jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spring growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) after different times of winter defoliation

The aim of this work was to determine if autumn/winter defoliation affected the time of lucerne stem extension in spring. Two experiments were established at the Field Research Centre, Lincoln University. Experiment 1 was established on 01/06/2022 using an existing two year old stand of “Force 4” lucerne. There were four canopy defoliation dates (1/06, 03/07, 17/07, 1/08). Experiment 2 repeated the treatments on the same paddock in the following year on eight defoliation dates (1/5, 15/5, 1/6, 15/6, 3/7, 17/7, 1/8 and 15/8). In both experiments, five stems were marked in each plot and stem height was measured weekly. The start of stem extension was unaffected by canopy defoliation date in either 2022 (P = 0.20) or 2023 (P = 0.17). Initiation of stem extension was triggered by a base photoperiod of 11.1 ± 0.2 h. This meant the thermal time accumulated from final defoliation to the start of stem extension differed among treatments. These results suggest the time of autumn/winter defoliation (the winter clean-up graze) will not affect the time of the first spring grazing, provided the developing basal buds are not removed. All stands reached 150 mm height by mid-September and produced 3.0 t/ha of dry matter by the end of the month. This suggests, grazing of the first paddock at Lincoln should commence in the first week of September to create a staggered start to rotational grazing that can maximise lucerne yield and quality for animal liveweight production.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Theoretical challenges to understanding the potential impact of the Universal Periodic Review Mechanism: Revisiting theoretical approaches to state human rights compliance

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism is the most recent and distinct addition to the UN human rights system because of the level of state control over the mechanism, the inclusivity of the review process and its emphasis on cooperation and dialogue in monitoring human rights implementation of states. Since the start of the third cycle of the UPR in 2017, questions on the efficacy of the UPR mechanism have gained increasing attention among international human rights scholars and practitioners. However, little of the scholarship take a theoretical approach to understanding the potential impact of the UPR mechanism. This article engages with various theoretical approaches to international human rights law to determine alternative theoretical frameworks to understand the potential impact of the UPR mechanism. This article contends that while the theories examined are not mutually exclusive, the theory of acculturation provides the most appropriate theoretical framework to understand the potential impact of the UPR mechanism. This contributes to an appreciation for human rights strategies based on cooperation and how such strategies can be beneficial in realising incremental progress in the human rights implementation of states.

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Palm print image processing with PCNN

Pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN) is based on Eckhorn's model of cat visual cortex, and imitate mammals visual processing, and palm print has been found as a personal biological feature for a long history. This inspired us with the combination of them: a novel method for palm print processing is proposed, which includes pre-processing and feature extraction of palm print image using PCNN; then the feature of palm print image is used for identifying. Our experiment shows that a verification rate of 87.5% can be achieved at ideal condition. We also find that the verification rate decreases duo to rotate or shift of palm.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Streptomyces sirii sp. nov., Amicetin-Producing Actinobacteria Isolated from Bamboo Rhizospheric Soil

In our large-scale search for antimicrobial-producing bacteria, we isolated an actinomycete strain from rhizospheric soil of Bambusa vulgaris. The strain designated BP-8 showed noticeable antibacterial activity. BP-8 was subjected to a whole-genome analysis via a polyphasic taxonomy approach, and its antibacterial metabolite was identified by HRLS-MS. The results of the physiological and morphological analyses indicated that BP-8 is an aerobic, neutrophilic, mesophilic organism that is tolerant to 8% NaCl and can use a wide range of carbohydrates. It forms curly sporophores with a warty surface. The results of the phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity analyses and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization calculation indicated that BP-8 represents the type strain of a novel Streptomyces species. A comparative in silico analysis of the genome sequences of BP-8 and its closest related strains revealed the presence of genes encoding chemotaxonomic markers characteristic of Streptomyces. The antibacterial compound was identified as amicetin. Genomic mining also revealed more than 10 biosynthetic gene clusters that have not been described previously and may lead to the discovery of new valuable compounds. On the basis of these results, strain BP-8T (=VKM Ac-3066T = CCTCC AA 2024094T) is proposed as the type strain of the novel species Streptomyces sirii sp. nov.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES-CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS IN CALIFORNIA

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fully or partially fluorinated chemicals used in industrial and consumer products, resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation. PFAS are frequently detected in various environmental matrices, and their bioaccumulative potential adversely affects human health. While prior studies have extensively documented the occurrence of PFAS in environmental media, few have focused on exposure to PFAS and the associated human health risks. This research comprehensively documented the statewide occurrence of PFAS in public water systems (PWS) for the first time. In this study, we calculated the Hazard Indices (HI) for four commonly detected PFAS: perfluorohexane-sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), and Hexafluoropropylene Oxide (HFPO-DA). Additionally, we calculated the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Findings suggest many well sites (geolocations) in California exceeded the regulatory thresholds (HI<1 and ILCR < 1x10-6), suggesting potentially elevated health risks for residents in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Approximately 4% of examined geolocations exceeded the ILCR threshold, while 20% of the locations exceeded the HI threshold. Geolocations containing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were primarily located in economically disadvantaged communities. Specifically, residents of the Orange Coastal Plain and Los Angeles, who rely on groundwater from sub-basins with extensive PFAS contamination, are at higher risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted initiatives to remove PFAS from drinking water systems and protect public health.

Topic: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changing Preservice Teacher Perceptions of Minority Schools

This study compared education students’ attitudes toward working in urban schools as they entered teacher preparation and later after student teaching. Given descriptions of four schools differing in demographic makeup, students rated interest and comfort levels for teaching in each situation. Respondents also ranked 14 school characteristics according to importance when considering a teaching position. Attitudes shifted more favorably toward urban school teaching among students whose field placements provided positive urban teaching experiences. School security and parental support ranked as highly important both initially and later. Socioeconomic and ethnic diversity became more important later. Written comments illuminated students’ ratings and helped inform a professional development school project.

Topic: Parental Involvement in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Voltage Unbalance Factor (VUF) Mitigation Considering Demand Side Management on Islanded Microgrid

Microgrid is becoming an integral part of the power system as it increases the reliability and flexibility of the power system. Apart from benefits, there are some challenges like power quality, voltage unbalance, frequency deviation etc. The power quality problem is more pronounced in the case of an islanded-microgrid where there is no backup in voltage and frequency deviation. Demand-side management (DSM) is used to be for the minimization of unbalance in voltage and hence, this work presents a voltage unbalance (VU) mitigation strategy by using thermostatically controlled devices (TCDs) as DSM entities. The voltage dependence model of TCD is presented and used in the mitigation strategy. The thermal comfort of the users is maintained during the implementation of this control strategy. The mitigation strategy is tested and verified in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extending the UbiMDR Supporting Situation-Aware Access Control

Ubiquitous computing environment requirement needs information sharing of sensors based on sensor network technology, situation-aware and determination functions and other related technologies ranging to appropriate and effective action processing. The sensor field independent information access is most important issues in everywhere under the ubiquitous computing environment. We already proposed UbiMDR framework that is a supporting application-independent semantic interoperability for ubiquitous applications. However, the functions of the UbiMDR are limited only to identification and recognition of objects. The chief objective of our proposal is to let extending the UbiMDR supporting situation-aware access control about objects consistently and independently on various application fields (companies/ systems). This paper fist describes the current UbiMDR, and presents our proposed model for supporting situation-aware of UbiMDR. Also conceptual architectures of situation aware are shown.

Topic: Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table from Anti-HIV Drug Elvitegravir Suppresses Cancer Metastasis via Increased Proteasomal Degradation of m&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;A Methyltransferase METTL3

Supplementary Table from Anti-HIV Drug Elvitegravir Suppresses Cancer Metastasis via Increased Proteasomal Degradation of m&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;A Methyltransferase METTL3

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Using Historical Methods in Information Systems: A Primer for Researchers

This article describes the use of historical methods in information systems research and provides a practical example of how this technique was used in a recent research project. Though the information systems researcher already has a rich cornucopia of research methods to choose from, historical research has the power to offer insights over and above those provided by other techniques. The researcher is forced to step away from a narrow focus on the research question in order to examine the “big picture”. This big picture approach means that recurring patterns are identified providing a broad set of findings that are applicable in many different settings. However the flip side is that historical research can have a lack of focus and does not always offer immediate answers to specific research questions.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis paper provides guidelines for the use of historical methods by information systems researchers by demonstrating how the seven step approach developed by Mason, McKenney and Copeland was applied to an historical research study which explored the relationship between ICTs and regional development in New Zealand between 1985 and 2005. This research reveals the value of historical research for information systems researchers by showing the effects of long term social trends on ICT use. It also highlights some of the pitfalls that potential users of historical research need to be aware of such as gaps in the data trail and the questionable credibility of some historic records.

Topic: Information Systems Theories and Implementation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults, a cross-sectional population-based study (findings from Bandare-Kong non-communicable disease cohort study)

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Dietary patterns are supposed to be important and controllable factors in developing metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome and its components. Subjects/Methods Cross-sectional data were extracted from the Bandare-Kong cohort study conducted on 4063 people aged 35 to 70. Dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis based on thirty-eight pre-defined food groups. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with quintiles of dietary patterns in crude and adjusted models. Results Three major dietary patterns were identified (healthy, western, and traditional) in the final analysis of 2823 eligible individuals. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of metabolic syndrome were significantly decreased by 46% in subjects with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern compared to those with the lowest adherence quintile. Results from fully adjusted models on individual metabolic syndrome components showed an inverse association between higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern and the odds of increased blood glucose, high waist circumference, and elevated blood pressure. However, in fully adjusted models, no significant association was observed between the western and traditional dietary patterns with odds of metabolic syndrome and its components. Conclusions Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern containing high amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, low-fat dairy products, and legumes, could be recommended to prevent and control metabolic syndrome.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
S9.4e Molecular epidemiology of <i>Microsporum canis</i> infection in Japan

Abstract S9.4 Free oral presentations (late breaking), September 23, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM Objectives From a series of epidemiological surveys by the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology, it is estimated that the number of Microsporum canis (M. canis) infections in Japan has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to observe this trend by multilocus microsatellite (MLMT) analysis, a sensitive molecular marker. Methods DNA was extracted from 103 strains of M. canis isolated between 2017 and 2022 from Japanese patients and pet animals. Using the DNA, PCR targeting six individual microsatellites was performed. The size of each of these amplicons was measured by capillary electrophoresis, and their genotypes were determined from the combinations of their sizes. Results A total of 27 genotypes were detected among the 103 strains. Among the 27, 15 had been reported in studies of strains isolated before 2017, whereas 12 were newly determined in the present study. The genotype most frequently detected in the present study was genotype A, being present in 28 of the 103 strains. By geographical region, genotype A was found in strains distributed over a wide area of Japan. Genotype A strains have been isolated from cats purchased at pet shops and/or owners of these pet animals. The highest incidence of genotype in a study of strains isolated in 2010-2014 was also genotype A. Therefore, a large number of M. canis infections originating from pet shops and animal breeders are likely prevalent in Japan today. Furthermore, a relatively large number of strains were identified as genotypes rare or absent in 2010-2014. Conclusions The increase in the number of M. canis infections in recent years may be the increase in infections of different genotypes, in addition to the base of constant infections by genotype A, by the present MLMT analysis.

Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Islam in the environment of medieval Bengal, with special reference to the Bengali sources

A proselytising religion seeking expansion in an alien soil may adopt different lines of approach. A militant line trying to force itself on a culture group is likely to disrupt the cultural continuum and prove itself unsuccessful. Islam in Bengal did not choose this line. But for the first few centuries of the advent of political Islam in the land it remained indifferent to the mainstream of the local culture. In the meanwhile, the personal influence of the Muslim saints, a consuming belief in their miraculous powers and the ability of many Muslim adventurers to perform a role appropriate to the material and non-material needs of a particular area, had secured the adhesion of a large number of the local masses to Islam. Some elements of force could not have been totally absent in the situation. Whatever the underlying motives and pressures behind the conversion of the masses, that they were not attracted to the religion by its intrinsic merit was amply evident from the writings of the Muslims themselves, which make bitter lamentations about their total ignorance of the adopted faith, On the other hand, a sharp economic, social and cultural polarisation in the Muslim community of Bengal, comprising the immigrants on the one hand and the local converts on the other, reinforced the orthodox and traditional attitudes of isolation from and antipathy to the local culture. The result was obvious. The masses of the Muslims, ignorant of Arabic and Persian, were denied access to the traditions of their own religion and continued to draw religious and cultural sustenance from the pre-existing indigenous sources. The danger inherent in the situation became evident especially to a section of religious leaders, who in their capacity as religious guides (Pir) with considerable following among the masses, had understandable reasons to feel concerned about it, This new attitude was reflected in the writings of a new group, including those popular religious leaders, who defied the orthodox and conservative opposition in reducing religious matters to the 'vulgar Hindu language', They did more than this. If the medium of' religious and cultural communication was to be intelligible to the people, no less should have been their symbols and idioms. They accordingly exerted themselves in an interesting and difficult venture of presenting Islam to the Bengali people through the symbols known to them from the native religious and cultural traditions.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Perspectives on Accountability in Mental Health and Retardation Services

Public mental health and mental retardation agencies are under increasing pressure to demonstrate their accountability in fiscal, legal, program, and other areas. The author discusses some of the problems and issues in pinpointing accountability and identifies eight areas of accountability-to patients, to program and management staff, to a chief executive, to a legislative body, to the public, to one's profession, and to one's self. He describes ways in which accountability can be demonstrated and emphasizes that, for mental health professionals, the overriding issue in accountability must be the provision of high-quality care and treatment for the mentally ill and mentally retarded.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of oral cobalamin supplementation on cognitive function in elderly persons with vitamin B12 deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in elderly persons and may be associated with cognitive impairment. However, evidence from trials of the effects of cobalamin supplementation on cognitive function is limited and inconclusive. We conducted an open prospective study to investigate the effects of cobalamin replacement therapy on cognitive function of older people with cognitive impairment and cobalamin deficiency. Ten patients aged ≥ 75 years with cognitive impairment (MMSE score between 10 and 25) and cobalamin deficiency (≤ 0.16 μg/L) were recruited. They were treated by vitamin B12: 1000 μg daily for 6 days, then weekly for 3 months, then monthly for 3 months. Cognitive function was assessed before treatment, 3 and 6 months later by Mini mental state examination (MMSE), verbal fluency test and Frontal assessment battery (FAB). Mean cobalamin serum levels significantly increased from 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/L at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.15 μg/L after 6 months (p = 0.004). Patients showed a statistically non-significant improvement of their mean MMSE scores; 20.4 ± 2.9, 22.6 ± 3.5 (p = 0.06) and 21.9 ± 3.0 (p = 0.07), at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment, respectively. Similar improvement was found in their verbal fluency and FAB scores. In spite of the trial's small number of patients, we found a nearly significant improvement in MMSE scores after 3 and 6 months of oral cobalamin supplementation. Previous studies showed that cobalamin supplementation could improve cognitive function in patients having a symptomatic mild dementia for less than 2 years. Therefore, all patients with cognitive impairment should be systematically investigated for cobalamin deficiency.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The NCCK and the Struggle against “Ethnic Clashes” in Kenya

Recent violence in Kenya left over a thousand dead from police bullets, fires, and machetes. Around 500,000–600,000 people were displaced and thrown into poverty.1 Such "ethnic clashes," as this politics of violent displacement is sometimes called, are not new; in fact they follow patterns of police brutality and forced displacements that reach back into the colonial period. However, Kenya's ethnic clashes emerged within the revival of multiparty elections at the end of 1991, peaking around elections in 1992, 1997, and to a much lesser degree, 2002. Such violence generated over 400,000 displaced people, even prior to the latest displacements from 29 December 2007 to February 2008.2 These ethnic clashes threaten civil society, democracy, moral life, and possibly the very idea of Kenya itself.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences