jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the development of innovative nano- and biotechnologies

Nano- and biotechnologies are the key elements of the complex of NBIC-technologies, developed within the concept of continuous growth of innovations in the context of the transition to the sixth technological mode. The purpose of the article is to study the prospects for the development of nano- and biotechnologies in various sectors of the economy, as well as explore opportunities for accelerating the commercialization of research results in these areas. The article’s relevance is confirmed by the strengthening of the role of nano- and biotechnologies in the sphere of innovation development of countries worldwide. The results of the study have shown that the nanotechnology market has a divergent structure, and the basic characteristic of nanoproducts is their interdisciplinary nature. The world leaders in the production and commercialization of nanotechnologies are the United States, China, Japan, Germany and South Korea. Biotechnologies are developing rapidly as well. Worldwide, the largest number of biotechnologies is created in areas such as health care (biomedicine and biopharmaceuticals), industry and agriculture. The leading countries in the field of development and commercialization of biotechnologies are the United States, France, Germany and South Korea.

Topic: Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends from Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Promotes Growth and Metastasis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 145K, Legends for Supplementary Figures 1-5&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Circular RNAs in diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 92533 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is one of (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini)", "TaxonKey is one of (Erythropygia leucophrys (Vieillot, 1817))", "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1950", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "DistanceFromCentroidInMeters is greater than or equal to 2000" ] } The dataset includes 92533 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002848-250117142028555/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fournier's syndrome following anorectal examination and mucosal biopsy

We have presented a rare instance of Fournier's synergistic gangrene following anorectal examination and biopsy. Early diagnosis and extensive debridement were necessary. Extensive debridement necessitated a significant reconstruction task. This technique of genital reconstruction should be familiar to surgeons dealing with colonic and rectal disease.

Topic: Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Weekend Formats in Counsellor Education: A Case Example in the United States

Abstract Various course and program formats have been developed to better meet the needs of graduate students. One of them is the development of weekend-only courses and programs. This article examines one weekend counsellor education format in the United States, the St. Bonaventure University program offered in the Buffalo (New York) area, in detail. This program is offered approximately 60 miles from its main campus, and 10 cohorts have graduated since its inception in 1995. Advantages of the program include closer learner–instructor relationships as well as the community spirit that is created through lengthier class times. Covering and learning course material in shorter time spans are important challenges. Suggestions for implementation of a weekend program are included.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abdominal symptoms, hypercalcaemia and apathetic hyperthyroidism: treatment with pamidronate.

A 24-year-old man with anorexia, repeated bouts of vomiting, and wasting was found to have florid thyrotoxicosis and hypercalcaemia. Pamidronate promptly reduced the serum calcium concentration to normal, and simultaneously abated the abdominal symptoms, which did not recur in spite of continuing severe hyperthyroidism, which was eventually controlled by radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid activity.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Yukmijihwang-tang on Maximal Exercise Performance

Yukmijihwang-tang (YM) is a well-known prescription to treat kidney inflammation on Korea. However, the effects of YM on maximal exercise performance (MEP) is not-well investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of YM on MEP using forced swimming test (FST) model. Mice were largely divided into three group; a non-swimming group, saline treated-swimming load test group, and YM treated-swimming load group. Swimming load test groups were re-divided into swimming control group (Control), YM fed group (YM). YM was administrated orally for 2 weeks before FST. After FST, immobility time, oxygen consumption was measured by physiological test, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. FST induced MEP identified by increased immobility, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors. Immobility time was significantly reduced by YM treatment compared with control group. Oxygen consumption was also significantly reduced by YM treatment. The increase on lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase after FST was inhibited by YM treatment. In addition, consumption of energy source (free fatty acid, and triglyceride) and recovery of energy was enhanced by YM treatment after FST. In conclusion, YM inhibited the elevation of immobility time, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors after FST. YM could be used as a beneficial agents to enhance maximal endurance exercise performance and an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Predictive Value of Uterine Artery Doppler Indices versus Histopathology Sampling in Detection of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users

ABSTRACT 5 Background: Contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) is a successful method of contraception that has been used for more than 30 years. However, it is associated with excessive uterine bleeding, that might cause iron deficiency anaemia, making CIUD use inconvenient for many women especially those with severe menstruation. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the correlation between abnormal uterine bleeding in IUD users, Doppler uterine artery [Pulsitility Index (PI); Resistant Index (RI)] using transvaginal ultrasound and Doppler with endometrial sampling. Methods: Study included 120 women from the obstetrics and gynaecology departments of Zagazig University Hospitals, divided into three groups: Group I included 40 women who used intrauterine coipper (TCu-380A) and complained of menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia. Group II included 40 womenusing CIUD and not complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding. Group III included 40 women complaining of vaginal discharge or requesting CIUD insertion, and not complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding as a control group. Results: PI and RI were significantly lower in IUD-induced irregular bleeding than in IUD-induced women who did not complain of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Conclusion: Endometrial biopsy has no role in predicting the abnormal uterine bleeding cause. Transvaginal ultrasonography findings can be efficiently used to classify women at risk of experiencing excessive uterine bleeding following CIUD insertion and to make a preliminary diagnosis, thus, notify the pathologists.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of methamphetamine concentrations in oral fluid, urine and hair of twelve drug abusers using solid-phase extraction and GC-MS

Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) is the most abused drug in Korea. In order to investigate the correlation of MA disposition in oral fluid, urine and hair specimens, quantitative analysis for MA and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) was performed. Methods: Twelve drug abuser's oral fluid, urine and hair samples, submitted by the Police for drug testing, were used. As the preliminary test, MA was screened in urine and oral fluid by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction after dilution with phosphate buffer. Hair samples were finely cut and incubated for 20 h in 1 mL methanol. Samples were derivatized with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride for oral fluids and urines and trifluoroacetic acid anhydride for hairs. Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by GC-MS using SIM mode for oral fluids and hairs and full scan mode for urines. Results and conclusion: Concentrations of MA and AM in twelve urine samples ranged 120.4–73 216.0 and 67.6–4238.4 ng/mL, respectively. For oral fluids, just one sample gave negative result, and concentrations of MA and AM in eleven samples ranged 104.2–4603.3 and 32.4–268.6 ng/mL, respectively. For hairs, the concentrations of MA and AM were 3.40–98.25 and 0.21–4.35 ng/mg, respectively in twelve samples. The average ratios of AM/MA in urine, oral fluid and hair for eleven samples were 0.12, 0.11 and 0.06, respectively. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference of AM/MA ratios between three specimens. Multiple comparison by Tukey method, AM/MA ratio of hair was significantly lower than urine and oral fluid.

Topic: Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
P-SPICE SIMULATION OF SPLIT DC SUPPLY CONVERTER

This paper describes a new split source type converter topology for switched reluctance motor drives. The general operating principle of split DC supply converter is done. The discussions of the advantages, disadvantages and applications are done. The phase current and Fourier analysis of the converter is done using P-spice simulation. The main advantage of the converter is fast suppression of the tail current in the phase-winding, hence, resulting in minimization of negative torque using doubly boosted voltage in the demagnetizing mode. The control characteristic of the converter is compared with those of the asymmetric bridge converter that is widely used.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 288294: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Mystery of the Disappearing Diamond

Abstract This chapter agrees that the knowability principle fails as an expression of anti-realism. It takes issue with Kvanvig (2006), in which it is argued that the real paradoxicality of Fitch's proof is the modal collapse that occurs in the reasoning from the knowability principle to the omniscience principle.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The CAD risk locus 9p21 increases the risk of vascular calcification in an iPSC-derived VSMC model

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Chromosome locus 9p21 was the first to be associated with increased risk of CAD and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Vascular calcification increases the risk for CAD. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the major cell types involved in the development of vascular calcification. Methods: So far, mainly animal models or primary SMCs have been used to model human vascular calcification. In this study, a human in vitro assay using iPSC-derived VSMCs was developed to examine vascular calcification. Human iPSCs were derived from a healthy non-risk (NR) and risk (R) donor carrying SNPs in the 9p21 locus. Additionally, 9p21 locus knockouts of each donor iPSC line (NR and R) were used. Following differentiation, the iPSC-derived VSMCs were characterized based on cell type, proliferation and migration rate, along with calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits. CaP deposits were confirmed using Calcein and Alizarin Red S staining and then quantified. Results: The data demonstrated significantly more proliferation, migration, and CaP deposition in VSMCs derived from the R and both KO iPSC lines than in those derived from the NR line. Molecular analyses confirmed upregulation of calcification markers. These results are consistent with recent data demonstrating increased calcification when the 9p21 murine ortholog is knocked-out. Conclusion: Therefore, in conclusion, genetic variation or deletion of the CAD risk locus leads to an increased risk of vascular calcification. This in vitro human iPSC model of calcification could be used to develop new drug screening strategies to combat CAC.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Achaemenid Persian Empire

Abstract The Achaemenid Persian Empire was history’s first hyperpower, ruling much of the known earth from the reign of Cyrus the Great in the mid-sixth century to the defeat of Darius III by Alexander of Macedon in 331 bce. The Achaemenid Empire’s evident debt to its predecessors in Elam, Assyria, and Babylonia may be contrasted with a deconstruction of the so-called Median Empire’s influence, to the point that several scholars question whether the Medes ever ruled a centralized empire in the traditional sense of the term. The Achaemenid Empire’s scale and durative power went beyond conquest. The royal court, satraps, elites, and administrative apparatus combined to substantiate a compelling ideology based upon the centrality of the king. The conquest of the empire by Alexander conjoins the Macedonian’s military success with a necessary reliance on Achaemenid imperial architecture and traditions.

Topic: Eurasian Exchange Networks
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CNN-based Subject-Transfer Approach for Training Minimized Lower-Limb MI-BCIs

The subject-transfer approach has recently been proposed to overcome the limitation of requiring a long training time in the motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, the applicability for reducing the training time for lower-limb MI-BCI has not been investigated yet. In this study, we proposed a dual-domain convolutional neural network (CNN)-based subject-transfer method. We investigated how the classification accuracy changes according to the reduced number of training trials. Two lower-limb MIs (gait and sit-down) and rest electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from five healthy subjects. The CNN model was pre-trained using other subjects' data and fine-tuned with the target subject's training data. There was a significant increase in classification accuracy (7% with 15 and 10 trials) compared to the self-training approach using the same CNN model trained only with the target subject's training data. Based on these results, the subject-transfer approach can contribute to minimizing the training time of lower-limb MI-BCIs while preserving the classification accuracy.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Over Speed Violation Management and Control of Vehicle Based on

Abstract — an intention to work on the topic of this nature is emanated from the interest to explore alternative technological solution to achieve effective speed control. Objective of the study is to design and develop a new system that can effectively detect speed violations on the road and supports the driver to obey traffic rules while driving by maintaining the speed according to the speed limit prescribed. In the present day scenario traffic rules are frequently violated by the drivers and over speeding occur due to bad driving behavior. So, a driver assistance system is provided to prevent over speeding, violation of road rules and also to display alert messages. The proposed system has an alerting, recording and reporting system for over speed violation management. The Zigbee transmitter sends the speed limit of the particular lane entered by the vehicle and also gives alerts like ―road works‖, ―steep slopes‖, ―school zone ‖ in the form of acoustical messages and also in LCD. The receiver unit placed in the vehicle receives the messages and sends to the microcontroller. When speed of the vehicle nears the speed limit it displays the warning and if exceeds the limit, the microcontroller records the violated speed and time. The LCD displays the lane speed limit and shows the number of times, speed was violated. At the same time our system will control the speed, if vehicle user does not slows down the speed to that of particular zone speed limit. System will keep on counting the no. of times speed exceeded, record of which sent to the control room. Increase in the count of violation increases the penalty amount which can be collected in toll gates located nearby. Ultimately driver’s behavior can

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study

Abstract Background Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability. Objective In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression. Methods The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions. Results The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions. Conclusion Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementing the Red Data Book of European Butterflies: the identification of Prime Butterfly Areas

The Red Data Book of European Butterflies provides a new up-to-date review to identify conservation priorities and a new Red List for the 576 butterfly species known to occur in Europe. The geographical scope is continent-wide, and covers all countries within the Council of Europe, including the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Russia east to the Ural mountains and the whole of Turkey. Data were collected through a network of over 50 expert national compilers and threat status was assessed using the new IUCN criteria, especially adapted for use at a Continental level and with data available for butterflies. The analysis showed that a total of 71 species are threatened in Europe (12% of total) either because of their extreme rarity or rapid decline. They comprise 19 threatened globally and 52 threatened at a European level. A further 43 species are classified as Lower Risk (near threatened). Criteria are developed to identify Species of European Conservation Concern and the threats and distribution of threatened species are described. For the most threatened species, immediate action is needed to avoid extinction and maintain existing populations. The main way to achieve this is to ensure the protection and good management of important habitats. The project Prime Butterfly Areas in Europe aims to identify those areas where conservation efforts should be focused as a matter of urgency.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vapor-liquid-solid epitaxial growth of Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> alloy nanowires: Composition dependence on precursor reactivity and morphology control for vertical forests

Growth of high-density group IV alloy nanowire forests is critical for exploiting their unique functionalities in many applications. Here, the compositional dependence on precursor reactivity and optimized conditions for vertical growth are studied for Si1−xGex alloy nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid method. The nanowire composition versus gas partial-pressure ratio for germane-silane and germane-disilane precursor combinations is obtained at 350 °C over a wide composition range (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.98) and a generalized model to predict composition for alloy nanowires is developed based on the relative precursor partial pressures and reactivity ratio. In combination with germane, silane provides more precise compositional control at high Ge concentrations (x &amp;gt; 0.7), whereas disilane greatly increases the Si concentration for a given gas ratio and enables more precise alloy compositional control at small Ge concentrations (x &amp;lt; 0.3). Vertically oriented, non-kinking nanowire forest growth on Si (111) substrates is then discussed for silane/germane over a wide range of compositions, with temperature and precursor partial pressure optimized by monitoring the nanowire growth front using in-situ optical reflectance. For high Ge compositions (x ≈ 0.9), a “two-step” growth approach with nucleation at higher temperatures results in nanowires with high-density and uniform vertical orientation. With increasing Si content (x ≈ 0.8), the optimal growth window is shifted to higher temperatures, which minimizes nanowire kinking morphologies. For Si-rich Si1−xGex alloys (x ≈ 0.25), vertical nanowire growth is enhanced by single-step, higher-temperature growth at reduced pressures.

Topic: Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences