jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic Prominence Annotation for German Speech Syntesis Corpus: Towards Prominence-Based Prosody Generator for Unit Selection Syntesis

This paper describes work directed towards the development &#13;\nof a syllable prominence-based prosody generation &#13;\nfunctionality for the German unit selection speech &#13;\nsynthesis system. A general concept for syllable-prominence &#13;\nbased prosody generation in unit selection synthesis is &#13;\nproposed. As a first step towards its implementation, an &#13;\nautomated syllable prominence annotation procedure based on &#13;\nacoustic analyses has been performed on the BOSS speech &#13;\ncorpus. The prominence labeling has been evaluated against &#13;\nan existing annotation of lexical stress levels and manual &#13;\nprominence labeling on a subset of the corpus. We discuss &#13;\nmethods and results and give an outlook on further &#13;\nimplementation steps.exploiting the inherent variation within the speech data. For &#13;\nexample, a specific predicted pitch target for a certain position &#13;\nwithin an utterance to be synthesized might not be available in &#13;\nthe speech corpus. In a prominence-based framework, this &#13;\ncould be made up for by selecting a unit that exhibits a high &#13;\nvalues for another prosodic parameter at this position, &#13;\nresulting in the same abstract level of perceptual salience that &#13;\nthe pitch target would have assigned. The prominence-based &#13;\napproach could thus be an efficient way of prosody modeling, &#13;\nalthough it has to be acknowledged that there certainly are &#13;\ncontexts in which a specific pitch profile is actually crucial. &#13;\nA possible architecture for syllable-prominence-based

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The influence of policy and context on teachers’ social media use

Abstract Research on teachers’ use of social media has typically assumed that it is a) driven by a need for professional learning and b) best understood in terms of individual motivations. In this study, we use a dataset of nearly 600,000 tweets posted to one or more of 48 Regional Educational Twitter Hashtags associated with 44 U.S. states. To explore the influence of local contextual factors on hashtag‐ and account‐level activity in these hashtags, we use an analytic approach heretofore uncommon in social media‐focussed education research: generalised linear and multilevel modelling. At the hashtag level, higher numbers of teachers within a state, proportions of students receiving subsidised meals, student‐to‐teacher ratios, and amounts of state spending per child are associated with more activity within a regional hashtag; by contrast, more left‐leaning state governments and citizenries are associated with less activity. At the account level, more experienced accounts and accounts in more right‐leaning states contribute more tweets to these hashtags. These findings reinforce established understandings of Twitter as a site for teacher learning; however, they also underline the importance of acknowledging other important purposes of teachers’ Twitter use, including receiving emotional support and engaging in activism. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Many teachers use Twitter (and other social media platforms) for professional purposes. Teachers have identified professional learning—among other purposes—as motivating their use of Twitter. Regional Educational Twitter Hashtags are diverse learning spaces for teachers and other education stakeholders. What this paper adds Local context and policy factors help influence teachers’ use of Twitter. Teachers may turn to Twitter because of a lack of emotional or political support—not just a lack of material support or professional development opportunities. Individual and idiosyncratic factors remain important in explaining teachers’ engagement with social media. Implications for practice and/or policy Informal spaces like social media may supplement formal support mechanisms for teachers. Teachers’ use of social media may help administrators and policymakers identify existing gaps to be repaired in those formal support mechanisms. Support for teachers should be conceived holistically and include emotional and political support.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A basic model for evaluating R&amp;D performance: theory and application in Italy

Nowadays the public R&amp;D laboratories have a fundamental role in countries’ development, supporting businesses as they face the technological challenges in the turbulent world scenarios. Measuring the performance of R&amp;D organisations is crucially important to decisions about the level and direction of public funding for research and development. This research considers the public laboratories like systems and develops a mathematical model based on the measurement of R&amp;D activities with k‐indices. The score obtained from the research laboratories evaluation (relev) methodology synthesises in single value financial, scientific and technological aspects. It is an indicator, for R&amp;D manager and policy maker, of performance in relation to other research organisations or in a time series. The method is an instrument of strategic planning and can be used for the improvement of individual activities and the overall performance of public R&amp;D bodies.

Topic: Innovation Policy and R&D
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 1 of Enhanced hepatic respiratory capacity and altered lipid metabolism support metabolic homeostasis during short-term hypoxic stress

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Systemic and hepatic effects of GSK932121A administration. Figure S2. Food intake and body weights for Veh and GSK932121A treated animals, alongside hepatic mitochondrial respiration rates from control and hypoxic pair-fed animals. Figure S3. BN-PAGE band identification and band intensity quantification for control and hypoxic pair-fed animals. Figure S4. Protein expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and gene expression of factors associated with mitochondrial supercomplex formation. Figure S5. Glycolytic gene expression. Figure S6. Effect of hypoxia pair-feeding on hepatic TAGs. Figure S7. Lipidomic profile of 2 d hypoxic Veh and GSK932121A treated animals, TAG levels with GSK932121A treatment and total lipid intensity. Figure S8. Original immunoblot images. Figure S9. Original colloidal blue stained images obtained using BN-PAGE.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
When should ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement be performed in cases with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus?

These data indicate that ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in the same session of MM sac repair in patients with HS is not an acceptable practice. We therefore believe in VPS placement in a separate session by confirming absence of infection after MM sac repair surgery.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Public Health Perspective on End of Life Care

PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Applying a public health perspective in end-of-life care PART II: CLINICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT OF DEATH AND DYING 2. Place of death and end-of-life care 3. Circumstances of death and dying 4. End-of-life decisions 5. Economic and health related consequences of individuals caring for terminally ill cancer patients in Canada PART III: END-OF-LIFE CARE: PROVISION, ACCESS, AND CHARACTERISTICS 6. Aggressive treatment and palliative care at the end of life 7. Access to palliative care 8. Communication between patient and caregiver PART IV: END-OF-LIFE CARE SETTINGS 9. Palliative care in primary care 10. Palliative care in institutional long-term care settings 11. Palliative care in hospitals PART V: INEQUALITIES AT THE END OF LIFE: UNDERSERVED GROUPS 12. Non-cancer patients 13. Palliative care for the older adult 14. A public health framework for pediatric palliative and hospice care 15. End-of-life care for patients with intellectual disabilities 16. End-of-life care for people who live in rural or remote areas versus those who live in urban areas 17. Social inequalities at the end of life PART VI: END-OF-LIFE CARE POLICIES 18. Design, implementation, and evaluation of palliative care programs and services with a public health who perspective 19. Public health policy regarding end-of-life care in sub-Saharan Africa 20. Palliative care in the global context: understanding policies to support end-of-life care 21. The importance of family carers in end-of-life care: a public health approach PART VII: CONCLUSION 22. Conclusions

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[A Case of Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Treated with Salvage Lymphadenectomy after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy].

A 74-year-old man admitted with dysphagia was found to have advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, clinical stage IV (T4N2M0). We initiated definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)with combined 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy( FP therapy)and 50.4 Gy irradiation, followed by boost FP therapy, to which the patient showed confirmed complete response(CR). Local recurrence was detected in the scar of the primary lesion at 4 months after the boost FP therapy. Photodynamic therapy(PDT)for this lesion resulted in CR. Thirteen months later, right hilar and right pericardial lymph node metastases were found. The right hilar lymph node metastases were not visible on CT after triweekly docetaxel therapy, but the pericardial lesions remained. The patient underwent salvage lymphadenectomy without further chemotherapy, and at 5 months after surgery, he was alive and recurrence-free.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reactivity of Digermylenes toward Potassium Graphite: Synthesis and Characterization of Germylidenide Anions

The synthesis and characterization of the digermylenes [LGe-GeL] [L = L(1) (3A), L(2) (3B)] supported by the 2,6-diiminophenyl (L(1)) and 2-imino-5,6-methylenedioxylphenyl (L(2)) ligands are described. Their reactivities toward potassium graphite are also reported. The reaction of [LGeCl] [L = L(1) (2A), L(2) (2B)] with KC(8) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature afforded the digermylenes [LGe-GeL] [L = L(1) (3A), L(2) (3B)], which are the first examples of diaryldigermylenes stabilized by o-imino donor(s). The treatment of 3A with 2 equiv of KC(8) in Et(2)O, followed by the addition of excess tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), results in cleavage of the Ge(I)-Ge(I) bond to afford the germylidenide anion [L(1)GeK·TMEDA] (4A). Similarly, the reaction of 3B with excess KC(8) in THF afforded the germylidenide anion [L(2)GeK] (4B). The molecular structures of compounds 4A and 4B as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis show that the K atoms are η(1)-coordinated with the low-valent Ge atoms. Moreover, the negative charges at the Ge atoms in compounds 4A and 4B are stabilized by electron delocalization in the germanium heterocycles.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Word Formation Approach to Noun Phrase Analysis for Thai

Noun phrase analysis is one of the most important components in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as information retrieval, extraction and categorization. For Thai, noun phrase analysis has unique problems, i.e., noun phrase boundary identification, noun phrase decomposition and its relation extraction, and core noun detection. Statistical and rule based Word formation is, then, proposed as a means of efficiently noun phrase analysis by reducing the possible variants of boundary identification both in local and global level. The comparison of NP analysis with and without word formation is approximately 90 % and 78% respectively. 1.

Topic: Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Topological Effect on Spin Transport in a Magnetic Quantum Wire: Green's Function Approach

We explore spin dependent transport through a magnetic quantum wire which is\nattached to two non-magnetic metallic electrodes. We adopt a simple\ntight-binding Hamiltonian to describe the model where the quantum wire is\nattached to two semi-infinite one-dimensional non-magnetic electrodes. Based on\nsingle particle Green's function formalism all the calculations are performed\nnumerically which describe two-terminal conductance and current-voltage\ncharacteristics through the wire. Quite interestingly we see that, beyond a\ncritical system size probability of spin flipping enhances significantly that\ncan be used to design a spin flip device. Our numerical study may be helpful in\nfabricating mesoscopic or nano-scale spin devices.\n

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
High versus low intensity exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation: is more better?

Background:Exercise training is considered a necessary component of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation. However, to date, there is no consensus on an exercise training strategy for pulmonary rehabilitation, and this has resulted in varied approaches to this intervention in its literature. As in healthy individuals, the effect of exercise training on patients with chronic lung disease is dose dependent, with higher intensities resulting in greater physiological adaptations than lower intensities. Results:It is not clear from our review of the literature that these enhanced physiological effects from higher levels of exercise training translate into a reduced burden of symptoms, hence a better quality of life. Indeed, there is some evidence that pulmonary rehabilitation approaches incorporating lower intensities of exercise training are at least as good in improving questionnaire rated symptoms of health status. This provides food for thought, since the prominent goal of pulmonary rehabilitation should be to reduce bothersome symptoms or enhance health status, not simply increase endurance time on a cycle ergometer.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
&lt;b&gt;GLP-1(&lt;i&gt;7—36&lt;/i&gt;AMIDE) SECRETION FROM ISOLATED PERFUSED CANINE INTESTINE IS COUPLED WITH Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/GLUCOSE &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;COTRANSPORTER &lt;/b&gt;

The secretion of GLP-1(7-36amide) is stimulated by carbohydrate intake.In the present study, we investigated the relationship between glucose absorption and GLP-1(7-36amide) secretion using the isolated perfused canine ileum.Both glucose absorption and GLP-1(7-36amide) secretion were increased by the intraluminal administration of glucose in the presence of intraluminal Na+.The increases in both glucose absorption and GLP-1(7-36amide) secretion were abolished by the intraluminal administration phlorizin, by the intraarterial administration of ouabain, or in the absence of intraluminal Na*.The mean concentration of glucose in the venous outflow was increased to 0.41 i 0.02 mmol/1 by the intraluminal administration of glucose alone, whereas the intraluminal administration of phlorizin or the intraarterial administration of ouabain reduced it to 0.10 i 0.04 mmol/l and 0.07 i 0.04 mmol/1, respectively, and the absence of intraluminal Na+ blocked it.The mean concentration of GLP-1(7-36amide) in the venous outflow was increased to 9.19 i 1.64 pmol/l by the intraluminal administration glucose.However, it was blocked completely by the intraluminal administration phlorizin or in the absence of intraluminal Na+, and it reduced to 1.53 i 0.62 pmol/l by the intraarterial administration of ouabain.These data suggest that the absorption of glucose stimulates the secretion of GLP-1(7-36amide) and that it is closely related to the sodium/glucose cotransporter.Preproglucagon contains glucagon and two glucagon-like sequences, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) (3).

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evidence for sialidase activity in K 562 cells: inhibition by adriamycin treatment.

Sialidase activity has been studied in the human erythroleukemia K 562 cell line grown in vitro. The total sialidase activity was determined using disialoganglioside GD1a and fetuin as exogenous substrates. The enzymatic activity was stimulated by 0.08% Triton X-100 and reached the highest level at pH 4.0. Results obtained showed that gangliosides are hydrolysed more extensively than glycoproteins by K 562 sialidases. This finding could suggest that endogenous gangliosides may be the main source of metabolically available sialic acid in K 562 cell line. After treatment of K 562 cells by Adriamycin (40 nM), a potent anticancer drug, sialidase activity decreased by 40% as compared to control cells. This decrease occurs early during the first day of incubation with Adriamycin. This inhibition of sialidase activity could explain previous results obtained in our laboratory which show an enhanced sialylation of the membrane glycoconjugates after Adriamycin treatment.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A finite element method for the eddy current problem in terms of the current density. Application to nondestructive testing

The aim of this work is to introduce and analyze a mixed finite element method of the eddy current problem in terms of the current density, when current intensities are prescribed as data. An axisymmetric form of this formulation is used to evaluate the response of a differential eddy current probe in nondestructive testing of tubes.

Topic: Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protective effects of EUK4010 on β‐amyloid(1–42) induced degeneration of neuronal cells

Abstract EUK4010 has been identified to exhibit an inhibitory effect on β‐amyloid (Aβ) 1−42 ‐induced loss of neuronal cell viability. Further studies demonstrated that EUK4010 attenuated the Aβ 1−42 ‐induced degeneration in both cultured rat hippocampal neurons and human neuroblastoma cells, as demonstrated by typical morphological changes, cell viability and the chip‐based flow cytometric assay. Gene expression analysis using DNA microarray showed that the senescence marker calcium‐binding protein, regucalcin (Rgn), GABA‐A receptor pi subunit (Gabrp), the huntingtin binding protein, optineurin (Optn) and a semaphorin family plexin A3 similar protein (Plex‐similar) changed their expression levels significantly in cultured neurons after Aβ 1−42 treatment. In this report, we have undertaken a chemical genetic approach to study the molecular basis of Aβ 1−42 effects on the neuronal degeneration. Our results demonstrate that EUK4010 completely blocked the Aβ 1−42 ‐induced up‐regulation of GABA‐A receptor pi subunit and the semaphorin family plexin A3 similar protein, and partially attenuated the down‐regulation of senescence marker calcium‐binding protein, regucalcin. These observations suggest that EUK4010 may prevent or reduce the Aβ toxicity by regulating the expression of genes involved in the Aβ induced neuronal degeneration. These genes may represent a promising target for the therapeutic drug development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. Furthermore, EUK4010 and its analogues could potentially be developed as neuronal protective agents for the treatment of these diseases.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis on Process and Forming Defects of Large-Scale Complex Integral Component Isothermal Local Loading

Isothermal local loading forming is an advanced technology for large-scale complex integral component forming, but the process is with coupling effects of multi-fields and multi-factors due to the local loading mode and high temperature condition, thus makes deformation mechanism extremely complicated and some forming defects may occur. Based on DEFORM3D software, relative FE models for the isothermal local loading forming of large-scale complex integral components of TA15 titanium alloy have been established, and key technologies for modeling have been dealt with properly. Then taking a representative large-scale complex integral component as object the froming process, the typical deformation behavior and metal flow were investigated. And typical forming defects which may occur during the process and causes for them are discussed.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimization and modeling of Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution onto phosphogypsum by application of response surface methodology

In this work, we have proposed a method of phosphogypsum (PG) recovery by attempting to use it as an adsorbent of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, while trying to study the different quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The PG was synthesized and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The effects of the initial concentration of lead (X1), pH of the solution (X2), and temperature (X3) on the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed were investigated. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The modeling of the adsorption tests by the experimental design method as well as the optimization of the parameters by the response surface methodology (RSM) is given in this article. The results obtained show that amount of Pb(II) adsorbed increases with Pb concentration and decreases as pH of the solution and temperature increase. It was found that the processes conforming to second-order kinetics and the optimal adsorption capacity of lead on PG are at a lead concentration of 109.64 mg/L, 5.25 of pH, and 70 °C for temperature. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous.

Topic: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Failure Prediction Using the Ring-on-Ring Test and the CARES/LIFE Integrated Design Program

Abstract The integrated design program CARES/LIFE calculates the fast-fracture and time-dependent reliability of monolithic ceramic components subjected to thermomechanical loading. A summary of the program capability is included in the paper. This program is an extension of the CARES (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) computer program. The results from finite element analysis are used to evaluate component reliability due to inherent surface and/or volume flaws. The two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function is used to characterize the variation in component strength. The fast-fracture strength of sintered alpha silicon carbide tested in three- and four-point bend was used to predict the failure strength distribution of ring-on-ring tests. The specimens were tested in the annealed conditions. CARES/LIFE predicted the biaxial failure accurately when the noncoplanar strain energy release rate criterion was applied. For time-dependent life prediction, dynamic fatigue ring-on-ring test data on soda-lime glass is used to demonstrate the fatigue parameter estimation capability of CARES/LIFE.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences