jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Quality Improvement Of Soybean Meal By Bacillus Velezensis And Lactobacillus Plantarum During Two-Stage Solid- State Fermentation

Abstract Bacillus velezensis is widely used for agricultural biocontrol, due to its ability to enhance plant growth while suppressing the growth of microbial pathogens. However, there are few reports on its application in fermented feed. Here, a two-stage solid-state fermentation process using Bacillus velezensis followed by Lactobacillus plantarum was developed to degrade antinutritional factors (ANFs) and improve soybean meal (SBM) nutrition for animal feed. The process was evaluated for performance in degrading SBM antinutritional factors, dynamic changes in physicochemical characteristics, microorganisms and metabolites. After two-stage fermentation, degradation rates of glycinin and β-conglycinin contents reached 78.60% and 72.89%, respectively. The pH of fermented SBM (FSBM) decreased to 4.78±0.04 and lactic acid content reached 183.38±4.86 mmol/kg. NSP-degrading enzymes (Non-starch polysaccharide, NSPases) and protease were detected from the fermented product, which caused the changed microstructure of SBM. Compared to uninoculated SBM, FSBM exhibited increased proportions of crude protein (51.97±0.44% vs. 47.28±0.34%), Ca, total phosphorus (P), and trichloroacetic acid-soluble protein (11.79±0.13% vs. 5.07±0.06%). Additionally, cellulose and hemicellulose proportions declined by 22.10% and 39.15%, respectively. Total amino acid content increased by 5.05%，while the difference of AA content between the 24h, 48 h and 72 h of fermentation was not significant ( P ＞0.05). Furthermore, FSBM also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . These results demonstrated that two-stage SBM fermentation process based on Bacillus velezensis 157 and Lactobacillus plantarum BLCC2-0015 is an effective approach to reduce ANFs content and improve the quality of SBM feed.

Topic: Phytase and its Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Continuous Production of Spherical Multicrystals by Extractive Crystallization in a Droplet Based Fluidic Device

A novel continuous fluidic method based on extractive crystallization for producing monodisperse spherical crystal aggregates with potential use in pharmaceutical engineering is presented. A model system of aqueous solution containing KCl as the precursor dispersed phase and 1-hexanol as the continuous extraction phase was investigated experimentally. Monodisperse droplets of the aqueous phase were generated by a fluidic T-junction in the stable dripping regime. Supersaturation was achieved by extraction of the aqueous phase into the organic phase. The effect of extraction rate on the size, morphology, and internal pore structure of the resulting spherical crystal aggregates was systematically investigated. It was shown that nearly monodisperse particles with a tunable size can be produced by adjusting the initial solute concentration. The dissolution rates of the resulting spherical aggregates were measured and compared with single cubic crystals of identical mass. It was shown that a four- to five-fold improvement in the dissolution rate constant can be obtained due to the internal porosity of the multicrystals, compared to single cubic crystals of identical size.

Topic: Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Do Food Quality and Food Quantity Talk the Same? Lesson From Household Food Security Study in Embo, South Africa

The current study has been able to include food quality in food security studies. Seasonality accounts for variation in food quality. The South African food-based dietary guidelines are relevant to the Embo community.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Micro-autopilot for research and development

The Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation has been developing an autopilot framework for more than a decade in support of research and development for Unmanned Aerial Systems. This paper reviews the specific requirements on avionics for research and development purposes, and compares in house development achievements with commercial and open-source avionics solutions to date.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;An Analysis Of The Fundamental Limitations Of Screen-Film Systems For X-Ray Detection. II. Model Calculations&lt;/title&gt;

A range of model DQE calculations illustrates the detailed influence of the most important screen-film parameters. The screen is characterized by typical values for the primary x-ray absorption, spread function associated with secondary photons, and statistics associated with the gain of the conversion process. An existing film DQE model is used to explore the effect of film parameters on screen-film performance. Examples are given of the conditions under which screen-film DQE becomes independent of both film DQE and screen-film MTF. The influence of all these factors on system performance is discussed.

Topic: Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case of Dual Ectopic Thyroid

Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon embryological aberration characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue in a site other than its unusual pretracheal region. Usually it occurs along the path of descent of the developing thyroid primodium from the foramen cecum, commonest being lingual followed by sublingual and in the anterior midline of the neck at, or below, the level of the hyoid bone. It is unusual for lingual thyroid to present simultaneously with another ectopic thyroid. We reported patient with dual ectopic thyroid tissue in tongue base and hyoid area. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2006;17:277-280)

Topic: Head and Neck Anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Bowen-Conrad syndrome].

An observation of multiple malformation defects (Bowen-Conradi syndrome) is presented. The main morphological manifestations included: marked prenatal hypoplasia, facial dysplasias, microgeny, clinodactylia of little fingers, hypospadia, cryptorchism, changes in the central nervous system. All the patients with this syndrome die within the first year of life. The disease is inherited by the autosome-recessive type.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Transplacental blastomogenic effect of p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid].

Transplacental administration of tyrosine metabolite p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid having blastomogenic activity induced development of malignant and benign neoplasms (leukemias and lymphosarcomas, adenomas and pulmonary carcinoma, hepatomas, papillomas, and cancer of the urinary bladder and other tumours) in progeny of CC57BR and C57BL mouse strains, in 88 and 78% of cases, respectively. The number of neoplasms was significantly higher, than in the control, they appeared earlier and were of more malignant character. The role of endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of leukemias in the newborn and yound children is discussed.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Novel Coaxial Magnetic Gear Using Bulk HTS for Industrial Applications

In this paper, a novel coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) using bulk high temperature superconductors (HTS) is proposed. By substituting bulk HTS for ferromagnetic material, a novel stationary ring is resulted, which can not only provide the desired field modulation effect but also suppress the end-effects that commonly occurred in the traditional CMG. The performance of the proposed bulk HTS CMG is assessed and then verified by using finite element analysis. © 2006 IEEE.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Barley yield and nutrient uptake in rotation after perennial forages in the semiarid prairie region of Saskatchewan

Jefferson, P. G., Selles, F., Zentner, R. P., Lemke, R. and Muri, R. B. 2013. Barley yield and nutrient uptake in rotation after perennial forages in the semiarid prairie region of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 809–816. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most common perennial forage legume grown for hay and pasture in the semiarid Brown soil zone of the Canadian prairies. Perennial forages often are not recommended for inclusion in annual crop rotations due to lower grain yields and drier soils following forage stand termination, but this is based on research results from 50 yr ago. Three replicated experiments consisting of three grasses [slender wheatgrass (Elymus tracycaulus), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia), and Dahurian wildrye (Elymus dahuricus)] grown in monoculture and in mixture with two alfalfa varieties (cv. Beaver or cv. Nitro) were terminated and seeded to barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Harrington’) for 2 consecutive crop years at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Soil water content was lower after the alfalfa–grass mixtures compared with the grass monocultures, even during a wet growing season. Barley yield and N concentration in the grain were significantly greater following Beaver alfalfa/grass mixture compared with grass monoculture in 3 and 4 of 6 site years, respectively. N uptake by the barley crop (grain and straw) was also significantly greater following Beaver alfalfa/grass mixture than following grass monoculture in all 6 yr. Both barley grain yield and N uptake after intermediate wheatgrass (grown in monoculture) were lower than after Dahurian wildrye or slender wheatgrass in 3 of 6 yr. The use of alfalfa and a short-lived grass species in hay and pasture mixtures in the Brown soil zone when grown in rotation with annual crops may indeed result in lower grain yields in the short term than continuous annual cropping systems, but the inclusion of alfalfa will provide a N benefit to the subsequent grain crop thereby enhancing yield and possibly its market value.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Ventricular arrhythmias in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Continuous electrocardiographic study].

Ventricular arrhythmias are thought to be responsible for the high incidence of sudden death among patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOC). 24-h ECG recording was applied to 27 HOC patients before any treatment and repeated under beta-blockade with propranolol in doses not lower than 320 mg/day (mean dose : 354 mg/day). ECG tracings showed that 26/27 patients (96%) had ventricular arrhythmia; the arrhythmia was repetitive in 15 patients (55%), 3 of whom (11%) had bouts of ventricular tachycardia. These figures are very different from those found in normal subjects, i.e. : 40-50% ventricular arrhythmia and less than 5% repetitive arrhythmia. The most severe forms of ventricular arrhythmia (categories IVA and IVB in the Ryan, Lown and Horn classification) were exclusively seen in patients who had one or several syncopes. Statistically, the only positive correlations of arrhythmias were with age and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure on the one hand, and age and left ventricular systolic pressure gradient on the other hand. Propranolol had no effect on arrhythmia, which seems to contradict studies suggesting that high doses of propranolol play a substantial role in the prevention of sudden death among patients with HOC. Beta-blockers might act by preventing the transformation of arrhythmia into ventricular fibrillation.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Russia's soft and sharp power in southeast Europe — the Russian hybrid influence operation in Montenegro

This is a chapter published in a conference publication that was written within the framework of the project “Reality Check Series: Sources, Tools, and Impact of External Non-EU-Engagement in Southeast Europe.” The project was led by the Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (SOG) with the support of the German Federal Foreign Office (Stability Pact for Southeast Europe sponsored by Germany).

Topic: European Politics and Security
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TIME ALLOCATION IN AN EXCHANGE-PRODUCTION PARADIGM

The three uses of one's time — leisure, nonmarket work, and market work — are affected by the availability of others' time for sale in the market. The paper integrates the supply of time and the demand for others' time by means of geometric models of exchange and production. Possible patterns of market work behavior are enriched by the incorporation of proportional and lump-sum transaction costs. The diversity of the results argues against indiscriminate reliance on institutional restrictions in explaining work decisions.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A novel cell-free multi-omics approach for enhancing multi-cancer early detection.

103 Background: While circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assays for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) have shown significant potential, their performance is hindered by the limited amount and inherent variability of ctDNA, particularly in cancer types with low ctDNA shedding. To enhance the accuracy of MCED, recent studies have focused on profiling cell-free RNA (cfRNA), which is secreted not only by tumor cells but also by other cell types to reflect the systemic tumor responses. Herein, we developed a novel cell-free multi-omics approach integrating cfDNA and cfRNA analyses from a single blood draw to improve the sensitivity of an MCED assay, especially for detecting low-shedding ctDNA cancer types. Methods: We recruited 535 healthy subjects and 287 patients across five cancer types (77 breast cancers, 102 colorectal cancers, 35 gastric cancers, 34 liver cancers, and 42 lung cancers). We established a multi-omics workflow to comprehensively profile cfDNA signatures (methylation, fragment length, motif ends, and copy number alterations), and cfRNA signatures (cfmRNA). Distinctive signatures were identified to differentiate cancers from healthy subjects and used for constructing robust machine learning classifiers. Results: We identified multiple significantly different features distinguishing cancer from healthy individuals, with 81% originating from cfDNA. Notably, cfmRNA features, accounting for 19% of total significant features, were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways, reflecting tumor-immune cell interactions. The cfDNA-based model achieved 81.2% accuracy, with highest performance in detecting liver cancer (100%) and 64%, 42%, and 36.4% for breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers, respectively, at 93% specificity. Combining cfDNA and cfRNA signatures increased sensitivity to 73%, 71%, and 46% for breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. Overall, the multi-omic model achieved 85.6% accuracy and 72.7% sensitivity for detecting five cancer types at 92.6% specificity. Conclusions: The cell-free multi-omics approach holds potential for improving ctDNA-based MCED tests by simultaneously profiling both cfDNA and transcriptomic cfmRNA from a single blood draw. Validation on larger cohorts could lead to a paradigm shift in cancer screening practices.

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of the efficacy of selected botanicals and insecticides against sucking pests, viz. Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) and Caliothrips indicus (Bagnall) in mungbean

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various combinations of chemical insecticides and botanical extracts against major sucking pests of mungbean (Vigna radiata), namely whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), jassid (Empoasca kerri) and thrips (Caliothrips indicus). This study is the first to systematically assess the performance of integrated treatments combining Imidacloprid, Fipronil and Emamectin benzoate with traditional botanicals such as Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and Lantana camara leaf extract. Botanical extracts were prepared using standard soaking, grinding and filtration methods. Field applications were done using standardized spraying protocols. Observations were recorded a day before spraying and 3, 7 and 15 days after spraying. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and treatment means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. Results revealed that the combined application of Imidacloprid + Fipronil @ 500 g/ha was the most effective in the treatment of all three pest species. It significantly reduced the whitefly, jassid and thrips populations, achieving a maximum reduction of 71.1 %, 66.9 % and 77.5 % respectively, compared to the control. The combination of Imidacloprid + NSKE (T3) and Imidacloprid + Lantana camara leaf extract (T1) was also notably effective in reducing the number of all types of pests. Other treatments, such as Fipronil + NSKE and Emamectin benzoate combinations, showed moderate control. All treatments were effective as compared to the untreated control, though the rate of efficacy varied across various treatments. Benefit-cost ratio analysis supported the economic feasibility of the combination of Imidacloprid + Fipronil at the rate of 500 g/ha. This study supports the use of botanical extracts in combination with conventional insecticides as a potential strategy for effective pest management in mungbean cultivation. NSKE and Lantana camara have shown promise as eco-friendly alternatives that can replace or reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides and help minimize environmental pollution. These findings contribute to the development of more sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in mungbean cultivation and may benefit broader agroecosystems by reducing pesticide dependence and environmental contamination.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Field and Economic Evaluation of Barley Productivity as Affected by Seed Rates and Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels under Rainfed Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at the north western coast of Egypt under rainfed conditions to study the effects of seed rates (70, 95 and 120 kg ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg N ha-1) of Ensiabeen-40% N as slow-release fertilizer compared with 105 kg N ha-1 as Ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) on productivity of barley cultivar Giza134. This investigation was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 winter growing seasons. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replications. Plant height, spike length, number of grins spike-1, number of spikes per m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded. In addition, total income and net return (LE)/hactare were calculated. The results indicated that mean squares due to seasons, seed rates, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant for most studied traits. Mean performance of the studied traits as affected by seasons, seed rates and nitrogen levels showed that, the most desirable values were obtained by SR1 for spike length (6.13cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.78 grain) and 1000 grain weight (42.15g), from SR2 for Biological yield (6.02 ton ha-1) and grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) and from SR3 for plant height (78.28cm) and number of spikes m-2 (180.11 spike). For nitrogen level effects, N4 recorded the most favorable values for all studied traits; plant height (81.48cm), spike length (6.33cm), number of grains spike-1 (49.99 grain), number of spikes m-2 (187.60 spike), Biological yield (6.88 ton ha-1), grain yield (2.12 ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (42.89g). Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with each of plant height (r= 0.833**), spike length(r=0.621**), number of grains spike-1 (r=0.768**), number of spikes m-2(r=0.880**) and weight of 1000 grains (r= 0.661**). The most contributing variable in the total variation of grain yield were number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1 and spike length. These variables contributed by 92.9% in the grain yield variation. The results also indicated that, the highest values in the total income were 19149 and 24990 pound.hec-1 respectively, and net return were 9492 and 15498 pound.hec-1 obtained from the interaction between seed rate of 5kg ha-1 (SR2) and 105 unit of slow release fertilizer (N4) during the two growing seasons. It could recommend this treatment to maximize the total income for the farmers in such location.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 698341: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Guest Editors’ Note: The Roles of Muslim Scholars in Disseminating The Quintessence of Barakah Through Multi-Disciplinary Knowledge

This special issue reflects the focal discourses of 13 articles presented at the International Conference on Islamic Higher Education 2018 (SeIPTI 2018) which was held in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. All articles convey the equivalent connotation entitled The Roles of Muslim Scholars in Disseminating the Quintessence of Barakah through Multi-Disciplinary Knowledge. The topics presented discussed on multiplicity of angles in knowledge, but shared the same aim in offering benefits for the ummah (community)’s needs.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adjusting to living with Parkinson’s disease; a meta-ethnography of qualitative research

The results highlight the need to empower patients to self-manage their illness, mitigating the effects of Parkinson's disease and supporting future wellbeing.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIndividual identity disruption impacts on the self-value and sense of self coherence in individuals living with Parkinson's disease.Healthcare professionals should appreciate the complexity of the adjustment process which is related to the ability to maintain a coherent sense of self, to feel in control and to hold a positive mindset.Healthcare professionals should ensure information and knowledge related to self-management is tailored to an individual's understanding and experience of the disease.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
DNA polymorphism analysis of a pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary: case report.

A 45-year-old nulligravida woman died from carcinoma peritonitis with choriocarcinoma arising in the ovary. This tumor was resistant to chemotherapy after debulking surgery. DNA polymorphism analysis was useful in proving the choriocarcinoma to be non-gestational carcinoma. In this paper, the clinical course and DNA polymorphism findings are mainly discussed.

Topic: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences