jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A class of cross-validatory model selection criteria

In this paper, we define a class of cross-validatory model selection criteria as an estimator of the predictive risk function based on a discrepancy between a candidate model and the true model. For a vector of unknown parameters, $n$ estimators are required for the definition of the class, where $n$ is the sample size. The $i$th estimator $(i=1,\dots,n)$ is obtained by minimizing a weighted discrepancy function in which the $i$th observation has a weight of $1-\lambda$ and others have weight of $1$. Cross-validatory model selection criteria in the class are specified by the individual $\lambda$. The sample discrepancy function and the ordinary cross-validation (CV) criterion are special cases of the class. One may choose $\lambda$ to minimize the biases. The optimal $\lambda$ makes the bias-corrected CV (CCV) criterion a second-order unbiased estimator for the risk function, while the ordinary CV criterion is a first-order unbiased estimator of the risk function.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Machine learning for ambulatory applications of neuropsychological testing

Psychiatric patients, such as those suffering from depression or schizophrenia, often need to be monitored with frequent clinical interviews by trained professionals to avoid costly emergency care and preventable events. However, there simply are not enough clinicians to monitor these patients on a regular basis. Furthermore, infrequent clinical evaluations may result in clinicians missing subtle changes in patient state that occur over time. These limitations can affect both the quality, timeliness, and monetary expense of treatment. Therefore, we leveraged smart devices to implement traditional neuropsychological assessments such that they could be collected frequently, remotely, and - when viable - self-administered by the participants themselves. This approach enables the generation of an enormous quantity of data across time and different assessments. Machine learning-based methods hold the potential to automatically analyze streams of behavioral and cognitive data, such as speech and movement, and convert them to actionable events. We examined the viability of the automation of a comprehensive assessment pipeline, from administration of neuropsychological tests, to transcription of spoken responses, to an analysis of data to predict clinical states. In the present research, we examined this pipeline in 353 participants (of whom 134 were patients with a range of diagnoses of psychosis spectrum disorders, substance abuse disorders, and affective disorders, and 219 were non-patient volunteers who were presumed to be healthy). We found that machine learning-based methods can be applied to this data in order to reliably and accurately assess the neuropsychological function of individuals. Among other applications, we were able to automatically score completion of a verbal recall task and predict emotional state via spoken language, thereby opening the potential for regular, frequent analyses of cognitive and mental states.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Portable Lift for Transferring Wheelchair Patients to Elevated Vehicle

7 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 7 INFORMATION SOURCES 8 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS AND ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS 8 Customer Requirements 8 Engineering Targets 9 PROBLEM ANALYSIS 11 Design Concepts 12 CONCEPT GENERATION 12 The Interview 12 Brainstorming 13 Bottle Jack with Scissor Lift Frame 13 Inflatable Air Jack with Scissor Lift Frame 13 CONCEPT SELECTION PROCESS 13 Lifting and Support Mechanisms 14 Air Jack with Scissor Support Structure: 14 Air Jack with Vertical Poles for Support Structure: 15 Bottle Jack Powered Scissor Lift: 15 Pulley Based Lift: 16 Wheelchair Securing Mechanisms 17 Clamps over Wheelchair Wheel 17 Depression in Wheelchair Platform 18 Hook and Cable 18 Chosen Lifting and Support Mechanism 20 Chosen Wheelchair Securing Mechanism 21 THE ALPHA DESIGN 21 Air Jack 22 Scissor Lift Mechanism 23 Wheelchair Securing Mechanisms 23 User Operation 23

Topic: Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Post-humanistic 'practices of community' for non-traditional laboratory work

Many traditional campuses face pressure on physical laboratory estate, making it difficult or impossible to simultaneously satisfy an enhanced level of active learning for an increasing number of students. Non-traditional practical work (NTPW) approaches such as virtual or remote labs can be delivered digitally, reducing estates pressure. There is emerging evidence that NTPW activities, especially when mixed with traditional laboratories, produce as-good or better educational outcomes than traditional laboratories alone. This hints at the idea that technology offers not just a replacement for existing practices, but the opportunity for enhancement, including directing and evaluating students through collaborations between teachers and non-human remote laboratory entities. Inspiration and insight can be drawn from critical post-humanism, which explores what happens when non-human actors exert influence in education. We look to understand the effect of widespread introduction of NTPW on students' practices during study and also in their subsequent professional practices. We use the field of Science and Technology Studies, to find a description of how students will come together in the socio-technological

Topic: Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EFFICACY OF ARTHROCENTESIS FOR TREATMENT OF INTERNAL POST-TRAUMATIC TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS

The aim: To study the consequences of temporomandibular joint injury and efficacy of arthrocentesis for treatment of post-traumatic internal temporoman¬dibular disorders. Materials and methods: 24 patients who experienced trauma history in the head without jaw fractures underwent CT, ultrasound and/or MRI. TMJ ar¬throcentesis was performed according to a modified method of D. Nitzan (1991) under local anesthesia by means of blockade of the peripheral branch of the auricular-temporal nerve on the background of intravenous sedation. Results: The ages of the patients varied between 18 and 44 years, and mean was 32,58 years. The causes of trauma were diverse, as traffic accident – 3 (12,5%), assault 12 (50%), hit by materials 3 (12, 5%), and fall-down 6 (25%). According to clinical and radiological signs after traumatic temporomandibular disorders, patients were divided into two groups according to Wilkes classification (1989): 13 patients with stage II (early-middle) and 11 - with stage III (middle).The control ultrasound and MRI carried out 3-6 months after arthrocentesis showed no signs of hemarthrosis in 84.61% of patients with intra-articular disorders of the second degree, and in 72.72% of patients with internal disorders of the third degree, the position and function of the articular disc was restored. Conclusions: Arthrocentesis with TMJ lavage is a minimally invasive surgical manipulation that has proven itself in temporomandibular disorders of traumatic origin, in particular after fractures of the articular process of the mandible.

Topic: Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dichlorobis(cyclopentadienyl) titanium -] isobutylmagnesium halide

[1271-19-8] C10H10Cl2Ti (MW 248.98) InChI = 1S/2C5H5.2ClH.Ti/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;;;/h2*1-5H;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = XKLWATAZDMHTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-L (catalyst for hydrometallations and reductions; pinacol coupling reagent; carbometallation reagent; deoxygenation reagent; addition to carbonyls; Lewis acid catalyst; alkenylation reagent) Alternate Name: titanocene dichloride Physical Data: mp 289 °C; d 1.600 g cm−3 Solubility: sol toluene, chloroform, alcohol, and other hydroxylic solvents; sparingly sol water, petroleum ether, benzene, ether, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride. Form Supplied in: red solid; commercially available. Preparative Methods: see Wilkinson and Birmingham8 and Clearfield et al.9 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: relatively air stable. Small amounts can be stored in a desiccator, but long-term storage is best maintained in a glove box. moisture sensitive; irritant; flammable. Isobutylmagnesium bromide10-16 [926-62-5] C4H9BrMg (MW 161.32) InChI = YUPZOKFCNKSJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChIKey = CMWBEISSZHZIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M (nucleophilic reagent for conjugate and 1,2-additions to carbonyl derivatives; reagent for coupling with alkyl and aryl halides; facilitates reduction and hydrometallation in the presence of transition metal reagents) Physical Data: mp 51–53 °C; bp 122–123 °C. For a 2 M solution in ether; ρ = 0.941 g mL−1 at 25 °C. Form Supplied in: a commercial solution in diethyl ether or THF. Preparative Methods: see Whitmore and Lux.17 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; flammable; irritant; corrosive. Isobutylmagnesium Chloride10-16 [5674-02-2] C4H9ClMg (MW 116.87) InChI = 1S/C4H9.ClH.Mg/c1-4(2)3;;/h4H,1H2,2-3H3;1H;/q;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = YUPZOKFCNKSJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (nucleophilic reagent for conjugate and 1,2-additions to carbonyl derivatives; reagent for coupling with alkyl and aryl halides; facilitates reduction and hydrometallation in the presence of transition metal reagents) Physical Data: for a 2.0 M in diethyl ether, ρ = 0.83 g mL−1 at 25 °C. For a 2.0 M in THF, ρ = 0.967 g mL−1 at 25 °C, bp = 65–67 °C. Preparative Methods: see Gilman and Kirby18 and Sato and Kobayashi.19 Form Supplied in: a commercial solution in diethyl ether or THF. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; flammable; irritant; corrosive.

Topic: Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Fast Algorithm for Recurrent Neural Networks

A new fast learning algorithm for recurrent neural networks is proposed. By introducing the signal flow graphs technique, it overcomes the disadvantage of complexity of the gradient of the error function. And for more fast convergence, the BFGS method is used. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges faster than the traditional algorithm.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Is there more than one inflammatory phenotype in asthma?

Circumstantial evidence suggests an important role for neutrophilic airways inflammation in addition to eosinophilic airways inflammation in non-severe asthma.

The existence of different clinical phenotypes of asthma is a concept that has excited considerable interest in academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical quarters. The source of this confusion goes back to the original Greek definition of asthma as a description for transient breathlessness. The ancients recognised that the symptoms of asthma could be triggered by cardiac or bronchial disease. The term “cardiac asthma” has been replaced by the physiological and pathological definitions of left ventricular failure and pulmonary oedema. Within bronchial asthma, definitions have continued to focus on physiological measurements and clinical context, including exercise induced asthma, nocturnal asthma, acute severe asthma, occupational asthma, etc. Implicit in these clinical phenotypes is the unspoken assumption that the clinical context dictates the pathophysiological mechanism. The demonstration that eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of many asthmatic airways led, during the 1990s, to the unhealthy and erroneous view that all asthma might be caused by eosinophils. Indeed, at one stage asthma was in danger of being defined for pharmaceutical purposes as eosinophilic airways inflammation. The few dissenting voices were drowned out by a series of studies showing the “anti-inflammatory” effects of anti-asthma drugs by virtue of a proxy effect on airways eosinophilic. Given the known dependence of eosinophils on T cells and cytokines such as interleukin 5 (IL-5), a further dogma arose that all asthma was orchestrated by T cells producing IL-5 and IL-4, the Th2 cytokines.

This issue of Thorax features a hypothesis paper by Douwes et al 1 that questions the assumption that Th2 driven allergic inflammation is the pathogenetic mechanism behind the majority of cases of asthma. Douwes and colleagues draw from several sources of evidence to argue that non-allergic, non-eosinophilic asthma …

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful Management of Online Game Development

本論文の目的は、工業製品とは異なる製品特性を持っているオンラインコンテンツ、その中でも特にオンラインゲームの成功した製品開発組戦の管理に対する探索的研究である。ここではJCEの「FreeStyle」というオンラインゲームを分析対象として取り上げ、成功した製品開発組職管理について分析し、仮説を導出した。本研究を通じて、成功した開発には、CEOの開発プロジェクト管理方式の重要な変化があったことと開発チーム内の強い統合力が存在していたことが発見された。CEOは直接的な管理ではなく、look&check方式を取り入れてプロジェクト進捗を管理する方法を取った。また失敗したゲーム開発チームを全面解散せずに、コア開発者はチーム内に残留させて、失敗ノウハウを開発チーム内で共有し再利用できるようにした。このような過程を通じて開発チームは、メンバー間の強い連帯感と内部統合力を維持することができた。この分析結果から本研究は、オンラインゲームのような創造的産業において経営者の間接的開発チーム管理方式、開発チーム内の強い統合力と開発成果は正の関係を持つという仮説を提示した。

Topic: Open Source Software Innovations
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neighborhood Geometric Center Scaling Embedding for SAR ATR

Feature extraction from high-dimensional synthetic aperture radar images is one of the key steps for SAR automatic target recognition. In this paper, we propose a new approach to SAR image feature extraction that is named neighborhood geometric center scaling embedding, which is based on manifold learning theory. In our framework, neighborhood geometric center scaling is introduced to construct neighborhood relationships. The samples are endowed with clear clustering directions in dimensionality reduction, and the classification is better conducted in the feature space than in the original space. Moreover, by introducing neighborhood geometric center scaling, the influence of neighbor parameters on recognition performance is reduced effectively. The experiment based on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition database shows that the proposed method has better recognition performance and higher stability than other methods.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of Weight of Male and Female Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Mating Behaviors

Abstract We evaluated the effect of weight, collection site, and age upon mating behaviors of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with multivariate analysis. Our laboratory study of D. virgifera revealed that female weight was positively associated with the likelihood of mating, although female weight was not associated with females' receptivity to aedeagus insertion. Furthermore, the relationship between male and female weight on mating was investigated at two field locations in Indiana, and evidence of nonrandom mating was found. The implications of these results for pest management are discussed, with particular focus upon using this information for the construction of robust viable resistance management systems in Bacillus thuringiensis corn, Zea mays L.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of adjustment policies on Sudan's economic growth: empirical investigation

The paper starts by acknowledging that there is a dearth of studies on the impact of the structural adjustment policies on the Sudanese economy despite the fact that the country is one of the first African countries to adopt them. It then proceeds by using econometric techniques starting by examining the stability of the long-run growth in Sudan for the period (1960–2000) followed by co-integration and an error correction model analysis. The study found that the economic growth rate in Sudan has changed significantly despite the introduction of the adjustment policies in 1980. Moreover, investment is the most significant variable affecting growth in the long run, and non-policy factors such as weather have a significant impact on the economic growth in the short run only.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Evolution of Thermal Reaction Norms in Seasonally Varying Environments

Thermal reaction norms of ectotherms exhibit a distinctive latitudinal pattern: the temperature at which performance is maximized coincides with the mean habitat temperature in tropical ectotherms but exceeds the mean temperature in temperate ectotherms. We hypothesize, on the basis of Jensen's inequality, that this pattern is driven by latitudinal variation in seasonal temperature fluctuations. We test this hypothesis with an eco-evolutionary model that integrates the quantitative genetics of reaction norm evolution with stage-structured population dynamics, which we parameterize with data from insects. We find that thermal optima of temperate and Mediterranean species evolve to exceed the mean habitat temperature if seasonal fluctuations are strong, while the thermal optimum of tropical species evolves to coincide with the mean habitat temperature if fluctuations are weak. Importantly, ecological dynamics can impose a constraint on reaction norm evolution. Tropical species cannot tolerate an increase in seasonal fluctuations at the high mean habitat temperature it experiences, while the temperate species cannot tolerate a reduction in seasonal fluctuations if the mean temperature is higher. In both cases, stochastic extinction during periods of low abundances precludes adaptation to a novel thermal environment. Our findings suggest a potential directionality in colonization success. Tropical ectotherms, because of their high thermal optima, can successfully colonize temperate habitats, while temperate ectotherms, because of their low optima, are less successful in colonizing tropical habitats.

Topic: Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Combination of interval set and soft set

Soft set theory and interval set theory are all mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainties. This paper is devoted to the discussion of soft interval set and its application. The notion of soft interval sets is introduced by combining soft set and interval set. Several operations on soft interval sets are presented in a manner parallel to that used in defining operations on soft sets and the lattice structures of soft interval sets are established. In addition, a soft interval set based decision making problem is analyzed.

Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationships among Dispositional Ability Conceptions, Intrinsic Motivation, Perceived Competence, Experience, and Performance

This study was designed to explore the relationships among individuals’ dispositional ability conceptions, intrinsic motivation, experience, perceived competence, persistence, and performance. Participants practiced a novel task, completed surveys before instruction and after practicing the task, and completed a skill test. The results indicated that participants with higher levels of entity ability conceptions were likely to exert less effort and be less intrinsically motivated during practice. Participants with more experience were likely to feel more competent before and after practice. Perceived competence, incremental ability conceptions, and performance were positive predictors of intrinsic motivation. The results suggest that providing students opportunities to experience a variety of activities and creating an environment in which students can feel competent, believe in the efficacy of effort, and experience success could foster intrinsic motivation to actively engage in activities.

Topic: Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Animal Models of Acute Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review Protocol

Abstract Background: Anemia is common in neurocritically ill patients. Considering the limited clinical evidence in this population, preclinical data may provide some understanding of the potential impact of anemia and of red blood cell transfusion in these patients. We aim to estimate the association between different transfusion strategies and neurobehavioral outcome in animal models. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of comparative studies of red blood cell transfusion strategies using animal models of traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection and data extraction. We will report our results in a descriptive synthesis focusing on characteristics of included studies, reported outcomes, risk of bias and construct validity. If appropriate, we will also perform a quantitative synthesis and pool results using random-effect models. Heterogeneity will be expressed with I 2 statistics. Subgroup analyses are planned according to animal model characteristics, co-interventions and risks of bias. Discussion: Our study is aligned with the efforts to better understand the level of evidence on the impact of red blood cell transfusion strategies from preclinical studies in animal models of acute brain injury and the potential translation of information from the preclinical to the clinical research field. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018086662

Topic: Blood transfusion and management
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic diversity and relationships of hair sheep breeds of the Americas: first results.

The origin of the American hair sheep is diverse with likely early introductions from the Canary Islands, followed by introductions from the African and European continents. Using 14 microsatellite loci, we studied 3 American hair sheep (St. Croix, Barbados Blackbelly, and Gulf Coast Native), 6 European wool sheep, 6 African hair sheep, and 2 Asian wool sheep populations. The genetic diversity for all populations was high (with the exception of the Barbados Blackbelly where n=10). Phylogenetic and principal component analyses as well as genetic distance values indicated that the American hair sheep were more closely related to the European Merino sheep than to the West African hair sheep. Today, the main genetic influence in the 3 American populations studied is therefore of European origin.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Surface Subsidence Monitoring in Mining Area Based on SBAS Method Fusing Distributed Scatterers

Abstract Coal mining in Peixian County, Jiangsu Province has a long history, and the surface subsidence of mining area is obvious. To better grasp the characteristics of long time-series surface subsidence in of mining area, this paper uses SBAS method fusing distributed scattererst to process 14 Sentinel-1A images ranging from October 2016 to April 2017, and obtains the deformation field caused by mining in Zhangshuanglou(ZSL) mine. The results show that SBAS method based on distributed object fusion can effectively monitor the surface subsidence. The maximum subsidence of Zhangshuanglou mining area reached - 209.3 mm in the period from October 2016 to April 2017, and there is a trend of gradual increase of surface subsidence. It needs to be early-warning through time series observation.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences