jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Formate in serum and urine after controlled methanol exposure at the threshold limit value.

Methanol will be present as a new air pollutant when methanol-powered vehicles are introduced in the United States. Little is known about the effect of low-dose methanol exposure. It is controversial whether or not formate, the main metabolite responsible for methanol's acute toxicity, is a sensitive biological marker of toxicity or exposure. We studied the effect of a 4-hr exposure at rest to 200 ppm of methanol vapors on endogenous serum formate and on urinary formic acid excretion. A randomized, double-blind study of human exposure to a constant concentration of methanol was performed in a whole-body exposure chamber. Twenty-six healthy volunteers, each serving as his or her own control, participated in sham and methanol exposures. Urine (at 0, 4, 8 hr) and serum specimens (15 time points over 8 hr) collected before, during, and after the exposure were measured for formate. We found no significant differences in serum formate concentration between exposure and control conditions either at any time point or for area under the curve. Mean concentrations at the end of the exposure were: exposed 14.28 +/- 8.90 mg/l and control 12.68 +/- 6.43 mg/l. A slight, but nonsignificant (p = 0.08), increase in urine formate excretion rate was found at 4 hr (exposed 2.17 +/- 1.69 mg/4 hr and control 1.67 +/- 1.02 mg/4 hr). Age, sex, folic acid level, and smoking were not significant covariates. At 200 ppm, methanol exposure does not contribute substantially to endogenous formate quantities. Serum and urine formate determinations are not sensitive biological markers of methanol exposure at the threshold limit value.

Topic: Poisoning and overdose treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TANGGUNG JAWAB PERAWAT GIGI TERHADAP TINDAKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN GIGI YANG SESUAI DAN TIDAK SESUAI KOMPETENSI

TITLEThe dental nurse responsible to appropriate and incompetent dental servicesABSTRACTAuthority possessed by a dental nurse to perform ministerial duties is the legal authority (rechtsbevoegheid). On the basis of this authority, a health worker is entitled to treatment in accordance with their competence. When the administrative requirements to carry out the profession have been met, then the dental nurse as a profession carrier has obtained the professional authority in the work. However, if a health worker do the job without authority, may be considered to violate one of the professional standards of health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the responsibility of Dental Nurses implementation of the actions of dental health services in Bergas PHC, Duren PHC and Suruh PHC in district of Semarang. This research is a descriptive study that aims to describe systematically and accurately the facts and characteristics of the population or about a particular field. This study sought to describe a situation or event. The instrument used was the questionnaire.From the results of the study conducted by researchers in the field of the Dental Nurses at Duren PHC, Duren PHC and Suruh PHC in district of Semarang by interview can be seen and showed that the majority of Dental Nurses who work in clinics have been carrying out job responsibilities properly in accordance with the competence of Nurses teeth and is in conformity with the laws and regulations governing dental Nurses. But also the results obtained that a small portion Dental Nurses who perform actions beyond the competence stipulated in the legislation governing the dental nurse. Keywords : Responsibilities of Dental Nurses, Dental Health Care Measures

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Satisfaction
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
KOSOVA/O AND THE CHALLENGES OF RECOGNITION

Kosova si a new state in the Balkans created during the process of dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. The creation of this new state was very difficult and complicated, as well. This from both perspectives: internationally and locally. The process of Kosova independence differes from the approaches we may have, but we all agree that it was a difficult process and that Kosova would not have achieved independence, without strong international engagement. The project/ion of Kosova independence is not a pure Kosovar Albanian projection. It is also an international project as well, at least to a determined extent. Kosova since its Declaration of Independence has been recognized by a considered number of states but still the challenges of recognition are being met by Kosova people and Kosova institutions. International Community regarding the right of Kosova to self determination was split to some extent whereas also we could see different approaches within the academia and scholars regarding the right to self determination of Kosova. This has made the process of Kosova recognition to be a difficult process from international perspectives even though Kosova is already recognized from more than 100 states of the World.In addition International Court of Justice didn’t find Kosovo Declaration of Independence violating the International Law. Kosova institutions also have not shown to be enough strong in the process of lobbying for more recognitions. Therefore needs for recognitions are crucial and Kosova institutions have still a task to ensure as much as possible recognitions using arguments about the right of Kosova to self determination and explaining that Kosova is a sui generis case that can not be a precedent for other people aspiring self determination.

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A study of the cognitive vulnerability of first degree parents' of patients suffering from schizophrenia

Schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives suffer from cognitive deficits in different area (memory, executive, attentional and language functions) which allows us to consider these deficits as endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients also suffer from a lack of autobiographical memory and instability of identity: our study aims to determine whether this deficit and this instability are endophenotypes of schizophrenia. In order to reach this objective, we evaluated first-degree relatives. The results show that first-degree relatives suffer from cognitive deficits but, contrary to our hypotheses, not any deficit of specificity or instability of identity have been highlighted among these parents.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data Supplement from Selective Release of a Cyclopamine Glucuronide Prodrug toward Stem-like Cancer Cell Inhibition in Glioblastoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3: CGP-2 decreased nestin mRNA expression.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
High Natural Background Radiation Areas: A Literature Review that Reveals Systematic Adaptive Response but Controversial Data With Single Dose

The natural radiation background contributes to the dose of ionizing radiation received by the whole population. However, the telluric component of the natural background radiation is not homogenous on Earth: while the average effective dose has been estimated to be 2.4 mSv/year worldwide, certain regions are considered as high natural background radiation areas (HBRA). To investigate the specificities of a continuous exposure to low-dose-rate irradiation, we reviewed data of the major HBRA from 98 studies published between 1973 and 2023. Three conclusions were drawn: 1) the dose received by the HBRA inhabitants is much lower than values assessed on hot spots : at Ramsar (Iran), 260 mSv/year were assessed at the highest hotspots but the maximal estimated dose-rate received by inhabitants is 80 mSv/year; 2) when DNA or chromosome breaks, cancer or accelerated aging are used as endpoints, no significant difference was observed between cells from HBRA and non-HBRA inhabitants; 3) conversely, adaptive response effect was systematically observed on ex vivo lymphocytes from HBRA inhabitants when they are exposed to a high dose ranging for 0.25 to 4 Gy. A mechanistic model based on the radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein provides an explanation to these last two conclusions.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAP MELALUI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 ANJATAN KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

Learning economies rated by students impressed many theories, so it is not easy to understand the material economy. This is caused by the way the students were impressed full text in the economy recorded material resulting in short term memory. Thus, the need for learning model learning Mind Map via audio-visual media that trigger the brain students to think more creatively organized by recording the audio-visual-aided learning media as a learning support so that the benefits can increase students' understanding of the concept and trigger long-term memory. Thus, the formulation of the problem is how the student response, a different perception of the concept of student learning experimental class and control class, and how much influence the learning model learning Mind Map via audio-visual media to the understanding of the concept of student learning?This study aims to determine the students' response to the economic learning by applying learning models Mind Map via instructional media audio-visual equipment, a different perception of the concept of student learning visits than - average value graders control and experiment and its influence applying the learning model Mind Map via instructional media audio-visual to the understanding of the concept of students of class XI IPS.The method used is a quasi-experimental method with a sample of class XI IPS 1 and XI IPS 4 SMAN 1 Anjatan Indramayu. Retrieving data using tests and questionnaires. Tests to measure students' understanding of the concept and a questionnaire to know the student's response. The results showed a good response to the economic learning by applying the learning model of learning Mind Map via audio-visual media of 85.83% and a significant effect on students' understanding of the concept on economic subjects regional international trade material by simple regression test with the results taccount &gt; ttabel is 7314 &gt; 1.701. It meant Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.Â Keywords: Learning Model of the Mind Map, Learning Media Audio Visual and Concept Training Student Learning.

Topic: STEM Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cryopreservation of Sweetpotato Shoot Tips by Vitrification

Cryopreservation offers the simplest and most economical way for the long-term conservation of germplasm and vitrification is the preferred method to accomplish this. Undefined endogenous compounds are produced during plant growth and shoot tip preculture conditions. These may influence “cryopreservability” and interact with cryoprotectants that are artificially added during the cryogenic protocol. We are beginning to examine these aspects to improve cryopreservation. Nodal segments of PI 296057 were propagated on a hormone-free modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium and were grown with 16 hr/8 hr photoperiod. Shoot tips were excised at 0, 3 or 10 hr in light after the dark period. Excised shoot tips were precultured in 0.06 M sucrose in MS for 24 hr and 0.3 M sucrose in MS for 24 hr and then treated with 0.4 M sucrose plus 2 M glycerol for 20 min or 1 hr before being dehydrated in PVS2 [30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethylsulfoxide in MS and 0.4 M sucrose[for 10, 16 or 26 min at 22°C. Shoot tips were placed on thin strips of aluminum foil, which were folded to enclose the shoot tips and then immersed in a liquid nitrogen (LN) slush. Rapid warming and dilution were achieved by transferring the foil strips from LN into 3 ml of 1.2 M sucrose at 22°C for 20 min. All cultures were incubated in darkness for 2 days then dim light for 3 days before transfer to the usual light intensity. Elimination of iron and nitrogen from MS medium in post thaw culture for 5 days increased the viability of LN-treated samples. Maximum survival after LN exposure was achieved with excision immediately after the dark photoperiod, cultured for 1 hr in 0.4 M sucrose plus 2 M glycerol and exposed for 16 min in 100% PVS2 at 22°C. Previously, Towill and Jarret (1992, Plant Cell Reports 11: 175–178) reported that surviving shoot tips developed callus and a variable percentage subsequently formed shoots. In this line all surviving shoot tips eventually formed shoots.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America List 27 2013

This list of the North American vegetable cultivars was developed using the database of cultivars registered with the American Seed Trade Association, as well as published descriptions from scientific journals, seed catalogs, and websites of seed companies.Assistant editors responsible for each crop were instructed to obtain as much information as possible about the cultivars available to North American growers.The crop species are listed alphabetically, with cultivars listed alphabetically within each of those.The information about each cultivar is presented in a standard format that includes the cultivar name, experimental designation, breeder, vendor, parentage, plant characteristics, disease and other resistances, similar cultivars, areas of adaptation, plant variety protection information, reference information, and year of release.In many cases, complete information was not available for the cultivars included in the list.Previous vegetable cultivar lists have been published (1-26) in this journal, and its predecessor.1.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Does deep processing protect against mind wandering and other lapses of attention during learning?

Three experiments examined if deep processing would aid in reducing off-task thoughts during learning. In each experiment, participants learned words or pairs of words under deep or shallow conditions. During learning, participants were periodically presented with thought-probes to examine if they were experiencing off-task thoughts (mind wandering, external distraction, mind blanking). Levels of processing was manipulated both within (Experiment 1) and between subjects (Experiments 2 and 3) using structural, rhyme, and semantic judgements and testing memory with cued-recall (Experiments 1 and 2) or recognition (Experiment 3). All three experiments demonstrated a levels of processing effect on memory with better performance in deep compared to shallow conditions. Importantly, in all three experiments rates of off-task thinking (and mind wandering more specifically) were the same across conditions and Bayes factors suggested moderate evidence in favour of the null hypothesis. The results suggest that deep processing does not necessarily protect against mind wandering and other lapses of attention.

Topic: Mind wandering and attention
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of System Stability in Dual-Area Network Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources with Learning Method

The most crucial requirement for any modern electrical system is stability. There have been recent reports of grid stability problems associated with the exponential increase in electrical and electronic loads. The test system chosen to evaluate system performance in the presence of renewable energy-based generation units is Kundur's Two-Area System. The current analysis examines problems that arise from the direct integration of these resources, including power stability at generator nodes in the grid system and rotor angle stability. This paper presents a comprehensive dynamic system optimisation technique with the aim of improving system stability in multiple ways. The study explores the effects on a two-area, four-machine system using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment as the platform for system design and implementation. Wind energy systems are integrated first in Area 1, without the use of a dynamic optimisation control. Area 2 incorporates a dynamic optimisation controller along with solar and wind energy systems. At crucial bus points in the power system, the suggested control mechanism efficiently stabilises rotor angles and power generation.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emergence in Spain of a Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Clinical Isolate Producing SFO-1 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase

ABSTRACT Between February 2006 and October 2009, 38 patients in different wards at the A Coruña University Hospital (northwest Spain) were either infected with or colonized by an epidemic, multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strain of Enterobacter cloacae (EbSF), which was susceptible only to carbapenems. Semiautomated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that all of the E. cloacae isolates belonged to the same clone. Cloning and sequencing enabled the detection of the SFO-1 ESBL in the epidemic strain and the description of its genetic environment. The presence of the ampR gene was detected upstream of bla SFO-1 , and two complete sequences of IS 26 surrounding ampR and ampA were detected. These IS 26 sequences are bordered by complete left and right inverted repeats (IRL and IRR, respectively), which suggested that they were functional. The whole segment flanked by two IS 26 copies may be considered a putative large composite transposon. A gene coding for aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (gentamicin resistance gene [ aac3 ]) was found downstream of the 3′ IS 26 . Despite the implementation of strict infection control measures, strain EbSF spread through different areas of the hospital. A case-control study was performed to assess risk factors for EbSF acquisition. A multivariate analysis revealed that the prior administration of β-lactam antibiotics, chronic renal failure, tracheostomy, and prior hospitalization were statistically associated with SFO-1-producing E. cloacae acquisition. This study describes for the first time an outbreak in which an SFO-1-producing E. cloacae strain was involved. Note that so far, this β-lactamase has previously been isolated in only a single case of E. cloacae infection in Japan.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Observation on the clinical symptoms and sporocyst excretion in human volunteers experimentally infected with Sarcocystis hominis].

All the experimentally infected persons had gastrointestinal symptoms and passed sporocysts and oocysts in faeces 10-12 days after infection and persisted for 11-29 days.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel location privacy framework without trusted third party based on location anonymity prediction

Location-based services are becoming increasingly popular with the proliferation of location aware devices. It is not possible to access location-based services and preserve privacy at the same time when the user provides exact location information. Cloaking or obfuscating location data is the only way to protect location-privacy. To do that, most of the systems use third party location anonymizer. In this paper, we propose a novel location privacy framework without any trusted third party (TTP). Most of the existing solutions attempt to satisfy k-anonymity. However, there are several drawbacks of using fixed and user defined k. In order to solve the problems our proposed solution aims to meet probabilistic k-anonymity. Based on historic data expected number of users present in a place is predicted which is used as probabilistic anonymity level. Thus we eliminate the use of any TTP which results into improvement of query-processing time and provides fewer query results for the user to process eventually minimizing the overall response time. Users' exact location information is not revealed in either communication or computation process.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An <scp>SDN</scp>‐based <scp>DDoS</scp> defense approach using route obfuscation

Summary DDoS attack as an attempt to make an online service inaccessible by suppressing it with massive traffic from various sources is a problem that is getting worse by the day, and when customers need to implement DDoS mitigation solutions in their network, they often have to make major changes to the existing network in terms of establishing new protocols or the need to completely redesign the existing network. Software evolution in networks under the name of software‐defined networks is developing and advancing in parallel with traditional networks, and the tendency and migration towards this generation of networks may be considered more and more seriously. Using SDN to encounter DDoS attacks, given its reactive capabilities, brings strategies such as dynamic cyber deception and active defense to minds, against attackers. In this article, we show how to obfuscate the network route to the destination by playing the address in the path and destination of the attacker's request, without understanding them from the heart of the issue by using the capabilities of software‐defined networks and lead DDoS attack flows, and kept the rest of network safe with least effect on topology from this destruction.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Taxonomic Studies on Onchocerciasis Vectors in Ecuador and Brazil

This chapter provides an up-to-date digest of the findings and tentative conclusions about the identities of simuliids involved in the transmission of South American onchocerciasis in Ecuador and Brazil. Distribution studies in Ecuador show that S. exiguum is a common anthropophilic species that breeds typically in larger watercourses in the western coastal plain from Esmeraldas Province in the north to the Peruvian frontier in the south. Onchocerciasis was first found in Brazil in 1967, and its distribution there was defined in the early 1970s by Moraes. The disease is confined to an isolated forested region in northwestern Roraima Territory and northern Amazonas State and only involves Yanomami and Maiongong Indians, together with long-term visitors to the area, such as missionaries and Brazilian Indian Agency personnel. Current investigations on the vector species of Amazonia include the morphotaxonomic and cytotaxonomic study of populations from diverse localities in Amazonia in order to correlate cytological differences with the observed morphological variation.

Topic: Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences