jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Experimental study of changes in the right-sided heart hemodynamics and in the reserve force of pulmonary vascular bed after pneumonectomy].

Experimental results are reported of the characteristic impedance in the right-sided heart hemodynamics, and of the reserve force of the pulmonary vascular bed, both in the acute phase and in the chronic phase, following pneumonectomy. To investigate the difference in the reserve force of the pulmonary vascular bed between immediately after left pneumonectomy and 30 days afterward, a total of 15 mongrel dogs were divided into three groups for investigation; Group A--examined immediately after left simple thoracotomy, Group B--immediately after left pneumonectomy, and Group C--examined at 30 days after left pneumonectomy. Immediately after left pneumonectomy (Group B), both the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the total pulmonary resistance index were higher than when after only left simple thoracotomy (Group A). However, by 30 days afterwards (Group C), there was no difference between them. The right-sided heart hemodynamics were investigated by repeated infusions through the right atrium of glass beads (diameter size 100-150 microns, 50 mg/kg). In Group C, the mean pulmonary pressure and total pulmonary resistance index did not increase over that in Group B until the volume of the infusion exceeded that in Group B until the volume of the infusion exceeded that in Group B, suggesting that Group C had a large reserve force of the pulmonary vascular bed than had Group B. Furthermore, Group C revealed a significantly decreased characteristic impedance immediately after the infusion of the glass beads compared to before the infusion, but it increased later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flesh, &lt;em&gt;Freundschaft&lt;/em&gt;, and Fellowship: Towards a Holistic Model of the Amish Kinship System

<ns0:p>Kinship as a social anthropological category, with its three fundamentals – affinity, descent, and siblingship – denotes an orderly system of social relationships past, present, and future, through which a social system is composed and reproduced. What rules, if any, regulate marriage alliance among the Amish? Why are both affinal and consanguineal relationships structurally subordinated to that of fictive kinship? Building on and reexamining the extant anthropological discourse concerning the Amish kinship organization, a comparative-diachronic analysis of courtship, marriage, descent, inheritance, and residential patterns in a holistic and alliance-focused social system is provided. The article contributes an analysis of social-cosmological precepts governing the Amish kinship structure and reaffirms Mook and Hostetler’s (1957) premise on patrilineal ultimogeniture, Hurd’s (1985b) assertion on the absence of prescriptive marriage rules, and Huntington’s (1988) argument on preferential affinal alliance. [Abstract by author]</ns0:p>

Topic: Agriculture and Farm Safety
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative Study of Thermophysical Parameters of Different Types of Upholstery Wood and the Influence of Density on Combustion Parameters at Microscale

The fire behaviour of five types of wood was studied on a microscale. Some thermophysical parameters such as thermal conductivity, effusivity and diffusivity were also evaluated. The microscale analysis is based on the analysis of several parameters such as the assessment of heat released rates (HRR), peak heat released rates (pHRR), total heat released (THR), enthalpy variation (Δh) and residue rates with the combustion microcalorimeter (PCFC). The PF2C device was used to measure the conductivity, effusivity and diffusivity of wood, while the PCFC for the microscale study of wood behaviour in combustive situations. In terms of thermal conductivity, wood conducts heat with difficulty, while the other types, namely frake, bete, tek and red wood, more easily conduct heat and therefore cannot be considered as thermal insulators. For results, in terms of measuring effusivity, white wood has the smallest value, which means that it exchanges less thermal energy with its environment. Red and tek woods exchange much more energy with the environment compared to other types of wood. We observe that tek wood has the highest diffusivity, which means that it is the wood that reacts as quickly as possible to the change in temperature. White and frake woods have the same value of thermal diffusivity as red and bete wood which have the lowest thermal diffusivities. The fire behaviour of these materials is a very little variable on the microscale and we can conclude that at this level there is no major difference for our different types of wood. Hence, there is no influence of density on the microscale. We can say that for the white and tek wood the complete combustion begins at 700°C. By this same method of analysis, we come to the conclusion that the frake, bete and red woods tend towards a complete combustion at 675°C. At 675°C the bete and frake woods have the best combustive yields, to a lesser extent than the red and tek woods. The bete wood has the highest activation energy and the white wood the lowest.

Topic: Fire dynamics and safety research
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin as the pharmaceutical excipient for radioiodinated hypericin improves solubility and plasma clearance without affecting netrotic targeting.

1309 Objectives: 131I-Hyp serves a powerful radiopharmaceutical against solid tumours when it was concomitantly used with a vascular disrupting agent (VDA), which was named as the sequential dual-targeting theragnostic strategy (SDTTS) or Oncocidia. However, poor hydrophilicity of both Hypand 131I-Hyp has always been an obstacle for its clinical application. We were committed to finding a legal preparation (Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, HP-β-CD) for 131I-Hyp/Hyp to replace their traditional preparation (with lots of DMSO) for intravenous injection.
Materials and Methods: solubility of Hyp in HP-β-CD solution was evaluated by UV spectrophotometry and 50% HP-β-CD was chosen as the main solvent. 131I-Hyp was labelled from 1 mg/mL Hyp in the traditional preparation (contained 30% DMSO), the improved preparation 1 (contained 50% HP-β-CD), and the improved preparation 2 (contained 6% DMSO with 50% HP-β-CD) , i.v. injected at the dosage of 3.96 MBq/kg of 131I in rats (N=6/group) with liver and muscle necrosis. Tissues were sampled after 24 hr for gamma counting, autoradiography and H&E staining.
 Results: No preparation was be labelled with 131I, and 131I-Hyp exhibited radiochemical purity above 90% in the preparations. Hyp solubility was enhanced with increasing HP-β-CD, and higher than 1 mg/mL in the solvents higher than 40% HP-β-CD. The targetability of 131I-Hyp did not changed in the improved preparations, necrotic liver exhibited higher radioactivity, blue-stained by EB and lower hematoxylin dye on H&E staining. The radioactivity cleaned fast in blood in the improved preparations.
 Conclusions: The improved preparations contained HP-β-CD could be a suitable pharmaceutical excipient for i.v. injection of 131I-Hyp solution.

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recent Advances in Third-Space Endoscopy.

The capabilities of interventional gastrointestinal endoscopy have significantly increased over the past several decades. Improvements in devices and techniques have eased the transfer of novel concepts from bench to bedside. The concept of submucosal endoscopy with mucosal flap safety valve has enabled endoscopists to securely use submucosal space, or third space. Peroral endoscopic myotomy was the initial procedure performed utilizing submucosal space in patients with achalasia. Subsequently, this technique has been used successfully for removal of subepithelial tumors from the esophagus and the stomach. All third-space endoscopy procedures use a similar technique-a submucosal tunnel is created, and then a myotomy is performed or a subepithelial tumor is dissected away from the initial site of the mucosal incision. The other potential indications for third-space endoscopy include refractory gastroparesis, Zenker diverticulum, and restoration of completely obstructed esophageal lumen. Although the emerging data look promising for peroral endoscopic myotomy and pyloromyotomy, randomized studies with long-term follow-up are lacking. Submucosal endoscopy is largely safe, and the occurrence of major adverse events is uncommon. Therefore, the majority of third-space endoscopy procedures can be performed in an endoscopy suite. The most frequently encountered adverse events during submucosal endoscopy include those related to insufflation, bleeding, and perforations.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Seroprevalence of Sars-Cov-2 antibodies among eligible blood donors of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors gradually increased during the second and third wave of the pandemic in Pakistan indicating a widespread prevalence of Covid-19 in the general population. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 varies with ABO blood types, with blood group O associated with low risk of infection.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and evaluation of context-dependent protective relaying approach

This paper, introduces a new concept of robust protective relays based on unique type of self-organized neural network. An advanced approach for protective relay testing and evaluation is presented as well. The proposed relaying solution detects and subsequently classifies the faults. A new interactive simulation environment based on MATLAB is selected as the main software environment for synthesis and evaluation of complex protection algorithms. Other application programs may be connected with MATLAB and used for simulation of specific power system faults and events.

Topic: Power Systems Fault Detection
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Description of Acanthoscelides aureomicans1 (Pic, 1930)

Se presenta el cambio de género de la especie Acanthoscelides aureomicans (Pic, 1930) a Sennius. También se hace una descripción de la especie y se ilustra la forma del adulto macho, así como su genitalia.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen is synthesized as a storage form of glucose by a wide array of organisms, ranging from bacteria to animals. The molecule comprises linear chains of α1,4-linked glucose residues with branches introduced through the addition of α1,6-linkages. Understanding how the synthesis and degradation of glycogen are regulated and how glycogen attains its characteristic branched structure requires the study of the enzymes of glycogen storage. However, the methods most commonly used to study these enzyme activities typically employ reagents or techniques that are not available to all investigators. Here, we discuss a battery of procedures that are technically simple, cost-effective, and yet still capable of providing valuable insight into the control of glycogen storage. The techniques require access to a spectrophotometer, operating in the range of 330 to 800 nm, and are described assuming that the users will employ disposable, plastic cuvettes. However, the procedures are readily scalable and can be modified for use in a microplate reader, allowing highly parallel analysis.

Topic: Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The First Transmembrane Domain of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Envelope Protein Is Crucial for Infectivity

The early steps of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle are still poorly understood. Indeed, neither the virus receptor at the cell surface nor the mechanism by which nucleocapsids are delivered to the cytosol of infected cells has been identified. Extensive mutagenesis studies in pre-S1, pre-S2, and most of the S domain of envelope proteins revealed the presence of two regions essential for HBV infectivity: the 77 first residues of the pre-S1 domain and a conformational motif in the antigenic loop of the S domain. In addition, at the N-terminal extremity of the S domain, a putative fusion peptide, partially overlapping the first transmembrane (TM1) domain and preceded by a PEST sequence likely containing several proteolytic cleavage sites, was identified. Since no mutational analysis of these two motifs potentially implicated in the fusion process was performed, we decided to investigate the ability of viruses bearing contiguous deletions or substitutions in the putative fusion peptide and PEST sequence to infect HepaRG cells. By introducing the mutations either in the L and M proteins or in the S protein, we demonstrated the following: (i) that in the TM1 domain of the L protein, three hydrophobic clusters of four residues were necessary for infectivity; (ii) that the same clusters were critical for S protein expression; and, finally, (iii) that the PEST sequence was dispensable for both assembly and infection processes. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main human pathogen

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
5G mmWave Patch Antenna on Multi-layered Alumina Ribbon Ceramic Substrates

The thin, flexible, fully dense Alumina Ribbon Ceramic (ARC) fabricated by Corning's proprietary process of continuously sintered ceramic (CSC) is used as a substrate for the patch antenna and transmission line for 5G mmWave wireless communication systems. The microstrip line on the 40um thick ARC shows a loss of about 1.6dB/cm at 28GHz. The compact (0.2λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.2λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ), low profile and multilayered patch antenna shows a resonant frequency of 29.35GHz with 2.81dBi peak gain, which could be used for 5G mmWave mobile applications.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Path integration in insects

This chapter outlines what is known about path integration in insects. It begins by discussing how the insect's compass and odometer work as well as the manner in which their outputs are combined. It then returns to the path integration system in general and explores how central place foragers such as bees and ants make use of the results of the path integration process. It is evident that the path integration system offers vectors that guide the animal to nesting and feeding sites or from one waypoint to another, and empowers the animal with a framework for obtaining and using spatial knowledge about its environment. In solving these navigational problems in an ad hoc rather than ab initio way, the insect attains high-level tasks by context-dependent low-level means. It is also shown that insects use a variety of information sources, such as the direction of the sun or the polarization patterns and spectral gradients in the sky, to determine their heading.

Topic: Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies in Quinazolines. Part III : Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-3-Aralkyl-4-(3H) and 2-Mercapto-3-Aralkyl/alkyl/-4(3H)-Quinazolinones

In order to study physiological properties, several 2-alkyl-3-aralkyl and 2-mercapto-3-aralkyl/ alkyl/-4(3H) quinazolinones have been synthesized from the corresponding acylanthranilic acids and amines using either phosphoryl chloride or phosphorus trichloride, as a condensing agent.

Topic: Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Management and Controlling Tourism Activity and Services (MCTAS) at ALBAHA City Using GIS

This paper aims to industry a tool for use in decision support tourism, based on GIS applications, so that it explains the sites and tourist services, tourism statistics, and other factors that could affect the development of tourism, with the integration of applications with a variety of assistive technologies such as forms a three-dimensional, and virtual reality, which make scalable applications, that provides a centralized store and retrieve all the tourist data, prepare geographic database, tourist sites in Al-Baha City - Saudi Arabia. Tourism is probably the only economic sector which provides concrete and quantitative growing in TRADING opportunities. Therefore, this paper gives discussion on an initiative for the development and the implementation of Geographic INFORMATION SYSTEMS in the tourism industry for an important region of Saudi Arabia.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Different Batch Size Parameters on Predicting of COVID19 Cases

The new coronavirus 2019, also known as COVID19, is a very serious epidemic that has killed thousands or even millions of people since December 2019. It was defined as a pandemic by the world health organization in March 2020. It is stated that this virus is usually transmitted by droplets caused by sneezing or coughing, or by touching infected surfaces. The presence of the virus is detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests with the help of a swab taken from the nose or throat. In addition, X-ray and CT imaging methods are also used to support this method. Since it is known that the accuracy sensitivity in rRT-PCR test is low, auxiliary diagnostic methods have a very important place. Computer-aided diagnosis and detection systems are developed especially with the help of X-ray and CT images. Studies on the detection of COVID19 in the literature are increasing day by day. In this study, the effect of different batch size (BH=3, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) parameter values on their performance in detecting COVID19 and other classes was investigated using data belonging to 4 different (Viral Pneumonia, COVID19, Normal, Bacterial Pneumonia) classes. The study was carried out using a pre-trained ResNet50 convolutional neural network. According to the obtained results, they performed closely on the training and test data. However, it was observed that the steady state in the test data was delayed as the batch size value increased. The highest COVID19 detection was 95.17% for BH = 3, while the overall accuracy value was 97.97% with BH = 20. According to the findings, it can be said that the batch size value does not affect the overall performance significantly, but the increase in the batch size value delays obtaining stable results.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program

Dysfagie is veel voorkomend probleem bij de ouderen populatie. Dysfagie kan meerdere gevolgen hebben, waaronder pneumonieen en ondervoeding. De logopedische behandeling van dysfagie is daarom noodzakelijk en kan vormgegeven worden door revalidatiestrategieen en/of compensatiestrategieen. Het McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program (MDTP) heeft als doel om de kracht en coordinatie van het slikken te verbeteren door middel van het inzetten van de slikbeweging als functionele slikbeweging gecombineerd met een hierarchische voedingsopbouw en 'krachtig slikken'. De behandelintensiteit van de MDTP is vijf behandelsessies in de week, gedurende drie weken. Er zijn meerdere beweegredenen die invloed kunnen hebben op de keuze van logopedisten om de MDTP wel of niet toe te passen. Dit onderzoek heeft als doel om deze beweegredenen in kaart te brengen om het programma af te stemmen op de behoeften van logopedisten.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Total Synthesis of Gelsenicine via a Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Strategy

The first total synthesis of (±)-gelsenicine is reported. The synthetic route is highly efficient (13 steps), featuring (1) a pivotal metal-catalyzed isomerization/rearrangement process that forges the central core of the molecule and (2) two facile C-N bond-forming steps that establish the flanking heterocycles.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Imaging Neuronal Activity with Calcium Indicators in Larval Zebrafish

INTRODUCTION The ability to image neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in fish is a powerful tool for investigating the neuronal basis of behavior in normal and mutant lines of fish. This protocol describes a method for using calcium indicators to monitor neuronal activity in transparent larval zebrafish. The imaging process involves collecting a confocal time series from the cells of interest. The behavior of interest is elicited during the time series to determine whether the cells increase in intensity in association with the behavior.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Eliashberg theory for dynamical screening in bilayer exciton condensation

We study the effect of dynamical screening of interactions on the transition temperatures ($T_c$) of exciton condensation in a symmetric bilayer of quadratically dispersing electrons and holes by solving the linearized Eliashberg equations for the anomalous interlayer Green's functions. We find that $T_c$ is finite for the range of density and layer separations studied, decaying exponentially with interlayer separation. $T_c$ is suppressed well below that predicted by a Hartree Fock mean field theory with unscreened Coulomb interaction, but is above the estimates from the statically screened Coulomb interaction. Furthermore, using a diagrammatic framework, we show that the system is always an exciton condensate at zero temperature but $T_c$ is exponentially small for large interlayer separation.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Steam sterilization of laparoscopic instruments.

Because of the intricate internal parts of laparoscopic instruments, questions have been raised about the efficacy of cleaning and sterilization techniques. To assess these risks, hamburger meat was inoculated with high concentrations of vegetative pathogens and packed into laparoscopic cannulas. All openings of the cannulas were sealed during steam sterilization cycles ranging from 3 to 10 min in different experiments; cultures were obtained after cooling. Experiments were then performed using heat-resistant spore forms. Our studies showed that both the standard 10-min cycle and the 3-min "flash" were uniformly successful in killing all pathogenic microorganisms. A 7-min steam sterilization was necessary to kill spores within sealed cannulas. We conclude that a standard 10-min cycle within the steam autoclave provides complete sterilization of laparoscopic instruments; the 3-min "flash" sterilization is appropriate and safe for instruments that have been inadvertently contaminated or dropped during a surgical procedure.

Topic: Medical Device Sterilization and Disinfection
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences