jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of team-based learning in interprofessional education at a health university

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) using team-based learning (TBL). Methods: We analyzed the results of a scale to measure IPE among 449 fourth-year students from seven faculties of a health university in Japan. The students took the Assembly Special Lesson as part of IPE using TBL. Before and after the lesson, the participants completed a questionnaire, which consisted of the IPE Tsukuba Model, to which we added two items. The scale was divided into five domains. We compared the scores using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The overall scores of four of the five domains of the IPE evaluation were significantly higher after the lesson than before (P<0.05): "Understanding the role of each profession's specialization" ; "Regarding participation in group work" ; "Thoughts regarding the team in healthcare and welfare" ; and "Feelings about cooperation among different professions." Conclusions: It was evident that the lesson enhanced the students' understanding of the role of other professionals, enabled them to participate in group work, and allowed them to understand the responsibilities of each profession within a team, thereby leading to greater cooperation and better health care. This TBL for IPE was found to be effective by producing valuable changes in perceptions and attitudes toward professional cooperation among students.

Topic: Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Monkeypox in Bulgaria: Significance of Various Clinical Samples, Clinical Manifestation, and Molecular Detection

Background/Objectives: Monkeypox (mpox) is currently the most common orthopoxvirus (OPXV) zoonotic disease, and, since 2022, there has been atypical person-to-person transmission observed in non-endemic countries. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of monkeypox virus (MPXV) and OPXV DNA detection in recommended and alternative clinical materials taken during the acute and convalescent phases of infection in Bulgarian patients. Methods: The study included laboratory investigation by real time PCR of 181 clinical samples from 42 Bulgarian patients with possible mpox infections. Results: MPXV DNA was detected in 23/181 (12.71%), and OPXV DNA in 20/181 (11.05%) clinical samples. There were six mpox-confirmed patients aged 23 to 44. At the highest frequency, MPXV and OPXV DNA were detected in samples of vesicular contents (6/6) and nasal/oropharyngeal secretions (5/6 and 4/6) during the first three days from the appearance of clinical symptoms. We demonstrated MPXV and OPXV DNA in alternative samples (urine, feces, ejaculate, and saliva), and in follow-up patient samples, taken two weeks after mpox confirmation in the convalescent phase (vesicular contentsand urine). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that MPXV may be detected in a larger set of clinical materials, including alternatives, where the virus can persist for more than two weeks.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Trial of Computerized Screening for Adolescent Behavioral Concerns

OBJECTIVE. Injury risk, depressive symptoms, and substance use are the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and death. The goal of this randomized, controlled trial was to determine whether computerized screening with real-time printing of results for pediatricians increased the identification of these adolescent behavioral concerns. METHODS. A total of 878 primary care patients 11 to 20 years of age participated in computerized behavioral screening (the Health eTouch system) in waiting rooms of 9 urban clinics. These clinics all served predominantly low-income patients. The clinics were randomly assigned to have pediatricians receive screening results either just before face-to-face encounters with patients (immediate-results condition) or 2 to 3 business days later (delayed-results condition). RESULTS. Fifty-nine percent of Health eTouch respondents had positive results for ≥1 of the following behavioral concerns: injury risk behaviors, significant depressive symptoms, or substance use. Sixty-eight percent of youths in the immediate-results condition who screened positive were identified as having a problem by their pediatrician. This was significantly higher than the recognition rate of 52% for youths in the delayed-results condition. CONCLUSION. Immediate provision of an adolescent's self-report of behavioral concerns to a pediatrician increased recognition of those problems, compared with the delayed provision of results.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
3D Wasserstein generative adversarial network with dense U-Net based discriminator for preclinical fMRI denoising

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is extensively used in clinical and preclinical settings to study brain function, however, fMRI data is inherently noisy due to physiological processes, hardware, and external noise. Denoising is one of the main preprocessing steps in any fMRI analysis pipeline. This process is challenging in preclinical data in comparison to clinical data due to variations in brain geometry, image resolution, and low signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we propose a structure-preserved algorithm based on a 3D Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a 3D dense U-net based discriminator called, 3D U-WGAN. We apply a 4D data configuration to effectively denoise temporal and spatial information in analyzing preclinical fMRI data. GAN-based denoising methods often utilize a discriminator to identify significant differences between denoised and noise-free images, focusing on global or local features. To refine the fMRI denoising model, our method employs a 3D dense U-Net discriminator to learn both global and local distinctions. To tackle potential over-smoothing, we introduce an adversarial loss and enhance perceptual similarity by measuring feature space distances. Experiments illustrate that 3D U-WGAN significantly improves image quality in resting-state and task preclinical fMRI data, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio without introducing excessive structural changes in existing methods. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods when applied to simulated and real data in a fMRI analysis pipeline.

Topic: Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Determination of <i>r</i>-7,<i>t</i>-8,9,<i>c</i>-10-Tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry

r-7,t-8,9,c-10-Tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (trans-anti-BaP-tetraol) is the major hydrolysis product of r-7, t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE), the principal ultimate carcinogen of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). As part of a program to establish activation/detoxification profiles of urinary metabolites of BaP in humans, we developed a method for quantifying trans-anti-BaP-tetraol. Urine was collected from three groups of individuals exposed to BaP: psoriasis patients treated with a coal tar-containing ointment, steel workers, and smokers. [(2)H(12)]-trans-anti-BaP-tetraol was added to the urine as an internal standard. The urine was treated with beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase, and then the BaP-tetraols were enriched by reverse-phase and phenylboronic acid solid-phase extraction. The resulting fraction was treated with sodium hydride and methylmethane sulfonate to convert BaP-tetraols to the corresponding tetramethyl ethers (BaP-TME). The mixture was purified by normal-phase HPLC and analyzed by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. [(13)CH(3)](4)-trans-anti-BaP-TME was used as an external standard. Ions at m/z 376, 380, and 388 were monitored for quantitation of trans-anti-BaP-TME, [(13)CH(3)](4)-trans-anti-BaP-TME, and [(2)H(12)]-trans-anti-BaP-TME, respectively. The instrumental detection limit was approximately 1 fmol of trans-anti-BaP-TME. trans-anti-BaP-tetraol (as trans-anti-BaP-TME) was detected in 20 of 20 individuals receiving coal tar therapy (mean, 16 fmol/mL of urine), 13 of 13 exposed steel workers (mean, 4.1 fmol/mL of urine), and nine of 21 cigarette smokers (mean, 0.5 fmol/mL of urine). The means in these groups were significantly different (P < 0.0001). The urine of steel workers was also analyzed for cis-anti-BaP-tetraol and cys-syn-BaP-tetraol, but neither was found. The results of this study provide a quantitative method for determination of parts per trillion levels of trans-anti-BaP-tetraol in human urine. Ultimately, this method can be employed as part of a phenotyping approach for assessing BaP metabolites in human urine.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Polymer-Filled Composite Porous Catalytic Particles for Hydrodynamic Studies in Trickle-Bed Reactors

A simple and scaleable method is proposed for suppressing internal porosity in various porous particles that are widely applied in packed-bed catalytic systems. The method is based on a complete filling of the pores by a cross-linked organic polymer. The particles were first loaded with the volume of organic monomer and cross-linker needed to achieve complete blockage of the porosity, and subsequently, in situ radical polymerization was performed with heating under reduced atmosphere. The method is shown to be adaptable for particles of various shapes, sizes, and porous structures. Selective and complete pore filling has been confirmed by nitrogen physisorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The different analyses confirm uniform pore blocking. The difference in contact angle before and after polymer impregnation was found to be negligible. The system is especially suitable for packed-bed hydrodynamic studies to disentangle extragranular hydrodynamic effects (such as axial dispersion) from intraparticle mass transfer effects, which are key to scaling down/up trickle-bed reactors. The liquid holdup and Péclet number for a trickle-bed reactor packed with polymer-impregnated spherical particles and glass beads, respectively, were compared for the compatibility of the method. For given superficial liquid and gas velocities corresponding to the pulsing flow regime, the external liquid holdup and Péclet number were found to be correspondingly close for both particles.

Topic: Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Relative Contribution of the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) to Periwinkle Snail (Littoraria irrorata) Predation Mortality in the Lower Salt Marsh Intertidal of Northeast Florida

In top-down regulation of ecological communities, predation of grazers is critical for maintaining the presence and growth of essential vegetation. The periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) is a ubiquitous grazer in Atlantic salt marshes that can defoliate patches of Spartina alterniflora when populations are extremely dense. On the east coast of Florida, multiple predators could contribute to periwinkle population control maintaining this critical habitat. This study aimed to determine if the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is the primary predator of periwinkle snails in the salt marsh lower intertidal. Tethering was utilized to assess if periwinkle mortality is related to distance, predation strategy, and shell size. Groups of periwinkles (n = 5), were tethered in place at 0 m, 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m into the marsh for 24 hours. The presence or absence of each snail was recorded, and predated snails were classified by predation strategy (crushing, cutting, or extracting) using the characteristic patterns of snail remains. Key findings were: (1) Likelihood of predation for tethered snails declined exponentially as distance into the marsh increased, suggesting that the interior serves as a spatial refuge for periwinkles. However, predation was equally likely at 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m. The data also support that large crabs are limited to the marsh edge, while small crabs can forage within. (2) The crushing predation strategy was most prevalent across all distances, indicating that blue crabs are the dominant predator. (3) For all snails mortality was highest at the marsh edge, but across the interior larger snails generally had lower mortality than smaller snails. This size refuge favors larger snails and corresponds with blue crab size selectivity. Together, the observed trends in mortality, predation strategy, and size selectivity support the assertion that blue crabs are the dominant predator in the lower intertidal.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> Porin-Deficient Mutant 35000HP::P2AB

ABSTRACT Haemophilus ducreyi is an obligate human pathogen and the causative agent of the sexually transmitted, genital ulcerative disease chancroid. The genome of strain 35000HP contains two known porin proteins, OmpP2A and OmpP2B. Loss of OmpP2A and OmpP2B expression in the mutant 35000HP::P2AB resulted in no obvious growth defect or phenotype. Comparison of outer membrane profiles indicated increased expression of the 58.5-kDa chaperone, GroEL, in the porin-deficient mutant. A proteomics-based comparison resulted in the identification of 231 proteins present in membrane-associated protein samples, of which a subset of 56 proteins was differentially expressed at a level of 1.5-fold or greater in the porin-deficient strain 35000HP::P2AB relative to that in 35000HP. Twenty of the differentially expressed proteins were selected for real-time PCR, resulting in the validation of 90% of the selected subgroup. Proteins identified in these studies suggested a decreased membrane stability phenotype, which was verified by disk diffusion assay. Loss of OmpP2A and OmpP2B resulted in global protein expression changes which appear to compensate for the absence of porin expression in 35000HP::P2AB.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of genus Morus for wild edible fruits used by the inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan

The present study was focused on ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of four wild edible fruit species of family Moraceae including Morus alba L., Morus laevigata Wall., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L. used by the local inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Questionnaires based on semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data about ethnobotanical importance of these plants. Morphological, including organoleptographical characters of leaves, flowers, fruits and leaf epidermal anatomy were investigated. Leaf epidermal anatomy was carried out under light microscope. All four species showed variations in fruit size, shape, color, in leaf lamina and base shape, floral characters, leaf epidermis cells shape, size and type of stomata. Such taxonomic variations are significant in correct identification of plant species. Key words: Ethnobotancal, taxonomic screening, Morus, Lesser Himalayas.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Two technical assistance methods: the activity of the Ford Foundation in Chile and Argentina, 1960–1972

This article analyses the activity of the Ford Foundation (FF) in the field of regional and urban planning in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America in the 1960s. During a period in which Urban Studies expanded, the FF developed activities, projects and programmes that simultaneously consolidated discussions on urban processes and their future actions both in the United States and in the developing world. The FF’s took actions on a global scale, and Argentina and Chile were part of a broader strategy. From 1959, after the Cuban revolution, the Foundation’s philanthropic activity expanded in Latin America, especially in the field of social sciences. The Instituto de Planeamiento Regional y Urbano (Litoral Institute for Regional and Urban Planning, IPRUL) in Argentina and the Comité Interdisciplinario de Desarrollo Urbano (Interdisciplinary Committee on Urban Development, CIDU) in Chile were exponents of this sort of FF-sponsored approach thanks to their technical and financial assistance. A comparative analysis of activities undertaken by the institutions in question reveals a number of interconnections between the realms of philanthropy, planning, political authority and networks of academic experts.

Topic: Brazilian cultural history and politics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities

Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, is an important herb in ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an 80% aqueous methanolic extract of W. somnifera roots (WSREt), fruits (WSFEt) and leaves (WSLEt).Several assays were performed to determine the antioxidant properties of this herb including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous chelation and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching.The values for DPPH, FRAP, ferrous chelation and inhibition of β carotene bleaching for the three types of extracts ranged from 101.73-801.93 μg/ml, 2.26-3.29 mM Fe/kg, 0.22-0.65 mg/ml and 69.87-79.67%, respectively, indicating that W. somnifera, particularly the leaves, possesses significant antioxidant properties. The mean ascorbic acid content was 20.60-62.60 mg/100 g, and the mean anthocyanin content was 2.86-12.50 mg/100 g. Antibacterial activities were measured using the agar well diffusion method and five pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The leaf extracts displayed the highest activity against S. typhi (32.00 ± 0.75 mm zone of inhibition), whereas the lowest activity was against K. pneumoniae (19.00 ± 1.48 mm zone of inhibition). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value was 6.25 mg/ml, which was against S. typhi, followed by 12.5 mg/ml against E. coli.In addition to its antioxidant properties, W. somnifera exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, particularly S. typhi.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On Bend-Bar Type Roller Expander

This article gives the results of theoretical studies made by the authors on the expanding mechanism of the bend-bar type roller expander. These studies have made it possible to figure out the state of contact of cloth with the roller, the tension on the cloth, the longitudinal relaxation of the cloth caused by imperfect contact of cloth and roller, and expanding capacity - on a single as well as a triple roller expander. Our studies have disclosed many other facts which we believe will be an effective aid in the manufacture and use of the bend-bar type roller expander.

Topic: Polymer Science and Applications
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring links between geodynamics and climate change

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Combating global climate change remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the coming decades. Whilst oceanographers, ice sheet dynamicists, and atmospheric modellers all have an obvious role to play in leading efforts to tackle this problem, there remain many aspects that require careful consideration and cross-disciplinary interaction in other areas of the geosciences. In this talk, I will use selected examples to illustrate important links between geodynamics and climate change, including improving our understanding of its potential impacts and mitigation. The first concerns the role of mantle convection in influencing palaeo sea-level records and ice sheet dynamics. For example, Pliocene interglacial periods are commonly invoked as potential climatic analogues for the near-future conditions expected in our warming world, but there is considerable uncertainty over the extent to which important sea-level indicator sites have been perturbed, post-deposition, by convection-induced dynamic topography. The second link involves the growing shortage of metals that are key to the manufacture of technologies for low-carbon energy generation and storage. Tackling this shortfall requires an improvement in our ability to locate new, high-grade metal deposits, particularly those buried beneath shallow sedimentary cover. Novel geodynamical insights into the geological processes responsible for ore genesis will form a core component of narrowing the exploration search-space, and we have recently demonstrated this approach for sediment-hosted metal deposits. Through these case studies, I will show that it is primarily through developing an environment of cross-disciplinary discussion and financial support that our community is most likely to progress in understanding the potential impacts of climate change and how we may mitigate against them. Although one of the least well-studied components, the solid Earth is increasingly being recognised as a critical part of the climate system. Researchers working in topics as diverse as rock mechanics, seismology, convection modelling, and geochemistry all have a crucial role to play.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Malformation of the Vermiform Appendix Originating from the Ascending Colon

症例は12歳，男児．腹痛と嘔吐を主訴に当院救命センターを受診し，虫垂炎が疑われ精査を施行した．腹部造影CT検査では糞石を伴い高度に腫大した虫垂が右傍結腸溝に存在し，一部粘膜が造影不良で壊疽性虫垂炎と診断，周囲の腹水から限局性腹膜炎と判断し緊急手術となった．開腹時に腫大した虫垂を検索すると，その根部は回盲部肛門側の上行結腸背外側より起始していた．また，盲腸の先端に虫垂様突起物を認めなかった．上行結腸背側からの虫垂間膜を処理，根部を切離し，虫垂を摘出した．病理学的に切除された検体はリンパ濾胞を含む虫垂と確認され，壊疽性虫垂炎と診断された．虫垂炎は消化器外科で扱う一般的な疾患であるが，虫垂の発生異常は極めて稀である．本邦において文献的にも虫垂欠損や重複虫垂は報告されているものの，虫垂の起始部の発生異常の報告は認められない．世界的に見ても極めて稀であり，文献的考察を含め報告する．

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences