jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Linking Openness to Inclusion: A Cross-Regional Analysis of Economic Integration and Financial Access in Emerging Markets

This investigation evaluates the influence of economic integration on levels of financial inclusion across 32 middle-income economies between 2000 and 2023. A multidimensional index of financial inclusion is first derived by applying coefficient-of-variation weights to six core indicators that capture accessibility, utilisation, and depth of financial services. In parallel, two integration indices, i.e., global and regional, are formulated by combining conventional measures of trade openness with cross-border financial flows, thereby reflecting both goods-market and capital-market connectivity. Panel regression techniques controlling for country-specific heterogeneity and time-fixed effects reveal that deeper economic integration is associated with statistically significant improvements in financial inclusion. Moreover, the magnitude of this relationship is larger for global integration than for regional linkages, suggesting that participation in worldwide networks delivers broader financial-sector benefits than geographically limited agreements. Sub-sample analyses for Latin America, Asia, and Africa corroborate the main results, and a battery of robustness checks, including alternative weighting schemes, exclusion of crisis years, and dynamic specifications, confirms their stability. Estimation diagnostics further indicate the absence of multicollinearity and serial correlation, reinforcing confidence in the empirical strategy. Policy implications are twofold: first, middle-income governments should continue to pursue outward-oriented trade and investment policies as part of a broader agenda for inclusive finance; second, complementary domestic reforms, such as strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing financial literacy, and expanding digital infrastructure are indispensable for translating the gains from openness into tangible access for underserved populations. These refinements would sharpen causal inference and inform precise policy.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
FDM-FSK star network with a tunable optical filter demultiplexer

An optical frequency-division-multiplexed star network is analysed and demonstrated experimentally using two 45Mbit/s frequency-shift-keyed laser channels at 1.5 μm. A tunable fibre Fabry–Perot filter is used as demultiplexer. The analysis predicts and experiment supports a minimum channel spacing of about six times bit rate B for a single FFP and 3B for a tandem FFP.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure S3 from A YAP/TAZ-Regulated Molecular Signature Is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Gene set enrichment analysis of the YAP/TAZ-activated genes.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Operating within the Rules: Welfare Recipients' Experiences with Sanctions and Case Closings

This article examines the experiences of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families recipients with sanctions and administrative case closings, as reported by respondents in a survey of families in low‐income neighborhoods in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio. Among those who said that their welfare benefits had been reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with the rules, the most common reasons provided were missing an appointment or not filing paperwork. In comparison with other families that had received welfare in the previous 2 years, families that were penalized were more disadvantaged in a number of respects, including lower education and poorer health.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Intuitions, philosophical appeals to

Intuitions are, according to many philosophers, treated as a primary source of evidence in much distinctively philosophical inquiry. While some contest this claim, if it is true, then the intellectual respectability of such inquiry depends on whether intuitions are properly suited to serve as evidence. Almost all agree that intuitions are mental states with propositional content. Some philosophers take intuitions to be beliefs of some kind. Others reject the claim that intuitions are beliefs. They hold that intuitions are occurrent conscious mental states with a distinctive subjective character. Critics of the use of intuitions as evidence maintain that intuitions are an improper foundation for belief, alleging that they are unverifiable, unreliable, or scientifically unacceptable. Defenders of the use of intuitions maintain that intuitions are, while different from the perceptual states that serve as the basis of empirical inquiry, nonetheless justifiably treated as a foundation for philosophical inquiry.

Topic: Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The State, demographic change and the family in Northern Vietnam 1945-1995

The thesis attempts to isolate ways in which the political and economic changes wrought by the northern Vietnamese state between 1945 and 1995 have influenced trends in northern Vietnamese mortality and fertility over the same period. The thesis also attempts to show how the demographic trends, and political and economic changes, have influenced the demography of northern Vietnamese families-in particular the demography of succession and of co-residence. Between 1945 and the early 1980s the northern Vietnamese state pursued a communist development strategy while fighting major wars. The economic institutions introduced by the government were subverted on a large scale and were highly inefficient. Nevertheless, from about the 1950s, mass campaigns and a system of locally-funded rural health centres brought about a rapid decline in mortality. Fertility began to decline slowly in the 1960s. Reasons for the decline included reduced infant mortality, wartime disruption, rising education costs, and, in the cities, the introduction of old-age support schemes. War deaths only partly undid the effects of the mortality decline and sustained high fertility, so that the population continued to grow rapidly, and the mean number of surviving children per woman reached historically unprecedented levels. During the 1980s, the Vietnamese state began to abandon its communist development strategy, in response to successive economic crises and to spontaneous grass roots innovations. Economic reform disrupted the health system, which had already been weakened through lack of investment; mortality nevertheless declined slightly through the 1980s. The fertility decline continued, hastened by economic expansion and the government's birth control program. Northern Vietnam's demographic trends have meant that unprecedentedly high proportions of families have been able to conform to northern Vietnam’s patrilineal succession rules. Demographic change has thus undermined the government's attempt to propagate new succession rules less biased against women. In contrast, and despite perceptions to the contrary, household size and structure have not changed markedly between 1945 and 1995. The relative stability in co-residence patterns has been a result of offsetting effects between mortality decline, fertility decline,and government policy.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Paradoxical immunodeficiencies—When failures of innate immunity cause immunopathology

Abstract Innate immunity facilitates immediate defense against invading pathogens throughout all organs and tissues but also mediates tissue homeostasis and repair, thereby playing a key role in health and development. Recognition of pathogens is mediated by germline‐encoded PRRs. Depending on the specific PRRs triggered, ligand binding leads to phagocytosis and pathogen killing and the controlled release of immune‐modulatory factors such as IFNs, cytokines, or chemokines. PRR‐mediated and other innate immune responses do not only prevent uncontrolled replication of intruding pathogens but also contribute to the tailoring of an effective adaptive immune response. Therefore, hereditary or acquired immunodeficiencies impairing innate responses may paradoxically cause severe immunopathology in patients. This can occur in the context of, but also independently of an increased microbial burden. It can include pathogen‐dependent organ damage, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of research of several different such immune paradoxes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing immunopathology as a consequence of failures of innate immunity may help to prevent life‐threatening disease.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Some Problems in the Analysis of Auger Electron Spectra

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. W. Haas, J. T. Grant, G. J. Dooley; Some Problems in the Analysis of Auger Electron Spectra. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 January 1970; 7 (1): 43–45. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1315825 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The configuration of β-eucaine and β-isoeucaine

Abstract The configurations of the two isomers, β-eucaine (benzamine hydrochloride B.P.C. 1954) and β-isoeucaine have been deduced. As a result of a study of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and of catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation, the α-form has been assigned an equatorial hydroxyl group on C-4 and the β-form an axial hydroxyl group in this position.

Topic: Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
MUC5AC mucin gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells

MUC5AC is a secretory mucin normally expressed by the surface mucous cells of the human stomach and in the bronchial tract. It is absent from normal pancreas, but de novo expression of this mucin occurs in early-stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias and in the invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, prompting this study of MUC5AC gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Promoter deletion constructs and EMSA studies revealed that transcription factors Sp1 and AP-1 are both involved in basal transcription of the MUC5AC gene. Phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) increased MUC5AC mRNA expression and transcriptional activities of MUC5AC promoter-reporter deletion constructs containing AP-1 consensus sites. EMSA studies showed that Fos/Jun binding to putative AP-1 sites is increased by PMA treatment. Western blot analysis showed that ERK, JNK and p38 are all activated by PMA treatment in SW1990 cells. Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK), such as ERK inhibitor PD98059 and JNK inhibitors dicumarol and SP60015, but not p38 inhibitor SB203580, inhibited PMA-induced MUC5AC reporter activity. Our studies indicate that Sp1 is involved in basal MUC5AC promoter activity while AP-1 is involved in basal and PMA-induced MUC5AC promoter activation in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, PMA-induced MUC5AC gene transcription appears to be mediated by activating Sp1, PKC/ERK/AP-1 and PKC/JNK/AP-1 pathways.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluorescence Quantificationby Photon Statistics: FromObjective Characterization toApplication

Quantitative information is key to unravel molecular processes in all fields of research. Counting by Photon Statistics (CoPS) is a single molecule technique that provides such quantification for fluorescent species. CoPS exploits the photon antibunching effect to infer&#13;\nthe number of independent emitters and their molecular brightness from multiple photon detection events. I laid the foundation for high quality results by improving the microscope detection efficiency more than threefold compared to earlier measurements. Using both simulations&#13;\nand experiments with defined, DNA-based probes, I investigated the critical interplay of fluorophore properties and analysis parameters. I discovered that measurements at high molecular brightness can be ten times faster than previously established which opens new possibilities for time resolved quantification. The findings stress that the choice of analysis parameters is vital and provide an objective measure of fluorophore eligibility for CoPS. I characterized sixteen&#13;\norganic dyes across the visible spectrum based on their molecular brightness and photostability. This study accomplished the transition of CoPS from a proof of concept technique to a widely applicable quantification method. Experiments demonstrated that CoPS can reveal&#13;\nthe label number distribution of fluorescent markers, a prerequisite for quantitative investigations in biology. Moreover, I showed that CoPS offers new perspectives for characterization of photophysical processes in photoluminescent materials.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The incidence of abdominal obesity and the associated metabolic disturbances in the children aged 7-13 years

Stage 1 of the present study was designed to estimate the incidence of abdominal obesity among 878 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 13 years using the percentile tables for the waist circumference (WC) in the children's population of the United Kingdom and from the WC/height ratio that makes it possible to identify children at the highest risk of metabolic disturbances. The incidence of abdominal obesity based on the criterion of WC≤90th percentile (PC) for the age and the sex was estimated to be 33.1% for the entire group in the absence of significant difference between boys and girls (30.7% vs 35,5%). The incidence of abdominal obesity based on the criterion of WC/height ratio with a threshold value of ≤0.5 was 9.9% for both sexes in the entire group; it was significantly higher in the boys than in the girls (13.1% vs 6.9%). At the second stage of the study, the group of the children having WC≤90th percentile (n=51) showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, blood triglyceride and insulin levels and HOMAIR index but lower HDL levels than control patients with WC &lt; 90th percentile (n=28). The results of the study suggest the high incidence of abdominal obesity among young schoolchildren residing in large cities. Moreover, such children tend to develop metabolic disturbances and are at risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
(102343) Rhoda Sillman

This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic &amp; Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electric Field Effects on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Perspectives and Outlook

The grand challenges in renewable energy lie in our ability to comprehend efficient energy conversion systems, together with dealing with the problem of intermittency via scalable energy storage systems. Relatively little progress has been made on this at grid scale and two overriding challenges still need to be addressed: (i) limiting damage to the environment and (ii) the question of environmentally friendly energy conversion. The present review focuses on a novel route for producing hydrogen, the ultimate clean fuel, from the Sun, and renewable energy source. Hydrogen can be produced by light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but it is very inefficient; rather, we focus here on how electric fields can be applied to metal oxide/water systems in tailoring the interplay with their intrinsic electric fields, and in how this can alter and boost PEC activity, drawing both on experiment and non-equilibrium molecular simulation.

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Small Island States in the Face of Climatic Change: The End of the Line in International Environmental Responsibility

Small island developing states (SIDS) are increasingly recognized as deserving of special consideration both in international law generally and in international environmental law in particular.This special recognition has grown since the 1992 Earth Summit and was clearly reflected in the 1994 Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (to be revisited in 2004) and within the 2002 Plan of Implementation from the World Summit on Sustainable Development. 1 These documents all reflect the same consideration: that most SIDS face an uphill battle in meeting the challenges of sustainable development irrespective of climate change.Accordingly, they already need specific assistance to meet the economic, social, and environmental problems which already affect them.Accordingly, as the Political Declaration of the 2002 World Sum-

Topic: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data sharing and GRA weight optimization for power prediction of distributed photovoltaic power plant considering missing NWP information

Since the output of photovoltaic power generation has a strong intermittency and volatility, the access of large-scale photovoltaic power plants will impact the stability of the power grid, so it is crucial to accurately predict the output of photovoltaics. In addition, because some photovoltaic power plants cannot obtain the relevant numerical weather prediction (NWP) information for power prediction, this poses new challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. On this basis, this paper proposes a power prediction model for distributed photovoltaic power plant based on data sharing and grey relation analysis (GRA) weight optimization. Firstly, the K-means algorithm is used to cluster the output spatial correlation of photovoltaic power plants, and GRA is used to optimize the weight of the reference power station, and the output of the target power station with missing NWP data is predicted by one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN). According to the example analysis of ten distributed photovoltaic power plants in some cities in Hebei Province, the results show that the RMSE of sunny day prediction is 3.34%, and the RMSE of non-sunny day prediction is 9.15%, which has high accuracy and feasibility, and lays a foundation for the stable operation of the power grid.

Topic: Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Urban noise pollution in the city of Curitiba, Brazil

This paper presents the results obtained from a study on environmental noise pollution in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The equivalent sound-level values LAeq, 2 h were measured and tabulated for 1000 locations spread over the urban zones of the city of Curitiba in several urban zones: residential, mixed, services, downtown, and industrial. It was found that 93.3% out of the surveyed locations display during the day equivalent sound levels over 65 dB(A), and 40.3% out of the total number of locations measured during the day display extremely high values of equivalent sound levels: over 75 dB(A). The average noise levels per zone has ranged from 73.4 to 78.1 dB(A). (To be presented in Portuguese.)

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Validation of Interpersonal Patterns Scale for Married Couples

Marital relationships in Pakistan are shaped by collectivist cultural norms, extended family involvement, and traditional gender roles, necessitating culturally sensitive tools to assess interpersonal patterns (IPs). Existing Western scales, such as the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, often fail to capture these nuances, highlighting the need for an indigenous Interpersonal Patterns Scale (IPS) tailored for Pakistani married couples. This study aimed to develop and validate the IPS to measure adaptive and maladaptive IPs within Pakistan’s socio-cultural context, addressing a critical gap in marital research. A mixed-method design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. In Phase 1, phenomenological interviews with 18 married individuals and three therapists generated an initial pool of 77 items, refined to 37 through thematic analysis. Phase 2 established content validity using a Content Validity Index (CVI) with three expert therapists. A pilot study in Phase 3 tested the scale’s user-friendliness with 20 participants. In Phase 4, psychometric properties were assessed with 300 married individuals (150 couples) using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), alongside concurrent validity with the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale and Revised Adult Attachment Scale. EFA revealed a two-factor structure: Healing Interpersonal Pattern (29 items, α = .97) and Sociocultural Interpersonal Pattern (8 items, α = .89), explaining 58.46% of the variance. The scale demonstrated strong content validity (S-CVI = 1.00), split-half reliability (r = .80–.85), and concurrent validity, with Healing IPs positively correlated with marital satisfaction (r = .69, p &lt; .01) and close attachment style (r = .21, p &lt; .01), and Sociocultural IPs linked to anxious attachment style (r = .34, p &lt; .01). The IPS effectively captures Pakistan-specific marital dynamics, offering a reliable tool for research and clinical interventions.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences