jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Neural Cryptanalysis on Block Ciphers Using Different Encryption Methods

In this paper, we perform neural cryptanalysis on five block ciphers: Data Encryption Standard (DES), Simplified DES (SDES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Simplified AES (SAES), and SPECK. The block ciphers are investigated on three different deep learning-based attacks, Encryption Emulation (EE), Plaintext Recovery (PR), Key Recovery (KR), and Ciphertext Classification (CC) attacks. The attacks attempt to break the block ciphers in various cases, such as different types of plaintexts (i.e., block-sized bit arrays and texts), different numbers of round functions and quantity of training data, different text encryption methods (i.e., Word-based Text Encryption (WTE) and Sentence-based Text Encryption (STE)), and different deep learning model architectures. As a result, the block ciphers can be vulnerable to EE and PR attacks using a large amount of training data, and STE can improve the strength of the block ciphers, unlike WTE, which shows almost the same classification accuracy as the plaintexts, especially in a CC attack. Moreover, especially in the KR attack, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based deep learning model shows higher average Bit Accuracy Probability than the fully connected-based deep learning model. Furthermore, the RNN-based deep learning model is more suitable than the transformer-based deep learning model in the CC attack. Besides, when the keys are the same as the plaintexts, the KR attack can perfectly break the block ciphers, even if the plaintexts are randomly generated. Additionally, we identify that DES and SPECK32/64 applying two round functions are more vulnerable than those applying the single round function by performing the KR attack with randomly generated keys and randomly generated single plaintext.

Topic: Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lincosamide antibiotics stimulate dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from ribosomes

At nonpermissive temperatures the peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase of pth(Ts) bacterial mutants is inactivated, and cells accumulate peptidyl-tRNA and die. Doses of erythromycin, lincomycin, or clindamycin that inhibited the growth of antibiotic-hypersensitive DB-11 pth+ cells accelerated the killing of DB-11 pth(Ts) cells at nonpermissive temperatures. Erythromycin and lincomycin also stimulated the accumulation of peptidyl-tRNA. Lincomycin and clindamycin stimulated peptidyl-tRNA dissociation from ribosomes.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Changing Structure of Intercorporate Relations Among Britain's Largest Retail Firms, 1975-1997

Empirical studies of the structure of intercorporate relations among large firms in Britain and elsewhere have revealed extensive networks of interconections through interlocking directorships. Although the significance of such linkages has been much discussed, they are widely held to constitute important communication channels which may play a significant role in firms' strategic decision-making. However, these issues have not been examined previously in the case of Britain's retail sector. This paper explores the links, via shared directors, between Britain's twenty largest retail companies over the last two decades. The retailers' connections with other major financial and industrial concerns are also explored. The results indicate that intercorporate relations in the retail sector have been radically transformed as these firms have become progressively integrated into Britain's wider business network.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Perturbation of the switch‐on of transcriptase activity in intermediate subviral particles from reovirus

Abstract Intermediate subviral particles (ISVP) derived from reovirus represent a simple model system for the switch‐on of transcriptase function. In such particles the endogenous transcriptase is present in a switched‐off form, one step removed from the switched‐on state. Switch‐on of transcriptase function is an active process in this system and can be triggered by K + ions. A variety of agents which affect gene expression in cells were tested for an effect on switch‐on in ISVP. Marked effects on switch‐on in ISVP were observed with a diverse group of test agents, including DMSO and other solvents, BUdR, TdR, caffeine, theophylline, and temperature. The correlation in response between ISVP and cells suggests that the ISVP system may be useful as a model for studying the biochemical mechanisms underlying the perturbative effects of such agents on gene expression in cells.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stevens’s Late Poems as Buddhist Meditation

While other critics of Stevens have seen his Late Poems as influenced by Buddhist principles, I provide a more thorough analysis that demonstrates how these poems, often dismissed as cold and unfeeling, are actually the fullest extension of his life-long theological project of reformation. They not only describe Buddhist meditation, but enact it.

Topic: Poetry Analysis and Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Factiva parser and NLP pipeline for news articles related to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic generated (and keeps generating) a huge corpus of news articles, easily retrievable in Factiva with very targeted queries. The aim of this software is to provide the means to analyze this material rapidly. Data are retrieved from Factiva and downloaded by hand(...) in RTF. The RTF files are then converted to TXT with unoconv in a unix environment. <strong>Parser:</strong> Takes as input files numerically ordered in a folder. This is not fundamental (in case of multiple retrieves from Factiva) because the parser orders the article by date using the date field contained in each of the articles. Nevertheless, <strong>it is important to reduce duplicates</strong> (because they increase the computational time needed for processing the corpus), so before adding new articles in the folder, be sure to retrieve them from a timepoint that does not overlap with the articles already retrieved. In any case, in the last phase the dataframe is checked for duplicates, that are counted and removed, but still the articles are processed by the parser and <strong>this takes computational time.</strong> The parser removes search summaries, segments the text, and cleans it using regex rules. The resulting text is exported in a complete dataframe as a CSV file; a subset containing only title and text is exported as TXT, ready to be fed to the NLP pipeline. The parser is language agnostic; just change the path to the folder containing the documents to parse. <strong>Important:</strong> there is a regex rule mentioning languages ("header_leftover"). it lists EN, DE, FR and IT. In case you need to work with another language, remember to correct that rule. <strong>NLP pipeline</strong> The NLP pipeline imports the files generated by the parser (divided by month to put less load on the memory) and analyses them. It is <strong>not language agnostic:</strong> correct linguistic settings must be specified in <strong>"setting up", "NLP" and "additional rules".</strong> First some additional rules for NER are defined. Some are general, some are language-specific, as specified in the relevant section. The files are opened and preprocessed, then lemma frequency and NE frequency are calculated per each month and in the whole corpus. <strong>important:</strong> in case of empty months (so, when analyzing less than one year of data) <strong>remember to exclude them from the mean,</strong> otherwise the mean will be distorted by the empty months. All the dataframes are exported as CSV files for further analysis or for data visualization. This code is optimized for English, German, French and Italian. Nevertheless, being based on spaCy, which provides several other models ( https://spacy.io/models ) could easily be adapted to other languages. The whole software is structured in Jupyter-lab notebooks, heavily commented for future reference.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Structure and Solution Properties of High Molecular Weight Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers

Abstract Production of high molecular weight copolymers of butadiene and styrene for use in oil-extended rubbers has aroused interest in the solution properties of copolymers above the molecular weight range commonly encountered in commercial practice. It has been observed that solubility of such polymers in toluene is a time-dependent phenomenon and the apparent solubility can increase continuously, in the absence of agitation, for as long as 800 hours. Although a standard Harris cage solubility test may show the presence of 50% gel, other properties do not confirm the presence of any appreciable quantities of insoluble material. Mild agitation rapidly promotes almost complete solubility. Dilute solution viscosity measurements are very misleading unless the influence of solution time is recognized and apparent intrinsic viscosities rise progressively with time of contact of the sample with solvent. This time-dependence of solution has been found to occur at conversions higher than 50% and is also a function of the amount of modifier used in the polymerization recipe. It has not been possible to shorten the solution time for viscosity measurements by mild heating or gentle agitation. Mixed solvents cause a change in the amount of increase of the apparent intrinsic viscosity but do not shorten the time to equilibrium. Measurement of the slope constant in the Huggins viscosity equation indicate that these solubility and viscosity effects coincide with the appearance of a marked degree of branching in the polymer molecules. The effect is, therefore, interpreted as being caused by the relatively slow disentanglement of molecules of complex structure.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Contested White Lady: A Critique of New Zealand Cultural Heritage Politics

This article critiques New Zealand’s cultural heritage politics by positing that vernacular items, like an iconic eatery called the White Lady, does not meet the legislative criteria enabling cultural heritage status. If vernacular artefacts, including ‘kiwiana’, are to be integrated within cultural heritage, then changes within legislation, definitions and participant preconceptions are necessary. This study argues that cultural heritage is dominated by artefacts and historic places; that ‘kiwiana’ and other vernacular items of social history, practice and tradition are relegated. Items of ‘kiwiana’ act as touchstones of identity for New Zealanders. Therefore, their omission distorts the view of New Zealand’s cultural heritage. The application of cultural heritage status to the White Lady is important because of its transcendence of time and social change, its aesthetic, and also because of its present-day hospitality offering.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Obesity, Shame, and Depression in School-Aged Children: A Population-Based Study

Objectives. To investigate whether there is an association between adolescent obesity and depression in a nonclinical population and whether psychosocial and economic status and subjective experiences of shame (defined as experiences of being degraded or ridiculed by others) may account for such an association. Method.We examined associations between self-reported body mass index (BMI) and depression, controlling for gender, shame, parental employment, parental separation, and economy. The study was performed on a sample of 4703 adolescents (71% of the target population of 15- and 17-year-old students in 1 Swedish County) who answered the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland 2004. Results.Obesity was significantly related to depression and depressive symptoms among 15- and 17-year-olds. Obesity was also significantly related to experiences of shame. All significant association between BMI grouping and depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition disappeared when shaming experiences, parental employment, and parental separation were controlled for. Adolescents who reported many experiences of shame had an increased risk (odds ratio: 11.3; confidence interval: 8.3–14.9) for being depressed. Conclusions.There is a significant statistical association between adolescent obesity and depression. Effects of experiences of shame, parental separation, and parental employment explain this association. These results suggest that clinical treatment of obesity may sometimes not just be a matter of diet and exercise but also of dealing with issues of shame and social isolation.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Plasma level of antidiuretic hormone in patients with chronic renal failure

慢性腎不全患者の視床下部-下垂体後葉系の機能をみるために, 健常人10例, 食餌療法中の慢性腎不全患者14例, 血液透析中の慢性腎不全患者18例の血漿ADHをラジオイムノアッセイを用いて測定した. ADH値は慢性腎不全患者の2群では健常人に比して有意に高く, また食餌療法中の患者よりも血液透析中の患者において有意に高値を示した.食餌療法中の患者においては, 血漿ADHと血清クレアチニン, 血漿ADHと有効血漿浸透圧との間に, 有意な正の相関関係をみた. また血漿ADHと血清Caとの間にも有意な負の相関関係をみた.血液透析中の患者においては, 血漿ADH値は透析後, 透析前に比して有意に低下した. 透析前後とも, 血漿ADHと有効血漿浸透圧との間には有意な正の相関関係をみた. しかし血漿ADHと血清Ca, 血漿ADHとPRA, 血漿ADHとMBPとの間には相関はなかった. また血液透析による血漿ADHの変化と体重の変化についても相関はなかった.これらの結果よりみて慢性腎不全患者においてADHの分泌は第一義的には有効血漿浸透圧によって調節されているとともに, ADHの不活性化については減少していることが考えられた.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Infants' acuity at twenty feet.

Measurement of duration of fixation was used to assess the ability of 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-week-old infants to discriminate black-and-white square-wave gratings from a homogeneous gray field at a distance of 20 ft (6.1 m). Acuity was estimated as the smallest stripe width detectable by at least 18 of the 24 infants in a given age group. The strip width was considered detectable if it was fixated longer than a homogenous gray field. The results are consistent with estimates of infants' threshold acuity obtained at target distances less than 5 feet (1.5 m). Because of the 20-ft viewing distance, these infants' acuity in Snellen notation can be more confidently estimated.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Method of Improving the Performance of Continuously Reading Discrete Small Blocks in the Large Storage System

In the large storage system,the operation of continuously reading discrete small blocks severely impacts the I/O performance. To solve this problem,this paper designs and implements a system,CBSS(correlative blocks speedup system),which implements precise prefetch and regulates the data distribution according the small blocks correlations,mined by a novel heuristic algorithm between the file system and block device. The system performance can be improved evenly and continuously without interruption and sudden state transitions. Furthermore,compared with other algorithms,this heuristic algorithm thinks about both the locality and the globality of the correlations. Through the experiments,it has been proved that CBSS and the algorithm are effective and the system I/O performance can be enhanced distinctly. Furthermore,the prototype can be used universally without modifying the file system and the storage devices.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The crystal structure and stereochemistry of 2-acetyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenones

The stereochemistry of 3a, one of the 2-acetyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylcyclohexenones, obtained by rearrangement of 2,3-diacetyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclopentenone, 2a, under basic conditions, was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. An ORTEP plot shows the configuration of (5RS,6RS)-2-acetyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylcyclohexenone and the presence of a conjugated chelated system involving the H-bonding between O(3)… H(31) and H(31)… O(2).Crystals of 3a are triclinic, a = 10.979(4), b = 7.766(3), c = 6.382(3) Å, α = 86.23(2), β = 72.86(1), γ = 88.23(2)°, Z = 2, space group [Formula: see text]. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.036 and R w = 0.039 for 1324 reflections with I &gt; 3σ(I).The structure of 3a consists of centrosymmetric dimers which contain a nearly planar bicyclic system of a cyclohexenone moiety and a chelated system (Scheme 2).The pathway of the reaction allows one to put forward some hypothesis on the stereochemistry of some analogues of the cyclohexenones 3a and 3b.Faisant appel à la diffraction des rayons-X, on a déterminé la stéréochimie du composé 3a, une des acétyl-2 trihydroxy-3,5,6 diméthyl-5,6 cyclohexénones obtenues par une transposition de la diacétyl-2,3 hydroxy-4 méthyl-4 cyclopenténone, 2a, en milieu alcalin. Une courbe ORTEP démontre que la configuration est (5RS,6RS) pour l'acétyl-2 trihydroxy-3,5,6 diméthyl-5,6 cyclohexénone et qu'il existe un système de chélation conjugué impliquant des liaisons hydrogènes entre O(3)… H(31) et H(31)… O(2).

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dicey &amp; Morris, The Conflict of Laws: A Review

The twelfth edition of Dicey &amp; Morris, The Conflict of Laws (hereafter Dicey &amp; Morris ) appeared in 1993 under the general editorship of Dr Lawrence Collins and with Professors Trevor C. Hartley, J. D. McClean and C. G. J. Morse as specialist editors. It has since been updated by a yearly cumulative supplement; the latest is from 1997. The book takes in the whole province of private international law and is rich in material and ideas. It shows how English lawyers have reacted to the outside world without forgetting that the conflict of laws has an international character. Its students consider it to be a noble science. As Arthur Nussbaum said, the student of private international law “feels himself, as it were, a member of an international community of learning. He will have to study foreign legal ideas and will thereby obtain insight into the variety and interplay of heterogeneous legal concepts and ideas all over the world.”

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Epidemiological survey of patients with pustular psoriasis in the Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research from 2017 to 2020

Abstract The Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research (JSPR) has been conducting annual epidemiological surveys of patients with pustular psoriasis in Japan since 2017. This study aimed to conduct a recent epidemiological analysis of patients with pustular psoriasis who were enrolled in the JSPR from 2017 to 2020. A total of 291 patients from 131 medical institutions were enrolled, of which 47.4% (138 cases) were males and 52.6% (153 cases) were females. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 57.4 ± 20.3 years (males, 61.2 ± 17.3 years; females, 54.1 ± 22.1 years). The mean ± SD age of the patients at disease onset was 48.5 ± 22.5 years (males, 50.8 ± 20.6 years; females, 46.4 ± 24.0 years). The types of pustular psoriasis observed included the von Zumbusch type (59.8%), annular pustular psoriasis (8.2%), impetigo herpetiformis (6.5%), and acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (4.8%), of which, the majority of the patients with impetigo herpetiformis were female. Among the patients, 58.4% were treated with oral medications and 44.0% were treated with biologics. The most common oral medication prescribed was etretinate (52.4%), followed by corticosteroids (24.7%) and cyclosporin (22.9%). The most common biologics used were IL‐17 inhibitors (ixekizumab [28.1%] and secukinumab [22.7%]), followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (infliximab [15.6%]) and IL‐23 inhibitors (guselkumab [14.8%] and risankizumab [10.2%]). This survey thus provides new and significant information regarding the recent perspective of pustular psoriasis, such as patient characteristics and treatment trends, in Japan.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phaseolus vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, PHA 2608

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Phaseolus vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. vulgaris Accession number: PHA 2608 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1983 Origin country: AUT Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Included Historic: No

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A portable respiration evaluation system using on-line segmental empirical mode decomposition

As mHealth (Mobile Health) thrives, advances in collection and analysis of vital signals on portable devices have become more and more important. In this paper, a low end effect on-line segmental empirical mode decomposition (SegEMD) is proposed. SegEMD is capable of processing continuous signals segment by segment with EMD, by reusing the slopes, the previous data and the estimation of signal characteristics in advance. Worst normalized mean squared error (NMSE) compared to the results carried out by the conventional EMD is less than 9%. For decomposing an 8-hour overnight electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the processing time is twice the conventional EMD, but the memory requirement is reduced to below 1%. Compared with SEMD, the processing time is 83% less and the memory used is 63% less. The proposed detrending and extraction of ECG-derived respiration (EDR) also reach 0.72 of correlation coefficient with the respiratory signal from the thoracic belt.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical and Neurophysiological Observations after Superior Petrosal Vein Obstruction during Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle: Case Report

Preservation of venous drainage during surgery of the cerebellopontine angle has received little attention. We describe changes in brainstem auditory evoked potentials after temporary obstruction of the superior petrosal vein during surgical resection of a small meningioma at the petrous apex via a standard suboccipital-lateral approach. Temporary clipping of the petrosal vein resulted in deterioration of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials. The tumor was removed with preservation of the superior petrosal vein. A transient postoperative cochlear nerve deficit emphasizes the importance of venous drainage and its preservation during surgery for small lesions of the cerebellopontine angle that do not distort normal anatomic structures.

Topic: Meningioma and schwannoma management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences