jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Educational Program for the Prevention of Colonization of Intravascular Catheters

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an educational program for the prevention of catheter colonization. Design: Two cross-sectional studies were carried out in a 500-bed randomly selected area of the hospital, separated by an educational program on the care of intravenous lines based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for the control of catheter-related infections. Setting: A 2,100-bed urban general hospital affiliated with the University of Madrid (Spain). Methods: Characteristics of patients and catheters and appropriateness of catheter care were evaluated. Cultures were taken from the point of insertion of the vascular catheter, the hubs, and infusion fluids. When catheter-associated infection was suspected, the distal end of the catheter was sent for culture and two blood cultures were taken. We compared the clinical and microbiological data before and after carrying out an educational program based on CDC recommendations for the control of catheter-related infections. Results: Characteristics of patients and catheters did not differ between the two cross-sectional studies. Compared with baseline data, after the educational program we observed a reduction of inappropriate catheter care, from 83% to 38% (45% difference, 95% confidence interval [CI 95 ], 55% to 35%, P&lt;0.0000), and a reduction in the rate of skin colonization, from 34% to 18% (16% difference, CI 95 , 26% to 5%, P&lt;0.001). The frequency of phlebitis (15% versus 14%), hub colonizations (12% versus 11%), catheter colonizations (2% versus 1%), and catheter-related bacteremias (0% versus 0%) remained unchanged between the two cross-sectional studies. Conclusions: Our educational program improved catheter care and reduced significantly the proportion of skin colonization around the insertion point. However, the educational program did not modify the proportion of hub colonization; because hub colonization has been demonstrated to be a source of line sepsis, our data suggest the need for a specific program directed to the maintenance of catheter hubs.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Stabilization of a one-dimensional short-range model atom in intense laser fields

Abstract. The stabilization of atoms in the presence of very intense and short laser pulses has been proposed and confirmed in various numerical simulations (e.g. Su et al). A question was then raised by several authors (Chen and Bernstein, Krainov and Preobrazhenskii, and Geltman) concerning the possibility of producing such stabilization in a one-dimensional model atom with zero range of electron–nucleus interaction. In this paper we report evidence of stabilization through the suppression of ionization for such a model atom. We find that the use of a high-frequency laser pulse is necessary for such a realization. 1.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chronicle of the Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University of December 17, 1908

Dr. Pervushin. An interesting report by I. A. is supported by such convincing anatomical and physiological data concerning the treated area that one can fully agree with his conclusions regarding the nature of the painful phenomena of the described case. Only on the question of the participation in this case of the lesion of the spinal cord itself, I would take a somewhat different view, or rather be more categorical: there was no direct lesion of the spinal cord; if this were allowed, in view of the increase in tendon reflexes on the left leg and Achilles on the right, then it would be necessary to assume that the knife, penetrating the spinal canal on the left and injuring the roots of the left side, penetrated the substance of the brain, passing on the left and on its right side, which caused damage to the rights. pyramidal bundle and caused an increase in tendon reflexes not only on the left, but also on the right. With such a mechanism, however, a number of corresponding spinal symptoms would be observed, which was not the case. The increase in the mentioned reflexes could be explained, perhaps, by the pressure on the spinal cord of the hematoma.

Topic: Neurology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Iran’s Strategic Behaviour Against ISIS: Religio-Cultural Context of Shrines and Martyrdom

The killing of Qassem Soleimani in 2020 again brought the religio-cultural significance of ‘martyrdom’ into limelight in Iran. He got recognized as the ‘Defender-Martyr of Holy Shrine’ given his role against ISIS in protecting the Shi’i holy shrines. This article analyses the relationship between ‘shrines and ‘martyrdom’ in Iran’s strategy against ISIS. It uses the strategic culture approach to understand Iran’s threat perception of ISIS and how the narratives of ‘defence of shrines’ and ‘martyrdom-seeking’ reinforce each other in Iran’s support to the ‘Defenders of Holy Shrines’. It analyses socialization in the Shi’i religious culture on the part of the Iranian policy elite, which influenced Iran’s strategic preferences against ISIS.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Speaking Up and Being Heard: The Importance of Functional Communication and Discourse Principles in Aphasia Intervention

Abstract This article acknowledges Audrey Holland's influence on aphasiology as it specifically relates to the emergence of a strengths-based perspective on the everyday communication of people with aphasia. We explore a historical perspective, as well as current ways in which everyday communicative events are approached in both clinical and research practice. The term “functional communication” is synonymous with Audrey's work, with linguistically-based discourse analysis and therapy both viewed as natural companions and extensions of the concept within aphasiology. Audrey's focus on the interactional side of communication and psychosocial impacts of aphasia, as well as her expertise in analysis and measurement, contributed to the coalescing of impairment-based and social communication approaches, encompassing a true sense of humanity and connectedness. Her application of these in international contexts was also noteworthy. In this article, we hope to capture principles of aphasia management that underpin current clinical practice, and also move beyond the traditional clinic context to consider aphasia groups that have had such a key role in promoting successful social communication by and with people with aphasia. We suggest future directions to further promote the principles advocated by Audrey Holland in assisting people with aphasia to move forward with confidence with their conversation partners, friends, and communities.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Data conversion between IS&amp;C format and DICOM format images in a personal computer environment

This paper describes an image viewing process on the Image Save And Carry (IS&C) and the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and conversion between these standards. The personal computer based image viewer can convert image format and is implemented on the image transmission application extending IS&C system by using the DICOM transfer function. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare showed the technical criteria (security, long-term reliability and compatibility) for the electronic storage of the medical images in 1994. This viewer will conform this criteria. This system is a prototype IS&C viewing station which currently implemented on DOS/V 6.2 and MS-Windows 3.1 environment. We think that the linage station have to archive and transmit images with a simple operation. This system lets us make efficient use of the medical image information without difficulties.

Topic: Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tabetha Leigh Ewing, Rumor, Diplomacy and War in Enlightenment Paris , Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2014, 311 p., ISBN 978-0-7294-1142-4

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Topic: Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Classification of Facemarks Using N-gram

In this paper, we present an approach for the classification of facemarks into some facial expression categories. Facemarks are some of the expressions that are often used in text-based communication. Facemarks express human facial expression or action and they help us to understand what writers imply. However, there are some problems in the proccessing of the facemarks with computer; facemarks are numerous and users make new facemarks. Therefore, we propose to use the characters in facemarks to classify them. Though the facemarks are various, only some of signs and letters are used for the characters that compose the them. Moreover, there is a feature of the expressions of facemarks in the characters. We present an approach for facemarks classification using N-gram and evaluate this method.

Topic: Face recognition and analysis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of agonists and antagonists on the morphology of non-transformed human smooth muscle cell in vitro.

In the present study we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate morphological changes of non-transformed line of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (bSMC) induced by different agonists. Explants of normal bronchi were dissected and subcultured between 2 and 6 passage. In addition, smooth muscle actin content was assessed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and its isoelectric point by IPG followed by immunoblotting. SMC were fixed by 2.0% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde and then were post-fixed by OSO4 and followed by dehydration and gold coating. Cytosolic free calcium was measured using adherent cells incubated with 500 microM Fura-2 acetoxymethylester and monitored by single excitation fluorimetry. Cultured cells possess predominantly charged actin isoforms with pI at 4.95; they respond to acetylcholine (100 microM), bradykinin (5 microM) and sulfidopeptide leukotriens (0.3-1.0 microM) with contraction, marked morphological lesions, such as widespread monolayer disorganization, extension of cell contacts. The number of microvilli on the cell surfaces was correlated with the degree of the alterations of the cellular morphology. Receptor antagonists antagonized these changes: atropine (0.3 microM), HOE 140 (1 microM) and MK 571 (1 microM). Acetylcholine and bradykinin induced a biphasic elevation of cytosolic calcium, which was antagonized by their receptor antagonists. Calcium changes in response to agonists were maintained over repetitive passages. Therefore, morphological changes seen in human bronchial SMC in culture with physiological response to various, structurally unrelated agonists can be future concern for the study the possible testing of the different pharmacological substances.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of Gender and Demographic Factors on Smoking Behavior Prediction

The relationship between smoking habits and gender, that is affected by demographic variables like age, income level, and education level, is illustrated. Using the Chi-square test for independence, we identified significant associations with gender on smoking behavior. EDA further revealed crucial trends and disparities in prevalence of smoking among different groups of demographic variables. We develop a classification model to identify the significant predictors for smoking behavior from the factors mentioned above. Further, we conduct Principal Component Analysis for reducing the dimension of data to see which factors are more significantly influential for smoking behavior. The results of the research give us the understanding that can be applied towards the formulation of targeted public health strategies that could effectively reduce the prevalence of smoking.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
First record of<i>Palaemonetes mesopotamicus</i>Pesta, 1913 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Turkey

"First record of Palaemonetes mesopotamicus Pesta, 1913 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Turkey." Zoology in the Middle East, 56(1), pp. 146–147

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Unfocussed spatial attention underlies the crowding effect in indirect form vision

When targets are seen in the presence of neighbouring patterns or contours, their visibility is reduced. This phenomenon, known as the crowding effect, is particularly pronounced in indirect view. By the measurement of recognition contrast sensitivity of a character with flankers to the left and right, we studied mechanisms underlying the crowding effect in indirect form vision. Attentional and featural contributions to the effect can be separated by a new paradigm that distinguishes pattern location errors from pattern recognition errors and further by manipulating the focussing of spatial attention through a transient positional cue, appearing 150 ms before the target. Measurements were on the horizontal meridian, at 1, 2, and 4 eccentricity, and a range of flankers' distances. Our results show that in normal indirect view the impairment of character recognition by crowding is — in particular at intermediate flanker distances — caused by spatially imprecise focussing of attention. The enhancement of performance by a transient positional cue seems mediated separately such that locus and intensity are independent characteristics of attention in form vision.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis 2011

Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis, 2011 Walsinghamiella niniella Gielis, 2011: 41. (Type locality: Tanzania). Material examined: 1 ♀ Kalwe Forest, 18– 19.05.2013, R. Murphy. Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi. Notes. New for Malawi.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An investigation into the Assessment of Teachers' Questioning Techniques during Classroom Interactions

The utilization of an interrogative approach is vital within the framework of educational progression. Participating in critical thinking can be advantageous for students as it helps stimulate their cognitive processes. The implementation of an interrogative strategy by the teacher is crucial in the classroom environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the various questioning techniques used by an English vocational school teacher in Yogyakarta when interacting with Grade 10 students. Furthermore, the study aimed to ascertain the most commonly employed questioning technique as well as the least frequently used tactic by the teacher. The current study utilized a descriptive-qualitative research methodology. The data was obtained through the application of observation and interviews. The observation was to see the different types of inquiries presented and the general dynamics inside the classroom. Meanwhile, the interview was to obtain the teacher's viewpoint regarding the question methodology implemented in their teaching practices. The investigation has revealed several inquiry techniques that are dependent on the content of the inquiries. The strategies encompass probing questions (57.1%), factual questions (3.5%), divergent questions (3.5%), higher-order questions (14.2%), emotive questions (10.7%), and structuring questions (10.7%). The penetrating inquiry is the most successful approach for questioning, whereas the factual question and the divergent question are the least effective strategies.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Convenient Rearrangement Reaction of 2‐Chloroglycidic Esters by PPh<sub>3</sub>: A New Synthetic Method of 3‐Chloro‐2‐keto Esters.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KELAPA DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

Indragiri Hilir District has 515,200 hectares of local coconut land with production of 418,200 tons (Statistic Board, 2015), but the area of land and its production is always decreasing. The decline of the area is caused by land damage, land conversion, the number of coconut plants that are old and dead and so affect to the need of raw materials for the development of the coconut industry in generating the number and type of product diversification. This research is conducted to analyze the internal and external factors that were influences to the development of local coconut industry which aims to know the internal and external factors in the development of coconut industry in Indragiri Hilir district. The result of the analysis showed that the internal factors that become the strength and impact on the development of the coconut industry are the large area of coconut plant that is large enough, the availability of a large workforce and already has a large scale coconut processing industry; while the weakness factor is the age of coconut plants is quite old, coconut farmers generally use local seeds, decreased coconut productivity and the limited number and type of diversification of coconut derived products. External factors that become opportunities for the development of the coconut industry is the high demand for coconut products and derivatives in the export market, coconut derivative products can still be developed and supported by local government and related agencies while external factors are a threat to the coconut industry development of coconut plantation damage due to sea water intrusion and high investment concerns in competing countries against the coconut industry.

Topic: Agricultural and Environmental Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polyamine Transport in Aspergillus nidulans

The uptake of putrescine, spermidine and spermine was studied in Aspergillus nidulans using 14C-labelled polyamines. Active transport systems, inhibited by azide and regulated by nitrogen availability, exist at least for putrescine and spermidine. Putrescine is taken up two to three times more rapidly than spermidine, reflecting a lower Km for the former substrate. The two uptake systems appear to be independent, spermidine uptake being inhibited by both putrescine and spermine, while putrescine uptake is not inhibited by the other two polyamines. The relationships of these transport systems to the tenfold or greater difference between spermidine and putrescine concentrations required to support growth of the putrescine auxotroph are discussed.

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Scattering monodromy and the A 1 singularity

We present the notion of scattering monodromy for a two degree of freedom hyperbolic oscillator and apply this idea to determine the Picard-Lefschetz monodromy of the isolated singular point of a quadratic function of two complex variables.

Topic: Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predictors of Gambling-Related Problems in Adult Internet Gamblers

The use of the Internet to gamble has become increasingly prevalent in recent years.\nAlthough researchers have suggested that adult Internet gamblers are at high risk for\ndeveloping a gambling disorder, few studies, overall, have been conducted on the effects\nof Internet gambling. Furthermore, conflicting research exists regarding what moderates\ngambling-related problems. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if\nage, gender, and emotions prior to the gambling experience are related predictors of\nInternet problem gambling severity. A retrospective design was used. The pathways\nmodel was used to support the belief that emotions felt before an Internet gambling\nsession are associated with the severity of the gambling problem. Data were obtained\nfrom adult Internet gamblers who had Internet gambled in the preceding week. One\nhundred and fifty participants completed an online survey about the emotions they felt\nbefore an Internet-gambling session and self-reported the negative consequences of their\ngambling. The survey contained demographic questions, questions from the Positive and\nNegative Affect Schedule (to assess emotions felt before participants' last Internet\ngambling session), and questions from the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The results\nof the multiple linear regression analysis were significant, indicating that, as a group,\nparticipants' age, gender, and emotions felt prior to the gambling experience predicted\ntheir problem gambling severity. This study can assist with prevention, early intervention,\nand treatment of adult Internet gamblers.

Topic: Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SARS-CoV-2 NSP2 as a Potential Delivery Vehicle for Proteins

The development of biomolecule delivery systems is essential for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, immunological diseases, and metabolic disorders. For the first time, we found that SARS-CoV-2-encoded nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) can be secreted from the cells, where it is synthesized. Brefeldin A and H89, inhibitors of ER/Golgi secretion pathways, did not inhibit NSP2 secretion. NSP2 is likely secreted via an unconventional secretory pathway. Moreover, both secreted and purified NSP2 proteins were able to traverse the plasma membrane barrier and enter both immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells and tumor cell lines. After entry, the NSP2 protein was localized in only the cytoplasm. Cytochalasin D, a potent inhibitor of actin polymerization, inhibited the entry of NSP2. NSP2 can carry other molecules into cells. Burkholderia lethal factor 1, a monomeric toxin from the intracellular pathogen <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, has demonstrated antitumor activity by targeting host eukaryotic initiation translation factor 4A. An NSP2-BLF1 fusion protein was translocated across the cellular membranes of Huh7 cells and mediated cell killing. By using different approaches, including protein purification, chemical inhibition, and cell imaging, we confirm that NSP2 is able to deliver heterologous proteins into cells. NSP2 can act as a potential delivery vehicle for proteins.

Topic: Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences