jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Norman operation “Overlord”: a second front or a two-front war

The relevance of this research is determined by the current geopolitical situation, characterized by intensified attempts to falsify the history of World War II. In this context, an objective assessment of the impact of the opening of the Second Front in the European theater of operations on the overall victory over Nazism represents a key problem in contemporary military-historical science. One of the debatable problems of modern military-historical science is an objective assessment of the role and significance of the opening of the Second Front in the European theater of operations in the final defeat of the Nazi Germany's troops and its satellites. Generalization of the historiographical experience of studying the indicated problem, taking into account the source base available to researchers, allows us to identify the author's position on the stated topic. The purpose of the research is to provide a scientific assessment of the historical events related to the problem of the opening of the Second Front by the Allied forces of the Anti-Hitler Coalition. Objectives: To identify and systematize the key parameters characterizing the genesis, stages of preparation, dynamics of development, and effectiveness of the strategic operation “Overlord”. Methodology. The research is based on the fundamental principles of objectivity, historicism, and a systemic approach. A set of complementary general scientific and specifically historical methods was used in the process, including analytical, critical, problem-chronological, and retrospective analysis. Results. The article reveals the foundations of the military-historical view 80 years later on the Normandy strategic operation “Overlord” and raises the question of whether it was the opening of the Second Front or still a war against German troops on two fronts. Based on factual material, an assessment is given of historical events related to the problem of the opening of the Second Front by the Allied forces of the Anti-Hitler Coalition. The process of preparing this operation is presented, and the features of its course and significance for modernity are shown. Conclusions. During Operation Overlord, not only new means of armed struggle were used, but advanced elements of military art were also embodied: strategic deterrence, misleading the enemy, operational camouflage, and joint landing of air and sea assaults. All these elements are still widely used in the theory and practice of military affairs.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment on Sexual Activity

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the unique impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on sexual activity among older adults. Methods: Data for the study were drawn from a national survey entitled the “Determinants of Wellness among Older Malaysians: A Health Promotion Perspective” conducted in 2010. Results: According to the Mini-Mental State Examination education-adjusted cutoff points, 15.6% of the 1046 respondents were identified as having MCI. Older adults with MCI had a significantly lower level of sexual activity than the healthy cognitive group (chi-square = 50.20, P &lt; .001, 32.5% vs 62.3%). The results of 3-step hierarchical logistic regression model revealed that MCI is significantly associated with decreased sexual activity in community-dwelling older adults, over and beyond demographic factors, and age-related medical conditions affecting sexual activity (odds ratio 0.33, P &lt; .001, 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.49). Conclusion: Findings from the present study support the significant role of cognitive functioning to perform sexual activity in later life.

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Aircraft Attitude Robust Inversion Fault-tolerant Control Based on Observer

For attitude control system, based on instruction filter back-stepping techniques, a robust fault-tolerant control method is proposed. Firstly, attitude control system mathematical model is given, on this basis, the attitude control system under the modeling errors caused by uncertainty, external disturbances and control surfaces faults are considered. The fault tolerant control design involves two main units, one is auxiliary system design, the other is controller design using the auxiliary system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can make the tracking performance for flight control system.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Sulphate and Chloride Ions on the Solvent Extraction of Some Metal Ions with Liquid Cation Exchangers

The extraction of the metal ions from sulphate and chloride solutions with Versatic Acid 911 and di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid in benzene was investigated in order to clarify the effect of sulphate and chloride ions on the extraction. Sulphate and chloride ions are not extracted into the organic phase, and they affect metal extraction only by forming the complexes with metal ions in the aqueous phase. The extent of the effect on metal extraction is determined by the kind of metal ions and anionic ligands, and the concentration of ligand ions. Therefore, the difference in extraction behaviour may be explained by the complexing ability of the various anionic ligands present in the aqueous phase. Formation constants of the complexes between metal ions and anionic ligands were computed from these distribution data.

Topic: Extraction and Separation Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Response-time guarantees in ATM networks

We present a method for providing response time guarantees in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The method is based on traditional real time CPU Response Time Analysis (RTA), and is intended to be used for admission control of hard real time traffic. The method determines if a new connection can be admitted without violating the strict timing requirements specified for the new as well as old connections. We illustrate the merits of our method by comparing it with Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and the Calculus for Network Delays (CND). Two types of comparisons are made. In the first, we evaluate how well the associated analysis can accommodate different traffic scenarios and loads, and in the second comparison we use simulation to compare observed worst case behaviors with estimates obtained by the analysis. The comparisons clearly indicate that RTA outperforms both WFQ and CND for a set of realistic traffic scenarios.

Topic: Real-Time Systems Scheduling
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Damage detection in composite beam type structure by strain measurements

In this paper a technique for detecting multiple delamination in a weakly damaged composite beam is presented. The conventional techniques have been successfully used to detect single delamination in composite beams. However, these techniques were not as successful in detecting multiple delaminations particularly with measurement noise in the data. Moreover, the effectiveness of these techniques relies on the reference data with which the information is compared to discriminate the damage. The proposed technique uses the perturbation in the strain measurements along the beam axis to localize multiple delaminations. A Bayesian data fusion technique developed previously is used here with strain measurements to localize the delaminations by suppressing the noise. The smart statistical fusion of several likelihood functions screens out the false noisy peaks from the damage indices and accurately highlights the delamination locations.  The simulation results in this paper indicate that the proposed technique accurately detects both delaminations with severity as small as 4% even when the data are contaminated with noise level up to 20% of the measured time response signal. For further smaller delaminations, the proposed technique was able to detect one damage clearly with 5% noise level.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance Analysis of Stock Price Prediction Model using LSTM and BiLSTM

Abstract: In the world of market price prediction, price prediction plays an important role in terms of providing investors with an opportunity to reduce risk while making a profit. A successful prediction model has the potential to have a significant impact on industry. For prediction, researchers use a variety of methods. We used two recurrent neural network models in our research: long short term memory and bidirectional long short term memory network model. This model can assist in determining the first accurate stock price with high accuracy. Keywords: LSTM, Bi-LSTM, RNN, Deep learning, Stock price prediction

Topic: Stock Market Forecasting Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hidden $U(1)_Y$ Ward-Takahashi identities in the spontaneously brokenAbelian Higgs model and the decoupling of certain heavy particles in its simple extensions

This work is dedicated to the memory of R. Stora. The spontaneously broken (SSB) $U(1)_Y$ Abelian Higgs model (AHM) (the gauge theory of a scalar $ϕ\propto (H+iπ)= {\tilde H}e^{i{\tilde π}/}$ and a transverse vector A) has a massless pseudo-scalar $π$ in Lorenz gauge. Physical states have a conserved global current and Goldstone theorem (GT). $\tilde π$ becomes a Nambu-Goldstone boson (NGB). Slavnov-Taylor identities keep on-shell T-matrix elements of physical states independent of anomaly-free gauge, and global, transformations, yielding towers of $ϕ$-sector Ward-Takahashi Identities (WTI), and constraining external $ϕ$ dynamics. Ultraviolet quadratic divergences (UVQD) contribute only to $m_π^2$, forced by the GT to 0, so all UVQD vanish. Weak-scale renormalized gauge-independent Higgs pole-mass and VEV are therefore not fine-tuned. The NGB is "eaten" and decouples, hiding the $U(1)_Y$ WTI from observable particle physics. Our regularization-scheme-independent results are unchanged by the addition of certain heavy fields as the extended WTI and GT cause all relevant operators to vanish. We prove 5 SSB decoupling theorems, illustrating them with two examples: a heavy $&gt;&gt;m_{Weak}$ $Z_2$-symmetric singlet real scalar field with 0 VEV; and a heavy singlet right-handed type 1 see-saw Majorana neutrino. Including all loops we prove that certain heavy degrees of freedom decouple from the low-energy effective Lagrangian, contributing only irrelevant operators after renormalization. The $ν_R^{M}$ cannot completely decouple, but becomes invisible in practice. The NGB decouples, but our hidden SSB $U(1)_Y$ WTI, and a ${\tilde π}$ shift symmetry, protect the low-energy SSB AHM physics from loop contributions of heavy particles! Gauge-independent observable weak-scale $m_{H;Pole}$ and $$ are Goldstone Exceptionally Natural, not fine-tuned.

Topic: Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Restoring the youth of aged red blood cells and extending their lifespan in circulation by remodelling membrane sialic acid

Abstract Membrane sialic acid ( SA ) plays an important role in the survival of red blood cells ( RBC s), the age‐related reduction in SA content negatively impacts both the structure and function of these cells. We have therefore suggested that remodelling the SA in the membrane of aged cells would help recover cellular functions characteristic of young RBC s. We developed an effective method for the re‐sialylation of aged RBC s by which the cells were incubated with SA in the presence of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and α‐2,3‐sialytransferase. We found that RBC s could be re‐sialylated if they had available SA ‐binding groups and after the re‐sialylation, aged RBC s could restore their membrane SA to the level in young RBC s. Once the membrane SA was restored, the aged RBC s showed recovery of their biophysical and biochemical properties to similar levels as in young RBC s. Their life span in circulation was also extended to twofold. Our findings indicate that remodelling membrane SA not only helps restore the youth of aged RBC s, but also helps recover injured RBC s.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The operation and capacity fade modelling of the lithium-ion cell for electric vehicles

The paper deals with the issues related to the operation and capacity fade modelling of lithium-ion cells. It includes the presentation of the electrochemical model of the cell in which the phenomenon of diffusion and transfer of charge on electrodes and in electrolyte was discussed. The circuit model of the cell designed for analysis of its behaviour in the conditions of the dynamically variable load was presented. The key aging processes which occur during the operation of the cells were characterised, and their impact on the wear of the cell was discussed. The model of the capacity fade of the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt cell was developed. The model parameters depends on the ambient temperature, the value of load current and the value of the average charge current. The results of the model were verified with the laboratory measurement.

Topic: Advanced Battery Technologies Research
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coat Protein-Mediated Resistance AgaInstitute Virus Infection

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
METHODS OF TEACHING THE SUBJECT “BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS” IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BOLOGNA PROCESS

Grading is a basic method of the credit-modulus system. The increasing interest of students in the ultimate result completes more conscious and active attitude toward educational activity. The article deals with the principal methodical recommendations on the construction and of delivering the course.

Topic: Biomedical and Engineering Education
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Establishment and Evaluation of Patient-Specific Virtual Ureteroscopy in Assisting Flexible Ureteroscopy for Urolithiasis

Objectives. To establish virtual ureteroscopy (VU) through computed tomography urography (CTU) data from patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) stones indicated for flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) and to validate its effectiveness. Methods. Patient-specific VU generation was accomplished through incorporating CTU data into specialized software (Crusher) developed on the open access Visualization Tools Kit (VTK). These were then presented to fURS experts and novice urologists for evaluation and comparison using modified Likert-type questionnaire of 10-point rating scales (1 = not at all useful/not at all realistic/poor, 10 = very useful/very realistic/ excellent). Results. Face and content validation of VU from 5 fURS experts in 3 different centers: overall usefulness 7.4 ± 0.5, graphics 7.4 ± 0.5, intrarenal anatomy 8.4 ± 0.5, stone details 7.8 ± 0.4, usefulness in surgical planning and training 7.6 ± 0.9. Significant increase of detection in the number of calyces and stones was found from using CTU only to CTU-VU combined in the novice group ( P = .000). Before VU observation, novices found much fewer calyces and stones than experts ( P = .004 and .000, respectively). However, this gap disappeared after VU observation ( P = .327 and .292, respectively). VU feedback from the novices was superb. Conclusions. Establishing patient-specific VU through CTU data from renal stone patients is feasible. The present VU can significantly improve novice urologists’ comprehension of intrarenal anatomy and stone information before fURS procedures. Face and content validity is also proved. This novel modality may serve as an important tool for fURS surgical planning, navigation, and training.

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The measurements of sickness absence – a theoretical perspective

The assessment of sickness absence is a challenge in spite of accessible numbers of spells, persons, and days of absence in public and employer registers. Concepts and their definitions are still to a small extent standardized, and clear and explicit definitions need to be provided. In epidemiological studies, the definition of the study base is important, and in sickness absence research a prerequisite is that an individual belongs to a sickness absence insurance scheme. Population at risk can be identified at three levels: the general population, the sickness insured population, and the sickness absent population. Cases in sickness absence studies can be quantified in terms of spell-, person-, or time based measurements. Each of these ways reflects different contents of sickness absence as a phenomenon, and the choice of measurement should be guided by the purpose of the study as well as the target area. Five different measurements (frequency, length, cumulative incidence, incidence rate, and duration) are suggested and their application is discussed. These five measurements can be seen as a summary of measurements used in different studies and an application of epidemiologic methods into sickness absence research. There are opportunities to increase the quality of sickness absence research, with an increased awareness of the importance of the measurements used.

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: European results: Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was performed in 95 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase and their data were reported to the European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Most patients presented bad prognostic factors. The results were analysed by September 1, 1993. The actuarial proportion of patients who achieved a complete hematological response at one year was 87.3+/-7.5% (95% CI). The 3-year percentage of major cytogenetic response was 38.6+/--13% (95% CI). The actuarial risk of transformation for the evaluable patients was 31.5+/-14% (95% CI) and the actuarial survival at four years was 83.3+/-10% (95% CI). These encouraging results suggest that ASCT by itself could play a role to prolong survival in CML patients.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Late EEG after-effects in humans following hyperventilation. I. A comparison between intero- and exteroceptive influences.

Using a modification of the computer period analysis of the EEG (Aladjov and Daskalova 1987) we studied the late after-effects (until the 30th min) in human EEG (monopolar leads at F1, C3, P3 and 01) following two kinds of influences: a) short interoceptive one: 3 min hyperventilation (HV) and b) a series of 5 trains of visual light flashes (VS), presented in 5-7 min intervals. The changes in the ongoing EEG in the 2nd min after each VS and in intervals of 5 min after HV were compared with the values before the stimulation. VS did not elicit long-lasting EEG after-effects, which characterized the single interoceptive influence (HV) and consisted mainly of beta-2 (24-36 Hz) EEG activity increase in all studied cortical regions (Nikolov and Kisselkova 1988). Moreover, the exteroceptive stimulation (VS) had no essential influence on the late EEG after-effects after HV, when both kinds of stimulation were applied in the same experiment.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Cruise ships and post-industrial port cities dynamics: an experimental sensory ethnographic approach to contemporary social, spatial and material interactions

This thesis proposes an experimental sensory ethnographic approach to investigate the phenomenon of cruise ship tourism, from an ashore perspective, with cruise terminals and their surroundings as key nodes to my research. My focus is on how these aquamobilities – as I designate them - are performed in, interact with, and co-produce, the places visited. The main aim of this thesis is to contribute with liveliness (Back, 2012a; Back and and Puwar, 2012) to visual sociology scholarship, and to bring further knowledge on an understudied mobilities phenomenon. Walking, photographing, and doing sound recordings, were the main practices mobilized in the (uneven) engagement with field places, complemented with participant observation, interviews and informal conversations. My multi-sited fieldwork was based in Lisbon (for six months), Barcelona (for three months), and included shorter periods in Tilbury, Dover, Bergen/Oslo, and Le Havre. A set of visual and aural materials gathered along this journey, key along the research process are, also, part of this thesis, as alternative, evidential and evocative, paths to knowledge. Theoretically, this work is framed by the new mobilities paradigm (Urry, 2000; Sheller and Urry, 2006b; Sheller, 2014), but further critical social sciences literature is mobilized, mostly with regards to post-industrial port cities and their waterfronts (Hoyle, 1994, 2000; Sieber, 1991; Chaline and Malta, 1994; Schubert, 2008), and to cruise ship tourism (Wood, 2002, 2006; Weaver, 2006; Chin, 2008; Clancy, 2008). Based on my empirical research, I will problematize the common understanding of infrastructures as fixed and immobile prevailing in the new mobilities paradigm (Hannam, Sheller, and Urry, 2006), arguing that cruise terminal infrastructures are rather elastic, dynamic, and partly mobile infrastructures. This research foregrounds both the everyday practices and long-term transformations that cruise aquamobilities are bringing to post-industrial port-cities – through new social, material, spatial and temporal dynamics.

Topic: Cruise Tourism Development and Management
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Novel Soluble and Thermally Stable Perylene Dye with Two [60] Fullerene Units

Abstract A novel fullerene derivative in which perylene group is attached to two C60 through a pyrrolidine ring has been prepared and found to exhibit good solubility, high thermal stability and broad visible-light absorption with high coefficients, and photophysical studies shows that photo-induced energy transfer from the perylene moiety to C60.

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Staphylococcus aureus Strains and 3 <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Strains Isolated from Bovine Intramammary Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common etiological agents responsible for contagious bovine mastitis. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequences, with annotations, of 27 S. aureus strains and 3 Staphylococcus species strains that were isolated from Holstein cows with intramammary infection in Canada.

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences