jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Results of surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in infants below 2500 grams].

We present a review of our recent experience of operating on infants below 2500 g suffering from congenital heart disease. A retrospective review was performed in 73 children who had undergone cardiac operations at our institution from 1990 to 1999. There were 43 (59%) females and 30 (41%) males; the mean age at operation was 28 days (range 4 to 92). The mean gestational age was 34.7 weeks (range 24 to 41), mean birth weight--1899 g (range 700 to 2450) and mean weight at operation--2013 g (range 640 to 2500). Cardiac diagnoses included patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (N = 21, 28.7%), ventricular septal defect (VSD) (N = 9, 12.3%), transposition of great arteries (TGA) (N = 10, 13.7%), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (N = 7, 9.6%), double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) (N = 4, 5.5%), truncus arteriosus communis (TAC) (N = 4, 5.5%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (N = 4, 5.5%), coarctation of aorta (CoAo) (N = 6, 8.2%), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) (N = 2, 2.7%), aortic stenosis (AoVS) (N = 3, 4.1%), interrupted aortic arch (IAA) (N = 1, 1.4%), pulmonary atresia (PA) (N = 1, 1.4%) and common atrioventricular canal (CAVC) (N = 1, 1.4%). Hospital mortality was 16.4%. There were 6 early deaths (8.2%) and 6 late deaths (8.2%). A higher mortality rate was noted in premature children and in children who had undergone palliative procedures. At a 1-116-month follow-up (mean 39 months), of 57 (93.4%) patients, 46 (80.7%) were in NYHA class I and 11 (19.3%) in NYHA class II. In conclusion the authors believe that early intervention can be performed in infants below 2500 g, and the associated mortality and morbidity rates are low.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect Found in the Combination of Kitasamycin with Other Antibiotics Used against &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Background: Combinations of antibiotics are used to increase the therapeutic options via the simultaneous activities of two compounds. The goals of combination therapy are to resolve the bacterial infection while reducing the treatment cost. The use of kitasamycin is used frequently and in addition to other antibiotics, the desired combinations were not found. Methods: Fields strains: we use serotypes 1, 3, 5 y 7. Microbial culturing: The serotypes 1, 3, 5 y 7 was identified. Antibiotics and Reagents: The antibiotics used were kitasamycin; enrofloxacin and oxolinic acid. The following combinations were tested: a) kitasamycin with enrofloxacin; b) kitasamycin with norfloxacin; and c) kitasamycin with oxolinic acid. Preparation of bacterial suspensions: The cultures were adjusted to a concentration of 5 colony-forming units per ml (CFU/ml) using the same sterile culture medium as the diluent. Determination of the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs): To test each combination and their interactions and to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of each antibiotic. Calculation of the index of the fractional minimum inhibitory concentration (FMIC): The FMIC index was calculated by applying the following formula: FIC index = FIC of antibiotic A/FIC of antibiotic B. Results: What was found showed that: A combination of kitasamycin and norfloxacin has been shown to have an indifferent effect. A combination of kitasamycin and enrofloxacin had antagonistic effects against all of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes studied. Finally, a combination of kitasamycin and oxolinic acid had antagonist effects against serotypes 1, 3 and 5 and a synergistic effect against serotype 7. Conclusion: The “in vitro” combination Kitasamycin-Norfloxacin showed an indifferent effect, and combination Kitasamycin and Enrofloxacin demonstrated an antagonistic interaction between these two antibiotics. A combination of Kitasamycin and Oxolinic Acid had synergistic effect against serotype 7.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Digital Programmable Timing Device for Fast Response Instrumentation in Rotating Machines.

The design, construction and test of an inexpensive computer peripheral device to control the acquisition of data from high response probes in periodic flows, is reported. The device (RPACE) was used with a Hewlett-Packard Model 21MX computer and 5610A A/D converter to obtain Kulite probe measurements in a transonic compressor by synchronized sampling. A phased-locked-loop and counting circuits were used so that the moment of A/D conversion always corresponded to a programmable displacement of a stationary probe with respect to the moving rotor blades - independent of RPM. Also, the rotor speed was measured digitally in one revolution of the shaft. The results of a 'survey' of a rotor blade passage at a blade passing frequency of 4500 per sec. are included. (Author)

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inheritance of Northern Corn Leaf Blight Resistance in Advanced Generations of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Developing genetically resistant maize varieties to mitigate yield losses would reduce reliance on chemical control measures. This study underlines the substantial genetic variability and heritability of northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) resistance within a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, highlighting the genetic basis of the trait. ANOVA revealed highly significant genetic variability among families at the 1% level, confirming the presence of sufficient variability for effective selection. The progression from F5 to F6 generations demonstrated the effectiveness of selection, as seen from reduced AUDPC scores in the F6 generation. A genetic gain of -7.74 and a heritability estimate of 48% further validated the success of selection based on lower AUDPC scores. The regression analysis supported by the significant positive correlation (r = 0.65) revealed a significant association between F5 selections and the F6 AUDPC scores, as seen from an R2 value of 0.42 and a moderate predictive slope of 0.52. These associations suggest that while selection is effective in predicting advanced-generation performance, the residual variability points to the need for incorporating additional genetic or environmental factors to improve predictive accuracy. These findings emphasize the predominance of genetic factors in NCLB resistance and the stability of resistance traits across the two generations, offering insights into the genetic control of the trait. By providing a solid foundation for breeding efforts targeting durable resistance, this study contributes to the development of maize varieties with enhanced NCLB resistance and supports sustainable agricultural practices.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Mediating Effect of Communication Competence on the Relationship between the Transformational Leadership and Employees` Job Satisfaction in Syrian Private Universities

Previous studies have documented the importance of the transformational leadership and communication competence of the leaders and their relationship with employees` job satisfaction.However, there was a lack of leader insight regarding this relationship in the context of higher education in Syria and very few literatures had discussed the issues.The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of communication competence on the relationship between transformational leadership and the job satisfaction of the employees in Syrian private universities.The quantitative method was used in data collection.A random sampling technique was conducted which comprised of 247 faculty members and staff from seven private universities in Syria.A total of three different sets of instruments were used, namely Multifactor leadership (MLQ), Communicative Competence Scale (CCS) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ).PLS-SEM technique was used to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between the variables in this study.The results of the study indicated that there was a significant relationship between transformational leadership and communication competence.The results show that there was a significant relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction.Findings had revealed that the indirect effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction through communication competence.

Topic: Organizational and Employee Performance
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Documenting the Outcome of Pharmaceutical Services

Journal Article Documenting the Outcome of Pharmaceutical Services Get access American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 45, Issue 8, 1 August 1988, Page 1663, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/45.8.1663 Published: 01 August 1988

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Deep [ITAL]Hubble Space Telescope[/ITAL] Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance

We have identified 82 short-period variable stars in Sextans A from deep Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 observations. All the periodic variables appear to be short-period Cepheids, with periods as small as 0.8 days for fundamental mode Cepheids and 0.5 days for first-overtone Cepheids. These objects have been used, along with measurements of the red giant branch (RGB) tip and red clump, to measure a true distance modulus to Sextans A of 0 = 25.61 0.07, corresponding to a distance of d = 1.32 0.04 Mpc. Comparing distances calculated by these techniques, we find that short-period Cepheids (P &lt; 2 days) are accurate distance indicators for objects at or below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud. As these objects are quite numerous in low-metallicity star-forming galaxies, they have the potential for providing extremely precise distances throughout the Local Group. We have also compared the relative distances produced by other distance indicators. We conclude that calibrations of RR Lyrae stars, the RGB tip, and the red clump are self-consistent, but that there appears to be a small dependence of long-period Cepheid distances on metallicity. Finally, we present relative distances of Sextans A, Leo A, IC 1613, and the Magellanic Clouds.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of medium and cultivation conditions on comparisons between latex agglutination and culture detection of group A streptococci

In the laboratory diagnosis of pharyngitis, results from latex agglutination tests (LAT) performed directly on throat swabs are often compared with the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) from simultaneously obtained swabs cultivated on a variety of media under different atmospheric conditions. In this study, results of an LAT, Directigen, were compared with those of two different media: sheep blood agar (SBA) and group A selective strep agar (ssA). Specimens inoculated on SBA were incubated in three different atmospheres: air, 3 to 5% CO2, and anaerobically. Those inoculated on ssA were incubated in 3 to 5% CO2 only. Isolation of GABHS was confirmed by coagglutination. The standard for true positivity was the isolation of GABHS from at least one of the simultaneous cultures. Comparisons were made with samples from 693 adult patients. GABHS was isolated on at least one of the three cultures in 143 patients, demonstrating an isolation rate of 20.6%. LAT exhibited a sensitivity of 95.1%. SBA incubated in air, in CO2, or anaerobically had sensitivities of 86.2, 85.9, and 93.7%, respectively. The ssA detected 99.3% of the positive specimens. Single SBA culture proved to be inferior to LAT and therefore was a poor standard for measuring LAT performance. Single ssA cultures demonstrated the greatest sensitivity in GABHS detection and therefore could serve as a standard for measuring LAT performance.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid and Definitive Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Using Peripheral Blood Smears

A timely diagnosis is essential in the management of septicemia and septic shock. Three patients are described, all of whom presented with fever and one of whom was hypotensive at the time of admission. In each patient, rapid diagnosis of the cause of fever was possible because microorganisms were identified on a peripheral blood smear obtained at the time of admission. This identification permitted prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In addition, a literature review of use of peripheral blood smears in the diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections is provided.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effect of Weeding and Planting Distance on Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium Cepa.L)

This research aims to know the influence of the large number of weeding and planting distance towards the growth and production of onion (Allium we have load. L), was held in the village of Jiken Sub Sidoarjo Reinforcement in January to March 2019. The experiment was devised in factorial using random design group with two factors and repeated 3 times the first Factor is the large number of weeding which consists of 1x(P1), 2x(P2), 3 (P3). The second factor that is a distance of planting that consists of 10 x 10 cm(J1), 10x15 cm(J2), 10x20 cm(J3). The observed variable is the length of the plant, the amount of leaves, the diameter of the tuber, tuber perrumpun amount, the weight of the wet perrumpun, wet weight per hide, dry weight per clump, dry weight per hide, and harvest index. The results of the analysis show the multiplicity of treatment between weeding and planting distance treatment happens different real interaction on variable dry weight per plant, dry weight per hide, and harvest index. Treatment of large number of weeding 1x(P1) with planting distance 10 x 15 cm(J2) produces the most weight (1399.87 gr).

Topic: Shallot Cultivation and Analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from Phase I/II Study of Oncolytic HSV&lt;sup&gt;GM-CSF&lt;/sup&gt; in Combination with Radiotherapy and Cisplatin in Untreated Stage III/IV Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study sought to define the recommended dose of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF, an oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV-1) encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), for future studies in combination with chemoradiotherapy in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with stage III/IVA/IVB SCCHN received chemoradiotherapy (70 Gy/35 fractions with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; on days 1, 22, and 43) and dose-escalating (10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; pfu/mL for cohort 1; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; for cohort 2; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; for cohort 3) JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF by intratumoral injection on days 1, 22, 43, and 64. Patients underwent neck dissection 6 to 10 weeks later. Primary end points were safety and recommended dose/schedule for future study. Secondary end points included antitumor activity (radiologic, pathologic). Relapse rates and survival were also monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Seventeen patients were treated without delays to chemoradiotherapy or dose-limiting toxicity. Fourteen patients (82.3%) showed tumor response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and pathologic complete remission was confirmed in 93% of patients at neck dissection. HSV was detected in injected and adjacent uninjected tumors at levels higher than the input dose, indicating viral replication. All patients were seropositive at the end of treatment. No patient developed locoregional recurrence, and disease-specific survival was 82.4% at a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 19-40 months).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF combined with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is well tolerated in patients with SCCHN. The recommended phase II dose is 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;. Locoregional control was achieved in all patients, with a 76.5% relapse-free rate so far. Further study of this approach is warranted in locally advanced SCCHN. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 4005–15. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Michael Yudell.<i>Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the Twentieth Century</i>.

Michael Yudell’s Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the Twentieth Century examines the twentieth-century history of the hereditary biological race concept. According to Yudell, the idea was invented by early-twentieth-century eugenicists, reformulated by anti-racist population geneticists at mid-century, and manipulated by racists throughout. In spite of growing recognition that race was not a useful or particularly meaningful biological category in the late twentieth century, Yudell, whose disciplinary home is public health, concludes the book by showing how the race concept has continued to shape the work of twenty-first-century researchers. Although scientists and scientific popularizers are the main players, Yudell also takes a number of detours to examine the anti-racist writings of W. E. B. Du Bois, Jacques Barzun and others, whose social science–based critiques of the race concept provide a useful foil against which to measure what are often portrayed as stubborn or naïve attempts by natural scientists to preserve race in biology.

Topic: History of Science and Medicine
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Everyday Discrimination Experience and Depressive Symptoms in Urban Black, Guyanese, Hispanic, and White Adults

BACKGROUND: Discrimination experience is a stressor that may disproportionately affect the mental health of minority populations. AIMS: We examined the association between discrimination experience and depressive symptoms among four urban racial/ethnic groups. METHOD: Cross-sectional community-based health survey data for Black ( n = 434), Guyanese ( n = 180), Hispanic ( n = 173), and White ( n = 809) adults aged ⩾18 years were collected in Schenectady, New York, in 2013. Discrimination experience was measured with the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), and depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. Logistic regression models for the association between EDS and major depressive symptoms (CES-D ⩾ 16) were fitted for each racial/ethnic group. The final model adjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol binge drinking, emotional/social support, and perceived stress. RESULTS: The mean EDS scores varied significantly across groups ( p &lt; .001), with 2.6 in Hispanics, 2.2 in Whites, 2.0 in Blacks, and 1.1 in the Guyanese. There was a consistent and significant independent association between EDS and major depressive symptoms in the crude model and at each step of covariate adjustment in each group. Fully adjusted odds ratios were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI; 1.16, 1.41]) in Blacks, 1.83 in the Guyanese [1.36, 2.47], 1.23 in Hispanics [1.07, 1.41], and 1.24 [1.16, 1.33] in Whites. The presence of covariates did not significantly modify the main effect in each group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that discrimination experience can be one of the fundamental social causes of depression. It may be feasible to assess discrimination experience as a risk factor of depression in individuals of all racial/ethnic backgrounds.

Topic: Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The DnaK chaperones from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei and the bacterium Escherichia coli have different substrate specificities.

Hsp70 (DnaK) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone present in bacteria, eukaryotes, and some archaea. In a previous work we demonstrated that DnaK from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei (DnaK(Mm)) and the DnaK from the bacterium Escherichia coli (DnaK(Ec)) were functionally similar when assayed in vitro but DnaK(Mm) failed to substitute for DnaK(Ec) in vivo. Searching for the molecular basis of the observed DnaK species specificity we compared substrate binding by DnaK(Mm) and DnaK(Ec). DnaK(Mm) showed a lower affinity for the model peptide (a-CALLQSRLLS) compared to DnaK(Ec). Furthermore, it was unable to negatively regulate the E. coli sigma32 transcription factor level under heat shock conditions and poorly bound purified sigma32, which is a native substrate of DnaK(Ec). These observations taken together indicate differences in substrate specificity of archaeal and bacterial DnaKs. Structural modeling of DnaK(Mm) showed some structural differences in the substrate-binding domains of DnaK(Mm) and DnaK(Ec), which may be responsible, at least partially, for the differences in peptide binding. Size-exclusion chromatography and native gel electrophoresis revealed that DnaK(Mm) was found preferably in high molecular mass oligomeric forms, contrary to DnaK(Ec). Oligomers of DnaK(Mm) could be dissociated in the presence of ATP and a substrate (peptide) but not ADP, which may suggest that monomer is the active form of DnaK(Mm).

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism in Spinal Arthrodesis and the Need for Better Evidence and Prevention Guidelines

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a rare but serious event that may occur after spinal surgery. Vascular endothelial damage during surgery and immobilization of the patient after surgery contribute to a higher risk of thrombosis and subsequent PE. Prophylaxis including intermittent pneumatic compression stockings, heparin, and other interventions is often employed by the treatment team to lower the risk of thromboembolic complications. In orthopedic, trauma, burn and other high-risk surgical patients, the incidence of PE has been thoroughly studied, and this knowledge has been used to establish prophylaxis guidelines specifically for these patients. The incidence of PE in spinal fusion patients, however, is less well studied, and definitive prophylaxis guidelines are lacking. The aim of this article is to review what is known about the incidence of PE in spinal arthrodesis patients, and describe the need for better medical evidence and prevention guidelines on this issue.

Topic: Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Internal Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences