jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-medication practice for dental problems: A cross-sectional study among adults in Kuantan, Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia

Aim: To investigate the prevalence, attitude, and pattern of self-medication practice for dental problems among adults in Kuantan, the state capital of Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults over 18 years of age who live in Kuantan via self-administered online- and paper-based bilingual questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were run using IBM SPSS® Version 26 software. Results: From 275 respondents, one-fifth of respondents (21.8%) practised self-medication for dental problems and most of them obtained a mean attitude score of 21.7 ± 2.5% out of 25. Most self-medicating respondents were from the age group of 18–27 years (78.3%), females (55%), singles (78.3%), resides urban area (75.0%), and students (71.7%), with a household income of X2 (1, N = 275) = 4.916, P < 0.05. Most of self-medicating respondents gained information related to self-medication from internet (62.0%) and obtained medication from pharmacy (78.0%). The major dental problem that triggered them to self-medicate was toothache (76.0%), and the majority used paracetamol for pain relief (62.0%). Their main reason for self-medication was the perceived mildness of the dental problems (60.0%). Conclusion: Adult populations in Kuantan, Pahang have moderate prevalence (21.8%) in self-medicating practice for dental problems which was mainly caused by toothache and was primarily treated with over-the-counter pain-relief medication. They also have good attitude toward appropriate self-medication.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Throwing More Light on Image Watermarks

. In this paper a general model of a watermarking system for copyright protection of outputs from an arbitrary source is presented. This model is proposed as a framework for an information-theoretical analysis of watermarking schemes. The main elements which comprise such schemes are described, performance measures are defined and important issues such as imperceptibility, robustness and cryptographic security are discussed. The application of concepts such as channel capacity, authentication and secrecy in the context of watermarking is also discussed. As a particular case, a spatial-domain image watermarking system based on direct sequence spread spectrum modulation techniques is described. Special enphasis is placed in discussing the analogies and differences between spread spectrum communication systems and watermarking applications. 1 Introduction One of the main impediments to a widespread use of digital communication networks such as Internet for commercial distribution of info...

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The value of sonography in the diagnosis of appendicitis. A prospective study of 100 patients].

Between October 1988 and July 1989 100 consecutive patients with suspected appendicitis were seen at the surgical clinic, University Hospital of Aachen. All patients underwent ultrasonographic examination corresponding to a prospective study protocol in order to determine the value of ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The sonographic findings were correlated with the histologic diagnosis or the clinical course, respectively. We found a sensitivity of 100% for appendiceal mass, of 88% for phlegmonous appendicitis and of 25% for catarrhal appendicitis. The overall sensitivity was 49% and the overall specificity rate was 97%. The overall accuracy rate was 64%. The predictive value of a positive test was 97% and the predictive value of a negative finding was 46%. The morphologic changes during the progress of inflammation of the appendix and their sonographic visualisation were discussed. A differentiated concept was developed to integrate the sonographic findings in the therapeutic decision.

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reduced-order Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac equation and the consistency of classical electromagnetism

It is widely believed that classical electromagnetism is either unphysical or inconsistent, owing to pathological behavior when self-force and radiation reaction are non-negligible. We argue that there is no inconsistency as long as it is recognized that certain types of charge distribution are simply impossible, such as, for example, a point particle with finite charge and finite inertia. This is owing to the fact that negative inertial mass is an unphysical concept in classical physics. It remains useful to obtain an equation of motion for small charged objects that describes their motion to good approximation without requiring knowledge of the charge distribution within the object. We give a simple method to achieve this, leading to a reduced-order form of the Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac equation, essentially as proposed by Eliezer, Landau and Lifshitz, and derived by Ford and O'Connell.

Topic: Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Increased Thymic Output during Acute Measles Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Measles virus infects thymic epithelia, induces a transient lymphopenia, and impairs cell-mediated immunity, but thymic function during measles has not been well characterized. Thirty Zambian children hospitalized with measles were studied at entry, hospital discharge, and at 1-month follow-up and compared to 17 healthy children. During hospitalization, percentages of naïve (CD62L + , CD45RA + ) CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes decreased ( P = 0.01 for both), and activated (HLA-DR + , CD25 + , or CD69 + ) CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes increased ( P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) in measles patients were increased in CD8 + T cells at entry compared to levels at hospital discharge ( P = 0.02) and follow-up ( P = 0.04). In CD4 + T cells, the increase in TRECS occurred later but was more sustained. At discharge, TRECs in CD4 + T cells ( P = 0.05) and circulating levels of interleukin-7 ( P = 0.007) were increased compared to control values and remained elevated for 1 month, similar to observations in two measles virus-infected rhesus monkeys. These findings suggest that a decrease in thymic output is not the cause of the lymphopenia and depressed cellular immunity associated with measles.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE FOLLOWING ORAL SALBUTAMOL TREATMENT IN LATE PREGNANCY

Abstract. Previous studies in pregnancy have shown that in‐travenous infusion of beta‐sympathomimetic drugs, such as salbutamol, is followed by pronounced carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects. Similar effects, though less pro‐nounced, have also been demonstrated after oral salbutamol administration. Glucose elimination and insulin response after an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were analyzed in 12 women treated with oral salbutamol in the last trimester of pregnancy. IVGTT was performed without salbutamol and after at least 10 and up to 45 days of salbutamol treatment. No significant difference in either glucose elimination or insulin response to the glucose load were observed as a consequence of the salbutamol medication. This is in agreement with previous studies of other beta2‐sympathomimetic drugs and indicates that the use of salbutamol in late pregnancy does not give rise to serious disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surgical significance of persistent cholecystohepatic ducts.

Anatomical variations of the biliary tract occur frequently enough so as to worry the general surgeon dealing with this problem. Generally speaking, these anatomical variations are not identified prior to surgery. Anomalous drainage of the common hepatic duct into the gall bladder was identified while performing a cholecystectomy. The common bile duct proximal to the cystic duct was atretic. The problem described above was successfully managed by hepatico-jejunostomy.

Topic: Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Methionine as a Friction Modifier for Tungsten Carbide-Functionalized Surfaces via in Situ Tribo-Chemical Reactions

This work presents a novel method for generating in situ low friction tribofilms in lubricated contacts using α-amino acid l-methionine as an additive. Methionine is an environmentally acceptable natural organosulphur compound that is commonly used in the food industry. Our approach relies in the use of steel surfaces functionalized with tungsten carbide particles that are tailored to interact with methionine via a tribo-chemical reaction. The results show that after an induction period, the friction drops dramatically by 60% down to values of 0.06 when methionine was used as an additive in lubricated tungsten carbide-functionalized surfaces. The low friction could only be achieved by the coexistence of tungsten from the functionalized surfaces and sulfur from methionine, which led to the presence of tribo-chemically generated tribofilms. Ab initio simulations indicate that the tribo-chemical reaction for forming tungsten disulfide is energetically favorable, thus attributing the observed friction reduction mechanism to the in situ formation of this compound during the sliding process. The concept of functionalizing surfaces to react with specific additives opens up a wide range of possibilities, which allows tuning surfaces to target specific additive interactions. This synergy can be exploited for using novel green additive technology, thus allowing more environmentally friendly formulations with outstanding tribological performance.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract TP202: Association of Rs7961894 with Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet function and elevated MPV was found to be an independent risk factor for death after myocardial infarct in patients with coronary artery disease. Higher MPV was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, yet there is insufficient data regarding the role of MPV as a marker of outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. The variability of platelet indices in humans is largely determined by genetic factors and rs7961894 located within intron 3 of WDR66 gene showed the strongest association with MPV in all genome wide association (GWA) studies in the European population. Aim: To determine the association of rs7961894 with MPV in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to assess whether rs7961894 and MPV could be markers of one year mortality in different stroke subtypes. Material and methods: For 426 adults with first-ever ischemic stroke MPV was measured within 72h of stroke onset and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of rs7961894 was performed accordingly (RT-PCR, Applied Biosystems). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics (including TOAST classification), laboratory findings as well as one year mortality data were collected for each participant. Results: Allele T and genotypes CT and TT of the rs7961894 polymorphism were associated with the highest (&gt;11.5fL) MPV quartile (Chi 2 test, p&lt;0.01). MPV was significantly higher in patients with genotype TT as compared to CT and CC genotype (12.0±0.24fL vs. 11.10±0.15fL and 10.77±0.05fL, respectively, ANOVA, p &lt;0.005 with Tukey HSD post-hoc test, Figure 1). Conclusions: Allele T of rs7961894 polymorphism is associated with increased MPV in the recessive and dominant model and patients with genotype TT have significantly higher MPV as compared to the rest of the population study. Further analysis is currently being conducted to determine the association of MPV and rs7961894 polymorphism with one year mortality and stroke subtypes.

Topic: Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD LHDGAUSS_RAY_MWRM6 #176231.1 (analyzed)

Ray trajectories for microwave reflectometry (mwrm) at set6 point obtained using ray-tracing code LHDGauss.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Table S1 from Identification of P450 Oxidoreductase as a Major Determinant of Sensitivity to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs

&lt;p&gt;Suppliers of cell lines and composition of cell culture media.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hepcidin: regulation of the master iron regulator

Iron, an essential nutrient, is required for many diverse biological processes. The absence of a defined pathway to excrete excess iron makes it essential for the body to regulate the amount of iron absorbed; a deficiency could lead to iron deficiency and an excess to iron overload and associated disorders such as anaemia and haemochromatosis respectively. This regulation is mediated by the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin (FPN), inducing its internalization and degradation, thus limiting the amount of iron released into the blood. The major factors that are implicated in hepcidin regulation include iron stores, hypoxia, inflammation and erythropoiesis. The present review summarizes our present knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways contributing to hepcidin regulation by these factors.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Lime Solution’s Concentration (Ca(OH<sub>2</sub>) on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Durian Seed’s Flour (Durio zibethinus)

Abstract Lime solution was used to decrease mucus in durian seed, so durian seed can be used for food like flour. The introduction of durian seed for flour is aimed to looking for new resource of flour, decrease our dependence on wheat flour, and support food diversification program. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of lime solution’s concentration in durian seed’s flour using completely randomized design by single factor. Durian seed’s flours production which lime solution’s concentration (K) was used as factors (0,1%, 0,5%, 0,9%, 1,3%). Parameters analized were ash, moisture, fat, protein, crude fiber, aroma and color. Based on the analysis parameters results, the best durian seed’s flour will be applied in muffin’s production. The results showed that lime solution soaking treatment (Ca(OH)2) 0,1% produced the best durian seed’s flour.

Topic: Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lebesgue approximation of $(2,β)$-superprocesses

Let $ξ=(ξ_t)$ be a locally finite $(2,β)$-superprocess in $\RR^d$ with $β&lt;1$ and $d&gt;2/β$. Then for any fixed $t&gt;0$, the random measure $ξ_t$ can be a.s. approximated by suitably normalized restrictions of Lebesgue measure to the $\varepsilon$-neighborhoods of ${\rm supp}\,ξ_t$. This extends the Lebesgue approximation of Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses. Our proof is based on a truncation of $(α,β)$-superprocesses and uses bounds and asymptotics of hitting probabilities.

Topic: Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
North American first peoples: slipping up into market citizenship?

This article explores the nature of Aboriginal demands for a citizenship regime grounded in a substantive recognition of cultural difference and inherent rights in Mexico and Canada. It provides an overview of the different evolution of Aboriginal citizenship in each country but focuses on two recent development projects, the Puebla Panama Plan in Mexico and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline in Canada. These cases demonstrate the ways in which neo‐liberal globalism is reshaping the substantive recognition of Aboriginal cultural difference and inherent rights. While contemporary neo‐liberal rhetoric recognizes cultural difference, the models of development employed effectively separate territory from the ideas of self‐government, culture and identity. The article concludes that the neo‐liberal turn in the construction of Aboriginal citizenship undercuts potentially much richer conceptions of Indigenous citizenship offered by the First Peoples of North America.

Topic: Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Fast Algorithm for Low Rank + Sparse column-wise Compressive Sensing

This paper focuses studies the following low rank + sparse (LR+S) column-wise compressive sensing problem. We aim to recover an $n \times q$ matrix, $\X^* =[ \x_1^*, \x_2^*, \cdots , \x_q^*]$ from $m$ independent linear projections of each of its $q$ columns, given by $\y_k :=\A_k\x_k^*$, $k \in [q]$. Here, $\y_k$ is an $m$-length vector with $m &lt; n$. We assume that the matrix $\X^*$ can be decomposed as $\X^*=Ł^*+§^*$, where $Ł^*$ is a low rank matrix of rank $r &lt;&lt; \min(n,q)$ and $§^*$ is a sparse matrix. Each column of $§$ contains $ρ$ non-zero entries. The matrices $\A_k$ are known and mutually independent for different $k$. To address this recovery problem, we propose a novel fast GD-based solution called AltGDmin-LR+S, which is memory and communication efficient. We numerically evaluate its performance by conducting a detailed simulation-based study.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Introduction

Decoherence and decay of quantum states in open systems is the main obstacle towards the realization of quantum computing and communications and a major impediment for coherent control (of atomic, molecular and condensed-phase processes) and quantum state engineering (of fields and atoms in cavities and trapped ions). This Focus Issue is an attempt to highlight the development of schemes for the control of quantum decay and decoherence, by presenting the major trends in this area. To this end, I have solicited a number of articles from groups that have been particularly active in the pursuit of these trends.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interactions of Flaxseed Gum, Soy Protein Isolate and Casein in Pork Sausages

This study aimed to investigate the interactions among flaxseed gum(FG),soy protein isolate(SPI) and casein in pork sausages.Factorial design was applied to study the effects of different levels of added FG,SPI and casein on the water retention and oil retention of pork sausages.Our results indicated that FG addition had highly significant effect on the water retention of sausages after drying for 20 min at 60 ℃(P 0.01),but showed no significant effect on water retention after drying for 40 min at 60 ℃(P0.05).Casein addition also affected the water retention of sausages after drying for 20 or 40 min at 60 ℃(P 0.01).Casein had the most significant effect on the water retention of sausages,followed by FG;the effect of SPI was the weakest.FG addition had significant effect on the oil retention of sausages after immersion in diethyl ether for 20,40 or 60 min(P0.05),and similar results were observed when SPI or casein was added.SPI addition showed highly significant influence on the oil retention of sausage after immersion in diethyl ether for 60 min(P0.01) and there was a significant interaction between FG and SPI on the water retention of sausages after drying for 60 min at 60 ℃(P 0.05).SPI was superior to casein in terms of oil retention.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of degradation growth model in the estimation of Bayesian system reliability

In real life situations, for example, in case of concrete structures and mechanical devises, failure occurs due to accumulation of stress over time, and the consequent degradation causes the system to under-perform, thereby failure occurs completely, when the accumulated stress exceeds a critical threshold. The degradation path is known for some systems and in such cases useful information on product reliability can be obtained from these measurements. This work considers a degradation model having exponential degradation path with positive degradation rate, which follows Weibull distribution with known shape parameter β, and unknown scale parameter α. The Bayesian analysis is performed by considering noninformative (Quasi) and informative (Gamma) prior distributions for the scale parameter α. The Bayesian estimators of α and the system reliability are presented as well. The standard error for estimated α corresponding to both informative and noninformative priors are calculated using bootstrap method. It is observed that for larger bootstrap sample, the Bayes estimator of α, tends to have minimum standard error. It is also seen from the simulation study carried out by making use of Gibbs sampling technique that the Bayesian reliability of the system approaches the actual reliability for increasing sample size.

Topic: Reliability and Maintenance Optimization
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of pitchfork bifurcations on the spectral statistics of Hamiltonian systems

We present a quantitative semiclassical treatment of the effects of bifurcations on the spectral rigidity and the spectral form factor of a Hamiltonian quantum system defined by two coupled quartic oscillators, which on the classical level exhibits mixed phase space dynamics. We show that the signature of a pitchfork bifurcation is two-fold: beside the known effect of an enhanced periodic orbit contribution due to its peculiar hbar-dependence at the bifurcation, we demonstrate that the orbit pair born at the bifurcation gives rise to distinct deviations from universality slightly above the bifurcation. This requires a semiclassical treatment beyond the so-called diagonal approximation. Our semiclassical predictions for both the coarse-grained density of states and the spectral rigidity, are in excellent agreement with corresponding quantum-mechanical results.

Topic: Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences