jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A High-Cadence UV-Optical Telescope Suite On The Lunar South Pole

We propose a suite of telescopes be deployed as part of the Artemis III human-crewed expedition to the lunar south pole, able to collect wide-field simultaneous far-ultraviolet (UV), near-UV, and optical band images with a fast cadence (10 seconds) of a single part of the sky for several hours continuously. Wide-field, high-cadence monitoring in the optical regime has provided new scientific breakthroughs in the fields of exoplanets, stellar astrophysics, and astronomical transients. Similar observations cannot be made in the UV from within Earth's atmosphere, but are possible from the Moon's surface. The proposed observations will enable studies of atmospheric escape from close-in giant exoplanets, exoplanet magnetospheres, the physics of stellar flare formation, the impact of stellar flares on exoplanet habitability, the internal stellar structure of hot, compact stars, and the early-time evolution of supernovae and novae to better understand their progenitors and formation mechanisms.

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impacts of cacao agroforestry systems on climate change, soil conservation, and water resources: a review

Abstract Agroforestry is crucial for improving water quality deteriorated by anthropogenic activities due to the use of chemical substances, including nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in modern agricultural practices (MAPs). This state-of-the-art review aims to revise the influence of agroforestry systems (AFS) on climate change, soil conservation, and groundwater quality. The novelty of this review is that AFS can improve water quality, reduce nutrient loss, and support the biological, chemical, and physical properties of the soil. It is worth noting that the surficial geologic controls, slope gradient, soil types, and topographical conditions are factors that alter a watershed dominated by agroforestry areas. In addition, anthropic aspects, including agricultural practices, can also cause loss of water quality in basins dominated by an AFS area. This review is also novel in that it outlines how AFS can be used for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils to reduce aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), among others. Therefore, AFS can be used for water decontamination, climate change mitigation, climate adaptation, and soil conservation. Further research is required to investigate the contribution of AFS to soil integrity.

Topic: Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
Subfield: Horticulture
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Intravitreal administration of angiogenesis inhibitor in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration of the retina

Summary: Age related macular degeneration of the retina is a leading cause of severe loss of central vision among elderly people. The introduction into clinical practice of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor has become an important milestone in the treatment of this disease. The article demonstrates three cases of aflibercept (Eylea) application in elderly patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. The medication has demonstrates a high clinical efficacy. Further obser‑ vation is required to assess long-term results.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional Gene Ontology structure for improved biological reasoning

Abstract Motivation: The Gene Ontology (GO) is a widely used terminology for gene product characterization in, for example, interpretation of biology underlying microarray experiments. The current GO defines term relationships within each of the independent subontologies: molecular function, biological process and cellular component. However, it is evident that there also exist biological relationships between terms of different subontologies. Our aim was to connect the three subontologies to enable GO to cover more biological knowledge, enable a more consistent use of GO and provide new opportunities for biological reasoning. Results: We propose a new structure, the Second Gene Ontology Layer, capturing biological relations not directly reflected in the present ontology structure. Given molecular functions, these paths identify biological processes where the molecular functions are involved and cellular components where they are active. The current Second Layer contains 6271 validated paths, covering 54% of the molecular functions of GO and can be used to render existing gene annotation sets more complete and consistent. Applying Second Layer paths to a set of 4223 human genes, increased biological process annotations by 24% compared to publicly available annotations and reproduced 30% of them. Availability: The Second GO is publicly available through the GO Annotation Toolbox (GOAT.no): Contact: astrid.lagreid@ntnu.no

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms may be useful to decrease mortality related to rupture. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in southern Brazil and to define risk factors associated with high prevalence of this disorder. The screening was conducted using abdominal ultrasound. Three groups were studied: Group 1 - cardiology clinic patients; Group 2 - individuals with severe ischemic disease and previous coronary surgery, or important lesions on cardiac catheterism; Group 3 - individuals without cardiac disease selected from the general population. All individuals were male and older than 54 years of age. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of aneurysm was based on an anteroposterior abdominal aorta diameter of 3 cm, or on an abdominal aorta diameter 0.5 cm greater than that of the supra-renal aorta. RESULTS: A total of 2.281 people were screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms in all groups: Group 1 - 768 individuals, Group 2 - 501 individuals, and Group 3 - 1012 individuals. The prevalence of aneurysms was 4.3%, 6.8% and 1.7%, respectively. Age and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with increased prevalence of aneurysms, as was the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. DISCUSSION: We concluded that screening may be an important tool to prevent the mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms surgery. Additionally, the cost of screening can be decreased if only individuals presenting significant risk factors, such as coronary and peripheral artery disease, smokers and relatives of aneurysm patients, are examined.

Topic: Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Epistaxis caused by nasal septum angioleiomyoma

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma is an uncommon, benign tumour originating from vascular smooth muscle. Occurrence in the nasal cavity, especially the nasal septum, is rare with only 16 cases of nasal septal angioleiomyoma reported thus far. We present a new case of nasal septal angioleiomyoma. CASE PRESENTATION: 52-year-old female presented with a three-week history of persistent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Physical examination revealed a right sided nasal mass originating from the septum. The tumour was endoscopically excised and sent for pathological evaluation which revealed the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. The patient was followed for six months postoperati- vely and showed no evidence of lesion recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Because nasal cavity angioleiomyoma recurrence has been reported due to incomplete tumour resection, wide marginal excision is necessary for successful treatment. There have been no cases of malignant transformation of nasal angiolei- omyomas; however, malignant transformation at other sites has been reported. For these reasons, it is important to adequately biopsy and remove angioleiomyoma lesions.

Topic: Soft tissue tumors and treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Network reconstruction reveals new links between aging and calorie restriction in yeast

Aging affects all known organisms and has been studied extensively. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood, possibly due to the multiscale complexity involved in this process: the aging of multicellular organisms depends on the aging of their cells, which depends on molecular events occurring in each cell. However, the aging of unicellular populations seeded in new niches and the aging of metazoans are surprisingly similar, indicating that the multiscale aspects of aging may have been conserved since the beginnings of cellular life on Earth. This underlines the importance of aging research in unicellular organisms such as a recent study by Lorenz et al., [(2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 1145-1150]. In their paper, the authors combine computational network identification with extensive experimentation and literature mining to discover and validate numerous regulatory interactions among ten genes involved in the cellular response to glucose starvation. Since low levels of glucose (calorie restriction) have been known to extend the longevity of various eukaryotes, the authors test the effect of Snf1 kinase overexpression on chronological aging and discover that this key regulator of glucose repression and two of its newly discovered synergistic repressors significantly affect the chronological lifespan of baker's yeast.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen in Sera and Urine of Rats with Experimental Recurrent Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

A new rat model of recurrent pulmonary aspergillosis using cyclophosphamide (CPM) for re-institution of immunosuppression was established. The recurrence induced by CPM was rapid and pulmonary lesions were uniform in all animals. It is therefore considered to be a good model for evaluation of the mechanisms of recurrence and methods of early diagnosis by antigen detection in sera and urine. Galactomannan antigen of aspergilli in sera was examined by PASTOREX Aspergillus, and a very low positive rate was observed instead of the of severe pulmonary infection confirmed by histopathological study. However, antigen in urine detected by immunoblotting showed a relatively high positive rate from the early stage of the recurrence. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the recognition of antigenuria is useful for early diagnosis of Aspergillus infection.

Topic: Herbal Medicine Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enzyme inactivation by a cellular neutral protease: Enzyme specificity, effects of ligands on inactivation, and implications for the regulation of enzyme degradation

Abstract A protease from Tetrahymena pyriformis inactivated eight of nine commercially available enzymes tested, including lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (TPN‐specific), glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase, D‐amino acid oxidase, fumarase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and citrate synthase. Urate oxidase was not inactivated. Inactivation occurred at neutral pH, was prevented by inhibitors of the protease, and followed first order kinetics. In those cases tested, inactivation was enhanced by mercaptoethanol. Most of the enzyme‐inactivating activity was due to a protease of molecular weight 25,000 that eluted from DEAE‐Sephadex at 0.3 M KCl. A second protease of this molecular weight, which was not retained by the gel, inactivated only isocitrate dehydrogenase and D‐amino acid oxidase. These two proteases could also be distinguished by temperature and inhibitor sensitivity. Two other protease peaks obtained by DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography had little or no enzyme inactivating activity, while another attacked only D‐amino acid oxidase. At least six of the enzymes could be protected from proteolytic inactivation by various ligands. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was protected by isocitrate, TPN, or TPNH, glucose‐6‐dehydrogenase by glucose‐6‐P or TPN, pyruvate kinase by phosphoenolypyruvate or ADP, hexokinase by glucose, and fumarase by a mixture of fumarate and malate. Lactate dehydrogenase was not protected by either of its substrates or coenzymes. Citrate synthase was probably protected by oxalacetate. Our data suggest that the protease or proteases discussed here may participate in the inactivation or degradation of at least some enzymes in Tetrahymena . Since the inactivation occurs at neutral pH, this process could be regulated by variations in the cellular levels of substrates, coenzymes, or allosteric regulators resulting from changes in growth conditions or growth state. Such a mechanism would permit the selective retention of enzymes of metabolically active pathways.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some Consideration on an Increase in Reproductivity in Dairy Cattle and Self-Sufficiency of Feed in the Nayoro District of Hokkaido

The present consideration was made from the results of surveys conducted in the Nayoro district of Hokkaido during a period of four years beginning with 1959.1. The number of farms raising dairy cattle has been decreasing since 1960. The dairy cattle population has been increasing in the crop field zone of this district, while it has been decreasing in the paddy field zone. Accordingly, there has been little change in the number of dairy cattle kept in this district as a whole.2. The frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders has been decreasing very conspicuously in the crop field zone and a little less remarkably in the paddy field zone year after year.3. The acreage per capita of fields growing feed crops for self-sufficiency has been decreasing in both types of zones year by year. The yield of crops per acre, however, has been increasing as a whole.4. The higher the rates of self-sufficiency of FU and DTP were in a dairy farm, the lower the frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders became among the dairy cows kept there. In 1962, the rates of self-sufficiency of FU and DTP and the frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders were 64.4%, 51.0%, and 16.6%, respectively, in the paddy field zone and 76.6%, 63.0%, and 13.1%, respectively, in the crop field zone.In conclusion, an increase in reproductivity can be expected from a maintenance of required quantities and, at the same time, an improvement of the quality of self-sufficient feed. It seems particularly important for this purpose to raise the rate of selfsufficiency of DTP.

Topic: Financial Crisis of the 21st Century
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Pengaruh Capital Intensity dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the results of capital intensity and inventory intensity on tax avoidance in chemical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample in this study used a purposive method with a total sample of 33 samples from 11 chemical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017-2019 with company codes as follows AGII, BRPT, BUDI, DPNS, EKAD, INCI, MDKI, MOLI, SRSN, TPIA, UNIC. In this study, capital intensity and inventory intensity as independent variables, and tax avoidance as the dependent variable. And the results of this study indicate that capital intensity has a positive effect on tax avoidance, inventory intensity also has a positive effect on tax avoidance and simultaneously capital intensity and inventory intensity both have a significant effect on tax avoidance.

Topic: Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Upgrading across Organisational and Geographical Configurations

__Abstract__

This thesis deals with upgrading: a process of learning and knowledge sourcing in order to generate value added. We analyse how upgrading takes place across various organisational configurations: formal collaboration, clusters, projects, and events. Moreover, we investigate the process of upgrading within, as well as between, different spatial scales, and analyse the role of different actors, upgrading mechanisms, and the symbolic and synthetic knowledge bases. We study the upgrading process in a number of empirical case studies of the Chinese automotive industry.

We find that in addition to upgrading in formal collaboration – through joint-ventures in particular – upgrading also takes place in other organisational configurations. We unveil that clusters and events are of particular importance for upgrading via ‘monitoring’ and ‘buzz’. Hereby, we stress the critical role of event organisers as ‘temporary cluster managers’, acting as a bridge between the global and Chinese automotive industry. We also show the importance of the project configuration which crosses over other organisational configurations, and upgrading in projects takes place via nearly all upgrading mechanisms. In addition, we provide new empirical evidence for the importance of physical co-presence of different specialists in the automotive industry on the (temporary) local scale to enable non-verbal communication, while on the other hand, we demonstrate that upgrading of the synthetic and symbolic knowledge bases has a global dimension as well.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Novel Emerging Sensing, Actuation, and Control Techniques for Haptic Interaction and Teleoperation

Haptics is a field of study that deals with perceiving, transmitting, and reproducing human haptic sense. Auditory and visual sensations are unilateral, whereas haptic sensation is bilateral via the principle of action and reaction. Haptic technologies have been applied, with ever increasing potential, in manufacturing, medicine, entertainment, and defense.

Topic: Teleoperation and Haptic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE PROJECT “LEAN HOSPITAL” IN TOMSK REGION

The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of satisfaction of the population in the provision of medical services and to observe the changes taking place in this area in connection with the start of the national project “Lean Polyclinic”. The studies were conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey of patients of two medical institutions, namely: the Regional Public Health Institutions “Children’s City Hospital No. 2” and “B. I. Alperovich City Clinical Hospital No. 3”. The material of the study was the responses on paper of the interviewed patients. The average indicators of patient satisfaction with the received medical services were determined by means of statistical calculations. The survey was conducted at the start of the project in May‑July of 2017 and again in October‑December of 2017. Results . The initial survey revealed the presence of such problems as insufficient number of automated workplaces; heavy workload of the doctor when working in the Medical Information System of the Tomsk Region; imperfection of the card filing cabinet; insufficient number of racks for storing outpatient cards, front-office and back-office were located in the same room and did not have a partition, which created noise and interfered with the work of call-center operators; the need to contact the registry to get the outpatient card when the visit was previously assigned; difficult orientation of patients in the clinic; long-term preventive examination of children aged 1 year; mixed flows of healthy and sick patients; and lack of personnel. The repeated survey reflected the changes that occurred in connection with the start of the “Lean Polyclinic” project: the number of detected violations tended to decrease, which indicated the improvement in the quality of services and the improvement in the organization of medical personnel work. Conclusion . Thus, the present study established that the use of lean production technologies contributed to the quality of medical services and it had a beneficial effect on the processes of organizing the work of medical institutions.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of Report Turnaround Times in a University Department of Radiology during Implementation of a Reformed Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education

Purpose The implementation of a reformed curriculum for undergraduate medical education with a problem-oriented focus and more bedside teaching in small groups increases the academic teaching workload. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this increase in teaching duties is associated with an increase in report turnaround times of radiologists or increased unplanned absence during term times compared with term breaks (lecture-free periods) and over the whole period under investigation. Materials and Methods The database of all radiological examinations performed at a large German university hospital was retrospectively analyzed for a two-year period from the winter term 2011/12 to the summer term 2013. A total of 192 984 radiological examinations performed during this period were included in an analysis of reporting times (i. e., time from end of examination to completion of report) during term times versus term breaks. Reporting times were analyzed for all radiological examinations and for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In addition, radiologists’ schedules were analyzed in terms of teaching duties, unplanned absence, vacation days, and days away from work for education and training. Results During the period under investigation, the teaching load increased from overall 1.75 hours/day in the winter term 2011/12 to 6.49 hours/day in the summer term 2013 and in the term break from overall 0.10 hours/day in the winter term 2011/12 to 0.71 hours/day in the summer term 2013. Reporting time increased during this period (p &lt; 0.05) but remained shorter during term times than during term breaks. The difference between term and term break for ICU patients was not significant. There was no increase in unplanned absences during term times. Conclusion Overall, radiologists’ reporting times increased during the period when the reformed curriculum for undergraduate medical education was implemented. As this was observed both during term and during term breaks, increased teaching duties alone cannot serve as a sole causal explanation. Key Points: Citation Format

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences