jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Personality correlates with contextual plasticity in a free-living, long-lived seabird

Despite a rapid increase in animal personality research, critical gaps remain. We have little knowledge of the long-term (as opposed to short-term) consistency of personality and the relationships between personality and behavioural flexibility in wild, free-living animals. This study investigates personality (i.e., consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour) and contextual plasticity (i.e., plasticity in behaviour between contexts) of these traits in the Nazca booby ( Sula granti ), a long-lived, free-living seabird. We tested birds for personality in the field, during incubation, using a human intruder test, two novel object tests, and a social stimulus test (mirror), and determined repeatability of behavioural traits both within-season (short-term) and between several years (long-term). We found high short- and long-term repeatability of aggressive and anxiety-related behaviours when confronted with a nest intruder and novel objects, but lower repeatability during social stimulation. Contextual plasticity was highly repeatable across years for aggressive behaviours, and low for anxiety-related behaviours. Plasticity did not correlate across behaviours into a ‘meta-personality’ trait. Contextual plasticity in behavioural traits was highly correlated with the expression of those traits, suggesting that individuals are able to both react strongly and modify their behaviour depending on context, perhaps due to consistent differences in individual quality. Model selection exercises using structural equation models evaluated the relationships between personality factors, indicating a behavioural syndrome in which anxiety- or agitation-related behaviours covary strongly and positively, and both covary weakly and negatively with aggression.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic Epistemic Model Checking

This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Abstract This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Update of the abstract: the slides give a full implementation of public announcement updates for S5 models and for S5 weight models.This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Update of the abstract: the slides give a full implementation of public announcement updates for S5 models and for S5 weight models. Who in Modal and Epistemic Logic? Who in Modal and Epistemic Logic? Saul Kripke (born 1940) Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)

Topic: Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Control, Mental Health and Mindfulness of Women Suffering from Domestic Violence

The aim of this research was the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-control, mental health and mindfulness of women suffering from domestic violence. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and with a control group. The statistical population included all married women suffering from domestic violence who referred to Andisheh Sabz Center of Qom in 1401, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and assigned in two equal groups of 15 people. In addition to demographic information checklist, data collection was done with self-control questionnaire, mental health questionnaire and mindfulness questionnaire. For the subjects of the experimental groups, 12 sessions, one 1-hour session per week. In addition to descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed with repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the total score of self-control and its dimensions in the two groups (P&lt;0.05). Also, the results showed that in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the mental health score and its dimensions in people participating in intervention programs and control people (P&lt;0.05). Also, the results showed that in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the mindfulness score and its dimensions in people participating in intervention programs and control people (P&lt;0.05).

Topic: Health and Wellbeing Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Creep in interlaminar shear of an Hi-Nicalon™/SiC–B<sub>4</sub>C composite at 1300℃ in air and in steam

Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of an advanced SiC/SiC composite with a self-healing matrix was investigated at 1300℃ in laboratory air and in steam. The composite was processed via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite has a self-healing oxidation-inhibited matrix comprising alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and is reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon™ fibers. Fiber preforms were coated with pyrolytic carbon followed by a boron carbon overlay. The interlaminar shear properties were evaluated at 1300℃. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses ranging from 13 to 20 MPa in air and in steam. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air and in steam. Creep run-out (defined as 100 h at creep stress) was achieved at 13 MPa in air and in steam. Presence of steam had little influence on creep strain rates and creep lifetimes. However, larger creep strains were accumulated in steam than in air. The retained properties of all specimens that achieved creep run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure and damage and failure mechanisms were investigated.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mutagenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine towards <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, co-mutagenic effect of secondary biliary acids

Even though 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is highly carcinogenic in experimental animals, it has not been shown to be clearly mutagenic in any of the short term tests in vitro. The present report demonstrates that DMH is mutagenic in the Ames test when it is incubated together with lithocholic or deoxycholic acid with or without metabolic activation. Such a co-mutagenic effect seems to be restricted to the secondary biliary acids since neither cholic nor chenodeoxycholic acid had the same activity. The secondary biliary acids are present in the colon where they are formed by bacteria. Such a co-mutagenic effect could thus be of importance with regard to the carcinogenic activity of DMH. It could also be relevant to colon carcinogenesis in humans.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How do novice physiotherapists describe their experiences of workplace support?

This study aimed to explore how the experiences of workplace support contributed to the developing professional confidence, competence, and workplace experience of the novice physiotherapist working in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, 12 registered physiotherapists who had graduated within the last 5 years and were employed in various settings across Aotearoa New Zealand were recruited. They participated in semi structured interviews, which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes described participants’ experiences of support: (a) navigating the transition; (b) building capabilities to achieve professional growth; and (c) fostering relationships in the workplace. The participants valued professional support that helped them navigate the early challenges they encountered as well as various forms of support that assisted them in their career development. Provision of support was hugely varied across settings and employers. Findings from this study may assist novice physiotherapists to gain awareness while navigating their own transition, accessing developmental opportunities, and building connections and competencies as a new practitioner. Additionally, this research could encourage employers to consider how best to support their novice employees.

Topic: Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
CITIZENSHIP, WAR, AND THE ORIGINS OF INTERNATIONAL ETHICS IN AMERICAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, 1960–1975

ABSTRACT This article examines a series of debates about civil disobedience, conscription, and the justice of war that took place among American liberal philosophers, lawyers, and activists during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. It argues that these debates fundamentally reshaped American political philosophy, by shifting the focus from the welfare state to the realm of international politics. In order to chart this transition from the domestic to the international, this article focuses on the writings of two influential political theorists, John Rawls and Michael Walzer. The turn to international politics in American political philosophy has its origins, in part, in their arguments about domestic citizenship. In tracing these origins, this article situates academic philosophical arguments alongside debates among the American public at large. It offers a first account of the history of analytical political philosophy during the 1960s and 1970s, and argues that the role played by the Vietnam War in this history, though underappreciated, is significant.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Making a case for HCI: comparing materials for case-based teaching

This paper investigates case-based methods for bridging the conflicting goals of providing both topic coverage and practical experience in teaching human-computer interaction (HCI). We evaluate benefits and limitations of five types of case materials - contemporary articles, professionally prepared cases, familiar interfaces, ongoing development projects, and incomplete information (jigsaw) - to probe how they should be structured and approached by an HCI instructor. Through an experience that assessed case-based activities in an undergraduate HCI course, we determined tradeoffs relating to student participation, preparation characteristics, and short- and long-term learning outcomes. Based on our results, we can make several conclusions that should influence selection and development of materials for case-based pedagogy, and we illustrate the need for structured case creation processes that can be performed conjointly with system development efforts.

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fungsi Staf Sekretaris Gereja Dalam Menunjang Pelayanan Di Gbi Imanuel Wamena

This research was written with the aim of mediating the problems faced by the congregation at GBI Imanuel Wamena, in terms of the performance of the church secretarial staff regarding diaconal services which was less than optimal, as well as providing understanding or input that secretarial staff should provide in supporting diakonia services. The author uses a qualitative descriptive method with a field study approach. Interestingly, the performance of the church secretary staff in terms of diaconal services is more focused on appropriate diaconal services to the existing congregation. Unfortunately, this can be a benchmark for the congregation that the performance of the church secretary staff in supporting diaconal services is clear and cannot be detrimental to their performance in the church organization. In ecclesiastical matters, cooperation or, more precisely, uninterrupted communication with church leadership can make services more effective. It was concluded that the performance of the church secretary at GBI Immanuel is required to work extra hard in improving directed diakonia services to the leadership or congregation, both in terms of informing incoming letters, service schedules with the help of the multimedia team, as well as efficient and effective reporting of financial data.AbstrakPenelitian ini ditulis bertujuan untuk mengemukakan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh jemaat di GBI Imanuel Wamena, dari segi kinerja staf sekretaris gereja terhadap pelayanan diakonia yang kurang maksimal, serta memberikan pemahaman atau masukan yang semestinya dilakukan staf sekretaris dalam menunjang pelayanan diakonia. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan, yang mengacu pada pokok bahasan masalah mengenai kinerja staf sekretaris di GBI Imanuel. Menariknya, kinerja staf sekretaris gereja dalam hal pelayanan diakonia lebih banyak terfokus pada pelayanan diakonia secara tepat kepada jemaat yang ada. Rupanya, hal ini dapat menjadi tolak ukur bagi jemaat bahwa kinerja staf sekretaris gereja dalam menunjang pelayanan diakonia jelas dan tidak dapat dibantah akan kinerjanya dalam organisasi gereja. Dalam perihal gerejawi, kerjasama atau lebih tepatnya komunikasi yang tidak pernah putus dengan pimpinan gereja dapat membuat pelayanan menjadi semakin efektif. Disimpulkan bahwa, kinerja sekretaris gereja di GBI Imanuel dibutuhkan untuk bekerja secara ekstra dalam meningkatkan pelayanan diakonia yang terarah, terhadap pimpinan atau jemaat, baik itu dari segi penginformasian surat masuk, jadwal pelayanan melalui bantuan tim multimedia, serta pelaporan data keuangan yang efisien dan efektif.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Identification of missense <i>MAB21L1</i> variants in microphthalmia and aniridia

Microphthalmia, coloboma, and aniridia are congenital ocular phenotypes with a strong genetic component but often unknown cause. We present a likely causative novel variant in MAB21L1, c.152G>T p.(Arg51Leu), in two family members with microphthalmia and aniridia, as well as novel or rare compound heterozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.184C>T p.(Arg62Cys)/c.-68T>C, and c.658G>C p.(Gly220Arg)/c.*529A>G, in two additional probands with microphthalmia, coloboma and/or cataracts. All variants were predicted as damaging by in silico programs. In vitro studies of coding variants revealed normal subcellular localization but variable stability for the corresponding mutant proteins. In vivo complementation assays using the zebrafish mab21l2 <sup>Q48Sfs*5</sup> loss-of-function line demonstrated that though overexpression of wild-type MAB21L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compensated for the loss of mab21l2, none of the coding variant mRNAs produced a statistically significant rescue, with p.(Arg51Leu) showing the highest degree of functional deficiency. Dominant variants in a close homolog of MAB21L1, MAB21L2, have been associated with microphthalmia and/or coloboma and repeatedly involved the same Arg51 residue, further supporting its pathogenicity. The possible role of p.(Arg62Cys) and p.(Gly220Arg) in microphthalmia is similarly supported by the observed functional defects, with or without an additional impact from noncoding MAB21L1 variants identified in each patient. This study suggests a broader spectrum of MAB21L1-associated disease.

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Is the rate of medical publication from Israel similar to other countries? A comparative study of three medical specialties].

Israel lags behind Italy, France, Germany, Egypt and Turkey with regard to the increase of both the number and the quality of medical publications in urology and orthopedics. While the rate and quality of IsraeLi publications in cardiology surpasses those from Egypt, they lag in the number of publications in this medical field behind those of all the rest of the countries examined. In a world of rapid progress and expansion of medical research, Israel has been stagnant in publications in 3 medical specialties, rendering it inferior to other nations.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Heterodimerization of mu and delta opioid receptors: A role in opiate synergy.

Opiate analgesics are widely used in the treatment of severe pain. Because of their importance in therapy, different strategies have been considered for making opiates more effective while curbing their liability to be abused. Although most opiates exert their analgesic effects primarily via mu opioid receptors, a number of studies have shown that delta receptor-selective drugs can enhance their potency. The molecular basis for these findings has not been elucidated previously. In the present study, we examined whether heterodimerization of mu and delta receptors could account for the cross-modulation previously observed between these two receptors. We find that co-expression of mu and delta receptors in heterologous cells followed by selective immunoprecipitation results in the isolation of mu-delta heterodimers. Treatment of these cells with extremely low doses of certain delta-selective ligands results in a significant increase in the binding of a mu receptor agonist. Similarly, treatment with mu-selective ligands results in a significant increase in the binding of a delta receptor agonist. This robust increase is also seen in SKNSH cells that endogenously express both mu and delta receptors. Furthermore, we find that a delta receptor antagonist enhances both the potency and efficacy of the mu receptor signaling; likewise a mu antagonist enhances the potency and efficacy of the delta receptor signaling. A combination of agonists (mu and delta receptor selective) also synergistically binds and potentiates signaling by activating the mu-delta heterodimer. Taken together, these studies show that heterodimers exhibit distinct ligand binding and signaling characteristics. These findings have important clinical ramifications and may provide new foundations for more effective therapies.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Directors’ Duty to Exercise Care and Skill in Contemporary South African Company Law and the Business Judgment Rule

Directors have a duty to exercise care and skill in the performance of their activities. They must carry out the functions of their office and exercise the powers bona fide for the benefit of the company. Long ago, courts restrained themselves from assessing the performance of directors in running the company. However, directors are under constant scrutiny. They can be held delictually liable if they failed to properly exercise their duty of care and skill. Courts use the objective and subjective approaches to determine the liability of directors. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 has partially codified the common law directors’ duty of care, skill and diligence. The directors have to display or demonstrate care and skill of the person holding the same position. However, the directors’ knowledge and skill are also considered in determining what they can perform for the company. The Companies Act has introduced the business judgment rule as a defence for directors to avoid liability. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p70

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Removal of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solution by Lanthanum Hydrate

Aiming at the development of novel efficient adsorbents for phosphorus removal from wastewater, metal hydrates (MeH) were selected as adsorbent material. Several kinds of MeH were tested for phosphorus adsorption, and lanthanum hydrate (LaH) was found to possess a high adsorption capacity. Corresponding to solution pH change, LaH's adsorption capacity changed largely, and at about pH=3 reached the peak. Its adsorption isotherm accorded prefer Langmuir's to Fruendrich's equations. Influences of different anions on its adsorption capacity were tested. This adsorbent was effective to adsorb orthophosphate but limited to remove polyphosphoric anion. The experimental results demonstrated that the LaH adsorbent was superior to traditional activated alumina adsorbent in adsorption performance.

Topic: Phosphorus and nutrient management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences