jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of fish and rapeseed oils on growth performance, egg fatty acid composition and offspring quality of sterlet sturgeon (<i>Acipenser ruthenus</i>)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects (7-month experiment) of diets consisting of fish oil (Kilka fish) and vegetable oil (rapeseed) on the reproductive performance of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) broodstock. Forty-five broodstock (990.3 ± 20.05 g) were randomly allocated to three different diet treatments. Three experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of fish oil (100% FO), vegetable oil (100% VO), and a combination of fish and vegetable oil (50% FO + 50% VO). At the end of the 7-month feeding trial period, the weight gain and final weight were changed significantly different between the treatments (p < 0.05). Broodstock fed the FO + VO diet had higher growth than those fed the only FO or VO diets (p < 0.05). The highest germinal vesicle migration percentage was observed in FO + VO treatment (p < 0.05). The DHA/EPA, DHA/ARA and EPA/ARA ratios in oocyte exhibited a significant difference in the different treatments (p < 0.05). This study indicates that nutrition of broodstock with diet including FO + VO (p < 0.05) can positively affect the growth performance of larvae compared with only FO or VO diets. Furthermore, the high levels of 18:1n-9, AL and ALA contents in oocytes from broodstock fed VO and the lowest ALA content in oocytes from broodstock fed FO underlined the important role of broodstock diets in the reproductive process and embryonic and/or larval developments of sterlet.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial externalities and growth in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil world: Theory and evidence

This paper presents a theoretical growth model that accounts for technological interdependence among regions in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil world. The reasoning behind the theoretical work is that technological ideas cannot be fully appropriated by investors and these ideas may diffuse and increase the productivity of other firms. We link the diffusion of ideas to spatial proximity and allow for ideas to flow to nearby regional economies. Through the magic of solving for the reduced form of the theoretical model and the magic of spatial autoregressive processes, the simple dependence on a small number of neighbouring regions leads to a reduced form theoretical model and an associated empirical model where changes in a single region can potentially impact all other regions. This implies that conventional regression interpretations of the parameter estimates would be wrong. The proper way to interpret the model has to rely on matrices of partial derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to changes in the Mankiw-Romer-Weil variables, using scalar summary measures for reporting the estimates of the marginal impacts from the model. The summary impact measure estimates indicate that technological interdependence among European regions works through physical rather than human capital externalities.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 893289: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION IN THE HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT OF AUSTRALIA'S DROUGHT STRICKEN RURAL COMMUNITIES

The study examines innovations implemented by small business in rural Australia to overcome the effects of the drought. Focus group meetings with a total sample of 32 owner/managers in six rural communities revealed that the innovations were generally small, incremental and associated with daily operations. They were aimed at protecting or growing markets, accessing resources and operating efficiently. These innovations were necessary to conserve scare resources in an environment of declining markets and tight profit margins. Despite this general trend, some innovations were significant. These were radical in nature and took the form of organisational restructuring and market development through mergers and acquisitions, and product and market diversifications. They were highly risky but made notable contributions to the communities. Good and careful planning and access to resources can help mitigate some of the risks associated with these high end innovations.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Effect of a new carbon dioxide laser and fluoride on sound and demineralized enamel&lt;/title&gt;

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that irradiation of dental enamel by a TEA carbon dioxide laser together with fluoride, can effectively inhibit caries-like progression in sound and demineralized enamel. Blocks of human sound and demineralized dental enamel were divided into 11 treatment groups. Eighty enamel blocks were partially demineralized in a 50 percent HAP/0.1 M lactic acid/carbopol solution. Samples were treated with/without laser and/or F according to the above groups. The blocks were then submitted to 5 days of pH cycling. Microradiography was performed on 100 micrometers thin sections to determine the relative mineral loss as (Delta) Z and the percentage of caries inhibition for the laser and F treated groups. Mean (Delta) Z values for groups I-X were, respectively: 1043; 683; 614; 2294; 1803; 1708; 1547; 1791; 1656;; and 1385. The percent caries inhibition for groups II, III, V-X was respectively: 35, 41; 49; 62; 42; 53 and 76 percent. The combination of this new TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser and F treatment produced a significant protective effect against lesion progression.

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FASB ASC § 740 simplification of income taxes: An evaluation of the effects on U.S. corporate financial statements from 2015‐present

Abstract The FASB Codification is a key document in financial accounting as it serves the role of authoritative guidance for a majority of the field. The main problem associated with the Codification comes from its unwieldly complexity, which can give rise to corruption in financial reporting, compliance issues, and general difficulty in application. To combat such issues, FASB has undertaken several projects, referred to as the simplification initiative, to reduce complexity in order to provide better cost‐benefit usage of the guidance. Simplification of the Codification also provides several supplemental benefits, such as closer guidance to IFRS standards and reduced corruption activities. An examination of the impacts of the simplification initiative on corporate financial accounting relating to accounting standards update (ASC) § 740, accounting for income taxes demonstrates the benefits of simplification, as well as any detriments that may exist. By looking at the history of simplification and taxes, certain estimations of the effects of future changes may be determined.

Topic: Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Crizotinib, a c-Met Inhibitor, Prevents Metastasis in a Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Model

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults and half of the primary tumors will develop fatal metastatic disease to the liver and the lung. Crizotinib, an inhibitor of c-Met, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS1, inhibited the phosphorylation of the c-Met receptor but not of ALK or ROS1 in uveal melanoma cells and tumor tissue. Consequently, migration of uveal melanoma cells was suppressed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; at a concentration associated with the specific inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation. This effect on cell migration could be recapitulated with siRNA specific to c-Met but not to ALK or ROS1. Therefore, we developed a uveal melanoma metastatic mouse model with EGFP–luciferase-labeled uveal melanoma cells transplanted by retro-orbital injections to test the effect of crizotinib on metastasis. In this model, there was development of melanoma within the eye and also metastases to the liver and lung at 7 weeks after the initial transplantation. When mice were treated with crizotinib starting 1 week after the transplantation, we observed a significant reduction in the development of metastases as compared with untreated control sets. These results indicate that the inhibition of c-Met activity alone may be sufficient to strongly inhibit metastasis of uveal melanoma from forming, suggesting crizotinib as a potential adjuvant therapy for patients with primary uveal melanoma who are at high risk for the development of metastatic disease. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(12); 2817–26. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficient maintenance of binary search trees

This thesis is concerned with the efficient maintenance of binary search trees. Two techniques are used to improve the performance of binary search trees: balance and adaptation.
In the area of balance techniques, we introduce the class of k-stratum trees, which have the property that any two external nodes are no more than k levels apart. This implies that the height of a k-stratum tree of n internal nodes is at most $\lceil \log(n + 1)\rceil + k - 1.$ We prove that 2-stratum trees of height at most$$\left\lceil \log(n + 1) + {1\over\sqrt{\log(n + 1)}}\right\rceil$$can be updated in $O(\log n)$ amortized time. We also prove that trees with at most log* $n-3$ incomplete levels can be updated in $O(\log n)$ amortized time with amortized constant linkage cost (CLC); that is, with a constant amortized number of pointer changes per operation.
In the area of adaptation techniques, we investigate constant linkage cost adaptive heuristics. We prove that no heuristic with an amortized linkage cost of $o(\log n)$ can be dynamically optimal. We also propose a new method for analyzing the expected time based on measuring what we call the expected amortized time, and we present four randomized heuristics. These include a worst-case-CLC heuristic that supports only accesses and has an expected search time within a constant factor of the search time of an optimal static tree if accesses are chosen by a user that cannot inspect the accessed tree; and an expected-CLC heuristic that supports both accesses and updates and has an expected operation time of $O(\log n).$ Our heuristics require only constant extra space and have logarithmic expected performance even if operations are performed by an adversary capable of inspecting the tree.

Topic: Algorithms and Data Compression
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biological Mediator-Propelled Nanosweeper for Nonpharmaceutical Thrombus Therapy

Traditional thrombolytic drugs offer limited outcomes due to short circulation half-life and low utilization. Herein, we have designed and constructed a biological mediator-propelled nanosweeper for highly efficient nonpharmaceutical thrombolysis and prevention of thrombus recurrence. Under the near-infrared light irradiation, the nanosweepers were activated to trigger nitric oxide (NO) release, which propelled the nanosweepers to penetrate deeply into the thrombus and resulted in enhanced site-pecific mechanical and photothermal thrombolysis. The experimental evidence confirmed that the ingenious nanosweeper displayed excellent site-specific thrombolytic efficacy even when compared with the clinical thrombolytic drug. In the meantime, as a biological mediator, the release of NO could effectively prevent thrombus recurrence <i>in vivo</i>. Overall, we anticipated that the nanosweeper would provide a promising strategy for the treatment of thrombi.

Topic: Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Outer Tantras

Abstract This chapter deals with vehicles 4-6, the so-called three “outer tantras": kriyā, upāya, and yoga tantra. Each of these various vehicles is treated under four main topics: (1) view, (2) meditation, (3) practice, and (4) result. The discussion of these vehicles ends with Rogben’s refutation of each.

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of Ditch Plug Designs and Construction Methods for the Blocking of Field Ditches to Restore Wetland Hydrology in the Coastal Plains of South Carolina

Approximately seventy-five ditch plugs were installed in the coastal plains of SouthCarolina to restore wetland hydrology to sites under the federal Wetland Reserve Program(WRP) from 1997 to 2000. Some problems were encountered with the early ditch plugs and thedesigns and construction methods were modified over time. A visual inspection and evaluationof selected ditch plugs was completed in the spring of 2001 and recommendations are made asto the most successful ditch plug configuration. 1.) Borrow for the ditch plug should beupstream and not immediately adjacent to the plug. 2.) Wing dikes should be part of thedesign. 3.) Placing rock riprap on the downstream end of the plug should be considered toprovide any overflow water access back into the channel without causing erosion. 4.) A ditchplug can be allowed to naturalize with native vegetation and does not require the maintenancethat a dike across the ditch would require. 5.) When a steady flow of water is expected over theplug, a plug constructed of crusher-run gravel and riprap works well.

Topic: Environmental Conservation and Management
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Soil Composition Determination Based on Soil Optical Properties in the Thermal Infrared

Current research into the use of electro‐optical sensing modalities for the detection of landmines and other objects in complex backgrounds has led to the need to understand the optical properties of background materials (e.g., soils) in more detail. In particular, the use of spectral and polarimetric signatures in the optical and infrared domains has been the subject of much study; an understanding of soil, foliage, and other background optical properties and their variations is critical to evaluating the utility of these signatures. Our research examined both soil polarimetric signatures and emissive characteristics in the context of a real world environment; specifically, we examined the infrared spectral and polarimetric properties of soil components within the complex natural radiative environment. A modified Hapke radiative transfer model was employed to compute these properties. This paper will present a brief overview of this computational model and results from the optical property calculations for several mineral types and soil compositions. In a parallel study, hyperspectral data of soils were analyzed and compared to evaluate the influence of local environmental conditions on soil spectral features. The results of this study will also be presented and compared to the modeling computations.

Topic: Remote Sensing and Land Use
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The New GATT Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Legal and Economic Problems. Edited by Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann and Meinhard Hilf. Deventer, Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1988. Pp. x, 597. Index. Dfl.250; £81; $144.

The New GATT Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Legal and Economic Problems. Edited by Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann and Meinhard Hilf. Deventer, Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1988. Pp. x, 597. Index. Dfl.250; £81; $144. - Volume 84 Issue 1

Topic: World Trade Organization Law
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PROS AND CONS OF 'ORBITA' TELEVISION SATELLITE SYSTEM DISCUSSED,

A brief news article is presented of the Soviet Orbita, an artificial earth satellite system which now transmits television pictures and sound to 65 percent of the USSR. The next Five Year Plan will see a climb in this figure, 82 to 85 percent. A special seminar on 'Orbita' programming was held in Ulan Ude in the fall of 1969. It was attended by station representatives from cities in Siberia and the Far East. In addition to remarks concerning delays and disruptions in transmissions, the group also heard serious complaints against programming management and content. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
β2 adrenergic receptors and leptin interplay to decrease food intake in chicken

1. The present study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of different α and [Formula: see text] adrenergic receptor antagonists on leptin-induced hypophagia in broiler chickens.2. The study consisted of six experiments. In all experiments, chickens were deprived of feed for 3 h prior to the ICV injections and thereafter were returned immediately to the individual cages and cumulative feed intake, based on the percentage of body weight, was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection.3. In experiment 1, leptin (2.5, 5 or 10 µg) were injected in birds. In experiment 2, groups received either control solution, prazosin (10 nmol), leptin (10 µg) or a co-injection of prazosin (10 nmol) and leptin (10 µg). The other experiments were conducted as experiment 2, but instead of prazosine (10 nmol), yohimbine (13 nmol) was used in experiment 3, metoprolol (24 nmol) in experiment 4, ICI 118,551 (5 nmol) in experiment 5 and SR 59230R (5 nmol) in experiment 6 were injected either in a group or in combination with leptin (10 µg).4. The results of this study revealed a dose-dependent hypophagic effect of leptin and, in experiment 5, ICV co-injection of ICI118, 551 (5 nmol) and leptin (10 µg) significantly attenuated this effect (P˂0.5). These results suggest that the hypophagic effect of leptin is probably mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors in chickens.

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of sub-micron pillar array on DNA kinetics in a free-solution capillary electrophoresis microsystem

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of a sub-micron pillar array, embedded in the separation channel, on DNA kinetics in a free-solution capillary electrophoresis microsystem. DNA plugs have been observed to migrate with different velocity depending on the cross-sectional shape of the pillars. This velocity variation can be partly explained by the electric field re-distribution due to the pillar array. Numerical simulations have been carried out to verify the effect of the sub-micron pillar geometry on the electric field distribution, and the computations of DNA plug velocity are qualitatively consistent with the measurements.

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A179L, a New Viral Bcl2 Homolog Targeting Beclin 1 Autophagy Related Protein

Autophagy is a relevant cellular defense mechanism that directly eliminates intracellular pathogens and has a crucial role for innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses have developed tools to counteract this cellular response. A179L, the viral Bcl2 homolog of African swine fever virus, interacts with proapoptotic Bcl2 family proteins to inhibit apoptosis. Here we report that this gene manipulates autophagy by interacting with Beclin 1 through its BH3 homology domain. At subcellular level, A179L colocalized with Beclin 1 at mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Virus infection inhibited autophagosome formation in cells; however, when autophagy was induced prior to or at the time of infection the number of infected cells was severely decreased.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SOUND INSULATION PERFORMANCES OF WINDOWS: EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TRAFFIC NOISE SPECTRA IN LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENT

The influence of the traffic spectra characteristics on the indoor noise transmitted by windows is evaluated by means of in the field measurements. Fourteen different traffic noise spectra are registered, choosing different situations of traffic speed and intensity conditions, both for vehicles and trains. Spectra are reproduced outside a typical residential building: the measurement methodology is the same of the one given by the standard 140-5, but further than the classic pink or white noise all the fourteen spectra are tested. The A weighted levels abatements depend strictly on the different kind of spectra with no changeability of the window performances. Moreover, the paper contains a comparison between the spectrum adaptation terms C and Ctr given by the standard ISO 717-1 to correct the facade insulation index.

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case Report: Isolated Pontine Lesion in Hypertensive of a Pregnant Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiologic diagnosis characterised by headache, seizures, altered mental status, and a spectrum of visual deficits ranging from visual neglect to cortical blindness. PRES manifestation is a situation of medical emergency; however, it is a fully reversible condition, especially when diagnosed and treated immediately. The main problem lies in the impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation which, in turn, leads to endothelial dysfunction and vasogenic brain oedema. MRI indicates cerebral oedema in the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes. Brainstem involvement is very rare in the literature. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia-related PRES is also rare in the literature. In this article, a case of PRES with only pons involvement in MRI after hypertensive attack in a pregnant patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia is presented. PRES may present only brainstem involvement, as seen in this present case. Whether or not mild hypertension and mild thrombocytopenia found in this case are associated with limited disease should be evaluated. Prolonged spreading depression may have a role in the pathophysiology of PRES.

Topic: Neurological Complications and Syndromes
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PEACE EDUCATION AND THE TEACHING OF HISTORY.

This essay examines the possibilities for peace education through the teaching of history, with a specific focus on the Queensland Senior Modern History Curriculum. An examination is made of the major themes within the Curriculum, namely, nationalism, internationalism, economic history, Asian and Australian history, imperialism, neo-imperialism, racism, and recent social and cultural history, and within each of these it is argued that there are substantive possibilities for teaching the value of peace. Essay

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences