jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel <i>Salmonella</i> Invasion Locus Homologous to <i>Shigella ipgDE</i>

ABSTRACT Genes essential for Salmonella typhimurium invasion have been localized to Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) on the chromosome. However, it is clear that other genes are required for the invasion process. Mutations that abolish the SPI1 invasion type III secretion system do not significantly reduce invasion into Chinese hamster ovary tissue culture cells. Two invasion defective mutants were isolated by screening 2,500 Tn 10 dTc insertion mutants of S. typhimurium in the tissue culture invasion assay. One of the invasion mutants, SVM167, has an insertion between centisomes 24.5 and 25.5 in an operon homologous to the ipgDEF operon of the Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei virulence plasmid. A second mutant, SVM168, has an insertion in an IS 3 -type element with homology to the Salmonella enteritidis IS 1351 element and Yersinia enterocolitica IS 1400 element from a high-pathogenicity island. Further characterization of SVM167 showed that culture supernatants from this mutant lack a previously uncharacterized protein that is also missing from culture supernatants of a SPI1 mutant, suggesting it can be secreted by the SPI1 type III secretion system. In addition, transcription of this operon, sigDE ( Salmonella invasion gene), is dependent on the presence of sirA , an activator of hilA expression. HilA activates transcription of several of the SPI1 genes but does not appear to have a major role in activation of transcription from the sigDE promoter.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biomechanical Differences Between Able-Bodied Slow Walking and Spinal Cord Injured Individuals Walking in an Overground Robotic Exoskeleton

We welcome the global community of professionals involved in the care of persons in need of prosthetic, orthotic, mobility and assistive devices to the ISPO 18th World Congress! [View Programme Overview in Oxford Abstracts](https://virtual.oxfordabstracts.com/#/e/ispo2021/program) I [View the Abstract Book](https://journals.lww.com/poijournal/toc/2021/12001) | [HowToTreat ISPO Edition](https://360-ot.de/howtotreat/)

Topic: Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reversible SA Nodal Dysfunction

Sinus node dysfunction is a well-known entity since almost a century. However, predominantly considered as a genetic, degenerative or an infiltrative process, its only recently that ischemia as an etiology has come to the forefront. This is a case illustrating reversible SA nodal dysfunction due to ischemia. As soon as occluded RCA was opened the patient recovered sinus rhythm. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship of schema with SA nodal dysfunction and which ones would revert to sinus rhythm on revascularisation.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genomic Features and Construction of Streamlined Genome Chassis of Nisin Z Producer Lactococcus lactis N8

Lactococcus lactis is a commonly used fermenting bacteria in cheese, beverages and meat products. Due to the lack of simplified chassis strains, it has not been widely used in the fields of synthetic biology. Thus, the construction of lactic acid bacteria chassis strains becomes more and more important. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing, annotation and analysis of L. lactis N8. Based on the genome analysis, we found that L. lactis N8 contains two large plasmids, and the function prediction of the plasmids shows that some regions are related to carbohydrate transport/metabolism, multi-stress resistance and amino acid uptake. L. lactis N8 contains a total of seven prophage-related fragments and twelve genomic islands. A gene cluster encoding a hybrid NRPS–PKS system that was found in L. lactis N8 reveals that the strain has the potential to synthesize novel secondary metabolites. Furthermore, we have constructed a simplified genome chassis of L. lactis N8 and achieved the largest amount of deletion of L. lactis so far. Taken together, the present study offers further insights into the function and potential role of L. lactis N8 as a model strain of lactic acid bacteria and lays the foundation for its application in the field of synthetic biology.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lactation induction in Agalactia: A Review of the Ethnomedicinal Use of Raphia Palm Sap and Wine

Background: Agalactia, a common lactation problem in postpartum women and a significant cause of breastfeeding failure, is a public health issue. It is a medical condition that leads to lactation insufficiency or complete failure due to inadequate breast milk production. Pharmacological interventions involve the use of galactogogues such as dopamine antagonists and hormonal therapy. Several medicinal plant extracts have been used to manage many medical conditions, including agalactia. The plant exudates called palm sap and wine obtained from several species of Borassus, Elaeis, Hyphaene, Phoenix, Raphia, Ancistrophyllum, Calamus, Eremospatha, Podococcus, and Sclerosperma are remedies for the management of agalactia in the southern states of Nigeria. This review presents a thorough literature evaluation on research findings on Raphia palm sap and wine and their ethnomedicinal uses as lactation inducers and enhancers of lactogenesis in post-partum and lactating mothers. Methods: Thoroughly crafted queries using an online search of Google Scholar and other bibliographic databases and a careful and rigorous search of published literature were performed using Raphia palm sap and wine ethnomedical uses. Relevant articles were retrieved and used for this review, covering two decades. Review Findings: Empirical evidence from various studies supporting the ethnomedicinal use of palm wine and sap to enhance breast milk flow in post-partum and lactating mothers was widely reported. Experimental studies of the effect of palm wine on the histology of the mammary gland of female Wistar rats showed mammoplastic effects on the postpartum mammary gland and consequently increased the quantity of breastmilk production. Compositionally, there are some similarities between the constituents of breast milk and Raphia palm wine both have basic vitamins and minerals in common, including phosphate, glucose/sugar, potassium, magnesium, calcium, lipids, sodium, chloride, protein, and appear whitish and milky. Raphia palm wine, a piquant drink, was also reported to contain vitamins A, C, E, B1, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, β – ββ-carotene, alcohol, yeast, and water. Conclusion: The ethnomedicinal use of palm sap and wine as a remedy for enhancing lactogenesis in post-partum and lactating mothers is well reported. However, establishing the pharmacological basis to corroborate this position is yet to be elucidated.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
AUA guideline addresses diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria.

The American Urological Association (AUA) has released a guideline to direct physicians and patients during the diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria in adults. Microhematuria is defined as the presence of three or more red blood cells per high-power field on a properly collected urinary specimen.

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Theoretical Calculation of the Cosmological Constant Based on a Mechanical Model of Vacuum

Lord Kelvin believed that the electromagnetic aether must also generate gravity. Presently, we have no methods to determine the density of the electromagnetic aether, or we say the $\Omega(1)$ substratum. Thus, we also suppose that vacuum is filled with another kind of continuously distributed substance, which may be called the $\Omega(2)$ substratum. Based on a theorem of V. Fock on the mass tensor of a fluid, the contravariant energy-momentum tensors of the $\Omega(1)$ and $\Omega(2)$ substrata are established. Quasi-static solutions of the gravitational field equations in vacuum are obtained. Based on an assumption, relationships between the contravariant energy-momentum tensors of the $\Omega(1)$ and $\Omega(2)$ substrata and the contravariant metric tensor are obtained. Thus, the cosmological constant is calculated theoretically. The $\Omega(1)$ and $\Omega(2)$ substrata may be a possible candidate of the dark energy. According to the theory of vacuum mechanics, only those energy-momentum tensors of discrete or continuously distributed sinks in the $\Omega(0)$ substratum are permitted to act as the source terms in the generalized Einstein's equations. Thus, the zero-point energy of electromagnetic fields is not qualified for a source term in the generalized Einstein's equations. Some people believed that all kinds of energies should act as source terms in the Einstein's equations. It may be this unwarranted belief that leads to the cosmological constant problem. The mass density of the $\Omega(1)$ and $\Omega(2)$ substrata is equivalent to that of around $3$ protons contained in a box with a volume of $1$ cubic metre.

Topic: Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliability of in vivo, in vitro, in silico, and near infrared estimates of pure stand alfalfa hay quality: Component degradability and metabolizability of energy

Nine samples of pure stand alfalfa hay, representative of the compositional variability found in Mediterranean and Intermountain West climates, were collected throughout California and western Nevada during the 2008 growing season. Samples were evaluated in vivo (at either maintenance or ad libitum intakes by lambs), in vitro, in silico, and by near infrared spectrophotometry to determine characteristics of DM and fiber degradation as well as energy metabolizability. Also determined, from these and other routine analyses, were common indices of alfalfa quality including relative feed quality, relative feed value, in vivo TDN and ME. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in observed ME (Mcal/kg) were noted for alfalfa hays depending on source; quality indices were compared with observed ME. None of the indices evaluated were valid predictors of observed ME (P < 0.050), with the exception of near infrared predicted ME at either level of intake. Users of quality indices may expect less than optimal prediction of animal performance from use of indices or calculations based on indices failing to accurately predict ME. Results from this study indicate that ME estimated from near infrared spectrophotometry of pure stand alfalfa hay may improve characterization of alfalfa hay quality in that, depending on the feeding standard, ME input explains the vast majority of variation in animal output. However, given the limited numbers of alfalfa hay samples evaluated in this study, more studies are required.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Regulation of Food Delivery to Nestling Cory's Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea: The Roles of Parents and Offspring

In common with other species of Procellariiformes, Cory's Shearwaters accumulate prodigious amounts of adipose tissue during the nestling period, and attain peak weights considerably in excess of adult weight. We conducted two experiments to determine whether this pattern of development could be related to an absence of regulation of food supply to chicks. In the first experiment, chicks were switched between nests at 29 days of age, approximately three weeks prior to peak mass attainment. Serial correlations were then calculated between each chick's weight before switching and both its own weight during subsequent age intervals and the weight of the foster chick during subsequent age intervals. The results supported a parental-determination model of feeding, indicating that the behaviour of the chick had little or no influence on food supply rate. The second experiment, in which chicks were given a supplementary meal of c. 60 g of fresh sardine daily, indicated that parents reduced neither their rate of provisioning nor meal size in response to a reduction in the nutritional requirements of their chicks. Supplements resulted in a doubling of mass growth rate of chicks for the first eight days of supplementary feeding; this was followed by a period of much slower mass growth, but chicks given supplementary food remained significantly heavier than unmanipulated controls. During the latter period, adults at manipulated and unmanipulated nests visited their chicks at similar rates and with similar amounts of food. Slow mass growth of chicks at manipulated nests probably resulted from their refusing to accept food from their parents, and suggested that the rate at which parents supply food under natural conditions may be close to the maximum assimilatory capacity of the chick's digestive tract. The absence of any regulation of food supply in accordance with the behaviour or nutritional requirements of the chick may reflect a low correlation between the nutritional status of a chick at one feeding and its needs at the end of the parent's succeeding foraging trip. Alternatively, an absence of regulation may result from adults supplying their chicks with food at the maximum attainable rate, regardless of the chick's nutritional status.

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Saphenous Vein Sparing Superficial Inguinal Dissection in Lower Extremity Melanoma

Aim . The classic inguinal lymph node dissection is the main step for the regional control of the lower extremity melanoma, but this surgical procedure is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. The permanent lymphedema is the most devastating long-term complication leading to a significant decrease in the patient’s quality of life. In this study we present our experience with modified, saphenous vein sparing, inguinal lymph node dissections for patients with melanoma of the lower extremity. Methods . Twenty one patients (10 women, 11 men) who underwent saphenous vein sparing superficial inguinal lymph node dissection for the melanoma of lower extremity were included in this study. The effects of saphenous vein sparing on postoperative complications were evaluated. Results . We have observed the decreased rate of long-term lymphedema in patients undergoing inguinal lymphadenectomy for the lower extremity melanoma. Conclusion . The inguinal lymphadenectomy with saphenous vein preservation in lower extremity melanoma patients seems to be an oncologically safe procedure and it may offer reduced long-term morbidity.

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Estimation of the printing preparations from the gingival pockets on the styrophlex straps with application of telemicroscopy].

Printing preparations from the gingival pockets coloured by means of Shorr's method and secretion of pocket fluid have been estimated in 33 patients before and after balneological treatment. A telemicroscope has been used to estimate the preparations. The preparations have been analyzed in the linear enlargement of 1500 times using a network consisting of 35 fields of the dimensions of 3 cm x 3 cm (20 microns x 20 microns in the preparation) marked on a monitor screen. It has been that the sample representative for the whole preparation is contained in the band lying along its centre long axis and it occupies 6.33% of the preparation surface. Correlation between the number of granulocytes and the number of fields with granulocytes and the height of the granulocytar infiltration and between the number of granulocytes in the printing preparation and the excretion of the pocket fluid has been demonstrated in patients before treatment.

Topic: Medical and Biological Sciences
Subfield: Anatomy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bullying Experiment based on The Doers’ Perspective, Victim and Eye Witness on The Junior High School Student

The Bullying Phenomena of 40 countries showed that Indonesia is ranked as the world's second highest state for bullying cases. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of Bullying Experience in Perspective Actors, Victims and Witnesses of The Junior Student "X" Batu City. The design and approach is Descriptive Qualitative and Case Study, it conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to 11 participants consisting of students perpetrators, witnesses and victims of bullying. Data validation against other sources, those are the School Counseling unit and also Students`Family. In completing the data collection was also carried out observation and study documentation. Data collected was analyzed by using the Thematic Analysis, and the results are summarized into five themes, namely: (1) The Bullying Actorshave Academic Problems (2) Poor Social and Economic Background of Family of The Bullying Actors, (3) The Bullying action was Generally Conducted by Senior Students while the Victims were Junior, (4) The overall Bullying Actors are Male Students while the Victims are Female, (5) Activities included within Bullying are Physical, verbal and sexual harassment. It is also interesting to note that from all victims, factors and also the witness of bullying considered that bullying is something that should be avoided.

Topic: Student Stress and Coping
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Does Market Reward Diversity? The Impact of Board Gender Composition on Analyst Evaluation

Current theories tend to focus on the consequences of board diversity only inside the boardroom. Departing from this conventional approach, this study argues that board diversity also serves as a market signal that could influence an organization’s rating. I propose two theoretical processes. First, I extend institutional theory to suggest that an organization’s perceived value depends not only on its conformity to institutionalized policies and practices but also on its conformity to demographic norms. Gender diversity on boards should increase a firm’s rating when its industry peers also have a high level of gender diversity on boards. Second, I extend the theory of in-group preference to organizations, suggesting that individuals from underrepresented groups should favorably evaluate organizations that have larger numbers of in-group members in leadership positions. In this case, gender diversity on boards should increase an organization’s rating by female evaluators. I examine these hypotheses in the context of security analysts. Using a unique longitudinal sample of 239,298 security analyst ratings as well as robust dyadic fixed-effects models, I find strong support for both theoretical mechanisms. These findings show the importance of an organization’s demographic composition to its market performance and the role of social context in moderating this effect.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Successful cage design for intermediate culture of trochus for restocking

A new design for reef-based cages for the intermediate monoculture of juvenile trochus, using an aluminium frame and plastic mesh, was tested at two locations in Western Australia. The design proved to be much improved from previous cage types, providing high survivorship and no escape of juveniles. The robust cages are inexpensive, easy to construct and allow hatchery-produced juveniles as small as 12 mm to be advanced to sub-adult size for restocking. latter work, deficiencies in cage materials allowed entry of predators and escapement of juveniles. In the present study, a new, robust cage design was developed to minimise mortality and escape of trochus, while allowing high numbers of juveniles to reach sub-adult size. Repeated monitoring of caged juveniles in trials, conducted at two sites for up to 10 months, suggests that this design is optimal for monoculture of trochus for restocking.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Power Forward Performance in Semimartingale Markets with Stochastic Integrated Factors

We study the forward investment performance process (FIPP) in an incomplete semimartingale market model with closed and convex portfolio constraints, when the investor's risk preferences are of the power form. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such FIPP. In a semimartingale factor model, we show that the FIPP can be recovered as a triplet of processes which admit an integral representation with respect to semimartingales. Using an integrated stochastic factor model, we relate the factor representation of the triplet of processes to the smooth solution of an ill-posed partial integro-differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. We develop explicit constructions for the class of time-monotone FIPPs, generalizing existing results from Brownian to semimartingale market models.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Developing and validating the risk perceptions questionnaire for COVID-19 (Risk Precept COVID-19): an application of the extended parallel process model

<title>Abstract</title> Background In order to understand how people perceive, process, and respond to COVID-19 risk information, a valid and reliable instrument is needed. This study aimed to develop an instrument to measure the risk perceptions of people about COVID-19 based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. First, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to develop the initial draft of Risk-percept COVID-19. Then, in order to obtain a pre-final version of the instrument, face and content validity were conducted. After that, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory), internal consistency using test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument were measured. Results Forty two item were initially generated. During the content validity, it was reduced to 29 items. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed four factors (perceived response efficacy, perceived threats (severity and susceptibility), perceived self-efficacy, and defensive responses (denial, avoidance and reactance) that accounted for 49.97 of the observed variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designated a model with appropriate fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the dimensions ranged from .697 to .793, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from .71 to .80 within acceptable ranges. Conclusion the current findings show that the Risk-percept COVID-19 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the cognitions and perceptions of adults.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences