jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Attractions of Dubai and Expo 2020: an exploratory study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide context to the evolution of tourist attractions in Dubai, retrospectively learn from the experiences of the Milan and Shanghai Expos and to highlight the tourist attractions of Dubai Expo 2020. In so doing, the paper also seeks to understand how attractions play a role in shaping the growth of the tourism and hospitality sectors in Dubai. Design/methodology/approach Data for this paper were gathered from primary and secondary sources. Informal discussions with officials of Expo 2020 generally and tourism stakeholders, in particular, who were willing to participate in this study, form the core of the primary data reflected in this paper. These discussions, which span a period of four weeks, were transcribed for later study and analysis. Findings First, the tourism industry, the bedrock of Dubai’s economy, has witnessed remarkable growth during the period 1990-2015 and beyond because of its rich tourism infrastructure comprising hotels, tourism activities and tourist attractions. Second, it is important that Dubai Expo draws on the experiences and expectations of prior events and can apply lessons learnt from the Milan and Shanghai Expo events. Third, that Dubai Expo 2020 can enable Dubai to build on its established image for excellent infrastructure, attractions, hotels, affordable amenities, easy accessibility and highly-developed air and road transport systems. Research limitations/implications Even if lessons learnt from the Milan and Shanghai Expo are taken into account, they may not account for unforeseen circumstances and sources of failure – though they provide a guide in relation to the conduct of a mega event. Practical implications Dubai Expo 2020 can enable Dubai to build on its established and broadening global appeal. Social implications Employment prospects will be enhanced by Expo 2020 that will project an image of Dubai as a world tourist destination to a far greater extent than it has done so to date. Social changes may also occur because of cultural exchanges during the Expo 2020 period. Originality/value The paper discusses how strategic planning for new attractions combined with the existing attractions will help spread awareness of Expo 2020. The observations made from this study can be used by other nations hosting similar events in similar geographical areas, to help prepare and draw on prior experience and lessons learnt.

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-parametric learning for natural plan generation

We present a novel way to learn sampling distributions for sampling-based motion planners by making use of expert data. We learn an estimate (in a non-parametric setting) of sample densities around semantic regions of interest, and incorporate these learned distributions into a sampling-based planner to produce natural plans. Our motivation is that certain aspects of the workspace have a local influence on planning strategies, which is dependent both on where, and what, they are. In the event that learning the density estimate of the training data is impractical in the original feature space, we utilize a non-linear dimensionality-reduction technique and perform density estimation on a lower-dimensional embedding. Samples are then lifted from this embedded density into the original feature space, producing samples that still well approximate the original distribution. A goal of this work is to learn how various features in the environment influence the behavior of experts - for example, how pedestrian crossings, traffic signals and so on affect drivers. We show that learning sampling distributions from expert trajectory data around these semantic regions leads to more natural paths that are measurably closer to those of an expert. We demonstrate the feasibility of the technique in various scenarios for a virtual car-like robotic vehicle and a simple manipulator, contrasting the differences in planned trajectories of the semantically-biased distributions with conventional techniques.

Topic: Human Pose and Action Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Causal properties of nonlinear gravitational waves in modified gravity

Some exact, nonlinear, vacuum gravitational wave solutions are derived for certain polynomial $f(R)$ gravities. We show that the boundaries of the gravitational domain of dependence, associated with events in polynomial $f(R)$ gravity, are not null as they are in general relativity. The implication is that electromagnetic and gravitational causality separate into distinct notions in modified gravity, which may have observable astrophysical consequences. The linear theory predicts that tachyonic instabilities occur, when the quadratic coefficient $a_{2}$ of the Taylor expansion of $f(R)$ is negative, while the exact, nonlinear, cylindrical wave solutions presented here can be superluminal for all values of $a_{2}$. Anisotropic solutions are found, whose wave-fronts trace out time- or space-like hypersurfaces with complicated geometric properties. We show that the solutions exist in $f(R)$ theories that are consistent with Solar System and pulsar timing experiments.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DISCUSSION ON THE CONFLICT AND BLEND OF TOURISM AREA AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL TOURISM

Regional tourism is to develop tourism areas systematically,which sets out from nature,economic,society,transportation and other conditions.The development of regional tourism needs to blend the administrative region and tourism area among regions.This kind of blend is not to put different parts simply or mechanically,but to reform inner operation institution.There are some essential differences existing between tourism area and administrative region,such as the aim and method of territorial partition.The formation of tourism area is the result of comprehensive function of different factors,including nature,person and market.While the formation of administrative region is mostly because of the result of national behavior,considering more about the convenience of administrative management and regional rule.The differences lead to operational and managerial conflicts during the development of regional tourism.The conflicts between administrative region and tourism area result from the stability of administrative region and dynamic development of tourism area,the closeness of administrative region and openness of tourism area,the power of administration and the power of tourism market.Also,the conflicts between administrative region and tourism area have resulted in some negative impacts,they are,the partition of tourism resources,unbalance of tourism resources protection and exploration,lack of overall tourism experience,increment of tourism development cost,and repetition construction of tourism areas.In order to eliminate the conflicts and the negative impacts between them,the government of different regions should take some methods,such as making the territorial partition of administrative region and tourism area more consistently,adjusting the administrative region appropriately during the development of tourism industry and strengthening the cooperation of tourism industry among regions.The most important thing is to construct benefit distribution system properly in order to realize the blend of tourism area and administrative regions.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Data and quality assurance tools from a new cardiac center in Denmark].

Open heart surgery was established at Aalborg Hospital in 1992. In the time period March to December 1992 cardiac anaesthesia was administered in 98 operations utilizing extracorporeal circulation and cardiopulmonary bypass. Mortality in coronary artery surgery was 1.6%. All patients were prospectively registered using a new dataform allowing registration of 228 patients related variables concerning preoperative status, course of anaesthesia and perfusion, surgery and postoperative intensive care. Quality assurance in cardiac surgery requires risk factor analysis, and registration of numerous data is a necessary tool. The software for our database system has been developed and programmed using the database programme dBASE IV from the Ashton/Tate Corporation.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solving Medical Mysteries: Hidden Stresses and Unexplained Symptoms

Bodily distress syndrome (medically unexplained symptoms and chronic functional syndromes in North America) is common, but few healthcare professionals have had formal training about its psychosocial causes. A systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment based on experience with over 7000 of these patients is described. Psychotherapists can improve outcomes with assessment for and treatment of current life stresses, the prolonged impact of adversity in childhood and somatic presentations of depression, post-traumatic stress, and anxiety disorders.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and prediction of survival after resection for pancreas cancer patients.

e15247 Background: To select the candidates for resection for pancreas cancer (PC) via radiographic appearances, response to chemotherapy or biomarker provide favorable outcome due to their aggressive biological behavior and high perioperative mortality. Recently inflammatory response to cancer progression and recurrence had been reported in several cancer but few in PC. Aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on outcome after resection for PC. Methods: From 2000 to 2010, 84 consecutive curative resection were performed for PC. Follow up is until DEC 2012. The date were retrospectively corrected and analyzed. Results: With median follow-up of 24 months, 54 patients had cancer recurrence and 44 died from the disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rate are 32.6% and 24.5% respectively. Lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, portal vein invasion (PVI) and preoperative NLR³a5 (n=8) were associated with both poor OS and recurrence in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that PVI was independent factor associated with recurrence. NLR was also independent factor associated with survival (Hazard ratio 0.328) in addition to PVI. The median OS of those with a NLR ³a 5 was 6.5 months compared with 24 months for those with a NLR < 5. Conclusions: High inflammatory circumstance, such as NLR³a5, have significant impact on survival for resected PC patients. Preoperative NLR measurement provides simple method of identifying patients with the high biological activity of PC.

Topic: Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Response of Erosion and Deposition in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach to the Application of Long-Liu Reservoiron the Upper Yellow River

Abstract Along with the global and regional climate change and the intensification of human activities, the run-off of the Yellow River basin has been reduced remarkably, bringing serious problems to the local economy and river ecology. In order to point out important scientific issues of human activities, especially the operation of large- sized reservoirs to the changes of scour and fill of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach and the basin management, the paper mainly analyzed the influence of human activities (Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs are called Long-Liu reservoirs for short) to the scour and fill of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach. It used the method of hydrologic and hydrodynamic computation model of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach, took the observed silt-discharge data of 1968~2004 to prepare a calculation plan of with or without the joint operation of Long-Liu reservoirs and quantitatively evaluate the influence of the operation of Long-Liu reservoirs to the channel scour and fill amount of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach. The outcomes show that the joint operation of Long-Liu reservoirs has increased the sedimentation of the reach. During the joint operation of the period of 1987~2004, comparing with the conditions of with and without Long-Liu reservoirs, the total sedimentation of the reach has increased 170 million tons, of which, 363 million tons increased in flood season and 193 million tons decreased in non-flood season. The research results can provide technical reference to the harnessing of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the upper Yellow River and have an important role in the Yellow River basin management.

Topic: Soil erosion and sediment transport
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Becoming An Adaptive Teacher: Technology Literacy And Ethics In The Digital Era

The digital era has fundamentally transformed the educational paradigm. This research examines the transformation of teachers' roles in addressing digital technology developments, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and social media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of technology literacy and digital ethics for teachers in creating adaptive and relevant learning environments. A literature review methodology is employed to identify key components required for teachers to transform into adaptive educators. The findings indicate that teachers need to develop five core competencies: understanding digital tools, critical information evaluation, interactive learning design, facilitating independent learners, and implementing technology ethics. This research contributes to developing a framework for adaptive teachers capable of utilizing technology as an opportunity rather than a threat in the educational process.

Topic: Digital literacy in education
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preliminary Lipid Analysis of Section 481-2-2

We investigated the solvent-extractable lipids of a Quaternary diatomaceous ooze (Section 481-2-2) from the Guaymas Basin.The section contained high concentrations of lipids, principally derived from algae.We also recognized components derived from bacterial and terrestrial sources.Major dinoflagellate blooms were indicated by the presence of dinosterol as the major component.The lipid composition was typical of that of Recent marine sediments and reflected a very early stage of lipid diagenesis.

Topic: Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heat Shock Proteins

This glossary, a revision of the IUPAC “Glossary for Chemists of Terms Used in Toxicology” [Pure Appl. Chem.65, 2003 (1993)] incorporating new and redefined terms from the “Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicokinetics” [Pure Appl. Chem.76, 1033 (2004)], contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, for terms frequently used in the multidisciplinary field of toxicology. The glossary is compiled primarily for those scientists and others who now find themselves working in toxicology or requiring a knowledge of the subject, especially for hazard and risk assessment. Many medical terms are included because of their frequent occurrence in the toxicological literature. There are three annexes, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in toxicology, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used by international bodies and by legislation relevant to toxicology and chemical safety, and one describing the classification of carcinogenicity according to the weight of evidence available.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phenotypic features of <i>RETREG1</i>‐related hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy

Abstract Background and Aims Homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in the RETREG1 gene result in Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type 2B. Clinical features include pain loss, autonomic disturbances, and upper motor neuron features. Methods We evaluated the clinical and genetic features of seven patients from four families with RETREG1 variants. Results Five patients were male. The median age of disease onset was 7.00 ± 2.81 (between 2 and 10 years). A combination of painless wounds, trophic changes, and foot ulcerations was the presenting symptom in five patients and walking difficulties in two. Motor symptoms were present in five patients. In a median disease duration of 30.00 ± 12.88 years, five patients had osteomyelitis, and three had toe amputations. A history of renal disease was present in one family. In another family, three affected siblings had short stature and a history of delayed puberty. Although sensory signs predominated the clinical findings, various degrees of motor signs such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and brisk tendon reflexes were noted in all patients. Nerve conduction studies showed axonal sensory‐motor neuropathy in five patients and sensory neuropathy in two. Three pathogenic variants were identified in the RETREG1 gene. Two unrelated patients had a homozygous c.433C &gt; T/p.(Gln145*), one a homozygous c.826delA/p.(Ser276Valfs*8), and the last had a novel homozygous c.102delC/p.(Ala35Glnfs*349) variants. Interpretation In our study, all patients showed signs and symptoms consistent with pain insensitivity. Although shadowed by sensory symptoms, motor signs were noted in our patients. Further studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between extra‐neurological features and RETREG1 mutations.

Topic: Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Figure S4 from Predicting Molecular Subtype and Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma Patients Using Deep Learning of H&amp;E Images: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4. Sample partitioning for training a MYOD1 mutation predictive model using K-fold cross-validation.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The study of the self-similar nature of human neuromagnetic responses when exposed to flickering light stimuli

In this work, we investigate the self-similar properties of the neuromagnetic responses of healthy subjects and a patient with photosensitive epilepsy in response to flickering light stimuli of different color combinations (red-blue, red-green, blue-green). The calculation of the fractality index for different areas of the human cerebral cortex is performed by the modified Higuchi method. Areas were identified in which spatio-temporal scaling is manifested to the greatest extent in photosensitive epilepsy. In addition, changes in the fractal structure of magnetoencephalograms of healthy subjects were found after exposure to flickering light stimuli. In the future, the use of machine learning methods for recognizing the images of topographic maps of the obtained numerical indicators will contribute to the search for new diagnostic criteria for neurological diseases and mental disorders (various forms of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, obsessive-compulsive disorders). The results obtained will be useful for specialists working in the field of neurosciences, physics of complex systems and cognitive psychology.

Topic: Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some Disputed Points in Primary Election Legislation

The widespread interest in nominating systems, particularly during the last ten years, has given rise to a great number of problems new to American politics. These questions are puzzling the reformer, the practical politician, the lawmaker and the judge. They are of absorbing interest to the student of political institutions and tendencies. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss only three of these problems, namely: the test of party allegiance, the formation of the platform under the direct primary system, and the majority required for nomination. As the party primary becomes more and more like an election, the more important does the question of party membership become. What constitutes a republican or a democrat? and how shall a satisfactory legal test be made? Originally this was a matter over which the party authorities possessed exclusive jurisdiction, and which they might regulate and control in their discretion. The republican committee decided what evidence was necessary to establish a right to participate in republican primaries, and the democratic committee denned and determined the essentials of democracy. The abuse of this power in many cases led to legal regulation of the party test. The most frequent test required is an expression of intention to support the party candidates in the ensuing election, coupled with a statement of past support of or affiliation with the party. In Michigan the test includes a declaration of sympathy with the objects of the party. In New Jersey, the voter must state that he supported a majority of the party's candidates at the last election, and intends to support the candidates named in the primary. South Dakota requires previous support of the party, belief in a “substantial part” of principles of the party, and intention to support the candidates nominated. Pennsylvania requires a declaration that the intending voter supported a majority of the party's candidates at the last election. The Missouri law of 1901 merely required that the voter answer affirmatively the question Are you a——?

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Unusual Presentation of Acute Annular Urticaria: A Case Report

Acute urticarial lesions may display central clearing with ecchymotic or haemorrhagic hue, often misdiagnosed as erythema multiforme, serum-sickness-like reactions, or urticarial vasculitis. We report a case of acute annular urticaria with unusual presentation occurring in a 20-month-old child to emphasize the distinctive morphologic manifestations in a single disease. Clinicians who care for children should be able to differentiate acute urticaria from its clinical mimics. A directed history and physical examination can reliably orientate necessary diagnostic testing and allow for appropriate treatment.

Topic: Urticaria and Related Conditions
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences