jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sequential Stream Segregation and Frequency Selectivity in the Perception of Simultaneous Sentences by Listeners With Sensorineural Hearing Loss

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of frequency selectivity and sequential stream segregation in the perception of simultaneous sentences by listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Simultaneous sentence perception was tested in listeners with normal hearing and with sensorineural hearing loss using sentence pairs consisting of one sentence spoken by a male talker and one sentence spoken by a female talker. Listeners were asked to repeat both sentences and were scored on the number of words repeated correctly in each sentence. Separate scores were obtained for the first and second sentences repeated. Frequency selectivity was assessed using a notched-noise method in which thresholds for a 1000 Hz pure-tone signal were measured in noise with spectral notch bandwidths of 0, 300, and 600 Hz. Sequential stream segregation was measured using tone sequences consisting of a fixed frequency (A) and a varying frequency tone (B). Tone sequences were presented in an ABA_ABA_... pattern starting at a frequency (B) either below or above the frequency of the fixed 1000 Hz tone (A). Initially, the frequency difference was large and was gradually decreased until listeners indicated that they could no longer perceptually separate the two tones (fusion threshold). Scores for the first sentence repeated decreased significantly with increasing age. There was a strong relationship between fusion threshold and simultaneous sentence perception, which remained even after partialling out the effects of age. Smaller frequency differences at fusion thresholds were associated with higher sentence scores. There was no relationship between frequency selectivity and simultaneous sentence perception. Results suggest that the abilities to perceptually separate pitch patterns and separate sentences spoken simultaneously by different talkers are mediated by the same underlying perceptual and/or cognitive factors.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Identities and relationships of the previously confused genera Odonteucoila, Coneucoela, and Trichoplasta (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae)

Abstract The identities and the relationships of Odonteucoila Ashmead, 1903, Coneucoela Kieffer, 1909, and Trichoplasta Benoit, 1956, are discussed and the re-defined genera are described. The use of some morphological terms are defined and other new terms are proposed. Lectotypes are designated for Odonteucoila chapadae and Coneucoela brasiliensis (type-species of the respective genera); four new synonymies and fourteen new combinations are proposed. Odonteucoila auct. is considered polyphyletic. The re-defined genus Odonteucoila is placed in the Chrestosema group of genera and appears to have a strictly Neotropical distribution. Species from other parts of the world, previously assigned to Odonteucoila, are transferred to Trichoplasta, which is closely related to Rhoptromeris. The type-species of Trichoplasta, T. basilewskyi Benoit, 1956, is synonymized with T. tanganyikensis (Weld, 1944) n. comb. (originally described in Coneucoela). Coneucoela brasiliensis Kieffer, 1909, is the only recognized Coneucoela species and it is considered to belong to the Ganaspis complex of genera. A cladistic analysis of the Rhoptromeris group of genera concludes the paper.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Analysis of ZEB2 gene variation in two patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome].

The heterozygous c.2769C>A (p.Y923*) and c.315delC (p.A105Afs*3) variants of the ZEB2 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis in the two patients. Gene testing has facilitated confirmation of the diagnosis and genetic counselling.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Patients with Epilepsy Using Nonparametric Modeling

Background: Topiramate (TPM) is used for the treatment of various epileptic seizures and the prevention of migraine. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and identify covariates that influence TPM behavior in patients with epilepsy in Kuwait. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 108 patients (2 years old and above) with epilepsy who were treated with oral TPM and 174 TPM blood samples from 3 hospitals in Kuwait from 2009 to 2016. Data were randomly divided into 2 groups for model development and validation. The population pharmacokinetic model was built using the nonparametric modeling algorithm (Pmetrics). The model was evaluated internally through the visual predictive check method and externally using a new data set. Results: A 1-compartment model with first-order elimination fitted the data well. Covariates showing a significant effect on the elimination rate constant were renal function and coadministration of carbamazepine (CBZ). The mean estimated clearance was 2.11 L/h; this was 50% higher for patients coadministered with CBZ. Age and sex were essential covariates for the volume of distribution (V). The visual predictive check of the final model could predict the measured concentrations. External validation further confirmed the favorable predictive performance of the model with low bias and imprecision for predicting the concentration in a particular population. Conclusions: TPM elimination was increased with CBZ coadministration and was affected by renal function. Meanwhile, age and sex were the main predictors for V. The predictive performance of the final model proved to be valid internally and externally.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FINTECH AND COMMERCIAL BANKS: COMPETITION AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COOPERATION

Introduction. Recent fundamental changes have taken place in all spheres of society, primarily related to the development of technology. The financial sector is no exception: every year both consumers of financial products and services and their producers are more and more committed to the introduction of new technologies. The pioneers of these changes are FinTech companies, which have managed to achieve significant development over the last decade, and which continue to grow. Traditional financial intermediaries are beginning to be wary of their market shares and see FinTech companies as new competitors. However, it is thanks to them that the financial market can reach a new level, and if their efforts are combined with the knowledge and experience of commercial banks - titans of financial intermediation, a number of benefits for them and for the financial system as a whole will be got. Purpose. The article aims to research the reasons for the rapid development of FinTech companies, possible ways of cooperation between them and commercial banks and the benefits that financial markets will receive from these associations. Method (methodology). General scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis and deduction, methods of theoretical substantiation, statistical analysis, comparison, abstract-logical, graphical and tabular methods were used. Results. The article describes the main advantages and disadvantages of FinTech companies compared to commercial banks, which are, on the one hand, their innovation, adaptability and speed of response to environmental change, and, on the other hand, the presence of additional risks. According to this, the prospects of cooperation between FinTech companies and commercial banks and the benefits that will be received by all financial market participants were considered. The article also outlines what activities banks and FinTech companies will engage in as part of such cooperation and what stages they will need to go through to achieve maximum results.

Topic: Sustainability and Innovation in Business
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A structured classification of the types of pain research studies accessed by different health professionals involved in pain management

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the information access behaviours of clinicians involved in pain management with respect to their use of a pain evidence resource and to determine the areas of professional differences. Methods: Users (n = 258) of a free pain evidence alerting service (PAIN + ) were enrolled in this study. The users regularly received email alerts about newly published clinical articles about pain that were pre-appraised for scientific merit and clinical relevance. A sample of up to 10 abstracts retrieved by each user were retrieved and classified using a descriptive classification system to describe the types of research, pain subtypes, interventions and outcomes that were reported in the accessed studies. Frequencies and chi-square tests were performed to compare access behaviours across professions. Results: A total of 258 participants viewed 2311 abstracts. More than 52% of abstracts viewed were primary clinical studies; the majority (87%) addressed treatment effectiveness and were quantitative research (99.8%). The most commonly accessed clinical topic (58%) related to musculoskeletal pain and the most accessed pain type was chronic pain (76%). Drugs, injections and rehabilitation therapy were most commonly addressed in accessed intervention studies. Differences in professional focus were reflected in access: physicians/nurses accessed studies on injections (23%) and drugs (26%) and nurses accessed surgical studies, whereas other professions rarely did. Physiotherapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) preferentially accessed studies on rehabilitation. OTs and psychologists preferentially accessed the available studies on cognitive interventions; OTs accessed more ergonomic studies. Psychologists most accessed educational and psychosocial intervention studies. There were no differences in access across professions to multidisciplinary interventions. Conclusion: While access partially reflects the content of the pain repository, professional differences in access were evident that related to the nature of the intervention, type of pain and the research design. Multidisciplinary evidence repositories may need to consider how to include and meet varied information needs.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Inclusive Education in Central America and the Caribbean (CA-DR)

Inclusive education, as stated in declarations and human development goals, features in the educational policies being implemented in Central American and Caribbean (CA-DR) countries (Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and the Dominican Republic). The policies seek to give the entire population of each country permanent access to quality education services, and they have a particular focus on people with disabilities. However, there are considerable challenges to be overcome, caused by a combination of historical factors and the sociopolitical and economic context. Some of the countries still have significant levels of poverty and inequity, both of which hinder the development of inclusive education. At the same time, inclusive education is expected to help eradicate social exclusion and facilitate social mobility. This paradigm began as an effort to secure disabled people’s right to education, and countries have since been working to offer disabled people access to regular schools. Nevertheless, segregated education services or services with an integration aim still persist. Moreover, poverty causes many students to drop out of school, or never to enroll at all. Each country has vulnerable or marginalized groups in its population. The work being done, from an inclusive perspective, follows two main routes: reorienting education systems toward inclusivity; and offering these groups affirmative actions to ensure their regular attendance at mainstream schools that have quality programs for all. If CA-DR countries are to achieve inclusive education, they must fulfill two requirements. Firstly, they must develop intersectorial interventions that revert causes of exclusion—education policies in isolation are unable to do that. Secondly, they must take action to ensure that inclusive education is achieved in practice in the classroom. There are advances toward inclusion, but more work is needed to answer the question of how CA-DR countries can develop inclusive societies, based on social protection and quality education services for all, that give proper attention to diversity, practice equity, and promote social mobility. Bottom-up strategies are valuable in the effort to achieve inclusive education.

Topic: Inclusive Education and Diversity
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gist MT Users: A Snapshot of the Use and Users of One Online MT Tool

This study analyzes usage statistics and the results of an end-user survey to compile a snapshot of the current use and users of one online machine translation (MT) tool, Multilizer’s PDF Translator1. The results reveal that the tool is used predominantly for assimilation purposes and that respondents use MT often. People use the tool to translate texts from different areas of life, including work, study and leisure. Of these, the study area is currently the most prevalent. The results also reveal a tendency for users to machine translate documents that are in languages they have some understanding of, rather than texts they do not understand at all. The findings imply that gist MT is becoming a part of people’s everyday lives and that perhaps people use gist MT in a different way than they use publishing-level translations.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Location of Wireless Sensor Network Node in Forest Environment

Because of the extensity and complexity in forest environment, the question about how to locate wireless sensor network node in monitoring on forest environment become the most important focus in wisdom forest built project. In present study, the main consideration is the complexity of the forest environment and energy consumption in the transmission of wireless sensor data. The purpose is to do the widest area which wireless sensor networks can maximize coverage. The method of Particle swarm optimization(PSO) was used to get the results of location of wireless sensor network node in Forest environment. Simulation results showed that it is useful to use Particle swarm optimization(PSO) which can get optimum solution on wireless sensor network employed. PSO algorithm to solve the problem of wireless sensor network deployment is feasible.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CASE STUDY OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TEACHING ENGLISH TO DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING STUDENTS AT BAUMAN MOSCOW STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (BMSTU)

A CASE STUDY OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TEACHING ENGLISH TO DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING STUDENTS AT BAUMAN MOSCOW STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (BMSTU)

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Relationship Between Compressive Sensing and Random Sensor Arrays

Random sensor arrays are examined from a compressive-sensing (CS) perspective. It is demonstrated that the natural random-array projections manifested by the media Green's function are consistent with the projection-type measurements associated with compressive sensing. This linkage allows the use of existing compressive-sensing theory to quantify the performance of random arrays, of interest for array design. The analysis demonstrates that the compressive-sensing theory is applicable to arrays in vacuum as well as in the presence of surrounding media; further, the presence of surrounding media with known properties may be used to improve array performance.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The transport number of noradrenaline as a function of pH

Journal Article The transport number of noradrenaline as a function of pH Get access N Lake, N Lake Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L M Jordan, L M Jordan Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J W Phillis, J W Phillis Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G G Yarbrough G G Yarbrough Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 770 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 25, Issue 8, August 1973, Page 678, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb10666.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 10 May 1973 Published: 12 April 2011

Topic: Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Subfield: Filtration and Separation
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Germ cell tumor of anterior mediastinum

A 30-year-old diabetic male, urban resident, nonsmoker with Karnofsky performance score 80 was diagnosed with germ cell tumor of 13 cm × 9 cm with Stage I at right anterosuperior mediastinum after short duration of cough and hemoptysis. He did not have any difficulty in breathing or weight loss. The effort tolerance of the patient was up to four floors. The case received VIP-based chemotherapy with etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin at a center of excellence. Thereafter, the surgical excision of the solid mass may be the optional line of treatment.

Topic: Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
947 Recombinant myxoma virus MC509-N1 demonstrates antitumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors

<h3>Background</h3> There are several obstacles to effective cancer immunotherapy including the heterogenic immune profile and the state of the tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy provides an opportunity to overcome some of these limitations through high viral replication and the expression of therapeutic transgenes (TGs) within the tumor tissue. Myxoma virus (MYXV) belongs to the family of Poxviridae and represents a potent oncolytic virus and a safe platform as this virus is non-pathogenic in any hosts apart from lagomorphs. Importantly, MYXV has a high capacity of encoding for multiple TG payloads. Here we engineered MC509-N1, a novel double-encoding transgenes (TG1 and TG2) oncolytic MYXV designed for intravenous (IV) injection. The therapeutic TG1 acts to modify and remodel the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and TG2 allows for prolonged self-evasion from the host immune defense. <h3>Methods</h3> Transgenes expression upon infection was detected by ELISA and by flow cytometry. To determine anticancer efficacy, syngeneic B16F10 melanoma or MC38 colorectal cancer-bearing C57BL/6 mice were injected with MC509-N1 intratumorally or IV with or without immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Tumor growth and survival was monitored after treatment and the immune profile within the tumor microenvironment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Mice cured of their tumors from the original treatment were rechallenged with primary tumor cells to examine anticancer immunity. <h3>Results</h3> Cells upon infection with MC509-N1 were found to express both transgenes at high levels and stimulate downstream mechanisms. Importantly, the engineering of both transgenes did not affect MC509-N1 infectivity and productivity as compared to wild-type MYXV. Intratumoral injections of MC509-N1 effectively suppressed tumor growth and improved overall survival of both syngeneic cancer models. Furthermore, MC509-N1 therapy effectively modulated the immune profile within the tumor microenvironment, especially the ratio between tumor infiltrated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. In addition, IV injections of MC509-N1 showed improved inhibition of tumor growth compared to wild type MYXV. The combination therapy of MC509-N1 with the ICI anti-PD-L1 further promoted inhibition of tumor growth as demonstrated by higher rate of complete regression and improved survival rate. Furthermore, rechallenge experiments revealed that this combination regimen established specific anticancer immune memory and protected from cancer recurrence. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results demonstrate that the novel engineered MC509-N1 exhibits potent anticancer efficacy, adequately modulates the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and acts synergistically to eliminate cancer in combination with ICI.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
TH1/TH2 patterns in the peripheral blood of pregnancy-induced hypertension patients

Objective To investigate the TH1/TH2 patterns by calculating the percentage of TH1, TH2 cells, and the TH1/TH2 ratio of peripheral blood from patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods The percentage of TH1 and TH2 cells in peripheral blood from 15 normal pregnant controls and 20 PIH patients (including 12 moderate and 8 severe cases) were calculated using flow cytometry for the analysis of both the surface marker CD3 CD8 and intracellular cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Results The percentage of TH1 cells and the ratio of TH1/TH2 in PIH patients were significantly higher than those in the normal third-trimester pregnant controls [(20.50±4.02)% vs (12.57±2.18)%, P0.05 and (11.80±7.72) vs (3.66±0.70)%, P0.01]. The percentage of TH2 cells in PIH patients was significantly lower than that in the third-trimester of normal pregnancy [(2.31±1.02)% vs (3.63±0.70)%, P0.05]. Conclusion Enhanced TH1 immunoreaction and weakened TH2 immunoreaction are found in moderate and severe PIH patients. TH1 pattern is found in the peripheral blood from moderate and severe PIH patients.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pleurozium schreberi (moss) DNA extraction v1

This is a detailed protocol concerning the DNA extraction from the genome paper titled "Genome Sequencing of Pleurozium schreberi: The Assembled and Annotated Draft Genome of a Pleurocarpous Feather Moss" (https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400279).

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences