jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of food‐grade expression system for <scp>d</scp>‐allulose 3‐epimerase preparation with tandem isoenzyme genes in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> and its application in conversion of cane molasses to <scp>D</scp>‐allulose

Abstract D ‐Allulose 3‐epimerase (DAE) has been applied to produce D ‐allulose, a low‐calorie and functional sweetener. In this study, a new DAE from Paenibacillus senegalensis was characterized in Escherichia coli . Furthermore, we presented a tandem isoenzyme gene expression strategy to express multiple DAEs in one cell and construct food‐grade expression systems based on Corynebacterium glutamicum . Seventeen expression cassettes based on three DAE genes from different organisms were constructed. Among all recombinant strains, DAE16 harboring three DAE genes in an expression vector exhibited the highest enzyme activity with 22.7 U/mg. Whole‐cell transformation of DAE16 produced 225 g/L D ‐allulose with a volumetric productivity of 353 g·g −1 ·hr −1 . The catalytic efficiency of strain C‐DAE9 integrating total 11 DAE genes in chromosome was 16.4‐fold higher than strains carrying one DAE. Fed‐batch culture of C‐DAE9 gave enzyme activity of 44,700 U/L. We also expressed a thermostable invertase in C. glutamicum and obtained enzyme activity of 29 U/mg. Immobilized cells expressing DAE or invertase exhibited 80% of retained activity after 30 cycles of catalytic reactions. Those immobilized cells were coupled to produce 61.2 g/L D ‐allulose from cane molasses in a two‐step reaction process. This study provided an efficient approach for enzyme preparation and allowed access to produce D ‐allulose from other abundant and low‐cost feedstock enriched with sucrose.

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Factors Inducing Contractors’ Unethical Behavior: Case of China

The construction industry is experiencing more serious ethical problems than ever before. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the inducers of individuals' unethical behavior in contractors' organizations in the Chinese construction industry; and (2) investigate the interrelationships among these inducers. Based on a literature review and interviews, 18 factors inducing unethical behavior were identified, and a questionnaire survey was performed, which garnered 129 responses. The results showed that 13 inducers were significantly important, and that "cost pressures," "inadequate sanctions," and "absence of ethics systems" were the top three inducers of unethical behavior. Additionally, the 18 inducers were categorized into 5 underlying groupings: culture-related inducers; policy environment; project pressures; individual traits; and organizational climate. Further analysis results indicated that culture-related inducers indirectly influence organizational climate through their direct impact on policy environment, project pressures, and individual traits. The proposed framework describing the inducers and the intergrouping relationships provides an understanding of the formation mechanism of contractors' unethical behavior.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hypothesis Discrimination with Abstractions based on Observation and Action Costs

Several explanation and interpretation tasks, such as diagnosis, plan recognition and image interpretation, can be formalized as abductive and consistency reasoning. Some proposals address the problem based on a task-independent representation of a domain which includes an ontology or taxonomy of hypotheses. In this paper we rely on the same type of representation, and we address cost tradeoffs in abduction intended as an iterative process where, like in model-based diagnosis, further observations are proposed to discriminate among candidates. Discrimination is performed up to an appropriate level which depends on the cost of actions (e.g. repair actions or therapy) to be taken based on the results of abduction, and on the cost of additional observations, which should be balanced with the benefits, in terms of more suitable actions, of better discrimination. Abstractions have a significant impact on this trade-off, given that the cost of observing the same phenomenon at different levels of abstraction may be quite different.

Topic: AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SRNPD: Spatial rendering network for pencil drawing stylization

Abstract Pencil drawing is a simple yet effective way to depict what people see by clearly presenting details of the scene. Existing methods usually extract strokes of the input image and adjust the result image tone to make it look like a pencil drawing. However, they do not consider the quality of the stroke image and the geometry information of lines in the stroke image, which unavoidably results in the violation of original essential structures and in a flatten pencil drawing with unrealistic appearance. We put forward a spatial rendering network for pencil drawing stylization. Spatial stroke images are extracted from the image pyramid by a single‐shot bottom‐up neural network to improve the quality of these stroke images. Unlike the former tone adjustment–based methods, we analyze perceptual cues of strokes at different stroke image levels and use the obtained geometry information to constrain the stroke shading procedure. The final pencil drawing result is achieved by the stroke shading fusion of different levels' shading results. The effectiveness of our spatial rendering network for pencil drawing stylization is demonstrated by an ablation study, comparison to the state of the art, and a user study.

Topic: Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Method of Sensitivity Analysis and Precision Prediction for Geometric Errors of Five-axis Machine Tools Based on Multi-body System Theory

Abstract In order to ensure the mechanical performance and machining accuracy of the machine tool, the problem of mutual deviations of the machine tool moving parts in the machining process, which cause machining errors and subsequent accuracy prediction difficulties, is solved.Firstly, the structure and motion mechanism of the machine tool are analysed, and a static accuracy model of the machine tool machining posture relationship is established using multi-body system theory and coordinate transformation, and the measured deviation values are fitted and solved according to the formula, and the geometric error law affecting machining accuracy and the distribution of machining point error values in the machine tool motion space are explored. Then the response surface method is used to simplify the solution. Finally, the blade is selected as the machined part and the machining trajectory is extracted for experiments to obtain the error distribution range of the machining surface of the blade.The final experimental results surface, along the Z-directional component and the integrated average compensation rate reached 42.6% and 89.6% respectively, verifying the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energy price shocks and external balances

Abstract This paper studies the impact of a wide set of energy price shocks on external balances using a two‐country framework comprising multiple sectors and endogenous energy production with convex costs. The paper disentangles different demand and supply shocks in the energy market through their distinct impact on external balances. It provides a theoretical confirmation of Kilian et al. (2009) and a theoretical foundation to the determining role of the non‐energy trade balance in the transmission of energy price shocks. The presence of durables also highlights the immediate channel through which energy prices impact the non‐energy trade balance.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
#493 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implant in a pregnant patient: case report

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with a breast implant (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma first described in 1997 and officially recognized by the WHO in 2016. The diagnosis is made based on aspiration of the fluid around the implant and the positivity of the CD30 sample. In the world literature 3 cases of BIA-ALCL associated with pregnancy are described. <h3>Methodology</h3> A 36-year-old woman with gestation age (GA) 26 weeks was admitted with pain in the left breast 5 years after bilateral augmentation. Upon admission, there were no obvious signs of neoplasia or lymphadenopathy. According to ultrasound of the mammary glands and regional lymph nodes, there were no changes outside the periprosthetic capsule. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed. Immunocytochemical examination of periprosthetic fluid: tumor cells positive for CD30, CD4, CD2, negative for ALK, Pan SC (AE1/AE3), which corresponds to the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs, abdominal cavity, MRI of the chest (non-contrast): bilateral seromas on the periphery of breast implants, absence of other pathological formations (stage IA according to the TNM classification) (figure 1). Surgical treatment with the explantation of endoprostheses and the surrounding fibrous capsule in a single block on both sides at 29 weeks GA. <h3>Results</h3> Dynamic monitoring with no signs of progression up to vaginal delivery (40 weeks GA) was performed. A healthy girl, Apgar 8/9, was born. Follow-up including 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed 3 and 12 months after delivery: no pathological changes were detected. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The described case complements the limited available data on this topic, emphasizing that BIA-ALCL should be taken into account for diagnosis in the presence of spontaneous periprosthetic seroma with late onset even during pregnancy and that histological diagnostic signs of the disease do not differ in a pregnant woman. <h3>Disclosures</h3> Nothing to disclose

Topic: Breast Implant and Reconstruction
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Real-Time 3D Avatars for Tele-rehabilitation in Virtual Reality

Abstract. We present work in progress on a tele-immersion system for telerehabilitation using real-time stereo vision and virtual environments. Stereo reconstruction is used to capture user’s 3D avatar in real time and project it into a shared virtual environment, enabling a patient and therapist to interact remotely. Captured data can also be used to analyze the movement and provide feedback to the patient as we present in a preliminary study of stepping-in-place task. Such tele-presence system could in the future allow patients to interact remotely with remote physical therapist and virtual environment while objectively tracking their performance.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[<sup>99m</sup> Tc] Tc‐MDP bone SPECT/CT diagnosing unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis with secondary AVN in a patient with misleading knee pain

Abstract Bone scan is highly sensitive whole‐body imaging with relative low radiation in patients with non‐localized skeletal symptoms. Patient is 12‐year‐old boy with Down syndrome, suffering recent claudication and exacerbated left knee pain unable to walk even with crutches. Three‐dimensional Single photon emission computed tomography/Computed tomography (SPECT/CT) detected left slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and secondary Avascular necrosis (AVN).

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contrasting Contrastive Left-Dislocation Explications

Abstract Of the three logically possible approaches to contrastive left-dislocation (CLD) (base-generation cum deep anaphora; movement cum surface anaphora; elliptical clausal juxtaposition cum resumption), two are represented prominently in the recent literature. Ott’s (2014) account treats CLD uniformly in terms of clausal juxtaposition, the first clause being stripped down to its contrastive topic via an ellipsis operation said to be akin to sluicing. He argues that this analysis is superior to Grohmann’s (2003) approach, featuring movement within a single prolific domain and late spell-out of a resumptive element. Using data mainly from Hungarian and Dutch, we reveal problems for Ott’s biclausal account that undermine its apparent conceptual appeal and compromise its descriptive accuracy. We show that the ellipsis operation required is sui generis, that the approach fails to assimilate the crosslinguistic variation attested in the availability of multiple CLD to known cases of parametric variation in the left periphery, and that it undergenerates in several empirical domains, including P-stranding and “floated” arguments. Grohmann’s movement-cum-surface-anaphora analysis as it stands also cannot handle all these data, but it can be fixed to fit the facts. For Ott’s analysis, no patches seem available. Some further empirical properties of CLD appear underivable from either of these approaches. For these, the base-generation-cum-deep-anaphora analysis can be considered.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Alexander Tsesis . We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law . New Haven : Yale University Press . 2008 . Pp. x, 369. $35.00.

In an introduction and thirteen chapters, Alexander Tsesis retraces mostly well-traveled paths and positions on the rhetorical bases of liberal democracy in the United States. Opening his extended essay of broad propositions and thumbnail historical sketches with the American Revolution's beginning in the 1760s, Tsesis locates what he casts as the ideological origins of American law's abiding commitment to civil rights. Using history as an investigative tool, he cobbles together his theoretical argument that, from its outset in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787, the United States has guaranteed substantive protections to civil rights. He does not, however, distinguish between civil rights and civil liberties. Nor does he always distinguish among or between civil rights, human rights, individual rights, personal rights, or natural rights. He uses terms such as equality, liberty, and rights as if their meanings and usage have always been fixed, consistent, and unvarying. He makes terms often seem synonymous, and in many places loose and slippery terminology sinks his discussion.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A review of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies as a treatment of depression as a behavioural and psychological symptom of vascular dementia

Introduction Vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for approximately 15% of all cases of dementia. While there are many different definitions of vascular dementia, it is generally understood to refer to “disease with a cognitive impairment resulting from cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic or haemorrhagic brain injury”. Research suggests that 30% of patients with VaD also suffer from depression. The treatment of depression in VaD with pharmacological therapy is relatively well-established, with the first line drug being a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However, a relatively under-researched area is the use of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies for the treatment of depression in VaD. Objectives This review aims to provide a critical analysis on the efficacy and safety of brain stimulation therapies in treating depression in VaD to determine whether it is an appropriate treatment option. Methods The databases used were PubMed and WebofScience. The available literature was analysed which resulted in three papers which met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. Results In all three studies, depressive symptoms improved after ECT was administered, regardless of the specific tool used to measure the severity of depression. The side effects experienced were also only temporary and resolved independently which speaks to the safety of ECT as a treatment option. Conclusions The results of the study prove that ECT is a safe and effective option in treating depression in VaD. However, more research is needed for the medical community to fully understand the different treatment options and say with certainty which is the safest and most effective. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Treatment regimens and outcomes of cutaneous diphtheria in migrant children and adolescents in Germany, June 2022 – October 2023

Introduction: Diphtheria is a rare, potentially lethal upper respiratory tract infection that causes systemic illness associated with toxemia. In Western countries – where diphtheria is not endemic – unspecific wound infections due to toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains are usually [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rapid Diagnosis of Methylmalonic and Propionic Acidemias

Methylmalonic acidemias (MMAs) and propionic acidemias (PAs) comprise a group of congenital disorders of branched-chain amino acid metabolism (1). PA is caused by deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, whereas MMA results from deficiency of either methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or defects in the production of adenosylcobalamin. Deficiency of vitamin B12, a cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, will also produce signs and symptoms consistent with MMA (2)(3)(4). Other biochemically closely related disorders are the cobalamin (Cbl) defects, classified as forms A through G (5). Clinical signs and symptoms include failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, persistent ketotic episodes, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hyperammonemia, and neurologic symptoms (6). Children with PA, MMA, or Cbl disorders often present with acute illness as neonates or infants. Treatment of MMA and PA includes careful monitoring and limitation of branched-chain amino acid intake (4) as well as possible supplementation with biotin, vitamin B12, and l-carnitine (7).

Tests for the diagnosis of MMA and PA are most often performed on urine, plasma, and whole-blood samples and involve gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of organic acids (8)(9)(10)(11). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used to semiquantitatively identify presymptomatic and affected infants (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Confirmation of these test results may involve enzymatic or DNA analysis (1). We report the validation of a high-throughput method for the analysis of acylcarnitine butyl esters in infants with these disorders and include the results from a prospective study of the occurrence of PA and MMA in nearly 1 million newborns screened using MS/MS.

Dried filter-paper blood samples were obtained from newborns (908 543 specimens) and infants ≥7 days of age (255 specimens). Samples were prepared and analyzed for acylcarnitines as butyl esters by electrospray MS/MS as …

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Religious literacy and Pakistan's pluralist potential

A diverse and pluralistic society is one that amiably accepts and engages people from all social, cultural, linguistic, racial, ethnic, political, and religious backgrounds.In the era of globalization, an extremism born of fundamentalism (within all religions) has kept the world hostage.Tolerance is eroding due to fundamentalism in countries where clergy encourage their communities to remove themselves from the world, if not demonize those not like them.Cross-cultural religious literacy is necessary to fight this trend in order to protect, preserve, and promote a pluralistic society where people believe, accept, and respect each other despite different beliefs, ethnicity, etc.Some Pakistani intellectuals have argued that this kind of pluralism is fully compatible with Islam.For example the Pakistani Muslim theologian Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 1 emphasizes dialogue and engagement in a Muslim society (Khan 2015).This approach seeks to not offend religious feelings of religious or non-religious quarters, by giving reference to the Qur'an (especially its support for diversity and pluralism).However, most people in Pakistan consider even religion-friendly or neutral forms of "secularism" as disbelief, even unIslamic.Mufti Taqi Usmani 2 (2015) responded to Ghamidi's approach as advocacy for a "godless" secularism that is inconsistent with Islam.Unfortunately, but nevertheless illustrative of the current context in Pakistan, Ghamidi received death threats for his "moderate" views and left Pakistan for Malaysia.Another Islamic scholar and Vice Chancellor of Swat University, Dr. Muhammad Farooq, was assassinated for his views against radicals."Religious literacy" can have different meanings in different faiths and contexts.However, in a conservative Muslim society, generally speaking, it is understood to mean someone who is literate in religious (Islamic) education.This raises many important questions: If an individual is religiously literate, would s/he accept and tolerate a multi-faith society?Will s/he be able to encourage and engage others in the society to accept and respect diversity and pluralism as a function, even requirement, of his/her own faith?Are religiously literate people able to discuss religious issues without fear of discrimination?These and many other questions lead us to ask ourselves whether or not it is possible to have cross-cultural religious literacy in a religiously conservative state defined by a majority religion.Some believe that religious literacy enables individuals to make informed choices about beliefs which increase and influence their moral understanding, respect, and tolerance for

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biosynthesis of Corrinoids and Porphyrinoids. XI. Source of Oxaloacetic Acid for Uroporphyrinogen III Biosynthesis in Arthrobacter hyalinus.

The source of oxaloacetic acid, required for the synthesis of porphyrins in Arthrobacter hyalinus, was examined by means of a feeding experiment with [1, 3-13C2]glycerol, which is transformed to pyruvic acid. A half of the carbon dioxide liberated from pyruvic acid in the formation of acetyl CoA was utilized for carboxylation of pyruvic acid to generate oxaloacetic acid.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DYNAMIC MODEL BASED STATE ESTIMATION IN A HEAVY DUTY DIESEL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM FOR ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS AND CONTROLS

Estimating un-measurable states is an important component for onboard diagnostics (OBD) and control strategy development in diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems. This research focuses on the development of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based state estimator for two of the main components in a diesel engine aftertreatment system: the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst. One of the key areas of interest is the performance of these estimators when the catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is being actively regenerated.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences