jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Lake Sediment, Duck Feces, and Duck Meat

ABSTRACT The persistence of 3 low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) (H4N6, H5N1, and H6N8) and one human influenza virus (H1N1) as well as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and enteric cytopathogenic bovine orphan (ECBO) virus was investigated in lake sediment, duck feces, and duck meat at 30, 20, 10, and 0°C using a germ carrier technique. Virus-loaded germ carriers were incubated in each substrate, and residual infectivity of the eluted virus was quantified on cell culture after regular intervals for a maximum of 24 weeks. Data were analyzed by a linear regression model to calculate T 90 values (time required for 90% loss of virus infectivity) and estimated persistence of the viruses. In general, the persistence of all of the viruses was highest in lake sediment, followed by feces, and was the lowest in duck meat at all temperatures. For the avian influenza virus subtypes, T 90 values in sediment ranged from 5 to 11, 13 to 18, 43 to 54, and 66 to 394 days at 30, 20, 10, and 0°C, respectively, which were 2 to 5 times higher than the T 90 values of the viruses in the feces and meat. Although the individual viruses vary in tenacity, the survival time of influenza viruses was shorter than that of NDV and ECBO virus in all substrates. The results of this study suggest that lake sediment may act as a long-term source of influenza viruses in the aquatic habitat, while the viruses may remain infectious for extended periods of time in duck feces and meat at low temperatures, allowing persistence of the viruses in the environment over winter.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Meet Your President: Michael W. Fried, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D.

1Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO * Address Correspondence and Reprint Requests to: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine 3635 Vista Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 E‐mail: [email protected] Tel.: +1‐314‐577‐8764

Topic: Diverticular Disease and Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘To Boldly Go Where No Psychologist Has Gone Before”: Effects of Participation in Fandom Activities on Parasocial Relationships

The aim of the current research was to observe the effect that participating in fandom activities had on parasocial relationships. Research suggests that people who participate in fandom activities may feel excluded from society and experience loneliness; this is linked to symptoms of mental illness. It was further suggested that fan people often view fandom as a religion or way of life and that they are capable of forming relationships in their fandoms that mimic traditional social relationships so as to provide the same benefits. The data in this study comprised of twenty-three female participants who formed a targeted sample. They were asked to rate the intensity of their main parasocial relationship before and after they began participating in fandom activities, as well as asking the nature and frequency of which they participated in these behaviours. The data from the first set of questions was analysed using a Pearson’s Correlation, the second section, concerned with qualitative data was analysed using Thematic Analysis. Strengths and limitations of the research were discussed as well as practical applications and possible future research avenues.

Topic: Media Influence and Health
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
International placements increase the cultural sensitivity and competency of allied health students: a quantitative and qualitative study

Background and Purpose. Effective health care requires cultural sensitivity and cultural competency, which are vital aspects of a health professional’s background. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a difference occurs in cultural sensitivity pre- and post-international clinical placement. Participants. Seventeen final-year health professions students were recruited from Curtin University of Technology for this study. Methods. Participants attended a 4-week placement in China or India. Social demographic information included previous intercultural experience, prior language study, and intercultural friendship. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) measured cultural sensitivity pre- and post-placement and was analysed using the paired sample t test. Experiences and reflections of participants were obtained using a guided learning journal; qualitative data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. Results. Overall IDI developmental scores (mean -4.31, 95% CI -9.55 to 0.93) and individual scale scores increased but did not reach statistical significance except for the Acceptance/Adaptation scale (mean -0.34, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.04). Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis suggesting development of cultural sensitivity: increased vigilance and adaptation to environment, uncertainty and anticipation, grappling with supremacy, recognizing and appreciating differences, and cultural immersion and development. Discussion and Conclusion. International placements increase the cultural sensitivity and competency of health professions students. Future studies should explore variables that will further enhance these cultural attributes in health professionals.

Topic: Cultural Competency in Health Care
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The boundary analog of the Carathéodory-Schur interpolation problem

Characterization of Schur-class functions (analytic and bounded by one in modulus on the open unit disk) in terms of their Taylor coefficients at the origin is due to I. Schur. We present a boundary analog of this result: necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a Schur-class function with the prescribed nontangential boundary expansion $f(z)=s_0+s_1(z-t_0)+\ldots+s_N(z-t_0)^N+o(|z-t_0|^N)$ at a given point $t_0$ on the unit circle.

Topic: Holomorphic and Operator Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
ProctorU in a New Online Minor in Health Psychology

The University of Minnesota Department of Psychology is developing an online minor in Health Psychology. The minor will consist of three required tool courses and several elective content courses. All of them share a problem delivering courses online—how best to create and deliver exams. In a poster presentation, we describe our experimentation with the online test proctoring service ProctorU to deliver mid-semester and final exams. First, we will briefly describe our online minor and attendees will learn how the Department approached its design. Second, we will demonstrate how ProctorU works for those not familiar with it. And third, we will report collection and analysis of three semesters of data from exams administered through ProctorU in five completely online offerings of Abnormal Psychology, Psychology of Learning, and History of Psychology. Attendees will learn about our approach and the tentative conclusions we have reached from our research on this issue.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Constituent elements of the nursing consultation in the pre-natal care in the view of the pregnant women

Objective: to investigate the constituent elements of the nursing consultation in the prenatal care, in the view of the pregnant women. Methods: a qualitative study, undertaken based on semistructured interviews with 95 pregnant women. The samples were chosen by intentional criteria, until theoretical data saturation took place at 25 interviews, which were processed using the ALCESTE software. The participants undertook intercalated prenatal consultations between the nurse and physician. Results: the conduct undertaken in the first prenatal consultation related to arranging tests and the prescription of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, evidencing the importance of attending the consultations. Furthermore, the discourses are based on advice for general care and the filling out of the ‘pregnant woman’s card’. Conclusion: based on the view of the pregnant women who participated, it was possible to identify that the nursing consultation in the prenatal period was based in technical procedures. Emphasis was placed on the providing of information, but it was not possible to identify feedback on this.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 3470: Effects of combined phytochemicals on skin tumorgenesis in SENCAR mice

Abstract The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of combined action of phytochemicals on early stages of skin tumorgenesis, i.e., initiation and promotion. We tested calcium D-glucarate (CG) given in the diet, while resveratrol (RES) and ursolic acid (URA) were applied topically. The 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted multistage skin carcinogenesis model in SENCAR mice was used. Mice (6-7 weeks old) with shaved backs received one topical dose of DMBA (20 nmol), then after one month, two weekly doses (2 µg each) of TPA (tumor promoter) for 14 weeks until sacrifice. The phytochemicals RES (2.5 μmol) or URA (1 μmol) were applied topically 20 min prior to DMBA or TPA treatment and 2% dietary CG was given in the AIN-93G diet from 2 weeks prior to 2 weeks after the DMBA dose or continually beginning 2 weeks prior to the first dose of TPA. We determined the tumor incidence (% of mice with tumors) and tumor multiplicity (number of tumors per mouse) and using RT-PCR and immunochistochemical analyses, we checked the expression of some cell proliferation and inflammation related genes. URA applied alone and in combination with CG during the promotion stage was a strong inhibitor of tumor multiplicity and tumor incidence. Combinations of URA with dietary CG appeared to show some synergistic effects. All compounds and their combinations reduced epidermal proliferation, but only URA and a combination CG/URA applied during promotion significantly reduced hyperplasia, as determined by epidermal thickness measurements taken at 14 weeks of TPA treatment. DMBA/TPA treatments resulted in epidermal hyperplasia, characterized by significant increase in transcription factor AP-1 components and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) expression levels with a simultaneously increased expression of the inflammation markers COX-2 and IL-6, compared to untreated controls. All anti-promotion treatments (either single compounds or their combinations) caused a marked decrease of inflammation related genes levels compared to the DMBA/TPA control. On the other hand, only URA and URA with dietary CG diminished the induced expression of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos (components of AP-1) and the expression of NFkB protein p50. These results show that URA is a potent inhibitor of skin tumor promotion and it may be useful in the prevention of skin cancer and other epithelial cancers in humans. Supported by NIH grants CA 102747 and P30 CA 54174-16S1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3470.

Topic: Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sussita, Survey of the Southern Golan

In 2005-2007 and 2014-2016, a survey was conducted in the southern Golan Heights (License Nos. G-72/2005, G-71/2006, G-74/2006, G-75/2006, G-82/2007, G-84/2007, G-88/2007, S-515/2014, G-89/2015, S-611/2015, G-61/2016, G-79/2016, G-80/2016, S-673/2016; map ref. 2590-802/7324-513), for the purpose of reconstructing the settlement history in this region at the end of the Second Temple period and in the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods. The survey, performed as part of a study of the territory of Sussita in the Roman period, on behalf of Bar Ilan University and financed by the Institute of Archaeology at Bar Ilan University, Koschitzky Fund, Krauthammer Cathedra and Moskowitz Cathedra, was directed by S. Fridman (pottery reading), with the assistance of D. Adan-Bayewitz and H. Ben-David (scientific guidance), D. Amit and B. Zissu (identification of stone vessels), Y. Dray (metal detection and cleaning of coins), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), M. Eisenberg and A. Karasik (pottery drawing) and N. Katsnelson (glass). Students from the Kinneret College and Bar-Ilan University, together with pupils from the religious high school in Haspin, participated in the survey.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability Analysis of Pricing Competition in Retail Electricity Market: On Impact of Bounded Rationality

This paper investigates retail competition in an electricity market with multiple retailers. After reviewing an existing Stackelberg game theoretic market model with a single retailer, we present a novel dynamical retail market model with two competitive retailers and multiple consumers. In the model, the process that consumers choose either of retailers to be contracted with is modeled by a discrete choice model, called logit model. We then analyze the equilibria of the dynamical system and their stability, mainly from the view point on how bounded rationality of the consumers affects the results. Finally, we verify the presented analytical results by bifurcation diagrams.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Discharge Estimation From Dense Arrays of Pressure Transducers

In situ river discharge estimation is a critical component of studying rivers. A dominant method for establishing discharge monitoring in situ is a temporary gauge, which uses a rating curve to relate stage to discharge. However, this approach is constrained by cost and the time to develop the stage-discharge rating curve, as rating curves rely on numerous flow measurements at high and low stages. Here, we offer a novel alternative approach to traditional temporary gauges: estimating Discharge via Arrays of Pressure Transducers (DAPT). DAPT uses a Bayesian discharge algorithm developed for the upcoming Surface Water Ocean Topography satellite (SWOT) to estimate in situ discharge from automated water surface elevation measurements. We conducted sensitivity tests over 4,954 model runs on five gauged rivers and conclude that the DAPT method can robustly reproduce discharge with an average Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.79 and Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 0.78. Further, we find that the DAPT method estimates discharge similarly to an idealized temporary gauge created from the same input data (NSE differences of less than 0.1), and that results improve significantly with accurate priors. Finally, we test the DAPT method in nine poorly gauged rivers in a realistic and complex field setting in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, and show that the DAPT method largely outperforms a temporary gauge in this time and budget constrained setting. We therefore recommend DAPT as an effective tool for in situ discharge estimation in cases where there is not enough time or resources to develop a temporary gauge.

Topic: Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hospitals need specialist inpatient adolescent units

Arecently published document on the care of young people in hospital (Viner and Keane, 1998) makes depressing reading as it highlights the lamentable situation of adolescent provision of care in British hospitals — only 8% of health authorities contain adolescent provider units in their hospitals.

Topic: Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Smoking and Decreased Fertilisation Rates in Vitro

ROSEVEAR, SYLVIA K.; HOLT, DAVID W.; LEE, TERRY D.; L. FORD, W. CHRISTOPHER; WARDLE, PETER G.; HULL, MICHAEL G. R.Author Information

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mortality and Work Conditions: A Retrospective Follow-up Assessment of the Effects of Work Conditions on the Mortality of Male Employees in the Manufacturing Industry

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted to investigate the effects of work conditions on mortality. Mortality rates among male employees aged 40-60 years in the Japanese steel industry were calculated for separate work condition factors, such as job site location (parent company or subsidiary company), job category (white-collar or blue-collar) and work schedule (day work or shift work). Odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the independent effects of work condition factors on mortality using a logistic regression method. Death certificates and demographic statistics, 1991-1995, from the annual personnel reports of the employees which had been compiled and preserved by the company, were utilized. There were 19,642 employees in April, 1991, and 171 deaths and 76,761.7 person-years were observed. No work condition factors were associated with the mortality rates. Selection bias was speculated from the findings. Since there is a thorough medical checkup system at this company, the employees identified with serious health problems would probably already have been excluded as potential candidates for transferring to subsidiaries or for work schedule changes. These findings and the interpretation were consistent with those of other reports which have been conducted in Japanese industrial fields. Mortality was not an appropriate indicator for assessing health risks in the occupational environment, but it reflects the real status of health care management. Through careful interpretation it has been suggested that there is a possibility that past health care work conditions activity can be accessed.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Recovery of Degraded Urochloa Pasture: Effects of Polyhalite on Dry Mass Accumulation and Macronutrient Dynamics

Grasslands cover more than 25% of the Earth’s surface and play essential ecological roles, such as forage production, supporting pollinators, and carbon sequestration. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of a degraded pasture of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk through aerial dry mass production, plant height, and foliar macronutrients concentration and uptake after fertilization with polyhalite. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research, and Extension Farm of the School of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, UNESP—Dracena Campus, in a dystrophic red–yellow latosol soil. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments included the following: (T1) control, (T2) N + P + liming, (T3) T2 + 30 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), (T4) T2 + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), (T5) T2 + 60 (30 + 30) kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), and (T6) 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite). The treatment with N + P + liming + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite) resulted in 93% more dry mass production when compared with the control treatment. This treatment was most effective for grassland recovery, whereas polyhalite alone was ineffective. Tissue N and S concentrations increased as a result of the addition of N + P + liming + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite).

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Eye Movements and Abducens Motoneuron Behavior During Cholinergically Induced REM Sleep

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The injection of cholinergic drugs in the pons has been largely used to induce REM sleep as a useful model to study different processes during this period. In the present study, microinjections of carbachol in the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (NRPO) were performed to test the hypothesis that eye movements and the behavior of extraocular motoneurons during induced REM sleep do not differ from those during spontaneous REM sleep. METHODS: Six female adult cats were prepared for chronic recording of eye movements (by means of the search-coil technique) and electroencephalography, electromyography, ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves at the lateral geniculate nucleus, and identified abducens motoneuron activities after microinjections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the NRPO. RESULTS: Unilateral microinjections (n = 13) of carbachol in the NRPO induced REM sleep-like periods in which the eyes performed a convergence and downward rotation interrupted by phasic complex rapid eye movements associated to PGO waves. During induced-REM sleep abducens motoneurons lost their tonic activity and eye position codification, but continued codifying eye velocity during the burst of eye movements. CONCLUSION: The present results show that eye movements and the underlying behavior of abducens motoneurons are very similar to those present during natural REM sleep. Thus, microinjection of carbachol seems to activate the structures responsible for the exclusive oculomotor behavior observed during REM sleep, validating this pharmacological model and enabling a more efficient exploration of phasic and tonic phenomena underlying eye movements during REM sleep. CITATION: Marquez-Ruiz J; Escudero M. Eye movements and abducens motoneuron behavior during cholinergically induced REM sleep. SLEEP 2009;32(4):471–481.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Adaptive Polar-Grid Gaussian-Mixture Model for Foreground Segmentation Using Roadside LiDAR

Roadside LiDAR has become an important sensor for the detection of objects in cities, such as vehicles and pedestrians, which is due to its advantages of all-weather operation and high-ranging accuracy. In order to serve an intelligent transportation system, the efficient and accurate segmentation of vehicles and pedestrians is needed in the coverage area of the LiDAR. In this study, a roadside LiDAR was fixed on brackets on both sides of the road to obtain the point-cloud information on the urban road and the surrounding environment. A segmentation method that is based on a scanning LiDAR sensor is proposed. First, a polar grid that is based on polar coordinates is constructed to count the LiDAR rotations to obtain the original information of the angle and the distance of the point cloud, and the background point-cloud image is dynamically updated over time. By aiming at the complex urban road environment and the interference of trees and light poles in the background, an adaptive polar-grid Gaussian-mixture model (APG-GMM) that uses a point-cloud method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the foreground and background segmentation. A density-adaptive DBSCAN target-clustering algorithm is proposed, as well as a dynamic adaptive neighborhood radius, to solve the problem of the low clustering accuracy that is caused by the uneven density of point clouds that are collected by LiDAR, and to divide the point clouds in the foreground into vehicles and pedestrians. Finally, the method was tested at intersections and urban roads with dense traffic flows. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can segment the foreground and background well and can cluster vehicles and pedestrians while reducing the number of calculations and the time complexity.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences