jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Osteoporosis/Osteopenia in Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various treatment options for osteopenia and osteoporosis secondary to cancer treatment in pediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy. Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed (1949–November 2008) and international Pharmaceutical Abstracts (to November 2008) was conducted using the following search terms: osteoporosis, osteopenia, pediatrics, cancer, neoplasms, chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D, calcitonin, and physical therapy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All prospective studies that evaluated various osteoporosis treatment options in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. Results from studies evaluating bisphosphonates and other treatments in children with osteoporosis due to other causes were also included if important safety and efficacy data were provided. Most commonly reported primary efficacy endpoints included comparisons of bone density parameters measured before and after treatment. Data Synthesis: Four clinical studies and 2 case reports describing treatment with bisphosphonates, specifically alendronate and Pamidronate, for osteoporosis or osteopenia in pediatric cancer patients were identified. Results from the trials showed that these medications were efficacious in reducing bone mineral density loss during cancer therapy and were well tolerated in this special population. Primary efficacy endpoints included improvements in Z-scores measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The most commonly reported adverse effects included hypocalcemia, mild stomach upset, and infusion-related hyperpyrexia. Four additional clinical trials involving the treatment of osteoporosis or osteopenia in children and adolescents who developed bone degeneration after chronic steroid therapy are also included. In these trials, treatment options such as calcitonin, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation were also shown to be beneficial. Conclusions: The clinical trials published to date are limited to only a few conducted in small populations of patients diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia or non–Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, alendronate and Pamidronate both appeared to be effective options in improving bone mineral density scores with minimal adverse effects.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electronic and optical properties of crystalline nitrogen versus black phosphorus: A comparative first-principles study

Crystalline black nitrogen (BN) is an allotrope of nitrogen with the black phosphorus (BP) structure recently synthesized at high pressure by two independent research groups [Ji et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaba9206 (2020); Laniel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 216001 (2020)]. Here, we present a systematic study of the electronic and optical properties of BN focusing on its comparison with BP. To this end, we use the state-of-the-art quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ approach with vertex corrections in both the electronic and optical channels. Despite many similarities, the properties of BN are found to be considerably different. Unlike BP, BN exhibits a larger optical gap (2.5 vs 0.26 eV), making BN transparent in the visible spectral region with a highly anisotropic optical response. This difference can be primarily attributed to a considerably reduced dielectric screening in BN, leading to enhancement of the effective Coulomb interaction. Despite relatively strong Coulomb interaction, exciton formation is largely suppressed in both materials. Our analysis of the elastic properties shows exceptionally high stiffness of BN, comparable to that of diamond.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Consumer acceptance of m-wellbeing services: a social marketing perspective

Purpose – This study aims to employ the Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour (MGB) to examine the consumer acceptance of technology-based self-service (TBSS) for a credence service instrumental to a social goal. Credence services are increasingly delivered via self-service technology and in social marketing, the achievement of social goals can be contingent on consumer acceptance of these services. However, little is known about the determinants of acceptance and extant marketing literature fails to account for emotional and goal influences which are likely to be important. Design/methodology/approach – The authors interviewed 30 young adults with self-reported stress, anxiety or depression as potential users of a self-help mental health service delivered via mobile phone. The data were analysed deductively and inductively with the assistance of NVivo. Findings – The findings generally support using the MGB to enhance understanding of consumers' acceptance of TBSS. The paper also found evidence of the importance of maintenance self-efficacy, the self-evaluation of the ability to continue using the service, and a previously ignored element of consumer level competition that arises between alternatives that achieve the same goal. Originality/value – This study is the first to examine factors that influence consumers' acceptance of TBSS for credence services aimed at achieving a social goal. It builds on understanding of consumer decision making in social marketing, particularly the influence of self-efficacy and competition. It also contributes to attitudinal research by providing initial evidence for deepening and broadening the MGB in the context of TBSSs.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Determining the Geographic Origins of Migrants Using Surnames: French Cities of the Early Twentieth Century

A Bayesian method is suggested for estimating the probability of the geographical origins of immigrants in a given area, using surname frequencies and changes over time. This method is applied to the case of immigrants leaving rural or small districts to settle large urban areas at the time of World War I. The diversity of the origins of these new urban dwellers is linked to the specific geographical and historical features of the cities receiving immigrants.

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Case of Small Intestinal Ileus Due to Wandering Spleen with a Large Cyst

BACKGROUND Splenic cysts are rare. Most are due to previous trauma, infection, or infarction. They are generally handled by laparoscopic surgical removal if they are larger than 5 cm. However, very large cysts may require splenectomy. Another factor in the choice of therapy is the patient's underlying condition. We present the case of a giant splenic cyst in a woman 1 year after a renal transplant. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain and nausea. One year before, she had received an ABO-identical living donor renal transplantation from her father, and was maintained on oral tacrolimus and prednisolone. A CT scan with contrast showed enteric ileus and an abnormal position of the spleen, which was involved by a cyst measuring 12×12.5×9 cm. A nasogastric tube, and later a small bowel tube, were inserted to decompress the ileus. The patient underwent laparotomy 11 days after admission. We confirmed an internal hernia with volvulus due to migration of the spleen; however, there was no evidence of necrosis. The patient was treated with splenectomy and reduction of the hernia. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS This was a very unusual emergency following renal transplantation. Splenectomy has been performed in the past for immunosuppression in cases of donor ABO-incompatibility. We therefore considered that it would be more expedient to remove the spleen than to remove the cyst and perform splenopexy.

Topic: Abdominal Trauma and Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful desensitization to fluconazole induced delayed hypersensitivity: A case report

Fluconazole is a triazole-based first-generation antifungal agent and has excellent effects on candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Hypersensitivity has been reported as a side effect of fluconazole. A 76-year-old female patient used fluconazole for consolidation therapy for cryptococcal meningitis, but showed delayed hypersensitivity with skin rashes and itching sensation of the whole body. For desensitization, was attempted by administering 12-step, 1:1 fluconazole solutions were administered intravenously at sequentially increasing infusion rates. After successful quick desensitization to fluconazole, fluconazole was continuously used as a consolidation therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. We herein report a case of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to fluconazole in consolidation therpy with cryptococcal meningitis who successfully completed desensitization. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:68-71)

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influences of Forest Decline on Various Properties of Soils at Mt. Hirugatake, Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto District, Japan

Abstract At Mt. Hirugatake in the Tanzawa Mountains, Kanto district, Japan, the deciduous broadleaved forests have rapidly declined. In our previous studies, we reported that the amount of soil organic matter had significantly decreased at the early and final stages of forest decline, and that the soil microbial biomass also showed a large decrease at these stages, suggesting that the composition of soil organic matter might have also changed with forest decline. To clarify the influences of forest decline on the composition of soil organic matter, the amount of humic substances, optical properties of humic acid, and the amount of soil carbohydrates in surface soils at different stages of forest decline were investigated. The amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid decreased to a lesser extent at the early and middle stages of forest decline, and showed a significant decrease at the final stage. As the amount of humin significantly decreased at the early stage, it was plausible that the distinct decrease in the total carbon content of the soil surface horizons at the early stage of forest decline was induced by the decrease in the amount of humin, and at the final stage, by the decrease in the amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid. The amount of soil carbohydrates did not change appreciably with forest decline although the soil organic matter content markedly decreased. It was suggested that most of the carbohydrates in the soil surface horizons were in a stabilized form consisting of complexes with humic substances, metals, and minerals, and would not be affected by the environmental changes associated with forest decline. Key words: carbohydrateforest declinehumic substancessurface soilTanzawa Mountains

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MEGALOMICIN, A NEW MICROMONOSPORA-PRODXJCED MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC COMPLEX

In vitro studies with megalomicin A base demonstrated enhanced activity with increased pH, decreased activity with increasing serum content in the medium and serum binding in the range of 20-30%. There is an inoculum effect with megalomicin A. In vivo studies in mice demonstrate that megalomicins A, B, C1, and C2 as well as the complex are active in conventional protection tests and have low acute LD50's. Absorption of megalomicin A and C1 in mice like erythromycin is better after parenteral than oral administration. In rats, and dogs, megalomicin A gives higher serum levels than erythromycin after oral dosing. Megalomicin A base is not emetic in dogs. Both megalomicins A and C1 give more prolonged serum levels in dogs than does erythromycin. Megalomicin A is absorbed along the entire intestinal tract in dogs and gives a depot effect after intramuscular dosing.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dead or alive: finding zombie features in the linux kernel

Variability management in operating systems is an errorprone and tedious task. This is especially true for the Linux operating system, which provides a specialized tool called Kconfig for users to customize kernels from an impressive amount of selectable features. However, the lack of a dedicated tool for kernel developers leads to inconsistencies between the implementation and the variant model described by Kconfig. This results in real bugs like features that cannot be either enabled or disabled at all; the so called zombie features. For both in the implementation and the variant model, these inconsistencies can be categorized in referential and semantic problems. We therefore propose a tool approach to check the variability described by conditional compilation in the implementation with the variant model for both kinds of consistency. Our analysis of the variation points show that our approach is feasible for the amount of variability found in the Linux kernel. 1.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Newer Arytenoid Adduction Technique for One-Vocal-Fold Paralysis

Among various surgical techniques of arytenoid adduction, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) pull operation has been newly developed as a further improved treatment of choice for one-vocal-fold paralysis. This operation has been conducted under a local anesthetic condition through a 10mm×8 mm thyroplasty window created just anterior to the oblique line and 7 mm to 8 mm cranial to the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage. In the window, several pices of 4-0 Ti-cron stiches are passed and tied securely at different points of the atrophic LCA bundle. Those threads then are fixed anteriorly and inferiorly to the thyroid cartilage. Direction as well as strength of the threads on the thyroid cartilage are all decided with reference to intra-operative voice improvement of individual patients. A total of 38 patients with one-vocal-fold paralysis underwent LCA pull operation over the periods of 1987 through 1994. In 32 of the cases (84.2%), vocal-fold fixation occurred at the intermediate position preoperatively. In the other 5 cases (13.2%), it occurred at the paramedian position preoperatively. The remaining one case showed median fixation of a vocal fold yet to present weaker and diplophonic voice preoperatively. All the patients had complained not only of marked breathy voice, aphonia, weaker voice or diplophonia but also of intermittent aspiration preoperatively. LCA pull operation outcome:1. Successful medialization of the vocal fold resulted in 90.6%.2. Normal thickness of the vocal fold resulted in 92.3%.3. Straight status of the vocal fold from the preoperatively bowed status resulted in 86.7%.4. Successful adjustment of vocal-fold level difference resulted in 75%.5. Extension of maximum phonation time exceeding 5 seconds up to 30 seconds resulted in 68.4%.6. Clearer, volumef ul non-breathy voice resulted in 75.8%.7. Successful elimination of diplophonia resulted in 93.5%.8. Louder voice instead of weaker voice resulted in 78.9%.9. Resolution of aspiration problem resulted in 88.5%.10. None of the cases showed postoperative air-way problems.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors That Influence School Board Policy Making

Purpose: This article examines factors that affect school board policy making about student diversity within two southern urban-suburban school districts experiencing changing demographics: Jefferson County Public Schools and the Wake County Public School System. Both districts have a history of voluntary integration efforts, and research shows that racially diverse countywide districts can make integration more feasible. However, as courts constrain mechanisms used in policies to establish/maintain racial integration, it is crucial to examine how school boards make policy decisions while navigating the politics of their communities and competing conceptions surrounding racial diversity. Research Method/Approach: This study employed qualitative case study methods to understand under what circumstances school boards are creating policy, paying particular attention to the local sociopolitical and geographic contexts. Data collected consisted of 37 interviews with school district officials and community stakeholders. Mainstream and specialty media articles, legal documents, and policy documents from the districts or other governmental bodies also helped frame the local contexts. Findings and Lessons Learned: The two districts in our study illustrate political and legal factors that create complex environments to pursue school-level diversity even in districts with a long history of diversity policies. Our study also illustrates the difficult role of the superintendent and school boards in leading diverse communities with different histories and experiences as they navigate the local politics of diversity amid a variety of competing policy goals. We conclude with implications including the importance of remaining vigilant about student diversity efforts and perfecting technical details to minimize politicization about diversity policies.

Topic: Legal Issues in Education
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental Study on Anti-Fouling Performance in a Heat Exchanger with Low Voltage Electrolysis Treatment

An innovative physical method to control fouling in heat transfer equipment—low voltage electrolysis anti-fouling (LVEAF) technology—is introduced. The objective of the present study is to testify the effect of LVEAF treatment in forced convective system and identify the operating mechanism. A series of fouling tests were carried out with and without LVEAF treatment. During the experiments fouling resistance was monitored, and the properties of test liquid were measured, including hardness, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, and pH. The main results were as follows: (1) The fouling was effectively restrained to form on the heat exchanger surface if the circulating water was treated with LVEAF. The scale inhibition ratios exceeded 90% in most cases. (2) The LVEAF technology is an active anti-fouling technology with lower energy consumption. The properties of treated test liquid were changed. (3) Electrochemical reactions occur near the electrode due to the low current existence in the water when the LVEAF device is working. A lot of fouling deposits formed in the test liquid near the cathode or on the inner surface of the treatment unit, but did not deposit on the heat exchanger surface.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effects on Shoulder Stabilizer Activation of Finger Flexor Activation during the Push-up Plus Exercise

[Purpose] We investigated the effect of the finger flexor muscles activation on the stabilizer muscle of the shoulder joint during push-up exercise using a push up grip to increase the muscle activation of the finger flexor, had a distal part. [Subjects] The subjects were 18 healthy male adults in their 20s who normal ROM and no musculoskeletal disease of the shoulder complex and the upper limbs. [Methods] The subjects performed push-ups (vertical and transverse grips, and on flat ground) three times. The muscle activity was measured three times when performing the exercise using the push-up grip (vertical and transverse grips) and on flat ground, and the mean values were used for the analysis. To prevent the effect of muscle fatigue of the shoulder stabilizer muscles, the three different exercise positions were randomly performed. [Results] The muscle activations induced under the three different conditions were compared and the results showed that there were significant differences among the wrist flexor bundle, wrist extensor bundle, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, deltoid, serratus anterior muscles. [Conclusion] It is possible that finger flexor and extensor muscle activation elevated to increase stability in performing the exercise on the push-up grip as it is ales stable position than the push-up plus exercise on flat ground. We assume that the distal part muscle activation affected the muscle activation of the shoulder stabilizer, proximal part, muscles.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/e56413f9-7dc9-4ebc-9085-008cb38b4dc1 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/e56413f9-7dc9-4ebc-9085-008cb38b4dc1. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cavitation of Axially Symmetrical Bodies in Accelerating Motion

This paper presents some results of recent model experiments with cavitating underwater flows in which the size, shape, drag and inception of cavitation were investigated. The effects of simulated underwater exhaust flows were also studied in this investigation, sponsored by the author's company as part of its general ASW program.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modelling and control design for free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems

Proportional-integral-plus (PIP) control is employed to maintain gas concentration in a small-scale free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system. FACE systems are designed to produce controlled concentrations of elevated carbon dioxide, or other atmospheric gases, enabling plant growth experiments to be carried out for in situ vegetation without the use of chambers or other enclosures. Current FACE systems employ control algorithms based on classically derived two- or three-term control laws with manually tuned parameters. However, small FACE plots are more susceptible to turbulent eddies than larger scale systems, making control of concentration particularly difficult. The research described in the present paper employs data from planned FACE experiments to develop PIP control algorithms exploiting model-based predictive control action. Initial trials utilizing this approach yield good results for a small-scale FACE system operating in an uncut arable meadow.

Topic: Odor and Emission Control Technologies
Subfield: Process Chemistry and Technology
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences