jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
State Strategies for Building Capacity: Addressing the Needs of Standards-Based Reform

Over the past decade or more, state policymakers have concentrated on putting the architecture of standards-based reform in place: setting challenging academic content standards and performance standards for all students; and instituting compatible tests, incentives, and accountability systems to reinforce these ambitious outcomes. Many states and districts have also restructured their governance systems to delegate more authority to local decision-makers.But clearly defined learning goals and accountability systems do not by themselves yield continued improvement in student learning. Some states with high standards and related assessment and accountability programs in place are finding that their early gains in student achievement have plateaued in certain academic areas. Furthermore, achievement gaps between students from majority groups and those from minority groups continue to exist, and students with disabilities still have poorer educational outcomes than other students.Acknowledging that clear standards and strong incentives alone are not sufficient to dramatically change teaching and learning, policymakers and policy analysts have started to talk about and implement "capacity-building" strategies. "Capacity" in this policy context refers to the wherewithal needed to translate high standards and incentives into effective inby Diane Massell struction and strong student performance. This issue of CPRE Policy Briefs examines capacity-building strategies used in eight states, and analyzes their promise and continuing challenges.One way of defining capacity is to ask what elements are needed to support effective instruction. People often think of capacity in terms of teachers' knowledge and skills. But effective classrooms also require quality instructional materials and students motivated and ready to learn. And, classrooms exist within larger contexts--the school, the school district, and the state education system--that provide educational direction and leadership, and influence social norms as well as access to resources and knowledge.The capacity of classrooms and of organizations that support classrooms fall into seven areas we think are essential to generating improvement in teaching and learning.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme

Abstract Davidson attacks the intelligibility of conceptual relativism, i.e. of truth relative to a conceptual scheme. He defines the notion of a conceptual scheme as something ordering, organizing, and rendering intelligible empirical content, and calls the position that employs both notions scheme‐content dualism. He argues that such dualism (the ‘third, and perhaps, last dogma of empiricism’) is untenable since: (1) not only can we not parcel out empirical content sentence per sentence (as Quine's rejection of the analytic‐synthetic distinction had shown) but also (2) the notion of uninterpreted content to which several schemes are relative, and the related notion of a theory ‘fitting the evidence’, can be shown to lack intelligibility too. Davidson argues further that belief in incommensurable schemes or non‐intertranslatable languages is possible only on violating a correct understanding of interpretability (developed in Essays 9 and 10): if we succeed in interpreting someone else then we have shown there is no need to speak of two conceptual schemes, while if we fail ‘there is no ground for speaking of two.’

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of non-governmental organizations in global health

Global health also refers to 'inherently global health issues', that is, health-determining phenomena that transcend national borders and political jurisdictions, such as globalization and climate change. NGOs include charitable and religious associations that mobilize private funds for development, distribute food and family planning services and promote community organization. They also include independent cooperatives, community associations, water-user societies, women's groups and pastoral associations. To contribute to shared global health objectives, NGOs should work in close partnership with a wide array of international agencies and institutions to shape global health policies and to fund, implement, and evaluate programs. Non-governmental organizations are a basic element in the representation of the modern world. And their participation in international organizations is in a way a guarantee of the latter's political legitimacy. From the stand point of global democratization, we need the participation of international public opinion and the mobilizing powers of non-governmental organizations.

Topic: Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of high temperature on two major stored product insects and the effect on germination of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata L.)

<title>Abstract</title> Background The importance of the control of stored product insects is highlighted with a loss of more than one billion dollars per year. The present study included one of the most important natural bioassay methods (the effect of high temperature) for controlling stored-product insects. Results In the current study, the range used for high temperature (45–80°C) influenced the criteria (% mortality of adults and immature stages, %hatchability, and % reduction): as well as the effect on % weight loss and % germination. The Complete mortality 100% of <italic>Callosobruchus maculatus</italic> was obtained with the treatment 55<sup>o</sup>C/40 minutes, 60<sup>o</sup>C/30 min, 65 <sup>o</sup>C/20 min, 70 <sup>o</sup>C/20 min., 75 <sup>o</sup>C/15 min and 80<sup>o</sup>C/5 min. The Complete mortality 100% of <italic>Rhizopertha dominica</italic> was obtained with the treatment 55<sup>o</sup>C/30 min, 60<sup>o</sup>C/25 min, 65 <sup>o</sup>C/20 min, 70<sup>o</sup>C/15 min, 75<sup>o</sup>C/10 min and 80<sup>o</sup>C/5 minutes. Furthermore, the temperature at 45<sup>o</sup>C/30 minutes, 55 <sup>o</sup>C/20 min, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 65<sup>o</sup>C/15 min, 70<sup>o</sup>C and 75 <sup>o</sup>C/10 min and 80<sup>o</sup>C/5 min did not have any harmful effects on wheat grain and cowpea seed germination. All treatments were similar to the untreated control. Conclusions The application of temperature has no side effects on humans or on the environment. The best results were achieved with application of temperature at 45<sup>o</sup>C/30 minutes, 55 <sup>o</sup>C/20 min, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 65<sup>o</sup>C/15 min, 70<sup>o</sup>C and 75 <sup>o</sup>C/10 min and 80<sup>o</sup>C/5 min without injurious effects on grain and seed germination.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A high coverage reference transcriptome assembly of pea (&lt;i&gt;Pisum sativum&lt;/i&gt; L.) mycorrhizal roots

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient mutualistic symbiosis formed by 80-90 % of land plant species with the obligatorily biotrophic fungi that belong to the phylum Glomeromycota. This symbiosis is mutually beneficial, as AM fungi feed on plant photosynthesis products, in turn improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the environment. The garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), a widely cultivated crop and an important model for genetics, is capable of forming triple symbiotic systems consisting of the plant, AM fungi and nodule bacteria. As transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are being implemented for studying the mutualistic symbioses of pea, a need for a reference transcriptome of genes expressed under these specific conditions for increasing the resolution and the accuracy of other methods arose. Numerous transcriptome assemblies constructed for pea did not include mycorrhizal roots, hence the aim of the study to construct a reference transcriptome assembly of pea mycorrhizal roots. The combined transcriptome of mycorrhizal roots of Pisum sativum cv. Frisson inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis BEG144 was investigated, and for both the organisms independent transcriptomes were assembled (coverage 177x for pea and 45x for fungus). Genes specific to mycorrhizal roots were found in the assembly, their expression patterns were examined with qPCR on two pea cultivars, Frisson and Finale. The gene expression depended on the inoculation stage and on the pea cultivar. The investigated genes may serve as markers for early stages of inoculation in genetically diverse pea cultivars.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evidence for overlapping active sites in a multifunctional enzyme: immunochemical and chemical modification studies on C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The relationship of the active sites which catalyze the three reactions in the trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined with immunochemical and chemical modification techniques. Immunotitration of the enzyme with a polyclonal antiserum resulted in identical inhibition curves for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities which were distinctly different from the inhibition curve for the synthetase activity. During chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), the three activities were inactivated at significantly different rates, indicating that at least three distinct essential residues are involved in the reaction with DEPC. The pH dependence of the reaction with DEPC was consistent with the modification of histidyl residues. Treatment of C1-THF synthase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in significant inactivation of only the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, with the cyclohydrolase at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the dehydrogenase. Inactivation of cyclohydrolase was biphasic at NEM concentrations above 0.1 mM, suggesting two essential cysteinyl residues were being modified. NADP+, a dehydrogenase substrate, protected both dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, but not synthetase activity, against inactivation by either reagent. Synthetase substrates had no protective ability. Pteroylpolyglutamates and p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamates exhibited some protection of all three activities. The p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamate series showed progressive protection with increasing chain length. These results are consistent with an overlapping site for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions, independent from the synthetase active site. Possible active-site configurations and the role of the polyglutamate tail in substrate binding are discussed.

Topic: Plant Gene Expression Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Test-retest reliability of a modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to capture neighbourhood physical activity

Introduction: Few self-report tools capture neighbourhood physical activity. The aim of our study was to modify a widely-used self-report tool (International Physical Activity Questionnaire – IPAQ) to capture neighbourhood physical activity and estimate the test-retest reliability of these modifications. Material and Methods: Seventy-five adults completed the modified IPAQ twice, 7-days apart, capturing neighbourhood days·week-1 and usual minutes·day-1 of bicycling and walking for transport and leisure, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity. Test-retest reliability was assessed with Intraclass Correlations (ICC), percent of overall agreement and Kappa statistics (κ). Results: Consistency in participation in neighbourhood PA ranged from k = 0.21 for moderate physical activity to k = 0.55 for vigorous physical activity, while proportion of overall agreement ranged from 64.0% for moderate physical activity to 81.3% for bicycling for transportation. ICC for reported neighbourhood PA between the two occasions ranged from ICC = 0.33 for moderate physical activity to ICC = 0.69 for bicycling for transportation for days·week-1, ICC = 0.17 for bicycling for transportation to ICC = 0.48 for walking for leisure for minutes·day-1, and ICC = 0.31 for vigorous physical activity to ICC = 0.52 for walking for leisure for minutes·week-1. Conclusions: With the exception of minutes spent bicycling for transportation, our findings suggest that IPAQ items can be modified to provide reliable estimates of neighbourhood physical activity.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analisa Performa Motor DC Feedcack Tipe No. 63 – 110

Motor listrik sudah umum kita temukan pada kehidupan sehari –
hari, mulai dari motor DC sampai motor AC. Tiap jenis motor
memiliki karakter yang berbeda, hal ini akan mempengaruhi
penggunaan motor tersebut. Salah satu jenis motor DC adalah
motor DC shunt. Pada tugas akhir ini, penelitian dilakukan untuk
mengetahui performa motor dengan menghitung parameter
berupa daya dan torsi yang dihasilkan motor pada kondisi
berbeban dan tanpa beban. Pada percobaan dilakukan variasi
tegangan mulai dari 100 V – 220 V pada kondisi tidak berbeban
dan pada kondisi berbeban digunakan tegangan nominal 220 V.
Hasilnya motor DC memiliki daya output maksimum 102.3 W
dengan nilai daya masukan motor sebesar 184.8 W pada torsi 0.44
N.m dan efisiensi maksimum yang didapatkan adalah 55.4 %.
Nilai arus medan akan tetap pada tiap nilai beban yang diberikan.
Analisa dilakukan dengan cara mencari hubungan antara bebrapa
parameter dan didapatkan hasil berupa beban motor akan
berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi, didapatkan semakin besar
nominal beban maka akan semakin besar nilai efisiensi.
Sedangkan daya akan naik sebanding dengan beban yang
diberikan pada motor.
========================================================================================================
The electric motor is commonly be found in daily life - today ,
ranging from DC motors to AC motors. Each type of motor has a
different character , it will affect the use of the motor. One type of
DC motor is a DC motor shunt . In this thesis, the study examined
the performance of the motor by calculating parameters such as
power and torque produced by the motor to the load and no-load
conditions . In experiments performed variations voltages ranging from
100 V - 220 V at no load condition and the load condition used a
nominal voltage of 220 V. The result is a DC motor has a maximum
output power of 102.3 W to the motor input power value of 184.8
W at 0:44 Nm torque and maximum efficiency obtained was 55.4
% . The field current value will remain at each value of a given
load . Analysis is done by finding a relationship between keeping
the parameters and the results obtained in the form of motor load
will affect the efficiency , obtained the greater the nominal load ,
the greater the efficiency . While power will rise in proportion to
the load placed on the motor .

Topic: Engineering and Technology Innovations
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Some Safety Parameters of Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands with Anti-Obesity Potential

Many studies have shown the high efficacy of histamine H3 receptor ligands in preventing weight gain. In addition to evaluating the efficacy of future drug candidates, it is very important to assess their safety profile, which is established through numerous tests and preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety of histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands by assessing their effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination, as well as on the cardiac function, blood pressure, and plasma activity of certain cellular enzymes. The ligands tested at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. did not cause changes in locomotor activity (except for KSK-74) and did not affect motor coordination. Significant reductions in blood pressure were observed after the administration of compounds KSK-63, KSK-73, and KSK-74, which seems logically related to the increased effect of histamine. Although the results of in vitro studies suggest that the tested ligands can block the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels, they did not affect cardiac parameters in vivo. It should be noted that repeated administration of the tested compounds prevented an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlaT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (gGT) observed in the control animals fed a palatable diet. The obtained results show that the ligands selected for this research are not only effective in preventing weight gain but also demonstrate safety in relation to the evaluated parameters, allowing the compounds to proceed to the next stages of research.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
HPV16 increases the number of migratory cancer stem cells and modulates their miRNA expression profile in oropharyngeal cancer

HPV16 is a major risk factor for development of oropharyngeal squamous-cell-carcinoma (OPSCC). Although HPV+ OPSCC metastasize faster than HPV- tumors, they have a better prognosis. The molecular and cellular alterations causing these differences remain elusive. In this study we examined whether expression of HPV16-E6E7 targets the number of migratory and stationary cancer stem cells (CSC). Furthermore, we wanted to elucidate if aberrantly expressed miRNAs in migratory CSC may be responible for progression of OPSCCs and whether they may serve as potential novel biomarkers for increased potential of metastasis.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[RETRACTED] THE EFFECTS OF ISOKINETIC KNEE STRENGTH ON THE PROMPTNESS OF SOCCER PLAYERS [RETRACTED]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of isokinetic knee strength on promptness. 15 soccer players with an average age of 22,80±2,14 years and 15 controls with an average age of 21,60±1,40 years participated in the study. Body composition, isokinetic knee strength measurement at angular speeds of 60 o , 180 o , 240 o and 10 m sprint test were conducted respectively in the study. General warm-up procedure was carried out on the groups before measurements. In statistical analyses, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the assumption of normality, while Levene test was used to test the assumption of homogeneity. Independent t test was used for the comparison of paired groups, while Pearson correlation was used to check the association between variables. When the results of our research were analyzed, no statistical significance was found between the two groups in terms of descriptive information (age, height, weight, BMI), while differences were found in the 10 meter sprint test in favor of the soccer players (p<0,05). When the isokinetic knee strengths were analyzed at angular speeds of 60 o , 180 o , 240 o , while no statistical significance was found between the two groups, soccer players were found to have high results in general. As a conclusion, it was found that knee isokinetic strength of soccer players were higher when compared with the control group and they had better promptness time, and in soccer players, promptness was improved in the correlation test conducted for 10 meter sprint test as age increased.  Article visualizations:

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Yair Dalal

Abstract Yair Dalal occupies an intermediate position in the constellation of musical possibilities that encompasses Alei Hazayit and Bustan Abraham. With an international reputation for performing music that is both “ethnic” and Israeli, he draws on a greater variety of musical resources than the former, but fewer than the latter. The three most important areas in which the inclusion of Yair complicates and extends our view of this field of cultural production are his social and cultural activism, his choice and presentation of musical sources, and the unusually diverse array of musicians with whom he has worked. He studied violin at the Givatayim Conservatory from the age of eight to eighteen. As a teenager he turned away from his parents' music, showing greater interest in the Beatles and other Anglo-American rock, only picking up the 'ud in his early twenties.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A parallel systolic array ASIC for real-time execution of the Hough transform

Many pattern recognition problems can be solved by mapping the input data into an n-dimensional feature space in which a vector indicates a set of attributes. One powerful pattern recognition method is the Hough transform. In reducing the n-dimensional feature space to two dimensions, the coordinate transform can be executed by a systolic array consisting of time-delay processing elements and adders. The application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation of the Hough transform as a systolic array for real-time recognition of curved tracks in multiwire drift chambers is presented. The array can handle 32 parallel input data streams. It mainly consists of 512 identical programmable processing elements. Sixteen histogram pixels in the feature space are produced in parallel per clock cycle. The ASIC is implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS, two-metal layer technology (CUB) from Austria Micro Systems (AMS) and operates with a clock frequency of 100 MHz. The interconnectivity pattern of the processing elements required to initialize the chip according to the pattern recognition task is computed on the host computer using the Hough-transform equations. This pattern is then downloaded to the chip via the data input lines. The Hough-transform ASIC is suitable for a wide range of pattern recognition applications. The integrated circuit is a powerful building block for systems requiring real-time execution of the Hough transform.

Topic: Image and Object Detection Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences