jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Editor,—Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the most common cause of visual loss in giant cell arteritis (GCA). However, other presentations have been described including posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, choroidal ischaemia, retinal artery occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion, cilioretinal artery occlusion, and occipital cortex infarction.1 We present the first indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) findings in a case of GCA with simultaneous optic nerve and choroidal ischaemia.

### CASE REPORT

A 65 year old woman was admitted because of bilateral blindness. She had had complete, painless visual loss in her right eye 72 hours before admission followed 48 hours later by visual loss in the left. One week earlier …

Topic: Retinal and Optic Conditions
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Report: Controlling Clostridium Botulinum In Heat-Preserved Food

The purpose of this report is to explain, in easy to understand outline form, the basic principles of controlling Clostridium botulinum in heat-preserved food. There are three major parts to the story: (1) Truths regarding the Clostridium botulinum problem, (2) Controlling the Clostridium botulinum hazard; and (3) Estimating the probability of process failure. The later includes errors that may occur in the process design area and errors that may occur in the process delivery area. In the report, "Science, Practice and Human Errors in Controlling Clostridium botulinum in Heat-Preserved Food in Hermetic Containers," by Pflug, Irving J., Journal of Food Protection, 73(5):993-1002 (2010), the important story of Clostridium botulinum has been told in detail, but the important results have been hidden by the author's syntax. In this manuscript, "Controlling Clostridium botulinum in Heat-Preserved Food," we hope to make available the details of Clostridium botulinum control. The purpose of this report is to explain, in easy to understand, outline form, the basic principles of controlling Clostridium botulinum in heat-preserved food. Quite simply, there are three major aspects to Clostridium botulinum control: (1) Facts regarding the Clostridium botulinum organism and its spores; (2) How to control the Clostridium botulinum hazard; and (3) Estimating the probability of process failure.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
History of Economic Thought - Studies in the Classical Theories of Money. By Karl H. Niebyl. New York: Columbia University Press, 1946. Pp. xii, 190. $2.50.

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Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Sociodemographic profile, work practices, and disease awareness among stone mine workers having silicosis from Central Rajasthan

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Silicosis continues to pose an important health hazard among workers having occupational exposure to stone dust. Several studies have addressed clinical presentation, radiographic and pulmonary function abnormalities in workers with silicosis. This study was planned to analyze sociodemographic profile and awareness about several aspects of silicosis among the stone mine workers visiting our centre. Methods: A questionnaire was administered in a convenient sample of eligible subjects over six years period. The questionnaire was aimed to collect sociodemographic variables, like age, gender, educational status, residential background, smoking status etc., apart from information on work-related profile including protective measures taken. Also knowledge and attitude regarding silicosis was assessed. Silicosis awareness index was also calculated as per the response received. Results: Majority of the study subjects were male (96.6%) with rural background (98.5%). 54.1% subjects were in the age group of 30 to 50 years. 81.9% mine workers were illiterate. The common addictions observed among them included smoking (60%), tobacco chewing (34%), alcohol (20%) etc., Varying duration of work exposure was observed with more than 10 years in 63.4% and more than 20 years in 32.2% workers. The commonest work exposing them to stone dust was breaking stones by chisel and hammer (51%) followed by separation of stone slab (20%) and stone drilling (15%). 80.9% subjects were not aware of the term silicosis, more than 80% were not aware of the symptoms and causes of silicosis. Only one fifth subjects were having awareness of using protection against the disease. Overall awareness about silicosis was better among literate and youngers participants. Conclusions: Stone mining industry reflects male dominance, poor literacy, long working hours for many years, financial compulsion to start and continue the job and very poor awareness regarding the disease silicosis and importance of personal protection at workplace.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Use of a Commercial Textbook in English 1 Course at a University in South Korea

This study investigated the use of a commercial textbook in English 1 Course at a university in South Korea seen from the framework of a sound curriculum development. Thus, the use of a commercial textbook was analysed and evaluated in relation to elements of curriculum development, such as needs analysis, learning aims, syllabus, methodology, and materials, as well as assessments. It was found that the use of the textbook drove what were taught in the whole course and thus practically “functioned” as its syllabus. However, it was found that the textbook could not facilitate learners to achieve all of the learning aims of English 1 course and it contributed to a disparity of learners' achievements across different classes. Furthermore, the reading assessment, derived from the textbook, was unable to assess learners’ achievements in all of the learning aims of English 1 course. Thus, it is suggested that teachers form informal workshop groups among teachers where they can share problems they face in class and possible solutions on how to address them in areas within their control. Based on the results of the study as well as the limitations, some recommendations for future studies are also presented.Keywords: commercial textbook, English 1 Course, curriculum, syllabus

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Consistency of response on a semantic memory task in persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the test-retest response consistency rate on a semantic memory task in persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Ten mildly and 13 moderately impaired DAT subjects and 14 normal controls matched for age, years of education, and estimated IQ participated in this study. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was administered twice to each subject with a seven day inter-test interval. The mild and moderate DAT subjects responded inconsistently to significantly more PPVT items than normal controls. When the effects of guessing were considered, moderate DAT subjects gave significantly more inconsistent PPVT responses than normal controls and mild DAT subjects showed a trend towards giving more inconsistent responses. These results substantiate the conclusion that the impairment of specific conceptual knowledge in DAT subjects cannot be reliably measured with a single administration of a semantic memory task such as the PPVT.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigations into the use of a computer as an artistic medium

This thesis is based on the belief that science and art are not necessarily 'two cultures', but can be combined successfully as a result of their inescapable influences upon each other. A justification of this position is presented with emphasis on artistic investigations using the computer. The machine's merits are viewed not only as a means of mass communication or of producing pictures, but also as a potential modelbuilder for the formalization of aesthetic concepts . The work completed was concerned with the possibilities inherent in using computer plotted output to answer questions similar to those which an artist poses in manual drawings or paintings, particularly the question of 'readability of surface'. The answers to such questions are not unique but the purpose of the system was to find an answer using computer output. An account of the program parameters and methods used to produce the plotted drawings is given and the results discussed. A pilot investigation into the development of an interactive system for the purpose of examining basic Design concepts (the word design will, throughout the thesis, be capitalized when used to refer to the area of Fine Art known as Design) was begun and is outlined and discussed. Finally the thesis conclusions are brought forward and recommendations made for future developments. The work has fulfilled the expectations of the artist for stimulation from new alternatives and for generating a type of drawing that could not be produced by hand. The results are encouraging in their support of the interrelationship between science and art.

Topic: Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Inhibition of lysyl oxidase‑like 2 ameliorates folic acid‑induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is characterized by accumulation of the extracellular matrix in the interstitium. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase family, is known for promoting cancer metastasis, invasion and stromal fibrosis in various organs. Our previous study demonstrated expression of LOXL2 in kidney podocytes and tubular epithelial cells, and the association between elevated LOXL2 and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The present study evaluated the effect of LOXL2 inhibition using an inhibitory monoclonal antibody (AB0023) on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a folic acid-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis mouse model. The association of LOXL2 with epithelial-mesenchymal transformation-related molecules was also evaluated <i>in vitro</i> using HK-2 cells. The present data demonstrated that AB0023 prevented the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis significantly, as determined by trichrome and picro-sirius red staining, as well as the total collagen assay. The mean expression of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad4 was lower in the AB0023-treated group although it was not statistically significant. Following transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) challenge, LOXL2-deficient HK-2 cells exhibited significantly lower expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin than control HK-2 cells. In conclusion, LOXL2 inhibition ameliorates renal fibrosis through the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway.

Topic: Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical and histopathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer in the patients with acromegaly

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Secure and bandwidth-on-demand full-service access network

Summary form only given. We propose a secure and bandwidth-on-demand full-service access network that can be implemented with the existing hybrid fiber coaxial networks. Preliminary experimental results of half-duplex transmission with flexible bandwidth partitioning between upstream and downstream using integrated coherent transceivers are demonstrated.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Oversea outsourcing - making it work

The attractions of a supply source that could reduce unit costs by 80% are obvious. Not so obvious are the implications for the agility of the supply chain and the ability to maintain customer service performance. In considering transferring manufacturing to low cost regions, most assessments look at cost benefits and business transferability, but tend to overlook the issues created by an extended supply network. The characteristics of a network incorporating low cost supply sources can drive dramatic and unforeseen effects on business performance. Detailed, objective planning is essential if the unit cost savings are to translate into increased margins.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dispersion and Related Properties of Acid-Treated Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites using Electro-Micromechanical, Surface Wetting and Single Carbon Fiber Sensor Tests

Studies of dispersion and related properties, in carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, were conducted using electro-micromechanical and wettability tests. Specimens were prepared from neat epoxy as well as composites with untreated and acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT). The degree of dispersion and its standard deviation were evaluated by turbidity of the dispersing solution, as well as by volumetric electrical resistivity. Acetone was a better dispersing solvent than purified water and various acid treatments of the CNT also enhanced dispersion. Contact resistivity responded differently with dispersion degree. The apparent Young's modulus was higher for composites with acid treated CNT. The interfacial shear strength between a single carbon fiber and CNT/epoxy was lower than that between a single carbon fiber and neat epoxy. This difference is attributed to increased viscosity and decreased bonding availability in the matrix due to the added CNT. The optimum CNT treatment, for maximizing interfacial adhesion while maintaining good electrical conductivity was the sulfuric acid treatment. The CNT composites can also sense micro-damage in terms of the stepwise increments of electrical resistivity combined with acoustic emission.

Topic: Smart Materials for Construction
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of breast mammography and breast mammoscintigraphy (MSg) in evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer

Poster: ECR 2017 / C-0022 / Role of breast mammography and breast mammoscintigraphy (MSg) in evaluation of efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer by: Chernaia1, S. Kanaev2, S. N. Novikov3, P. Krivorotko4, A. S. Petrova2, Z. Briantseva4, P. Krzhivitskiy3; 1Saint-Peterburg/RU, 2Saint-Petersburg/RU, 3St Petersburg/RU, 4Saint Petersburg/RU

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Stepwise Treatment for Abnormally Invasive Placenta with Placenta Previa

Abstract Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder often causes a large amount of intraoperative bleeding in a short period which makes maternal circulation unstable and threatens life. As a countermeasure, two-stage surgery combined with selective uterine arterial embolization (UAE), named “stepwise treatment” was introduced in 2003. At a cesarean section (CS), only the baby is delivered and the placenta is left in situ. The transcatheter angiographic UAE is performed on the operation day, followed by the total hysterectomy on 5 to 7 days after CS. The difficulty in the operative procedures for hysterectomy and the amount of bleeding can be reduced by the added effect of the blood flow interruption by UAE and the uterine involution. Although there are not many indication cases, this is the prudent operation that should be considered for the most severe PAS case such as total placenta increta/percreta with placenta previa. In this article, the practical procedures and tips of stepwise treatment are described.

Topic: Maternal and fetal healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High Performance Execution of Prolog Programs Based on

Prolog programs are executed from left-to-right and top-to-bottom with backtracking to the most recently activated choice-point when a failure occurs. This execution strategy is based on a sequential execution model and has been implemented with modest efficiency in conventional computer systems [12,16]. In this thesis, two ways are explored to improve the performance of a Prolog system. The first way is a more intelligent form of backtracking. The second way is to exploit AND-parallel execution. Both intelligent backtracking and AND-parallel execution require information about the dependency between body literals. This information can be derived either at compile-time by using a static analysis or at run-time. Although a run-time analysis is more effective than a static (hence worst-case) analysis, it incurs a lot of overhead at run-time and is thus inefficient. Therefore, this thesis has emphasized the use of compile-time analysis to improve run-time performance. A methodology for a Static Data Dependency Analysis (SDDA) was developed. The SDDA is based on a worst-case analysis of variable bindings. To perform the SDDA, only one declaration, which describes the worst case activation, is necessary for each procedure which can be directly invoked from the top level query. This extra work can be handled quite easily by the programmer. The cost of doing the SDDA is shown to be comparable to the cost of compilation of a Prolog program. The outputs from the SDDA are a collection of data dependency graphs, one for each clause in a Prolog program. From data dependency graphs, both intelligent backtracking and AND-parallel execution can be determined. A scheme for compiling intelligent backtracking based on the SDDA has been designed. To take full advantage of dependency graphs, three different types of backtracking are differentiated. At run-time, when a subgoal fails, a backtrack literal can be determined by the type of the backtracking and its corresponding backtracking path. Execution including this intelligent backtracking is simulated for a sequential Prolog machine. It includes modifications of the hardware and the compiler. This scheme has been proved to be very effective for improving the execution of Prolog programs. A scheme to exploit AND-parallelism is also proposed. It includes generating parallel executable tasks by the SDDA, using a set of message protocols to coordinate co-operating processes, exploiting both intelligent backtracking and parallel backtracking. It is shown that Prolog has potential in parallel processing because of its procedural invocation, non-deterministic execution, concise syntax, single-assignment variable bindings, and local variable scoping.

Topic: Logic, programming, and type systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Intentional Distortion in Personality Measurement and evaluation of Suggested Palliatives

Two rational, a priori strategies for dealing with intentional distortion of self-descriptions were developed and evaluated according to their (a) impact on criterion-related validity, (b) effect on scale score means for the total group as well as women and minorities, and (c) impact on who specifically is hired. One strategy involves correcting an individual's content scale scores based on the individual's score on an Unlikely Virtues (UV) scale. A second strategy involves removing people from the applicant pool because their scores on an UV scale suggest they are presenting themselves in an overly favorable way. Incumbent and applicant data from three large studies were used to evaluate the two strategies. The data suggest that (a) neither strategy affects criterion-related validities, (b) both strategies produce applicant mean scores for content scales that are closer to incumbent mean scores, (c) men, women, Whites, and minorities are not differentially affected, and (d) both strategies result in a su...

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abrasion resistance of restorative glass-ionomer cements with a light-cured surface coating.

This is a comparative study of the Knoop hardness number and the toothbrush wear of a surface coating agent applied to the surface of a glass-ionomer restorative cement. A reduction in surface hardness of the coating agent resulted in an increase in brush wear. The light-cured glazing agent (Bellfeel Brightener) proved to be significantly harder than those coated with a light-cured bonding agent (Occlusin). Occlusin bonding agent was removed by comparatively rapid abrasion; however, the Bellfeel Brightener was significantly more resistant to such abrasion. The analysis of the surface hardness and scanning electron microscopy observations of the brushed surfaces of the samples suggested that Bellfeel Brightener was effective as a glazing material for glass-ionomer cement restorations.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
A deficiency in chromatin repair, genetic instability, and predisposition to cancer.

This review traces steps leading to malignant neoplastic transformation of rodent and human cells in culture and in vivo. Emphasis is placed on an abnormal response characterized by persistent chromatid damage following irradiation of cells in culture with X-rays or fluorescent light during G2 phase of the cell cycle. Evidence is presented that deficient or unbalanced DNA repair during G2 accounts for the abnormal response. This G2 repair deficiency can be inherited or acquired by normal tissue cells during the process of or following attainment of infinite lifespan. It appears as an early, possibly initiating step in neoplastic transformation. It characterizes all human tumor cells examined irrespective of histopathology or tissue of origin. It has a genetic basis. In an animal model, the BALB/c mouse, this phenotype is associated with genes on chromosomes 1 and 4. It characterizes skin fibroblasts and blood lymphocytes from individuals with genetic or familial conditions predisposing to cancer and can be used to identify clinically normal family members carrying a gene(s) for any one of the three cancer-prone genetic disorders studied to date. Furthermore, it can provide the basis of a test for carriers of genes predisposing to a high risk of cancer. We conclude that the G2 repair deficiency, whether inherited or acquired, is a prerequisite for cancer development and that it accounts for the genetic instability of the cancer cell.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences