jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of large-scale vortical structures in transient convective heat transfer augmentation

Abstract The physical mechanism by which large-scale vortical structures augment convective heat transfer is a fundamental problem of turbulent flows. To investigate this phenomenon, two separate experiments were performed using simultaneous heat transfer and flow field measurements to study the vortex–wall interaction. Individual vortices were identified and studied both as part of a turbulent stagnation flow and as isolated vortex rings impacting on a surface. By examining the temporal evolution of both the flow field and the resulting heat transfer, it was observed that the surface thermal transport was governed by the transient interaction of the vortical structure with the wall. The magnitude of the heat transfer augmentation was dependent on the instantaneous strength, size and position of the vortex relative to the boundary layer. Based on these observations, an analytical model was developed from first principles that predicts the time-resolved surface convection using the transient properties of the vortical structure during its interaction with the wall. The analytical model was then applied, first to the simplified vortex ring model and then to the more complex stagnation region experiments. In both cases, the model was able to accurately predict the time-resolved convection resulting from the vortex interactions with the wall. These results reveal the central role of large-scale turbulent structures in the augmentation of thermal transport and establish a simple model for quantitative predictions of transient heat transfer.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunodepression in hamsters experimentally infected with <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>

ABSTRACT Hamsters experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini had significant depression of the antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The depression was more severe with prolonged infections. Lymphoproliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation was also depressed when compared with uninfected controls. The immunodepression in these animals was abolished by anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the immunodepressive effect is reversible and is associated with active infection.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of construction joints and cracks on the stress-strain state of the arch-gravity dam

The aim of the paper was to review the stress-strain state of an arch-gravity dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which has construction and contact joints. The problem is solved by finite element method using software package SOFiSTiK. The finite element model of the "dam – foundation – abutments" created at the department "Structural mechanics and theory of elasticity" of SPbSPU is described. Three-dimensional 8-nodal finite elements were used. Joints in the dam body were modeled by unilateral constraints. The schemes of unilateral constraints location in contact and construction joints are presented. To assess the correctness of the finite element model operation the calculated radial movements at the crest of the dam was compared with the field data. Satisfactory agreement of values confirms the correctness of modeling system behavior by the design scheme. According to the calculation results from the action of the hydraulic load we can conclude that account of the disclosure joints leads to a significant increase in the calculated stresses in the dam body.

Topic: Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Receptivity to an outside Religion: Light from Interaction between Sociology and Missiology

Since missiology is a more comprehensive discipline than the social sciences, it is especially important for missiologists to mark transitions from one discipline to the other. As an example of the utility of the social sciences for missiology when the integrity of the former is maintained, a social scientific perspective, recently developed in Europe, is applied to the topic of receptivity to Christianity or to any religion or ideology introduced from outside a society. It is theorized that receptivity will be affected by the perception of the contribution the new religion or ideology makes to social identity. This perception, in turn, is affected by intergroup relations. Cases are considered and then implications for missiology discussed.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cage‐Like Porous Materials with Simultaneous High C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>Storage and Excellent C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>Separation Performance

Abstract Adsorption‐based separation is an important technology for C 2 H 2 purification due to the environmentally friendly and energy‐efficient advantage. In addition to the high selectivity of C 2 H 2 /CO 2 , the high uptake of C 2 H 2 also plays an important role in the separation progress. However, the trade‐off between adsorption capacity and separation performance is still in a dilemma. Herein, we report a series of cage‐like porous materials named FJI‐H8‐R (R=Me, Et, n Pr and i Pr) which all have high C 2 H 2 uptakes at 1 bar and 298 K. Dynamic breakthrough studies show that they all exhibit excellent C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation performance. Particularly, FJI‐H8‐Me possesses a long breakthrough time up to 90 min g −1 . Additionally, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation reveals that the suitable pore space and geometry contribute much to the excellent separation performance.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
GENAVOS: A New Tool for Modelling and Analyzing Cancer Gene Regulatory Networks Using Delayed Nonlinear Variable Order Fractional System

Gene regulatory networks (GRN) are one of the etiologies associated with cancer. Their dysregulation can be associated with cancer formation and asymmetric cellular functions in cancer stem cells, leading to disease persistence and resistance to treatment. Systems that model the complex dynamics of these networks along with adapting to partially known real omics data are closer to reality and may be useful to understand the mechanisms underlying neoplastic phenomena. In this paper, for the first time, modelling of GRNs is performed using delayed nonlinear variable order fractional (VOF) systems in the state space by a new tool called GENAVOS. Although the tool uses gene expression time series data to identify and optimize system parameters, it also models possible epigenetic signals, and the results show that the nonlinear VOF systems have very good flexibility in adapting to real data. We found that GRNs in cancer cells actually have a larger delay parameter than in normal cells. It is also possible to create weak chaotic, periodic, and quasi-periodic oscillations by changing the parameters. Chaos can be associated with the onset of cancer. Our findings indicate a profound effect of time-varying orders on these networks, which may be related to a type of cellular epigenetic memory. By changing the delay parameter and the variable order functions (possible epigenetics signals) for a normal cell system, its behaviour becomes quite similar to the behaviour of a cancer cell. This work confirms the effective role of the miR-17-92 cluster as an epigenetic factor in the cancer cell cycle.

Topic: Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The « Cooperative Wage Study » and the Canadian Steelworkers

In contrast to a wealth of information relating to the techniques of implementing a fob evaluation programme relatively little attention has been given to the industrial relations aspects of such a scheme or to conditions necessary for securing union participation in it. In this paper it is our intention to analyse the CWS joint union-management job evaluation programme adopted in the Canadian steel industry from the standpoint of union objectives in pressing for its installation, collective bargaining aspects of the evaluation and internal union membership reactions. At the same time it is hoped to throw more light upon the wage policies and practices of the United Steelworkers — usually recognized as the largest and most powerful industrial union in Canada, about which little systematic knowledge at present exists.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Composition dependence of photoinduced second-order nonlinearity of germanosilicate glasses

The dependence of the photoinduced second-order nonlinearity of germanosilicate glasses on the GeO(2)-SiO(2) composition was investigated using photoinduced second-harmonic generation (SHG). The photoinduced SHG was encoded by coherent superposition of the 800-nm fundamental and the 400-nm second-harmonic light of a femtosecond laser. Experimental results showed that the photoinduced second-order optical nonlinearity increased with increasing concentrations of GeO(2) in the glasses, and the concentration dependence was mainly due to the dependence of the photoinduced internal dc electric field of the glass on the GeO(2)-SiO(2) composition.

Topic: Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract A014: Gastric cancer PDX models for predictive preclinical studies: Establishment, drug sensitivity, and genomic characterization

Abstract Gastric cancer is a common malignant disease representing the fifth common cancer worldwide. Its prognosis is determined by the stage and localization (distal vs. proximal), making gastric cancer the third most lethal cancer type. In early and localized stages, the therapeutic aim is curative, in metastatic stages however, palliative treatment is the only option. Despite some progress in the last 10 years, mortality for late stage gastric cancer is still high due to late diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, we have established patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) of gastric cancer to determine their potential as a preclinical tool to improve diagnosis and therapies of this cancer. For PDX generation, tumor tissue specimens were collected from the gastric cancers immediately after surgery and transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Each PDX was serially passaged for at least three times. Established PDX models were treated in monotherapy with standard of care drugs, inter alia, from the European FLOT standard (5-FU, leucovorine, oxaliplatin and docetaxel). PDX tumor tissue was collected for immunohistochemistry as well as for next generation RNA sequencing and a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed. We established 7 new PDX models of gastric cancer and stably expanded them for further analyses. The histology of the primary tumor was preserved in the PDX model proven by histopathological evaluation. Treatment with standard of care drugs such as 5-FU, docetaxel, or oxaliplatin showed an individual response towards these drugs. The mutational and gene expression landscape of the PDX models resembles the pattern known from public gastric cancer data sets. In conclusion, the newly established gastric cancer PDX panel represents a tool for preclinical analyses of molecular mechanisms of drug sensitivity and resistance. They further provide a clinically relevant platform to identify new biomarkers and to develop novel therapies. Citation Format: Michael Becker, Bernadette Brzezicha, Theresia Conrad, Jana Rolff, Michael Linnebacher, Christoph Treese, Beate Rau, Wolfgang Walther, Jens Hoffmann. Gastric cancer PDX models for predictive preclinical studies: Establishment, drug sensitivity, and genomic characterization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A014. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-A014

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Privacy, Power, and Invisible Labor on Amazon Mechanical Turk

Tasks on crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk often request workers' personal information, raising privacy risks that may be exacerbated by requester-worker power dynamics. We interviewed 14 workers to understand how they navigate these risks. We found that Turkers' decisions to provide personal information during tasks were based on evaluations of the pay rate, the requester, the purpose, and the perceived sensitivity of the request. Participants also engaged in multiple privacy-protective behaviors, such as abandoning tasks or providing inaccurate data, though there were costs associated with these behaviors, such as wasted time and risk of rejection. Finally, their privacy concerns and practices evolved as they learned about both the platform and worker-designed tools and forums. These findings deepen our understanding of both privacy decision-making and invisible labor in paid crowdsourcing, and emphasize a general need to understand how privacy stances change over time.

Topic: Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE MATRIX EFFECT OF TUNA AND MAHI-MAHI ON BIOGENIC AMINE DETECTION

Methodof standard addition (MSA) is used to account for and quantify matrix effect.In this study, MSA was used to analyze the matrix effect of mahi-mahi and tunain respect to biogenic amine detection. Two different detection methods wereused in conjunction with the MSA procedure: a colorimetric strip that detectsvolatile biogenic amines and a histamine-specific ELISA (enzyme-linkedimmunosorbant assay), which detects histamine in the liquid phase. Trainedsensory experts were utilized to grade mahi-mahi and tuna. The grading systemacted as a measure of fish quality. A biogenic amine cocktail was created toact as the standard spike for the MSA procedure. It contained histamine andother biogenic amine compounds of varying volatility that are present innature. The ELISA-MSA showed a clear correlation between increase in histamineand a lower quality sample (higher numerical grade). The colorimetric stripsdid not have a clear correlation between biogenic amine content and grade.Comparing the two methods demonstrates that the matrix effect of the tuna andmahi-mahi is likely more prominent with gas phase compounds than liquid phasecompounds.

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Market analysis with differentiated products. A spatial competition application

The objective of this thesis is, on one hand, to develop a valid method to define the relevant market in an industry with differentiated products and, on the other hand, to study the strategies of product differentiation in a market with a given structure. In the first part of the work, I develop a formal analysis of market definition providing the framework for describing the conditions that a test must satisfy in order to define the relevant market under the rules of the main jurisdictions. An application is done for a retailing market where products are differentiated by means of location and other dimensions and the results show the prominent role played by supply-side substitution in the definition of the relevant market in retailing sectors. The empirical model using sales data from a set of movie theatres in the North of Spain incorporates the observed locations of consumers vis-a-vis the stores and illustrates some of the main features of spatial competition. Finally, I analyse the product differentiation strategies of duopolists and the results show evidence that the theoretical equilibrium with firms choosing maximum differentiation in one dimension and minimum differentiation in the other dimensions tend be supported by the observed behaviour of the Spanish movie theatres.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of Tryptase and CC16/Albumin in Nasal Lavage Fluid as a Screening Tool of Allergic Rhinitis

Background There is no trial to make a diagnostic tool of allergic rhinitis (AR) utilizing biomarkers from nasal fluid. Base on previous studies, we selected following five biomarkers in nasal fluids that represent the characteristics of allergic reactions: tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin 5 (IL-5), Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) and CC16-to-albumin ratio. Objective This study aimed to identify biomarkers in nasal discharge that may be used in biosensors to diagnose AR as an additional diagnostic tool. Methods Patients showed rhinorrhea and tested positive on allergic skin and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests were included in the AR group. The non-AR group included individuals no dominant nasal symptoms and tested negative on allergy tests. Nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from all participants. Biomarkers in the samples were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Forty-five patients with AR and 28 non-AR subjects were enrolled in this study. Comparing the concentrations of biomarkers, the concentrations of tryptase and IL-5 were significantly higher in the AR group than in the NAR group. And CC16 level and CC16-to-albumin ratio were significantly lower in the AR group. In the combination of tryptase or CC16-to-albumin ratio, the sensitivity was 90.7% and the specificity was 64.3% ( p = 0.013). Conclusion The combination of “tryptase or CC16-to-albumin” could be used as a screening tool for AR. Although this diagnostic method could not replace conventional diagnostic tools, we could consider the method we proposed as an additional screening tool for patients who could not undergo allergy tests.

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Emergent Universe: inflationary cosmology with no singularity

Observations indicate that the universe is effectively flat, but they do not rule out a closed universe. The role of positive curvature is negligible at late times, but can be crucial in the early universe. In particular, positive curvature allows for cosmologies that originate as Einstein static universes, and then inflate and later reheat to a hot big bang era. These cosmologies have no singularity, no "beginning of time", and no horizon problem. If the initial radius is chosen to be above the Planck scale, then they also have no quantum gravity era, and are described by classical general relativity throughout their history.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling the sugar cane logistics from farm to mill

A continuous and discrete system gets distinct approach from modelers, since both have very particular characteristics. Some simulation tools are specialized in one system or another, but the great majority fo-cuses on discrete modeling. However, there are many hybrid systems where a continuous process inter-faces with discrete. Despite being possible to model both systems with particular modeling tools, they have to be properly connected. An example of hybrid system is the ethanol production chain, where the transport of the raw material sugar cane has important interactions between the main components of the chain, where there is exchange of equipment, transport and interface of continuous systems with discrete, and vice versa. This study presents the algorithms and techniques used to model the logistics operations of the Alcohol/Sugar producer Raízen, developed using the SIMIO simulation tool. 1

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Steroid receptor RNA activator inhibits the migration, invasion and stemness characteristics of renal cell carcinoma cells

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a high mortality rate among urological malignancies, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Steroid receptor RNA coactivator (SRA) belongs to the long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and has been demonstrated to be closely related to various types of cancer. In the present study, the decreased expression level of SRA was first confirmed in RCC tissues and cell lines by RT‑qPCR. Using knockdown or overexpression systems, it was then found that SRA inhibited the proliferation of RCC cell lines and promoted their apoptosis. In addition, SRA suppressed the migration and invasion, and altered EMT‑related markers in RCC cells. More importantly, it was demonstrated that SRA reduced percentage of CD44+/CD24‑ cells and the sphere‑forming efficiency. SRA also attenuated the expression levels of CD44, SOX‑2, ABCG2 and OCT‑4, which are all associated with cancer cell stemness characteristics. Although SRA increased the phosphorylation of extracellular‑regulated protein kinase (ERK), the ERK1/2 pathway could not further interfere with the alteration of EMT‑related markers mediated by SRA. Notably, the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, abolished ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas it did not exert any marked effects on cell proliferation and EMT‑related markers mediated by SRA. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that SRA is an important molecule that inhibits the migration, invasion and stem cell characteristics of RCC cells; the ERK signaling pathway may not be involved in this process.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interpretation of Dynamic Survey Measurement on Pavement with Treated Roadbase

For over 50 years, the structural condition of a conventionnal pavements has been characterized by the bearing capacity, measured through the deflection produced by a rolling or impact load. However, modern pavements exhibit specific defects which have small or even no effect on deflection. To overcome this difficulty, two types of dynamic survey methods have been developed, the so-called “dispersive methods”, and the “impedance method”. The first group involves single-, two- and multi-station dispersive methods. Theoretical and experimental studies show that, although the multi-station dispersion method seems the most powerful! one, it requires considerable resources, and thus it is, today, inadequate for routine analysis of pavements. The two-station method provides, when pavement layers are correctly bonded, a simple but promising approach for determining the mechanical parameters of the pavements. The impedance method, which was recently developed by the french “Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées (LPCs)”, provides a reliable means to assess the state of pavements interlayers, and thus complete the two-station dispersive method. Therefore, the LPCs developed a new piece of equipement, the COLIBRI system, which applies both methods on a routine basis.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sikarpie Der Nersessian: Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross. (Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies, 1.) xiv, 61 pp., 67 plates. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965. $12.50. (Distributed in G.B. by Oxford University Press. £5.)

Sikarpie Der Nersessian: Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross. (Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies, 1.) xiv, 61 pp., 67 plates. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965. $12.50. (Distributed in G.B. by Oxford University Press. £5.) - Volume 30 Issue 2

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences