jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of benzo[a]pyrene and high-temperature on survival of cerebellar granule neurons in rats and possible roles of heat stress protein in it

Objective To study the combined effect of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)and high-temperature on survival of cultured cerebellar granule neurons and levels of expression of heat stress protein 70(HSP70)and 90 β(HSP90 β)in rats.Method Primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons was prepared from 8-day-old SD rats,which were divided into seven groups:blank control,vehicle control(with DSMO),low dose BaP(5 μmol/L+S9-mix),high dose BaP(50 μmol/L+S9-mix),high-temperature(40 ℃,45 min),high-temperature+low dose BaP,and high-temperature+high dose BaP.The neurons were collected by trypsin digestion after 90 min of administration,and survival was detected by Trypan-blue stain.Levels of expression of the HSP70 and HSP90 β were detected by Western blot and their relative values were estimated.Result Survival rate of neurons significantly lowered in the groups with high dose BaP,high-temperature,high-temperature+low dose BaP and high-temperature+high dose BaP compared with blank control and vehicle control(P0.05 or P0.000 01),and relative expression of the HSP90 β increased in the corresponding groups.HSP90 β correlated to survival rate(r=-0.796 2,P0.05),but no correlation between relative expression level of the HSP70 and survival rate(r=0.217 4,P0.05)could be found.Conclusion Administration of high-dose BaP or combined administrations of BaP and high-temperature could damage rat neurons in vivo.Relative expression of the HSP90 β could be used as a marker of neuron damage in vivo.

Topic: Biochemical effects in animals
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Staphylococcus borealis sp. nov., isolated from human skin and blood

When analysing a large cohort of Staphylococcus haemolyticus , using whole-genome sequencing, five human isolates (four from the skin and one from a blood culture) with aberrant phenotypic and genotypic traits were identified. They were phenotypically similar with yellow colonies, nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and initially speciated as S. haemolyticus based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI-TOF MS. However, compared to S. haemolyticus , these five strains demonstrate: (i) considerable phylogenetic distance with an average nucleotide identity &lt;95 % and inferred DNA–DNA hybridization &lt;70 %; (ii) a pigmented phenotype; (iii) urease production; and (iv) different fatty acid composition. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic results, we conclude that these strains represent a novel species, for which the name Staphylococcus borealis sp. nov. is proposed. The novel species belong to the genus Staphylococcus and is coagulase- and oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The type strain, 51-48 T , is deposited in the Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG 73747 T ) and in the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT 30011 T ).

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rekanalizacija striktura uretre privremenim prekrivenim biokompatibilnim metalnim endoprotezama nove generacije

The male urethral stricture treatment is actual clinical issue with its resolution being increasingly frequently based on application of minimum invasive therapeutic interventional uroradiology methods. Since the methodology is applied over the last two decades, the most reasonable therapeutic algorithm has not been defined yet with respect to the correlation with the contemporary surgical treatment. The results of application of the temporary covered self-expandable nitinol Allium stents, which have been applied for the first time ever at our Institution in October 2003. Over the last 3 years, the method was applied in 40 males, averagely aged 54 years with urethral strictures previously treated by urological methods. In four cases, stent placement was performed after endourethral incision. The most common etiology of the stricture was the posttraumatic (55 %), post-inflammatory (32%) and iatrogenic (10%). In all the cases, stents were removed 12-14 months after their insertions. The results are evaluated using uroflowmetry and urethrocystography, revealing in 85% of the cases permanent recanalization free of dysuric complaints. Development of a stricture on the anterior stent end was evidenced in 15% of the cases.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Article 108 [Change in circumstances]

Der Kommentar behandelt eingehend das maßgebliche Verfahrensrecht der drei Gerichte des Gerichtshofs der Europäischen Union: die Satzung des Gerichtshofs, die Verfahrensordnung des Gerichtshofs sowie die Verfahrensordnung des Gerichts einschließlich der hiervon abweichenden Regelungen betreffend das Gericht für den öffentlichen Dienst.

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of Higher Alcohol Availability on Ester Formation by Yeast

AbstractEsters, which are produced during fermentation, are an important contributor to the flavor of beer. Under normal fermentation conditions, beer ester levels are largely determined by the amounts of corresponding alcohol produced by the yeast. The well-established effects of yeast strain, temperature, and aeration on ester levels depend on this relationship. The intracellular levels of acetyl coenzyme A do not seem to be important. However, the absolute level of the ester-synthesizing enzyme (alcohol acetyl transferase) can vary, influencing the amount of ester produced. This is particularly evident during the fermentation of high-gravity and low-fermentability worts. These observations support the view that alcohol acetyl transferase is not only responsible for synthesis of acetate esters but may have other cellular functions.KeywordsAlcohol acetyl transferaseEsterIsoamyl acetate3-Methyl butanolSynthesisYeastView correction statement:Errata

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The implementation of Sweden’s prostitution law at the local level

Summary The study shows that apprehensions conducted on the suspicion of a purchase of sex target men purchasing sex from women, regardless of geographical location or arena of the local prostitution market. This support and legitimise a present norm within Swedish prostitution policy, regarding who is buying and who is selling sex. Findings The results show that the three largest cities in Sweden have been targeted by the police, with a focus on a specific arena of the prostitution market in each city. Because of this, there are local differences in how the law is implemented, creating local consequences for individuals involved in prostitution. However, the results also show that gender and sexual orientation (i.e. heterosexuality) appear to be the two main factors for identifying individuals who are later apprehended on the suspicion of purchasing sex. Application As certain norms and practices are established and reproduced through the implementation of Swedish prostitution law, professionals within social work, particularly within initiatives targeting individuals buying sex, must consider how this potentially influences their work. In terms of whom they meet, what kind of help and support they offer and what may fall outside the present norm.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anal transposition (trans-sphincteric ano-rectoplasty) for recto-vestibular fistula

Background: Imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula is the most common form of imperforate anus in females and is an intermediate type of this disease, which is treated surgically. The current study aimed to compare three techniques used for the treatment of imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four cases of imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula were managed using three main approaches: posterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty, anterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty, and the anal transposition or trans-sphincteric ano-rectoplasty (TSARP). The functional results and cosmetic appearance for each case after treatment were evaluated in patients above 3 years of age (43 cases). Results: The functional outcomes were good in all treatment groups; however, the better cosmetic results were evident in the group treated using TSARP, a technique, which preserves the skin bridge between the new anus and the posterior fourchette, does not disturb the perineal body, and avoids division of the levator muscles. In this group, a continence rate of 100% but a higher constipation rate (41%) than in the other groups was recorded. Conclusion: TSARP is recommended for imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effectiveness of positive psychotherapy intervention on psychological wellbeing and positive- negative affects of mothers with Autistic children

The present study has been carried out to study effectiveness of positive psychotherapy intervention program on psychological wellbeing and positive- negative affects of mothers with Autistic children. This research was experimental research with pre post and follow up tests.  Through an experimental design, 24 mothers with autistic children in Tehran autism rehabilitation centers(April2 Autism center) were selected as statistical sample and randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n=12) and control(n=12) groups. The research assessment was Riff (1989), psychological wellbeing scale and Watson etc. (1988) positive and negative affects scale (PANAS). Rashid and Seligman Positive psychotherapy intervention program (2013), were implemented in ٩ sessions (two sessions each week) for experimental group. The data were analyzed by using MANCOVA and repeated measures tests. Finding confirms that positive psychotherapy intervention program lead to increased psychological wellbeing and positive affect and also cut down negative affect of mothers with autistic students (P</05). Based on this results it seems that applying of positive psychotherapy intervention program has so effect on autistic children mothers mental and psychological states.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Fibronectin fragments induce MMP activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells: evidence for a role in mammary tissue remodeling

ABSTRACT Mammary gland form and function are regulated by interactions between epithelium and extracellular matrix. Major glycoprotein components of extracellular matrix have been identified that give survival, proliferation and differentiation signals to mammary epithelial cells. We provide evidence that proteolytic fragments of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, fibronectin, suppress growth and can promote apoptosis of mouse mammary epithelial cells. During mammary gland involution, total fibronectin and fibronectin fragment levels are increased. The peak levels of fibronectin protein and fragments are observed 4-6 days post-weaning, coincident with the peak in epithelial cell death. Using a model for hormone withdrawal-induced death of mammary epithelium, elevated levels of fibronectin proteolytic fragments were associated with apoptosis in TM-6 cells, a tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cell line. Treatment of TM-6 cells with exogenous fibronectin fragments (FN120) reduced cell number, and induced apoptosis and matrix degrading protease activity. Inhibition of matrix protease activity rescued TM-6 cell viability, indicating that FN120-induced cell loss is mediated through matrix protease activity. In a three-dimensional model for mammary gland development, FN120 reduced alveolar-like and promoted ductal-like development by a matrix protease-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that during post-lactational involution, fibronectin fragments may contribute to epithelial cell loss and dissolution of mammary alveoli by inducing matrix degrading proteinases.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hepatitis E virus finds its path through the gut

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis and jaundice worldwide.1 HEV genotypes (gt) 1 and 2 are transmitted through the faecal-oral route and cause primarily waterborne epidemics, whereas the zoonotic gt 3 and 4 are transmitted via the consumption of undercooked or raw pork or game meat. Infection of immunocompromised patients with HEV gt 3 may result in chronic hepatitis E and the development of cirrhosis. Beyond liver disease, HEV can cause a number of extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological complications such as neuralgic amyotrophy and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Very similar to hepatitis A virus (HAV), HEV harbours a positive-strand RNA genome, and both are found as so-called quasi-enveloped virions in blood and as naked virions in bile and faeces.2 

Although HEV is known to be enterically transmitted, there was limited evidence for infection of the gastrointestinal tract. In a study published in this journal, Marion et al addressed this question by the development of different cell culture systems, including primary human small intestinal epithelial cells, polarised primary enterocytes and intestinal tissue specimens obtained from small bowel resections.3 Using primary HEV gt 1 and 3 isolates from stool samples of patients with hepatitis E as well as virus derived from the gt 3 Kernow-C1 p6 clone, the …

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Selective complexation and efficient separation of <i>cis</i>/<i>trans</i>-1,2-dichloroethene isomers by a pillar[5]arene

The complexation and separation of industrially important <italic>cis</italic>- and <italic>trans</italic>-1,2-dichloroethene (<italic>cis</italic>- and <italic>trans</italic>-DCE) isomers using perethylated pillar[5]arene (EtP5) are described.

Topic: Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epigenetically distinct sister chromatids and asymmetric generation of tumor initiating cells

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be an important source of cancer cells in tumors of different origins. Mounting evidence suggests they are generated reversibly from existing cancer cells, and supply new cancer cells during tumor progression and following therapy. Elegant lineage mapping stud(ies are identifying progenitors, and in some cases differentiated cells, as targets of transformation in a variety of tumors. Recent evidence suggests resulting tumor initiating cells (TIC) might be distinct from CSC. Molecular pathways leading from cells of tumor origin to precancerous lesions and cancer cells are only beginning to be unraveled. We review a pathway where asymmetric division of precancerous cells generates TIC in a K-Ras-initiated model of lung cancer. And, we compare unexpected steps in this asymmetric division to those evident in well-studied stem cell models.

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cassava brown streak disease effects on leaf metabolites and pigment accumulation

Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) is a threat to productivity and product quality in East Africa. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of CBSD on the primary photosynthetic apparatus of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Three cassava varieties with varying levels of reaction to infection by CBSD were chosen and subjected to field disease pressure. Disease progression and the resulting effects on leaf morphology, metabolite and pigment accumulation were assessed over a period of five months, beginning from 3 months after planting. Slight increments in leaf dry matter were observed up to 4 MAP, and there after a drop was registered. A significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in photosynthetic pigments occured with a fall in the Chla:Chlb and Chla:Carotenoid ratio, indicative of specific reductions in chlorophyll a (-80%) compared to Chlorophyll b (-41 to -62%) and Carotenoid (-11 to -18%). Total reducing sugar and starch content also dropped significantly (-30 and -60%, respectively), much as NASE 14 maintained a relatively higher amount of carbohydrates. Leaf protein levels were significantly reduced at a rate of 0.07 ug g-1 leaf per month in diseased treatments. Significant reductions in primary metabolites show altered leaf photosynthetic and growth metabolism, resulting into a compromised plant system that cannot perform optimally.Keywords: Carotenoid, leaf metabolites, photosynthesis, protein

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Interannual variability in life-stage specific survival and life history diversity of coho salmon in a coastal Oregon basin

We quantified the population dynamics and life history diversity of seven brood years of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using a life-cycle approach. Four life history patterns, composed of fry, fry–nomad, parr, and yearling migrants indicated the importance of connectivity and access to a full range of freshwater and estuarine rearing environments through the year. Survival of each life history type varied annually with the yearling migrants contributing an average of 70% to the spawners in all but one return year. Fifty-eight percent of the spawners of the 2013 return year had an estuarine rearing strategy, primarily parr migrants that overwintered in the estuary. Fry migrants, thought to be surplus production, were consistently observed in the estuary and represented in the returning spawners. The annual contribution of alternative rearing strategies to the spawners may support the resilience and viability of the population. We recommend that life cycle models of coho salmon account for the contribution of estuary migrants to the productivity and persistence of coho salmon in support of management and restoration of populations.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utilization of Emergency Action Plans by Collegiate Academic Recreation Programs

Emergency Action Plans (EAP) provide detailed instructions for handling emergency situations including natural disasters, major injuries and illnesses within recreational academic programs. The purpose of this project was to determine if accredited university recreation programs utilize an EAP for recreation courses and secondarily what components of an EAP are included and the process for development and implementation. Twenty-four surveys were returned (25% return rate) from a national sample of 95 accredited recreation education programs. Seventy-five percent of (n=18) programs indicated that they did not require any type of emergency management training for their recreation faculty. None of the programs had all recommended elements of an EAP and 62.5% (n=15) reportedly do not have an EAP in place for the recreation education department/program. Recreation organizations should encourage academic institutions to value emergency management certifications for their faculty and advocate the emphasis and implementation of EAPs in academic recreation programs.

Topic: Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
AGM-114 hellfire missile system and FLIR/LASER test and integration on the H-60 aircraft

The AGM-114 (Air-to-Ground Missile) Hellfire Missile System (HMS) and a nose mounted forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor with LASER designator system were selected as integration candidates on U.S. Navy H-60 derivatives. Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) Patuxent River conducted ground and flight tests to structurally qualify the HMS and FLIR systems and evaluate their integration into the H-60 airframe. Testing demonstrated successful structural integration of the HMS and FLIR/LASER systems. Testing proceeded with integration of the functional FLIR/LASER and the HMS. Integration and testing utilized specialized U.S. Army Hellfire instrumentation as well as the LASER designator weapons system simulator (LDWSS) modeling tool. LDWSS was used to simulate launch conditions and engagement scenarios, predict missile launch transients and trajectories, and identify launch constraint and LASER self-designation issues. The simulation tools and test methods employed minimized test flights and required assets, resulting in an efficient certification of this weapon system.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Urban Pneumatic Transport Development Trends for Domestic Solid Waste Disposal

This article provides the results of the urban pneumatic transport development prospects for domestic solid waste (DSW) collection and transportation studies. Peculiarities have been considered, and the proposals have been given concerning the improvement of the pneumatic transport efficiency for the DSW disposal by using the suction-discharge unit. Method has been provided for calculation of the main structural and technological parameters of the suction-discharge unit for waste removal.

Topic: Transportation Systems and Logistics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Basic Construction Concept for Space Structure Systems Using Active Connecting Elements

A basic construction concept for space structure systems using homogeneous modules with active connecting elements is introduced. From various considerations on erectable construction and deployment one, possible construction senarios for especially large structure systems are investigated. Some hardware designs of active connecting elements to realize the concept are carried out. Simuration result is also shown, in which many modules can move by themselves based on local information under the cellular automata rules to form an object configuration.

Topic: Structural Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences