jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural translation of refugee trauma: Cultural idioms of distress among Somali refugees in displacement

Westernized approaches to mental health care often place limited emphasis on refugees’ own experiences and cultural explanations of symptoms and distress. In order to effectively assess community mental health needs and develop interventions grounded in local needs, mental health programs need to be informed by an understanding of cultural features of mental health, including cultural idioms of distress (CIDs). The current study aims to explore CIDs among Somali refugees displaced in Kenya to understand mental health needs in cultural context and serve the community in a culturally responsive and sensitive manner. This research was conducted as a two-phase qualitative study. First, key informant interviews with Somali mental health stakeholders generated a list of 7 common Somali CIDs: buufis, buqsanaan, welwel, murug, qaracan, jinn, and waali. Typologies of each CID were further explored through four focus group interviews with Somali community members. The findings from a template analysis revealed Somali lay beliefs on how trauma and daily stressors are experienced and discussed in the form of CIDs and how each term is utilized and understood in attributing symptoms to associated causes. This study highlights the need to incorporate colloquial terms in mental health assessment and to adopt a culturally relevant framework to encourage wider utilization of services and religious/spiritual support systems.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Alternative strategies to agriculture: the evidence for climatic shocks and cereal declines during the British Neolithic and Bronze Age (a reply to Bishop)

Our suggestion that agriculture was temporarily abandoned for several centuries throughout much of mainland Britain after 3600 BC has provoked criticism, notably the claim by Bishop (2015) that we have missed continuity in Scotland. We demonstrate that firm evidence for widespread agriculture within the later Neolithic is still unproven. We trace the disappearance of cereals and the associated population collapse to a probable climatic shift that impacted the abundance of rainfall and lowered temperatures, thus affecting the reliability of cereals. Divergent strategies and patterns are identified on the Scottish Islands versus the mainland, which has more in common with England, Wales and Ireland. We argue that climate shocks disrupt existing subsistence patterns, to which varied responses are represented by divergent island and mainland patterns, both in the Late Neolithic and during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Favourable climates encouraged population growth and subsistence innovation, such as at the start of the Neolithic and in the Beaker period.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electro-thermal treatment optimization of high concentration ammonia nitrogen by gaseous oxidation in liquid phase (GOLP)

This study is focused on optimizing the treatment parameters for high concentration ammonia using gaseous oxidation in liquid phase (GOLP). The conversion of ammonia was achieved electro-thermally over mono-crystalline silicon supported CoOx catalyst. The experimental results demonstrated that factors including the co-anions, pH of the solutions, air flowrate and the current showed apparent influences on the ammonia removal. The higher the Cl− concentration and/or current, the better the efficiency of ammonia degradation. The increase of the air flowrate would increase the ammonia removal accordingly. And it was also observed that the pH declined during the ammonia conversion, and the neutral and alkaline pH were beneficial to the ammonia removal. The preliminary cost analysis based on lab data was also provided for future reference.

Topic: Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Poetic instruction

In a related manner, the theories defining and defending composition by field Charles Olson presents in 'Projective Verse' are basically pedagogical allegories. The pedagogical aspect of Olson's projective poetics, in particular the emphasis upon stringent, self-determined control over the arrangement of his lines, is legible as a kind of prolepsis insofar as it closes down certain forms of critical examination in advance. Olson's proscriptions aim to collapse the difference between acts of reading and the possibly more self-reflective processes of study. Robert von Hallberg's The Scholar's Art is perhaps the best and most important example of a consenting approach to Olson's work. Olson's favoured Webster's Dictionary defines 'machine' as an 'assemblage of parts that transmits forces, motion and energy one to another in a predetermined manner'.

Topic: Poetry Analysis and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
MatFormer: Nested Transformer for Elastic Inference

Foundation models are applied in a broad spectrum of settings with different inference constraints, from massive multi-accelerator clusters to resource-constrained standalone mobile devices. However, the substantial costs associated with training these models often limit the number of unique model sizes that can be offered. Consequently, practitioners are compelled to select a model that may not be optimally aligned with their specific latency and cost requirements. We present MatFormer, a novel Transformer architecture designed to provide elastic inference across diverse deployment constraints. MatFormer achieves this by incorporating a nested Feed Forward Network (FFN) block structure within a standard Transformer model. During training, we optimize the parameters of multiple nested FFN blocks with varying sizes, enabling the extraction of hundreds of accurate smaller models without incurring additional computational costs. We empirically validate the efficacy of MatFormer across different model classes (decoders and encoders) and modalities (language and vision), demonstrating its potential for real-world deployment. We show that a 850M decoder-only MatFormer language model (MatLM) allows us to extract multiple smaller models spanning from 582M to 850M parameters, each exhibiting better validation loss and one-shot downstream evaluations than independently trained counterparts. Furthermore, we observe that smaller encoders extracted from a universal MatFormer-based ViT (MatViT) encoder preserve the metric-space structure for adaptive large-scale retrieval. Finally, we showcase that speculative decoding with the accurate and consistent submodels extracted from MatFormer can lead to significant reduction in inference latency. Project website: https://devvrit.github.io/matformer/

Topic: Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the modified entropy equation

The object of this paper is to solve the so--called modified entropy equation \[ f=f+ μf, \] on the positive cone of $\R^{k}$, where $μ$ is a given multiplicative function on this cone. After that the regular solutions of this equation are determined. Furthermore we investigate its connection between the entropy equation and other equations, as well.

Topic: Functional Equations Stability Results
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utility compatibility of nonisolated residential power conditioners

Nonisolated power conditioner (PCS) designs can improve the efficiency of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. They can replace material-intensive hardware with process-intensive hardware, promising cost reductions in future PCSs when they are produced in large quantities. Several technical issues have been studied to ensure that the nonisolated, or transformerless, utility-interactive designs can be used. The technical issues include possible dc injection into the utility or local loads, unbalanced output, and limited options for array protection and grounding. Two nonisolated prototypes have been developed as part of the DOE PV program and are being evaluated at Sandia National Laboratories. This paper describes the results of the development and evaluation efforts.

Topic: Advanced Battery Technologies Research
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Hypofibrinogenemia associated with steroid therapy for the patients who developed GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation].

Hypofibrinogenemia (plasma fibrinogen level <150 mg/dl) is occasionally observed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and its etiology is often difficult to determine. We herein report that steroids administered for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are associated with the development of hypofibrinogenemia. We retrospectively analyzed the plasma fibrinogen (Fg) levels in 15 consecutive patients who had been administered 1 mg/kg/day (1 mg/kg group) or 2 mg/kg/day (2 mg/kg group) methylprednisolone for the treatment of Grade II to IV acute GVHD. Hypofibrinogenemia had developed in 8 of the 15 patients (53%) by day 50 after the start of steroid treatment, and was observed in 2 of 6 patients in the 1 mg/kg group and 6 of 9 in the 2 mg/kg group. A significant decrease in the Fg level was observed in the 2 mg/kg group (the median value before starting steroid treatment and that on the 20th day after starting steroid treatment were 506 mg/dl and 180 mg/dl, respectively, P=0.0013). Other possible causes of hypofibrinogenemia, including liver dysfunction or disseminated intravascular coagulation, were confirmed in only 3 patients during the observation period. In conclusion, hypofibrinogenemia commonly occurs in patients treated with steroids, especially those administered 2 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone for the treatment of GVHD.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
15: The Essential Role of Faculty Development in New Higher Education Models

There is a growing interest in and active discussion about new educational environments, which shift the emphasis of education from faculty and their teaching to students and their learning. This shift enables us to view the education of students in multiple educational environments beyond the traditional model of faculty teaching students in a classroom. Combining both different instructional roles and educational settings into new higher education models of undergraduate education will demand that faculty learn new roles. It also holds out the hope that reducing the demands on faculty time and increasing the availability of other institutional resources will enhance the quality of faculty work-life. To successfully address factors like financial constraints and accountability while creating, implementing, and sustaining new higher education models will require the commitment of a number of significant groups in the institution. Among the most important will be the work of faculty development professionals and the centers they lead.

Topic: Evaluation of Teaching Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
De Haan <i>v</i>. German Federal Republic.

Peace treaties — Performance of — Restitution provisions — Convention on the Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and Occupation, 1952-197#x2014;Claims for compensation — Distinguished from claims for restitution. Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Limitation of — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany — Effect of Convention on the Settlement of Matters Arising Out of the War and Occupation, 1952–1954 — Chapter Ten, Article 12, paragraph 1 (a) — Claims against German Federal Republic — Distinction between claims for restitution and claims for compensation — Absence of jurisdiction over latter.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New Developments in Area-based Initiatives in England: The Experience of the Single Regeneration Budget

This article reports recent research that has assessed the achievements of one of the most extensive area-based initiatives (ABIs) that has ever been adopted in England-namely, the Single Regeneration Budget. This research has sought to ascertain whether, at least in relation to the findings from SRB, there is evidence that the ABI has delivered what was expected of it and thus whether the underlying rationale for its deployment was valid. The article focuses on three key areas of relevance to the attainment of local area regeneration. These are: targeting social deprivation; bringing about effective partnership working; and, `bending' the activities of mainstream service providers. This article concludes by considering what the lessons from SRB are for the future shape and form of ABIs.

Topic: Community Development and Social Impact
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Trust-Based Identity Sharing For Token Grants

Authentication and authorization are two key elements of a software application. In modern day, OAuth 2.0 framework and OpenID Connect protocol are widely adopted standards fulfilling these requirements. These protocols are implemented into authorization servers. It is common to call these authorization servers as identity servers or identity providers since they hold user identity information. Applications registered to an identity provider can use OpenID Connect to retrieve ID token for authentication. Access token obtained along with ID token allows the application to consume OAuth 2.0 protected resources. In this approach, the client application is bound to a single identity provider. If the client needs to consume a protected resource from a different domain, which only accepts tokens of a defined identity provider, then the client must again follow OpenID Connect protocol to obtain new tokens. This requires user identity details to be stored in the second identity provider as well. This paper proposes an extension to OpenID Connect protocol to overcome this issue. It proposes a client-centric mechanism to exchange identity information as token grants against a trusted identity provider. Once a grant is accepted, resulting token response contains an access token, which is good enough to access protected resources from token issuing identity provider's domain.

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gas Chromatography of Organonitrogen Pesticides, Using a Nitrogen-Specific Detection System

Abstract A gas-liquid chromatographic system with a nitrogen-specific detector was investigated for the determination of 95 organonitrogen pesticides. Each compound was chromatographed, using DC-200 liquid phase on a solid support of 80–100 mesh Chromosorb W (HP). Retention times and response data are given for these pesticides.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
DI-069 Compliance of adolescents to the treatment of ACNE vulgaris

<h3>Background</h3> Acne vulgaris affects almost every adolescent to varying extents. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Symptoms often require medical treatment with local and/or systemic medication. The success of the treatment is greatly influenced by the compliance of the patients. Adolescents often have poor compliance, and it can be challenging for healthcare providers to improve compliance in this special age group of patients. <h3>Purpose</h3> The aim of the study was to evaluate compliance of adolescent patients with local and systemic medication for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and to explore the possible causes of non-compliance. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Adolescent patients treated for acne vulgaris of varying severity in an outpatient paediatric dermatological department were included in the study. An interview was conducted with the patients, using a structured questionnaire, consisting of 32 questions. Further medical history was taken from the medical records. <h3>Results</h3> 213 adolescent patients (122 males and 91 females) were included in the study; mean age was 15.63 ± 2.22 years (mean±SD). Average time between first symptoms occurring and visiting a dermatologist was 1.77 years. A significant number of the patients did not follow the dosing and medicine taking instructions recommended by the doctor. 73.2% applied the local products less frequently and 56.2% took the medicines less often than recommended. In order to attempt to achieve a faster remission, a very small number of them took the medicine more often or applied the local treatment more frequently. Due to side effects, it was necessary to terminate the medication in 9.3% of cases. 42.3% of patients did not return to at least one control visit. 7.6% of patients did not redeem the prescription for financial reasons. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Examination and exploration of factors leading to inappropriate patient compliance can provide important help for improving compliance and the development of an efficiently working acne caring system, which in the long run can result in the achievement of more successful treatment. No conflict of interest.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How sex changed: a history of transsexuality in the United States

How Sex Changed is a fascinating social, cultural and medical history of transsexuality in the United States. Joanne Meyerowitz tells a powerful human story about people who had a deep and unshakable desire to transform their bodily sex. In the last century when many challenged the social categories and hierarchies of race, class and gender, transsexuals questioned biological sex itself, the category that seemed most fundamental and fixed of all. From early 20th-century sex experiments in Europe, to the saga of Christine Jorgensen, whose change surgery made headlines in 1952, to today's growing transgender movement, Meyerowitz gives us the first serious history of transsexuality. She focuses on the stories of transsexual men and women themselves, as well as a large supporting cast of doctors, scientists, journalists, lawyers, judges, feminists and gay liberationists, as they debated the big questions of medical ethics, nature versus nurture, self and society, and the scope of human rights. In this story of transsexuality, Meyerowitz shows how new definitions of sex circulated in popular culture, science, medicine and the law, and she elucidates the tidal shifts in our social, moral and medical beliefs over the 20th century, away from sex as an evident biological certainty and toward an understanding of sex as something malleable and complex. How Sex Changed is an intimate story that illuminates the very changes that shape our understanding of sex, gender and sexuality today.

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Biotechnological approaches in strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) breeding

Arbutus unedo L. (Strawberry tree) belongs to Ericaceae family, is an evergreen shrub or tree, mostly known around Mediterranean region in natural habitat, has valuable medicinal and aromatic properties. The plant is mainly used for its edible fruits. In addition, A. unedo have increasing importance in afforestration programmes, beekeeping facilities, ornamental purposes and elucidating plant physiology. Therefore, the species is seemingly a promising fruit plant. Orchards are very limited but increasing demand to the plant will result in initiations of establishment new fruit orchards with superior genotypes viz. tolerant to the abiotic stress, resistant to pests and diseases, rich contents in terms of valuable compounds, convenience to postharvest operations, being visually preferable and suitable to target climate. Plant breeding is an important component to overcome elimination of unwanted features and to reach admirable characters. The main steps in breeding are effective selection, succesfully adaptation and inheritance via transferring the features to subsequent generations. Studies on A. unedo breeding via biotechnological approaches were reviewed. In A. unedo breeding, only few biotechnological techniques have used in all known for the purposes especially for selection and propagation of the determined best type. The mostly used biotechniques for A. unedo were consantrated on in vitro propagation and fingerprint analyses to determine genetic diversity and the favourite genotypes wherein the population with compared with pomological features for help in breeding programme

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings for Surgical Implants

This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel forgings for surgical implants. Materials for forgings shall be bars or wire and shall be forged by hammering, pressing, rolling, extruding, or upsetting. The material shall comply with the manufacturing procedure, chemical composition, mechanical requirements, and test methods indicated in this specification. Mechanical testing includes tension, tensile, elongation, and hardness tests. Special tests shall also be done such as corrosion tests, grain size, and fluorescent penetrant inspection.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Downstream flow condition effects on the RR → MR transition of asymmetric shock waves in steady flows

In this paper, the regular reflection (RR) to Mach reflection (MR) transition of asymmetric shock waves is theoretically studied by employing the classical two- and three-shock theories. Computations are conducted to evaluate the effects of expansion fans, which are inherent flow structures in asymmetric reflection of shock waves, on the RR → MR transition. Comparison shows good agreement among the theoretical, numerical and experimental results. Some discrepancies between experiment and theory reported in previous studies are also explained based on the present theoretical analysis. The advanced RR → MR transition triggered by a transverse wave is also discussed for the interaction of a hypersonic flow and a double-wedge-like geometry.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences