jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of various host factors to resistance to experimentally induced bacterial endotoxemia in calves

SUMMARY The reactions of 15 calves to iv administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide was investigated and was correlated with the capacity of 2 host defense mechanisms. The calves had a wide range of changes in clinical response, total wbc count, plasma lactate dehydoogeaaee ( ld ) activity, reaction to intradermally inoculated lipid A, and rectal temperature response. The early rectal temperature response of an individual calf was correlated with plasma ld activity, indicating a relationship between cell damage and fever. The concentration of antibody against lipid A at the time of lipopolysaccharide inoculation was negatively correlated with the rectal temperature changes recorded during endotoxemia, suggesting a protective ability of antibody. The capacity of a plasma inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-mediated clotting of limulus amebocyte lysate was correlated with increases in plasma ld activity. Therefore, antibody to lipid A probably is involved in protection of cattle during endotoxemia, but the plasma lipopolysaccharide inhibitor actually may potentiate lipopolysaccharide toxicity.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Higher Concordance in Clinical Assessment versus Ultrasound to Estimate Fetal Weight when it compares with Birth Weight in Full-Term Newborns

Introduction: the aim of this trial was to estimate fetal weight by clinical and ultrasound methods and to compare with the weight at birth in full-term newborns. Methods: This is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study of a cohort of healthy full-term newborns. The sample size was 102 neonates born at the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, in Quito, Ecuador, from November 2019 to January 2020. Results: In full-term neonates, the estimate on ultrasound was 80.00%, while in the clinical assessment was 72.29%. The profile of newborn analyzed is man, mestizo, Ecuadorian, born in the highlands region, with a mean gestational age of 38.67 weeks and a mean birth weight of 3,023 grams, in whom it estimated the fetal weight through ultrasound and clinical assessment. The estimation of the absolute error in both methods analyzed was 2.43% to ultrasound and -4.65% to clinical assessment, and both showed moderate concordance, 78.2% to ultrasound, and 85.6% to clinical assessment. Multivariate analysis showed the neonates with modified weight by ultrasound are 13.44 times more likely to show altered weight at birth, while neonates with modified weight by the clinical assessment are 11.95 times more likely to show altered weight at birth. Conclusions: Accuracy in the clinical assessment was always higher than in the ultrasound method, especially in low weight newborns.

Topic: Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Stable‐isotope studies on the collagenic and hydroxylapatite components of fossils: Palaeoecological implications

Collagenic material has been extracted and analysed for stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios from Henschke Cave, a Late Pleistocene fossil locality, South Australia. The carnivore Thylacoleo carnifex most likely consumed omnivores (Parameles spp.) with a palaeodiet of C3 plant material under a forest canopy, which was also recorded in the herbivores analysed (Macropus spp., Sthenurus spp. and Diprotodon spp.). A forested environment supports previous interpretations of extant fauna and their modern habitats. The presence of negative nitrogen-isotope ratios in herbivores has been interpreted as non-diagenetic on the basis of carbon/nitrogen ratios and amino acid spectra, and in fact may be indicative of acidic soils. Analyses on bone and enamel carbonate hydroxylapatite from the same species support the conclusion that bone is unreliable for palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological research. However, bone carbonate hydroxylapatite may prove valuable in assessing the extent of isotopic fractionation during diagenesis. A review of carbon-isotope analyses on fossil collagenic material and enamel carbonate hydroxylapatite suggests a carnivore-herbivore boundary. The application of this boundary in palaeoecological research requires further investigation. Future palaeoecological research on fossils needs to incorporate stable-isotope analyses on the carbonate hydroxylapatite and collagenic components of fossils.

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tralokinumab for the Treatment of Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: The ATMOSPHERE Clinical Development Program

Tralokinumab, a fully human IgG<sub>4</sub> monoclonal antibody, specifically neutralizes IL-13. The ATMOSPHERE clinical development program comprised four randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and an open-label study that aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab for the treatment of severe, uncontrolled asthma. The two pivotal trials (STRATOS 1 and STRATOS 2; NCT02161757 and NCT02194699) evaluated the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab, with STRATOS 1 identifying a subgroup most likely to demonstrate enhanced response to treatment. Further trials have assessed the ability of tralokinumab to reduce oral corticosteroid use (TROPOS; NCT02281357) and determined its mechanistic effects (MESOS; NCT02449473). An open-label study in Japanese individuals (NCT02902809) assessed the long-term safety and tolerability of tralokinumab in this population.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Perceptions of Pay Equity on Employees' Motivation, Involvement, Satisfaction, and Performance

The relationship between perceptions of pay level, internal pay equity, external pay equity, personal input, and job demands and a number of work outcomes was examined in a sample of 101 university teachers. Only two of the 20 correlations between those perceptions and the outcomes of work satisfaction, job involvement, internal motivation and self-rated performance were significant, suggesting that in this sample perceptions of different aspects of pay equity are unrelated to positive work outcomes.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Induction of Robust Type-I CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell Responses in WHO Grade 2 Low-Grade Glioma Patients Receiving Peptide-Based Vaccines in Combination with Poly-ICLC

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry evaluating expression of vaccine-targeted antigens in resected tumor tissues.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A 28-fold increase in secretory protein synthesis is associated with DNA puff activity in the salivary gland of Bradysia hygida (Diptera, Sciaridae)

When the first group of DNA puffs is active in the salivary gland regions S1 and S3 of Bradysia hygida larvae, there is a large increase in the production and secretion of new salivary proteins demonstrable by [3H]-Leu incorporation. The present study shows that protein separation by SDS-PAGE and detection by fluorography demonstrated that these polypeptides range in molecular mass from about 23 to 100 kDa. Furthermore, these proteins were synthesized mainly in the S1 and S3 salivary gland regions where the DNA puffs C7, C5, C4 and B10 are conspicuous, while in the S2 region protein synthesis was very low. Others have shown that the extent of amplification for DNA sequences that code for mRNA in the DNA puffs C4 and B10 was about 22 and 10 times, respectively. The present data for this group of DNA puffs are consistent with the proposition that gene amplification is necessary to provide some cells with additional gene copies for the production of massive amounts of proteins within a short period of time (Spradling AC and Mahowald AP (1980) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 77: 1096-1100).

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Seismic response of high-filled reinforced embankment based on SIMULINK

In order to study seismic response of high-filled reinforced embankment,the embankment was simplified as a multi-mass system,and its dynamic equation under horizontal seismic was deduced considering the effects of reinforcements on soil lateral stiffness and reinforcement-soil friction.The dynamic system represented by the dynamic equation was expressed using the state space method.According to the state equation,a numerical simulation model was established using SIMULINK so that the dynamic response can be obtained.This proposed model was applied to simulate the seismic response of a railway embankment,and the analysis results were compared with those by FLAC2D.The results show that this method is simple and practical,and the parameters in this model can be obtained by general geotechnical experiments,so it can be used in actual seismic engineering.Reinforcements in soil can significantly reduce acceleration amplification effect and horizontal displacement at the top of the embankment due to the horizontal seismic input.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MORE EFFECTIVE PLACE MANAGEMENT: AN EVALUATION OF COOK COUNTY'S NARCOTICS NUISANCE ABATEMENT UNIT

This chapter describes an impact evaluation of the Narcotics Nuisance Abatement Unit (NNAU) of the Cook County (Chicago) State's Attorney's Office (CCSAO). A central feature of the program is its emphasis on citizen and police cooperation in identifying properties on which drug sales are occurring. The program began in August 1990 and has become part of a community-based drug control strategy targeting buildings that are sites for drug trafficking or sales of drug paraphernalia. Neighborhood groups, police and other government agencies contact the program to make it aware of such nuisances. The NNAU employs three strategies: voluntary abatement, prosecutorial abatement and community outreach. The current chapter deals with the NNAU's effects on residents' perceptions and on subsequent drug dealing. A survey of residents living on blocks with and without abatement actions produced no evidence that evictions had any impact on citizens' perceptions of drug activity, other signs of disorder or feelings of safety on the block. Follow-up observations found no signs of drug dealing at eight of the ten abated buildings studied or on the blocks on which they were located.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
“I Help Them Navigate the Organization”: Recognizing the Contributions of Non-Clinical Professionals to Person-Centered Approaches in Assisted Living

The current study explored the contribution of non-clinical professionals, such as housekeepers and maintenance mechanics, in promoting person-centered care (PCC) for older adults residing in assisted living. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with staff ( n = 8), concierge ( n = 2), maintenance mechanics ( n = 2), housekeepers ( n = 3), and an administrative assistant ( n = 1) from an assisted living organization were conducted. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and reviewed for accuracy. The comments from the staff were coded based on prior PCC themes (i.e., promoting decision making, meaningful living, pleasurable living, and personhood). Results show that non-clinical staff play an important role in facilitating PCC in their everyday tasks with residents. A new sub-theme was added regarding how non-clinical staff help residents in assisted living navigate the organization. Findings suggest that all tasks, no matter how routine, can be performed in a person-centered manner, contributing to the quality of life of older adults in assisted living. The authors recommend including all staff who have direct contact with residents in person-centered education and training efforts as they support the PCC goals of an organization. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44 (2), 9–13.]

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Two Different Packing Arrangements of Antiparallel Polyalanine

Zwei β-Faltblatt-Anordnungen: Die antiparallele Kristallpackung von Polyalaninen hängt von der Polymerlänge ab: Kurze Polymere mit sechs Alaninresten oder weniger liegen in einer rechteckigen Packung vor, längere Polymere dagegen in einer gestapelten (siehe Schema). Die Aufklärung dieser Strukturen hilft möglicherweise bei der Erklärung der physikalischen und biologischen Eigenschaften von Polyalaninen.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of passenger satisfaction on relationship formation in the South African domestic airline industry

Customers are increasingly becoming aware of alternative offerings in the market place, and are thus more demanding in terms of their expectations pertaining to service delivery. As airlines in particular are vulnerable to competitors’ offerings, they should offer passengers high levels of service and ensure that passengers are satisfied with their service offering in an effort to build long-term relationships. Building long-term relationships is important due to the financial and social benefits it holds to both the business and its customer. This study investigates whether passenger satisfaction influences whether or not passengers have formed a long-term relationship with the airline they fly with most often. Data was collected from South African domestic passengers departing from OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg by means of a convenience sample. Main findings from the study indicate that the majority of dissatisfied respondents have not formed a long-term relationship with the domestic airline, while satisfied respondents are more inclined to form a long-term relationship.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Prevents Rejection of Islet Xenografts (Rat to Mouse)

The effect of in vivo administration of exogenous tumor necrosis factor-α on the survival of rat islet xenografts in STZ-induced diabetic mice was examined. Daily subcutaneous injections of purified recombinant murine TNF-α (3 μg/day) for 7 days after transplantation of islets prolonged the survival of the xenografts (26.7 ± 4.9 days) compared with controls (11.2 ± 1.1 days). Extension of the treatment from 0 to 59 days after transplantation produced an even greater prolongation of graft survival (53.7 ± 8.5 days). After cessation of treatment, an accelerated rejection of the grafts occurred. A most interesting finding was that delaying initiation of treatment until 3 days after transplantation and continuing until 60 days produced a remarkable prolongation of xenograft survival (mean survival time &amp;gt; 89.8 ± 17.5 days) with 2 recipients still normoglycemic at 124 days. Removal of the grafts at this time returned the 2 mice to a diabetic state. A second islet transplant from the same donor rat strain (Wistar-Furth) had an accelerated rejection, indicating that the long-term survival of the xenografts was not because of induction of tolerance. Delaying initiation of TNF treatment until 6 days after transplantation produced only a slight prolongation of survival (17.5 ± 1.2 days). Prolongation of islet xenograft survival also was obtained by continuous, subcutaneous delivery of TNF-α by a 7-day miniosmotic pump (3 μg/day). Lower daily doses of TNF-α (0.003, 0.3, and 1.0 μg) had no effect on graft survival. The findings indicate that daily subcutaneous injections of TNF-α will prevent rejection of rat islet xenografts, and if treatment is initiated early in the rejection process (3 days), then marked prolongation of survival continues even after cessation of treatment with TNF-α.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Counseling Family Members of Addicts/Alcoholics: The Stages of Change Model

This article adapts the stages of change model, a model in which specific interventions of harm reduction are directed toward the client's readiness for treatment, as a guiding framework for counseling family members of alcoholics/addicts. Interventions at each stage of the family's readiness for change, from precontemplation to action, are described. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Process-microstructure-property relationships of high-pressure die cast AE44 magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloy AE44-2, with composition Mg-4Al-4RE-0.2Mn in wt% where RE = mixed La + Ce rare earth metals, is an attractive high pressure die casting (HPDC) alloy for automotive applications. However, microstructure formation during HPDC of this alloy is less well understood than the AM- and AZ-series magnesium alloys. This thesis focuses on the factors affecting the morphology and lengthscale of α-Mg grains, the α-Mg + Al11RE3 eutectic, and the large (Al,Si)2RE, Al2RE, Al10Mn7RE2 and Al8Mn4RE intermetallic phases during the HPDC of AE44. This thesis first investigates shot sleeve pre-solidification and its influence on the microstructure and tensile properties of HPDC. The pre-solidification is always a critical factor in high pressure die casting (HPDC), which directly influences the formation of defects and the final mechanical properties. This thesis developed the understanding of the pre-solidification as a step in developing methods to control the formation of pre-solidification, in order to reduce the defect formation and improve the mechanical properties of HPDC Mg alloys. Next, geometric models are built to explain the morphology of the in-cavity solidified α-Mg. Finally, the influence of growth twinning and orientation relationships (ORs) on the morphology of the intermetallic compounds is explored. Whilst the identities of the blocky intermetallic phases in HPDC AE44 are fairly well-established, much less is known about their growth crystallography during casting and how this affects the intermetallic particle morphology. Since the size and shape of large intermetallics in castings is known to determine their effects on mechanical performance. This thesis developed the understanding of the growth crystallography of the intermetallic as a step in developing methods to control their size and shape.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advanced Models and Fast Simulation Algorithms for MARS Plants

With the successful commercialization of modular multilevel converters (MMC) and rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) penetration and energy storage systems (ESS), one of the research areas being explored dynamically is integration of PV systems and ESS systems to MMCs. On this front, an integrated development of PV plants, ESS, and alternating- and direct-current (ac/dc) systems through Multi-Port Autonomous Reconfigurable Solar (MARS) plant is proposed and being researched upon. However, simulation of MARS systems on traditional existing software takes very long time (order of days) due to the presence of a large number of states and non-linear devices. Therefore, development of fast high fidelity models is of paramount importance to test the hardware design, control design and planning of power system expansions. In this context, two research objectives are addressed in this paper: firstly, an ultra fast single- or multi- CPU simulation algorithm to simulate the MARS system based on state-space models, hybrid discretization algorithm with a relaxation technique that reduces the imposed computational burden and a multi-rate method is presented. Secondly, a reduced order model of MARS is also presented. Both the developed techniques are validated with respect to reference PSCAD/EMTDC model.

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 112066 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "DatasetKey" : [ "is Happywhale - Humpback Whale in North Pacific Ocean" ] } The dataset includes 112066 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0365306-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What kills international organisations? When and why international organisations terminate

This article addresses the puzzle of why, and under what conditions, international organisations cease to exist. International Relations literature offers rich explanations for the creation, design and effectiveness of international institutions and their organisational embodiments, international organizations (IOs), but surprisingly little effort has gone into studying the dynamics of IO termination. Yet if we want to understand the conditions under which international organisations endure, we must also explain why they frequently fail to do so. The article formulates and tests a theory of ‘IO death’ using a combination of population-wide statistical analysis and detailed historical case studies. My analysis is based on an original dataset covering the period 1815–2016. I find that exogenous shocks are a leading proximate cause of IO terminations since 1815 and that organisations that are newly created, have small memberships, and/or lack centralised structures are most likely to succumb. My analysis leads me to suggest a number of extensions and refinements to existing institutionalist theories.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lifestyle Habits among Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients in Malta

Although there is an overall lower uptake of some unhealthy habits by Maltese adult congenital heart disease patients, this is not consistent between sexes or age groups. Male and older patients and those with milder lesions might need more reinforcement of the advice given regarding lifestyle habits. All patients need targeted exercise prescription to ensure better physical activity levels.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences