jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Mapping of Receptor-Functioning Domains in Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor FLVCR1

ABSTRACT Infection of cells by the highly anemogenic feline leukemia virus subgroup C (FeLV-C) is mediated by the heme exporter FLVCR1, a cell surface protein containing 12 potential transmembrane segments with six presumptive extracellular loops (ECLs). To identify FLVCR1 residues critical for mediating FeLV-C infection, we first independently isolated a human cDNA encoding the FLVCR2 protein that shares 52% identity to human FLVCR1, and we show that FLVCR2 does not function as a receptor for FeLV-C. Then, by generating specific hybrids between FLVCR1 and FLVCR2 and testing susceptibility of mouse cells expressing these hybrids to β-galactosidase encoding FeLV-C, we identify FLVCR1 ECLs 1 and 6 as critical for mediating FeLV-C infection. Mouse cells expressing a hybrid protein containing FLVCR2 backbone with the ECL6 sequence from FLVCR1 were highly susceptible to FeLV-C infection. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that a single mutation of Asn463 in FLVCR2 ECL6 to an acidic Asp residue (a residue present in the corresponding position 487 in FLVCR1 ECL6) is sufficient to render FLVCR2 functional as an FeLV-C receptor. However, an Asp487Asn mutation in FLVCR1 ECL6 or substitution of the entire FLVCR1 ECL6 sequence for FLVCR2 ECL6 sequence does not disrupt receptor function. Subsequent substitutions show that residues within FLVCR1 ECL1 also contribute to mediating FeLV-C infection. Furthermore, our results suggest that FLVCR1 regions that mediate FeLV-C surface unit binding are distinct from ECL1 and ECL6. Our results are consistent with previous conclusions that infection of cells by gammaretroviruses involves interaction of virus with multiple receptor regions.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics of Compound Magnetic Film with Electroplating

Metal film was electroplated onto fine nonmagnetic wire while the latter was twisted to different angles, and then the wire was released and another film electroplated, to induce a permanent shear stress in the first layer. When symmetric and asymmetric exciting magnetic fields were applied, voltage pulses were observed to increase monotonically for symmetric driving, but an anomalous increase in positive output voltage was observed for asymmetric driving, probably due to a uniaxial anisotropy induced by the built-in shear stress.

Topic: Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teaching computer-assisted qualitative data analysis to a large cohort of undergraduate students

Qualitative research is increasingly being conducted with the support of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), yet limited research has been conducted on integrating the teaching of CAQDAS packages within qualitative methods university courses. Existing research typically focuses on teaching NVivo to small groups of postgraduate (primarily doctoral) students and mostly take the form of reflections of the trainers. In 2011, we implemented the teaching and use of a CAQDAS package, NVivo, within a large third-year undergraduate psychology research methods unit. Sixty-seven students participated in an online survey evaluating the use of NVivo in the unit. In this paper, we present quantitative and qualitative findings related to students' perceptions of the resources provided, their confidence in using NVivo, their satisfaction with the teaching and their intentions to use CAQDAS in the future. Student evaluations were generally positive, but highlighted the need for both increased class time and greater access to the CAQDAS program outside of class time to enhance opportunities for learning.

Topic: Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Acupuncture for the treatment of pain of osteoarthritic knees

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acupuncture was more effective than sham acupuncture in the reduction of pain in persons with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods. Forty subjects (20 men, 20 women) with radiographic evidence of OA of the knee were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to either the experimental (real acupuncture) or control (sham acupuncture) groups. Subjects were treated three times per week for 3 weeks and evaluated at three test sessions. Outcome measures were: 1) the Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, 2) the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index, and 3) pain threshold at four sites at the knee. Results. The analyses of variance showed that both real and sham acupuncture significantly reduced pain, stiffness, and physical disability in the OA knee, but that there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions. Acupuncture is not more effective than sham acupuncture in the treatment of OA pain.

Topic: Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
General Geology of Bukit Tinggi Area, Pahang with emphasis on Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone

Bukit Tinggi is an area located at the southwest of Pahang and bounded by Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone and Kuala Lumpur Fault Zone. However, there is lack of correlation between the rock physical characteristics with Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone, as the available research does not thoroughly provide detailed geological properties of the rocks at Bukit Tinggi. It is known that generally, Bukit Tinggi area is dominated by igneous (Main Range Granite) and metamorphic rocks but different lithology occur at the different outcrops and it is best to compare the lithology of Janda Baik area with Bukit Tinggi area. The methodologies that are used in the research are listed down based on the scale of observation that includes microscopic (thin section analysis), mesoscopic (field and hand sample observation), and megascopic (regional study through Digital Elevation Model). The methodologies are significant to identify the detailed mineralogy and petrography of the rocks as well as the structural study of Bukit Tinggi area. From the fieldwork, overall there are total of six outcrops at Bukit Tinggi and four at Janda Baik area. At Bukit Tinggi, the igneous rocks are felsic igneous rocks which are fine to coarse-grained biotite porphyritic granite, porphyritic microgranite and granitic gneiss. The rocks also show two-phase variant granite occurrence. Meanwhile, Janda Baik area show medium-grained characteristic of biotite granite lithology. From the study, the minerals are comprised of K-Feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and chlorite. Major faults and fracture trends in this area include NNW-SSE, N-S, NW-SE, and E-W. Wide distribution of Bukit Tinggi strike slip faults interpreted occurred in the earliest phase followed by normal faulting and then reverse fault took place (Zainal Abidin et. al, 2010). The study provided more detailed findings compared to the previous studies.

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antiplatelet therapy.

Much new information has been gleaned about the morphology, biochemistry and function of platelets. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and thromboembolic disorders appears to be related to abnormal platelet function. Endothelial damage, thromboxane A2, Thrombin, adenosine diphospate and epinephrine may each promote platelet aggregation, whereas prostacyclin impairs aggregation. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone and dipyridamole have been used as antiplatelet agents, and specific indications are being developed to guide their selection.

Topic: Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
International Congress on Hormonal Steroids and Hormones and Cancer Loss of PTEN expression followed by Akt phosphorylation is a poor prognostic factor for patients with endometrial cancer

To clarify whether and how PTEN and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway relates to endometrial cancer we examined the expression of these pathway-related proteins in patients with endometrial cancer. Of 103 endometrial cancers, 37 (36%) showed negative immunohistochemical staining for PTEN. Western blotting revealed that the level of phosphorylated Akt expression in PTEN-negative cases was significantly higher compared with that in positive cases. We found a significant inverse correlation between PTEN and phosphorylated Akt. The present study indicates the phosphorylation of Akt accompanied by the loss of PTEN in clinical specimens of endometrial cancers. In order to investigate the relationship between PTEN expression and prognosis in endometrial cancer, 98 patients with advanced endometrial cancer were newly enrolled. The survival rate for PTEN-positive patients was significantly higher than that for PTEN-negative or -heterogeneous staining patients. Of the 98 patients, 25 underwent radiation therapy, 62 received chemotherapy after surgery, and the remaining 11 did not have any postoperative treatment. When patients underwent chemotherapy, the survival rate for PTEN-positive cases was clearly higher than that for PTEN-negative or -heterogeneous cases (62.4 vs 11.8%). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that PTEN staining was an independent prognostic factor for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The current study demonstrates that PTEN-positive staining is a significant prognostic indicator of favorable survival for patients with advanced endometrial cancer who undergo postoperative chemotherapy.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementation of a parallel virtual machine in the data acquisition system of a high resolution animal PET

Positron emission tomography is based on the coincident detection of two colinear emitted gamma rays with subsequent registration by a data acquisition (DAQ) system. To preserve the systems sensitivity and provide accurate tomographic imaging, a large fraction of the detected events has to be registered. Therefore, a high and constant readout capability of the DAQ architecture is desired. We have realized a low cost DAQ system for our small animal sector tomograph MADPET (2.5 mm resolution, coincidence event registration, <10 kHz readout rate). Two standard computers (AMD-K6, Linux, 10 MBit ethernet) form a parallel virtual machine (PVM-master and PVM-slave). This allows for the distribution of tasks like graphical interface, online data processing and display to the PVM-master while preserving the resources of the PVM-slave for data acquisition. A full ring dual layer 3D tomograph is currently under construction (/spl lsim/1.5 mm resolution, single event registration, <5 MHz=20 Mbyte/s singles readout rate). The DAQ system of this device will be based on SUN workstations. Reflective memory modules in each (connected with fibre optical cable) facilitate automatic memory update between both machines within 700 ns. According to our experiences with MADPET, PVM will be implemented in this system.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adult Multissystem Inflamatory Síndrome (MIS-A): case report

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 infection and its broad spectrum of systemic involvement have demonstrated the existence of equally serious extrapulmonary complications in adult patients. In this context, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS), a serious complication that occurs after acute infection and has a hyperinflammatory nature with potential multisystem involvement, began to be reported as it developed in pediatric patients and in young and middle-aged adults. Experience report: Man, 36 years old, without previous comorbidities, with a history of COVID-19 infection, 4 months ago, with mild evolution and spontaneous resolution, seeks care for persistent fever for 20 days, generalized malaise, jaundice, choluria, chest pain and neck edema. Exams showed leukocytosis, with left shift, elevated PCR, negative blood culture. The tomography revealed an expansive lesion in the chest and cervical lymph node enlargement. The patient was admitted and underwent an exploratory cervicotomy for drainage and debridement, with prescription of intravenous antibiotics. Discussion: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) associated with COVID-19 is a hyperinflammatory phenomenon that can cause organ dysfunction. Corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in treatment, but early diagnosis is crucial for a good prognosis. Conclusion: Adult Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-A) is a post-COVID-19 complication that can occur weeks after the initial infection. In this patient's case, multidisciplinary treatment, including surgery and various drug therapies, resulted in recovery. The case emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about MIS-A among health professionals and the need for research to improve diagnoses and treatments, as well as the importance of early interventions to manage the condition.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reliability and Evaluation of Health Information Online

This chapter discusses the problem of how to evaluate online health information. The quality and accuracy of online health information is an area of increasing concern for healthcare professionals and the general public. We define relevant concepts including quality, accuracy, utility, and popularity. Most users access online health information via general-purpose search engines, therefore we briefly review Web searchengine fundamentals. We discuss desirable characteristics for quality-assessment tools and the available evidence regarding their effectiveness and usability. We conclude with advice for healthcare consumers as they search for health information online.

Topic: Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Control with Herbicides: Single-Year Application<sup>1</sup>

Abstract The introduction and spread of exotic plant species is one of the most serious threats to biodiversity. It is estimated that over 40 million ha of U.S. land are already infested with invasive plants. Purple loosestrife is one such species that is currently invading wetlands and waterways in Midwestern states including 5,000 ha in Nebraska. Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at two locations in each year with the primary objective to evaluate performance of a single application of 16 herbicide treatments. A secondary objective was to document the impact of those herbicides on the total ground cover of local vegetation for two seasons after herbicide application. Evaluation at 10 wk after treatment showed that excellent season-long control (≥90%) of purple loosestrife was achieved with glyphosate at 3.36 kg ae/ha; 2,4-D dimethylamine at 2.66 kg ae/ha; triclopyr at 2.1 kg ae/ha; imazapyr at 1.68 kg ae/ha; and with the two mixtures of 2,4-D plus triclopyr at 1.33 + 1.26 kg/ha and 2,4-D plus metsulfuron at 1.33 ae/ha + 0.042 kg ai/ha. Evaluation at 1 yr after treatment (YAT) showed excellent control (≥90%), with imazapyr at 0.33, 0.66, 1.12, and 1.68 kg/ha and metsulfuron at 0.084 and 0.168 kg/ha. Evaluation at 2 YAT suggested that excellent control (≥90%) was achieved with imazapyr at 1.12 and 1.68 kg/ha and metsulfuron at 0.084 and 0.168 kg/ ha. High rates of imazapyr caused negative effects on the local vegetation, indicating that use of these rates should be limited. Results suggest that a single application of more than half of the tested herbicides did not provide satisfactory control of purple loosestrife that lasts more than two seasons. However, the selective herbicides integrated with other control methods (e.g., mechanical, biocontrol) may be a valuable strategy for longer term control. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of multiyear herbicide applications. Nomenclature: 2,4-D; glyphosate; imazapyr; metsulfuron; triclopyr; purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. #3 LYTSA. Additional index words: Integrated weed management, invasive species, noxious weeds. Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after treatment; YAT, years after treatment.

Topic: Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of nuclear membrane dynamics using anti-lamin staining offers a clear cut evidence of germinal vesicle breakdown in buffalo oocytes

Importance of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the development chronology of oocyte development can be gauged from the fact that it has been the target of several studies attempting to improve oocyte competence. Manipulation of this event rests on its precise and explicit documentation. Pertinently, we decided to compare three different methods for their efficacy and precision in assessing GVBD. Immature buffalo oocytes were subjected to GVBD inhibition using Roscovitine (Ros) and Cilostamide (Cil) under different concentrations of each as well as their combination, along with control. After 24 h of inhibition, chromatin assessment was done using aceto-orcein staining, hoechst staining and anti-lamin staining. Hoechst staining and anti-lamin staining proved to be easier and less time consuming when compared to aceto-orcein, which was cumbersome and lengthy. Aceto-orcein and hoechst staining were equally ambiguous, while antilamin staining was most precise, accurate and clear in characterizing an oocyte as germinal vesicle (GV) or GVBD. We conclude by stating that anti-lamin staining is an easy and specific technique for assessing GVBD in buffalo oocytes.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Specialized Industrial Towns as Service Centres: A Comparison of Scunthorpe and Corby

THE ADVENT of iron-ore quarrying, pig-iron production and then steel making in the northern parts of Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire has found expression in these counties in the creation of two new towns, Scunthorpe and Corby. The two towns are the only two centres of iron and steel production located on home orefields, and are currently producing one-fifth of Britain's pig-iron and one-seventh of the national steel output.1 The many similarities in urban growth invite a comparative study of the two steel towns. This paper is a study of the influence that they have had on their surrounding areas. Key maps for the two areas are given in Figure I. The bands, drawn around the two steel towns at three-mile intervals outward from their boundaries,2 provide the basis for subsequent statistical analysis. Three points are of peculiar interest. The towns are of recent origin (Table I); they are not expansions of early, established centres; and growth has been rapid, producing towns with industrial and social imbalance. They have thus grown because of attributes of site: they have not been 'set up by the countryside to perform tasks that must be performed in central places'. Yet they have developed service functions.

Topic: Urbanization and City Planning
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gaseous Products Evolution Analyses for Catalytic Decomposition of AP by Graphene-Based Additives

A quantitative evaluation method has been developed to study the effects of nanoadditives on thermal decomposition mechanisms of energetic compounds using the conventional thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG/MS) technique. The decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) under the effect of several energetic catalysts has been investigated as a demonstration. In particular, these catalysts are transition metal (Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+) complexes of triaminoguanidine (TAG), using graphene oxide (GO) as dopant. They have been well-compared in terms of their catalytic effects on the concentration of the released gaseous products of AP. These detailed quantitative analyses of the gaseous products of AP provide a proof that the proton transfer between ∙O and O2 determines the catalytic decomposition pathways, which largely depend on the type of reactive centers of the catalysts. This quantitative method could be applied to evaluate the catalytic effects of any other additives on the thermal decomposition of various energetic compounds.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Individual maize chromosomes in the C(3) plant oat can increase bundle sheath cell size and vein density.

C(4) photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. The characteristic "Kranz" anatomy of most C(4) leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains poorly defined. Oat × maize addition lines allow the effects of individual maize (Zea mays; C(4)) chromosomes to be investigated in an oat (Avena sativa; C(3)) genetic background. Here, we have determined the extent to which maize chromosomes can introduce C(4) characteristics into oat and have associated any C(4)-like changes with specific maize chromosomes. While there is no indication of a simultaneous change to C(4) biochemistry, leaf anatomy, and ultrastructure in any of the oat × maize addition lines, the C(3) oat leaf can be modified at multiple levels. Maize genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and the 2'-oxoglutarate/malate transporter are expressed in oat and generate transcripts of the correct size. Three maize chromosomes independently cause increases in vein density, and maize chromosome 3 results in larger bundle sheath cells with increased cell wall lipid deposition in oat leaves. These data provide proof of principle that aspects of C(4) biology could be integrated into leaves of C(3) crops.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of a Fall Risk Assessment Tool to Establish Continuous Quality Improvement Process for Inpatients' Falls

Purpose: The aims of study were; (1) to evaluate the validity and sensitivity of a fall-risk assessment tool, and (2) to establish continuous quality improvement (CQI) methods to monitor the effective use of the risk assessment tool. Methods: A retrospective case-control cohort design was used. Analysis was conducted for 90 admissions as cases and 3,716 as controls during the 2006 and 2007 calendar years was conducted. Fallers were identified from the hospital’s Accident Reporting System, and non-fallers were selected by randomized selection. Accuracy estimates, sensitivity analysis and logistic regression were used. Results: At the lower cutoff score of one, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 82.2%, 19.3%, 0.03%, and 96.9%, respectively. The area under the ROC was 0.60 implying poor prediction. Logistic regression analysis showed that five out of nine constitutional items; age, history of falls, gait problems, and confusion were significantly associated with falls. Based on these results, we suggested a tailored falls CQI process with specific indexes. Conclusion: The fall-risk assessment tool was found to need considerable reviews for its validity and usage problems in practice. It is also necessary to develop protocols for use and identify strategies that reflect changes in patient conditions during hospital stay.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences