jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Hindi-Urdu Verb - A guided tour - Hindi and Urdu edition

This guide steers you through the main verb tenses and constructions of Hindi-Urdu. The aim is to focus on the verbs separately from the other language elements that are covered in course books and grammars. The grammatical explanations use roman script, so as to be readable by all. Technical terminology is fully explained, or avoided whenever possible. A broader treatment of Hindi grammar and style will be found in the Introduction to my forthcoming Reader in Hindi Autobiographical Writing; I can supply a draft if you’re interested. English translations of the example sentences in this guide are not always literal, as there are major differences between English and Hindi-Urdu idiom, and the rhetoric of one language does not always translate straightforwardly into another. Special thanks to Shilpa Parnami, Vidhu Chaturvedi, Akbar Hyder, and Azeem Haider.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Enzymatic Wet Processing

Conventional textile wet processing is characterized by a high concentration of chemicals and very high temperatures, which can have considerable negative effects on the environment and energy consumption. Enzymes are one of the paramount interests in textile wet processing towards sustainable development and low energy consumption. Enzymes have been successfully used in many textile processes such as desizing, bio scouring, biopolishing, and bio stoning. Different studies also describe how enzymes could be used for the decolorization of dyes from textile effluents. There is evidence of improved dyeability of different fibers like cellulose and nylon when treated with enzymes before dyeing. In this chapter, the history, definition, functions, and different types of enzymes will be discussed. Enzymes used in different textile processes such as pretreatment, washing, and fishing will be described briefly. This chapter will also give insight into the enzymes used for the decolorization of dyes from the effluent, and for increasing the dyeability of cotton and nylon fibers.

Topic: Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stabilization of juxtza-articular hand fractures with the miniexternal fixateur

Juxta-articular hand fractures can be stabilized using miniexternal fixation. The fixateur maintains fracture reduction because of “ligamentotaxis.” In representative case example half-frame mountings are appiled and left in place for 4 weeks. Patients have intensive physical therapy to restore joint mobility. Review of 109 cases including 49 closed fractures and 29 open fractures showed 84% good-to-very-good result. Miniexternal fixation appears to offer advantages over cast or other operative treatments for juxta-articular hand fractures.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Materials Data on RbCOF3 by Materials Project

RbCOF3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb1+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent O2- and seven F1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.01 Å. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.27 Å. C4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to one O2- and three F1- atoms. The C–O bond length is 1.23 Å. There are a spread of C–F bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.47 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Rb1+ and one C4+ atom. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Rb1+ and one C4+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Rb1+ and one C4+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one C4+ atom.

Topic: Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Streamlining Regulatory Processes with Blockchain Technology: Case Studies and Best Practices

This article explores the capacity of blockchain technology to simplify regulatory procedures, utilising examples and successful methods from different sectors. The paper provides a thorough comprehension of how blockchain technology might improve regulatory efficiency, transparency, and accountability by analysing practical implementations and drawing insights from past experiences. The essay commences by presenting a comprehensive outline of blockchain technology and its distinctive attributes, encompassing smart contracts, consensus methods, and cryptographic hashing. Subsequently, the text delves into the difficulties and advantages of incorporating blockchain technology for regulatory objectives, emphasising its capacity to offer immediate and transparent access to information, safeguard data exchange, and streamline compliance verification. The case studies are provided as examples to demonstrate the tangible uses of blockchain technology in regulatory procedures. Notable examples of blockchain -based systems include Walmart and IBM's supply chain management system, which focuses on ensuring food safety and traceability. J. P. Morgan's Quorum platform is designed to enhance regulatory compliance in the financial services sector. MediLedger's blockchain network aims to improve regulatory compliance and supply chain transparency in the pharmaceutical industry. Lastly, Bernstein has developed a blockchainbased patent system to streamline the patent registration and enforcement process. The essay also presents recommended methods for incorporating blockchain technology into regulatory procedures, highlighting the significance of cooperation and agreement formation, uniformity and compatibility, confidentiality and protection of data, and adherence to regulatory standards and supervision. The essay recognises the obstacles and constraints associated with blockchain technology, such as scalability and performance concerns, the everchanging legal and regulatory frameworks, and the requirement for technical expertise and infrastructure.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utilization of used human immunodeficiency virus ELISA microplates & surplus reagents for HIV antibody testing.

Used non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplates were washed and reused to test samples and positive and negative controls, utilising the surplus reagents provided with the kit, which otherwise would have been discarded as useless after the entire 960 test kit had been utilized. These surplus reagents could be used for additional 220 tests over and above the recommended 960 tests per kit. A total of 839 unknown serum samples, 54 negative controls and 36 positive controls were tested using both washed and fresh (new) ELISA plates simultaneously. The optical density (OD) value of the control sera was within the prescribed limits in both the methods and 15 samples were found to be positive for HIV antibodies by the fresh plates whereas the washed plates showed 18 samples to be positive for HIV antibodies. None of the samples positive by fresh plates were negative by washed plates.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Livestock Product Attributes Produced at Mountainous Pasture: Focusing on the Beef

As the importance of animal welfare livestock grows in Korea, various kinds of government support programs for revitalizing ecological livestock industry are in effect. In particular, the promotion of livestock industry using mountainous pasture has been one of them. However, the biggest question is whether mountainous livestock is profitable, which is an important research topic that needs to be analyzed empirically. In this regard, we attempt to measure the value of livestock products produced at mountainous pasture, by estimating willingness to pay (WTP) for attributes of the beef sirloin using choice experiment (CE) method. The analysis result shows that consumers have greater WTP for the product when the grade of beef is higher, produced using mountainous pasture, and when it is from Hanwoo. What’s worth noticing is that WTP for the produced-using-mountainous-pasture attribute is estimated to be even larger than WTP for the grade and Hanwoo attribute. Such results serves as one of the evidences that producing beef at mountainous pasture might be a profitable business model if continuous efforts by both the private sector and the government to secure the economic viability of mountainous livestock are pursued.

Topic: Diverse Topics in Contemporary Research
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Estrogen Receptor α Regulates β-Cell Formation During Pancreas Development and Following Injury

Identifying pathways for β-cell generation is essential for cell therapy in diabetes. We investigated the potential of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling for stimulating β-cell generation during embryonic development and in the severely injured adult pancreas. E2 concentration, ER activity, and number of ERα transcripts were enhanced in the pancreas injured by partial duct ligation (PDL) along with nuclear localization of ERα in β-cells. PDL-induced proliferation of β-cells depended on aromatase activity. The activation of Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) gene expression and β-cell growth in PDL pancreas were impaired when ERα was turned off chemically or genetically (ERα−/−), whereas in situ delivery of E2 promoted β-cell formation. In the embryonic pancreas, β-cell replication, number of Ngn3+ progenitor cells, and expression of key transcription factors of the endocrine lineage were decreased by ERα inactivation. The current study reveals that E2 and ERα signaling can drive β-cell replication and formation in mouse pancreas.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Dual Targeting of Insulin Receptor and KIT in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations are compelling therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and treatment with the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor imatinib is the standard of care for patients with metastatic GIST. Most GISTs eventually acquire imatinib resistance due to secondary mutations in the KIT kinase domain, but it is unclear whether these genomic resistance mechanisms require other cellular adaptations to create a clinically meaningful imatinib-resistant state. Using phospho-RTK and immunoblot assays, we demonstrate activation of KIT and insulin receptor (IR) in imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines (GIST430 and GIST48) and biopsies with acquisition of &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; secondary mutations, but not in imatinib-sensitive GIST cells (GIST882 and GIST-T1). Treatment with linsitinib, a specific IR inhibitor, inhibited IR and downstream intermediates AKT, MAPK, and S6 in GIST430 and GIST48, but not in GIST882, exerting minimal effect on KIT phosphorylation in these cell lines. Additive effects showing increased apoptosis, antiproliferative effects, cell-cycle arrest, and decreased pAKT and pS6 expression, tumor growth, migration, and invasiveness were observed in imatinib-resistant GIST cells with IR activation after coordinated inhibition of IR and KIT by linsitinib (or &lt;i&gt;IR&lt;/i&gt; shRNA) and imatinib, respectively, compared with either intervention alone. IGF2 overexpression was responsible for IR activation in imatinib-resistant GIST cells, whereas IR activation did not result from &lt;i&gt;IR&lt;/i&gt; amplification, &lt;i&gt;IR&lt;/i&gt; mutation, or KIT phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of IR and KIT warrants clinical evaluation as a novel therapeutic strategy in imatinib-resistant GISTs. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(18); 5107–17. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Presence of Poly(A) Tails at the 3'-Termini of Some mRNAs of a Double-Stranded RNA Virus, Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a new member of the genus Fijivirus, is a double-stranded RNA virus known to lack poly(A) tails. We now showed that some of SRBSDV mRNAs were indeed polyadenylated at the 3' terminus in plant hosts, and investigated the nature of 3' poly(A) tails. The non-abundant presence of SRBSDV mRNAs bearing polyadenylate tails suggested that these viral RNA were subjected to polyadenylation-stimulated degradation. The discovery of poly(A) tails in different families of viruses implies potentially a wide occurrence of the polyadenylation-assisted RNA degradation in viruses.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sampling the spatial variability of grassland soil properties

The properties of grazed grassland soils are frequently degraded in tropical areas. The objective of this work was to review the literature on the theory and results of sampling and analysis of the spatial variability of grassland soil properties worldwide and in Ecuador. The methodology, results, and discussion of 15 articles were reviewed, available in the databases: Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scimago Journal &amp; Country Rank, Dialnet, and SpringerLink, and the respective theory of 5 books. It was found that worldwide there are soil sampling works that evaluate the spatial variability of their properties, while at the national level, the samples do not consider such variability. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research in Ecuador on the spatial variability of soil properties with grasslands, allowing reliable decisions to be made for their management and conservation.

Topic: Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A4582 Study o4n the safety of the washout application of Verapamil Hydrochloride Sustained-release Tablets

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of application of Verapamil Hydrochloride Sustained-release Tablets in the washout period Methods: From 2013–3 months to 2017–8 months in our department were examined by RAS before discontinuation of other antihypertensive drugs, taking only Vera Pammy sustained-release tablets screening in patients with 2972 people, according to the different dosage (1–4 tablets) were divided into 4 groups, 4 groups were observed in patients with adverse reactions after taking drugs and blood pressure, heart rate changes, observe the clinical data Results: Wash out a total of 329 people have adverse reactions, including allergic atrioventricular block 1 people, 2 people, 183 people constipation, orthostatic hypotension and headache of 75 passengers, 125 passengers, other adverse reactions (gingival edema and blush) 63 times, wash out the adverse reactions of patients in the Pharmacopoeia statistical range, the occurrence of adverse reactions. With the crowd and the dose of the drug is cleared when there is no obvious difference between the antihypertensive effect and heart rate changes Conclusion: The application of Vera Pammy elutional sustained-release tablets, good safety, no absolute contraindication in case of normal use

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Kota Tangerang Nomor 7 Tahun 2005, tentang Pelarangan Pengedaran dan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol

Formation, Regional Regulation of Tangerang City, Supervision of Cancellation Revocation, Process of Formation of Regional Regulation of Tangerang City Number 7 of 2005, Is it in accordance with Law Number 10 of 2004, concerning Formation of Regulations Per Act and their Implementation, such as Planning, Preparation, Engineering Preparation, Formulation, Discussion, Ratification, Promulgation and Dissemination, but there are Chapters and several Articles, in particular Chapter III concerning Sales and Use Circulation, which are Prohibition or Violation, Article 3 Paragraph (1), Article 4 Letter a, b and c , Article 5 Paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 6 and Article 7 and Chapter VIII, concerning Criminal Provisions, Article 13 Paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and (4) the nature of the sanctions in the form of criminal threats and fines for violators of regional regulations, it turns out to be very contradictory to the Criminal Code Chapter I, concerning Violations of Public Security for People or Goods and Health, Article 492 Paragraphs (1) and (2), in terms of criminal threats and fines for violators of the Criminal Code. in fact it is not as firm as Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2005. What is the Mechanism of Supervision, Revocation and Cancellation, Formation of Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2005, based on Law Number 32 of 2004, concerning Regional Government and Law No. 22 of 2003, concerning the Position Structure MPR, DPR, DPD ·and DPRD Province, Regency and City. This research is a normative legal research which is descriptive and the data is analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research is that the process of formation, supervision, revocation and cancellation is in accordance with Law No. 10 of 2004, Law No. 32 of 2004 and Law No. 22 of 2003.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The amino-terminal domain of the v-fms oncogene product includes a functional signal peptide that directs synthesis of a transforming glycoprotein in the absence of feline leukemia virus gag sequences

The nucleotide sequence of a 5' segment of the human genomic c-fms proto-oncogene suggested that recombination between feline leukemia virus and feline c-fms sequences might have occurred in a region encoding the 5' untranslated portion of c-fms mRNA. The polyprotein precursor gP180gag-fms encoded by the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus was therefore predicted to contain 34 v-fms-coded amino acids derived from sequences of the c-fms gene that are not ordinarily translated from the proto-oncogene mRNA. The (gP180gag-fms) polyprotein was cotranslationally cleaved near the gag-fms junction to remove its gag gene-coded portion. Determination of the amino-terminal sequence of the resulting v-fms-coded glycoprotein, gp120v-fms, showed that the site of proteolysis corresponded to a predicted signal peptidase cleavage site within the c-fms gene product. Together, these analyses suggested that the linked gag sequences may not be necessary for expression of a biologically active v-fms gene product. The gag-fms sequences of feline sarcoma virus strain McDonough and the v-fms sequences alone were inserted into a murine retroviral vector containing a neomycin resistance gene. Both constructs were biologically active when transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and produced morphologically transformed foci at equivalent efficiencies. When transfected into a cell line (psi 2) expressing complementary viral gene functions, G418-resistant (Neor) cells containing either of these vector DNAs produced high titers of transforming viruses. Analysis of proteins produced in cells containing the vector lacking gag gene sequences showed that gP180gag-fms was not synthesized, whereas normal levels of both immature gp120v-fms and mature gp140v-fms were detected. The glycoprotein was efficiently transported to the cell surface, and it retained wild-type tyrosine kinase activity. We conclude that a cryptic hydrophobic signal peptide sequence in v-fms was unmasked by gag deletion, thereby allowing the correct orientation and transport of the v-fms gene product within membranous organelles. It seems likely that the proteolytic cleavage of gP180gag-fms is mediated by signal peptidase and that the amino termini of gp140v-fms and the c-fms gene product are identical.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Distributed Java applets for project management on the Web

The rapid evolution of our data communications infrastructure is making distributed projects increasingly viable. Without a common infrastructure, computer-supported collaborative tools for distributed teams have been prohibitively expensive to build and maintain. However, the increasing availability of the Internet is enabling companies to develop cost-effective collaborative solutions. Traditional desktop project management software is designed as a single-user tool that lets the project manager track tasks, milestones and deliverables. As teams spread over geographic distances with multiple centers of control, the communication, coordination, and tracking of ongoing project activity become key issues for project success. This article looks beyond the traditional planning focus of project management applications to a network-centric focus on collaboration. It describes the implementation of ActionPlan, a 100 percent Java-based application from Netmosphere that supports real-time collaboration among Java thin clients to facilitate distributed project management.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Electron paramagnetic resonance of ZnS:Sc<sup>2+</sup>

The isotropic EPR spectrum of Sc2+ ions (3d1 configuration) in ZnS crystals has been measured at 9.3 GHz and 4.2 K during optical excitation. The parameters of the spin hamiltonian were determined to a first approximation.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unconventional food regeneration in space - Opportunities for microbial food production

The possible role of microbial species in regenerating food is considered, and three areas where microbial systems can be used in controlled ecological life support systems are discussed. Microbial species can serve as the biological portion of hybrid chemical/biological schemes for primary food products, as a means more fully to utilize waste materials from agronomical food production, and as a source of nutritional supplements to conventional plant foods. Work accomplished in each of these areas is described. The role of microgravity fermenters in this technology is addressed.

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and Development of a Microcontroller Based Digital Wattmeter (MIDIWAT).

This paper presents a design to produce a microcontroller based digital wattmeter that measures the magnitude of power consumption of various loads (electronic devices) connected through it. To measure the power consumption under a sine wave signal (AC supply), the root mean square (rms) of both voltage and current is multiplied. The design is implemented using the techniques of digital signal processing and transformation. By this approach, both voltage and current are sampled a number of times during a cycle, the rms of the signals, real power, apparent power and the power factor are computed on the discrete signals. Finally, the magnitude of the power consumption is computed by integrating the power usage over a period of time. Product of this effort is a MIDIWAT that can measure rms voltage and current and power consumption over a period of time up to 1 kVA of loads (± 2%) with an overload protection.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences