jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Observational Study of the Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Complications After Children’s Heart Surgery

IMPORTANCE: Epidemiological studies have highlighted disparities in illnesses and outcomes for critically unwell children. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe social characteristics and explore links with the outcome of postoperative complications with children’s heart surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter observational dataset including those under 17 years old undergoing heart surgery from October 2015 to June 2017 at five U.K. children’s cardiac centers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Univariate and multivariable multinomial regression analyses were undertaken for the outcome of predefined postoperative complications. RESULTS: Of 2898 cases meeting criteria, 2708 had complete data. Two thousand one hundred three (77.66%) had no complications, 369 (13.62%) had a single complication, 56 (2.06%) received Extracorporeal Life Support, and 179 (6.61%) had multiple complications. Children residing in low deprivation neighborhoods were under-represented: lowest quintile 361 (13.33%). Minoritized ethnic group was strongly linked to indices of deprivation: residence in neighborhoods with highest deprivation occurred with Bangladeshi, Black African, and Pakistani ethnicity and lowest deprivation with White ethnicities. Adjusted for clinical risk factors compared with the reference group (White), patients from Asian background had a significantly higher risk of developing single vs. no complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00–2.32) and Black patients had a higher risk of developing multiple vs. no complications (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.09–4.41). Among single complications, Asian children had a higher risk of developing feeding issues (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.13–3.28). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation may be linked to greater risk of certain complications after pediatric cardiac surgery. Further exploration of inequities is needed in this population.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Heritage Language Learners and Technology-Mediated Learning

This chapter provides an overview of how adult heritage language learners engage with technology-mediated instruction, with a particular focus on task-based language teaching. A key argument is the relevant role that heritage language learners’ prior language experience plays when they interact in virtual courses as well as in technology-mediated task-based instructional contexts. A summary of up-to-date findings is discussed to begin shedding light into heritage language learners’ response to technology-mediated instruction and to address future lines of research in this area.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
critical study of Tafsir Al-Manar (interpretation of the Holy Quran) regarding the miracles of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) and Prophet Moses (PBUH)

The role of Intellect or Aql in the interpretation of the Holy Quran has been greatly considered by Islamic scholars through history. Some past and contemporary scholars have attempted to interpret the Quran using reason, such as Tafsir Al-Manar (the interpretation of the Holy Quran) written by Mohammad Rashid Rida. Since the perception of Muhammad Rashid Rida and his teacher Muhammad Abduh regarding the prophets’ miracles are different from many commentators, it is important to examine Al-Manar’s interpretive concerning the miracles of prophets including Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and Prophet Moses (AS). This article examines Tafsir Al-Manar with a descriptive-analytical method in order to assess the accuracy of Muhammad Abduh’s and Rashid Rida’s comments. In examining Mohammad Rashid Rida’s point of view, we found that his rational interpretations are inconsistent with the Quran’s appearance, Shiite and Sunni commentators. The interpretations also lack attention to the purpose of the story. The denial in their interpretations indicate their improper use of a rational interpretative method, which otherwise, would not have led to the denial of the prophets’ miracles.

Topic: Qur’anic Interpretation Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Improving the Study of History in the Higher School

Abstract Soviet historians are preparing for their conference. A broad discussion of topical problems in scientific and educational work has unfolded in the history departments of higher educational institutions. A series of comments are being made in the course of this discussion on the organization of the training of historians, and suggestions for improving curriculums are being put forth. The editors [of Vestnik vysshei shkoly] acquaint the readers with several comments and proposals — debatable in part — by publishing articles by V. V. Mavrodin, A. A. Benediktov, and V. G. Tiukavkin.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Darwin; Charles Darwin: A New Life; Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence; One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought

Darwin; Charles Darwin: A New Life; Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence; One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought Get access Darwin.— A. Desmond and J. Moore. 1992. Warner, New York. 832 pp. $35.00 (Britain: 1991. Michael Joseph, London. 808 pp. £20.00).Charles Darwin: A New Life.— J. Bowlby. 1991. W. W. Norton, New York. xiv + 511 pp. $24.95.Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence.— P. J. Bowler. 1990, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, England, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. xii + 250 pp. $21.95.One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought.— E. Mayr. 1991. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xv + 195 pp. $19.95 (Britain: 1992. Viking Press, London. £17.99). G. Nelson G. Nelson American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York10024, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 41, Issue 3, September 1992, Pages 397–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/41.3.397 Published: 01 September 1992

Topic: Evolution and Science Education
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Localization of functionally important genome regions of the Galleria mellonella l. nuclear polyhedrosis virus on the physical map of the vipal genome

На BamHI-карте генома вируса ядерного полиэдроза большой вощинной моли с помощью EcoRI найдены два участка, где расположены нуклеотидные последовательности, способные выполнять роль ori-района в эукариотических клетках. На той же карте локализован EcoRI-фрагмент вирусного генома, который в опытах авторов играл роль промотора в прокариотической системе.

Topic: Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microwave properties of materials with dolomite and ilmenite structures

Frequency dependences of transmission and reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves are experimentally studied at frequencies ranging from 12 to 38 GHz. It is demonstrated that dolomite and corundum samples exhibit relatively low reflectances and absorbances in several spectral intervals. The results of microwave measurements are compared with the structural state and phase composition of the samples.

Topic: Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular studies of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis patients in Ethiopia

Neisseria meningitidis infections in sub-Saharan Africa usually present with distinct symptoms of meningitis but very rarely as fulminant septicemia when reaching hospitals. In Europe, development of persistent meningococcal shock and multiple organ failure occurs in up to 30% of patients and is associated with a bacterial load of &gt;10 6 /ml plasma or serum. We have prospectively studied 27 Ethiopian patients with meningococcal infection as diagnosed and quantified with real-time PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. All presented with symptoms of meningitis and none with fulminant septicemia. The median N. meningitidis copy number (NmDNA) in serum was &lt; 3.5 × 10 3 /ml, never exceeded 1.8 × 10 5 /ml, and was always 10–1000 times higher in CSF than in serum. The levels of LPS in CSF as determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay were positively correlated to NmDNA copy number ( r = 0.45, P = 0.030), levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist, ( r = 0.46, P = 0.017), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9; r = 0.009). We also compared the inflammatory profiles of 19 mediators in CSF of the 26 meningococcal patients (2 died and 2 had immediate severe sequelae) with 16 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (3 died and 3 with immediate severe sequelae). Of 19 inflammatory mediators tested, 9 were significantly higher in patients with pneumococcal meningitis and possibly linked to worse outcome.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Presence of Clostridium difficile and antibiotic and beta-lactamase activities in feces of volunteers treated with oral cefixime, oral cefpodoxime proxetil, or placebo

Three groups of six healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to a treatment with 400 mg of oral cefpodoxime proxetil, oral cefixime, or placebo per day for 10 days. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Clostridium difficile was not detected in the feces of any subject before treatment or at any time in the subjects in the placebo group. C. difficile was, however, detected in all subjects treated with cefpodoxime proxetil and in five of six treated with cefixime. Genomic DNA restriction patterns showed that the strains of C. difficile differed from one volunteer to another. Two subjects both shed different strains at different times during the 25-day surveillance period. All isolates were resistant to cefixime and cefpodoxime (MIC for 90% of strains, 256 and 512 mg/liter, respectively). Antibiotic activity was found in the feces of one volunteer treated with cefpodoxime proxetil and of four volunteers treated with cefixime. It was inversely correlated with the presence of fecal beta-lactamase activity. Intestinal side effects were limited to modifications of stool consistency, which occurred in only 3 of the 12 treated volunteers and did not lead to cessation of treatment. These modifications were significantly associated with the presence of fecal antibiotic activity (P less than 0.05) but not with the shedding of toxigenic or nontoxigenic strains of C. difficile or with the presence of toxin A in feces, which was detected only in one perfectly healthy treated volunteer.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum Katzn. &amp; Morley APG 6156

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum Katzn. &amp; Morley<br>Common name(s): Clover Sub<br>Other names: SA 6156<br>Conserved by: Australian Pastures Genebank of the South Australian Research and Development Institute (APG), Australia<br>Local sample unique identifier: APG 6156<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1972-03-01<br>Other identifiers: n/a,Y73, n/a,SA 6156, n/a,ALP 1.5<br>Historical: Yes<br>Biological status: Wild<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
YIELD-BASED LEAF AND SOIL-TEST INTERPRETATIONS FOR NAGPUR MANDARIN IN CENTRAL INDIA

Nutrient constraint based fertilizer schedule, following the leaf analysis in citrus orchards, is still not a common practice in India, due to absence of suitable leaf nutrient standards. An intensive survey of Nagpur mandarin orchards representing 17,799 ha (178 sq. Km) area in the hot sub-humid tropical climate of Central India, was carried out during 1992–98 to define nutritional problems and delineate optimum leaf nutrients level in relation to fruit yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Five to seven month old leaf samples between 2nd to 4th leaf positions from non-fruiting shoots and soil samples at 0–20 cm depth from 110–125 cm depth trunk, were collected, besides recording yield data. The leaf analysis values were observed better correlated with fruit yield in quadratic form than soil analysis except calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The optimum leaf nutrients concentration was determined as 2.2–2.4% nitrogen (N), 0.07–0.11% phosphorus (P), 1.2–1.6% potassium (K), 1.3–1.5% Ca, 0.48–0.67% Mg, 110–132 ppm iron (Fe), 29–43 ppm manganese (Mn), 8–14 ppm copper (Cu), and 18–30 ppm zinc (Zn) through multivariate quadratic correlation and regression analysis to obtain 636–703 fruits/tree. Based on above index values, N, K, Zn, Cu, and P were diagnosed as major nutrient constraints in mandarin orchards of Central India. These nutrients should be a part of fertilizer management.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reduced Variability of Auditory Alpha Activity in Chronic Tinnitus

Subjective tinnitus is characterized by the conscious perception of a phantom sound which is usually more prominent under silence. Resting state recordings without any auditory stimulation demonstrated a decrease of cortical alpha activity in temporal areas of subjects with an ongoing tinnitus perception. This is often interpreted as an indicator for enhanced excitability of the auditory cortex in tinnitus. In this study we want to further investigate this effect by analysing the moment-to-moment variability of the alpha activity in temporal areas. Magnetoencephalographic resting state recordings of 21 tinnitus subjects and 21 healthy controls were analysed with respect to the mean and the variability of spectral power in the alpha frequency band over temporal areas. A significant decrease of auditory alpha activity was detected for the low alpha frequency band (8–10 Hz) but not for the upper alpha band (10–12 Hz). Furthermore, we found a significant decrease of alpha variability for the tinnitus group. This result was significant for the lower alpha frequency range and not significant for the upper alpha frequencies. Tinnitus subjects with a longer history of tinnitus showed less variability of their auditory alpha activity which might be an indicator for reduced adaptability of the auditory cortex in chronic tinnitus.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 610414: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic

The aim of this paper is to investigate the roles of domestic and global leaders and organizations to COVID-19 and to consider the new role(s) of Human Resource Development (HRD) based on the ramifications of pandemics in general, and COVID-19 in particular. The research questions guiding this work are: What are the leadership competencies required during and post times of crisis? And What roles do human resource development practitioners envision to support their organizations during and post times of crisis? In this manuscript, we provide several themes, based on the literature and case studies from international and domestic contexts, that we see as essential competencies for leadership practices in response to a global crisis. We explored leadership competencies required in the time of crises, followed by exploring cases of best practices of leadership in different contexts, followed by reflections on new roles for HRD researchers and practitioners post a global crisis.

Topic: Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Contributors

Extract Moses Aikins, MA, PhD Senior Lecturer School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana Philippe Beutels, PhD Senior Lecturer, Health Economics Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO) University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium Katherine B. Bevans, PhD Assistant Research Professor, Division of General Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104-4399, USA Robert E. Black, MD, MPH Edgar Berman Professor and Chair, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Werner B.F. Brouwer, PhD Professor of Health Economics, Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Medical Centre/Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Sarah Byford, PhD Senior Lecturer, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De...

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rethinking the system for measuring and assessing the quality of research in Colombian heis

En el editorial de la edicion anterior de nuestra revista presentamos la perspectiva critica de la investigacion y la gestion del conocimiento en las universidades colombianas, donde nos cuestionamos sobre la evaluacion de los procesos educativos, especialmente de uno de sus pilares fundamentales como lo es la investigacion. De alguna manera se entreveia que el modelo actual de evaluacion que maneja el Estado, a traves de Colciencias, hoy convertido en ministerio, no alcanza a tener la cobertura completa sobre estos esquemas de medicion y valoracion de la investigacion que permita estructurar un modelo que se ajuste mejor a los objetivos del desarrollo socioeconomico del pais, dado su enfoque eminentemente cuantitavista. Por ello nos proponemos discurrir sobre un enfoque alterno y complementario a dicho esquema, para lograr una mayor aproximacion a la medicion y valoracion de la calidad de la investigacion desde dos criterios vitales como son la pertinencia y el impacto, que estan por discutirse ampliamente en el interior de la comunidad academica del pais, bajo un enfoque mas cualitativo, que se integre adecuadamente con el enfoque cuantitativo y que apuntalen hacia lograr el mejor aporte de la investigacion al desarrollo socioeconomico del pais.

Topic: Educational Research and Science Teaching
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
DSMC Study of Three-Dimensional Forced Chaotic Flows

The DSMC method is used to study Couette flow in a rectangular flow region in the presence of an imposed acceleration in the direction normal to the surfaces. The acceleration acts on the molecules and is proportional to the square of the difference between the local macroscopic flow velocity component in the direction of the moving surface and the magnitude of the velocity of the surface. In other words, the imposed force is proportional to the square of the velocity deficit in the flow. The boundaries in the planes normal to this velocity are periodic and the side planes are either periodic or specular boundaries. The flow region may be restricted to a thin layer in either of the planes normal to the surface and the flow is then two‐dimensional. It was found that distinct transverse and longitudinal instability modes exist in the slices and the dependence of these on the Knudsen number were studied. The simultaneous presence of both the transverse and longitudinal modes in the three‐dimensional flow leads to a chaotic flow with strong gradients in all three directions. At the Knudsen numbers for which results were obtained, these three‐dimensional chaotic disturbances were far from homogeneous. It is expected that they will become more homogeneous as the Knudsen number falls and the typical vortex size becomes small in comparison with the height of the flow.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<scp>GSK</scp> ‐3β/Notch‐1 Activation Promotes Radiation‐Induced Renal Damage: The Role of Gallic Acid in Mitigation of Nephrotoxicity

ABSTRACT Despite the therapeutic advances in treating malignancies, the efficient radiotherapeutic approaches with deprived adverse reactions still represent a potential clinical inquiry. The current study aims to elucidate the role of gallic acid (GA) in modifying the hazardous renal cytotoxicity induced by acute exposure to radiation. The MTT test was used to evaluate the viability of Vero cells exposed to 2 Gy gamma radiation with or without incubation of GA. In an in vivo model, male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups ( n = 6): Control, Irradiated (IRR, 5 Gy), GA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR, and Glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor (GSKI, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR. Based on the MTT toxicity assay, from 0 and up to 5 μM dosages of GA did not demonstrate any cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The optimal GA dose that could protect the cells from radiation was 5 μM. Furthermore, GA exerted a protective effect from gamma radiation on renal tissue as indicated by corrected renal functions, decreased LDH level in serum, and balanced oxidative status, which is indicated by decreased tissue contents of NOx and TBARS with a significant increase of reduced GSH. These outcomes were inferred by the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The overall molecular impact of radiation in damaging the renal tissue may be explained by modifying the upstream AKT activity and its downstream targets GSK‐3β/Notch‐1. Here, we concluded that the anticipated adverse reaction in the course of radiation exposure could be protected by daily administration of GA.

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences