jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CASE REPORTS Chlamydia Pneumoniae Respiratory Infection

A case of respiratory infection in a child due to Chlamydia pneumoniae is reported. The diagnosis was made by the detection of chlamydial antigen in the tracheal secretion and a significant increase in C. pneumoniae antibody titre. The infection responded well to erythromycin therapy. Key words: C. pneumoniae

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Burden of Mental Disorders

Abstract This chapter briefly describes the features of seventeen major mental disorders and summarizes current data on the burden of disease associated with each. Key diagnostic features of six selected disorders are based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This review expands upon the range of mental disorders considered in the Global Burden of Disease study, updates the literature, and provides information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden. To the extent possible, the chapter builds on existing reviews that most often focused on a single disorder. The examination of prevalence for each disorder presents essential summary data, including the number of studies conducted, the median prevalence or relative risk, and the interquartile range.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Comprehensive income taxation, investments in human and physical capital, and productivity

This paper analyses the implications of the comprehensive income tax for the accumulation of human and physical capital and for the overall productivity level of the economy. A comprehensive income tax, applying to both labour income and capital income, is shown to discriminate against investments in human capital relative to investments in physical capital. It has an adverse impact on human capital accumulation and lowers productivity.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Selenide Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were deposited by a simple and inexpensive chemical bath deposition (CBD). The films were deposited using cadmium nitrate as a Cd2+ ion source and sodium selenosulfate as a Se2− ion source. The films were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, optical absorption and electrical measurements. The values of the optical band gap energy. Eg, calculated from the absorption spectra, ranged between 1.70 and 1.83 eV. The room temperature resistivity was found to be 12×107Ω‐cm. The activation energy is found to be 0.34 eV.

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Savoring Belief, Resilience, and Meaning in Life as Pathways to Happiness: A Sequential Mediation Analysis among Taiwanese University Students

In recent decades, scholarly interest has grown in the psychological components of happiness. Savoring belief, or the capacity to attend to, appreciate, and enhance the positive experiences in one’s life, along with resilience and meaning in life, have emerged as significant predictors of enhanced happiness among diverse populations. This research examined the interrelationships among savoring belief, resilience, meaning in life, and happiness. A sample of 561 students from 75 universities in Taiwan, comprising 361 female and 200 male participants with an average age of 20.88 years, participated in an online survey. The study employed various instruments, including the Savoring Belief Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. These instruments were translated into Traditional Chinese using a back-translation method and subsequently validated for accuracy by specialists in the field. Analysis of the data using Hayes’ PROCESS Model 6 revealed several key insights: (1) savoring belief positively influenced happiness, resilience, and meaning in life with resilience further enhancing happiness and meaning in life; (2) resilience served as a significant mediator in the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (3) meaning in life significantly mediated the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (4) a sequential mediation model illustrated the mediating effects of resilience and meaning in life on the relationship between savoring belief and happiness. This study illustrates that, much like a garden requires water, sunlight, and care to flourish, our happiness is cultivated through enhancing our ability to savor the good moments, rebound from challenges, and find deep significance in our lives. We can significantly boost well-being by fostering these qualities—savoring belief, resilience, and a sense of meaning. These findings are particularly relevant for educators, highlighting the critical need to develop these traits in students to promote greater happiness and fulfillment in their lives. Discussions included theoretical implications, educational implications, and avenues for future research.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Derivatives of functions on the sierpinski gasket

Let ƒ be a real-valued harmonic function on the Sierpinski gasket(SG) with bound-ary points p0,p1 and pg. We define three derivatives (three directions) at each junction point p in SG depending on its location. We will show that any harmonic function has finite derivatives at each junction point and obtain derivative formulas and some of their properties. Finally, we define another derivative on the set of junction points for which the first derivative coincides with the old definition for harmonic functions and the second derivative is zero at junction points.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sensitive Element on Cross-Wound Helices

A novel sensitive element, formed by cross-wound helices, is investigated and described in this paper. Based on the outstanding properties of the coupled slow-wave structures, such as splitting electric and magnetic fields and the multiple increase in the slowdown, this sensitive element combines the advantages of the elements with distributed parameters and the relatively low operating frequencies. Concentrating the electromagnetic field in a measurement volume, caused by the slowing of the wave, and splitting electric and magnetic fields lead to a significant increase in sensitivity. The main properties and some characteristics of the cross-wound helices are analyzed, calculated, and measured. The practical realization of the described sensitive element is demonstrated on the example of a linear displacement sensor, patented, and placed on the market.

Topic: Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MAPPING SUBSURFACE IN KARST TERRAIN USING 2-D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY

Karst terrain is a unique and complex environment and has been a subject of increasing investigation for engineering, geotechnical, environmental, and archeological purposes. In this study, the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique was used to image a test site in southwestern Missouri with the goal to map variable depth-to-bedrock and to characterize subsurface lithologic conditions. The ERT technique employed a multi-electrode resistivity system, powered by a 12–volt deep cycle marine battery, 5 feet electrode spacing, and a dipole-dipole array configuration with the intent to map the subsurface to a depth of at least 100 feet. The output, a two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity profile, was verified and constrained with active multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) data. The resistivity of the soils and pervasively fractured bedrock was observed to be mostly controlled by moisture content. Based on the moisture content, the soils and rocks were classified into moist soil (<50 ohm.m), dry soil (125 ohm.m), moist rock (≥125 ohm.m), and dry rock (≥1500 ohm.m). The bedrock surface topography in many instances appeared to depict the ground surface topographic expression.

Topic: Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluating Predictors of Pain Reduction After Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Knee Pain

<b>Aim:</b> Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of genicular nerves can treat refractory chronic knee pain. This study evaluated association between patient and procedural characteristics and pain improvement after genicular nerve RFA. <b>Materials & methods:</b> A retrospective chart review. Data were extracted from patients who underwent thermal or cooled RFA of the knee. <b>Results:</b> A total of 124 patients were included. 81% of patients reported ≥75% pain relief after diagnostic nerve blocks. 35% reported ≥50% pain reduction from the RFA. Predictors of improved pain outcomes included higher baseline pain, no depression and thermal (vs cooled) RFA. <b>Conclusion:</b> Identifying patients who may benefit the most from genicular RFA is still not clear. Pain reduction differences between patients with and without depression and RFA type deserves further exploration.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ph <sub>3</sub> PCN <sub>2</sub> : A stable reagent for carbon-atom transfer

Precise modification of a chemical site in a molecule at the single-atom level is one of the most elegant yet difficult transformations in chemistry. A reagent specifically designed for chemoselective introduction of monoatomic carbon is a particularly formidable challenge. Here, we report a straightforward, azide-free synthesis of a crystalline and isolable diazophosphorus ylide, Ph 3 PCN 2 , a stable compound with a carbon atom bonded to two chemically labile groups, triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ) and dinitrogen (N 2 ). Without any additives, the diazophosphorus ylide serves as a highly selective transfer reagent for fragments, including Ph 3 PC, to deliver phosphorus ylide–terminated heterocumulenes and CN 2 to produce multisubstituted pyrazoles. Ultimately, even exclusive carbon-atom transfer is possible. In reactions with aldehydes and acyclic and cyclic ketones (R 2 C=O), the carbon-atom substitution forms a vinylidene (R 2 C=C:) en route to alkynes or butatrienes.

Topic: Cyclopropane Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantum circuits for maximally entangled states

We design a series of quantum circuits that generate absolute maximally entangled (AME) states to benchmark a quantum computer. A relation between graph states and AME states can be exploited to optimize the structure of the circuits and minimize their depth. Furthermore, we find that most of the provided circuits obey majorization relations for every partition of the system, and at every step of the quantum computation. The rational for our approach is to benchmark quantum computers with maximal useful entanglement, which can be used to implement multipartite quantum protocols.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale

Abstract. This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) scale in the assessment of situational performance-related experiences. We administered the scale to 483 Finnish athletes before a practice session to assess the intensity and perceived impact of their performance-related feeling states. The hypothesized two-factor structure indicating functional effects (10 items) and dysfunctional effects (10 items) toward performance was examined via exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Regarding the intensity and perceived impact dimensions of reported states, ESEM and CFA showed a good fit for a two-factor solution of a 14-item PBS-S scale (seven functional and seven dysfunctional items). For both intensity and impact ratings, core state functional modalities were bodily, cognitive, and volitional, while core state dysfunctional modalities were volitional, operational, and anxiety. Findings support the use of a 14-item PBS-S scale to measure a range of preperformance states.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
High-resolution disease maps for cancer control in low-resource settings: A spatial analysis of cervical cancer incidence in Kampala, Uganda

Population-based cancer registry data and geospatial mapping can be used in low-resource settings to support cancer prevention and control efforts, and to create the potential for research examining geographic factors that influence cancer outcomes. It is essential to support LMIC cancer registries to maximize the benefits from the use of limited cancer control resources.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Endonuclease G promotes hepatic mitochondrial respiration by selectively increasing mitochondrial tRNA <sup>Thr</sup> production

Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which EndoG regulates mitochondrial function is not known. Fat accumulation in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which is more common in men, is caused in part by mitochondrial dysfunction. EndoG expression is reduced in MASLD liver, and EndoG deficiency causes MASLD in an obesity-independent manner but only in males. EndoG promotes mitochondrial respiration by resolving mitochondrial tRNA/DNA hybrids formed during mtDNA transcription by recruiting RNA helicase DHX30 to unwind them. EndoG also cleaves off the 3′-end of the H-strand transcript that can prevent mt-tRNA Thr precursor cloverleaf-folding, and processing, which increases mt-tRNA Thr production and mitochondrial translation. Using fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy technology to visualize oxygen consumption at the individual mitochondrion level, we found that EndoG deficiency leads to the selective loss of a mitochondrial subpopulation with high-oxygen consumption. This defect was reversed with mt-tRNA Thr supplementation. Thus, EndoG promotes mitochondrial respiration by selectively regulating the production of mt-tRNA Thr in male mice.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A CONTROLLED STUDY OF ORAL PREDNISOLONE IN FROZEN SHOULDER

Forty patients with frozen shoulder were randomly allocated to a treated group who received oral prednisolone or a nontreatment group who received no specific therapy. All the patients were encouraged to perform home pendular exercise. The improvement in pain at night showed a significantly different pattern in the two groups (p less than 0.05), with the treated group improving more rapidly. Pain on movement and at rest and the recovery in the range of movement was not significantly different in the two groups. There was no difference between the patient groups at the end of the study (8 months follow-up) and patients still had a marked restriction in range (p less than 0.0001) when compared to normal controls of similar age and sex.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SINR Improvement by Adaptive Bandwidth Control in Multi-Band IoT Systems with Spectrum Sharing

This paper evaluates SINR improvement with an adaptive bandwidth control method which controls the actual use bandwidth of a multi-band IoT system to reduce inter-system interference power according to the used bands of an interfered system, inter-system power ratios, and interference power of unknown external systems in spectrum sharing systems with multiple narrow frequency bands. The evaluation results by computer simulation clarify the effective range of the method to these control parameters.

Topic: PAPR reduction in OFDM
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of the Method for Flood Water Level Forecasting and Flood Damage Warning Using an AI-based Model

This study reviewed the applicability of AI-based models to predict flood water level and evaluate flood damage in small rivers with short arrival times. The Namyangju-si (Jingwan Bridge) watershed, where the most flood warnings have occurred, was selected as the target of study. Rainfall and water level data from 2008 to 2020 were collected for the watershed. A total of 40 rainfall events were identified when the water level was 1m or higher from June to September, corresponding to the flood season. Additionally, flood water level forecasting was performed using AI-based models such as deep neural network (DNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and storage function models. Predictive power evaluation revealed the DNN model displayed the lowest normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) with a value of 0.06. This study concludes that there are issues with the existing flood warning and heavy rain warning standards due to rainfall variability, correlation with the occurrence of damage caused by heavy rain, and the application of consistent standards nationwide. To solve this issue, the cause of flood damage was classified and the risk assessment criteria established by linking the water level and rainfall data. To develop an optimal flood damage classification prediction model based on the established criteria, two models were applied: XGBoost and random forest model. Evaluation of model predictive power revealed the F1-score for XGBoost was 0.92, indicating excellent predictive power. Based on the models presented herein, the flood damage assessment technique using the results of flood prediction can be used as basic data for disaster managers’ decision-making.

Topic: Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with sterility].

Eighty six women were studied at the Hospital Chiquinquirá in order to determine the role of Chlamydia Trachomatis in infertility. Endocervical samples were taken in 45 infertile women (IG) who concurred to our Gynecologic Endocrinology Clinic and in 41 (CG) who sought medical attention at our General Gynecology Clinic for different reasons. The Chlamydiazyme Test (CT) was performed in all of them. We obtained 12 positive Chlamydiazymes (13.95%), four of them were in the IG (8.89%) and 8 (19.5%) in the CG; this was not statistically significant (p = 0.3). We also found no correlations when positive tests were correlated with sterility (p = 0.5, tube pathology history (p = 0.2), HSG (p = 0.2) and laparoscopic findings (p = 0.1). We did not find an increase in the occurrence of CT in our infertile women as reported by other authors therefore its significance in our study group at this time is uncertain.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Safety of frozen, dried and powder forms of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) as a novel food pursuant

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of frozen, dried and powder forms of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is proposed in three forms: (i) frozen, (ii) dried, (iii) powder. The main components of the NF are protein, fat and dietary fibre (chitin). The Panel notes that the concentration of contaminants in the NF depends on the occurrence levels of these substances in the insect feed. The NF has a protein content that ranges between 19.7 and 20.9 g/100 g in the frozen form and 61.7–68.6 g/100 g in the dried and powder forms. The Panel acknowledges that the true protein content is overestimated when using the nitrogen‐to‐protein conversion factor of 6.25 due to the presence of non‐protein nitrogen from chitin. The applicant proposed to use the NF as food ingredient in a number of food products. The target population proposed by the applicant is the general population. Considering the composition of the NF and the proposed conditions of use, the consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. The Panel notes that no safety concerns arise from the toxicological information on A. domesticus. The Panel considers that the consumption of the NF might trigger primary sensitisation to A. domesticus proteins and may cause allergic reactions in subjects allergic to crustaceans, mites and molluscs. Additionally, allergens from the feed may end up in the NF. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed uses and use levels.

Topic: Insect Utilization and Effects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Uplift rates from a new high-density GPS network in Palmer Land indicate significant late Holocene ice loss in the southwestern Weddell Sea

The measurement of ongoing ice-mass loss and associated melt water contribution to sea-level change from regions such as West Antarctica is dependent on a combination of remote sensing methods. A key method, the measurement of changes in Earth's gravity via the GRACE satellite mission, requires a potentially large correction to account for the isostatic response of the solid Earth to ice-load changes since the Last Glacial Maximum. In this study, we combine glacial isostatic adjustment modelling with a new GPS dataset of solid Earth deformation for the southern Antarctic Peninsula to test the current understanding of ice history in this region. A sufficiently complete history of past ice-load change is required for glacial isostatic adjustment models to accurately predict the spatial variation of ongoing solid Earth deformation, once the independently-constrained effects of present-day ice mass loss have been accounted for. Comparisons between the GPS data and glacial isostatic adjustment model predictions reveal a substantial misfit. The misfit is localized on the southwestern Weddell Sea, where current ice models under-predict uplift rates by approximately 2 mmyr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;1&lt;/sup&gt;. This under-prediction suggests that either the retreat of the ice sheet grounding line in this region occurred significantly later in the Holocene than currently assumed, or that the region previously hosted more ice than currently assumed. This finding demonstrates the need for further fieldwork to obtain direct constraints on the timing of Holocene grounding line retreat in the southwestern Weddell Sea and that GRACE estimates of ice sheet mass balance will be unreliable in this region until this is resolved.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences