jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the structural and magnetic properties of the electrodeposited Ni–Fe–P coatings using ANOVA and response surface methods

Ni?Fe?P coatings have been successfully electrodeposited from Iron-Nickel sulfate bath under several conditions: Fe/Ni molar ratio (0.1?0.5), current density (15?55 mA cm(?2)) and solution pH (2?4). The chemical composition, morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the deposits were studied using SEM-EDX, XRD and AGFM techniques. The EDX results showed that the Ni?Fe?P coatings can be classified into two categories named low Fe content and high Fe content. Magnetic hysteresis loops displayed a soft magnetic character for all the deposited coatings. XRD and AGFM results revealed that the High Fe content coatings present a crystalline structure and high saturation magnetization, Ms, while those with low Fe content exhibited an amorphous structure with low Ms values. The central composite design (CCD) methodology using the ANalysis Of VAriances (ANOVA) and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) have been applied to investigate the main and the interaction effects of several electroplating parameters on the crystalline phase proportion, CP, and the saturation magnetization, Ms, of the deposits. The ANOVA results showed that Fe/Ni ratio and pH are the most significant factors on the studied properties. A relationship between the factors and the studied responses (CP and Ms) has been established via a linear and quadratic model. A perfect agreement between the experimental and the predicted values is confirmed by high correlation coefficient values: R-2;=;0.97 for CP and 0.92 for Ms. The optimal factors required for the best properties of Fe?Ni?P coatings have been determined by the desirability function.

Topic: Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
“A Moment of Science, Please”: Activism, Community, and Humor at the March for Science

In April 2017, scientists and science sympathizers held marches in the United Kingdom as part of a coordinated international March for Science movement that was held in over 600 cities worldwide. This article reports from participant-observation studies of the marches that took place in London and Cardiff. Supplemented with data from 37 interviews from marchers at the London event, the article reports on an analysis of the placards, focusing on marchers’ concerns and the language and images through which they expressed those concerns. How did the protesters articulate their concerns and objectives, and how were these articulations used to build a community? The placards did not represent a clear, focused, and unifying message; they instead illustrated disparate concerns ranging from human-induced climate change, Trump and “alternative facts,” and local UK specific political issues concerning the country’s exit from the European Union. Our analysis shows that placards gave a playful and whimsical character to the march, with slogans displaying significant amounts (and moments) of humor, often formulated through insider jokes, scientific puns, or self-deprecating appropriation of negative stereotypes about scientists. We analyze the march through the social movement literature and as a collective identity-building exercise for an (emergent) community of scientists and sympathizers with long-term aims of establishing a louder voice for scientists, and experts, in public discourse.

Topic: Humor Studies and Applications
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Forming of Self-consciousness and Professional Motivation in a Young People with Autism and Severe Developmental Disorders Who are Learning Professional Skills

Paper presents comprehension of the process of professional skills learning in young people with severe complex developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. Unity of the process of self-consciousness development and formation of professional motivation is revealed through the mechanism of shifting the motive to the goal. Author shows the realization of this consolidated process in the conditions of a creative craft workshop, based on her work as a psychologist in the Center of social adaptation and professional training, Technological college № 21. The case from the work in a sewing and weaving workshop described.

Topic: Psychology of Development and Education
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Interculturalizing Religious Education—Mission Completed?

In 1996 the German Länder started the ‘mission’ to interculturalize all subjects, including religious education (RE). Interculturalizing also applies for RE taught in conformity with the oldest model for RE. In so-called ‘confessional RE’ at state schools, it is the Catholic teacher who teaches children of several classes of the same year in one denominational RE group. The Protestant teacher teaches children whose parents ticked off “Protestant RE”. How this model came into existence is displayed in a historical introduction of this chapter. However, a newer model called ‘cooperative RE’ is gaining popularity. In various schools there is ecumenical education by both Catholic and Protestant staff or multireligious education by Jewish, Christian, or Muslim teachers. New publications on this latter model have a focus on organizational matters, but also shed a light on interreligious learning. However, in this chapter the focus is on how intercultural issues are dealt with in the classroom within the first model. After all, confessional RE is still the standard and most common model in Germany. Therefore, this article will focus on Protestant confessional RE that is not organized in cooperation with Islamic, Jewish, or Catholic colleagues.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Some monomethyl‐branched fatty acids from ruminant fats: Open‐tubular GLC separations and indications of substitution on even‐numbered carbon

Abstract Isomeric methyl esters of fatty acids in three groups (C 15 , C 17 , C 19 ) have been isolated from ruminant fats. Basic structural analysis by physiochemical techniques indicated that these odd‐numbered fatty acids were even chain with a single methyl branch on the chain. High resolution open‐tubular gas liquid chromatographic studies indicate that, with the exception of iso acid impurities in these fractions, only even‐numbered carbons of the fatty acid chains bear the methyl branch.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Mismatch Repair Gene Polymorphisms and their Contribution to Colorectal Cancer and its Subsets

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Approximately 15% of all CRCs develop via the mutator pathway, which results from a deficiency of mismatch repair (MMR) system and leads to genome-wide microsatellite instability (MSI). MLH1 promoter hypermethylation accounts for the majority of MSI CRCs. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in MMR genes, however their functional roles in affecting MMR system, and therefore susceptibility to MSI CRCs, are unknown. This study uses a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular genetics, epigenetics, and epidemiology to examine the contribution of MMR gene polymorphisms in CRC. Among a panel of MMR SNPs examined, the MLH1 (-93G&gt;A) promoter polymorphism (rs1800734) was shown to be associated with increased risk of MSI CRCs in two Canadian populations, Ontario and Newfoundland. Functional studies of the MLH1-93G&gt;A polymorphism indicate that it has weak effects on the core promoter activity, although it dramatically reduces activity of the shorter promoter constructs in a panel of cell lines. Furthermore, MLH1 gene shares a bi-directional promoter with EMP2AIP1 gene, and the MLH1-93G&gt;A polymorphism increases the activity of the reverse, EPM2AIP1 promoter. Examination of alternative role of the MLH1-93G&gt;A polymorphism in MSI-H CRCs led to evaluation of a 500-kilobase pair chromosome 3 region around the MLH1 gene and identification of two additional SNPs, rs749072 and rs13098279, which are in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1800734. All three SNPs showed strong associations with MLH1 promoter methylation, loss of MLH1 protein expression, and MSI-H CRCs in three populations, Ontario, Newfoundland, and Seattle. Such findings potentially implicate genetic susceptibility to DNA methylation. Logistic regression models for MSI-H versus non-MSI-H CRCs demonstrate that models including MLH1 IHC status and MLH1 promoter methylation status fit the data most parsimoniously in all three populations combined, however, when rs1800734/rs749072/rs13098279 was added to this model, polymorphisms no longer remained significant indicating that the observed associations of these polymorphisms with the MSI-H CRCs occur through their effect on DNA methylation. This study identified a novel mechanism in which common missense alterations may contribute to complex disease.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Wideband I/Q Recording At Vu2Ptt For 160M Ham Radio Band During August 21, 2017 Solar Eclipse In Usa

Recorded by Prasad Rajagopal, VU2PTT in Bangalore, India Location: Latitude 12°58'24.8"N, Longitude 77°39'15.7"E Grid Locator: MK82tx Recorded using Skimmer Server &amp; CWSL File Playback: Each time stamped I/Q file is a 15 minute slice and can be played back with HDSDR software Antenna was a full size 1/4 wave vertical on 40m (7 MHz) Receiver was a QS1R SDR capable of simultaneously recording 7 bands @ 192 kHz bandwidth

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of the Optimal Color Space from Eight Types of Color Spaces for Distinguishing Small Retinal Hemorrhages from Dust Artifacts

To determine the optimal color space from eight types of color spaces for distinguishing small retinal hemorrhages from dust artifacts in cases of early diabetic retinopathy. We constructed an experimental device, which comprised an illumination optical system and a photographic optical system separated by a mirror having a hole. This device included a canon EOS 50D camera, an EF 50 mm f/1.8–2 camera lens, a Speedlite 270EX flash, an object lens, four double-convex lenses, three aperture stops, and six artificial eyes. The hemispherical eye ground was made of polythene terephthalate, which was painted with six matt color sprays: red, coffee, ocher, yellow, ivory, and orange. Five fragments of house dust on the object lens and the two lenses were photographed under each artificial eye. The RGB color space, measured by Paint Shop Pro from pictures, was changed into seven types of color spaces: XYZ, CMY, HSL, HSV, HSI, L*a*b*, and L*u*v*. The L*u*v* color space was the optimal one as it demonstrated the highest sensitivity and the best reproducibility. This result demonstrated that this color space could distinguish small hemorrhages from dust artifacts. Next, we analyzed the L*u*v* color space and compared the following three types of house dust positions: "on an object lens," "on a photographic optical system," and "on an illumination optical system." The house dust position "on an object lens" had the highest sensitivity and the best reproducibility. However, the positions "on a photographic optical system" and "on an illumination optical system" had high sensitivity and good reproducibility only under certain conditions. In addition, no differences were found among the six types of fundus colors.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fluorine in surface and suprapermafrost waters in Central Yakutia

Аннотация.На основе обобщения результатов гидрохимических работ, выполненных сотрудниками ИМЗ СО РАН с 1984 по 2019 г., выяснено распределение фтора в пресных и слабосолоноватых поверхностных и надмерзлотных водах Центральной Якутии.Оптимальная концентрация фтора в питьевых водах, согласно санитарным требованиям, составляет 0,5-1,0 мг/л при предельно-допустимой 1,2-1,5 мг/л.Избыточное потребление фтора приводит к нарушениям в костномышечной, нейроэндокринной и сердечно-сосудистой системах, а недостаток -к формированию кариеса зубов.Для проведения исследований использованы химические анализы водных проб из поверхностных водотоков и водоемов (479 проб), а также из подземных вод зоны свободного водообмена (375 проб).Установлено, что в водах рек и в подземных водах подрусловых таликов среднее содержание фтора составляет не более 0,3 мг/л и не достигает оптимального уровня для питьевых вод.В водах озер и в таликах под водно-эрозионными и тукулановыми озерами также отмечается дефицит фтора.Однако, в непроточных озерах, в катионном составе воды которых более 50 % приходится на натрий-ион, содержание фтора может превышать 1,5 мг/л, а в водах таликов под непроточными термокарcтовыми озерами его концентрация и вовсе достигает 3,2 мг/л.Насыщение надмерзлотных вод фтором может происходить на участках их разгрузки под влиянием процессов криогенной дезинтеграции водовмещающих пород и метаморфизации химического состава воды при фазовых переходах, которые приводят к выпадению из раствора кальцита, повышению его рН и накоплению фтора.Ключевые слова: фтор, река Лена, малые реки, озера, талики, надмерзлотные воды, химический состав Благодарности.Работа частично выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, грант № 20-05-00670.Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность Бойцовой Л

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Differences in Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior in Depressed and Nondepressed Individuals

Recent research has indicated an association between depression and lack of social skill. The present investigation sought to extend these findings to the self-monitoring of expressive behavior by administering Snyder's (1974) Self-monitoring Scale and Beck's (1967) Depression Inventory to samples from two very different populations, community-residing women volunteers and psychiatric patients. It was predicted that nondepressed subjects would tend to be high in self-monitoring their expressive behavior, while depressed subjects would tend to monitor their expressive behavior less. Data from both samples supported this hypothesis and were discussed as evidence for the validity of the self-monitoring scale.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Information exchange links, knowledge exposure, and adoption of agricultural technologies in Northern Uganda

Recent evidence has shown that direct provision of agricultural training to selected individuals as knowledge injection points (IPs) can help to implement a farmer to farmer extension approach. This study systematically assesses the determinants of information exchange links between trained IPs and their neighbors and the subsequent effect on awareness, knowledge, and adoption of improved varieties of maize and groundnuts and conservation farming. Using a panel dataset from northern Uganda, results of econometric analysis showed that ‘proximity’ in terms of sex, education, assets, and cultivated land, influenced information exchange links. Information exchange links increased awareness and knowledge for all the technologies, and adoption of maize varieties. Selection criterion for IPs, therefore, matters and considering ‘proximity’ between IPs and other farmers is important in designing farmer to farmer extension programs.

Topic: Agricultural Innovations and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Watermelon mosaic virus in the Czech Republic, its recent and historical origins

Abstract Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is a potyvirus and a member of the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) lineage. It is one of the most economically important viral pathogens of cucurbits worldwide and was first reported in the Czech Republic in 2011 from serological surveys (2005–2011). In this study, we confirmed this identification by determining the complete coding regions of five Czech WMV isolates using high‐throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing (MW188031; OP585149–OP585152), together with the coat protein (CP) genes of 26 additional isolates. Phylogenies were made from these and more than 128 genomes or 128 CP genes from GenBank. They showed that the Czech isolates were most closely related to other European isolates, but, surprisingly, 96.2% of the genomes were recombinant. The nonrecombinant sequences mostly came from basal isolates, all originating from China, and some from unusual hosts ( Ailanthus altissima , Alcea rosea and Panax ginseng ). The complete WMV genomes form three phylogenetic clades, two of them small and basal, and the third includes all other isolates. Comparative dating suggests that the basal Chinese isolates are descendants of a potyvirus population infecting various dicotyledonous plant species in China at least 2000 years ago. WMV became a crop pathogen around 1000 years ago, a few years after watermelon was taken to northern China and first grown as a crop during the Five Dynasties (907–960 ce ).

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the province of Novara, Italy, and possible role of environmental pollution

Overall, our study did not confirm previous findings of an excess ALS incidence in an area characterised by severe environmental heavy metal pollution, and it suggests the need to interpret with caution clusters identified through mortality data.

Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The increasing problem of wound bacterial burden and infection in acute and chronic soft-tissue wounds caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusions include the fact that both HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA wound infections are rapidly increasing, especially with CA-MRSA. This high incidence requires appropriate wound prediction and management decisions as well as attempts to avoid further cross-contamination and reservoir growth. Topical antimicrobial therapy would seem to be an important component in controlling this tremendous problem. Yet this topic has yet to be adequately addressed.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics of interface-doped MNOS memory devices

The results of an investigation of the characteristics of MNOS memory devices are given in which the interface between the oxide and nitride was doped with a few monolayers of various refractory metals. In particular, write speeds of the order of microseconds could be obtained along with retention times which could be extrapolated to many decades. No temperature dependence could be found for the decay of stored charge between 77 K and 300°C, indicating that retention is normally dominated by Fowler-Nordheim back tunneling from the interface. Long time exposure to high gate voltages and write/erase cycling in excess of 1000 cycles sharply reduces the achievable memory window, and is accompanied by the copious generation of fast surface states, at least in p-channel devices.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Diversity of Harmful Algal Bloom-Triggering Mechanisms and the Complexity of Bloom Initiation

Abstract Mechanisms influencing initiation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are diverse, and are not likely to be mutually exclusive. Rather, initiation of HABs is a result of interactions between processes, which result in biological, physical, and chemical conditions optimal for a bloom. Due to the complexity of some bloom initiation processes, bloom-preventative management may be possible. Results from a modeling exercise and a laboratory experiment indicated that a phytoplankton bloom could be circumvented through manipulation of the nutrient-loading mode, i.e., pulsed vs. continuous loading. These findings, should they prove consistent in more robust field experiments, may provide insights for the development of new management approaches for some HABs. Optimal bloom conditions, however, vary between HAB species. Consequently, it is unlikely that a single management solution will exist. Preventative management efforts will require early warning of HAB initiation, perhaps even before the appearance of an HAB species. An indicator based on the dynamic nature of phytoplankton succession events and phytoplankton species diversity may prove useful for this purpose. Applying this index to an existing plankton data set showed that Microcystis blooms might have been predicted months before the start of the bloom. Keywords: HAB demographicspulsed flowdynamic successionspecies diversity

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Analysis of the Public Transport Financial Subsidies Based on the Inspired Mechanism

Governments in many countries propose the bus system as a priority and give the bus system a large amount of financial subsidies. However, because of the informational asymmetry between the government and the bus company, the bus company has the chance to change the policy loss into operating loss, which will increase the government financial pressure. So it is very important to carry out the evaluation of the supervision, examination and the inspired mechanism of the financial subsidies. In this paper, it analyzes the feasibility of implementing inspired mechanism with every bus subsidies mode, basing on the analysis of the currently existing bus subsidies mode. Using the principal-agent theory, this paper gives out the measuring method of the public transport financial subsidies based on the inspired mechanism. It has a guiding role for the implementation of the bus financial subsidies.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of intestinal surfactant-like particles as a potential reservoir of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

The binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is mediated at the tips of pili by the PapG adhesin, which recognizes the GalK(1-4)Gal disaccharide on the uroepithelial surface. These receptors have been identified unequivocally in the human and murine urinary tracts but not in intestinal epithelium, yet uropathogenic E. coli strains are commonly found in normal colonic microflora. The gastrointestinal tract from duodenum to rectum elaborates a phospholipid-rich membrane particle with surfactant-like properties. In these studies, we report that purified murine particles contain a receptor recognized by the class I PapG adhesin because: (1) PapD^PapG complexes and class I pili bound to surfactant-like particles in a solid-phase assay, whereas binding was not detected in microvillous membranes derived from the same tissues, (2) purified PapD^PapG complex bound to a glycolipid receptor detectable in lipid extracts from the particles, and (3) soluble GalK(1-4)Gal inhibited the adhesin by 72 % from binding to surfactant-like particles. The GalK(1-4)Gal receptor present in the intestinal surfactant-like particle which overlies the intestinal mucosa could provide one means to establish an intestinal habitat for uropathogenic

Topic: Educational Assessment and Improvement
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences