jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sternocleidomastoid muscle activation following inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the effect of short-time low frequency inspiratory muscle trainer (Threshold IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with COPD participating in a lung rehabilitation program were allocated to a control or inspiratory muscle training (IMT) group. The control group participated in the usual rehabilitation, whereas the other group received IMT (performed with a load of 50% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) adjusted weekly). Both interventions lasted for 2 months. Outcomes included electromyographic analysis of the SCM and MIP. In total, ten participants were allocated to each group. The IMT group presented an increase in absolute (p&lt;0.001) and predicted (p&lt;0.001) values of MIP and also in pre- and post-intervention variation between groups (p=0.003 and p=0.008, respectively). Such differences were not found in the control group. The SCM muscle activity decreased in the IMT post intragroup evaluation (p=0.008). IMT provided a reduction of the electromyographic activity of SCM in COPD patients, also increasing inspiratory muscle strength in the study participants.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Three New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Roots of Aconitum ouvrardianum HAND.-MAZZ.

A new C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloid, ouvrardiantine (1) and two new C(20)-diterpenoid alkaloids, ouvrardiandines A (2) and B (3) were isolated from the root of Aconitum ouvrardianum HAND.-MAZZ. The structure of the new alkaloids was established on the basis of spectral data (1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-MS).

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Neuroprotective effects of probiotics bacteria on animal model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated, progressive, and common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis in PD has been confirmed and probiotics also have the ability to regulate the mentioned mechanisms. Here, we assessed probiotics supplementation effects on experimental model of PD. Thirty Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups for a 14-day treatment. It was shown that a mixture of probiotics containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus reuteri</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> could improve rotational behavior, cognitive function, lipid peroxidation, and neuronal damage in the group received probiotic supplementation compared to the other groups (<i>P</i> < 0001, <i>P</i> < .001, and <i>P</i> = .026, respectively). Taken together, these findings revealed that probiotics supplementation could be an appropriate complementary treatment for PD.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gender and Decompression Sickness: A Critical Review and Analysis

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis.

Topic: Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rock ‘n’ Roll Took Me There: Its Effects Upon Individual and Communal Religious Experience

From the claims of punk rocker GG Allin aiming to shed his own blood for Rock ‘n’ Roll to the religiously tinted narratives of Bruce Springsteen we come to find artists using religious references to color their artistic medium. A question arises: Could these utterances and narratives show a deeper meaning behind Rock ‘n’ Roll such that it can give individuals a way to obtain religious experience? This thesis aims at arguing for the ability of Rock ‘n’ Roll as having a way to incite feelings of religious experience and communitas. Through the usage of auto-ethnography coupled with subsidiary sources from academic to pop culture writers this thesis will investigate if such a creative form helps to enable individuals to experience transcendence and feelings of community while immersed in Rock ‘n’ Roll.

Topic: Mormonism, Religion, and History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Navigation of Untethered Small-Scale Helical Devices Using Magnetic System Under Ultrasound Guidance

Magnetic actuation of untethered small-scale helical devices (USHDs) shows great potential for targeted drug delivery or as minimally invasive surgical tools in the human body. However, ensuring the success of therapeutic interventions in anatomically challenging regions, such as neck vascular networks with winding pathways and branching, demands the incorporation of precise image feedback and a robust control method. How to construct a control method with precise navigation ability in complex and hard-To-reach body districts is still a challenging work. In this paper, we propose a closed-loop control strategy for the USHD based on a permanent-magnet robotic (PMR) system inside a three-dimensional (3-D) vascular model with blood. First, the 3-D vascular model is reconstructed using 2-D ultrasound images. Second, the point-To-point closed-loop control of the USHD is performed under ultrasound guidance, and the control input is obtained to act on both the PMR system and the ultrasound system. Next, the USHD navigates the different pathways of the 3-D vascular model under the proposed control strategy. Finally, our in vitro experimental results indicate that the maximum mean absolute position error between the target point of each branch and the actual position reached by the USHD (length and diameter of 6 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively) is 6.4±3.8 mm and 4.2±2.8 mm when the blood flow rate is 16.6 mL/min, which corresponds to 28% of the maximum venous flow rate.

Topic: Micro and Nano Robotics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An examination of the Geochemical properties of late devensian glacigenic sediments in Eastern England

Onshore advance of the North Sea lobe of the Late Devensian British Ice Sheet the last glaciation resulted in the deposition of thick multiple till sequences along the coasts of east Yorkshire and north Lincolnshire. Despite an abundance of sedimentological and stratigraphical data, the origin of these tills remains controversial, and their correlation along the coast is poorly understood. These multiple till sequences provide an excellent opportunity to test models of large-scale subglacial sediment transport and deposition beneath soft-bed ice sheets using geochemistry. Such geochemical analysis has been used extensively in other formerly glaciated areas, notably Canada, to identify till characteristics and dispersal patterns. However, to date it has not been applied in any detail to glacial sediments in the UK and its potential as a tool for till correlation and understanding till genesis remains relatively undeveloped. A detailed sampling method was employed at seven sites in eastern England; Filey, Skipsea, Dimlington, South Ferriby, Kirmington, Welton-Le-Wold and Morston; to investigate vertical and lateral changes in till geochemistry in this region. Particle size analysis of the till matrix was used as an additional tool to provide extra sedimentological data. Complete linkage and Ward's method cluster analysis was used to establish groups of geochemically similar diamicton samples. Geochemical results suggest that there are vertical changes in till geochemistry, which are likely to be related to a change in provenance from local to more distal sources. Geochemistry and particle size results were also unable to precisely differentiate between the Basement, Skipsea and Withernsea till types. Instead, the repeated nature of the geochemical signature at larger sites, such as Dimlington, and the lateral discontinuity of some geochemical groups suggests that the till sequences at Filey, Dimlington, and Skipsea are comprised of a number of lithologically distinct rafts which have been tectonically stacked or elevated to higher levels in the sediment pile. At Dimlington the production of a glacitectonically folded and stacked moraine is proposed as a mechanism to explain the remarkably thick sequence of Withemsea Till and the repeated nature of the geochemical signature at this site. This research therefore provides new evidence for our understanding of glacial stratigraphy and former ice dynamics in eastern England, suggesting that till composition and the mechanics behind its production are more complex than the traditional stratigraphic division allows.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Category-Based versus Attribute-Based Processing in Different-Aged Adults

Adaptive social functioning requires flexibility in processing operations in response to the characteristics of specific situations. Three experiments were conducted in which the ability of different-aged adults to appropriately use category-based versus attribute-based information in making affective judgments was examined. Contrary to expectations, we found that performance was minimally related to age or to working memory efficiency. Adults of all ages made affective judgments based on category information when such information resulted in appropriate inferences, whereas attribute-based information was used when category-based inferences were inaccurate. We interpret these results to be consistent with the hypothesis that the processing of evaluative information occurs at a preconscious level with little drain on processing resources.

Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[Separation and identification of active constituents of Paris vietnamensis].

Compound 1 is a new spirostanol saponin, and compounds 2, 3, 6-11 were obtained from Paris vietnamensis (Takht.) for the first time. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 8 had cytotoxic bioactivities against tumor cells HepG2 and SGC-7901.

Topic: Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A “Snip” in Time: Circumcision Revisited

The publication of an Italian study on etiology and interactions of frenulum breve, frenulectomy, and premature ejaculation, and the results of a popular Austrian sex study initiated a survey on this topic, accompanied by collecting a small sample of data in an urban practice environment in Germany. Since frenulectomy, for practical reasons, often leads to a complete removal of the prepuce, circumcision has come to the fore anew. Moreover, under the heading, “Ending a myth: male circumcision is not associated with higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction,” a recent study relating circumcision to sexual dysfunction has been published. In this chapter, an overview of research results as well as of psychological and clinical aspects of circumcision and associated subjects is given. There seem to be advantages of circumcision as to sexual dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Depending on etiopathology, some treatment options may require psychosomatic reasoning.

Topic: Genital Health and Disease
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hybrid Deep Learning CNN-Bidirectional LSTM and Manhattan Distance for Japanese Automated Short Answer Grading

This paper discusses the development of an Automatic Essay Grading System (SIMPLE-O) designed using hybrid CNN and Bidirectional LSTM and Manhattan Distance for Japanese language course essay grading. The most stable and best model is trained using hyperparameters with kernel sizes of 5, filters or CNN outputs of 64, a pool size of 4, Bidirectional LSTM units of 50, and a batch size of 64. The deep learning model is trained using the Adam optimizer with a learning rate of 0.001, an epoch of 25, and using an L1 regularization of 0.01. The average error obtained is 29%.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Targeted sequencing reveals candidate causal variants for dairy bull subfertility

Summary Bull fertility is a key factor for successful reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Since the semen from a single bull can be used to inseminate hundreds of cows, one subfertile bull could have a major impact on herd reproductive efficiency. We have previously identified five genomic regions, located on BTA8 (72.2 Mb), BTA9 (43.7 Mb), BTA13 (60.2 Mb), BTA17 (63.3 Mb), and BTA27 (34.7 Mb), that show large dominance effects on bull fertility. Each of these regions explained about 5–8% of the observed differences in sire conception rate between Holstein bulls. Here, we aimed to identify candidate causal variants responsible for this variation using targeted sequencing (10 Mb per region). For each genomic region, two DNA pools were constructed from high‐fertility and low‐fertility Holstein bulls. The DNA‐sequencing analysis included reads quality control (using FastQC), genome alignment (using BWA and ARS‐UCD1.2), variant calling (using GATK) and variant annotation (using Ensembl). The sequencing depth per pool varied from 39× to 51×. We identified a set of nonsense mutations, missense mutations, and frameshift variants carried by low‐fertility bulls. Notably, some of these variants were classified as strong candidate causal variants, i.e., mutations with deleterious effects located on genes exclusively/highly expressed in testis. Genes affected by these candidate causal variants include AK9 , TTLL9 , TCHP , and FOXN4 . These results could aid in the development of novel genomic tools that allow early detection and culling of subfertile bull calves.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Final Doublet Support System

&amp;ndash; support table&lt;BR&gt;\n&amp;ndash; &lt;ABBR TITLE="Beam Size Monitor"&gt;BSM&lt;/ABBR&gt; support with beam position measurement by &lt;ABBR TITLE="Interaction Point Beam Position Monitor"&gt;IPBPM&lt;/ABBR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;\n&amp;ndash; Monalisa monitor

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical and Recombination Properties of Copper‐Silicide Precipitates in Silicon.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of (Furyl)Methyl Disulfides via Tandem Reaction of Conjugated Ene-Yne-Ketones with Acetyl-Masked Disulfide Nucleophiles

In this study, we outline a general method for the construction of various (furyl)methyl disulfides from acetyl-masked disulfide nucleophiles and ene-yne-ketones. This protocol is feathered by metal-free, simple experimental conditions, high efficiency, and scalable potential, which make it attractive and practical.

Topic: Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6660B/02A, Netherlands, Schoonebeek

Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 57; first year: 1673; tree-death year: 1730; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 9; Last ring under bark: absent

Topic: Forest ecology and management
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 255500: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Cooling Mist Spray Characteristics and Cavitation Influence

Spray or nozzle have many engineering applications, such as in combustion system, agriculture and industrial process, dust control, firefighting, spray drying and evaporative cooling. This research was carried out to study the spray characteristics of commercial water cooling mist sprays (nozzle diameter of 1mm and 2mm), and the effect of cavitation on the characteristics of the spray. The spray angle, droplet velocity and droplet size of each nozzles were taken by the means of direct photography using high speed camera and digital still camera. Next, cavitation phenomenon was simulated by CFD software (ANSYS) and its relation to the results from experiment was established.Results show that, the higher the supply pressure, the stronger the cavitation that occurs.This is shown by the value of minus pressure that generated inside the nozzle.This in turn effect the spray droplet size, where it is proven that higher supply pressure produced smaller droplets.Results also shown that with longer nozzle length, the cavitation can become more significant, until reaching certain threshold.This suggests that there is a relation of L/D (nozzle length to diameter ratio) that governs the cavitation formation.

Topic: Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sound-based Emotion Estimation and Growing HRI System for an Edutainment Robot

This paper presents the sound-based emotion estimation method and the growing HRI (human-robot interaction) system for a Mon-E robot. The method of emotion estimation uses the musical element based on the law of harmony and counterpoint. The emotion is estimated from sound using the information of musical elements which include chord, tempo, volume, harmonic and compass. In this paper, the estimated emotions display the standard 12 emotions including Eckman's 6 emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) and the opposite 6 emotions (calmness, love, confidence, unhappiness, gladness, comfortableness) of those. The growing HRI system analyzes sensing information, estimated emotion and service log in an edutainment robot. So, it commands the behavior of the robot. The growing HRI system consists of the emotion client and the emotion server. The emotion client estimates the emotion from sound. This client not only transmits the estimated emotion and sensing information to the emotion server but also delivers response coming from the emotion server to the main program of the robot. The emotion server not only updates the rule table of HRI using information transmitted from the emotion client and but also transmits the response of the HRI to the emotion client. The proposed system was applied to a Mon-E robot and can supply friendly HRI service to users.

Topic: Language and cultural evolution
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrogel Swelling-Mediated Strain Induces Cell Alignment at Dentin Interfaces

Cell and tissue alignment is a defining feature of periodontal tissues. Therefore, the development of scaffolds that can guide alignment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) relative to tooth root (dentin) surfaces is highly relevant for periodontal tissue engineering. To control PDLC alignment adjacent to the dentin surface, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were explored as a highly tunable matrix for encapsulating cells and directing their activity. Specifically, a composite system consisting of dentin blocks, PEG hydrogels, and PDLCs was created to control PDLC alignment through hydrogel swelling. PDLCs in composites with minimal hydrogel swelling showed random alignment adjacent to dentin blocks. In direct contrast, the presence of hydrogel swelling resulted in PDLC alignment perpendicular to the dentin surface, with the degree and extension of alignment increasing as a function of swelling. Replicating this phenomenon with different molds, block materials, and cells, together with predictive modeling, indicated that PDLC alignment was primarily a biomechanical response to swelling-mediated strain. Altogether, this study describes a novel method for inducing cell alignment adjacent to stiff surfaces through applied strain and provides a model for the study and engineering of periodontal and other aligned tissues.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Syntheses. Part 14. The Syntheses and Structural Characterizations of the High‐Nuclearity Sulfidoruthenium Carbonyl Cluster Compounds Ru5(CO)14(μ4‐S)2, Ru6(CO)17(μ4‐S)2, and Ru7(CO)20(μ4‐S)2.

Abstract The reaction of cluster (I) with Ru 3 (CO) 12 (II) under UV irradiation gives the higher nuclearity cluster compounds (III), (IV), and (V).

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences