jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of HLA and Non-HLA Antibodies Regarding to Rejection Pattern of the Kidney Transplantation

Objective: Antibodies against HLA class I and II antigens are important in kidney transplantations because they cause rejections.Not only antibodies against HLA antigens but also those against non-HLA antigenic system play a role in antibody mediated rejections.In this study it was aimed to detect HLA-and non-HLA antibodies in individuals that experienced rejection attack.Method: Thirteen patients, who clinically experienced rejection episodes according to the biochemical test results after transplantation, were tested by lymphocyte crossmatch (by using the lymphocytes of their living related donors) and non-HLA specific anti-endothelial crossmatch methods.Results: Antibodies specific for Tie-2 receptor positive cells were not detected.The results of XM-ONE cross-match and flow crossmatch tests were found to be compatible with each other. Conclusion:In conclusion, it was considered that immunosuppressive treatment protocols and surgical complications play important role in rejection attacks.Further studies can contributed to determination of graft survival.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Subcellular Specificity

Chemical synapses are essential for neuronal information storage and relay. The synaptic signal received or sent from spatially distinct subcellular compartments often generates different outcomes due to the distance or physical property difference. Therefore, the final output of postsynaptic neurons is determined not only by the type and intensity of synaptic inputs but also by the synaptic subcellular location. How synaptic subcellular specificity is determined has long been the focus of study in the neurodevelopment field. Genetic studies from invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have uncovered important molecular and cellular mechanisms required for subcellular specificity. Interestingly, similar molecular mechanisms were found in the mammalian cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. This review summarizes the comprehensive advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic subcellular specificity, focusing on studies from C. elegans and rodents.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Violent Future? Political Risk Insurance Markets and Violence Forecasts

There is a substantial literature that has linked past acts of violence to investment. In this article, we argue that the appropriate mechanism linking violence to investment is investor perceptions of risk, in which forward-looking investors attempt to predict the likelihood of future political violence. We take advantage of a new data source—the price paid by investors to purchase risk insurance coverage—to more accurately capture how risk is assessed in investment decision making. Building on the civil war literature, we offer a broad explanatory model of variation in violence risk in the developing world. After controlling for recent past experiences with violence, we find that wealth and democracy significantly affect the perception of risk, whereas demographic factors and natural resource endowments have limited, if any, influence.

Topic: Political Conflict and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
2D Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides (MPCh3) for Sustainable Energy Storage and Conversion: Nanoarchitectonics and Advanced Applications

2D metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPCh3) have attracted considerable attention in sustainable energy storage and conversion due to their distinct physical and chemical characteristics, such as adjustable energy bandgap, significant specific surface area, and abundant active sites. However, research on 2D MPCh3 primarily focuses on electrocatalysis, and understanding its energy conversion and storage mechanisms remains incomplete. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in energy storage and conversion using 2D MPCh3-based materials of various structures. It begins with a discussion of the distinctive properties and preparation techniques of 2D MPCh3, followed by a focus on the rational design and development of these materials for diverse energy-related applications, including rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and desalination. Finally, it outlines the key challenges and prospects for future research on 2D MPCh3 materials.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Doxepin versus imipramine in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance: a double-blind study.

This double-blind randomized study compared the effects of imipramine (48 patients) and doxepin (49 patients) in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance symptoms. Mean doses of 112.7 mg/day for doxepin and 116.7 mg/day for imipramine were administered for a mean period of 26 days. While both drugs proved effective, 24 of 27 analyses of covariance showed imipramine to be superior to doxepin. This superiority was statistically significant for the anxiety/depression factor measured on the Hamilton Depression Scale and for the total score, general neurotic feelings factor, cognitive performance difficulty factor and anger-hostility cluster on the Lepman-Rickels Scale. Mild-to-moderate side effects were prevalent to a comparable degree in both treatment groups.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
C-8 <i>N</i>-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavan-3-ols from the Leaves of <i>Camellia sinensis</i> var. <i>pubilimba</i>

Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba, one variety of the genus Camellia sect. Thea (Theaceae), has been used for producing green tea mainly by the local people of its growing areas of Guangxi province, China. Forty compounds, including eight C-8 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (1-8) and their substituted unit N-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone (9), four flavan-3-ol monomers (10-13) and one dimer (14), nine flavonoids (15-23), three hydrolyzable tannins (24-26), two lignans (27-28), 11 simple phenolics (29-39), and caffeine (40), were first isolated and identified from the leaves. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data and authentic samples. Both 1 and 4 were obtained as a mixture of the N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone C-5 enantiomers (1a and 1b and 4a and 4b), respectively, while the resolution of another three pairs of enantiomers (2 and 3, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8) was achieved. Among them, 1b is a new compound whose NMR data together with its enantiomer (1a) were reported for the first time, while 2 and 3 are two new natural products. Most of the isolates exhibited significant antioxidant activities, stronger than ascorbic acid and trolox, while parts of the isolates, particularly C-8 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols, showed obvious inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The results indicated that C. sinensis var. pubilimba is a valuable plant resource for tea production.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Restoration of Sensation to an Insensate Hallux-to-Thumb Transfer

Reconstruction of the thumb with microsurgical transfer of the big toe is now an accepted approach. The expected outcome of such a procedure is a functioning digit, one that not only looks like a thumb, but moves like a thumb and transmits sensory information from the environment to the brain through its recovered sensibility. While the microsurgeon is well-versed in “take backs” to salvage vascular problems after such a complex reconstruction, there is nothing reported in the literature regarding salvage of the insensate hallux-to-thumb transfer.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Muscle chemistry of critically ill surgical patients and the effects of a course of intravenous nutrition

Abstract The water, electrolyte and nitrogen contents of muscle were measured in 15 critically ill surgical patients before and after a course (approximately 2 weeks) of intravenous nutrition and in 8 normal individuals. The muscle from the surgical patients contained a significantly increased ratio of water to fat-free dry weight (P &amp;lt; 0.01) due to an increase in the proportion of extracellular to intracellular water, and this was not corrected by intravenous nutrition. These changes could be due to an accumulation of extracellular fluid alone or to a loss of cell cytoplasm or a loss of whole muscle fibres. Intracellular chemistry was normal in the ill surgical patients and was not changed by intravenous nutrition.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Results of the Quarterly Tritium Survey of Fourmile Branch and Its Seeplines in the F and H Areas of SRS: May 1995

The Environmental Sciences Section of the Savannah River Technology Center established a quarterly monitoring program of the Fourmile Branch stream and its associated seepline located down gradient from the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins. The primary focus of this program was to survey and track changes in tritium levels; however, specific conductivity, and pH were also surveyed and tracked. The measurement from the eleventh survey (May 1995) exhibited similar tritium levels, conductivity measurements, and pH values to data from previous sampling events. The overall results of the tritium survey and stream monitoring data (Looney et al., 1993) indicate that the tritium plume resulting from the past operation of the seepage basins continues to flush from the Fourmile Branch wetland system.

Topic: Water Quality and Resources Studies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Side-scan sonar simulation for a kernelized seafloor shape reconstruction approach

In this paper we show how an existing pixel-based surface elevation estimation method for side-scan sonar data can be enhanced by using a kernelized surface representation. We discuss a Bayesian formulation for the side-scan imaging process and describe how methods of space carving and inverse ray tracing built on Markov Random Fields (MRF) can be introduced to the task of surface estimation from side-scan sonar data.

Topic: Underwater Acoustics Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Unusual Association of Aortic Valve Fibroelastoma and Mitral Valve Stenosis

The etiology of mitral valve stenosis is due to degenerative calcific disease. We report a case of a woman with an aortic supravalvular mass associated to a mitral valve stenosis with previous history of ischemic stroke.

Topic: Cardiac tumors and thrombi
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of the conductivity / permittivity ratio on the dispersion and attenuation of radar signals

In modelling and processing of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data, the distortion of the radar signal as it propagates through the ground is often neglected, see e.g. Davis and Annan, 1989. In the frequency range of interest for GPR applications, 10 MHz to 1 GHz, the loss mechanism in the ground is usually described by an exponential damping factor along the path of propagation.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aesthetic and Functional Genital and Perineal Surgery: Female

We are living in an age of elevating patient demands and increased awareness of self-aesthetics, particularly related to one's genitalia. It is our intent in putting together this very comprehensive issue of aesthetic and functional genital and perineal surgery issue for Seminars in Plastic Surgery to more critically and scientifically address many of the procedures that are performed in this sensitive area of the body. The collaborative experience of many varied surgical and nonsurgical specialties was essential to provide the latest and most comprehensive guide to surgery in the genital and perineal region.

Topic: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multimodal imaging of cutaneous wound tissue

Quantitative assessment of wound tissue ischemia, perfusion, and inflammation provides critical information for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of chronic wounds. However, few methods are available for simultaneous assessment of these tissue parameters in a noninvasive and quantitative fashion. We integrated hyperspectral, laser speckle, and thermographic imaging modalities in a single-experimental setup for multimodal assessment of tissue oxygenation, perfusion, and inflammation characteristics. Algorithms were developed for appropriate coregistration between wound images acquired by different imaging modalities at different times. The multimodal wound imaging system was validated in an occlusion experiment, where oxygenation and perfusion maps of a healthy subject's upper extremity were continuously monitored during a postocclusive reactive hyperemia procedure and compared with standard measurements. The system was also tested in a clinical trial where a wound of three millimeters in diameter was introduced on a healthy subject's lower extremity and the healing process was continuously monitored. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated the clinical feasibility of multimodal cutaneous wound imaging.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful Immunoadsorption with Membrane Plasmapheresis for Multiple Sclerosis

Sixteen patients (mean age, 36.4 years) with multiple sclerosis were treated with immunoadsorption membrane plasmapheresis (IAP). Using an immunoadsorption column containing polyvinyl alcohol gel, IAP was performed two times a week for 2 weeks, followed by once a week for 2 months, and then every 2 weeks. The volume of perfused plasma was 3 liters for each IAP. Activity of natural killer (NK) cells and helper T cells was significantly (p < 0.01) increased after IAP therapy. In addition, muscle power improved in all patients. Walking ability improved in four patients, standing ability in six, and sitting ability improved in seven. Most patients showed improvements in ability to lie still, sensory disturbance, visual disturbance, and urinary complications. No adverse effects were associated with IAP treatment. These findings indicate that IAP therapy is effective for multiple sclerosis.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Concise Review: Can the Intrinsic Power of Branching Morphogenesis Be Used for Engineering Epithelial Tissues and Organs?

Abstract Branching morphogenesis is critical to the development of organs such as kidney, lung, mammary gland, prostate, pancreas, and salivary gland. Essentially, an epithelial bud becomes an iterative tip-stalk generator (ITSG) able to form a tree of branching ducts and/or tubules. In different organs, branching morphogenesis is governed by similar sets of genes. Epithelial branching has been recapitulated in vitro (or ex vivo) using three-dimensional cell culture and partial organ culture systems, and several such systems relevant to kidney tissue engineering are discussed here. By adapting systems like these it may be possible to harness the power inherent in the ITSG program to propagate and engineer epithelial tissues and organs. It is also possible to conceive of a universal ITSG capable of propagation that may, by recombination with organ-specific mesenchymal cells, be used for engineering many organ-like tissues similar to the organ from which the mesenchyme cells were derived, or toward which they are differentiated (from stem cells). The three-dimensional (3D) branched epithelial structure could act as a dynamic branching cellular scaffold to establish the architecture for the rest of the tissue. Another strategy—that of recombining propagated organ-specific ITSGs in 3D culture with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells—is also worth exploring. If feasible, such engineered tissues may be useful for the ex vivo study of drug toxicity, developmental biology, and physiology in the laboratory. Over the long term, they have potential clinical applications in the general fields of transplantation, regenerative medicine, and bioartificial medical devices to aid in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other diseases.

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pediatric Resident Confidence in Resuscitation Skills Relates to Mock Code Experience

To assess confidence in resuscitation skills among pediatric residents and its relationship to training and experience, all pediatric residents at one institution were surveyed regarding their confidence in technical and leadership resuscitation skills and their prior experience with real and mock codes. Respondents (61/82, 74%) reported participation in 4.9 ± 3.6 mock and 3.9 ± 5.0 real codes. Confidence score for all skills was 2.7 ± 0.6 (scale 1-5). Senior residents were more confident than interns (2.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.3 ± 0.5). Residents were more confident in basic (3.9 ± 0.6) than in advanced (2.6 ± 0.6) or expert resuscitation skills (1.6 ± 0.7). Confidence correlated with mock codes ( r = 0.52) and to a lesser degree with real codes attended ( r = 0.36). Performance of active roles and debriefing occurred more commonly with mock than with real codes. The data indicate that pediatric residents have limited confidence in resuscitation skills and that mock code training with active participation and debriefing may be an effective educational tool.

Topic: Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Interpretation of "Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: an expert consensus guideline for stadardized assessment and reporting"].

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a special oral leukoplakia, which has the characteristics of high recurrence and canceration rate. In 2021, the American Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and the North American Association of head and neck Pathologists published "Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting", and divided PVL into four categories: ①Corrugated ortho(para)hyperkeratotic lesion, not reactive; ②Bulky hyperkeratotic epithelial proliferation, not reactive; ③Squamous cell carcinoma, or suspicious for squamous cell carcinoma; and ④Does not fit any above category. This paper intends to interpret the new classifications of PVL in the guidelines in order to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD 2O-AH01-03-03-NF #165033.2

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aromatase inhibitors and risk of cardiovascular events in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Cardiovascular events (CVEs) was considered as one of the primary cause to reduce the quality of life in breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) treatment, which has not been sufficiently addressed. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between risk of CVEs and AIs in patients with breast cancer. Methods Included studies were obtained from the databases of Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and reference lists. The main outcome measures were overall incidence, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Furthermore, the association and the risk differences among different tumor types, AIs, ages,or treatment regimens were conducted. Fixed-effect or random-effect models were applied in the statistical analyses according to the heterogeneity. Our analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results Seventeen studies, which included 44411 subjects, were included in our analyses.The overall incidence of CVEs in AIs group was 13.02% (95% CI: 8.15%–20.17%) and almost all of the high-grade CVEs occurred in patients treated with AIs. The pooled ORs of CVEs was 0.9940 (95% CI: 0.8545-1.1562). Under sub-group analysis, the incidence of CVEs related to exemestane was higher than that of controls (OR=1.1564, 95% CI: 1.0656-1.2549), but no statistical differences in risk of CVEs were found in other sub-group analysis. No evidence of publication bias was found for incidence of CVEs in our meta-analysis by a funnel plot. Conclusions These results suggest that patients with breast cancer treated with AIs do not have a significant risk of developing CVEs in comparison with the controls, and exemestane might not be considered as the alternative AI to the breast cancer patients from the perspective of CVEs. Further studies are recommended to investigate this association and the risk differences among different tumor types, AIs or treatment regimens.

Topic: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Smart Material and Control Design for Vibration Suppression

A smart material made by piezoelectric ceramics to have the function of both the sensor and actuator is developed for vibration suppression. Unlike the passive method that implements suitable components to modify the structural effect of equivalent mass, damping, or stiffness etc. under a known and defined condition, this smart material is designed with the capability of self-detecting and self-actuating so that it can actively damp variant changing vibrations. Interdigital electrode method is used to make the smart material in order to enhance the sensitivity and the piezoelectric strain effect for the sensor and actuator. Polarized electric field of the interdigital electrode influential to the performance is investigated in particular. Various smart materials and thickness affecting polarized electric field of the interdigital electrode is studied and evaluated by ANSYS analysis. Dynamic modeling by using finite element method and Hamilton theory is derived for both the sensor and actuator. Internal model control structure is used for vibration control design. Predictive control method based on finite-element dynamic modeling is developed. Moving optimization method is also used to deal with the uncertainties of the environment so that the robustness of the device is improved. Practical experiment is carried out for performance evaluation.

Topic: Engineering Applied Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences