jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies of gastric cancer cases at a rural hospital in southern district of Ibaraki Prefecture.

茨城県県南地方の農村地帯を診療圏とする土浦協同病院外科における胃癌症例の臨床的検討を行なった。昭和53年1月から昭和63年12月までの11年間に1,287例の胃癌の入院があり, そのうちの1,233例 (95.8%) で手術を施行した。切除数は1,059例 (切除率85.9%), 治癒切除数は863例 (治癒切除率70.0%) であった。胃全摘施行例は337例 (切除例の31.8%), 手術直接死亡率は2.35%, 切除直接死亡率は1.32%であった。昭和53年から昭和58年の間の症例の5年生存率は切除数に対して57.5%, 治癒切除数に対して69.3%であった。昭和55年5月以来, 間接撮影による施設胃集検を行ない, 昭和63年末までに, のべ54,455人の受診者から162例の胃癌を発見した (胃癌発見率0.30%)。そのうちの120例を当施設で手術し, 84例 (70.0%) が早期胃癌であった。われわれの症例を年次的にみると, 切除率, 治癒切除率, 早期胃癌の率, 5年生存率のいずれも次第に向上してきたが, 切除範囲 (全摘率, 合併切除率), リンパ節廓清程度などには年次的変化はなく, この向上は早期例の増加によるものであり, 胃集検, 人間ドックを含めた無症状期の健康診断の受診者の増加が胃癌の手術成績の向上に寄与していた。

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel Exact and Approximate Algorithms for the Closest Pair Problem

The closest pair problem (CPP) is an important problem that has numerous applications in clustering, graph partitioning, image processing, patterns identification, intrusion detection, etc. Numerous algorithms have been presented for solving the CPP. For instance, on n points there exists an O(n log n) time algorithm for CPP (when the dimension is a constant). There also exist randomized algorithms with an expected linear run time. However these algorithms do not perform well in practice. The algorithms that are employed in practice have a worst case quadratic run time. One of the best performing algorithms for the CPP is MK (originally designed for solving the time series motif finding problem). In this paper we present an elegant exact algorithm called MPR for the CPP that performs better than MK. Also, we present approximation algorithms for the CPP that are faster than MK by up to a factor of more than 40, while maintaining a very good accuracy.

Topic: Data Management and Algorithms
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Communities of Faith: Fellowships for Overseas Chinese Christian Businesspeople in Shanghai

According to Weber, the early Protestantism in America increased economic productivity in two ways. One direct way was through inculcating in its believers a more rational lifestyle, a more ethical working discipline and a stronger motivation to accumulate economic capital, an issue that we discussed in the previous chapters. The other way, which is more indirect, was through the formation of universal trust, norms and regulations which were built on what Weber called a “superior community of faith” such as the Puritan sects in the West. Weber's essay on “The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism” ([1906] 1946b), the companion piece to The Protestant Ethic, is useful for an understanding of this. Weber highlights the way in which membership in a voluntary organization provides a guarantee of moral qualification and therefore, of credit. Moreover, networks as such provide “a means of contact, a source of mutual assistance and information” (Martin 1995, 341). This chapter will deal with the formation and outcome of these communities of faith. It will highlight how religious faith helps generate networks for its believers and will also outline the effects of religious communities in shaping values and inducing moral obligations for the believers.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mortality in a large southeastern facility for persons with mental retardation.

Mortality rates for institutionalized persons with mental retardation were presented. Rates were provided for two time intervals, 1974 through 1979 and 1980 through 1985, and by age, race, and gender. Consistent differences between black and white residents or by gender were not indicated. However, significant improvement in mortality did occur between the two time periods. Persons with profound retardation were found to have higher mortality than those whose retardation was mild to severe. Respiratory disease was the most prevalent cause of death among the individuals with profound mental retardation, whereas heart disease and cancer were the most common causes of death among persons with mild, moderate, or severe retardation. Aging of the population was noted over the period of the study, indicative of the increasing frailty of the institutionalized population.

Topic: Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inhibiting Effects of Antibiotics Loaded Porous Hydroxyapatite Microspheres on Staphylococcus Aureus

本研究以濕性化學法為合成方法，利用具有生物活性之無機陶瓷(氫氧基磷灰石)與生物可降解性之高分子製備出均勻且可控制粒徑大小之複合微米球。各種檢測技術譬如X光繞射(XRD)、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(FTIR)、電子顯微鏡觀察(SEM/TEM)、感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析(ICP-MS)與熱分析(TGA/DSC)等被用來鑑定氫氧基磷灰石-生物高分子複合微米球之結晶相、成分組成、表面形貌、化學結構及熱穩定性，分析結果發現此微米球呈現多孔狀且擁有大量的微孔與介孔，因而展現出高比表面積的特色，藉由此優點將微米球作為藥物載體應用於骨組織感染治療可大幅提高載藥量，因此本研究以微米球負載gentamicin、vancomycin、teicoplanin和zyvox四種不同的抗生素，探討其釋放行為及其對金黃色葡萄球菌(staphylococcus aureus)之抑菌效應。釋放曲線顯示出在初期12小時內，四種抗生素於50 ml 之磷酸鹽緩衝溶液中有爆發性釋放，其濃度針對金黃色葡萄球菌皆能高於最低抑菌濃度(MIC)，隨後則維持著緩慢釋放，而由實驗結果亦可得知化學結構中具有羧基之抗生素如vancomycin和teicoplanin與氫氧基磷灰石之間有較強之鍵結，因而導致有較長期緩慢且持續性的釋放行為。利用從藥物釋放試驗所獲得之釋放溶液，以瓊脂擴散法進行抑菌試驗，不同時間點所獲得之釋放液皆有顯著的抑菌圈，且抑菌圈直徑大小和各時間點所測得之抗生素濃度成正相關，此現象證實抗生素被負載於複合微米球再經過釋放之後，仍保有化學活性與穩定性。在細胞實驗中，因為本研究所合成的微米球含有生物高分子的成分，擁有細胞增殖所需要的胺基酸，加上氫氧基磷灰石具有生物活性及導骨性，因此以微米球進行體外細胞培養結果指出此微米球能增加類骨母細胞的增殖與分化，且以微米球之萃取液進行細胞毒性測試亦顯示出其對細胞不具毒性。整體而言，本研究成功的製備出具有高抗生素負載量及可注射式之氫氧基磷灰石-生物高分子複合微米球，並且達到有效延長藥物釋放、抗菌目的及提升細胞生長，此將有助於解決骨組織疾病所引發之棘手問題，並發揮微小傷口及骨整合等優點。

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Improved automated kinetic determination of uric acid in serum by use of uricase/catalase/aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract The enzymatic determination of serum uric acid by use of uricase, catalase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase according to Haeckel [J. Clin. Chem. Clin Biochem. 14, 101 (1976)] showed interferences from ethanol-converting enzymes, which are present in some patients' sera. We have identified these enzymes as alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. Among other substances, a mixture of pyrazole and oxalate can be used to eliminate these interferences. This inhibitor system gives good results when used in the automated kinetic uric acid determination, as is shown by a comparison with the manual assay for uric acid according to Kageyama [Clin. Chim. Acta 31, 421 (1971)].

Topic: Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Controlling Aggregation-Induced Emission in Bimetallic\nGold–Copper Nanoclusters via Surface Motif Engineering

Aggregation-induced\nemission (AIE) has been significantly explored\nto enhance luminescence properties. Here, we synthesized bimetallic\nAuCu nanoclusters (NCs) and studied their AIE by reconstructing the\nsurface motif from −S–Au­(I)–S– Au­(I)–S–\nto −S–Au­(I)–S–Cu­(I)–S–,\nas evident from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and microscopy\nstudies. A significant blue shift in the emission band of Au NCs is\nobserved with the change of the Au/Cu molar ratio. We observed enormous\nemission enhancement with decreasing temperature due to suppression\nof the intramolecular motion of surface ligands. A 200-fold emission\nenhancement occurs due to the aggregation of ultrasmall-sized AuCu\nNCs in a less polar medium of the water–ethanol mixture. An\nincrease in the radiative rate supports the effect of the Au­(I)–Cu­(I)\nmetallophilic interaction. A decrease in the nonradiative rate confirms\nthe restriction of ligand motions in the aggregated state. Metal cluster-based\nAIE-type materials pave the way to design highly luminescent materials\nfor potential applications in sensing, biolabeling, light-emitting\ndiodes (LEDs), and other fields.

Topic: Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Arousal-Based Sympathy Expression Model for Educational Support Robot

In this paper, we propose an arousal-based sympathy expression model for educational support robots which provide learner-robot one-to-one learning to empathize with the learner. In the conventional sympathy expression model, when the learner gives a correct (or incorrect) answer continuously, the same emotion is repeatedly expressed, that is the emotion expression becomes uniform. In the proposed model, various emotions are expressed by giving priority to arousal in emotion selection. In the experiment, we compare a robot that expresses emotions at random, a robot with the conventional model, and a robot with the proposed model.

Topic: Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Archaeological Testing of Site 41LR92 Lamar County, Texas

Testing of Site 41LR92 on State Highway 19 in Lamar County was undertaken by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) in May, 1984, to determine eligibility for inclusion within the National Register of Historic Places and to determine site depth, cultural context, archaeological significance and the amount of undisturbed cultural deposits. The site is located along a minor tributary of Robinson Creek which eventually feeds the Sulphur River. Preliminary determinations by the SDHPT were that the site might contain an Archaic component beneath the location of a razed 1950s farmhouse. Testing of the site indicated that the Archaic component was a minor occupation which probably had been destroyed by previous construction activities. Due to the lack of a valid archaeological context and the sparse amount of cultural material, it appears that the site does not meet the criteria for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and no further work is proposed.

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrating open data reuse into the business models of German companies

With the existing large quantity of open data and new emerging datasets, businesses have new opportunities to create and capture value from open data reuse. But unlike other countries such as the UK or the US, companies in Germany are rarely engaging in such activities. In line with this, the purpose of this paper is to identify ways in which open data can be integrated into the business models of German firms. It also aims to outline the challenges that German companies face in the business reuse of open data and to identify ways in which these can be overcome. To study the business model of each company, the current study focuses on six distinctive business model elements, and investigates how open data can be integrated into these. For the analysis, the study uses a combination of desk research and a case study approach, analyzing secondary data from 29 open data companies in Germany and conducting semi-structured interviews with representatives from seven of those. The research findings describe numerous possibilities for open data integration into companies’ business models and show that there is great economic potential for German companies willing to engage in open data reuse.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
One Side Two Extremity Places Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus

Inflamatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN), present as itchy, linear, erythematous, verrucous papules that develop at birth or during adolescence. ILVEN is a rare variant of verrucous epidermal nevus characterized by recurrent inflammatory events with chronic eczematous or psoriasiform aspect. It is very rare during adulthood. Diagnose made by clinical and histological examination. Differential diagnosis should be made with various dermatoses such as other epidermal nevi, linear psoriasis and lichen striatus. It is resistant to treatment. We found it appropriate to present a congenital onset of a 22 year old patient as a rare disease in routine.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional analysis of single mir172 mutants LDs and SDs.

&lt;p&gt;(A) Schematic depicting the structure of a representative “reference” miR172 precursor and the mutant forms generated using CRISPR-Cas-9 DNA editing. The orange, red, and green bars represent the coding sequences for miR172, miR172*, and the biogenesis site required for DCL1 cleavage, respectively. Truncation of these bars and opaque sections of the mutant mir172 precursor indicates the regions that were deleted via CRISPR-Cas-9 in &lt;i&gt;mir172a-2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;mir172b-3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;mir172c-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;mir172d-2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;mir172e-1&lt;/i&gt;. (B) A graph depicting the TLN of first generation transformants in a Col-0 background harboring a T-DNA containing only the UBQ10pro-3′OCS promoter-terminator cassette or expressing reference Col-0 or mutated versions of the indicated MIR172 gene under the control of the UBQ10pro-3′OCS cassette. (C, D) Graphs depicting the TLN and bolting times of WT and plants harboring single mir172 mutations in (C) LD and (D) SD conditions. Data underlying panels B–D are provided in &lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001043#pbio.3001043.s018" target="_blank"&gt;S2 Data&lt;/a&gt;. (E–G) Confocal laser scanning micrographs of the shoot apices of (E) MIR172A-NVG, (F) MIR172B-NVG, and (G) MIR172D-NVG transgenic plants grown in SD conditions and harvested at the indicated times after germination. Fluorescence from the Venus protein is artificially colored in green, and the fluorescence from the Renaissance dye is artificially colored in magenta. Cas-9, CRISPR associated protein-9; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; LD, long-day; NVG, NLS-Venus-GUS; SD, short-day; TLN, total leaf number; WT, wild-type.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of drug<i>–</i>drug interactions for oncology therapies: <i>in vitro–in vivo</i> extrapolation model‐based risk assessment

Aims Understanding drug – drug interactions ( DDI ) is a critical part of the drug development process as polypharmacy has become commonplace in many therapeutic areas including the cancer patient population. The objectives of this study were to investigate cytochrome P 450 ( CYP )‐mediated DDI profiles available for therapies used in the oncology setting and evaluate how models based on in vitro–in vivo extrapolation performed in predicting CYP ‐mediated DDI risk. Methods A dataset of 125 oncology therapies was collated using drug label and approval history information, incorporating in vitro and clinical PK data. The predictive accuracy of the basic and net effect mechanistic static models was assessed using this oncology drug dataset, for both victim and perpetrator potential of CYP3A ‐mediated DDI . Results The incidence of CYP3A ‐mediated interaction potential was 47%, 22% and 11% for substrates, inhibitors and inducers, respectively. The basic models for precipitants gave conservative predictions with no false negatives, whilst the mechanistic static models provided reasonable quantitative predictions (2.3–3‐fold error). Further analysis revealed that incorporating DDI at the level of the intestine was in most cases over‐predicting interaction magnitude due to overestimates of the rate and extent of oral absorption of the precipitant. Quantifying victim DDI potential was also demonstrated using f mCYP3A estimates from ketoconazole clinical DDI studies to predict the magnitude of interaction on co‐administration with the CYP3A inducer, rifampicin (1.6–3.3 fold error). Conclusions This work illustrates the utility and limitations of current DDI risk assessment approaches applied to a range of contemporary anti‐cancer agents, and discusses the implications for therapeutic combination strategies.

Topic: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Histopathology of intersexuality in mosquitoes

Abstract Masculine expressivity in several species of mosquitoes is dependent upon low larval rearing temperatures. At elevated temperatures femininity prevails in both sexual genotypes. This paper is concerned with the histological development of organs of genotypic males of Aedes stimulans (A. stimulans) and ix Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) before, during and after their determination to a specific sexual form. Intersexuality of homologous and nonhomologous organs was shown to arise in a manner that has not been previously reported in insects. Homologous organs develop similarly in the two sexes up to a critical stage, after which divergent morphogenesis commences. This critical period occurs at an earlier stage of ontogeny in males than it does in females. At elevated temperatures and during their period of plasticity, organs of genotypic males developed in a feminine manner. Determination began approximately at the time of divergent development. If the temperature remained high at this time, organs continued their feminine development, but if the temperature was lowered before feminine specialization, masculinity quickly ensued. Nonhomologous organs that are found only in males were present during ontogeny of larvae which were reared at elevated temperatures. These organs reached a high degree of juvenile masculine specialization during the larval period, but then histolyzed during pupal development. Nonhomologous organs that are present only in females were also studied. Primordia of the median oviduct, spermathecae and related feminine parts were the ones selected. In genotypic males which were reared at high temperatures, the primordia appeared at the same time and developed in the same manner as did those of a normal female. When larvae were reared at elevated temperatures just long enough to activate these primordia and were then exposed to low temperatures, the discs developed into masculine genital appendages of abdominal segment eight.

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Results of the Third Congress on Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery

After several years of waiting due to the “covid quarantine” and subsequent restrictions, we finally met. Epidemiological restrictions prevented the planned interim congress in 2021. The Third Congress on Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery was held in Moscow on March 15-17, 2023. Despite the widespread use of the online conference format, the Congress was attended by almost everyone who is in one way or another associated with functional and stereotactic neurosurgery in our country. International participation was also present despite the existing sanctions restrictions.

Topic: Anatomy and Medical Technology
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A GENERALIZED MODEL FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY AND DYNAMICS OF RANDOM SURFACES FOR d&gt;1

The possible interpretations of a new continuum model for the two-dimensional quantum gravity for d&gt;1 (d=matter central charge), obtained by carefully treating both diffeomorphism and Weyl symmetries, are discussed. In particular we note that an effective field theory is achieved in low energy (large area) expansion, that may represent smooth self-avoiding random surfaces embedded in a d-dimensional flat space-time for arbitrary d. Moreover the values of some critical exponents are computed, that are in agreement with some recent numerical results.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Sexed and Conventional Semen Use and Calf Sex on Milk Yield Parameters, Body Weight and Milk Electrical Conductivity in Holstein Cows

This study was designed to determine the effects of semen type and calf gender on milk yield parameters, milk electrical conductivity and milk flow values and postpartum maternal body weight. A total of 265 Holstein cows in the first lactation were used in the study. The effect of sperm type on maternal body weight levels after calving and milk electrical conductivity values was significant (P0.05). Heifers inseminated with sexed semen had higher 100-days milk yield, milk peak yield and postpartum maternal body weight in the first lactation. Milk peak duration was higher in heifers inseminated with conventional semen (P0.05). In conclusion, heifers inseminated with sexed semen had higher maternal body weights, 100-days milk yield, milk peak yields and milk electrical conductivity levels in the first lactation than inseminated with conventional semen

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pro-Apoptotic Changes in Brain Mitochondria After Toxic Exposure

Abstract : Mitochondria normally function to provide sources of energy for vital cellular functions. However, under stressful conditions these organelles may trigger events that lead eventually to cell death. Thus, mitochondria have been implicated as major contributors to neuronal death in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. In this report we provide evidence that certain mitochondrial toxins cause selective cell death in hippocampal subfield CA1 that has previously been shown to be selectively vulnerable to hypoxia/ischemia. We show also that selective changes in the redox activity of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides (NADH) may occur in subfield CA1 and show preliminary data of a new method designed to measure the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in intact cells. These dehydrogenases are responsible for mitochondrial NADH production. Data provided here provides no evidence that mitochondrial permeability transition occurs in hippocampal subfield CA1 following inhibition of mitochondrial function although we show pronounced elevation of intracellular calcium activity. Western blot analysis showed evidence of cytochrome c release from mitochondria suggesting that permeability transition is not required for release of this pro-paoptotic factor following toxin exposure.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences