jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance-Based Incentives for Health: Conditional Cash Transfer

In order to support poor families in the developing world to seek and use health care, a multi-pronged strategy is needed on both the supply and the demand side of health care. A demand-side program called Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) strives to reduce poverty and also increase food consumption, school attendance, and use of preventive health care. Since 1997, seven countries in Latin America have implemented and evaluated CCT programs with health and nutrition components. The core of the program is based on encouraging poor mothers to seek preventive health services and attend health education talks by providing a cash incentive for their healthy behavior (with healthy behavior representing performance). Evaluations of these programs measured outputs in the utilization of services; health knowledge, attitudes, and practice; food consumption; the supply and quality of services; as well as outcomes in vaccination rates; nutritional status; morbidity; mortality; and fertility. While CCT impact evaluations provided unambiguous evidence that financial incentives increase utilization of key services by the poor, the studies gave little attention to the impact on health-related behaviors, attitudes, and household decision-making or how these factors contribute to or limit

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
UV wavelengths experienced during development affect larval newt visual sensitivity and predation efficiency

We experimentally investigated the influence of developmental plasticity of ultraviolet (UV) visual sensitivity on predation efficiency of the larval smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris . We quantified expression of SWS1 opsin gene (UV-sensitive protein of photoreceptor cells) in the retinas of individuals who had developed in the presence (UV+) or absence (UV−) of UV light (developmental treatments), and tested their predation efficiency under UV+ and UV− light (testing treatments). We found that both SWS1 opsin expression and predation efficiency were significantly reduced in the UV− developmental group. Larvae in the UV− testing environment displayed consistently lower predation efficiency regardless of their developmental treatment. These results prove for the first time, we believe, functional UV vision and developmental plasticity of UV sensitivity in an amphibian at the larval stage. They also demonstrate that UV wavelengths enhance predation efficiency and suggest that the magnitude of the behavioural response depends on retinal properties induced by the developmental lighting environment.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction the Substrate Specificities of Membrane Transport Proteins Based on Support Vector Machine and Hybrid Features

Membrane transport proteins and their substrate specificities play crucial roles in a variety of cellular functions. Identifying the substrate specificities of membrane transport proteins is closely related to the protein-target interaction prediction, drug design, membrane recruitment, and dysregulation analysis. However, experimental methods to this aim are time consuming, labor intensive, and costly. Therefore, we proposed a novel method basing on support vector machine (SVM) to predict substrate specificities of membrane transport proteins by integrating features from position-specific score matrix (PSSM), PROFEAT, and Gene Ontology (GO). Finally, jackknife cross-validation tests were adopted on a benchmark and independent datasets to measure the performance of the proposed method. The overall accuracy of 96.16 and 80.45 percent were obtained for two datasets, which are higher (from 2.12 to 20.44 percent) than that by the state-of-the-art tool. Comparison results indicate that the proposed model is more reliable and efficient for accurate prediction the substrate specificities of membrane transport proteins.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
What next? supporting student progression

This case study describes the development of a resource for supporting student progression to Higher Education from level 3 and 4 courses at London College of Fashion.

The experience of completing the applications process is fraught with anxiety for students, considering their own strengths and abilities, selecting an appropriate course, preparing both their work and themselves for interview, the financial implications of acceptance and the need to deal with possible rejection.

For tutors supporting these students at this very sensitive time there is a need to have good, relevant and current information, advice and guidance. Information has to be consistent and easily accessible and suitable for dissemination to a very large and very diverse student body.

This project was developed in consultation with staff and students who recognized a need for a better more user friendly way of accessing this information and building on the already existing good practice. The project was funded through a joint Creative Learning in Practice Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CLIP CETL) Fellowship between Sarah Atkinson and Vija Vilcins at The University of the Arts London.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Five Albanian Villages

This book is the result of a research project designed and carried out at the Department of Architecture, University of Florence. This research was based on the transfer of knowledge from members of the Albanian Diaspora in Italy (university students, young architects and researchers) to their home country. This unique process blazed a trail in the Albania-related studies by creating a methodology, which could be replicated not only in Albanian rural contexts, but also elsewhere. The book constitutes a structured tool for generating sustainable and socially inclusive territorial development processes in five lesser-known Albanian cultural sites. Their tangible and intangible cultural heritage was seen as a driving factor for triggering development processes aimed at improving the inhabitants’ quality of life and strengthening local identity and social networks. Through concrete proposals and strategies, the book offers scenarios and solutions capable of enhancing the potential of each village and, at the same time, counteracting the effects of land abandonment that so often characterise them.

Topic: Urbanization and City Planning
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The substantia nigra is a major target for neurovirulent influenza A virus.

Clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN) strain of influenza A virus, the nonneurovirulent A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2; Aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. The virus strains with the WSN gene segment coding for neuraminidase induced meningoencephalitis in mice. The mice inoculated with the R96 strain, which has only the neuraminidase gene from the WSN strain, had mild symptoms and weak positive immunostaining to the anti-WSN antibody in meningeal regions. Both the WSN and R404BP strains, which contain the WSN gene segments coding for neuraminidase and matrix protein, were clearly neurovirulent both clinically and pathologically. On day 3 after inoculation with either of these two strains, WSN antigen was detected in meningeal and ependymal areas, neurons of circumventricular regions, the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, the substantia nigra zona compacta, and the ventral tegmental area. On day 7, meningeal reactions and neuronal staining were still seen, and advanced accumulation of the viral antigen was evident in the substantia nigra zona compacta and hippocampus. Double immunostaining demonstrated that the WSN antigen was only seen in neurons and not in microglia or reactive astrocytes. Immunostaining for the lectin maackia amurensis agglutinin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac alpha 2,3 Gal sequence, which serves as a binding site for influenza A virus on target cell membranes, showed that positive staining was localized in the ventral substantia nigra and hippocampus. These results suggest that neurovirulent influenza A viruses could be one of the causative agents for postencephalitic parkinsonism.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improved MTPA Control for Variable-Flux Memory Machine With Operating Envelope Prediction-Based MS Manipulation

This article proposes an improved maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control method for variable-flux memory machine (VFMM) with operating envelop prediction-based magnetization state (MS) manipulation. The proposed method can achieve the MTPA control under the voltage limitation and simplify the MS adjustment process for expanding the operating region. The mathematical model of the studied VFMM is established to calculate the reference current for MTPA control online as well as to predict the operating envelop at each MS. According to the calculated operating envelop, the proposed MS manipulation method can separate the magnetization and demagnetization processes by setting two MS manipulation boundaries correspondingly, which is easily implementable and can avoid frequent MS manipulation processes. Besides, the inductance characteristics of the machine are measured to improve the model accuracy and control performance. Experiments are carried out on a VFMM prototype to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Case of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (AILD).

67歳,男性。1999年9月,発熱,全身性リンパ節腫脹,皮疹,高γ-グロブリン血症,肝脾腫等の臨床所見を呈して急激に発症した。病理組織学的に,皮膚には特異的な所見は認められないが,リンパ節は基本構造は完全に破壊され,小血管の樹枝状増生が著明にみられ,AILDに特異的な所見と判断した。浸潤リンパ球はT細胞の表面形質を有していたが,T細胞抗原受容体(TCR)遺伝子の再構成を認めなかった。臨床所見,病理組織学所見より,AILDと診断した。ステロイド大量療法,免疫抑制剤療法が行われたが,腫瘍増大と肺炎を併発し,翌年1月に死亡した。

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanical and structural properties of collagen fibrils

There is a fundamental need for techniques that are capable of determining the&#13;\nmechanical properties of biological fibrils at the nanoscale. This is because of the&#13;\ndirect relationship between structure and function of an organism and the&#13;\nmechanical properties of its building blocks. Collagen, for example, which is the&#13;\nmost abundant protein in mammals, is best known as the principal tensile element&#13;\nproviding the mechanical structure to our bodies. Although collagen has been&#13;\ninvestigated intensively in the last decades, relatively little is known about its&#13;\nmechanics and inner structure. In this thesis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based&#13;\nmethods were employed to probe the mechanical properties of the nanometer-sized&#13;\ntype I collagen fibrils from rat tail tendon (diameter 50 - 300 nm).&#13;\nAFM-based nanoindentation was performed to determine the elasticity of individual&#13;\nfibrils under both physiological conditions and in the dehydrated state. To gain&#13;\ninsight into the fibril interior structure a novel AFM-based scraping technique was&#13;\ndeveloped that can dislocate parts of the outer layer of delicate biological specimens.&#13;\nApplied to individual collagen fibrils, the technique led to a successful exposure of&#13;\nthe fibril core. Nanoindentation measurements of fibril shell and core indicated no&#13;\nsignificant differences in the mechanical properties. Further, the longitudinal&#13;\nstretching behaviour of single fibrils was studied in novel nanoscale strain&#13;\nexperiments. This provided additional insight into the internal structure of fibrils as it&#13;\nis the molecular arrangement which determines the stretching behaviour.&#13;\nThe outcome of this thesis promises a better understanding of the structural and&#13;\nmechanical properties of collagen fibrils and provides novel techniques and tools for&#13;\nadvanced mechanical characterisation at the nanoscale.

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exhibits and Ancillary Agreements

This chapter highlights the importance of exhibits and ancillary agreements that are part of a business process outsourcing (BPO) contract. It is in the exhibits to the BPO contract that the particular services to be provided are described, assets, methodologies, and technology are identified, service levels are specified, base and incremental pricing is set out, and the scope and implementation of the transition and/or transformation are detailed. The types, number, and scope of the exhibits to be attached to the BPO contract generally vary depending on the scope, location, and value of the services to be outsourced and the time frame in which the contract is to be negotiated. Often in a BPO transaction, a number of ancillary agreements are entered into as part of or in conjunction with the main services contract. The particular types of ancillary agreements entered into in connection with the overall BPO transaction are driven by the business deal at hand and, therefore, vary from transaction to transaction.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7 from Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization through Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Hyperactivation

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7 from Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization through Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Hyperactivation

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparation and characterization of 6‐substituted 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene

Abstract The lithium 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐6‐ide ( 1 ) prepared from 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and n ‐butyllithium reacts with alkyl halides and carbonyl compounds such as benzophenone, acetophenone, and benzaldehyde to give 6‐substituted DBU derivatives in good yields. The reaction behavior of 6‐substi‐tuted DBU was also investigated.

Topic: Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polymerase chain reaction amplifying mycobacterial DNA from aspirates obtained by endoscopic ultrasound allows accurate diagnosis of mycobacterial disease in HIV-positive patients with abdominal lymphadenopathy

Stellenbosch University, South Africa 3 Department of Molecular pathology, Ampath laboratories, Pretoria 4 Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria 5 Department of Pathology, Ampath laboratories 6 Department of Anatomical pathology, University of Pretoria 7 Department of surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa 8 MRC Unit of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria 9 Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service 10 Interventional GI-unit, Pretoria East hospital, Pretoria, South Africa

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prediction of Serum Glycoside Concentration in the Elderly Receiving Beta-Methyldigoxin.

A previous study concerning beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) in the elderly has suggested that serum glycoside concentration (SGC) can be predicted based on the daily dosage of BMD and serum albumin (Alb). From 73 elderly inpatients receiving BMD, we have derived the equation to predict SGC based on the daily dosage of BMD/body weight (=dosage/BW), serum creatinine (Scr), and Alb using stepwise forward multiple regression analysis as follows:SGC=1.3+318 (dosage/BW)-0.25/Scr -0.22Albwhere SGC is in ng/ml, dosage in mg/day, BW in kg, Scr in mg/dl, and Alb in g/dl . The adjusted multiple correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted SGC was 0.829, and adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.687. This indicated that 69% of the variability in actual SGC could be explained by the three predictors of dosage/BW, 1/Scr, and Alb. As is expected, 1/Scr is considered to reflect renal clearance of BMD. On the other hand, it remains unknown as to what Alb specifically represents . Further studies are needed regarding the impact of Alb on SGC.

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research Trends of the Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis -Based on the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine-

Objectives The goal of this review was to investigate clinical, experimental and literature studies of Korean medicine on atopic dermatitis (AD) of Korean children in Korean medicine literature, seeking for the better research methods for more effective treatments. Methods Electronic investigations were practiced on AKOP (The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, http://www.akop.or.kr) to collect theses which were published by J Pediatr Korean Med. The key word 'Atopy' was used for searching to ensure that every related thesis was collected. The publication date was limited from 1996 to 2016. The selected literatures were assessed mainly according to distributions of study type, publication year, scale, treatment and its efficacy. Results 55 papers were selected from 59 studies. In these collected 55 related theses, there were 29 experimental studies (52.73%), 18 clinical studies (32.73%), 8 review studies (14.55%). In the 29 experimental studies, there were 20 studies (68.97%) using NC/Nga mouse as subjects. The mite antigen was used to trigger AD by 8 studies (27.59%). The studies have been utilizing DNCB and DNFB instead of mite antigen since 2011. All the experimental studies showed that the Korean medicine was effective in AD. In total 18 clinical studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were case reports, only 1 thesis (5.56%) was conducted by case control study and the rest were case series studies. 7 studies (38.89%) of 18 studies diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria (1980), only 1 study (5.56%) according to the Korean standard and the rest 10 studies (55.56%) didn't mention diagnostic criteria. 12 clinical studies (66.67%) showed efficacy in treating AD. There were 10 studies (55.56%) only employing internal treatments and 1 thesis (5.56%) didn't mention the exact prescription. Naesowhajungtang-kamibang, Saenghyeoryunbue-um were used 3 times (16.67%) as the internal medicine respectively. 5 theses (27.78%) were combined with acupuncture therapy. Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) were used in 4 theses, and Taichong (LR3), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) in 3 theses. The number of acupoints chosen from The Spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin was the largest. There were 8 review theses. 2 were about the foreign oriental medicine, 3 were about the external medicine or external treatment methods, and 3 other studies were about severity scoring systems, the methodological study in the latest clinical study, overview for pattern and results of herbal medicine-derived AD clinical researches. Conclusions The experimental studies and clinical studies showed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments. However, this study still needs improving by conducting more comparative studies and using better research methods, in order to find more effective treatments to improve clinical efficacy.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cultural Tourism Economy and Cultural Heritage of National Music and Dance Bases under the Integration of Digital Intelligence, Industry and Education

In the era of digital intelligence, the integration of the digital intelligence industry and education in colleges and universities is becoming an important development direction, and this paper explores the significance of constructing ethnic music and dance bases in China's tourism economic value and cultural inheritance in this context. By analyzing the market demand and development potential of the ethnic music and dance industry, as well as the current situation of university base construction, we discuss the challenges and dilemmas it is facing. Finally, it puts forward relevant construction suggestions, including strengthening the application of digital intelligence technology, integrating multiple resources, synergizing with the cultural and tourism economy, and strengthening cultural inheritance. The aim is to provide theoretical reference for the construction of ethnic music and dance bases and to promote their greater role in the development of culture and tourism economy and cultural inheritance.

Topic: E-commerce and Technology Innovations
Subfield: Business and International Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Do African microfinance institutions need efficiency for financial stability and social outreach?

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have the dual objective of providing social welfare and financial stability. We evaluated the financial efficiency of MFIs in sub-Saharan African countries by comparing their regional performances during the period 2004–2013. We addressed prevailing MFI heterogeneity by using the concept of ‘metafrontier’. The results showed that on an average, more than half the MFIs showed a drop in productivity. The measure of how much one country gets closer to or further away from world frontier technology is commonly known as the TGC score. In world frontier technology, East and South Asian countries have taken the lead (TGC score 1.0048) while sub-Saharan African countries lag behind (TGC score 1.0020). Most East and South Asian countries have a TGC score of 1, and most sub-Saharan African countries have a TGC score less than 1. This signifies that Asian countries lead world frontier technology and most African countries do not. The decomposition of efficiency scores showed that with regard to technical changes, African nations had progressed on average only 0.01%, and efficiency change scores had regressed by 0.59% annually. Significance: First efficiency study on microfinance institutions and their heterogeneity in Africa. The results show robust discrimination among the efficiency scores.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hysteresis in the cell response to time-dependent substrate stiffness

Mechanical cues like the rigidity of the substrate are main determinants for the decision making of adherent cells. Here we use a mechano-chemical model to predict the cellular response to varying substrate stiffness. The model equations combine the mechanics of contractile actin filament bundles with a model for the Rho-signaling pathway triggered by forces at cell-matrix contacts. A bifurcation analysis of cellular contractility as a function of substrate stiffness reveals a bistable response, thus defining a lower threshold of stiffness, below which cells are not able to build up contractile forces, and an upper threshold of stiffness, above which cells are always in a strongly contracted state. Using the full dynamical model, we predict that rate-dependent hysteresis will occur in the cellular traction forces when cells are exposed to substrates of time-dependent stiffness.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences