jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ENABLING CONTROL SYSTEM AND CLOUD-BASED SIMULATION SERVICE INTEROPERABILITY

The latest innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will change manufacturing and simulation forever. One of those changes involves the use of simulation-based cloud services and the integration of those services with operational problems on the shop floor. In this paper, we focus on the control problems, which we represent as a multilayer process graph. The nodes in this graph are control functions, which are cognitive in nature and can be executed by different agents. The links in the graph are the information objects needed by each agent to execute its assigned functions. We also describe a generic sets of control functions and the roles that simulation can play in executing those functions. This means that simulation is now part of an integrated process and can no longer be thought of as a stand-alone technology. In this paper, we discuss issues and propose approaches to addressing that integration.

Topic: Simulation Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pediatric Research: Products Studied under Two Related Laws, but Improved Tracking Needed by FDA

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In 2007, Congress reauthorized two laws, the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) and the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA). PREA requires that sponsors conduct pediatric studies for certain products unless the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants a waiver or deferral. Sponsors submit studies to FDA in applications for review. BPCA is voluntary for sponsors. The FDA Amendments Act of 2007 required that GAO describe the effect of these laws since the 2007 reauthorization. GAO (1) examined how many and what types of products have been studied; (2) described the number and type of labeling changes and FDA's review periods; and (3) described challenges identified by stakeholders to conducting studies. GAO examined data on the studies from the 2007 reauthorization through June 2010, reviewed statutory requirements, and interviewed stakeholders and agency officials."

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Field ionization mass spectrometry of long chain fatty methyl esters

Abstract Mass spectrometry is particularly useful for identifying lipid materials. One primary factor in the interpretation of mass spectra is the recording of the molecular ion peak giving the molecular weight of the compound. Regrettably many compounds, including hydroxy compounds, do not give significant molecular ion peaks; consequently their identification is difficult. A mass spectrometer equipped with a field ionization source produces a greatly different mass spectrum consisting almost entirely of the molecular ion peak. This new source was used to measure the mass spectra of methyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and hydroxy fatty acids. Saturated esters gave the molecular ion peak almost exclusively; unsaturated esters yielded molecular plus metastable ion peaks; whereas the hydroxy esters had molecular, M‐18, meaastable and fragment ion peaks.

Topic: Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vowel Space Area and Speech Intelligibility of Children with Cochlear Implants

This study measured speech intelligibility in relation to the vowel space area and the perception of the listener through acoustic analysis of children who had received cochlear implants. It also provided basic data in the evaluation of speech intelligibility by analyzing the correlation between the vowel space area and speech intelligibility. As a research method, the vowel space area was analyzed by obtaining the value of <TEX>$F_1$</TEX>, <TEX>$F_2$</TEX> in children three years after receiving cochlear implants, and compared them to normal children by measuring speech intelligibility through interval scaling. A product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation. Results showed that the vowel space area of the children who had received cochlear implants was significantly different from that of the normal children, though their speech intelligibility showed similar points to those of the normal children. The results of the correlation analysis on the vowel space area and speech intelligibility showed no significant correlation. Therefore, the period of improving intelligibility after receiving cochlear implants and the objective standards of the vowel space area could be established. In addition, the acoustic rating was required to increase the accuracy of the objective measurement in the evaluation of speech intelligibility.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Corporate Governance, Strategic Choices and Performance of Financial Institutions in Kenya

It has been argued that corporate governance plays a critical role in determining the strategic direction of corporations. This is achieved through formulation of strategic choices that utilizes firm’s internal resources to align corporations to the external environment for optimal performances. In this study, we sought to determine the influence of corporate governance and strategic choices to the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted and, primary data collected from top executives of 108 financial institutions. We analyzed data using regression analysis. Results indicate that corporate governance and strategic choices significantly influences organizational performance. Further, the study revealed a partial mediation of strategic choices to corporate governance and organizational performance. It was concluded that besides corporate governance being a key determinant of performance in organizations, adoption of appropriate strategic choices greatly enhances the performance. The results are important to organizational leaders, policy makers, investors and all corporate stakeholders in determining optimal strategies for organizational posterity.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Multidisciplinary learning through collective performance favors decentralization

Many models of learning in teams assume that team members can share solutions or learn concurrently. However, these assumptions break down in multidisciplinary teams where team members often complete distinct, interrelated pieces of larger tasks. Such contexts make it difficult for individuals to separate the performance effects of their own actions from the actions of interacting neighbors. In this work, we show that individuals can overcome this challenge by learning from network neighbors through mediating artifacts (like collective performance assessments). When neighbors’ actions influence collective outcomes, teams with different networks perform relatively similarly to one another. However, varying a team’s network can affect performance on tasks that weight individuals’ contributions by network properties. Consequently, when individuals innovate (through “exploring” searches), dense networks hurt performance slightly by increasing uncertainty. In contrast, dense networks moderately help performance when individuals refine their work (through “exploiting” searches) by efficiently finding local optima. We also find that decentralization improves team performance across a battery of 34 tasks. Our results offer design principles for multidisciplinary teams within which other forms of learning prove more difficult.

Topic: Team Dynamics and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical X-ray Diagnosis of Children Humeral Lateral Condyle Fracture

Objective To investigate the Radiological representations of children humeral lateral condyle fracture and their relationship to complications and prognosis. Methods X-ray films of 21 cases of children humeral lateral condyle fracture were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 boys and 4 girls with a mean age of 6 years (2 to 9). Fractures were observed in right arms in 16 cases and left arms in 5 cases. 11 cases were treated with external gypsum or splint fixation, the other 10 cases were treated with operative internal fixation. Results Flimsy fragments or triangle pieces of metaphysis were presented at lateral humerus in 19 cases (90.5%), which accompanied with broken humerus capitulum in 2 cases; fragments displaced outwards were presented in 10 cases and accompanied with circumgyrated and retroflexion in 6 cases. No displacement of fragments was found in 3 cases. Elbow swelling without remarkable fracture-line were observed in 2 cases, sign of elbow joint dropsy were shown in 12 cases; Ossification of lateral epicondyle epiphysis in advance were found in 3 cases. Conclusions The radiological findings of flimsy fragments and triangle pieces are very important characteristics in diagnosis of children humeral lateral condyle fracture.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Double Sleeve Lobectomy by Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) and Thoracotomy for NSCLC Treatment

Liang Wu,1 Hao Wang,2 Haomin Cai,1 Jiang Fan,1 Gening Jiang,1 Yayi He,3 Lei Jiang1 1Department of Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yayi He; Lei Jiang Tel/fax +86 21 6511 5006Email 2250601@qq.com; leijiang2356@yahoo.comBackground: With the development of the surgical technique and experience of surgeons, uniportal VATS has been used in double sleeve lobectomy to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of uniportal VATS in NSCLC treatment.Methods: We reviewed 42 NSCLC patients who underwent double sleeve lobectomy in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from June 2015 to November 2017. 21 patients received double sleeve lobectomy through uniportal VATS and 21 through conventional thoracotomy with large incision.Results: The characteristics of patients were similar between the two groups. The operation time was longer in the uniportal VATS group (p=0.021) and the drainage on postoperation day 1 was significantly less in the uniportal VATS group (p=0.004). Patients reported a lower postoperative pain level in the uniportal VATS group than in the thoracotomy group (p=0.002). No statistically significant difference showed in other aspects.Conclusion: Uniportal VATS double sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC treatment is safe and effective. Lower postoperative pain level was found in the uniportal VATS group. Its complication rate and postoperation survival were similar to the conventional thoracotomy approach with large incision. But a large randomized clinical trial is still necessary for further investigation.Keywords: sleeve lobectomy, uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS, thoracotomy

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Neural network for learning and analyzing preferences for Multi-Criteria services

In the latest years, service selection is becoming more and more important due to the significant effect of internet based services in the telecom industry. When it comes to selecting the best service, different candidate services with similar settings are proposed by different service providers. The selection should take into consideration the respect of the constraints of consumers in terms of Service Level Agreement contracts, what makes the modelling of the preferences of decision-makers for choice problems the main focus of this work. In order to model these preferences, we propose contextual preference functions based on machine learning techniques from neural networks. It will therefore be possible to further explain and decode preferences in order to facilitate negotiation and thus decision-making, thereby improving the quality of service providers while being on customer preferences.

Topic: Customer churn and segmentation
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Mekong Review : Quarterly Literary Journal, vol. 2, no. 1

Mekong Review, vol. 2, no. 1, November 2016 - January 2017 Issue 5 begins with a brilliant review from Antonia Bryan, who writes on the conundrum that is the Khmer Rouge’s executor-in-chief, Duch; then a chilling and timely interview with Thai journalist Thaweeporn Kummetha on life as a journalist in Thailand today; David Eimer on the ongoing ethnic strife in Myanmar; and Peter Zinoman on Chistopher Goscha’s ground-breaking Penguin history of Vietnam. Elsewhere, we have pieces on everything f...

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Perception and Attitudes

Background: In the United States, 76.9% of women initiate breastfeeding but only 36.0% breastfeed exclusively for 3 months. Lack of support for public breastfeeding may prevent women from breastfeeding in public, which could contribute to low rates of breastfeeding exclusivity and continuation, despite high rates of breastfeeding initiation. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether residents of New York City, New York, were supportive of and comfortable with public breastfeeding. Methods: A population-based public opinion telephone survey of non-institutionalized New York City residents 18 years and older was conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Results: Overall, 50.4% of respondents were not supportive of public breastfeeding. In the multivariable analysis, there was significant variation in support by race/ethnicity, age, and education. There were no significant differences in support by sex, receipt of food stamps, nativity, or the presence of children younger than 12 years in the home. One-third (33.2%) of respondents were uncomfortable with women breastfeeding near them in public. There was significant variation by education in the multivariable analysis. Lack of comfort was highest among those with a high school education or less (39.9%) and some college (33.8%). Conclusion: New York City residents are conflicted about whether breastfeeding is a private act or one that can be done in public. For women who want to continue with their intention to breastfeed exclusively, the negative opinion of other residents may cause them to breastfeed only in private, thereby limiting the opportunity to breastfeed for the recommended time.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lokomat Training to Improve Gait in Multiple Sclerosis and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Gait dysfunction is an area of considerable disability for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The use of robot-assisted gait training is a potential technology-based intervention to treat gait impairment. Twenty-five people with MS and PD were enrolled in separate clinical studies and treated with up to 16 sessions of robot-assisted gait training. Outcomes collected included quantitative temporal-spatial gait data, as well as patient self- reported quality of life. Our findings show that robot-assisted gait training can result in positive improvements in gait and quality of life in the MS population and reduce freezing of gait in the PD population.

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Thymus zygis</i> Subsp. <i>Gracilis</i>:  Watering Level Effect on Phytomass Production and Essential Oil Quality

Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis (chemotype thymol) was evaluated on the basis of its phytomass production and essential oil quality. Three different watering levels were assayed to achieve 63, 44, and 30% of the local potential evapotranspiration (Eto). According to the statistical analysis, a water supplement equivalent to 44% Eto in this cultivation area was optimal for maximum plant dry matter production and essential oil yield. Capillary GC-MS analysis of the essential oil allowed the identification of 86 volatile components. Among them, 30 are described for the first time as volatile constituents of the essential oil in this thyme subspecies and chemotype. The watering level effect on essential oil composition was noticeable, because the application of a water supplement equivalent to the 63% Eto favored the production of an essential oil richer in low molecular weight components. However, the greatest thymol concentrations were obtained under the 30 and 44% Eto watering levels.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF PARTICLE GRADING SIZE AND SHAPE ON DENSITY, DILATANCY AND SHEAR STRENGTH OF SANDS

The science of the particle level interaction of sandy soil on the macroscale behaviour is governed by the particle shape and size. Sands are cohesionless and the characteristics of its shear strength (Ã˜peak and Ã˜cr) are entirely dependent on the density, normal stress and the interparticle reaction of the soil structure. The shearing deformation of sand has also led to a phenomenon called dilatancy (Ïˆ). In this study, well graded sand (SW), poorly graded uniform sand (SPuKahang), gap graded sand (SPg) from Kahang Malaysia and also (SPuL.Buzzard) uniform Leighton Buzzard sand from United Kingdom were tested in a direct shear box apparatus. The shapes of the sand particles were quantified using the images obtained from a digital microscope. Results from published studies were also analyzed. It was found that the Ã˜peak, Ã˜cr and Ïˆ was the highest for (SW) when compared to the others with similar relative densities (Dr). High normal stresses gave very little variations in dilation angle (Ïˆ) between the samples tested as compared to the lower normal stress. The correlation between (Ã˜peak - Ã˜cr) and Ïˆ is also a useful measure of the enhancement of strength due to dilatancy. This research also contributes to predicting potential dilatancy occurrence based on the sand morphology. (Keywords: Sand, direct shear box test, friction angle, angle of dilatancy, size and shape)

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tickborne Relapsing Fever, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA

In July 2013, a resident of the Bitterroot Valley in western Montana, USA, contracted tickborne relapsing fever caused by an infection with the spirochete Borrelia hermsii. The patient's travel history and activities before onset of illness indicated a possible exposure on his residential property on the eastern side of the valley. An onsite investigation of the potential exposure site found the vector, Ornithodoros hermsi ticks, and 1 chipmunk infected with spirochetes, which on the basis of multilocus sequence typing were identical to the spirochete isolated from the patient. Field studies in other locations found additional serologic evidence and an infected tick that demonstrated a wider distribution of spirochetes circulating among the small mammal populations. Our study demonstrates that this area of Montana represents a previously unrecognized focus of relapsing fever and poses a risk for persons of acquiring this tickborne disease.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel technique predicting the rice leaf diseases using Convolutional Neural Network

Various ailments affect rice, a staple crop in India, across different stages of its growth. Identification of these diseases manually poses a significant challenge, especially for farmers lacking in-depth knowledge. Recently, there's been promising advancement in deep learning research through automated picture identification systems employing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. To tackle the scarcity of rice leaf disease image datasets, we developed a deep learning model using Transfer Learning on a limited dataset. Our approach leverages VGG-16 to train and evaluate the proposed CNN architecture, drawing from rice field and internet datasets. Impressively, the model achieves a 95 percent accuracy rate. Key terms in this study include Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), fine-tuning, and rice leaf diseases.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Educational Challenges for Children with Cochlear Implants

Children with severe to profound hearing loss who receive cochlear implants have an opportunity to develop the auditory skills that will assist them in lifelong learning. Although the auditory access provided by a cochlear implant can make this process easier, there remain a number of challenges that face a child with an implant, especially in the educational setting. Children with implants will still encounter acoustic challenges, academic challenges, attention challenges, associative challenges, and adjustment challenges. The knowledgeable speech and hearing professional who is aware of the potential of the implant while at the same time is cognizant of possible barriers to a child's success in school, will assist the child is using the device to receive maximal benefit.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Psychiatric Genetics: Methods, Findings and Ethical Issues

This talk has 4 major sections. First, I review the basic definition of a complex trait, especially as it applies to psychiatric disorders. Second, I outline the 4 basic paradigms of psychiatric genetics: simple genetic epidemiology, advanced genetic epidemiology, gene-finding methods and molecular genetics. Third, I review a few basic facts about psychiatric genetics - the level of heritabilities found for most common disorders and the difficulties the field has had in obtaining replicated evidence for single gene effects. Finally, I briefly review three conceptual/philosophical issues that relate to psychiatric genetics: i) why do people become much more concerned in learning about possible genetic influences on personality or risk for depression than genes that influence risk for cancer, atherosclerosis or asthma? ii) how have the results of research in behavioral/Psychiatric Genetics impacted on the sense of Parental Responsibility for psychiatric illness in their offspring.To watch Dr. Kendler’s presentation, please see the "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3261606556062804269&hl=en

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences