jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is all communication created equal?: an investigation into the effects of communication mode on perceived information quality

Enhancing communication between functions is crucial to successful product development and management. Previous work in the product innovation management literature has made two implicit assumptions. First, that increasing the frequency of information dissemination from one function to the other always improves the perceived quality of the information received. The second assumption is that all types of interfunctional communication carry equal weight in the decision-making process of the target of that communication. The current study develops a typology of communication modes, which suggests a rationale for why these assumptions may not be true. The empirical findings of the study, based on a survey of 504 nonmarketing managers indicate that the relationship between total communication frequency and perceived information quality (PIQ) is nonlinear. Specifically, the study finds that marketing managers can either communicate too little or too much with nonmarketing managers. If they interact too infrequently, they run the risk of not understanding the way to most effectively communicate market information. If they communicate too much, they may overload the manager with too much information and erode the overall quality of the information sent. In addition, some modes of communication are more effective in improving perceptions of the quality of market information. For instance, regular e-mail sent by marketing managers seems to have no effect on perceived information quality. On the other hand, e-mail sent with supporting documentation can have a strong positive effect on perceived information quality. Impromptu phone calls by marketing have less positive effects than scheduled phone calls. Interestingly, too much of the wrong types of communication actually seem to reduce perceptions of perceived information quality, and consequently the likelihood that market information will be used. The study also suggests that certain kinds of communication are better for manufacturing managers and others more effective in sharing information with R&D managers. For instance, disseminating information through written reports seems to reduce perceived information quality. This is particularly true for R&D managers. On the other hand too many meetings can reduce perceptions of PIQ, particularly on the part of manufacturing managers. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSER TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI BRAND CREDIBILITY

This study aims to determine the effect of celebrity endorser on purchase intentions with variables brand crediility as mediators. The sample used in this study is 125 respondents who are people have watched Yamaha Nmax ads in Banda Aceh. Purposive Sampling is used as a sampling technique. Partial Least Square analysis method is used as an analytical method to determine the effect of the variables involved. The results of this study indicate that Celebrity Endorser effect on Purchase Intention. Celebrity Endorser affects brand credibility. In addition, the results obtained that the brand credibility variable acts as a full mediation on the celebrity endorser variable to purchase Intention. And brand credibilty effect on purcahase intention. The higher the effect of perceived celebrity endorser, the higher the brand credibility of Yamaha Nmax product, the stronger the purchase intention is owned by the consumer. Keyword:  Celebrity Endorser, Brand Credibility, Purchase Intention, Yamaha Nmax.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS INDUCED IN RABBITS BY IMMUNOLOGICAL MEANS

Fujimoto(1963)の方法に準拠し, 病原微生物を用いることなく, 免疫学的な方法による実験的腎盂腎炎の作成を試みた.ウシ血清アルブミン(以下BSAと略す)感作ウサギの一側腎盂内に同一抗原を惹起注入し, 更に1カ月の間隔をおいて再度の惹起注入を行ない, それぞれ最終惹起注入後3日より10週の期間にわたって, 病理形態学的検索を加えた.1回惹起注入群では, 腎盂腎炎の発生の当初からそれが陳旧化するまでの基本的な病理過程を明らかにすることができた. また2回惹起注入群では, この様な病理過程の再発により腎盂腎炎のひろがり, 新旧病変の混在, 尿細管上皮等の傷害という点で, 1回惹起注入群よりは顕著な再発性のさらに長期にわたる腎盂腎炎の発生が見られた. 腎盂炎の腎組織内波及にあたってリンパ行性の経路によるそれが重要な意義をもつことを示唆する所見も得られた.

Topic: Infant Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Data files - Pore size and counterion effects on ionic transport of ZnSO₄ electrolyte in carbon slit pores via molecular dynamics

This repository contains the input files and selected output data from molecular dynamics simulations performed to study ion transport in ZnSO₄-based electrolytes and slit-shaped carbon nanopores. The simulations were performed to investigate the structure, dynamics, and transport behavior of Zn²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions under confinement and applied electric field, with relevance to electrochemical energy storage systems such as supercapacitors. The archive is organized into two main folders: Bulk Electrolyte Simulations:"bulk_electrolyte.tar" contains setup scripts and input files for generating and simulating ZnSO₄ aqueous electrolytes at different molar concentrations (0.5 M, 1 M, and 3 M). The workflow includes system preparation with Moltemplate, energy minimization, density adjustment, thermal equilibration, and production runs for evaluating viscosity and diffusion using Green–Kubo and MSD analysis. For more information about the content of each subfolder, see the internal README.txt file. Slit Pore Simulations:"carbon_slit_pores.tar" contains input files for non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a 3 M aqueous ZnSO₄ electrolyte flowing through slit-shaped nanopores under an external constant electric field. Each folder corresponds to a specific pore size, expressed in Angstroms, and includes system configuration files, LAMMPS run scripts, trajectory outputs, and restart files. Only one replica per pore size is included due to memory constraints. For more information about the content of each subfolder, see the internal README.txt file. All simulations were performed using LAMMPS. Input files and data are provided to ensure full reproducibility of the results discussed in the associated publication.

Topic: Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association between perceived olfactory dysfunction and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults: A prospective community-based study

Perceived olfactory dysfunction was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. Our study is limited by failure to include a national-representative sample and misclassification of exposure assessment due to use of a subjective question to assess olfactory dysfunction. Further studies with objective are warranted to replicate our findings and understand the underlying mechanisms.

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Leveraging longitudinal, multi‐site diffusion MRI data in conjunction with free‐water analysis to characterize patterns of white matter neurodegeneration in aging

Abstract Background Several prior studies have used diffusion MRI to investigate the relationship between white matter microstructure and aging; however, many of these studies used conventional diffusion MRI measures and single site data. The goal of the study is to leverage multi‐site harmonized diffusion MRI data in conjunction with a novel post‐processing technique [i.e., free‐water (FW) correction] to quantify the aging related tract‐specific changes in white matter microstructure. Method The dataset used in this study was collated using several well‐established longitudinal cohorts of aging [Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), Vanderbilt Memory &amp; Aging Project (VMAP)]. In total, this dataset included 1,909 participants (mean age at baseline: 72±9 years, 59% female) and 4,844 imaging sessions (mean number of visits: 4 ± 2 years, interval range: 1–12 years). Data was processed using standard approaches and uncorrected fractional anisotropy (FA U ) was quantified with seven white matter tractography atlases (see Figure 1A). Data was then post‐processed using the FW correction technique and FW and FW‐corrected FA (FA T ) values were quantified. Data were then harmonized using the ComBat technique and linear mixed‐effects regression was conducted on each microstructural measure, covarying for age at baseline, sex, cognitive status, education, APOE‐ ε4 carrier status, and APOE‐ ε2 carrier status. The effect of aging was modelled using an Age_at_Baseline x Interval interaction term. Result Age was associated with lower FA U in all seven tracts (p FDR range: 4.77x10 ‐10 to ‐0.01). In the FW analysis, age was associated with higher FW in all seven tracts (p FDR range: 7.81x10 ‐12 to 1.33x10 ‐6 ). For FA T , however, age was only associated with lower FA T in the limbic tracts (p FDR =0.024) in addition to the occipital (p FDR =1.19x10 ‐8 ), parietal (p FDR =2.32x10 ‐4 ), and prefrontal (p FDR =0.024) TC tracts. Figure 1B‐D illustrates our findings. Conclusion This study suggests that while there are global associations with FA U and age, these associations are attenuated once correcting for partial volume effects. Leveraging FW analysis, we found a global association with FW and age, whereby age is associated with higher FW. Further, we found that age is associated with reductions in FA T in the limbic and occipital/parietal/prefrontal TC tracts.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Melatonin Enhances the Low-Calcium Stress Tolerance by Regulating Brassinosteroids and Auxin Signals in Wax Gourd

In plants, calcium (Ca) serves as an essential nutrient and signaling molecule. Melatonin is a biologically active and multi-functional hormone that plays an important role in improving nutrient use efficiency. However, its involvement in plant responses to Ca deficiency remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess the effects of melatonin on Ca absorption, the antioxidant system, and root morphology under low-Ca (LCa) stress conditions, as well as to identify key regulatory factors and signaling pathways involved in these processes using transcriptome analysis. Under LCa conditions, wax gourd seedling exhibited significant decreases in Ca accumulation, showed inhibition of root growth, and demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative damage. However, melatonin application significantly enhanced Ca content in wax gourd seedlings, and it enhanced the absorption of Ca2+ in roots by upregulating Ca2+ channels and transport genes, including BhiCNGC17, BhiCNGC20, BhiECA1, BhiACA1, and BhiCAX1. Furthermore, the application of exogenous melatonin mitigated the root growth inhibition and oxidative damage caused by LCa stress. This was evidenced by increases in the root branch numbers, root tips, root surface area, and root volume, as well as enhanced root vitality and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as decreases in the reactive oxygen species content in melatonin treated plants. Transcriptome results revealed that melatonin mainly modulated the brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxin signaling pathway, which play essential roles in root differentiation, elongation, and stress adaptation. Specifically, melatonin increased the active BR levels by upregulating BR6ox (a BR biosynthesis gene) and downregulating BAS1 (BR degradation genes), thereby affecting the BR signaling pathway. Additionally, melatonin reduced IAA levels but activated the auxin signaling pathway, indicating that melatonin could directly stimulate the auxin signaling pathway via an IAA-independent mechanism. This study provides new insights into the role of melatonin in nutrient stress adaptation, offering a promising and sustainable approach to improve nutrient use efficiency in wax gourd and other crops.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The basic helix–loop–helix region of the transcriptional repressor hairy and enhancer of split 1 is preorganized to bind DNA

ABSTRACT Hairy and enhancer of split 1, one of the main downstream effectors in Notch signaling, is a transcriptional repressor of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family. Using nuclear magnetic resonance methods, we have determined the structure and dynamics of a recombinant protein, H1H, which includes an N‐terminal segment, b1, containing functionally important phosphorylation sites, the basic region b2, required for binding to DNA, and the HLH domain. We show that a proline residue in the sequence divides the protein in two parts, a flexible and disordered N‐terminal region including b1 and a structured, mainly helical region comprising b2 and the HLH domain. Binding of H1H to a double strand DNA oligonucleotide was monitored through the chemical shift perturbation of backbone amide resonances, and showed that the interaction surface involves not only the b2 segment but also several residues in the b1 and HLH regions. Proteins 2014; 82:537–545. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bloch-Wigner theorem over rings with many units II

In this article we prove a generalization of the Bloch-Wigner exact sequence over commutative rings with many units. When the ring is a domain, we get a generalization of Suslin's Bloch-Wigner exact sequence over infinite fields. Our proof is different and is easier, even in its general form. But nevertheless we use some of Suslin's results which relates the Bloch group of the ring to the third homology group of the general linear group of the ring. From there we take an easier path.

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tapetal-Delayed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Sterility of Aegilops uniaristata Cytoplasm in Wheat

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays a crucial role in the utilization of hybrid vigor. Pollen development is often accompanied by oxidative metabolism responses and tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), and deficiency in these processes could lead to male sterility. Aegilops uniaristata cytoplasmic male sterility (Mu-CMS) wheat is a novel male-sterile line in wheat, which possess important potential in hybrid wheat breeding. However, its CMS mechanisms remain poorly understood. In our study, U87B1-706A, with the Aegilops uniaristata cytoplasm, and the maintainer line 706B were used to explore the abortive reason. Compared with 706B, histological analysis and PCD detection of the anther demonstrated that U87B1-706A appeared as delayed tapetal PCD as well as a disorganized organelle phenotype in the early uninucleate stage. Subsequently, a shrunken microspore and disordered exine structure were exhibited in the late uninucleate stage. While the activities of antioxidase increased markedly, the nonenzymatic antioxidant contents declined obviously following overacummulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during pollen development in U87B1-706A. Real-time quantitative PCR testified that the transcript levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) genes, encoding pivotal antioxidant enzymes, were up-regulated in early pollen development. Therefore, we deduce excess ROS as a signal may be related to the increased expression levels of enzyme genes, thereby breaking the antioxidative system balance, resulting in delayed tapetal PCD initiation, which finally led to pollen abortion and male sterility in U87B1-706A. These results provide evidence to further explore the mechanisms of abortive pollen in CMS wheat.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Using EEG waveform complexity to characterize the progress of Alzheimer's disease

The measurement of electric-potential differences on the human scalp, also known as EEG, has regained a lot of interest in the scientific community throughout the last decade. Improved understanding of the origin of brain-oscillations and rapid progress in the fields of artifact removal and Discrete Time-Series (DTS) analysis have yielded new possibilities to use nonlinear methods in search of diagnostic biomarkers from EEG signals. For people suffering from Alzheimer-s Disease (AD) three common trends concerning the nature of EEG signals have been identified by a wide amount of research groups: a shift of the power spectrum to lower frequencies, a decreased complexity of the signal waveforms and altered synchrony between the EEG records. This thesis investigates the second trend, i. e. the irregularity or complexity of the EEG signals. The choice of methods reflects a selection of the most promising markers according to recent articles and reviews that used complexity based measures. The final implemented algorithms are based on the information theoretic concept of entropy and analyze the signals across multiple temporal scales. The main idea behind the approach is to consider the brain as a black box which - for each sampled timepoint - produces measurable outputs (electric voltages on the scalp) depending on the internal functional- and anatomical structure. Each EEG record is preprocessed to remove artifacts and split into 4s segments called epochs. The methods were applied to and averaged over the resulting DTS of all epochs, and compared between 19 electrodes of all 116 subjects from the PRODEM database classified as probable AD. Several biomarkers were extracted and their predictive strength evaluated by the correlation coefficient (coefficient of determination) of a linear (quadratic) regression model between marker values and the patients- Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE)3 scores. The results of different methods are consistent and confirm the observed trends mentioned above: patients with lower MMSE score and hence more severe AD tend to have less complex waveforms in their EEG records. However this trend is only observable at the original timescale of the signal, which reflects the irregularity between time-steps in the order of the inverse sampling frequency (4ms). With a comparatively big study cohort, this thesis clearly demonstrates the limits of complexity based measures since they show weak trends for the original- and no trends for bigger temporal scales. The main reason for their shortcoming is the high intra-subject variability between epochs of a single patient.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficient Gate Capacitance and Current Modeling of High-k Gate Stacks

Computationally efficient and accurate physically-based self-consistent compact models of CMOS gate-capacitance (Cg-Vg) and gate-current (Ig-Vg) for both ultra-thin SiO2 and high-k gate-stacks down to ~ 0.5 nm EOT are reviewed. The compact model produces results comparable to those obtained via computationally intense simulators. A modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has been used in combination with these models to provide an efficient material and device parameter extraction capability. In a few seconds, parameters such as effective oxide thickness, surface substrate doping concentrations, flat-band voltages and poly-Si doping concentrations can be obtained from measured Cg-Vg, and physical thicknesses, band offsets, dielectric constants and tunneling masses for the gate-dielectrics can be extracted from measured Ig-Vg.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gaussian Logarithms and Navigation

The following comments on Captain C. H. Cotter's note (this Journal , Vol. 24, page 569) on the use of addition and subtraction logarithms in navigation may be of interest. Captain C. Carić was not the first to introduce gaussian logarithms to navigators, since their use was advocated, at least to Portuguese navigators, in 1920 by Admiral Gago Coutinho (see my review of Precision Astrolabe by Francis M. Rogers, 25 , 135), and actually used by him on his pioneering transatlantic flight in 1922. They are included in several collections of nautical tables, including Tábuas Náuticas by Fontoura and Coutinho, as well as those of Friocourt and Hoüel; but I have been unable to obtain the dates of their first inclusion. However, it is most unlikely that either Coutinho or Carić, who incidentally used quite different basic formulae, were the first to advocate the use of addition and subtraction logarithms, or possibly to publish methods and tables. They were in use to a small extent in astronomical calculations, and to a somewhat larger extent in surveying. Dr. L. J. Comrie, the computer and table-maker, who was Superintendent of H.M. Nautical Almanac Office (N.A.O.) from 1930 to 1936, was an enthusiastic advocate and designed many computational forms incorporating their use.

Topic: Historical Geography and Cartography
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
New Directions in the Privatisation Debate?

The privatisation debate within criminal justice appears to have taken a new turn over the past few months. The original focus of the debate has shifted, new objectives have been promoted and there has been a noticeable change of emphasis away from profit maximisation towards enhanced flexibility and efficiency. In the process, the debate has become more sophisticated and complex and is no longer trapped within a crude state-market. dichotomy. Roger Matthews of Middlesex Polytechnic Criminology Centre argues that there is nothing inherently negative about privatisation and suggests that it may offer vigorous new potential within the penal system.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microsatellite accumulation on the Y chromosome in<i>Silene latifolia</i>

The dioecious plant Silene latifolia possesses evolutionarily young sex chromosomes, and so serves as a model system to study the early stages of sex chromosome evolution. Sex chromosomes often differ distinctly from autosomes in both their structure and their patterns of evolution. The S. latifolia Y chromosome is particularly unique owing to its large size, which contrasts with the size of smaller, degenerate mammalian Y chromosomes. It is thought that the suppression of recombination on the S. latifolia Y chromosome could have resulted in the accumulation of repetitive sequences that account for its large size. Here we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the chromosomal distribution of various microsatellites in S. latifolia including all possible mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotides. Our results demonstrate that a majority of microsatellites are accumulated on the q arm of the Y chromosome, which stopped recombining relatively recently and has had less time to accumulate repetitive DNA sequences compared with the p arm. Based on these results we can speculate that microsatellites have accumulated in regions that predate the genome expansion, supporting the view that the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences occurred prior to, not because of, the degeneration of genes.

Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences