jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Negative Thinking - A History of the Photographic Negative as a Repressed Other: Conversation with Geoffrey Batchen

Olena Chervonik talks with Geoffrey Batchen about his two most recent publications: Apparitions: Photography and Dissemination, that reached bookshelves in 2018, and Negative/Positive: A History of Photography, slated for release later in 2020. The conversation revolves around the photographic condition of reproducibility, repetition and difference, embedded in the medium from the time of its inception. While Apparitions explores photography’s relation to various newsprint outlets of the nineteenth century, Negative/Positive traces a comprehensive history of the medium’s propensity for multiplication, predicated on the dependence of photographs on the function of a negative, which, according to Batchen, seems to be a repressed Other in photographic history. A vehicle that enables reproducibility, a photographic negative is rarely discussed in critical literature and even more rarely reproduced or featured in the exhibition space. Batchen ponders this occlusion of a medium’s critical component, suggesting that a negative is linked to photography’s operation as capitalist mode of production. By omitting to profile a negative, we naturalize capitalism’s operational logic – a condition that clearly needs to be upset by directing a critical, revelatory, and thus politically engaged spotlight on photography’s predilection for image massification. Keywords: photography, negative, reproducibility, commodification, massification, capitalism, politics of resistance

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SU(5) Compatible Yukawaon Model With Two Family Symmetries U(3)$\times$O(3)

A yukawaon model which is compatible with an SU(5) GUT model is investigated. In a previous SU(5) compatible yukawaon model with a U(3) family gauge symmetry, we could not build a model with a lower energy scale of the family gauge symmetry breaking scale $Λ_{fam}$ than $10^{13}$ GeV, so the family gauge boson effects in the previous model were invisible. In the present model, we consider two family symmetries U(3)$\times$O(3), and we assume that the conventional quarks and leptons $(\bar{\bf 5}+{\bf 10}+{\bf 1})$ of SU(5) are described as $(\bar{\bf 5}_i+{\bf 10}_α+{\bf 1}_α)$ ($ i=1,2,3$ and $α=1,2,3$ are indices of U(3) and O(3), respectively). As a result, we build a model with $Λ_{O3} \sim 10^{16}$ GeV and $Λ_{U3} \sim 10^{3}$ GeV. The lightest U(3) family gauge boson $A_1^1$ will be observed with a mass of the order of 1 TeV.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[CDK1, CCNB1 and NDC80 are associated with prognosis and progression of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatic analysis].

CDK1, CCNB1 and NDC80 genes can be used as prognostic markers of HBV-related HCC and may serve as potential targets in preclinical studies and clinical treatment of HCC.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine Phosphate Plus Theophylline on Murine Sarcoma Virus Transformed Non-Producer Cells

Treatment of Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed non-producer cells. (Ki-3T3) with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine phosphate and theophylline (dbcAMP + Th) resulted in marked changes in morphology, reduction in growth rate, and increased adhesiveness, suggesting a reversal towards the non-transformed BALB/3T3 (B-3T3) parent cell line. The morphologic changes were reversible by removal of the dbcAMP + Th. However, treatment of Ki-3T3 cells had little or no effect on the replication of leukemia virus, the presence and rescuability of the sarcoma genome, and the expression of virus-directed cell surface antigens. Sarcoma virus-transformed cells, including Ki-3T3 cells, characteristically have lowered Km values for glucose transport. The treatment did not affect the Km value, indicating that at least one important biochemical marker of the virus transformed state is unaffected by dbcAMP + Th treatment. Treated Ki-3T3 and B-3T3 cells had markedly increased Vmax values for glucose transport.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Commonplace Viewing and Depth Discrimination

Measures of commonplace depth discrimination were obtained at observation distances of 200, 750, and 1500 feet in an Arctic area over flat terrain. Comparisons were made with similar measures taken over four different kinds of terrain (including an airstrip) in a desert area and with similar data reported by other investigators.The results indicate that within a range of 100 to 3000 feet the standard deviation (precision) of depth discrimination is related to observation distance (D) approximately as the function, D1.35. Within the same range the associated binocular image disparity decreases approximately as D−0.65. It is suggested that for commonplace viewing the angle of disparity is better conceived of as a measure of relative depth acuity rather than of stereoscopic acuity.The results also suggest that under the conditions studied commonplace depth acuity is 95–100% finer than stereoscopic acuity alone, binocular acuity is only slightly, if at all, superior to monocular acuity, and that the qualities of the terrain such as its texture have little or no effect. It was concluded that stereoscopic vision makes only a slight contribution to the precision of depth discrimination although it may be very important in producing a feeling or effect of depth. The hypothesis was put forth that vernier acuity is the major basis for commonplace depth discrimination.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Rule(s) over regulation: the making of water reforms and regulatory cultures in Maharashtra, India

This research focuses on how water sector reforms are unfolding in the state of Maharashtra, India. In 2005, Maharashtra launched an ambitious reform programme with support from the World Bank to establish an independent water regulator and make water user associations mandatory for water delivery in the state. The establishment of the regulator, the first of its kind in the Indian water sector, invited much attention from policy makers and civil society organisations after which several Indian states followed Maharashtra’s footsteps. Celebrated for its ‘independent’ and ‘apolitical’ virtues, this model of regulation was designed to provide answers to inefficiency and political opportunism in the water sector. What gained immense traction in the regulatory discourse was the concept of entitlements and the possibility of introducing water markets for ‘efficient’ pricing and distribution of water. To date, however, this reform project has faced reversals, limitations and subversions which have been described as ‘evolution’ by pro-reformers and ‘failures’ by the resisting groups. This thesis shows how a seemingly ‘apolitical' initiative aimed to dilute the authority of the State in the water sector is subverted to shape and reinforce its control. Though the idea of independent water regulator is increasingly getting mainstreamed into water policy discourses in India, divergent framings and rationales have made regulation a deeply contested political process. In Maharashtra, the turf war between politicians, the water resources department and the water regulator coupled with cases of corporate water grab lie at the heart of rule-making for regulation. This has made the authority of the water regulator and the meaning of regulation ambiguous and blurred. This ambiguity in turn shapes the distribution of water entitlements. In the sugarcane belt of Western Maharashtra where farmers access water from different sources, entitlements are shaped by persistent inequities in water distribution. They take on different meanings as they are subsumed into struggles over water control between the irrigation officials and the farmers on one hand, and amongst different groups of the farmers on the other. This struggle over meanings and practices across the reform process constitutes what I call “regulatory cultures” in this thesis. Using anthropological methods to study policy processes, this work shows how water regulation is discursively shaped and becomes a deeply political practice embedded in networks of power. These networks are formed at the intersection of donors, different layers of irrigation bureaucracy, water user associations and prosperous sugarcane farmers. I argue that the architecture of the Indian State, embedded in these very networks, is central to understanding the politics and practice of water regulation in Maharashtra.

Topic: Water Governance and Infrastructure
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spectrum assignment constraints for improved OSNR in optical networks with dynamic traffic

In dynamic-traffic Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks, it is desirable to guarantee each optical circuit a minimum Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) throughout the circuit's entire lifetime. The objective of this paper is to increase such guaranteed OSNR, which in turn enables bandwidth-efficient modulation formats to be applied to the circuit signals. The guaranteed OSNR is improved by applying OSNR-driven Spectrum Assignment (OSA) constraints to each fiber link in the network, based on its forecast traffic volume (offered load). Applying OSA constraints to fiber links has two conflicting outcomes. On the one hand, circuit requests may experience higher blocking probabilities due to the lack of usable spectrum. On the other hand, the adverse effects of medium nonlinearity may be contained, thus yielding improved circuit OSNR. Two OSA constraints are described and their favorable impact on circuit OSNR (up to 2.75 dB gain) is estimated by using a Gaussian Noise (GN) model and an event-driven simulation of two WDM networks supporting dynamic circuits.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 2208199: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unifying Privacy Policy Detection

Abstract Privacy policies have become a focal point of privacy research. With their goal to reflect the privacy practices of a website, service, or app, they are often the starting point for researchers who analyze the accuracy of claimed data practices, user understanding of practices, or control mechanisms for users. Due to vast differences in structure, presentation, and content, it is often challenging to extract privacy policies from online resources like websites for analysis. In the past, researchers have relied on scrapers tailored to the specific analysis or task, which complicates comparing results across different studies. To unify future research in this field, we developed a toolchain to process website privacy policies and prepare them for research purposes. The core part of this chain is a detector module for English and German, using natural language processing and machine learning to automatically determine whether given texts are privacy or cookie policies. We leverage multiple existing data sets to refine our approach, evaluate it on a recently published longitudinal corpus, and show that it contains a number of misclassified documents. We believe that unifying data preparation for the analysis of privacy policies can help make different studies more comparable and is a step towards more thorough analyses. In addition, we provide insights into common pitfalls that may lead to invalid analyses.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A neuro-inspired architecture for unsupervised continual learning based on online clustering and hierarchical predictive coding

We propose that the Continual Learning desiderata can be achieved through a neuro-inspired architecture, grounded on Mountcastle's cortical column hypothesis. The proposed architecture involves a single module, called Self-Taught Associative Memory (STAM), which models the function of a cortical column. STAMs are repeated in multi-level hierarchies involving feedforward, lateral and feedback connections. STAM networks learn in an unsupervised manner, based on a combination of online clustering and hierarchical predictive coding. This short paper only presents the architecture and its connections with neuroscience. A mathematical formulation and experimental results will be presented in an extended version of this paper.

Topic: Cognitive Science and Education Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The biological activities and phytochemical investigations of acacia Senegal's aqueous extracts of gum Arabic

This study aimed to ascertain the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of gum Arabic aqueous extracts from Acacia Senegal. Furthermore, the phytochemical research on these extracts investigated the metabolically active ingredients in gum Arabic. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by diffusion of the disks .2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity was used to detect antioxidant activity. Then, the anti‑inflammatory activity of gum Arabic using albumin denaturation activity. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in the absence of anthocyans. The results of antioxidant activity by trapping the free radical DPPH obtained show that the extract of gum arabic reveals an interesting activity with a IC50 value of 62,40 ±0.21 mg/ml. Concerning the antibacterial activity, good inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicated that gum arabic showed higher anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting albumin denaturation at 75 mg/ml by 88.4%. The research outcomes demonstrate that Acacia Senegal gum can be useful for alternative treatments.

Topic: Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
THE ANTAGONISM OF MUSCLE RELAXANTS AMBENONIUM AND METHOXYAMBENONIUM IN THE CAT

The ability of ambenonium and a methoxy analogue to antagonize paralysis produced either by tubocurarine or by decamethonium has been studied in the tibialis anterior muscle of the cat under chloralose anaesthesia. In small doses, both oxamides facilitated neuromuscular transmission, but in larger doses they depressed the sensitivity of the motor end plates to depolarizing substances and it is considered that this latter action is sufficient to account for their anti‐decamethonium action. Although both compounds possess anticholinesterase activity, there was found to be no correlation between their relative abilities to antagonize tubocurarine paralysis and their abilities to inhibit muscle cholinesterase in vitro .

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Shaw's Women

WE HAVE ALL HEARD THE OLD COMPLAINT that Shaw could not create a woman in any of his plays without making that woman a female Bernard Shaw. This is, to a certain extent true. In almost every other case, writers choose women characters from two basic sources: the women they would like to meet or the women they have met and on whom they wish to revenge themselves (Strindberg was an extreme case here; Shakespeare did it on more than one occasion). Women writers, of course, do the same with their male characters but mostly in the former category. In the latter case, they do not so much try to get their own back as to use the man in question as a basis for their character-and then remodel him in the way they think he ought to have behaved.

Topic: Literature Analysis and Criticism
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal Sensor Gain Control for Minimum-Information Estimation of Continuous-Time Gauss-Markov Processes

We consider the scenario in which a continuous-time Gauss-Markov process is estimated by the Kalman-Bucy filter over a Gaussian channel (sensor) with a variable sensor gain. The problem of scheduling the sensor gain over a finite time interval to minimize the weighted sum of the data rate (the mutual information between the sensor output and the underlying Gauss-Markov process) and the distortion (the mean-square estimation error) is formulated as an optimal control problem. A necessary optimality condition for a scheduled sensor gain is derived based on Pontryagin's minimum principle. For a scalar problem, we show that an optimal sensor gain control is of bang-bang type, except the possibility of taking an intermediate value when there exists a stationary point on the switching surface in the phase space of canonical dynamics. Furthermore, we show that the number of switches is at most two and the time instants at which the optimal gain must be switched can be computed from the analytical solutions to the canonical equations.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Air Strength of the United States

American air power began, however, by being too little and too late. Its early armament was a grenadelike bomb. World War I produced high hopes and low output: a call for 22,000 aircraft in the first year after American entry; an actual production of 13,894 in two and a half years, with the war long since ended. But the disillusioning experience paid. When two decades later the next war loomed close the United States objective was an annual production of 50,000 planes. The 1944, peak-year production of military aircraft was 96,318.1 Out of that first world conflict, too, came the rudimentary tactics and organization which today are American air power, deployed globally, armed atomically. Never before in the ancient history of war has a single force possessed the destructive power and the ability to deliver it which repose in the air arm of the United States military service.

Topic: Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of GRM: New evidence from the Soviet Union

Gravity information released by the Soviet Union allows the quantitative assessment of how the geopotential research mission (GRM) mission might effect the ability to use global gravity data for continental tectonic interpretation. The information is of an isostatic response spectra for eight individual tectonic units in the USSR. The regions examined include the Caroathians, Caucasus, Urals, Pamirs, Tien-Shan, Altal, Chersky Ridge, and East Siberian Platform. The 1 deg x 1 deg gravity data are used to calculate the admittances are used in two different sorts of tectonic studies of mountain belts in the USSR: (1) interpretation of isostatic responses in terms of plate models of compensation for mountainous terrain. Using geologic information concerning time of the orogeny, lithospheric plates involved, and polarity of subduction in collision zones, they convert the best-fitting flexural rigidity to an elastic plate thickness for the lithospheric plate inferred to underlie the mountains; the isostatic admittance functions is an attempt to directly model gravity and topography data for a few select regions in the Soviet Union. By knowing the value of the expected correlation between topography and gravity from the admittances, the Artemjev's map in mountainous areas can be calibrated, and the maps are converted back to Bouguer gravity. This procedure is applied to the Caucasus and southern Urals.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 04/03/99 THE X-RAY ABSORBER IN BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QUASARS

Recent observations of Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasars demonstrated that the soft X-ray emission of these objects is extremely weak and convincing evidence for very strong absorption by a high column density ( ∼ 10 23.5 cm −2) was obtained for PG 1411+442, even though it is one of the few BAL QSOs strongly detected in soft X-rays. This paper examines the ionization status and geometry of the X-ray absorber by combining the properties of the UV lines with the X-ray continuum absorption. We show that the gas has to have large column densities in ions of major UV absorption lines, such as CIV, NV, OVI and Ne VIII, in order to have sufficient opacity around 0.2 to 0.35 keV. The UV absorption lines have to be saturated if the X-ray absorber intersects the line of sight to the UV continuum emission region. A uniformly covering UV and X-ray absorption model can be constructed for PG 1411+442 but in some other soft X-ray detected BAL QSOs, such as PG 1001+054, the observed line optical depth is much lower than expected from the X-ray absorbing material. We propose a scheme in which a substantial fraction of the line of sight to the continuum source may be covered by either an optically thick flow or clouds in a narrow velocity range, but in which the total covering factor of either the whole flow or all clouds is close to unity. The absorber can contribute significantly to the extremely highly ionized emission lines, such as O VI 1032/1037˚A and Ne VIII 770/780˚A if it covers a substantial fraction of solid angle and if the density is higher than 10 8 cm −3. However, it has very little impact on the medium and low ionization UV lines such as NV, CIV. The profiles of NeVIII and OVI lines may be indicators for the kinematics of the X-ray absorber in QSOs. The observed Ne VIII line profiles in QSOs suggests that the velocity of the gas projected onto our line of sight is similar to that seen in the outflows of the UV BALs. 1.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 2994 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Indonesia", "HasCoordinate is TRUE", "TaxonKey is one of (Xylocarpus moluccensis, Melia azedarach, Lansium domesticum, Swietenia macrophylla, Toona sureni, Chisocheton ceramicus, Dysoxylum densiflorum, Toona sinensis, Dysoxylum, Aglaia argentea, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Walsura robusta, Xylocarpus granatum)" ] } The dataset includes 2994 records from 35 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002130-250811113504898/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Phytochemical compounds biological activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences