jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Controlling Protein Surface Orientation by Strategic Placement of Oligo-Histidine Tags

We report oriented immobilization of proteins using the standard hexahistidine (His<sub>6</sub>)-Ni<sup>2+</sup>:NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) methodology, which we systematically tuned to give control of surface coverage. Fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of red fluorescent proteins (TagRFP) showed that binding strength increased by 1 order of magnitude for each additional His<sub>6</sub>-tag on the TagRFP proteins. All TagRFP variants with His<sub>6</sub>-tags located on only one side of the barrel-shaped protein yielded a 1.5 times higher surface coverage compared to variants with His<sub>6</sub>-tags on opposite sides of the so-called β-barrel. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements supported by polarized infrared spectroscopy verified that the orientation (and thus coverage and functionality) of proteins on surfaces can be controlled by strategic placement of a His<sub>6</sub>-tag on the protein. Molecular dynamics simulations show how the differently tagged proteins reside at the surface in "end-on" and "side-on" orientations with each His<sub>6</sub>-tag contributing to binding. Also, not every dihistidine subunit in a given His<sub>6</sub>-tag forms a full coordination bond with the Ni<sup>2+</sup>:NTA SAMs, which varied with the position of the His<sub>6</sub>-tag on the protein. At equal valency but different tag positions on the protein, differences in binding were caused by probing for Ni<sup>2+</sup>:NTA moieties and by additional electrostatic interactions between different fractions of the β-barrel structure and charged NTA moieties. Potential of mean force calculations indicate there is no specific single-protein interaction mode that provides a clear preferential surface orientation, suggesting that the experimentally measured preference for the end-on orientation is a supra-protein, not a single-protein, effect.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FDI, Exports, and GDP in East and Southeast Asia — Panel Data versus Time-Series Causality Analyses

Foreign direct investment (FDI) discussed in Chapter 2 is only one of the growth factors in economic development. Other major factors are exports and gross domestic product (GDP). What are the causal relations among these three factors? Economists often take two of the three variables at once and find the effects of one variable on the other using time-series analysis, presumably because that simplifies the analysis. Thus, each country has different relations and no unified theory emerges. In this chapter, we consider all three factors simultaneously and compare the results from time-series analysis and panel data analysis. For the first time in the literature, we present the theoretical framework of the vector autoregression (VAR) form for the Granger causality tests. We then use time-series and panel data from 1986 to 2004 to examine the Granger causality relations between GDP, exports, and FDI among China, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand and the eight rapidly developing East and Southeast Asian economies. After reviewing the current literature and testing the properties of individual time-series data, we estimate the VAR of the three variables to find various Granger causal relations for each of the eight economies. We find that each country has different causality relations and, therefore, the analysis does not yield general rules. We then construct the panel data of the three variables for the eight economies as a group, and we use the fixed effects and random effects methods to estimate the panel data VAR equations for Granger causality tests. The panel data causality results reveal that FDI has unidirectional effects on GDP directly and indirectly through exports, and there also exists bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the group. Our results indicate that the panel data causality analysis has superior results over the time-series causality analysis. Economic and policy implications of our analyses are then explored in the conclusions.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: The Syntheses, Structures, and Electronic and Resonance‐Raman Spectroscopy of Halogen‐bridged Platinum(II,IV) Chain Complexes Involving Equatorially Coordinated Terdentate Amines: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of [Pt(II)(Me‐dien)I][Pt(IV)(Me‐dien)I<sub>3</sub>]I<sub>2</sub>, and Spectroscopy of [Pt(II)(dien)(NO<sub>2</sub>)][Pt(IV)(dien)(NO<sub>2</sub>)Br<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>.

Abstract The title compound (Ia) crystallizes in the space group P2l/ n with Z=4.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Oscillations in the elastic high energy amplitude

Abstract We discuss the oscillations in the elastic pp differential cross section seen in the TOTEM data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV on the top of the usual smooth behaviour.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
PEMANFAATAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN OH RATS (OVERVIEW, HEADINGS, READANSWER, TEST-STUDY) SEBAGAI STRATEGI DALAM MEMPRODUKSI TEKS EKSPLANASI

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the activities and results of junior high school students in producing explanation texts using the project-based OH RATS (OVERVIEW, HEADINGS, READ ANSWER, TEST-STUDY) learning model. The method in this study was a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design, namely in this design the experimental group and the control group were not chosen randomly. The population chosen was students of SMP class VIII A totaling 40 students. The sample used was class VIII group A as the experimental class and class VIII group B as the control class. Data collection techniques using test instruments and observation sheets. Based on the research results, it can be proven that project-based learning is effective. This can be seen from the results of the initial test with an average value of 61, an increase in the final test with an average value of 75. The results of the observation of student activities showed high criteria with an average of 75.0%. Therefore, it can be concluded that learning to produce complex explanation texts using the OH RATS learning model for junior high school students is effective and can increase students' learning activities.Key Words: Explanation Text, OH RATSAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan hasil peserta didik SMP dalam memproduksi teks eksplanasi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran OH RATS (OVERVIEW, HEADINGS, READ ANSWER, TEST-STUDY)berbasis proyek.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan nonequivalent control group design yaitu pada desain ini kelompok eksperimen maupun kelompok kontrol tidak dipilih secara random.Populasi yang dipilih yaitu peserta didik SMP kelas VIII Aberjumlah 40peserta didik.Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas VIII kelompok A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelasVIII kelompok B sebagai kelas kontrol.Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen tes dan lembar observasi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dibuktikan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil tes awal dengan nilai rata-rata 61, mengalami peningkatan pada tes akhir dengan nilai rata-rata 75.Hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik menunjukkan kriteria tinggi dengan rata-rata 75,0%.Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran memproduksi teks eksplanasi kompleks dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran OH RATS untuk peserta didik SMP efektif dan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar peserta didik.Kata Kunci: Teks Eksplanasi, OH RATS.

Topic: Educational Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relation of Stimulus-Size to Pattern Discrimination Training for the Hooded Rat

Two experiments were performed to determine the relation of pattern area, background area, and pattern-background ratio to discrimination learning in the hooded rat. In Exp. 1 (triangle-circle discrimination) and Exp. 2 (diamond-square discrimination) a 1-sq. in. pattern placed on a 4-sq. in. background resulted in faster learning and a higher level of performance than three other pattern-background combinations. It was concluded that (a) supraliminal variation in stimulus-size is related to efficiency of discrimination learning, and (b) a unique combination of an optimal pattern and background area may be more critical than pattern area, background area, or pattern-background ratio per se.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
(No) variation in the grammar of alternatives

Abstract The paper reports the results of an in-depth crosslinguistic study of intervention effects and the grammar of alternatives in a typologically diverse sample of five languages: Palestinian Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic), Russian (Indo-European, Slavic), Samoan (Austronesian, Oceanic), Turkish (Altaic, Turkic), and Yoruba (Niger-Congo, Defoid). In all of these languages, we find an interesting asymmetry in that focus evaluation interrupts question evaluation and causes an intervention effect, but not vice versa. We take our data to inform the crosslinguistic analysis of two alternative-evaluating operators, the squiggle operator and the question operator. To capture the observed absence of variation, we propose two semantic universals: The squiggle operator unselectively evaluates all alternatives in its scope. The question operator, on the other hand, is selective.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Serum Magnesium and Potassium in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Relationship to Existing β-Blockade and Infarct Size

Patients (n = 314) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were divided into three groups according to the time elapsed from onset of chest pain to when the first sample for determination of magnesium (s-Mg 1 ) and potassium (s-K 1 ) was drawn (A: hours 0-6; B: hours 6-10, and C: hours 10-24). Potassium and Mg were also measured in a second sample drawn three to twelve days (mean 6.3 days) later (s-Mg 2 , s-K 2 ). Whereas s-Mg 1 was lower than s-Mg 2 in all three groups, s-K 1 was reduced only in group A. Ten patients in group A receiving nonselective β-blockers had an attenuated drop in s-Mg 1 , whereas the drop in s-K 1 was completely inhibited. The differences between s-Mg 2 and s-Mg 1 (Δ s-Mg) in all groups, and between s-K 2 and s-K 1 (Δ s-K) in group A, increased with increasing mean peak creatine kinase (CKmax) levels to approximately 1300-1800 U/L. In conclusion, these observations suggest that the initial drop in s-Mg and s-K in the early phase of AMI is due to increased stimulation of β 2 -adrenergic receptors; these changes can be prevented partly or completely by the use of nonselective β-blockers.

Topic: Potassium and Related Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The first Betti numbers of certain locally trivial fibre spaces

It is well known that, for a compact, oriented, homogenous coset space G/H arising from a compact, semisimple Lie group G, one has b^G/H) ^ b^G) = 0.In this note, we announce the following generalization of that result : THEOREM 1.Let n:E -> Bbea locally trivial Riemannian fibre space, E and B compact, oriented Riemannian manifolds, with the fibres F -n~l(b) immersed in E as minimal submanifolds.Then b,{B) ^ b x {E)

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Soluble Polysaccharide from Soybean Seeds and its Components.

ダイズ多糖類の構造的特徴に関する報告は, 現在迄のところ多くない. そこで, 本報では, ダイズ種子より可溶性多糖類を抽出精製単離し, その多糖類の構造的特徴に関する研究を行った. 可溶性多糖類 A1-β はダイズ種子子葉より水抽出の後, Bio-Gel A150 m, DEAE-Sephacel カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した. A1-βは, 濾紙電気泳動と超遠心分析で均一であり, 平均分子量は約 2×106 であった. また, A1-β は, アラビノースとガラクトースを主構成糖とし(モル比 2:3), ラムノース, フコース, キシロース, マンノース, グルコース, マンヌロン酸, ガラクツロン酸, グルクロン酸から構成されている多糖であり, ダイズ多糖類としては新規であると考えられる.

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of neighbourhood size and connectivity on spatial Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma

The Prisoner's Dilemma, a 2-person game in which the players can either cooperate or defect, is a common paradigm for studying the evolution of cooperation, when individuals exhibit variable degrees of cooperation. It is known that in the presence of spatial structure, when individuals ``play against'' their neighbours, and ``compare to'' them, cooperative investments can evolve to considerable levels. Here we examine the effect of increasing the neighbourhood size: we find that the mean-field limit of no cooperation is reached for a critical neighbourhood size of about five neighbours. We also find the related result that in a network of players, the critical average degree (number of neighbours) of nodes for which defection is the final state depends only on the network topology. This critical average degree is considerably higher for clustered networks, than for distributed random networks. This result strengthens the argument that clustering is the mechanism which makes the development and maintenance of the cooperation possible.

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The investigation of adrenomdulline levels in dogs with lower respitory system diseases

In recent years, there have been many studies between humans and other animal groups on Adrenomedullin (AdM) peptide, which is stated to have sometimes positive effects on internal organs such as the heart, lung, and kidney, and sometimes has uncertain effects. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare AdM levels in canines with lower respiratory tract disease and healthy dogs. The study focuses on dogs with lower respiratory diseases. They were grouped and evaluated before and after treatment. The findings showed that there was no difference between healthy and diseased canines in AdM values. However, a slight increase in AdM values was observed in the post-treatment group. However, it was concluded that parameters such as age, breed, and living conditions may also be important in AdM levels, and that further studies should be done in AdM research by taking these parameters into consideration and grouping dogs with different lower respiratory tract diseases.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Aqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathway

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathwayCathleen J. Hapeman-Somich, Guiming. Zong, William R. Lusby, Mark T. Muldoon, and Rolland. WatersCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2294–2298Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00023a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Block Decision Feedback Equalization of PPM+PWM Modulated Signals

In the indoor infrared wireless communication system using PPM+PWM modulation,signal light would have serious intersymbol interference (ISI) through infrared wireless channel. Therefore,the equalizer in the receiver is needed. The performance of commonly used zero forcing algorithm is not idel,so a new MMSE block decision feedback equalizing algorithm for PPM+PWM signals is proposed. This algorithm is based on MMSE theory and simplifies the structure of the decision device of equalizer. It also uses Signal decimation method to improve the design of feedback coefficients,which means that the equalizer can efficiently feedback more than one symbol at the same time. Compared with traditional zero forcing algorithm,simulating result shows that this new algorithm can improve the performance by 3dB at BER. Therefore,the proposed block decision feedback equalizing algorithm can obviously reduce the ISI and is adapted to more complicated channels,which could promise a broad application prospect.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some notes about liability for harm done by the defect oftrafficabillity for vehicles and pedestrians on the road

The subject of proposed contribution is at present discussed
question of liability for harm done by the defect of
trafficabillity for vehicles and pedestrians on the road. There
is confirmed the liabaility of region as the owner of the way
for harm done by the defect of trafficabillity for vehicles on
the basis of the decision nr. I.US 2729/08 of Czech
Constituional Court. There cannot be found the liability of
allowance organization for harm done by the defect of
trafficabillity for vehicles in the Czech law. There is a
different situation as to the liability for harm done by the
defect of trafficabillity for pedestrians on the road in the
developed area of the city. The owner of the way is not
responsible for harm done by the defect of trafficabillity for
pedestrians on the road in the developed area of the city
because Czech law shifts the responsibility to the owner of the
village road (municipality). The situation is discussed on the
basis of real case from Moravian-Silesian region in the
proposed contribution.

Topic: Law, logistics, and international trade
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
HEMORRHAGIC PURPURA IN SCARLET FEVER

Hemorrhagic conditions in scarlet fever fortunately are rare. References to them in current textbooks are brief or absent and are often coupled with the statement that some of the cases reported may have been instances of hemorrhagic smallpox. In a survey of the literature of the past thirty years, about 62 cases of hemorrhagic purpura and fulminating purpura which occurred during or after scarlet fever have been found. Most of the references have been to case reports. In a study of the cases of 5,000 patients with scarlet fever admitted to the Durand Hospital during a period of twenty years, only 2 such cases were observed. The purpose of this paper is to report these 2 cases and to discuss in a brief manner some of the pertinent questions relating to the condition. Fulminating purpura as a complication of scarlet fever is a type of disease usually rapidly fatal and

Topic: Dermatological and COVID-19 studies
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Author_Response_1 – Supplemental material for Prognostic significance of forced vital capacity decline prior to and following antifibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Supplemental material, Author_Response_1 for Prognostic significance of forced vital capacity decline prior to and following antifibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by Yuya Aono, Yutaro Nakamura, Masato Kono, Hidenori Nakamura, Koshi Yokomura, Shiro Imokawa, Mikio Toyoshima, Hideki Yasui, Hironao Hozumi, Masato Karayama, Yuzo Suzuki, Kazuki Furuhashi, Noriyuki Enomoto, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Naoki Inui and Takafumi Suda in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage, and Property in Nineteenth-Century New York

Journal Article In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage, and Property in Nineteenth-Century New York. By Norma Basch. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982. 255 pp. Tables, appendix, notes, selected bibliography, and index. $19.50.) Get access Joan H. Hollinger Joan H. Hollinger University of Detroit School of Law Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 70, Issue 4, March 1984, Pages 883–884, https://doi.org/10.2307/1899774 Published: 01 March 1984

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A large squamous cell carcinoma over the zygoma- a rare presentation reconstructed with mustarde advancement rotation cheek flap

Background & Objectives: The use of Mustarde advancement rotational cheek  flap for moderate to advance facial defects is a simple and effective alternative among other local, regional, free flaps like rhomboid flap, bilobed flap, cervical flap and for repair of the large defect of the facial skin with microvascular free flap like rectus abdominis free flap are used for facial reconstruction. Instead of using more complex free flaps, this flap can be considered as an alternative.
Method: Mustarde advancement rotational cheek was harvested by carrying superior part of incision cephalad towards temple.
Result & Interpretation: Defect site showed satisfactory healing with reduced morbidity with satisfactory result.
Conclusion: Mustarde advancement rotational cheek flap proved to be useful alternative for surgeons for reconstruction of large facial defects with minimal morbidity. It can definitely replace the other complex flaps in most instances.
In this article, we report the use of Mustarde advancement rotational cheek flap to reconstruct the facial defect.

Keywords: Mustarde Advancement Rotation Cheek Flap Ectropion, Epiphora, Tarsal Plates

Topic: Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences