jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD44 variant proteins in human colorectal cancer is related to tumor progression.

Specific CD44 variant glycoproteins are overexpressed at particular stages of colorectal tumor progression. Some variants of the CD44 glycoprotein without exon v6 sequences appear at the earliest stage of tumorigenesis, i.e., in early adenomas. Expression of variants containing exon v6 sequences is largely restricted to the advanced stages of tumor development and in addition is more prevalent and intense in metastatic (Dukes C/D) than in nonmetastatic (Dukes A/B) carcinomas. The observation that CD44 variants containing a protein domain of CD44 that confers full metastatic potential to rat carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines is increasingly expressed during colorectal tumor progression indicates that this domain may have an important role in tumor progression and metastasis in humans. Information on v6 expression, which can be obtained by routine immunohistochemistry, may prove of important prognostic value, particularly in carcinomas (Dukes A and B) that have not yet given rise to detectable metastases.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Balassa‐Samuelson Model: an Overview*

Abstract This paper introduces a special issue marking the thirtieth anniversary of the publication of two classic papers in international economics, Balassa (1964) and Samuelson (1964). We provide a brief analytical treatment of the basic model and an overview of the contributions in this special issue. the special issue includes novel empirical and theoretical approaches related to the Balassa‐Samuelson model. Theoretical models include dynamic two‐sector growth models, two‐country general‐equilibrium models, and openeconomy models with imperfectly competitive nontraded‐goods sectors. Several papers exploit new sources of data or datasets constructed in new ways from traditional sources. “Under the skin of any international economist lies a deep‐seated belief in some variant of the PPP theory of exchange rates.” (Rudiger Dornbusch and Paul Krugman, 1976, p. 540)

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
ANN model to predict the performance of parabolic dish collector with tubular cavity receiver

In this study, the thermal performance of a parabolic dish concentrator with a rectangular-tubular cavity receiver was investigated. The thermal oil was used as the working fluid in the solar collector system. The performance of the cavity receiver was studied in two ways as a numerical modeling method and the artificial neural networks (ANNs) methodology. In this study, three variable parameters including the different tube diameters equal to 5, 10, 22, and 35 mm, and different cavity depths equal to 0.5a, 0.75a, 1a, 1.5a, and 2a were considered. The purpose of this study is the prediction of the thermal performance of the cavity receiver in different amounts of solar irradiance, the cavity depth, and the diameter of tube by the ANN methodology. The main benefit of the ANN method, in comparison with the numerical modeling method, is the calculation time and cost saving. The results reveal that the ANN method can accurately predict the thermal performance of the cavity receiver at different variable parameters of the cavity depth, and tube diameter with R2 = 0.99 for each prediction.

Topic: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Near field measurements of optical channel waveguides and directional couplers

Near field microscopy is used to investigate the guided mode intensity distribution of optical channel waveguides and directional couplers with subwavelength spatial resolution. The directional coupler consisted of two single mode optical ridge channel waveguides formed with silicon nitride deposited on a lower cladding layer of SiO2 on a silicon substrate. A near field measurement of the guided mode intensity profile in the transverse direction parallel to the waveguide surface was performed across one of the optical channel waveguides. These variations are compared with model calculations. Similar transverse measurements of light propagating through a directional coupler were performed at many locations along the coupler, providing a view of the evolution of optical power transfer.

Topic: Near-Field Optical Microscopy
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Maintenance for Multiple Myeloma Patients: Real World Experience and Results

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (ISSN: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical Science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, consultant pharmacy, internet pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, military pharmacy, pharmacy informatics, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoepidemiology, toxicology, theoretical pharmacology, posology, pharmacognosy, behavioral pharmacology, environmental pharmacology, medicine development and safety testing, drug legislation and safety, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical molecular biology, pharmaceutical biotechnology. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes in Levels of Salivary Sodium and Potassium Associated with the Mustering of Beef Cattle

During the course of some studies of body water in grazing steers (Post and Jenkins, unpublished data), some observations were made of salivary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) to investigate possible associations. The parotid salivary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio has been proposed as an index of the secretion of electrolyte-active steroids (Goding and Denton 1957, 1959; Denton, Goding, and Wright 1959).

Topic: Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Influence of Trade Unions on Pension Reform in Romania and Hungary: The Role of Ideas, Interests and Institutions in Policy-Making

Although both Romania and Hungary have inherited pay-as-you-go defined benefit (PAYG-DB) pensions systems, they have both moved towards a three-pillar pensions system, in which PAYG-DB becomes just one of three pillars together with the mandatory and the voluntary private pension funds. Trade unions have had an important influence on pension reform in both countries. The analysis of pension reform in Hungary and Romania brings evidence that trade unions’ influence on policy-making is not uniform, but it is shaped by the international policy discourse, by the institutional setting, by their relationship with other policy actors, by their organisational culture and even material inheritance.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from The &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 Isoform Vacuolar Type H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase Promotes Distant Metastasis in the Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Accumulating evidence indicates that the acidic microenvironments critically influence malignant behaviors of cancer including invasiveness, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Because the vacuolar-type H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase (V-ATPase) has been shown to cause extracellular acidification by pumping protons, we studied the role of V-ATPase in distant metastasis. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the high-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells strongly expressed the &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 isoform V-ATPase compared to the low-metastatic B16 parental cells. Consistent with this, B16-F10 cells created acidic environments in lung metastases by acridine orange staining and strong &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 V-ATPase expression in bone metastases by immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemical analysis showed B16-F10 cells expressed &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 V-ATPase not only in cytoplasm but also plasma membrane, whereas B16 parental cells exhibited its expression only in cytoplasm. Of note, knockdown of &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 V-ATPase suppressed invasiveness and migration with reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in B16-F10 cells and significantly decreased lung and bone metastases, despite that tumor growth was not altered. Importantly, administration of a specific V-ATPase &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 inhibitor FR167356 reduced bone metastasis of B16-F10 cells. These results suggest that &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 V-ATPase promotes distant metastasis of B16-F10 cells by creating acidic environments via proton secretion. Our results also suggest that inhibition of the development of cancer-associated acidic environments by suppressing &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;3 V-ATPase could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer metastasis. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 9(7); 845–55. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Probability Model Based Energy Efficient and Reliable Topology Control Algorithm

Topology control is an effective method for improving the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many topology control algorithms can achieve high energy efficiency by dynamically changing the transmission range of nodes. However, these algorithms prefer to choose short multihop communication links rather than the long directly communication links which also energy efficient probabilistic. Note that these fact, in this paper, we propose a mathematic model to explore the probability that the long directly communication links are more energy efficient than the short links. We investigate the properties of this probability and find out the optimal transmission range which has highest probability of energy efficient. Based on this conclusion, we propose the energy efficient and reliable topology control algorithm (ERTC) to maintain the r-range for the nodes instead of the k-connection; moreover, ERTC can achieve energy efficient and network connection at the same time.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or MIS‐C: Results of the PICNIC registry

Abstract Introduction Coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited. Methods An international multicentered ( n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS‐C) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021. This sub‐study focused on coagulopathy. Study variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, hospital course, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes. Results Nine hundred eighty‐five children were enrolled, of which 915 (93%) had clinical information available; 385 (42%) had symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 288 had MIS‐C (31.4%), and 242 (26.4%) had SARS‐CoV‐2 identified incidentally. Ten children (1%) experienced thrombosis, 16 (1.7%) experienced hemorrhage, and two (0.2%) experienced both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Significantly prevalent prothrombotic comorbidities included congenital heart disease ( p ‐value .007), respiratory support ( p ‐value .006), central venous catheter (CVC) ( p = .04) in children with primary SARS‐CoV‐2 and in those with MIS‐C included respiratory support ( p ‐value .03), obesity ( p ‐value .002), and cytokine storm ( p = .012). Comorbidities prevalent in children with hemorrhage included age &gt;10 years ( p = .04), CVC ( p = .03) in children with primary SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and in those with MIS‐C encompassed thrombocytopenia ( p = .001) and cytokine storm ( p = .02). Eleven patients died (1.2%), with no deaths attributed to thrombosis or hemorrhage. Conclusion Thrombosis and hemorrhage are uncommon events in children with SARS‐CoV‐2; largely experienced by those with pre‐existing comorbidities. Understanding the complete spectrum of coagulopathy in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection requires ongoing research.

Topic: COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Four Arabic Legal Documents Belonging to ʿAmmār b. Salama b. ʿAbd al-Wārith

Abstract This paper edits and studies four Arabic legal documents, written on two papyri, now housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. The documents belong to a certain ʿAmmār b. Salama b. ʿAbd al-Wārith, a merchant from al-Bahnasā. Document 1 (P.CTYBR inv. 1720 verso) records a contract of sale of two inherited portions belonging to a Copt with double names, a Christian and a Muslim one. The contract touches on two significant socio-religious subjects: 1. name change after religious conversion, and 2. the loss of paternal filiation ( nasab ) of children born outside wedlock or in wedlock but their paternity was disavowed via the Islamic procedure of liʿān “oath of condemnation” or upon evidence of certain circumstances that prove impossibility of paternity. Documents 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 (P.CTYBR inv. 1715 recto and verso) contains three debt acknowledgements recording payments in coin and in kind. All documents date to the year 297/909–910.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative Study with EMG, Pressure Algometry and Manual Palpation in Tension-Type Headache and Migraine

According to International Headache Society classification criteria, the presence of pericranial muscle disorder in tension-type headache should be evaluated using one of the following methods: EMG, pressure algometry or manual palpation. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of these three methods in 15 patients with episodic tension-type headache, 29 with chronic tension-type headache and 22 presenting migraine without aura compared to those obtained in healthy individuals. Algometric and EMG recordings at the frontalis muscle during mental arithmetic were more impaired in episodic and chronic tension headache patients than in controls and migraine patients. Chronic tension headache patients were significantly impaired at the trapezius muscle in all three tests compared to controls. Our data indicate that when two or three tests were carried out the diagnostic capacity was significantly improved in comparison to only one test. Moreover, since a different pattern could be seen with pain and without pain, the existence of headache at the time of testing should be taken into consideration.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Experiences of Adults After Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP)

The aim of this phenomenological qualitative study was to capture and understand the essence of the lived experiences of individuals after participating in equine facilitated psychotherapy (EFP). In that the experiences of participants after exposure to EFP have not previously been examined, this study adds to the literature on this innovative therapy. Theoretical viewpoints on animal assisted therapy and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) were explored, as well as how the SFBT methodology compares to techniques used in EFP. Using interviews, the study involved capturing participants' experiences by collecting their descriptions of their involvement with EFP, identifying the specific experiences they noted, ascertaining what the participants did with these experiences, and discerning themes or patterns in the interview data. A purposive sample of 10 adults who had participated in EFP participated in interviews, the data from which were analyzed by hand coding. Analysis showed improved quality of life with improvements in overall well-being and in participants' relationships. The findings of this research study may lead to additional research in this area and may promote the establishment of consistent techniques in EFP, proper credentialing of those who use EFP, and applicable regulatory standards. By exploring the lived experiences of individuals who have participated in EFP, providers may be able to delve more deeply into the curative factors that may be at work with this type of therapy.

Topic: Art Therapy and Mental Health
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Transdermal Absorption of Methimazole- a Cat’s Tale

Abstract Introduction: In modern civilization different kinds of animals live with us as pets. These pets have different diseases and are on medications. Close contact with animals can cause medication adverse reactions or may worsen pre-existing conditions in humans. Here we present an interesting case of hypothyroidism worsened by transdermal absorption of methimazole administered for feline hyperthyroidism. Case History: 66-year-old Caucasian female with past medical history of postoperative hypothyroidism s/p total thyroidectomy secondary to multinodular goiter due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with a 0.2 cm papillofollicular microcarcinoma and 0.7 cm follicular adenoma presented for follow up. She complained of weight gain, lethargy and dry skin for the past 4 months. She was on a stable dose of levothyroxine 112 mcg daily for the past year. She took her pill correctly and did not miss any doses. Her other medical problems were impaired fasting glucose, osteopenia and B12 deficiency. Her repeat thyroid function tests showed TSH 11.2 mc IU/ l (0.4 -4) (TSH - 0.538 mc IU/ L 6 months back), T4 - 6.8 mcg/ dl (4.5 - 12) (T4 8.9 6 months back). She had a measurable serum thyroglobulin of 0.4 ng/ml with antithyroglobulin antibody 11 IU/ml (&amp;lt;115) consistent with some residual thyroid tissue despite her history of a “total thyroidectomy”. Due to recent worsening of her symptoms with elevated TSH on background of previous stable levothyroxine requirement, further detailed history was taken. She reported that her cat was suffering from hyperthyroidism, treated with methimazole 10 mg daily. The patient used to cut the pill in half with bare hands and fed it to her pet. She also used to handle wet methimazole that her cat coughed up. Her levothyroxine dose was continued at 112 mcg daily. The patient was advised to use gloves before feeding and wash her hands after feeding her cat. Her symptoms resolved after she took precautions and TSH normalized to 1.170 mc IU/ l with T4 7.6 two months later. Conclusion: Absorption of methimazole by transdermal administration has been shown in cats1. A study by Kasraee et al showed safety of a 5% topical methimazole application for treatment of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation in humans with no change in thyroid function tests2. Our case contradicts this study and indicates that methimazole might be absorbed transdermally in humans. To conclude, more studies are needed to study the effect of transdermal administration of methimazole in humans. References: 1. Hill KE, Mills PC, Jones BR et.al. Percutaneous absorption of methimazole: an in vitro study of the absorption pharmacokinetics for two different vehicles. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015;38(6):581-589. PMID: 25683868 2. Kasraee B et al. Safety of topical methimazole for the treatment of melasma. Transdermal absorption, the effect on thyroid function and cutaneous adverse effects. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;21(6):300-305. PMID: 18667842

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Should associated intraoperative and/or postoperative photocoagulation be systematic during or after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy?].

Intra- and/or postoperative photocoagulation should not be systematic but reserved for management of iatrogenic retinal breaks and also for extensive panretinal photocoagulation in recurrent vitreous hemorrhage.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Racialization and Strategies of Resistance Among Undocumented Latino Young Adults in the United States

After examining 50 interviews with undocumented young Latinos, this chapter shows that race directly initiates perceptions of illegality and ultimately denies Latinos access to citizenship status prior to the assessment of their documentation status. The authors also note that 1.5-generation Latinos do not passively take racism directed at them, but instead resist by speaking up and being visible as undocumented. The chapter challenges the mainstream thought of 1.5-generation as assimilation-oriented by showing they are cognizant of structural racism and are also resisting it.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Baclofen-induced toxicity in renal disease with neurotoxicity and skin rash

Baclofen is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for spasticity and is also used off-label for trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, and substance abuse dependency. Baclofen is 90% renally excreted and has a variable threshold for toxicity in patients with chronic kidney disease. We present a case of accidental overdose of baclofen in a 58-year-old woman with intractable trigeminal neuralgia. She presented with baclofen neurotoxicity symptoms including confusion and tremors and had a morbilliform rash in the dorsum of both hands. This simultaneous presentation is rare and has never been reported. Her symptoms resolved after hemodialysis treatment.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Femoral versus peroneal neuropathy in diabetic children and adolescents--relationships to clinical status, metabolic control and retinopathy.

In order to estimate the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in proximal and distal peripheral nerves, femoral and peroneal motor conduction was evaluated in 61 diabetic children, adolescents and young adults whose type 1 diabetes had become clinically apparent before the age of 14 years. Femoral motor nerve conduction velocity (FMNCV) in diabetic patients (63.8 +/- 10.4 m/sec) was not significantly different from FMNCV in control subjects (65.6 +/- 7.1 m/sec). By contrast, peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (PMNCV) in diabetic patients (50.2 +/- 6.9 m/sec) was significantly lower than in controls (54.1 +/- 3.5 m/sec). Distal motor weakness, sensory deficit and absent Achilles reflexes were strongly correlated to impaired motor conduction in peroneal and also in femoral nerve. Peroneal nerve abnormality was negatively correlated with HbA1 levels, while femoral nerve abnormality was positively correlated with the presence of retinopathy. This discrepancy is not fully understood. Age and duration of diabetes were unrelated to femoral or peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity. Our data emphasize the frequent occurrence of subclinical proximal neuropathy in diabetic children and adolescents.

Topic: Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences