jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Precambrian Rb-Sr chronology in the Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado

The Precambrian rocks of the Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado, have undergone two major cycles of sedimentation, metamorphism, and igneous intrusion. The earlier events of the first cycle (eugeosynclinal deposition, formation of the 1780-m.y.-old Twilight granite (L. T. Silver and Fred Barker), and metamorphism to amphibolite facies) are not discussed in this paper. The later events of that cycle include intrusion of the post-kinematic Tenmile granite 1720±50 m.y. ago, granite of Bakers Bridge 1711±80 m.y. ago, and Whitehead granite 1675±74 m.y. ago, with ages determined by the Rb-Sr whole-rock method. Erosion, deposition of the Uncompahgre formation, folding, and low-to-intermediate rank metamorphism took place in the interval 1675–1466 m.y. and were followed by post-kinematic intrusion of the Eolus granite and the granite of Florida River 1466±27 m.y. ago and of the gabbro of Electra Lake 1454±50 m.y. ago. The Eolus and Florida River intrusives yield mineral isochrons of 1430±35, 1410±29, and 1390±60 m.y., and the Electra Lake body yields mineral isochrons in the range 1456±1424 m.y. The last known Precambrian event in the Needle Mountains was the intrusion of the stock of Trimble granite and of rhyolite porphyry dikes 1350±50 m.y. ago.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Treatment of neoplastic fever and sweats in two cancer patients with oxybutynin.

128 Background: Treatment for neoplastic fevers and sweating (NFS) is usually accomplished successfully with non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen, but such therapies may be contraindicated in some patients due to drug interactions, bleeding diathesis, renal disease, or cirrhosis. Options for treating NFS in such patients are limited. Methods: We report the first use of oxybutynin (OxyB), commonly used for hyperhidrosis and increasingly used for hormonally mediated hot flashes (Smith TJ, NEJM 2018; Leon-Ferre R, SABCS 2018, under review in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, for NFS in NSAID-ineligible or refractory patients. Results: Two patients with NFS were treated. The first was a 70 year old (yo) woman with cholangiocarcinoma with 3 months of NFS for whom naproxen was ineffective and who was starting chemotherapy. Within 2 hours after 2.5 mg OxyB q12h her sweating was gone, and her fever, which had been up to 100.4F, never resumed. The second was a 52 yo male with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who was prescribed 2.5 mg q12h OxyB with lysis of his fever within hours and cessation of his sweating. To date, over one month has passed with no reduction in efficacy. Conclusions: OxyB may be a successful treatment modality for patients with NFS who cannot be treated with or are refractory to NSAIDs. Further research is warranted to ensure stability of results over time and to monitor for side effects.

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acupuncture at ST<sub>36</sub> prevents chronic stress-induced increases in neuropeptide Y in rat

Chronic stress, as seen in post-traumatic stress disorder, can exacerbate existing diseases. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed to treat chronic stress, although information on its efficacy or mechanism(s) of action is limited. While many factors contribute to the chronic stress response, the sympathetic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), has been shown to be elevated in chronic stress and is hypothesized to contribute to the physiological stress response. Our objective was to determine if EA at acupuncture point stomach 36 (ST 36 ) is effective in mitigating cold stress-induced increase in NPY in rats. Both pretreatment and concomitant treatment with EA ST 36 effectively suppressed peripheral and central NPY after 14 d of cold stress ( P &lt; 0.05). The effect was specific, as NPY in Sham-EA rats was not different than observed in stress-only rats. Additionally, the effect of EA ST 36 was long-lasting, as NPY levels remained suppressed despite early cessation of EA ST 36 , while exposure to cold stress was continued. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), it was notable that changes in NPY mirrored plasma NPY levels, and that the significant elevation in PVN Y1 receptor observed with stress was also prevented with EA ST 36 . The findings indicate that EA ST 36 is effective in preventing one of the sympathetic pathways stimulated during chronic stress, and thus may be a useful adjunct therapy in stress-related disorders.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Discovery of GSK2193874: An Orally Active, Potent,\nand Selective Blocker of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4

Transient\nReceptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a member of\nthe Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels.\nTRPV4 is expressed in the vascular endothelium in the lung and regulates\nthe integrity of the alveolar septal barrier. Increased pulmonary\nvascular pressure evokes TRPV4-dependent pulmonary edema, and therefore,\ninhibition of TRPV4 represents a novel approach for the treatment\nof pulmonary edema associated with conditions such as congestive heart\nfailure. Herein we report the discovery of an orally active, potent,\nand selective TRPV4 blocker, 3-(1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-ylmethyl)-7-bromo-&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)­phenyl]-4-quinolinecarboxamide\n(GSK2193874, &lt;b&gt;28&lt;/b&gt;) after addressing an unexpected off-target\ncardiovascular liability observed from &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies.\nGSK2193874 is a selective tool for elucidating TRPV4 biology both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Methane Leak Detection and Localization Using Wireless Sensor Networks for Remote Oil and Gas Operations

Oil and gas operations contribute on the order of 31% (according to EPA) to the portion of methane emissions due to human activities. Identifying and localizing these emission sources requires continued development of better sensing modalities. We present a sensor network and cloud based methods for detecting, localizing, and quantifying methane leaks with a focus on natural gas fracking sites. The sensor network is designed for year round remote autonomous operation and includes methane and wind sensing abilities.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Method for the Determination of the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) in Commingled Contexts from Isolated Teeth

Teeth are the most resilient hard tissue recovered in archaeological contexts. Often teeth may be the most well-preserved, or even the only, remains found. This is especially true of commingled contexts, where many of the skeletal elements may be fragmented beyond identification. This fragmentation makes the recording of an accurate minimum number of individuals (MNI) challenging. Excavations at the site of Patakfalva-Papdomb, Transylvania, Romania encountered an ossuary containing fragmented commingled skeletal remains. Fragmentation and taphonomic damage has made calculations of MNI challenging in this context. However, teeth were consistently found and identified in relatively good condition. As a result of their preservation, an MNI count was attempted through tooth identification and analysis. This process was conducted in a four-step process of sorting in which teeth were classified by adult or deciduous, type of tooth, maxillary or mandibular as well as side. Next, the teeth were evaluated for age estimation by root apex closure when present and finally MNI was assessed taking into consideration the potential overlap of deciduous and permanent teeth. From this method, a likely MNI of 62 individuals over the age 13 (±2 yrs) and 20 individuals under the age of 10 were recorded, which correlates with the MNI calculated from postcranial elements. We therefore present this method as an alternative to determining MNI in highly fragmented and/or poorly preserved assemblages.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
‘And I'd like to thank my wife…’: Gender dynamics and the ethnic ‘family business’

(1993). ‘And I'd like to thank my wife…’: Gender dynamics and the ethnic ‘family business’. Australian Feminist Studies: Vol. 8, No. 17, pp. 93-108.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Basic Mastitis Microbiology for Veterinary Technicians

Mastitis culturing programs provide a wealth of information to dairy farms for their milk quality control and treatment programs. Labs providing this information can be in-house at veterinary clinics or on-farm. Laboratories must have established protocols for collecting and handling proper samples, identifying bacterial isolates, reporting results and quality control. Veterinary technicians can be integral in the setting up and day-to-day operation of these labs, both in-house and on-farm.

Topic: Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Condition Monitoring to Enable Predictive Maintenance on a Six-Die Nut Manufacturing Machine through Force Data Analysis

Nut fasteners are produced by machines working around the clock. Companies generally operate with a run-to-failure or planned maintenance approach. Even with a planned maintenance schedule, however, undetected damage to the dies and non-die parts occurring between maintenance periods can cause considerable downtime and pervasive damage to the machine. To address this shortcoming, force data from the fourth and sixth dies of a six-die nut manufacturing machine were analysed using correlation to the best health condition on the force profile and on the force shock response spectrum profile. Fault features such as quality adjustments and damage to both die and non-die parts were detectable prior to required maintenance or machine failure. This detection was facilitated by the determination of health thresholds, whereby the force SRS profile generated a longer warning period prior to failure. The analytical approach could benefit the industry by identifying damage that would normally go undetected by operators, thereby reducing downtime, extending die life, enabling “as needed” maintenance, and optimising machine operation.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Implementation of a Stress Management Program for Health Care Workers Through a Rural Occupational Health Clinic

Background: Stress affects U.S. healthcare workers (HCWs) and costs US$191 billion annually. About 30% to 50% of healthcare providers report burnout. Based on an assessment of a U.S. rural hospital system, 94% of workers experienced negative health consequences. We conducted a quality improvement (QI) project for the purpose of implementing a stress management program for HCWs in a hospital system. Methods: A total of 500 HCWs were informed of the program through hospital communication channels. Using the Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) process, we screened workers presenting to the occupational health clinic for care. Project team members recruited other workers for stress screening throughout the organization. Interventions included contacting workers with elevated scores on the Perceived Stress Survey (PSS; N = 213). The nurse practitioner scheduled them for a shared-decision-making (SDM) appointment ( N = 33) where workers were informed of and encouraged to participate in stress reduction activities. Surveys were used to assess effectiveness of SDM appointments and the stress reduction activities. After each 2-week PDSA cycle, interventions were adjusted. Findings: Of the 42% ( N = 213) of workers who were screened for stress, 24% ( n = 52) had elevated scores. Fifty percent ( n = 26) completed an SDM appointment. Participants reported an 86% assurance level that they would use personalized stress management plans. Participants utilizing the interventions ( n = 271) reported 25% to 72% reduced stress levels. Conclusions/Application to Practice: This successful project, in a rural setting, included workers across job classifications. Team engagement, PSS screening, SDM opportunities, and stress management activities were project strengths. This low-cost project can be replicated.

Topic: Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of body condition and previous nutrition on the herbage intakes of ewes grazing autumn pastures at two sward heights

Abstract To examine the effects of body condition and previous nutrition on the herbage intake of ewes grazing swards of different heights in autumn, 96 Scottish Blackface X Border Leicester ewes with a wide range of body condition (score 1·75 to 3·50), were initially housed and given 50 g dry matter (DM) per kg metabolic live weight (M) 0·75 per day (treatment L) or 95 g DM per kg M 0·75 per day (treatment H) of a pelleted dried grass diet (11·6 MJ metabolizable energy per kg DM) for 6 weeks after weaning in July. The H ewes gained more live weight (9·0 v. 2·7 kg) and body condition score (0·39 v. 0·17) than the L ewes. Half the animals from each treatment were then allocated to each of two ryegrass pastures with a sward height of 5 cm (LS) or 10 cm (HS) for a further 6-week grazing period. During the grazing period there was no significant effect of indoor feeding level on herbage intake, but the L ewes gained more live weight (6·4 v. 5·0 kg) than the H ewes. On the HS, compared with the LS sward, mean herbage intakes were higher (70·0 v. 60·5 g DM per kg M 0·75 ) as were gains in live weight and condition score (7·9 v. 3·4 kg; 0·18 v. 0·0). There were no interactions between the effects of sward height and previous feeding level on herbage intake. Ewes in low body condition (&lt; 2·5) at the start of the grazing period ingested the same amount of herbage on both swards (70·3 g DM per kg M 0·75 ) whereas ewes in high body condition (&gt; 2·5) ingested more (67·0 v. 51·6 g DM per kg M 0·75 ) on the HS compared with the LS sward. The responses of ewes in low and high body condition to different sward heights are discussed in relation to appetite drive and aspects of grazing behaviour.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Related sequences and their correlations

In this chapter we briefly review some of the sequences that are related to m-sequences, many of which have found applications in communications. See also Section 15.5, where the linear span of sequences derived from m-sequences is discussed. Further information on these and many other sequences may be found in Helleseth and Kumar's survey article [88], Cusick, Ding, and Renvall's monograph [35], and Golomb and Gong's textbook [63].

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bilin Chromophores as Reporters of Unique Protein Conformations of Phycocyanin 645

At 45 degrees C, phycocyanin 645 maximally undergoes a reversible and stable conformational change. The change is observed in the visible (chromophore) region of the absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In the absorption spectrum, the absorbance is lower at 45 degrees C but remains much closer to the normal spectrum than to a strongly denatured spectrum. In the CD, a similar situation exists except that a negative band on the blue edge of the spectrum is much more strongly affected at 45 degrees C than the other bands. On returning to 20 degrees C, all these changes are restored to the original states. The protein is an alpha 2 beta 2 dimer at both 20 and 45 degrees C, and CD in the far-UV shows the identical protein secondary structures at both 20 and 45 degrees C. Fluorescence studies show that energy transfer occurs at both temperatures. At 50 degrees C the results are saliently different as the secondary structure changes and the spectral changes are mostly irreversible. At 50 degrees C, some monomers (alpha beta) are produced, and these monomers are very unstable at that temperature, resulting in the formation of some fully denatured polypeptides. Stable monomers can be produced at 20 degrees C and have visible absorption and CD spectra identical to the dimer at 45 degrees C. Therefore, the chromophores are reporting a tertiary conformational change at 45 degrees C, in which the two halves of the dimer each assume a monomer-like conformation prior to dissociating. These results are compared with a hypothesis for the chromophore topography, and the CD change at the blue edge of the spectra may result from the separation at 45 degrees C of a chromophore pair.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Photochemical\nDeracemization at sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;‑Hybridized\nCarbon Centers via a Reversible Hydrogen Atom Transfer

A photochemical deracemization\nof 5-substituted 3-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-diones\n(hydantoins) is reported (27 examples, 69%-quant., 80–99% &lt;i&gt;ee&lt;/i&gt;). The reaction is catalyzed by a chiral diarylketone\nwhich displays a two-point hydrogen bonding site. Mechanistic evidence\n(DFT calculations, radical clock experiments, H/D labeling) suggests\nthe reaction to occur by selective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Upon\nhydrogen binding, one substrate enantiomer displays the hydrogen atom\nat the stereogenic center to\nthe photoexcited catalyst allowing for a HAT from the substrate and\neventually for its conversion into the product enantiomer. The product\nenantiomer is not processed by the catalyst and is thus enriched in\nthe photostationary state.

Topic: Radical Photochemical Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Qualitative Assessment of Trauma Care at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation in Guyana

Objective:The purpose of this study was to gain qualitative feedback on trauma team performance at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), Guyana.Awareness of participants' self-identified strengths, weakness and areas for improvement can guide future trauma team training (TTT) programmes and local interventions.Methods: This was a qualitative study.Ten health professionals working in trauma care at GPHC participated voluntarily.Participants filled out an anonymous questionnaire using the components of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, and took part in a focus group discussion.Two researchers reviewed the qualitative data individually.Coding was agreed upon and data reduction occurred. Results:The SWOT questionnaires identified a lack of material and human resources as barriers to optimal care during trauma scenarios.The focus group discussion identified issues related to team communication, cooperation, organization and training.Participants acknowledged the need to address hierarchies and pre-existing attitudes between different health professionals.They agreed that to maintain consistency in performance and patient care, a TTT course or an equivalent should be mandatory for all team members.Conclusions: Qualitative feedback from trauma team members revealed that poor inter-professional communication and limited teamwork skills are considered major barriers to optimal team performance in trauma scenarios at GPHC.In addition to having all trauma staff complete a team training programme, an additional focus on communication skills and inter-professional collegiality will address participants' self-identified areas for improvement.

Topic: Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of sudden low‐ and high‐frequency hearing loss

Objectives/Hypothesis We compared the clinical characteristics between acute low‐ and high‐frequency hearing loss (LF and HF, respectively) patients, and the efficacy of three different treatment protocols (systemic steroids, intratympanic steroid injection, and combination therapy). Study Design Prospective, randomized controlled study. Methods A total of 111 patients diagnosed with LF or HF were treated on an outpatient basis. Each group was randomly divided into three equal subgroups based on therapy: oral steroid, intratympanic dexamethasone injection (IT), and combination therapy. Hearing gain was estimated by comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment pure‐tone averages. Recovery rate was assessed by Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Results In comparison of chief complaints, ear fullness and hearing loss were more common in the LF and HF group, respectively ( P = .033 and P = .001, respectively). Hearing recovery rates were significantly different between the two groups (i.e., 74.1% [40/54] in the LF group and 45.6% [26/57] in the HF group; P &lt; .001). Oral steroid therapy was most effective in the LF group ( P = .017). In the HF group, all three modalities showed similar results, although IT tended to be the most effective ( P = .390). Conclusions There were differences in chief complaints and treatment responses between LF and HF patients. Although they showed similar partial damage in the cochlea, the pathophysiology of LF and HF may be quite different. Level of Evidence 1b. Laryngoscope , 127:1878–1884, 2017

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Intrarenal calcium in phosphate handling

The intrarenal role of plasma ionized calcium (Ca), on fractional phosphate excretion (FE PO4) was investigated in dogs with control of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In series 1, acute thyroparathyroidectomy was immediately followed by a constant infusion of bovine PTH (0.01 U/kg per min). Subsequent calcium chloride infusions increased Cai in plasma phosphate and decreased in the percentage of ultrafiltrable phosphate. A 20% increase in Cai significantly increased FE PO4 by +3.82 +/- 0.97% (P less than 0.01) when infused intravenously and by +2.62 +/- 1.06% (P less than 0.05) when infused in the renal artery. In contrast, a 75% increase in Cai did not significantly change FE PO4. In series 2, dogs were thyroparathyroidectomized 18 h before experiments, and no PTH infusion was initiated. A bolus of bovine PTH (30 U/kg) increased FE PO4 + 8.9 +/- 0.9% (P less than 0.001) in hypocalcemic dogs, +19.1 +/- 4.4% (P less than 0.001) in normolcalcemic dogs, and +15.5 +/- 1.5% (P less than 0.001) in hypercalcemic dogs. We conclude that increases in plasma calcium potentiate the phosphaturic effect of PTH. This potentiating effect is attenuated in marked hypercalcemia by superimposed hemodynamic and/or metabolic changes.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences