jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Poplar Liquefaction in Water/Methanol Cosolvents

Poplar liquefaction (PL) in methanol,\nwater, or water/methanol\ncosolvents (WMCSs) was investigated at 240–320 °C for\n0–90 min. The results show that the yields of bio-oils (BOs)\nobtained from PL in WMCSs are higher than those in either methanol\nor water, indicating that methanol has a synergic effect with water\non PL. The maximum BO yield of 44.2% was obtained at 270 °C for\n15 min in a WMCS containing 70 vol % water. The BOs were analyzed\nwith a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and Fourier transform\ninfrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Poplar and its residues were analyzed\nwith the FTIR spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).\nThe fiber structure of poplar was significantly destroyed during PL\nin WMCS based on the SEM observation. According to GC/MS analysis,\nthe BOs mainly consist of hydrocarbons, phenols, furans, other ethers,\naldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and nitrogen-containing\norganic compounds. Among of them, phenols, ketones, and esters are\nthe main group components. To investigate the liquefaction mechanism,\nthe three major components in biomass, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose,\nand lignin, were subjected to degradation in the same solvents. The\nresults suggest that WMCS exhibits better synergic effects for cellulose\nand hemicellulose than for lignin. Further investigations are needed\nfor a detailed mechanism on synergic effects.

Topic: Lignin and Wood Chemistry
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Myocardial infarction caused by coronary artery injury after a blunt chest trauma.

We report the case of a 29-year-old man, victim of a car accident, who suffered a severe blunt chest trauma, with evolving congestive heart failure. He had previously had a good overall health status, with no symptoms of cardiovascular disease. At the initial assessment, the electrocardiogram showed Q waves in the precordial leads and the echocardiogram disclosed severe left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary angiogram showed a proximal left anterior descending coronary artery lesion, with anterior wall akinesis on contrast-enhanced ventriculography. A Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed no viability. He remained on medical treatment with good evolution.

Topic: Trauma Management and Diagnosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Higher Vocational English Teaching Behavior Integrating Network Information Teaching

Abstract With the continuous development of computer technology, we have entered the "Internet +" era. The " Internet +" era provides an advantage platform for vocational English teaching. The network information of English teaching has stimulated students’ interest in learning. Teachers should recognize the important role of English network information teaching and improve the effectiveness of English teaching in higher vocational schools. This paper analyses the important role of "Internet +" era network information teaching in vocational English teaching, and puts forward the network information teaching strategy of higher vocational English in the context of ‘’Internet + era, hoping to give reference and reference for vocational English teaching.

Topic: Educational Technology and Pedagogy
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PENGARUH DEFAULT RISK, RISIKO SISTEMATIS, PROFITABILITAS,DAN PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT (ERC)

PENGARUH DEFAULT RISK, RISIKO SISTEMATIS, PROFITABILITAS,
DAN PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT (ERC)
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh Default Risk,
Risiko Sistematis, Profitabilitas dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility
Terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC). Variabel independen dalam
penelitian ini yaitu Default Risk, Risiko Sistematis, Profitabilitas dan Pengungkapan
Corporate Social Responsibility, variabel dependennya yaitu Earnings Response
Coefficient (ERC). Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan yang
terdaftar di BEI. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan
perbankan yang didapat dari website idx.com. Berdasarkan hasil analisis
menunjukkan bahwa Risiko Sistematis berpengaruh terhadap Earnings Response
Coefficient (ERC), sedangkan Default Risk, Profitabilitas dan Pengungkapan
Corporate Social Responsibility tidak berpengaruh terhadap Earnings Response
Coefficient (ERC).. 
Kata kunci : Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC), Default Risk, Risiko Sistematis, Profitabilitas, dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility.

Topic: Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Nomifensine and hemolytic anemia — experience of a post‐marketing alert

Abstract The antidepressant nomifensine was withdrawn worldwide by the manufacturer in January 1986 following a rising incidence of reports of acute immune hemolytic anemia with serious clinical sequelae, including a number of fatalities. This short report describes the chronology of events leading up to the drug's withdrawal in one country, the United Kingdom, 9 years after it was first made available. The known incidence of hemolytic anemia reports was related to prescription data and showed that the risk‐benefit ratio was tipped against continued availability of the drug only in the latter part of 1985, shortly before the drug was withdrawn. Factors related to the increased reporting of the adverse events are discussed, but increased awareness by prescribers of drug‐related events and their willingness to report them as a result of medical literature and media reports, including publications by the Committee on Safety of Medicines of Yellow Card data, are thought to have been major contributors.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Marmor knee arthroplasty : a patho-anatomical and clinical investigation with a study of systemic reactions to the operation, an objective gait analysis and application of a new calculation model for determining the hospital costs of the procedure

Marmor knee arthroplasty : a patho-anatomical and clinical investigation with a study of systemic reactions to the operation, an objective gait analysis and application of a new calculation model for determining the hospital costs of the procedure

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Presidential Terms in Kazakhstan

Abstract This chapter tracks the history of changes to presidential terms and term limits of President Nazarbayev, the first and only president of post-Soviet Kazakhstan. We show that the length of presidential terms was changed by Nazarbayev to ensure his longevity in an evolving political situation. He successfully avoided elections when opposition was more consolidated while maintaining plausible periodicity of contests. The two-term limit was manipulated by various means, including a referendum, new constitution, and ultimately exemption from term limits for the First President. These manipulations were enabled by gradual consolidation of Nazarbayev’s regime, which is now marked by nearly total control over the political space. Elections serve as a decorum deployed tactically to ensure symbolic democratic continuity and offer no realistic prospect of unseating the incumbent president.

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“Researchers blow my mind”: Ethical research with community-based organizations

Abstract Background: Public health research frequently relies on collaborations with community-based organizations, and these partnerships can be essential to the success of a project. However, while public health ethics and oversight policies have historically focused on ensuring that individual subjects are protected from unethical or unfair practices, there are few guidelines to protect the organizations which facilitate relationships with – and are frequently composed of – these same vulnerable populations. As universities, governments, and donors place a renewed emphasis on the need for community engaged research to address systematic drivers of health inequity, it is vital that the ways in which research is conducted does not uphold the same intersecting systems of gender, race, and class oppression which led to the very same health inequities of interest. Methods: To understand how traditional notions of public health research ethics might be expanded to encompass partnerships with organizations as well as individuals, we conducted qualitative interviews with 39 staff members (executive directors and frontline) at community-based organizations that primarily serve people who use drugs, Black men who have sex with men, and sex workers across the United States from January 2016 – August 2017. We also conducted 11 in-depth interviews with academic researchers with experience partnering with CBOs that serve similar populations. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using emergent codes and a priori codes derived from the Belmont Report. Results: The concepts of respect, beneficence, and justice could and should apply to the treatment of organizations that participate in research just as they apply to individual human subjects, although their implementation will differ when applied to CBOs vs individual human subjects. Conclusions: Academic-CBO partnerships are likely to be more successful for both academics and CBOs if academic researchers work to center individual-level relationship building that is mutually respectful and grounded in cultural humility.

Topic: Public Health Policies and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of workplace injuries in a dental school environment

Abstract Workplace injuries at the University of Queensland Dental School during the period 1992–1994 were assessed to determine their incidence, and the associated indirect costs, causal factors, and appropriate preventive strategies. Overall, dental chairside assistants experienced a higher incidence of injuries than students both on a per worker and per time basis. Of the injuries with a low risk of cross‐infection, burns and scalds from sterilizing equipment, and eye injuries in laboratories were the most common. This emphasizes the importance of wearing appropriate protective equipment in areas outside the treatment zone, and the need for signage and education. Common causes of sharps injuries were burs left in handpieces, two‐handed needle recapping, and cleaning of probes in the sterilizing room. Changes to techniques and equipment would prevent such incidents. A range of factors which contribute to the calculation of indirect costs following injuries in the dental workplace are identified.

Topic: Occupational health in dentistry
Subfield: Medical Laboratory Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of hyperoxic recovery on cardiopulmonary and muscle oxygenation following maximal dynamic exercise in healthy adults

最大運動後の回復期における酸素吸入がその後の一定負荷運動中の運動筋酸素動態に与える影響について明らかにすることを目的とした．対象は，健常男性11 名（年齢：21.7±1.3 歳）とした．最大運動後に10 分間，100%酸素濃度もしくは室内空気吸入下で安静回復し， その後50％予測最大酸素摂取量にて10 分間の一定負荷運動を実施した．その結果，運動回復期における酸素吸入は，その後の一定負荷運動中の血中乳酸値および循環諸量には影響しないが，運動筋酸素飽和度の経時変化に影響することが明らかとなった．

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Circular birefringence of an atom in uniform rotation: The classical perspective

Recent quantum analyses of the dynamics of a static field-free atom in uniform rotation have shown that the atom exhibits optical asymmetries in its interaction with left and right circularly polarized light that are strictly forbidden in an inertial reference frame. The chiral asymmetries derive from a rotationally induced splitting of inertially degenerate magnetic substates. A classical mechanical treatment of the problem given in this article shows that the same phenomena may be interpreted in terms of the differential influence of the Coriolis ‘‘pseudo’’ force on particle orbits of opposite sense. In addition to being the source of some unusual optical effects, the atom in uniform rotation is a system conceptually interesting for its inequivalent (a) kinetic and canonical dynamical variables, and (b) energy and Hamiltonian. The system is illustrative of the converse of Larmor’s theorem whereby a field-free rotating frame simulates the physics of an inertial frame with static magnetic field.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Homozygous hemoglobin Monroe (codon 30 G&gt;C) in a child of Goan (Indian) origin: A case report and family study

India has a huge burden of β-thalassemia with an estimated 100,000 patients and a prevalence of 3%–4% carriers. The five common mutations reported in the India are IVS 1–5 (G->C), IVS 1-1 (G->T), codon 41/42 (-TCTT), codon 8/9, and 619 bp deletion. We report this rare case of IVS 1-1 G>C variant (hemoglobin [Hb] Monroe) in homozygous form in a child of Goan origin. The propositus presented at 3 months with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic workup of the child was suggestive of β-thalassemia major, the parents Hb electrophoresis revealed β-thalassemia trait in the mother, whereas the father had elevated HbF levels. Initial polymerase chain reaction by ARMS (amplification-refractory mutation specific) was negative for the common five mutations. β-globin full gene sequencing revealed the presence of IVS-1-1G>C (Hb Monroe) in the homozygous form and also c.-92 C>G in the homozygous form, the mother was heterozygous for both the mutations, whereas the father was negative. STR marker studies did not indicate uniparental disomy to be the reason for IVS-1-1 G>T homozygosity in the child in the absence of the same mutation in the father. The father showed a possibility of δβ deletional mutation. This report highlights the importance of molecular studies in participants with borderline HbA2 levels, including spouse of a typical β-thalassemia carrier. Assaying for only the common five mutations may not yield complete answers. Full gene sequencing should be performed in those individuals with a strong phenotype of β-thalassemia. The prenatal diagnosis should be offered to couples at risk.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue after total knee replacement.

Inadequate physical activity is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, colon cancer and depression. Excessive sedentary behaviour has been associated with the metabolic syndrome and consequently heart disease, diabetes and early mortality. People with end-stage knee osteoarthritis report inadequate physical activity and excessive sedentary behaviour due to chronic knee pain. Following successful total knee replacement (TKR), and a consequent reduction in pain, there is an expectation that activity levels will increase, although it is unclear if this is the case (Chapter One). Fatigue or the feeling of tiredness has been associated with a decreased quality of life and early mortality; although there is little research available that explores this relationship in people who have undergone TKR (Chapter One). This mixed-methods PhD thesis aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of inadequate physical activity, excessive sedentary behaviour and clinically-important fatigue up to five years after TKR surgery. In the MARKER study (Chapters Two and Three, MARKER study, secondary analysis), patients were drawn from 10 public hospitals around Australia. Numerous risk factors were associated with inadequate physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue at one year after TKR. The prevalence and determinants of inadequate physical activity, excessive sedentary behaviour, and for the first time clinically-important fatigue up to five years after TKR were explored (Chapter Four, MARKER study, primary analysis). Chapter Five (cross-sectional study) explored the associations of objectively-measured inadequate physical activity and excessive sedentary behaviour, and self-report fatigue one year after TKR among a cohort drawn from three private hospitals in Sydney, Australia. In order to gain further insight and explore the barriers to and enablers of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, focus groups (Chapter Six) were conducted among a sub-group of participants from the parent study (Chapter Five). Finally, Chapter Seven brings all the findings together and concludes that assessment of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue should form part of the routine assessment before and one year after TKR surgery to maximise long-term health benefits.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Energy Saving Optimization of Water Pumping Station Based on Semantic Web and Ontology Reasoning

In order to save energy, reduce energy consumption and improve the operation efficiency of pumping stations, a new method of semantic ontology reasoning was designed and applied to the energy saving optimization of a large pumping station. Firstly, the optimal operation model of the water pump station was established to ensure the constraint conditions of the model flow, vane angle and so on. Then the semantic ontology was used to relate the state and properties of pump station state and pump single machine state at the semantic level. At the same time, the inference rules were extracted and the Jena platform was used to reasoning according to the experience data of the history scheduling in the station. The experimental results show that the energy consumption of this method can be reduced by 11.1% compared with not optimal operation. The energy saving effect is remarkable.

Topic: Advanced Data Processing Techniques
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fatty acid composition of plasma and kidney in rats with anti-Thy1.1 nephritis.

Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) levels in the kidney phospholipid (PL) fraction in the nephritis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.67 +/- 0.06 mol% vs. 0.96 +/- 0.06 mol%, p < 0.05). EPA levels in the plasma PL fraction in the nephritis group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (0.38 +/- 0.05 mol% vs. 0.59 +/- 0.03 mol%, p < 0.05). Urinary protein levels 5 days after the injection were inversely correlated with EPA levels in the kidney PL fraction (r2 = 0.65, p = 0.01). These results suggested that decreased EPA levels in the kidney PL fraction might play an important role in anti-Thy1.1 nephritis.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid, Contact-Free, Multimodal, Non-Linear Optical Imaging for Collagen in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tendon Tissues

A novel imaging system is developed to overcome the challenge of paraffin contamination in fixed tissues. Single-shot wide-field micro-images are captured to construct large-scale collagen-maps for understanding tendon damage and healing processes.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
QRS voltages are transiently increased at the superacute stage of experimental myocarditis.

Transient increase of the QRS voltages at the superacute stage of myocarditis was demonstrated, which may be due to an increase in ventricular mass caused by interstitial edema at this stage.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Esophageal Manometry and pHmetry Profile in Obese Patients Selected for Bariatric Surgery

Background: Obesity is a highly prevalent disease and risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) which could predispose to esophageal motility disorders. Few studies exist regarding manometric and phmetric findings in patients with obesity who are candidates to bariatric surgery. The objective was to describe the preoperative profile of patients with obesity selected for bariatric surgery. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 338 patients with obesity, subjected to 24 hour-pHmetry with impedance and manometry prior to bariatric surgery between 2006 and 2021. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. Results: The mean age and body mass index was 41.94 ± 0.70 years and 38.75 ± 0.37 kg/m 2 , respectively. GERD symptoms were present in 43.3% (139/321). A 24-hour pHmetry analysis showed a pathologic DeMeester index in 46.7% of patients, of which 64.3% (63/98) were symptomatic. Impedance was abnormal in 53.4%, of which 67% (73/109) were symptomatic. Manometry registered dysmotility in 22.7% (69/304) of patients, a mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure of 11.93 ± 0.43 mmHg and hypotensive LES in 38.5%. Mean gastric pressure was 9.79 ± 0.33 mmHg after deglutition and only 11.4% (34/299) presented abnormal gastroesophageal gradients. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of dysmotility and GERD in candidates to bariatric surgery with obesity. Esophageal 24 hour-pHmetry with impedance and manometry should be considered within preoperative tests as pathologic results could guide appropriate procedure selection, at least in symptomatic patients.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phytochemical Profiles of Black, Red, Brown, and White Rice from the Camargue Region of France

Secondary metabolites in black, red, brown, and white rice grown in the Camargue region of France were investigated using HPLC-PDA-MS(2). The main compounds in black rice were anthocyanins (3.5 mg/g), with cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside predominating, followed by flavones and flavonols (0.5 mg/g) and flavan-3-ols (0.3 mg/g), which comprised monomeric and oligomeric constituents. Significant quantities of γ-oryzanols, including 24-methylenecycloartenol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and β-sitosterol ferulates, were also detected along with lower levels of carotenoids (6.5 μg/g). Red rice was characterized by a high amount of oligomeric procyanidins (0.2 mg/g), which accounted >60% of secondary metabolite content with carotenoids and γ-oryzanol comprising 26.7%, whereas flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins were <9%. Brown and white rice contained lower quantities of phytochemicals, in the form of flavones/flavonols (21-24 μg/g) and γ-oryzanol (12.3-8.2 μg/g), together with trace levels of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Neither anthocyanins nor procyanidins were detected in brown and white rice. By describing the profile of the heterogeneous mixture of phytochemicals present in different rice varieties, this study provides a basis for defining the potential health effects related to pigmented and nonpigmented rice consumption by humans.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences