jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Content, Policies and Assessment of ICT Curricula in the Final Years of Secondary Schooling in Australia and Vietnam: A Comparative Educational Study

[This paper is published in the Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, Volume 15.] This paper explores and analyses similarities and differences in ICT curricula, policies, and assessment between the Vietnamese and Australian educational systems for the final years of secondary educational level. It was found that while having a common core set of tendencies, the Australian ICT curricula, policies, and assessments differ markedly from the Vietnamese counterparts. These differences can be explained by economic and cultural factors, national-wide educational trends, ICT strategies, and their degrees of implementation in schools. We found that limited constructivist implementations are used in ICT curricula in both countries, as Australian education has high expectations in national evaluations with an emphasis on standardized tests and Vietnamese education is still entrapped in prescriptive lessons of traditional pedagogy, emphasizing transmission model of information. We found that lack of opportunities in teacher professional development in ICT training is common for both countries. While the Australian educational system still struggles, especially in providing opportunities for learning theoretical and programming aspects, multiple challenging aspects were found in the ICT content and policies of the Vietnamese educational system that call for immediate change and improvement. In this sense, Vietnamese administrators are recommended to extensively follow up their educational strategies and policies, in order to make sure that their reforms are adequately implemented in schools. In order to bridge the gap and implement adequate ICT curricula, rigorous professional training in ICT teaching is essential for both Australian and Vietnamese teachers.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of Nitroxide Spin Probes and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Assessing Reducing Power of Beer. Role of SH Groups

Intensity of EPR spectra of stable organic free radicals, nitroxides, is decreasing with time if the radicals are dissolved in beer. The process is determined by a chemical reaction of nitroxide reduction by components naturally present in beer. Kinetics can be described as a simple irreversible first order with respect to both nitroxide and one reducing agent. Effective concentration of the reducing agent and the corresponding reaction rate constant has been determined. It is demonstrated that the nitroxide reduction is sensitive to the presence of solvent-accessible SH groups of proteins present in beer. It is proposed that quantitative analysis of reduction kinetics of small water-soluble nitroxide radicals such as TEMPO and TEMPOL can be used to assess the reducing power of beer. The effect of accelerated aging of beer achieved at elevated temperatures on nitroxide reduction kinetics is demonstrated. Keywords: Beer; EPR; nitroxides; reducing power; spin traps; antioxidant pool

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Identifying the Binding Site of Novel Methyllycaconitine (MLA) Analogs at α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission. Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a selective and potent antagonist of the α7 nAChR, and its anthranilate ester side-chain is important for its activity. Here we report the influence of structure on nAChR inhibition for a series of novel MLA analogs, incorporating either an alcohol or anthranilate ester side-chain to an azabicyclic or azatricyclic core against rat α7, α4β2, and α3β4 nAChRs expressed in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; oocytes. The analogs inhibited ACh (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) within an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; range of 2.3−26.6 μM. Most displayed noncompetitive antagonism, but the anthranilate ester analogs exerted competitive behavior at the α7 nAChR. At α4β2 nAChRs, inhibition by the azabicyclic alcohol was voltage-dependent suggesting channel block. The channel-lining residues of α4 subunits were mutated to cysteine and the effect of azabicyclic alcohol was evaluated by competition with methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA) and a thiol-reactive probe in the open, closed, and desensitized states of α4β2 nAChRs. The azabicyclic alcohol was found to compete with MTSEA between residues 6′ and 13′ in a state-dependent manner, but the reactive probe only bonded with 13′ in the open state. The data suggest that the 13′ position is the dominant binding site. Ligand docking of the azabicyclic alcohol into a (α4)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(β2)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; homology model of the closed channel showed that the ligand can be accommodated at this location. Thus our data reveal distinct pharmacological differences between different nAChR subtypes and also identify a specific binding site for a noncompetitive channel blocker.

Topic: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bifurcation and chaotic behaviour in stochastic Rosenzweig-MacArthur prey-predator model with non-Gaussian stable Lévy noise

We perform dynamical analysis on a stochastic Rosenzweig-MacArthur model driven by α-stable Lévy motion. We analyze the existence of the equilibrium points, and provide a clear illustration of their stability. It is shown that the nonlinear model has at most three equilibrium points. If the coexistence equilibrium exists, it is asymptotically stable attracting all nearby trajectories. The phase portraits are drawn to gain useful insights into the dynamical underpinnings of prey-predator interaction. Specifically, we present a transcritical bifurcation curve at which system bifurcates. The stationary probability density is characterized by the non-local Fokker-Planck equation and confirmed by some numerical simulations. By applying Monte Carlo method and using statistical data, we plot a substantial number of simulated trajectories for stochastic system as parameter varies. For initial conditions that are arbitrarily close to the origin, parameter changes in noise terms can lead to significantly different future paths or trajectories with variations, which reflect chaotic behaviour in mutualistically interacting two-species prey-predator system subject to stochastic influence.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1922814: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems With One-Bit ADCs

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, it may not be power efficient to have a pair of high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for each antenna element. In this paper, a near maximum likelihood (nML) detector for uplink multiuser massive MIMO systems is proposed where each antenna is connected to a pair of one-bit ADCs, i.e., one for each real and imaginary component of the baseband signal. The exhaustive search over all the possible transmitted vectors required in the original maximum likelihood (ML) detection problem is relaxed to formulate an ML estimation problem. Then, the ML estimation problem is converted into a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved. Using the solution, the base station can perform simple symbol-by-symbol detection for the transmitted signals from multiple users. To further improve detection performance, we also develop a two-stage nML detector that exploits the structures of both the original ML and the proposed (one-stage) nML detectors. Numerical results show that the proposed nML detectors are efficient enough to simultaneously support multiple uplink users adopting higher-order constellations, e.g., 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. Since our detectors exploit the channel state information as part of the detection, an ML channel estimation technique with one-bit ADCs that shares the same structure with our proposed nML detector is also developed. The proposed detectors and channel estimator provide a complete low power solution for the uplink of a massive MIMO system.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of Star Polystyrene through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Pentaerythritol Tetra (2 halocarboxylate) as Multifunctional Initiators

Pentaerythritol tetrachloroacetate (PT Cl) and pentaerythritol tetra (2 bromoisobutyrate) (PT Br) were synthesized through the reaction between pentaerythritol and chloroacetyl chloride or 2 bromoisobutyl bromide, respectively. The synthesized PT Cl and PT Br were used to initiate the bulk atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene. The results show that the number average molecular weight increases linearly versus monomer conversion and its value approaches to the theoretical value, and that the molecular weight distribution decreases with the increase of monomer conversion. Hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the polystyrene samples were also carried out. The results indicated that only 2 armed polystyrene was obtained by using PT Cl as the initiator, but that 3～4 armed star polystyrene was gained by using PT Br as the initiator. The dependence of the number of arms of the polystyrene on monomer conversion was also investigated. Using PT Br as the initiator and under the conditions of [styrene]∶[PT Br]∶[CuBr]∶[bpy]=192∶1∶2∶6, there are more than 3 arms per polystynene molecule when the monomer conversion exceeds 60%, however, less arms at the conversion of 30%, which suggest that the initiation process may be a gradual one.

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in the Expression of Aquaporin-3 in the Gastrointestinal Tract Affect Drug Absorption

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in water transport in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, we conducted a Caco-2 cell permeability assay to examine how changes in the expression and function of AQP3 affect the rate at which a drug is absorbed via passive transport in the GI tract. When the function of AQP3 was inhibited by mercuric chloride or phloretin, there was no change in warfarin permeability. In contrast, when the expression of AQP3 protein was decreased by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment, warfarin permeability increased to approximately twice the control level, and membrane fluidity increased by 15%. In addition, warfarin permeability increased to an extent comparable to that after PGE2 treatment when cell membrane fluidity was increased by 10% via boric acid/EDTA treatment. These findings suggest the possibility that the increased drug absorption under decreased AQP3 expression was attributable to increased membrane fluidity. The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of water transport has little effect on drug absorption. However, our findings also indicate that although AQP3 and other similar transmembrane proteins do not themselves transport drugs, changes in their expression levels can cause changes in cell membrane fluidity, thus affecting drug absorption rates.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental and Numerical Study of Hydrodynamics with Heat Transfer in a Gas−Solid Fluidized-Bed Reactor at Different Particle Sizes

In this research, particle size effect on heat transfer and hydrodynamics of a nonreactive gas−solid fluidized-bed reactor were studied experimentally and computationally. A multifluid Eulerian model incorporating the kinetic theory for solid particles was applied to simulate the unsteady-state behavior of this reactor and momentum exchange coefficients were calculated by using the Syamlal−O'Brien drag functions. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Pressure drops and temperature distribution predicted by the simulations at different particle sizes were in good agreement with experimental measurements at superficial gas velocity higher than the minimum fluidization velocity. Simulation results also indicated that small bubbles were produced at the bottom of the bed. These bubbles collided with each other as they moved upward forming larger bubbles. The influence of solid particles size on the gas temperature was studied. The results indicated that, for smaller particle size, due to a higher heat-transfer coefficient between the gas and solid phases, solid-phase temperature increases and mean gas temperature decrease, rapidly. Furthermore, this comparison showed that the model can predict hydrodynamic and heat-transfer behavior of gas−solid fluidized-bed reactors reasonably well.

Topic: Granular flow and fluidized beds
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Catalytic activity of human and bovine adrenal cytochromes <i>P</i>-45017α,lyase expressed in Cos 1 cells

Conference Article| December 01 1989 Catalytic activity of human and bovine adrenal cytochromes P-45017α,lyase expressed in Cos 1 cells PIETER SWART; PIETER SWART * 1Department of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cecil and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5325 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RONALD W. ESTABROOK; RONALD W. ESTABROOK 1Department of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cecil and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5325 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. IAN MASON; J. IAN MASON 1Department of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cecil and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5325 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL R. WATERMAN MICHAEL R. WATERMAN 1Department of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cecil and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5325 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (6): 1025–1026. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171025 Article history Received: June 14 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PIETER SWART, RONALD W. ESTABROOK, J. IAN MASON, MICHAEL R. WATERMAN; Catalytic activity of human and bovine adrenal cytochromes P-45017α,lyase expressed in Cos 1 cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1989; 17 (6): 1025–1026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171025 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: P4, progesterone, P5, pregnenolone, 17α-P4, 17α-hydroxy P4, 17α-P5, 17α-hydroxy P5, DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A mechanism of the onset of the Australian summer monsoon

An onset mechanism of the Australian summer monsoon that incorporates possible air‐sea feedback processes is investigated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction /National Center for Atmospheric Research daily reanalysis data aided by an ocean general circulation model. Rapid intensification of land‐ocean thermal contrast during the premonsoon period results in a well‐organized continental‐scale shallow vertical circulation over the Australian continent. The shallow vertical circulation is dynamically coupled both with a thermally induced low at the lower level below 850 hPa and a thermal high at 600–700 hPa level. Intensified low‐level westerly anomalies and increased solar radiation in less cloudy air induced by the subsidence in the periphery of the Australian thermal low results in increasing sea surface temperature (SST) along the northern coast of Australia. The thermal high concurrent with the shallow vertical circulation leads to dry intrusion into the layer at ∼700 hPa over the Arafura Sea and Coral Sea through the horizontal and vertical advective processes. A combination of the SST increase and the dry intrusion creates a more convectively unstable condition. When convective instability is intensified while subsidence suppresses convection, the arrival of large‐scale disturbances with ascending motion (such as the Madden‐Julian oscillation) at the domain where the instability is enhanced triggers deep cumulus convection, implying the onset of the monsoon. The onset mechanism proposed in this study may apply not only to the Australian monsoon but also to other monsoon systems that have continental masses in the subtropics.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring in-depth joint pro-environmental behaviors: a multivariate ordered probit approach

As commitment levels to pro-environmental activities are usually coded as ordered categorical variables, we argue that the multivariate ordered probit model is an appropriate tool to account for the effect of common observable and unobservable variables on joint pro-environmental behaviors. However, exploring in-depth joint pro-environmental behaviors using the multivariate ordered probit model requires not only to assess whether some variables are found to be significant, but also to calculate joint probabilities, conditional probabilities and partial effects on these quantities. As an illustration, we explore the joint commitment levels of households to recycling of materials in France. We show that beyond the estimation of the multivariate ordered probit model, much can be learned from the calculation of the aforementioned quantities. (JEL C35, Q53)

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Breastfeeding Support in Spanish Neonatal Intensive Care Units and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative

Background: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has a positive effect on breastfeeding in maternity wards; however, few studies have examined to what degree it affects care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Recently, the BFHI has been adapted to the NICUs (Neo-BFHI). Objective: This study aimed to compare breastfeeding support in Spanish NICUs in hospitals with BFHI accreditation or in the process of being accredited (group 1) with NICUs in hospitals that have not yet begun this initiative (group 2). Methods: A validated questionnaire on breastfeeding support was distributed to level II and III NICUs in Spanish public hospitals. A univariate analysis and an analysis adjusted for the number of beds in NICUs were conducted. The results of the analysis of 36 breastfeeding support measures are presented in accordance with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding adapted to NICUs. Results: Of the 141 participating NICUs, 129 (91%) responded to the questionnaire: 38 NICUs from group 1 and 91 NICUs from group 2. Group 1 had implemented a higher number of breastfeeding support measures than group 2. There were significant differences in 18 measures related to steps 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 of the Neo-BFHI. In addition, a comparison of NICUs in hospitals with full accreditation (7 of 129) with those in group 2 revealed significant differences in 7 measures pertaining to steps 2, 5, 8, and 9. Conclusion: The Spanish NICUs in hospitals with BFHI accreditation or in the process of being accredited have better implementation of practices to promote and support breastfeeding.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Self-Propelled Crop Sprayer for Agricultural Sustainability in Small Farms

In most Asian countries, farmers have smallholdings ranging from one to two hectares. The tractor-mounted boom sprayers cannot practically be used in small size farms with divided plots and complex terrain. To cope with these issues, a prototype self-propelled crop sprayer was developed, including a 20-hp engine, 300 L liquid tank, and hydraulically-controlled spray boom with eight hollow cone nozzles. The spray symmetry of the hollow cone nozzle was evaluated under four pressures (2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 bar) in the laboratory. The operating parameters of the sprayer, such as forward speed (4, 6, and 8 km h−1), spray height (40, 55, and 70 cm), and pressure (3, 5, and 7 bar) were optimized by measuring three spray characteristics including droplet density, coverage percentage, and Volume Median Diameter (VMD) in the cotton field. The results revealed that the nozzle spray was symmetrical at 2.5 and 3 bar pressure as the R2 value was higher than 0.96. The field test result showed that in all treatments, treatments T14 (6 km h−1, 55 cm, 5 bar) and T22 (8 km h−1, 55 cm, 3 bar) were suitable for spraying medium-to-low concentration solution (post-emergence herbicides and fungicides) and high concentration solution (insecticides and pre-emergence herbicides), respectively. The spray characteristics at treatments T14 and T22 were 64.7 droplets cm−2, 26.7%, 230 µm, and 39 droplets cm−2, 14.9%, and 219.8 µm respectively. The field efficiency of the sprayer was 61%. The spraying cost per unit area was 55–64% less compared to manual labor cost. In conclusion, a prototype self-propelled crop sprayer is an efficient and environment-friendly technology for small farms. Operating the sprayer at the optimal parameters also saves operational costs and time.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences