jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Estimating service level impacts from changes in cycle count, buffer stock, or corrective action

Abstract Inventory managers, tasked with providing adequate levels of material support, need to be able to gain insights, in a computationally easy manner, to the magnitude of improvements in protection levels against stockouts that can be gleaned from the three mechanisms available to them—more buffer stock, more physical inventories, or more corrective action to eliminate or reduce the causes for the errors arising in the first place. Armed with quantitative conservative estimates of the types of improvements available from any of these three mechanisms or combinations of the mechanisms, and the relative cost of each, the manager is is a better position to select a cost‐effective, remedial course of action.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Barriers to care for perinatal patients with opioid use disorder: family physician perspectives

Abstract Background While barriers to care for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have been described, the experiences and challenges of the physicians providing care to these patients are poorly understood. Objectives To describe the experiences of family physicians providing comprehensive care to pregnant people with OUD and the challenges they face in providing such care. Methods Qualitative thematic analysis of 17 semistructured interviews conducted from July 2019 to September 2020 with family physicians who possess a Drug Enforcement Administration “X” waiver and provide care to pregnant patients. Results Seventeen family physicians practicing in the United States who care for pregnant people with OUD were interviewed. They described physician-, patient-, and systems-level barriers to providing and accessing care for this patient population. Of the 12 interrelated themes regarding challenges to delivering and accessing this care, 3 were particularly salient: the pervasive effects of social determinants of health, a lack of adequately trained providers, and social stigma associated with pregnant people with OUD. Conclusion A comprehensive, multilevel, and multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address these barriers and move towards health equity for this vulnerable patient population.

Topic: Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure S3 from Mass Spectrometry–Based Metabolomics Identifies Longitudinal Urinary Metabolite Profiles Predictive of Radiation-Induced Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Temporal profiles of a few selected metabolites.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Biologic and Biochemical Properties of Antibiotic-Resistant StrainsComparisons of Sensitive and Resistant Strains of the Same SpeciesAlthough the mechanisms involved in the development of antibiotic resistance will not be considered in detail, some studies designed to elucidate the problem and some illustrations of differences between sensitive and resistant strains may be mentioned. Bellamy and Klimek473 noted that a penicillin-resistant variant of Staph. aureus grew more slowly than its sensitive parent culture and also lost its ability to grow anaerobically. They could not increase significantly the resistance of strains of Str. faecalis, Str. mastitidis or Clostridium welchii by similar methods. . . .

Topic: Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ON THE INHERITANCE OF DURATION OF LIFE AND CAUSE OF DEATH

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.

Topic: Medical History and Research
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
INVESTIGATING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOIL–WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVES AND CONSEQUENCES IN IRRIGATION APPLICATION WITHIN A SANDY-LOAM SOIL IN AN INTENSIVE PLUM TREE ORCHARD

The orchard plot has plum trees (Stanley cultivar grafted on Saint Julien rootstock), six years old, with 4 m between tree rows (ITR) and 2.25 m between trees in the row (IR). The relief is a gentle hillside with a slope of 0.075 m m-1 . Undisturbed soil samples were taken at field capacity (FC) from both IR and ITR positions, between 0 and 1 m depth, with a 0.1 m depth step, in cylinder metal cores of 0.05 m in both sizes. Soil water characteristic curves between the matric potential (soil suction, ψ, expressed as pF) and SWC (m3 m ) were determined in the lab according to van Genuchtenʼs method. BD for each sample was also determined. Highly significant correlations were found between the main soil physical indices used in irrigation application and bulk density. Thus, soil compaction in orchards deteriorates soil structure and decreases water supply to the fruit trees. Only about one quarter of the total water capacity of a soil is usually used as available water for plants. Most of this capacity for the investigated soils contains either immobile water (equivalent of the wilting point) or drainage water (from total capacity to field capacity). From the available soil water capacity, only half (i.e. 12.5% of total soil water capacity) is easily available, the rest being increasingly more difficult available to plants. Soil matric potential is lower and lower with decreasing soil water content within the available soil water capacity, or otherwise soil suction increases more and more under the same conditions. Thus, soil water availability decreases dramatically from field capacity to the wilting point, for uniform decreases in soil water content, and irrigation application under water stress reduces dramatically soil water availability for plants compared to fully irrigation.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Investigating the Correspondence between Native American Pedagogy and Constructivist Based Instruction.

This paper reviews studies detailing formal and nonformal instruction of Native American children by Native American teachers and compares attributes common to traditional Native education with principles of the constructivist approach to instruction. Five pedagogic principles are considered: (1) teacher as facilitator, guiding rather than telling; (2) focus on learner-developed understanding; (3) problem-based instruction, with the problems situated in the learner's culture and lived experiences; (4) cooperative rather than competitive instruction; and (5) time-generous rather than time-driven instruction. Culturally responsive pedagogy can only be practiced in culturally sensitive environments where ways of perceiving, believing, acting, and evaluating are shared. The literature review suggests that Native American pedagogy and constructivism share common beliefs and perceptions about teaching and learning. Therefore, constructivist ways of teaching,promise to be culturally responsive to cultures valuing Native American pedagogy. Ways in which constructivism and Native American pedagogy conflict with traditional pedagogic assumptions of the dominant culture are outlined, and possible reasons are offered as to why constructivism was developed among dominant-culture educators. Contains 32 references. (SV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Force estimation and control of Delta Robot for assembly

Force Control in robotic manipulators generally requires the use of a relatively expensive Force/Torque sensor to close the control loop. A trend to create low-cost robots arose in recent years, and hence the need to reduce the use of expensive sensors; i.e., avoid the use of a F/T sensor. In this work, two disturbance observers to estimate the external forces (a disturbance) in parallel kinematic machines are proposed. In the paper, the external force is estimated through a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer and an Extended Kalman Filter. The estimated force is used in a force controller with an inner position controller. The fact that the estimated external force (contact force) can be estimated to an accuracy of ±0.3N, and that it can be used for direct force control algorithms is shown.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vitalism and the Metaphysics of Life

Abstract I examine a series of definitions, defences and rejections of early modern vitalism. This yields a broad distinction between more or less metaphysically committed forms of vitalism. Given the plurivocity of the term, I suggest that we restrict the term ‘vitalist’ to thinkers who are actively concerned with the distinction between life and non-life (whether or not they substantialize this distinction), with special reference to the case of eighteenth-century Montpellier vitalism – where the term was first explicitly used. Further, I discuss the association of vitalism with a (potentially problematic) metaphysics of life as partly a polemical construct – which is internal to the process of defining projects and programs in life science, where one vital(istical)ly oriented author will, almost desperately, seek to brand a predecessor or a rival as a vitalist in order to legitimize her own apparently more ‘experimental’ brand of organicism. But perhaps metaphysics is endemic to vitalism?

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Detecting rare haplotype association with two correlated phenotypes of binary and continuous types

Abstract Multiple correlated traits/phenotypes are often collected in genetic association studies and they may share a common genetic mechanism. Joint analysis of correlated phenotypes has well‐known advantages over one‐at‐a‐time analysis including gain in power and better understanding of genetic etiology. However, when the phenotypes are of discordant types such as binary and continuous, the joint modeling is more challenging. Another research area of current interest is discovery of rare genetic variants. Currently there is no method available for detecting association of rare (or common) haplotypes with multiple discordant phenotypes jointly. Our goal is to fill this gap specifically for two discordant phenotypes. We consider a rare haplotype association method for a binary phenotype, logistic Bayesian LASSO (univariate LBL) and its extension for two correlated binary phenotypes (bivariate LBL‐2B). Under this framework, we propose a haplotype association test with binary and continuous phenotypes jointly (bivariate LBL‐BC). Specifically, we use a latent variable to induce correlation between the two phenotypes. We carry out extensive simulations to investigate bivariate LBL‐BC and compare it with univariate LBL and bivariate LBL‐2B. In most settings, bivariate LBL‐BC performs the best. In only two situations, bivariate LBL‐BC has similar performance—when the two phenotypes are (1) weakly or not correlated and the target haplotype affects the binary phenotype only and (2) strongly positively correlated and the target haplotype affects both phenotypes in positive direction. Finally, we apply the method to a data set on lung cancer and nicotine dependence and detect several haplotypes including a rare one.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluorescent 2′-Deoxyuridine (dU) Analogue: Tropolonyl triazolyl-dU (tt-dU) Exhibits Solvatochromism/HeLa Cell Internalization and Its Triphosphate (tt-dUTP) Is Incorporated into DNA Enzymatically

Abstract This era has witnessed the development and extensive application of modified nucleosides, including fluorescent nucleosides that clinically served humankind. Most fluorescent nucleoside analogues are derived from benzenoid aromatic scaffolds. However, the non-benzenoid aromatic moiety, tropolone, which exhibits unique hydrogen bonding and metal chelating properties, also occurs in nature. Recently, we introduced the tropolone unit at deoxyuridine through an ethyne linker and prepared its DNA analogues, which are fluorescent. This report describes the synthesis of a new troponyl triazolyl-dU (tt-dU) analogue, possessing a triazolyl linker, through click chemistry. tt-dU exhibits fluorescence with solvatochromism and enters into Hela cells without any cytotoxicity. Its triphosphate (tt-dUTP) was also synthesized and incorporated enzymatically into DNA, as shown in primer extension experiments. The unique photophysical properties and metal-chelating ability of the tropolone group make tt-dU a promising modified nucleoside.

Topic: Click Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Not Normally Manned Platform Development Concepts

ABSTRACT A method for the evaluation of unmanned oil and gas development concepts is presented. Production – average and variability – is calculated to capture development concept revenue risks; manning logistics to prove operability and quantify OPEX. The life cycle simulation method accounts for equipment reliability, maintenance logistics, and operational constraints such as CSON 58.1

Topic: Technology Assessment and Management
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kickass Companies: Leveraging business models with great leadership

This paper is based on a study of 755 Danish SMEs and further in-depth case studies of 12 of these. Its objective was to identify a model of components and relationships among the very best, most efficient, high-performing SMEs. We call these Kickass Companies. The result is a model made up of six interrelated dimensions, which together illustrate what makes up a Kickass Company: • You need willpower • You need to be there for your customers • You strive to be the best • Success is a “we thing” • You need to be able to accelerate • Use motivating KPIs Following these six dimensions might not be a guarantee of success, and not all components will be implementable in all types of companies. However, the empirical evidence here suggests that, if companies think along these lines of doing business, their probability of success will be higher than otherwise.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for locally advanced unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with particularly high incidence rates in India and Tamil Nadu. Locally advanced, unresectable HNSCC presents a significant therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to assess the immediate loco-regional response rates following treatment with hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin, as well as to evaluate acute toxicity and prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 patients with biopsy-confirmed stage III or IV unresectable HNSCC. All patients received hyperfractionated radiotherapy (72 Gy in 120 cGy per fraction, twice daily) concurrently with weekly paclitaxel (40 mg/m²) and carboplatin (AUC = 1). Supportive care included nutritional support, smoking cessation counseling, and dental care. Treatment response was assessed using CT scans and RECIST criteria. Results: The study observed favorable loco-regional control, with most patients achieving either partial or complete responses. Acute toxicity was manageable, with mucositis, xerostomia, and dysphagia being the most frequently reported side effects. Tumor size and patient performance status were significant prognostic indicators of treatment response. Conclusion: Hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent paclitaxel and carboplatin demonstrates encouraging loco-regional control and acceptable toxicity in patients with locally advanced, unresectable HNSCC. These findings support its use as an effective therapeutic option; however, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these outcomes and refine treatment strategies.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Student-teachers as researchers: towards a professional development orientation in teacher education. Possibilities and limitations in the Greek university

In this paper we present and discuss the action research we conducted with the main purpose to investigate the proper ways to introduce action research to our student-teachers in the university so as to empower them in a lifelong professional development perspective. Although the obstacles we faced were many, it seemed possible and beneficial for our students to get involved in real action research projects in the framework of an undergraduate course. They had the chance to appreciate the theory and practice link, to investigate their implicit theory, to construct collective knowledge and to participate in reflective practices.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Validation of the English-language version of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale-improved (MESSi), and comparison with a measure of sleep inertia

The Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale-improved (MESSi) assesses three components of circadian functioning: Morning Affect (time to fully awaken), Eveningness (orientation/preference for evening activity), and Distinctness (amplitude of diurnal variations in functioning). Following the original German version, translations of the MESSi (including Spanish, Turkish, and Chinese) have been validated, but validity evidence for the English-language version has been lacking. The current study tested the factor structure, internal consistency, and predicted correlations of the English-language MESSi. A sample of 600 adults from an online recruitment platform (aged 18-78, mean = 41.31, <i>SD</i> = 13.149) completed an online survey including the MESSi, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ), and measures of personality and depressive symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis exactly reproduced the three-component structure of Morning Affect (MA), Eveningness, and Distinctness, with all items loading strongly on their respective component. Confirmatory factor analysis of this structure showed acceptable fit. The three subscales showed good internal consistency and replicated previously reported correlations with depressive symptoms, sleep inertia, sleep quality, and personality. Further factor analysis combining the items of the MESSi, rMEQ, and SIQ replicated a previously found seven-factor structure: Cognitive, Emotional, and Physiological sleep inertia (SI), Responses to SI (including one MA item); Duration of SI (one SIQ item, 3/5 MA items); Morningness-Eveningness (MESSi Eveningness items, plus 3/5 rMEQ items); Distinctness (5/5 MESSi items). In conclusion, the English-language MESSi shows sound psychometric properties, but Morning Affect may be more suitably characterised as a measure of sleep inertia duration, rather than morningness preference.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
INTERACTION OF CAMPTOTHECIN WITH HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN DETERMINED BY FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY SPECTROSCOPY.

The study can be useful for understanding the interaction of camptothecin with human serum albu- min. There are two forms of camptothecin (the carboxylate form (CPT-C) and the lactone form (CPT-L)) but only the lactone one is pharmacologically active. It was reported earlier that in the presence of HSA, the active lactone form of camptothecin changes to inactive carboxylate form and it reduces the antitumor activities of camptothecin. However, those studies were performed at physiological pH (7.4) and with non-oxidized and non-glycosylated albumin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress, glycosylation, pH changes and competitor drugs on inactivation of lactone form of camptothecin in albumin solution using measurements of fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy. It was tried to prove that in vivo camptothecin may be present in higher amount in lactone form than previously thought. Due to a reduction of pH value, a decreased rate of hydrolysis from CPT-L to CPT-C was observed. It was found in vitro a significant reduction in bound fraction of CPT-C to HSA oxidized by chloramine T or glycosylated by glucose. Moreover, as a result of block- ing binding of CPT-C to HSA by competitive compound (flurbiprofen), a decrease in the fluorescence anisotropy of the HSA-CPT complex was found. This study opens the way to review an application of CPT and its derivatives in therapy.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Targeting Osteoblast‐Osteoclast Cross‐Talk Bone Homeostasis Repair Microcarriers Promotes Intervertebral Fusion in Osteoporotic Rats

Abstract Balancing osteoblast‐osteoclast (OB‐OC) cross‐talk is crucial for restoring bone tissue structure and function. Current clinical drugs targeting either osteogenesis or osteoclastogenesis fail to effectively regulate cross‐talk, impeding efficient bone repair in osteoporosis patients. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 26 (USP26) is shown to coordinate OB‐OC cross‐talk by independently regulating β‐catenin and Iκb‐α. However, effective drugs for activating USP26 are still lacking. Here, they constructed bone homeostasis repair microcarriers (BHRC) that encapsulate Usp26 mRNA‐loaded lipid nanoparticles (mRNA@LNP) within MMPs‐responsive GelMA hydrogel microspheres. These microcarriers target the osteoporotic microenvironment and regulate OB‐OC cross‐talk, thereby facilitating intervertebral fusion in osteoporotic rats. Results demonstrate that mRNA@LNP exhibits uniform particle size and high transfection efficiency, while GelMA hydrogel microspheres possess excellent biocompatibility and MMP responsiveness, providing favorable cell survival space and controllable release of mRNA@LNP. The released LNP upregulates USP26 protein expression, effectively promoting osteogenesis while suppressing osteoclast formation. In vivo experiments show that injecting BHRC into the defect site of intervertebral discs in osteoporotic rats significantly promotes tail vertebrae fusion by responding to the microenvironment and regulating cell‐to‐cell cross‐talk. Thus, the BHRC holds great potential in regulating osteoporotic homeostasis, particularly in challenging bone defects such as intervertebral fusion in osteoporotic environments.

Topic: Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences