jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Additive average Schwarz with adaptive coarse spaces: scalable algorithms for multiscale problems

We present an analysis of the additive average Schwarz preconditioner with two newly proposed adaptively enriched coarse spaces which was presented at the 23rd International conference on domain decomposition methods in Korea, for solving second order elliptic problems with highly varying and discontinuous coefficients. It is shown that the condition number of the preconditioned system is bounded independently of the variations and the jumps in the coefficient, and depends linearly on the mesh parameter ratio H/h, that is the ratio between the subdomain size and the mesh size, thereby retaining the same optimality and scalablity of the original additive average Schwarz preconditioner.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Stomach

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) is a highly aggressive small round cell tumor that mainly occurs in the bone or soft tissue of children or young adults but is extremely rare in the stomach. A 55-year-old man presented with melena and anemia. On endoscopy, an ulcerofungating mass was observed in the high body and total gastrectomy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. They often formed perivascular pseudorosettes and multinucleated giant cells were frequently observed. The tumor cells strongly expressed CD99, FLI1, and chromogranin and weakly expressed synaptophysin and CD56. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcript was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. ES/PNET is frequently misdiagnosed because of its similarity with small cell carcinoma. Although gastric ES/PNET is very rare, it should be included in differential diagnoses of small round cell tumor in the stomach.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improved Assays for a Variety of Interferons

Improved assays for a variety of interferons, based on the inhibition of yield of viral hemagglutinin, have been developed. These assays are advantageous because they combine the characteristics of rapidity, simplicity, reliability, sensitivity and inhibition of viral multiplication during a single cycle of growth. Since Sindbis virus produces hemagglutinin in a wide variety of animal cells, it is applicable for comparative interferon studies.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ethical Living and Work Self Efficacy Beliefs of Academicians of Higher Education in ASIA: A Key Determinant of One's Belief in One's Ability to Achieve the Desired Result in a Precise State of Affairs

Ethical academicians are perfectly virtuous. They always strive for greater virtue and follow strictly the moral stands of their profession. The ethical living and self-efficacy are important to them because of being fair and honest in their academics. Determinants of ethics include knowledge, values, attitude and intention. The domain-specific framework developed by Verbeke et al. (2004) has been considered as fundamental for identifying the dimensionality of work Self-efficacy and ethical challenges of academicians. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken regarding the concept of work Self-efficacy to assess workers' confidence and their ethical living in the workplace. This article examines theoretically and analytically the antecedent processes and information cues involved in the formation of work self-efficacy. Theoretical and numerical analysis of the key determinants of work self-efficacy increases the understanding of moral values, truthful fair and honest. Factors which decisively affect ethical living were identified from literature collected from the academicians who are working in the Five Regions of Asia - Central Asia (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan) East Asia (China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau) South Asia (Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, the Maldives) through Google classroom. Methods of Statistical Analysis of self-efficacy data are descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirvnos normality test and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Principal Component Analysis. Positive, mastery experiences give academicians a sense of accomplishment when they have faced a challenge ethically. Positive Zeal during Academic interaction, vicarious experiences that occur when academician see others succeed and feel an increased sense of their own ability to succeed. Sincere &amp; deeper self, mingling with students, Social persuasion increase a teacher’s sense of confidence and ability to succeed. A proper plan of action has drawn special attention, and inferences pertaining to future research are discussed at the end of the critique.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Modelling methodologies for quality assessment of 3D inkjet printed electronic products

Purpose of the Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference is an intellectual exchange between researchers, enterprises and users of Additive Manufacturing technologies in order to gather the latest information about trends, progress, importance and the future potential of these technologies for industrial applications. The range of topics covers Product Development (incl. simulation, co-design, mass customization), Technologies (incl. bio-printing, hybrid processes, novel developments/visionary concepts, process chains for industrial production), Materials (incl. ceramics, bio-materials, multi-material approaches), Quality (incl. process/ part quality management) as well as further innovative and visionary approaches not fitting the range of topics above. Renowned international keynote speakers give insight into the latest trends and challenges in additive manufacturing in a variety of industry sectors, including biomedical, aerospace and automotive.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ethics in New Media

[Extract] In this chapter we will discuss:

•The impact of new and evolving media forms on marketing communications

•Disclosure and oblique marketing techniques

•Anthropomorphic marketing and branding in new media

•Marketing-related technologies, such as behaviourally targeted advertising

•Ethics in online sales and the 'sharing economy'

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
HEM Impoundment—A Numerical Prediction Tool for the Water Framework Directive Assessment of Impounded River Reaches

A novel prediction tool is presented as a component of the Habitat Evaluation Model (HEM), which allows the assessment of the ecological status of impounded water bodies based on environmental factors that were shown in literature to correlate with the abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates. Main model parameters are the observed grain sizes and depth-averaged flow velocities obtained from a hydrodynamic simulation. The tool was tested in three Austrian river reaches. It was found that the river lengths predicted to be ecologically affected by the impoundments were substantially shorter for mean flow conditions than previously assessed when employing a physical mapping approach. The differences disappeared for low discharge conditions. The numerical prediction tool allows us to perform a status assessment for discharge conditions, which are potentially more representative of the annual discharge spectrum than those within the in-situ observable range. This property, thus, bears the potential to facilitate the recommendation of sediment management strategies in impounded river reaches in the future.

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A gap at a unique location in newly replicated kinetoplast DNA minicircles from Trypanosoma equiperdum.

Kinetoplast DNA is a network containing thousands of interlocked minicircles. The minicircles replicate as free molecules after release from the network, and their progeny are then reattached (Englund, P. T., (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4895-4900). In Trypanosoma equiperdum, some of the newly replicated minicircles which have recatenated to the network contain a single gap. This gap is about 10 nucleotides in size and it is in the newly synthesized strand. Based on several criteria (S1 nuclease digestion, denaturing polyacrylamide gel analysis and DNA sequencing), the gap residues at a unique site on the molecule. This site overlaps the sequence GGGGTTGGTGTAA, which is the only common sequence found in all minicircles, from several different species, which have been examined.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cleaning the canals of reclaim systems with the help machines with various types of interchangeable working equipment

Relevance . The article describes zones with one or another predominant type of melioration depending on the territorial location of the reclaimed lands, a brief classification of channels is given according to design features, cross-sectional shape, throughput capacity and technical and operational characteristics. Channels are the main elements of reclamation systems. Ensuring high-quality operation of channels with the required bandwidth guarantees the efficient operation of the entire reclamation system. Characteristic canal deformations that occur during operation are given, as well as factors affecting the throughput of canals, such as the appearance of sediment, silting and grass vegetation, the growth of shrubs and small trees. The article presents sewer cleaning machines used on canals of reclamation systems during cleaning and restoration work, describes their design features for cleaning canals of various types and cross sections. Canal cleaners are described, which, according to the mode of operation, are both intermittent and continuous machines, which most effectively and efficiently clean the bottom and slopes of channels of various reclamation systems. The article also provides an explanation of the increase in the efficiency of canal cleaning and the subsequent high-quality work of the reclamation system in the case of using various complexes of sewer cleaning machines, including a variety of machines with different working bodies, sizes and quantities. The choice of the number of machines is directly related to technical and economic indicators: the use of a large number of machines may not be economically feasible, and the use of a minimum number of machines will not provide the re-quired cleaning. Thus, it is important to choose the optimal number of machines of various sizes that form a separate complex.

Topic: Engineering and Agricultural Innovations
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic diversity, population structure and taxonomy of Calopteryx splendens (Odonata: Calopterygidae): An AFLP analysis

Calopteryx splendens is a widely distributed palaearctic damselfly with a remarkably uniform morphology. Variation in the size and shape of the pigmented spot on the wing is the main diagnostic character used to discriminate subspecies across its huge geographic range. Here, AFLP analysis was used to assess the genetic structure and diversity of nine populations representing 3 putative subspecies and evaluate the pigment spot as a taxonomic marker. Genetic diversity was high, with the number of polymorphic loci per population ranging from 141 to 280 out of a total of 333 variable sites (42.3-84.1%) and Nei's gene diversity from 0.160 to 0.283 (overall 0.299). Overall population genetic differentiation (FST = 0.2766) suggests limited gene flow and adaptation to local environments. Restricted gene flow and genetic differentiation among populations are supported by significant FST estimates. High levels of gene flow (Nm &gt;1) were only recorded among three Asian populations (Russia - Kazakhstan - Turkey). The patterns of genotypic diversity suggest that a given wing spot size and shape may arise from the hybridization of a limited number, possibly not more than four, ancestral gene pools in different ways and at different times. Clearly, the sample analyzed was not sufficient to capture all of the complex history of C. splendens, but sufficient to indicate the taxa ancilla, waterstoni, and orientalis possibly represent three of the four ancestral gene pools, and originated in western Asia. The origin of the fourth, xanthostoma, is the western Mediterranean.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of Mucosal Adjuvants for Fish Vaccination

Vaccines are considered one of the most effective and safe instruments for disease prevention, including in the aquaculture industry worldwide. The immunogenicity of a vaccine can be enhanced by the use of adjuvants. Adjuvants have been regarded as a critical vaccine component since they help stimulate and enhance the magnitude and durability of the immune response in the host. Understanding current adjuvants' modes of action must continue to be improved to provide scientists with the tools for the rational and safer design of modern vaccine adjuvants. Many adjuvants fail during vaccine development for various reasons, including manufacturability, stability, low efficacy, unacceptable degrees of tolerance, and safety concerns. Some adjuvants with high oil content and complicated bacterial extracts used in fish vaccinations create adhesions and lesions in internal organs, which do not meet appropriate safety or quality criteria in general. In some cases, some vaccines may not require an adjuvant as they already contain natural adjuvants because the antigen alone might have heterogeneous compositions, including particulate forms of proteins, lipids, and oligonucleotides, although in an unclear perspective. This chapter discusses the necessity of adding adjuvants in the vaccine formulation, considering the target pathogens and the different types of vaccination strategies and delivery.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
STATUS NUTRISI PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS DENGAN DIABETES MELLITUS DAN NON-DIABETES MELLITUS

Background:Malnutrition is a common problem in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus (DM). An assessment of nutritional status in CRF patients is encouraged to see the level of its severity. The general parameters for assessing nutritional status are serum albumin and hemoglobin.&#x0D; Objective:The objective of this research was to investigate the differences on thenutritional status of CRF patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) compared to those without DM at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta.&#x0D; Methods:This was a comparative descriptive research applying accidental sampling and was conducted for 6 months (June-November 2014). The main measuring devices were patients’ medical records and laboratory results of albumin and hemoglobin levels. Sampleof this study consisted of 30 respondents. Independent t-test was applied to analyze the differences of albumin and hemoglobin levels in both groups.&#x0D; Result:The test result showed that the albumin (p=0.917) and hemoglobin levels (p=0.168) of CRF patients without DM and that of CRF patients with DM were not significantly different.&#x0D; Conclusion:CRF patients with and without DM had low level of albumin and hemoglobin. Nurses shouldbe more careful in regulating fluidbalance to reduce pulmonary edema.&#x0D; Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), diabetes mellitus(DM), albumin, hemoglobin

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unraveling how probiotic yogurt works

Previous investigations have shown that certain strains of lactobacilli can competitively exclude uropathogens from attaching to uroepithelial cells and from causing urinary tract infection in animials. The finding of an inhibitory effect produced by Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus GR-1 against the growth of uropathogens was investigated further using two Escherichia coli indicator strains Hu 734 and ATCC 25922. There were two phases to the inhibitor studies. The first one using an agar sandwich technique showed that an inhibitor activity was heat stable and inhibitory to the E. coli. The second phase showed that MRS broth provided optimum lactobacilli growth and inhibitor production. In addition, the inhibition was present under conditions buffering for acid and pH. The data indicated that the inhibitory effect was not due to bacteriophages or hydrogen peroxide. Strain GR-1 was found to coaggregate with E. coli ATCC 25922 in urine, a phenomenon that has not previously been reported for urogenital bacteria. An in vitro assay system was developed to study the coaggregation of various lactobacilli and uropathogens. The results demonstrated that highest coaggregation scores occurred after 4 h incubation at 37°C with lactobacilli and two type-1 fimbriated E. coli strains. Of the nine lactobacilli strains tested, each was found to coaggregate with 2 or more of the 13 uropathogens. The dominance of inhibitor-producing lactobacilli on the urogenital epithelium and the ability of these organisms to interact closely with uropathogens would constitute an important host defense mechanism against infection.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mean-field behavior of cluster dynamics

The dynamic behavior of cluster algorithms is analyzed in the classical mean\nfield limit. Rigorous analytical results below $T_c$ establish that the dynamic\nexponent has the value $z_{sw}=1$ for the Swendsen-Wang algorithm and\n$z_{uw}=0$ for the Wolff algorithm.\n An efficient Monte Carlo implementation is introduced, adapted for using\nthese algorithms for fully connected graphs. Extensive simulations both above\nand below $T_c$ demonstrate scaling and evaluate the finite-size scaling\nfunction by means of a rather impressive collapse of the data.\n

Topic: Theoretical and Computational Physics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation Method of Coal Mine Production Safety Based on BP Neural Network

Based on the theory of system engineering, coal mine production safety has been analyzed. From workers, production process, coal production and economy, coal mine production safety evaluation indexes have been confirmed, and then the BP neural network model of coal mine production safety evaluation has been built. After training and testing the model, the model can accurately evaluate the coal mine production safety. It is of great guiding significance for coal mine production safety.

Topic: Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep Banding Increases Phosphorus Removal by Soybean Grown under No‐Tillage Production Systems

Core Ideas Deep band P is a potential strategy to reduce P losses by runoff. Deep band P improve soil fertility in subsurface in no‐till system. Greater amount of P removed with grain compared to the total P input. Phosphorus fertilizer placement can have significant agronomic and environmental implications in long‐term no‐till (NT) systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response to P fertilizer placement strategies under long‐term NT management. A field study was performed near Nao‐Me‐Toque‐RS (Location 1) and Sao Sepe‐RS (Location 2), southern Brazil, during the 2014/2015 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Triple superphosphate was applied using five strategies: (i) strip tillage with deep band (ST‐DB); (ii) strip tillage with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (ST‐B); (iii) no‐till with broadcast (NT‐BR); (iv) no‐till with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (NT‐B); (v) and no‐till with surface band (NT‐SB). Plant height, dry weight, and P uptake were evaluated at 20, 40, 60, and 80 d after emergence (DAE) as well as P removed and grain yield at harvest. The ST‐B application promoted greater plant height, dry weight, and P uptake at 80 DAE. However, ST‐DB showed the greatest P removal compared to other treatments. Also, greater yields were obtained for ST‐DB and NT‐BR. Soil sampling after harvest showed that ST‐DB increased soil test P levels by 19 and 11% at the 15‐ to 25‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. While NT‐BR increased soil test P by 43 and 36% at the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Deep band P fertilizer placement maintained or increased soybean yield and P use under long‐term NT in tropical soils.

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A document retrieval framework for scientific publications

In the academic area, the Internet is used as a scientific resource. However, finding appropriate information on the Web remains difficult. To simplify this process, we designed the document retrieval framework to retrieve scientific publications from the Web. In this paper, we present the architecture of the proposed tool and results of preliminary test evaluating its quality. This tool can be used by researchers and students when they search for scientific information on the Internet.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experiments in control of flexible structures with noncolocated sensors and actuators

While the stable control of such flexible structures as limber spacecraft is easily achieved through the colocation of control actuators with sensors, noncolocation renders this extremely difficult. The most difficult case in point is that in which structural damping is low and spacecraft stiffness and inertia values are uncertain and changing. Attention is presently given to an apparatus in which each basic sensor/actuator noncolocation configuration is available, and inertias can be abruptly halved or doubled during control maneuvers. This feature can impose a sudden reversal in the plant's pole-zero sequence, which is a very difficult condition for the controller. Test results obtained to date demonstrate the inherent difficulty of achieving robustness in the case of noncolocation. It is noted that there may be very simple configurations in which there is no alternative to adaptive control.

Topic: Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences