jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UHF radar observation of strato-tropospheric transfers on the anticyclonic side of a jet streak

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> An observation by UHF ST radar of a subsidence pattern on the right side of the exit region of a jet streak is reported. The onset of the subsidence pattern occurred at 23:30 UTC on the 29 November 1991, when a downward motion was initiated above 14 km. The injections of stratospheric air in this region seem to have an intermittent nature; they occur during at least three intervals during the lifetime of the subsidence pattern. Comparison of these results with an ECMWF analysis suggests that it is an unfolding case. However, observation of turbulent intensities <i>w</i>' greater than 60 cm s<sup>â1</sup> at the tropopause level also suggests the existence of a turbulent flux between the stratosphere and the troposphere. From the turbulence characteristics measured by the radar and the potential temperature profile obtained by radiosonde data, the eddy diffusivity at the tropopause level has been calculated. An eddy diffusion coefficient ranging between 5 and 7 m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>â1</sup> is found. From these values, and with the assumption of a climatological gradient of the volume mixing ratio of ozone in the lower stratosphere, it is possible to deduce a rough estimate of the amount of ozone injected from the stratosphere into the troposphere during this event. A rate of transfer of 1.5Ã10<sup>20</sup> molecules of ozone per day and per square meter is found.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Histone methyltransferase KMT5A gene modulates oncogenesis and lipid metabolism of papillary thyroid cancer inï¿½vitro

KMT5A (known as PR-Set7/9, SETD8 and SET8), a member of the SET domain containing methyltransferase family specifically targeting H4K20 for methylation, has been implicated in multiple biological processes. In the present study, we identified that KMT5A was elevated in 50 pairs of papillary thyroid cancer tissue samples and in cell lines K1 and TPC-1 by qRT-PCR and western blotting, as well as by immunohistochemical staining. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometric analysis revealed that inhibition of KMT5A attenuated proliferation and induced apoptosis. Transwell assays revealed that cell migration and invasion were suppressed in KMT5A-knockdown cells. Moreover, the inhibition of KMT5A arrested the cell cycle in the G1/S phase of papillary thyroid cancer cells. The TCGA data revealed that elevated KMT5A expression was significantly correlated with extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis and advanced pathological stage of papillary thyroid cancer. Furthermore, we observed that inhibition of KMT5A suppressed the expression of SREBP1, SCD, FASN and ACC, key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in papillary thyroid cancer cells. In conclusion, KMT5A may be a novel oncogenic factor, specifically a regulator for lipid metabolism in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
mTORC2 Is Involved in the Induction of RSK Phosphorylation by Serum or Nutrient Starvation

Cells adjust to nutrient fluctuations to restore metabolic homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 responds to nutrient levels and growth signals to phosphorylate protein kinases belonging to the AGC (Protein Kinases A,G,C) family such as Akt and PKC. Phosphorylation of these AGC kinases at their conserved hydrophobic motif (HM) site by mTORC2 enhances their activation and mediates the functions of mTORC2 in cell growth and metabolism. Another AGC kinase family member that is known to undergo increased phosphorylation at the homologous HM site (Ser380) is the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). Phosphorylation at Ser380 is facilitated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in response to growth factor stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that optimal phosphorylation of RSK at this site requires an intact mTORC2. We also found that RSK is robustly phosphorylated at Ser380 upon nutrient withdrawal or inhibition of glycolysis, conditions that increase mTORC2 activation. However, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR did not abolish RSK phosphorylation at Ser380, indicating that mTOR catalytic activity is not required for this phosphorylation. Since RSK and SIN1β colocalize at the membrane during serum restimulation and acute glutamine withdrawal, mTORC2 could act as a scaffold to enhance RSK HM site phosphorylation. Among the known RSK substrates, the CCTβ subunit of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex had defective phosphorylation in the absence of mTORC2. Our findings indicate that the mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of the RSK HM site could confer RSK substrate specificity and reveal that RSK responds to nutrient fluctuations.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Updating Constitutional Rules

The dominant mode of updating constitutional meaning in the United States is via judicial interpretation, or ordinary legislation, rather than constitutional amendment. On the Supreme Court’s current approach to interpretation, this also creates a serious potential problem when it comes to the updating of constitutional “rules”, as opposed to “standards” – because when it comes to such rules, the Court generally declines to adopt an evolutionary approach to the interpretation and also often strikes down attempts by Congress or state legislatures (or even voters) to pass substitute updating legislation existence. The article, however, argues that at least part of this current approach by the Court is mistaken, and that when it comes in particular to attempts by Congress or state legislatures to pass such updating legislation, the Court should instead apply a clear margin of deference to determining the validity of relevant legislative action. While theoretically novel, clear precedent for such an approach can be found in federal courts’ approach to the Treaty Clause, as well as several other constitutional contexts. By its indirect nature, such an approach also largely avoids potential objections to more direct forms of interpretive updating by the Court in the context of various constitutional rules.

Topic: Legal and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hazards and Precautions for the Patient and the Doctor in Diagnostic Roentgenology

Sufficiently large amounts of ionizing radiation can cause death; possible non-lethal effects of large doses include cancer, atrophy of irradiated tissue, depression of immune reactions, and sterility. The authors claim that x-ray examination is justified only when diagnostic benefits outweigh the hazards. Results of a study to determine the amount of gonadal and bodily exposure during common x-ray examinations at a typical hospital are presented along with measures to be taken to reduce the gonadal dose.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predictive HR analytics and talent management: a conceptual framework

Digitisation, new technologies and artificial intelligence demand organisations for new ways of working with a different skill set to accomplish strategic objectives. HR analytics is the scientific solution enabling organisations to make significant human capital and strategic business decisions and thereby gain a competitive advantage. However, theory-based relationships in HR analytics adoption is meagre. Further, there is a paucity of HR analytics literature on the role of contextual factors that affect organisations in building predictive HR analytics (PHRA) capability. Addressing this gap, we develop a conceptual framework through the lens of the Technological-Organisational-Environmental (TOE) framework and Resource-based theory to examine the relationships among the antecedents and consequences of PHRA capability considering talent management under the moderating effect of a data-driven culture. This paper is possibly the first study to propose a theoretical model to examine the effect of PHRA capability on talent management outcomes.

Topic: AI and HR Technologies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effect of Antecedent Mood On Customer Loyalty Intentions: A Mood-By-Gender Interaction

This study suggests that induced antecedent moods may, in a systematic manner, influence subsequent levels of loyalty intention within consumer scenarios. Furthermore, this research finds that there exists differential responses to induced mood states by gender, which fall in line with research on the underlying gender differences in cognitive processing, levels of risk aversion, motivation, and the experience of emotion while shopping. Past studies in this area have shown only a mild connection between induced antecedent mood state and loyalty intentions, which may be due in part to the issue of an emotion by gender interaction. This paper reinforces previous work and extends this relationship to include gender as moderator. With a better understanding of the way in which different mood states influence customer loyalty intentions, a new approach to managing customer mood-states emerges.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Study on the Accuracy and Applicability of the Pushover Analysis

The nonlinear static pushover analysis procedure is now widely used as a simple method to estimate the inelastic seismic response for building structures.However,the accuracy of the method still needs to be validated because of the inherent limitations in its theory.Besides,there are some limitations on the application of this method.In this paper,the accuracy and the applicability of the pushover analysis procedure are verified based on the incremental dynamical analysis method with a 6-storey RC frame and an 18-storey RC frame-wall structure.The comparison between the results of the two methods shows that the pushover method can be used only for low-rise building structures that their responses are controlled by the first modal.It is also shown that for the high-rise building structures which are much influenced by the higher modal,pushover analysis always gives the much lower capacity results.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A systematic literature review of enterprise information systems implementation

Enterprise Information System (EIS) is organization system that can be used to integrate several functional fields of organization, such as planning, manufacturing, marketing, distribution and e-business that can be used to support some management function of an organization as well as expand the business process. Therefore, this paper analyses and classifies EIS components to identify what types of components is a need in implementing EIS based on previous studies. Components in this research are divided into 3, which are: architecture, integration, and networking. Through systematic literature review using the PRISMA method, 15 publications from 2 search databases were chosen in relation to EIS topics. The aim of this study is to know type of components that are needed for EIS implementation. Therefore, through this study, EIS can be applied by choosing either one of more component types that can make an EIS that is accurate and appropriate for the business process.

Topic: Information Technology Governance and Strategy
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Environmental migrations in Central Asia: a multifaceted approach to the issue

Increasingly, studies are considering Central Asia a ‘hot spot’ of climate change and a region prone to environmental migrations. Growing aridity and the shrinking of glaciers may have important impacts on food security, health, human security and infrastructure in the region and compel people to move. Drawing on the literature on environmental issues in Central Asia and on interviews conducted in the Kuhistoni-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, this article provides a literature survey on environmental migrations in the region and positions Central Asia in the current debates within the broad environmental migrations literature. The article shows that environmental issues can stand out as an important push factor for out-migration in Central Asia, highlights the important role of the Soviet heritage of environmental management as well as of post-Soviet socio-economic transformations in understanding these issues, and discusses possible adaptation strategies.

Topic: Transboundary Water Resource Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The social enterprise. An option for local development in the indigenous community of San Ildefonso.

Considering the theoretical contributions of the field of development and social economy, it seeks to answer the research question: How does social entrepreneurship is an option to generate local development in an Indigenous community? To this end we used a qualitative methodology, identifying the case under study, in the indigenous community of San Ildefonso in Amealco, Querétaro, México. Empirical evidence established that, based on proposed projects from the community, it is possible to create social enterprises, which are based on three pillars: the generation of economic and social development, protection of natural environment and respect for the human. Such characteristics are the basis for the development of the community, which has enabled the creation of a comprehensive project which has built generating companies in the sectors of industrial, commercial and service sectors; providing jobs and economic and social improvements. We conclude that it is possible to trigger economic and social development in the community from the creation of social enterprises, provided that there is a commitment by its members.

Topic: Business, Innovation, and Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Barriers to Mental Health Treatment in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey

Objectives: To examine barriers to initiation and continuation of treatment among individuals with common mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS). Methods: The SNMHS is a community-based epidemiological survey in a nationally representative household sample of respondents aged 15–65 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 was used. Predictors of barriers to treatment were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among participants with a 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI disorder (n = 711), 86.1% reported no service use. Of those (n = 597), 50.7% did not think they needed any help (categorized as “low perceived need”) and 49.3% did perceive need. Of those who perceived need (n = 309), the majority (98.9%) reported attitudinal barriers to initiation. In contrast, 10.3% of those with a perceived need reported structural barriers. Respondents who were previously married or indicated below-average income were more likely to believe they needed help. Conclusions: Among people with a diagnosed mental disorder, low perceived need and attitudinal barriers are the primary barriers to mental health treatment in the KSA. The results suggest that addressing poor mental health literacy may be essential factor in reducing the unmet need for mental health treatment in the KSA.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Government Debt and Deficits In Canada: A Macro Simulation Analysis

This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of rising government debt in Canada and the short-run costs and long-run benefits of stemming the rise. The discussion begins with an evaluation of the long-run consequences of increasing government indebtedness, first based on the simple arithmetic of the government's long-run budget constraint, and then based on simulations of the Bank of Canada's main model of the Canadian economy, which incorporates several channels through which government debt may affect real economic activity. The principal conclusion is that the main economic cost of higher government debt is a lower sustainable level of domestic consumption. Simulations with the full dynamic model highlight the trade-off of short-run loss for long-run gain presented by deficit reduction. There are important short-run costs of stemming a rise in debt. However, the results of this paper show that substantial net gains are obtained from doing so, since the present value of the permanent long-term gains in consumption far outweigh these short-term costs. The simulations also suggest that a fiscal contraction would require an easing of monetary conditions relative to what they would have otherwise been to maintain an inflation target.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Differentiation of strains by the utilization of some carbohydrates and spatial distribution of citrus bacterial canker collected from a grove of lemon trees.

Spatial pattern of citrus canker was examined in a lemon grove. Twenty-nine isolates of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri were collected from the symptomatic leaves of lemon trees. All the citrus canker isolates caused corky lesion of citrus canker by pin-prick inoculation on navel orange leaves, confirming their pathogenicity. There was a correlation between the ability of mannitol utilization and the lesion area on navel orange. The physiological properties of bacteria demonstrated that all the isolates were classified into seven strains based on the utilization of carbohydrates （mannitol, mannose, maltose, lactose and malonate）. Strain 1 was the most prevalent type of strain among all the isolates and utilized all five kinds of carbohydrates, generating an aggregated distribution in a lemon grove. These results suggest that in the life cycle of citrus canker, young stem lesions of strain 1 from angular shoots would be potentially the dominant source for secondary infection.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
O1‐02‐05: Exercise and longevity in Alzheimer's disease

Physical activity (PA) may protect against development of AD and may prolong longevity in the general population. Nevertheless, it is not known whether it can prolong survival in patients who have already developed AD. Among community-based individuals in New York, aged ≥65 who were prospectively followed and had available PA assessments, 208 had AD at baseline (prevalent) and 357 were diagnosed with AD at follow-up (incident). Participants' PA (minutes of participation in 3 categories of activities [light, moderate or vigorous] at baseline for prevalent and 2.4 [sd 1.9] years pre-incidence for incident AD) served as the main predictor of mortality (110 [53%] deaths over 3.2 years of follow-up for prevalent and 150 [42%] deaths over 5.2 [sd 4.4] years of follow-up for incident) in Cox models that were adjusted for cohort, age, gender, ethnicity, and education (also duration between PA evaluation and onset of dementia for the incident AD analyses). Additional adjustment for APOE, smoking, dietary habits, caloric intake and baseline cognitive performance did not change the associations. In prevalent AD analyses, compared to participants physically inactive, those who exercised moderately had a mortality HR of 0.87; 95% CI: 0.51-1.48; p = 0.62, while participants with high PA had a mortality risk of 0.45; 0.26-0.78; p = 0.004 (overall HR trend 0.69 [0.53-0.89]; p for trend = 0.005). In incident AD analyses, compared to physically inactive cases, those who exercised moderately had lower risk of dying (0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.80; p = 0.003), while participants with high PA had an even lower mortality risk (0.41; 0.25-0.67; p < 0.001) (overall HR trend 0.63 [0.49-0.81]; p for trend <0.001). Exercise may affect not only AD risk but also its prognosis. Compared with AD patients who did not exercise at all, those who were physically active had 55-59% lower mortality. The possibility of reverse causality (PA being a surrogate index of AD severity) cannot be excluded. However, the fact that the associations were significant in incident AD analyses and despite adjusting for cognitive performance, makes this possibility less likely.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Turkey: A Pilot Study of Elder Mistreatment in a Convenience Sample

Attitudes towards elder abuse were explored through a survey on International Perspectives on Family Violence and Abuse in a Turkish convenience sample of 25 females and 14 males, ranging in age from 22 to 58. Participants gave examples of behaviors considered in their culture to be extremely abusive, moderately abusive, and mildly abusive from an adult child toward his or her older parent. Responses were coded into four major categories of abuse, each of which had several subcategories: psychological aggression (including the subcategories of verbal aggression, emotional abuse, disrespect, disobedience, power assertion, blame, and imprisonment), neglect (including physical neglect, psychological neglect, abandonment, and putting the older individual into a nursing home), physical aggression (including beating and hitting), and mistreatment related to goods and services (including economic demands, economic withholding, and labor). The most common examples of extreme abuse were neglect, particulary physical neglect, followed by physical abuse. At the moderate and mild levels, various forms of psychological aggression were most commonly mentioned. The only significant gender difference was that men listed more instances of verbal aggression as examples of extreme abuse than women. A positive correlation was found between age and the number of abandonment examples at the extreme level. Results were interpreted from a cultural perspective.

Topic: Elder Abuse and Neglect
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences