jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between electrodiagnostic severity and neuropathic pain assessed by the LANSS pain scale in carpal tunnel syndrome

Azize Esra G&amp;amp;uuml;rsoy, Mehmet Kolukisa, G&amp;amp;uuml;lsen Babacan Yildiz, G&amp;amp;uuml;lsen Kocaman, Arif &amp;amp;Ccedil;elebi, Abd&amp;amp;uuml;lkadir Ko&amp;amp;ccedil;erDepartment of Neurology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, TurkeyObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of neuropathic pain assessed by the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale and electrophysiological findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Methods: We studied 124 hands with idiopathic CTS with pain complaints involving hand and wrist. All hands were assessed by the LANSS with which a score of 12 or more is defined as pain dominated by neuropathic mechanisms. These hands were assigned to minimal, mild, moderate, severe, or extreme severe groups according to the results of the median nerve conduction studies.Results: A LANSS score &amp;amp;ge; 12, suggestive of pain dominated by neuropathic mechanisms, was defined in 59 (47.6%) CTS hands. Pain intensity was significantly higher in CTS hands with a LANSS score &amp;amp;ge; 12 (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Among electrophysiological findings, compound muscle action potential amplitude was significantly lower in hands with a LANSS score &amp;amp;ge; 12 compared with hands with a LANSS score &amp;amp;lt; 12 (P = 0.020). Severity of CTS was not significantly different between LANSS &amp;amp;ge; 12 and LANSS &amp;amp;lt; 12 groups. Electrophysiological severity was significantly higher in CTS hands with evoked pain (P = 0.005) and allodynia (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.001) in LANSS subscore analysis.Conclusion: We suggest that the presence of pain dominated by neuropathic mechanisms in CTS is not related to electrophysiological CTS severity. Neuropathic pain should be assessed carefully in patients with CTS, and an appropriate treatment plan should be chosen, taking into account the clinical and electrophysiological findings together with the true pain classification.Keywords: electrodiagnostic evaluation, carpal tunnel syndrome, LANSS, neuropathic pain

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Personality Development Across the Life Course:The Argument for Change and Continuity

AbstractIn this article we review answers to 5 questions concerning the development of personality across the life course: How early in the life course can we identify characteristics unique to individuals that will show continuity over time? When in the life course is personality fully developed? What life course factors moderate continuity and change in personality? What are the mechanisms that promote continuity in personality? And finally, what are the mechanisms that promote change in personality? Based on the answers to these 5 questions we conclude (a) that there is modest continuity from childhood to adulthood, (b) that personality traits do not become fixed at a certain age in adulthood and retain the possibility of change even into old age, and (c) that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment such that personality consistency increases with age and is more common than change in midlife and old age.

Topic: Personality Traits and Psychology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
DEVELOPMENT OF A PERCEIVED COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS SCALE FOR GRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for assessing perceived communication effectiveness of Graduate Teaching Assistants at the University of Nebraska. Recent reports indicate that increasing numbers of Graduate Teaching Assistants have difficulties communicating their subjects to classes. Recent research indicates that "the good teacher is a good talker." In order to aid Graduate Teaching Assistants improve, an instrument was developed from undergraduate and graduate student input to assess student perceptions of Graduate Teaching Assistant communication effectiveness. The instrument developed in the first part of the study was then used to assess the communication effectiveness of sixty Graduate Teaching Assistants at the University of Nebraska. These Graduate Teaching Assistants represented four colleges and eighteen departments. The data were factor analyzed to determine the elements of the communication effectiveness construct, and to determine the influence of each factor on overall perceptions of communication effectiveness. Results indicate that three factors contribute significantly to student perceptions of teacher communication effectiveness--Organizational Stability, Instructional Adaptability, and Interpersonal Inflexibility. Additionally, analysis of teacher, student, and contextual demographic data indicate three major findings: (1) female instructors are not rated on their organizational structure as highly as male instructors are, and female students tend to base their instructor ratings more on instructional adaptability and interpersonal inflexibility than do male students. (2) The lower the course level, the lower a teacher's ratings on Organizational Stability and Instructional Adaptability. (3) Credit hours in Speech Communication, and to a lesser extent subject and course level, predict Organizational Stability, Instructional Adaptability, and Interpersonal Inflexibility. Any number of reasons can be posited for Graduate Teaching Assistants not receiving high communication effectiveness ratings. One of the most plausible is that they generally lack the experience that comes from being in the classroom and experiencing the teacher-student process. Some practical experiences can be provided for Graduate Teaching Assistants through communication skills workshops designed to allow the Graduate Teaching Assistants to experience the classroom situation in a non-threatening atmosphere with others who also need to become more effective communicators.

Topic: Foreign Language Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TV formats and copyright: a peruvian and international case law approach

TV formats are one of the most used mechanisms in the audiovisual industry. Their protection by copyright is a subject of academic debate which reflects in the diverse international and national jurisprudence on the matter. This article aims to give a brief review of some theoretical aspects regarding the type of protection provided by copyright to audiovisual productions, providinga case law approach on recent Peruvian and international jurisprudence.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Rising Income Inequality and Living Standards in OECD Countries: How Does the Middle Fare?

Income inequality has increased in a number of the rich democratic nations over the past generation. We examine whether this has reduced income growth for middle-income households. Using LIS, OECD and WID data, we show how median household incomes and income inequality have evolved between 1980 and 2013, and we analyse whether these trends are related. Growth in median incomes is negatively associated with changes in the Gini but not with changes in top income shares. Economic growth is strongly associated with growth in median incomes, although it does not seem to fully transmit.

Topic: Income, Poverty, and Inequality
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of hyperthermia (45 degrees C) on calcium flux in Chinese hamster ovary HA-1 fibroblasts and its potential role in cytotoxicity and heat resistance.

Hyperthermia caused a major increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ into Chinese hamster ovary HA-1 cells. Increased permeability to Ca2+ was observed with heating periods as brief as 45 degrees C for 4 min and reached a maximum at 45 degrees C for 30 min. In addition to elevation of Ca2+ influx, heat induced an increase in 45Ca2+ exchange with the extracellular Ca2+ pool. The effect of heat on Ca2+ permeability was transient, and Ca2+ influx returned to normal values by approximately 9 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the time courses of increased Ca2+ permeability and cell inactivation at 45 degrees C indicated that the heating time required for maximum permeability to Ca2+ was similar to the initial resistant "shoulder" period of the cell survival curve. This suggests that Ca2+ could play a permissive role in thermal cell inactivation; efficient cell killing may require a threshold concentration of intracellular Ca2+. The kinetics of heat-induced increase in Ca2+ permeability also resembled that for the induction of thermotolerance. This might suggest a messenger role for Ca2+ in thermotolerance induction. Direct increase in cellular Ca2+ levels with Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (5 X 10(-6) M) led to subsequent heat resistance. However, the heat resistance produced by A23187 was of a lesser magnitude than heat-induced thermotolerance. In addition, A23187 did not induce the stress protein species characteristic of thermotolerance (heat shock proteins), but instead led to the synthesis of a related set of proteins (glucose-regulated proteins). The data thus suggest a role for Ca2+ in the cellular effects of hyperthermia. They are also of potential clinical relevance in that cellular responses to heat might be modified pharmacologically, by the judicious use of Ca2+ active agents, such as Ca2+ ionophores and channel blockers.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Surgical technique in ski thumb injury].

The skier's-thumb, an instability of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the first metacarpo-phalangeal joint is one of the most common hand injuries in alpine skiing. In over 60% of our cases the ligament is ruptured, mostly near or at its distal insertion at the base of the first metaphalanx. Also a bony avulsion of the UCL at its distal insertion is not uncommon. A significant instability or a bony avulsion of the UCL with dislocation of the fragments is an indication for open reconstruction and stabilization. Good experience has been gained with a fish hook pull-out-wire technique. We describe the approach and the reconstruction technique.

Topic: Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children

Background.&#13;\nDental fear and anxiety (DFA) assessment using standardised self-report questionnaires could improve patient care, facilitate communication, and reduce occupational stressors for dental professionals. However, existing measures have conceptual limitations and barriers to clinical utilisation.&#13;\n&#13;\nAim.&#13;\nTo further the understanding of DFA assessment in paediatric dental patients.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethod.&#13;\nFirstly, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine a profile of paediatric dental patients referred with DFA. Additionally, child mental health and health-related quality of life were assessed. Next, a qualitative approach was used to explore children’s DFA experiences using a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) framework. The findings informed the development on a new child centred DFA measure (Porritt et al. 2018). Subsequently, a web-based version of this measure for use on mobile smart devices was designed and tested.&#13;\n&#13;\nResults.&#13;\nIn Study 1, the profile of 100 children aged 11-16 years found most were female, White ethnicity, and lived in areas with high deprivation (61%, 85%, and 50% respectively). Participants had a range of self-reported DFA severity scores. Most did not have additional psychological difficulties and reported levels of impacts on daily living consistent with community samples. In Study 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 children aged 11-16 years. The thoughts, feelings, physical symptoms, and behaviours described were characteristic of changes associated with fears and anxieties. In Study 3, 107 children aged 9-16 years participated in the design and/or testing of the web-application. Mode of questionnaire delivery did not affect data equivalence or completeness, or time taken to complete responses. Both questionnaire versions had high acceptability, with no participant preference reported. &#13;\n&#13;\nDiscussion.&#13;\nDFA is a multidimensional experience for children. Further research is needed into the factors that influence children’s self-reporting of DFA using standardised questionnaires. The functionality offered by web-applications on mobile smart devices has considerable potential for DFA assessment.

Topic: Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
What is the Impact of Demography on Higher Education Systems? A Forward-looking Approach for OECD Countries

This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of demographic changes on the student population, on student-teacher ratios and expenditure in higher education and on the level to which the populations are educated. It shows that demographic changes are only one of the factors determining student enrolment trends, teaching staff numbers or costs in higher education. It also demonstrates that policy responses to falling student enrolments and rising enrolments in periods of expansion are often similar, albeit for sometimes different reasons. The investigation is based on forward-looking quantitative scenarios that provide a heuristic insight into these changes and their consequences, though without claiming that they can actually be forecast.

Topic: Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Demand Heterogeneity and Price Volatility

In this note, we propose a notion of financial market heterogeneity based on the rates at which agents adjust their demand for a risky asset. These rates can be interpreted as the speeds at which agents process market information and act on it. We indicate through several simple examples how this notion of heterogeneity is connected to the volatility of aggregate excess demand for the risky asset. We also indicate how heterogeneity and volatility in excess demand can be transmitted to that of the risky asset price, possibly providing another framework for modeling asset price volatility and its statistical estimation.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Concerning the question about physical model of birefringent spun fiber

An experiment have been proposed, proved and realized which help to make a choice between two models of evolution of light radiation polarization in optical fibers which are made by spinning highly linearly birefringent preforms during the drawing process (common term spun fiber). The model of helical structure of axes of built-in linear birefringence and the model which include circular birefringence are opposed. It is showed that polarization state evolution in spun fibers is described by the model of helical structure of axes of built-in linear birefringence.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Objecting to Race

Modern efforts by bar associations, courts, and legislatures to regulate the use of race talk in civil rights and criminal cases have faltered not only in describing its various race-neutral, race-coded, and race-conscious forms, but also in prescribing the scope of its permissible use under legal ethics codes and standards, judicial rules, and statutes. The descriptive and prescriptive difficulty of defining and regulating race talk in the courtroom and in advocacy more generally raises fundamental normative and instrumental questions about racial justice and professional ethics in the lawyering process, a process marked by the daily exercise of mainly unseen and mostly unaccountable discretion. Normative questions –– whether lawyers should object to race –– turn on intrinsic personal and professional value commitments to race, dignity, identity, and role. Instrumental questions –– when and how lawyers should object to race –– rest on tactical, outcome-oriented calculations about the best interests of clients, groups, organizations, and sometimes whole communities. This Essay revisits ongoing questions of race talk and racial representation in the context of current civil rights and criminal justice practice through the prism of the recent United State Supreme Court decision in Calhoun v. United States and its underlying federal trial and appellate proceedings. Building on Calhoun’s factual and legal foundation, the Essay proceeds in three parts. Part I explores the definition of race talk garnered from the text of Justice Sotomayor’s statement in Calhoun. Part II examines the prosecutorial exploitation of race talk gleaned from the briefs of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Texas and the Solicitor General’s Office of the U.S. Department of Justice. Part III considers defense-driven objections to race talk culled from the Calhoun defense team’s federal appellate brief and petition for writ of certiorari and from the opinions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and the statement of Justice Sotomayor. Although limited in scope, the Essay seeks in pursuing these inquiries to transform the pedagogy and practice of civil rights and criminal law in American courtrooms as well as in law school classrooms and community clinics.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Calibration and metrological test of the RadonEye Plus2 electronic monitor

Consumer-grade electronic radon monitors are increasingly utilized by users and researchers. Fast and cost-effective procedures for their metrological assurance are necessary. The metrological characteristics of 20 RadonEye Plus2 monitors were investigated. The new monitors had low background of 2.5 ± 0.5 Bq/m3. The precision error for the studied group was estimated at about 9 % and the biased error (accuracy) ranged from 3 % to 16 % for activities in the range 280 – 2900 Bq/m3. An excellent linearity of all monitors was observed in this range. The statistical fluctuations of the RadonEye Plus2 at 300 Bq/m3 were estimated at 9% (relative percent error). A simplified calibration procedure was successfully applied. The exposure was at activity concentration exponentially increasing with a small rate, being almost constant within a single measurement of the RadonEyes. The correction factors obtained with this procedure are in excellent agreement with those obtained through the standard procedure with exposure at different constant radon concentrations. The correction factors of the monitors ranged from 0.70 to 1.06 with an average of 0.880 and a standard deviation of 0.079. Overall, the results show that the metrological characteristics of RadonEye Plus2 are sufficient for measurements in dwellings and workplaces. However, the spread of their correction factors highlights the importance of individual calibration when measurements are made for research, legislation compliance tests or decision making.

Topic: Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH COMPARISON OF CONTROL SPECIMEN WITH GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AND GEOGRID FIBRE REREINFORCED CONCRETE

Most widely recognized material in the present world is Concrete due its durability, and strength aspects. Hence by using different additives like Glass fibre and woven biaxial Geogrid the compressive strength test is carried out for M30 and M40 grade of concrete to improve the performance of concrete. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the compressive strength of concrete, when concrete is mixed with glass fiber and Geogrid, to meet the demands of the modern construction. The addition of Glass fibre into concrete increases the compressive strength of concrete than Geogrid concrete. Tests are conducted by using glass fibre and Geogrid. For 1 m3 of concrete 612grams of glass fibre for M30 grade of concrete and for M40 grade of concrete 697 grams of glass fibre for 1m3 of concrete are used. Geogrids are placed at 2 layers (50mm interval each) in a 150*150mm cube in both M30 and M40 grade of concrete.

Topic: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>Caulis Sinomenii</i> Extracts Activate DA/NE Transporter and Inhibit 5HT Transporter

Caulis Sinomenii (QFT) has analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic-like actions, and is proven effective for improving drug dependence that is known to be associated with abnormal monoaminergic transmission. We assessed whether QFT would be biologically active in functionally regulating monoamine transporters using CHO cells expressing dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), or serotonin transporter (SERT) (i.e. D8, N1, or S6 cells, respectively). Here, we showed that its primary extracts, such as QA, QC, QE, QD, and QB (QFT ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alkaloid-free chloroform, and alkaloid-containing chloroform extract, respectively), and secondary extracts, such as QE-2, − 3, − 5, − 7, QD-1, − 2, − 3, − 4, − 5, and QB-1, − 2, − 3, − 4, − 5 (fractioned from QE, QD, and QB, respectively), in differing degrees, either increased DA/ NE uptake by corresponding D8/N1 cells or decreased 5HT uptake by S6 cells; wherein, QE-2, QD-3, and QE-7 were potent DA/NE uptake activators while both QE-7 and QB-5 were potent 5HT uptake inhibitors. Furthermore, the enhancement of DA/NE uptake was dependent of DAT/NET activity, and the inhibition of 5HT uptake was typical of competition. Thus, QFT extracts, especially QE-2 and QE-7 (both with stronger potencies), are novel monoamine transporter modulators functioning as DAT/ NET activators and/or SERT inhibitors, and would likely improve neuropsychological disorders through regulating monoamine transporters.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Flight Ticket Price Prediction Using Regression Models

Abstract: Many people nowadays choose to travel by flights. The cost of an airline ticket has a significant impact on a traveller’s decision on which mode of transportation to use. A wide number of factors influence the price of an airline ticket, including social, competitive, marketing, and financial factors, among others. Every airline has a different technique for determining ticket prices. We can uncover the rules that airlines may use to model their fare variation using Machine Learning. In this project paper, we propose developing a web-based application for projecting the price of a flight ticket using Kaggle data, where the dataset contains various data related to 10,000 flights. The framework proposed will be used to simulate several regression algorithms for estimating projected flight fares. The model that will produce extremely accurate forecasts will be finalized, and it will solely be utilised to forecast the price. Keywords: regression, machine learning, model, prediction, algorithms

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences