jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study of Strength Reduction Factor Preparation for Circular Concrete Columns confined by Carbon Sheet Tube

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 각도와 시트장수(3T, 5T 및 7T)로 제작된 카본시트 튜브로 구속된 원형 콘크리트 기둥의 압축강도 실험을 수행한 후 압축강도 실험실과 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 실험체는 <TEX>$300mm{\times}600mm$</TEX> 크기로 제작하였으며, 탄소섬유의 각도는 <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}0^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}45^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}60^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}75^{\circ}$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}90^{\circ}$</TEX>이다. 압축강도 실험은 10,000 kN UTM을 이용하여 0.01 mm/sec 가력속도의 변위 제어법으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과의 회귀분석을 통하여 각도별 압축강도 및 극한변형률을 예측하는 실험식을 제안하였으며, 국내 콘크리트 부재의 설계법인 극한강도 설계법 적용을 위한 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 강도감소계수는 Monte Carlo Analysis를 이용하여 해석을 수행하였으며 그 값은 0.64로 제안하였다. 탄소섬유시트를 이용하여 카본튜브를 제작하는 것은 시공자의 기술력에 따라 구조성능이 좌우될 수 있으므로 카본튜브 제작 및 시공 시 각별한 현장관리가 요구된다. In this study, circular concrete column specimens confined by carbon sheet tube with different winding angles and different number of carbon sheet plies(3T, 5T and 7T) were tested to propose design equations and a strength reduction factor. Specimens were designed by 300 mm diameter and 600 mm height with <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}0^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}45^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}60^{\circ}$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}75^{\circ}$</TEX> and <TEX>$90^{\circ}{\pm}90^{\circ}$</TEX> carbon fiber angles. A 10,000 kN UTM was used for compressive strength test of specimens by displacement control method with 0.01 mm/sec velocity. Estimation equations of compressive strength and ultimate strain of circular concrete column specimens confined by carbon sheet tube using a regression analysis and a strength reduction factor to apply ultimate strength design method of concrete were proposed. The strength reduction factor(<TEX>${\phi}$</TEX>) of circular concrete columns confined by carbon sheet tube was estimated as 0.64 by the Monte Carlo Analysis Method. Manufacture and construction process have to be perfectly managed by construction managers because the structural capacities of carbon tubes were depends on construction abilities of manufacturing operators.

Topic: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
In the Shadow of Max Weber: The Turn to and Use of the Axial Civilizations

100년 전에 세상을 떠난 막스 베버를 기리는 학술모임에 어울리게, 나는 그의 학문 유산을 오늘날의 ‘굴대’(axial) 문명 연구에 이어 가늠해보고자 한다. 야스퍼스는 기원전 첫 천년의 가운데쯤에서 인류가 처음으로 세속 영역을 넘어 초월 영역을 보고 이 두 영역 사이의 ‘긴장’을 감지케 한 문명이 고대 이스라엘, 그리스, 이란, 중국, 인도 지역에 나타나, 인류 역사에 되돌릴 수 없이 중요한 영향을 미쳤는데 이를 일러 ‘굴대 시대의 문명’이라고 불렀다. 그의 생각에 힘입어 굴대 문명 연구가 오늘에 이어지고 있다. 이러한 이해의 줄기를 다시 살펴, 나는 이 글에서 야스퍼스의 생각은 베버의 ‘세계 종교’ 연구에서 비롯되고, 굴대 문명을 사회학의 영역으로 끌어들여 새로운 논의의 마당을 연 아이젠스타트와 벨라 또한 베버의 생각 테두리를 벗어난 것이 아니라 이를 넓혀놓았다는 논지를 편다. 이어, 나는 서구 합리화 과정이 어두운 ‘쇠우리’의 상황으로 빠져든 모순과 역설의 상황을 문제시한 베버의 생각이 굴대 문명 연구에서 가볍게 다뤄지고 있다는 점을 들춰내고, 할 걸음 더 나아가 서양과는 달리 ‘우리’가 겪는 ‘대(竹)우리’의 문제와 씨름해야 한다는 논지를 밝힌다.

Topic: Religion and Society Interactions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mechanisms of Self-Organization and Finite Size Effects in a Minimal Agent Based Model

We present a detailed analysis of the self-organization phenomenon in which the stylized facts originate from finite size effects with respect to the number of agents considered and disappear in the limit of an infinite population. By introducing the possibility that agents can enter or leave the market depending on the behavior of the price, it is possible to show that the system self-organizes in a regime with a finite number of agents which corresponds to the stylized facts. The mechanism to enter or leave the market is based on the idea that a too stable market is unappealing for traders while the presence of price movements attracts agents to enter and speculate on the market. We show that this mechanism is also compatible with the idea that agents are scared by a noisy and risky market at shorter time scales. We also show that the mechanism for self-organization is robust with respect to variations of the exit/entry rules and that the attempt to trigger the system to self-organize in a region without stylized facts leads to an unrealistic dynamics. We study the self-organization in a specific agent based model but we believe that the basic ideas should be of general validity.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Student-centred Conceptual Model of Service Quality in Higher Education

This article considers the longitudinal service-quality experience of a sample of part-time postgraduate students over a 3-year period of study at a large UK business school. The qualitative research design is shaped by concepts in both the service quality and the educational quality literatures. The research identifies important aspects in students' evaluation of service quality and considers the role played by expectations in this process. The findings highlight three distinct stages in the educational service experience. First, the pre-course position, which is centred on service expectations. Second, the in-course experience and, third, post-course service value assessment. From these stages a conceptual model of service quality in higher education is developed. Finally, recommendations for further research are offered.

Topic: Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of hematopoietic hormones for bone marrow defects in AIDS.

Bone marrow suppression is a substantial problem in patients infected with HIV. Contributing factors include the underlying HIV infection, alterations in the marrow microenvironment (resulting in abnormal cytokine regulation of hematopoiesis), and opportunistic infections and their associated medical treatments. Hematopoietic stimulants offer the promise of correcting peripheral blood cytopenias, augmenting host immune function, and permitting the continued use of potentially beneficial myelosuppressive therapies, which would otherwise result in dose-limiting side effects. The bone marrow abnormalities and mechanisms that contribute to alterations in hematopoiesis in HIV infection are briefly reviewed. Attention is then focused on the expanding clinical role of myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO [Epogen, Procrit]) in the treatment of patients with AIDS.

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reproductive Success of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó at the Northern Border of Its Distribution Range

Data on the population structure, morphometric features of plants and seeds, and some features of reproductive biology (fruit set and seed productivity) of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó (Orchidaceae) on the northern border of the species distribution range (Komi Republic, northeast Russia) are presented. The seed size and flower number per inflorescence decrease significantly from south to north within the species range. In the Komi Republic, the seed productivity of Dactylorhiza fuchsii is lower compared to the southern parts of its range: one fruit contains, on average, 2900 ± 80 seeds, the average real seed productivity of the generative plant is 24 800 seeds. Despite the decrease in some indicators of reproductive success, the species forms quite large, well-renewing populations in the northern part of the areal.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Intracranial Teratoma and Approach to Fetal Intracranial Masses: Case Report

Konjenital intrakraniyal tümörler, oldukça nadir görülen çocukluk çağı santral sinir sistemi tümörleridir. Bu tümörlerin önemli bir kısmını teratomlar oluşturmaktadır. İntrakraniyal teratomların prognozları kötüdür. Prenatal tanı konulabilen olguların sağ kalım ve canlı doğum oranları oldukça düşüktür. Obstetrik ultrasonografi öncelikli tanı yöntemidir; bununla birlikte seçilmiş vakalarda, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) tanıya yardımcı olabilir. MRG, tümörün fetal beyinde yol açtığı hasarın ortaya konmasında ve gebeliğin prognozunun belirlenmesinde faydalı olabilir. Bu yazıda, 22. gebelik haftasında tanısı konulan fetal beyin teratomu vakası sunulmuştur. Bilgimize göre, bu olgu, literatürde yayınlanan 14. gebelik haftasında tanı almış olan intrakraniyal teratom olgusundan sonra en erken tanı alan ikinci intrakraniyal teratom olgusudur. Ultrasonografi ile fetal kraniyum içerisinde, heterojen eko sergileyen, düzgün sınırlı, yer kaplayan kitle ile birlikte sekonder obstrüktif hidrosefali saptanmıştır. Olgunun MRG ile elde edilen bulguları bu açıdan ultrasonografik bulgular ile benzerlik göstermiştir. Gebelik ailenin de onayı alınarak termine edilmiştir. Sunulan olguda MRG tanıya ve olgunun yönetimine ek katkı sağlayamamıştır. Bu sunumda, olgunun sonografi ve MRG bulguları ile birlikte bu vakalara obstetrik yaklaşım tartışılmaktadır.

Topic: Teratomas and Epidermoid Cysts
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transurethral Sphincterotomy Provides Significant Relief in Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injured Male Patients: Long-Term Followup Results

Blood pressure monitoring during cystometrogram provides an objective assessment of the presence of autonomic dysreflexia due to neurogenic bladder dysfunction, enabling better therapeutic management to control autonomic dysreflexia. Persistence of significant autonomic dysreflexia needs urodynamic evaluation if other factors for autonomic dysreflexia have been excluded.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Area Variation in Mortality from Diseases Amenable to Medical Intervention: The Contribution of Differences in Morbidity

Several conditions, whose timely and appropriate therapy should decrease case fatality, have been proposed as indicators of medical care quality for the National Health Service. Mortality rates for these diseases vary widely within the UK. To evaluate the contribution of varying incidence rates to these mortality differences, routinely collected morbidity and mortality data for 1974-1978 were analysed for 98 Area Health Authorities (AHAs) in England and Wales. Although differences in morbidity (as measured by hospital discharge and disease registration rates) and socioeconomic factors account for some of the area variation in mortality, significant heterogeneity persists after these factors are taken into account. This finding suggests that morbidity and socioeconomic factors are not the only determinants of mortality variation among areas for these particular diseases. Variation in quality of medical care may account for this result, although regional diagnostic and reporting differences and variation in disease severity among areas must also be considered.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
How do Runaway Adolescents and their Parents Perceive the Family? Measurement Invariance in the Family Functioning Scale

Exploring perceptual discrepancies and how they affect family life may be particularly relevant when household dynamics have broken down to the point that a child runs away or is forced to leave the home. This study explored the sources of differences between parents' and youths' reports of family functioning and, more generally, illustrates how to perform confirmatory factor analysis methods to purge error due to measurement invariance. Basic concepts and methods that are often needed in social work research are described. Creating uni-dimensional and configurable invariant subscales resulted in improved significance for the Conflict subscale over traditional methods. All other subscales remained significantly different between parents and youths at all levels of invariance. Findings highlight the caution required in using any scale to measure the same construct for two different populations, such as parents and children.

Topic: Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aerodynamic consequences of wing damage in dragonflies

Flapping wings are the primary means by which dragonflies generate forces, but they are susceptible to damage due to their inherent fragility. The damage results in a reduction in wing area and a distortion of the original wing, which in turn leads to a decline in flight ability. Furthermore, the flows of dragonfly fore- and hindwings exhibit an interaction, thus damage to the forewing can also impact the aerodynamic performance of the ipsilateral hindwing. In this study, we examine this problem through CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations on a series of damaged dragonfly fore-/hindwing models according to the probability of area loss from the literature. The flow fields and aerodynamic forces for the different damaged wing cases are compared with those for the intact wings. This comparative analysis reveals how the different patterns of wing damage modify the vortex structures around the flapping wings and lead to a drop in aerodynamic force production. The causes behind the diminishing aerodynamic performance are shown to be subtler than the pure area loss and are regulated by the changes in the flow field that result from wing damage. Wing-wing interaction becomes particularly important when forewing damage occurs.

Topic: Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chiral 3D Photonic Crystals as Compact Optical Isolators

We present a novel photonic heterostructure based on chiral 3D photonic crystals allowing for non-reciprocal transmission of light. We fabricate various corresponding structures by means of direct laser writing.

Topic: Photonic Crystals and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhancement of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in transgenic Escherichia coli expressing rice metallothionein isoforms

Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, ubiquitous Cys-rich proteins known to be involved in the homeostasis of essential metals, detoxification of toxic metals and protection against oxidative stress. In the present work transgenic E. coli overexpressing different rice MT isoforms including OsMT1, OsMT2, OsMT3 and OsMT4 showed higher tolerance against hydrogen peroxide stress. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the transgenic strains were higher than that in control strain when they were grown in the medium containing hydrogen peroxide. To understand the mechanistic action of MT on the removal of reactive oxygen species, the activity of CAT and SOD in the E. coli protein extract were assayed after addition of pure Zn2+/MTs, Fe2+/MT and apo/MT, whereas the activity of CAT and SOD did not change by the addition of apo/MT, the activity of CAT and SOD were increased after addition of Fe2+/MTs and Zn2+/MTs, respectively. These results open new insights into the role of MT as an activator of CAT and SOD by supplying metals.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Perceptual Delays and Speed of Reading and Tapping

Simultaneous presentation of two stimuli from different modalities often produces an experience of apparent sequence. There are stable individual differences in the direction and degree of this temporal displacement. Comparing the relative latency of perception of visual and tactile stimuli by the above procedure, it was hypothesized that intermodal differences in perceptual latencies will produce a corresponding hierarchy in speeds of reading and tapping. The results were in accord with this hypothesis. The relationship between perceptual latency and behavior was most evident, however, only among the older and less educated Ss.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Research Review on Automated Dispatch Strategies and Optimization Algorithms for Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids

Against the backdrop of the global energy crisis and environmental pollution, researchers are increasingly prioritizing the investigation and utilization of clean and green renewable energy sources. Wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as the most widely applied and mature renewable energy generation technologies, occupy a significant position within power systems. However, the intermittent and stochastic nature of wind and PV power generation can pose challenges to the stability and power quality of traditional power grids. Microgrids, serving as a key solution to this challenge, have become a major research focus in recent years. This paper synthesizes recent research achievements in microgrid energy storage, systematically organizing dispatch strategies and optimization algorithms. It reviews current advancements in these areas within microgrid research. The study demonstrates that energy storage dispatch strategies and optimization algorithms play a crucial role in enhancing renewable energy utilization efficiency and grid stability.

Topic: Power Systems and Renewable Energy
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India

A faunistic survey in Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh revealed 43 species belonging to 25 genera, 16 tribes and eight subfamilies in two families, Hybosoridae and Scarabaeidae of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. All the species are recorded for the first time from the Sanctuary, while 31 species are new to the scarab fauna of Chhattisgarh, India.

Topic: Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Re‐randomization tests in clinical trials

As randomization methods use more information in more complex ways to assign patients to treatments, analysis of the resulting data becomes challenging. The treatment assignment vector and outcome vector become correlated whenever randomization probabilities depend on data correlated with outcomes. One straightforward analysis method is a re‐randomization test that fixes outcome data and creates a reference distribution for the test statistic by repeatedly re‐randomizing according to the same randomization method used in the trial. This article reviews re‐randomization tests, especially in nonstandard settings like covariate‐adaptive and response‐adaptive randomization. We show that re‐randomization tests provide valid inference in a wide range of settings. Nonetheless, there are simple examples demonstrating limitations.

Topic: Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Site Conditions, Initial Growth and Nutrient and Litter Cycling of Newly Installed Short Rotation Coppice and Agroforestry Systems

As part of the BEST project, short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations established as monocultures with poplar (variety Max 1) and willow (variety Tordis) and an agroforestry system (AFS) with rows of willow interspersed with grassland alleys were newly installed in two bioenergy regions in central Germany, namely, the Göttingen district and the BERTA initiative (Thüringer Ackerebene Bioenergy Region). In the paper, these sites are characterised with respect to their climates, soil physical and chemical properties, initial crop management and growth rates, litter turnover and a first N budget after 2 years of growth. Results of the soil physical investigations indicated lower yield potentials for poplar and willow on the BERTA site due to an available soil water capacity below 140 mm and a low level of precipitation during the growing season (<300 mm). The soil chemical analysis revealed medium to high levels of nutrient availability, providing favourable growth conditions. The results of litter investigations indicated that litter production, decomposition and nutrient release were higher for poplar than for willow. The initial N budget and N use efficiency calculations indicated that willow SRC appeared to stimulate biological activity initially, which led to initial nitrate leaching. However, it is expected that this will largely cease with greater root development and N uptake by growing plants. It was apparent that poplar SRC was more efficient in terms of N uptake, whereas willow demonstrated better N utilisation.

Topic: Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ampicillin-Resistant Hemophilus influenzae From Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Since 1973, ampicillin-resistant isolates of nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae have increased in prevalence and clinical significance. Previous reports, however, have primarily been restricted to otitis media. 1,2 Hemophilus influenzae frequently colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis, and ampicillin-resistant strains of H influenzae have been isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis. 3,4 As bronchopulmonary infection is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis, 5 the occurrence of drug-resistant potential pathogens in this patient population is of importance. We retrospectively review the incidence of ampicillin-resistant strains of H influenzae and other Hemophilus species isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, from January 1977 to June 1981. Methods and Materials .—All results were retrieved by computer, using the Clinical Information Utility System at the Clinical Center of the NIH. Sputum was

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis, resolution, and chiroptical properties of hemicryptophane cage controlling the chirality of propeller arrangement of a <i>C</i><sub>3</sub> triamide unit

Abstract The five‐steps synthesis of a hemicryptophane cage combining a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit and a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) moiety is described. Chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to resolve the racemic mixture. The absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with the calculated ones. X‐ray molecular structures reveal that the capped benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit adopts a structurally chiral conformation in solid state: the chirality of CTV moiety controls the Λ or Δ orientation of the three amides.

Topic: Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences