jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in Neural Network Word Embedding: Exploration of Threshold for Similarity

Word embedding, specially with its recent developments, promises a quantification of the similarity between terms. However, it is not clear to which extent this similarity value can be genuinely meaningful and useful for subsequent tasks. We explore how the similarity score obtained from the models is really indicative of term relatedness. We first observe and quantify the uncertainty factor of the word embedding models regarding to the similarity value. Based on this factor, we introduce a general threshold on various dimensions which effectively filters the highly related terms. Our evaluation on four information retrieval collections supports the effectiveness of our approach as the results of the introduced threshold are significantly better than the baseline while being equal to or statistically indistinguishable from the optimal results.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of an Isotope-Coded Mass Tag (ICMT) Method To\nDetermine the Orientation of Cholesterol Oxidase on Model Membranes

Although\nthe interfacial membrane protein cholesterol oxidase is\nstructurally and kinetically well-characterized, its orientation in\nand mode of interaction with cholesterol-containing membranes have\nnot been established. Cholesterol oxidase can alter the structure\nof the cell membrane in pathogenic bacteria and is thus a potential\nantimicrobial drug target. We recently developed a mass spectrometry-based\nisotope-coded mass tag (ICMT) labeling method to monitor the real-time\nsolvent-accessible surface of peripheral membrane proteins, such as\ncholesterol oxidase. The ICMT strategy utilizes maleimide-based isotope\ntags that covalently react with cysteine residues. In this study,\nby comparing the ICMT labeling rates of cysteine variants of cholesterol\noxidase, we determined which residues of the protein were engaged\nwith the protein–lipid interface. We found that upon addition\nof cholesterol-containing lipid vesicles, four cysteine residues in\na cluster near the substrate entrance channel are labeled more slowly\nwith ICMT probes than in the absence of vesicles, indicating that\nthese four residues were in contact with the membrane surface. From\nthese data, we generated a model of how cholesterol oxidase is oriented\nwhen bound to the membrane. In conclusion, this straightforward method,\nwhich requires only microgram quantities of protein, offers several\nadvantages over existing methods for the investigation of interfacial\nmembrane proteins and can be applied to a number of different systems.

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamical modelling of the regulatory network underlying Retinoic Acid resistance in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia

AbstractMotivation: Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL) results from an aberrant chromosomal translocation involving the Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (RARA) gene, predominantly with the Promyelocytic Leukaemia (PML) or Promyelocytic Leukaemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) gene. These oncoproteins block the normal haematopoietic differentiation program and promote aberrant proliferative promyelocytes. A Retinoic Acid (RA) therapy is successful in most of the PML::RARA pa- tients, while PLZF::RARA patients frequently display treatment resistance and relapse. Recent studies pointed to various underlying molecular components, but their precise contributions remain to be established.Results: We developed a logical network model integrating signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, which captures the key features of the APL cell responses to RA treatment depending on the genetic background. The explicit inclusion of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 allowed us to assess its role in the maintenance of the resistant phenotype, distinguishing between its canonical and non-canonical activities. The model dynamics were thoroughly analysed using a combination of tools integrated in the public software suite maintained by the CoLoMoTo consortium (https://colomoto.github.io/). All the code and results are documented in a Jupyter notebook, greatly easing the reproduction and further extensions of our analyses. Ultimately, the model serves as a solid basis to assess the roles of novel regulatory mechanisms, as well as to explore novel therapeutical approaches in silico.Availability: The model and the electronic Jupyter notebook enabling the production of all reported results can be downloaded from http://ginsim.org/node/256.Contact: elisabeth.remy@univ-amu.fr, denis.thieffry@ens.fr

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Discrimination in interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine what questions the potential employer may and may not ask in an interview. Design/methodology/approach Contrasts the behavior of Sir Alan Sugar, on the television program The Apprentice , with how interviewers should behave in more “normal” circumstances. Highlights the value of training to help to ensure that this happens. Findings Reveals that online training can help to keep employees up to date with the latest changes in the law. People can access just‐in‐time learning in their own way, and concentrate on the topics of most interest or value to them. They can find out answers discreetly, without losing face in front of their peers in a classroom. Practical implications Underlines that legal provisions often reinforce what organizations should be doing anyway, in the interests of good HR practice. Originality/value Provides clarity on an often‐misunderstood area of the law.

Topic: Business Law and Ethics
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Synovial Fluid Ghrelin Levels in Patients With or Without Cartilage Injury Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract Objectives The aim of our study was to measure synovial fluid levels of ghrelin in patients with ACL injury to evaluate its potential function as a diagnostic biomarker for cartilage injury. Methods Patients were prospectively recruited in this study, compromising a cohort of subjects that had synovial fluid samples collected. Patients’ synovial fluid sampling was collected to evaluate ghrelin level. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects to test inflammation markers IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13 and also serum ghrelin level. Correlation between synovial fluid ghrelin level and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using spearman’s correlation analysis. The best cut-off of synovial fluid ghrelin level was defined using Medcalc. Results Patients in the ACL reconstruction with cartilage damage had lowest synovial fluid ghrelin level (ACL reconstruction with cartilage damage group: 264.6±65 pg/ml, ACL reconstruction without cartilage damage group: 466.8±92.6 pg/ml, healthy controls: 471.5±89.3 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001). Synovial fluid ghrelin level was negatively associated with IL-6 (r=-0.700, P &lt; 0.001), MMP-3 (r=-0.702, P &lt; 0.001) and MANKIN score (r=-0.768, P &lt; 0.001). Patients with synovial fluid ghrelin level ≤ 333 pg/ml had higher chance of cartilage injury with specificity of 91.7% and sensitivity of 87.5%. Discussion In conclusion, synovial fluid ghrelin was a useful biomarker to predict cartilage injury for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Synovial fluid ghrelin was negatively correlated with IL-6, MMP-3 and MANKIN score. Synovial fluid ghrelin ≤ 333 pg/ml was a useful biomarker for cartilage damage in patients with ACL injury.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
War Poetry: Impacts on British Understanding of World War One

The military and technological innovations deployed during World War I ushered in a new phase of modern warfare. Newly developed technologies and weapons created an environment which no one had seen before, and as a result, an entire generation of soldiers and their families had to learn to cope with new conditions of shell shock. For many of those affected, poetry offered an outlet to express their thoughts, feelings and experiences. For Great Britain, the work of Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen and Robert Graves have been highly recognized, both at the time and in the present. Newspaper articles and reviews published by prominent companies of the time make it clear that each of these poets, who expressed strong opinions and feelings toward the war, deeply influenced public opinion. At the start of the war, Rupert Brooke’s poetry, and those like him, pushed the public to favor Britain’s involvement in the war because of their favorable and patriotic attitude towards it. Such patriotism sparked images of the way a soldier should behave and look and inserted the idea that the fate of the nation is everything. As the war progressed though, the poets began to express a darker twist on the country’s involvement. This dissenting opinion from poets like Sassoon, Owen and Graves incited irritation and anger from the British public because of their descriptive and shocking contents. Furthermore, their poetry created a new memory of the war which encapsulated its darkest, most painful realities. The influences of Sassoon, Owen, and Graves lasted much longer than did that of poets like Brooke and have shaped the memory of World War I in British history.

Topic: World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biophysics of protein misfolding

Hope your road is a long one.May there be many summer mornings when,with what pleasure, what joy,you enter harbors you're seeing for the first time;may you stop at Phoenician trading stationsto buy fine things,mother of pearl and coral, amber and ebony,sensual perfume of every kind-as many sensual perfumes as you can;and may you visit many Egyptian citiesto learn and go on learning from their scholars.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fog Computing Architecture, Applications and Security Issues: A Survey

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has triggered a virtual wave of interconnection and intercommunication among an enormous number of universal things. This has caused an exceptional surge of colossal heterogeneous information, known as an information explosion. Until now, cloud computing has filled in as a proficient method to process and store these data. Still, it came to light that by utilizing just cloud computing, pesky issues like, the expanding requests of actual-time or speed-sensitive applications and the restrictions on system transfer speed could not be solved. Consequently, another computing platform, called fog computing has been advanced as a supplement to the cloud arrangement. Fog computing spreads the cloud administrations and services to the edge of the system, and brings processing, communications and reserving and storage capacity closer to edge gadgets and end-clients and, in the process, aims at enhancing versatility, low latency, transfer speed and safety and protection. This paper takes an extensive and wide-ranging view of fog computing, covering several aspects. At the outset is outlined the many-layered structural design of fog computing and its attributes. After that, chief advances like communication and inter-exchange, computing, reserving and storage, asset administration, naming, safety and safeguarding of privacy are delineated while showing how this backup and facilitate the installations and various applications. Then, numerous applications like augmented reality (AR), healthcare, gaming and brain-machine interface, vehicular computing, smart scenarios etc. are highlighted to explain the fog computing application milieu. Following that, it is shown that how, despite fog computing being a features-rich platform, it is dogged by its susceptibility to several security, privacy and safety concerns, which stem from the nature of its widely distributed and open architecture. Finally, some suggestions are advanced to address some of the safety challenges discussed so as to propel the further growth of fog computing.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Taking a stance on the role of nuclear energy to combat the climate crisis: how communication task and expert’s personal stance impact individuals' intellectual humility and strategies for dealing with a complex topic

Objective We investigated how individuals deal with the limits of their own knowledge and productively cope with their dependence on experts as they engage with the socio-scientific topic of nuclear energy. We scrutinized the effects of content features of an interview text and of individuals' communicative engagement with the information read.Method In a 2 × 2 factorial design study (N = 273), adult participants opposing nuclear energy read an online interview with a geophysicist. The same factual information was presented, but the geophysicist either took a stance for decommissioning nuclear energy plants or took no stance. After reading, participants were instructed to communicate their own position in an informative or persuasive manner. Dependent measures evaluated participants' intellectual humility, strategies, perceived easiness of a simple solution, willingness to act and written arguments.Results Expert taking a stance led to lower intellectual humility, higher perceived easiness of a solution and stronger willingness to act against nuclear energy. Having the goal of persuading resulted in participants offering more one-sided arguments. Strategies were not significantly influenced by the independent factors.Conclusions The contrasting effect on individuals' intellectual humility and willingness to act is discussed from the perspective of climate-oriented action and science education.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design of double-sampling 61 modulation A/D converters with bilinear integrators

Abstract—Double-sampling techniques allow to double the sampling frequency of a switched capacitor 61 analog-to-digital convertors without increasing the clock frequency. Unfortunately, path mismatch between the double sampling branches may cause noise folding, which could ruin the modulator’s performance. The fully floating double-sampling integrator is an interesting building block to be used in such a double sampling 61 modulator because its operation is tolerant to path mismatch. However, this circuit exhibits an undesired bilinear filter effect. This effectively increases the order of the modulator by one. Due to this, previously presented structures don’t have enough freedom to fully control the modulator pole positions. In this paper, we introduce modified topologies for double-sampling 61 modulators built with bilinear integrators. We show that these architectures provide full control of the modulator pole positions and hence can be used to implement any noise transfer function. Additionally, analytical expressions are obtained for the residual folded noise. Index Terms—Analog-to-digital convertors, double sampling, 61 modulation. I.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance improvement of the stochastic-resonance-based tri-stable energy harvester under random rotational vibration

In this paper, the stochastic-resonance-based tri-stable energy harvester (TEH) is proposed to enhance harvesting performance under random rotational vibration. An electromechanical coupled system interfaced with a standard rectifier circuit driven by colored noise is considered. The stationary probability density function (SPDF) of the harvester is obtained by the improved stochastic averaging. Then, with the adiabatic approximation theory, the analytical expression of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the TEH is deduced to characterize stochastic resonance (SR). To enhance direct current (DC) power delivery from a rotational TEH, the influences of system parameters on SR is discussed. The obtained results suggest that there are damping-induced resonance and noise-intensity-induced SR in the tri-stable system. The TEH has higher harvesting performance under the optimal SR. That is, the optimal parameter combinations can induce optimal SR and maximize harvesting performance. Thus, the stochastic-resonance-based TEH can be optimized to enhance energy harvesting through choosing the optimal parameter.

Topic: Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using Simulation to Explore Trust Lifecycle Issues

Simulation is a vital tool in research methods for investigating lifecycle issues in critical application areas, such as scenarios involving trust. Our trust model is premised on the belief that the ability to form and evolve explicit values for trust in other principals in an interaction allows autonomous computational entities to make better decisions in situations where only partial information is available. In our model we view the trust lifecycle as a three stage process: trust formation, trust evolution and trust exploitation. Our framework is based on model and will allow us to run a series of experiments, which simulate principals collaborating over time for a number of applications. For its design we investigated three trust-based application scenarios namely: agent-based file sharing, dynamic routing in ad hoc networks and agent-based meeting organiser. These applications capture a variety of trust relationships. In this paper, we start with a presentation of our initial motivation. We continue with an examination of the characteristics of our trust lifecycle model and an overview of our application scenarios. We examine in more detail the agent-based file sharing application scenario and conclude with a discussion of our experiences and remaining open issues

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of disposable masks against Staphylococcus aureus in the chicken slaughter industry

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of using disposable masks in mitigating the spread of Staphylococcus aureus during the chicken cutting process in a large poultry abattoir. The identification of carriers of S. aureus and the influence of the time of use of disposable masks was carried out. Contamination of utensils and equipment by S. aureus and products by mesophilic aerobes was determined, with and without the use of masks. The efficiency of different commercial masks was evaluated against S. aureus under simulated conditions. The results revealed that 36% of workers on processing lines at the abattoirs carried S. aureus. An increase in S. aureus counts was observed in masks worn by employees for up to 3 h. The transfer of microbial load to utensils was enhanced in the absence of the mask and over time. The breast fillets evaluated showed no difference in the count of mesophilic bacteria with and without the use of masks by employees, conversely, the cuts of thigh and drumstick, thigh fillet and drumstick and wings showed a significant difference with average counts lower than 2 .96 Log CFU/g. Tests under simulated conditions demonstrated the effectiveness of commercial masks in retaining microorganisms. The test mask used by the abattoirs proved to be inefficient, allowing the passage of sprays containing S. aureus, at 6, 15 and 25 cm, with 2.53, 1.74 and 0.66 Log CFU/plate, respectively. This mask saturated, creating a barrier effect that increased contamination in the employees’ work area.

Topic: Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Examining the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and the Right to Marry: Obergefell v. Hodge and Equal Protection

The legal and political climate surrounding sexual orientation and the right to marry is riddled with conflict and questions. Various states currently do not allow nor recognize marriage between same-sex couples. Hence, these couples are denied the legal privileges under the law that are guaranteed to married couples of the opposite sex. In order to address this legal conflict, the United States Supreme Court has agreed to hear arguments on two separate questions regarding equal protection and the right of marriage: 1) are states that have same-sex marriage bans required to recognize legal marriage licenses from other states; and 2) is marriage a fundamental right that should be extended to same-sex couples? This presentation will discuss the previous case law surrounding same-sex marriage, explain the legal issues at hand, discuss the implications of the courts decisions, and make a prediction of how the court will rule.

Topic: Law, Rights, and Freedoms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mobile Information Centre for Location Prediction and Effective Handoff

Processing handoff is a significant issue in wireless communication system. When a mobile node (MN) moves from its current Access Point (AP) to another, a new connection with a new Access Point has to be established and the old connection has to be released. The handoff decision is done by Access Point, by measuring the signal Quality. In this paper, selection of a new Access Point and the prediction of the location of Mobile Node based on distance is presented.

Topic: IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Nifurpirinol against Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Protozoa in Hobby Fishes: Part 2

Bathing effect of nifurpirinol on Ichthyophthiriasis in goldfish, pangasius, kissing gourami, blue gourami, clown loach, black molly and guppy was investigated.By short time bathing(510 minutes)nifurpirinol was effective at 12ppm.By the bathing for seven consecutive days the drug was also effective at concentrations of 0.050.2ppm.White spots in the treated fish disappeared on 7 days after treatment.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The differentially expressed flowering-related genes in &lt;i&gt;GsWRKY20&lt;/i&gt;ox plants revealed by microarray.

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;) The differentially expressed flowering-related genes in &lt;i&gt;GsWRKY20&lt;/i&gt;ox plants. Genes which were up or down-regulated (&gt;2-fold) in the &lt;i&gt;GsWRKY20&lt;/i&gt;ox plants compared with the WT are listed. The &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values were corrected for multiple testing using FDR methodology. The group of genes was classified based on their biochemical functions. AGI, Arabidopsis Genome Initiative number; FC, fold changes.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;) Expression validation of the differentially expressed flowering-related genes. Total RNAs were extracted from three-week-old whole plants grown on 0.5 × MS-agar. Transcript levels relative to &lt;i&gt;ACTIN2&lt;/i&gt; are presented for each treatment. Each value is the mean ±SE of three independent measurements. Significant differences from WT are denoted by one, or two stars corresponding to &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01, respectively by Student’s t test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences