jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SPRUCE Anaerobic oxidation of methane mitigates net methane production and responds to long-term experimental warming in a northern bog: Supporting data

This data set contains measurements of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), net methane (CH4) production, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and gross CH4 production measurements from the SPRUCE experiment (Hanson et al. 2017). CH4 is greenhouse gas with 45 times the sustained global warming potential of CO2 over 100 years, which may have significant implications on global climate change. The process of AOM plays a large role in the extent of CH4 emissions from wetland environments like those at the SPRUCE experiment site. This study conducted two on different dates. In experiment 1, net CH4 and CO2 production were measured with a gas chromatograph through the peat profile at in situ temperatures of the SPRUCE plots four times from May to October, 2016 (2016-05 to 2016-10). Two treatments were examined, a Porewater Treatment that was a 1:1 volumetric peat:porewater slurry and a No Porewater Treatment that was field-moist peat with no porewater added. Additionally, net CH4 production were measured at frequent intervals (from 4 hr to 9 d) in peat from selected SPRUCE plots from soil collected on October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16). Samples were collected from the SPRUCE plots, immediately made anaerobic, and transported to the University of Oregon for rate measurements within several days of collection. In experiment 2, AOM, net CH4 production, CO2 production, and gross CH4 production were measured through the peat profile at in situ field temperatures once from samples collected in July, 2021 (2021-07). The same two porewater treatments were examined. AOM was measured with a 13CH4 tracer method using a Picarro G2201-i analyzer for isotopic CO2/CH4 quantification with a small stable isotope module attached. This data set contains three data files in comma separate (*.csv) format. This data set is associated with the following publication: Barney, M, AM Hopple, LL Gregory, JK Keller, and SD Bridgham. 2024. Anaerobic oxidation of methane mitigates net methane production and responds to long-term experimental warming in a northern bog. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 190, 109316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109316.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fig. 10. Pax engediensis Levy, 1990 in New data on zodariid spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean

Fig. 10. Pax engediensis Levy, 1990, holotype, ♀ (HUJ 14216). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Intact epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C = 0.4 mm.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing of Channels for Visible Light Communication Through Free Space

Most communication systems using visible light can only transmit in one language due to the existence of a single channel. By adopting Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique, this project allows three languages to be transmitted simultaneously through the creation of three individual channels. The result is a drastic saving in cost and implementation time. The three communication channels in this project are created by using three color lights (red, green and blue) derived from ultra-bright LEDs. Each color light represents one language. The three colors lights thus allow Malay, English and Chinese audio information to be transmitted and received simultaneously through free space without using optical fibers. As compared with communication using optical fibers, the advantages of Visible Light Communication (VLC) through free space are that it has high bandwidth, high data transfer rate and is immune from electromagnetic interference and hacking. LED light sources are used in preference to laser beams as unlike lasers, LEDs outputs are linearly proportional to the drive current, easier to use and have wider output patterns and longer lifespan.
The project presented here is the first successful research on simultaneous multi-language transmission using visible light communication technique through free space, although research on multi-channel visible light communication through optical fibers has been widely conducted worldwide.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Aedes albopictus</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Preference as Influenced by Container Size and<i>Buddleja davidii</i>Plants

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a container-breeding mosquito commonly found in residential areas of its range in the United States. Mosquitoes are known to utilize flowering plants for sugar acquisition. Limited information is known about the influences on oviposition site selection, outside of container size. Residential areas are often landscaped with a variety of flowering plants and are known to provide numerous sizes of potential larval developmental sites for container-breeding mosqutioes. Through screened enclosure and field studies, the oviposition preference of Ae. albopictus for containers of three selected sizes (473, 946 and 1,892 ml) and the influence of flowering butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii Franchett cultivar 'Guinevere') plants were examined. Our results document that significantly more eggs were oviposited in the largest containers. Additionally, significantly more eggs were oviposited in containers adjacent to flowering butterfly bushes than in those without a flowering butterfly bush. Finally, our results document that flowering butterfly bushes exerted greater influence over Ae. albopictus oviposition decisions than did container size. Our findings can be applied to several aspects of Ae. albopictus surveillance and control.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gramsci in Latin America between Literature and Society

This article reconstructs the genesis and development of some Latin American conceptions of literature influenced by the thought of Antonio Gramsci. In Argentina, the work of Héctor Agosti is pioneering. It is followed by José Carlos Portantiero’s analysis of realism, where Gramsci is explicitly quoted as one of the main theoretical references. Gramsci’s influence is evident in elements such as the rejection of determinism, the Argentine contextualization of Marxist theoretical postulates, and the critic’s attention to literary form in the context of the relationship between literature and society. The Gramscian presence continues to be felt in Argentine journals such as Pasado y presente and La rosa blindada. The innovative characteristics of Gramsci’s reflections on art and literature have also been appreciated in other Latin American countries. In Brazil, although from a Lukácsian perspective, references to Gramsci’s aesthetic considerations are explicit in the work of Leandro Konder and Carlos Nelson Coutinho. After discussing the cases of Argentina and Brazil, the article takes Mexico into consideration. During the 1970s and 80s, the country was a laboratory for new Marxist literary ideas. The most interesting phenomenon of this new phase of reflection on literature inspired by Gramscian thought is the use of Gramsci not only inside Marxism, but also within contexts that are not strictly Marxist.

Topic: Political theory and Gramsci
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Community Transformation and the Formation of Ethnic Capital: Immigrant Chinese Communities in the United States

In this article, we attempt to develop a conceptual framework of "ethnic capital" in order to examine the dynamics of immigrant communities. Building on the theories of social capital and the enclave economy, we argue that ethnic capital is not a thing but involves interactive processes of ethnic-specific financial capital, human capital, and social capital. We use case studies of century-old Chinatowns and emerging middle-class immigrant Chinese communities in New York and Los Angeles to illustrate how ethnic capital affects community building and transformation, which in turn influence the social mobility of immigrants. We also discuss how developments in contemporary ethnic enclaves challenge the conventional notion of assimilation and contribute to our understanding of immigrant social mobility.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development Status of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Portulaca Oleracea L

Portulaca oleracea L. is the dry aerial part of the Portulaca oleracea L. plant of the family Portulaca oleracea L. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine with the same origin as medicine and food. It is cold in nature and sour in taste. It has pharmacological effects such as bacteriostatic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antitumor, antioxidant and so on.The chemical components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides contained in Portulaca oleracea L. are inseparable from their functions. In view of the remarkable clinical effect of Portulaca oleracea L. on the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the research on the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Portulaca oleracea L. has become a hot spot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. This article only makes a review of the research status and clinical application of Portulaca oleracea L. at home and abroad in recent years.

Topic: Antioxidants, Aging, Portulaca oleracea
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficiency and Mechanism of Demulsification of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Ionic Liquids

In this work, 13 ionic liquids (ILs), including 9 halogenide ILs and 4 non-halogenide ILs, were evaluated as demulsifiers for a model oil-in-water emulsion prepared with heptane and water, where sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) was used as a surfactant. The separating efficiency (the fraction of heptane that has phase separated from the emulsion) of ILs was investigated using bottle tests and tube tests. Bottle tests show that halogenide ILs exhibited very fast demulsification, and among non-halogenide ILs, only trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide (P666,14[N(CN)2]) could demulsify effectively but slower than halogenide ILs. Tube tests suggest that the demulsification efficiency is correlated with the mole ratio of IL and SDBS. For all ILs showing effective demulsification, instead of the desired extraction of the surfactant to an IL phase, it was found that the demulsification mechanism was ion exchange between IL anions and DBS, driven by the large Gibbs energy of hydration of the anions of the sodium salts that dissolve in water. Regeneration of these ILs and surfactants requires water-free reversed ion exchange processes with sodium salts and with salts containing the IL anions, probably limiting commercial applicability of the use of these ILs for demulsification.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diffusional solute flux during osmotic water flow across the human red cell membrane.

The effect of solvent drag on the unidirectional efflux of labeled water, urea, and chloride from human red cells was studied by means of the continuous flow tube method under conditions of osmotic equilibrium and net volume flow. Solvent (water) flow out of cells was created by mixing cells equilibrated in 100 mM salt solution with a 200-mM or 250-mM salt solution, while flow of water into cells was obtained by equilibrating the cells in the higher concentration and mixing them with the 100-mM solution. Control experiments constitute measurements of efflux of [14C]ethanol in normal cells and 3H2O in cells treated with p-chloromercuribenzosulfonate under the conditions described above. In both instances, the solute is known to penetrate the membrane through nonporous pathways. As anticipated, the tracer flux of neither urea nor chloride showed any dependence on net solvent flow, regardless of the direction. If one assumes the recently reported reflection coefficient for urea of 0.7, the urea tracer flux should change by at least 24% under volume flow conditions. Since such changes would be easily detected with our method, we conclude that the pathways for water, for urea, and for chloride are functionally separated.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An In-Depth Analysis of Quantitative Research Competencies among Grade 12 Senior High School Students in the Academic Track

Research skills are essential in fostering a well-informed society. This study aimed to assess the research competency of Grade 12 students in the Academic Track. A descriptive research design was employed, with a sample of 219 students selected through random sampling from four academic strands. Data were analyzed using weighted mean to measure the personal’s mastery level of quantitative research competencies and percentage in identifying the ratio of the gender of the total respondents. The findings revealed an average weighted mean of 3.18, interpreted as "developing," indicating that students are gradually improving their academic writing, analytical competency, and investigative proficiency. However, their research skills remain in the early stages of growth, suggesting the need for continuous development to further enhance students' research skills, equipping them for future academic and professional endeavors. Enhancing these skills will not only help them succeed in their academic pursuits but also prepare them for future professional and personal challenges. Strong research skills enable students to think critically, make informed decisions, and contribute meaningfully to their fields of study.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Manipulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Cellular Metabolism Via Anaplerosis

The transcriptional co-activator PGC1α is sensitive to cellular energy status and nutrient availability. We have recently demonstrated in vitro that chronic elevation of pyruvate decreases TCA cycle flux, down-regulates PGC1·, and results in a metabolic phenotype similar to insulin resistance. PURPOSE: We hypothesized that carbohydrate-induced metabolic dysfunction was due to an impairment in TCA flux; therefore, to test this hypothesis, we determined whether dichloroacetate and anaplerotic amino acids could reverse carbohydrate-induced metabolic dysfunction, increase TCA cycle flux, and improve PGC1αfunction. METHODS: C2C12 myotubes were differentiated for 5 days and then treated for 72h with standard media (CON - 25mM glucose DMEM), high glucose and insulin (HG - 40mM glucose +100nM INS), high fructose and insulin (HF - 25mM fructose+100nM INS), or HG/HF plus glutamine (4mM) and dichloroacetate (DCA; 500uM). Following treatment, we determined cellular respiration and TCA flux using a Seahorse XF-24 metabolic flux analyzer, insulin sensitivity by 2DG uptake, PGC1· expression by real-time qPCR, and PGC1· promoter activity using the luciferase assay system. RESULTS: HG and HF treatments resulted in impaired respiration (HG=57% and HF=35% decrease), basal glucose uptake (HG=34% and HF=32% decrease) and insulin stimulated glucose uptake (HG=49% and HF=47% decrease). Glutamine+DCA increased cell respiration (HG=257% and HF=184%) as well as basal (HG=140% and HF=160%) and insulin stimulated glucose uptake (HG=162% and HF=187%). Finally we observed that 12h treatment of myotubes with 6 anaplerotic amino acids (glutamine, valine, asparagine, aspartate, leucine, and isoleucine) increased PGC1αpromoter activity (range: 84-217%). CONCLUSION: Our data would suggest that mitochondrial metabolism is sensitive to the availability of anaplerotic substrates and that these amino acids mediate their effect in part via activation of PGC1α. Further, the ability of anaplerosis to reverse carbohydrate-induced insulin resistance suggests that it may provide a viable treatment for metabolic disease in vivo.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selective CO oxidation over Fe 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH) 5 supported Pt catalyst: Kinetic and mechanistic studies

Iron hydroxyphosphate as support for Pt catalysts is explored for preferential oxidation of CO using simulated reformate gas mixture in the temperature range 40-240 °C. The CO oxidation activity and selectivity at low reaction temperatures are enhanced on addition of H2O but decrease at high temperatures due to the reverse water gas shift reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns of the supported and unsupported catalysts show very weak diffraction lines due to the Fe5(PO4)3(OH)5 phase. The chemical composition of this phase on the catalyst surface has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Building teacher capacity for ELT in Vietnam

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book explains that the introduction of common European framework of reference for languages in Vietnam has been abrupt and hasty without adequately considering its contextual constraints. It examines the impact of a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) training course on five university lecturers' teaching of listening skills and the contextual factors that influenced their use of CALL technology. The book focuses on that pre-service English language teacher education programmes are foundational in building teacher capacity. Language proficiency is believed to constitute a core dimension of second language teachers' professional competence. The issue of building and developing teacher capacity in response to the requirements of new language-in-education policies in diverse contexts has been complicated by new insights in the process of teacher learning.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Review of Probability Theory

Based on material taught at the University of California, Berkeley, this textbook offers a modern, rigorous and comprehensive treatment of the methods of structural and system reliability analysis. It covers the first- and second-order reliability methods for components and systems, simulation methods, time- and space-variant reliability, and Bayesian parameter estimation and reliability updating. It also presents more advanced, state-of-the-art topics such as finite-element reliability methods, stochastic structural dynamics, reliability-based optimal design, and Bayesian networks. A wealth of well-designed examples connect theory with practice, with simple examples demonstrating mathematical concepts and larger examples demonstrating their applications. End-of-chapter homework problems are included throughout. Including all necessary background material from probability theory, and accompanied online by a solutions manual and PowerPoint slides for instructors, this is the ideal text for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses on structural and system reliability in departments of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lsh-deficient murine embryonal fibroblasts show reduced proliferation with signs of abnormal mitosis.

Genomic hypomethylation and chromosomal instability are frequent characteristics of human cancer cells. Targeted deletion of Lsh leads to a global defect in genomic methylation, and Lsh-deficient mice die at birth with a reduced body weight. Here, we examine the growth pattern of embryonal fibroblasts derived from Lsh-/- mice. The absence of Lsh leads to a severe proliferative defect of fibroblasts with lower saturation density, early signs of senescence, and a lower frequency of immortalization. The impaired growth rate in vitro may be in part responsible for the small size of Lsh-deficient mice. In addition, Lsh-/- fibroblasts accumulated high centrosome numbers, formed multipolar spindles, displayed micronuclei formation, and elevated nuclear DNA content. A similar increase in centrosome abnormalities was observed when wild-type fibroblasts were treated with a DNA-demethylating agent, suggesting that genomic hypomethylation plays an important role in mitotic defects of Lsh-/- murine embryonal fibroblasts, possibly by altering chromatin structure. Because supernumerary centrosomes are a common feature in cancer cells, this Lsh-dependent pathway has the potential to contribute to genetic instability and chromosomal aberrations during tumor progression.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
First-principles study of structural stability, elastic, vibrational, and electronic properties of TaRu alloys

The structural stability, electronic structure, elastic constants and vibrational properties of TaRu β (cubic), β' (tetragonal) and β'' (orthorhombic) phases have been studied using density functional theory. It is found that the β-to-β' phase transformation is closely related to the elastic properties. The β' phase exhibits an unstable phonon at the R point (0 1/2 1/2), which induces the transition from the high-symmetry β' phase to the low-symmetry β'' phase. The β'' phase is obtained for the first time from first-principles calculations and the lattice parameters agree very well with the experimental data. The total density of states at the Fermi level and the phonon dispersion relations indicate that the β and β' phase are unstable, whereas the β'' phase is the most stable structure.

Topic: Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Piezoelectric properties of c-axis oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films

Piezoelectric properties of the c-axis oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films were investigated. The PZT films with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were epitaxially grown on (100)Pt-coated MgO substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering. The PZT films exhibited excellent ferroelectricity with a remanent polarization more than 50 μC/cm2. In order to examine intrinsic piezoelectric properties, cantilever structures were microfabricated with the PZT films. The piezoelectric coefficient d31 of PZT films, which were not subjected to poling treatments, was measured directly from the transverse expansion of the cantilever beams. The measurements revealed that the PZT films were naturally polarized and had a relatively large piezoelectric coefficient d31 of 100×10−12 m/V without poling.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences