jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of circulating prolactin, lactation days, and seasonal variations on first artificial insemination pregnancy rates using the PG7G protocol in dairy cows

Background and Aim: Dairy farm profitability is linked to milk yield and reproductive efficiency. High prolactin levels during lactation can negatively impact fertility. Timed AI protocols like PG7G are used to improve pregnancy rates. This study investigates the effects of extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) from 63 to 73 days after the PG7G protocol on reproductive parameters, including progesterone and prolactin levels, pregnancy rates, and pregnancy losses, in lactating Holstein cows during summer and winter seasons. Materials and Methods: A total of 2100 lactating dairy cows were divided into groups and assigned to the PG7G protocol based on their parity. Two groups were formed based on the number of days in milk (DIM) after the first PGF2α injection. The first group (PG7G-63) received a PGF2α injection 30-day postpartum (pp) and followed a specific protocol. The second group, PG7G-73, followed the same protocol but received a PGF2α injection 40-day pp. Pregnancy was confirmed, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Temperature and humidity were also recorded throughout the study. Results: Extension of the VWP to 73-day (PG7G-73 group) significantly improved pregnancy rates on day 47 pp compared with the 63-day VWP (PG7G-63 group). However, the PG7G-63 group exhibited lower PLs. Seasonality markedly influenced reproductive outcomes, with higher P/AI in the moderate season for primiparous cows and in the hot season for multiparous cows. Conversely, PL in both groups increased during the hot season. Conclusion: Extending the VWP from 63 to 73 days pp in lactating Holstein cows significantly improved pregnancy rates, while seasonality affected reproductive outcomes, with higher pregnancy rates in moderate temperatures and increased pregnancy loss during hot seasons. Keywords: dairy cows, days in milk, pregnancy rate, prolactin, season, timed artificial insemination.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of wheat bran on the intake of energy and nutrients and on serum mineral levels in constipated geriatric patients.

The total intake of energy and nutrients was recorded during 5 consecutive d in ten constipated patients in a geriatric ward. Twenty grams of ordinary or low-phytate wheat bran was then added to their diet and the 5-d food intake was recorded after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The intake was generally satisfactory and decreased in only two women on bran treatment. The hospital diet had a high mineral content and calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron levels in serum did not decrease when wheat bran was added to the diet. Consequently no difference was found in serum mineral levels, when ordinary wheat bran was replaced by a low-phytate bran.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Calcification of the nucleus pulposus with pathologic confirmation in a premature infant.

Observation d'un premature ne par cesarienne en raison d'une severe preeclampsie. Deces par maladie des membranes hyalines. Discussion sur la pathogenie de ces calcifications

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effectiveness of Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) Leaf Methanol Extract against Candida albicans Colonies

Candida species, for women are the foremost common cause of parasitic contaminations. Candida species affect contamination in 75% of women and at slightest 6-9% of women involvement repetitive vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida albicans (CA) accounts for 85-95% of yeast strains separated from the vagina. The treatment which has been administered for candida infections is antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole and fluconazole. When applied topically, synthetic antifungal drugs cause allergic reactions, resistance, and a burning sensation. It is necessary to conduct research on plant-based herbal medicine as an alternative treatment. Kemangi, also recognized as Ocimum Basilicum (OB), is a plant native to Indonesia which has medicinal properties. The objective of this study is to examine how effective OB methanol extract is against CA colonies. The study was performed at Brawijaya University's Microbiology Laboratory in Malang. The experimental laboratories with Posttest Only Control Group Design were employed in this study, with four repetitions of OB concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% against CA colonies. One-way ANOVA was utilized as the hypothesis test, with a significance level of 0.05. The results demonstrated that OB extract with a concentration of 15% was able to inhibit the growth of CA colonies. In the OB extract with a concentration of 35%, no CA colony growth was revealed. One-way ANOVA test obtained p 0.000 &lt;0.05. Conclusion OB owns adequacy in restraining the development of CA organism with negligible murdering rate at a concentration of 35%. Research required to be performed to identify the antifungal potential of OB extract in vivo.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Acute Confusional State: A Common Clinical Condition with Versatile Variability-A Prospective Study

Acute confusional state account for a substantial proportion of admissions to emergency wards. As the etiology of acute confusional state are numerous and presentation also variable, so many time create confusion regarding the actual diagnosis and thus delay the prompt management which may result in fatal outcome. The objectives of this study was to explore the etiology and age &amp; sex distribution of acute confusional state among hospitalized patients. In this prospective hospital based study, 345 adult patients presenting with acute confusional state were collected from medicine unit Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of July’08 to October’08. Patients known to have previous history of stroke, chronic dementing neurological disease were excluded from the study. This study revealed that, patients with acute confusional state constitute about 21% of total hospital admission in medicine wards. Peak incidence of acute confusional state was found to be in two age groups: one in 2nd to 3rd decades and another in 5th to 6th decades. The first peak was due to acute poisoning, CNS infection and hepatic encephalopathy; and the second peak was due to stroke, electrolyte imbalance, systemic infection and disturbance of glucose metabolism. This study also showed male preponderance over female and metabolic causes higher than the structural causes. Stroke comprised the highest percentage (25%) of cases in this series. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i1.10047 JOM 2012; 13(1): 46-50

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Best Paper Selection

Daniulaityte R, Chen L, Lamy FR, Carlson RG, Thirunarayan K, Sheth A. “When ‘Bad’ is ‘Good’”: Identifying Personal Communication and Sentiment in Drug-Related Tweets. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2016 Oct 24;2(2):e162 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099500/ Freedman RA, Viswanath K, Vaz-Luis I, Keating NL. Learning from social media: utilizing advanced data extraction techniques to understand barriers to breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016 Jul;158(2):395-405 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537590/ Hawkins JB, Brownstein JS, Tuli G, Runels T, Broecker K, Nsoesie EO, McIver DJ, Rozenblum R, Wright A, Bourgeois FT, Greaves F. Measuring patient-perceived quality of care in US hospitals using Twitter. BMJ Qual Saf 2016 Jun;25(6):404-13 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4878682/ Kondylakis H, Koumakis L, Hänold S, Nwankwo I, Forgó N, Marias K, Tsiknakis M, Graf N. Donor’s support tool: Enabling informed secondary use of patient’s biomaterial and personal data. Int J Med Inform 2017 Jan;97:282-92 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386-5056(16)30234-9 Massey PM, Leader A, Yom-Tov E, Budenz A, Fisher K, Klassen AC. Applying Multiple Data Collection Tools to Quantify Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Communication on Twitter. J Med Internet Res 2016 Dec 5;18(12):e318 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5168526/

Topic: Social Media in Health Education
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from p120 Catenin Suppresses Basal Epithelial Cell Extrusion in Invasive Pancreatic Neoplasia

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant regulation of cellular extrusion can promote invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify molecular requirements for early cellular invasion using a premalignant mouse model of pancreatic cancer with conditional knockout of p120 catenin (&lt;i&gt;Ctnnd1&lt;/i&gt;). Mice with biallelic loss of p120 catenin progressively develop high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and neoplasia accompanied by prominent acute and chronic inflammatory processes, which is mediated, in part, through NF-κB signaling. Loss of p120 catenin in the context of oncogenic Kras also promotes remarkable apical and basal epithelial cell extrusion. Abundant single epithelial cells exit PanIN epithelium basally, retain epithelial morphology, survive, and display features of malignancy. Similar extrusion defects are observed following p120 catenin knockdown &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and these effects are completely abrogated by the activation of S1P/S1pr2 signaling. In the context of oncogenic Kras, p120 catenin loss significantly reduces expression of genes mediating S1P/S1pr2 signaling &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and this effect is mediated at least, in part, through activation of NF-κB. These results provide insight into mechanisms controlling early events in the metastatic process and suggest that p120 catenin and S1P/S1pr2 signaling enhance cancer progression by regulating epithelial cell invasion. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(11); 3351–63. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of asthma control and lung function in asthmatic children in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Objectives: This study aimed at assessing asthma control using Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) asthma assessment, and determining its relationship with lung function parameters among asthmatic children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching hospital, Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 60 children with asthma diagnosed based on GINA guidelines. It was conducted over a period of 4 months. The GINA asthma control assessment was administered to assess asthma control. Lung function was done using a portable spirometer. Results: Males accounted for 58.3% of the study population with M: F of 1.4:1 and median age of 9.47 years, with majority from urban domicile (91.7%). Well-controlled asthma accounted for 50.0% while 35.0% had partly controlled asthma and 15.0% had poorly controlled asthma. The median FEV1/FVC among the study participants was 0.856 (IQR: 0.170). There was no relationship between asthma control and LF parameters (FEV1: r = 0.044, P = 0.736, FVC: r = 0.010, P = 0.941, FEV1/FVC: r = 0.122, P = 0.352, and PEFR: r = 0.015, P = 0.911). Conclusion: Majority of the study participants had well-controlled asthma and no relationship was found between asthma control and lung function. Thus, serial monitoring of LF in addition to uniformly agreed standardized assessment of asthma control is required to objectively evaluate asthma control in children.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationship between insulin secretion, insulin content and dry weight of single rat pancreatic islets

Abstract. Single islets were incubated at glucose 5 m m for 60 min and subsequently at glucose 15 m m for 30 min. The insulin content of the incubated islets was proportional to the dry weight of the islets. The insulin secretion (Y) demonstrated a curvilinear relationship with the dry weight (X) of the islets, which could be described by the function Y = a X ⅔ ( a being a constant). On basis of this function it can be calculated that the insulin secretion of a particular islet is proportional to its outer surface. The consequence of this is that small sized islets secrete relatively much more insulin than large islets. Islets isolated with either purified or crude collagenase gave the same results except that a higher basal insulin secretion was observed with crude collagenase.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linkage of modules and the Serre conditions

Let $R$ be semiperfect commutative Noetherian ring and $C$ be a semidualizing $R$--module. The connection of the Serre condition $(S_n)$ on a horizontally linked $R$-module of finite $\gc$-dimension with the vanishing of certain cohomology modules of its linked module is discussed. As a consequence, it is shown that under some conditions Cohen-Macaulayness is preserved under horizontally linkage.

Topic: Commutative Algebra and Its Applications
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Phenylketonuria: illness experience and coping mechanisms].

If patients with PKU follow a strict diet low in phenylalanine from soon after birth their intellectual and psychomotor development will be within the normal range. Recent studies have shown that it is necessary to continue the burdensome diet throughout one's life. This is in contrast to past practice and puts additional emphasis on psychosocial aspects of PKU. In the present retrospective study we investigated how adolescent patients and their relatives' experience and cope with this chronic disease.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Horatio Gates: Defender of American Liberties

Journal Article Horatio Gates: Defender of American Liberties. By Samuel W. Patterson. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1941. xv + 466 pp. Notes, bibliography, and illustrations. $4.25.) Get access Clarence E. Carter Clarence E. Carter Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 29, Issue 2, September 1942, Pages 259–260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896288 Published: 01 September 1942

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IUCN SSC BAT SPECIALIST GROUP GUIDELINES FOR FIELD HYGIENE

These guidelines are intended for all people who do fieldwork with bats in the field anywhere in the world. They update our previous IUCN Bat Specialist Group guidelines, which were developed specifically to address bat-related fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines address "ordinary" circumstances and aim to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission in all directions – humans to bats, bats to humans, and between bat species or populations, facilitated by humans. These guidelines exist as much to protect bat populations as the humans who study them.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Consistent stall air speeds in commercial dairy farms are associated with less variability in cow lying times

Heat stress is a known challenge for dairy farms, but standardized, practical heat abatement assessments are lacking. Our objectives were to evaluate the summer ventilation system performance of Wisconsin freestall facilities, provide farms with feedback, and refine our assessment method for knowledge transfer to the industry. Six naturally ventilated (NV) and six cross-ventilated (CV) facilities (n=12) were enrolled. On day 1, 30 focal cows received data loggers to measure resting behavior and intravaginal temperature. Data loggers recorded barn air temperature and relative humidity. Air speeds (AS) were measured manually with anemometers to characterize AS distributions at cow resting (0.5m) and standing (1.5m) heights. Data loggers were removed on day 5, resulting in 3 days of data for resting behavior, vaginal temperature, and temperature humidity index (THI). The fixed effects of average AS and daily maximum THI on daily maximum vaginal temperature (VT), 24-h lying time (LT), and the number and duration of daily lying bouts were analyzed using linear mixed models. We evaluated the fixed effects of THI, average AS, and within-facility SD in AS among stalls on within-facility SD of VT, LT, and the number and duration of lying bouts among focal cows. Stall AS in NV vs. CV barns was 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 m/s (inter-facility ranges: 0.9–1.7 vs. 1.4–3.1 m/s) at resting height and 2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 m/s (range: 1.7–2.8 vs. 1.7–3.1 m/s) at standing height. When facility AS increased by 1 m/s, cows had 0.8 fewer lying bouts per day. When the within-facility SD of AS among stalls increased by 1 m/s, the SD among cows of daily lying time increased 1 h/d, driven by an increase in the SDs of lying bouts (+2.5 bouts/d) and durations (13.9 min/bout). For every 10-unit increase in THI, VT increased 0.4°C, daily lying bouts tended to increase by 0.9/d, and SD of daily lying time increased 0.4 h/d. The farms received reports with summary data and suggestions to improve the consistency of AS at cow resting height. Consistent air speeds of ≥1 m/s among stalls can improve cow comfort during heat stress by reducing variation in lying behavior.

Topic: Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Purism, Prescriptivism, and Privilege: Choctaw Language Ideologies and Their Impact on Teaching and Learning

Oklahoma Choctaw, a Muskogean language originally spoken in the American southeast, is currently the focus of language revitalization efforts by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. The School of Choctaw Language, which has hosted community language classes since 1997 faces significant challenges in attempting to produce fluent speakers, chief among them language ideologies that may be impacting the teaching and learning context. Using a collaborative, community-based ethnographic design and discourse analysis, this research describes an interrelated set of three language ideologies affecting the Choctaw language teaching and learning community: purism, prescriptivism and valorization of literacy. Essentialist/purist linguistic and ethnic ideologies prevalent among Choctaw Language Community Class members, though rooted and fixed in an immediately post-contact era, frame contemporary linguistic performance, linguistic meta-discourse, and language revitalization work to alienate some Choctaws while simultaneously providing motivation for language learners. Two competing discourses, prescriptivism and pluralism, are strategically employed by Choctaw community class members to authenticate speaker’s status and to resist discourses and covert policies privileging one dialect. Ideologies of purism, correctness, and valorization of literacy, as well as valorization of expert linguistic knowledge further impact community classes by a) reducing class effectiveness through a focus on grammatical analysis and literacy and b) creating an atmosphere of ethno-linguistic risk which inhibits speaker performance. Teachers’ ideological awareness may enable mitigation of the potential negative effects of the purist and prescriptivist ideologies and strategic employment in motivating learners.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
When an expression becomes fixed

Abstract This chapter concerns the first person past tense form of the verb ajatella ‘to think’ as a semi-fixed expression in spoken Finnish. We examine this expression in present-day conversation and in older dialect interviews, focusing on its interactional functions, the types of complements it takes, and its patterns of morphosyntactic fixedness and morphophonetic erosion in our two datasets. We show that the verb ajatella is most frequently used in its first person past tense form, mä ajattelin että [1 sg + think- pst -1 sg + comp ] ‘I thought that’, and as has been shown for ‘think’ verbs in many other languages, it is commonly used to frame stance expressions, but another frequent use in our Finnish data is in prefacing the speaker’s expression of her own plans as well as proposals of joint action. Most commonly, mä ajattelin että is followed by clausal complements in our older data, while the complements are more diverse in the newer data, and the expression can also occur without any complements. We also show that while mä ajattelin että ‘I thought that’ occurs in our data in drastically reduced form and shows signs of morphosyntactic fixedness especially in the newer data, it cannot yet be said to have become an epistemic particle.

Topic: Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Coroutine behaviour and implementation

Abstract Algorithms using retentive control are currently being developed in operating systems, simulation, artificial intelligence and language implementation. This paper investigates two aspects of a form of retentive control, namely coroutines. The behaviour of coroutines and language primitives that express the operations on coroutines are explored by surveying the literature for coroutine usage. Secondly, the area of control implementation of coroutines is investigated by considering the Bobrow and Wegbreit spaghetti stack as a viable data structure for managing run‐time storage. Changes in the basic model of the spaghetti stack, tailoring its use in a strictly coroutine environment with subsequent implementation alternatives, are explored. An investigation through experimentation is made of the effect control‐related aspects of coroutines have on the revised spaghetti stack models. An analysis of the empirical results obtained provides a useful barometer for selecting appropriate storage management schemes based on coroutine design and usage.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences