jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of alloxan on the incorporation of uridine diphospho D-galactose into Langerhans' islets of the rat.

The effect of alloxan on pancreatic islets of the rat was studied by following the change in the incorporation of uridine diphospho (UDP) D-[U-14C] galactose into glycoproteins (chloroform/methanol-insoluble fraction) and glycolipids (chloroform/methanol-soluble fraction). Islets exposed to either alloxan or alloxan plus D-glucose anomers (16.7 mM) at 37° for 5 min, were incubated in a medium containing UDP-[U-14C] galactose at 37°for 120 min. The incorporation of UDP-[U-14C] galactose into glycoproteins and glycolipids was unaffected by 1.25 mM alloxan, but was slightly reduced by 6.25 mM alloxan. Alloxan at 31.2 mM severely inhibited the incorporation. The combination of alloxan (31.2 mM) plus the α anomer abolished the inhibitory effect of alloxan to a considerable extent, while the β anomer provided no protection against the action of alloxan. The label distribution on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of islets incubated with UDP-galactose was similar to that obtained after labeling with galactose oxidase and NaB3H4. In conclusion, the present data indicate that pancreatic islets of the rat can transfer galactose from UDP-galactose on the plasma membrane and that the α anomer of glucose is more effective than the β anomer in overcoming the inhibitory effect of alloxan.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Longitudinal cryosection of segments 8 and 9 of <i>A. l. longispinus</i>. 20241206_W_6920

Longitudinal cryosection of segments 8 and 9 of <i>Acanthogammarus lappaceus longispinus</i> Takhteev, 2000. Tissue structure and organ arrangement during freezing in liquid nitrogen.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fast data-driven computation and intuitive visualization of fiber orientation uncertainty in 3D-polarized light imaging

In recent years, the microscopy technology referred to as Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) has successfully been established to study the brain’s nerve fiber architecture at the micrometer scale. The myelinated axons of the nervous tissue introduce optical birefringence that can be used to contrast nerve fibers and their tracts from each other. Beyond the generation of contrast, 3D-PLI renders the estimation of local fiber orientations possible. To do so, unstained histological brain sections of 70 μm thickness cut at a cryo-microtome were scanned in a polarimetric setup using rotating polarizing filter elements while keeping the sample unmoved. To address the fundamental question of brain connectivity, i. e., revealing the detailed organizational principles of the brain’s intricate neural networks, the tracing of fiber structures across volumes has to be performed at the microscale. This requires a sound basis for describing the in-plane and out-of-plane orientations of each potential fiber (axis) in each voxel, including information about the confidence level (uncertainty) of the orientation estimates. By this means, complex fiber constellations, e. g., at the white matter to gray matter transition zones or brain regions with low myelination (i. e., low birefringence signal), as can be found in the cerebral cortex, become quantifiable in a reliable manner. Unfortunately, this uncertainty information comes with the high computational price of their underlying Monte-Carlo sampling methods and the lack of a proper visualization. In the presented work, we propose a supervised machine learning approach to estimate the uncertainty of the inferred model parameters. It is shown that the parameter uncertainties strongly correlate with simple, physically explainable features derived from the signal strength. After fitting these correlations using a small sub-sample of the data, the uncertainties can be predicted for the remaining data set with high precision. This reduces the required computation time by more than two orders of magnitude. Additionally, a new visualization of the derived three-dimensional nerve fiber information, including the orientation uncertainty based on ellipsoids, is introduced. This technique makes the derived orientation uncertainty information visually interpretable.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Frailty of Privacy Theory

Examining privacy theory begins with what is absent from present accounts, that is, the central importance of our personal concerns about our existential reality. These concerns, and the disposition to seek ways to distance and camouflage them with constructed concerns, is at the heart of the inducements of what emerged as the mythological trajectory of Deity, State, Market and Technology. The impact of the ideas and practices left behind by these failed but persisting magnitudes is what is normalised in us and comes to comprise what we see as our private world. However, these ideas and practices are mythological subjections. There are two dominant present accounts of privacy, the ‘Constitutional’ (which is sourced from the ideas and practices of Deity, State and Market), which is primarily a bourgeois account, and the ‘Selected Flow of Information’ account (which is inspired by the movement of information within a social context, especially in the technological age). Given the mythological content of both accounts, the way forward needs to take an entirely different approach. This will relocate existential reality to the centre of its frame but also emphasise an ethic which rejects subjection, one framed by respectful self-responsibility.

Topic: Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Optical Properties of the High-Pressure Phases of SnO<sub>2</sub>: First-Principles Calculation

We present a detailed investigation on the optical properties, including dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption, refractive index, and electron energy-loss spectrum, of the high-pressure phase SnO(2) in the rutile, pyrite, fluorite, and cotunnite structures by using the density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave pseudopotential method. The results indicate that with the increasing of pressure the band gaps become larger, the density of states are broader, so the curves of optical properties have a little blue shift. Except that the fluorite phase has some metallic properties, the other three phases exhibit excellent dielectric behavior. Interestingly, the fluorite and cotunnite SnO(2) phases always have some special characteristics, such as higher plasma frequency, which need further fundamental and application research.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A multi-agent-based approach to face detection and localization

This paper presents a multi-agent- based approach to face detection and localization in colour images. In the initial step of the process the autonomous behaviour agents are distributed throughout the image. In subsequent steps the agents detect and mark skin-colour pixels using the HSI model and the innate agent's behaviour functions, such as diffusion, self-reproduction and dying. During the final step, the results of all the families of agents are combined and the face-like regions are detected. After face-like region localization, the shape information is used to decide if the region really represents a human face. The approach was tested using both the XM2VTS database of frontal face images and images containing people in natural situations.

Topic: Face recognition and analysis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Core Competence, Distinctive Competence, and Competitive Advantage: What Is the Difference?

Abstract Core competence, distinctive competence, and competitive advantage are 3 of the most important business concepts that managers, researchers, and educators rely on for decision making, pedagogy, and research. However, little attention has been paid to defining these concepts. As a result, they have become buzzwords that are used so frequently that their meanings are often taken for granted but are not fully understood. In this article, the author reviews the evolution of these concepts in business literature and provides comprehensive definitions, conceptual models, and examples to help clarify and distinguish the concepts so that failures of communication can be avoided. Keywords: competenciescompetitive advantagestrategy

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of image radiometric correction on the accuracy of vegetation canopy density estimate using several Landsat-8 OLI’s vegetation indices: A case study of Wonosari area, Indonesia

Recent studies on the use of spectral indices have involved radiometric correction as a prerequisite. However, study on the effect of radiometric correction level on the accuracy of biophysical parameters' estimate is still rare in Indonesia. This study tried to investigate the influence of various radiometric correction levels and the number of vegetation strata on the accuracy of vegetation density estimates using NDVI, MSAVI2 and GEMI of Landsat 8 OLI. In this study, the dataset covering vegetated area in Wonosari, Gunung Kidul Regency, Indonesia was processed radiometrically using eight different methods, i.e. spectral radiance, at sensor reflectance, sun elevation correction, histogram adjustments using original DN, spectal radiance, at sensor reflectance, and sun position correction respectively, as well as dark object subtraction (DOS). Every image with specific correction level was then transformed using the aforementioned indices, in order correlate with the field-measured canopy density. The analysis were carried out by considering the number of canopy layers. This found that different radiometric correction methods resulted canopy density estimates with different accuracies. The number of canopy strata also played an important role. Every vegetation index transformation performed its best accuracy by using different radiometric correction method and different number of canopy layers.

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Maps of Quadrangle 3564, Chahriaq (Joand) (405) and Gurziwan (406) Quadrangles, Afghanistan

By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Toward a queer feminist bioethics of sexuality

Interest in sexuality remains scarce in mainstream bioethics, despite the centrality of sexuality to many people’s health and wellbeing, and its ethical, political and philosophical importance. This chapter builds on a dialogue between feminist and queer thought to highlight the importance of this topic for feminist bioethics and move toward a framework for a queer feminist bioethics. It overviews tensions between queer and feminist approaches, outlines particular LGBTQI+ bioethical issues, and discusses key bioethical concepts within a queer feminist framework. Further, it urges the development of a queer feminist framework that refuses cis-gendered and heteronormative accounts of sexuality, replacing these with norms of gender and sexual variance. This approach would enhance normative analysis of material injustices based on the intersectional experiences of queer people and women in their complex sexualities.

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Chāpā-Puthis: Some Print-House Practices in Mid-nineteenth Century Calcutta

Abstract From the 1840s, one of the most visible print genres in the popular ‘Battala’ book trade in Calcutta was the so-called chāpā puthis . Such works, though printed, adhered faithfully to the distinctive layout and typography of the Islamic manuscript tradition which had been current for several centuries in Bengal. They were also among the most lucrative of literary properties, and when the passage of Act XX of 1847 gave copyright protection to books printed in British India., the printers who seized upon the act with the greatest alacrity were those of “ chāpā puthis .” The printers of such puthis used the title-page to provide copious metadata, in the process laying bare the often invisible ecology of labor of the print-house. This article will provide a preliminary account of the printing and publishing history of the genre, with its focus on print-house practices, and in particular, the figure of the compositor.

Topic: South Asian Cinema and Culture
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Aptamer Nanoconstructs Crossing Human Blood–Brain Barrier Discovered via Microphysiological System-Based SELEX Technology

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains one of the critical challenges in developing neurological therapeutics. Short single-stranded DNA/RNA nucleotides forming a three-dimensional structure, called aptamers, have received increasing attention as BBB shuttles for efficient brain drug delivery owing to their practical advantages over Trojan horse antibodies or peptides. Aptamers are typically obtained by combinatorial chemical technology, termed Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX), against purified targets, living cells, or animal models. However, identifying reliable BBB-penetrating aptamers that perform efficiently under human physiological conditions has been challenging because of the poor physiological relevance in the conventional SELEX process. Here, we report a human BBB shuttle aptamer (hBS) identified using a human microphysiological system (MPS)-based SELEX (MPS-SELEX) method. A two-channel MPS lined with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) interfaced with astrocytes and pericytes, recapitulating high-level barrier function of <i>in vivo</i> BBB, was exploited as a screening platform. The MPS-SELEX procedure enabled robust function-based screening of the hBS candidates, which was not achievable in traditional <i>in vitro</i> BBB models. The identified aptamer (hBS01) through five-round of MPS-SELEX exhibited high capability to transport protein cargoes across the human BBB via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and enhanced uptake efficiency in BMECs and brain cells. The enhanced targeting specificity of hBS01 was further validated both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, confirming its powerful brain accumulation efficiency. These findings demonstrate that MPS-SELEX has potential in the discovery of aptamers with high target specificity that can be widely utilized to boost the development of drug delivery strategies.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LORAN-C PULSE TRANSIENT PROPAGATION. PART I. GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DATA BASE EVALUATION FOR LORAN-C GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION MEDIUM. PART II. LORAN-C GROUND WAVE SECONDARY PHASE CORRECTIONS OVER NONHOMOGENEOUS AND IRREGULAR GROUND USING TRANSIENT SIGNAL PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES. PART III. (WITH ADDENDUM).

The geophysical data available for a select propagation path for use in the study of the propagation of a Loran-C pulse is evaluated and recommendations for the initial estimates of ground geoelectric section resistivities is presented. A new rigorous technique for the computation and prediction of loran time difference coordinates from loran receiver geographic coordinates and visa versa is introduced by application to a specific loran overland situation. The full wave theoretical transient solution for the Loran-C pulse is employed. An experimental program to validate the theoretical transient solution for the Loran-C pulse is presented.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation the effective of the biophysical method by of the before sowing seeds of the coniferous forest cultures

The results of theoretical and experimental study of low-intensity electromagnetic field influence on pine and fir-tree seeds to improve their sowing qualities (to increase germination energy, suppress seed infection) are given.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PRB inhibited cell proliferation through let-7b-E2F1 in breast cancer

The presence of progesterone receptor (PR) and PR isoform B (PRB) in breast cancer is generally correlated with better clinical outcomes. Additionally, the significance of hormone-independent effects of PR/PRB correlated with better prognosis has been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the detailed mechanism of that still remains unclear. In this study, we examined how microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to tumor inhibition via PR/PRB expression, in order to find miRNAs that have tumor-agnostic effects between breast cancer and NSCLC. We obtained miRNA data using human tissues of breast cancer and NSCLC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database and PCR array from NSCLC patients of our cohort. Subsequently, we examined the function of the miRNA through in vitro study using breast cancer cell lines. As a result, only let-7b expression was significantly correlated with PR expression in both cancers. Additionally, the expression of let-7b significantly inhibited cell proliferation by inducing PR and PRB expression in breast cancer cell lines. However, the positive correlation of let-7b and PRB required a mediated factor, E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F1), obtained from TGCA database analysis. In vitro experiments showed that let-7b significantly inhibited E2F1, and E2F1 significantly inhibited PRB. This study revealed that PRB inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by the let-7b-E2F1 interaction. In addition, the immunohistochemical analysis in NSCLC was also consistent with these in vitro data. Our results could contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with PR/PRB-positive cancer by targeting let-7b or PRB expression in breast cancer and possibly NSCLC.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nurturing connections in the aftermath of childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy for female survivors of childhood abuse.

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) for couples is an empirically supported treatment for relationship distress (Johnson and Greenberg Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1985a;53:175–184; Johnson, The practice of emotionally focused marital therapy: Creating connection. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004). Despite strong evidence of a link between experiences of childhood abuse and problems in intimate relationships during adulthood (Paradis and Boucher, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2010;19:138–158; Walker et al., Journal of Family Violence 2009; 24:397–406), there have not yet been any controlled trials of the efficacy of EFT for adult survivors of childhood abuse. In light of evidence of the effectiveness of individual EFT in the treatment of the sequelae of complex trauma (Paivio and Pascual-Leone, Emotion-focused therapy for complex trauma: An integrative approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010), we conducted the first randomized controlled trial of EFT for couples in which the female partner had a history of intrafamilial childhood abuse. Our primary hypothesis was that couples treated with EFT would experience a significant reduction in relationship distress. To test this hypothesis, 24 couples in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (mean relationship length 14 years), were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (24 sessions of EFT) or a control group (waiting list). Analyses of covariance with treatment condition as the fixed factor and baseline scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, Journal of Marriage and the Family 1976;38:15–28) as the covariate yielded a statistically significant effect of treatment group on relationship distress. Hierarchical regression analyses unveiled the particular circumstances under which EFT appeared to be effective. These results attest to the effectiveness of EFT for relational distress in trauma survivors and are discussed in light of the relevant clinical literature.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare and heterogeneous disorder characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration of the GI tract. This chapter presents a case study of 41-year-old male presents with a 3-month history of recurring abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. Symptoms are dependent upon the site of the GI tract involved and the depth of involvement. The diagnostic criteria include: (i) the presence of GI symptoms, (ii) histopathology demonstrating predominant eosinophilic infiltration, (iii) the absence of other conditions that cause eosinophilia, and (iv) no eosinophilic involvement of organs outside the GI tract. Diagnosis requires a clinical history, physical exam, and documentation of any history of atopic disorders, allergies, and drug allergies. Management strategies are based upon severity of symptoms and include antidiarrheals, dietary adjustments, and steroid therapy. Concurrent extraintestinal manifestations have also been reported, including eosinophilic splenitis, hepatitis, and cystitis.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Convergence to Stochastic Integrals for Dependent Heterogeneous Processes

This paper provides conditions to establish the weak convergence of stochastic integrals. The theorems are proved under the assumption that the innovations are strong mixing with uniformly bounded 2-h moments. Several applications of the results are given, relevant for the theories of estimation with I (1) processes, I (2) processes, processes with nonstationary variances, near-integrated processes, and continuous time approximations.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences