jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Designing Games for Learning

This chapter discusses two games that were designed to target learning as well as implications for the design of future games intended for this purpose. It illustrates how the ADDIE model of instructional design can be leveraged to produce digital game spaces as well as the limitations that designers face based on the goals of the project, the chosen technology, and the audience chosen for the digital intervention. The goal of this chapter is to use real-world examples of learning game design processes in order to prepare instructional designers for the complexity of using game and instructional design principles as a means of improving student motivation, learning, and other psychological factors that prepare them for engaging meaningfully in the educational experience.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A vertical oligopoly in which entry increases every firm's profit

Abstract We develop a model in which each of m manufacturers forms a differentiated final product by assembling n components that are provided by its own n independent suppliers. Each supplier produces a unique component and sells to only one of the manufacturers. The manufacturers engage in product‐differentiated Cournot competition. We show that if initially the number of manufacturers is sufficiently small, and if the number of components is large enough, then, as the number of manufacturers increases, every firm—including downstream manufacturers and their upstream component suppliers—earns more profit. Entry can increase every firm's profit. The package‐tour industry of Japan is an example of such an industry. Drip coffee supplied by competing convenience stores in Japan is another.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Employing deep mutational scanning in the <i>Escherichia coli</i> periplasm to decode the thermodynamic landscape for amyloid formation

Deep mutational scanning (DMS) assays provide a powerful method to generate large-scale datasets essential for advancing AI-driven predictions in biology. The tripartite β-lactamase assay (TPBLA), in which a protein of interest is inserted between two domains of β-lactamase, has previously been reported as capable of detecting and quantitating the aggregation of proteins and biologics in the oxidizing periplasm of Escherichia coli and used as a platform for identifying small molecule inhibitors of aggregation. Here, we repurpose the TPBLA into a high-throughput DMS platform. We validate this format using a single-site saturation library of the intrinsically disordered peptide Aβ 42 , linked to Alzheimer’s disease, demonstrating strong agreement between observed variant fitness scores and variant behavior using our previously reported low-throughput TPBLA. The results of DMS revealed variant fitness scores that correlate with known amyloid-promoting regions. An in silico approach using FoldX-derived per-residue thermodynamic stability confirmed that the TPBLA reports on amyloid fibril stability. In vitro experiments support this finding, showing a strong correlation between variant fitness scores and the critical concentration of amyloid formation. Machine learning using the DMS dataset identified β‐sheet propensity and polarity as primary drivers of variant fitness scores. The derived model is also able to predict thermodynamically stabilizing regions in other amyloid systems, underscoring its generalizability. Collectively, our results demonstrate the TPBLA as a versatile platform for generating robust datasets to advance predictive modeling and to inform the design of aggregation‐resistant proteins.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
High-speed broadband CARS in the fingerprint region through supercontinuum generation in bulk media

Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a powerful label-free and non-invasive imaging technique for mapping cells and tissues, delivering relevant biochemical information. However, in its standard implementation, the spontaneous Raman cross sections are too low, thus preventing high-speed microscopy, especially in the more informative low wavenumber region, also known as fingerprint region. Coherent Raman microscopy overcomes this hurdle providing several orders of magnitude higher speed thanks to the coherent excitation of the vibrational modes in the laser focus. In this work, we present a novel approach to broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B-CARS) that allows acquiring the entire fingerprint vibrational response of the sample at an unprecedented speed. The system is based on an amplified Ytterbium laser at 2 MHz repetition rate, that provides sufficient pulse energies to generate broadband near-infrared white-light supercontinuum in bulk media that we employ as broadband Stokes pulses. Coupled to narrowband pump pulses at 1035 nm, we demonstrate B-CARS microscopy down to 1 ms pixel dwell time with a diffraction-limited spatial resolution over large field of views. To extract the maximum amount of information, we enhance the signal to noise ratio of the vibrational spectra via artificial intelligence-based methods. In particular, we developed a convolutional neural network trained on data-augmented experimental input-output pairs of B-CARS spectra. Traditional algorithms are then used to remove the non-resonant background, extrapolating the pure vibrational response, and to perform chemometric analysis on the hypercubes. We test the setup performances by imaging heterogeneous biological systems, such as tissue slices of murine spine.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Activated and nonactivated MSCs increase survival in humanized mice after acute liver injury through alcohol binging

Abstract The ability of the liver to regenerate after injury makes it an ideal organ to study for potential therapeutic interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self‐renewal and differentiation properties, as well as anti‐inflammatory properties that make them an ideal candidate for therapy of acute liver injury. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for reversal of hepatic injury using human umbilical cord–derived MSCs. Secondary aims include comparison of various methods of administration as well as comparison of activated versus nonactivated human umbilical cord stem cells. To induce liver injury, humanized mice were fed high‐cholesterol high‐fat liquid diet with alcohol binge drinking. Mice were then treated with either umbilical cord MSCs, activated umbilical cord MSCs, or a placebo and followed for survival. Blood samples were obtained at the end of the binge drinking and at the time of death to measure alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Histology of all mouse livers was reported at time of death. Activated MSCs that were injected intravenously, intraperitoneally, or both routes had superior survival compared with nonactivated MSCs and with placebo‐treated mice. AST and ALT levels were elevated in all mice before treatment and improved in the mice treated with stem cells. Conclusion: Activated stem cells resulted in marked improvement in survival and in recovery of hepatic chemistries. Activated umbilical cord MSCs should be considered an important area of investigation in acute liver injury.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Homologous Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor mRNA by Angiotensin II

Recent studies suggest a crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the signaling of angiotensin (Ang) II through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 -R). However, the role of ROS in the regulation of AT 1 -R expression has not been explored. In this study, we examined the effect of an antioxidant on the homologous downregulation of AT 1 -R by Ang II. Ang II (10 −6 mol/L) decreased AT 1 -R mRNA with a peak suppression at 6 hours of stimulation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Preincubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with N -acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, almost completely inhibited the Ang II–induced downregulation of AT 1 -R mRNA. The effect of NAC was due to stabilization of the AT 1 -R mRNA that was destabilized by Ang II. The Ang II–induced AT 1 -R mRNA downregulation was also blocked by PD98059, an extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor. Ang II–induced ERK activation was inhibited by NAC as well as by PD98059. Exogenous H 2 O 2 also suppressed AT 1 -R mRNA. These results suggest that the production of ROS and the activation of ERK are critical for the downregulation of AT 1 -R mRNA. The generation of ROS through stimulation of AT 1 -R not only mediates signaling of Ang II but also may play a crucial role in the adaptation process of AT 1 -R to the sustained stimulation of Ang II.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Energy spectra of secondary particles in γ families and their sensitivity to the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Spectra of secondary particles (γ-rays) in γ-families detected in the X-ray chambers in the Pamirs (H = 600 g cm−2) have been analyzed. These γ-ray spectra show a bend at the energy E* γ ≈ (ΣE γ )min, where (ΣE γ )min is the lowest total energy of γ-rays in the families above which γ-families were selected. The bend is not related to the knee in the spectrum of primary particles; it is due to the use of the ΣE γ selection criterion. The E γ spectrum slope is sensitive to the spectrum of the primary cosmic rays in the region E γ ≥ (ΣE γ )min.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unified formulation of interfacial magnonic pumping from non-collinear magnets

We establish a general formulation for spin current pumped by magnons at the interface between a normal metal and a magnetic insulator, valid for any non-collinear magnetic configuration in the linear spin wave regime. This current is generated by driving the system in a non-equilibrium state, covering setups such as thermal spin injection (spin Seebeck effect) or spin voltage by irradiation of the insulator (spin pumping). We illustrate the formula in the special case of a honeycomb topological ferromagnet, for simplicity, and cover both the spin Seebeck and spin-pumping setups. We show how the topological parameters influence the spin current and propose a way to obtain a contribution mainly from the topological edge magnons in the spin pumping case.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Complex biochemical and molecular approach to prenatal diagnosis of mucoviscidosis].

Prenatal diagnosis of 62 cases of cystic fibrosis was performed in high-risk families at 18-21 gestational weeks using biochemical and molecular tests. The diagnosis was ruled out in 42 and confirmed in 20 cases. The incidence of false-positive results was 8.3% (5 of 62) and that of false-negative results 3.7% (2 of 62). Reliability of prenatal diagnosis in concomitant use of biochemical and molecular tests was over 95%. Advantages of prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using DNA probes and requirements for its wider adoption in the first trimester are discussed.

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Çinggis Han’ın İç Asya Halklarının Kaderine Getirdiği Değişim

In general Chinggis Khan is evaluated in terms of the campaigns and conquests he carried out on the cities and states of Central Asia and China. Here in this study the focus is on his impact on nomadic societies. While the pre-Chinggisid period is characterized by nomadic clans, tribes and principalities, the new order (jasagh) entailed membership in the army of conquest. It was not only changes in the composition of the society that these changes are visible, but also in patterns of succession. In their effort to legitimize the new order, historians of the period used old-time emotional verses in their records implying a continuity. Retrospectively it can be said that all of these developments changed Inner Asia from a society where intra-tribal strife, migrations, invasions and conquests had been the rule, to more or less homogenous “tribes” who became involved in social and religious literature, historiography thus leaving records of their culture for the posterity.

Topic: Linguistics and Cultural Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparing the Climate Change Actions, Targets and Performance of UK and US Retailers

Abstract It is often held that the UK has been something of a leader in its response to climate change, and that the USA has been more of a laggard. Whilst much of this debate relates to government policy, in this paper we consider whether this is true when it comes to corporate action on climate change. We use the retail sector to explore this question. This sector is important because of its own greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and because of the emissions it influences through its supply chains and value chains. On the basis of extensive reviews of corporate reports and other publically available data, we find that companies in the UK are some way ahead of their US counterparts in terms of the actions they are taking (in particular in relation to their willingness to focus on their supply‐chain‐related emissions), the ambition of the emission reduction targets that they are setting for themselves, and (while acknowledging the difficulties in making direct performance comparisons) the rates of improvement in their energy consumption and GHG emissions. We therefore conclude that at least some of the wider claims about the relative performance of the UK and the USA on climate change are mirrored in the manner in which corporations are responding to climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Delivery at the parents' and children's premises].

Developed countries have reduced maternal mortality to a minimum, and there is a very low perinatal risk. This is still far from the reality in many developing countries. In the evaluation of health care for mother and child, all professionals involved should consider their focus. The use of technology, and the premises and information shared with the users should be open to revision, in order to provide services that are user-friendly, and to ensure low risk for parents and children.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Classics de la literatura universal en el teatre catala contemporani

Synthesis of the study on the adaptation of the theatrical as well as literary local and universal classics in contemporary Catalan drama and analysis of the tecniques and strategies used by playwrights and collectives. The investigation carried out shows some tipologies and tendencies, such as the dramatization of narrative texts, the renewal of dramatic classics, digital and cyber theatre, the hybridazation of text-based theatre and performance, the revitalization of the musical or the recreation through opera and puppet theatre.

Topic: Historical and Modern Theater Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Biophysics, Thermodynamics, and Stability of Colloidal Dispersion Nanosystems

This chapter describes the composition, structure, and thermodynamics of cell lipid bilayers and their role for cellular protection and function. This chapter highlights the significance of biomolecules and biomaterials in constructing artificial devices mimicking living cells. The lipid bilayer's structure, biophysics, and thermodynamics influence membrane behavior and are crucial for designing drug delivery nanosystems. The liquid crystalline state, is presenting and lies between solid and liquid phases, contains unique molecular organizations that are pivotal for producing therapeutic nanodevices. Lipidic domains, particularly "lipid rafts," are dynamic structures within cell membranes and are crucial for cell communication. The Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory elucidates the stability of nanocolloidal systems based on electrostatic and van der Waals forces. The stability of colloidal dispersion system is shown to be crucial for product efficacy and disease treatment. The polymorphism of liquid crystalline nanosystems, termed lyotropism, is presented highlighting its impact on bio-system evolution and the design of nanodevices.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Direct comparisons of bisulfite pyrosequencing versus targeted bisulfite sequencing

DNA methylation typically refers to the covalent bonding of a methyl group (-CH3) to the 5’ carbon of a cytosine residue. These methylated cytosines, referred to as 5-mC, most often precede guanines in the DNA sequence and are referred to as CpG methylation (Rakyan et al. 2011). DNA methylation is a critical component of the regulatory mechanisms that assure proper genome function. It plays an important role in embryonic development, X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, and defense against the activity and transposition of repeat elements. Methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs) (Jeltsch 2006; Denis et al. 2011). Dysregulation of DNA methylation via mutations in DMNTs, disease processes or from environmental exposures is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, chronic disease and cancers (Greenberg and Bourc’his 2019).

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Treatment of Dysmenorrhea: A Relaxation Therapy Program

ABSTRACT Relaxation therapy was used to treat ten high school‐aged girls suffering from dysmenorrhea. A self‐judgment sheet was used to evaluate the results of the therapy. The treatment group improved significantly (p &lt; 0.01) on the symptoms “cramps” and “nausea,” and on “difficult to concentrate,” “unambitious” and “being irritable” (p &lt; 0.05).

Topic: Menstrual Health and Disorders
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The virtual class as a knowledge democratization model

This paper presents the conceptualization and use of a virtual classroom in the course EIF-200 Fundamentos de Informatica, first course in the Information Systems Engineering career of the Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica. The virtual classroom is seen as a complement to the class and is conceived as a space that allows to centralize teaching resources, thereby promoting the  democratization of knowledge among students and teachers. Furthermore, this concept of virtual classroom helps to reduce the culture of individualism, present many times in university teaching practices, and contributes to create new opportunities to learn from other colleagues within a culture of reflection, analysis and respectful dialogue aimed to improve the teaching practices.

Topic: E-Learning and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptation of the inert gas FRC technique for use in heavy exercise

We automated the inert gas rebreathe technique for measurement of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) during heavy exercise. We also assessed the use of two gas tracers (He and N2) vs. a single gas tracer (He) for measurement of this lung volume and compared the two-tracer EELV to changes in the inspiratory capacity (defined with transpulmonary pressure) and shifts in the end-expiratory pressure from rest through heavy exercise. A computer program switched a pneumatic valve when flow crossed zero at end expiration and defined points in the He and N2 traces for calculation of EELV. An inherent delay of the rebreathing valve (50 ms) caused virtually no error at rest and during light exercise and an error of 74 +/- 9 ml in the EELV at peak inspiratory flow rates of 4 l/s. The measurement of EELV by the two gas tracers was closely correlated to the single-gas tracer measurement (r = 0.97) but was consistently higher (120 +/- 10 ml) than when He was used alone. This difference was accentuated with increased work rates (2-5% error in the EELV, rest to heavy exercise) and as rebreathe time increased (2-7% error in the EELV with rebreathe times of 5-20 s for all work loads combined). The double-gas tracer measurement of EELV agreed quite well with the thoracic gas volume at rest (P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein turnover and amino acid flux in fish larvae

The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative analysis of the amino acid flux in fish larvae. The important parts of the analysis are: food intake rates, assimilation rates, rates of protein synthesis, growth and degradation, and ammonia excretion rates. The greatest degree of uncertainty concerns the rates of protein synthesis in fish larvae. However, quantification of amino acid incorporation rates into protein is important when considering amino acid requirements for growth. Methods are described for measuring protein synthesis rates in small larval and juvenile fish based upon the phenylalanine flooding methodology which has been used successfully for larger fish. In trout fry, bathing the animals in radiolabelled amino acids is not very successful in terms of equilibrating the free amino acid pool with the bathing medium, but this method does work well for marine fish larvae and juvenile freshwater stages that are feeding. Results from injecting small trout fry with radiolabelled amino acids are described and this method works well for larger juvenile fish. From the protein synthesis rates of larval herring, an amino acid flux model is described which empha­sizes the relatively large size of the free amino acid pool compared with the amino acids in proteins, and the size of the free pool is compared with estimated rates of protein synthesis. Other methods are described for determining the rates of protein turnover in fish larvae. The effects of body size are considered and it is concluded that RNA concentration, free amino acid pool, and the relative rates of protein synthesis and growth are not exceptional for fish larvae and seem to obey scaling relationships familiar from metabolic considerations. If protein synthesis accounts for a large proportion of the oxygen consumption in fish larvae, then the proportion of the synthesized protein retained as growth may play an important role in the growth efficiency (growth rate divided by food consumption), but there is no evidence that small fish larvae sacrifice protein turnover during rapid growth in order to reduce energy expenditure. Article from Marine Science Symposia Vol. 201 - "Mass rearing of juvenile fish". Symposium held in Bergen, 21-23 June 1993. To access the remaining articles please click on the keyword "MSS Vol. 201".

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences