jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sagittal Plane Alignment at the Lumbo-sacral Junction —

The mechanical action of the motion segment unit (MSU) is often modeled as two rigid bodies coupled together by simple spring elements which control the motion between the vertebral bodies (Fig. 1). The posterior ligaments and the disc are very compliant compared to vertebral bodies so that the distortions (strains) in the bodies can be ignored in comparison to the strains in the soft tissues. As an example, the normal flexion of the L4–5 MSU in an adult human is about 12°. Since the center of rotation in the sagittal plane is slightly anterior to the center of the vertebral bodies, the disc will compress anteriorly, distract posteriorly and the posterior ligaments will stretch during this range of motion (Fig. 2). In order to allow this motion, the anterior longitudinal ligament and annulus will compress about 1.6 mm. The posterior longitudinal ligament and posterior annulus will stretch about 1.3 mm, the facet capsule must stretch to allow about 1.6 mm of distraction at the joint and the intraspinous ligament must extend over 7 mm (that represents about 33% elongation in the intraspinous ligament)!

Topic: Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Internet-based patient information systems: what are they, why are they here, how will they be used, and will they work?

Web-based patient information systems are an emerging tool in the drive towards improving efficiency and effectiveness of health care. Providers and health plans may be able to achieve three key objectives with these systems: improve the health status of patients, improve marketing programs, and reduce costs. To discover what we know about these systems, we examine how they perform today, review the trends that are shaping their development, present a case study of a large East Coast HMO, and postulate future trends.

Topic: Electronic Health Records Systems
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Comparative Study of Survivor Outcomes between Preoperative Evaluation Using CT Alone and Combined CT and MRI in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

There were no significant differences in the recurrence pattern, DFS, or OS between patients evaluated with preoperative CT alone or with CT and MRI after curative resection of PDAC. Liver metastasis was the most common tumor recurrence pattern with the lowest OS.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACE IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS

This chapter looks at some of the practical aspects of working with a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) device today. The ultimate in BCI would be uploading of the brain into a computer. The Human Connectome Project represents the potential to do that. Similar to how the Human Genome Project sequenced the human genome-all the genes that make people who they are as an individual-the Human Connectome Project seeks to build a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain. The advance of consumer electroencephalography (EEG) devices opens the technology up to a whole new world of BCI options. Combining EEG technologies with other Internet of Things (IoT) technologies like heart rate monitoring, facial emotion recognition, and data mining will enhance the picture describing the brain and its functions. OpenBCI is targeted toward high-end research use. It most closely replicates clinical EEG hardware of all the other consumer EEG devices.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Acoustic phonon transport and thermal conductance associated with six types of vibration modes in quantum waveguide modulated with unsymmetrical structure

By using scattering matrix method,the acoustic phonon transport and thermal conductance associated with the six low-lying vibration modes were studied in quantum waveguide modulated with quantum dot.The results show that the cutoff frequency for the four types of acoustic modes is 0 Hz,while two types of optical modes are of nonzero cutoff frequency.The quantized thermal conductance plateau and the thermal conductance property of the single vibration mode related closely with the structure parameter of the waveguide and unsymmetrical structure and the thermal conductance of the different vibration modes show different characteristics.At very low temperatures,the thermal conductance of torsional mode is the most sensitive to the structural parameter.However,at very low temperatures,with the increase of temperature,the thermal conductance of the dilatational mode and the flexural mode in y direction is the most sensitive to the structural parameter.The thermal conductance of the single vibration mode can be adjusted by changing the structure parameter of quantum dot.

Topic: Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Keeney (William E.) Dutch Anabaptist Thought and Practice 1539-1564

Séguy Jean. Keeney (William E.) Dutch Anabaptist Thought and Practice 1539-1564 . In: Archives de sociologie des religions, n°27, 1969. p. 189.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Flexible and High-Performance Self-Organizing Feature Map Training Acceleration Circuit and Its Applications

Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is a type of artificial neural network based on an unsupervised learning algorithm. In this work, we present a circuit for accelerating SOFM training, which forms the foundation for an effective, efficient, and flexible SOFM training platform for different network geometries, including array, rectangular, and binary tree. FPGA validation was also conducted to examine the speedup ratio of this circuit when compared with training using software. In addition, we applied our design to three applications: chromaticity diagram learning, MNIST handwritten numeral auto-labeling, and image vector quantization. All three experiments show that the proposed circuit architecture indeed provides a high-performance and cost-effective solution to SOFM training.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 983418: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protein secondary structure prediction with ICA feature extraction

An original application of the independent component analysis (ICA) is presented in this work. This linear transformation method is used for feature extraction for a machine learning approach to the protein secondary structure prediction problem. PSI-blast profiles, built on NCBI's nonredundant protein database, have their dimensionality reduced through ICA method. The resulting components are used as input data to three artificial neural networks with 30, 35 or 40 nodes in the hidden layer. Those classifiers are trained with the RPROP algorithm and five rules are used for the combination of their outputs. The results achieved are compared with the best ones recently obtained in similar conditions, including experiments using principal component analysis (PCA) as feature extraction method, presenting the best result. The performance of each network individually achieved a Q/sub 3/ accuracy of 74.1% on average, using only 120 independent components. When the networks are combined with the product rule the performance achieved is 75.2%. This result is overcome only when the raw data are informed to the networks, when an accuracy of 75.9% is achieved.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Analysis of Foreign Exchange Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited

Among the 48 private banks in Bangladesh Mercantile Bank is one of the largest private bank.
They are one of the leading banks in Bangladeshi private sector banks. They have grown up
gradually since 1999 and today they are at 20 years experienced private bank which is successfully
operating in Bangladesh. To contribute in the social economic development of Bangladesh and the
large economy, Mercantile Bank has emerged to provide efficient Bank service and to contribute
in the socio economic development of our country as a commercial bank. 2nd June 1999
Mercantile Bank commenced its operation in Bangladesh. To provide broad range of financial
services and socio economic development over our country Mercantile Bank is working from its
beginning. For controlling Mercantile Bank the bank has managed to get eminent personalities of
commerce and industry from the real names of our country as their board of directors.
Bank is a financial institution which offers deposits against a certain percentage of interest. Subject
to withdrawal of the money on demand and giving loans to the retail or corporate sector against
with a handsome interest gain. There are different types of bank like Commercial Bank,
Investment Bank, International Bank and Islamic Bank etc.
The bank ok as unique history of its own which makes it different from the other private banks in
Bangladesh. Started its journey as an investment company back in 1999 to provide financial
services to its clients and our economy.
For drawing our GDP and the socio-economic position of our country the bank is providing high
quality services and lucrative uses of funds true financial products and offers to Institute its
constituents. To create greater employment opportunity, to help the industrialization revolution in
Bangladesh, to boost up export, minimizing import, provoking the youth to take micro credit and
shine in life by taking lucrative offers and loans from Mercantile Bank Limited. For modification
of poverty and improving people's lifestyle contributing in social economic development of
country and its people.
The center focus of Mercantile Bank Limited is to put together the resources and the investment
in the way to the industrial revolution of Bangladesh. Also providing investment and help for the
trade sections development of capital market and play important role in our country's economy.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Approximation Schemes for Orienteering and Deadline TSP in Doubling Metrics

In this paper we look at $k$-stroll, point-to-point orienteering, as well as the deadline TSP problem on graphs with bounded doubling dimension and bounded treewidth and present approximation schemes for them. Given a weighted graph $G=(V,E)$, start node $s\in V$, distances $d:E\rightarrow \mathbb{Q}^+$ and integer $k$. In the $k$-stroll problem the goal is to find a path starting at $s$ of minimum length that visits at least $k$ vertices. The dual problem to $k$-stroll is the rooted orienteering in which instead of $k$ we are given a budget $B$ and the goal is to find a walk of length at most $B$ starting at $s$ that visits as many vertices as possible. In the P2P orienteering we are given start and end nodes $s,t$ for the path. In the deadline TSP we are given a deadline $D(v)$ for each $v\in V$ and the goal is to find a walk starting at $s$ that visits as many vertices as possible before their deadline. The best approximation for rooted or P2P orienteering is $(2+ε)$-approximation [12] and $O(\log n)$-approximation for deadline TSP [3]. There is no known approximation scheme for deadline TSP for any metric (not even trees). Our main result is the first approximation scheme for deadline TSP on metrics with bounded doubling dimension. To do so we first show if $G$ is a metric with doubling dimension $κ$ and aspect ratio $Δ$, there is a $(1+ε)$-approximation that runs in time $n^{O\left(\left(\logΔ/ε\right)^{2κ+1}\right)}$. We then extend these to obtain an approximation scheme for deadline TSP when the distances and deadlines are integer which runs in time $n^{O\left(\left(\log Δ/ε\right)^{2κ+2}\right)}$. For graphs with treewidth $ω$ we show how to solve $k$-stroll and P2P orienteering exactly in polynomial time and a $(1+ε)$-approximation for deadline TSP in time $n^{O((ω\logΔ/ε)^2)}$.

Topic: Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identifying the Key Success Factors of Innovation for Improving the New Product Development Process

This chapter is concerned with the study of success factors identification in product innovation. The critical success factors are identified on the basis of project management software database and questionnaires concerning communication and quality management in new product development. The model of measuring innovation includes the indicators connected with the fields such as research and development, purchasing and materials management, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and communication. The proposed methodology enables merger of objective indices and subjective judgments with the use of fuzzy logic. In order to identify the relationships between product success and project environment parameters, the artificial neural networks are used.

Topic: Collaboration in agile enterprises
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The enhancement effect of social interaction on emotional contagion: an EEG-Based hyperscanning study

Emotional contagion refers to the tendency for individuals to replicate the emotional states of others primarily, within the context of social interactions. Prior research has focused on the real-time emotional contagion during interpersonal communication. However, this study proposes that social interaction experiences, particularly those involving cooperation, might also play a role in promoting emotional contagion. To investigate this issue, the present study divided participants into the interactive group and the control group and conducted EEG-based hyperscanning to explore the impact of interpersonal interaction experience on emotional contagion. Behavioral results indicated that individuals reported a greater psychological closeness to their partners after experiencing interaction. Additionally, the interactive group showed stronger emotional congruence between observers and senders. EEG results further demonstrated that inter-brain synchrony in the emotional contagion phase among the observer and sender of the interactive group was significantly higher than that of the control group and was significantly correlated with the observer's emotional state. This research suggests that social interaction experience may affect emotional contagion by altering the interpersonal dynamics. The present study adds to the understanding of how social interactions can shape emotional experiences and emphasizes that interpersonal experiences might be a key factor in promoting emotional contagion.

Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrating Agenda 2030 with Lean practices and Industry 4.0 Technologies: Case Study in an Automotive Industry

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Competitive companies constantly seek continuous increases in productivity, quality and services level. Lean Thinking (LT) is an efficient management model recognized in organizations and academia, with an effective management approach, well consolidated theoretically and empirically proven Within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) development concept, manufacturers are confident in the advantages of new technologies and system integration. The combination of Lean and I4.0 practices emerges from the existence of a positive interaction for the evolutionary step to achieve a higher operational performance level (exploitation of finances, workload, materials, machines/devices). In this scenario where Lean Thinking is an excellent starting point to implement such changes with a method and focus on results; that I4.0 offers powerful technologies to increase productivity and flexibility in production processes; but people need to be more considered in processes, in a context aligned with the Industry 5.0 (I5.0) concept created by the European Commission (2021), which represents a differentiated and broader focus, which includes: human-centric, sustainability and resilience, going beyond the production of goods and services solely for profit. Thus, an opportunity arises to discuss how the automotive industry can meet the Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by employing I5.0. This article aims to discuss the Agenda 2030 evolution in an automotive industry through the alignment and application of Lean and I4.0 technologies, to boost operational results, and thus correlate the 169 A3 project results through the A3 methodology application with the SDGs. Thus creating the opportunity to discuss the SDGs in the automotive industry, approach reflected that the mains SDG’s classified in the A3 projects are 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth (44%), 9 - Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (36%) and 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production (11%), those three present a result of 91% of mentions, because it is possible to classify the A3 project with more than one SDG’s. This article contributes to reinforcing the links between Lean Thinking, industrial digital transformation, and the SDGs, pointing out human implications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Digital Transformation in Industry
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bed stability variations after check dam construction in torrential channels (South‐East Spain)

Abstract The effects of check dams on the bed stability of torrential channels have been analysed in several tributary basins of the Segura and Guadalentín rivers (South‐East Spain). In order to illustrate the large variability in channel bed‐forms and bed sediment sizes along the stream, 52 reaches of 150 m in length were surveyed. This variability is due to the behaviour of check dams, which depends on bedrock control, bed slope, channel roughness, lateral sediment input and a highly variable sediment transport capacity. Though the purpose of check dams is to diminish the boundary shear stress, reducing the longitudinal slope, and to stabilize the channel bed, downstream they reduce the volume of channel‐stored material, favouring local scour processes, and upstream they can destabilize the sidewalls. The results enable us to evaluate the impact of every check dam on the bed morphology, distinguishing the structures installed in limy marl areas (e.g. catchment of the Cárcavo rambla, Cieza) and in schist and slate terrains (e.g. catchment of the Torrecilla rambla, close to Lorca). In the first type, bedrock and moderately thick granular beds predominate downstream from the check dams, so that the length of bedrock reaches and increase of roughness due to scour processes are the best indicators to verify its geomorphological effectiveness. On the other hand, the metamorphic areas drained by ramblas and gullies produce great quantities of gravel that are retained by check dams, creating more uniform and permeable beds, where the balance between sedimentation and scouring, and the ratio τ c84 / τ 0 (RBS), appear to be the parameters most frequently adopted to estimate the bed stability. Analysis of slope adjustments and the application of other indices to estimate the bed substrate stability (LRBS, SRI) and the structural influence of the dams (SIBS) corroborate the differences in bed stability found in the corrected reaches in each catchment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC) methodology does not allow the <i>in vitro</i> expansion of patient‐derived primary and metastatic lung cancer cells

Availability of tumor and non‐tumor patient‐derived models would promote the development of more effective therapeutics for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC) methodology demonstrated exceptional potential for the expansion of epithelial cells from patient tissues. However, the possibility to expand patient‐derived lung cancer cells using CRC protocols is controversial. Here, we used CRC approach to expand cells from non‐tumoral and tumor biopsies of patients with primary or metastatic NSCLC as well as pulmonary metastases of colorectal or breast cancers. CRC cultures were obtained from both tumor and non‐malignant tissues with extraordinary high efficiency. Tumor cells were tracked in vitro through tumorigenicity assay, monitoring of tumor‐specific genetic alterations and marker expression. Cultures were composed of EpCAM+ lung epithelial cells lacking tumorigenic potential. NSCLC biopsies‐derived cultures rapidly lost patient‐specific genetic mutations or tumor antigens. Similarly, pulmonary metastases of colon or breast cancer generated CRC cultures of lung epithelial cells. All CRC cultures examined displayed epithelial lung stem cell phenotype and function. In contrast, brain metastatic lung cancer biopsies failed to generate CRC cultures. In conclusion, patient‐derived primary and metastatic lung cancer cells were negatively selected under CRC conditions, limiting the expansion to non‐malignant lung epithelial stem cells from either tumor or non‐tumor tissue sources. Thus, CRC approach cannot be applied for direct therapeutic testing of patient lung tumor cells, as the tumor‐derived CRC cultures are composed of (non‐tumoral) airway basal cells.

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences