jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ABCDPlace: Accelerated Batch-Based Concurrent Detailed Placement on Multithreaded CPUs and GPUs

Placement is an important step in modern verylarge-scale integrated (VLSI) designs. Detailed placement is a placement refining procedure intensively called throughout the design flow, thus its efficiency has a vital impact on design closure. However, since most detailed placement techniques are inherently greedy and sequential, they are generally difficult to parallelize. In this article, we present a concurrent detailed placement framework, ABCDPlace, exploiting multithreading and graphic processing unit (GPU) acceleration. We propose batch-based concurrent algorithms for widely adopted sequential detailed placement techniques, such as independent set matching, global swap, and local reordering. The experimental results demonstrate that ABCDPlace can achieve 2× -5× faster runtime than sequential implementations with multithreaded CPU and over 10× with GPU on ISPD 2005 contest benchmarks without quality degradation. On larger industrial benchmarks, we show more than 16× speedup with GPU over the state-of-the-art sequential detailed placer. ABCDPlace finishes the detailed placement of a 10-million-cell industrial design in 1 min.

Topic: VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ololaelaps Berlese 1904

Genus Ololaelaps Berlese Ololaelaps Berlese, 1904: 260. Type species Laelaps venetus Berlese, 1903, by original designation. Differential diagnosis. Hypoaspidinae mites usually with a genito-ventro-anal shield (hologastric shield), with six pairs of setae (excluding three circum-anal setae), with four pairs of setae in addition to genital setae st5; peritrematal shields and metapodal plates sometimes fused to hologastric shield (diagnostic character at species level); epistome with irregularly serrated anterior margin; hypostomal groove narrow, with six rows of denticles each bearing few deniticles; palp tarsal claw with three pointed tines of unequal length, proximal tine shortest; genu IV with nine setae including one ventral seta; dorsal shield often with paired Zx setae between J and Z setae, unpaired Jx setae also often present.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A significantion and meaning of Geomunoreum as a representative geosite of global Geoparks

제주도는 2010년에 섬 전체가 세계지질공원으로 지정되었으며 현재 한라산, 성산일출봉, 만장굴과 같은 세계유산지역을 포함하여 수월봉, 산방산, 용머리해안 등 총 12곳의 대표명소가 지정되어 있다. 거문오름은 거문오름용암동굴계의 모체가 되는 화산으로, 용암동굴계의 형성과정을 이해하는데 중요한 단서를 제공하며, 수직굴을 비롯하여 다양한 용암지형이 잘 보존되어 있어 지질학적으로 중요한 가치를 가지고 있다. 또한 독특한 지형과 기후의 영향으로 식나무, 붓순나무 등의 희귀식물이 군락을 이루고 있으며, 제주족제비, 큰오색딱따구리 등 제주를 대표하는 다양한 동식물들이 서식하고 있는 생태계의 보고이다. 뿐만 아니라 숯가마터를 비롯하여 태평양 전쟁 당시 만들어진 병참도로와 갱도진지, 4·3유적지 등 역사·문화적으로도 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. 거문오름은 이러한 다양한 가치를 인정받아 2007년에 세계자연유산에 등재 되었으며, 지질공원 대표명소로 충분한 자격을 갖춘 지역이다. 따라서 향후 세계유산이 지향하는 보존적 측면과 지질공원이 추구하는 활용적 측면 사이에서 균형을 잘 맞추어 나간다면, 거문오름은 지질공원이 추구하는 훌륭한 모범사례가 될 것으로 생각된다.

Topic: Geotourism and Geoheritage Conservation
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development and research of non-contact starting devices for electric consumers and motors

This article presents the analysed information about power consumers and electric motor starters in order to ensure the reliable operation of the power supply system, which is relevant today. Disadvantages of contact starters used for small power electric motors in the power supply system and advantages of non-contact starters are given. In addition, it is based on the creation of additional opportunities when using this device, that is, it creates opportunities for protection and automatic control. Contactless starters are recommended for some heavy-duty electric motors. The article describes these cases in details.

Topic: Engineering and Agricultural Innovations
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Orchestrating Customer-Oriented Public-Private Ecosystem

Abstract The way public procurers interact with the supply market is developing from purely transactional towards more resource focused and collaborative exchanges. Still, what seems to be missing in the public procurement culture is knowledge of how to connect to a wider network of resource providers. We do not have adequate understanding about customer orientation in public sector, nor about customer-centric ecosystem. This is especially true in public health services; systems that are under huge transformation. In this paper, we have followed that development to understand: How can public health care transformation towards customer-oriented ecosystems be orchestrated? We had a unique opportunity to follow the renewal of the healthcare system in Finland, having access to interview those involved in planning the system. In total 17 in-depth interviews enabled us to create understanding of this challenge.

Topic: Open Source Software Innovations
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microneedle-Assisted, DC-Targeted Codelivery of pTRP-2 and Adjuvant of Paclitaxel for Transcutaneous Immunotherapy

This work aims at developing an immunotherapeutic strategy to deliver a cancer DNA vaccine targeting dendritic cells (DCs), to trigger their maturation and antitumor function, and reduce immune escape using a polymeric nanocomplex of paclitaxel (PTX)-encapsulated sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE)/mannosylated N,N,N-trimethylchitosan (mTMC)/DNA. To enhance DC-targeting and revoke immunosuppression is the major challenge for eliciting effective antitumor immunity. This codelivery system is characterized by using low-dose PTX as an adjuvant that is included inside SBE, and the PTX/SBE further serves as an anionic crosslinker to self-assemble with the cationic mTMC/DNA polyplexes. This system is used in combination with a microneedle for transcutaneous vaccination. Once penetrating into the epidermis, the mannosylated nanocomplexes would preferentially deliver the pTRP-2 DNA vaccine inside the DCs. Phenotypic maturation is demonstrated by the increased expression of costimulatory molecules of CD80 and CD86, and the elevated secretion of IL-12p70. The mixed leucocyte reactions reveal that the PTX/SBE-mTMC/DNA nanocomplexes enhance the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and inhibit the generation of immune-suppressive FoxP3+ T cells. The system shows high antitumor efficacy in vivo. The PTX/SBE-mTMC/DNA nanocomplexes for DC-targeted codelivery of DNA vaccine and adjuvant PTX yield synergistic effects on the DC maturation and its presenting functions, thus increasing immune stimulation and reducing immune escape.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Age-Dependent Effects of Yolkin on Contact Sensitivity and Immune Phenotypes in Juvenile Mice

Yolkin, an egg yolk immunoregulatory protein, stimulates the humoral but inhibits the cellular immune response in adult mice. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of yolkin administration on the immune response using a model of juvenile, i.e., 28-day- and 37-day-old, mice. We examined the yolkin influence on the magnitude of the cellular immune response, which was determined as contact sensitivity (CS) to oxazolone (OXA), and the humoral immune response, which was determined as the antibody response to ovalbumin (OVA). Yolkin was administered in drinking water, followed by immunization with OXA or OVA. In parallel, the phenotypic changes in the lymphoid organs were determined following yolkin treatment and prior immunization. The results showed that yolkin had a stimulatory effect on CS in the mice treated with yolkin from the 37th day of life but not from the 28th day of life. In contrast, no regulatory effect of yolkin on antibody production was found in 28-day- and 37-day-old mice. Phenotypic studies revealed significant changes in the content of B cells and T cell subpopulations, including CD4+CD25+Foxp3 regulatory T cells. The association between the effects of yolkin on the magnitude of CS and phenotypic changes in main T- and B-cell compartments, as well the importance of changes in T-regulatory and CD8+ cells in the age categories, are discussed. We conclude that the immunoregulatory effects of yolkin on the generation of CS in mice are age dependent and change from stimulation in juvenile to suppression in adult mice.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Distinguishing Between Depression and Dementia in Older Persons: Neuropsychological and Neuropathological Correlates

Dementia and depression are frequently comorbid among older adult patients. Depression is related to cognitive decrement and can even represent the first signs of a neurodegenerative process. It can be difficult to distinguish depressed patients exhibiting the first signs of dementia from those whose cognition will improve with treatment. In this article, studies from the neuropsychological literature are reviewed that aid in accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, the relationship between depression and dementia is explored by examining potential neurobiological mechanisms that may potentiate both syndromes in the context of the ongoing debate on depression as a prodrome and/or a risk factor for dementia. This article is concluded with suggestions for clinicians when deciding who to refer for neuropsychological assessment and with ideas for further research that might promote a better understanding of the complex association between depression and dementia during old age. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2007;20:189-198)

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Defective object clitic paradigms and the relation between language development and loss

Through an investigation of morphologically defective pronominal object paradigms in a number of northern Italian dialects, this article offers a reflection on the relation between the development and the loss of linguistic items based on the reconstruction of the possible diachronic path that has led to the current situation. The paper sets out to achieve two objectives. First, it presents a detailed description of the peculiarities of the object clitic paradigm in the northern Italian dialects and places them within the wider Romance context. Secondly, it discusses and evaluates the way the processes of emergence and loss of linguistic items relate to one another, with specific reference to what appears to be a more general hierarchy operative in languages, the Referential Hierarchy (Silverstein 1976, Comrie 1981, and many others).

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Amorphous-dominated MgO hollow spheres enhanced fluoride adsorption: Mechanism analysis and machine learning prediction

Amorphous-dominated magnesium oxide hollow spheres (A-MgO) were prepared using a spray-drying method in this study. These hollow spheres exhibited excellent sphericity, large specific surface areas, and abundant porosity. A-MgO exhibited outstanding fluoride adsorption properties, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 260.4 mg/g. When the pH value was less than 8, the fluoride removal percentage remained more than 87.4%. Moreover, the removal percentage remained above 75% even after five application cycles. In addition, the research revealed that SO42−, CO32−, and PO43− exerted a more pronounced effect on fluoride removal, whereas coexisting ions such as Br−, Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3− had minimal impact on this process. An in-depth analysis of the adsorption mechanism demonstrated that the process of fluoride adsorption by A-MgO involves various synergistic mechanisms, such as electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, oxygen vacancy adsorption, physical adsorption, and pore filling. To predict the fluoride ion adsorption performance of A-MgO under complex conditions, a high-performance machine learning model, GBDT-S, was developed using hyperparameter optimization. The R2 of 0.99 and 0.80 for the training and testing datasets, respectively, with the RMSE of 3.26 and 3.89. Interpretative analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations technology indicated that reaction time, PO43− concentration, and pH were key factors influencing the fluoride ion removal percentage.

Topic: Fluoride Effects and Removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>N</i>-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetyl)-<i>N</i>′-(4-nitrophenyl)thiourea

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C15H11Cl2N3O4S, there are two intra­molecular N—H⋯O and one C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and a weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond.

Topic: Crystal structures of chemical compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kalven Jr., Harry. <i>The </i>New York Times<i> Case: A Note on “The Central Meaning of the First Amendment,”</i> 1964 <scp>Sup</scp>. <scp>Ct</scp>. <scp>Rev</scp>. 191

Imagining an America in which officials in the highest positions of federal government support laws that criminalize the speech of their critics is not difficult. Not only were such laws passed in ...

Topic: Law, Rights, and Freedoms
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
High-Efficiency Power Conditioning System for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Modules

This paper presents a high-efficiency power conditioning system (PCS) for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) modules. The proposed PCS consists of a step-up DC-DC converter and a single-phase DC-AC inverter for the grid-connected PV modules. A soft-switching step-up DC-DC converter is proposed to generate a high DC-link voltage from the low PV module voltage with a high-efficiency. A DC-link voltage controller is presented for constant DC-link voltage regulation. A half-bridge inverter is used for the single-phase DC-AC inverter for grid connection. A grid current controller is suggested to supply PV electrical power to the power grid with a unity power factor. Experimental results are obtained from a 180 W grid-connected PV module system using the proposed PCS. The proposed PCS achieves a high power efficiency of 93.0 % with an unity power factor for a 60 Hz / 120 Vrms AC power grid.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
MBON POLE TO POLE: ROCKY SHORE BIODIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

The MBON Pole to Pole effort seeks to develop a framework for the collection, use and sharing of marine biodiversity data in a coordinated, standardized manner leveraging on existing infrastructure managed by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS; IOC-UNESCO), the GEO Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). The MBON Pole to Pole aims to become a key resource for decision-making and management of living resource across countries in the Americas for reporting requirements under the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Aichi Targets of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This collection corresponds to the species registered on intertidal rocky shores of Massachusetts, using the MBON Pole to Pole sampling protocol for Rocky Shores, with funding from the National Science Foundation (OCE-1635989)

Topic: Marine and coastal plant biology
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE CHRONOLOGY OF QASR EL-BINT, PETRA: DISCUSSION AND NEW RADIOCARBON DATES

The chronological reconstruction of Petra monuments is a challenge since typically they lack written inscriptions and most inscriptions discovered are in secondary contexts. The chronology of Qasr el-Bint, the main temple of Petra, has been debated for decades and the question remains unanswered. This work aims at better understanding the chronology of the Qasr el-Bint by radiocarbon dating wood wedges discovered between the stones of its walls. According to the radiocarbon results, a terminus post quem of the beginning of the first century ad might be assigned for the construction of the Qasr contradicting the earlier chronologies that depended on inscriptions out of context as shown by the recent excavations in the Temenos. This conclusion is supported by the similarity of the architectural decorations of the Qasr to the Khazneh, recently dated to the late years of Aretas IV or later, which probably implies a similar date to the Qasr.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Histopathological observation of the crucian carp Carassius auratus with infected leech Limnotrachelobdella sinensis by scanning electron microscope

충북 청원군 병천천에서 채집된 시료 중 붕어 5마리에서 모두 거머리가 관찰되었고, 잉어는 10마리 중 5마리에서 거머리의 기생이 확인되었다. 잉어에서의 거머리 기생은 국내에서 처음으로 확인되었다. 붕어 아가미는 거머리의 흡혈로 인하여 새엽 상피세포의 증가, 새판에 존재하는 모세혈관의 확장, 새판 일부분과 새엽이 소실, 새판 상피세포들은 수종변성(hydrophic degeneration), 울혈, 새판 및 새엽 상피세포의 증식 등이 관찰되었다. SEM으로 관찰한 결과 새판이 인접하는 새판과 점진적으로 융합되어, 결국은 새엽 하나가 원통모양으로 변형되었다. 또한, 붕어 아가미 새엽의 자유면에 존재하는 미세융기의 부분적인 파괴가 관찰되었다. 새엽 상피층이 파괴된 부분에는 연골기질이 외부로 노출되었고, 그 주변에는 다수의 혈구들이 산재하고 있었다. L. sinensis의 18S rRNA 분석은 형태학적 분류와 일치하지 않았다. All of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus and 50% of common carp. Cyprinus carpio examined in this study were infected with the leeches, Limnotrachelobdella sinensis. Especially, the infection of C. carpio with L. sinensis was the first report in Korea. The gill of C. auratus showed increased hydrophic degeneration of epithelial cell in the filament, blood congestion, hyperplasia of epithelial cell in the filament and lamellae. In the SEM observation, gill filament was transformed to the cylinder form by the lamellae fusion. The lamellae surface showed degeneration, fragmentation of microridges. The extracellular cartilaginous matrix of the filaments was exposed by the collapse of epidermal layer. In the 18S rRNA analysis of L. sinensis, the relationships among these groups are not clear and not concord with their morphological classification.

Topic: Leech Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mating behavior of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and cloning and characterization of its p-cresol utilizing genes.

The genes encoding the toluene degradative pathway of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 were found to be chromosomally encoded and could be transferred by conjugation from the chromosome of strain KR1 to the chromosome of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas putida recipient. The transferred genes enabled the recipients to metabolize toluene, p-cresol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzoate. The Toluene$\sp+$ recipients were able to transfer the genes encoding toluene metabolism only when sex-factor was provided in trans. The genes encoding the metabolism of toluene to protocatechuate, the ring cleavage substrate, in P. mendocina KR1 were found to be organized into three separately regulated units: one encoding toluene-4-monooxygenase; a second encoding p-cresol methylhydroxylase and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase; and a third encoding p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. The genes encoding p-cresol methylhydroxylase and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase were organized as an operon, in which the gene encoding p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase was transcribed first, followed by transcription of the genes encoding p-cresol methylhydroxylase. The operon was regulated by a positively-acting regulator. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was detected in Escherichia coli under control of the tac promoter; however, p-cresol methylhydroxylase was detected only in P. aeruginosa and not in E. coli. The gene encoding p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from strain KR1 was also cloned and was regulated independent of the genes encoding p-cresol methylhydroxylase, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, or toluene-4-monooxygenase. The toluene metabolizing pathway of strain KR1 could have been assembled through the acquisition of the individual genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway. The genes encoding the pathway are sufficiently linked to permit mobilization of the genes to other Pseudomonas species. The ability to mobilize genes encoding a catabolic pathway and the expression of those genes in different genetic backgrounds permits the dissemination of that pathway within a microbial community and the rapid adaptation of the microbial community for substate metabolism.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Job-Stress Worker-Strain Relationship Moderated by Off-the-Job Experience

The present study examined the role that off-the-job stressors play in the job-stress worker-strain relationship. A sample of 72 managers was administered a social readjustment scale for life-stress off the job, a job-stress rating scale, and measures of job satisfaction, depressed mood, psychosomatic complaints, and severity of physical illness. Analysis indicated that stressors combine in a multiplicative fashion to produce strain for workers; only the combined and interacting pressures of nonwork stress and work stress created strain in the worker. The application of these findings in the industrial setting is discussed; suggestions are made concerning the possibility that some factors in off-the-job experience buffer the individual from stress at work.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Melville and the Idea of Blackness

By examining the unique problems that &amp;apos;blackness&amp;apos; signifies in Moby-Dick, Pierre, &amp;apos;Benito Cereno&amp;apos; and &amp;apos;The Encantadas&amp;apos;, Christopher Freeburg analyzes how Herman Melville grapples with the social realities of racial difference in nineteenth-century America. Where Melville&amp;apos;s critics typically read blackness as either a metaphor for the haunting power of slavery or an allegory of moral evil, Freeburg asserts that blackness functions as the site where Melville correlates the sociopolitical challenges of transatlantic slavery and US colonial expansion with philosophical concerns about mastery. By focusing on Melville&amp;apos;s iconic interracial encounters, Freeburg reveals the important role blackness plays in Melville&amp;apos;s portrayal of characters&amp;apos; arduous attempts to seize their own destiny, amass scientific knowledge and perfect themselves. A valuable resource for scholars and graduate students in American literature, this text will also appeal to those working in American, African American and postcolonial studies.

Topic: Literature: history, themes, analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences