jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infection risk in Gustilo and Anderson type III tibia and fibular fractures treated with external fixation in a tertiary hospital of a developing country

Background: Open fractures of the tibia and fibula present with multiple management challenges of wound care, bone stabilization, potential risk of infection and its control. Attempt to resolve this problem, stabilization of the fracture with external fixators was introduced. However, this procedure predisposes infection too. This was an overview of the disposition of infection in the course of managing type III fractures in our center.Methods: This was a retrospective study of disposition of infection in Gustilo and Anderson type III open fractures of the tibia and fibula treated with external fixation device over ten years in Jos university teaching hospital. Data extracted from patients records and operation notes included age, sex, nature of open fracture with respect to Gustilo and Anderson classification in theater. Wound culture reports extracted early and weeks after commencement of treatment. The findings were analyzed using Epi info statistical software version 3.5.3.Results: A total of 74 patients, 63 (85.1%) males and 11 (14.9%) females (M:F=5.7:1) with mean age of 37.97±13.57 years. The mean duration of injury-presentation time was 13.48±38.73 days, 41 (55.4%). Patients that present with clinical infection were 40 (54.1%) among which staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 21 (28.3%). While treatment was on, the flora became altered. Motor cycles were responsible for 25 (33.7%), gunshots 20 (27%), motor vehicle injuries 19 (25.6%) while pedestrians accounted for 9 (12.2%).Conclusions: Type III fractures sustained from high energy risk of infections due to late presentation in our setting. Bacterial isolates tend to alter in course of hospitalization.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MRI/MRS assessment of in vivo murine cardiac metabolism, morphology, and function at physiological heart rates

Transgenic mice are increasingly used to probe genetic aspects of cardiovascular pathophysiology. However, the small size and rapid rates of murine hearts make noninvasive, physiological in vivo studies of cardiac bioenergetics and contractility difficult. The aim of this report was to develop an integrated, noninvasive means of studying in vivo murine cardiac metabolism, morphology, and function under physiological conditions by adapting and modifying noninvasive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with image-guided 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques used in humans to mice. Using spatially localized, noninvasive 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI at 4.7 T, we observe mean murine in vivo myocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratios of 2.0 ± 0.2 and left ventricular ejection fractions of 65 ± 7% at physiological heart rates (∼600 beats/min). These values in the smallest species studied to date are similar to those reported in normal humans. Although these observations do not confirm a degree of metabolic scaling with body size proposed by prior predictions, they do suggest that mice can serve, at least at this level, as a model for human cardiovascular physiology. Thus it is now possible to noninvasively study in vivo myocardial bioenergetics, morphology, and contractile function in mice under physiological conditions.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spin Transport in Bose Gases

In this Thesis, we show that in a rotating two-component Bose mixture, the spin drag between the two different spin species shows a Hall effect. This spin drag Hall effect can be observed experimentally by studying the out-of-phase dipole mode of the mixture. We determine the damping of this mode due to spin drag as a function of temperature. We find that due to Bose stimulation there is a strong enhancement of the damping for temperatures close to the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. We also show the difference between spin drag in Bose gases, Fermi gases and Bose-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we investigate coupled spin and heat transport in Bose gases, and calculate the associated coefficients. Finally, we calculate the power spectrum resulting from spin current fluctuations in a Bose gas.

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
What Explains Differences in International Performance? TIMSS Researchers Continue to Look for Answers

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)-1995 and its successor, TIMSS-1999, provide researchers, policymakers, and educators with an unprecedented opportunity to explore the possible relationships between educational policies and student achievement in an international context.Due to the amount and complexity of the TIMSS data, analyses have proceeded in phases, each providing a more detailed and sophisticated understanding of these relationships.This Brief is the third in the Consortium for Policy Research in Education's (CPRE) series reporting on the policy implications of TIMSS data.It summarizes results of recently completed TIMSS research that explores in greater detail questions raised in initial analyses. 1 Earlier analyses of TIMSS data were based largely on observed differences between instructional variables in the United States and in high-achieving TIMSS nations.This was a kind of "benchmarking" approach in which certain practices were hypothesized to increase student achievement.Some of the research summarized in this Brief continues this earlier work by exploring additional differences between policy and practice in the United States and in other TIMSS nations.Other studies expand on this work by looking for instructional variables that might explain differences in student achievement across a broader range of TIMSS nations.Results do not yield simple lessons and may thus be frustrating for those who hoped that TIMSS might prescribe specific recommendations for policy and practice.Recent research does, however, continue to raise important questions about the relationships between What Explains Differences in International Performance?TIMSS Researchers Continue to Look for Answers

Topic: Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Pharmacologic Inhibition of MEK Signaling Prevents Growth of Canine Hemangiosarcoma

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 142K, Supplemental Figure S2. Reduction of phospho-ERK1/2 IHC staining of cutaneous-derived xenograft and cardiac-derived tumorgraft treated with CI-1040.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
c © ESO 2007 Astronomy &amp;amp;Astrophysics

Context. We present the results of a set of observations of nine TeV detected BL Lac objects performed by the XRT and UVOT detectors on board the Swift satellite between March and December 2005. Aims. Our main goal is the accurate measurement of the spectral shape of TeV detected BL Lacs. Particular attention was given to the presence of intrinsic spectral curvature in the X-ray band. Methods. To perform our X-ray spectral analysis we have assumed either a log-parabolic or a simple power-law model. Results. The X-ray data of many objects in our sample clearly show highly significant spectral curvature. However, in sources with spectral energy distribution peaked at energies lower than ∼0.1 keV the X-ray spectrum is steep and generally consistent with a power law. In most of these cases poor statistics did not allow us to obtain tight constraints on the spectral curvature. We have used UVOT observations to verify if X-ray spectra can be extrapolated to lower frequencies and to search for multiple emission components. Conclusions. The results of our analysis are useful for the study of possible signatures of statistical acceleration processes predicting intrinsically curved spectra and for modelling the SED of BL Lacertae objects up to TeV energies where a corresponding curvature is likely to be present.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
House Dust Mite <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> Augments Proinflammatory Mediator Productions and Accessory Function of Alveolar Macrophages: Implications for Allergic Sensitization and Inflammation

Abstract In this study, we examine the effects of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), a major source of airborne allergens, on alveolar macrophages (AMs), and we also test its contribution to allergic responses in mice. Der f activated NF-κB of AMs and, unlike OVA or LPS stimulation, up-regulated IL-6, TNF-α, and NO. In addition, it down-regulated antioxidants, but affected neither the expression nor production of IL-12. Der f-stimulated AMs expressed enhanced levels of costimulatory B7 molecules, supported T cell proliferation, and promoted Th2 cell development. The enhanced accessory function was suppressed by blockade mAbs to B7.2, IL-6, and TNF-α and by N-monomethyl-l-arginine, an NO synthase inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine, a thiol antioxidant, whereas it was augmented by (±)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, an NO donor. Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide and neo-glycoproteins galactose-BSA and mannose-BSA inhibited the Der f-induced IL-6 and TNF-α productions and enhanced accessory function of AMs. Der f was more potent than OVA for inducing pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation, NO, and serum allergen-specific IgG1 Ab production in mice. AMs from Der f-challenged mice expressed enhanced levels of B7 and augmented T cell proliferation ex vivo. In Der f-challenged mice, respiratory syncytial virus infection (5 × 105 pfu; 3 days before Der f instillation) augmented Der f-specific Ab production, whereas dexamethasone (50 mg/kg; 1 h before Der f instillation) diminished the allergic airway inflammation and Ab response. We conclude that AMs are sensitive targets for Der f and that the Der f-induced proinflammatory responses may represent an important mechanism in mediating the development of allergic sensitization and inflammation.

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Novel All-Superconducting Propulsion and Protection System for the HTS Maglev: Concept, Experimental Verification and Planning

This article presents a novel all-superconducting propulsion and protection system for the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev. The HTS magnet is the key component in the HTS Maglev, as it is in charge of the most crucial works, the propulsion and levitation of the train, to realize the zero-friction and ultra-high-speed just above the ground. The HTS magnet can conduct massive electric current and generate extremely high magnetic field, but the HTS magnet is also relatively venerable compared to the conventional copper magnet, regarding the strict operating conditions of temperature, magnetic field and electric current. Therefore, we proposed a new all-superconducting propulsion and protection system, introducing the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to be equipped into the HTS Maglev, which can protect the HTS magnet, but also ensure the safety and reliability of Maglev operation. The real size HTS magnet was modeled to check the magnetic requirements of HTS Maglev and determine the specifications of other superconducting devices. Then a scaled all-superconducting protection and energy compensation system with the scaled HTS magnet, SFCL and SMES was analyzed, and some components were verified by experiments. Future plans were proposed to merge the full size all-superconducting protection and protection system into an HTS Maglev prototype.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peter F Bladin: A pioneer in stroke

Peter F Bladin (11.12.1928 - 11.05 2022) was on of the first investigators to demonstrate that embolism was responsible for most cases of stroke rather than the commonly accepted view that in situ thrombosis was the only mechanism. He also was responsible for the establishment of one of the world's first stroke units in 1977. He was the most important initiator of what became a vigorous and collaborative Australian stroke research environment.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Gene for Speed: The Emerging Role of α-Actinin-3 in Muscle Metabolism

A common polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene results in complete deficiency of α-actinin-3 protein in ∼16% of humans worldwide. The presence of α-actinin-3 protein is associated with improved sprint/power performance in athletes and the general population. Despite this, there is evidence that the null genotype XX has been acted on by recent positive selection, likely due to its emerging role in the regulation of muscle metabolism. α-Actinin-3 deficiency reduces the activity of glycogen phosphorylase and results in a fundamental shift toward more oxidative pathways of energy utilization.

Topic: Genetics and Physical Performance
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Seismic risk assessment system of existing bridges in Taiwan

The main objective of this study is to establish a rapid seismic risk analysis system for the existing bridges based on the pre-calculated fragility curves of more than 2000 bridges in Taiwan. In order to get the peak ground accelerations at sites of different bridges located in Taiwan resulted from each different earthquake, the attenuation law of peak ground accelerations for each station was also proposed based on the regression analysis on recorded earthquakes in Taiwan. The accuracy of the simulated results was also verified through the comparison with the data collected by Central Weather Bureau's in the past three years. In this study, the object-oriented programming is also incorporated to develop a seismic risk assessment system, which can instantly estimate and visually demonstrate the level of damage to bridges due to a specific seismic event and the corresponding economic loss due to the damage of bridges. The achievements attained from this study may be helpful for earthquake protection strategy in the future.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Brand’s communications in Covid-19. Social role during and after lockdown

The paper aims to identify the narrative communicative resources and messages spread by brands within the background of a global pandemic. This study compares two samples of advertising spots broadcast in Spain: one during the COVID-19 lockdown period and the other selected from the last de-escalation phase of the health crisis. A content analysis of a compendium of 125 commercials was proposed. The main finding is the social function adopted during lockdown in order to encourage the population with positive and resilient messages while during the de-escalation the brands recover their traditional commercial role and, do not even reflect reality with the persistence of the outbreak in the images and discourse. In fact, it showed a first phase focused on branding and a second phase when the population was urged to consume. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown a clear need for brands to adapt to an environment that has dramatically changed overnight. Practical Implications The paper includes implications for brands for sharing common support for emotional and psychological well-being in health crisis. This social function could improve their reputation and positioning globally.

Topic: Communication and COVID-19 Impact
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ossification of the spinal ligament. A radiographic reevaluation in Bologna, Italy.

A radiographic reevaluation of cervical spine films of 1,258 adult patients and of thoraco-lumbar spine films of 488 of these was performed at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute (Bologne, Italy), in order to detect ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL), the yellow ligament (OYL) and the nuchal ligament at the cervical level, and OPLL, OALL and OYL at the thoraco-lumbar level. The incidence of OALL, OYL and ossification of the nuchal ligament corresponded with those previously reported in the literature. Cervical OPLL was found in 1.83%, with a definite prevalence in the 45-64 age group where the figure was 2.83%. This incidence is much higher than that hitherto reported in Caucasians, and is nearly the same as that in Japan. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are proposed.

Topic: Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FIGURE 1 in Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitylenchidae), a tylenchid nematode parasite of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

FIGURE 1. Male Tachytrechus sanus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) parasitized by Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. Arrow shows exposed portion of abdomen containing first and second generation adult nematodes. Scale bar: 1.4 mm.

Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Digestion of Lung Tissue for Mineral Dust Recovery

Abstract Methods for recovery of inhaled mineral dusts, from lung tissue, with minimal physical damage are suggested. Clorox solution. Hydroxide of Hyamine, and hydrogen peroxide were considered for digestion of lung tissue. Contact of these reagents with a group of minerals (quartz, chrysotile, amosite, and calcite) revealed that Clorox solution and Hydroxide of Hyamine have the least effect on the minerals. Coal dust was more easily separated from Clorox than from the Hydroxide of Hyamine reagent in digestions of lung tissue containing particles of coal, clay, and mica. However, Clorox solution was not suitable for extraction of coal dusts, owing to apparent oxidation. Both reagents seemed unreactive with the clay and micas. Preliminary tests involving low-temperature (<200°C) ashing off lung tissue in oxygen—plasma indicated that this method could be suitable for recovery of certain minerals.

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of 3-Arylisoxazoline-pyrazole-5-carboxamide Derivatives

a 刘幸海 a 许天明 b 丁成荣 a 陈 杰 c 袁 静 * ,c 谭成侠 * ,a ( a 浙江工业大学化学工程学院 杭州 310014) ( b 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 杭州 310023) ( c 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院 杭州 311300) 摘要 以 5,5-二甲氧基-2,4-二氧代戊酸乙酯为原料, 设计合成了一系列含芳基异噁唑啉结构的吡唑-5-甲酰胺类化合物, 产物结构经 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR 和 HRMS 确认.初步杀虫活性测试表明, 多数化合物在 500 mg/L 浓度下对粘虫 (Mythimna separate)有着较高的活性(致死率≥80%), 在 100 mg/L 的浓度下, 有三种化合物对粘虫仍有中等程度的活性 (致死率≥60%).在 500 mg/L 时, 有四种化合物对苜蓿蚜(Aphis craccivora)也有较好的活性(致死率≥80%).因此, 对该 类化合物的结构优化可作为寻求新型杀虫剂而进行深入研究.

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
IntronDB: a database for eukaryotic intron features

Abstract Summary The rate and extent of unbalanced eukaryotic intron changes exhibit dynamic patterns for different lineages of species or certain functional groups of genes with varied spatio-temporal expression modes affected by selective pressure. To date, only a few key conserved splicing signals or regulatory elements have been identified in introns and little is known about the remaining intronic regions. To trace the evolutionary trajectory of spliceosomal introns from available genomes under a unified framework, we present IntronDB, which catalogs ∼50 000 000 introns from over 1000 genomes spanning the major eukaryotic clades in the tree of life. Based on the position of introns relative to coding regions, it categorizes introns into three groups, such as 5'UTR, CDS and 3'UTR and subsequently divides CDS introns into three categories, such as phase 0, phase 1 and phase 2. It provides the quality evaluation for each sequence entry and characterizes the intronic parameters including number, size, sequence composition and positioning information as well as the features for exons and genes, making possible the comparisons between introns and exons. It reports the dinucleotides around the intron boundary and displays the consensus sequence features for all introns, small introns and large introns for each genome. By incorporating the taxonomic assignment of genomes, it performs high-level or genome-wide statistical analysis for single feature and coupled features both in a single genome and across multiple genomes. It offers functionalities to browse the data from representative protein-coding transcripts and download the data from all transcripts from protein-coding genes. Availability and implementation http://www.nextgenbioinformatics.org/IntronDB. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of fixed aviation support resource station configuration for aircraft carrier based on aircraft dispatch mission scheduling

Before the dispatch of the carrier-based aircraft, a series of pre-flight preparation operations need to be completed on the flight deck. Flight deck fixed aviation support resource station configuration has an important impact on operation efficiency and sortie rate. However, the resource station configuration is determined during the aircraft carrier design phase and is rarely modified as required, which may not be suitable for some pre-flight preparation missions. In order to solve the above defects, the joint optimization of flight deck resource station configuration and aircraft carrier pre-flight preparation scheduling is studied in this paper, which is formulated as a two-tier optimization decision-making framework. An improved variable neighborhood search algorithm with four original neighborhood structures is presented. Dispatch mission experiment and algorithm performance comparison experiment are carried out in the computational experiment section. The correlation between the pre-flight preparation time (makespan) and flight deck cabin occupancy percentage is given, and advantages of the proposed algorithm in solving the mathematical model are verified.

Topic: Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences