jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving PolSAR land cover classification with radiometric correction of the coherency matrix

The brightness of a SAR image is affected by topography due to varying projection between ground and image coordinates. For polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) imagery being used for purposes of land cover classification, this radiometric variability is shown to affect the outcome of a Wishart unsupervised classification in areas of moderate topography. The intent of this paper is to investigate the impact of applying a radiometric correction to the PolSAR coherency matrix for a region of boreal forest in interior Alaska. The gamma naught radiometric correction estimates the local illuminated area at each grid point in the radar geometry. Then, each element of the coherency matrix is divided by the local area to produce a polarimetric product that is radiometrically “flat.” This paper follows two paths, one with and one without radiometric correction, to investigate the impact upon classification accuracy. Using a Landsat-derived land cover reference, the radiometric correction is shown to bring about significant qualitative and quantitative improvements in the land cover map. Confusion matrix analysis confirms the accuracy for most classes and shows a 15% improvement in the classification of the deciduous forest class.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
2233. Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in United States in 2019: A Systematic Analysis

Abstract Background The burden of AMR in the United States (US) is significant. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 2.8 million people in the United States acquire antibiotic-resistant infections each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) methodology, data were obtained on deaths and DALYs attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 23 pathogens in the US in 2019. Results In the US, there were 60,813 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI]:32,520-102,231) associated with and 14,987 deaths (95% UI:7,712-25,156) attributable to bacterial AMR in blood stream infection highest in 2019. Staphylococcus aureus (61,011) and E Coli (41,656) accounted for the majority of deaths attributable to and associated with AMR in 2019, and resistance was high among multiple types of antibiotic class. There is a significant burden of AMR in Staphylococcus aureus, with up to 50% of the resistance attributed to macrolides, 38% attributable to fluoroquinolones. Deaths associated and attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance by pathogen in USA, in 2019 A) All age-counts B) Age-standardized Rate Deaths Associated with and attributable to bacterial Antimicrobial resistance by syndrome in USA, in 2019 A) All age counts B) Age-Standardized Rate DALYs attributable to and associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance in USA, in 2019 A) Age-standardized DALY by Infectious Syndrome B) Age-Standardized DALY by Pathogen Conclusion AMR is a serious burden in the United States, with millions of people acquiring antibiotic-resistant infections each year and tens of thousands dying as a result. Preventing the spread of AMR requires a multifaceted approach that includes improved infection control practices, more judicious use of antimicrobial drugs, increased surveillance and monitoring of resistance patterns, and the development of new antibiotics and other treatment options. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of explosion loading effects on concrete infrastructures using ABAQUS software

One of the most important facilities of a country is Fluid Reservoirs which should be secured against different damage of explosion. Reservoir structural failure after explosion not only could lead to economic losses, but also could cause water shortage and toxic leakage. In this paper a reservoir is modeled in ABAQUS software. The results for displacements and deformations, energy dissipation of various forms and principal stresses are illustrated.

Topic: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Classifying Islamic Exegesis: How Muslim and Western Scholars Categorize Tafsir Traditions

The study of madha&gt;hib al-tafsi&gt;r is essential for understanding the historical development of Qur’anic exegesis as a scholarly discipline. The evolution of exegetical methodologies has been shaped by various historical, social, political, and epistemological factors, leading to the emergence of diverse interpretive approaches. This study examines the evolution and intellectual classification of madha&gt;hib al-tafsi&gt;r, focusing on the internal and external determinants that have influenced the methodological and thematic diversity of Qur’anic interpretation among Muslim and Western scholars. Employing a historical-critical approach combined with content analysis, this research investigates primary and secondary exegetical sources from both classical and contemporary Muslim and Orientalist scholars. The findings reveal that the evolution of madha&gt;hib al-tafsi&gt;r has been shaped by socio-political dynamics, theological discourse, evolving exegetical methodologies, and Islam’s intellectual engagement with other civilizations. The classification frameworks proposed by Muslim and Orientalist scholars reflect distinct epistemological paradigms in approaching the Qur’anic text, particularly concerning methodological principles, hermeneutical strategies, and ideological orientations. This study provides a more nuanced understanding of the historical trajectory of Qur’anic exegesis and its significance within contemporary Islamic scholarship. The findings underscore the importance of adopting a critical approach in assessing the development of tafsi&gt;r and distinguishing the epistemological foundations of Muslim and Orientalist exegetical traditions.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-inductive vertical position measurements by Faraday-effect polarimetry on EAST tokamak

Vertical instability control in an elongated plasma is highly desirable for a tokamak reactor. A multi-channel 694 GHz far-infrared laser-based polarimeter-interferometer system has been used to provide a non-inductive vertical position measurement in the long-pulse EAST tokamak. A detailed comparison of vertical position measurements by polarimetry and external inductive flux loops has been used to validate Faraday-effect polarimetry as an accurate high-time response vertical position sensor.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Comparison of the kinetics of the response of salivary and plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone to the administration of HCG in men].

17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) time course response to hCG (5,000 IU) was studied simultaneously in the saliva and the plasma of 12 adult healthy men. In both fluids, 17-OHP was determined by radioimmunossay after chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 columns of diethyl ether extracts. The use of an iodinated tracer has greatly increased the sensitivity of the technique. Baseline levels in plasma and saliva were: 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 24 +/- 2 pg/ml respectively. After hCG, a biphasic pattern was observed in both fluids with a similar early response but the peak elicited at 33 h in plasma was not observed in saliva where the levels were lower than those recorded at 24 h. At 48 h saliva 17-OHP increased again to levels similar to those at 24 h. Thus the 17-OHP pattern in saliva was the mirror image of that found in plasma. Since saliva steroids are believed to reflect the plasma non-protein bound fraction, this difference was assumed to be due to the decrease of the unbound fraction of plasma 17-OHP in the late afternoon as a consequence of the increase of the CBG-bound fraction since at that time cortisol levels are low. Indeed the ratios of saliva to plasma 17-OHP levels were found to be significantly correlated with plasma cortisol levels: r = 0.44 (p less than 0.01; n = 140). Thus the absence of the secondary peak at 33 h may be due to cortisol circadian rhythm. However the similar response in saliva at 24 and at 48 h after hCG was enough important to make reliable the evaluation of the endocrine testicular function so that saliva may be collected instead of plasma in the hCG stimulation test protocol.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 921954: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Becoming director: an internal candidate's view

Purpose Within the literature on moving into library directorships, the track of the internal candidate is largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap through description and analysis of the experiences of a successful inside candidate for the position of law library director. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports a first‐person account of an internal candidate. Accompanying analysis places the narrative into the larger context of relevant literature of personnel and library management. Findings The internal candidate is suggested to differ from external applicants in several ways. Most significantly, possessing prior knowledge of the library, she can move quickly to address pressing problems, using that initial success to set the new administration on a productive course. Additional issues include the greater psychological toll of having to distance herself from former colleagues to fulfill administrative duties. Originality/value Comparatively little consideration of the internal candidate exists in the library literature. This paper fills an identified gap in the literature on personnel and library management, and suggests relevant directions for future works.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IMMUNOCOMPETENCE OF CANINE HEMATOPOIETIC CHIMERAS WITH LONG-TERM RENAL ALLOGRAFTS

Horton, P J.1; Hawthorne, W J.2; Patel, T2; Walters, S2; Stewart, G J.2; Allen, R D.M.; Chapman, J R.2 Author Information

Topic: Blood donation and transfusion practices
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Outer Space: Weapons, Diplomacy, and Security

In this era of globalization, the world is facing a host of challenging security problems --from the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to international terrorism to accelerating climate change to energy security --that cannot be resolved unilaterally, especially through the unilateral use of military force. One key issue that requires urgent global attention is literally out of this world: the military use of outer space. This collection of essays by leading Russian experts analyzes the current military use of outer space. <The book describes the space weapons programs of various countries. It details the history of negotiations to prevent, or at least control, the weaponization of space, including analyses of the political, military, technical, and legal problems facing negotiators trying to avoid a catastrophic new space race.

Topic: Space exploration and regulation
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protective Efficacy of the Epitope-Conjugated Antigen N-Tc52/TSkb20 in Mitigating Trypanosoma cruzi Infection through CD8+ T-Cells and IFNγ Responses

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health challenge affecting millions in Latin America and worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in vector control, no vaccine exists to prevent infection or mitigate disease pathogenesis. We developed a rationally designed chimeric protein vaccine, N-Tc52/TSkb20, incorporating immunodominant epitopes from two T. cruzi antigens, the amino-terminal portion of Tc52 and the TSkb20 epitope derived from trans-sialidase. The objectives of this study were to construct and characterize the antigen and evaluate its protective potential in an immunoprophylactic murine model of T. cruzi infection. The N-Tc52/TSkb20 protein was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and its identity was confirmed using mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Immunization with the chimeric protein significantly controlled parasitemia and reduced the heart, colon, and skeletal muscle parasite burdens compared to non-vaccinated mice. Protection was superior to vaccination with the individual parental antigen components. Mechanistically, the vaccine induced potent CD8+ T-cell and IFNγ responses against the incorporated epitopes and a protective IgG antibody profile. A relatively low IL-10 response favored early parasite control. These results validate the promising multi-epitope approach and support the continued development of this type of rational vaccine design strategy against Chagas disease.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cinema direto na Paraiba: a consolidacao de um estilo na representacao do real

In this research, we seek to comprehend how occurs the arrival and difusion of an approach mode of the real, the so called direct cinema, with its sound record stylistic synchronous to the image, on the documentary from Paraiba, from the late 70s. This style stood out for giving people voice so they could talk about themselves to the cinema, revealing, this way, a language sensitive to the social matters, to the political problems, to the gender and identity matters, beside the many cultural manifestations. We discussed the role of UFPB's Cinematographic Documentation Core (NUDOC) as a formation agent of new directors, from the exchange with Paris Varan Association (Ateliers Varan), promoting internships in direct cinema in João Pessoa and Paris, thus providing a technical, cultural and theorical baggage consistents to the new directors. On the scope of our research, we conceptualized, initially, the documentary against its stylistic ways and delimitations of a representation field. Right next, we discussed the direct cinema, its approaching strategies of the real and its precursors in Paraiba, the consolidation of a style (the expositive mode on the paraibano documentary), NUDOC's role on the difusion of the direct and finally the stylistic of the direct in Paraiba: from the 80s until nowadays. For this, we based our analysis on the main theories of the documentary study, on the productions study about the Super-8 mm and the direct cinema made in Paraiba, on the interviews and notes produced along the research, discussing the language, the technology, the stylistic resources used in its historical context. These productions contribute with the identity formation of the local cinema, influencing new generations of directors. Lastly, we will demonstrate our considerations about the stylistic procedures used in the direct e, this way, contribute with a new look about the study of the audio-visual narratives apllied to the making of the documentary in Paraiba.

Topic: Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impossibility of Zombies

Abstract Saul Kripke challenges materialists to explain why zombies should seem possible, if they are in fact impossible; and he points out that it is not plausible that this is because terms for conscious states such as “pain” refer by invoking some contingent property of their referents. In response, Papineau argues that the conceivability of zombies is no guide to any kind of possibility, and that those who suppose that it is are committed to the archaic view that direct reference involves some kind of transparent acquaintance.

Topic: Gothic Literature and Media Analysis
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DNases improve effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in the celiac ligation and puncture model of murine sepsis: Olink proteomic analysis

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) exhibit both advantageous and harmful effects in the body, with some bacteria evading the immune system when entangled in NETs. This study aims to assess the impact of a combined therapy involving DNase and antibiotics in a murine model of abdominal sepsis.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Public Health, Ethics, and Autonomous Vehicles

With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A case study of model for playability and effectiveness analysis of serious games

기능성게임은 단순히 재미를 즐기기 위한 수단이 아닌 교육, 의료, 홍보, 경영 등 다양한 분야에서 특별한 목적을 의도로 개발되어 활용된다. 이러한 기능성게임은 일반적인 게임이 가지는 게임성과 함께 특별한 목적에 부합하는 효과성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 하지만, 게임성과 효과성을 모두 나타내는 것은 어려운 일이다. 본 연구는 기능성게임의 게임성과 효과성을 살펴보고 우수한 기능성 게임의 모델을 찾는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 실험에서는 상용화되어 서비스 중인 몇몇 기능성게임과 일반게임의 게임성과 효과성을 살펴보았고, 의미 있는 결과를 확인하였다.

Topic: Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Time-reversal of reflected Brownian motions in the orthant

We determine the processes obtained from a large class of reflected Brownian motions (RBMs) in the nonnegative orthant by means of time reversal. The class of RBMs we deal with includes, but is not limited to, RBMs in the so-called Harrison-Reiman class [4] having diagonal covariance matrices. For such RBMs our main result resolves the long-standing open problem of determining the time reversal of RBMs beyond the skew-symmetric case treated by R.J. Williams in [16]. In general, the time-reversed process itself is no longer a RBM, but its distribution is absolutely continuous with respect to a certain auxiliary RBM. In the course of the proof we introduce a novel discrete approximation scheme for the class of RBMs described above, and use it to determine the semigroups dual to the semigroups of such RBMs.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Attending to Emotional Issues on a Special Care Baby Unit

This chapter discusses a consultation to a special care baby unit, beginning with the difficulties in engaging with the staff group. It describes an alternative and more flexible consultancy approach to containing staff stress than the more usual regular group meetings described in other chapters. The author started the consultation in a place of 'not-knowing', making use of observation to begin to understand some of the issues on the unit. This approach requires patience and working at the pace of the staff in reflecting on the systems and practices of the unit. Psychodynamic thinking and skills underpin the work, and it is possible to see the way it is applied, making use of concepts such as containment, and transference. The chapter highlights the need to address the emotional needs of both individual members of staff, and the unit as a whole. In this way, the emotional needs of the infants and parents can be thought about and addressed.

Topic: Infant Health and Development
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Human Being Lost in Consumerism: A Polish Perspective and Challenges in Religious Education

The contemporary educational context is very diversified, but in most European countries is based on postmodernity with all its conditions, with special emphasis on individualism, consumerism and cultural changes.The predominance of ‚the dictatorship of consumerism' leaves most Christian among them Poles in a position where, if they wish to retain their cultural independence, must understand the present challenges and stand against a powerful ideological tsunami.Taking into consideration a variety of challenges and threats arising from ‚liquid modernity', among them strong consumerism, it is important in accord with personalistic theory inspirations to support Christian religious education.This article explores the changes that have taken place in Poland in the last 30 years -the transition from a socialist to a capitalist society, with emphasis put on the challenges posed by consumerism.Then, evaluates consumerism and its consequences in the light of Pope John Paul II's teaching.In the last part presents the most important conclusions for Christian Religious Education in schools, especially the need for more issue-oriented education in order to help pupils to be critical thinkers discerning contemporary social, cultural and moral issues.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Visual hallucinations: history and context of current research

The phenomena currently called 'visual hallucinations' do not seem to be ontologically stable 'natural kinds' but will-o'-the-wisp phenomena, which in each historical period have been configured in a different way. To 'understand' these phenomena properly a set of tools is required, which may be more complex than any offered by the neurosciences. This chapter sketches the history and epistemology of: visual hallucinations and the social activity called 'research' and explores their historical interactions. Historical analysis shows that UV2 has become a hindrance to the understanding of visual hallucinations. The chapter views that: before empirical research starts in earnest much work on the clinical phenomenology and taxonomy of visual hallucinations needs to be done and a new taxonomic approach shows that 'visual hallucinations' names a rag bag of heterogeneous phenomena, each of which will require a different aetiological account. The unitary view of visual hallucinations (UV2) remains popular.

Topic: Hallucinations in medical conditions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences