jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum of Monoclonal Protein and the Factors Associated with Lymphoplasmacytic Malignancies

Background: Monoclonal protein (MP) presents in various monoclonal gammopathies, ranging from benign conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to life-threatening conditions such as lymphoplasmacytic malignancies (LPMs), which include multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Few studies have comprehensively assessed the clinical spectrum of MP and its factors associated with LPMs. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum of MP and identify factors associated with LPMs. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were first tested for capillary electrophoresis (CEP) and identified as having MP between 2014 and 2023 at two university hospitals. Univariate (crude) and multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with LPMs. Results: Among the 1135 included patients with MP, 744 (65.6%) were diagnosed with LPMs and 391 (34.4%) with MGUS. Among the 391 patients with MGUS, 310 (79.3%) had at least 1 clinical association, including 204 with renal diseases, 35 with autoimmune diseases, 33 with chronic liver diseases, 22 with hematologic diseases, and 96 with other conditions. Multivariate analyses indicated that LPMs were associated with female sex (OR = 2.08), lower age (OR = 0.95), higher MP level (OR = 3.53), an abnormal FLC ratio (OR = 6.15), lower hemoglobin level (OR = 0.82), and higher total calcium level (OR = 1.81) (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides insight into the distribution of MPs and their clinical association with MGUS and identifies factors related to LPM. These can help clinicians manage patients more effectively in the early stages of these conditions.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Discrimination between Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis and Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae in the field

Syntopic Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fischer, 1829) and P. maniculatus nubiterrae (Rhoads, 1896) exhibit considerable overlap in external morphologies in the Appalachian mountains of the Eastern United States, making field identification of live individuals questionable in some instances. We compared two techniques for correctly identifying these live individuals in the field: the tail : body ratio and weight criterion, and discriminant function analysis of external morphological characters

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliance on Science in Patenting

This dataset contains both front-page and in-text citations from patents to scientific articles. <em>If you use the data, please cite </em>these two articles: <strong>1. M. Marx, &amp; A. Fuegi, "Reliance on Science: Worldwide Front-Page Patent Citations to Scientific Articles" (2020), <em>Strategic Management Journal 41(9):1572-1594</em>. (</strong>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/smj.3145<strong>) </strong> <strong>2. M. Marx &amp; A. Fuegi, "Reliance on Science by Inventors: Hybrid Extraction of In-text Patent-to-Article Citations." NBER Working Paper 27987</strong>.(https://www.nber.org/papers/w27987) The datafile containing the citations is <strong>_pcs_mag_doi_pmid.tsv. </strong>DOIs and PMIDs provided where available. Each citation has the applicant/examiner flag, confidence score (1-10), and whether the reference was a) only on the front page, b) only in the body text, or c) in both. <strong>_data_description.pdf</strong> has full details. <strong>bodytextknowngood.tsv</strong> contains the known-good references for calculating recall. <strong>bodytextpatrefstopatents.tsv</strong> contains references to patents in the body text of patents. The remaining files redistribute the Microsoft Academic Graph. Please also cite Sinha, A, et al. 2015. Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’15 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 243-246. These data are under an Open Data Commons Attribution license (ODC-By); use them for anything as long as you cite us! Source code for front-page matches: https://github.com/mattmarx/reliance_on_science. Questions &amp; feedback to support@relianceonscience.org<em>.</em>

Topic: Intellectual Property and Patents
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Self-Determination of Force:

In a broadly Kantian context, it is often assumed that practical self-consciousness and rational self-determination can only be understood in opposition to pleasure and desire. I argue instead that, for Kant, rational self-determination is itself a determination of our faculty of desire. Drawing on resources from Kant and Hegel, the paper shows that sensible desire can be understood as a self-determination of our vital forces which is connected to a sensible awareness of our practical existence. In order to constitute what Kant calls a higher faculty of desire, we need to develop a practical self-consciousness of this sensible desire. As Hegel develops this idea, such self-consciousness involves grasp of the very form of desire that is occluded in its sensible form, as well as a reflexive redoubling of desire whereby desire becomes its own object. In einem kantischen Kontext wird häufig unterstellt, dass praktisches Selbstbewusstsein und vernünftige Selbstbestimmung allein durch ihren Gegensatz zu Lust und Begierde zu bestimmen sind. Dieser Beitrag zeigt hingegen, dass schon bei Kant vernünftige Selbstbestimmung selbst als eine Bestimmung unseres Begehrungsvermögens zu begreifen ist. Im Rückgriff auf Kant und Hegel lässt sich zeigen, dass sinnliche Begierde als eine Selbstbestimmung unserer lebendigen Kräfte zu verstehen ist, die mit einem sinnlichen Bewusstsein unserer praktischen Existenz einhergeht. Um das zu konstituieren, was man mit Kant ein höheres Begehrungsvermögen nennen kann, bedürfen wir eines praktischen Selbstbewusstseins der sinnlichen Begierde. Nach Hegels Auffassung beinhaltet dies ein Erfassen der eigentlichen Form der Begierde, die in ihrer sinnlichen Gestalt verstellt bleibt, und eine reflexive Verdopplung der Begierde: ein Begehren, das sich selbst zum Gegenstand hat.

Topic: Philosophy and Historical Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners

This paper is intended as a contribution to an evergrowing body of literature on the role played by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar in second-language acquisition theory. A recent paper by Broselow and Finer (1991) proposes that markedness as defined in terms of the multivalued Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD) parameter is definitive in their subjects' knowledge of certain consonant clusters in syllable onsets. This parameter provides for the characterization of the various types of consonant clusters allowed in the onsets of syllables in different languages. The object of Broselow and Finer's study was to determine whether L2 learners find clusters which are relatively more marked according to the MSD parameter to be more difficult to learn than cluster types which are relatively less marked. The present paper, however, argues that it is typological markedness (Hawkins, 1987) rather than sonority distance per se which better explains L2 learners' knowledge of English clusters in syllable onsets. In line with Clements' (1990) comprehensive investigation of sonority relations within the syllable, this paper argues that markedness alone suffices to account for the observed interlanguage patterns. Using Clements' principles, which themselves actually follow from the overall theory of markedness, the interlanguage obstruent results reported by Broselow and Finer fall out automatically.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Sleep and Arousal Hubs and Ferromagnetic Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Nanoparticle Motion Under Electromagnetic Fields: Neurodegeneration, Sleep Disorders, Orexinergic Neurons, and Air Pollution in Young Urbanites

Air pollution plays a key role in sleep disorders and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and/or transactive response DNA-binding protein TDP-43 neuropathology have been documented in children and young adult forensic autopsies in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MMC), along with sleep disorders, cognitive deficits, and MRI brain atrophy in seemingly healthy young populations. Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) reach urbanites’ brains through nasal/olfactory, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and placental barriers. We documented Fe UFPM/NPs in neurovascular units, as well as lateral hypothalamic nucleus orexinergic neurons, thalamus, medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation, and in pinealocytes. We quantified ferromagnetic materials in sleep and arousal brain hubs and examined their motion behavior to low magnetic fields in MMC brain autopsy samples from nine children and 25 adults with AD, PD, and TDP-43 neuropathology. Saturated isothermal remanent magnetization curves at 50–300 mT were associated with UFPM/NP accumulation in sleep/awake hubs and their motion associated with 30–50 µT (DC magnetic fields) exposure. Brain samples exposed to anthropogenic PM pollution were found to be sensitive to low magnetic fields, with motion behaviors that were potentially linked to the early development and progression of fatal neurodegenerative diseases and sleep disorders. Single-domain magnetic UFPM/NPs in the orexin system, as well as arousal, sleep, and autonomic regions, are key to neurodegeneration, behavioral and cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders. We need to identify children at higher risk and monitor environmental UFPM and NP emissions and exposures to magnetic fields. Ubiquitous ferrimagnetic particles and low magnetic field exposures are a threat to global brain health.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The perceived benefits of participative music making for non-music university students: a comparison with music students

This study aimed to assess the perceived impact of young people's active engagement in ensemble music making. Sixty-two non-music university students were asked to report on the impact that their participation in music making had on their lives. The data were analysed using Atlas.ti software. There was a reported positive impact on social, musical and personal skills. Students' comments on the social benefits they gained from music making were mostly associated with their enjoyment of interacting with like-minded people in a friendly and relaxing environment. The development of musical skills was particularly valued as a significant benefit of making music in groups. The most important finding was the perceived impact of music making in students' personal lives in both the short term and long term. Alongside those perceived benefits, some challenges to ensemble music making were expressed. These are presented and discussed in terms of their practical implications. The case of a single mother that presented particular interest regarding her experiences in a popular band is also reported in a separate sub-section. A comparison is finally drawn with music students' perceptions of participative music making.

Topic: Diverse Music Education Insights
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sustainable procurement implementation among public sector organisations in Ghana: The role of institutional isomorphism and sustainable leadership

Developing nations face institutional impediments in the implementation of sustainable procurement strategies. However, in the right institutional environment, these countries can overcome any hindrance and successfully implement sustainable procurement strategies to promote economic growth and environmental stewardship. Accordingly, this study examines the role of institutional isomorphism (mimetic, coercive, and normative isomorphism) and sustainable leadership in sustainable procurement among public sector organisations (PSOs) in Ghana. The hypothesised relationships were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings support the role of isomorphism and sustainable leadership in sustainable procurement implementation. Specifically, coercive and mimetic isomorphic forces influence sustainable leadership significantly and positively. Second, coercive and mimetic isomorphic factors, as well as sustainable leadership, influence sustainable procurement practices. Based on these findings, we recommend that development partners make significant contributions to the green transition by applying coercive actions, such as threats of withdrawal of financial support for government budgets and policies. In addition, the findings of the study suggest that coercive and mimetic forces can foster a culture of ethical responsibility, by influencing leaders to make decisions that contribute to environmentally and socially responsible procurement activities.

Topic: Public Procurement and Policy
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Image contrast enhancement using split Bregman method

In this paper we propose a variational method for image contrast enhancement, by keeping the image details and correcting the non-uniform illumination.It is a minimization problem, where the objective functional consists of two different fitting terms: a L 1 term that matches the gradients of the input and reconstructed images, for preserving the image details, and a L 2 term that measures the misfit between the reconstructed image and the mean value of the input image, for reducing the image variance and thus correcting the illumination.For solving this minimization problem we apply the split Bregman method, which is an efficient and fast iterative method suitable for this type of non-differentiable and convex minimization problem, involving a L 1 term.Some experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.

Topic: Image Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Studies on Naphthalenealkylamines for Medical Purpose. : III. Local Anesthetic Action of 2-Naphthalenealkylamines

Local anesthetic action of recently synthesized 2-naphthalenealkylamines was tested. Surface anesthetic action was tested by the corneal reflex of a guinea pig and N-alkyl-N-methyl-2-naphthaleneethyl (or propyl) amines (XIb∼f, XIIb∼f) all showed activites stronger than that of procaine, and N-methyl-N-pentyl-2-naphtha1eneethylamine (XIf) was especially strong, the potency being 16 times that of procaine. The activity decreased when the compounds of this series were derived to methiodide, and only the N-butyl and N-pentyl compounds showed a weak activity. This fact seems to indicate the possibility that the base of a compound takes part in appearance of the activity. Primary amines (IIa to Xa) generally had strong irritant psoperty N, N-Dimethyl derivatives (IIb to Xb) showed the activity only when the number of carbon atoms in the side chain was 2 (IVb) or 3 (Vb), and all higher homologs had strong toxicity necrosis. Conduction anesthetic activity was examined with frog sciatic nerve in compounds of XI and XII series and their potency was compared with that of procaine. Approximately similar structure-activity relationship as in the case of surface anesthetic activity was found.

Topic: Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Streaming Algorithms for Graph k-Matching with Optimal or Near-Optimal Update Time

We present streaming algorithms for the graph $k$-matching problem in both the insert-only and dynamic models. Our algorithms, with space complexity matching the best upper bounds, have optimal or near-optimal update time, significantly improving on previous results. More specifically, for the insert-only streaming model, we present a one-pass algorithm with optimal space complexity $O(k^2)$ and optimal update time $O(1)$, that with high probability computes a maximum weighted $k$-matching of a given weighted graph. The update time of our algorithm significantly improves the previous upper bound of $O(\log k)$, which was derived only for $k$-matching on unweighted graphs. For the dynamic streaming model, we present a one-pass algorithm that with high probability computes a maximum weighted $k$-matching in $O(Wk^2 \cdot \mbox{polylog}(n)$ space and with $O(\mbox{polylog}(n))$ update time, where $W$ is the number of distinct edge weights. Again the update time of our algorithm improves the previous upper bound of $O(k^2 \cdot \mbox{polylog}(n))$. This algorithm, when applied to unweighted graphs, gives a streaming algorithm on the dynamic model whose space and update time complexities are both near-optimal. Our results also imply a streaming approximation algorithm for maximum weighted $k$-matching whose space complexity matches the best known upper bound with a significantly improved update time.

Topic: Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychiatric Drug Development in Japan

A wide variety of drugs prescribed by psychiatrists in Western countries are not yet available in Japan. The manufacturers of these drugs are often reluctant to conduct the expensive clinical trials required by the Japanese government for their approval; they have already incurred such expenses in other countries, and the market for psychiatric drugs in Japan can be uncertain. Moreover, the Japanese clinical trial system has many methodological problems, which the government has only now started to address. An international agreement to make the results of drug trials reciprocal among participating countries would reduce costs for governments as well as drug manufacturers.

Topic: Schizophrenia research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cultural Competency Of SLP Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural competency levels of students in the Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) program at Appalachian State University, located in Boone, NC. Few studies have focused on the cultural competency of CSD students, but this research helps confirm the results of a similar study by Lemmon &amp; Jackson-Bowen (2013). Their research found that graduate students perform better on measures of cultural competency than students in the undergraduate program of study, and that multicultural education is beneficial. The goal of this study is to add to research about cultural competency within the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. This information may be helpful to CSD students, professors, and clinicians who work with diverse populations.

Topic: Cultural Competency in Health Care
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Truly a team effort.

Jane was a healthy 16 year old girl who attended a high school dance and subsequently had a grand mal seizure--her first! She was taken home, developed a decreasing level of consciousness and was admitted to the local hospital, where it progressed to status epilepticus. We will describe the classifications of seizures including status epilepticus, which demands the highest level of clinical expertise and attention to preventative medicine, for a desirable outcome. During the eleven months of care a massive multi disciplinary team approach was instituted which extended across borders. Jane's story demonstrates a truly Neuroscience team effort from acute care to a rehabilitation center to home.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A polysomnographic study on masticatory and tongue muscle activity during obstructive and central sleep apnea

Masticatory and tongue muscle activity was examined polysomnographically in 14 patients with sleep apnea syndrome and six snorers. The all‐night polysomnographic recordings included electromyograms (EMG) of the genioglossal, the masseter and the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscles, nasal airflow and thoracoabdominal respiratory effort. The apneas were defined and classified into three types (obstructive, central and mixed). EMG amplitudes of each muscle were measured before, during and after the obstructive and central apneas. In the apnea patients the three muscles showed significantly lower EMG amplitudes during the obstructive apnea than before the apnea, and then significantly higher amplitudes after the apnea. These findings indicate that the hypotonia of the muscles during sleep can result in obstructive apnea. There was no significant difference in the pattern of muscle activity during obstructive apnea between the apnea patients and the snorers. On the other hand, a decrease in the mean EMG amplitude during the central apnea was not observed. It is suggested that central apnea occurs independently of masticatory and tongue muscle activity.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Human Papilloma Virus Results in Women with and without Atopic Disease

Objective: Virus infected cells are destroyed by the natural immune system. However, HPV genotype and concomitant diseases are effective in HPV persistence. The aim of the study is to compare HPV screening results between patients with and without atopic disease. Methods: This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted between August 2019 February 2020 in a tertiary research hospital. Patients between the ages of 30-65 with allergic complaints were diagnosed “atopic disease” by same clinician. HPV test results were compared to healthy controls. Subgroup atopic disease diagnoses, duration of illness, treatments regimes and treatment time of the patients in the study group were also questioned and recorded. Results: A total of 239 women were recruited (121 study and 118 controls). Of recruited 121 atopia diagnosed women, 65 had rhinitis,9 had urticaria, 20 had asthma and remaning 27 had both rhinitis and asthma. 9 patients in control group and 7 patients in study group were HPV positive. No cervical carcinoma was reported. The mean duration of atopia was 50 months (12-360). 78 patients were treated medicaly while 43 were vaccinated during medical therapy Conclusion: HPV test results of groups were similar. No extra screening schedules are needed for patients with atopic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis or urticaria.

Topic: Genital Health and Disease
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences