jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Saint Ezequiel Moreno Díaz: “Liberalism is a sin”. Ultramontane Catholicism in Colombia

This article provides a historical reconstruction of the period of time during which Ezequiel Moreno Diaz, who is now considered a saint in the Catholic Church, served as bishop of Pasto, in an attempt to characterize him, based on his pastoral sermons and writings, as the greatest exponent of ultramontane Catholicism in Colombia.

Topic: History and Politics in Latin America
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Will the evolution of overactive bladder delivery systems increase patient compliance?

The negative impact of overactive bladder (OAB) on daily quality of life drives the large market of pharmacotherapy targeted at symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urinary urge incontinence. Currently, the primary pharmacologic treatment modality is aimed at modulation of the efferent muscarinic receptors (M2 and M3) predominant in detrusor smooth muscle and responsible for involuntary or unwanted bladder contractions. However, due to drug effects in the muscarinic receptors of the salivary glands and intestinal smooth muscle, as well as extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract yielding parent drug metabolites, adverse side effects are common and can be quite bothersome. These issues, encountered with many of the oral antimuscarinic formulations, limit their tolerability and affect long-term patient compliance and satisfaction. Thus, the benefit of pharmacotherapy for OAB must be a balance between efficacy and tolerability, also known as therapeutic index. This article reviews the current pharmacologic delivery systems available for the treatment of OAB, patient compliance, and reasons for discontinuation of medication.

Topic: Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Theoretical analysis of bottom reflected broadband waveforms

Bottom reflection of broadband waveforms from explosive sources leads to pulse distortion, including the presence of a precursor to the main pulse, a topic that goes back to the 1950s [Arons and Yennie, JASA 22, 231–237 (1950)). A theoretical analysis of broadband bottom reflection can provide valuable insights into observed waveform distortion and its dependence on the grazing angle and sediment properties. When the attenuation in the bottom can be approximated as varying linearly with frequency, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is independent of frequency, but with a common phase shift over positive frequencies (and with the opposite phase shift over negative frequencies). Combining these contributions leads to the pulse distortion . Variations of the sediment properties that cause the same phase shift at a given grazing angle produce the same pulse distortion. Conversely, inferring a phase shift from the pulse distortion can be used to place constraints on the inversion of sediment properties. Examples will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]

Topic: Underwater Acoustics Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
CircoTax: a novel circular representation of differentially abundant microbial ranks

<title>Abstract</title> One of the most relevant and widely used applications of NGS-based microbial abundance analysis is the discovery of taxa that appear as differentially represented between ecological niches. In the last 10 years several methods have been proposed to accomplish this task. All such analyses invariantly report the differentially represented taxa at the appropriate taxonomic rank as well as a p-value (usually adjusted for multiple testing) and a fold change, representing the confidence on differential call and the amount of variation recorded, usually in log scale, respectively. This work describes CircoTax, an R function implementing a specialized ggplot2 graph to represent a rank-aware collection of differentially abundant taxa in an intuitive and compact radial form. Specifically, the CircoTax builds a circular plot with sectors encoding the taxonomy depth (from kingdom to genus) and, departing from the center, a number of radial bars that reach the appropriate sector and whose color and transparency are proportional to the log fold change intensity and direction. In addition to the manageability in providing custom tables to plot, our implementation also integrates fast and user-friendly ancillary functions which automate both the differential analysis and the display of the results while leaving to the user the choice of further customizations. The visualization of results is both graphically appealing, allowing to accommodate tens of differentially abundant ranks, and biologically informative since the amount of variation, the direction and rank are easily intelligible for each differentially represented taxa at a glance.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery in Melanoma

Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resitant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles can be designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs administered parenterally with the emergence of nanotechnology, the use of nano-carriers is widely expected to alter the landscape of melanoma treatment multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanopicles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli respnsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
AGREEMENT AS A SPECIAL FORM OF PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEE'S LABOR RIGHTS

Despite the priority and fundamental importance of state protection in the field of labor, it should be recognized that its capabilities are objectively limited. This situation, in turn, is due to the diversity of social ties within the labor and closely related relationships, as well as the number of individual situations that occur in the field of labor. To address this issue, it was established that for this purpose and to ensure the harmonious functioning of labor relations, there is an institution of contractual protection. By its nature, such protection allows to take into account all individually specific aspects of working life in compliance with one condition – not to contradict the basic provisions of state protection and not to worsen the situation of the employee. Protection at the contractual level is implemented through one of the central and key institutions of labor law – the institution of the contract, and within the employment relationship is provided by the conclusion of collective and employment agreements. It has been studied that in the exercise of the right to protection of the employee during the performance of the labor function, the connection between working conditions, occupational safety at work and the state of health of employees should be established. Therefore, agreements and collective agreements should set out the main areas of work of the social partners in the field of labor protection, pursue a policy of safe and healthy working environment, by establishing a system of rights, responsibilities, responsibilities of government, employers and workers themselves. Protecting and prioritizing the safety and health of workers at work must be an important part of national labor policy and protection. It is established that for this purpose at the state and contractual levels it is necessary to provide for the implementation of a set of preventive measures aimed at preserving the health and lives of workers in the process of work, which will timely eliminate deficiencies in occupational safety and health and plan its development economic and social situation in the country. It should be noted that to address this issue, it is necessary to establish what factors and preconditions contributed to the emergence and active use of the contract as such in the field of labor law.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the <i>FOXP3</i> gene in a fetus with hydrops—Expanding the phenotype of IPEX syndrome

IPEX Syndrome is a well‐characterized, however rare, autoimmune condition primarily affecting males presenting with neonatal onset of severe diarrhea, diabetes, dermatitis, and other autoimmune symptoms. The gene responsible for this condition, FOXP3 , is important in the function of T‐regulatory cells which maintain tolerance to self‐antigens and are implicated in many autoimmune conditions. While females who carry FOXP3 mutations are typically asymptomatic, pregnancy loss of male fetuses in families with a history of IPEX syndrome has been noted. This loss is likely unrelated to the maternal carrier status, and rather related to pathogenic fetal autoimmunity. Fetal presentation of IPEX Syndrome has been recently reported in two families. Of the two reported probands, one had onset of severe intrauterine growth restriction and the second involved monochorionic diamniotic twins affected with fetal hydrops. Loss of male fetuses was noted in both families. We present a third family who suffered the loss of two male fetuses as a result of fetal hydrops of an unknown etiology. Whole Exome Sequencing on fetal remains following the second loss identified a novel nonsense mutation in the FOXP3 gene, which was inherited from the mother and subsequently confirmed in saved cells from the first pregnancy. These two cases further expand the fetal phenotype of IPEX Syndrome. While rare, IPEX syndrome should be another potential differential when considering the onset of unexplained hydrops in a male fetus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Systemic hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism

Abstract Introduction The increased risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of hormonal contraception is well recognized, but evidence regarding hormonal contraception containing natural estradiol is limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between the patterns of use of different systemic hormonal contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism during 2017–2019. Material and Methods All fertile‐aged women (15–49 years) living in Finland in 2017 and using hormonal contraception in 2017 and their 1:1 age‐ and residence‐matched controls not using hormonal contraception in 2017 (altogether 587 559 women) were selected from the Prescription Centre. All incident venous thromboembolism cases during 2018–2019 and their 4:1 age‐matched controls were further analyzed in a prospective nested case–control design to assess the associations between the use (starting, stopping, continuous vs no use) of different hormonal contraception types and venous thromboembolism. Results Altogether, 1334 venous thromboembolism cases occurred during the follow‐up period (incidence rate 1.14 per 1000 person‐years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.20), with an incidence rate ratio of hormonal contraception vs no hormonal contraception use of 1.42 (95% CI 1.27–1.58). Compared with non‐use, starting the use of gestodene and ethinylestradiol (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.85; 95% CI 1.62–5.03), drospirenone and ethinylestradiol (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 0.98–2.44), desogestrel and ethinylestradiol (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 0.99–3.92), and transdermal patch releasing norelgestromin and ethinylestradiol (aOR 5.10; 95% CI 1.12–23.16), as well as continuing the use of gestodene and ethinylestradiol (aOR 2.60; 95% CI 1.61–4.21), drospirenone and ethinylestradiol (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.02–2.37), cyproterone‐acetate and estrogen/ethinylestradiol (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06–2.61), and vaginal ring releasing etonogestrel and ethinylestradiol (aOR 3.27; 95% CI 1.95–5.48) were associated with venous thromboembolism risk. Regarding the type of estrogen, the highest risk was associated with current use (vs non use in the previous 180 days) of ethinylestradiol‐containing preparations (aOR 2.20; 95% CI 1.82–2.65), followed by estradiol‐containing preparations (aOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.04–1.87) with no risk for progestin‐only hormonal contraception. Current use of estradiol‐containing preparations was not associated with venous thromboembolism risk after exclusion of cyproterone‐acetate and estrogen/ethinylestradiol (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.66–1.66). Conclusions An increased risk of venous thromboembolism is associated with ethinylestradiol‐containing combined preparations. The use of estradiol‐containing combined preparations confers only a slightly increased risk, possibly driven by cyproterone‐containing combined oral contraceptives, whereas the use of progestin‐only contraception is not associated with venous thromboembolism.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Localized amyloidosis of the palate

Conflict of interest: none declared. Amyloidosis affecting the oral cavity tends to involve the buccal mucosa, tongue and gingivae. Involvement of the palate is rare, with only six cases in the literature.1, 2 We report a case of amyloidosis localized to the palate. A 63‐year‐old woman was referred by maxillofacial surgeons to the oral medicine clinic at Liverpool University Dental Hospital with a 6‐month history of palatal soreness and difficulty wearing her new full upper denture. Previously palatal biopsies had been undertaken at the referring hospital, which described ‘fibroepithelial hyperplasia’ that was possibly due to denture trauma. The condition had not responded to a topical antifungal (nystatin pastilles) used for 1 month, with the denture removed. The patient's medical history included hypertension, for which she was prescribed frusemide and atenolol. She had cardiomegaly and osteoarthritis and had received a prosthetic hip replacement. Initial blood tests including a fasting blood sugar and haematinics had all been normal.

Topic: Oral and gingival health research
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Parent-Child Relationships and the Verbal Information Pathway to Fear in Children: Two Preliminary Experiments

Parenting styles and the parent-child bond are associated with anxiety in children. Despite this association, little is known about the mechanism through which parenting has its effect. One possibility is that parenting interacts with other known pathways to fear. Two experiments are reported that look at the interaction between parenting styles and parent-child relationships and the verbal information pathway to fear. In Experiment 1, a punitive maternal parenting style was found to interact with the effect of threat information about a novel animal in 6–9-year-old children. Maternal warmth, neglect, overprotection and accurate monitoring were not found to have a significant effect. Experiment 2 showed that children reporting a greater number of negative interactions with their fathers had greater increases in fear beliefs about novel animals after both threat and no information. The quality of mother-child relationships did not significantly interact with the verbal information pathway. These experiments offer preliminary evidence that parenting practices influence how children react to negative information, which offers some insight into the potential causes of the association between parenting and anxiety in children.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Concentration and Mobility of Electrons in <i>n</i>-GaAs/AlGaAs:Si Nanostructures under Uniaxial Compression in the Dark and After Illumination

Resistivity, Hall effect and quantum oscillations of magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional electron system at an n-GaAs/Al 0.29 Ga 0.71 As:Si heterointerface have been investigated under uniaxial compression up to 3.5 kbar along [110] direction in the dark and after illumination by infrared diode at 1.7 K. The observed persistent photoconductivity is connected with the excitation of deep DX centers in the active layer. The electron redistribution between the quantum well and the active layer explains pressure dependence of the electron mobility and concentration fixed after illumination.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Odds ratios (95% CI) for the longitudinal association between baseline dietary patterns and 4-year incidence of depressive symptoms (GDS&gt; = 8) (n = 2,211).

1&lt;p&gt;Test for trend was examined by entering dietary pattern score quartiles as a fixed factor and testing the contrast by using the polynomial option in all models.&lt;/p&gt;2&lt;p&gt;Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and daily energy intake at baseline.&lt;/p&gt;3&lt;p&gt;Model 2: further adjusted for BMI, PASE, number of IADLs, smoking status, alcohol use, education and marital status at baseline.&lt;/p&gt;4&lt;p&gt;Model 3: further adjusted for self-reported history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and stroke, and CSI-D score at baseline.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline LaNi5 hydrogen storage materials

With the growing environmental concerns of greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, it is becoming increasingly important to switch to cleaner alternative fuels such as hydrogen [1]. Inter-metallic LaNi5 is one of the most widely used and studied solid-state hydrogen storage material – a pet material for the prototype systems using hydrogen fuel. However, nanostructuring effects on this systems are not yet fully explored. Recently we have carried out systematic studies regarding the effect of nanostructuring on the hydrogen sorption properties of this material [2]. Unlike some other potential hydrogen storage materials, which shows faster kinetics upon nanostructuring, the long time ball-milling of the bulk LaNi5 results in the formation of an anomalous-state resistant to hydrogen absorption-desorption reactions. In this contribution, we present the preliminary differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data on the nanostrutured LaNi5 powders. XRD and XPS results indicate the long-time ball-milled and annealed LaNi5 to be of pure nanocrystalline phase. DSC results indicate a partial elimination of defects at 500oC, in a more efficient way for the short-time ball-milled powders compared to the long-time ball-milled samples. These results will be discussed in the light of the hydrogen sorption properties of the bulk and nanocrystalline LaNi5 samples.

Topic: Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alsace-Lorraine’s Return to France

Essay| February 01 1919 Alsace-Lorraine’s Return to France: How the Lost Provinces Came Back and Were Recognized as Part of the French Republic Current History (1919) 9_Part-2 (2): 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1919.9P2.2.275 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Alsace-Lorraine’s Return to France: How the Lost Provinces Came Back and Were Recognized as Part of the French Republic. Current History 1 February 1919; 9_Part-2 (2): 275–281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1919.9P2.2.275 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1919 by The Regents of the University of California1919 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Appliance usage prediction using a time series based classification approach

Energy management for residential homes and offices require the prediction of the usage(s) or service request(s) of different appliances present in the house. The hardware requirement is more simplified and practical if the task is only based on energy consumption data and no other sensors are used. The proposed model tries to formalize such an approach using a time-series based multi-label classifier which takes into account correlation between different appliances among other factors. In this work, prediction results are shown for 1-hour in the future but this approach can be extended to predict more hours in the future as per the requirement(with restrictions). The learned models and decision tree showing the important factors in the input information is also discussed.

Topic: Data Stream Mining Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Clinical Evaluation of the <i>i-STAT</i> Kaolin Activated Clotting Time (ACT) Test in Different Clinical Settings in a Large Academic Urban Medical Center

Abstract Historically, it has been difficult for hospitals to change methods for activated clotting time (ACT) testing because of differences in ACT values obtained with different instruments, wide differences in target ranges used in different procedures, and the difficulty of performing crossover studies at the bedside in critical care situations. There are limited published data comparing the i-STAT (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ) kaolin ACT with the Medtronic ACT Plus (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). The i-STAT system can perform ACT testing in addition to testing of a number of critical care analytes and may offer potential advantages over other ACT analyzers. Comparison of ACT values on 121 simultaneous split-sample tests yielded an R2 of 0.88 with i-STAT = 0.79 Medtronic + 72.0. The Pearson correlation was R = 0.94, indicating statistically significant correlation between the 2 methods. Based on this comparison, we were able to implement the i-STAT ACT throughout our institution without changing target ranges for any individual procedure.

Topic: Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences