jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving facial expression analysis using histograms of Log-Transformed Nonnegative Sparse Representation with a Spatial Pyramid Structure

Facial activity is the most direct signal for perceiving emotional states in people. Emotion analysis from facial displays has been attracted an increasing attention because of its wide applications from human-centered computing to neuropsychiatry. Recently, image representation based on sparse coding has shown promising results in facial expression recognition. In this paper, we introduce a novel image representation for facial expression analysis. Specifically, we propose to use the histograms of nonnegative sparse coded image features to represent a facial image. In order to capture fine appearance variations caused by facial expression, logarithmic transformation is further employed on each nonnegative sparse coded feature. In addition, the proposed Histograms of Log-Transformed Nonnegative Sparse Coding (HLNNSC) features are calculated and organized in a pyramid-like structure such that the spatial relationships among the features are captured and utilized to enhance the performance of facial expression recognition. Extensive experiments on the Cohn-Kanade database show that the proposed approach yields a significant improvement in facial expression recognition and outperforms the other sparse coding based baseline approaches. Furthermore, experimental results on the GEMEP-FERA2011 dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach is promising for recognition under less controlled and thus more challenging environment.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Social influence and impact of social media on users’ mobility decisions

Social media are deemed influential in making decisions and seeking advice. Due to their explosive growth as critical channels for information, their content can trigger a place visit, a change of transport mode or destination, or plans’ cancellation. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of social media on users’ activity and mobility planning. Responses of 738 participants in a digital survey were used to formulate ordinal regression models. The developed models determine the contribution of users’ demographic characteristics, travel characteristics and social media usage to mobility decisions after using social media as a source of information. These decisions were expressed in two dependent variables; (i) the impact of social media use in activity and mobility planning; (ii) the impact of the proposed transport mode by social media information, on mode choice. Analysis of the results indicated that the models, which considered all the characteristics together, could better predict the two variables.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modulation of myogenic responsiveness by CO2 in rat diaphragmatic arterioles: role of the endothelium

The effect of hypercapnia on the myogenic response was determined in arterioles (80- to 100-microm internal diameter) isolated from the diaphragms of rats killed by decapitation. All arterioles were exposed to step changes in intraluminal pressure over a range of 10-200 mmHg and had no flow through their lumen. In five separate groups of vessels (n = 7 per group), PCO2 of the superfusing buffer was adjusted to 40, 60, 80, 90, or 100 mmHg. In three further groups of vessels (n = 7 per group), the endothelium was removed by low-pressure air perfusion (2 ml at 20 mmHg) and PCO2 of the superfusing buffer was adjusted to 40, 80, or 100 mmHg. In endothelium-intact vessels, increasing PCO2 to 80 mmHg enhanced the myogenic response, as reflected by a negative slope of the pressure-diameter relationship (slope = -0.164 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.004 +/- 0.02 for vessels at PCO2 = 40 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05). With a PCO2 of 100 mmHg, dilation accompanied increasing intraluminal pressure and the slope of the pressure-diameter curve was positive (0.154 +/- 0.03, P &lt; 0.05 for difference from vessels at PCO2 = 40 mmHg). In deendothelialized vessels, the curve was shifted upward in a parallel manner during exposure to increased PCO2 levels. Moderate hypercapnia (PCO2 &lt; 80 mmHg) elicits endothelium-dependent enhancement of myogenic tone. Severe hypercapnia (PCO2 &gt; 80 mmHg) inhibits myogenic tone through a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle and through endothelium-dependent inhibitory mechanisms.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing Anger

SUMMARY African-American male risk and resilience is viewed as two sides of the same coin in this study that investigates the stability of cluster profiles of racial socialization beliefs. Responses of 208 urban African-American adolescent males from three different samples were used to empirically derive factors of spiritual/ religious coping, extended family caring, cultural pride reinforcement, and racial awareness, which were then submitted to exploratory and confirmatory cluster analyses. Three reliable clusters were found across the samples and were identified as protective, proactive, and adaptive racial socialization beliefs. One-way ANOVAs were conducted on each sample separately and then combined with various psychosocial variables including anger expression, depression, religiosity, calamity fears, and kinship social support. The results supported the hypothesis that young males who hold an adaptive or proactive racial socialization identity tend to demonstrate more prosocial adjustment outcomes. The implications for prevention and community services are suggested.

Topic: Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploratory Study of Equivalence under Conjoint Select and Reject Control

Abstract Carrigan and Sidman Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 58 , 183-204, (1992) proposed that select and reject arbitrary conditional relations are equivalence relations, each resulting in the emergence of alternative stimulus equivalence classes. The standard matching to sample (MTS) procedure can potentially teach both select and reject conditional relations, which apparently would prevent the emergence of equivalence relations, although there is extensive evidence for the emergence of equivalence with the standard MTS procedure. One possibility is that participants trained with the standard MTS procedure predominantly learn one type of control over the other. Experiment 1 explores the implementation of a Detached-MTS procedure, which separately trains the select and reject conditional relations involved in the Standard-MTS procedure. The results suggest that the emergence of equivalence relations may be compatible with conjoint select and reject conditional control. In Experiment 2, the Detached-MTS procedure succeeds in replicating the emergence of equivalence under exclusive select control but not under exclusive reject control, which conditions the findings of Experiment 1. The sources of control associated with the emergence of equivalence in the standard MTS procedure and some methodological issues of the Detached-MTS procedure are discussed.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Using partially state-owned enterprises for development in Indonesia

The Indonesian government, under Joko Widodo, has begun to actively use partially state-owned enterprises (PSOEs) to achieve its development goals. This government has pursued its plans despite minority shareholders’ dissatisfaction with the shift in PSOEs’ corporate goals towards national development objectives. This paper investigates the state’s influence on PSOEs by analysing the government’s direct and indirect ownership, control of corporate governance and financial systems, and inter-firm relations. The paper demonstrates that the business system, under the government’s strong influence, has enabled Indonesian PSOEs to focus on carrying out development projects and shielded PSOEs from minority shareholders’ demands.

Topic: State Capitalism and Financial Governance
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Protection of chickens by ribosomal vaccines from Pasteurella multocida: Dependence on homologous lipopolysaccharide

SUMMARY Chickens were protected against fowl cholera by ribosomal vaccines prepared from noncapsulated Pasteurella multocida . Passive hemagglutination ( pha ) titers to lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) and the degree of protection conferred by ribosomal vaccines were diminished or abolished when ribosomes were chromatographed on an immunoadsorbent column. Addition of subimmunogenic amounts of serotype 1 (homologous) lps to highly purified ribosomes resulted in vaccines that protected against challenge exposure and produced pha titers to homologous lps . Addition of serotype 5 lps to highly purified ribosomes did not protect chickens against challenge exposure with serotype 1 P multocida , but produced pha titers to serotype 5 lps . Combinations of serotype 1 ribosomal RNA and serotype 1 (homologous) lps did not protect chickens or produce pha titers to lps . Purified ribosomes from Brucella abortus, Aspergillus fumigatus , and chicken liver were combined with lps from P multocida and were evaluated as vaccines. Brucella abortus and A fumigatus ribosomes combined with lps protected chickens as well as did bacterin made from whole cells of P multocida . Chicken liver ribosomes combined with lps did not provide protection. To determine whether a protein carrier would substitute for ribosomes, methylated bovine albumin ( mba ) was combined with lps and evaluated as a vaccine. A serologic response to lps was induced by mba-lps vaccine, but the vaccine offered no better protection than when lps was used alone as vaccine. Ribosome- lps vaccines produced serologic responses to lps that were at least 5-fold greater than those produced by mba-lps vaccine.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Strategies of (Un)belonging: The Captivities of John Smith, Olaudah Equiano, and John Marrant

One of the most exciting areas of Early American scholarship in recent years has been that of narratives that relate an individual’s experience of captivity or enslavement. Often, however, these texts have been interpreted through a Eurocentric lens. Pauline Turner Strong (2002) comments: “the assumptions embedded in conceptualizing indigenous practices such as ‘captivity,’ ‘adoption,’ and ‘slavery’… have led to blind spots, misconceptions, and poorly framed controversies.” She suggests that incorporation and subordination are more satisfactory terms to designate the processes of transformation following “captivity,” which is in turn defined as “the assertion of power over a person or group resulting in dislocation, physical confinement, and social transformation” (p. 339).

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on a Bromouracil‐Labelled DNA Fraction Induced by Antigenic Stimulation

When primed guinea‐pig lymph‐node cells are incubated in vitro with homologous antigen and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxy‐[ 3 H]uridine, a peak of intermediate density appears between hybrid and normal DNA. This peak does not result from the attachment of a low density substance to DNA, since it is still present in denaturation conditions or after extensive digestion by pronase or phospholipase. By contrast, it disappears after DNA breakage by sonication, indicating that it results from end‐to‐end joining of labelled and unlabelled DNA segments.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Authoethnography in the study of football fan culture. Theoretical and methodological reflections by way of football rivarly research

Abstract The article reflects on the use of autoethnography in researching football fan culture. It identifies the benefits and challenges of using autoethnography as a strategy and a research method for understanding football fan culture. Despite numerous examples of the use of autoethnography in football research, including supporter studies, it has yet to be considered from a strictly theoretical perspective on the methodological dilemmas of the researcher–football fan. The article critically analyses the entire process of autoethnographic research, which led to the conceptualisation of a research project on perceptions of football competitions. This paper is the result of a clash between a junior scientist’s original research concept and a more experienced ethnographic researcher’s critical approach and reflects the discussion between them. The authors believe that the conclusions reached may be helpful for researchers in the field of humanities and social sciences considering using autoethnography in their research.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Timber industries of Pennsylvania, 1988. Forest Service resource bulletin (Final)

Evaluates regional timber output of Pennsylvania. Results are based on a survey of primary processing mills located in the state, and of mills in other states that used wood from Pennsylvania. Contains statistics on industrial timber production and mill receipts and the production and final end use of manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made between historical and current data, and trends in industrial wood output are noted. Contains graphics and statistical tables.

Topic: Forest Management and Policy
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl Fed Diets Containing Yellow Maize, Millet and White Sorghum as Energy Sources and Raised under Intensive System

This study investigated growth performance of guinea fowl fed diets containing 3 cereal grains as energy sources in comparison to commercial broiler diets. Birds were raised under intensive system from 3 to 16 weeks of age. A completely randomized design was used where 160 keets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 40 birds with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure of Statistical Analysis Software (version 9.0). The results showed that dietary treatment did not (P>0.05) influence body length, body circumference, wing stretch, shank length and neck length of guinea fowl. From 3 to 16 weeks of age feed intake was significantly (P<0.0001) lower for control diet (13714.79±209.65 g) than maize (16085±209.65 g), millet (1609.63±209.65 g) and sorghum (15872±209.65 g) diets. Furthermore, FCR was significantly (P<0.0001) lower on control diet (11.33±0.37) than maize (13.91±0.37), millet (14.90±0.37) and sorghum (13.72±0.37) diets. Average weekly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) lower for birds on millet diet (82.98±2.18 g) than birds on control (93.14±2.18 g), maize (89.25±2.18 g) and sorghum (89.03±2.18 g) diets. These results suggest that cereal grains can be used in guinea fowl diets without affecting performance

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A new bivariate autoregressive model driven by logistic regression

In this paper, we propose a new bivariate random coefficient autoregressive (BOD-RCAR(1)) process driven by both explanatory variables and past observations. Firstly, some statistical properties of this model are derived. Secondly, three methods are used for estimating the unknown parameters: conditional least squares (CLS), conditional maximum likelihood (CML) and maximum empirical likelihood (MEL). The asymptotic properties of the estimators are given. Besides, two kinds of test based on empirical likelihood (EL) are established. A simulation experiment is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Finally, an application to a real data example is investigated to assess the performance of the model.

Topic: Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Effect of radix Achyranthis bidentatae on memory and endurance].

After P. O. decoction of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, continuously for seven days in mice, the drug could effectively improve the acquisition of memory of mice, significantly enhance the endurance of mice. The results indicated that the decoction of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae has the actions of enhancing memory and endurance.

Topic: Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Performance evaluatio of MPEG-4 visual error resilient tools over a mobile channel

MPEG-4 is the most recent standard for audiovisual representation published by International Organization for Standardization, targeted for future interactive multimedia video communications calling for content-based functionalities, universal access in error prone environments and high coding efficiency. Besides the provisions for content-based functionalities, the MPEG-4 video coding standard will assist the efficient storage and transmission of very low bit rate video in error prone environments. This makes MPEG-4 a good candidate for video coding standard for Terrestrial Trunked Radio Standard (TETRA) video transmission. This paper presents the overall performance of a communication system used to transmit MPEG-4 encoded video over TETRA channels. The video quality that can be achieved at different channel conditions employing different combination of MPEG-4 built-in error resilient tools are presented in this paper.

Topic: Video Coding and Compression Technologies
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of Water on CWM Gasification Reactivity.

The effect of water on gasification reactivity is studied experimentally for the case of gasification of coal-water mixture (CWM). In this study, CWM, dry coal and dry coal with water vapor, the total amount of which is as same as that contained in the CWM are used. In all experiments, the chemical species produced, the residual volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), C, H and N molar numbers in both VM and FC, the distribution of particle diameter, the specific surface area and the structure of coal surface are analyzed along the axis of furnace. As a result, the gasification reactivity of CWM is the highest among the three fuels, since water vapor directly reacts with the dense chemical species around a particle. This phenomenon plays a part for the increase of specific surface area and the improvement of gasification efficiency.

Topic: Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
National Health Insurance or Incremental Reform: Aim High, or at Our Feet?

Single-payer national health insurance could cover the uninsured and upgrade coverage for most Americans without increasing costs; savings on insurance overhead and other bureaucracy would fully offset the costs of improved care. In contrast, proposed incremental reforms are projected to cover a fraction of the uninsured, at great cost. Moreover, even these projections are suspect; reforms of the past quarter century have not stemmed the erosion of coverage. Despite incrementalists’ claims of pragmatism, they have proven unable to shepherd meaningful reform through the political system. While national health insurance is often dismissed as ultra left by the policy community, it is dead center in public opinion. Polls have consistently shown that at least 40%, and perhaps 60%, of Americans favor such reform.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation

Fieldbuses, particularly wireless fieldbuses, offer a multitude of benefits to process control and automation. Fieldbuses replace point-to-point technology with digital communication networks, offering increased data availability and easier configurability and interoperability. Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation discusses the newest fieldbuses on the market today, detailing their utilities, components and configurations, wiring and installation methods, commissioning, and safety aspects under hostile environmental conditions. This clear and concise text: Considers the advantages and shortcomings of the most sought after fieldbuses, including HART, Foundation Fieldbus, and Profibus Presents an overview of data communication, networking, cabling, surge protection systems, and device connection techniques Provides comprehensive coverage of intrinsic safety essential to the process control, automation, and chemical industries Describes different wireless standards and their coexistence issues, as well as wireless sensor networks Examines the latest offerings in the wireless networking arena, such as WHART and ISA100.11a Offering a snapshot of the current state of the art, Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation not only addresses aspects of integration, interoperability, operation, and automation pertaining to fieldbuses, but also encourages readers to explore potential applications in any given industrial environment.

Topic: Security and Verification in Computing
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tiotropium + olodaterol provides significant lung-function benefits compared to fluticasone + salmeterol regardless of prior bronchodilator use

<b>Introduction:</b> The ENERGITO<sup>®</sup> study demonstrated superior lung function with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium + long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist (LABA) olodaterol (T+O) compared to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone + LABA salmeterol (F+S) in patients with COPD. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate if lung-function benefits of T+O compared to F+S were affected by prior ICS, LAMA or LABA treatment in ENERGITO<sup>®</sup>. <b>Methods:</b> In ENERGITO<sup>®</sup> (1237.11, NCT01969721; Phase IIIb, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, four-period crossover), patients with moderate to severe COPD received once-daily T+O 2.5/5 or 5/5 µg and twice-daily F+S 250/50 or 500/50 µg for 6 weeks. A <i>post hoc</i> analysis evaluated FEV<sub>1</sub> AUC<sub>0–12</sub> and AUC<sub>0–24</sub> responses in patients with or without LAMA, LABA or ICS therapy at screening. We describe results comparing T+O 5/5 µg to both doses of F+S. <b>Results:</b> 229 patients were enrolled and treated: 123 received prior LAMA, 141 LABA, 109 ICS. T+O significantly improved FEV<sub>1</sub> AUC<sub>0–12</sub> and AUC<sub>0–24</sub> responses in patients with or without prior LAMA, LABA or ICS therapy compared to F+S (Table). <b>Conclusions:</b> In ENERGITO<sup>®</sup>, patients with moderate or severe COPD showed improved lung function with T+O compared to F+S regardless of prior treatment. T+O is a better choice than LABA/ICS to optimise lung function when initiating maintenance treatment. <b>Funding:</b> Boehringer Ingelheim.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences