jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of demographics variables on students subjective well‐being

The paper is an attempt to investigate the impact of demographic variables on the level of the subjective well‐being (SWB) of students enrolled in premiere business school. SWB was measured through a three‐dimensional approach consisting of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect using Life Scaleand Positive Affect &amp; Negative Affect Scale. Data was collected from 352 students and using OLS regression method, significant differences regarding SWB were examined. Research findings show a significant difference in the exhibition of most of the demographic variables and SWB. This paper presents data and provides insights into the level of SWB of students enrolled in premiere business School.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Double tunnel jumps in activationless hopping conductivity

An impurity system of two neutral and two ionised donors is considered. For certain specified configurations of this system all four one-electron tunnel transitions are energetically prohibited while a simultaneous jump of both electrons can lead to the release of energy. These double tunnel jumps can contribute into the activationless hopping conductivity.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data (Summary in Polish)

Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed:-to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy;-to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries

Topic: European Criminal Justice and Data Protection
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Confocal Raman spectroscopic observation of hexagonal diamond formation from dissolved carbon in nickel under chemical vapor deposition conditions

We have studied nucleation and growth of diamond on nickel substrate by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition followed by in situ carbon–hydrogen solution treatment. The Raman depth profiles of isolated diamond crystals on the (100) and (111) surfaces were measured by confocal Raman spectroscopy. In the case of the crystals having the [111] growth direction, the 1332 cm−1 diamond peak was observed near the diamond–nickel interface and it shifted 1323 cm−1 towards the surface. The 1323 cm−1 peak may be assigned to “hexagonal diamond.” The in-depth spectral change from cubic to hexagonal was observed in chemical vapor deposited diamond crystals. The chemical and/or structural effects of nickel substrate for dissolved carbon are essential for specific diamond crystallization.

Topic: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hamburger Sternwarte plate archives: Historic long‐term variability study of active galaxies based on digitized photographic plates

Background At the Hamburger Sternwarte, an effort was started in 2010 with the aim of digitizing its more than 45,000 photographic plates and films stored in its plate archives. At the time of writing, more than 31,000 plates have already been made available on the Internet for researchers, historians, and the interested public. Materials and Methods The digitization process and the Internet presentation of the plates and accompanying handwritten material (plate envelopes, logbooks, observer notes) are presented here. To fully exploit the unique photometric and astrometric data, stored on the plates, further processing steps are required including registering the plate to celestial coordinates, masking of the plates, and a calibration of the photoemulsion darkening curve. To demonstrate the correct functioning of these procedures, historical light curves of two bright BL Lac‐type active galactic nuclei are extracted. Results The resulting light curve of the blazar 1ES 1215+303 exhibits a large decrease in the magnitude from to in about 300 days, which proves the variability in the optical region. Furthermore, we compare the measured magnitudes for the quasar 3C 273 with contemporaneous measurements and find good agreement.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
From Cu and Sceap to Beffe and Motton

Abstract Throughout the medieval period cattle and sheep were, with pigs, the main meat-providing animals, but the value of their flesh was often outstripped by demand for their milk, manure, and traction or wool. Since cattle and sheep were often managed intensively for these secondary products, any study of beef and mutton consumption must be viewed against the backdrop of the medieval economy. Between the fifth and sixteenth centuries England witnessed considerable economic change which surely influenced dietary practices. As the documentary record does not cover the whole period or the activities of all social classes, animal bone studies provide one of the best opportunities to ascertain the scale of these influences. This chapter looks in detail at the archaeological evidence for cattle and sheep; Chapter 6 centres on the evidence for pigs, combining for the late medieval period in particular both historical and archaeological material; and Chapter 7 focuses on the late medieval historical record, especially for information that is more opaque in the archaeological material, such as the use of specialized meat products and offal, dietary change, quantities consumed, and some elements of dairy foods.

Topic: Historical Studies of British Isles
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Review on Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation: Pathophysiology, Investigations, and Treatment

Background: Tricuspid insufficiency, also known as tricuspid regurgitation, is a reasonably common disorder caused by anatomical anomalies in any portion of the tricuspid valve mechanism. Modifications to the valve leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, or papillary muscles may be required. This activity examines the diagnosis and treatment of tricuspid regurgitation, emphasizing the importance of interprofessional team members working together to deliver well-coordinated care and improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: The purpose of this review article is to describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve and how it is affected by insufficiency, to recall the causes of tricuspid insufficiency, to summarise the treatment options for tricuspid insufficiency, and to look at the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients with tricuspid insufficiency.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human T lymphocytes and hematopoietic cell lines express CD24- associated carbohydrate epitopes in the absence of CD24 mRNA or protein

The CD24 surface antigen is a small glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein found on human granulocytes and most B lymphocytes. Many CD24 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been described that identify several epitopes, with the majority of them related to carbohydrate structures associated with the CD24 molecule. Considerable variation has been observed in the apparent tissue distribution of the CD24 antigen depending on the MoAb used, and hence the CD24 epitope studied. In this study, CD24 expression by human cell lines and normal hematopoietic call populations was assessed using a panel of carbohydrate and protein core-specific CD24 MoAbs and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. A number of CD24 carbohydrate epitope-reactive MoAbs bound to both T lymphocytes and several hematopoietic cell lines, despite the absence of concomitant CD24 mRNA or detectable surface CD24 core protein in the same cells. This additional CD24 MoAb reactivity on T lymphocytes was, in common with that observed on granulocytes (CD24 protein+), specifically inhibited by the presence of both sialyllactose and mucin. Similarly, the binding of carbohydrate epitops-reactive CD24 MoAb was reduced on both T lymphocytes and granulocytes by pretreatment with phospholipase C, pronase, or neuraminidase. Together, the data indicate that a number of CD24-associated carbohydrate epitopes have a broader tissue distribution than the CD24 protein and are expressed on additional GPI-linked molecule(s). These findings have immediate implications for both leukemia phenotyping and attempts to examine CD24 function with CD24 MoAb.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Endogenous receptor-bound urokinase mediates tissue invasion of human monocytes.

Abstract Macrophages have a marked capacity to invade tissue in the course of cellular immune reactions that is thought to be based on the action of urokinase (u-PA). u-PA is an ubiquitous serine protease that converts the zymogen plasminogen into the active protease plasmin. u-PA binds to specific receptors on the macrophage thereby enabling the cell to degrade interstitial tissue in the microenvironment. Two cytokines produced in the course of cellular immune reactions, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, increase the number of u-PA receptors on human cultured monocytes from 14,000 to 64,000 and 30,000 receptors/cell, respectively. We used an amnion invasion assay to investigate whether activated human monocytes exhibit an enhanced capacity to invade interstitial tissue in correlation to the increased numbers of u-PA receptors. We show in this study that IFN-gamma, which increases the number of endogenously occupied and saturable u-PA receptors, causes a threefold increase of monocyte invasion into amnion tissue in comparison to control cells. The anti-u-PA mAb MPW5UK, which blocks the activity of u-PA, inhibits monocyte invasiveness significantly. In contrast, TNF-alpha, which increases only the number of saturable u-PA receptors on monocytes, does not enhance their invasiveness. This finding suggests that only endogenously occupied u-PA receptors are instrumental in monocyte invasiveness. This conclusion is further supported by the findings that: 1) saturation of monocytes with u-PA does not further increase their invasiveness and that 2) plasminogen-activator inhibitor-2, a specific inhibitor of u-PA associated with endogenously occupied, but not of u-PA bound to saturable receptors, inhibits monocyte invasiveness completely.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Four lichen species new for Russia

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Four lichen species, Biatora chrysanthoides collected from Kostroma Region, Gyalidea minuta from Nizhnii Novgorod Region and Polyblastia borealis and Thelocarpon saxicola from Murmansk Region, are reported for the first time for Russia. Comments on their habitats, substrates, key anatomical features and world distribution are provided for each species.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Recovery and Fractionation of\nPhosphorus Retained by Lightweight\nExpanded Shale and Masonry Sand\nUsed as Media in Subsurface Flow\nTreatment Wetlands

Most subsurface flow treatment wetlands, also known as\nreed bed or root zone systems, use sand or gravel\nsubstrates to reduce organics, solids, and nutrients in\nseptic tank effluents. Phosphorus (P) retention in these\nsystems is highly variable and few studies have identified\nthe fate of retained P. In this study, two substrates,\nexpanded shale and masonry sand, were used as filter\nmedia in five subsurface flow pilot-scale wetlands (2.7 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;).\nAfter 1 year of operation, we estimated the annual rate\nof P sorption by taking the difference between total P (TP)\nof substrate in the pilot cells and TP of substrate not\nexposed to wastewater (control). Means and standard\ndeviations of TP retained by expanded shale were 349 ±\n171 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. For a substrate depth of 0.9 m,\naerial P retention by shale was 201 ± 98.6 g of P m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;\nyear&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Masonry sand retained an insignificant\nquantity of wastewater P (11.9 ± 21.8 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and on\noccasion exported P. Substrate samples were also\nsequentially fractionated into labile P, microbial P, (Fe +\nAl) P, humic P, (Ca + Mg) P, and residual P. In expanded\nshale samples, the greatest increase in P was in the\nrelatively permanent form of (Fe + Al) P (108 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;),\nfollowed by labile P (46.7 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and humic P (39.8 mg\nkg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). In masonry sand, there was an increase in labile P\n(9.71 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Results suggest that sand is a poor\ncandidate for long-term P storage, but its efficiency is\nsimilar to that reported for many sand, gravel, and rock\nsystems. By contrast, expanded shale and similar products\nwith high hydraulic conductivity and P sorption capacity\ncould greatly improve performance of P retention in\nconstructed wetlands.

Topic: Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Plant-Derived Nanovesicle Enhanced Microribonucleic Acid (MicroRNA) Transfer from Nasal Cavity to the Brain

The nasal-to-brain route for drug delivery is potentially useful for the treatment of brain disorders. Not only chemically modified molecules but also nanosized carrier vesicles, such as cell culture-derived exosomes, as small molecules, could be delivered via this route. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the potential of vesicular plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs), which have been identified as multivesicular bodies, for transporting molecules via the nasal-to-brain route. PDNPs were isolated from the edible parts of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>), cherry tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> <i>var. cerasiforme</i>), Delaware grape (<i>Vitis labrusca</i> "<i>Delaware</i>"), and grapefruit (<i>Citrus × paradisi</i>) using commercial kits without ultracentrifugation. Recombinant exogenous microRNA (cel-miR-39) was encapsulated into PDNPs by electroporation. Cel-miR-39-incorporated PDNPs were administered to adult male C57BL/6J mice via intranasal instillation or intravenous injection, and then tissue samples were collected. Cel-miR-39 transportation efficiency was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Intranasal instillation was found to be more effective than intravenous injection for microRNA delivery to the brain. The onion-derived nanoparticle was the most effective transporter of microRNA to the olfactory bulb and caudal brain. The transportation potential and kinetics of other molecules (therapeutic drugs) using onion-derived nanoparticles are of future interest.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Forward and Backward Continuation Ratio Models for Ordinal Response Variables

There are different types of continuation ratio (CR) models for ordinal response variables. The different model equations, corresponding parameterizations, and nonequivalent results are confusing. The purpose of this study is to introduce different types of forward and backward CR models, demonstrate how to implement these models using Stata, and compare the results using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002).

Topic: Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Project Construction Enterprise's Cost Control

That cost controls responsibility is a entire construction project inside the enterprise , delimit income and the disbursement matching ratio responsibility arrangement of ideas, work out every arrangement makes cost by ascertaining the construction organization design plan optimizing,the responsible center of every responsibility arrangement makes various control measure, award and punishment carrying out a fault on various job cashes, in order to improve one kind of administrative behavior of project overall economic effect.

Topic: Evaluation and Optimization Models
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Role-Based Access Control Kernel for

This paper looks at the traditional Unix security models, and introduces the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) security model, a much more finely-grained operation and capability system already deployed in some versions of Trusted Solaris and AIX 6. The development model is discussed, along with various approaches to bringing RBAC kernels to a modern BSD kernel. Some implementation details are then described, and lessons learned from these implementation details are discussed. Finally, the RBAC kernel itself is shown in operation, other systems are compared, and areas for future research are identified. 1.

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON LEPISORUS SUBROSTRATUS (HOOK.) C. CHR., L. MACROSPHAERUS (BAK.) CHING, AND L. KASHYAPII (MEHRA) MEHRA

Three species of Lepisorus, namely L. subrostratus (Hook.) C. Chr., L. macrosphaerus (Bak.) Ching, and L. kashyapii (Mehra) Mehra have been studied in detail. The plants are semiepiphytes or epiphytes having branched, creeping rhizomes attached to the substratum by clusters of thin, dark brown roots. The fronds are simple lanceolate to linear and arranged in two alternating rows, having long or short petioles. The three species possess a dictyostelic rhizome. The petiole has many vascular bundles and the lamina a T-shaped xylem. Large, rounded sori are present in a single row on either side of the midrib. Sporangia are leptosporangiate and protected by clathrate peltate paraphyses in all the species studied. The spores are monolete and bilateral and have a two-layered verrucate to granulate exine.

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac Surgery

Murry and colleagues in 1986 described a paradoxical phenomenon that exposure of the heart to repeated brief ischemic episodes delayed the severity of myocardial infarction of a following prolonged myocardial ischemia and termed it myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IP). From then on, IP had been extensively studied in various kinds of experimental models as well as in humans. Besides delaying myocardial infarction, IP has been proved to be a potent endogenous factor in preserving high energy phosphates, suppressing arrhythmias and improving postischemic functional recovery. Delaying myocardial ultrastructure damage, reducing lactate, reducing the utilization of myocardial glycogen and protecting coronary endothelium after IP has also been found. Different experimental models and conditions resembling cardiac surgery have also been investigated. The mechanism of IP is not yet clear, however. The conclusions derived from animal studies could not totally stand for the situation in open heart surgery. IP was found effective in preserving high energy phosphate, improving heart performance and decreasing cardiac troponin T release during open heart surgery. Controversial exists because in same reports there were no effects of IP. The difference in IP protocol, myocardial protective method and study object might be the reason of the controversial results. Several clinical factors may affect IP effects during clinical practice. The purpose of the present study was to review the recent literature on IP, especially the IP mechanism, IP phenomenon in cardiac surgery and the possible influential factors, to summarize whether IP might prefer additional protection of current protective strategy in cardiac surgery.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Identification of Sporopollenin in Sections of Resin-Embedded Tissues by Controlled Acetolysis

Using a modification of the acetolysis technique it is possible to isolate sporopollenin-rich structures in sections of epoxy-resin embedded plant material. An advantage of the technique, which consists of heating a 9:1 acetic anhydride/H2SO4 mixture to boiling for about 5 min under a cover glass applied to a slide bearing the mounted sections, is that it is possible to examine the material (preceded by staining if necessary), prior to the treatment. Sections may also be cut from the same material for electron microscopy. The acetolysis does not appear to destroy any known sporopollenin-containing structure.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intra‐hemispheric dynamics in infant encoding of coloured facial patterns

Abstract Colour and facial configuration are both very salient aspects of the visual environment for infants, but may both be selectively processed by the right hemisphere (RHS) and under some conditions may compete for RHS resources. The present investigation assessed the relative potency of facial configuration and colour in the two halves of the visual field for 32 infants (with a mean age of 24 weeks). The infants were familiarized to triads of facial figures presented for 250 ms in the left or right visual field. The faces were all different in colour and facial pattern (expression), but one of them (the target) was shown in an upright orientation while the others (distractors) were inverted. The results of paired‐comparison recognition tests indicated that the displays had been initially parsed in terms of configurational category (upright faces versus inverted non‐faces) in both visual fields, attesting to the primacy of this categorical distinction in both hemispheres. However, the focus for subsequent encoding reflected marked hemispheric discrepancies, with a left visual field (RHS) bias to target colour (comprising the first evidence of this for infants) and a contrary right visual field [left hemisphere (LHS)] advantage for distractor pattern. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Face Recognition and Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences