jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MODELING OF THE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF A TRADING COMPANY

В статті запропоновано імітаційну системно-динамічну модель системи функціонування торговельного підприємства, яка дозволить підвищити якість та своєчасність прийняття управлінських рішень, удосконалити стратегії управління запасами та оцінити можливі наслідки коливання попиту та зриву поставок. З метою визначення модельованої системи, система функціонування торговельного підприємства представлена авторами у вигляді динамічної системи, яка складається з множини елементів із заданою функціональною залежністю між часом і положенням в фазовому просторі. Автори відзначають, що у якості досліджуваної системи, виступає система функціонування торговельного підприємства, структура якої складається з трьох основних рівнів, а в якості основної цілі виступає максимізація доходу за рахунок продажу товару. Спираючись на трирівневу структуру системи функціонування торговельного підприємства, в статті представлено причинно-наслідкова діаграма модельованої системи, основною сферою діяльності якої є оптова та роздрібна торгівля. На основі побудованої причино-наслідкової діаграми авторами розроблено імітаційну системно-динамічну модель функціонування торговельного підприємства, яка складається з трьох блоків, а саме: з блоку формування прибутку, товари на полицях, товари на складі. Запропонована імітаційна модель системи функціонування торгового підприємства наддасть можливість підвищити ефективність торгово-збутової діяльності, провести сценарний аналіз та оцінити можливі збитки від коливання попиту на окремі групи виробів, визначити можливі наслідки зриву поставок та вдосконалити стратегію управління запасами на торгівельному підприємстві. Автори відмічають, що розроблена імітаційна модель також дозволить підвищити ефективність управлінських рішень, що напряму відобразиться на фінансових показниках діяльності торговельного підприємства, завдяки, у тому числі, зниженню кількості зіпсованої продукції, зменшенню кількість скарг та підвищення лояльності клієнтів.

Topic: Enterprise Management and Information Systems
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Electrical treeing and the associated PD characteristics in LDPE nanocomposites

Treeing in low density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with alumina nanocomposite as well as unfilled LDPE samples stressed with 50 Hz ac voltage has been studied. The tree inception voltage was monitored for various samples with different nano-filler loadings and it is seen that there is an increase in tree inception voltage with filler loading in LDPE. Treeing pattern and tree growth duration for unfilled and nano-filled LDPE samples have also been studied. Different tree growth patterns as well as a slower tree growth with increase in filler loading in LDPE nanocomposites were observed. The observed slow propagation of tree growth with filler loading is attributed to the changes in the polymer crystalline morphology induced by the presence of nano-particles and the greater ability of the nanoparticles to resist discharge growth. SEM studies carried out to determine the morphology of unfilled and nano-filled LDPE showed an increase in lamellae packing in LDPE nanocomposites and this increased lamellar density leads to a reduction in the tree propagation rate. Partial discharge activities were also monitored during the electrical tree growth in both the unfilled and the nano-filled LDPE samples and were found to be significantly different. PD magnitude and the number of PD pulses per cycle were found to be lower with electrical tree growth duration in LDPE nanocomposites as compared to unfilled LDPE. The same trend was seen with increased filler loading also.

Topic: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A new 3D-tomographic ultrasound imaging concept for breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis diagnostics avoiding water bath techniques

Superposition of pulse-echo data (FASC: Full Angle Spatial Compounding) acquired from 360° around an object in a water bath as imaging concept for an Ultrasound Computed Tomography (USCT) add-on system has already shown a great potential in 2D for in-vivo investigations (e.g. breast cancer imaging). However, providing a small number of images for parallel cross-sectional planes with enhanced image quality is not sufficient for diagnostics. Volume datasets (3D) are needed. For this purpose we further developed our USCT add-on system to automatically rotate a motorized array (3D probe) around the object of investigation. Full integration of external motor and ultrasound electronics control in a custom made program allows acquiring 3D radio-frequency (rf) datasets from 360° within an appropriate data acquisition time for in-vivo investigations. With respect to breast cancer imaging this concept also enables imaging of thorax close tissue regions which cannot be achieved by 2D FASC. Furthermore, moldings of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel adapted to respective body parts (e.g. female breast) have been developed as new concept for coupling. These PVA hydrogel moldings have a great potential to replace water bath technique in USCT. The water bath technique is in general assumed to be critical for clinical environments. In this contribution we present FASC volume datasets of a tissue mimicking breast phantom investigated in a water bath as well as with PVA hydrogel moldings used for coupling. Results show a great potential for 3D FASC with a motorized array (3D probe) and for the coupling concept with PVA hydrogel moldings.

Topic: Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human Tumor Cloning Assay in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Prospective Correlative Trial

The feasibility and usefulness of chemosensitivity testing with the soft agar cloning assay was tested in 20 patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Pretreatment biopsy specimens could be obtained on only 13 of 20 patients, and chemosensitivity testing could be performed in only two patients. As currently used, the soft agar cloning assay does not contribute to the management of patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New Bacterial Phytase through Metagenomic Prospection

Alkaline phytases from uncultured microorganisms, which hydrolyze phytate to less phosphorylated myo-inositols and inorganic phosphate, have great potential as additives in agricultural industry. The development of metagenomics has stemmed from the ineluctable evidence that as-yet-uncultured microorganisms represent the vast majority of organisms in most environments on earth. In this study, a gene encoding a phytase was cloned from red rice crop residues and castor bean cake using a metagenomics strategy. The amino acid identity between this gene and its closest published counterparts is lower than 60%. The phytase was named PhyRC001 and was biochemically characterized. This recombinant protein showed activity on sodium phytate, indicating that PhyRC001 is a hydrolase enzyme. The enzymatic activity was optimal at a pH of 7.0 and at a temperature of 35 °C. β-propeller phytases possess great potential as feed additives because they are the only type of phytase with high activity at neutral pH. Therefore, to explore and exploit the underlying mechanism for β-propeller phytase functions could be of great benefit to biotechnology.

Topic: Phytase and its Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of a Genetic Isolate: The Case of Carloforte (Italy)

We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speak Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, the Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA, and Y-chromosome markers confirmed the strong isolation of the Carloforte population, which appears significantly different from the neighboring population of Sardinia. Analysis of mtDNA emphasizes the crucial aspect of sampling strategy—two different samplings of the same population (one based on founder surnames; the other one based on grandparents’ criterion) gave different results. Founder surnames sampling is not affected by recent events, and therefore it better describes the ancestral population, whereas, grandparents’ criterion sampling gives a picture of the present population, shaped by more recent events, such as migration and gene flow. This review further supports the notion that a comprehensive approach, including a detailed knowledge of the history of the population and the collection of different samplings, is essential in anthropology for reconstructing past and recent events that contributed to establishing the present genetic structure of the population. Likewise, it is essential in medical genetics to identify genes involved in complex diseases. An ideal scenario is offered by a genetic isolate with a recent, and well-documented, history, such as Carloforte, that can be a paradigm for this type of investigation.

Topic: Forensic and Genetic Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
HEALTH, WELL-BEING AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSING

Sustainability of the built environment is an increasingly prominent concern in academic and policy discussions in the UK and EU. Initiatives such as the Code for Sustainable Homes in the UK have been developed to aid integration of sustainability principles into housing developments. Primary focus in this field has been largely on environmental sustainability (particularly energy efficiency) with less attention paid to social and economic factors. This article argues that health and well-being issues need greater consideration within current sustainable housing policy and developments. Three key reasons are presented in support of this argument: (i) Creation of greater market demand; public demand for sustainable buildings could be enhanced through greater promotion of the health and well-being benefits of sustainable housing: (ii) Time-scales; given the longevity of buildings, health considerations should be of paramount importance to avoid any possible future adverse effects: (iii) Indirect societal benefits; enhanced health and well-being can lead to wider societal and economic benefits such as lower healthcare costs. The paper then presents some of the seminal findings from health and housing literature review, outlining how these can be used to enhance sustainable housing policy and developments. The paper concludes by presenting the next stages of research.

Topic: Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pesticide risk assessment for seed treatments: review of the updated EFSA bird and mammal guidance

Abstract Seed treatment technology allows a targeted application of plant protection products (PPPs) to protect crop seeds and emerging seedlings from soil-borne pests and diseases. This highly focused application of seed treatments highlights their potential as a precision application tool, resulting in reduced pesticide use and exposure to non-target organisms compared to overspray, while supporting efficient crop production. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently published an updated risk assessment guidance for birds and mammals (EFSA, 2023), including a scheme for seed treatment uses. Here, we present illustrative risk assessment results according to EFSA (2023) based on active substance toxicity data and seed treatment specific commercial use patterns according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Our results demonstrate a high failure rate at Tier 1 and higher tiers, resulting in the need for weight of evidence for the majority of products to further refine the assumed risk to birds and mammals. We discuss these high failure rates in the context of an apparent mismatch between implicit assumptions of the EFSA (2023) risk assessment scheme and anticipated real-world field conditions, with agronomic practices linked to modern sowing technology and the ecology of species not being realistically reflected. Aiming toward a harmonized evaluation of seed treatment uses by different member states, we propose how the risk assessment scheme could be adapted by including more realism at Tier 1 and higher tiers. The development of precision agriculture and associated review of risk assessment procedures offers regulators and risk managers a timely opportunity to consider these proposals to the risk assessment scheme for crop seed treatments.

Topic: Agricultural safety and regulations
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CYBERSECURITY: LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT IN LEADING COUNTRIES, NATO AND EU STANDARDS

The authors have investigated the features of legal support for cybersecurity in some of the leading countries of the world, have established the organizational basis for its support, as well as the main aspects of NATO and the EU's activities and standards in this area.In particular, the essence of the concept of cybersecurity is determined by referring to the views of both foreign scientists and Ukrainian scientists, and fixing this definition in normative documents of international importance (international standard ISO/IEC 27032:2012).Actual strategic goals in the direction of ensuring cybersecurity in countries such as France, the UK, the United States, as well as the settlement of these issues at the legislative level in Ukraine are highlighted.It has been established which state bodies operate in the indicated countries, whose powers include ensuring cybersecurity.Attention is paid to the settlement of cybersecurity and cyber protection issues at the international level, in particular at the EU and NATO levels.Particular attention is paid to NATO standards -TEMPEST.The content of the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of ensuring cybersecurity and the nature of the priority tasks of the National Cyber Security Coordination Center under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine are disclosed, which are normatively enshrined in the relevant Regulation.The features of the regulatory and organizational support of cybersecurity in some leading countries of the world and in Ukraine are structured.

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A tripartite transcriptional module regulates protoderm specification during embryogenesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Summary Protoderm formation is a crucial step in early embryo patterning in plants, separating the precursors of the epidermis and the inner tissues. Although key regulators such as ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2) have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , the genetic pathways controlling protoderm specification remain largely unexplored. Here, we combined genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of protoderm specification in Arabidopsis thaliana . We report a novel role of the β‐importin KETCH1 in protoderm specification. KETCH1 loss‐of‐function leads to aberrant protoderm cell morphology and absent ATML1 transcription in embryos. We further demonstrate that KETCH1 directly interacts with an RNA Polymerase II (Pol‐II) cofactor JANUS, mediating its nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, JANUS directly interacts with the WUS HOMEOBOX2 (WOX2) protein, which is critical for WOX2‐activated ATML1 expression. Consequently, JANUS , KETCH1 , and WOX2 loss‐of‐function results in similar protoderm defects. Our results identify the tripartite KETCH1/JANUS/WOX2 transcriptional module as a novel regulatory axis in Arabidopsis protoderm specification.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Two Triangles Theorem

Let the points P Q and R lie on a parabola Let P Q and R be the intersection points of the tangents to the parabola at Q and R P and R and P and Q respectively The area of triangle PQR purple is twice the area of triangle PQR gold Drag the black points to change the figure

Topic: Mathematics and Applications
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of incidence & clinical profile of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (ckdu) in a tertiary referral center

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. CKD is a progressive condition and ultimately end up with kidney failure. It is distinct by its clinic pathologic characteristics and has multifactorial etiology, being mostly linked to several environmental toxins. In India too, there have been reports of the disease in several pockets.  The present study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of CKDu , disease characteristics, and risk factor profile in central Indian state of Maharashtra.

Aims & Objectives: To find out incidence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology & study clinical profile of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.

Methods: We selected 248 subjects (age  >18 years) using multistage sampling. After obtaining demographic data, prevalence & risk factors of CKDu were measured in all subjects.

Results : Mean age of subject was 37.8 ± 12.6 years (range: 18-60), 74% were men and 26% were women. Out of 248 patients with chronic kidney disease, 38 (18.09% ) patients were patients of

chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology.  74% patients had rural background and 26% presented from urban background. Dehydration was found to be a risk factor in 5% of CKDu patients.

Conclusion: In this study, we report 18.10% prevalence of CKDu in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra of india which is much higher than other earlier studies in either rural or urban communities in india.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Reforms
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Considerations on the use and interpretation of survey data on FGM/C

This technical brief was written as an addendum to the trends presented in the “State of-Art-Synthesis of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What Do We Know Now?” published in October 2016. This brief describes important sources of reliable data that have been generated in recent years, to provide accurate information on FGM/C practices and attitudes. The majority of these data are derived from cross-sectional survey research, and the brief notes the strengths and limitations of this research approach which should be borne in mind when using and interpreting these data. Table 1 summarizes nationally representative data on FGM/C available from a number of population-based surveys. Table 2 provides a summary of the key findings reviewed in the original document, and assesses the degree of confidence we have in these findings based on the available data and methodological issues outlined in this addendum.

Topic: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Imaging study of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in normal adults

Abstract Background: As an important anatomical basis, coronal structural position matching of the distal radius has long been lacking in terms of a quantitative understanding, and such matching is correlated with the postoperative functional recovery of patients with distal radius fracture. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population and to improve the detailed anatomical knowledge of the distal radius. Methods: The reconstructed 3D data were analysed using 3-matic research software from thin-film CT images of 80 normal adults, and the coronal structural matching of the distal radius was studied from two aspects: 1) self-matching of the distal radius; and 2) matching between the distal radius and ulna (i.e., the joint space of the distal radioulnar joint). Specific research methods: 1) The relative position of the medial wall of the distal radius with respect to the lunate was determined as the percentage (%) of the vertical distance from the medial wall of the radius to the most prominent ulnar point of the lunate in the corresponding plane from the ulna to the radius. 2) A total of 9 sets of data were collected for evaluating the palmar lateral spacing, median spacing, and dorsal lateral spacing at the distal, middle, and proximal levels of the radius. Results: In the study, 9 sets of data were obtained. And the data of self-matching of the coronal structural of distal radius was also obtained, was 45.0%±16.2%. The P values in the above data were all greater than 0.05, showing no statistical significance. Finally, data of coronal bone structural matching of distal radius in 80 normal adults were obtained. Conclusions: Our study refines the anatomical data of the degree of coronal bone structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population. To explore the relationship between coronal alignment and function in cases of distal radius fracture, a standardized approach was established. Thin- film CT may help diagnose patients with dysplasia around the lunate and radioulnar joint that is difficult to diagnose on MRI.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Another Servicing Mission to Extend Hubble Space Telescope's Science past the Next Decade

Hubble has produced astonishing science during its lifetime. Without Hubble, progress in UV and blue optical astrophysics will be halted for the next two decades. We recommend NASA, ESA, and the private sector study the scientific merit, technical feasibility, and risk of a new servicing mission to fix Hubble and expand its instrumentation.

Topic: Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences