jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influencial factors of the performance of interferon-c release assays in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis

Diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in chil- dren remains difficult. This study aimed at evaluating the ability of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the detection of active TB in human immunodeficiency virus- negative children vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin and investigating the effect of prednisolone treatment on the IGRAs performance. Among the 162 children with suspected TB disease recruited in China, 60 were tested with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-GIT) and 102 were tested with T-SPOT.TB. QFT-GIT presented a sen- sitivity of 83.9 % (95 % CI 66.9-93.4 %) and a specificity of 88.5 % (95 % CI 70.2-96.8 %), while T-SPOT.TB had a sensitivity of 75.9 % (95 % CI 63.4-85.2 %) and a specificity of 94.7 % (95 % CI 81.8-99.5 %). The positive predictive value was high in both assays, 92.9 % for QFT- GIT and 95.7 % for T-SPOT.TB. In total of these two kinds of IGRAs, false negative rate was significantly higher in children receiving systemic prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) therapy for(1 week (two tested with T-SPOT.TB and five tested with QFT-GIT) than in those with B1 week of prednisolone therapy and without prednisolone therapy (57.1 vs. 18.3 %, p = 0.035). There was no significant difference of the positive rate of both tests in children \5 years old compared with those C5 years old. Both types of IGRAs showed good diagnostic values in detecting childhood TB before microbiological evidence was avail- able. Glucocorticoids had a significant negative influence on IGRAs if treated for(1 week. Age made no difference on the performance of these tests in children.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Associations of Aggressive and Prosocial Behaviors With Friendship Quality Before and After the Transition to Secondary School

This study examined associations of aggressive and prosocial behaviors with perceived support and negativity in children’s best friendships before and after the transition to secondary school (N= 1,073; 49.2% girls). Teachers rated children’s aggressive and prosocial behaviors in grades 1, 3, 4, and 6 of primary school. In grade 6 and the first 2 years of secondary school, children rated perceived support and negativity with their best friend. Growth curve analyses showed that increasing aggression combined with infrequent prosocial behavior predicted lower perceived support at the end of primary school and beyond, albeit only for girls. In contrast, high aggression combined with frequent prosocial behavior was unrelated to perceived support and conflict for both sexes. These results suggest that prosocial behaviors may be beneficial to buffer the effects of aggression on perceived support and conflict with the best friend, particularly for girls.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF FORCE LIMITER TO THE INJURY SEVERITY BY USING A 3-POINT BELT AND DRIVER AIR BAG IN FRONTAL COLLISIONS

This study asks if it possible to obtain both the thoracic injury mitigating benefits of an air bag only restraint and the all-impact-direction benefits of the belt from a restraint system combination by adding a force limiter to the shoulder belt. For this reason, tests with force limiters were performed. The force limiter with the level of 4 kN showed, through examination of the chest band contours, a more bag like uniform compression of the chest and reduces therefore the injury risk. Non or AIS 1 injuries were found in the cervical spine and AIS 0 to AIS 1 was observed in the thorax, even in the age range 60 to 65 years. The chest compression amounts to 4 to 8 cm, and the resultant vertebral accelerations were in the average 30 to 40 g's; at these levels the thorax of the most cadavers remained uninjured or an injury severity of AIS 2 was observed. It is concluded that when a driver side air bag is combined with a 3-point belt system that limits the torso belt loop load to 4 kN, additional injury mitigation benefits for both the cervical spine and the thorax are obtained in frontal collisions. [A] For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896528.

Topic: Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comprehensive review on the utilization of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) as dietary meals in aquaculture

Abstract The escalating demand for sustainable aquaculture practices aligns with the growing global need for protein-rich and eco-friendly feed alternatives. This review explores the potential of housefly larvae (HFL), Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), as an innovative and sustainable replacement for traditional fish meal in aquaculture. Beyond nutritional benefits, incorporating HFL into aquafeeds enhances fish growth, immune responses, digestive health, hematobiochemical health, and antioxidant capacities, as well as improves fillet quality, while mitigating environmental impacts associated with conventional feed sources. HFL rearing presents a circular economy solution, transforming organic waste into valuable protein sources and contributing to ecological sustainability. The review also examines the challenges associated with HFL-based feeds, including nutrient variability due to substrate differences, regulatory constraints, and consumer acceptance barriers. To fully realize HFL’s potential, future research should focus on optimizing rearing methods, improving processing efficiency, and ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards. This sustainable approach could transform aquaculture, supporting global food security while maintaining environmental balance.

Topic: Insect Utilization and Effects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Move Statistics-Based Traffic Classifiers Online

A number of recent works have proposed using data mining and machine learning techniques to classify traffic flows based on statistical flow characteristics. Most of these classifiers work offline, since full-flow statistics are not available until a flow is finished. Therefore, it is usually too late to take actions for online deployment. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective technique to make these classifiers workable online. The idea is that different applications will show distinct traffic patterns from the very beginning of the flow, and so using statistics extracted from the first few packets can distinguish applications. Preliminary result shows that our method can achieve high flow accuracy, just a bit lower than using full-flow statistics. Using fewer packets per flow is promising, since it not only enables early classification and can easily apply to most of the existing classifiers, but also saves memory and computing power.

Topic: Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predicting Persistent Opioid Use after Hand Surgery: A Machine Learning Approach

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of machine learning to predict persistent opioid use after hand surgery. Methods: The authors trained 2 algorithms to predict persistent opioid use, first using a general surgery data set and then using a hand surgery data set, resulting in 4 trained models. Next, the authors tested each model’s performance using hand surgery data. Participants included adult surgery patients enrolled in a cohort study at an academic center from 2015 to 2018. The first algorithm (Michigan Genomics Initiative model) was designed to accommodate patient-reported data and patients with or without prior opioid use. The second algorithm (claims model) was designed for insurance claims data from patients who were opioid-naive only. The main outcome was model discrimination, measured by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results: Of 889 hand surgery patients, 49% were opioid-naive and 21% developed persistent opioid use. Most patients underwent soft-tissue procedures (55%) or fracture repair (20%). The Michigan Genomics Initiative model had AUCs of 0.84 when trained only on hand surgery data, and 0.85 when trained on the full cohort of surgery patients. The claims model had AUCs of 0.69 when trained only on hand surgery data, and 0.52 when trained on the opioid-naive cohort of surgery patients. Conclusions: Opioid use is common after hand surgery. Machine learning has the potential to facilitate identification of patients who are at risk for prolonged opioid use, which can promote early interventions to prevent addiction.

Topic: Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1229 Standardising Consent for General Surgical Patients

Abstract Aim Informed consent requires all material risks to be discussed, as per Montgomery vs Lanarkshire 2015. This audit was based on the latest RCS England guidelines on consenting patients. We aimed to assess our adherence and to introduce standardised procedure-specific consent stickers to ensure the highest standards of care, which were reproducible. Method We undertook two retrospective case note reviews of patients undergoing emergency and elective general surgery procedures from 01/01-15/06 and 01/10-30/11 in 2020. RCS Good Surgical Practice 3.5.1 “Consent” details the standards for this audit. We included patients undergoing appendicectomy, cholecystectomy, incision and drainage and hernia repair (inguinal, umbilical, and incisional). We did not audit laparotomy due to variability in procedural risks precluding a specific sticker and we excluded patients unable to give consent. Results Our initial audit of 82 patients highlighted the variability between practitioners in the material risk discussion. Different patients undergoing the same procedures were being consented differently with significant omissions. We designed procedure specific-consent stickers to be used when consenting to address this imbalance and made these stickers available on surgical wards. A re-audit of 50 patients showed increase from 41% to 88% in documentation of material risks. While only 34% of the audited consent forms featured the stickers, those forms that did have the stickers on had 100% material risk documentation. Conclusions We saw an improvement in material risk discussion by implementing procedure-specific consent stickers. This supports the growing need for standardising consent across General Surgery to reduce variability. We will next aim to design laparotomy stickers.

Topic: Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Hemodynamic Effects of Dopamine in Septic Shock With and Without Acute Renal Failure

Owing to its high carrier mobility and saturation velocity, graphene has attracted enormous attention in recent years In particular, high-performance graphene transistors for radio-frequency (r.f.) applications are of great interest. Synthesis of large-scale graphene sheets of high quality and at low cost has been demonstrated using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods14. However, very few studies have been performed on the scaling behaviour of transistors made from CVD graphene for r.f. applications, which hold great potential for commercialization. Here we report the systematic study of top-gated CVD-graphene r.f. transistors with gate lengths scaled down to 40¿nm, the shortest gate length demonstrated on graphene r.f. devices. The CVD graphene was grown on copper film and transferred to a wafer of diamond-like carbon. Cut-off frequencies as high as 155¿GHz have been obtained for the 40-nm transistors, and the cut-off frequency was found to scale as 1/(gate length). Furthermore, we studied graphene r.f. transistors at cryogenic temperatures. Unlike conventional semiconductor devices where low-temperature performance is hampered by carrier freeze-out effects, the r.f. performance of our graphene devices exhibits little temperature dependence down to 4.3¿K, providing a much larger operation window than is available for conventional devices.

Topic: Renal function and acid-base balance
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transpersonal approaches

Transpersonal approaches within therapy have grown from a variety of roots and alliances. The green movement in politics joins loosely and intermittently with the human potential movement in psychotherapy, feminism and mystical traditions in religion. The result brings together arts, humanities and social sciences. Capra, Zukav and Bohm argue that this transpersonal vision is consistent with modern physics. It speaks of the 'quiet revolution', in values and actions, away from materialism, egocentricity and impersonal organizations, and towards spiritual regeneration and more humanized living. At one extreme, this 'new age' may hover among broken down caravans and bedraggled travellers. At another, it has been celebrated by smash-hit, million-seller writer-prophets on an international lecture circuit. It speaks of cooperation rather than confrontation, and the abandonment of attachment to conventional personal and social identity.

Topic: Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
10.5840/jbee2011815

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transvenous embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula via the inferior ophthalmic vein: illustrative case

BACKGROUND A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with right eye redness, proptosis, orbital fullness, and blurry vision. She had initially been diagnosed with an orbital pseudotumor, and the symptoms worsened over a course of steroids. Computed tomography angiography raised concern for a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), which was subsequently confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. OBSERVATIONS She underwent fistula coil embolization via the internal maxillary artery and inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV). At the 2-month follow-up, she reported complete resolution of diplopia, orbital fullness, and proptosis. An ophthalmology examination revealed normal visual fields bilaterally. LESSONS CCF embolization is rarely performed through the IOV, with only 5 reported cases in the literature. This case demonstrates that the procedure can be easily performed if the anatomy is favorable over the superior ophthalmic vein, with the illustration of good cosmetic outcomes. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24183

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reconciling Subculture and Effects Studies: What Do Students in Australia Want to Know About Media Cultures?

This chapter presents some data from a research project on contemporary undergraduate media, which suggests this approach addresses the struggle critical media research faces in coming to terms with shifts in media and tertiary education. It begins by explaining how Youth Subcultures framed media influence, and its relation to teaching and researching the social impact of the media. Angela McRobbie, whose engagement with subcultural studies was foundational to the development of both feminist and critical empirical media research, has complained of scholars and students who are too ready to celebrate the play' of popular culture, and too reticent to investigate the global economic conditions of exploitation that this play disguises. The survey gauged how students felt about studying media influence broadly, the research that studies the circumstances where access to media does not enhance the well-being of young people then to assess how these reactions varied according to gender, nationality, career aspiration and media tastes.

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Universality in Two‐dimensional Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnets

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polyneuropathy inoccult hypothyroidism

Summary A patient whodeveloped symptoms andsigns ofa polyneuropathy wasfoundtohavehypothyroidism, though thisdiagnosis wasnotclinically suspected. Treatment withthyroxine resulted inresolution ofhis symptoms andrestored hisnerveconduction studies tonormal.

Topic: Neurological and metabolic disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Community-acquired antimicrobial resistance: is it controllable?

Antimicrobial agents were introduced into medical use about 50 years ago. Since then, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired pathogens has increased rapidly worldwide. The relationship between antibiotic use and resistance is strongly supported by data from several studies. In Spain, the resistance rates for community-acquired pathogens are among the highest in Europe and coincide with a high consumption of antimicrobial agents. In contrast, in Finland, after a nationwide reduction in the use of macrolides for outpatient therapy, there has been a significant decline in the frequency of erythromycin resistance among group A streptococcal isolates. The control of community-acquired antimicrobial resistance is a challenge for the future and will require the early detection of resistance genes through global and local surveillance, prompt containment of resistant pathogens, and judicious use of antimicrobials.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardioprotective Effects of Magnesium Sulfate in Patients Undergoing Primary Coronary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Magnesium sulfate as an adjunct to primary coronary intervention shows favorable functional outcomes in patients with AMI.

Topic: Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Suppressive Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Rich Fraction from Perilla on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Metastasis Ability in A549 Cells Exposed to PM via C-Jun, P-65-Nf-Κb and Akt Signaling Pathways

Particulate matter from forest fires (PMFF) is an environmental pollutant causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer cell metastasis due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Perilla seed meal contains high levels of polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid (RA). The aim of this study is to determine the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-metastasis actions of rosmarinic acid rich fraction (RA-RF) from perilla seed meal and its underlying molecular mechanisms in A549 cells exposed to PMFF. PMFF samples were collected via the air sampler at the University of Phayao, Thailand, and their PAH content were analyzed using GC-MS. Fifteen PAH compounds were detected in PMFF. The PMFF significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9 activity, invasion, migration, the overexpression of c-Jun and p-65-NF-κB, and Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, the RA-RF significantly reduced ROS production, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and COX-2. RA-RF could also suppress MMP-9 activity, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation activity of c-Jun, p-65-NF-κB, and Akt. Our findings revealed that RA-RF has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastasis properties via c-Jun, p-65-NF-κB, and Akt signaling pathways. RA-RF may be further developed as an inhalation agent for the prevention of lung inflammation and cancer metastasis induced by PM exposure.

Topic: Natural Products and Biological Research
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data Supplement from Personalized Medicine for Patients with Advanced Cancer in the Phase I Program at MD Anderson: Validation and Landmark Analyses

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2. Distribution of Molecular Alterations by Diagnosis (II)&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
On Family Tradition and Education and Cultivation of Teenagers' Values

Teenagers are the important object of socialist core values education, and the cultivation of their values has always been a momentous part of contemporary moral education.Family is an important place for young people to develop correct values and learn the truth of life, and family tradition and education is related to the whole family atmosphere, so it is of great significance for the cultivation of young people's values.However, parents often do not pay attention to the inheritance of good family tradition in their daily life, and their bad behaviors and habits often have subtle psychological impacts on teenagers.With the continuous advancement of the socialist core values education, family education and the cultivation of teenagers' values has become more significant.Therefore, targeted research is needed to ensure the cultivation of their correct values. The Relationship between Family Tradition and Education and the Cultivation of Teenagers' Values The subtle influences of parents' behaviors and mentality on teenagersFamily is a life organization composed of marriage relationship, blood relationship and adoption relationship.Parents and children are two equal parties in family life.However, since parents have more knowledge and richer experience than teenagers, their upbringing and guardianship responsibilities naturally affect the spiritual and material life of their children.In particular, the full opening of the two-child policy means greater financial pressure and responsibilities for parents, and it also indicates that they must undertake more social responsibilities.The two-child policy has virtually put a lot of pressure on many families.Family education is one aspect [2] .The current family education, to a large extent, is a supplement to school education.As teenagers spend most time in school receiving education on scientific and cultural knowledge, they lack understanding of family concepts and education.At the same time, parents also pay more attention to "raising" than to "teaching".Their doting on and pampering children have fostered "little emperors" and "little princesses".It can be seen that their behaviors have a subtle influence on teenagers.Parents are the main personnel that teenagers contact and also the starting point of their social practice.Their behaviors and mentality play an important role in the development of teenagers' cognitive level.The placid and calm attitude and obedient behaviors of parents can increase the acceptance and understanding of

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences