jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factor affecting the treatment response of drug-addicted women

This study was a 4-year longitudinal evaluation of a therapeutic community for drug addicted women. Pre-treatment variables of interest included 3 major indices of resources that served as predictors of women's response to treatment. Psychological measures and a willingness for treatment comprised the personal resources index. Early family environment factors and current family relationship measures comprised the family resources index. The third index, social resources, included social support networks and social adaptation measures, including pre-treatment length of drug use, criminal involvement, employment, and level of education. In-treatment variables included 4 psychological status instruments, a social support network interview, and a treatment environment scale. All in-treatment repeated measures were administered at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Outcome variables included retention and post-treatment measures of the 3 resource indices. Follow-up interviews were administered at 6, 12, and 24 months after termination of treatment. Pre-treatment psychological scores predicted their respective outcome variable scores. Pre-treatment scores on family relationship variables did not predict post-treatment scores. Pre-treatment measures of social support failed to predict follow-up involvement in social networks. However, prior years of drug use, legal involvement, and level of education predicted post-treatment abstinence, pursuit of continuing education, and involvement in aftercare. Discussion addresses the problems inherent in field research.

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Truth, Facts, and Possibilities in the Correspondence Theories of Wittgenstein, Moore, and Russell

Wittgenstein, in the Tractatus, Russell, in 1918–19, and Moore, in 1910–11, advocated a variant of a correspondence theory of truth that reveals basic problems faced by correspondence theories. To speak of a theory of truth is to speak of an ontological account or assay that specifies a ground of truth or truth maker. It isnot to speak of the mere introduction of a truth predicate into a schema in such a way as to avoidparadoxes or mimic the apparent univocal use of the phrase 'is true' in ordinary speech, while specifying a mechanism for handling molecular and quantified formulae. To offer a philosophical theory of truth is not merely to specify the truth condition for an atomic formula, 'Fa' for example, by a transcription such as 'a has F' or 'a belongs to the class of things that are F' or 'π has f', where 'π' and 'f ' are metalinguistic correlates of 'a' and 'F'. This is not to deny that such concerns play a role in setting out a theory of truth; it is only to insist that to provide a philosophical account or analysis requires that one specify what a ground of truth is.

Topic: Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Strategic Implications of the Battle of Stalingrad

Abstract : The Batfle of Stalingrad was probably the largest battle in World War II and a key turning point in the war on the Eastern Front. This paper will review on a macro level the German campaign that began in the Spring of 1942 and concluded with the surrender of the German VI Army with an emphasis on the Battle of Stalingrad itself. It then will examine the key consequences and lessons learned from the campaign including lessons of military strategy and leadership. Where appropriate the paper will make observations about lessons from Stalingrad that are applicable to the U.S. military today.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inﬂuence of Gas Mixture Fumigation of Ethyl Formate and Carbon Dioxide on Several Characteristics of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (Bananas Pineapples Strawberries Grapefruits Satsuma mandarins Squashes and Other Vegetables

Several characteristics of bananas pineapples strawberries grapefruits Satsuma mandarins squashes string beans parsley and broccoli were investigated with the aim of determining whether gas mix‑ ture fumigation with ethyl formate (EF C3H6O2 75.2 mg/l and carbon dioxide (CO2 374.9 mg/l for 3 h at 15℃ causes phytotoxicity. EF sorption into a commodity was concluded to depend on the commodity' s surface area. Fumigated bananas pineapples strawberries and squashes showed no diﬀerence in weight hardness color soluble solid content or ﬂavor compared with untreated controls except for the banana sur‑ face color and squash ﬂavor. Some color change was observed on the surface of bananas because of insuﬃ‑ cient evaporation of liqueﬁed EF; fumigated squashes were considered preferable in a ﬂavor test. EF and CO2 gas mixture did not appreciably interfere with banana ripening. Characteristics including color (L*a*b* color space of fumigated grapefruits and Satsuma mandarins were not diﬀerent from those of untreated fruits but Satsuma mandarins were softer 7 days after fumigation. EF gas concentrations for parsley and broccoli were substantially lower than that for string beans from beginning just after treatment. Parsley and broccoli mostly lost weight after 7 days of storage. The color of fumigated parsley changed markedly accom‑ panied by severe wilting while broccoli showed no change. No negative eﬀects were observed on the ﬂavor of fumigated string beans and broccoli whereas fumigated parsley showed its smell turned stronger and its leaves were coated with a viscous liquid.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Service-Learning in Business Education: Stakeholders, Project Models, and International Partnerships

Service-learning weds active academic learning with effective service to and in the community. This paper provides an overview of service-learning pedagogy within business education and identifies the stakeholders— students, faculty, community partners, and the academic institution at large— and the benefits that flow to them from its implementation. The paper then provides several examples of service-learning business projects and an approach to developing an international service-learning partnership using an example from the relationship between a small New England business university and the Quinn School of Business at University College Dublin.

Topic: Service-Learning and Community Engagement
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hormone replacement therapy. Risks, benefits, and costs.

Epidemiologic evidence on the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women is accumulating. The apparent 50% reduction in risk of cardiovascular mortality could lead to universal HRT. Until a prospective, controlled trial is concluded, women must consider all the consequences of HRT. For the undecided, who would take HRT only to prevent osteoporosis, bone mass estimates might be warranted.

Topic: Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Twin Concordance for DSM-III Schizophrenia

DSM-III diagnoses were applied to 26 monozygotic (MZ) and 34 dizygotic (DZ) probands and their co-twins from the Maudsley Hospital (1948 to 1965) schizophrenic series of Gottesman and Shields. DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were found to be highly reliable and valid, and to have a broad heritability of 0.85, which is comparable with the Research Diagnostic Criteria and Feighner criteria from which they were derived. When the full range of DSM-III diagnoses were considered, both affective disorder and schizophrenia were found in genetically identical individuals. The effect of DSM-III nosology on the twin series was also explored by adding other diagnoses to that of schizophrenia and observing the effect on the MZ/DZ concordance ratio. The addition of affective disorder with mood-incongruent delusions to the schizophrenia spectrum produced the largest increase in the ratio and, by implication, a "more genetic" combination than schizophrenia alone. The maximum MZ/DZ concordance ratio (7.68) was produced by schizophrenia, plus affective disorder with mood-incongruent delusions, plus schizotypal personality disorder, plus atypical psychosis. The effect of adding paranoid disorder (paranoia) and all other affective categories was a reduction in the ratio.

Topic: Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Intensification in cocoa cropping systems : is agroforestry a solution for sustainability? The case of Manso Amenfi, Western region, Ghana

Do agroforestry practices help to improve cocoa sustainability in the humid tropics? Although it sometimes tends to be put under the form of an enthusiastic affirmation, is it not a question that still deserves detailed surveys? This question was initially raised in Côte d'Ivoire by some members of the team who developed a methodology combining questionnaires passed with farmers and direct field observations through density squares. This methodology has been applied to the case of the Amenfi central district of the ghanaian western region, which can be considered as an ¿intermediate¿ region between the old cocoa farms in the East and the young ones in the South-West of the country. In these intermediate zones of the country, agroforestry techniques applied during the 20th century and their mastering by farmers were part of their low risk and low costs strategies. They helped to maintain some plant-diversity in the cocoa farms but did not prevent farmers from massively adopting zero shade techniques and massive deforestation, especially in the extreme western region. As found in Côte d'Ivoire, the old shaded cocoa farms are considered by farmers as a thing of the past, very linked to the old "amelonado" variety that was first introduced. New hybrids sown by farmers, and mostly provided by local research institutions, have been produced under zero shade and high input conditions. The farmers using them tend to reduce shade, even in their old cocoa plots. This paper shows that in the 2000s, farmers need higher returns per hectare and more selective shade to increase the potential of hybrids. This means a much more selective choice of trees than in the past, especially oriented towards trees that have a high value. The idea of rebuilding the old agroforestry pattern is thus a myth. The future of cocoa agroforestry will lie in a commerciallyoriented one, hopefully shored up by some combination with its shade and cocoa protection function. This certainly means a much lower density and number of trees species in the cocoa farm than in the past, hence probably much less biodiversity. This work contributes to identify some of the most promising trees. It also confirms the need to move forward in the legislation field, as more and more farmers do exploit some timber on their own, always with high losses and often at terribly low prices. An absolute prerequisite for any future agroforestry project will thus be opening institutional windows to enable farmers making money with timber, legally and under better technical conditions.

Topic: Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
Subfield: Horticulture
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Dense Optical Flow Field Estimation with Variational Refinement

Optical flow has long been a focus of research study in computer vision community. Researchers have established extensive work to solve the optical flow estimation. Among the published works, a notable work using variational energy minimization has beena baseline of optical flow estimation for a long time. Variational optical flow optimization solves an approximate global minimum in a well-defined non-linear Markov Energy formulation. It works by first linearizing the energy model and uses a numerical method specifically successive over-relaxation (SOR) method to solve the resulting linear model. An initialization scheme is required for optical flow field in this iterative optimization method. In the original work, a zero initialization is proposed and it works well on the various environments with photometric and geometric distortion. In this work, we have experimented with different flow field initialization scheme under various environment setting. We found out that variational refinement with a good initial flow estimate using state-of-art optical flow algorithms can further improve its accuracy performance.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on the Development of Green SupplyChain Finance Empowered by Blockchain:A Three-party Evolutionary Game AnalysisBased on the Cost Perspective

The problem of high costs caused by information asymmetry has limited the development of green supply chain finance.Blockchain, with its unique technical characteristics, has the potential for innovative breakthroughs in financing costs.Starting from the cost perspective, we sort out the operation mode of green supply chain finance empowered by blockchain, analyze the strategic behaviors of green small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), core enterprises, and financial institutions, construct a three-party evolutionary game model of green supply chain finance empowered by blockchain, solve the model and discuss the equilibrium of the game, and further simulate and analyze the game by using MATLAB.It is found that the higher the proportion of initial positive strategies of the three parties involved in the game, the higher the probability that the game system will evolve to the Pareto optimal state.Blockchain empowerment makes the financing cost of green SMEs and the evaluation and supervision cost of core enterprises and financial institutions greatly reduced.The cost reduction can prompt the evolution direction of the game system from the Pareto worst state to the Pareto optimal state, and with the increasing cost reduction, the rate of convergence of the game subject to the Pareto optimal stable state increases.The improvement of the autonomous repayment rate of green SMEs has a better role in promoting the credit business and the stable development of green supply chain finance.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent Advances in Minimal Intervention Dentistry - A Review

The age of preserving the tooth has come a long way. New technology of bioceramic materials, LASERS and resin infiltration for remineralzing and restoring the tooth have given promising results. The role of fluorides, which has been time tested cannot be overemphasized for preventing the caries. Glass ionomer cements and its advances are good for minimally preparing the cavity and restoration.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical outcomes in patients with BRAF<sup>V600</sup> mutant melanoma and undetectable circulating tumor DNA treated with dabrafenib and trametinib.

10059 Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been promoted as a less-invasive surrogate assay for tumor-tissue based tumor oncogene analysis. Here, we associate detection of BRAF mutant ctDNA with PFS and OS in patients with tissue-confirmed BRAF V600 mutant melanoma enrolled in S1320, a randomized phase 2 clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dosing of dabrafenib and trametinib. Methods: Patients with BRAF V600 melanoma received continuous therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib for 8 weeks after which patients were randomized 1:1 to proceed with intermittent treatment on a 3-week-off, 5-week-on schedule or to continue with continuous therapy. Pre-treatment blood samples were interrogated using the Guardant 360 ctDNA assay for all exons of 30 known oncogenes including BRAF and for all exons with known oncogenic mutations in the COSMIC database in 40 additional oncogenes. Clinical responses were assessed at 8-week intervals by RECIST v1.1 and PFS and OS estimates were compared using log-rank test in patients with detectable versus undetectable BRAF V600 mutant ctDNA,. Results: Somatic BRAF V600E or BRAF V600K ctDNA was detected in 34 of 50 patients with baseline (before lead-in cycle 1) blood samples available for analysis including 16 of 23 (70%) patients randomized to continuous dosing, 15 of 21 (71%) randomized to intermittent dosing, and 3 of 6 (50%) who were not randomized due to disease progression at 8 weeks or other factors. Four additional patients had other detectable somatic mutations but no detectable BRAF V600 ctDNA at baseline, and 12 patients had no detectable somatic ctDNA mutations at baseline. Detection of BRAF V600 ctDNA was associated with baseline disease stage (p = 0.008). There was no difference in the overall response rate based on baseline ctDNA detection. Detection of ctDNA at baseline was associated with worse PFS (median BRAF V600 ctDNA positive = 5.8; 95% CI: 4.2-9.6 months, BRAF V600 ctDNA negative = 21.4 mos; 95% CI 10.4-NA; measured from registration to lead-in cycle 1, p = 0.001) and OS (BRAF V600 ctDNA positive = 17.8 mos; 95% CI 9.76-NA, BRAF V600 ctDNA negative = not reached; 95% CI NA-NA, p = 0.0021). Conclusions: The absence of detectable BRAF V600 ctDNA at baseline is associated with improved PFS and OS in patients receiving treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib. Clinical trial information: NCT02196181.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Thiazolidinediones on Bone Loss and Fracture

Objective: To examine the evidence regarding the effects of thiazolidinediones on bone loss and fracture. Data Sources: Published studies assessing the effects of thiazolidinediones on bone and/or fracture risk in humans were selected for review. A MEDLINE (1950–April 2007) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–April 2007) search was performed. Search terms included thiazolidinediones, rosiglitazone, pioglltazone, troglitazone, bone, bone mineral density, fracture, and osteoporosis. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The literature search retrieved 5 English-language studies evaluating the effects of thiazolidinediones on bone in humans. These consisted of 2 small, uncontrolled studies using troglitazone; 1 prospective, randomized controlled study and 1 retrospective cohort study using rosiglitazone; and a post hoc analysis of an observational cohort study in subjects taking various thiazolidinediones. All of the studies assessed markers of bone metabolism and/or bone mineral density (BMD). No studies were identified that addressed rate of fractures in subjects taking thiazolidinediones. Data Synthesis: The first troglitazone study demonstrated a decrease in levels of bone formation markers (10%; p&lt;0.05) and resorption markers (12%; p&lt;0.01), and authors determined that troglitazone produces a protective effect on bone through decreased bone turnover. The second troglitazone study did not demonstrate a significant change in BMD or levels of bone turnover markers. The 2 rosiglitazone studies demonstrated decreases in BMD of 1.19–1.9% with rosiglitazone use (p&lt;0.05), The post hoc analysis with various thiazolidinediones indicated a 2.5-fold greater decrease in BMD in women reporting thiazolidinedione use. Conclusions: Few studies have assessed the effects of thiazolidinediones on bone in humans. Studies available suggest that treatment with thiazolidinediones, primarily rosiglitazone, contributes to bone loss. The effect appears to be most prominent in postmenopausal women. More studies are needed to better understand the effects of thiazolidinediones on bone and fracture rates.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The results of the Application of the Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction for the Treatment of Secondary Varicose Veins in the Small Pelvis

Aim. To study the possibilities of the application of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction for the treatment of secondary varicose veins in the small pelvis developing after iliac vein thrombosis. Material and methods. The present clinical study included 24 patients of whom 17 (71%) were men at the mean age of 54 years and 7 (29%) women (mean age 57 years). The average duration of thrombosis was 3.9 years. All the patients were offered a month-long course of the treatment with the use of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction at a daily dose of 1000 mg. The results of the comprehensive clinical and ultrasound studies carried out before the onset of therapy were compared with those obtained after the one-month treatment. Results. The mean diameter of paraprostatic veins in the male patients decreased significantly under effect of the treatment down to the normal values whereas the frequency of retrograde circulation in the veins of the paraprostatic plexus decreased to 3 (18%). The number of women presenting with varicose veins in the small pelvis decreased to 6 (25%) under the influence of the treatment while the mean diameter of their parametrial veins decreased to almost normal value; the same is true of the frequency of the retrograde blood flow in the parametrial plexus veins. The clinical examination of the patients after the completion of the treatment has demonstrated positive dynamics of their condition. The number of patients complaining of pain in the small pelvis decreased from 8 (33%) to 1 (4%). Prior to the treatment, all the patients suffered from micturition disorders of different severity, with the mean IPSS value being 9.6 (95% CI 1—21). The number of patients with such condition decreased to 9 (38%) while its severity was relieved, with the mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) being 3.8 (95% CI 0—19). Prior to therapy, three women presented with dyspareunia compared with only one after the treatment. Conclusion. The treatment with the use of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction at a daily dose of 1000 mg during one month leads in the men and women presenting with secondary varicose veins in the small pelvis developing after iliac vein thrombosis to the improvement of venous hemodynamics in the small pelvis and the reduction of clinical manifestations of the disorders in pelvic organs.

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Da arbitragem por equidade de conflitos societários no âmbito de companhias fechadas

ABSTRACT: In this work, the author addresses the resolution of corporate disputes in the context of unlisted corporations by means of ex aequo et bono arbitration. After determining its viability, the author describes an equitable remedy for corporate disputes successfully used by Canadian courts and proposes to implement this model in the universe of arbitration.

Topic: Corporate Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences