jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Laminar Mixed Convective Plumes Along Vertical Adiabatic Surfaces

Laminar mixed forced and free convection from a line thermal source imbedded at the leading edge of an adiabatic vertical surface is analytically investigated for the cases of buoyancy assisting and buoyancy opposing flow conditions. Temperature and velocity distributions in the boundary layer adjacent to the adiabatic surface are presented for the entire range of the buoyancy parameter ξ (x) = Grx/Rex5/2 from the pure forced (ξ(x) = 0) to the pure free (ξ(x) = ∞) convection regime for fluids having Prandtl numbers of 0.7 and 7.0. For buoyancy-assisting flow, the velocity overshoot, the temperature, and the wall shear stress increase as the plume’s strength increases. On the other hand, the velocity overshoot, the wall shear stress, and the temperature decrease as the free-stream velocity increases. For buoyancy opposing flow, the velocity and wall shear stress decrease but the temperature increases as the plume’s strength increases.

Topic: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Highly Sensitive Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Fluorogenic reagents for amines and thiols which are of value for their determination in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are reviewed. Special attention was made on the development and application of 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-F) and ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole-4-sulfonate (SBD-F) which are respective reagents for amines and thiols. Finally, usage of a chemiluminescence reaction (TCPO-H2O2-fluorescent compounds) for the detection of fluorescent compounds separated by HPLC column was proposed. The proposed method allowed us to detect 2 fmol of dansylated amino acids.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
An improved evaluation model for assessment of the durability of bridges and its application

By analyzing various affecting factors of the durability of reinforced concrete bridges and structural strength characteristics thereof, an improved three-layer fuzzy model based on analytic hierarchy process and variable weight synthesizing is proposed to evaluate the durability condition of existing reinforced concrete bridges. The model establishes an evaluate index system based on analytic hierarchy process, uses variable weight synthesizing which is based on the interval number that the valuators give, and considers the interval estimation of the weights. It reasonably solves the uncertainty and inaccuracy that may exit at the assessment process caused by the bridge checker's subjective assessment and instinct, and at the same time compares the effectiveness of each evaluator. Finally, an actual bridge uses the synthesis evaluation model and the calculating result proves the stability and effectiveness of the evaluation model. Therefore the model can provide theoretical basis for the management of bridges.

Topic: Evaluation Methods in Various Fields
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Our New President

Our New President J. M. P. J. M. P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Military Surgeon, Volume 110, Issue 1, January 1952, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/110.1.3 Published: 01 January 1952

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EU AND EUROZONE MEMBER STATES

This report was prompted by interest in the problems of economic development in the modern world and examines the real GDP growth rates in European Union and Euro zone during the period 2002-2013. This paper is intended to study the dynamics of main fiscal policy indicators such as total general government revenue and expenditure, general government deficit/surplus and general government gross debt, calculated as percentage of the GDP. The study aims to explore the possibilities of fiscal policy coordination in the EU and Euro zone and consolidated fiscal rules in the member states. The results show that in recent five years a person tends to improve macroeconomic performance and overcome the consequences of global financial and economic crisis. It must be concluded that there is dependence in the rate of economic growth in the decade before, during and after the crisis.

Topic: Fiscal Policies and Political Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Kline, Franz (1910–1962)

A prominent member of the Abstract Expressionists, Franz Kline was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In high school he drew cartoons and, after attending Boston University, studied at the Art Students League in New York and the Heatherly Art School in London. Kline became a regular at the Cedar Tavern, and for most of the 1940s painted urban and industrial spaces with boldly drawn architectural elements. These paintings later developed into the signature black and white canvases for which he is best known. The bold swaths of black pigment relate to one another as steel beams and bridge spans might, while the interstitial gaps are thickly painted and blended along the edges of directional motifs eliminating any illusion of depth, as in Painting Number 2 (1954) at the Museum of Modern Art. Kline’s canvases, canonized as "action painting" by Harold Rosenberg, were harbingers of individualism and vitality in American art exhibitions sent abroad during the Cold War. Kline died suddenly in 1962 just as color begun to reappear in his palette. His blustery abstractions inspired a large following, including Brice Marden, the sculptor Mark di Suvero and photographer Aaron Siskind.

Topic: Art History and Market Analysis
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field: Changes in Antioxidant Capacity of Seedlings in Different Picea abies (L.) H. Karst Half-Sib Families

In the context of climate change, methods to improve the resistance of coniferous trees to biotic and abiotic stress are in great demand. The common plant response to exposure to vastly different stressors is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by activation of the defensive antioxidant system. We aimed to evaluate whether seed treatment with physical stressors can activate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and radical scavenging activity in young Picea abies (L.) H. Karst seedlings. For this, we applied seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) and compared the response in ten different half-sib families of Norway spruce. The impact of the treatments with CP (1 min—CP1; 2 min—CP2) and EMF (2 min) on one-year-old and two-year-old P. abies seedlings was determined by the emergence rate, parameters of growth, and spectrophotometric assessment of antioxidant capacity (enzyme activity; DPPH and ABTS scavenging) in needles. The results indicated that the impact of seed treatment is strongly dependent on the genetic family. In the 577 half-sib family, the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after EMF-treatment in one-year-old seedlings, while similar effects in 477 half-sib family were induced by CP2 treatment. In two-year-old seedlings, CP1-treatment increased CAT, APX, POX, GR, SOD, DPPH, and ABTS activity in the 457 half-sib family. However, no significant impact of the treatment with CP1 was determined in one-year-old seedlings in this family. The application of novel technologies and the consideration of the combinatory impact of genetic and physical factors could have the potential to improve the accumulation of compounds that play an essential role in the defense mechanisms of P. abies. Nevertheless, for different resistance and responses to stressors of plants, their genetic properties play an essential role. A comprehensive analysis of interactions among the stress factors (CP and EMF), genetic properties, and changes induced in the antioxidant system can be of importance both for the practical application of seed treatment in forestry and for understanding fundamental adaptation mechanisms in conifers.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lipid levels and survival after obesity-related cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative CVD biomarker cohort.

e13618 Background: Previous investigations have demonstrated an inconclusive relationship between lipid biomarkers and mortality after cancer. Methods: We used data from 2,279 postmenopausal women diagnosed with 13 obesity-related cancers, who were part of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) lipid biomarkers cohort, to evaluate the relationship between lipid levels measured at study entry prior to cancer diagnosis, and mortality after cancer. Baseline lipid measurements consisted of HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, and non-HDL-Cholesterol with ranges of measurement listed in the table. Obesity-related cancers included: meningioma, thyroid, adenocarcinoma of esophagus, breast, multiple myeloma, liver, kidney, gallbladder, stomach, uterus, pancreas, ovaries, and colorectal. The age adjusted relationship between baseline lipids and all-cause mortality as well as mortality due to cancer were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray models, respectively. Results: The majority of women in the cohort had either desirable or acceptable lipid levels (86% HDL-C, 30% LDL-C and 61% non-HDL-C. Low vs. desirable HDL-C levels were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.48, 1.60], p &lt;.001) and higher cancer mortality (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR)1.9, 95% CI [1.51, 2.3], p &lt;.001). High non-HDL-C vs desirable, was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.13, 95% CI [1.06, 1.21], p = .001) however no significant impact on cancer mortality (SHR 1.06, 95% CI [0.87, 1.30], p = 0.563). LDL-C levels demonstrated a more complex relationship with mortality, nevertheless, very high LDL-C levels were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.63, 95% CI,1.21-2.2, p = ,0.001) and cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22-2.63, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Elevated LDL-C and lower HDL-C may be associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cancer specific mortality in women diagnosed with obesity related cancers in the WHI. Results of multivariable adjustment for important predictors of mortality including race/ethnicity, medication use and other socio-demographic and clinical factors will be presented. [Table: see text]

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Innovative teaching and role-play for the job placement of new doctors in specialist training

The work and training world are currently subjected to strong and fast technological innovations. Every year, Italian hospitals welcome hundreds of new residents who have to face the difficult transition from a predominantly academic role to a real working context. This path is often characterized by critical issues related to lack of knowledge of hospital policies and procedures, hospital infrastructures and interprofessional dynamics. In response to these challenges, the article proposes an innovative model based on the use of role-play and immersive technologies to facilitate the job placement process by reporting the case-history of a training experience conducted with 149 workers at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico (since 2017). Didattica innovativa e role-play per l’inserimento lavorativo dei nuovi medici in formazione specialistica. Il mondo del lavoro e della formazione è, ad oggi, sottoposto a forti e rapide innovazioni tecnologiche. Ogni anno, gli ospedali italiani accolgono centinaia di nuovi specializzandi che devono affrontare il difficile passaggio da un ruolo prevalentemente accademico ad un contesto lavorativo vero e proprio. Questo percorso è spesso caratterizzato da criticità legate alla scarsa conoscenza delle politiche e procedure aziendali, delle infrastrutture ospedaliere e delle dinamiche interprofessionali. In risposta a queste sfide, l’articolo propone un modello innovativo basato sull’impiego del role-play e delle tecnologie immersive per facilitare il processo di inserimento lavorativo riportando la case-history dell’esperienza formativa condotta, su 149 specializzandi, presso la Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico (fin dal 2017).

Topic: Innovations in Medical Education
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forming a driving index for implementing public-private partnership projects in emerging economy: Ethiopian perception

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify driving factors and a quantitative model for implementing public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Ethiopia as a case study in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature and semi-structured interviews were carried out to identify driving factors affecting the implementation of PPP projects in the Ethiopian context. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey within three months, with 59 validated responses; mean score technique and factor analysis were conducted. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was applied to develop a driving index (DI) for implementing infrastructure PPP projects. Finally, a comparative analysis of top-five drivers was conducted between four emerging economies. Findings Mean values show that all driving variables are important. Through factor analysis, 22 identified driving variables were grouped into six factors, namely, benefit for public and private sectors, attention of private sector, social development, cost reduction, management ability of public sector and ability of private sector. The FSE method constructs a DI and shows that benefit for public and private sectors is the most crucial factor for PPP implementation in the context of Ethiopia. Apart from this, most driving forces for adopting PPP projects in these countries related to financial problems. Originality/value This study is one of the first integrate driving factors for PPP implementation. The index provides the decision-makers with a comprehensive tool to assess the needs of PPP implementation.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Effect of Eleutherococcus on the functional status of the anticoagulation system in older animals].

Administration of Eleutherococcus to albino rats (18-20-month age) per os daily for 30 days activated the anticoagulating system and protected the animals from thrombogeneration induced with i.v. administration of tissue thromboplastine. The effect of the adaptogen was more obvious after 60-day treatment.

Topic: S100 Proteins and Annexins
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Integrated approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome

The Goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the integrated approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) aiming to correct all of its components versus standard therapy using clinical outcomes (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid levels), assessment of psychological status (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (SF-36). Methods: A total of 60 patients with MS were included in the study. The study group (30 subjects mean age 41.0±11 years, women - 23 (76.7%), men - 7 (23.3%)) received the complex therapy of MS - pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat) and insulin resistance (metformin), lipid-lowering therapy (statins or fibrates), antihypertensive therapy. Control group (30 patients mean age 43.4±9.5 years, women - 26 (86.7%), men - 4 (13.3%)) was treated with statins or fibrates and received antihypertensive therapy when needed. At the inclusion in the study and after 6 months of therapy all patients underwent clinical and laboratory investigation, assessment of depression and quality of life. Results: We found a more significant reduction of all clinical outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism), a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of the depression, and an improvement in the quality of life in patients of study group compared with standard therapy. Conclusion: Complex treatment of the MS, including pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat, Xenical) and insulin resistance (metformin, Glucophage) is characterized by a greater clinical efficacy compared with standard therapy.

Topic: Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Use of Modern Technologies for the Conservation of Historical Heritage in Water Management

Historical monuments represent a cultural heritage that humanity has a duty to preserve and conserve. Lately all over the world, scanning these heritage objectives has become a priority, in order to preserve in the smallest details the used architecture. The work aims to complete the cultural heritage for Sânmihaiu Român hydro technical development built between 1912 and 1915, located on the Bega River in Western Romania, through modern mobile scanning technology, Leica Pegasus Backpack, necessary for the creation of a three-dimensional (3D) documentation, for the completion of the cultural heritage, and for the creation of a 3D database. The purpose of the scientific paper is restoring Sanmihaiu Roman Hidro technical Node, subject to degradation, in order to achieve the project “The navigable Bega”, waterway connection to Serbia. Collecting method of LiDAR data is Fused Slam, the acquisition of RINNEX data being made by placing a Leica GS08 Master Station. Visualization of quality graphics has been performed in Quality Control (QC) Tools. The scanning accuracy is between 2 and 3 cm and the 3D data processing was performed with the Cyclone Model version program, with SmartPick Point and Virtual Surveyor functions. The obtained point clouds will be of a great help in order to follow in time the construction which can be used whenever it will be needed by the designers and specialists in the field of hydrotechnics.

Topic: 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fluorescence tuning of confined molecules in porous silicon mirrors

Emission signal from fluorescent molecules (fluorescein-5-maleimide) in a porous silicon mirror is enhanced by tuning the pore size and reflectance spectrum of the porous silicon multilayer structure. This is achieved when the reflectance spectrum of the silicon mirror overlaps the fluorescent excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent molecule, and chemical linkers assure the molecular confinement.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of the physical mechanism of a solar flare using MHD modeling over an active region: the onset of an extended surface of magnetic lines passing through a chain of current density maxima

The primary release of solar flare energy in the corona at altitudes of 15,000 — 70,000 km is explained by the physical mechanism of S.I. Syrovatsky, based on the rapid release of energy accumulated in the magnetic field of the current layer. The observed manifestations of the solar flare are explained by its electrodynamic model proposed by I.M. Podgorny. The model uses analogies with the electrodynamic model of a substorm, previously developed by its author. Since it is impossible to obtain the magnetic field configuration in the corona from observations, it is necessary to conduct MHD modeling. When setting the problem, no assumptions were made about the mechanism of the solar flare. For the numerical solution, an upwind absolutely implicit finite-difference scheme, conservative with respect to magnetic flux, was developed. The scheme is realized in the PERESVET computer program. A detailed study of the pre-flare state over the active region AR 10365 was conducted. The study revealed the emergence of an extended current sheet 50,000 km wide, which is a surface of magnetic lines passing through a chain of closely spaced current density maxima. The magnetic lines of the surface are in the form of arches located in the bright region of the flare emission. At the center of such a current sheet, a 3D maximum of current density does not necessarily have to be achieved. An appearance of a flare in such an arcade is explained by the fact that the main part of the surface of the magnetic arcs has properties that contribute to the development of flare instability.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Photoluminescent Eu-containing polyoxometalate/gemini surfactant hybrid nanoparticles for biological applications

In water, Eu-containing polyoxometalate/gemini surfactant hybrid spheres with long emission timescale (3.758 ms) and high fluorescence quantum yield (25.17%) behaviors were synthesized.

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Total synthesis of deoxypyridinoline, a biochemical marker of collagen turnover

P. Allevi, A. Longo and M. Anastasia, Chem. Commun., 1999, 559 DOI: 10.1039/A900298G

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
RESEARCH Open Access Validity of multiplex biomarker model of 6 genes for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Background: Currently the cytological examination of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies is the standard technique for the pre-operative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, the results may be noninformative in ~20 % of cases due to an inadequate sampling and the lack of highly specific, measurable cytological criteria, therefore ancillary biomarkers that could aid in these cases are clearly needed. The aim of our study was to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of 8 candidate marker genes as the diagnostic biomarkers for the discrimination of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to find a combination of biomarkers with the highest diagnostic value. Materials and methods: mRNA expression levels of eight candidate marker genes- BIRC5, CCND1, CDH1, CITED1, DPP4, LGALS3, MET and TFF3 was measured by real-time RT-PCR in paired nodular and surrounding normal thyroid tissue specimens of 105 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery and compared between different types of thyroid lesions. Results: Significant differences in the mRNA expression levels between the normal and malignant thyroid tissues and between benign and malignant nodules were found for BIRC5, CCND1, CITED1, DPP4, LGALS3, MET and TFF3, but not CDH1. On a single gene basis, relative quantity (RQ) of LGALS3 had the highest diagnostic value for the

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences