jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based software production

"…[S]oftware remains NIT's [Networking and Information Technology] greatest weakness. Although reliable and robust software is central to activities throughout society, much software is brittle, full of bugs and flaws. Software development remains a labor-intensive process in which delays and cost overruns are common, and responding to installed software's errors, anomalies, vulnerabilities, and lack of interoperability is costly to organizations throughout the U.S. economy." "…[T]he science of software development must be a focus of Federal NIT R&D. As software's complexity continues to rise, today's design, development, and management problems will become intractable unless fundamental breakthroughs are made…"[2]

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Redox-Dependent DNA Binding of the Purified Androgen Receptor:  Evidence for Disulfide-Linked Androgen Receptor Dimers

Full-length histidine-tagged, dihydrotestosterone-bound human androgen receptor (AR) was purified to homogeneity by affinity and gel-filtration chromatography for antibody production and analysis of AR dimerization and DNA binding properties. A monoclonal antibody was raised that recognized human and rat AR epitope (360)ArgAspTyrTyrAsnPheProLeuAla(368) in the NH(2)-terminal domain and slowed migration of AR-DNA complexes in mobility shift assays. AR binding to androgen response element DNA had a K(d) of 2.0 nM and a Hill coefficient of 2.1, indicating high-affinity, cooperative binding. AR solution dimerization was detected only at >/=0.2 microM AR, and DNA binding increased dimerization up to 30-fold. Slow- and fast-migrating AR-DNA complexes were detected under different reducing conditions that differed 5-fold in their dissociation rates from DNA. Treatment with the sulfhydryl oxidizing reagent diamide formed the faster migrating, slower dissociating complex, indicating it represents disulfide-linked AR dimers bound to DNA. The results indicate that high concentrations of purified AR are required for solution dimerization and that cooperative DNA binding stabilizes two dimer forms that differ in redox state.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Long non-coding RNA HLA-F antisense RNA 1 inhibits the maturation of microRNA-613 in polycystic ovary syndrome to promote ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis

MicroRNA-613 (miR-613) inhibits granulosa cell proliferation, suggesting its involvement in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We predicted that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HLA-F antisense RNA 1 (HLA-F-AS1) could interact with premature miR-613. We then explored the crosstalk between HLA-F-AS1 and miR-613 in PCOS. In this study, follicular fluid donated by 58 healthy controls and 58 PCOS patients was used to analyze the expression of HLA-F-AS1 and miR-613 (mature and premature). The direct interaction between HLA-F-AS1 and premature miR-613 was evaluated by RNA pull-down assay. Overexpression of both HLA-F-AS1 and miR-613 was achieved in granulosa cells to assess their interactions. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected with BrdU assay and cell apoptosis assay, respectively. We found that miR-613 was highly expressed in PCOS, while HLA-F-AS1 was downregulated in PCOS. HLA-F-AS1 directly interacted with premature miR-613, and overexpression of HLA-F-AS1 increased the expression levels of premature miR-613, but decreased the expression levels of mature miR-613. HLA-F-AS1 increased ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. MiR-613 played an opposite role and suppressed the role of HLA-F-AS1. Therefore, HLA-F-AS1 may inhibit the maturation of miR-613 in PCOS to promote ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Present Situation and Clinical Features of A/H5N1 Human Infection

Human infection with Influenza A/H5N1 had been recognized since a decade ago. It can be regarded as one of newly emerging infectious diseases. To date the disease has affected many countries worldwide. Hundreds of cases had been reported to WHO with 50–60% fatalities. In Indonesia as of March 2008, 129 cases had been reported since 2005 with inevitably high fatality rate (81,4%). Some preliminary reports suggested that the high fatality rate may correlate with the virulence of the virus strain circulating in the country, high viral load and the dissemination of the virus into important organs outside the lung such as blood, brain and the gastro-intestinal tract. New cases is still taking place in the country due to many factors: geographic and demographic, poultry farming structure, vaccine availability, poultry movement, geopolitical (decentralization impact) and migratory birds may plays some roles. The demographic characteristic showed that all age groups may be affected with slight predominance in young adult group. There is no significant different between male and female in term of prevalence. A proportion of the cases (about 50%) had history of direct contact with sick, healthy or died poultry, 30% had history of indirect contact with poultry in the environtment either sick or healthy. In about 20% of the cases the history of contact to source of infection could not be concluded. Fever, cough and breathlessness are the most frequent encountered clinical feature. For the purpose of screening some criterias for suspect are used: ILI, ARI or pneumonia with history of contact with AI source of infection, rapid progressive pneumonia leading to ARDS or fatality, unresponsive pneumonia treated adequately with antibiotics, clustering, or when viral infection is likely (leucopenia, lymphopenia). Antibiotics are used as initial treatment of CAP empiricly and when there is evidence of secondary bacterial infection. Antiviral treatment with oseltamivir has limited clinical benefit especially when given earlier.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical and Microscopic Characterization of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) Cell Walls during Cooking

Cell wall material (CWM) was isolated from noncooked, 5 min cooked, and 15 min cooked potato tissue and accompanying cooking media from the cultivars Irene and Nicola. A mass balance of the material in the different fractions obtained during isolation was made. Chemical compositions of the CWM and cell size distributions of the potato tissues were analyzed. The mealy cooking cv. Irene had more CWM per unit cell surface area than the nonmealy cooking cv. Nicola. These results confirmed observations of the potato cell walls made by transmission electron microscopy. The molar composition of the CWM was comparable for both cultivars. During cooking, for both cultivars relatively more unbranched than branched pectic polysaccharides were solubilized. However, the type of pectin solubilized after 15 min of cooking was different for the two cultivars. This pectin was relatively more branched, more methylated, and more acetylated for cv. Irene than for cv. Nicola. Keywords: Potato; Solanum tuberosum L.; cooking; texture; cell wall; middle lamella; transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of dividend initiation on stock returns of companies listed at the Nairobi securities exchange

Dividends are the distribution of past or present earnings in real assets among the shareholders of a firm in proportion to their ownership. This study investigates the impact of dividends on stock returns of companies that either pay the first dividend in their corporate history or initiate dividends after a 3-year hiatus, listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study period (2009 to 2014) sampling criteria results to 8 firms for the study sample and uses an estimation window of 140 days and 15-day event window period. The analysis particularly, considers the magnitude of abnormal returns during the days that surround announcements of dividend initiation. This study expects to reveal whether dividend initiation is important to investors at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. It also expects to reveal whether the type of firm’s industry or sector has influence on the investors’ reaction to dividend initiation announcement. This is accomplished by measuring the abnormal returns before, during and after dividend initiation announcements. Using an event study approach, the evidence shows that dividend initiation announcements are greeted positively by investors. Sectorial analysis is made to ascertain if firms in different industries according to the sample react differently to dividend initiation announcement. The sectors included: commercial and services, banking, energy, insurance and telecommunication and technology. The results suggest that all sectors experienced significant effect of dividend initiation announcement. The firms in the telecommunication and technology sector experienced stronger investors’ reaction than firms in the other sectors. The results of this study show that dividend initiation does matter, in a way that is consistent with the signaling hypothesis which states that investors can infer information about a firm’s future earnings through the signal coming from dividend announcements, both in terms of the stability and changes in dividends. Therefore, conveying to the market information about the future prospects of the firm. Policy makers of listed firms should watch carefully and consider dividend initiation as an option to signal to the market about their future performance because investors on the securities exchange attach dividend initiation with value increasing effect on their shares/stocks. There is need for the companies’ management to ensure availability of information to the shareholders. Provision of vital information regarding operations of the firm to the stakeholders will affect positively the performance of the firm as the shareholders will tend to invest along the trends of the business

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effects of Albumin-Bound Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Platelets

Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) were bound to human albumin in a molar ratio of 2 and were then added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), increasing the total FA concentration by 1 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;. Separate FA and FA paired with di-homo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA) and arachidon-ic acid (AA), respectively, were incubated with PRP for 5 and 90 min, and platelet aggregation and platelet factor 3 (PF3) activity were measured. DHLA inhibited adenosine-diphos-phate- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation after 5 min, an effect which was enhanced after 90 min. The effects of AA, which stimulated platelet aggregation and increased PF3 activity, were partially counteracted by DHLA after 90 min. When linoleic acid and AA were incubated with PRP in equimolar concentrations for 90 min, an inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed which was not observed after incubation with these FA separately. This study indicates that exogenous albumin-bound AA and DHLA may be used directly by the platelet cyclo-oxygenase pathway before significant incorporation into the platelet phosphoüpids has occurred.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Enzymatic characterization of purified NS3 serine proteinase of hepatitis C virus expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Non‐structural protein 3 (NS3) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be a serine proteinase which cleaves the HCV polyprotein thus activating its replicative machinery. To characterize enzymatic activities of NS3 serine proteinase, the proteinase region was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified proteinase specifically cleaved a purified fusion protein sandwiching the NS5A/5B cleavage sequence. In addition to serine proteinase inhibitors, some chelators also inhibited the cleavage activity. Metal ions were not required for its activity, suggesting that the proteinase may be a novel serine proteinase having a unique binding site for chelators.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using focused reflection and articulation to promote clinical reasoning: an evidence-based teaching strategy.

This research explored the effects of instructing first-semester nursing students in the use of focused reflection and articulation to promote clinical reasoning. Student volunteers were randomly assigned to four clinical groups. Two groups that received instruction in the use of focused reflection and articulation scored significantly higher on the practice measure of clinical reasoning, accounting for 29 percent of the variance between groups. Once clinical reasoning scores were tabulated, the top six and bottom six scorers on clinical reasoning were interviewed to identify qualitative differences between students with different reasoning levels. Themes from the interviews revealed that those with high clinical reasoning reported a high frequency of use of focused reflection and articulation, engaged in abstract learning, and were more self-regulated in their learning than those who scored low on clinical reasoning. This study provides empirical evidence that using instructional methods that focus learners' attention on the concrete application of theory in the practicum setting helps enhance their reasoning skills.

Topic: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors Affecting Switching Behavior of Mobile Service Users: The Case of Jordan

This study aims at identifying the most critical factors affecting the customer switching behavior for mobile service providers in Jordan. A number of 580 questionnaires distributed to a random sample of Jordanian mobile users. The questionnaire contains 33 items measured on a five‐point likert scale. The data were analyzed using regression analysis. It was found that all the independent variables (pricing, inconvenience, core service failures, service encounter failures, employee responsiveness to service failures, attraction by competitors, changes in technology, switching cost) had a significant effect on switching behavior of mobile service users except change in technology and employee responsiveness to service failure. Recommendations and directions for future research are proposed.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Local Governance in Hungary – the Balance of the Last 20 Years

The objective of the present study is to give an overview of the development of the Hungarian local government system in light of international development trends. The author’s aim is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the spatial frameworks of public power practice in an international and theoretical context with an emphasis on Hungarian specifics. The actual relevance of drawing up a balance is justified by the fact that the institutional framework of local govern­ments was created 20 years ago at the change of regime, and so the time is ripe to evaluate the experiences of their operation, the more so since the reform of terri­torial public administration is proposed regularly. On the basis of examining the past twenty years, the author would like to take a stance about whether the Hungarian system of local government has been able to transform the previous centralised Hungarian state, and to what extent it may provide an ideal framework for the democratic functioning of local power and the organisation of local administration and services. Where do we stand today and where lies our destination? It is inevitable to reflect on to what extent the Hungarian system of territorial governance is compatible with the European administrative space. Concerning the realisation of the recommendations, the evaluations produced later on have remained quite cautious. On the one hand, it was declared that sig­nificant reform programmes had been implemented in several Eastern Central European countries, which nonetheless were halted in several cases. In the evaluation of the Hungarian system of public administration, the present study will examine the evolution of centralisation/decentralisation, as well as the agents of local governance and their relations; and all this in light of the pre­vailing European processes.

Topic: Hungarian Social, Economic and Educational Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The empirical research of ARMA-GARCH models based on high frequency data

Abstract Based on high frequency data (5 minutes) and low frequency data (day), this paper models and analyses the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index (SH1A0001). Through the stationarity test and the ARCH effect test, the ARMA (1,1) – GARCH (1,1) model is established. Under the assumption of the error term obeys the Laplace distribution, the estimation is obtained. By the result of forward prediction, it is found that the result of model prediction in high frequency data is better than those in low frequency data.

Topic: Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of the ergostim and amino acids on vegetative growth characteristics and mineral content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The experiment was carried out in one of the unheated greenhouses at the research station of the College of Agriculture and Marshes / University of Thi Qar, Al-Mustafawiya during the season 2021-2022. To study the effect of spraying with Ergostim and amino acids on the vegetative growth characteristics and the mineral content of the hot pepper under protected cultivation, and the cultivation of the hybrid cultivar Barbarian, the experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design and the experiment included two factor and three replications consisting of four concentrations of Ergostim (0 and 1, 2, and 3) ml L-1 and three concentrations of amino acids (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1 by using complete randomized block design with three replicates. The averages of the treatments were compared according to the Least Significant Differences (LSD) test at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that spraying of the Ergostim nutrient solution on the leaves had a significant effect on increasing each of (plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves) at a concentration of (3 ml L-1), as rates were recorded 100.90 cm plant-1 ,133.01 dm2 plant-1, 11.24 branch plant-1, 12.99%, 2.32%, 1.08%, respectively. As for the amino acids, the concentration (4 ml L-1) achieved the highest levels in the above-mentioned traits. It reached 100.74 cm Plant-1 ,108.63 cm 2 Plant-1 ,10.26 cm branch plant -1, 12.93%, 2.28%, 1.03%, respectively.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Anthropogenic Use, Modification, and Preservation of Coastal Cave Resources in Puerto Rico

Coastal caves throughout the Caribbean basin have provided critical environmental settings for diverse human activities spanning many cultural periods and have ranged from ceremonial, mortuary or ritualistic applications to the practical uses of such shoreline structures within the context of past subsistence strategies and subsequent post-contact commercial exploitation. Coastal caves can harbor significant cultural resources, serving as repositories of archaeological and historical materials as well as providing critical physiographic components of cultural development in the Puerto Rican islands. However, anthropogenic uses of coastal cave sites of the Puerto Rico mainland have received limited attention in comparison to the numerous archeologically and geologically significant cave and karst sites located in the island interior. The comparative distribution and diversity of coastal cave rock art forms can serve as indicators of anthropogenic uses, forming an important baseline data set contributing to a more complete understanding of long-term cultural uses of littoral sites. This study integrates an overview of anthropogenic influences on Puerto Rican coastal karst landforms with their distinctive geomorphologies, correlating defined examples of cave structures with associated pre-contact and post-contact uses, contemporary human impact, and applied management/preservation strategies.

Topic: Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Illustrating the Thematic Analysis: Export Constraints and Potential in Selected Sectors

Discusses the export potential in Bangladesh of seven products: shipbuilding, jute and jute-based products, non-leather footwear, polo shirts (garments), bicycles as a light engineering product, information technology enabled services (ITES), and pharmaceuticals. Common themes that emerged across the sector analyses demonstrate distortions related to variations in export facilities; stifled incentives; issues of skill inadequacy, poor logistics, and Internet connectivity; and cost of trade finance and hindrances in small value payments. Bangladesh remains the second largest producer of jute in the world, after India, and the leading exporter of jute and jute products; Bangladesh has public and private sector jute mills, all operating below capacity. The advantage of jute products is that these earnings stay in the country, since the jute is locally sourced and labor constitutes a significant component along much of the jute and jute products value chain. As such, jute shopping bags cover several issues that can arise in the diversified sector.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in saliva of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and in persons at risk for AIDS

Abstract Whole saliva samples collected from available people at risk in Boston for infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV), from late 1984 through early 1985, were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to viral proteins. Fourteen of 20 (70%) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and 14 of 15 (93%) AIDS- related complex (ARC) patients had salivary antibodies that reacted with the virus-encoded glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 of HTLV-III infected cells. All of the AIDS and ARC patients had serum antibodies to the same antigens. Of 20 sex partners of AIDS/ARC patients, nine (45%) showed anti-HTLV-III antibodies, and four of 18 (22%) healthy homosexual males also were positive for such antibodies. Serum and salivary antibody status were the same in these groups. A minority of those patients positive for salivary antibodies to env gene-encoded gp160 and gp120 also had salivary antibodies to gag gene-encoded proteins of 55,000, 24,000, and/or 17,000 daltons. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) class antibodies comprised the majority of the salivary antibody response. The spectrum of HTLV-III proteins detected by the salivary and serum antibodies was similar. The possibility that secretory IgA from the gut-associated lymphoid system may play a role to restrict salivary transmission of HTLV-III should be considered.

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences