the progenitors of the cholesteryl ester (CE)-laden foam cells present in early atherosclerotic lesions. Several mechanisms by which macrophages accumulate CE have been recently described. One involves a perturbation in LDL metabolism subsequent to macrophage activation. Thus, we decided to study the effect of macrophage activation by immune complexes on N-LDL metabolism. Initially, LDL-containing immune complexes (LDL-IC) were chosen, since increased plasma levels of these IC have been reported in patients with coronary heart disease. Human macrophages stimulated for 22 h with LDL-IC (250 micrograms/ml) and incubated afterwards for 20 h with 10 micrograms/ml 125I-N-LDL showed a six- and fourfold increase in the accumulation and degradation, respectively, of 125I-N-LDL over the values observed in nonstimulated cells. Scatchard analysis of 125I-N-LDL-specific binding suggests an increase (20-fold) in the number of LDL receptors in macrophages stimulated with LDL-IC. We studied other immune complexes varying in size and antigen composition. Some of the IC were able to stimulate, although to a lesser degree, the uptake of N-LDL by macrophages. Lipoprotein IC are more efficient and have the greatest capacity to increase N-LDL uptake and CE accumulation. We conclude that human macrophage activation by LDL-IC leads to an increase in LDL receptor activity and promotes in vitro foam cell formation.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Wavelet based Multifractal Analysis in Fractography

In this paper, we propose a new method to identify three typically fracture surface morphologies based upon image analysis. The image is characterized via its multifractal spectrum, which mode yields the most frequent Holder exponent. Moreover, we recall the properties of several multifractal formalisms based on wavelet coefficients. In this context, we compare mathematically multifractal formalisms based on the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach and a new multifractal formalism based on wavelet leaders. It is shown that they compare very favourably to those obtained by wavelet coefficient based ones. Moreover, a practical extension to two dimensional signals (images) is validated. We illustrate this paper by some applications in fractography.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A disconnect between upslope shifts and climate change in an Afrotropical bird community

Abstract Climate change threatens to push species to higher elevations and eventual extinction. Birds, in particular, are shown to be shifting upslope in the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. Yet previous studies have lacked the temporal resolution to investigate distributional dynamics over time in relation to climatic fluctuations, especially in the understudied Afrotropics. Here, we used 15 years of point‐count data from across an elevational gradient (1,767–2,940 m) in Rwanda, to assess elevational shift rates and dynamics in a community of Afrotropical birds. In general, species shifted their elevations upslope by 1.9 m/year, especially at their lower elevational limits which shifted by 4.4 m/year. Importantly, these shifts occurred despite the fact that local temperature and precipitation showed little trend over the study period. Moreover, the interannual distributions of few species were associated with temperature, suggesting that temperature played little direct role in determining elevational distributions of birds. Instead, upslope shifts may be more related to incremental shifts in habitat and resources which lag behind decades of increased temperature in the region. Precipitation appeared to have more of an effect than temperature in determining interannual elevational changes, allowing species to expand their ranges in years of higher rainfall. Our results highlight the need to understand the mechanisms driving upslope shifts as they occur throughout the tropics. It will be critical for montane regions of the tropics to preserve contiguous blocks of forest across elevational gradients to allow wildlife to shift unimpeded.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) genes: a web page for the nomenclature of alleles.

The human cytochromes P-450 active in xenobiotic polymorphism are highly polymorphic [(1)][1] . The current explosion in SNP[1][2] discovery emphasizes the need to have databases in the field that are frequently updated with respect to the nature and functional consequences of the different allelic

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibers Used in Steep-Slope Roofing

This specification covers inorganic fiber-reinforced organic felt, and inorganic fiber-based asphaltic and nonasphaltic felt underlayments for use as underlayment with steep-slope roofing products. The intent of this specification is to provide criteria for producing and evaluating underlayments with a significantly reduced tendency to wrinkle before or after the installation of steep roofing products. Materials shall be sampled and tested suitably to examine their conformance with performance requirements such as tear strength, pliability, behavior on heating, liquid water transmission, dimensional stability at low to high humidity conditions, and elongation.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
References Acknowledgments

The advantage of valid color cues found in these two experiments suggests that color can be used to directly select items out of an RSVP sequence for further processing. The benefit of valid color information cannot be attributed to mediation by location, because spatial location was kept constant. In addition, misleading color information was shown to cause costs in performance, consistent with the idea that allocation of capacity to processing of a distractor in the cued color reduced the capacity available for processing the target. The observed effects are similar to results reported in location cuing paradigms (Posner et al.,1980).

Topic: Oral History, Memory, Narrative Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Recognition of Copyright Infringement under the Condition of P2P Network

In the network technology, P2P software represented by BitTorrent in solving the problem of transmission of the large capacity files is a good solution, but it makes the copyright administration more difficult. This paper analyzes network transmission main body under P2P network technology conditions, its copyright infringement forms, and constituents of copyright infringement in detail. It is thought that P2P network technology is a kind of neuter technology, whether there is any infringement of copyright depends on the results of bjective facts and on the users' purposes, and the paper also puts forward some suggestions on how to protect copyright under P2P network transmission conditions.

Topic: Digital Rights Management and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences