jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An innovative longitudinal nurse-midwife mentorship program in rural Malawi: The Global Action in Nursing (GAIN) project

The Global Action in Nursing (GAIN) project is a partnership between University of California, San Francisco, Partners In Health, and the Ministry of Health, Neno District, Malawi that aims to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of perinatal care rendered by nurse-midwives. In this report, we describe the design and implementation of a nursing training and mentorship program for frontline nurse-midwives in leadership, quality improvement, and midwifery skills, including the implementation of the World Health Organization Safe Childbirth Checklist and Respectful Maternity Care. Short course trainings were followed by one year of on-site clinical mentorship with the goal of improving systems factors (such as ensuring adequate availability of supplies) as well as reinforcing clinical skills. The program was implemented in Neno District, Malawi, a rural district in southwestern Malawi where approximately 5,000 births occur annually. The program is now in its fifth year of implementation and has become well-embedded in the district. Key lessons learned included stakeholder involvement; flexible and responsive program design; nurse-centered model for mentorship; and program transition to local leadership. Since nurses and midwives are the frontline providers of reproductive health care in Malawi, sustained investment in clinical and leadership training for nurse-midwives, accompanied by health systems strengthening, has the potential to improve quality deficits and therefore the health of mothers and babies in low-resource settings.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nasal cytology of patients with hypertrophic inferior conchae in panoramic radiographs

Twenty-five patients with prominent shadow of the inferior concha in orthopantomographs were subjected to analysis of the exfoliative cells of their nasal mucous membranes. Additionally, cytologic samples were taken from five healthy subjects without any rhinologic symptoms. Fifteen of the 25 subjects studied had an abnormal cytogram consistent with bacterial infection (12 cases), atrophic rhinitis (2 cases), and allergy (1 case). All control subjects had normal cytograms. Correlation was also found between radiographic opacity in the sinuses and the abnormal cytograms. The present study indicates the usefulness of nasal cytology as a supplemental technique when abnormalities in the inferior conchae or sinuses are detected in panoramic radiographs.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The colonic atresia: an uncommon cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction].

The intestinal atresia is a common cause of neonatal bowel obstruction, but the colonic atresia is an uncommon cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. We present a newborn with congenital colon atresia who underwent laparotomy, revealing a colonic atresia type III. We recommend resection of the dilated proximal colon with primary anastomosis end to end if the patient is not perforated or in bad general conditions.

Topic: Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Power Block Geometry Applied to the Building of Power Electronics Converters

This paper proposes a new methodology, Power Block Geometry (PBG), for the presentation of power electronics topologies that process ac voltage. PBG's strategy uses formal methods based on a geometrical representation with particular rules and defines a universe with axioms and conjectures to establish a formation law. It allows power electronics configurations observed in the technical literature to be obtained by just following PBG's proposed rules, taking a systematic approach and using the familiar concept of connection blocks. Such an approach provides the formal outline needed for a comprehensive didactic presentation .

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jury Courts in Interwar Poland

Jury courts existed in all the partitioning countries, and after 1918 they were to operate in all parts of the reborn Polish state. Their activities were suspended indefinitely in the former Prussian and Russian partitions. Only the former Austrian partition operated until 1938, when the Sanacja authorities liquidated them. Jury courts adjudicated only criminal cases –concerning the most severe crimes and political crimes. Recently, more attention has been devoted to jury courts and the participation of the social factor in the judiciary in Polish science, but so far, no publications in English have appeared on this subject. In the article, the author presents a short description of the jury’s activity in Poland and discusses three hypotheses about the activity of the jury in Polish science.

Topic: Jury Decision Making Processes
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simulation docking of an anti-bacterial in &amp;#x03B2;-cyclodextrin

In this work we studied the inclusion complexation of 4 N-Sulfamoyloxazolidinone derivatives in β-Cyclodextrin with 1:1 stoichiometry by molecular modeling, using semi-empirical PM3 method, quantum hybrid ONIOM/2 method and NBO analysis. The energy values found showed that the inclusion complex stability depend of substitution in the phenyl moiety of guest and the docking orientation. the quantum hybrid ONIOM/2 method was used to confirm the most favorable inclusion complex structure. We have demonstrate the type of interaction between host and guests.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Hours underemployment and employee turnover: the moderating role of human resource practices

Using Canadian nationally representative, multisource longitudinal data, this paper examines relationships between hours underemployment, employee turnover and human resource practices. The results of hierarchical linear models indicate that underemployed employees are more likely to leave an organisation that relies heavily on part-time workers, whereas they are more likely to stay when their employers hire regularly from within the company. These findings extend the literature on hours underemployment from individual-level direct effects to organisational-level moderating factors, and accordingly, they provide empirical evidence that human resource professionals can use to address the detrimental effects of underemployment.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Oocyte Donation Pregnancies- Non-Disclosure of Oocyte Recipient Status to Obstetric Care Providers and Perinatal Outcomes.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Oocyte donation pregnancies- non-disclosure of oocyte recipient (OR) status to obstetric care providers and perinatal outcomes.Many studies report a higher rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and severe pre-eclampsia (PET) in OR pregnancies. The objective is to determine the rates of non-disclosure of OR pregnancy to obstetric care providers and also the rates of perinatal complications. <b><i>Method:</i></b> This was a retrospective review of all oocyte recipient (OR) pregnancies, who subsequently delivered at Cork University Maternity Hospital, between 2007- 2012 inclusive. Obstetric case notes were reviewed to investigate perinatal outcomes and whether OR status had been documented (unambiguously, in code or not at all). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Less than one-third (30.2%; n=32/106) had unambiguous documentation, one-third (33%; n=35/106) had no documentation and the remainder (36.8%; n=39/106) had a code familiar only to their obstetrician. There was a high rate of gestational hypertensive disorders (28.3%; n= 30), most frequently occurring with multiple gestation. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> There was a low rate of clear documentation of OR status. Gestational hypertensive disorders occurred with increased frequency.

Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Science education at first degree level

Research in science education at the undergraduate level is less extensive than for schooling. A significant number of studies do, however, exist. Some of these have been pioneering in their theoretical approach and in the methodologies they have used to gather and analyse data. Exemplary studies of four aspects of participating in the study of science at the tertiary level are described. Content for study, student conceptions, the teaching situation and laboratory work are each rich fields for research.

Topic: Evaluation of Teaching Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from The RASSF3 Candidate Tumor Suppressor Induces Apoptosis and G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S Cell-Cycle Arrest via p53

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 102K, This figure demonstrates the validities of knockdowns of RASSF3 (in HeLa, U2OS, and MCF-7 cells), p53 (in HeLa and U2OS cells), and MDM2 (in HeLa and U2OS cells)&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Between charity and education: orphans and orphanages in early modern times

In early modern times orphans have been children who could not expect sufficient support from their family because of lack of at least one parent, in most cases the father. This article will clarify of whom we are talking if we talk about orphans and what have been the conditions of living in a society which was organised by a high variety of status for these children. Why could they be called “children at risk”? What options have been developed to raise these children and how was the variety of institutions founded in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries organised? The author draws from a number of studies on the history of poverty and provisions for orphans throughout Europe concluding with some considerations of the relevance of the “Waisenhausstreit”, a prominent German controversy brought about by enlightened educators and medical doctors during the second half of the eighteenth century when the option of raising orphans in centralised institutions became a controversial issue. Micro‐h...

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The coming of the terror in the French Revolution

Between 1793 and 1794, thousands of French citizens were imprisoned and hundreds sent to the guillotine by a powerful dictatorship that claimed to be acting in the public interest. Only a few years earlier, revolutionaries had proclaimed a new era of tolerance, equal justice, and human rights. How and why did the French Revolution s lofty ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity descend into violence and terror?The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution offers a new interpretation of this turning point in world history. Timothy Tackett traces the inexorable emergence of a culture of violence among the Revolution s political elite amid the turbulence of popular uprisings, pervasive subversion, and foreign invasion. Violence was neither a preplanned strategy nor an ideological imperative but rather the consequence of multiple factors of the Revolutionary process itself, including an initial breakdown in authority, the impact of the popular classes, and a cycle of rumors, denunciations, and panic fed by fear fear of counterrevolutionary conspiracies, fear of anarchy, fear of oneself becoming the target of vengeance. To comprehend the coming of the Terror, we must understand the contagion of fear that left the revolutionaries themselves terrorized.Tackett recreates the sights, sounds, and emotions of the Revolution through the observations of nearly a hundred men and women who experienced and recorded it firsthand. Penetrating the mentality of Revolutionary elites on the eve of the Terror, he reveals how suspicion and mistrust escalated and helped propel their actions, ultimately consuming them and the Revolution itself.

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Association of Health Insurance with institutional delivery and access to skilled birth attendants: evidence from the Kenya Demographic and health survey 2008–09

Healthcare financing through health insurance is gaining traction as developing countries strive to achieve universal health coverage and address the limited access to critical health services for specific populations including pregnant women and their children. However, these reforms are taking place despite limited evaluation of impact of health insurance on maternal health in developing countries including Kenya. In this study we evaluate the association of health insurance with access and utilization of obstetric delivery health services for pregnant women in Kenya.Nationally representative data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-09 was used in this study. 4082 pregnant women with outcomes of interest - Institutional delivery (Yes/No - delivery at hospital, dispensary, maternity home, and clinic) and access to skilled birth attendants (help by a nurse, doctor, or trained midwife at delivery) were selected from 8444 women ages 15-49 years. Linear and logistic regression, and propensity score adjustment are used to estimate the causal association of enrollment in insurance on obstetric health outcomes.Mothers with insurance are 23 percentage points (p < 0.01) more likely to deliver at an institution and 20 percentages points (p < 0.01) more likely have access to skilled birth attendants compared to those not insured. In addition mothers of lower socio-economic status benefit more from enrollment in insurance compared to mothers of higher socio-economic status. For both institutional delivery and access to skilled birth attendants, the average difference of the association of insurance enrollment compared to not enrolling for those of low SES is 23 percentage points (p < 0.01), and 6 percentage points (p < 0.01) for those of higher SES.Enrolling in health insurance is associated with increased access and utilization of obstetric delivery health services for pregnant women. Notably, those of lower socio-economic status seem to benefit the most from enrollment in insurance.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
doi: 10.12783/ijepr.2015.0401.18 LGSPP-Bayes for Fault Detection and Diagnosis

It has been proved that global and local structure are both important for process monitoring, but principal component analysis (PCA) and locality preserving projections (LPP) can not consider them simultaneously in the process of dimension reduction. This article proposes a novel method named local and global structure preserving projections with Bayes classification (LGSPP-Bayes). The original data is projected to low dimensional feature space and the data projected matrix from high dimension space to low dimension space is gotten. Bayesian classifier then is designed to detect and diagnose faults. Case studies on TEP illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on soil quality effect of reconstructing by Pisha sandstone and sand soil

Abstract In order to explore the effect of reconstructing soil quality change after adding Pisha sandstone rich in clay mineral materials to improve sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land. Long-term field monitoring experiments were conducted to study the characteristic changes of the reconstructed soil carbon and nitrogen content and corn yield with different proportions of Pisha sandstone and sand. The results showed that after 9 years of experiment, compared with the original sandy soil, in T1, T2, and T3 treatments the reconstructed soil organic matter content increased by 10, 12, and 11 times, total nitrogen content increased by 5.5, 5.4, and 3.9 times, and corn yield increased by 43.9, 105.9, and 58.5%. Especially, the corn yield of T2 and T3 treatment is greater than or equal to the corn yield of local high-yield fields. In summary, the reconstructed soil quality in different proportions has developed toward a good trend after long-term planting. T2 and T3 treatments have the best effects on reconstructing soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation reconstruction and corn yield increase. T2 and T3 treatments are recommended as the best scientific ratio for improving sandy soil with Pisha sandstone in Mu Us Sandy Land. This method has important reference and guidance for ecological remediation of desertification and degraded land.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stereophony and Literature: Resonance and Reverberation in the Chansons de Gestes and Romances of the 12th and 13th Centuries

The chansons de geste and chivalric romances from the 12th and 13th centuries are a faithful testimony of the reality of their time, and sensory perceptions are among these testimonies. The written word provides not only descriptive and objective information, but also the impressions perceived and conveyed by the author, which are the sensations the reader has to get acquainted with in order to make the story their own. Mentions to sound effects and the sound features of a particular space are remarkable, and a compilation of these references from various texts allows us to study the sounds, resonances, and spaces through which the sound event gains prominence in the narrative. These include confined spaces such as halls and palaces, and open spaces such as woods, and war and hunting scenes. The voices, cries, sounds of instruments, sound gestures, and sound experiences of spaces thus acquire a theatrical quality that becomes part of the reading experience. The authors often evoke the effect of a resonance, an echo, a reverberation or a stereophonic effect, thus endowing the text with the emotional qualities of a soundtrack.

Topic: Renaissance Literature and Culture
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-time 3D image guided patient positioning in radiation therapy

Patient positioning in modern radiotherapy is becoming far more important because a small positioning error may result in missing target and irradiating normal tissues in treatment of small lesions. Clinical outcome of radiotherapy can potentially be improved by increasing the precision of tumor localization and dose delivery during the treatment. In this paper an accurate and precise patient positioning system has been achieved through alignment of real-time three dimensional (3D) surface images with a reference surface image. The real-time 3D surface is captured using a state-of-art 3D stereovision system, and then is matched with the pre-defined reference image generated from treatment planning data. Positioning parameters are calculated by automatically aligning the real-time surface and the reference surface via a modified Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm. Results from phantom experiments and clinical applications demonstrated the excellent efficacy of <2 minutes and the desired accuracy and precision of <1 mm in isocenter shifts and of <1 degree in rotations.

Topic: Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
River Networks as Ecological Corridors: Species, Populations, Pathogens

River networks are critically important ecosystems. This interdisciplinary book provides an integrated ecohydrological framework blending laboratory, field, and theoretical evidence that changes our understanding of river networks as ecological corridors. It describes how the physical structure of the river environment impacts biodiversity, species invasions, population dynamics, and the spread of waterborne disease. State-of-the-art research on the ecological roles of the structure of river networks is summarized, including important studies on the spread and control of waterborne diseases, biodiversity loss due to water resource management, and invasions by non-native species. Practical implications of this research are illustrated with numerous examples throughout. This is an invaluable go-to reference for graduate students and researchers interested in river ecology and hydrology, and the links between the two. Describing new related research on spatially-explicit modeling of the spread of waterborne disease, this book will also be of great interest to epidemiologists and public health managers.

Topic: Zoonotic diseases and public health
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimally Suppressed\nPhonon Tunneling in van der Waals\nGraphene–WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Heterostructure with Ultralow Thermal\nConductivity

Van der Waals heterostructures have great potential for\nrealizing\nultimately low thermal conductivity because defectless interfaces\ncan be constructed at a length scale smaller than the phonon wavelength,\nallowing modulation of coherent phonon transport. In this Letter,\nwe demonstrate the mechanism for thermal conductivity reduction at\na mode-resolved level. The graphene–WS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; heterostructure\nwith the lowest cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.048 W/(m·K)\nis identified from 16,384 candidates by combining Bayesian optimization\nand molecular dynamics simulations. Then, the angle-resolved phonon\ntransmission is calculated using the mode-resolved atomistic Green’s\nfunction. The results reveal that the optimal heterostructure nearly\ncompletely terminates phonon transport with finite incident angles,\nowing to the reduced critical incident angle and suppression of phonon\ntunneling.

Topic: Thermal properties of materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stress-induced damage evolution in aluminum matrix composites

Two metal matrix composites, both consisting of a near-eutectic cast AlSi12CuMgNi alloy, one reinforced with 15%vol. Al2O3 short fibers and the other with 7%vol. Al2O3 short fibers + 15%vol. SiC particles were studied. Distribution, orientation, and volume fraction of the different phases was determined by means of synchrotron computed tomography. The load partitioning between phases was investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction compression tests. The internal damage of the eutectic Si phase and Al2O3 fibers after ex-situ compression tests was directly observed in CT reconstructed volumes. Significant debonding between Al-matrix and SiC particles was found. Those observations allowed rationalizing the load transfer among the constituent phases of two different composites. Finally, based on the Maxwell scheme, a micro-mechanical model was utilized for the composite with one and two ceramic reinforcements. The model rationalizes the experimental data, and predicts the evolution of principal stresses in each phase.

Topic: Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences