jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction and Use of the Regional Input-Output Model with Environmental and Economic Development Blocks

The paper analyzes environmental-economics models developed by foreign and Russian scientists. The first attempts to combine both economic and environmental issues in mathematical modeling were made in the 1960s, with most of them been theoretical due to lack of necessary data. With the development of modeling approaches, following on Wassily Leontief’s models, an environmental block has been included into input-output models. However, most of the existing models can hardly be applied to practice due to lack of statistical data and the absence of inter-industry approach. Even today the main restricting factor for these models to be used in practice is still limited availability of information, including not only economic but also environmental data, which is especially critical for regional researches, as the number of statistical indicators for the regions is much lower than at the macro level. The article provides mathematical description of the input-output model with an environmental block. The model is developed at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the RAS in collaboration with the Novosibirsk State University. The model can be used for regional researches, given the input-output tables for the region is available.

Topic: Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The turnover of hamster fibroblast lysosomal β-<scp>d</scp>-glucuronidase

The half-life of hamster fibroblast beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) was estimated to be 4-5 days by measuring the decay with time of the radioactivity in beta-D-glucuronidase isolated from cells grown in the presence of 14C-labelled amino acids. A new affinity-chromatographic procedure for the purification of beta-D-glucuronidase is described.

Topic: Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cable television and Open Computer Network

The article describes information network and CATV applications, backbone network structure. Cable is a natural network for carrying high-capacity, bandwidth-intense information. In the age of analogue program signals, cable's capacity was a natural transmission mediafor broadcast color TV and high-fidelity stereo sound programs. In the new digital program signal age, cable's high capacity is a natural network for carrying interactive computer-based, data-intensive multimedia programs. The introduction of the Open Computer Network (OCN) providing Internet like services, will lead to higher-level demands by users. For example, users will be asking for higher quality, greater functionality, and lower charges for high-speed, high-throughput data transfer. To respond effectively to the wishes of sophisticated and varied users, technology development must be pursued from the user's point view. For this reason, research and development is being performed on middleware to open up network functions and make it possible for the user and network to cooperate with each other. This article discusses the development of major technologies for achieving an enhanced OCN (next-stage OCN) which should become a catalyst for the future multimedia network, and presents a future vision for the network.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adenofibroma and adenosarcoma

The adenofibroma–adenosarcoma spectrum of biphasic mullerian tumors in the female gynecologic tract resembles the fibroadenoma–phyllodes spectrum in the breast. As in the breast, zones of histologic overlap exist and, on occasion, areas of adenofibromatous and adenosarcomatous differentiation may be seen in the same neoplasm. Classification of these tumors is ultimately based on the most histologically malignant area, but it should not be surprising that, just as there are gradations of histologic malignancy amongst these tumors, gradations of clinical behavior may also occur. However, unlike the situation in the breast, most (some authorities have maintained all) of these biphasic tumors in the uterus fall well within the low-grade sarcoma spectrum. In contrast, adenofibromas, if they exist, are clinically benign with little risk for recurrence once they are completely excised.

Topic: Urologic and reproductive health conditions
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Wavelengths and energy levels of potassium-like Ni X

An analysis of potassium-like Ni X in the 15-170 nm wavelength region is reported following observations involving collision-based spectroscopy and laser plasma spectroscopy. Forty five transitions from different excited states in Ni X are identified. Twenty new energy levels of Ni X have been established. The analysis was supported by Hartree-Fock calculations, isoelectronic comparison and the consistency of energy differences between transitions from common initial states. Compared to isoelectronic ions of lower Z, the doublet structure in this spectrum is effectively destroyed by 3p65d, 6d+3p53d4p, 3p43d3 configuration interaction.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Soft Structure: Infra Soft Topological Spaces

It is always convenient to find the weakest conditions that preserve some topologically inspired properties. To this end, we introduce the concept of an infra soft topology which is a collection of subsets that extend the concept of soft topology by dispensing with the postulate that the collection is closed under arbitrary unions. We study the basic concepts of infra soft topological spaces such as infra soft open and infra soft closed sets, infra soft interior and infra soft closure operators, and infra soft limit and infra soft boundary points of a soft set. We reveal the main properties of these concepts with the help of some elucidative examples. Then, we present some methods to generate infra soft topologies such as infra soft neighbourhood systems, basis of infra soft topology, and infra soft relative topology. We also investigate how we initiate an infra soft topology from crisp infra topologies. In the end, we explore the concept of continuity between infra soft topological spaces and determine the conditions under which the continuity is preserved between infra soft topological space and its parametric infra topological spaces.

Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recent Progress in Emerging Novel MXenes Based Materials and their Fascinating Sensing Applications

Abstract Early transition metals based 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides nanomaterials are known as MXenes, a novel and extensive new class of 2D materials family. Since the first accidently synthesis based discovery of Ti 3 C 2 in 2011, more than 50 additional compositions have been experimentally reported, including at least eight distinct synthesis methods and also more than 100 stoichiometries are theoretically studied. Due to its distinctive surface chemistry, graphene like shape, metallic conductivity, high hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, redox capacity and affordable with mass‐produced nature, this diverse MXenes are of tremendous scientific and technological significance. In this review, first we'll come across the MXene based nanomaterials possible synthesis methods, their advantages, limitations and future suggestions, new chemistry related to their selected properties and potential sensing applications, which will help us to explain why this family is growing very fast as compared to other 2D families. Secondly, problems that help to further improve commercialization of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are examined, and many advances in the commercializing of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are proposed. At the end, we'll go through the current challenges, limitations and future suggestions.

Topic: MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Monosomy of chromosome 17 in breast cancer during interpretation of HER2 gene amplification.

Monosomy of chromosome 17 may affect the assessment of HER2 amplification. Notably, the prevalence ranges from 1% up to 49% due to lack of consensus in recognition. We sought to investigate the impact of monosomy of chromosome 17 to interpretation of HER2 gene status. 201 breast carcinoma were reviewed for HER2 gene amplification and chromosome 17 status. FISH analysis was performed by using double probes (LSI/CEP). Absolute gene copy number was also scored per each probe. HER2 FISH test was repeated on serial tissue sections, ranging in thickness from 3 to 20 µm. Ratio was scored and subsequently corrected by monosomy after gold control test using the aCGH method to overcome false interpretation due to artefactual nuclear truncation. HER2 immunotests was performed on all cases. 26/201 cases were amplified (13%). Single signals per CEP17 were revealed in 7/201 (3.5%) cases. Five out of 7 cases appeared monosomic with aCGH (overall, 5/201, 2.5%) and evidenced single signals in >60% of nuclei after second-look on FISH when matching both techniques. Among 5, one case showed amplification with a pattern 7/1 (HER2/CEP17>2) of copies (3+ at immunotest); three cases revealed single signals per both probes (LSI/CEP=1) and one case revealed a 3:1 ratio; all last 4 cases showed 0/1+ immunoscore. We concluded that: 1) monosomy of chromosome 17 may be observed in 2.5% of breast carcinoma; 2) monosomy of chromosome 17 due to biological reasons rather than nuclear truncation was observed when using the cut-off of 60% of nuclei harboring single signals; 3) the skewing of the ratio due to single centromeric 17 probe may lead to false positive evaluation; 4) breast carcinomas showing a 3:1 ratio (HER2/CEP17) usually show negative 0/1+ immunoscore and <6 gene copy number at FISH.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Labeled GM-PHD Filter for Explicitly Tracking Multiple Targets

In this study, an explicit track continuity algorithm is proposed for multitarget tracking (MTT) based on the Gaussian mixture (GM) implementation of the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter. Trajectory maintenance and multitarget state extraction in the GM-PHD filter have not been effectively integrated to date. To address this problem, we propose an improved GM-PHD filter. In this approach, the Gaussian components are classified and labeled, and multitarget state extraction is converted into multiple single-state extractions. This provides the identity label of the individual target and can shield against the negative effects of clutter in the prior density region on the estimates, thus realizing the integration of trajectory maintenance with state extraction in the GM-PHD filter. As no additional associated procedures are required, the overall real-time performance of the proposed filter is similar to or slightly lower than that of the basic GM-PHD filter. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve explicit track continuity.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE EMOTIVE-EVALUATIVE LEXIS

This article represents the analysis of definitions of such linguistic notion as the emotive-evaluative lexis, produced and studied by many authors, both domestic and foreign. Some researchers consider it to be an independent type of language that creates bonds between people and has a power to affect those bonds and the attitudes of participants of the communication. Others believe that the emotive-evaluative lexis is a part of the language that is represented by stylistically marked words and expressions with a connotative and denotative meaning. This article also studies the term of connotation and its relation to the emotive-evaluative lexis, which is expressed in evaluation and emotiveness being essential components of the connotation. There are also classifications of emotive-evaluative lexis, depending on the coloring of the connotation and the way of interpreting the estimation of the words. The present article has a scientific potential justified by the importance of future studies on the ways and methods of teaching the emotive-evaluative lexis and the necessity to implement a methodological basis for the successful learning of this type of vocabulary by university students.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of natural killer cells expressing markers associated with maturity and cytotoxicity in children and young adults with sickle cell disease

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is increasingly recognized as a red blood cell disorder modulated by abnormally increased inflammation. We have previously shown that in patients with SCD not on a disease‐modifying therapy (hydroxyurea or chronic transfusions), natural killer (NK) cell numbers are increased. In the current study, we further investigated the NK cell function to determine if there was evidence of increased activation and cytotoxicity. Procedure We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 44 patients with HbSS/HbSβ 0 thalassemia at steady state (hydroxyurea = 13, chronic transfusion = 11, no disease‐modifying therapy = 20) and 23 healthy controls. Using a fresh blood sample, NK immunophenotyping was performed as follows: NK cells (CD3 − CD56 + lymphocytes) were evaluated for makers associated with activation (NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, and CD69) and maturity (CD57, killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR), and CD56dim). Degranulation and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate NK cell function. Results Patients with SCD who were not on disease‐modifying therapy had a higher number of NK cells with an immunophenotype associated with increased cytotoxicity (NKG2D + , NKp30 + , CD56dim + , and KIR + NK cells) compared with healthy controls and patients on hydroxyurea. NK cells from SCD patients not on disease‐modifying therapy demonstrated significantly increased cytotoxicity (measured by assaying NK cell killing of the K562 cell line) compared with healthy controls ( P = 0.005). Notably, NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells in the hydroxyurea or chronic transfusion patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls. Conclusion SCD is associated with increased NK cell function as well as increased NK cell numbers, which appears to be normalized with disease‐modifying therapy.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Qualities of memories for performed and imagined actions

Abstract When people imagine performing simple actions they can sometimes become confused about whether they actually performed the actions or only imagined doing so. In the present study participants performed, imagined, and heard groups of actions. During a second session participants imagined some of the earlier actions as well as some entirely new actions. On a later memory test participants sometimes falsely indicated that they had performed actions that they had only imagined and this tendency was a positive function of number of imaginings. We also found that true and false memories differed in terms of degree of perceptual detail, associated thoughts, emotions, contextual information, and kinesthetic detail. Differences between true and false memories were smaller when the action was imagined five times but were not entirely eliminated. These findings suggest that false memories produced in this paradigm can be both compelling and yet subtly different from true memories. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Culture and Conflict

Abstract Conflict is one of the most frequently used terms in our daily lives. It refers to states and/or situations of discord, disharmony, and opposition within, between, and among people, groups, and nations. It can also refer to intrapsychic tensions in which beliefs, values, impulses, and behaviors contend with one another. This opposition or contention can assume the proportion of a simple disagreement, or it can extend to the level of violence, aggression, and even warfare. In all instances, a conflict has its roots in “differences” that require resolution because of the inherent state of tension, stress, and/or emotional and intellectual discomfort and discontent. For conflict to exist, the differences usually are perceived as threatening to identity, security, and/or health and well‐being.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Circulating tocopherols and risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Our findings suggest that a deficiency in circulating total tocopherols might be associated with higher coronary artery disease risk. Whereas circulating α-tocopherol alone could not protect us from developing coronary artery disease. Further prospective studies were warranted to confirm our findings.

Topic: Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The lived experience of Australian opioid replacement therapy recipients in a community‐based program in regional Victoria

Abstract Introduction and Aims Treatment of opioid dependence through opioid replacement therapy is widely recognised as effective. Nonetheless, while there has been a community‐based program in the state of Victoria for over two decades, consumer experiences have received little attention. This study aimed to describe the experiences of opioid replacement therapy consumers living in rural and regional areas of the state. Design and Methods A qualitative design employed an interpretative phenomenological approach. Sixteen consumers were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted by the researchers to examine the phenomena of consumers′ experiences and findings were verified by a stakeholder group. Results Findings centred on themes of consumers′ experience of becoming recipients; consumer perceptions of pharmacists and pharmacy settings and psychosocial impacts on consumers. A majority of participants believed opioid replacement therapy brought increased normality to their life, however systemic and psychosocial barriers impacted on well‐being. The pharmacy setting itself as a public dosing space commonly provoked feelings of stigma and discrimination among consumers. Other barriers prominently reported were restrictions on number of takeaways, cost of dispensing and lack of access to medical practitioners and allied supports. Discussion and Conclusions There were psychosocial impacts on opioid replacement therapy consumers relating to financial and social burdens, stigma and discrimination. Access to medical care and a choice of pharmacy appeared to be restricted in rural regions. The findings suggest a need to address, in particular, the financial and dispensing point burdens experienced by consumers to facilitate program retention.

Topic: Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitizes p53-Mutant Glioma to Ionizing Radiation

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 571K, Human U1242 glioma cells form highly invasive and aggressive orthotopic tumors in mice.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardiovascular effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in conscious dogs

To elucidate the cardiovascular effects of alpha-human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), we infused CGRP intravenously at increasing rates of 3, 10, and 30 pmol.kg-1.min-1 during successive 15-min intervals into intact dogs, cardiac-denervated (CD) dogs, and cardiac-denervated dogs pretreated with beta-blockers. In intact dogs, the initial infusion rate of CGRP at 3 pmol.kg-1.min-1 did not produce significant hemodynamic changes, but the two higher infusion rates produced dose-dependent decreases in total peripheral resistance, mean arterial pressure, and left and right atrial pressures and produced dose-dependent increases in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO). In addition, stroke volume decreased and pulmonary vascular resistance increased at the highest infusion rate. In CD dogs, CGRP produced qualitatively similar responses, although the increase in HR was markedly attenuated. The increase in CO was also attenuated, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In CD dogs pretreated with beta-blockers, CGRP did not increase HR and the increase in CO was further attenuated. In a separate experiment, the lowest dose of CGRP (3 pmol.kg-1.min-1) was infused intravenously for 60 min in intact dogs; significant cardiovascular responses, qualitatively similar to those produced by higher rates of infusion, occurred. We conclude that CGRP is an extremely potent vasodilator and that the increase in HR is mediated primarily by autonomic reflexes.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
ARE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IMPORTANT IN MOSQUE FINANCIAL REPORTING?

Abstrak – Pentingkah Akuntabilitas dan Transparansi dalam Pelaporan Keuangan Masjid? Tujuan Utama – Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengkaji akuntabilitas dan transparansi pelaporan keuangan masjid. Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in-depth interview. Adapun informan utama adalah pengurus dan jamaah masjid. Temuan Utama – Akuntabilitas disajikan dengan kesederhanaan dari susunan pengelola, pola pertanggungjawaban dan bentuk laporan keuangan. Transparansi masjid dilakukan dengan adanya sinergisitas masjid, masyarakat, dengan organisasi Islam. Kesederhanaan pelaporan keuangan masjid menjadi kunci dalam akuntabilitas dan transparansi masjid. Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan – Kajian ini dapat membuka peluang adanya teori akuntabilitas keuangan masjid. Hasil kajian ini juga dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah mengenai sistem transparansi dan akuntabilitas masjid. Kebaruan Penelitian – Temuan bahwa kesederhanaan laporan keuangan justru dapat menjadi penyelaras masjid dengan masyarakat dan organisasi Islam adalah suatu kebaruan dalam penelitian ini. Abstract – Are Accountability and Transparency Important in Mosque Financial Reporting? Main Purpose – This study seeks to examine the accountability and transparency of mosque financial reporting. Method – This research uses an in-depth interview method. The primary informants are the administrators and the congregation of the mosque. Main Findings – Accountability is presented with the simplicity of the management structure, accountability pattern and form of financial statements. The clarity of mosque financial reporting is the key to mosque accountability and transparency. Mosque transparency is carried out by synergizing the mosque, the community, and Islamic organizations. Theory and Practical Implications – This study can open up opportunities for an approach to mosque financial accountability. The results of this study can also be input for the Government regarding the mosque's transparency and accountability system. Novelty– The finding that the simplicity of financial statements can harmonize the mosque with Islamic communities and organizations is a novelty in this study.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences