jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of Suitable Technologies for Drinking Water Quality Prediction: A Comparative Study of Traditional, Ensemble, Cost-Sensitive, Outlier Detection Learning Models and Sampling Algorithms

Drinking water quality data sets used in learning models have been highly imbalanced, which has weakened the prediction ability of models for drinking water quality. Although some efforts have been made to address the issue of imbalance, little is known about the suitable technologies for drinking water quality prediction. Here, a total of 16 common learning models were applied individually to compare the drinking water quality prediction performance based on a large-scale highly imbalanced drinking water quality data set. Our results showed that ensemble, cost-sensitive learning models with higher F1-scores were more suitable for predicting drinking water quality, compared to other models tested in this study. In addition, the learning model performance could be enhanced by the introduction of two mainstream sampling algorithms [synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) combined with the Tomek links technique (TLTE) or the edited nearest neighbor technique (ENNTE), SMOTE + TLTE or SMOTE + ENNTE, respectively]. In particular, the F1-scores of deep cascade forest (DCF) with SMOTE + TLTE or SMOTE + ENNTE reached 94.54 ± 2.51% and 94.68 ± 2.72%, respectively. As a consequence, DCF with these two sampling algorithms has greater potential to be applied in drinking water quality monitoring and prediction, as well as other fields that have suffered from issues of imbalanced data.

Topic: Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) structure of Anopheles superpictus populations in IRAN

Background: Malaria is still one of the main health problems in south and southeast provinces of Iran and recently on average 10,000-30,000 malaria cases were reported annually. Mosquitoes of Anopheles superpictus are one of the main malaria vectors in Iran and have been reported from all areas of the country including central plateau and plains of Alborz and Zagrous Mountains chains, and with low numbers in shore plains of the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. There are variations in larval and adult morphological characters and also in vectorial capacity of this species in different areas of Iran. Methods: This study has been conducted to investigate rate of mtDNA variation among various populations of this species in Iran. The sequence variation of an 1512 bp length of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 2 (COI-COII) and an 708 bp sequences of COI gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and PCR-direct sequencing respectively. Results: This study showed that there are considerable variations between and within populations. Rate of variation was 12.3 % between populations and this was 2-5% for within Baluchistan population. Totally 4 haplotypes were observed between populations where 3 occur in Baluchistan and one in other places. Conclusion: This is the first report on existence of various haplotypes in An. superpictus in science, and presumably this species comprising siblings and is a species complex. Further studies need to confirm this result and to determine the relationship between mtDNA haplotypes and their role in malaria transmission in each locality.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research Hotspots in Psoriasis: A Bibliometric Study of the Top 100 Most Cited Articles

(1) Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease that negatively impacts patients’ quality of life and predisposes them to cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. This paper aims to summarize the knowledge structure and future directions in psoriasis research by means of bibliometrics. (2) Material and methods: The Thomson Reuters Web of Science database was interrogated using preestablished keywords. A list of the top 100 most cited articles focusing solely on psoriasis was compiled and analyzed. VOSviewer software was used to assess and visualize collaboration networks, citation, co-citation and co-wording analysis, and bibliographic coupling. (3) Results: The articles were written by 902 authors from 20 countries and were published in 31 journals. The United States was at the forefront of this field. Griffiths, CEM had the most citations, while the most prolific institution was Rockefeller University, New York City. Pathogenesis, especially key-pathogenic factors, immune pathways, and epidemiology were the most discussed topics. Work published in the last decade focused on the use of biologics. Keywords such as “quality of life”, “efficacy”, and “necrosis-factor alpha” have been widely used. (4) Conclusion: Research interest regarding psoriasis is high, leading to the rapid development of this field. Treatment modalities, especially novel-targeted therapies, immune pathways, and an integrative approach to such cases are receiving great interest and represent research hotspots in the future.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
VIEWS ON A NEW GREEK LEXICON. PART 1 - (J.) Diggle, (B.L.) Fraser, (P.) James, (O.B.) Simkin, (A.A.) Thompson, (S.J.) Westripp (edd.) The Cambridge Greek Lexicon. Volume I: Α–Ι. Volume II: Κ–Ω. Pp. xxiv + xiv + 1529. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Cased, £64.99. ISBN: 978-1-108-83699-9 (vol. 1), 978-1-108-83698-2 (vol. 2), 978-0-521-82680-8 (set).

VIEWS ON A NEW GREEK LEXICON. PART 1 - (J.) Diggle, (B.L.) Fraser, (P.) James, (O.B.) Simkin, (A.A.) Thompson, (S.J.) Westripp (edd.) The Cambridge Greek Lexicon. Volume I: Α–Ι. Volume II: Κ–Ω. Pp. xxiv + xiv + 1529. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Cased, £64.99. ISBN: 978-1-108-83699-9 (vol. 1), 978-1-108-83698-2 (vol. 2), 978-0-521-82680-8 (set). - Volume 72 Issue 1

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ERP Template Matching for EEG Single Trial Classification

Electroencephalography(EEG) signals have been used to assess the efficiency of recall based on the evaluation of memories remembered or forgotten. There is need for an EEG noise/outlier resistant algorithm with a good classification accuracy. In this paper, we present a new technique for EEG signal classification to study whether a person remembers faces he or she has seen or not. For this purpose, our method applies denoising using discrete wavelet transform, time-locked EEG activity before generating templates for each class that indicates whether a person remembered or forgot. This novel technique was compared with well-known classification algorithms such as Discriminant Analysis (DA), Support Vector machines (SVM using linear kernel) and Decision Trees (DT). Our Template Matching for EEG Single trial (ETMEST) technique outperformed them all. For all subjects, the average classification accuracy of ETMEST was 94%. Also, we applied this technique on a visually evoked potential EEG dataset based on c-VEP BCI speller system to detect symbol/alphabet recognition events. The results show this method can be reliably applied to EEG-based Communication, Brain Computer Interface(BCI) applications and other signal classification problems. It is additionally surmised from this investigation that during memory encoding, the signals from the frontal and temporal lobes are the strongest and during decoding, signals from the frontal and parietal lobes are the strongest.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses

To date,total of 2854 species of organisms were recorded in Chinese mangrove wetlands,including 136 species of fungi,13 species of actinobacteria,7 species of bacteria,441 species of microalgae,55 species of macroalgae,37 species of vascular plants,109 species of zooplankton,873 species of macrobenthos,258 species of nektons,434 species of insects,31 species of spiders,13 species of amphibians,39 species of reptiles,421 species of birds and 28 species of mammals.Among them,8 species belonged to the category 1 of Chinese national protected animals and 75 species belonged to the category 2.Chinese mangrove wetlands are very important bases for the conservation and development of the endangered species to China,and playing a critical role in the international activities for protecting the migrating birds.The species abundance in Chinese mangrove wetlands was 1766 times as much as that for the averaged species abundance in Chinese sea fields.The prolific species diversity in Chinese mangrove wetlands can be attributed to their high primary productivity,high diversity in their consumers' food preferences,high spatial heterogeneity at macroscopical and microscopic scale levels,and their dynamic temporal sequence in habitat utilization.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biological Control of Collar Rot on Passion Fruits Via Induction of Apoptosis in the Collar Rot Pathogen by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

The seedlings and fresh fruits of passion fruits are of high value in local and global trade. Fusarium solani is a main disease-causing agent affecting passion fruits. The objectives of this study were to develop Bacillus-based biocontrol agents for the management of Fusarium diseases on passion fruits and to investigate their putative control mechanisms. Our studies indicated that B. subtilis YBC and 151B1 show antagonistic activity to F. solani PF7 from passion fruits and inhibited the conidial germination of strain PF7. The application of broth cultures from B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC in SYB medium reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt on the leaves of passion fruits and enhanced the survival rates of passion fruit seedlings challenged with F. solani PF7. With regard to the putative mechanisms of disease control, the results indicated that treatments consisting of the respective culture filtrates from B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC broths caused aberrant conidial morphology and loss of cell membrane integrity. Additionally, the treatments caused reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and interfered with the energy metabolism of F. solani PF7. The treatments also enhanced reactive oxygen species accumulation and resulted in the externalization of phosphatidylserine, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, suggesting their function in triggering apoptotic-like cell death. In conclusion, B. subtilis 151B1 and YBC are potential biocontrol agents for passion fruit disease caused by F. solani. Their control efficacy may result from the surfactins produced to trigger apoptotic-like cell death, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and interfering with the energy metabolism of the pathogen. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 160458: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Albuminated dacron protheses as improved blood vessel substitutes.

An improved vascular graft was achieved by treating knitted Dacron prostheses with cross-linked albumin. Eight segments, each six centimeters in length, were coated and implanted in the canine thoracic aorta for periods ranging from 24 hours to six months. The results were compared with the eight untreated grafts implanted for similar periods as control experiments. Albumin coating resulted in a faster healing : cells appeared earlier and collagen development was greater. The most beneficial effect of that treatment was the reduction in embolization, as shown by the considerable decrease in kidney damage.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determinants of child wasting in Bhutan. Insights from nationally representative data

To characterize the epidemiology of wasting and identify the main predictors of wasting, severe wasting and poor weight-for-height in children.We analysed a nationally representative sample of 2028 children (Multiple Indicator Survey, 2010).Royal Kingdom of Bhutan.Children aged 0-23 months.Wasting prevalence was significantly higher among infants aged 0-11 months than among children aged 12-23 months (12·0 v. 6·7 %; P=0·004) and among boys than girls (11·0 v. 7·5 %; P=0·04). Children from the Western region had 63 % higher odds of being wasted than children from the Central/Eastern regions (adjusted OR (AOR)=1·63; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·34). Poor feeding practices were among the most significant predictors of wasting and severe wasting. Children who were given prelacteal feeds in the first days of life had 2·5 times higher odds of being severely wasted than those who were not (AOR=2·49; 95 % CI 1·19, 5·19); inadequate complementary feeding in children aged 0-23 months was associated with 58 % higher odds of being wasted (AOR=1·58; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·47) and 2·3 times higher odds of being severely wasted (AOR=2·28; 95 % CI 1·13, 4·58). The association of poor infant feeding practices with wasting and severe wasting was particularly significant in infants (0-11 months).Programmes for the detection and treatment of severely wasted children need to prioritize very young children (0-11 months), particularly in the Western region. Programmes for the prevention of wasting need to prioritize the improvement of complementary foods and feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Bullying Victimization, Parenting Stress, and Anxiety among Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bullying victimization is commonly associated with anxiety among individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and both bullying victimization and anxiety are more prevalent among youth with ASD than in the general population. We explored individual and contextual factors that relate to anxiety in adolescents and young adults with ASD who also experience bullying victimization. Participants included 101 mothers of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with ASD. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and anxiety in children with ASD, as well as parenting stress as a potential moderator of that relationship. Findings indicate that parenting stress moderates the association between bullying victimization and anxiety. The severity of anxiety was most strongly associated with bullying victimization when mothers reported high levels of stress. Implications for interventions that assist parents with coping and address bullying victimization are discussed. Autism Res 2015, 8: 727–737 . © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of Virtual Reality Technology in Sustainable Travel Behaviour and Engagement Among Millennials

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of virtual reality technologies among millennial travel behavioral intention and engagement towards tourism destinations providing an insight into technological and sustainable capacity and capability building for Malaysian destination marketers. The research framework integrates the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) to conduct an empirical analysis of 263 valid participants using a partial-least-squares-based structural equation modeling approach, identifying several positive consequences. Expanding the millennial's travel panorama through virtual reality technologies at tourism destinations can significantly help the marketers position themselves uniquely and attract more potential customers in the future.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Making breathing your business: enterprising practices at the margins of orthodoxy

Over the last 30 years there has been a gradual but nonetheless significant shift in the political economy of healthcare in developed countries. The health reforms that have accompanied this shift have had a significant impact upon medicine, nursing and a number of other orthodox health professions, but to date, little work has been done to explore the changing nature of physiotherapy practice. This study draws on Foucault's notion of governmentality to explore the enterprising practices of a new physiotherapy clinic established in Auckland, New Zealand. Drawing on a critical history of respiratory physiotherapy, which had previously been firmly anchored within the public health sector, we show that the actions and practices of the clinic's staff are testing the margins of orthodox physiotherapy practice and exploring the new market possibilities offered by consumer demand for optimal health. The study explores how the physiotherapists at the clinic are problematizing the practices, clinical spaces and clientele associated with orthodox practice, and, most notably, commodifying breathing, to create a space within which it is possible to think about physiotherapy otherwise. This study builds on the instability now surrounding the orthodox health professions and asks if exemplars like that offered in this article provide some meaningful insights into the future for healthcare practice.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of Malononitrile upon Poliomyelitis in Mice.

SummaryMalononitrile treatment preserved the life of more than one-half of the mice infected with a low concentration of the Lansing type poliomyelitis virus, but only prolonged the life span of mice infected with large doses of the virus. Mice treated with malononitrile after the onset of the paralysis showed markedly prolonged survival time. In about one-third of the animals partial or total recovery of the paralytic symptoms was observed; the mice, however, died after cessation of the treatment.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estrogen promotes osteoclast apoptosis by inducing Fas ligand expression in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Objective To explore the effect of decreased Fas ligand( FasL) expression on osteoclast apoptosis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) in the animal model with estrogen deficiency. Methods Animal models of osteoporosis( OP) were established by ovariectomy( OVX,bilateral ovarian resection) in 8-week-old healthy female mice. BMSCs collected from OVX group,sham operated group or estradiol-stimulated group( OVX + E2) were respectively co-cultured with the osteoclasts from healthy mice. The apoptosis of osteoclasts was compared among the three groups by annexin Ⅴ-FITC /7-AAD labeling and flow cytometry. FasL expression was detected by Western blotting. Results The apoptosis rate of osteoclasts was significantly higher in both the sham group and the OVX + E2 group than in the OVX group.Western blotting showed that the expression of FasL protein in BMSCs was lower in the OVX group than in the sham group,and it increased in the OVX + E2 group as compared with the OVX group. Conclusion The expression of FasL is downregulated by estrogen in BMSCs,which may be responsible for the effect of FasL on the apoptosis of osteoclasts.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Live cells detection in breast cell-line by FTIR micro-spectrometer

Infrared absorption for living cells in aqueous media has been measured for normal and cancer cells using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) point micro-spectrometer. IR characteristics of live cells were measured under cell culture conditions, while most of previous works were performed with dehydrated or fixed cells. In this paper, the infrared spectra of adhered cells were measured in transmission mode by point microscopy with spot sizes of 200 mum times 200 mum. Some remarkable differences are observed among normal (MCF10A), cancer(MCF7) and invasive cancer (MDAMB231) cells in breast cell line. Peaks at 3621 and 2873 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> appeared except for MCF10A, which shows the distinction between cancer and normal cell. At 3621 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> peak also, appeared in MCF10A after subculture over fifteen times, which seemed to be an evidence that normal cell was being transformed to cancer cell. These results show a potential of spectroscopic methodology instead of image analysis with fluorescence material in cell.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chronic renal impairment and surgical site infection in patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation: Results of a matched case-control study

Surgical site infection may cause graft failure and limb loss following infrainguinal vascular surgery. Chronic renal impairment (CRI) is associated with defective host immunity and a poor long-term outcome after revascularisation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether CRI is associated with surgical site infection in patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation. We performed a matched case-control, retrospective study of patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation in the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Centre which serves the Northern Ireland Regional Nephrology Service. Patients with CRI were matched for age, sex, and anatomical bypass site, to patients with normal renal function. Surgical site infection was evaluated in each group according to US centers for Disease Control and the Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (SVS/ISCS) reporting standards. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect of renal impairment on the risk of surgical site infection following infrainguinal revascularisation. One hundred ninety-two patients underwent infrainguinal revascularisation between 1999 and 2001. Twenty-four patients with CRI were identified and matched to an equal number of controls. Surgical site infection was more common in patients with chronic renal impairment (10/24 vs. 3/24, P < 0.05). Pre-existing ulceration and chronic renal impairment were independent risk factors for the development of infection (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). The odds ratio for developing a surgical site infection in chronic renal impairment was 7.06 (95% confidence intervals 1.18–42.22).

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences