jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On invariants of elliptic curves on average

We prove several results regarding some invariants of elliptic curves on average over the family of all elliptic curves inside a box of sides $A$ and $B$. As an example, let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $p$ be a prime of good reduction for $E$. Let $e_{E}(p)$ be the exponent of the group of rational points of the reduction modulo $p$ of $E$ over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the family of elliptic curves $$E_{a,b}:~y^2=x^3+ax+b,$$ where $|a|\leq A$ and $|b|\leq B$. We prove that, for any $c&gt;1$ and $k\in \mathbb{N}$, $$\frac{1}{|\mathcal{C}|} \sum_{E\in \mathcal{C}} \sum_{p\leq x} e_E^k(p) = C_k {\rm li}(x^{k+1})+O\left(\frac{x^{k+1}}{(\log{x})^c} \right),$$ as $x\rightarrow \infty$, as long as $A, B&gt;\exp\left(c_{1} (\log{x})^{1/2} \right)$ and $AB&gt;x(\log{x})^{4+2c}$, where $c_1$ is a suitable positive constant. Here $C_k$ is an explicit constant given in the paper which depends only on $k$, and ${\rm li}(x)=\int_{2}^x dt/\log{t}$. We prove several similar results as corollaries to a general theorem. The method of the proof is capable of improving some of the known results with $A, B&gt;x^ε$ and $AB&gt;x(\log{x})^δ$ to $A, B&gt;\exp\left(c_1 (\log{x})^{1/2} \right)$ and $AB&gt;x(\log{x})^δ$.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermal optimisation of GaN flip chip power transistors

This paper demonstrates thermally optimized flip-chip designs for high power GaN-based normally-off transistors laterally scaled in two dimensions and suitable for high current loads and a breakdown voltage of 250 V. An adapted transistor layout takes the heat spreading capability of the SiC substrate into account and provides an efficient heat sinking via the bumps.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Near-Infrared Ultrashort Pulse Laser Bioeffects Studies

Abstract : Applications of ultrashort pulse laser systems have increased dramatically in the past several years. Retinal exposure to these laser pulses can produce visible lesions with pulse energies of less than 1 microjoule (microJ) per pulse. Our research has found a reduction in the energy required for retinal damage as pulse duration is decreased from the nanosecond (ns) to femtosecond (fs) regime. With this data, new laser safety standards are being proposed to reduce the dangers and uncertainties when working around these lasers.

Topic: Ocular and Laser Science Research
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STUDY OF MEDIEVAL CERAMICS EXCAVATED AT THE MONASTERY OF KARAACHTEKE (VARNA, BULGARIA)

Various medieval unglazed and glazed ceramic artifacts discovered during archaeological excavations at the monastery of Karaachteke near Varna (Bulgaria) are for the first time chemically and structurally characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, SEM-EDS and the Archimedes method aiming to understand the technology of medieval ceramics production. The unglazed artifacts water absorption ranges from 10 mass % to 15 mass %, which indicates that the ceramics are well sintered and most probably fired at a high temperature, ca 950 o C - 1050 o C. The artifacts contain a certain amount of coloring oxides (Fe 2 O 3 + TiO 2 ), which determine their slightly red color. The phase composition indicates the presence of crystalline phases of quartz and plagioclase, the amount of which differs in the different samples. SEM proves the presence in the sintered ceramic body of coarse quartz grains having a size of 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. This leads to the conclusion that highly sandy clay or ceramic body containing red firing clay and coarse grain quartz sand was used. The study of the glazed artifacts proves that a transparent lead glaze prepared at a firing temperature of ca 950 o C 1050 o C was widely used in the Middle Ages. Some of the objects are typical sgraffito pottery, which indicates that the ceramic masters during this period could produce ceramic bodies, engobes and glazes using different raw materials compositions. Other glazed artifacts refer to the type of the famous Preslav ceramics having a white ceramic body and transparent green glaze of the Seger formula PbO.0,16Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 and firing temperature higher than 1000 o C.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Linear Codes Associated to Symmetric Determinantal Varieties: Even Rank Case

We consider linear codes over a finite field of odd characteristic, derived from determinantal varieties, obtained from symmetric matrices of bounded ranks. A formula for the weight of a code word is derived. Using this formula, we have computed the minimum distance for the codes corresponding to matrices upper-bounded by any fixed, even rank. A conjecture is proposed for the cases where the upper bound is odd. At the end of the article, tables for the weights of these codes, for spaces of symmetric matrices up to order $5$, are given. We also correct typographical errors in Proposition 1.1/3.1 of [3], and in the last table, and we have rewritten Corollary 4.9 of that paper, and the usage of that Corollary in the proof of Proposition 4.10.

Topic: Coding theory and cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Control of cooperative manipulators in holding deformable objects

This paper presents the implementation of a control system to control cooperative manipulators to hold deformable objects. The aim is to hold the deformable object without having information on the shape and stiffness of the deformable object beforehand. The prototype of a pair of manipulators has been designed and built to test the controller. A force sensor and a rotary encoder are used to give feedback to the controller, which controls the DC motor actuators accordingly. A position proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller technique has been applied for one of the manipulators and a PID force control technique is applied to the other. Simulations and experimental tests have been conducted on models and the controller has been implemented on the real plant. Both simulation and test results prove that the implemented control technique has successfully provided the desired position and force to hold the deformable object with maximum experimental errors of 0.34mm and 50mN respectively.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Making Space for Water: Spatial Planning and Water Management in the Netherlands

In Al Gore's documentary 'An Inconvenient Truth' the Netherlands is portrayed as one of the major potential victims of climate change. In a dramatic animation large portions of country are flooded and become part of the North Sea. It is obvious that climate change has potentially disastrous implications for a country of which 35 per cent lies below sea level. Even today 65 per cent of the country would run the risk of regular flooding if there were no protective measures such as dikes and storm surge barriers. It is clear that water management is the core issue of climate change in the Netherlands (WRR, 2006).

Topic: demographic modeling and climate adaptation
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Threshold conditions in SIR STD models

We propose and analyze a heterogeneous, multigroup, susceptibleinfective-recovery (SIR) sexually transmitted disease (STD) model where the desirability and acceptability in partnership formation are functions&#13;\nof the infected individuals. Then we investigate the dependent reproductive number (R0) at the βij (the probability of disease transmission per contact between an infected partner in group j and a susceptible individual in group i.), then we study the stability and unstability of the model in different states.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Computer‐Based Counselor‐in‐Training Supervision: Ethical and Practical Implications for Counselor Educators and Supervisors

Computer‐based clinical supervision of counselors‐in‐training is becoming more prevalent (M. Reisch &amp; L. Jarman‐Rohde, 2000); however, its use is still in its infancy, and ethical standards have not been established regarding its practice. There exists a dearth of literature focusing on the ethical practice and development of supervisees when using computer‐based supervision. This article (a) explores ethical practice when using technology to facilitate counselor supervision, (b) reviews specific types of computer‐based applications, (c) presents potential advantages and disadvantages of computer‐based supervision, and (d) offers implications for counselor educators and supervisors.

Topic: Counseling Practices and Supervision
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of the developmental landscape of Manihot esculenta Crantz leaves

Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) is an important crop with high photosynthetic rate and high yield. It is classified as a C3-C4 plant based on its photosynthetic and structural characteristics. To investigate the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of cassava leaves at the cellular level, a single-cell transcriptome atlas of cassava leaves was created. A total of 11,177 high-quality leaf cells were divided into 15 cell clusters. Based on leaf cell marker genes, we identified three major tissues of cassava leaves, which were mesophyll, epidermis, and vascular tissue, and analyzed their distinctive properties and metabolic activity. To supplement the genes for identifying the types of leaf cells, we screened 120 candidate marker genes. We constructed a leaf cell development trajectory map and discovered six genes related to cell differentiation fate. The structural and photosynthetic properties of cassava leaves analyzed at the single cellular level provide a theoretical foundation for further enhancing cassava yield and nutrition.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
High frequency of PTEN, PI3K, and AKT abnormalities in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract To more comprehensively assess the pathogenic contribution of the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), we examined diagnostic DNA samples from children with T-ALL using array comparative genomic hybridization and sequence analysis. Alterations of PTEN, PI3K, or AKT were identified in 47.7% of 44 cases. There was a striking clustering of PTEN mutations in exon 7 in 12 cases, all of which were predicted to truncate the C2 domain without disrupting the phosphatase domain of PTEN. Induction chemotherapy failed to induce remission in 3 of the 4 patients whose lymphoblasts harbored PTEN deletions at the time of diagnosis, compared with none of the 12 patients with mutations of PTEN exon 7 (P = .007), suggesting that PTEN deletion has more adverse therapeutic consequences than mutational disruptions that preserve the phosphatase domain. These findings add significant support to the rationale for the development of therapies targeting the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway in T-ALL.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Delayed Eruption of the Deciduous Teeth

歯の萌出遅延には全身的な原因や局所的原因には腫瘍, 嚢胞など様々あるが, 乳歯の萌出遅延の頻度は永久歯に比べ非常に少ないと言われている. しかし, 乳歯の萌出遅延した状態を長期に放置しておくと, 舌突出癖などの口腔習癖を招くばかりでなく, 対合歯の挺出などの不正咬合やひいては後継永久歯への影響も大きい. よって, 乳歯の萌出遅延の早期発見と早期治療を行うことは永久歯咬合誘導上重要である. 今回は乳歯萌出遅延症例の対応法について報告する.乳歯は, 乳中切歯, 乳側切歯, 第一乳臼歯, 乳犬歯, 第二乳臼歯の順に萌出するので, 保護者や一般歯科医にはわかりにくい. 通常, 乳歯咬合完成期 (Hellman歯齢IIA期) は平均2.5±0.35歳である. したがって, 少なくとも3歳ころには全ての乳歯は萌出していることになる. 遅くとも4歳ころまでに乳歯の萌出遅延の診断ができるようになると, その後の治療の困難性や後継永久歯への影響を最小限にすることができるのではないかと推察する.

Topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative study on production performance, carcass quality and economic return of Kamphaengsaen Beef fed variety of diets.

A current study was performed to study effect of fed variety on production performance, carcass quality and economic return in Kamphaengsaen Beef. Fifteen steers were assigned to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were divided into 3 groups with 5 steers; group 1 = fed with total mixed ration (TMR), group 2 = fed with concentrate + paragrass (CON) and group 3 = fed with major grass (Organic fed; ORG). The results showed that average daily gain, carcass percentage and kidney fat percentage of TMR and CON fed higher than those of ORG fed. Meanwhile the TMR fed had lower shear force value than CON and ORG fed (P<0.01). The TMR and CON fed were higher production cost than those ORG fed (P<0.01), however they have economic return higher than those ORG fed.

Topic: Livestock Management and Performance Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Late-Presenting Left-Sided Morgagni Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a 9-Year-Old Male

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are common, primarily occurring through the foramen of Bochdalek. However, in contrast, defects through the foramen of Morgagni are much more rare. When late presentations occur, patients may be asymptomatic or may be critically ill with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. In this paper, we present a 9-year-old male who presented with recurrent, vague abdominal pain, and a previously normal abdominal CT scan. Initial investigation via an abdominal radiograph demonstrated an unexpected left lower lobe abnormality. Further evaluation and management revealed this abnormality to be an unusual left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia that appeared through the retrosternal foramen of Morgagni, a rare occurrence.

Topic: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Teaching and Learning Through Zoom Application

The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in 2020, has inadvertently revolutionized the modes of teaching and learning, from the traditional face-to-face to the “new normal” online classes. As a result, there has been drastic increase in the number of online applications. This chapter is focused on Zoom application. It has adopted library research to analyze the impact of teaching and learning through Zoom application. A critical review of the literature reveals that Zoom application has several advantages. It is simple to use, easy to plan a meeting, can be accessed by a one-click notification or invitation link, has a telephone option for audio, has interactive features, has a video recording option, and offers a free basic package. Notwithstanding these merits, the application also has several challenges that impact teaching and learning. These include privacy and security, supervision in the case of children’s education, and internet connection. The study has recommended that future research could be extended to technical issues related to security, privacy, database and storages, and ways of preventing hackers from interfering with the application.

Topic: Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kinetic freeze-out temperature from yields of short-lived resonances

A method to determine the kinetic freeze-out temperature in heavy-ion\ncollisions from measured yields of short-lived resonances is presented. The\nresonance production is treated in the framework of thermal model with an\nevolution between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. The yields of many\nshort-lived resonances are suppressed at $T = T_{\\rm kin} &lt; T_{\\rm ch}$. We\ndetermine the values of $T_{\\rm kin}$ and $T_{\\rm ch}$ for various centralities\nin Pb--Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 2.76$ TeV by fitting the abundances\nof both the stable hadrons and the short-lived resonances such as $\\rho^0$ and\n$ \\text{K}^{*0}$, that were measured by the ALICE collaboration. This allows to\nextract the kinetic freeze-out temperature from the measured hadron and\nresonance yields alone, independent of assumptions about the flow velocity\nprofile and the freeze-out hypersurface. The extracted $T_{\\rm ch}$ values\nexhibit a moderate multiplicity dependence whereas $T_{\\rm kin}$ drops, from\n$T_{\\rm kin} \\simeq T_{\\rm ch} \\simeq 155$ MeV in peripheral collisions to\n$T_{\\rm kin} \\simeq 110$ MeV in 0-20% central collisions. Predictions for other\nshort-lived resonances are presented. A potential (non-)observation of a\nsuppressed $f_0(980)$ meson yield will allow to constrain the lifetime of that\nmeson.\n

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non-Perturbative Superpotentials in

We study the Landau-Ginzburg models which correspond to Calabi-Yau fourfolds. We construct the index of the typical states which correspond to toric divisors. This index shows that whether a corresponding divisor can generate a nonperturbative superpotential. For an application, we consider the phase transition in terms of the orbifold constraction. We obtain the simple method by which the divisor, which can not generate a superpotential in the original theory, can generate Recently the Calabi-Yau four-folds have been paied attention to in the context of M-theory [1, 2] and F-theory [3] compactification. Witten found [4] the interesting property of the Calabi-Yau four-fold compactification, i.e. the special class of the divisors with wrapped 5-branes can generate the N = 1 superpotential. The condition

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Postural sway in patients with early Parkinson’s disease performing cognitive tasks while standing

Our results indicate that patients with early PD have subtle signs of postural instability when their attention is diverted or reduced. In addition, deficits of stereopsis may be common in early PD patients. St Abbreviations: ACC: Accelerometers; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AP: Antero-posterior; COP: Center of pressure; EC: Eyes closed; ECDT: eyes closed with dual task; EO: Eyes open; EODT: Eyes open with dual task; GDS: Geriatric depression scale; JERK: Jerkiness of sway; ML: Medio-lateral; MMSE: Mini mental state examination; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; PD: Parkinson's disease; PDAbS: PD Patients with abnormal stereopsis; PDNrS: PD Patients with normal stereopsis; PIGD: Postural instability and gait disorder; RMS: Root mean square; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
IS THE SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW CONNECTED WITH THE VALUES OF A RESPONSIBLE AND MORAL PERSON? (STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN THE ERA OF MACROSHIFT)

The article raises the question of whether the scientific worldview is connected with the values of a responsible and moral person. It is viewed both from a historical and a modern perspective. There are two historical approaches to solving this issue: coming from the works of Nicholas of Cusa and Descartes, where the influence of science on human consciousness is recognized, and the rational approach, which actually denies such an influence. Using the example of the author’s case of Tsvetaeva’s personality reconstruction, a hypothesis is introduced that characterizes the features of modern science in the era of macroshift. The author shows that modern science (humanitarian, social and possibly natural science in the field of non-classical rationality) should include, firstly, the position and values of the subjects that are studied in it, secondly, the position and values of the researcher himself, third, analysis of the influence of sociality on the consciousness of individuals, as well as the capture of social structures by a passionate community or individual. If, for example, Pushkin at the turn of the 30s experienced a spiritual revolution, reconsidered his life and began to work, as Pyotr Chaadaev persistently advised him, for the benefit of Russia and its culture, then Tsvetaeva was never able to overcome her egoism and poetic vanity and, in part, , so she died herself and unwittingly contributed to the death of her beloved son Moore. Analysis of the position of the researcher himself allows us to understand what impact the humanist had on the subject being studied, what interested him in him (as M. Bakhtin wrote: not one spirit, but two — the one being studied and the one studying, the interaction of spirits). Socio-humanitarian sciences in the era of macro shift must not only reconstruct the positions of individuals (subject to research and the author), but also, on the one hand, analyze the factors of sociality that transform human consciousness, on the other hand, on the contrary, explain how individual communities or individuals can capture social structures, turning them into their organs.

Topic: Russian Literature and Bakhtin Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Ingenious Method for Detecting Harmful Alcohol Consumption in Restricted Areas

The paper objective is to outline our effort to decrease violations and increase driver safety. Alcohol sensor and an Arduino board were combined to create this project. The Arduino ATmega328 processor is capable of carrying out more operations than conventional microcontrollers. Using a sensor for alcohol Identification of the presence of alcohol in human breath is the aim of this study, MQ3. The sensor may be used with any vehicle and is easy to hide from suspects because its precise sensitivity range is only a few metres. This project is installed anywhere. The project is designed to ensure human security. When some people's drinking becomes excessive, it can have a negative impact on their interactions with others. Some people grow drunk and potentially loud and boisterous as they drink more. And because they are less inhibited, they may disregard boundaries, making people around them uncomfortable or even dangerous. This project is basically used for avoid these problems in public places by IOT technology. In this process whenever a drunken person enters through the detector placed entrance it will indicates and such new sense caused by drunken people can be avoided in public places such as theatres, school, colleges and places where family spend time. Here we are using Arduino boards through which codes can be uploaded and we are using an MQ-3 alcohol sensor and a buzzer. The alcohol sensor will sense the consumption of alcohol by a person when he enters and indicates to the buzzer and the buzzer will blow.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences