jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microbe Profile: Wigglesworthia glossinidia: the tsetse fly’s significant other

Wigglesworthia glossinidia is an obligate, maternally transmitted endosymbiont of tsetse flies. The ancient association between these two organisms accounts for many of their unique physiological adaptations. Similar to other obligate mutualists, Wigglesworthia ’s genome is dramatically reduced in size, yet it has retained the capacity to produce many B-vitamins that are found at inadequate quantities in the fly’s vertebrate blood-specific diet. These Wigglesworthia -derived B-vitamins play essential nutritional roles to maintain tsetse’s physiological homeostasis as well as that of other members of the fly’s microbiota. In addition to its nutritional role, Wigglesworthia contributes towards the development of tsetse’s immune system during the larval period. Tsetse produce amidases that degrade symbiotic peptidoglycans and prevent activation of antimicrobial responses that can damage Wigglesworthia . These amidases in turn exhibit antiparasitic activity and decrease tsetse’s ability to be colonized with parasitic trypanosomes, which reduce host fitness. Thus, the Wigglesworthia symbiosis represents a fine-tuned association in which both partners actively contribute towards achieving optimal fitness outcomes.

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Solar Curve of Growth for Lines of V I.

view Abstract Citations (2) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Solar Curve of Growth for Lines of V I. King, R. B. ; Wright, K. O. Abstract Curves of growth for solar lines of V i are constructed for lines of different excitation potential by plotting solar equivalent widths against laboratory gf-values. The displacements of these curves yield an adopted excitation temperature of 54000 Â± 200Â° K, which is higher than the temperatures found for lines of Ti I and Fe i. Shapes of the transition portions of the empirical curves of growth are sys- tematically different. If this is interpreted as due to varying turbulence in the atmosphere, the effect is the same as that observed by Wright in the spectra of F-type stars: the turbulence increases with de- creasing excitation potential. Other tests made for the existence of turbulence are inconclusive Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1947 DOI: 10.1086/144952 Bibcode: 1947ApJ...106..224K full text sources ADS |

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Growth and optical properties of Bi2Ti2O7 single-crystal thin films on Si(100) by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition&lt;/title&gt;

In this paper we report the epitaxial growth of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> thin films on Si(100) by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique (APMOCVD). The source materials used were triphenyl bismuth [Bi(C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>] and titanium isopropoxied. The substrate temperature was as low as 500 degrees Celsius. The as-grown Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> thin films were high quality single- crystal film with (111) orientation. The transmittance of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> film is between 80% - 90% in the wavelength range 380 - 800 nm, and the absorption edge is at 310 nm. The dielectric constant ((epsilon) ) and loss tangent (tan(delta) ) were found to be 120 and 0.01, respectively, at room temperature. The resistivity of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> film higher than 1 multiplied by 10<SUP>12</SUP> (Omega) .cm under the applied voltage from minus 5 V to plus 5 V.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The efficiency of irrigation methods for soybean and corn cultivation

Goal. To make an assessment and to determine the effectiveness of different irrigation methods for growing soybeans and corn, which are based on economic and energy parameters. Methods. Short-term field experiment, analytical and statistical methods of experimental data processing. Results. It is confirmed that the use of irrigation in crop production is a highly effective measure of its intensification and provides high economic and energy parameters. Thus, at growing soybeans and corn the highest conditional net profit was received for drip irrigation — 37.88 and 73.85 thousand UAH/ha. The level of profitability made 59.5 and 94.2%, and the lowest cost of production made 10.85 and 3, 78 thousand UAH/t respectively. Economic indicators for subsoil drip irrigation and sprinkling were close in values: conditional net income of soybeans — 19.45 and 18.07 thousand UAH/ha, corn — 53.65 and 54.51 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability — 37, 3 and 36.3% and 80.2 and 88.7%, the cost of production — 12.60 and 12.69 thousand UAH/t and 4.07 and 3.88 thousand UAH/t for growing soybeans and corn, respectively. Irrigation increased the energy intensity of soybean and corn cultivation technology by 2.8 and 2.1 times — to 59.6 and 79.6 GJ/ha and 109.2 and 117.5 GJ/ha, respectively. Without irrigation, the costs of soybean production were in the range of 23.6 GJ/ha, corn — 53.6 GJ/ha. Conclusions. The maximum efficiency of soybean and corn cultivation was at the use of drip irrigation. The lower and close in values indicators of economic and energy efficiency of cultivation were fixed for the conditions of subsoil drip irrigation and sprinkling. The lowest efficiency of soybean and corn cultivation was obtained in the conditions of natural moisture, which confirms the significant risks and inexpediency of growing these crops in the Steppe without additional artificial moisture.

Topic: Agriculture and Biological Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Using Soft Systems Methodology for Performance Improvement and Organisational Change in the English National Health Service

The Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) advocated by Checkland and Scholes (1990) has considerable potential. It can provide policy makers, professionals, and managers in complex health organisations with a valuable addition to management approaches leading to practical improvements through innovative organisational change. With reference to the English National Health Service (NHS), this author argues that SSM can enable managers and others to address problem situations holistically, identify critical issues, and reach an accommodation of different viewpoints as a basis for improvement. The SSM approach can usefully compliment strategic frameworks, such as the Balanced Scorecard, in achieving clarity of thinking about performance and change issues'.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Culture, characterization and differentiation of neural precursors from the central nervous system of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract: Potentially neurogenic areas were initially identified by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in cells underlying the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles wall, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs of newborn guinea pigs. Neural precursors from the SVZ were cultured in suspension, generating neurospheres (NSFs), which, upon dissociation were able to generate new NSFs. Upon culture in the absence of growth factors, cells dissociated from NSFs displayed evidence for neural differentiation, giving rise to cells from neural lineage. Flow cytometry analysis for of NSFs-derived cells after differentiation revealed approximately 13.3% nestin positive, 5.5% Beta-III-tubulin positive, 9% GFAP positive and 7.8% mGalC positive. Functional assays by measurement of calcium influx upon gamma butiric amino acid (GABA) and glutamate stimuli, revealed stimulation in differentiated cells, an indicator of neuronal differentiation. The ability of guinea pig SVZ cells to originate functional neurons in vitro is promising for research and towards a future use of neural stem cells in the therapy of neurological disorders.

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Escape rooms: A new offer in the recreation sector in Poland

Globalization leaves its footprint on the leisure market contributing to the global popularization of brand new forms of recreation. A perfect example of such instant diffusion of innovation on a global scale is the rapid development of escape rooms. The aim of the article is to try and explain the extraordinary popularity of escape rooms in Poland, mainly through an analysis of what they offer. The author presents the origins and development of this particular form of recreation, discusses the location of nearly 600 facilities functioning in 2016, as well as giving a detailed description of escape rooms in the ten large Polish cities. The study leads to the conclusion that the phenomenon of escape rooms stems from, among other things, the fundamental assumptions of the experience economy.

Topic: Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Le dialogue entre la prose et la poésie dans Eugène Onéguine

The Dialogue between Prose and Poetry in Eugene Onegin. With his masterpiece Eugene Onegin, Pushkin succeeded in rendering the vast and complex atmosphere of a prose novel in verse form. this surprising approach relies on the confrontation between prose and poetry throughout the work. First of all, Pushkin “ demeans” poetry, both generically, by positing it as merely one literary genre among many others, and thematically. Later on in the work, the lyrical consciousness is first redeemed, before becoming a key means by which the speculative spirit is “ corrected”, as it were. Finally, the permanent conflict between prose and poetry emerges as a harmonious dialogue — a dialogue, furthermore, which plays a central role in transforming Eugene Onegin into a novel. As a hybrid literary genre, Pushkin’s novel in verse remains a unique literary experiment, which both pushes back the expressive confines of poetry and heralds the remarkable Russian realist novels of the 19th century.

Topic: Historical and Literary Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Present Salience of Foreign Relations Law

This paper examines the emergence of the new field of comparative foreign relations law against the background of the rise of populism. It argues that, once the populists' extreme critique of international law is stripped away, what is exposed to view is the importance of reconnecting the external and internal aspects of sovereignty. There is no necessary dissonance between international law, which retains self-determination as a peremptory norm, and the viability of a national constitution founded on representative democracy. On the contrary, it is the populist's claim of an exclusive executive right to speak for the people in foreign relations that should be questioned. The conduct of foreign relations is constrained by law, not the exercise of a purely political executive discretion. Foreign relations law mediates the interaction of two legal systems: the domestic constitution and international law.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
HUMIDITY SENSOR USING CuO NANORICES THIN FILM

In this paper, a humidity sensor based on CuO has been successfully fabricated. Thin-film of CuO nanorices were synthesized by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method on silicon wafer with Si3N4thinlayer as a substrate. The microstructure and morphology of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Humidity sensing properties of the thin films have been studied. The sensing response has been measured in the relative humidity (RH) range from 20 up to 80 % at room temperature. It was found that impedance of the system decreases as the RH was increased. The prepared sensor revealed good reversibility with response and recovery time of 130 s and 320 s respectively. The complex impedance spectra were analyzed in the range of 0.1 to 1 kHz. This type of humidity sensor can be used as a new generation of ecological sensors with low cost and good stability. It makes the sensor a candidate for practical applications.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 733315: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Membranes as Targets of Antimicrobial Lipids

The antimicrobial properties of certain lipids reside in their ability to disrupt the normal physiological functions of living pathogens. A particular target of the action of antimicrobial agents is the membranes that represent the boundary between the cell and its environment. The subcellular membranes that create compartments within eukaryotic cells may also represent a target for antimicrobial lipids. Disruption occurs mainly through the surfactant nature of the lipids. While strong detergents, by their nature, kill microorganisms they are also toxic to most eukaryotic cells. For effective antimicrobial action in practice the lipids must possess sufficient detergent strength to destroy or inhibit the growth of prokaryotes while, at the same time, being relatively harmless to the host. The mechanisms whereby surfactant properties may act as antimicrobial agents is to disrupt cell membranes by destroying selective permeability barrier properties or intercalate into membranes to inhibit the activity of membrane proteins or other processes. They may also augment free radical reactions. The stability of cell membranes resides in the amphiphilic properties of the polar lipids that form the lipid bilayer matrix. This chapter examines the structure of the polar lipids that are found in cell membranes and how the building blocks of these lipids contribute to their amphiphilic character. This leads to conclusions as to how antimicrobial lipids may target cell membranes to perturb their functions.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Integration of look-ahead multicast and unicast scheduling for input-queued cell switches

This paper presents an integration of multicast and unicast traffic scheduling algorithms for input-queued cell switches. The multi-level round-robin multicast scheduling (ML-RRMS) algorithm with the look-ahead (LA) mechanism provides a highly scalable architecture and is able to reduce the head-ofline (HOL) blocking problem that the weight-based algorithm (WBA) suffers from. Leveraging the FILter & Merge (FILM) scheme, multicast and unicast traffic are independently scheduled based on their requests. Decisions are integrated following a specific policy. Remainder is looped back to the filtering module that filters out the conflicting requests to ensure fairness. Simulation results show that comparing with the scheme using WBA for the multicast scheduling, the scheme proposed in this paper reduces the HOL blocking problem for multicast traffic and provides a significant improvement in terms of latency.

Topic: Interconnection Networks and Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ADAPTIVE FETI-DP AND BDDC METHODS WITH A GENERALIZED TRANSFORMATION OF BASIS FOR HETEROGENEOUS PROBLEMS

In FETI-DP (Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting) and BDDC (Balancing Domain Decomposition by Constraints) domain decomposition methods, the transformation-of-basis approach is used to improve the convergence by combining the local assembly with a change of basis. Suitable basis vectors can be constructed by the recently introduced adaptive coarse space approaches. The resulting FETI-DP and BDDC methods fulfill a condition number bound independent of heterogeneities in the problem. The adaptive method with a transformation of basis presented here builds on a recently introduced adaptive FETI-DP approach for elliptic problems in three dimensions and uses a coarse space constructed from solving small, local eigenvalue problems on closed faces and on a small number of edges. In contrast to our earlier work on adaptive FETI-DP, the coarse space correction is not implemented by using balancing (or deflation), which requires the use of an exact coarse space solver, but by using local transformations. This will make it simpler to extend the method to a large number of subdomains and large supercomputers. The recently established theory of a generalized transformation-of-basis approach yields a condition number estimate for the preconditioned operator that is independent of jumps of the coefficients across and inside subdomains when using the local adaptive constraints. It is shown that all results are also valid for BDDC. Numerical results are presented in three dimensions for FETI-DP and BDDC. We also provide a comparison of different scalings, i.e., deluxe, rho, stiffness, and multiplicity for our adaptive coarse space in 3D.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Small cell lung cancer recurring in the retina

Abstract Intraocular metastases are rare, usually isolating to the uveal tract. Retinal metastases are less common still, presenting a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case observes a 66-year-old female ex-smoker presenting with unilateral painful vision loss 2 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy for early-stage small cell lung cancer. A retinal lesion was discovered on examination and initially treated as viral retinitis without improvement. Two vitrectomy procedures were unable to confirm the diagnosis. Eventual retinal biopsy under general anaesthesia confirmed small cell lung cancer oligometastasis (7 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy), without evidence of other sites of disease on imaging. She received local radiation to retina with resolution of eye pain. She eventually developed intrathoracic relapse of disease and was treated with palliative chemotherapy (14 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy).

Topic: Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and characterization of aluminium-phosphorus adducts: X-ray crystal structures of Cl3Al·P(SiMe3)3·C7H8 and Br3Al·P(SiMe3)3·C7H8

The anempted dehalosilylatio reactions between AIX3 (X = C1. Br) and P(SiMe3)3 in toluene in 1:1 mole ratios afforded only the adducts C13Al-P(SiMe3)3 (I) and BrAl-P(SiMe)3 (II). respectively. Compounds I and II were characterized by 1H, 13C, 27Al. and 31P solution NMR spectroscopy, as well as partial elemental analysis In addition, the solid state structures of the toluene solvates of I and U weve determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Chanacterization revealed that the solid solvated adducts I and 1i are isostructural and their crystals are isomorphous. In each compound. the Al and the P atoms reside in tetrahedral environments, with each X3 P(SiMe3)3 (X = CL Br) molecule associated with one interstitial toluene molecule in the crystals. These adducts are noteworthy in that they possess exremely short, essentially equal Al-P bond lengths [For 1: AI-P = 2.392(4) A and for H: AI-P = 2.391(6) Ȧ], which are the shortest found to date in aluminum-phosphorus molecular species.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Gut Microbiota: Ecology and Function

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is teeming with an extremely abundant and diverse microbial community. The members of this community have coevolved along with their hosts over millennia. Until recently, the gut ecosystem was viewed as black box with little knowledge of who or what was there or their specific functions. Over the past decade, however, this ecosystem has become one of fastest growing research areas of focus in microbial ecology and human and animal physiology. This increased interest is largely in response to studies tying microbes in the gut to important diseases afflicting modern society, including obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diabetes. Although the importance of a resident community of microorganisms in health was first hypothesized by Pasteur over a century ago (Sears, 2005), the multiplicity of physiological changes induced by commensal bacteria has only recently been recognized (Hooper et al., 2001). The term 'ecological development' was recently coined to support the idea that development of the GI tract is a product of the genetics of the host and the host's interactions with resident microbes (Hooper, 2004). The search for new therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers has escalated the need to understand the identities and functions of the microorganisms inhabiting the gut. Recent studies have revealed new insights into the membership of the gut microbial community, interactions within that community, as well as mechanisms of interaction with the host. This chapter focuses on the microbial ecology of the gut, with an emphasis on information gleaned from recent molecular studies.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Congenital neonatal chylothorax with hydrops fetalis treated with octreotide.

Congenital idiopathic chylothorax is the most common form of pleural effusion in neonates. It results from collection of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space secondary to leakage from the thoracic duct or one of its main tributaries. Chylothorax complicated by hydrops fetalis in a premature or term infant is an uncommon, serious clinical problem. We report on two cases with congenital chylothorax both treated with octreotide. One of the cases responded well to octreotide treatment, while the other did not. We conclude that octreotide should be considered in the treatment of neonatal chylothorax.

Topic: Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences