jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Focused Collection: Astronomy Education Research

Luisa Rebull and colleagues explored the motivations of teachers who participate in a NASAsponsored, year-long research experience [14].Colin Wallace and colleagues followed up previous work on the Light and Spectroscopy Concept Inventory by employing item response theory to further refine the instrument [15].Jennifer Wilhelm and colleagues described the results of middle school teacher professional development in terms of teachers' understanding of motion, scale, and geometry within the Sun-Earth-Moon system [16].Michelle Wooten and colleagues explored the impacts of bringing authentic research experiences into undergraduate astronomy coursework [17].This Focused Collection offers the AER community ideas for productive lines of research.Multiple authors recommended future research around how to design and use visualizations and representations to support learning in astronomy [4,11,12].Other authors highlighted methodological challenges that need to be addressed to make progress on pressing questions in astronomy education research.Two papers in this focused collection call for the increased use of longitudinal research methods [9,12].Mixed-methods research-combinations of in-depth qualitative and quantitative analyses-is important for any study of innovative methods of instruction in Astronomy 101 [6].AER should also expand to new research topics.Spatial thinking in astronomy is an important area that would benefit from rigorous experimental research [5].Student motivation and related constructs are also currently underdeveloped in the context of AER [14,16,17].Of course, these are not the only possible research directions for AER.There are many areas in which we can continue to make contributions to the broader literature, and we hope that PRPER will continue to be a resource and publication outlet for such contributions in the future.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Benny Levy versus Emmanuel Levinas on “Being Jewish”

Journal Article Benny Levy versus Emmanuel Levinas on "Being Jewish" Get access Annabel Herzog Annabel Herzog Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Modern Judaism - A Journal of Jewish Ideas and Experience, Volume 26, Issue 1, February 2006, Pages 15–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjj002 Published: 01 February 2006

Topic: Philosophy, Ethics, and Existentialism
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Application of competitive immunoenzyme assay for analysis of group B fumonisins].

A varriant of competitive ELISA, making it possible to detect fumonisin B1 (up to 0.4 ng/well) was developed, based on the use of specific polyclonal antibodies obtained by immunization of rabbits with a horseradish peroxidase conjugate of fumonisin B1. The minimum concentration of fumonisin B in water-acetonitrile extracts of corn grain, dry corn products, and feeds, detected by the ELISA version developed is 0.2 mg/kg.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 32 2009 Inter-frame Collusion Attack in SS-N Video

Abstract—Video watermarking is usually considered as watermarking of a set of still images. In frame-by-frame watermarking approach, each video frame is seen as a single watermarked image, so collusion attack is more critical in video watermarking. If the same or redundant watermark is used for embedding in every frame of video, the watermark can be estimated and then removed by watermark estimate remodolulation (WER) attack. Also if uncorrelated watermarks are used for every frame, these watermarks can be washed out with frame temporal filtering (FTF). Switching watermark system or so-called SS-N system has better performance against WER and FTF attacks. In this system, for each frame, the watermark is randomly picked up from a finite pool of watermark patterns. At first SS-N system will be surveyed and then a new collusion attack for SS-N system will be proposed using a new algorithm for separating video frame based on watermark pattern. So N sets will be built in which every set contains frames carrying the same watermark. After that, using WER attack in every set, N different watermark patterns will be estimated and removed later. Keywords—Watermark estimation remodulation (WER), Frame Temporal Averaging (FTF), switching watermark system. I.

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conception de surfaces superhydrophobes anti-bioadhésives

La contamination des materiaux par les bacteries est un processus naturel et spontane pouvant etre a l’origine de graves infections. Actuellement, les techniques de lutte contre la biocontamination font appel a l’utilisation de materiaux biocides. Ces methodes sont cependant sujettes a controverse puisqu’il a ete mis en evidence qu’elles pouvaient etre toxiques, que leur efficacite pouvait diminuer dans le temps et surtout qu’elles pouvaient participer a rendre les bacteries de plus en plus resistantes. La formation d’un biofilm impliquant l’adhesion des bacteries sur les surfaces, de nouvelles strategies ont ete developpees par la conception de surfaces limitant leurs interactions avec les bacteries, telles que les surfaces anti-adhesives superhydrophobes. En effet, dans ce cas, l’adhesion est reduite par la presence d’une couche d’air entre les bacteries et la surface. Dans ce projet, deux materiaux ont ete rendus superhydrophobes : un acier inoxydable 316 par electrodeposition de polymeres hydrocarbones ou fluores derives du poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene), et un PET par des traitements plasma successifs d’oxygene, de polypyrrole et de CF4. Le controle des parametres experimentaux ont permis d’obtenir des surfaces d’hydrophobie et de morphologie variables de facon a pouvoir etudier l’influence de ces proprietes physico-chimiques sur la bioadhesion et la formation de biofilm de trois souches bacteriennes : P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes et S. aureus. Il a ainsi ete mis en evidence, dans les conditions testees, l’importance de la presence de fonctions fluorees associee a une structuration controlee pour diminuer la biocontamination de surfaces.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emerging Health Security Threats and Impact of Bioterrorism on the U.S. National Security

Bioterrorism fear increases after the deliberate release of biological agents at the end of the twentieth century. Letters containing anthrax powder were posted through the U.S. postal system which produces fear among the population. The anthrax assaults after 9/11 made the nation conscious that the public health system is ill-prepared to administer a large-scale emergency. Bioterrorism issue is associated with the deliberate spreading of dangerous diseases thus how comprehensive bioterrorism prevention measures should be taken. Hence, the emergence of bioterrorism has enforced the US administration to transform its national security policy against nontraditional threats. The article shows how bioterror remains a credible threat and poses substantial challenges to the U.S. public health system. Additionally, analysis reveals how resilient public health infrastructure is dominant not only to shielding and enhancing the publics health security but also crucial for the nations security.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Key Generation for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems

Physical layer key generation (PLKG) leverages wireless channels to produce secret keys for legitimate users. However, in millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, the presence of blockage significantly reduces the key rate (KR) of a PLKG system. To address this issue, we introduce reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) as a potential solution for constructing RIS-reflected channels, thereby enhancing the KR. Our study focuses on the beam-domain channel model and exploits the sparsity of mmWave bands to enhance the randomness of secret keys. To relieve pilot overhead in multi-user systems, we employ a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm to estimate angular information and propose a channel probing protocol with the full-array configuration for acquiring the beam-domain channel. We derive the analytical expressions for the KR in the case of full-array configuration. To optimize the KR, we design the phase shift and precoding vectors based on the obtained angular information. Furthermore, we employ a water-filling algorithm that relies on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to optimize power allocation for estimating the beam-domain channel with the same channel variance. When channel variances of the beam-domain channel differ, we design a deep-learning-based power allocation method for a more complex problem. What is more, we design a sub-array configuration scheme that exploits the difference in spatial angles between users to reduce pilot overhead and derive the analytical expression for the KR. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed PLKG schemes outperform existing methods.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Monkeys after Topical 8-Iso PGE<sub>2</sub>

The present findings are consistent with lowering of IOP by 8-iso PGE(2), primarily by increasing Fu. A direct effect on the trabecular meshwork was not indicated by these in vivo studies.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Background and guidelines for oxygen therapy].

Treatment of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is still controversial. Standard treatment is pure oxygen either by means of a nasal catheter or oral-facial mask (normobaric oxygen treatment). Since 1960, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been applied in various centres, i.e. treatment in hyperbaric chambers with 100% O2 at 2-2.8 bars absolute pressure. Physically dissolved oxygen at this pressure is sufficient to maintain normal life functions at rest. HBO causes fast reoxygenation of tissues and accelerates the elimination of CO. In this paper, two cases treated with hyperbaric oxygen are reported. Aetiology, pathogenesis and possible sequelae of CO poisoning are reviewed. It is recommended, that all CO-victims, who have been or are unconscious at admission to the emergency ward, should be treated with HBO. In spite of there being comprehensive clinical literature concerning treatment of CO poisoning, there is still a great need for clinically controlled studies.

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Australian Voices: Poetry and Prose of the 1970s

In choosing the poems, stories, and essays in this volume, its editor, Australian poet Rosemary Dobson, has sought works that reflect the ideas and ideals challenging the imagination of contemporary Australian writers. Her authors look to the past, finding there material relevant to today or recreating a nostalgic time gone by. They look also to the present, at the perplexities of modern life. The poets, both those of established reputation and those of fresh young talent, look to the local or the international scene, both time past and time present. In their works gathered together here are the authentic voices of Australian writers, voices that are serious and sad, bitter, ironic and funny, wry, gay and irreverent - voices for all seasons.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 1 of Sex-related disparities in the incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status in Spain, 2016–2020

Additional file 1: Table S1.. Number of men and women aged 40 years or over discharged from Spanish hospitals from year 2016 to year 2020. Data collected by the Hospital Discharge Records of the Spanish National Health System (RAE-CMBD, Registro de Actividad de Atención Especializada-Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (RAE-CMBD). Table S2. Diagnosis, procedures and pathogens analyzed with their corresponding ICD10 codes. Table S3. Distribution of pathogens in patients with and without T2DM with infective endocarditis in Spain from 2016 to 2020. Table S4. Distribution of pathogens in women and men with T2DM with infective endocarditis, in Spain (2016-2020), before and after propensity score matching.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Mixtures (an Ionic Liquid + Benzene + Heptane or Hexadecane) at <i>T</i> = 298.2 K and Atmospheric Pressure

The liquid−liquid equilibria data for the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium diethylenglycol monomethyl ether sulfate was investigated at T = 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure to determine their potential as solvents for extracting an aromatic compound from alkanes. The cloud point method was used to determine the binodal curve data. The effects of the increase in chain length of the alkane for the ternary mixtures [an ionic liquid + an aromatic compound + an alkane] are discussed. The liquid−liquid equilibria data obtained were also used to calculate the selectivity values.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuro Analytical hierarchy process (NAHP) approach for CAD/CAM/CIM tool selection in the context of small manufacturing industries

The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology to assist small automobile manufacturing companies of India in selecting CAD/CAM system. The use of these tools in design and manufacturing of automobile applications makes it possible to remove much of the tedium and manual labor work involved. They allow complex designs to be made quicker and accurately. Many companies are using obsolete packages to design and manufacture automobiles. Since technology is changing rapidly and most companies cannot update with the technology advancements. They need to know what CAD/CAM packages are available and how to select one will help the companies. The selection of CAD/CAM/CIM tool/package is multi criteria, multi attribute, decision making process which involve many factors that can be solved using NAHP (Neuro Analytical Hierarchy Process). In NAHP, we are combining the power of AHP and Neural Network. To accomplish this purpose, data have been collected about current CAD/CAM systems. Important criteria for system selection and parameters for selection have also been identified and prioritized. NAHP is used as decision making technique to identify and prioritize important factors for selection of CAD/CAM/CIM system for small automobile manufacturing companies of India.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Potassium channel selectivity in mouse pancreatic B cells

High-resistance microelectrodes were used to measure membrane potential changes in response to increased extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o; or a test cation X+ such as Li+, Rb+, Cs+, NH+4) in B cells from mouse islets of Langerhans. In the absence of glucose, a sudden increase in [K+]o (or [X+]o), keeping the sum [Na+]o + [K+]o constant (or [Na+]o + [K+]o + [X+]o), induced a rapid depolarization of the membrane. The membrane potential changes were essentially unchanged in the presence of 20 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA). The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation was fitted to the experimental relationship between membrane potential and [K+]o (or [X+]o), and permeability (P) ratios were estimated. In the absence of TEA, P Na/PK was estimated to be approximately 0.046. In the presence of TEA the following ratios were estimated: P Rb/PK = 0.74, P Cs/PK = 0.62, and P NH4/PK = 0.36. From these ratios the following sequence of permeabilities was obtained, PK greater than P Rb greater than P Cs greater than P NH4 greater than P Na. It is proposed that this sequence reflects the selectivity of the intracellular [Ca2+]-activated K+ channel of the pancreatic B cell.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Total Flavonoid Variation and Other Functional Substances in RILs of Tartary Buckwheat, with Near-Infrared Model Construction for Rapid Non-Destructive Detection

According to the requirements of Tartary buckwheat breeding, it is necessary to develop a method for the rapid detection of functional substances in seeds. To ensure a diverse sample pool, we utilized the stable recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Tartary buckwheat. The coefficients of variation of the total flavonoid, vitamin E (VE), and GABA contents of the RIL population were 15.06, 16.53, and 36.93, respectively. Subsequently, we established prediction models for the functional substance contents in Tartary buckwheat using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics. The Kennard–Stone algorithm divided the dataset into training and test sets, employing six different methods for preprocessing spectra. The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling algorithm extracted the characteristic spectra. The best models for total flavonoid and VE were normalized using the first derivative. The calibration correlation coefficient (Rc) and prediction correlation coefficient (Rp) of the total flavonoid and VE prediction models were greater than 0.94. The optimal GABA prediction model underwent preprocessing via normalization combined with the standard normal variate, and the Rc and Rp values were greater than 0.93. The results demonstrated that the NIRS-based prediction model could satisfy the requirements for the rapid determination of total flavonoids, VE, and GABA in Tartary buckwheat seeds.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of miRNA-155 on lymphoma.

Lymphomas are the most common ones of hematologic tumors. In China, Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for 9% - 10% of lymphomas, which has a good response to chemotherapy, while non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for nearly 90% of lymphomas, and the incidence of which tends to rise in recent years. At present, it was realized that miRNA and lymphomas are closely related to each other. More attention has been paid to the effects of miRNA on the pathophysiological process of lymphoma. This review is focused on miRNA-155, one of the miRNA family members, and its action mechanism in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma, expecting to shed light on the future therapy.

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Order out of chaos? Autism spectrum disorder coordinators’ impact on service delivery in New Zealand

Objective: To evaluate the impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) coordinators (ASDCs) on key aspects of the experience of obtaining an ASD diagnosis and post-diagnostic supports in New Zealand. Method: Members of New Zealand ASD parent support groups were surveyed. Results: Of 516 parents, 41.3% had seen an ASDC. The majority were satisfied. Parents who saw ASDCs pre-diagnosis were more likely to be satisfied with the diagnostic process ( p = .04) and saw fewer professionals before receiving a diagnosis ( p = .04). Parents who had seen ASDCs post-diagnosis were more likely to be satisfied with post-diagnostic supports ( p &lt; .001) and their coordination ( p &lt; .001). Conclusions: ASDCs are well regarded by parents and improve key aspects of the process of obtaining an ASD diagnosis and post-diagnostic supports. Given the particularly low rates of parent satisfaction with post-diagnostic supports (23%) and their coordination (19%), ASDCs may be of most value when employed post-diagnosis to assist parents in navigating key supports and co-developing comprehensive individualised care plans.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Motives that Mediate the Associations Between Relationship Satisfaction, Orgasmic Difficulty, and the Frequency of Faking Orgasm

Abstract Introduction Faking orgasm by women reportedly occurs quite frequently, with both relationship characteristics and orgasmic difficulty being significant predictors. Aim We explored women's motives that might mediate the associations between orgasmic difficulty and relationship satisfaction on the one hand, with the frequency of faking orgasm on the other. Methods In a study of 360 Hungarian women who reported “ever” faking orgasm during partnered sex, we assessed the direct and indirect (mediated) associations between orgasmic difficulty, relationship satisfaction, and the frequency of faking orgasm. Outcomes Determination of motives that mediate the association between orgasmic difficulty and the frequency of faking orgasm, and the association between relationship satisfaction and the frequency of faking orgasm. Results Increased orgasmic difficulty was directly related to increased frequency of faking orgasm (β = 0.37; P &amp;lt; .001), and each variable itself was related to a number of motives for faking orgasm. However, the only motive assessed in our study that mediated the relationship between orgasmic difficulty and the frequency of faking orgasm was insecurity about being perceived as abnormal or dysfunctional (indirect effect: β = 0.13; P &amp;lt; .001). A similar pattern emerged with relationship satisfaction and frequency of faking orgasm. These two variables were directly related in that lower relationship satisfaction predicted higher frequency of faking orgasm (β = -0.15; P = .008). Furthermore, while each variable itself was related to a number of motives for faking orgasm, the only motive assessed in our study that mediated the relationship between the 2 variables was insecurity about being perceived as abnormal or dysfunctional (indirect effect: β = -0.06; P = .008). Clinical Translation Insecurity related to being perceived as abnormal or deficient, along with sexual communication, should be addressed in women with a history of faking orgasm but who want to cease doing so. Strengths and Limitations The sample was relatively large and the online survey adhered to best practices. Nevertheless, bias may result in sample characteristics when recruitment is achieved primarily through social media. In addition, the cross-sectional sample prevented causal determination and represented Western-based values. Conclusions The associations between orgasmic difficulty and faking orgasm, and between relationship satisfaction and faking orgasm, are both direct and indirect (mediated). The primary motive for mediating the indirect association between the predictor variables and the frequency of faking orgasm was the insecurity about being perceived as deficient or abnormal.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences