jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-term safety of tobramycin inhalation powder in patients with cystic fibrosis: phase IV (ETOILES) study

<b>Objective:</b> Long-term treatment with inhaled antibiotics is recommended for chronic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>Pa</i>) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The ETOILES study (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01519661) evaluated the safety of tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP) for 1 year. <b>Research design and methods:</b> This single-arm, open-label, multicenter, phase IV trial, enrolled CF patients aged ≥6 years, with baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> ≥25%–≤75% predicted and <i>Pa</i> infection, and assessed the safety of TIP over six cycles in terms of the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs). Secondary endpoints included presence of airway reactivity, relative change in FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted, and change in sputum <i>Pa</i> density (log<sub>10</sub> colony forming units/g sputum). <b>Results:</b> A total of 157 patients were enrolled, and 96 patients (61.1%) completed the study. The most commonly reported AE was infective pulmonary exacerbation of CF (55.4%). Cough was reported as an AE in 23.6% of patients; a majority were mild or moderate and two were severe (1.3%). SAEs were reported by 31.2% of patients. No deaths were reported during the study. There were no clinically meaningful changes reported in airway reactivity. Most frequently reported post-inhalation event was cough at all time points; however, it was of short duration (&lt;4 minutes) and decreased over the course of the study, possibly due to patients becoming more experienced with the administration of TIP. The post-inhalation events resolved without intervention in most cases. FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted remained stable from Cycles 1 to 4 and tended to decrease thereafter, although it was not statistically significant (change from baseline to study end mean [SD] = −1.9% [14.55]; <i>P</i> = 0.199). <b>Conclusions:</b> This was one of the largest studies with long-term TIP exposure. The majority of patients enrolled were adults with more advanced CF lung disease than those in previous TIP studies. No new emerging safety signals were seen and efficacy was sustained during the year.

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Morphological differences between Chironomus interinctus Skuse and C.paratinctus, sp.nov., with descriptions and a key to the subgenus Kiefferulus (Diptera: Nematocera).

Previous cytological studies of material identified as C. intertinctus (Skuse) had shown that two species were present. Subsequently it has been found that the larvae of the two species may be recognized by the shape of the anal gills and the adults by the anterior leg ratios of femur to tibia and basitarsus to tibia. The females may also be 'recognized by the colouring of the thoracic stripes. C. intertinctus is redescribed and the second species is described as C. paratinctus, sp. nov. The key to the Australian species of the subgenus Kiefferulus is also corrected and the new species included.

Topic: Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Social Support Substitution and the Earnings Rebound: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity in Disability Insurance Reform

We exploit a cohort discontinuity in the stringency of Dutch disability reforms to estimate the effects of decreased DI (disability insurance) generosity on behavior of existing recipients. We find evidence of social support substitution: individuals on average offset €1.00 of lost DI benefits by collecting €0.30 more from other social assistance programs, but this benefit-substitution effect declines over time. Individuals also exhibit a rebound in earnings: earnings increase by € 0.62 on average per euro of lost DI benefits and this effect remains roughly constant over time. This is strong evidence of substantial remaining earnings capacity among long-term claimants of DI. (JEL I38, J14, J22, J28, J31)

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Narrative Representation of Causes

Narrative is just one form of representation, distinguished in some way from representations of other kinds-essays, treatises, arguments, insults, portraits, lyric poems, for example.' One attempt to say what is distinctive about narratives appeals to the kinds of representational contents they have: they are distinctive in focusing on particulars, in the particularity of their causal and temporal relations. The unity of a narrative, some degree of which is required if we are to have a narrative at all, is partly a matter of causal unity. With a highly unified narrative we find causal relations between

Topic: Narrative Theory and Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A preterm girl with big problems – case reportwith applied nursing procedures

Children born prematurely are more prone to severe systemic dysfunctions due to their immaturity. Complications of prematurity include respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular bleeding, and retinopathy, among others. These conditions entail many med-ical and developmental problems, which pose a major challenge for the therapeutic team. Preterm infants require special and skilled nursing care, which is no less important than medical care. This includes monitoring vital functions, toileting the respiratory tract, or forming a bond between parents and child. The survival, as well as the further development of the child largely depends on the decisions made by the medical staff. Cooperation between doctors, nurses, and parents in the intensive care unit is important to optimise the therapeutic process. In this article, we present the case of a neonate born in the 25 th week of gestational age (foetal gestation), a patient in the Intensive Care Unit with complications of extreme prematurity.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Materials and Methods from An HK2 Antisense Oligonucleotide Induces Synthetic Lethality in HK1&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;HK2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Multiple Myeloma

&lt;p&gt;This file contains supplemental materials and methods used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A BIRTH AND DEATH URN FOR RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS: ASYMPTOTIC METHODS

SUMMARY. Consider the situation in which subjects arrive sequentially in a clinical trial. There are K possibly unrelated treatments. Suppose balls in an urn are labeled with treatments. When a subject arrives, a ball is drawn randomly from the urn, the subject receives the treatment indicated on the ball and the ball is returned to the urn. If the treatment is successful, one ball of the same type is added to the urn. Otherwise, one ball of the same type is taken out from the urn. Under certain assumptions, the urn process can be embedded in a continuous time birth and death process, and associated distributional results can thereby be obtained. Since certain treatments can die out, we introduce a Poisson immigration process to replenish the urn. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of the success probabilities, prove their consistency and obtain their limiting distributions using martingale theory. We then derive inference procedures for the comparison of the K treatments.

Topic: Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resonance Electromagnetic Absorption by Nonspherical Dielectric Objects

The extended boundary condition method (EBCM) is used to develop a theoretical solution for the internal fields of isotropic and homogeneous nonspherical dielectric objects. The formulation is particularly effective for resonance-sized bodies. The computational capabilities of the technique are demonstrated by presenting numerical calculations of absorption efficiency versus electrical size (ka) and internal-field distributions at resonance for a number of Iossy axisymmetric objects including spheres, spheroids, and a finite cylinder. The numerical limitations are discussed and a method is given which allows extension of the numerical technique to a larger class of problems.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis

Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Frequency selection for compounding synthetic aperture ultrasound images

In ultrasound imaging range resolution is proportional to the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse; however, noise also increases with frequency and forces a compromise in imaging accuracy. By compounding multiple synthetic aperture ultrasound images from different frequencies, both the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved, unlike when averaging multiple scans at a single frequency, which would only increase SNR. This paper describes a technique for frequency compounding of synthetic aperture ultrasound images and a practical test setup is introduced for frequency selection for imaging systems consisting of a single piezoelectric transducer and a variable-frequency pulser. An example is provided in which point-scatterers in water are scanned along a linear path at frequencies of 16 to 21 MHz. The resulting multi-frequency imaging increases peak SNR by 13% more than single-frequency averaging with the same number of scans and reduces the range-domain support of the point-spread function by 30%.

Topic: Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Foundations of the Non-linear Mechanics of Continua. L. I. Sedov. Translation edited by J. E. Adkins and A. J. M. Spencer. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1966. 252 pp. 80s.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Elasticity and Material Modeling
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Making a case for educational development in times of drift and shift

Ten strategies are offered as collectively making a case for an educational conception of professional development in higher education. These strategies, it is argued, should help the system to resist the various forms of academic drift that are discernible, and especially those described as “research drift” and “teaching drift”, which could, unless stemmed, lead to a fragmentation of higher education. Educational development is also promoted as a set of conditions and as a series of strategies which could help higher education institutions counter the deleterious effects of “managerial shift” which is characterised as a more or less deliberate attempt to move universities away from the values of collegiality towards those of a contrasting ideology which strongly features bureaucracy and efficiency. By adopting an educational approach to professional development, higher education institutions would be helping to establish themselves more effectively as learning organisations and would be contributing to the Dearing aim of creating a learning society.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of the eﬀects of high-ﬁdelity simulation on nursing students’perceptions of their preparedness for disasters

ntroduction:As disasters may occur any time, health care staffand institutions should be prepared to managethese events. The aim of study is to analyze the effects of high-fidelity simulation on the perceptions of seniornursing students regarding their preparedness for disasters.Methods:This study used a pretest-posttest design and was conducted as a quasi-experimental investigation.Results:Slightly less than the half of the students (42.5%) expressed that they were prepared to face a disaster.There was a statistically significant difference in their scores on the Scale of Perception of Disaster Preparednessamong Nurses between the pre-intervention and postdisaster stage (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion:Supporting simulation activities with drills positively affected nurses’perceptions of disasters

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Three Cases of Post-Cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis Due to Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) radiobacter

ABSTRACT We present three unrelated post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis cases caused by Rhizobium radiobacter , hospitalized in three different hospitals. Early diagnosis was obtained in two cases by bacterial DNA detection in vitreous samples. All patients recovered from infection, but pars plana vitrectomy was needed in two patients due to rapid clinical deterioration.

Topic: Infections and bacterial resistance
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Probing Nuclear Matter with Gravitational Waves

Neutron stars are some of the most compact objects found in the Universe reaching densities inaccessible to Earth-based experiments. They can contain as much as two times the mass of the Sun in a region comparable to a small city. The extreme densities reached by neutron stars allow us to probe the elusive neutron-star equation of state: the equation that determines the behavior of matter at supranuclear densities . In this thesis, we present new methods to constrain the neutron-star equation of state using gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star mergers.

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antifungal Activity Evaluation of the Constituents of Haliclona baeri and Haliclona cymaeformis, Collected from the Gulf of Thailand

A new compound maleimide-5-oxime was isolated, together with 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, tetillapyrone, from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine sponge Haliclona baeri while tetillapyrone, nortetillapyrone, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and phenylacetic acid were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Haliclona cymaeformis, collected from the Gulf of Thailand. The structures of tetillapyrone and nortetillapyrone were re-examined using HMBC correlations. Maleimide-5-oxime, tetillapyrone and nortetillapyrone were found to be inactive against three human tumor cell lines (the estrogen-dependent ER(+) MCF-7, the estrogen-independent ER(-) MDA-MB-231 and NCI-H460. Maleimide-5-oxime, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, phenylacetic acid, tetillapyrone and nortetillapyrone were evaluated for their growth inhibitory effect against seven yeasts and eight filamentous fungi. Only nortetillapyrone showed antifungal activity, with a preponderance on the dermatophytic filamentous fungi.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diabetic neuroarthropathy with spontaneous peritalar fracture-dislocation. A report of two cases.

1. Two cases of diabetic subtalar neuropathy with spontaneous fracture-dislocation have been described.

2. Successful triple arthrodesis in a diabetic neuroarthropathic foot, with occupational rehabilitation of a practical nurse during a forty-month follow-up, is reported.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pathogenesis of rupture of extensor tendons at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis

The clinical manifestations and the anatomic changes associated with rupture of the digital extensor tendons of the hands in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is reported. Evidence is presented which attributes this disabling lesion to destruction of the radio-ulnar articular disc. Es reportate le manifestationes clinic e le alterationes anatomic associate con ruptura del tendines extensori digital del manos de patientes con arthritis rheumatoide. Es presentate datos que supporta le attribution de ille lesion invalidante al destruction del disco articular radio-ulnar.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The future of Aid for Trade: challenges and options

Abstract The Aid for Trade Initiative needs to be revamped. This article describes the challenges the Initiative faces and describes the pros and cons of possible reforms. The Aid for Trade Initiative succeeded in mobilizing quickly a large amount of financial resources. However, because the Doha Round talks stalled, the aid mobilized could not support the implementation of a multilateral agreement. Instead, it was spent on various projects, some of them not clearly related to trade. This affected developing countries confidence in the Initiative. To make matters worse, in the midst of a fiscal crisis that threatens development budgets, the Initiative had difficulties showing convincing results. In order to preserve resource mobilization, the WTO is expanding the scope of the Initiative to new areas only remotely related to trade and the trade and development nexus. This is unlikely to build confidence. The WTO should rather narrow the scope of the Initiative in order to make it more focused and efficient.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recombinant trail: a synergistic effect in myeloid leukemias

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L) is a member of the TNF superfamily that trigger and activate 2 death receptors, DR4 and DR5, and 2 decoy receptors, DcR1 and DcR2. Several studies demonstrated that TRAIL in monotherapy can induces cancer cell death cells, but few have been done in leukemias in combination with conventional drugs. The aim of this work is to analyse the potential synergist effect of a recombinant TRAIL (rhTRAIL) in myeloid leukemias.

For this, 2 myeloid leukemia cell lines, HL-60 (promyelocitic leukemia) and K-562 (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) were treated with different concentrations of rhTRAIL as single agent and in combination with ATRA (all-transretinoic acid) and imatinib, respectively. The viability was measure using the trypan blue test and cell death by flow cytometry (FC) and Optical Microscopy. TRAIL and TRAIL-Rs were evaluated by FC.

Our results show that rhTRAIL induced a decrease in cell viability inducing cell death, in a time, dose and cell type dependent manner. We observe an IC50 in HL-60 treated for 48h of 250 ng/mL, although in K562 cells, rhTRAIL wasn’t able to induce a significant effect. However, when we previously treated the cells with ATRA or IMATINIB a synergistic effect is observed, mainly in HL60 cells. These results may be correlated with the differential TRAIL receptors expression, namely the presence of the anti-apoptotic TRAIL receptors, in K562 cells. On the other hand, the higher percentage of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptors may be related with the therapeutic efficacy of rhTRAIL in HL-60 cells. Our study suggests that rhTRAIL can be use as a new therapeutic aproach in APL, as single agent. However, it can potentiate the cytotoxic effect of conventional drugs.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Industrial network anomaly behavior detection via exponential smoothing model

There are a lot of network monitors which are capable of performing network packets deep inspection (DPI) as a set of information security check. These steps include intrusion detection system check, exfiltration, detection and parental filtering. However, it is not allowed to use such a slow mechanism as DPI in industrial networks. Hence, architectors have to choose only one of two capabilities of the system: system is required to be fast and fail safe even without any protection mechanisms such as encryption and/or signatures. The proposed approach describes a model of abnormal activity detection, which uses two algorithms to work with industrial network traffic: one is based on Brown's adaptive prediction model and another one based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) predict method. Not typical events detection is demonstrated on test traffic captures.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Difficulty and Measure Analysis of City Garbage Classification

This paper analysis the difficulty and measure of city garbage classification in Beijing through questionnaire method. The related factors influencing the measures taken by the residents on dealing with household garbage are analyzed by using the method of RSS and AIC variable selection and statistics regression. Then the measures and suggestions are put forward to promote the implementation of garbage classification.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Jordan and 1948: the persistence of an official history

The year 1948 was a defining one for the modern state of Jordan. It was the year in which the government of King ʿAbdullah redefined its treaty relations with Britain and achieved greater independence from London's rule. It was the year in which the Arab Legion engaged in its first all-out war, and the people of Transjordan were mobilized behind the common Arab agenda of preserving Arab Palestine. It was the year in which the desert kingdom of Transjordan was transformed territorially and demographically into the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, through the integration of the West Bank and the absorption of a half-million Palestinian refugees. The events of 1948 isolated Jordan in inter-Arab politics, and were directly responsible for the assassination of King ʿAbdullah three years later. In effect, 1948 was a major turning point when the former British colony emerged as a sovereign actor and was caught up in the turmoil which has buffeted the region down to the present day.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences