jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internal Geometry and External Wall Effects on Fluidic Oscillator Behavior

Abstract This study quantified the correlation of internal geometry (including Coanda effects) and external walls on oscillation frequency for a fluidic oscillator that was tested for a variety of mass flow rates using CO2 gas. The oscillator designs were modified by altering the aspect ratio (AR) with respect to the exit nozzle and changing the cross-sectional area ratio (MR) between the exit throat and power nozzle. The AR and cross-sectional MR were shown to be correlated with frequency. External walls parallel to each other and perpendicular to the oscillator exit throat were added at varying separation distances to observe how they affected the jet oscillation angle and frequency. By increasing the convexity of the exit throat, Coanda effects were about three times more effective in increasing the oscillation angle compared to wall effects. The internal geometry effects were combined by nondimensional analysis to find a function for predicting the frequency of an oscillator in terms of aspect and area ratios. The function showed that the oscillators converged to a single Strouhal number of 0.016.

Topic: Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The European Context

Abstract Abstract: To understand the potential future of working longer in America, we compare trends in health and employment in Europe with those in the United States. While health in Europe improved between 2004 and 2018 among older adults (aged 65 to 85), we find the opposite for middle-aged adults (aged 50 to 64). In this respect, Europe is experiencing negative developments similar to those in the United States. In terms of employment, however, Europe is different than the United States. We do not find any sign that employment rates of middle-aged individuals are stagnating or falling. On the contrary, employment has increased steadily since the late 1990s. It is too early to conclude what implications the stalling health trend of the middle-aged cohorts will have for labor force participation among older Europeans in 10 or 15 years. We argue that economic considerations, such as public pension and disability insurance policies, are likely to continue to have a greater influence on rates of early retirement than health.

Topic: Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Extended analysis and treatment of self‐injurious behavior

Abstract In experiment 1, an extended functional analysis of self‐injury was conducted with a 21‐year‐old male diagnosed with autism and profound mental retardation. The multielement phase yielded undifferentiated results. Subsequent blocking of conditions plus the addition of a component allowing access to multiple sensory stimuli suggested that self‐injury was unrelated to programmed positive or negative reinforcement contingencies. The behavior appeared to be automatically reinforced; its occurrence decreased when access to alternative sensory stimuli was provided. Experiment 2 evaluated a treatment condition in which response‐independent access to these sensory stimuli was provided within the participant's everyday environment. Baseline and treatment frequencies of self‐injury were compared in a combined, multiple‐baseline‐across‐settings and ABAB design. The level of self‐injury decreased substantially during treatment. These results support the use of extended analog analyses of aberrant behavior in instances in which undifferentiated responding occurs in the initial analogue analysis. Additionally, a procedure is described for generalizing the intervention derived from the experimental analysis into the participant's everyday environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Bridging the Gender Divide: Facilitating the Educational Path for Men in Nursing

Background: Although the number of men entering the nursing profession over the past century has increased incrementally, the proportion of men remains low in contrast to the U.S. population. On matriculation into nursing school, men face stereotypes about the nursing profession and the characteristics of the men who enter it. Men may also face a number of gender-based barriers, including lack of history about men in nursing, lack of role models, role strain, gender discrimination, and isolation. Method: This article describes each of these barriers and provides strategies to improve male students' learning experience. Results: The efforts of one nursing school to address many of these barriers are also described. Conclusion: Through acknowledging gender barriers and taking intentional steps to address them with prenursing and nursing students, schools of nursing may create a more inclusive environment and enhance the profession's diversity. [ J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(5):295–299.]

Topic: Nursing education and management
Subfield: Research and Theory
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
THE AMARNA LETTERS FROM PALESTINE

In 1915 the publication of all then available Amarna Tablets, begun by J. A. Knudtzon in 1907, was completed. Since then another seven important tablets belonging to the original find have been published. About 150 of the letters either are written directly from or to Palestine, or are so immediately concerned with Palestinian affairs that they fall within the scope of this chapter. During the two centuries of Egyptian occupation of Palestine since the conquest under Amosis and Amenophis I, its political organization had become more or less normalized. Certain princes exercised acknowledged feudal rights over other weaker chieftains; for example, Tagu was the immediate suzerain of the chief of Gath (Jett) in Sharon. The population of Palestine in the Amarna age was small; it was mostly concentrated on the coastal plains and the adjacent low hills, the plain of Esdraelon and the Jordan valley.

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
PITUITARY AND PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE TO THYROID HORMONE

SUMMARY A 32‐year‐old Caucasian male, clinically euthyroid, with paranoid schizophrenia and granulocytopenia, had elevated total and free serum T4 and T3; serum TSH was normal (2.7 ± 0.7 μU/ml). There was no goitre present, no evidence of Graves' disease, and no evidence of pituitary tumour. He had a normal response to methyl‐TRH, with a TSH increment of 14.6 μU/ml, T3 increment of 212 ng/dl, and T4 increment of 4.7 μg/dl; baseline prolactin was normal with a normal response to methyl‐TRH. T3 therapy (100 μg/day) decreased the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake to less than half the baseline value and decreased the TSH increment in response to methyl‐TRH to 4.1 μU/ml. Iodine therapy caused an increase in his base‐line TSH with an increase in the TSH response to TSH. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and production rates (PR) of T3 and T4 were increased. Baseline serum levels of glycoprotein hormone α‐subunit were normal and showed a slight increase in response to methyl‐TRH, similar to normal subjects. This patient has evidence of partial pituitary and peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone; his only evidence for hyperthyroidism is the elevated MCR and PR of T3 and T4.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accessibility and participation in the use of an inclusive musical instrument: The case of MotionComposer

Digital musical instruments (DMI) can make musical practice accessible to non-trained persons or to persons with limitations related to their age, gender or musical experience. The present study explores accessibility and participation in a sample of 266 individuals using a device named MotionComposer, a digital instrument based on motion capture. By experimenting with this device during four minutes in two different environments (one causal, the other one more aprioristically determined), we study the kind of participant interaction that takes place. Results show that MotionComposer allows for a statistically significant similar interaction in people of different ages and genders and with different disabilities. However, there are two exceptions that can be accounted for in connection with the causality-randomness of the two environments where the experimentation takes place.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction of Road Accident Risk for Vehicle Fleet Based on Statistically Processed Tire Wear Model

The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of tire tread depth on road accident risk and to develop an accident rate prediction model. The state of 4288 vehicle tires using tread depth gauge was inspected and processed statistically. The tread depth of the most worn tire from each vehicle was registered for further analysis. Based on the collected data, a statistical tire tread depth model for an insurance company vehicle fleet had been developed. The conformity of the gamma distribution to the data was verified upon applying the Pearson compatibility criterion. The paper provides the histograms of the frequencies of tire tread depths and the theoretical curves of the distribution density. The probability of the accident risk depending on the tire tread depth (adaptive risk index) was calculated applying the formed distributions and risk index dependence on the tire tread depth for the inspected vehicle fleet. According to the developed prediction model, an upgrade of the regulation for the minimum allowed tire tread depth by 2 mm (up to 3.6 mm) could reduce road accident risk (caused by poor adhesion to road surface) to 19.3% for the chosen vehicle fleet. Such models are useful for road safety experts, insurance companies and accident cost evaluation specialists by predicting expenses related to insurance events.

Topic: Transportation Systems and Logistics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
GENDER AND ETHNIC VARIATION IN LOVE MARRIAGE IN URBAN MALAYSIA

Using a data set (n = 1,967) collected in Kuala Lumpur in 2002, this paper examines ethnic differences in love marriage in urban Malaysia. Data analysis shows that the majority of the marriages among both the Malays and the Chinese are based on free choice. Data analysis also shows that Chinese are more likely than Malays to report love marriages when major background characteristics are controlled. However, the differences between Malay men and Chinese men fade away when background characteristics are controlled, whereas no similar patterns are found among women. These findings indicate that Malay women have a lower degree of autonomy in the marriage market than their Muslim brothers. Findings from this research thus suggest a new interpretation of the effect of Malay culture and status attainment on inter-group differences in marriage in Malaysia.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phantom's Burden: Reading the Politics of Colonial Discourse in Phantom Comics

Comics, the word usually brings to mind something entertaining but ephemeral, something not worthy of<br> much critical deliberation. But such an approach to comics is not just faulty but grossly erroneous because<br> comics as a medium has never been entertainment shorn off politics. The mass reach and consumption it<br> has always had as a medium make comics important cultural texts which in significant ways both reflect<br> and affect the social, political and theoretical tenets of a time. As a popular medium far from being<br> detached it is enmeshed in ideologies and discourses either by functioning as a viable apparatus for<br> disseminating dominant ideas/ideologies or by becoming a platform of challenge and critique of grand<br> narratives. This paper seeks to study the politics of the Phantom comics as one that tries to peddle the<br> grand narrative of reason that has been the primary thrust of the colonial discourse. The avowed duty of<br> all the Phantoms through four centuries to ensure law and order in an otherwise savage land is in fact an<br> embodiment and championing of the white man’s burden that tries to justify the conquest of a land in the<br> name of progress and civilisation. Also for a comic series that is propelled by this politics of justifying the<br> control of a land, its resources and native people by the white settler by disguising it as an enterprise to<br> bring the modern, rational, civilised to the superstitious, irrational, savage colonies, it becomes interesting<br> to interrogate the popularity it enjoyed among its India readers. The paper seeks to also understand and<br> theorise about the possible reasons for the same by seeing it through the larger discourse of colonisation<br> at work.

Topic: Comics and Graphic Narratives
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
On the distribution of zeros of the wright function

The paper deals with the distribution of zeros of the Wright function in the case ρ > −1and the parameter β is a real number. The exact formulae for the order, the type and the indicator function of the entire function φ (ρ, β; z ) are given. On the basis of these results this function is shown to be a function of completely regular growth.

Topic: Fractional Differential Equations Solutions
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scar Endometriosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Being a rare condition often it is not included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal wall swelling. The typical history is a swelling in the scar or near the scar of previous Gynaecological or Obstetric surgery. Most of the time the diagnosis is done only after excision of the swelling. A case of endometriosis in the scar of a cesarean section. We have also discussed clinical feature pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of scar endometriosis..

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural Representation of Object Shape in the Brain

In Chapter 1, Dickinson analyzes the complex history of theoretical and computational vision. With some exceptions, the trend in recent decades is away from explicit structural representation and toward direct mapping of image features to semantic categories based on machine learning. The best-known formulations of the older, structural paradigm are those of Marr (Marr and Nishihara 1978) and Biederman (1987), although the central idea that objects are represented as configurations of parts has a long history (Barlow 1972; Binford 1971; Dickinson, Pentland, and Rosenfeld 1992; Hoffman and Richards 1984; Hubel and Wiesel 1959, 1968; Milner 1974; Palmer 1975; Selfridge 1959; Sutherland 1968). A configural representation would be carried by ensembles of processing units or neurons, each encoding the shape and relative position of a constituent part. This coding format is appealing because it solves three major problems in object vision. The first problem is the enormous dimensionality (on the order of 106) of retinal activity patterns. A signal of this complexity is too unwieldy to communicate between brain regions (owing to wiring constraints) or store in memory (owing to limited information capacity of synaptic weight patterns). Compression of this signal into a list of part specifications on the order of 101 to 102 would make communication and storage more practical. The second problem is the extremely variable mapping between retinal images and object identity. The same object can produce an infinity of very different retinal images depending on its position, orientation, lighting, partial occlusion, and other factors.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Medical thoracoscopy in <scp>MALT</scp> lymphoma causing pleural effusion: A case report

Abstract Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) lymphoma is a form of low‐grade malignant B ‐cell extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is classified as marginal‐zone lymphoma and represents less than 1% of all lung cancer. We describe a case of MALT lymphoma limited exclusively to the lung that came to our attention with infective pleural effusion and concomitant lung consolidation of the left lower lobe. Our case demonstrates that MALT can begin with an acute clinical presentation. The clinical scenario, with fever, parietal chest pain, and leukocytosis, suggested an infective process. Radiological and sonographic examinations and the endoscopic aspect during medical thoracoscopy ( MT ) were typical of an infective etiology. The histological outcome of non‐specific inflammatory pleuritis confirmed our suppositions. However, the missing resolution of lung consolidation after several weeks led us to an alternative diagnosis. Parenchymal biopsies obtained by bronchoscopy allowed us to reach the correct diagnosis: MALT lymphoma limited to the lung.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
(Trans) Sex Sells

Abstract In this article the author considers the vexed relationship that Star Distributors' trans sleaze had with taxonomy. The author argues that linguistic slippage and the inability to define a precise trans identity as object speaks not only, or exclusively, to a sloppiness on the part of sleaze writers but is also a deliberate illumination of the degree to which white trans is not reducible to something known or necessarily stable. Because it is irreducible to knowledge and finality, these texts delight in the possibilities of plurality, in teaching, and in learning to work one's gender in excess of cis practice. Finally, this article explores the bifurcated way these novels depict pedagogy for white and Black trans characters.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Minutes of the Explosive Safety Seminar (18th) Held at San Antonio, Texas on 12-14 September 1978. Volume 2

Abstract : This paper presents the results of statistical analyses of data on twenty-five events of explosions in propellant ground handling and transport systems. The results are taken from a soon-to-be published NASA report entitled 'Workbook for Estimating Effects of Accidental Explosions in Propellant Ground Handling and Transport Systems,'which was prepared for NASA Lewis Research Center by Southwest Research Institute. Estimates of distributions of parameters and relationships between parameters which are useful in risk assessment are presented. Results include fragment weight distribution, mean fragment weight as a function of normalized yield, correlation between fragment range and fragment weight, correlation of fragment range to the ratio or mean fragment weight to vessel weight for cylindrical tanks, and correlation of fragment velocity to the ratio of energy to vessel weight. Tables of the data and graphs of the resultant distributions are included in the paper to support final conclusions.

Topic: High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
From Cooperative to Contested Europe? The Conflict in Ukraine as a Culmination of a Long-Term Crisis in EU–Russia Relations

The article looks at the European Union's (EU) attempts at ordering the Pan-European space and how Russia has sought to position itself in the EU-centric unipolar order and how that has affected the development of EU–Russia relations during the post-Cold War era. The analysis will move in four successive steps: (i) the development of the EU's attempts at hegemonic, post-sovereign ordering is reconstructed; (ii) the development of EU–Russia relations in light of these processes is analysed; (iii) then, the crisis in Ukraine as a certain culmination point is discussed; (iv) the article ends with conclusions concerning the development of EU–Russia relations in light of the problematic as well as an assessment of the significance of this particular facet in the wider processes of ordering discussed in the Special Issue together with a prognosis concerning the future.

Topic: Russia and Soviet political economy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes Among Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Background: Microbes greatly influence oral illnesses. Regulatory mechanisms and bidirectional communication maintain host-mouth bacterial equilibrium throughout life. Objectives: Current study is aimed at the molecular detection of some virulence genes among Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: From November 2022 to March 2023, 100 College of Dentistry, University of Al-Kufa, medical educational clinic patients contributed soft, deep caries lesions. Samples from different media were incubated for 18–24 h at 37°C. S. mutans was found in colony morphology, microscopy, and biochemistry. Results: About 20% of the 100 positive clinical samples were S. mutans . A VITEK 2 automated system examined 64 biochemical GP-ID card S. mutans isolates. It promptly and accurately identified 20 bacterial isolates (94%–99.7%). The 497-bp SM479 gene was amplified by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using all-isolated DNA. All isolates were amplified by standard PCR. The virulence factor gene was found in S. mutans isolates. Unlike an allelic ladder, S. mutans possesses all its virulence genes since all 20 samples have the cnm gene. All twenty S. mutans isolates had PCR-detected 647-bp Cbm genes. All 20 S. mutans isolates had gtfB . The (517 bp) amplicon was found using a gel electrophoresis allelic ladder. Conclusions: The automated VITEK 2 system tested 64 biochemical GP-ID card S. mutans isolates. It quickly and reliably identified 20 bacterial isolates (94%–99.7%). All isolate DNA was used for standard PCR amplification of the SM479 gene. Each previously isolated bacteria was amplified by conventional PCR. Virulence factor gene identification in S. mutans isolates. All 20 samples had cnm , Cbm , and gtfB .

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Assessment On The Effects Of Various Factors To The Efficiency Of Workers In A Pipe Manufacturing Company

Abstract Concrete pipes are one of the most common building materials used all over the world in the field of construction &amp; civil engineering. This paper tackles about the labor’s efficiency in the concrete pipes manufacturing. Efficiency also affects the worker’s productivity since it is a high factor to be considered especially in masonry which is why masonry contractors gather detailed data on their workers’ productivity and as well as factors that may affect productivity. The group used ANOVA analysis to analyze the relationship based on employees’ age, length of service, employee satisfaction index, and acquired technical skills. The significance of this study will be beneficial to both the company and the masonry contractors and can optimize the availability of workers to improve its efficiency.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences