jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Teaching Programme about post myocardial infarction medications for nurses of coronary care units at Minia University Hospital and El-Amiry Hospital

The number of individuals diagnosed with myocardial infarction continues to increase; they are usually commenced on several long-term medications post-MI, Patient education regarding these medications is essential.Nurses play a vital role in educating MI patients, and as such, they themselves should be knowledgeable about what they teach.This study aimed to plan, implement, and evaluate the effect of a teaching program about post MI medications on nurses' knowledge.Subjects & methods: An exploratory study was conducted to meet the aim of this study.This study was carried out in CCU in Minia University Hospital and in EL Amiry hospital.The sample included all nurses (33) in the two hospitals.Data were collected through using a questionnaire sheet included two parts: -Part I; included items related to sociodemographic characteristics, Part II; compromised 49 questions covering knowledge related to post myocardial infarction medications (aspirin, beta-blockers, an ACE inhibitors, and statins).Results of this study illustrated that The majority of nurses in both hospitals were females, work as bed side nurses & have no previous training, also the study results revealed that in pretest (before conducting the teaching program) the majority of nurses of both hospitals (University hospital& El Amery hospital) had unsatisfactory level of knowledge about post MI medications while in post test nearly all of them had satisfactory & good knowledge level regarding theses medications (with high statistical significance difference (P.value = 0.000), total knowledge scores of nurses who were working in University hospital were significantly higher score than those who working at El Amery hospital (P.01) .also a significant relation was found between nurses' knowledge and their educational level.Conclusion of this study illustrated that the implementing of the teaching program about post MI medications (beta blockers, aspirin, ACE inhibitors and statins) was successful in improving and upgrading nurses' knowledge about these medications.Hospitals should recommend conducting a teaching program about post MI medications to MI patients.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ferulic acid relieved ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in rats

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disorder of the bowel that is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine ferulic acid (FA) is known for its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiinflammatory properties. However, its role in UC is still unclear. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the role of FA in UC. Rats were treated with 2,4,6‐triabrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce UC and subjected to FA. Human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) were treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and pretreated with FA. Pathological changes in colonic tissues were visualized via hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12, and IL‐1β levels. Cell morphology was visualized by using a microscope, and viability was detected by using MTT. The percentage of apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of the apoptosis‐related proteins thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3). In vivo FA administration alleviated intestinal injury in UC rats and inhibited inflammatory factor levels (IL‐6, IL‐12, and IL‐1β), apoptosis‐related protein expression (caspase‐1 and caspase‐3) and the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In vitro, TNF‐α treatment reduced HIMEC viability, increased cell apoptosis and inflammatory factor levels and activated the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. However, FA treatment restored the viability of HIMECs, reduced TNF‐α‐induced cell apoptosis and inflammation and inhibited the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, with increasing FA concentration, the effects were stronger. In summary, FA inhibits the inflammatory injury of endothelial cells in ulcerative colitis or alleviates TNF‐α‐induced HIMEC injury by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anticancer protein that bites polymer tail is more effective

Cyclizing the termini of protein drugs can improve their pharmaceutical properties modestly, and adding polymers to protein drugs can improve their ability to last a long time in the bloodstream. But anticancer protein-polymer conjugates are often too bulky to enter tumors deeply. Researchers now find that cyclization and polymer conjugation work better together than alone. Hua Lu of Peking University and coworkers cyclized a conjugate of the anticancer protein interferon and an amino acid polymer. Compared with noncyclized conjugates, the cyclized agents have longer circulation half-life, remarkably higher retention time in tumors, and deeper tumor penetration in mice (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13017). It also inhibits tumor progression and extends survival in mice bearing grafted human tumors, while minimizing liver-damaging side effects. The researchers have not confirmed those findings in people yet, but they believe that their study provides the best evidence so far that cyclizing protein-polymer conjugates

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract It was not until around 2000 that human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma was recognized as carcinoma with clinical presentations different from nonrelated head and neck carcinoma. Twenty years after and with the revision of the tumor–node–metastasis classification in 2017, various clinical trials focused on human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with this disease. However, the incidence of human papillomavirus-related cancers is increasing, which is expected to be particularly prominent in Japan, where human papillomavirus vaccination is not widely available. In this review, we describe the current status of clinical trials (mainly focused on initial surgery and radiation dose reduction) for, primary and secondary prevention of, and the present status of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma in Japan.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereodivergent Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted 2‐Azetidinones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis of β-Lactam Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Future Leadership

To coin a phrase from the lyrics of an old song, “what the world needs now” to improve global health is nursing leadership. Several policy reports from the World Health Organization1,2 and the Pan America Health Organization (PAHO)3 emphasize the strategic importance of nursing leadership and the strengthening of nursing leadership at all levels of health systems for improving access and quality of care and population health outcomes. Similarly, these reports recognize the enhanced clinical expertise provided by advanced practice nurses and advocate for their expanded use and optimized scope of practice to deliver needed health care services in all countries, but especially in lower- and middle-income countries where advanced practice nurses may be few or non-existent, and where there is high health inequity.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Yield, varietal zoning of spring barley in Tyumen region and assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of its varieties

The purpose of the study is to assess the yield of spring barley in the production and state variety testing of the Tyumen region for 2017-2022, its varietal zoning, as well as the yield and adaptability of varieties for 2021-2023 in the conditions of the subtaiga. There was a significant excess of yield in state variety testing compared to production, which averaged 15.0 c/ha in 2017-2022. The originators of most of the varieties approved for use are the Federal Research Centers of the Urals and Western Siberia. The variety Kudesnik (44.8 c/ha) was the best in terms of average yield, and Chelyabinsky 99 (69.2%) – in terms of the realization of its potential. Stress resistance is low in all varieties, which ranged from -31.2 (Orda) to -49.0 (Nord 18/2613). All varieties had significant yield variability, ranging from 42.7% (Orda) to 69.4% (Nord 18/2613). Strong responsiveness to changes in conditions was detected in the varieties KVS Jessy (b i = 1.10) and Nord 18/2613 (b i = 1.34), which are classified as intensive. The varieties Acha, Despina, Kudesnik, Divny and Abba, with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one, were characterized as plastic, and the varieties Orda, Chelyabinsky 99 and Abalak were poorly responsive to changes in conditions (b i &lt; 1). Yield stability is low in all varieties, from St 2 = 0.52 (Nord 18/2613) to St 2 = 0.82 (Abalak, Orda). The variety Kudesnik (E i.. =4.8) was characterized the greatest indicator of the genotypic effect, and the variety Abalak (143.5%) – the indicator of the yield and stability of the variety. The varieties Abalak (sum of ranks 32) and Kudesnik (sum of ranks 35) were recognized as the best by the sum of the ranks of the indicators of yield and adaptability of spring barley for 2021-2023 in the subtype of the Tyumen region.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Technical–tactical analysis of small combat games in male kickboxers: effects of varied number of opponents and area size

To handle the competition demands, sparring drills are used for specific technical-tactical training as well as physical-physiological conditioning in combat sports. While the effects of different area sizes and number of within-round sparring partners on physiological and perceptive responses in combats sports were examined in previous studies, technical and tactical aspects were not investigated. This study investigated the effect of different within-round sparring partners number (i.e., at a time; 1 vs. 1, 1 vs. 2, and 1 vs. 4) and area sizes (2 m × 2 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 6 m × 6 m) variation on the technical-tactical aspects of small combat games in kickboxing.Twenty male kickboxers (mean ± standard deviation, age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years), regularly competing in regional and national events randomly performed nine different kickboxing combats, lasting 2 min each. All combats were video recorded and analyzed using the software Dartfish.Results showed that the total number of punches was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p = 0.011, d = 0.83). Further, the total number of kicks was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 0.99 and d = 0.83, respectively). Moreover, the total number of kick combinations was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.05 and d = 0.95, respectively). The same outcome was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 m × 6 m areas (p = 0.010 and d = - 0.45; p < 0.001 and d = - 0.6, respectively). The number of block-and-parry was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p < 0.001, d = 1.45) and 1 versus 2 (p = 0.046, d = 0.61) and in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 × 6 m areas (p < 0.001; d = 0.47 and d = 0.66, respectively). Backwards lean actions occurred more often in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.009, d = 0.53) and 6 m × 6 m (p = 0.003, d = 0.60). However, the number of foot defenses was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 6 m × 6 m (p < 0.001, d = 1.04) and 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.004, d = 0.63). Additionally, the number of clinches was significantly higher in 1 versus 1 compared with 1 versus 2 (p = 0.002, d = 0.7) and 1 versus 4 (p = 0.034, d = 0.45).This study provides practical insights into how to manipulate within-round sparring partners' number and/or area size to train specific kickboxing technical-tactical fundamentals.This study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pedestrians' perceptions of walkability and safety in relation to the built environment in Cali, Colombia, 2009–10

Objective To assess pedestrians' perceptions of the walkability of the urban environment and pedestrian safety in Cali, Colombia. Design Standardised intercept interviews were conducted of 400 pedestrians walking in 20 randomly selected urban zones to ascertain frequency of walking, and perceptions of safety, the built environment and security. Four focus group meetings were held with community members and students addressing these issues in an open-ended forum. The study analysed quantitative data collected in street interviews and qualitative information from focus groups addressing respondents' views on problems for pedestrians, how the built environment affects walking and ideal walking conditions. Results Access to public transportation was deemed the most positive characteristic of the built environment and 61% of respondents liked walking in the street. When disaggregating street conditions, the majority of pedestrians were dissatisfied with their walking experiences. Pedestrians cited lack of respect for norms, personal safety and built environment characteristics as their main concerns. Among frequent walkers, residents tended to rate their neighbourhoods more negatively compared with non-residents. Through qualitative interviews it became apparent that narrow sidewalks that are frequently obstructed by motor vehicles are a key reason for pedestrian dissatisfaction. A perception of overall insecurity further determines how pedestrians assess or modulate their walking in this city. Conclusions Overall, walking in Cali was perceived negatively by pedestrians because of built environment characteristics and perceptions of insecurity. Qualitative information used to complement intercept surveys can provide a better way to identify pedestrian-specific transport-related problems.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data condensation in large databases by incremental learning with support vector machines

An algorithm for data condensation using support vector machines (SVM) is presented. The algorithm extracts data points lying close to the class boundaries, which form a much reduced but critical set for classification. The problem of large memory requirements for training SVM in batch mode is circumvented by adopting an active incremental learning algorithm. The learning strategy is motivated from the condensed nearest neighbor classification technique. Experimental results presented show that such active incremental learning enjoy superiority in terms of computation time and condensation ratio, over related methods.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An outcome evaluation to measure changes in sexual risk-taking among gay men undergoing substance use disorder treatment.

We conclude that: (1) substantial HIV risk reductions can occur after initiation of treatment for substance use disorder among gay men; (2) risk reductions begin soon after treatment begins; (3) lapses to unsafe sex are common during treatment; (4) continued UAI is most likely among those men who are riskier at intake, who continue to be more sexually active and who are more likely to combine substance use and sexual behavior; (5) AIDS prevention activities conducted at treatment agencies cannot reach all high-risk substance-using gay men.

Topic: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
U.S. Medical Imperatives for Low Intensity Conflict

Military imperatives provide a framework for concept and professional development by highlighting key elements or attributes characteristic of successful operations. This paper will endeavor to develop a set of medical imperatives for Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) based on accepted doctrine and recent medical experience. Over the past decade emerging LIC doctrine began to establish parameters within which medical operations would be conducted. Low Intensity Conflict imperatives from FM100-20 coupled with sustainment imperatives from FM 100-5 provide the initial basis from which to develop a consistent and appropriate LIC medical doctrine. Vietnam and more recent medical operations conducted in various low intensity environments to include: Beirut, Honduras, El Salvador, and Panama provide practical experience from which we can evaluate lessons learned and formulate concepts. The result is a set of medical imperatives that include: integration, legitimacy, continuity, responsiveness, medical intelligence, and simplicity. These imperatives are consistent with published military doctrine and tend to characterize key elements of successful medical operations in low intensity conflict.

Topic: Health and Conflict Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Intrapatient Tacrolimus Level Variability Is a Powerful Predictor of Renal Allograft Rejection in Patients Receiving a Tacrolimus Monotherapy Immunosuppressive Regime.

Introduction Whilst non adherence to immunosuppressive medication post renal transplant is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for rejection and graft loss, there are few studies describing this in patients receiving tacrolimus monotherapy regimes who might be particularly vulnerable to non-adherence. In this study we assess the value of high intra-patient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus levels in this group of patients. Methods We retrospectively analysed 754 patients who received a renal transplant between 2005 and 2013. All patients received alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy with a steroid sparing protocol with a target pre-trough tacrolimus level of 5-8ng/ml. Coefficient of variance (COV) was defined as standard deviation/mean of all outpatient tacrolimus trough levels taken between 6 and 12 months post-transplant. High variability (HV) was defined as a COV >median of the overall cohort and low variability (LV) was defined as a COV ≤ median of the overall cohort. Results The median COV of tacrolimus levels was 19.15% (range 2.01% - 86.3%). Graft survival was 95.2% and 86.3% in LV and HV group respectively, p=0.0001 Overall rejection free survival was 89.7% and 76.8% in the LV and HV group respectively, p=0.0001. Acute cellular rejection free survival was 92.0 and 82.5% in the LV and HV group, p=0.003. Anitbody mediated rejection free survival was 97.7% and 94.1% in the LV and HV group respectively, p=0.005. Transplant glomerulopathy free survival was 95.5% and 91.8% in the LV and HV group, p=0.069.Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion This study shows that a high IPV of tacrolimus levels is associated with a significantly increased risk of rejection and graft loss in a group of patients receiving a minimalist, tacrolimus monotherapy regime. Whilst it cannot be assumed that a high IPV of tacrolimus levels is entirely due to non-adherence, this analysis supports the need for a prospective study to assess strategies which minimise noncompliance and reduce the risk of development of rejection and graft loss. DISCLOSURE:Galliford, J.: Speaker’s Bureau, Astellas. Taube, D.: Other, Sandoz, Consultancy fees.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to the study of long‐term soil degradation: A case study from Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany

Abstract Soil degradation is a serious problem and an important environmental issue in many ecosystems. Without integrative, interdisciplinary and historical approaches, understanding the effects of long‐term soil degradation is difficult. According to this idea it is hypothesized that in order to study long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation, it is necessary to use interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with respect to temporal and spatial landscape changes. The results of the investigation of colluvial sediments and soils in research area in Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany) with a high resolution in space and time—using the four‐dimensional landscape analysis—indicated the temporal and spatial variation of soils and sediments from the Mesolithic until Modern times. Intensive soil degradation occurred as a result of the land clearance and agricultural land use in the investigation areas since the Neolithic time. The general results of this investigation show that the use of an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach with pedological and geomorphological perspectives for different times and places can help to reconstruct the long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementing focal-plane phase masks optimized for real telescope apertures with SLM-based digital adaptive coronagraphy

Direct imaging of exoplanets or circumstellar disk material requires extreme contrast at the 10<sup>-6</sup> to 10<sup>-12</sup> levels at < 100 mas angular separation from the star. Focal-plane mask (FPM) coronagraphic imaging has played a key role in this field, taking advantage of progress in Adaptive Optics on ground-based 8 + m class telescopes. However, large telescope entrance pupils usually consist of complex, sometimes segmented, non-ideal apertures, which include a central obstruction for the secondary mirror and its support structure. In practice, this negatively impacts wavefront quality and coronagraphic performance, in terms of achievable contrast and inner working angle. Recent theoretical works on structured darkness have shown that solutions for FPM phase profiles, optimized for non-ideal apertures, can be numerically derived. Here we present and discuss a first experimental validation of this concept, using reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulators as adaptive FPM coronagraphs.

Topic: Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences