jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty vs Milligan and Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy

Introduction: Hemorrhoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, and other treatments such as laser hemorrhoidectomy had been used as an alternative.The aim of this study was to determine the outcome and postoperation complications of treatment by laser compared with open hemorrhoidectomy.Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), 85 cases with a second or third degree of hemorrhoids were assigned to two groups at random and followed for 6 months.Those patients in the intervention group were treated by laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) and those in the control group underwent Milligan and Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.At the end of follow-up, 80 cases remained in the trial on whom postoperative pain [visual analog scale (VAS)], complications, and quality of life according to the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire were studied.Data were analyzed using R 3.5.1 software and p value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The most common complaints were bleeding (57%) and pain (41%).Postoperative pain immediately and after 6 months was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05).No complications were seen in any groups in follow-up.All eight scales of SF-36 questionnaire, except general health, were significantly different in the two groups.Physical functioning was lower in patients who underwent LHP, whereas the patients' quality of life in other scales was better in the laser group.The total score of SF-36 was 66.1 ± 3.6 and 56.0 ± 3.3 in laser and surgery groups, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Laser hemorrhoidectomy is a safe procedure, not associated with any excessive postoperative complications.It improves patients' quality of life and can be a substitution of other surgical methods.

Topic: Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Status of DBAE Programs in School Districts Participating in the Getty Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts

An evaluation report submitted to the Getty Center for Education in the Arts by Ralph Hoepfner, Ph.D on June 1, 1991. The report is titled "The Status of DBAE Programs in School Districts Participating in the Getty Institute For Educators on the Visual Arts." The report details the decreased support in DBAE from the Getty Institute after two years of working together with twenty-one districts. The report attempts, as stated, to assess the extent, nature and causes of maintenance or decay of those programs.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-specialist Interference in Medical Decisions: The Patient, the Family, and Ethics

The emergence of private clinics has led, in the name of objectivity and for the real good of the patient, to a separation between the medical and the non-specialist worlds. However, the evolutions in medicine and external social movements have gradually restored his/her status of subject to the patient. The intention here is to give an account of this progressive institutionalisation of such non-specialist intervention, not only in the medical sphere (amply studied in the sociological literature), but also (in the United States at least) within medical decision-making itself, via a legal recognition of the autonomy of the patient as a first step; then via the legitimacy for the family to intervene; and finally via recourse to the social sphere by means of clinical ethics. In this sense such evolution differs from the ethical debate in France, and especially from the real-world practices focused on a more medicalised model for managing the uncertain. In the United States such transformations have indeed led to regulation modes allowing one to introduce even into clinical activity, not only the patient as a subject with all his/her wishes, but also via recourse to clinical ethics, the social body in its whole.

Topic: Health, Medicine and Society
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Edward Alsworth Ross: An Intellectual Shift From Biological Eugenics to Sociological Racial Betterment

This paper explores Edward Ross, a prominent sociologist and chief architect of modern sociology, and his relationship to eugenics and the birth control movement during a period of correspondence between Ross and Margaret Sanger. This paper contextualizes Ross in the within eugenics from its origins to its legislative history. With regard to the birth control movement, this paper details Margaret Sanger's relationship to eugenics. This paper also analyzes several major published pieces of Ross's work during this period concluding that in the end Ross does not reject eugenics. Rather that Ross embraced birth control as a means of fulfilling the principles of racial betterment he once found through mainline American eugenics.

Topic: Race, Genetics, and Society
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Approximate Volume of Sand Materials Stockpile Based on Structure From Motion (SFM)

Information can be obtained through image processing. One of the information that can be obtained is the Volume of a 3-dimensional object. A digital image is 2dimensional data obtained from shooting an object using a camera. A stockpile is a place to store material in an open area. This material is piled up and then taken, processed, marketed, or used later. Various materials can be categorized as a stockpile, one of which is sand material. Calculating the Volume of stockpiles in the mining world is important. Stockpile volume can be measured using image processing. The method used in this research is 3D reconstruction. This image processing uses the Structure from Motion method. The calculation is continued by determining centroid and radius distance using the Euclidean Distance algorithm. The goal of this research is to measure the estimated volume of sand material stockpile based on the results of SFM using Euclidean Distance. Testing experiment processed using a miniature small sand material stockpile. The dataset in this research are images of sand material taken sequentially. Data is obtained using a digital camera. There are nine images used in each test data. The testing data used were 25 pieces of material sand. The average accuracy value is 74.21%, and the RMSE value is 14.31.

Topic: Image and Object Detection Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
About the Sale of the Museum of the Gottwalds: Johann Philipp Breyne and His Correspondents (English)

In early modern times, after the death of a collector, auctions were often organized to sell this late person's collections: be they books, naturalia, artifica lia or scientifica.In 17 th and 18 th century Europe, such luxury items were very fashionable as they symbolized a person's social status and refinement. 1 All around there were special agents who, very often on a family's request, would first record the items, compile them, publish an auction catalogue and finally organize the aforementioned auction for rich clientele interested in purchasing the whole or just a part of the collection. 2 Auction catalogues containing lists and sometimes even pictures of some of the valuable items were always distributed in a number of large European cities; in particular, in cities in the Netherlands where interest in naturalia auc-

Topic: Medieval European History and Architecture
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cholera, Colonialism, and Pilgrimage: Exploring Global/Local Exchange in the Central Egyptian Delta, 1848–1907

From the 1850s to the 1890s, Tanta, the largest city in the Egyptian delta appeared in print media throughout the world as an epicenter of cholera. Medical journals, periodicals, and missionary tracts reproduced the death tolls from the 1848 cholera epidemic that killed three thousand people in Tanta. Collectively, colonial administrators, missionaries, and physicians pigeon-holed Tanta as an epicenter of cholera that threatened to spread westward. This article uses Tanta’s emergence into the global discourse of public medicine as a vehicle to understand the dynamic relationship between global and local engagements. It argues that the 1848 outbreak took on new meaning over the second half of the nineteenth century as it played into larger debates about germ theory, colonialism, and global trade. It shows that Tanta’s engagement with the global discourse reflects the inherently symbiotic relationship between world and local histories.

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Configuration of Real Polymer Chains

The average configuration of polymer molecules in solution is markedly influenced by the obvious requirement, ordinarily disregarded in problems relating to molecular configuration, that two elements of the molecule are forbidden from occupying the same location in space. The influence of spatial ``interferences'' between different segments of the molecule on its average configuration has been investigated by statistical and thermodynamic methods. It is shown that if the average linear dimension of a polymer chain is to be taken proportional to a power of the chain length, that power must be greater than the value 0.50 previously deduced in the conventional ``random flight'' treatment of molecular configuration. This power should approach 0.60 for long chain molecules in good solvents. With increase in size of the solvent molecule, the influence of interference on molecular configuration diminishes, vanishing entirely in the extreme case of a solvent which is also a high polymer. The effect of a heat of interaction between solvent and polymer may also be incorporated quantitatively in the theory. A positive heat of mixing (poor solvent) tends to offset the expansive influence of interference, and the exponent referred to above tends to approach 0.50. The results are of foremost significance in the interpretation of the intrinsic viscosity and its dependence on the polymer constitution and on the solvent. It is pointed out that the spatial dimensions of the irregularly coiled polymer molecule cannot be correlated directly with hindrance to rotation about chain bonds, unless the expansion of the configuration due to interference and the effects of the heat of dilution are first of all taken into account.

Topic: Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thinking With Encounters

Adventures of relevance are inventive undertakings in knowledge-making. But in what sense are such inquiries inventive? In 'The Risks of Invention', Savransky argues that an account of 'invention' attuned to the question of relevance involves the risk of conjoining 'fabrication' and 'discovery', and of devising a new concept of 'objectivity'. Taking this risk seriously requires the construction of a space that can resist a longstanding but false dualism in social science, that between 'realism' and 'constructivism'. Challenging contemporary critiques of objectivity in the social sciences from the perspective of the concept of relevance, Savransky proposes that objectivity be thought pragmatically, as a vector of risk—a way of enabling the objects of social inquiry to object to the questions that are posed to them.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Aortic insufficiency. A result of intermittent migration of aortic valve prosthesis poppet

A bizarre mechanism of aortic valve incompetence was observed when the occluder of a Braunwald-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis decreased in diameter, volume, and weight, and from time to time fell into the left ventricle. The patient's symptoms were palpitation, coughing, chocking sensations, and fright. An operation disclosed a small, smooth ball with disrupted cloth on all the struts. The residual torn mesh was removed, and the ball was replaced.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Pipelined Algorithm and Area-Efficient Architecture for Serial Real-Valued FFT

In this brief, we present a novel pipelined architecture for real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT), which is dedicated to processing serial input data. An optimized algorithm is proposed for stage division in RFFT to achieve an area-efficient RFFT computing structure with full hardware utilization. A single path butterfly and a real rotator are merged into one processing element (PE) in each stage, except the last stage, to reduce hardware resource utilization. In addition, a novel shift-adder is designed for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -point RFFT with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -bit signals, and a new data management method based on the PEs is proposed, which saves resources with a more regular flow graph.

Topic: Digital Filter Design and Implementation
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment

The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) software library developed at Idaho National Laboratory is a tool. MOOSE, like other tools, doesn't actually complete a task. Instead, MOOSE seeks to reduce the effort required to create engineering simulation applications. MOOSE itself is a software library: a blank canvas upon which you write equations and then MOOSE can help you solve them. MOOSE is comparable to a spreadsheet application. A spreadsheet, by itself, doesn't do anything. Only once equations are entered into it will a spreadsheet application compute anything. Such is the same for MOOSE. An engineer or scientist can utilize the equation solvers within MOOSE to solve equations related to their area of study. For instance, a geomechanical scientist can input equations related to water flow in underground reservoirs and MOOSE can solve those equations to give the scientist an idea of how water could move over time. An engineer might input equations related to the forces in steel beams in order to understand the load bearing capacity of a bridge. Because MOOSE is a blank canvas it can be useful in many scientific and engineering pursuits.

Topic: Simulation Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Jung and <i>Aion</i>: Time, Vision, and a Wayfaring Man

C. G. Jung stated in 1957 that the visionary experiences recorded in The Red Book: Liber Novus were the foundation of his life work: “My entire life consisted in elaborating what had burst forth from the unconscious and flooded me like an enigmatic stream … the numinous beginning, which contained everything, was then.” Liber Novus is now historically placed in a hermeneutic relationship with Jung's subsequent writings.

Topic: Jungian Analytical Psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Gender based wage inequality in the public and private sector: The moderating effect of education

Scholars have long observed a wage disparity that exists for women relative to their male counterparts but relative little research has focused on sector comparison. In many places public employment is guided by a formal system designed to increase transparency and accountability, as well as more formalized structures of pay and promotion based on merit and tenure. In theory, these aspects of public employment may create structural limits to the pay inequity that might exist for women in public organizations. In addition to retesting this relationship in the Danish labor context, we consider the role of education in mitigating wage inequity in both public and private employment. We find that in the Danish labor market women face a smaller wage penalty in public employment than in private employment. Further, results suggest that education does, in fact, mitigate wage penalties for women in the private sector-but not in public employment. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for theory.

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of the distribution of indium-111 on human plasma proteins using chromatography and immunoprecipitation. Technical report

The distribution of radioactivity on plasma proteins labeled by addition of Indium-111-oxine to citrated plasma was investigated. Analysis of plasma proteins separated on Sephadex G-200 columns showed that 23-36% of the In-111 was associated with proteins with molecular weight greater than 20,000 daltons and the remaining In-111 was associated with proteins with molecular weight less than 100,000 daltons, presumably transferrin. Affinity chromatography experiments showed that less than 2% of the radioactivity was associated with albumin. Further identification of the labeled proteins and quantitation of associated radioactivity was performed by precipitating specific proteins with antibodies. These studies showed that the In-111 was distributed on transferrin (54-76%), fibrinogen (11-24%), IgM (8-20%), C3 (10-21%), and haptoglobin (3-8%). In-111 associated with fibrinogen, IgM, and haptoglobin was overestimated in some experiments due to binding of In-111 labeled C32 to the antigen-antibody precipitates.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pretend play as improvisation: conversation in the preschool classroom

Contents: W.A. Corsaro, Foreword. Preface. Introduction: Play as Improvisational Performance. Play and Conversation. An Improvisational Theory of Children's Play. Studying Pretend Play in the Preschool Classroom. Performance Style and Performances. Joining the Performance: The Metapragmatics of Play Entry. The Improvisational Exchange: Using Metapragmatic Strategies to Negotiate the Play Frame. The Performance of Play: Children's Group Improvisations. Improvisation and Development.

Topic: Education and Technology Integration
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pediatric Orbital Floor Reconstruction with Split Corticocancellous Rib Graft

Background: Orbital floor fractures constitute roughly 20% of all pediatric facial fractures. Reconstructive techniques are broadly subdivided into alloplastic and autologous. While pediatric literature exists for alloplastic orbital reconstruction, autologous orbital reconstruction studies are limited. Here we present several cases of posttraumatic pediatric orbital reconstruction utilizing autologous split rib graft. Methods: After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted at Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt from 2003 to 2019. A review of relevant published literature was also performed. Results: From 2003 to 2019, 5 pediatric patients underwent orbital reconstruction with split rib graft. Of the 5 patients, 3 were female and 2 were male with an age range of 4 to 8 years old (mean 4.8). Two patients had isolated orbital blow-out fractures while 3 presented with concurrent midfacial fractures. In each patient, the orbit was reconstructed by contoured split rib corticocancellous graft. Average length of stay was 5.2 days. There were no postoperative pneumothoraces. Mean follow-up length was 18.7 months, with no rib donor site complications. Each patient had adequate orbital volume restoration with no postoperative globe malposition or persistent diplopia. Conclusion: Pediatric orbital fractures are complex and challenging injuries. While alloplastic reconstruction is common and reliable, the risks of foreign body implantation and fixation must be carefully considered in patients who have not yet reached skeletal maturity. This is especially pertinent in younger patients as orbital growth continues until approximately 9 years of age. Rib graft use for adult orbital reconstruction has been explored. Data in the pediatric literature has not been identified. Corticocancellous rib graft harvest mandates a second surgical site; however, it is relatively inconspicuous with low postoperative morbidity. Corticocancellous rib grafting is a safe and durable option for orbital reconstruction and should be considered for use in the pediatric patient with a growing facial skeleton.

Topic: Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spark Plasma Sintered ZrO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-SrSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Self-Lubricating Nanocomposites for High Temperature Tribological Applications

Spark plasma sintering is employed to synthesize a variety of self-lubricating ZrO2(Y2O3)- Al2O3 matrix nanocomposites by tailoring the chemical compositions and by adjusting the sintering parameters. Different additives are incorporated into the nanocrystalline ceramics of ZrO2(Y2O3)- 20wt.% Al2O3 to evaluate their potentials as effective high temperature solid lubricants from room temperature to 800oC by using a high temperature friction and wear tester in sliding against alumina ball in air. The density, microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of the sintered nanocomposites have been investigated, as contrasted with the unmodified ceramics, to obtain a better understanding of lubrication mechanisms over a wide temperature range. The ZrO2(Y2O3)-Al2O3-SrSO4 composite exhibits steady-state friction coefficients of less than 0.2 and wear rates in the order of 10-6 mm3/Nm over a broad temperature range from room temperature to 800oC.

Topic: Tribology and Wear Analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Conformational Analogues of Leucamide A

In order to study the effect of heterocyclic core conformational state of leucamide A on its anti-influenza virus A activity, five conformational analogues were prepared by replacing the Pro-Leu dipeptide in the molecule with various amino acids. The amino acids used were of 2 to 6 carbons. The results showed that these replacements not only changed the conformational relationship between the 4,2-bisheterocycle tandem pair and the third heterocycle, but also had dramatic effect on its activity against influenza virus A.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences