jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pear, Early Season Control of Pear Psylla and Pear Rust Mite, 1996

Abstract Mature ‘Bartlett’ trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Pear 1 Block) were sprayed at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Trees were arranged in a CR design of single trees replicated 4 times. All materials were applied as indicated in the table on 4 Jun (IC) and 17 Jul (4C, PP Threshold of 0.3 nymphs per leaf). Streptomycin, Benlate, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Captan, and Funginex were applied to all treatments separately. Dates of PP and PRM evaluation were 19 Jun, 2 Jul, 15 Jul, and 8 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves per replicate were picked, brushed in a mite-brushing machine and then examined under a stereo microscope for PRM adults. Twenty-five leaves per replicate were also evaluated under a stereomicroscope for PP nymphs and eggs. Mean data are reported as PRM adults per leaf, and PP nymphs or eggs per leaf. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 27 Aug by picking 25 fruit randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate per treatment. They were examined for sooty mold from PP and PRM russetting. Sooty mold and russetting evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed in the table.

Topic: Berry genetics and cultivation research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Secure IoT Communication using Blockchain Technology

Nowadays, the development of the Internet of Things is growing rapidly. This condition raises security problems because of the many violations of security policies. In addition, the development of blockchain is also growing rapidly since it was first popularized in Bitcoin. Security issues on this IoT can be solved using blockchain. One way that can be done is to make secure communication between IoT devices. In this study, an IoT system will be created without and using blockchain which will then be compared between the two. The communication protocol used in IoT systems without blockchain is MQTT. Meanwhile, the blockchain platform used is Ethereum along with a smart contract. Both of these IoT systems will be analyzed for their security level by simulating attacks and observing their security aspects. The test results show that the IoT system based on blockchain technology has a higher level of security than the IoT system without blockchain technology.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
UNESCO Story Circles for developing intercultural competences in higher education students within a heterogeneous society context

Story Circles were designed by Dr. Darla Deardorf (2020) together with UNESCO as a practical intercultural tool for developing and practicing intercultural competences that can be used with different groups of people in many settings around the world. Story Circles help participants develop intercultural competences such as listening for understanding, cultural curiosity, empathy and reflection about differences. They can be utilized in a variety of settings in order to improve human interactions across difference, whether within a society (differences due to age, gender, religion, socio-economic status, political affiliation, ethnicity, and so on) or across borders. Although some articles have been published on Story Circles with participants of different nationalities, in this study we use Story Circles to reflect on the differences between people within the same society and with the supposed “same culture”. In this research we used the Story Circles within students of an official Higher Education Institution dedicated to Spanish Letters. We organized three small groups of mostly Argentinean participants who completed a feedback questionnaire at the end of the experience. Seeing that Argentine society is profoundly heterogeneous in its beliefs, practices, rituals, and identifications, we tried to verify if the emotional connections that Story Circles usually produce among people involved in them are expressed in our participants’ feedback. The findings corroborate positive reviews by all participants, and the proposal of Story Circle methodology as a complementary training activity for intercultural competences was highly appreciated by all the participants.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Parallel Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations on a CM5

A Finite Volume Navier-Stokes solver has been written using Fortran 90 on a CM5 parallel computer. The program is written in the data-parallel paradigm, using the array syntax of Fortran 90 to express the parallelism of the algorithm. This has allowed a portable code to be written, which will run on both parallel and serial computers.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Downing Street Diary: Volume Two. By Bernard Donoughue.

When Richard Crossman published his ‘Diaries of a Cabinet Minister’ nearly forty years ago, I was already working in Whitehall as the Political Advisor to James Callaghan as Foreign Secretary. I remember the frisson of disapproval which went round among politicians and mandarins alike. Was not the keeping and publishing of diaries a breach of trust which would undermine both cabinet government and the relationship between civil servants and their Minister? At that time, in 1975, Bernard Donoughue was already at work compiling his own diaries recording his years as head of Harold Wilson's Policy Unit. Those diaries were published in 2005 as ‘Downing Street Diary: with Harold Wilson in Number 10’. In the thirty years between the publication of the Crossman Diaries and that volume, the publishing of personal records and instant memoirs became much more common. Barbara Castle famously referred to her diaries as ‘my pension’ and Tony Benn turned diary writing and publication into something of a cottage industry.

Topic: Data Analysis and Archiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transmission of Tristeza and Seedling Yellows Tristeza Virus by Aphis Gossypii from Sweet Orange, Grapefruit and Lemon to Mexican Lime, Grapefruit and Lemon

Over ten months, 645 transmission tests were made with Aphis gossypii Glover as vector for two isolates of seedling yellows tristeza virus (CTV-SY) and one of citrus tristeza virus (CTV).Acquisition hosts were seedlings of sweet orange, grapefruit, and lemon, and the receptor hosts were seedlings of Mexican lime, grapefruit and lemon.Twenty-seven combinations were tested with three virus isolates grafted onto three different acquisition hosts and vectored into three different indicator hosts.All three virus isolates in sweet orange were highly transmissible by aphids to Mexican lime (96-100%).The two CTV-SY isolates in sweet orange were transmitted to grapefruit a t 93 and 79% whereas the CTV isolate was transmitted a t only 14%.All three virus isolates in sweet orange were transmissible to lemon a t 18 to 41%.CTV-SY in grapefruit was transmitted a t 40 and 24% to Mexican lime; 31 and 14% to grapefruit, but was not transmitted to lemon, whereas CTV in grapefruit was transmitted to the three receptor hosts a t 3, 0, and 4%, respectively.All 3 virus isolates were transmitted poorly from lemon.In general, transmission from grapefruit or lemon to grapefruit and lemon was quite low with only 14 transmissions in 226 tests (6.2%).The epidemiological consequences of variable transmission from and to different cultivars are discussed.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[The fistula of the first branchial cleft A critical presentation of its pathogenesis and its clinical and surgical problems. A description of one case combined with a fistula auris congenita (author's transl)].

A case of congenital fistula of the first branchial cleft (Ohr-Hals-Fistel) is presented. Based on the previously published cases the anatomical and clinical aspects of the disease are summed up. Pathogenesis is discussed on the underlying principles of embryological basic research, centering on Hochstetter's "Entwicklungsgeschichte der Ohrmuschel und des äusseren Gehörganges des Menschen" (1948), a publication that is hardly known. Some hypotheses on the genesis of the fistula of the first branchial cleft are criticised and a new hypothesis is developed to the effect that the fistula is caused by a disturbance in the development of the external ear channel. A few critical remarks are added concerning the discussion on the genesis of fistula auris congenita.

Topic: Head and Neck Anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metamorphic Fluids in Orogenic Settings

Metamorphic reactions within the Earth’s crust produce fluids of variable composition that play a major role in the evolution of continents. Metamorphic fluids facilitate reactions that alter crustal rheology, reduce melting temperature, cycle elements between geological reservoirs and form ore deposits. These fluids are relatively inaccessible, other than by study of fluid inclusions, so most studies rely on a combination of indirect evidence and predictive thermodynamic models to determine the characteristics and roles of the fluids. In this article, the origins, compositions, controlling phase equilibria, and roles of metamorphic fluids are reviewed, followed by a discussion of selected areas of current and future research.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantum percolation in quasicrystals using continuous-time quantum walk

Abstract We study the percolation of a quantum particle on quasicrystal lattices and compare it with the square lattice. For our study, we have considered quasicrystal lattices modelled on the pentagonally symmetric Penrose tiling and the octagonally symmetric Ammann-Beenker tiling. The dynamics of the quantum particle are modelled using the continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW) formalism. We present a comparison of the behaviour of the CTQW on the two aperiodic quasicrystal lattices and the square lattice when all the vertices are connected and when disorder is introduced in the form of disconnections between the vertices. Unlike on a square lattice, we see a significant fraction of the quantum state localized around the origin in the quasicrystal lattices. With increase in disorder, the percolation probability of a particle on a quasicrystal lattice decreases significantly faster when compared to the square lattice. This study also sheds light on the fraction of disconnections allowed to see percolation of quantum particle on these quasicrystal lattices.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of the Different Prosthesis Designs on Subjective Functional Evaluation after TKA: Medium-Term Outcome Using the 2011 Knee Society Score

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) has become the focus of increased attention in the assessment of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different prosthesis designs affected postoperative patient-reported performance. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 216 patients (234 knees) implanted with the Press-Fit Condylar Sigma prosthesis at our institution between January 2009 and December 2011. This study included 76 knees with fixed-bearing cruciate-retaining (FB-CR), 78 knees with fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized (FB-PS), and 80 knees with mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized (MB-PS) designs. The mean follow-up was 8.0 ± 0.74 years. Preoperative and follow-up ratings according to the 2011 Knee Society Score (2011 KSS), range of motion (ROM), and standing femoro-tibial angle (FTA) were obtained for all patients. Additionally, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were collected at last follow-up. Results: Three separate subscales of the 2011 KSS of the three cohorts were significantly improved post-operatively compared to the pre-operative values (p 0.05), except for expectation scores. At the time of follow-up, significantly higher the 2011 Knee Society Functional Scores (P = 0.016) were found in the PS group. In particular, there were significant differences in advanced activities of the 2011 KSFS among the three groups (P = 0.017). Satisfaction scores showed no difference among the three groups (P = 0.251). On the other hand, WOMAC and expectation scores were significantly better in the PS groups. (P = 0.003, P = 0.004). ROM in the MB-PS group (124.0°) was better than that in FB-PS (119.4°) and FB-CR (118.9°) (P = 0.005). On the other hand, additional surgery was needed in five PS knees. Conclusion: The PS prostheses had superior 2011 KSFS, expectation scores, WOMAC scores and ROM than the CR prostheses. In contrast, the postoperative prosthesis-related complication rates were lower with CR prostheses. Further detailed evaluation is necessary to determine whether the characteristics of the different prostheses affect PRO.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping In field experiment conducted in 2005-2007 the effect of a nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and ENTEC-26) in the amounts of 50, 100, 150, 100+50 kg N·ha -1 in onion ( Allium cepa L.) Wolska cv. grown from sets for early cropping were estimated. Results of the experiment showed that ENTEC-26 was equally good source of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate and less efficient than ammonium sulphate. Split application of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate produced higher while of ENTEC-26 similar yield of onion in comparison to a preplant single dose of fertilizer. Onion fertilized with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate had only slightly higher content of vitamin C in bulbs and leaves than that fertilized with ENTEC-26. Plants of onion fertilized with ENTEC-26 contained also slightly higher level of reducing sugars in bulbs than by using the other source of N

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Epidemiological aspects of appendicitis in a rural setup

<b>Aim:</b> The aim was to study the 3-year epidemiological trend of acute appendicitis in a rural setup. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This is a retrospective study of patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of appendicitis over a period of 3 years excluding negative appendectomy cases. Totally, 130 cases were diagnosed as an acute appendicitis, on clinical suspicion and investigations during this period. We reviewed and studied these cases regarding incidence of appendicitis in different age groups, sex, according to dietary pattern and seasonal trend. <b>Results:</b> Occurrence of appendicitis was the highest in the 11-20 years age group which constituted 44.6%. Followed by 21-30 years age group, which constituted 36.1%. The incidence of appendicitis between the age group 31 and 40 years constituted 11.5% while between 0 and 10 years age group was 3%. Between 41-50 years and 51-75 years of age group 2.3% each. The youngest case recorded was 8 years of age and the oldest 65 years of age. In this study occurrence of appendicitis in both male and female was almost equal. Nonvegetarians were affected more than vegetarians. The occurrence of appendicitis was peak in the spring and low in the summer. <b>Conclusion:</b> Acute appendicitis should be suspected irrespective of age, sex and socioeconomic status of individual. Age-specific occurrence, sex ratio of appendicitis give the impression that epidemiologic features of acute appendicitis are different with worldwide data. It is difficult to diagnose appendicitis in young children, young women and elderly people. Total leukocyte count, urine microscopy, ultrasonography and computed tomography abdomen should be used as a diagnostic aid in doubtful cases in association with physical findings, but it does not replace the clinical skills of a general surgeon.

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of thyroid status on hepatic α<sub>1</sub>-adrenoreceptor responsiveness

The present work aimed to elucidate the influence of thyroid functional status on the α 1 -adrenoreceptor-induced activation of hepatic metabolic functions. The experiments were performed in either a nonrecirculating liver perfusion system featuring continuous monitoring of portal pressure,[Formula: see text], pCa, and pH, or isolated hepatocytes from euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism decreased the α 1 -adrenergic stimulation of respiration, glycogen breakdown, and gluconeogenesis. These effects were accompanied by a decreased intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization corroborating that those processes are regulated by the Ca 2+ -dependent branch of the α 1 -adrenoreceptor signaling pathway. Moreover, in hyperthyroid rats the α 1 -adrenergic-induced increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ was enhanced, and glucose synthesis or mobilization was not altered. The thyroid status influenced neither the α 1 -adrenergic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction nor the α 1 -agonist-induced intracellular alkalinization and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Thus the distinct impairment of the Ca 2+ -dependent branch of the α 1 -adrenoreceptor signaling pathway by thyroid status provides a useful tool to investigate the role played by each signaling pathway, Ca 2+ or PKC, in controlling hepatic functions.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In vitro screening of topical formulation excipients for epithelial toxicity in cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines

Chemical excipients used in topical formulations may be toxic to living skin cells. Here, we compared the in vitro toxicity of some common solubilizing excipients against human melanoma cells, human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and primary skin fibroblasts (FB) as examples of cancerous, immortalized and primary human skin cells, often used as experimental models representative of in vivo conditions. Two distinct endpoint assays (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet (CV)) were used. The mechanism of cell death after excipient exposure was assessed through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, cell membrane integrity and cell cycle progression. Results showed that the surfactants, Labrasol®, Labrafil® and Transcutol®, were less toxic than Triton X-100 (a model irritant) in all cell types whereas the oil, Labrafac®, was non-toxic. The human melanoma WM164 cell line showed the greatest sensitivity toward cytotoxicity after chemical exposure, while the other cell lines were more resistant. The relative excipient cytotoxicity responses observed in the MTT and CV assays were comparable and similar trends were seen in their estimated 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry after exposing the cells to IC50 concentrations of the excipients showed negligible apoptotic populations. ROS production was increased in all cell types after toxic exposure; however, ROS elevation did not lead to apoptosis. The toxicity profiles of each excipient are not only relevant to their use in formulating safe topical products but also in the potential synergistic efficacy in the topical treatment of melanoma.

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nord Stream Project: Ecopolitical, Economical And Security Field Considerations

Current article describes shortly about formation of the Nord Stream project and shows clearly economical, financial and other weaknesses of this project. Authors deal with supply sources of Nord Stream project and show that despite to several ecological risks and high cost of this project, several European states inspirited from interests of their good energetic supply, agreed to participate in it under the factual leadership of Russian state concern Gazprom. Authors turn attention to the decision of the Estonian leadership not to participate in this project, taking into the consideration not only ecological aspects, but some security and military aspects also. Unfortunately Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) decided to discuss seriously about influences of the Nord Stream project too late, when Finland, Sweden, Denmark and other participator-countries were given from their governments “green line” for needful to Nord Stream project sea-bottom researches and other operations. Authors show, that for Russian leadership this project has strategic importance, because it increases drastically Russian influence to the states near the Baltic Sea.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Trypanosoma cruzi: susceptibility to chemotherapy with benznidazole of clones isolated from the highly resistant Colombian strain

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of seven clones isolated from the highly resistant Colombian strains, prototype of Biodeme Type III. Seven clones previously obtained, showed a phenotypic homogeneity and high similarity with the parental strain. Eight groups of 30 mice were inoculated with one of seven clones or the parental strain; 20 were treated with benznidazole (100mg/kg/day) and 10 were untreated controls. Cure evaluations were done by parasitological and serological tests and PCR. Cure rates varied from 0% (null) to 16.7%. Correlation between positivity of parasitological and serological tests with positive PCR reached 37%. The results demonstrated the high resistance of the clones, suggesting the predominance of a highly resistant principal clone in this strain. The findings apparently indicate that the possibility of cure is minimal for patients infected with this biodeme; a fact that could affect the control of Chagas' disease through treatment of chronically infected people.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences