jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AMYLOLYTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FERMENTATION OF MAIZE–COWPEA OGI

ABSTRACT The effect of starter cultures Lactobacillus plantarum (A6), Lactobacillus fermentum (OgiE-1) and natural inoculum (NI) on some physicochemical properties of cofermented maize–cowpea (CMCO) was investigated. Crude protein, lipid, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate energy and utilizable energy because of protein contents of CMCO fermented with A6 (A6MC), OgiE-1 (OGMC) and NI (NIMC) are 12.46–13.74%, 3.58–4.96%, 1.06–1.85%, 3.06–4.62% and 66.81–68.30%, 355.26–363.2 kcal/100 g and 7.43–9.14%, respectively. Mineral contents were significantly higher in A6MC and OGMC. [K/Na], [Ca/P] and [Ca/Mg] ratios range between 9.51 and 22.22, 0.02 and 0.12 and 0.16 and 1.02, respectively. Oligosaccharides reduced significantly in A6MC and OGMC. The pH values of A6MC, OGMC and NIMC range between 6.4 and 4.5, 6.4 and 5.5 and 6.4 and 5.2, respectively. Titratable acidity and total phenol increased, while phytates decrease. Viscosity increased with flour concentration up to 9% in OGMC, and A6MC increased in NIMC. A6MC gave the best overall results. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This work adds to the existing database on the potential usefulness of starter cultures in the development of nutritionally balanced diets, particularly in developing economies. It also stimulates increased interest in the use of Lactobacillus plantarum A6 in new product development for addressing the prevailing food situation in many parts of the world. Findings from this work will further encourage basic and applied research on L. plantarum and other organisms with potential for use as starter cultures from different areas of the world.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
WHERE DID IRELAND'S TREES COME FROM?

Review of literature on glacial history indicates that all trees had to migrate into Ireland during the current interglacial (since 10,000 years ago). More diverse tree floras existed in Ireland in previous interglacials. The collation of palynological data from 32 sites indicates that the early tree invaders migrated from the south. Other data suggest that the Irish Sea was a barrier to later tree migrants. The evidence for land bridges and timing of isolation of Ireland is unclear, but early tree migration across the Celtic Sea may have been facilitated by a forebulge land-bridge model. Tree migration rates have been calculated, and these indicate that vectors must also have assisted in the migrations. Data on the genetic diversity of oak across Europe also support the proposed migration route into Ireland.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Central European genera of the <i>Boletaceae</i> and <i>Suillaceae</i>, with notes on their anatomical characters.

A taxonomic survey of Central European genera of the families Boletaceae and Suillaceae with tubular hymenophores, including the lamellate Phylloporus , is presented. Questions concerning the delimitation of the bolete genera ar ediscussed. Descriptions and keys to the families and genera are based predominantly on anatomical characters of the carpophores. Attention is also paid to peripheral layers of stipe tissue, whose anatomical structur ehas not been sufficiently studied. The study of these layers, above all of the caulohymenium and the lateral stipestratum, can provide information important for a better understanding of relationships between taxonomic groups in these families. The presence (or absence) of the caulohymenium with spore-bearing caulobasidia on the stipe surface is here considered as a significant generic character of boletes. A new combination, Pseudoboletus astraeicola (Imazeki) Šutara, is proposed.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
co-BPM: a Bayesian Model for Divergence Estimation

Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We proposed a bayesian model---co-BPM---to characterize the discrepancy of two sample sets, i.e., to estimate the divergence of their underlying distributions. In order to avoid the pitfalls of plug-in methods that estimate each density independently, our bayesian model attempts to learn a coupled binary partition of the sample space that best captures the landscapes of both distributions, then make direct inference on their divergences. The prior is constructed by leveraging the sequential buildup of the coupled binary partitions and the posterior is sampled via our specialized MCMC. Our model provides a unified way to estimate various types of divergences and enjoys convincing accuracy. We demonstrate its effectiveness through simulations, comparisons with the \emph{state-of-the-art} and a real data example.

Topic: Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sockeye salmon brood tables, Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1968-2016

Brood tables, also called run reconstructions, utilize annual estimates of the total run (commercial catch plus escapement), and samples of ages, to estimate the number of recruits per age class. These data are useful for salmon biologists to understand salmon productivity and salmon life histories. This dataset consists of original brood tables for sockeye salmon from the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers of the Upper Cook Inlet in excel format, R scripts that slightly reformat the dataset into a format consistent with other brood tables collected as part of the State of Alaskan Salmon and People project (https://alaskasalmonandpeople.org/), and the reformatted tables as a .csv file. Age classes are given in European Notation, where the first number is the number of winters spent in freshwater before going to sea (1 winter in freshwater = age-1.X), and the second number is the number of winters spent at sea (3 winters at sea = age-X.3).

Topic: Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Search-Based Procedural Generation of Maze-Like Levels

A correctly designed dynamic programming algorithm can be used as a fitness function to permit the evolution of maze-like levels for use in games. This study compares multiple representations for evolvable mazes including direct, as well as positive and negative indirect representations. The first direct representation simply specifies, with a binary gene, which squares of a grid are obstructed. The second paints the maze grid and passage is allowed only between colors that are the same or adjacent in a rainbow. The positive and negative representations are developmental and evolve directions for adding barriers or digging "tunnels." These representations are tested with a design space of fitness functions that automatically generate levels with controllable properties. Fitness function design is the most difficult part of automatic level generation and this study gives a simple framework for designing fitness functions that permits substantial control over the character of the mazes that evolve. This technique relies on using checkpoints within the maze to characterize the connectivity and path lengths within the level. Called checkpoint-based fitness, these fitness functions are built on a menu of properties that can be rewarded. The choice of which qualities are rewarded, in turn, specifies within broad limits the characteristics of the mazes to be evolved. Three of the representations are found to benefit from a technique called sparse initialization in which a maze starts mostly empty and variation operators fill in details while increasing fitness. Different representations are found to produce mazes with very different appearances, even when the same fitness function is used. The example fitness functions designed around dynamic programming with checkpoints are found to permit substantial control over the properties of the evolved mazes.

Topic: Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
G323 Decision-making in neonatal intestinal failure: palliative or active care?

<h3></h3> Survival rates for neonatal intestinal failure (IF) have improved significantly over the past decade, however there is no consensus for decision-making among UK paediatric subspecialists. <h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this study was to describe health professionals' decision-making regarding palliative versus active management in neonatal IF and to examine variation between subspecialties. <h3>Methods</h3> An electronic survey was designed to explore several neonatal scenarios. It was sent to neonatologists, paediatric surgeons and gastroenterologists on two occasions. In addition to being asked whether they would recommend active or palliative care or allow the parents to decide; they were asked whether they would consider the treatment morally obligatory or impermissible, that is authority should be sought from the courts if there is parental disagreement with the professional opinion. <h3>Results</h3> The survey was completed by 147 respondents of which 75 (21% were neonatologists, 26 (18%) paediatric surgeons and 26 (18% surgeons) with 20 (13%) other. In a term baby with total gut Hirschsprung's, 81% of gastroenterologists would recommend active care (regardless of parental decision in 34.6%) compared to 46% of surgeons and 35% of neonatologists. No gastroenterologist would recommend palliative care while 23% of both neonatologists and surgeons would. Similarly, in a 28-week gestion neonate with bilateral brain haemorrhages and IF secondary to necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) 77% of surgeons and 73% of neonatologists would recommend palliative care compared with only 27% of gastroenterologists. For a term baby with IF secondary to volvulus, 58% of gastroenterologists estimated that she would have a five-year survival of &gt;80% compared to 11.5% of surgeons and only 2.7% of neonatologists. Similarly, for a 26 week gestation baby with IF secondary to NEC only 11.5% of surgeons and 2.6% of neonatologists believed her 5-year survival would be &gt;60% compared to 59% of gastroenterologists. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Paediatric subspecialists have very different views about long-term outcomes and the appropriateness of active or palliative management in neonatal IF, with gastroenterologists being consistent more optimistic than surgeons or neonatologists. This is likely to lead to unjustified variation in counselling and choices given to parents.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Yiyecek - İçecek İşletmelerinde Standart Reçetelerin ve Hedef Maliyetlemenin Stratejik Kararlarda Kullanılmasına Yönelik Bir Uygulama

Increasing competition in markets, weakens the control of businesses individually on market prices. This case will push the businesses to search for new strategic approaches that let the businesses produce highly preffered products by customers and also provide expected profits. Target costing method which aims to provide expected profit to the business by designing the product according to customer expectations and adjusting the costs to achieve the targets. Study aims to implement target costing method to a food and beverage business using standard recipes to test the controllability and availability of costs strategically.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Features of α‐HBDH in COVID‐19 patients: A cohort study

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has spread all over the world and brought extremely huge losses. At present, there is a lack of study to systematically analyze the features of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α‐HBDH) in COVID‐19 patients. Methods Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, α‐HBDH results and outcomes of all included patients were extracted. Results α‐HBDH in COVID‐19 group was higher than that in excluded group ( p &lt; 0.001), and there was no significant difference in α‐HBDH before and after the exclusion of 5 patients with comorbidity in heart or kidney ( p = 0.671). In COVID‐19 group, the α‐HBDH value in ≥61 years old group, severe group, and critical group, death group all increased at first and then decreased, while no obvious changes were observed in other groups. And there were significant differences of the α‐HBDH value among different age groups ( p &lt; 0.001), clinical type groups ( p &lt; 0.001), and outcome groups ( p &lt; 0.001). The optimal scale regression model showed that α‐HBDH value ( p &lt; 0.001) and age ( p &lt; 0.001) were related to clinical type. Conclusions α‐HBDH was increased in COVID‐19 patients, obviously in ≥61 years old, death and critical group, indicating that patients in these three groups suffer from more serious heart and kidney and other tissues and organs damage, higher α‐HBDH value, and risk of death. The difference between death and survival group in early stage might provide a approach to judge the prognosis. The accuracy of the model to distinguish severe/critical type and other types was 85.84%, suggesting that α‐HBDH could judge the clinical type accurately.

Topic: COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MYOCLONUS EPILEPSY AS A SYMPTOM OF DIFFUSE NEURONAL DISEASE

UNVERRICHT<sup>1</sup>and Lundborg<sup>2</sup>described a progressive familial syndrome of myoclonus epilepsy, the fully developed form of which was additionally characterized by progressive dementia, pseudobulbar paralysis, rigidity and, in the late stages, quadriplegia in flexion. Diverse types of pathological nerve cell change have been reported to occur in patients with this syndrome,<sup>3</sup>of which an excellent discussion was given by Hodskins and Yakovlev.<sup>3e</sup>The striking feature of these reports is the description of diffuse neuronal disease, either diffuse "primary atrophy" or diffuse cellular changes characterized by cellular inclusions. Though descriptions of myoclonus epilepsy almost always refer to the curious dark-staining "amyloid" inclusions described by Lafora and Glueck,<sup>3b</sup>this type of inclusions appears to be extremely rare. A more frequent finding has been the lipoidal inclusions characteristic of amaurotic familial idiocy. Juvenile amaurotic familial idiocy has been recognized as a distinct clinical type of lipidosis of the

Topic: Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Authorization of Textbooks for the Schools of Ontario 1846–1950

The textbook has long been the most popular instrument of instruction in the hands of educators. Its wide-spread use has at the same time provided one of the most controversial issues in education, for it has been regarded both as the cause of educational problems, and as their solution. The purpose of this book is to investigate the changing policies which have affected the authorization of textbooks for elementary schools. Since Ontario sets precedents for the other provinces, it deals with tests in Ontario, from 1846 when the practice of authorization began, to 1950, when the system of authorizing a single text for each subject was terminated. It is concerned chiefly with the policies of the Ontario Department of Education which directed and controlled the selection, preparation, and authorization of textbooks. Between 1846 and 1950 texts for the elementary schools of the province were regulated by legislation which changed remarkably little.

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE Suitability of sentinel abat c a

lec e se su im happening in the general population [1]. Sentinel surveil- can change due to environmental conditions. Though Alton et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2015) 11:37 DOI 10.1186/s12917-015-0349-1lected from each of the Belgian provinces. The criteria forof Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2 W1, Canada Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlelance is a strategy used to sample timely data in a rela-tively inexpensive manner rather than collect information on the general population, when population-based data collection is unfeasible in a timely or cost-effective man-ner [2]. Syndromic surveillance involves the amalgamation of signs/symptoms using data from non-traditional data sources [3]; the signs/symptoms are grouped into used less often in animal health applications than in hu-man health, sentinel surveillance has been used success-fully for surveillance in various applications. For example, following the emergence of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 in Central Europe in 2006, causing a large scale outbreak in 2007 in several countries in Europe, a Bluetongue sentinel surveillance program was established in Belgium in 2010. This surveillance program was intended to demonstrate the absence of Bluetongue virus [4]. This program ran-domly selected a total of 300 dairy herds, with 30 herds se-* Correspondence:

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tasmania Police moves towards professionalisation

It has been argued that raising the professional status of police will lead to greater job satisfaction by police. It may also lead to increased efficiencies and positive perceptions by the people the police serve (Kleinig, 1996). In 2008 Tasmania Police and the University of Tasmania commenced collaborative work to align police training and higher education. This initial action identified disciplines which had clear pathways for academic achievement within the recruit curriculum and a subsequent memorandum of understanding was adopted (Julian &amp; Adams, 2010). The partnership between both agencies worked towards unitisation of many parts of the recruit curriculum and subsequently the promotional or developmental training process. The final outcome is the ability for Tasmanian Police Officers to achieve University accreditation alongside their career experience and achievements. In essence it brings an evidence based approach to a career that has been predominantly based on experience learning. Whilst policing is yet to be accepted as a clear profession (Lanyon, 2009) this potentially paves the way for future recognition of police as experts in their field.

Topic: Policing Practices and Perceptions
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Solving &amp;#x201C;large&amp;#x201D; dense matrix problems on multi-core processors

Few realize that for large matrices dense matrix computations achieve nearly the same performance when the matrices are stored on disk as when they are stored in a very large main memory. Similarly, few realize that, given the right programming abstractions, coding Out-of-Core (OOC) implementations of dense linear algebra operations (where data resides on disk and has to be explicitly moved in and out of main memory) is no more difficult than programming high-performance implementations for the case where the matrix is in memory. Finally, few realize that on a contemporary eight core architecture one can solve a 100,000 times 100,000 dense symmetric positive definite linear system in about an hour. Thus, for problems that used to be considered large, it is not necessary to utilize distributed-memory architectures with massive memories if one is willing to wait longer for the solution to be computed on a fast multithreaded architecture like an SMP or multi-core computer. This paper provides evidence in support of these claims.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Wykorzystanie metody akredytacji do kształtowania jakości i bezpieczeństwa usług medycznych

The article presents the accreditation of hospitals as a recognised method of improving the safety and quality of the services provided. The attempt to endeavour the idea of accreditation in Poland was originated by the project, co-funded by the European Union, called “Supporting the process of accreditation health service institutions”, which was implemented from 2008 to 2014. The main purpose of the project was to improve the quality of healthcare by providing financial and substantive support for hospitals during the process of accreditation. The project’s participants were entities that carried out the provision based on contract with a public payer. 243 hospitals were evaluated, of which 78.6% (191) received positive recommendations from the Accreditation Council, while 21.4% (52) received negative recommendations. The visible results of systematisation in hospitals are that: hospital operations and staff conduct are standardised, a quality monitoring system is constructed by establishing measurable indicators, hospital activities with regards to respecting patients’ rights are streamlined and reorganised, human resource management is created, competence and responsibility are regulated, and the patient is made the priority in all activities. Based on these results, this hypothesis was established: Accreditation in the project „Supporting the process of accreditation of health care institutions” is an effective means of verifying and developing the quality and safety of medical services provided in hospitals. Consequently, accreditation should be considered an effective means of verifying and developing the quality and safety of medical services.

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Management
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Identification of Leishmania tropica mexicana as the etiologic agent of chiclero's ulcer].

El Mal del Pinto o Carate en Colombia, enfermedad dermatologica peculiar de regiones tropicales de America, es endemico en Michoacan, Guerrero, Chiapas etc. Probablemente Hernan Cortes atisbola; en una de sus Cartas de Relacion a Carlos V hay una laconica mencion: �En este pais de ventura, existen rarezas en el color de sus habitantes, presentando variedades en el mismo individuo�. Durante la desafortunada expedicion a las Hubieras es muy posible que haya observado enfermos del mal del pinto.
En 1880, Ruiz Sandoval en un trabajo que presento ante la Academia de Medicina, afirmaba haber encontrado el agente causal, un hongo al que llamo: �Microsporus Hidalgoense� en honor del doctor Luis Hidalgo y Carpio; el autor frances Blachard apoyo esta teoria. 
El colombiano Montoya Flores, en su Tesis en Paris que verso sobre �los carates�, describio varias especies de �hongos pintores� asignado a cada uno de ellos las diferentes coloraciones de las manchas de la piel; este tesis tuvo amplia aceptacion. El doctor Salvador Gonzalez Herrejon, dermatologo.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences