jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microneedles: a therapeutic alternative in melasma

Background: Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis of the skin, which compromises the photo-exposed areas of the face.It mainly affects women and the darker photo types (Photo types of Fitzpatrick III-V), causes a great impact on the quality of life of patients who suffer from it, being of concern the therapeutic options available.Micro needles are a novel adjuvant therapeutic modality, their procedure is simple, well tolerated and with cosmetic benefits.Objective: To conduct a review of medical literature related to micro needles for the treatment of melasma Method: A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Medline and Embase databases.Additionally, the bibliography of relevant articles was reviewed.

Topic: Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Retracted] Research on Optimization of Student Management Evaluation System under the Background of Big Data

Aiming at the problem of effective management of a large number of teaching data resources, this paper puts forward an optimization method of student management evaluation system under the background of big data. Firstly, the model of student education management is constructed with big data technology, and the evaluation index of student management is standardized. Secondly, improve the student management evaluation algorithm, and optimize the student management evaluation system. Finally, the experiment proves that the optimization method of student management evaluation system under the background of big data has high practicability and fully meets the research requirements.

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Absence of &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; mutagenicity of 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) in liver and glandular stomach of Muta&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; Mouse

4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) (OBSH) is a blowing agent widely used in the manufacture of porous plastics and rubber. OBSH was notified as an additive in the Japanese positive list system for food utensils, containers and packaging. The in vitro mutagenicity of OBSH was shown extensively in bacterial reverse mutation assays, a DNA repair test, and a chromosomal aberration test. Few studies exist on in vivo genotoxic evaluation on OBSH apart from an in vivo micronuclei test. To clarify in vivo mutagenicity, we conducted a transgenic rodent gene mutation (TGR) assay (OECD TG 488). We dosed male MutaTM Mouse with OBSH by oral gavage at 0 (negative control), 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, and evaluated mutant frequencies (MFs) of lacZ in the liver and glandular stomach (5 mice/group). We observed two deaths and a reduction in body weight at 100 mg/kg/day. Although we exposed MutaTM Mouse to OBSH orally for 28 days up to the maximum tolerated dose, we did not detect in vivo mutagenicity in the liver and glandular stomach. In contrast, in the positive control we detected significantly increased MFs. The results of this study suggest that OBSH is not mutagenic in vivo.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Explaining EU Activism and Impact in Global Climate Politics: Is the Union a Norm‐ or Interest‐Driven Actor?

Abstract This contribution examines the driving factors behind the European Union's activism in global climate politics since the mid‐1990s. Two alternatives are considered: norms and interests. Norms underlying the EU's stance include its belief in multilateralism, sustainable development and the precautionary principle. Interests comprise economic opportunities and the climate change–security nexus. It is argued here that the normative orientation has dominated the EU's ‘leading by example’ strategy in global negotiations. In Copenhagen, it yielded little influence as it was insufficiently geared towards the context of the negotiations. This challenges the notion of ‘normative power’ Europe and makes a review of the Union's external climate policy necessary.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The biology of Canadian weeds. 98 <i>Potentilla anserina</i> L.

Potentilla anserina L., silverweed (Rosaceae), occurs in all provinces of Canada as well as in the two territories. Although generally found in wet sandy areas along rivers and on beaches, silverweed also occurs in waste areas, along roadsides, and in lawns. This shade-intolerant stoloniferous plant has recently become dominant in overgrazed sedge meadows of the Peace-Athabasca Delta, resulting in deterioration of portions of the primary range for wood bison in Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta. This contribution presents both a review of the literature and some original data on the biology and ecology of the species. Key words: Silverweed, disturbance, ecology, herbaceous perennial, demography

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications of Machine Learning Techniques in Genetic Circuit Design

Construction of mathematical models to investigate genetic circuit design is a powerful technique in synthetic biology with real-world applications in biomanufacturing and biosensing. The challenge of building such models is to accurately discover flow of information in simple as well as complex biological systems. However, building synthetic biological models is often a time-consuming process with relatively low prediction accuracy for highly complex genetic circuits. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the utility of various machine learning (ML) techniques to accurately construct mathematical models for predicting gene expressions in genetic circuit designs. Specifically, classification and regressions models were built using Random Forrest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The obtained accuracy of the regression model using RF and ANN yielded R2 scores of 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, compared to the best score of 0.63 obtained in an earlier study. Furthermore, a classifier model was built using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) measurements obtained from the experiments conducted in this work. Biologists use GFP as an indicator of gene expression, enabling easy measurement of its protein level in the living cells. The measured GFP values were predicted with 100% accuracy by both RF and ANN classifier models while identifying various synthetic gene circuit patterns. The paper also highlights importance of the relevant data preparation techniques to ensure high accuracy is obtained by the utilized ML models.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental and Computational Analysis of Bio-Inspired Winglets for Micro Air Vehicles

Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are increasingly being used for civil and military surveillance. As the surveillance requirements are increasing, improving the range of MAVs becomes imperative. The performance of MAVs can be improved if the induced drag due to wingtip vortices can be reduced. In the present study, we try to decrease the induced drag caused by the wingtip vortices, which makes up a major part of the total drag, by introducing a winglet. A unique yet simple design, which has not yet been studied thoroughly, is explored. Inspiration is taken from the feather structures of birds to design the proposed winglet. The performance of a fixed-wing MAV at a free stream velocity (U∞) of 20 m/s is studied. Multiple winglet configurations are used to compare the results with the baseline wing. An incompressible, steady three-dimensional simulation is carried out using the k-ω SST turbulence model. The experimental studies carried out for the baseline wing matched well with those obtained from CFD. Since the numerical model is valid, only computational study is done for the modified wing. The stall angle of the baseline wing is around 26°. Numerical results show that when the proposed winglet is used, the stall angle for the wing is increased to around 32°. The use of the winglet did not produce a considerable advantage at the lower Angle of Attack (AOA), but at higher AOA, the lift coefficient (CL) was considerably higher. The overall drag coefficient (CD) was higher at lower AOA when the winglet is used. But at AOAs greater than 5°, the CD reduced. Other effects of the winglet are addressed in terms of improvement in Lift-to-Drag ratio (L/D) and reduction in vorticity. The effect of the location and number of the feathers was studied to come up with an optimum winglet configuration. The experiments were carried for the wing with optimum winglet configuration and the results agreed fairly with the numerical results.

Topic: Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Slew Knobs-An Alternative to the Light Pen

Use of a manually operated shaft encoder to increment or decrement a word in memory is described by which means it is possible to control both a computer display and the simple data processing functions normally performed in the nuclear physics laboratory. The relative merits of this technique and the light pen are discussed.

Topic: Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Friendship and migration: rethinking friendship with Turkish immigrants in Italy

The aim of this article is to analyze the effects of the migration experience on friendship. It discusses what Turkish immigrants understand by the term friendship and what characteristics they associate with this term. It considers the concept of friendship in the context of Turkish immigrants living in Italy, analyzing their way of life and their tendency to build relationships with the native population. It examines the role of friendship relationships in the migratory experiences of Turkish immigrants in maintaining a common, equal life with differences. Compared to countries such as Germany or France, the migration adventure from Turkey to Italy is quite new. In this new migration adventure, it is unclear how the immigrants have built a new life in friendly relations while maintaining their differences. This article attempts to determine the immigration status of Turkish immigrants in Italy based on friendship relations. It aims to shed light on the nature of friendship as well as their position in Italy and the changing characteristics of migration by addressing their social, spatial and cultural unity with the country they have settled in through the concept of friendship.

Topic: Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND EXERCISE MOTIVATION

The present study sought to investigate whether traditional secular or faith-based program factors were more responsible for motivating women (N = 220, M age = 44.6 yr.) to participate in Christian exercise programs. Based on the results of a pilot study, the Christian Exercise Program Questionnaire was developed and mailed to the study participants. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was excellent as indicated by Cronbach coefficient alpha. As expected, those aspects of the exercise program that were faith-based, e.g., modest clothing, noncompetitive, and worshipful atmosphere, were considered more important than traditional secular factors, e.g., personal trainers and childcare, in the decision to enroll in the program (t219 = 9.23, p < .001). The findings suggest exercise programs that incorporate faith-based practices may appeal to a segment of the population and provide an alternative strategy for improving participation rates in physical activity.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows.

The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows Get access Mary Carleton, Ph.D. Mary Carleton, Ph.D. 1Department of Zoology. University College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 40, Issue 275, December 1939, Pages 575–624, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1939.tb01694.x Published: 28 June 2008

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Composing Processes of Advanced ESL Students: Six Case Studies

The most recent research in composition has given us important insights into the composing process. This research has revealed that composing is a non-linear, exploratory, and generative process whereby writers discover and reformulate their ideas as they attempt to approximate meaning. A study of the composing processes of advanced ESL students was undertaken to investigate the extent to which these students experience writing as a process of discovering and creating meaning and the extent to which second language factors affect this process. The findings indicate that skilled ESL writers explore and clarify ideas and attend to language-related concerns primarily after their ideas have been delineated. Since it is believed that the teaching of composition should be informed by and based upon what writing actually entails, an understanding of the composing process calls into question approaches that are prescriptive, formulaic, and overly concerned with correctness. Instead, it suggests the importance of instruction that gives students direct experiences with the composing process, that establishes a dynamic teaching/learning relationship between writers and their readers, and that enhances further linguistic development in the context of making and communicating meaning.

Topic: Writing and Handwriting Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Estimating the long-term residual value of zinc oxide for growing wheat in a sandy duplex soil

A long-term (17-year duration) field experiment was started on newly cleared zinc (Zn)-deficient sandy duplex soil (sand with lateritic ironstone gravel over clay) in south-western Australia that had never been fertilised to measure the residual value of Zn oxide for growing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). When wheat was grown in the field experiment different amounts of Zn were applied once only to plots in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1997, and 2000. When the field experiment was terminated, we collected soil samples from the top 0.10 m of the field plots to do a glasshouse experiment reported here. In the pot experiment 5 amounts of Zn were applied to subsamples of soil collected from each plot of the field experiment. When a yield increase (response) to the freshly applied Zn was obtained in the pot study the maximum yield plateau for the relationship between yield of 54-day-old dried wheat shoots and the amount of Zn freshly applied was similar regardless of when and how much Zn was applied in the field. The amount of Zn freshly applied to soil in the pots required to produce 90% of the maximum yield of dried wheat shoots was determined for soil previously treated with no Zn or different amounts of Zn in different years in the field to provide DM90 values. The DM90 values were largest when no Zn was applied in the field, decreased as more Zn was applied in the field and, for each amount of Zn applied in the field, increased as the number of years from application of Zn increased. For soil treated with 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha in the field the relationship between DM90 values and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field was approximately linear. The projected number of years taken for soil previously treated with Zn in the field to require the same DM90 values as soil samples collected from the nil-Zn treatments in the field was 23 and 40 years for the 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatments, respectively. In the pot experiment the Zn concentration in plant parts that was related to 90% of the total yield of dried wheat shoots (critical Zn concentration) was ~12 mg/kg for youngest mature growth (YMG) and 22 mg/kg for rest of shoots (ROS). The relationship between yield of dried wheat shoots and DTPA soil test Zn before sowing was similar for all the Zn treatments applied in both the field and pot studies, and the critical value was ~0.17 mg Zn/kg soil.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Figure S2 from S-531011, a Novel Anti-Human CCR8 Antibody, Induces Potent Antitumor Responses through Depletion of Tumor-Infiltrating CCR8-Expressing Regulatory T Cells

&lt;p&gt;Generation of humanized CCR8 KI mice&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Remittances and Competition: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach

The phenomenal growth of remittances in recent times has caught the attention of governments particularly in the developing countries, international organizations, Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the private sector, due to its importance as a viable source of external financing. The main problem identified in transferring these monies is that the competitive environment for money transfers in Nigeria is highly constrained. This is due to a near-monopolistic hold on the market by one money transfer organization (MTO) and the fact that banks are the only entities legally authorized to perform international payments. Findings from the policy analysis matrix results shows divergence in the revenue, costs and profits were negative (-2989360,-172074, -268246, - 2549040). This indicates that the society value remittances more than the market. The PCR was negative which shows that the system is not competitive and a negative SRP shows a tax on inbound transfer. The study concluded that money transfer service as rendered by banks and their partners in Nigeria is not competitive. Governments and policy makers can contribute to improving competition, lowering transaction costs, and reducing informality.

Topic: Global Trade and Competitiveness
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial DNA from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been isolated from a mitochondrial pellet of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The mtDNA has a buoyant density of 1.706 g/ml in CsCl, a melting temperature of 87.9 degrees in standard saline citrate, and a nucleoside composition of 47.5% deoxyguanidine plus deoxycytidine with no odd nucleosides. Thermal denaturation and renaturation studies have shown that (i) mtDNA contains no extensive intramolecular heterogeneity nor significant base bias between the complementary polynucleotide chains and (ii) mtDNA renatures as a single homogeneous class with a kinetic complexity of 9.78 X 10(6) daltons. Although rare (less than or equal to 1%), both open and supercoiled circular mtDNA molecules have been observed in the electron microscope. Contour lengths of linear and open and closed circular molecules are all within the range of 4.0-5.4 micron with a mean of 4.67 +/- 0.30 micron. This size is similar to that of animal mtDNA but approximately 1/8 that of the higher plant mtDNAs. The magnitude of mtDNA reiteration in C. reinhardtii is estimated to be of the same order as that of chloroplast DNA.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Typical food products and sensory assessment: designing and implementing typicality trials

"Typical products"» are foodstuffs belonging to a group of products which claim an organic link to a given territory, a particular history and a local community. Legal recognition and protection of their geographical origin require that the typical products comply with the new European regulations. Under these regulations, local producers must justify this link by defining their products and working out trial and control procedures. In this process, sensory assessment is a driving factor in constructing the product's typicality. It engages specific human resources such as the assessors'senses in a procedure that is neither hedonistic (acceptability for the consumer), nor able to delegated to outside experts (conformity with a standard). What the assessors must decide is whether a candidate product can be included in a given type by assessing its faithfulness to the type's memory. With this objective in mind, how is the typicality trial to be designed ? We show that the setting for the trial is necessarily of a composite nature. The criteria to be used as well as the consideration of their different modalities mobilise several forms of knowledge that are distributed throughout the local community (producers, connoisseurs and product mediators). Jn these settings the memory linked to the product is activated and transmitted. The decision to include or not a product in the type to which it claims to belong incorporates the innate variety of a typical product, i.e. "cru" types, seasons or years, as admissible concrete expression of the type. Judging the typicality of a product thus becomes a deliberation process among the different parties in the setting in order to reach a consensual decision. The fact of engaging these specific human competencies in the typicality trial is a form of normalisation of the product. The new properties enable the typical products to be recognised as such outside their geographical area of origin, without however despoiling them of their originality.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences