jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: a population-based study using the 2016 demograhic and health survey data

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Timely breastfeeding initiation is a simple but important measure that has protective effects on infants and mothers. This study aims to determine the predictors of early breastfeeding initiation among mothers residing in Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study employed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 5546 children born during the last 24 months at the time of survey were included for analysis from nine regional states and two city administration areas. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors including individual, household and community-level factors were examined of their significance against the outcome variable of early initiation of breastfeeding using a mixed-effect logistic regression model.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;The proportion of infants who had timely initiation of breastfeeding was 74.3% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3064). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, mothers who delivered with assistance of one or more health professionals had 68% (AOR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.29) higher odds of initiating timely breastfeeding. In addition, mothers delivering by a caesarean section had 86% reduced odds of early breastfeeding initiation (AOR 0.14; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.22) when compared to mothers who had vaginal delivery. In terms of socio-demographic factors, the odds of early breastfeeding initiation were more than two and half times higher particularly for mothers residing particularly in Oromiya (AOR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.84, 3.63) and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) (AOR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.86, 4.05). In addition, timely breastfeeding initiation was also significantly associated with wealth index with wealthier mothers having 43% higher odds compared to mothers of poorest households (AOR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.92). Other factors such as age, gender and birth order of the infant also had significant associations with early breastfeeding initiation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Early breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia is inextricably associated with various socio-demographic, biomedical, and socio-economic factors. The study findings can potentially inform mothers and the wider community on the benefits of timely breastfeeding initiation and policymakers and community leaders to target health promotional interventions and resources where needed.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
媛묒긽�꽑 �젅�젣�닠�쓣 諛쏆� �솚�옄�뿉�꽌 P6 Acupressure�쓽 �닠 �썑\n�삤�떖, 援ы넗�뿉 ���븳 �삁諛� �슚怨�

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem in patients recovering from anesthesia and surgery. P6 point is the acupressure point for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. We evaluated the efficacy of acupressure at the P6 point in 94 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in a randomized, prospective and placebo-controlled study. METHODS: Ninety-four female patients, aged 18 to 60, scheduled for elective thyroidectomy, were randomized to have either placebo band or acupressure band (Sea-Band(R) UK Ltd., Leicestershire, England, UK) applied to the P6 point of both hands before induction of anesthesia. The acupressure bands removed 24 h later. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was evaluated 1, 6 and 24 h following surgery. In addition, the need for rescue antiemetic medication during 24 h was registered. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative nausea was lower in acupressure group at 0-1 h (16.7% vs. 39.1%; P = 0.015) and at 6-24 h (0% vs. 15.2%; P = 0.05). The need for rescue antiemetic medication was also lower at 0-1 h (4.2% vs. 23.9%; P = 0.006), at 1-6 h (6.2% vs. 20.9%; P = 0.039) and at 6-24 h (0% vs. 13%; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing thyroidectomy, nausea and need of rescue antiemetic medication were reduced by acupressure at the P6 point

Topic: Nausea and vomiting management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Associations of meeting 24-h movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health among adults: is meeting more guidelines associated with greater benefits

Background Several countries have recently issued 24-h movement guidelines that include quantitative recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep. This study explored the associations of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health among adults, and whether the likelihood of favourable outcomes increases with the number of guidelines met. Methods A total of 2476 adults aged 18 years and over completed a questionnaire on their time spent in MVPA, SB and sleep, frequency of stress (<em>never</em>, <em>very rarely</em>, <em>occasionally</em>, <em>often</em>, <em>every day</em>), self-rated health (<em>very good</em>, <em>good</em>, <em>fair</em>, <em>bad</em>, <em>very bad</em>), sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle variables. Results In an ordinal logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, socio-economic status, employment, place of residence, living with or without partner, and smoking, lower odds of higher frequency of stress were found for those meeting the combined 24-h movement guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32, 0.63; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), any combination of two guidelines (OR range: 0.48–0.63; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 for all), and sleep guideline only (OR =&amp;thinsp;0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.75; <em>p</em> =&amp;thinsp;0.001). Higher odds of better self-rated health were found for those meeting the combined 24-h movement guidelines (OR =&amp;thinsp;2.94; 95% CI: 2.07, 4.19; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), combination of MVPA and SB guidelines (OR =&amp;thinsp;2.33; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.44; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), combination of MVPA and sleep guidelines (OR =&amp;thinsp;1.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.59; <em>p</em> =&amp;thinsp;0.002), and MVPA guideline only (OR =&amp;thinsp;2.24; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.36; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Meeting more guidelines was associated with greater odds of favourable outcomes (<em>p</em> for linear trend &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Adults who meet the sleep guideline, any combination of two guidelines, or all three guidelines experience stress less frequently. Meeting the MVPA guideline alone or in combination with any other movement behaviour guideline was associated with better self-rated health. The likelihood of less frequent stress and better self-rated health increases with the number of guidelines met. Adults should be encouraged to meet as many movement behaviour guidelines as possible.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Grandparenting

Grandparenting is an important part of the life cycle. Leopold and Skopek analyzed four large surveys covering the United States and 24 European countries, using data from 2001 to 2008. The typical life-course pattern for females was to become a mother in her mid-20s, and to cease active parenting in the mid-40s. Terms such as "grandparent," "parent," "child," and "grandchild" are relative; someone may be both a parent and a child, for example. In studying grandparenthood, Bengtson distinguished period effects, cohort effects, and lineage effects. Several theoretical perspectives can be used to structure research and interpret data on grandparenting. These include evolutionary theory, attachment theory, family sociology and family systems theory, and life-span and life-course perspectives. Attachment theory emphasizes the powerful influence on development of children's early relationships with their caregivers—and particularly their mother-figure. This perspective utilizes the concept of internal working models of relationships.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dexmedetomidine Relieves Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Inhibits Apoptosis in Rats via the Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway

To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its anti-apoptotic role, as well as the mechanism by which it regulates Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signal. Rats were randomly assigned into sham, model, experimental and control groups. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to construct the model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Sham group only received threading without ligation. At 1 h before operation, 5.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 5.0 μg/kg Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway agonist SC-39100 were intraperitoneally injected into experimental and control groups, respectively, while the same dose of normal saline was injected into sham and model groups. The left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, 1eft ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dtmax) and left ventricular pressure drop (-dP/dtmax) were measured using color Doppler ultrasonography. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was performed to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The expression levels of phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 were determined using western blotting. Compared with sham group, model group had significantly decreased left ventricular systolic pressure, +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax and raised left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate and phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 expressions (p<0.05). Experimental and control groups had significantly higher left ventricular systolic pressure, +dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmax and phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 expressions and lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiomyocyte rate than those of model group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can obviously relieve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats probably by activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Holistic Network Virtualization and Pervasive Network Intelligence for 6G

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emotion Regulation in a Disordered World

This paper addresses the phenomenology of emotion dysregulation, focusing on borderline personality disorder (BPD). We emphasize how (a) emotions ordinarily arise within the context of a structured experiential world, (b) emotions play a role in maintaining, repairing, and reshaping that world, and (c) both the world's stability and the workings of emotion processes depend on our being able to relate to other people in certain ways. We go on to show how, if (a), (b), and (c) are accepted, emotion dysregulation (of the kind associated with BPD) is implied by a way of experiencing and relating to the social world as whole. Hence, it is not to be conceived of simply as a matter of disordered emotion. Rather, it involves emotions operating upon a disordered world. Furthermore, given that other people play essential roles in sustaining a structured, practically meaningful world and regulating the emotions that arise within it, emotion regulation and dysregulation turn out to be interpersonal, rather than wholly intrapersonal, in structure.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
How Can Human Symbols Represent God? A Critique of and Constructive Alternative to Robert C. Neville’s Account of “Indexical” Theological Truth

Research Article| May 01 2019 How Can Human Symbols Represent God? A Critique of and Constructive Alternative to Robert C. Neville’s Account of “Indexical” Theological Truth David Rohr David Rohr Boston University David Rohr is a PhD candidate at Boston University’s Graduate Division of Religious Studies and editor of www.PhilosophyOfReligion.org. Most of David’s research is grounded in the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce and involves the constructive application of Peirce’s ideas—especially his theory of signs—to issues in philosophy of biology, mind, and religion. He is currently writing his dissertation on Peirce’s enigmatic 1908 essay, “A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God.” Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Journal of Theology & Philosophy (2019) 40 (2): 73–97. https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjtheophil.40.2.0073 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation David Rohr; How Can Human Symbols Represent God? A Critique of and Constructive Alternative to Robert C. Neville’s Account of “Indexical” Theological Truth. American Journal of Theology & Philosophy 1 May 2019; 40 (2): 73–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjtheophil.40.2.0073 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressAmerican Journal of Theology & Philosophy Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2019 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2019 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Emerging Cell-Based Gene Therapies in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review of Casgevy and Lyfgenia

Background: In 2023, the FDA approved two emerging cell-based gene therapies for the treatment of severe sickle cell disease (SCD): Casgevy and Lyfgenia. Casgevy utilizes the newer CRISPR/Cas9 technology, while Lyfgenia relies on a Lentiviral vector. These therapies consist of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in which the cells are genetically modified before infusing them back into the body. The study aim was to conduct a thorough systematic review to determine an efficient choice between Casgevy and Lyfgenia by comparing their ability to increase anti-sickling hemoglobin and eliminate vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), factoring in the adverse effects caused by each process. Methods and Results: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Ten articles were analyzed and compared after searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Both therapy strategies were equally efficient in eliminating VOC and had similar effects on anti-sickling hemoglobin fractions. Their adverse effects are also similar and are related to the chemotherapy shared between autologous and allogenic transplants and not the gene therapies themselves, barring the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in 2 patients receiving the unmodified version of Lyfgenia. Conclusion: Casgevy and Lyfgenia are equally effective in their functions, although Casgevy appears to be the safer choice. However, the lack of follow-up for the patients in either gene therapy’s respective trials leads to a lack of confidence in firm declarations.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Program optimization for bovine somatic cells nuclear transfer].

To optimize program of bovine somatic nuclear transfer, we used two different enucleation procedures (by Spindle-view system & Hoechst 33342 staining), two different procedures to introduce donor nuclei (by ooplasm microinjection & electrofusion), and three different group electrofusion parameters (group 1: 1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two; group 2: 1.5 kV/cm, 25 micros, two; group 3: 0.6 kV/cm, 100 micros, one) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. The cleavation rates and blastocyst development rates of cloned embryos were used to assess the efficiency of different operational procedure. Finally, the best combination of operational procedure, that the spindle-viewer system was used for oocytes enucleating, and donor cell was electrofused into ooplasm by electrical pulse (1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. Then the excellent blastocysts were transferred to fosters for producing cloned cattle 80 high-quality cloned blastocysts were transferred into 33 fosters, two cloned calves were produced. According to the results, the optimized program could be used to produce cloned cattle.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sultan Abu’l Mafakhir Mahmud Abdul Qadir, Sultan Agung Banten I : Relasi Sultan Bagian Barat Pulau Jawa Dengan Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyyah (1596-1651)

was crucial in reforming the government system of the Banten Sultanate, and paving the way to the golden age of the Banten Sultanate, both in the fields of religion, economy, education, and military. He took full power in 1624 when he was 28 years old. Since 1638 he has received the legitimacy of the title of 'sultan' directly from Mecca, which is a representation of the Ottoman Caliphate. Not only as a ruler with the title of the first sultan in Banten, Abdul Qadir also recorded his name as the first Sultan in the Archipelago to be officially appointed by the Syarif of Mecca, as Sultan Agung Banten I. During his time there were two twin suns on the island of Java that were fighting for influence, namely Sultan Agung Banten and Sultan Agung Mataram. Even though Mataram wanted to unite the entire island of Java, it turned out that Banten never submitted to Mataram. Instead of Mataram conquering Banten, it was through the grandson of Sultan Abul Mafakhir Mahmud Abdul Qadir who was later known as Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa who formed a coalition with Prince Trunojoyo to stage a coup and defeat Mataram.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Atmospheric Oxygen Concentration on Germination of Three Species of Weedy Morningglory Using a Glass Vessel for Gas Replacement

水田転換畑で問題となっている帰化アサガオ類の発芽に及ぼす気相酸素濃度の影響を明らかにするために，アルゴンガスで気相を置換する簡易な発芽試験法によって発芽試験を試みた．本法では，酸素濃度0％を想定した処理区の酸素濃度は，実測値で0.62％であり，完全嫌気条件は設定できなかった．想定した酸素濃度 （0，1，5，10，20％） 条件下では，マメアサガオ （Ipomoea lacunosa L.） は，いずれの濃度設定区でも比較的高い発芽率を示し，ホシアサガオ （I. triloba L.） は，0％区においても30％の発芽率を示した．一方，マルバアメリカアサガオ （I. hederacea （L.） Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray） は，対照として供試したダイズ品種フクユタカと同様に，0％区と1％区では発芽が著しく抑制された．置床4日目における幼根長および下胚軸長については，マルバアメリカアサガオではダイズと同様に酸素濃度の低下に伴う抑制が顕著であった．以上のように，帰化アサガオ類の酸素低濃度条件における発芽特性には種間差があることが明らかになった．また，今回用いた簡易ガス置換法は，作物の湿害を理解する際の酸素低濃度条件における簡易な発芽試験法として利用できることが示された．

Topic: Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in normal and neoplastic human cell lines and normal human tissues.

Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase form the primary enzymic defense against toxic oxygen reduction metabolites. Such metabolites have been implicated in the damage brought about by ionizing radiation, as well as in the effects of several cytostatic compounds. These enzymes were analyzed in 31 different human normal diploid and neoplastic cell lines and for comparison in 15 normal human tissues. The copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase appeared to be slightly lower in malignant cell lines in general as compared to normal tissues. The content of manganese superoxide dismutase was more variable than the content of the copper- and zinc-containing enzyme. Contrary to what has been suggested before, this enzyme did not appear to be generally lower in malignant cells compared to normal cells. One cell line, of mesothelioma origin (P27), was extremely abundant in manganese-containing superoxide dismutase; the concentration was almost an order of magnitude larger than in the richest normal tissue. Catalase was very variable both among the normal tissues and among the malignant cells, whereas glutathione peroxidase was more evenly distributed. In neither case was a general difference between normal cells and tissues and malignant cells apparent. The myocardial damage brought about by doxorubicin has been linked to toxic oxygen metabolites; particularly, an effect on the glutathione system has been noted. The heart is one of the tissues which have a low concentration of enzymes which protect against hydroperoxides. However, the deviation from other tissues is probably not large enough to provide a full explanation for the high doxorubicin susceptibility. In the present survey, no obvious relationship between generally assumed resistance to ionizing radiation or to radical-producing drugs and cellular content of any of the enzymes could be demonstrated.

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences