jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Culture and inter-cultural understanding : A critical discourse analysis of textbooks and workbooks for English teaching in year 9 in Sweden

The aim of this study is to illustrate what culture specific content is used in textbooks for English teaching and how this content is used to further inter-cultural understanding in students. The method is a critical discourse analysis of the biggest selling textbooks and workbooks for English teaching in year 9 from Sweden’s largest educational publishers. The approach is to map out content that is culture specific into four categories of ‘culture’, and assess how the content is used to further inter-cultural understanding, using four aspects of inter-cultural education. The results are that the countries generally seen as representing culture in English speaking countries are England, the USA, India and Canada. The culture specific content is generally literature, i.e. poems, novels and short stories, traditions, life and customs, history on important cultural figures, social systems, social classes and some ideology, and cultural linguistics such as idioms and similes. The conclusion is that all textbooks help furthering inter-cultural understanding to different degrees, but in order to actually develop inter-cultural understanding the teacher is needed to make more connections to the differences between cultures.

Topic: Global Education and Multiculturalism
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Groundwater NO3 concentration and its potential health effects in Beni Moussa perimeter (Tadla plain, Morocco)

Abstract In this research, the concentrations of nitrates were investigated in well water sampled from the irrigated perimeter of Beni Moussa (Tadla plain, Morocco), and human health risks via ingestion and dermal pathways for individuals in different age brackets were assessed using the chronic daily intake, the dermal absorbed dose and hazard index (HI). The results showed that the groundwater NO 3 contents were between 4.20 to 80.46 mg L − 1 , with an average of 32.11 mg L − 1 , indicating anthropogenic inputs caused by the infiltration of nitrates not consumed by plants or surface industrial and domestic wastewater into the shallow aquifer. Compared to the Moroccan standard, 17.78%, 40.00%, 37.78% and 4.44% of sampled wells showed poor, fair, good or excellent quality, respectively. For non-carcinogenic risk, the oral ingestion of nitrate appeared to be the main exposure pathway for local human receptors causing the high non-carcinogenic risk, and the dermal exposure met within the accepted precautionary criterion. Infants in the study area are more likely to experience adverse effects to higher nitrate level in groundwater (3.04E-01 < HI < 1.80E+ 00), followed by female (2.39E-01 < HI < 1.41E+ 00), then male (2.22E-01 < HI < 1.31E+ 00) and finally children (2.08E-01 < HI < 1.23E+ 00). The resulting spatial variation in HI values was greatly influenced by human activities and population density. The results of this study could help to shape effective environmental management measures for enhancing the groundwater quality and ensuring safe drinking water.

Topic: Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selective separation and recovery of silver and copper from mixtures by photocatalysis

Separation and recovery of valuable metals including silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) from electronic waste mixtures are of great economic and environmental importance. Recent years, semiconductor photocatalysts have been investigated intensively for the removal of Ag from wastewater. Few studies have been carried out on the effect of pH and co-exist metal ions such as Cu on Ag. In this study, ZnO and TiO 2 were applied as photocatalysts to target on the selective recovery Ag and Cu from its mixtures under UV light. The effects of pH, catalyst, ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the Ag and Cu photo-reduction were studied. Modeling of Ag[Formula: see text] and Cu[Formula: see text] with and without EDTA distribution together with metal precipitations was plotted against pH to understand the chemistry involved in photocatalysis. Experimental results showed that Ag[Formula: see text] photo-reduction was nearly completed by ZnO and TiO 2 to Ag metal, while Cu[Formula: see text] photo-reduction to Cu 2 O only occurs by ZnO in the presence of EDTA. This work illustrates that semiconductor photocatalysts are suitable for selective recovery of Ag and Cu from wastewaters.

Topic: Extraction and Separation Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimizing STEM Learning in SDN Bringinan with Interactive PhET Technology

This program aimed to enhance STEM education at SDN Bringinan, Jambon, Ponorogo, by integrating PhET Interactive Simulations. The program focused on two main topics: energy transfer and energy transformations. Students from grades 4, 5, and 6 were divided into groups and guided by facilitators to explore these concepts using PhET. The program began with problem identification through discussions with the school's Principal and teachers, followed by careful planning and execution over two sessions in August 2024. The first session introduced students to heat transfer, while the second focused on energy transformations. Post-session evaluations showed that students successfully understood and applied these concepts, identifying energy sources, converters, and users, and explaining the process of energy transformations. The success of the program suggests the effectiveness of interactive technology like PhET in improving students' comprehension of complex scientific concepts, highlighting a valuable approach for future educational initiatives.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi spectroscopic and molecular simulation studies of propyl acridone binding to calf thymus DNA in the presence of electromagnetic force

Introduction: Here, the interaction behavior between propyl acridones (PA) and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) has been investigated to attain the features of the binding behavior of PA with ct-DNA, which includes specific binding sites, modes, and constants. Furthermore, the effects of PA on the conformation of ct-DNA seem to be quite significant for comprehending the medicine’s mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics. Methods: The project was accomplished through means of absorbance studies, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, viscosity measurement, thermal melting, and molecular modeling techniques. Results: The intercalation of PA has been suggested by fluorescence quenching and viscosity measurements results while the thermal melting and circular dichroism studies have confirmed the thermal stabilization and conformational changes that seem to be associated with the binding. The binding constants of ct-DNA-PA complex, in the absence and presence of EMF, have been evaluated to be 6.19 × 104 M-1 and 2.95 × 104 M-1 at 298 K, respectively. In the absence of EMF, the ∆H0 and ∆S0 values that occur in the interaction process of PA with ct-DNA have been measured to be -11.81 kJ.mol-1 and 51.01 J.mol-1K-1, while in the presence of EMF they were observed to be -23.34 kJ.mol-1 and 7.49 J.mol-1K-1, respectively. These numbers indicate the involvement of multiple non-covalent interactions in the binding procedure. In a parallel study, DNA-PA interactions have been monitored by molecular dynamics simulations; their results have demonstrated DNA stability with increasing concentrations of PA, as well as calculated bindings of theoretical ΔG0. Conclusion: The complex formation between PA and ct-DNA has been investigated in the presence and absence of EMF through the multi spectroscopic techniques and MD simulation. These findings have been observed to be parallel to the results of KI and NaCl quenching studies, as well as the competitive displacement with EB and AO. According to thermodynamic parameters, electrostatic interactions stand as the main energy that binds PA to ct-DNA. Regarding the cases that involve the Tm of ct-DNA, EMF has proved to increase the stability of binding between PA and ct-DNA.

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunoglobulins of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). IV. Characteristics of the primary and secondary responses of the rhesus monkey to heterologous serum protein antigens.

The immune response of the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine γ globulin (BGG) has been examined by simultaneous injection of the two antigens isotopically labeled with 125 I and 131 I, respectively. The kinetics of both antigen elimination and antibody synthesis varied widely within the group of animals studied. BSA was exponentially eliminated from the circulation with a half-life of 7.5 ± 0.7 days and BGG with a half-life of 2.7 ± 0.6 days. Circulating anti-BSA antibody was initially detectable 17.0 ± 3.2 days after injection of antigen in the primary response and 10.2 ± 3.8 days after injection of antigen in the secondary response. Anti-BGG antibody was first detected at 16.4 ± 5.3 days in the primary response and at 10.3 ± 2.1 days in the secondary response. A frequent lack of correlation was observed between anti-BSA hemagglutination titers and ammonium sulfate binding measurements even though only IgG-type antibody was demonstrable in most instances. This was interpreted to indicate an intra-class heterogeneity of IgG antibody with respect to hemagglutinating activity. Primary anti-BSA and anti-BGG antibody responses of both the IgG and mixed IgG-IgM types were detected. In the latter type of response, IgG and IgM antibody appeared simultaneously. IgM-type antibody was observed for only the first 6 to 8 days of the response, only IgG antibody being present thereafter. In the secondary response to both antigens, all monkeys produced IgG antibody alone, except for one animal in which an immunoglobulin thought to be IgA exhibited anti-BSA binding activity for a period of 9 days.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DESIGN OF CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON SIMULATION MODEL TECHNIQUE

Centre pivot irrigation system is a promising and precise system, for increasing the utilization efficiency of unit water.Hence, A CPIM simulation model has been developed and validated, however, A CPIM model is based on crop type, weather data, and soil characteristics.The model comprises five sub-models for: (a) main sub-model; (b) data entry sub-model; (c) weather sub-model; (d) irrigation sub-model; and (e) results sub-model.The most important simulation outputs of the CPIM model include nozzle flow rate (m 3 /h), application rate (mm/h), and throw diameter (m).These outputs (outputs of 9 scenarios) were compared with observed/manufactured data for the calibration and validation of the model.Results of this comparison show that differences in model accuracy owing to different variables affecting the design and management of the center pivot were not significant.The relationships between the observed/manufactured and simulated results have a good correlation with high value of coefficient of determination and the best models are as follows: 1-Nozzle flow rate (m 3 /h) was in scenario 5 with R 2 = 0.967 and explained by an exponential model: Q SIM = 0.1067e 4.1131 (Q obs ) .2-Application rate (mm/h) was in all scenarios with a very high R 2 and explained by a linear model.3-Throw diameter (m) was in scenario 1 with R 2 = 0.942 and explained by a power model: Dw SIM = 3.9064 (Dw MFD) 0.4361 .

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Chaotic behaviour and order to chaos transition of 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles

Chaotic behaviour of time-dependent spherically symmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs system near the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole solution is investigated by calculating the maximal Lyapunov exponents. As a parameter depending on the self-interaction constant of scalar fields increases there is a phase-transition-like behaviour from order to chaos in the system. Presence of Higgs scalar fields reduces chaos in the Yang-Mills system.

Topic: Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coupled analysis of hydrogen diffusion, deformation, and fracture: a review

Hydrogen (H), emerging as a sustainable and promising clean energy source, holds significant potential for transitioning towards a H-based economy, offering a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) poses a substantial obstacle to this transition, impacting critical sectors such as transportation, defense, energy production, and construction. Computational modeling, driven by the continuous development of new algorithms and high-performance computing platforms, emerges as an attractive avenue to unravel and address the complexities associated with HE. In particular, a multidisciplinary modeling approach shows potential in investigating the intricate interactions between H and materials across different temporal and spatial scales. Over the last few decades, there have already been many developments in computational modeling investigations based on a coupled study of H diffusion, deformation, and fracture processes to address multifaceted aspects of the HE problem. This comprehensive review sheds light on these advancements, providing insights into the modeling methodologies adopted in these investigations and their results. The review begins with a concise overview of commonly adopted mechanisms to explain HE. Thereafter, the discussion shifts to various advancements in H diffusion modeling, from early works to most recent developments, encompassing diverse aspects, such as H uptake and diffusion through the lattice structure and the role of microstructural traps and material microstructure. The last section of the review focuses on several theoretical and numerical studies that simulate how H affects the fracture characteristics and mechanical properties of various metals and alloys. This discussion includes applications of various state-of-the-art fracture models to predict H-assisted crack growth, as well as a range of theoretical models, continuum-based finite element simulations, and micro-meso scale modeling studies.

Topic: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Subfield: Metals and Alloys
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Composite risk scores for acute coronary syndromes

There have been considerable advances in the management of acute coronary syndromes in the recent past. There are three risk scoring systems used for prognosticating these patients. An attempt is made in this article to discuss the pros and cons of the different risk scoring systems and their clinical utility.

Topic: Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Promoter of the MxA Gene in Patients with Spontaneous and Treatment Induced Recovery from Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Interferon-α (IFN-α) is an important mediator of the hostrsquor;s innate antiviral defence system. The human recombinant protein is approved for the treatment of persistent viral infections as hepatitis B or C. However, the natural course of infection and treatment response show a great interindividual variation. This study aimed to investigate whether a functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the IFN-α effector MxA is associated with (a) the natural course of hepatitic C virus (HCV) infection and (b) with the outcome of an IFN-α treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients. The rare allele T at position –88 of the MxA promoter has been shown to be associated with a higher promoter activity when compared to the G allele. A total of 190 patients were included. 146 of them developed persistent HCV infection, and 127 were treated with IFN-α. In addition, 44 patients were enrolled who resolved HCV infection spontaneously. We found a genotype distribution of 145: 41: 4 (GG: GT: TT), yielding a rare allele frequency of 0.130. We found no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution or rare allele frequency when patients with a self-limited infection were compared to those with a persistent infection. Moreover, we did not find an association of –88 MxA genotype and response or non-response to an IFN-α therapy. These results apparently contrast with former studies on Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients, which revealed a highly significant association of the T allele and IFN-α therapy response. By comparison, Japanese individuals show a clearly higher rare T allele frequency of 0.290. Of note, the only patient from our group who was homozygous for the T allele and who was treated with IFN-α was of Asian origin and is among those with a sustained response. Another one belongs to the group of patients with self-limiting infection. In conclusion, we assume that associations of the –88 MxA promoter polymorphism and spontaneous or treatment-induced recovery from infection might not become noticeable in the mostly Caucasian individuals enrolled in our study because of the low T allele frequency.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Finite element modeling of energy-absorbing materials in blast-loaded structures

Energy absorbing materials such as foam or honeycomb are of interest in blast protection because of their ability to absorb energy through plastic deformation. They absorb a considerable amount of energy relative to their low density, and are investigated to determine if their energy absorbing abilities can be used to mitigate blast damage. Ballistic pendulum experiments show that energy absorbing materials increase the energy transferred from a blast. This behavior was contrary to expected results so computational models were created in LS-DYNA to understand the phenomenon that causes an increase in transferred energy. Many models using ConWep and Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) techniques were created to test the loading methods available in LS-DYNA. Additional ConWep models were created to directly compare simulations against ballistic pendulum experiments. The ConWep model results correlate with the experiments, showing that energy absorbing materials cause an increase in energy transferred to the system.

Topic: High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios in continental outflow air from eastern North America: Export of ozone precursors to Bermuda

High surface ozone levels at Bermuda during springtime are associated with the transport of large scale frontal systems from the U.S. east coast over the North Atlantic. An objective of the AEROCE III study was to adopt a meteorologically informed sampling strategy of the chemical characteristics of air masses both in advance and behind eastward progressing cold fronts in order to differentiate between vertical sources of these elevated tropospheric ozone signals. Concentrations of hydrocarbons in air sampled over the eastern US and in offshore flights varied in a complex manner with sample altitude and prevailing meteorological situation. In several aircraft flights, the presence at altitude of distinct layers of air of elevated concentrations of NMHC's attested to the dynamic mixing of lower and upper air masses associated with springtime frontal activity. Layers of mid‐tropospheric air of high O 3 (140 ppbv) and low background NMHC mixing ratios (1.44 ppbv ethane, 0.034 ppbv propene, 0.247 ppbv propane, 0.034 ppbv isobutene, 0.041 ppbv n‐butane, 0.063 ppbv benzene, 0.038 ppbv toluene) mixing ratios were indicative of descending, stratospherically influenced air on a flight to the east of Norfolk, VA on April 24 (alt 4600 m). Layers of high O 3 (60–70 ppbv) and elevated NMHC concentrations (1.88 ppbv ethane, 0.092 ppbv propene, 0.398 ppbv propane, 0.063 ppbv isobutene, 0.075 ppbv n‐butane, 0.106 ppbv benzene, 0.102 ppbv toluene) observed on a flight to the west of Bermuda on April 28 (alt. 4100 m) indicated upwardly lifting convective activity of continentally sourced air masses. A meteorologically informed sampling strategy employed in the study was valuable in providing a framework with which to both optimize NMHC sampling decisions and to provide a context with which to interpret their observed mixing ratios.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ARGET ATRP of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate as an Intrinsic Reducing Agent

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTARGET ATRP of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate as an Intrinsic Reducing AgentHongchen Dong and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*View Author Information Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 19, 6868–6870Publication Date (Web):September 3, 2008Publication History Received1 August 2008Revised24 August 2008Published online3 September 2008Published inissue 14 October 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma8017553https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8017553rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6057Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Monomers,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences