jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Class of Maximum Load Capacity Sector Thrust Bearings

A finite element method is used to determine the pressure distribution for a sector pad of a thrust bearing. The optimization technique known as pattern search is applied to the load capacity as a function of the pocket boundary and pocket depth. An optimum ratio of effective length to width is discovered and the optimum pocket geometry, associated two dimensional pressure distribution, power dissipation, center of pressure, and maximum load capacity are calculated for bearings of various curvature and degree of arc.

Topic: Tribology and Lubrication Engineering
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Increasing Incidence of Cigar End Rot Disease is Compromising Recent Gains in Banana Production in Kenya

Bananas are one of the most important crops for income generation in Central and Eastern Kenya. In these regions, dessert varieties have traditionally been most widely grown with cultivar Gros Michel having dominated until the 1990s, when increasing infection by panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense) caused a significant decline in orchard productivity. Measures to support recovery of banana farming were initiated with the trust being introduction of the Fusarium resistant Cavedish varieties, predominantly the Giant cavedish types (Grand nain, Williams). Although the adoption rates for these varieties has been modest, largely due to the high cost of tissue cultured seedlings, the cavedish types currently dominate commercially oriented banana orchards. In the recent past increased incidence of cigar end rot has been observed with devastating severity on the cavedish types. The disease has established widely in banana orchards in the mid altitudes regions especially Kiambu, Thika and spreading further in the surrounding districts. Preliminary observations indicate incidence is over 50% (no. of mats diseased) with aggravated severity during warm moist periods. Infected fruits turn grey from the tips resembling burning cigarette. Most commonly infection starts from the youngest fruits where the attached bracts of the male buds may continue to shade the fingers thus creating suitable microclimates in which the pathogen proliferates. Once a bunch has been infected its market value declines drastically since buyers prefer whole bunches that are easier to package for transportation and ripening. Although there is increasing shift to weight based marketing whereby fingers can be detached and sold individually or as a cluster, presentation of produce as a whole bunch commands premium. Infection of fingers at early stages of growth induces premature ripening and creates opening for other organisms that may aggravate the damage. In response to this threat, farmers have been advised to remove the male buds promptly as soon as the last fingers form. Farmers are also increasingly applying fungicides to protect the bunch. Considering that a bunch matures over several weeks, numerous sprays are often required before the bunch can be harvested. This practice has a downside in that the cost of applying fungicides eats into expected profits and further, the presence of fungicide sprays on fruits may turn away potential clients. There is need to include cigar end rot among the priority diseases in research and extension programmes to support sustainable growth and profitability of banana farming in Kenya.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved piece-wise linear and nonlinear synchronization of a class of discrete chaotic systems

This paper deals with the chaotic synchronization of a discrete chaotic system. Based on a stable analysis, improved piece-wise linear feedback and nonlinear feedback control methods were given. Both the methods can achieve chaotic synchronization efficiently with one control input. The range of coupling coefficient is calculated in both the methods. Compared with nonlinear controls, the improved piece-wise linear controls have simpler structures and can be obtained more easily. Finally, the numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of both the methods.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Design-Based Perspective on Synthetic Control Methods

Since their introduction in Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003), Synthetic Control (SC) methods have quickly become one of the leading methods for estimating causal effects in observational studies in settings with panel data. Formal discussions often motivate SC methods by the assumption that the potential outcomes were generated by a factor model. Here we study SC methods from a design-based perspective, assuming a model for the selection of the treated unit(s) and period(s). We show that the standard SC estimator is generally biased under random assignment. We propose a Modified Unbiased Synthetic Control (MUSC) estimator that guarantees unbiasedness under random assignment and derive its exact, randomization-based, finite-sample variance. We also propose an unbiased estimator for this variance. We document in settings with real data that under random assignment, SC-type estimators can have root mean-squared errors that are substantially lower than that of other common estimators. We show that such an improvement is weakly guaranteed if the treated period is similar to the other periods, for example, if the treated period was randomly selected. While our results only directly apply in settings where treatment is assigned randomly, we believe that they can complement model-based approaches even for observational studies.

Topic: Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sufficient Statistics and Latent Trait Models

For questionnaires with two answer categories, it has been proven in complete generality that if a minimal sufficient statistic exists for the individual parameter and if it is the same statistic for all values of the item parameters, then the raw score (or the number of correct answers) is the minimal sufficient statistic. It follows that the model must by of the Rasch type with logistic item characteristic curves and equal item-discriminating powers. This paper extends these results to multiple choice questionnaires. It is shown that the minimal sufficient statistic for the individual parameter is a function of the so-called score vector. It is also shown that the so-called equidistant scoring is the only scoring of a questionnaire that allows for a real valued sufficient statistic that is independent of the item parameters, if a certain ordering property for the sufficient statistic holds.

Topic: Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bug city life: Public acceptance of urban insect-friendly meadows in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

Reports of continuing declines in some insect populations have raised concerns and calls for action to protect insects. The establishment of insect-friendly meadows in urban areas provides an opportunity to conserve both insect and plant diversity. However, public acceptance can be an obstacle to the implementation of such meadows, for example, due to competing land use interests and the perception that tall meadows are visually unattractive. To address these concerns and align urban green spaces with both public preferences and environmental needs, a systematic understanding of the factors influencing public acceptance of meadows is essential. To this end, a representative online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with 899 participants to assess the acceptance of insect-friendly meadows in urban areas. The study shows significant support for insect-friendly meadows across all subgroups and within each country-specific subgroup. The factor that most influences their acceptance is the recognition of the ecological benefits of these meadows. It is therefore highly recommended to prioritize public awareness campaigns that highlight the complex relationship between plant and insect diversity. Such efforts can contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of insect-friendly meadows for biodiversity, thereby increasing public support for these conservation measures. Additionally, considerations related to perceived aesthetics, appreciation of an increase in insect abundance, preference for public funding, and a general sense of safety around these meadows should inform the development and communication strategies for insect-friendly green spaces, as they significantly influence public acceptance. These design and perception aspects of meadows were shown to have a stronger influence on the acceptance of meadows than individual, attitudinal characteristics such as environmental attitudes or attitudes toward insect decline. While this study provides insights into the general public acceptance of insect-friendly meadows, more research is needed to understand the influence of the specific local context on meadow acceptance.

Topic: Animal and Plant Science Education
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[Experience with lamictal in the treatment of outpatients with resistant epilepsy].

The article summarizes the results of lamictal treatment in 93 patients with resistant epilepsy. Lamictal was used in a dose of 50-200 mg a day as an auxiliary drug in the treatment with other anticonvulsants. Its therapeutic efficacy was analyzed in relation to the form of epilepsy, the type of seizures, dosage of lamictal duration of therapy, and as patients' sex, age, and social activity. In the total group, 17.2% of the patients have remissions, in 48.4% the frequency of seizures frequency was reduced (> 50%) and 34.4% of the patients exhibited a less pronounced effect (< 50%). When combining lamictal and valproates, the best results were obtained in generalized seizures, especially in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and in young and middle-age female patients with active social functioning.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Who Believes It’s the Government’s Responsibility?

Research has shown that intelligence correlates with different ideological and political beliefs, even when extensive controls are used. Based on data from the NLSY97 dataset, Belief in Governmental Responsibility (BGR) (r = -.35, 95 % CI -.40, -.30) and Belief in Individual Responsibility (BIR) (r = -.25, 95 % CI -.30, -.20) were both negatively correlated with general intelligence. Analysis using a bifactor model indicated that, independent of general intelligence, crystalized ability was negatively associated with BIR (path coefficient = -.24, p < .001). General intelligence was negatively related to both BIR (path coefficient = -.24, p < .001) and BGR (path coefficient = -.29, p < .001) according to structural equation modeling. Covariates such as race, sex, parental SES, income, and education could not account for these relationships. The relationship between ideological extremism and intelligence was also evaluated. Contrary to previous research, the correlation between political extremism and cognitive ability was weak and negligible for both BGR (r = -.008, p = .77) and BIR (r = -.07, p < .01). Keywords: Intelligence, IQ, Psychometrics, g factor, Political views

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Understanding the relationship between coopetition and startups’ resilience: the role of entrepreneurial ecosystem and dynamic exchange capability

Purpose This study aims to grounded in the dynamic capability theory and focuses on the dynamic exchange capability framework, encompassing networkbuilding capability and resource integration capability, to explore the relationship between coopetition and resilience, with ecosystem digitalization serving as the boundary condition. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a survey study among 382 B2B startups with second-hand data from the city level. Findings Startups engaged in coopetition activities can build resilience through the mediating effects of network-building capability and resource integration capability. In addition, ecosystem digitalization positively moderates these relationships. Practical implications This study advocates for entrepreneurs to leverage coopetition to enhance resilience by activating network-building capability and resource integration capability and to apply ecosystem digitalization throughout this transformation process. Originality/value Many studies have discussed how to strengthen the resilience of startups, but the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in constructing resilience has received little attention. This study contributes to the understanding of the causal relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurship, promotes the development of the dynamic exchange capability framework, and sheds light on the flow of resources across borders within ecosystems.

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
23. Priorities in relation to mortgages and charges

Course-focused and comprehensive, the <italic>Textbook on Land Law</italic> provides an accessible overview of one key area on the law curriculum. This chapter explains the rules relating to priorities between successive mortgages and charges and between mortgages and charges and other estates and interests in land. It covers the priorities of mortgages of an equitable interest; the priorities of mortgages of a legal estate; the priorities of three or more mortgages; mortgagee’s right to tack further advances; and interests prior to the mortgage.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Backlash Against Employment Equity: The British Columbia Experience

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Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical Diabetes/Therapeutics

We have developed a computer-based smart telemedicine system with the aim of giving automated support to GD patients while insulin is not required. The smart telemedicine system combines a platform for remote monitoring of diabetes-related parameters with a decision-support system (DSS) based on expert knowledge that generates automatic feedback to patients and/or clinicians. The DSS generates initial and follow-up diet treatments and detects the need to start insulin. Blood glucose (BG) data downloaded to the system from the patient?s glucose meter is automatically classified into mealtime intervals and moments of measurement (preprandial,postprandial) by a classifier based on a decision tree. After downloading BG data and informing on ketonuria fasting status, the patient receives an evaluation of the data and, if needed, a proposal of diet adjustment. In case insulin therapy is advised, the system also informs the responsible doctor who schedules a face-to-face appointment. Sixty-nine patients diagnosed of GD following the NDDG criteria were randomized (2:1) to use the system (active group) or to attend the usual face-to-face visits (control group). At baseline, groups were comparable regarding all the clinical variables tested. During the follow-up period (36 days (1-141)), no correction of the automated-proposed treatment was done by doctors. Mean number of BG downloads by patients was 10.2±8 (1-29) and the mean number of changes in diet automatically proposed was 0.46. Mean number of BG values/day, mean BG and the % of BG values above 140 mg/dl, pre-partum HbA1c, and all the perinatal outcomes tested were similar between the groups. Mean number of face-to-face visits performed including first visit and training was 4.8±2.8 for the control group and 1.4±0.6 for the active group (p&lt;0.001). In conclusion, this computer-based smart telemedicine system successfully replaced face-to-face follow-up visits in women diagnosed of GD while insulin therapy was not required.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RIPENING RESPONSE OF TWELVE SUGARCANE CULTIVARS TO MODDUS ® (TRIN-EXAPAC ETHYL)

FIELD experiments were conducted at two sites in the Bundaberg area between 2004 and 2006 to quantify the impact of MODDUS ® (trin-exapac ethyl) on increasing CCS in sugarcane. The experiments were undertaken to support product registration and to develop strategies for economic forward extension of the harvesting season. MODDUS ® was sprayed from a tractor-based overhead boom at 200 g ai/ha to 12 varieties in replicated trials. In 2004, sequential harvests were conducted at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after a single application of MODDUS ®. In 2006, harvests were conducted at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after two applications of MODDUS ® two weeks apart. Cane was harvested in 2005 after no further treatment with MODDUS ® to assess any residual effects of the 2004 treatment on subsequent yield. Significant responses in CCS, across varieties, of 0.81, 1.00 and 0.99 units were obtained at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after treatment of plant cane in 2004. Increases in sugar yield were significant for the 8 and 10 week harvests. Significant CCS responses were also obtained in the second ratoon crop at this site, but responses were not as large as in plant cane. Q205 A and Q225 were less responsive than the other four clones and there was no difference in response by delaying spraying by 14 days. CCS response across another six plant cane clones in 2006 was significantly higher for the earlier spraying (0.96 versus 0.60 units) and average CCS response declined from 1.10 units at 6 weeks after spraying to 0.6 units at 10 weeks. There were also significant varietal effects on CCS response. MODDUS ® had no significant effect on cane yield for the duration of the experiments in 2004 and 2006 and the carry-over effect on cane yield was not significant for five of the six varieties in 2005. Significant CCS responses generally resulted in higher sugar yields. CCS response to MODDUS ® was controlled by both the level of CCS at spraying and the rate of natural rise in CCS in the five weeks after spraying.

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
sj-docx-7-npx-10.1177_1934578X221076218 - Supplemental material for The Effects of Salt-Water Processing of <i>Phellodendri Chinensis</i> Cortex on the Enhancement of Kidney Absorption of the Main Alkaloids

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-npx-10.1177_1934578X221076218 for The Effects of Salt-Water Processing of <i>Phellodendri Chinensis</i> Cortex on the Enhancement of Kidney Absorption of the Main Alkaloids by Fan Zhang, Li Li, Jia-hui Zhao, Xiu-tong Ge, Hui Gao and Tian-zhu Jia in Natural Product Communications

Topic: Berberine and alkaloids research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inovação em Modelos de Gestão de Relacionamento: Estruturas Organizacionais Orientadasà Experiência do Cliente

This article discusses how organizational design and operating models can be reconfigured to integrate sales, service, and operations around the customer experience, replacing functional silos with journey-oriented structures and value missions. Drawing on process organization, contingency theory, and business agility, we propose a framework that combines multidisciplinary squads/cells, dual governance (execution + innovation), and experience metrics as mechanisms for economic and behavioral alignment. We argue that relationship management is, above all, an organizational project: role choices, rituals, and interfaces define perceived service quality as much as commercial techniques. Therefore, the brand's "frontstage" must be coupled with the operational "backstage" through clear internal services, service-level agreements, and end-to-end learning cycles (GALBRAITH, 2014; MINTZBERG, 1979; KOTTER, 2012; PINE; GILMORE, 2011; EDMONDSON, 2012).

Topic: Cognitive and psychological constructs research
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Robust design based on synthetic judgment for the luffing mechanism of truck-mounted crane

The performance index is determined by structure and kinetic analysis for the luffing mechanism of truck-mounted crane,and a mathematical model for robust design is established.Specific to restraint multi-performance of Robust design of the luffing mechanism,by adopting synthetic judgment the robust design for the luffing mechanism of truck-mounted crane is conducted based on loss model method to obtain optimal design parameter for impacting the performance of the mechanism.Therefore,the max.thrust of the luffing cylinder is decreased to the minimum with little fluctuation ratio of the thrust and stable piston.Meanwhile it is rectified through experiment the correct and practical value of the method,which pro-vide reference for the application of robust design method in dealing with multi-performance index.

Topic: Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peer Review #1 of "Functional characterization of the GhNRT2.1e gene reveals its significant role in improving nitrogen use efficiency in Gossypium hirsutum (v0.1)"

Background.Nitrate is the primary type of nitrogen available to plants, which is absorbed and transported by nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) at low nitrate conditions.Methods.Genome-wide identification of NRT2 genes in G. hirsutum was performed.Gene expression patterns were revealed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR.Gene functions were characterized using overexpression in A. thaliana and silencing in G. hirsutum.Protein interactions were verified by yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays.Results.We identified 14, 14, 7, and 7 NRT2 proteins in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. raimondii, and G. arboreum.Most NRT2 proteins were predicted in the plasma membrane.The NRT2 genes were classified into four distinct groups through evolutionary relationships, with members of the same group similar in conserved motifs and gene structure.The promoter regions of NRT2 genes included many elements related to growth regulation, phytohormones, and abiotic stresses.Tissue expression pattern results revealed that most GhNRT2 genes were specifically expressed in roots.Under low nitrate conditions, GhNRT2 genes exhibited different expression levels, with GhNRT2.1ebeing the most upregulated.Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhNRT2.1eexhibited increased biomass, nitrogen and nitrate accumulation, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, nitrogen-metabolizing enzyme activity, and amino acid content under low nitrate conditions.In addition, GhNRT2.1e-silencedplants exhibited suppressed nitrate uptake and accumulation, hampered plant growth, affected nitrogen metabolism processes, and reduced tolerance to low nitrate.The results showed that GhNRT2.1ecould promote nitrate uptake and transport under low nitrate conditions, thus effectively increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).We found that GhNRT2.1einteracts with GhNAR2.1 by yeast two-hybrid and LCI assays.Discussion.Our research lays the foundation to increase NUE and cultivate new cotton varieties with efficient nitrogen use.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences