jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Which NODDI implementation is nicest for diffusion MRI?

Abstract Background Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) is becoming increasingly common as multiband acceleration becomes available for clinical scanning, but fitting the model can be extremely slow. Since the release of the original MATLAB implementation in 2012, three alternatives have become popular: Accelerated Microstructure Imaging via Convex Optimization (AMICO), the Microstructure Diffusion Toolbox (MDT), and the CUDA Diffusion Modelling Toolbox (cuDIMOT). They accelerate fitting through reformulation and/or using GPUs, but the implementation differences raise the question of which approach is best. To our knowledge all previous comparisons lacked knowledge of the true values and used the original implementation as the nominally correct one, with in vivo data. We remedy that using simulations with known NODDI values, in addition to in vivo scans. Method We created a software phantom with Neurite Density Index (NDI) values linearly increasing from 0.1 to 1.0 in x, Orientation Dispersion (ODI) from 0 to 1 in y, and Isotropic water Volume Fraction (ISOVF) from 0 to 0.9 in z. We simulated five scans using the ADNI3 advanced diffusion MRI protocol. The phantom had 20 voxels in each direction, and the fiber bundle principal direction randomly varied between the simulations. The simulations were fit by the original, AMICO, MDT, and cuDIMOT implementations, and root mean square errors were calculated as shown in Table 1. A discrepancy measure was also calculated using the brain voxels of three in vivo human scans acquired using the same protocol on a Siemens Prisma, substituting the original implementation’s values for the truth since the latter is unknown for in vivo scans. Result cuDIMOT had the least error (for ODI &lt; 0.8) and was fastest. The original implementation was a close second in accuracy but much slower. cuDIMOT’s ODI underestimation can be corrected with a transfer function in the noise‐free case, but that approach fails with actual scans. Conclusion The original or cuDIMOT implementations should be used, with cuDIMOT the favorite when at least one CUDA‐capable GPU is available and the number of scans are large. Correcting cuDIMOT’s ODI underestimation using a different initialization or form of Dawson’s integral should be investigated.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PLEKHG3 enhances polarized cell migration by activating actin filaments at the cell front

Polarized cell migration plays a pivotal role in the development and repair of tissues. PI3K, Rho GTPases, and actin filaments are known to be involved in a positive feedback loop that induces and maintains cell polarity. Here, we show that the pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G3 (PLEKHG3) selectively binds to newly polymerized actin and that this interaction exerts a positive regulatory effect on PLEKHG3 activity that enhances and sustains the cell front. A lack of PLEKHG3 ablates cell polarity, resulting in a decrease in cell migration. These findings provide the missing link that explains how Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and actin polymerization are coupled by a positive feedback loop to ensure the stability of cell polarity.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Has the efficiency and productivity of the health system in India improved during post-policy period? Application of the bootstrap data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index

The efficiency and productivity of the health system are assessed using bootstrap data envelopment analysis and the bootstrap Malmquist productivity index across 21 states of India against the backdrop of the National Health Policy (NHP-2017). We took two child outcomes and three maternal outcomes as outputs and four inputs. A technical efficiency score of 0.760 suggests that the outputs could be increased by 24% without any additional inputs in the health system. A productivity of 0.993 indicates a decline at an average rate of 0.7% per year attributable to technological regress. Deducing from the statistical tests conducted, a significant change in the efficiency of the health system over the years was observed, particularly between the pre- and post-policy periods. In contrast, no significant change in productivity was observed. Despite having relatively better outcomes, Tamil Nadu lies farther away from the frontier, which indicates the inefficient utilization of public health resources. In contrast, Bihar, which has poor health outcomes, has better efficiency and witnessed significant productivity growth, indicating the efficient utilization of limited resources.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Incremental trajectory aggregation in video sequences

This article introduces new similarity measures between trajectories, in order to detect uncommon behaviors. These measures are used to find the most common trajectories in a sequence, using an implicit aggregation method. They may be applied to trajectories of objects tracked in real time. Moreover, by combining one or more measures, it is possible to variate the impact of the temporal dimension - velocity along a trajectory. Our experiments show that the measures are able to properly identify rare trajectories in a video, as well as to detect the most frequent ones.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Care of Rare Map Collections in the Twenty-first Century

Management practices for paper map collections have evolved with changes in the modern library climate. In the past, management of “non-special” map collections were focused on efficiently processing and storing large influxes of materials. Now that fewer maps are published in paper format and more are available online, collection practices should reflect the increasingly special status of paper maps. The author examined numerous resources which together build an understanding of best practices for the physical care and management of a paper rare map collection in the 21st century. Resources consulted include publications, web resources, interviews with practicing librarians, videos, and observations made at numerous facilities. The purpose of the article is to guide collection managers in evaluating their own practices and facilities and identifying potential changes.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
N- ( Arilaminometil)-ftalimidler

arylaminomethyl)-phtalimides is a general reaction and it is useful for the identification of amines. The same substances may be obtained by the action of N-(hyd-roxymethyl) -phtalimide on amines. The N- (piper idinomethyl-, (*'-), N- (morpholinomethyl) - ( 3 ), N-(anilinomethyl)-, N-fphenylhydrazinomethyO-t 1 ) and a series of N-(arylaminomethyl)-phtalimides (*) have been prepared by these methods. The preparation of p-phtalimidomethylaminobenzoic acid, p-phtalimidomethylaminoethylbenzoate, m-phtalimidomethylamino-p-hydroxy-methylbenzoate, p-phtalimidomethylamino-2-diethylamino-ethylbenzoate, p-phtalimidomethylaminophenylsulfonamide t 2-phtali-midomethylamino-4-phenylthiazole and N-phtalimidomethylsaccha-rin have been investigated. The compounds mentioned above were prepared according to the method described by Winstead and Heine( 4 ). Thin-layer chro­matography, C, H, N and S microdetermination and UV spectropho­tometry methods were employed in order to identify and characterize the synthesized compounds

Topic: Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The difference of FENO levels according to gender in healty subjects never smoked

INTRODUCTION:Very little known with the differences of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) according to genders and the published data is controversial. We aimed to investigate whether the FENO levels differ according to gender in healthy subjects. METHOD: Sixtyfive male and 65 female subjects within 18-65 years old never smoked and have no chronic air way disease were included. FENO, bodypletsymography and spirometry were performed.RESULTS:Distribution of FENO levels and other parameters according to gender is shown Table-1. FENO, BMI, Body surface area(BSA), weight, height, FVC, FEV1, TLC, PEF were significantly higher in males. Age, gender, BSA were associated with FENO in univariate lineer regression analysis. In models with multiple linear regression analysis; age, gender and BSA were associated with FENO. CONCLUSION:The difference between males and females should be kept in mind when evaluating the FENO levels.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resilience Planning, a Facilitated Modelling Approach

Resilience has emerged as a buzzword among researchers and practitioners. However, despite its popularity, there has been little progress in moving it from an elaborate metaphor describing an idyllic state of the system to a tool for planning and managing adaptation. While case study research is rich with examples of systems that have proven to be resilient or are striving to develop resilience, there is no defined approach that operationalises concepts described in the literature into the planning process. This paper helps close this gap by illustrating how facilitated modelling can be used for resilience planning in socio-ecological systems. The paper summarizes our experience using facilitated system dynamics to inform a model-based discussion of food security resilience to climate change in Guatemala. We identify at least three positive outcomes from the intervention, which a) helped to build consensus about the meaning of resilience, b) improved stakeholders understanding of adaptation and c) outlined potential policies to enhance resilience.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Efficient Deep Learning Approach for Detection of Brain Tumor Disease

This article presents, we describe fully autonomous brain tumor classifying as well as the classification method depending on a multiscale DCNN Deep-Convolutional-Neural-Network (multiscale Deep Convolutional Neural Network). As compared to similar efforts, ours differs in part because it processes input images at two different spatial scales using independent neural networks. The suggested neural model can interpret MRI scans comprising two kinds of tumors: the first one meningioma, and the second one glioma, without requiring input images to be preprocessed to eliminate skull and spine components. The effectiveness we've noted model available to the public MRI image dataset containing 3060 slices of 250 cases is compared to previously reported models for conventional ML (machine learning) as well as DL (deep learning). In the comparison, our approach produced an impressive 97% accuracy in classifying tumors, which was better than some other algorithms utilizing similar datasets.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Venice and Islam in the Middle Ages: Some Observations on the Question of Architectural Influence

Once described by the great Venetian art historian Giuseppe Fiocco as a colossal suq, the city of Venice has always conveyed a distinctly oriental atmosphere to the western european visitor. Mystified by its labyrinth of dark, narrow, often dead-end streets, twisting at right-angles through densely built-up, separately demarcated parishes, glimpsing fragrant gardens hidden behind high, crenellated walls, sniffing the pungent odours of exotic oriental spices in the bustling, crowded markets, the traveller might well have imagined himself transported, as if on a magic carpet, to one of the great mercantile centres of the Middle East — to Baghdad, Cairo or Damascus — to the world of Marco Polo’s travels or the Arabian Nights.

Topic: Architecture and Cultural Influences
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Global change and biodiversity loss as drivers for zoonotic disease emergence: study cases in the Italian Alps

The ecology of wildlife diseases is a multidisplinary field of study that interfaces host and pathogen ecology, epidemiology, veterinary science and mathematical and statistical modelling. This area of research acknowledges the complex role of diseases in shaping ecosystem dynamics: on the one side, pathogens and parasites are a fundamental, and sometime overlooked driver of species evolution and ecological adaptations of populations. On the other hand, changes in abundance and distribution of host and reservoir populations affects the persistence, occurrence and emergence of diseases. The recent emergence or upsurge of viral infections, also of zoonotic interest, has been linked to climatic and landuse changes that have rapidly altered the balance between hosts, vectors and pathogens; in parallel, the sudden local or regional decrease of population abundance of certain wildlife species, to the point of pushing them to the risk of local extinction, have been put in relation to a variety of factors, such as habitat loss, parasite-mediated apparent competition, and upsurge of diseases. In this talk, I will present some study cases from the empirical essays and mathematical modelling our research group have undertaken for the last &gt;10 yrs in the Alpine environment, which is undergoing an unprecedentedly rapid change under the current climate and global change threats

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Tion beTween dimensions of personaliTy and resul Ts of Therapy in paTienTs wiTh The primary raynaud's phenomenon

summary The r aynaud’s phenomenon is a paroxysmal vasoconstriction of peripheral arterioles in hands, more rarely feet, ears, tongue or mamma. The origin and pathomechanism of the disease is not thoroughly explored, however excessive mental excitation (stress) and cold are considered to be the main causes of the primary r aynaud’s phenomenon. The objective of this research was to investigate whether there exist a correlation between the personality dimensions and the results of the therapy among the patients with the primary r aynaud‘s phenomenon. The group of 60 patients of dermatology clinic of warsaw medical university, diagnosed with primary r aynaud’s phenomenon, took part in this research. patients underwent the pharmacological therapy and the proper therapy consisting of relaxation, sessions of sauna and ir, both lasted 24 weeks. subjects’ personality was evaluated with the use of r evised neo personality inventory (neo-pi-r). investigation covered the correlation research between dimensions of the personality and following features: changes in the capillary circulation, level of anxiety, pain and sweating, efficiency of pharmacological therapy, efficiency of the proper therapy and frequency of the symptom’s recurrence. r esults of the conducted research allowed to assume that the interdisciplinary approach to health problems of patients with the primary rphenomenon is necessary.

Topic: Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Relationship Between Epigenetics and Microbiota in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Microbiota might be considered as a pool for environmental epigenetic factors. Evidence is accumulating that environmental exposures - including microbes, diet, drugs - play a role in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Underlying mechanisms are complex, involving the sensitive interplay of genetics with epigenetics, neuroinflammation and the innate immune system. Modifications of microbiota affect neurogenesis and the maturation of microglia, influencing social behavior, stress-related responses and fear learning mechanisms. The excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex appear to play a key role. The mechanisms through which antibiotics administration may modulate microbiota and, therefore, behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders, may be influenced by several variables such as pre-existing gastrointestinal inflammation, the baseline microbiota composition, diet and stress perception. Probiotics, individualized diet, antibiotics and fecal transplantation could positively modulate the effects of epigenetic factors on neuropsychiatric disorders.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel data hiding and reversible scheme using SMN blocks in VQ-compressed images

Abstract Data hiding is a technique for embedding secret data into cover media. It is important to multimedia security and has been widely studied. Reversible data hiding methods are becoming prevalent in the area because they can reconstruct the original cover image while extracting the embedded data. In this paper, we propose a new reversible method for vector quantization (VQ) compressed images. Our method takes advantages of the relationship among the side match neighbouring (SMN) blocks to achieve reversibility. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher compression rate and larger capacity than other existing reversible methods.

Topic: Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coach yourself : make real changes in your life : it's your life - what are you going to do with it?

Chapter one Change happens Why is it important to be able to change? Welcoming change Chapter two BYO - can you be your own life coach? Chapter three All change What works and what doesn't Chapter four Hopes and dreams What do you really want? Chapter five Whatever turns you on Exploring motivation Chapter six From negative to positive Turning ANTs into PETs Building a solid house of change Chapter seven Solutions, solutions, solutions Moving away from the problem towards a solution Chapter eight Gathering strength (Exploring motivation) Chapter nine Staying on track Chapter ten Do it with a friend Co-coaching Chapter eleven Success Chapter twelve Coach yourself: a life-coaching programme for change Further reading

Topic: Coaching Methods and Impact
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Surimi‐Starch Interactions Based on Mixture Design and Regression Models

ABSTRACT Interaction effects of starch mixtures within surimi gels were investigated by modified distance‐based design and analyzed by linear and nonlinear backward regression models. Nonlinear regression model showed highly significant interaction terms of starch‐surimi, starch‐water, and starchstarch. The response trace plot revealed that shear stress and shear strain were quite sensitive to changes in amounts of starch components. Optimum solution with combinations of various starches, surimi, and water was provided using linear and nonlinear programming.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Openness to experience is associated with better on-road driving performance in older adults

Particularly in older age, personality has been an underrepresented predictor of driving safety. However, when changes in driving-related abilities are inevitable, on-road performance declines and personality traits may play an important role because the need for self-assessment and self-management is rising. In a prospective on-road study with data from N = 81 older drivers, we therefore examined whether and to what extent the Big Five dimensions predict on-road driving performance. Statistical analyses included a multiple regression of on-road driving performance onto the Big Five dimensions. Moreover, we explored the relation of the Big Five dimensions with specific driving dimensions and different driving-relevant variables. Among all Big Five dimensions, only openness to experience significantly predicted on-road performance in older drivers. Moreover, it showed positive correlations with most driving dimensions and several driving-relevant variables. Both openness to experience and extraversion were associated with greater driving practice. Among different personality factors, our results highlight the relevance of openness to experience for on-road driving behavior in older adults. Although personality alone does not appear to adequately predict on-road performance, the examination of specific personality traits may help to identify at-risk drivers and aid in prevention and intervention.

Topic: Older Adults Driving Studies
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Chinese Public Theology: Generational Shifts and Confucian Imagination in Chinese Christianity

It has been widely recognized that Christianity is the fastest growing religion in one of the last communist-run countries of the world: the People’s Republic of China. Yet it would be a mistake to describe Chinese Christianity as merely a clandestine faith or, as hoped by the Communist Party of China, a privatized religion. Alexander Chow argues that, since the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Christians in mainland China have been constructing a more intentional public theology to engage the Chinese state and society. Chinese Public Theology recalls the events which have led to this transformation and examines the developments of Christianity across three generations of Chinese intellectuals from the state-sanctioned Protestant church, the secular academy, and the growing urban renaissance in Calvinism. Moreover, Chow shows how each of these generations have provided different theological responses to the same sociopolitical moments of the last three decades. This book explains that a growing understanding of Chinese public theology has been developed through a subconscious intermingling of Christian and Confucian understandings of public intellectualism. These factors result in a contextually unique understanding of public theology, but also one which is faced by contextual limitations as well. Mindful of this, Chow draws from the Eastern Orthodox doctrine of theosis and the Chinese traditional teaching of the unity of Heaven and humanity (Tian ren heyi) to offer a path forward in the construction of a Chinese public theology. Chinese Public Theology promises a new perspective into the vibrant and growing area of Chinese Christianity.

Topic: Christian Theology and Mission
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences