jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DNA Barcoding Standard Operating Protocol Lichens at RBGE, Lab methods: DNA extraction v1

This is part of the collection DToL Taxon-specific Standard Operating Procedures for the Plant Working Group (protocols.io). The SOP collection contains guidance on how to process the various land plant and lichen taxa within the scope of the Darwin Tree of Life project. The guidance specifically refers to the tissue samples needed for DNA barcoding (which takes place at the Royal Botanic Garden (RBGE)). Every specimen is submitted for DNA barcoding first before potentially being sent to the Wellcome Sanger institute. This DNA barcoding SOP outlines DNA extractions from lichen samples for the Darwin Tree of Life project (DToL) at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE). DNA barcoding is used as part of the species identification process AND sample tracking (to check that the genome sequence corresponds to the material that was sent and that there have been no sample mix-ups). Definition: Lichens Including: Lichenized fungi Excluding: All non-lichenized fungi

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Viewband concept: Introducing life-cycle modeling in enterprise architectural frameworks

Enterprise architecture (EA) frameworks have been successfully used to support enterprise engineering activities by providing graphical and machine-processable constructs to represent enterprise systems. However, existing EA frameworks lack modeling approaches to represent the increasing complexity and coupling of modern enterprises, as these frameworks do not distinguish architectural blocks supporting the different enterprise lifecycle processes, such as operation, maintenance and governance. In this paper, we propose the Viewband concept, which can be used to explicitly introduce lifecycle modeling, thus overcoming the limitations of existing EA frameworks. We also present an overlay methodology to implement the Viewband concept by use of standard modeling structures in existing EA frameworks, thus gaining compliance with currently available technologies and documentation standards. We show the application of the Viewband concept, and the related implementation methodology, through a simplified example enterprise model in UPDM (Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF).

Topic: Information Technology Governance and Strategy
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Ripensare le politiche di salute nell’era neoliberista. Welfare mix e sofferenza psichica. Quali spazi d’intervento per la società civile?

The coronavirus pandemic that has brought Italy (like many other countries) to its knees brings to the surface in a brutal way the criticality of the health policy choices taken by the government in the last thirty years, guided by the principle of subordination of the quality of care to cost efficiency. The priority has been to maximize profit by sacrificing the quality of care and health services. All this forces us to redefine the terms and categories with which we read and interpret today the issues related to the physical and mental health of citizens and the policies that govern it. Starting from this, the aim of this article is to reflect on the limits of contemporary health policies and the urgency of rethinking them in terms of a greater capacity to reconcile people’s needs with a better use of public resources. To this end, the article will focus on bottom-up health policy practices that try to guarantee, at the same time, the quality of care and a better use of health spending, through the analysis of the experience of the Solaris association in Rome working in the field of mental health.

Topic: Educational and Social Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Men's health: an overlooked inequality

Men's health outcomes are problematic globally, regionally and nationally. Male life expectancy was 3.6 years shorter than female life expectancy in the UK in 2015. Men take more risks with their health and are less likely than women to be aware of disease symptoms. They use primary care services less frequently than women, with likely impacts on health outcomes, especially for mental health, although there is evidence that for some conditions men may seek help just as quickly as women. Men's health initiatives have increased and there is growing evidence that ‘gender-sensitive’ interventions aimed at men can be effective. However, a strategic response, locally or nationally, to men's health problems in the UK has been absent. A number of actions, including by nurses, could make a difference. A national men's health policy, extended open hours in primary care, more outreach work and professional training, are among the measures suggested.

Topic: Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimizing the sound pressure levels at low frequency limits of electrodynamic loudspeakers

This paper focuses on reproducible low frequency ranges of electrodynamic loudspeaker drivers. The research findings lead to a guide that allows the optimal driver to be selected at the early stages of the design when the consumer electronic products such as home theater systems, digital TVs or PC speakers are being considered. The suggested frequency ranges are based on the acoustics and estimated from statistical data from 1,473 loudspeaker drivers of various sizes. In particular, the lower frequency limit is discussed together with the peak volume displacement which is closely related to the maximum reproducible sound pressure in a loudspeaker.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
RAMP: Hierarchical Reactive Motion Planning for Manipulation Tasks Using Implicit Signed Distance Functions

We introduce Reactive Action and Motion Planner (RAMP), which combines the strengths of sampling-based and reactive approaches for motion planning. In essence, RAMP is a hierarchical approach where a novel variant of a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) controller is used to generate trajectories which are then followed asynchronously by a local vector field controller. We demonstrate, in the context of a table clearing application, that RAMP can rapidly find paths in the robot's configuration space, satisfy task and robot-specific constraints, and provide safety by reacting to static or dynamically moving obstacles. RAMP achieves superior performance through a number of key innovations: we use Signed Distance Function (SDF) representations directly from the robot configuration space, both for collision checking and reactive control. The use of SDFs allows for a smoother definition of collision cost when planning for a trajectory, and is critical in ensuring safety while following trajectories. In addition, we introduce a novel variant of MPPI which, combined with the safety guarantees of the vector field trajectory follower, performs incremental real-time global trajectory planning. Simulation results establish that our method can generate paths that are comparable to traditional and state-of-the-art approaches in terms of total trajectory length while being up to 30 times faster. Real-world experiments demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of our approach in challenging table clearing scenarios. Videos and code are available at: https://samsunglabs.github.io/RAMP-project-page/

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Surgery on Quality of Life with Operable Breast Cancer in Limited Resource Environments: Reply

We thank Purvi Thakkar et al. for their comments on our article [1]. It is good to see that our results are reproducible. The reported decrease in quality of life may be explained by the fact that a different questionnaire was used. The FACT-B is a disease-specific questionnaire that inquires more into functioning than into satisfaction with functioning.

The primary goal of our study was to present surgeons with other factors than only the clinical parameters, such as tumor size, that can help in the decisional process. We hope that more surgeons will assess the personality of a woman with early-stage breast cancer and use this as additional information when counseling her about possible breast cancer treatment modalities.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
US Policy and East Asian Security in the 1980's.

This memorandum examines probable US interests in East Asia in the 1980's. The author describes present US policies and suggests possible American options to deal with problems related to Kampuchea, Japanese attitudes toward defense, developments in South Korea, and political instability within certain East Asian nations. American interests in East Asia - economic, political, and strategic - are portrayed as important, particularly if military deployments into the Indian Ocean or Persian Gulf are contemplated, and they are threatened by the growing military forces of the Soviet Navy and Air Force. The author recommends courses of action which, except for the Kampuchean problem, are consistent with recent and current policy. He suggests that a solution to the Kampuchean situation may require American initiatives, including normalization of relations with Hanoi.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
KINERJA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH (Mengumpul dan Mendistribusikan Zakat)

This research was conducted at Badan Amil Zakat National Central Sulawesi Province (BAZNAS) to know the collection of zakat and infak fund and its distribution. In this study data collection using survey sample method that only records a small part of the object of research and for each element is investigated in depth which operations. Through this research it is known that: National Amil Zakat Agency of Central Sulawesi Province collects zakat funds limited to Civil Servants and Officials in Provinsi environment. Excluding Civil Servants and Officials in Town and Regency in Parovinsi Central Sulawesi. Also excluding entrepreneurs and the general public. Zakat issued by Civil Servants and Officials is Zakah on Income, not zakat mal or zakat treasure. So that collected by the Amil Body is zakat based on the amount of salary and other income for one year. So the treasures of vehicles, gardens, houses, jewelry and others are not subject to zakat.Besarnya earnings collected 2.5 percent equivalent to 85 grams of gold. Zakat is collected through the collecting unit of zakat (UPZ) in each institution. DPD and SKPD in Central Sulawesi Province. Zakat is channeled to mustahik with the consideration of fulfilling basic necessities mustahik

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The expectation-maximization viterbi algorithm for blind channel identification and equalization

A broadly applicable algorithm for blind maximum-likelihood (ML) equalization and detection of signals transmitted over dispersive and noisy channels is presented. Since the approach employs the Viterbi algorithm (VA) to execute the expectation step of the expectation-maximization (EM) iteration, we call it the expectation-maximization Viterbi algorithm (EMVA). The EMVA is a computationally efficient technique for simultaneous ML channel identification and signal detection whenever the transmission system admits a finite-state hidden Markov model (HMM) description. Applications of the EMVA to both static and fading channels are considered. For static channels, the HMM is described by a deterministic finite-state machine (FSM), while for fading channels it is associated with a stochastic FSM. In either case, the FSM is represented by a deterministic trellis to which the VA is applicable. Extensive simulation results are presented which show that the bit-error rate achieved by the EMVA is close to the ML error-rate performance based on true channel parameters. 
The broad applicability of the algorithm is illustrated by considering a wide range of applications. Specifically, we apply the EMVA to blind equalization of frequency selective fading channels, nonlinear continuous-phase modulated signals, fractionally-spaced sampled signals, dually-polarized channels, and code-division multiple-access (CDMA) transmissions. 
The convergence properties of the EMVA are investigated. In particular, we obtain a closed-form expression for the convergence-rate matrix evaluated at any stationary point of the observed-data likelihood function. The rate matrix is useful in estimating the error covariance matrix for the parameter estimate. Analysis reveals that the EMVA can be interpreted as a special quasi-Newton or gradient ascent algorithm that naturally encompasses a scale-rotation matrix which guarantees convergence to a local maximum. This property ensures the existence of a capture set for every local maximum. If the initial iterate falls within such a set, then the algorithm converges to the local or global maximum associated with the set. The existence of a capture set for the global maximum leads to the development of a blind channel acquisition technique which achieves global convergence with a probability approaching 100% for general classes of channels.

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Grant, Prof. Sir Kerr, (1878–13 Oct. 1967), President, South Australian School of Mines and Industries, 1942–59; Professor of Physics, Adelaide University, 1911–48, Professor Emeritus, since 1948

"Grant, Prof. Sir Kerr, (1878–13 Oct. 1967), President, South Australian School of Mines and Industries, 1942–59; Professor of Physics, Adelaide University, 1911–48, Professor Emeritus, since 1948" published on by Oxford University Press.

Topic: Australian Indigenous Culture and History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Higher-Order Core-Like Modes in Double-Clad Fiber Contribute to Multipath Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography

Double-clad fiber (DCF) has enabled the combination of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) with secondary optical modalities. While DCF offers an additional optical channel, it is widely understood that its use reduces the quality of OCT owing to the introduction of multipath artifacts. We show here that an unexpected higher-order mode (HOM) with its energy confined to the DCF core can contribute to these artifacts. The existence of this HOM is confirmed using the spatially and spectrally (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) resolved imaging method. The group delay difference of the HOM is shown to be consistent with the delay of the diffuse ghost artifact in DCF-acquired OCT images.

Topic: Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Preliminary report of 35 cases of tubal sterilization by laparoscopy with the double function and Neuworth-Palmer clamp technic].

35 women (average age 33.3 years) who had had an average of 7.5 gestations and for whom other methods of fertility control were inadequate underwent sterilization through electrofulguration and section and resection of a segment of the Fallopian tubes by laparascopy. The double-puncture technique with the Neuwirth-Palmer clamp was used. It was carried out in an operating room under heavy sedation with promazine phenothiazine and pentazocine iv and local anesthesia. Different sites for puncture for pneumoperitoneum were tried and Thouys and Verres needles were used. The incision for introducing the Neuwirth-Palmer clamp was made along the infraumbilical line. There were few complicaitons except for an intestinal perforation which required laparotomy. Hysterosalpinography confirmed the bilateral tubal occlusion in 10 patients. In over a year there have been no pregnancies and the technique proved satisfactory due to its safety ease and efficacy.

Topic: Gynecological conditions and treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Digitalization is Fueling a Revolution in Precision Oncology

In many areas of Medicine, the digital transformation has already largely impacted the way care is delivered to patients. A second transformation is underway, whereby the trove of data accumulated about individual patients' clinical journeys is exploited collectively to fuel the advent of Precision Medicine. For diseases such as cancer, it is recognized that the complexity of the pathology itself and the combinations of treatment lines goes beyond the scope of controlled randomized clinical trials. The necessary complement is real-world evidence, which can only be obtained in a statistically robust way if data can be collected from large cohorts of previously treated patients and analyzed using cutting-edge data analytics and machine learning approaches. Here we describe the challenges to overcome in order to make clinical data interoperable and accessible beyond single institutions. We also discuss the opportunities emerging from the recent ability to bring together data from increasingly rich sources such as medical imaging, digital pathology, and various -omics techniques, each of which is evolving fast, carried forward by its own digital transformation.

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photochemical reactions of azo compounds. XVII Photoinduced reaction of 2,2,4,4,-tetrachloroazobenzene with acetyl chloride

The photoinduced reaction of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene with acetyl chloride has been found to give an unexpected mixture of products, incorporating only a relatively poor yield of the predicted main product, N,N '-diacetyl-2,2',4,4',6-pentachlorohydrazobenzene. It has been found, moreover, that the latter compound in aqueous methanolic potassium hydroxide, in addition to yielding the expected hydrolysis/oxidation product, 2,2',4,4',6-pentachloroazobenzene, undergoes an interesting side reaction which regenerates 2,2',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
CampusBuddy

Recent studies show that over 70% of university students suffer from stress and anxiety. Common stressors are heightened expectations and changing surroundings. Campus public displays are becoming a common commodity in universities to support communication, advertising and learning. In this work, we envision using public displays to support university students overcome stress via optimizing the content to combat the common stressors.

Topic: Mind wandering and attention
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploiting user preference similarity transitivity in nearest neighbour recommender algorithms

This thesis explores the Nearest Neighbour recommender algorithm and a proposed way of recomputing the elements of a set, containing values from a similarity metric. In essence, this extends the neighbourhood used in the algorithm by making use of close neighbours’ neighbours. This proposal is motivated by the hypothesis that high user preference similarity is transitive. A programme was implemented in Matlab, and one of the MovieLens data sets was used. Three experiments were run. These indicated that further exploration of this property and the proposed methods could be of interest. The final experiment was run on the simplest form of a Nearest Neighbour recommender, with the added re-computational step, and suggests that there is a small, but statistically significant, improvement due to this new step (for one of the proposed methods) confirming the hypothesis. The improvement of the errors of estimated rating predictions were in the order of magnitude 0.1 %.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrated approach for the techno-economic evaluation of transmission infrastructures: application to the HVDC SA.CO.I. project

The present paper investigates and analyses the main techno-economic benefits that may derive by the implementation of the new HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) SA.CO.I. multi-terminal infrastructure, linking Sardinia, Corsica and continental Italy, in a 2030 time horizon. This is carried out by the application of an integrated approach, based on the consistent implementation of two OPF (Optimal Power Flow) simulation tools for zonal and nodal analyses. This approach has been developed for the techno-economic evaluation of transmission expansion planning options. The results provide a preliminary proof of the effectiveness and important impact that the new infrastructure may have on the system at 2030.

Topic: Electric Power System Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corrigendum: Alpha-Fetoprotein Measurement Benefits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients With Cirrhosis

Chang, Te-Sheng; Wu, Yu-Chih; Tung, Shui-Yi; Wei, Kuo-Liang; Hsieh, Yung-Yu; Huang, Hao-Chun; Chen, Wei-Ming; Shen, Chien-Heng; Lu, Chang-Hsien; Wu, Cheng-Shyong; Tsai, Ying-Huang; Huang, Yen-Hua

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

This study investigated indicatory metals in the filterable (FPM2.5) and condensable (CPM) particulate matter emitted from six different types of stationary stacks (based on fuels and raw materials, n = 33), namely, coal boiler (COL), heavy oil boiler (HOL), wood boiler (WOD), diesel boiler (DSL), natural gas boiler (NGS), and incinerator (INR). FPM2.5 and CPM samples were collected following U.S. EPA Method 201A and Method 202, respectively. The samples were analyzed for mass concentrations and metal compositions. Results showed that the concentration of CPM was higher than that of the FPM2.5 for all types of stacks except WOD. Comparability analysis of FPM2.5, CPM, and TPM2.5 (FPM2.5 + CPM) metal profiles assessed by using the coefficient of divergence (COD) showed a heterogeneous (COD = 0.32–0.99) relationship among six groups of emission stacks. However, FPM2.5, CPM, and TPM2.5 metal profiles within a group of stack revealed homogeneous (COD = 0.19) to heterogeneous (COD = 0.79) relations. Indicatory metals for COL were found to be Ca, Ba, V (FPM2.5), Se, Cd, and Co (CPM) and V, Se, and Co (TPM2.5). Similarly, indicatory metals for HOL included Ca, V, Ni (FPM2.5), V, Se, and Cd (CPM) and V, Co, and As (TPM2.5). Ca, Ni, Ba (FPM2.5), Se, V, and Cd (CPM) and V, Cd, and As (TPM2.5) were recognized as indicatory metals for WOD boilers. Similarly, K and Ca were found to be indicatory metals for DSL, NGS, and INR. The indicatory metals for different emission sources and for different particle fractions (FPM2.5 and CPM) reflect the differences in fuel types, combustion temperatures, and particle formation mechanisms. The results of the present study are expected to provide valuable information for source apportionment modeling and to better assess the contributions of the aforementioned emission sources to the ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and metal elements.

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences