jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of China's "Registered Unemployment Rate in Town"

As China's socialist market economy further develops,unemployment has become an outstanding problem.However,the statistic index of unemployment——Registered Unemployment Rate in Town——fails to reflect accurately the real unemployment situation.In order to control unemployment and promote employment,the unemployment statistic system needs to be perfected,and the statistic index of investigation unemployment rate should be gradually introduced.

Topic: Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Thailand's Uighur refugees : security implications for Southeast Asia

Thailand recently deported more than 100 Uighur illegal refugees back to China, triggering criticisms from Turkey and US, as well as the UN and human rights groups. The legalistic perpective of the media skirts the existential threat posed by illegal traffic of Uighur regugees to the security of Thailand and Southeast Asia.

Topic: China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: measures of efficacy

In clinical trials, the treatment effect of an intervention is usually measured as the impact on a prespecified end point. All-cause mortality is an ultimate end point and often regarded as the “gold standard” for cardiovascular trials. However, since major therapeutic breakthroughs like acute revascularisation with percutaneous coronary intervention, use of antithrombotic agents, β blockers, ACE inhibitors and statins have improved prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), large-scale studies are necessary to demonstrate improved survival by a new treatment. Another option is to use an intermediate end point like quality of life or functional capacity, which may be more closely linked to disease progression. From a patient perspective, improvement of such intermediate end points may be more important than the sole prolongation of life.1

An alternative to an ultimate or intermediate end point is to use a surrogate end point. The FDA defines a surrogate end point as a laboratory measurement or physical sign which is used in therapeutic trials as a substitute for a clinically meaningful end point that is a direct measure of how a patient feels, functions or survives and is expected to predict the effect of the treatment. Changes of the …

Topic: Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical Significance of Determination of Post- operative Changes of Serum CEA, SCC and VEGF Levels in Patients with Esophageal Cancer

目的:探讨了食管癌患者手术治疗前后血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化及临床意义. 方法:应用放免法和酶联法对36例食管癌患者进行了血清CEA、SCC和VEGF检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较. 结果:手术前食管癌患者血清CEA、SCC和VEGF水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P 0.05). 结论:检测食管癌患者血清CEA、SCC和VEGF水平的变化对观察病情和预后判定具有重要的临床价值.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
2D26 Morphological properties of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a low-elastic substratum

Stem cell-based self-assembled tissue (scSAT) biosynthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has a great potential for the repair and regeneration of cartilage. For the improvement of the mechanical properties of the scSAT it is a candidate solution to promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. In the present study, cell/tissue culture substratum having various elastic moduli were developed using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different mixing ratios of main agent and curing agent. Rabbit synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the substrates. Results revealed that cell adhesion area became narrower and aspect ratio became higher as the substratum became softer. It is suggested that the differentiation of MSCs is dependent on the elasticity of culture substratum.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
NEW! NOW AVAILABLE IN LAB QUANTITIES

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTNEW! NOW AVAILABLE IN LAB QUANTITIESCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 42, 14Publication Date (Print):October 16, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 16 October 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n042.p014Copyright © 1961 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (197 KB) Get e-Alerts

Topic: History and advancements in chemistry
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CLT for the total energy of the two-dimensional critical Ising model

Consider the Ising model on $([1,2N]\times[1,2M])\cap\mathbb{Z}^2$ at critical temperature with periodic boundary condition in the horizontal direction and free boundary condition in the vertical direction. Let $E_{M,N}$ be its total energy (or Hamiltonian). Suppose $M$ is a function of $N$ satisfying $M\geq N/(\ln N)^α$ for some $α\in[0,1)$. In particular, one may take $M=N$. We prove that \begin{equation*} \frac{E_{M,N}+4\sqrt{2}M N-(4/π)N\ln N}{\sqrt{(32/π)MN\ln N}} \end{equation*} converges weakly to a standard Gaussian distribution as $N\rightarrow\infty$.

Topic: Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trade Policy Flexibility and Enforcement in the WTO

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an incomplete contract among sovereign countries. Trade policy flexibility mechanisms are designed to deal with contractual gaps, which are the inevitable consequence of this contractual incompleteness. Trade policy flexibility mechanisms are backed up by enforcement instruments which allow for punishment of illegal extra-contractual conduct. This book offers a legal and economic analysis of contractual escape and punishment in the WTO. It assesses the interrelation between contractual incompleteness, trade policy flexibility mechanisms, contract enforcement, and WTO Members' willingness to co-operate and to commit to trade liberalization. It contributes to the body of WTO scholarship by providing a systematic assessment of the weaknesses of the current regime of escape and punishment in the WTO, and the systemic implications that these weaknesses have for the international trading system, before offering a reform agenda that is concrete, politically realistic, and systemically viable.

Topic: World Trade Organization Law
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysate from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.), and Its Functional Properties

Mung bean is a rich protein source, but its native form has limited solubility and functionality for food applications. As a promising agro-based crop, mung bean offers a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources, especially in regions with limited access to resources. This study optimized mung bean protein hydrolysate (MBPH) production using response surface methodology (RSM), investigating the effects of alcalase concentration (2–7%) and hydrolysis time (2–7 h) on its physicochemical and functional properties. The results showed that an alcalase concentration of 5.88% and a hydrolysis duration of 3.56 h were the optimal conditions, resulting in a degree of hydrolysis of approximately 33.09%. Under these conditions, MBPH contained 79.33 ± 0.62% protein and a molecular weight distribution of 45.57% and 47.29% at 1.1–10 kDa and &lt;10 kDa, respectively. Additionally, MBPH exhibited strong antioxidant activity, improved foam capacity, and enhanced solubility, making it a valuable ingredient for sustainable food production and promoting equitable access to nutritious functional ingredients.

Topic: Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An efficient real representation method for least squares problem of the quaternion constrained matrix equation <i>AXB</i> + <i>CY D</i> = <i>E</i>

Let ηHQk×k and ηAQk×k represent the sets of all k×k η-Hermitian quaternion matrices and η-anti-Hermitian quaternion matrices, respectively. On the basis of the real representation matrix of a quaternion matrix and its particular structure, we convert the least squares problem of the quaternion matrix equation AXB + CY D = E over X∈ηHQn×n,Y∈ηAQk×k into the corresponding problem of the real matrix equation over free variables, and then we establish its unique minimal norm least squares solution. Our resulting expressions are expressed only by real matrices, and the algorithm only includes real operations. Consequently, they are very simple and convenient. Compared with the existing method [S.F. Yuan, Q.W. Wang, and X. Zhang, Least-squares problem for the quaternion matrix equation AXB + CYD = E over different constrained matrices, Int. J. Comput. Math. 90 (2013), pp. 565–576], the final two examples show that our method is more efficient and superior.

Topic: Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interaction between long term viscoelastic and mechanosorptive response of wood

Since the first-published work in the 50's the time dependent behaviour raised an increasing interest in wood material research. Creep research has a decisive influence in timber structures where prediction of total deflection is necessary for durable structural design. The nature of polymeric constituents induces viscoelastic behavior to wood. In constant environment the representation of creep against logarithm of time could be composed of two straight-line parts joined by a curved transition [1]. Such a linear description of kinetic suggests an infinite strain level in long-term prediction. However as a semi-crystalline polymer wood is expected to tend toward a limit of creep level. A simplified rheological approach using parabolic models has been proposed by Huet [2] to model timedependent behavior of wood in longitudinal direction. Sorption processes are suspected to accelerate time by increasing compliance [3]. This phenomenon called mechanosorptive effect interacts with ongoing time-dependent evolution and induces a slope decrease after a cycle in the logarithm description [4]. Matched spruce specimens (L=100 x R=10 x T=2mm) have been submitted to four-point bending creep test (inner span = 40 mm and outer span = 80 mm) in controlled climatic environment. The strain has been measured on lower and upper surface of each specimen using electric gages. Four specimens were loaded at high humidity level (w ! 27%) below the limit of linearity of viscoelastic and mechanosorptive response [5]. Two specimens were kept unloaded for free swelling and shrinkage determination. Three specimens were weighted occasionally for moisture content determination w. Parabolic models have been used to estimate creep limit of the viscoelastic description. Submitted to sorption cycles (from w ! 27% to w ! 7%) the increase of compliance and the decrease of slope evolution have been observed. Comparison between viscoelastic evolution and mechanosorptive increment during a sorption cycle seems to support the hypothesis that mechanosorptive can induce an apparent time-lag but also a non recoverable strain.

Topic: Wood Treatment and Properties
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research into the New Model of College English Teaching - A Multimodality Approach

Currently, the application of the network resources and various means of teaching such as multimedia into the classroom has led to the demonstration of multimodality in college English teaching.This paper analyzes the current status of college English teaching and the existing problems, elaborates the research trends of the theory of multimodal discourse analysis, and aims to explore the question as how to construct college English teaching model from the perspective of multimodal discourse.Under the multimodalitybased college English teaching model, teachers should concentrate on cultivating students' multi-literacy, coordinating different modalities, to achieve the teaching objectives.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Heritability and genetic advance for yield, flowering and plant height following a sorghum cross

The F2 and F3 generations of CK60A X PJ8K were studied. Heritability estimates and estimates of genetic advance were high for plant height. Moderate estimates of genetic advance and heritability were obtained for grain yield. High estimates of heritability and low estimates of expected genetic advance were obtained for number of days to flowering.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Random Forest Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics Data Suggests Increased Use of Omega Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway in Drosophila Melanogaster Larvae Fed a Medium Chain Fatty Acid Rich High-Fat Diet

Obesity is a complex disease, shaped by both genetic and environmental factors such as diet. In this study, we use untargeted metabolomics and Drosophila melanogaster to model how diet and genotype shape the metabolome of obese phenotypes. We used 16 distinct outbred genotypes of Drosophila larvae raised on normal (ND) and high-fat (HFD) diets, to produce three distinct phenotypic classes; genotypes that stored more triglycerides on a ND relative to the HFD, genotypes that stored more triglycerides on a HFD relative to ND, and genotypes that showed no change in triglyceride storage on either of the two diets. Using untargeted metabolomics we characterized 350 metabolites: 270 with definitive chemical IDs and 80 that were chemically unidentified. Using random forests, we determined metabolites that were important in discriminating between the HFD and ND larvae as well as between the triglyceride phenotypic classes. We found that flies fed on a HFD showed evidence of an increased use of omega fatty acid oxidation pathway, an alternative to the more commonly used beta fatty acid oxidation pathway. Additionally, we observed no correlation between the triglyceride storage phenotype and free fatty acid levels (laurate, caprate, caprylate, caproate), indicating that the distinct metabolic profile of fatty acids in high-fat diet fed Drosophila larvae does not propagate into triglyceride storage differences. However, dipeptides did show moderate differences between the phenotypic classes. We fit Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) of the metabolic profiles for HFD and ND flies to characterize changes in metabolic network structure between the two diets, finding the HFD to have a greater number of edges indicating that metabolome varies more across samples on a HFD. Taken together, these results show that, in the context of obesity, metabolomic profiles under distinct dietary conditions may not be reliable predictors of phenotypic outcomes in a genetically diverse population.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tungsten boride shields in a spherical tokamak fusion power plant

Abstract The favourable properties of tungsten borides for shielding the central high temperature superconductor (HTS) core of a spherical tokamak fusion power plant are modelled using the MCNP code. The objectives are to minimize the power deposition into the cooled HTS core, and to keep HTS radiation damage to acceptable levels by limiting the neutron and gamma fluxes. The shield materials compared are W 2 B, WB, W 2 B 5 and WB 4 along with a reactively sintered boride B 0.329 C 0.074 Cr 0.024 Fe 0.274 W 0.299 , monolithic W and WC. Five shield thicknesses between 253 and 670 mm were considered, corresponding to plasma major radii between 1400 and 2200 mm. W 2 B 5 gave the most favourable results with a factor of ∼10 or greater reduction in neutron flux and gamma energy deposition as compared to monolithic W. These results are compared with layered water-cooled shields, giving the result that the monolithic shields, with moderating boron, gave comparable neutron flux and power deposition, and (in the case of W 2 B 5 ) even better performance. Good performance without water-coolant has advantages from a reactor safety perspective due to the risks associated with radio-activation of oxygen. 10 B isotope concentrations between 0% and 100% are considered for the boride shields. The naturally occurring 20% fraction gave much lower energy depositions than the 0% fraction, but the improvement largely saturated beyond 40%. Thermophysical properties of the candidate materials are discussed, in particular the thermal strain. To our knowledge, the performance of W 2 B 5 is unrivalled by other monolithic shielding materials. This is partly as its trigonal crystal structure gives it higher atomic density compared with other borides. It is also suggested that its high performance depends on it having just high enough 10 B content to maintain a constant neutron energy spectrum across the shield.

Topic: Fusion materials and technologies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A critical review of experiential work-based learning in the postgraduate curriculum in the subject areas of:business, management, accountancy and finance (BMAF)hospitality, leisure, sport and tourism (HLST)

This report focuses on a small qualitative exploration of practice related to the integration of experiential work-based learning into the postgraduate curriculum of BMAF and HLST. The review is briefly contextualised in the Background and Introduction, then various aspects of academic practice related to these areas are considered. Finally, there are recommendations and a list of references/resources is provided.

Topic: Higher Education and Employability
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Activity Recognition and Anomaly Detection in E-Health Applications Using Color-Coded Representation and Lightweight CNN Architectures

Health is becoming a vital industry and human activity recognition (HAR) is one of the most popular research areas of its scope. Although there are various studies on HAR, most of them come up with complex models that are not compatible with portable and wearable devices due to their limited computing capabilities. In this study, a new approach to data representation is presented with convolutional neural network architectures for high accuracy and lightweight activity detection. An anomaly detection framework is presented, which uses ECG data for the prediction of cardiac stress activities. The novel approach to data representation and the proposed deep learning model are tested on the MHEALTH dataset with two different validation techniques for accuracy and three different complexity metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches can achieve up to 96.92% and 97.06% accuracy for the HAR and cardiac stress level, respectively. In addition, the models proposed for inertial data and ECG-based prediction are lighter than the existing approaches in the literature with sizes of 0.89 MB and 1.97 MB and complexities of 0.06 and 1.04 Giga FLOPS, respectively.

Topic: Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Kinetic Theory of First Order Cyclical Processes—Phytochrome Controlled Red Light Induced Cereal Leaf Unfolding Compared with Theory

Abstract The phytochrome controlled unfolding of cereal leaves was studied as a function of irradiation time and light intensity (narrowband red light) over a wide energy range (5 decades). With different intensities, a family of similarly shaped response curves appear with distinct time‐dependent maxima and minima. A theoretical kinetic model based upon a cyclical phytochrome photoconversion scheme has been calculated by us. The theoretical calculations and the experimental findings are in excellent agreement. The same model explains the early photoresponses (first maxima) as an effect of one active phytochrome form, P 2 , and the delayed photoresponses as an effect of a second active form P n . The active transitory form, P 2 (although it may not be the primary product), is formed upon light absorption from P 1 . The P 2 decays by a first order dark reaction through several inactive intermediates to P n (active). The effect of the intermediates is mainly to delay the production of the second active product. It is possible to identify the two active products, P 2 and P n , as P fr and P * fr , respectively. The presented cyclical phytochrome reaction scheme is a special case of a general first order kinetic cycle which includes all possible feed back loops. The latter scheme also has been calculated and programmed since it has a more general application.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LITERATURE REVIEW FOR INITIAL STAGE DISEASE IDENTIFICATION OF TOMATO LEAF BY DIFFERENT DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS

The tomato is vegetable crop that grows profusely in Indian agricultural areas.While the tropical climate of India is ideal in tomato plant growth, a variety of other factors, such as particular climatic conditions, also play a role in normal tomato plant growth.The weather patterns and natural disasters, plant diseases are a main source of financial loss and a serious danger to agricultural output.The effects of the conventional disease detection techniques for tomato crops were uns1a1tisfactory, and the time it took to find infections was long.Earlier sickness identification will provide better results than the methods used now.Computer vision-based deep learning technics might be used to diagnose illnesses early on.The techniques for disease identification and classification recommended in leaf disease identification.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences