jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prioritized optimal server side bandwidth allocation in a multimedia session with push and pull sources

A multimedia presentation consists of a set of media with different characteristics (push/ pull nature), different delivery mechanisms, and different priority or importance for the overall effect of the presentation. We propose a scheme where the server can dynamically allocate bandwidth to various media data, so that the overall bandwidth for the presentation will be constant equal to the client bandwidth. Such a real-time bandwidth allocation will improve the user perceived quality of service. Apart from our innovative concept of reallocation of bandwidth between push and pull media based on their discrete or continuous nature, we present a mathematical formulation, which allows the bandwidth allocation considering the distortion and the delay.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence, mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment

This review summarizes the current literature on cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with a focus on prevalence, mechanisms, and possible interventions for CRCI in those who receive adjuvant chemotherapy for non-central nervous system tumours and is primarily focused on breast cancer. CRCI is characterized as deficits in areas of cognition including memory, attention, concentration, and executive function. Development of CRCI can impair quality of life and impact treatment decisions. CRCI is highly prevalent; these problems can be detected in up to 30% of patients prior to chemotherapy, up to 75% of patients report some form of CRCI during treatment, and CRCI is still present in up to 35% of patients many years following completion of treatment. While the trajectory of CRCI is becoming better understood, the mechanisms underlying the development of CRCI are still obscure; however, host characteristics, immune dysfunction, neural toxicity, and genetics may play key roles in the development and trajectory of CRCI. Intervention research is limited, though strategies to maintain function are being studied with promising preliminary findings. This review highlights key research being conducted in these areas, both in patient populations and in animals, which will ultimately result in better understanding and effective treatments for CRCI.

Topic: Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advances in seed conservation of wild plant species: a review of recent research

Seed banking is now widely used for the ex situ conservation of wild plant species. Many seed banks that conserve wild species broadly follow international genebank guidelines for seed collection, processing, storage, and management. However, over the last 10–20 years, problems and knowledge gaps have been identified, which have led to more focused seed conservation research on diverse species. For example, there is now greater ecogeographic understanding of seed storage behaviour and of the relative longevity of orthodox seeds, and we are therefore able to predict which species should be conserved using cryostorage techniques; seed development studies have identified when seeds should be harvested for maximal tolerance of desiccation and longevity in storage, as well as highlighting how seed development can vary between species; and there is now a wealth of literature on the dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of wild species which, as well as enabling better management of accessions, will also mean that their use in restoration, species reintroduction, or for evaluation for other applications is possible. Future research may be focused, for example, on nursery and plant production systems for wild plant species that maximize genetic diversity, so that introduced seeds and plant materials have the resilience to cope with future environmental stresses.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design and implementation of a large integrated crossbar switch for a 256 x 256 x 8 interconnection network

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.

Topic: Interconnection Networks and Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization, Localization, Essentiality, and High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Glucosamine 6-Phosphate <i>N</i> -Acetyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT A gene predicted to encode Trypanosoma brucei glucosamine 6-phosphate N -acetyltransferase ( TbGNA1 ; EC 2.3.1.4) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . The recombinant protein was enzymatically active, and its high-resolution crystal structure was obtained at 1.86 Å. Endogenous TbGNA1 protein was localized to the peroxisome-like microbody, the glycosome. A bloodstream-form T. brucei GNA1 conditional null mutant was constructed and shown to be unable to sustain growth in vitro under nonpermissive conditions, demonstrating that there are no metabolic or nutritional routes to UDP-GlcNAc other than via GlcNAc-6-phosphate. Analysis of the protein glycosylation phenotype of the TbGNA1 mutant under nonpermissive conditions revealed that poly- N -acetyllactosamine structures were greatly reduced in the parasite and that the glycosylation profile of the principal parasite surface coat component, the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), was modified. The significance of results and the potential of TbGNA1 as a novel drug target for African sleeping sickness are discussed.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a Duplex Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Two Erwinia Species

Fire blight and black shoot blight are two major bacterial diseases that affect apple and pear production in Korea and are caused by Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae, respectively. These diseases have recently reached epidemic levels, heightening the risk of coinfection within orchards and even individual trees. Traditional detection methods often fail to distinguish between these pathogens due to their similar characteristics and disease symptoms creating an urgent need for improved detection tools. In this study, we developed a novel droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technique that specifically quantifies E. amylovora, with a detection range of 103 to 107 cfu/ml for cell culture templates and copies/ml for genomic DNA templates. The ddPCR platform is equipped with two fluorescence channels (FAM and HEX/VIC) and was further applied to develop a duplex ddPCR method for the simultaneous detection and absolute quantification of both pathogens. The method was tested on mixed DNA and cell cultures of E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae and successfully quantified both pathogens within a single reaction. Moreover, duplex ddPCR effectively identified both pathogens in fruits artificially inoculated with various bacterial mixtures. This study provides valuable insights for addressing the cooccurrence of Erwinia diseases in orchards and offers a promising approach for precise diagnosis in plant disease management.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy and tolerability of a single-pill combination of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide 80/25 mg in Chinese and Korean patients with moderate to severe hypertension: a subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial.

In Chinese and Korean patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension, treatment with T80/H25 provided large reductions in mean SBP and DBP, and high BP goal attainment rates. This once-daily combination is effective and well tolerated in this patient group.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Little Review on Leptogenesis

This is a brief review on the scenario of baryogenesis through leptogenesis. Leptogenesis is an appealing scenario that may relate the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe to the low-energy neutrino data. In this review talk, particular emphasis is put on recent developments on the field, such as the flavourdynamics of leptogenesis and resonant leptogenesis near the electroweak phase transition. It is illustrated how these recent developments enable the modelling of phenomenologically predictive scenarios that can directly be tested at the LHC and indirectly in low-energy experiments of lepton-number and lepton-flavour violation.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (L.S.D.) on Size Constancy

1. An experiment of size constancy has been carried out on 18 volunteers who took 35 gamma of L.S.D. 2. The subjects served as their own controls. 3. The effect of L.S.D. was an increase of the variability of performance of each individual.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Downregulation of miR-199b is associated with distant metastasis in colorectal cancer via activation of SIRT1 and inhibition of CREB/KISS1 signaling

The progression of distant metastasis cascade is a multistep and complicated process, frequently leading to a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, by comparing the miRNA expression profiles of CRC tissues and corresponding hepatic metastasis tissues, we established the downregulation of miR-199b in CRC metastasis tissues. The decrease in miR-199b expression was significantly correlated to late TNM stage and distant metastasis. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that CRC patients with high expression level of miR-199b had a longer median survival. Functional assays results indicated that the restoration of miR-199b considerably reduced cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, and increased the sensitivity to 5-FU and oxaliplatin. Further dual-luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that SIRT1 was the direct target of miR-199b in CRC. The expression of miR-199b was inversely correlated with SIRT1 in CRC specimens. SIRT1 knockdown produced effects on biological behavior that were similar to those of miR-199b overexpression. Furthermore, through Human Tumor Metastasis PCR Array we discovered KISS1 was one of the downstream targets of SIRT1. Silencing of SIRT1 upregulated KISS1 expression by enhancing the acetylation of the transcription factor CREB. The latter was further activated via binding to the promoter of KISS1 to induce transcription. Thus, we concluded that miR-199b regulates SIRT1/CREB/KISS1 signaling pathway and might serve as a prognosis marker or a novel therapeutic target for patients with CRC.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exosomes – Structure, Biogenesis and Biological Role in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Many different cells produce and release membraneous microvesicles ( MV ) or exosomes into their microenvironment. Exosomes represent a specific subtype of secreted derived vesicles which are defined as homogenous vesicles of 30–100 nm lined by a lipid bilayer, which contain a specific set of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. There are clear evidences that they serve as important biological signals messengers and carriers in physiological as well as in pathological processes. Those derived from tumours (tumour‐derived exosomes, TD ‐exosomes) function as protumourigenic factors that can mediate intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment and also contribute to cancer progression. The main functions of exosomes in the cancer microenvironment include the following: promotion of primary cancer growth, stimulation of angiogenesis, activation of stromal fibroblasts, sculpting the cancer ECM , generation of a premetastatic niche and suppression of host immune response. Exosomes have recently emerged as potentially promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. This article is a summary of information about the structure and origin of exosomes and also indicates the importance of exosomes and micro RNA s in lung cancer. The role of exosomes in NSCLC is little known, and its explanation requires thorough research.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Energy transfer dynamics in isolated and colliding highly vibrationally excited molecules. Technical report, November 1991-October 1994

The flow of energy in molecules, either isolated or colliding, is fundamental to complex phenomena occurring in atmospheric chemistry, combustion, molecular lasers, plasmas, and a host of other environments containing energetic species. The authors have developed, proven, and applied a technique that combines vibrational overtone excitation, to prepare highly vibrationally excited initial states, and time-resolved spectroscopic detection, to probe the evolution of the prepared state, for studying energy transfer in vibrationally energized molecules. Their experiments on acetylene have demonstrated the power of this approach for learning about otherwise inaccessible vibrations in electronically excited molecules, for determining the pathways of intramolecular energy transfer in isolated molecules, and for measuring fully state-resolved rotational and vibrational energy transfer rates in collisions.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Table_4_A Genome-Wide Association Study Coupled With a Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Loci and Candidate Genes Governing the Flowering Time in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).XLSX

&lt;p&gt;The transition to flowering at the right time is very important for adapting to local conditions and maximizing alfalfa yield. However, the understanding of the genetic basis of the alfalfa flowering time remains limited. There are few reliable genes or markers for selection, which hinders progress in genetic research and molecular breeding of this trait in alfalfa. We sequenced 220 alfalfa cultivars and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 875,023 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The phenotypic analysis showed that the breeding status and geographical origin strongly influenced the alfalfa flowering time. Our GWAS revealed 63 loci significantly related to the flowering time. Ninety-five candidate genes were detected at these SNP loci within 40 kb (20 kb up- and downstream). Thirty-six percent of the candidate genes are involved in development and pollen tube growth, indicating that these genes are key genetic mechanisms of alfalfa growth and development. The transcriptomic analysis showed that 1,924, 2,405, and 3,779 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated across the three growth stages, while 1,651, 2,613, and 4,730 DEGs were downregulated across the stages. Combining the results of our GWAS and transcriptome analysis, in total, 38 candidate genes (7 differentially expressed during the bud stage, 13 differentially expressed during the initial flowering stage, and 18 differentially expressed during the full flowering stage) were identified. Two SNPs located in the upstream region of the Msa0888690 gene (which is involved in isop renoids) were significantly related to flowering. The two significant SNPs within the upstream region of Msa0888690 existed as four different haplotypes in this panel. The genes identified in this study represent a series of candidate targets for further research investigating the alfalfa flowering time and could be used for alfalfa molecular breeding.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phase-plane analysis of passively mode-locked dye lasers

A simplified model is presented of passively mode-locked dye lasers with self-phase modulation and group-velocity dispersion. The model treats pulse width and chirp as dynamical variables and follows their evolution in a pulse-width-chirp phase plane as they approach steady state. The model allows the separate dynamical effects of pulse shortening, pulse broadening, chirp buildup, and chirp decay to be examined in detail.

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Harnessing the value of data for the poor

Recognizes that the value of data for development is largely untapped and that the challenge is to develop a trust environment to safeguard against harmful misuse of data as they are exchanged between parties and enables data to be created, reused, and repurposed. Brazil provides an example of how traditional population-based surveys provided data on the prevalence of COVID-19. Data can be linked to development through three pathways for its use: (1) by governments and international organizations, (2) by civil society to monitor government policies, and (3) by private firms in the production process. In each pathway, risk of negative impacts has fomented demand for a new social contract around data. Legal and regulatory provisions should be developed separately to safeguard personal and nonpersonal data. An integrated national data system (INDS) is needed to deliver high-quality data and to make data open in a way that it is both protected and accessible to be shared and reused by all stakeholders.

Topic: Income, Poverty, and Inequality
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Learning Citywide Patterns of Life from Trajectory Monitoring

The recent proliferation of real-world human mobility datasets has catalyzed geospatial and transportation research in trajectory prediction, demand forecasting, travel time estimation, and anomaly detection. However, these datasets also enable, more broadly, a descriptive analysis of intricate systems of human mobility. We formally define patterns of life analysis as a natural, explainable extension of online unsupervised anomaly detection, where we not only monitor a data stream for anomalies but also explicitly extract normal patterns over time. To learn patterns of life, we adapt Grow When Required (GWR) episodic memory from research in computational biology and neurorobotics to a new domain of geospatial analysis. This biologically-inspired neural network, related to self-organizing maps (SOM), constructs a set of "memories" or prototype traffic patterns incrementally as it iterates over the GPS stream. It then compares each new observation to its prior experiences, inducing an online, unsupervised clustering and anomaly detection on the data. We mine patterns-of-interest from the Porto taxi dataset, including both major public holidays and newly-discovered transportation anomalies, such as festivals and concerts which, to our knowledge, have not been previously acknowledged or reported in prior work. We anticipate that the capability to incrementally learn normal and abnormal road transportation behavior will be useful in many domains, including smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and urban planning and management.

Topic: Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mortality from suicide among people living with HIV and the general Swiss population: 1988‐2017

Abstract Introduction In many countries, mortality due to suicide is higher among people living with HIV than in the general population. We aimed to analyse trends in suicide mortality before and after the introduction of triple combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and to identify risk factors associated with death from suicide in Switzerland. Methods We analysed data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from the pre‐cART (1988‐1995), earlier cART (1996‐2008) and later cART (2009‐2017) eras. We used multivariable Cox regression to assess risk factors for death due to suicide in the ART era and computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) to compare mortality rates due to suicide among persons living with HIV with the general population living in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss National Cohort. Results and Discussion We included 20,136 persons living with HIV, of whom 204 (1.0%) died by suicide. In men, SMRs for suicide declined from 12.9 (95% CI 10.4‐16.0) in the pre‐cART era to 2.4 (95% CI 1.2‐5.1) in the earlier cART and 3.1 (95% CI 2.3‐4.3) in the later cART era. In women, the corresponding ratios declined from 14.2 (95% CI 7.9‐25.7) to 10.2 (3.8‐27.1) and to 3.3 (95% CI 1.5‐7.4). Factors associated with death due to suicide included gender (adjusted hazard ratio 0.58 (95% CI 0.38‐0.87) comparing women with men), nationality (1.95 (95% CI 1.34‐2.83) comparing Swiss with other), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical stage (0.33 (95% CI 0.24‐0.46) comparing stage A with C), transmission group (2.64 (95% CI 1.71‐4.09) for injection drug use and 2.10 (95% CI 1.36‐3.24) for sex between men compared to other), and mental health (2.32 (95% CI 1.71‐3.14) for a history of psychiatric treatment vs. no history). There was no association with age. Conclusions Suicide rates have decreased substantially among people living with HIV in the last three decades but have remained about three times higher than in the general population since the introduction of cART. Continued emphasis on suicide prevention among men and women living with HIV is important.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A RESECTED CASE OF JUVENILE GASTRIC CANCER CAUSING PERFORATION DURING THE COURSE OF THE OBSERVATION OF PREGNANCY AND AN OVARIAN TUMOR

We experienced a resected case of gastric cancer causing perforation during observation of the course of pregnancy and an ovarian tumor in a young woman. A 29-year-old woman with 9 week gestation who was under observation for Meigs syndrome was admitted to the hospital because of upper abdominal pain. Imaging examinations revealed free air and collection of a large quantity of ascites in the abdomen. The patient was diagnosed as perforation of peptic ulcer and was operated on. During operation perforative gastric cancer and metastasis to the ovary (Krukenberg tumor) were seen. Subtotal gastrectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, and curettage of the uterus were performed. The resected specimen revealed a 1.5×1.5cm perforated portion in the posterior wall of the angular notch and the right ovary was 9×8×4cm in size. Histologically there were tumor cells (signet ring cells) at the margin of the perforated portion and metastasized lesions in the bilateral ovaries. The patient was discharged from the hospital one month after the operation and received chemotherapy and radiotherapy on an ambulant basis, but died 9 months after the operation.

Topic: Metastasis and carcinoma case studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences