jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FTO Genotype And Body Mass Index In Young Children: Physical Activity Levels Influence The Effect Of The Risk Genotype

Modifiable lifestyle factors such as levels of physical activity have been shown to be associated with body mass index (BMI). Recent studies have also shown that a number of gene loci are associated with variation in BMI. The IDEFICS study with a cohort size of 16,223 young children is one of the largest single studies in the pre-adult life stages to undertake saliva/DNA collection in conjunction with extensive phenotypic assessment and is therefore well-suited for studying the interaction between genes, physical activity and adiposity. PURPOSE: To investigate environmental and genetic associations on BMI in European children. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements (including adiposity) and objectively measured physical activity using accelerometry were assessed in a subgroup of children (n=4678) aged 2-10 years from the IDEFICS study. DNA from saliva samples was generated for genotyping. Here we report associations between BMI, selected physical activity measures and the FTO gene (rs9939609) as assessed using GLM and regression models. RESULTS: Clear effects on BMI were observed with time spent in sedentary behaviors (P < 0.0001), physical activity levels as counts per minute (P < 0.0001) and time spent in vigorous physical activity (P < 0.0001). Gender differences were observed for all these activity measures. FTO (SNP rs9939609) was found to influence age- and gender-adjusted BMI (P=2.0 × 10-5), genotype explaining 0.5% of the BMI variance. However, the strength of this association was marginal after further adjustment for main effects of physical activity. No interaction was observed between physical activity and FTO and the reduced effect of FTO in the models incorporating activity measures was not explained by association between FTO and physical activity. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results confirm previous associations between the FTO gene and adiposity in a cohort of European children aged between 2 and 10 years, but highlight the need to adjust for levels of physical activity when estimating the genotype effects on obesity risk.

Topic: Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ablation of Myeloid ADK (Adenosine Kinase) Epigenetically Suppresses Atherosclerosis in ApoE <sup>−/−</sup> (Apolipoprotein E Deficient) Mice

Objective— Monocyte-derived foam cells are one of the key players in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Adenosine receptors and extracellular adenosine have been demonstrated to modulate foam cell formation. ADK (adenosine kinase) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but its functional role in myeloid cells remains poorly understood. To enhance intracellular adenosine levels in myeloid cells, ADK was selectively deleted in novel transgenic mice using Cre-LoxP technology, and foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions were determined. Approach and Results— ADK was upregulated in macrophages on ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) treatment in vitro and was highly expressed in foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerotic mice deficient in ADK in myeloid cells were generated by breeding floxed ADK (ADK F/F ) mice with LysM-Cre (myeloid-specific Cre recombinase expressing) mice and ApoE −/− (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice. Mice absent ADK in myeloid cells exhibited much smaller atherosclerotic plaques compared with controls. In vitro assays showed that ADK deletion or inhibition resulted in increased intracellular adenosine and reduced DNA methylation of the ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1) gene. Loss of methylation was associated with ABCG1 upregulation, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and eventually decreased foam cell formation. Conclusions— Augmentation of intracellular adenosine levels through ADK knockout in myeloid cells protects ApoE −/− mice against atherosclerosis by reducing foam cell formation via the epigenetic regulation of cholesterol trafficking. ADK inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z DI BEKASI

Generation Z is known to have different work expectations, demanding meaning, clear feedback, and autonomy. This study aims to analyze the influence of job characteristics on the performance of Generation Z employees in Bekasi through job-based psychological ownership. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques on 187 respondents working in the manufacturing sector. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that variations in skills, task identity, task significance, and feedback have a positive and significant impact on psychological ownership. However, autonomy does not show a significant influence. Feedback has a negative influence on psychological ownership, indicating that the way feedback is communicated does not support a sense of commitment to work. Furthermore, psychological ownership was found to have a positive influence on employee performance. These findings have important implications for management in designing more varied and meaningful jobs, as well as improving the quality of feedback provided to employees. This study contributes to understanding how job characteristics can shape psychological ownership and enhance the performance of young employees.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison between primary closure and T-tube drainage after open choledocotomy

Background: Common Bile Duct (CBD) exploration for choledocolithiasis is usually closed after T-tube insertion. However, complications of T-tube insertion limit its use. In the present study, we wanted to compare outcomes between primary repair of choledocotomy and traditional T-tube insertion. Material and methods: Thirty patients with CBD stones disease admitted at Sina and Imam Reza hospitals of Tabriz, from April 2012 to February 2013, were included in this study.  The patients were randomly divided into two groups: T-tube drainage group and primary closure group. Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results: There was no mortality and retained stones in both groups. Two of 15 patients in the T-tube group and four of 15 patients in primary closure group suffered from minor bile leakage. There was no major bile leakage in the T-tube group but one patient in the primary closure group had major bile leakage, which was treated conservatively without surgical or endoscopic intervention. Wound infection was seen in two patients in the T-tube group and one patient in the primary closure group. In follow up assessment, there was no intra-abdominal collection in both groups. Overall postoperative complications include biliary complications, wound infection and intra-abdominal collections, were seen in four patients in the T-tube group and six patients in primary closure group; that was not statically significant difference. Conclusion: primary closure of CBD after open choledocotomy is feasible and is as safe as T-tube insertion. In effect, primary closure avoids T-tube insertion and disadvantages associated with the use of T-tube. Primary closure can be recommended for selected patients with CBD stone disease. Key words: common bile duct stones; choledocotomy; T-tube drainage; primary closure

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experiences in Tick Control by Acaricide in the Traditional Cattle Sector in Zambia and Burkina Faso: Possible Environmental and Public Health Implications

Livestock, especially cattle, play a paramount role in agriculture production systems, particularly in poor countries throughout the world. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have an important impact on livestock and agriculture production in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors review the most common methods used for the control of ticks and TBDs. Special emphasis is given to the direct application of acaricides to the host animals. The possible environmental and public health adverse effects (i.e. risks for the workers, residues in the environment, and in food products of animal origin) are mentioned. The authors present two case studies, describing different field experiences in controlling ticks in two African countries. In Zambia (Southern Africa), a strategic dipping regime was used to control Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, vectors of theileriosis, a deadly disease affecting cattle in the traditional livestock sector in Southern Province. The dipping regime adopted allowed to reduce the tick challenge and cattle mortally rate, and at the same time, to employ less acaricide as compared to the intensive dipping used so far, without disrupting the building-up of enzootic stability. In Burkina Faso (West Africa), where dipping was never used for tick control, an acaricide footbath was employed as an alternative method to the traditional technique used locally (portable manual sprayers). This was developed from field observations on the invasion/attachment process of the Amblyomma variegatum ticks –vector of cowdriosis- on the animal hosts, leading to a control method aimed to kill ticks temporarily attached to the interdigital areas before their permanent attachment to the predilection sites. This innovative method has been overall accepted by the local farmers. It has the advantage of greatly reducing costs of treatments and has a minimal environmental impact, making footbath a sustainable and replicable method, adoptable also in other West African countries. Although the two methods described, developed in very different contexts, are not comparable -if public health and environmental implications are taken into account, if a balance amongst efficacy of the control method(s), cost-effectiveness and sustainability is reached- a way forward for the implementation of a One Health strategy can be set.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aire mediates peptide epitope-specific thymic deletion of self reactive T cells to prevent autoimmune uveitis (148.3)

Abstract Aire is a transcription factor required for the expression of many tissue specific antigens in the thymus. In the absence of functional Aire protein, human patients and mice develop multi-organ autoimmune disease, including autoimmune uveitis, due to a defect in negative selection. The development of spontaneous uveitis in the Aire KO mouse model is dependent on the eye antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding antigen (IRBP), which has Aire-regulated expression the thymus. To study the mechanism by which Aire prevents IRBP-dependent autoimmune uveitis, two tetramer reagents were generated to measure the frequency and phenotype of IRBP specific CD4+ T cells in the polyclonal repertoire of WT and Aire KO mice. Analysis of the polyclonal T cell repertoire of WT and Aire KO mice showed that T cells specific for both IRBP tetramers proliferated in Aire KO mice when they developed uveitis. However, tetramer staining of thymocytes showed that only one of the two tetramer binding populations were deleted via an Aire-dependent mechanism. These studies demonstrate that two types of IRBP-specific T cells participate in spontaneous autoimmune uveitis in Aire KO mice, those that are deleted in an Aire-dependent manner and those that are not deleted by Aire.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A GAME THEORY APPROACH TO SALINIZATION PROBLEM OF THE ARAL SEA BASIN

This paper studies a transboundary economy with two countries located in a lake basin.Each country withdraws water from the lake for irrigation purposes, which in turn causes the lake to desiccate.The receding lake leaves surfaces covered with salt dust, which is transported by wind to the surrounding area, increasing the salinity of the two countries' lands.This paper examines whether a partially cooperative water -allocation scheme, where a central authority chooses the two countries' respective abatement levels (of salt dust) after the countries individually choose per-unit taxes on water withdrawal, induces the countries to withdraw water at the socially efficient level.We find that the partial scheme works, i.e. it induces both countries to optimally choose to withdraw at the socially efficient level.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Economic Organization and Innovation in Japan: Networks, Spin-offs and the Creation of Enterprise

Among the many extraordinary aspects of Japan's postwar economic growth, perhaps none is more dramatic than the nation's move from technological follower to technological leader. Overall rates of patenting in Japan rose faster than in any other advanced economy over the past several decades, such that Japanese inventors collectively rank at or near the top of national lists of new patent holders (Okimoto and Saxonhouse, 1987; National Science Foundation, 1997). Japanese companies have also rapidly increased their technology exports. These exports first exceeded imports in 1972, and by the mid-1980s, the technology export: import ratio was approaching 2:1 (Okimoto and Saxonhouse, 1987). Even in 1994, with Japan in the middle of a recession, technology exports to the US exceeded imports by over $14 billion (National Science Foundation, 1997).

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Cloning of MRF4 Gene CDS and Its mRNA Expression in Heart Tissues During Duck Embyronic Development

Abstract Liu, H., Wang, J., Han, C, Jia, J., Si, J., Huang, K. and Li, L. 2010. Cloning of MRF4 gene CDS and its mRNA expression in heart tissues during duck embyronic development. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 185–189. In order to investigate the effect of MRF4 in heart muscle, complete coding region of duck MRF4 gene was cloned. It consisted of 723 nucleotides and codes for 240 AA, including a bHLH domain. Relative mRNA developmental expression of MRF4 in heart tissues at different embryo stages and newborn birds (lw) was investigated. Duck MRF4 mRNA was expressed in each stage and the expression level of the day 18th stage was higher than that of other stages (P<0.05). It was concluded that MRF4 may be significant to the heart development regulation either through its bHLH domain directly or mediated by MEF2 gene family indirectly. Keywords: MRF4expressionheart tissuesfetal development

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The evolution of modern psychiatric care in Nigeria

The author discussed the development of modern psychiatric care in Nigeria. There are two primary conceptual orientations among mental health workers in the country--the "non-culture bound" and the "culture-bound" approaches to mental health care. The effectiveness of modern psychiatric care in this society might well depend on the extent to which commonly accepted notions of mental illness are accommodated by professional care agents.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
General geology and geochemical study of topsoil in Sokor Taku, Tanah Merah

A study of general geological mapping and the distribution of heavy metals were carried out at Sokor Taku, Tanah Merah, Kelantan. The study area covers latitude between 5 ° 33 '45 "N to 5 ° 36' 28.13" N while longitude is between 101 ° 57 '26.25 “E to 102 ° 0’ 9.38" E with a total 25 km2. Sokor Taku is a part of Telong Formation and Taku Schist. The geological map of the study area is produced and updated by using geographic information system (GIS) with the scale of 1:25 000. Based on the geological mapping that conducted in the study area, Sokor Taku consists of rocks including mud, sandstone, phyllite, tuff and sandstone. In addition, research on the distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Sn) in the soil is also carried out by taking six random soil samples according to the different lithology. All soil samples were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescent (XRF). The analysis results show the difference in concentration for each element in the soil. The Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Sn concentrations of the soil samples are compared with the permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and according to the European Union Standard and Australia Standard.

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Comparative study of nuclear RNA of the liver and experimental hepatoma by the method of DNA-RNA molecular hybridization].

DNA:RNA molecular hybridization of rat liver and hepatoma nyclear RNAs was carried out under controlled conditions as to nucleotide composition and quantitative ratios of competing RNAs and the time of labelling. These factors are shown to influence the results of competition hybridization experiments. For instance a lower competitive ability of rat liver nuclear RNA as compared to that of hepatoma nuclear RNA stems to certain from a relatively higher GC-content of the former. However differences in the competitive efficiency of nuclear RNAs studied could be revealed even with preparations of equal nucleotide composition, these differences being but of quantitative character. The results of the experiments suggest that hepatoma nuclear RNAs are relatively rich in the fast-hybridizable fraction which does not differ qualitatively from the corresponding fraction is characterized by a high metabolic activity and certain tissue specifity.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in IDDM Patients

The diurnal patterns of relevant metabolites and hormones in five pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients (aged 36 ± 2 yr, mean ± SD) with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were compared with those in five kidney-transplanted nondiabetic patients (aged 28 ± 2 yr). The groups were matched for body mass and current dose and type of immunosuppressive treatment. The serum creatinine levels did not differ between the two study groups, but the serum urea level in the nondiabetic patients was slightly but significantly higher than in the diabetic patients. In the pancreas-kidney-transplanted group the investigation was performed 8–47 mo posttransplantation; in the kidney-transplanted nondiabetic patients, 12–18 mo posttransplantation. The mean 24-h levels and rhythms of blood glucose, free fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and alanine did not differ between the groups. The mean 24-h levels of blood lactate and glycerol were moderately but significantly higher in the pancreas-kidneytransplanted diabetic patients. At fasting, the level of serum immunoreactive insulin was more than twice as high in the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients, whereas the plasma C-peptide levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mealinduced increases in serum insulin as well as in the plasma C-peptide levels were more marked in the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients. The findings suggest that the hyperinsulinemia in these patients was due to both the systemic delivery of insulin and an increase in insulin resistance, the latter being particularly apparent in the postprandial phase. In the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients, elevated plasma glucagon levels were also observed, whereas the mean 24-h level and number of peaks of growth hormone did not differ significantly between the two study groups.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-stabilizing scheduling algorithm for cooperating robots

Summary form only given. We address the problem of autonomous robots which alternate between execution of individual tasks and peer-to-peer communication. Each robot keeps in its permanent memory a set of locations where it can meet some of the other robots. The proposed self-stabilizing algorithm solves the management of visits to these locations ensuring that after the stabilizing phase, every visit to a location will lead to a communication. We model the untimed behaviour of a robot by a Petri net and the timed behaviour by an (in/spl I.bar/nite) discrete time Markov chain. Theoretical results in this area are then combined in order to establish the proof of the algorithm.

Topic: Petri Nets in System Modeling
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative

Research Article| September 01 1983 The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative Janet L. Larson Janet L. Larson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1983) 38 (2): 131–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/3044787 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Janet L. Larson; The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1 September 1983; 38 (2): 131–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3044787 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNineteenth-Century Literature Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Mormonism, Religion, and History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hot-Wire Measurements of Turbulence Correlations in a Triangular Duct

Previous studies by flow visualization have indicated that the flow through a duct of triangular cross section is in its characteristics quite different from flow through a duct with circular cross section. They revealed among others that purely laminar flow exists in the corners of the duct even though the bulk of the fluid moves in turbulent motion. Heat-transfer measurements in such a duct appear to indicate that the turbulent transport in the direction of the height of the duct is considerably smaller than expected from circular tube measurements. The present paper reports the measurements of turbulent correlations for turbulent flow through such a duct. These measurements have been made with hot wires of very small dimensions. They again reveal the existence of a laminar corner region. In the bulk of the fluid, the differences of the correlations to those in a round tube turned out to be smaller than originally suspected.

Topic: Heat Transfer Mechanisms
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences