jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of long-term calisthenics on physical fitness and quality of life in order women

Purpose: Investigate the effects of long-term regular aerobic exercise to physical fitness and quality of life in older women. Methods: The volunteer subjects were selected between a hundred older people who were the members of a solidarity center. Fulfilling the international criteria for ‘exercising standards for the aged’, forty-five female volunteers with a mean age of 68.04±5.56 years (range, 60-80 years) participated to the study. After the cardiovascular and general health care evaluation, the older women were evaluated for exercise indication. An aerobic program of submaximal-level calisthenics was designed and the older women gathered at three times a week for exercising, 40-50 min a day for 4 months under a physiotherapist’s supervision. Before and after the 4-month exercise program, subjects underwent tests including a set of physical fitness and a quality of life assessment (short form-36). Results: Four month submaximal-level aerobic calisthenics led to a significant improvement (p

Topic: Physical Education and Training Studies
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Profiling Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies for the Detection of Colon Cancer

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to screen the autoantibody signature of colon cancers to develop serum markers for colon cancer detection. Experimental Design: A phage cDNA expression library of colon cancer was built. The library was sequentially screened by a pool of 10 colon cancer sera, goat antihuman IgG, and a pool of two healthy sera to identify phage-expressed antigens recognized by tumor-associated antibodies. The clones picked out by these screening were subjected to a training set with 24 colon cancer sera and 24 healthy sera. The antigen combination, which got the most satisfactory classification, was tested by an independent set of 24 colon cancer sera with equal number of sera from normal donors. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of these sera was detected for the additional classification analysis with or without the antigen combination. Results: A cDNA expression library consisting of 2 × 106 primary clones was prepared. After three turns of screening, 24 antigens recognized by tumor-associated antibodies were picked out for serum marker identification. The training set showed that a six-marker combination got the most satisfactory classification in a logistic regression model; leave-one-out validation achieved 91.7% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. In a testing set with this marker panel, we correctly predicted 85% of the samples. Although according to CEA level alone, we correctly predicted 75% of the samples with 42% of cancer patients misclassified. When CEA was combined with the six markers, the sensitivity and specificity increased to 91.7% and 95.8%, respectively. The six antigen sequences in the phage display system are relatively short peptides. Only two of them showed homology to known protein sequences. Conclusions: Autoantibodies against phage-expressed antigens derived from colon cancer tissues could be used as serum markers for the detection of colon cancer.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In Response to “Matching 25% of Medical Students Into Family Medicine by 2030: Realistic or Beyond Our Reach?”

We were pleased to see the recent article "Matching 25% of Medical Students into Family Medicine by 2030: Realistic or Beyond Our Reach?" 1 We think this goal is realistic.If we want to make the 25 by 2030 a reality, it is important for medical schools to examine their application and acceptance processes.The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) Targeted Rural and Underserved Track (TRUST) program has a separate admissions process from the rest of UWSOM.TRUST graduates match into family medicine (FM) at a rate of 25%. 2 We further found that students who applied to and participated in the program, as well as students who applied to and were not accepted into the program all matched in FM at the same rate.Implementing a selection process for students who have rural ties, have a stated interest in FM, 3 and who state they do not have an interest in specialty or academic medicine could go a long way to meeting the 25 x 2030 goal.We acknowledge the challenges identified by Dr David et al.Health care coverage, physician payment, and the overall health system is often misaligned with the core values of FM.We can, however, admit applicants with strong stated interest in FM and rural ties and support their interests during medical school with creative curricula and top-notch faculty and staff to achieve the 25 x 2030 goal.The health care system needs improvement, but so do medical school admissions processes.Medical schools can take action today to meet the health care needs of the public.

Topic: Diversity and Career in Medicine
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advanced Nano CMOS Platform using Carrier-Transport-Enhanced Channels

It has been well recognized that, under sub-100 nm regime, conventional device scaling concept has confronted with several physical and essential limitations. Therefore, any new device engineering to realize advanced CMOS by overcoming these difficulties is strongly needed. A group of theses new device technologies called the technology boosters can be classified mainly into three categories, gate stack engineering, source engineering and channel engineering. Particularly, the channel engineering includes carrier-transport-enhanced channels aiming at high current drive and multi-gate channels aiming at high immunity for short channel effects. Among them, the carrier-transport-enhanced channels, typically seen in strained-Si channels, are recently becoming more important.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of <i>γ</i>‐Monofluorinated and <i>γ</i>,<i>γ</i>‐Difluorinated Goniothalamin Analogues

Abstract A series of novel γ , γ ‐difluorinated Goniothalamin analogues 4a – 4i and 6a – 6i were synthesized. The key steps included the construction of C‐5 stereocenter adjacent to gem ‐difluoromethylene group by way of lipase AK catalyzed kinetic resolution, the introduction of aryl group via Stille coupling, and lactonization by 1,5‐oxidative cyclization. These γ , γ ‐difluorinated Goniothalamin analogues 4a – 4i and their enantiomers 6a – 6i , together with several corresponding γ ‐monofluorinated Goniothalamin analogues were biologically evaluated against four different cancer cell lines. Compound 7h showed a nearly equivalent potency as the parent ( R )‐Goniothalamin in the micromolar range. The different fluorine effects between fluoromethylene and gem ‐difluoromethylene on antitumor activity were discussed through the analysis of bioassay data.

Topic: Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Integrated analysis of variants and pathways in genome-wide association studies using polygenic models of disease

Many common diseases are highly polygenic, modulated by a large number genetic factors with small effects on susceptibility to disease. These small effects are difficult to map reliably in genetic association studies. To address this problem, researchers have developed methods that aggregate information over sets of related genes, such as biological pathways, to identify gene sets that are enriched for genetic variants associated with disease. However, these methods fail to answer a key question: which genes and genetic variants are associated with disease risk? We develop a method based on sparse multiple regression that simultaneously identifies enriched pathways, and prioritizes the variants within these pathways, to locate additional variants associated with disease susceptibility. A central feature of our approach is an estimate of the strength of enrichment, which yields a coherent way to prioritize variants in enriched pathways. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in a genome-wide association study of Crohn's disease with ~440,000 genetic variants genotyped for ~4700 study subjects. We obtain strong support for enrichment of IL-12, IL-23 and other cytokine signaling pathways. Furthermore, prioritizing variants in these enriched pathways yields support for additional disease-association variants, all of which have been independently reported in other case-control studies for Crohn's disease.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in improving antimicrobial stewardship: systematic review

Background: To improve antimicrobial utilization, development and implementation of microbiology laboratories(ML)interventions and practices in antimicrobial stewardship programs has been recommended. The primary objective of this review was to characterize role of microbiology laboratories in the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and to identify interventions that improve patient outcomes or process of care and/or reduce consequences of antimicrobial use. Methods: This study was completed as a systematic review. The following PubMed database was searched from January, 2021 through March, 2022. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, controlled and uncontrolled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and repeated-measures studies evaluating ML interventions in the AMS were included in the review. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results: A total of 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified from our search. Speeding up the laboratory workup of samples; rapidly searching for certain pathogens; rapid reporting of positive and negative test results and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Impact of interventions showed variable results. Where identified, benefits of AMS interventions primarily included improvement in delivery of care or a decrease in antimicrobial utilization. Conclusions: implementing the ML interventions to improve the AMS and patient care by increasing the use of different laboratory tests that include rapidly isolate, identifying and tailoring therapy in response to culture results.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Stability Of The Spectral Characteristics Of Ion Plated Interference Filters

Ta205/Si02, Zr02/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 multilayer optical interference filters were deposited in a Balzers2BAP 800 coatiftg plant by reactive low-voltage ion plating. The spectral filter characteristics were investigated with respect to time and temperature. The observed stability is correlated to the water and hydrogen contents. The temperature derivatives of the refractive index of TiO2, ZrO2 and Ta205 were estimated.

Topic: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Serum Glutamate Is a Predictor for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

One neurotransmitter, glutamate, has been implicated in the autoimmune demyelination seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). Glutamate is present in many tissues in the body, so consideration should be given to whether the serum level of glutamate is likely well correlated with the activity of the disease. This research aimed to compare the serum glutamate levels from patients diagnosed with MS with those from an age-matched control population. A review of this data could shed light upon whether the serum testing of glutamate using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a reliable indicator of MS activity. Serum samples were obtained from 55 patients with different patterns of MS and from 25 healthy adults as a control group. The ELISA technique was used to determine the glutamate levels in the serum samples. The mean serum glutamate level for patients with MS was<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">1.318</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.543</mml:mn></mml:math> nmol/ml and that of the controls was<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.873</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.341</mml:mn></mml:math> nmol/ml. The serum glutamate levels showed an area under the curve via the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of 0.738, which was significant ( p value = 0.001). The present study is the first to establish a strong connection between the serum glutamate levels and MS patients, where there was statistically significant elevation of serum glutamate in MS patients; hence this elevation might be used as a monitor to help in the diagnosis of MS patients.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The uses of darkness: women's underworld journeys, ancient and modern

God's image as Judge can engender shame and guilt in women. This study explores the underworld journeys of women like Demeter and Psyche, and their reflections in works by such women as Sylvia Plath and Virginia Woolf, arguing that the tradition they represent has much to offer modern Christians.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Is drug substitution always a solution? Phenytoin induced gingival enlargement – A case report

Gingival enlargement is the most common side effect which is reported with the administration of the anti-epilepsy drug phenytoin (PHT). It is of vital importance as it greatly affects the esthetics and also interferes with the mastication and oral hygiene practices. It is now well known that the presence of gingival inflammation resulting from poor oral hygiene acts as a major risk factor and leads to worsening the condition. Therefore, the patients taking PHT should be made aware of the possible outcomes and the importance of maintaining oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance therapy. This case report describes a case of PHT-induced gingival enlargement in which surgical intervention was done to correct the gingival enlargement, and in spite of patient not discontinuing the drug (PHT), no recurrence of enlargement was seen even after 1 year.

Topic: Oral and gingival health research
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of residue quality and location in soil on the C and N mineralisation of residues from cropping systems from Cerrados, Brazil

Impact of biochemical characteristics and initial location of crop residues was experimentally measured in laboratory incubations. Nitrogen and carbon dynamics were followed during the decomposition of four sub-tropical species and one temperate species buried in the soil or laid down on the surface. Proximate analysis and measures of C, N and polyphenols realised on the different organs of the residues permitted to point out high polyphenol content of the leaves and high lignin-like content of the roots. C mineralisation of roots was significantly lower than for the other organs mineralisation. In those optimal conditions, no differences were observed depending on the initial location. Use of different linear relationships models from literature linking C and N mineralisation to biochemical residue characteristics were not able to simulate our data. A dynamic model based on the C:N ratio allowed to predict leaves and stems C mineralisation but failed at predicting C mineralisation of roots and N dynamics in soil. This study particularly put the stress on the interest to consider separately the different organs of plant when studying decomposition and on the need to develop other methods of characterisation of residue quality to improve prediction of residue decomposition.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Anaerobic bacteria as a challenge for modern medical microbiological diagnostics

Introduction and objective Anaerobic bacteria are a component of the human microbiome. Many of them are characterized by low pathogenicity, but some may cause opportunistic and polybacterial infections. Some species are absolutely pathogenic. The aim of the study is to show the problems that may appear at any stage of microbiological testing with the participation of anaerobic bacteria. State of knowledge Due to technical difficulties and the cost of the test, microbiological diagnostics of anaerobic bacteria is usually carried out in only a few microbial laboratories. The skipping of diagnoses of these bacteria in routine microbiological testing results in an underestimation of their involvement in the etiology of infections, and makes the monitoring of antibiotic resistance impossible. Among anaerobes strains resistant to clindamycin, beta-lactam antibiotics combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor and carbapenems, are especially often isolated. The problem of resistance mainly concerns anaerobic Gram-negative rods. Conclusion The appropriate procedure, from the stage of sample qualification to the interpretation of the obtained outcome, exerts an effect on the reliability of the result, and significantly reduces the cost associated with the isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria. Microbiological determination of drug susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria also allows assessment of resistance trends, establishing the principles of empirical therapy, and the creation of appropriate antibiotic policy in the hospital.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Teaching statistics for students of Biology: necessity, contents, concepts

The Biologists have to associate the knowledge of their field with the strict sense of rigour and criticism which can be acquired by the study of the science of probability and, more precisely, of the applied Statistics. This aspect is more and more important to students at different stages of their formation.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Seasonal Variations in Maternal Serum and Mammary Immunity to RS Virus

Abstract We have recorded the systemic and mammary/mucosal immune responses of women following natural infection with RS virus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Anti‐RS virus IgG antibody levels in the sera of women collected in the first trimester of pregnancy showed a bimodal distribution with high and low antibody groups. Antibody levels increased after exposure to the winter RS virus epidemic in the second trimester of pregnancy, probably as a result of infection but only for women in the low antibody group. Despite the increases, antibody levels for these women remained well below those of the high antibody group. There was no rise in mean antibody levels after exposure in the third trimester, even among women with low antibody, suggesting a degree of immunosuppression in late pregnancy. There was no evidence that infection during pregnancy was associated with adverse consequences for the infant. Exposure to RS virus in the first two trimesters, but not the third, was associated with high colostral IgA antibody levels that were maintained in the milk throughout the first 7 weeks of lactation. There was a significant correlation between colostral and maternal nasal IgA antibody levels at delivery. Levels of blood or colostral lymphocyte transformation responses at delivery were unaffected by exposure to RS virus in pregnancy. These observations upon natural infection suggest that vaccination during pregnancy is likely to achieve only marginal effects upon serum antibody levels but boost maternal mammary/nucosal immunity.

Topic: Respiratory viral infections research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Revoluce proti sob ě sam ým IV. sjezd Svazu československých spisovatelů 27.–29. června 1967, projevy a debaty v trojúhelníku spisovatelé, národ a moc

1968 is a very controversial date these days. I start my research about 1968, by looking at 1967 first. Why? Because this congress was almost an exact projection of what happened during the Prague Spring, however, more was said there. The writers there were discussing the big questions, about a whole country and the destiny of a nation. Therefore, the importance of Kundera’s speech is quite significant. Havel, Vaculík, Ivan Klíma all gave politically important speeches. Regarding poetic power, Jan Skácel seemed especially strong. Even though Hrabal was not present, we have to give him some credit as well. Not only the positive, but also the negative side of 1968 was predicted. Mainly the Communist Party’s attempt to intervene. The Czech Spring of 1968 was not a student-movement, but a struggle by middle-aged and mature intellectuals, mostly against what they had instigated in their youth. So this was an exceptionally self-critical revolution.

Topic: Education, Psychology, and Social Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors Affecting the Impaired Hepatic Uptake of Chylomicron Remnants in the Cholestatic Rat

We have previously shown that bile duct ligation inhibits the hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants in rats. In the present study we have investigated different possible causes of this inhibition. Intravenous infusion of bile or sodium taurocholate reduced the hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake. Perfused livers from bile duct-ligated rats metabolized chylomicron remnants at a reduced rate. Rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures metabolized remnants formed in cholestatic rats and those formed in hepatectomized animals equally well, but serum from cholestatic rats inhibited remnant uptake more strongly than control serum. Bile duct ligation did not influence the clearance from plasma of human low-density lipoprotein, and the inhibition of hepatic remnant uptake was not affected by treatment of cholestatic rats with ethinylestradiol. The clearance of 125I-labeled asialofetuin was only slightly impaired by cholestasis, indicating that no strong inhibition of all endocytic processes of the hepatocytes occurred. The reduced hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants in the cholestatic rat is thus not due to formation of abnormal remnant particles. An increased plasma bile acid concentration rapidly reduced the hepatic remnant uptake without causing any significant hyperlipidemia. However, the pathological lipoproteins accumulating in the cholestatic rat aggravated the hepatic uptake defect even further.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences