jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Processing and Mechanical Properties of Investment Cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy for Surgical Implants: A Progress Report

Recent advancements in the production of titanium alloy investment castings have enabled manufacturers to offer high-integrity net-shape components. Effective material utilization and attractive lead times for providing a finished product have fostered a growing interest in applying cast titanium technology to the production of surgical implant devices. Howmet Turbine Components Corp., a major producer of titanium castings for the aerospace industry, is currently evaluating the potential of investment cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy [ASTM Specification for Titanium 6Al-4V ELI Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (F 136-79)] for surgical implant devices. Manufacturing processes such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and weld repair, vital to production of net-shape titanium alloy castings, have been evaluated for cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI material. Smooth and notched tensile properties, as well as impact and fatigue strength, have been investigated with favorable results.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SMG-1 kinase attenuates mitochondrial ROS production but not cell respiration deficits during hyperoxia

Our findings show that hyperoxia does not promote a vicious cycle of progressive mitochondrial ROS and dysfunction because SMG-1-p53 signaling attenuates production of mitochondrial ROS without preserving respiration. This suggests antioxidant therapies that blunt ROS production during hyperoxia may not suffice to restore cellular respiration.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Globalization, China and the implications for the Newfoundland and Labrador fishing industry

This report reviews issues associated with globalization and specific challenges to the seafood sector in Newfoundland and Labrador. China has emerged as a major fish processing nation and is challenging developed nations. Low labour rates, high capital utilization rates and easy access to capital make China a formidable competitor. At the same time, inefficiencies within the Newfoundland and Labrador inshore sector challenge the industry to respond in this difficult environment. The industry has begun to adjust, however, structural challenges remain and this will likely limit the ability of the industry to adjust in the long term. This has implications for the long term survival of many fisheries dependent communities in this province.

Topic: Immigration Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DYNAMICS OF SYNTHETIC PHLOX DRUMMONDII POPULATIONS AT THE SPECIES MARGIN

We compare the dynamics of artificial populations of the annual Phlox drummondii introduced along a transect extending from within to beyond the species margin southwest of San Antonio, Texas. The margin is defined by a shift from sandy, nutrient poor soils to clay, nutrient‐rich soils. Fourteen sites were chosen along the 6.5‐mi transect. In each site seeds were planted into 1.5‐m‐square cleared plots and uncleared 10‐m transects. Transplants also were introduced into cleared plots. Survival, flower production and seed set were monitored over the course of the growing season. Individual fitnesses and the reproductive rates of artificial populations generally declined as the distance from the margin increased. The results indicate soil type per se is not limiting Phlox and that plants can successfully grow and reproduce, albeit at a reduced level, in sites beyond their natural margin.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds

Direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) formed from the collapse of atomically-cooled primordial gas in the early Universe are strong candidates for the seeds of supermassive BHs. DCBHs are thought to form in atomic cooling haloes in the presence of a strong molecule-dissociating, Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation field. Given that star forming galaxies are likely to be the source of the LW radiation in this scenario, ionizing radiation from these galaxies may accompany the LW radiation. We present cosmological simulations resolving the collapse of primordial gas into an atomic cooling halo, including the effects of both LW and ionizing radiation. We find that in cases where the gas is not self-shielded from the ionizing radiation, the collapse can be delayed by ~ 25 Myr. When the ionized gas does collapse, the free electrons that are present catalyze H2 formation. In turn, H2 cooling becomes efficient in the center of the halo, and DCBH formation is prevented. We emphasize, however, that in many cases the gas collapsing into atomic cooling haloes at high redshift is self-shielding to ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is only in a fraction of such haloes in which DCBH formation is prevented due to reionization.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-resolution last deglaciation record from the Congo fan reveals significance of mangrove pollen and biomarkers as indicators of shelf transgression

Abstract High abundances of mangrove pollen have been associated with transgressive cycles on tropical margins, but the detailed relations between systems tracts and the taphonomy of the pollen are unclear. We report here the occurrence and high abundance of Rhizophora pollen, in association with taraxerol, a Rhizophora -sourced biomarker, from a high-resolution Congo fan core covering the last deglaciation. An age model based on 14 C dates enables the temporal changes in taraxerol content and the percentage frequencies and flux (pollen grains (pg) cm –2 (10 3 yr) –1 ) of mangrove pollen to be compared quantitatively with the lateral rate of transgression across the flooding surface (derived from glacio-hydro-isostatic model output and the bathymetry of the margin). Rhizophora pollen concentrations and taraxerol content of the sediment are very strongly positively correlated with the lateral rate of transgression and indicate, independently of any sequence stratigraphic context, that mangrove pollen spikes are associated with the transgressive systems tract rather than the highstand systems tract or maximum flooding surface. Lower-resolution longer-term records from this margin indicate an association between taraxerol concentrations and transgressive rather than regressive phases. The flux of these materials to the Congo fan is interpreted as a function of the erosion of flooded mangrove swamp on the shelf and less importantly, changing extent of mangrove habitat, during sea-level rise. Congo River palaeoflood events also result in reworking of mangrove pollen and supply to the fan, but this mechanism is subdominant. Rhizophora pollen has been underestimated in many palynological studies undertaken on cores from the African margin because of inappropriate sieve mesh size used during laboratory preparation.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Jupiter's Enigmatic Ionosphere: Electron Density Profiles From the Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo Radio Occultation Experiments

Abstract Radio occultation experiments on the Pioneer and Voyager missions obtained the first seven electron density profiles N e ( h ) of Jupiter's ionosphere. We use the five complete N e ( h ) observations to assess patterns and processes linked to photo‐chemical‐equilibrium (PCE) theory, modeled previously to be the domain below ∼1,000 km. We find that the N e ( h ) profiles are highly structured and identification of the maximum electron density and its height do not follow PCE expectations for layers produced by the Sun's soft X‐rays and extreme ultraviolet. Pre‐dawn profiles often show larger electron densities than dusk‐side profiles, inconsistent with simple chemical decay throughout nighttime. We examined total electron content (TEC) values, defined as N e ( h ) integrated up to a 3,500 km height, and found statistically significant TEC correlations (correlation coefficient ∼0.85) with solar fluxes over solar cycle time scales. The subsequent set of 25 N e ( h ) profiles obtained during the Galileo mission confirmed all of the variability patterns found by Pioneer and Voyager. Most notable was a weaker solar cycle pattern for TEC. Yet, different solar cycle characteristics during the three missions cannot explain their different values for TEC. Average N e ( h ) profiles from the early missions (P10‐11; V1‐2) revealed a three‐layer system that was confirmed by average Galileo results. Models using faster electron‐ion recombination caused by vibrationally excited H 2 converting atomic ions to molecular ions could lead to enhanced removal of plasma near ∼1,000 km, and thus the topside layer formation that often appears at ∼1,500 km, while XUV radiation likely produces the two lower layers in the PCE domain.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
STAT3 is required for MiR-17-5p-mediated sensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) controls cell survival, growth, migration, and invasion. Here, we observed that STAT3 exerted anti-apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells. On the other hand, miR-17-5p induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and overexpression of miR-17-5p sensitized MCF-7 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via STAT3. Overexpression of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells decreased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, but STAT3 knockout abolished the miR-17-5p-induced increases in apoptosis. Finally, miR-17-5p promoted apoptosis by increasing p53 expression, which was inhibited by STAT3. These results demonstrate a novel pathway via which miR-17-5p inhibits STAT3 and increases p53 expression to promote apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Divergence and adaptive capacity of marine keystone species

Hedendaagse menselijke activiteiten en omgevingsveranderingen zetten mariene organismen onder druk. Kennis over populatiedivergentie, populatiegroottes en lokale adaptieve capaciteiten vormt een belangrijke uitgangswaarde voor het ontwerpen van duurzame managementmaatregelen. In deze these heb ik een populatiegenetische aanpak toegepast om de drie bovenstaande kenmerken in kaart te brengen voor drie hoeksteensoorten van de Noord-Atlantische en Baltische mariene ecosystemen. <br/><br/>Hoofdstuk 1 onderzocht de processen die de kolonisatie, extinctie en herkolonisatie van twee ondersoorten van de grijze zeehond aanstuurden in de Baltische Zee en de Noordzee. Dit werk laat bijvoorbeeld zien dat divergentie tussen de historische ondersoorten in de Baltische Zee en Noordzee waarschijnlijk aangestuurd wordt door een combinatie van menselijke invloeden en omgevingsveranderingen. <br/><br/>Hoofdstuk 2 richtte zich op Noord-Atlantische bultrugwalvissen en laat zien dat de Kaapverdische broedpopulatie zich tegenwoordig op een niveau net op of onder de minimum levensvatbare grootte van de populatie bevindt. Bovendien is de genetische uitwisseling met de enige andere Noord-Atlantische broedpopulatie in West-Indië beperkt, op een niveau vergelijkbaar met de genetische differentiatie tussen bultrugwalvissen in de verschillende oceanen. <br/><br/>Hoofdstuk 3 werpt licht op patronen in de genoombrede divergentie tussen twee zandspieringsoorten in de Baltische Zee en de Noordzee. Deze studie ging één stap verder dan alleen maar een focus op het genoom door ook te kijken naar darmbacteriegemeenschappen en omgevingsbacteriegemeenschappen in zeewater. Het kan dienen als referentiekader voor toekomstig werk waarin populatiegenomische en darmmicrobiomische data worden gecombineerd om de ecologische adaptieve potentie van organismen te onderzoeken.

Topic: Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Copies of the complutensian Polyglott on Vellum

Copies of the complutensian Polyglott on Vellum Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s3-IV, Issue 100, 28 November 1863, Page 431, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-IV.100.431f Published: 28 November 1863

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Facing software complexity on large telescopes

The successful development of any complex control system requires a blend of good software management, an appropriate computer architecture and good software engineering. Due to the large number of controlled parts, high performance goals and required operational efficiency, the control systems for large telescopes are particularly challenging to develop and maintain. In this paper the authors highlight some of the specific challenges that need to be met by control system developers to meet the requirements within a limited budget and schedule. They share some of the practices applied during the development of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) and describe specific aspects of the design that contribute to meeting these challenges. The topics discussed include: development methodology, defining the level of system integration, computer architecture, interface management, software standards, language selection, user interface design and personnel selection. Time will reveal the full truth, but the authors believe that the significant progress achieved in commissioning SALT (now 6 months from telescope completion), can largely be attributed to the combined application of these practices and design concepts.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stimulated Release of Cholesterol from Liposomal Membranes by a PEGylated Phospholipid

PEGylated phospholipids are commonly used to increase the blood-circulation time of liposomes by providing a steric barrier around them. This paper documents a fundamentally new property of these lipids-an ability to stimulate the release of cholesterol from phospholipid membranes. Evidence for such stimulation has been obtained by measuring the transport of dehydroergosterol (DHE), a fluorescent simulant of cholesterol, from donor liposomes made from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG(2000)), and DHE to acceptor liposomes made from POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG), and cholesterol. The potential of PEGylated lipids to serve as novel cholesterol-lowering agents is briefly discussed.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Production of Mycelia and Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Submerged Culture of Ganoderma applanatum Using Different Types of Bioreactor

잔나비불로초 배양에 적합한 생물반응기를 선발하기 위하여 4종류의 생물반응기 형태별 균사체 생장특성과 다당체 생산량을 비교하였다. 균사체 생산량은 기포통기형 생물반응기(<TEX>$7\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > 풍선형 생물반응기(<TEX>$6.2\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > 교반형 생물반응기(<TEX>$6\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > 컬럼형 생물반응기(<TEX>$5\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) 순으로 나타났으며, 기포통기형 생물반응기에서 가장 높은 세포외 다당체(<TEX>$1\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>)와 세포 내다당체(2.7%)를 생산하여 기포통기형 생물반응기가 잔나비불로초 균사체 배양에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 세포외 다당체의 분자량도 생물반응기의 형태별에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 기포통기형 생물반응기에서 가장 높은 분자량을 나타냈다. 기포통기형 생물반응기에서의 적정한 공기공급율은 0.05부터 0.1 vvm 사이로 나타났다. 특히 잔나비불로초 균사체는 배양하면서 배지의 점도가 높아져 점차 공기 공급량을 높여 주는 것이 좋은 것으로 판단된다. In order to select a suitable bioreactor type for the submerged cultivation of Ganoderma applanatum, both growth characteristics and polysaccharides production were compared among four different types of bioreactor. These include an external-loop type air-lift bioreactor (ETAB), a balloon type air bubble bioreactor (BTBB), a column type air bubble bioreactor (CTBB) and a stirrer type bioreactor (STB). The mycelial biomass produced from the reactors were in decreasing order: ETAB (<TEX>$7\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > BTBB (<TEX>$6.2\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > STB (<TEX>$6\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) > CTBB (<TEX>$5\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>). Maximal soluble exopolysaccharides (<TEX>$1\;g/{\ell}$</TEX>) and endopolysaccharides (2.7%) were also obtained from ETAB. Thus, the ETAB was most suitable for submerged culture of G applanatum mycelium. Based on the results, ETAB was chosen for further detailed study. The most effective aeration rate for the mycelial growth in ETAB ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 vvm. For the maximal production, the mycelium at the initial growth stage needed low aeration rate to reduce cell damages by fluid flow. However, as the mycelia grew, the culture became viscous and thus needed higher aeration. The molecular weight of exopolysaccharides obtained from the culture grown in ETAB was higher than that from the culture grown in other bioreactors.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Machine Learning in Agriculture

Machine learning is an emerging field of artificial intelligence which can be applied to the agriculture sector. It refers to the automated detection of meaningful patterns in a given data. Modern agriculture seeks ways to conserve water, use nutrients and energy more efficiently, and adapt to climate change. Machine learning in agriculture allows for more accurate disease diagnosis and crop disease prediction. This paper briefly introduces what machine learning can do in the agriculture sector.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanisms of bone blood flow regulation in humans

The current study is the first one to noninvasively investigate control of bone blood perfusion in vivo in humans, on a moment-by-moment basis. Our results indicate that tibial bone vasculature demonstrates active vasoconstriction in response to sympathoexcitatory stimuli in young healthy individuals. Compared with whole leg vasculature, bone vasoconstrictor response seems to be smaller, delayed, and more variable.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photogeological study of cenozoic landform evolution in the Cooktown area, North Queensland, Australia

Abstract The Great Escarpment of the eastern Cape York Peninsula of far northeast Australia consists of two parallel, offset segments. In the hinterland of Cooktown, these segments are separated by the Mesozoic Laura Basin. To the west of the Basin, the Great Escarpment appears to have evolved on a tiltblock associated with Cenozoic normal faulting along the Palmerville Structure, a major north‐south tectonic feature forming the western margin of the Basin. To the east of the Basin, the Great Escarpment appears to have developed along a north‐northwest axis of upwarping. The existence of this axis is supported by evidence of drainage capture, by the association between the axis and Quaternary volcanism and by fracture patterns in the Mesozoic sandstones along the line of the axis. The eastern segment of the Escarpment appears to be younger than the western. This model supports an earlier hypothesis of escarpment formation in the region as a result of en echelon double lines of uplift.

Topic: Geological and Geophysical Studies
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
P3.07: Treatment With Apraglutide Preserves the Global Homeostatic Environment of Intestinal Microbiota During Chemotherapy in Mice

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients experience profoundly altered gut microbiota composition due to dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis by conditioning regimens, broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and the introduction of foreign lymphocytes from the donor. A growing body of evidence shows reduced microbiome diversity increases the incidence and seriousness of graft versus host disease (GvHD) and bacteremia. Apraglutide, a novel long-acting synthetic glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), has been shown to protect gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium structure from chemotherapy-induced injury, improve survival, and allowed better body weight maintenance in mice undergoing chemotherapy. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of apraglutide on gut microbiota during chemotherapy with cytarabine. Methods: Balb/c mice received 30 mg/kg of cytarabine on Days 5-9 and apraglutide 3.3 mg/kg on Days 1-18. Control mice received the vehicle on Days 1-18. Fecal samples were collected over 24 hours for bacterial phenotyping at pre-treatment and the day before scheduled termination and for found dead or pre-terminally euthanized animals. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S taxonomical meta-sequencing. Results:Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the two leading bacterial phyla identified. Chemotherapy with cytarabine caused significant changes in the composition of bacterial species, increasing the Bacteroidetes population and decreasing the proportion of Firmicutes bacteria. The change in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes bacteria levels from Days 0 to 18 was significantly greater in the cytarabine-only and cytarabine + apraglutide mice vs. vehicle. However, this effect was reduced by apraglutide co-administration. The difference in the change between cytarabine-only and cytarabine + apraglutide groups reached statistical significance for both Bacteroidetes (0.2486; p<0.0001) and Firmicutes (0.2037; p<0.0001). In addition, the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes bacteria present remained more constant in cytarabine + apraglutide than in the cytarabine-only group. Conclusions: Chemotherapy profoundly impacted bacterial homeostasis in the mouse intestine, with a notable increase in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria populations. The proportions of different bacterial phyla in feces remained closer to normal when apraglutide was co-administered with chemotherapy. Treatment with apraglutide resulted in the preservation of the global homeostatic environment of the intestinal microbiota. Prevention of intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the improved outcomes (reduced body weight loss, increased survival) observed in mice when apraglutide is administered concomitantly with chemotherapy agents.

Topic: Neutropenia and Cancer Infections
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences