jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors (PPARs): A Review on Effects on Glucose Metabolism, Energy Homeostasis and Cardiovascular System

Background:Molecular biology and human medical genetics have introduced several novel biomarkers giving control over vital body functions, of these are transcriptional factors known as peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors “PPARs”. The aim of this review is to shed light on available online information and published research works about these biomarkers. The current review will try to display those findings mainly related to energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular interactions. Methods:a literature review about peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors and their roles in controlling some vital body functions has been made and recorded. Search covered published investigations and research works over the last three decades as accessible. Results: peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors have crucial roles in controlling a big deal of vital biological processes in humans. Conclusions: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are important transcriptional factors with clinical impacts. Literature shows a wide spectrum of effects and interactions through affecting many genes involved in processes of glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and peripheral insulin sensitization in addition to interfering with processes of inflammation, angiogenesis, blood pressure control and atherosclerosis.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trends In High-Speed Camera Development In The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) And People's Republic Of China (PRC)

Significant advances in high-speed camera technology are being made in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and People's Republic of China (PRC), which were revealed to the author during recent visits to both of these countries. Past and present developments in high-speed cameras are described in this paper based on personal observations by the author and on private communications with other technical observers. Detailed specifications on individual instruments are presented in those specific cases where such information has been revealed and could be verified.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
From genetics and genomics to drug discovery: yeast rises to the challenge

stress was also investigated in the context ofescalation of drug intake by Michel LeMoal(Institut Francois Magendie, Bordeaux,France) and GeorgeKoob (The ScrippsResearch Institute, LaJolla, CA, USA). Anabnormal stress response might contributeto the development of, persistence of andrelapse to addiction, and in someindividuals might exist on a genetic orenvironmental basis before self-exposureto drugs. Addiction was conceptualized as acycle of spiraling dysregulation of brainreward systems that progressivelyincreases resulting in the compulsive use ofdrugs. Counter-adaptive processes that arepart of the normal homeostatic limitationof reward function fail to return to withinthe physiological range, thus resulting ina collapsing cycle of addiction comprising three stages: preoccupation–anticipation, binge–intoxication, andwithdrawal–negative effect.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of prescribing trends for rational use of drugs

Background: Nowadays irrational use of drugs is a major problem inspite of extensive programs being carried out on rational use of medicines. Therefore, in present study we evaluated OPD prescriptions for rationality and their adherence to prescription format.Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out in 511 outdoor patients for a period of three months. Quality of prescription writing was assessed for completeness of information and legibility. Rationality was analyzed using WHO core prescribing indicators.Results: Basic information of patient and name of department were written in all the prescriptions. Diagnosis was mentioned in 76.33% cases. Dosage forms, dose, frequency and duration of treatment were mentioned in 97.26%, 73%, 80.04% and 80.23% of prescriptions respectively. About 73.78% prescriptions were legible. Doctor’s name, signature and registration number were present in 80.82%, 82.97% and 15.66%. Total number of drugs in 511 cases was 1074. Average number of drugs/ prescriptions was 2.1±0.8. Drugs were prescribed by generic name in 25.14% cases; drugs from EDL were 57.36%. Antimicrobial agents, injectable drugs and FDCs were prescribed in 25.83%, 12.13% and 39.14% cases. The most commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics, GIT and cardiovascular drugs.Conclusions:This study shows possible areas of improvement in prescription practice that is generic prescribing, use of essential medicines, restraint in use of irrational fixed dose combinations and better quality of prescribing in terms of inclusiveness of information, legibility and doctor’s details.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Understanding the nature and impact of cognitive fluctuations and sleep disturbances in dementia with Lewy bodies: A qualitative caregiver study

Objectives: Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterised by rapid fluctuations in attention, which are known as “cognitive fluctuations.” Despite the fact that cognitive fluctuations are considered to be a core dementia with Lewy bodies symptom, they are very difficult to define and measure using existing quantitative subjective measurement tools, which are typically completed by caregivers. Cognitive fluctuations are also likely to be influenced by various aspects of sleep, but this is as yet unexplored. The primary aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the phenomenology of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies by understanding caregiver experiences. Methods: Seven caregivers of people with dementia with Lewy bodies completed one-to-one semistructured interviews, which were conducted by telephone. Caregivers were asked to describe the nature, frequency, duration and potential triggers of cognitive fluctuations that were experienced by the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies. Caregivers were also asked about the subjective sleep experience of the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies, and about their own sleep experiences. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Thematic Analysis. Results: Caregivers reported that there was a great deal of individual variation in the frequency, duration and severity of cognitive fluctuations. Patient sleep disturbances, including excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal awakenings, restless legs and sleep apnoea, were common. However, the impact of sleep alterations or experiences upon the fluctuations was reported to be less clear. Caregivers also reported that their own sleep was negatively affected, potentially due to actively listening for overnight events and behaviours. Conclusions: Qualitatively, caregivers report that dementia with Lewy bodies cognitive fluctuations show large individual variations in terms of their frequency, duration and severity, but that subjectively, sleep may not consistently influence this symptom. Specific, caregiver-focussed interventions are likely to be necessary to maintain good sleep health in dementia with Lewy bodies caregivers.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Toward a novel architecture for beam steering of active phased-array antennas

This paper introduces an architecture capable of generating four mutually phase shifted radio frequency signals for beam steering of active phased array antennas (APAAs) to be eventually integrated into a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Targeting space and weight constrained applications, the proposed architecture features an 8051 IP-core and four custom DDS-PLL phase shifters based on synchronous delay-lines with programmable lengths. As a first step towards the ASIC realization of the system, the proposed architecture has been implemented and tested for functional correctness through a hybrid prototype based on an Altera DE2-115 board and a custom four channel PLL board.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enrichment of activating histone marks at gene promoters depends on transcriptional status of genes.

&lt;p&gt;Metagene plots displaying H3K4me3 or H3K27ac enrichment +/− 2 kb of TSSs for genes in expression quartiles reveals increased modification at the promoters of highly expressed genes. Data associated with this figure can be found in S5 Data. H3K4me3, H3 trimethylation of lysine residue 4; H3K27ac, H3 acetylation on lysine residue 27; TSSs, transcription start site.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(PDF)&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Computer Simulation of a Four-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper introduces the preliminary simulation of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. An arbitrary heat release formula was used to predict the cylinder pressure, which was used to find out the indicated work done. The heat transfer from the cylinder, friction and pumping losses also were taken into account to predict the brake mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Most of the parameters that can affect the performance of the four stroke spark ignition engines such as equivalence ratios, spark timing, heat release rate, compression ratios, compression index and expansion index are studied. The use of a real combustion curve has a profound influence on the similarity of the pressure-volume profile to that seen for the real engine. The modeling process is obviously getting closer to reality and is now worth pursuing as a design aid.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The application of molecular resonance to microwave frequency stabilization

A method is described of stabilizing the frequency of an oscillator by means of the molecular absorptions which occur in the microwave spectrum of some gases. Circuit details are given of an apparatus used with ammonia at wavelengths near 1.25 cm, and factors affecting performance are discussed theoretically. An N.P.L. test gave a measured stability figure of ± 6 parts in 107. Possibilities for other wavelengths are considered.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comment on gmd-2022-300

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> This paper discusses the newly developed Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management activities in Delhi, India. In addition to standard air quality forecasts, DSS provides the contribution of Delhi, its surrounding districts, and stubble-burning fires in the neighboring states of Punjab and Haryana to the PM<sub>2.5</sub> load in Delhi. DSS also quantifies the effects of local and neighborhood emission-source-level interventions on the pollution load in Delhi. The DSS-simulated Air Quality Index for the post-monsoon and winter seasons of 2021&ndash;22 shows high accuracy (up to 80 %) and a very low false alarm ratio (~20 %) from Day 1 to Day 5 of the forecasts, especially when the ambient AQI is &gt; 300. During the post-monsoon season (winter season), emissions from Delhi, the rest of the NCR districts, biomass-burning activities, and all other remaining regions on average contribute 34.4 % (33.4 %), 31 % (40.2 %), 7.3 % (0.1 %), and 27.3 % (26.4 %), respectively, to PM<sub>2.5</sub> load in Delhi. During peak pollution events (stubble-burning periods), however, the contribution from sources within Delhi (farm fires in Punjab-Haryana) could reach 65 % (69 %). According to DSS, a 20 % (40 %) reduction in anthropogenic emissions across all NCR districts would result in a 12 % (24 %) reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Delhi on a seasonal mean basis. DSS is a critical tool for policymakers because it provides such information daily through a single simulation with a plethora of emission reduction scenarios.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Circular dichroism studies on synthetic peptides corresponding to the cleavage site region of precursor proteins

The conformations of synthetic peptides which span the region in which the precursor part of proteins (signal sequences) destined for export are cleaved by signal peptidases, were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Pentapeptides comprising amino acids only from the carboxy‐terminus of signal sequences or the amino terminus of the mature protein do not have any preferred conformation in a variety of solvents. Octa‐ and nonapeptides containing amino acids from the carboxy‐terminal protion of signal sequences and the amino‐terminus of the mature portions of precursor proteins tend to adopt β‐turn conformations in trifluoroethanol and micelles of sodium dodecylsulphate. Hence, in addition to the distribution of amino acids with small side chains at the carboxy terminus of signal sequences, it is conceivable that signal peptidases also recognize a β‐turn conformation in the cleavage site region of precursor proteins.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Simbolic confront, knowledge appropriation and social movements networks information production

Submitted by Sonia Burnier (sdesouza@ibict.br) on 2012-04-26T15:54:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARTELETODataGramaZero2001.pdf: 112235 bytes, checksum: e085a3847a78be5ee69c5ae362defbad (MD5)

Topic: Social and Economic Solidarity
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Contemporary genetic adaptation in zoos and conservation breeding programs

<title>Abstract</title> Conservation breeding programs can be vital for combating biodiversity loss, but optimization of these programs is crucial for success. Genetic adaptation to captivity is suspected to hinder reintroductions yet remains largely untested. Using an extensive dataset of breeding programs, we assessed adaptive genetic change in 31 vertebrate populations, marking the broadest estimation of additive genetic variance of fitness to date. Our findings indicate widespread, adaptive genetic change in ex situ populations, with estimates comparable to wild populations. While this adaptation may enhance fitness in captivity, concerns arise regarding how genetic divergence could impact reintroduction success. Our results confirm the importance of anthropogenic effects on microevolution and highlight the need for a better understanding of genetic adaptation in captivity to ensure breeding populations can fulfill their potential.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Grandmothers talking to Nell Dunn

Nell Dunn interviewed ten grandmothers, all from different social backgrounds, and talked to them about what it feels like to be a grandmother and what it felt like to be a grandchild. The interviewees range from Ursula, who lives in a country house, to Joy, who lives on a council estate. The author also wrote Up the Junction, a collection of short stories set in South London. It won the John Llewelyn Rhys Award and was filmed for TV and cinema. Her novel Poor Cow was made into a film directed by Ken Loach. She also wrote the play Steaming.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Active browsing using similarity pyramids&lt;/title&gt;

In this paper, we describe a new approach to managing large image databases, which we call active browsing. Active browsing integrates relevance feedback into the browsing environment, so that users can modify the database's organization to suit the desired task. Our method is based on a similarity pyramid data structure, which hierarchically organizes the database, so that it can be efficiently browsed. At coarse levels, the similarity pyramid allows users to view the database as large clusters of similar images. Alternatively, users can 'zoom into' finer levels to view individual images. We discuss relevance feedback for the browsing process, and argue that it is fundamentally different from relevance feedback for more traditional search-by-query tasks. We propose two fundamental operations for active browsing: pruning and reorganization. Both of these operations depend on a user-defined relevance set, which represents the image or set of images desired by the user. We present statistical methods for accurately pruning the database, and we propose a new 'worm hole' distance metric for reorganizing the database, so that members of the relevance set are grouped together.

Topic: Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Undergoer orientation in Movima

This article explores the system of verbal voice morphemes in Movima (unclassified, Amazonian Bolivia) and seeks to explain why most transitive main clauses in Movima pattern ergatively. Movima has two basic transitive constructions, direct and inverse, overtly distinguished by verbal morphemes. In main clauses, the direct construction patterns ergatively and the inverse construction patterns accusatively. In terms of statistical frequency, the large majority of transitive main clauses in texts is direct, i.e. ergative. The direct and inverse markers, which are employed according to the relative position of the participants on a referential hierarchy, belong to a paradigm of verbal morphemes (reflexive/reciprocal, resultative, agentive, middle) that indicate the transitivity of the verb and the participant role (actor or undergoer) of its subject. The proposal of this paper is to consider the direct voice marker as a morpheme that derives a transitive verb by simply adding a syntactic position for an actor argument, leaving the undergoer orientation of the verb untouched and thus creating an ergative structure. The inverse marker, under this view, is a secondary derivation, reversing the participant roles of the arguments of a transitive clause according to the referential hierarchy and discourse status.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Protectin DX promotes epithelial injury repair and inhibits fibroproliferation partly via ALX/PI3K signalling pathway

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI) is histologically characterized by extensive alveolar barrier disruption and excessive fibroproliferation responses. Protectin DX (PDX) displays anti‐inflammatory and potent inflammation pro‐resolving actions. We sought to investigate whether PDX attenuates LPS (lipopolysaccharide)‐induced lung injury via modulating epithelial cell injury repair, apoptosis and fibroblasts activation. In vivo, PDX was administered intraperitoneally (IP) with 200 ng/per mouse after intratracheal injection of LPS, which remarkedly stimulated proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT II cells), reduced the apoptosis of AT II cells, which attenuated lung injury induced by LPS. Moreover, primary type II alveolar cells were isolated and cultured to assess the effects of PDX on wound repair, apoptosis, proliferation and transdifferentiation in vitro. We also investigated the effects of PDX on primary rat lung fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Our result suggests PDX promotes primary AT II cells wound closure by inducing the proliferation of AT II cells and reducing the apoptosis of AT II cells induced by LPS, and promotes AT II cells transdifferentiation. Furthermore, PDX inhibits transforming growth factor‐β 1 (TGF‐β 1 ) induced fibroproliferation, fibroblast collagen production and myofibroblast transformation. Furthermore, the effects of PDX on epithelial wound healing and proliferation, fibroblast proliferation and activation partly via the ALX/ PI3K signalling pathway. These data present identify a new mechanism of PDX which targets the airway epithelial cell and fibroproliferation are potential for treatment of ARDS/ALI.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COMPARISON OF PROTOCOLS FOR TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY ONE OR TWO ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONS AND BY RESYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN BOS TAURUS INDICUS COWS

The goals were to compare the conception rate in cows subjected to timedartificial insemination (TAI) with one AI, two AIs, or resynchronization (RES), and verify the effects of POF (preovulatory follicle) diameter on the CR. Two hundred and seventyfour cows (Bos taurus indicus) were assigned. In the group with one AI (1AIG; n=88), cows were subjected to intravaginal P4 and EB (2mg, IM) on day zero (D0); PGF2α (500μg, IM) on D7; P4 removal on D8; EB on D9; TAI and ultrasonography for POF diameter measurement on D10; PD (pregnancy diagnosis) and natural service on D41; bull removal on D90; and final PD on D110. The same protocol was used in the two AI (2AIG; n=88), except a second AI 20h after the first AI. The resynchronization group (RESG; n=98) was subjected to the same protocol as 1AIG, except a PD was performed on D40, and the non-pregnant cows received the P4 device and EB; PGF2α on D47; P4 removal on D48; EB was administered on D49; TAI was performed on D50; PD was performed, and bulls were introduced on D80; bulls’ removal on D110; final PD on D160. CR of 50, 58, and 73.4% were observed in 1AIG, 2AIG, and RESG, respectively, increasing to 85.2, 88.6, and 87.7% after natural service. The POF diameter at the first TAI was 12.8, 12.1, and 12.7mm in 1AIG, 2AIG, and RESG, respectively, and 12.6mm in RESG and 13.6mm in 2AIG (P=0.031) at the second AI. Groups 1 and 02 inseminations remained with bulls for 49 days and resynchronization for 30 days. In conclusion, RESG yielded a higher CR than TAI with one or two AIs. AI with follicles larger than 12.1mm resulted in a higher CR.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences