jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drug Resistance of Staphylococci

ABSTRACT It was reported that resistance to tetracycline (TC) in some staphylococcal strains was lost irreversibly without loss of resistance to other drugs when cultured at high temperature, and that the determinant for TC resistance exists on a plasmid. According to the transductional analysis of TC resistance in Staphylococcus aureus E169 it was found that the genes which govern resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin are located close together on a single genetic element. When TC resistance in MS146, one of our stock cultures, was transduced to E169S which had lost TC resistance, TC resistance in transductants was found to be unstable at elevated temperatures. By contrast, TC resistance in transductants MS353 TC r , to which TC resistance was transduced from E169, was indicated to be stable even when cultured at high temperature. From these results, it is strongly suggested that instability of TC resistance in E169 is not accounted for by the genetic properties of the genes which govern TC resistance but those of host cell (E169) itself.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Methods S2 from Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of MUC1 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Recurrent Colorectal Adenoma

&lt;p&gt;supplementary methods: Detailed laboratory methods&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nomenklatorische Änderungen und taxonomische Ergänzungen zum dreiteiligen Bestimmungswerk (1969-1971) und Nachtrag (1974): Die Bienen des Genus Halictus LATR. s.l. im Großraum von Linz (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

The species identification keys of the genera Halictus and Lasioglossum of the Central European (EBMER 1969-1971, 1974) after over 50 years are still used by the next generation entomologists, especially in difficult taxonomical cases. For the first time, identification tables for Halictidae were richly illustrated with drawings for Central Europe. In the 1974 supplement, photos of structural details of bees were published for the first time in Europe. Because there have been some corrections and changes since then, especially conserning the nomenclature, but also additions or deletions of species for the Central European area in the classic cultural-geographical sense, this publication intends to bring the three-part identification keys and the addendum up to date.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Inter-organisational collaboration: a conceptual model

A need for successful collaborative strategies is an enduring issue in organisations management. Several qualities of 'successful' partnerships have been identified. Individuals who consider themselves a member of the partnership are more central to the network of organisations invited to join the partnership and maintain a greater proportions of unique ties relative to ties common across multiple actors. Different aspects of collaborative networks were studied and a conceptual model is proposed for inter-organisational collaboration. The proposed model encompasses four major dimensions: facilitators, barriers, motivators and outcomes. Several factors are identified for each dimension. All of these factors in combination with each other can determine suitable collaboration type.

Topic: Collaboration in agile enterprises
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of structure transformation on electrophysical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The effect of ion irradiation and thermal annealing on electrophysical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) network have been studied. The morphology and structure of MWCNT networks have been studied by means of SEM and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that irradiation causes formation of defects in the structure of MWCNT. Annealing leads to partial recovery of the structure of MWCNT. Electrophysical measurements indicate an effect of internal structure transformation on the resistance of MWCNT networks. The increment of the resistance of MWCNT networks after treatments is observed. It is shown that the combination of ion irradiation and thermal annealing effectively manage the electrophysical properties of MWCNT networks.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparative Study of the Fiction of Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Kim Dong-ri’s ‘Muneyodo’: Focusing on the Themes of Folkways and Premodernity

This paper aims to examine similar features in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Kim Dong-ri’s “Muneyodo” focusing on the themes of folkways and premodernity. The fact that the two authors introduced the lower-class people or subaltern as a tragic protagonist is significant in both the history of English and Korean literature. This study explores the way the two authors present the decline and fall of tradition and premodernity in the social transformation during modernization. This study draws attention to Hardy’s and Kim Dong-ri’s interest in folkways by exploring their literary texts. In the life of Mohwa the shaman in “Muneyodo,” Kim Dong-ri presents shamanism, which he connects to Korean ancient faith. Unlike previous studies on Hellenic Paganism in Tess, this study traces some features of Celtic Druidism or British primitive religion paganism such as The May-Day dance and the visit to Stonehenge in Tess. This study interprets Tess as a narrative symbolizing the ritual of the primitive Celtic religion from the perspective of folklore. In the introduction of the work, The May-Day dance, where Tess is in a pure white dress and has a red ribbon on her head, implies that she is destined to be a sacrifice at the Stonehenge Altar, which appears at the end of the story.

Topic: Thomas Hardy Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Discussion on Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations by H. Rue, S. Martino and Nicolas Chopin

Structured additive regression models are perhaps the most commonly used class of models in statistical applications. It includes, among others, (generalized) linear models, (generalized) additive models, smoothing spline models, state space models, semiparametric regression, spatial and spatiotemporal models, log-Gaussian Cox processes and geostatistical and geoadditive models. We consider approximate Bayesian inference in a popular subset of structured additive regression models, latent Gaussian models, where the latent field is Gaussian, controlled by a few hyperparameters and with non-Gaussian response variables. The posterior marginals are not available in closed form owing to the non-Gaussian response variables. For such models, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods can be implemented, but they are not without problems, in terms of both convergence and computational time. In some practical applications, the extent of these problems is such that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is simply not an appropriate tool for routine analysis. We show that, by using an integrated nested Laplace approximation and its simplified version, we can directly compute very accurate approximations to the posterior marginals. The main benefit of these approximations is computational: where Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms need hours or days to run, our approximations provide more precise estimates in seconds or minutes. Another advantage with our approach is its generality, which makes it possible to perform Bayesian analysis in an automatic, streamlined way, and to compute model comparison criteria and various predictive measures so that models can be compared and the model under study can be challenged.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring the role of online EFL learners’ perceived social support in their learning engagement: a structural equation model

During the COVID-19 pandemic period, a growing number of learning activities are taking place in online contexts. Along with the adversity in the online course of target language learning, student engagement has been considered important to improve learners' academic achievements of the target language. Although there has been a growing interest in the relationship between students' perceived social support and their online learning engagement, the literature lacks an in-depth investigation of the intricate relations between these two constructs in an online English as a foreign language (EFL) learning setting during the pandemic. To address this gap, this study attempts to develop a model which depicts the relationships between students' perceived social support and their online English learning engagement. A total of 615 university students in China were invited to take part in the study. By conducting structural equation modeling, the results confirmed the mediational model in which behavioral engagement completely mediated the relationships between social support (teacher support and peer support) and three other types of student engagement (cognitive, emotional and social engagement). These findings suggest designing effective instruction and developing support strategies in online teaching to enhance EFL learners' engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Topic: Psychology of Development and Education
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Movement Control of Accompanying Robot Based on Artificial Potential Field Adapted to Dynamic Environments

SUMMARY This paper focuses on mobile robots that can accompany a person, that is, it addresses how to control the position of the robot relative to the accompanied person according to the dynamic environment. The robot is expected to move side by side with the person in a normal situation, but a position in front or behind the person might be better if there are obstacles. The shape of the artificial potential field of the accompanied person is devised to smoothly control the robot position in a unified way. The Laplace potential method is also used subsidiarily to cope with extremely cluttered environments. Simulations and experiments in real space show the usefulness of the proposed method.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CRNA-physician collaboration in anesthesia.

The benefits of collaboration in healthcare have been linked positively with higher patient satisfaction, improved patient outcomes, enhanced nursing staff satisfaction, and decreased hospital costs. A sample of nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists affiliated with postgraduate training programs in the state of Texas responded to a survey designed to gather attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration using an adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration. Two-hundred seventy surveys were completed by 62 anesthesiologists and 208 nurse anesthetists. The mean for the total scores on attitudes toward collaboration for anesthesiologists was 44.4 (+/- SD 8.7) and 51.8 (+/- SD 2.7) for nurse anesthetists. Mean scores were consistently higher in the 4 subscales (showed stronger agreement) for nurse anesthetists than for anesthesiologists. No significant differences in attitudes were found between men and women for the total sample. However, the health discipline showed a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists who deal with role conflict or unclear expectations as well as limited scope of practice may have increased job stress and dissatisfaction.

Topic: Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adolescents with conduct disorder: does anxiety make a difference?

Anxiety disorders (ADs) have traditionally been thought to protect against criminality. The present study examined 165 adolescents in treatment for substance misuse and 234 parents. The aims were to determine the prevalence of conduct disorder (CD) co-morbid with ADs and to identify characteristics that distinguished those with CD+AD, as compared to those with only AD or CD. Adolescents and parents completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires. Official criminal records were obtained; 53.9% of the adolescents presented CD and 45% of them presented co-morbid AD. Adolescents with CD+AD, as compared to those with only AD, were more likely to have a record of delinquency, to have been maltreated by parents, and they obtained higher scores on the Psychopathy Check List: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Adolescents with CD+AD were similar to those with CD alone as to aggressive behavior, delinquency, substance misuse and PCL:YV scores. Adolescents with CD+AD engaged in violence and antisocial behavior similar to those with CD alone.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Rali affair: A case study for a free press: INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM 2

In early 1996, a PNG news media cover-up was alleged over the so-called Topul Rali affair. An exposé by the student newspaper Uni Tavur led to a clash with the University of PNG administration and the journalism programme was closed down three years later.

Topic: Island Studies and Pacific Affairs
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ischemic Stroke: Risk Stratification, Warfarin Teatment and Outcome Measure.

Stroke is a focal neurological syndrome of vascular basis, which may be due to ischemic thrombo-embolism or intra-cerebral haemorrhage. This condition has to be treated on emergency basis as it may cause an irreversible neurological damage. Warfarin has been a widely used oral anti-coagulant in treating ischemic stroke patients. This review highlights the benefits and challenges of warfarin treatment in stroke patients and discusses about the importance of risk stratification scores and bleeding scores in estimating the bleeding risk associated with warfarin treatment. This review also highlights the use of stroke outcome measures in identifying the patients with post-stroke disabilities to provide patient specific treatment.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Redescription and molecular phylogeny of <i>Megalobatrachonema nipponicum</i> Yamaguti, 1941 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Kathlaniidae)

Megalobatrachonema nipponicum Yamaguti, 1941 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Kathlaniidae), the type species of the genus Megalobatrachonema, had been only once reported from the Japanese giant salamander, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836) (Amphibia: Cryptobranchidae), in the last 80 years. Herein, we reported the present species from A. japonicus and hybrids ( A. japonicus × Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871)) following the original description. The examined specimens were morphologically identical to the original description. We showed the phylogenetic position of M. nipponicum among cosmocercoid species as well as among congeneric species, which suggested the polyphyly of the genus. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis did not support the subgenera in this genus. Thus, we considered the presence or absence of an esophageal bulb valve as a key morph to identify species, not subgenus, of Megalobatrachonema.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Symplectic Integration of Constrained Hamiltonian Systems by Composition Methods

Recent work reported in the literature suggests that for the long-term integration of Hamiltonian dynamical systems one should use methods that preserve the symplectic structure of the flow. In this paper the symplecticity of numerical integrators is investigated for constrained Hamiltonian systems with holonomic constraints. The following two results will be derived. (i) It is shown that any first- or second-order symplectic integrator for unconstrained problems can be generalized to constrained systems such that the resulting scheme is symplectic and preserves the constraints. Based on this, higher-order methods can be derived by the same composition methods used for unconstrained problems. (ii) Leimkuhler and Reich [Math. Comp, 63 (1994), pp. 589–605] derived symplectic integrators based on Dirac’s reformulation of the constrained problem as an unconstrained Hamiltonian system. However, although the unconstrained reformulation can be handled by direct application of any symplectic implicit Runge–Kutta method, the resulting schemes do not preserve the constraints. In this paper it is shown that these schemes can be modified such that they also preserve the constraints.

Topic: Numerical methods for differential equations
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microbial fertilizer and organic manure combined fertilization changes the rhizosphere bacterial community and carotenoids of Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Orah’

<title>Abstract</title> Background <italic>Citrus reticulata</italic> Blanco ‘Orah’ is one of the most widely grown citrus varieties in southern China. It has been proven that microbial fertilizer and organic manure combined fertilization could improve the yields and appearances of ‘Orah’ fruits. However, details regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of combined fertilization on the agronomic traits and rhizosphere bacterial community of plants still need to be elucidated. Results This study compared the rhizosphere bacterial community and carotenoids of ‘Orah’ with (WYT group) and without (WYCK group) combined fertilization. The WYT group was sprayed with 50 ml Strongreen and 250 g of Yumeiren five times while WYCK group did not sprayed. Combined fertilization increased fruit weight and the <italic>Citrus</italic> color index (CCI) significantly (P &lt; 0.05). By 16s rRNA sequencing, 7,126 operational taxonomic units (OTU) were obtained. A higher Shannon index was observed in the WYT group compared to that in the WYCK group. Comparison between the two groups showed that Pseudomonas was enriched in the WTY group, and Cyanobacteria was enriched in the WYCK group. At the family level, Phyllobacteriaceae was significantly abundant in the WTY group, whereas Thermosporothrix and Sphingobium were significantly abundant in the WYCK group. A total of 51 carotenoid components were tested using UPLC-MS/MS. In the pulp tissues, 37 carotenoid components were decreased in the WTY group compared to those in the WYCK group. In fruit skin, 24 significantly different components (7 downregulated and 17 upregulated) were identified in WTY compared to those in WYCK. Correlation analysis revealed that the network between OTUs and carotenoids contained seven carotenoid components and four OTUs. Four OTUs, strain TRA3-20 (a eubacterium), <italic>Roseiflexus</italic>, OPB35, and <italic>Fictibacillus</italic> contributed to carotenoid accumulation regulation in fruit skin. Conclusions By exploring the complex interactions between soil microbiota and fruit traits, our research has illuminated potential pathways through which these microbial communities influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information regarding soil bacterial communities related to carotenoid accumulation in ‘Orah’.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pressure ulcers in paediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

It has been shown that pressure ulcer formation in critically ill paediatric patients increases morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify factors associated with pressure ulcer formation in paediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). From December 2014 to 2015, we identified patients at our institution who developed a pressure ulcer to create two cohorts: ulcer and no ulcer. Variables of interest included: type of ECMO, ECMO indication, hours on ECMO, location of cannulas, volume of crystalloid and blood products received during the first 7 days or during the length of the ECMO run, albumin and lactate levels on the day of cannulation, and presence of vasopressor support or steroid therapy. Of 43 patients studied, 11 (25.5%) developed a pressure ulcer. Patients that developed ulcers were older ( P = 0.001) and weighed more ( P = 0.006). Femoral cannulation was more frequent in the ulcer group (36.4% vs 6.3%, P = 0.029), and duration of ECMO was longer ( P = 0.007). Age, weight, duration of ECMO, and femoral cannulation may contribute to the development of pressure ulcers in children who require ECMO support. Further analysis is imperative to identify specific techniques and protocols that will prevent pressure ulcers in this critically ill population.

Topic: Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Voltage sag and harmonic analysis in distribution network

In this paper, voltage sag and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the distribution network are studied. The proposed electrical network is modeled by electrical source, Line and source impedances. It is assumed that the electrical load of this network is a sample electronic load. This load is a rectifier bridge where its output terminal is connected to a capacitor bank and a linear resistance. The distribution network power quality is analyzed by changing the load impedance, the capacitor bank and number of load in the network. The Voltage sag and THD in the distribution network are studied using PSCAD and MATLAB software.

Topic: Power Quality and Harmonics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distributional assessment of emerging technologies: Summary

In the project reported here, our colleagues and we undertook a cross-national, cross-technology study of the distributional effects of emerging technologies. Our central research question was how policy interventions affect distributional outcomes for the same technology under different national conditions. Our goal was to identify options for policymakers to spread the benefits of emerging technologies broadly.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences