jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Associations of hearing loss with subjective cognitive decline among American Indians and Alaska Natives and other race/ethnic groups: results from the BRFSS

Abstract Background Prior research has established a relationship between hearing loss (HL) and cognitive decline. However, this association remains unclear in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. Given the high prevalence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and HL in the AI/AN population, exploring this relationship is crucial. This study investigated the HL‐SCD association among AI/AN and other racial/ethnic participants of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Method This study analyzed data from 170,048 participants aged 45+ in the 2019‐2020 BRFSS, encompassing AI/AN (n = 2,942), non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 143,172), non‐Hispanic Black (NHB, n = 13,377), and Hispanic (n = 10,557) adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities were reported across the four groups. HL was defined as self‐reported deaf or having serious difficulty hearing, and SCD was defined as self‐repoted worsening confusion or memory loss in the past 12 months. Logistic regressions were employed to assess the HL‐SCD association, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Additionally, age‐specific analyses were conducted for the 45‐64 and 65+ age cohorts. Result AI/ANs exhibited higher prevalence of HL, at 18.92% (95% CI: 14.3% ‐ 23.53%), and SCD, at 16.9% (95% CI: 14.13% ‐ 19.66%), compared to other groups (Table 1). A consistent and significant positive association between HL and SCD was observed across all groups. For AI/AN participants, the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for SCD associated with HL was 2.35 (95% CI: 1.4 ‐ 3.95). The ORs for NHW, NHB, and Hispanic participants were 2.02 (95% CI: 1.81 ‐ 2.25), 2.2 (95% CI: 1.61 ‐ 3.01), 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8 ‐ 4.06) respectively (Table 2). The study also revealed that the HL‐SCD association varies by age. Among AI/ANs, NHWs, and NHBs, this association is more pronounced in the 45‐64 age group. Conversely, for Hispanics, it is stronger in the 65+ age group (Figure 1). Conclusion Our study found a significant association between HL and SCD in the AI/AN population, consistent with other racial/ethnic groups. We also found age was a key effect modifier in this association. These findings suggest the potential value of routine hearing tests in older AI/AN adults for early dementia detection and prevention.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
New Millennial Sexstyles

New Millennial Sexstyles looks at the increasing gap between end-of-the-millennium sex radicalism and the mid-twentieth-century feminist theories institutionalized both as part of the academy and with American therapy culture. Through a consideration of books, films, music, and sexual practices, Carol Siegel attempts to explain why feminist theory must be revised to address the sexual realities for a new generation.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Death Penalty and Psychiatry: A Historical Overview

Since its inception in the 17th century, capital punishment in the United States has undergone several drastic changes. In the past, physicians have been participants in several aspects of the death penalty and the issue of physician participation in this arena has always remained controversial. Psychiatrists form a unique group of physicians that, even though not a direct participant in the mechanics of the execution process itself, has been called upon to provide services in death penalty cases in ways that can influence the final verdict of life or death. This article provides a brief history of capital punishment in the United States and traces the landmark events over the years that have led to an expanded scope for psychiatrists' participation in death penalty cases. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2015;45(12):598–602.]

Topic: Torture, Ethics, and Law
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biocatalysts in organic synthesis

1. Enzymes - Catalysts of Life. Classification of enzymes. Principles of the kinetics of enzymatic reactions. Effects of organic solvents on enzymes. Effects of temperature and pH on the stability and activity of enzymes. Units of enzymatic activity. 2. The Biocatalyst Form. Free enzymes. Immobilized enzymes. Cells of microorganisms. Immobilized cells of microorganisms. Plant and animal cells. Non-enzymatic biopreparations. 3. Biocatalysts and the Problem of Selectivity in Organic Synthesis. Specificity of chemical action and substrate specificity of enzymes. Differentiation of enantiomers. Differentiation of enantiotopic groups. Differentiation of enantiotopic sides. 4. Substitution Reactions Using Biocatalysts. Methylations. Halogenations. Substitution reactions in the side chain of amino acids. Substitutions on aromatic systems with the formation of a C-C bond. Substitutions at C-1 in saccharides. 5. Elimination and Addition Reactions. Additions to the C=C bond. Additions to the C=O bond. 6. Syntheses and Hydrolyses of Esters. Syntheses of esters. Chemo- and regioselective hydrolyses of esters. Kinetic resolutions of racemic esters, acids and alcohols. Diesters of prochiral dicarboxylic acids. Prochiral diols. 7. Synthesis and Hydrolyses of Amides. Syntheses of amides and peptides. Hydrolyses of amides and nitriles. 8. Oxidations. Oxidation of alcohols. Further oxidation reactions. 9. Reductions. Reductions of aldehydes and acyclic ketones. Reductions of cyclic ketones. Reductions of di- and tricarbonyl compounds. Reductions of oxo acids, oxo esters and oxo amides. Reductions of the carbonyl group in organometallic compounds. Reductions of the C=C bond. Syntheses of alpha-amino acids from alpha-oxo acids. Reductions of the nitro group. Miscellaneous reductions. References. Subject Index.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
P3651Outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children: comparison between bovine jugular vein graft and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft

Abstract Background Various types of conduits are available for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (RVOTR). The bovine jugular vein graft (BJVG) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft (ePTFEG) have been descrived as an alternative to the homograft for RVOTR. Purpose- This study summarized the results to evaluate the single-center operation of RVOTR using BJVG and ePTFEG. Methods The valve functions of 27 patients under 20 years old who underwent primary RVOTR with BJVG and 26 patients with ePTFEG at our university hospital between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. The valve conditions were assessed using echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Results The median age at the time of operation was 1.8 years old (range, 6 days to 7.8 years old) with BJVG and 2.2 years old (range, 8 months to 9.1 years old) with ePTFEG. The median follow-up time was 3.4 years (range, 2 months to 5.2 years) with BJVG and 2.1 years (range, 1 month to 5.1 years) with ePTFEG. The peak RVOT gradient of BJVG was lower than ePTFEG (10.6±7.7 mmHg versus 18.1±16.2 mmHg, P=0.035). There were no differences in branch pulmonary stenosis defined as peak gradient up to 36mmHg (40.7% versus 50.0%, P=0.50) and pulmonary regurgitation graded worse than moderate (18.5% versus 11.5%, P=0.48) with BJVG and ePTFEG, respectively. Aneurysmal dilatation of the conduit was seen 22.2% with BJVG but none of patients with ePTFEG (P=0.01). All of patients with aneurysmal dilated BJVG had branch pulmonary stenosis. There were no differences in catheter intervention for branch pulmonary stenosis (22.2% versus 30.8%, P=0.48) and conduit replacement (11.1% versus 7.7%, log rank P=0.67) with BJVG and ePTFEG, respectively. There were no deaths during the fllow-up period in both groups. Conclusions The outcomes of RVOTR with BJVG and ePTFEG were clinically satisfactory. Aneurysmal dilatation was seen with BJVG and branch pulmonary stenosis was the risk factor for aneurysmal dilatation.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Behind the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Sons of Zadok, the Priests and Their Priestly Ideology

The manuscript discoveries in the caves overlooking Qumran on the shores of the Dead Sea are of interest to all sorts and conditions of people. Those who know little about the Bible, or the writings of the rabbis and Church Fathers, are very often the keenest to know more about the Dead Sea Scrolls. Books about the manuscripts and the people who wrote them are as popular with publishers as they are with readers: the books sell. From the very outset, the Dead Sea Scrolls have offered mystery and romance in almost equal measure. The story of their discovery remains something of a puzzle; and recent suggestions that delayed publication of the documents was the result of a kind of conspiracy have contrived to perpetuate the mystique which seems destined to surround them for years to come.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrodynamic excitations of Bose condensates in anisotropic traps

The collective excitations of Bose condensates in anisotropic axially symmetric harmonic traps are investigated in the hydrodynamic and Thomas-Fermi limit. We identify an additional conserved quantity, besides the axial angular momentum and the total energy, and separate the wave equation in elliptic coordinates. The solution is reduced to the algebraic problem of diagonalizing finite dimensional matrices. The classical quasi-particle dynamics in the local density approximation for energies of the order of the chemical potential is shown to be chaotic.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Profile and Association between Self-Regulated Learning and Quality of Student Understanding in Mathematics Learning

This study aims to describe the level of self-regulated learning for students with instrumental comprehension and relational comprehension and examine the association of comprehension quality with self-regulated learning of MTsN students in Banyuwangi Regency. This research is a survey research with quantitative approach. Sampling used proportional stratified random sampling. The sample size was 345 students from a population size of 2491. The instrument used was a self-regulated learning questionnaire. The validity used is content validation by experts and construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) while reliability uses Croncbach's alpha coefficient. All instruments were valid and reliable. Data analysis techniques used cross tabulation and Chi square test. The results showed that: (1) Students with instrumental understanding have a high level of self-regulated learning with an estimated proportion range between 46% and 71%. Students with relational understanding have a high level of self-regulated learning with an estimated proportion range between 47% to 74%, (2) There is a significant association between the quality of understanding and the level of self-regulated learning of students with a weak association strength using a significance level of 5%.

Topic: Education Practices and Evaluation
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Airweapon injuries in children: a case for

SUMMARY Theresults ofthefirst 6monthsofa2-year prospective study on thefrequency, severity andmethods ofprevention ofair weapon injuries tochildren arereported. Twenty-eight casespresenting toan urbanpaediatric accident andemergency department havebeen analysed. Nineteen ofthese were malesbetween theagesof10and16years.Atleast 18 incidents occurred inpublic places. Thefive mostserious injuries were oftheorbit, face andabdomen. Another nineinjuries were nearvital structures. Education isneeded on theexisting guidelines forthesafe use ofair weapons.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Power Under Normality of Several Nonparametric Tests

Presented are tabulations of the power and power efficiency of four nonparametric tests (rank-sum, maximum deviation, median, and total number of runs) for the difference in means of two samples drawn from normal populations with equal variance. The cases considered are for equal sample sizes of three, four and five observations and alternatives $\\delta = | \\mu_1 - \\mu_2 |/\\sigma$.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
OSMOREGULATORY ABILITY OF PENAEUS MONODON (FABRICIUS) IN RELATION TO VARYING SALINITIES

AsSTRACf Adult Penaeus monodon osmoregulated well between salinities 3 and 45%0 for 24 and 48 hour duration with isosmotic pOints around .. 5 18.5%0 and .. 5 23.5%0 respectively. A duration of 48 hr is essential for prawns to adjust to the new medium. Influence of eyes talk removal on osmolal concentration of haemo­ lymph was studied. There was a significant decline in osmolal concentration in destalked prawns from 4 to 18hr after eyestalk surgery performance, but later recouping effect was seen. In destalked prawns when eyestalk extract was administered, the level of osmolal concentration did not decrease but always remained high throughout the experimental period. Probable reasons for such changes are discussed.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A convex multi-view low-rank sparse regression for feature selection and clustering

Many real-world problems involve multi-view high-dimension-small-sample-size data analysis, such as multi-omics data. The combination of multi-view databases is supposed to provide a better biological significance. However, the multi-view data always contain noise and outlying entries that result in inaccurate and unreliable. It has become an urgent need how to effectively analyze these data. We proposed a novel convex multi-view low-rank sparse regression (CMLSR) algorithm to do cluster and feature selection. The model was constructed by imposing L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,1</sub> -norm and trace norm constraints on the regularization functions. It can diminish the impact of noises and outliers and produce more precise results. Clustering quality was determined by both sparse constraint and low-rank constraint. Finally, we selected characteristic genes based on the projection matrix. The method was used in TCGA multi-view genes expression data sets, annotated according to Gene Ontology (GO). In this paper, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through comparing it with the existing methods.

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 656916: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Light sterile neutrino limits from cosmology

The Early Universe represents an important environment to test the neutrino proprieties. In­ deed Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, Large Scale Struc­ ture formation could be essentially influenced by the presence of neutrinos, in particular by their number and their mass. In recent years a renewed attention has been devoted to low-mass sterile neutrinos $(m ~ 1 eV)$, after intriguing but controversial hints coming from laboratory oscillation experiments. Given the doubtful situation, is necessary to study the physical con­ ditions under which the sterile production occurs and to investigate the consequences on the cosmological observables.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Solar Radiation on Dry Matter Distribution and Root Morphology of High Yielding Maize Cultivars

The root system connects the plant with the soil, which is a key factor in determining the utilization of soil resources and plant growth potential. Solar radiation can change maize shoot and root growth and affect grain formation. In this study, the effects of different solar radiation conditions on root morphology of three maize cultivars XY335, ZD958 and DH618 and their quantitative relationships were studied by conducting shading experiments. This study was conducted in maize high yield region of Qitai and Yinchuan, China, in 2018 and 2019. The planting densities were 7.5 × 104 (D1) and 12 × 104 (D2) plants ha−1. The shading levels were natural light (CK), shading 15% (S1), 30% (S2) and 50% (S3). The results showed that maize responded to the decreased solar radiation through the increase in ratio of shoot dry weight (SWR) to whole plant dry weight and the decrease in ratio of root dry weight (RWR) to whole plant dry weight. As the solar radiation decreased, the root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD) and root length ratio (RLR) decreased, while the specific root length (SRL) increased. With 100 MJ m−2 decrease in solar radiation, the RWR, RLD, RSA and RLR each decreased by 1.47%, 0.5 mm cm−3,0.4 m m−2 and 0. 19 m g−1, respectively. Among the cultivars, the changes of DH618 were the fastest followed by XY335 and ZD958 but DH618 maintained the largest root system under any solar radiation condition. After the decrease of solar radiation, RWR, RLD and RLR were significantly positively correlated with the yield. This indicated that large root systems were conducive to the rapid response to decreased solar radiation and important for achieving stable and high yield. Maize cultivars with these type of root systems should be recommended to better adapt low solar radiation induced by regional variation or climate change.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on Organic Architecture Characteristics in Works of Gaudi and Hundertwasser

(연구배경 및 목적) 인간은 사물을 처음 만들기 시작하면서부터 자연의 재료와 형태에 영감을 받아 그 형상을 은유, 묘사, 모방하기 시작했다. 그 후에도 자연은 여러 디자인에 있어 중요한 모티브가 되었고, 건축에서도 유기적 건축이라 불리며 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 유기적 건축이라는 개념은 과거의 여러 건축가들로 인해 꾸준히 발전되어 왔고, 현재까지도 그 중요성이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서 두 작가를 연구하게된 목적은 안토니 가우디와 훈데르트바서는 각기 다른 자국인 스페인과 오스트리아로 풍토와 지역기후에서 큰 차이를 보이는데, 어린 시절 자신이 자라온 환경에 영향을 받고, 각자의 지역 전통방식을 반영한 건축물과 디자인을 전개하였다. 건축물에 있어서는 현대 건축보다는 근대기 유기적 건축인 자연 유기체의 형태적 표현을 모방하며, 주변 자연 환경과 건축의 관계를 불가분한 것으로 보았다. 또한 19세기 후반 아르누보 양식의 영향을 받아 식물형태와 강렬한 색채 사용 등을 기본에 둔 새로운 장식을 건축에 표현하였는데, 같은 기법이어도 두 작가가 초점을 맞추고 설계에 있어 중요시 하는 기준에서는 분명한 차이가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비슷하지만 서로 주장하는 바의 사상, 개념 해석력이 다른 점을 보이는 두 건축가를 각 작품에 나타나는 대표작을 통해 유기적 개념과 표현법을 분석함에 목적을 둔다. 이는 유기적 건축의 양상을 파악할 수 있다는 측면에서 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. (연구방법) 본 연구에서는 문헌조사와 선행연구를 통해 유기적 개념과 건축 특성을 알아보고, 두 건축가의 작품에 나타나는 유기적 건축 특성 및 조형성 등은 종합 사례 표를 제시하여 분석 한 뒤, 이를 통해 특성 및 해석에 대하여 타당성을 부여한다. (결과) 가우디는 카탈루냐 고딕이라는 지역 전통을 반영하고 자연에서 영감을 얻어 건축물과 자연이 일체 되는 것을 강조하였고, 나무나 뼈, 근육의 힘줄과 같은 구조로 조형물에 가까운 유기적 건축물을 표현하였다. 또한, 돌은 언제나 가우디가 원하는 형태로 만들어 주는 무궁할 가능성을 가진 재료로써, 쉽게 인지되지 않는 연속된 곡선을 사용하여 가우디만의 유기적 건축물을 만들어 냈다. 이에 훈데르트바서는 인간은 자연에 잠시 들린 손님이라며, 기본 이념이 인간이 거주하는 곳에 환경을 보호해야한다 생각했다. 또한, 인간과 자연에 손상을 입히는 건축을 반대했고 생태적, 친환경적의 중요성을 건축의 대지 경계를 무시하는 등 종합적으로 표현하였으며, 직선은 인간성의 상실로 이어지고, 무신론적 비도덕적 이라 생각하여 모든 건축물에 유기체 곡선과 나선을 사용하였다. 이 분석을 통해 결론적으로 두 건축가는 자연과의 조화를 중시하고, 자연의 선이라 믿는 곡선을 주로 사용했다는 점을 알 수 있었으며, 서로 다른 지역 환경에서 자신만의 유기적 건축을 해석하는 표현법 또한 볼 수 있었다. (결론) 본 연구는 앞서 고찰한 두 건축가의 작품을 통해 유기적 건축의 의미를 모색하였는데, 이를 통해 유기적 건축이 현시대에 맞게 다시 한 번 재해석되어 건축물을 창조하는 데 있어 새로운 가능성을 제시 할 수 있도록 이와 비슷한 연구가 지속되어야 한다고 생각한다.

Topic: Urban and spatial planning
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polyurethane Versus Chitosan-Based Polymers Nasal Packs After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Study

Background Different packing materials are applied to the nose at the end of surgery to maintain drainage and sinus ventilation of the paranasal sinuses and avoid some complications such as bleeding, infection, crustations, adhesions in the middle meatus and lateralization of the middle turbinate. Objective The study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of two absorbable packing materials, the synthetic polyurethane, and the naturally occurring Chitosan-based polymers (CBP) nasal packs, after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods Fifty patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypi were operated with 100 surgical cavities. At the end of the surgery, one side was randomly packed with synthetic polyurethane and the opposite side with CBP nasal pack. Measure their outcomes at week 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 as the presence of remnants materials in the middle meatus, crustations, adhesions, bleeding, granulations, infection, and general satisfaction of patients. Results CBP nasal pack shows a statistically significant advantage only in the first two weeks as regard remnants material, crusting and bleeding. All over the 12 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference between the two types of packs as regard granulations, adhesions and infection. In the first month, eight patients of the CBP group experienced bad smell and two patients had watery rhinorrhea as adverse reaction without a statistically significant difference. Patients were generally satisfied without a statistically significant difference between the two types of packs. Conclusion Synthetic polyurethane and Chitosan-based polymers nasal packs are safe and efficient regarding; the mucosal healing, bleeding control, and the overall satisfaction of patients. The CBP showed a higher statistically significant advantage in the first two weeks only regarding the amount of the retained material, crusting as well as bleeding. Patients packed with CBP experienced fish-like smelly odor and watery rhinorrhea but there is no statistically significant difference.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences