jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Evaluation of the Evidence for Porcine \nReproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine Efficacy on \nReproductive Performance in Sows

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) virus was estimated in 2005 to cost U.S. pork producers $560 million annually, of which $67 million was attributed to reproductive disorders in breeding herds. The objective of this report was to provide a comprehensive, systematic review and quality assessment of all available research reports evaluating the use of commercial PRRS vaccines in breeding stock. To achieve the study objective, the systematic review methodology was adopted. The objective of this review therefore was to answer the question, “What is the effect of vaccination with a commercially available PRRS vaccine on the reproductive performance of breeding age female swine?” Four components of the question for a systematic review for an intervention consist of the population of interest, intervention, comparator, and outcome of interest (PICO). All potentially relevant primary research studies were identified, screened for relevance, assessed for standard design features, and if passing both the relevance and quality criterion, were extracted. The evaluation allows us the conclusion that there is a large volume of evidence discussing the effects of PRRS vaccination on reproductive parameters, but the studies are variable in the consistency of reporting and the approach used to measure these values. Based on the evidence gathered from this systematic review a positive benefit on reproductive parameters is reported with the use of vaccination. Practitioners bear the responsibility of assessing the validity of the experimental design and analysis as part of determining the evidentiary value of the conclusions relative to the vaccination decision they are making.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Self-Typicality and Group Identification: Evidence for their Separateness

Two studies demonstrated group identification (affective-evaluative response to in-group membership) and self-typicality (perceived typicality of the self as an in-group member) to be empirically separate. Study 1 showed that these two variables correlated distinctively with age of the participants, and that prior self-typicality but not prior identification correlated with similarity in subsequent self-and in-group ratings. Study 2 examined the latter relationships in a context that presented new, fictitious information about in-group members. Similarity in self-and group judgments, made after presentation of the new information, correlated positively with later self-typicality but negatively with later group identification. Advantages in making conceptual and operational distinctions between self-typicality and group identification are discussed.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Customers, Boardrooms and Gossip: Theme Repetition and Metapatterns in the Texture of Organizing

This article draws together theoretical strands from cognitive science, psychoanalysis, and small-group psychology in order to discuss theme repetition in organizations. It suggests that attending to the possibility of theme repetition, even in apparently inconsequential interactions and small talk, can bring to light previously unnoticed connotations of policy or strategy. This discussion leads on to a re-examination and expansion of the notion of metapatterns. These are tacit, emergent patterns of theme repetition in the meanings of organizational contexts. Metapatterns may contribute to enculturation, culture formation and the establishment of organizational stories, histories and artefacts. They may also form a critical obstruction to organizational learning and change. Consequences for researchers and consultants are investigated and it is proposed that, if metapatterns are to alter, recognition of a change agent’s own involvement in metapattern themes is required.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinicopathological characteristic of Sudanese women with breast Carcinoma

Knowledge of the breast cancer pattern and stage of diagnosis can aid in the disease’s subsequent effective management. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of Sudanese women with breast carcinoma. Methodology: This analysis used Khartoum Oncology Hospital’s Pathology Laboratory to retrieve breast biopsy data from January to December 2022. Conventional histopathology confirmed the breast lesion diagnoses. Laboratory records provided all patient data. Results: With 70.2%, 12.8%, 10.6%, and 6.4%, respectively, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), metastatic carcinoma (MC), lobular carcinoma (LC), and papillary carcinoma (PC) were the four most prevalent types of carcinoma. The mean tumor size ± Std. Error of Mean was 8.99±2.18cm. The most common tumor sizes among patients were &lt;3 cm, followed by &gt;10 cm, 3-5 cm, and 5.1–10 cm, which correspond to (51%), (21.3%), (17%), and (10.7%), respectively. Conclusions: In Sudan, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular subtype are the most frequent breast cancer types. Young Sundanese are getting an increasing incidence of breast cancer. Due to the country’s poor early detection programs, many individuals arrive with advanced stages of the disease.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The High Middle Ages, 1100–1350

This chapter deals with the richly documented high medieval period, in which we can trace the landscape and economy of the hundred in very considerable detail. The nature of settlements and agriculture is set out, including the strong contrast between vale and Chiltern communities. The chapter includes a map of the hundred’s landscape in 1300, as well as the first of a series of maps of parish fields and field names. The chapter argues that this period saw an increasing divergence between the vale and the Chiltern parts of the hundred in terms of population, settlement patterns, and everyday life. The implications for perceptions are explored through an analysis of open and closed space in different settlements, and the period’s many and rich field names and peasant bynames.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Behavioural contributions to welfare assessment.

This chapter discusses how behavioural studies can be used to elucidate the priorities of chickens, and reviews the use of behaviour as a marker of internal state in chickens. The chapter finishes by showing how these two approaches can be integrated so that valid indicators can be used in the assessment of chicken welfare.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Detection of Left-to-Right Circulatory Shunts with Injections of Krypton85

SummaryLeft-to-right shunts were constructed in 8 mongrel dogs by anastomosis of left subclavian artery to left pulmonary artery. When solutions of krypton85 were injected into the root of the aorta proximal to a functioning shunt, the krypton gas could be detected in the airway by a Geiger-Müller tube in less than 5 seconds. When similar injections were made in the absence of a shunt, the appearance time was usually 10 seconds or more. Thus, by monitoring expired gas it is possible to detect the presence of a shunt resulting in early appearance of Kr85 in pulmonary arterial blood following injection into the left side of heart or the aorta.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hometown Transnationalism Long Distance Villageness among Indian Punjabis and North African Berbers

Collective remittances, that is to say development initiatives carried out by immigrant groups for the benefit of their place of origin, have been attracting growing attention from both academics and policy makers. Focusing on hometown organisations, this book analyses the social mechanics that are conducive to collective transnationalism.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 661162: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Does emotional intelligence mediate the relation between mindfulness and anxiety and depression in adolescents?

High anxiety and depression are often observed in the Australian adolescent population, and if left untreated, can have long-term negative consequences impacting educational attainment and a range of important life outcomes. The utilization of mindfulness techniques has been associated with decreased anxiety and depression, but the underlying mechanisms for this is only beginning to be understood. Previous research with adult samples has suggested that the development of emotional intelligence (EI) may be one mechanism by which mindfulness confers its benefits on wellbeing. This study is the first to examine the relation between mindfulness, EI, anxiety, and depression in an adolescent population. It was hypothesized that EI would mediate the relationships between mindfulness and anxiety, as well as mindfulness and depression. The sample consisted of 108 adolescents from a public secondary school, aged between 13 and 15 years (Mage = 13.68, SDage = 0.56, 51 males and 57 females). Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire which measured dispositional mindfulness, EI, anxiety, and depression. The results indicated that one subscale of EI - Emotional Recognition and Expression (ERE) mediated the relation between mindfulness and anxiety, while two subscales of EI - ERE and Emotional Management and Control (EMC) mediated the relation between mindfulness and depression. Future research utilizing a mindfulness intervention should be conducted to examine whether the use of mindfulness increases EI and decreases anxiety and depression in adolescents.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Automorphic forms on the $5$-dimensional complex ball with respect to the Picard modular group over $\mathbb Z[i]$

We represent the $105$ automorphic forms on the $5$-dimensional complex ball $\mathbb B^5$ constructed by Matsumoto-Terasoma as the products of four linear combinations of the pull backs of theta constants under an embedding of $\mathbb B^5$ into the Siegel upper half space of degree $6$. They were used to describe the inverse of the period map for the family of the $4$-fold coverings of the complex projective line branching at eight points.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of the Phase Boundary of High Molecular Weight Polymer Blends

The Flory−Huggins interaction parameter, χ, of an off-critical poly(methylbutylene)/poly(ethylbutylene) blend was measured over a wide temperature (T) and pressure (P) range by comparing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) profiles from single-phase systems with predictions based on the random phase approximation (RPA). We show that χ, which is a nonlinear function of 1/T at low pressures, becomes a linear function of 1/T at elevated pressures (above 2.5 kbar). The pressure dependence of the phase boundary (i.e., binodal temperature) of our blend was determined from a series of dissolution experiments wherein a phase-separated sample was heated under isobaric conditions until the SANS profiles were identical to calculations based on the RPA. The binodal, thus obtained, was in quantitative agreement with that computed using the Flory−Huggins theory. The agreement was obtained without any adjustable parameters. Binodals determined by the more traditional cloud point measurements are erroneous due to the presence of large nucleation barriers.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
S125 The effect of transcutaneous submental electrical stimulation on the blood pressure response in healthy volunteers

<h3>Background</h3> Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) has been recently introduced to treat patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). There are, however, few data on the effects of submental electrical stimulation on the cardiovascular system. We studied the effect of TES on the cardiovascular responses in healthy volunteers during head-down-tilt (HDT) induced baroreceptor loading. <h3>Method</h3> Cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded for 5 mins while seated and supine, and during 10 mins HDT (50°) under normoxic, hypercapnic (FiCO<sub>2</sub>5%) and poikilocapnic hypoxic (FiO<sub>2</sub>12%) conditions. Blood pressure (BP) and was measured continuously using a Finapres device, and the average reported for the final 2 minutes of each condition. All participants were studied twice, once without and once with TES and gas conditions applied in random order. Submental TES (30Hz, pulse width 250 μs, bipolar current) was individually titrated to skin sensation. Data are presented as mean (SD), with a level of significance at <b>p&lt;0.05</b> and analysed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction for multiple comparisons. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported for the difference (Δ) with TES. <h3>Results</h3> We studied 13 healthy subjects (age 29 (12) years, 6 female, BMI 23 (1.6) kg/m<sup>2</sup>). With TES (current 8(2) mA), diastolic BP decreased significantly during hypoxia when supine (Δ-17.8 (13.6) mmHg, (<i>95</i>% <i>CI</i>, -30.5 to -5.1), p=0.005) and during HDT (Δ-22.0 (15.7) mmHg, (<i>95</i>% <i>CI</i>, -36.7 to -7.3), p=0.003). Systolic BP also decreased with hypoxia when HDT (Δ-21.0 (20.0) mmHg, (<i>95</i>% <i>CI</i>, -39.6 to -2.3), p=0.025). Mean arterial BP decreased during hypoxia when supine (Δ-19.1 (15.8) mmHg, (<i>95</i>% <i>CI</i>, -33.9 to -4.4), p=0.009) and during HDT (Δ-20.6 (15.5) mmHg, (<i>95</i>% <i>CI</i>, -35.0 to -6.1), p=0.005). There was no associated change in the heart rate with TES (p=ns), but a trend towards increased minute ventilation when seated and breathing room air (p=0.060). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Submental electrical stimulation appears to sensitise baro- and chemoreceptor function, leading to substantially reduced blood pressure while exposed to hypoxic conditions in supine posture in healthy subject. These findings have implications for the cardiorespiratory control of patients with hypertension and those with sleep-disordered breathing.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural and genetic characterization of lipopolysaccharides extracted from disease causing non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strains

This thesis deals with the structure and genetic blueprint of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) expressed by the Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (H.influenzae). H. influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen that regularly colonizes the upper respiratory tract and exists in encapsulated (typeable) or nonencapsulated (non-typeable) forms (NTHi). Prior research has indicated that the surface expressed lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a major virulence factor of H. influenzae. Pathogenic behavior can for example result in respiratory tract infections, otitis media (OM) or invasive disease such as meningitis.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThe thesis contains detailed studies of the phase-variable glycosyltransferase lex2. This transferase was shown to act either as a glucosyltransferase or galactosyltransferase depending on one single key amino acid. This was established by elucidation of LPS expressed by genetically defined lex2 mutant strains or transformant strains in which the transferase activity was removed or altered. Moreover, two structural characterizations of non-typeable clinical isolates, strains 2019 and R2866 are investigated. NTHi R2866 is an atypical non-typeable strain as itwas isolated from a child with meningitis. Our data indicate that R2866 produces an extremely heterogeneous population of glycoforms with expression of L-glycero-Dmanno-heptose (L,D-Hep) in its outer core. This residue was evidenced to carry a phoshocholine (PCho) residue in O-7 position, a substitution which is novel. Moreover, this study includes data obtained for genetically defined mutant strains R2866lpsA and R2866losB2 as these demonstrated detailed LPS structures not seen in wild-type.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThe characterization of LPS expressed by 2019 wild-type strain and mutant strains 2019lex2, 2019lpt3 and 2019pgmB add to the previously published structure of 2019. In 1992 it was established that lactose is linked to the proximal heptose (Hep I) of the conserved triheptosyl inner-core moiety, no other structures were reported. We show that the middle heptose (Hep II) can express a beta-D-Galp-(1---&gt;4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1---&gt;4)-alpha-DGlcp-(1---&gt;3 epitope. Interestingly, the lex2 mutant was indicated to be substituted at O-2 at Hep III by beta-D-Glcp which, in turn, can be further extended. Such elongations have never been reported for NTHi 2019 before. NTHi 2019 belongs to a small subset of strains that express one additonal phosphoethanol amine (PEtn) residue in its outer core. Here, we establish that PEtn substitutes O-3 of the distal heptose (Hep III). This PEtn substituent was absent in the lpt3 mutant indicating Lpt3 to be the transferase required to add PEtn to Hep III.

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spectrum of medical and surgical patients in ophthalmology department of a Government medical college in Bankura district of West Bengal – A retrospective review

Purpose: the aim of the study was to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity and to assess various types of surgeries performed for various ophthalmic condition in a comprehensive eye set up in rural population of southern part of west Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involving all the cases presenting to eye department of BSMCH, Bankura from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019. Patients were evaluated and treated by medical management or surgery as indicated. Results: A total of 108628 patients were evaluated and treated. Refractive error is the most common condition followed by cataract (15.68%) however only 5.31% patients were operated because of low turn over due to lack of awareness about ocular health. Conjunctivitis is the 3rd most common manifestation managed conservatively. In retina clinic diabetic retinopathy and vein occlusion are the leading causes of ocular morbidity. Conclusion: The pattern of eye diseases observed rural population of southern part of west Bengal is similar to other studies conducted in other parts of developing world which helps in better understanding, planning, management and prevention of blindness and ocular morbidity. Keywords: Ocular morbidity, Blindness, Low vision.

Topic: Retinal and Optic Conditions
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Compliance with joint commission measures in state‐designated stroke centers

BACKGROUND Comparison of state‐designated primary and comprehensive stroke centers (PSCs and CSCs) with regard to adherence to nationally accepted performance standards are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine if a significant association exists between level of designation and fulfillment of Joint Commission (JC) stroke core measures. METHODS A retrospective comparative data analysis of the New Jersey acute stroke registry for the calendar years 2010 and 2011 was performed. JC core measures were compared by hospital level (PSCs vs CSCs). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated for association between hospital levels and fulfillment of JC core measures. Median door‐to‐thrombolytic time was also compared. RESULTS There were 36,892 acute stroke admissions. PSCs had 60% of the patients, whereas CSCs had 40%. Hemorrhagic stroke admissions were about 2 times more frequent at CSCs than PSCs (13.3% and 7.1%, respectively). CSCs adhered better to 6 of the 8 JC measures than PSCs. Of eligible patients, 19.5% received thrombolytic therapy at CSCs compared to 9.6% at PSCs, with a 44% difference in provision of thrombolytic therapy (aOR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.24‐0.34). Median door‐to‐thrombolytic drug times was 65 minutes at CSCs compared to 74.0 minutes at PSCs ( P &lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS New Jersey state‐designated CSCs are better at adhering to the JC core stroke measures and have shorter door‐to‐thrombolytic drug times. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:88–93. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Approaches of Egg Decontamination for Sustainable Food Safety

Eggs are a rich source of protein, minerals, lipids, and vitamins. Eggs are an essential source of bacterial microflora. Controlling antimicrobial resistance and reducing food loss and waste are essential for a sustainable future. To prevent spoilage and to preserve eggs, a variety of techniques, including thermal and non-thermal, are often used. This paper explores the decontamination methods for egg preservation that have been applied. In previous studies, the initial contamination of the eggs varied from 2 to 9 log CFU per egg. Either thermal or non-thermal techniques resulted in reduced concentrations of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli, respectively, on the surface of the egg that ranged 0.62–5.9 log, 1.27–4.9 log, and 0.06–6.39 log, respectively, for the former, and being 1.2–7.8 log, 5.0–7.8 log, and 6.5–6.6 log, respectively, for the latter. Thermal approaches were more effective than the non-thermal approaches. Some of these methods had negative consequences on the egg’s functionality, while combination methods, such as thermoultrasonifcation (ozone-UV radiation or heat‐ozone), mitigated these effects. Other decontamination methods require further investigation, particularly the potential for scaling up for commercial usage and the associated costs. In conclusion, decontamination methods are required to extend shelf life of eggs, and to decrease consumer risks associated with foodborne pathogens.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ETOS EKONOMI KAUM TAREKAT SHIDDIQIYYAH

Congregations are often used as a scapegoat in the deterioration of Islam. Concepts of zuhud, indigent, and trust activities of the congregation are considered distancing from worldly life. So, the lives of the congregation is a fatalist and a life away from the world. This opinion is not entirely true, because apparently Shiddiqiyyah congregation very concerned in economic life. Not only for the sake of his followers, but also for the surrounding community. Moreover, the economic activity they do is considered as a manifestation practice of congregation itself. DOI:

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences