jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Twenty-First-Century Fiction

This study explores the landscape of contemporary British fiction through detailed analysis of five authors that have emerged to critical prominence in the 21st century. The authors addressed - Ali Smith, Andrew O’Hagan, Tom McCarthy, Sarah Hall, and Jon McGregor – have all established themselves through popular and critical success, but have received significantly less attention than some of their peers. This book does not seek to thrust these authors into a putative canon of 21st century literary writing, but rather to explore through close attention to the resonances, continuities, elisions, and frictions across their works the temper of the contemporary moment as it is expressed by a group of writers. Each is devoted a chapter that analyses their creative output to-date within the frame of their stylistic and thematic development, as well as drawing comparisons across their writing and that of their peers. The intention is never to provide the kind of synoptical overview that a period-study might suggest, instead <italic>Twenty-First Century Fiction: Contemporary British Voices</italic> seeks to juxtapose critical readings within a constellation of contemporary literary concerns to examine what cultural energies and flows are emerging in the new century. In doing so, it identifies three recurrent areas of concern that might be said to infiltrate our times; these are Materiality, Connectivity, and Authenticity. In many forms and through many articulations, these issues emerge as insistent – if inchoate – questions about how current literary practice is responding to the challenge of the post-millennial world.

Topic: Contemporary Literature and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The treatment efficacy of three-layered functional polymer materials as drug carrier for orthotopic colon cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide disease posing serious threats to people’s life. Surgery and postsurgical chemotherapy are still the first choices to control the rapid progression of cancer. However, tumor recurrence and even distant metastasis are prone to occur. As a result, it is in urgent demand to find a new method to control CRC progression while inhibiting distant metastasis. On this basis, this study developed the three-layered functionalized hydrogel-fibrous membrane-hydrogel composite materials. The Chinese traditional drugs 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) and chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were loaded in the inner hydrogel and middle fibrous membrane and could be constantly released at the same time and space. The outer hydrogel was decorated with phenylboronic acid (PA) to interact with sialic acid expressed on the CRC cell surface. The composite materials possessed biocompatibility and showed no toxicity to normal human intestinal mucosa endothelial cells HIEC. According to the results, the cell viability of CT26 could be significantly decreased <i>in vitro</i>. The three-layered functionalized materials inhibited the original tumor progression and distant tumor metastasis to the liver in an orthotopic colon cancer mouse model by increasing the caspase3 expression and inhibiting the expressions of Bcl-2, Ki-67, and VEGF. In addition, the functions of major organs were not significantly damaged. Our study provides a safe and efficacious method of this three-layered functionalized hydrogel-fibrous membrane-hydrogel composite materials for CRC treatment.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Five Cases of Measles Secondary Vaccine Failure with Confirmed Seroconversion after Live Measles Vaccination

We report 5 patients with secondary vaccine failure (SVF) who were infected with natural measles 2, 5, 5, 7 and 12 years, respectively, after vaccination with further attenuated live measles vaccine during infancy. Their seroconversion had been confirmed after vaccination. Three of the 5 patients had mild (modified) measles, while the remaining 2 patients had typical measles. The hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers to measles virus in paired acute and convalescent sera showed a secondary response pattern in 4/5 patients, and a primary response pattern was present in the remaining patient. Measles IgM antibodies were present in all patients during the convalescent stage. The patient with the primary response pattern may have had a decrease in the B cell memory during the 5-year period between vaccination and infection. This may be the first SVF case report that confirms the existence of completely waning immunity in recipients of the further attenuated live measles vaccines.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Noninvasive Ventilation Exposure Prior to Intubation in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

In this cohort of children post-HCT, NIV use prior to intubation was associated with worse outcomes. The benefits and risks of NIV in this patient population should be carefully evaluated prior to its use, and careful patient selection is crucial for its optimal utilization.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An in vitro model of the maximum caries inhibition caused by an adequate Ca/P ratio in thecaries inducing diet for rats.

Experimental evidence in a previous paper showed that the Ca/P ratio of the caries inducing diet showed a concave mode of caries inhibiting action, and the present paper confirms this by the finding that the largest amount of the Ca-phosphate sediment appeared at the most adequate ratio of Ca/P in the caries inducing diet, and that Ca-phosphate sediment lost this effect, but the sedimentation process degraded the nutritional value of a BHI broth for S. mutans, and caries inhibition induced by the sedimentation was not irreversible.

Topic: Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“<scp>Less pain</scp> with <scp>more gain</scp>”—Managing <scp>wound‐related</scp> pain with <scp>cannabis‐based</scp> medicines

Abstract Wound‐related pain poses a serious challenge for patients and physicians. It is a complex pathophysiologic construct that may be stratified, from the patient's perspective, into baseline pain and breakthrough pain. The current paradigm for treating wound related pain involves the overuse of opioids and other co‐analgesics with little regard for breakthrough pain. These standard medications have a propensity for deleterious side effects while some of them inhibit wound healing, effectively perpetuating the wound and the related pain. In particular, the overuse of opioids is a contributor to the global opioid crisis. It is evident that a new paradigm needs to be considered. Cannabis‐based medicines are a prominent prospect under investigation for their potential to reduce dosages of status quo analgesics while effectively reducing pain. The authors propose a new paradigm that emphasizes the use of Cannabis‐Based Medicines, delivered through multiple routes, while recommending the need for more foundational scientific investigation into mechanisms, and clinical controlled trials to determine optimal combinations, dosages, and protocols.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SURG-16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Abstract Hemangioblastomas (HB) in central nervous system are originally benign tumors. However, they are extremely vascular and appropriate treatment of the feeders and drainers is important when performing HB resection. Approximately 20% of HB cases are thought to be caused by von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Patients with VHL disease often develop multiple HBs, and it may be difficult to treat them with excision alone. Recently, belzutifan, a molecular targeted drug indicated for treating HB in VHL disease cases, was approved by FDA. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of the multidisciplinary treatment at our facility. METHOD At our facility, we performed 84 cases of excision surgery from 1996 to 2019, and analyzed the results of these treatments. A high-definition 3D fused image was created before surgery to identify the feeders and drainers. Tumor embolization was performed on the feeder, which was thought to be located deep within the surgical field. In addition, gamma knife treatment was performed as appropriate for HBs that did not undergo extirpation. RESULTS The breakdown of cases was 46 with VHL disease and 38 with non-VHL disease. Postoperatively, KPS improved in 55% of cases, and some complications occurred in 18%. Gamma Knife treatment has been performed on 58 cases so far, and the 10-year tumor control rate is approximately 80%. DISCUSSION/SUMMARY This presentation revealed that multidisciplinary treatment is effective for HBs. In the future it is necessary to consider which HB cases belzutifan is useful for and how it should be combined with other treatments.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation Of Beauveria Bassiana Spore Compatibility With Surfactants

The spores of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana was evaluated for their compatibility with four surfactants; SDS (sodium dodyl sulphate) and CABS-65 (calcium alkyl benzene sulphonate), Tween 20 (polyethylene sorbitan monolaureate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate) at six different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). Incubated spores showed decrease in concentrations due to conversion of spores to hyphae. The maximum germination recorded in 72 h incubated spores varied with surfactant concentration at 49-68% (SDS), 39- 53% (CABS), 78-92% (Tween 80) and 80-92% (Tween 20), while the optimal surfactant concentration for spore germination was found to be 2.5-5%. The surfactant effect on spores was more pronounced with SDS and CABS-65, where significant deterioration and loss in viability of the incubated spores was observed. The effect of Tween 20 and Tween 80 were comparatively less inhibiting. The results of the study would help in surfactant selection for B. bassiana emulsion preparation.

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cell Death: Linear Control Analysis of Eissing's Model

We deconstruct Eissing's intrinsic apoptosis model using linear control theory. In the life steady state the linearised dynamics are shown to be a tightly coupled but unstable multi- variable system. The life steady state is stabilized biochemically by decentralised XIAP and CARP acting as lead controllers. The small gain theorem is used to analyse stability and to give insight into how the inhibitors naturally modulate cell death and highlighting the role played by positive and negative feedback. Finally we use simulations to examine the extent to which recovery is possible once apoptosis has been initiated.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ex vivo and in situ detection of tumor-specific T-cell immunity with MHC tetramers

Summary MHC tetramer analysis has revealed pronounced spontaneous and therapy-induced expansions of tumor-specific T cells in cancer patients. This allows the coupling of T-cell responses to clinical course, and has, in particular for hematological malignancies, provided significant evidence for a role of these T-cell expansions in tumor control. A limitation of the currently available data is its focus on CD8 immunity, ignoring the possible contribution of CD4 T cells. However, with the increasing availability of multimeric MHC class II reagents this is likely to change in the foreseeable future. A second limitation is formed by the fact that T-cell responses have primarily been monitored in peripheral blood. The development of technology to monitor T-cell responses in small amounts of tissue material by CLSM or by other means will be essential for our understanding between T-cell immunity and clinical course for solid tumors. On a similar note, in future studies it will be important to establish not only the magnitude of (vaccine-induced) tumor-specific T-cell responses, but also the functional activity and migration of these cells, and T-cell phenotypes that correlate with this behavior. Finally, the use of MHC tetramers to selectively isolate naturally occurring or in vitro-generated TCRs may give us the tools to induce sufficiently strong tumor-specific T-cell immunity in cases in which the natural T-cell repertoire has failed.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Concordance of positive and negative symptoms in coaffected sib‐pairs with schizophrenia

Positive and negative symptom (NGS) dimensions were examined for their concordance in 46 coaffected schizophrenic sib-pairs. Results showed that the symptom dimensions of negative symptoms (NGS), delusion-hallucination (DHS), and thought disorganization (TDS) could be formulated. Discrete genetic endowment of these three symptom dimensions was not found as shown by the low concordance in sib pair analysis (kappa = 0.20–0.30). Thirty-seven pairs (80.4%) and 21 pairs (45.7%) had liability, defined by the presence of NGS in any one member of the coaffected sib-pairs, of NGS of “any degree,” and of “severe degree” in 46 sib-pairs, respectively. Both groups had high prevalence (59.1–81.0%) of positive symptoms. Another 9 (19.6%) and 25 (54.3%) pairs had no liability of NGS of “any degree” or of “severe degree” out of 46 sib-pairs, respectively. These two groups had high concordance (kappa = 0.45–1.00) of TDS or DHS between coaffected sib-pairs. Based on the results, it is hypothesized that schizophrenia, as defined by DSM-III-R, may consist of two subtypes: one has liability of NGS and a high prevalence of positive symptoms, while the other has only positive symptoms. Am. J. Med. Genet. 74:1–6, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Corneal Thickness Changes Following Exposure of New Zealand White Rabbits to Bis [2-(Dimethylamino) Ethyl] Ether Vapor

Bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]ether (CAS No. 3033-62-3; DMAEE) is a liquid industrial chemical whose vapor causes glaucopsia, a transient blue-gray haziness of vision, in exposed workers. The possible role of increased corneal thickness as a basis for the visual disturbances was investigated in groups of five female New Zealand White rabbits exposed for 2 h to mean analytically measured concentrations of DMAEE vapor of 0.1, 0.9, 4.6, 8.8,12.2,14.9, 21.1, and 24.8 ppm; a control group was exposed to air alone. Corneal thickness was measured by an ultrasonic pachymeter before and immediately following exposure and at approximately 30 min, 3, 5, 24, 48, and 72 h postexposure, and thereafter as necessary. Eyes were inspected for signs of conjunctival and corneal inflammation and injury at 30 min; 3,24, and 48 h; at 7 days or longer as considered necessary. No conjunctivalirritation or corneal dullness was seen at 0.1 or 0.9 ppm DMAEE vapor, but at 4.6 ppm and above, exposure-related conjunctivitis and corneal dullness occurred with no clear dose-response relationship. Corneal thickness was slightly, although not statistically significantly increased at 4.6 ppm, and not until about 48 h postexposure. At 8.8 ppm and above increases in corneal thickness were measured immediately postexposure and generally in an exposure concentration-related manner, with a maximum at 3 h and slightly increased throughout the evaluation period. Peak increases occurred with 21.1 ppm (23.7% at 3 h). The results accord with DMAEE-induced glaucopsia being the result of transient increased corneal thickness. The no-effects concentration for induced corneal cloudiness was between 0.9 and 4.6 ppm DMAEE vapor, and for objectively assessed increased corneal thickness, between 4.6 and 8.8 ppm.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES' BEHAVIOR UNDER PRACTICAL ENERGY SAVING DRIVES

エコドライブによるCO2削減効果は既に多くの研究により確認されているが,エコドライブが交通の円滑性にどの様な影響を及ぼすかについては定量的に示した研究は少ない.エコドライブ実施車の車両挙動が,非実施車のそれと異なるならば,エコドライブ車が交通流の中に存在することによって交通特性が変化し,交通運用の上でこれまでの知見が当てはまらない可能性も考えられる.そこで本研究では,エコドライブ実施時と通常運転時とで,交通の円滑性に関係する車両挙動がどの様に異なるかを走行実験によって検討した.その結果,エコドライブ中は加速時・減速時ともに加速度の絶対値が小さくなること,巡航時の車間距離が伸びることが確認された.それに対し,発進時の反応時間と停止時の車間距離については通常運転中と変わらないと考えられた.

Topic: Engineering Applied Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adsorption of Methylene Orange On Embedding Carbon Nanotubes Sodium Alginate /Chitosan Gel Beads

This study focused on the carboxylation method on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structure and property. The applicability of a novel adsorbent, the SA/MWCNT-CTS composite were obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The SA/MWCNT-CTS composite was applied to the absorption of methyl orange (MO) from simulated dye wastewater. Adsorption dynamics and thermodynamics of SA/MWCNT-CTS microspheres were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy, and the associated adsorption mechanism was preliminarily investigated. Changes in the absorbance, throw ratio, conductivity, and the pH value of MO solution of MO solution during adsorption by SA/MWCNT-CTS microspheres were also studied. Results showed that the prepared SA/MWCNT-CTS microspheres retained excellent inherent chemical stability and had strong MO adsorption capacity. CS contains many hydroxyl groups, which are involved in the adsorption of organic dye. The adsorption process had a negative value of free energy change (∆G0); therefore, the process was a spontaneous reaction. At lower MO equilibrium concentrations, the SA/MWCNT-CTS microspheres had a greater capacity for adsorption.

Topic: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
585 Focused Wound Care Handoff Improves Burn Center Physician-Nursing Communication and Wound Care Education

Abstract Introduction Burn patients often require changing wound care routines dependent on wound characteristic and operative interventions. Unfortunately, order discrepancies on electronic medical systems, poor communication between providers, nursing, and wound care technicians leads to incorrect wound care treatment. By creating a daily dedicated wound care discussion involving integral components of the wound care team (provider, charge nurse, and wound care technicians), we hope to improve communication amongst team members and provide wound care education at all levels. Methods The study was carried out at a single-center burn unit. A pre-intervention, de-identified survey was distributed to the nursing staff to determine familiarity with wound care as well as assessment of communication regarding wound care in the burn unit. A planned intervention was then initiated for a period of four weeks. Daily, timed dedicated wound care rounds were carried out. The wound plan was then reflected on a personalized diagram for each patient, on electronic medical records and updated on resident/fellow notes. Nursing staff satisfaction and assessment of communication was completed again using a post-intervention, de-identified survey. Results Initial data from our planned four-week intervention showed that on average, we round on 7.9 patients on burn wound unit, 4 patients on intermediate care unit (IMC), and 2.9 patients on intensive care unit daily. During wound care handoff, we discussed 12.5 patients daily with an average time of 51 seconds per patient. When wound care routines are added to morning rounds, we spend 50 seconds per each burn wound unit patient, 120.5 seconds per each IMC patient and 735 seconds per each ICU patient. There was a total of 19 surveys collected prior to intervention. Four of the 19 surveys were filled by burn wound floor nurses and 15 were filled by ICU nurses. On average, nursing reported their wound care proficiency to be 4 out of 5 (5 being the highest score). Majority reported spending about 1-3 hours per shift on wound care (58%). Most nurses review wound care routine on nursing handoff (66%), resident/fellow notes (22%) and electronic medical record orders (11%). Mid-intervention satisfaction survey showed that most nurses felt that communication was improved, discrepancies between staff members were minimized, and that 100% of nurses wanted this intervention to be continued. Conclusions Adverse wound care events can happen despite nursing self-reported high level of wound care proficiency. To ensure accurate plan of care, wound care routine needs to be communicated at multiple levels: during rounds, in daily progress notes, and on electronic medical record orders.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract B136: Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced mucin depleted foci in the rat colon by a novel resistant starch

Abstract B136 The purpose of this study was to test the inhibitory effects of a novel resistant starch on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. The novel resistant starch was processed from a commercial high amylose cornstarch(patent pending). Three groups of 5-week-old male Fischer 344 rats including 15 animals each were injected with AOM and fed normal cornstarch diet, high amylose cornstarch diet, and novel resistant starch diet respectively. Another three groups of male Fischer 344 rats with 5 animals in each group were injected with saline and fed the same three kinds of diets as control groups. Two injections were performed one week apart. Each of the 3 diets contained 55% water boiled high moisture starch, together with 45% of other ingredients necessary for rats’ nutritive requirements. The rats were fed with the above diets for 9 weeks after the second injection and then killed. Liver weight, caecal fermentation (caecum weight and pH), and a predictor of carcinogenicity - Mucin Depleted Foci (MDF) - were investigated. MDF were only seen with AOM treatment and were significantly reduced in rats fed novel resistant starch diet in comparison with rats fed the other two diets. Increased caecum weight and decreased caecum pH were also observed in the novel resistant starch diet group in comparison with the other two diet groups. No significant difference was found comparing liver weights. These results suggested that the novel resistant starch, which is less digestible than regular cornstarch or commercial high amylose cornstarch, may inhibit colonic carcinogenesis, and the inhibition might be related to increased caecal fermentation. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B136.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences