jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Social Welfare Functions in J. Rawls’s Theory of Justice

Public policy is directly related to the formulation of social goals. Social welfare functions can be modeled in two ways: (a) as a derivative of the social status ordering mechanisms applied in public policy; or (b) as norms, which must be further strengthened by solid theoretical foundation. Normative SWF modeling variants, which include Rawls’s theory of justice, are characterized by simplicity and deductive power. This article examines how Rawls’s critique of utilitarianism and intuitionism doctrines allowed changing the axis of political decision-making, reinforcing the priority of the idea of justice. It is also argued that the internal structural logic of this new priority better suits social minorities and that under its banner they are more active and successful in representing their interests in the political arena than the majorities of the same societies.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Advancing a “Good Life” for Farm Animals: Development of Resource Tier Frameworks for On-Farm Assessment of Positive Welfare for Beef Cattle, Broiler Chicken and Pigs

There is increasing recognition that farm animal welfare standards should ensure positive welfare, as well as prevent negative welfare. Resources that are valued by an animal and that provide opportunities to engage in motivated behaviours can elicit positive physical and emotional states and therefore positive welfare and a “good life” for farmed animals. Evaluation of resource provision is considered the best way of assessing positive welfare at present, in the absence of validated and practical animal-based measures. Previous research has outlined a framework of three tiers of increasingly positive welfare (Welfare +, Welfare ++, Welfare +++) containing resources that incrementally increase the opportunities for a good life over and above the requirements of UK law and code of practice. Based on this blueprint, “Good Life Frameworks” were developed for beef cattle, broiler chickens and pigs, containing resources that increase good life opportunities according to the scientific literature and expert consultation. We describe the initial development of these frameworks, including a piloting exercise with the UK farm assurance industry, to further refine the frameworks according to auditor and farmer feedback, and test the frameworks as a method of on-farm assessment and assurance of a “good life” for farm animals.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Trigonolampa miriceps: Papaconstantinou, C. &amp; Kobyliansky, S.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A rare case of genodermatosis treated at Bugando Medical Centre, North-Western Tanzania

Collodion Baby (CB) is a rare condition with cutaneous, articular and systemic manifestations which may cause deformity and psychological trauma. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are important to predict probable course, prognosis and to provide supportive management to patients, parents or caregivers. A full-term female baby was brought to our hospital, 10 hours post-delivery, with complaints of a shiny membranous covering which was noted at birth. There was no history of consanguinity and no family history of skin disorders or congenital abnormalities was reported. She was noted to have bilateral ectropion, eclabium, generalised membranous sheet covering the whole body and some peeling of the skin. She had mild hypernatraemia and was treated with antibiotics, intravenous dextrose normal saline, Vaseline petroleum jelly and eye care. Multidisciplinary management plan, genetic counselling and pre-natal diagnosis should be considered in affected families in order to inform patients about the risk of recurrence in the subsequent pregnancies. Le bébé collodion (BC) est une affection rare qui se manifeste par des symptômes cutanés, articulaires et systémiques pouvant entraîner des déformations et des traumatismes psychologiques. Un diagnostic précoce et une prise en charge multidisciplinaire sont essentiels pour évaluer le pronostic, orienter l’évolution clinique et offrir un soutien approprié aux patients, et aux familles. Nous rapportons le cas d’un nouveau-né de sexe féminin, admis 10 heures après un accouchement à terme, présentant une membrane brillante ecouvrant l’ensemble du corps. Il n'y avait aucun antécédent de consanguinité et ni de trouble cutané familial ou d'anomalies congénitales. Elle a présenté un ectropion bilatéral, un éclabium, une membrane généralisée recouvrant tout le corps et une desquamation de la peau. Elle a présenté une légère hypernatrémie et a été traitée par antibiotiques, solution de glucose-sérum sale en intraveineuse, la vaseline et des soins oculaires. Une prise en charge multidisciplinaire, un conseil génétique et un diagnostic prénatal doivent être envisagés dans les familles affectées afin d'informer les patientes du risque de récidive lors des grossesses ultérieure.

Topic: RNA regulation and disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Estradiol-17β and Progesterone on Endothelial Cell Morphology of Ovine Uterine Arteries1

The effect of ovarian steroids on the morphology of endothelial cells of ovine uterine arteries was studied utilizing scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Uterine arteries ipsilateral or contralateral to the ovary bearing a corpus luteum or corpus albicans were removed from ewes at various stages of the estrous cycle. Fewer endothelial cells (P<0.01) extended into the lumen of the ipsilateral than of the contralateral artery regardless of the stage of the cycle studied. The majority of endothelial cells in the ipsilateral arteries were flat and spindle-shaped. To determine if the differences observed were due to the local effects of estrogen or progesterone (P4), ovariectomized ewes were treated for 1 week with estradiol (E2), P4, or E2 + P4. Arteries removed from ewes receiving twice daily injections of P4, or a combination of implanted E2 + P4. had fewer endothelial cells extending into the lumen (P<0.O1) compared with arteries of control or E2-treated ewes. The number of extended endothelial cells per 25 μm2 of uterine arteries of control and estradiol-implanted ewes did not differ significantly. These data suggest that ovarian secretion of P4 has a marked influence on endothelial cell morphology of the ipsilateral uterine artery.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Parental Leave Benefits, Household Labor Supply, and Children’s Long-Run Outcomes

We study how parental leave benefit levels affect household labor supply, family income, and child outcomes, exploiting the speed premium (SP) in the Swedish leave system. The SP grants mothers higher benefits for a subsequent child without reestablishing eligibility through market work if two births occur within a prespecified interval. We use the spacing eligibility cutoffs in a regression discontinuity framework and find that the SP improves educational outcomes of the older child but not those of the younger. Impacts are likely driven by increased maternal time and the quality of maternal time relative to the counterfactual mode of care.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Delay constraint dynamic bandwidth allocation in ethernet passive optical networks

Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is an emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying next generation broadband access network. Dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) provides statistical multiplexing between the optical network units for upstream channel utilization. To satisfy various QoS requirements, it is important to provide QoS guaranteed network access while utilizing the bandwidth efficiently. We propose a QoS-enabled dynamic bandwidth assignment algorithm for differentiated service in Ethernet passive optical networks. The new DBA algorithm is based on the weights of the different classes and the current queue information to perform better per class bandwidth allocation. The specific QoS requirements of various classes are mapped into deterministic effective bandwidth and then used to assign weights accordingly. We conduct detailed simulation experiments to study the performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols

Topic: Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Essays on Human Rights in the Helsinki Process. Edited by A. Bloed and P. van Dijk. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985. Pp. xiii, 266. Dfl.145; $49.75; £40.25.

Essays on Human Rights in the Helsinki Process. Edited by A. Bloed and P. van Dijk. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985. Pp. xiii, 266. Dfl.145; $49.75; £40.25. - Volume 81 Issue 2

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rapid City Collective Impact: A City-Wide Effort to Create Quality of Life for All Its Citizens

In Rapid City, South Dakota, community, business, nonprofit, and faith communities leaders, along with a number of citizens across all demographics, are collaborating in a unique plan to create quality of life for all its citizens. Named Rapid City Collective Impact (RCCI), this initiative began with the vision of several local philanthropists and has expanded quickly throughout the community. Cultural anthropologist Albert Linderman along with expertise from community based systems dynamics experts Don Greer, Megan Odenthal, and Christine Capra have formed a facilitative “backbone” organization for RCCI. Based on the model for “Collective Impact” made popular by an article by a Stanford Innovation Review article by authors John Kania and Mark Kramer, organizations and programs serving Rapid City citizens are committed to significantly increasing the amount of collaboration occurring within the social service sector, while business and other community leaders work to leverage newly understood leverage points within the intersecting systems of the city which often limits ability to address entrenched social issues.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-Exonuclease Domain <i>POLE</i> Mutations Associated with Immunotherapy Benefit

Abstract Inactivating mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLE induce somatic hypermutation resulting in a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and are associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) benefit. POLE mutations outside the exonuclease domain predicted to be deleterious are also observed in cancers, but it is unknown whether they are similarly associated with response to ICIs. We present a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma with a rare POLE mutation (V1368M) outside the exonuclease-domain predicted to be deleterious, a low TMB (1 mut/Mb), and microsatellite stability, who demonstrated an exceptional response to pembrolizumab. To support the generalizability of this finding, an analysis of 1278 patients with advanced cancers harboring low or intermediate TMB treated with ICIs showed that missense non-exonuclease domain POLE mutations were associated with greater overall survival. In contrast, among patients with advanced cancers without ICI exposure, POLE mutations were not associated with overall survival. These results demonstrate that a subset of missense POLE mutations may represent predictive biomarkers independent of TMB. Pathogenic POLE mutations outside the exonuclease domain may result in altered functions beyond DNA replication and proofreading which render cancers sensitive to ICIs.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative study on efficacy of three sperm-separation techniques

Aim: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of real-time sperm separation technique (Wang's tube method) andother two conventional methods in isolating high-quality sperm preparation, and to compare the spouse pregnancy ratein intrauterine insemination (IUI) with sperm preparations isolated by these methods. Methods: The effectivenessof the real-time sperm separation technique, the conventional swim-up and the Percoll discontinuous density gradientmethods in isolating sperm preparations from 60 infertile patients (20 with apparently normal semen and 40, abnormalsemen contaminated with microorganisms and other impurities) was evaluated and compared. The microorganisms to beremoved included bacteria, vires, Chlamydia trachomaticum, Ureaplsama urealyticum, etc. The spouse pregnancyrates in IUI with sperm preparations isolated by these three techniques from 80 oligoasthenoteratospermic patients werealso compared. Results: The quality (including the percentages of normal form, normal-chromatin and motilesperm, and the grade of motility) of sperm obtained by the real-time sperm separation technique was much higher ( P 0.01) as compared with those by the other two methods. The Wang's tube method was also more effective in remov-ing microorganisms and other impurities. The method provided a higher IUI pregnancy rate than the other two spermseparation techniques ( P 0.05). Conclusion: The real-time sperm separation technique is the most effectivemethod so far available in isolating high-quality sperm samples to be used in assisted reproduction.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PANCREATITIS SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Background: Pancreatitis in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is rare (4-6%). In 2007, we described that mutations in the SPINK1 and CFTR genes co-exist in a cohort of patients with pHPT and pancreatitis. Since then, more pancreatitis-associtated mutations in the Chymotrypsin C gene (CTRC) and protective genetic variants in the anionic trypsinogen gene (PRSS2) were identified. We sought to explore if those genetic factors exist in a large cohort of pHPT patients. Methods: Among 826 patients with pHPT, 38 patients were identified with pancreatitis (4.6%). DNA was available from 31 patients. These individuals and 100 patients with pHPT without pancreatitis were analysed for CTRC (p.R254W and p.K247_R254del) and PRSS2 (p.G191R) mutations using melting curve analysis and DNA sequencing. Results: 2 of 31 patients with pHPT and pancreatitis carried the CTRC p.R254W missense mutation (6.5%), none of the 100 pHPT controls (p = 0.055). 1 patient was trans-heterozygous (SPINK1: N34S/ CTRC p.R254W). CTRC p.K247_R254del was not detected in both groups. PRSS2 (p.G191R) mutation was present in 1 patient with pancreatitis and in 6 pHPT controls (6%) (p = 1). Either a p.N34S SPINK1, CTRC p.R254W mutation or both were present in 5 out of 31 patients (p = 0.001 versus controls). Conclusion: This study underlines the relevance of genetic risk factors in pHPT related pancreatitis. It demonstrates that the CTRC (p.R254W) mutation adds to the formerly reported genetic background in pHPT related pancreatitis. Besides it indicates that protective genetic variants co-pexist and may contribute to the low prevalence of pancreatitis in other pHPT cohorts.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Mitochondrial Chaperone Trap1 and the Calcium Binding Protein Sorcin Interact and Protect Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Antiblastic Agents

Supplementary Figure 2 from Mitochondrial Chaperone Trap1 and the Calcium Binding Protein Sorcin Interact and Protect Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Antiblastic Agents

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Figure S5 from Delivering Type I Interferon to Dendritic Cells Empowers Tumor Eradication and Immune Combination Treatments

&lt;p&gt;Combining checkpoint inhibition with Clec9A-mAFN does not cause toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new image scrambling method through folding transform

A new image scrambling method is proposed in this paper. It is based on a folding transform with folding matrix which is orthogonal and enables us to fold images either up-down or left-right. When an image is folded through this way repeatedly, it becomes scrambled. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image scrambling algorithm has effective hiding ability for image information with small computation burden as well as wide adaptability to images with different scales, and also robust under common attacks.

Topic: Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dielectric Properties of Hemoglobin. I. Studies at 1 Megacycle

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDielectric Properties of Hemoglobin. I. Studies at 1 MegacycleShiro TakashimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 3, 541–546Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01584a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can Human Development Bonds Reduce the Agency Costs of the Resource Curse?

Abstract Especially in resource rich countries with weak institutions of governance, the interests of governments often diverge from those of their citizens and creditors. Sovereign bond contracts can potentially help align these interests, to the benefit of all parties, by indexing payment obligations to improvements in the health and education of the issuer’s citizenry. To that end, this Article proposes a Human Development Bond (HDB) with a variable coupon schedule that both insures issuers against recessions and incentivizes them to encourage investment in human capital when economic growth is strong. The potential benefits of such an instrument can only be realized, however, with significant support from the international community. Moreover, further empirical research is needed to calibrate the HDB’s coupon schedule to provide well-timed and appropriately sized debt relief.

Topic: Natural Resources and Economic Development
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of Key Components for a new Urban Food Strategy – Results of a Delphi Study in Cologne, Germany

Urban food systems consist of many stakeholders with different perspectives, different interests and different governance tools. This study aimed at developing potential future scenarios for the food system of Cologne by analysing the system with a Delphi approach. In our research-design, the suitability of the Delphi-method was evaluated not only as a tool for future modelling and scenario design, but also as a communication tool among the group of participants on a multistakeholder- platform. As a case study, the Food Policy Council of Cologne, Germany was used. Cologne can be seen as a forerunner among German cities in the development of a new urban food policy. Some of the successful steps to re-envisioning food as an urban system include joining the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, the decision of the City Council to become an edible city and the establishment of a Food Policy Council. For the study it was important to capture participants’ visions of a common goal regarding the governance of the urban food system and also to identify mental ‘silos’. It was obvious that the municipality of Cologne together with the Food Policy Council made great efforts towards participatory processes to build a vision for a sustainable and regional food supply. However, many stakeholder-groups in the process still work exclusively among themselves and do not actively practice the confrontation with the viewpoints of other relevant groups. This supports the maintenance of ‘silos’ and leaves little room for face-to-face discussions. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to explore key components of food provisioning in the future for Cologne while confronting all stakeholders (municipal administration and politicians, farmers and food activists) with the perspectives of all group members. We used a multi-stakeholder Delphi approach with 19 panellists to find out essential components of the municipal regional food provisioning system in Cologne. Unique in this Delphi study is the bringing together of municipal administration, regional urban farmers and food activists. The research is still on-going, but preliminary results show that more communication among all relevant actors, especially horizontally among different city departments, in the urban food system is needed.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences