jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An approach to probe some neural systems interaction by functional MRI at neural time scale down to milliseconds

In this paper, we demonstrate an approach by which some evoked neuronal events can be probed by functional MRI (fMRI) signal with temporal resolution at the time scale of tens of milliseconds. The approach is based on the close relationship between neuronal electrical events and fMRI signal that is experimentally demonstrated in concurrent fMRI and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies conducted in a rat model with forepaw electrical stimulation. We observed a refractory period of neuronal origin in a two-stimuli paradigm: the first stimulation pulse suppressed the evoked activity in both EEG and fMRI signal responding to the subsequent stimulus for a period of several hundred milliseconds. When there was an apparent site–site interaction detected in the evoked EEG signal induced by two stimuli that were primarily targeted to activate two different sites in the brain, fMRI also displayed signal amplitude modulation because of the interactive event. With visual stimulation using two short pulses in the human brain, a similar refractory phenomenon was observed in activated fMRI signals in the primary visual cortex. In addition, for interstimulus intervals shorter than the known latency time of the evoked potential induced by the first stimulus (≈100 ms) in the primary visual cortex of the human brain, the suppression was not present. Thus, by controlling the temporal relation of input tasks, it is possible to study temporal evolution of certain neural events at the time scale of their evoked electrical activity by noninvasive fMRI methodology.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Solvent Fluctuations Induce Non-Markovian Kinetics\nin Hydrophobic Pocket-Ligand Binding

We investigate the impact of water fluctuations on the key-lock association\nkinetics of a hydrophobic ligand (key) binding to a hydrophobic pocket (lock)\nby means of a minimalistic stochastic model system. It describes the collective\nhydration behavior of the pocket by bimodal fluctuations of a water-pocket\ninterface that dynamically couples to the diffusive motion of the approaching\nligand via the hydrophobic interaction. This leads to a set of overdamped\nLangevin equations in 2D-coordinate-space, that is Markovian in each dimension.\nNumerical simulations demonstrate locally increased friction of the ligand,\ndecelerated binding kinetics, and local non-Markovian (memory) effects in the\nligand's reaction coordinate as found previously in explicit-water molecular\ndynamics studies of model hydrophobic pocket-ligand binding [1,2]. Our\nminimalistic model elucidates the origin of effectively enhanced friction in\nthe process that can be traced back to long-time decays in the\nforce-autocorrelation function induced by the effective, spatially fluctuating\npocket-ligand interaction. Furthermore, we construct a generalized 1D-Langevin\ndescription including a spatially local memory function that enables further\ninterpretation and a semi-analytical quantification of the results of the\ncoupled 2D-system.\n

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Autoantibodies to a 64-Kilodalton Islet Cell Protein Precede the Onset of Spontaneous Diabetes in the BB Rat

Spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the BB rat is associated with the presence of antibodies to a 64-kilodalton rat islet cell protein. These protein antibodies appeared in young animals and remained for as long as 8 weeks before the clinical onset of IDDM. Antibodies to a 64-kilodalton human islet cell protein were found to be associated with human IDDM. Detection of the antibodies may therefore be used to predict an early immune reaction against pancreatic B cells.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The use of serum-free medium delays, but does not prevent, the cytotoxic effects of seminal plasma in lymphocyte cultures: implications for studies on HIV infection.

Evidence indicates that seminal plasma is cytotoxic when used in lymphocyte cultures. In fact, an amine oxidase which is normally present in Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) causes spermine oxidation and, finally, cytotoxic substances are released. This seminal quality might obviously hamper studies aiming to evaluate the role of semen in HIV sexual transmission, since lymphocytes are generally used as target or effector cells in virological or immunological studies on HIV. We evaluated the efficacy of FCS free-medium, heat inactivated seminal plasma and/or the washing-out of cultures after a three hour incubation period in preventing the cytotoxicity to lymphocytes. Results show that when cultures are carried out in the absence of FCS and/or after seminal plasma removal, cytotoxicity is not prevented, although delayed. This finding indicates that, along with still unrecognized additional factors, spermine oxidation is still an important factor for semen cytotoxicity, and this considerably hampers any immunological and virological study, requiring the use of lymphocytes, concerning seminal fluid.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tautomerism of purines. 2. Amino-imino tautomerism in 1-alkyladenines

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTautomerism of purines. 2. Amino-imino tautomerism in 1-alkyladeninesM. Dreyfus, G. Dodin, O. Bensaude, and J. E. DuboisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 21, 7027–7037Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00463a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00463a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and theoretical analysis of resonant cavity for second-harmonic generation with high efficiency

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sidong Lei, Yao Yao, Zhaosheng Li, Tao Yu, Zhigang Zou; Design and theoretical analysis of resonant cavity for second-harmonic generation with high efficiency. Appl. Phys. Lett. 17 January 2011; 98 (3): 031102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3544056 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hybrid Survival Strategy

Zimmermann explains that after the Free Officers overthrew the Egyptian monarchy in 1952, Gamal Abdel Nasser mobilized a new constituency of labor and the urban middle class by promising them welfare, education, and guaranteed employment in nationalized enterprises and the government bureaucracy. These distributive networks and their negative influence on state developmental capacity intensified under Anwar Sadat's policy of Infitah, which led the regime to incorporate a new class of middlemen, traders, and crony capitalists. In the latter part of his rule, Hosni Mubarak adopted a hybrid survival strategy that permitted a weak, politicized state to exist for the purpose of serving the regime's traditional constituencies, while supporting "pockets of efficiency" that bolstered a new, diverse group of reformers under the Ahmed Nazif government.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular Cloning and Expression Profile of Toll-Like Receptor 3 from an Indian Coldwater Fish, <i>Schizothorax richardsonii</i>(Gray)

The innate immune system recognizes pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most important PRRs. TLR3 is a unique member of TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral replication intermediate. There is a variation in its response among diverse fish species toward the same stimulants. We identified and cloned TLR3 from Indian snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii and carried out its expression analysis in un-induced and poly (I:C) challenged fish. It has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2712 bases that encodes a polypeptide of 904 amino acids. The molecular weight of the polypeptide was predicted to be 102.4482 kDa with an isoelectric point of 7.40. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out after 24 hours of poly (I:C) treatment and expression of TLR3 was analyzed in different tissues. As compared with untreated fish the poly (I:C) challenged fish revealed significantly high expression of TLR3 in kidney followed by liver and gills.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di masa pandemi covid-19: Analisis respon siswa dan guru dalam menggunakan google classroom

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a change in the learning system from face-to-face to technology-based learning through online media. This study aims to determine the responsiveness of students and teachers in using Google Classroom media during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a mixed method research (quantitative and qualitative) using questionnaires and interviews as instruments. The subjects of this study were 89 students and 1 physical education teacher. The data analysis technique used is to calculate the percentage value of the final questionnaire score. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the use of Google Classroom media in physical education learning achieved a questionnaire score percentage of 93.69%. Meanwhile, the physical education teacher's response shows that the use of Google classroom in physical education learning during the current Covid-19 pandemic is very helpful in the online learning process and has been implemented properly. Even though the research results revealed a good response in using google classroom, this research has limitations, namely the research subject and only examines the use of one media, namely google classroom so that the research reach is limited. The results obtained are expected to be able to make a reference for further research, especially in the use of learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic in physical education learning so that learning outcomes are maximized.

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation of Microkernel-Based Mesoporous (SiO<sub>2</sub>–CdTe–SiO<sub>2</sub>)@SiO<sub>2</sub> Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Imaging Screening and Enrichment of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors from <i>Tripterygium Wilfordii</i>

The currently utilized ligand fishing for bioactive molecular screening from complex matrixes cannot perform imaging screening. Here, we developed a new solid-phase ligand fishing coupled with an in situ imaging protocol for the specific enrichment and identification of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) inhibitors from Tripterygium wilfordii, utilizing a multiple-layer and microkernel-based mesoporous nanostructure composed of a protective silica coating CdTe quantum dot (QD) core and a mesoporous silica shell, i.e., microkernel-based mesoporous (SiO<sub>2</sub>-CdTe-SiO<sub>2</sub>)@SiO<sub>2</sub> fluorescent nanoparticles (MMFNPs) as extracting carries and fluorescent probes. The prepared MMFNPs showed a highly uniform spherical morphology, retention of fluorescence emission, and great chemical stability. The fished ligands by Hsp 90α-MMFNPs were evaluated via the preliminary bioactivity based on real-time cellular morphology imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and then identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Celastrol was successfully isolated as an Hsp 90 inhibitor, and two other specific components screened by Hsp 90α-MMFNPs, i.e., demecolcine and wilforine, were preliminarily identified as potential Hsp 90 inhibitors through the verification of strong affinity to Hsp 90 and antitumor bioactivity. The approach based on the MMFNPs provides a strong platform for imaging screening and discovery of plant-derived biologically active molecules with high efficiency and selectivity.

Topic: Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Indications for use of vitamin k and identification of adverse reactions to oral anticoagulant therapy in hospitalized patients : a descriptive study

Vitamin K is a substance found at low concentrations in the human body, where it plays important roles in coagulation and calcium retention. The objective was to identify indications for use of vitamin K in a sample of hospitalized patients. In this descriptive, case-finding study, inpatients prescribed vitamin K during their hospital stays were assessed to identify the indications for vitamin K administration (thrombocytopenia due to oral anticoagulation or other drugs, vitamin K deficiency, or dietary deficiency). Patients from the Emergency Department and neonates were excluded. Overall, 161 cases were followed. In 73.3% of cases, the indication for vitamin K use was thrombocytopenia due to vitamin K deficiency. Seven patients (4.4%) had INRs outside the target range; of these, four (57%) developed bleeding, which was identified as an ADR. In the majority of patients given vitamin K, the indication was vitamin K deficiency.

Topic: Vitamin K Research Studies
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
[Action of sodium sulfachlorpyrazine (ESB3) on the endogenous development of Eimeria tenella in the experimental infestation of chickens].

Studies were carried out on the action of sulfachlorpyrisine-Na (ESB3) on the endogenic development of Eimeria tenella in the case of experimental infection in birds. Most sensitive to the preparation were the endogenic forms between the 48 h and the 72 nd following the act of infection. Given to birds on the day of infection and 24 hours later it produced no harmful effect on the further endogenic development of E. tenella. When the preparation was applied at the 72 nd hour it led to the degeneration of most of the II generation schizonts and inhibited their further development. As a result no oocysts were found in the feces of birds up to the 10 th-11 th day after infection. When applied at the 92 nd and the 120 th hour sulfachlorpyrisine-Na interfered with the development of the already finite forms of gametogony without concurrent degenerative effects.

Topic: Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mecodina cyanodonta Hampson 1902

26. Mecodina cyanodonta Hampson, 1902: 215 TL: Khasi Hills [Meghalaya, India] Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh), Thailand.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Risk Monitoring and Control in Audit Firms: A Research Synthesis

This paper summarizes the research literature related to audit firm quality control, with a dual purpose: (1) to provide information on the current state of knowledge with regard to the ways in which audit firms monitor and control firm-level risk; and (2) to identify specific areas in which there is currently insufficient research. We review literature on a number of specific topics under the overall heading of firm-level risk monitoring and control, including: client acceptance/continuance procedures, auditor independence (partner and firm rotation, employing former auditors, nonaudit services, partner compensation), electronic decision aids, consultation units, procedures for communicating weaknesses and taking corrective action, and review of engagement activities (including engagement quality reviews, peer reviews, and regulatory inspections). We conclude with a discussion of research relevant to the issue of whether smaller audit firms should be subject to the same level of quality control regulation as larger firms.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Two-dimensional Au<sub>2</sub>B: Robust non-magnetic metallicity independent of the native defects, strain and functional groups

Based on the first principle method, the structural and electronic properties for two-dimensional (2D) Au2 B are studied. Our investigations indicate 2D Au2 B has the similar crystal structure to 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Electronic structures show 2D Au2 B is a typical non-magnetic metal. Native defects (Au and B vacancy), strains and functional groups (F and Cl absorbed cases) could not destroy its metallic characters. Stable metallic properties suggest 2D Au2 B is an alternative and promising electrode material for 2D heterogeneous junctions based on the TMDs. For the Li absorbed case, large negative adsorption energies imply the strong interactions between Li and 2D Au2 B, which means 2D Au2 B, when utilized as the Li-ion batteries anodes, could prevent the formation of metallic Li and improve the Li-ion batteries' safety and reversibility.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
NANO TECHNOLOGY RELATED TO ITS IMPACT ON SEED AND AGRICULTURE

The global agricultural landscape faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss, necessitating a transformative approach to ensure food security. Traditional farming practices have proven inadequate in addressing the intricacy of these challenges since they are complex, time-consuming, and labour-intensive in nature. Furthermore, the effectiveness of traditional farming is decreased by inefficiencies and a huge demand for crop nutrients. This promotes the extensive use of agrochemicals, which pose a serious environmental risk. As a result, scientists are actively researching new techniques to successfully address these persistent difficulties. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the fields of seed science and agriculture, offering innovative solutions to address the challenges of global food security and sustainable agriculture. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this chapter deals with the diverse strategies harnessed by nanotechnology to elevate seed quality and strengthen the sustainability of agricultural processes

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hematological Profile of Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Early Onset Preeclampsia

oBjectives: To determine whether restrictive guidelines for UVC use in an NICU decrease the proportion that receives UVC without a corresponding increase in usage of other CVC's.design/Methods: From January to March 2011, we initiated a knowledge translation program-Resuscitation and Early Stabilization In Newborns (RESIN) -which includes restrictive UVC insertion guidelines.We retrospectively compared preterm neonates (<33 wks gestation) born in pre-intervention (Jan-Dec 2010: Group 1) and post-intervention epochs (Apr 2011-Mar 2012: Group 2).We recorded baseline demographic and clinical data.The primary outcome was proportion of infants receiving UVC.Secondary outcomes were proportion receiving other types of CVC, proportion receiving any type of CVC, days with each type of CVC in situ, length of hospital stay and and rate of CLABSI.results: The 2 groups (N= 220 per group) were comparable at baseline, except for significantly lower proportion of SGA, use of ventilation at birth and SNAPPE-II; and higher proportion of antenatal steroid use and CPAP in Group 2. Group 2 had significantly lower proportion of patients that received UVC (42% vs. 62%, p<0.001),PICC (29% vs. 40%, p=0.027) and any CVC (68.6% vs. 50%, p<0.001) and less median (IQR) days on antibiotics [3 (0-8) vs. 4 (2-14), p=0.01] compared to Group 1.Among subjects who received the respective interventions, there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding median UVC days, PICC days and total CVC days [10 (6, 19) vs 10 (6, 18), p=0.67].Length of hospital stay, rate of CLABSI (11/220 vs 20/220, p=0.49) and mortality were not significantly different between the groups.conclusions: Guidelines for restrictive use of UVC's not only decreased the proportion of infants with UVC, but also with PICC or any CVC.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Differential correlation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with vital exhaustion in patients after cardiac surgery: exploratory findings

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests inflammation is associated with vital exhaustion, a psychological distress characterized by unusual fatigue. Little is known about whether distinct peripheral cytokine profiles differentiate individuals with and without exhaustion. We explored correlations between exhaustion and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Topic: Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences