jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient catalysis of a redox reaction by an artificial enzyme

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient catalysis of a redox reaction by an artificial enzymeHongping Ye, Weida Tong, and Valerian T. D'SouzaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5470–5472Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a094https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review on Nowcasting using Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) to Predict Dengue Occurrence in San Juan and Iquitos as Part of Disease Surveillance System

Dengue which was first detected mainly in South East Asia during 1940s is now a serious public health concern across the subtropical and temperate regions of Americas, Europe and China due to the change in global climate and international travel. Hence, 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are exposed to the danger of potentially fatal dengue infection. This is a review paper of various dengue forecasting methodology to identify suitable models for predicting the disease occurrence in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Iquitos, Peru. Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) model using climatic variables and Google Trends search terms as predictors was proposed to forecast dengue cases four weeks in advance. LASSO's flexibility in incorporating a variety of predictors and its ease of interpretation present LASSO as a compelling case against the general predictive models. Public health regulators could make use of such nowcasting model to facilitate the timing of vector control and public health campaigns along with the medical resource allocation to cope with potential dengue outbreaks.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapamycin/Sirolimus Improves the Behavior of an 8-Year-Old Boy With Nonsyndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder

Hu, Lin-Yan PhD, MD; Shi, Xiu-Yu PhD, MD; Yang, Xiao-Fan PhD, MD; Liu, Meng-Jia PhD, MD; Zou, Li-Ping PhD, MDAuthor Information

Topic: Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
When is Democracy an Equilibrium?: Theory and Evidence from Colombia’s La Violencia

The conventional wisdom in political science is that for a democracy to be consolidated, all groups must have a chance to attain power. If they do not then they will subvert democracy and choose to fight for power. In this paper we show that this wisdom is, if not totally incorrect, seriously incomplete. This is so because although the probability of winning an election increases with the size of a group, so does the probability of winning a fight. Thus in a situation where all groups have a high chance of winning an election, they may also have a high chance of winning a fight. Indeed, in a natural model, we show that democracy may never be consolidated in such a situation. Rather, democracy may only be stable when one group is dominant. We provide a test of a key aspect of our model using data from La Violencia, a political conflict in Colombia during the years 1946-1950 between the Liberal and Conservative parties. Consistent with our results, and contrary to the conventional wisdom, we show that fighting between the parties was more intense in municipalities where the support of the parties was more evenly balanced.

Topic: History and Politics in Latin America
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Methyprednisolon with Bailing Capsule in Treatment of Lupus Nephritis

Objective To study Methyprednisolon with Bailing capsule on lupus nephropathitis.Methods 42 patients with lupus nephritis were divided into treatment group(22 patients)and control group(20 patients).The former were treated with Methyprednisolon and Bailing capsule,the later were treated with hermone.Anti-dsDNA antibody,complemen C3,24-hour proteinuria,serum creatin and bloodureanitrogen.Results Above five parametes both tow groups were observed improved before and after therapy(P0.01).there were obviousel difference compairing those before treatmrnt with those after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Methyprednisolon with Bailing capsule on lupus nephropathitis is effective on lupus nephropathitis.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of vitamin D and paricalcitol on murine cardiomyocytes

Severe alterations of Cacium-Phospate metabolism are frequently associated with chronic kidney diseases. High levels of Phospate and low levels of vitamin D in subjects affected by chronic kidney disease are, in many cases, correlated with high risk of mortality. For this reason, administration of vitamin D represents the elective treatment. Nevertheless, vitamin D in itself induces a variety of side effects which in many cases can be avoided by the administration of vitamin D analogues. In this study we treated murine cardiomyocytes with different concentrations of vitamin D and paricalcitol (one of its analogues) for 48 hours. Cell morphology, cell proliferation, intracellular Calcium deposition, and cAMP level were investigated respectively by light microscopy, immunoenzymatic assay and Von Kossa staining. Results show that, in comparison to paricalcitol, vitamin D induces stronger side effects on cardiomyocytes (such as cell proliferation, morphological changes, activation of signal transduction pathways). From our data emerges that paricalcitol induces less stressful effects on murine cardiomyocytes in comparison to what observed with vitamin D treatment.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Human CD59 Inhibitor Sensitizes Rituximab-Resistant Lymphoma Cells to Complement-Mediated Cytolysis

Supplementary Materials and Methods from Human CD59 Inhibitor Sensitizes Rituximab-Resistant Lymphoma Cells to Complement-Mediated Cytolysis

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Asymptotic Diffusion Analysis of Multi-Server Retrial Queue with Hyper-Exponential Service

A multi-server retrial queue with a hyper-exponential service time is considered in this paper. The study is performed by the method of asymptotic diffusion analysis under the condition of long delay in orbit. On the basis of the constructed diffusion process, we obtain approximations of stationary probability distributions of the number of customers in orbit and the number of busy servers. Using simulations and numerical analysis, we estimate the accuracy and applicability area of the obtained approximations.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhancing resilience of vulnerable rural communities against hydrometeorological hazards in tropical mountains. A case study from the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala.&amp;#160;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Tropical regions are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and cascading disasters. The geography and geology of these regions, along with intense rainfall, high rates of weathering, environmental degradation and global warming, contribute to the increasing impact of hydro-meteorological hazards. More frequent and intense events introduce new risk factors that can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. The analysis of natural hazards in tropical regions faces several challenges, such as the lack of baseline data, which prevents the implementation of effective disaster risk reduction measures. Therefore, the integration of geomorphological, ecological and dendrological studies plays an important role in understanding the impacts of future events and building community resilience. Here we combine multiple sources of data and approaches, such as, remote sensing, field data acquisition, machine learning and physical modelling to develop an integrated coupled landslide-flood risk model for the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala. This risk analysis will strengthen the development and implementation of appropriate disaster risk reduction in rural communities.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sierra de las Minas is a very complex region due to coalescing events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, land mass movements and floods. The impact of Hurricane Mitch in 1998 is used as a reference to understand the frequency and magnitude of these types of hydro-meteorological hazards, the triggering factors and the multi-hazard dynamics. The results are subsequently used to determine the potential socioeconomic impacts of a similar event under current conditions of vulnerability and exposure. The potential socioeconomic losses are then compared to the impacts of hurricanes Eta and Iota in 2020. This information will be used to propose adaptation strategies, such as community-based early warning systems, pedestrian evacuation models and storytelling projects, that will help reduce the underlying vulnerabilities of the community to better respond to potential events to which it is exposed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Principals’ positioning of teacher specialists: between sensitivity, coaching, and dedication

This study investigates how principals position specialized teachers (i.e., teachers with expertise in a specific area who are assigned to build the capacity of teachers through professional development) and how these positions might enable and constrain the teachers' actions. Today, a general tendency to foster professionalization by establishing new specialized teacher roles is growing. Research reveals that principals' communication is crucial for these teachers' work, yet how they talk about the teachers is rarely the main object of investigation. By analyzing observational data and interviews with three principals, this study explores how Norwegian specialized teachers are positioned, locally referred to as teacher specialists, and hence how professionalization through specialization is put into practice. Drawing on positioning theory, three inductively derived positions are identified, revealing that the principals tend to equalize the specialists and the staff and emphasize the specialists' attributes rather than their subject knowledge. The results suggest that, although principals' positioning can impede potential conflicts within the collegium, de-emphasizing the specialists' expertise arguably makes it difficult to consider such roles as professionalization initiatives. Moreover, reducing specialized teachers to a matter of dedication and careful teacher approaches can constrain specialist-led development work and facilitation of inquiry-based dialogs within the collegium.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Information-Theory Based Symmetry Classifications of Sets of S/TEM Zone-Axis Images in Support of Nanocrystallography and Discrete Electron Tomography

Both ordinary (translation periodic) crystals and quasicrystals possess anisotropic structures which need to be classified with respect to their symmetries at the atomic level. Well-chosen discrete sets of projections of these structures into two dimensions (2D) allow for tomographic reconstructions at atomic resolution [1]. Transmission electron goniometry [2,3] enables image-based nanocrystallography [3–6] and prospectively also discrete electron tomography at atomic resolution in both the scanning (S/) probe and parallel illumi-nation (phase contrast/electron-exit wave-reconstruction) modes of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure 1 illustrates the transmission electron goniometry principle on a crystalline sample [4]. Manufactures and vendors of S/TEMs might be pleased to read that the idea of transmission electron goniometry goes back to German patents [6] that expired a long time ago. There is, however, significant room for improvements as far as specimen goniometers in S/TEMs are concerned [7,8].

Topic: Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Structural Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Notes on Cooperstein Ovoids in Finite Geometries of Type E_{6,1}(q)

A Cooperstein ovoid is a set of q^8+q^4+1 pairwise non-collinear points in the Lie incidence geometry E_{6,1}(q). They were introduced by Cooperstein twenty-six years ago motivated by the fact that possible non-existence of them would imply non-existence of ovoids in hyperbolic quadrics of rank 5. Since then, no progress has been made on their existence question. We prove that Cooperstein ovoids do not exist under some natural additional conditions. In particular, Cooperstein ovoids intersecting every symplecton of E_{6,1}(q) do not exists, Cooperstein ovoids which are the fixed points of a collineation do not exist, and Cooperstein ovoids which are the absolute points of a polarity of E_{6,1}(q) do not exist.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
15: SERUM TAU AND P-TAU AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR PEDIATRIC TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of tau and tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 (p-tau181) residue as diagnostic and prognostic neuronal blood-based biomarkers in the setting of mild and moderate pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended Pediatrics (GOS-E Peds). Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included 29 patients aged 0-18 years who sustained a mild/moderate pTBI (GCS 9-15) and 19 healthy controls (HC). Serum samples of tau and p-tau were collected and analyzed at the time of enrollment (0 hours), with follow-up measurements at 24 and 48 hours post-injury. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and statistical comparisons were performed to analyze plasma biomarker concentrations and GCS severity, as well as binary GOS-E Peds outcome (5-8 = unfavorable, 1-4 = favorable), which was evaluated at 2-6 weeks, 6-9 months, and 12 months post-injury. Data were analyzed utilizing Prism 9 software. Results: Tau and p-tau levels were significantly elevated in patients who sustained mild/moderate pTBI compared to HC at 0h post-injury (p-value 0.017 and 0.001, respectively); with an AUC of 0.84 for tau and a 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.71 and 0.97, and an AUC of 0.87 for p-tau with a 95% CI between 0.75 and 0.99. Furthermore, p-tau levels were also elevated at 48h post-injury versus HC (p-value 0.031) with an AUC of 0.93 and a 95% CI between 0.83 and 1.00. Our preliminary data suggest that p-tau measured at 0h could possibly predict unfavorable outcomes at 2-6 weeks and 6-9 months post-injury (p-value 0.014 and 0.021, accordingly) with an AUC of 0.90 for p-tau at 2-6 weeks and 0.80 at 6-9 months. In addition, when tau was measured at 0h, it correlated with outcome prediction at 12 months (p-value 0.004) with an AUC of 1.00. Conclusions: Serum tau and p-tau levels were elevated in mild/moderate pTBI subjects at 0h post-injury compared to HC. Thus, examining the relationship between elevations of these proteins following brain trauma with the GOS-E Peds at 2-6 weeks, 6-9 months, and 12 months post-injury could potentially assist with diagnosing pTBI and may help predict neurological outcomes.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On being yourself in different cultures: ideal and actual self-concept, autonomy support, and well-being in China, Russia, and the United States

The present study used multilevel modeling and measures of the Big Five to test Rogers’ prediction that discrepancies between ideal and actual self-concept would be negatively associated with well-being, and to test the prediction drawn from self-determination theory that partners’ autonomy support would be associated with smaller discrepancies. Discrepancies and well-being were found to be negatively associated in samples from the USA, Russia, and China, but participants’ actual self-concept was closer to their ideal when with autonomy supportive partners. Although there was some moderation by country membership, associations were in the same direction for all countries. Discussion focuses on the cultural and clinical implications.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
International Joint Ventures

Although international business appears to be georgraphically boundless, it is limited by the effectiveness of its strategies for managing subsidiaries overseas. The development of a conceptual scheme based on managing international joint ventures (IJVs) is far behind the increase in popularity of these types of strategic alliances. This article offers an integrative framework based on the development of a new paradigm for strategic human resource management in IJVs. The external and internal consistency of key strategic planning methods is examined in both environmental and organizational contexts and related to concepts of fit and flexibility in the IJV domain. Research propositions and implications for future study are developed to guide the further refinement of theory and research on international joint ventures.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Cotton Crop Disease Detection using Machine Learning via Tensorflow

&#x0D; World population is expected to be 10 billion in 2050. With more mouths to feed, agriculture needs to boost up to meet the food requirements. However, developing countries like Pakistan has seen a decline in their production of the crops. One of the main reasons behind declined in the production of the cotton crop is the damage caused by cotton diseases. Our model is giving farmers an easy and efficient method to diagnose cotton diseases and will recommend the usage of pesticides. It is based on machine learning, which learns with every use. Agriculture needs innovative ideas to increase its yield. CottonCare (Cotton Crop Disease Detection using Deep Learning via TensorFlow) is also one of the steps to integrate artificial intelligence into agriculture. The goal of this project is to help the farmers in decreasing the production cost and achieving the higher yield, which is also going to contribute to the country’s economy.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Microgroove etching on flexible copper clad laminate with picosecond lasers

Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have received extensive attention in the field of 5G electronic device packaging because of their high performance as microwave substrates and packaging materials. This article describes the use of a two-wavelength picosecond laser, with a pulse duration of 8.8 ps and a repetition frequency of 100 kHz, to perform ablation experiments on a flexible LCP copper clad laminate. By fitting the experimental results, the calculated radiation exposure was found to be 3.1 and 4.45 J/cm2 at wavelengths of 1064 and 355 nm, respectively. In addition, it was revealed that the laser parameters and the material characteristics of the LCP seriously affected the quality of laser machining due to photopolymerization of the LCP at 1064 nm; in contrast, better results were obtained at 355 nm. Furthermore, the effect of scanning speed and average power on the microgroove etching process was investigated. Desirable etching results were obtained at a scanning speed of 500–700 mm/s and an average power of 2.5–3.5 W. The results of this study can be useful for the processing of LCP-encapsulated electronic devices.

Topic: Laser Material Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhanced cardiac-specific differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells via electrical stimulation

Cardiovascular diseases account for more deaths than any other disease. Cardiac tissue engineering has turned to stem cells as a renewable source of myocytes for use in tissue replacements. Existing methods for stem cell differentiation are non-specific, yielding low numbers of myocytes, with varying contraction frequencies and strengths. The goals of this project are to design novel experimental approaches, utilizing an electrical stimulation regimen, aimed at increasing the efficiency of cardiac differentiation from embryonic stem cells and generating cardiac myocytes/scyncithia with functional characteristics that more closely resemble native tissues. It has been found that parameters such as amplitude, duration and frequency of the electrical stimulus and the timing of its onset are critical factors for enhancement of cardiac differentiation. Embryonic stem cells, subjected to an optimum regime of embryoid body formation via the hanging drop method followed by suspension culture and subsequent post plating on conductive slides with stimulation exhibit nearly 50% more cells differentiating toward the cardiac lineage compared to non-stimulated controls, as determined by microscopical analysis of the expression of ventricular marker myosin light chain-2v via immunohistochemistry. The spontaneous contractions in the stimulated cells begin up to one day earlier and have an average beat frequency close to that of the stimulus applied during differentiation. The spontaneously contracting regions have larger areas of contraction, which beat more rhythmically, as determined by videographic analysis. Data suggests that these improved myocytes may be better suited for applications in tissue engineered constructs, direct implantation into an ailing heart and for use in drug development models than those from other methods.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences