jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A New Dataset, Notation Software, and Representation for Computational Schenkerian Analysis

Schenkerian Analysis (SchA) is a uniquely expressive method of music analysis, combining elements of melody, harmony, counterpoint, and form to describe the hierarchical structure supporting a work of music. However, despite its powerful analytical utility and potential to improve music understanding and generation, SchA has rarely been utilized by the computer music community. This is in large part due to the paucity of available high-quality data in a computer-readable format. With a larger corpus of Schenkerian data, it may be possible to infuse machine learning models with a deeper understanding of musical structure, thus leading to more "human" results. To encourage further research in Schenkerian analysis and its potential benefits for music informatics and generation, this paper presents three main contributions: 1) a new and growing dataset of SchAs, the largest in human- and computer-readable formats to date (&gt;140 excerpts), 2) a novel software for visualization and collection of SchA data, and 3) a novel, flexible representation of SchA as a heterogeneous-edge graph data structure.

Topic: Automated Road and Building Extraction
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stabilized Finite Element Scheme for High Speed Flows with Chemical Non-Equilibrium

A streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin finite element method is presented for the case of a reacting mixture of thermally-perfect gases, using chemical non-equilibrium. Details of the stabilization scheme and nonlinear solution are presented. The authors have independently implemented the proposed algorithm in two separate codes, for both single temperature and and two temperature models. Example problems invoving a cylinder in Mach 20 crossflow, as well as a three-dimensional blunt nosetip are shown and compared to established codes.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental results on multi-nucleonic K<sup>−</sup>absorptions in light nuclei

The AMADEUS collaboration studied the K− absorptions at low momentum in light nuclei leading to Σ0p final state. Those events were recorded by the KLOE detector, used as an active target, installed in the the DAΦNE collider. The results show that it is possible to isolate the process where the K− is absorbed by two nucleons and the decay products are emitted without any further final state interactions among other contributions involving more than two nucleons. Further, the possible contribution of a ppK− bound state was investigated. The best fit gives space to a yield of ppK−/Kstop− = (0.044 ± 0.009 stat−0.005+0.004) × 10−2 corresponding to a binding energy and a width of 45 and 30 MeV/c2, respectively. A statistical analysis of this result shows although that its significance is only at the level of 1σ.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing undergraduate information literacy change over time

Purpose The research project assessed information literacy skill changes in college students at two points in time, as entering first-year students in 2012 and as seniors in their senior seminar capstone courses in the 2015–2016 academic year. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The Standardized Assessment of Information Literacy Skills (SAILS) individual test was the selected instrument. Version 1 of the test was used for first-year students and Version 2 was used for seniors. All testing was done in person in computer labs with a librarian or library staff member present to proctor the test. This resulted in obtaining 330 student results as first years and 307 as seniors, with 161 exact matches for both administrations of the test. Exact matching of student scores to demographic details pulled from the college’s student information systems were used in the analysis. Findings The analysis shows that overall first-year students tested below the 70 percent proficiency benchmark in all eight skill sets, but by the time they were seniors they scored above 70 percent in three skill sets. Male students and students of color performed lower than their counterparts, but these groups did demonstrate significant improvement in four skill sets by the time they were seniors. Students in the Honors program, those who took longer to complete the test as seniors, those with higher GPAs, those in Humanities majors, and those who had upper level course exposures to librarian information literacy instruction had higher performance on the test. There were no statistically significant results for students who were first generation, Pell Grant eligible, or were in-state or out-of-state residents. Originality/value There are few published studies that utilized the SAILS test for longitudinal institution-wide assessment. The majority of institutions that utilized the individual version of SAILS did so to determine change within a selected course, or set of courses, in the same semester and very few are published.

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Conus litoglyphus Hwass 1792

42. Conus litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguiere (Plate III fig. 35) 1792. Conus litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguière, Hist. Nat. Vers, 1: 692. 1874. Conus seychellensis Nevill & Nevill, J. Asiatic. Soc. Bengal, 43. pt. 2. no. 1. Material examined: Andaman and Nicobar- 3 exs. Measurements (in mm): Length: 34.60-39.50 Diameter: 22.40-26.40 Aperture 28.60-31.40 Distribution: India: Adaman and Nicobar Islands. Elsewhere: Indo Pacific. Remarks: C. litoglyphus can be distinguished with the presence of white spiral bands with flames extending into the brown areas.

Topic: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic Confirmation that the H5 Protein Is Required for Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication

ABSTRACT The duplication of the poxvirus double-stranded DNA genome occurs in cytoplasmic membrane-delimited factories. This physical autonomy from the host nucleus suggests that poxvirus genomes encode the full repertoire of proteins committed for genome replication. Biochemical and genetic analyses have confirmed that six viral proteins are required for efficient DNA synthesis; indirect evidence has suggested that the multifunctional H5 protein may also have a role. Here we show that H5 localizes to replication factories, as visualized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, and can be retrieved upon purification of the viral polymerase holoenzyme complex. The temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutant D ts 57, which was generated by chemical mutagenesis and has a lesion in H5, exhibits defects in DNA replication and morphogenesis under nonpermissive conditions, depending upon the experimental protocol. The H5 variant encoded by the genome of this mutant is ts for function but not stability. For a more precise investigation of how H5 contributes to DNA synthesis, we placed the ts 57 H5 allele in an otherwise wild-type viral background and also performed small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of H5. Finally, we generated a complementing cell line, CV-1–H5, which allowed us to generate a viral recombinant in which the H5 open reading frame was deleted and replaced with mCherry (vΔH5). Analysis of vΔH5 allowed us to demonstrate conclusively that viral DNA replication is abrogated in the absence of H5. The loss of H5 does not compromise the accumulation of other early viral replication proteins or the uncoating of the virion core, suggesting that H5 plays a direct and essential role in facilitating DNA synthesis. IMPORTANCE Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is the most notorious member of the Poxviridae family. Poxviruses are unique among DNA viruses that infect mammalian cells, in that their replication is restricted to the cytoplasm of the cell. This physical autonomy from the nucleus has both cell biological and genetic ramifications. Poxviruses must establish cytoplasmic niches that support replication, and the genomes must encode the repertoire of proteins necessary for genome synthesis. Here we focus on H5, a multifunctional and abundant viral protein. We confirm that H5 associates with the DNA polymerase holoenzyme and localizes to the sites of DNA synthesis. By generating an H5-expressing cell line, we were able to isolate a deletion virus that lacks the H5 gene and show definitively that genome synthesis does not occur in the absence of H5. These data support the hypothesis that H5 is a crucial participant in cytoplasmic poxvirus genome replication.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
New techniques for the design of observers

In this note we prove that if in observer equation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VA - FV = GC</tex> we choose matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</tex> in companion form, it is possible to give a very simple, explicit solution to unknown matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> . It is furthermore shown that for almost all the matrices <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</tex> , such that the pair ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F, G</tex> ) is reachable, matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(c\over{v})</tex> is of full rank. All this allows us to establish efficient algorthims for designing reduced observers both for the estimate of state and for that of a given linear functional, even if the spectra of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</tex> are not disjointed.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chromatograms: Rapid multilocus adaptation of clonal cabbage leaf curl virus populations to Arabidopsis thaliana

Sei-0 and Col-0 <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>plants were inoculated with WT and mutant cabbage leaf curl virus and PCR amplicons targeting the Rep gene region were Sanger-sequenced, as documented (Hoyer et al. 2022).

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Network modules as molecular disease definitions for mechanism-based endotyping anddrug repurposing

<p class="first" id="d4450006e139">We hardly understand any disease mechanistically and low precision drug interventions are the norm in the clinics [1,2]. Current disease definitions are also organ- and symptom-based which runs the risk that different mechanisms that cause a similar symptom are subsumed under one umbrella term. They are thus converted into one common and complex disease entity, which is impossible to untangle based on the current diagnostic tools, leading to a long-lasting classification of chronic diseases either based on symptoms or body location. The current treatment options for complex diseases are thus chronic interventions which are neither curative nor precise. Recent efforts have been made to redefine diseases by moving from symptom and organ to mechanism and cause [3]. The ultimate aim is to endotype patients and reach precision medicine. Complex diseases, contrary to rare monogenic diseases, are not caused by a single gene or protein, but several affected elements within a diseased network, a disease module. We have previously identified a disease mechanism, involving genes related to reactive oxygen species ( <span style="text-decoration: underline">RO</span>S) formation and <span style="text-decoration: underline">cG</span>MP signalling (ROCG). This disease mechanism or disease module is causal for a heterogeneous diseasome cluster of metabolic-cerebro-cardiovascular disease phenotypes [4]. Hypertension and heart failure have been validated within the ROCG endotype in biobanked patient samples (1 out of 5 and 1 out of 3 patients respectively) [5]. Stratifying patients according to both phenotype and endotype will enable high precision therapeutic interventions resulting in low number needed to treat. These data show that even for supposedly complex diseases, endotyping for precision medicine, and mechanistic disease re-definition is possible.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Scheduling problems for fractional airlines

A column generation based approach is proposed to solve scheduling problems for fractional airlines&#13;\nefficiently and return near optimal schedules. Crew tours are building blocks of our approach, and&#13;\nour approach is focused on exploring more feasible tours than other approaches. In particular, all&#13;\nelements of a crew tour are optimized during the preparation and tour generation procedures.&#13;\nMoreover, time windows of customer-requested flights are handled exactly, and generalized to time&#13;\nwindow and crew time window of duties and tours. Furthermore, time windows of tours are contained&#13;\nin the MIP formulation to ensure more feasible connections between tours.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn the pricing subproblem, an efficient constrained shortest path algorithm is proposed, which is&#13;\nnecessary for our model and also provides extensibility for incorporating more complex constraints&#13;\nin the future. Computational results of our model show very small optimality gaps and consistent&#13;\nimprovements over the model used in practice. Moreover, restricted versions of our model that have&#13;\nfast running time are provided, thus very desired in the case that running time has more priority&#13;\nthan solution quality. In order to understand the demand, data mining of demand data is presented&#13;\nand analyzed. Moreover, a recovery model is proposed to deal with unscheduled maintenance in&#13;\npractice, by reserving airplanes and crews in the model. Computational experiments show the&#13;\nadvantage of the recovery model, in the case of simulated unscheduled maintenance and comparing to&#13;\nmodels without recovery considerations.

Topic: Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Designing technical specifications for goyor woven fabric as material for civil servant official uniforms using quality function deployment and conjoint analysis

Abstract Sragen regency has a traditional woven fabric called goyor woven, whose presence is disappearing. One way to revive its existence is to encourage its use as the material for official uniforms of Sragen civil servants. For this purpose, there is a need to research the most preferable design of the goyor woven fabrics by the civil servants. The aim of this research is to determine the technical specifications of the goyor woven fabric by combining the characteristics of the goyor fabric and the preferences of Sragen civil servants. The method used is integrated QFD with conjoint analysis. QFD is used to translate consumer voices into technical specifications while conjoint analysis is used to find the best combination of the proposed goyor woven fabric design with the technical specifications. The initial result of the research indicates that the technical specifications of the goyor fabric design that is formed are red and blue fabrics with floral and geometric patterns. Based on conjoint analysis the option that best suits the preferences of Sragen civil servants is the combination of blue goyor fabric with geometric pattern.

Topic: Quality Function Deployment in Product Design
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Study of the Pathological Findings and Treatment in Soft-Tissue Injury of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

1. The normal thumb metacarpophalangeal joint varies greatly in range of motion and stability as evidenced by a clinical study of one thousand hands. Arthrodesis of the joint should be avoided if possible; but if necessary, the absence of motion does not limit thumb function greatly. 2. One hundred and forty-five cases of soft-tissue injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint have been reviewed. These included twenty-six dorsal dislocations, twenty-seven radial or ulnar injuries with complete medial or lateral instability, and ninety-two sprains with slight instability. 3. The pathological findings in the totally unstable joints were variable. Plaster immobilization when maintained for four weeks produced satisfactory results in many of these injuries. Immediate or early surgery is not indicated until the results of a trial with immobilization in a plaster cast have been carefully evaluated. Surgical treatment should then be considered if there is pain and functional impairment. 4. Dorsal dislocation of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint seldom results in instability. This observation suggests that the collateral ligaments are relaxed in extension and are stretched or partially torn and not avulsed in most instances. 5. Stability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint can be determined by clinical and roentgenographic stress testing when both thumbs are compared.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Computerized Simulation of Enveloping Process for Different Applications

Abstract Application domain of the enveloping method is very wide and includes numerous engineering applications. The method has been widely applied for the formation of various surfaces, including gear flanks. So called ‘nondiffferential’ method for enveloping process simulation has been developed; the method makes possible adequate description of the process. The method had laid the foundation for the development of a general-purpose software package which is used for the simulation of screw surface formation by different types of cutting tools, computation of tool profile needed to machine defined screw surface, determination of the profile of a gear tooth machined by a tool with defined geometry, computation of gear contact points coordinates, and other tasks. The computer program is modular in design, with a number of common units for the description of enveloped link geometry, enveloping process simulation, motion description, and units related to the solution of specific applied tasks.

Topic: Engineering Technology and Methodologies
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Local Administration of Autologous Synovium-Derived Cells Improve the Structural Properties of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Autograft Reconstruction in Sheep

Background: The structural properties of a tendon autograft deteriorate during the remodeling phase after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Hypothesis: A local application of autologous synovium-derived cells cultured in medium supplemented with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) may inhibit the deterioration of structural properties of the tendon graft after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fifty-two mature sheep were used. In each animal, the right knee underwent ACL reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon autograft; then, the animals were divided into 5 groups of 10. No additional treatments were applied in group 1, whereas fibrin sealant was applied around the graft in group 2. In group 3, autologous synovium-derived cells cultured in standard medium were applied around the graft with fibrin sealant, whereas autologous synovium-derived cells cultured in TGFβ-supplemented medium were applied with fibrin sealant in group 4. In group 5, fibrin sealant containing 20 ng of TGFβ was applied around the graft. Each animal was sacrificed at 12 weeks after the surgery. In each group, 7 and 3 sheep were used for biomechanical and histologic evaluations, respectively. The remaining 2 sheep were used to confirm whether the applied cells infiltrated the graft at 1 week after surgery. Results: Confocal microscope observations showed that the applied cells that were labeled before implantation infiltrated into the superficial portion of the graft at 1 week. Biomechanically, the maximum load and the stiffness of groups 4 and 5 were significantly greater than those of groups 1, 2, and 3. Histologically, necrotic lesions were observed in the core portion of the midsubstance in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3, 4, and 5, no necrotic lesions were found in the midsubstance. Conclusion: A local application of autologous synovium-derived cells cultured in TGFβ-supplemented medium or a fibrin sealant containing TGFβ significantly inhibits the natural deterioration of the structural properties of the tendon graft after ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Administration of autologous synovium-derived cells cultured in TGFβ-supplemented medium or TGFβ and fibrin glue alone can be a potential cell-based therapy to prevent graft deterioration after transplantation or accelerate mechanical restoration of the deteriorated graft.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A geometrical analysis of global stability in trained feedback networks

Recurrent neural networks have been extensively studied in the context of neuroscience and machine learning due to their ability to implement complex computations. While substantial progress in designing effective learning algorithms has been achieved in the last years, a full understanding of trained recurrent networks is still lacking. Specifically, the mechanisms that allow computations to emerge from the underlying recurrent dynamics are largely unknown. Here we focus on a simple, yet underexplored computational setup: a feedback architecture trained to associate a stationary output to a stationary input. As a starting point, we derive an approximate analytical description of global dynamics in trained networks which assumes uncorrelated connectivity weights in the feedback and in the random bulk. The resulting mean-field theory suggests that the task admits several classes of solutions, which imply different stability properties. Different classes are characterized in terms of the geometrical arrangement of the readout with respect to the input vectors, defined in the high-dimensional space spanned by the network population. We find that such approximate theoretical approach can be used to understand how standard training techniques implement the input-output task in finite-size feedback networks. In particular, our simplified description captures the local and the global stability properties of the target solution, and thus predicts training performance.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Barriers to and Opportunities for Light-Duty Vehicle Electrification in India: Insights From a Survey of Experts

According to the World Health Organization, India has the world’s worst air quality. Among other factors, vehicular pollution from the increasing stock of passenger vehicles has contributed to India’s deteriorating air quality. This increasing stock is also a factor in India becoming the third-highest oil-consuming and greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting country worldwide.

Topic: Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences