jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A review of nanotechnology based highly sensitive iot capable sensing device

Gas sensors are widely used in industries for detecting different kinds of harmful gas leakages. Since the requirement of sensors is such that it must not effects the engineering environment of the process. So over all the sensors and its circuitry must not consume much space. So the best solution in this era is to use the nanotechnology based sensors which consumes much less space along with its other components. So the researchers are continuously focusing on the nanotech based sensors. Along with the IOT technology it makes working environment much comfortable and ease for living. In this paper a review was given about the graphene sheet containing the gold nano particles which act as a co2 absorber.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Set Classification of GAN-based Image Manipulations via a ViT-based Hybrid Architecture

Classification of AI-manipulated content is receiving great attention, for distinguishing different types of manipulations. Most of the methods developed so far fail in the open-set scenario, that is when the algorithm used for the manipulation is not represented by the training set. In this paper, we focus on the classification of synthetic face generation and manipulation in open-set scenarios, and propose a method for classification with a rejection option. The proposed method combines the use of Vision Transformers (ViT) with a hybrid approach for simultaneous classification and localization. Feature map correlation is exploited by the ViT module, while a localization branch is employed as an attention mechanism to force the model to learn per-class discriminative features associated with the forgery when the manipulation is performed locally in the image. Rejection is performed by considering several strategies and analyzing the model output layers. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed for the task of classification of facial attribute editing and GAN attribution.

Topic: Digital Media Forensic Detection
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An active recombinant p15 RNase H domain is functionally distinct from the RNase H domain associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.

An active p15 RNase H domain, consisting of amino acids 427-560 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and a genetically engineered penta-histidine N-terminal affinity tag, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified p15 RNase H domain exhibited no substrate preference for [3H]poly(rG).poly(dC) compared to [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT), in contrast with the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H, which showed a 30-fold preference for the former substrate. Unlike the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H, when challenged with unlabeled substrate, the recombinant p15 RNase H domain was relatively nonprocessive in RNA degradative activity of the [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT) duplex. Kinetic studies using p15 RNase H showed substrate inhibition with an apparent K(i) value of 0.12 micron for the [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT) hybrid. Substrate inhibition was not observed for the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H. The results show that the isolated p15 HIV-1 RNase H domain is functionally distinct from the recombinant HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of process technology making of ragi malt biscuits

Ragi (Eleusine coracana) or also known as ‘Finger millet’ is the major cereal crop after rice produced in Konkan
region. Finger millet has good amount of tryptophan, cystine and methionine which are very crucial for human health and growth.
It is also rich source of calcium, iron and phosphorous. Because of several economic and nutritional advantages of finger millet, this
will be the best ingredients for bakery after wheat. Malt from finger millet can be used for making digestible baking and liquid
foods. However scientific information on the use of finger millet in bakery product is not available. Therefore this investigation was
proposed to make biscuits based on finger millet malt flour, rava (semolina) and refined whet flour (maida). Different
combinations of finger millet flour, rava and maida were used to make the ragi malt biscuits. Biscuits prepared using malted
finger millet (70%) with rava (15%) and maida (15%) was having acceptability for texture, flavour (first rank) and colour
(second rank) in organoleptic evaluation. It is therefore recommended to make finger millet biscuits of high energy value and good
acceptability to the consumer using finger millet malt, rawa and maida in proportion of 70:15:15.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Magdalen Home, Mount St. Canice : the early years

Prostitution was rife in nineteenth century Tasmania, and a variety of philanthropic efforts attempted to assist underprivileged girls who were involved or likely to become involved in the trade. Magdalen Home became the largest and most enduring of these endeavours. This thesis studies the early years of the Magdalen Home. Chapter 1 describes the life of Father William John Dunne, whose bequest provided the capital for the founding of the Home. Chapter 2 examines the will of Father Dunne, attempting to illustrate how, with careful execution, it provided funds for the institutiion to commence in 1893, with a substantial land holding and edifice. Chapter 3 looks at the role played by the Good Shepherd Order and the Catholic press in establishing the institution. Chapter 4 deals with the establishment of the commercial laundry and farm, which were to become mainstays of the Home. It also describes the building extensions up to 1900. Chapter 5, analyses the lives of inmates who were Wards of State, and describes the collusive relationship that developed between the Magdalen Home and the Neglected Children's Department in the early twentieth century. Finally, Chapter 6 describes the contribution of the religious and their auxilliaries to the prosperity of the institution, and concludes with the building of the Memorial Church in 1910.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fray Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta’s Work on California’s Native Languages

Summary This article describes the linguistic work of Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta (1780–1840), a Franciscan missionary from Spain who lived and worked in the missions of Alta California for some 32 years. He was the most prolific chronicler of the indigenous languages of Alta California during the mission period, writing a vocabulary and grammar of the Costanoan/Ohlone language Mutsun, taking notes on a Yokuts language he called Nopthrinthres, and compiling shorter word lists and religious texts in numerous other languages. The present work seeks to bring together and analyze what information is available about Arroyo de la Cuesta’s life and writings and place these within the broader field of missionary linguistics.

Topic: Historical Linguistics and Language Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Clustering of Leaf Characteristics in Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest based on Particle Swarm Optimization

The study of the relationship between forest and environment especially in climate change is needed for forest management. Seasonally dry tropical forest is one type of the tropical forests that is a home of biodiversity hotspots. The species in the deciduous forest has the various response to climate variables. The optimization approach called Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) is a technique that has been recognized in a lot of research as an effective approach to analyze data. This approach has been applied to solve many problems. In this research, we applied PSO to cluster the leaf characteristic patterns in secondary dry dipterocarp forest. The results showed the main patterns of leaf characteristics in the forest can be extracted by PSO. Nevertheless, it cannot separate the small different characteristics of leaf phenology as complete and incomplete in shorten period during the usual dry season.

Topic: Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Courtship behaviour of the Ouachita dusky salamander, <i>Desmognathus brimleyorum</i>, and a comparison with other desmognathine salamanders

This paper provides the first description of the courtship of the North American Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum (Plethodontidae: Desmognathinae). Heterosexual encounters consist of multiple sequences of courtship, each sequence ending with the deposition of a single spermatophore on the substratum. Insemination is most likely to occur at the end of the final sequence in an encounter. Each sequence contains behaviour patterns that function to orient and synchronize the partners, and enable the male to provide tactile (rubbing and nudging), chemical (snapping and pulling) and, perhaps, visual (jerking) stimulation to the female. In terms of the sequential structure of encounters, the courtship of D. brimleyorum is unique among desmognathine salamanders for which descriptions are available. However, each of the individual behaviour patterns exhibited by D. brimleyorum during sequences of courtship is shown by congeneric taxa. Understanding patterns of similarities among these taxa awaits a phylogenetic analysis of behavioural evolution in the monophyletic Desmognathinae.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Compressed Training for Dual-Wideband Time-Varying Sub-Terahertz Massive MIMO

6G operators may use millimeter wave (mmWave) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) bands to meet the ever-increasing demand for wireless access. Sub-THz communication comes with many existing challenges of mmWave communication and adds new challenges associated with the wider bandwidths, more antennas, and harsher propagations. Notably, the frequency- and spatial-wideband (dual-wideband) effects are significant at sub-THz. This paper presents a compressed training framework to estimate the time-varying sub-THz MIMO-OFDM channels. A set of frequency-dependent array response matrices are constructed, enabling channel recovery from multiple observations across subcarriers via multiple measurement vectors (MMV). Using the temporal correlation, MMV least squares (LS) is designed to estimate the channel based on the previous beam support, and MMV compressed sensing (CS) is applied to the residual signal. We refer to this as the MMV-LS-CS framework. Two-stage (TS) and MMV FISTA-based (M-FISTA) algorithms are proposed for the MMV-LS-CS framework. Leveraging the spreading loss structure, a channel refinement algorithm is proposed to estimate the path coefficients and time delays of the dominant paths. To reduce the computational complexity and enhance the beam resolution, a sequential search method using hierarchical codebooks is developed. Numerical results demonstrate the improved channel estimation accuracy of MMV-LS-CS over state-of-the-art techniques.

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fabrication of Provisional Restoration Using Direct Technique

Abstract Dental students learning fixed prosthodontics should have the conceptual understanding and procedural skills that allow them to prepare teeth for full coverage restorations and also to fabricate provisional restorations for these teeth. Fabrication of a provisional restoration is a clinical skill that a dental student should be able to demonstrate. This resource provides a stepwise approach to learning how to fabricate provisional restorations for full gold and porcelain fused to metal crowns. Faculty can use this module as an adjunct to their teaching. The module can provide faculty members who have different teaching styles with a consistent method of making provisional restorations that achieve desirable results and meet the evaluation criteria. This module is used by dental students in a preclinical setting. It is intended to allow self-guided and self-paced instruction with or without the assistance of faculty. In order for the module to be employed, students should be proficient in the fundamentals, principles, and skills involved in preparing typodont teeth for full coverage restorations. This resource should be thoroughly reviewed before beginning the restoration fabrication procedures and should be followed step-by-step to achieve the goals of successful provisional fabrication. The purposes of each characteristic of an ideal restoration should be reviewed and learned prior to fabrication so that the evaluation criteria can be used effectively. This resource has been utilized in the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry preclinical Fixed Prosthodontic course for the past 2 years. Students are given a lecture about this procedure and then allowed to use this resource during their preclinical laboratory time to fabricate provisional restorations. This resource is supplemented by faculty feedback; however, this feedback time can be more effectively spent addressing specific questions and/or pitfalls rather than setting up and providing live demonstrations. Students appreciate having detailed, step-by-step instructions to follow even in the absence of faculty.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Youth Soldiering

Abstract This chapter provides a holistic understanding of the consequences of youth soldiering, recognizing the diversity within the category “child soldiers” and using young people's testimonies to show how youth understand their experiences and choices. Having put the definitions of “youth” and “child soldiers” in critical perspective, the chapter analyzes various pathways for a young person's entry into soldiering, recognizing the linkage between how one enters and the impact of soldiering itself. Additionally, it examines the varied roles and experiences of youth soldiers, connecting these with gender, the choices young people make while associated with an armed group and their evolving sense of meaning and identity. The chapter also examines the impact of youth soldiering by linking psychosocial wellbeing with health, cosmology, economics, and social roles and relations. It concludes with reflections on the implications of this holistic conceptualization for social reintegration and peacebuilding.

Topic: Gender, Security, and Conflict
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Large tumor suppressor homologs 1 and 2 regulate mouse liver progenitor cell proliferation and maturation through antagonism of the coactivators YAP and TAZ

In the adult liver, the Hippo pathway mammalian STE20‐like protein kinases 1 and 2 and large tumor suppressor homologs 1 and 2 (LATS1/2) control activation of the transcriptional coactivators Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, thereby regulating liver cell proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation. Less is known about the contribution of Hippo signaling to liver development. We used conditional mutagenesis to show that the Hippo signaling pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 are redundantly required during mouse liver development to repress YAP and TAZ in both the biliary epithelial and hepatocyte lineages. In the absence of LATS1/2, biliary epithelial cells exhibit excess proliferation while hepatoblasts fail to mature into hepatocytes, defects that result in perinatal lethality. Using an in vitro hepatocyte differentiation assay, we demonstrate that YAP activity decreases and Hippo pathway kinase activities increase upon differentiation. In addition, we show that YAP activation in vitro , resulting from either depletion of its negative regulators LATS1/2 or expression of a mutant form of YAP that is less efficiently phosphorylated by LATS1/2, results in transcriptional suppression of genes that normally accompany hepatocyte maturation. Moreover, we provide evidence that YAP activity is repressed by Hippo pathway activation upon hepatocytic maturation in vitro . Finally, we examine the localization of YAP during fetal liver development and show that higher levels of YAP are found in biliary epithelial cells, while in hepatocytes YAP levels decrease with hepatocyte maturation. Conclusion: Hippo signaling, mediated by the LATS1 and LATS2 kinases, is required to restrict YAP and TAZ activation during both biliary and hepatocyte differentiation. These findings suggest that dynamic regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in differentiation and functional maturation of the liver. (H epatology 2016;64:1757‐1772).

Topic: Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
#creativityeveryday – Instagram as a Creative Tool

Web 2.0 technologies have expanded the boundaries of creativity, facilitating a digital intersection of art and expression of design, the visual arts, and music industries. Instagram, one of the most popular social media platforms among young people, offers a range of linear storytelling tools including image filtering and editing, sound effects, instant sharing, liking, commenting, hashtagging, geotagging, and re-posting with its high audio-visual content. Creative industries can be viewed as one of the most influential social and economic drivers in the 21st century and Instagram has the potential to play a valuable role in the contemporary creative industries, including in the music industry. In this chapter we discuss some of the multimodal affordances of Instagram and how these can support creativity in design and in the music industry along with acting as a habitat for musical creatives. A number of examples are included from the contemporary music industry and the system model developed by Csikszentmihalyi is used to provide an understanding of how social media can support the music industry as a context for its expansion creating the possibilities for opportunities for young artists.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The research on microstructure of water trees in polyethylene

So far, there is no general agreement on the microstructure of water trees, and two models have been proposed. In one model, it is considered that a water tree consists of continuous paths such as microchannels, while in the other model it is taken into account that a water tree is composed of a number of microcavities which are not connected. In this paper, AgNO/sub 3/ (silver nitrate) solution was used as needle electrode to grow water trees in polyethylene. It was found that during the formation of water trees, silver ions, due to having low free energy of oxidation and reduction, are reduced into metallic silver which is deposited in the channels of water trees. This process is like electroplating, so the channels of water trees still remain after removal of electric field. It was observed by means of an SEM that there do exist microchannels in a water tree with their diameters being from 02 to 0.5 /spl mu/m. Based on this discovery, a possible model on the microstructure of a water tree is suggested. In this model the two models above-mentioned are unified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Morphology of the genital structures in some species of the genus Dinothenarus Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)

The structures of the genitalia of the representatives of the genus Dinothenarus Thomson, 1858 [D. pubescens (De Geer, 1774), D. flavocephalus (Goeze, 1777), D. arrosus (Eppelsheim, 1890) and D. sibiricus (Gebler, 1830)] are described. Topology, morphology and nomenclature of some structures (spermatheca, vagina, penis tube, endophallus and their components) are specified. The homology of these structures is discussed.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MEASURING GENE EXPRESSION OF THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT GLUTENINS IN 'CHINESE SPRING' WHEAT USING RT-PCR

The high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin genes, located on the group 1L chromosome arms, are a major determinant for baking quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We previously identified chromosome regions influencing the expression of the HMW glutenins at the protein level (Wanous et al., 2003. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:213-220). Now we have extended this analysis to expression of these genes at the transcriptional level using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primers and protocols for PCR amplification of the HMW glutenin genes were designed. The amplified products ranged in size from 175 to 409 bp and targeted transcribed segments of the genes, making them well suited to gene expression studies utilizing RT-PCR. For Glu-B1-1, Glu-B1-2, and Glu-D1-2, primers were designed from sequences in Genbank, available on the NCBI website, using Lasergene MegAlign software (DNASTAR) to find differences between the HMW glutenin genes, and Lasergene PrimerSelect software to design the primers. The Glu-D1-1 primer sequences were obtained from D’Ovidio et al. (1995). The primers and PCR protocols designed for each HMW glutenin gene were transferred to a Smart Cycler® II (Cepheid) instrument and optimized for RT-PCR. RNA was isolated from wheat endosperm for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Features of internal carotid artery stenosis in acute cerebral infarction patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective To study the features of internal carotid artery stenosis in acute cerebral infarction(ACI) patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifty-four ACI patients with type 2 diabetes who were detected by transcranial doppler or CT angiography and found out internal carotid artery stenosis were examined by digital sabiractive angiography(DSA).And the results were analyzed.Results All of the 54 patients in this group were found internal carotid artery stenosis by DSA.The incidence of stenosis in single vessel was(42.6%,23/54),which was significantly lower than stenosis in multiple vessels(57.4%,31/54)(P0.05).The severe and moderate rate of internal carotid artery stenosis(20.3%,18.8%) were significantly lower than mild(53.9%),and were significantly higher than occlusion(7.0%)(all P0.05).The C4 rate of internal carotid artery stenosis(18.8%) was significantly lower than C1(60.9%),and was significantly higher than C2,C3,C5,C6 and C7(1.6%-6.2%)(all P0.05).Conclusions The internal carotid artery stenosises in type 2 diabetes patients with ACI are mostly multiple vessels,and the degrees are mostly mild,and the location is often in C1.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences