jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chromium influence on Mg-Al intracrystalline exchange in spinels and geothermometric implications

Flux-grown spinel crystals belonging to the MgAl2O4-MgCr2O4 spinel series were investigated to reveal the effects of Cr substituting for Al on cation distribution and their influence on Mg-Al intra- crystalline exchange. Samples were structurally and chemically characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe, and cation distribution was obtained with a tested optimization model for site populations. The results evidenced that the contribution of the tetrahedral bond distance to the unit-cell parameter is smaller than that of the octahedral bond distance, which is driven by the substitution of Cr for Al. Moreover, the influence that Cr exerts on Mg-Al order-disorder intersite exchange is non-linear along the whole series. The comparison between the cation distributions derived from crystal-chemical data and the O’Neill-Navrotsky thermodynamic model (with αMg-Al = 23 kJ/mol and bMg-Al = 13 kJ/mol) shows large discrepancies, which can be reconciled assuming αMg-Al values variable from 23 to 100 kJ/mol as a function of Cr. This suggests that, irrespective of temperature, the Al ordering at the octahedrally coordinated site increases with increasing Cr substitution for Al. The geothermometric implications of the present study point out that closure temperatures, calculated from a well-tested intersite geother- mometer, are reliable for spinels with magnesiochromite component smaller than 85%, i.e., Cr/(Cr+Al) < 0.85, whereas spinels with larger magnesiochromite component yield unreliable closure temperature.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Perspective: new pathogens: Branhamella catarrhalis, Capnocytophaga turleri, Corynebacterium group JK].

Branhamella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of upper and lower respiratory tract. According to findings in literature, it mostly causes bronchopulmonary infections. Capnocytophaga is a newly recognized genus of the gram negative bacilli. In various reports, it has been recognized that capnocytophaga mostly causes sepsis. Bacteria of Corynebacterium group JK (CJK) cause many important local infections and sepsis.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Rhetorical Features of Reduplication

Reduplication is a widely used device both in everyday life and literary works with its distinctive characteristics and communicative value. In this paper, the author, from a pragmatic point of view, analyses the speaker's intention supported with quantities of examples taken from actual life, and concludes the paper with four of its rhetorical features.

Topic: Literature, Language, and Rhetoric Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Utilizing Modern Frac Baffles Improves Completion Efficiencies

Abstract As hydrocarbon production costs rise, the need for greater completion and production efficiency is becoming increasingly important. The Haley Field in the Delaware Basin of West Texas has begun utilizing frac baffles in order to improve the overall efficiency of the multi-stage completion process. The frac baffles, which are strategically placed within the casing string, allow for zonal isolation by means of dropping a frac ball that seats on the frac baffle at the specified depth. The isolated zone is then ready to be perforated and fractured. The process of utilizing frac baffles has proven to be more efficient compared to the traditional method of setting composite bridge plugs for zonal isolation. First, the need for wireline is reduced because there is no need to set composite bridge plugs. Additionally, the challenges experienced with setting and milling the composite bridges plugs are completely eliminated. Finally, the processes of perforating, stimulating, and coiled tubing milling have been dramatically improved. In particular, coiled tubing milling of the frac baffles / balls has improved in the areas of milling speed, coiled tubing cycling, and circulation of milled particles returned. Most important, is the significant operational time savings, which allows the well to be brought on production faster. Since October 2006, approximately 30 wells have been completed with this method. This paper provides an introduction to the frac baffle technology and shows how the utilization of frac baffles has improved the efficiency of the completion process. Specifically, the improvement with coiled tubing milling of the frac baffles / balls over the traditional composite bridge plugs is compared and discussed.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Causes and consequences of social conflicts among rural families in Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted in three tehsils, Gujranwala, Nowshera Virkan and Wazirabad of district Gujranwala. The major objective of the study was to explore the causes and consequences of the different conflicts faced by the rural people. A total 384 respondents were chosen at random. Data were collected through face-to-face interview technique on a structured, validated and reliable interview schedule from randomly selected 384 respondents. Collected data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that, conflicts between two groups; conflicts over access to power, feeling of self-superiority, dispute over access to agricultural resources, mutual farming, disturbance in family relationship and theft of farm produce were the major causes of the conflicts as perceived by respondents. The conflicts had adverse impacts on the availability of labor, inputs, and farm assets and more importantly on adoption of innovations among farmers in particular. In result, decrease in farm production and income of farmers was more likely. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that, age, education, income level, land size and farming experience of respondents had statistically significant relationship (P

Topic: Livestock Management and Performance Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Postaxial polydactyly.

We present a case of postaxial polydactyly with well formed six digits on left hand and seven digits on right hand. Both conditions are rare and combination of these two conditions even rarer. The patient also had supernumerary sixth right toe and cleft lip. Very few cases of postaxial polydactyly are reported previously.

Topic: Congenital limb and hand anomalies
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Operative transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy of a large ovarian endometrioma

Objectives The purpose of this case report is to describe the feasibility of transvaginal underwater surgery for reconstruction of the ovary with a large endometrioma. Design Descriptive study. Setting Tertiary referral centre for reproductive medicine. Interventions Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy and bipolar surgery were used as the techniques for access and surgery of a large ovarian endometrioma. Results A two‐step procedure was performed with the first step under general anaesthesia and the second under conscious sedation. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy allowed easy access, bloodless dissection of the adhesions and marsupialization and coagulation of the endometrioma. Conclusions The report proves the feasibility of reconstruction of the ovary with a large endometrioma using the new technique of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy. The technique has the advantage of easy access to the endometrioma and accurate dissection and coagulation of adhesions. The low morbidity makes a two‐step technique more acceptable to the patient.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evidence of Functional Impairment of Syngeneically Transplanted Mouse Pancreatic Islets Retrieved from the Liver

A drawback in pancreatic islet transplantation is the large number of islets needed to obtain insulin independence in patients with diabetes. This most likely reflects extensive posttransplantation islet cell death and functional impairment of the remaining endocrine cells. We aimed to develop an experimental method to retrieve transplanted islets from the mouse liver, which would enable comparisons of transplanted and endogenous islets and provide valuable information on functional changes induced by intraportal transplantation. Transplanted islets were obtained by retrograde perfusion of the liver with collagenase. The identity of retrieved tissue as transplanted islets was confirmed by intravital staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The retrieved islets, irrespective of whether they had resided in diabetic or nondiabetic recipients, had a markedly lower insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin release when compared with isolated endogenous islets. The glucose oxidation rate was also markedly lower in the retrieved islets, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. These disturbances in insulin content, insulin release, and glucose oxidation rate were not reversed by a few days of culture after retrieval. The results implicate changes in islet function after intraportal transplantation. Such dysfunction may contribute to the high number of islets needed for successful transplantation in diabetic individuals.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Informal network players, knowledge integration, and competitive advantage

In today’s hyper‐competitive environments, generation and dissipation of knowledge can no longer be understood from within the boundaries of formal organizational mechanisms. Previously, researchers have studied knowledge management based on formal mechanisms; however, few have examined the role played by informal mechanisms. In this paper, we examine the roles of informal network players in knowledge integration and discuss their effects on competitive advantage. For researchers, our paper provides testable propositions and a future research agenda. For practitioners, our paper shows how informal network players influence an organization and offers human resource management implications.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Big blue ball : pictures, people, place ; connecting the world through creativity

This three-part publication series presents the epistemological processes and outcomes of an international arts-based research project titled Big Blue Ball : Pictures, people, place. The project uses the creative function to investigate the nature of meaning-making. In particular, through collaborative engagement with adversity of cultures, it explores the significance of creativity and creative practice in setting up sites for shared understanding in a contemporary and globally interactive world. The project was developed and carried out by Donna Wright during her PhD Candidature at Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia, between 2004 and 2007.\nMaking use of practice-led research strategies, and drawing on creative arts practice, the project has exploited the inherent capacity of the creative function to support innovation. The project design offers a new model of intertextual processes of creativity that opens up spaces for intercultural negotiation, by linking spatial conceptions and processes for semiotic mediations, to multiple, interconnected mediums for the production and reception of new information. This in turn provides a context in which to support knowledge discovery that may facilitate intercultural awareness and understanding.

Topic: Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Short communication: impact of genomic evaluation on the local cattle Alpine breed of Italy: future directions

Genomic selection has improved genetic evaluations in many breeds and species, but its application in local breeds remains underexplored. However, preserving the competitiveness for local breeds is essential, as they have co-evolved with their surrounding environments and play a fundamental role not only in supporting rural economies but also in preserving the environment and local cultural heritage. This study evaluated the impact of transitioning from single breed pedigree-based to single breed genomic evaluations for milk production in three Alpine dual-purpose cattle breeds: Alpine Grey (APG), Aosta Red Pied (ARP) and Rendena (RND). APG and ARP had over one million test-day records each, while RND contributed approximately 300,000 records. The analysis included over 7000 genotyped animals in ARP and more than 3500 in both APG and RND. When using the genomic model, time-stratified cross-validation demonstrated improved prediction accuracy, along with modest improvements in bias and dispersion. Additionally, genomic models provided higher individual prediction accuracy, particularly in young animals. These results may be especially beneficial for dual-purpose selection schemes in these breeds, where young (unproven) bulls enter performance testing. Overall, the findings support the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing genomic evaluations in these autochthonous breeds.Highlights Genomic evaluations can be successfully implemented in local Alpine cattle breeds. Single-step genomic models improved prediction accuracy, particularly in young animals (selection candidates). Accuracy gains were observed even in non-genotyped individuals.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
OTDR YOKOGAWA AQ7275

The task of this work was to define physical properties of light, define fiber optics as a part of telecommunication systems, types and characteristics of fibers and describe devices that are used in optical networks. Optical time domain reflectometer Yokogawa AQ7275 is analyzed. Optical time domain reflectometer or OTDR is an instrument which is used to analyze optical link performance, detect errors, track installation and maintain optical networks. The last chapter of this thesis is about uses and appliances of this instrument in the laboratory.

Topic: Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance and Paradox

Abstract The knowability paradox, or Fitch's paradox, is thought to threaten semantical (Dummettian) antirealism. This chapter suggests that the lesson of the paradox concerns the theoretical location at which to impose the antirealist's ‘epistemic’ constraints on truth, i.e., on the ‘central notion’ of the antirealist's meaning theory. In particular, the knowability principle — that every truth is knowable — is not a successful way of capturing the antirealistic insight that truth is epistemically conditioned.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Supply Chain Management Based on the Sharing of Inventory Information Analysis Estimates

This the supply chain management as a management model new rapid development, gradually become a competitive advantage to enhance the overall content of the main strategies. Supply chain services to the value of collaboration is information sharing, information sharing In this paper, the value of in-depth analysis and mining on the basis of the measured value of the establishment of a model-based service pricing model. Pricing model of its ideas and analysis of the pricing of its services and products have a strong guiding significance.

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Minimally-Invasive Plate or Intramedullar Nail in the Management of Distal Extra-Articular Tibial Fracture, What Is Better?

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with distal tibia extraarticular fractures treated with Intramedullary nailing (IMN) or Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 47 patients treated with IMN and 41 patients with MIPO. Clinical and radiographic results were evaluated at last follow-up. Anterior knee pain, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score and Lysholm knee scoring scale were used as clinical measurement. Results: Although the union time and operation time were significantly higher in the IMN group compared to the MIPO group (p&amp;lt;0.001), the full weight bearing time and the hospital time were higher in the MIPO group (p&amp;lt;0.001). There were no statistical differences between wound problem, malposition, infection and grafting rates in both groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Although the AOFAS score was statistically higher in the IMN group (p=0.031), the Lysholm knee score was higher in the MIPO group (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: While MIPO is advantageous with low union time, low operating time and no damage to the knee joint, IMN allows earlier full weight bearing, lower hospitalization and has better ankle functional results. Keywords:

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surgical Management of Complex Fractures of the Distal Femur

Fractures of the distal femur are often complex injuries presenting numerous potential complications. The surgical management of these difficult injuries is based on classification, patient selection, and preoperative planning. The surgical approach and modified extensile approach include four fixation devices. The results with 63 patients and 68 injuries reviewed over a ten-year period consisted of 76% good to excellent results, five malunions, and a 4.4% infection rate.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
“Crimes of History”

SENEGALESE AMERICAN HIP-HOP RHYTHM AND BLUES SINGER AKON SOARED TO the top of U.S. music charts in 2004 with his autobiographical gangsta ballad, "Locked Up." The track chronicles Akon's frustration with being profiled, harassed, and ultimately imprisoned by law enforcement officials. Though Akon's narrative centers on his experience in the United States, the sense of captivity outlined in his hit song—with its chorus, "I'm locked up, they won't let me out"— parallels events that took place in his native Senegal the previous year.KeywordsForeign PolicyFemale Genital MutilationSlave TradeSoccer FieldWorld Trade Center AttackThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ARTIFICIAL DIETS FOR THE LOBSTER, <i>Homarus americanus:</i> A REVALUATION<sup>1</sup>

Abstract The lack of reliable artificial rations is commonly cited as a major impediment in the development of an economically viable aquaculture industry. Research efforts leading to adequate crustacean diets have been especially slow. Recent experiments carried out at the Bodega Marine Laboratory and the University of California at Davis with lobster rations serve to illustrate the problems associated with defining nutritional requirements of crustaceans. Data are presented relating shell erosion in juvenile lobsters to a nutritional deficiency. Results from additional experiments on lobster consumption patterns and on the leaching of water‐soluble nutrients are related to this deficiency. The total of these experiments suggests that a revaluation of the current approach to crustacean diet development will be required before further progress can be made.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reducing Out-of-School Suspensions: Practice Guidelines for School Social Workers

In many U.S. school districts, there has been a near epidemic of out-of-school suspensions (OSSs) for relatively minor or vaguely defined student offenses. Suspension provides temporary relief to frustrated teachers and administrators and may result in more parental involvement. However, for a large number of at-risk youths, it appears that being suspended leads to significant problems outside of school, increases the likelihood of receiving additional OSSs, and may result in dropping out of school. As a result, school social workers need to be made aware of programs that focus on the elimination of students' problematic behaviors rather than the elimination of students themselves. This article summarizes recent research on individual and school factors that have been shown to be associated with and predictive of OSSs. On the basis of these findings, the authors present a set of practice guidelines for reducing OSSs and identify and describe promising and proven programs within each practice guideline. They conclude with a discussion of challenges facing school social workers seeking to implement alternatives based on these practice guidelines.

Topic: Education Discipline and Inequality
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SAFETY IMPLICATIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN RAIL TRANSPORT OF CRUDE OIL

ABSTRACT Pipelines have historically transported most of the U.S. crude oil. However, the existing pipeline network does not have the ability to move the increased levels of production that has been generated by fracking. Railroads have been called on to fill the void because common carrier railroads are legally required to transport hazardous materials. Rail shipments of crude oil expanded to almost 374 million barrels in 2014, up from 20 million in 2010. Railroads are improving safety of operations by: reinvestments, technological advancements, wayside wheel bearing detectors along routes, routing models utilizing 27 risk factors. Rails have initiated on their own emergency response capabilities including hazmat response contractors and environmental consultants to ensure that community impacts are addressed properly. Advantages of transporting crude oil by rail include geographical flexibility, responsiveness and efficiency. Should railroads be allowed to continue to move crude oil? Until the government allows more pipelines to be built to move the crude oil, railroads are the only realistic safe alternative. Keywords Rail crude oil movement, Rail tank cars, Rail safety movement, U.S. crude oil production

Topic: Transportation Systems and Infrastructure
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences