jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ochrana kulturních statků v případě okupace

The Protection of Cultural Property during Occupation Cultural property represents an integral part of every nation, it completes the identity of the individual as well as that of humanity as a whole. Because of its specific character, it represents a unique and valuable source for the understanding of history, and creates a sense of belonging to a community, either in its national or in its worldwide sense. Cultural property has a special, irreplaceable meaning for society; its character, existence and continuity and must therefore be protected. The risks that cultural property faces are of two different kinds: either independent of human will or, on the other hand, connected with human activity. Dangers for cultural property are naturally present even during the time of peace. On the other hand, cultural property represents especially vulnerable objects during the time of armed conflict or occupation. Even though during the time of armed conflict the protection of human lives, especially of persons not involved in actual fighting, plays the paramount role, it is nevertheless important to provide protection to cultural property as well. The aim of my thesis is to provide an overview and framework of existing mechanisms for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict,...

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Lymphocyte Activation in Oral Lichen Planus <i>In Situ</i>

The current study evaluated the activation of T-cell mediated cellular immune response in the oral lesions in lichen planus (OLP). Analysis was made of the ultramorphology, lymphocyte activation marker expression, DNA synthesis, and gamma-interferon production of the inflammatory cells in OLP lesions. According to these four different aspects of lymphocyte activation, only a minor fraction, 5% at the most, of all T-cells in situ were activated. This minor fraction, however, not the resting T-cells without these signs of activation, may decide the outcome of the local immune-inflammatory process in OLP. Of the inflammatory cells in situ, however, 81 +/- 5% were Ia positive. This finding may be the result of an Ia inducing capacity of the gamma-interferon produced locally by the activated T-cells.

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Overproduction, Purification and Characterization of the Cellulose‐Binding Domain of the <i>Erwinia Chrysanthemi</i> Secreted Endoglucanase EGZ

EGZ is the major endoglucanase secreted by Enwinia chrysanthemi. Functional characterization indicates that it is made of a catalytic N‐terminal domain linked to a C‐terminal cellulose‐binding domain (CBD) by a Ser/Thr‐rich linker. A chimeric plasmid, in which the CBD‐encoding region was fused downstream of the ompA signal sequence, was constructed and introduced into Escherichia coli. This allowed for the production of processed and disulfide‐bonded CBD, mostly recovered from the culture supernatant of E. coli. One‐dimensional NMR analysis of the purified CBD reveals that it folds into a well‐structured domain. Moreover, comparison with the one‐dimensional NMR analysis of full‐length EGZ strongly suggests that the CBD folds autonomously, providing experimental support for the existence of domains of EGZ.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Subarachnoid Extension of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Associated With Poor Outcomes

Background and Purpose— Extension of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space is observed in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet the phenomenon has undergone limited study and is of unknown significance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage extension (SAHE) in ICH on functional outcomes. Methods— Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and June 2012. Patients were managed and serial neuroimaging was obtained per a structured protocol. Presence of any subarachnoid blood on imaging was identified as SAHE by expert reviewers blinded to outcomes. Regression models were developed to test whether the occurrence of SAHE was an independent predictor of functional outcomes as measured with the modified Rankin Scale. Results— Of 234 patients with ICH, 93 (39.7%) had SAHE. Interrater agreement for SAHE was excellent (kappa=0.991). SAHE was associated with lobar hemorrhage location (65% of SAHE vs 19% of non-SAHE cases; P &lt;0.001) and larger hematoma volumes (median 23.8 vs 6.7; P &lt;0.001). Fever (69.9% vs 51.1%; P =0.005) and seizures (8.6% vs 2.8%; P =0.07) were more common in patients with SAHE. SAHE was a predictor of death by day 14 (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–10.53; P =0.001) and of higher (worse) modified Rankin Scale scores at 28 days (odds ratio, 1.76 per mRS point; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.05; P =0.012) after adjustment for ICH score. Conclusions— SAHE is associated with worse modified Rankin Scale independent of traditional ICH severity measures. Underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of SAHE require further study.

Topic: Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What Is Evaluation? Perspectives of How Evaluation Differs (or Not) From Research

With a lack of consensus of what evaluation is within the field of evaluation, there is difficulty in communicating what evaluation is and how it differs from research to non-evaluators.To understand how evaluation is defined, both evaluators and researchers were asked how they defined evaluation and, if at all, distinguish evaluation from research.Results supported the hypotheses that (a) evaluators differentiate evaluation from research differently from researchers, believing research and evaluation intersect whereas researchers believe evaluation is a sub-component of research, and (b) evaluators see greater differences between evaluation and research than researchers do.This study suggests that greater consensus on what evaluation is needed to be able to distinguish the field and discipline of evaluation from related fields and to be able to communicate this information to non-evaluators.

Topic: Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effect of Enzyme Digestion on the Antigenicity and Biologic Activity of Clq

Abstract The human complement component Clq was found to be sensitive to the action of pepsin and papain. Treatment with these two enzymes under certain conditions caused a marked decrease in the ability of Clq to agglutinate latex particles coated with IgG. Gel diffusion studies also showed the presence of components antigenically deficient when compared to non-treated Clq. After ultracentrifugation of the pepsin-treated Clq the antigenically deficient components were located in fractions having much lower sedimentation rates than native Clq. Reduction and alkylation of Clq also resulted in decreased ability to agglutinate the latex particles and caused the formation of antigenically deficient components. However, the components with lower sedimentation constants than Clq were detected only if conditions causing decreased non-covalent interaction were utilized.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Substitution and addition reactions of tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cyclohexadienylium)- and tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cycloheptadienylium)iron cations with tertiary diphosphines

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstitution and addition reactions of tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cyclohexadienylium)- and tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cycloheptadienylium)iron cations with tertiary diphosphinesDavid A. Brown, William K. Glass, and Mabrouk M. SalamaCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 7, 2515–2520Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00031a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00031a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of TGF-β1 Reduced Functionality on the Expression of Selected Synaptic Proteins and Electrophysiological Parameters: Implications of Changes Observed in Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy

Decreased platelet count represents a feature of acute liver failure (ALF) pathogenesis. Platelets are the reservoir of transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1), a multipotent cytokine involved in the maintenance of, i.a., central nervous system homeostasis. Here, we analyzed the effect of a decrease in TGF-β1 active form on synaptic proteins levels, and brain electrophysiology, in mice after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of TGF-β1 antibody (anti-TGF-β1; 1 mg/mL). Next, we correlated it with a thrombocytopenia-induced TGF-β1 decrease, documented in an azoxymethane-induced (AOM; 100 mM ip) model of ALF, and clarified the impact of TGF-β1 decrease on blood–brain barrier functionality. The increase of both synaptophysin and synaptotagmin in the cytosolic fraction, and its reduction in a membrane fraction, were confirmed in the AOM mice brains. Both proteins’ decrease in analyzed fractions occurred in anti-TGF-β1 mice. In turn, an increase in postsynaptic (NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, postsynaptic density protein 95, gephyrin) proteins in the AOM brain cortex, but a selective compensatory increase of NR1 subunit in anti-TGF-β mice, was observed. The alterations of synaptic proteins levels were not translated on electrophysiological parameters in the anti-TGF-β1 model. The results suggest the impairment of synaptic vesicles docking to the postsynaptic membrane in the AOM model. Nevertheless, changes in synaptic protein level in the anti-TGF-β1 mice do not affect neurotransmission and may not contribute to neurologic deficits in AOM mice.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Audits and inspections of pharmacovigilance systems in Russia

The implementation of pharmacovigilance activities is impossible in isolation from compliance with the quality requirements of medicines and the activities of pharmaceutical and medical organizations throughout the pharmaceutical practice, as well as without access to sales plans, sales results and full relevance of information on drug conditions in all markets and in all cases of application. Properly conducted audit or inspection evaluation of the pharmacovigilance system makes it possible to identify and prevent drug safety problems at all stages of its life cycle. The aim. Development of a risk-based strategy for planning and passing audits and inspections of the pharmacovigilance system for the subsequent creation of effective programs for assessing the pharmacovigilance system on its basis. Material and methods. The study used structurallogical, empirical methods, general logical methods of scientific knowledge, methods of generalization and extrapolation. Results. The plans and results of audits and inspections of pharmacovigilance systems of Russian and foreign pharmaceutical organizations and their pharmacovigilance vendors were analyzed. A risk-based strategy and a checklist for planning internal and external audits of pharmacovigilance systems of Russian pharmaceutical organizations and their vendors for pharmacovigilance have been developed and recommendations for training internal auditors of pharmacovigilance systems and audit teams have been developed for them. Conclusion. Risk assessment indicators adapted for Russia have been developed, according to which Russian pharmaceutical organizations and their pharmacovigilance vendors can assess the likelihood of the risk of priority inclusion in the plan of Russian inspections of pharmacovigilance systems for compliance with the requirements of the good pharmacovigilance practice of the Eurasian Economic Union. Recommendations were prepared for the executive management and pharmacovigilance specialists of Russian pharmaceutical organizations in terms of assessing regulatory risks for the quality system of the pharmacovigilance system, planning and conducting audits; evaluating the relationship of pharmacovigilance with other good practices and with information from the plans and results of the organization as a whole. The indicators adapted for Russia for assessing the compliance of the pharmacovigilance system with the rules of the NPF EAEU are given.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF THE BOTANIC ORIGIN OF HONEY PLANTS ON THE QUALITY OF HONEY

Numerous parameters affect the quality of honey from different beehive types (Albert – Žindaršić AŽ, Langstroth – Roott LR i Dadant – Blatt DB), i.e. the material of beehives are made of, the origin of queen bees (natural and selected), etc. Our research focuses on the influence of the botanic origin of honey plants (Tilia sp. L. (lime), Amorpha fructirosa L. (desert false indigo), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Brassica napus subsp. olifera DC. (oil beet) and Robina pseudoacacia L. (acacia)) on the quality of honey. The physical and chemical analyses of honey (N=133) (water %, water insoluble compounds %, acidity level, mmol of acid per kg, electrical conductivity, mS/cm, reducing sugar %, sucrose %, HMF, mg/kg, and diastasic number) were conducted by Harmonised methods of the European Honey. The pollen analysis was conducted by Harmonised methods of melissopalynology. The pollen analysis indicates that the botanic origin has had a statistically significant influence (P<0.001) on the quality of all investigated characteristics of honey, except on the share of the non–dissolving substances (P=0.088). The research was conducted in the Vukovar-Srijem County, the Republic of Croatia. All bees used in this research belong to the Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica), the European bee species.

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimized Cone-Shaped Motheye Structures for Fused Silica Glass Windows

We computationally varied the dimensions of cone-shaped motheye structures to optimize the transmission efficiency over a broad wavelength range. We show that optimized cone-shaped motheye structures can theoretically achieve &gt; 99 . 5% transmission from 0 . 5 µ m–2 µ m.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corrigendum: Dysrhythmia: a specific congenital rhythm perception deficit

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Psychol., 26 September 2014Sec. Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01077

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Congenital Cataract: Etiology and Morphology

ABSTRACT In a study of congenital cataract in northern India, 76 patients (146 eyes) were evaluated for morphological patterns and etiology. Partial cataracts were found to be three times more common than total cataracts, the lamellar types being the most common among the partial cataracts. Hereditary cataracts had a 19.7*/£ incidence. The majority (46.05'/· ) of cases of congenital cataract were of idiopathic origin. A few cases were associated with metabolic disorders (Marian's and Marchand's). Strabismus and nystagmus were the most common associated ocular abnormalities (28.94'/? and 15.79'/f ), and mental retardation was the most commonly associated systemic abnormality. Rubella cataract was seen far less frequently than expected.

Topic: Connexins and lens biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust

There is, in principle, a fundamental difference between Nazi racial antisemitism and the traditional anti-Judaism of Christianity. The church’s official view has been that conversion transforms a Jew into a Christian, whereas the Nazi view was that a Jewish convert to Christianity remained a Jew. Nevertheless, the distinction between racial and religious antisemitism has often been less clear-cut than is often claimed by those who claim that Christian churches bear no responsibility for the Holocaust. That is not to say that it is illusory, just that it has often been less clear-cut than is often claimed. During the Holocaust and the decades that preceded it, Christian clergy often stressed the same themes as the Nazis, notably with respect to the Jews being “parasitic” capitalists exploiting Christians, as well as communists seeking to overthrow the governments and traditional Christian values of Europe (Passelecq and Suchecky 1997, pp. 123–36). We shall see that these clerics often also spoke of Jews in racial, as well as religious terms. Conversely, the Nazis often exploited traditional Christian themes, such as the diabolical nature of the Jew, the image of the Jew as “Christ-killer,” and the contrast between “carnal” (materialistic) Judaism and spiritual Christianity. In other words, the Nazis effectively exploited two millennia of Christian demonization of the Jew. Most scholars who have studied the role of the Christian churches during the Holocaust are well aware of most of these facts (Barnett 1992; Bergen 1996; Ericksen and Heschel 1999a; Kertzer 2001). Yet many comparative studies of religion and violence ignore the role played by Christian churches during the Holocaust—apparently on the assumption that the most horrific mass murder in human history was a purely secular phenomenon. In fact, some prominent scholars, including the best-selling authors Karen Armstrong and—incredibly—Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, go so far as to attribute the Shoah to the demise of religious values in Europe (Armstrong 2014; Sacks 2015)! This article is an attempt to correct these mistaken assumptions.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
NARCOLEPSY—A SYMPTOM COMPLEX

There are two symptoms which characterize narcolepsy: (1) The patient has a tendency to go to sleep at frequent intervals through the day, the attacks of drowsiness often coming on at most inopportune times (while talking, walking, working or eating) and the desire to sleep being irrepressible; (2) the patient may find that any emotion causes a feeling of generalized weakness, so that his knees may give way under him and allow him to fall (the kataplektische Hemmung of Henneberg, 1 the Lachschlag of Oppenheim, 2 the affektiver Tonusverlust of Redlich 3 ). Perrier 4 described one patient, a soldier, who went to sleep on guard, and Spiller 5 tells of one of his patients, a fireman on a locomotive, who went to sleep while holding on to the grabirons of a train said to be moving at a speed of about 70 miles an hour. The sleep of a narcoleptic

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
FAIRsharing record for: International Ocean Discovery Program Laboratory Information Management System

This FAIRsharing record describes: The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) is an international research collaboration that coordinates seagoing expeditions to study the history of the Earth recorded in sediments and rocks beneath the ocean floor. This resource contains Phase II of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and all of the International Ocean Discovery Program data in the new system.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Family functioning and adaptation following pediatric brain tumor: A systematic review

Abstract Introduction Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience psychosocial difficulties and poor quality of life (QOL). Family functioning may be adversely impacted by the stress of diagnosis and associated symptoms, which may, in turn, affect PBTS outcomes. The objective of this study was to complete a systematic review of family functioning and psychosocial outcomes in PBTS. Methods We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and PsychInfo. Full‐text articles ( n = 324) were screened and 14 were included. A risk‐of‐bias assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of study conclusions. Results Studies examined associations of family functioning with adaptive, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes, and QOL. More adaptive family functioning (cohesiveness, effective communication, lower conflict) was associated with better PBTS outcomes. Studies were limited by heterogeneous/small samples and cross‐sectional designs. Conclusions Results provide preliminary support for the relationship between family functioning and psychosocial outcomes. Common outcome measures and prospective research designs can further advance understanding.

Topic: Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is Full Employment an Appropriate Monetary Policy Target

Full employment is an important public policy objective. The unprecedented level of unemployment observed in the aftermath of the global crisis represents a major policy failure. This paper reexamines whether this policy failure is one we should associate with monetary policy and whether full employment is an appropriate target for monetary policy. It is recalled that a few decades ago, full employment was considered by many to be a proper monetary policy target. This changed with the advent of ination targeting that recognized the value of the primacy of price stability. Following a brief historical review, it is argued that full employment is not an appropriate target for the central bank and should be avoided for the same reasons that led central banks to put price stability above other objectives as an operational target in the latter part of the twentieth century. Lack of knowledge about what constitutes full employment in real time and the risk of politicization of the central bank in the face of possibly politically motivated disagreements about its measurement make full employment an unsuitable target.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences