jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hamstring Strain Injury Risk in Soccer: An Exploratory, Hypothesis-Generating Prediction Model

Background: Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are common in soccer and difficult to predict. Machine learning and regression approaches may identify novel strength-related predictors, but model development requires transparent reporting. Objective: To develop and internally validate a prediction model for hamstring strain injuries in amateur soccer players using preseason strength and clinical measures. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 amateur male soccer players monitored across one competitive season (30 weeks). Baseline predictors were age, body mass index, prior injury, and bilateral isometric hip and knee strength variables measured with a handheld dynamometer. The outcome was player-level hamstring injury status (≥1 HSI vs none). Twenty candidate predictors were reduced to 10 via symmetrical uncertainty feature ranking. A logistic regression model was trained (n=83 players) with nested four-fold cross-validation and tested on an independent hold-out set (n=37 players). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration slope and intercept, and confusion matrices. Results: Twenty-one players sustained ≥1 HSI (32 events; 28% reinjuries). With 10 predictors and 21 events, the events-per-variable ratio was 2.1, below recommended thresholds, indicating risk of overfitting. On the test set (5 injured, 32 uninjured), the model achieved an accuracy 64.9%, AUC 0.68 (95% CI 0.52–0.84), calibration slope 0.85, and intercept –0.12. Sensitivity was 60% and specificity 65.6%. Dominant-leg hip abduction strength was the only statistically significant predictor (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.96), though stability analyses identified previous hamstring injury as the most consistent contribution despite significance in regression due to limited events. Conclusion: Previous hamstring injury remained the strongest predictor of future injury risk, while reduced dominant-leg hip abduction strength emerged as a candidate risk factor but demonstrated instability under resampling. Neither age nor hamstring isometric strength were significant predictors in this cohort. Model discrimination was modest, calibration indicated mild overfitting, and overall risk of bias was high. This study represents a TRIPOD Category 2 prediction model development without external validation. Findings should therefore be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating, requiring confirmation in larger, methodologically robust cohorts.

Topic: Sports Analytics and Performance
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Learning shapes the aversion and reward responses of lateral habenula neurons

The lateral habenula (LHb) is believed to encode negative motivational values. It remains unknown how LHb neurons respond to various stressors and how learning shapes their responses. Here, we used fiber-photometry and electrophysiology to track LHb neuronal activity in freely-behaving mice. Bitterness, pain, and social attack by aggressors intensively excite LHb neurons. Aversive Pavlovian conditioning induced activation by the aversion-predicting cue in a few trials. The experience of social defeat also conditioned excitatory responses to previously neutral social stimuli. In contrast, fiber photometry and single-unit recordings revealed that sucrose reward inhibited LHb neurons and often produced excitatory rebound. It required prolonged conditioning and high reward probability to induce inhibition by reward-predicting cues. Therefore, LHb neurons can bidirectionally process a diverse array of aversive and reward signals. Importantly, their responses are dynamically shaped by learning, suggesting that the LHb participates in experience-dependent selection of behavioral responses to stressors and rewards.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
ANGULAR CHEILITIS PATIENTS PROFILES AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AT FKG USU DENTAL HOSPITAL IN 2016

Angular cheilitis (AC), an inflammation characterized by fissure lesion at corner of the mouth that extends to the skin referred to as mucocutaneous junction region. Subjective complaints from the potential patients such as pain when eating, talking, and also when cleaning oral cavity. The aim of this study was to know the profile and demographic data of angular cheilitis patients at Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi in 2016. The primary data was obtained from 159 medical records, which is the total sampling. The data collected consists of age, gender, BMI (Body Mass Index), oral hygiene, distribution of lesions and healing period. The results showed that distribution and frequency of angular cheilitis most commonly found in the age range 5-14 (88,7%), male gender (56,6%), BMI with underweight category (79,9%), oral hygiene with moderate category (58,5%), the most frequent distribution of lesions bilaterally (72,3%) and the healing time is more than 7 days (58%). It can be concluded that angular cheilitis can occur among children age group, with poor nutritional status and bad oral hygiene condition. This information is expected to be an input to the government that clinical descriptions of angular cheilitis in children, with BMI underweight, were clues to improve children’s nutritional status and it is required to make a comprehensive improvement to nutritional status and oral hygiene.

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes of AT<sub>2</sub>Receptor Levels in the Rat Adrenal Cortex and Medulla Induced by Bilateral Nephrectomy and Its Modulation by Circulating ANG II

We studied regulation of the AT 2 receptor by investigating the effect of bilateral nephrectomy (bNX) in Sprague–Dawley rats. The expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and AT 2 receptor mRNA was detected by nonradioactive in situ hybridization. AT 2 receptor mRNA was detected in cells of the first two or three subcapsular cell layers of the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and in the medulla of sham-operated animals. After bNX, the number and area of distribution of AT 2 receptor-positive cells increased in the ZG. This was associated with an enlargement of the steroidogenic active ZG and with reduced proliferation rate (sham 5.9 ± 0.9%; bNX 2.4 ± 0.2%; p &gt; 0.02). Infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II; 200 ng/kg/min SC for 56 hr) to bNX rats did not reverse the effect of nephrectomy on the distribution of AT 2 receptor expression, although mRNA levels per cell were reduced compared to NX alone. ANG II infusion decreased proliferation rate further (0.4 ± 0.07%; p &gt; 0.001). In the adrenal medulla after bNX, decreased expression of the AT 2 receptor was associated with increased proliferation (2.6 ± 0.2% vs 6.6 ± 0.5%). These results demonstrate differential regulation of the AT 2 receptor in the adrenal gland and suggest that expression of the AT 2 receptor is involved in regulating proliferation and differentiation in the ZG and medulla. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:649–656, 2001)

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute phase response to endotoxin: rise in plasma alpha-MSH and effects of alpha-MSH injection

Endotoxins, cell wall components of bacteria, cause a number of biological effects, presumably via induction of potent cytokines. Previous research suggests that the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and its COOH-terminal tripeptide reduce the effects of cytokines. These molecules evoke antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Localization of alpha-MSH within lymphocytes and recent observations that alpha-MSH receptors are widespread and that circulating alpha-MSH increases after systemic injection of endogenous pyrogen, a cytokine-containing extract, suggest that the peptide modulates host defense reactions. One aim of the present experiments was to learn whether a rise in circulating alpha-MSH occurs in synchrony with aspects of the acute phase response (APR) in conscious rabbits given endotoxin. A second aim was to learn whether administration of a single large dose of alpha-MSH inhibits all aspects of the APR induced by a low dose of endotoxin. The results indicate that the concentration of circulating alpha-MSH in rabbits does increase along with other changes in the APR (e.g., increase in corticosterone), which suggests that the peptide is widely available to modulate cytokine effects after endotoxin. Contrary to expectations based on previous results, a large dose of the peptide given intravenously inhibited only fever and not other aspects of the APR. The results suggest that the rise in circulating alpha-MSH is an aspect of the APR and that an acute increase in the circulating peptide caused by intravenous injection does not inhibit all other aspects of the host response to endotoxin.

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Programmer's View of the Intel 432 System

The architecture study …begins in Chapter 4 where a number of topics related to object structures and object addressing are treated. Chapter 5 introduces the hardware and system software support for interprocess communication. Here the i432 Port Objects and port operations (SEND, RECEIVE, etc.) are introduced and illustrated. Chapter 6 revisits the architectural and Ada-language support for object structure, emphasizing type management and access control. Many features of the supporting operating system, known as iMAX, especially several of its important “user-interfaces,” are introduced beginning with Chapter 5. The importance of input/output peripheral subsystems and their relationship with the central object-based architecture of the i432 system is recognized by treating this topic separately in Chapter 7. This chapter introduces the reader to the architecture of the i432 Interface Processor and its use as a key component in the Peripheral Subsystem Interface for the Intel 432 System. A message-based model for input/output using this interface is also introduced, along with a discussion of abstractions for I/O device interfaces, both asynchronous and synchronous. The topics of process management, memory management, and object filing, which ma y be of primary interest to system developers and architects, are treated in Chapters 8, 9, and 10. Each chapter describes the iMAX implementations of these services and the user interfaces to these facilities. In the case of process management an iMAX provided “template” is described whose use enab les system programmers to implement their own process managers as needed. Chapter 9 describes the extensive memory management facilities of iMAX and the supporting hardware. These include facilities to support the stack and heap memory resources required, for example, by executing Ada programs. In addition, memory management supports an on-the-fly garbage collector, dynamic memory compaction, and, where configured, a virtual memory management subystem. Chapter 10, as already noted, provides a complete introduction to object filing as it is currently planned. —From the Author's Summary

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
OS1803 Effect of Grains on Local Strain Distribution in Cu Micro-interconnection

Microscopic strain localization in copper (Cu) micro-interconnection, which connects through-hole electrodes in a three-dimensional chip stacking LSI, is examined by using the crystal plasticity finite element method analysis. Analytical models composed of 20 and 1900 grains are prepared on the basis of a nucleation and growth model. Strain localization appears in the models owing to the deformation constraint among grains. Stain concentration in the 1900-grains model is larger than that of the 20-grains model.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing the maximum expendable quota for a milestone financing provided by a venture capitalist

In the expansion phase, young ventures often face a financing bottleneck. Initial company owners seek equity partners, usually in their (extended) network. In this paper, we demonstrate how the state marginal quota model under realistic imperfect market conditions can assist company founders striving for venture capital financed growth in the expansion phase. Applying this model, initial company owners can determine the maximum expendable percentage of ownership for a given milestone financing. This paper also shows that under unrealistic perfect market conditions, there is no apparent reason for venture capital to exist.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Memperkenalkan Sejarah melalui Pendekatan Komunikasi Visual: Studi Kasus Cerita Ken Arok dan Ken Dedes

The development of communication technology has often not aligned with efforts to foster children’s interest in history. History, which often focuses on narratives of past suffering or becomes entangled in debates over truth, tends to be perceived as uninspiring and unappealing. As a result, history is increasingly overlooked, particularly by children, amid the dominance of pop culture. Through a visual communication approach, this community service program developed child-friendly historical narratives and actively involved children as participants. The story of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes, rooted in the history of the Singosari Kingdom in Malang, was chosen as the learning material due to its significance as an important part of local history. The program engaged students of TK Dharma Putra Malang as the participants. This program uses audio-visual design products, storytelling activities based on story books, using activity books as tools of historical learning for kindergarten students, while the students are accompanied by the facilitators who consist of the members of the Community Service team and also the teachers of the school. This approach not only aimed to introduce history to children but also sought to cultivate their interest and pride in the legacy of local culture. The community service initiative demonstrates that introducing history through creative media can enhance children’s enthusiasm and participation in learning history. This program is intended to inspire enjoyable and effective ways of teaching history in the digital age.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Activation and Regulation of Cellular Eicosanoid Biosynthesis

There is a growing appreciation for the wide variety of physiological responses that are regulated by lipid messengers. One particular group of lipid messengers, the eicosanoids, plays a central role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in a receptor-mediated fashion. These mediators are related in that they are all derived from one polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. However, the various eicosanoids are synthesized by a wide variety of cell types by distinct enzymatic pathways, and have diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. In this review, the major pathways involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, as well as key points of regulation, are presented.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Iran&amp;apos;s Cultural Heritage in the “Soft Power” Arsenal of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Iran’s cultural heritage is seen as a powerful “soft power” by various decision-making centers in Iran – and both by the current President Hassan Rouhani, continuing the pragmatic line on “constructive engagement with the world”, and Supreme Leader (rahbar) Seyed Ali Khamenei, striving to “ensure the intellectual and moral security of society” and counter hostile propaganda.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[A case of NARP (neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa) with a T-to-C point mutation at nt 8993 of mitochondrial DNA].

We report a case of NARP with a T-to-C point mutation at nt 8993 of mitochondrial DNA. A 37-year old man with mild mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, and clonic-tonic seizure was admitted to our hospital. The neurological examination revealed scanning speech, dystonic neck turning to the left side, and pyramidal tract signs. Serum-, CSF-lactate and pyruvate level were slightly elevated. Brain MRI findings showed cerebral atrophy, cerebellar cortical atrophy accompanied with dilation of forth ventricle, and high intensity lesions in the bilateral lenticular nuclei on T2 weighted images. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA in the leukocytes demonstrated a T-to-C point mutation at nt 8993. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Japanese patient with NARP associated with the T-to-C mutation at nt 8993 of mt DNA. Mitochondrial DNA analysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with retinitis pigmentosa and various neurological signs.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Destruction of High-Molecular Components of Natural Bitumens over Mesoporous Nickel-Containing Aluminosilicate Catalyst

The studies dealt with the influence of mesoporous aluminosilicate (MP-Al-Si) and its mixture with nanosize nickel powder (MP-Al-Si/Ni) on the product composition of cracking of natural bitumens (Tatarstan Republic) containing less than 7 % of ibp-200°C fractions in an autoclave reactor. Addition of mesoporous aluminosilicate (5 wt.%) to bitumen was shown to favor the deep destruction of high-molecular components and to increase the proportion of fractions boiling aut below 360°C. In the presence of the MP-Al-Si/1%Ni mixture, the coke formation slowed down to less than half, the content of ibp-360 °C fractions being increased by 14.2–14.7 wt % and that of the products tars and asphaltene destruction by 1.4–2.7 wt % against their contents in the bitumen cracking products in the presence of MP-Al-Si. The use of MP-Al-Si allows the effective processing of heavy hydrocarbon materials to gasoline and diesel fraction at low yields of gas and seal products.

Topic: Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
IMC – an integrative review

This paper reviews and integrates extant work in the integrated marketing communication (IMC) literature. With this in mind, three alternative and widely disseminated conceptual frameworks proposed in the IMC literature are employed as a starting point. The review locates important points of theoretical intersection among these three frameworks, and drawing on the wider literature, develops and cross-fertilizes them into IMC constructs. The review then combines the constructs into an integrative framework by proposing theory-driven relationships and formalizing them using testable propositions. The final outcome offers a clearer synthesis and re-conceptualization of IMC.

Topic: Marketing and Advertising Strategies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older people of Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European WorkingGroup on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people living in Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria that include muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance.
Methods: The sample population was based on older people (≥60 years) affiliated with the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Mexico City. Data were derived from the database of the “Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults” (COSFOMA). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the EGWSOP criteria: gait speed (4 m) <0.8 m/s; handgrip strength (using a dynamometer) <20 kg in females or <30 kg in males, and muscle mass index (MMI) <6.1 kg/m2 in females or <8.5 kg/m2 in males (using bioimpedance analysis).
Results: Thousand hundred seventy-seven subjects were included (median age 68.4 years, 60.2% females). 20.5% had low gait speed (19.1% females and 22.6% males); 62.4% had low handgrip strength (69.9% females and 51.2% males) and 12.3% had low muscle mass (9.9% females and 16.0% males). Only 9.9% of older people with sarcopenia (9.0% females and 11.1% males): 1.9% with severe sarcopenia (1.4% females and 2.6% males) and 8.0% with moderate sarcopenia (7.6% females and 8.5% males).
Conclusions: Sarcopenia is present in one of ten community-dwelling older people residing in Mexico City. According to what has been reported in the literature, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Mexican adults is similar to the community-dwelling population.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Statistical Analysis and Adjustment of the Mass/Energy Balances of Processes

An improved technique for data adjustment to satisfy mass/energy balances for single or multiple processing unit systems has been developed. The method was successfully tested on examples from the literature. With this technique, biased data can be detected and sources of error identified and isolated. A multivariate normal distribution for the measurement vector x, was assumed and used to derive a test function vector w, with univariate normal distribution. A chi-square test on w is proposed for detecting biased data. An algorithm for identifying and isolating sources of bias was developed, using standard normal two-sided tests on each element of vector w and using the imbalance of the constraints, e. In the absence of bias, adjusted values of the measurement vector and/or the estimates of missing variables can be obtained. When chemical reactions take place, the extents of the independent reactions are also estimated. The main requirements of this technique are the knowledge of the process constraints and measurement statistics. Implementation of the technique is straightforward and it is suggested that the method be used as a diagnostic aid in process analysis.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences