jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure and function of yeast tRNA ligase

The gene for yeast tRNA ligase has been sequenced and its transcription start sites have been mapped. Three other open reading frames in the vicinity of the tRNA ligase gene were characterized. One open reading frame, ORF4, is the yeast ARG3 gene. ORF1 is probably not transcribed or translated in yeast. ORF2 is an unidentified but essential gene in yeast. A deletion of the central 200 amino acids has been engineered in the ligase protein. This deletion protein, designated DAC, was characterized in the in vitro tRNA splicing reaction with regard to the structure of the joined tRNA product. Cofactor requirements for tRNA joining activity and polynucleotide kinase activity were also determined. DAC possesses a GTP-dependent joining activity that is not manifested by wild-type ligase. In addition, both the wild-type and DAC proteins exhibit polynucleotide kinase activities that are more efficient with GTP than with ATP. Joining reactions with wild-type ligase indicate that joining of tRNA halves is more efficient in the presence of both GTP and ATP than with either cofactor alone. Wild-type tRNA ligase can incorporate they-phosphate of GTP into the splice junction of joined tRNA, but only when ATP is also provided. The ligase protein contains two distinct nucleotide triphosphate binding sites- one specific for GTP and one specific for ATP. A revised mechanism for tRNA splicing in yeast is presented.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Thick NiSi Electrodes for AlN Electroacoustic Applications

The use of thick NiSi electrodes in electroacoustic resonators allows front-end integration with integrated circuit technology. Problems are identified in the formation of thick nickel silicide (NiSi) electrodes via a single deposition of Ni onto blank Si wafers. An alternative fabrication process based on the deposition and silicidation of a multilayer film is presented. The films were found to have low resistivity and smooth surfaces, with the layered structure preserved even after silicidation. Textured piezoelectric films of (002) wurtzite AlN demonstrated a diffraction-peak width that narrows to 3.5° when deposited on a thick 10 pair NiSi film.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Finger Joint on Flexural Strength

Abstract- This paper presents the flexural properties of rectangular Burma teak wood beam without finger joint and with finger joint. Finger joints enable full utilization of wood. Finger jointing technique is also used to eliminate wood defects which weaken the strength of wood. This paper considers finger joint as defined defect and its effect on the flexural strength is determined. Teakwood is hard and heavy, seasons rapidly and has good durability. The specimens were studied under three point bending test. Both edge wise and flat wise tests were carried out. It is observed that Burma teakwood beam without finger joint is stronger than beams with finger joints. Because of finger jointing the flexural strength reduces. It can be concluded that the strength loss can improved upon by selecting suitable geometry of finger joint and a suitable adhesive. It is recognized that further studies are necessary on jointing techniques of wood and type of adhesive so as to equal the flexural strength properties of clear teak wood beams.

Topic: Wood Treatment and Properties
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Framework for Convergence Research in the Hazards and Disaster Field: The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure CONVERGE Facility

The goal of this article is twofold: to clarify the tenets of convergence research and to motivate such research in the hazards and disaster field. Here, convergence research is defined as an approach to knowledge production and action that involves diverse teams working together in novel ways – transcending disciplinary and organizational boundaries – to address vexing social, economic, environmental, and technical challenges in an effort to reduce disaster losses and promote collective well-being. The increasing frequency and intensity of disasters coupled with the growth of the field suggests an urgent need for a more coherent approach to help guide what we study, who we study, how we conduct studies, and who is involved in the research process itself. This article is written through the lens of the activities of the National Science Foundation-supported CONVERGE facility, which was established in 2018 as the first social science-led component of the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI). Convergence principles and the Science of Team Science undergird the work of CONVERGE, which brings together networks of researchers from geotechnical engineering, the social sciences, structural engineering, nearshore systems, operations and systems engineering, sustainable material management, and interdisciplinary science and engineering. CONVERGE supports and advances research that is conceptually integrative, and this article describes a convergence framework that includes the following elements: (1) identifying researchers; (2) educating and training researchers; (3) setting a convergence research agenda that is problem-focused and solutions-based; (4) connecting researchers and coordinating functionally and demographically diverse research teams; and (5) supporting and funding convergence research, data collection, data sharing, and solutions implementation.

Topic: Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Probing professional identities of English Language Teacher Educators through collaborative study groups: Insights from a teacher educator team in Colombia

Monolithic views of language that privilege standard varieties of English, as well as technical and instrumental understandings of English teacher responsibilities have been increasingly critiqued by researchers interested in critical English teacher education and the promotion of Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL). A more holistic approach to teacher education, has been advocated instead, one that takes into consideration critical identity constructions and negotiations as part of English teacher education. An area of research that is often overlooked is that of English Language Teacher Educators (ELTEs), and their engagement with their own identities as ELTEs in a given context, which is of particular salience in post-colonial contexts. Thus, this study had the aim to examine how professional identities of ELTEs might evolve considering current socio-political factors surrounding TEIL in Colombia. Framed by an interpretive paradigm and a critical action research approach, this in-depth study explores how a group of 5 ELTEs have constructed and transformed their identity in a Colombian English Teacher Education institution. The study was focused on their ability to critically reflect on their identities by means of collaborative learning through small study groups, of which the author was a member. Three data collection methods were used: interviews to explore current ELTEs’ identities; 5 small-group study events as a method to raise awareness of tensions around EIL; and ELTEs’ reflective accounts to access the effect of the group experience in their identity construction. The main findings of this investigation showed some degree of change in ELTEs’ professional identities in relation to the use of English as an International Language (EIL), namely becoming more critical towards the politics of English and its implications at local and global levels, ELTEs’ emotional dimension showed paramount importance in the construction of their professional identities. Illustrating the on-going impact of this study design, participant ELTEs found new development and alternative research options in their own professional practices, such as using collaborative learning groups for their own professional development in their undergraduate language teacher programme at their institution. This indicates that a shift in ELTEs’ conception of English can trigger other changes in their political stance as well as their professional identities and practices. The findings of this study might be useful for ELTEs, language teacher programmes, and other educational stakeholders who oversee the policies of foreign languages (English) in Colombia and other (post-colonial) regions.

Topic: Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Head and neck squamous cancers.

Head and neck squamous cancers are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying etiologic factors, presenting symptoms, staging, treatment, and expected outcome. In this monograph, we discuss principles of management common to all sites as well as individual differences. The presenting symptoms of disease are reviewed, stressing the importance of early diagnosis. Accurate pathologic diagnosis can be improved on in difficult cases by newer immunohistochemical techniques. Following diagnosis, accurate clinical staging must be performed, and the evaluation of an unknown primary in the neck is described. We review general considerations for planning the treatment of head and neck cancer, and then discuss specific guidelines for individual sites, stressing the optimal integration of surgery and radiation therapy, particularly brachytherapy. Controversial management issues and new, innovative approaches are discussed. The conventional use of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer is for palliation of recurrent disease. In recent years, chemotherapy has been added to the primary treatment program in an induction role, as a radiosensitizer, as an adjunct following standard therapy, and for organ preservation. The current status of these roles is reviewed. This is a cancer for which there are known etiologic agents. Future efforts in this disease should be directed toward early detection and prevention.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measurement of gene expression in human retinal microvessels by solution hybridization.

Changes in gene expression could play a central role in the phenotypic abnormalities of the retinal vascular cells observed in diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. To measure gene expression in human retinal microvessels, a RNA-probe excess solution hybridization assay was used. Retinal microvessels were isolated from eyes obtained within 36 hr of death, and intact RNA was extracted by the guanidine method. Hybridization of poly(A)+ RNA northern blots revealed only the cytoskeletal beta-actin message; by using the more sensitive solution hybridization assay, the plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) mRNAs were quantified. The prevalence of these transcripts in the retinal microvessels was 0.04 x 10(6) copies/ng RNA for PAI-1 and 0.14 x 10(6) copies/ng RNA for vWF, much less than the prevalence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (1.93 x 10(6) and 3.90 x 10(6), respectively). The PAI-1 mRNA levels in retinal microvessels isolated from five type II diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in vessels isolated from ten age-matched controls (0.06 x 10(6) versus 0.04 x 10(6) copies/ng RNA, P less than 0.05). The solution hybridization assay accurately measured low-abundance mRNAs in human retinal microvessels; determination of gene expression in these cells could aid in understanding the pathogenesis of important ophthalmologic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of the integration of remote clinical oncology pharmacists into routine precision medicine workflows on biomarker testing rates within The US Oncology Network community-based practices.

e13813 Background: The US Oncology Network implemented a centralized, remote clinical oncology pharmacist review program (ClinReview) into select community-based practices. Initially, pharmacists were integrated into a precision medicine workflow process to increase biomarker testing rates among patients receiving adjuvant treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, with recommendations achieving a 100% acceptance rate. Following this success, metastatic prostate cancer patients were incorporated into the established workflow, following updated guideline recommendations for both germline and somatic testing and the 2023 approvals of PARP inhibitors in the first-line treatment setting. With previously reported testing rates only reaching 60%, we sought to evaluate the impact of the pharmacist integration into the precision medicine workflow on biomarker testing in metastatic prostate patients. Methods: Over a 4-month period, ClinReview remotely identified patients with metastatic prostate cancer during normal order review. The EMR was reviewed to assess germline and somatic testing status. If testing was not ordered, the pharmacist sent a recommendation to the treating provider. Initial testing rates for germline and somatic testing, BRCA+ status and provider acceptance rates for testing recommendations were collected. Additional data was collected utilizing a de-identified database. While additional data collection is ongoing, descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze data and the impact of the pharmacists’ interventions. Results: Across 9 practices, 142 patients were initiated on treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. At the time of initial assessment, germline and somatic testing was not ordered in 50% and 37% of patients, respectively. Pharmacists recommended additional testing in 61 patients (43%) with a 73% provider acceptance rate. Findings showed equitable testing rates across racial demographics. Pharmacist workflow integration enhanced combined germline and somatic testing rates, demonstrating an improvement from a baseline of 57% up to 77% currently. Conclusions: Community oncology practices seek to provide high-value care, including offering the most current evidence-based precision medicine testing. These findings highlight the continued need for improved somatic and germline testing in metastatic prostate cancer. However, the implemented precision medicine pharmacist workflow demonstrates the positive impact a clinical pharmacist can have on both testing rates and the potential to improve therapeutic offerings within this growing treatment space. [Table: see text]

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Risk factors and predictive models for sequelae of heat stroke primarily involving cerebellar dysfunction

The occurrence of sequelae is common after heatstroke. There is a lack of risk prediction data regarding the prevalence of sequelae. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the sequelae after heatstroke, including cerebellar dysfunction. Heatstroke patients admitted to our hospital in the past 8 years were retrospectively enrolled. Regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with sequelae and cerebellar dysfunction. A prediction model for post-heatstroke sequelae was developed and internally and externally validated. Twenty-three percent of the patients experienced sequelae, with cerebellar dysfunction accounting for 51.7%. Patients with sequelae had longer duration of hyperthermia and coma, lower Glasgow Coma Scales scores, elevated core temperature, increased incidence of multiple organ dysfunction upon admission, and a worse prognosis compared to non-sequelae patients. Patients with cerebellar injury exhibited impaired balance, and a Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score > 5 is an independent risk factor. The prediction system included advanced age, coma, and an APACHE-II score > 10 upon admission, predicting sensitivity = 0.8966, specificity = 0.8925, and AUC of ROC curve = 0.941 (95% CI: 0.884 ~ 0.976). The C-index in the internal verification was 0.942 (95% CI: 0.847 ~ 0.981) and the AUC in the external verification was 0.816 (95% CI: 0.699 ~ 0.902). The prediction system included advanced age, coma, and higher APACHE-II scores as variables, indicating a significant prevalence of sequelae. Higher SOFA scores were associated with the increased occurrence of cerebellar dysfunction and balance impairment. The prediction system could better predict sequelae after heatstroke.

Topic: Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1051144: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, DANA ALOKASI UMUM, DANA OTONOMI KHUSUS, DAN SISA LEBIH PENGGUNAAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL PADA FUNGSI KESEHATAN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regional own revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU), special autonomy fund (DOK) and unspent funds at end of fiscal year (SiLPA) to capital expenditure of health function. Through a purposive sampling as a technique of selecting sample, there were 15 districts/municipalities in Aceh Province for 4 periods from 2012 to 2015 as the samples. Data used in this research was a secondary data obtained from Financial Agency of Aceh. The technique used for a data collection was through a documentation technique. The analytical method used in this research was standardized regression method or path analysis which is an extension of multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that PAD, DAU, and DOK influenced a capital expenditure on health function. Meanwhile, SiLPA did not influence the capital expenditure on health function. In addition, PAD, DAU, DOK, and SiLPA simultaneously influenced the capital expenditure on health functions.Keywords: Capital Spending of Health, PAD, DAU, DOK, and SiLPA. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Otonomi Khusus (DOK) dan Sisa Lebih Pengguna Anggaran (SiLPA) terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan. Berdasarkan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, dari 23 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Aceh hanya 15 Kabupaten/Kota dipilih menjadi sampel penelitian ini selama periode 2012-2015. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Dinas Keuangan Aceh melalui teknik dokumentasi. Metode Analisis menggunakan standardized regression yang merupakan perluasan dari analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PAD, DAU, dan DOK berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan sedangkan SiLPA tidak berpengaruh. Hal ini bermakna adanya peningkatan terhadap alokasi PAD, DAU, dan DOK dalam suatu anggaran maka akan meningkatkan jumlah alokasi belanja modal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesehjateraan publik dalam sektor kesehatan, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat Aceh yang lebih baik.Disamping itu, secara simultan PAD, DAU, DOK, dan SiLPA secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan.

Topic: Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Study of Decentralized Agricultural Service Provision: A Case of Achham District of Nepal

&lt;p&gt;In general, decentralized, demand-driven, and participatory programs tend to be more democratic in design and more successful in implementation. Achham is the far-western district of Nepal where the provision of disbursement of agriculture services, at village development committees (VDCs), is significantly active for agriculture extension services. This study aims to analyze the provision and practice of decentralized agriculture in VDCs through Agriculture forest and environment committee (AFEC) and existing governmental structure and its role for farmers to farmer extension system and the adoption of sustainable soil management (SSM) practice by the farmers. The study concluded that dispersion of block grant for agriculture and various sectors of investment by government in agriculture sector were partially used, but SSM technologies were highly adopted by farmers. The study showed that the block grant and fund from organization were bucketing for one window policy but some organization also basket the program to minimize duplication. Establishment of AFECs and functional groups in VDCs level is effective and efficient for decentralization of agriculture and inclusion of women and DAGs.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Agricultural Innovations and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CARCASS QUALITY, MARBLING AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF MALE BALI CATTLE FED FERMENTED COCOA SHELL

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented cacao shell on the carcassquality, percentage of non carcass components, marbling and cholesterol content of Bali cattle. NineBali cattle of 1.5-2 year old and 165-175 kg weight were grouped into three feeding trials. The firstgroup P0 was fed ration containing 30% cacao shell fermented with its own microorganism and 70%corn straw, the second group P1 was fed ration containing 30% cacao shell fermented with ruminal fluidand 70% corn straw, and the third group P2 was fed ration containing 30% cacao shell fermented withBioplus and 70% corn straw. All cattle were also given commercial concentrate amounting to 1% oftheir bodyweight. The cattle were slaughtered at the end of feeding trial and their carcasses, meat andnon carcass components were analysed. Experimental design used was completely randomized design.The results showed that carcass percentage, back fat thickness, rib eye area and meat index of Bali cattle were as follows group PO 53.33%, 3.08 mm, 59.65 cm2, 0.79%; group P1 52.64%, 5.31 mm, 58.52 cm,0.82% and group P2 5.32%, 5.7 mm, 57.75 cm, 0.79%, respectively. The marbling and cholesterolcontent of Bali beef were group PO 2.65% and 71.25 mg/100g, group P1 2.12% and 48.75 mg/100g,and P2 2.63% and 74.50 mg/100g. It could be concluded that fermented cacao shell could be used asfeed ingredient without any effect on the carcass and meat quality, marbling and cholesterol contents ofmale Bali beef.

Topic: Agricultural and Biological Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences