jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Meat Irradiation: A Comprehensive Review of Its Impact on Food Quality and Safety

Food irradiation is a proven method commonly used for enhancing the safety and quality of meat. This technology effectively reduces the growth of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. It also increases the lifespan and quality of products by delaying spoilage and reducing the growth of microorganisms. Irradiation does not affect the sensory characteristics of meats, including color, taste, and texture, as long as the appropriate dose is used. However, its influence on the chemical and nutritional aspects of meat is complex as it can alter amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins as well as generate free radicals that cause lipid oxidation. Various factors, including irradiation dose, meat type, and storage conditions, influence the impact of these changes. Irradiation can also affect the physical properties of meat, such as tenderness, texture, and water-holding capacity, which is dose-dependent. While low irradiation doses potentially improve tenderness and texture, high doses negatively affect these properties by causing protein denaturation. This research also explores the regulatory and public perception aspects of food irradiation. Although irradiation is authorized and controlled in many countries, its application is controversial and raises concerns among consumers. Food irradiation is reliable for improving meat quality and safety but its implication on the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of products must be considered when determining the appropriate dosage and usage. Therefore, more research is needed to better comprehend the long-term implications of irradiation on meat and address consumer concerns.

Topic: Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Diversity in Biology: definitions, quantification, and models

Diversity indices are useful single-number metrics for characterizing a complex distribution of a set of attributes across a population of interest. The utility of these different metrics or sets of metrics depends on the context and application, and whether a predictive mechanistic model exists. In this topical review, we first summarize the relevant mathematical principles underlying heterogeneity in a large population, before outlining the various definitions of 'diversity' and providing examples of scientific topics in which its quantification plays an important role. We then review how diversity has been a ubiquitous concept across multiple fields, including ecology, immunology, cellular barcoding experiments, and socioeconomic studies. Since many of these applications involve sampling of populations, we also review how diversity in small samples is related to the diversity in the entire population. Features that arise in each of these applications are highlighted.

Topic: Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series: Workshop 2a (Sterilization)

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council provided a series of recommendations to NASA on planetary protection requirements for future Mars sample return missions. One of the Board's key findings suggested, although current evidence of the martian surface suggests that life as we know it would not tolerate the planet's harsh environment, there remain 'plausible scenarios for extant microbial life on Mars.' Based on this conclusion, all samples returned from Mars should be considered potentially hazardous until it has been demonstrated that they are not. In response to the National Research Council's findings and recommendations, NASA has undertaken a series of workshops to address issues regarding NASA's proposed sample return missions. Work was previously undertaken at the Mars Sample Handling and Protocol Workshop 1 (March 2000) to formulate recommendations on effective methods for life detection and/or biohazard testing on returned samples. The NASA Planetary Protection Officer convened the Mars Sample Sterilization Workshop, the third in the Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series, on November 28-30, 2000 at the Holiday Inn Rosslyn Westpark, Arlington, Virginia. Because of the short timeframe between this Workshop and the second Workshop in the Series, which was convened in October 2000 in Bethesda, Maryland, they were developed in parallel, so the Sterilization Workshop and its report have therefore been designated as '2a'). The focus of Workshop 2a was to make recommendations for effective sterilization procedures for all phases of Mars sample return missions, and to answer the question of whether we can sterilize samples in such a way that the geological characteristics of the samples are not significantly altered.

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; Mutations in Patients with Advanced Cancers Treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis Inhibitors

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Preclinical data suggest that &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations predict response to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors. Concomitant &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; mutations may mediate resistance. Therefore, tumors from patients referred to the phase I program for targeted therapy starting in October 2008 were analyzed for &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations using PCR-based DNA sequencing of exons 9 and 20. Consecutive patients with diverse tumor types and &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutation were treated whenever possible with agents targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations were detected in 25 of 217 patients (11.5%; exon 9, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11; exon 20, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14). In tumor types with more than 10 patients tested, &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations were most frequent in endometrial (3 of 14, 21%), ovarian (5 of 30, 17%), colorectal (9 of 54, 17%), breast (2 of 14, 14%), cervical (2 of 15, 13%), and squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (1 of 11, 9%). Of the 25 patients with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations, 17 (68%) were treated on a protocol that included a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor, and 6 (35%) achieved a partial response. In contrast, only 15 of 241 patients (6%) without documented &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations treated on the same protocols responded (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). Of the 17 patients with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations, 6 (35%) had simultaneous &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; mutations (colorectal, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4; ovarian, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2). Colorectal cancer patients with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations did not respond to therapy, whereas both ovarian cancer patients with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; mutations did. In conclusion, &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations were detected in 11.5% of patients with diverse solid tumors. The response rate was significantly higher for patients with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors than for those without documented mutations. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(3); 558–65. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mutations in the NPxxY motif stabilize pharmacologically distinct conformational states of the α <sub>1B</sub> - and β <sub>2</sub> -adrenoceptors

Inactive conformations of α 1B -AR and β 2 -AR are structurally similar but exhibit distinct pharmacological properties.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spectroscopic Observation and Modeling of Photonic Modes in CeO2 Nanostructures

Abstract Photonic modes in dielectric nanostructures, e.g., wide gap semiconductor like CeO2 (ceria), have the potential for various applications such as information transmission and sensing technology. To fully understand the properties of such phenomenon at the nanoscale, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope was employed to detect and explore photonic modes in well-defined ceria nanocubes. To facilitate the interpretation of the observations, EELS simulations were performed with finite-element methods. The simulations allow the electric and magnetic field distributions associated with different modes to be determined. A simple analytical eigenfunction model was also used to estimate the energy of the photonic modes. In addition, by comparing various spectra taken at different location relative to the cube, the effect of the surrounding environment on the modes could be sensed. This work gives a high-resolution description of the photonic modes' properties in nanostructures, while demonstrating the advantage of EELS in characterizing optical phenomena locally.

Topic: Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Use of Breathing Rhythm to Enhance the Vividness of Mental Imagery

The study assessed Jencks' claim that responses to certain suggestions are enhanced by being paced with different phases of the breathing cycle. Following hypnotic induction, twenty-four subjects were given four treatments in counterbalanced order: 1) exhalation-enhanced suggestions paced to exhalation, 2) inhalation-enhanced suggestions paced to inhalation, 3) inhalation-enhanced suggestions counterpaced to exhalation, and 4) exhalation-enhanced suggestions counterpaced to inhalation. Subjects' reports of imagery vividness provided marginal support ( p &lt; .06) for Jencks' hypothesis. Post-experimental inquiry indicated subjects were unaware of the breathing contingency. Results suggest that appropriate pacing may make a greater difference for the energy-confidence group of suggestions (inhalation-paced) than for the calm-relaxation group (exhalation-paced).

Topic: Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Conical Algorithm for Globally Minimizing a Concave Function Over a Closed Convex Set

In this paper we are concerned with the problem of finding the global minimum of a concave function over a closed, convex, possibly unbounded set in R n . The intrinsic difficulty of this problem is due to the fact that a local minimum of the objective function may fail to be a global one—which makes the conventional methods of local optimization almost useless.

Topic: Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylmethylphosphonium Dichromate: An Effective and Chemoselective Reagent for Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to the Corresponding Aldehydes and Ketones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Merger motives and merger prescriptions

Abstract The article surveys theories of merger motives and relates them to prescriptions for merger strategies. The theories of merger motives can be classified into seven groups. Those theories arguing with private information, managerial empire‐building or process influences are better supported by evidence than those tracing mergers back to efficiency gains or monopoly power. The explanations of mergers in terms of raider activity or macroeconomic disturbances carry the least plausibility. Strategy authors have discussed mergers with respect to the choice of acquisition mode, entry mode, and integration mode. The prescriptions on all three topics are dominated by the efficiency theory of mergers. For this reason they are dangerous guides for participants in merger processes. On the other hand they provide an efficient language for communicating one's position. The research in merger motives should be redirected from the efficiency theory to explanations that build on decision processes, conflicting goals, and ambiguous private information.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Program evaluation and chronic diseases: methods, approaches, and implications for public health.

As the burden of chronic diseases in the United States continues to increase, greater efforts are being made to identify and implement interventions that successfully reduce disease risk, improve access to high-quality health care, and create sustainable health-promotion programs that ultimately improve health status and quality of life (1). Identifying effective primary and secondary prevention strategies through tailored program evaluation efforts has become an essential public health function in clinical and public health settings (2). Articles in this issue of Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) address various aspects of program evaluation, such as planning, methods, approaches, stakeholder involvement, and the use of program evaluation findings to guide the direction of future programs.

The articles presented in this issue have three primary goals: 1) to provide the reader with practical examples of program evaluation that can be immediately applied in other settings; 2) to carefully discuss the way program missions and objectives, stakeholder interests, evaluation theory, and evaluation methods are considered when conducting, analyzing, and reporting the status of program outcomes; and 3) to candidly explore the use of evaluation frameworks, logic models, and organizational strategic planning to increase capacity for routinely monitoring program outcomes at the national, state, and community levels.

Topic: Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Passive Panel Flutter Control using Micro-Ramp

Previously, we have investigated the effect of shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SBLI) on a flexible panel flutter characteristics. The results indicate that a sufficiently strong laminar SBLI causes flow separation near the point of impingement, causing onset of chaotic but self-sustained flutter in the panel. Whereas, for weak turbulent SBLI the flow separation does not occur and the panel exhibits a single frequency limit cycle oscillations. In this work, we investigate panel flutter suppression using micro-ramp installed upstream of the impingement location as a passive flutter suppression device for pressure ratio of 1.4 and 1.8 in laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The results indicate that for turbulent SBLI, where flow separation does not occur, the panel flutter amplitude is suppressed by a factor of 1.37 to 1.72 at the expense of a minute increase in the frequency. On the other hand, for laminar SBLI, a complex interaction occurs due to the micro-ramp, which in the best case produced up to a factor of 5.55 reduction in the flutter frequency and a factor of 4.73 increase in the flutter amplitude.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epidemic Hepatitis With and Without Jaundice: Some Clinical Studies on Two Hundred and Fifty-Five Patients Among Troops in a Combat Zone

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Outside belonging : multi-sexual relationships as border existence

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis article draws from an ongoing Australian research project with over 60 culturally and sexually diverse women in monogamous, open, and polyamorous relationships with bisexual-identifying and/or bisexualbehaving men. Positioned within a queer feminist deconstructive theoretical framework, this research provides insights into the border existences of these women and their partners, and their negotiations of &amp;ldquo;new rules&amp;rdquo; and boundaries in order to construct healthy relationships. What are the various ways that HIV/AIDS impacts women in relationships with bisexual men? How do they deal with issues such as social, community, workplace and familial ostracism? Probyn's term, &amp;ldquo;outside belonging&amp;rdquo; (1996: 9) is applicable to the border existences of thesewomen and their bisexual male partners. Their multi-sexual relationships are both &amp;ldquo;outside&amp;rdquo; gendernormative and heteronormative constructs of marital and defacto relationships and yet &amp;ldquo;belonging,&amp;rdquo; for the partnersmay &amp;ldquo;pass&amp;rdquo; as a &amp;ldquo;normal&amp;rdquo; couple. They are also &amp;ldquo;outside&amp;rdquo; the dominant constructs of Australian gay identity and community while simultaneously &amp;ldquo;belonging&amp;rdquo; due to their partners', and sometimes their own, same-sex attractions and relationships. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t

Topic: Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;b&gt;CHANGES IN RECEPTOR BINDING, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND IMMUNOREACTIVITY OF INSULIN CAUSED BY REPLACING THE RESIDUES B23-B26 VVITH &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;ALANINE &lt;/b&gt;

Human [AlaB23]-, [AlaB24]-, [AｌaB25]- and [AlaB26]-insulins were semisynthesized from porcine insulins by enzyme-assisted coupling method. Receptor binding ability of [AlaB23]-,[AlaB24]-, [AlaB25]-, and [AlaB26]-insulins was 3, 5, 10, and 100% of that of normal human insulin. Biological activity assessed by glucose uptake and glucose oxidation in isolated rat adipocytes was also impaired in a similar fashion. Immunoreactivity of [AlaB25]- and [AlaB26]-insulins was not affected, whereas [AlaB23]-and [AlaB24]-insulins bind very weakly to anti-porcine insulin antibodies. These results suggest that alanine at 23, and phenylalanine at 24 and 25 in the B-chain are crucial for receptor binding, whereas tyrosine at 26 does not play any important role in receptor binding and antibody recognition.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A study on parental awareness about feeding practices in children between the age group of 12 to 24 months

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition plays an integral part in growth and development of a child. Age-appropriate feeding is known to improve the child’s well-being and reduce the risk of specific diseases. The present study aimed to assess the awareness of parents regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. METHODOLOGY: This health-based prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital enrolling 95 parents with children in the age group 1-2 years. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Microsoft excel. RESULTS: In the present study, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 73.68 %. Eighty-six (90.53 %) parents initiated complementary feeds at 6 months. However, only 45.26 % of children were consuming adequate quantity of complementary foods. The association of child’s calorie consumption with maternal age and occupation was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Adequate nutrition during childhood and infancy is a key factor influencing growth and development. Globally, poor nutrition has always been one of the salient causes of under 5 mortalities. Appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are essential to reduce the incidence of malnutrition worldwide.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Fast 3-D Approach for Electroporation Treatment Planning: Optimal Electrodes Configuration

Purpose of this work is to develop a tool for electrochemotherapy treatment planning, which automatically estimates the optimal electrode configuration on the basis of the&#13;\ncalculation of the induced electric field in a 3D tissue volume,&#13;\nincluding the tumor lesion, obtained from patient’s MRI. The tool&#13;\nconciliates accuracy in the estimate of the tumor coverage with&#13;\nspeed of calculation. The optimal electrodes configuration, that&#13;\nguarantees the tumor electroporation with the minimum number&#13;\nof electrodes, is obtained by adapting algorithms for the creation&#13;\nof unstructured simplex meshes. To go fast, the elementary electric&#13;\nfield distributions are pre-calculated and stored in a database and&#13;\nthe optimization procedure is split in two consequential steps:&#13;\ntransversal and longitudinal optimizations. The whole code is implemented in C++ environment. The tool, tested in a set of real&#13;\ncases, showed the complete electroporation of the lesions, while&#13;\npreserving noble structures from the electrodes crossing. Calculation times were compatible with real-time requirements. The&#13;\nproposed tool represents a valid support for the electroporation&#13;\ntreatment planning. With respect to the literature, it automatically&#13;\nestimates the best electrode configuration in a realistic 3D domain,&#13;\nwhile maintaining reduced calculation times. This is crucial for&#13;\nimproving effectiveness and reliability of electroporation-based&#13;\ntreatments.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IRDO: Iris Recognition by Fusion of DTCWT and OLBP

Iris Biometric is a physiological trait of human beings. In this paper, we propose Iris an Recognition using Fusion of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Over Lapping Local Binary Pattern (OLBP) Features. An eye is preprocessed to extract the iris part and obtain the Region of Interest (ROI) area from an iris. The complex wavelet features are extracted for region from the Iris DTCWT. OLBP is further applied on ROI to generate features of magnitude coefficients. The resultant features are generated by fusing DTCWT and OLBP using arithmetic addition. The Euclidean Distance (ED) is used to compare test iris with database iris features to identify a person. It is observed that the values of Total Success Rate (TSR) and Equal Error Rate (EER) are better in the case of proposed IRDO compared to the state-of-the art techniques

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences