jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 1990-1994

The present ornithological report for the Camargue covers five years (1990-1994). This time-period was characterised by mild winters, high yearly rainfall in 1990, 1993 and 1994 and a sharp drop of salinity in the Vaccarès. The Little Egret and the Cattle Egret have increased their breeding figures that might be related to some mild winters and good breeeding success. The Black-crowned Night Heron was still at a low level. With about 1500 breeding pairs, the Grey Heron has nearly tripled its numbers since 1981, whereas the Purple Heron has continued to decline. The following species have become new breeders : White Stork, Great Egret, Glossy Ibis, Mute Swan, Greylag Goose and Common Buzzard. Some others have become rare breeders : Collared Pratincole, Stone-curlew, Eurasian Scops Owl, Little Owl and Com Bunting. These species have been threatened by habitat alterations to their breeding grounds or along their migration routes and wintering quarters. There is a concern about the breeding of gulls, terns and waders in the two salines of Camargue. While the number of breeding islets has remained un¬ changed, most of them are now colonised by the Yellow-legged Gull. This has led to dramatic population shifts of the smaller species from one saline (Salin de Giraud) to the other (Aigues-Mortes). At the latter site, the smaller species have, moreover, adopted nest sites with low breeding success. Thus, the survival of several species is guaranteed by immigration movements from abroad. The Black-headed Gull has continued to decline, but the Slender-billed Gull, the Mediterranean Gull and the Sandwich Tern has increased and other species have remained more or less stable. The trend of all these species should be followed with great care and the carrying capacity of the two salines must be urgently enhanced. A few individuals of some trans-Saharan migrants have overwintered (Black-crowned Night Heron, Squacco Heron, Glossy Ibis, Black-winged Stilt, Common Tern, Whiskered Tern, Wryneck and Yellow Wagtail) or have increasingly overwintered (Ringed Plover and Kentish Plover). The recent mild winters may have favoured this trend. Two other species (Cetti’s Warbler and Fantailed Warbler) have increased their breeding numbers probably for the same reason. The Purple Swamphen and the Spotless Starling are expected to become new breeders in a near future. The Common Crane and the Greylag Goose have increased their wintering numbers. The Camargue still remains a good breeding area for the Mallard but the Gadwall did not progress. The Common Pochard is still absent as a breeder. Among the Anatidae, only the Greylag Goose and the Mute Swan have increased as breeders. The high hunting pressure is suspected to be the major factor that limits the overall carrying capacity of the Camargue for wintering ducks and coots. A concern for wildlife conservationists and for hunters.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimization of Pseudotargeted Metabolomics: Fully Integrating the Advantages of Both Targeted and Untargeted Approaches

Introduction: This study aimed to address persistent challenges in pseudotargeted metabolomics, particularly the limited compatibility with diverse sample types, by developing an enhanced method integrating the strengths of targeted and untargeted approaches. Methods: An upgraded pseudotargeted metabolomics method was developed, incorporating a sample- specific MS-RI library (SSMSRIL) to identify novel metabolites in new samples. Newly discovered metabolites were dynamically added to a pseudotargeted MRM list. Additionally, MRM transitions for 227 target metabolites were integrated, resulting in a final method monitoring &gt;500 metabolites. This design facilitates the extraction and addition of new metabolites to the monitoring list. The method was established and evaluated using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GCMS/ MS). Results: Evaluation with new samples revealed that 33-40% of all detected metabolites were identified exclusively through the integrated targeted MRM transitions. This demonstrated their significant role in expanding metabolite coverage. Furthermore, 23-54% of metabolites detected in new sample types were absent from the initial SSMSRIL list. Discussion: The substantial proportion (23-54%) of metabolites detected in new sample types missing from the original library underscores the critical necessity of dynamically updating the pseudotargeted MRM list when applying the method to new samples. This update mechanism is vital for maintaining broad metabolite coverage and method applicability across diverse sample matrices. result: The new method monitors over 500 metabolites, allowing for easy extraction and addition of new metabolites to the monitoring list. Evaluation with new samples revealed that 33-40% of all detected metabolites were identified solely through the targeted MRM transitions, indicating a significant expansion of metabolite coverage. Furthermore, 23-54% of detected metabolites from new sample types were not in the initial SSMSRIL list, highlighting the importance of updating the pseudotargeted MRM list for different sample types. Conclusion: The enhanced pseudotargeted method significantly improves metabolite coverage and adaptability to new sample types through dynamic MRM list updating and the integration of targeted MRM transitions. While developed using GC-MS/MS, the core concept is readily transferable to liquid chromatography (LC)-based full-scan and MRM methodologies, broadening its potential impact.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST AS A GEOSTRATEGIC CHALLENGE. THE CASE OF THE USSR AND PRESENT-DAY RUSSIA

РАЗВИТИЕ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО РЕГИОНА КАК ГЕОСТРАТЕГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАДАЧА.НА ПРИМЕРЕ СССР И СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ Аннотация.В статье сопоставляется промышленное развитие Дальнего Востока в эпоху СССР и в современной России с точки зрения геостратегии.Геостратегия понимается как совокупность способов реализации геополитических интересов.Советская программа индустриализации вписывается в историческую логику действий России в Тихоокеанском регионе.Дальний Восток остается стратегически значимым и для современной России.Тем не менее современное промышленное и демографическое состояние региона является кризисным.Улучшение ситуации возможно только при условии системных изменений в сфере экономического развития.

Topic: Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cognition and conversation

This article considers the different approaches to cognition in conversation analysis (CA) and discursive psychology (DP). Its points are illustrated through a critical but appreciative consideration of an article by Drew in which he uses conversation analysis to identify ‘cognitive moments’ in interaction. Problems are identified with Drew’s analysis and the conclusions he draws. In particular, he a) presupposes a dualistic division between depth and surface; b) makes circular inferences from conventional conversational patterns to underlying cognitive entities; c) presupposes (rather than demonstrates) that the underlying cognitive entities influence conduct. It is argued that none of these things is required by conversation analysis; rather Drew is imposing cognitivist assumptions on conversational materials. Discursive psychology’s approach focuses on cognitive issues in terms of how they are constructed and oriented to in interaction; its virtues are pressed.

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Determinants of Business Resilience in the Restaurant Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Textual Analytics Study on an O2O Platform Case

Understanding the resilience capabilities of restaurant operations and the determinants affecting these capabilities is critical to helping restaurants overcome the hardships owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This article adopts a textual analytics approach to scientifically measure consumption trends and identify the shock to restaurant sales using online customer review data from Dianping.com (an O2O platform in China). Moreover, the article proposes a theoretical model of business resilience for the restaurant industry in the context of the pandemic. Then, an empirical investigation on how the determinants in our theoretical framework affect the resilience of restaurant business operations using the panel logit model is conducted. Our findings indicate that the pandemic has severely disrupted the full-service restaurants as compared to the quick-service restaurants. We identify four determinants of resilience, namely social capital (i.e., restaurant rating), physical capital (i.e., contactless service), economic capital (i.e., chain operation), and natural capital (e.g., location), which are significantly associated with the resilience of restaurant business during the pandemic. These four determinants play different roles in the resilience of full-service and quick-service restaurants. The findings of this study have theoretical contribution and generate some important managerial implications for helping the restaurant industry recover from disruptions brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Recharge‐induced groundwater flow over a plane sloping bed: Solutions for steady and transient flow using physical and numerical models

The free surface profile and outflow hydrograph for groundwater under conditions of steady uniform recharge followed by recession have been studied in viscous fluid model tests, using a sloping bed with a gradient of 0.2. The data have been compared with the nonlinear Boussinesq model and a modification of that model simulating the outflow seepage surface, obtained from a finite difference solution of the free boundary problem. It is shown that for a given bed slope, there is close to a linear relationship between outflow and storage raised to a power n, where n ranges from almost 2 for zero slopes to just above 1 at a gradient of 0.3. There is also a simple relationship between outflow and storage in the final stage of recession, when a drainage front occurs on the bed. These results lead to simple algorithms for prediction of the outflow under unsteady recharge conditions.

Topic: Groundwater flow and contamination studies
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elevation competition between two invasive grass species (B. tectorum and B. rubens)

Two species of grasses, Bromus tectorum (Cheatgrass) and Bromus madritensis rubens (Red Brome) are known for being widespread and invasive across the semiarid regions of western North America, including southern California. Both species grow quickly, have short life spans, and produce prolific amounts of seeds. Despite these similarities, these closely related grass species exhibit different, albeit overlapping, geographic distributions. In western North America, Cheatgrass tends to occur at higher elevations and more northerly latitudes whereas Red Brome lives at lower elevations and more southerly latitudes (both species are however, seen growing together at intermediate elevations.) It is assumed that these two species differ in their respective tolerances for cool and warm temperatures. It is also well known that climate change affects species distributions with different temperature tolerances and it is a possibility that with climate warming, Red Brome may begin to be more common at higher, cooler sites thereby adding to the invasive species load in these mountain ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to test the competitive abilities between the two grass species at different elevations, which involves a simple field experiment designed to test the competitive interactions between these closely related invasive grass species at a warmer low-elevation site near campus and a cooler high-elevation site in the nearby San Gabriel Mountains. Although data collection lasts from February to May, data analysis from Mid-March has suggested that plants at low elevation have overall higher canopy heights and higher germination rates than their high elevation counterparts.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design and Implementation of a NAND Controller Based on FPGA

In the development of NAND type solid storage system,interface chip directly affects the performance of the storage system,and an independent design of NAND controller is needed in order to maximize the performance of reading and writing. The structure of interface characteristics of NAND Flash and NAND controller is analyzed,the main logic of NAND controller and the common programming commands are described using the state machine,and the state machine logic is realized by the use of FPGA. Simulation test on the NAND main operation command shows that the design meets the requirements of NAND Flash operation timing.

Topic: High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assisted conception

This chapter focuses on the use of assisted conception treatments within a medical, legal and social framework. It seeks to separate the facts from both the ways in which those facts have been interpreted and the ways in which professional practices and social attitudes have developed. Using this framework, some areas are explored in detail – namely, who gets access to these treatments, what happens when a third party is involved through donor-assisted treatment or surrogacy arrangements, and how donor conception and surrogacy families differ, if at all, from biological families. The chapter argues that critical awareness of the social context of developments in assisted conception is essential if professional practices are to be sufficiently reflexive and services sufficiently effective. The separate influences of medical, legal and social frameworks on professionals, service delivery and service users are diluted or reinforced according to how they interweave and intersect in different arenas.

Topic: Reproductive Health and Technologies
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Micro-fabricated Field Emitter Arrays ～For New Applications～

Fabrications of gated field emitter array (FEA), such as Si-FEA and Spindt-type FEA, is overviewed from the conventional method to the latest one. The invention of an etch-back method makes it possible to form the gate electrode on the emitter tip, irrespective of the emitter shape, and also possible to form the multi-stacked gate electrode for beam focusing. A hafnium carbide coating can enhance the electron emission and emission lifetime, significantly. The historical Spindt-type FEA fabrication is also progressing. Using a double-layered photoresist, instead of aluminum parting layer, makes it possible to apply the multi-gate formation even on the Spindt-type FEA. These FEAs are applicable for many kinds of attractive devices, such as ultra-high sensitive image sensor, radiation tolerant electronics, and stationary X-ray source for medical applications.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
para-Hemigossypolone: a sequiterpenoid aldehyde quinone from Gossypium hirsutum

A sesquiterpene aldehyde,para-hemigossypolone (8-formyl-6,7-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone), which inhibits the growth of Heliothis virescens(tobacco budworm), was identified as a constituent of flower buds (squares) from bollworm-resistant cotton (Gossypium).

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Non-infectious sarcoid-like inflammatory granulomatous conditions (NSIGC) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer: Results from the International ICARUS (Immune Checkpoint Associated Rare and Unique Side effects) consortium.

12047 Background: ICIs can be associated with a broad range of toxicities; however, limited data exists on NSIGC secondary to ICIs. Herein, we assembled the first international cohort of patients (pts) with cancer who received ICIs and subsequently developed NSIGC. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 14 institutions globally on pts with cancer who received ICIs between 2015-2025 and subsequently developed biopsy-confirmed NSIGC. Pts were eligible if they received anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) alone or in combination with additional anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted agents or anti-CTLA-4, or if they were treated with other immunotherapies. The chi-squared goodness of fit test was used to analyze the distribution of different ICI regimens and their association with NSIGC, assuming a uniform distribution with an expected frequency of 25 for each of the 5 ICI regimens. Results: The study included 125 pts with biopsy-confirmed NSIGC post-ICI. Of these, 58.4% (n = 73) were male and 83.2% (n = 104) were Caucasians. Median age at cancer diagnosis was 62 years. The top three cancers in the cohort were melanoma (45.6%; n = 57), non-small cell lung cancer (16.8%; n = 21), and renal cell carcinoma (6.4%; n = 8). Out of 125 pts, 48.8% (n = 61) received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, 20% (n = 25) anti-PD-1/PD-L1 + anti-CTLA-4, 17.6% (n = 22) anti-PD-1/PD-L1 + chemotherapy, 8% (n = 10) anti-PD-1/PD-L1 + targeted agents, and 5.6% (n = 7) received other immunotherapies. Our result showed a significant difference between expected and observed NSIGC frequencies across different ICI regimens (X2 = 74.2, df = 4, p &lt; 0.01), indicating a potential association between anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy and NSIGC. The median time to the diagnosis of NSIGC after ICI initiation was 7.1 months (range: 3.9-26.7 months). Of 125 pts, 55.2% (n = 69) were diagnosed after treatment completion. Among these 69 pts, 56.5% (n = 39) were diagnosed within 6 months, 14.5% (n = 10) between 6 months and 1 year, 10.1% (n = 7) between 1 and 2 years, and 18.8% (n = 13) were diagnosed after 2 years. The remaining 44.8% (n = 56) were diagnosed during treatment, out of which 48.2% (n = 27) required permanent treatment discontinuation due to NSIGC and 3.6% (n = 2) were re-challenged. 19.2% (n = 24) received steroid treatment for NSIGC. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest dataset to date demonstrating NSIGC as a rare side effect of ICIs. NSIGC frequently occurs after ICI therapy completion but can also result in ICI discontinuation. Biopsy confirmation is critical to prevent misdiagnosis, and further research is required to elucidate the biology, risk factors, and implications for ICI continuation or rechallenge to optimize patient outcomes.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of subvocal rehearsal and irrelevant speech on mismatch negativity

この論文では，ミスマッチ陰性電位（MMN）に反映される言語特異的な長期的語音痕跡と音韻ループで用いられる言語表象との関連を調べるために，MMNに及ぼす無声のリハーサルと無関連スピーチの影響について調べた。実験1では，8名の成人実験参加者から，純音および語音に対するMMNを記録した。参加者はその記録中，無意味語を繰り返しリハーサルすることを求められるか，ただビデオの映像を見ているかであった。無意味語のリハーサル，つまり構音コントロール過程への負荷は，どのMMNにも影響しなかった。実験2では，12名の実験参加者からMMNを記録した。その記録中に2種類の背景音（ピアノの音，男性の声）を呈示した。無関連スピーチ，すなわち音韻ストアへの妨害によって，背景音なしで記録したMMNに比べて，語音に対するMMNの振幅は減衰したが，純音のMMNは変化しなかった。これらの結果から，言語音に対するMMNの基礎となる神経過程は，言語知覚に密接に関連する音韻ストアにも関与することが示唆された。

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Nurse/patient dependency‐a review of different approaches with particular reference to studies of the dependency of elderly patients

The dependency of elderly patients is the outcome of interaction effects between the patient and his or her environment, and over a protracted stay in hospital, environmental factors can be as influential in determining a patient's dependency as the patient's medical or physical condition. Rigid institutional regimes and inadvertent reinforcement of dependent behaviours by nursing staff appear to play an important part in the development of institutionally induced dependency. Studies of patient dependency which assume that dependency arises largely from the physical or mental condition of the patient lack validity because the major source of variation in nursing activity is seen as an almost mechanistic response to patients' dependency. It is argued that, rather than patient dependency ‘causing’ nursing actions, nursing actions can cause patients to become more or less dependent.

Topic: Psychology of Social Influence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Replication Package of the Paper: "Using Large Language Models for Commit Message Generation: A Preliminary Study"

This replication package contains the evaluation data and script files used in the paper "Using Large Language Models for Commit Message Generation: A Preliminary Study". We provide below a brief description of each folder: experiment_data/human_evaluation: Human evaluation results from two participants. experiment_data/msg: Generated commit messages of each method (baselines & LLMs) and human-written commit messages. script: Evaluation metric script, parallel inference script (for using OpenAI API).

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
International Financial Centers: The World Experience and Russia’s Opportunities

The author assumes that setting the target of creating an international financial center in Russia is caused by the international competition for maximizing national share in value-added chains in modern industries and for human resources capable of creating the value-added. Having analyzed the historical evolution of international financial centers the author opts for pursuing the aim of turning Moscow into the regional center for the CIS, CEE and / or Middle East countries. To achieve it, some measures are proposed, including motivating international companies and banks to transfer their regional headquarters to Moscow.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Examining the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance in Bangladesh

Previous research has studied the impact of corporate governance on bank performance, but only a few aspects of the impact were reported. The present study develops a unique corporate governance index to provide a comprehensivemeasure of corporate governance and examines the relationship between this comprehensive measure and bank performance. We apply the Wilcoxon signed rank test to examine whether the introduction of the Code of CorporateGovernance in Bangladesh has significantly promoted the improvement of corporate governance practices in Bangladeshi banks. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that corporate governance practices of Bangladeshi banks have been significantly improved since the introduction of the code. Further, the present study adopts regression analysis and reveals that the comprehensive measure of corporate governance is not significantly related to Bangladeshi banks’ performance.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences