jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three phase current reconstruction method using predictive current in three shunt sensing PWM inverter

When the vector control is performed using PWM three phase inverter in AC motor drive system, three phase current are obtained by measuring voltage between shunt resistors. The PWM inverter obtaining three phase current by shunt resistor is comparatively cheaper than the method that measures three phase current by Current Sensor. And it reduces the size of AC motor drive system. However, the method sensing the phase current using shunt resistor cannot perform the vector control in high motor speed since there is the area that cannot measure three phase current. In this paper, the boundary where phase currents cannot be obtained is defined and the method reconstructing the phase current is proposed by predicting phase current through load modeling in the area which phase current measurement is impossible. The proposed method can restore phase current up to maximum output voltage of SVPWM inverter in linear area and validity of proposed method is proved through simulation.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The body politic of independent Scotland

Abstract The creation of national personifications is a political act that informs us about ideological and cognitive strategies underpinning nation-building. Many European nations are associated with national personifications, but Scotland stands out by not having a tradition of representing the nation in this way. The 2014 independence referendum began to change that, and national personifications featured, not only in the main pro-independence campaign material, but in the visual profile of many new, radical organizations. These personifications also raise questions about the use of metaphor in political discourse. By combining multimodal metaphor and metonymy analysis with interviews with artists who have designed Scottish personifications for the independence movement, this article investigates how new Scottish body politic metaphors were constructed during the campaign. This methodology increases our understanding of the wider context of the referendum, and aids the interpretation of national personifications by providing arguments for interpretation. The analysis shows that body politic metaphors used in the campaign draw on traditional Scottish symbols, but traditional body politic metaphor types are subverted, typically concerning gender roles, in order to convey messages that are relevant in a contemporary political landscape.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of the Prognosis between pT3a Only Patients with Perirenal Fat Invasion and T1/T2 Patients, Respectively: Is It Necessary to Revise Stage T3a?

Purpose: As compared with pathologic stages T1 and T2, we aimed to investigate the difference of the prognosis for the patients with perirenal fat invasion (pT3a), and the patients were divided into two groups by the tumor size of 7cm.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Of the 503 patients who underwent an operation for renal cell carcinoma between June 1995 and April 2004, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 455 patients with T1, T2 and T3a stage renal cell carcinoma without adrenal invasion. We evaluated the cell type, the multifocality of the tumor, the nuclear grade, the presence of a sarcomatoid component and the coagulative histologic necrosis. We divided the patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma into two groups according to the tumor size of 7cm (Group 1; �돞7cm pT3a, Group 2; &gt;7cm pT3a). The overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. We used Student's t-test to compare each factors between groups 1 and 2 and the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The prognostic factors that had an influence on survival were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model in each group.\n\nResults: After the exclusion criteria (the presence of adrenal invasion in pT3a patients) were applied, 24 patients were in group 1, 23 patients were in group 2, 328 patients had pT1 disease and 80 patients had pT2 disease. The median follow-up was 45.4 months. When group 1 was compared to the pT1 group, there was no significantly difference of the estimated survival (p=0.21). There was a similar result when comparing the estimated survival between group 2 and the pT2 group (p=0.80).\n\nConclusions: No significant difference exists for the disease specific survival when patients with pT3a disease (Groups 1 and 2) are compared to the patients with either pT1 or pT2 disease. These findings reveal that patients with pT3a disease without adrenal invasion have similar outcomes to patients with either with pT1 or pT2 disease. Therefore, our result suggests that pT3a tumor should be re-classified according to tumor size into pT3a without adrenal invasion.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
???HOW I DO IT??????HEAD AND NECK AND PLASTIC SURGERY A Targeted Problem and Its Solution

Drainage des collections liquidiennes qui se forment sous les lambeaux cutanes apres l'intervention. Le systeme presente permet d'aspirer les caillots sanguins dans le catheter de drainage

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Conceptualizing the role of social accountability in public service delivery: a comparative study of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan

This chapter explores the effectiveness of social accountability initiatives in improving public service delivery in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Drawing upon relevant and contemporary literature, a conceptual model is developed in order to assess and compare the current state of social accountability in these three South Asian countries. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of social accountability initiatives for improving public service delivery depends on the synergy between demand and supply-driven mechanisms. There is also considerable impact of the political climate, the strength of civic groups and the appropriate institutional sphere on the outcomes of social accountability intervention.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Ethnobotanical Study of Enset (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ensete ventricosum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Welw) Cheesman) in Angacha Woreda, Kembata-Tembaro Zone, South Region, Ethiopia

An ethnobotanical study was conducted on enset (<i>Ensete ventrcosum</i> (Welw.) Cheesman) in Angacha Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone, South Region, Ethiopia. The study was aimed at documenting indigenous knowledge and practices on use and conservation of enset local varieties in South Region, Ethiopia. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews, discussion, direct field observation, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking and paired comparison techniques. A total of 154 locally known enset local varieties were documented. Nine enset local varieties ('Sisqela', 'Geshera', 'Direbo', 'Leqaqa', 'Sebera', 'Ongame', 'Gembewa', 'Abatmerza' and 'Sheleqe') were found to be the most popular local varieties, cited by more than 80% of the key informants. Direct matrix ranking showed that 'Ongame', 'Direbo' and 'Sisqela' as the top most culturally important enset local varieties. Diversification was found to be the traditional management and conservation strategy of the local people. Sixty two percent of the key informants cultivated and maintained about 15-56 enset local varieties to meet with their diversified demands (nutritional, fiber, fermentative quality, high yield and disease and drought resistance). The results in the present study indicate that the local people in the study areas have a rich knowledge on use, management and conservation of enset local varieties. Therefore, <i>in situ</i> conservation of enset local varieties in association with their uses should be encouraged and strengthened to ensure sustainable use of this multi-purpose plant.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Simeon and Other Women in Theodoret’s Religious History : Gender in the Representation of Late Ancient Christian Asceticism

This article explores the use of gender in the Religious History , demonstrating the multiple ways that Theodoret of Cyrrhus marked ostensibly male characters with traits associated in ancient medical literature with female bodies. Beyond simply depicting ascetics as extraordinary human beings, these complexly gendered portraits more importantly served as expressions of an argument Theodoret advanced elsewhere: that men and women shared a common human nature. Based on these observations, the article then offers an interpretation of the two bodily examinations performed upon Theodoret’s most influential character, Simeon the Stylite, namely that these scenes were carefully narrated to suggest that they were examinations of a female body. In conclusion, I argue scholars should consider the peculiar uses of gender in each ancient representation of early Christian asceticism, rather than assume early Christian texts only associated masculinity with excellence in ascetic practice.

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sequence-based typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 clinical isolates from Belgium between 2000 and 2010

Sequence-based typing (SBT) is a discriminatory method widely used to genotype Legionella pneumophila strains. A total of 86 clinical L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (sg1) isolates, collected between January 2000 and December 2010 in the two Belgian National Reference Centres for Legionella pneumophila, were genotyped using the internationally standardised SBT protocol of the European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI). The isolates could be classified into 31 different sequence types (ST, index of diversity: 0.879). The obtained STs were submitted to the EWGLI SBT-database for L. pneumophila. In our study, ST47 (27.9%) and ST1 (19.8%) were the most frequently detected STs. The detected profiles were a combination of both frequently isolated and unique STs, and of both worldwide distributed and more local strains. Two STs, ST880 and ST881, were new to the EWGLI database. In conclusion, we characterised L. pneumophila sg1 isolates with the SBT method, and created a Belgian profile database that will be useful for future epidemiological studies.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Discoidin domain receptor 2: a promising target for novel treatment of fibrosis

Human diseases resulting in fibrosis still remain a major health problem all over the world. Fibrosis occurs when wounds can no longer properly heal resulting in excessive scarring which can impair function of affected organs. Despite many studies, a lack of knowledge of the processes involving formation of fibrotic tissue and its pathogenesis still exists in addition to the need for novel therapeutic targets. One receptor in particular has been brought to the attention recently as a potential new target, namely discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2). In this thesis, the role of DDR2 in fibrosis was assessed by performing literature research. The structure, function, substrate specificity, downstream signaling effects and expression role in fibrosis of DDR2 and its potential as a therapeutic were investigated. DDR2 was found to be a key mediator of collagen deposition due to its ability to influence collagen type I in different ways. DDR2 was also found to be a key mediator of the behaviour of fibroblasts during fibrosis, regulating proliferation, migration, cell adhesion, ECM remodeling and apoptosis. Finally, the expression of DDR2 was found to display differences in progression of fibrosis among organs. In conclusion, DDR2 makes a promising, yet complex target for novel therapies regarding fibrosis.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Language Model Based Grammatical Error Correction without Annotated Training Data

Since the end of the CoNLL-2014 shared task on grammatical error correction (GEC), research into language model (LM) based approaches to GEC has largely stagnated. In this paper, we re-examine LMs in GEC and show that it is entirely possible to build a simple system that not only requires minimal annotated data (∼1000 sentences), but is also fairly competitive with several state-of-the-art systems. This approach should be of particular interest for languages where very little annotated training data exists, although we also hope to use it as a baseline to motivate future research.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Design of SVPWM Algorithm for Inverter Based on Pan-Boolean Algebra

In this paper, Pan-Boolean algebra is designed in SVPWM algorithm for inverter.The switch control of the conventional SVPWM algorithm is expressed by the Pan Boolean algebra, which named the Pan-Boolean control SVPWM algorithm.The results of simulation test in MATLAB Simulink and physical model test show that the proposed SVPWM algorithm for inverter based on Pan-Boolean control is correct and effective.So this paper has important significance for studying the inverter control algorithm by using the logic algebra method.

Topic: Advanced Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Silage of the By-Products of Mollar de Elche and Wonderful Pomegranate Varieties Preserves Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Activity of Ruminant Feed

The valorization of agro-industrial by-products for their use in animal feed leads to a reduction in inputs, creating the opportunity to optimize the sustainability of the agri-food chain, a priority of the SDG 2030 strategy; it also leads to a reduction in production costs. The objective of this study was to examine the changes that occur during the silage process of the pomegranate varieties Mollar de Elche (PDO) and Wonderful in terms of their nutritional and antioxidant characteristics for subsequent use in ruminant feed. Microsilos were created with the by-products of these two different pomegranate varieties. Two different microsilos for each variety were monitored on days 0 (raw material), 14, 35, 60, and 180. The variables studied included microbiology tracks, fermentation products, pH, dry matter (DM), macronutrient composition, organic acid and sugar contents, and antioxidant activity. The results show that, for both varieties, the silage process was successful; the stability of the fermentation process was determined by day 35, and its viability was ensured for a minimum period of 6 months. Furthermore, the nutritional characteristics of the raw material were preserved in the ensiled product. An evaluation of the total phenols and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH) showed that they remained stable throughout the monitoring period, despite the decrease in bioactive compounds (total phenols) at the end of the study period. It was concluded that silage is an effective preservation method for the by-products of Mollar de Elche and Wonderful pomegranate varieties, and its outcome presents valuable potential as a sustainable nutritional resource for ruminants.

Topic: Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The Development of Social Understanding in Children with Visual Impairments

This article reports on the performance of 16 visually impaired children, aged 4–12, on tasks designed to assess their understanding of false belief, a central aspect of social understanding. The study found that the development of understanding of another's false belief is delayed in children with severe visual impairments and that the degree of vision loss seems to be a key variable in that development.

Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 4179: Id3 generated cancer stem-like cells: A microvascular niche for the development of glioma

Abstract Pro-angiogenic vascular stem cells and angiogenesis are key events in the process of glioma formation. Vascular lesions that arise from a focal budding of endothelial cells have been associated with a poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme. Hyper-proliferative endothelial lesions are common in patients with severe brain tumors, however, little is known about the relevance of vascular stem cells in the development of these lesions. We tested the hypothesis that the overexpression of the inhibitor of DNA binding and differentiation protein 3 (ID3) reprograms the molecular signature of endothelial cells to stem-like cells; and we hypothesize that these stem-like cells participate in the development of vascular lesion formation in glioma. We generated ID3 overexpressing cells using the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3; and determined the effect of ID3 on molecular stem-like signature and vascular lesion formation. ID3 overexpressing cells resided more in the G0/G1 phase and showed a significantly higher level of stem cell markers CD34, CD133, Oct-4, and Sox-2 than wild-type cells. ID3 overexpressing cells also showed a significant increase in VEGFR3, an endothelial growth factor receptor that has been previously reported to correlate with tumor grade of malignant gliomas. In addition, ID3 overexpressing cells showed increased levels of Pyk2, a kinase that has been shown to control glioma cell migration. In the 3-D culture model, we observed that ID3 was essential for the growth of endothelial spheroids. Our findings demonstrate that ID3 generated vascular stem-like cells have the capacity to participate in vascular lesion formation and that vascular stem-like molecular signatures are regulated in part by ID3. Furthermore, the correlation of ID3 overexpression with an increase in VEGFR3 and Pyk2 suggests the importance of ID3 in malignant glioma endothelium. Assessing ID3 in malignant gliomas on a functional level may enable a better understanding for how the microvascular niche contributes to the development of glioma. A better understanding of how microvascular lesions depend on ID3 may open new avenues for the prevention and treatment of glioma. Citation Format: Jayanta Das, Quentin H. Felty. Id3 generated cancer stem-like cells: A microvascular niche for the development of glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4179. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4179

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PCD Reamer for Machining Cylinder Head

PCD cutting tools have been widely used in manufacturing main automobile parts such as Al-alloy cylinder head and block. Being used PCD cutting tools, the cutting efficiency and precision of the machined parts could be increased. 4 blades PCD reamer used for reaming Al-alloy cylinder head has been development. Results showed that the tool life of this reamer is 2 times than the similar tools made by German company, the surface roughness is Ra0.2, better than the required Ra0.8, the cylindricity is 0.003, better than the required 0.006.

Topic: Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Short Cf-Fm and Fm-short CF Calls in the Echolocation Behavior of<i>Pteronotus macleayii</i>(Chiroptera: Mormoopidae)

Echolocation signals were recorded from the Macleay's bat (Pteronotus macleayii) while hunting for insects in the field. Search, approach and terminal phases were identified in the foraging activity of the species. During search phase, P. macleayii emitted calls consisting of a short CF component followed by a downward FM sweep (sCF-FM), typical of the small Pteronotus species. In addition, FM-sCF calls were recorded. In search flight some sequences consisted only of sCF-FM calls while others consisted only of FM-sCF calls. Most sequences, however, combined both call designs. Based on this and previous studies we suggest that sCF-FM and FM-sCF calls will characterize the vocal repertoire of each of the small Pteronotus species. We discuss the relevance of our results for acoustic identification of P. macleayii and the other small Pteronotus in the field.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantifying a tide-dominated, wave-, and river-influenced delta in Miocene facies of the Niger Delta basin

ABSTRACT The modern Niger Delta has long been classified as a mixed tide-, wave-, and river-influenced delta. Still, no detailed studies have quantified the relative proportions of formative processes and facies. This work presents the first quantitative estimate of the relative influence of formative processes in Miocene deposits based on core data from the Greater Ughelli, Central Swamp, and Coastal Swamp depositional belts of the Niger Delta basin. Facies analysis of 288.2 m of core from four wells shows approximately 53% tidal facies, 33% fluvial facies, and 14% wave-formed facies, indicating deposition in a prograding tide-dominated, wave-, and river-influenced delta. Cores from the Greater Ughelli and Central Swamp depobelts exhibit coarsening-upwards, prograding deltaic facies successions overlain by fluvial mudstone. Tidal deposits in the Coastal Swamp depobelt show coarsening-upwards prograding deltaic facies successions with well-developed tidal bundles indicating seasonal deposition. The basal part of these facies successions also reveals repeated floods characterized by slump and load structures and dewatering features. Delta-plain and delta-front–prodeltaic facies associations are identified based on physical sedimentary and biological structures. The delta-plain facies association consists of weakly bioturbated mudstone, fissile mudstone, and coarse-pebbly stratified sandstone facies with sparse trace fossils. The delta-front–prodeltaic facies association contains muddy and sandy heteroliths, stratified, medium and coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstone, and convoluted mudstone facies. The facies vary but characteristically contain trace-fossil assemblages of the recently proposed Rosselia and Phycosiphon Ichnofacies, indicating delta-front and prodeltaic settings, respectively. Variability in the facies is determined by the relative influence of hydrodynamic processes (tide, wave, and river), variations in physicochemical stress, and the episodic character of deposition. In addition, based on the relative influence of each hydrodynamic processes, the facies differ through the successions, sometimes subtly.

Topic: Geological formations and processes
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences