jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acute experimental suppurative pancreatitis in the rat.

Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by infusing sodium taurodeoxycholate with or without Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis into the bile-pancreatic duct. Survival did not differ between the 'noninfected bile group' (NIB) and the 'infected bile group' (IB). At standardized macroscopic evaluation, pancreatitis was more severe in the IB group (p less than 0.05). Histologic examination on day 7 showed suppuration of pancreatic tissue in 6/7 IB and 3/14 NIB rats (p less than 0.05). Bacteriologic culture of pancreatic tissue was positive in 6/8 IB and 3/17 NIB rats (p less than 0.01). Bacterial culture of blood, peritoneal fluid of pulmonary tissue was seldom positive. Concordance between microscopically observed suppuration and positive bacterial culture was almost total. Recall antigen skin testing indicated anergy in the IB group, while the NIB group showed moderately diminished reaction (p less than 0.001). Similar increase of S-fibrinogen was found on day 3 in both groups, but complement factor C3 was reduced only in the IB group. This experimental model, with suppurative pancreatitis induced by intraductal infusion of an infected bile salt, may be useful for studies of systemic complications in acute pancreatitis.

Topic: Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Algebras of Acyclic Type

In this paper we consider the problem of determining when an algebra of formal power series over a commutative ring R is the homomorphic image of a reduced incidence algebra P ( R , ∽). The question of when two such algebras are isomorphic is answered in Section 8 of [ 1 ]. A slight generalization of their notion of full binomial type is introduced here. Section 1 contains background material together writh a summary of the results of [ 1 ]. In Section 2 we present the desired characterization, and to conclude an application appears in Section 3. In Section 3 the tools of Section 2 are used to derive an equation of R. W. Robinson and R. P. Stanley which counts labelled, acyclic digraphs.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Plasma in Dentistry : An update

This introductory review on plasma in dentistry is intended to provide with a summary of the current status of this emerging field, its scope, and its broad interdisciplinary approach. When most people think about matter, they think of liquids, solids, and gases. But, there's a fourth category of matter called plasma that's actually the most unusual and the most abundant. It's the stuff of stars, galaxies, and even the northern lights, and it could become a new and painless way to prepare cavities for filling with improved longevity. The plasma is capable of bacterial inactivation and non inflammatory tissue modification, which makes it an attractive tool for the treatment of dental caries and for composite restorations. From distant stars to dental chairs plasmas may promise painfree caries removal and durable restorations. The field is young and hopes are high and this review focuses on some of the recent studies related to it.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nursing care of patients on corticosteroid pulse therapy

Introduction: Intravenous pulse therapy with corticosteroidinvolves administration of high doses (starting from 1 g /day), givenon three or more consecutive days. Because of possible adverseeffects, it is recommended that patients stay at hospital duringadministration of pulse therapy. Monitoring of vital signs can earlyidentify these adverse effects and allow efficient interventionassuring patient’s safety. Uniform nursing care is necessaryconsidering the responsibility of the nursing team regarding drugadministration and follow-up of patients. Objective: To identifythe most important nursing care issues to inpatients undergoingcorticosteroid pulse therapy. Methods: Bibliographic searchin databases, books, articles in endocrinology, pharmacy andnursing journals; discussions with experts in neurology, transplantand pharmacy. Results: Side effects during corticosteroid pulsetherapy may occur as soon as infusion starts. An instrument wasdesigned to monitor such effects and systematize nursing care.Conclusions: Systematized nursing care during corticosteroidpulse therapy leads to early identification of possible complicationsand intervention to minimize them.

Topic: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hiccups
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding health professional role integration in complex adaptive systems A multiple-case study of Physician Assistants in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Background To meet the complex needs of healthcare delivery, the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) introduced Physician Assistants (PAs) into the Ontario health care system in 2006 to help increase access to care, decrease wait times, and improve continuity of care. Integration of new health professional roles is often stymied by role resistance and funding barriers. The characterization of healthcare organizations as complex adaptive systems (CAS) may offer insight into the relationships and interactions that optimize and restrict successful PA integration. The aim of this study is to explore the integration of PAs across multiple settings and to understand the PA role within complex adaptive systems. Methods An exploratory, multiple-case study was used to examine PA role integration in four settings: family medicine, emergency, general surgery, and inpatient medicine. Interviews were conducted with 46 healthcare providers and administrators across 13 hospitals and 6 family medicine clinics in Ontario, Canada. Analysis was conducted in three phases: inductive thematic analysis within each of the four cases; a cross-case thematic analysis; and a broader exploration of cross-case patterns pertaining to specific complexity theory principles of interest. Results Support for PA contributions across various health care settings, the importance of role awareness, supervisory relationship attributes, and role vulnerability (in relation to sustainability and funding) are interconnected and dynamic in hospital and community settings. Findings represent the experiences of PAs and other healthcare providers, and demonstrate how the PA’s willingness to work and ability to build relationships within existing health systems allows for the establishment of interprofessional, collaborative, and person-centered care. As a self-organizing agent in complex adaptive systems (i.e. health organizations), PA role exploration revealed patterns of team behavior, non-linear interconnections, open relationships, dynamic systems, and the legacy of role implementation as defined by complexity theory. Conclusions By exploring the role of PAs across multiple sites, the complexity theory lens concurrently fosters an awareness of emerging patterns, relationships and non-linear interactions within the defined context of the Ontario healthcare system. By establishing collaborative, interprofessional care models in community and hospital settings, PAs are making a significant contribution to Ontario healthcare settings.

Topic: Nursing Roles and Practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Haigh, Joyce Hunter, 1915-2001 :Photographs of medical services in Egypt, Palestine and Italy, during World War II

Photographs of and relating to Joyce Haigh's service as a nurse during World War II. Includes photographs of No 1 NZ Rest Home, Garden City, Cairo; 2GH at El Ballah, Egypt; swimming in the Dead Sea; funeral for nurses and a corporal, Kantara West Cemetery, Egypt; donkey derby; 2GH at Caserta, Italy; medical staff at Edinburgh Medical Mission hospital, Nazareth; Sea of Galilee; posing on balcony of YMCA, Sorrento, Italy
Some of the photographs have inscriptions and date stamps on the verso 
Source of title - Title supplied by Library 
Quantity: 12 b&w original photographic print(s) mounted on 2 foolscap sheets. 
Physical Description: Silver gelatin photographic prints adhered to foolscap paper 
Provenance: Donated by Mrs Joyce Haigh, Lower Hutt, 1992 
Transfers: From Manuscripts & Archives - MS-Papers-4597 : Haigh, Joyce : Papers.

Topic: Archaeological Research and Protection
Subfield: Space and Planetary Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review of Distal Embolism with Respect to Filters for Carotid Artery Stenting

Objective: Carotid artery stenting is performed using a device for preventing distal embolism because vasodilation-related debris may cause cerebral infarction. Concerning filters for preventing embolism, membrane-type filters have been used, but mesh-type filters became commercially available. We have selected filter-assisted stenting as a first-choice procedure. We examined post-treatment filters under a microscope, and reviewed the pathogenesis of distal embolism.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Keratan sulfate proteoglycan: putative template for neuroblast migratory and axonal fascicular pathways and fetal expression in globus pallidus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb

Abstract Keratan sulfate (KS) is a proteoglycan secreted in the fetal brain astrocytes and radial glia into extracellular parenchyma as granulofilamentous deposits. KS surrounds neurons except dendritic spines, repelling glutamatergic and facilitating GABAergic axons. The same genes are expressed in both neuroblast migration and axonal growth. This study examines timing of KS during morphogenesis of some normally developing human fetal forebrain structures. Twenty normal human fetal brains from 9-41 weeks gestational age were studied at autopsy. KS was examined by immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed paraffin sections, plus other markers including synaptophysin, S-100β protein, vimentin and nestin. Radial and tangential neuroblast migratory pathways from subventricular zone to cortical plate were marked by KS deposits as early as 9wk GA, shortly after neuroblast migration initiated. During later gestation this reactivity gradually diminished and disappeared by term. Long axonal fascicles of the internal capsule and short fascicles of intrinsic bundles of globus pallidus and corpus striatum also appeared as early as 9-12wk, as fascicular sleeves before axons even entered. Intense KS occurs in astrocytic cytoplasm and extracellular parenchyma at 9wk in globus pallidus, 15wk thalamus, 18wk corpus striatum, 22wk cortical plate, and hippocampus postnatally. Corpus callosum and anterior commissure do not exhibit KS at any age. Optic chiasm shows reactivity at the periphery but not around intrinsic subfasciculi. We postulate that KS forms a chemical template for many long and short axonal fascicles before axons enter and neuroblast migratory pathways at initiation of migration. Cross-immunoreactivity with aggrecan may render difficult molecular distinction.

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies in the Physiology of Obligate Parasitism

Journal Article Studies in the Physiology of Obligate Parasitism: I. The Stimuli determining the Direction of Growth of the Germ-tubes of Rust and Mildew Spores Get access SYDNEY DICKINSON SYDNEY DICKINSON School of AgricultureCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 13, Issue 1, January 1949, Pages 89–104, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083208 Published: 01 January 1949

Topic: Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Wind Turbine Integration - Can Current Allocation Policies Curb Transmission Grid Congestions Caused by Renewables Feed-In?

In Germany, political decisions drive the allocation of wind turbines together with investment decisions, social rejections, land use planning, regional development and ecological aspects. The past few years show that the development of renewables is faster than the grid expansion, leading to congestions in the transmission grid. Expensive redispatch measures resolve congestions but the high costs have become a subject of intense economic and political discussions. A main cause is that sites with high wind yield and load centers fall apart geographically, leading to changes in the transmission grid load flows. In order to prevent a further escalation of the problem, regulatory policies try to shift the allocation of wind turbines until the transmission grid development has caught up. However, the exact design of regulatory instruments and their technical suitability to solve the problem are unclear. The question arises whether policies addressing wind turbine allocation are suited to curb future transmission grid congestions and how they should be designed. This applies especially to the so-called grid expansion area, a regulatory scheme currently in place. In this paper, we use a toolchain of an allocation model for wind turbines which can take current or newly developed regulatory instruments into account, a market simulation and redispatch simulation for the transmission grid. Results are - amongst others - redispatch volume and costs. Based on those results for different scenarios with and without regulatory instruments, an indication of the suitability and design of those instruments is possible.

Topic: Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Untangling Strongly and Weakly Interacting Configurations in Many-electron Wave Functions

Accurate solution of the many-electron problem including correlations remains intractable except for few-electron systems. Describing interacting electrons as a superposition of independent electron configurations results in an apparent combinatorial scaling to achieve an accurate solution. Many approximate approaches for large systems have been introduced, yet controlling and quantifying the error remains a significant hurdle for comparison to experiment. Perturbation calculations are a popular means to estimate neglected energy contributions but give rise to two unanswered questions. How to select a reference state ensuring perturbation corrections will be well-behaved? What is the residual error relative to the exact solution? Conditions to specify these two elusive requisites are given by introducing a partitioning of the electronic configurations into reference and interaction spaces with sampling of neglected configurations using renormalization group ideas. This approach is applied to the molecular (non-relativistic Coulomb) Hamiltonian to identify continuous phase transitions in the energy as a function of the number of configurations. Identification of the minimum number of reference configurations such that the neglected space consists primarily of independent energy contributions is achieved. Balancing the magnitude of the neglected contributions between two calculation enables prediction of accurate physical properties for which calculations would otherwise not be achievable using an expansion consisting of a full set of configurations. Consistent with the use of the molecular Hamiltonian, the analysis is valid for any finite fermion system described by a Hamiltonian consisting of one- and two-body operators.

Topic: Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trophic interactions of ants, birds and bats affecting crop yield along shade gradients in tropical agroforestry

Tropical agroforests are diverse systems where several predator groups shape animal communities and plant-arthropod interactions. Ants, birds and bats in particular can reduce herbivores and thereby increase crop yield. However, the relative importance of these groups, whether they interact, and how this is affected by management and landscape context, is poorly understood.&#13;\nWe jointly manipulated access of ants, birds and bats in Indonesian smallholder cacao agroforestry across gradients of shade and distance to natural forest. We quantified arthropod abundance, pest damage and yield. The trophic web within ant communities was investigated by analyzing stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes. Thereby, we examined how trophic positions of ants respond to plant phenology, shade cover and distance to forest margins.&#13;\nOur results suggest: (1) The Impact of ants and birds on cacao yield is economically relevant, and depends on shade-tree management. (2) Intraspecific diets of ants are conditional to plant phenology and help to distinguish species-specific ecosystem services and disservices. (3) Both, trophic plasticity and species turnover are mechanisms defining ecological functions of omnivore communities. (4) Diet shifts are conditional to co-occurring, competing species.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Propagation modeling for land mobile satellite communications

Satellite systems are being planned for two-way communication with mobile vehicles using UHF and L-band frequencies. Of special concern in the system design are the characteristics of propagation in suburban and rural areas where fading occurs due to multipath effects and vegetative shadowing. A review of the literature was performed to study these propagation impairments. Available experimental data are examined, compared, and summarized. Propagation through vegetation is studied in order to compare reported modeling efforts and to determine the parameter dependences of path loss. A simple deterministic path model is then presented to estimate vegetative path loss. An overall statistical model is also proposed to describe the signal level fading statistics. The statistical model is compared to data, and the deterministic path model is used to determine the mean of signal level distribution functions in the presence of shadowing.

Topic: Satellite Communication Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Proposals for Introducing Criminal Responsibility for Arbitrators

The paper provides a critical analysis of the draft law on the introduction of certain norms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation concerning the criminal responsibility of arbitrators. The authors present a number of arguments regarding the fact that the prerequisites for the introduction of such responsibility in Russia are currently absent, since the issue is not sufficiently theoretically developed. Issues related to determining the legal responsibility of an arbitrator in various legal systems are considered. The authors substantiate the thesis that in the existing conditions other legal instruments for stimulating the proper activity of arbitrators are more effective, a number of which are successfully applied. In addition, the implementation of the initiative in modern conditions may involve costs that exceed the expected result. It is proved that in the case of imposition of responsibility for arbitrators a set of safeguards activities of arbitrators should be simultaneously legislated. Here, the authors propose to establish guarantees of non-interference in professional activities of an arbitrator as well as legal responsibility for obstructing the activities of an arbitrator’s resolution of a particular dispute. The authors suggest that abitritrators be referred to those individuals who are subject to special procedure of criminal proceedings. It is necessary to provide at the legislative level elements of self-regulation associated with the formation of the arbitration bodies who possess significant powers, including regarding the involvement of arbitrators to criminal responsibility. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the relevant issues need to be thoroughly and comprehensively worked out and professionally discussed, which may precede possible changes in legislation.

Topic: Legal and Policy Issues
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Expression of <scp>SLC</scp> 4A11 protein in mouse and rat medulla: a candidate transporter involved in outer medullary ammonia recycling

SLC4A11 is a multifunctional membrane transporter involved with H<sup>+</sup> transport, NH<sub>3</sub> and alkaline pH stimulated H<sup>+</sup> transport, and water transport. The role of SLC4A11 in the kidney is not well understood. A prior study has shown that in murine kidney, SLC4A11/LacZ staining is primarily in the long-looped descending thin limb (DTL) as determined by colocalization with aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a protein that is expressed in some, but not all, descending thin limb segments. Using a previously characterized polyclonal antibody, we demonstrate the selective expression of SLC4A11 in the upper DTLs (which are AQP1-positive) in the outer medulla and inner medulla with little or no expression in the lower DTLs (which are AQP-1-null). SLC4A11 also colocalized with AQP1 and the urea transporter UT-B in the mouse descending vasa recta, but was absent in mouse and rat ascending vasa recta. Mouse, but not rat, outer medullary collecting duct cells also labeled for SLC4A11. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that in the inner stripe of the outer medulla, SLC4A11 plays a role in the countercurrent transport of ammonia absorbed from the outer medullary thick ascending limb and secreted into the long-looped DTLs. SLC4A11 can potentially modulate the rate of ammonia transport in the mouse outer medullary collecting duct. Our data suggest functionally unique SLC4A11 pathways in mouse and rat and complement previous studies of DTL Na<sup>+</sup> , urea and water permeability indicating that the upper and lower DTLs of long-looped nephrons are functionally distinct.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences