jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Early Surgical vs Nonsurgical Management of Pediatric Hand Friction Injuries Caused by Treadmills

Abstract Pediatric hand friction injuries caused by running treadmills are ever more prevalent due to the increasing presence of home exercise equipment. These and other related injuries have received recent attention in the media, leading to mass product recalls in some cases. These friction injuries are similar to deep thermal burns, and these patients are usually cared for in the pediatric burn unit at our institution. We sought to describe our recent experience managing 22 patients with these injuries. Patients were queried from our urban pediatric burn center database. After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted for a treadmill-related hand injury over a 5-year period was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, initial treatment methods (surgical vs nonoperative), type of dressing used, hospital length of stay (LOS), and compliance with follow-up. We collected patient-centered outcomes included the time to healing and the need for subsequent surgical and/or nonsurgical interventions to treat the sequelae of these injuries. Our center treated 22 hand friction injuries caused by treadmills over the 5-year period. Five patients (23%) underwent early surgical intervention (&amp;lt;30 days from injury), with a median time from injury of 7 days (interquartile range 1.75–13.5). This cohort required additional interventions to treat postoperative sequelae with 2 (40%) requiring additional surgery and 3 (60%) managed nonsurgically. Of the 17 (77%) who were initially treated nonoperatively, 5 (29%) healed completely with dressing changes only and required no further treatment. Eleven (65%) had injury-related sequelae and were managed successfully with nonsurgical interventions. Only 1 patient (6%) required scar modification by Z-plasty. Average LOS was 14 hours and the median number of weekly follow-up visits was 4 until complete healing. Given the excellent outcomes observed in patients treated without acute surgical intervention in this case series, nonoperative management appears to be feasible, safe, and may reduce the need for operative intervention. These injuries, although small, are deep and require a prolonged period of dressing changes and aggressive therapy including posthealing time commitment to scar management in order to achieve best outcomes. Our study supports the need for increased community awareness of this type of injury.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Computed tomographic Assessment of Lateral Lamella of Cribiform Plate and Comparison of Depth of Olfactory Fossa

INTRODUCTION:&#x0D; &#x0D; Endoscopic sinus surgery is an upcoming branch in rhinological practice but with some major risks since it has to play around the skull base area. Lateral lamella of cribriform plate is the thinnest area of the skull base. Thus this study is undertaken to evaluate the height of lateral lamella of cribriform plate and the depth of olfactory fossae by the help of computed tomographic images.&#x0D; METHODS:&#x0D; Computed tomographic study of 50 patients was done in Advanced Imaging and Diagnostic center, Kathmandu Medical College. Coronal sections at the centre of infra-orbital foramina were taken as reference slide. The height of cribriform plate point was subtracted from the height of medial ethmoidal roof point to measure the length of lateral lamella of cribriform plates on both sides.&#x0D; RESULTS:&#x0D; The median height of LLCP in 100 slides was 2.8 mm. LLCP height was 0 to 3.9 mm in 86 slides, 4 to 7 mm in 12 slides and greater than 7mm in 2 slides. The LLCP length was greater in right side in 28 (56%) patients and was greater in left side in 19 (38%) patients. It was equal in both sides in only three patients (6%).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS:&#x0D; As regards the length of LLCP; 0 to 3.9 mm length was most common. The olfactory fossa depth was more in the right side compared to the left side. Thus, right side is more vulnerable to injury during surgery. Thus adequate caution has to be exercised by the rhinological surgeon during endoscopic sinus surgery.&#x0D; Keywords: lateral lamella of Cribriform plate, medical ethmoidal roof, olfactory fossa.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A case of angioedema with dysarthria mimicking transient ischemic attack

An 85-year-old woman was transported to our emergency room by ambulance with a complaint of slurred speech. Neurological examination revealed dysarthria only. We considered that lingual edema identified on physical examination might have influenced dysarthria. However, we were unable to perform sufficient evaluation, since she could not open her mouth widely or push the tongue out beyond the lips. We considered the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease because of the acute onset, and performed emergency brain MRI. Imaging revealed that although no abnormality was present in the brain parenchyma, edema of the tongue and soft palate was evident on T<sub>2</sub>-weighted sagittal imaging. We confirmed the dysarthria was caused by tongue edema due to angioedema. In addition, we diagnosed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-induced angioedema, because ACEI had been started 2 months earlier as pharmacotherapy for hypertension. Tongue swelling due to angioedema should be considered when examining patients with dysarthria.

Topic: Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ANTI OXIDANT, MICROBIAL AND PHYTO CHEMICAL STUDIES OF CARICA PAPAYA MILK: A NATURAL HAND SANITIZER

In this study, the effect of Carica papayaagainst various microorganisms is evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay for antioxidant activity. The focus is on employing the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of papaya milk as a natural antimicrobial by preparing hand sanitizer.Papaya (Carica papaya Linn), a nutraceutical fruit well known for its nutritional values and potent medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic, anti-fungal, anti-hypertensive and anti-fertility, free radical scavenging activity [1-10]. The study includesextraction of C.papaya milk from C. papaya fruit and identification of phytochemical constituents by performing chemical tests. Preparation of sanitizer with 5ml and 7ml of C. Papaya Milk for 10 ml sanitizer.Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of prepared sanitizer on cultures from hand using spread plate method.Determination of sanitizing ability was done by calculating percent reduction in colony forming units (CFU) before and after sanitization. Evaluation of antioxidant activity by in vitro DPPH Scavenging method.The standard sanitizer had shown 75% effectiveness, isopropyl alcohol shows90% effectiveness, and finally sanitizer which is prepared from papaya milk was found to be 58% effective against micro-organisms.

Topic: Papaya Research and Applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multivalent 1‐Oxa‐3,5,7‐triazahepta‐1,3,5‐trienes: Synthesis, Structural Properties and Metal Coordination

Abstract Nucleophilic ring opening of bis‐ and tris(1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium) salts 1 with n ‐propylamine leads to the bis‐ and tris(armed) oligonitrile derivatives 3 and 8 with secondary amino groups in the side chain. Alternatively, treatment of simple 1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium salts 2 with primary and secondary di‐ and triamines offers a convenient pathway for the synthesis of bis‐ and tris(armed) oligonitriles 4 , 5 and 7 . 2,6‐Diaminopyridine furnishes the new pincer‐type ligand 6 upon reaction with 1‐oxa‐3,5‐diazinium salt 2a . Multivalent oligonitriles 4 , 6 , 7 and 8 containing secondary amino groups are able to form intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the solid state as detected by X‐ray crystallography. The oligonitriles 3a , b , 4b , d , h , 6 and 7a form coordination complexes with various Zn II , Cu II , Co II , Ni II and Pd II salts acting as bidentate ligands to give six‐membered chelates of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 ligand/metal ion ratios. More complex structures are obtained from pincer ligand 6 with PdCl 2 [compound 6·(PdCl 2 ) 2 ] and from the tridentate ligand 7a in reactions with Ni(ClO 4 ) 2 (compound 9 ). All new complexes were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

Topic: Synthesis and Reactivity of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 165665: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A prospective analysis of clinical efficacy and safety in chronic myeloid leukemia‐chronic phase patients with imatinib resistance or intolerance as evaluated using <scp>E</scp>uropean <scp>L</scp>eukemia<scp>N</scp>et 2013 criteria

Abstract Background We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib in Japanese patients with imatinib‐resistant or imatinib‐intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ). Methods From 2009 to 2011, 54 CML ‐chronic phase ( CP ) patients with resistance ( n = 40) or intolerance ( n = 25) to imatinib were registered to undergo dasatinib treatment. Eleven patients showed both resistance and intolerance to imatinib. Coincidentally, the resistance criteria in this study were the same as a non‐optimal response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI s) as defined in the European LeukemiaNet ( ELN ) 2013 recommendations. Results The overall incidence rate of major molecular response ( MMR ) at 12 months was 62.3% ( n = 47). Forty patients with resistance to imatinib who were ‘warning’ and ‘failure’ patients based on the ELN 2013 recommendations were assessed; cumulative MMR and MR 4.5 rates were 62.5% ( n = 39) and 21.0% ( n = 40), respectively, at 12 months. Twelve patients who showed a BCR ‐ ABL transcript level &gt;1% on the international scale did not achieve a MMR or discontinued dasatinib treatment because of insufficient effects. With regard to safety issues, grade 3/4 non‐hematologic adverse events ( AE s) were infrequent. Conclusions Patients with non‐optimal responses (who meet ELN 2013 warning and failure criteria) to imatinib should be switched quickly to dasatinib, which is less toxic in CML ‐ CP patients, to improve their prognoses. A BCR ‐ ABL 1 IS of &lt;1% at 3 months of dasatinib administration is a landmark for good therapeutic outcome.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF DI BEI

This study aims to analyse the effect of inventory turnover and sales growth on profitability in automotive sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2022. Data obtained from the financial statements of ten companies in the automotive sub-sector for five years. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a multiple linear regression statistical approach to test the effect of independent variables (inventory turnover and sales growth) on the dependent variable (profitability measured by Return on Assets / ROA). The results showed that partially, inventory turnover and sales growth do not always have a significant effect on profitability, but simultaneously both have a contribution to the company's profitability. These findings can provide input for company management in managing inventory and sales strategies to improve financial performance, as well as a reference for further research in the field of accounting and financial management of automotive companies in Indonesia.

Topic: Management and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
SPACING OF INTERSECTIONS IN HIERARCHICAL ROAD NETWORKS

This paper presents an analytical model for examining the spacing of intersections that connect different levels of roads in a hierarchical network.An analytical expression for the average travel time is obtained for a grid road network with two road types: minor and major roads.The travel time is defined as the sum of the free travel time and the delay at intersections.The analytical expression gives basic properties of the tradeoff between the travel time on minor and major roads.The optimal pattern of intersections that minimizes the average travel time is then obtained.The result demonstrates how the road length, the intersection delay, the travel speed, and the size of the city affect the optimal pattern.The model is also applied to the road network of Tokyo.The proposed model explicitly considers the tradeoff between the accessibility to higher level roads and the delay at intersections, and is useful for hierarchical road network design.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploration of the biosynthesis of galloylated catechins in tea plants

Galloylated flavan-3-ols (galloylated catechins) are not only the functional components that are beneficial to human health but also the characteristic components that endow tea flavor. Tea is an important source for people to ingest galloylated catechins. The galloylated catechin contains the basic structure of flavan-3-ol and a galloyl group. Thus, their biosynthetic pathway involves flavan-3-ol biosynthesis and galloylation and degalloylation reactions. The biosynthetic pathway of flavan-3-ol and its regulation have been studied intensively. Regarding the source of galloyl groups, we propose that there exists a 'galloylation-degalloylation cycle (G-DG)' pathway in tannin-rich plants, which consists of three catalytic steps controlled by gallic acid glucosyltransferase (UGT84A22), serine carboxypeptidyase-like acyltransferase (SCPL-AT), and tannase (TA). It is not only the main terminal pathway for galloylated catechin biosynthesis, but also the main initiation pathway for hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis. In this paper, we review the research progress on the biosynthesis and regulation of the flavan-3-ol, and G-DG pathways.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Antiangiogenic Action of the Urokinase Receptor-Derived Peptide UPARANT in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells

These findings indicate that UPARANT exerts its antiangiogenic effects through the inhibition of the downstream signaling activated by angiogenic factors such as VEGF-A.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[A case of HIV infection associated with ulcerative colitis].

We describe a 42-year-old-man with HIV infection who developed ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, and the findings of colonoscopy, pathology and culture. Although remission of ulcerative colitis was induced by PSL and SASP, HIV infection progressed. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was started. HIV viral load decreased to less than 50copies/ml and CD4 counts increased to over 400/microl. After discontinuance of PSL and SASP, he is still in good condition. This is the first report of HIV infection associated with ulcerative colitis in Japan. A relationship between immune disorder in advanced HIV infection and inflammatory bowel disease was suggested. Ulcerative colitis might be an important complication in HIV infection.

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recognition of tRNA<sup>Ile</sup> with a UAU anticodon by isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase in lactic acid bacteria

In almost all eubacteria, the AUA codon is translated by tRNA Ile2 bearing lysidine at the wobble position. Lysidine is introduced by tRNA Ile lysidine synthetase (TilS) via post‐transcriptional modification of the cytidine of tRNA Ile2 (CAU). Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum have tilS homologues and tRNA Ile2 (CAU) genes. In addition, L. casei also has another tRNA Ile2 gene with an UAU anticodon. L. plantarum has a tRNA Ile (UAU)‐like RNA. Here, we demonstrate that L. casei tRNA Ile2 (UAU) is charged with isoleucine by L. casei isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase (IleRS) but not by L. plantarum IleRS, even though the amino acid identity of these two enzymes is over 60%. It has been reported that, in Mycoplasma mobile , which has its tRNA Ile2 (UAU) but no tilS homologue, an Arg residue at position 865 of the IleRS is required for recognition of the UAU anticodon. This position is occupied by an Arg also in the IleRSs from both of the Lactobacillus species. Thus, other residues in L. casei , IleRS should also contribute to the recognition of tRNA Ile2 (UAU). We found that a chimeric L. casei IleRS in which the N‐terminal domain was replaced by the corresponding region of L. plantatarum IleRS has very low aminoacylation activity towards both tRNA Ile2 (UAU) and tRNA Ile1 (GAU). The A18G mutant had barely detectable aminoacylation activity towards either of the tRNAs Ile . However, a double point mutant of A18G and G19N aminoacylated tRNA Ile1 (GAU), but not tRNA Ile2 (UAU). Our results suggest that, for L. casei IleRS, Ala18 and Gly19 also play a critical role in recognition of tRNA Ile2 (UAU).

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CSD 1894181: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Host Races of Meloidogyne javanica, with Preliminary Evidence that the 'Groundnut Race' is Widely Distributed in India

Root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp is the most important nematode disease of groundnut. The causal agents are Meloidogyne arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. incognita. Meloidogyne arenaria Race 1 is the most widespread and destructive of the groundnut root-knot nematodes; M. hapla is also important, particularly in North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Virginia (USA), northern China, and Australia. Meloidogyne javanica is not a common pathogen of groundnut. According to differential host tests in North Carolina, M. javanica has only one distinct host race. It reproduces on tobacco, watermelon, and tomato but does not commonly reproduce on cotton, pepper, and groundnut; however, a few populations can reproduce on pepper, and a very few on groundnut (Hart-man and Sasser 1985).

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of RDL GABA Receptor Point Mutants on Susceptibility to Meta-Diamide and Isoxazoline Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster

Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in insects, specifically those composed of the RDL (resistant to dieldrin) subunit, serve as important targets for commonly used synthetic insecticides. These insecticides belong to various chemical classes, such as phenylpyrazoles, cyclodienes, meta-diamides, and isoxazolines, with the latter two potentially binding to the transmembrane inter-subunit pocket. However, the specific amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect RDL receptors to these novel insecticides remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of seven distinct Drosophila melanogaster Rdl point mutants against four meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticides: isocycloseram, fluxametamide, fluralaner, and broflanilide. Our findings indicate that, despite exhibiting increased sensitivity to fluralaner in vitro, the RdlI276C mutant showed resistance to isocycloseram and fluxametamide. Similarly, the double-points mutant RdlI276F+G279S also showed decreased sensitivity to the tested isoxazolines. On the other hand, the RdlG335M mutant displayed high levels of resistance to all tested insecticides. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting similar binding poses for these insecticides. In summary, our research provides robust in vivo evidence supporting the idea that the inter-subunit amino acids within transmembrane M1 and M3 domains form the binding site crucial for meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticide interactions. This study highlights the complex interplay between mutations and insecticide susceptibility, paving the way for more targeted pest control strategies.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of cocaine and HIV infection interaction on PSA expression in male and female mice

Substance use is highly common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected population. Both cocaine and HIV affect the cognition, partially via regulating the neuronal plasticity of the corticoaccumbens circuitry. Polysialic acid (PSA) carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is highly expressed on cells in this circuitry and manipulates the synaptic plasticity and associated cognitive function. It has been demonstrated that ovarian hormones regulate synaptic plasticity and, further, alter cocaine-seeking behavior in females. Therefore, we hypothesize that the PSA expression might be changed across the estrous cycle in this circuitry in females. Moreover, HIV infection and cocaine may interact to impact cognition by altering the PSA levels in this circuitry in males and females. Immunohistochemistry on tissue from mice euthanized at different phases of the estrous cycle revealed that PSA expression was regulated in a region and phase dependent manner. We observed lower PSA immunoactivity in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) in the proestrus phase than in the estrus and diestrus phase in wild-type female mice. However, no alterations of PSA immunoactivity were found in the infralimbic cortex (IL), the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC). To assess the effects of HIV and cocaine, human-CD34+ male and female mice that allowed the HIV infection in the brain of mice underwent HIV inoculation and cocaine conditioned-place preference (CPP). We found that neither cocaine injection nor HIV inoculation altered the PSA immunoactivity. However, HIV mice showed higher cocaine CPP. Their preference scores were negatively correlated with PSA immunoactivity in the PrL and the NAcC. Overall, our studies suggested that HIV-exacerbated cocaine sensitivity may be associated with reductions in PSA in the corticoaccumbens circuitry. This may further be modulated by sex and estrous cycle.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences