jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Data from Neuronal Activity Promotes Glioma Progression by Inducing Proneural-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioma Stem Cells

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. Original western blots 3&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Approaches to mapping the temporal events in the cell cycle using conditional lethal mutants

We study an asymmetric cyclic polling system with Poisson arrivals, general service-time and switch-over time distributions, and so-called two-phase gated service at each queue, an interleaving scheme that aims to enforce some level of "fairness" among the different customer classes. For this model, we use the classical theory of multitype branching processes to derive closed-form expressions for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the waiting-time distributions when the load tends to 1, in a general parameter setting and under proper heavy-traffic scalings. This result is strikingly simple and provides new insights in the behavior of two-phase polling systems. In particular, the result provides insight in the waiting-time performance and the trade-off between efficiency and fairness of two-phase gated polling compared to the classical one-phase gated service policy.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
TD: Mechanism of interaction of Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) with actin filaments

We characterized the interaction of Acanthamoeba actophorin, a member of ADF/cofilin family, with filaments of amoeba and rabbit skeletal muscle actin. The affinity is about 10 times higher for muscle actin filaments (K d � 0.5 �M) than amoeba actin filaments (K d � 5 �M) even though the affinity for muscle and amoeba Mg-ADP-actin monomers (K d � 0.1 �M) is the same (Blanchoin,

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cortical responses to moderate- and high-speed gratings extending 60° in the peripheral visual field

We investigated the BOLD response to motion presented to large visual fields. We stimulated the visual cortex using moderate (0.26 c/deg, contrast 50%, 38 deg/sec) and high speed (0.018 c/deg, contrast 50%, 571 deg/sec) drifting gratings, projected to a large field of view (~60°). These stimuli had the same contrast envelope (50%) and temporal frequency (10 Hz), and very similar contrast sensitivity (~500) at all eccentricities. Stimuli differed only in spatial frequency, and hence speed (by a factor of 14). We measured BOLD responses to these stimuli in various subcortical and cortical visual areas with a GE 3T scanner (Excite HDx, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI), using a block design. Stimuli were presented with a novel optical setup capable of projecting wide-field images at 120 Hz. Retinotopic maps for ten healthy volunteers were constructed using (i) horizontal and vertical meridian stimulation, (ii) upper, lower, left and right stimulation of the four visual quadrants and (iii) checkerboard stimuli to map eccentricity. Stimuli were viewed monocularly (right eye). Despite the 14-fold difference in spatial frequency and speed, causing very different stimulation of magno and parvo cells, responses in both the lateral geniculate nuclei and the superior colliculi were similar to the two stimuli. In several cortical areas, including V1 (except the far periphery), V3, V3ab, LOC, hMT+, V6 and V7, the BOLD response was the same to both stimulus speeds. However, there was a distinct preference to moderate-speed gratings in areas of the ventral stream, V2 and V4. And in the extreme periphery of V1, and possibly an adjacent area not previously mapped (that could correspond to the monkey prostriata), there was a clear preference for fast-moving gratings. This points to different selectivity for speed in the dorsal and ventral streams, after primary visual cortex. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Physical activity and loneliness among adults aged 50 years or older in six low‐ and middle‐income countries

Introduction Loneliness is widespread and associated with deleterious outcomes in middle‐aged and older age people in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Physical activity is one potential psychosocial strategy with the potential to reduce loneliness in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity (PA) and loneliness in middle‐aged and older people from six LMICs. Materials and methods Data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. Self‐reported data on loneliness and PA (as assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) were collected. Participants were dichotomized into those who do and do not meet the international recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week. Associations between loneliness and PA were examined using logistic regressions. Results Among 34 129 individuals aged 50 years or older, the prevalence of loneliness was higher among those not meeting the PA guidelines in all countries, although this difference was not significant in Mexico and South Africa. After full adjustment, not meeting PA guidelines was positively associated with loneliness in the meta‐analysis based on country‐wise estimates, with a moderate level of between‐country heterogeneity being observed (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.61; I 2 = 48.7%). At an individual country level, statistical significance was only reached in Ghana (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.44‐2.49). Discussion Our data suggest that physical inactivity and loneliness commonly co‐occur in adults aged 50 years or older in LMICs overall but that this association differs by country. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate potential mechanisms that may inform future interventions.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Prospective, Double Blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial Evaluating Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) for the Prevention of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in HIV Infected Individuals

Background: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are currently an essential part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. However, the use of some dideoxynucleotide analogues may be limited by mitochondrial toxicity leading to distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) has been investigated for the treatment of existing DSP but the potential for ALCAR to prevent DSP is unknown. Methods: In this double blind, placebo controlled trial 43 HIV infected, antiretroviral naïve individuals were randomised to receive either ALCAR or placebo in addition to stavudine (as stavudine-XR, a sustained release formulation), tenofovir and efavirenz for 48 weeks. Development of DSP was assessed clinically and histologically by Protein Gene Product (PGP) staining of the epidermis. Quality of life (QOL) was measured during the study with the MOS-HIV Health Survey and the QUROQOL Score questionnaires. Results: Twenty one subjects in each treatment arm were followed through 48 weeks. Discontinuation rates for stavudine and ALCAR versus placebo were similar in both groups. No differences were found for histological examination or clinical assessment of DSP; whilst the safety profile of ALCAR was comparable to placebo. Conclusions: At 48 weeks the prophylactic administration of ALCAR with HAART to prevent DSP was no different than placebo, with a similar safety profile. © 2010 Mentzer A, et al.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A multichannel information-processing system is simpler and more easily tested

The dance metaphor for the communication between two organisms may be an appealing image because it appears to capture the intricate synchronization of their interaction; however, it is neither parsimonious nor easily tested. Instead, a multichannel information-processing model, even one that can process only serial events, provides all of the flexibility required to account for the complex temporal coordinated action observed.

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-determination constructs as predictors of higher education aspirations and expectations: a cross sectional study of secondary school children

<em>Abstract</em>—Key concepts in self-determination theory, such as motivation regulation and goal contents, have a well-established research base in an educational context. A higher degree of autonomy in motivation regulation, and pursuit of intrinsic goals such as personal development, appear to be associated with a range of positive educational outcomes such as persistence in education and enjoyment of academic work, though much research in this area is classroom based. This study aimed to examine if such associations are apparent in attitude and behavioural intentions towards post- school level education. A cross-sectional survey (n=687) of UK secondary school children assessed students’ academic self-regulation, goal contents, and aspirations towards and expectations of university attendance. Preliminary results indicate associations between a more autonomous motivation regulation and greater intrinsic goal setting with aspirations and expectations of higher education. Structural equation mediation modelling indicated a small but significant indirect effect in the model. This study forms part of a project to investigate if motivation regulation and goal contents might be useful targets for university widening participation programs. University attendance in the UK is above 50%, but a socio-economic divide remains despite attendance increases among lower socio-economic groups. Focused targeting of motivation regulation and goal setting behaviours within these interventions may be helpful in addressing this persistent gap.

Topic: Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Circadian variation of sudden cardiac death reflects age-related variability in ventricular fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Previous studies report a morning peak in the occurrence of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death but lack detailed information on underlying arrhythmias. We used the documentation system of the semiautomated defibrillators used by emergency medical technicians to investigate the circadian pattern of defined arrhythmias and the influence of demographic patient characteristics on this pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS From December 1988 to December 1990, 703 consecutive patients (63% men; age, 67 +/- 17 years) with sudden cardiac death were registered in the Klinikum Steglitz area of the Berlin emergency care system. Determination of time of day of the event was based on the arrival time of the rescue squad. A marked circadian variation (P &lt; .0001) in the occurrence of sudden cardiac death was observed with a primary morning peak (6 AM to noon) and a secondary afternoon peak (3 to 7 PM). The subgroup of 294 patients with ventricular fibrillation as initially documented arrhythmia showed a similar circadian variation (P &lt; .0001). In significant contrast (P &lt; .01), patients with asystole (n = 260) or pulseless bradyarrhythmias (n = 149) were more evenly distributed during the daytime with a primary night trough. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the circadian pattern of ventricular fibrillation was similar in both gender groups but tended to differ with regard to age: patients older than 65 years demonstrated a monophasic distribution, whereas patients aged 65 years or less had a biphasic distribution with peaks in the morning and in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS The circadian pattern of sudden cardiac death reflects primarily a circadian variation in onset of ventricular fibrillation. The different circadian patterns of ventricular fibrillation, pulseless bradyarrhythmias, and asystole suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms of causation of death. The age dependence of the pattern of ventricular fibrillation may indicate different underlying external or endogenous triggers.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Deduction of Strategic Planning Guidelines for Urban Medium Voltage Grids with Consideration of Electromobility and Heat Pumps

With the evolution of electromobility and heat pumps in urban areas, distribution system operators find themselves facing new challenges in reinforcing their grids. With this evolution, the power demand is developing rapidly and grid reinforcement is urgently needed. The electromobility and heat pump loads are introduced by giving the assumed development scenarios in Germany and their corresponding nominal power assumptions. Furthermore, a method for load modeling in grid planning is explained. Subsequently, several grid planning approaches are presented while dividing them into conventional and innovative planning strategies. Among the investigated innovative planning strategies are three variants of load management that regulate different load types. By analyzing several urban medium voltage grids, this contribution deduces a solid basis for distribution system operators in the form of planning guidelines. The implemented grid planning method leading to the planning guidelines is presented in detail along the contribution.

Topic: Physics and Engineering Research Articles
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hybrid habitats: Remediating leisure, space and youth through <i>Pokémon Go</i> in India

This paper is set within the context of a rapidly urbanizing India with shrinking avenues of physical play and social engagement. The loss of traditional play spaces has redefined leisure activities for youth beyond offline sites into online spaces. These newer leisure engagements including gaming, binge-watching and social media interactions are predominantly virtual and sedentary. This shift, and the restrictions in their physical movements, reduce youth interactions with their social and material environments. Operationalizing Soja’s “Thirdspace,” this paper argues that <i>Pokémon Go</i> generates hybrid habitats at the confluence of leisure, youth, and digital gaming. Through qualitative interviews and co-playing sessions, this study draws from an engagement experience pool spanning 400 h of gameplay with five respondents in the Indian context. It examines how the everyday leisure activities of youth in augmented environments can lead to new spatio-cultural meanings, redefine immediate social environments, and create dynamic possibilities for youth development.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Controlled synthesis of peptides in aqueous medium. III. Use of Leuch's anhydrides in the synthesis of di-peptides. Mechanism and control of side reactions

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled synthesis of peptides in aqueous medium. III. Use of Leuch's anhydrides in the synthesis of di-peptides. Mechanism and control of side reactionsRalph F. Hirschmann and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 11, 3415–3425Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01286a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01286a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views738Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aortic thrombosis following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

SummaryWe describe a previously unreported complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, that of aortic thrombosis. We also review the literature on blood flow in the abdomen following pneumoperitoneum.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Droplet: A New Denial-of-Service Attack on Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we present a new kind of Denial-of-Service attack against the PHY layer of low power wireless sensor networks. Overcoming the very limited range of jamming-based attacks, this attack can penetrate deep into a target network with high power efficiency. We term this the Droplet attack, as it attains enormous disruption by dropping small, payload-less frame headers to its victim's radio receiver, depriving the latter of bandwidth and sleep time. We demonstrate the Droplet attack's high damage rate to full duty-cycle receivers, and further show that a high frequency version of Droplet can even force nodes running on very low duty-cycle MAC protocols to drop most of their packets.

Topic: Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coming home through football: A geographic exploration of long-distance fandom

This thesis focuses on the relationship between long-distance football fandom and home. It examines how the act of supporting non-domestic football clubs is a symbolic and material connection to multiple scales of home for 32 long-distance football fans, aged between 17–65, who live in Aotearoa New Zealand. I argue that football fans and homes are mutually constituted and continually reproduced through football fandom practices. Examining fan practice from the scale of the body through to the globe demonstrates how multiple homes interplay with fan practice. Literature on home and literature on sport have not yet been combined by scholars. Drawing these two bodies of work together offers the opportunity to unpack fans’ relationships to ‘things’, between ‘people’ and to ‘places’, providing a window into critical geographies of identities.&#13;\nSocial, cultural, feminist and emotional geographies of home and qualitative research methods frame this research. A range of methods are combined to create a holistic view of the complex and messy relationships which construct fan identities and homes. Semi-structured interviews with 27 men and five women participants along with self-directed photography, ‘going-alongs’, participant sensings and textual data analysis were used to examine participants experiences of football fandom and home. &#13;\nFindings are organised into three intersecting themes: things; people; and, places. The first theme focuses on how connections to a club are established and maintained through material cultures of home. Material objects construct home not only through a physical presence but also through becoming infused with emotions and memory. Unpacking the relationships between ‘people’ which shape fan identities is the second theme. Fans and their homes are gendered, raced and classed through the act of supporting a club. The relationship to ‘place’ is the third theme, where I examine the multiple places which influence fan identities. Here fan ‘homes’ are imagined as multi-scalar and I highlight the ways in which connections to a club are key to fluid notions of home and identity. &#13;\nThis research demonstrates that football fandom offers a unique opportunity to geographers. Fandom spaces are under-researched and worthy of further scrutiny. Examining the relationships between home and fandom sheds light on the workings of power across a range of scales from the body, to the nation and the globe. Football fans’ homes are messy, complex, varied lived and felt.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Sonic Hedgehog and Gli1 Expression Predict Outcome in Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway is implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumorigenesis. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of four Hh signaling proteins and of the tumor stromal density.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Shh, Gli1, SMO, and PTCH1 was assessed in 567 patients from three independent cohorts who underwent surgical resection for PDAC. In 82 patients, the tumor stromal index (SI) was calculated, and its association with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Shh and Gli1 protein abundance were independent prognostic factors in resected PDACs; low expressors for those proteins experiencing a better OS and DFS. The combination of Shh and Gli1 levels was the most significant predictor for OS and defined 3 clinically relevant subgroups of patients with different prognosis (Gli1 and Shh low; HR set at 1 vs. 3.08 for Shh or Gli1 high vs. 5.69 for Shh and Gli1 high; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The two validating cohorts recapitulated the findings of the training cohort. After further stratification by lymph node status, the prognostic significance of combined Shh and Gli1 was maintained. The tumor SI was correlated with Shh levels and was significantly associated with OS (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.023).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Shh and Gli1 are prognostic biomarkers for patients with resected PDAC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1215–24. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Webinar: The Co-operative Model: A Durable and Sustainable Enterprise - Sussex Co-op at 170 Years

Unfortunately a recording of this webinar is not available.
This webinar gives an overview of the history of the world's oldest agricultural co-op, located in Sussex, New Brunswick. It puts the history of the co-op in the context of changes in the agricultural industry over the last two centuries, and contains a number of photos of co-op activities and buildings. The second presentation reviews the history of co-operatives as a sustainable business model.

Topic: Cooperative Studies and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences