jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Cleanup Programs and Redevelopment Potential: Lessons From Baltimore,

In the United States, policy has increasingly shifted toward economic incentives and liability attenuation for promoting cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated sites, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies. These policies include, among others, state Voluntary Cleanup Programs (VCPs), which were established in the United States in the 1990s and, to date, have been implemented in nearly every state. This article focuses on 116 Baltimore properties that were enrolled and participated in the Maryland VCPfrom its inception in 1997 to the end of 2006 and examines what type of properties tend to participate in these programs, how these properties compare with other eligible but nonparticipating sites, and what the redevelopment potential of VCP properties and implications is toward open-space conversion. We find that most applicants (66 percent) actually requested a No Further Require ments Determination directly, rather than proposing cleanup. Nevertheless, the VCP led to the identification and environmental assessment of 1,175 acres of contaminated land in the city of Baltimore alone. In Baltimore, VCP properties tend to be industrial, located in areas zoned as industrial, and away from residential neighborhoods. In more recent years, larger properties have increasingly enrolled in the program. Most participating sites are reused as industrial or commercial properties. In contrast with Alberini (2007), these findings suggest that, in Baltimore, pressure for residential development has not driven VCP participation to date. Based on differences in zoning requirements, the VCP may reduce demand for potentially contaminating activities on pristine land by as much as 1,238 to 6,444 acres, in Baltimore alone.

Topic: Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
optimal climatic conditions? A test using Iberian water beetles

Aim To assess the effectiveness of protected area networks in representing the climatic niche of Iberian water beetle species. Location Iberian Peninsula. Methods We used distribution data from 133 endemic water beetle species in the Iberian Peninsula. Climatic potential distributions were estimated by applying a multidimensional-envelope procedure based on climatic data (both current and future) and observed occurrences. Mahalanobis distances were calculated to obtain continuous climatic suitability values within the climatic potential distribution. Two protected area networks were assessed: National Parks (NPs) and Natura 2000 (N2000). The average climatic suitability value for the cells overlapping with protected areas was calculated and compared with the average value of 10,000 random samples from the same number of cells within their entire potential distribution, which allowed to identify species whose climatic niches were optimally or marginally represented. Results Fifty-seven and 104 of the 107 considered taxa were represented with at least one occurrence in NPs and N2000, respectively, and the climatic potential distributions of 93 and all 107 taxa overlapped with NPs and N2000. While the climatic niches of 48 and 38 taxa were marginally represented in NPs and N2000, the climatic niches of only 11 and 29 were optimally represented by these two protected area networks. When predicted future climatic conditions were considered, both the climatic suitability values and the number of species whose potential distribution was represented by protected areas decreased. Main conclusions Although the representation of endemic Iberian taxa could be considered adequate, these results show that for most of them the protected networks tend to include areas with climatic conditions close to the species tolerance limit, and the expected climate change only worsened this scenario. Thus, current protected areas cannot be considered to guarantee the long-term survival of the species considered in this study.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improved overwrite performance of dual magnetic layer tape coatings

Dual coated tapes consisting of an active layer containing fine metal powder covering a non-magnetic dummy layer have been widely promoted as perhaps the ultimate flexible recording medium. However, this is not the only interesting possibility opened up by modern double-coating technology. For digital recording, overwrite is an important characteristic. We have found the combination of a high coercivity upper layer of MP with a lower coercivity underlayer to deliver superior overwrite performance. Moreover, it is found that good overwrite ratios can be achieved even when the MP layer is comparatively thick. The combination of thicker upper layer and magnetic underlayer provides higher output in the long wavelength region.

Topic: Copper Interconnects and Reliability
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Evaluation of Vaginoscopic vs Traditional Hysteroscopy

Aim: A randomized case-control study was performed to compare the traditional using a speculum vs vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in terms of pain score and procedure time.Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients aged 20 to 60 years old, including nulliparous, multiparous, and postmenopausal, were randomized in two groups: group A undergoing traditional hysteroscopy with speculum and vulselum (50 patients) and group B undergoing "no-touch" vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.Results: Vaginoscopy was significantly more successful than the traditional hysteroscopy.The total pain was calculated for each group, it was significantly lower in the vaginoscopic technique (p = 0.026).The mean time was 5.71 for traditional hysteroscopy and 4.44 for vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.The time taken to perform hysteroscopy was significantly shorter with vaginoscopic hysteroscopy.There was no difference in failure rates. Conclusion:The vaginoscopic approach is better tolerated, quicker to perform, less painful, and therefore, more successful than the traditional hysteroscopy using the speculum.It should be preferred in an outpatient setting.

Topic: Gynecological conditions and treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
State Dependence and Long Term Site Capital in a Random Utility Model of Recreation Demand

Conventional discrete choice Random Utility Maximization (RUM) models of recreation demand ignore the influence of knowledge, or site capital, gained over past trips on current site choice, despite its obvious impact. We develop a partially dynamic RUM model that incorporates a measure of site capital as an explanatory variable in an effort to address this shortcoming. To avoid the endogeneity of past and current trip choices, we estimate an auxiliary instrumental variable regression to purge site capital of its correlation with the error terms in current site utility. Our instrumental variable regression gives a fitted value ranging between 0 and 1 for each alternative for each person – a prediction of whether or not a person visited a site. Results suggest that the presence of accumulated site capital is an important predictor of current trips, and that failure to account for site capital will likely lead to underestimates of potential welfare effects.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The intervention effect of local alcohol licensing policies on hospital admission and crime: a natural experiment using a novel Bayesian synthetictime-series method

Background Control of alcohol licensing at local government level is a key component of alcohol policy in England. There is, however, only weak evidence of any public health improvement. We used a novel natural experiment design to estimate the impact of new local alcohol licensing policies on hospital admissions and crime. Methods We used Home Office licensing data (2007–2012) to identify (1) interventions: local areas where both a cumulative impact zone and increased licensing enforcement were introduced in 2011; and (2) controls: local areas with neither. Outcomes were 2009–2015 alcohol-related hospital admissions, violent and sexual crimes, and antisocial behaviour. Bayesian structural time series were used to create postintervention synthetic time series (counterfactuals) based on weighted time series in control areas. Intervention effects were calculated from differences between measured and expected trends. Validation analyses were conducted using randomly selected controls. Results 5 intervention and 86 control areas were identified. Intervention was associated with an average reduction in alcohol-related hospital admissions of 6.3% (95% credible intervals (CI) −12.8% to 0.2%) and to lesser extent with a reduced in violent crimes, especially up to 2013 (–4.6%, 95% CI −10.7% to 1.4%). There was weak evidence of an effect on sexual crimes up 2013 (–8.4%, 95% CI −21.4% to 4.6%) and insufficient evidence of an effect on antisocial behaviour as a result of a change in reporting. Conclusion Moderate reductions in alcohol-related hospital admissions and violent and sexual crimes were associated with introduction of local alcohol licensing policies. This novel methodology holds promise for use in other natural experiments in public health.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Agropyrenol, a Phytotoxic Fungal Metabolite, and Its Derivatives: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study

Agropyrenol is a phytotoxic substituted salicylic aldehyde produced in liquid culture by Ascochyta agropyrina var. nana , a potential mycoherbicide proposed for the control of the perennial weed Elytrigia repens. In this study, six derivatives obtained by chemical modifications of the toxin were assayed for phytotoxic, antimicrobial, and zootoxic activities, and the structure-activity relationships were examined. Each compound was tested on non-host weedy and agrarian plants, fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and brine shrimp larvae. The results provide insights into the structure-activity relationships of agropyrenol. Both the double bond and the diol system of the 3,4-dihydroxypentenyl side chain as well as the aldehyde group at C-1 of the phenolic ring of agropyrenol proved to be important for the phytotoxicity. The lesser polar 3',4'-O,O'-isopropylidene of agropyrenol also showed significant zootoxic and slight antimicrobial activities. This finding could be useful in devising new natural herbicides for practical application in agriculture.

Topic: Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predictors of Impaired Glucose Regulation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction . Many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have impaired glucose regulation or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated characteristics of NAFLD patients associated with hyperglycemia. Methods . During a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum glucose and insulin were measured in 152 NAFLD patients. Results . 48.7% of NAFLD patients had hyperglycemia. Age (odds ratio<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.08</mml:mn></mml:math>, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.13), body mass index (BMI) (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.12</mml:mn></mml:math>, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.95</mml:mn></mml:math>, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) proved to be independent predictors of hyperglycemia. After OGTT, 30 min insulin was lower in hyperglycemic patients (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>74.2</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>49.7</mml:mn></mml:math>versus<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>94.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>53.9</mml:mn></mml:math> μIU/mL,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02</mml:mn></mml:math>), while 90 min insulin (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>170.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>84.6</mml:mn></mml:math>versus<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>122.9</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>97.7</mml:mn></mml:math> μU/mL,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>) and 120 min insulin (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>164.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>101.2</mml:mn></mml:math>versus<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>85.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>61.9</mml:mn></mml:math> μIU/mL,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>) were higher. Conclusions . NAFLD patients with higher BMI, lower HDL-C, or older age were more likely to have impaired glucose metabolism. An OGTT could be of value for early diagnosis of DM among this population.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustainable Growth and Value Chain Optimization in Assam’s Tea Gardens: A Study on Tea Gardens of Assam a Agrital India Approach

Assam is among the leading worldwide tea growers, the tea sector is vital to India's economy. Still, challenges including supply chain inefficiencies, environmental problems, and market volatility call for a careful evaluation of the tea value chain. With an eye on sustainable methods, especially Agrital India's approach, this paper aims to assess Assam's tea gardens using a value chain analysis framework. While noting main players and their individual roles, the study looks at the many aspects of the tea value chain—including manufacturing, processing, distribution, and marketing. Examining Agrital India's attempts for operational optimization helps one to highlight present shortcomings in productivity, labor management, and environmental criteria. To evaluate their impact on environmental and financial sustainability, research on sustainable practices including organic farming, fair trade certification, waste management, and responsible sourcing is done. It looks at how Agrital India guarantees ongoing profitability and ecological balance by including sustainability into their value chain. The results clarify best practices that would guarantee fair trade and ethical business models while also improving efficiency and sustainability in Assam's tea industry. The study ends with recommendations or ideas for the legislators, business players, and tea garden owners to enhance the whole value chain. This covers the application of sustainable agriculture methods, strengthening of supply chain openness, and use of technology to raise market access. By offering a model that may be followed across India's tea industry to increase resilience and global competitiveness, this study improves the conversation on sustainable agriculture and supply chain management.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Italy: descriptive statistics and trends of the main variables &lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Values are per-hospital per-year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; T-test for mean differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acute Myocardial Infarction in Italy: descriptive statistics and trends of the main variables &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142810#t001fn001" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Immunity in Grades III-IV Knee Osteoarthritis.

According to the findings of the current study; It is observed that the oxidant balance of individuals with osteoarthritis is disrupted in favor of free radicals, and as a result, cellular immunity decreases due to inflammation and the disease process. It is observed that these parameters change in direct proportion to the staging of the disease, especially in patients with stage III-IV knee osteoarthritis.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The availability of inorganic sulphate in blood for sulphate conjugation of drugs in rat liver <i>in vivo</i>. (35S)Sulphate incorporation into harmol sulphate

1. When Na235SO4 is injected intravenously in rats, it is immediately available for sulphate conjugation of the phenolic drug harmol (7-hydroxyl-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) in the liver. This was established by following the time course of the biliary excretion of the sulphate conjugate of harmol, and the incorporation of [35S]sulphate into harmol sulphate. 2. During the 10min immediately after injection of Na235SO4 re-distribution of [35S]sulphate took place, which resulted in a rapid initial decrease in the plasma concentration of [35S]sulphate; a concomitant decrease in the amount of [35S]sulphate incorporated into harmol sulphate was observed, indicating that the co-substrate of sulphation, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate, equilibrates rapidly with [35S]sulphate in plasma. 3. The results suggest that the pool size of adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate is very small; therefore the specific radioactivity of [35S]sulphate in plasma determines the specific radioactivity incorporated into sulphate esters at any time.

Topic: Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Use of Class C Fly Ashes for the Stabilizationof an Expansive Soil

Excessive heave associated with swelling of expansive soils can cause considerable distress to lightweight civil engineering structures. Several methods have been suggested to control this problem. The most commonly used method is addition of stabilizing agents, such as lime or cement to the expansive soil. In this study, high-calcium and low-calcium class C fly ashes from the Soma and Tuncbilek thermal power plants, respectively, in Turkey, were used for stabilization of an expansive soil. An evaluation of the expansive soil-lime, expansive soil-cement, and expansive soil-fly ash systems is presented. Lime and cement were added to the expansive soil at 0–8% to establish baseline values. Soma fly ash and Tuncbilek fly ash were added to the expansive soil at 0–25%. Test specimens were subjected to chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits, and free swell tests. Specimens with fly ash were cured for 7 days and 28 days, after which they were subjected to oedometer free swell tests. Based on the favorable results obtained, it can be concluded that the expansive soil can be successfully stabilized by fly ashes.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: feto-maternal complications at the Townsville Hospital

Background/Aims: Untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of feto-maternal complications including premature birth, low birth weight, gestational hypertension and miscarriage (1,2). However, there is insufficient data on pregnancy outcome in adequately treated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess feto-maternal complications in hypothyroid pregnant women at the Townsville Hospital.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethod: We collected data by the retrospective chart audit of all the hypothyroid patients who attended the high-risk pregnancy clinic at the Townsville Hospital from 1st January to 31st December 2013. Only patients who were adequately treated with thyroxine and maintained TSH target of &lt; 2.5 mIU/L with regular follow up in the clinic were included in the study.&#13;\n&#13;\nResults: In all 73 hypothyroid patients were reviewed. 52 were previously diagnosed while 21 were diagnosed to have hypothyroidism during the pregnancy period. Mean age in both groups were similar . Interestingly higher feto-maternal complications were observed in newly diagnosed hypothyroid subjects compared with previously diagnosed hypothyroid patients 25 out of 52- 48%and 14 out of 21- 66.7% respectively X2 = 7.13; p = 0.008. These complications occurred in spite of the adequate thyroxine replacement.&#13;\n&#13;\nConclusion: We report higher adverse pregnancy outcome in adequately treated newly diagnosed hypothyroid mothers. Our finding suggests early pre-pregnancy screening for hypothyroidism may lead to reduction in feto-maternal complications in the high risk subjects. Further prospective studies on a larger population are needed to verify our findings.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acute myocardial infarction during streptokinase therapy

Abstract A 45‐year‐old man developed sequential inferolateral and anterior myocardial infarctions within 10 hours of a possible allergic reaction to oral penicillin. The anterior myocardial infarction occurred during apparently successful streptokinase therapy for the initial inferolateral infarction. Subsequent coronary arteriography confirmed a subtotal stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery and a complete thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. This case documents the occurrence of three rare clinical phenomena; first, the occurrence of sequential acute myocardial infarctions in close temporal proximity; second, the occurrence of myocardial infarction during thrombolytic therapy; and third, the association of myocardial infarction with a possible allergic reaction.

Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences