jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
2509 - Malware Detection by Exploiting Deep Learning over Binary Programs

ICPR Browser Link: https://ailb-web.ing.unimore.it/icpr/paper/406/nn Abstract: Malware evolves rapidly over time, which makes existing solutions being ineffective in detecting newly released malware. Machine learning models that can learn to capture malicious patterns directly from the data play an increasingly important role in malware analysis. However, traditional machine learning models heavily depend on feature engineering. The extracted static features are vulnerable as hackers could create new malware with different feature values to deceive the machine learning models. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end malware detection framework consisting of convolutional neural network, autoencoder and neural decision trees. It learns the features from multiple domains for malware detection without feature engineering. In addition, since anti-virus products should have a very low false alarm rate to avoid annoying users, we propose a special loss function, which optimizes the recall for a fixed low false positive rate (e.g., less than 0.1%). Experiments show that the proposed framework has achieved a better recall than the baseline models, and the derived loss function also makes a difference.

Topic: Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Innovations in quality apprenticeships for high-skilled manufacturing jobs in the United States: at BMW, Siemens, Volkswagen

This paper investigates quality apprenticeship in three German companies (BMW, Siemens and Volkswagen) that initiated apprenticeship programs in the states of North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee in the southern part of the US. The report highlights the strong involvement of the three companies and their active cooperation with community colleges and municipalities in training apprentices in mechatronics, an interdisciplinary area of engineering that combines mechanical and electrical engineering with a high content of computer skills and software knowledge. The ILO case studies examine the effectiveness of apprenticeships in closing the skills gaps, document key aspects of the public and private partnerships that created the apprenticeship programs, assess the economic arguments for apprenticeship systems, summarise results for both young people and employers, and identify lessons for initiating apprenticeship systems elsewhere.

Topic: Higher Education Learning Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Log-Linear Modeling with the Negative Multinomial Distribution

We develop a negative multinomial sampling plan in which observed cell counts are positively correlated. We show that maximum likelihood estimates of cell means are the same as those found under independent Poisson sampling. There is no maximum likelihood estimate for the shape parameter in general. We propose an estimate of the shape parameter based on the mean and quantiles of Pearson's chi-squared statistic. These techniques are applied to models of cancer incidence for three cities in Ohio and longitudinal health care utilization by a group of senior citizens.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
HUBUNGAN ANTARA BI RATE DAN INFLASI PENDEKATAN KAUSALITAS TODA – YAMAMOTO

The study was intended to review the causality relationship between BI Rate and Inflation in 2005-2011, the ITF application period. The research employed Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test along with the prerequisite tests; the stationarity test and lag lenght criteria test. The stationarity test on the data resulted variable of BI Rate and inflation was in the first difference. Based on the lag length criteria, it resulted optimum lag which was lag 2. The study revealed that BI Rate has caused the changes on inflation level within two months. At the same time, inflation also affected BI Rate level. Hence, BI Rate can be considered as an instrument to control inflation in maintaining the inflation target. Whenever the inflation happens in the low and stable level, BI rate could be set at a low level. This will improve the economic activity in the real sector. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah terdapat hubungan kausalitas antara BI Rate dan inflasi pada periode 2005-2011, periodediterapkannya kerangka kerja ITF. Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Kausalitas Toda – Yamamoto beserta uji prasyaratnya yaitu uji stasioneritas dan uji lag length criteria. Hasil uji stasioneritas data yang dilakukan, variabel BI Rate dan inflasi berada pada tingkat first difference.Pengujian lag length criteria diperoleh hasil lag optimal yang adalah lag 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BI Rate menyebabkan perubahan tingkat inflasi dalam jangka waktu dua bulan dan inflasi menyebabkan perubahan tingkat BI Rate dalam jangka waktu yang sama. Sejalan dengan hasil penelitian, maka BI Rate merupakan instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan inflasi agar tetap terjaga sesuai dengan target inflasi. Ketika inflasi telah berada dalam level yang rendah dan stabil, maka BI Rate dapat dipatok pada level yang rendah agar dapat meningkatkan kegiatan perekonomian di sektor riil.

Topic: Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Misdiagnosed Odontogenic Headache: Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction headache is one of the most common symptom and collectively headache is among most common symptom of the neurodisorders, however there might be several reasons behind different sort of headache, headache can also be classified as 1.Odontogenic headache 2. Non odontogenic headache Case report: Here we are going to discuss an unusual case report of headache.A middle aged Asian male presented with headache in the department of cardiology with a history of migraine of 20 years ago and he was suspecting the headache because of high bp 90/ 160.He was prescribed with Ace inhibitors.Still he was suffering from daily persistent headache with pain intensity 4/10.Subsequently he was suggested to see the neurologist.the patient was without any red flag sign, head and neck examination was normal.This headache was always worsen in the evening and night hours, after taking calcium channel blockers headache was relieved for several hours but again started in the early morning hours.This was wakening headache.This headache was also relieved after maintaining cross ventilation in the room.Headache was unilateral, never crossed the midline, intensity varied from mild to severe shooting pain, worsened by hot and cold winds directly or indirectly on the head.Patient also had acupressure therapy on yin tang and tai-yang acupoints but he can't get a stable relief. Conclusion:Careful and thorough history taking skills are the key points for diagnosing exact cause and origin of a headache.It may reduce useless financial burden in the stable treatment of headache.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Logic of Collective Responsibility in

Although European Monetary Union led to the creation of one of the world's most independent central banks, politics has not been removed from monetary integration. The European Central Bank's primary claim to legitimacy rests with its ability to deliver low inflation and presumably higher growth. Its independence may be insufficient for this task, making its relationship with political institutions like the Euro-i 2 and European Parliament more important over time in order to augment its own credibility. This article argues that a model of collective responsibility is more appropriate than one of principle-agent theory to describe the development of European monetary relations between the various institutions as they will need to rely on one another if a coherent European monetary policy is to take shape.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Value of 7T MRI and post‐processing in patients with nonlesional 3T MRI undergoing epilepsy presurgical evaluation

Abstract Objective Ultra‐high‐field 7‐Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers increased signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios, which may improve visualization of cortical malformations. We aim to assess the clinical value of in vivo structural 7T MRI and its post‐processing for the noninvasive identification of epileptic brain lesions in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and nonlesional 3T MRI who are undergoing presurgical evaluation. Methods Sixty‐seven patients were included who had nonlesional 3T MRI by official radiology report. Epilepsy protocols were used for the 3T and 7T acquisitions. Post‐processing of the 7T T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes sequence was performed using the morphometric analysis program (MAP) with comparison to a normal database consisting of 50 healthy controls. Review of 7T was performed by an experienced board‐certified neuroradiologist and at the multimodal patient management conference. The clinical significance of 7T findings was assessed based on intracranial electroencephalography (ICEEG) ictal onset, surgery, postoperative seizure outcomes, and histopathology. Results Unaided visual review of 7T detected previously unappreciated subtle lesions in 22% (15/67). When aided by 7T MAP, the total yield increased to 43% (29/67). The location of the 7T‐identified lesion was identical to or contained within the ICEEG ictal onset in 13 of 16 (81%). Complete resection of the 7T‐identified lesion was associated with seizure freedom ( P = .03). Histopathology of the 7T‐identified lesions encountered mainly focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). 7T MAP yielded 25% more lesions (6/24) than 3T MAP, and showed improved conspicuity in 46% (11/24). Significance Our data suggest a major benefit of 7T with post‐processing for detecting subtle FCD lesions for patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and nonlesional 3T MRI.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Re-Linking Fertility Behavior and Economic Security in Old Age: A Pronatalist Reform

This note discusses the case for and outlines the broad contours of an institutional innovation that developed countries might wish to consider if they are confronted with the prospect of sustained below-replacement level fertility. The proposed institutional reform stays within the frame of reference of the armamentarium of pronatalist policies now applied or contemplated in highly developed countries with below-replacement fertility insofar as it relies upon harnessing material incentives to induce an increase in aggregate parental propensity to have children. The reform however breaks away from the focus of the familiar pronatalist policy package on modifying the current or near-term economic status of families. Its objective instead is to reestablish the direct relationship that existed between individual fertility behavior and individual prospects for old-age economic security before modern economic advances and concomitant cultural changes decisively weakened that linkage. To achieve that objective the reform would earmark a socially agreed-upon fraction of the compulsory contribution from earnings that flows into the common pool from which pay-as-you-go national social security schemes are now financed and transfer that fraction to individual contributors live parents as an additional entitlement. The rules governing the distribution of receipts from the common pool would not be affected by this transfer.

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Study of TV Election News Coverage in the 2018 Local Election : Focused on News Format, Contents, Visual Elements

이 연구는 2018년 6월 13일 치러진 제7회 전국동시지방선거에서 지상파와 종편 뉴스보도의 형식과 내용, 영상요소 그리고 프레임을 분석한 것이다. 13일의 공식 선거운동 기간 동안 지상파와 종편 메인 뉴스에 대한 내용분석의 결과는 대체로 다음의 몇 가지로 요약되었다. 첫째, 방송뉴스 형식 차원의 대부분의 요소에서 기존의 보도 관행에서 여전히 벗어나지 못한 것으로 드러났다. 둘째, 방송뉴스의 내용과 관련해서도 후보스캔들이나 정당 공식 행사, 후보 공식 활동에 비해 선거 참여나 공약실현, 시민의 반응 그리고 공약 검증 등의 주제에 대한 보도 빈도가 현저하게 낮은 대신, 이른바 황색저널리즘의 면면과 맥을 같이하는 주제에 대하여 높은 관심을 보이고 있었다. 셋째, 보도 영상 요소 차원에 대한 분석은 방송사별 영상 요소 적용 방식과 기법이 적지 않은 차이가 있었지만, 그러한 차이가 개별 방송의 편견과 편향에 따른 불공정 보도의 징후로 단정 짓기는 어려웠다. 마지막으로, 이번 지방선거 관련 방송뉴스에서 강조된 이들 프레임도 그동안의 선거보도에서 자주 지적된 퇴행적 보도프레임이 반복되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석 결과는 바람직한 선거보도와 좋은 저널리즘의 원칙과 기준에 부합하는 선거방송 뉴스의 품격을 제고하기 위한 보다 적극적인 노력이 절실하게 요구된다는 사실을 시사해 주고 있었다.

Topic: Asian Culture and Media Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TLR4-Agonist Stimulated Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Both Hematopoietic Progenitors and Myeloid Differentiation

Abstract Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can replicate as undifferentiated cells in vitro and are capable of differentiating into multiple mesenchymal tissues. In the bone marrow, MSCs are thought to contribute to nurturing stroma involved in maintaining and modulating hematopoiesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as receptors for different conserved pathogen associated products as well as certain host derived molecules. TLRs are expressed in several hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, and their activation plays a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious agents, as well as in the development of pathologic conditions like autoimmune disease. In inflammatory conditions like sepsis, cytokines like G-CSF are elevated in serum, CD34+ cells increase in circulation, and bone marrow myelopoiesis is enhanced. We hypothesized that MSCs express TLRs and are capable to respond to TLR agonists by changing their cytokine expression pattern in order to more efficiently support hematopoiesis according to respective needs. In vitro cultured bone marrow MSCs were analyzed for mRNA expression of TLRs. TLR 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 expression, but not TLR 2, 7, 8, and 10 expression was detectable. Compared to human conventional and plasmacytoid blood dendritic cells, MSCs expressed TLR-3 and TLR-4 at levels up to 2 log higher than did conventional DCs, while TLR 9 expression was low. Upon in vitro stimulation with TLR-4 agonists, mRNA transcripts of flt3-ligand and thrombopoietin increased, and MSCs secreted high amounts of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF, whereas stimulation with TLR-9 agonists did not lead to changes in cytokine levels measured in supernatants. TLR-4 stimulated MSC conditioned media enhanced myeloid colony formation from human CD34+ cells about 2.5× fold compared to non-stimulated MSC conditioned media. Furthermore, in co-culture assays of MSCs with CD34+ cells, TLR-4 stimulated MSCs were capable to retain 8 fold more CD34+ cells in divisions 0–3 and maintained overall 2 fold higher numbers of CD34+ cells. In secondary colony formation assays, CD34+ cells from TLR-4 stimulated MSC co-cultures produced about 2.5 fold more myeloid colonies, with some being CFU-GEMM. Moreover, hematopoietic cells taken from TLR-4 stimulated MSC co-cultures were able to engraft conditioned newborn Rag 2−/− gc−/− mice and differentiated into B, T, and myeloid cells, while CD34+ cells from co-cultures of non-stimulated MSCs did not engraft. These findings thus suggest a regulatory mechanism how, e.g. in gram-negative infection, inflammatory signals are translated via stromal cells into sustained early hematopoiesis and myeloid differentiation to efficiently meet the requests of an ongoing innate immune response.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A framework for sustainable environmental analysis

Abstract This study aims to identify the determinants of key forces in the external and internal environment of event management to propose a sustainable environment analysis framework that will help organizers to improve the sustainability of the strategy formulation. The proposed framework incorporates sustainability practices, previous research on sustainable event management, existing strategies of sustainable strategic management, and the results from this study. This framework has adopted PEST Analysis (a framework used to analyse and monitor macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization’s performance) in external environment analysis and Mckinsey 7s Framework in internal environment analysis to identify sustainable-related determinants of key forces to propose common sustainable practices to get common acceptance for sustainability. The identified determinants were applied in the proposed framework to guide event organizer when identifying key forces of external and internal environment which can influence to achieve sustainability in the event. On top of this, SWOT Analysis (a strategic planning technique used to help an organization to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat related to business competition) was adopted to help event organizers to identify the opportunities and threats in the external environment and understand the strengths and weakness of the organization to formulate effective sustainable strategies and move their events toward sustainability.

Topic: Strategic Planning and Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
INTELLECTUALISM, EXPERIENCE, AND MOTOR UNDERSTANDING

Intellectualism is by deﬁnition a vice – the vice of overstating the role of
intellect in experience and action, of seeing reason (or inferences, or concepts) where they are not. In what follows I ﬁnd some justiﬁcation for
Dreyfus’s charge that McDowell’s views are intellectualist in this sense. But
my reasons leave me room to agree with McDowell: our rational capacities
also do, in a way, “pervasively shape” our experience, and this can make it
misguided to look for some “core” of experience we share with sentient
creatures that lack them.
My criticism is rooted in a recognition that our experience is also“pervasively shaped” by something we certainly do share with other
animals – namely, a capacity for movement. Such movement, I will argue,
makes for changes in how things appear to us that cannot be completely
captured in concepts of those things that the appearances aﬀord. So, in this
sense, concepts do not completely “pervade” our experience; experience by
nature “runs ahead” of the thought that it makes possible. Further, this
dynamic structure of appearance, shaped by motor activity, makes objects
apparent to us; it is suﬃcient to yield “object directedness” – to give
us experience of space – even absent the powers of “self-critical rationality”
that McDowell deems essential. So we can share this spatial form of experience with animals that lack our intellectual self-consciousness, even if things
never look to them quite as they do to us.
Explaining these ideas will occupy roughly the ﬁrst two-thirds of this chap-ter. In the remainder, I will further develop these themes of self-consciousness
and sensorimotor activity by considering how Merleau-Ponty ﬁgures in the
Dreyfus/McDowell dispute. I will absolve him of McDowell’s charge that
he subscribes to some risible “Myth of the Disembodied Intellect.” Myinterpretation of the “impersonal existence” Merleau-Ponty says we lead as
perceivers will credit him with a more interesting view. It will ﬁnd him
engaged in a serious eﬀort to meet the challenge that animates much of
McDowell’s own work, that of how best to integrate a conception of ourselves as “active thinkers” with an understanding of our embodied, sentient
nature. Altogether, my remarks here will, I hope, contribute to an understanding of just where intellectualist pitfalls lie, and of where alternatives to
them may be sought.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanism of Wettability and Pore Water Occurrence State in Overmaturity Shale: A Case Study of Longmaxi Formation Shale in South Sichuan Basin, China

Pore water occupying pore surfaces and filling pore spaces significantly impacts the occurrence and exploration of shale gas. Shale gas exploration and development in China have shifted toward deep to ultradeep marine shale formations in the high-maturity to the overmaturity stage. However, the existing research on shale pore water mainly focuses on shallow to medium-deep shale, and the understanding of the wetting characteristics and pore water evolution of high-maturity-overmaturity marine shale is insufficient. Therefore, this study takes the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example to carry out contact angles, spontaneous imbibition, and drying-NMR coupling experiments to explore the wettability characteristics and pore water occurrence conditions of shale in the overmaturity stage. Subsequently, an evolution model of wettability characteristics and pore water occurrence characteristics in the overmaturity stage of shale was established. The results show that the maturity degree controls the shale wettability significantly. With increasing maturity, the Longmaxi Formation shale reservoir transforms from water-wet to weakly water-wet. The pore size range of movable water, capillary-bound water, clay-bound water, and hydration water are 6.48–8.47, 2.28–7.12, 1.07–2.28, and 1.07 nm or less, respectively. The controlling model with two stages of wettability on the occurrence of pore water was established. In stage I (R0 = 3.0%–3.8%), due to the effect of organic matter graphitization, graphitized organic matter pores collapsed under the action of ground stress. This leads to a decrease in the area available for fluid adsorption and the percentage of micropores, and the shale water-wettability is slowly weakened, so the percentage of movable water increases and then slowly decreases. In stage II (R0 = 3.8%–4.2%), with a further increase in graphitization, graphite crystals occupy the original microporous volume, resulting in a rapid weakening of shale wettability and a rapid increase in the percentage of movable water.

Topic: Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Table 2 from KRAS Mutation Status Is Associated with Enhanced Dependency on Folate Metabolism Pathways in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 68K, Normalized basal gene expression microarray data for non-squamous NSCLC NCI60 cell lines were grouped according to KRAS mutation status. Genes showing significant differences in expression between KRAS mutant and KRAS wildtype cells were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and significantly different upstream regulators were predicted.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Gene expression and cancer classification
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences