jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Family planning practice and fertility intentions of HIV infected persons attending art clinic at Kogi state university teaching hospital, KSUTH, Anyigba, north central Nigeria

Introduction: The availability of newer information and life prolonging antiretroviral drugs has provided the person living with HIV/AIDS the opportunity to contemplate and actually take the decision to embark on procreation. This study sets out to investigate the family planning practice and fertility desires and intentions of persons living with HIV/AIDS and the factors that influence these desires. Methods: This study was conducted at Kogi state university Teaching Hospital KSUTH Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 287 persons who presented for and are on ART who are clinically and /or laboratorily diagnosed as HIV stage 1-3 disease who give their consent were included in the cross sectional study by random sampling. The inclusion criteria were: confirmed HIV disease, Kanoffsky scale not less than 80%, 18 years of age or more but not more than 70 years, on ART and sexually active. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants seeking to get information about their biodata, attitude to and knowledge of their condition and their family planning practice and fertility intentions. Results: Two hundred and twenty five valid questionnaires out of the two hundred and eighty seven issued were analyzed and the obtained result is presented below. The study (Table Ia) showed the age range of respondents in years. Only one (0.4%) person was below 19 years and there was no body above the age of 59 years. There is (Table 1b) a mix of marital status; married, 131 (58.2%) constitute the majority, not married,65 (28.9%), divorced,9 (4%) and those in relationship,20 (8.9%). Women are still more affected by the disease (144 out of 225) than men and the serodiscordance in this study is significant. Although many seropositive persons are aware of family planning services and option only 21.8% of them use any method in this study. The consistent use of condom is only 42.7%. 73.3% of HIV seropositive persons have intention to have children. Conclusion: Majority of the persons living with HIV/AIDS are aware of family planning services/options. Only few (49) (21.7%) of these people utilize any of the family planning options consistently. This presents a challenge for those saddled with integrating fertility/reproductive health services into HIV/AIDS care programmes. Health communicators also have a challenge to scale up the uptake of these services. Persons living with HIV/AIDS significantly show desires to have children (73.3%). There is significant association between the desire to have children and duration of antiretroviral therapy and the number of children already gotten by individuals who are HIV seropositive.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Developmental analysis of Spalt function in the <i>Drosophila</i> prothoracic gland

ABSTRACT The Spalt transcriptional regulators participate in a variety of cell fate specification processes during development, regulating transcription through interactions with DNA AT-rich regions. Spalt proteins also bind to heterochromatic regions, and some of their effects require interactions with the NuRD chromatin remodeling and deacetylase complex. Most of the biological roles of Spalt proteins have been characterized in diploid cells engaged in cell proliferation. Here, we address the function of Drosophila Spalt genes in the development of a larval tissue formed by polyploid cells, the prothoracic gland, the cells of which undergo several rounds of DNA replication without mitosis during larval development. We show that prothoracic glands depleted of Spalt expression display severe changes in the size of the nucleolus, the morphology of the nuclear envelope and the disposition of the chromatin within the nucleus, leading to a failure in the synthesis of ecdysone. We propose that loss of ecdysone production in the prothoracic gland of Spalt mutants is primarily caused by defects in nuclear pore complex function that occur as a consequence of faulty interactions between heterochromatic regions and the nuclear envelope.

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring, modelling, and simulating the Feeling of Comfort in residential settings

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The fact that comfort is a subjective state of the mind is widely accepted by engineers, architects and building scientists. Despite this, capturing all the complexity, subjectivity and richness of this construct in models that are useful in building science contexts is far from straightforward. By prioritizing usability, building science has produced models of comfort (e.g., acoustic, visual and thermal) that overly simplify this concept to something nearly objective that can be directly associated with people’s physiology and measurable and quantifiable environmental factors. This is a contradiction because, even if comfort is supposed to be subjective, most of the complexity of “the subject” is avoided by focusing on physiology; and, even if comfort is supposed to reside in the mind, the cognitive processes that characterize the mind are disregarded. This research partially mitigates this contradiction by exploring people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition within the context of their comfort and by proposing a way in which they can be incorporated into building science research and practice. This research refers to these elements together—i.e., people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition—as “the mind”.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This research proposes a new qualitative model of the Feeling of Comfort that embraces “the mind”. This model was developed from the results of a first study in which 18 people—from Chile and New Zealand—were asked to describe “a home with good daylight” and “a warm home” in their own words. These results were then replicated in a second study in which another group of 24 people—also from Chile and New Zealand—described “a home with good acoustic performance”, “a home with good air quality” and “a pleasantly cool home”. The Feeling of Comfort model not only was capable of making sense of the new data (gathered in this second study) but also proved to be simple enough to be useful in the context of comfort research and practice. For instance, it guided the development of a quantitative Feeling of Comfort model and also of a prototype building simulation tool that embraces “the mind” and thus can potentially estimate people’s Feeling of Comfort.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This research concludes that embracing “the mind” is not only possible but necessary. The reason for this is that “the mind” plays a significant role in the development of people’s comfort. Thus, theories and models of comfort that ignore it fail to represent properly the concept of comfort held by the people for whom buildings are designed. However, incorporating “the mind” into building science’s research and practice implies embracing tools, research methods and conceptual frameworks that have historically not been used by such a discipline. Specifically, it concludes that building science should normalize a more holistic view of comfort and perform more exploratory and qualitative research.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE EU: AN ATTEMPT OF INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

ТЕРРОРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА: ПОПЫТКА ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА Аннотация.В ЕС, в отличие от России, нет единого списка террористических организаций.Вместо этого используется трехуровневая система, в которую включены списки ООН, списки, принятые на уровне Союза, и списки государств -членов ЕС.Состав организаций, признанных Евросоюзом террористическими, постоянно меняется.Тем не менее ежегодные отчеты Европола о террористической ситуации традиционно делят террористические организации на пять групп в зависимости от их мотивации.Исламистский терроризм в ЕС принято именовать джихадистским.Его идеология основывается на тенденциозном понимании некоторых сур Корана.Идеологи исламского фундаментализма и лидеры террористических организаций умело манипулируют противоречиями мусульманской культуры и современной светской культуры европейских государств, разжигая взаимное недовольство и подталкивая стороны к насилию.Организации, принадлежащие традиционному для Европы терроризму, связанному с сепаратистскими движениями Северной Ирландии и Страны Басков, объединены в одну группу с национал-сепаратистскими организациями, действующими в других регионах мира -на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии.Крупных террористических группировок левого толка в настоящее время в Европе практически нет.Среди организаций, отнесенных Европолом к этой группе, присутствуют латиноамериканские, ближневосточные и одна филиппинская.Кроме названных групп террористических организаций, Европол выделяет пра-

Topic: Economic and Business Development Strategies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Iraq War on Al-Jazeera Websites: Did the English- and Arabic-language users experience different online coverage?

Arabic-language users experience different online coverage? Abstract / This study examined the online coverage of the Iraq War in the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. By content analyzing prominence of news stories, use of sources, and tone of coverage, this study tested whether Al-Jazeera news websites significantly differed in covering the conflict. Results showed a significant difference regarding the proportion of Iraqi news stories between the two websites. By and large, however, our analysis suggested no differences between the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. Furthermore, the reporting in both sites relied heavily on U.S. sources and Iraqi sources in covering the conflict. 2

Topic: Media Studies and Communication
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Linear Voting Rules

How should a society choose between two social alternatives if participation in the decision process is voluntary and costly, and monetary transfers are not feasible? Assuming symmetric independent private values, we show that it is utilitarian‐optimal to use a linear voting rule: votes get alternative‐dependent weights, and a default obtains if the weighted sum of votes stays below some threshold. Any combination of weights and threshold can be optimal. A standard quorum rule can be optimal only when it yields the same outcome as a linear rule. A linear rule is called upper linear if the default is upset at every election result that meets the threshold exactly. We develop a perturbation method to characterize equilibria of voting rules in the case of small participation costs and show that leaving participation voluntary increases welfare for any two‐sided upper linear rule that is optimal under compulsory participation.

Topic: Game Theory and Voting Systems
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Remodeling of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Accompanies LUHMES Differentiation

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are often used to study the subcellular mechanisms underlying differentiation into neurons in vitro. Works published to date have focused on the pathways that distinguish undifferentiated NPCs from mature neurons, neglecting the earlier and intermediate stages of this process. Current evidence suggests that mitochondria interaction with the ER is fundamental to a wide range of intracellular processes. However, it is not clear whether and how the mitochondria–ER interactions differ between NPCs and their differentiated counterparts. Here we take advantage of the widely used NPC line LUHMES to provide hints on the mitochondrial dynamic trait changes that occur during the first stage of their maturation into dopaminergic-like neurons. We observed that the morphology of mitochondria, their interaction with the ER, and the expression of several mitochondria–ER contact site resident proteins change, which suggests the potential contribution of mitochondria dynamics to NPC differentiation. Further studies will be needed to explore in depth these changes, and their functional outcomes, which may be relevant to the scientific community focusing on embryonic neurogenesis and developmental neurotoxicity.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Microbiome modulators for atopic eczema: a systematic review of experimental and investigational therapeutics

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory cutaneous disease that arises due to dysregulation of the Th2 immune response, impaired skin barrier integrity, and dysbiosis of the skin and gut microbiota. An abundance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms in AD lesions increases the Th2 immune response, and gut bacteria release breakdown products such as Short Chain Fatty Acids that regulate the systemic immune response. We aim to evaluate therapies that modulate the microbiome in humans and discuss the clinical implications of these treatments. We performed a review of the literature in which 2,673 records were screened, and describe the findings of 108 studies that were included after full-text review. All included studies discussed the effects of therapies on the human microbiome and AD severity. Oral probiotics, topical probiotics, biologics, and investigational therapies were included in our analysis. Oral probiotics demonstrate mixed efficacy at relieving AD symptoms. Topical probiotics reduce S. aureus abundance in AD lesional skin, yet for moderate-severe disease, these therapies may not reduce AD severity scores to the standard of biologics. Dupilumab and tralokinumab target key inflammatory pathways in AD and modulate the skin microbiome, further improving disease severity.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photoinduced melting of superconductivity in the high-Tc superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4 probed by time-resolved optical and THz techniques

Dynamics of depletion and recovery of superconducting state in La2-xSrxCuO_4 thin films is investigated utilizing optical pump-probe and optical pump - THz probe techniques as a function of temperature and excitation fluence. The absorbed energy density required to suppress superconductivity is found to be about 8 times higher than the thermodynamically determined condensation energy density and nearly temperature independent between 4 and 25 K. These findings indicate that during the time when superconducting state suppression takes place (~0.7 ps), a large part (nearly 90%) of the energy is transferred to the phonons with energy lower than twice the maximum value of of the SC gap and only 10% is spent on Cooper pair breaking.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Morphological Features of Fibrillar Collagen Indicative of Tumor Progression in Bladder Cancer

Objective Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system. As with all types of cancer, accurate monitoring of stage progression is critical in determining proper treatment strategies and predicting clinical outcomes. Collagen fibers are a major component of tumor microenvironment, and their post‐translational modifications during the course of tumor progression are well‐documented in a number of malignancies including bladder cancer. In the present feasibility study we sought to determine whether quantitative morphological features extracted from collagen fibers can be used to distinguish between urothelial carcinoma tumors pre‐muscle‐invasion (stage pT1) and post‐muscle‐invasion (stage pT2). Methods PicroSirius Red (PSR) staining was used to detect fibrillar collagen in 8 tissue microarray (TMA) cores acquired from Biomax (4 stage pT1, 4 stage pT2). We applied auto‐fluorescence imaging techniques to detect the PSR signal, and employed the CT‐Fire freeware to automatically extract individual collagen fibers. Five morphological features (including length, width, straightness, orientation, and anisotropy) were computed for each detected fiber. Individual features were then combined within each slide to form five corresponding histograms per TMA core. Finally, for each histogram we computed two measures of central tendency (i.e., mean and median), two measures of spread (i.e., range and standard deviation), and two measures of symmetry (i.e., skewness and kurtosis). Results To identify any statistically‐significant differences between the pT1 and pT2 groups, we employed the student’s t‐test (run in Python 3.8.5) to compare the two groups with respect to each of the five morphological features and across each of the six distributional measures mentioned in the Methods section (30 comparisons in total). Of these 30 comparisons, all but one (i.e., median) of the six straightness measures resulted in a p‐value &lt; 0.05. Further, each of the two measures of spread (i.e., range and standard deviation) of straightness returned a p‐value &lt; 0.001. We are currently working on expanding the size of our dataset to further validate these results. Conclusion Our preliminary findings are in line with the hypothesis that collagen remodeling is strongly associated with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, and suggest that quantitative features measuring the straightness of individual fibers may be used to improve tumor staging. This type of quantitative approach is particularly helpful in distinguishing between stage pT1 and stage pT2 of bladder cancer, a task which can be challenging at times even for experienced pathologists.

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pengukuran Kinerja Customer Relationship Management (CRM) CDMA Esia Menggunakan CRM Scorecard Pada PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk

Bakrie Telecom realizes it is importance to know the customer needs that have not been fulfilled and the effectiveness of its CRM (Solusi Esia). The purpose of this study is to analyze the Importance-Performance Matrix and designing performance measurement systems and measure of Solusi Esia performance, then propose development program of Solusi Esia for the next year. Designing a CRM Scorecard start from cascading the vision, mission and strategy of the company to the vision, mission and strategy of Solusi Esia, then translate into fours CRM Scorecard perspective, setting strategic objectives, building a strategy map, set targets, and strategic initiatives and weighing of each strategic objective as lag indicators relative to a leading indicator in each perspective using pair wise comparisons. The score of Solusi Esia Performance is 3.46 considered good. Some development programs are call center phone charge change to be free of charge, establish training centers, network operations, voice recording the conversation between costumer and costumer service and periodically doing a market survey.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Calcium Distribution in Human and Bovine Surface Enamel

In this investigation, the calcium content of sound decalcified and etched enamel was measured with an electron microprobe. The results show that calcium content, as a function of depth, decreases only a few percent as a result of decalcification in gelatin solutions of pH 4 and 5 within 1–8 days. Subsurface lesions (with a relatively low Ca concentration) could be observed. These lesions penetrated under the enamel surface at a rate proportional to the square root of the decalcification time. In etched enamel, however, the Ca decrease observed (also a few percent) was uniform over the whole penetrated area.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
PARAMETRIC SURFACES FOR AUGMENTED ARCHITECTURE REPRESENTATION

Abstract. Augmented Reality (AR) represents a growing communication channel, responding to the need to expand reality with additional information, offering easy and engaging access to digital data. AR for architectural representation allows a simple interaction with 3D models, facilitating spatial understanding of complex volumes and topological relationships between parts, overcoming some limitations related to Virtual Reality. In the last decade different developments in the pipeline process have seen a significant advancement in technological and algorithmic aspects, paying less attention to 3D modeling generation. For this, the article explores the construction of basic geometries for 3D model’s generation, highlighting the relationship between geometry and topology, basic for a consistent normal distribution. Moreover, a critical evaluation about corrective paths of existing 3D models is presented, analysing a complex architectural case study, the virtual model of Villa del Verginese, an emblematic example for topological emerged problems. The final aim of the paper is to refocus attention on 3D model construction, suggesting some "good practices" useful for preventing, minimizing or correcting topological problems, extending the accessibility of AR to people engaged in architectural representation.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Speech enhancement using harmonic regeneration

This paper addresses the problem of harmonic distortion that introduced in traditional short time noise suppression methods, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) noisy environments. We propose a simple but effective harmonic regeneration method to solve this problem. The full harmonics of the speech are obtained by applying a non-linear function to the enhanced speech after traditional short time noise suppression methods. The artificial signal is then refined by updating the spectral amplitude in three different frequency sub-bands respectively. The algorithm is theoretically analyzed and tried. Both the subjective and objective experiment results show that the harmonic regeneration algorithm can help improve the quality of the enhanced speech.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MAḤRAM IN WOMEN’S SAFAR BASED ON IBNU QAYYIM AL-JAUZIYYAH’S LEGAL CHANGE THEORY

This paper aims to analyze the legal thought about the prohibition of women traveling without maḥram and attempt to reinterpret the Prophet's hadith regarding the prohibition through contextualization and reconstruction. The theory of legal change by Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah was chosen in this paper to explain the characteristics of the Islamic law that can change and accept change. The universal message contained in the hadith cannot be ignored by simply sticking to the text. The hadith regarding the prohibition of traveling for women without a maḥram has a very different context from the present context. This can be proven by the aspects that become factors of legal change according to Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah including time (azminah), place (amkinah), condition (ahwāl), intention/motivation (niyāt), and tradition (‘awāid). Based on these aspects, it can be understood that the urgency of the maḥram in women's journey is intended as a guarantee of security from the dangers that were very likely to be experienced women at that time. In contrast to the present context, which has experienced rapid development in the fields of technology, information, transportation, which provide more access, comfort, and security. Efforts to protect women have been legitimized through existing legal norms.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences