jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Practicing the Wild”: Twain and Thoreau at the Lakes

Abstract Mark Twain's depiction of Lake Tahoe in Chapters 22 and 23 of Roughing It—“the fairest picture the whole earth affords”—has embedded him within Tahoe's history and culture. His descriptions of pristine waters of the lake echo the Transcendental phrasings of Thoreau in “The Ponds” chapter of Walden and fit securely within the nineteenth-century Romantic tradition of wilderness writing. The lakes become important measures of the authors' conceptualizations of the natural world—their “practice of the wild,” in the poet Gary Snyder's terms. Using theoretical applications of wildness, including Thoreau's essay “Walking,” this article argues that neither author's literary imagination reconciles the presence of wildness, ultimately appropriating it as a setting where human activity takes place, and resisting the representation of nature as an organism in a state of constant change. Even Thoreau, after his disorienting climb to the summit of Mount Ktaadn, vows to settle for a more orthodox assimilation of wildness.

Topic: American Literature and Humor Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Dinuclear Mg Complex-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones: High Molecular Weight and Enhanced Performance

Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising biomaterial for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and elastomers. However, low catalytic efficiency hinders the synthesis of PCL with a high molecular weight (MW), greatly impeding its performance. Herein, we address this issue using a bimetallic synergistic catalysis strategy, wherein a dinuclear Mg complex is developed for catalyzing the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a low catalyst loading, yielding PCL with an MW as high as 480.0 kg/mol. PCLs with high MWs and low dispersities exhibit enhanced thermal and mechanical properties that are superior to those of PCLs produced with industrial catalysts. In addition, the bimetallic synergistic catalysis strategy enables the controlled ROP of ε-CL and a high tolerance to various chain transfer agents, thus enabling the production of various PCL-based polyols. Moreover, the dinuclear Mg complex can facilitate the ROP of other lactones, thus accessing diverse aliphatic polyesters.

Topic: biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Evidence of Folding of Molecules in Polyethylene Single Crystal

The forbidden reflexions {100} and {010} present in electron diffraction patterns from single crystals of polyethylene are explained by the effect of atoms forming kinks of molecular-chains. A model of folding of the molecules in single crystals of polyethylene is proposed.

Topic: Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Line of Sight Stabilization for Directed Energy Systems

**Bryan Kelchner**, VP of Engineering at Teknicare, Inc., a company that specializes in directed-energy (DE) systems engineering, design, development, integration, and testing of beam control and laser systems for DoD; **Victor Beazel**, Senior Dynamics and Controls Engineer at Teknicare; and **Steven Griffin**, Boeing Senior Technical Fellow will talk about challenges of airborne and space-based high-energy laser systems’ line-of-sight control. This authors seminar addresses DE precision-pointing requirements and their associated implementation alternatives in the context of strapdown and stable platform inertial reference technologies. This seminar is based on the article linked above as the Featured Publication, published in the AIAA Journal. For those who are interested in DE, please also visit our [virtual collection on “Directed Energy for Aerospace Applications”](https://arc.aiaa.org/toc/aiaaj/Virtual+Collection/4).

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unique material requirements in the Space Shuttle Main Engines

Components operating in staged-combustion cycle liquid fuel rocket engines such as the Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) are subjected to severe temperature changes during start/stop transients, together with extremely high pressures, corrosive gases, high fluid velocities, demanding weight-control criteria, etc. Attention is given to the selection and application of metallic and nonmetallic materials for high temperature resistance, cryogenic properties, and hydrogen and oxygen compatibility. The materials in question include polyimides, Kel-F, Armalon, and Teflon among plastics, and gold and copper platings, weld-overlays and heat treatment modifications among metals and metallic processing techniques. The polymeric materials are oxygen-resistant, and the metallic ones hydrogen-resistant.

Topic: Rocket and propulsion systems research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Increased expression of HIST1H1D in esophageal carcinoma predicts poor survival: A study base on TCGA database

Abstract Background: Expression level of HIST1H1D, a linker histone H1 gene, was reported to be associated with poor prognosis in some malignant tumors. Online database showed that HIST1H1D was increased in esophageal carcinoma. The current study aimed to evaluated the role of HIST1H1D in esophageal carcinoma using online data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, cox regression analysis and multivariant analysis were used to analyze the relationship between clinical characteristic and HIST1H1D expression level. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the association of HIST1H1D and overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify HIST1H1D-related signaling pathway. Results. Compared to normal sample, HIST1H1D was significantly increased in esophageal carcinoma sample ( p =0.000). High HIST1H1D expression was associated with poor survival ( p =0.035). Univariate analysis showed that high HIST1H1D expression was associated with a poor overall survival (HR:1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.34, p =0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that HIST1H1D remained an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival (HR:1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.36, p =0.03). GSEA revealed that alpha linolenic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, vascular smooth muscle contraction, primary bile acid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and ether lipid metabolism were enriched in HIST1H1D high expression phenotype. Conclusions: HIST1H1D may sever as a potential prognostic predictor of poor survival in esophageal carcinoma. Lipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, vascular smooth muscle contraction, primary bile acid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and ether lipid metabolism may be the key signaling pathway regulated by HIST1H1D.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Researches in the Field of Variable Reluctance Electrical Machines in Technical University Of Cluj

Abstract. The variable reluctance electrical machines had an essential role in the changes in electric machine technology during the last 30 years, when digital and power electronics and computerized design methods suddenly started to expand. As new boundaries are set up in both power electronic devices and digital control, the researchers reacted with new inventions and adaptations of electrical machines, generally along the classical lines. But also new machine (in many cases variable reluctance) structures were invented during this period. In all the cases the development of novel control strategies has been the motivating force. The variable reluctance machines are rather simple, but require control system and in many cases also speed or position sensors. As electronics progresses still further, the opportunities for successful application of variable reluctance machines will still increase [1]. Researchers from Electrical machines Department, Technical University Cluj, Romania, were involved during the last 20 years in several developments in this field. A part of their research works and results are presented in this paper. The author should like to highlight that it was impossible to mention all the results in this field and the selection of those presented in the paper maybe it was subjective. 1.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the structure theory of Łukasiewicz near semirings

In a previous article by two of the present authors and S. Bonzio, Łukasiewicz near semirings were introduced and it was proven that basic algebras can be represented (precisely, are term equivalent to) as near semirings. In the same work it has been shown that the variety of Łukasiewicz near semirings is congruence regular. In other words, every congruence is uniquely determined by its $0$-coset. Thus, it seems natural to wonder wether it could be possible to provide a set-theoretical characterization of these cosets. This article addresses this question and shows that kernels can be neatly described in terms of two simple conditions. As an application, we obtain a concise characterization of ideals in Łukasiewicz semirings. Finally, we close this article with a rather general Cantor-Bernstein type theorem for the variety of involutive idempotent integral near semirings.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Motion Control of Mobile Robot with the Switches of Traveling Direction and Control Gain

In this study, the trajectory of a mobile robot is controlled by using a method based on the time state control form. It is possible to adjust the control parameters of this robot based on linear control theory. The distance to obstacles is measured by using a laser range finder. When the robot approaches to obstacles, the proposed controller switches the traveling direction and the control gain of the rotating motion. In the experiments, the robot avoided the obstacles and reached the target position, traveling back and forth automatically. Futhermore, the switching position and control parameters were searched by using a genetic algorithm. The parameters found by genetic algorithm made it possible for the robot to reach the target position in a short time.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR THE SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL CASE SERIES

Methods: We review the current research on the senescence of red blood cells, focusing on the correlation between the pathologic properties of senescent RBCs and BSS-specific manifestations. Results: The accumulation of senescent RBCs and their products induce pathological conditions that affect blood flow resistance and cause thrombosis, vasoconstriction and methemoglobinemia. These pathological alterations are identical to the characteristics of BSS, such as sublingual varicosis, angiotelectasis, slow and choppy pulse, local fixed pain, nyctalgia, menstrual cramps, dark-purple tongue or infra-orbital darkness. Conclusion: A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that accelerated RBC aging could be considered as a novel pathologic mechanism of BSS. Contact: Sooseong You, ethink33@kiom.re.kr

Topic: melanin and skin pigmentation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Novel Three-Component One-Pot Reaction Involving Alkynes, Urea or Thiourea, and Aldehydes

A novel three-component, one-pot condensation yielding 2-amino-4H-1,3-oxazines or 2-amino-4H-1,3-thiazines from alkynes, urea or thiourea, and aldehydes is described. [reaction: see text]

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study of Manufacturing Process Management in Ashok Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.

In ASSK production control process starts with marketing department, where it get demands on the basis of current market trends and it acts as a basis for developing production plan.It involves coordination with various departments of ASSK, like it starts with marketing department and ends with logistics.ASSK"s main focus is on customer building by fulfilling their demands on time with great quality. Overall Production Process in ASSK is carried outMarketing department: Marketing department forecasts the demand and gives it to other departments which are directly involved in production activities.Production department: Production planning is carried out here based on the availability of the raw materials, finished goods in stock.Logistics: Logistics of ASSK works in coordination with production and marketing department where it gets Minimum Demand -In this, if the demand in the market is low then the ASSK must produce minimum demand to sustain in the market.Import finished products -ASSK thinks of its customer very much.If the plant is under shut down because of certain reason, the company delivers the finished products by importing from other companies to maintain good relationship with their customers.Focused customers -ASSK gives discount to customers who are taking the Products in bulk quantity and to its regular customers.Overall project learning is about understanding all above aspects which are required for the smooth functioning of the production planning and control.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The paradox in Kierkegaard's religiousness A

To be religious in the sense which Kierkegaard calls ‘religiousness A’ involves one, according to him, in a paradox. If we take the terms in which he describes this paradox in ordinary senses, it is not clear what this paradox consists of. If we take the terms in a technical sense, the description of being religious involves a paradox. But the paradox is of such a nature that it is now logically impossible that anyone should be religious. If we attach a slightly different meaning to Kierkegaard's terms, being religious is possible but does not involve a paradox. Also on this interpretation, religious conduct becomes indistinguishable from non‐religious conduct.

Topic: Literary and Philosophical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Profinite rigidity, fibering, and the figure-eight knot

We establish results concerning the profinite completions of 3-manifold groups. In particular, we prove that the complement of the figure-eight knot $S^3-K$ is distinguished from all other compact 3-manifolds by the set of finite quotients of its fundamental group. In addition, we show that if $M$ is a compact 3-manifold with $b_1(M)=1$, and $π_1(M)$ has the same finite quotients as a free-by-cyclic group $F_r\rtimes\mathbb{Z}$, then $M$ has non-empty boundary, fibres over the circle with compact fibre, and $π_1(M)\cong F_r\rtimes_ψ\mathbb{Z}$ for some $ψ\in{\rm{Out}}(F_r)$.

Topic: Geometric and Algebraic Topology
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Editorial: Electric Mobility in Smart Grids

The synergetic cooperation between electric mobility and smart grids will encourage collaborative engagement by different players in the energy market, offering sophisticated management and control approaches. Therefore, new advances and innovative technologies toward such cooperation are of preeminent importance. To ensure excellent power grid performance and stability considering the scope of different solutions of electric mobility in the context of smart grids, power quality aspects must also be considered. For this purpose, the introduction of innovative technologies of renewable energy systems and energy storage systems are seen as fundamental to encourage and facilitate the spread out of electric mobility and smart grids. Furthermore, based on collaborative and concerted operation, it is possible to accomplish environmental targets and accommodate the electricity demand.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Same Sex Marriage in Maryland: The Saliency of Religiosity in Determining Voter Support

During the Maryland 2012 General election, 52% of voters statewide approved Question 6 legalizing same-sex marriage.  In an overwhelmingly Democratic state, early polling demonstrated a difference in support between White and Black Democrats with 70% of White Democrats favoring the measure and over half of Black Democrats disapproving.  Nevertheless, the final vote tally in majority Black Prince Georges County showed an even split among voters.  A review of survey data from the Washington Post will demonstrate the saliency of religiosity, not race, as the primary factor determining voter support for same sex marriage. KEYWORDS:  Religiosity, Partisanship, Civil Rights, LGBTQ, Same-Sex, Pacifism

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploration of the in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of different medicinal plants against infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus

Abstract Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus is an acute and contagious poultry disease. Outbreak of IBD could result in 10–75% mortality of the birds; hence it has gained socio-economic importance worldwide. Medicinal plants have shown broad spectrum anti-viral activities against RNA and DNA viruses. Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL), Phyllanthus emblicus Linn (PEL), Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (GGL), and Eugenia jambolana Lam (EJL) are commonly available medicinal plants of the sub-continent and exhibited anti-viral potential against different viruses. Ethanolic extracts of the leaves of MOL and EJL, roots of GGL and dried fruit of PEL were investigated for their cytotoxic and anti-viral potential against IBD virus using MTT colorimetric assay and anti-viral assay. Significant anti-viral potential (P&lt;0.001) was demonstrated at concentrations 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg ml−1 of GGL, PEL, MOL and EJL, respectively, with no cytotoxicity. Data also spotlighted that all tested plant extracts possess significant anti-viral potential and this trend was higher in GGL followed by PEL, MOL, and EJL. The data undoubtedly conclude that these medicinal plants contain several health beneficial phyto-chemicals which got significant anti-viral potential and effectively be utilized against IBD virus. Moreover, the outcomes of this study provide a platform on the way to discover novel anti-viral agents against IBD virus and other viruses from plant origin.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sexual and social networks, venue attendance, and HIV risk among young men who have sex with men

Both friendship and sexual networks are large, diffuse, and not limited by geography. Participants came from areas with high rates of HIV/AIDS. The venues at which participants recruited sexual partners may present increased opportunities for HIV transmission. HIV prevention interventions should focus on the heightened risk of unknown HIV serostatus.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EFFECT OF DIETHYL SULPHATE ON M1 ATTRIBUTES AND SDS-PAGE ANALYSIS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The present study was carried out to know the effect of diethyl sulphate on groundnut cultivar TMV-7 particularly in M1 generation. The healthy and viable seeds of groundnut cultivar TMV-7 were exposed to different concentrations of diethyl sulphate (5 to 25 mM) and sown in the field. The various growth and morphological parameters like percentage of seed germination, survival percentage plant height, days to flowering, total height at time of harvest, root length and number of lateral roots, number of pods per plant and pod weight were decreased with increasing concentrations of diethyl sulphate. All the characteristics studied were inhibited when compared to control. The lower concentrations such as 5, 10 and 15 mM concentrations enhanced all the parameters. But there was a sudden decrease in 20 and 25 mM. The various concentrations of DES played a different role in the field condition itself. The shoots developed from different concentrations of DES showed variation in their number and height. The protein content also showed decreasing trend with increasing concentrations of DES. There was a steady increase of protein content up to 15 mM DES. After that, there was a drastic reduction in the protein content in 20 and 25 mM. From the diethyl sulphate treated seeds, the embryo axes were collected and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein banding pattern also differentiated among various concentrations of DES. The protein band with 77.5 kDa was observed in 5 and 10mM treatments. Like that the 13.5 kDa was present in 10 and 25mM treatments. The 48.25 kDa recorded in 15 and 20 mM treatments.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The industrial story of the hat-fed reflector antenna for global microwave-link market

This paper tells the history and development of the hat-fed reflector antenna from invention to a large industrial business. Today Arkivator is among the largest reflector antenna manufactures for microwave point to point links in the world, - with a capacity to produce over 200 000 antennas per year.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Soldering external connections to thin film systems

Abstract External connections to thin film hybrid integrated circuits (HICs) by solder bonding have several advantages over those bonded by solid phase or thermocompression bonding. This paper reviews these advantages and discusses the parameters necessary for high strength, reliable solder joints to thin films. Dissolution of the soluble thin film(s) into solder limits the solder reflow times. Recent work has shown that dissolution rates of thin films in solder depend primarily on the degree of thin film heat treatment prior to soldering, substrate surface texture, and the method of thin film deposition. Auger in‐depth profiling data show that alloy formation and internal oxidation reduces film dissolution during solder reflow. Metallographic sectioning and chemical analysis are used to identify weak solder bond interfaces which result from intermetallic formation. Tin from the solder diffuses rapidly and reacts with soluble metals such as gold, palladium and copper to form brittle intermetallics such as AuSn 4 , PdSn 4 and Cu 6 Sn 5 . Intermetallic formation between the solder and the thin film systems of interest can affect joint strength and reliability.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Free Sternum Turnover Flap for Correction of Pectus Excavatum Deformity

Ninkovic, Milomir M.D.; Schwabegger, Anton M.D.; Gardetto, Alexander M.D.; Moser-Rummer, Astrid M.D.; Rieger, Michael M.D.; Ninkovic, Marina M.D.; Rainer, Christian M.D. Author Information

Topic: Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences