jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the effect of cyclophosphamide on adjuvant arthritis severity, skin allograft rejection and spleen cell cytotoxic activity in rats.

Cyclophosphamide, which has a poor immunosuppressive effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats, evokes an aggravating form of the disease when applied at a single low dose before rats' sensitization with complete Freund's adjuvant. However, cyclophosphamide administered by this method of treatment has no such enhancement effect on skin allograft rejection reaction; on the contrary, the rejection reaction was inhibited. Spleen cell cytotoxic activity against 51-Cr labelled chondrocytes significantly decreased in adjuvant arthritis, while in skin allograft rejection it increased during the latent period before the rejection reaction appeared. The addition of cyclophosphamide to the rats' treatment decreased more strongly spleen cell cytotoxic activity, especially in rats with adjuvant arthritis. We conclude that cyclophosphamide-sensitive spleen cytotoxic cells are playing a dual role in the pathogenesis of these two cell-mediated immunological processes: as immunosuppressive regulatory cells in adjuvant arthritis and as effector cells in skin allograft rejection reaction.

Topic: Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
381 Effects of L-glutamate and L-aspartate supplementation on intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets challenged with F18 ETEC

Abstract L-glutamate (Glu) and L-aspartate (Asp) are pivotal components in the cellular metabolic pathways and immune regulation of pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Glu and Asp on systemic and intestinal immune responses of weaned piglets challenged with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18. Weaned pigs [n = 49; 8.18 ± 1.54 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments, with seven piglets per treatment. The treatments included negative control (NC) and positive control (PC) that were fed with control diet without or with ETEC challenge, respectively. The other five dietary treatments were supplemented with either 1% or 2% Glu or Asp, or 50 mg/kg of Carbadox, and were challenged with ETEC. All pigs except for NC were challenged with F18 ETEC orally for three consecutive days at the dose of 1010 CFUּ dose-1ּ d-1. The study period lasted for 3 wk, with a 7-d adaptation period and 14 d post-inoculation (PI). On d 14 PI, jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected to analyze the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All data were analyzed with ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Among all treatments, pigs fed with carbadox showed greatest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)10 in jejunal mucosa. Supplementing 2% Asp or carbadox had less (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of IL6 than PC in jejunal mucosa, while supplementing 1% Asp had lowest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of IL6 in ileal mucosa. Pigs fed with 1% Glu had greatest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of IL17A and IL22, while pigs fed with 2% Glu had greatest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of IL23 among all treatments in jejunal mucosa. However, dietary treatments did not affect mRNA expression of IL17A, IL22, and IL23 among all treatments in ileal mucosa. Compared with PC, supplementing 1% Asp had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of MUC2, OCDN, and ZO1 in ileal mucosa. Supplementation of 2% Glu or 1% Asp had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of MUC2 in jejunal mucosa than NC. Among all treatments, pigs fed with 2% Asp showed greatest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of CLDN1 in ileal mucosa, while showed least (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa. However, no difference was observed in expression of OCDN and ZO1 in jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that dietary supplementation of Glu or Asp affected both intestinal immunity and integrity of ETEC-challenged weaned pigs with similar trends as the supplementation of carbadox.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A pragmatic perspective on the narratives of working class African American preschool children

The language behaviors of African American children, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status, have generated considerable interest over the last two decades (Cole & Taylor, 1990). However, studies of the narrative abilities of these children have been extremely limited. Speech‐language pathologists who evaluate the language of African American children must learn more about their narratives in order to perform nonbiased, informal language assessments. Narratives were elicited from 27 African American preschoolers attending Head Start programs. The narratives were grouped according to structural‐semantic level and analyzed for three pragmatic features that take the listener's needs into account: orientation, evaluation, and appendage. Developmental trends in the use of these features are reported.

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Financing the Green Transition: How Green Finance and Renewable Energy Drive CO2 Mitigation

The accelerating demand for climate action has underscored the need to link financial innovation with clean energy adoption. This study examines the interplay between green finance, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions across 15 countries from 2013 to 2022. Green finance is proxied by green bond issuances and environmental protection expenditures, capturing both market-based and fiscal flows. Using panel econometric methods, including fixed effects with Driscoll–Kraay corrections, Prais–Winsten regressions with PCSE, and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), the analysis accounts for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence. Results show how green finance significantly reduces emissions, both directly and indirectly, through its positive influence on renewable energy deployment. Renewable energy consumption shows a robust negative association with CO2 emissions, confirming its pivotal role in energy transition. A mediation analysis further demonstrates that renewable energy partially transmits the effect of green finance on environmental performance. The findings highlight the dual function of green finance in mobilizing investment and accelerating decarbonization, offering timely insights for policymakers seeking effective pathways toward sustainable, low-carbon economies.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supernumerary primary teeth and the clinical significance: a report of two cases

Supernumerary teeth occur frequently in the permanent dentition but they are rare in the primary dentition. Supernumerary teeth in the primary dentition usually erupt normally and are frequently of the supplemental type. The issue of differentiating the supplemental tooth from the normal series requires careful consideration. Supernumerary primary teeth should be thoroughly investigated and closely monitored. Early intervention is recommended when there are concerns and associated pathologies.&#x0D;

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Peer Review #1 of "MicroRNA-705 regulates the differentiation of mouse mandible bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (v0.2)"

The craniofacial skeleton is the foundation of most stomatological treatments, including prosthodontics and maxillofacial surgery.Although histologically similar to the appendicular skeleton, the craniofacial skeleton manifests many unique properties in response to external stimuli and signals.However, the mandibular or maxillary bone marrow mesenchyme, which is the intrinsic foundation of the functions of craniofacial skeleton, has not been well studied, and its homeostasis mechanism remains elusive.Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that affects all skeletons and is characterized by bone mass loss.Osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exhibit disturbed homeostasis and distorted lineage commitment.Many reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating MSCs homeostasis.Here, to obtain a better understanding of mandibular bone marrow MSCs homeostasis, we isolated and cultured mandible marrow MSCs from mouse mandibles.Using miR-705 mimics and an inhibitor, we demonstrated that miR-705 played a vital role in shifting the mandibular MSCs lineage commitment in vitro.Utilizing an osteoporosis mouse model, we demonstrated that MSCs from ovariectomized (OVX) mouse mandibular bone marrow exhibited impaired osteogenic and excessive adipogenic differentiation.miR-705 was found overexpressed in OVX mandibular MSCs.The knock down of miR-705 in vitro partially attenuated the differentiation disorder of the OVX mandibular MSCs by upregulating the expression of osteogenic marker genes but suppressing adipogenic genes.Taken together, our findings provide a better understanding of the homeostasis mechanism of mandibular BMMSCs and a novel potential therapeutic target for treating mandibular osteoporosis.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 5 from Activity of Combined Androgen Receptor Antagonism and Cell Cycle Inhibition in Androgen Receptor Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Tolerability of combination therapy. MDA-MB-453 cells were injected into the mammary fat pads of cycling female nu/nu mice; n=6-7 mice per group. Sevi and/or Abem were administered daily. Mouse weights were measured throughout the experiment. Mean {plus minus} standard error of the mean.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Torah, Tradition, and Innovation

Abstract This chapter begins with a discussion of Josephus’s descriptions of disputes between Pharisees and Sadducees regarding the authority of scripture and tradition. Again, Josephus’s testimony is found to be reasonably commensurate with external evidence. The discussion then expands to a consideration of Josephus’s treatment of the Essene view. Granting that Josephus is less clear about the Essenes’ view of legal authority, there is sufficient reason to question one current trend in scholarship, which elides the Sadducean view with the Qumranic/Essene one. The second half of the chapter reviews Josephus’s discussions of changes to legal practice, including the creation of new festivals such as Purim and Hunukkah, and the Maccabean decision to fight on the Sabbath. It is argued that Josephus’s own approach to law is roughly in line with the Pharisaic he has described: Josephus accepts the authority of scripture and tradition, but opposes changes imposed by illegitimate leaders or that were put in place without the people’s consent. It is observed that Josephus does not accept the authority of post-Mosaic prophetic legislation—which curiously puts Josephus at odds with the Dead Sea sect.

Topic: Halal products and consumer behavior
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Efficient Approach Technique for Dynamical Infrared/Visible Images Fusion

In this paper, we present a novel approach for a real time dynamical infrared/visible images fusion. The advantage of the proposed system compared with previous studies are its huge flexibility and probably lowest cost, since that it only employ both an infrared and a conventional visible cameras. A lot of external applications like security, surveillance..., etc. need this kind of alternative to complete the visible information in some cases like a sudden illumination variation from a bright image to an almost dark situation, or a foggy or smoked environment, where usual computer vision algorithm are not robust anymore. In all those cases, the further image treatments depending on the application are not detailed in this paper, since we just focus this study on the way to make both images fitting in a resulting image and to render the image for a user to easily observe a warm area. We describe in the following paragraphs each step of this treatment, and show the results of this image fusion.

Topic: Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
China and Southeast Asia: Unbalanced Development in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Integrating with Southeast Asia is a key component of China’s multi-pronged regionalisation around its borders as its global rise continues. Xiangming Chen and Curtis Stone consider the ambition of China’s ‘Go Southwest’ strategy to extend its economic interests and influence into Southeast Asia, and explore how China’s regional assertion reinforces the larger trend of new spatial configurations in light of increasing globalisation. The authors show how simultaneous globalisation and regionalisation unleashes a dual process of de-bordering and re-bordering where the traditional barrier role of borders is yielding more to that of bridges, as small, marginal, and remote border cities and towns become larger centers of trade and tourism. This article examines China’s effort to engage Southeast Asia and many of China’s footprints within and beyond the cities of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Inter-country and intra-regional trade provides the starting point for examining the extent of economic integration in the GMS, and also its unbalanced development.

Topic: Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“There’s More Going On”

Digital games represent ubiquitous forms of everyday social and cultural activity. Young people are engaging with these texts across a range of physical and digital spaces, and the speed with which digital game literacies have evolved has raised questions about how teachers can support their students to be critical participants in a digital game literacy world. In this chapter, I explore a case study that involved the development and delivery of an Indigenous storytelling unit combining the play and study of a digital game with a short animation film. The first part of this chapter details the nature of the intervention, including brief descriptions of activities from the case study, highlighting the challenge of progressing beyond literary approaches to texts that focus on decoding and engaging with authors' intended meanings. The second part engages more closely with Critical Digital Literacies praxis (), re-examining the intervention with the assistance of Luci Pangrazio's (, ) Critical Digital Design approach. The aim is to demonstrate how both students and teachers can encourage border-crossing in terms of what texts we bring to the literacy classroom and the critical dispositions we seek to nurture.

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mozart, Quartet in C, K. 465

Research Article| July 01 1982 Mozart, Quartet in C, K. 465 William DeFotis William DeFotis Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar 19th-Century Music (1982) 6 (1): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/746229 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William DeFotis; Mozart, Quartet in C, K. 465. 19th-Century Music 1 July 1982; 6 (1): 31–38. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/746229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Content19th-Century Music Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1982 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Localization of an alpha 1,2 galactosyltransferase activity to the Golgi apparatus of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have cloned a gene encoding an alpha 1,2 galactosyltransferase activity from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The open reading frame of the gene (gma12 for galactomannan, alpha 1,2), combined with the previous protein purification (Chappell and Warren, 1989), predicts an O-linked glycoprotein with type II transmembrane topology. By homologous gene disruption, we have demonstrated that the gma12 gene product (gma12p) is nonessential. The deletion strain (gma12-D10::ura4) has a significantly reduced level of galactosyltransferase activity relative to the parental strain, but both in situ lectin binding and in vitro biochemical assays demonstrate the presence of further galactosyltransferase activity in addition to gma12p. Although gma12p is not the only galactosyltransferase in S. pombe, it produces a unique carbohydrate structure on the surface of the yeast cells. We have generated a polyclonal antiserum against this carbohydrate epitope and shown that gma12p is capable of synthesizing the epitope both in vitro and in vivo. Electron microscopic localization of the gma12+ specific epitope in gma12+ cells revealed that gma12p synthesizes the carbohydrate structure in the Golgi apparatus, and subsequent intracellular transport distributes the epitope to later stages of the secretory pathway. The immunolocalization studies confirm the presence of one or more galactosyltransferase activities in the Golgi apparatus in fission yeast.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Muscle Spindle Distribution in the Masticatory Muscle of the Tree Shrew

Histological study of the masticatory muscles of the tree shrew showed that 140 muscle spindles are concentrated in the restricted areas of the inner lowermost layer of the horizontal and vertical portions of the temporal muscle (48 and 47 spindles, respectively), the profundus portion of the masseter muscle (42 spindles), and the zygomaticomandibular muscle (3 spindles). The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are devoid of spindles.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
3,5‐Bis(<i>n</i>‐perfluorooctyl)benzyltriethylammonium Bromide (F‐TEBA): An Efficient, Easily Recoverable Fluorous Catalyst for Solid‐Liquid PTC Reactions

Abstract A readily available 3,5‐bis(perfluorooctyl)benzyl bromide and triethylamine were reacted under mild conditions to give 3,5‐bis( n ‐perfluorooctyl)benzyltriethylammonium bromide ( F‐TEBA ), an analogue of the versatile phase‐transfer catalyst, benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA), containing two fluorous ponytails. This perfluoroalkylated quaternary ammonium salt was successfully employed as a catalyst in a variety of reactions run under solid‐liquid phase‐transfer catalysis (SL‐PTC) conditions. Thus, being both hydrophobic and lipophobic, F‐TEBA could be quickly recovered in quantitative yields, and reused without loss of activity over several reaction cycles.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Doctors' perspectives on the barriers to appropriate prescribing in older hospitalized patients: a qualitative study

Aims Older patients commonly suffer from multimorbidites and take multiple medications. As a result, these patients are more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate prescribing ( PIP ). PIP in older patients may result in adverse drug events (ADEs) and hospitalizations. However, little has been done to identify why PIP occurs. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify hospital doctors' perceptions as to why PIP occurs, (ii) to identify the barriers to addressing the issues identified and (iii) to determine which intervention types would be best suited to improving prescribing. Methods Semi‐structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework ( TDF ), a tool used to apply behaviour change theories, were conducted with 22 hospital doctors. Content analysis was conducted to identify domains of the TDF that could be targeted to improve prescribing for older people. These domains were then mapped to the behaviour change wheel to identify possible intervention types. Results Content analysis identified five of the 12 domains in the TDF as relevant: (i) environmental context and resources, (ii) knowledge, (iii) skills, (iv) social influences and (v) memory/attention and decision processes. Using the behaviour change wheel, the types of interventions deemed suitable were those based on training and environmental restructuring. Conclusion This study shows that doctors feel there is insufficient emphasis on geriatric pharmacotherapy in their undergraduate/postgraduate training. An intervention providing supplementary training, with particular emphasis on decision processes and dealing with social influences would be justified. This study has, however, uncovered many areas for potential intervention in the future.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The prevalence of migraine in neurologists

To assess the prevalence of migraine among neurologists and neurologist headache specialists, the authors performed a survey of neurologists who attended a headache review course. The 1-year and lifetime prevalences of migraine in the 220 respondents were as follows: male neurologists, 34.7%, 46.6%; male headache specialists, 59.3%, 71.9%; female neurologists, 58.1%, 62.8%; and female headache specialists, 74.1%, 81.5%. Migraine is much more prevalent among neurologists than in the general population.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Polymerization of isoprene in <i>n</i>‐heptane with triethylaluminum–titanium tetrachloride catalyst. I. Effect of Al/Ti ratio on stereoregularity, conversion, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution

Abstract The influence of the Al/Ti ratio of the heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst system AlEt 3 –TiCl 4 on the isoprene polymerization in n ‐heptane at 30°C in a bench scale reactor was investigated. Each batch run consisted of 50 mL isoprene, 200 mL n ‐heptane with 0.45 and 0.5g catalyst. Conversion of isoprene and molecular weights of polyisoprene increased with increasing Al/Ti ratio, reaching their maxima values at 1.0 and 1.2, respectively. Conversion and molecular weights decreased remarkably at a higher ratio of Al/Ti. As this ratio decreases from the value of 1.2 to 0.4, the cis 1,4 content in polyisoprene decreased from 97 to 25%. When the ratio of Al/Ti increased from 1.2 to 2.2 the cis ‐1,4 structure of polyisoprene decreased from 97 to 85%.

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences