jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE ALLANTOIN TREATMENT OF ULCERS

Chronic, stubborn, nonhealing ulcers of the leg constitute one of the most annoying conditions that the profession is called on to treat. A superficial ulcer often develops into a deep one involving the subcutaneous tissues and even resulting in a periostitis of the underlying bone. The usual accepted treatment for this type of ulcer has included rest in bed, wet dressings, various ointments and lotions, skin grafts, excision of necrotic areas, adhesive strapping over ulcerated areas, and injection of varicose veins. These traditional approaches to healing, however, have in many cases been unsatisfactory and have failed often to effect a cure. In view of the fact that there is not, as yet, a satisfactory specified method of treating these stubborn and nonhealing wounds, I am suggesting the use of allantoin. Allantoin has been found to have the same effects on surgical wounds as maggots; namely, the removal of infected material

Topic: Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 is degraded by the 20S proteasome in vitro but not in cellulo

Ubiquitin-independent protein degradation via the 20S proteasome without the 19S regulatory particle has gained increasing attention over the last years. The degradation of the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 by the 20S proteasome was investigated in this study. We found that FAT10 was rapidly degraded by purified 20S proteasomes in vitro, which was attributed to the weak folding of FAT10 and the N-terminally disordered tail. To confirm our results in cellulo, we established an inducible RNA interference system in which the AAA-ATPase Rpt2 of the 19S regulatory particle is knocked down to impair the function of the 26S proteasome. Using this system, degradation of FAT10 in cellulo was strongly dependent on functional 26S proteasome. Our data indicate that in vitro degradation studies with purified proteins do not necessarily reflect biological degradation mechanisms occurring in cells and, therefore, cautious data interpretation is required when 20S proteasome function is studied in vitro.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identification of Missing Carbon Fixation Enzymes as Potential Drug Targets in <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i>

Abstract Metabolic adaptation to the host environment has been recognized as an essential mechanism of pathogenicity and the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) in the lungs for decades. The Mtb uses CO 2 as a source of carbon during the dormant or non-replicative state. However, there is a lack of biochemical knowledge of its metabolic networks. In this study, we investigated the CO 2 fixation pathways (such as ko00710 and ko00720) most likely involved in the energy production and conversion of CO 2 in Mtb . Extensive pathway evaluation of 23 completely sequenced strains of Mtb confirmed the existence of a complete list of genes encoding the relevant enzymes of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. This provides the evidence that an rTCA cycle may function to fix CO 2 in this bacterium. We also proposed that as CO 2 is plentiful in the lungs, inhibition of CO 2 fixation pathways (by targeting the relevant CO 2 fixation enzymes) could be used in the expansion of new drugs against the dormant Mtb . In support of the suggested hypothesis, the CO 2 fixation enzymes were confirmed as a potential drug target by analyzing a number of attributes necessary to be a good bacterial target.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub>-Mediated Carbamoylation of Aryl Halides

A simple method for the synthesis of amides has been developed by molybdenum-mediated carbamoylation of aryl halides. Whereas the conventional palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction requires a large excess of gaseous carbon monoxide, the incorporation of carbon monoxide in this Mo-mediated carbamoylation reaction is so efficient that it requires only a slight excess amount of carbon monoxide in the form of its molybdenum complex, Mo(CO)(6). The reaction is applicable for the synthesis of a wide variety of not only secondary and tertiary amides but also primary amides by using aqueous ammonia.

Topic: Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Financing Health Care: Economic Efficiency and Equity

Other| April 01 1988 Financing Health Care: Economic Efficiency and Equity Steven Eastaugh, Financing Health Care: Economic Efficiency and Equity (Dover: Auburn House, 1987). Keith J. Mueller Keith J. Mueller Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google J Health Polit Policy Law (1988) 13 (2): 386–388. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-13-2-386 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Keith J. Mueller; Financing Health Care: Economic Efficiency and Equity. J Health Polit Policy Law 1 April 1988; 13 (2): 386–388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-13-2-386 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1988 by Duke University Press1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of Japanese Texture Terms by Analyzing Relationships with Various Kinds of Foods

日本語テクスチャー用語445語と食物名の関係を明らかにすること,また,テクスチャー用語間の親近性や語彙構造を確認することを目的として,訓練された分析型パネルを評価者として質問紙調査および解析を行い,以下の結果を得た.

Topic: Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Technological Change in Assessing Economics: A Cautionary Welcome

The use of computer-based automated assignment systems in economics has expanded significantly in recent years. The most widely used system is Aplia which was developed by Paul Romer in 2000. Aplia is a computer application designed to replace traditional paper-based assignments in economics. The main features of Aplia are: (1) interactive content including problem sets, experiments and news analysis; (2) digital editions of a textbook; (3) assignment sets that are customised to specific textbooks; and (4) immediate feedback for both students and instructors. Its ability to present the dynamics of diagrams and graphs is critical to its use in economics. This paper analyses the effectiveness of Aplia and traditional paper-based assignments and tutorials using summative assessment results. The analysis is based on a managerial economics course that was taught to over 380 students at NUI Galway in the first semester of 2008-09. The course was designed so that each student was required to complete eight assignments for 25% m arks available for the course. They completed six of the eight assignments by Aplia and the remaining two by paper. The final exam was organised into eight sections with each section corresponding to a particular assignment. Our basic test is to examine whether a student's performance in a particular section of the exam is affected by whether the student completed the corresponding assignment on paper or online. We also examined if how the student performed on a particular assignment, regardless of the type, predicted how well they did on the corresponding examination question. We found little statistical evidence in support of either hypothesis

Topic: Innovations in Educational Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Technology enhanced learning and plagiarism in entrepreneurship education

Purpose This paper seeks to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship students' ethical views on plagiarism, their self reported engagement in plagiarism and their participation in an online plagiarism prevention tutorial. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a questionnaire administered to 434 undergraduate university entrepreneurship students, combining self‐reported data with behavioural measures. Findings The results illustrate that more than one online plagiarism prevention tutorial is required to change self‐reported views relating to engagement in plagiarism, perception of peer participation in plagiarism and students' ethical views. However, it should be noted that even such a small intervention demonstrates an observable difference in students' capacity to recognise a case of verbatim plagiarism as an academic breach in practice. Research limitations/implications The research demonstrates that educators should focus on good educational design, educating students regarding plagiarism prevention while making use of technology enhanced learning, instead of considering e‐learning choices as a quick solution to plagiarism. Originality/value The paper focuses on an emerging aspect of plagiarism education, that is, the use of technology enhanced learning. While acknowledging the potential of technology enhanced learning in plagiarism prevention the paper notes that plagiarism prevention should be embedded in the curriculum rather than addressed in an ad‐hoc manner.

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biopolymer-Based Hard Carbons: Correlations between Properties and Performance as a Na-Ion Battery Anode

The relationship between the properties of hard carbon (HC) and its performance as an anode in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is not well understood. To address this issue, five HCs were synthesized from different biopolymer precursors by direct pyrolysis at 1500 °C. The reversible capacity was found to increase with increasing graphitic interlayer spacing (d002) and active surface area (ASA). The capacity coming from the plateau region predominantly contributes to the reversible capacity and linearly correlates to the interlayer spacing. A relationship between the reversible and plateau capacity with the closed porosity was established as well, i.e., a higher capacity is obtained when the fraction of closed pores is lower. These insightful correlations suggest an "adsorption–insertion" Na-ion storage mechanism. The initial Coulombic efficiency (iCE) proved more challenging to correlate with HC features. This can be linked to the distinct properties of the materials, known to affect the iCE (i.e., surface surface area, chemical composition, defects, etc.), thus leading to very similar iCE values (86–89% for most materials). Moreover, the HCs proposed herein deliver high performance. Cellulose-derived HC exhibits an iCE of ∼87%, a reversible capacity of ∼309 mA h–1, and good retention after 50 cycles (∼95%). The starch-rice and starch-potato HCs have performance comparable to that of the cellulose HC, while lignin and chitosan HCs deliver slightly lower performance. Rate capability tests at high C-rates demonstrates very robust materials, with high capacity retention when increasing the C-rate from C/10 to 5C (∼90%).

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Novel Quantum Genetic Algorithm in TSP

In this paper a novel quantum genetic algorithm (NQGA) introducing the crossover and mutation operations is proposed, and the algorithm is used to solve the TSP in MATLAB. Compared with the traditional Quantum genetic algorithm(QGA),NQGA is better in the global searching ability.

Topic: Advanced Sensor and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CROSS–BORDER MERGERS – THE CONCEPT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION INTO THE LEGAL ORDER OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC CEZHRANIČNÉ ZLÚČENIE ALEBO SPLYNUTIE

Abstract Cross-border mergers are regulated by the Directive 2005/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on crossborder mergers of limited liability companies. This article deals with the issue of cross-border mergers of limited liability companies within the internal market of the European Union, more precisely it analyzes the question of the concept of a cross-border merger under the European Union law and its implementation into the national legal order of the Slovak Republic. The legal definition of a cross-border merger under the European Union law comprises three key conditions that must be met cumulatively: cross-border merger is applicable only for a business company formed in accordance with the law of an EU Member State, having its registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the Community, and at the same time business company must be in an eligible legal form and a cross-border element must be given.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Light-absorbing and Scattering Properties of Nonhaemolysed Blood

Light transmission by thin films of nonhaemolysed blood is affected by the multiple scattering that occurs in undiluted blood. Previous studies did not permit investigation in terms of a light-scattering theory. The present study was made with an integrating-sphere spectrophotometer. Application of Twersky's theory for the multiple scattering of waves permitted separation of the effects of absorption and scattering on the light transmittance of nonhaemolysed blood. It is shown that the relationship between light scattering and red-cell concentration is parabolic and that the absorption of light within the erythrocyte is the same as in a haemoglobin solution.

Topic: Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structure and Dynamics of Peptide−Amphiphiles Incorporating Triple-Helical Proteinlike Molecular Architecture

Organized polymeric assemblies that incorporate bioactive sequences and structures are finding important applications for the study of protein structure-function relationships. We have recently described a heteropolymeric peptide-amphiphile system that forms organized structures in solution and on surfaces. While the overall three-dimensional features of peptide-amphiphiles have been studied previously, the precise environment of specific residues, particularly those within biologically active regions, have not been examined in detail. In the present study, we have used heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and inverse-detected 1H-15N NMR spectroscopy to examine the structure and dynamics of a peptide and peptide-amphiphile that incorporate the alpha1(IV)1263-1277 ([IV-H1]) amino acid sequence from type IV collagen. Three variants of the sequence (Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-[IV-H1]-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4 were constructed with a single 15N-labeled Gly placed in the middle of the N-terminal (Gly-Pro-Hyp)4 region (residue Gly7), in the middle of the [IV-H1] sequence (residue Gly19), or in the middle of the C-terminal (Gly-Pro-Hyp)4 region (residue Gly34). These peptides were also N-terminally acylated with hexanoic acid to create an analogous series of 15N-labeled peptide-amphiphiles. HSQC spectra indicated that both the peptide and the peptide-amphiphile were in triple-helical conformation at low temperature, supporting prior circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic results. The intensities of the triple-helical cross-peaks were stronger for the peptide-amphiphile, consistent with an enhanced triple-helical thermal stability within the peptide-amphiphile construct compared to that of the peptide alone. Relative relaxation values for the peptide-amphiphile monomeric and trimeric species were consistent with those reported previously for other triple-helical peptides. Relaxation measurements indicated that the triple-helical [IV-H1] region did not appear to be dramatically more flexible than the Gly-Pro-Hyp regions. The angle between Gly N-H bonds and the helix dyad axis, determined from the relaxation data, was within the range expected for triple helices. Overall, the peptide headgroup of the C6-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-[IV-H1]-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4 peptide-amphiphile appears to form a continuous triple helix that behaves similarly, in a dynamic sense, to a triple-helical peptide. The enhanced thermal stability of the peptide-amphiphile compared to the analogous triple-helical peptide, along with the multitude of organized structures formed by lipidlike compounds, suggest that peptide-amphiphiles could be utilized as targeted liposomes, sensors, receptors, or enzymes.

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Endoscopic and histopathological findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with functional and organic dyspepsia].

Regardless of the severity of lesions of the upper GI endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia, it is advisable to take biopsy from the gastric and duodenal mucosa, which allows for an individualized management of these patients. Celiac disease should be considered in the diagnosis of the causes of dyspepsia. Further studies of microscopic duodenitis in patients with dyspepsia are needed.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Proximal Opening Wedge Osteotomy: A Review of the Evidence and Technique

The treatment of symptomatic, moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformities offers numerous challenges to the foot and ankle surgeon. Many surgical procedures have been described for the correction of metatarsus primus varus with moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity. For the larger deformity, surgeons typically turn toward a shaft or basilar osteotomy or opt for a Lapidus-type procedure. The proximal opening wedge osteotomy has become popular with the recent development of specifically designed, low-profile, opening wedge, proximal metatarsal systems. Despite initial success and popularity, a reported 3% to 11% recurrence rate has been described in the literature. In this paper, we review the evidence, our indications, contraindications, technique, and pearls for success. We believe that the proximal opening wedge osteotomy technique provides excellent correction, is technically reproducible, easy to perform, and should be an option in every surgeon’s toolbox. As techniques continue to evolve, we have added a closing wedge or distal biplanar osteotomy in those cases presenting with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle, to better achieve an isometric correction of the first metatarsal and prevent a late recurrence. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplemental Figure S7 from Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S7 describes that oxidative stress in microglia as an independent predictor for clinical outcome in glioma patients.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Saponification Method for Rosin Esters

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaponification Method for Rosin EstersA. E. Johnson and R. V. LawrenceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 8, 1345–1346Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60104a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
How do people judge moral wrongness in a robot and in its designers and owners regarding the consequences of the robot's behaviors?

An investigation was conducted into how people judge moral wrongness in a robot and in its designers and owners regarding the consequence of the robot's behaviors in the trolley problem and into how people judge moral wrongness in a human and the employers of the human. As a result, the participants seemed to apply the same moral norm to the human and robot, while they applied a different moral norm to the employers of the human and designers/owners of the robot; that is, the designers/owners of the robot received higher rates of moral wrongness compared with the employers of the human even though the human and the robot behaved the same. Moreover, this result suggests that moral wrongness would be assigned to all three (robot, designers, owners) when the robot takes an action, while it would blur among them when it did not. The results of these investigations will contribute toward the new research field of "moral HRI," which can provide a concrete guide for future robotic design.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Social Life of Females with Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms: A Qualitative Study

Persistent COVID-19 symptoms (long COVID) may bring challenges to long haulers' social lives. Females may endure more profound impacts given their special social roles and existing structural inequality. This study explores the effects of long COVID on the social life of female long haulers. We conducted semi-structured interviews via Zoom between April and June 2021 with 15 female long haulers in the United States, purposely recruited from Facebook and Slack groups and organization websites related to long COVID. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim with consent. The interview data were managed using MAXQDA and examined by thematic analysis. Long COVID negatively affected female long haulers' social lives by causing physical limitations, economic issues, altered social relationships, social roles' conflicts, and social stigma. Long COVID prevented female long haulers' recovery process. Physical limitations altered their perceptions on body, and family-work conflicts caused tremendous stress. They also experienced internalized stigma and job insecurities. This study provides insights into challenges that COVID-19 female long haulers could face in their return to normal social life, underscoring the vulnerability of females affected by long COVID due to significant alterations in their social lives. Shifting to new methods of communication, especially social media, diminished the adverse effects of long COVID (e.g., social isolation).

Topic: Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences