jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study on BNCT-SPECT using a CdTe detector

There is no doubt that boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising cancer therapy in the near future. At present, one of the severest problems to solve is monitoring of the treatment effect during neutron irradiation. It is known to be difficult in real time. So far, activation foils, small detectors and so on were used to measure the thermal neutron fluence in a certain place of the tumor. The dose distribution is thus estimated from the measured result and prediction with a transport code. In the present study, 478 keV gamma-rays emitted from the excited state of {sup 7}Li produced by {sup 10}B(n,α){sup 7}Li reaction are directly measured to realize real time monitoring of the treatment effect of BNCT. In this paper, the result of the feasibility study carried out using a Monte Carlo transport code is summarized. We used CdTe detectors with a quite narrow collimator to obtain a BNCT image keeping good spatial resolution. The intensity of capture gamma-rays of 2223 keV produced by {sup 1}H(n,γ){sup 2}H reaction is very much higher than that of 478 keV. We thus adjusted the detector efficiency by selecting an appropriate thickness so as to optimize the efficiency ratio between 478 and 2223 keV. From the result of the detector response calculation, in case of 20 mm thick CdTe detector with the collimator of 2 mm in diameter, sufficient net count of ∼1000 for 478 keV in 30 min. was realized. It means an efficient and high-resolution BNCT-SPECT image could be obtained. (author)

Topic: Boron Compounds in Chemistry
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION LEVELS OF ATHLETES AND ESPORTS PLAYERS IN SPORT

Social integration is the process of maintaining the dependence and harmony in the mutual relations of different groups that make up the society in a certain order. One of the factors that ensure social integration is sport. On the other hand, it is an interesting issue whether esports, which has been frequently discussed in recent years, also affects social integration. Aim: From this point of view, the aim of this study was to examine the levels of social integration in sport between athletes and esports players. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 1000 participants, 500 sportsmen and 500 esports players. Data were collected face-to-face and through Google Forms. Demographic information questionnaire and Social Integration Scale in Sport were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25 package program. Frequency, percentage and descriptive statistics were used in the analyses. Since the data did not show normal distribution, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to compare the variables. The confidence interval in the analyses was determined as 95% (p&lt;0.05). Results: As a result of this research, a statistically significant difference was found between the levels of social integration in sport of athletes and esports players. On the other hand, statistically significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions of personal development, physical benefit, psychological change, moral development and emotional development. Conclusion: In the sub-dimensions of socialization and integration, no statistically significant difference was found between athletes and esports players. It was observed that the mean scores of the athletes were higher than the esports players in the total score and all sub-dimensions of the scale. It is thought that this result may be due to the physical presence of both athletes and sports fields.

Topic: Physical Education and Training Studies
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Sciatic nerve leachate of cattle causes neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Previous studies have shown that the sciatic nerve has neurotrophic activity, and nerve regeneration, differentiation, and axon outgrowth can be modulated by different sciatic nerve preparations. However, numerous animals may have to be sacrificed to obtain enough sciatic nerves to make a sciatic nerve preparation. Some studies have demonstrated that the role of sciatic nerve preparations in neural differentiation depends on the neurotrophins that Schwann cells secrete, and these factors are highly conserved among different species. To reduce the use of experimental animals, in this study, we made a leachate by using the sciatic nerve of cattle and explored its effect on neuronal differentiation of rat PC12 cells (a useful model for studying neuronal differentiation). Results showed the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells treated with the cattle sciatic nerve leachate for 3, 6, and 9 days was significantly improved, and the expressions of β3-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (two neuron-specific proteins) were increased. Moreover, the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was activated after PC12 cells were incubated with cattle sciatic nerve leachate for 9 days. Thus, a sciatic nerve leachate obtained from cattle can effectively induce neuronal differentiation of rat PC12 cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Cominimaxness of certain general local cohomology modules

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, Φ a system of ideals of R and I ∈ Φ.Let t ∈ N 0 be an integer and M an R-module such thatLet N be a finitely generated R-module.We also prove that Ext j R (N, H i Φ (M )) and Tor R j (N, H i Φ (M )) are Φ-cominimax for all i and j whenever M is minimax and H i Φ (M ) is FD ≤1 (or weakly Laskerian) for all i.

Topic: Commutative Algebra and Its Applications
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Winton U. Solberg. Reforming Medical Education: The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1880–1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009. 328 pp. Cloth $35.00.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of markers out of the steroid profile for the screening of testosterone misuse. Part I: Transdermal administration

Abstract Although the introduction by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) of the steroid module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) marked an important step forward in the screening of testosterone (T) misuse, it still remains one of the most difficult challenges in doping control analysis. The urinary determination of alternative markers has been recently reported as a promising tool for improving the screening of T oral administration. However, their evaluation for other, commonly used, administration routes is still required. The main goal of this study is the evaluation of the potential of 2 groups of metabolites (cysteinyl conjugated and glucuronoconjugated) after transdermal and intramuscular administration of T. Their suitability was evaluated in individuals with both low basal (L‐T/E) and medium basal (M‐T/E) values of T/E. In this Part I, we evaluated the urinary excretion profile of these 2 groups of T metabolites after the administration of 3 doses of T gel to 12 volunteers (6 L‐T/E and 6 M‐T/E) for 3 consecutive days. For this purpose, 9 different concentration ratios (5 cysteinyl conjugated and 4 glucuronoconjugated markers) were studied. Both, the intra‐individual variability and the detection windows (DW) obtained by each ratio were evaluated. Cysteinyl conjugates showed a general low intra‐individual variability and DWs that were shorter than any other tested marker. Despite the relatively large intra‐individual variability, the DWs reached by glucuronoconjugates (2–3 days) were similar to those obtained by markers currently included in the ABP. Overall; this evaluation advises for the introduction of additional glucuronoconjugated markers in the screening of transdermal T administration.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Role of Numerical Boundary Procedures in the Stability of Perfectly Matched Layers

In this paper, we address the temporal energy growth associated with numerical approximations of the perfectly matched layer (PML) for Maxwell's equations in first order form. In the literature, several studies have shown that a numerical method which is stable in the absence of the PML can become unstable when the PML is introduced. We demonstrate in this paper that this instability can be directly related to numerical treatment of boundary conditions in the PML. First, at the continuous level, we establish the stability of the constant coefficient initial boundary value problem for the PML. To enable the construction of stable numerical boundary procedures, we derive energy estimates for the PML in the Laplace space. Second, we develop a high order accurate and stable numerical approximation for the PML using summation-by-parts finite difference operators to approximate spatial derivatives and weak enforcement of boundary conditions using penalties. By constructing analogous discrete energy estimates we show discrete stability and convergence of the numerical method. Numerical experiments verify the theoretical results.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rotation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with and without a quantized vortex

We theoretically examine the rotation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an elliptical trap, both in the absence and presence of a quantized vortex. Two methods of introducing the rotating potential are considered - adiabatically increasing the rotation frequency at fixed ellipticity, and adiabatically increasing the trap ellipticity at fixed rotation frequency. Extensive simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are employed to map out the points where the condensate becomes unstable and ultimately forms a vortex lattice. We highlight the key features of having a quantized vortex in the initial condensate. In particular, we find that the presence of the vortex causes the instabilities to shift to lower or higher rotation frequencies, depending on the direction of the vortex relative to the trap rotation.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Education for active citizenship Implementation: a learning intervention carried out in a primary school concerning the history lesson based on Kolb’s learning cycle.

This paper aims at highlighting the ways with which the concept of citizenship is built in primary school. In particular, it seeks to highlight the learning processes which function as grounds of building experience and which are crucial for developing the perception of relations between the self and the community within the context of the concept of active citizen. Therefore, the essential issue of how to built the concept of active citizen in school as part of the learning process, highlights the need to develop learning environments that are supported by experiential practices that reflect essential messages and cultivate expectations for active individual public action. By adopting Kolb’s model of learning cycle we form learning bridges with History and present the application and results of the teaching intervention in the classroom.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Heidegger on No-thing and the Principle of Non-contradiction

Heidegger’s 1929 lecture on Nothing is usually considered as a critique of logic and, more generally, of the sciences that mainly rely on it. However, it can also be interpreted as a strong attempt to overcome Western metaphysics, i.e., the metaphysics of Anwesenheit, as well as a specific interpretation of the principle of non-contradiction on which this metaphysical perspective is grounded. In this new particular philosophical framework proposed by Heidegger, Dasein’s thrownness finds its proper space — the space of Dasein’s freedom. In my paper, I will argue that Heidegger’s proposal, more than just a critique of logic, is a call to re-think some fundamental topics of philosophy and, above all, is a call to be attentive to what is. Surprisingly, this fundamental attention is also the element that discloses Dasein’s thrownness, making possible its freedom. This latter, then, assumes in Heidegger’s thought a very different character from its usual understanding: it is not recognised as a completely absolute possibility of action, i.e., untied from constraints, but rather an attuned response to Being.

Topic: Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends of the links between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: A bibliometric analysis

Background Osteoarthritis has the characteristics of degenerative changes in articular cartilage and secondary osteoporosis, and it is a common chronic irreversible joint disease. In addition to affecting articular cartilage, subchondral bone, joint capsule and synovial membrane also undergo pathological changes during the development of the disease. Multiple studies have revealed that patients with osteoarthritis were found to have a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis, which also contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis. However, in the current existing studies, we found that no scholars have used bibliometric analysis in the study of the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. From the perspective of bibliometrics, this study summarizes in detail the degree of cooperation between countries, research institutions, authors, and related journals in the field of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis research and their respective influence. In this way, the evolution of knowledge structure, the change of research focus and the hot topics with research potential in the future can be further visualized and analyzed. Methods Search the Web of Science core collection in Science Citation Index Expanded for articles and reviews of research on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis from 1998 to 2021. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, were be frequently used in our study. They are mainly used to analyze collaborations between countries, research institutions, and publication authors. Meantime, co-citation analysis of journals, co-occurrence analysis of keywords and subject categories will also be reflected in the study. Results According to the search strategy, 1,078 publications were included during the period 1998–2021. And the number of annual publications on the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is on the rise. The United States has achieved the most and contributed the most in this field and the Boston University was the most prolific institution. For the statistical analysis of published publications, Reginster JY had the highest number of publications, while Felson DT had the highest co-citation frequency. Respectively, Osteoarthritis And Cartilage was the most productive journal in this area of research. The keywords “inflammation,” “expression,” and “mesenchymal stem cells” may also be the development trend and research hotspot of the future research direction in this field. Conclusions In our study, the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis was analyzed by using literature measurement. These analysis results can lead researchers to learn more directly about the trend in this area and provide guidance for determining popular research directions.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antioxidant and DNA damage protective activities of selected endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens: A Kalahari desert-adapted plant

Given that synthetic antioxidants are currently in use and have been demonstrated to have known negative side effects, it is important to look for natural antioxidant sources. Endophytic actinobacteria, especially those associated with medicinal plants, are one understudied source. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the secondary metabolites of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as the Devil&#39;s claw, have antioxidant and DNA damage protective properties. H. procumbens secondary tubers were collected from the Khomas and Hardap regions of Namibia, yielding a total of 23 isolated actinobacteria. The identities of the actinobacterial isolates were determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. This revealed 6 families affiliated to 7 genera that included the dominant Streptomyces genus (57%) whereas rare genera (Agromyces, Nocardiopsis, Rubrobacter, Patulibacter, Rhodococcus, Curtobacterium) and 2 unidentified strains accounted for 43%. The antioxidant results revealed that the ethyl acetate extracts of Streptomyces species strain A36, had the highest phenolic content of 1.993 &plusmn; 0.004 and total antioxidant activity of 0.258 &plusmn; 0.001. Meanwhile, extracts from Streptomyces spp. strain B12, had the highest radical scavenging activity of 95% at 0.1 mg&bull;mL-1 while B43, an unidentified actinobacterium, had the highest total reducing power of 0.849 &plusmn; 0.003. In addition, 61% of extracts showed the ability to protect DNA from damage when exposed to hydrogen peroxide. None of the samples contained terpenoids, while 13 (72%) contain alkaloids, 17 (94%) contain phenols and 8 (44%) contained flavonoids. The present study concludes that endophytic actinobacteria associated with H. procumbens are a potential source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. Key words: Harpagophytum procumbens, actinobacteria, antioxidants, DNA damage protection, endophytes, bioactive compounds

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
It Takes a Village: Listening to Parents

The study was premised on the concern of the migrant African parents about their children’s lack of aspiration for higher education after completing their secondary education in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. There appears to be little understanding of, or confusion around, the different pathways available to higher education in Australia. The reports and anecdotes around African youths in the NT demonstrating antisocial behaviors, including, but not limited to drug offences, teen pregnancies and suicides prompted this research. These troubling behaviors have culminated in the death of two young boys in the African community in Darwin 2016 and another girl in 2019 in Kathrine. The study comprises of African parents who migrated to NT in Australia from different demographics in Africa. This study used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to investigate African parents’ perception of their child’s post-secondary school aspiration. The outcome of this investigation revealed a lack of understanding of the NT Australian school systems and reporting strand on their children performance and the different pathways through which their children can access higher education in Australia. This study provided four recommendations to help African parents understand the NT Australian government policies and programs on education.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Magnetic resonance tomography in kidney tumors concomitant with symptomatic hypertension].

The potentialities of NMR-tomography in renal cancer patients with symptomatic hypertension were assessed. Altogether 15 patients (9 men and 6 women) aged 24 to 74 were investigated; previously examined 25 persons were entered into the control group. A NMR-tomograph with the magnitude of the magnetic field of 0.235 T using the "spin-echo" method. The results of the investigation were compared with those of the control group and with the results of x-ray computerized tomography, abdominal aortography, dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys, and ultrasound investigation. NMR-tomography was shown to possess high resolution permitting visualization of a kidney tumor irrespective of its site and its size exceeding 2-3 cm. It also permits obtaining additional data on the state of the kidney parenchyma, cortical and medullary substance, determining the level of ureteral obstruction, and detecting the presence of vertebral metastases.

Topic: MRI in cancer diagnosis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH2672991.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Peripheral nerve injury

Abstract In blast injury, the patient is exposed to a shock wave at close range, without any fracture, or signs of significant soft tissue injury. The underlying mechanism is, as yet, not fully understood. Large fibre conduction recovers, but the small fibres repair more slowly, and sometimes imperfectly. This chapter discusses how to assess and surgically address peripheral nerve injury. It is generally advocated that patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injuries, including closed brachial plexus traction lesions, should undergo surgery as early as possible, as this has been shown to optimise recovery. Peripheral nerve injuries offer many challenges, especially those that are proximal, involving the nerve plexus, and/or are complicated by other injuries. Secondary distal damage to a peripheral nerve can further confuse the clinical picture. A thorough history and examination, together with appropriate imaging and neurophysiological investigations, allow accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The management of such severe blast injury to peripheral nerves is a new phenomenon requiring further research.

Topic: Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences