jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Allelopathic effect of meskit (&lt;i&gt;Prosopis juliflora&lt;/i&gt; (Sw.) DC) aqueous extracts on tropical crops tested under laboratory conditions

Phytoinhibitory effect of Prosopis juliflora aqueous extracts on tropical crops were tested under laboratory conditions. Maize, Cotton, and forage grasses (Rodus and Panicum) were used as test plants. Litter fall and under canopy soils were tested for checking allelopathic effects under natural conditions. All the extracts showed significantly negative effects on both germination and seedling growth of test crops. The effect of leaf extract was the highest, followed by litter fall, root extracts and soils respectively. However, at low concentration litter fall and root extracts showed unbalanced root growth stimulation on Zea mays, but hampered shoot growths. Since radicle growth alone cannot increase recruitment, unbalanced growth is eventually harmful to crops. Thus, we conclude that P. juliflora contains water-soluble allelochemicals capable of inhibiting tropical crops and not good for agroforestry.Keywords: Agroforestry, Crops, Cotton, Grasses, Prosopis, Phytoinhibition, Ethiopia

Topic: Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Globalization, WTO, and the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The paper analyzes the effect of India's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its signing of the TRIPs agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in general and the Indian sector in particular. First, it examines the effect of the implementation of the provisions of TRIPs on the growth of the national and multinational sectors of the industry. Second, it analyzes whether the new WTO rules will necessarily benefit pharmaceutical companies from the West, especially the United States and Switzerland, and whether there is evidence to support the assertion made by industry insiders that by 2015 multinational corporations will reestablish their monopoly of the industry by controlling at least 60% of the Indian market. Third, it investigates whether the multinational monopoly of the drug industry has had—or will have—a negative consequence for Indian consumers. Finally, the article examines the ways in which Indian companies are responding to the challenges of globalization and analyzes their new strategies, such as (1) outsourcing deals with multinationals to produce generic and patented drugs, (2) increasing R&D activities to enable them to make a transition from being drug “imitators” to drug “innovators,” (3) undertaking contract research, including outsourced clinical trials, (4) collaborating in joint R&D and product and process development to synergize their knowledge-base and effectively exploit available human resources and infrastructure (Ranbaxy's alliance with GlaxoSmithKline), and (5) undergoing a consolidation phase through indigenous mergers and acquisitions and strategic alliances.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A DFT-D4 investigation of the complexation phenomenon between pentachlorophenol and β-cyclodextrin

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the BLYP-D4 and PBEh-3c composite methods were performed for investigating the encapsulation mode of pentachlorophenol (PCP) inside the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Different quantum chemical parameters such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO–LUMO gap were calculated. Complexation energies were computed at the molecular level to provide insight into the inclusion of PCP inside the β-CD cavity. The Independent gradient model (IGM) approach was applied to characterize the non-covalent interactions that occurred during the complex (PCP@β-CD) formation. Two modes of inclusion were considered in this work (modes A and B). Calculated complexation energies as well as the changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free Gibbs energy exhibit negative values for both modes A and B, indicating a thermodynamically favorable process. Weak Van der Waals interactions and one strong intermolecular hydrogen bond act as the main driving forces behind the stabilization of the formed most stable complex. This study was carried out to explore the potential use of the β-CD as a host macrocycle for sensing and capturing pentachlorophenol.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural and Derivational Typology of Russian Northwestern Hydronyms

The article describes some preliminary results of a structural and derivational analysis of river, brook and lake names of the Russian Northwest presenting a list of the main formants proper to the Slavic hydronymy of the region and lists of structural elements proper to non-Slavic hydronyms. The author analyzes the notion of derivation as applied to hydronymy, draws a typology of formants, observes preferences for choosing formants depending on hydro-object classes, and, finally, focuses on onymization and transonymization processes, microsystemic relations, ways of hydronyms formation, their variation, etc.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diversity management in preschools using a critical incident approach

Using the critical incident approach, preschool teachers at 10 preschools in Sweden were asked to describe their work with respect to ethnic and cultural diversity. The study attempted to provide insights that go beyond commonly used models of intercultural sensitivity and intercultural competence (e.g. Gudykunst and Kim; Landis, Bennett, and Bennett). Four different understandings and approaches to ethnic and cultural diversity were discernible in the empirical material (i.e. 'instrumental,' 'co-productive,' 'facilitative proactive,' and 'agitative proactive'). The data suggest that preschool teachers, in order to be interculturally competent, need to work systematically with intercultural pedagogy, intercultural communication skills, and with their discursive awareness. Moreover, it is concluded that if preschool teachers fail to scrutinize their own values, modes of behavior, and a-priori understanding of what 'is' cultural behavior, they may sustain cultural stereotypes.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of Novel Aminoglycoside-Arginine Conjugates at Early Stages of Infection

Conjugates of L-arginine with aminoglycosides have already been described as potent in vitro inhibitors of the HIV-1 Tat–trans-activation responsive element interaction. The polycationic nature of these agents leads us to suggest that they may be active against HIV-1 replication by inhibiting earlier stages of the virus life cy-cle. We have found that R4K and R3G, kanamycin A, and gentamicin C, conjugated with arginine, inhibited HIV-1 NL4-3 replication at EC50 values of 15 and 30 mM for R3G and R4K, respectively, without a detectable tonic effect on MT-4 cells at concentrations higher than 4000 and about 1000 mM, respectively. Both com-pounds inhibited the binding of a monoclonal antibody (12G5) directed to CXCR4 as well as the intracellu-lar Ca2 1 signal induced by the chemokine SDF-1a on CXCR4 1 cells, suggesting that aminoglycoside–argi-nine conjugates interact with CXCR4, the coreceptor used by T-tropic, X4 strains of HIV-1. On the other hand, CB4K, a conjugate of kanamycin A with c-guanidinobu tyric acid, structurally similar to R4K, failed to display any anti-HIV activity of CXCR4 antagonist activity. An HIV-1 strain that was made resistant to the known CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was cross-resistant to both R4K and R3G. However, unlike SDF-1a and R4K, R3G inhibited the binding of HIV-1 to MT-4 cells. Aminoglycoside–arginine conjugates inhibit HIV replication by interrupting the early phase of the virus life cycle, namely virus binding to CD4 cells and in-teraction with CXCR4. R3G and R4K may serve as prototypes of novel anti-HIV agents and should be fur-ther studied. 627

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of luteal phase prolongation with medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate in women following recurrent implantation failure

Introduction: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is increasingly used to help infertile couples to have a child. However, less than one-third of transferred embryos result in successful implantation and live birth. Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is an outstanding barrier to pregnancy achievement by this advanced technology. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that luteal phase prolongation would lead to endometrial thickening and decrease the RIF’s rate. Methods: This interventional study was conducted in the infertility clinic of the Alzahra Teaching Hospital and Asadabadi polyclinic, Tabriz, Iran. Sixty women, aged 20–40 years, with a history of RIF following several in vitro fertilization treatment cycles with mid-luteal progesterone levels less than 3 ng/mL, and endometrial thickness less than 8mm were recruited through the purposive sampling method. Participants were treated for six cycles with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) tablet 5 mg/12 h initiated from the 16th day of their menstrual cycle for 20 days and evaluated for study outcomes during this course. Endometrial thickness was compared before and after MPA administration in the whole study population. The pregnancy rate was determined. Pregnancy complications and conditions were evaluated during the study. Results: Endometrial thickness was increased in patients after MPA administration (mean difference [95% CI]: 2.66 [2.43 to 2.89]; P&lt;0.001). Overall, 80% (n=48) of participants achieved biochemical pregnancy during a 6-month treatment. Four pregnancies out of 48, were lost in different stages of pregnancy. One participant experienced gestational diabetes in the 24th week of pregnancy. No embryo-fetal abnormality was present until delivery. Conclusion: Administration of MPA following RIF induces endometrial development and facilitates embryo implantation by luteal phase prolongation which results in natural pregnancy achievement followed by timed intercourse.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Seasonality of congenital anomalies in Europe

Background This study describes seasonality of congenital anomalies in Europe to provide a baseline against which to assess the impact of specific time varying exposures such as the H1N1 pandemic influenza, and to provide a comprehensive and recent picture of seasonality and its possible relation to etiologic factors. Methods: Data on births conceived in 2000 to 2008 were extracted from 20 European Surveillance for Congenital Anomalies population‐based congenital anomaly registries in 14 European countries. We performed Poisson regression analysis encompassing sine and cosine terms to investigate seasonality of 65,764 nonchromosomal and 12,682 chromosomal congenital anomalies covering 3.3 million births. Analysis was performed by estimated month of conception. Analyses were performed for 86 congenital anomaly subgroups, including a combined subgroup of congenital anomalies previously associated with influenza. Results: We detected statistically significant seasonality in prevalence of anomalies previously associated with influenza, but the conception peak was in June (2.4% excess). We also detected seasonality in congenital cataract (April conceptions, 27%), hip dislocation and/or dysplasia (April, 12%), congenital hydronephrosis (July, 12%), urinary defects (July, 5%), and situs inversus (December, 36%), but not for nonchromosomal anomalies combined, chromosomal anomalies combined, or other anomalies analyzed. Conclusion: We have confirmed previously described seasonality for congenital cataract and hip dislocation and/or dysplasia, and found seasonality for congenital hydronephrosis and situs inversus which have not previously been studied. We did not find evidence of seasonality for several anomalies which had previously been found to be seasonal. Influenza does not appear to be an important factor in the seasonality of congenital anomalies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:260–269, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Left motor cortex contributes to auditory phonological discrimination

Abstract Evidence suggests that the articulatory motor system contributes to speech perception in a context-dependent manner. This study tested 2 hypotheses using magnetoencephalography: (i) the motor cortex is involved in phonological processing, and (ii) it aids in compensating for speech-in-noise challenges. A total of 32 young adults performed a phonological discrimination task under 3 noise conditions while their brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography. We observed simultaneous activation in the left ventral primary motor cortex and bilateral posterior–superior temporal gyrus when participants correctly identified pairs of syllables. This activation was significantly more pronounced for phonologically different than identical syllable pairs. Notably, phonological differences were resolved more quickly in the left ventral primary motor cortex than in the left posterior–superior temporal gyrus. Conversely, the noise level did not modulate the activity in frontal motor regions and the involvement of the left ventral primary motor cortex in phonological discrimination was comparable across all noise conditions. Our results show that the ventral primary motor cortex is crucial for phonological processing but not for compensation in challenging listening conditions. Simultaneous activation of left ventral primary motor cortex and bilateral posterior–superior temporal gyrus supports an interactive model of speech perception, where auditory and motor regions shape perception. The ventral primary motor cortex may be involved in a predictive coding mechanism that influences auditory-phonetic processing.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
sj-docx-1-affilia-10.1177_08861099211062942 - Supplemental material for A Post-Structural Feminist Analysis of Eating Disorders Intervention Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-affilia-10.1177_08861099211062942 for A Post-Structural Feminist Analysis of Eating Disorders Intervention Research by Amina Hussain, Mishal Dar and Kyle T. Ganson in Affilia

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Bio-efficacy of new insecticides against diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) on cabbage

The Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) shows resistance to every group of conventional insecticide and unable to reduce the population and their damage. New molecules are crucial tool for their management. The efficacy of insecticides were evaluated against P. Xylostella with treatments viz. spinosad 45% SC @ 185ml, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 250g, indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 500ml, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150ml, Cyantraniliprole 10% OD @ 600g, neem oil 32% EC @ 1.5L and flubendiamide 20% WG @ 100g commercial formulation dosage ha-1. The efficacies were calculated by Henderson and Tilton method. After five days of spray, maximum efficacy was obtained from chlorantraniliprole which was at par with, Cyantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide and spinosad, these were significantly superior over indoxacarb and neem oil. After ten days of spray, maximum efficacy was again with Cyantraniliprole which was at par with chlorantraniliprole and these were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole may be admissible in to IPM tool to combat P. Xylostella by dint of their efficiency.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Expression of lipopolysaccharide receptors CD14 and TLR4 in a model of rat molar apical periodontitis].

CD14 and TLR4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis, probably via immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on heat tolerance at rest and orthostatic heat tolerance in a hot environment.

Twelve young male Japanese were exposed to a hot environment in summer, and changes in systolic blood pressure induced by changing the position from recumbent to sitting were observed. Sweating was induced in a climatic chamber at 30 degree C with 70% relative humidity by immersing both legs up to the knees into a water bath of 42 degree C for 90 min after sitting on a chair at rest for 30 min in the chamber. The mean values of rise in rectal temperature, body weight loss and mean sodium concentration in sweat were 0.62 degree C, 0.67 kg and 46 mEq/l, respectively. The mean values of fall in systolic blood pressure associated with changing posture and its recovery time were 13.7 mm Hg and 77.5 sec, respectively. Heat tolerance at rest was assessed by a numerical heat tolerance index involving relative water loss, relative rise in rectal temperature, and relative salt loss. Values of relative water loss, relative rise in rectal temperature, and the numerical heat tolerance index correlated closely to those of fall in systolic blood pressure and its recovery time.

Topic: Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Popularity Function Forecasts for the 2005 UK General Election

The article provides a set of contingent forecasts for the forthcoming UK general election. The forecasts are based on popularity function derived from monthly time series data covering the period 1997–2004. On most likely assumptions, the forecasts produce a clear Labour victory in the early summer of 2005, with the Liberal Democrats increasing their vote share by roughly four percentage points.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identity, Authentication and Authorization in Forestry 4.0 Using OAuth 2.0

The Internet of Things (IoT), one of the widely discussed topics in the context of Industry 4.0, denotes a novel communication network founded on several federated Internet technologies. In this virtual space, diverse Things are interconnected to enable service and information identification as well as exchange between stakeholders. In forestry, the application of the IoT deduces Forestry 4.0, which aims to digitalize a variety of value-added chains and mapped processes. Nevertheless, with an increasingly growing number of Things in the IoT, the challenge of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA rules) of communication becomes inevitable. A general approach to cover these aspects incorporates, among others, the use of authentication and authorization processes. Hence, this paper proposes an authentication and authorization approach using OAuth 2.0, designed explicitly for so-called Forestry 4.0 Things, connected over an IoT infrastructure termed the Smart Systems Service Infrastructure (S3I).

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The potential of the professional portfolio for nursing

Summary Professional profiles and portfolios have recently been identified by nursing's regulatory bodies in the UK as ways of recording each nurse's career and professional development. Although the use of portfolios is widespread in education, the concept of a developmental portfolio to support continuing professional development on an individual basis is recent. As an innovation in nursing the portfolio is to be used for periodic registration with the UK Central Council (UKCC), for the on‐going recording of learning, both formal and experiential, and as a way of accrediting prior learning for academic purposes. This paper argues that the potential of the portfolio is wider than the purposes already identified in that the knowledge generated from experiential learning and identified by reflective practice is of specific interest and value to the nursing profession as a whole. In particular portfolios are likely to record the knowledge embedded in practice, which is often hard to describe, yet represents nursing's expertise. For this potential to be realized pragmatic issues such as finance, time and verification of experiences need to be addressed, and an infrastructure created to support the nurse compiling the profile.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
STEM CELL THERAPY: ITS LEGALITY IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF INDONESIAN LAW AND PROGRESSIVE ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

Stem cell therapy presents an innovative medical intervention that can fix the damages on the human body by repairing, replacing, restoring, and regenerating the damaged tissue and organs (so called regenerative medicine) without surgery. It has been undergoing an axiological and revolutionary progress both in medical treatments (treatments for degenerative diseases, genetic disorders, damages or death of nerves and tissues / necrosis) and preventive actions such as aging prevention and reverse aging treatments. This study is library research and aims to overview such therapy from the perspectives of Indonesian law and progressive fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The result shows that, according to the Indonesian law and the Islamic progressive fiqh, the stem cell therapy for the treatment of degenerative diseases, genetic disorders and tissue damages or for reverse aging treatment using the cells that come from oneself (autologous) and from other people (allogeneic) is permissible, whereas if the cells come from embryonic cells, animals (xenogeneic) or plants, the Indonesian Law prohibits it while the Islamic progressive fiqh deems it permissible under strict conditions.

Topic: Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A computer technology for determining radiographic testing sensitivity by the image of a groove standard

In determining the sensitivity of radiographic testing of welded joints by groove standard, computer analysis of brightness is usually carried out along a longitudinal line drawn in the middle of an X-ray image of the standard. It is suggested that a brightness curve of the line outlined along the standard should not be analyzed but the brightness should be determined by averaging the gray levels of the line segments parallel to the smaller side of the standard. To determine points belonging to the line segments, methods for indicating the boundaries of an object in an image and Hough transforms are used. The radiographic testing sensitivity is determined taking into account the Weber-Fechner law as well as values of the grayscale of grooves and their background calculated by the proposed technique.

Topic: Image and Object Detection Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dorian R. Woods (2012), Family Policy in Transition: US and UK Policies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. £57.50, pp. 269, hbk.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences