jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Modern Industrialized Dietary Sodium Intake on the Plasma Proteome

Abstract BACKGROUND High dietary sodium intake is associated with cardiovascular disease. We investigated the influence of sodium intake on the plasma proteome. METHODS Prospectively recruited normotensive participants underwent 2 controlled dietary sodium interventions to evaluate hormonal and proteomic (1,512 proteins) changes: sodium-restriction resembling ancestral hunter-gatherer intake (~10 mEq/day, ~230 mg/day) and sodium-loading resembling modern industrialized intake (~200 mEq/day, ~4,600 mg/day). Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained after each diet. Plasma proteomic changes were assessed with correction for false discovery. RESULTS Participants achieved a 24-h urinary sodium excretion of 16 mEq/L when sodium-restricted and 249 mEq/L when sodium-loaded. Thirty-eight proteins displayed statistically significant changes with 15 additional proteins exhibiting notable trends that did not reach statistical significance. The most apparent changes were increases in proteins related to fibrosis and the extracellular matrix (ECM) when sodium-loaded, whereas sodium-restriction increased proteins related to immune/inflammatory pathways and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-kallikrein-kinin system (KKS)-complement pathway. NT-proBNP, FUMH (fumarate hydratase), LKHA4 (leukotriene A(4) hydrolase), COFA1 (collagen alpha-1(V) chain), COF2 (cofilin-2), BMP-4, and TGF-β RIII had the greatest increases when sodium-loaded, whereas renin, thrombin, apo A-1 (apolipoprotein A-1), FABPA (fatty acid binding protein), and LEAP-1 (hepcidin) had the greatest increases when sodium-restricted. CONCLUSIONS When compared to a sodium-restricted diet resembling ancestral intake, the modern industrialized dietary sodium intake increased proteins related to fibrosis and the ECM, and decreased proteins related to the RAS, KKS, immunity, and inflammation. These findings in normotensive people provide an atlas of proteomic changes, and biological pathways, that may contribute to hypertension and other sodium-related disorders.

Topic: Sodium Intake and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Basic and clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis.

The history of atopic dermatitis is replete with many disparate theories. The most enduring is the allergic causation theory but definitive, convincing evidence remains elusive. Elevated IgE synthesis is well established and reflects abnormal immune regulation. The basic mechanism for the regulatory defect remains conjectural. Cellular immune functions, including delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, in vitro lymphocyte transformation and chemotaxis are reduced in atopic dermatitis. However, these abnormalities fluctuate with the clinical condition and may be secondary phenomena. A number of physiologic and pharmacologic abnormalities in atopic dermatitis are not clearly understood. Recent studies of patients leukocytes have shown that the diminished cyclic AMP responses are a consequence of increased catabolism by elevated cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase. This high enzyme activity correlates well with elevated IgE synthesis and histamine release by cultured leukocytes. Both of these functions can be reduced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vitro. These new investigations provide fresh insight into the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and offer possible new therapeutic approaches. Basic studies of biochemical abnormalities may help define the defective molecular site that accounts for the many immune and physiologic abnormalities that have been described in atopic dermatitis and the other atopic conditions.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of the effect of the size of the initial nickel powder on the structure formation of the mixture during mechanical activation of titanium and nickel

Abstract The structure and morphology of the mechanoactivated powder mixture has significant impact on the process of further synthesis. In this paper, the influence of the sizes of the initial powders on the formation of the structure of the mechanoactivated powder mixture during mechanical activation and the formation of layered agglomerates in the powder mixture of titanium and nickel is studied. The evolution of the formation of the size and density of layered agglomerates with the participation of both small and large nickel powder after different times of mechanical activation is studied. The study showed that the mechanical activation process leads to the formation of layered agglomerates and an increase in activity, which is associated with an increase in the contact surface of dissimilar particles, the number of defects. It is established that the use of initial nickel of different dispersion contributes to the formation of different structure of mechanoactivated powder mixture.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Chimeric Molecules That Degrade the Estrogen Receptor Using Decoy Oligonucleotide Ligands

Targeted protein degradation using chimeric small molecules, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and specific and nongenetic inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP)-dependent protein erasers (SNIPERs), has attracted attention as a method for degrading intracellular target proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). These chimeric molecules target a variety of proteins using small molecules that can bind to the proteins. However, it is difficult to develop such degraders in the absence of suitable small-molecule ligands for the target proteins, such as for transcription factors (TFs). Therefore, we constructed the chimeric molecule <b>LCL-ER(dec)</b>, which consists of a decoy oligonucleotide that can bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and an IAP ligand, LCL161 (LCL), in a click reaction. <b>LCL-ER(dec)</b> was found to selectively degrade ERα via the UPS. These findings will be applicable to the development of other oligonucleotide-type degraders that target different TFs.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Jan Willis: Duhkha and Enlightenment

Janice Dean Willis is professor of Religious Studies at Wesleyan University. She was born in 1948, in Docena, Alabama to Dorothy and Oram Willis. She has one sister: Sandra Williams. As a fifteen-year-old, she marched with Martin Luther King Jr. during the Birmingham campaign of 1963. Though reared in the Baptist Church, she fell in love with Buddhism while a college student. Jan graduated from Cornell University in 1969. She flirted with the Black Panther Party before pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University. Jan received a Ph.D. in Indic and Buddhist Studies in 1976. Initially, she struggled with her choice to become a Tibetan Buddhist rather than a Black Panther. Jan has never married and has no children. In addition to her scholarly texts, she is the author of an autobiography entitled Dreaming Me: From Baptist to Buddhist, One Women's Spiritual Journey (2001). Her mother once told Jan that she reminded her of Malcolm X.KeywordsBlack WomanBlack PeopleCaste SystemWhite SupremacyBlack PersonThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Flow maldistribution and its effect on the thermal performance of miniaturized devices: A perspective from thermal boundary condition

Owing to their high compactness, high-pressure resistance and superior heat transfer capability, compact heat exchangers and microchannel heat sinks are an integral part and play an important role in advanced hydrogen energy systems. In such miniaturized devices, numerous unit channels are typically installed in the core region between the inlet and outlet manifolds, resulting in fluid flow maldistribution which affects the thermal performance of the device. This review focuses on single-phase flow maldistribution and its effects on the thermal performance of miniaturized devices under typical thermal boundary conditions. An exhaustive literature review reveals that a popular belief within this research field is that lower flow maldistribution improves thermal performance. As a result of this belief, a large number of experimental studies were conducted under adiabatic condition. Further, methods developed to mitigate maldistribution were used regardless of the thermal boundary conditions. However, quantitative comparisons between these studies reveal that the relationship between maldistribution and thermal performance is non-linear, as maldistribution does not invariably cause negative effects and can even enhance the thermal performance under certain circumstances if properly utilized. None of the existing parameters adequately reflect this complex relationship. Finally, countermeasures against maldistribution are recommended depending on the specific thermal boundary conditions, and future research needs are outlined.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recognising of repetitive and stereotyped movements for children with autism spectrum disorder

People with autism often engage in stereotyped and repetitive motor movements. Hence, our aim is to put out a smart video surveillance system that facilitates the diagnosis of autism for doctors. In this respect, we propose an automatic stereotypical motor movement detection system in real time. Firstly, we use the Kinect sensor to monitor the child's with autism movements. Secondly, we propose a data integration process to make the provided data from Kinect sensor more comprehensive and specific. Thirdly, we perform the gesture detection by using the well know machine learning algorithms such as decision tree, artificial neural network and nearest neighbour. The obtained result is very promising and shows that the data integration step enhances the gesture recognition. The experimental results show that our system can achieve above 99.8% recognition rate. Also, we evaluate the efficiency of different machine learning algorithms in recognition tasks.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Evolution of incommensurate spin order with magnetic field and temperature in the itinerant antiferromagnet GdSi

GdSi exhibits spin-density-wave (SDW) order arising from the cooperative interplay of sizeable local moments and a partially nested Fermi sea of itinerant electrons. Using magnetotransport, magnetization, and nonresonant magnetic x-ray diffraction techniques, we determine the H-T phase diagrams of GdSi for magnetic fields up to 21 T, where antiferromagnetic order is no longer stable, and field directions along each of the three major crystal axes. While the incommensurate magnetic ordering vector that characterizes the SDW is robust under magnetic field, the multiple spin structures of this compound are highly flexible and rotate relative to the applied field via either canting or spin-flop processes. The antiferromagnetic spin densities always arrange themselves transverse to the applied magnetic field direction. The phase diagrams are delineated by two types of phase boundaries: one separates a collinear from a planar spin structure associated with a lattice structural transition, and the other defines a spin flop transition that is only weakly temperature dependent. The major features of the phase diagrams along each of the crystal axes can be explained by the combination of local moment and global Fermi surface physics at play.

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Remote Area Indigenous Psychiatry: Not your usual Day at the Office

Objective: To describe the development since 2001 of visiting psychiatric services for the very remotely located indigenous communities in South Australia. Conclusions: The South Australian experience indicates that visiting psychiatric services can be provided in a sustainable and culturally appropriate manner for the benefit of Aboriginal people who live in the remotest places in Australia. These services are an important part of the broader response by the health sector to the mental and physical health needs of indigenous Australians. The work is professionally rewarding for clinicians.

Topic: Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diagnosis of Brain Death and Management of Brain Death Organ Donor

The cause of the state of the patient should be finite. For the purpose of this, the patient should have corroborating laboratory investigation, examination findings and imaging results. For example in the case of intra-cerebral bleed the CT of the brain should show the presence of large intra-cerebral bleed for which no surgery can be offered for meaningful improvement, or in case of poisoning the level of the poison should be established.

Topic: Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Varying N, P, K, Mg, and Ca Concentrations on Nitrogen Transport in Xylem Sap of Rice Plants

The nutrients absorbed in the plant roots are transported to the shoots through the xylem. The effects of concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca in a culture solution on N transport forms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, rice plants were grown with five concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca for three days, and the concentrations of major N compounds in the xylem sap were determined. In the control plants, nitrate, glutamine, and asparagine were the principal N compounds. The concentrations of nitrate, glutamine, and asparagine decreased consistently with a decrease in the N concentration in the culture solution. Different P concentrations did not affect the N components. With lower K concentrations, only the nitrate concentration decreased. While the glutamine and asparagine concentrations decreased with a decrease in the Mg concentration. The Ca concentration did not affect the N concentration, except for Ca deprivation. The citrate and malate concentrations markedly increased when the plants grew with an N-free solution due to regulating the cation-anion balance. The results of this study indicate that changes in the concentrations of N, K, Mg, and Ca affected the concentrations of N transport forms, especially nitrate, glutamine, and asparagine.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tutorial paper: Parallel architectures for model predictive control

This tutorial paper surveys recent developments in parallel computer architecture, focusing on the field-programmable gate array and the graphics processor. We aim to illustrate the potential of these architectures for the type of high-speed numerical computation required in on-line optimization for model predictive control. While significant performance advantages can be gained by migrating existing control algorithms to these processor architectures, in order to realise their full potential, further research is needed at the boundary of control theory, digital electronics, and computer architecture. We survey some of the open questions in this area.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
“A Change of Identity”: The First Doctor, Costume and the Perils of Time Travel

The costumed body of the first Doctor (Who) is redolent of class, professional authority and Empire, antithetical to consumer modernity and revisionist history, a constative BBC voice during 1960s change. Yet being the Doctor is a contingent, a bricoleur identity (Levi-Strauss, 1962) put together on the run, proclaimed through dress (Lurie, 1983) and the performative dramatization of the body (Butler 1990), thus promoting the kind of speech act that Austin (1962) describes as perilous. Transient writing teams, and shifting costume priorities in serving narrative, genre and spectacle, add to the ‘self’-contradictions of the costumed body, materialising as historical-camouflage (anonymity) and future-relief (visibility), rematerializing in new ethical and discursive reception contexts. This paper addresses these costume tensions by matching close textual analysis, one that contests the marginalized authorship of the designer (Britton, 1999), with a reception-based approach where the instability has implications for the matrix of performance (October, 2015) between actor and character (Schechner, 1985) and for the audience. William Hartnell (1908-1975) was hardly a fashion icon – costume designer Maureen Heneghan recalls he requested a cloth cap for the role (Drummond, 2015) – yet his star image (Dyer, 1997/2004) informs the character’s reception (Warner, 2014) while the programme’s seriality (Creeber, 2005), means his TARDIS serves as a metaphor for the domestic wardrobe (October, 2014).

Topic: Fashion and Cultural Textiles
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The development of necrotizing lymphadenitis and aseptic meningitis in the course of mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD): A case report.

不明熱,肝機能障害にて発症し,経過観察中にレイノー症状,手指腫脹,関節痛が出現,さらに壊死性リンパ節炎,無菌性髄膜炎を併発した混合性結合組織病(MCTD)の13歳男児例を経験した.患児はspeckled patternを示す抗核抗体が徐々に陽性化し, extractable nucler antigen (ENA)抗体のnuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP)抗体も次第に高力価を示した.壊死性リンパ節炎は原疾患に伴う可能性が示唆されたが,無菌性髄膜炎はたまたま合併したウイルス感染により引き起こされた可能性が高いものと思われた.

Topic: Lymphadenopathy Diagnosis and Analysis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[2-stage exchange in the treatment of infected knee prosthesis].

We report our experience with the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasties with a two-stage procedure during the period between 1992 and 1995. The two-stage procedure as a cure for infected total knee arthroplasty is a reliable and reproducible method of treatment. The infection healed in 86% of cases, and all patients with a follow-up of more than 1 year were satisfied with the result achieved. Also the objective values proved that the outcome of this severe complication of total knee arthroplasty was favorable. The two-stage exchange procedure is recommended as the treatment of choice for infected total knee arthroplasty wherever possible.

Topic: Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanisms of Crop Loss Due to Weed Competition

This book focuses on the effects of biotic stress on crop yield loss. In Chapter 12 we outlined a number of methods for quantifying the effects of weed interference on crop yield. In this context, it was important to use the term interference because experiments designed to show a relationship between crop yield and weed population density have not typically included methods of evaluating the cause of any observed yield reduction. In other words, although the yield reduction was likely caused by stress, the cause of that stress is unknown. It is possible that the loss was caused because the weed species under study acted as a trap crop for insects that subsequently caused stress through, for example, defoliation. Granted, most researchers interested in the effects of the weed would manage their experiment to eliminate such factors. However, the point is that if the stress was not quantified, it is impossible to say what actually caused the observed crop loss. Therefore, questions that need to be addressed include (1) how do weeds cause stress, and (2) how do we quantify the influence of this stress on crop yield?

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Documenting and sharing scientific research over the semantic web

Scientific team members often publish datasets, posters, workflows, and publications at different locations over the Web. If they were to share their information structured and linked over the Semantic Web, they could take advantage of the benefits of automated search, integration and reasoning. Despite producing related information, helping scientists annotate and link information related to a particular research effort on the Semantic Web can be a challenge. What is difficult to track is an overall understanding about the results of the team, e.g., publications, datasets, discussions, etc., the implicit relationships about those results and the resources involved in obtaining them. Having this information might help to understand and contextualize results, e.g., knowing when a publication located in a publication Website describes a dataset published at a data management site, as well as enable automated processing on the information as a whole. This paper will discuss a methodology to guide the process of documenting research efforts and sharing them over the Semantic Web as semi-structured inter-related collections. We have implemented this methodology as the CI-Server Framework to facilitate sharing research information for scientific groups at the Cyber-ShARE Research Center of Excellence. This approach facilitates and promotes documenting research efforts early in the research process, as opposed to being performed as a step subsequent to research, when information may be forgotten or lost.

Topic: Scientific Computing and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cellular Differentiation of Sucrose Metabolism in Anabaena variabilis

Abstract Upon treatment of whole filaments of Anabaena variabilis with a French pressure cell, the activity of sucrose synthase (UDP glucose; D-fructose 2-α-ᴅ-glucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.13) was found to be associated almost exclusively with the vegetative cells. The sucrose-cleaving enzyme, an alkaline invertase (β-ᴅ-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26), appears to be localized solely within the heterocysts. The implications of these findings, in the light of relevant data from the literature, are summarized in a model representing the physiological differentiation and molecular exchange between vegetative cells and heterocysts.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Asian American drama : 9 plays from the multiethnic landscape

(Applause Books). Includes: Amy Hill: Tokyo Bound; David Henry Hwang: Bondage; Velina Hasu Houston: As Sometimes in a Dead Man's Face; Lane Nishikawa and Victor Talmadge: The Gate of Heaven; Dwight Okita: The Rainy Season .

Topic: Asian American and Pacific Histories
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Environmental sustainability in management: existing conditions and guidance for action

Abstract In this study, the authors substantiate the need for introducing environmentally sustainable management (as a measure of sustainable development) into the public administration system of a separate state using the example of Russia. For this, the authors analyzed the primary sources that establish the legal framework for sustainable development and sustainable management. The indicators of environmental pollution in dynamics were also studied, the results obtained were critically assessed from the standpoint of determining the causes of the ecological state. Identified internal threats to the formation of environmental sustainability, which generally hinder the achievement of the planned goals of sustainable development. In conclusion, measures are proposed to introduce environmental friendliness into the structure of public administration.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences