jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Medical Device Software Risk Management Process by ISO 14971 in compliance with Agile Principles

The development of medical device software is strictly regulated by competent authorities. In addition to producing significant medical benefits, the medical device software can be a potential source of serious safety hazard to patients or healthcare professionals. The International Standard ISO 14971 was created to minimize the risks related to treatment of patients with the medical devices. \n\nAlthough agile software development has become a widely used method for developing software products, medical device manufacturers and regulators have been uncertain whether these practices are appropriate for the regulated environment. The purpose of this thesis is to research similarities and differences between ISO 14971 risk management process and agile principles. Furthermore, the aim is also to provide guidance and produce practical ideas for the implementation of the risk management process that meets the regulatory requirements and follows agile values and principles. \n\nThe risk management standard ISO 14971 was thoroughly analyzed in order to find all process requirements. Similarly, the agile practices were studied through the Agile Manifesto and other essential resources of the field. The synthesis of the two concepts was produced based on the information gathered. \n\nThe ideas produced in the research are presented as an example development process model which can be used as a reference implementation. The relatively high abstraction level of the model secures the generalizability of the research. \n\nWhen designing the risk management process implementation, it is essential to thoroughly understand the goals and principles of the regulatory framework. By following the guidance and instructions provided in this thesis, medical device software manufacturers should be able to create the applicable risk management process and to claim conformity to ISO 19471.

Topic: Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A robot that walks; emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network

The author describes a carefully designed series of networks, each one being a strict augmentation of the previous one, which control a six-legged walking machine capable of walking over rough terrain and following a person passively sensed in the infrared spectrum. As the completely decentralized networks are augmented, the robot's performance and behavior repertoire demonstrably improve. The rationale for such demonstrations is that they can help identify requirements for automatically building massive networks to carry out complex sensory-motor tasks. The experiments with an actual robot ensure that an essence reality is maintained and that no critical disabling problems have been ignored. The present work is based on the drawing of analogies between evolution in the animal world and robotic evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Robotic Locomotion and Control
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using Diffusion Reconstruction of Banana Paths with Near Infrared Prostatoscope Analyzer

Optical spectroscopy and imaging using near-infrared light provide powerful tools for non-invasive screening and clinical detection of diseased tissues located on surface, subsurface and even in the areas of deep organs. This chapter reviews and provides a noninvasive optical imaging technique for detecting and 3D-locating cancerous sites in prostate from viewing through the rectum. It presents an optical imaging using independent component analysis (OPTICA)-based inverse image reconstruction algorithm specifically for the application of backscattering configuration. The 3D locations of small piece of Cytate-stained cancerous prostate tissue hidden inside the large host normal prostate tissue were used to verify our new OPTICA algorithm by sets of 2D backscattering images recorded by our specifically developed prostatoscope analyzer scanning imaging unit. The algorithm of OPTICA is based on that ICA of the perturbations in the spatial intensity distributions provides the corresponding independent intensity distributions on the detector planes.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The block planning approach: A case study application from the beverage industry

Block planning is a specific concept for the development of production schedules based on the definition of setup families and the production of product variants in a pre-defined sequence. In process industries, e.g. in the production of beverages, there is often a natural sequence in which the various products are to be produced in order to minimize total changeover time and to maintain product quality standards. In this type of industry, the predominant type of production system is ¿make-and-pack¿, i.e. the final bottling and packaging lines determine the output rate of the entire production system. A mixed-integer linear optimization (MILP) model is proposed that determines the size and the time phasing of the individual production lots while observing capacity constraints of the various production lines and assuring the coverage of daily demand elements.

Topic: Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Application of Digital Technology and the Learning Characteristics of Gen Z in Institutes of Teacher Education

Research on Institutes of Teacher Education is essential, as these institutions shape future educators who will influence the next generation of learners. This study examines how digital technology impacts teacher trainees in teacher education programs, providing critical insights into improving teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and instructional strategies. A quantitative survey research design was employed, involving 215 teacher trainees from the Institute of Teacher Education Ilmu Khas Campus, selected through simple random sampling. The findings reveal that Gen Z teacher trainees exhibit a strong preference for rapid knowledge acquisition (Mean = 4.07), visually engaging content (Mean = 4.00), and technology-driven learning experiences (Mean = 3.91). Correlation analysis using Pearson’s method highlights a significant positive relationship between fast knowledge acquisition and extensive use of social media (r = 0.535, p &lt; .01), indicating that social media plays a crucial role in facilitating quick access to information. Additionally, a moderate correlation exists between preference for visual content and desire for entertainment in learning (r = 0.399, p &lt; .01), emphasizing the importance of interactive, multimedia-based instructional materials. The results suggest that teacher education programs should integrate visually rich, interactive, and technology-enhanced learning strategies while maintaining current pedagogical approaches to cater to diverse learning preferences. By leveraging digital tools effectively, future educators can develop the necessary competencies to integrate technology seamlessly into their teaching practices, enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.

Topic: Education and Learning Interventions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Newer pharmacologic approaches targeting receptors and genes

Introduction The term "peripheral arterial disease" (PAD) covers a multitude of disorders involving arterial beds exclusive of the coronary arteries. There are numerous pathophysiologic processes that could contribute to the creation of stenoses or aneurysms of the noncoronary arterial circulation. Atherosclerosis represents the leading disease process affecting the aorta and its branch arteries. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who have PAD have been shown to have worse short-and long-term outcomes compared to patients without PAD (1-3). This chapter will cover pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic therapies for PAD involving lower extremities.

Topic: Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Everyone Loves Live Music: A Theory of Performance Institutions

Introduction. The Social Study of Musical Performance Institutions -- Conceptualizing Musical Performance Culture Clubs in Everyday Urban Life -- The Social Study of Music in Cities -- The Commercial Institutionalization of Rock Clubs in New York -- How Did Institutionalization Evolve in Europe? : Music Festivals in the Summer Season -- A Worldview History of Music Festivals -- The Evolution of Anglophone Global Culture -- Three Industry Evolutions That Changed Festival Culture -- New Media, New Festival Worlds

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD 10p5U-AD01-07-NF #164027.1

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Energy Load and Power Forecasting
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spherical Charge Analysis with Ab Initio Wave Functions: Modified Oxidation Number of Open Shell Molecule, CH2

Abstract Spherical charge analysis based on the difference of spherically averaged electron density (Δρ0(R)) was extended to various open shell states of CH2 using wave functions obtained from RHF, UHF, and full CI calculations. The Δρ0(R) values around C and H atoms were calculated with natural orbitals to interpret the oxidation state of component atoms for the lowest and second lowest 3B1 and 1A1 states. Modified oxidation numbers are assigned systematically to the component atoms in CH2 based on the extended Δρ0(R) analysis. The effect of electron correlation on the Δρ0(R) values around the nucleus in this system was found to be so small that the modified oxidation numbers are not changed by fair introduction of electron correlation effect into the calculation. The difference of spin multiplicity and state symmetry on the Δρ0(R) curves is also discussed.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Poly-rho Test as a Tool for Screening Explosive Performance

A screening test was developed that can be used to decide if a new synthesized/formulated explosive might warrant further development. The test consists of a rate stick composed of 12.7 mm diameter by 12.7 mm high pellets of different densities ordered from lowest to highest, with ignition occurring at the low‐density end of the stick. This “Poly‐rho” test yields detonation velocities over a range of densities using only the small amount of the explosive typically generated by the synthetic organic chemist at an early stage of the scale‐up process. The amount of material required is far less than that required for the typical rate stick series. Poly‐rho tests on two explosives commonly used at Los Alamos National Laboratory, PBX 9501 and PBX 9502, were conducted and the results compared with empirical detonation‐theory predictions and others’ explosive experiments. There was good agreement in both cases.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tensions and Trade-offs in Planning and Policymaking for Transit-Oriented Development, Transit, and Active Transport in California Cities

Author(s): Barbour, Elisa; Jin, Janet; Goldsmith, Emma; Grover, Salvador; Martinez, Jacqueline; Handy, Susan | Abstract: This report provides research findings from the second year of a two-year research project on patterns of local policymaking in California to support transit-oriented development (TOD), transit, and active transport. Through survey research and case studies, the project assessed motivations, perceived obstacles, and priorities for development near transit, in relation to patterns of local policy adoption, from the perspective of city planners in the state’s four largest regions: the San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Sacramento metropolitan areas. The second research phase based on case study analysis identified tensions and trade-offs in policy “packaging” to support TOD in six large and five smaller cities in the same regions.View the NCST Project Webpage

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of B site ions on the relaxor to normal ferroelectric transition crossover in Ba4Sm2Zr4(NbxTa1-x)6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics

Effects of B site ions on the relaxor to normal ferroelectric crossover in Ba4Sm2Zr4(NbxTa1-x)6O30 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1) tungsten bronze ceramics were investigated. The tetragonal tungsten bronze structure in space group P4/mbm was confirmed for compositions of x = 0, 0.3, and 0.5, while space group P4bm was confirmed for compositions of x = 0.7, 0.9, and 1. With the increasing Nb content in the B site, the dielectric properties showed a crossover from the relaxor to normal ferroelectric behavior, accompanied with the disappearance of frequency dispersion, increased ferroelectric transition temperature, and larger dielectric constant value. The room temperature Raman spectra for compositions of x = 0 and x = 1 showed different vibration modes of the oxygen octahedral, and the temperature dependence of the integrated intensity of Raman bands indicated the different structural transition process. Unlike the effects of A site ions, the onset of the relaxor/normal ferroelectric behavior of Ba4Sm2Zr4(NbxTa1-x)6O30 was mainly caused by the different electron configuration of Nb and Ta.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Visual cue-specific craving is diminished in stressed smokers

Findings indicate when smokers are stressed, visual cues have little additive effect on craving, and different types of visual cues elicit comparable craving. These findings may imply that once stressed, smokers will crave cigarettes comparably notwithstanding whether they are exposed to smoking image cues.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacological Characterization of Synthetic Kratom Alkaloids for Improved Alcohol Use Disorder Therapeutics

Background Kratom is an opioid‐containing plant and currently a federally unscheduled substance within the U.S. that is used to self‐medicate chronic pain and opioid dependence, serving as a substitute for illicit and prescription opioids. Similarly, some individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) find kratom helpful in reducing AUD dependence and withdrawal symptoms. We have previously shown that the kratom alkaloids can dose‐dependently decrease alcohol consumption in mice, and that this activity is dependent on delta opioid receptor (DOR) expression. However, the most potent of the alkaloids 7‐OH mitragynine, exhibited rewarding properties, presumably due to its mu opioid receptor (MOR) pharmacology. We hypothesized that reduction of MOR potency relative to potency at DOR would lead to an improved therapeutic window with respect to reward liability and alcohol consumption. Methods A series of kratom analogs were pharmacologically characterized for their ability to bind to opioid receptors and elicit G‐protein and beta‐arrestin signaling using radioligand binding and cellular signaling assays. Using the 2‐bottle choice assay of 10% alcohol consumption, wildtype and DOR knockout (DOR KO) mice were used to assess to what degree the kratom alkaloids could reduce alcohol use, and whether any effects were DOR‐mediated. Drug reward was also assessed through conditioned place preference experiments. Results Kratom analogs are G‐protein‐biased at the opioid receptors, similar to their parent compounds. Kratom analog #2 showed the most favorable pharmacology with similar DOR potency but greatly reduced MOR potency compared to 7‐OH mitragynine, and was capable of significantly decreasing ethanol consumption in wildtype mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg. CPP experiments and experiments with DOR KO mice are currently being completed for kratom analog #2 and will be useful in confirming DOR‐mediated effects and whether the improved pharmacological profile of the analogs confers therapeutic benefits. Discussion Our results indicate that the development of potent, DOR‐selective opioids could provide a pathway to treat alcohol use without being significantly rewarding, and that the kratom alkaloids provide useful scaffolds to jumpstart these efforts.

Topic: Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Validation of RNase Protection Assay for Black Seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) Growth Hormone Receptor mRNA

Objective To develop a specific RNase Protection Assay to measure black seabream growth hormone (GH) receptor mRNA. Methods GH receptor cDNA fragment of black seabream was subcloned in pGEM|T vector. Then a specific antisense GH receptor RNA probe with radioactivity was prepared to hybridize with sense GH receptor RNA and total RNA from tissues of black seabream respectively. After hybridized solutions were treated with RnaseA/RNAseT1, the protected double strand hybridized RNAs could be detected by Autoradiogram and radioactivity counting. Results A specific RNase Protection Assay to measure black seabream GH receptor mRNA was developed. GH receptor mRNA were detected in brain, liver, kidney, muscle, gonad, gut and gill of black seabream, with highest level in liver. The results of GH receptor mRNA distribution were accorded with our previous results by GH Radioreceptor Assay in black seabream. Conclusion We can study the molecular mechanism of endocrine regulation by the specific RNase Protection Assay in black seabream GH receptor.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Celioscopy under local anesthesia for collecting oocytes for in vitro fertilization].

Since 1960, laparoscopy under local anaesthesia has been gradually abandoned in France and until now oocytes for in vitro fertilization were collected under general anaesthesia, thus increasing the risk of allergic reactions to anaesthesia in these patients who usually undergo several operations. From February to May, 1983, at the Antoine Béclère Maternity, Paris, 50 laparoscopies were performed under local anaesthesia with lidocaine combined with neuroleptanalgesia with diazepam and fentanyl. The procedure was uneventful in 94% of the cases and only 3 women required general anaesthesia. At least one mature oocyte was collected in 46 of these 50 women and 4 pregnancies have already been recorded. Local anaesthesia enables the woman to participate fully in this first stage of in vitro fertilization, increases the out-patient activities of the hospital unit and reduces the cost of in vitro fertilization.

Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Type of X‐Ray and Electron Diffuse Scattering and Corresponding Strain Contrast on Electron Microscopic Images

Abstract A kinematic theory is developed for electron elastic diffuse scattering by static distortions, caused by coherent particles in the new phase. It is suggested that the lattice of the new phase differs from the matrix lattice in an arbitrary way. The theory is valid in cases when the matrix and the particles are elastically anisotropic and possess equal moduli. The values of the elastic displacements determining the diffuse scattering are obtained from anisotropic elasticity theory. The isodiffuse surface cross‐sections of the reciprocal lattice planes are calculated for the anisotropic ageing alloy CuBe and the isotropic alloy TaO. These alloys show the precipitation of tetragonal and rhombic phases respectively. The isodiffuse surface sections are in good agreement with the structure of the reciprocal lattice points, obtained on the diffraction patterns; the scattering in these cases also differs considerably from Huang scattering which arises when particles are dilatation centres. A kinematic theory is also developed for the strain contrast caused by the distortions in a solution due to the new phase particles. When the particles are not only centres of dilatation but also centres of an arbitrary deformation, the strain contrast differs from Ashby contrast to the same extent as the diffuse scattering differs from Huang scattering. A comparison is made between the contrast calculated theoretically and that obtained on the micrographs of the alloy TaO.

Topic: Composite Material Mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Working together, sharing the burden

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Summary</h3> Biomolecules shift their structures as a function of temperature and concentrations of protons, ions, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. These transitions impact or underlie biological function and are being monitored at increasingly high throughput. For example, folding transitions for large collections of RNAs can now be monitored at single residue resolution by chemical mapping techniques. LIkelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LIFFT) quantifies these data through well-defined thermodynamic models. LIFFT implements a Bayesian framework that takes into account data at all measured residues and enables visual assessment of modeling uncertainties that can be overlooked in least-squares fits. The framework is appropriate for multimodal techniques ranging from chemical mapping including multi-wavelength spectroscopy. <h3>Availability</h3> Freely available MATLAB package at https://ribokit.stanford.edu/LIFFT/. <h3>Contact</h3> rhiju@stanford.edu <h3>Supplementary information</h3> Supplementary data are available at <i>Bioinformatics</i> online.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences