jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Grading of Soft Sugars - Photoelectric Reflectance Measurements

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrading of Soft Sugars - Photoelectric Reflectance MeasurementsT. R. Gillett and A. L. HolvenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 2, 210–214Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50398a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50398a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Natural Products and Biological Research
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Increased Number of IgG Fc Receptors on Monocyte‐Enriched Peripheral Blood Leucocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The number of free Fc receptors (FcR) per cell and the association constant (K ass ) for the binding of monomeric IgG were determined for monocyte‐enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from 16 patients with active classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 15 normal healthy donors. The assay system was based on binding under equili brium conditions of 125 I‐labelled monomeric rabbit IgG to monocytes purified from peripheral blood on a continuous gradient of Petcoll. Monocytes from 14 untreated RA patients (6 seropositive, 8 seronegative) expressed on the average 4.8±1.3 × 10 4 FcR/cell. This number was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) than that found in the control group (3.46±0.7 × 10 4 FcR/cell). There was also a significant difference between the mean K ass of the RA group and the control group‐2.1±0.7 × 10 3 1/mol and 2.6±1.0 × 10 3 1/mol, respectively (0.05 &gt;P&gt; 0.01). Two seropositive RA patients receiving systemic treatment with penicillamine expressed the same number of FcR/cell as the mean of the control group (3.6 ± 10 4 ). Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and of the complement‐factor C3 split product C3d were also measured. No correlation was found between the number of FcR/cell and the concentration of C3d, but there was a weak correlation between the number of FcR/ccll and the level of CIC.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cross Buying extended in Multi Partner Bonusprogrammen

Ausgangspunkt der realwissenschaftlichen Forschung ist ein Problem – ein zu erforschendes Phänomen in der Wirklichkeit. Um dieses Phänomen erfassen, erklären und prognostizieren zu können, können eine oder mehrere Theorien herangezogen werden. Als ‚Theorie‘ kann ein Lehrgebäude oder Denkgerüst bezeichnet werden, welches ein geordnetes Gefüge darstellt, das durch Forschung gewonnene Erkenntnisse beinhaltet. Es wird hierbei die Erklärung eines Sachverhaltes angestrebt. „Einen bestimmten Sachverhalt zu erklären heißt, ihn aus theoretischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten und gewissen Rahmenbedingungen auf logischdeduktivem Wege abzuleiten.“ In diesem deduktiven Prozess werden nach der Formulierung des Problems und der Betrachtung eines entsprechenden Denkgerüstes Hypothesen aufgestellt, die dann mit der Realität konfrontiert werden. Realtheoretisches Wissen entsteht erst, wenn die theoretischen Aussagen der empirischen Überprüfung der Realität standhalten. Dieses Vorgehen ist aber nur möglich, wenn aus den gewählten Theorieansätzen die Hypothesen auch begründet werden können und somit die Grundlage zur Ableitung von Hypothesen zu dem zu untersuchenden Konstrukt erstellt wird.

Topic: Digital Platforms and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Writing and Revising Questionnaire Design Guidelines

This paper will focus on establishment survey questionnaire design guidelines. More specifically, it will discuss the process involved in transitioning a set of guidelines written for a broad, survey methodological audience to a more narrow, agency-specific audience of survey managers and analysts. The process involved the work of a team comprised of individuals from across the Census Bureau’s Economic Directorate, working in a cooperative and collaborative manner. The team decided what needed to be added, modified, and deleted from the broad starting point, and determined how much of the theory and experimental evidence found in the literature was necessary to include in the guidelines. In addition to discussing the process, the paper will also describe the end result: a set of questionnaire design guidelines for the Economic

Topic: Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting online purchase intentions for clothing products

Shopping online for clothing products is gaining in popularity. This study identified the dimensions of online shopping attributes and predictors of the intention to purchase clothes, jewelry, or accessories based on online shopping attributes and demographic variables. A mailing survey was conducted with 303 adults who had a computer at home and had access to the Internet in the USA. The perceived attributes of online shopping consisted of four factors: transaction/cost; incentive programs; site design; and interactivity. The transaction/cost factor and the incentive programs factor, along with demographic variables (gender, income and number of children), were important predictors in determining the intention to purchase clothing, jewelry, or accessories via the Internet. Incentive program also mediated the relationship between education level and online purchase intention. This study provides managerial implications for the future online marketing of clothing products.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Orbits and tsectors in irregular exceptional directions of full-null degenerate singular point

Near full-null degenerate singular points of analytic vector fields, asymptotic behaviors of orbits are not given by eigenvectors but totally decided by nonlinearities. Especially, in the case of high full-null degeneracy, i.e., the lowest degree of nonlinearities is high, such a singular point may have irregular exceptional directions and the blow-up technique can be hardly applied, which leaves a problem how to determine numbers of orbits and (elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic) tangential sectors in this case. In this paper we work on this problem. Using Newton polygons to decompose nonlinearities into principal parts and remainder parts, we convert the problem to the numbers of nonzero real roots of edge-polynomials of principal parts. Computing Newton polygons for multiplication and differentiation of analytic functions and giving Newton polygons for addition, which was not found in literatures, we determine semi-definiteness of the Lie-bracket of principal parts and therefore obtain criteria for those numbers.

Topic: Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
World Society, World-Polity Theory, and International Relations

World-polity theory is a widely used sociological perspective for the analysis of world culture, organization, and change. Also known as world-society theory, global neo-institutionalism, and the “Stanford school” of global analysis, world-polity theory is largely compatible with the globalization perspective associated with Roland Robertson and the cultural analysis approach of anthropologists Ulf Hannerz and Arjun Appadurai. Proponents of world-polity theory argue that rationality, purposes, and interests are profoundly cultural constructs bound up in an over-arching canopy (or underlying foundation) that endows actors with properties, identity, meaning, interests, and guides to action. The theory also recognizes the key role played by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) in the formation, codification, and propagation of world culture. The intellectual foundations of world-polity theory can be traced to the work of its founder, John W. Meyer, as well as Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Erving Goffman. Two institutional domains of world society that have generated the most attention in world-polity theory are the responsible and responsive state, and the sacred and empowered individual. A variety of criticisms have emerged regarding world-polity theory, such as the alleged failure of world-polity research to address issues of inequality and stratification more directly. Among other issues, future research should focus on elucidating the ontological structure and normative order of global culture, as well as the historical origins, growth, and development of world culture, transnational organization, and global actor models over the longue durée (the past millennium or so).

Topic: World Systems and Global Transformations
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimization of fermentation conditions, physicochemical profile and sensory quality analysis of seedless wampee wine

Abstract The aims of the present stud were to optimize fermentation parameters of seedless wampee wine using response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluate the changes in flavor metabolites during fermentation. Seedless wampee wine of optimal sensory quality was produced using an inoculum concentration of 0.6%, initial sugar levels of 200 g/L, a fermentation temperature of 22 °C, and a fermentation period of 9 days. Then the flavor compound profiles (amino acids, organic acids and volatile aroma compounds) of seedless wampee wine during the fermentation under optimal conditions were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometr (GC-MS). The main fermented phase of fermentation resulted in fluctuations in both total amino acids and organic acids, with stabilization occurring later on. A total of 54 volatile components, including esters, alcohols, terpenes, and acids, were putatively identified. Terpenes were the primary drivers of the flavor characteristics of seedless wampee. The rise of esters and decline of terpenes have the potential to significantly alter the flavor of wine during fermentation. These results would contribute to the further development of seedless wampee wine. Graphical Abstract

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An algorithm to generate near<i>D</i>-optimal designs for multiple response surface models

Abstract An algorithm is proposed to generate near D-optimal designs for multiple response surface models, i.e., a first-order or second-order polynomial model for each response with cuboidal design regions. For a class of designs generated by the proposed algorithm, simulation results indicate that the designs generated are near D-optimal and do not depend on Σ. An example is given to demonstrate how multiresponse D-optimal designs can be used to provide benchmarks to other experimental designs for multiple response problems.

Topic: Optimal Experimental Design Methods
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the Effect of Topical Artemisia dracunculus Administration on Serum Levels of Selected Interleukins and Spleen Index in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Male Mice Compared to Clobetasol Propionate (Dermovate (R)) Ointment

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease that is characterized by swollen skin patches. Normally, these skin patches are dark, swollen, itchy and scaly. The single application of the innate TLR7/8 ligand Imiquimod (IMQ) in mice easily induces a dermatitis that closely resembles human psoriasis, critically dependent on the axis of IL-23/IL-17. Artemisia dracunculus prepared as an ointment and has been used topically to mice before imiquimod application. The results of the current study showed that A. dracunculus ointment can significantly reduce psoriasis area and severity index in (A. dracunculus ointment + imiquimod group as compared with both control group and (vehicle ointment + imiquimod) group.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Just like Hendrix

Both numerically and symbolically, rock music has a white audience, edging out non-whites from participating. Music genres often reflect ethno-racial groups, but why this is so and how this works has remained largely unstudied. Professional and consumer reviewing practices are a prime location for the formation of rock music’s symbolic boundaries. Hence, based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 385 rock album reviews, this article investigates (i) to what extent ethno-racial boundaries are (re)produced or contested in the critical reception of rock music in the United States between 2003 and 2013, and (ii) to what extent (semi-)professional reviewers and consumer-reviewers differ from each other regarding ethno-racial classifications in their reception of rock music. I find that albums by non-white artists receive lower evaluations than those by white artists, particularly when reviewed by lay critics. Although both types of reviewers often ignore talking about race – echoing a color-blind ideology – (semi-)professional critics are more explicit and color-conscious regarding non-white participation in rock music. Furthermore, five different mechanisms are used by reviewers as a part of ethno-racial boundary work: (i) ethno-racial comparisons, (ii) inter-genre comparisons, (iii) positive ethno-racial marking, (iv) negative ethno-racial marking and (v) minimization.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>LA MAISON MORALISÉE</i>IN W. H. AUDEN'S ‘THANKSGIVING FOR A HABITAT’

In an encomiac poetic sequence about his house in Austria entitled ‘Thanksgiving for a Habitat’, the Anglo-American poet W. H. Auden described it as a space that simultaneously fosters intimacy and secures a sacrosanct privacy. Auden shifts in ‘Thanksgiving for a Habitat’ from writing various forms of paysage moralisé – psychological, symbolic, or allegorical landscapes – to composing a maison moralisée. What the house symbolizes and allows is the civilizing act of creating a common world. This is the domestic ethos that the sequence presents as an over-determined alternative to several ‘problems’: the loneliness of the middle-aged Auden; the sentimentalized Freudian family romance; and the apocalyptic fears of the twentieth century.

Topic: French Literature and Poetry
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mast cells useful for &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; mast cell activation assay exhibiting phenotypes and morphological characteristics of human mast cells

Mast cells are key players in the inflammatory response with an important role in allergic reactions and are therefore useful for assessing the risk of anaphylaxis. However, they are difficult to isolate due to their low abundance and wide distribution. To overcome this, we generated and characterized mast cell-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. These hiPS cell-derived mast cells (hiPS-MCs) were generated using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-9 (IL-9) in a StemPro-34 medium. The hiPS-MCs exhibited the morphological characteristics of human mast cells, expressing high affinity-IgE receptor (FcεRI) and mast cell markers such as tryptase, chymase, and CD117. In addition, FcεRI stimulation with agonistic anti-IgE functionally increased the expression of activation markers CD63 and CD203c, as well as the amount of released histamine. We think the hiPS-MCs generated in this study will be useful for assessing the pharmacology and toxicity of anti-allergy medicines.

Topic: Mast cells and histamine
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
An 8-month Small-group Circuit Functional Training Program Improves Body Composition And Performance Of Overweight/obese Women.

The body weight training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), functional fitness, group personal training, and circuit training are currently some of the top worldwide trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, and community landscapes within the health and fitness industry. Additionally, adult obesity and physical inactivity are considered as the top global public health problems nowadays. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a circuit functional training program on body composition and performance in sedentary overweight or obese women. METHODS: Twenty-eight premenopausal overweight or obese women (n=28; 36.8 ± 4.6 years; 166.0 ± 0.1 cm; 79.7 ± 9.1 kg; 28.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either a control (C, n=14) or an experimental group (E, n=14). Exercise consisted of a low volume circuit functional training program (~30 min) and 3 sessions per week in nonconsecutive days for 32 weeks. Both groups were tested pre- and post-intervention in body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body composition (DXA), resting metabolic rate (RMR), upper and lower body muscular strength (1RM) and endurance (curl up and push up), cardiovascular endurance (VO2peak), flexibility (sit and reach test), static balance (Sharpened Romberg test), and subjective vitality. Comparisons were made using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed between pre- and post-testing measures in E. Body fat, BMI, and WHR declined (p<0.001) by 11.4%, 6%, and 4.6% while fat-free mass (p<0.05), upper and lower body muscular strength, trunk and upper body muscular endurance, VO2peak, flexibility, static balance, and subjective vitality increased (p<0.001) by 1.9%, 30.9% and 27.2%, 91.6% and 238.5%, 26.8%, 34.5%, ~254%, and 131.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a time-effective exercise modality that combines the circuit training, HIIT, and functional fitness using body weight exercises may improve all components of physical fitness in premenopausal, inactive overweight or obese women. These findings may be attributed to the hybrid nature of this exercise regimen for small groups applying full-body movements and high-intensity routines according to HIIT principles adapted to sedentary individuals.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studi Kasus Konsumsi Suplemen pada Member Fitness Center di

The purpose of this study to find out how the members of supplements on the fitness center in the city of Yogyakarta. Type a descriptive qualitative research study, the technique of the test through a questionnaire survey. Total sample of 30 people with accidental sampling technique. The results showed that: 1) the characteristics of the majority of member fitness aged 20-29 years (73.7%), is still active as a student (56.7%), and by 6.7% as a housewife. 2) respondents have a grasp on the definition of supplements (86.6%), which is derived from advertising, print media, electronic media (63.3%) in the form of amino, high milk protein and creatine (66.6%). 3) the majority of respondents use tablets (70%), obtained from the purchase (96.7%), consumed 1-3 times / day (always) of (83.3%) to increase the muscle mass of (59.9%). 4) the majority of respondents (73.3%) increased his stamina and health after taking the supplement. Conclusions: 1) should be someone over the age of 30 years and mother housewife improve motion activity, 2) the principles of exercise should be increased in line with the benefits of supplements for stamina and health.

Topic: Methodologies in Health Research and Practice
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The ICJ’s jurisdiction over disputes relating to state responsibility for international terrorism

Chapter 4 explores the potential bases of the ICJ’s jurisdiction in cases of State responsibility for international terrorism, beginning with optional clause declarations under Article 36(2) of the ICJ Statute. It then critically examines the Bosnia Genocide Case decision as a precedent for arguing that the international terrorism suppression conventions implicitly prohibit State terrorism through their obligation of prevention, and thereby provide a basis for the ICJ’s jurisdiction in cases of responsibility for State terrorism. Chapter 4 further analyses the international terrorism suppression conventions’ exclusion clauses and the interaction of the conventional regime and international humanitarian law, in order to define the potential scope of the ICJ’s jurisdiction. Finally, Chapter 4 assesses the enforcement options available following a determination of State responsibility for international terrorism by the ICJ, in particular measures adopted by the Security Council pursuant to Article 94(2) or Chapter VII of the UN Charter.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical analysis and characterization of a Wankel pump as a miniaturized mixer

In the present study, particle track simulations of inert particles belonging to two species (binary mixing), carried out using a commercially available CFD code indicate that pumps based on Wankel type geometries (Wankel pumps) are capable of functioning as mixers, as well as pumps; and hence such devices could also drive a semi-batch micro-reactor system. The numerical results reveal that mixing quality improves as the particles loop through the pump cavity and then saturates after a time, and that mixing rate increases with rotor speed. Examination of the structure of the flow-field suggests that the underlying mechanism of mixing is a combination of the stretching (resulting in particle dispersion) and folding of streamlines into Taylor-like vortex pairs, accounting for the vertical symmetry in the particle distributions. Differences in the flow structure, detected by plots of fluid velocity components, could account for differences in particle distributions generated for various rotor speeds.

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences