jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Diabetes/Hidradenitis Suppurativa Comorbidity—A Population-Based Study

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) share several metabolic and inflammatory dysfunctions. Prior studies of the potential link between the diseases either lacked validated T1D diagnoses or established only an indirect association. This study sought to determine the odds of HS developing in patients with a validated diagnosis of T1D and to characterize the clinical features of HS/T1D comorbidity. Methods: A population-based nested case-control study was conducted including patients with HS and controls matched 5:1 for age, sex, and primary care clinic. T1D was diagnosed using a specialized algorithm, achieving 90% accuracy. Diagnostic validity was confirmed by diabetes specialists who manually reviewed a random subset of the files. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR/aOR) were calculated to determine the odds of incident HS in patients with T1D. Results: The study included 10,919 patients with HS and 53,314 controls. A history of T1D was associated with an elevated odds of new-onset HS (OR 1.80 95% CI (1.30–2.40), p &lt; 0.001), even after adjusting for demographics and metabolic and autoimmune comorbidities (aORs &gt; 1.7, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with HS/T1D comorbidity had higher proportions of autoimmune conditions than patients with HS alone (p &lt; 0.001) and a higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score than both patients with HS alone (3.5 vs. 0.9, p &lt; 0.001) and T1D alone (3.5 vs. 2.2, p = 0.004). Conclusions: T1D is associated with higher odds of the subsequent development of HS. Awareness of HS/T1D comorbidity is recommended owing to the elevated burden of metabolic and autoimmune conditions.

Topic: Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Treatments
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experimental Investigation on Fire Resistance of CES Columns Subjected to 3-Side Heating

Results of experimental study on fire resistance of four concrete encased steel (CES) columns are presented. The four columns have the same steel section and reinforcements but different load intensity and load eccentricity, which were the key factors for fire resistance of CES columns under fire condition. The tested results are utilized to study the effect of various parameters on thermal and structural response of CES columns. Spalling of CES columns under fire condition are also investigated. Test results show that CES columns under 3-side heating have higher fire resistance than that under 4-side heating. Also, load ratio and load eccentricity have noticeable influence on the fire resistance of CES columns. In addition, spalling of concrete decreases the fire resistance of CES columns.

Topic: Fire effects on concrete materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Clitopilus fuscogelatinosus</i> and <i>Rhodocybe carlottae</i>, new species in the Entolomataceae (Agaricales) from Canada

Clitopilus fuscogelatinosus sp. nov. is described in section Pleurotelloides Singer. The type was on rotting coniferous wood in coastal Newfoundland. Rhodocybe carlottae sp. nov., with a second colour variety, var. vinacea, is described in section Rhodophana (Kühner) Singer. Both varieties were found in coniferous forests on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.

Topic: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Acetic Acid Enables Precise Tailoring of the Mechanical Behavior of Protein-Based Hydrogels

Engineering viscoelastic and biocompatible materials with tailored mechanical and microstructure properties capable of mimicking the biological stiffness (<17 kPa) or serving as bioimplants will bring protein-based hydrogels to the forefront in the biomaterials field. Here, we introduce a method that uses different concentrations of acetic acid (AA) to control the covalent tyrosine-tyrosine cross-linking interactions at the nanoscale level during protein-based hydrogel synthesis and manipulates their mechanical and microstructure properties without affecting protein concentration and (un)folding nanomechanics. We demonstrated this approach by adding AA as a precursor to the preparation buffer of a photoactivated protein-based hydrogel mixture. This strategy allowed us to synthesize hydrogels made from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and eight repeats protein L structure, with a fine-tailored wide range of stiffness (2-35 kPa). Together with protein engineering technologies, this method will open new routes in developing and investigating tunable protein-based hydrogels and extend their application toward new horizons.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Pedagogical Value of “Obvious” Questions in Introductory Physics

Each time students engage in a classroom activity, they make tacit interpretations (about the nature of those activities) that influence how they reason and ultimately what they learn. For example, a student answering a physics question on a worksheet might draw on her everyday thinking to help make sense of the physics, or she might not even consider everyday thinking if its usefulness was not readily apparent. For many physics instructors, the reconciliation of everyday thinking and formal physics knowledge is part of what it means to fully understand physics.1 Despite this, many students do not see reconciling these two things as what they are supposed to do in the classroom. Often we see students whose interpretation of physics class causes them to “turn off” their everyday thinking. In this article, we argue for the importance of attending closely to whether students are reconciling their everyday and formal physics thinking and introduce “obvious” questions as a tool that can help instructors assess whether such reconciliation is taking place.

Topic: Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Perception of teachers on the role of learning aids in teaching of English in Starehe sub-county, Nairobi county, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers‟ perception of the role of learning aids in teaching English in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County. The study was conducted in 16 schools randomly selected in the Sub-County. Data was collected from 50 teachers who taught English by use of questionnaires. The findings revealed that the use of learning aids in teaching is advantageous to both the teacher and the students. Their use reduces the talk and chalk method of teaching. They study also established that teachers improvised teaching aids to improve their content delivery in class. The study established that teachers used relevant and quality instructional materials to teach their lessons. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education should help teachers of English to design packages (software) materials that could be used in teaching to enhance academic performance in English at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examinations level. This venture should be supported by the Government and other educational stakeholders in order to make learning more interactive and learner centered.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
C. David Benson. Imagined Romes: The Ancient City and Its Stories in Middle English Poetry. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. Pp. 216. $89.95 (cloth).

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Shear responses of $[\bar{1}\,1\,0]$ -tilt {1 1 5}/{1 1 1} asymmetric tilt grain boundaries in fcc metals by atomistic simulations

The shear response of the -tilt and -tilt (1 1 5)/(1 1 1) asymmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs) in fcc metals Cu and Al has been studied by atomistic simulation methods with the embedded atom method interatomic potentials and with a bicrystal model. It is found that the structure of the GBs studied can be well described by the coincidence site lattice (CSL) theory. Shear of these GBs at room temperature along eight different directions within the GB plane shows that these two types of GBs can transform between each other by the formation of a coherent twin boundary. The structure transformation of the GBs can also take the form of GB sliding, GB sliding–migration coupled motion, GB faceting, GB 9R structure formation, etc, depending on the shear directions adopted and the material involved (Cu or Al). The detailed structure transformation mechanisms have been analyzed with the aid of the CSL–DSC (displacement shift complete) theory. Several structure transformation paths adherent to these two types of GBs have been identified for the activation of the GB sliding–migration coupled motion. It is concluded that, although CSL–DSC theory can be applied to describe the sliding–migration coupled motion of the GBs studied, some other effects such as the shear direction within the GB plane and the bonding characteristics of the materials should also play a significant role in the shear response of these GBs.

Topic: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coronavirus isolation from nasal swab samples in cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease after shipping

Objective To monitor the prevailing viral respiratory tract infections in cattle after transportation to feedlots. Animals 100 cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease on arrival at 2 feedlots. Procedures Nasal swab samples were obtained from each animal and were used for inoculation of defined cell culture systems that detected bovine viruses known to cause respiratory tract infections, as well as viruses previously not recognized as respiratory pathogens for cattle. Results Bovine respiratory coronaviruses were isolated from 38 of the 100 cattle, including 6 of 50 cattle from California, 22 of 31 cattle from Oklahoma, 6 of 11 cattle from Texas, and 4 of 8 cattle of unknown origin. Parainfluenza 3 viruses also were isolated from 4 California cattle, but other bovine viruses were not detected. Clinical Implications The high rate of coronavirus isolations from feedlot cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease implied wide distribution and high susceptibility among cattle to this infection, which had not been detected by use of viral isolation systems in previous etiologic evaluations of feedlot cattle affected with bovine respiratory disease complex. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:1452-1455)

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nanoparticle-Mediated Stabilization of a Thin Polymer\nBilayer

We show that an unstable thin polymer\nbilayer comprising a polystyrene\n(PS) top and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bottom layer remains completely\nstable on a non-wettable, hydrophobized silicon wafer substrate, even\nafter 600 h of thermal annealing at a temperature that is higher than\nthe glass transition temperature (&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;G&lt;/sub&gt;)\nof both the polymers, when thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)\nare added only to the PS top layer at a concentration (&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NP&lt;/sub&gt;) ≈ 10.0% (wt. of NP/wt. of polymer). We also\nshow that in films with &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NP&lt;/sub&gt; as low as\n2.5%, the bottom PMMA layer becomes completely stabilized while the\ntop PS layer undergoes partial dewetting, the extent of which progressively\nreduces with an increase in &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NP&lt;/sub&gt;. X-ray\nreflectivity (XRR) studies reveal that the AuNPs added to the top\nPS layer migrates toward the film–substrate interface within\na few minutes of thermal annealing, imparting stability to the bottom\nPMMA layer. On the other hand, in films with a higher &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NP&lt;/sub&gt; ≈ 10.0%, particles are also seen to accumulate\nin the vicinity of the free surface, in addition to the film–substrate\ninterface, resulting in complete stabilization of the bilayer. The\nextracted electron density profile from XRR shows that the AuNPs accumulate\nboth at the free surface as well as at the film–substrate interfaces.\nGrazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) suggests the\nformation of an in-plane ordering of Au–polymer–Au clusters\nat the polymer–air and polymer–substrate interfaces\nwith thermal annealing, which plays a pivotal role in arresting the\ndewetting of the bilayer by strengthening the interfaces. The novelty\nof the technique reported here lies in complete stabilization of an\nunstable bilayer by adding particles only to the top layer. This technique\nis likely to be helpful in obtaining stable multicomponent ultrathin\nfilms even on non-wettable surfaces.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Horatosphaga serrifera: Bazelet, C. &amp; Naskrecki, P.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diabetes Distress Among Dyads of Patients and Their Health Supporters: Links With Functional Support, Metabolic Outcomes, and Cardiac Risk

Abstract Background Patients with diabetes (PWD) often experience diabetes distress which is associated with worse self-management and glycemic control. In contrast, PWD who receive support from family and friends (supporters) have better diabetes outcomes. Purpose To examine the associations of PWD diabetes distress and supporters’ distress about PWDs’ diabetes with supporters’ roles and PWD cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We used baseline data from 239 adults with Type 2 diabetes and their supporters participating in a longitudinal trial. PWD and supporter diabetes distress (high vs. low) were determined using the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale-5. Outcomes included PWD-reported help from supporters with self-care activities, supporter-reported strain, PWD metabolic outcomes (glycemic control [HbA1c], systolic blood pressure [SBP], and non-HDL cholesterol) and 5 and 10 year risk of cardiac event (calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study algorithm). Results PWDs with high diabetes distress were more likely to report that their supporters helped with taking medications, coordinating medical care, and home glucose testing (p’s &amp;lt; .05), but not more likely to report help with diet or exercise. High supporter distress was associated with greater supporter strain (p &amp;lt; .001). High supporter diabetes distress was associated with higher PWD HbA1c (p = .045), non-HDL cholesterol (p = .011), and 5 (p = .002) and 10 year (p = .001) cardiac risk. Conclusions Adults with high diabetes distress report more supporter help with medically focused self-management but not with diet and exercise. Supporter distress about PWD diabetes was consistently associated with worse outcomes. PWD diabetes distress had mixed associations with their diabetes outcomes.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of acute and subacute toxicities and genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the lyophilized extract of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) mattos leaves in wistar rats

Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos is a Brazilian native plant species used in a popular medicinal tea for treating gastrointestinal, urinary, and dermatological pathologies. This study evaluated the toxicity of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos via acute and subacute toxicity tests. It also analyzed mutagenic and genotoxic potentials by the micronucleus test, which detects genetic material damage indicating mutagenicity, and the comet assay, which assesses DNA damage levels as a genotoxicity indicator. The plant extract initially originated from the ultrasonic maceration of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos leaves in a hydroethanolic solution. The involved animals were adult Wistar rats. Ten females were available to evaluate acute toxicity and estimate the LD50, receiving a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity evaluation used 35 females and 35 males divided into seven groups: negative control (saline control – SC), positive control (cyclophosphamide control – CC), 125 mg/kg (125), 250 mg/kg (250), 500 mg/kg (500), 1000 mg/kg (1000), and the satellite group (ST). Genotoxicity and mutagenicity experiments applied bone marrow micronucleus and comet assays. Acute and subacute toxicity tests did not present behavioral, physical, and physiological changes (p≥0.05). Administering the Campomanesia sessiliflora (O.Berg) Mattos extract reduced spleen size in male and female animals, without histopathological changes. However, doses above 500 mg/kg showed significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects in the comet and micronucleus assays compared to the control group. The extract did not exhibit acute or subacute toxicity, but doses higher than 500 mg/kg indicated some level of genotoxicity and mutagenicity.

Topic: Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cinema and development in West Africa

Acknowledgments Introduction: Cinema as Art and Industry 1. The Cinema Industrial Complex in French West Africa to the 1950s 2. The Colonialist Regime of Representation, 1945-1960 3. West African Anti-Colonial Film Politics, 1950s-1960s 4. The Post-Colonial African Regime of Representation 5. The West African Cinema Industrial Complex, 1960s-1975 Postscript: Francophone West African Cinema to the Present Notes Bibliography Index

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Representation and approximation by series of continuous functions

Let X be a topological space and let C (X) be the ring of all real-valued continuous functions defined on X. In this paper, we study the representation and approximation of continuous functions by sums of infinite series. Among other results, we give sufficient conditions in order to represent or approximate every continuous function by infinite series of functions, belonging to a previously fixed subfamily of C (X), when X is either a locally compact paracompact space or a Lindlöf space

Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The EGFR Protein Expression and the Gene Copy Number Changes in Renal Cell Carcinomas

BACKGROUNDThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be involved in many tumor promoting activities. EGFR inhibition has been tried as a therapeutic modality in many human malignancies.METHODSThe expression of EGFR protein and the gene copy number changes were studied in 135 clear cell carcinomas and 16 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and these tumors were diagnosed between 1995 and 1997.RESULTSAn EGFR protein expression (2+ and 3+) was found in 54.1% of the clear cell RCCs and in 43.8% of the papillary RCCs. In the clear cell RCCs, its expression was associated with male gender, the tumor size (> or =4 cm) and high T stages (T2 and T3), with statistical significance. Trisomy and polysomy of the EGFR gene were found in 27 (25.7%) and 40 (38.1%) of 105 clear cell RCCs, respectively. Trisomy and polysomy were correlated with an EGFR protein expression and a high clinical T stage, with statistical significance. Among 15 papillary RCCs, 13 tumors showed trisomy (86.7%) and one showed polysomy (6.7%). Amplification was not found in both the clear cell and papillary type RCCs.CONCLUSIONSA considerable numbers of RCCs showed an overexpression of EGFR protein and increased EGFR gene copy numbers, yet the clinical significance of conducting a FISH study in RCC patients seems to be limited.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STEM-28. TARGETING KIF11 TO RADIOSENSITIZE GLIOBLASTOMA

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and is incredibly lethal, with less than 10% of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. These tumors are routinely treated with radiotherapy, although we and others have shown that there is a subpopulation of GBM cells, called cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), that are radio-resistant, and do not respond to this standard therapy. We aim to overcome the radio-resistance of GBM CSCs by using radiotherapy in combination with a KIF11 inhibitor. We previously reported that the mitotic kinesin KIF11, required for bipolar spindle formation during mitosis, is elevated in GBM and portends poor prognosis. We also demonstrated that invasiveness and self-renewal of CSCs could be targeted with ispinesib, a small molecule inhibitor to KIF11. Furthermore, survival of mice bearing orthotopic glioblastoma was prolonged with KIF11 inhibition, although tumor burden increased with cessation of treatment. To combat tumor recurrence after treatment cessation, we proposed to use a KIF11 inhibitor with radiotherapy. KIF11 inhibitors will arrest cells in G2/M, where they are most sensitive to radiotherapy. By enriching CSCs in G2/M, we hypothesized that we would overcome CSC radio-resistance to decrease CSC viability and improve survival. We first tested the efficacy of combining a KIF11 inhibitor and irradiation in vitro. We found that using combination therapy to treat CSCs significantly decreased CSC survival over vehicle or either treatment used as a monotherapy. We then investigated the effects of combination therapy in vivo. Using a KIF11 inhibitor combined with irradiation increased survival of mice bearing orthotopic glioblastoma. Our results suggest that targeting KIF11 in combination with radiotherapy is a promising technique to overcome the radio-resistance of CSCs, and holds potential to significantly improve treatment outcomes and extend survival of patients with GBM.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Leaving Theravāda Buddhism in Myanmar

This chapter examines narratives of Burmese Buddhists who have left the "traditional" Theravāda Buddhism in Burma, into which they were born, for the teachings – stamped "heretical" and illegal by the state – of a dissident Buddhist monk, Ashin Nyāna. His teaching is claimed to represent the Buddha's original doctrine, in contrast to the allegedly later and corrupt Theravāda Buddhism. Based on fieldwork in Myanmar, the aim of this chapter is to – using various theoretical and analytical frameworks – investigate interlinked deconversion and conversion narratives of my informants divided into three different groups, based on their attitudes (secular, devotional, or spiritual seekers) and the kind of Buddhist practice in which they were mainly engaged before converting.

Topic: Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences