jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-based Handwritten Signature Verification using Acoustic Signals

Handwritten signature verification techniques, which can facilitate user authentication and enable secure information exchange, are still important in property safety. However, on-line automatic handwritten signature verification usually requires dynamic handwritten patterns captured by a special device, such as a sensor-instrumented pen, a tablet or a smartwatch on the dominant hand. This paper presents SonarSign, an on-line handwritten signature verification system based on inaudible acoustic signals. The key insight is to use acoustic signals to capture the dynamic handwritten signature patterns for verification. Particularly, SonarSign exploits the built-in speakers and microphones of smartphones to transmit a specially designed training sequence and record the corresponding echo for channel impulse response (CIR) estimation, respectively. Based on the sensitivity of CIR to the tiny surrounding environment changes including handwritten signature actions, SonarSign designs an attentional multi-modal Siamese network for end-to-end signatures verification. First, multi-modal CIR streams are fused to extract representative signature pattern features from spatio-temporal dimensions. Then an attentional Siamese network is elaborated to verify whether the given two signatures are from the same signatory. Extensive experiments in real-world scenarios show that SonarSign can achieve accurate and robust signatures verification with an AUC (Area Under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curve) of 98.02% and an EER (Equal Error Rate) of 5.79% for unseen users.

Topic: Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Novel Approach of Designing of a Low-Cost Artificial Ventilators

Abstract In addition to expected ventilator scarcity, induced by the disease outbreak of COVID-19, several organizations have Low-cost emergency breathing apparatuses have been developed. Pressure-cycled pneumatic ventilators are some of these devices that are easy to be using. The signaling or alert features are produced but often not included, on industrial ventilators. This article reports a simplified, simple electronic pressure-cycled respirator sensor &amp; alert device that measures theoretically efficient parameters such as strain &amp; respiratory rate &amp; sounds of alarm; when the respirator malfunctions. A signal processing is for low complexity. A set of time-varying recursive envelope trackers are used in the algorithm to Signal control from a wired digital pressure sensor Trachea of the client. Measurements on each specimen such that it can operate on virtually every test on a microcontroller.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Metastatic Testicular Cancer

We investigated the prognostic utility of pre-chemotherapy neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) undergoing first-line chemotherapy. We utilized two institutional databases to analyze the pretreatment-derived NLR (dNLR). Predictive accuracy was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for the international germ cell cancer collaborative group (IGCCCG) risk classification. Discriminatory accuracy was evaluated by determining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). In total, 569 of 690 patients had available dNLR (IGCCCG: good, 64%; intermediate, 21%; poor, 16%). The 5-year and 10-year overall survivals (OSs) for good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were 96.2%, 92.8%, and 62.7% and 93.9%, 90.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. A dNLR of 2 provided the best discriminatory accuracy with an AUROC of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.52–0.65, p = 0.01) for progression-free survival (PFS), whereas for OS, a dNLR of 3 provided the best discriminatory accuracy with an AUROC of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53–0.70, p &lt; 0.01). A dNLR &gt; 2 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.99 (95% CI: 1.27–3.12, p &lt; 0.01) for PFS, which lost its effect after adjustment for IGCCCG (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.90–2.30, p = 0.13). For OS, a dNLR &gt;3 was associated with an HR of 3.00 (95% CI: 1.79–5.01, p &lt; 0.01), but lost its effect after adjustment for IGCCCG. Systemic inflammation plays a role in metastatic GCT, but its prognostic utility beyond established algorithms is limited. The general prognostic value of NLR can be seen across a number of tumors, although the consistency and magnitude of the effect differ according to cancer type, disease stage, and treatment received. We identified that an elevated NLR was associated with an adverse PFS and OS, but not independent of the IGCCCG risk classification. dNLRs &gt;2 and &gt;3 were associated with an adverse PFS and OS, respectively, in patients with metastatic GCT receiving first-line chemotherapy, but not independent of the IGCCCG risk classification.

Topic: Testicular diseases and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mesoscale structure of a polar low with strong upper-level forcing

Dry air descending within the circulation of a polar low was observed to give a striking signature in the echo return from an upward-looking VHF radar. Data from this radar, along with weather-radar data, satellite imagery and output from limited-area and mesoscale versions of the Met Office Unified Model, are synthesized to depict the mesoscale structure of the weather system. The polar low had a compact vortex centred near 3 km, a cold core below this level, and a warm core above. Attribution of quasi-geostrophic forcing showed that on the larger scale the polar low was dominated by upper-level forcing. The detailed mesoscale analysis showed that the polar low, during its mature phase, was affected by a stratospheric intrusion that brought air from near tropopause level down to 3 km to give the striking signature in the VHF radar echo pattern. The echo pattern also suggested that thin tongues of this stratospheric, or near-stratospheric, air were penetrating slantwise down a further several hundred metres, above the shallow cloud constituting the southern end of an archetypal cloud head. It is argued that this may be a locally important region of mixing between air originating near the tropopause and the boundary layer. In more general terms, the study demonstrates the ability of the operational mesoscale model to represent various small-scale features. The study also helps in developing the interpretation of the patterns of clear-air radar echo observed with VHF radar.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
BCDRRLE: A Bidirectional Cross-Dynamic Round Robin Learning Encoder Model for Medical Sentence Similarity (Preprint)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> In recent years, the construction of medical informatization has achieved remarkable results. A large number of electronic medical records are stored in medical electronic systems. With the continuous progress and development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, researchers are focusing their attention on developing Artificial intelligence (AI) systems using large electronic health records (EHRs). How to efficiently retrieve and recommend similar content from massive EHRs is an urgent problem to be solved. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This paper mainly solves the following problems for medical text similarity—(1)our model can effectively alleviate the problem of insufficient data in supervised learning (2)existing methods cannot generate high-quality sentence vectors (3) how to mine enough knowledge from unsupervised data? </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We propose a bidirectional cross-dynamic polling learning encoder model. This model uses semi-supervised learning to generate high-quality sentence vectors when there is a small amount of labeled data. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Our proposed Bidirectional Cross-Dynamic Round Robin Learning Encoder(BCDRRLE)structural model outperforms state-of-the-art models on three medical text sentence similarity datasets. Furthermore, our model can also produce higher-quality sentence representations. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed BCDRRLE structure model can still produce very good results in the case of a small amount of data. By introducing contrastive learning and an enhanced version of the denoising autoencoder, our model can efficiently produce high-quality sentence representations. Our proposed dynamic polling learning algorithm helps to further improve the performance of the model. Our approach not only yields better performance but is also more general and can be extended to other related task domains that use text representations. </sec>

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Shadows of laser spots in CCD and their mechanism

The transient distortion of a CCD under laser irradiation is explored.A HS-41-02K30 camera with a linear CCD image sensor is irradiated by a 532 nm CW laser,and the experiment shows that a laser spot and three dark spots with the similar size and shape appear in the direction of photosensitive array with an equal space synchronously.These dark spots are a transient distortion phenomenon of the CCD camera under laser irradiation,and are named the shadows of laser spot in this article.The regularity and generation mechanism of the shadow phenomenon are analyzed.It suggests that the inner mechanism of generating shadows is the interaction between four parallel readout circuits of CCD which share the same bias.The expression describing the interaction is deduced,which indicates that reducing the resistance between the bias source and the common node of four readout circuits can weaken the shadow phenomenon,and using four voltage sources to provide bias for four readout circuits respectively can eliminate the shadow phenomenon.Obtained results point out that the expression deduced by this paper not only can explain the shadow phenomenon but also can provide references for the design of CCD in weakening and eliminating the shadow phenomenon.

Topic: Ocular and Laser Science Research
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electric energy planning in Namibe, Angola: Inserting renewable energies in search of a sustainable energy mix

The socioeconomic development of any region requires electricity for operating the various sectors of the economy. Sometimes energy is scarce, not only because of the lack of energy resources, but also because energy policy is inadequate or non-existent. This paper examines the situation in the province of Namibe, Angola, characterising the energy sector, and proposing an energy mix for the security of electricity supply, environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Using the Long-range Energy Alternative and Planning System, energy scenarios were simulated and the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for the period 2014-2040 calculated and analysed. The most sustainable scenario, in terms of energy mix diversification and GHG reduction, as well as the least costly (considering electricity production and carbon costs), has an increase of hydro capacity and the insertion of wind, solar photovoltaic, thermoelectric sources and natural gas. Given the intermittency of photovoltaic and wind systems, natural gas appears in this scenario as a way to avoid interruptions in the electricity supply. This scenario is the one with the largest production reserve margin of 24.47 %, and emissions are avoided at 386 550 tCO2eq compared to the base scenario in 2040. Energy policymakers can take this scenario as a model to assist in making decisions on how power capacities can be installed over the planned time for the desired energy output.

Topic: Energy and Environment Impacts
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
$G_2$ Laplacian flow and higher codimensional spacelike mean curvature flow

It is known that higher codimensional mean curvature flow appears naturally in the $G_2$-Laplacian flow of coassociative fibrations. With this motivation, we consider entire higher codimensional mean curvature flow in $\mathbb R^{n,m}$ of $n$-dimensional spacelike manifolds and prove a long time existence theorem starting from arbitrary spacelike initial data. We will see that the key to the proof is to demonstrate local spacelike gradient estimates, and to get around difficulties with cutoff functions in $\mathbb R^{n,m}$. This yields new long time existence results for the $G_2$-Laplacian flow.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD 102RVUV #104281.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Outcome and Follow-up of Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma Diagnosed ă on Operative Hysteroscopic Resection Specimens

Aim: To study outcomes of patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma ă (EC) after histological analysis of endometrial resections retrieved ă during operative hysteroscopy performed for a presumed benign lesion. ă Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical ă records of patients who underwent operative hysteroscopy for a presumed ă benign lesion with a final diagnosis of EC between January 1994 and ă April 2014 in two tertiary academic centers. Results: A total of 29 ă patients were selected. International federation of gynecology and ă obstetrics (FIGO) classification was distributed as follows: 16 stages ă IA, 7 stages IB, 4 stages II and 2 stages III. Peritoneal cytology was ă positive in one case (stage IIIA). Median follow-up was 4.2 years ă (range=0.3-20.51). Two deaths were observed and were attributed to ă endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Operative hysteroscopy does not appear ă to influence stage of EC nor cause retrograde seeding of EC for 27/29 ă (93%) patients. For 2 patients, the impact of operative hysteroscopy ă remains uncertain.

Topic: Gynecological conditions and treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Bacteriological characterization of gingivitis-inducing plaque depending on different sugar levels of the diet].

In a time period of 21 days an experimental gingivitis was induced in 8 volunteers. Four volunteers received a carbohydrate-reduced, the other 4 persons a carbohydrate-enriched diet. Clinical investigations on the development of plaque and gingivitis and bacteriological examinations of the supragingival microflora were performed simultaneously. The change in the composition of the supragingival plaque-microflora were nearly independent of the amount of food-carbohydrate. In the beginning of the experiment all volunteers had an almost pure streptococcal microflora but during the course of the experiment, the supragingival flora developed to a complex microflora with 50% anaerobes. The reduction of the number of streptococci was accompanied by an increase in the number of Gram-negative rods and actinomycetes. The development of gingivitis in persons with carbohydrate-enriched food was more rapid than in persons with carbohydrate-reduced food. It was striking that the occurrence of clinical symptoms correlated with the increase of the number of Actinomyces viscosus in the plaque material.

Topic: Oral and gingival health research
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Breeding and Application of Quality Rice Restorer Line Yihui 4245

Yihui 4245,developed from the cross of 81136/Y ihui 1//Yihui 1577 by the Rice Institute of Yibin Academy of Agricultural Scienc es,is a restorer line with good grain quality in rice.It is characteristic of good plant type,strong restoring ability,good grain quality and favorable flow ering habits with heavy pollen load.With good grain quality meeting the 3rd class of standards for indica rice issued by the Ministry of Agriculture,its F1 hybrid Yixiang 4245(Yixiang 1 A/Yihui 4245) was registered and released t o commercial production by Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee i n 2009.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors Controlling Dead Wood Decomposition in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest in Central Europe

Dead wood represents an important pool of carbon and nitrogen in forest ecosystems. This source of soil organic matter has diverse ecosystem functions that include, among others, carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, information is limited on how deadwood properties such as chemical composition, decomposer abundance, community composition, and age correlate and affect decomposition rate. Here, we targeted coarse dead wood of beech, spruce, and fir, namely snags and tree trunks (logs) in an old-growth temperate forest in central Europe; measured their decomposition rate as CO2 production in situ; and analyzed their relationships with other measured variables. Respiration rate of dead wood showed strong positive correlation with acid phosphatase activity and negative correlation with lignin content. Fungal biomass (ergosterol content) and moisture content were additional predictors. Our results indicate that dead wood traits, including tree species, age, and position (downed/standing), affected dead wood chemical properties, microbial biomass, moisture condition, and enzyme activity through changes in fungal communities and ultimately influenced the decomposition rate of dead wood.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Raising Education Achievement and Breaking the Cycle of Inequality in the United Kingdom

Globalisation, together with skill-biased technical change, is changing the composition of jobs in advanced economies and raising the level of skills required to do them. This has increased the importance of educating a large proportion of the population to much higher standards than in the past. The government in the United Kingdom has responded to this challenge by raising education spending and expanding the capacity of the education system in key areas such as pre-primary education and increasing participation in education beyond the age of 16. Nevertheless, performance on international tests of cognitive ability remains significantly below the standards of the best performing OECD countries and the education system seems to be particularly poor at ensuring good performance of pupils in the middle to bottom half of the education performance distribution. A renewed sense of urgency, together with some new approaches, is required to address the United Kingdom’s relative underperformance in literacy and numeracy. This paper proposes a number of avenues for encouraging a higher level of educational attainment, without significant further increases in expenditure.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

Safety in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is achieved by strict adherence to the cardinal principles of proper evaluation and selection of patients, the use of prophylactic vasopressors, preanesthetic establishment of a reliable intravenous channel, small doses of the local anesthetic, close monitoring and maintenance of systolic blood pressure above 100 mm. Hg, and avoidance of ergot compounds in the presence of vasopressors.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ACCURATE CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-DEGREE MODES USING MDI OBSERVATIONS

We present the first accurate characterization of high-degree modes, derived using the best Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) full-disk full-resolution data set available. A 90 day long time series of full-disk 2 arcsec pixel−1 resolution Dopplergrams was acquired in 2001, thanks to the high rate telemetry provided by the Deep Space Network. These Dopplergrams were spatially decomposed using our best estimate of the image scale and the known components of MDI's image distortion. A multi-taper power spectrum estimator was used to generate power spectra for all degrees and all azimuthal orders, up to ℓ = 1000. We used a large number of tapers to reduce the realization noise, since at high degrees the individual modes blend into ridges and thus there is no reason to preserve a high spectral resolution. These power spectra were fitted for all degrees and all azimuthal orders, between ℓ = 100 and ℓ = 1000, and for all the orders with substantial amplitude. This fitting generated in excess of 5.2 × 106 individual estimates of ridge frequencies, line widths, amplitudes, and asymmetries (singlets), corresponding to some 5700 multiplets (ℓ, n). Fitting at high degrees generates ridge characteristics, characteristics that do not correspond to the underlying mode characteristics. We used a sophisticated forward modeling to recover the best possible estimate of the underlying mode characteristics (mode frequencies, as well as line widths, amplitudes, and asymmetries). We describe in detail this modeling and its validation. The modeling has been extensively reviewed and refined, by including an iterative process to improve its input parameters to better match the observations. Also, the contribution of the leakage matrix on the accuracy of the procedure has been carefully assessed. We present the derived set of corrected mode characteristics, which includes not only frequencies, but line widths, asymmetries, and amplitudes. We present and discuss their uncertainties and the precision of the ridge-to-mode correction schemes, through a detailed assessment of the sensitivity of the model to its input set. The precision of the ridge-to-mode correction is indicative of any possible residual systematic biases in the inferred mode characteristics. In our conclusions, we address how to further improve these estimates, and the implications for other data sets, like GONG+ and HMI.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences