jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Significant Production Enhancement of Extended Reach, Prolific Gas Lift Oil Wells -- Case History of Systematic Problem Resolution

Abstract Most oil wells producing from the Glauconite YY Pool of the Lake Newell field in Southern Alberta, Canada have very high flow capacities. Wellbore operations are complicated by the configuration of the slant wells with surface angles of 45 that can reach 75 at bottom and horizontal displacements in excess of 6600 ft. During the development of this field, it was determined that there was a full cycle economic advantage to utilize gas lift as the primary artificial lift scheme because of the extended reach slant wellbore configurations. In 1996 opportunities to economically enhance production and accelerate recovery were identified in several of these gas lifted wells. Wellbore performance could not be matched to any theoretical tubular flow simulation thus a significant effort was made to understand these differences which, after consultation with various international experts, still did not offer a definitive explanation. Some of the production impairment mechanisms considered were phase separation and stratification of fluids (water, oil, and gas) in the tubing, wax/paraffin formation, and unknown fluid rheologies. An attempt to production log one well was unsuccessful because the well ceased to produce with the decreased flow diameter of coiled tubing inside 2.875 inch production tubing. Since some wells are producing at drawdowns as low as 5%, significant production enhancement opportunities still needed to be pursued along with identifying the welibore production impairment mechanism. Larger diameter tubing (3.5 inch) was run in a 70% water cut well increasing production from 850 BLPD to 1130 BLPD, which was still significantly lower than theoretical rates of 3150 BLPD. A demulsifier chemical, that the cross functional property team had previously identified as being effective in reducing high pressure drops in surface piping, was introduced into the injection gas stream. Two days after chemical injection began, the well started to produce at theoretically predicted production rates; however, it was very unstable and would cycle to original rates for long periods of time followed by very high rates again due to changing annular fluid levels. This prompted the installation of a chemical injection capillary tubing to bottom resulting in sustained production of 3000 BLPD: a 150% increase and near the theoretically predicted rates. This paper will sequentially outline the diagnostic and operational methodology used to solve the very difficult problems encountered with unconventional wellbores and fluids. It will emphasize the value of teamwork in problem resolution and demonstrate that perseverance in working through a problem or issue follows a modified Shewhart Cycle. The well improvements outlined in this paper have significantly contributed to enhancing the economic oil recovery of the YY Pool. P. 67

Topic: Oil and Gas Production Techniques
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Magnetic Ion Exchange Interactions in NiO–MgO Solid Solutions

In this work, a review of recent experimental data and their interpretation for NicMg1−c O solid solutions is given. In particular, the influence of exchange interactions between Ni2+ ions on the structural, optical, magnetic, and vibrational properties is discussed.

Topic: Multiferroics and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pseudomonas kilonensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from agricultural soil

A total of 131 bacterial isolates related to Pseudomonas corrugata were obtained from an agricultural soil from northern Germany. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, PCR-based genome fingerprinting and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, they formed two groups, A (119 strains) and B (12 strains). As members of each group were highly similar, a single strain of each group was subsequently characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The selected member of group A was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas brassicacearum, whereas the selected member of group B was distinct from other species of the genus Pseudomonas. Although DNA–DNA hybridization suggested a close affiliation of the group B strain with P. brassicacearum and Pseudomonas thivervalensis and ribotyping suggested a close affiliation with P. brassicacearum, RAPD data, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic characterization indicated the presence of a distinct taxonomic entity. This strain differed from the type strains of P. thivervalensis and P. brassicacearum in 10 and 12 metabolic properties, respectively, whereas the two organisms differ from one another by only two properties. Strains of group B are therefore considered to be members of a new species, for which the name Pseudomonas kilonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 520-20T (flDSM 13647T flCFBP 5372T).

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hep88 mAb-initiated paraptosis-like PCD pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line through the binding of mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent hepatic cancer worldwide. Currently, a targeted therapy via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to tumor-associated antigen is undergoing continual development in HCC treatment. In this regard, after establishing and consequently exploring Hep88 mAb's tumoricidal effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cell line), the Hep88 mAb's specific antigens from both membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of HepG2 cell line were identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. After in-gel digestion and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase were identified. The recombinant proteins specific to Hep88 mAb were cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Moreover, alteration of HepG2 and Chang liver cell line after being induced by Hep88 mAb for 1–3 days was investigated using a transmission electron microscope. The result demonstrated that Hep88 mAb can bind to the recombinant mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase. In addition, the gradual appearing of mitochondria vacuolization and endoplasmic reticulum dilatation were observed. Those characteristics might be explained by the paraptosis-like program cell death (PCD), which is induced by the binding of Hep88 mAb to mortalin (HSPA9). Mortalin depletion resulting from the formation of Hep88 mAb-mortalin (HSPA9) complex might initiate transcription-independence of p53-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, Hep88mAb-alpha-enolase complex might initiate HepG2 cells energy exhaustion by glycolysis pathway obstruction. These fascinating results imply that Hep88 mAb might be a promising tool for the development of an effective treatment of HCC in the next decade.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigating the impact of media coverage on data breach fatigue

In this paper, we present some preliminary results on a user study which was geared to obtain a better understanding for the relevance and impact of how the media reports on data breaches. Specifically, we conducted a study to investigate whether or not there is a correlation between the media coverage of data breaches and the perceived data breach fatigue among the general public.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Ligustrazine Derivatives as Anti-Tumor Agents

To discover new anti-cancer agents with multi-effect and low toxicity, a series of ligustrazine derivatives were synthesized using several effective anti-tumor ingredients of Shiquandabu Wan as starting materials. Our idea was enlightened by the “combination principle” in drug discovery. The ligustrazine derivatives’ anti-tumor activities were evaluated on the HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A-549 and A2780 human cancer cell lines. In addition the angiogenesis activities were valued by the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. 1,7-bis(4-(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (4) and 3 α,12 α-dihydroxy-5β-dholanic acid-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-methyl ester (5) not only displayed antiproliferative activities on these cancer cells, but also dramatically suppressed normal angiogenesis in CAM. The LD50 value of the compound 5 exceeded 3.0 g/kg by oral administration in mice.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement: Comparison between the Sunvou-CA2122 analyzer and the NIOX VERO analyzer

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been developed as a useful marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and is widely used in clinical practice due to its convenience and noninvasiveness. There are two NO analyzers commonly used in China: the Sunvou-CA2122 Analyzer (NOS) and the NIOX VERO Analyzer (NOV). However, the relationships between the two devices have not yet been reported. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation and differences in the FeNO levels measured by the two devices. FeNO levels were measured by both NOS and NOV in 107 adult patients with asthma. The asthma control test (ACT) score and lung function were also evaluated. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn). NOS yielded generally higher FeNO values than NOV [median (range): 87.0 (16 ∼ 276) vs 58.0 (9 ∼ 228); <i>p</i> &lt; .001], and the difference increased with increasing FeNO levels. There was a high degree of correlation between FeNO values obtained with both devices (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.878, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). However, the Bland–Altman plot showed a low degree of agreement, with a mean difference of –0.16 between logFeNO<sub>NOS</sub> and logFeNO<sub>NOV</sub> (95% CI: –0.45 ∼ 0.14). The conversion equation was calculated as follows: logFeNO<sub>NOS</sub>= 0.027 + 0.904× logFeNO<sub>NOV.</sub> This was the first report to compare FeNO levels measured by NOS and NOV, showing a strongly positive correlation and a low degree of consistency between the two devices. Further prospective studies are required to verify our conclusions and determine the validity of the equation.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure S5 from A Novel Therapeutic Strategy Targeting the Mesenchymal Phenotype of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Suppressing LSD1

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5 shows role of MFGE8 in MPM.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolutionary Ethics

Michael Ruse has argued that evolutionary ethics discredits the objectivity and foundations of ethics. Ruse must employ dubitable assumptions, however, to reach his conclusion. We can trace these assumptions to G. E. Moore. Also, part of Ruse’s case against the foundations of ethics can support the objectivity and foundations of ethics. Cooperative activity geared toward human flourishing helps point the way to a naturalistic moral realism and not exclusively to ethical skepticism as Ruse supposes.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Current and Potential Equal Employment Role of the NLRB

Recent decisions have raised the possibility that the National Labor Relations Act may become a full-fledged equal employment statute.It has long been recognized that a right exists to bring suit against unions to enforce their duty of fair representation.The obligation was initially read into the Railway Labor Act in Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway 1 and has been extended to the National Labor Relations Act under the Steele rationale. 2Originally, the right was enforceable only in the courts, but in the 1960's the National Labor Relations Board began treating violations of the duty of fair representation as unfair labor practices, remediable under the Board's own special procedures. 3Although judicial affirmance of these decisions brought the Board power to deal with equal employment violations by unions, it has had no power to similarly deal with employers.This gap may have been filled by a novel theory recently adopted by the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in United Packinghouse Workers v. NLRB. 4 The court held that the existence of discriminatory working conditions constitutes

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bring back order in the polymethine dye medley: Classification, structure and spectra

The term polymethine dyes was introduced by Walter König in 1922 and four years later he created a general classification of polymethine dyes. In current terms polymethine dyes are characterized by a conjugated chain of (2n + 1) sp2-hybridized carbon atoms that connects a terminal π-electron accepting group and a terminal π-electron donating group. The second feature is an odd number 2n + 3 of π-centres and an even number 2n + 4 of π-electrons, where n is equal to the number of –C(R) = C(R′)– groups (usually vinylene groups –CHCH–). These features confer special structure-absorption relationships on the class owing to their strong influence over the nature of possible transitions from the electronic ground state and thus dye absorption spectra. Over the years, the general definition has been divided into sub-classes - in some instances, not systematically - with a great diversity of complete different chemical structures, belonging to the polymethine dyes. Some of these aspects have been forgotten or overlooked or even misunderstood and such mistakes have been propagated in the literature. In this review an attempt is made to bring clarity to the nomenclature of dye sub-classes, the history of the respective terms and to highlight common structural features.

Topic: Dye analysis and toxicity
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in non-ventilated preterm babies

Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), a disease of diverse aetiologies, characterized by suprasystemic pulmonary vascular resistance causing a right-to-left shunt, marked hypoxemia and acidosis. Currently ventilatory support and vasodilators form the mainstay of treatment for PPHN. A non-ventilatory approach is most often the only option available in resourcelimited setting. Objective-To study the effect of oral sildenafil as a treatment for PPHN in a resource-limited setting. Study design: Observational case study Methods – Six non-ventilated preterm neonates presenting as respiratory distress were studied. They had an increased pulmonary artery pressure and a bi-directional or right-to-left shunt. They received oral sildenafil 0.5mg/kg/dose/12h. Clinical and echocardiographic findings before and after the treatment were compared. ResultsA favourable clinical and echo-cardiographic response was observed in 5/6 neonates. One neonate died. ConclusionOral sildenafil is useful in the treatment of PPHN in preterm neonates, when non-ventilatory treatment is the only available option.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interrelation between fibrosis, angiogenesis and ductular reaction in progression of chronic steatohepatitis (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) and hepatitis C virus infection

Most specific morphologic signs of chronic hepatitis were studied at early stages of the diseases. Aim. To elucidate the interrelation between fibrosis, angiogenesis and ductular reaction in chronic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C viral infection at the stage of cirrhotic transformation. Methods and results. 45 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) at the stage of cirrhotic transformation were enrolled in this study and underwent clinicopathologic examination. The measures of fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and regeneration employed were α-SMA, CD34 and CK19 immunopositive cells respectively. The correlations of these factors with ASH, NASH and HCV were elucidated. Significant ductular reaction was observed only in HCV, whereas low CK19 index could be observed in ASH and NASH. CK19 index in HCV positively correlated with septal fibrosis and angiogenesis. The hepatic neovascularization is proportional to the degree of liver fibrosis in all three diseases. Conclusion. The results indicate that ductular reaction plays an important role in HCV progression at the stage of cirrhotic transformation whereas fibrosis and angiogenesis prevail in ASH and NASH at the stage of cirrhotic transformation.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Olympic Games: Meeting New Global Challenges

1. Reflecting upon the Olympic movement: issues and influences David Hassan and Shakya Mitra 2. Managing the size of the Olympic Games Jean-Loup Chappelet 3. Global localities: Olympic bidding as a case study in globalization Molly C. Tolzmann 4. In search of an Olympic Legacy: the story of India's failed Olympic bid Kausik Bandyopadhyay 5. London 2012: multiculturalism, diversity and the Indian perspective Shakya Mitra 6. Securing the Olympics: At what price? David Hassan 7. Football and the Olympics and the Paralympics Kevin Moore 8. London 2012, Chariots of Fire resurrected and Colombes stadium today: hype, history, and Olympic realities Robert B. Kebric 9. Between tightness and looseness: the politics of the London Games in light of the Beijing Games Hans Bonde

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Symbolic dynamics: entropy = dimension = complexity

Let $G$ be the group $\mathbb{Z}^d$ or the monoid $\mathbb{N}^d$ where $d$ is a positive integer. Let $X$ be a subshift over $G$, i.e., a closed and shift-invariant subset of $A^G$ where $A$ is a finite alphabet. We prove that the topological entropy of $X$ is equal to the Hausdorff dimension of $X$ and has a sharp characterization in terms of the Kolmogorov complexity of finite pieces of the orbits of $X$. In the version of this paper that has been published in Theory of Computing Systems, the proof of Lemma 4.3 contains a confusing typographical error. This version of the paper corrects that error.

Topic: Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies on germination behaviour of Rubus ellipticus seeds collected from different seed sources in Himachal Pradesh, India

A seed germination trial was conducted to study the germination behaviour of Rubus ellipticus seeds collected from different sources in Himachal Pradesh. Significant differences were observed in the germination per cent of seeds collected from different sources. The maximum germination of 84.00% was recorded in seeds collected from the Darlaghat source whereas the minimum germination of 59.00% was recorded in seeds collected from Bharan in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. The seeds collected from Shoghi recorded the highest moisture content of 6.46% whereas the minimum moisture content of 5.39% was recorded from seeds collected from Joharji in the Solan district. The maximum seed weight of 0.07 g (100 seeds) was recorded in seeds collected from Joharji, whereas, the minimum seed weight of 0.05 g was recorded in seeds collected from Beolia in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. It is recommended on the basis of the present investigation that seeds of R. ellipticus be collected from the Darlaghat seed source in Solan district for the raising of seedlings in the nursery owing to better germination.

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1538963: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
REVIEW Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

The exact patho-aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains elusive. An extremely complicated and multifactorial interaction among various genetic and environmental factors is probably involved. Multiple genes contribute to disease susceptibility. The interaction of sex, hormonal milieu, and the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis modifies this susceptibility and the clinical expression of the disease. Defective immune regulatory mechanisms, such as the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes, are important contributors to the development of SLE. The loss of immune tolerance, increased antigenic load, excess T cell help, defective B cell suppression, and the shifting of T helper 1 (Th1) to Th2 immune responses leads to B cell hyperactivity and

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COVID-ABM Description.

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;We evaluate approaches to vaccine distribution using an agent-based model of human activity and COVID-19 transmission calibrated to detailed trends in cases, hospitalizations, deaths, seroprevalence, and vaccine breakthrough infections in Florida, USA. We compare the incremental effectiveness for four different distribution strategies at four different levels of vaccine supply, starting in late 2020 through early 2022. Our analysis indicates that the best strategy to reduce severe outcomes would be to actively target high disease-risk individuals. This was true in every scenario, although the advantage was greatest for the intermediate vaccine availability assumptions and relatively modest compared to a simple mass vaccination approach under high vaccine availability. Ring vaccination, while generally the most effective strategy for reducing infections, ultimately proved least effective at preventing deaths. We also consider using age group as a practical surrogate measure for actual disease-risk targeting; this approach also outperforms both simple mass distribution and ring vaccination. We find that quantitative effectiveness of a strategy depends on whether effectiveness is assessed after the alpha, delta, or omicron wave. However, these differences in absolute benefit for the strategies do not change the ranking of their performance at preventing severe outcomes across vaccine availability assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences