jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-ACTIN MUTANTS WITH ALTERED BINDING AFFINITES FOR ATP AND ADP

A number of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by the formation of cofilin-actin rods in neural cells. These rods can cause synaptic dysfunction and block transport within neurites. The overall goal of this project is to create an optogenetic switch that incorporates both cofilin (an actin-binding protein) and actin for the study of cofilin-actin rod formation in neural cells undergoing oxidative stress. During the course of the work, a protocol has been created to express the protein [beta]-actin. Protein overexpression and purification, circular dichroism, mass spectrometry, and electrophoresis have been utilized to isolate and characterize [beta]-actin. Site-directed mutagenesis has been conducted to create a series of mutants to explore which residues are key for nucleotide binding. A number of challenges related to protein expression and stability of this protein precluded completion of these studies. As a result, we turned to mutants of optogenetic actin to study nucleotide binding in cells. The results from these studies indicate that point mutants in our actin construct, in conjunction with an optogenetic cofilin, can provide insight into the nucleotide binding state of actin under different oxidant concentrations.

Topic: Biotin and Related Studies
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of silt deposits and fertilizers on the growth and development of spring wheat

The influence of silt deposits in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers was assessed by the growth functions and development of spring wheat of the "Madam" variety, the timing of its maturation and yield. The variants with the introduction of 30 t/ha of cattle manure, the use of 30 t/ha of silt, as well as a combined variant with the use of 10 t/ha of cattle manure with a dosage of silt deposits of 25 t/ha of silt and a background dose of mineral fertilizers were noted as the best in terms of the dynamics of the phases of development. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained on the variant with the use of 30 t/ha of cattle manure. The excess of the control variant was 138.2%. Keywords: SILT DEPOSITS, ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS, SPRING WHEAT, YIELD

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rectal Pouch Index: A Prognostic Indicator for Constipation after Surgery for High and Intermediate Anorectal Malformations

Measuring the rectal pouch index can help in identifying the group which is likely to develop constipation after PSARP. These patients can be put on bowel training early on, after the colostomy closure, instead of waiting.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ventilator waveforms and the physiology of pressure support ventilation.

Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a commonly used mode. It is patient-triggered, pressure-limited, and (normally) flow-cycled. Triggering difficulty occurring during PSV is usually due to intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. The airway pressure generated at the initiation of inhalation is determined by the pressure support setting and the pressure rise time (pressurization rate) settings on the ventilator. The rise-time setting is clinician-adjustable on many current-generation ventilators. Flow delivery during PSV is determined by the pressure support setting, the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles, and respiratory system mechanics. The delivered tidal volume is determined by the area under the flow-time curve. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony may occur during PSV if the flow at which the ventilator cycles to exhalation does not coincide with the termination of neural inspiration. The newer generation ventilators offer clinician-adjustable flow-termination during PSV. Ventilator waveforms may be useful to appropriately adjust the ventilator during PSV.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DYNAMICS OF UNSYMMETRIC SUSPENSION TRUCKS WITH SEMIACTIVE CONTROL

SUMMARYThis paper presents dynamic characteristics of unsymmetric suspension trucks with semi-active control to achieve compatibility between high speed stability and curving performance. According to the direction of vehicle motion, the primary longitudinal stiffness is switched so that the interwheelset structure is asymmetric fore-and-aft. Unsteady state curving behavior of the proposed unsymmetric trucks during curve entry is calculated using full car body models with non-linear wheel profiles. These calculation results are compared with experiments. In Japan, the Central Japan Railway Company made and tested trial bogies. Experimental measurements show the lateral forces acting on wheels in curve negotiation are dramatically reduced. Consequently, from botii meoretical predictions and experiments, it was verified that the proposed truck is a realistic way to solve the incompatibility between steering ability and high speed operation.

Topic: Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Time trends of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV infected children enrolled in care and treatment service in Dar es

Background: Few studies have described time-based trends of clinical and demographic characteristics of children enrolling in HIV and AIDS care and treatment services. We present findings of a study that explored time-based trends of baseline characteristics among children enrolling into 26 public HIV care facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Children enrolled between October 2004 and September 2011 was included in these analyses. The year of enrollment was used as the primary predictor of interest, and log linear and linear regressions model were used to analyze dichotomous and continuous variables respectively. P-values under 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Among the 6,579 children enrolled, the proportion with advanced disease at enrollment increased from 35% to 58%, mean age increasing from 5.0 to 6.2 years (p < 0.0001), proportion of children less than 2 years decreased from 35% to 29%. While the median hemoglobin concentration rose from 9.1 g/dl to 10.3 g/dl (P <0.0001), proportion with a history of past TB dropped from 25% to 12.8% (P< 0.0001). Over time, health centers and dispensaries enrolled more children as compared to hospitals (P < 0.0001). Temeke district, which has the lowest socioeconomic status among the three districts in Dar es Salaam, had a significant increase in enrollment from 22% to 25% (P = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that as time progressed, children were enrolled in care and treatment services at an older age sicker status as evidenced by increase in mean age and more advanced disease stage at first contact with providers. We recommend more efforts be focused on scaling up early HIV infant diagnosis and enrollment to HIV care and treatment.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Ethics of Espionage

The ethical dimension of issues associated with war and its gravitational orbit of concepts and ideas have become among the most pressing issues currently being discussed. As a philosopher with a keen interest in the ethics of war and of foreign policy in general, it seemed an obvious question to ask, namely what state officials and citizens are morally permitted to do and to authorize, when acquiring the information they need in order to conduct a just war, a just foreign policy. The British secret intelligence service used to have a video on their website explaining by way of a story how they collect intelligence abroad. The story involved someone who was a citizen of a middle Eastern country and who offered to provide information on Islamic state to resident MI6 agent. The algorithms that (it is alleged) intelligence agencies use to identify suspected terrorists, or which law enforcement agencies in general use to analyze the enormous quantities of data.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East

In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between Greek religion & culture and the Ancient Near East. This challenging book contributes greatly to this interest by studying the Near Eastern background of important Greek myths, such as those of the creation of the world and the first woman, the Flood, the Golden Fleece, the Titans and travelling seers, but also of the births of Attis and Asclepius as well as the origins of the terms ‘paradise’ and ‘magic’. It also shows that, in turn, Greek literature influenced Jewish stories of divine epiphanies and that the Greek scapegoat myths and rituals contributed to the central Christian notion of atonement.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An Inorganic Aggregate Based on a Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalate with Lanthanide and Potassium Cations: From 1D Chiral Ladder‐Like Chains to a 3D Open Framework

Abstract The reaction of sandwich‐type polyanion [Mn 4 Si 2 W 18 O 68 (H 2 O) 2 ] 12– , ceric sulfate, and potassium citrate in an acidic aqueous solution led to the isolation of a new compound K 4 Na 2 [{Ce(H 2 O) 7 } 2 Mn 4 Si 2 W 18 O 68 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 21.5H 2 O ( 1 ), which crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 with a = 12.040(2) Å, b = 26.094(5) Å, c = 30.043(6) Å, V = 9439(3) Å 3 , Z = 4, and flack parameter x = 0.63(1). X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 consists of novel chiral ladder‐like chains based on sandwich‐type polyanions and lanthanide cations, which are further connected into a three‐dimensional open framework by potassium cations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sandwiching, Polylanguaging, Translanguaging, and Codeswitching

The language-teaching profession, the profession that institutionalizes language teaching and learning, can be said to have had its beginning twenty-five centuries ago. The term most frequently used to describe the use of two languages in the language teaching classroom by both teachers and students in the literature on the use of a non-target language in instruction is codeswitching. Ideologies of language can best be thought of as unexamined ideas and beliefs that shape people’s thinking about language itself and about those who use language. Rumsey defines ideologies as “shared bodies of commonsense notions about the nature of language in the world.” The field that studies the learning/acquisition of additional languages is the field of second language acquisition. The end-state of the acquisition process was seen as the acquisition of the linguistic characteristics of the educated native speaker of the additional language. This native speaker, moreover, was constructed as a monolingual.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
GUIDELINES FOR PERMITTING OVERLOADS. PART 1. EFFECT OF OVERLOADED VEHICLES ON THE INDIANA HIGHWAY NETWORK. FINAL REPORT

A study has been conducted at Purdue University to develop a procedure for permitting overloaded trucks in Indiana. This study was funded by the Indiana Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. As a part of this study a three-dimensional, dynamic finite element program (3D-DFEM) was used to analyze flexible and rigid pavements and develop load equivalency factors. Truck loads moving at different speeds were included in the analysis and a number of material models were used to represent the actual pavement materials behavior under moving loads. The 3D-DFEM was verified for flexible and rigid pavement analysis.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A change in the asymmetry coefficient of Light-Scattering phase function in natural waters that contain organic particles

A semiempirical model is constructed for the relationship between the coefficient of asymmetry of Light Scattering phase function in water K and the scattering coefficient σ, which shows a mechanism of an increase in the asymmetry coefficient as the scattering coefficient grows as a result of an increase in the concentration of organic particles. The mechanism of this relationship lies in the presence in all natural waters of molecular scattering and scattering by mineral particles that create background scattering in water medium, which is overlaid by scattering by organic particles. This relationship has a regional character caused by the regional features of background scattering and the average size of organic particles in those regions. The model relationships K = f(σ) are plotted properly to the experimental ones in the various regions.

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
E-024 acute cerebral hemorrhage with arteriovenous malformation (avm): role of angiographic – ct (dyna cta)

<h3>Purpose</h3> In patients with hematoma associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), it is critical to evaluate the angio-architecture of the malformation and determine the relationship of a peri or intra-nidal aneurysm to the hematoma. Combined angiography/CT suite that uses flat-panel detector (FD) technology provides with higher-resolution angiography and CT-like images (Angiographic-CT). We retrospectively reviewed cases of cerebral hematoma due to ruptured AVM in whom Angiographic CT was done. <h3>Material and methods</h3> The imaging was acquired with selective intra-arterial injection of the vessel feeding the AVM. Post processing was performed in a workstation and images reviewed in all three planes. The imaging findings and the role of the technique in decision making were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients [median age: 43 years (12–75); male 6(60%)] were evaluated with the technique. DSA images revealed possible peri/intranidal aneurysm in eight patients. The AVM nidus measured ≤3 cms in seven (70%, <i>n = 1</i>0) and 4 cms in one patient. Angiographic CT examination revealed projection of aneurysm sac into the hematoma cavity thereby confirming the presence of a ruptured intra/perinidal aneurysm in seven patients. Suspected intranidal aneurysm on DSA was identified as a venous loop on AngioCT in one patient. In another case with feeding artery and venous aneurysm, it confirmed that the arterial aneurysm was the ruptured one by its relationship to the hematoma. In seven patients, the aneurysm and part of AVM were embolized in acute stage and was followed with radiosurgery or surgery for the residual AVM. Two patients were directly operated upon with excision of aneurysm, AVM and hematoma. One patient awaits treatment. AngioCT was useful to determine the relationship of the feeding arteries and draining veins with the AVM and to plan the surgical approach. In one patient with very small AVM, the Angiographic-CT images were used for neuronavigation during surgery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Angiographic-CT with intra-arterial injection is a useful adjunct to cerebral angiography in evaluating patients with cerebral hematoma due to ruptured AVMs. It is more accurate than DSA to localize and confirm intra/perinidal aneurysms, delineating relationship of hematoma and AVM and for image guidance during surgery. <h3>Disclosures</h3> V. Gupta: None. G. Goel: None. R. Parthasarathy: None. A. Gupta: None. K. Singh: None. V. Singhal: None. A. Jha: None.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhancement of interleukin-1 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages by methionine-enkephalin.

Methionine-enkephalin, an endogenous opioid, has been reported to have some effects on immune responses. By thymocyte proliferation method, we herein report that methionine-enkephalin over a wide range of concentrations (1 pmol-0.1 mumol/L) significantly increases both extracellular interleukin-1 release and intracellular interleukin-1 production from peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Naloxone, having no effect per se on interleukin-1 production, does not block the enhancing effect of the neuropeptide. Interleukin-1 production was also elevated following ip methionine-enkephalin into mice. The results suggest that methionine-enkephalin mediates the enhancement of interleukin-1 synthesis and release as well, and that the effect is not mediated through classical opioid receptors. The results also provide the further links between immune and nervous systems.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p &lt; 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC &gt; CMT &gt; EC &gt; pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.

Topic: Animal Diversity and Health Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determination Of Properties Of Minci Cheese (Turkish with English Abstract)

Minci is a cheese which is produced by using traditional methods in Karadeniz region. In this study, the quality characteristics of Minci cheese (21 samples) were investigated by doing microbiological, chemical and sensory analyzes. In these samples, 8.39 log cfu/g total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, 6.34 log cfu/g Lactococcus sp., 6.74 log cfu/g Lactobacillus sp 2.89 log cfu/g yeast and mold, 3.94 log cfu/g coliform bacteria, 3.83 log cfu/g E. coli, 2.65 log cfu/g Staphylococcus sp. were determined on average. According to the average chemical results, 31.31% dry matter, 7.22% fat, 1.68% ash, 1.24 % titratable acidity, and 0.98 water activity (aw) were determined. L, a, b values were measured with color analysis device. Sensory evaluation was made in terms of appearance, taste, odour and flavor. Microbiological criteria for the production of safe food were stated in the Microbiological Criteria Regulation of Turkish Food Codex and Turkish Standards on milk and dairy products. However, to meet these criteria, the elimination of contamination sources of Minci, which is manufactured by different production techniques and is offered sale without packaging and thus is open to the risk of contamination, is needed with especially using heat treatment and appropriate packing material.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantifying the Societal Impact of Delayed Access to Innovative Medicines: A Mathematical Framework for Health Policy Decision-Making

This study presents a novel statistical framework for evaluating the social and economic impact of delays in the reimbursement of innovative medicines. With the growing importance of timely access to advanced therapies, particularly in managing chronic diseases, we develop a model that quantifies social loss in terms of life years, productivity, productivity cost and overall well-being. The framework integrates several key factors, including years of life lost, years of potential productive life lost, deaths, delays in reimbursement, and cost of labor productivity losses. By providing a comprehensive assessment of the societal costs associated with delayed access, the model offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to balance healthcare innovation with sustainability. The results emphasize the need for efficient pharmaceutical policies that reduce delays in access to innovative treatments, promote equity in healthcare, and ensure long-term system viability. This approach has broad implications for improving health outcomes and economic productivity, particularly in publicly funded healthcare systems.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 906778: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reverse transcription priming methods affect normalisation choices for gene expression levels in oocytes and early embryos

Abstract Mammalian oocytes and embryos rely exclusively on maternal mRNAs to accomplish early developmental processes. Since oocytes and early embryos are transcriptionally silent after meiotic resumption, most of the synthesised maternal mRNA does not undergo immediate translation but is instead stored in the oocyte. Quantitative RT-PCR is commonly used to quantify mRNA levels, and correct quantification relies on reverse transcription and the choice of reference genes. Different methods for reverse transcription may affect gene expression determination in oocytes. In this study, we examined the suitability of either random or oligo(dT) primers for reverse transcription to be used for quantitative RT-PCR. We further looked for changes in poly(A) length of the maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation. Our data indicate that depending on the method of reverse transcription, the optimal combination of reference genes for normalisation differed. Surprisingly, we observed a shortening of the poly(A) tail lengths of maternal mRNA as oocytes progressed from germinal vesicle to metaphase II. Overall, our findings suggest dynamic maternal regulation of mRNA structure and gene expression during oocyte maturation and early embryo development.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences