jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
English literature as a resource for teaching English as a foreign language: The reflections of English language teachers working with sixth graders

The purpose of the present research was to examine English teachers’ experiences of selecting English literature for their English as a foreign language classes for the sixth-grade pupils in Finland. Moreover, the purpose of the research was to discover the views the English language teachers held about literature and what kind of English literature they chose for their pupils in their lessons. In addition, the research examined the purposes and reasons which guided and influenced the English language teachers’ selection of English literature. Furthermore, the research was carried out to ascertain what kind of activities were used based on English literature featured in their teaching. The theoretical framework in the present research was built around foreign language teaching and learning in Finland. In the present research the methodology employed was qualitative, and the gathered data was collected with a semi-structured interview method. The data was gathered in winter 2018 by interviewing five English teachers who taught English in the Finnish primary schools for 12-13-year-old children in the Pirkanmaa area. &#13;\n\t\tThe main research findings conclude that the English teachers viewed literature as a complex entity which was not easily defined due to the digitalisation of the modern society. Moreover, the present research indicated that the teachers viewed English literature as a useful resource in teaching which was selected based on the pupils’ individual needs, interests and motivation towards English and reading English literature. These were considered as the basis for selecting literary texts. In addition, differentiation according to each pupil’s ability was the starting point in supporting the pupils’ individual language development. According to the research results, the main reasons for choosing English literature considered the development of the pupils’ language proficiency. Furthermore, the English teachers chose English literature for the purposes of developing the pupils’ linguistic, social, and emotional skills. In addition to the teachers, family and friends also had an important role in motivating the pupils to read English literature. What is more, the research findings indicated that besides the English language textbook, the English language teachers chose both fictional and non-fictional English language texts covering various literary genres. According to the research findings, activities, such as drama and presentations were linked to the English literature. These activities were used to develop the pupil’s language abilities.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
AutoMM: Energy-Efficient Multi-Data-Type Matrix Multiply Design on Heterogeneous Programmable System-on-Chip

As the increasing complexity of Neural Network(NN) models leads to high demands for computation, AMD introduces a heterogeneous programmable system-on-chip (SoC), i.e., Versal ACAP architectures featured with programmable logic (PL), CPUs, and dedicated AI engines (AIE) ASICs which has a theoretical throughput up to 6.4 TFLOPs for FP32, 25.6 TOPs for INT16 and 102.4 TOPs for INT8. However, the higher level of complexity makes it non-trivial to achieve the theoretical performance even for well-studied applications like matrix-matrix multiply. In this paper, we provide AutoMM, an automatic white-box framework that can systematically generate the design for MM accelerators on Versal which achieves 3.7 TFLOPs, 7.5 TOPs, and 28.2 TOPs for FP32, INT16, and INT8 data type respectively. Our designs are tested on board and achieve gains of 7.20x (FP32), 3.26x (INT16), 6.23x (INT8) energy efficiency than AMD U250 FPGA, 2.32x (FP32) than Nvidia Jetson TX2 GPU, 1.06x (FP32), 1.70x (INT8) than Nvidia A100 GPU.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-level architecture exploration for MPEG4 encoder with custom parameters

this paper proposes the use of a high-level architecture exploration method for different MPEG4 video encoders using different customization parameters. The targeted architecture is a heterogeneous MP-SoC which may include up 2 coarse grain SIMD (task level SIMD) subsystems to perform the computations. The customization parameters are related to video resolution, frame rate, Communication Network, level of parallelism and CPU types. These parameters are determined during the high-level architecture exploration, by estimating the architecture performances at early stages of the design flow. Experiments shows that the error factor of these high-level performances estimations are less than 10% compared to those obtained with final manually implemented RTL architecture. This method was used successfully for exploration of different MPEG4 architecture configurations with different customization parameters. We consider these experiments a break-through because they show how a complex design can be mastered through a set of pragmatic choices.

Topic: Video Coding and Compression Technologies
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
In situ vitrification of mixed wastes: Progress and regulatory status

In situ vitrification (ISV) technology targets mixed wastes in in situ near-surface environments. Federal laws governing toxic substances (TSCA), hazardous waste (RCRA), and abandoned sites (Superfund) create the need for remediation technology and define the required performance characteristics. The need for ISV depends, in part, on the extent of regulation and how well ISV's demonstrated performance characteristics match up with regulatory criteria. The regulatory requirements are easier to identify and meet in short-duration site- and situation-specific applications of the technology than they are simpler in long-term, generalized applications. ISV's ability to treat both inorganics and organics in a single process supports applications for mixed, hazardous, and radioactive sites of moderate depth (20 ft). The durability of the ISV waste form is a major advantage of the technology when demonstrating permanence of a waste management strategy. Achieving depth and vapor containment assurance are issues being addressed as the ISV process is refined for new applications having different processing concerns. Refinements include moveable electrodes and sheet steel as the material for the containment structure. 16 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.

Topic: Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vegetation Parameter Extraction Using Dual Baseline Polarimetric SAR Interferometry Data

For vegetation parameter inversion, the single baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry (POLinSAR) technique, such as the three-stage method and the ESPRIT algorithm, is limited by the observed data with the minimum ground to volume amplitude ration, which effects the estimation of the effective phase center for the vegetation canopy or the surface, and thus results in the underestimated vegetation height. In order to remove this effect of the single baseline inversion techniques in some extend, another baseline POLinSAR data is added on vegetation parameter estimation in this paper, and a dual baseline POLinSAR technique for the extraction of the vegetation parameter is investigated and improved to reduce the dynamic bias for the vegetation parameter estimation. Finally, the simulated data and real data are used to validate this dual baseline technique.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and crystal structure analysis of the magnetic ternary compound Mn2GeTe4

Samples of the ternary phase Mn2GeTe4 were synthesized by direct fusion using the anneal method. X-ray powder diffraction results indicated that this material crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pnma, and unit cell parameters: a = 13.950(2) Å, b = 8.115(1) Å, c = 6.592(1) Å, V = 746.2(2) Å3. The Rietveld refinement converged to the figures of merit Rp = 6.9%, Rwp = 8.6%, Rexp = 5.6% and X2 = 2.4. Mn2GeTe4 is the first telluride of the II2-IV-VI4 family that crystallizes with olivine-type structure.

Topic: Crystal Structures and Properties
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Mediated Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising alternative to conventional treatment, yet systemic delivery of these viruses to tumors remains a major challenge. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with well-established tumor-homing property could serve as a promising systemic delivery tool. We showed that MSCs could be effectively infected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeted oncolytic adenovirus (HCC-oAd) through modification of the virus' fiber domain and that the virus replicated efficiently in the cell carrier. HCC-targeting oAd loaded in MSCs (HCC-oAd/MSC) effectively lysed HCC cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions as a result of the hypoxia responsiveness of HCC-oAd. Importantly, systemically administered HCC-oAd/MSC, which were initially infected with a low viral dose, homed to HCC tumors and resulted in a high level of virion accumulation in the tumors, ultimately leading to potent tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, viral dose reduction and tumor localization of HCC-oAd/MSC prevented the induction of hepatotoxicity by attenuating HCC-oAd hepatic accumulation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MSC-mediated systemic delivery of oAd is a promising strategy for achieving synergistic antitumor efficacy with improved safety profiles.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Mesenchymal stem cells enable delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus specifically to the tumor without posing any risk associated with systemic administration of naked virions to the host.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association between constipation and inguinal hernia: a case-control study in an adult population

ABSTRACT Background: Inguinal hernia is the most frequently diagnosed hernia and affects approximately one-third of the male population. Several risk factors have been identified, including advanced age, limited physical activity, smoking, and increased intra-abdominal pressure, among others. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether constipation is a risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Surgery of one hospital in the north of Peru, including 121 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of inguinal hernia as cases and 242 patients without such a diagnosis as controls. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and data were collected through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire that addressed clinical aspects, lifestyles, and the presence of constipation, assessed according to the Rome IV criteria. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the groups of patients with and without inguinal hernia in terms of age, sex, and anthropometric characteristics. In addition, statistically significant associations were found between the presence of an inguinal hernia and type 2 diabetes, smoking, and constipation. A multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, body mass index, high blood pressure, and constipation were significant and independent factors associated with the presence of inguinal hernia. Conclusions: Constipation is a significant risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population. These results support the importance of considering constipation as a risk factor in the evaluation and management of patients with inguinal hernia, highlighting the relevance of adequate clinical care in this group of patients.

Topic: Hernia repair and management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Spectropolarimetric Comparison of the Type II-Plateau Supernovae SN 2008bk and SN 2004dj

The Type II-Plateau supernova (SN II-P) SN 2004dj was the first SN II-P for which spectropolarimetry data were obtained with fine temporal sampling before, during, and after the fall off of the photometric plateau -- the point that marks the transition from the photospheric to the nebular phase in SNe II-P. Unpolarized during the plateau, SN 2004dj showed a dramatic spike in polarization during the descent off of the plateau, and then exhibited a smooth polarization decline over the next two hundred days. This behavior was interpreted by Leonard et al. (2006) as evidence for a strongly non-spherical explosion mechanism that had imprinted asphericity only in the innermost ejecta. In this brief report, we compare nine similarly well-sampled epochs of spectropolarimetry of the Type II-P SN 2008bk to those of SN 2004dj. In contrast to SN 2004dj, SN 2008bk became polarized well before the end of the plateau and also retained a nearly constant level of polarization through the early nebular phase. Curiously, although the onset and persistence of polarization differ between the two objects, the detailed spectropolarimetric characteristics at the epochs of recorded maximum polarization for the two objects are extremely similar, feature by feature. We briefly interpret the data in light of non-Local-Thermodynamic Equilibrium, time-dependent radiative-transfer simulations specifically crafted for SN II-P ejecta.

Topic: Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Seemann Spectrograph

EVER since the discovery of the deflection of X-rays within the atomic structure of crystals, X-ray spectroscopy has developed to a remarkable degree. Among the various methods of spectroscopy which have been developed by many investigators, Seemann's pin-hole camera method has been of especial value, not only because of its general application to roentgen-ray spectroscopy but also in the determination of dosages in X-ray therapy. Since I have had some experience in the use of this spectrometer it is my purpose to offer a brief description of the instrument and its use. Detailed information regarding this spectrograph can be found in the numerous publications by Seemann himself. A diagram and photograph of the Seemann spectrograph are given in Figure 1, the photograph showing the smaller type of spectograph usually used in the treatment room. The X-rays from the tube are so directed as to strike a rock salt crystal contained in the lead glass tube, E. Within the atomic structure of the crystal the X-rays are deflected according to their wave lengths and their angles of incidence by a slit diaphragm formed by a sharp lead wedge. In a fixed position this slit permits rays of only one wave length to pass. Thus by turning the crystal around the axis, D, which governs the position of the slit, only such rays as have corresponding angles of incidence can pass the slit. Each of these different rays falls on a different part of a photographic film in the lead-protected container, A, after it has passed through the tube, B. A clockwork driving mechanism, C, oscillates the instrument, the range of movement being controlled by the curve arrangement, RU. By means of two sights, V and W, and the set screws S1 and S2 the instrument is adjusted and focused. Diaphragms with any kind of filter, either solid or liquid, can be passed into the path of the rays through slits provided for this purpose. Various conditions govern the time of exposure, which may be from 5 to 60 minutes. In Figure 2, seven spectra made with the Seemann spectrograph are shown, Nos. 1, 5 and 6 having been made by Dr. Seemann from rays from German transformers, the remainder being made from rays from a tube operated by American machines. These spectra show, superimposed upon the well-known heterogeneous continuous spectra, the characteristic homogeneous rays, Kβ and Kα lines, first and second order of a tungsten resp. platinum and tantalum target, as indicated in the description of each spectrum. These spectra may be practically employed for the determination of the minimum wave lengths and by means of the Planck-Einstein formula, together with a superimposed Ångstrom unit scale, the corresponding voltage of the tube may be determined to an accuracy of within about 5 per cent. This application of the Ångstrom scale is shown in Spectra III and IV.

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hemolytic Streptococcus Toxins and Antitoxins

Abstract Veldee stated that the use of a toxin prepared from the NY-5 strain of the hemolytic streptococcus in his rabbit ear method of testing was preferable to the use of toxins from other sources for determining the neutralizing value of antitoxins for therapeutic use. We have followed this suggestion for some time, employing a NY-5 toxin for test purposes and also for the production of antitoxin in horses. In May, 1932 we discovered that, although our antitoxin gave satisfactory neutralization values when tested against our own toxin, it failed to do so on titration with standard toxin obtained from the National Institute of Health. This was decidedly at variance with our earlier experience, for previously our antitoxins had neutralized both our own and National Institute toxins equally well. This finding led us to obtain transplants of the NY-5 strains from the National Institute of Health and from the Bureau of Laboratories of the New York State Department of Health. These cultures, designated N.I.H. and D 165 respectively were obtained in the fall of 1932. Our NY-5 stock culture had been sent us by Dr. A. R. Dochez in January, 1925 and is carried as P.H.D.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diplotriaena, Serratospiculum, and Serratospiculoides

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History Host Range and Distribution Etiology Epizootiology Clinical Signs Pathology Diagnosis Public and Domestic Animal Health Concerns Wildlife Population Impacts Treatment and Control Disclaimer Acknowledgments Literature Cited

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Arbitrary phase shift of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit on a short time scale

We present an experimental technique to better control the phase of an electron charge qubit, formed by a GaAs double quantum dot. A standard non-adiabatic gate pulse is used to generate the qubit rotation around the x-axis of the Bloch sphere. To gain good control of the z-rotation (the phase) on a short time scale, a fast 130 ps tipping pulse is superimposed on the non-adiabatic pulse. The two-axis gate operation is exhibited in the composite pulse excited qubit evolution spectrum. We demonstrate that the dynamic phase can be varied continuously from 0 to by varying the amplitude of the tipping pulse. The understanding of the spectrum is validated through simulation of the von Neumann equation.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Human Genetics, Psychotropic Drugs, and Acts of Violence

From the start of the use of psychoactive prescription medications in the 1950s, physicians reported paradoxical adverse reactions, ranging from newly developing depressions to an increase in existing mood disorders, and extremely violent and bizarre acts of suicide and homicide. In this research, it is hypothesized that the pharmacological properties of the prescribed drugs or the interaction between the drugs and the enzymes that are primarily responsible for their metabolism (cytochrome P450s) could cause these reactions. Given that acts of violence could be medication-induced, the role of the rate of drug metabolism is discussed. Genetic testing of certain CYP450s could be helpful in preventing the emergence of acts of violence. Genotyping is a powerful tool in determining metabolic rates, but there are complicating issues, e.g., substrate specificity, enzyme promiscuity, unreliability of the probe used for phenotesting, phenoconversion, heterogeneity of CYP450 enzyme activity in different organs, and altered sensitivity to inhibition. The best way to estimate the possible metabolic rate is by combining genotyping, phenotyping, and therapeutic drug monitoring, in addition to carefully observing and listening to the patient.\nIn this dissertation, three cases studies are presented in which the combination of variant alleles and psychoactive medication may have led to extreme acts of violence. In addition, a comparative study of violent offenders versus a control group indicates four risk factors for developing an altered emotional state which can develop into acts of violence:\n• More than 4 variant alleles for CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.\n• Three or more prescription medications, especially when an antidepressant or other psychoactive medication is prescribed.\n• An intermediate phenotype for CYP3A4.\n• Fluctuating levels of psychoactive medication in the blood.\nThe guidelines set by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) do not apply in cases of polypharmacy or when there is more than one-drug-one gene interaction involved. An easy-to-use protocol is described that could be used in general practice by prescribing physicians to reduce the risk of dangerous side effects.

Topic: Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 211039: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Global Optimization Methods for the Aerodynamic Shape Design of Transonic Cascades

Two global optimization algorithms, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA), have been applied to the aerodynamic shape optimization of transonic cascades; the objective being the redesign of an existing turbomachine airfoil to improve its performance by minimizing the total pressure loss while satisfying a number of constraints. This is accomplished by modifying the blade camber line; keeping the same blade thickness distribution, mass flow rate and the same flow turning. The objective is calculated based on an Euler solver and the blade camber line is represented with non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). The SA and GA methods were first assessed for known test functions and their performance in optimizing the blade shape for minimum loss is then demonstrated on a transonic turbine cascade where it is shown to produce a significant reduction in total pressure loss by eliminating the passage shock. 1.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences