jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the Cytology of Hymenomycetes. VII. Karyological Studies in<i>Fomes Lividus</i>Kalchbr

SUMMARY1. The karyological phenomena in the life-cycle of Fomes lividus Kalchbr., a resupinate member of the family Polyporaceae has been studied in detail.2. The young basidium is distinctly binucleate. This dikaryotic condition comes to an end with their fusion to form a synkaryon. The synkaryon first undergoes an interphasic enlargement followed by the appearance of chromatic materials as reticulate structure. Subsequently, from the reticulum typical chromosomes (2 n = 6) are formed. A haploid chromosome set constituting a genome (n = 3) forms a daughter nucleus at each pole. The orientation of the spindle of the first division of meiosis (heterotypic) is more or less transverse while in the second division (homotypic) it shows irregularities. A third nuclear division occurs forming the eight nucleate condition of the basidium. Four of these eight nuclei migrate into four developing basidiospores while the other four degenerate in the collapsing basidium. The nucleus within the basidiospore often divides before the liberation from the sterigma.3. The mature uni- or binucleate basidiospore on germination produces one to three germ-tubes. The germ-tubes are either quite narrow or of the same width as that of the spores. As the germ-tubes enlongate, their nuclei repeatedly divide, formation of septa follows and eventually a septate primary mycelium of uninucleate cells without clamp-connexion is formed.4. The secondary mycelium, with characteristic clamp-connexion and binucleate cells, is formed only when two compatible primary mycelia unite.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predicting users’ demographic characteristics in a Chinese social media network

Purpose Based on user-generated content from a Chinese social media platform, this paper aims to investigate multiple methods of constructing user profiles and their effectiveness in predicting their gender, age and geographic location. Design/methodology/approach This investigation collected 331,634 posts from 4,440 users of Sina Weibo. The data were divided into two parts, for training and testing . First, a vector space model and topic models were applied to construct user profiles. A classification model was then learned by a support vector machine according to the training data set. Finally, we used the classification model to predict users’ gender, age and geographic location in the testing data set. Findings The results revealed that in constructing user profiles, latent semantic analysis performed better on the task of predicting gender and age. By contrast, the method based on a traditional vector space model worked better in making predictions regarding the geographic location. In the process of applying a topic model to construct user profiles, the authors found that different prediction tasks should use different numbers of topics. Originality/value This study explores different user profile construction methods to predict Chinese social media network users’ gender, age and geographic location. The results of this paper will help to improve the quality of personal information gathered from social media platforms, and thereby improve personalized recommendation systems and personalized marketing.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Zinc Finger-Only Protein Zfp260 Is a Novel Cardiac Regulator and a Nuclear Effector of α1-Adrenergic Signaling

alpha1-Adrenergic receptors mediate several biological effects of catecholamines, including the regulation of myocyte growth and contractility and transcriptional regulation of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene whose promoter contains an alpha1-adrenergic response element. The nuclear pathways and effectors that link receptor activation to genetic changes remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the isolation by the yeast one-hybrid system of a cardiac cDNA encoding a novel nuclear zinc finger protein, Zfp260, belonging to the Krüppel family of transcriptional regulators. Zfp260 is highly expressed in the embryonic heart but is downregulated during postnatal development. Functional studies indicate that Zfp260 is a transcriptional activator of ANF and a cofactor for GATA-4, a key cardiac regulator. Knockdown of Zfp260 in cardiac cells decreases endogenous ANF gene expression and abrogates its response to alpha1-adrenergic stimulation. Interestingly, Zfp260 transcripts are induced by alpha1-adrenergic agonists and are elevated in genetic models of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The data identify Zfp260 as a novel transcriptional regulator in normal and pathological heart development and a nuclear effector of alpha1-adrenergic signaling.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Acute effects of urban air pollution on respiratory health of children with and without chronic respiratory symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate to what extent different components of air pollution are associated with acute respiratory health effects in children with and without chronic respiratory symptoms. METHODS: During three consecutive winters starting in 1992-3, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms were registered daily in panels of children of 7-11 years old with and without symptoms, living in urban areas with high traffic intensity in The Netherlands. Simultaneously, panels of children living in non-urban areas were studied. Daily measurements of particles with aerodynamic diameter &lt; 10 microns (PM10), black smoke (BS), sulphate, SO2, and NO2 were performed in both areas. RESULTS: The contrast in particle concentrations (PM10, BS, and sulphate) between urban and non-urban areas was small, but there was more contrast in the concentrations of SO2 and NO2. In children with symptoms from both areas, significant associations were found between PM10, BS, and sulphate concentrations and the prevalence of symptoms of the lower respiratory tract (LRS) and decrements in PEF. Particle concentrations were also associated with use of bronchodilators in the urban areas, but not in the non-urban areas. After stratification by use of medication, stronger associations were found in children who used medication than in children who did not use medication. The magnitude of the estimated effects was in the order of a twofold increase in the use of bronchodilators, a 50% increase in LRS, and an 80% increase in decrements in PEF for a 100 micrograms/m3 increase in the 5 day mean PM10 concentration. In children without symptoms, significant associations were found between concentrations of PM10 and BS and decrements in PEF in both areas, but these associations were smaller than those for children with symptoms. No associations with respiratory symptoms were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that children with symptoms are more susceptible to the effects of particulate air pollution than children without symptoms, and that use of medication for asthma does not prevent the adverse effects of particulate air pollution in children with symptoms.

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extreme genetic code optimality from a molecular dynamics calculation of amino acid polar requirement

A molecular dynamics calculation of the amino acid polar requirement is presented and used to score the canonical genetic code. Monte Carlo simulation shows that this computational polar requirement has been optimized by the canonical genetic code more than any previously-known measure. These results strongly support the idea that the genetic code evolved from a communal state of life prior to the root of the modern ribosomal tree of life.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Altered neutrophil immunophenotypes in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

An increasing number of evidences suggest a genetic predisposition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that might favor the occurrence of the driver genetic alterations. Such genetic background might also translate into phenotypic alterations of residual hematopoietic cells. Whether such phenotypic alterations are present in bone marrow (BM) cells from childhood B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL remains to be investigated. Here we analyzed the immunophenotypic profile of BM and peripheral blood (PB) maturing/matured neutrophils from 118 children with BCP-ALL and their relationship with the features of the disease. Our results showed altered neutrophil phenotypes in most (77%) BCP-ALL cases. The most frequently altered marker was CD10 (53%), followed by CD33 (34%), CD13 (15%), CD15/CD65 (10%) and CD123 (7%). Of note, patients with altered neutrophil phenotypes had younger age (p = 0.03) and lower percentages of BM maturing neutrophils (p = 0.004) together with greater BM lymphocyte (p = 0.04), and mature B-cell (p = 0.03) counts. No significant association was found between an altered neutrophil phenotype and other disease features. These findings point out the potential existence of an altered residual hematopoiesis in most childhood BCP-ALL cases.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Suicidal areas: Cluster analysis profiles of urban environments

For a 12 year period from 1966–1977 epidemiological data on attempted suicide will be presented for the city of Mannheim, Germany. In the line with Durkheim's theory of social disintegration within the tradition of ecological studies like Faris &amp; Dunham's “Mental Illness in Urban Area” or Sainsbury's “Suicide in London”, we have done an ecological study on attempted suicide in Mannheim. The ecological study was based on the level of municipal wards, on the level of smaller enumeration districts and even on the level of streets and small neighborhood areas. As the results of the eclogical study it was found that the strength and the direction of correlations between attempted suicide rates and ecological properties of social disintegration varied with the level of the ecological unit. At the level of streets and small neighborhoods a high concentration of attempted suicide was found. Within the street with the highest rate any 10th inhabitant has attempted suicide within the 12 years’ period. The cluster analysis profiles show two types of areas with high rates of attempted suicide, where both, social anomie and social disintegration, are high.

Topic: Diverse Academic Research Areas
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Loss of bronchial epithelial E-cadherin results in spontaneous airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation and exaggerated responses to house-dust mite

It is unknown whether impaired barrier function and reduced expression of adherens and tight junction proteins in the airway epithelium of asthmatic patients is cause or consequence of asthma pathogenesis. Here, we test the hypothesis that loss of E-cadherin in airway epithelial cells critically contributes to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. To this end, we established mice with conditional loss of E-cadherin in the airway epithelium (<i>Cdh1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> Cre<sup>+</sup>), and compared these to Cre-negative littermates. Naïve mice were examined for lung anatomy and inflammation at several ages, and after House Dust Mite treatment (HDM) in 4 week old mice. <i>Cdh1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> Cre<sup>+</sup> mice were viable and displayed no gross abnormalities in lung development. However, pro-inflammatory activation of the airway epithelium was evident from CCL17 and MIP3α production, and inflammatory dendritic cells and eosinophils accumulated in lungs of naïve <i>Cdh1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> Cre<sup>+</sup> mice. <i>Cdh1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> Cre<sup>+</sup> mice display spontaneous goblet cell metaplasia and hypoplasia of ciliated and secretory airway epithelial cells in the bronchioles. Exposure of 4-week old <i>Cdh1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> Cre<sup>+</sup> mice to HDM induced strongly exaggerated eosinophilic airway inflammation compared to Cre<sup>-</sup> littermates. These data show that airway epithelial loss of E-cadherin induces spontaneous changes characteristic of an asthmatic phenotype, and strongly enhances sensitivity to HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. Hence, loss of E-cadherin is not merely a consequence of disease, but contributes to asthma pathogenesis, identifying epithelial integrity as a target for novel therapeutic strategies.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1. The Papacy in the Age of Gregory the Great

The major foci can be identified in Gregory's activities as bishop of Rome: the spiritual leadership of the Church of Italy and the wider Church; and the administration both of the dioceses of Italy and the wider Church. This chapter analyses the earliest sources on Gregory's life the contemporary entry in the Liber Pontificalis (LP) and the earliest Life of Gregory from Whitby to gain a picture of how Gregory's contemporaries evaluated his leadership. It analyses the institutional structures of the papacy in the 6th to 8th centuries, looking for any innovations made by Gregory. The chapter examines what Gregory's letters tell us about his spiritual leadership and administration of the dioceses subject to Rome by using the papal letter collections of Leo I, Gelasius, and Pelagius I. It examines Gregory's relationship to the wider Church and concludes with an assessment of Gregory's style of leadership against existing Byzantine and roman models. Keywords: bishop of Rome; Gregory's activities; Liber Pontificalis (LP) ; papacy; wider Church

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
PS-082 Drug related risk factors and falls in hospitalised older adults measured with an electronic incidence reporting system

<h3>Background</h3> Falls are a major cause of morbidity in older people, and a matter of concern in hospitals and long term care settings. Drugs may contribute to an increase in the risk of falling in these patients. <h3>Purpose</h3> To identify drug related risk factors associated with falls during hospital stay in older adults admitted to a medium stay hospital with an electronic error and adverse event reporting system. <h3>Material and methods</h3> This was a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted to our hospital in November 2015. Demographics and medication data were collected from electronic medical records, and falls were registered with an electronic incidence reporting system. Errors and adverse events related to care were reported by all health professionals of the hospital, and were analysed by the pharmacists. We assessed the incidence of falls in different groups regarding drug related variables: polypharmacy (≥5 chronic medications), hyperpolypharmacy (≥10), anticholinergic burden measured with the anticholinergic risk score (ARS) and STOPP criteria section K (drugs that predictably increase the risk of falls: benzodiazepines and neuroleptics). <h3>Results</h3> 96 patients were included, mean age 82.3 years (SD=7.6); 66 (68.8%) were women. Mean length of hospital stay was 25.9 days (SD=11). 15 falls were reported (15.6% of patients); 5 of 33 patients from the convalescence unit (15.2%), 6/48 from the rehabilitation unit (12.5%) and 4/15 from the psychogeriatry unit (26.7%). Polymedicated patients fell more than non-polymedicated (13/74 (17.6%) vs 2/22 (9.1%) (p=0.508)) and also those with hyperpolypharmacy (7/29 (24.1%) vs 8/67 (11.9%) (p=0.131)). There were more falls in those with higher anticholinergic risk: low risk (ARS=0) 5 falls in 49 patients (10.2%); medium risk (ARS=1–2) 7/39 (17.9%); high risk (ARS ≥3) 3/8 (37.5%) (p=0.105). Patients taking benzodiazepines experienced more falls (11/62 (17.7%) vs 4/34 (11.8%) (p=0.440)) and also those taking neuroleptic drugs (5/23 (21.7%) vs 70/73 (13.7%) (p=0.354)). Statistical significance was not reached. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden and STOPP criteria may be associated with a higher incidence of falls in older people admitted to a medium stay hospital. It is important to address the risk of falling in these patients according to their medications, and electronic incidence reporting tools can allow assessment of the risk and initiate interventions. No conflict of interest

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A prospective study of 93 unicompartmental knee prosthesis emphasises the appearance of radiolucencies under the tibial component

Background and study aims: Here, we report the presence of radiolucent lines in a consecutive group of 93 partial knee replacements (UKA). Materials and methods: The prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2019 with a minimum follow-up of two years. Clinical data and radiographs were recorded. Of the 93 UKA, 65 were cemented. The Oxford Knee Score was recorded before and two years after surgery. In 75 cases, the follow-up was conducted at &gt; 2 years. A lateral knee replacement was performed in 12 cases. In one case, a medial UKA with patellofemoral prosthesis was performed. Results: In eight patients (8.6%), a radiolucent line (RLL) underneath the tibia component was observed. In four of these eight patients, RLLs were non-progressive, without clinical implications. In two cemented UKAs, RLLs were progressive and were revised with total knee arthroplasty. Early severe osteopenia of the tibia (zone 1 to 7) in the frontal view was observed in two cementless medial UKA cases. The demineralisation occurred spontaneously five months after surgery. We diagnosed two early deep infections, one of which was treated locally. Conclusions: RLLs were present in 8.6% of the patients. Even in severe cases of osteopenia, spontaneous recovery of RLLs is possible with cementless UKAs.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
321 RANDOM SURVIVAL FOREST FOR PERSONALISED PROGNOSTICATION AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY

Abstract For patients with esophageal cancer, producing accurate prediction models for long-term survival after esophagectomy has proved challenging. We investigated whether Random Survival Forests (RSF), a machine learning method, could produce an accurate prognostic model for overall survival after esophagectomy. Methods The study used data from the 'National Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Audit' (NOGCA) and included patients diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma between 2012 and 2018 in England and Wales and who underwent a curative esophagectomy with adequate lymphadenectomy (15 lymph nodes) and survived to discharge (n = 6838). Missing data was handled using multiple imputation. 15 variables were selected for inclusion using Random Forest variable importance and used to train the final model. The same variables with non-linearity transformations were used to develop a traditional Cox regression model for comparison. Results Median survival was 50 months. The final RSF model had good discrimination on internal validation with a C-index of 0.7627 (0.7625–0.7629), exceeding the cox model 0.7539 (0.7541–0.7537). At 3 years post-surgery, overall survival was 56.2%. The RSF yielded a mean predicted survival of 59.3% (IQR 33.3–87.1%) with good calibration (Figure 1) compared to 57.4% (38.4%–79.8%) for the cox model. The most influential variables were lymph node involvement and pT/ypT stage, however other variables including neoadjuvant treatment completion and surgical complications were also important. Decision curve analysis was undertaken which also showed an increased net benefit with the RSF model. Conclusion A Random Forest survival model provided better performance in predicting survival after curative esophagectomy. This will allow more personalised predictions to be delivered clinicians and patients. An online web app is provided at https://uoscancer.shinyapps.io/NOGCA/

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electronic regulation of a core–shell NiSe<sub>2</sub> catalyst by Co doping to accelerate hydrogen evolution

A Co-doping core–shell shaped NiSe 2 based catalyst (Ni x Co 1− x Se 2 @NC) exhibits promising electrocatalytic activity for HER with a low overpotential of −143 mV at −10 mA cm −2 , a small Tafel slope of 37.5 mV dec −1 .

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
High Frequency Electrical Breakdown of Gases

Previous theoretical treatments of high frequency electrical breakdown in gases based on the Boltzmann transport equation were applied to specific gases and met with mathematical difficulties when applied to higher pressures. We now present a simpler solution applicable to any gas and to a wide pressure range. Agreement between theory and experiment with hydrogen gives confidence that the energy distribution function is correct and the distribution function is therefore used to compute other quantities of physical interest.

Topic: Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elliptical-P cells in the avian perilymphatic interface of the Tegmentum vasculosum.

Elliptical cells (E-P) are present at the perilymphatic interface lumen (PIL) of the lagena. The E-P cells often separate from the tegmentum vasculosum (TV) and have touching processes that form a monolayer between the K+ rich perilymph and the Na+ rich endolymph, similar to the mammalian Reissner's membrane. We examined the TV of chicks (Gallus domesticus) and quantitated the expression of anti-S100 alphaalphabetabeta and S100 beta. There was a 30% increase of S100 beta saturation in the light cells facing the PIL when compared to other TV light cells. We show that: (1) the dimer anti- S100 alphaalphabetabeta and the monomer anti-S100 beta are expressed preferentially in the light cells and the E-P cells of TV; (2) expression of S100 beta is higher in light cells facing the PIL than in adjacent cells; (3) the expression of the dimer S100 alphaalphabetabeta and monomer S100 beta overlaps in most inner ear cell types, including the cells of the TV, most S100 alphaalphabetabeta positive cells express S 100 beta, but S100 beta positive cells do not always express S100 alphaalphabetabeta; and (4) the S100 beta expression in light cells, the abundant Na+-K+ ATPase on dark cells of the TV, and previously demonstrated co-localization of S100 beta/GABA in sensory cells suggest that S100 beta could have, in the inner ear, a dual neurotrophic-ionic modulating function.

Topic: Connexins and lens biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences