jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EBV Activation By Anti-Igg-Triggered, Second Messenger Pathways

The Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Akata, demonstrates prompt and synchronous activation of latent EBV genomes following cross-linking of its membrane immunoglobulin G (mIgG) with anti-IgG (1). In B cells, activation from crosslinkage of mlg is initiated by a mlg-triggered phospholipase C (PLC), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol (PI) to inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (Fig. 1). IP3releases intracellular Ca++which can activate Ca++/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, and DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC) (2). Adenylate cyclase can be activated, yielding cAMP which regulates protein kinase A (PKA). We have examined EBV activation in the Akata cells, the kinetics and synergy of these second messengers and the effect of cAMP, in the context of early antigen (EA) induction after anti-IgG crosslinking of mIgG (3).

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reducing Morbidity in the Radial Forearm Flap Donor Site

The radial forearm flap, although widely used, has been criticized for the poor quality of its donor site. To investigate the causes of morbidity, 100 radial artery free-flap donor sites have been reviewed. Sixty-seven patients required skin grafting (group 1), and the remaining 33 patients were closed directly (group 2). Seventeen patients in the series had compound osteocutaneous flaps (group 3). Wound healing proved to be a significant problem in groups 1 and 3, and fracture of the radius occurred in 4 of the 17 patients in group 3 and was the most significant cause of morbidity. The radial artery was reconstructed in 12 patients, but only 6 of the arteries (50 percent) were patent at the time of review. Subjective assessment on a scale of 0 to 10 demonstrated a relatively pain-free donor site with low pain scores (2.5 of 10). The cosmetic result was acceptable in men (1.5 of 10) but was less so in women (4 of 10). Angulated fracture of the radius produced an unacceptable cosmetic result (7 of 10). In light of this experience, we no longer reconstruct the radial artery as a matter of routine. The donor defect is closed directly wherever possible using an ulnar artery-based transposition flap when required. A "boat shaped" osteotomy is used in preference to right-angled bone cuts when harvesting a segment of radius to avoid the complications and sequelae of fracture. These changes in surgical technique have improved the acceptability and minimized the problems associated with this donor site.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Religion as Story

This collection of essays on the relationship between story and religion, was originally published by Harper & Row in 1975. Six unique perspectives were selected for inclusion: philosophy of religion, theology of culture, biblical history, psychology, history, and religion and literature. Each essay corresponds to its author's experience of stories, and each indicates the way in which our thinking is being informed and transformed by encounters with stories.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Critical role of NF-κB in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and in spite of intense efforts there are limited therapeutic options for patients with PDAC. PDACs harbor a high frequency of Kras mutations and other driver mutations that lead to altered signaling pathways and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Importantly, constitutive activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is frequently observed in PDAC. An increasing body of evidence suggests that both classical and non-classical NF-κB pathways play a crucial role in PDAC development and progression. In this review, we update the most recent advances regarding different aspects of NF-κB involvement in PDAC development and progression, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target and the need to discover pathway-specific cytosolic NF-κB regulators which could be used to design novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC.

Topic: NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of H-2 linked genes in helper T-cell function. IV. Importance of T-cell genotype and host environment in I-region and Ir gene expression

We have studied the properties of helper T cells specific for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or poly-L- (Tyr,Glu)-poly-DL-Ala-poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-A--L]. These T cells differentiated and were primed in vivo in irradiation chimeras constructed of various combinations of F1 and parental bone marrow donors and irradiated recipients. Primed T cells were then tested for helper activity in the in vitro response of B cells and macrophages (Mphi) of parental or F1 origin to the hapten trinitrophenol coupled to the priming antigen. When testing either SRBC or KLH-specific T cells of parental H-2 type which had differentiated in F1 hosts, we found that they cooperated equally well with B cells and Mphi of either parental H-2 type. On the other hand, when testing F1 T cells which had differentiated in parental hosts, we found that they cooperated well only with B cells and Mphi which had the K-IA region type of the parental host. In similar experiments we found that (T,G)-A--L-specific T cells of low responder H-2 type which had differentiated in (high responder X low responder) F1 hosts induced high responses in high responder B cells and Mphi (T,G)-A--L-specific F1 T cells which differentiated in high responder but not those which differentiated in low responder hosts induced high responses in high responder B cells and Mphi. Low responder B cells and Mphi yielded low responses in all cases regardless of the source of (T,G)-A--L-specific T cells with what they were tested. Our results support the conclusion that I-region and Ir genes function via their expression in B cells and Mphi and in the host environment during helper T-cell differentiation, but not, at least under the conditions of these experiments, via their expression in the helper T cell itself. These findings place constraints upon models which attempt to explain the apparent dual recognition of antigen and I-region gene products by helper T cells.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Physicians who use substances: what does it look like and what to do about it?

Substance use disorders in physicians is a serious problem of the medical community and public health. The prevalence of substance use disorders depends on gender, age and medical specialty. The substance abuse impairs physical and mental health of physicians and affects the quality of patient care. Treatment of chemically addicted physicians involves the use of conventional therapeutic approaches adopted in addiction medicine, but requires compliance with certain special principles.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Periodic trends in metal–metal bonding in cubane clusters, (C5H5)4M4E4 [M = Cr, Mo, E = O, S]

Trends in structure and bonding in a series of metal cubane clusters are examined using broken-symmetry density functional theory. For the metal–sulfur clusters, (C5H5)4Mo4S4 and (C5H5)4Cr4S4, the twelve cluster valence electrons are delocalised in six metal–metal single bonds, giving an approximately tetrahedral metal core. In (C5H5)4Cr4O4, however, no strong Cr–Cr bonds are present, and three cluster valence electrons remain localised on each of the chromium centres. Antiferromagnetic coupling across four of the six edges of the tetrahedron, and ferromagnetic coupling across the remaining two give rise to a spin-singlet ground state and a distinct rhombic distortion. The driving force for the distortion is only 12 kJ mol–1, and consequently inter- and intra-molecular steric effects may play a major role in determining the structure of the cluster in the solid state. Both chromium clusters have low-lying excited states in which the bonding pattern is completely reversed, with six Cr–Cr bonds present in (C5H5)4Cr4O4 but none in (C5H5)4Cr4S4. In each case the excited state lies less than 45 kJ mol–1 above the ground state, despite the fact that a substantial structural rearrangement is involved. Changes in metal–metal bond strength and spin polarisation energy are found to contribute approximately equally to the periodic trend towards electron localisation in the chromium clusters.

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Categorical Moral Requirements

This paper defends the doctrine that moral requirements are categorical in nature. My point of departure is John McDowell’s 1978 essay, “Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?”, in which McDowell argues, against Philippa Foot, that moral reasons are not conditional upon agents’ desires and are, in a certain sense, inescapable. After expounding McDowell’s view, exploring his idea that moral requirements “silence” other considerations and discussing its particularist ethos, I address an objection that moral reasons, as McDowell conceives them, are fundamentally incomplete in ways only a full-bloodedly Kantian appeal to pure practical reason can remedy. I conclude that the objection fails: ordinary moral reasons do not stand in need of a grounding in Reason. There is no prospect of deriving them from a supreme principle of morality or other canons of rationality. Ordinary reasons are sufficient in themselves, though their significance can be elucidated and illuminated by various strategies — some broadly Aristotelian, some drawing inspiration from Kant’s formula of humanity — in ways that can strengthen and vindicate them. Notwithstanding the failure of the objection, I conclude by reflecting on how Kantian insights can yet play a significant role in a McDowellian view of moral deliberation and moral education.

Topic: Philosophical Ethics and Theory
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Production, Cost, and Soil Compaction Estimates for Two Western Juniper Extraction Systems

Abstract Harvesting trials were performed during the winter and spring of 2003–2004 in central Oregon to compare the costs, production rates, and soil compaction impacts of two systems for harvesting western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis). The two systems compared were a conventional system consisting of manual felling, delimbing, and bucking using a chainsaw and skidding logs with a rubber-tired grapple skidder and a mechanical system that used a feller-buncher, a rubber-tired grapple skidder to skid whole trees, and a stroke-boom delimber. Stump to deck harvesting costs ranged from $32.15 to $49.48/ton for the conventional system and from $60.07 to $63.11/ton for the mechanical system. A limited trial was conducted with the mechanical system that merchandized fence posts as well as sawlogs. When fence posts were produced also, stump to deck costs were reduced to $31.56/ton. Soil compaction was measured pre- and postharvest using a soil penetrometer. Paired t-tests showed a statistically significant difference between harvested sites and nonharvested sites at depths of 2 and 4 in. (P = 0.032 and 0.001, respectively) but no difference between harvest systems. West. J. Appl. For. 21(4):185–194.

Topic: Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Discovery of Electrophiles and Profiling of Enzyme Cofactors

Abstract Reverse‐polarity activity‐based protein profiling (RP‐ABPP) is a chemical proteomics approach that uses nucleophilic probes amenable to “click” chemistry deployed into living cells in culture to capture, immunoprecipitate, and identify protein‐bound electrophiles. RP‐ABPP is used to characterize the structure and function of reactive electrophilic post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and the proteins harboring them, which may uncover unknown or novel functions. RP‐ABPP has demonstrated utility as a versatile method to monitor the metabolic regulation of electrophilic cofactors, using a pyruvoyl cofactor in S ‐adenosyl‐ L ‐methionine decarboxylase (AMD1), and to discover novel types of electrophilic modifications on proteins in human cells, such as the glyoxylyl modification on secernin‐3 (SCRN3). These cofactors cannot be predicted by sequence, and therefore this area is relatively undeveloped. RP‐ABPP is the only global, unbiased approach to discover such electrophiles. Here, we describe the utility of these experiments and provide a detailed protocol for de novo discovery, quantitation, and global profiling of electrophilic functionality of proteins. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1 : Identification and quantification of probe‐reactive proteins Basic Protocol 2 : Characterization of the site of probe labeling Basic Protocol 3 : Determination and quantitation of electrophile structure

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Asset management improvement design in state university

The process of asset management in university are not utilized best practice of information system. Many processes were still done manually and not integrated automatically to the system. Furthermore, the existing system was not ideally applied and causes it to run improperly, which obstructs its implementation. The purpose of this research is to solve asset management problems faced by universities using business process re-engineering to gain significant improvements of many procedures by reduction of time. The process of managing assets and repairs mapped and analyzed using unified modeling language (UML). There are 3 alternatives process improvement and 2 scenarios in each asset management procedures. The result of this observation are new design process simulated using iGrafx to examine the proposed refinement process. By using time as the main parameter, the results of the simulation study showed a procedure time reduction in Procedure of Routine Consumable Goods/Stationary by 8.40%, Procedures of Maintenance and Repair Facility by 10.68%, Procedures of Registration/Recognition and Report Public University Assets by 10.73%, Procedure of Removal Assets Owned by Universities by 34.72%, and Work Instructions for Asset Stock taking in Public University by 27.97%.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Rock magnetic study of basalt at Lonar impact crater in India:Effect of stress waves on rock magnetic properties

Magnetic anomaly data provide valuable information on size and morphology of buried impact craters. An understanding of how stress waves change magnetic properties of rock is critical for correct interpretation of magnetic data. Although previous studies demonstrated effects of strong shock on magnetic properties of rocks beneath impact craters, effects of relatively weak shock for those of rocks in crater wall have been poorly studied. In this context, we investigated shock effects on magnetic properties through studies of experimentally impacted basaltic andesite, and basalt from natural impact crater (Lonar crater). An initial peak pressure of 5 GPa was generated in a block of basaltic andesite containing Ti-rich titanomagnetite with the impact of a cylindrical projectile. Effects of decaying stress waves on magnetic properties were subsequently quantified. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) was partially but significantly demagnetized at peak pressures higher than 1 GPa. Highcoercivity part of NRM, even higher than 80 mT, was partially demagnetized. At higher pressure (3-5 GPa), low-field magnetic susceptibility was significantly reduced and coercivity was increased, probably due to increased internal stress. Different patterns of change in anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) were observed at different distance from the impacted surface. In highpressure range (>3 GPa), the anisotropy degree was increased, the minimum susceptibility was oriented toward the shock direction, and the average susceptibility was decreased. This feature is consistent with the result of a previous shock experiment. The initial orientations of AMS were however significantly changed at around 0.4-3 GPa; The maximum susceptibility was induced parallel to the shock direction, and superposed on the initial AMS. This kind of changes in the AMS parameters has been never reported. Basalt samples were collected from flows in the crater wall, ejecta clasts, and flow outside the rim of Lonar crater. Irreversible thermomagnetic curves

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The State and Industrial Restructuring: A Comparison of the Aerospace Industry in Indonesia and Singapore

The small aerospace industry of Southeast Asia has been growing rapidly, principally in Indonesia and Singapore. The measures adopted to promote the industry in these two countries could hardly be more different. The Indonesian Government has accorded high priority to full-scale assembly and manufacture of aircraft, aided by large state subsidies and a heavily protectionist trade regime. By contrast, the Singa pore strategy has been to develop the island as an aviation support centre, emphasiz ing in particular the service-related activities deriving from the country's location and its competitive outward-looking commercial sector. These alternative approaches are examined and their relative merits assessed.

Topic: Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Dietary Prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora, Body Composition, Haematological and Blood Serum Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles

The present study investigated the effects of prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; activeMOS ® ) on the growth performance, intestinal microflora, body composition, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juvenile (Oncorhynchus mykiss).After acclimation, fish (1.67±0.006g) were allocated into 12 tanks (25 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed a control diet or diets containing 1, 2.5 and 4.0 g MOS kgG 1 .At the end of trial (60 days), blood samples were collected from caudal vein of 48 apparently healthy fish.Result showed that in level of 1 g MOS kgG 1 acquired final weight, Body Weight Increase (BWI), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly higher than the other experimental groups (p<0.05).The highest and the lowest growth performances were observed in 1 g MOS kgG 1 and control, respectively.The fish fed with 1 g MOS kgG 1 had highest but not significant (p>0.05)intestinal lactic acid bacterial count.By increasing the supplementation level of MOS, the content of crude protein increased (p<0.05).The result showed no significant differences in serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) activity, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein among treatments (p>0.05) but levels of lymphocyte in the group fed 1 g MOS kgG 1 was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).Also, a non significant elevation of White Blood Cell (WBC), haematocrit, hemoglobin and eosinophil levels was found in the fish fed diet 1.0 g MOS kgG 1 (p>0.05).The results indicated that dietary administration of mannan oligosaccharide at the level of 1 g kgG 1 can positively influence the growth performance, intestinal microflora, body composition and some blood parameters of juvenile rainbow trout.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Our Good Work’ or ‘the Devil's Work'? Inequality, Exchange, and Card Playing among the <scp>G</scp>ende

Abstract This paper looks at Gende card playing and its responsiveness to a varied history of economic downturns and upswings, along with its multifaceted and creative uses. Card gambling has a role as a parallel exchange system that continues to help the G ende sustain their community by providing a means for less wealthy players to increase their incomes, and acting as a platform for prospect‐poor bachelors to display their self‐control and mastery in card games involving both skill and luck. Such capabilities have encouraged the flow of wealth and kept the traditional reciprocal exchange system active in the face of both inequality and uncertainty. Today, while social gambling continues, more aggressive and acquisitive forms of card playing are disrupting the public peace in villages that are now the site of large‐scale mining activity and extreme inequality. Mine workers and their families, and returning migrants with aspirations of receiving landowner compensation from the mines, are challenged and challenging others in card games in efforts to keep their salaries for their own ends or to live off gambling income while awaiting land royalties. Both past and present card playing have generated discourse over the morality of different game strategies over the years.

Topic: Anthropological Studies and Insights
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cigarette smoking related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon—DNA adducts in peripheral mononuclear cells

Studies on cigarette smoking related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon—DNA adducts in blood have produced conflicting results. To determine whether a subset of specific white blood cells is a useful marker for monitoring exposure to cigarette smoke, blood was obtained from 63 heavy smokers and 27 non-smokers. Adduct levels were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a polyclonal antiserum recognizing benzo[a]pyrene and structurally related diolepoxide—DNA adducts. Analysis of the lymphocyte plus monocyte fraction from smokers indicated 70% had detectable adducts with a mean of 4.38 ± 4.29 adducts/108 nucleotides, while in non-smokers the corresponding values were 22% and 1.35 ± 0.78/108 (P < 0.001). Plasma cotinine levels differed significantly in smokers (286 ± 90 μg/l) compared to non-smokers (4.4 ± 3.3 μg/l) (P < 0.001). However, cotinine was not correlated with self-reported smoking history in these heavy smokers. Nor were DNA adducts in smokers correlated with cigarettes per day, pack-years and plasma cotinine, indicating large interindividual variation in DNA adduct formation. These data demonstrate lymphocytes plus monocytes from smokers have elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diolepoxide—DNA adduct levels compared to non-smokers.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences