jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inclusive multi-channel measurement of the impact-parameter distribution in collisions of swift heavy ions with He

Recoil ion momentum spectroscopy is used to study the impact-parameter dependence of the single-ionization, double-ionization, single-capture and transfer-ionization channels in fast collisions of highly charged ions with He. The possibility of obtaining a relationship between the impact parameter and the transverse momentum of the recoil in inelastic collisions is investigated. It is found that a deflection function based on a static screening potential gives consistent agreement between model calculations based on the independent electron approximation and the experimental data for all channels investigated and over the whole range of impact parameters deduced from the measurement.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Development of Bispecific Hexavalent Antibodies as a Novel Class of DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) Complexes

The DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) method provides a modular approach to develop multivalent, multifunctional complexes of defined structures, of which bispecific hexavalent antibodies (bsHexAbs) are prominent examples with potential applications in targeted therapy for malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Currently, bsHexAbs are constructed by derivatizing a divalent IgG, at the carboxyl termini of either the heavy chain (the CH3-format) or the light chain (the Ck-format), to contain two stabilized dimers of Fab having a different specificity from the IgG. In this review, we briefly outline the features of the DNLTM method and describe key aspects of bsHexAbs examined with diverse preclinical studies, which include binding affinity to target cells, induction of signaling pathways, effector functions, serum stability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in human tumor xenograft models. Our findings favor the selection of the CK- over the CH3-format for further exploration of bsHexAbs in clinical trials.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Summary Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are genetically engineered cells containing fusion proteins combining an extracellular epitope-specific binding domain, a transmembrane and signaling domains of the T cell receptor. The CD19-CAR T cell product tisagenlecleucel has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for therapy of children and young adults under 25 years with relapsed/refractory B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to a high overall response rate of 81% at 3 months after therapy. The rates of event-free and overall survival were 50 and 76% at 12 months. Despite the high initial response rate with CD19-CAR‑T cells in B‑ALL, relapses occur in a significant fraction of patients. Current strategies to improve CAR‑T cell efficacy focus on improved persistence of CAR‑T cells in vivo, use of multispecific CARs to overcome immune escape and new CAR designs. The approved CAR‑T cell products are from autologous T cells generated on a custom-made basis with an inherent risk of production failure. For large scale clinical applications, universal CAR‑T cells serving as “off-the-shelf” agents would be of advantage. During recent years CAR‑T cells have been frequently used for bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with relapsed/refractory B‑ALL since we currently are not able to distinguish those CAR‑T cell induced CRs that will persist without further therapy from those that are likely to be short-lived. CAR‑T cells are clearly of benefit for treatment following relapse after allogeneic HSCT. Future improvements in CAR‑T cell constructs may allow longer term remissions without additional HSCT.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Perceptions of young, single African American fathers and early childrearing involvement: A phenomenological study

A qualitative study was used to explore the perceptions of young, single African American fathers and early childrearing involvement. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of six men enrolled in a community-based, fatherhood program in a Midwestern city. Experiences were clustered into themes resulting in a rich, thick description of participants’ perceptions of fathering. Four major themes emerged: (a) a work in progress: fatherhood investment; (b) a little island by myself: barriers to fathering; (c) I’m going to be there from day one to infinity: presence; and (d) the tomorrow dad: not like my dad. The researcher presented a description of how fatherhood was experienced by the participants and what was experienced. Active participation in childrearing cares evolved as the essence of young, single African American fatherhood. Fathering characteristics as well as the social and cultural context in which childrearing interactions developed were noteworthy determinants of paternal identity and behavior. Barriers to fathering created resource-poor environments posing challenges to involvement. Dispelling the myth that fathers are expendable remains a concern. The findings support the need for more father-based resources and father-centered interventions.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An An Assessment of Teaching Idioms at College Level

The present study aims at investigating the presence of teaching idioms at English Department - College of Basic Education syllabi and the methods used in teaching idioms. A test, containing 45 idioms, was given to 40 fourth grade students to investigate their knowledge about idioms acquired through their learning at college. The researcher modified a test based on Vanderniet (2015) and Tran (2003), in which they have focused only on the most frequent idioms. The results of the syllabi analysis showed an unexpected result that only four hours are devoted to the teaching of idioms or any other figurative expressions throughout the whole four academic years at college. Teaching idioms is embedded within the syllabus of four coursebooks, which are: Communication (first grade), Communication (second grade), Culture (third grade) and Translation (third grade). The results of the test coincides with the lack of teaching idioms since, unfortunately, 21% of the students passed the test successfully. The neglect is due partly to the program designers who didn't pay attention to the teaching of the figurative language. Teachers also have a negative role in this avoidance and focusing on the other aspects of languages like grammar in teaching English language.

Topic: Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin-10 Polarizes Monocytes toward a Deactivated M2c Phenotype To Repress Host Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Several human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes encode products that modulate cellular functions in a manner likely to enhance viral pathogenesis. This includes UL111A , which encodes homologs of human interleukin-10 (hIL-10). Depending upon signals received, monocytes and macrophages become polarized to either classically activated (M1 proinflammatory) or alternatively activated (M2 anti-inflammatory) subsets. Skewing of polarization toward an M2 subset may benefit the virus by limiting the proinflammatory responses to infection, and so we determined whether HCMV-encoded viral IL-10 influenced monocyte polarization. Recombinant viral IL-10 protein polarized CD14 + monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory M2 subset with an M2c phenotype, as demonstrated by high expression of CD163 and CD14 and suppression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Significantly, in the context of productive HCMV infection, viral IL-10 produced by infected cells polarized uninfected monocytes toward an M2c phenotype. We also assessed the impact of viral IL-10 on heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is an enzyme linked with suppression of inflammatory responses. Polarization of monocytes by viral IL-10 resulted in upregulation of HO-1, and inhibition of HO-1 function resulted in a loss of capacity of viral IL-10 to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β, implicating HO-1 in viral IL-10-induced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines by M2c monocytes. In addition, a functional consequence of monocytes polarized with viral IL-10 was a decreased capacity to activate CD4 + T cells. This study identifies a novel role for viral IL-10 in driving M2c polarization, which may limit virus clearance by restricting proinflammatory and CD4 + T cell responses at sites of infection.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Augmentation of Radical Ideas and the Role of Islamic Educational System in Malaysia

This article analyses how the Islamic educational system in Malaysia, particularly the role played by madrasahs and pondoks,shapes its graduates' perception and mindset. The questions that will be raised are therefore: to what extent does Islamic education in Malaysia contribute to the rise of radical Muslims? What aspects of the teachings, pedagogy and/or curriculum provided in the Islamic educational system is capable of generating feelings of hatred against non-Muslims in Malaysia's multi-religious society. Are there other independent variables that may contribute to, and explain why, the Islamic educational school system has been identified as breeding ground for Muslim terror- ism? The scope of this paper then focuses on the traditional Islamic educational system especially the partially state funded and privately run madrasahs and pondoks.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.490

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) discovery and characterization from <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> genome

The date palm is a palm plant belonging to the Arecaceae family. Date palms have several benefits, such as leaves used in various religious ceremonies, tree trunks as firewood, and fruit with various health benefits. In addition, date palm flowers undergo cross-pollination, are dioecious, and consist of 18 chromosomes, resulting in a heterozygous genetic constitution that can lead to high genetic diversity. The development of Next Generation Sequencing technology can detect genetic diversity using whole genome sequencing approaches. Therefore, this study aims to discover and develop SSR markers using an in-silico approach from Phoenix dactylifera genome data. Genome data from male Phoenix dactylifera leaf tissue was obtained from NCBI with GenBank assembly accession: GCA_009389715.1. Quality analysis of de novo assembly using Busco Analysis result in single-copy completeness of 76.7%, duplicated completeness of 19.0%, fragmented completeness of 2.8%, and missing completeness of 1.5%. A total of 36,764 genes and 29,239 protein-coding genes were found. SSRs were identified and extracted using the Microsatellite (MISA) program, resulting in the distribution of dinucleotide SSR motifs (68.37%), trinucleotide (24.22%), tetranucleotide (6.36%), pentanucleotide (0.59%), and heptanucleotide (0.47%). Based on these perfect SSRs, 15 primer pairs were designed. The SSR markers developed will be expected to help further research on the genetic diversity of P. dactylifera .

Topic: Date Palm Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Concealed hydrothermal alteration zones provide mechanical weaknesses within lava domes

Catastrophic lava dome collapse is considered an unpredictable volcanic hazard because the physical properties, stress conditions, and internal structure of lava domes are not well understood. To better explain the locations of recent dome instability events at Merapi volcano, Indonesia (1), we combined geochemical and mineralogical analyses, rock physical property measurements, drone-based photogrammetry, and numerical modelling. We show that a linear fissure and a horseshoe-shaped alteration zone that formed in 2014 was buried by lava extrusion in 2018. The linear fissure controlled the location of the new lava dome, while the horseshoe shaped zone influenced subsequent instability. Geomechanical, mineralogical, and geochemical data suggest that such alteration zones are characterised by mechanically weak, hydrothermally altered materials, and we show that the new lava dome is collapsing along this now-hidden horseshoe shaped and comparatively weak alteration zone (2). To derive an improved general understanding of this phenomenon, we then combined recent laboratory data for the mechanical behaviour of dome rocks with discrete element method models to show that the presence of weak zones within lava domes increases instability, which is exacerbated when the size of the zone increases or when the zone is positioned off-centre (3). Our results highlight that improved understanding of dome architecture and compositional variations due to hydrothermal alteration within domes is essential for assessing hazards associated with dome and edifice failure at volcanoes worldwide.

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supporting Periodic Authorizations and Temporal Reasoning in Database Access Control

Several formal models for database access control have been proposed. However, little attention has been paid to temporal issues like authorizations with limited validity or obtained by deductive reasoning with temporal constraints. We present an access control model in which authorizations contain periodic temporal intervals of validity. An authorization is automatically granted in the time intervals specified by a periodic expression and revoked when such intervals expire. Deductive temporal rules with periodicity and order constraints are provided to derive new authorizations based on the presence or absence of other authorizations in specific periods of time. We prove the uniqueness of the set of implicit authorizations derivable at a given instant from the explicit ones, and we propose an algorithm to compute the global set of valid authorizations. The resulting model provides a high degree of flexibility and allows to express several protection requirements that cannot be express...

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Politics and Jurisprudence in the British Courts

One thing seems clear in British politics today: many of the old truths no longer hold. Voters no longer vote according to class. The current government has made some effort to shake up the civil service and bring in outsiders. And a third political party is struggling along. Faced with all this, scholars have had to rethink their approach to British politics and governance. Appellate courts have long been considered Britain’s least interesting governing institution, but they have also benefited from the shake-up. Studies published in recent years mean to examine the politics of the British courts, primarily the Law Lords, the members of the House of Lords who comprise the final court of appeal in Britain. And, congruent with other changes in politics, studies find that courts have become interesting enough that they ought at least be considered in discussing British politics.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impression during Coronavirus Pandemic on Behaviour of Infectious-microbial-disease and Home-physical-tools in Saudi-public

This work was for "Impression during Coronavirus Pandemic (CVP) on Behaviour of Infectious-microbial-disease (IMD) and Home-physical-tools (HPTs) in Saudi-public (SP)". The aim was for a clarify impression during CVP on changing behaviour of IMD and HPTs in SP. That was by making a questionnaire to obtain information from people in SP. It found participating 28.5% for &lt; 20 yr and was 71.5% for &gt; 20 yr, 31.5% were men and 68.5% were women. While 92.5% lived in families, were HPTs differed in 83.5%, 75.5% agreed presence source Coronavirus infection (CVI) in the HPTs. As well as 11.5% individuals had CVI, where 84.5% refused to use HPTs if were suspected of carrying the CVI patient. Once 94.5% was not dealing with individuals infected with CV. Anywhere, 69.5% agreed for good treatment with the CVI patient after recovery and so 73.5% acquired skills to change the behaviour of HPTs. From the whole caution handle was 29.5%, hand washing considered 20%, permanent sterilization was 18.5%. The use of gloves and facemasks was 16.5%, not use other people's tools, it took 15.5%. That concluded from this paper the approved changes behaviour of IMD and HPTs in SP, that which had important for the decrease of CVP presence in SP and worldwide. That recommended the CVP is very risk in SP and worldwide and must take care of every behaviour in house to decrease CVI. We intend to do future research in changes behaviour in house to protect family members from CVI and save SP.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanisms of Energy Transduction by Charge Translocating Membrane Proteins

Life relies on the constant exchange of different forms of energy, i.e., on energy transduction. Therefore, organisms have evolved in a way to be able to harvest the energy made available by external sources (such as light or chemical compounds) and convert these into biological useable energy forms, such as the transmembrane difference of electrochemical potential (Δμ̃). Membrane proteins contribute to the establishment of Δμ̃ by coupling exergonic catalytic reactions to the translocation of charges (electrons/ions) across the membrane. Irrespectively of the energy source and consequent type of reaction, all charge-translocating proteins follow two molecular coupling mechanisms: direct- or indirect-coupling, depending on whether the translocated charge is involved in the driving reaction. In this review, we explore these two coupling mechanisms by thoroughly examining the different types of charge-translocating membrane proteins. For each protein, we analyze the respective reaction thermodynamics, electron transfer/catalytic processes, charge-translocating pathways, and ion/substrate stoichiometries.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The grammatically annotated corpus of the pericopes of the Old Lithuanian Postil of Jonas Bretkūnas

This grammatically annoted corpus aims at facilitating linguistic research on Old Lithuanian based on the Postil of Jonas Bretkūnas from the year 1591. The corpus is divided into two subcorpora, "pericopes" and "homilies" to make register related research easier. The pericopes were annotated using SIL Toolbox and converted to be used in the search-tool ANNIS using the conversion tool PEPPER. Three formats are provided in this release: 1. the Toolbox files, 2. the transitional Excel files and 3. a zipped folder to be imported into ANNIS. Created in the project B02, <em>Emergence and change of registers: The case of Lithuanian and Latvian</em> of the CRC 1412 "Register" (funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: DFG, German Research Foundation: 416591334).

Topic: Lexicography and Language Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Flow State, Physiological Hyper-arousal and Social Anxiety among Non-Clinical Adolescent Ahyani

Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menyelidiki kecemasan sosial di kalangan remaja klinis dan non-klinis. Penelitian retrospektif ini menyelidiki prediktor kecemasan sosial (keadaan aliran, dan hiper-arousal fisiologis) di antara 407 siswa non-klinis di tingkat universitas. Di sini, visualisasi pengalaman-diri yang sukses digunakan untuk menginduksi perilaku untuk menganalisis korelasi antara laporan keadaan aliran dan laporan diri hiper-gairah fisiologis. Penelitian ini adalah desain deskriptif cross sectional. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik SPSS 23 menggunakan analisis regresi. Seperti yang diperkirakan, hiper-gairah fisiologis dipandang sebagai mediasi terbaik yang mencerminkan keadaan aliran dan gangguan kecemasan sosial. Akhirnya, meskipun berbeda dalam arti statistik, hiper-arousal fisiologis memediasi korelasi antara keadaan aliran dan gangguan kecemasan sosial. Keadaan aliran negatif berhubungan dengan hiper-gairah fisiologis. Sementara itu, keadaan aliran berhubungan negatif dengan gangguan kecemasan sosial, dan hiper-gairah fisiologis berhubungan positif dengan gangguan kecemasan sosial. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dukungan untuk prediksi kecemasan sosial. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk pemahaman deteksi dini. Keadaan aliran yang adekuat penting untuk mengurangi hiper-gairah fisiologis yang terkait dengan kecemasan sosial remaja non-klinis.

Topic: Student Stress and Coping
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Mindlessness of Social Comparisons and its Effect on Creativity

Social Comparisons are ubiquitous phenomenon, for some researchers the key to evolutionary survival, for others key to understanding depression. Anybody engaged in artistic endeavors understands the relevance comparisons play throughout the creative process. In this article we examine the downside of social comparisons, the mindlessness of social comparison, specifically for the creative process. When we make social comparisons we tend to (a) be oblivious to the fact that we are making choices, (b) accept at face value that the comparison is meaningful and not transitory, (c) be unaware of its context-dependent nature, and (d) mindlessly accept the criteria on which the evaluation was based. When we open these up to scrutiny, comparisons make less sense. Alternative criteria, alternative aspects of the behavior, and alternative meanings for the performance could lead to very different conclusions. Research conducted in the context of art creation showed reduced negative consequences of social comparing for performance perceptions after a mindfulness treatment. Trait mindfulness as measured by the LMS supported the conclusions. Mindful groups, whether trait or state, evaluated their performance similar to the no social comparison group and both were less affected in their performance evaluations than the mindless group that made social comparisons. These findings can support all those engaged in creative processes to buffer against the negative consequences of social comparisons.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences