jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis of Microinvasive Breast Cancer

<title>Abstract</title> Purpose We aimed to select patients who would benefit most from sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by investigating the characteristics and risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of microinvasive breast cancer (MIBC). Methods This retrospective study included 1,688 patients with MIBC who underwent breast surgery with axillary staging at the Asan Medical Center from 1995 to 2020. Results Most patients underwent SLNB alone (83.5%). Seventy (4.1%) patients were node-positive, and the majority had positive lymph nodes &lt; 10 mm, with micrometastasis occurring most frequently (n = 37, 55%). Node-positive patients were more likely to have undergone total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) compared to node-negative patients (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of ALNM included young age (OR = 0.960; 95% CI: 0.927–0.995; <italic>p</italic> = 0.023), ALND (OR = 5.285; 95% CI: 2.576–10.842; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), more number of harvested lymph nodes (OR = 1.194; 95% CI: 1.119–1.274; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 8.058; 95% CI: 2.750–23.354; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), multiple foci of microinvasion (OR = 2.953; 95% CI: 1.444–6.041; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003), and hormone receptor positivity (OR = 2.628; 95% CI: 1.293–5.342; <italic>p</italic> = 0.008). Conclusion A low ALNM rate of 4.1% suggested that routine SLNB for patients with MIBC is unnecessary; however, it can be valuable for selecting patients with specific risk factors. Alongside ongoing trials omitting SLNB in early breast cancer, further sub-analyses focusing on this rare population with MIBC are necessary.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Southern Brazilian City (2004–2021): Applying an Equity Lens to Time-Trend Analyses

Background : This study aimed to verify leisure-time physical activity trends over 15 years and monitor inequalities according to gender, self-reported skin color, and socioeconomic position in a Southern Brazilian city. A secondary aim is to evaluate intersectionalities in physical activity. Methods : Trend analysis using 3 population-based surveys carried out in 2004, 2010, and 2021. Main outcome assessed was the prevalence of physical activity according to recommendations (150 min/wk). Inequalities dimensions measured were sex, self-reported skin color, and wealth. Intersectionalities were evaluated using Jeopardy index combining all inequality dimensions. Trend analysis was performed using least-squares weighted regression. Results : We included data from 3090, 2656, and 5696 adults in 2004, 2010, and 2021, respectively. Prevalence of physical activity remains stable around 25% in the 3 years. In the 3 periods evaluated, men presented a prevalence in average 10 percentage points higher than women (SII 2004 = −11.1 [95% confidence interval, CI, −14.4 to −7.8], SII 2021 = −10.7 [95% CI, −13.7 to −7.7]). Skin color inequalities did not present a clear pattern. Richest individuals, in general presented a prevalence of leisure-time physical activity level 20pp higher than poorest ones (SII 2004 = 20.5 [95% CI, 13.7 to 27.4]; SII 2021 = 16.7 [95% CI, 11.3 to 22.0]). Inequalities were widely marked, comparing the most privileged group (represented by men, the wealthiest, and White) and the most socially vulnerable group (represented by women, the poorest, and Black/Brown). The Slope Index of Inequality for intersectionalities was −24.5 (95% CI, −31.1 to −17.9) in 2004 and −18.8 in 2021 (95% CI, −24.2 to −13.4). Conclusions : Our analysis shows that women, Black/Brown, and poor present lower leisure-time physical activity level. This group is often neglected regarding other health and social outcomes.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Learning the Language of Insects—and How to Talk Back

Journal Article Learning the Language of Insects—and How to Talk Back Get access Thomas C. Baker Thomas C. Baker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Entomologist, Volume 39, Issue 4, Winter 1993, Pages 212–220, https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/39.4.212 Published: 01 October 1993

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study the Expression of marA Gene in Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline Resistant Mutants of Esherichia coli.

MarA activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. Thus, MarA causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. The activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of marA. This could happen through mutation in marR. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure marA expression in ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli gyrA mutants and clones with or without marR mutation. For this purpose, real time PCR was used to measure relative expression of marA in above mutants and clones. Results showed that two clones, C14 and C17 overexpressed marA. It is concluded that the level of marA expression is important for activation of above mechanisms.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Empowering Geoscientists to Improve Diversity and Inclusion in the Geosciences: The Case of ADVANCEGeo Partnership to Promote Institutional and Cultural Change

case of ADVANCEGeo Partnership to promote Institutional and cultural change ASMERET ASEFAW BERHEGeosciences remains one of the least diverse fields, even within the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).Demographics of the geosciences workforce and student body in the U.S. continue to show severe underrepresentation of women, African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Native-Americans/Native-Alaskans and persons with disabilities in particularly in the geosciences.Among the documented causes of the persistent lack of diversity in the geosciences include bias, discrimination, and harassment of members of underrepresented groups.These behaviors persist due to power imbalances, continued marginalization of underrepresented groups, and inadequate policies against misconduct in academic and other scientific institutions.Academic institutions and professional societies can transform scientific culture through codifying professional practice, recognizing contributions to the discipline, providing opportunities for mentorship and networking, and advocating for policy change.Here we discuss recent initiatives by scientific societies and funding agencies in the U.S., including our work with ADVANCEGeo, to improve diversity, equity and inclusion through efforts aimed at increasing retention and advancement of diverse communities of scientists.We draw on research funded in part by the ADVANCE program to discuss successful strategies and highlight the role of collaborations among societies for creating cultural and institutional change at the national and international levels.

Topic: Career Development and Diversity
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases

Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous and exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety of pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, all of which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS also induces a variety of aging-related diseases, such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ovarian disease, and prostate disease. In this review, we aim to introduce the multiple internal and external triggers that mediate ROS levels in rodents and humans as well as the relationship between OS, aging, and aging-related diseases. Finally, we present a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research.

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Genotypes and Sulphur Levels

Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Leguminosae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. The type of variety and nutrient, especially sulphur is crucial for the physiological growth and yield of crops like groundnut. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium and sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at crop physiology field lab, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four genotypes (G1-MH 4, G2-HNG 10, G3-HNG 69, G4- GNH 804) in main plots and four sulphur levels (S1-Control, S2-20 kg S/ha, S3-40 kg S/ha, S4-60 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. Among the groundnut genotypes, GNH 804 found best in respect to the studied growth parameters followed by HNG 69. Among the sulphur levels, application of 60 kg S/ha recorded significantly higher variation for most of the studied parameters closely followed by sulphur levels of 40 kg/ha.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Combined epigenomic and genomic approach to hypertension

DNA methylation of cytosine (CpG) is the best understood epigenetic information that may silence the gene directly by inhibiting binding of transcription factors or indirectly by chromatin modification. This epigenetic variation may underlie hypertension and in fact it may explain the late onset, progressive and quantitative nature of this disease better than variation in DNA sequence. We hypothesized that epigenetic variations in CpG methylation are of genetic origin and contribute to the development of hypertension in Dahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rats. Genome‐wide methylation patterns in the SS and normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats were assessed in a high throughput manner by combining methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with a competitive hybridization on a high‐density microarray (NimbleGene) covering 2.7 kb promoter area of 21,600 genes. More than 1,000 targets were hypermethylated in the kidney of SS rats as compared to BN. The hearts methylomes were more similar between the strains. Hypermethylation of the SS genome was confirmed by LUMA. We then zoomed in on the known hypertension QTLs, congenic areas and further narrowed down the hypermethylated targets, which included renin. Using pyrosequencing of bisulfite converted DNA we determined quantitatively that comparing to BN, over ten CpGs were significantly (p&lt;0.05) hypermethylathed in the renin promoter of the SS kidney, consistent with the reduced renin expression in this strain. Thus, we identified genome‐wide differentially methylated genomic regions between hypertensive and normotensive genomes and suggest that epigenetic mechanism may underlie the salt sensitive hypertension. Support: NIH HL 082798, AHW MCW.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The People's Commissariat of Defense and the NKVD During the Prewar Years

In June 1934, the USSR People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs was transformed into the People's Commissariat of Defense (NKO), headed by K.E. Voroshilov, and on July 10 of that same year the USSR People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) was formed, with G.G. Iagoda as people's commissar. Relations between these two departments played an important role in the fate of the Red Army from the moment of its establishment. At the end of July 1918, a military department of the VChK [All-Russian Extraordinary Commission To Combat Counterrevolution, Sabotage, and Speculation; the Cheka] was formed to supervise the front and army Cheka units, which were converted into special departments in January 1919 and were retained after the Civil War as well. In the mid-1920s, they actively took part in purging the army of command and political personnel suspected of sympathizing with the Trotskyite opposition and then with "right-wing deviation." According to Voroshilov, a total of 5,000 former oppositionists were dismissed from the army in the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s.

Topic: Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The novel secure communication scheme based on the shape synchronization of three dimension chaos systems

A three-dimension chaos shape synchronized system is proposed and used in the secure communication. The proposed system consists of a Chaotic Secure Transmitter (CST) and a Chaotic Secure Receiver (CSR). Because of the driving signals are the shape features of drive systems, the attackers are highly unlikely to obtain reconstructing the chaotic dynamics of the drive systems. The simulation results show that encryption effect is well, and the recovered signal is less different from the original signal. The system has the high safety performance and wide application.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proteome Profiling of\nFlax (&lt;i&gt;Linum usitatissimum&lt;/i&gt;) Seed: Characterization\nof Functional Metabolic Pathways Operating\nduring Seed Development

Flax (&lt;i&gt;Linum usitatissimum&lt;/i&gt; L.) seeds\nare an important\nsource of food and feed due to the presence of various health promoting\ncompounds, making it a nutritionally and economically important plant.\nAn in-depth analysis of the proteome of developing flax seed is expected\nto provide significant information with respect to the regulation\nand accumulation of such storage compounds. Therefore, a proteomic\nanalysis of seven seed developmental stages (4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 30,\nand 48 days after anthesis) in a flax variety, NL-97 was carried out\nusing a combination of 1D-SDS-PAGE and LC-MS&lt;sup&gt;E&lt;/sup&gt; methods.\nA total 1716 proteins were identified and their functional annotation\nrevealed that a majority of them were involved in primary metabolism,\nprotein destination, storage and energy. Three carbon assimilatory\npathways appeared to operate in flax seeds. Reverse transcription\nquantitative PCR of selected 19 genes was carried out to understand\ntheir roles during seed development. Besides storage proteins, methionine\nsynthase, RuBisCO and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-adenosylmethionine synthetase\nwere highly expressed transcripts, highlighting their importance in\nflax seed development. Further, the identified proteins were mapped\nonto developmental seed specific expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries\nof flax to obtain transcriptional evidence and 81% of them had detectable\nexpression at the mRNA level. This study provides new insights into\nthe complex seed developmental processes operating in flax.

Topic: Phytoestrogen effects and research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical analysis of human foetal skull bones

Research Article| July 01 1954 Chemical analysis of human foetal skull bones I. Macdonald I. Macdonald 1Department of Physiology, Guy's Hospital, London, S.E. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1954) 57 (3): 437–439. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0570437 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation I. Macdonald; Chemical analysis of human foetal skull bones. Biochem J 1 July 1954; 57 (3): 437–439. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0570437 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1954 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1954 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Measurement Setup to Evaluate BER Performance, Amplitude and Group Delay Dispersions on Digital Radio Links

Digital radio-relay systems are particularly affected by the frequency selective nature of multipath fading. To know the effects of propagation on radio-relay systems, an experimental measurement setup was realized to characterize their susceptibility to multipath distortion. The setup is basically a recorder of the frequency-selective amplitude and group delay variations. Associated to these informations, data of error presence (single error, error burst, BER, etc.) are collected to determine, by successive elaborations, relationships between error occurrence and critical values of amplitude and group delay distortions. The measured data are stored only when they exceed the prefixed reference masks. Preliminary results are reported.

Topic: Power Line Communications and Noise
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acute phase proteins in endemic chronic liver diseases.

Forty patients with chronic liver disease and ten normal controls were investigated for acute phase proteins. Mixed schistosomal cases with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis showed more marked changes, while pure schistosomal group showed serum levels closer to normal values. This could be a differentiating point between the two categories. Also the more significant changes in the mixed groups indicate more involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of those groups.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mobilizing Intra-Organizational Relationships:

"Corporate Venture Capital" (CVC) ist eine Strategie, die es etablierten Firmen ermöglicht, von attraktiven Investitionsgelegenheiten, die außerhalb des traditionellen Tätigkeitsfeldes des Unternehmens liegen, zu profitieren. Auf der Basis von Fallstudien dreier US-amerikanischer und dreier deutscher Unternehmen und theoretischen Überlegungen, die auf der Sozialkapital- bzw. der Netzwerktheorie aufbauen, wird untersucht, wie die CVC-Einheiten dieser Unternehmen die internen Beziehungen zu den verschiedenen Geschäftseinheiten mobilisieren und nutzen, um ihr Wertversprechen gegenüber den Portfoliofirmen zu realisieren. Wir zeigen, dass soziales Kapital in Organisationsstrukturen eingebunden sein muss und dass es letztlich das Wechselspiel zwischen sozialem Kapital und den Organisationsstrukturen ist, das den Wert von sozialem Kapital erst verständlich macht.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Three Cases of Albrights Syndrome

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (Albrights Syndrome) is a rare disease of bone. We reported three cases of this disease.Case 1.10 years-old girl had walked with a limp. She sustained a pathological fracture of her left femur and had a cutaneus pigmentation on her neck and waist. Laboratory examination not remarkable endcrine dysfunction, but serum alkaline phospatase were 24.1 B. U.Case 2.12 years old boy complained of pain on his left knee joint. He had cutaneus pigmentation on his upper arm, left leg and right foot. Secondary sex characteristics not appeard. Laboratory examination showed a slightly hyperthyroidism.Case 3.7 years-old girl had walked with limp. Her menstruation started at four years-old. Endcrine dysfunction not remarkable, but serum alkaline phosphatase 41.5 B. U.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Shunting For Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: Can We Predict Response?

Patient selection based upon preshunt corroborative evaluation with tap test, lumbar drainage or measurement of outflow resistance provides long-term improvement in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients. The key is to select patients with the idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus triad of symptoms, as well as ventriculomegaly for shunting, in order to improve the negative predictive value of our tests so that appropriate patients can be reliably excluded as being shunt refractory.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Liturgy and Social Justice

(Excerpt)\nAs a prelude to this vast subject, I would like to read a passage which is becoming part of my contemporary canon, a scene from Toni Morrison's novel Beloved. She describes a worship service--though it is indeed quite different from most of our liturgies! This service is led by a holy woman named Baby Suggs. She is an elderly black woman, born into slavery and later bought into freedom by her son. Now, she lives in her own home on her own piece of ground near a little town in Ohio. Every Saturday, when warm weather came, Baby Suggs would gather the people--all of them former slaves--in the Clearing (with a capital C) ... "In the heat of every Saturday afternoon, she sat in the Clearing while the people waited among the trees."

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of the recreation opportunity planning system to inventory recreation opportunities of arid lands

— Recreation opportunity planning, which is being adopted by some land management agencies for recrea­ tion input to land management planning, is reviewed for Its applicability to arid land situations* Particular attention is given to the Inventory and analysis phases of the system and to what we have learned about its Implementation during

Topic: Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
GSTM3 and GSTP1: novel players driving tumor progression in cervical cancer

CC is particularly hazardous in the advanced stages, and there are few therapeutic strategies specifically targeting these stages. We performed analyses on CC tumor proteome dynamics and identified GSTM3 and GSTP1 as novel potential therapeutic targets. Knockdown of these proteins showed that they are involved in cell survival, cell proliferation and cellular evasion of apoptosis.

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences