jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze, Fluid Resuscitation, and Movement on Hemorrhage Control in a Porcine Model

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) compared to a control group on hemorrhage control; the amount of crystalloid volume infusion on rebleeding; the effect of movement on hemorrhage. This was a prospective, experimental design. Swine were randomly assigned to either the QCG () or the control group (). Investigators transected the femoral artery and vein in each swine. After one minute of uncontrolled hemorrhage, the hemostatic agent, QCG, was placed into the wound followed by standard wound packing. The control group underwent the same procedures but without a hemostatic agent. After five minutes of direct pressure, a standard pressure dressing was applied. After 30 minutes, dressings were removed, and the wound was observed for rebleeding for 5 minutes. If hemostasis occurred, 5 liters of crystalloid was given over 5 minutes, and the wound was observed for rebleeding for 5 additional minutes. If no bleeding occurred, the extremity on the side of the injury was moved. There were significant differences in the amount of hemorrhage (), the amount of fluid administration (), and the number of movements () between the QCG and control.

Topic: Hemostasis and retained surgical items
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 14444: A Novel Role for the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Resuscitation From Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression by Fentanyl in the Rat

Introduction: Opioid receptor antagonists, like naloxone, reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). We recently found that systemic oxytocin reverses fentanyl OIRD in rats. Naloxone triggers a surge in oxytocin release from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in anesthetized rats. Hypothesis: Given that naloxone induces PVN oxytocin release, we hypothesized that the PVN, an unrecognized brain region for opioid overdose reversal, is capable of respiratory resuscitation following fentanyl OIRD. Methods: Naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.v.) was given to conscious rats with indwelling venous cannulae. Blood samples were extracted at 5 min post-naloxone to measure plasma oxytocin by ELISA. Under anesthesia, phrenic nerve activity was recorded in vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats to quantify inspiratory drive following fentanyl (60 nmol/kg, i.v.) and assess OIRD reversal potential following unilateral PVN nanoinjection of naloxone (3 nmol/kg, 50 nL) or vehicle (50 nL). In spontaneously breathing mice with channelrhodopsin expressed exclusively in oxytocin neurons, expired CO 2 was used to monitor rhythmic ventilation and to quantify bradypnea during OIRD. Following fentanyl, blue light (473 nm, 12 mW) pulses (10 ms, 20 Hz) or dummy pulses were delivered to the PVN using a 5 s On/1 s Off pattern for 3 min. Results: Systemic naloxone resulted in a surge in plasma oxytocin compared to vehicle in the conscious rat. Naloxone in PVN both reversed and prevented OIRD by systemic fentanyl in the rat. Photostimulation of PVN oxytocin neurons prevented lethal effects of fentanyl OIRD, whereas dummy pulses failed to prevent lethal respiratory arrest in the mouse. Conclusions: Here, we confirm that naloxone stimulates oxytocin neurons of the PVN and results in a surge of plasma oxytocin. PVN opioid receptor antagonism and photoactivation of PVN oxytocin neurons are individually capable of reversing OIRD. Findings also indicate that PVN oxytocin neurons, previously unrecognized in reversal of OIRD, are a novel target for resuscitation agents.

Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of polymer chain end groups in plasma modification for surface metallization of polymeric materials

Abstract How to improve adhesion between poly(oxybenzoate‐ co ‐oxynaphthoate) (Vecstar OC and FA films) and copper metal by Ar, O 2 , N 2 and NH 3 plasma modification was investigated. The mechanism of adhesion improvement is discussed from the viewpoint of chemical and physical interactions at the interface between the Vecstar film and copper metal layer. The adhesion between Vecstar OC film and copper metal was improved by chemical rather than physical interactions. Polymer chain end groups that occur at Vecstar OC film surfaces contribute effectively to adhesion. This improvement in adhesion is due to interactions between copper metal and OC groups formed by plasma modification. Aggregation of the OC groups to the copper metal/Vecstar OC film interface is a key factor for good adhesion. From this aspect, heat treatment of plasma‐modified Vecstar OC films on glass plates is effective in the aggregation, and the peel strength for the copper metal/Vecstar OC film system reached 1.21 N (5 mm) −1 . Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Al-Ta’ribat Mufradat Modern pada Lingkup IT (Analisis Leksikografi)

This research aims to find out broad things about ta'rib/arabization of modern vocabulary absorbed from foreign languages ​​in the scope of IT (Information and Technology) which is reviewed by lexicographic/dictionary analysis. The type of research used in this article is qualitative research using library research methods, namely collecting data and also various information based on literature in the form of journals, research results, other references related to the discussion in this study. As for the results of the research in this article, about 56 Arabic vocabularies were absorbed from foreign languages. There are 7 vocabularies absorbed from foreign languages ​​based on sound. The vocabulary terms contained in Arabic are 49 vocabularies.

Topic: Arabic Language Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 712588: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A profile of police administration resources: using textbook citations to determine collecting parameters

Cited references and suggested readings from undergraduate textbooks can help collection development librarians define parameters of newly emerging fields of study. This study examined the citations from four heavily used textbooks in police administration in order to gain an overview of the resources experts use to introduce their subject to undergraduates. Books were cited more than journals. Government publications, court cases, and association publications contributed substantially to the field. Monographic and serial resources in business, management, public affairs, labor relations, sociology, and law were cited frequently, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Materials from the 70s and 80s were cited more often than current resources. Using the compiled data as a base, the author suggests implications for building collections geared toward students in the field.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental Compromise and Mechanistic Approaches to the Evolutionary Ecology of Interacting <i>Daphnia </i>Species

Abstract The experimental approach has been tremendously useful in community ecology, but it has led to a codified design for experiments, which has been characterized as phenomenological by some critics (Dunham, this volume; Petraitis, this volume). In the conventional approach, investigators select a particular system (i.e., an assemblage at a particular place and time) and conduct perturbation experiments to determine if certain general processes occur (e.g., species removals to detect the occurrence of predation or competition). In some cases, multiple factors are manipulated to determine the “relative importance” of these factors on aspects of the community. This tradition of experiments has rapidly escalated, and standard means have been developed and improved to deal with a wide array of methodological, statistical, and inferential issues (Hurlburt 1984, Hairston 1989, Manly 1992, Underwood 1995). Whereas early experiments often suffered from an array of such problems (Table 5-1), more recent work reflects a greater awareness of these important issues. Improvements on the experimental approach, however, continue to deal poorly with what are perhaps the most important concerns: generality and extrapolation. Advances in these areas come at great cost.

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding the Emotional Experience of Organizational Change: Evidence from a Merger

The problem and the solution. Organizational changes, especially mergers,are very emotive events.Still,in change models, the role of emotion is rarely discussed. Most of the change literature focuses on rational and cognitive aspects and views emotions merely as human frailty or cause for interference with implementing change.This literature portrays a very limited and superficial understanding of emotions. By drawing on psychological literature on emotion theories,more helpful notions can be developed, such as viewing emotions as an essential part of the working experience. These theoretical developments are exemplified and taken a step further by the results of an explorative study, investigating the emotional experiences of a merger.A framework is developed,which allows researchers to map out the emotional experience more comprehensively.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Extent of Corruption

It was discussed in Chap. 2 that no international consensus existed concerning a definition of corruption. This makes the subject difficult to study empirically. Furthermore, there are also often no witnesses who are unaware they are a victim of corruption. However, understanding the level of corruption is important; if corruption can be measured, regardless of how approximate the data might be, it can be learned which factors are potentially involved in any reduction of its incidence (Collier 2000; Heywood 2015). Measurement is therefore critical, providing some benchmark of progress, understanding its extent, and identifying what effective factors reduced its rate of incidence, if any. This chapter therefore examines the various efforts that have been made, both historically and contemporarily (Hough 2015), to gauge the prevalence of corruption, its impact on people and the effectiveness of anti-corruption initiatives and reforms.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Do Spanish regions converge? A time-series approach using fractional cointegration

This article investigates economic convergence in terms of real income per capita between the autonomous regions of Spain over the period 1955–2020. In order to converge, the series should be cointegrated. This necessary condition is checked using two testing strategies recently proposed for fractional cointegration, finding no evidence of cointegration, which rules out the possibility of convergence between all or some of the Spanish regions. As an additional contribution, an extension of the critical values of Nielsen’s (2010) test of fractional cointegration is provided for a different number of variables and sample sizes from those originally provided by the author, fitting those considered in this article.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Proposed Model to Enhance Crisis Management Capabilities of Electricity Production and Supply Companies in Pakistan

Crisis management (CM) is considered to be of growing importance in the management of utilities. A wealth of literature on crisis stresses on the need to enhance crisis management capabilities such as decision making, and leadership. Such capabilities are already in practice in the developed countries but have been mostly ignored in developing countries like Pakistan. Because of the neglect of the crisis management capabilities particularly in relation to utilities, Pakistan is facing acute shortage of electricity which is the life and blood of the industrial development in the country. Due to the electricity crisis, many of the industries have been forced to shut down and hundreds of thousands have become unemployed. The present study is an attempt to propose a framework that would help enhance the crisis management capabilities of the companies involved in electricity production and supply. A comprehensive review of literature has been carried out in order to propose a conceptual framework accordingly.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tamoxifen resistance mechanisms in breast cancer treatment

Therapies targeting estrogen receptor (ER) are being widely used to treat ER+ breast cancer patients. Despite early detection and improved survival outcomes, tamoxifen resistance, either intrinsic or acquired- is a major obstacle in effective disease management. Current review will summarize different molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance both intrinsic and acquired in breast cancer treatment. This review not only provides basis to understand the nature of tamoxifen drug resistance but also suggests the mechanisms for its control leading to improved therapeutic interventions.

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dworkin on Equality, Autonomy and Authenticity

Ronald Dworkin has written extensively on equality, an idea that is at the center of his legal and political theory. Yet there have been few attempts to explain his idea of equality systematically, and none that have examined how the concept of equality unifies his use of various other central categories. This article offers and defends a particular interpretation of Dworkin’s concern for fundamental equality. It proposes that his concern lies not with the equality of persons in the sense of the equality of personal worth, but rather with the equality of authentic personal autonomy. In the final analysis he is dismissive of the idea of the fundamental equality of personal worth. This critical analysis is extended to a series of interrelated ideas in the Dworkinian canon: sanctity of life, dignity, critical interests, rights (including human rights) and personhood. It is found that equality of personal autonomy and not equality of persons as such best fits with and explains his integrated approach to these other concepts. The final section questions the coherency of Dworkin’s appropriation of the human rights idiom in light of this primary thesis. Valuing equality of personal autonomy while denying equality of personal worth has very serious implications for the integrity of Dworkin’s human rights project. Interpreting Dworkin’s views on these matters is made somewhat complicated by his tendency to appropriate familiar concepts, alter them through the application of a novel gloss, and present them as entirely consistent with their more mainstream form.

Topic: Political Philosophy and Ethics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Testing of Web Services using Behavior-Driven Development

Web services are commonly used in the communication of software over the web. To fully trust a web service, it should be tested and certified, but testing of web services provoke new challenges. Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) can be applied to the testing of web services. Gherkin language is used to define scenarios in BDD. We used Gherkin language to define test cases for web services and we developed a tool to convert these test cases into JMeter test scripts.

Topic: Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mutations of the <i>Drosophila dDP</i>, <i>dE2F</i>, and <i>cyclin E</i> Genes Reveal Distinct Roles for the E2F-DP Transcription Factor and Cyclin E during the G<sub>1</sub>-S Transition

This article refers to:Repression of TFIIH Transcriptional Activity and TFIIH-Associated cdk7 Kinase Activity at Mitosis

Topic: Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New rice varieties and cropping systems for paddy fields with poor water control in Madagascar

Developing and maintaining water control in paddy fields is difficult, costly and requires sufficient water reserves. Thus, even in the main rice growing area of Madagascar, the Aláotra lake region (800 metres above sea level), only 30 000 ha of paddy fields can be properly irrigated when over 70 000 ha will remain under poor water control. In these fields, traditional techniques based on irrigated cropping practices are very unreliable: late transplanting (which can be done only when sufficient water is available) and occurence of dry conditions at the end of the plant cycle lead to usually low yields (0.8 to 1 t/ha on average) and production is very unreliable (from nil, during the dry years to 3 t/ha when rains are favourable), which makes crop intensification very hazardous. For such situations, a change in paradigm is proposed: abandoning irrigated practice and making the choice of growing upland or poly-aptitude" rice varieties (SEBOTA) with agro-ecological practices adapted to the specific field water regime.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
“I Quit!”: White Privilege, White Fragility, and White-Hot Rage: A Poetic Response in Five Acts

This work consists of five narrative poems that correspond to five moments, Acts, related to a lesson about institutional racism and White privilege, presented to preservice teachers, via Zoom. That White privilege, White fragility, and institutional racism exist is well established, as is the necessity of commitment to preparing preservice teachers for cultural competence and responsiveness. Therefore, the poetry is presented without a literature review, in an effort to highlight the layered tensions of the author’s lived experience, the precarious positionality of tenure-track faculty, and the potential consequences of choices made, to teach (or not) controversial content.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of amino acid and peptide alimentation on the determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat

Abstract Endogenous ileal amino acid (free + bound) flow was determined in four 190‐g male rats given a diet whose sole nitrogen source was enzyme hydrolysed casein and compared with that of six rats whose diet contained synthetic amino acids as the only nitrogen source but excluding alanine, glutamic acid and serine, and six rats fed a protein‐free diet. The enzyme hydrolysed casein, a mixture of free amino acids and oligopeptides, was assumed to be completely absorbed in the small intestine of the rat. A further seven rats were given an enzyme hydrolysed casein‐based diet and their ileal digesta were treated, post‐collection, with perchloric acid to precipitate soluble proteins. The latter procedure removed the need to assume complete absorption of the casein nitrogen. The endogenous flow of amino acids for enzyme hydrolysed casein‐fed rats was higher than that for the protein‐free diet (P &lt; 0.05) which did not differ from the synthetic amino acid diet for the flows of alanine, glutamic acid and serine. The high apparent digestibility of the synthetic amino acids not excluded from the diet indicated that their ileal excretions were mainly of endogenous origin. It would appear, therefore, that the protein deplete state per se does not influence endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the growing rat, but there is a direct effect of small peptides on the net loss of endogenous amino acids from the small intestine. The estimates of endogenous amino acid flow obtained following the perchloric acid treatment of digesta were unrealistically low and thus inconclusive, but raised doubt as to the eficiency of perchloric acid in precipitating protein from rat ileal digesta.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Scapegoat and magic charm: law in development theory and practice

Ever since I first read the above aperçu I have been thinking of it in relation to lawrelated planning and analysis of social and economic change in developing countries.1 Law-related development planning-and there is little development policy and implementation which does not involve law-but also large parts of what goes under the name of development theory, seem to prove the above statement. The idea of legal engineering, of achieving social and economic change through government law, still ranks foremost in the arsenal of development techniques. Law, as 'desired situation projected into the future' (F.von Benda-Beckmann 1983a), is used as a magic charm. The law-maker seeks to capture desired economic or social conditions, and the practice supposed to lead towards them, in normative terms, and leaves the rest to law enforcement, or expressed more generally, to the implementation of policy.2

Topic: Human Rights and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences