jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How anxious are surgical patients

It has been well documented that increased stress and anxiety are associated with admission to hospital pending surgery. While nurses are generally aware of this anxiety experienced by surgical patients, it is not always adequately addressed. This study investigated the existence of anxiety in perioperative patients and identified those perioperative stages where anxiety was greatest. Patients' levels of understanding of their surgical experience was determined and the possible role of other variables such as age, gender, type of operation, previous experience of surgery and premedication in determining anxiety were also examined. A questionnaire was distributed to 116 patients undergoing ear, nose and throat surgery or vascular surgery. Nearly half of the patients indicates that they were anxious about undergoing surgery. Patients were most anxious the closer the time to the procedure, specifically, 1 hour prior to surgery, travelling to theatre and while waiting in theatre. Factors such as number of previous operations and type of operation were found to be significantly related to anxiety. These findings need to be considered by nursing staff when assessing the existence and the level of anxiety surgical patients may experience. (author abstract)

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Proposals for achieving more adequate health care for children and youth.

Proposals for achieving more adequate health care for children and youth. L BreslowCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.60.Suppl_4.106 Published Online: October 03, 2011

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Perspective on conservation genetics

Conservation genetics is an applied science. Much as electrical engineering is the application of principles of physics to building rockets, satellites and television stations, conservation genetics takes the methods and theories of molecular biology, genetics and evolution, and interprets the natural history of a threatened population, the hope being to provide useful clues about a population's genetic structure that can be valuable in developing an effective management strategy. When combined with demographic, ecological, behavioral, and physiological characteristics of endangered species, genetic data has emerged as a unifying component for interpreting past history, present status, and future prospects for threatened populations facing extinction. A notable change has occurred in the last decade in developing conservation plans. Before 1980, endangered species protection emphasized ecological and demographic considerations. Today, genetics, reproductive physiology, clinical medicine, and infectious disease are agenda items on nearly all conservation management plans.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Complications of pediatric femoral shaft and distal physeal fractures.

Fractures of the femoral shaft comprise about 1.6% of all bony injuries in children and are the most common pediatric orthopaedic injury that requires hospitalization. The treatment of femoral fractures in children is largely dependent on the child's age and size and takes into account multiple considerations: the child's weight, associated injuries, the fracture pattern, the mechanism of injury, institutional or surgeons' preferences, and economic and social concerns. In addition, during the past two decades, there has been a dramatic change favoring surgical fixation rather than casting because of the many advantages of fixation, including more rapid mobilization. The goal of treatment should be to ultimately obtain a healed fracture and avoid associated complications, such as nonunion or delayed union, angular or rotational deformity, unequal limb lengths, infection, neurovascular injury, disruption of the growth plate, muscle weakness, and/or compartment syndrome.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Allium sativum (Garlic) Extract on Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Due to the importance of garlic extract in medicine, it contains many effective compounds that act as antibacterial agents, effective against many types of negative and positive bacteria, and given that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are characterized by their resistance to many antibiotics, so it requires finding materials that are safe in terms of their use and are anti-bacterial. Methodology Garlic extract is usually prepared by crushing or squeezing garlic cloves and then extracting the active compounds using solvents or other methods. There are several ways to prepare garlic extract, including steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasonic extraction. The plant extract was employed in the following concentrations: 10, 20, 30, and 40%. The biofilm production was measured over the course of two separate 24-48-hour incubation periods. The biofilm production significantly decreased as the plant extract concentration increased and significantly increased again when the biofilm concentration reached 40% over the course of the two separate 24-48-hour incubation periods. It was also found that the use of concentrations and the decrease in biofilm production differed significantly, as evidenced by the p-value of 0.0012 and the correlation coefficient between concentration and antibiotic.

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluid‐Induced Changes in Shear Velocity from Surface Waves

PreviousNext No AccessSymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2000Fluid‐Induced Changes in Shear Velocity from Surface WavesAuthors: Michael WestWilliam MenkeMichael WestLamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964‐1000 and William MenkeLamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964‐1000https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2922747 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Abstract Introductory paragraph for this paper is available only in the PDF and GZipped PS filesPermalink: https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2922747FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTime-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France25 April 2020 | Water, Vol. 12, No. 5Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Seismic Monitoring of The Near Surface: A Traffic-Noise Interferometry Case Study14 September 2017 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, No. 1Flash Rip Currents on Ocean Shoreline of Long Island, New York19 May 2011 Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2000 ISSN (online):1554-8015 Copyright: 2000 Pages: 1255 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 The Environmental and Engineering Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society HistoryPublished Online: 30 Sep 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Michael West and William Menke, (2000), "Fluid‐Induced Changes in Shear Velocity from Surface Waves," Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems Proceedings : 21-28. https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2922747 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Seismic Waves and Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Blackstart and Fault Ride-Through Capability of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines

Grid-forming wind turbines must be able to re-energize transmission branches, motor loads, unbalanced loads, and power electronics loads following a blackout. Further, they must ride through faults that can arise during restoration. To tackle these challenges, this paper sets forth a grid-forming control strategy for wind turbines using doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs). In particular, a special set of feedforward control loops are engineered to mitigate the impacts of restoration transients as well as symmetrical and asymmetrical faults on the regulation of DFIG rotor currents and stator voltages. This paper also leverages two-axis anti-windup regulators to bound two-axis voltage and current commands within ratings. As a result, the controller performance is demonstrated via a high-fidelity simulation model of a notional wind-dominant grid.

Topic: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Highly chemo-and region-selective nitro reduction by using a new catalytic system.

Phthalimide analogues have been extensively used in medicinal chemistry owing to their wide range of applications as anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypolipidimic and immunomodulatory activities. Number of anti-inflammatory phthalimide analogues have been synthesized as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors. TNF-α plays a critical role in certain physiological immune systems and its over-production causes severe damage to the host. It promotes the inflammatory response leading to many of the clinical problems associated with auto-immune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and refractory asthma. One of the phthalimide derivatives, LASSBio-468, was recently demonstrated to inhibit TNF-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in vivo. Its potential against chronic inflammatory diseases was also witnessed. Another derivative, DIMP, showed good anti-androgenic activity. These analogues have also been employed for the synthesis of several kinds of important therapeutic synthones. However extensive research on the chemistry and biological activities of phthalimide analogues has been carried out and number of reports appeared, a compilation focusing on chemistry and biological activity is still needed. This review, concisely describes the chemical and therapeutic aspects of phthalimide derivatives.

Topic: Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of tides in ocean--ice-shelf interactions in the southwestern Weddell Sea

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A novel regional ocean-sea-ice model configuration is designed to investigate the mechanisms of ocean&amp;amp;#8211;ice-shelf-melt interactions in the Weddell Sea. It features explicit resolution of the cavities of eastern Weddell, Larsen and Filchner-Ronne ice-shelves (FRIS, at 1.5-2.5 km horizontal resolution), as well as of the adjacent continental shelves (~2.5 km) and deep open-ocean gyre (at 2.5-4 km), in presence of interannually-varying atmospheric and ocean boundary forcing as well as explicit ocean tides. Simulated circulation, water mass and ice-shelf melt properties compare overall well with available open-ocean and cavity observations, and simulated Weddell ice-shelf melting reveals large variability on tidal, seasonal and year-to-year timescales.&amp;amp;#160;The presence of ocean tides, investigated explicitly, is revealed to result in a systematic time-average enhancement of both the production of ice-shelf meltwater as well as its refreezing on ascending branches of especially the FRIS cavity circulation. This tide-driven enhancement of the melt-induced FRIS cavity circulation acts to increase net ice-shelf melting (by 50%, ~50 Gt/yr) and the meltwater export by the FRIS outflow, and modulates their seasonal and lower frequency variability.&amp;amp;#160;The tidal impact on ice-shelf melting is consistent with being primarily driven mechanically through enhanced kinetic energy of the time-varying flow in contact with the ice drafts. The dynamically-driven tide-induced melting is thereby to almost 90% compensated by cooling through meltwater produced, but not quickly exported from regions of melting in the Weddell cold-cavity regime. Ocean boundary layer thermal adjustment underneath ice drafts, minimizing departures from the in-situ freezing point, thus substantially dampens the impact of tides on Weddell ocean&amp;amp;#8211;ice-shelf interactions.&amp;amp;#160;Simulations furthermore suggest attendant changes on the open-ocean continental shelves, characterized by overall freshening and modest year-round sea-ice thickening, as well as a marked freshening of newly-formed bottom waters in the southwestern Weddell Sea.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Influence of HRM Practices, Workplace Culture, and Training on Employee Performance

This study analyzed the influence of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, workplace culture, and training and development on employee performance at National Irrigation Administration (NIA) – Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation Systems (UPRIIS), Division II, in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 84 employees through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics.......

Topic: Employee Performance and Management
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Occlusion of dentin tubules with antibacterial ammonium hexafluorosilicate solution for the prevention of dentin caries.

SEM photographs demonstrated that dentin tubules after treatment with SiF were occluded homogeneously and similar to those on conventional SiF treatment regardless of the addition of an antibacterial agent. However, the depth of occlusion became significantly shallower when SiF was applied to dentin specimens covered with a smear layer.

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparing the Learning Ecologies of International Students in Internationalisation Abroad and at a Distance

This study explores and compares the experiences of international students studying through internationalisation abroad (IA) and at a distance (IaD) at a UK university through the lens of Ecological Systems Model. In doing so, we propose a revised Ecological Systems Model, integrating the co-existing but fluid and liminal virtual/physical and home/host dimensions. Thirty-two interviews were conducted with international students who studied either: 1) in-person, 2) online in their own country, or 3) first online and then in-person. Our findings identified that the perceived learning environments of IA and IaD students were not distinct from one another, yet the differences in their learning ecologies impacted their experiences significantly. Compared with geographically mobile students, international distance learners experienced a discrete process of internationalisation with limited intercultural learning. Our findings suggest our revised Ecological Systems Model provides a stronger conceptual framework for the digital era of international higher education.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The role of environmental variability in determining physiological responses in ecologically important bivalve species

Climate change is causing alterations to marine ecosystems with ocean acidification (OA) and warming widely considered to be some of the most pervasive anthropogenic threats to global marine biodiversity. To date the majority of climate change studies using intertidal organisms neglect the inherent natural variability experienced within coastal ecosystems and the substantial periods of emersion encountered over daily tidal cycles, thus limiting our ability to extrapolate responses of coastal organisms to near-future conditions. This project investigates how a variable intertidal environment can influence acid-base responses to future climatic conditions in the ecologically and economically important bivalve species Mytilus edulis and Perumytilus purpuratus. Fieldwork is used to provide novel and much needed data on the natural environmental conditions experienced by two populations of M. edulis and one population of P. purpuratus along with the acid-base response over 12-hour tidal cycles. This data then helps to parameterise experimental work investigating the influence of size (37 – 50 mm and 60 – 79 mm shell length), temperature (7 °C, 13 °C, 20 °C, 28 °C) and low pH exposure (pH 7.7) as drivers of acid-base change during environmentally realistic (6 hour) immersion and emersion periods. I then investigate the potential for populations inhabiting upwelling regions to have an altered acid-base response to short-term exposures to elevated pCO2 levels. Finally, I investigate if a variable pH/ pCO2 regime will incur greater physiological costs than a stable pH/ pCO2 regime over 14 days. My results add to further evidence suggesting mussels have a limited ability to regulate acid-base disturbances during both short- and medium- term exposures to elevated seawater pCO2. In addition, populations inhabiting upwelling regions showed no significant difference in acid-base response suggesting a low adaptation potential in acid-base regulatory abilities. Furthermore, my results clearly demonstrate for the first time that size (shell length) and temperature are the predominant drivers of acid-base change during emersion and pH/ pCO2 during immersion. Elevations in temperature had an increasing influence on acid-base balance, with size playing a crucial role in moderating these disturbances at increasingly higher temperatures. Perhaps most interesting, this project found a clear energetic cost of pH/ pCO2 variability over 14 days, suggesting the use of stable pH values currently used in OA studies may not reliably inform predictions of future organism responses. With seawater pH/ pCO2 variability expected to increase and intensify in addition to warming, sea level rise and other climatic changes, this work highlights the need to use environmentally realistic scenarios that reflect natural variability in order to predict future outcomes for marine biota.

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An elastoplastic model approach for the relaxation dynamics of active glasses

How activity affects the glassy dynamics is crucial for several biological processes. Furthermore, active glasses offer fascinating phenomenologies, extend the scope of equilibrium glasses, and can provide novel insights into the original problem. We introduce a family of novel approaches to investigating the relaxation dynamics of active glasses via an active elastoplastic model (EPM). These approaches describe the relaxation dynamics via local plastic yielding and can provide improved insights as we can study various aspects of the system separately. Activity enters the model via three crucial features: activity-mediated plastic yielding, activated barrier crossing, and persistent rotational dynamics of the yielding direction. We first consider a minimal active EPM that adds the effect of active yielding to a thermal EPM. We show that this active EPM captures the known results of active glasses within a reasonable parameter space. The results also agree well with the analytical results for active glasses when activity is small. The minimal model breaks down at very low temperatures where other effects become important. Looking at the broader model class, we demonstrate that whereas active yielding primarily dominates the relaxation dynamics, the persistence of yielding direction governs the dynamic heterogeneity in active glasses.

Topic: Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High performance silver nanowire based transparent electrodes reinforced by EVA resin adhesive

Transparent conducting films (TCFs) based electrodes are indispensable for most optoelectronic devices e.g. liquid crystal displayers, transparent touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Traditional TCF materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), have some inherent shortcomings, such as high-vacuum deposition process, high deposition temperature, relatively high cost, and brittleness. With the bloom of flexible and wearable electronics, flexible TCFs become more important than ever. Among various candidates, silver nanowires (AgNWs) based TCF draws more attentions than others for its superior electrical and optical properties. However there are still some challenges to be overcome, such as the poor electrical contact among the AgNWs and the weak mechanical contact between the AgNWs conducting networks and transparent substrate. In this work, combining the electrostatic spraying and Mayer rod coating processes, we have fabricated a high performance AgNWs based TCF with over 85% optical transmittance, less than 50 Ω/sq sheet resistance, and excellent adhesion to the substrate with the involvement of ethylene viny acetate (EVA) resin as the interlayer. This simple two steps process is also compatible with the roll-to-roll coating process, which can well address the challenges of low cost, high performance, flexibility and robustness.

Topic: Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Magnesium Applications for Fuel Economy and Energy Production

Abstract In this study, the properties, applications, technological barriers, and future projection of magnesium and magnesium based materials in fuel economy and energy production were evaluated. Mg lowers fabrication and joining costs, substitution by lightweight materials enable weight savings, in addition lifetime fuel costs and CO 2 emission are reduced. Studies state that reducing the automotive weights by a certain amount will result in a similar reduction in fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Most power systems, either renewable or nuclear, provide solutions for electricity production, but to date, there is no satisfactory substitute for liquid fossil fuel for use in transportation (cars, airplanes, and the like) due to environmental reasons or security of supply. A resent approach to this problem is to use hydrogen as fuel. Researches on Magnesium-Air Fuel Cell (MAFC) Technology resulted in new and improved technologies which have advanced the magnesium-air fuel cell to commercialization. The MAFC approach to an alternative energy source is the development of a powerful, reliable and environmentally friendly non-toxic fuel cell that generates energy using magnesium. From the results of the resarches it is concluded that magnesium applications reduce CO 2 emission, and fuel costs.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Random fasciocutaneous flap repair refractory wound in legs

Objective:To investigate the repairing effects of random fasciocutaneous flap for refractory wound in legs.Methods:Fasciocutaneous flaps of(3.0×4.5)~(8×15)cm2 in proper shapes were obtained from the deep layer of deep fascia near the patients' calf and were used for covering the wound.Results:All the 24 patients got I stage incision healing effects,and all the transferred flaps were successful.According to 6 month to 1 year follow up,the morphology of the surgical region were flat and satisfied,no cat-ear shaped mark was observed and scars were not obvious for all patients.Conclusion:Repairing refractory wound in the leg with random fasciocutaneous flap is a safe and convenient surgery with good long-term effects..

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences