jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A History of Missouri

Journal Article A History of Missouri. Vol. II: 1820 to 1860. By Perry McCandless. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, x + 325 pp. Maps, essay on sources, and index. $9.50.) Get access Donald F. Carmony Donald F. Carmony Indiana University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 60, Issue 3, December 1973, Page 803, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917724 Published: 01 December 1973

Topic: Mormonism, Religion, and History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pluralizing the Paraphrase: Reconsidering Meaning via a Typology of Linguistic Changes

For several years, I taught undergraduate writing to international and first and second generation students in the U.S. Like many academic writing classes, one of the pillars of my syllabi concerned the use of outside sources, including internet research, source credibility, plagiarism, and the "triad" (Keck, 2006), which consists of the quotation, the summary and the paraphrase.General consensus agrees development of such skills

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
HLPW-4/GMGW-3 : Fixed-Grid RANS Technology Focus Group Workshop Summary

The current state-of-the-practice technology for high-lift aerodynamic simulations is to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations on a fixed grid, or a refinement sequence of fixed grids. The Fixed-Grid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Technology Focus Group set out to determine meshing requirements and best practices; whether RANS can accurately predict the change in aerodynamic performance with changes in flap deflection; whether RANS modeling can produce accurate results near 𝐶𝐿max ; and the effects of underconvergence and solution strategy on computed results. Eighteen groups of participants submitted over 100 datasets. Challenges with grid convergence and iterative convergence made it impossible to definitively answer all the questions we had posed. Despite this, we can conclude that meshes with at least half a billion cells (more than a billion degrees of freedom) are required for grid convergence away from stall; that RANS simulations cannot currently be reliably used to predict aerodynamic coefficients near stall, nor changes in coefficients with changes in flap angle; that iterative underconvergence remains a significant source of uncertainty in outputs; and that solution initialization can have an important effect on solution behavior, including flow separation patterns.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A in New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong

FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Removal trapping to control<i>Artioposthia triangulata</i>

Summary. Removal trapping was used to try and reduce numbers of the predatory planarian Artioposthia triangulata in polythene tunnels on a nursery and a grass field. Ten months of trapping in the tunnels failed to have any impact upon flatworm numbers but weekly catches reduced over a period of 12 weeks' trapping in grassland. The calculated residual population in the grassland (40 ha ‐1 ) was small in comparison with that estimated from formalin sampling (940 × 1288 ha ‐1 ). A separate field study examined the effect of trap density on catch by spacing traps at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 m intervals. This showed that the numbers of planarians caught was inversely related to the logarithm of trap spacing. It is concluded that removal trapping is too demanding of resources to be a viable control option for this pest in commercial and agricultural situations.

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Ethical Challenges of Globalization

Globalization has transformed the world from a collection of discrete communities interacting occasionally to an overlapping community of fate. Thus culturally, politically and economically, communities across the world now operate in what is essentially a shared space albeit divided into artificial political condominiums called nation-states. This artificial division, notwithstanding, the intensification of transnational relations occasioned by globalizing forces and processes has opened up novel forms of social bonds and responsibilities. As nations, peoples and communities across the globe become economically, socially and politically connected, the distinction between the global and the local becomes increasingly blurred and events and actions in one locale carries with it the potential to generate transnational and transgenerational consequences. It is precisely because in a globalized world, events and actions are capable of giving rise to transnational consequences, that moral reflection about our responsibilities and obligations has become an imperative. Taking the above observations as a point of departure, this paper seeks to highlight some of the plethora of normative issues and question which are becoming increasingly significant in the age of globalization. These, interestingly, includes the c haracter of globalization itself. Critics have argued that the currently unfolding neoliberal globalization concentrates wealth in the hands of a few while it leaves the majority in the condition of poverty. Other questions relate to the environment, cultural imperialism, human rights, global poverty, the rise of powerful transnational corporations etc.

Topic: Globalization and Cultural Identity
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Charge screening and carrier transport in AA-stacked bilayer graphene: tuning via a perpendicular electric field

The static dielectric function in AA-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG), subjected to an electric field applied perpendicular to layers, is calculated analytically within the random phase approximation (RPA). This result is used to calculate the screened Coulomb interaction and the electrical conductivity. The screened Coulomb interaction, which here can be tuned by the perpendicular electric field, shows a power-law decay as $1/(γ^{2}+V^2)$ at long-distance limit where $V$ and $γ$ are the electrical potential and the inter-layer hopping energy respectively, indicating that the Coulomb interaction is suppressed at high perpendicular electric fields. Furthermore, Our results for the effect of the short-range and the long-range (Coulomb) scattering on the electrical conductivity show that the shot-range scattering yields a constant electrical conductivity which is not affected by the perpendicular electric filed. While the electrical conductivity limited by the Coulomb scattering is enhanced by the perpendicular electric field and increases linearly in $V^2$ at small $V$ with a finite value at $V=0$, indicating that we can tune the electrical conductivity in AA-stacked BLG by applying a perpendicular electric field.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of combination therapy with sodium valproate, Peg-interferon and prednizolone on clinical findings in HTLV-1 associated spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Patients

Effect of combination therapy with sodium valproate, Peg-interferon and prednizolone on clinical findings in HTLV-1 associated spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Patients

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Atorvastatin Inhibits Endothelial PAI-1-Mediated Monocyte Migration and Alleviates Radiation-Induced Enteropathy

Intestinal injury is observed in cancer patients after radiotherapy and in individuals exposed to radiation after a nuclear accident. Radiation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system by inducing endothelial damage and senescence. Despite advances in medical technology, the toxicity of radiation to healthy tissue remains an issue. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on radiation-induced enteropathy and inflammatory responses. We selected atorvastatin based on its pleiotropic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that atorvastatin mitigated radiation-induced endothelial damage by regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse model. PAI-1 secreted by HUVECs contributed to endothelial dysfunction and trans-endothelial monocyte migration after radiation exposure. We observed that PAI-1 production and secretion was inhibited by atorvastatin in irradiated HUVECs and radiation-induced enteropathy mouse model. More specifically, atorvastatin inhibited PAI-1 production following radiation through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest that atorvastatin alleviates radiation-induced enteropathy and supports the investigation of atorvastatin as a radio-mitigator in patients receiving radiotherapy.

Topic: Effects of Radiation Exposure
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Moving In The Right Direction: Policies And Potential Of Community-Based Traditional Forest Management In Merauke Regency

The aim of the research is to describe the role of collaborative participation in addressing issues of management of customary forest potentials, local wisdom, law and politics in order to be able to provide practical recommendations to related parties in improving the management of customary forest potentials and improving the economy of communities around customary forests. Research method The research approach used in this study is qualitative with a phenomenological research design. The results of the study show that the management of customary forest products in Merauke Regency requires the participation of academics, entrepreneurs, the community, the government and the media in helping the community to take advantage of the potential of customary forests. Customary forest management based on local wisdom can be used as a model for forest management that guarantees fair distribution and sustainable ecosystem maintenance. Community internal and external constraints can hinder the successful management of customary forests. To develop the potential, it is necessary to modernize the management of forest and non-forest products and the management of ecotourism.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Multiple <i>N</i>-acetyltransferases and drug metabolism. Tissue distribution, characterization and significance of mammalian <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase

Investigations in the rabbit have indicated the existence of more than one N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5). At least two enzymes, possibly isoenzymes, were partially characterized. The enzymes differed in their tissue distribution, substrate specificity, stability and pH characteristics. One of the enzymes was primarily associated with liver and gut and catalysed the acetylation of a wide range of drugs and foreign compounds, e.g. isoniazid, p-aminobenzoic acid, sulphamethazine and sulphadiazine. The activity of this enzyme corresponded to the well-characterized polymorphic trait of isoniazid acetylation, and determined whether individuals were classified as either `rapid' or `slow' acetylators. Another enzyme activity found in extrahepatic tissues readily catalysed the acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid but was much less active towards isoniazid and sulphamethazine. The activity of this enzyme remained relatively constant from individual to individual. Studies in vitro and in vivo with both `rapid' and `slow' acetylator rabbits revealed that, for certain substrates, extrahepatic N-acetyltransferase contributes significantly to the total acetylating capacity of the individual. The possible significance and applicability of these findings to drug metabolism and acetylation polymorphism in man is discussed.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Goodness-of-fit test for Gaussian regression with block correlated errors

We propose a procedure to test that the expectation of a Gaussian vector is linear against a nonparametric alternative. We consider the case where the covariance matrix of the observations has a block diagonal structure. This framework encompasses regression models with autocorrelated errors, heteroscedastic regression models, mixed-effects models and growth curves. Our procedure does not depend on any prior information about the alternative. We prove that the test is asymptotically of the nominal level and consistent. We characterize the set of vectors on which the test is powerful and prove the classical √log log (n)/n convergence rate over directional alternatives. We propose a bootstrap version of the test as an alternative to the initial one and provide a simulation study in order to evaluate both procedures for small sample sizes when the purpose is to test goodness of fit in a Gaussian mixed-effects model. Finally, we illustrate the procedures using a real data set.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microinjection of Xenopus laevis Oocytes: A Model System

Oocytes of the African frog Xenopus laevis have been used extensively as a system to study the biological activity of many different molecules. It is an excellent system to study regulation of transcription, translation and secretion, as well as the metabolic alterations associated with signaling cascades. The large size of fully grown oocytes (over 1.2 mm in diameter) and their easy manipulation and evaluation of results, has made this system an excellent one to study the potential role of any type of molecule in either mitogenic signaling or a variety of metabolic pathways. Xenopus oocytes have been specially useful in the discovery and identification of enzymes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and have been used extensively for the analysis of potential mitogenic signals, expression and characterization of many kinds of receptors, identification of potential inhibitors of signaling molecules, and more recently, also as a model system for the identification of apoptosis-related molecules. his research is based on the fact that the biological effects of these signals can be easily recognized by monitoring either the breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GVBD), biochemical changes within the oocyte, or DNA degradation in apoptotic nuclei.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1851643.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Coffee research and impacts
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
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Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Responses to an early childhood educational intervention with disadvantaged families: an exploratory study

Recent decades have seen an expansion of the early intervention field, particularly with children who are deemed at risk of adverse outcomes due to socio-economic or other disadvantage. Early educational intervention has taken many forms, but those involving both the child and parent together have been shown to have the strongest effects. Additionally, intervention in the early years, enhancing the child’s ability to engage with formal schooling, has been found to have a lasting impact not just on the educational trajectory of the individual, but also on the life opportunities which become available. This thesis reports an investigation of the implementation of the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program in a regional city in Victoria, Australia. Here, for the first time, this intensive, graduated, two-year program was delivered to a group of Australian-born families experiencing trans-generational poverty and educational disadvantage. The administering agency trained para-professionals from the community who undertook fortnightly home visits to instruct parents in a standard curriculum designed to enhance the learning readiness of their children. Parents, in turn, delivered the program in daily sessions to their children aged four and five. On alternate fortnights this instruction was provided at group meetings for parents. Following previous research, it was expected that HIPPY would result in positive outcomes in terms of cognitive and socio-emotional functioning for children. The experience of parents and staff were also explored as part of the process evaluation. Implementation issues were documented, and their relevance to program outcomes was considered. Analysis of complementary qualitative and quantitative data showed that children made substantial gains in several areas. Interviews with parents revealed that HIPPY was enjoyable and achievable, and contributed to children’s increased confidence, early learning, and familiarity with schoolwork. Formal psychological testing demonstrated clear gains for children in terms of their early school skills and socioemotional development, although results in the areas of general cognitive development, school readiness, and academic self-esteem were inconclusive. Process evaluation found that HIPPY was relevant and feasible in this population and highlighted several key aspects of program implementation. Findings are discussed in the light of international literature in the early intervention area, and implications for future practice and research are drawn out.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1978605: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Early Film Criticism of Francois Truffaut

Before turning to filmmaking, Francois Truffaut was a film critic writing for Cahiers du Cinema during the 1950s. The Early film Criticism of Francois Truffaut makes available, for the first time in English, articles that originally appeared in French journals such as Cahiers du Cinema and Arts. Truffaut discusses films by such acknowledged masters as Hitchcock, Huston, Dymytryk, and Lang, but also examines the work of such lesser-known directors as Robert Wise, Don Weis, and Roger Vadim.

Topic: Visual Culture and Art Theory
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ecological experiments: between a rock and a hard place

When I ask my first-year marine science students what they think science is, apart from some blank looks, I get a range of answers. One of the most common themes that emerges is that science is not a thing, but a way of doing things and that way of doing centres on experiments. Brought up in a western culture, for them science has become synonymous with a ‘Popparian philosophy’ (Popper, 1962), focused on the experimental falsification of hypotheses. This is difficult to do in the marine environment. In the dynamic offshore environment, the concept of replication becomes challenging, conditions are never matched exactly in space or time; while constraining organisms such as plankton or fish that live in intimate contact with the medium and travel large distances likely brings with it the potential for experimental artefacts. It is, perhaps, therefore surprising that marine rocky shores have been a major site for ecological experiments that have been fundamental to our understanding of the ecological workings of the world and underpin a significant amount of ecological theory. Hawkins et al. (2020) describes the evolution of our knowledge of rocky shore ecology and in particular how experimental studies on rocky shores have been used to develop theoretical frameworks and to test ecological hypotheses

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences