jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison between objective measures of smoking and self-reported smoking status in patients with asthma or COPD: are our patients telling us the truth?

OBJECTIVE: Smoking prevalence is frequently estimated on the basis of self-reported smoking status. That can lead to an underestimation of smoking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between self-reported smoking status and that determined through the use of objective measures of smoking at a pulmonary outpatient clinic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 144 individuals: 51 asthma patients, 53 COPD patients, 20 current smokers, and 20 never-smokers. Smoking status was determined on the basis of self-reports obtained in interviews, as well as through tests of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and urinary cotinine. RESULTS: All of the asthma patients and COPD patients declared they were not current smokers. In the COPD and asthma patients, the median urinary cotinine concentration was 167 ng/mL (range, 2-5,348 ng/mL) and 47 ng/mL (range, 5-2,735 ng/mL), respectively (p &lt; 0.0001), whereas the median eCO level was 8 ppm (range, 0-31 ppm) and 5 ppm (range, 2-45 ppm), respectively (p &lt; 0.05). In 40 (38%) of the patients with asthma or COPD (n = 104), there was disagreement between the self-reported smoking status and that determined on the basis of the urinary cotinine concentration, a concentration &gt; 200 ng/mL being considered indicative of current smoking. In 48 (46%) of those 104 patients, the self-reported non-smoking status was refuted by an eCO level &gt; 6 ppm, which is also considered indicative of current smoking. In 30 (29%) of the patients with asthma or COPD, the urinary cotinine concentration and the eCO level both belied the patient claims of not being current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high proportions of smoking pulmonary patients with lung disease falsely declare themselves to be nonsmokers. The accurate classification of smoking status is pivotal to the treatment of lung diseases. Objective measures of smoking could be helpful in improving clinical management and counseling.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Validation of the Robust Recursive Maximum Likelihood Algorithm for use in Electromechanical Mode Estimation

Oscillations in the power system known as electromechanical modes are a major concern for stability. If a mode is allowed to become unstable, it can cause widespread blackouts of the power system. For this reason, it is desirable to constantly monitor the stability of the modes by applying signal analysis algorithms to ambient data collected from the power system. The Recursive Maximum Likelihood (RML) algorithm has been shown to be capable of accomplishing this task. To make the RML algorithm better suited for practical applications where missing or corrupt data are a reality, a robustness component was added to the algorithm. This new algorithm, known as Robust RML (RRML), was then tested and compared to the basic RML algorithm and the existing Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and Robust RLS (RRLS) algorithms. Results indicate that the RRML algorithm is able to handle missing and corrupt data better than the RML algorithm, achieves accuracy similar to the RRLS algorithm, and provides real-time statistical information that the RRLS algorithm cannot. From these results, it is clear that the RRML algorithm is a useful tool in monitoring the power system's stability in real time.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
STUDY ON VORTEX CURRENT IN STRAIT WITH REMOTE-SENSING

With rapid increases of industrial activity in present time, water pollution in the coastal environment has "become an urgent problem to cope with. This problem is especially serious in enclosed bays or inland seas. Hydrodynamic character of the strait connecting the inland sea to the open ocean must be understood well in order to analyse the diffusion of pollutants in the Inland sea, because its character determine boundary conditions in the mathematical models of the water pollution problem. So far however, it is seemed that the main efforts exerted by coastal engineers have concentrated mainly on the development of mathematical models, lacking satisfactory knowledge of the boundary conditions through field measurements. One reason of this state is resulted from the fact that the relating phenomena in the field are of too large scale, in general, to perform the field measurements. Connecting with this point, the authors present in this paper, that remote-sensing technology is very useful to get information of the hydrodynaniical phenomena occurring in the water body around the strait. To show the above, the authors selected as an object of the study , Naruto Strait in the Seto Inland Sea, which is world famous for the existence of rapid tidal currents and dynamic vortices. Remote-sensing data both from the airplanes and from a space satellite Landsat are analysed with the aid of theoretical considerations and hydraulic mo-del tests to disclose the behavior of the vortices of various scales and the roles of them in the sea water mixing phenomena at the strait.

Topic: Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Existence of Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera (Sporozoa, Theileriidae) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

La confirmation de l'existence de Theileria mutons chez les bovins a la Guadeloupe, deja soupconnee auparavant, a ete apportee par la serologie comparative, utilisant le test d'immunofluorescence indirect. T. velifera a pu etre identifiee en meme temps, aussi bien par la serologie que par la morphologie typique de ses elements erythrocytaires. C'est la premiere fois que cette derniere espece a ete trouvee dans l'hemisphere occidental, et c'est aussi la premiere demonstration non equivoque dans cette partie du monde de T. mutans, confondue longtemps avec T. orientalis. Les deux especes, d'origine africaine, ont du etre introduites dans les Antilles au siecle dernier avec du betail senegalais et l'un de leurs vecteurs africains, Amblyomma variegatum. (Resume d'auteur)

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reducing Out-of-band Radiations for Cognitive Automatic Identification System Based on Multi-population Genetic Algorithm

As a maritime monitoring system aiming to minimize traffic accidents and improve traffic efficiency, cognitive automatic identification system (CAIS) employing some promising technologies, such as spectrum sensing and OFDM, has been developing by us in recent five years. However, OFDM suffers from high sidelobes, which results in adjacent channel interference. Reducing out-of-band radiations (OOBR) is thus critical to the CAIS, and other wireless communication systems with the high sidelobes of the subcarriers. To overcome the above issue, this paper investigates a new method utlizing the one among the database on the OOBR of the featured original signal and the optimal weighting factors which are optimized by multi-population genetic algorithm. These special data suppress the sidelobes of the transmit signal, but not affect signal in band given. With this approach, a significant reduction of the OOBR is achieved without waste spectrum but at the cost of an optimum searching procedure.

Topic: Satellite Communication Systems
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improving the performance of the reinforcement learning model for answering complex questions

This paper addresses the task of answering complex questions using a multi-document summarization approach within a reinforcement learning setting. Given a set of complex questions, a list of relevant documents per question, and the corresponding human-generated summaries (i.e. answers to the questions) as training data, the reinforcement learning module iteratively learns a number of feature weights in order to facilitate the automatic generation of summaries i.e. answers to unseen complex questions. Previous works on this task have utilized a fully automatic reinforcement learning framework that selects the document sentences as the potential candidate (i.e. machine-generated) summary sentences by exploiting a relatedness measure with the available human-written summaries. In this paper, we propose an extension to this model that incorporates user interaction into the reinforcement learner to guide the candidate summary sentence selection process. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the user interaction component in the reinforcement learning framework.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANALISA APLIKASI PEMBENAH TANAH ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)

As a crucial aspect of domestic food security, soybean production in Indonesia depends on imported resources. The productivity of soybeans exhibits variability attributed to diverse factors, including climate change (particularly water availability), seed quality, soil fertility, and pest infestations. Soil conditions characterized by adequate water retention and nutrient availability are conducive to optimal soybean yield. Conversely, suboptimal soil conditions impede nutrient and water absorption, thereby limiting production potential. This research aimed to evaluate the vegetative and generative growth response of soybeans to soil amendments, specifically compost, zeolite, and dolomite. This research was conducted between August and November 2023 at the Seed Teaching Farm, Politeknik Negeri Lampung. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design, with single-factor treatments applied to experimental units. Each treatment was replicated four times, and each replication consisted of three plant samples. The treatments that were used were control (P0), zeolite application at 5 t/ha (P1), dolomite application at 10 t/ha (P2), and compost application at 15 t/ha (P3). Analysis of variance was conducted, then followed by an HSD test at a significance level of 5% and correlation analysis. The results of this research indicate significant responses of soybean growth and yield to the applied soil amendments and among these, compost soil amendment emerges as the most suitable for enhancing soybean production.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ophiopogon sclerophyllus, a new species of Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae) from Guangxi, China

Ophiopogon sclerophyllus is described and illustrated as a new species from northwestern Guangxi, China. The new species can be distinguished from other Ophiopogon species by its roots with fusiform or oblong tubercles near middle or tip, thickly leathery leaf blade, widely opening flowers with recurved perianth segments. The relationships among O. sclerophyllus, O. pseudotonkinensis and O. petraeus are shortly discussed.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An investigation of fluid transport in porous solids using nuclear magnetic resonance

A commercially available NMR spectrometer has been used to investigate fluid transport within porous solids. Two water-wet porous solids were investigated. The first was a sample of Fontainebleau sandstone, and the second was an idealised porous solid made from a random packing of glass beads. The samples were saturated with two immiscible phases, i.e. an oil and water phase. Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR measurements of one- and two-dimensional displacement probability distributions are reported, for steady-state flow and diffusion, within two phase saturated porous solids. Measurements were made with the porous solids prepare in different steady-state saturations. NMR relaxation measurements are also reported. Using the NMR data it was possible to evaluate the physical importance of parameters such as wettability and phase saturation on transport phenomena in two phase saturated porous solids. Various computer simulations were developed to model the experimental data.

Topic: NMR spectroscopy and applications
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research notes towards a definition of Huallywood

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Lim Song-hwee for his invite and perceptive advice on this research note.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. The translation huaren meaning ethnic Chinese is based on Chee Beng Tan's seminar ethnological account on Chinese overseas. See Tan (Citation2003, 2).2. For the purpose of this article, Shao's work was translated from Mandarin into English ad hoc by Zitong Qiu and Yongchun Fu.3. Most of the criticism directed towards the concept of Huallywood has been undertaken in the form of discussion following the presentation of the work carried under its umbrella or in the form of public comments in social media such as Weibo. Throughout these exchanges, the critique of self-orientalization has been rather consistent but not yet theoretically formalized through the means provided in academia. For an example of such critique, see the Weibo personal page of Zhou Tiedong: http://weibo.com/p/1003063320127782?is_hot=1, accessed on 17 February 2015.

Topic: Hong Kong and Taiwan Politics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Three-Way Electrochemical Sensing of Ultra-Low MicroRNA Levels

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers that are frequently deregulated in cancer cells and have shown a great promise for cancer classification and prognosis. In this work, we developed a three-way electrochemical sensor for detection and quantitation of ultra-low amounts of miRNAs in a wide dynamic range of measured concentrations. The sensor facilitates three detection modes based on hybridization (H-SENS), p19 protein binding (P-SENS) and protein displacement (D-SENS). The combined HPD sensor (HPD-SENS) identifies as low as 5 aM or 90 molecules of miRNA per 30\muL of sample without PCR amplification, and can be operated within the dynamic range from 10 aM to 1 \muM. The HPD senor is made on a commercially-available gold nanoparticles-modified electrode and suitable for analysing multiple miRNAs on a single electrode. This three-way sensor exhibits high selectivity and specificity and was successfully used for sequential analysis of miR-32 and miR-122 on one electrode. Furthermore, the P-SENS was employed for profiling of three endogenous microRNAs (miR-21, miR-32 and miR-122) in human blood serum.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 139343: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jiménez, Modernism/o, and the Languages of Comparative Modernist Studies

Uses Rubén Darío’s manipulation of the term modernismo and Jiménez’s relationship to the modernista movement, as elaborated in over four decades of critical writings, to rethink the paradigms of global modernist studies. This chapter demonstrates how Jiménez’s controversial conversion of a “dying” Spain into a vital node in a “universal” modernist network can redress some critical imbalances in the Anglophone-dominated field of modernist studies. It furthermore shows, through a brief philological examination in Hispanophone media, how the presumed death of Spain was central to the renovation of the term “modernismo” itself in Rubén Darío’s work, which Jiménez saw himself as inheriting. Placing translation and literary exchange at the center of his practices and theories, Jiménez reinscribes Spain into a global history of what I call “modernism/o”—a way of denoting his use of the Spanish word modernismo to signal an “epoch” whose history is in danger of being narrowed by the Anglophone conceptions of “modernism”—by permanently suspending both the word and the concept between English and Spanish, effectively capturing the mobile poetics that his work employs.

Topic: Hispanic-African Historical Relations
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Winds over the World Sea: Maury and Köppen

In response to the needs of the ocean traders and military shipping during the nineteenth century, Matthew Maury (1806–73) and Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) worked in tandem to create wind charts for the World Ocean. In the early part of the century, Maury organized and supervised the production of the Wind and Current Charts for all navigable seas. In the latter part of the century, Köppen simplified these charts by use of a synoptically innovative stratification of the data, and these analyses became centerpieces of the Segelhandbiicher (Sail Handbooks) produced by the German Marine Observatory (Seewarte). The charts produced by each of these men are examined in an effort to clarify their separate but unique contributions. Maury and Köppen were complementary in their approach to marine meteorology: Maury possessed organizational skills and an empirical approach to science, while Köppen was more academic and interested in the basic sciences. Köppen's exceptional background in both physics and biology was instrumental to his success in simplifying Maury's charts. These appealing synoptic charts served Bergeron in his quest for a global understanding of air masses and ultimately gave Köppen a viewpoint on climatology that embraced the entire world.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Serum YKL-40 levels as a novel marker of inflammation in patients with endometriosis

This is the first study evaluating serum YKL-40 levels in endometriosis. The present results indicate that YKL-40 levels were increased in patients with endometriosis compared to controls. The authors propose that circulating YKL-40 levels could be a novel biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up of endometriosis.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental to maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes chemical stress due to high concentrations of ions. Hence, it is often assumed that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant with extraordinary tolerance to severe drought and moderate salinity. The aim of the presented study was to compare acclimatization strategies of grass pea seedlings to osmotic (PEG) and chemical (NaCl) stress on a physiological level. Concentrations of NaCl and PEG were adjusted to create an osmotic potential of a medium at the level of 0.0, −0.45 and −0.65 MPa. The seedlings on the media with PEG were much smaller than those growing in the presence of NaCl, but had a significantly higher content percentage of dry weight. Moreover, the stressors triggered different accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity. Our results showed that drought stress induced a resistance mechanism consisting of growth rate limitation in favor of osmotic adjustment, while salinity stress induced primarily the mechanisms of efficient compartmentation of harmful ions in the roots and shoots. Furthermore, our results indicated that grass pea plants differed in their response to drought and salinity from the very beginning of stress occurrence.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Predicting Life of Automobile Gear by Dry Machining

High speed dry cutting gear reliability life test in the presence of the test cost, sample need more, experiment analysis work tedious and complex and difficult to obtain data from all the problems, this article discusses the use of grey system theory based on GM (1, 1) model fitting of automobile gear reliability life test data method, grey models can be based on the experiment less data predict the life of automobile gear test follow-up data. Instance calculation shows. The precision of the model with residual test, after test and correlation test requirements, calculation value and actual measuring value degree of good, can be satisfy the test requirements.

Topic: Grey System Theory Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Indoor Localization and Mapping: Towards Tracking Resilience Through a Multi-SLAM Approach

This paper presents a use case for SLAM techniques applied to real time localization and detailed mapping for emergency response personnel in non cooperative environments. Such environments tend to defeat conventional localization approaches, therefore we must ensure continuous operation of our localization and mapping regardless of the difficulties encountered (lack of GPS signals, lighting conditions, smoke, etc.). The proposed system fuses two SLAM algorithms, a LiDAR-based and a camera-based. Since LiDAR-based SLAM uses dense 3D measurements, it is well suited to the construction of a detailed map, while the visual SLAM allows to quickly recognize already visited places in order to apply loop closure corrections, by using a key frames graph. The currently proposed system allows collaboration between these two SLAMs through pose sharing and relocalization.

Topic: Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Verrucous Carcinoma of the Penis: Retrospective Analysis of 32 Cases

Between 1972 and 1987, 34 patients with verrucous carcinoma of the penis were referred to our national cancer institute. We analyzed retrospectively the followup of 32 patients treated by surgery, exclusive radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No patient died or had recurrent verrucous penile carcinoma. Lymph nodes removed from 15 patients without previous treatment did not reveal metastatic invasion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy allowed for more limited surgery in 3 of 6 patients treated.

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences