jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HIV Epidemic - The Importance of Sexual Education and Aiding Programs

Despite all global efforts against the HIV/AIDS virus, it is alarming the high number of new infections episodes and unaware people regarding their serology, putting at risk one of the main goals of the WHO 90-90-90 program on the epidemic’s control and eradication. In spite of the elevated number of countries that present systems of supporting and drawing seropositive individuals, one of the most significant concerns nowadays is, still, the transmission of HIV. PrEP, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis is helping, considerably, in decreasing the cases of new infections. However, it also warns about the resurgence and growing of other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s).Which only makes us recognize sexual education as the central pillar, on raising population awareness about safe sexual practices, as well as predictors and risk factors, and acknowledge that the lack of a solid educational basis facilitates the practice of unsafe sex and increases the chances of exposing the person to HIV throughout life.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Printed in U.S.A. PERFORMANCE BENEFITS FOR WAVE ROTOR-TOPPED GAS TURBINE ENGINES

The Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced In papers or discussion at meetings of the Society or of its Divisions or Sections, or printed in its publications. Discussion Is printed only if the paper Is published in an ASME Journal. Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under circumstance not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASME to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service provided that the base tee of

Topic: Vascular anomalies and interventions
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solid phase synthesis of the retro viral nucleocapsid protein NCp10 of Moloney Murine Leukaemia virus and related “zinc‐fingers” in free SH forms

The core of retroviruses contains a highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic protein that binds nucleic acids and is essential for genomic RNA packaging. The 56 amino acid protein, NCp10, of Moloney Murine Leukaemia virus (MoMuLV) has the CysX 2 CysX 4 HisX 4 Cys zinc finger‐like motif shared by all retrovirus nucleocapsid proteins. The native protein and five modified peptides containing the zinc binding domain were synthesized by solid phase in order to investigate the structural and biochemical role of Zn 2+ chelation in MoMuLV NCp10 activity. The purity of the synthetic molecules was verified by HPLC and their sequences were confirmed by amino acid analysis and sequencing in the case of NCp10. Thiol dosage agreed with the theoretical value of free cysteine for all these molecules. Fluorescence measurements performed on synthetic NCp10 and zinc finger fragments showed that the tryptophan quantum yield was Zn 2+ ‐dependent allowing a 1:1 stoichiometry for the complex to be determined. The apparent affinity constant of NCp10 for the metal was estimated to be superior to 10 6 M ‐1 . The synthetic protein, in the presence of Zn 2+ ions, possesses all the biological properties of NCp10 isolated from virions. It catalyzes both the MoMuLV RNA dimerization and the annealing of the replication primer tRNA Pro onto MoMuLV RNA.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
US Influence on Arab Decision Making in Times of Social Unrest

For decades, the United States has sought to influence Arab militaries. Methods of wielding that influence include paying for Arab military officers to attend US military schools; orchestrating military exchanges, exercises, and cultural exposure trips with Arab militaries; and providing large sums of military and economic aid to these states. In light of the recent popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa, the time is now ripe for an examination of the impact these efforts had on the decision-making calculus of Arab militaries during and after the uprisings. Does a correlation exist between the degree of Western education attained by foreign officers or the measure of US foreign military sales (FMS) and these militaries' decision whether to support the regime or the street?

Topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inflammatory Cytokines Impair Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation in Human Veins In Vivo

Background Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many diseases associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We examined the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on endothelial function. Methods and Results Subjects lay with one hand placed on an angled support. The diameter of a vein was recorded by measuring the linear displacement of a probe placed on the skin overlying the vein when the pressure in a congesting cuff placed around the upper arm was deflated from 40 to 0 mm Hg. A length of the vein was isolated by two wedges. TNF-α (1 ng), IL-1β (1 ng), or IL-6 (100 pg) were instilled for 1 hour, either individually or together. At the end of the hour, the wedges were removed and the vein reconnected with the circulation. Dose-response curves (bradykinin: 2, 4, and 8 pmol/min; arachidonic acid: 0.2, 2, and 20 nmol/min; and glyceryl trinitrate 1, 2, and 4 pmol/min) were constructed before and 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours after instillation. In another study, hydrocortisone (100 mg) was given 2 hours before the study. In a different study, subjects were given oral aspirin (75 mg or 1 g) 2 hours before the study. TNF-α and IL-1β alone but not IL-6 attenuated the dilatation to bradykinin and arachidonic acid; the response was greatest at 1 hour with recovery occurring by 6 hours. Combination of IL-1β and TNF-α prolonged the endothelial dysfunction, resulting in recovery at 24 hours. Hydrocortisone and high-dose aspirin prevented endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions The results demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce transient and reversible endothelial dysfunction and indicate that cyclooxygenase activity may contribute to the genesis of the effect. If other vessels behave similarly, this may provide further insight into the mechanisms precipitating acute cardiovascular events after inflammatory disorders.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[The isolation and characteristics of a chemically modified allergen (allergoid) from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites].

Chemically modified allergens (allergoids) were obtained from house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The allergenicity of allergoids in comparison with commercial mite allergen was determined by the skin prick test and by the in vitro test of degranulation of passively sensitized rat mast cells. Changes in allergoid molecules were determined with the use of gel filtration in a column packed with Sephadex G-75, isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, the determination of the concentration of end amino groups and the enzymatic activity of preparations, as well as HPLC. The possibility of using these methods for controlling the process of modification was studied. The results confirmed the fact that the modification on the allergenic preparation really occurred and the allergenic activity of allergoids was low.

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Maximal averages along a planar vector field depending on one variable

We prove (essentially) sharp $L^2$ estimates for a restricted maximal operator associated to a planar vector field that depends only on the horizontal variable. The proof combines an understanding of such vector fields from earlier work of the author with a result of Nets Katz on directional maximal operators.

Topic: Advanced Harmonic Analysis Research
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inhibition of oscillation in a neuronal network model for tinnitus management by sound therapy

Tinnitus is a state in which one hears sounds in the ear or head without any external sound. There are many therapeutic approaches for tinnitus and sound therapy is one of the techniques for its treatment that have been proposed. In order to investigate mechanisms of tinnitus generation and the clinical effects of sound therapy from the viewpoint of neural engineering, we have proposed computational models with plasticity and inhibitory feedback using a neural oscillator or model neurons described by simplified Hodgkin-Huxley equations. In the present paper, the improvement of the neuronal network model is described in the reproduction of the clinical results that human auditory system temporarily halts perception of tinnitus following sound therapy.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Fusing Multiple Inexpensive GPS Heading Data via Fuzzified Ad-Hoc Weighing

Applying the same principle behind the Ad-hoc weighing used in fusing data from two inexpensive GPS and an electronic compass (EC) brought up the problem of numerous conditions when trying to fuse data from three GPS devices. Fusing data from two GPS and one EC required at least thirty-two (32) conditions while using three GPS would require 182 conditions that would have entailed a complex set of programming codes. Fuzzy logic was explored as a possible candidate to replace the hard-coding of if-then-statements but still perform the ad-hoc algorithm as desired. The GPS Fix and HDOP (horizontal dilution of precision) values are utilized to derive the corresponding weight to be assigned to the individual GPS as well as the overall fused GPS data. Experimental tests using actual GPS data showed the effectivity of the proposed method.

Topic: Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Congenital toxoplasmosis in Switzerland. Seroprevalence, risk factors and recommendations for prevention].

In 10,000 cord blood samples from the region of Basel (representing approximately equal to 42% of all live births of 1983 to 1985) anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were determined by agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests. 47.3% were seronegative. 2.8% (n = 283) exhibited high titers in IFA (greater than 300 IU/ml) suggestive of acute or persistent infection. Questionnaires on potential risk factors were sent to 280 mothers with high antibody titers ("cases"), and to 279 randomised seronegative mothers (controls); 388 questionnaires (75.3%) were returned. Compared to controls, infections in cases were significantly associated with farm work, flower production, or food industry, consumption of lamb meat or improperly heated beefsteak, cat ownership. Risks of infection were significantly reduced when meat was kept in the deep freezer, or by consumption of chicken (probably as a surrogate for lamb and beef meat). Cases had significantly lower average serum concentrations of beta-carotene and tocopherol than controls, while average retinol and cholesterol levels were comparable in both groups. The 283 cord blood samples from the cases were subjected to 4 serological tests for specific IgM and 41 samples were reactive in greater than or equal to 1 test. 35 of the 41 children were reinvestigated greater than or equal to 6 months after delivery. In 8 children specific IgM persisted. Review of delivery charts confirmed that all 8 were asymptomatic at the time of delivery. Also on follow-up clinical examinations were normal. The incidence of congenital, latent toxoplasmosis in the area is thus estimated to nearly 1/1000 live births. These data will be used to promote preventive measures in pregnant women.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study of various causes of anterior uveitis

Study of various causes of anterior uveitis - IJCEO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-1443 Online ISSN No:- 2395-1451 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijceo.2019.108, Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology-Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

Topic: Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Media Education in Slovene Preschools: A Review of Four Studies

In Slovenia, the concept of media literacy has been integrated into the formal education system, including early childhood education. The Preschool Curriculum sets certain goals to be followed in educating preschoolchildren on media-related topics. Research done in other Member States of the EU points to the conclusion that the actual implementation and delivery of media education is both fragmented and inconsistent as well asdependent on the interests and motivation of individual preschool teachers. They are the ones who, in accordance with their professional capacity and autonomy, include the goals set in the curriculum into an actuallearning process in preschools, also determining the timing and manner of this. The aim of this article is to review, compare, and analyse the data from recent research on the media education of preschool children in Slovenia in order to better understand how preschool teachers in Slovenia assess their capacity to work with media as well as their media literacy levels, which media they use, and how the media education is conductedin the groups of preschool children.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The author would like to acknowledge all those involved in the development of

This paper identifies problems encountered with attempts to use commercial games in educational contexts and highlights the need for a theory and illustrated examples of effective game based pedagogies that demonstrate how games might effectively be used for educational ends. A model is presented as one example of what a games based pedagogy might look like. The model grows out of a series of design experiments established in an attempt to use Revolution (a multiplayer role playing game) as a resource to support learning about aspects of social history. The paper proposes that similar pedagogical models, grounded in action research initiatives, are required to push forward the educational games agenda and guide researchers and practitioners interested in exploiting the power of role playing games in real classrooms.

Topic: Educational Games and Gamification
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Incorporating Peptide Aptamers into Resistive Pulse Sensing

&lt;p&gt;The use of nanocarriers within resistive pulse sensing, RPS, aids the detection and quantification of analytes. In the absence of convection, the signal strength and frequency can dependent upon the electrophoretic mobility of the nanocarrier/ analyte. Here we have developed a simple strategy to incorporate peptide aptamers onto RPS assays with enhanced electrophoretic signals. Using a hybrid DNA-Peptide nanocarrier an existing peptide was incorporated into a rapid assay without having to engineer or modify the peptide sequence. The surface of a nanocarrier is coated with a mixture of peptide aptamers and a nonbinding DNA. The binding of the target to the peptide creates an “analyte corona” which shields the phosphate groups of the underlying DNA. This results in a change in electrophoretic mobility of the nanocarrier. The signal is concentration dependent and is illustrated using a peptide to a key biomarker of infection, C-Reactive Protein, CRP. As a comparison we also show the binding of the CRP to a DNA aptamer. This universal approach can be easily adapted to other peptides without the peptide itself to undergo any chemical modifications opening new opportunities and applications in RPS strategies. &lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
POSSIBILITYIES OF PHYTOTHERAPY AT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES

In the present paper the modern approaches to the reasonable using of phytopharmaceuticals for diseases of gastrointestinal tract were discussed. Substantiates using groups of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases of gastrointestinal tract based on important relationship «biologically active substance-pharmacological effect». According modern data of chemical composition and pharmacological activity in the attitude to this pathology the most important species of medicinal plants are considered. The importance of principle of phytotherapy’s safety as a main approach of evidential medicine was highlighted. This scientific paper will help experts to make an evidence-based decision of medicinal plants and phytopreparations based on them in clinical practice.

Topic: Cynara cardunculus studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Facilities: Synchrotron source accelerates

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France, has successfully confined an electron beam in its main storage ring for the first time – roughly six months ahead of schedule. According to ESRF director-general, Ruprecht Haensel, this will extend the European facility's lead over the US Advanced Photon Source at Argonne to about two years, and give a four-year head start over the SPring-8 synchrotron in Tsukuba, Japan (Physics World November 1991 p7). Construction on the twelve-nation FF 2.6bn (at 1987 prices; £275m) X-ray source began in January 1990.

Topic: International Science and Diplomacy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using Economics for Sustainability, Efficient Management, and Conflict Resolution in Water

L'eau est généralement une ressource considérée uniquement en termes de quantité. Elle est estimée en termes de consummation et d'approvisionnement de manière à établir un équilibre. Lorsque cet équilibre est rompu ou lorsqu'apparaît une pénurie, les alarmes sont déclenchées et de l'ingénierie ou des solutions politiques sont recherchées en vue de trouver des sources supplémentaires. Les contentieux sur l'eau sont généralement pensés de cette manière. Deux ou plusieurs parties ayant des revendications aux mêmes sources d'eau sont considérées comme jouant un jeu à somme nulle. L'eau qu'obtient l'une des parties n'est tout simplement pas disponible pour les autres, de sorte que le gain d'une partie est considérée comme une perte pour l'autre. Mais il y a une autre façon de penser les problèmes d'eau et les conflits de l'eau qui prenne en compte les droits de propriété sur l'eau et les usages de l'eau, une façon qui peut conduire à la résolution des différends et au développement durable, à la gestion optimale de l'eau.

Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Methods for using computer training facilities in studies of special disciplines

The paper considers the practical use of computer training facilities in training of personnel for nuclear power industry and their role in forming professional and special professional competences of graduating students. The Ural Federal University's Department of Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources possesses special training facilities for training of personnel for nuclear power plants with fast neutron reactors. Software tools and simulators, such as GEFEST, Joker and Syntes codes, a BN-800 analytical simulator and others, are heavily involved in the training process. A variety of computer-Aided simulation systems is used by students for research projects. The paper considers the structure and the components of the BN-800 training system used for training in control of the power unit's reactor and turbine department processes. It also describes process control techniques and the reactor and NPP process control and visualization tools. Mathematical models are described, which are used for real-Time modeling and simulation of the power unit's neutronic, thermal-physical and thermal-hydraulic processes. The use of the analytical simulator is illustrated by a laboratory research project entitled «BN-800 Reactor Power Maneuvering», which investigates the reactor facility power control modes in a power range of 100-80-100% of the rated power.

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Analogues of Electrophilic Fluorinating Agents of the N‐F Class.

Abstract The perfluorinated polymers with the idealized formulae (II), (VI), and (IX) are prepared as shown in the reaction scheme.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Monitoring of the Unusual Binary LSI+61 303: Measurements of the Lightcurve and High-Energy Spectrum

The binary system, LSI+61 303, is unusual both because of the dramatic, periodic, radio outbursts, and because of its possible association with the 100 MeV gamma-ray source, 2CG135+01. We have performed simultaneous radio and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer X-ray observations at eleven intervals over the 26.5 day orbit, and in addition searched for variability on timescales ranging from milliseconds to hours. We confirm the modulation of the X-ray emission on orbital timescales originally reported by Taylor et al. (1996), and in addition we find a significant offset between the peak of the X-ray and radio flux. We argue that based on these results, the most likely X-ray emission mechanism is inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons off of electrons accelerated at the shock boundary between the relativistic wind of a young pulsar and the Be star wind. In these observations we also detected 2 -- 150 keV flux from the nearby low-redshift quasar QSO~0241+622. Comparing these measurements to previous hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of the region containing both LSI+61 303 and QSO~0241+622, it is clear that emission from the QSO dominates.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid after different administration routes in geese (<i>Anser cygnoides</i>)

Abstract The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid were determined in geese ( Anser cygnoides ) following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight healthy geese (3.5 ± 0.5 kg) were used. The study was performed in four periods according to a crossover design with a 15‐day washout period between two administrations. The plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid were analyzed using HPLC‐UV, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. The elimination half‐life was 1.73, 2.51, 2.34, and 2.31 hr for IV, IM, SC, and oral routes, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady state and total clearance after IV administration were 0.25 L/kg and 0.16 L hr −1 kg −1 , respectively. The peak plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid after IM, SC, and oral administrations were 4.89, 2.94, and 2.92 μg/ml at 0.25, 0.75, and 1 hr, respectively. The bioavailability was 87.91, 77.87, and 76.03% for the IM, SC, and oral routes, respectively. Tolfenamic acid, which exhibits the good bioavailability and plasma concentration following IM, SC, and oral administrations at 2 mg/kg dose, may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions in geese.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences