jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS WITH FULL-FIELD DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY, DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS AND CONTRAST-ENHANCED SPECTRAL MAMMOGRAPHY

Abstract The purpose is to compare full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) technologies on three mammography systems in terms of image quality and patient dose. Two Senographe Essential with DBT and CESM (denoted S1 and S2) and one Selenia Dimensions (S3) with FFDM and DBT were considered. Dosimetry methods recommended in the European protocol were used. Image quality was tested with CDMAM in FFDM and DBT and with ideal observer method in FFDM. Mean values of mean glandular dose (MGD) from whole patient samples on S1, S2 and S3 were as follows: FFDM 1.65, 1.84 and 2.23 mGy; DBT 2.03, 1.96 and 2.87 mGy; CESM 2.65 and 3.16 mGy, respectively. S3 exhibited better low-contrast detectability for the smallest sized discs of CDMAM and ideal observer in FFDM, and for the largest sized discs in DBT, at similar dose levels.

Topic: Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Persistence of immune responses to the Sinopharm/BBIBP‐CorV vaccine

Abstract Background To determine the kinetics and persistence of immune responses following the Sinopharm/BBIBP‐CorV, we investigated immune responses in a cohort of Sri Lankan individuals. Methods SARS‐CoV‐2 specific total antibodies were measured in 20–39 years ( n = 61), 40–59 years ( n = 120) and those &gt;60 years of age ( n = 22) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, 12 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor blocking antibodies (ACE2R‐Ab), antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral virus (WT) and variants of concern, were measured in a sub cohort. T cell responses and memory B cell responses were assessed by ELISpot assays. Results A total of 193/203 (95.07%) of individuals had detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 specific total antibodies, while 67/110 (60.9%) had ACE2R‐Ab. A total of 14.3%–16.7% individuals in the 20–39 age groups had detectable antibodies to the RBD of the WT and variants of concern, while the positivity rates of those ≥60 years of age was &lt;10%. A total of 14/49 (28.6%) had Interferon gamma ELISpot responses to overlapping peptides of the spike protein, while memory B cell responses were detected in 9/20 to the S1 recombinant protein. The total antibody levels and ACE2R‐Ab declined from 2 to 12 weeks from the second dose, while ex vivo T cell responses remained unchanged. The decline in ACE2R‐Ab levels was significant among the 40–59 ( p = .0007) and ≥60 ( p = .005) age groups. Conclusions Antibody responses declined in all age groups, especially in those ≥60 years, while T cell responses persisted. The effect of waning of immunity on hospitalization and severe disease should be assessed by long term efficacy studies.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
After All This Time: A Study of the Appeal of Young Adult Fiction Series Among Young Readers

What is it about young adult fiction that is so addictive? Why do teenagers return to the same characters and situations over and over again in series fiction? This study explores the significance of young adult fiction series with a scientific approach, through the surveying of teenagers on the aspects of those series that are so meaningful to them. Through this study, a greater understanding of the way readers interact with literature is achieved. The research portion of this study is largely inspired by Reading the Romance by Janice Radway[1], an investigation that explores the attraction of romance novels to women and the style and content of those novels. In that study, Radway focuses on repetitive and similar themes within the romance genre, and constructs an argument as to what may be the driving force behind that genre’s popularity. Furthermore, she suggests analyzing the action of reading through multiple lenses that each focus on a different aspect in order to understand the complexity of the experience, such as defiance, complicity, and escapism.[2] This study is constructed with a similar analysis, with a shifted focus to the following four young adult fiction series: Harry Potter, Divergent, The Hunger Games, and Twilight. Through this research, a better understanding of what makes popular literature popular is achieved, as there are compelling reasons why a young adult would turn to a book over other forms of entertainment. Lastly, the strands of commonality that weave through these series and prove attractive to a majority of young readers are also identified.

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from An Empirical Approach Leveraging Tumorgrafts to Dissect the Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma Identifies Missing Link to Prognostic Inflammatory Factors

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;By leveraging tumorgraft (patient-derived xenograft) RNA-sequencing data, we developed an empirical approach, DisHet, to dissect the tumor microenvironment (eTME). We found that 65% of previously defined immune signature genes are not abundantly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and identified 610 novel immune/stromal transcripts. Using eTME, genomics, pathology, and medical record data involving &gt;1,000 patients, we established an inflamed pan-RCC subtype (IS) enriched for regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, T&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;1 cells, neutrophils, macrophages, B cells, and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. IS is enriched for aggressive RCCs, including &lt;i&gt;BAP1&lt;/i&gt;-deficient clear-cell and type 2 papillary tumors. The IS subtype correlated with systemic manifestations of inflammation such as thrombocytosis and anemia, which are enigmatic predictors of poor prognosis. Furthermore, IS was a strong predictor of poor survival. Our analyses suggest that tumor cells drive the stromal immune response. These data provide a missing link between tumor cells, the TME, and systemic factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; We undertook a novel empirical approach to dissect the renal cell carcinoma TME by leveraging tumorgrafts. The dissection and downstream analyses uncovered missing links between tumor cells, the TME, systemic manifestations of inflammation, and poor prognosis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1142–55. ©2018 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Potsherds from Qumran, Schoyen MS 1655/3

[Text Description:] 4 potsherds ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Schoyen MS 1655/3 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] 4 potsherds, covered by "white wash" of varying color shades ❧ [Physical Object Note:] a. 11.2 x 9.4 cm; b. 6.6 x 5.3 cm, section of bowl with decorated circular lines; c. 10.3 x 5.8 cm, preserves base and lower part of body of a dish or wide bowl; d. 8.0 x 4.2 cm, part of rim of jar

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
An electron diffraction study of 1,1-dimethylsilaethylene

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn electron diffraction study of 1,1-dimethylsilaethylenePeter G. Mahaffy, Robb Gutowsky, and Lawrence K. MontgomeryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 8, 2854–2856Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00528a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00528a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The impacts of <i>Miscanthus</i>×<i>giganteus</i> production on the Midwest US hydrologic cycle

Abstract Perennial grasses are being considered as candidates for biofuel feedstocks to provide an alternative energy source to fossil fuels. Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus), in particular, is a grass that is predicted to provide more energy per sown area than corn ethanol and reduce net carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the storage of carbon belowground. Miscanthus uses more water than Zea mays (maize), mainly as a result of a longer growing season and higher productivity. Conversion of current land use for miscanthus production will likely disrupt regional hydrologic cycles, yet the magnitude, timing, and spatial distribution of effects are unknown. Here, we show the effects of five different scenarios of miscanthus production on the simulated Midwest US hydrologic cycle. Given the same historic precipitation observations, our ecosystem model simulation results show that on an annual basis miscanthus uses more water than the ecosystems it will likely replace. The actual timing and magnitude of increased water loss to the atmosphere depends on location; however, substantial increases only occur when miscanthus fraction cover exceeds 25% in dry regions and 50% in nearly all of the Midwest. Our results delineate where large‐scale land use conversion to perennial biofuel grasses might deplete soil water resources. Given the fact that some watersheds within the Midwest already have depleted water resources, we expect our results to inform decisions on where to grow perennial grasses for biofuel use to ensure sustainability of energy and water resources, and to minimize the potential for deleterious effects to water quantity and quality.

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tailoring an Interpretable Neural Language Model

Neural networks have shown great potential in language modeling. Currently, the dominant approach to language modeling is based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Nonetheless, it is not clear why RNNs and CNNs are suitable for the language modeling task since these neural models are lack of interpretability. The goal of this paper is to tailor an interpretable neural model as an alternative to RNNs and CNNs for the language modeling task. This paper proposes a unified framework for language modeling, which can partly interpret the rationales behind existing language models (LMs). Based on the proposed framework, an interpretable neural language model (INLM) is proposed, including a tailored architectural structure and a tailored learning method for the language modeling task. The proposed INLM can be approximated as a parameterized auto-regressive moving average model and provides interpretability in two aspects: component interpretability and prediction interpretability. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed INLM outperforms some typical neural LMs on several language modeling datasets and on the switchboard speech recognition task. Further experiments also show that the proposed INLM is competitive with the state-of-the-art long short-term memory LMs on the Penn Treebank and WikiText-2 datasets.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Small molecule α-cyanostilbene derivatives with multi-stimulus response and applications in sensing, anti-counterfeiting and light-emitting diodes

Two small molecule α-cyanostilbene derivatives (TS-Ph and TS-BPh) were synthesized by a two-step Vilsmeier and Knoevenagel reaction.

Topic: Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists for school‐based health centers

Abstract The growth of school‐based health centers parallels the development of the subspecialty of pediatric school psychology. School psychologists have had minor roles in most school‐based health centers. In many cases, school psychologists with training in the foundation of school psychology do not have the specific skills to meet the role and function in a school‐based health center. However, there is a niche for the skills that can be provided by a school psychologist with subspecialty training in pediatric school psychology. A description of the potential roles for school psychologists in school‐based health centers is presented. The professional preparation beyond foundation school psychology training required to succeed in these roles is discussed. A detailed model for predoctoral internships and postdoctoral residencies for the professional preparation of pediatric school psychologists is presented. With this advanced level of training, school psychologists are well prepared to meet the expanded role and function required in school‐based health clinics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 321–330, 2003.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Thoracic radiculopathy related to collapsed thoracic vertebral bodies.

Three cases are presented of thoracic radiculopathy related to collapsed thoracic vertebral bodies. In all cases proximal weakness of the legs was present, leading to the diagnosis of myopathy in two cases. Sensory symptoms were present in two cases. In one, anterior thigh paresthesias lead to a diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica. This diagnostic entity must be remembered if appropriate corroborative tests are to be performed. In cases of trauma this diagnosis should be considered if thoracic vertebral collapse is present. Conversely, an evaluation of proximal weakness should include a review of thoracic radiographs for vertebral collapse, especially in the presence of sensory findings in the lower abdominal or proximal thigh region.

Topic: Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
中小學教師老化教育培訓方案實施成效之實驗研究 Effects of Aging Education Training on Elementary and Secondary Teachers Toward Aging

近年來高齡人口數逐年增多，但現代老人的地位卻因工商業社會的發展而逐年下降，致使年齡歧視現象充斥於社會之中。如何能夠消弭年齡歧視的蔓延，有賴於中小學教師具有老化教育的相關培訓。因此，本研究旨於規劃 18 小時的「教師老化教育培訓方案」是否能有效地改善中小學教師的老化知識、態度與教學行為意向？本研究採取「不等組前後測設計」，有效樣本實驗組 33 人、控制組 51 人。主要研究發現有：一、實驗組教師在接受「老化教育培訓方案」後，其老化知識、態度與教學行為意向上的得分，顯著較其培訓前佳；二、控制組教師在未接受「老化教育培訓方案」的情況下，其老化知識、態度與教學行為意向上的前後測得分，無顯著差異；三、實驗組教師在接受「老化教育培訓方案」後，其老化知識、態度與教學行為意向上的得分，顯著較控制組教師佳。 The aging population is gradually increasing because people are living longer. Older people are often portrayed as insignificant, unhealthy, sad, and dependent in contemporary cultures and values. Therefore, it is pertinent to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward aging and older people held by elementary and secondary teachers. The researcher designed an 18-hour Aging Education Training (AET) program to test whether it influenced the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of the participants. Overall, 33 teachers were in an experimental group and 51 teachers were in a control group. The results revealed that the teachers who joined the AET program had improved knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward aging people after the training program. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes, and teaching behavior toward aging people in the teachers who did not join the AET program. Overall, the teachers who joined the AET program had significantly greater knowledge, attitudes, and teaching behavior toward aging people compared with the teachers who did not join the AET program.

Topic: Education and Learning Interventions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling Development in Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract We modeled development in grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens), which exploits wild and cultivated Vitis. Laboratory experiments were used to derive the temperature-dependent developmental curve for eggs, larvae, and pupae. We used linear interpolation to estimate stage-specific base temperature thresholds and degree-day requirements under laboratory conditions. We also estimated parameters of the Logan and Lactin nonlinear developmental models. Lastly, we conducted field experiments to evaluate the conventional degree-day model, which has a base threshold of 10°C; an improved degree-day model that was based on our laboratory observations; and nonlinear developmental models in predicting seasonal grape berry moth development. We concluded that the Logan nonlinear model provided the best estimates of grape berry moth field development, and an improved degree-day model should use 8.41°C as a minimum base temperature threshold and 423.9 as the egg-to-adult degree-day requirement. Also, after comparing degree-day accumulation estimates using the maximum-minimum method and trapezoidal integration to hourly temperature measurements, we concluded that the two approaches provided similar estimates during June–September.

Topic: Insect Pheromone Research and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of Pathological Functional Connectome in Brains with Low-grade Gliomas Using Graph Convolutional Network

Motivation: Alterations in the functional connectome may serve as new biomarkers to infer the disease profile of glioma. Goal(s): To detect the pathological functional connectome (Patho-FCN) that characterizes the functional plasticity due to low grade glioma. Approach: Dynamic functional connectivity-based graph convolutional network (dFC-GCN) models were constructed to distinguish patients from healthy controls. Class activation mapping was utilized to identify the top 5% salient nodes constituting the Patho-FCN, where the information flow was assessed using the time-delay and probabilistic flow estimation. Results: The dFC-GCN model identified a contralesional Patho-FCN with altered information propagation patterns, and achieved an averaged classification accuracy of 96.1%. Impact: The pathological functional connectome detected with the proposed methodology in this study provides a novel biomarker to characterize cerebral glioma. Theranostic scheme targeting pathological connectome may innovate the management of glioma.

Topic: Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Genomic Legacies of Ancient Adaptation Illuminate GC-Content Evolution in Bacteria

GC content has been shown to be an important factor in microbial ecology and evolution, and the genomic GC of bacteria can be characterized by great intergenomic heterogeneity, high intragenomic homogeneity, and strong phylogenetic inertia, as well as being associated with the environment. Current hypotheses concerning direct selection or mutational biases cannot well explain these features simultaneously.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Food Consumption Pattern of Tribal Families in Nalgonda District, Andhrapradesh

A study was conducted to assess the food consumption pattern of tribal households in the rural areas of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh (A. P.). Data pertaining to the consumption pattern of different foods was collected with the helpof a structured questionnaire.Food and nutrient intake of the family members was assessed using 24-hour recall method. Consumption units were taken into consideration while calculating the individual food and nutrient intake. A total of 11,537 tribal households from rural areas of Nalgonda district were included in this study. The results of the study showed that rice was the staple food consumed by the population. Consumption of fats & oils, sugar & jaggery and roots & tubers was below recommended daily intake (RDI). Similarly, the diets of the households were also grossly deficient in micronutrients, especially iron, vitamin C and not meeting the Recommended Daily Allowances. This could be due to the poor intake of green leafy vegetables and fruits. Based on the results, it is felt that through health and nutrition education, we can bring change in the food consumption pattern. Promoting kitchen gardens in the villages also plays an important role in improving the in take of iron and vitamin C by increasing access and availability of green leafy vegetables.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sharing Knowledge, Building Knowledge: The Journal as a Community of Practice

Communities of practice have long been recognized as a vehicle for building and sharing knowledge and skills. With advances in technology, communities of practice are not limited by geographic proximity but now extend globally. This article describes how the Journal of Mental Health Counseling is a community of practice and suggests new uses of technology to enhance its impact on the mental health counseling profession.

Topic: Counseling Practices and Supervision
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences