jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Single phase to ground fault protection based on transient signals in non-solidly earthed network

DOI: 10.1049/cp:20061837 ISBN: 0 86341 638 1 Location: Beijing, China Conference date: 17-20 Sept. 2006 Format: PDF Significant progress has been made in the protection of single phase to ground fault (earth fault) in non-solidly earthed network. The earth fault protection based on transient signals is one advanced technique, which uses the transient signals in SFB (Selected Frequency Band) to identify the faulty feeder through amplitude comparison, polarity comparison, or measuring the direction of transient reactive power. As a passive method, it has a high reliability, safety and can be applied easily. The field application proved its excellent performances. (5 pages) Inspec keywords: power distribution faults; power distribution protection; reactive power; power system transients; earthing Subjects: Distribution networks; Power system protection; Power systems

Topic: Power Systems Fault Detection
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supercritical fluid extraction as a useful method for pesticides determination

Despite attractive features (rapid extractions, small solvent volumes, non-toxicity of CO 2 , potential of selectivity depending on the fluid density, relatively clear and concentrated ex t ra c t s , p o s s i ble coupling with ch romatography and automation), the use of SFE in routine analytical ap p l i c ations is a rather slow process.Indeed, t h e major drawback of this recent technique is the large number of parameters to control and optimize, which results in time re q u i red for developing a new method.In add i t i o n , t h e extraction conditions are strongly dependent on the matrix to be extracted, so that parameters need to be adjusted for every new application.D e t e rm i n ation of pesticides remains a ch a l l e n ge fo r mainly three reasons: the wide variety of physicochemical properties and chemical structures of pesticides, the many possible matrices that should be investigated, and the trace c o n c e n t rations at wh i ch pesticides are usually pre s e n t .Recent papers reviewed environmental applications of SFE [1,2], especially with regards to the extraction of the main classes of pesticides [3][4][5].As SFE perfo rmances are strongly dependent on the nature of the sample, this article will consider the matrices that have been submitted to SFE for pesticides determination. Principle of SFEA fluid is in its supercritical state when both its pressure and temperature are above their critical value (when only one c ritical value is at t a i n e d, the fluid is said subcri t i c a l ) .Supercritical fluids possess unique properties, intermediate between gas and liquids properties [6][7][8][9][10].In particular, their high diffusivity allows for rapid extractions.In addition, the fluid density may be precisely adjusted, by a correct choice of both pressure and temperature.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall: Their relation to pulsatile pressure and flow in the artery

The aim of this paper is to analyze the radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall in the context of pulsatile pressure and flow, and to understand their physiological implications for the cardiovascular system. A reexamination of the well-established one-dimensional governing equations for axial blood flow in the artery and the constitutive equation for the radial dilation of the arterial wall shows that two waves---a pulsatile pressure wave in the artery and a radial displacement wave in the arterial wall---propagate simultaneously along the arterial tree with the same propagation velocity, explaining why this velocity combines the physical properties and geometries of both the blood and the arterial wall. With consideration of their coupling, the governing equations for the radial motion and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall are derived separately. The driving force for the radial motion of the arterial wall arises from its longitudinal motion. The longitudinal motion of the arterial wall is the standard longitudinal elastic wave with two driving forces: one associated with the pulsatile flow rate and the other associated with the radial motion. These derived governing equations shed insights on some recent experimental findings in the literature, including the correlation of measured arterial wall stiffness (solely based on the radial motion) to its longitudinal motion, the decreasing trend of arterial wall distensibility from the aorta to the periphery, the underlying mechanism of the longitudinal motion pattern of the common carotid arterial wall, and the motion pattern variation in longitudinal motion with aging and diseases.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of TW Hydrae Association Members

Adaptive optics (AO) on 8-10 m telescopes is an enormously powerful tool for studying young nearby stars. It is especially useful for searching for companions. Using AO on the 10-m W.M. Keck II telescope we have measured the position of the brown dwarf companion to TWA5 and resolved the primary into an 0.055{double_prime} double. Over the next several years follow-up astrometry should permit an accurate determination of the masses of these young stars. We have also re-observed the candidate extrasolar planet TWAGB, but measurements of its motion relative to TWA6A are inconclusive. We are carrying out a search for new planetary or brown dwarf companions to TWA stars and, if current giant planet models are correct, are currently capable of detecting a 1 Jupiter-mass companion at {approx} 1.0{double_prime} and a 5 Jupiter-mass companion at {approx} 0.5{double_prime} around a typical TWA member.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Magnetotransport in disordered two-dimensional topological insulators: signatures of charge puddles

In this numerical study we investigate the influence and interplay of disorder, spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field on the edge-transport in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells in the framework of coherent elastic scattering. We show that the edge states remain unaffected by the combined effect of moderate disorder and a weak magnetic field at realistic spin-orbit coupling strengths. Agreement with the experimentally observed linear magnetic field dependence for the conductance of long samples is obtained when considering the existence of charge puddles.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal tumor thrombus (Vp3), successfully treated by intraarterial injection of epirubicin and transcatheter arterial embolization.

門脈本幹に至る腫瘍塞栓合併肝細胞癌の予後は一般に不良とされている.今回我々は58歳男性例でリザーバーを装着した肝動脈カテーテルよりのepirubicin動注療法(20mg/1～2週)と肝動脈塞栓療法により主腫瘍・門脈腫瘍塞栓とも完全壊死に陥ったことを手術的に確認できた症例を経験した.本例ではepirubicin動注量に比例してアルファフェトブロテイン値低下しており,epirubicinの有効性が示唆されるが,その理由として,(1)肝動脈造影で著明なthread & streaks signを認め,門脈腫瘍塞栓までの薬剤到達が容易と考えられること,(2)SDI法での門脈腫瘍塞栓部の抗癌剤感受性が良好であったこと,(3)epirubicin代謝物質のepiru-bicinolが手術時腫瘍塞栓部に残存しており,長期の薬剤との接触が考えられる.今後もthread& streaks signを認める門脈腫瘍塞栓合併肝癌症例には肝動注療法を主体とした治療を検討していきたい.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Overview on Chitosan as a valuable ingredient and biostimulant in pharmaceutical industries and agricultural products

Chitosan is a polysaccharide extracted from the shells of crustaceans, such as shrimp, crab, and cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is formed from chitin, a co-polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine, when over 80% of the acetyl groups of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues are removed. Chitosan and its derivatives have been shown to possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer. Chitosan has been studied in recent years as a natural agrochemical biostimulant for applications in areas such as seed coating, preservation of fruits and vegetables, fungicides, growth biostimulants, elicitors, inducer of resistance to pathogens, etc. Chitosan as a biostimulant has biological properties and effective uses in the pharmaceutical industries, food industries, and agricultural products. This paper is a brief review on characterization, modification, and applications of chitosan.

Topic: Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

The management of locally advanced rectal cancer remains a challenge because of relatively high local recurrence rates, even with optimal surgery. This chapter reviews the evidence from clinical trials for the use of various perioperative strategies based on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both in these patients, as well as discusses how these results may inform clinical practice. In particular, two treatment strategies that have been shown to be beneficial and that are standard treatment options for patients with locally advanced disease are short-course preoperative radiotherapy and long-course preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In clinical trials in which these treatments were used in addition to surgery, improvements in local recurrence rates have been observed, although overall survival has less frequently been prolonged. These patients should also receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the efficiency of farms in Brandenburg - A data envelopment analysis

The transition of East German agriculture led to major structural adjustments that showed some very particular phenomena. For instance, most of the successors of the former agricultural production cooperatives (LPGs) make slight losses and they operate at a higher employment level than new and re-established farms. In this paper we try to explain these phenomena with the farms' history prior to the transition period. Particular attention is given to sunk costs, the identity of members and employees, and old debts. A Data Envelopment Analysis of 210 financial statements distributed over the financial years 1992/93 to 1995/96 gives evidence that these historical arguments had a decisive impact on the farms' behaviour. However, this impact decreases over time, particularly because of a gradual replacement of assets.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The World Bank Early Reflections on Development: A Development Institution or a Bank

Until the late 1960s, the World Bank presented itself as an institution devoted to making sound and directly productive project loans. Yet, during its very early years, some discussions developed inside the Bank regarding the possibility of issuing different types of loans, namely (i) loans aimed at tackling social issues (“social loans”), and (ii) loans aimed at providing foreign currency to address disequilibria in the balance of payments (“impact loans”).&#13;\nThis paper brings together historical analysis and theories of organization development to study the housing issue as a case in point. The analysis reveals that the Bank was unwilling to lend for housing programs not because these were not sound—in fact, they were—but because they were geared toward achieving social welfare objectives and were not directly linked to productive investment projects, such as dams, power stations, and railroads. This early decision had a significant impact on the subsequent development of the Bank’s view of policy-making: it locked the institution into a particular lending pattern, and deprived it of important intellectual resources. It was not until the late 1960s that the Bank began to take social issues into consideration, rather late compared with other multilateral institutions.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrastructure of the mouse epididymal duct with special reference to the regional differences of the principal cells.

It is generally known that spermatozoa aquire the capacity for fertilization during passage through the proximal region of the epididymal duct and are then stored in the distal region of the duct (BEDFORD, 1975; HAMILTON, 1975). The mouse epididymal duct has been divided into five segments (I-V) by light microscopy; Segments I, II and III constitute the head of the epididymis, Segment IV the body, and Segment V the tail; Segments I, II and III seem to belong to the proximal region, and Segments IV and V to the distal region (TAKANO, 1980). In this electron microscope study, we have examined the regional differences of the principal cells of the epididymal duct to understand the functional significance of each segment.The principal cells decrease in height distalwards from Segments I to V. The nucleus is situated basally in the cells, with a well developed Golgi apparatus located above it. The endoplasmic reticulum in Segments I, II and III is generally vesicular, and is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum increase in number from Segments I to III. In Segments IV and V, flattened rough endoplasmic reticulum is seen in the basal cytoplasm of the cells. The multivesicular bodies are usually located in the supranuclear cytoplasm. They are large in Segment II and frequent in Segments II and IV. The dense bodies are specific in appearance for the cells in each segment. They are seen in the supranuclear cytoplasm in Segment I and in the infranuclear cytoplasm in Segments III, IV and V. Few dense bodies are found in Segment II. The apical cytoplasm contains coated and non-coated vesicles. These vesicles consist of large and small types in Segments I, II and III. They are of the small type in Segments IV and V. The luminal surface membrane has coated or non-coated invaginations between stereocilia.The findings suggest that the principal cells have secretory and absorptive functions specific for each segment. Discussion shall be made on the possibility that the secretion of the specific epididymal substances may provide the fertilizing ability to spermatozoa and the absorption pertains to the testicular fluid, epididymal secretions and substances bound to spermatozoa.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Perspective on Exercise Rehabilitation Strategies Based on Hemodynamic Optimization: Enhancing Skeletal Muscle Repair

The integration of hemodynamics into exercise rehabilitation has gained attention as a promising approach to enhance skeletal muscle repair. This study connects the physiological linkage between hemodynamics and muscle regeneration, focusing on how exercise-induced hemodynamic changes can optimize recovery outcomes. By reviewing recent literature, the research examines the mechanisms of blood flow restriction (BFR) training and its impact on muscle repair, alongside other emerging techniques like compression therapy. The key research question is how hemodynamic parameters can be adapted to design personalized rehabilitation strategies. Findings suggest that optimizing blood flow shear stress and oxygenation levels could improve muscle regeneration efficiency, particularly for sports injuries. This study proposes a theoretical framework for tailoring exercise prescriptions based on hemodynamic data, offering a low-cost, non-invasive solution. However, challenges such as accessibility and patient compliance remain. This work emphasizes the potential of hemodynamic-focused rehabilitation and calls for further exploration into integrating wearable technology for real-time monitoring, contributing to precision rehabilitation in sports science and therapy.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Remaining Cryptic During Motion — Behavioral Synchrony in the Proboscis Bat (<i>Rhynchonycteris naso</i>)

Most bat species inhabit roosting sites in whichthey are well concealed during the day, such ascaves or tree holes, whereas others roost in exposedlocations on tree trunks or branches (Kunz and Lum -sden, 2003). For the latter, it is essential to appearcryptic in order to avoid predation or disturbance atthe day-roost. Several traits have evolved to enhancethe bats’ cryptic appearance, including cryptic col-oration (e.g., the greenish wings of the foliage-roost-ing bat

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Material, sj-png-2-ptd-10.1177_0896860820982218 - ISPD recommendations for the evaluation of peritoneal membrane dysfunction in adults: Classification, measurement, interpretation and rationale for intervention

Supplemental Material, sj-png-2-ptd-10.1177_0896860820982218 for ISPD recommendations for the evaluation of peritoneal membrane dysfunction in adults: Classification, measurement, interpretation and rationale for intervention by Johann Morelle, Joanna Stachowska-Pietka, Carl Öberg, Liliana Gadola, Vincenzo La Milia, Zanzhe Yu, Mark Lambie, Rajnish Mehrotra, Javier de Arteaga and Simon Davies in Peritoneal Dialysis International

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The diagnostic value of CT in siderophilia (primary idiopathic hemochromatosis)].

CT, due to its high resolution of density, is suitable, within certain limits, to quantify iron contents in the liver. - Diagnostic value and limits of dual-energy-computed tomography after 38 examinations, 31 of them in patients with verified haemochromatosis, are described: In a progressive state of iron overload a high correlation exists between results of computed tomography and usual reference methods of iron metabolism (iron determination by absorption spectrometry and histologic examination, serum-iron-level, serum-ferritin-level, relative transferrin saturation, desferal test). - With a specificity of nearly 100% CT shows a minor or medium iron overload only with low sensitivity. - Because of its noninvasive nature CT is an alternative method of biopsy in progressive liver disease with suspected hepatic siderosis.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 3053: Development of novel cell-based bioassays for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) are immune checkpoint receptors that bind to PD-L1/PD-L2 or MHCII, respectively, on antigen presenting cells or tumor cells. PD-1 or LAG-3 activation results in the inhibition of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and reduced T cell activation. However, co-blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 leads to a synergistic enhancement in T cell responses, suggesting functionally divergent inhibitory signaling mechanisms between the two receptors. Preclinical studies suggest that blocking LAG-3 re-activates the immune system to kill cancer cells, and co-blockade of both PD-1 and LAG-3 lead to a synergistic increase in tumor control and survival in preclinical models. Current methods for measuring the potency of LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 blocking antibodies measure cytokine production from human PBMCs upon Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen stimulation. These protocols are tedious, highly variable, and require the use of highly toxic superantigen. Herein, we describe the development of reporter-based bioassays for the development of LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 combination-targeted biologics. Engineered T effector cell lines expressing LAG-3 alone or in combination with PD-1 are activated in an antigen-dependent manner by APC cell lines. The assays are specific for LAG-3 or PD-1xLAG-3-targeted biologics and are robust as demonstrated by Design of Experiments analyses. In addition, the assays can be used to measure the relative potencies of test samples compared with reference sample in a detection range of 50% to 200% and show appropriate precision, accuracy and linearity. The assays can detect potency changes for heat-stressed samples, and are tolerant to human serum, demonstrating the potential to be further developed into neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays. Therefore, these bioassays can serve as valuable tools for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3.Citation Format: Jamison Grailer, Denise Garvin, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhi-jie Jey Cheng. Development of novel cell-based bioassays for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3053.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Dynamic Spatial Clustering for Emergency Response based on Hierarchical-Partition Model

Understanding the situation distribution is a fundamental but important step in the emergency response to disaster. There are various emergency related spatial data available on Internet; however, it is still a big challenge in clustering the dynamic big spatial data. In this study, we provide a dynamic spatial clustering (DSC) to efficiently load and cluster the spatial big data based on a hierarchical-partition model (HPM). We have modeled the DSC to understand the distribution of emergency (e.g. Kumamoto earthquake in May 2016) from spatial data in tweets. The major contributions in the HPM-based DSC include loading dynamic big spatial data with optimal utilization of external memory, and rapid clustering to detect the dense regions of targeted emergency.

Topic: Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences