jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Dependence of Sea Surface Roughness on Wave Development

The aerodynamic roughness of the sea surface, z0, is investigated using data from Lake Ontario, from the North Sea near the Dutch coast, and from an exposed site in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Nova Scotia. Scaling z0 by rms wave height gives consistent results for all three datasets, except where wave heights in the Atlantic Ocean are dominated by swell. The normalized roughness depends strongly on wave age: younger waves (traveling slower than the wind) are rougher than mature waves. Alternatively, the roughness may be normalized using the friction velocity, u*, of the wind stress. Again, young waves are rougher than mature waves. This contradicts some recent deductions in the literature, but the contradiction arises from attempts to describe z0 in laboratory tanks and in the field with a single simple parameterization. Here, it is demonstrated that laboratory waves are inappropriate for direct comparison with field data, being much smoother than their field equivalents. In the open ocean there is usually a mixture of swell and wind-driven sea, and more work is needed before the scaling of surface roughness in these complex conditions can be understood.

Topic: Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure 4 from Phase I Study of the Mutant &lt;i&gt;IDH1&lt;/i&gt; Inhibitor Ivosidenib: Long-term Safety and Clinical Activity in Patients with Conventional Chondrosarcoma

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan–Meier curve for PFS in patients with conventional CS treated with ivosidenib. CI, confidence interval; mPFS, median PFS.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Obesity Increases Risk for Wound Complications After Pediatric Foot Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Review Using the NSQIP-Pediatric Database

Background: As the incidence of childhood obesity continues to rise, so too does the number of obese children who undergo foot surgery. As the childhood obesity epidemic rolls on, pediatric orthopaedic surgeons will encounter obese patients with even greater frequency. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with obesity is valuable to maximize patient safety. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the relationship between obesity and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pediatric foot surgery across multiple institutions using a large national database. Methods: Pediatric patients who had undergone foot surgery were retrospectively identified using the American College of Surgeons 2012-2017 Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement (ACS-NSQIP-Pediatric) database by cross-referencing reconstructive foot-specific CPT codes with ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Center for Disease Control BMI-to-age growth charts were used to stratify patients into normal-weight and obese cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe and assess outcomes in obese compared with normal-weight patients. Results: Of the 3924 patients identified, 1063 (27.1%) were obese. Compared with normal-weight patients, obese patients were more often male (64.7% vs. 58.7%; P =0.001) and taller (56.3 vs. 51.3 inches; P &lt;0.001). Obese patients had significantly higher rates of overall postoperative complications (3.01% vs. 1.32%; P =0.001) and wound dehiscence (1.41% vs. 0.59%; P =0.039). Multivariate analysis found that obesity was an independent predictor of both wound dehiscence [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.16; 95% CI=1.05-4.50; P =0.037] and surgical site infection (adjusted OR=3.03; 95% CI=1.39-6.61; P =0.005). Subgroup analysis of patients undergoing clubfoot capsular release procedures identified that obese patients had a higher rate of wound dehiscence (3.39% vs. 0.51%; P =0.039) compared with normal-weight patients. In multivariate analysis, obesity was an independent predictor of dehiscence (adjusted OR=5.71; 95% CI=1.46-22.31; P =0.012) in this procedure group. There were no differences in complication rates between obese and normal-weight patients in a subgroup analysis of tarsal coalition procedures or clubfoot tibialis anterior tendon transfer procedures. Conclusion: Obese children undergoing foot surgery had higher overall complication rates, wound complications, and surgical site infections compared with children of normal weight. As the incidence of childhood obesity continues to rise, this information may be useful in assessing and discussing surgical risks with patients and their families. Level of Evidence: III.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Early erythropoiesis in foetal rat bone marrow: evidence for a liver-to-bone marrow relay

ABSTRACT Erythropoietic activity of foetal rat femoral marrow was examined during the last four days of intra-uterine life. Insignificant at day 18, it develops slowly thereafter until birth. In the non-suckled neonate (not older than two hours), it appears notably enhanced. In order to test the potential of the foetal marrow to develop precocious or increased erythropoiesis, the activity of the erythropoietic organ predominant at this time, the liver, was altered by modifying the level of circulating corticosteroids which govern its function. Maturation and involution of the hepatic erythron were prevented by corticosteroid deprivation of the foetus (maternal adrenalectomy and foetal hypophysectomy). Precocious maturation and exhaustion of the hepatic erythron was induced by submitting foetuses to corticosteroids excess from day 14. Both corticosteroid deprivation and excess increase the erythropoietic activity of the femoral marrow. This activity can reach and even exceed by day 20 of intrauterine life that in neonatal marrow. Foetal hepatic erythron misfunction can therefore initiate and stimulate bone marrow erythropoiesis. The study of circulating red blood cells demonstrates that: (1) anaemia initiates medullary erythropoietic activity; (2) this anaemia is largely corrected by the bone marrow. The regulatory mechanism is presumably erythropoietin mediated.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THEORETICAL BASIS OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the willingness and ability to solve problems, navigate the limitless flow of information, find the right answers from the alternatives offered by life, develop the human resources inherent in nature in working on the individuality of each individual, show true interest in what you love, be interested in the latest methodological advances in science, that will lay everything foundation of the education of the future.

Topic: Optimal Power Flow Distribution
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE VIEWED FROM SELF EFFICACY FOR ENTREPREUNEURS IN HARAPAN ISLAND

The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of entrepreneurs in Harapan Island, then to find out the entrepreneurial characteristics and self-efficacy of business actors in Harapan Island. The distribution of questionnaires on entrepreneurial characteristics and self-efficacy was given to 40 entrepreneurs on Harapan Island. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis, Tabulation Data, Data Display and Conclusion Drawing. The results of this study are the majority of women entrepreneurs aged 44-50 years with an educational background, namely junior high. Then, the overall entrepreneurial characteristics included in the high category with the highest indicator, Need for Achievement and the lowest indicator, Propensity to Take Risk. As for overall self-efficacy, it is categorized as very high with the highest indicator being Strength and the lowest indicator being Generality.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1040614: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitigating Risks for Racial Bias in Pulse Oximetry on Children—Reply

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pseudo-3D Image Morphing

Producing believable 3D animations using image metamorphosis (morphing) techniques has proved difficult because of problems intrinsic to the image morphing process. These problems include occlusion in the source images and the associated topological non-isomorphism (foldover) of the control meshes that specify the transformation. These problems have, in general, restricted the use of image morphing to the realm of the fantastic. The major use of image morphing has been as a special effects tool for film and video production. This paper describes a solution to the formidable problems of occlusion in the source images and the subsequent non-isomorphism in the control mesh. The system is able to produce a broader range of transformations than is normally associated with image morphing techniques by implementing a unique control structure based on three triangulation pairs. By maintaining a high rate of frame throughput compared with traditional systems, the field of applications is effectively broadened to include real-time systems. This real-time performance, combined with an improved ability to process difficult transformations, results in an image morphing application capable of producing realistic pseudo-3D animations from images of complex objects at interactive frame rates.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Believing without modes of presentation

In my dissertation I devise a number of new puzzles about belief reports which, unlike Frege's and Kripke's classical puzzles, cannot be solved by appealing to the notion of a mode of presentation. A solution to both classical and new puzzles can be achieved by adopting a new Russellian account of belief reports, which I present in this dissertation. The new account involves two psychological devices (which will be proved not to be modes of presentation): belief subsystems and cognitive coordination. The former device originates in Donald Davidson's idea of explaining away cases of apparent irrationality of a subject by partitioning her mind into semi-autonomous compartments or subsystems. The latter device takes its cue from Kit Fine's notion of coordination and deals with the ability (or inability) of a subject to recognize two occurrences of an object within Russellian propositions as occurrences of the same object.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Recognizing the unique prenatal phenotype of <scp>Prader‐Willi</scp> Syndrome (<scp>PWS</scp>) indicates the need for a diagnostic methylation test

Abstract Objectives Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, morbid obesity, and endocrine and behavior disorders. We previously showed in a small group of patients that PWS may have a unique prenatal phenotype. We aimed to characterize clinical and ultrasonic features in a larger series of pregnancies with a PWS fetus. Methods We retrospectively interviewed all mothers of children with PWS followed in the Israel national multidisciplinary PWS clinic. We compared details of the PWS pregnancy with the pregnancies of healthy siblings and with data from the general population. Medical records including ultrasound reports, obstetric records, and genetic results were analyzed. Results Distinct prenatal features of PWS pregnancies included abnormal fetal growth [fetal growth restriction (FGR) (37.3%), increased head to abdominal circumference ratio (44.8%), decreased abdominal circumference (49.2%)], markedly decreased fetal movements (DFM) (80.4%), and polyhydramnios (42.0%) ( P &lt; 0.001 for all). The combination of abnormal growth accompanied by polyhydramnios or DFM was highly suggestive for PWS. Conclusions Recognition of the unique PWS phenotype should alert obstetricians to consider the possibility of PWS, perform the diagnostic methylation test, provide appropriate counseling, and plan optimal management of the affected pregnancy.

Topic: Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Financial performance and impacts of village fund on post disaster rural economic development in Pidie Jaya-Indonesia

Abstract Village Fund is a tremendous budget decentralization scheme in Indonesia. The program has been showing its impacts, particularly in public infrastructure revitalization in rural areas since 2015. This study aims to examine the performance of Village Funds and their impacts on post-disaster economic re-developments. The descriptive statistic analysis was applied to secondary data derived from the 2015-2019 financial reports of 19 villages in Pidie Jaya (Aceh-Indonesia). This study shows that performance in terms of economic output is very poor. The Village Fund failed to generate the Original Village Income through the establishment of the Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).

Topic: Local Governance and Development
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<b>IMPACT OF </b><b>AHA1 </b><b>ON MORPHINE ACTIVITY IN POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MODEL</b>

Enhancing the therapeutic index of opioids remains a critical goal in improving pain management. Our previous work has demonstrated that spinal inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) potentiates morphine analgesia without exacerbating its side effects, primarily through activation of ERK-RSK signaling. However, systemic Hsp90 inhibition is associated with off-target toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, underscoring the need for more selective strategies. In this study, we explore a targeted approach by inhibiting the Hsp90 co-chaperone, activator of Hsp90 ATPase (Aha1), using KU-177. Our prior findings in the tail-flick assay indicated that spinal inhibition of Aha1 enhances morphine-induced antinociception. Here, we extend our investigation to evaluate the systemic effects of KU-177 on morphine analgesia in a mouse model of post-operative pain. We report that intraperitoneal administration of KU-177 significantly augments morphine’s analgesic efficacy without altering withdrawal responses or affecting liver weight. We are investigating the molecular mechanisms by analyses of protein expression and activation in the spinal cord, brainstem, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). In summary, these findings suggest that Aha1 inhibition via KU-177 represents a promising strategy to enhance opioid analgesia while minimizing adverse effects, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Videogames, Feedback Loops, and Classroom Practice

The integration of digital game-based learning into educational settings continues to present opportunities and challenges. This chapter examines feedback structures in videogame environments and focuses on ways educators can build upon features of the feedback loop to engage adolescents in meaningful learning in and beyond the classroom. As such, this chapter offers educators practical information to embrace instructional activities inspired by meaning making through the feedback loop.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Dividing Line between Cometary and Asteroidal Orbits

A simplified form of the Jacobi integral in the three-body system Sun-Jupiter-comet or asteroid provides an excellent method for discriminating between cometary and asteroidal orbits. Omitting the librating bodies, unambiguous separation is obtained for all known objects with reliable orbital data, i.e., about 600 comets and 1800 asteroids. The only exception is the peculiar asteroid 944 Hidalgo – which is presumably a comet. The intermediate region is occupied exclusively by bodies revolving in resonance with Jupiter, and the value of the libration argument yields a sharp secondary criterion in these cases. Besides the direct perturbational capture of long-period comets from high-eccentricity orbits into Jupiter's family, a ring of nearly circular orbits between Jupiter and Saturn is suggested as another significant source of short-period comets. For these comets the subsequent operation of nongravitational effects gives a better chance of injection into small orbits of the Apollo type and for the formation of short-period meteor streams. Some phenomena (the outbursts of P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, the probable recent splitting of one parent body into P/Whipple and P/Shajn-Schaldach) give reasons for speculation about the population of this region, too distant for the discovery of typical asteroids or comets, by interplanetary particles up to sizeable solid bodies.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phototherapy Induce Hypocalcemia in Neonatal Jaundice: In Tertiary Care Hospital, Patna

Background: During the newborn period, neonatal jaundice is a prevalent problem. In the first week of life, jaundice affects preterm and term infants at rates of roughly 80% and 60%, respectively. Approximately 5-10% of them have clinically significant jaundice which requiring phototherapy. Hypocalcemia is potential adverse effect of phototherapy. Aim &objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in term neonates with jaundice receiving light emitting diode phototherapy. Materials and Methods: 84 term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were the subjects of a prospective observational study at the Nalanda Medical College and Hospital (NMCH), Patna, Bihar, to determine the effects of phototherapy with a light-emitting diode device on total serum calcium. Total serum bilirubin and total serum calcium levels were measured at the beginning and 48 hours after phototherapy, the levels of total serum bilirubin and calcium were measured. All of the neonates included in the study evaluated for the symptom of hypocalcemia, such as jitteriness, irritability/excitement, lethargy, and convulsions. Results: Our study showed a significant decrease in post-treatment total serum calcium levels compared to per-treatment levels (p <0.005). In 16.67% of the neonates, hypocalcemia (serum calcium 8 mg/dL in term neonates) was observed. Conclusions: Like traditional blue and white light phototherapy, light-emitting diode phototherapy causes hypocalcemia as a side effect while treating neonatal jaundice.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scalable Synthesis of (+)-2-Amino-3-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid as a Potent and Selective Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist

We successfully synthesized the potent and selective group II mGluR agonist (+)-1 (MGS0008) via a process incorporating the key step of efficient fluorination of epoxide (+/-)-5c. This method would be adaptable to large-scale synthesis to produce (+)-1 in multi-gram quantities.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Electron and Ion Acceleration in Relativistic Shocks with Applications to GRB Afterglows

We have modeled the simultaneous first-order Fermi shock acceleration of protons, electrons, and helium nuclei by relativistic shocks. By parameterizing the particle diffusion, our steady-state Monte Carlo simulation allows us to follow particles from particle injection at nonthermal thermal energies to above PeV energies, including the nonlinear smoothing of the shock structure due to cosmic-ray (CR) backpressure. We observe the mass-to-charge (A/Z) enhancement effect believed to occur in efficient Fermi acceleration in non-relativistic shocks and we parameterize the transfer of ion energy to electrons seen in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. For a given set of environmental and model parameters, the Monte Carlo simulation determines the absolute normalization of the particle distributions and the resulting synchrotron, inverse-Compton, and pion-decay emission in a largely self-consistent manner. The simulation is flexible and can be readily used with a wide range of parameters typical of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We describe some preliminary results for photon emission from shocks of different Lorentz factors and outline how the Monte Carlo simulation can be generalized and coupled to hydrodynamic simulations of GRB blast waves. We assume Bohm diffusion for simplicity but emphasize that the nonlinear effects we describe stem mainly from an extended shock precursor where higher energy particles diffuse further upstream. Quantitative differences will occur with different diffusion models, particularly for the maximum CR energy and photon emission, but these nonlinear effects should be qualitatively similar as long as the scattering mean free path is an increasing function of momentum.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences