jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Combinatorial Optimization Model Using Learning-to-Rank Distillation

Recently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) has proven its feasibility in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). The learning-to-rank techniques have been studied in the field of information retrieval. While several COPs can be formulated as the prioritization of input items, as is common in the information retrieval, it has not been fully explored how the learning-to-rank techniques can be incorporated into deep RL for COPs. In this paper, we present the learning-to-rank distillation-based COP framework, where a high-performance ranking policy obtained by RL for a COP can be distilled into a non-iterative, simple model, thereby achieving a low-latency COP solver. Specifically, we employ the approximated ranking distillation to render a score-based ranking model learnable via gradient descent. Furthermore, we use the efficient sequence sampling to improve the inference performance with a limited delay. With the framework, we demonstrate that a distilled model not only achieves comparable performance to its respective, high-performance RL, but also provides several times faster inferences. We evaluate the framework with several COPs such as priority-based task scheduling and multidimensional knapsack, demonstrating the benefits of the framework in terms of inference latency and performance.

Topic: Optimization and Search Problems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Retinal Boundaries and Visual Function in Gyrate Atrophy

Three patients with gyrate atrophy of the retina and choroid underwent fundus photoperimetry, the combination of fundus photography and visual field analysis within the same instrument, to examine the correspondence between the funduscopically observed, scalloped margin of remaining retina and the functional limit of the peripheral visual field. The results suggest that near the border between remaining retina and atrophic areas, visual sensitivity falls off quite rapidly, producing perimetric isopters that conform closely to the scalloped retinal margin. In some instances, visual function can be demonstrated in islands of remaining retina that are totally surrounded by atrophic areas. This study demonstrates the usefulness of fundus photoperimetry in following the course of degenerative retinal diseases.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for Determination of Offal in Beef Patties

Meat supply chain particularly slaughtering sector produces a lot of by product including offal. This study is conducted to determine the presence of beef liver in beef patties in 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% of adulteration percentage. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was used to distinguished between meat and liver. In addition, protein analysis and water holding capacity were conducted to determine the differences. FTIR spectroscopy able to detect the presence of beef liver in beef patties at 5% concentration of beef liver at spectrum ~2400 cm-1 which occur due to the O=C=O stretching of carbon dioxide. Moreover, as the percentage of beef liver added into the patties increases, notable differences were observed in seven regions which are at 3200 to 3600 cm-1, ~ 2925 cm-1, ~2855 cm-1, ~2400 cm-1, 1744 cm-1, 1650 cm-1 and ~1543 cm-1. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in protein content and water holding capacity of patties.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Competitiveness study in tourist corridors: the Brazil-Paraguay-Argentine-Chile Bioceanic Route case

Abstract: The present article deals with a study of competitiveness in the Bioceanic Route, which is made up of the Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine, and Chile countries. The general objective of this research concerns the competitiveness of tourist corridors with a focus on the countries mentioned above. As research methodology, the present investigation had a qualitative and descriptive nature. The study has a deductive approach based on bibliographical and exploratory research, in face of theoretical description and characterization, as well as documentary research, by the access to files and documents during the investigation; and moreover, for carrying out the field research stage, the criteria selected were the main destinations crossing the Bioceanic Route, for observation and data collection, and local authorities were interviewed. The itinerary considered was from Campo Grande (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), Paraguay, and Argentine to ports in Northern Chile. The criteria for analyzing the destinations were as follows: attractiveness, tourist information, transport, general infrastructure, quality of services, accessibility, hospitality, trade relations, destination management, conditional situations, and tourists’ perception. Results reveal nonconformity between the main cities in the corridor, such as Campo Grande, Salta, San Pedro de Atacama, and Iquique relative to all the elements analyzed, in relation to the other cities along the route.

Topic: Global Trade and Competitiveness
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Understanding Long-Term Trajectories in Web-Based Happiness Interventions: Secondary Analysis From Two Web-Based Randomized Trials (Preprint)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> A critical issue in understanding the benefits of Web-based interventions is the lack of information on the sustainability of those benefits. Sustainability in studies is often determined using group-level analyses that might obscure our understanding of who actually sustains change. Person-centric methods might provide a deeper knowledge of whether benefits are sustained and who tends to sustain those benefits. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of this study was to conduct a person-centric analysis of longitudinal outcomes, examining well-being in participants over the first 3 months following a Web-based happiness intervention. We predicted we would find distinct trajectories in people’s pattern of response over time. We also sought to identify what aspects of the intervention and the individual predicted an individual’s well-being trajectory. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Data were gathered from 2 large studies of Web-based happiness interventions: one in which participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 14 possible 1-week activities (N=912) and another wherein participants were randomly assigned to complete 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks of activities (N=1318). We performed a variation of K-means cluster analysis on trajectories of life satisfaction (LS) and affect balance (AB). After clusters were identified, we used exploratory analyses of variance and logistic regression models to analyze groups and compare predictors of group membership. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Cluster analysis produced similar cluster solutions for each sample. In both cases, participant trajectories in LS and AB fell into 1 of 4 distinct groups. These groups were as follows: those with high and static levels of happiness (n=118, or 42.8%, in Sample 1; n=306, or 52.8%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a lasting improvement (n=74, or 26.8% in Sample 1; n=104, or 18.0%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a temporary improvement but returned to baseline (n=37, or 13.4%, in Sample 1; n=82, or 14.2%, in Sample 2), and those with other trajectories (n=47, or 17.0%, in Sample 1; n=87, or 15.0% in Sample 2). The prevalence of depression symptoms predicted membership in 1 of the latter 3 groups. Higher usage and greater adherence predicted sustained rather than temporary benefits. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> We revealed a few common patterns of change among those completing Web-based happiness interventions. A noteworthy finding was that many individuals began quite happy and maintained those levels. We failed to identify evidence that the benefit of any particular activity or group of activities was more sustainable than any others. We did find, however, that the distressed portion of participants was more likely to achieve a lasting benefit if they continued to practice, and adhere to, their assigned Web-based happiness intervention. </sec>

Topic: Mental Health Research Topics
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Unravelling data for rapid evidence-based response to COVID-19: the unCoVer project

Abstract The unprecedented health system's response to the COVID-19 pandemic is generating a multitude of data that has enormous potential for informing policy and research at the national and international levels. The unCoVer project is a functional network of 29 partners that was established to bring together European and international expertise to monitor, identify, and facilitate the access and utilization of COVID-19 patient's data, to identify knowledge gaps, underrepresented populations, and proactively seek synergies with complementary clinical databases. unCoVer's members are capable of collecting and utilizing data derived from the response and provision of care to COVID-19 patients by health systems across Europe and internationally. These real world data comprise information from electronic medical records from front line hospitals, national surveillance data, and registries. Thus far, they integrate information from over 300,000 COVID-19 patients, which is anticipated to increase as databases are being continuously updated. These data may inform future burden of disease assessments, by gaining a deeper understanding on the disease model and variations among heterogeneous groups of patients, including COVID-19 manifestations in vulnerable population subgroups, and shedding light into post-COVID conditions that may add to the disability estimations. A federated learning platform integrating the characterization of ethical and data protection components from each dataset will be used for pooled analysis. unCoVer will develop a model for the use of dissimilar data sources capable of streamlining ethical and legal aspects for the correct use of data, complying with local and international regulations, and bringing together expertise on the use of advanced computational, epidemiological and biostatistical methods to handle heterogeneous, and multi-layered information aiming for significant medical and public health impact.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management Considerations and Outcomes of Low-birthweight Infants Who Have Congenital Heart Disease

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Describe the incidence of low birthweight in infants who have congenital heart disease.

2. Describe the mortality rates of infants who have congenital heart disease and are low birthweight.

3. List the most common accompanying condition that can complicate management in infants who have congenital heart disease.

4. Delineate the most common complicating condition in infants who have left-sided obstructive lesions.

5. Review the results of surgical strategies for congenital heart disease.

Many infants who have congenital heart disease (CHD) are born low birthweight (LBW) at 2,500 g or less. The increased incidence of LBW in infants who have CHD has been well documented. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study reported an incidence ranging from 6% to 23%, depending on the heart defect. (1) Infants may be LBW either due to prematurity or being small for gestational age (SGA). In addition, up to 30% of LBW infants who have CHD have associated genetic syndromes or other major congenital anomalies that put them at risk for being LBW or SGA.

LBW has been shown in many studies to be a risk factor for increased mortality in patients undergoing surgery for CHD. This increased risk for mortality is probably multifactorial. Morbidity also probably is increased, but few studies have evaluated this factor with a control population. Patients who are SGA are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality than their term counterparts, even without CHD, probably related to the cause of the growth failure. Among LBW patients who have CHD, there is conflicting evidence of the influence of genetic syndromes or major extracardiac anomalies on mortality, probably related to the aggressiveness of the care. Thus, many factors must be taken into consideration when caring for LBW infants who have CHD in terms of developmentally appropriate medical management, timing of …

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crush resistance and insufflation potential of poly(ethylene oxide)-based abuse deterrent formulations

Testing methods for crush resistance may not be applicable to all products nor allow control over all process factors. Notwithstanding, the use of high-powered electrical devices may be an effective discriminatory tool for testing heat treated PEO-based ADFs.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Affinity Studies and Open Systems: A Non-equilibrium, Ecocritical Reading of Goethe's Faust

Ecocriticism’s contributions to the current rejection of dualistic thinking are noteworthy, particularly when this interdisciplinary field concentrates on hybridity and “relations” that preexist essences. In this mode, ecocriticism participates in a broader development of “affnity studies” that encompass the many efforts across the disciplines toward reconfiguring our “intraactions” with the world in terms that avoid dichotomies and Newtonian linearity and that utilize instead nonlinear, nondualistic forms of “hybridity.” Hybrids, in Steve Hinchliffe’s words, are “more or less durable bodies made up of similarly hybrid and impermanent relations.

Topic: Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simultaneous Administration of TRH and Sulpiride Caused Additive but Not Synergistic PRL Responses in Normal Subjects.

In order to study the mode of action of TRH and sulpiride in man, we administered TRH (500 micrograms, iv) and sulpiride (DA D2 receptor antagonist, 100 mg, im) simultaneously to 6 normal females (20-21 yr). Normal females showed significantly greater PRL increments and AUC in response to the combined administration compared to a single administration of each agent (P < 0.05-0.01), while the increment and AUC in response to the combination did not exceed the sum of those responses to a single administration. In contrast, the combined administration of TRH and sulpiride did not elicit an enhanced response of plasma TSH. These results indicate that the sites of action of TRH and sulpiride might be different from each other, and these agents work additively with no interaction in human lactotrophs.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Isozyme Classification of Myanmar Rice Cultivars Resistant to Bacterial Blight.

The analysis of five isozyme loci ; Pgi-1. Pgi-2. Amp-1, Amp-2, and Amp-3 identified Isozyme types (Isotypes) for the cultivars resistant to bacterial blight (BB) in Myanmar. The results indicated that all the cultivars of Cas 209 group (Xa-10), TKM 6 group (Xa-4), and Mond Ba group (Xa-4 + Xa-10) belonged to Isotype I, whereas the cultivars of Java 14 group (Xa-3) were in Isotype V. The cultivars of DZ 192 group (Xa-5) were classified either into IsotypeI or intermediates. These intermediates were considered as an intermediate of IsotypeI and Isotype II. The morphological observations revealed that IsotypeI of DZ 192 group was different from IsotypeI of Cas 209 group and of TKM 6 group. The algorithm survey of Cas 209 group and TKM 6 group found that the most frequent algorithms used in the two groups were different, and that Amp-14 was specifically predominant in Cas 209 group, whilst TKM 6 group was consisted of Amp-11 only. The distribution of Amp-14 had remarkable concordance with the distribution of Cas 209 group in Asia. The cultivars of TKM 6 group tended to involve wider range of phenotypes and the distribution in Asia is also wide. These results indicated that the origin of Cas 209 group and TKM 6 group might be different.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
StoryWeaver: A Unified World Model for Knowledge-Enhanced Story Character Customization

Story visualization has gained increasing attention in artificial intelligence. However, existing methods still struggle with maintaining a balance between character identity preservation and text-semantics alignment, largely due to a lack of detailed semantic modeling of the story scene. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel knowledge graph, namely Character Graph (\textbf{CG}), which comprehensively represents various story-related knowledge, including the characters, the attributes related to characters, and the relationship between characters. We then introduce StoryWeaver, an image generator that achieve Customization via Character Graph (\textbf{C-CG}), capable of consistent story visualization with rich text semantics. To further improve the multi-character generation performance, we incorporate knowledge-enhanced spatial guidance (\textbf{KE-SG}) into StoryWeaver to precisely inject character semantics into generation. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted using a new benchmark called TBC-Bench. The experiments confirm that our StoryWeaver excels not only in creating vivid visual story plots but also in accurately conveying character identities across various scenarios with considerable storage efficiency, \emph{e.g.}, achieving an average increase of +9.03\% DINO-I and +13.44\% CLIP-T. Furthermore, ablation experiments are conducted to verify the superiority of the proposed module. Codes and datasets are released at https://github.com/Aria-Zhangjl/StoryWeaver.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Signal processing based damage detection in structures subjected to random excitations

Damage detection methodologies based on the direct examination of the nonlinear-nonstationary characteristics of the structure dynamic response may play an important role in online structural health monitoring applications. Different signal processing based damage detection methodologies have been proposed based on the uncovering of spikes in the high frequency component of the structural response obtained via Discrete Wavelet transforms, Hilbert-Huang transforms or high pass filtering. The performance of these approaches in systems subjected to different types of excitation is evaluated in this paper. It is found that in the case of random excitations, like earthquake accelerations, the effectiveness of such methodologies is limited. An alternative damage detection approach using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is also evaluated to overcome this limitation. Using the CWT has the advantage that the central frequencies at which it operates can be defined by the user while the frequency bands of the detail functions obtained via DWT are predetermined by the sampling period of the signal.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF HYALURONIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC ANKLE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Introduction: Symptomatic treatment of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) with corticosteroid injections is well established. Hyaluronic acid is also reported as an effective symptomatic treatment for ankle OA but these two treatments have not been compared directly. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled trial in patients with symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis. Twenty patients per group were required based on a significance level of 0.05, and a drop out rate of 5%. Patients were blindly allocated to the treatment or control group. Injections were carried out by the clinician in the outpatient department. Treatment group received Ostenil 20 mg and control group received Depomedrone 40 mg (both as single injections). The treatment arm was allocated by computer generated block randomization to match treatment allocation with grade of arthritis. The primary outcome measure was the change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score at 6 months. Secondary outcome was the change in AOFAS score at 6 months. Research ethics committee approval was obtained. Results: A total of 42 patients were recruited of which 38 completed the study. Male recruits predominated (79%; 33 recruits). More than 70% had radiographic OA of grade 3 or more. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in VAS at weeks 3, 6, and 3 months over baseline, but the Ostenil group faired better at 6 months follow-up. (difference in VAS scores of 3.5 Ostenil VAS − 4; Steroid VAS − 7.5; Mann Whitney test (p Conclusion: The Ostenil group revealed similar clinical efficacy to steroid group, however the benefits provided by Ostenil lasted longer. Ostenil provided sufficient mid-term pain-relief whilst patient awaits further definitive intervention.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An unexpected clinical presentation in periodontal Ehler-Danlos syndrome: preterm birth, profound intellectual disability and self-injurious behavior

aDepartments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry bPediatric Neurology cMedical Genetics, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey Received 4 March 2022 Accepted 25 September 2022.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Decision Making Model for Social Enterprise Investment

사회적기업의 육성을 위해서는 정부의 직접적인 인건비 지원 방식보다 기업 스스로 자금 시장에서 자금을 조달할 수 있는 시스템을 구축해야 한다는 주장이 지지를 받고 있다. 이러한 시스템이 활성화되기 위해서는 투자가들이 사회적 기업을 평가하고 투자 결정에 활용할 수 있는 의사결정 모델이 있어야할 것이다. 본 연구는 사회적기업에 대한 투자를 결정할 때 의사결정자들이 고려하는 요인으로 사회적 목적에의 부합성, 성장성, 수익성, 안전성, 조직적합성으로 도출한 후 사회적기업 투자 담당자들 13명을 대상으로 각 요인에 부과하는 가중치를 알아보았다. 조사결과 담당자들은 재무적 안정성(25.8%)과 사회적 목적에의 부합성(25.7%)을 거의 동등한 수준에서 가장 중요하게 고려하고 있었다. 그 다음으로는 수익성(17.5%)과 성장성(13.9%)을 중요시 하였으며 조직 적합성은 마지막 순위이었다. 본 연구는 시작 단계인 사회적기업 투자에 대한 요인을 실증적으로 처음 밝혀낸 탐색적 연구로 실무적으로도 투자자, 사회적기업가, 정책입안자들에게 여러 가지 시사점을 제공해 준다. The present study attempts to build a decision making model for social enterprise investment. The proposed model includes four factors; social compatibility, growth, profitability, stability, and organizational suitability. Thirteen social enterprise investors were requested to rate the importance of each of the four factors when they make investment decisions. Financial stability (25.8%) and social compatibility(25.7%) turned out to be most important followed by profitability(17.5%) and growth(17.1%). Organizational suitability(13.9%) was least important. This study uncovered the first empirical factors for social enterprise investment decision making in the early stage of exploratory research. In practice, also provided several implications to social entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences