jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Postlicensure Safety Surveillance for Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) recombinant vaccine was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006 for use in females aged 9 to 26 years. Within 1 month after licensure, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the vaccine for routine vaccination of girls aged 11 to 12 years. Clinical trials conducted before licensure in more than 21,000 women reported no significant differences in the incidence of solicited systemic clinical adverse events after immunization (AEFIs) between the vaccine group (59%) and the placebo group (60%). Similar rates of serious AEFIs were also found in the 2 groups. This study summarized data for AEFIs reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for females who had received qHPV within 2.5 years after licensure. VAERS reports were classified as serious according to the FDA regulatory definition of a serious AEFI. Separate analyses for individual adverse events were based on prelicensure safety data, public attention to reported AEFIs, and identification of AEFIs of unusual severity. To detect disproportionality in reporting (occurrence more frequent than expected), the empirical Bayesian geometric mean method and the proportional reporting ratio were used. The primary outcome measures were frequency of AEFIs, reported rates per 100,000 doses of distributed vaccine or per person-years at risk and comparison with expected background rates. During the study period, 12,424 reports of AEFIs following qHPV distribution were received by VAERS; this represents a rate of 53.9 reports per 100,000 doses distributed. Of the 12,424 reports, 772 (6.2%) were serious, including 32 reports of death. Reporting rates per 100,000 vaccine doses distributed were as follows: 8.2 for syncope, 7.5 for local site reactions, 6.8 for dizziness, 5.0 for nausea, 4.1 for headache, 3.1 for hypersensitivity reactions, 2.6 for urticaria, 0.2 for venous thromboembolic events, autoimmune disorders, and Guillain- Barré syndrome, 0.1 for anaphylaxis and death, 0.04 for transverse myelitis and pancreatitis, and 0.009 for motor neuron disease. There was disproportional reporting of syncope and venous thromboembolic events among the AEFIs. These findings show that AEFI rates were no greater than the background rates for most patients receiving qHPV in the 2.5 years after licensing, However, disproportional reporting was found for 2 AEFIs, syncope and venous thromboembolic events.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chaper 3 The East India Company: Non-State Actor as Treaty-Maker

Non-State Actors and International Obligations examines the contribution and relevance of non-state actors in the creation and implementation of international obligations. These actors have traditionally been marginalised within international law and ambiguities remain over their precise role. Nonetheless, they have become increasingly important in legal regimes as participants in their implementation and enforcement, and as potential holders of duties themselves. Chapters from academics and practitioners investigate different aspects of this relationship, including the sources of obligations, their implementation, human rights aspects, dispute settlement, responsibility and legal accountability.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Coding and Noncoding Genes Involved in Atrophy and Compensatory Muscle Growth in Nile Tilapia

Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Acetylation of erythrocytic membrane peptides by aspirin

Acetylation of erythrocytic membranes by aspirin has not been reported. When erythrocytes or erythrocytic membranes are incubated with [acetyl‐ 14 C]aspirin, there is good evidence of very tight binding to membrane peptides in concentrations known to occur in vivo , 20 to 200 µM. No such evidence is observed with [carboxy‐ 14 C] aspirin. This indicates acetylation of membrane peptides. Although pronounced selectivity is not observed among the different peptides by gel filtration on Bio‐Gel A‐5M and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, there is overall saturation with a half‐maximum at about 10 mM. The clinical significance of acetylation of membrane peptides of erythrocytes is unclear.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High Frequency of IMP-6 among Clinical Isolates of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Japan

Carbapenems are the most potent agents for treating infections by Gram-negative bacteria due to their stability with respect to the majority of β-lactamases and their high rate of penetration through the bacterial outer membranes. However, there have been increasing reports of Gram-negative

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Elements of Trust

A COMMON NOTION… –The notion of trust is widely used in everyday language. Interpersonal relationships – be it friendship or romance – are in great part based on mutual trust. When parties enter into a legal relationship, they will have to trust each other at least to certain extent. While contracts can be used to ensure that all parties will duly carry out their responsibilities under such a legal relationship, it is clear that most parties like to avoid having to turn to the contract and potential litigation as a means of enforcing performance. When new services are introduced – such as e-commerce services or a new social media platform –one of the core questions potential users face is whether they trust the underlying service provider. The matter of trust has especially become important in the era of so-called Big Data, where service providers maintain a myriad of their users’ personal data. The same is true for virtual currency services. As noted in the previous chapter, one driver behind the development of cryptocurrencies was distrust in traditional financial system market players – such as banks. In the case of cryptocurrencies, the decentralized blockchain technology provides cryptographic proof of its operations, rather than requiring users to trust one particular party. In turn, cryptocurrencies do require their users to trust the underlying technology. Such trust may not come automatically, as it has already been proven that the blockchain technology could be abused. As a result, cryptocurrencies – and virtual currencies at large –will have to prove worthy of their users’ trust. Trust, in other words, is imperative yet must be earned.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effects of Hairy Vetch Application on Soybean Yield and Soil Physico-chemical Properties Under Different Soil Textures

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an important green manure crop which decomposes rapidly in soil and releases significant amount of nitrogen to subsequent crops. The incorporation of hairy vetch also contributes to organic matter accumulation and improvement of soil structure. However, appropriate management techniques for soybean production using hairy vetch have not been well studied yet. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hairy vetch on the soil physico-chemical properties and soybean yield in different soil textures. The experimental soils were classified as clay loam, loam, sandy loam and sand. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soils of different texture at three different rates before sowing of soybean. The amount of incorporated hairy vetch was calculated from the nitrogen content of the biomass which were equivalent to 50, 100, and 150% of the recommended N fertilization rate for soybean, respectively. The growth and yield of soybean in hairy vetch plots were higher than those in conventional plot in clay loam and sand, but they were similar in loam and sandy loam. Soybean yields in clay loam and sand increased along with increase of incorporated hairy vetch biomass. Addition of hairy vetch resulted in increased available P and decreased pH in all soils except loam. Hairy vetch plot showed increased soil water content at 5-10 cm depth in sand, which possibly affects the water availability to plant. In clay loam soil treated with hairy vetch, water content increased at 0-5 cm depth and decreased at 5-10 cm depth compared with conventional plot. This study shows that application of hairy vetch green manure improves soybean yield through the alteration of the soil physical property such as water holding capacity and permeability, especially in very coarse or fine-textured soils. Soybean yield responses to hairy vetch N under different soil textures. (a) : clay loam, (b) : sand.

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MBE grown GaInNAs solar cells for multijunction applications

Triple-junction cells composed of III-V materials currently hold the world record for photovoltaic efficiency. In order to further increase cell efficiency in the future 4- and 5-junction cells incorporating a sub-cell with a bandgap of roughly 1.0 eV will be required. In this study 1.0 eV bandgap GaInNAs devices grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy are investigated in terms of materials quality and device performance that show similar or better properties to the best MOVPE grown devices found in the literature. Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements illustrate that the trap concentrations in the GaInNAs material are significantly lower than that of MOVPE grown material. The internal quantum efficiency (43%), open-circuit voltage (450 mV), short-circuit current density (25.76 mA/cm/sup 2/) and fill-factor (56.4%) of the GaInNAs devices under 1-sun power density 1064 nm radiation are similar to or surpass the properties of the best MOVPE GaInNAs devices found in the literature.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lichenicolous fungi from the Holarctic. Part V

Endococcus collematis is reported for the first time for Asia and Russia. Xenonectriella physciacearum and X. zimmermanni are reported for the first time for Russia. Sclerococcum zhurbenkoi is recorded for the first time for Asia, North America and the Arctic; the records are based on materials from Norway, Russia, Canada and the USA. A specimen of Xenonectriella cf. physciacearum with unusually long ascospores is briefly described. Distinctive characters of every species with references to previous descriptions and illustrations are provided.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study of performance measurement of safety systems in construction.

In Australia, the measurement of safety performance in the construction industry has mostly been in response to statutory requirements. Consequently, the measures and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used by the industry have invariably focused on outcomes rather than processes. Most of the outcome indicators have tended to give their feedback well after the event therefore failing to identify any weaknesses within the safety management processes. In order to overcome these limitations, two hospital construction projects in New South Wales were selected for an in-depth study and research analysis. The aim of the research was to understand the relationship between management process intervention and management process outcomes for safety in the construction industry. Initially a literature review identifying international practices in performance measurement for safety in construction was conducted so as to review existing safety management processes in partnership with the construction industry representatives. A framework for measuring the performance of safety management processes and related outcomes was developed to stimulate improvement on both projects through the comparison of the performance of the safety management systems and outcomes. This framework was then implemented and established to monitor the performance of the key safety management processes. The successful implementation of the performance measurement framework and the feedback to both stakeholders and subcontractors acted as a good communication tool in creating awareness among subcontractors. It also helped to reduce repetitive hazards, resulting in improved safety outcomes. A statistical analysis found that relatively few injuries were explained by the identified safety hazards. This highlighted the need to look for hazards that were specifically relate to injury occurrence. The research findings identified a method for improving the existing hazard identification process. It is anticipated that such improvements can help to better correlate hazard management processes with the project outcomes for safety in future projects.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
STACKING THE DECK: TEACHING SOCIAL SKILLS TO RETARDED ADULTS WITH A MODIFIED TABLE GAME

This study developed and evaluated a social skills training program for institutionalized mildly or moderately retarded and dually diagnosed individuals. Social skills were conceptualized as requiring an action or reaction within six skill areas: compliments, social interactions, politeness, criticism, social confrontation, and questions/answers. The program taught social skills using a commercially available table game, Sorry , and a specially designed card deck. Each card represented one of the skill areas and was designed to train either an actor or reactor response. The program featured response specific feedback, self‐monitoring, individualized reinforcers, and individualized performance criterion levels. A multiple baseline across two groups (N = 3 per group) revealed that the game contingencies increased social skills in all targeted areas. After training, the subjects displayed their newly learned skills at or above their trained levels in two different settings with novel persons present. Although untargeted, the complexity of the subjects' responses increased across conditions, since there was a steady increase in the number of words they used per response. The program appears to be a viable means of training social skills since it uses standardized training procedures, requires only one facilitator, and is in itself a social situation that may encourage interactions with peers, cooperation, competition, and politeness.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Experiments on the Evaluation of Course Instruction

Two experiments on direct evaluation procedures are described below. The first involved students' judgments of how well they understood well defined terms and concepts presented in a course. The judgments were made anonymously to avoid instructor deprecation of poor performances and specific pressures for grade achievement. It was considered that such responses should reflect permanent aspects of instruction better than responses to less well defined stimuli referring to broad aspects of instructional procedures. In the second experiment, resposnes to short examination-type questions were obtained again under the same conditions of anonymity. In both experiments a simple index was used to assess the merit of instruction and the variability attending the index was assessed. Analysis showed that the index was, in fact, sufficiently sensitive to detect differences due to instruction even though relatively small numbers of students were involved.

Topic: Student Assessment and Feedback
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ten years of sauropod vertebrae!

Amazingly (to me, anyway), SV-POW! is ten years old today. It was on 1st October 2007 that we published&amp;nbsp;Hello world!, our first post, featuring a picture of what may still be our favourite single sauropod vertebra: the ?8th cervical of the Giraffatitan brancai paralectotype MB.R.2181.

Topic: Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
A training guide to promote educational achievement in foster care youth: A curriculum

The plight of foster youth having low graduation scores compared to their peers is a prevalent problem depicted in research for years. Statistics show foster youth as being an at risk-group for completing high school education and leading them to a lower quality of life once emancipated from the foster care system. Foster youth face incarceration, unemployment, lower wages, homelessness and substance abuse once adults, and there is a need for the strengthening of educational achievement in this at-risk population. The need for social workers’ to collaborate with school personnel is a necessary preventative measure to increase the quality of life with foster youth.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Motorists ’ Attitudes to Using ATIS at Highway-Rail Intersections

Highway-Rail Intersections (HRIs) confront urban areas with several safety and congestion problems. The Fargo-Moorhead area for instance, is divided by a major rail line which experiences approximately 70 trains a day. Delays at HRIs of up to 10 minutes can cause traffic problems for many people who either utilize services or work in the downtown area. In addition, the blockage of a rail crossing when a train is present may hinder the effective movement of emergency vehicles. High-cost solutions to separate rail lines from surface roads are infeasible in many areas. However, ITS can offer cost-effective solutions by redirecting traffic away from blocked HRIs. The system would detect a train and estimate approximate delays at affected HRIs. Real-time information may be displayed on electronic signs (such as CMSs). Motorists can then decide whether to continue on their original routes or divert to different routes to avoid the HRIs. The operational and cost effectiveness of the ITS solution will depend on the extent of motorist participation, i.e., percentage of drivers who would change their route. Therefore, a survey was developed to assess motorist attitudes toward delays at HRIs and their acceptance of

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Obstructive sleep apnea: standard management and the use of an artificial saliva in a registry study

Background:The wettability of the oral cavity reduces the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Objective:The modification of OSA symptoms in adults using an artificial saliva (AS).Methods: Open registry study on 60 males suffering from a mild form of OSA.The cases followed a Standard Managenent (SM) consisting mainly of diet and exercise, freely chosing between 2.5 g gel of artificial saliva (SM+AS) or water gel (SM+WG) given twice/day for a period of 4 weeks.One week of run in was requested before any treatment to train subjects and housepartners to measure xerostomia at night and snoring (main variables) together with other OSA symptoms (falling asleep during the day, fatigue, awakness with breath holding, gasping/choking, total OSA score) using ordinal scales.Results: SM+AS reduced xerostomia at night, snoring and the total OSA score in the respective percentages of 80, 63, 60 %, whereas with SM+WG the reduction was limited to 8, 39, 11 % (p< 0.05 for every symptom).Body weight was minimally modified in both groups. Conclusion:In patients with mild OSA, SM+AS reduces many symptoms, particularly, xerostomia at night, snoring and the total OSA score.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
De-noising Algorithm of Modified Thresholding Function Based On the Best Basis of Wavelet Packet

This paper is about on denosing by modified thresholding function based on wavelet packet transform.First, there is a summary of the necessary conditions to construct the thresholding function on the basis of previous studies.And a new function for this method is put forward for wavelet packet denoising.Then,through four kinds of previous representative evolutionary thresholding functions are used for contrast, with the addition of traditional soft and hard threshoulding, all these functions are tested in a simulation experiment via four kinds of typical signals contarminated by different Gaussian white noise.Finally,the results show that the new function can be further remove noise effectively, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which reflects the superiority of conducting the modified thresholding function for wavelet packet signal denoising.

Topic: Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energetic capability characterization for the tidal turbine farm implementation

This paper shows that the optimization of the electrical energy production from a tidal turbine is dependent on the constraints of the site. The Raz Blanchard area is presented as an example. The proposed turbine is based on the 0.55MW Doubly Feed Induction Generator (DFIG) connected to a turbine with a radius of 10m. The proposed model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink software for system simulations. The simulations are done using the tidal current magnitude calculated with a hydrodynamic model. The obtained results are presented and analyzed.

Topic: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences