jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
L-Arginine Reinforces NK Cell-Mediated GVL Effect in Bone Marrow of AML Patients with Early Relapse Post-Allo-HSCT

Relapse is a leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance and cancer immunotherapy, and NK cell dysfunction has been observed in various tumors. Here, we performed ex vivo experiments to systematically characterize the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of bone marrow-derived NK (BMNK) cells isolated from AML patients experiencing early relapse after allo-HSCT. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the level of L-arginine decreased in the bone marrow and was associated with BMNK cell paucity and dysfunction in these AML patients. In addition, highly expressed arginase-1 in M2 macrophages induced L-arginine deficiency in the bone marrow microenvironment and suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytotoxicity of BMNK cells. Additionally, L-arginine deficiency triggered the formation of TFEB-containing transcriptional condensates, and induced liquid-liquid phase separation of TFEB, which resulted in abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of BMNK cells. Furthermore, the supplementation with L-arginine restored NK cell-mediated anti-leukemic responses in the leukemia xenograft mouse model and patient-derived xenografted (PDX) model. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism through which L-arginine deficiency compromises NK cells, highlighting the potential of L-arginine supplementation to improve NK cell-based cancer treatments.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluorescent Imaging of Resveratrol Induced Subcellular Cysteine Up-Regulation

Even through many physiological pathways of resveratrol have been established since its association with the "French paradox" in 1992, its exact pathological roles are still ambiguous and disputable. To understand how resveratrol exerts its effects would not only enlighten the pathogenesis study of related diseases, but also promote the development of more potent molecules. Focusing on the reported cellular directly and indirectly ROS scavenging processes of resveratrol, we evaluated the activation effect of the inherent antioxidation thiols system in subcellular level by two cysteine (Cys) specific fluorescent probes mitochondria targetable <b>Mito-1</b> and lysosomes targetable <b>Ly-1</b>. We found that 50 μM resveratrol treatment could induce distinct Cys up-regulation in both mitochondria and lysosomes which might be a general biological phenomenon in various cell lines for the first time.

Topic: Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery : Surgical Procedures

In order to understand appropriate surgical procedures in the endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery, the history of development of sinus surgery in the last hundred year is reviewd. During the former half of this century, various kinds of radical procedures for sinus surgery had developed under severe controversy whether to take radical or conservative procedures . The surgical results, however, remained unsatisfactory . The endonasal sinus surgery which belongs conservative surgical procedures were reevaluated as a safer and better surgical procedure by the introduction of endoscopes making junction with TV system. Reported surgical results have shown a remarkable improvement compared with radical procedures. Important requisites to perform appropriate emdoscopic sinus surgery are to keep attention for individual anatomical variations of the sinus and nasal cavity under careful observation with endoscopes and imaging, to follow postoperative patients up for a long period to prevent cyst formation, and to establish systematic training programs for the surgeons.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reservations About Democracy: The Deposition ofIndian Chiefs and Councilors in Ontario, 1897 to 1944

The elective form of band governance that was imposed on Indian people was part of Canadian Indian policy. The purpose of this policy, from the development of the Indian Act in 1876 to the 1950s, was protection, civilization and assimilation. The government attempted to teach Indian people European values so that they would renounce their traditional ways and assimilate into the general Canadian population. One area in which European values were to be taught was politics. Indian people were introduced to the democratic form of electing chiefs and councilors. The limited amount of responsibility given to these elected officials was intended to give Indians limited control over their own affairs and to introduce them to the Euro-Canadian definition of the democratic process. Those government officials who were given the task as guardians of Indian people were also given the authority to relieve chiefs and councilors from their positions on four grounds. This study focuses on how the legislation regarding the deposition of chiefs and councilors was used; by whom, how frequently, and whether it was used as a weapon of social control. By examining the correspondence between government officials and their superiors at Indian Affairs headquarters in Ottawa, I found that not only were government officials using the legislation, but so too were Indian people. Although Indian people provided more recommendations for deposition, Indian agents had a higher rate of successful depositions. During the time frame studied, there were a low number of dep0sitions and government officials did not appear as though they were motivated by social and political differences. This study does demonstrate that Indian people had some control over their leadership in the form of band council, but it was still limited by the larger system of control imposed by Canadian government officials.

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Scholarly Publications and Dataset Evidence for the Human Reference Atlas

Experts from 17 consortia are collaborating on the Human Reference Atlas (HRA) which aims to map the human body at single cell resolution. To bridge across scales—from the meter size human body to the micrometer size single-cell level—organ experts are constructing anatomical structures, cell types plus biomarkers (ASCT+B) tables and associated spatial reference objects. The 26 organ-specific ASCT+B tables published in the 3rd release of the HRA, capture 2,662 major anatomical structures, the 937 cell types commonly located in these, and the 1,726 biomarkers (gene, protein, lipid, metabolites) used to characterize cell types. The tables also capture 88 unique ORCID IDs of expert authors and reviewers and 456 unique publication DOIs at the organ and cell type level combined. In addition, there are 57 unique ORCID IDs of experts and 14 publication DOIs in 2/3D objects and OMAPs. To recruit additional experts who might contribute or review the HRA, we queried the Web of Science database for papers and authors focused on the 33 organs targeted for the next HRA release. In a parallel effort, high quality single-cell experimental datasets are linked to ASCT+B tables to provide scientific evidence for the existence of nodes and linkages in the HRA. We compiled a total of 620 datasets for 58 organs with 1,174 unique cell types and associated expression values for 47,000 genes. The experimental datasets link to 561 unique scholarly papers. We tabulate the number and type of evidence for organs covered in the HRA and visualize the networks of organ-specific experts and funders. Study results are important for (1) understanding and communicating the quality (and remaining uncertainty) of the HRA, (2) planning future tissue data collection, and (3) inviting other leading experts to serve as authors or reviewers of the evolving atlas.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Scalable Nonoverlapping and Nonconformal Domain Decomposition Method for Solving Time-Harmonic Maxwell Equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$

We present a novel nonoverlapping and nonconformal domain decomposition method (DDM) for solving the time-harmonic Maxwell equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$. There are three major technical ingredients in the proposed nonconformal DDM: (a) a true second order transmission condition (SOTC) to enforce fields continuities across domain interfaces; (b) a corner edge penalty term to account for corner edges between neighboring subdomains; and (c) a global plane wave deflation technique to further improve the convergence of DDM for electrically large problems. It has been shown previously that a SOTC, which involves two second order transverse derivatives, facilitates convergence in the conformal domain decomposition method for both propagating and evanescent electromagnetic waves across domain interfaces. However, the discontinuous nature of the cement variables across the corner edges between neighboring subdomains remains troublesome. To mitigate the technical difficulty encountered and to enforce the needed divergence-free condition, we introduced a corner edge penalty term into the interior penalty formulation for the nonconformal DDM. The introduction of the corner edge penalty term successfully restored the superior performance of the SOTC. Finally, through an analysis of the DDM with the SOTC, we show that there still exists a weakly convergent region where the convergence in the DDM can still be unbearably slow for electrically large problems. Furthermore, it is found that the weakly convergent region is centered at the cutoff modes, or electromagnetic waves propagate in parallel to the domain interfaces. Subsequently, a global plane wave deflation technique is utilized to derive an effective global-coarse-grid preconditioner to promote fast convergence of the cutoff or near cutoff modes in the vicinity of domain interfaces. Finally, the strength of the proposed method is illustrated by means of three numerical examples.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coorientational Accuracy and Organizational Conflict

The relationship between coorientational accuracy and two dimensions of conflict (tactic selection and interaction satisfaction) was investigated in an experimental study of 80 employees from a large corporation. The employees were placed in dyads in one of two settings, low or high coorientational accuracy (CA), and were videotaped while discussing a topic of personal and organizational relevance. In the high-CA setting, the employees were more likely to be satisfied with the process of discussion and with the decision outcome. Although employees in both groups selected reason as their primary conflict tactic, those in the high-CA setting chose friendliness and bargaining more frequently, while those in the low-CA setting chose assertiveness more frequently.

Topic: Conflict Management and Negotiation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Unlikely Election and Service of John Inscho Mitchell, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1881-1887

John Inscho Mitchell was a little known progressive Pennsylvania politician who represented the State in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate between 1877 and 1887. His reluctance to continue serving in Washington after four years in the House did not prevent the Pennsylvania legislature from appointing him to the U.S. Senate in 1881 as a compromise candidate on the thirty-fifth ballot.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Canopy Starts at 0.5 m: Predatory Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Differ between Rain Forest Floor Soil and Suspended Soil at any Height

ABSTRACT Suspended soils in forest canopies are thought to harbor a substantial fraction of canopy biomass and many arboreal specialists, but do forest floor generalist predators with high vagility also use this habitat? We tested the hypothesis of no difference between forest floor and suspended‐soil predatory mite faunas (Acari: Mesostigmata) in an Australian rain forest. Our results show that instead of being habitat generalists, many predatory mites partition soil into two main strata: soil suspended aboveground irrespective of height (0.5–20 m) and soil on the ground. Of 53 species of Mesostigmata in suspended soil, 53 percent (28 species) were absent from or rarely found on the ground. This increased to 60 percent (15/25 species) if only common species are considered. Among these 15 ‘suspended‐soil specialists’, all but the three least abundant were found throughout the arboreal strata. Moreover, ten species also occurred in litter accumulated on the surface of decaying logs or boulders close to the forest floor. Thus, although the arboreal predatory mite fauna is distinct from that on the forest floor, it is not restricted to the high canopy: even slightly elevated substrate appears acceptable as habitat for these suspended‐soil specialists. Our data suggest that a substantial portion of a rain forest's soil and litter fauna is held above the forest floor.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Digital trajectroy control of a robot arm.

Digital controllers for trajectory control of a robot arm are proposed in this paper. A simple discrete-time model of the robot arm obtained by an Euler approximation is used for the design of the controller. Disregarding computation delay in the controller, we derive an algorithm based on the computed torque method. The feedback gains can easily be determined to obtain desired closed loop poles. Using a state predictor, we modify the algorithm so as to take account of unit computation delay. A simulation example shows that the modified algorithm provides better performance for the high gain feedback case. In addition, for the robot arm stabilized by the modified algorithm, we propose a design of an iterative learning controller. The proposed controller consists of a simple error-correction algorithm and a series compensator of FIR type. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed iterative learning controller.

Topic: Iterative Learning Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predicting the geographic distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

To understand the geographic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, both the climatic niches of Lutzomyia longipalpis and VL cases were analysed. Distributional data were obtained from 55 of the 79 counties of MS between 2003-2012. Ecological niche models (ENM) of Lu. longipalpis and VL cases were produced using the maximum entropy algorithm based on eight climatic variables. Lu. longipalpis showed a wide distribution in MS. The highest climatic suitability for Lu. longipalpis was observed in southern MS. Temperature seasonality and annual mean precipitation were the variables that most influenced these models. Two areas of high climatic suitability for the occurrence of VL cases were predicted: one near Aquidauana and another encompassing several municipalities in the southeast region of MS. As expected, a large overlap between the models for Lu. longipalpis and VL cases was detected. Northern and northwestern areas of MS were suitable for the occurrence of cases, but did not show high climatic suitability for Lu. longipalpis . ENM of vectors and human cases provided a greater understanding of the geographic distribution of VL in MS, which can be applied to the development of future surveillance strategies.

Topic: Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Uses of regression in real time processing of neurophysiological signals

A set of least squares regression techniques are described for use in real time processing of neural signals in the operating room. These techniques may be understood as equivalent to application of unrealizable ideal filters. The obtained effects include high pass filtering, notch filtering, and identification and removal of noise identified from a reference signal.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Students Perspectives on Tracking and Detracking

Abstract Detracking has been described as an equityminded reform that attempts to level the playing field among students of different socio-economic, racial, and linguistic groups. Yet few people have talked to students about their perspectives regarding this reform, and the challenges students may face when schools reduce the number or levels of differentiated courses. In this article, the authors use student focus group data gathered at 12 schools implementing detracking reforms from 2000-2002 to explore how students make sense of tracking practices and equity-minded policies to reduce tracking at their schools. At the core of this sense-making process is the notion that students' understandings of meritocracy, intelligence, and stratification influence their perceptions of tracking and detracking practices. The authors also discuss how students' beliefs about such topics can inform educators' and policymakers' approaches to equity-minded reforms such as detracking.

Topic: Parental Involvement in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analisis Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Karet di Kabupaten Bungo

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of rubber farmers, to determine and analyze revenue and profit rubber production in the sample, to determine and analyze the level of income inequality rubber farmers of the people in the sample, and to identify and analyze the factors that affect smallholder rubber production in the sample. Based on these results suggested to the government should work closely with farmers in encouraging the opening of degraded land through various cooperation for optimal land use, because the land proved to have a significant influence on people's rubber production in Bungo.

Topic: Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. IP 7270

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br>Common name(s): Pearl millet<br>Other names: IP 7270<br>Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India<br>Local sample unique identifier: IP 7270<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1980-04-01<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The cardiovascular effects of amodiaquine and structurally related antimalarials: An individual patient data meta-analysis

Background Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial similar to chloroquine that is used extensively for the treatment and prevention of malaria. Data on the cardiovascular effects of amodiaquine are scarce, although transient effects on cardiac electrophysiology (electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation and sinus bradycardia) have been observed. We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to characterise the cardiovascular effects of amodiaquine and thereby support development of risk minimisation measures to improve the safety of this important antimalarial. Methods and findings Studies of amodiaquine for the treatment or prevention of malaria were identified from a systematic review. Heart rates and QT intervals with study-specific heart rate correction (QTcS) were compared within studies and individual patient data pooled for multivariable linear mixed effects regression. The meta-analysis included 2,681 patients from 4 randomised controlled trials evaluating artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) containing amodiaquine ( n = 725), lumefantrine ( n = 499), piperaquine ( n = 716), and pyronaridine ( n = 566), as well as monotherapy with chloroquine ( n = 175) for uncomplicated malaria. Amodiaquine prolonged QTcS (mean = 16.9 ms, 95% CI: 15.0 to 18.8) less than chloroquine (21.9 ms, 18.3 to 25.6, p = 0.0069) and piperaquine (19.2 ms, 15.8 to 20.5, p = 0.0495), but more than lumefantrine (5.6 ms, 2.9 to 8.2, p < 0.001) and pyronaridine (−1.2 ms, −3.6 to +1.3, p < 0.001). In individuals aged ≥12 years, amodiaquine reduced heart rate (mean reduction = 15.2 beats per minute [bpm], 95% CI: 13.4 to 17.0) more than piperaquine (10.5 bpm, 7.7 to 13.3, p = 0.0013), lumefantrine (9.3 bpm, 6.4 to 12.2, p < 0.001), pyronaridine (6.6 bpm, 4.0 to 9.3, p < 0.001), and chloroquine (5.9 bpm, 3.2 to 8.5, p < 0.001) and was associated with a higher risk of potentially symptomatic sinus bradycardia (≤50 bpm) than lumefantrine (risk difference: 14.8%, 95% CI: 5.4 to 24.3, p = 0.0021) and chloroquine (risk difference: 8.0%, 95% CI: 4.0 to 12.0, p < 0.001). The effect of amodiaquine on the heart rate of children aged <12 years compared with other antimalarials was not clinically significant. Study limitations include the unavailability of individual patient-level adverse event data for most included participants, but no serious complications were documented. Conclusions While caution is advised in the use of amodiaquine in patients aged ≥12 years with concomitant use of heart rate–reducing medications, serious cardiac conduction disorders, or risk factors for torsade de pointes, there have been no serious cardiovascular events reported after amodiaquine in widespread use over 7 decades. Amodiaquine and structurally related antimalarials in the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended dose regimens alone or in ACTs are safe for the treatment and prevention of malaria.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The mechanisms of oxidative degradation of biomedical polymers by free radicals

Abstract Degradation is an essential factor in polymer biocompatibility. The physiological environment of the human body can be aggressive to polymers. Most implanted polymers suffer degradation and the kinetics and mechanisms of the processes can be significantly affected by various biologically active species, especially enzymes, lipids, peroxides, free radicals, and phagocytic cells. Iron enhances the toxicity of oxygen free radicals. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide can interact to form the very toxic hydroxyl radical in the presence of iron. The data have shown that the hydroxyl radical is likely to be one of the main causes of polymer degradation in implantable devices. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

Topic: Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences