jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Academic Staff Disposition To Promotion Criteria In Nigerian Universities

This study aimed at determining academic staff satisfaction with promotion criteria and what, in their view, should be included in the promotion criteria. A researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized for data collection from a sample size of 349 academic staff. Findings show that the majority of the academic staff were dissatisfied with the promotion practices. Academic staff were satisfied with promotion criteria that had to do with required number of publications but dissatisfied with those related to computer literacy and international publication requirements. An oral interview before promotion was advocated for inclusion into the promotion criteria by academic staff. Evolving a more holistic criterion for promotion of academic staff was recommended.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preference for Facial Symmetry Depends on Study Design

Facial symmetry is purportedly attractive, though methods for measuring preference for facial symmetry vary between studies. Some studies have used a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task, while others have used a ratings task. How researchers manipulate facial symmetry also varies; some studies have used faces manipulated to be more (or perfectly) symmetrical, while others have used faces manipulated to be more asymmetrical. Here, across three studies, we evaluate and compare these different methods. In Studies 1 and 2 (N = 340 and 256, respectively), we compare facial symmetry preferences as measured by the 2AFC and ratings tasks. Across both studies, we consistently found a significant preference for facial symmetry when using the 2AFC task, but not with the ratings task. Additionally, correlations between facial symmetry preferences as measured by the two tasks were weak or showed no association. In Study 3, 159 participants rated the attractiveness of faces manipulated to be either symmetrical or more asymmetrical. The asymmetrical faces were rated as significantly less attractive compared to the original faces, while the difference in attractiveness ratings between the original and symmetrical versions was comparatively much smaller. These studies suggest that preference for facial symmetry depends greatly on the study design.

Topic: Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
School efficiency model: an application of data envelopment analysis and theil inequality in urban and rural areas, Sabah

Education plays an important role in economics and national development of a country. It helps to reduce poverty, enhance quality of life, and improve health condition. Education also helps to reduce the social and ethnic disparity among population in a country. From economic perspective, level of education and the distribution among groups in a country are affecting income distribution, and also the economic growth. The inefficiency in education caused wastage of resources. Besides that, inequality in education among population increase education gaps
between groups. This make large portion of revenue being occupied by the well-educated minority and the illiteracy majority continuously live in the poverty. Therefore, the understanding of efficiency and education inequality is crucial. In developing countries, the disadvantage of education quality in rural area has been the main focus in many literatures as rural areas produce weaker students'
performance. This study focused on estimating the efficiency of schools in urban and rural areas and identifying the effects of parents' education, quality of schools principal and private tutoring on schools' efficiency. Apart from efficiency, education inequality was measured for schools, districts and urban-rural areas. Education inequality was further decomposed to between-group and within-group inequality. The efficiency of secondary schools was measured by using Data Envelopment Analysis, while the educational inequality was estimated by employing the Theil index. By using secondary schools in Sabah as case study, the empirical result shows that there is a significant difference of school efficiency between the urban and rural areas. School efficiency in urban area is mainly affected by the initial ability of student and private tutoring that conducted. On the other hand, initial ability, parent education and the role of schools principal have significant impact on efficiency in rural area. It is observed that the overall education inequality has decreased from 2009 to 2013. However, from the decomposition of Theil index, the
between-urban-rural inequality has widened. Similar result is observed for between districts-inequality. Therefore, it is proposed that schools and policy makers take appropriate action to schools in rural areas to become more efficient and thus prevent gap widen in between-rural-urban inequality.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A case of triazolam abuse

Abstract A case of abuse of triazolam, a short‐acting benzodiazepine, was experienced. A 35‐year‐old male, with a tendency to mixed drug dependence with nitrazepam, etc., and a background of neurotic anxiety and insomnia, started self‐administration of triazolam. Application of triazolam was frequent, with large doses up to a maximum of 80 mg/day (320 times the recommended daily dose of 250 micrograms). In addition to psychic dependence, occurrence of withdrawal symptoms confirmed formation of physical dependence, which was also supported by EEG together with the appearance of various autonomic and psychic symptoms. Even though triazolam is known to be comparatively safe, this case confirms that it can induce physical dependence upon frequent administration of a large amount, together with psychic dependence, and therefore care must be taken with regard to dosage. In particular, self‐administration of the drug should be strictly controlled.

Topic: Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Recent Trends in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Fission Product Transport From Fuel to Primary Coolant of PWRs

With over 437 operational power plants, nuclear systems contribute 370705 MW(e) worldwide [1]. The Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) constitute a two-third majority of the operational nuclear power plants while the nuclear reactors in planning and construction phases also show strong trend towards PWRs. These systems are mainly used as baseline load carriers while conventional fossil fueled systems are used for load adjustments and variations [2]. The PWRs have higher than average levels of radiation fields emanating from the corrosion and fission product activity [3] [4] [5]. This leads to prolongation of maintenance schedules entailing loss of revenues mounting to several million dollars per plant annually [6]. Consequently, the plant availability factors are also lowered. This situation is further aggravated due to strong shift of plant age profile toward over 25 years operational range. With plant aging, the fuel failures become more frequent which leads to enhancement of radiation levels in the primary circuits of PWRs. The levels of fission product activity (FPA) have been of concern both from the operational as well as from accidental perspectives. These levels are continuously monitored during the normal operation of PWRs. The fuel pins develop leakages with their burnup. When the failed fuel fraction exceeds a safe limit, replacement of defective assemblies by refueling becomes necessary. Therefore, low levels of leaked-out fission products (FPs) in primary coolant of PWRs are indicative of the core health [7]. In the accidental conditions, the total value of FPA serves as the available source term that potentially can escape into the surroundings [8] [9]. The fission products are released in the fuel matrix during burnup. They escape from the ceramic pellets into the gap between pellets and the clad regions. Hyun et al. [10] have developed an analytic method for the fuel rod gap inventory of unstable fission products during steady state operation of PWRs. The fission gas bubbles escape from grain corners and are interlinked in the open space. The release rate depends on the bubble interlinkage along with temperature and burnup. A generalized model for fission product transport in the fuel-to-sheath gap was given by Lewis [11]. Barrachin et al. presented a review of fission product behaviour in UO2 fuel [12].

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

This chapter reviews the evidence regarding the role of weight loss in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Strategies to improve adherence to diet and physical activity interventions that have been shown to be most effective for individuals with type 2 diabetes are also reviewed. Evidence for the role of lifestyle changes in successful long-term weight loss maintenance is provided. Lastly, recent efforts to disseminate successful weight loss interventions are described.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antimicrobial Drugs Obtained from Marine Algae

In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance to various synthetic or chemically formed antimicrobial agents in medicines and food products has been observed. The high preference of consumers for purchasing food products free from chemical preservatives has led to more exploration into using antimicrobial agents from natural sources like plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria. The marine ecosystem comprises microorganisms, plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates that are rich sources of diverse antimicrobial products and can be a significant potential for developing novel type therapeutic agents, as the major portion of the sea has still not yet been examined for the evaluation of natural molecules for their antimicrobial activity. Such marine ecological niches promise a great source of antibacterial agents against many drugresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. Among the marine source, marine algae are a diverse group of organisms that includes brown, red, and green algae that have been targeted over the last few years for the secondary metabolites and a broad range of natural molecules for a broad spectrum of bioactivities beneficial to humans. Such bioactive compounds and secondary products possess a broad range of biological activities of antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. The class of compounds derived from marine algae, such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, lectins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and halogenated compounds, would be a new emerging area for unconventional drugs. Such classes of compounds will share a potent ability to control new diseases or tackling against multi-resistant strains of pathogens.&lt;br&gt;

Topic: Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Table 2 from Rapid diversification of vascular architecture underlies the Carboniferous fern radiation

Table S2: The loadings that best describe each of the 5 clusters of vascular architecture. MeanIn Category, sd in category describes the mean and standard deviation of the loading value for the specific vascular architecture. Overall mean and Overall sd describes the mean and standard deviation of the loading for all individuals in the analysis. The p.value denotes whether the mean loading for the specific vascular architecture is significantly different from the overall mean.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Transfer Pricing Based on Actual Cost

This paper analyzes a simple transfer-pricing policy based on the actual cost of production. I show that the performance of actual cost-based transfer pricing can be improved by using an additive markup above the unit production cost. I also show that this additive policy dominates an entire class of alternative markup policies, including the more common multiplicative policy, in which the transfer price is set at the actual cost plus a percentage markup. The optimal additive markup is shown to increase with increasing prices for the firm's product, and decrease with the cost of the supplying division's investment.

Topic: Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Pseudoscopic-free and multi-view 3D displays using invisible area generated by polarized slit barrier

A display system requiring no special glasses is a useful technology for 3D images. The rear projection lenticular 3D display system using a projector has superior characteristics, such as having a large screen with wide field of view. However, a conventional system has disadvantages such that the observer perceives reverse images when he views a left image by his right eye and vice versa. To solve this problem, this paper describes the technique of making invisible area using a polarized slit barrier. Using this technique, we propose the 3D display using polarized slit for elimination of pseudoscopic viewing area to solve the pseudoscopic image problem. Moreover, we describe a development of new system for displaying 4-views images. This is the stereoscopic display with the 4-views using the combination of a parallax polarized slit and cylindrical lenses. It is possible that the image resolution of each view is reduced both horizontally and vertically using this combination. This 4-views stereoscopic 3D displays can avoid the horizontal resolution problem of conventional system.

Topic: Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Histopathological Analysis of Selected Organs of Rats with Congenital Babesiosis Caused by Babesia microti

Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease with an increasing number of cases each year. Due to the non-specific symptoms of babesiosis, insightful analyses of the pathogenesis of babesiosis are still very important. Transmission of the disease occurs in a few ways, which makes laboratory diagnosis of piroplasmosis important. Complications associated with the infection can be tragic, especially in patients with immunological disorders. The aim of this study was the histopathological analysis of the spleen and kidney of young Wistar rats infected transplacentally with Babesia microti. Female rats were infected with a reference strain of B. microti (ATCC 30221), and then, birth 3-week-old males were euthanized with isoflurane. Subsequently, the material was collected at autopsy for microscopic and ultrastructural examination. Microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of the spleen and kidney showed degenerative changes within the organ parenchyma and the capsules surrounding the organ. Regenerative and reparative changes through mitotic divisions of parenchymal cells were also evident. Merozoites of B. microti were visible in the section of erythrocytes and the cells building the organ stroma. The results presented in this study proved the negative effects of B. microti on cells and tissues in rats with congenital babesiosis.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Solanum section Aculeigerum

Collections used in the preparation of the publication of a taxonomic revision of Solanum section Aculeigerum. The data are presented in two formats: 1) a static pdf file of an index to numbered collections, and 2) a searchable csv file of all collection data. Publication citation: Clark JL, Bohs L, Nee M and Knapp S (2015) A Revision of _Solanum_ section _Aculeigerum_ (the _Solanum wendlandii_ group, Solanaceae). _Systematic Botany_ 40(4): 1102-1136. (published online 15 December 2015). __Abstract of publication__: _Solanum_ section _Aculeigerum_ Seithe (the _Solanum wendlandii_ group, Solanaceae) comprises eight species ranging from Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and Peru with one species in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. One species, _Solanum wendlandii_, is commonly cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, and one new species from southern Mexico, _Solanum triunfense_ S. Knapp sp. nov., is described here. Members of section _Aculeigerum_ are differentiated from other sections of _Solanum_ by a combination of plurifoliate sympodial units, branched inflorescences, presence of prickles coupled with absence of stellate trichomes, and a vine-like habit. Unlike most other prickly species of _Solanum_, which are placed into subgenus _Leptostemonum_, they lack stellate hairs, and phylogenetic studies suggest that the section is one of several potential sister groups for the spiny solanums. A key, descriptions, habitat and distribution data, preliminary conservation assessments, specimens examined and illustrations are provided for all species in section _Aculeigerum_. Lectotypes are designated for the following five names: _S. aculeolatum_ M. Martens &amp; Galeotti, _S. mazatenangense_ Coult. &amp; Donn. Sm., _S. molinarum_ J. L. Gentry, _S. pachyandrum_ Bitter, and _S. sagranum_ A. Rich., and neotypes are designated for _S. glaucescens_ Zucc. and _S. wendlandii_ Hook. f.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Population Traits and a Female Perspective for Aglae and Exaerete, Tropical Bee Parasites (Hymenoptera, Apinae: Euglossini)

Size variation of both males and females leads to taxonomic confusion regarding wholly parasitic euglossines. The six most widespread species, Exaerete frontalis, E. smaragdina, E. dentata, E. trochanterica, E. lepeletieri, and Aglae caerulea, ranged from 12.5 to 28 mm in length (n = 522; 50 females; 472 males), and within species, some were 40-80% larger than others. The size of E. lepeletieri matches E. smaragdina and E. dentata, but not E. frontalis , which it was said to resemble. Female E. lepeletieri, here described from Amazonian Ecuador, has a range shown to also include French Guiana and Suriname. Female Aglae and Exaerete were larger than males. Statistically, female Exaerete tended toward larger individuals more than did males. Each species should parasitize Eulaema and Eufriesea that have comparable size and provisions; thus multiple hosts may cause parasite size variation. Unknown factors may promote host resource partitioning between sympatric parasites, which include up to six in Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador, the richest known euglossine community. Scutellum and metafemur punctation, sculpture and the frontal knob of both sexes, and male mesotibial tuft and metafemur permit easy identification of the six common species and E. azteca . Existence of E. kimseyae in Panama is questionable, while E. dentata there is certainly rare. The female tibial scoop, a structure in both Aglae and Exaerete , with a proposed function in material transport, is discussed. No new phylogenetic interpretation is presented.

Topic: Fossil Insects in Amber
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives of the ChrysinFlavonoid as Anticancer Agents

Background and Objective: Chrysin and its derivatives proved to possess potential anti-tumour activity. Materials and Methods: A new series of chrysin analogs containing 1,2,3-triazoles with different substituent groups (5a-5l) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Resulsts: The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were studied in four cancer cell lines viz. PC3, PC3-PSMA, MCF-7 and UM-UC-3 using doxorubicin as standard. Among all the tested compounds, 5c was found as most active with IC50 value of 10.8 ± 0.04 μM in PC3 cells and 20.53 ± 0.21 μMin MCF-7 cells, respectively. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that synthesized compounds 5a, 5c, and 5h arrested MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Chyrsin derivatives could be novel anticancer agents.

Topic: Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The photosynthetic physiological properties of Illicium lanceolatum plants growing under different light intensity conditions

In this study, the photosynthetic properties and CO2 conductance of four-year old plants of Illicium lanceolatum were measured under three different light conditions (full light, half shadow and shadow) treatments. The results show that during the peak growth season, compared to those under full light, plants growing under half shadow light condition had the highest net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water usage efficiency and higher solar energy utilization efficiency (SUE), these plants had the lowest transpiration ratio (Tr) which was the strategy for achieving high photosynthesis and water utilization efficiency. Partial shading has improved SUE of plants. For plants growing under all of three light conditions, the light saturation point (LSP) increased initially then declined in response to increasing light intensity. Light compensation point (LCP) declined when plants were growing under shaded condition with less amount of light. The daily maximum value of net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and the apparent quantum yield (AQY) decreased in the order of half shadow>shadow>full light. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the three light conditions. Plants growing under half shadow had the highest light utilization efficiency. Results from this study indicate that half shadow light condition is the most suitable light condition for I. lanceolatum. The partial shade environment promoted rapid growth and accumulation of biomass of the species. This study provided the scientific bases for domestication and cultivation of shikimic acid rich plants.

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstracts of the X Forum on Translational Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy (FIT Cancer 10)

The Spanish Group for Cancer Immuno-Biotherapies (GÉTICA) held the X Forum on Translational Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy (FIT Cancer 10) from 14 to 16 March 2024, in Seville (Spain). FIT Cancer is the largest meeting uniquely focused on cancer immunotherapy in Spain and brings together clinicians and researchers, with expertise in the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Here, we present abstracts submitted by GÉTICA’s members to the X Forum on Translational Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, which were divided into three topics: cell-based immunotherapies, novel therapeutic targets and strategies and clinical scenarios and potential biomarkers.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences