jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intermittent pollen-tube growth in Fagales, especially in alders(Alms sieboldiana)

Summary: In Fagales, the ovary is still immature when pollen is delivered to the stigma and the fertilization occurs more than one month after pollination. Developmental study of the pollen-tube growth in the pistil of three species(Casuarina equisetifolia, Alnus sieboldiana and Myrica rubra)in Fagales showed that the pollen tube grows intermittently in close association with the development of the ovary and ovules. At the stage when the ovary develops an ovule primordium, many pollen tubes germinated on the stigma and reached the style, where they remain for several weeks in Casuarina and Alnus. The pollen-tube growth to the style proceeds irrespective of ovules and embryo sac. Thereafter, the pollen tube resumes growing to the ovary with an immature ovule(s)(megaspore tetrad stage in Casuarina and Alnus and megaspore mother cell stage in Myrica). In these species, the pollen tube reaches the ovule with immature embryo sac. Except in the last step, where the tube grows from the tissue of ovule(the chalaza or the nucellus)to an embryo sac, a mature embryo sac is not necessary for pollen-tube guidance in the pistil. While the intermittent pollen-tube growth appears to play an important role in the selection of a single pollen tube from many and one ovule from two(in Casuarina and Alnus), its detection provides insight into a study of the mechanism of pollen-tube guidance.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Ten‐Year Experience

Abstract Objectives: Analize the data of our center in the 1990–2001 period in terms of location, histology, treatment, and survival. Determine potential improvement areas from this data. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. We searched our database to obtain the clinical records of patients admitted in the ENT department of Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital, Santiago, Chile, from 1990 to 2001. Selected information was extracted from this records and analized statistically. Results: A total of 86 records were completed and then selected for the study; 93% of patients were male and 7% female. The most frequent location was transglottic (32.6%) followed by the glottic location (31.4%). Smoking was found in 86% of the patients while alcohol consumption in 50%. The 5-year survival was 75% for the glottic location, 37.5% for supraglottic, 57.1% for transglottic, and 100% for hypopharyngeal tumors. Conclusion: The location frequency found in this study differs from that reported by most of the authors and we must confirm this with prospective protocols. Our survival rate is lower than reported in literature. That could be explained by the high proportion of advanced tumors that we admit in our center. Given the low percentage of complete records, we have to improve our registry system.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Community Based Study on Awareness of HIV/AIDS among Young Males of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh

Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a challenging illness caused by the HIV virus, which weakens the immune system and leads to death through secondary infections. HIV/AIDS is spreading globally, hitting the younger generations. Objective: To assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS among young males of rural and urban area of Meerut District. Study Design : Cross-sectional, community based study. Settings and Participants: One urban (Multan Nagar) and one rural (Khajuri) area under the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut. Sample Size: 600 male young males aged 15-24 years, 300 were selected from urban area and 300 from rural area respectively. Study Period: Jan 2011 to June 2011 Methodology: A pre-designed, pre-tested, interview schedule was used after taking verbal consent. Questions consisted of awareness (i.e. whether ever heard of HIV/AIDS), knowledge about source of infection, modes of prevention of HIV/AIDS and source of information regarding HIV/AIDS, Results: The awareness of HIV/AIDS was higher (80%) among the urban respondents as compared to the rural respondents (53.3%). The predominant source of information among urban respondents was reading material such as newspapers, magazine, brochure and electronic media and rural subjects was interpersonal communication with doctors, health workers and friends. 42.5% of the rural respondents and 16.7% urban respondents did not know about any source of infection of HIV/ AIDS. The predominant mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS which the maximum respondents knew was unsafe sex among both urban and rural area. 37.5% of the rural respondents and 16.7% urban respondents did not know about any modes of prevention for HIV/AIDS although 25% urban and rural respondents knew that condom usage prevents HIV infection. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among the young males was found to be low. Targeted approach and more intensified Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns are needed to contain this dreaded epidemic.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Student engagement in an online course and its impact on student success

While much has been written about student engagement and its linkage to positive student outcomes—such as higher-order thinking, improved grades, and increased retention and graduation rates in traditional settings—little, if any, research has been done to connect student engagement and online student success. Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have the ability to measure student engagement by tracking frequency of logins, frequency of page visits, and frequency of discussion forum views, posts, and replies. Equally important, students who are aware of their levels of engagement compared to those levels measured by an LMS can self-monitor their progress and prevent the likelihood of failing a course. This initial exploratory study sought to determine whether relationships exist between students’ perceived level of engagement and students’ actual level of engagement as measured by an LMS, students’ perceived level of engagement and student success, and students’ actual level of engagement as measured by an LMS and student success. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine type and strength of relationships. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to recruit 38 respondents. Data showed that meaningful findings, which yielded statistically significant, modest or moderate positive partial relationships, occurred in the discussion forums. There were moderate positive relationships between students’ perceived level of engagement and frequency of discussion forum posts and replies, students’ perceived level of total engagement and student success, and students’ frequency of discussion forum views, posts, and replies, and student success. This initial exploratory study is useful in helping to refine future studies and learning more about student engagement levels in an online course and its relationship to positive student outcomes. Results can potentially help administrators and educators in making data-based decisions, and help students self-monitor engagement levels to improve student learning.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diffusible Hydrogen in Steel Weldments

Despite being a subject of intense research and exclusive attention over the past several decades, hydrogen in the weldments of high strength steels continues to seriously limit the performance of the components and confounds the quantitative component prognosis. More than 1500 studies in the literature have reported the behavior and effects of hydrogen in steels and their welds. It is well documented that a sufficient amount of hydrogen, when combined with a crack susceptible microstructure and the weld residual stress, poses a greater risk of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC). Cracking is undesirable in a weld because it causes a reduction in the mechanical properties, and thus poses a potential threat towards the structural integrity of the weldment. Of particular concern are the facts that HAC occurs at ambient temperatures, appears hours or days after the completion of welding and the cracks often remains undetected. Therefore, HAC may also cause catastrophic failure of a weld component while in service. It is known that the risk of cracking in welds can be reduced either by eliminating or by lowering at least one of the three following factors, the weld hydrogen content, the residual tensile stress and the crack susceptible microstructure of the weld, to levels below the critical to cause HAC. Reduction of hydrogen content in the weld is considered as the best way of reducing the risk of HAC. This can be achieved by employing dehydrogenation heat treatments to the steel and the weld. To choose a suitable dehydrogenation temperature, a knowledge of the hydrogen content in the weld is essential. Hydrogen in the steel weldments exists as diffusible and residual hydrogen. At a given temperature, while the residual hydrogen is permanently trapped in the weld and plays no role in HAC, the diffusible hydrogen is able to diffuse within or out of the weldment and is responsible for HAC. This brings out to the fore the need for the determination of diffusible hydrogen content in a weld. However, hydrogen is a transient element in steel and does not await its measurement like other elements. Therefore, development of a standard specimen and a standard procedure for the measurement of diffusible hydrogen is a daunting task. However, during the past few decades, several methods have been developed, tested and standardized for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of different aspects of hydrogen in steel welds and a systematic review of the different methods developed over the years for diffusible hydrogen measurement in steel welds.

Topic: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Subfield: Metals and Alloys
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nursing of Patients with Transnasal Intestinal Obstruction Tube

This paper summarized the holistic nursing experience of the application of transnasal intestinal obstruction tube in 13 patients with intestinal obstruction,including nursing of tubes,observation of complications,psychological care, nutrition support nursing,extubation nursing and health propaganda and education.The holistic nursing care may improve the patient's recovery.

Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hyperthermic treatment of malignant diseases: current status and a view toward the future.

New studies in hyperthermia at the basic science, engineering, and clinical level have stimulated renewed enthusiasm for re-investigating its potential as an anticancer therapy. This article reviews the salient features of these recent results and points out areas for additional investigation. Highlighting these new results is the publication of several positive phase III trials for thermoradiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone. Important highlights are the encouraging results using magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive thermometry. If this technology is successfully implemented with real time power control it will revolutionize the clinical application of hyperthermia.

Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Novel integrated Omics based computational approach for drug repurposing for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refers to a subtype of bladder carcinoma where cancer is localized in the inner lining of bladder. NMIBC consider as one of most costly malignancy and requires significant surgical and therapeutic measure. However, recurrence and progression of tumor is common in treated patients. Here we presented an integrated OMICs approach for the identification and inhibition of NMIBC specific genes. We utilized a case study where three group of patients were compared: 1) Relapsed tumors 2) recurrent tumors and 3) tumor in progression. Common transcriptome signature between patients facing recurrence and progression allowed us to identify three NMIBC specific genes FLT-1, WHSC-1 and CD34. We further utilized novel approach of Co-expressed gene-set enrichment analysis (COGENA) on the differentially expressed genes of this case study. Three drugs (paroxetine, adiphenine and H-89) with role of receptors inhibition were identified and predicted as repurposed drugs for the inhibition NMIBC specific genes. We further tested this hypothesis by performing molecular docking and simulation analysis between cancer specific proteins and drugs. FLT-1 have shown significant stable interaction with both drugs paroxetine and adiphenine whereas WHSC-1 have shown compact interaction with adiphenine and H-89. In the light of these evidence, we suggest that adiphenine could be repositioned as alternate targeted medicine for the treatment of NMIBC. In the future, this study will help for strengthening the strategies development at the molecular level for the control of carcinomas at early as well as detection of active and binding site, receptor-ligand interaction and also make drug repurposing for the early treatment of the carcinomas.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of mediation and reciprocal effects of changes in weight, self-esteem, and exercise in a behavioral weight loss treatment

Improving the treatment of obesity remains a critical\n\n\n\nchallenge. Several health behaviour change models, often\n\n\n\nbased on a social-cognitive framework, have been used to\n\n\n\ndesign weight management interventions (Baranowski et\n\n\n\nal., 2003). However, most interventions have only produced\n\n\n\nmodest weight reductions (Wadden et al., 2002) and socialcognitive\n\n\n\nvariables have shown limited power to predict\n\n\n\nweight outcomes (Palmeira et al., 2007). Other predictors, and possibl alte nati e e planatory models, are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which weight loss\n\n\n\nand other obesity treatment-outcomes are brought about\n\n\n\n(Baranowski, 2006). Self-esteem is one of these possible\n\n\n\nmechanisms, because is commonly reported to change\n\n\n\nduring the treatment, although these changes are not\n\n\n\nnecessarily associated with weight loss (Blaine et al., 2007;\n\n\n\nMaciejewski et al., 2005). This possibility should be more\n\n\n\nevident if the program integrates regular exercise, as it\n\n\n\npromotes improvements in subjective well-being (Biddle &amp;\n\n\n\nMutrie, 2001), with possible influences on long-term behavioral adherence (e.g. diet, exercise). Following the reciprocal effects model tenets (Marsh &amp; Craven, 2006), we\n\n\n\nexpect that the influences between changes in weight, selfesteem\n\n\n\nand exercise to be reciprocal and might present one\n\n\n\nof the mechanisms by which obesity treatments can be\n\n\n\nimproved.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Mapping and Resourcing Patient and Stakeholder Engagement Along Ten-Step Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Continuum Framework [Methods Study], United States, 2015-2020

To develop a patient engagement translation table (PETT) to give researchers guidance about which engagement methods are suitable for different steps of a research study. The study had 4 main objectives: Developing a PETT that maps patient engagement methods to the 10-Step PCOR Continuum Framework for Patient and Stakeholder Engagement Assessing the time, staff, and financial resources required for planning and executing patient engagement activities for each method and for special considerations for underrepresented patient groups Highlighting patient engagement methods that enhance engagement of underrepresented patient groups Developing a collaborative strategy for dissemination with PCORI and other stakeholders

Topic: Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Potential protective role of Melilotus officinalis against Cisplatin –induced cardiac and pulmonary toxicities in rats

Data from previous literature were used to compile a checklist of the of north African hydraenid beetles.Members of Hydraenidae are mostly 0.5-3 mm in length and genitalia of different species under the same taxonomic group are almost indistinguishable.The external morphology of several taxa, e.g., Ochthebiinae, is largely variable.Mostly all the described genera or subgenera are with uncertain relationships in addition to the presence of many assigned but undescribed species.Here we summarize the recorded species of family Hydraenidae in the north Africa.The species distribution in the Palearctic region is provided.According to the analysis of literature a total of 15, 15, 61, 39 species were recorded in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia respectively.The genus Ochthebius was represented by 15, 13, 36, 16 species, while Hydraena by 19, 1, 15, 12 species, and Limnebius species was represented by 3,1, 12, 6 species in Algeria Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia respectively.

Topic: Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Coronitic textures in ferrogabbroids of the Elet’ozero complex (North Karelia, Russia): Evidence for the existence of an immiscible high-Fe melt

It is demonstrated that most subsolidus coronitic textures in ferrogabbroids of the Elet’ozero intrusive complex result from crystallization of drops of immiscible interstitial high-Fe melt scattered among cumulates and containing SiO2, Ti, Al, Ca, Na, K, Ba, and volatiles (water, F, and Cl) as well. Fe–Ti oxides were the first crystal phases, whereas other components were incorporated in the surrounding concentrically zoned rims composed of olivine, phlogopite, and kaersutite–pargasite. Reactional rims at the boundaries between olivine and plagioclase and symplectitic pargasite–muscovite–scapolite rims around the clusters of olivine and Fe–Ti oxides are observed as well. Thus, the coronitic textures in ferrogabbroids of the Elet’ozero Complex provide the first evidence for the existence of an immiscible, relatively low-temperature high-Fe melt in the natural magmatic systems.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Irrigation and Debridement for Periprosthetic Hip Infection: Does Timing Play a Role?

Abstract Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The rate of PJIs in total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures varies from 0.3 to 2.9%. Irrigation and debridement (I&amp;D) with modular implant exchange is often performed to treat PJIs. Early management of infection is cited to offer a higher success rate. The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of early I&amp;D for THA PJIs. We reviewed 38 patients diagnosed with a PJI between 2009 and 2014 who went on to have I&amp;D with modular implant exchange. Patients were separated into three cohorts based on time from index procedure (≤4, 4–8, and ≥8 weeks), and were subsequently linked to treatment success and failure. Success was defined as the eradication of infection and resolution of presenting symptoms. All patients who required additional procedures due to infection were considered failures. Twenty-eight patients (73.7%) were successfully treated while 10 patients (26.3%) required further surgical interventions for persistent infection. Overall, average time between THA and I&amp;D was 44.4 days. Successful I&amp;Ds on average occurred within 41.9 days of the index procedure; while unsuccessful I&amp;Ds were performed 51.6 days after index THA. Additionally, our study demonstrated that obese patients were more likely to fail debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and retention of the prosthesis (DAIR) procedures (p = 0.006). While our results demonstrate that the average time to I&amp;D with a modular exchange was shorter for those who had a successful outcome, the difference was not significant (p = 0.37).

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
APPROXIMATION BY POLYNOMIALS IN THE MEAN WITH RESPECT TO AREA

This paper extends the concept of to arbitrary bounded sets of a complex plane, when an integral metric (relative to area) is considered. It is proved that for the completeness of the set of polynomials in a given closed or open set according to an integral metric, it is a necessary condition that the corresponding polynomial hull coincide with the interior of the set under consideration. The sufficiency of this condition is proved for various classes of sets. Using the notion of analytic p-capacity of sets, we obtain a full description of the compacta for which the polynomials are complete. Bibliography: 9 titles.

Topic: Holomorphic and Operator Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE VILLAGE PAIHEME DISTRICT CENTRAL TAPANULI NORTH SUMATRA

The nutritional status of children under five years in Indonesia is still cause for concern, because of 5,119,935 children under five of 17,983,244 children under five in Indonesia (28.47%) include in group of malnutrition. Nutritional problems in Indonesia and developing countries in general are still dominated by protein energy malnutrition, iron anemia problems, interference problems caused by lack of iodine, the problem of lack of vitamins and the problem of obesity, especially in big cities and remote areas. The low nutritional status of children in West Sorkam subdistrict Sipeapea Paiheme village public health center (PHC) work area related to knowledge, income, education, occupation, status of diarrhea and exclusive breastfeeding. This is a descriptive analytic study with cross-sectional analysis is to determine the nutritional status of infants in Middle Tapanuli District West Sorkam subdistrict Sipeapea Paiheme PHC work area. The study population was mothers who have children under five, with a large sample of 96 mothers. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire. Analysis of data using simple logistic regression test at 95% confidence level. The result showed that most of the good nutritional status of 67.7% and malnutrition status of 32.3%. Factors knowledge, education and status of children under five with diarrhea had a significant association with the nutritional status of children in which the value of p-values 0.05. From the multiple logistic regression test results concluded that the education variable is the dominant with score OR = 8.271, which means mother of higher education have the opportunity to her children good nutritional status than mothers with low education after the controlled variable knowledge, job, status of children under five with diarrhea and exclusive breastfeeding. Suggested for health workers in the district of West Sorkam in order to further improve counselling about nutrition to the public and counselling on how to prevent diarrhea to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and to increase the knowledge of the mother in providing good nutrition for children.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences