jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Designing liquefaction and saccharification processes of highly concentrated starch slurry: Challenges and recent advances

Abstract Starch‐based sugars are an important group of starch derivatives used in food, medicine, chemistry, and other fields. The production of starch sugars involves starch liquefaction and saccharification processes. The production cost of starch sugars can be reduced by increasing the initial concentration of starch slurry. However, the usage of the highly concentrated starch slurry is characterized by challenges such as low reaction efficiency and poor product performance during the liquefaction and saccharification processes. In this study, we endeavored to provide a reference guide for improving high‐concentration starch sugar production. Thus, we reviewed the effects of substrate concentration on the starch sugar production process and summarized several potential strategies. These regulation strategies, such as physical field pretreatment, complex enzyme‐assisted, and temperature control, can significantly increase the starch concentration and mitigate the challenges of using highly concentrated starch slurry. We believe that highly concentrated starch sugar production will achieve a qualitative leap in the future. This review provides theoretical guidance and highlights the importance of high concentration in starch‐based sugar production. Further studies are needed to explore the fine structure and enzyme attack mode during the liquefaction and saccharification processes to regulate the production of more targeted products.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nurses’ willingness and readiness to report for duty in a disaster

Inadequate healthcare workforce during a disaster affects the survival and health outcome of victims. During disaster strikes, nurses may face a dilemma regarding whether or not to report for duty, facing professional duty and their personal and/or family safety that may be at stake. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study seeks for a better understanding of the factors affecting nurses’ willingness and readiness to report for duty in a disaster. A total of 269 currently practicing registered nurses completed the questionnaire. Results showed that only 68.7 percent and 53.2 percent of nurses were willing to report to work during a disaster. Male nurses were more likely to report to work than females during disaster (p = 0.007) and infection outbreak (p = 0.002) situations. Nurses with young children were less likely to report to work during an infectious disease outbreak (34.5 percent vs 55.4 percent, p = 0.033). It is concluded that about one-third of nurses indicated that they would not report to work when a disaster strikes. This raises a warning signal for healthcare managers that they need to plan ahead to maintain an adequate workforce when disasters strike. Managers are urged to do more to understand the factors leading to nurses’ unwillingness to report to work and to undertake realistic staffing planning to cope with the extra demand.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
National Flood Insurance Program: Background, Challenges, and Financial Status

In 1968, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to address the increasing costs of taxpayer-funded disaster relief for flood victims and the increasing amount of damage caused by floods. This report provides an analysis of the NFIP and its financial status; summarizes the major challenges facing the program, including issues affecting its long-term financial solvency; presents some alternative approaches for managing and financing the flood losses; and describes pending legislation on this issue.

Topic: Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership
Subfield: Issues, ethics and legal aspects
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic and epigenetic silencing of mircoRNA-506-3p enhances COTL1 oncogene expression to foster non-small lung cancer progression

Although previous studies suggested that microRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p) was frequently downregulated, and functioned as a tumor suppressor in several cancers, the biological role and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of miR-506-3p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain elusive. The present study found miR-506-3p expression was downregulated in advanced NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The expression of miR-506-3p in NSCLC was inversely correlated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. In addition, we also found patients with lower expression of miR-506-3p had a poor prognosis than those patients with higher expression of miR-506-3p. Function studies demonstrated that aberrant miR-506-3p expression modulates tumor cell growth, cell mobility, cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations manifested that coactosin-like protein 1 (COTL1) was a direct downstream target of miR-506-3p. Knockdown of COTL1 mimicked the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-506-3p overexpression in A549 cells, whereas COTL1 overexpression enhanced the tumorigenic function in HCC827 cells. Importantly, we also found GATA3 transcriptionally actives miR-506-3p expression, and the long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) exerts oncogenic function in NSCLC by competitively 'sponging' miRNA-506. Together, our combined results elucidated genetic and epigenetic silencing of miR-506-3p enhances COTL1 oncogene expression to foster NSCLC progression.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Continuos and intervalic training on cardiovascular fitness in sedentary women

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if the intervallic exercise near to the maximum of intensity in a similar fitness population and in women is more effective to improve aerobic capacity than the continuous one of smaller intensity. In order to do it, ten healthy women between 18 and 25 years habitual inhabitants of Bogotá city (located at 2600masl) were selected. They signed the informed consent and were divided randomly in two groups of five participants. They were undergoing to two traditional types of training of ten weeks, three times per week, one hour of duration every day. The continuous training group (Group 1) had a VO2peak intensity of 60%; for his part, the intervallic training group (Group 2) had five sessions of ten minutes of exercise at 70% of VO2peak and 90 seconds of recovery between each session. It was possible to demonstrate that, although the Cardiac Frequency (CF) average of group 2 participants during the exercise sessions were always over those of group 1, this difference was not statistically significant. In the same way, the basal CF and the recovery CF, as well as the VO2peak, did not have significant differences between both groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure average, as well as the Respiratory Frequency (FR) were always superior in group 2, and these differences were really significant. It was possible to conclude that there is not a significant difference in cardiovascular fitness between sedentary young women, after 10 weeks of two traditional types of aerobic training, one 60% continuous and other one 70% intervalic.

Topic: Health and Lifestyle Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A survey of the use of psychopharmaceuticals in patients admitted to a university hospital for adults Encuesta sobre el uso de psicofármacos en pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de adultos.

We performed a survey concerning the use of psychotropic drugs among 223 patients admitted to a university hospital in November 1986. 39% of patients were receiving some psychotropic drug, and 73% of these corresponded to benzodiazepines. Insomnia and anxiety were reported as the main causes for drug use. Patients above age 50 were most affected. 61% of drugs had been in use for more than 6 months. These results confirm previous findings regarding psychotropic drug use in adults.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement

Preface 1. Texture, Viscosity and Food 2. Texture-Body Interactions 3. Physics and Texture 4. Principles of Objective Texture Measurement 5. Practise of Objective Texture Measurement 6. Viscosity Measurement 7. Sensory Methods of Texture and Viscosity Measurement 8. Correlation Between Physical Measurements and Sensory Assessments of Texture and Viscosity 9. Selection of a Suitable Test Procedure i. Appendix I - Suppliers of Texture and Viscosity Measuring Instruments Appendix II - Effect of Temperature on Texture Measurements Appendix III - Conditions of Testing Foods using the TA.XT2 Texture Analyser References Index

Topic: Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on Circular Cascades for Return Channels of Centrifugal Turbomachinery : 2nd Report, Flow and Performance of Cascade

Flows and performances of the cascade designed in the 1st Report were examined experimentally. The main results are as follows. (1) The flow pattern through the cascade is very complicated owing to the interference between the secondary flow on the end wall and the flow separation on the vane surface. (2) The pressure on the suction surface recovers slightly even in the region of separation, owing to the secondary flow. (3) The outlet flow turns into the radial direction near the design point, as expected in the cascade design. (4) The minimum flow-loss is given at a small positive incidence angle, and the mixing loss downstream of the cascade is considerable.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pass Evaluation in Women's Olympic Ice Hockey

Much of modern sports analytics is based on player and ball tracking data. Such data are mostly collected using wearable devices or an array of carefully located cameras and detectors. Many teams do not have such a luxury, especially in undervalued sports such a women's ice hockey; of those that do, the data are not typically publicly available. Recent developments in computer vision have allowed for the collection of tracking data directly from widely available broadcast video. Using event and tracking data collected directly from broadcast video during the elimination round games of the 2022 Winter Olympics, we create a framework for evaluating passing in women's ice hockey. We begin with physics-based motion models for both players and the puck, which we use to develop a model for probabilistic passing. Next, we model the rink control for each team and the scoring probability of the offensive team. These models are then combined into novel metrics for quantifying the various aspects of any single pass. By looking at the entire corpus of plays, we create several summary metrics describing players' risk-reward tendencies, and overall passing ability. All of our metrics can be presented graphically, allowing for easy adaptation by coaches, players, scouts, and other front-office personnel.

Topic: Sports Analytics and Performance
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
THE PROBLEM OF READINESS OF FUTURE SOCIAL EMPLOYEES FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY

The article examines the problem of the readiness of future social workers for research activities. It is established that in the pedagogical theory and practice there are no coherent researches of essential characteristics and structure of readiness of social workers for carrying out scientific researches. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and content structure of the readiness of social workers for scientific research activities. Methods of research used: analysis of scientific literature, systematization (for clarification of key concepts of research), generalization (in order to formulate author's conclusions). The scientific approaches to understanding the concept of readiness of a specialist to a certain type of activity - personal and functional are analyzed. It was established that the readiness of the future social worker for research activities is an integral system of professional and personal qualities of a specialist, a solid theoretical and methodological knowledge and research skills, an active personal position in the process of realization of research roles, which is expressed through a positive and conscious attitude to the scientific-research as a component of professionalism. The range of qualities that a social worker must possess: professional competence from a wide range of social problems, high level of general education and culture, knowledge of the related scientific fields, kindness, love for people, sincerity, kindness, sensitivity, mercy, empathy, sociability, flexibility, the ability to support the others and to stimulate them for the development of their own forces, organizational skills, etc. Motivational-value, cognitive, activity and emotional-volitional components are determined in the structure of readiness of social workers for research activities. The motivational-value component implies the presence of interest in SRA (scientific-research activity) in the process of solving professional problems, the desire to deepen scientific research knowledge, and the attitude towards the SRA (scientific-research activity) as a value. The cognitive component defines knowledge of the theory and methodology of scientific knowledge, interdisciplinary research methods. Activity component involves the formation of a number of research skills; emotional-volitional - a sense of intellectual satisfaction from SRA (scientific-research activity), emotional stability, persistence, responsibility, organization, ability to self-reflection.

Topic: Economic Issues in Ukraine
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Follicle-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenoma: a rare cause of abnormal menstrual cycles in a teenage girl

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Real world outcomes of patients treated with tarlatamab in extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

e20120 Background: In May 2024, the FDA approved tarlatamab, a Delta-like ligand (DLL3)/CD3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager, for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression following platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other prior line of therapy. We aim to evaluate the real-world outcomes of agent. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-site single center analysis of adult patients who received tarlatamab at Mayo clinic sites including Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Data analysis was performed with Blue Sky statistics version 10.4. Results: Twenty patients with a median age 67 years (range 43-76) were included. Patients were predominantly women (55%) and all had a history of tobacco use. Metastatic disease commonly involved liver (55%) and CNS (60%). Majority (90%) had received prior PDL-1 therapy. 25% (5/20) of patients received prior gamma knife and in addition 10% (2/20) received whole brain radiation treatment in our cohort. Median time from CNS radiation and tarlatamab initiation was 4 months (range 3-28). Other characteristics, outcomes, and toxicity are presented in Table 1. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) Grade (G) 1 was observed in 45% patients. G 2, 3 and 4 CRS were observed in 5% patients respectively. G 1 CRS was managed with acetaminophen initially followed dexamethasone 10mg or methylprednisone 1g if no improvement in 24 hours. Tocilizumab was used 20% patients for G 1,2,3 and 4 CRS depending on clinical course. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) G 1 occurred in 10% patients, followed by G 2 in 15% and G 3 in 5% patients. ICANS was managed in a multidisciplinary fashion. All patients had resolution of CRS and ICANS. Conclusions: In this study investigating the real-world outcomes and toxicity of tarlatamab, a higher incidence of ICANS was observed than that reported in the DeLLphi-301 trial. The association between presence of CNS metastatic disease, prior CNS radiation and incidence of ICANS needs to be explored further. Mayo Clinic report of tarlatamab real world outcomes and toxicity. Patient Characteristics, Tarlatamab Outcomes and Toxicity Mayo Clinic Report DeLLphi-301 trial- Part 1 &amp; 2 DeLLphi-301 trial- Part 3 ECOG no. (%) 2-4 4 (20) 0 (0) 0 (0) Metastatic Disease no.(%) 19 (95) 98 (98) 32 (94) Median no. of previous lines of therapy (range) 3 (2-4) 2 (1-6) 2 (2-6) Objective Response (%) 30% 40% CRS no (%) 12 (60) 49 (49) 19 (56) ICANS no (%) 6 (30) 7 (7) 4 (12) Neutropenia Grade 3 no (%) 2 (10) 6 (6) 2 (6) Fatal CRS, ICANS or Neutropenia 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Topic: Lung Cancer Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Particle Swarm Optimization with spanning tree representation for Ising spin glasses

Spin glasses are magnetic materials with strong disorder. Their unique properties assure them a central role in Statistical Physics, with applications that outreach many other important fields. Finding the ground state of an Ising spin glass is a highly multi-modal optimization problem, proved equivalent to the problem of finding the minimum weight cut in a graph. The states of a spin glass can be represented in terms of spins or bonds. Bond-based representations benefit from the symmetry properties of spin glasses, but require more memory due to the larger number of bonds. To tackle this issue, we introduced in our previous research a bond-based representation defined on spanning trees. A genetic algorithm (GA) using this representation (and special genetic operators) provided very good results for large problem instances (up to 125 spins). In this paper we continue this research. First, we describe how Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be used to search ground states using the classical spin-based representation. Next, we present how the spanning tree representation can be used with PSO. Finally, we perform a comparative study of the performances of GAs and PSO with spin-based and bond-based representation on systems larger than before (up to 2500 spins).

Topic: Theoretical and Computational Physics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
1004925.pdf

The present volume is the first in a series of monographs dedicated to the results achieved by AcrossBorders, a European Research Council Project (Austrian Academy of Sciences and Ludwig Maximilian University Munich). With its so-called Egyptian temple town and adjacent pyramid cemeteries, Sai Island is one of the prime examples for settlement policy of New Kingdom Egypt (c. 1530–1070 BC) in Upper Nubia (northern Sudan) and is the focus of this project. New fieldwork and multi-layered research conducted by the AcrossBorders project has provided fresh insights on living conditions in New Kingdom Nubia in direct comparison with Egypt.&#13;\nThis volume is dedicated to SAV1 North, the sector situated along the northern enclosure wall. It was excavated between 2008 and 2012 by the Sai Island Archaeological Mission and processed within the framework of AcrossBorders. The principal focus of the book is the physical remains of SAV1 North: the architecture and material culture, with emphasis on the pottery and small finds. &#13;\nDatable to the mid to late 18th Dynasty, the building phase labelled as Level 3 was the heyday of sector SAV1 North – a time well-attested by several architectural remains with associated finds and pottery, which are all presented in the volume. A summary of thoughts on possible hints about the lifestyle and activities at SAV1 North preserved in the material remains completes AcrossBorders I. All in all, the evidence from SAV1 North underlines the important role Sai plays in understanding settlement patterns in New Kingdom Nubia.

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of speaking fundamental frequency in English and Mandarin

To determine if the speaking fundamental frequency (F0) profiles of English and Mandarin differ, a variety of voice samples from male and female speakers were compared. The two languages’ F0 profiles were sometimes found to differ, but these differences depended on the particular speech samples being compared. Most notably, the physiological F0 ranges of the speakers, determined from tone sweeps, hardly differed between the two languages, indicating that the English and Mandarin speakers’ voices are comparable. Their use of F0 in single-word utterances was, however, quite different, with the Mandarin speakers having higher maximums and means, and larger ranges, even when only the Mandarin high falling tone was compared with English. In contrast, for a prose passage, the two languages were more similar, differing only in the mean F0, Mandarin again being higher. The study thus contributes to the growing literature showing that languages can differ in their F0 profile, but highlights the fact that the choice of speech materials to compare can be critical.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Stabilization of electrical sensing properties of carbon fiber sensors using pre-tensioning approach

Owing to fabrication defects in carbon fiber (CF) tows, the unevenness of fiber roves, such as local bends, misalignments, and skewness, results in irregular distribution of the electrical resistance in the transverse direction along the gauge length of a sensor, which affects its performance. In this study, a pre-tension approach was developed according to the creep mechanism of composites to straighten the CFs. In addition, the resin relaxation was controlled by tensioning the fibers during and after hardening of the epoxy resin using a double-tension method to enhance the electrical sensing properties of long gauge carbon fiber line (CFL) strain sensors. Different levels of sustained tensile stresses were studied to obtain the optimal tensile stress level both during and after hardening to be applied in the double-tension method. The results of static and dynamic tests showed that the double-tension technique could significantly straighten the fibers, and stabilize the transverse connections of CFL sensors in the case of tensioning the fibers during and after hardening under a sustained stress of 60% of the ultimate tensile stress of the CFs. The proposed double-tension method was utilized to improve the response of the CFL sensors with short gauge lengths.

Topic: Smart Materials for Construction
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences