jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two dynamic assessment situations for detecting development language disorder in monolingual and bilingual children

Bilingual children's language skills are strongly influenced by exposure to each of their languages, among other linguistic, environmental, and cognitive factors. In the speech and language therapy clinic, it is difficult to disentangle developmental language disorders from insufficient exposure. Dynamic assessment, which directly tests the learning potential of children, offers a promising solution for this dilemma. This study compares the clinical potential of two dynamic assessment situations, varying amount of adult mediation (autonomous computer game vs. interactive story reading with graduated cues), as well as item types (nouns, verbs, and inflections in sentences) and linguistic modalities and tasks (comprehension - word picture matching and acceptability judgement, production - free recall and picture naming). Forty-nine French monolingual and French-Portuguese bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder, aged 5;0 to 7;11 years, were include in the final analyses. Using Lasso regressions, we were able to determine which variables best explain the presence of disorder. A combination of all item types and predominantly receptive tasks, mostly from the interactive situation, was retained for very high classification accuracy (up to 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity). Language status showed no influence, which encourages the use of dynamic assessment in the context of speech and language assessment with bilingual children. This study adds to evidence that dynamic assessment is a promising task for identifying bilingual and monolingual children with developmental language disorder, particularly when the situation involves interaction with graduated cues.

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Therapy in Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 2

To the Editor: In vitro studies have shown that sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA) can partially correct the misstrafficking of some endoplasmic reticulum–retained bile salt export pump missense mutants (1,2). In vivo studies in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) patients carrying such mutants and treated orally with PBA (Ammonaps) have provided encouraging results with evidence for cholestasis improvement (1,2). Because of poor palatability and presentation, PBA administration and long-term adherence may be difficult (3). In addition, caution was made regarding possible hepatotoxicity due to interactions between PBA and rifampicin (4). After in vitro studies showing that the p.G982R endoplasmic reticulum–retained bile salt export pump missense mutant was partially retargeted to the canalicular membrane with PBA, a PFIC2 girl carrying heterozygous compound ABCB11 mutations (p.A257 V; p.G982R) was treated with PBA from 10 to 14.5 years (PBA: 275 mg · kg−1 · day−1; 12 g/day, 24 tablets/day) (1). PBA treatment allowed disappearance of pruritus and normalization of serum bile acid (sBA) concentration (patient 2 (1)). Rifampicin was progressively tapered down then stopped and no evidence for PBA hepatotoxicity was found (4). Between 15 and 17 years she took PBA very intermittently due to difficulties with its administration, the consequence being periods with pruritus and cholestasis recurrence (sBA: 4–252 μmol/L; N < 10). Then, the patient decided to totally stop PBA. She experienced unremitting pruritus with sBA being permanently >250 μmol/L. At 18 years we proposed her to start a treatment with glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) (Ravicti, not labeled for the use under discussion) at the dose of 11 g/day (10 mL/day) of GPB (8 g · m−2 · day−1, in 2 divided doses) (5). GPB, a triglyceride consisting of 3 molecules of sodium phenylbutyrate joined to glycerol has no sodium burden, and offers palatability and pharmacokinetic advantages over PBA (5,6). Because of a better flavor and a convenient liquid presentation compared to PBA, full adherence to GPB treatment was obtained. After 1 month, pruritus disappeared and sBA normalized (4.6 μmol/L). Follow-up at 3 and 8 months confirmed the absence of pruritus and cholestasis (sBA: 1.9 and 5 μmol/L). Serum liver tests, alpha-fetoprotein level, and liver elastography value (Supersonic Shear Imaging: 6 kPa) were normal. This report shows that in our PFIC2 patient GPB is as efficient as PBA to improve pruritus and cholestasis and allows good oral tolerance and therapeutic adherence.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustainability 101: A Workshop Series for Life After College

How can Smith better prepare students for a sustainable lifestyle after graduation? After researching the various methods of sustainable living, I decided to poll students on what abilities they already had, and through what method they would prefer to learn sustainable practices. Students overwhelming thought that a workshop series incorporating gardening, recycling, food preservation, and home selection would be the best way to learn sustainable practices. With that knowledge I created a syllabus for a 6 day workshop that could take place over January Term or as a Lunch Bag Series.

Topic: Sustainability in Higher Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Restoration of P-glycoprotein function is involved in the increase of natural killer activity with exogenous interleukin-15 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

A depressed level of natural killer (NK) activity is one of the various immunologic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), an immunotherapeutic candidate in HIV infection, increases NK activity and induces the excretion of CC-chemokines from divergent immune cells, but the mechanisms of NK activity enhancement by IL-15 stimulation is not clearly established in HIV infection. This study examined whether CC-chemokines, which are known to increase NK activity, are secreted adequately in HIV-infected individuals, and also investigated whether P-glycoprotein is involved in NK activity enhancement after IL-15 administration. NK activity increased with IL-15 stimulation in NK cells of HIV-infected individuals, as it does in normal NK cells. IL-15 stimulates NK cells to secrete CC-chemokines, such as, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), macrophage chemotactic protein-1alpha (MCP-1alpha) and regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) in both HIV-infected individuals and controls with no significant difference. P-glycoprotein expression and function is decreased in HIV-infected individuals and restored only in NK cells of HIV-infected individuals after IL-15 stimulation. P-glycoprotein may play a role in the mechanism of increased NK cell activity in HIV-infected individuals after IL-15 stimulation.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synergism of <scp>ApoE4</scp> and systemic infectious burden is mediated by the <scp>APOE</scp>‐<scp>NLRP3</scp> axis in Alzheimer's disease

Background Systemic infections are associated with the development of AD, especially in individuals carrying the APOE4 genotype. However, the detailed mechanism through which APOE4 affects microglia inflammatory response remains unclear. Methods We obtained human snRNA‐seq data from the Synapse AD Knowledge Portal and assessed the DEGs between APOE3 and APOE4 isoforms in microglia. To verify the interaction between ApoE and infectious products, we used ApoE to stimulate in vitro and in vivo models in the presence or absence of LPS (or ATP). The NLRP3 gene knockout experiment was performed to demonstrate whether the APOE‐NLRP3 axis was indispensable for microglia to regulate inflammation and mitochondrial autophagy. Results were evaluated by biochemical analyses and fluorescence imaging. Results Compared with APOE3, up‐regulated genes in APOE4 gene carriers were involved in pro‐inflammatory responses. ApoE4‐stimulation significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes and ROS in microglia. Moreover, compared with ApoE4 alone, the co‐incubation of ApoE4 with LPS (or ATP) markedly promoted pyroptosis. Both NF‐κB activation and mitochondrial autophagy dysfunction were contributed by the increased level of NLRP3 inflammasomes induced by ApoE4. Furthermore, the pathological impairment induced by ApoE4 could be reversed by NLRP3 KO. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of NLRP3 inflammasomes in linking ApoE4 with microglia innate immune function. These findings not only provide a molecular basis for APOE4‐mediated neuroinflammatory but also reveal the potential reason for the increased risk of AD in APOE4 gene carriers after contracting infectious diseases.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications to Entire Functions

AbstractLet f(z) be an entire function. The function u(z) ≔ log|f(z)| is subharmonic in ℝ2(= ℂ). Hence the scale of growth subharmonic functions considered in Section 2.8 is transferred completely to entire functions. We will mark passing to entire function by changing index u for index f. For example, $$ M\left( {r,f} \right): = M\left( {r,log\left| f \right|} \right),T\left( {r,f} \right): = T\left( {r,log\left| f \right|} \right). $$ If u(z) ≔ log|f(z)| has order ρ[u] = ρ, then f(z) has order ρ[f] ≔ ρ and so on.KeywordsMaximum PrincipleUnit CircleEntire FunctionMeromorphic FunctionSubharmonic FunctionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Meromorphic and Entire Functions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Population Dynamics of Tomato Fruit Borer &lt;i&gt;Helicoverpa Armigera&lt;/i&gt;

In order to gain a better understanding of the seasonal development and dynamics of tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on tomato in the Zaid season 2022, an experimental study was carried out in the state of Punjab. The population distribution of fruit borer pest is influenced during the growth season of the crop by abiotic conditions, and these factors can have either a favourable or negative effect. As a result of the fact that tomatoes can be cultivated during a variety of seasons, one can see vivid population dynamics in case of fruit borer during the Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMW). In the current experiment, the first occurance of a fruit borer was noticed during the 11th standard meterological week (the second week of March), and the population reached its highest peak during the 18th and 19th SMW (the first week of May). According to the findings of the correlation studies, maximum and minimum temperature have a significant positive relationship in either enhancing or lowering the population of fruit borers.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The PsyD: Heterogeneity in Practitioner Training.

The paucity of research on PsyD programs has led to unsubstantiated generalizations and uniformity myths about practitioner training. The authors collected information on the admission rates, financial assistance, theoretical orientations, and selected characteristics of American Psychological Association (APA)–accredited PsyD programs in clinical psychology (89% response rate). Systematic comparisons were made between PsyD programs housed in university departments, university professional schools, and freestanding institutions to describe the differences and commonalities among the heterogeneous PsyD programs. Empirical comparisons were provided among APA-accredited PsyD, practice-oriented PhD, and research-oriented PhD programs in clinical psychology to highlight the distinctive features of PsyD programs.

Topic: Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Subfield: General Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
n i n e <i>The Newtonian Program of thePrize Essay and Kant's Crisis</i> The Struggle for Freedom

Abstract This chapter explores the aftermath of Only Possible Argument and the Prize Essay (1764). Section 1 examines the curious preface of Kant’s third book, the exchange with Mendelssohn, and Kant’s growing metaphysical misgivings. Section 2 describes how Kant first arrives at the problem of the possibility of metaphysics and its initial analytic solution. Section 3 discusses Kant’s proposed methodology, its inspiration by Newton and Euler, and its relation to Spinoza’s geometric method and Tschirnhaus’s experimental method. Section 4 examines Kant’s conception of intuitive certainty of conceptual truth, the role of Crusius, and the exchange with Lambert.

Topic: Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
American Alligator Research on the Kennedy Space Center

This slide presentation reviews the research conducted at the Kennedy Space Center on the American Alligator. The objectives of the research were to establish life history baseline at the Kennedy Space Center and at the Merit Island National Wildlife Reserve (MINWR). Some of the factors that were examined are: nesting success, movement patterns, and population structure. Another objective was to determine the overall health of the alligator population, by analyzing blood and tissue chemistry, and urine analysis. A third objective was to compare alligators at KSC/MINWR to the statewide population. Some of the results are shown in charts and graphs.

Topic: Ichthyology and Marine Biology
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and activation of carbon nanospheres for adsorption of organic pollutants

In this project, NaOH activated carbon nanosphere is used to investigate the adsorption capabilities for organic pollutants. As the activated carbon has extremely high adsorption capability, it is widely used in the wastewater treatment process. In this project, carbon nanospheres (CNS) was synthesized from glucose via an environmentally friendly procedure and the adsorption capability is being optimized. Methylene Blue (MB) was used as a model organic pollutant to investigate the adsorption capability of the CNS. It has been shown that NaOH activated CNS exhibit the most impressive adsorption capability at pH 10. The adsorption test was extended to 3 other similar organic dyes which are positively charged in nature. Results showed that all 3 different dyes could be adsorbed on the activated CNS surface but they occur at different rates due to the size difference of the organic dyes. UV regeneration and chemical regeneration methods were used to recycle the spent activated CNS (SA-CNS). The UV lamp proved to be ineffective in removing MB molecules from the SA-CNS. The chemical regeneration test involved the use of Cobalt nitrate and oxone to reactivate SA-CNS. This experiment proved to be effective in degrading the MB molecules from the surface of the SA-CNS. The maximum amount of MB dye which could be adsorbed on CNS surface was also determined (0.24g/ gram of CNS).

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Denture materials and acrylic base materials.

Modifications in denture plastics, including acrylics containing butadiene-styrenes, block copolymers to increase toughness, and those with added soluble heavy-element salts to increase radiopacity are described. Developments in processing of denture bases by microwave, laser, and injection methods are described. Also reviewed are acrylics and their dimensional stability, including the effect of artificial salivas on properties. In addition, the rheological, glass transition, dynamic, impact, and fatigue properties of denture acrylics are presented. Adhesion of polymers to plastics and metals is reviewed, as well as the biocompatibility and adhesion of organisms to denture plastics. Soft denture materials are reviewed with respect to research on new materials and to clinical evaluations of existing products. Finally, studies on the wear of denture teeth are summarized.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Association of methyltetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation, homocysteine level with semen quality of Iraqi infertile males

Abstract Background Infertility is very common condition and almost 50% of cases are due to male factors. Several genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the poor quality and reduced number of sperms in several cases of infertility. The present study was designed to investigate the association between semen parameters, homocysteine, and the risk of C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene in infertile males of Iraqi population. Methods This Case–control study has been conducted from February 2019 to July 2021 at a molecular laboratory in the Anatomy and Histology Department/college of Medicine/University of Kufa/Najaf/Iraq. It was composed of 353 infertile male patients. They were divided into five groups: 90 azoospermic, 84 oligospermia, 64 asthenospermic, 50 oligoasthenospermic, and 65 teratospermic with an age range 20–46 years compared with 100 fertile males as control with age range 21–49 years. In order to detect homocysteine levels, we used Hcy ELISA Kit. C677T mutation of MTHFR gene was employed by PCR–RFLP technique. Results Our data revealed three genotypes of MTHFR C677T, 167 (47.3%) subjects had CC genotype, 116 (32.9%) subjects had CT genotype and 70 (21.1%) subjects had TT genotype. Furthermore, T allele was associated with higher risk of infertility in all patients groups for any genetic model. In total infertile subjects (codominant model: CT vs. CC, OR = 2.0, 95% C.I = 1.2–3.3, P = 0.011; TT vs. CC, OR = 4.8, 95% C.I = 3.3–8.2, P = 0.0003; dominant model: CT + TT vs. CC, OR = 2.8, 95% C.I = 1.7–4.5, P = 0.0001). Oligoasthenospermic patients associated with higher risk in CT heterozygous genotype (OR = 2.8, 95% C.I = 1.0–4.9, P = 0.03) and TT homozygous of mutant allele (OR = 6.3, 95% C.I = 1.9–9.2, P = 0.002). Homocystein level was elevated in all infertile groups when compared with control group ( P &lt; 0.01), but the elevation was marked in oligoasthenospermia group. As well as, the level of Serum Hcy exhibited the highest value in TT mutant genotype (39.7 µmol/ml) followed by CT genotype (28.5 µmol/ml) while the lowest level of Hcy recorded in CC genotype (14.6 µmol/ml) for oligoasthenospermia group. Conclusions By relating the MTHFR C677T gene mutation with a higher homocystein level, the results showed that Iraqi males with this mutation are more likely to suffer from infertility.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
P1642High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP and their relationship to heart failure in the European BiomarCaRE population

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is an increasingly important contributor to the overall burden of cardiovascular disease in the population. We aimed to determine the distribution of the cardiac biomarkers high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations across the European population to characterize the association with incident HF. Methods and results Based on the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE)-project, we analysed data of 48,455 individuals from four prospective population-based cohort studies (DanMONICA, FINRISK, Moli-Sani, Northern Sweden MONICA study) across Europe with a maximum follow-up of 27 years. The median age of the participants was 50.7 years (25th percentile: 40.0 years, 75th percentile: 61.7 years) and 49.1% (25,146) were men. Considered endpoints were incident HF and all-cause mortality. The median follow-up time for occurrence of HF was 6.61 (6.55; 6.66) years. We found that cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), especially diabetes with HR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.8, 2.5) and smoking status with HR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.59, 2.1) (Figure 1) were associated with incident HF. Furthermore, beyond the CVRFs, elevated hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP concentrations contributed to risk of HF in the general population with HR of 1.49 (95% CI 1.21, 1.9) and HR of 2.37 (95% CI 1.97, 3.0) respectively. As a cut-off value to select individuals, who would benefit most from preventive strategies, a hs-cTnI concentration of 2.8 ng/L was calculated using the optimal cut-off methodology by Contal and O'Quigley in CSDA 1999. Hazard ratio for incident HF Conclusion In our large population-based cohort, hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP were independently associated with incident HF. Use of biomarkers for HF screening thus may help to select those individuals in the general population who would benefit most from preventive strategies. Based on the cut-off value future studies are needed to evaluate therapeutic options.

Topic: GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rethinking Canadian Discourses of “Reasonable Accommodation”

This article maps the repercussions of the use of reasonable accommodation, a recent framework referenced inside and outside Canadian courtrooms to respond to religiously framed differences. Drawing on three cases from Ontario and Quebec, we trace how the notion of reasonable accommodation—now invoked by the media and in public discourse—has moved beyond its initial legal moorings. After outlining the cases, we critique the framework with attention to its tendency to create theological arbitrators who assess reasonableness, and for how it rigidifies ‘our values’ in hierarchical ways. We propose an alternative model that focuses on navigation and negotiation and that emphasizes belonging, inclusion and lived religion.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Stacking Machine Learning Method for IL-10-Induced Peptide Sequence Recognition Based on Unified Deep Representation Learning

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has anti-inflammatory properties and is a crucial cytokine in regulating immunity. The identification of IL-10 through wet laboratory experiments is costly and time-intensive. Therefore, a new IL-10-induced peptide recognition method, IL10-Stack, was introduced in this research, which was based on unified deep representation learning and a stacking algorithm. Two approaches were employed to extract features from peptide sequences: Amino Acid Index (AAindex) and sequence-based unified representation (UniRep). After feature fusion and optimized feature selection, we selected a 1900-dimensional UniRep feature vector and constructed the IL10-Stack model using stacking. IL10-Stack exhibited excellent performance in IL-10-induced peptide recognition (accuracy (ACC) = 0.910, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.820). Relative to the existing methods, IL-10Pred and ILeukin10Pred, the approach increased in ACC by 12.1% and 2.4%, respectively. The IL10-Stack method can identify IL-10-induced peptides, which aids in the development of immunosuppressive drugs.

Topic: vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences