jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal Sensitivity and Problematic Facebook Use in Turkish University Students

Facebook has held vital importance for socialization for university students, and has occasionally becomes problematic for them. As personality traits may have impacts on problematic Facebook use, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between problematic Facebook use and interpersonal sensitivity among Turkish university students. Participants included 349 university students (224 female, 125 male; Mage = 20.83 yr.) who answered a questionnaire package that included the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and a Personal Information Form. The relationship between problematic Facebook use and the three subscales of interpersonal sensitivity that are interpersonal worry and dependency, low self-esteem, and unassertive interpersonal behavior were examined by using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, the scores on the problematic Facebook use scale were predicted positively (32%) by subscales of interpersonal sensitivity. These findings were discussed in light of the social compensation theory.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Grassland Species Abundance, Richness, and Percent Cover.

The purpose of this experiment is to measure species abundance and richness in a grassland area at York University campus. Materials needed to perform the experiment are: - Data sheet - Metal Square quadrat - Plant identification leaf guide Group of four students are sent out to the grassland. 25 random samples are to be taken of the total area of the grassland. The quadrat was placed randomly each time on the grassland to measure these data sets: naming each species present in each quadrat, identifying the plants by distinguishing distinctive features such as the shape of the leaf or the flower. A leaf guide is provided that displays different types of leaves and their associate species name. Abundance of species is also recorded which is the number of individuals per species present in the quadrat. Almost all the species were easy to count as the individuals were big and separated. The only exception was the grass (poa) species, there were so abundant in every quadrat that it was almost impossible to count every single individual, alternative method was to count a small portion from the quadrat and estimate the total number. Species richness was also calculated which is the total number of species present in each quadrat. Lastly, percent cover was estimated. It is the relative abundance based on how much space they occupy in each quadrat, it does not involve counting the abundance and converting to a percentage, it is a visual estimation of how much space is occupied by each species. the percent cover could reach up to more than 100% because of overlapping between species.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #66253.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cellular automata rules solving the wireless sensor network coverage problem

Abstract The problem of an optimal coverage of a wireless sensor network area is considered. To solve this problem, a Cellular Automata (CA) approach is proposed. More specifically, the objective is to find CA rules which are able to cover the 2D space by a minimum number of so–called “Sensor Tiles”. A sensor tile consists of a von Neumann neighborhood of range 2 centered at sensor “point” and surrounded by 12 sensing “pixels”. Two probabilistic CA rules were designed that can perform this task. Results of an experimental study show that the first rule evolves very fast stable sub-optimal coverings, starting from a random configuration. The second rule finds optimal coverings, however it needs much more time for their evolution. The results are supported by a theoretical study on von Neumann neighborhoods and borrowing either from heuristics or from the spectral theory of circulant graphs.

Topic: Cellular Automata and Applications
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research article POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA SPP. AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA BATATICOLA CAUSING DRY ROOT ROT OF CHICKPEA

Ten Trichoderma spp were isolated from chickpea rhizosphere and root endophytic region by using serial dilution technique and purified by single hyphal tip method. Out of the ten isolates tested against Rhizoctonia bataticola, Trichoderma isolate-7 showed highest inhibition percentage (83.33). In compatability tests with commonly used fungicides, Trichoderma isolate-7 showed highest compatability with validamycin (72.22%) followed by copper oxychloride (66.66%).

Topic: Shallot Cultivation and Analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An evaluation of the use of the South African Triage Scale in an urban district hospital in Durban, South Africa

Background: Emergency centres in South Africa are among the busiest in the world and serve as entry points for hospital care for most of the population. The South African Triage Scale (SATS) is a validated tool introduced nationally in 2006 and intended to increase the efficiency of emergency centres through a process of prioritisation of the severely ill patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the SATS in a busy urban district hospital in Durban, South Africa.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: A chart review of triaged patients was performed. The hospital uses a one-page SATS sheet and manages both medical and surgical patients. The triage history, physiological parameters, application of discriminator lists, final triage code and outcome was audited and compared with findings from the patients’ clinical records.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The mean triage early warning score was 1.50 (95% CI 1–2) and average time to treatment was 59 min (95% CI 51–67). Essential bedside investigations were missing on some very ill patients, there was poor documentation in many fields and confirmed time to treatment was within recommended timescales for only 48% of patients. Use of the discriminator list resulted in over-triage of 66.7% and an under-triage of 14%. Some 76% of patients were discharged from the emergency centre, 15% were admitted and 5.5% were transferred out.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: Nurse-led triage has been successfully implemented at the emergency centre of this hospital using SATS but some notable gaps were identified.&#x0D; &#x0D; (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)&#x0D; &#x0D; S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1307908

Topic: Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Theoretical Insight into Palladium(II)–Counterion–Ligand\nCooperative Regiodivergent Syntheses of Indolo[3,2‑&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;]coumarins and Benzofuro[3,2‑&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;]quinolinones\nfrom Diphenylethyne Derivatives

With\ntwo distinct active sites, 2-hydroxy-2′-amino-diphenylethyne\nderivatives can offer benzofuro­[3,2-&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;]­quinolinones\nvia the O-attack/N-carbonylation cyclization or indolo­[3,2-&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;]­coumarins via the N-attack&lt;i&gt;/&lt;/i&gt;O-carbonylation\ncyclization. This work presents a density functional theory-based\ncomputational study to understand the mechanism and origin of the\npalladium­(II)-catalyzed regiodivergent reactivity of diphenylethyne\nderivatives. It is indicated that the reaction features a palladium­(II)–counterion–ligand\ncooperative catalysis. The O-attack/N-carbonylation cyclization mainly\nbenefits from the inductive effect of the rigid electron-withdrawing\nbidentate nitrogen ligand and the stabilization of the 3c-4e bond\nbetween the trifluoroacetate (TFA) anion and the hydroxyl group in\nthe substrate for the precursor and transition state, while the viability\nof the N-attack/O-carbonylation cyclization stems intrinsically from\nthe stronger nucleophilicity of the N atom as well as the important\nπ–π interaction between the flexible electron-rich\nbidentate phosphine ligand and the substrate. Moreover, these calculations\npropose an unconventional reductive elimination mechanism for the\ntransformation from Pd­(II) to Pd(0), where the intramolecular nucleophilic\nattack of the N/O atom on the carbonyl C atom results in the formal\nreductive elimination product. The calculated overall barriers of\n14.8 kcal/mol for Pd­(TFA)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with the bidentate nitrogen\nligand and 23.9 kcal/mol for Pd­(OTf)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with the bidentate\nphosphine ligand are qualitatively consistent with the mild experimental\nconditions.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of central axis and jet ring coolant supply for turbine disk cooling on a SSME-HPOTP model

The test facility, test methods and results are presented for an experimental study modeling the cooling of turbine disks in the blade attachment regions with multiple impinging jets, in a configuration simulating the disk cooling method employed on the Space Shuttle Main Engine oxygen turbopump. The study's objective was to provide a comparison of detailed local convection heat transfer rates obtained for a single center-supply of disk coolant with those obtained with the present flight configuration where disk coolant is supplied through an array of 19 jets located near the disk outer radius. Specially constructed disk models were used in a program designed to evaluate possible benefits and identify any possible detrimental effects involved in employing an alternate disk cooling scheme. The study involved the design, construction and testing of two full scale rotating model disks, one plane and smooth for baseline testing and the second contoured to the present flight configuration, together with the corresponding plane and contoured stator disks. Local heat transfer rates are determined from the color display of encapsulated liquid crystals coated on the disk in conjunction with use of a computer vision system. The test program was composed of a wide variety of disk speeds, flowrates, and geometrical configurations, including testing for the effects of disk boltheads and gas ingestion from the gas path region radially outboard of the disk-cavity.

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of a major histocompatibility class II <i>A </i>gene (<i>Clha‐DAA</i>) with an embedded microsatellite marker in Atlantic herring (<i>Clupea harengus </i>L.)

An Atlantic herring major histocompatibility class II A ( Clha‐DAA ) cDNA sequence has been characterized and was shown to encode a leader peptide, alpha‐1 domain, alpha‐2 domain, connecting peptide, transmembrane and cytoplasmic region. The Clha‐DAA protein sequence has all the characteristics of a teleost class II A protein with conserved cysteines in both the alpha‐1 and the alpha‐2 domains and two potential N‐linked glycosylation sites. Exon 2 sequences encoding the polymorphic alpha‐1 domain from different individuals were analysed and revealed the presence of at least two loci. The Clha‐DAA gene consists of four exons and three short introns. Four unique intron 3 sequences from multiple individuals were obtained and were shown to contain a (TG) n microsatellite sequence. Primers were optimized such that only a single microsatellite locus designated Clha‐DAA‐INTR3 was amplified. Four herring populations from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were genotyped for Clha‐DAA‐INTR3 . In total, 16 Clha‐DAA‐INTR3 alleles were detected; the distribution of the alleles showed no deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectation. Levels of genetic differentiation among samples were of similar magnitude as have been reported earlier for neutral microsatellite loci between northern North Sea and Baltic Sea herring populations.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Expressivism, Yes! Relativism, No!

Abstract Expressivism in ethics is a metaethical view according to which (roughly) a typical moral judgment functions to express some psychological state other than a descriptive belief, such as some desire, intention, or other motivating state with regard to some object of evaluation. This metaethical view is, of course, a close cousin (if not identical to) what used to be called ‘noncognitivism’, and noncognitivists like C. L. Stevenson (as our epigraph indicates) were opposed to moral relativism. Contemporary expressivists like Simon Blackburn (1996, 1998) follow Stevenson in being opposed to relativism. Our own evolving metaethical view is a version of what we call cognitivist expressivism, and we, too, are opposed to moral relativism. (see Horgan and Timmons, 2006). However, some contemporary critics of expressivist views, including Paul Bloomfield (2003) and Russ Shafer-Landau (2003), have followed Philipp Foot in claiming that expressivists are committed to some form or another of moral relativism despite what such expressivists say. And we suppose Bloomfield and Shafer-Landau would say the same thing about Stevenson’s version of noncognitivism. This is peculiar, given the careful attention that Stevenson, Blackburn, and we ourselves have devoted to explaining why expressivist and related views are not committed to moral relativism.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Universities and socio-economic development in Tanzania: public perceptions and realities on the ground

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world, with an insignificant industrial sector that is divorced from the R&amp;D system. Nonetheless, like other countries in the world, its universities are changing, gradually assuming a new role in society, especially in forging links to the productive sector. However, while such changes in more developed countries are being brought about by the realities of the economic system, for Tanzania it seems to be coming from government and donor pressures. On the other hand, society in general perceives the role of the university as transcending the mere linkage between the university and the productive sector, to include myriads of social problems confronting society. In this regard, because the university is not the only actor in the Tanzanian research system, the roles that the university should play in the social and economic system of the country need to be clearly identified.

Topic: Global Educational Policies and Reforms
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Corporate and Personal Bankruptcy Law

Bankruptcy is the legal process by which the debts of firms, individuals, and occasionally governments in financial distress are resolved. Bankruptcy law always includes three components. First, it provides a collective framework for simultaneously resolving all debts of the bankrupt entity, regardless of when they are due. Second, it provides rules for determining how the assets and earnings used to repay are divided among creditors. Third, bankruptcy law specifies punishments intended to discourage debtors from defaulting on their debts and filing for bankruptcy. This review discusses and evaluates bankruptcy law by examining whether and when the law encourages debtors and creditors to behave in economically efficient ways. It also considers how bankruptcy law might be changed to improve economic efficiency. The review shows that there are multiple economic objectives of bankruptcy law because the law has very diverse effects. Some of these objectives differ for individuals versus corporations in bankruptcy.

Topic: Corporate Insolvency and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Interpretation of Incomplete Piezocone Dissipation Tests.

Piezocone testing was developed during the late 1970’s. It was based on the cone penetration test, (CPT), and piezometer probes of the time. This development occurred in various countries simultaneously. In this thesis the author describes his development of a piezocone system in South Africa during this period, as well as further developments up to the present system which is a sophisticated, computer based, realtime logging and interpretation system. During this development, emphasis has been placed on data quality and security as well as maximising the information from a piezocone sounding. One of the aspects of maximising the data was to record the start of a dissipation test at every stoppage, such as a rod change, and to terminate the dissipation test when probing was resumed. This resulted in numerous incomplete dissipation tests which, up to now, could not be interpreted and were therefore discarded. This led to a loss of potentially valuable information. The author has developed a dissipation slope theory which predicts that it should be possible to determine the coefficient of consolidation from the very first portion of the dissipation test. This theory was developed into an interpretation method for incomplete dissipation tests. The implementation of the dissipation slope theory necessitated a normalised theoretical dissipation curve. A number of researchers have presented such curves and their work is summarised in this thesis. The author developed a family of theoretical curves for a range of stiffness ratios based on the work of Randolph and Wroth (1979) and compared the result with a Biot-coupled consolidation (CRISP, finite element) analysis of the dissipation of the excess pore pressure distribution as predicted by the strain path method (Baligh and Levadoux, 1980). The dissipation slope theory was applied to field dissipation tests to compare the predicted coefficients of consolidation with backfigured and laboratory coefficients. A comparison between the conventional t50 method for the interpretation of long “complete” dissipation tests and the dissipation slope method was also made. It has been concluded that the dissipation slope method is a reliable method which can be used for the interpretation of all piezocone dissipation tests and that it should be the method of choice for dissipations in fast draining material. A further requirement for the implementation of the dissipation slope theory was that the ambient, or hydrostatic, pore pressure be known. A method was developed to determine the ambient pore pressure from incomplete dissipation tests through a process of curve fitting and minimising of error parameters. This has proven to be a valuable technique in its own right.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sexual selection in complex choruses : the interplay of male signal variation, social structure, and female mate choice

Females in many species assess variation among males’ sexual signals when choosing mates. Despite substantial empirical data demonstrating this, the role of mate choice in the evolutionary elaboration of signals among natural systems is not well understood. A major challenge is that mate choice often occurs within complex, dynamic social networks such as leks and choruses, scenarios that combine multiple interacting males, multiattribute signals, and the emergence of spatial relationships, all with the potential to influence females’ decisions. &#13;\nI examined the interplay of males’ social associations and females’ mate choices in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus), a model system for female mate choice but for whom interactions between male competition and mate choice were unexplored. My aim was to understand ways in which this complexity might influence the relative mating success of advertising males and ultimately, sexual signaling evolution. &#13;\nI conducted field studies and behavioral experiments to deconstruct spatial and neighbor association preferences among males. I found that males are highly tuned to features of their competitors’ calls, exhibiting association biases that roughly paralleled females’ mate preferences, thus supporting a dual function of advertisement calls. I tested classic chorus formation models invoking conspecific association preferences and found that phonotaxis preferences support a central role for highly attractive “hotshot” males in social structuring.&#13;\nI then examined consequences of these interactions for females’ mate preferences. I first tested the importance of signalers’ spatial positions, showing centrality outweighs bout-leading benefits and substantially increases inferior males’ success. I then tested females’ susceptibility to “decoy effects” and demonstrated that mate preferences were similarly reversible by presenting females with an irrelevant third option. Finally, I explored preference patterns among multiattribute signals between males and females; I found that transitivity in females’ preferences broke down among superior signals, suggesting that cyclical competition may play a fundamental role in maintaining signal diversity. &#13;\nFemales’ preferences, in contrast with theoretical assumptions, exhibit substantial context-specificity, often paralleled by males’ strategies. These studies highlight the inextricable linkage between male competition and female mate choice and the importance of integration when assessing the opportunity for, and potency of, sexual selection via mate choice.

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lymphangiogenesis in the heart

Our goal was to follow the development of the lymphatic system in the developing heart using markers that identify the lymphatics in adult tissues. The transcription factor Prox‐1 identified a branching network of vessels in the avian embryonic heart that first appeared on the outflow tract at Embryonic Day 5 (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 25‐26). Prox‐1 was also expressed in cardiac myocytes and cardiac valves throughout development. In the mouse embryo heart, the lymphatic marker LYVE‐1 was expressed in epicardial cells and PECAM‐positive/VEGFR‐3‐positive myocardial vessels that were Prox‐1‐negative. LYVE‐1 co‐localization with Prox‐1 was not observed in the epicardial lymphatics until after ED 13.5. Lymphatic markers were also present in adult rat, embryonic mouse, and embryonic avian epicardial cell lines. According to Western Blot analysis, Prox‐1 has two isoforms in the embryonic heart, including one that is sensitive to phosphatases. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the cardiac lymphatics arise from at least two sources: they migrate into the embryonic heart and may also originate from epicardial precursors. Source of Research Support: AHA 0715153B and grants from the National Institutes of Health R01 ES013507, HL65314, HL0775436, HL083048, and NASA GRC IR&amp;D 04‐54.

Topic: Lymphatic System and Diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences