jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
L’INTÉGRATION AFRICAINE FACE AU RÉGIONALISME : ÉTAT DES LIEUX, DÉFIS ET PERSPECTIVES

The African continent, long on the fringes of history, after more than half a century of independence, continues to ask questions about its future. After having missed the appointment of development and then that of globalization, the time has come, in this context of integration, since it is not necessary to reinvent the wheel, for Africa to assume and to take off. There is nothing new, the European experiences of integration, enriched by centuries of world domination and nourished by years of planetary conflicts, constitute a boon of theories and doctrines in the light of the current processes of integration. The proximity of cultures, values and history is a major player in the sharing of customs. In order to constitute its own model, the culmination of African integration is the genius of the synthesis resulting from the dialectic between its tradition and Western modernity. This is an effective approach to overcoming regionalism on African soil for integration on a continental scale.

Topic: Global Politics and Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 282510 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Lanius senator Linnaeus, 1758" ] } The dataset includes 282510 records from 658 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012100-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Historical Studies in Latin America
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
NAVIGATING INTRAOCULAR BARRIERS AND FORMULATION STRATEGIES IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY

Ocular distinct obstacles because of the eye's intricate structure limitations. In effective treatment results and patient non-compliance are frequently the result administration's of inability therapeutic concentrations in the target tissues. The development of ocular medication administration is examined in this chapter, with particular attention paid to the removal of intraocular obstacles, creative formulation techniques, and the possibility of occuserts as a promising delivery mechanism.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of the relationship between cytomegalovirus replication and acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Introduction: It is controversial that cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication is a cause of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).The aim of this study is to evaluate whether CMV replication causes acute GVHD development or not. Materials and methods:The study is retrospective.Patients diagnosed with acute GVHD with a prior history of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) were included in the study.All the included patients were followed-up in the bone marrow transplantation unit between 01/01/2013-10/31/2019.As the control group, patients without a history of acute GVHD after allo-HCT were included.The data of patients with acute GVHD after allo-HCT and patients with out known acute GVHD were compared.Results: Fifty nine patients with acute GVHD and 178 patients without acute GVHD after allo-HCT were included in the study.Sixteen of the patients with acute GVHD were female and 43 were male.Sixty two of the patients without acute GVHD were female and 116 were male.The average CMV-DNA level was found as 1871.0 [821.0-16720.0]copies/ml in patients who had CMV replication in the acute GVHD group.On the other hand, the average of CMV-DNA level was found as 1607.5 [601.0-119181.0]copies/ml in the non-acute GVHD group.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.Discussion: CMV replication does not seem to contribute to acute GVHD development after allo-HCT.Suppression of CMV replication may not prevent acute GVHD development.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Voltage recovery influence on three‐phase grid‐connected inverters under voltage sags

Faults in power systems cause voltage sags, which, in turn, provoke large current peaks in grid‐connected equipment. Then, a complete knowledge of the inverter behaviour is needed to meet fault ride‐through capability. The aim of this study is to propose a mathematical model that describes the behaviour of the currents that a three‐phase inverter with RL filter injects to a faulty grid with symmetrical and unsymmetrical voltage sags. The voltage recovery process is considered, i.e. the fault is assumed to be cleared in the successive zero‐cross instants of the fault current. It gives rise to a voltage recovery in different steps (discrete voltage sag), which differs from the usual model in the literature, where the voltage recovers instantaneously (abrupt voltage sag). The analytical model shows that the fault‐clearing process has a strong influence on the injected currents. Different sag durations and depths have also been considered, showing that there exist critical values for these magnitudes, which provoke the highest current peaks. The analytical study is validated through simulations in MATLAB TM and through experimental results.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interface formation between hydrogen terminated Si(111) and amorphous hydrogenated carbon (<i>a</i>-C:H)

In the last few years heterostructures consisting of a-C:H on top of crystalline silicon have revealed a number of interesting properties for electronic applications, for example, as a photodiode (see Ref. 1) or, very recently, as cold cathode electron emitter (see Ref. 2). For those applications the interface properties of the heterostructure play a key role. In this article the electronic and chemical nature of the interface between plasma deposited a-C:H in the form of diamondlike carbon (DLC) and hydrogen terminated silicon (111) was determined by in situ core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopy. The quantitative analysis of core level shifts and intensities indicate that both, an interface layer of mixed composition and a pure a-C:H layer, grow simultaneously with relative growth rates of 2:1 during the initial stages of the interface formation. The interface layer is first carbon rich and then approaches stoichiometric composition which is reached at an interface thickness of 18 Å. Then a reactive SiC interface is completed and acts as a diffusion barrier which prevents further extension of the interface region when the deposition of a-C:H proceeds. Aside from an acceptor passivation of the Si substrate, due to H atoms from the plasma, no overlayer induced band bending is measured. The valence band offset between Si and DLC is determined as 0.7±0.1 eV with the valence band edge of DLC below that of silicon.

Topic: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using knowledge graphs for audio retrieval: a case study on copyright infringement detection

Abstract Identifying cases of intellectual property violation in multimedia files poses significant challenges for the Internet infrastructure, especially when dealing with extensive document collections. Typically, techniques used to tackle such issues can be categorized into either of two groups: proactive and reactive approaches. This article introduces an approach combining both proactive and reactive solutions to remove illegal uploads on a platform while preventing legal uploads or modified versions of audio tracks, such as parodies, remixes or further types of edits. To achieve this, we have developed a rule-based focused crawler specifically designed to detect copyright infringement on audio files coupled with a visualization environment that maps the retrieved data on a knowledge graph to represent information extracted from audio files. Our system automatically scans multimedia files that are uploaded to a public collection when a user submits a search query, performing an audio information retrieval task only on files deemed legal. We present experimental results obtained from tests conducted by performing user queries on a large music collection, a subset of 25,000 songs and audio snippets obtained from the Free Music Archive library. The returned audio tracks have an associated Similarity Score, a metric we use to determine the quality of the adversarial searches executed by the system. We then proceed with discussing the effectiveness and efficiency of different settings of our proposed system. Graphical abstract

Topic: Music and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biological functions and therapeutic potential of acylation by histone acetyltransferases

Histone lysine acylation is a major class of histone post-translational modifications involved in essential biological activities, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage repair, and cell-cycle progression. Abnormal acylation is strongly associated with various diseases, such as cancer. Thus, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), the “writers” that catalyze histone acylation, are promising targets for cancer treatment. Rapid developments in structural biology and artificial intelligence have facilitated the development of drugs targeting HATs. To provide new ideas for exploring novel HAT modifiers with high efficiency and selectivity, this article reviews the relationships between acylation and diseases, illustrates HAT catalytic mechanisms through structural biology, and summarizes research progress in HAT modifiers.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of physiological responses and production performance of spiny lobster with different density treatments in floating net cage

Abstract The weak in survival rates and low productivity of spiny lobster are influenced by stock density. Thus it is necessary to find the optimum stock density to minimize stress levels and increase productivity. This study was consisted of 2 treatments, consisting of a 25 individuals/m2 and 50 individuals/m2 with a sheltered environment. The research analysis used descriptive analysis. The lowest stress levels was found in treatment of 25 lobsters/m2 (cortisol 1.17±0.14 nmol/L and glucose level 8.34±0.5 mg/dL) and the highest weight gain (26.29±1.69%) as well as the specific growth rate (0.77±0.014%). However, the highest value of survival rate of spiny lobsters (95±0.03%) with lowest specific growth and weight gain was found in 50 lobsters/m2 treatments.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gendering Health Human Resource Policy and Management

Over recent years, health human resources (HHR) have rapidly moved up on the policy agenda in most countries. International organizations like the World Health Organization, the United Nations and the European Union have all drawn attention to a dramatic future shortage of health human resources in all areas of the world and called for urgent action (Commission of the European Communities, 2008; Kampala Declaration, 2008; WHO, 2006). Shortages and inefficient use of existing skills together with changes in the composition of the health professional workforce by age, gender and citizenship have created a need for more systematic policy interventions and new forms of health human resource management. Yet health policy reforms and scholarly debate over how to manage health human resources more effectively have largely ignored the fact that the healthcare division of labour is structured by gender, and that any change in the sector is imbued with complex gender dynamics.

Topic: Global Health Workforce Issues
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Frequency of Incidental Findings and Outcome Measures in Patients Admitted to an Urban Level I Trauma Center

Background: With the advancement in availability and sophistication of computed tomography (CT), a number of patients are being identified with incidental abnormalities or "incidentalomas". The purpose of this descriptive analysis is to describe the prevalence of abnormal findings unrelated to injury recognized during trauma evaluation at a Level I Trauma Center and determine if appropriate follow-up occurred.\nMethods: A retrospective cohort analysis of all head, spine, face, chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scan reports in adult patients admitted to a Level I urban Trauma Center over a three month period was undertaken to determine the frequency of incidental findings and subsequent follow-up either in the acute care or outpatient setting.\nResults: A total of 500 consecutive patients received 3,460 CT scans with an average of 6.9 scans per person per admission. The population was predominantly male (71 %) with a mean age of 45 years. Incidentalomas were found in 65% of patients (325/500) yielding 760 individual findings. The most common incidentaloma involved degenerative spine disease in 50% followed by liver, head and neck, kidney, and other diagnoses. Further follow-up was recommended in 80 radiology reports with 27 of those indicating future follow-up. Twenty-six diagnostic studies and ten specialist consultations subsequently occurred.\nDiscussion: Incidentalomas are becoming increasingly common with the utilization of sensitive scanning by computed tomography. Our findings are consistent with those of other studies that have determined the frequency of the incidentaloma. We also encountered similar challenges regarding incomplete follow-up of those patients needing systematic follow-up. Several issues impending adequate follow-up probable in our population include, lack of insurance, transportation, or other social situations encountered in the trauma population as well as inconsistencies in staff communication, recommendations, and adequate description of findings.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reflecting on medical liability in Colombia

To the Editor: It is extremely satisfactory from the professional perspective, to see the results of the efforts made to fill part of the information gap that exists in the area of medical professional liability in Colombia. This has led to a judicious reflection from different perspectives. Such is the case of Ms. González - attorney at law - who in her article “Medical liability. Reflection on the expert's opinion”,1 contributes with additional conceptual considerations to continue to make headway at the political, legislative, educational and transformative level of Colombian culture, in search for the best professional practices in medicine, in order to secure the best level of health for everyone. However, it must be acknowledged that the motivations and the processes for filing a professional liability claim are usually based on ignorance on the part of society as a whole, disregarding the motives, the scope and the results of the practice of medicine over a disrupted mind or a sick body. From this approach, medical doctors are called to use every possible opportunity in their professional activities to provide clear and relevant information to patients and to the community as a whole, in addition to discussing the rights and duties of both the Moreover, every citizen is entitled to receive appropriate legal guidance to express his/her own needs and wants with the participation of attorneys; and the judicial and health care sectors should receive relevant feedback from the information gathered as a result of the cases managed, as mentioned in the article previously published.2 Conflict of interest None. Financing: Research project 708 Scientific Research and Technological Development Division, National Insitute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences.

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Extensive study of magneto-optical and optical properties of Cd1−xMnxTe between 675 and 1025 nm

We determine Faraday rotations and measure the optical reflection and transmission from magneto-optical Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with various stoichiometric ratios. For wavelengths between 675 and 1025 nm, we derive Verdet constants, optical loss coefficients, and the complex indices of reflection that are relevant measures to find suitable stoichiometric ratios of Cd1−xMnxTe for the realization of miniaturized optical isolators. By reflection and transmission measurements, we determine the stoichiometric ratios of several different Cd1−xMnxTe crystals and discuss the observed dependence of the optical properties on the stoichiometric ratio with respect to their use in optical isolators. Finally, we show the relevant figure of merit, i.e., the ratio of Verdet constants and optical loss coefficients for Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with Mn contents ranging from x = 0.14 to x = 0.50.

Topic: Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ROTARY INSTRUMENTS IN ENDODONTICS- A REVIEW

Rotary instrumentation with NiTi has proven to be a valid and science-based modality, with many dental schools already incorporating the concept, into their predoctoral curriculum. Instrumentation is a highly significant aspect to root canal therapy whose importance has been stressed by many workers. Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved and greater appreciation of limitations of rotary instrument design currently available indicate that there is a continuing need for meticulous care and thoroughness in this stage of treatment. This explosive development of new technology in endodontic therapy, establishing its presence in the clinical domains of some of dentistry's harshest skeptics, as well as innovative solutions to previously unanswered questions, will continue at an exponential rate well into the next millennium.The latest rotary instrumentations for performing endodontics have elevated the specialty to a level of sophistication never before attain. The future of endodontics looks bright, promising and exciting.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies

Abstract What should be taken into account when language policies are developed? It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize universities. However, while the notion of ‘inhabitance’ has been central to the #MustFall protests, it has not been considered from the position of language and language policy. This paper reflects on institution-wide language policy conversations at a South African university arguing to shift attention from the orientations we take to language in language policy, to how policies “orient” (Ahmed 2007) bodies in university spaces. This paper seeks to add to the conversation in the South African Higher Education space in anticipation of the implementation of the new Language Policy for Higher Education (2020).

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Low back pain prevalence amongst industrial workers in the private sector in Oyo State, Nigeria.

A cross sectional study was conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in industrial workers and the association between certain job--related tasks and the prevalence of low back pain. Data on 515 males and 89 females who were workers in the selected industries in the private sector in Ibadan City Oyo State Nigeria were collected using a self administered questionnaire and analyzed. The point prevalence of LBP in the workers was 59.7 percent while a 12 month prevalence of LBP was 59.5 percent. Job activities which involved sitting (P=0.03) and lifting (P=0.006) were significantly associated with occurrence of low back pain respectively while those which involved standing (P=0.61) and vibration (P=0.12) were not associated with the occurrence of LBP among the workers. Physical exercise or lack of it was not associated with LBP (P=0.96). Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption (P=0.80), cigarette smoking (P=0.92) and tobacco snuff taking (P=0.26) were not associated with occurrence of LBP. In conclusion, the job related tasks that predisposed the industrial workers to low back pain included sitting and lifting activities while those of standing and vibration did not have any significant effect on the prevalence of LBP.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cotunneling suppression in a hybrid single-electron transistor by a dissipative electromagnetic environment

We study electron transport through a hybrid single-electron transistor, consisting of a superconducting island and normal-metal electrodes, in the Coulomb blockade regime. We derive analytic expressions for the elastic and inelastic cotunneling currents, which exhibit power law suppression induced by the dissipative electromagnetic environment. The results can be used to improve the accuracy of hybrid devices employed in electrical metrology and for noise measurements in quantum information processing.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Replacement of 2′-Deoxycytidine by 2′-Deoxycytidine Analogues in the <i>E. coli</i> Genome

Several modified bases have been observed in the genomic DNA of bacteriophages, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes that play a role in restriction systems and/or epigenetic regulation. In our efforts to understand the consequences of replacing a large fraction of a canonical nucleoside with a modified nucleoside, we previously replaced around 75% of thymidine (T) with 5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5hmU) in the Escherichia coli genome. In this study, we engineered the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway using T4 bacteriophage genes to achieve approximately 63% replacement of 2'-deoxycytidine (dC) with 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5hmC) in the E. coli genome and approximately 71% replacement in plasmids. We further engineered the glucose metabolic pathway to transform the 5hmC into glucosyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-gmC) and achieved 20% 5-gmC in the genome and 45% 5-gmC in plasmid DNA.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences