jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unique distribution patterns of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with superficial carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus

Abstract Background Lymph node metastasis is commonly found in carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus, even when the tumour invades only the submucosa. Although lymph node status greatly influences the outcome, the pattern of early lymphatic spread has not been investigated, and the role of lymph node dissection is still a matter of controversy. Methods A series of 110 patients with superficial carcinoma who underwent systematic extended lymph node dissection was investigated retrospectively. Results Lymph node involvement was found in 0 per cent (none of nine), 23 per cent (five of 22) and 49 per cent (38 of 78) of tumours that invaded the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa and submucosa respectively. Anatomically distant lymph nodes (recurrent nerve nodes and perigastric nodes) were involved more frequently than other intrathoracic nodes adjacent to the main tumour. Only three patients had involvement limited to the intrathoracic group, and in carcinoma that invaded only the muscularis mucosae, all metastatic nodes were located at the thoracocervical junction or in the abdomen. The 5-year survival rate was 89 per cent in the node-negative group and 54 per cent in the node-positive group (P &amp;lt; 0·0003). Conclusion The recurrent nerve nodes and perigastric nodes are the principal proximal regional lymph nodes involved in superficial carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus. Systematic lymph node dissection, which included these nodes, yielded an acceptable and favourable outcome in patients with node-positive superficial carcinoma.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The character of soldier fly distribution (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) in Eastern Europe

A total of 81 soldier fly species (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) belonging to 4 subfamilies occur in Eastern Europe (the East European Plain and Ciscaucasia). This fauna is compared to that of Western Europe and the chorological analysis of species found in Eastern Europe is given. According to the type of the geographic range, 13 species-groups and several subgroups were distinguished. Northern range borders in Eastern Europe and eastern borders of distribution of some species are discussed. The ratio between different subfamilies in the number of species in different parts of the territory under study is demonstrated.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The 'Liminal Self': Evoking a critical dialogue around self-representation in contemporary arts practice

This exegesis explores concepts and techniques for extending the photographic self-portraiture into self-representation in relation to the concept of liminality. The research question – How can critical dialogues around self-representation be evoked through contemporary arts practice? – is explored through the concept of the liminal self. I argue that the creation of this liminal self opens up a space of contestation that disrupts assumed paradigms of self-portraiture, the photographic image, and image-reproductive technology.\nThe exegesis identifies the importance of the interconnections between the photograph and objects, the photograph and digital media, and the photograph and hand-made interventions upon the photographic surface. It examines theoretical discussions and debates on the role of memory, objects and collage including the writings of Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag, and Joan Gibbons, that guide the exploration of self-representation, identity, and gender. This in turn provides a context for my art practice. Analyses of works of other artists such as, Claude Cahun, Arnulf Rainer, and Julie Rrap, informed examination of my artworks. The exegesis argues that evolution of critical dialogues around selfrepresentation cannot be confined to the external – in other words, physical aspects and appearances – but must extend to the internal, the emotional, and the subjective.\nI argue that liminality opens up a space of uncertainty and contention that allows interpretation to go deeply beyond the surface of the work, beyond a mirror likeness and beyond the gaze. The intervention of the intuitive hand upon the surface of the photograph is key to creating multi-layered self-representations – the liminal self. Liminality is a space where a critical dialogue around gender, memory, and representation itself can be evoked.

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Highlighting competition for space between Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus in horse large intestine.

A statistical approach highlighting interspecific competition for spatial niche between intestinal parasites is presented. Two similar nematode species, Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus, collected throughout the large intestine of 50 horses but more abundant in the caecum and ventral colon respectively according to their typical location, were studied.&#13;\n&#13;\nEcological interspecific interactions are commonly considered to be absent because of the absence of negative pairwise correlations between helminth species abundances. However, the absence of these correlations does not demonstrate that competition is not occurring because similar epidemiology and biology could produce positive correlations and mask competitive interactions. Therefore, after a preliminary Spearman’s test highligting positive pairwise correlations only between S. vulgaris and S. edentatus collected from different intestinal locations, two negative binomial regressions were performed with S. vulgaris as the dependent variable, (these appear in the caecum and ventral colon respectively), demonstrating that the presence of S. edentatus in the caecum influences the abundance of S. vulgaris both in the caecum and in ventral colon. This kind of negative relationship has never been highlighted before because the positive relationship between the overall abundances of the two species, due to similar epidemiological frameworks, usually hides the phenomenon of spatial competition. This aspect was controlled for in the present regression model by the inclusion of the total number of S. vulgaris itself as the independent variable.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of Lichen Diversity in a Part of Madhyamaheshwar Valley of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

A comprehensive survey was carried out to evaluate the distribution pattern and diversity of lichens in the Madhyamaheshwar valley, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand. According to the data gathered, there are 60 species total, divided into 21 families and 33 genera. The extensive diversity of lichen growth types in the region is demonstrated by the presence of 25 species of crustose lichen, followed by 19 foliose and 16 fruticose. The data gathered from the survey indicates that the Parmeliaceae family, with 8 genera and 12 species, is the most prevalent family in the area, followed by the Cladoniaceae family, which has 1 genera and 8 species. The enumeration of lichens from Madhyamaheshwar valley survey reveals that as the altitude increases the number of lichen species also increases. More taxa will undoubtedly be added to the lichen flora of this valley by conducting a thorough study of lichen species in the surrounding areas. Future biomonitoring and bioprospecting studies in the area will be supported by the baseline data provided by the current lichen count.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Comparative study on the pharmacological activities of protizinic acid and various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (author's transl)].

The potency of anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of a new anti-inflammatory agent, (10-methyl-7-methoxy-2-phenothiazinyl)-2-propionic acid (protizinic acid, PRT), was compared with those of various known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in 5 experimental models. The ED30 of PRT in carrageenin edema with oral administration was 18.0 mg/kg and its potency was third following indomethacin (IM) and diclofenac sodium (DF), among the 15 agents tested. The ED50 of PRT in ultraviolet erythema with oral administration and the IC50 in protein denaturation were 1.07 mg/kg and 0.89 X 10(-5)M, respectively and the activities were the most potent among all agents. The IC50 of PRT in platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was 5.55 X 10(-5)M and the rank of potency was sixth following to IM, DF, flufenamic acid, aluminium and ranked fifth following azapropazone, MF, alclofenac, metiazinic acid (MA), except for basic agents, mepirizole, benzydamine hydrochloride and tiaramide hydrochloride. Thus, PRT seemed to have a relatively weak ulcerogenic activity in contrast to potent anti-inflammatory activity. Also, PRT was superior to MA, an analogue of PRT, in potency of anti-inflammatory activity, in all experimental models.

Topic: Synthesis and Reactions of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The impact of educational interventions for nurses on mechanically ventilated patients' outcomes in a Jordanian university hospital

Aims and objectives To determine the effect of educational interventions for nurses on the success of weaning trials, ventilation period and reintubation incidence for mechanically ventilated patients in a Jordanian university hospital. Background Sharing decision between healthcare providers about weaning should be based on specific guidelines or protocols to avoid complications associated with wrong weaning estimation. Design A nonequivalent, pretest–post‐test (quasi‐experimental) study. Methods The study used a convenience sample consisting of 135 ventilated patients. The historical control group ( n = 65) data were collected from patients’ files before the implementation of the educational interventions for the experimental group ( n = 70), which was recruited from intensive care units at a university hospital. The experimental group received educational interventions on Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol items over one month through in‐service education, bedsides and hands‐on application. Data were collected about Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol scores, failed trials, reintubation incidence and ventilation period for all participants. Results The results showed that the number of failed trials and reintubation incidence was less in the experimental group compared with the control group. On the other hand, there was not any significant difference in the score of ventilation period between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion Educational interventions for nurses on Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol have a significant impact on reducing incidence of failed trials and reintubation. Relevance to clinical practice The improvement of outcomes of patients on mechanical ventilators is a result of shared decision based on effective planning and communication between nurses and physicians.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on the Morphology of Animal Fibers

各種獣毛の鱗片について,形態の特徴を検討した結果は,次のごとくである。1) 獣毛の鱗片形態は,水,アルコールおよびエーテルの処理によつても変化しない。2) 同じ種類の動物においては,繊度を同じくする獣毛をとれば,品種間に鱗片形態の差異は認められない。3) 各種動物の獣毛は,鱗片形態の特徴によつて,6 種類に分類することができる。また鱗片形態の特徴は,鱗片数と関係があるものと考えられる。4) 動物の差異と毛の鱗片形態および鱗片数との間には,関連性が認められない。獣毛の鱗片形態には,個々にその特微が認められる。

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reasons and Moral Principles

Moral particularism and generalism are families of views united by their denial or affirmation (respectively) that general moral principles play some fundamental role in morality. In this survey of the generalism/particularism debate, I distinguish between contributory and overall moral principles and between two distinct roles, standards and guides, which either sort of principles might be claimed to play. Next I describe three different forms which particularist opposition to any of these kinds of principles can take. I then survey debates about whether moral principles play a fundamental role either as standards or as guides. Throughout I pay particular attention to issues and arguments which involve claims about normative reasons that favor or justify things or explanatory reasons that explain their moral features. I also note some broader implications of these arguments for both moral theory and the theory of reasons, and point to questions that merit further work.

Topic: Philosophical Ethics and Theory
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Self-Treatment Techniques in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and the Probable Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System

Self-treatment techniques in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) have seldom been described. It has been suggested that PAF attacks might be initiated by changes in the tonus of the autonomic nervous system. Our aim was to study patients’ measures to terminate PAF attacks and to evaluate the possible influence of the autonomic nervous system on start and stop mechanisms.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Healthy eating policies in schools: an evaluation of effects on pupils' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour

THE effect of a healthy eating health promotion in itiative on the knowledge, actitudes and behaviour of secondary-school pupils was investigated in this study in Lothian Region in 1992. This was under taken by comparing pupils in a case study school, which had introduced a healthy eating policy, with pupils in two control schools. The investigation dem onstrated that the levels of knowledge of healthy eating were similar in the three schools, but there were significant differences in eating behaviour be tween the schools. Pupils in the case study school demonstrated healthier snack selection at school and a greater uptake of school meals. There was evidence that wider factors, not within the domain of the school, counteracted the case study school's achievement and the policy implications of this are discussed.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from FGFR1/3 Tyrosine Kinase Fusions Define a Unique Molecular Subtype of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan-Meier survival curves for relapse free and overall survival according to EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, FGFR or wild-type status&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Epistemology of the Near Miss and Its Potential Contribution in the Prevention and Treatment of Problem-Gambling

The near-miss has been considered an important factor of reinforcement in gambling behavior, and previous research has focused more on its industry-related causes and effects and less on the gaming phenomenon itself. The near-miss has usually been associated with the games of slots and scratch cards, due to the special characteristics of these games, which include the possibility of pre-manipulation of award symbols in order to increase the frequency of these “engineered” near-misses. In this paper, we argue that starting from an elementary mathematical description of the classical (by pure chance) near-miss, generalizable to any game, and focusing equally on the epistemology of its constitutive concepts and their mathematical description, we can identify more precisely the fallacious elements of the near-miss cognitive effects and the inadequate perception and representation of the observational-intentional “I was that close.” This approach further suggests a strategy of using non-standard mathematical knowledge of an epistemological type in problem-gambling prevention and cognitive therapies.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Technology mediated learning experience for MBA students participating in a transnational team project

This paper describes a technology-mediated project designed to bring together groups of graduate level students to participate in an intensive business simulation. Both groups of students are enrolled in MBA programs: one group at Wayne State University School of Business in Detroit, Michigan and the other at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. A prototype of the project was conducted as a directed study with six-member student teams from each university in the winter 2000 term, following which it was agreed that the exercise had a great deal of value and should be continued. The project was conducted as a formal class for the first time in the winter 2001 semester; consequently, this paper describes a work in process. The project is multi-dimensional from both the design perspective, and from the perspective of learning objectives. Although we describe the simulation/experiential learning component of the course, the paper will focus on the aspect of technology utilization in both teaching and learning and cross-cultural dimensions of the project.

Topic: Management and Marketing Education
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Palliative care of pancreas cancer patients at home

Background: Pancreas cancer patients not only need treatment for their disease, but also need palliative care.In addition to the hospital, palliative care of pancreas cancer patients can be done at home.Palliative care services for cancer patients are integrated by the palliative team and the patient's family.Palliative care at home provides the opportunity for patients to be treated at home so as to improve the patient's quality of life by providing spiritual and psychosocial support.This study was to describe the palliative care of pancreas cancer patients at home.Methods: This study used electronic data base as a method by reviewing some previous article published in 2009 to 2019.Results: Palliative care of pancreas cancer patients at home by integrating care in the hospital.The palliative team has discussions with the patient's family to set goals, follow up plans, and routinely monitor and evaluate palliative services for patients.Nurses monitor the patient's functional status, patient care support systems, and patient compliance with treatment.Fulfilling the patient's basic needs so that the patient's quality of life is achieved is the core of palliative care at home including the need to eat and drink, body movement and balance, sleep, personal hygiene, security and safety, communication, worship, recreation, and study.Conclusions: Palliative care of pancreas cancer patients carried out at home rather than in a hospital can reduce patient hospitalization.The family as a support system has a more prominent role in the palliative care of pancreas cancer patients at home because most of the care is carried out by the family.The roles and responsibilities of the family that were originally the caretaker of the patient then became multi-role in assisting cancer patients.In addition, in carrying out their duties and roles, the patient's family also needs psychological and spiritual assistance from the palliative team.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Radiation dose levels assessment in general radiology

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-2470 / Radiation dose levels assessment in general radiology by: F. Abrantes, A. F. C. Pires, S. Rodrigues, L. P. Ribeiro, R. P. P. Almeida, M. V. C. Reis; Faro/PT

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Real world tablet-splitting prescription status of enteric-coated tablets of diclofenac sodium and aspirin

This study aimed to investigate tablet-splitting prescription of enteric-coated tablets of diclofenac sodium and aspirin. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using claims data collected by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea during 2016-2020. Of the 1,227,666 prescriptions of aspirin 100 mg enteric-coated tablet, 941 tablet-splitting prescriptions were identified, accounting for 0.1%. Of the 941 prescriptions, 41.7% (392) were prescribed for the elderly individuals aged 65 years. Of the 334 tablet-splitting cases with 15 or more consecutive days of prescription, 58.7% (196) were found in the elderly. Furthermore, 37.0% (37/100), 37.1% (13/35), and 40.4% (36/89) of cases with consecutive days of prescription of 31-60, 61-90 days, and more than 90 days, respectively, gastrointestinal disorders were found. Of the 53,868 prescriptions of diclofenac sodium 25 mg enteric-coated tablet, 2,248 tablet-splitting prescriptions were identified, accounting for 4.2%. Furthermore, of the 2,248 prescriptions, 53.0% (1,192) were prescribed for children under 5 years old, and 33.1% (744) were prescribed for children aged 5-9 years, respectively. We found that tablet-splitting prescription rate of diclofenac sodium 25 mg was high, especially in children. Gastrointestinal disorders were common in the tablet-splitting prescriptions of aspirin 100 mg, especially in the cases with 15 or more consecutive days of prescription.

Topic: Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Business School’s Performance Management System Standards Design

This paper aims to compare various Performance Management Systems for business school in order to find the strengths of each standard as inputs to design new model of PMS. There are many critical aspects and gaps notified for new model to improve performance and even recognized that self evaluation performance management is not well developed in school toward a competitive education market. The exploratory study and comparative study methodology were used to develop a conceptual model based upon literature review. An exploratory study approach was used to investigate the way in which PMS actually evolve within business school institution, while comparative study was done to determine relationship among PMS based on literature review and secondary data. Based on information gathered about several standards applied for business school, hopefully, there will be a valuable opportunity to create new PMS model that could cover every weaknesses and strengths that each standard had, and the new model will manage business school performance more comprehensively as well.

Topic: Accounting and Organizational Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences