jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of English Language for Overcoming Cross Cultural Sensitivity

Human race is same even if colors and tongues differ. Redeeming the gaps between cultures will give a chance to the human to know each other and deepen their understanding of each other. What creates enmity and wars between people because they are away from each other. English as an international language provides in the context of interlingual and intercultural transfer of meaning and promotes a greater awareness of the world around you and keeps us informed about the happening that helps us in shaping the society we live and to the society we move. Language plays a crucial role in understanding humanity and can illuminate on human nature and existence in its fullness and overcome the complexity of communicating cross cultures; nations and linguistic border. Lack of cultural sensitivity has hampered business relationship and has caused lot of embarrassment. The main challenge is to overcome the cross cultural barrier. Globalisation has led to multicultural environment/workplace as well. There is an urgent need to appreciate and understand one’s countries cultural rule to overcome mutual abhorrence and develop brotherhood among nations. Cultural sensitivity is the awareness of the difference in a culturally competent atmosphere. In order to live a peaceful life one must understand one other’s culture to form a multicultural society or a globalised society that would help us to appreciate the complexity of cultures.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In Vivo Pilot Study Regarding the Effects of Amoxicillin on Blood Glucose Levels, Body Weight and Water Intake

Amoxicillin it is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agent and the first intention in the short-term treatment of infections in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) chronic administration on the laboratory mice�s body weight (BW), water intake and values of non-fasting blood glucose levels (n-FBG). Thus, twenty-eight C57BL/6 male mice, of similar age, randomly divided into a control and 3 treatment groups (n = 7) received subcutaneous injection, once per day, for 60 days. During the experiment the n-FBG, daily water intake, and BW changes were recorded every 10 days. The results of our study revealed that the chronic administration of AMC, at a concentration of 100 and 150 mg/kg BW/day, increased capillary n-FGB, and can be associated with a significant increase in the BW and daily water intake in mice.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
IMPACT OF THE “BONUSES FOR YOUNG FARMERS” MEASURE UNDER RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 2014-2020 ON THE EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF FARMS

The aim of the article is to assess the effects of the implementation of the submeasure “Support for young farmers to start their business”, type of measure “Bonuses for Young Farmers” under the Rural Development Program 2014-2020 on the results of farms and their competitiveness. In 2017, the group of farms that joined the implementation of the “Bonuses for Young Farmers” measure included 84 farms. It was a research sample and a panel at the same time. The control group consisted of farms of young farmers who did not benefit from sup-port under the Rural Development Program 2014-2020 in the research years, i.e. in 2017 and 2021 (latest FADN results). The research of this collective of farms was made on the basis of FADN data in 2017 and 2021. The subject of the farm panel research was: production potential, production organization, production and economic results, efficiency of use of production factors. During the analysis, it was found that the production potential of young farmers’ farms in both samples in 2017 was similar. The effect of the support was to increase the production potential in 2021 in the research sample by an average of 35%. Farm income in 2017 was similar in both farm samples. In 2021, differences in farm income levels were even greater. Income in the research sample increased by 211% and was by 149 percentage points higher than in the control sample. Land productivity in the research sample increased by 75.5% and labor productivity by 102.7% and was higher than in the control group by 44.6 and 53.4 percentage points, respectively. Labor profitability in the analyzed years increased in the research group by 220%, and in the control group by 71.7%. Evaluation of the support for young farmers’ farms in the “Bonuses for Young Farmers” measure indicated that thanks to the support, their production potential increased and their production and economic results improved and, as a result, their competitiveness increased.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Academic Boredom and its Relationship to Self-efficacy among Students of Hebron University and Palestine Polytechnic University in Hebron Governorate

The study aimed to find out the relationship between academic boredom and self-efficacy among students of Hebron and Palestine Polytechnic universities in the Hebron governorate. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers chose a random stratified sample of (541) students from both universities, the researchers applied the Academic Boredom Scale and the Self-Efficacy Scale after verifying both validity and reliability of the two scales. The results revealed that the level of academic boredom and the level of self-efficacy are moderate, and that there is a negative correlation between the academic boredom and students' self-efficacy. The researchers made some recommendations based on the results.They suggested that the content of the curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation methods should be reconsidered in order to reduce the risk of students being exposed to higher degrees of academic boredom due to the curricula content

Topic: Mind wandering and attention
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Violence Toward Judicial Officials

This article explores several unique aspects that distinguish judicial officials from other public figures targeted for violence. Assaults and threats against judicial officials derive from the officials' role in the judicial system. They tend to have multiple victims, be motivated out of anger or disappointment over a particular court case, andobecause of the court caseoinvolve an interpersonal relationship between target and assailant. The article also argues for the necessity of researching both attackers and nonattackers in order to compare the similarities and differences between them, for example, the method by which attackers and nonattackers choose to communicate with or contact their targets. The article concludes with a call for more research on local judicial jurisdictions. This promises the largest laboratory for understanding violence toward judicial officials. (Abstract Adapted from Source: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by SAGE Publications) Workplace Violence Courthouse Violence Courthouse Safety Criminal Justice System Justice System Personnel Victim Adult Violence Adult Victim Adult Offender Offender Motivation Violence Causes 03-05

Topic: Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Buildings and Their Plots

Lawrence Butler did not summarise the evidence for the medieval buildings he had excavated at Faxton, but given the importance of some of his findings and the prominent place they often find in regional and national reviews, some re-consideration seems appropriate here. In particular, Butler found ample confirmation for what he preferred to call 'mud buildings', a rather imprecise term for a type of construction which he had himself read about and photographed across Northamptonshire in post-medieval structures, but one which has barely been documented by medieval archaeologists even today. At the same time, Butler also saw structures which we now might interpret differently.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Thickness Effect on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films Fabricated by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

In this study, TiO2 thin films were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis from solutions with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 M. The deposition temperature was adjusted at 350 °C and all samples were annealed at 500 °C for 1 h in air. The thickness of TiO2 films was changed in the range of 50 to ca. 800 nm by varying the number of spray cycles from 1 to 21 and the solution concentration. The results showed that the mean crystallite size of the anatase structure, the surface roughness, and light absorption increased with the film thickness. The effect of film thickness on the photocatalytic activity was investigated with the photodegradation of stearic acid under UV-A irradiation. The optimal thickness of TiO2 films fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for photocatalytic self-cleaning applications was in the range of 170–230 nm, indicating a ca. 2.6 times-higher photocatalytic self-cleaning activity compared to the reference sample, Pilkington ActivTM. The photocatalytic results showed that the 190 nm-thick TiO2 film deposited from the 0.1 M solution applying seven spray cycles exhibited the finest grain structure and maximum photocatalytic activity, leading to 94% of stearic acid degradation in 180 min under UV-A light with the reaction rate constant k = 0.01648 min−1.

Topic: TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc) and numerical welding simulation as a method to determine the homogeneity

This research presents a hybrid approach to for the prediction of the homogeneity of mechanical properties in 3D metal parts manufactured using directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc). DED-Arc is an additive manufacturing process which can offer a cost-effective way to manufacture 3D metal parts, due to high deposition rate of up to 8 kg/h. Regression equations developed in a previous study were used to predict the mechanical properties of a wall structure using only the cooling time t8/5 calculated in a numerical welding simulation. The new approach in this research paper contains the prediction of the homogeneity of the mechanical properties, especially hardness, in 3D metal parts, which can vary due to localized changes in t8/5 cooling time provoked by specific geometrical features or general changes in dimensions. In this study a method for the calculation of the hardness distribution on additively manufactured parts was developed and shown.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The production of Spiropreussione A, an antitumor metabolite produced by endophytic fungus Preussia sp., with liquid fermentation

Spiropreussione A (SP-A), a metabolite of endophytic fungus Preussia sp. AS-5, showed cytotoxicity in vitro experiment toward A2780 and BEL-7404 cells with IC 50 values of 2.4 and 3.0μmol/L, respectively. The objective of this research was to optimize the medium and the liquid fermentation condition of isolate AS-5 for the production of SP-A by single factor and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the best medium for SP-A production contained glucose 2%, wheat bran 3%, KH 2 PO 4 0.3%, and MgSO 4 0.15%; the initial pH was 7.0. The optimum fermentation conditions were: inoculating 6 pieces of PDA fungal plates (Φ9mm) in 250mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 125mL medium, and incubating the fungus under the temperature of 25℃ for 16 days. Under such a condition, the content of SP-A reached (25.02±1.02)mg/flask and increased by 46.5% as compared to that before optimization [(17.08±3.24)mg/flask].

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PCEP Procedures and Protocol Extensions for Using PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) for Segment Routing (SR) MPLS Segment Identifier (SID) Allocation and Distribution.

The Path Computation Element (PCE) is a core component of Software-
Defined Networking (SDN) systems. It can compute optimal paths for
traffic across a network and can also update the paths to reflect
changes in the network or traffic demands. PCE was developed to
derive paths for MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs), which are supplied
to the head end of the LSP using the Path Computation Element
Communication Protocol (PCEP). But SDN has a broader applicability
than signaled (G)MPLS traffic-engineered (TE) networks, and the PCE
may be used to determine paths in a range of use cases. PCEP has been
proposed as a control protocol for use in these environments to allow
the PCE to be fully enabled as a central controller. A PCE-based
Central Controller (PCECC) can simplify the processing of a
distributed control plane by blending it with elements of SDN and
without necessarily completely replacing it. Thus, the LSP can be
calculated/set up/initiated and the label forwarding entries can also
be downloaded through a centralized PCE server to each network device
along the path while leveraging the existing PCE technologies as much
as possible. This document specifies the procedures and PCEP
extensions when a PCE-based controller is also responsible for
configuring the forwarding actions on the routers, in addition to
computing the paths for packet flows in a segment routing (SR) network
and telling the edge routers what instructions to attach to packets as
they enter the network. PCECC is further enhanced for SR SID (Segment
Identifier) allocation and distribution.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 6 of Genomic surveillance for multidrug-resistant or hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae among United States bloodstream isolates

Additional file 6: Figure S6. pKPN49_2, pKPN165_1, pTK421_2, and pKPN23_1 have little similarity to pK2044. Plasmid sequences were aligned to pK2044 using blast ring image generator (BRIG). A sequence identity threshold of 85% was used. Aerobactin biosynthesis genes are indicated with green arrows, salmochelin with orange arrows, rmpA with a blue arrow, and rmpA2 with a red arrow.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring: normal values, optimal thresholds, specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.

Ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring is increasing in popularity as the means to measure esophageal exposure to gastric juice and document the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, particularly before surgical therapy. Normal values for pH exposure were obtained from 50 asymptomatic healthy subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curves constructed from another 25 asymptomatic healthy subjects and 25 selected patients with other markers of increased esophageal acid exposure showed that a composite score and the percent total time pH less than 4 provide the most efficient interpretation of the test with a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 98% for the composite score, and a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96% for the percent total time pH less than 4. Repeat monitoring of healthy volunteers and symptomatic subjects in the inpatient and outpatient environment showed no significant difference, with the exception that the number of reflux episodes was significantly greater during the outpatient recording in volunteers. This did not affect the clinical accuracy of the test. Esophageal pH probes were well tolerated, but caused belching and coughing during the early part of the monitored period. We conclude that computerized ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring in the outpatient setting provides accurate and reproducible results.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CARTA Fellows’ Scientific Contribution to the African Public and Population Health Research Agenda (2011 to 2018)

Abstract Background: Since its inception in 2009, the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) program has focused on strengthening the capacity of nine African universities and four research centres to produce skilled researchers and scholars able to improve public and population health on the continent. This study describes the alignment between CARTA-supported doctoral topics and publications with the priorities articulated by the African public and population health research agenda. Methods: We reviewed the output from CARTA PhD fellows between 2011 and 2018 to establish the volume and scope of the publications, and the degree to which the research focus coincided with the SDGs, World Bank, and African Development Bank research priority areas. We identified nine key priority areas into which the topics were classified. Results: In total, 140 CARTA fellows published 806 articles in peer-reviewed journals over the 8 years up to 2018. All the publications considered in this paper had authors affiliated with African universities, 90% of the publications had an African university first author and 41% of the papers have CARTA fellows as the first author. The publications are available in over 6300 online versions and have been cited in over 5500 other publications. About 69% of the published papers addressed the nine African public and population health research agenda and SDG priority areas. Infectious diseases topped the list of publications (26.8%), followed by the health system and policy research (17.6%), maternal and child health (14.7%), sexual and reproductive health (14.3%). Conclusions and recommendations: Investments by CARTA in supporting doctoral studies provides fellows with sufficient training and skills to publish their research in fields of public and population health. The number of publications is understandably uneven across Africa’s public and population priority areas. Even while low in number, fellows are publishing in areas such as non-communicable disease, health financing, neglected tropical diseases and environmental health. Violence and injury is perhaps underrepresented. There is need to keep developing research capacity in partner institutions with low research output by training more PhDs in such institutions and by facilitating enabling environments for research.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stress granule-mediated sequestration of <i>EGR1</i> mRNAs correlates with lomustine-induced cell death prevention

ABSTRACT Some chemotherapy drugs modulate the formation of stress granules (SGs), which are RNA-containing cytoplasmic foci contributing to stress response pathways. How SGs mechanistically contribute to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions must be better defined. The chemotherapy drug lomustine promotes SG formation by activating the stress-sensing eIF2α kinase HRI (encoded by the EIF2AK1 gene). Here, we applied a DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis to determine the genes modulated by lomustine-induced stress and suggest roles for SGs in this process. We found that the expression of the pro-apoptotic EGR1 gene was specifically regulated in cells upon lomustine treatment. The appearance of EGR1-encoding mRNA in SGs correlated with a decrease in EGR1 mRNA translation. Specifically, EGR1 mRNA was sequestered to SGs upon lomustine treatment, probably preventing its ribosome translation and consequently limiting the degree of apoptosis. Our data support the model where SGs can selectively sequester specific mRNAs in a stress-specific manner, modulate their availability for translation, and thus determine the fate of a stressed cell.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermodynamic Studies of Ternary Systems:  I. LiCl−(<i>n</i>-Bu)<sub>4</sub>NCl−H<sub>2</sub>O at 25 °C

Osmotic coefficients were determined for the ternary system lithium chloride - tetra-n-butylammonium chloride - water over a wide range of concentrations and ionic strength fractions at 25°C by utilizing a gravimetric isopiestic technique. The mean ionic activity coefficients were calculated using the Scatchard -Rush - Johnson equations. Using the theories developed by Friedman and by Leifer and Wigent, the excess free energy, Friedman's interaction parameters, and contributions due to pairwise, triplet, and quadruplet interactions were determined. The types and relative strengths of ionic interactions in the system containing the hydrophilic lithium ion and hydrophobic tetrabutylammonium ion are discussed.

Topic: Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of complex and threatening environments in early life on brain size and behaviour

The ways in which challenging environments during development shape the brain and behaviour are increasingly being addressed. To date, studies typically consider only single variables, but the real world is more complex. Many factors simultaneously affect the brain and behaviour, and whether these work independently or interact remains untested. To address this, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) were reared in a two-by-two design in housing that varied in structural complexity and/or exposure to a stressor. Fish experiencing both complexity (enrichment objects changed over time) and mild stress (daily net chasing) exhibited enhanced learning and were less anxious when tested as juveniles (between 77 and 90 days). Adults tested (aged 1 year) were also less anxious even though fish were kept in standard housing after three months of age (i.e. no chasing or enrichment). Volumetric measures of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that complexity alone generated fish with a larger brain, but this increase in size was not seen in fish that experienced both complexity and chasing, or chasing alone. The results highlight the importance of looking at multiple variables simultaneously, and reveal differential effects of complexity and stressful experiences during development of the brain and behaviour.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Ninhydrin and Isatin Based Hydrazones in Water Using PEG‐OSO<sub>3</sub>H as a Highly Efficient and Homogeneous Polymeric Acid‐Surfactant Combined Catalyst.

Abstract Title compounds (III) and (V) are synthesized via reaction of ninhydrin (I) and isatin (IV) with the novel carbazate (II).

Topic: Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences