jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interesterification of fat blends containing high oleic oils: Physical properties and dialkyl‐ketones formation assessment

Abstract In view of the nutritional disadvantages of partial hydrogenation (production of unhealthy trans fats) interesterification (IE) has emerged to produce suitable fats for trans‐free formulations that have improved physicochemical properties. In this context, both chemical (CIE) and enzymatic (EIE) interesterification techniques can be used. However, it has been found that CIE technology may produce process‐related by‐products known as dialkyl‐ketones (DAK). The current study aims at investigating the formation of DAK during IE. Therefore, five edible oils and fats were selected based on their potential use in IE: Elaeis Guineensis palm stearin (POSt), high oleic palm stearin (HOPSt), palm kernel stearin (PKSt), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and high oleic palm oil (HOPO). The investigated blends were divided into HOPO‐based blends (POSt:HOPO 50:50, PKSt:HOPO 50:50, HOPSt:HOPO 50:50 and 30:70 wt:wt%) and HOSO‐based blends (POSt:HOSO 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 wt:wt%). They were all subjected to both CIE (using sodium methoxide) and EIE (using TLIM lipase as catalyst); analyses of physical properties and determination of DAK content were performed before and after IE. This study demonstrates that DAK were not formed during the EIE process regardless of the investigated matrix, whereas they were produced during CIE, and that they require sufficient rearrangement of triglycerides (TAG) to be formed. It has also been shown that unsaturated fatty acids are more prone to form DAK regardless of the fat matrix. However, there is no linear relationship between the amount of DAK and the amount of unsaturated fat in the matrix.

Topic: Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on the seasonal characteristics of infectious diseases in Jinan,2004-2012

Objective To analyze the characteristics of seasonal distribution of common infectious diseases in Jinan. Methods The concentration ratio and the circular distribution were used for the analysis of seasonality of infectious diseases. Results Japanese encephalitis and influenza A had strong seasonal features. There was obvious seasonality in the prevalence of measles, dysentery and HFMD. Whooping cough and brucellosis had certain seasonality. Tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria, meningitis and other infectious diseases had poor seasonality. Conclusion Each infectious disease has different characteristics of seasonal distribution, so the specific and effective measures of prevention and control should be taken with reference to their characteristics.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Behavioral Modification on Psychological Condition of Elementary School Teachers in Surabaya during Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of behavioral modification on psychological wellbeing of elementary teachers of West Surabaya duringCovid 19 pandemic. The psychological condition was measured through Perceived Stress Scale (developed by Cohen et al, 1983). Thirty elementary teachers participated in this study. The design of this study was same subject pretest posttest group design. The psychological condition was measured through Perceived Stress Scale which consisted of 10 question. After that they were treated with knowledge of stress coping, day to day hygienic life, social distancing, better food choice, different types of physical exercise, online teaching and learning.One month later, the teachers took the Perceived Stress Scaleonce again. Data analysis showed that normality test of pretest p=.107 and posttest p=.179, so parametric statistics could be applied. Paired sample T test showed p=.036&lt;.05, so there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest of teachers’ psychological conditions meaning that their psychological wellbeing is better after treatment.

Topic: Student Stress and Coping
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Phenotypic characterization of two-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) germplasm conserved in Osman Tosun Genebank of Türkiye by multivariate analysis model

Abstract Barley is a crucial cereal crop with a diverse genetic heritage that includes landraces-traditionally cultivated variants that have adapted to varying agro-climatic conditions over centuries. Preserving barley landraces in genebanks is of utmost importance for safeguarding genetic diversity and aiding future breeding endeavors. This study aims an agro-morphological characterization of a selected collection of two row barley landraces conserved in the Osman Tosun Genebank. A total of 262 barley accessions were assessed in controlled field conditions to analyze various agro-morphological traits. The study unveiled notable disparities in the morphological traits of the genotypes, specifically in flag leaf anthocyanin, flag leaf sheath wax, spike shape, spike density, lemma color, grain color, lodging tendency, days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, spikelet quantity, and thousand grain weight, among other critical agronomical characteristics. To scrutinize the morphological disparities, the research utilized principal component analysis and ascertained that nearly 77.22% of the overall variance was accounted for by the first two principal components. The first four principal components accounted for 90.96% of the total variation, thus indicating significant genetic diversity among genotypes. The results of the cluster analysis revealed the presence of diverse genetic resources within the collection, with distinct groups of genotypes exhibiting similar traits being identified. The results of the agro-morphological characterization are a valuable resource for researchers and breeders, aiding them in making informed decisions regarding the management and application of barley landraces in breeding programs.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Models and Methods for Investigation of Reverberations in Nonlinear Ultrasound Imaging

Models and methods for investigation of reverberations in nonlinear imaging techniques are presented in this thesis. Four independent papers provide insight on nonlinear propagation effects, a theoretical description of reverberations and the effects of reverberations on conventional and second-harmonic ultrasound imaging. Two papers, Paper A and C, describe methods used to investigate nonlinear distortion and reverberations, whereas Paper B and D concentrate on acoustic phenomena and performance of conventional and second-harmonic imaging.\n\nPaper A provides a comparison of Field II, the Texas code and Abersim; three freely available simulation tools. If analytic solutions exist, these are used as gold standards for the comparison, and when they do not; high resolution Field II or Texas code simulations are defined to be the gold standard. The comparison suggests that Abersim performs equivalent or better than the two other methods in solving diffraction, attenuation and nonlinear distortion.\n\nIn Paper B, the effects of transmit beamforming and safety regulations on second-harmonic generation at two different frequencies are investigated. The safety regulations are imposed through a limitation of the maximum mechanical index of the transmit beam. Abersim is used as the simulation tool. The results suggest that the two frequencies perform equivalently when the transmit beamforming is equal in terms of wavelengths and the medium has a linear-in-frequency attenuation. Nonlinear frequency dependent attenuation and heterogeneous effects are suggested to be the main cause of the reduced improvements of second-harmonic imaging at higher frequencies.\n\nPaper C presents a time-domain Spectral Element Method for nonlinear propagation in a finite spatial domain. The method is shown to perform well when compared with analytic plane wave solutions and in a two-dimensional comparison with Abersim. The Spectral Element Method is suggested to be accurate for heterogeneous media, but this is not investigated or verified.\n\nThe last paper concentrate on reverberations. A mathematical description of reverberations is presented along with a classification system. The main results state that reverberations always act in reciprocal pairs, and that secondharmonic suppression of reverberations is a combined effect of transmit beam intensity and a reverberation weight filter presented in the paper.\n\nThe thesis provides insight on the description of reverberations and how they can be investigated. The influence of reverberations on ultrasound imaging is suggested to be more severe in applications where the object of interest is fully submerged in heterogeneous tissue. Deeper understanding of ultrasound acoustics may lead to new nonlinear imaging techniques where the noise contribution can be separated from the first-order echo. In turn, this might provide better gray scale images and ultrasound diagnoses.

Topic: Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advanced maternal age leads to changes within the insulin/IGF system and lipid metabolism in the reproductive tract and preimplantation embryo: insights from the rabbit model

Abstract Reproductive potential in women declines with age. The impact of ageing on embryo–maternal interactions is still unclear. Rabbits were used as a reproductive model to investigate maternal age-related alterations in reproductive organs and embryos on Day 6 of pregnancy. Blood, ovaries, endometrium, and blastocysts from young (16–20 weeks) and advanced maternal age phase (&amp;gt;108 weeks, old) rabbits were analysed at the mRNA and protein levels to investigate the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, lipid metabolism, and stress defence system. Older rabbits had lower numbers of embryos at Day 6 of pregnancy. Plasma insulin and IGF levels were reduced, which was accompanied by paracrine regulation of IGFs and their receptors in ovaries and endometrium. Embryos adapted to hormonal changes as indicated by reduced embryonic IGF1 and 2 levels. Aged reproductive organs increased energy generation from the degradation of fatty acids, leading to higher oxidative stress. Stress markers, including catalase, superoxide dismutase 2, and receptor for advanced glycation end products were elevated in ovaries and endometrium from aged rabbits. Embryonic fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation were increased in both embryonic compartments (embryoblast and trophoblast) in old rabbits, associated with minor changes in the oxidative and glycative stress defence systems. In summary, the insulin/IGF system, lipid metabolism, and stress defence were dysregulated in reproductive tissues of older rabbits, which is consistent with changes in embryonic metabolism and stress defence. These data highlight the crucial influence of maternal age on uterine adaptability and embryo development.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genotyping and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated Form Kareish Cheese and Minced Meat in Egypt

Enterococcus species are recognized as a major etiological agents of nosocomial infections which worldwide distribution, commonly isolated from different food sources as meats and milk products.So, this study was conducted for detection of Enterococcus spp., from (50 kareish cheese and 50 minced meat) from Menofia governorate, Egypt.The results revealed 90 and 60% of samples were positive for Enterococcus spp.and Enterococcus faecalis was the most isolated strain 37 (82.22%) and 23 (76.67%) from kareish cheese and minced meat, respectively.Enterococcus faecalis isolates were tested for haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm formation.The isolates were confirmed by PCR using specific primer for ddl gene.Also PCR was applied for detection of virulence determinants as E. faecalis surface proteins (esp), collagen-binding protein (ace), EF3314 and cylA genes among E. faecalis isolates.The result concluded that, EF3314 was the most predominant virulence gene followed by esp gene and ace among isolates from minced meat and kareish cheese.In contrast, none of the isolates exhibited haemolytic phenotype encoded (cylA) gene.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rate constants for the reaction of hydroperoxyl radicals with hydroperoxyl radicals, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, trans-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene at 300 K

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate constants for the reaction of hydroperoxyl radicals with hydroperoxyl radicals, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, trans-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene at 300 KRichard A. Graham, Arthur M. Winer, Roger. Atkinson, and James N. PittsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 12, 1563–1567Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100475a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100475a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>CYP2B6</i>Genotype Does Not Alter Nicotine Metabolism, Plasma Levels, or Abstinence with Nicotine Replacement Therapy

CYP2A6 metabolically inactivates nicotine to cotinine and further metabolizes cotinine to 3-hydroxycotinine ([1][1], [2][2]). Genetically slow CYP2A6 activity reduces the rate of nicotine metabolism ([3][3]), reduces the 3′- trans -hydroxycotinine/cotinine (3HCOT/COT) ratio (a phenotypic measure

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN GUM ARABIC PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of resource utilization among gum Arabic farmers in Yobe State of Nigeria; towards determining the parameters that could promote the commercialization of the crop in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty gum Arabic farmers were selected by multi-staged random sampling from six local government areas, and structured questionnaires were administered to obtain data for the study. The data collected included farm size, cost of farm tools, cost of labour, yield of gum Arabic, total revenue from gum Arabic; and socio-economic variables such as age, marital status, family size and educational level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgeting technique and production function analysis. Results indicated that gross income, gross margin and net farm income per hectare of N 30,000.00 (US Dollar 187.50), N 20,980.00 (US Dollar 131.13) and N 19,430.00 (US Dollar 121.44) were realized. Return to labour and naira investment were 3.08 and 1.84 respectively. Results also indicated that farm size, cost of farm tools, hired labour, family labour and transport cost were used within the rational zone but not at optimal levels.

Topic: Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Theological “Magna Charta” of Confessional Lutheranism

The breakup of Western Christendom in the sixteenth century gained momentum when an academic theologian called into question the theology of the church in his day. Martin Luther wanted to discuss theology when he posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517. In the ensuing years, Luther and the “Lutherans” were forced to forge their theology in the heat of an intensely polemical and conflict-ridden environment. They responded to the theological issues raised by their opponents, as well as to the real pastoral concerns of the emerging evangelical church in Protestant lands.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Virtual Remediation Versus Methylphenidate to Improve Distractibility in Children With ADHD: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Objective: Virtual environments have been used to assess children with ADHD but have never been tested as therapeutic tools. We tested a new virtual classroom cognitive remediation program to improve symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 51 children with ADHD (7-11 years) were assigned to a virtual cognitive remediation group, a methylphenidate group, or a psychotherapy group. All children were evaluated before and after therapy with an ADHD Rating Scale, a Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and a virtual classroom task. Results: After therapy by virtual remediation, children exhibited significantly higher numbers of correct hits on the virtual classroom and CPT. These improvements were equivalent to those observed with methylphenidate treatment. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time that a cognitive remediation program delivered in a virtual classroom reduces distractibility in children with ADHD and could replace methylphenidate treatment in specific cases.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating Falls and Rehabilitation Use in Older Wheelchair Users from the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Abstract Falling is a serious health concern among older wheelchair users as falling may result in functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Researchers have examined prevention strategies of falls. However, little is known about the prevalence of falls and rehabilitation service use among wheelchair users over age 65. We analyzed a population-based data set – the National Health and Aging Trends Study– to describe trends over time of wheelchair use among older adults who completed a sample interview in this study; we further identified 417 community-dwelling older wheelchair users in wave 5, described prevalence of falls and rehabilitation service use among them and investigated indicators of fall-related rehabilitation service utilization using multinomial logistic regression. The results indicated that there was an increasing trend of wheelchair use from 2011 (7.2%) to 2019 (10.6%). Falling was a common problem (56.1%); however, only 12.1% received rehabilitation service addressing the problem of falls. Around half of rehabilitation service users reported that their functioning improved, but the effect was not lasting. Age (74-79 years old: odds ratio [OR] =2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.33; 80-84 years old: OR= 2.93, 95% CI, 1.19-7.25) and balance or coordination problem (OR= 4.70, 95% CI, 1.84-12.06) were associated with receiving fall-related rehabilitation. These data suggest that we need to understand more about the underuse of the rehabilitation services, ensure that older wheelchair users are equally utilizing the services to prevent falling and improve the long-lasting effect of the services.

Topic: Spinal Cord Injury Research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Early Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in BACTEC Cultures by Ligase Chain Reaction

ABSTRACT The LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligase chain reaction system (Abbott Diagnostic Division, Abbott Park, Ill.) was used to detect M. tuberculosis in 150 consecutive BACTEC vials on the day on which a positive growth index (GI) was recorded. By LCx, M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in BACTEC vials on average 2.6 days before the presence of acid-fast bacilli could be confirmed by microscopic examination. A total of 106 of 108 M. tuberculosis isolates were detected without centrifugation from bottles presenting very low GIs (average, 70; median, 33). No false-positive result was obtained from nontuberculous mycobacteria or from isolates with contaminants.

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emergence of Metallo-β-Lactamase NDM-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Australia

ABSTRACT A multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate recovered in Australia produced a carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase. Molecular investigations revealed the first identification of the bla NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase gene in that country. In addition, this E. coli isolate expressed the extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15, together with two 16S rRNA methylases, namely, ArmA and RmtB, conferring a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Linear measurement of space-time coupling in ultrashort optical pulses and definition of a degree of spatio-temporal uniformity

Summary form only given. We demonstrate that space-time coupling can be characterized completely using very sensitive linear, time-stationary optics, without requiring complete characterization of the pulse. We also define and calculate a degree of spatio-temporal uniformity to quantify space-time coupling. This should be useful both from a scientific and technical point of view for ultrafast optics.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hormonal, electrolyte disturbances and features of hemostasis in term newborn infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

The article reviews the available data on investigations in the field of electrolyte (calcium, magnesium), hormonal (insulin, leptin) and hemostasis disturbances in term newborns from women with gestational diabetes; possible mechanisms of their development are also highlighted. The review describes changes in blood glucose concentration in term newborns from women with gestational diabetes, and their impact on the child's condition. In addition to already known factors causing macrosomia and other metabolic disorders in term neonates, the role of leptin (peptide hormone that regulates energy metabolism) is quite discussable. Low leptin levels lead to the development of obesity. It is also confirmed, that leptin influences brain development of the newborn, leading to later cognitive deficits in children from women with GDM. The aim of the review is to summarize the available data on investigations in the field of electrolyte (calcium, magnesium), hormonal (insulin, leptin) and hemostasis disturbances in term newborns from women with gestational diabetes.

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences