jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Origin of Multiple Trunks Affects Crapemyrtle Posttransplant Establishment

Bare-root 17.5-inch-tall (44.45-cm) `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica L.) liners were grown in #3 [2.75-gal (10.4-L)] black plastic containers and trained to one, three, or five trunks by one of two methods. Half of the plants were established from multiple liners with each trained to form one of the trunks. The others were established by planting a single liner in each container, pruning them back to within 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the substrate surface, and then training elongating buds or adventitious shoots to the desired number of trunks. Once plants reached a marketable size they were transplanted to a landscape for two growing seasons to determine the effects of the treatments on trunk survival or growth uniformity in the landscape. The study was replicated in time with containerized `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle liners, but only grown in the field for 1 year. Growth and quality differences were minimal at the end of nursery production for either clone, thus favoring recommendation of whichever treatment would be most economical to produce the desired growth form. However, in the landscape phase, survival of `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle and growth and uniformity of `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle were greater for several growth measures when multiple trunks were produced by training stems of the same plant as opposed to planting multiple liners. Trunk survival was generally good for three or fewer trunks, but significant losses often occurred when the planting units had five trunks, especially when grown from multiple liners. Growth and survival differences among treatments were more pronounced with increasing trunk number and the longer the planting units were in the field (landscape).

Topic: Seedling growth and survival studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cherubism.

Cherubism is a rare inherited fibro-osseous disorder that affects the jaws, producing a characteristic facial appearance. Patients are normal at birth; however, by their second or third year of life they develop a fullness of the lower one half of their face and retraction of the lower eyelids that exposes a rim of sclera below the iris. The facial appearance is similar to a Renaissance cherub with its gaze toward heaven. A case of cherubism in a 19-year-old male, complicated by severe orbital compression resulting in diplopia, is presented. The patient was diagnosed at three years of age when he developed the characteristic cherub facies and severe dental anomalies that required surgical correction. At age 14, he underwent facial contouring surgery of his jaws. Orbital compression later developed due to lesions growing in the floor of his orbits. This was corrected by way of a subciliary approach to the orbit. The patient's facial appearance and visual function were markedly improved by the surgery. A review of the literature detailing this rare disease is discussed.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figures and Legends from USP8 Is a Novel Target for Overcoming Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Legends - PDF file 2854K, Supplementary Figure 1. Effect of USP8 knockdown on cell viability Supplementary Figure 2. Effect of USP8 knockdown on EGFR wildtype cells and apoptosis of NSCLC and normal cells. Supplementary Figure 3. Effect of USP8 knockdown on mRNA levels of RTKs. Supplementary Figure 4. Effect of USP8 inhibitor treatment on apoptosis of NSCLC and normal cells. Supplementary Figure 5. Fluorescence Intensity Profiling Supplementary Figure 6. Effect of USP8 knockdown or an USP8 inhibitor on insulin receptor (IR) expression. Supplementary Figure 7. An USP8 inhibitor reduces ERKs and STAT3 phosphorylation levels in tumors&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On Restoring Interference in Joint Photon Counting Rate in Cascade Emission

Abstract We propose an experimental scheme utilizing the different travelling speed of photons at different frequencies to ‘erase’ the time sequential distinguishability of photons emitted from the two steps of an atomic cascade. Interference in joint detection requires not only the overlapping of the same photon in time through different paths, but also the presence of both photons simultaneously.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
DFT study of superhalogen and superalkali doped graphitic carbon nitride and its non-linear optical properties

DFT calculations are carried out to investigate nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of superhalogen (BCl<sub>4</sub>) and superalkali (NLi<sub>4</sub>) doped graphitic carbon nitride (GCN).

Topic: Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phagocytic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines production by the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 stimulated by a recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing the MSP1-C of Plasmodium falciparum.

Macrophages are involved in innate immunity against malaria due to their ability to phagocytose infected erythrocytes and produce inflammatory cytokines, which are important for controlling parasite growth during malaria infection. In this study, the ability of a recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine expressing the 19-kDa C-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1-C) of Plasmodium falciparum, to stimulate the phagocytic activity and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the macrophage cell line J774A.1 was measured at varying times. The results demonstrate the ability of the rBCG construct to activate the inflammatory action of macrophages, which is important as a first-line of defence in clearing malaria infections.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Strength of 3Y-TZP and feldspathic porcelain subjected to different cooling methods

AIM: To investigate the effect of the cooling rate on flexural strength of monolayer and bilayer porcelain/zirconia (Y-TZP) bars. METHODS: Forty-five specimens were made for each design group: (PM) monolithic specimens of veneer porcelain Vita VM9 (Vita, Germany); (ZM) monolithic specimens of zirconia (ZiHP; ProtMat, Brazil); (PB) bilayer specimens zirconia/porcelain with porcelain on lower surface; and (ZB) bilayer specimens porcelain/zirconia with zirconia on lower surface. Each group was cooled by three different methods after porcelain sintering: slow specimens were cooled inside the turned-off furnace; normal specimens were removed from the furnace and cooled in air at room temperature; and fast specimens were removed from the furnace at 910°C and cooled by compressed air for 10 s. Specimens were polished and flexural strength was measured in water at 37 °C (n=15). Maximum load at fracture was recorded, and equations for simple (monolayer) and composite (bilayer) structures were used to calculate the flexural strength. RESULTS were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p&lt;0.05) and Tukey test separately for each design. RESULTS: The results of one-way ANOVA were statistically significant only for the PB group. The post-hoc Tukey test showed the highest flexural strength for fast cooling and the lowest for slow cooling; the normal cooling was statistically similar to both. CONCLUSIONS: Cooling methods affected only the flexural strength of bilayer specimens with porcelain on low surface (under tension) when the slow cooling method was used.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Determinants of institutional agricultural credit access and its linkage with farmer satisfaction in India: a moderated-mediation analysis

Purpose The study assesses the relationship between institutional credit access and farmer satisfaction using contextual mediating and moderating variables. This study identifies various socioeconomic, service features and service quality determinants impacting institutional credit access. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the stratified random sampling method and selected 512 farmers from 40 villages in Maharashtra, India. Initially, the study employed probit regression analysis to identify the credit adoption determinants. Subsequently, the relationship between institutional credit and farmer satisfaction is identified through moderated-mediation analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures (SPSS - AMOS model). Findings Probit model's results suggest that socioeconomic variables like education and bank distance; service quality variables like prompt service and employee behavior; and service characteristics variables like the interest rate, loan sanction time, repayment period, and documents for loan application significantly affect institutional credit adoption across the smallholders. Subsequently, the results of the moderating-mediation analysis show that working capital, perceived value and risk perception partially mediate the association between credit adoption and farmer satisfaction. The mediated effects are further moderated by farm advisory services and financial knowledge and skills. Research limitations/implications The study is restricted in opportunity due to primary data, and it considers only farmers' perspectives to measure service quality and service features as constraints for institutional credit access. Practical implications The government, nongovernment organizations, civil societies and private institutions should provide sufficient financial knowledge and training to the farmers via extension services to utilize the borrowed capital effectively to bring economic welfare and mental satisfaction. Originality/value The existing literature rarely considered banking service quality and service features (demand side) variables as determinants of credit access. Further, the study brings novelty in examining how the capital management cognitive factors of the formal credit adopters influence the relationship between credit access and satisfaction.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Modulation of Electrical Properties by Ions, Hormones, and Drugs

The sections in this article are: 1 Effects of Electrolytes 1.1 Potassium Ions 1.2 Sodium Ions 1.3 Calcium and Other Divalent Cations 1.4 Chloride Ions 2 Effects of pH and Physical Factors 2.1 pH 2.2 Temperature 2.3 Stretch and Osmotic Pressure 3 Effects of Neurohormones and Their Receptor Stimulations 3.1 Adrenoceptor Agonists and Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation 3.1.1 β-Adrenergic Agonists and β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation 3.2 Cholinergic Agonists and Cholinergic Receptor Stimulation 4 Effects of Circulatory Hormones and Autocrine/Paracrine Substances 4.1 Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid States 4.2 Insulin and Diabetes Mellitus 4.3 Effects of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides Through Purinergic Receptor Stimulation 4.3.1 Adenosine and Adenosine Receptor Stimulation 4.3.2 External ATP and P2 Receptor Stimulation 4.4 Histamine and Histamine H2 Receptor Stimulation 4.5 Angiotensin II and Angiotensin Receptor Stimulation 4.6 Arginine Vasopressin and Vasopressinergic Receptor Stimulation 4.7 Endothelins 4.8 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide 4.9 Nitric Oxide 5 Effects of Drugs 5.1 Digitalis Glucosides 5.2 Potassium Channel Openers

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Parenthood and risk preferences

This study analyzes how risk attitudes change when individuals become parents using longitudinal data for a large and representative sample of individuals. The results show that men and women experience a considerable increase in risk aversion which already starts as early as two years before becoming a parent, is largest shortly after giving birth and disappears when the child becomes older. These findings show that parenthood leads to considerable changes in individual risk attitudes over time. Thus, analyses using risk preferences as the explanatory variable for economic outcomes should be careful in interpreting the findings as causal effects.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Evidence-based surgical treatment of carotid stenosis. Literature review.

Carotid stenosis is an important cause of transient ischemic attacks and stroke. The cause of carotid stenosis is most often atherosclerosis, which accounts for 10% to 20% of brain infarction cases. Despite the introduction of tissue-plasminogen activator and other promising experimental therapies for select patients with acute ischemic stroke prevention remains the best approach to reduce its impact. Stroke-prone patients can be identified and targeted for specific interventions. At this juncture, treatment of carotid stenosis is a well-established therapeutic target and a pillar of stroke prevention. Two main strategies exist for the treatment of carotid stenosis. The 1st is stabilization or halting the progression of the carotid plaque formation with medications and modifications of risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol). The 2nd approach is the elimination or reduction of carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty and stenting. Carotid endarterectomy is the mainstay of therapy for symptomatic, severe carotid stenosis. Although its role for asymptomatic patients appears more limited, it is distinct for severe stenosis. Carotid angioplasty and stenting are techniques in maturation with the attractiveness of being less invasive that face the challenge of at least replicating the results of surgery. In this article, we will discuss the surgical management of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis based on the evidence provided by the literature.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Complete Bilateral Ureteral Duplication: an Incidental Finding in Cadaveric Dissection

Ureters are muscular conduits that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. During embryonic development, partial or complete duplication of the ureter may result from early splitting of the ureteric bud or the presence of a second ureteric bud. Ureteral duplication is described in approximately 1 in 125 (0.8%) people at autopsy (Nation EF: 1944). Ureteral duplication occurs more frequently in females than in males, which is reported to be approximately 1.6:1. Unilateral duplication is 6 times more common than bilateral duplication. Ureteral duplication is generally associated with ectopia, where one ureter may open in the urethra, vagina, vestibule or epididymal region. Ureterocele is also commonly seen with ureteral duplication. A higher occurrence of uretorenal pathology has been recorded with duplication anomalies. Recognition of the possible effects of abnormal ureteral development is essential in determining the management strategies of the patients with urogenital disorders. We are presenting a case of a middle‐aged Caucasian female cadaver donor with bilateral ureteral duplication. In this case the upper right ureter (25 cm long) drained 3 major calices (~60% of the kidney); the lower right ureter (22 cm long) drained 2 major calices (~40% of the kidney). On the left, both ureters (upper 27cm and lower 25cm long) drained 2 calices each (50% of the kidney). Each set of ureters entered the urinary bladder enclosed in a common fascial sheath and opened separately in the trigone of the urinary bladder. On both sides, the upper ureteric opening was approximately 5 mm below and medial to the lower ureter. On the right side ureteric openings were marked by a prominent intravesicle ureterocele, however no such ureterocele was observed on the left side. No significant enlargement, constriction or polyps were seen in any of the ureters. The size and parenchyma of both kidneys were within normal range from a gross anatomical perspective. The left Kidney (11.2×4.2×3 cm) was larger than the right kidney (9.5×3.8×1.8 cm).There were no sign of renal cysts, hydronephrosis or calculus in either kidney. Urologists taking care of patients need to be aware of this normal variation. Of particular interest are endoscopic procedures, where a ureter that harbors a stone or tumor can be missed, if the normal non‐affected ureter was accessed instead.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INOVASI BISNIS PASCA ERA PANDEMI COVID 19 MELALUI KONSEP INTEGRASI SOSIAL

This paper aims to present opinions on how social integration can improve the community's economy and support existing economic activities. Here, social integration is needed so that this does not happen and besides that, social integration does not only unite people's thoughts but can also improve people's welfare if in the right context. Because as we know, Indonesia is currently being hit by an epidemic in which a lot of companies are harming the economy so that it disrupts the community's economy. Social integration is the process of creating unity, inclusion and participation at all levels of society in the diversity of personal characteristics so that everyone can be free to be who they want to be. Personal attributes include socioeconomic class, age, gender, sexual preferences and expressions, political ideas, ethnic and cultural characteristics, religion, nationality (country of origin), and geographic origin region, etc. Social integration allows people, regardless of their characteristics, to enjoy the same opportunities, rights and services available to the so-called dominant group. The business innovation in this paper is applied by applying AGIL theory through 4 important functions needed in the social integration system in meeting the economic needs of the transmigrant population and local residents: Adaptation (Adaptation), Goal Attainment (Achieving Goals), Integration (Integration), Latency (Latency). or Pattern Maintenance). Parsons explains his AGIL concept through a structural system of actions that includes behavioral organisms, social systems, cultural systems and personality systems. Behavioral organisms are action systems that carry out adaptation functions by adapting (adjusting) to the environment and also changing their external environment. While the personality system functions to carry out the function of achieving goals by setting system goals and mobilizing resources to achieve them. Then the social system copes with the function of integration by controlling the parts that are its components. Finally, the cultural system performs the function of maintaining patterns by providing a set of values and norms that motivate actors to act. Parsons' AGIL schema design is used at all levels in his system theory. In the language of the four parsons action systems using the AGIL scheme.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DNA vaccines: general concerns and its applications in human and veterinary medicine/ <br> Vacina de DNA: aspectos gerais e sua aplicação na medicina humana e veterinária

The vaccination with DNA is one of the most promising immunization techniques against a pathogens variety and tumors, for which the conventional methods have not been efficient. DNA vaccines are capable to induce immune humoral and cellular response, directed to lymphocytes CD4+ and CD8+, without the necessity of live microorganisms. In spite of the great potential of inducing protective immunity, the DNA vaccine not always has success. The immunity depends on several factors such as the selection of the target gene, construction of the expression vector, frequency and via of administration of the vaccine, amount of DNA, location of the antigen codified by the plasmid and age, health and species of vaccinated animals. This revision shows the development of some vaccines of DNA for diseases of interest in the veterinary and human medicine. A vacinação com DNA é uma das mais promissoras técnicas de imunização contra uma variedade de patógenos e tumores, para os quais os métodos convencionais não tem sido eficientes. Vacinas de DNA são capazes de induzir resposta imune humoral e celular, tanto para resposta de linfócitos CD4+ quanto CD8+, sem a necessidade de microrganismos vivos. Apesar do grande potencial de induzir imunidade protetora, a vacina de DNA nem sempre apresenta bons resultados. A imunidade depende de vários fatores como a seleção do gene alvo, construção do vetor de expressão, freqüência e via de administração da vacina, quantidade de DNA, localização do antígeno codificado pelo plasmídio e idade, saúde e espécies de animais vacinados. Esta revisão relata o desenvolvimento de algumas vacinas de DNA para doenças de interesse na medicina veterinária e humana.

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phase sensitive low-coherence interferometry using microwave photonics

We report on a low-coherence interferometer based on Microwave Photonics (MWP) which allows, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, stable determination of the interferogram’s phase. The interferometer is built on suppressed carrier, double-sideband modulation, dispersive propagation in a chirped fiber Bragg grating, demodulation by electro-optical frequency down-conversion, and suitable signal processing techniques to account for modulation impairments. Taking as a reference a direct normalization of the link’s microwave response, the system retrieves high-resolution interferograms, both in amplitude and phase and free from distortion induced by higher-order dispersion, in an optical path difference of 16.3 mm, surpassing previously reported values based on MWP implementations. We present representative applications targeted to the characterization of C-band sources and components, such as direct analysis of interferograms with 5.5 fs temporal resolution, Fourier-transform spectroscopy with 14 GHz spectral resolution, and optical low-coherence reflectrometry of the impulse response’s amplitude of fiber Bragg gratings with 0.55 μ m spatial resolution.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Brain Cholesterol XVIII: Effect of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on [U-14C] Glucose and [2-3H] Acetate Incorporation

The effect of a single injection of methylphenidate (Ritalin, 4 mg/kg) on precursor ([2-3H]acetate and [U-14C]glucose) incorporation into brain cholesterol was studied. The drug caused a steady decrease in the concentration of brain cholesterol during the 24-hr period examined. Incorporation studies during this time with [U-14C]glucose indicated higher than normal incorporation for all time periods studied. The most significant incorporation increases took place 2 and 4 hr after drug injection. Experiments using [2-3H]acetate as the sterol precursor gave incorporation values which tended (not significantly) to be lower than control values at 2 and 4 h. The values after 12 hr were less than normal, while the 24-hr group indicated an increase to or slightly higher than normal values. These data suggest that the pharmacological effect of methylphenidate may be due to lowering of brain cholesterol levels directly or on some more basic metabolic process leading to a decreased level of membrane sterols.

Topic: Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences