jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect Tocopherol Ingestion the Aerobic Performance and Work Capacity

This study was done in order to observe the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation on the blood lipids, enzymes and the physical work capacity. Subjects(N=28), who were 14 college rugby athletes and 14 middle-aged males, were randomly assigned to four groups, AE(athlete experimental), AP(athlete placebo), Me(middle-aged experimental), and MP(middle-aged placebo). Each subject in experimental groups was ingested 1400 IU/day of d-α-tocopherol(HANOBAK R)during 12 weeks. The blood lipids, enzymes and the work capacity on ergometer were measured before and 4,8,12 week after the tocopherol ingestion. The results through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows; 1. The serum tocopherol was significantly increased in both experimental groups after 12 weeks comparing to the placebo groups(p0.05). 2. GOP, GPT, and LDH was not significantly changed throughout the experimental period comparing to the placebo groups. 3. Serum cholesterol was significantly decreased after 12 weeks in ME group, and HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased after 4 weeks in AE group and 12 weeks in ME group. On the other hand, serum triglyceride was not changed through the experimental period in every group. 4. In athletes(AE, AP), all items related to work capacity showed no significant differences between two groups while in middle-aged males, ME group showed better improvement in all out time, PWC 150 time, and Energy max then MP group. This result indicates that three month-ingestion of α-tocopherol helps, especially, middle-aged males improve the desirable CHD factors and heart rate and endurance in gradual maximal exercise.

Topic: Education, Safety, and Science Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gsk3β in palatal development

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (Gsk‐3β) has multiple roles in development and disease. Gsk3β homozygous null mice have a complete cleft palate and can be rescued by restoring the endogenous Gsk‐3β activity. Gsk‐3β has regulatory roles in Wnt, PI3‐Kinase(PI3K), ILK and insulin signaling pathways. In order to investigate the specific signal that regulates the Gsk3β activity, we examined two potential upstream factors: PI3K and Wnt3a during palatal development. Materials and methods: E13.5 embryos were dissected from the pregnant females (CD1). The palatal shelves were placed in organ culture on filter paper with the nasal surface facing down. Tissues were cultured in BGJ b medium for 24hrs. PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 (1μM and 10μM) was added to some groups. Tissues were analyzed with western blots and immunofluorescent staining. Results: GSK3β and p‐Gsk3β (phosphorylated Gsk3β) were both expressed in palatal tissue at E13.5 and after 24hr culture. Previously, Wnt3a was reported to crosstalk with TGFβ signals to regulate palatal growth, but we did not detect Wnt3a protein. The PI3K inhibitor, did not change Gsk3β and p‐Gsk3β at the dose and time studied. Conclusion: Although PI3K was necessary for palatal fusion; Gsk3β does not change phosphorylation state in PI3K inhibitor treated palatal shelves in the first 24hr. This work is supported by March of Dimes Research grant (FY06‐321)

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of dexamethasone therapy in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Giresun: An analytical study

Background &amp; objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease and significant health concern particularly in endemic regions. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy in dexamethasone treatment on clinical outcomes in CCHF patients. Methods: We included adult patients diagnosed with CCHF and those whose platelet count dropped to 70,000/mm 3 or lower. The efficacy of dexamethasone on clinical outcomes was evaluated. It was a retrospective analytical study. Results: All 55 patients received standard supportive treatment, and none of them received ribavirin therapy. It was observed that 23 (41.8%) patients were treated with dexamethasone. No significant differences were observed between patients treated with dexamethasone and without, regarding factors such as bleeding incidents during hospitalization, the need for blood product transfusions, thrombocyte recovery status, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality was observed in two patients (3.6%). Interpretation &amp; conclusion: Our study found that dexamethasone treatment did not lead to a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes for CCHF patients.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Shared-power Governance in Managing Common Pool Resources Case Study: Collaborative Planning to Manage Thematic Parks in Bandung City, Indonesia

Collaborative planning leads to the design of shared-power governance process, where communicative approach is the key to ensure all stakeholders have a voice. This idea is trying to make the implementation of public policy more participative, transparent, and brings valuable impact. This paper learns about how local government implements collaborative planning through managing public goods by involving variety of actors to the process. Thematic Park was chosen as a success case study of concept smart-livable-sustainable city of Bandung. In-depth interview has been done to the local government officials, donors, expertise, hired-conceiver, and local community in order to collect diverse perspective. The result shows that the collaboration scheme needs to be made as a policy system not just as sporadic and pragmatic concept, so the government able to account the transparency of all process. Furthermore, the good process needs longer time and more variety actor's engagement.

Topic: Public Administration in Developing Nations
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection and Definition of Canine Intestinal Carbohydrases, Using a Standardized Method

SUMMARY Intestinal mucosa and pancreas from purebred Beagle dogs were assayed for carbohydrase activity, using several methods of tissue treatment. The enzymes found and studied were α -amylase, sucrase, lactase, amyloglucosidase, cellobiase, maltase, and isomaltase. Experiments using polyacrylamide gel columns and heat inactivation showed the presence of an isozyme of maltase which degrades isomaltose. This activity had not been previously demonstrated in dogs. An optimal standard procedure is presented for the preparation and assay of canine digestive enzymes. A statistical analysis of variance of the results showed that the variance was primarily associated with differences among dogs and not by variance within the procedure. When the different extraction procedures were used, results indicated that the level of enzymes detected differed with the method of treatment.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Elevational shifts in tree community composition in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest related to climate change

Abstract Question Climate change induces shifts in species distributions, ultimately changing community composition. Mountains are especially sensitive to climate change, and tree species are predicted to move towards higher elevations, but observed changes are not always unidirectional. The diversity and complexity of tropical and subtropical systems limits our understanding of climate‐induced responses of subtropical mountain forests. Here, we investigated migration trends in tree community composition along an elevational gradient, and between the transition from lowland to montane forests in subtropical forests. Location Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods We used thermal affiliations of 627 tree species to calculate community temperature scores (CTS) for different life‐history stages of trees in 96 permanent plots. We compared CTS of different life‐history stages across space and time. Results Most tree communities (58%) did not show a significant difference of CTS between life‐history stages, indicating a non‐migration trend. On the other hand, 27% of tree communities showed upward migration and 15% downward migration. Upward migration was more common in montane forests, and downward migration in lowland forests. Our temporal analysis shows significant changes in CTS values for juvenile communities with 0.36°C decrease in lowland forests and 0.34°C increase in montane forests. Conclusions Contrasting results between lowland and montane forest communities indicate that the transition zone influences migration patterns and may reflect differences in species’ thermal limitations, as well as by non‐thermal factors such as biotic interactions. Our findings provide the first evidence of climate change‐induced community shifts in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We demonstrated that upward migration trends were predominantly observed in montane–upper mountain forests, while downward migrations were noted in lowland–submontane forests. The thermophilization of montane forests may suggest an increased risk of reduction for cold‐demanding species under climate change scenarios.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
STAT3 as a potential molecular target to sensitize colorectal cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy.

434 Background: Resistance to preoperative chemoradiotherapy represents a major clinical problem in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Therefore, the identification of molecular biomarkers that differentiate responsive and resistant tumors is exceedingly important, because this may lead to the identification of novel molecular targets whose modification could be harnessed to sensitize a priori resistant tumors to multimodal treatment. Methods: We recently established an in vitro model for 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy, and correlated differences in treatment sensitivity of 12 colorectal cancer cell lines with pretherapeutic gene expression profiles. One gene the expression of which correlated positively with treatment resistance was the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3. To test the functional relevance of this observation, we first determined STAT3 mRNA and protein expression levels in all cell lines. Next, we established doxycycline-inducible stable shRNA single-cell clone (SCC) populations. Successful silencing of STAT3 was detected by Western blot analysis. The induced SCCs were treated with 3 µM 5-FU, and subsequently exposed to 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of X-rays. In addition, STAT3 was inhibited using two different siRNAs, and a small-molecular inhibitor (STATTIC). Results: STAT3 was significantly overexpressed in resistant cells. In SW480 and SW837 cells, both shRNA- and siRNA-mediated silencing as well as STATTIC-induced inhibition of STAT3-phosphorylation resulted in a significantly increased chemoradiosensitivity, with dose-reduction factors of 1.8 to 2. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential relevance of STAT3 as a novel molecular target to sensitize a priori resistant tumor cells to chemoradiotherapy.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predominance of gluconate formation from glucose during germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores

Metabolic pathways of glucose during germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores were studied by using specifically labeled glucose and gluconate. The Embden-Meyerhof pathway, the pentose cycle, and the direct oxidation route of glucose to gluconate (the gluconate pathway) were all operative at this stage; among those, gluconate accumulation was most predominant, especially in the early stage. Potassium fluoride, an enolase inhibitor, abolished the catabolism by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway totally without affecting gluconate accumulation. Under these conditions glucose was exclusively oxidized to gluconate. Gluconate thus accumulated could be metabolized further via phosphorylation by gluconate kinase. Remarkable gluconate accumulation was also demonstrated in several other spores requiring alanine as an effective germinant. NADH formed by the direct glucose oxidation may serve as a initial ATP source to phosphorylate glucose in germinating spores.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reorganisation of stroke care and impact on mortality in patients admitted during weekends: a national descriptive study based on administrative data

Objective To evaluate mortality differences between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions in England over time, and in particular, whether a reconfiguration of stroke services in Greater London was associated with a change in this mortality difference. Design, setting and participants Risk-adjusted difference-in-difference time trend analysis using hospital administrative data. All emergency patients with stroke admitted to English hospitals from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included. Main outcomes Mortality difference between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions. Results We identified 507 169 emergency stroke admissions: 26% of these occurred during the weekend. The 7-day in-hospital mortality difference between weekend and weekday admissions declined across England throughout the study period. In Greater London, where the reorganisation of stroke services took place, an adjusted 28% (relative risk (RR)=1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.47) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 9% higher risk (RR=1.09, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.32) in 2014. For the rest of England, a 15% (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 3% higher risk (RR=1.03, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.10) in 2014. During the same period, in Greater London an adjusted 12% (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.26) weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio in 2008 slightly increased to 14% (RR=1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30); however, it was not significant. In the rest of England, an 11% (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15) higher weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio declined to a non-significant 4% higher risk (RR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.09) in 2014. We found no statistically significant association between decreases in the weekend/weekday admissions difference in mortality and the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London. Conclusions There was a steady reduction in weekend/weekday differences in mortality in stroke admissions across England. It appears statistically unrelated to the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London, and is consistent with an overall national focus on improving stroke services.

Topic: Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Application and Research of Warehouse Information Intelligent Management Based on Cloud Computing

With the advancement of intelligent management of modern society, all involves mass data controll, implementation and operation for various types of intelligent management system. Cloud computing makes it possible to deal with these mass data operation , as well as turn the application of cloud computing into intelligent information management in warehouse managemet information system. In this paper, through the detailed analysis of the structure of the warehouse management information system of the functional requirements, taking advantage of the organic combination of different information technology of cloud computing and four function modules, so that the warehouse information management operates and develops more intelligent and effective, opening up new ways to achieve the intelligent management of warehouse information.

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Clinically Oriented Complete Denture Program for Second‐Year Dental Students

The traditional preclinical complete denture prosthodontic curriculum relies predominantly on the laboratory (e.g., bench‐type) component of the complete denture fabrication process. In most cases, this involves a passive model of student knowledge acquisition utilizing lectures and low‐fidelity laboratory exercises. A recently implemented program in the College of Dentistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago challenges this educational paradigm by introducing an active learning environment for second‐year students based on significant clinical exposure with patients. The result is a major shift of emphasis, first, from a purely technical/laboratory aspect of the discipline to patient‐centered education and, second, from mastering individual phases of denture fabrication to understanding the entire process of edentulous patient care. To compare student outcomes in the new program with those in the traditional program, their performance overall and in three components of the final examination for each program were statistically compared. The results of the one‐way ANOVA analysis show statistically significant improvement in the students’ total score in the new program, including their performance on the written, practical, and OSCE portions of the final examination. This article describes the rationale, logistics, challenges, and advantages of the new educational model of the complete denture prosthodontics curriculum.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid adaptation for deep neural networks through multi-task learning

We propose a novel approach to addressing the adaptation effectiveness issue in parameter adaptation for deep neural network (DNN) based acoustic models for automatic speech recognition by adding one or more small auxiliary output layers modeling broad acoustic units, such as mono-phones or tied-state (often called senone) clusters. In scenarios with a limited amount of available adaptation data, most senones are usually rarely seen or not observed, and consequently the ability to model them in a new condition is often not fully exploited. With the original senone classification task as the primary task, and adding auxiliary mono-phone/senone-cluster classification as the secondary tasks, multi-task learning (MTL) is employed to adapt the DNN parameters. With the proposed MTL adaptation framework, we improve the learning ability of the original DNN structure, then enlarge the coverage of the acoustic space to deal with the unseen senone problem, and thus enhance the discrimination power of the adapted DNN models. Experimental results on the 20,000-word open vocabulary WSJ task demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently outperforms the conventional linear hidden layer adaptation schemes without MTL by providing 5.4% relative reduction in word error rate (WERR) with only 1 single adaptation utterance, and 10.7% WERR with 40 adaptation utterances against the un-adapted DNN models.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-Repetition-Rate 2.3–2.7 µm Acousto-Optically Tuned Narrow-Line Laser System Comprising Two Master Oscillators and Power Amplifiers Based on Polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe with the 2.1 µm Ho3+:YAG Pulsed Pumping

High-average-power narrow-linewidth tunable solid-state lasers in the wavelength region between 2 and 3 μm are attractive light sources for many applications. This paper reports a narrow-linewidth widely tunable laser system based on the polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe elements pumped by repetitively pulsed 2.1 µm Ho3+:YAG laser operating at a pulse rate of tens of kilohertz. An advanced procedure of ZnSe element doping and surface improvement was applied to increase the laser-induced damage threshold, which resulted in an increase in the output power of the Cr2+:ZnSe laser system. The high-average-power laser system comprised double master oscillators and power amplifiers: Ho3+:YAG and Cr2+:ZnSe laser oscillators, and Ho3+:YAG and Cr2+:ZnSe power amplifiers. The output wavelength was widely tuned within 2.3–2.7 µm by means of an acousto-optical tunable filter inside a Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator cavity. The narrow-linewidth operation at the pulse repetition rate of 20–40 kHz in a high-quality beam with an average output power of up to 9.7 W was demonstrated.

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ON CONSCIOUS PRIMAL SCENE FANTASIES

Pertinent literature concerning the pathogenicity of the primal scene is reviewed. Two psychoanalytic cases, both of whom had conscious primal scene fantasies prior to beginning psychoanalysis, are discussed. These fantasies did not represent significant ego or superego deficits. The authors suggest that conscious primal scene fantasies, in these patients, represented screen memories. Both patients were successfully analyzed.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Neurotrophic Changes in the Trigeminal Territory

The most frequent complications caused by operations for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia are well known. They are herpes simplex, neuropathic keratitis, corneal ulcer and opacity, iritis, conjunctivitis, paresthesias, dryness of the nasal mucous membrane, and facial paralysis. 1,2 This discussion concerns itself with 4 patients who developed a rare and poorly recognized sequela, that of neurotrophic changes in the skin with ulceration in the trigeminal area several months to several years following section of the sensory root. Since there is little likelihood of replacing the operative approach to the problem of tic douloureux in the foreseeable future, the occasional occurrence of this syndrome seems assured. Trophic disturbances are changes appearing in tissues that have been deprived of certain qualities of sensation, namely those of pain and temperature and light touch; and they conform sharply to neuroanatomic delineations. 3 Report of Cases Case 1.— A woman, aged 68, was first seen

Topic: Trigeminal Neuralgia and Treatments
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences