jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Potential QT Effects of JNJ‐54861911, a BACE Inhibitor in Single‐ and Multiple‐Ascending Dose Studies, and a Thorough QT Trial With Additional Retrospective Confirmation, Using Concentration‐QTc Analysis

Abstract Nonclinical assays with JNJ‐54861911, a β‐secretase 1 inhibitor have indicated that at high concentrations, it may delay cardiac repolarization. A 4‐way crossover thorough QT (TQT) study was performed in 64 healthy subjects with 50 and 150 mg JNJ‐54861911 once daily for 7 days, placebo, and 400 mg moxifloxacin. Retrospective high‐precision QT (HPQT) analysis was performed on serial elecrocardiograms extracted from first‐in‐human single‐ascending dose (SAD) and multiple‐ascending dose (MAD) studies to evaluate if early studies could detect and predict QT effect. In the TQT study, a high therapeutic 50 mg dose did not cause QT prolongation, and an effect &gt;10 milliseconds could be excluded at all postdose timepoints. QT prolongation with peak effect on placebo‐corrected change from baseline QTcF of 15.5 milliseconds (90%CI, 12.9‐18.1 milliseconds) was observed following a supratherapeutic dose (150 mg). No clinically relevant QT changes were observed in earlier studies. However, with SAD/MAD findings by HPQT, the slope of the exposure–response (ER) relationship in the SAD study (doses up to 150 mg) was similar to the TQT study slope, and the estimated QT effect was comparable at high plasma levels. In the MAD study, doses up to 90 mg once daily for 7 days resulted in JNJ‐54861911 peak plasma concentrations (C max ) comparable to those in the SAD study (∼750 ng/mL), but ER by HPQT failed to detect a QT effect and resulted in negative estimations. Adding a higher dose cohort (150 mg; C max , 1125 ng/mL) demonstrated a QT effect, with a slightly lower ER slope than the TQT study. JNJ‐54861911 (up to 50 mg) did not cause QT prolongation at clinically relevant plasma concentrations in any studies. Provided sufficiently high plasma concentrations were captured, mild QT prolongation observed postdose with a supratherapeutic dose could be detected (TQT study) and estimated in SAD/MAD studies. Based on population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, 5 and 25 mg doses are currently considered for further phase 3 studies and are expected not to cause any relevant QT prolongation.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hepatorenal Toxicity Induced by Maternal Exposure to Topical Betamethasone Prior to Fertilization in Newborn Rabbits

Background: Synthetic glucocorticoids, such as Betamethasone, are used for treatment of skin disease including Psoriasis. No enough evidences are present about the side effect of maternal exposure to betamethasone, before fertilization, on new-born. So, the goal of the present study was to determine these side effects on liver and kidney. Methods: In the present study, two doses of betamethasone (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg b.w) were used. At the end of the experimental period (after 3 weeks of delivery), six new-born rabbits of both sexes (1 newborn rabbit per mother) were dissected under light anesthesia and blood, liver and kidney samples were collected. All the measurements were performed in one assay. Result: Maternal exposure to betamethasone, for 2 months before fertilization, induced toxicity in new-born rabbits and decrease the relative organ weight of liver and kidney in new-born rabbits. The biochemical changes involved induction of oxidative, alterations in hepatic and renal parameters. Moreover, structural changes in liver and kidney new-born rabbits were observed. So, this study suggested that females must take care in using treatment with betamethasone before fertilization to avoid toxicity of their offspring.

Topic: Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
First Report of Stem Rot on Hosta plantaginea caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

A stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii sporadically afflicted fragrant plantain lily (Hosta plantaginea Aschers.) from 2008 to 2010 in the herb exhibition garden at Gangju Pond, which is located in Jeongchon-myon, Jinju, Korea. The fragrant plantain lilies, which are perennial plants grown in home gardens, recently were planted en mass in parks and public gardens for ornamental purposes, where they form dense communities. During summer, the stems of the plants under the canopy are exposed to warm temperatures and high humidity, which favor disease development. The disease developed mainly on stems near the soil line. Infected stems gradually died, and white mycelial mats appeared on the stem surfaces (Fig. 1A). Often, numerous sclerotia were produced on stem surfaces near the soil line. The heavily infected stems became rotted and blighted, and the whole plant eventually died. The freshly isolated pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was examined microscopically and culturally. The optimal growth temperature on PDA was 30°C. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 3-9 μm wide. The white mycelium had a typical clamp connection structure for 4 days after growth at optimum temperature (Fig. 1D). Small globoid sclerotia formed abundantly on the PDA after 20 days of mycelial growth (Fig. 1C). The sclerotia, which were relatively uniform in size at 1-3 mm, were white at first, and then turned dark brown. The maximum number of sclerotia was produced at 25-30 oC. To test pathogenicity, inoculums were prepared with mycelial mats and mixed with autoclaved soil. Then, soil inoculums containing mycelial mats were artificially inoculated onto Hosta plantaginea. The same fungal fruiting symptoms were reproduced, and the fungus was re-isolated based on these symptoms (Fig. 1B). To identify the causal fungus, we amplified and sequenced a partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the isolate using the primers ITS1 and ITS4, as described by White et al. (1990). The resulting sequence of 684-bp was deposited in GenBank (accession no. HM355751). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA4 software, with the neighbor-joining method and Tajima–Nei distance model. Previously published ITS sequences of S. rolfsii strains were included for reference, and S. cepivorum was used as the outgroup (Harlton et al., 1995). Neighbor-joining analysis showed that the two species had similar ITS sequences (Fig. 2). In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2), the isolate was placed within a clade comprising reference isolates of S. rolfsii.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Application of Risk Analysis Based on the Gray Relational Analysis in Power Engineering Comprehensive Evaluation

Combined with the characteristics of power engineering projects, the paper introduces a kind of theoretical model that leads gray relational analysis and risk analysis into AHP appraisal method. This article describes the application steps of the model by a case. This article's main focus is the membership of risk index and the index weight. In the risk comprehensive evaluation model, the paper adopts the risk analysis method and gray relational analysis method to determine the membership and the weight of risk index. This model is considered to be the virtue of the subjective weight and the objective one. It can improve the accuracy of the evaluation.

Topic: Evaluation and Optimization Models
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of effective channel placement for an EEG-based biometric system

This paper discusses the potential of the EEG signal for implementation of a practical biometric system using 4 or less channels of 2 different types of EEG recordings. Studies have shown that the EEG signal has biometric potential because the signal varies from person to person and is impossible to replicate and steal. Data were collected from 10 male subjects while resting with eyes open and eyes closed in 5 separate sessions conducted over a course of 2 weeks. Features were extracted using the autoregressive (AR) model and analyzed to obtain the feature set. Results show that data from eyes open and eyes closed using 4 channels gave good classification rates of 96% and 97% respectively and that data recorded from 2 channels gave classification rates from 90% to 95%. Classification rates from 1 channel ranged from 70% to 87%. The average time taken for recognition was 0.38 seconds at the point of recognition. Based on these results, there is potential for implementation of an EEG-based biometric system.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Letters to the editor

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLetters to the editorRubin Battino Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 12, 667Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1963Published inissue 1 December 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ed040p667.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (404 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Circular economy—A way forward to Sustainable Development: Identifying Conceptual Overlaps and Contingency Factors at the Microlevel

Abstract The concept of circular economy (CE) has gained a lot of attention in recent years to provide creative and innovative solutions to issues relating to sustainable development (SD) in the ever‐changing business environment. While the earlier studies have presented the concept of CE and its barriers, there exits limited work at the microlevel (business level). Additionally, most of the existing studies are case based, so generalization of results is tough. Drawing from the current literature, this work develops a deeper understanding of the concept of the CE and presents a framework of barriers at the microlevel. We identify and discuss eight major barriers to circular business (CB) processes and posit SD as the desirable outcome. The study holds some critical managerial implications as it illustrates major contingency factors and provides greater insights into CB processes for better execution.

Topic: Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Computer-assisted transformation of design documents from a natural language description to structured modeling languages

In the present thesis, a novel approach is proposed to transform design documents described by a natural language into a structured modeling languages, particularly UML diagrams and FBS models. The transformation consists of two steps: (i) From natural language to an intermediate graphic language called Recursive Object Model (ROM). (ii) From a ROM diagram to a modeling language. The ROM diagram corresponding to a text includes the main semantic information implied in the text by modeling the relations between the words in a text. Based on the semantics implied in the ROM diagram, a set of criteria is proposed to mine the semantic meaning of the original text corresponding to the ROM diagram. Once the semantic meaning of the design documents through their corresponding ROM diagram is captured, a set of mapping rules from the ROM diagram criteria to the modeling language elements is proposed. After that, a set of generation rules to explore the relationship between these elements is proposed to generate UML diagrams and FBS models based on a ROM diagram. A software prototype R2U is presented as a proof of concept for transforming ROM diagrams to UML diagrams. Another software prototype R2FBS is also presented as a proof of concept for transforming ROM diagrams to FBS models. Several case studies show that the proposed approach is feasible. The proposed approach can be applied to requirements modeling in various engineering fields such as software engineering, automotive engineering, and aerospace engineering. Future work is indicated at the end of the present thesis

Topic: Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Euthanasia for Unbearable Psychological Suffering

Abstract In this chapter, we focus on the problem of euthanasia because of unbearable psychological suffering. We explain that there are fundamental problems with euthanasia for psychological suffering and that the criteria for euthanasia in the current Belgian legislation are open to much interpretation and (thus) not suitable for euthanasia for psychological suffering. In addition, there are many concerns about the functioning of the Belgian Committee for the evaluation and monitoring of euthanasias carried out.

Topic: Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
An Enantioselective Synthesis of Differentially Protected erythro‐α,β‐Diamino Acids and Its Application to the Synthesis of an Analogue of Rhodopeptin B5.

Methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of differentially protected &lt;i&gt;erythro&lt;/i&gt;-α,β-diamino acids\nfrom &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-tosyloxy β-lactams is reported. The requisite &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-tosyloxy β-lactams are readily available\nfrom simple β-keto esters. The reported approach is flexible and compatible with a variety of\nfunctional groups. The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated through its application to\nthe preparation of an analogue of the antifungal cyclic peptide rhodopeptin B5.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A posture and mobility training package for care home staff: results of a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial (the PATCH trial)

Abstract Background provision of care for care home residents with complex needs is challenging. Physiotherapy and activity interventions can improve well-being but are often time-limited and resource intensive. A sustainable approach is to enhance the confidence and skills of staff who provide care. This trial assessed the feasibility of undertaking a definitive evaluation of a posture and mobility training programme for care staff. Design and setting a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial with embedded process evaluation. Ten care homes in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, were randomised (1:1) to the skilful care training package (SCTP) or usual care (UC). Participants residents who were not independently mobile. Intervention SCTP—delivered by physiotherapists to care staff. Objectives and measurements key objectives informed progression to a definitive trial. Recruitment, retention and intervention uptake were monitored. Data, collected by a blinded researcher, included pain, posture, mobility, hospitalisations and falls. This informed data collection feasibility and participant safety. Results a total of 348 residents were screened; 146 were registered (71 UC, 75 SCTP). Forty two were lost by 6 months, largely due to deaths. While data collection from proxy informants was good (&amp;gt;95% expected data), attrition meant that data completion rates did not meet target. Data collection from residents was poor due to high levels of dementia. Intervention uptake was variable—staff attendance at all sessions ranged from 12.5 to 65.8%. There were no safety concerns. Conclusion care home and resident recruitment are feasible, but refinement of data collection approaches and intervention delivery are needed for this trial and care home research more widely.

Topic: Frailty in Older Adults
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Sharia Financial Literacy on the Decision of the Use of Service Products in the Sharia Pawn in Yogyakarta

This study discusses to analyze the influence of Islamic financial literacy on the decision to use Islamic financial product services. The diverse educational backgrounds, ages, and occupations of students make them need literacy guidance to make decisions in choosing sharia pawn products that are suitable for the family’s financial needs. The population in this study is Sharia Pawn in Sariharjo, Yogyakarta. Data in the form of primary data using questionnaires and distributed as many as 111 results. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. This research is a quantitative study with data analysis methods using multiple linear regression. The results showed that Islamic finance affects decisions in the use of service products in Islamic pawn where the coefficient of determination (R2) is 83.4%, which means 83.4% of the variation in the decision to use products in sharia pawn following 3 supporting variables such as Knowledge and Understanding of Managing Finance (X1), Expertise and Skills in Managing Finance (X2), and Beliefs or Belief in Sharia Pawn (X3). While the remaining 16.6% was approved by other variables not approved in this study. Keywords: Sharia Financial Literacy; Sharia Pawn; Customer Decision

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Association between adrenergic receptor genotypes and beta-blocker dose in heart failure patients: analysis from the HF-ACTION DNA substudy

Beta-blockers reduce morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, there is heterogeneity in the response to these drugs, perhaps due to genetic variations in the β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRβ1). We examined whether the Arg389Gly polymorphism in ADRβ1 interacts with the dose requirements of beta-blockers in patients with systolic HF.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Obturator Hernia

In Brief Obturator hernia is a rare condition. It is an important cause of intestinal obstruction, especially in thin, elderly females. A case of obturator hernia with a clinical diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, which was detected on computed tomography scan, is presented. The diagnosis was based on detection of a hypodense mass in between the pectineus and obturator externus muscle. The diagnostic role of computed tomography scan in detection of an obturator hernia has also been stressed. The regular use of computed tomography for diagnosing nonspecific abdominal complaints, especially in thin, elderly females, will result in increased preoperative detection of an obturator hernia.

Topic: Hernia repair and management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Case 3807 – Onthophagus anthracinus Harold, 1873 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): proposed conservation of the specific name

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of a well-known dung beetle, Onthophagus anthracinusHarold, 1873, a junior primary homonym of Onthophagus anthracinusFaldermann, 1835. Onthophagus anthracinusFaldermann, 1835 was synonymized with Onthophagus histeroidesMénétriés, 1832, which in turn was included in the genus CaccobiusThomson, 1859. After its synonymization in 1846, the senior homonym was never again used as valid, thus meeting the criteria of Article 23.9.1.1, but the junior homonym has not been cited in enough works during the past 50 years to meet the criteria of Article 23.9.1.2 for automatic reversal of precedence of the two homonyms. For the sake of stability it is proposed that the Commission use its plenary power to allow use of Onthophagus anthracinusHarold, 1873 as valid despite its status as a junior primary homonym of Onthophagus anthracinusFaldermann, 1835.

Topic: Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
GZ HVDC DC filter C1 unbalance protection analysis and its improvement

Started from wiring form of High-voltage capacitors and the internal structure of the capacitor. Analyzed three principles of DC filters C1 unbalance protection. For the case HVDC project repeatedly malfunction in DC filter C1 unbalance protection, accorded fault recorder, put forward corresponding measures for improvement. RTDS simulation system was used to carry out fault recorder playback and fault simulation. The results show that the improved protection logic can effectively avoid malfunctions by the interference of measuring.

Topic: High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Verification of coset weighted potential game and its application to optimisation of multi-agent systems

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to verify whether a finite game is a coset weighted potential game (WPG) without pre-knowledge on its coset weights. This algorithm can also provide a recursive method to calculate the unknown coset weights. Then we give the concept of near coset WPGs based on evolutionary equivalence between two finite games, and its algebraic verification is obtained. Finally, the application of near coset WPGs to game-theoretical optimisation of multi-agent systems is discussed, which can improve the applicability of potential games in multi-agent optimisation problems.

Topic: Game Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Why forage when you don't have to? Personal and cultural meaning in recreational foraging: a New Zealand study

Foraging is a historically and culturally significant recreational food-related activity in many communities. Foraging is also part of national identities and cultural traditions, as well as being significant for personal identity and heritage. The study provides the results of a series of qualitative interviews with foragers in Christchurch and Tauranga in New Zealand undertaken from 2006 to 2011. The study finds differences in the types of food foraged but some commonalities between different cultural groups with respect to the nostalgia associated with foraging, as well as its role in personal and collective identity. Food media were regarded as influential on foraging behaviour while significant longer term issues with respect to the sustainability of foraging practices need to be addressed. The paper highlighted that in understanding culinary heritage, how food gets to the table is as important as what is on the plate.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences