jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thumb Volar Plate Reconstruction Utilizing Extensor Pollicis Brevis Autograft: Evaluation of a New Technique

Background Sagittal plane instability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint is a difficult problem with numerous surgical techniques described. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a technique in which a distally based extensor pollicis brevis tendon autograft is utilized to reconstruct the deficient volar plate. Methods This is a retrospective case series of four patients who were followed a minimum of 2 years after this procedure. Patient demographics, return to work status, and objective outcomes are reported. Results This technique compared favorably to those previously described, in terms of technical ease, functional results, and patient satisfaction. Each patient returned to his previous activity level and was maintained on active duty in his current military occupational specialty. None required a permanent profile to limit the physical demands of his job. Conclusions Preliminary data suggests this technique is anatomically sound, technically less demanding, and requires minimal surgical dissection compared to previously described procedures.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cultivation of festulolium mixed with alfalfa foraging purposes in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Festulolium is a promising but little-studied fodder crop. The authors found that in the year of laying the herbage of Festulolium in mixtures, the height of plants increased by 6–11% compared with singlespecies sowing. However, the number of shoots per plant decreased from 3 to 2, and the root length decreased by 20%. The survival rate of plants was 84.9–97.4% after winter, depending on the year of sowing. Survival decreased to 46–92% for alfalfa in mixtures, and it was as low as 46–84% when sown with mixture seeds. This was affected by a decrease in reserve nutrients - sugars in the roots of plants. The sugar content decreased by 26%, from 5.14% to 3.77%. No positive effect was observed when sowing with alternating 1–3 rows of festulolium and 1 row of alfalfa. The introduction of nitrogen at a dose of 30 kg a.i. (active ingredient)/ha increased the efficiency of skip-row planting and sowing with a mixture of seeds by 21% due to the positive responsiveness of the components to fertiliser. An increase in the nitrogen dose to 60 kg/ha harmed alfalfa, reducing its share in the herbage to 7% by the third year of use. This decrease was due to the displacement of the more nitrogen-responsive festulolium. The efficiency of crops increases with a reduction in the share of the cereal component and an increase in the percentage of legumes with an alternation of rows of 1:3. The yield was 35.7–42.7 t/ha of green mass, which is higher than that of the single-species sowing of festulolium by 19–53%. The increase is due to an increase in the leaf coverage of alfalfa plants up to 46–49% (against 44% in control) due to the optimisation of layering in the herbage. The introduction of nitrogen at a dose of 30 kg/ha contributes to an increase in yield by 14% (0.43–5.0 t/ ha) due to the increased share of the cereal component in the mixture, an increase in the number of shoots on the plant by 11.1% and their mass by 12.5–17.8%. The introduction of N 60 in the joint crops of festulolium and alfalfa is not advisable since it does not give a significant increase in yield and does not pay off the costs incurred.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>Herpesvirus saimiri</i> immortalization of <i>Aotus</i> T lymphocytes specific for an immunogenically modified peptide of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoite surface antigen 2

The Plasmodium merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) is one of several candidates for a protective vaccine against malaria. Previous studies have shown that antibodies directed against the MSA2 variable region are not protective and that constant regions are non‐immunogenic. However, modified peptides derived from constant regions can be rendered immunogenic and partially protective in Aotus monkeys. In this study, we reveal the establishment, using in vitro Herpesvirus samiri (HVS) infection, of an Aotus monkey T‐cell line (AnTMSA2) specific for a modified immunogenic and partially protective peptide derived from a constant and highly conserved region of MSA2 (SKYSNTFINNAYNMSIRRSM). AnTMSA2 is a CD4 T lymphocyte expressing high levels of MHC class II molecules, CD58 and CD2, which are important for proliferation and growth. AnTMSA2 proliferates specifically in response to the modified monomeric MSA2 peptide sequence. It is also capable of specific antigen recognition after glycine‐cysteine‐polymerized sequence processing and presentation by autologous APC. Interestingly, AnTMSA2 presents cross‐reactivity with d ‐peptide analogues in which residues in positions 8 and 9 were changed for N D I D residues. Therefore, at least for this particular sequence, polymerized d ‐peptides could be used for immunizing animals without losing the immunogenic epitope. AnTMSA2 presents a cytokine profile corresponding to a Th0‐like pattern, which suggests that as a result of HVS immortalization AnTMSA2 is in transit from a Th2 to a Th1 pattern. Taken together our results suggest that Th2 T‐cell induction and/or T‐cell cross‐reactivity generation by the modified peptide could be responsible for the immunogenic conversion observed in Aotus monkeys and that d ‐peptide analogues with longer half‐lives could provide an alternative for inducing protective immunity.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Novel hybrid composite discharge electrode for electrostatic precipitator

The newly invented hybrid composite electrode (HCE) performance was evaluated through experimentation with conventional metal electrodes. The HCE performance was comparable to the metal electrodes. The HCE also exhibited uniform corona fields and steady power while maintaining similar and in some cases superior electrical performance as compared with metal electrodes and thus shows a significant potential to substitute metal electrodes in wet ESP systems.

Topic: Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
This Is Yours: The Montana Farmers Union and Its Cooperative Associates

Journal Article This Is Yours: The Montana Farmers Union and Its Cooperative Associates. By Mildred K. Stoltz. (Minneapolis: The Lund Press, 1956. xiv + 501 pp. Illustrations, appendixes, bibliography, and index. $5.00.) Get access Allan G. Bogue Allan G. Bogue State University of Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 43, Issue 3, December 1956, Pages 511–512, https://doi.org/10.2307/1893567 Published: 01 December 1956

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The impact of knowledge management on the development of innovative business process architecture modelling: The case of banking in Jordan

This article proposes to use the resource-based view (RBV) to highlight the importance of intangible assets such as knowledge in the design of business process architecture (BPA). This approach, based on knowledge management (KM), implies the need to take into consideration the dynamic aspect of both the internal and the external environment. The article identifies key knowledge management enablers (KMEs) that can affect the successful design of a competitive BPA. Generic identification of KMEs with their main interactions can be useful to drive the development of a dynamic and competitive BPA. Semantic representation using ontologies is a means to accomplish this identification and to specify the necessary abstract level of the KMEs domain. This research utilizes the newly developed abstract KMEs ontology (aKMEOnt) that formally defines an essential pillar of the KM domain to present a knowledge-based approach for BPA modelling, with the novel KMEOntoBPA framework. Thus, one of the anticipated corollaries of this research is the integration between KM and BPA disciplines. The design science research methodology (DSRM) has been used to guide the research phases, which mainly include the design and development, demonstration and evaluation of the research framework. The financing department of a key international bank in Jordan is the case study that has been applied in this research. The research findings show that using a knowledge-based approach with ontologies can provide a dynamic and continuous generation of the BPA elements of the financing department. Furthermore, a knowledge-based BPA approach has several advantages and supports the sources of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA).

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
DCMU‐INDUCED STIMULATION OF PHOTOSYSTEM I ELECTRON TRANSPORT. INVOLVEMENT OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURAL CHANGES

Abstract DCMU‐induced stimulation of the rate of photosystem I (PS I) electron transport in DCIPH 2 → MV photoreaction occurs through the action of DCMU on the rate‐limiting step which contains the site of electron donation of DCIPH 2 (Ramanujam et al. , 1981). The magnitude of stimulation of the rate by 50 μ M DCMU decreased with increasing concentration of chlorophyll (Chl), implying that DCMU is stoichiometrically related to Chl with respect to the stimulation of the PS I rate. DCMU‐induced stimulation was sensitive to the ionic condition of the thylakoids, the effect being reduced at low cation concentration. Cation‐induced scattering changes in thylakoid suspension were partially reversed by DCMU, and the percent Chl in the 10 K fraction of the thylakoid decreased upon addition of DCMU, indicating that grana structure is disrupted by DCMU. Hydroquinone‐mediated reduction of cytochrome f in thylakoids in the dark was accelerated in the presence of DCMU. The DCMU effect was not observed in isolated PS I particles. It is concluded that DCMU binds to the thylakoid membranes and brings about structural changes leading to unstacking of the thylakoids accompanied by an altered interaction of the electron transfer chain components with the added electron donor. This binding of DCMU must have an affinity lower than the well‐known binding of DCMU to photosystem II (PS II), because the concentration required is markedly higher.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SOME CHRYSOMELIDAE ( COLEOPTERA ) FROM IRAQ

An annotated list based both on personal collections and on literature records, is presented for twenty species and subspecies of Chrysomelinae from Iraq. Eight of which are newly recorded, bringing the total number of species and subspecies for Iraq to 25. Localities and host data are given for most species.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Malaysian Intermodal Terminal System: The Implication on the Malaysian Maritime Cluster

The maritime sector in Malaysia is best known globally due to the Straits of Malacca and being a nation surrounded by sea. Malaysia also has a substantial maritime industry consisting of numerous shipyards, ports and terminal faculties, ship services and a plethora of other companies and institutions with maritime oriented activities and become essential components of the Malaysia's maritime clusters. Issues such as underutilised intermodal terminals, uneven proportions in the freight transport infrastructure and road and seaport congestions prevent Malaysian seaports from achieving their full potential in serving their respective hinterlands. The key factors to improve Malaysian dry port or intermodal terminals are transport network; container planning; competition; location and, externalities. The paper does not only present the critical challenges faced by Malaysian intermodal terminals especially dry ports and the implications for seaport competency but it also provides strategies to utilise the Malaysian freight multimodal system to amplify seaports tm) performance in serving their hinterlands. As such, this may warrant policy makers to devise a comprehensive national master plan for the maritime sector in order for Malaysia to further develop her maritime industry and economies.

Topic: Maritime Ports and Logistics
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spectral profile cues in comodulation masking release

Previous work on spectral shape discrimination has shown that detection of a level increment in one tone of a tonal complex is dependent on spectral position, with thresholds forming a “bowl” pattern for components spanning 200 to 5000 Hz [Green, D. M., (1988). Profile Analysis: Auditory Intensity Discrimination (Oxford University Press, New York)]. The current study examined whether a similar bowl occurs for comodulation masking release, a paradigm in which dynamic spectral cues could be used to detect an added signal. Maskers were logarithmically spaced 15-Hz-wide bands of noise. The signal was a tone or a copy of the on-signal masker band. When the masker was composed of one or more random bands, thresholds were relatively consistent across frequency. When the masker was a set of comodulated bands, thresholds for both signal types formed a bowl, but the minimum threshold occurred at a higher signal frequency for the tonal than for the narrowband noise signal. Results for additional conditions indicate that spectral effects depend on both absolute frequency and relative frequency of the signal within the masker. Data collected with flanking maskers presented contralateral to the signal and on-signal masker indicate that peripheral effects may play a role in threshold elevation at high signal frequencies with narrowband noise signals.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluorouracil and the New Oral Fluorinated Pyrimidines

OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the biotransformation and bioavailability of fluorouracil (5-FU); discuss the effects of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DpD) on the efficacy and toxicity profiles of 5-FU; and review a new class of drugs known collectively as the oral fluorinated pyrimidines, which inhibit or circumvent DpD activity and, when administered with 5-FU, alter its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE literature search was conducted (1966–March 1999), using the search terms fluoropyrimidines, fluorouracil, 5-FU, fluorinated pyrimidines, capecitabine, eniluracil, uraciltegafur, uracilftorafur, UFT, S1, BMS-247616, and BOF-A2. Reference lists, bibliographies of pertinent articles, and abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium annual meetings were also identified and reviewed. Both preclinical and clinical literature were reviewed and analyzed. DATA SYNTHESIS: The new oral fluorinated pyrimidines appear to produce antitumor activity equivalent or superior to that of intravenously administered 5-FU by achieving higher intratumoral 5-FU concentrations or sustained 5-FU exposure. These agents are generally associated with manageable and non-life—threatening toxicities. The oral route of administration facilitates ease of administration and may reduce total healthcare costs associated with 5-FU—sensitive tumors. More studies are needed to assess the therapeutic and economic benefits of the oral fluorinated pyrimidines. CONCLUSIONS: The bioavailability, efficacy, and toxicity of 5-FU depend on its catabolic rate—limiting enzyme, DpD. The new oral fluorinated pyrimidines inhibit or circumvent DpD activity and, when combined with 5-FU, increase 5-FU's bioavailability and cytotoxic effects and decrease its toxicities. Results of Phase I and II studies in patients with a variety of malignancies suggest positive outcomes, including greater efficacy, less drug-related toxicity, lower costs related to drug administration, and greater patient convenience.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Zealand Railways: Ohakune Horopito Deviation - Bridging

Bridging featured prominently in the economic and engineering consideration of the new deviation. The paper covers both the original steel viaducts and the new concrete structures which replaced them. The original viaducts were close to the end of their effective service lives and concern over safety and the mounting cost of maintenance influenced the decision to replace them. The structural defects which developed over the final years of service are described. The new bridges had to be economic, serviceable and have pleasing aesthetic form. The initial type selection process to achieve the best structural solution is discussed and the design features of the chosen type are also dealt with. The special procedures incorporated into the contractual arrangements to ensure construction, safety and the actual construction techniques are discussed in the paper.

Topic: Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Restorative justice and nodal governance

To date, a key emphasis within the restorative justice movement has been on the ways in which its values can guide the system of “criminal justice”. In this paper we argue that this focus has limited our ability to recognize various ways in which such values are being promoted within forms of governance originating outside of state justice systems. Through an examination of one localized governance model in South Africa, we seek to demonstrate that restorative values are being promoted through distinct goals and mechanisms developed to suit micropolitical, cultural, and economic realities. We suggest that the need to discover, explain, and assess such mechanisms is important to the advancement of the security governance literature, especially in a manner that is both intellectually and practically relevant to societies with deficits in state governance. Our empirical focus is on Peace Committees in South African communities that are operating, to use Braithwaite's terms, as forms of “responsive nodal governance”. Our depiction of these Committees raises both explanatory and normative questions that warrant further empirical study.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Marx's Aufhebung of Philosophy and the Foundations of a Materialist Science of History

The relation between theory and historical analysis is perhaps most often acknowledged, yet least precisely defined, element of Marx's project. Marx and Engels both wrote several letters insisting on tentative nature of their theoretical works and on need for continued study of history. Since, however, they never systematically and unambiguously defined exact purpose and place of historical studies in their larger project, debate over this relation seems to have been renewed every generation. The most recent round of this debate began with publication of Louis Althusser's works in mid-1960s. Althusser's Marxism focuses on synchronic structures and dialectical materialist philosophy and includes an attack on history and its study. This attack quickly led to several responses in defense of diachronic as a necessary element of Marx's historical-materialist project. In his Geschichte und Struktur Alfred Schmidt replied to Althusser by explaining historical content of Marx's structuralist categories. In performing this important task Schmidt concentrated on theoretical dimension, and although he alluded to relation between this and Marx's historical writings, he did not explain place and role of historical studies beyond its contribution to construction of categories. Insofar as he focused on this issue, E. P. Thompson's polemic against Althusser, The Poverty of Theory, complements Schmidt's analysis. Although Thompson convincingly shows need for continued historical study as means of making Marx's theory concrete, he does not derive this need from a systematic analysis of Marx's writings. He maintains, on contrary, that the time has gone by for this kind of textual exegesis.' In view of recent treatment of Marx's theory by poststructuralists or postmodernists, however, time for such a textual exegesis may have come again. The inadequate understanding of intentionally tentative character of Marx's theoretical works, of accompanying epistemological demand for historical analysis, of dialectical tension between theory and empirical analysis, and, therefore, of Marx's open-ended definition of historical knowledge

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Patterns of Political Party Activity among U.S. Cities

Urban political parties have enormous potential for affecting local politics, as was demonstrated in the era of the party machine. But we have little systematic knowledge of where and under what circumstances parties remain as viable forces in our cities. Using a measure of local party activity obtained from a survey of elected municipal officials in 186 American cities, this study attempts to identify the conditions that accompany active urban parties. The prevailing level of party activity is found in part to be a function of community education level, region, and city size, but the overriding influence is found to be the presence of legally nonpartisan elections. Further, a connection is found between the level of party activity in a city and voter turnout in city elections.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chain theories and their derived homology

In this note we shall prove that the generalized homology theory known as oriented bordism [l] cannot be derived from an underlying chain theory.This will follow from our main theorem which characterizes those generalized homologies which arise from chain theories.Consider a covariant functor L from the category of finite CW-pairs to the category of chain complexes.For each finite CW-pair (X, A) we thus have the chain complex L(X, A): ■ ■ ■ *-Ln_x(X, A)*-Ln(X, A)*and for each map/: (X, A)->(F, B) we have a chain map L(f): L(X,A) ->L( F, B) of degree 0. We denote L(J) by ft; also L(X, 0) is denoted by L(X).We call L a chain theory if(1) for each finite CW-pair (X, A) the sequences

Topic: Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences