jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytotechnical parameters and yield of watermelon plants under different irrigation and nitrogen levels

Water and nitrogen availability are fundamental for obtaining a high yield of the watermelon plant. However, the appropriate levels of irrigation and nitrogen to be applied according to specific cultivation conditions should be previously determined. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels in fertigation on the phytotechnical parameters and yield of the Top Gun hybrid watermelon plant. The experiment was conducted at São Luiz Ranch, in Bom Jesus (PI), from August 4 to October 15, 2015. The blocks in strips experimental design was used with four repetitions, and the treatments consisted of five irrigation depths (114.17, 156.86, 221.16, 268.87, and 317.09 mm) and five doses of nitrogen in fertigation (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). The growth rate of the main and primary branches, leaf area, specific leaf area, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part, number of fruits, and commercial production per plant were evaluated. Both hydric and nutritional stress caused decreased growth rates, leaf areas, and specific leaf areas, and the highest growth expressions were found with the combination of a 317.09 mm irrigation depth and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The irrigation depths did not influence the diameter of the stem nor the accumulation of dry mass. Nitrogen doses did not influence the number of fruits and production. The 247.95 mm irrigation depth promoted the highest commercial fruit production of the watermelon plant.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The formation of groups for regional flood frequency analysis

Abstract A new technique is developed for identifying groups for regional flood frequency analysis. The technique uses a clustering algorithm as a starting point for partitioning the collection of catchments. The groups formed using the clustering algorithm are subsequently revised to improve the regional characteristics based on three requirements that are defined for effective groups. The result is overlapping groups that can be used to estimate extreme flow quantiles for gauged or ungauged catchments. The technique is applied to a collection of catchments from India and the results indicate that regions with the desired characteristics can be identified using the technique. The use of the groups for estimating extreme flow quantiles is demonstrated for three example sites.

Topic: Hydrology and Drought Analysis
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Carbenoid Mediated Cyclizations. Part 4. Synthetic Approaches to Oxepanes Related to Zoapatanol.

Abstract The relatively complex model oxepane (III) is successfully prepared by cyclization of the diazo alcohol (II) according to A).

Topic: Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Magnetic and Superconducting Properties of the Heterogeneous Layered Structures V/Fe0.7V0.3/V/Fe0.7V0.3/Nb and Nb/Ni0.65(0.81)Cu0.35(0.19)

The heterogeneous ferromagnetic–superconducting layered heterostructures V/Fe0.7V0.3/V/Fe0.7V0.3/Nb and Nb/Ni0.65(0.81)Cu0.35(0.19), which contain magnetic clusters and ferromagnetic domains, are studied. The magnetic and superconducting properties of the structures depend on the magnetic-layer thickness, the magnetic field, and the time elapsed from structure preparation. We detected the interaction of clusters with a domain structure, diamagnetism and magnetization reversal of the magnetic layer during the superconducting transition in a ferromagnetic–superconducting heterostructure, and a superconducting transition in the magnetic layer. The magnetic and resistive properties of the heterostructures changed in several weeks and months.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interaction between Wnt/β-catenin pathway, dental materials and dentine formation.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway participates in various physiological processes. The bind of Wnt ligand to Frizzled and LRP5/6 receptors promotes the signal transduction, ensuring an elevate concentration of β-catenin in the cytosol that migrates to the nucleus, interacting with transcription factors. Its abnormal regulation leads to early dysfunctional events. The degradation of β-catenin is regulated by GSK3β and CK1α interactions, and several proteins modulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway such as lithium, Dkk1 and indirubin isomers. The aim of this study is to review the scientific knowledge in order to highlight the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in response to dental biomaterials for reparative dentine formation following tooth damage, by triggering the natural process of dentinogenesis. Wnt activation via GSK-3 inhibitor drugs increases dentine secretion, although Wnt inhibition does not impair dentine secretion. Moreover, the interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin with dental materials and the effect on pulp was detected. Recently, odontogenic/osteogenic gene expression in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured with various concentrations of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was evaluated and differentiation of hDPSCs induced by MTA extract and mediated by pathway was observed. Furthermore, pulp injury caused by resinous monomers with or without the presence of GSK-3 inhibitor Lithium was assessed, indicating the activation of Wnt signaling after exposure to TEGDMA and a cumulative effect with the co-treatment with Lithium. In conclusion, the development of a concept of biological repair based on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dentin formation seems to offer a new translational approach into development of future treatments.

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantitative proteomics profiling of the poly(ADP-ribose)-related response to genotoxic stress

Upon DNA damage induction, DNA-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize an anionic poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) scaffold to which several proteins bind with the subsequent formation of pADPr-associated multiprotein complexes. We have used a combination of affinity-purification methods and proteomics approaches to isolate these complexes and assess protein dynamics with respect to pADPr metabolism. As a first approach, we developed a substrate trapping strategy by which we demonstrate that a catalytically inactive Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) mutant can act as a physiologically selective bait for the isolation of specific pADPr-binding proteins through its macrodomain-like domain. In addition to antibody-mediated affinity-purification methods, we used a pADPr macrodomain affinity resin to recover pADPr-binding proteins and their complexes. Second, we designed a time course experiment to explore the changes in the composition of pADPr-containing multiprotein complexes in response to alkylating DNA damage-mediated PARP activation. Spectral count clustering based on GeLC-MS/MS analysis was complemented with further analyses using high precision quantitative proteomics through isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)- and Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics. Here, we present a valuable resource in the interpretation of systems biology of the DNA damage response network in the context of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and provide a basis for subsequent investigations of pADPr-binding protein candidates.

Topic: PARP inhibition in cancer therapy
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aggregate behavior and lumped kinetics of many reactions in backmixed and plug‐flow reactors

Abstract The long‐time behavior of a reaction mixture containing infinitely many species in isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) is analyzed and contrasted with that in a plug‐flow reactor (PFR). The reaction kinetics considered are irreversible first‐order, irreversible coupled pseudo first‐order, and reversible first‐order. Asymptotic lumped kinetics for the mixture as a whole are developed as a function of feed properties and reactor type. Such lumped kinetics in many cases are of the power law form, with the exponent for a CSTR being lower than that for a PFR. Conditions under which non‐power‐law kinetics arise are given. Due to the wide spread of reactor residence times, the mixture in CSTRs admits a much richer variety of asymptotic possibilities than in the PFR. The results uncover some behavioral differences and relationships between CSTRs and a PFR for converting complex mixtures such as petroleum distillates or coal liquids.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
(Re)presenting the creative potential of learning plans

Field education is central to social work education as it is here that students bring alive their classroom-based learning through supervised professional practice. An important part of structuring students’ learning on placement is the development of their learning plan. A learning plan links professional activities to be undertaken with learning outcomes to be achieved along with how these are to be assessed within a specific time frame. Whilst the benefits of a well articulated learning plan (sometimes referred to as a learning contract or learning agreement), for structuring teaching and learning on placement (practicum) are generally acknowledged, there is a paucity of research evidence of such benefits in the literature. This article reports on a small qualitative study undertaken with a cohort of fourth year social work students from a Western Australian university, who had completed their final placement. Utilizing a mixed method of textual analysis of student learning plans and focus interviews we sought to understand how students construct and utilise their learning plan in developing their knowledge, skills and values in and for professional practice. Drawing on the findings we conclude with ways to make learning plans a more effective tool for field education placements.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Method of X-ray fluorescence analysis for environmental lead, especially in household dust, using thin-film principles

Environmental lead in a variety of matrices can be determined by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry using thin-film principles. Transfer tape or double-coated adhesive tape is attached to a disc that fits the spectrometer's sample changer and a powdered sample is applied to the tape. Except for direct interferences, matrix effects are absent and the graph of net counts per second per unit mass against concentration is linear and passes through the origin. Using a single reference standard, lead concentration is calculated using the equation [Pb]x=(Cxms/Csmx)[Pbs], where [Pb] is lead concentration, C is net count rate, m is mass and subscripts x and s designate unknown and standard, respectively. A test of the method using Canadian CCRMP reference materials FeR-1 and SY-2, American USGS standard GXR-2 and French ANRT standard VS-N, which cover the range from 85 to 5200 µg g–1 Pb, shows that lead can be determined by this method with an analytical error of 10% relative. Details of the procedure are given and the device for mounting and attaching the adhesive tape and for mounting the sample is shown. A practical application of the method to the determination of lead in household dust at the 540 µg g–1 level with 5% precision for samples weighing about 10 mg is described and it is shown that the method compares favourably with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for 0.5 g samples.

Topic: X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Status,problem and countermeasure of adverse events following Immunization in Shenzhen

Objective To discuss the resolving countermeasure of adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen.Method Using descriptive study to conclude the work of adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen,and to induce the acuity problem.Results To realize resolving adverse events following immunization normatively,it must abide the rules,and work with propriety,and add human resource.It must be step by step.Conclusion Everyone have the same concept,work with propriety,it should be normative and correct to resolve adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vector control of induction motor without shaft encoder

A method of torque control in induction motor drives that requires not shaft encoder is presented. Both the torque control and the speed control are based on vector control. The proposed scheme of vector control is based on the self-control of rotor flux velocity, which is controlled with the torque-producing current and the rotor flux derived from the stator voltages and currents. An improved estimator of the rotor flux is proposed to reduce the influence of motor parameters, making it possible to calculate the rotor flux at standstill. Consequently, the proposed system can be controlled precisely over a wide speed and load range. These features are verified by theoretical examination, experimental results, and a practical application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Sensorless Control of Electric Motors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Uncovering the Dominant Motion Modes of Allosteric\nRegulation Improves Allosteric Site Prediction

Allostery is an important mechanism\nthat biological systems use\nto regulate function at a distant site. Allosteric drugs have attracted\nmuch attention in recent years due to their high specificity and the\npossibility of overcoming existing drug-resistant mutations. However,\nthe discovery of allosteric drugs remains challenging as allosteric\nregulation mechanisms are not clearly understood and allosteric sites\ncannot be accurately predicted. In this study, we analyzed the dominant\nmodes that determine motion correlations between allosteric and orthosteric\nsites using the Gaussian network model and found that motion correlations\nbetween allosteric and orthosteric sites are dominated by either fast\nor slow vibrational modes. This dependence of modes results from the\nrelative locations of the two sites and local secondary structures.\nBased on these analyses, we developed CorrSite2.0 to predict allosteric\nsites by taking the maximum of the Z-scores calculated from using\neither slow or fast modes. The prediction accuracy of CorrSite2.0\noutperformed other commonly used allosteric site prediction methods\nwith prediction accuracy over 90.0%. Our study uncovers the relationship\nof protein structure, dynamics, and allosteric regulation and demonstrates\nthat using the dominant motion modes greatly improves allosteric site\nprediction accuracy. CorrSite2.0 has been integrated into the CavityPlus\nweb server, which can be accessed at http://www.pkumdl.cn/cavityplus. CorrSite2.0 provides a powerful and user-friendly tool for allosteric\ndrug and protein design.

Topic: Protein Structure and Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Encapsulation of Organic Molecules in Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposite Particles for Intracellular Imaging and Drug Delivery

Encapsulation of imaging agents and drugs in calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) has potential as a nontoxic, bioresorbable vehicle for drug delivery to cells and tumors. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate nanoparticle encapsulation system for organic dyes and therapeutic drugs so that advanced fluoresence methods could be used to assess the efficiency of drug delivery and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle bioabsorption. Highly concentrated CPNPs encapsulating a variety of organic fluorophores were successfully synthesized. Well-dispersed CPNPs encapsulating Cy3 amidite exhibited nearly a 5-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield when compared to the free dye in PBS. FCS diffusion data and cell staining were used to show pH-dependent dissolution of the particles and cellular uptake, respectively. Furthermore, an experimental hydrophobic cell growth inhibitor, ceramide, was successfully delivered in vitro to human vascular smooth muscle cells via encapsulation in CPNPs. These studies demonstrate that CPNPs are effective carriers of dyes and drugs for bioimaging and, potentially, for therapeutic intervention.

Topic: Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliability and Mission Profiles of Photovoltaic Systems: A FIDES Approach

Current methods for reliability prediction are based on physics-of-failure approaches. Such is the case of the FIDES methodology that takes into account the times sequences of operation of an electronic assembly. In this paper, the reliability of a dc/dc converter aimed at photovoltaic applications is explored, considering the mission profiles for three different installations sites, at latitudes ranging from N 18.65 to N 32.67. Meteorological data collected in a ten-year time span were available for these sites. The mission profiles were obtained by first dividing the output power provided by a photovoltaic panel into ten levels, and then retrieving the temperature and humidity conditions that concur at each level. The components with the highest contribution to the overall failure rate λ were the diodes, followed by the capacitor at the output. The results indicate that the thermal factor has the largest impact on the failure rate λ, highlighting the importance of efficient heat-management techniques. When the effect of the individual operational phases was assessed, it was also found that those linked to power levels above 70% are responsible of the largest contribution to λ. In the case of the dormant condition, the highest humidity produces the highest failure rate.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Our Corner of the Somme: Australia at Villers-Bretonneux

Before the First World War, Villers-Bretonneux was a lively and flourishing French town dedicated to textiles and agriculture. By the time of the Armistice, it had been largely destroyed, and half its population had fled or died. From March to August 1918, Villers-Bretonneux formed part of an active front line, where Australian troops were heavily involved. As a result, it holds a significant place in Australian history. At the end of the war, Villers-Bretonneux became an open-air memorial to Australia's participation in the First World War. Successive Australian governments have valorised the Australian engagement, contributing to an evolving Anzac narrative that has become entrenched in Australia's national identity. Our Corner of the Somme provides a robust, eye-opening analysis of the memorialisation of Australia's role on the Western Front and the Anzac mythology that so heavily contributes to Australian's understanding of themselves. In this rigorous and richly detailed study, Dr Romain Fathi challenges accepted historiography by examining the assembly, projection and performance of Australia's national identity in northern France. -- Dust jacket flap

Topic: World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Misclassification in defining and diagnosing microcephaly

Background: Several health agencies define microcephaly for surveillance purposes using a single criterion, a percentile or Z-score cut-off for newborn head circumference. This definition, however, conflicts with the reported prevalence of microcephaly even in populations with endemic Zika virus. Objective: We explored possible reasons for this conflict, hypothesising that the definition of microcephaly used in some studies may be incompletely described, lacking the additional clinical criteria that clinicians use to make a formal diagnosis. We also explored the potential for misclassification that can result from differences in these definitions, especially when applying a percentile cut-off definition in the presence of the much lower observed prevalence estimates that we believe to be valid. Methods: We conducted simulations under a theoretical bimodal distribution of head circumference. For different definitions of microcephaly, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity using varying cut-offs of head circumference. We then calculated and plotted the positive predictive value for each of these definitions by prevalence of microcephaly. Results: Simple simulations suggest that if the true prevalence of microcephaly is approximately what is reported in peer-reviewed literature, then relying on cut-off-based definitions may lead to very poor positive predictive value under realistic conditions. Conclusions: While a simple head circumference criterion may be used in practice as a screening or surveillance tool, the definition lacks clarification as to what constitutes true pathological microcephaly and may lead to confusion about the true prevalence of microcephaly in Zika-endemic areas, as well as bias in aetiologic studies.

Topic: Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinico-epidemiological Study on Self-induced Poisoning Caused by Substances Other than Organophosphorus Compound

Background: Though Organophosphorus Compounds (OPC) are mostly used for self-induced poisoning, non- OPC poisoning cases are increasing day by day. This study was done to describe clinical pattern and outcome of poisoning other than OPC.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the Medicine Ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Data were collected in structured case record forms. Total 204 patients (n=204) were included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed with SPSS and expressed as percentage, mean with standard deviation as appropriate.&#x0D; Results: Out of 204 patients, most were female (60.8%). Most of the patients were young, 56.9% patients were unmarried, 60.8% poisoned patients resided in metropolitan area, most were with low educational level, 57.4% patients came from the middle class socioeconomic group, 82.4% patients were poisoned by a single agent and 17.6% by multiple agents. Offending agents were identified in 96.6% cases. Poisoning by drugs was the highest (47.1%) followed by rat killer poisoning (22.5%) poisoning by non-OPC insecticides (6.9%) corrosive poisoning (6.4%) chemical poisoning (3.9%) and alcohol poisoning (1%). Family disharmony was the underlying cause of self-harm in 47.1% cases, financial constraints in 8.3%, social crisis in 7.8%, failure in love affairs in 6.4% and academic failure in 2.5% patients. 14.7% patients poisoned themselves to gain some benefit by the act of self-harm. 81.4% patients were discharged with advice, 2.9% died.&#x0D; Conclusion: Burden of Non-OPC poisoning is high. Outcome is not so fatal as OPC, but the problem has to be addressed in large scale.&#x0D; JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 34-40

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences