jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AI IR: Charting International Relations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract Over the past decade, rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed a range of areas, from medicine to strategic games and communication technologies, from art and culture to everyday office work. It would be naïve to assume that this evolution does not permeate and alter international affairs. Building on, and solidifying, a thriving yet still fragmented emerging literature on “AI IR,” this forum gathers several critical diagnoses of the way AI technologies impact on various areas of international relations. Introducing new concepts and charting emerging empirical realities, contributors explore how AI advances, such as autonomous lethal systems, synthetic imagery and text, or intelligent systems, are already creating new landscapes of violent and nonviolent international interactions. Yet, behind their distinct takes, contributions together stress the need to correctly locate and evaluate specific sites of AI impact, thus offering a nuanced appraisal scrutinizing grand declarations of an “AI revolution” in global politics.

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
STATE-DEPENDENT FEES FOR VARIABLE ANNUITY GUARANTEES

Abstract For variable annuity policies, management fees for the most basic guarantees are charged at a constant rate throughout the term of the policy. This creates a misalignment of risk and income – the fee income is low when the option value is high, and vice versa. In turn, this may create adverse incentives for policyholders, for example, encouraging surrenders when the options are far out-of-the-money. In this paper, we explore a new fee structure for variable annuities, where the fee rate supporting the cost of guarantees depends on the moneyness of those guarantees. We derive formulas for calculating the fee rates assuming fees are paid only when the guarantees are in-the-money, or are close to being in-the-money, and we illustrate with some numerical examples. We investigate the effect of this new fee structure on the surrender decision.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Coreoidea Species File

This file contains taxon names and related nomenclatural information for the superfamily Coreoidea originating from the Coreoidea Species File maintained by the Species File Group (http://software.speciesfile.org) at the University of Illinois, Illinois Natural History Survey.

Topic: Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction of launch point and impact point of high-speed target using earth ellipsoid coefficient estimation model

탄도미사일, 장사정포와 같은 고속표적에 대한 발사지점 타격 및 지대공 요격무기를 선정하기 위해서는, 탐지센서를 통해 수신되는 표적의 상태정보를 이용하여 발사지점 및 탄착지점에 대한 예측이 필요하다. 이러한 표적들은 발사 이후 상승단계에서는 추력을 이용하고, 추력이 종료된 이후 자유비행 및 낙하단계에서는 중력의 작용으로 낙하하기 때문에 발사지점과 탄착지점을 예측하는데 서로 다른 예측기법들을 이용하게 되는데 이런 방법은 계산의 부하를 증가시키게 된다. 본 논문에서는 일정시간 동안 축적된 항적정보를 이용하는 상태추정 필터링 없이 센서에서 제공되는 고속표적의 한 점에 대한 상태정보만을 이용하면서 지구타원체 계수추정 방법을 이용하여 발사지점 및 탄착지점을 모두 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 연구결과 발사지점 예측에서는 지구타원체 계수추정 모델이 동특성 모델 예측결과에 비해 거리오차가 적었으며, 낙하지점 예측에서는 단순한 케플러운동 모델보다 지구타원체 계수추정 모델이 더 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 향후에는 거리오차를 더 줄이기 위해 잔여시간에 따른 상태변수 변화에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD ICHPXI #83448.1

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Study of acute pharmacologic effects of prolactin on calcium and water transport in the rat colon by an in vivo perfusion technique

We investigated the acute effect of intraperitoneally administered prolactin on calcium and water transport in colon of sexually mature female Wistar rats using an in vivo perfusion technique. Test solution containing (in mM) NaCl, 100; KCl, 4.7; MgSO4, 1.2; CaCl2, 20; D-glucose, 11; sodium ferrocyanide (Na4Fe(CN)6), an index of net water transport, 20; and 0.7 (microCi 45CaCl2 (1 Ci = 37 GBq) was perfused througth the 8-cm colonic loop for 60 min at perfusion rates of 0.5 or 1.0 mL x min(-1). Calcium and water transport was also studied under a no flow condition to stimulate the condition often found in the colon by in vivo ligated colonic loop for 30 min. Control results showed no correlation between calcium transport and water flux. Flow of luminal solution at 0.5 and 1.0 mL x min(-1) was found to reverse net calcium absorption from 0.04+/-0.01 nmol x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1) to net calcium secretion of 0.04+/-0.04 and 0.9+/-0.02 nmol x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1), respectively. Neither 0.4, 0.6, nor 1.0 mg x kg(-1) prolactin had any effect on calcium fluxes in the colon. On the other hand, at a perfusion rate of 1 mL x min(-1), 0.4 mg x kg(-1) prolactin significantly decreased net water absorption from 3.86+/-0.90 to 0.88+/-0.64 mL x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1) (P < 0.001), and the higher doses of 0.6 and 1.0 mg x kg(-1) prolactin reversed net water absorption to net water secretion of 2.20+/-0.63 and 2.33+/-0.89 mL x g(-1) dry weight x h(-1), respectively (P < 0.001). The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water transport was completely abolished by reducing the perfusion rate from 1.0 mL x min(-1) to zero. The stimulatory effect of prolactin on water secretion at perfusion rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) was also abolished when luminal [Na+] was reduced from 180 to 80 mM. We concluded that, unlike in the small intestine, calcium fluxes in the colon are not related to water transport and did not respond at all to prolactin. Water transport, on the other hand, was reversed from net absorption to secretion by prolactin. We propose that this prolactin-induced water secretion is probably mediated by recycling of luminal sodium in the vicinity of tight junctions.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Brief report: The Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS): Gender and age measurement invariance and convergent validity of the Turkish version

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and convergent validity of the Turkish version of the Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS). Participants were 1201 (59.6% females) youth aged between 12 and 24 years ( M age = 17.53 years, SD age = 3.25). Results indicated that the three‐factor model consisting of commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment provided a very good fit to the data and applied equally well to boys and girls as well as to three age groups (early adolescents, middle adolescents, and emerging adults). Significant relations between identity processes and self‐concept clarity, personality, internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, and parental relationships supported convergent validity. Thus, the Turkish version of U‐MICS is a reliable tool for assessing identity in Turkish‐speaking respondents.

Topic: Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Ethical issues with psychedelic-assisted treatments in psychiatry: A systematic scoping review

Abstract Based on promising preliminary results from clinical trials, it seems likely that psychedelic substances (classic serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, and entactogens, such as MDMA) will be introduced into psychiatry as psychedelic-assisted therapy. This also raises a range of ethical questions that urgently need to be addressed before widespread roll-out in society. This scoping review fills a gap in the literature by providing an overview of these ethical issues using a systematic search, presentation, and descriptive analysis of ethical issues in psychedelic-assisted treatments. It includes peer-reviewed studies pertaining to human study participants and psychiatric patients (population), which discuss ethical issues (concept) of psychedelic treatments (context) in clinical trials and other clinical applications. The systematic search included several databases: MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, HeinOnline, and PsycArticles. The search strategy, including all identified keywords and index terms, was adapted for each included database. The search was completed in June 2025 and studies published until then in any language were included. After an iterative process of inductive and deductive coding of ethical issues, the scoping review comprises seven themes related to the ethics of psychedelic-assisted treatments: (1) safety and patient well-being, (2) therapeutic relationships, (3) informed consent, (4) equity and access, (5) research ethics, (6) special contexts, and (7) societal and cultural implications. The results can be used to inform and stimulate further discussion and in-depth research on the ethics of psychedelic-assisted treatments, possibly leading to more nuanced debate surrounding a safer and more ethical implementation of psychedelic-assisted treatments in the future.

Topic: Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic variation of cytochrome <i>b</i> in the prairie vole (<i>Microtus ochrogaster</i>)

Abstract The prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster ) has become a model organism for studying monogamy. A precise account of the phylogeography of this species should increase our understanding of the proximate mechanisms and ultimate factors underlying the observed geographic variation in monogamy. The prairie vole is widespread throughout the North American grasslands, and seven subspecies have been identified based on morphological variation, which suggests the development of genetic structure. However, a prior analysis of allelic diversity at nuclear microsatellite loci showed little geographic differentiation throughout the species’ range. To further address this inconsistency, we sequenced a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus in 34 individuals from separate geographic locations throughout the species’ range. The mitochondrial analysis revealed three widespread genetic clusters without clear geographic patterns. Thus, the results were consistent with the nuclear analysis by demonstrating low geographic differentiation, indicating likely incomplete lineage sorting in the species. Additionally, the observed patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation were not consistent with subspecies designations. Based on our analysis and prior genetic and morphological analyses, we suggest that a reevaluation of the subspecies designations in prairie voles is warranted, with the six contiguous subspecies of prairie voles being synonymized.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Marine bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Vietnam, with description of a new species of Hermatobates (Hermatobatidae)

This paper presents the inventory of exclusively marine Heteroptera species, including taxa of three families of Gerromorpha, Hermatobatidae, Veliidae, and Gerridae, from Vietnam. A new species of coral treaders, Hermatobates sanho sp. nov. from the southern area of Vietnam is described. Xenobates murphyi Andersen, 2000 and Xenobates singaporensis Andersen, 2000 are recorded from the country for the first time.

Topic: Hemiptera Insect Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A game of polls: Bulgaria’s presidential election threatens to shake up the country’s party system

Bulgaria will hold presidential elections on 6 November, with a second round runoff scheduled for 13 November. Dimitar Bechev previews the contest, writing that the candidate supported by the country’s largest party, GERB, could face a tougher contest than originally anticipated.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 5 of Genome-wide association analysis reveals quantitative trait loci and candidate genes involved in yield components under multiple field environments in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Additional file 5: Table S4. QTNs and QTLs of boll number per plant, boll weight, lint percentage and seed index detected by multi-loci MLM model.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electromyographic (EMG) signal to joint torque processing and effect of various factors on EMG to torque model

This study present electromyographic (EMG) signal to torque model and investigates the effects of various factors on EMG signal and EMG to torque model. Pre-processing techniques are applied on EMG signal in order to remove the DC offset, 60 Hz noise and to estimate the EMG amplitude. The estimated EMG amplitude is then mapped to joint torque using a new non-linear equation. This equation uses some parameters, whose values are obtained using nonlinear regression. Ten subjects took part in the experiments and performed variable force maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and sub-maximal voluntary contractions (SMVC). The resulting elbow joint torque and EMG signals were pre-processed and entered to the model to find value of the parameters using nonlinear regression. Once these values were obtained they were put into the model and thus joint torque was estimated. Also EMG is analysed for effect of various factors like muscle fatigue, cross talk and different joint velocity. The results obtained from this model are highly correlated with the true values of the torque and the average correlation and mean square error for different experiments are 0.9997 and 0.047 Nm respectively. This new mathematical equation can be used to design a control system for rehabilitation and wearable robots.

	 

	Key words: Electromyographic (EMG), maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), power spectral density, levenberg-marquardt algorithm, non-linear regression.

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Motion Pictures

Film Literature Index: A Quarterly Author-Subject Periodical Index to the International Literature of Film (Information Coordinators, Inc., 1435-37 Randolph St., Detroit, Mich. 48226 — $100 per year/4 issues; or $125 per year/4 issues plus annual cumulation: add $25 out of U.S. and Canada) Janet Weiner's How to Organize and Run a Film Society (New York: Collier Books, 1973 — $3.95) Johnny Minus and William Storm Hale's Film Superlist: 20,000 Motion Pictures in the Public Domain (Hollywood, Calif.: Seven Arts Press, Inc., 1973 — $95.00 in a single volume; or $5.95 each for 10 paperback volumes) Gerald Mast's The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1973 — $5.95, paper) Donald Knox's The Magic Factory: How MGM Made “An American in Paris” (New York: Praeger, 1973 — $9.95) Harry M. Gedule and Ronald Gottesman's An Illustrated Glossary of Film Terms (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973 — cost not known, paper) Kris J. Malkiewicz assisted by Robert E. Rogers, Cinematography: A Guide for Film Makers and Film Teachers (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1973 — $6.95, paper) John Quick and Tom LaBau, Handbook of Film Production. (New York: Macmillan, 1972 — $10.95) Charles G. Clarke and Walter Strenge, American Cinematographer Manual (4th edition — Hollywood: ASC Holding Corp., 1782 North Orange Drive, 1973 — $18.00)

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Continuous single-mode scanning of tunable lasers: a new approach

We describe a novel method that allows for continuous single-mode scanning of tunable lasers over a large spectral range. The method, which is most applicable to lasers using a diffraction grating as dispersive element, is illustrated here as a modification to the grazing incidence pulsed dye laser.1

Topic: Laser Design and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Children's expressed emotions during playful learning games

Studies on software tutoring systems for complex learning have shown that confusion has a beneficial relationship with the learning experience and student engagement (Arguel et al., 2017). Causing confusion can prevent boredom while signs of confusion can serve as a signal of genuine learning and as a predecessor for frustration. There is little to no research on the role of confusion in early childhood education and playful learning, as these studies primarily focus on high school and university students during complex learning tasks. Despite that, the field acknowledges that confusion may be caused by inconsistency between information and a student's internal model referred to as cognitive disequilibrium known from the theory of cognitive development, which was originally theorized based on observational studies on young children (D'Mello and Graesser, 2012). Therefore, there is reason to expect that the virtues of confusion also apply to young children engaging in learning activities, such as playful learning. To investigate the role of confusion in playful learning, we conducted an observational study, in which the behavior and expressed emotions of young children were collected by familiar pedagogues, using a web app, while they engaged with playful learning games designed for kindergartens. The expressed emotions were analyzed using a likelihood metric to determine the likely transitions between emotions (D'Mello and Graesser, 2012). The preliminary results showed that during short play sessions, children express confusion, frustration, and boredom. Furthermore, the observed emotional transitions were matched with previously established models of affect dynamics during complex learning. We argue that games with a learning objective can benefit by purposely confusing the player and how the player's confusion may be managed to improve the learning experience.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Randomness and Replication Revisited: A Content Analysis of Research Published in "Science Education" from 1988-1992.

This study was conceived as a systematic replication of a content analysis of published science education research conducted by Horton et al. in 1993. As such, 47 research articles published in "Science Education" between 1988 and 1992 were examined. Also, this study further extended the findings of Shaver and Norton, and Wallen and Fraenkel, who conducted similar analyses of general and social studies research. One major objective in this analysis was to determine whether science education researchers routinely practice commonly recommended research procedures. In addition, reviewers were interested in whether direct or systematic replication, common practices in other disciplines, play significant roles in science education research. The method of analysis and a discussion of the results are included.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 1753 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "BasisOfRecord is one of (Living Specimen, Occurrence evidence, Specimen, Material sample, Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)", "Continent is Africa", "Country is Algeria", "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "Issue is Coordinate rounded", "PublishingOrg is 28eb1a3f-1c15-4a95-931a-4af90ecb574d", "TaxonKey is Orchidaceae" ] } The dataset includes 1753 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0073564-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Under the Law: <i>Gary B., Espinoza</i>, and the fight for school funding

A pair of recent federal court decisions could have profound consequences for school funding across the country. In the first, Gary B. v. Whitmer, the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of seven Detroit, Michigan, public school students who argued that their schools were so woefully underfunded as to deny them the opportunity to become fully literate, which is essential to the exercise of fundamental rights under the U.S. Constitution. In the second, Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Montana could not block parents from using the state’s education tax-credit program to pay for tuition at private religious schools.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Southeastern Peanut-Production Cost Efficiency Under the Quota System: Implications for the Farm-Level Impacts of the 2002 Farm Act

In the article, stochastic frontier analysis of peanut-production efficiency in the Southeastern region of the United States is conducted with a view of assessing the likely farm-level impacts of the 2002 Farm Act. Results indicate that, although quota ownership did not significantly impact inefficiency, it is likely that limitations on the quota's transferability to areas with better growing conditions were a significant cause of inefficiency. The acreage shifts and improved yields following the passage of the 2002 Farm Act support this conclusion. Certain farm characteristics, such as farm size and operator's education and age, were also important for efficiency.

Topic: Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic evaluation for productive and reproductive traits in Holstein Friesian cows under subtropical condition

Lactation records (1,017) of Holstein cows, kept in private dairy farm in Egypt, from 2008 to 2015 were used for the study. The objectives were to estimate the effect of some factors on performance and estimate some genetic parameters. Traits studied were 305 day milk yield (305-dMY), lactation period (LP), peak milk yield (PY), number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI). Data were analyzed using Multi Traits Animal Model. Least squares means were 4436 kg, 215 d and 37 kg for 305-dMY, LP and PY, respectively, and 3.45, 182 d, and 452 d for NSC, DO and CI, respectively. Season and year of calving and parity had significant effects on all traits, except that of year of calving on PY and parity on NSC. Sire had significant effect only on 305- dMY and PY. Estimates of heritability for 305-dMY, LP, PY, NSC, DO and CI were 0.20, 0.07, 0.19, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among productive or reproductive traits were positive and between productive and reproductive traits were likewise positive. Genetic correlations among productive or reproductive traits ranged from 0.75 to 0.80 and 0.22 to 0.45, respectively.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences