jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perfusion information extracted from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging

It is widely known that blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure for neuronal activations through neurovascular coupling. The BOLD signal is also influenced by many non-neuronal physiological fluctuations. In previous resting state (RS) fMRI studies, we have identified a moving systemic low frequency oscillation (sLFO) in BOLD signal and were able to track its passage through the brain. We hypothesized that this seemingly intrinsic signal moves with the blood, and therefore, its dynamic patterns represent cerebral blood flow. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by performing Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) MRI scans (i.e. bolus tracking) following the RS scans on eight healthy subjects. The dynamic patterns of sLFO derived from RS data were compared with the bolus flow visually and quantitatively. We found that the flow of sLFO derived from RS fMRI does to a large extent represent the blood flow measured with DSC. The small differences, we hypothesize, are largely due to the difference between the methods in their sensitivity to different vessel types. We conclude that the flow of sLFO in RS visualized by our time delay method represents the blood flow in the capillaries and veins in the brain.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Role for the Adaptor Protein Grb10 in the Activation of Akt

Grb10 is a member of the Grb7 family of adapter proteins lacking intrinsic enzymatic function and encodes functional domains including a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an SH2 domain. The role of different Grb10 splice variants in signal transduction of growth factors like insulin or insulin-like growth factor has been described as inhibitory or stimulatory depending on the presence of a functional PH and/or SH2 domain. Performing a yeast two-hybrid screen with the c-kit cytoplasmic tail fused to LexA as a bait and a mouse embryo cDNA library as prey, we found that the Grb10 SH2 domain interacted with the c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase. In the course of SCF-mediated activation of c-kit, Grb10 is recruited to the c-kit receptor in an SH2 domain- and phosphotyrosine-dependent but PH domain-independent manner. We found that Akt and Grb10 form a constitutive complex, suggesting a role for Grb10 in the translocation of Akt to the cell membrane. Indeed, coexpression studies revealed that Grb10 and c-kit activate Akt in a synergistic manner. This dose-dependent effect of Grb10 is wortmannin sensitive and was also seen at a lower level in cells in which c-kit was not expressed. Expression of a Grb10 mutant lacking the SH2 domain as well as a mutant lacking the PH domain did not influence Akt activity. Grb10-induced Akt activation was observed without increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activity, suggesting that Grb10 is a positive regulator of Akt downstream of PI3-kinase. Significantly, deficient activation of Akt by a constitutively activated c-kit mutant lacking the binding site for PI3-kinase (c-kitD814V/Y719F) could be fully compensated by overexpression of Grb10. In Ba/F3 cells, the incapacity of c-kitD814V/Y719F to induce interleukin-3 (IL-3)-independent growth could be rescued by overexpression of Grb10. In contrast, expression of the SH2 deletion mutant of Grb10 together with c-kitD814V/Y719F did not render Ba/F3 cells independent of IL-3. In summary, we provide evidence that Grb10 is part of the c-kit signaling pathway and that the expression level of Grb10 critically influences Akt activity. We propose a model in which Grb10 acts as a coactivator for Akt by virtue of its ability to form a complex with Akt and its SH2 domain-dependent translocation to the cell membrane.

Topic: FOXO transcription factor regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atraumatic acute forearm compartment syndrome due to systemic heparin

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for acute heart failure exacerbation. Her history was notable for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and mitral valve regurgitation requiring mechanical mitral valve replacement. Found to have mitral paravalvular leak, the patient’s home warfarin was held and heparin infusion was started in preparation for valvular surgery.

Eleven days after starting heparin infusion, the patient awoke with severe right forearm pain that worsened throughout the day and by the afternoon had developed decreased sensation at the small finger. Visually, the right forearm had mild swelling and ecchymoses, but was without evidence of traumatic injury, venipuncture, erythema, or fluctuance. On forearm examination, the patient was remarkably tender to palpation over both dorsal and volar compartments, endorsed pain with passive extension of the fingers, and both dorsal and volar compartments were rigid to palpation. The distal compartments of the hand remained soft and non-tender …

Topic: Muscle and Compartmental Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Church-Door Proclamations

Journal Article Church-Door Proclamations Get access J. Wilkins, B.C.L. J. Wilkins, B.C.L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-XII, Issue 305, 2 November 1867, Pages 359–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-XII.305.359g Published: 02 November 1867

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Social psyche and closed communicative streams as macro- and microcharacteristics of the military personnel state

In this article, the object of research is the military personnel as a system, and the subject of research is the synergetic property of the system, namely the social psyche. The main objective of the study is to quantitatively describe the system microstatuses (the number of system elements, the maximum number of servicemen included in closed separate communication streams, the total number of these streams). At the macrolevel, a measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche is calculated as a synergistic property of the system. The sociometry method (D.L. Moreno), graph theory and the algorithm for calculating Hamiltonian paths (N. Christophides) are used to identify any military personnel included in closed communication streams. Boltzmann's method of calculating the entropy is used as the initial entropy formula. As a result of the study, recommendations are obtained for restructuring the leadership style, using the tendencies towards organization and disorganization in the personnel making. The novelty of the article lies in formulating the problem of determining the measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche, in proving the significance of the natural scientific approach in describing and identifying the elements of the system (military personnel) and in the quantitative description of the synergetic phenomena of a social group.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
GaAs device modelling for design and application

Device characteristics included in available MESFET models are reviewed, and model extensions for improved accuracy over a wide range of conditions are proposed. Use of the model is illustrated in the context of a basic analog amplifier and analog sub-circuit. The application of other modeling techniques for mixed-mode (analog and digital) systems is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Immunogenic and Virulence-Associated Campylobacter jejuni Proteins

ABSTRACT With the aim of identifying proteins important for host interaction and virulence, we have screened an expression library of NCTC 11168 Campylobacter jejuni genes for highly immunogenic proteins. A commercial C. jejuni open reading frame (ORF) library consisting of more than 1,600 genes was transformed into the Escherichia coli expression strain BL21(DE3), resulting in 2,304 clones. This library was subsequently screened for immunogenic proteins using antibodies raised in rabbit against a clinical isolate of C. jejuni ; this resulted in 52 highly reactive clones representing 25 different genes after sequencing. Selected candidate genes were inactivated in C. jejuni NCTC 11168, and the virulence was examined using INT 407 epithelial cell line and motility, biofilm, autoagglutination, and serum resistance assays. These investigations revealed C. jejuni antigen 0034c (Cj0034c) to be a novel virulence factor and support the usefulness of the method. Further, several antigens were tested as vaccine candidates in two mouse models, in which Cj0034c, Cj0404, and Cj0525c resulted in a reduction of invasion in spleen and liver after challenge.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of Mobile Application for K to 12 Mother Tongue Based-Multi Linguistic Education

This article studies a learning management application called Mobile Application for K to 12 Mother Tongue Based-Multi Linguistic Education. This mobile application is designed for a mobile interface to multiple environments and manageable to various infrastructure specifications using tablets and mobile phones. The study adopted the Rapid Application Development model and used the ISO 9126 standard to evaluate the application in terms of usability (4.4), functionality (4.1), and maintainability (4.1). In general, the result shows that the application got the respondent’s high rate on the evaluated characteristics. Hence, the application indeed provides a convenient tool in which data and features are useful to the teacher and pupils and encourages unique learning opportunities

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bell Inequalities and the Separability Criterion

We analyze and compare the mathematical formulations of the criterion for separability for bipartite density matrices and the Bell inequalities. We show that a violation of a Bell inequality can formally be expressed as a witness for entanglement. We also show how the criterion for separability and a description of the state by a local hidden variable theory, become equivalent when we restrict the set of local hidden variable theories to the domain of quantum mechanics. This analysis sheds light on the essential difference between the two criteria and may help us in understanding whether there exist entangled states for which the statistics of the outcomes of all possible local measurements can be described by a local hidden variable theory.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The chemistry of some Australian natural products

This Ph.D. thesis is somewhat unusual in that it consists of three distinct projects, presented as three separate chapters. The three projects are related in that they deal with problems in natural products chemistry. Chapter 1: 9,10-dihydroxy-l,8-cineole ( l,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2] octane- 10,11-diol) The title compound was predicted to be a urinary metabolite of the Brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) after the animal had ingested 1,8-cineole. Synthesis of 9,10- dihydroxy-l,8-cineole was accomplished in five steps from limonene, with the crucial step being intramolecular selenoetherification of a novel trihydroxy-p-menth-l-ene. Initial unsuccessful synthetic approaches are discussed, including difficulties encountered during the electrophilic cyclisation of monocyclic intermediates, and the failure of an early carbon-carbon bond-forming
 synthetic sequence. Cineole feeding experiments did not result in the identification of the title compound as a possum urinary metabolite. Chapter 2: The stereochemical structures of furanosesquiterpenoid Phydroxyketones from the Myoporaceae Four isomeric furanosesquiterpenoid β-hydroxyketones previously isolated from various Myoporum species have been reexamined using modem nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Full stereochemical structures of these four compounds are now reported, and additionally two further isomeric β-hydroxyketones whose structures follow by inference from previously reported data. Structural features, such as intramolecular hydrogen bonds, aiding the stereochemical determinations are discussed. In one case the assigned structure was confirmed using X-ray crystallography. Chapter 3: Quantitation of
 the antifungal diene in leaves of various avocado cultivars Anthracnose resistance in avocado is known to result primarily from the production of antifungals such as (R)-(Z,Z)-1 -acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxohenicosa-12,15-diene. Leaves (both young and mature ) of seventeen commercial avocado ( Persea americana ) cultivars have been analysed monthly throughout the year to measure the concentration and seasonal variation of this compound. Results vary from 4.5 mg/g fresh weight in the Hass cultivar, to undetectable amounts in the cultivars G775b and G775c. No seasonal variation was detected in leaf diene concentrations. The tetrahydro analogue of the antifungal diene, used here as a gas chromatographic standard, was discovered to be a natural compound present in avocado leaf. Analyses performed for other workers appear to correlate higher leaf concentrations of antifungal diene with increased anthracnose resistance of avocado
 fruit.

Topic: Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new species of Autocrates (Coleoptera: Trictenotomidae) revealed by DNA barcoding and morphological evidence

Autocrates soni sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on morphological and molecular evidence. This beetle is characterised by reddish-brown pubescence on its ventral side and much shorter setae on its femora compared to the closely related species Autocrates vitalisi Vuillet, 1912. The validity of this new species is strongly supported by DNA barcode data from all known species of the genus Autocrates.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors influencing the relationship of materialism to purchase intentions of counterfeit luxury products: A cross-cultural examination

In recent years, the counterfeiting goods industry is a rapid growth market, especially the luxury counterfeits market. Because of the value of the luxury market is growing, many famous and popular luxury brands have become targets for counterfeit producers, and an increasing number of consumers prefer to purchase fakes instead of the genuine items, which has led to a worldwide crisis. Unfortunately, this massive phenomenon is threatening companies' efforts to establish and develop successful brands, and causing economic disaster. Therefore, the counterfeiting has become widespread and has developed into an economic issue of international significance. Previous research shows that materialists have more willingness to purchase luxury counterfeits. Therefore, the current study proposes a framework to investigate the factors that influence materialistic consumers' willingness to buy counterfeit luxury brands. Three factors are chosen from these three different domains separately, which are value-consciousness (personal influence), status consumption (social motivation), and perceived risk (product related feature). In addition, fewer scholars paid attention to study the materialist’s purchase intentions toward luxury counterfeit products under different cultural situations. The current paper also covers this research gap by examining the moderating effects of cultural values.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Estéticas de la calle: la estética de la transgresión

In the last 10 years, we have been interested in investigating some of the different artistic manifestations that we can find in the streets of the most cosmopolitan cities to the most remote and unpopulated places. In this article we deal specifically with the Aesthetic-artisticcultural- urban-alternative practice known as writers’ graffiti, which is done all over the planet. We seek to define the characteristics of this practice, which moves away from classical positions from a critical position. In this sense, the aesthetic position in the graffiti writers’ culture is alternative to classical postures, which implies an extended conception of the aesthetic, in which both the representation of the ugly and the grotesque can have the same Aesthetic function that the beautiful. In addition, the presence of this aesthetic of transgression in the daily life of the producing and receiving subjects is highlighted.

Topic: Public Spaces through Art
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
- Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery

Nanotechnology is dened as "the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of 1-100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications" [9,10]. The nanometer size range is suitable for manipulation at the molecular level, with potential applications in drug delivery, imaging, and diagnosis of diseases such as cancer [2,21]. Drugs and imaging agents can be encapsulated in, adsorbed on, or conjugated to nanometer-size delivery systems. Nanodelivery systems include lipid-based carriers such as liposomes (vesicles in which an aqueous volume is surrounded by bilayer membrane), micelles (self-assembling amphiphiles that form supramolecular core-shell structures), dendrimers (polymers that comprise a series of well-dened branches around an inner core), and polymeric nanoparticles, including nanospheres and nanocapsules [25].

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study of high-accuracy optical model of green phosphor pumped by ultraviolet laser

We have developed an optical model for green phosphor pumped by ultraviolet (UV) laser. The model has begun with defining an efficient mathematical model to describe the emission of UV band and green light. Next, the data of peak emission wavelength, the width of the emission band, and emission wavelength range are extracted from the measurement of the emission spectrum of green phosphor pumped by UV-laser. These parameters are put in the mathematical model to simulate the emission spectrum of green phosphor pumped by UV laser. Finally, the optical model is verified with experiment measurement. A comparison process of simulation and experiment for the emission spectrum of UV light and green light have been conducted to roughly define the value of beta which shows the high overlap level between simulation to experimental spectra for the case spectra for UV and green bands, correspondingly. Next, the obtained result is applied in the optimized process to define the optimal beta value. The similarity of simulation and experiment is quantified using a normalized cross-correlation algorithm. The optimal values for the beta of 3.5 and 3.0 for UV and green bands, respectively. The developed model is applied to study the effect of green light on the optical properties of the output spectrum wherein different green/UV light power ratios of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0, respectively. The output luminous flux is proportional to the power ratio of green/UV.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reflective tomography reconstruction of satellite features—field results

We report on the first satellite feature reconstruction, to our knowledge, by use of range-resolved reflective tomography techniques from nonimaging laser radar data collected on an orbiting satellite. The reconstructed features were two retroreflectors mounted on a satellite. The data were collected with a coherent laser radar system located at the Maui Space Surveillance Site in Maui, Hawaii. We utilized a filtered backpropagation algorithm to reconstruct the images using intensity projections created from the raw data. Key components of the image reconstruction process included the calculation of tomographic angles, the alignment of the intensity projections to an appropriate center of rotation, and compensation for the lack of data for a full 360 degrees set of views.

Topic: Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
Subfield: Instrumentation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antioxidant efficiency loss by precipitation and diffusion to surrounding media in polyethylene hot‐water pipes

Abstract The extensive initial loss of efficiency of antioxidant [4,4′‐thiobis(3‐methyl‐6‐tertbutylphenol)], during hydrostatic pressure testing of medium density polyethylene pipes at 95 and 105°C has been studied. Samples from the pressure‐tested pipes were subsequently investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Antioxidant‐containing particles were found in the pipe wall. The particles had evolved during the early stages of exposure and consisted of antioxidant that had phase separated and precipitated from the polymer matrix because the initial antioxidant concentration was greater than the solubility limit at the pressure testing temperatures. Relative antioxidant concentration profiles over the pipe wall, as measured by calorimetric oxidation induction time analysis, showed losses of &gt;80% of the initial effective antioxidant content during the first 1000 h of pressure testing. A model assuming diffusion of antioxidant into precipitates was developed. Values for the diffusivity of the antioxidant in different parts of the pipe wall were obtained by fitting a previously developed model to long‐term antioxidant concentration profiles. Using these values, and by using the distance between two adjacent precipitates as an adjustable parameter, it was possible to fit the newly developed model to the experimental short‐term antioxidant concentration profiles.

Topic: Polymer crystallization and properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences