jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Study of correlation between urinary IL-6 level and mesangial lesion in childhood onset IgA nephropathy].

In the present study, urinary IL-6 levels in 28 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 10 patients with idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome (IMCNS) and 11 normal controls were measured using by an ELISA method to clarify the role of IL-6 as an autocrine growth factor of mesangial cells. Spot urine was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 degrees C and the supernatant was utilized as samples. The patients with IgAN were classified into three groups, group I (18 patients); minor glomerular abnormalities, group II (5 patients); focal segmental lesions, group III (5 patients); diffuse glomerulonephritis, according to the WHO classification of glomerular diseases. Geometric mean +/- S.E. of urinary IL-6 was 1.619 +/- 0.075 in patients with IgAN (group I; 1.432 +/- 0.078, group II; 1.920 +/- 0.181 and group III; 1.987 +/- 0.055), 0.681 +/- 0.174 in IMCNS and 0.506 +/- 0.181 in normal controls, respectively. Urinary IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in patients with IgAN than in IMCNS and normal controls, but did not necessarily reflect the severity of mesangial lesions. Some patients with prominent segmental mesangial proliferation in group II showed much higher urinary IL-6 levels than those in group III. Elevated urinary IL-6 levels in group II may be involved in higher activity of mesangial proliferation, and the decreased production of IL-6 observed in some patients of group III may related to advanced glomerular sclerosis. The results suggests that IL-6 plays an important role as a mesangial proliferative growth factor in IgAN and that measurement of urinary IL-6 levels by an ELISA method is a useful method to estimate the degree of mesangial proliferation and disease activities easily and noninvasively in patients with IgAN.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cytogenetic Studies on Radioresistant Cells Derived from Mouse Strain L Cells in Cell Culture

Several variants have been obtained from mouse strain L cells in cell culture after repeated treatments with chemical and physical agents such as mitomycin C, 8-azaguanine, and ultraviolet irradiation (1). The radiosensitivity of L cells has been studied by Whitfield and Rixon (2), who observed that radioresistant derivatives could be obtained after a treatment with a single large dose of X-irradiation. On the other hand, Rhynas and Newcombe (3) have obtained some strains resistant to X-ray by repeated exposures of mass cultures of the original L cells. In the present investigation, by repeated y-irradiation of surviving cells on each sequential passage by a method similar to those reported previously (1), a pure line of resistant cells which differed distinctively in chromosome distribution from the original L cells was obtained. These resistant cells could provide a useful tool for genetic and biochemical studies of somatic mammalian cells in vitro, such as in studies of transformation of the type seen in microorganisms. Furthermore, comparison of various genetic characters of radioresistant cells with those of the original L cells could shed light on the nature of radiation effects on mammalian cells. The present paper describes the isolation from the original L cells of cells resistant to -y-rays, and the cytogenetic characters of these resistant cells.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mejan Tanpa Kepala di Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat (Pendekatan Motivasi Religi terhadap Fenomena Pencurian Artefak Megalitik)

AbstractThis article studies the problems about phenomenon to the number of mejans (megalitik statue) that founded without head in Regency of Pakpak Bharat, North Sumatera. Through by approach the religion motivation theory, this article try to study those problems pursuant to any kind motivation of existing in the thieves’ mind, which made them dare to steal mystique mejan. The motivations indicated have a link with religion motivation. There are some interesting things found that some of theft case lead mejan. At the end of this article, author want to open anopinion discourse, how to save that mejans so that more taken care and can reduced the risk of stealing mejans.

Topic: Cultural and Artistic Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FIGURE 1 in The long-tongued Cretaceous scorpionfly Parapolycentropus Grimaldi and Rasnitsyn (Mecoptera: Pseudopolycentropodidae): New data and interpretations

FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of male Parapolycentropus paraburmiticus. A. JZC Bu81. B. JZC Bu82. C. JZC Bu148. D. JZC Bu273. All to the same scale.

Topic: Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplemental figures from Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: Chemical structures of mitochondria-targeted metformin analogs and the synthetic pathway. Supplemental Figure 2: Effects of Met and Mito-Met10 on proliferation of mouse pancreatic cancer cells. Supplemental Figure 3: The effects of Mito-Met10, Met and other mitochondria-targeted agents (MTAs) on intracellular ATP level and cell death in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Supplemental Figure 4: Mito-Met10, but not control long chain compound (Dec-TPP+), exhibits selectivity in inhibition of cancer cell viability. Supplemental Figure 5: Effects of Mito-Met2 and Mito-Met6 on PDAC proliferation. Supplemental Figure 6: Intracellular concentrations of Mito-Met10 in cancer and normal cells. Supplemental Figure 7: Intracellular redox signaling in Mito-Met10-treated PDAC cells. Supplemental Figure 8: Measurement of respiratory activity in permeabilized cells using extracellular flux analysis and effects of Mito-Met10 and Met on mitochondrial complex I activity. Supplemental Figure 9: Mito-Met10 and metformin directly inhibit pyruvate-driven, but not succinate-driven, respiration in permeabilized cells. Supplemental Figure 10: High concentrations of Mito-Met10 induce cellular oxidants in HPNE cells. Supplemental Figure 11: Tissue accumulation of Mito-Met10 in in vivo FC-1242-luc orthotopic mouse model.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MICROMORPHOLOGY OF A NOVEL FUNGAL DECAY IN PRESERVATIVE-TREATED PINUS RADIATA WOOD IN WET ACIDIC SOILS

Light microscopy of Pinus radiata D. Don field test stakes (20 x 20 x 500 mm) exposed in wet acidic (pH4.5) soil for 12-24 months showed predominance of an unusual type of decay characterised by tunnelling attack of wood cell walls. After 2 years, decay was moderate to severe in wood treated to ground contact CCA specifications and also equivalent retentions of creosote, and a number of new generation preservatives. Relative to other New Zealand temperate test sites and also an Australian tropical site, the New Zealand acidic soil test site was very aggressive. Correlative microscopy, including light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was used to elucidate the micromorphology of this attack. Tunnels of diameter 0.2—5 urn were present throughout all layers of the cell wall, and their orientation was not related to the cellulose microfibril orientation. They also showed no preference for particular cell wall layers, indicating a lignin-degrading capability. CLSM images showed that living, connecting fungal hyphae were present in the cell lumina and tunnels, and this was also confirmed by other forms of microscopy used. This type of attack was predominant in wood that was highly saturated with water whereas wood that was less moist was attacked predominantly by classical white rot at the same site. Ongoing isolation and incubation studies in conjunction with further microscopy should enable identification of the fungal species involved.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A big data inspired preprocessing scheme for bandwidth use optimization in smart cities applications using Raspberry Pi

The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as low-cost embedded single board computers which integrate sensors, communication hardware, and processing power in one unit, has given more traction to the concept of Smart Cities. Having cheaper processing power at their disposal, the sensing units are capable of gathering increasingly larger amounts of raw data locally, which must be processed before being usable. One concern for this scheme is the amount of infrastructure and network bandwidth needed to transfer the data from the acquisition location to a server, which may be miles away, for further processing. The bandwidth available to the sensor network, distributed through the city, is expanding in a lower rate than the size and bandwidth demand of the network it serves. Therefore, transferring the unprocessed data to a central server does not seem feasible unless major compromises are made in terms of data resolution and size. This paper proposes a local big data based preprocessing scheme before the data is transferred to the storage. Using this scheme can free up the network bandwidth, exploit the otherwise wasted local processing power, and release processing load from the central server, allowing it to serve a larger network without the need for more powerful hardware. By making efficient use of network infrastructure the smart city applications are more affordable and scalable.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive Discretization for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

We introduce the technique of adaptive discretization to design an efficient model-based episodic reinforcement learning algorithm in large (potentially continuous) state-action spaces. Our algorithm is based on optimistic one-step value iteration extended to maintain an adaptive discretization of the space. From a theoretical perspective we provide worst-case regret bounds for our algorithm which are competitive compared to the state-of-the-art model-based algorithms. Moreover, our bounds are obtained via a modular proof technique which can potentially extend to incorporate additional structure on the problem. From an implementation standpoint, our algorithm has much lower storage and computational requirements due to maintaining a more efficient partition of the state and action spaces. We illustrate this via experiments on several canonical control problems, which shows that our algorithm empirically performs significantly better than fixed discretization in terms of both faster convergence and lower memory usage. Interestingly, we observe empirically that while fixed-discretization model-based algorithms vastly outperform their model-free counterparts, the two achieve comparable performance with adaptive discretization.

Topic: Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CASE REPORT Actinomycosis of the Upper Lip

Actinomycotic infections are known to have an association with difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. These infections usually involve the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen. Actinomycosis of the upper lip is a rare condition and an important one as well, because it can imitate other diseases. As the initial impression, it can easily be mistaken for a mucocele, venous lake, or benign neoplasm. An 82-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic normal skin colored nodule on the upper lip. Histopathologic findings showed an abscess and sulfur granules in the dermis. Gram staining results showed a mesh of branching rods. In this report, we present an unusual case of actinomycosis of the upper lip and discuss its characteristics and therapeutic modalities. (Ann

Topic: Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE BUYER’S GENDER AND THE EFFECT OF PROMOTION ACTIVITIESON THE PROCESS OF SELECTION OF FOOD PRODUCTS

The aim of the considerations and analyzes presented in the publication is to approximate the importance of gender in shaping the behavior of buyers in the decision-making process. The main research goal was to assess the impact of promotional activities on the consumer purchasing process on the market for selected food products. The research part was based on the results of surveys that were conducted in 2016 on a group of 486 food consumers using the targeted selection method. The research has shown that the importance of particular promotional activities in the purchasing process of the surveyed consumers was different depending on the gender. Statistical analyzes show that these differences were not large. Based on the respondents’ answers, it can be noticed that men were much more sensitive to promotional activities in their decisions related to product selection. The respondents in the group of purchasers of fruit and vegetables and dairy products were the most diversified in the assessment of the impact of advertising on the basis of gender, and the least diversified were the purchaser of meat products.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and its synergism with Cleome viscosa

KEYWORDS The phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and in vitro antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of Moringa oleifera roots were investigated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids in roots of Moringa oleifera. The extracts were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against selected otitis media pathogens S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae by disc diffusion method. Most prominent activity was shown by acetone extract against P. aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae followed by E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae. Effective zone range was 19-35 mm and MIC range was 4-16 mg/ml. Antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in acetone extract was 84.23 %, 60.00 % and 43.30 % at 10µg/ml, 50µg/ml and 100µg/ml respectively. Moringa oleifera and Cleome viscosa combination demonstrated strong synergistic effect towards K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The antibacterial effects of Moringa oleifera alone as well as in combination with Cleome viscosa against all tested pathogens suggest their potential use as alternative tools for controlling otitis media. Otitis media, Antimicrobial Activity, Moringa oleifera, Cleome viscosa, Synergistic activity.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolution of differential renal function after acute pyelonephritis

99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans can provide accurate diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, its sequelae (renal scars) and differential renal function (DRF). The purposes of this retrospective study were (1) to assess the relationship between DRF obtained during acute pyelonephritis and at follow-up, and (2) to elucidate the value of initial DRF in predicting subsequent renal scars. A total of 47 children were enrolled. All had both unilateral acute pyelonephritis diagnosed by initial DMSA renal scans, and follow-up DMSA renal scans. We found the correlation between initial and follow-up DRF poor (adjusted R2 = 0.396). Whether or not renal scars developed determined the follow-up DRF. Vesicoureteral reflux was significantly more common in children who developed renal scars. In addition, the higher the grade of vesicoureteral reflux, the lower the follow-up DRF and the improvement in DRF. When using a DRF of 46 % as the cut-off value to predict subsequent renal scars, the sensitivity and specificity were 47.8 % and 83.3%, respectively. Owing to the low sensitivity, initial DRF is not suitable for predicting the occurrence of renal scars. ( # 2002 Lippincott Williams &amp;amp; Wilkins)

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Clinical Significance of the Inversive Phenomenon of Human Optokinetic After-Nystagmus (OKAN)

The acceleration method is used for OKN stimulation. OKN stimulus is gradually increased at an acceleration velocity of 1°/sec2. When the appearance of OKN is optimal for the test subject, the light is suddenly turned off. Usually the best range to elicit OKN in humans is 70-80°/sec.The subsequent OKAN is then recorded by electronystagmography in a completely dark room. Recordings are made for approximately 2 minutes after the light is turned off. The present study evaluated the significance of clinically diagnosing the inversive phenomenon of human OKAN. In normal OKAN, OKAN-I (OKAN in the Ipsilateral Direction) appears in the same direction as the OKN stimulation. In a few cases, OKAN-C (OKAN in the Contralateral Direction)appears in the opposite direction of the initial OKN stimulus. When such reaction is seen bilaterally, this is the inversive phenomenon of OKAN. This phenomenon is never seen in normal subjects. The inversive phenomenon in OKAN is thought to be due to bilateral suppression of OKAN-I and the appearance of OKAN-C immediately after OKN stimulation.Among 5542 cases in which the OKAN test was performed over a 7 year period, the inversive phenomenon was seen in 258 cases (4.7%). These inversive cases may be classified into 4 major groups. The first group includes cases of unilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance (49 cases), the second, those of bilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance (51 cases), the third, those of cerebrovascular disturbance in the vertebro-basilar artery distribution (103 cases), and the fourth group, others (55 cases).In clinical experiments, bilateral OKAN-I was suppressed after unilateral anesthesia of the inner ear, followed by the early appearance of bilateral OKAN-C. So in unilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance, vestibular compensation by the vestibulo-cerebellum acts intensively to augment OKAN-C. The intensive expression of such vestibular compensation is thought to represent the inversive phenomenon of the OKAN. According to these results, vestibular compensation from the vestibulo-cerebellum appears to act symmetrically on the right and left velocity storage integrators.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Phytic Acid on the Hydrolysis of Lactose with<i>β</i>-Galactosidase

The effects of phytate on the hydrolysis of lactose with β-galactosidases from bovine liver and Escherichia coli were investigated. The activities of both β-galactosidases were decreased to the same extent by increased concentrations of phytate. The rates of inhibition of β-galactosidase activity from E. coli in a reaction mixture containing 10 mm of phytate were 78.9% and 64.4%, respectively, in the absence of and with 4 mm of Mg2 +. Therefore, it was found that the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ was hardly affected by the presence of phytate in the range from 2 to 10 mm. The β-galactosidase activity was also not influenced by preincubating β-galactosidase or lactose with phytate. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of β-galactosidase activity by phytate was of an uncompetitive type with a Ki value of 3.46 mm. Therefore, it is considered that phytate may interact with a complex of ß-galactosidase and lactose.

Topic: Digestive system and related health
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Surface-Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Seeking Molecular Biotargets in Lung Cancer Cells

Personalized medicine is a new approach to modern oncology. Here, to facilitate the application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from lung cancer cells as potent advanced therapy medicinal products in lung cancer, the EV membrane was functionalized with a specific ligand for targeting purposes. In this role, the most effective heptapeptide in binding to lung cancer cells (PTHTRWA) was used. The functionalization process of EV surface was performed through the C- or N-terminal end of the heptapeptide. To prove the activity of the EVs functionalized with PTHTRWA, both a model of lipid membrane mimicking normal and cancerous cell membranes as well as human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) have been exposed to these bioconstructs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the as-bioengineered PTHTRWA-EVs loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO) cargos reach the growing tumor when dosed intravenously in NUDE Balb/c mice bearing A549 cancer. Molecular dynamics (MD) in silico studies elucidated a high affinity of the synthesized peptide to the α5β1 integrin. Preclinical safety assays did not evidence any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects of the PTHTRWA-bioengineered EVs.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SH1016924.10FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences