jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Advancing therapeutic strategies for retinitis pigmentosa: development of a triple neuronal interface

Objective: The aim is to design a novel chip integrating microfluidics, organic electronic ion pumps and a microelectrode array (MEA) for localized electroporation, stimulation and recording. With this multifunctional MEA, three interfaces are established to study the pathological retina and to evaluate [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Recovery and histological changes of date palm somatic embryos after cryopreservation by dehydration

Cryopreservation of plant materials is the storage in liquid nitrogen (LN) in such a way, that viability is maintained and regeneration is obtained after rewarming. In this study, cryopreservation of date palm somatic embryos was examined through dehydration by air drying (20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes) or osmotic dehydration caused by sucrose (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M). After two months of cryostorage, survival, re-growth and recovery parameters were registered. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of somatic embryos cells was studied after cryostorage. Among three drying periods, the best results of survival were observed with 60 min exposure to air-flow cabinet. Also, the highest values of recovery parameters i.e., number of secondary embryos, embryos germination and numbers of proliferated shootlets were obtained using 60 min exposure period. Regarding osmotic dehydration, the maximum values of survival (50 %) and re-growth (45 %) were counted when somatic embryos were dehydrated by 1.0 M sucrose prior to cryopreservation. Also, the highest number of second embryos (5.90) was registered when somatic embryos were dehydrated with 1.0 M and 85 % of the embryos were able to germinate into healthy propagule. However, using 1.5 M sucrose for dehydration induced highest number of proliferated shootlets (5.50) after ten weeks of culturing on recovery medium. Histological screening revealed that cryopreservation by dehydration caused minimal cellular damage within the cells of date palm somatic embryos. Comparing to the non-cryopreserved cultures, some cell walls were broken and vacuole size and cytoplasm density were increased. The cells suffered some damage could divide and regenerate into normal tissues. Depending on our finding, we can conclude that dehydration especially osmotic dehydration (1.0 M sucrose) is an effective method can be used for cryopreservation of date palm tissue cultures.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FM ultrasonography: A revolution?

FM sonography—a signal-processing technique that uses frequency and phase information as well as amplitude data—shows promise in evaluation of patients with diffuse liver disease. In a prospective blinded review of 37 patients with biopsyproved liver disease and 42 healthy volunteers, FM sonography was clearly superior to traditional amplitude-based (AM) sonography in distinguishing healthy from diseased subjects. Statistically significant differences were seen in accuracy (FM, 98.7%; AM, 84.8%), sensitivity (FM, 97.3%; AM, 70.3%), and negative predictive value (FM, 97.7%; AM, 78.8%). Our data also suggest that current FM sonographic techniques cannot differentiate among histologic findings associated with different hepatic parenchymal abnormalitites. It is unclear, therefore, whether FM imaging can reduce the numbers of patients who require biopsy for diagnosis or the frequency of biopsy procedures in patients with known disease.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stress Behaviors at Rib-to-Floorbeam Weld and Cutout Details under Controlled Truck Loading

The rib-to-floorbeam (RF) connection is the most complicated joint in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), where four fatigue-prone details are created, i.e., the RF at the rib side (RF-R), RF at the floor beam side (RF-F), RF at the rib wall (RF-W), as well as the floor beam cutout detail. In order to clarify the behavior of those details under the passage of trucks, a controlled truck loading test and finite element analysis (FEA) are performed at various typical transverse loading locations on a newly built long-span cable-stayed bridge. The research finds that, in the bridge transverse direction, stresses at the four details presented significant local effects. Only when these details are underneath the deck plate covered by the wheel patch a notable stress can be produced at these details. In the bridge longitudinal direction, the wheel loading effect at the four details can be discerned only when the wheels load on the deck supported by their adjacent floor beams. The results find that, under wheel loading, the stress ranges at the RF-R, RF-F and Cutout details are compressive, while the stress at the RF-W detail is in tension. The riding-rib-wall loading is the most critical transverse loading location for the RF and Cutout details, and the RF-W is the most critical fatigue detail in the RF connection. The FEA indicates that, due to offset of wheel loads, floor beams may suffer from severe out-of-plane bending, while ribs may experience notable warping and distortion. Under the passage of the tandem axles, the individual axle cannot be identified, and only one stress cycle is produced at the four details.

Topic: Structural Load-Bearing Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CMOS receiver with equalizer and CDR for short-reach optical communications

This paper presents an optical receiver for short reach applications through low-cost plastic optical fiber. The limited bandwidth caused by the fiber and the external photodiode is compensated by a new adaptive equalizer based on the spectrum balancing technique. A clock and data recovery circuit is included that minimizes jitter and metastability using a new multi-level bang-bang architecture. The prototype, implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process, achieves 1.25 Gb/s with a power under 110 mW at only 1 V.

Topic: Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

P. hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 was relocated in the Taita Hills of Kenya. To present only the single female holotype was known. Male and female specimens of this species were found along forest edge in herbaceous vegetation in the Ngangao forest reserve. Closest relative of P. hildebrandtiana Karsch is P. uguenoensis Hemp restricted to the North and South Pare mountains. P. hildebrandtiana is re-described and the male newly described in this paper. Ecological information is provided and co-occurring Saltatoria species listed. Faunistic similarities in flightless Saltatoria between the Taita Hills and the South Pare mountains are discussed.

Topic: Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes osteoporosis by inhibiting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell by sponging miR-29b-3p that suppresses nicotinamide N-methyltransferase

Bone formation is important in the development of osteoporosis (OP). X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a lncRNA, is involved in this process; however, mode of its action is not known. We compared the serum levels of XIST and miR-29b-3p among the patients with and without OP. In rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), during osteogenic differentiation, XIST expression was detected first, followed by overexpression or suppression of miR-29b-3p and NNMT. Expression of osteogenic genes, ALP (electrochemical alkaline phosphatase) and RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) were detected by RT-qPCR and western blots, and the calcium nodules in BMSCs were detected by staining. The relationships of XIST, miR-29b-3p, and NNMT were characterized by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Serum XIST was significantly upregulated in patients of OP. XIST downregulated the ALP and Runx2 levels and inhibited calcium nodules, whereas low expression of XIST reversed these events. MiR-29b-3p was inhibited by XIST sponge and lowered the levels of ALP, Runx2, and calcium nodules. NNMT was negatively regulated by miR-29b-3p, promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In conclusion, XIST is highly expressed in OP, and regulates NNMT by sponging miR-29b-3p to suppress the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antidiabetic Potential of Ficus glomerata Roots with a Special Emphasis on Estimation of Bioactive Compounds by a Novel Validated HPTLC Technique

Abstract: Background: The data presented in this article for Ficus glomerata Linn. belonging to family Moraceace which is commonly found all over India. This study aimed towards the development and validation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of lupeol and quercetin from Ficus glomerata and correlate with its antidiabetic potential. Methods: The various fractions of ethanolic extract of Ficus glomerata root were prepared. The HPTLC analysis of quercetin and lupeol which are the important phytoconstituents responsible for various pharmacological actions was carried out at 525 nm. ICH guidelines were followed to validate this method for accuracy, precision and repeatability. Results: The linearity range of quercetin and lupeol were obtained as 400-2400 ng/spot and 1000- 5000 ng/spot respectively. Percent drug content was highest in diethyl ether fraction (quercetin 2531.8 ng and lupeol 1400 ng). The limit of detection value (LOD) obtained for quercetin and lupeol was 3.0793 and 3.1645 ng and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 9.3314 and 9.5895 ng respectively. This method developed was accurate, precise and simple has shown higher resolution from other phytoconstituents present in the fractions. The method can be very effectively applied for analyzing the quality of herbal material and formulations containing Ficus glomerata. Antidiabetic activity of various fractions of ethanolic extract of Ficus glomerata roots was studied on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with fractions was continued for 11 days. The effect of the fractions on glucose was analyzed. Diabetic rats treated with diethyl ether fraction exhibited a significant (p<0.05) decrease in glucose levels, indicating the potential use of Ficus glomerata in diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: As per the ICH guidelines, the HPTLC method used for simultaneous estimation of lupeol and quercetin was accurate, precise and specific. The method used for phytochemical standardization of various fractions of ethanolic extract of the roots of Ficus glomerata and correlated with its antidiabetic activity. Key words: Ficus glomerata, HPTLC, Lupeol, Quercetin, Alloxan, Antidiabetic activity

Topic: Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Proteome Discoverer Mass Spectrometry analysis of SH-SY5Y Acetylcholinesterase cleavage peptide (T30) vs control (H2O)

Proteomic analysis of cells exposed to (100nM) T30 (an Acetylcholinesterase derived peptide) for 3-days compared to control (H2O).

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Indication Analysis Study through Literature Review of Clinical Trials on Visceral Chuna Manipulation

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend and indication of clinical research about Visceral Chuna Manipulation and to suggest the direction of further study. Methods We searched 9 electronic databases (MEDLINE Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CiNii, CNKI, KMbase, OASIS, NDSL, KISS) using the search terms visceral manipulation , visceral manual therapy and identified relevant literature that investigated visceral manipulation as a intervention for various subjects. Results Among 142 studies were searched and screened, 16 met designated criteria. Visceral Chuna Manipulation showed the effectiveness in musculoskeletal disease, digestive disease, psychiatry, obstetrics, circulatory and oncology. Conclusions This study shows possibility of Visceral Chuna Manipulation as a treatment for many diseases. Better designed further study is necessary to establish the evidence of clinical efficacy of visceral manipulation and to suggest standard of techniques and treatment protocols for diverse patients.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prevalence Of Asthma And Allergic Disorders Among Children In Duzce, Turkey: ISAAC Phase One

Background: Allergic conditions, especially asthma, seem to be increasingly common worldwide. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was designed to allow comparisons between populations in different country. According to the series of ISAAC written questionnaires, it has been reported that there has been an increase in the prevalence of asthma and other atopic disorders in the world. As developing countries adopt an industrialized style of living, an increase in asthma prevalence can be expected. The development of asthma is determined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This cross-section study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of asthma, asthma-related symptoms and allergic disorders in childhood in the city of Duzce-Turkey. Methods: In total, 2330 ISAAC standardized questionnaires were completed by doctors questioning the mothers of children suffering from asthma or asthma-related symptoms. All children aged 6-16 years were included in this study. Results: At the end of the study, the prevalence of childhood asthma diagnosed by physicians in Duzce was 6.4%, allergic rhinitis was 3.35% and eczema was 2.8%; these percentages were compared with other cities in Turkey and other countries. In the asthma group, prevalence rates of asthma were significantly higher in boys than in girls. The prevalence of asthma-related symptoms and, in addition, living conditions affecting prevalence of asthma was evaluated in this survey. Conclusions: This survey shows that the variability in prevalence of childhood asthma between different countries is also seen in the different cities of Turkey. Turkey has different geographic regions, and thus the variability in prevalence is likely due to environmental factors.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper is concerned with the application of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology to long-duration and large-scale environmental monitoring. The holy grail is a system that can be deployed and operated by domain specialists not engineers, but this remains some distance into the future. We present our views as to why this field has progressed less quickly than many envisaged it would over a decade ago. We use real examples taken from our own work in this field to illustrate the technological difficulties and challenges that are entailed in meeting end-user requirements for information gathering systems. Reliability and productivity are key concerns and influence the design choices for system hardware and software. We conclude with a discussion of long-term challenges for WSN technology in environmental monitoring and outline our vision of the future.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in nonlinear characteristics of heart rate variability under functional load on the cardiovascular system in healthy subjects and coronary heart disease patients

Some nonlinear characteristics of heart rate variability in the course of functional tests with physical exercise are described. Two groups of volunteers participated in the tests: a control group of 32 healthy subjects (group 1) and a group of 35 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients (group 2). Two series of experiments were performed for each group. An active orthostatic test (AOT) was used in the first series, and a gradually growing physical load on a bicycle ergometer (bicycle ergometer test, BET), in the second series. Along with statistical indices of heart rate (the mean RR interval and standard deviation), nonlinear indices of heart rate were estimated: the correlation dimensionality (D 2) and approximate entropy (ApEn). Trends of the changes in nonlinear indices of heart rate have been found. The D 2 and ApEn decreased in both groups of subjects during the AOT and BET under the maximum load. However, the groups of healthy subjects and CHD patients differed in the reactivity of indices, the amplitude of changes in nonlinear indices being narrower in the latter group than in group 1. Differently directed shifts in standard deviation (SDNN) and nonlinear indices have been found. Thus, the data obtained with the use of nonlinear heart rate characteristics show that heart rate under physical load is more multivariate and diverse in healthy subjects at rest and the amplitude of changes during the AOT and BET is greater than in CHD patients, which is a result of the specific autonomic control of heart activity in cardiovascular pathologies.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sialic acid utilization by bacterial pathogens

Sialic acid occupies the terminal position within glycan molecules on the surfaces of many vertebrate cells, where it functions in diverse cellular processes such as intercellular adhesion and cell signalling. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved to use this molecule beneficially in at least two different ways: they can coat themselves in sialic acid, providing resistance to components of the host's innate immune response, or they can use it as a nutrient. Sialic acid itself is either synthesized de novo by these bacteria or scavenged directly from the host. In this mini-review we will summarize recent findings relating to sialic acid transport, modification of sialic acid by O-acetylation, and the mechanisms of sialic acid-mediated complement resistance.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Empty and Foam-Filled Aluminium Conical Tubes under Oblique Impact Loading

This paper presents the crushing behaviour of empty and foam-filled conical aluminium alloy (AA6061-T6) tubes under oblique impact loading using a validated nonlinear finite element (FE) code, LS-DYNA. The study aims to assess the beneficial of foam filling on the energy absorption in terms of mass reduction, for variations in filler density and geometrical parameters of AA6061-T6 tubes. The results obtained successfully identified the critical tube mass and critical foam density. It is evident that foam filling successfully induced high Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) value of foam-filled tubes thus proving that the assessment of critical total tube mass and critical foam density point is vital in identifying proper combination of tube-filler to the effectiveness of foam-filled tubes. The combination of AA6061-T6 tube and aluminium foam demonstrates pronounced SEA increase as high as 72.3% compared to the empty tube.

Topic: Cellular and Composite Structures
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Network Latency on Interactive Musical Performance

We investigate the effects of different levels of delay (or latency) on the coordination, pace and timing regularity of musicians who are in remote locationsâ&amp;#x80;&amp;#x94;a situation encountered in an interactive network performance. Two pairs of musicians performed two Mozart duets while isolated visually and connected through microphones and headphones. Different levels of latency (0, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, and 200 ms) were introduced into the performing environment (musicians heard themselves in real time and only the other part delayed); the musicians performed the duets under these conditions and rated their musicality and level of interactivity. Although the musicians chose different strategies to handle the latency, which resulted in different levels of success in maintaining coordination, pacing and regularity, both duets were strongly affected by latency at and above 100 ms. At these levels, the musicians rated the performances as neither musical nor interactive, and they reported that they played as individuals and listened less and less to one another.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Berpotensi Bioherbisida untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides)

Several plants founded in the field, for examples Swietenia macrophylla, Imperata cilindrica, carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia have chemical compounds that can be used as bioherbicide. The purpose of this research are to know content of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds in that plants and effect of interaction between type of leaf extract and bioherbicide solution formula i.e 10%, 20% and 30% againts effectivity of Ageratum conyzoides weeds control. Results of the research showed that leaf extract of S. macrophylla, I. cilindrica, C. papaya and M. citrifolia contain of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds with bioherbicide potential, with highest contain in S. macrophylla and lowest in I. cilindrica leaf extract. Interaction of type of leaf extract and solution formula gived very significant effect againts percentage of weed mortality and weed poisoning intensity of A. conyzoides weeds. Leaf extract of S. macrophylla, C. papaya and M. citrifoilia with 10-30% solution formula, were effective to control A. conyzoides weeds, with average of start time of weeds death was 3 days after bioherbicide application.&#x0D; Keywords : Bioherbicide, leaf extract, percentage of weed mortality, weed poisoning intensity&#x0D;

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CALCULATION OF MINIMUM CRITICAL REYNOLDS NUMBER FOR LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION IN PIPE FLOWS

Abstract. This article describes the calculation of the minimum critical Reynolds number for laminar-turbulent transition in pipe flows. From the conclusions of our previous experimental study, it is clear that a transition occurs near the pipe inlet and the critical Reynolds number takes the minimum value of about 2000 in the case of a straight pipe. Moreover, in our previous calculations of laminar entrance pipe flow, it was found that near the pipe inlet a large pressure gradient in the radial direction exists, which decreases as the Reynolds number Re increases. Thus, we have built a new transition macromodel to determine using the effect of the radial pressure gradient.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences