jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fungal Phytases as Useful Tools in Agricultural Practices

In order to meet the ever-growing needs of society, modern agriculture must develop sustainable farming and livestock production. Crops need phosphorus, a macronutrient found in soils, but they are only able to utilize small quantities of it. Chemical phosphate fertilizers are ineffective and environmentally harmful. The use of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, and microalgae) that synthesize phytases is a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Phytases are also needed as feed additives in animal husbandry to overcome phosphorus deficiency for animal growth and development. Phytases are phosphatases that catalyze the release of phosphorus from phytate by stepwise hydrolysis. The broad substrate specificity, optimal pH range, higher thermal stability, and specific efficiency of fungal phytases make them interesting enzymes for agricultural applications. They improve and stimulate the growth and development of plants and animals by releasing inorganic phosphorus and producing siderophores, organic acids, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and phytohormones. Phytases are crucial for enhancing phosphorus use in farming and decreasing phosphorus waste’s environmental effects. This paper addresses key challenges in modern farming, such as the inefficient utilization of phosphorus from soil and the environmental harm caused by chemical fertilizers, and provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the research of fungal phytases. Available scientific data have been synthesized to highlight the potential of phytase use in agriculture. This review outlines key areas for future research, including the development of phytase variants with improved functionality. The potential integration of fungal phytases into sustainable agricultural practices is underlined, in contrast to previously published work focused primarily on their biochemical properties. The review offers new insight into the possible applications of micromycete phytases as a critical factor for sustainable agriculture in the future.

Topic: Phytase and its Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A mini review: Potential synergy of cacao leaves and cinnamon bark as a functional tea

Abstract Cacao leaves tea is an increasingly popular drink, especially among tea lovers. Cacao leaves provide a distinctive taste and aroma. Traditionally cacao tea has been used as a herbal drink to help treat fevers, stomach aches and even coughs. The bioactive compound in cacao leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help in the healing process. Cinnamon is a spice that is widely used in food to enhance taste and aroma. It has a high antioxidant content and has many health benefits, including being an anti-diabetic. The aim of writing this article is to explain the potential synergy of cacao leaves with the addition of cinnamon as a functional drink in terms of nutritional composition and bioactive compounds contained in both. In the current era of globalization, increasing levels of free radicals have driven an increase in the need for bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Consuming antioxidants obtained from cacao leaves – cinnamon tea, is expected to help reduce oxidative stress and potentially provide beneficial health effects. It was found that cacao leaves tea with the addition of cinnamon bark has potential as a functional drink because it contains bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids in significant concentrations.

Topic: Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MicroRNA‑125a‑mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway contributes to high glucose‑induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells

Hyperglycemia contributes to the excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which are closely associated with atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) constitute a novel class of gene regulators, which have important roles in various pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify miRNAs involved in the high glucose (HG)‑induced VSMC phenotype switch, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. miRNA sequencing and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR results indicated that inhibition of miR‑125a expression increased the migration and proliferation of VSMCs following HG exposure, whereas the overexpression of miR‑125a abrogated this effect. Furthermore, dual‑luciferase reporter assay results identified that 3‑hydroxy‑3-methyglutaryl‑coA reductase (HMGCR), one of the key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway, is a target of miR‑125a. Moreover, HMGCR knockdown, similarly to miR‑125a overexpression, suppressed HG‑induced VSMC proliferation and migration. These results were consistent with those from the miRNA target prediction programs. Using a rat model of streptozotocin‑induced diabetes mellitus, it was demonstrated that miR‑125a expression was gradually downregulated, and that the expressions of key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway in the aortic media were dysregulated after several weeks. In addition, it was found that HG‑induced excessive activation of the mevalonate signaling pathway in VSMCs was suppressed following transfection with a miR‑125a mimic. Therefore, the present results suggest that decreased miR‑125a expression contributed to HG‑induced VSMC proliferation and migration via the upregulation of HMGCR expression. Thus, miR‑125a‑mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway may be associated with atherosclerosis.

Topic: Calpain Protease Function and Regulation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CaO and Graphene Oxide Enhances Drought Stress from Callus Tissues of Medicago Sativa L. Cultivars

Drought stress can be described as multidimensional stress factors affecting plants’ growth, development, and productivity. In order to reduce the adverse impact of drought stress, a plethora of attempts have been employed. Among those attempts, nano-engineered particles have gained a remarkable attention. Of the relevant particles, calcium oxide (CaO) and graphene oxide (GO) have been well-documented to positively regulate and mediate the plant growth system through shifting physiological biochemical and molecular aspects of the plant. The solo impacts of the nanoparticles are well-known but their interactions were not assayed for Medicago sativa L. cultivars. For that reason, the present study investigates the impact of CaO NPs and GO on the response and regulation of the defensive mechanism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus in drought stress-suffered cultivars. The activation of CaO-GO can be induced with mannitol in the callus of alfalfa cultivars. Dry and fresh weight values were determined in callus samples. There were significant differences between cultivars and concentration. In terms of MDA, H2O2, proline content, it was observed that the Ca2+ NPs application was important, and it showed a strong link with the resistance degree of cultivars. Erzurum cultivar was observed for better proline content with 1.5 ppm GO. MDA activities demonstrated an increasing trend concerning concentrations of mannitol and nanoparticles. The MDA highest activity was observed with 1/2 ppm CaO+0.5/1.5 ppm GO (0.1849 mg/g FW) in the Erzurum. However, the Erzurum cultivar responded with better H2O2 content with 100 mM mannitol +0.5 ppm (0.1017 mg/g FW). This result has presented, under in vitro conditions, that the supplementation of CaO and GO can importantly reduce the negative impacts of drought stress on alfalfa callus; additionally, it has been seen that the dosages of nanoparticle and mannitol are also important.

Topic: Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deadly discrimination: Implications of "missing girls" for workplace safety

We examine an indirect but potentially deadly consequence of the "missing girls" phenomenon. A shortage of brides causes many parents with sons of marriageable age to work harder and seek higher-paying but dangerous jobs. In response, employers invest less in workplace safety, which in turn increases work-related mortality. Drawing from a broad range of data sets and taking advantage of large regional and temporal variations in sex ratios in China, we demonstrate that in areas with more severe shortages of young women, the cohort of parents with sons of marriageable age suffers a higher incidence of accidental injuries and workplace deaths. • A shortage of brides causes parents with sons of marriageable age to work harder and seek higher-paying but riskier jobs. • Employers invest less in workplace safety, which in turn increases work-related mortality. • Missing women is associated with a higher incidence of accidental injuries and workplace deaths.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Automatic Left Ventricular cavity detection using Fuzzy Isodata and connected-components labeling algorithms

Extraction of the Left Ventricle (LV) contours is essential in the quantitative analysis of cardiac function. We present a new method that employs Fuzzy Isodata (FI) and conne nents Labeling algorithms to automatically detect the LV contours. The FI algorithm is applied to each cardiac image to generate a given number of fuzzy subsets. Each heart's substructure (aorta. is considered as fuzzy cluster. To achieve the extraction process, a labeling algorithm is used. The method is tested by application of 32 sets of 30 images each. A comparison between the ejection fractions obtained by the proposed technique and a standard method is included.

Topic: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A NEW SYNTHETIC COMPOUND: PCA-4230, ON SEVERAL In vivo THROMBOSIS MODELS.

PCA-4230 is a new anti-thrombotic compound which inhibits pla. telet aggregation In vltn.0 and ex. vivo in several species, including man, prolongs the bleeding time and has potent protective ac tivity in several thrombosis models. Phase I trials with different dosage schedules have recently been initiated. In the present study, the effects of PCA-4230 on bleeding time and on several In vivo thrombosis models were studied in mice. Mice were treated with one single oral dose of PCA-4230 (1-10 mg/ kg). One hour after treatment, mice were injected intravenously with four thrombotic challengers {arachidonic acid (AA), thromboxane agonist (U46619), Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) or collagen/epinephrine combination (C/E)} at a dose which induced 80-90% of mortality. The thrombotic agents were prepared in saline. The appropiate doses were dissolved in a volume of 100 μl/mouse. Bleeding time was measured in non-anesthetized mice by the tail transection technique. Effects of compound were recorded from1 to 4 hours after dosage. Acute pre-treatment with PCA-4230 showed a significant dose-depen dent protective effect. Results of each series of experiments are given in the next table. The compound inhibited thrombotic sudden death induced by U46619, PAF or C/E combination, reduced the duration of respiratory distress induced by AA and prolonged bleeding time. Thus, PCA-4230 is protective against a variety of thrombotic stimuli. These results suggest that PCA-4230 may be a promising anti-throm botic drug.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Signaling Pathway by which β‐adrenoceptor Agonists Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Release in Activated Human Macrophages

Beta‐adrenoceptor agonists such as salbutamol are valuable bronchodilators, but they can also enhance the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is capable of inducing tissue remodeling and support inflammation. In this study, we have characterized the signaling pathway involved in the enhancement of VEGF release by β‐adrenoceptor agonists in human macrophages. Human U937 cells differentiated into macrophages were primed with LPS in the absence or presence of β‐adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. The VEGF released and the intracellular cAMP generated were assayed by ELISA. Isoprenaline, procaterol and salbutamol concentration‐dependently enhanced the release of VEGF induced by LPS in U937 macrophages. They also increased intracellular cAMP levels in these cells. BRL 37344, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, did not enhance VEGF release. Propranolol, ICI 118551 and atenolol all produced a parallel rightward shift of the isoprenaline dose‐response curve. The −logK B values were 8.12 ± 0.17, 8.03 ± 0.05 and 7.23 ± 0.05, respective, respectively, indicating clear involvement of both β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor subtypes. Activators of PKA, but not Epac system, enhanced VEGF release, and this effect was abolished by KT 5720 and Rp‐cAMPS ‐ both selective PKA inhibitors. These results show that β1‐ and β2‐, but not β3‐adrenoceptors, mediate cAMP‐dependent enhancement of VEGF release in LPS‐primed differentiated human U937 macrophages, and that PKA, not Epac, was the downstream effector of cAMP activity. Support or Funding Information This study was funded by Kuwait University Research Sector Grant # YM 14/09.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Lyapunov Functionals for Delay Lotka--Volterra-Type Models

By means of Lyapunov functionals, we have succeeded in establishing the global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of n-species Lotka--Volterra systems modeled by equations of the "pure-delay type" with both finite and infinite delays involved. As a corollary, we show that if the delay system is dissipative and the coefficient matrix is VL-stable, then the global attractivity of the unique positive equilibrium is maintained provided the delays are small. Estimates on the allowable sizes of delays are indicated. Applications to 2-species prey-predator models and n-species food chains and competition models are included.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nationalist exclusion and ethnic conflict. Shadows of modernity

Andreas Wimmer argues that nationalist and ethnic politics have shaped modern societies to a far greater extent than has been acknowledged by social scientists. The modern state governs in the name of a people defined in ethnic and national terms. Democratic participation, equality before the law and protection from arbitrary violence were offered only to the ethnic group in a privileged relationship with the emerging nation-state. Depending on circumstances, the dynamics of exclusion took on different forms. Where nation building was 'successful', immigrants and 'ethnic minorities' are excluded from full participation; they risk being targets of xenophobia and racism. In weaker states, political closure proceeded along ethnic, rather than national lines and leads to corresponding forms of conflict and violence. In chapters on Mexico, Iraq and Switzerland, Wimmer provides extended case studies that support and contextualise this argument

Topic: Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A refinement of bounded cohomology

We introduce a refinement of bounded cohomology and prove that the suitable comparison homomorphisms vanish for an amenable group. We investigate in this context Thompson's group F and provide further evidence towards its amenability. We provide a source of nontrivial 1-bounded classes and show that the space of 1-bounded classes in degree 2 is huge.

Topic: Geometric and Algebraic Topology
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
From paradise to brand

Metaphors construct social reality, including the actors which populate the social world. A considerable body of research has explored this reality-constituting role of metaphors, yet little attention has been paid to the attempts of social actors to influence the metaphorical structure by which they are constituted. The present article conceptualises the relationship between actor and metaphorical structure as one of mutual constitution. Empirically, it analyses how until the late 1990s Liechtenstein was constructed as an attractive financial centre by metaphors such as haven and paradise, how then a metaphorical shift constituted the country more negatively, before Liechtenstein finally fought back: with the help of the new brand-metaphor and also a professional image campaign the country tried to repair its international image.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
S.: Semantic web reasoning by swarm intelligence

Abstract. Semantic Web reasoning systems are confronted with the task to process growing amounts of distributed, dynamic resources. This paper presents a novel way of approaching the challenge by RDF graph traversal, exploiting the advantages of swarm intelligence. The natureinspired and index-free methodology is realised by self-organising swarms of autonomous, light-weight entities that traverse RDF graphs by following paths, aiming to instantiate pattern-based inference rules. The method is evaluated on the basis of a series of simulation experiments with regard to desirable properties of Semantic Web reasoning, focussing on anytime behaviour, adaptiveness and scalability. 1

Topic: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Word Order in Saravi Dialect and Spoken Persian Language: A Typological Comparative Study

This research is a comparative study of the typological parameters of contemporary spoken Persian language and Saravi, a main dialect of the Mazandarani language, using some Greenbergian universals as its theoretical framework in word order correlations. The study aims to determine the common parameters and the variations of specific syntactic constituents among the systems studied here. On this basis it investigates the unmarked word order in declarations, as well as preparing a systematic comparison of phrasal genitive and adjective structures in the systems under investigation, along with examining their self and possessive pronominal orders. Together with revealing the use of differential orderings within the systems in these respects throughout the paper, the findings uphold Greenberg's language universals as a useful tool in classifying language types as well as specifying the variations of the syntactic constituents.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Misreporting in financial statements in a centrally planned economy: The case of Czechoslovak state-owned enterprises in late socialism

Communist economies of the former Eastern Bloc were driven by systems of central planning. The central plan set detailed goals to be achieved by the state-owned enterprises, which often struggled to meet them and obtain bonuses or avoid the related sanctions. In line with the principal-agent theory, we study the behaviour of managers of the Czechoslovak state-owned enterprises in this specific environment and investigate the possibility of using creative accounting methods and other methods to cover failures in meeting those plans. Statistical analysis based on accounting records from the 1970s and 1980s recovered from state archives indicates that meeting the central plans targets was often achieved through false reporting. This conclusion is further supported by two series of 75 and 80 interviews with former managers of socialist state-owned enterprises. We expect our findings to hold for other centrally planned economies, as managers’ original motivations were distorted by features which were inherent to the centrally planned system itself.

Topic: Accounting and Organizational Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Design and Analysis of a New Magnetic-Geared Memory Machine

In this paper, a new hybrid-structure machine, namely magnetic-geared memory (MGM) machine, is proposed. It artfully integrates the magnetic-gearing effect and flux-mnemonic capability together. The design is to adopt the hybrid-structure which incorporates the flux-modulation ring, dual-magnets and magnetizing winding. In this way, the flux-modulation ring is able to modulate the high-speed armature rotating field to the low-speed permanent magnet (PM) rotor. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic field which is generated by the dual-magnets of NdFeB and AlNiCo can be online tuned by the magnetizing winding. Thus, the proposed machine achieves the merits of both high-torque production and wide-speed operation. Finite element analysis is employed to verify the validity of the proposed MGM machine. Also, a parallelogram hysteresis model is built for the AlNiCo PM.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of Refractive Indices of Dimethyl Esters

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Refractive Indices of Dimethyl EstersD.F. Houston and J.S. FurlowCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 9, 541–542Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/i560157a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (228 KB) Get e-Alerts

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences