jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eat to Treat: The Methods and Assessments of a Culinary Medicine Seminar for Future Physicians and Practicing Clinicians

Nutrition-associated chronic disease is an epidemic in the United States (US), yet most medical schools lack adequate nutrition education. We developed a six-session culinary medicine (CM) seminar entitled “Eat to Treat: A Nutrition Course for Future Clinicians” that teaches culinary skills, nutrition science, and counseling techniques to improve clinical nutrition management. The seminar was offered in-person to first-year medical students in a medical school-based teaching kitchen from 2017 to 2019. A virtual three-session course was also offered to practicing clinicians in 2020. Voluntary self-efficacy questionnaires were collected at the beginning of the first and last sessions of the student seminar, and paired t-tests determined the course’s effect on survey items. A total of 53 first-year medical students attended the program over five semesters, and 39 students (73.6%) completed both surveys. All except one measure of self-efficacy were significantly higher at session 6 than session 1 (p &lt; 0.05). A post-course survey was utilized for the clinician seminar and of the 31 participants, 14 completed the surveys; 93% and 86% of respondents agreed the course was clinically relevant and improved their confidence, respectively. We developed a CM curriculum that improved nutrition knowledge and confidence among a professionally diverse cohort and may represent a scalable education model to improve nutrition education in US medical schools.

Topic: Obesity and Health Practices
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Multiple myeloma recurring as small intestinal polyposis after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with BJP-λ multiple myeloma (MM) in November 2012. She was treated with six cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone, resulting in a very good partial response. The patient underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) 6 months after the diagnosis, and clearly achieved a complete response thereafter. She again suffered chronic abdominal pain with spontaneous remission 9 months after the PBSCT, and, 2 months thereafter, was hospitalized due to intestinal obstruction. Two small intestinal intussusceptions and polyposis in the small intestine were found on abdominal computed tomography. As conservative treatment produced no improvement, partial resection of the small intestine was performed. The pathologic review clearly demonstrated the polyps to have atypical plasma cell infiltrates in the mucosa of the small intestine involving all layers. Immunohisto-chemistry and FISH analyses yielded positive results for CD138, CD79a, and λ light chain, consistent with extramedullary relapse of MM. It is very rare for MM to present with polyposis in the small intestine. There have been no reports describing such a case after autologous PBSCT.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nicotinic Receptors in Human Chromaffin Cells: Characterization, Functional and Physical Interactions between Subtypes and Regulation

This review summarizes our research on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human chromaffin cells. Limited research has been conducted in this field on human tissue, primarily due to the difficulties associated with obtaining human cells. Receptor subtypes were characterized here using molecular biology and electrophysiological patch-clamp techniques. However, the most significant aspect of this study refers to the cross-talk between the two main subtypes identified in these cells, the α7- and α3β4* subtypes, aiming to avoid their desensitization. The article also reviews other aspects, including the regulation of their expression, function or physical interaction by choline, Ca2+, and tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphatases. Additionally, the influence of sex on their expression is also discussed.

Topic: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tritium Production from Nitrogen in a Tokomak Reactor Resulting from a Neutron Source

Tritium is an important isotope of hydrogen used in deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel in nuclear fusion reactors, but it is only naturally occurring on Earth in the upper atmosphere resulting from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) interactions, which produces small amounts of tritium. This poses a problem because tritium is an important component for nuclear fusion reactors that utilize deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel. This study investigates tritium production by applying the nuclear reaction resulting from GCR interactions and a mathematical model for the flux of neutrons that reflect the energy levels associated with the resulting neutrons from D-T reactions to a two-dimensional domain representing the tritium production layer in a tokomak reactor. The results of this study indicate that for a feasible amount of tritium production, the nitrogen density must be exceptionally higher than that of nitrogen gas. As such, GCR interactions do not produce a feasible source of tritium production for D-T fuel. KEYWORDS: Galactic Cosmic Rays; Tokamak; Tritium; Neutron; Neutron Diffusion; Nuclear Fission; Tritium Breeding Ratio; Tritium Production

Topic: Fusion materials and technologies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Census Snapshot: New York

Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, this report provides demographic and economic information about same-sex couples and same-sex couples raising children in New York. We compare same-sex “unmarried partners,” which the Census Bureau defines as an unmarried couple who “shares living quarters and has a close personal relationship,” to different-sex married couples in New York.In many ways, the more than 50,000 same-sex couples living in New York are similar to married couples. According to Census 2000, they live throughout the state, are racially and ethnically diverse, have partners who depend upon one another financially, and actively participate in New York’s economy. Census data also show that 20% of same-sex couples in New York are raising children. However, same-sex couples with children have fewer economic resources to provide for their families than married parents: they have lower household incomes and lower rates of home ownership.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The internationalization of African fintech firms: marketing strategies for successful intra-Africa expansion

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how African fintech firms adapt their marketing strategies for successful market expansion into new African countries. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study is qualitative in nature and utilizes semi-structured interviews at 14 African fintech firms. Findings The study reveals that, during intra-Africa expansion, firms adapt their marketing strategies by working with local people, prioritizing customer education, creating personal relationships with customers, adapting their communication strategies and pricing strategies and using social media. The strategies that have been most effective involve including the community in the marketing process, prioritizing relationships, segmenting customers geographically, educating customers about products, using local distribution partners and having a flexible approach to strategy adaptation. Practical implications It has been argued that technological innovation in Africa in areas such as financial services is a critical driver of its future development, because of the opportunity it presents to promote financial inclusion. Through an increase in venture capital investment on the continent, technological innovations in financial services have grown exponentially, and this study contributes to the understanding of the marketing strategies employed to gain market traction. Originality/value This study proposes that African fintech firms adopt a bottom-up, value proposition-driven marketing strategy to successfully navigate the environment. The proposed framework provides a lens through which to understand the components of successful strategy adaptation in Africa, against the backdrop of the unique market challenges inherent in this emerging market continent.

Topic: FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Influence of a Socially Valued Skill on Peer Acceptance in a Music Therapy Group

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a socially valued skill (playing the piano) on the performer's peer acceptance in a music therapy group. Subjects consisted of 13 physically handicapped preadolescents participating in group music therapy sessions. The piano performer was introduced as a music therapy student observer. The performer participated as a group member for five 1-hour sessions without playing the piano. Group members were then asked to rank each other according to three questions selected from the affective domain. The next condition was altered by having the performer play the piano at the end of each session. Following this condition, the same sociometric test was given. The two conditions (five sessions of nonperformance followed by four sessions of performance) were then repeated to constitute an ABAB complete reversal design. The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance indicated that the performer's status or rank position significantly changed (p < .025) over the four experimental conditions. The remaining subjects failed to obtain significant gains in status.

Topic: Diverse Music Education Insights
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Control of lasing in fully chaotic open microcavities by tailoring the shape factor

The authors demonstrate experimentally that lasing in a semiconductor microstadium can be optimized by controlling its shape. Under spatially uniform optical pumping, the first lasing mode in a GaAs microstadium with large major-to-minor-axis ratio usually corresponds to a high-quality scar mode consisting of several unstable periodic orbits. Interference of waves propagating along the constituent orbits may minimize light leakage at particular major-to-minor-axis ratio. By making stadium of the optimum shape, the authors are able to maximize the mode quality factor and align the mode frequency to the peak of the gain spectrum, thus minimizing the lasing threshold.

Topic: Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Caesar and Roman Politics, 60-50 B.C.

Roman political history of the first century BC offers an almost embarrassing wealth of source material — the contemporary testimony of Caesar and Cicero, the full derivative accounts of Appian and Dio, the biographies of Suetonius and Plutarch, to name but a few. This selection, of some 400 extracts from over twenty authors, presents in English translation a fair selection of those sources concentrating on Caesar around the mid-century. The passages are arranged thematically rather than chronologically, and introductions andinterpolation guide the student through the material. This is an ideal book to encourage a student to form opinions — and criticise those of others — about the achievements of Julius Caesar in the dying Republic’s crucial years, 60-50 BC.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE PROSPECTING POTENTIAL OF PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT IN SAWUER REGION,NORTH XINJIANG

For the past decades,a series of field investigations and studies on the porphyry copper belt in the northern Xinjiang were carried out and significant progresses have been achieved in the west Junggar region and the southern margin of the Altay copper metallogenic belt.Due to similar geotectonic environments and mineralization types,the Sawuer region has advantages of tectonic environments to be a good target of porphyry copper deposit.Whether it will be a porphyry copper belt,prospecting potential of this region need to be explored.Various porphyry copper deposits have been found,such as Hanzheganeng porphyry copper deposit,Taketakuolasi copper deposit and Xiyakesitao copper deposit.In this paper,combing the geotectonic environments of the Sawuer region,we investigated the known deposits and compared the geological characteristics of the adjacent porphyry copper metallogenic belts.It concludes that this area is a potential porphyry copper deposit zone and further prospecting is essential to promote the porphyry copper deposit exploration.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Prospects for new drugs to treat binge-eating disorder: Insights from psychopathology and neuropharmacology

Background: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a common psychiatric condition with adverse psychological and metabolic consequences. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is the only approved BED drug treatment. New drugs to treat BED are urgently needed. Methods: A comprehensive review of published psychopathological, pharmacological and clinical findings. Results: The evidence supports the hypothesis that BED is an impulse control disorder with similarities to ADHD, including responsiveness to catecholaminergic drugs, for example LDX and dasotraline. The target product profile (TPP) of the ideal BED drug combines treating the psychopathological drivers of the disorder with an independent weight-loss effect. Drugs with proven efficacy in BED have a common pharmacology; they potentiate central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Because of the overlap between pharmacotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and BED, drug-candidates from diverse pharmacological classes, which have already failed in ADHD would also be predicted to fail if tested in BED. The failure in BED trials of drugs with diverse pharmacological mechanisms indicates many possible avenues for drug discovery can probably be discounted. Conclusions: (1) The efficacy of drugs for BED is dependent on reducing its core psychopathologies of impulsivity, compulsivity and perseveration and by increasing cognitive control of eating. (2) The analysis revealed a large number of pharmacological mechanisms are unlikely to be productive in the search for effective new BED drugs. (3) The most promising areas for new treatments for BED are drugs, which augment noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and/or those which are effective in ADHD.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
READABILITY OF ROAD SAFETY PUBLICATIONS

Standard tests of were applied to several road safety texts. One was found to be fairly difficult to read, although there were considerable variations in scores between texts. One text was re-written applying principles known to affect readability and comprehension. Standardized tests indicated that this did improve comprehension quite markedly and specially-designed multi-choice tests also showed that those who had read the re-written text had more knowledge of the topic that was covered than those who had read the original version. Suggestions are made as to how texts on road safety might be written more effectively. (Copyright (c) Crown Copyright 1980.)

Topic: Safety Warnings and Signage
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Let’s Clear the Air</i>: a campaign that effectively increased compliance with a university’s tobacco-free policy

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Let's Clear the Air campaign, a print-based campaign guided by the theory of planned behavior, designed to increase compliance with a University's tobacco-free policy among undergraduate student smokers. We hypothesized that individual-level compliance behaviors would increase with greater campaign exposure and that population-level compliance would improve post-intervention from baseline. To assess individual-level compliance, we collected survey data from 284 randomly selected undergraduate student smokers. To assess population-level compliance, we collected observational data by counting smokers in 10 violation locations for 10 weeks (three 30-minute periods per week). Data supported the hypotheses: Campaign exposure was related to an increase in individual-level compliance behaviors, and results from a negative binomial regression supported that population-level compliance improved from baseline to post-intervention. Implications regarding support for the campaign as an effective strategy for increasing tobacco-free policy compliance behaviors are discussed.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fluorescence and phosphorescence of ?-carotene

Studies have been made of the fluorescence and phosphorescence of solutions of all-trans and 15-15′-cis β-carotene. No significant differences were found in the light emission from these two isomers. At room temperature a weak green fluorescence is observed. It is proposed that both delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence occur in the delayed emission spectrum obtained at low temperature. A value of approximately 17,000 cm–1 is then obtained for the 0 â†� 0 triplet energy. The significance of this value in relation to other properties of β-carotene is discussed.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
TuYou-County Pediatric Eye (TYPE) study, design issues, baseline demographic characteristics, and implications

Abstract To report the rationale, design, and baseline demographic characteristics of TuYou-County Pediatric Eye study, which mainly aimed to determine the retinal microvascular changes with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and its association with eye abnormalities in school aged children and adolescents at suburban location in Northern China. TuYou-County Pediatric Eye study was a school-based survey conducted in TuYou-County. Multi-ethnic (Mongol, Han, and Hui) participants will be followed up for 5 years. Standardized ophthalmological examinations include visual acuity, ocular biometry, retinal photography, and OCTA. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect variables regarding to eye disease such as parental history of eye diseases, near work, outdoor activities, living and eating habits, etc. After sampling, 687 participants were eligible for investigation, and 20 students did not attend the investigation, living 667 (response rate, 97.1%) students completed questionnaires and all ocular examinations. The average age of all participants was 14.9 ± 5.11. TYPE study is the first large-scale school-based multi-ethnic survey in suburban site of Northern China. Continuous identification of retinal microvascular changes with eye diseases will provide new insights into the control related diseases in school-age children and adolescents.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Utilization of a by-product from the <i>Jatropha</i> biodiesel industry as a fish meal replacer in common carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. diets

Detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was created through heat and solvent extraction and replaced fish meal (FM) at 0% (Control), 50% (J50), or 62.5% (J62.5) in common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerling (initial mean weight ± SD; 22 ± 0.12 g) diets over 16 weeks. Growth performance and feeding efficiencies were similar (P > 0.05) among groups, but nutrient digestibilities and digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Control than others. The slightly lower growth and significantly lower nutrient digestibility in carp fed DJKM indicates a need to improve the nutritive value of DJKM as a promising and sustainable FM alternative.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Richard Langhorne and the ‘Nevills of Nevill Holt’: A Note

In a recent article Richard Langhorne’s disclosures to the Privy Council in July of 1679 and the Government’s subsequent failure to act on this information were discussed. One person named in this testimony was a Colonel Neville, who was accused of holding some money that belonged to the Society of Jesus. According to Langhorne, the Jesuit William Gilbert had deposited £100 with the colonel. Although Langhorne did not mention it, presumably the Society either received annual rents or held a mortgage as a security for the sum. A few months after Langhorne’s discovery on 12 November 1679, the Government issued a proclamation that offered a moiety to anyone who provided information that would lead to the discovery and confiscation of hidden resources of the Jesuits. The proclamation enumerated the estates both real and personal about which the Government already had information and against which legal action had been initiated. Among the personal estates was a £2500 mortgage charged upon the estate of a Henry Neville, Esq. In the article it was wondered if Henry Neville and Colonel Neville were the same man and if the amount specified by Langhorne was but a small portion of the total amount that he owed the Society of Jesus. Shortly after completion of the article, I rediscovered Bernard Elliott’s ‘A Leicestershire Recusant Family: The Nevills of Nevili Holt,’ an important study that I had inadvertently overlooked as I researched the topic. That work renewed my interest in the subject and prompted my return to the archives.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Case Report - Metastatic breast disease causing ureteric obstruction and haematuria

We report a 96-year old lady who had previously undergone simple right\nmastectomy for a grade 3 infiltrating duct carcinoma presenting with\npainless haematuria. Imaging studies revealed right sided\nhydronephrosis with a lower ureteric mass invading the bladder mass.\nCystoscopic examination confirmed a solid lesion on the left side of\nthe trigone, which was resected. The histology was consistent with\nmetastatic infiltrating carcinoma of the breast. This case is reported\nto highlight the rarity of the breast carcinoma metastasizing to the\nbladder.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease is a progressive neurological illness which is hereditary. The illness begins gradually and can affect individuals cognitively, emotionally and can impair mobility. The onset of Huntington's is insidious as a series of subtle changes takes place which characterize the early stages of the disorder. The progression of the illness is slow with a typical time span of 15–20 years. However, each affected individual is different and assessment should take this into account.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences