jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Two sisters with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis].

A few months after birth two sisters aged 5 and 9 years had developed cholestasis and abnormal liver functions with symptoms including itching and jaundice. The younger sister also developed rickets and clotting disorders. On clinical, biochemical and immunohistopathological grounds the diagnosis of 'progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 2' was made. Medical treatment was not succesfull in reducing symptoms. An ileocolonic bypass in the younger child was not effective. Subsequently, both patients underwent partial external biliary diversion (PEBD). Except for a period of intermittent itching in the younger child, both patients remained free of symptoms 2 years after PEBD. In cases where an early diagnosis is made, PEBD could delay or even prevent the necessity of liver transplantation.

Topic: Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Federal Courts: Habeas Corpus

This book concentrates on federal court authority to entertain habeas corpus petitions filed by state prisoners who claim that they were convicted or sentenced in violation of their federal constitutional rights. Lower federal courts have no appellate jurisdiction to review state court judgments in criminal cases. Nevertheless, federal courts revisit state convictions and sentences indirectly when they adjudicate federal claims in habeas corpus proceedings. Federal court authority under this heading has theoretical implications for the federal system, as well as practical significance for the implementation of constitutional standards in criminal cases, particularly in capital cases.

Topic: Torture, Ethics, and Law
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The History and Philosophy Of Knowledge Of The Brain and Its Functions (Pp. 272; Hfl. 48.) B. M. Israel: Amsterdam. 1973.

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Topic: Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
New method for the fluorimetric determination of guanidino compounds with benzoin.

A new fluorimetric method for the precise and rapid determination of guanidino compounds with benzoin is described. This is based on their reaction in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution with benzoin (dissolved in methylcellosolve), in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol and sodium sulfite, while the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at 9.2 after the reaction. This method requires heating at 100° for only 10 min. The excitation and emission maximum wavelengths of the fluorescence from these compounds are at around 325 and 435 nm, respectively. The method is simple, selective for guanidine and monosubstituted guanidino compounds (including peptides with one or two arginyl residues) and sensitive ; almost all the compounds can be determined at concentrations as low as 40-170 pmol/ml.

Topic: Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Remarks on an Avoidable Error in a Posteriori Testing

Abstract This article discusses a widespread error that occurs with a posteriori testing in factorial analyses of variance. Frequently, an incorrect sample size is used under the radical in the formula for computing a critical difference such as the Fisher least significance difference. This usually leads to an inappropriately large critical difference; thus, few if any significant differences are uncovered between the means. An interesting example of this error, from a journal article by Van Berschot (1979), is examined. Researchers are urged always to use under the radical the number of observations on which each mean being compared is based.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can PROMIS domains of pain and physical functioning detect changes in health over time for children with sickle cell disease?

Abstract Background The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) includes multiple domains that measure pain and physical functioning which are valid and reliable for use in children with sickle cell disease. The responsiveness of these measures to detect changes in health status over time among children with sickle cell disease is unknown. Procedure We conducted a prospective cohort study of children presenting to emergency department (ED) with vaso‐occlusive crises. Children completed PROMIS surveys in the ED and at two follow‐up time points (7‐10 days and 1‐3 months) after their acute care visit. Linear mixed models were used to determine if there were significant changes in PROMIS T scores over time. We used a patient's global assessment of change in pain question to anchor the changes in PROMIS scores (mean and 95% confidence interval). A change was considered statistically significant if the 95% CI did not include 0. Results We found that patients improved significantly in all domains 1 to 3 months after discharge from an acute care visit for pain. In addition, the pain and physical stress experience domains were responsive to change 7 to 10 days after discharge. Using the anchor of change in pain, for children who had considerable improvement in pain, there were significant changes in PROMIS T scores ranging from 6 to 15. Conclusions Relevant PROMIS domains detect changes in children experiencing acute vaso‐occlusive crises. These domains can be used in research and clinic settings to measure clinically relevant change in children with sickle cell disease.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Colors and Their Relationship with Forms as Styles of Classification among Preschool Children

This study seeks to determine the percentages of color preferences among preschool children,as well as to ascertain whether children‘s perception of forms is greater than their perception of colors. The study sample consists of l 18 children ranging in age from 2.5 to 4.5 years, both male and female. A number of gauges of color and form similarity prepared by the researchers were used, and, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and two-way analysis of variation, the following results were obtained:&#13;\n1- Variation exists in children’s color preference.&#13;\n2- Children 2.5 to less than 3.5 years of age tend to distinguish on the basis of color rather than form.&#13;\n3- Children 3.5 to 4.5 years of age tend to distinguish on the basis of forms rather than color.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gender Questions at the Margins: The Case of Nomadic and DNT Communities

The nomadic and denotified (DNT) communities are one of the extremely marginalized segments of Indian society. Although they are internally differentiated, they have some significant common concerns that are not necessarily identical with those plaguing other marginal groups. This article provides a broad overview of gender issues which are particularly critical for these communities but which have barely received any systematic attention. Drawing upon the author’s research and interaction with members of these communities as well as government reports and other secondary sources, the article examines these issues from the point of view of the marginal position of these groups vis-à-vis the larger society as well as from the perspective of institutions and practices prevalent within these groups. The author argues that gender issues should be integral to policy frameworks as well as other debates about nomadic and DNT communities.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Convergence analysis of a numerical scheme for the porous medium equation by an energetic variational approach

The porous medium equation (PME) is a typical nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation. We have studied numerical methods for PME by an energetic variational approach in [C. Duan et al, J. Comput. Phys., 385 (2019) 13-32], where the trajectory equation can be obtained and two numerical schemes have been developed based on different dissipative energy laws. It is also proved that the nonlinear scheme, based on $f \log f$ as the total energy form of the dissipative law, is uniquely solvable on an admissible convex set and preserves the corresponding discrete dissipation law. Moreover, under certain smoothness assumption, we have also obtained the second order convergence in space and the first order convergence in time for the scheme. In this paper, we provide a rigorous proof of the error estimate by a careful higher order asymptotic expansion and two step error estimates. The latter technique contains a rough estimate to control the highly nonlinear term in a discrete $W^{1,\infty}$ norm, and a refined estimate is applied to derive the optimal error order.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
4,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxycarbazole (an analogue of caffeine-like Ca2+ releaser), a novel type of inhibitor of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

1. 4,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxycarbazole (DBHC) was synthesized as an analogue of bromoeudistomin D (BED), a powerful Ca2+ releaser, and its pharmacological properties were examined. 2. In Ca2+ electrode experiments, DBHC (100 microM) markedly inhibited Ca2+ release from the heavy fraction of sarcoplasmic reticulum (HSR) induced by caffeine (1 mM) and BED (10 microM). 3. DBHC (0.1 to 100 microM) inhibited 45Ca2+ release induced by Ca2+ from HSR in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. DBHC (100 microM) abolished 45Ca2+ release induced by caffeine (1 mM) and BED (10 microM) in HSR. 5. Inhibitory effects of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) blockers such as procaine, ruthenium red and Mg2+ on 45Ca2+ release were clearly observed at Ca2+ concentrations from pCa 7 to pCa 5.5, and were decreased at Ca2+ concentrations higher than pCa 5.5 or lower than pCa 7. However, DBHC decreased Ca2+ release induced by Ca2+ over the wide range of extravesicular Ca2+ concentrations. 6. [3H]-ryanodine binding to HSR was suppressed by ruthenium red, Mg2+ and procaine, but was not affected by DBHC up to 100 microM. 7. [3H]-ryanodine binding to HSR was enhanced by caffeine and BED. DBHC antagonized the enhancement in a concentration-dependent manner. 8. 9-[3H]-Methyl-7-bromo-eudistomin D, an 3H-labelled analogue of BED, specifically bound to HSR. Both DBHC and caffeine increased the KD value without affecting the Bmax value, indicating a competitive mode of inhibition. 9. These results suggest that DBHC binds to the caffeine binding site to block Ca2+ release from HSR. This drug is a novel type of inhibitor for the CICR channels in SR and may provide a useful tool for clarifying the Ca2+ releasing mechanisms in SR.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A eficácia probante da sentença trabalhista na esfera previdenciária = The probative effectiveness of labor judgments in the social security scope

Submitted by Eliana null (leila@stj.jus.br) on 2017-09-13T12:40:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 eficacia_probante_sentenca_floriani.pdf: 157112 bytes, checksum: 89ebfaff9127cfe979dcc4da11b4acf7 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5)

Topic: Brazilian Legal Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
From Text to Treatment: An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Healthcare

This paper delves into the expanding domain of artificial intelligence in healthcare, spotlighting the pivotal role of AI-driven Chatbot systems. These Chatbots represent not just conversational agents but transformative forces poised to revolutionize healthcare. Amid the mounting challenges in securing timely medical consultations, our paper introduces an innovative concept: a medical Chatbot empowered by AI. Imagine a Chatbot that transcends its traditional role and undertakes disease diagnosis and delivers essential medical insights before users consult healthcare professionals, offering both convenience and cost savings. At its core, this healthcare innovation operates as a natural language interaction program, leveraging AI's discerning power. It adeptly identifies keywords in user input from its extensive database, generating contextually relevant responses, and further refines responses by ranking and calculating sentence similarities. Our study ambitiously explores users' willingness to embrace these AI-driven health Chatbots, underlining their transformative potential in addressing healthcare accessibility and affordability challenges. The Chatbot, with its ability to engage in natural language conversations, emerges not just as a tool but as a cornerstone in reshaping healthcare delivery. This paper delivers through the journey from text-based information to tangible healthcare treatments, orchestrated seamlessly through the integration of AI-driven Chatbot systems, envisioning a future where healthcare delivery is redefined, offering a new dimension of medical care.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lie super-bialgebra structures on a class of generalized super $W$-algebra $\mathfrak{L}$

In this paper, Lie super-bialgebra structures on a class of generalized super $W$-algebra $\mathfrak{L}$ are investigated. By proving the first cohomology group of $\mathfrak{L}$ with coefficients in its adjoint tensor module is trivial, namely, $H^1(\mathfrak{L},\mathfrak{L}\otimes {\mathfrak{L}})=0$, we obtain that all Lie super-bialgebra structures on $\mathfrak{L}$ are triangular coboundary.

Topic: Advanced Topics in Algebra
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE EUROPEAN UNION FORUM ON KIDS' SAFETY IN INTERNET SIF 2019

The article provides an overview of the activities of the European Union Forum on kids' safety in Internet — Safer Internet Forum (SIF) 2019, which was held in Brussels, Belgium, in November 2019. The current Internet risks addressed by the World Wide Web users, especially children, are described.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical features and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across the Asia Pacific region—the <scp>GO ASIA</scp> initiative

Summary Background The Gut and Obesity Asia ( GO ASIA ) workgroup was formed to study the relationships between obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. Aim To study factors associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) and advanced fibrosis, and medical treatment of biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) patients. Methods Retrospective study of biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients from centres in the GO ASIA Workgroup. Independent factors associated with NASH and with advanced fibrosis on binary logistic regression analyses in a training cohort were used for the development of their corresponding risk score, which were validated in a validation cohort. Results We included 1008 patients from nine centres across eight countries ( NASH 62.9%, advanced fibrosis 17.2%). Independent predictors of NASH were body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 , diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, alanine aminotransferase ≥88 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase ≥38 U/L, constituting the Asia Pacific NASH risk score. A high score has a positive predictive value of 80%‐83% for NASH . Independent predictors of advanced fibrosis were age ≥55 years, diabetes mellitus and platelet count &lt;150 × 10 9 /L, constituting the Asia‐Pacific NAFLD advanced fibrosis risk score. A low score has a negative predictive value of 95%‐96% for advanced fibrosis. Only 1.7% of patients were referred for structured lifestyle program, 4.2% were on vitamin E, and 2.4% were on pioglitazone. Conclusions More severe liver disease can be suspected or ruled out based on factors identified in this study. Utilisation of structured lifestyle program, vitamin E and pioglitazone was limited despite this being a cohort of biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients with majority of patients having NASH .

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Troll in Toll: Mal and Tram as bridges for TLR2 and TLR4 signaling

Signaling by two of the most important bacteria-sensing TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4, involves two adaptor proteins, MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) and Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-? (Trif)-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). Recently, new insights into the functioning of these two adapters have emerged. Mal is required by both TLRs to act as a bridge to recruit the adaptor MyD88, leading ultimately to NF-B activation. Similarly, TRAM acts as a bridge to recruit TRIF to the TLR4 complex, leading to activation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3. Consistent with Mal and TRAM being key points of control, recent evidence suggests that they are subject to regulation by phosphorylation. Further, a variant in Mal in humans has been found to protect against multiple infectious diseases. Finally, another TIR domain-containing adaptor, sterile and HEAT/armadillo motif protein (SARM), has been shown to act as an inhibitor of TRIF-dependent signaling. These recent discoveries add to the complexity of TLR signaling and highlight specific control mechanisms for TLR2 and TLR4 signaling.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>Unmasking Methodist Theology</i>C. Marsh, B. Beck, A. Shier-Jones, H. Wareing (eds)

(2005). Unmasking Methodist Theology C. Marsh, B. Beck, A. Shier-Jones, H. Wareing (eds) Rural Theology: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 57-59.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A bridge between the single-photon and squeezed-vacuum states

The two modes of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quadrature entangled state generated by parametric down-conversion interfere on a beam splitter of variable splitting ratio. Detection of a photon in one of the beam splitter output channels heralds preparation of a signal state in the other, which is characterized using homodyne tomography. By controlling the beam splitting ratio, the signal state can be chosen anywhere between the single-photon and squeezed state.

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study on Factors affecting College Graduates’ Entry into the Early Labor Market: Focusing on the Burden of Student Loan Repayment

학자금 대출제도는 경제적 어려움으로 인해 교육의 기회를 얻지 못하는 청년들에게 학업을 지속할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다. 그러나 교육기회 불평등 완화의 이면에는 대출로 인한 경제적 부담과 그로 인해 발생된 초기노동시장 진입효과에 대해서는 사회적으로 고민해야 할 문제이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학자금 대출요인을 중심으로 대졸자의 초기노동시장 진입에 미치는 영향을 임금과 취업의 질(정규직, 대기업)을 분석하여 학자금 대출의 효과를 확인하고 청년들의 취업문제와 노동시장 정책이 나아가야 할 방향에 대해 분석하였다.BR 실증분석결과, 대졸자의 초기노동시장 진입에 있어 학자금 대출요인(대출여부, 상환부담)은 월평균임금에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 정규직 취업과 대기업 취업에는 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 학자금 대출제도가 일정 부분 경제적 안정을 주었지만 이는 일시적인 유예를 준 것이며 장기적으로는 대출금 상환부담이 여전히 존재하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 대졸자들의 초기노동시장 진입에 있어 대출상환부담을 줄일수 있는 방안과 더불어 일자리 미스매치를 완화할 수 있는 매칭 시스템 구축의 필요성을 제안하고 있다. 또한 일자리 문제를 건강한 노동시장 형성의 관점으로 바라보아야 함을 제안하고 있다.

Topic: Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article considers current problems of modern military psychology in the field of psychological support of militaryprofessional activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine personnel and identifies the main content elements of psychological support in troops (forces), which include: monitoring, analysis, assessment and forecasting of negative factors and conditions; maintenance and development of psychological stability; organization of psychological selection of specialists; psychological and psychophysiological support; study of the socio-psychological climate in military units; consulting and methodological assistance to commanders on psychological support. Analyzed: normative legal acts and empirical experience of psychological support organization in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; activities of the Psychological Service, its tasks and functions; features of the professional psychological selection organization, psychological training of personnel, psychological support of hostilities, psychological assistance, psychological decompression of personnel after removal from the area of Joint operation, psychological rehabilitation and readaptation. The elements of the psychological selection system, psychological training, psychological support, psychological rehabilitation and readaptation are considered on the basis. The main emotional states and fears of servicemen at different stages of combat missions have been clarified. The organizational system of psychological assistance and rehabilitation of personnel and the task of psychological service specialists to take measures to restore the mental state of servicemen, using the methods of mental self-regulation and self-control. Ways to improve the system of psychological support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the security and defense sector of Ukraine are proposed.

Topic: Military, Security, and Education Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CONCEPT OF CO-PRODUCTION AND THE URBAN POOR'S HOUSING CHALLENGE IN BANGLADESH

Co-production is more than an idea; it is a gathering of thoughts collaborating to find common results. Co-production within the community becomes successful when the community people lead their processes themselves. Through this theme, the communities can enhance their capacity to respond constructively to future problems. Besides, community people, the government, and other organizations play important roles in regulating, financing, and managing the whole process, being potential actors. Slowly, a transformation is taking place in the relationships between the stakeholders—that is, being equal partners in development. This type of relationship strengthens the sustainability of community development initiatives. In some cases, the application of co-production at the grassroots for a better life has encountered numerous challenges limiting participation at various levels. Our study aims at exploring the concept of co-production in housing scenarios, identifying the outcomes of this concept by indicating active roles encountering diverse ways that actors and participants may face challenges to make it successful in the housing process. This paper also focuses on finding out the benefits and drawbacks of co-production in housing and the effectiveness of management policies in the context of Bangladesh. For achieving these objectives, an effective literature review of the existing knowledge on this theme of “Co-Production” has been followed as the study methodology. The results from this study depict that co-production within a community can be an alternative approach to addressing the housing issues of the underprivileged community of society. Although having the challenges of socio-economic and political dynamics, a flexible participatory approach to co-production can be successful in Bangladesh, with an appropriate management policy undertaken by the stakeholders.

Topic: Urban and Rural Development Challenges
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences