jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The developmental plasticity and functional significance of an additional sperm storage compartment in female yellow dung flies

Summary The mechanistic basis for and adaptive significance of variation in female sperm storage organs are important for a range of questions concerning sexual selection and speciation, as such variation influences the evolutionary trajectories of male fertilization related traits and may facilitate speciation through its effects on gamete recognition. Female yellow dung flies ( Scathophaga stercoraria) usually develop three sperm storage compartments, and this subdivision may be an adaptation for sorting sperm during postcopulatory choice. Using lines artificially selected to express four spermathecae (4s), we explored the fitness consequences of the novel phenotype relative to the naturally prevalent three‐spermatheca (3s) phenotype by manipulating the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (females mated either with three or only one male prior to oviposition). In addition, we examined the developmental plasticity of spermathecal number in response to different larval food environments and estimated its genetic correlation with growth rate. Mating treatments with and without the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection revealed no significant fitness differences between alternative spermathecal phenotypes within selection lines despite overall benefits associated with multiple mating, and moderate egg‐to‐adult survival costs in response to artificial selection for 4s. Manipulations of the larval food environment revealed that the expression of 4s is highly plastic and tightly linked to environmental conditions promoting fast somatic growth and development. Likewise, siblings with fast intrinsic (genetic) growth were more likely to express 4s within and across food environments. The present results highlight a great potential for rapid evolutionary change in female sperm storage morphology through indirect selection on life‐history traits, and further suggest genetic assimilation as a potential mechanism facilitating phylogenetic transitions in spermatheca number as frequently observed within the Dipterans.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Semantically Rich Framework for Knowledge Representation of Code of Federal Regulations

Federal government agencies and organizations doing business with them have to adhere to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The CFRs are currently available as large text documents that are not machine processable and so require extensive manual effort to parse and comprehend, especially when sections cross-reference topics spread across various titles. We have developed a novel framework to automatically extract knowledge from CFRs and represent it using a semantically rich knowledge graph. The framework captures knowledge in the form of key terms, rules, topic summaries, relationships between various terms, semantically similar terminologies, deontic expressions, and cross-referenced facts and rules. We built our framework using deep learning technologies like TensorFlow for word embeddings and text summarization, Gensim for topic modeling, and Semantic Web technologies for building the knowledge graph. In this article, we describe our framework in detail and present the results of our analysis of the Title 48 CFR knowledge base that we have built using this framework. Our framework and knowledge graph can be adopted by federal agencies and businesses to automate their internal processes that reference the CFR rules and policies.

Topic: Data Quality and Management
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
How to abolish cyberwar

Part III of our series Cyberpeace: Dimensionen eines Gegenentwurfs on cyberpeace: Cyberwar is like a discursive plague. After years and years of writing texts about it and against it, the concept is still scary, still spreading, still harmful. Its power is such that it is not simply being used in discourse – but is in fact forcing its specific discursive structures and rules on us. In short, we may keep questioning this concept, but we will never get rid of it...

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Induction of Myxedema by Iodide in Patients Euthyroid after Radioiodine or Surgical Treatment of Diffuse Toxic Goiter

In all 10 patients with diffuse toxic goiter of Graves disease rendered euthyroid by radioiodine six months to six years earlier, myxedema (as evidenced by typical signs and symptoms, rises in serum TSH and cholesterol concentrations and decrease in serum thyroxine into the hypothyroid range) developed after small, pharmacologic doses of iodide. Of seven similar patients who had been treated surgically, frank hypothyroidism developed in two, one remained entirely unchanged, and the remaining four displayed slight abnormalities in serum thyroxine or TSH concentrations without overt hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland in Graves disease appears to be inherently susceptible to the induction of iodide myxedema, and such susceptibility may be enhanced or its demonstration facilitated by radioiodine treatment.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nonprofit Management, Public Administration, and Public Policy: Separate, Subset, or Intersectional Domains of Inquiry?

We view public administration, public policy, and nonprofit management as intersectional domains of inquiry and argue that advances in each of these domains requires us to bring knowledge from other domains. Contemporary observers also recognize that many nonprofit organizations go beyond a mere service delivery role and play a central role in policy development, funding, and program administration. Through this special issue, we bring together scholars who are working at the intersection of public administration, public policy and nonprofit management, defining this intersection in a broad and inclusive manner. In addition to encouraging explicit connections across public policy, public administration, and nonprofit management, we highlight understudied aspects of work at this intersection. We believe that conducting research across disciplines and combining the "firepower" of an intersectional perspective is essential for addressing big questions. The special issue contributors have engaged these intersectional themes with verve and imagination. After providing an overview of the relationship between nonprofit management, public administration, and public policy drawing upon the conference hosted at The George Washington University, we briefly characterize individual contributions to the special issue.

Topic: Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Integration of the Periodic Camassa-Holm Equation with a Self-Consistent Source

Recently, much attention has been paid to the soliton equations with a self-consistent source.&#13;\nPhysically, sources arise in solitary waves with a variable speed and lead to a variety of dynamics of&#13;\nphysical models. With regard to their applications, these kinds of systems are usually used to describe&#13;\ninteractions between different solitary waves. In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the&#13;\nCamassa—Holm equation with a source in the class of periodic functions. The main result of this work&#13;\nis a theorem on the evolution of the spectral data of the weighted Sturm—Liouville operator whose&#13;\npotential is a solution to the periodic Camassa–Holm equation with a source. The obtained equalities&#13;\nallow us to apply the method of the inverse spectral transform to solve the Cauchy problem for the&#13;\nperiodic Camassa-Holm equation with a source

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Symmetry and asymmetry in monitoring data. Normal and log-normal distributions

This chapter presents the foundations of two of the most important frequency distributions in environmental monitoring: normal and log-normal distributions. The main characteristics, properties, and parameters are presented, with indications on how to define and interpret them. Normal distributions are widely used and are associated with a symmetric interpretation of data distribution; however, this may not be the case with environmental monitoring data. Therefore, we provide conceptual background to think about data in a nonsymmetrical way, taking the log-normal distribution to represent this typical asymmetrical behaviour of environmental data. Chapters 9 and 10 will make use of the concepts presented here.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protocol for bird (Aves) monitoring in floodplains of the continental part of Croatia

U okviru INTEREG projekta Drava kao pogranicna rijeka: uspostavljanje suradnje u oblasti zastite prirode, u ocuvanju bioloske raznolikosti, prenosenju iskustava u pracenju stanja s ciljem razvoja europske ekoloske mreže jedan od ciljeva priojekta bio je izraditi i Protokol za pracene ptica na podrucju rijeka Drave i Dunava te Baranje. Protokol je primjenjiv za pracenje stanja populacija ptica kontinentalne nizinske Hrvatske na podrucju koje je ograniceno rijekama Murom i Dravom na sjeveru te rijekama Kupom i Savom na jugu

Topic: Ecology and biodiversity studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Tm&lt;formula&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;roman&gt;3+&lt;/roman&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;- and Er&lt;formula&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;roman&gt;3+&lt;/roman&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;- doped tellurite glass fibers for a broadband amplifier at 1430 to 1600 nm&lt;/title&gt;

Tellurite glasses doped with Er<SUP>3+</SUP> and Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> are investigated for broadband amplifiers in the third telecommunications window. Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of Er<SUP>3+</SUP> and Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> in tellurite glass were measured. Stimulated emission cross-sections were calculated using the McCumber method for Er<SUP>3+</SUP> and the Judd-Ofelt analysis for Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>. The obtained emission parameters are compared with those in other glass hosts. The potential advantages of tellurite glass as amplifier host are discussed.

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strategic Choice vs. Environmental Adaptation

Our inquiry focuses on the intentionality (or lack thereof) of the hypothetical relationship between firms’ intra-industry exit, a pervasive business phenomenon, and the evolution of their geographic scope. Do firms employ intra-industry exit as a deliberate mechanism to manage their geographic scope along their life-cycle? Alternately, is the firms’ geographic scope simply determined by their inadvertent exit from a few sub-markets in a dynamic industry environment? The empirical setting of the post-divestiture US Long Distance Telecommunications Services Industry satisfies our requirement of a geographically fragmented industry characterized by demand-side heterogeneity across the independent geographic sub-markets. We find that while firm performance influences the intra-industry exit decision, it is the firm- in-market performance that influences their decision to exit a specific sub- market. We also find that firms’ intra-industry exit decision, when influenced by firm performance, does lead to reduction in geographic scope. Our findings allow us to reconcile the ‘strategic choice’ logic with the ‘environmental adaptation’ logic to suggest that firms employ intra-industry exit as a strategic adaptive mechanism.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Generalized network flow techniques for dynamic voltage scaling in hard real-time systems

Energy consumption is an important performance parameter for portable and wireless embedded systems. However, energy consumption must be carefully balanced with real-time responsiveness in hard real-time systems. We present an optimal offline dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) scheme for dynamic power management in such systems. A generalized network flow model for the uniprocessor DVS problem is developed and solved optimally using an efficient network flow algorithm. The proposed method outperforms existing DVS schemes for several popular embedded processors where the number of processor speeds is limited to a few values. The GNF model provides theoretical lower bounds on energy consumption using DVS in hard real-time systems.

Topic: Real-Time Systems Scheduling
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Establishing an evidence-based 9D evaluation approach for ERP post-implementation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a systematic and customisable framework, titled the 9D approach, aiming to evaluate the enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as well as to identify potential socio-technical problems, misfits and deficiencies that can cause ERP failure during the system post-implementation phase. Design/methodology/approach The proposed 9D ERP evaluation framework includes nine dimensions and 85 evaluation criteria. This theoretical framework is then used in a six-step evaluation process based on a mixed-methods design. A case study involving a large-size private company in China was used as an exemplification to illustrate how the proposed 9D approach can be applied in practices. Findings The findings of the study clearly demonstrated that after the ERP “go-live” point, companies still experience many challenges and problems in the post-implementation phase. These problems can be located in very diverse organisational, systemic and personnel aspects of the company, as well as across different functional areas and organisational levels. The proposed 9D approach was demonstrated to be an efficient and systematic tool to investigate and explore such ERP problems in an in-depth level within the organisational context. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the theory of IS evaluation in general, and provides valuable insights into the ERP post-implementation evaluation in particular. Practical implications The proposed ERP evaluation approach forms a sound base for continuous ERP improvement and contributes to sustain seamless alignment between ERP and its organisational context. The customisable feature of the framework offers flexibility and enables its use by companies of all sizes, any sector, and any country. Originality/value To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the most extensive and comprehensive framework for the post-evaluation of ERPs proposed hitherto. The need for this new framework was grounded on the argumentation of the drawbacks of existing ERP measurement and evaluation studies that simply focus on success rather than the more critical failure factors.

Topic: ERP Systems Implementation and Impact
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Coherent Multiuser Detection

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multiuser Detection in Frequency-Domain Spread Multicarrier CDMA Multiuser Detection in Multicarrier DS-CDMA Multiuser Detection in Time-Frequency-Domain Spread Multicarrier DS-CDMA Summary and Discussion Appendix 6.A Derivatives with Respect to Complex Vector/Matrix Appendix 6.B Matrix Inversion Appendix 6.C Suboptimal Algorithms for Maximum Likelihood Decision Multiuser Detection

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A meta-regression analysis on intergenerational transmission of education: publication bias and genuine empirical effect

In this article, we evaluate to what extent parental education impacts the education of their children by using a meta-regression analysis. Since the mi-1970s, there is a large and growing literature that deals with the causal impact on parental education on children's education. Those studies exhibit a large range of values for the education transmission coefficient. We consider an alternative way to estimate a true effect of parent education, discussing the existing empirical literature by using a meta-regression analysis. Our database is composed of a large set of both published and unpublished papers written over the last 40 years (1974-2014). This database allows us to econometrically evaluate an effect of parents education on their children, irrespective of articles heterogeneity (data sources, included explanatory variables, econometric strategy, type of publication), and of publication bias. We find evidence for both a publication bias and a large transmission coefficient of education.

Topic: Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Photon spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion via an electrically tunable q-plate

Exploiting electro-optic effects in liquid crystals, we achieved real-time control of the retardation of liquid-crystal-based q-plates through an externally applied voltage. Electro-optic q-plates can be operated as electrically driven converters of photon spin into orbital angular momentum, enabling a variation of the orbital angular momentum probabilities of the output photons over a time scale of milliseconds.

Topic: Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The importance of evolutionary history in studies of plant physiological ecology: examples from cerrados and forests of central Brazil

Studies that compare physiology, anatomy, and ecology across species have offered some of the best insight into adaptation and evolutionary constraints in plants. As a result, the comparative approach has become increasingly used in studies of plant physiological ecology. The high species diversity of Brazilian biomes provides many excellent opportunities for comparative plant ecophysiology, and could be better exploited for understanding the evolution of plant form and function. In this paper we emphasize the importance of considering phylogenetic information for the design and analysis of comparative studies, relying on examples from comparisons of woody plants from cerrado and gallery (riparian) forests. The use of congeneric species pairs, each containing one cerrado species and one forest species of the same genus, greatly improves statistical power while assuring phylogenetic independence, an essential condition for inference in comparative studies. For example, in a study of seedlings of nine cerrado species and nine forest species, when we ignore phylogenetic relationships, it is not be possible to conclude that cerrado and forest species differ with regard to leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), or seedling height. If, however, we use the generic groupings to account for phylogenetic effects, then we find that seedlings of savanna species have lower LAR, SLA, and seedling height. Much of the phylogenetic inertia observed for these traits appears related to the fact that these traits are all strongly correlated with seed mass, which has been previously shown to be strongly conserved phylogenetically. These examples emphasize the importance of phylogenetic information in comparative studies.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Constraints on the Development of Phonemic Awareness

Fifteen years after Liberman's seminal studies (Liberman, 1973; Liberman, 
Shankweiler, Fischer, & Carter, 1974), owing to her subsequent work as well 
as to the work of many researchers, we certainly know more about the factors 
that influence the development of phonemic awareness. However, we still 
insufficiently understand the processes by which a child attains conscious 
representations of phonemes. Here I try to formulate the main questions that 
this development raises. In the first section, I argue for the view that 
phonemic awareness generally does not develop in the absence of explicit 
instruction on a graphic code that represents phonemic information. In the 
second section, I propose some speculations about the relations between 
phonemic awareness and the perception of speech.

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
EMG MEASURES OF FRONTALIS MUSCLE TENSION FOR SEXUALLY SATISFIED AND SEXUALLY DISSATISFIED FEMALES

In recent years biofeedback has proven to be of value in manyrespects. The electromyograph (EMG) has been used in diagnostics as well as in muscle training for people with nerve damage involving various muscle groups. EMG has also been found an effective and expeditious therapy for muscle tension headaches. This particular use of EMG re­ quires placing electrodes on a person's forehead. In the course of treatment he becomes more aware of the level of tension in the forehead muscle (frontalis) and learns how to regulate its level of tension. Etontalis EMG training has been shown to be more effective than various forms of relaxation training in increasing one's awareness of muscle tension and ability to regulate it. The similarity of the prin­ cipal components of frontalis EMG training and the technique of sensate focus (used in sex therapy, where a person's awareness and comfortable use of their sense of touch is facilitated) leads to the question: Can frontalis EMG training be a valuable part of sex therapy? Before such a question can be answered it is necessary to explore some preliminary questions. A principal question, and that investigated in this study, is: Do sexually satisfied and sexually dissatisfied females have differ­ ent levels of frontalis EMG? If so, EMG training could be a particularly valuable dimension of sex therapy. Using the Sexual Interaction Inventory (SII) and a woman's selfrating of level of sexual satisfaction, twelve sexually satisfied and

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences