jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Histology of overlapping and nonoverlapping pulsed-dye-laser pulses on normal human skin&lt;/title&gt;

In treatment of port-wine stains with a pulsed dye laser, whether to deliver the pulses with or without overlap remains controversial. Therefore the effect of overlap on vascular damage was histologically objectivated by taking biopsies from normal human skin of 5 healthy volunteers, who had laser pulses delivered as follows: 1 single pulse, 2 completely overlapping pulses, 2 pulses with approximately 30% overlap, and 2 pulses with 1 - 2 mm normal skin in between. For these experiments a Candela SPTL-1 with a wavelength of 585 nm was used to deliver 5 mm diameter pulses at an energy level of 7.0 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Light microscopy of the biopsies taken 24 hours after delivering the pulses shows that in overlapping pulses the inflicted damage still seems to be confined to the vessels, but that it extends deeper into the dermis. A striking observation, however, is that concerning the depth of vessel damage, even in non- overlapping pulses, the adjoining pulses have an invigorating effect on each other.

Topic: Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anti-microbial Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrices on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Dental caries is a multi-factorial disease .Various chemically derived antimicrobial agents are incorporated to dentifrices to curb cariogenic microorganisms. There has been renewed interest in naturally occurring products in recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of synthetic formulations led to the surge for novel alternatives. To compare the efficacy of herbal dentifrices on oral microflora using antibiotic susceptibility tests. Two strains of microorganisms- Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were taken and incubated in Mutans media, Sabouraud Dextrose agar respectively. Different dilutions (1:5, 1:10, 1:15) of several brands of toothpastes with different compositions were made. Sterile discs were incorporated with equal amounts of prepared toothpaste formulations. Then these discs were placed equidistant to each other followed by plates were incubated for 24 hours. Zone of inhibition is found to be higher in Ayush (30 mm), followed by Dant kanti, Colgate vedshakti, Meswak, Dantajeevan and Dabur red showing inhibition zones of 26 mm, 24 mm, 17 mm and 14 mm respectively. Results show that herbal toothpaste formulations were effective in controlling the oral microflora. The antimicrobial properties of the six dentifrices concluded that almost all the commercially available herbal dentifrices had antimicrobial activity to some extent.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Quick Identification of the Time of Maturation of Artisanal Minas Cheese by FTIR‑ATR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Techniques

The objective of this work is the identification of cheese maturation time using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) data and analytical measurements associated with chemometrics techniques. Minas artisanal cheeses were collected from 8 producers matured at times 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45 and 60 days, fractioned in rind and crumb for moisture, water activity (aw), dry in fat extract, pH, acidity, ashes, protein, extent and depth of proteolysis, color and identification of functional groups in FTIR-ATR. Principal component analysis (PCA), multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) techniques were performed on the dataset. PCA was used to assess differences and similarities of the samples. The best results to predict the maturation time were using MLR for analytical measurements in the portion of the crumb, with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.92, root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) = 5.4 days and PLS for FTIR-ATR with R2 = 0.92, RMSEV = 5.3 days. The results indicated that the FTIR-ATR was adequate to predict maturation times. Although, it does not eliminate the need for more detailed chemical analysis.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Figure 1 from miR-20a Regulates FAS Expression in Osteosarcoma Cells by Modulating &lt;i&gt;FAS&lt;/i&gt; Promoter Activity and Can be Therapeutically Targeted to Inhibit Lung Metastases

&lt;p&gt;Over-expression of miR-20a decreases Fas expression in OS cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Complexity of Online Graph Games

Online computation is a concept to model uncertainty where not all information on a problem instance is known in advance. An online algorithm receives requests which reveal the instance piecewise and has to respond with irrevocable decisions. Often, an adversary is assumed that constructs the instance knowing the deterministic behavior of the algorithm. Thus, the adversary is able to tailor the input to any online algorithm. From a game theoretical point of view, the adversary and the online algorithm are players in an asymmetric two-player game. To overcome this asymmetry, the online algorithm is equipped with an isomorphic copy of the graph, which is referred to as unlabeled map. By applying the game theoretical perspective on online graph problems, where the solution is a subset of the vertices, we analyze the complexity of these online vertex subset games. For this, we introduce a framework for reducing online vertex subset games from TQBF. This framework is based on gadget reductions from 3-SATISFIABILITY to the corresponding offline problem. We further identify a set of rules for extending the 3-SATISFIABILITY-reduction and provide schemes for additional gadgets which assure that these rules are fulfilled. By extending the gadget reduction of the vertex subset problem with these additional gadgets, we obtain a reduction for the corresponding online vertex subset game. At last, we provide example reductions for online vertex subset games based on VERTEX COVER, INDEPENDENT SET, and DOMINATING SET, proving that they are PSPACE-complete. Thus, this paper establishes that the online version with a map of NP-complete vertex subset problems form a large class of PSPACE-complete problems.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CSD 2234357: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of photoinduced electron transfer in fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FBAs) and DNA photolyase

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) plays a crucial role in a wide array of biological pathways. These electron transfer reactions happen from or to the excited state of a chromophore upon absorption of light. Hence understanding the properties of excited states is necessary in elucidating the details of such pathways. The work presented in this thesis deals with PET in two systems: Fluorescent Nucleobase Analogues (FBAs) and DNA photolyase. The introductory chapter (Chapter 1) presents some background information about the two systems and sets up the stage for the reasoning behind the problems addressed in this thesis. FBAs are fluorescent analogues of naturally occurring, weakly fluorescent native nucleic acid bases. When incorporated into single stranded (ss) or double stranded (ds) DNA, the FBA fluorescence is significantly quenched. PET has been implicated to be the cause for the observed quenching. Here we have presented our attempt to correlate the quenching behavior of free FBA: nucleic acid monophosphate (NMP) pairs with the free energies associated with excited state electron transfer delta GET. Based on the delta GET values, we have tried to assign the direction of electron transfer. The quenching behavior of the FBA:NMP pairs were studied through Stern-Volmer (SV) quenching and time-resolved fluorescence studies. The above described analysis has been applied on FBAs: 4-amino-6-methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-7(8H)-pteridone (6MAP), 4-amino - 2, 6 - dimethyl - 8 - (2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl) -7(8H) - pteridone (DMAP), 3-methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (3MI) and 6-Methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (6MI) (Chapter 3), 2-Aminopurine (2AP) (Chapter 4), 8-Vinyl Adenosine (8VA) (Chapter 5). The final part of this thesis (Chapter 6) is on understanding the mechanistic details of a DNA repair process that is due to photoinduced electron transfer in DNA photolyase, a flavoprotein. Before the electron reaches the damaged site in the DNA, the initial electron acceptor in this repair process has been speculated to be the adenine of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We have tested this hypothesis by measuring and comparing the various kinetic parameters associated with this process by reconstituting into apo-photolyase the natural cofactor of photolyase (FAD) and an adenine modified flavin (Etheno FAD, epsilon FAD).

Topic: DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Approximation of nonsmooth solutions of linear ill-posed problems

In the multidimensional case, for the Tikhonov regularization, two new families of stabilizers containing the norms of the Lipschitz spaces and the norms of the Sobolev spaces with fractional derivatives are suggested. Theorems of convergence of Tikhonov regularized approximate solutions and their discrete approximations are proved. Detailed step-by-step investigation of the solving algorithm is performed by the example of an integral Fredholm equation of the first kind.

Topic: Numerical methods in inverse problems
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surfactant Gradient Methods Using Mixed Systems of Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride and Nonionic Surfactants Possessing Polyoxyethylene Chains for Electrokinetic Separation of Benzoate Anions as Model Analytes

Surfactant gradient methods for electrokinetic separation of 10 benzoates as model organic anions were investigated using mixed micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and nonionic surfactants possessing polyoxyethylene chains, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) or polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij 35). Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was eliminated virtually by a coating of the inner wall of the capillaries, and then the benzoates were detected fundamentally in the order of their hydrophobicity. In a pure CTAC system, the synergistic influences of attractive electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions gave rise to quite large retention factors of many of the benzoate anions, resulting in their coelution. Addition of an adequate amount of Tween 20 to the pure CTAC system decreased the electrostatic interaction significantly to give remarkably improved separation of the analytes, but long analysis time was required. A surfactant gradient method would be useful to decrease analysis time and to improve separation simultaneously. Under slight EOF, the micelles in the inlet reservoir can pass through and, thus, interact with all of the analytes before they were detected. In the present system, surfactant gradient separations could be performed simply by changing compositions of the surfactant solutions in the inlet reservoir during a single run. Additionally, we carried out continuous gradient separation using a simple device. Brij 35 gave an effect parallel to that by Tween 20 in migration behavior of the analytes. A practically negligible change in the level of the baseline was observed in a stepwise gradient elution with the CTAC/Brij 35 system because of the small absorbance at the detection wavelength, while that with the CTAC/Tween 20 was considerable. All the benzoates were separated completely within reasonable analysis times using both stepwise and continuous gradient programs for the concentrations of Tween 20 or Brij 35 in the presence of 100 mM CTAC.

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The ΔF508 Mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Associated With Progressive Insulin Resistance and Decreased Functional β-Cell Mass in Mice

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the result of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF-related diabetes affects 50% of adult CF patients. How CFTR deficiency predisposes to diabetes is unknown. Herein, we examined the impact of the most frequent cftr mutation in humans, deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (ΔF508), on glucose homeostasis in mice. We compared ΔF508 mutant mice with wild-type (WT) littermates. Twelve-week-old male ΔF508 mutants had lower body weight, improved oral glucose tolerance, and a trend toward higher insulin tolerance. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was slightly diminished in ΔF508 mutant islets, due to reduced insulin content, but ΔF508 mutant islets were not more sensitive to proinflammatory cytokines than WT islets. Hyperglycemic clamps confirmed an increase in insulin sensitivity with normal β-cell function in 12- and 18-week-old ΔF508 mutants. In contrast, 24-week-old ΔF508 mutants exhibited insulin resistance and reduced β-cell function. β-Cell mass was unaffected at 11 weeks of age but was significantly lower in ΔF508 mutants versus controls at 24 weeks. This was not associated with gross pancreatic pathology. We conclude that the ΔF508 CFTR mutation does not lead to an intrinsic β-cell secretory defect but is associated with insulin resistance and a β-cell mass deficit in aging mutants.

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
WS-107A-1, Instrumentation Configuration Series D, Article 24, Sycamore Test Stand S-2

This report presents tabulations of the functions to be measured via direct line instrumentation for the series 'D' Captive Test Missile D-24. The tabulations are to be used by Instrumentation Design, Operations, and Data Reduction Groups to determine instrumentation, data handling, and data reduction requirements. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A natural experiment to determine if FitEx works: Impact of a statewide walking program

Abstract The National Cooperative Extension System offers walking programs, but impacts are underreported. One program offered in two state systems is FitEx, an 8-week, group-based behavior change intervention. The purpose of this work was to evaluate FitEx through the RE-AIM (reach, effect, adoption, implementation, maintenance) Framework, with a primary focus on reach and effectiveness (individual-level dimensions). Through a pragmatic, natural experiment, the impact of FitEx was assessed from 2015 to 2020. Reach was operationalized as the number and characteristics of eligible community members who participated. Effectiveness was operationalized as changes in physical activity levels. From 2015 to 2020, there were 1995 FitEx participants (274 ± 233 participants per year) who were 45.22 ± 14.13 years of age, predominantly female (83%) and White (78%). At the start of the program, 33% met physical activity guidelines and during the program 58% met guidelines (X2(1, 1648) = 1.6; P &amp;lt; .0). The reach and effectiveness of FitEx are comparable to—and in some cases, greater than—similar community-based walking programs. FitEx consistently reached middle-aged insufficiently active adults. Future work is needed to reach a more diverse population, establish objectively measured impacts, and establish a process to scale FitEx across the nation.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interleukin-1 stimulates aldosterone secretion: involvement of renin, ACTH, and prostaglandins

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine produced during infection and inflammation, mediates some of the endocrinological alterations that parallel these processes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human recombinant IL-1 (hrIL-1) affects aldosterone output as well as renin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release, two key factors in the regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion. We observed that intravenous administration of hrIL-1 into conscious unrestrained rats elicited a marked and rapid rise in aldosterone plasma levels in a dose-dependent manner. The hrIL-1-induced increase in aldosterone levels was associated with enhanced renin activity and increased ACTH levels in plasma. Furthermore, aldosterone levels of IL-1-injected rats were positively correlated with plasma renin activity (PRA), suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the changes observed in the levels of the mineralocorticoid hormone. ACTH seems also to be implicated in the aldosterone response to hrIL-1 because the profile of the kinetic curves of changes in the levels of the pituitary hormone and aldosterone was similar. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin markedly reduced the increase in aldosterone plasma levels and PRA induced by IL-1, indicating that prostaglandins are involved in these effects of the cytokine. These results suggest that IL-1 may play an important role in the control of homeostasis during infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultra-high frequency ultrasound as a clinical adjunct for imaging the oral cavity: added value of quantitative analysis

Figure 1 Bar graph shows average gray value distributions of the various sub-sites in the oral cavity in 20 healthy subjects as reported by Izzetti et al. 2020.Errors bars represent the standard deviation (*p<0.05-one-way analysis of variance)

Topic: Salivary Gland Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human thiopurine <i>S</i> -methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Variant allozyme misfolding and aggresome formation

Thiopurine S -methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT * 3A , the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two changes in amino acid sequence, are at greatly increased risk for life-threatening toxicity when treated with standard doses of thiopurines. These subjects have virtually undetectable levels of TPMT protein. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TPMT * 3A might result in protein misfolding and aggregation. We observed that TPMT * 3A forms aggresomes in cultured cells and that it aggregates in vitro , functional mechanisms not previously described in pharmacogenetics. Furthermore, there was a correlation among TPMT half-life values in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, aggresome formation in COS-1 cells, and protein aggregation in vitro for the three variant allozymes encoded by alleles that include the two TPMT * 3A single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These observations were compatible with a common structural explanation for all of these effects, a conclusion supported by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. The results of these experiments provide insight into a unique pharmacogenetic mechanism by which common polymorphisms affect TPMT protein function and, as a result, therapeutic response to thiopurine drugs.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Low-Cost Remotely Configurable Electronic Trap for Insect Pest Dataset Generation

The precise monitoring of insect pest populations is the foundation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for pests of plants, humans, and animals. Digital technologies can be employed to address one of the main challenges, such as reducing the IPM workload and enhancing decision-making accuracy. In this study, digital technologies are used to deploy an automated trap for capturing images of insects and generating centralized repositories on a server. Subsequently, advanced computational models can be applied to analyze the collected data. The study provides a detailed description of the prototype, designed with a particular focus on its remote reconfigurability to optimize repository quality; and the server, accessible via an API interface to enhance system interoperability and scalability. Quality metrics are presented through an experimental study conducted on the constructed demonstrator, emphasizing trap reliability, stability, performance, and energy consumption, along with an objective analysis of image quality using metrics such as RMS contrast, Image Entropy, Image sharpness metric, Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), and Modulation Transfer Function (MFT). This study contributes to the optimization of the current knowledge regarding automated insect pest monitoring techniques and offers advanced solutions for the current systems.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECTS OFDELIVERYMODE ON MOTHERSAND INFANTS OFSEVERE PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION SYNDROME GRAVIDAS

Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofdeliverymodeonmothersandinfantsofseverepregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome(PIH) gravidas.Methods:The medical data of 98 PIH gravidas were retrospectively analyzed and summarized the effects of uterine-incision delivery and vaginal delivery on gravidas and neonates.Results:For severe PIH gravidas,uterine-incision delivery and vaginal delivery had no effects on complications of gravidas after childbirth(P0.05).The Apgar score 1min after birth of uterine-incision delivery neonates was obviously higher than that of vaginal delivery neonates(P 0.01);the suffocation rate of uterine-incision delivery neonates was obviously lower than that of vaginal delivery neonates(P 0.01).Conclusions: Severe PIH is serious and has great harm to mothers and infants.Grasping the termination time of pregnancy is the key to guarantee safety of mothers and infants.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences