jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the gut of Octopus (Octopus spp.) and mussel (Perna indica)

Seafood constitutes an important food component for a large section of world Population. They come after meat and poultry as staple animal protein. Sea food are prone to bacterial contamination, especially in filter feeding bivalves such as mussel and oysters which constitute a filtration system and, therefore, are ideally suited to trap all bacteria and viruses (AdebayoTayo 2011). They are also found in invertebrates like Octopus, Squids, Cuttlefish, Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters etc (Adeleye et al., 2010). Vibrios are most commonly associated with sea food as natural contaminants. They are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, curved rods with a single polar flagellum. Among the members of this genus, 12 species have been reported pathogenic to humans and 8 of them are associated with food borne infection of the gastro intestinal tract. Most of the foods borne infections are caused by V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus(Oliver and Kaper, 1997; Dalsgaard, 1998), V. alginolyticus, V. mimicus, V. fluvalisand V. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 543-551 http://www.ijcmas.com

Topic: Vibrio bacteria research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rôle des hétéromères DAR/NMDAR et de la signalisation nucléaire dépendante du calcium dans les adaptations induites par la cocaïne

Drugs of abuse hijack reward processing by increasing dopamine (DA) in the mesolimbic system, especially in the striatum, which persistently alters glutamate (Glu) transmission and triggers long-lasting behavioral adaptations. The integration of DA and Glu signals in the striatum is achieved by DA and Glu receptors present in medium-size spiny neurons (MSN). Our laboratory has previously shown that the physical interaction between DA receptor (DAR) and GluN1 subunit of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDAR) was necessary for the facilitation of NMDAR functions by DA. In this study, we showed that blocking the physical interaction between DAR and NMDAR in vivo alters the sensitizing and rewarding effects of cocaine. Moreover, blocking DAR and GluN1 interaction also alters the facilitation of NMDAR-dependent Ca2+ influx towards the nucleus by DA. Nuclear calcium (nucl-Ca2+) dependent signaling is a key route linking neuronal activity changes to gene transcription in multiple models of long-lasting neuroadaptations, but its role in response to drugs of abuse is unknown. In this thesis, we showed that nucl-Ca2+ dependent signaling has a central role in cocaine-induced molecular, cellular and behavioral adaptations, therefore contributing to a better understanding of the molecular basis of addiction.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Axillary lymph node metastasis from an occult breast cancer

Twenty-nine cases were reviewed in which carcinoma manifested first as the enlargement of an axillary node from an occult breast carcinoma. A small hidden breast cancer was identified in 16 patients. In the remaining 13, the breast tumor was never discovered. Regardless of whether the primary tumors were discovered, the metastasis-free survival rates were comparable to those of patients with breast carcinoma with axillary nodal metastasis. The authors recommend that carcinoma found in an axillary node should be treated as a breast cancer, even in the absence of the breast tumor. Extensive investigative procedures in an attempt to uncover an extramammary primary site were largely unproductive and should either be omitted or performed selectively. Mammography, if positive or suspicious, can lead to the primary tumor in 75% of the patients, but, when negative, it does not necessarily exclude the breast as the source of the carcinoma. A carcinoma of the breast was found by pathologic examination in 44% of the patients with negative mammograms.

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Two-dimensional system approximation using interval coefficients

We study the stability of a complex 2-D system characteristic polynomial g(s/sub 1/,s/sub 2/)=/spl Sigma//sub k1=0//sup m1//spl Sigma//sub k2=0//sup m2/ gk/sub 1/k/sub 2/s/sub 1//sup k1/s/sub 2//sup k2/ with interval coefficients g/sub k/1k/sub 2//spl isin/[g/sub -k1k2/,g/sub k1k2/] for each (k/sub 1/,k/sub 2/). It is hoped that such a study would be of help in ensuring the stability part of the approximation problem for 2-D systems with variable parameters. In order to solve the above problem, we derive Kharitonov (1979) type estremum polynomials for complex two-variable very strict Hurwitz interval polynomials.

Topic: Digital Filter Design and Implementation
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterise the acceleration and sprint profiles of elite football match play in one Norwegian elite football team (Rosenborg FC). Fifteen professional players in five playing positions took part in the study ( n = 101 observations). Player movement was recorded during every domestic home game of one full season ( n = 15) by an automatic tracking system based on microwave technology. Each player performed 91 ± 21 accelerations per match, with a lower number in the second compared with the first half (47 ± 12 vs. 44 ± 12). Players in lateral positions accelerated more often compared to players in central positions (98.3 ± 20.5 vs. 85.3 ± 19.5, p &lt; 0.05). Average sprint distance was 213 ± 111 m distributed between 16.6 ± 7.9 sprints, with no differences between first (106 ± 60 m, 8.2 ± 4.2 sprints) and second halves (107 ± 72 m, 8.3 ± 4.8 sprints). Players in lateral positions sprinted longer distances (287 ± 211 m vs. 160 ± 76 m, p &lt; 0.05) and tended to sprint more often (21.6 ± 7.8 vs. 13.0 ± 5.7, p = 0.064) compared to players in central positions. We found more walking and less of the more intense activities during the last third of the season compared to the first. The main finding in this study was that Norwegian elite players had substantially less number of accelerations and fewer but longer sprints than previous studies reported for higher‐ranked leagues. Also, less high‐intensity activity was found towards the end of the season. Ultimately, these data provide useful information for the fitness coach (1) in planning of position‐specific football training and (2) to avoid the decline in high‐intensity activities the last third of the competitive season.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Statistical learning and the critical period: how a continuous learning mechanism can give rise to discontinuous learning

Infants and children are generally more successful than adults in learning novel languages, a phenomenon referred to as a critical or sensitive period for language acquisition. One explanation for this critical period is the idea that children have access to a set of language learning processes or mechanisms unavailable to adults. From this perspective, developmental change is explained in terms of a discontinuity of learning processes. We suggest that this is not the only possible explanation for developmental change in language learning outcomes. Instead, we propose that the mechanisms underlying language acquisition (in particular, we highlight statistical learning) are largely continuous across the lifespan. From this perspective, developmental change is explained in terms of experience, differences in the input with age, and maturational changes in the cognitive architecture supporting learning, even while the learning process itself operates continuously across developmental time. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:276–288. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1394 This article is categorized under: Linguistics &gt; Language Acquisition Psychology &gt; Language

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from A Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances the Antitumor Activity of B7-H3–Specific CAR T Cells in Solid Tumors

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies with solid malignancies prompted us to test whether epigenetic therapy could enhance the antitumor activity of B7-H3.CAR T cells with several solid cancer types.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We evaluated B7-H3 expression in many human solid cancer and normal tissue samples. The efficacy of the combinatorial therapy with B7-H3.CAR T cells and the deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with several solid cancer types and the potential underlying mechanisms were characterized with &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiments.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;B7-H3 is expressed in most of the human solid tumor samples tested, but exhibits a restricted expression in normal tissues. B7-H3.CAR T cells selectively killed B7-H3 expressing human cancer cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. A low dose of SAHA upregulated B7-H3 expression in several types of solid cancer cells at the transcriptional level and B7-H3.CAR expression on human transgenic T-cell membrane. In contrast, the expression of immunosuppressive molecules, such as CTLA-4 and TET2, by T cells was downregulated upon SAHA treatment. A low dose of SAHA significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of B7-H3.CAR T cells with solid cancers &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;, including orthotopic patient-derived xenograft and metastatic models treated with autologous CAR T-cell infusions.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our results show that our novel strategy which combines SAHA and B7-H3.CAR T cells enhances their therapeutic efficacy with solid cancers and justify its translation to a clinical setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paleontology as a circumstantial evidence lawsuit

The question if historical sciences (such as geology and paleontology) as well as biology have universal laws is an ongoing subject of debate. Paleontology, a science overlapping with geology and biology, cannot fulfil the strict requirements of an empirical science and its criterion of demarcation in the sense of logical empiricists. Like in natural sciences such as physics, the scientific reasoning in paleontology as a historical science contains the four steps: (1) observation/description/measurement; (2) classification; (3) establishment of laws, rules and interpretations; and (4) establishment of principles. Two conclusions are of special importance: (1) evolution is proposed here as a regulative idea for paleontology and (2) historical sciences have to be understood as hermeneutic. That confronts them with the hermeneutical circle but they are nevertheless scientific.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Does peer tutoring in kindergarten exist? Thinking around the tutoring concept.

The article reviews the definitions of the tutoring concept in preschoolers relationships. Can we qualify the relationships of preschool children in learning situations as tutoring? Or maybe a different name would be more suitable for them? Preschoolers are used to learning in a different way than adults and older children. They prefer learning mimicking or playing. They obtain knowldge occasionally an unintentionally. In turn, definitions of tutoring quite precisely contain formulated fortifications that a little child is not able to meet yet. Immaturity of the nervous system limit the level and length of attention span of little child and relatively small, compared to school children and adults number of social experiences can seriously hamper the classification of situations in which children learn from each other as tutoring. While the generally understood master-student relationship, associated with tutoring, is quite often noticeable during childhood collaboration and play in which one child can do more than the other, the more detailed assumptions of tutoring are not as accessible to the observer. For example, it is difficult to talk about the regularity or planned nature of children's relationships. The definition of tutoring also sets specific expectations regarding the teacher's skills, among which are: high interpersonal competences, commitment to the relationship with the mentee, professionalism and responsibility. From a preschool child who would play the role of a teacher, it is difficult to demand fluent speech, not to mention professionalism and regularity. A preschool child, who just start to learn numbers, is often unable to orient himself in time, which makes it difficult or even impossible to plan and systematize his activities. Little child needs adult help in this area.

Topic: Education and Cultural Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of fiber characteristics of &lt;i&gt;Musa &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;balbisiana&lt;/i&gt;, M&lt;i&gt;usa &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;paradisiaca&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; and Musa &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;sapientum&lt;/i&gt; pseudo-stalks for pulp and paper production

Fiber characteristics of Musa balbisiana, Musa paradisiaca and Musa sapientum pseudo-stalks were investigated. Fiber characteristics such as fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen width, and cell wall thickness were measured in the macerated banana pseudo-stalk by microscopy. Slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient (%) and Runkel ratio were also determined from these microscopic measurements. Mean value of the properties evaluated for Musa sp. respectively were as follows: Fiber length- 2.96mm; Fiber diameter- 21.71µm; Lumen width- 13.55µm; Cell wall thickness- 3.86µm; Flexibility ratio- 66.35%; Runkel ratio- 0.66 and Relative fiber length- 159.12. Based on the findings of this study the Musa sp. pseudo stalk is suitable for pulp and paper production due to its high quality of fibers.

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hexyl acetate in SD rats

Hexyl acetate (CAS No. 142-92-7) is a naturally occurring ester compound that has a fruity odor. Despite its frequent use as a nature-identical flavoring agent, there are limited repeated dose toxicity data for hexyl acetate. Here we performed a 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hexyl acetate in male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats under GLP regulations. Hexyl acetate was given orally by gavage at doses of 0, 100, 300, or 1,000 mg/kg/day using corn oil as the vehicle. No significant toxicological changes in general condition, body weights, food intake, ophthalmology, hematology, organ weights, and histopathological findings were observed in any groups. Urinalysis revealed occult blood in two male animals treated with 1,000 mg/kg/day hexyl acetate, and one showed red blood cells in the urine sediment. Furthermore, blood biochemistry showed a significant increase in inorganic phosphorus levels in males treated with 1,000 mg/kg/day hexyl acetate. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of hexyl acetate was 300 mg/kg/day for males and more than 1,000 mg/kg/day for females.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computer Network Security under the Cloud Computing Technology Environment

Abstract The development of network technology has changed the traditional network application mode to coordinate all kinds of data and resources effectively. It brings about the improvement of computer computing ability, data processing ability and storage ability, and offers users a new and optimized usage experience by improving the ability of computer network service. However, the construction of cloud computing technology environment also causes people to worry about the network security, and the problem of computer network security under cloud computing technology environment can not be underestimated. The top priority is to speed up the research and development of defense technology, improve the risk response system, consciously enhance the awareness of security protection, and be answerable for dealing with network risk with multi-pronged measures. This work mainly discussed the problems of computer network security under cloud computing technology environment from aspects of encryption technology, authorized accessing, network monitoring, and consciousness awakening, expecting to provide guidance and reference for computer network security response under the background of cloud computing.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Russia's security policy under Putin: a critical perspective

This book examines the evolution of Russia’s security policy under Putin in the 21st century, using a critical security studies approach.&#13;\n&#13;\nDrawing on critical approaches to security the book investigates the interrelationship between the internal-external nexus and the politics of (in)security and regime-building in Putin’s Russia. In so doing, it evaluates the way that this evolving relationship between state identities and security discourses framed the construction of individual security policies, and how, in turn, individual issues can impact on the meta-discourses of state and security agendas. To this end, the (de)securitisation discourses and practices towards the issue of Chechnya are examined as a case study.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn so doing, this study has wider implications for how we read Russia as a security actor through an approach that emphasises the importance of taking into account its security culture, the interconnection between internal/external security priorities and the dramatic changes that have taken place in Russia’s conceptions of itself, national and security priorities and conceptualisation of key security issues, in this case Chechnya. These aspects of Russia’s security agenda remain somewhat of a neglected area of research, but, as argued in this book, offer structuring and framing implications for how we understand Russia’s position towards security issues, and perhaps those of rising powers more broadly.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis book will be of much interest to students of Russian security, critical security studies and IR.

Topic: European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bond graph model based design of supervision algorithm for distributed fault tolerant control systems

For distributed analytical model based fault detection, some additional signals besides those required for distributed process control are required to evaluate residuals. This paper presents a graphical means of identifying those signals for design of a supervision system by analysing the causal structure in the bond graph model of a process. The global fault isolation scheme is initially implemented at a central monitoring system based on the alarm states generated at distributed controlling units. In safety critical systems, to minimise dependence on network communication, causality analysis is used to identify appropriate sensors that lead to information decoupling between various localised units of the process. Consequently, each controlling unit, called a smart station, is able to perform its own fault isolation and Fault Tolerant Control (FTC). The central monitoring system is used only for supervision of interfaces between different smart stations and operator mode management.

Topic: Fault Detection and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and Implementation of an Embedded Intelligent Instrument for Pure Electric Vehicles

In order to deal with the dissatisfaction of traditional automobile instruments applied in pure electric vehicles, an automobile intelligent instrument is designed to meet new requirements of the pure electric vehicles by combining the embedded development board with the embedded configuration software MCGS. In this instrument, the hardware development platform is developed to communicate with the main controller of vehicles by extending CAN bus interfaces on the embedded development board, the main control chip of which is S3C2440. Moreover, the embedded configuration software MCGS is adopted to achieve the software design of the instrument system. Compared with traditional automobile instruments, the intelligent instrument is of high reliability, high precision and diversifications in display interfaces and can be installed in pure electric vehicles as a universal instrument.

Topic: Embedded Systems and FPGA Design
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences