jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A bladder cancer multi-institutional experience with total cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

In a multicenter setting, prognostically relevant T categorization of operable muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer can be based on the palpability of the primary tumor. Approximately 50% of favorably selected patients with operable T2-T4 bladder cancer survived for at least 5 years independent of whether the operation was done at a large uro-oncologic unit or a smaller urologic section. In this retrospective review, chemotherapy seemed to improve the survival in patients with deeply infiltrating (greater than or equal to T3) bladder cancer but appeared to represent an overtreatment in patients with T2 tumors.

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scutellarein Protects Against UVB-Induced Skin Injury in a Mouse Model

UVB radiation penetrates the epidermis and upper dermis, compromising skin barrier function. This activates pro-inflammatory cells, releasing mediators (e.g., histamine, interleukins) that induce edema. UVB also generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress in skin cells. Although the mechanisms of UV-induced skin damage have been extensively studied, the development of effective UV-protective drugs remains a significant challenge. Scutellarin, a flavonoid glycoside predominantly isolated from Erigeron breviscapus, has demonstrated diverse bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, its role in UVB-induced skin damage has not been fully explored. Therefore, we established a UVB-induced skin damage model in mice by irradiating the dorsal skin with a dose of 300 mJ/cm2 UVB. Through measurements of transepidermal water loss, detection of barrier-related proteins, assessment of inflammatory factors, and evaluation of oxidative stress indicators, we found that scutellarin can maintain barrier integrity, reduce skin edema, suppress inflammatory responses, and decrease oxidative stress. Moreover, RNA sequencing of mice skin revealed that scutellarin can modulate inflammatory responses and maintain extracellular matrix homeostasis to alleviate skin damage. These findings suggest that scutellarin is a natural compound with potential for UV-protective effects on the skin.

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Learning Disability Subtyping, Loneliness, and Classroom Adjustment

This study was designed to identify patterns of social-emotional subgroups among students with learning disabilities. The sample consisted of 122 students from 12 self-contained classes for students with learning disabilities situated in regular schools in Israel. Through cluster analysis using measures of loneliness and externalizing and internalizing behavioral maladjustment, four subgroups of students were identified: two non-lonely groups—one behaviorally adjusted and the other with externalizing maladjustment; and two highly lonely groups—one with high externalizing maladjustment, the other with high internalizing maladjustment. Internal validation through MANCOVA analysis revealed significant differences between subgroups on the three classification criteria. As external validation of the classification, significant intergroup differences were also found on teacher- and student-rated social skills and peer acceptance ratings. Case studies demonstrated subgroup patterns, individual differences, and the personal meaning attributed to loneliness and social relations.

Topic: Education Discipline and Inequality
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD 10p5U-AD01-07-NF #187114.1

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Engineered cell-overexpression of circular RNA hybrid hydrogels promotes healing of calvarial defects

Using the GelMA hydrogel as a carrier and adenovirus-mediated transfection of overexpressing circRNAs (hsa-circ-0003376, named circ-CTTN), the osteogenic efficiency of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be significantly enhanced.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Generalized Lipodystrophy

In 1959, three patients with generalized lipodystrophy, increased growth rate and a number of other clinical features were described by one of us (Seip, 1959).The signs of the disease were present from birth, and two of the patients were siblings.The main clinical features of the syndrome were: generalized lipodystrophy, increased growth rate with acromegaloid pattern, large hands and feet, advanced bone age and dental development, muscular hypertrophy, increased muscular glycogen, hepatosplenomegaly (fatty infiltration and slight cirrhotic changes in the liver), cardiomegaly, corneal opacities, skin pigmentation and dry, coarse skin, hypertrichosis, phlebomegaly, and abnormal pneumoencephalogram.In two cases the parents were consanguineous.Two further cases have now been seen at the Paediatric Department, University Hospital, Oslo, making our total number of cases five.Four of the five patients are from the same small area in south- western Norway.Including our cases, a total of eight patients with congenital (or almost certainly congenital) general- ized lipodystrophy have been reported in the litera- ture.Two additional cases are known, but have not been published in detail.Generalized lipoatrophy may also occur as an acquired condition, often combined with diabetes ('lipoatrophic diabetes').The purpose of this report is to present two new cases of this very rare syndrome, and also some new information on our previously described cases.The corticosteroid metabolism in this condition will be discussed in some detail.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of the coronary microcirculation in myocardial recovery from ischemia.

The aim of thrombolysis, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass surgery is to "reperfuse" ischemic myocardium; however, reperfusion can cause further cardiac damage and compromise the coronary microcirculation. Because nutrient supply and exchange and delivery of pharmacologic agents require a patent microvasculature, the coronary microcirculation plays a major role in myocardial recovery from ischemia. It is known that ischemia-reperfusion can cause an increase in coronary permeability and microvascular plugging (No-reflow). The permeability to macromolecules is increased more than the permeability to smaller molecules. The permeability increase leads to extravasation of plasma proteins and a permeability edema. Furthermore, proteins that normally remain extravascular are now free to wash out the heart. Both microvascular effects, increased coronary permeability and No-reflow, compromise cardiac function. The degree of damage depends on the nature (No-flow versus low-flow) and length of ischemia. Unfortunately, both the increase in coronary permeability and the reduction in perfused capillarity advance with time during early reperfusion. Although the increase in permeability does not require the presence of platelets or leukocytes, it is apparent that the No-reflow response does. Mechanisms that may explain the microvascular responses to ischemia include cell swelling, damage caused by oxygen free radicals, and inflammatory responses that may or may not involve granulocytes. The permeability response may involve a calcium-mediated endothelial contraction because the macromolecular leakage that follows ischemia can be prevented by pretreating hearts with the calcium blocker nisoldipine. Protection of the coronary microcirculation should be included in any attempt to improve treatment of occlusive coronary artery disease.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emotional Intelligence As A Resource For Occupational Health Of A Teacher

Emotional intelligence is considered in the context of a model of abilities, as a resource for the development of professional competence and a factor that determines the professional health of a teacher in particular. Professional health of a teacher is defined as an integrative property that makes it possible to cope with various situations of professional activity. The psychological factors of the teacher's professional health are reflected in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects. The study is part of the implementation of a program for the formation and development of emotional intelligence among participants in the educational process on the basis of the federal innovative experimental site of secondary school No. 89 in St. Petersburg. The study involved 60 teachers (women) of a comprehensive school in St. Petersburg; their average age is 43.5 years old, average teaching experience – 21 years. It was assumed that emotional intelligence contributes to the preservation and maintenance of the teacher's professional health. The results of the study show that the ability to manage their own emotional states allows a person to rationally approach the situation and objectively assess it. Understanding the emotions of communication partners contributes to the teacher's orientation towards a positive reassessment, rethinking difficult professional situations. The results of the study prove that emotional intelligence for teachers is the very soft-skills that allow one not only to adapt to the constantly changing situation of professional activity, but also to maintain and to protect the resources of their own occupational health.

Topic: Education and Professional Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modulation of rifampicin release from spray-dried microspheres using combinations of poly-(DL-lactide)

Microspheres containing 20% w/w rifampicin (RIF) with smooth morphology have been readily prepared from combinations of low, R104 (Mw, 2000) and moderate, R202H (Mw, 9000), molecular weight poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) as a means to modulate drug release from either polymer when used alone. These have been characterized with respect to their drug loading, granulometry, in vitro drug release and thermal behaviour. Particle size distributions were Gaussian, whereby mean microsphere diameter was found to increase from 2.11 to 2.98 microns as the proportion of more viscous R202H increased, whilst > 95% of particles were < 10 microns, irrespective of the polymer blend used. Use of a reduced inlet temperature for spray-drying gave uncharacteristically high production yields in the range of 55.8-80.7% for the process. Encapsulation efficiencies were quantitative with the weight proportion of drug co-dissolved (p < 0.05), yielding microspheres of high and predictable RIF loading. In vitro drug release revealed a dramatic shift in release profile between 40 and 60% R104. Closer examination in this range showed the predicted pattern of increased release rate as the fraction of more hydrophilic R104 increased. However, disproportionate differences were evident between 44 and 48% R104. From the apparent temperature dependent drug release, the criticality of matrix composition was attributed to the coincidence of matrix softening with the dissolution medium temperature and consequent hydration, which, at a finite composition, resulted in a controlled auto-hydration mechanism. Dramatic dependence of release rate with dissolution methodology was accountable to the fact that drug release was considerably quicker where microspheres remained suspended and individualized with the USP paddle method as opposed to aggregated with the shaking bath methodology. In conclusion, the utility of blending racemic PDLLA to modulate drug release and the convenience of spray-drying as a technique to produce microspheres of predictable character have been demonstrated. The temperature-dependent release exhibited may have application in the site-specific delivery of drugs where local increased biochemical activity promotes drug release in response to an increased pharmacological need.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD 10-AD25-Div01 #192916.1 (analyzed)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (898,158) - (1014,420) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.

Topic: Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Improved Theory for Heat Conduction in Thin Surface Layers

Technical Briefs An Improved Theory for Heat Conduction in Thin Surface Layers J. S. Letcher, Jr. J. S. Letcher, Jr. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. S. Letcher, Jr. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo. J. Heat Transfer. Nov 1969, 91(4): 585-587 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3580248 Published Online: November 1, 1969 Article history Received: March 27, 1969 Online: August 25, 2011

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Raising the Key Issues Facing Resettlement Practice in Development Induced Displacement: Evidences From Households Displaced by Railway Construction in Dukem, Ethiopia

Development projects are often resulted in massive displacement and resettlement of people. Despite the gradual improvement in resettlement practices and results, the impoverishments caused by development projects’ displacement and resettlement are still widely observed in many developing countries. This study is intended to investigate the key issues facing resettlement practices based on experiences from households displaced by railway corridor construction in Dukem area, central Ethiopia. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and archival file reviews. The study has revealed that policy, legal and practical factors were constraining effective resettlement and rehabilitation of the displaced households. The study indicates that the existing Ethiopian policy and legal frameworks on resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced people in the context of development projects were not effectively implemented in the study population context. The practice of valuation, compensation and expropriation were not fair and satisfactory mainly due to lack of objective criteria of evaluation, lack of technically competent valuation experts and widespread corruption in valuation and compensation of properties. The existing policy and legal frameworks on resettlement and rehabilitation of evicted people also lacks a clear statement on the livelihood rehabilitation of displaced households. The current compensation practice is monetary-based, inadequate, delayed and the rehabilitation approach lacks special consideration for vulnerable groups. Therefore, the researcher recommends the need for devising policy, legal and institutional frameworks which have clear provisions on how to deal with the multifaceted problems of displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation. Additionally, ensuring effective reform to the structures of implementing agents of resettlement is very important.

Topic: Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
beta-O-thalassemia from Algeria: genetic and molecular characterization

Abstract beta-Thalassemia is a major public health problem in Algeria. During a survey, a family including two cases of betaO-thalassemia was studied. The family study indicated that two of the affected siblings had homozygous beta-thalassemia; there were also both normal and heterozygous siblings, and both parents had beta-thalassemia trait. In the two cases of betaO-thalassemia there was no hemoglobin A in the peripheral blood, and no beta-globin chain synthesis in whole cell incubations. Hybridization of purified complementary DNA specific for alpha- and beta-globin messenger RNAs demonstrated less than 1% mRNAbeta relative to mRNAalpha in circulating reticulocytes, and for one case in total RNA from bone marrow. There is no apparent beta- globin gene deletion as determined by hybridization in globin cDNAbeta sequence excess. Therefore the Algerian cases studied are similar in molecular pathology to some Southern Italian and Asian cases described previously, and differ from other Italian and Chinese betaO- thalassemias, in which hybridizable mRNAbeta has been demonstrated, and from deltabetaO-thalassemia, which is caused by a gene deletion.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
We Are what We Eat: Food in the Process of Community Formation and Identity Shaping among African Traders in Guangzhou and Yiwu

Abstract In this paper we analyze two African communities in Guangzhou and Yiwu, China, arguing that among Guangzhou Africans on the one hand, Black Africans, particularly West Africans, have a tighter community and interact more with each other than Black Africans in Yiwu. On the other hand, Maghrebian Africans in Yiwu have a tighter community and maintain a more cohesive interaction than their counterparts in Guangzhou. Evidence for this characterization of the communities comes from food and communal food-eating habits. There are hardly any West African restaurants in Yiwu while there is an abundance of West African and other Black African restaurants in Guangzhou where there is more community patronage. In contrast, there are more concentrations of North African restaurants in Yiwu than in Guangzhou. We discuss the crucial role food and food-making and eating places play in providing structures and avenues for community bonding to promote community formation and community identity shaping.

Topic: China's Global Influence and Migration
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rural Volunteer Ombudsman Programs

We examine benefits and difficulties surrounding the effective implementation of a long-term care volunteer ombudsman program in a rural setting. Discussion focuses on the uniqueness of each rural community and potential strategies that can be mixed and matched to meet individual community needs. We consider implications for the development and implementation of ombudsman programs in rural areas.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Are women-owned enterprises better for employees?

This study provides novel survey-based insights from an under-researched developing market perspective into whether women-owned enterprises offer better working environments despite being resource-constrained and subject to engendered restrictions. Using a hand-collected survey-based dataset from Kenya and Tanzania, we find that women-owned enterprises provide more formal training programs, pension coverage, health insurance, female and youth employment opportunities, and are more innovative. We attribute these findings to the fact that female participation leads to a more empathic and socially responsible approach to decision-making, resulting in better employee welfare outcomes. Our findings echo the need to spur equitable and sustained economic growth by eliminating engendered restrictions and providing more resources to female entrepreneurs in developing markets.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Incidence of anal cytological abnormalities in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

Little is known about the natural history of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-infected women because, to date, no longitudinal studies have been reported in the scientific literature. This article estimates the incidence of anal cytological abnormalities in a cohort of HIV-infected women. It also examines potential risk factors for the development of an anal cytological abnormality. A cohort of HIV-infected women underwent interview, anal cytology, and anogenital HPV DNA testing. Women with a normal baseline anal cytology were followed for the development of an anal cytological abnormality. The incidence of an abnormality was calculated. Survival analyses were performed to examine risk factors for the development of an abnormality. Fourteen of 100 HIV-infected women had an abnormal anal cytology at baseline. Among the 86 women with a normal baseline cytology, the incidence of an abnormality was 22 [95% confidence interval (CI), 14-33] per 100 person-years. In a multivariate analysis, women were at increased risk if, at baseline, they had a CD4+ T-cell count of <500 cells/mm(3) [relative hazard (RH) = 4.11; 95% CI, 1.18-14.25], high-risk type anal HPV infection (RH = 2.54; 95% CI, 0.91-7.14) or were cigarette smokers (RH = 3.88; 95% CI, 1.12-13.42). The incidence of anal cytological abnormalities was high among this cohort of HIV-infected women, indicating that they are at high risk of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. HIV-infected women are likely to be at higher risk than their HIV-uninfected counterparts because immune suppression conferred substantially increased risk. Continued research on the association between smoking and the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women is warranted.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences