jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Thermodynamics: Rethinking the Science of Climate Change

Statistical analysis shows that climate change is due to human activities. The accepted reason being the greenhouse effect, which is based on the erroneous assumption that homonuclear gases are opaque to thermal energy. The reality is that all polyatomic gases absorb and then radially radiate thermal energy, as proven by their heat capacities. The greenhouse effect, then becomes secondary. Thermal energy generated by human activities is part of Earth’s anthroposphere which is where climate change is measured. Such human-generated thermal energy is absorbed by all our atmosphere’s polyatomic gases, which is then radially radiated by those very gases. Therefore, our whole atmosphere forms Earth’s thermal blanket, and human’s activities becomes the root cause of climate change. Our Sun’s influx starts outside of Earth’s thermal blanket, with much of its visible light reaching Earth’s surface. However, the majority of the Sun’s insolation is at thermal wavelengths, which are readily absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere, and whose energy are then radially radiated by its polyatomic gases.

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cinnamaldehyde Schiff Base Derivatives: A Short Review

Abstract: Schiff bases are aldehyde or ketone like compounds in which the carbonyl group is replaced by an imine or azomethine group. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities. This short review complies the Schiff base derivatives of cinnamaldehyde and the most their applications.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of texture and seismic anisotropy during the onset of subduction

How reliable are shear wave splitting measurements as a means of determining mantle flow direction? This remains a topic of debate, especially in the context of subduction. The answer hinges on whether our current understanding of mineral physics provides enough to accurately translate between seismic observations and mantle deformation. Here, we present an integrated model to simulate strain‐history‐dependent texture development and estimate resulting shear wave splitting in subduction environments. We do this for a mantle flow model that, in its geometry, approximates the double‐sided Molucca Sea subduction system in Eastern Indonesia. We test a single‐sided and a double‐sided subduction case. Results are compared to recent splitting measurements of this region by Di Leo et al. (2012a). The setting lends itself as a case study, because it is fairly young and, therefore, early textures from the slab's descent from the near surface to the bottom of the mantle transition zone—which we simulate in our models—have not yet been overprinted by subsequent continuous steady state flow. Second, it allows us to test the significance of the double‐sided geometry, i.e., the need for a rear barrier to achieve trench‐parallel subslab mantle flow. We demonstrate that although a barrier amplifies trench‐parallel subslab anisotropy due to mantle flow, it is not necessary to produce trench‐parallel fast directions per se. In a simple model of A‐type olivine lattice‐preferred orientation and one‐sided subduction, trench‐parallel fast directions are produced by a combination of simple shear and extension through compression and pure shear in the subslab mantle.

Topic: High-pressure geophysics and materials
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Digital technologies in AIC management

The article presents a study of the current state of the use of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the digital economy involves the use of innovative, digital, cluster, information and computer technologies, as well as new managerial, economic, organizational methods, with fundamentally new properties, which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of production, management and implementation for all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, digital standards, types of digital technologies, the paper considers the types of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of their use for future development. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic scientists-economists on the development of innovations and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex; general scientific research methods (abstract-logical, economic-statistical, etc.) were used, as well as open analytical materials on the development of digital technologies, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the agro-industrial complex, etc. The article reveals that the range of digital technologies currently being created for the agro-industrial complex is diverse and it is aimed at solving a set of problems: growth of output and the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise, introduction of artificial intelligence; creation of insight based on images; determination of the optimal mixture for agronomic products; monitoring the state of crops; methods of automating irrigation and stimulating farmers, etc. As world best practices show, the use of digital technologies in agriculture makes it possible to achieve economic growth in the industry. However, the main problem of introducing digital technologies in agriculture is the high cost of their implementation.

Topic: Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Controversies in psychiatry

Neuroimaging and recent genetics discoveries have raised many questions regarding the current diagnostic criteria of psychiatric diseases and the current classifications used, which are still based on subjective clinical assessment. Despite high-quality research in brain neuroscience and evidence-based guidelines in many psychiatric diseases, some therapeutic issues are still a matter of debate. These controversial issues will be discussed in this 20th anniversary issue.

Topic: Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evidence from Studies of Patient-Reported Outcomes Supports a Policy of Using a Dialysate Sodium Concentration of 140 mEq/L for the Majority of Patients

The best evidence available to guide a policy for prescribing the dialysate sodium concentration, [DNa], comes from large randomly selected observational studies, such as the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). These show that, after adjustment for differences in demographics and comorbidity, using a [DNa] lower than 140 mEq/L is associated with patients taking longer to recover after a dialysis treatment, worse symptoms of kidney failure, a higher score for the burden of kidney disease and worse mental and physical health-related quality of life. It is also associated with greater risks of being admitted to hospital and dying. These outcomes are more important than any medically determined surrogate outcome, such as the control of blood pressure or interdialytic weight gain. The most appropriate policy for prescribing the dialysate sodium concentration is to use a [DNa] of 140 mEq/L for the majority of patients.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analytic properties of the Jost functions

Recently, was developed a new theory of the Jost function, within&#13;\nwhich, it was split in two terms involving on one side, singlevalued&#13;\nanalytic functions of the energy, and on the other, factors&#13;\nresponsible for the existence of the branching-points. For the&#13;\nsingle-valued part of the Jost function, a procedure for the powerseries&#13;\nexpansion around an arbitrary point on the energy plane&#13;\nwas suggested. However, this theory lacks a rigorous proof that&#13;\nthese parts are entire functions of the energy. It also gives an&#13;\nintuitive (not rigorous) derivation of the domain where they are&#13;\nentire. In the present study, we ll this gap by using a method&#13;\nderived from the method of successive approximations.

Topic: Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydrogen Exchange Reaction of Aminobenzoic Acid. II. Platinum catalyzed Hydrogen Exchange Reaction

Platinum catalyzed hydrogen exchange reaction of ortho, meta, and para aminobenzoate with deuterium oxide was studied. Deuterium analysis was carried out by nuclea magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and the NMR spectra of aminobenzoic acids and their derivatives were examined to be assigned. All the ring protons of the aminobenzoates exchanged except those ortho to the carboxylate ion. It was observed that there were ortho activation to amino group and ortho deactivation to carboxyl group in the exchange reaction.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Learning: Javanese Students, Non-Javanese Students

Learning is an important activity that must be done by students. If you want to know a course material or information, of course, students must look for it. One of the ways to look for something is by learning. Students at Kanjuruhan University come from various regions in Indonesia. The researcher divided the students into two large groups, namely students from Java and Non-Java. Both have unique and different ways to absorb information. Their learning methods are affected by the background of their respective regions. Each lecturer should know the background of each student, especially about the origin of the region. The results of this study indicate that lecturers are better of using a descriptive approach when explaining material to Javanese students. Meanwhile, when lecturers explain the material to students non-Java it is better to use a prescriptive approach. In this way the lecturer will find it easier to explain the lecture material that will be delivered. In addition, students will also have no difficulty in absorbing lecture material delivered. Keywords: Prescriptive, Descriptive, Javanese Students, Non-Javanese students

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring Out-of-Home Placement as a Moderator of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Adolescents Who Are High Risk

Objective: This study investigated foster or group care placement as a predictor of help-seeking behavior among adolescents who were at high risk for physical and mental health problems. Method: Data from the 1985 to 1986 wave of the Adolescent Health Care Evaluation Study were used to compare three groups of adolescents: (a) 136 that had experienced placement, (b) 136 that were randomly selected from the larger sample, and (c) 136 matched to the placement group on key variables. Results: Adolescents who experienced placement had more physical and mental health problems compared to the random and matched groups. However, foster or group care placement was associated with help-seeking behavior only for two problems: depression and conduct disorder. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of placement on help-seeking behavior 20 years ago fills a critical gap in the current literature and provides an anchor point for examining foster care policy and programming today.

Topic: Child Welfare and Adoption
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of the gap between behavioral and gate level fault simulation

A VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) Automatic Test Pattern Generator (ATPG) system to perform behavioral fault modeling and simulation is discussed. The input to the VHDL ATPG system is VHDL at the behavioral level. The behavioral fault model analyzer generates the behavioral faulty files for each fault simulated. The behavioral faulty files are input to both the behavioral fault simulator and the test bench generator. The test bench generator, at the request of user, produces a fault simulation test bench which is applied to the behavioral fault simulator for simulating the faulty files and reference model, respectively. The outputs of these two simulators are compared in the fault simulation comparator which generates the simulation report. The authors analyze the gap of the fault model and fault simulation between the behavioral level and gate level circuit description and show the one to one correspondence with typical examples. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioral fault modeling and simulation by illustrations of applying the method to practical examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Phosphorylates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1<i>α</i> and Mediates Its Destabilization in a VHL-Independent Manner

Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1Î± (HIF-1Î±) is a key player in the response to hypoxia. Additionally, HIF-1Î± responds to growth factors and hormones which can act via protein kinase B (Akt). However, HIF-1Î± is not a direct substrate for this kinase. Therefore, we investigated whether the protein kinase B target glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) may have an impact on HIF-1Î±. We found that the inhibition or depletion of GSK-3 induced HIF-1Î± whereas the overexpression of GSK-3Î² reduced HIF-1Î±. These effects were mediated via three amino acid residues in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1Î±. In addition, mutation analyses and experiments with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-defective cells indicated that GSK-3 mediates HIF-1Î± degradation in a VHL-independent manner. In line with these observations, the inhibition of the proteasome reversed the GSK-3 effects, indicating that GSK-3 may target HIF-1Î± to the proteasome by phosphorylation. Thus, the direct regulation of HIF-1Î± stability by GSK-3 may influence physiological processes or pathophysiological situations such as metabolic diseases or tumors.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Timing of Elective Cesarean Section and Neonatal Outcomes in Term Singleton Deliveries: A Single-Center Experience

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the timing of elective cesarean sections at 37 to 41 weeks from a tertiary hospital in Japan. The primary outcome was the rate of adverse neonatal outcomes, especially focusing on neonates delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Study Design The study population was drawn from singleton pregnancies delivered following planned cesarean birth at the Fukuda Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Information on deliveries was obtained from the hospital database, which contains clinical, administrative, laboratory, and operating room databases. Results After excluding women with chronic conditions, maternal complications, indications for multiple births, or a neonate with an anomaly, 2,208 neonates remained in the analysis. Among adverse neonatal outcomes, the rate was significantly higher in neonates delivered at 37 weeks of gestation (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 13.22 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.28, 27.86], p &lt; 0.001) or 38 weeks of gestation (unadjusted OR = 1.82 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.19], p = 0.036) compared with neonates delivered at 39 to 41 weeks. The adjusted risk of any adverse outcome was significantly higher at 380–1/7 weeks (adjusted OR = 2.40 [95% CI: 1.35, 4.30], p = 0.003) and 382–3/7 weeks (adjusted OR = 1.89 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.44], p = 0.038) compared with neonates delivered at 39 to 41 weeks, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that elective cesarean sections might be best scheduled at 39 weeks or later. When considering a cesarean at 38 weeks, it appears that 384/7 weeks of gestation or later could be a preferable timing in the context of reducing neonatal risks. However, as the composite outcome includes mostly minor conditions, the clinical significance of this finding needs to be carefully interpreted. Key Points

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reliability of Postsurgical Soft Tissue Reaction Grading Scales for Bone-anchored Hearing Implants

Objective: This study aims to assess and compare the reliability of the Holgers, the IPS, and the Tullamore scales for skin tolerability assessment of postoperative bone-anchored hearing implant images. Study Design: A survey study and retrospective review of percutaneous osseointegrated auditory implant images for scoring using three skin classification scales. Setting: McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Participants: Healthcare workers experienced and inexperienced with osseointegrated auditory implant skin classification scales. Main Outcome Measures: Participation involved completing: 1) survey questionnaires assessing experience with osseointegrated auditory implants and related skin reactions and 2) scoring postoperative osseointegrated auditory implant with surrounding skin images using the Holgers Classification, the IS (of the IPS) scale, and the Tullamore Classification. Participants were asked to rate 12 images of postoperative osseointegrated auditory implant and surrounding soft tissue. This process was repeated until participants scored all images using the three scales; each rater graded 36 images in total. The order in which scales were presented occurred at random. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reliability. Results: Thirty-one participants were recruited to the study. Fourteen (45.2%) had experience with at least 1 osseointegrated auditory implant skin classification scale, while 17 (54.8%) did not have experience. The wide and overlapping 95% confidence intervals of the intraclass correlation coefficients results do not provide us with enough evidence to define a well-established degree and hierarchy of reliability when comparing the scales. Among experienced raters, all scales presented moderate to good reliability. Conclusions: The Holgers Classification, the IPS scale, and the Tullamore Classification all present moderate to good reliability when used by experienced raters to assess skin reactions following surgical implantation of an osseointegrated hearing device. As a result, clinicians should use these scales with a degree of caution. The findings of this study do not provide us with enough evidence to single out one of the scales as a standard to follow, but more extensive studies are required to assess the reliability of the scales.

Topic: Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Month of Birth, Early Academic Achievement, and Parental Expectations of University Completion: A New Test on Sticky Expectations

Previous studies have shown that educational expectations of individuals with high socioeconomic status (SES) are relatively unaffected by low academic performance, a phenomenon called “sticky expectations.” However, this result might be biased by endogeneity and reverse causality between academic achievement and educational expectations. Using data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from 11 countries with a strict school-entry rule and building on the well-established finding that children born in the months before the school-entry cutoff underperform at school, we use birth month as an instrument to identify the causal effect of early academic achievement on parents’ expectations of university completion by parental education. Our findings based on the instrumental variable (IV) regression show that the moderation of social origin in the relationship between children’s performance and parental expectations is moderately overestimated in cross-sectional data. Nonetheless, the stickiness of high-SES parental expectations is confirmed in the IV model, proving that parental expectations are less affected by children’s early achievement when the parents are highly educated.

Topic: Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship between Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Dynamic Stability in University Rugby and Soccer Players

The maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability is frequently assessed separately for different team players.However, most research is limited to specific sports players, so the maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability in rugby and soccer players are poorly documented.This study provides relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability in university rugby and soccer players.Twenty-eight participants were recruited for the study (14 rugby players and 14 soccer players).Maximal oxygen uptake was determined by multistage fitness test and dynamic stability was determined by Y balance test.A linear regression analysis was used to identify relationship and effect of maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability on university rugby and soccer players.Both groups were similar in characteristics.Our findings showed there was a significant relationship between the maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability for rugby players (r=.890) and soccer players (r=.811).Relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability (r=.836) was significant for both sports players.Rugby and soccer players achieved good scores in maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability and high maximal oxygen uptake scores lead to better dynamic stability in both teams' players.Maximal oxygen uptake affects the dynamic stability.Team coaches and physiologists must consider functional test outcomes while preparing players for competition.The individual training program should also be established on test outcome, which is more likely to improve performance.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High Performance Work Systems, Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Outcomes

Previous studies on human resource management have emphasized the relationship between high performance work systems (HPWSs) and organizational performance in strategic human resource management. The extant literature on the intermediate linkage between HPWSs and performance has yield only limited insights into the influence of the use of HPWSs on performance at the organizational level. Also, little attention has been paid to conceptual constructs such as person-organization (P-O) fit as a mediator between the HPWSs and organizational outcomes. Thus, this paper attempts to explore how the linkage of the HPWSs to P-O fit as a mediating variable leads to organizational outcomes. From the literature review, it is proposed that the congruence of workers with their organization positively affects organizational outcomes when it is linked to specific systems. The paper suggests that an organization can improve P-O fit not through control-oriented systems but through high commitment work systems. It concludes with a presentation of three principal propositions associated with HPWSs, P-O fit and organizational outcomes.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences