jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multisource Feedback in the Trauma Context: Priorities and Perspectives

Abstract Objectives Trauma resuscitations require competence in both clinical and nonclinical skills but these can be difficult to observe and assess. Multisource feedback (MSF) is workplace‐based, involves the direct observation of learners, and can provide feedback on nonclinical skills. We sought to compare and contrast the priorities of multidisciplinary trauma team members when assessing resident trauma team captain (TTC) performance. Additionally, we aimed to describe the nature of the assessment and perceived the utility of incorporating MSF into the trauma context. Methods A convenience sample of 10 trauma team activations were observed. Following each activation, the attending physician trauma team leader (TTL), TTC, and a registered nurse (RN) participated in a semistructured interview. MSF was not provided to the TTC for the purpose of this study because MSF was not part of the assessment process of TTCs at the time of this study and maintaining anonymity may have encouraged more honest interview responses. Transcripts from each assessor group (TTL, TTC, RN) were coded and assigned to one of the five crisis resource management skills: leadership, communication, situational awareness, resource utilization, and problem‐solving. Comments were also coded as positive, negative, or neutral as interpreted by the coder. Results All assessor groups mentioned communication skills most frequently. After communication, the RN and TTC groups commented on situational awareness most frequently, comprising 15 and 29% of their total responses, respectively, whereas 31% of the TTL comments focused on leadership skills. The RN and TTL groups provided positive assessments, with 51 and 42% of their respective comments coded as positive. Forty‐five percent of self‐assessment comments in the TTC group were negative. All (100%) of the TTC and TTL respondents felt that incorporating MSF would add to the quality of feedback, only 66% of the RN group felt that way. Conclusions We found that each assessor group brings a unique focus and perspective to the assessment of resident TTC performance. The future inclusion of MSF in the trauma team context has the potential to enhance the learning environment in a clinical arena that is difficult to directly observe and assess.

Topic: Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Uncertainty Quantification in Segmenting Tuberculosis-Consistent Findings in Frontal Chest X-rays

Deep learning (DL) methods have demonstrated superior performance in medical image segmentation tasks. However, selecting a loss function that conforms to the data characteristics is critical for optimal performance. Further, the direct use of traditional DL models does not provide a measure of uncertainty in predictions. Even high-quality automated predictions for medical diagnostic applications demand uncertainty quantification to gain user trust. In this study, we aim to investigate the benefits of (i) selecting an appropriate loss function and (ii) quantifying uncertainty in predictions using a VGG16-based-U-Net model with the Monto–Carlo (MCD) Dropout method for segmenting Tuberculosis (TB)-consistent findings in frontal chest X-rays (CXRs). We determine an optimal uncertainty threshold based on several uncertainty-related metrics. This threshold is used to select and refer highly uncertain cases to an expert. Experimental results demonstrate that (i) the model trained with a modified Focal Tversky loss function delivered superior segmentation performance (mean average precision (mAP): 0.5710, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.4021,0.7399)), (ii) the model with 30 MC forward passes during inference further improved and stabilized performance (mAP: 0.5721, 95% CI: (0.4032,0.7410), and (iii) an uncertainty threshold of 0.7 is observed to be optimal to refer highly uncertain cases.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A rare case of asymptomatic solitary cutaneous mastocytoma in a child

Mastocytosis is a rare group of disorders occurring when mast cells diffusely infiltrate the skin or internal organs. It has two forms: Cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis. We present a case of a 12-year-old male child presenting with a reddish-brown cutaneous nodule on the anterior chest wall for 1 month. No other similar lesions were noted elsewhere. Routine hematological and radiological investigations did not reveal any abnormality. The lesion was excised, and a diagnosis of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma was made based on the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. This case highlights the importance of diagnosing this rare tumor which can present as an asymptomatic cutaneous lesion in a young child.

Topic: Mast cells and histamine
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sequence Variability and Geographic Distribution of Lassa Virus, Sierra Leone

Lassa virus (LASV) is endemic to parts of West Africa and causes highly fatal hemorrhagic fever. The multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) is the only known reservoir of LASV. Most human infections result from zoonotic transmission. The very diverse LASV genome has 4 major lineages associated with different geographic locations. We used reverse transcription PCR and resequencing microarrays to detect LASV in 41 of 214 samples from rodents captured at 8 locations in Sierra Leone. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and polymerase (L) genes showed 5 separate clades within lineage IV of LASV in this country. The sequence diversity was higher than previously observed; mean diversity was 7.01% for nucleoprotein gene at the nucleotide level. These results may have major implications for designing diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents for LASV infections in Sierra Leone.

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kinetic Analysis of the Catalyst and Nonthermal Plasma Hybrid Reaction for Methane Steam Reforming

Bioresources, such as landfill gas and agricultural residues, attract considerable attention because of growing concerns of global energy and environmental protection. However, the efficient usage of bioresource poses major challenges and generally necessitates appropriate pre-reforming processes. We propose a low-temperature (300−500 °C) upgrading method using an atmospheric pressure nonthermal discharge generated in a reforming catalyst bed reactor for profitable recovery of poor bioresources. Excited species produced by high-energy electron impact, which proceed independent of the temperature, accelerate methane steam reforming at lower temperatures than normal catalyst reactions with minimum energy required. The resultant hydrogen-enriched biogas is then available for use in conventional energy utility systems, such as internal combustion engines. This paper introduces fundamental characteristics of nonthermal discharge and the catalyst hybrid reactor. Furthermore, a detailed mechanistic study of syne...

Topic: Catalysts for Methane Reforming
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Living Faithfully

A year at the University of Tripoli included countless and seemingly endless bombs targeted at the author's campus, city, and country, Libya, during an international proxy war instigated by a warlord named Khalifa Haftar, backed by some countries including France and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), who terrified the city of Tripoli in 2019-2020. His assault began the day that the United Nations Secretary-General Guterres was to fly into the capital city, April 4, 2019, to provide impetus for a forthcoming peace conference. The chapter shares how wellness was sustained in the most tumultuous setting given deep and abiding faith, which was reaffirmed even further in the midst of conflict. The author shares insights and experiences about the role of faith in higher education during violent upheaval. It also addresses the question: What do faith and wellness have to do with each other in the midst of scholarly pursuits from the perspective of living and studying in a country that had experienced a 42-year dictatorship?

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of Betalain Producing Callus Lines from Colored Quinoa Varieties (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd)

Betalains are water-soluble plant pigments of hydrophilic nature with promising bioactive potential. Among the scarce edible sources of betalains is the grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), with violet, red, and yellow grains being colored by these pigments. In this work, callus cultures have been developed from differently colored plant varieties. Stable callus lines exhibited color and pigment production when maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (8.88 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (6.79 μM) with a reduction of the nitrogen source to 5.91 mM. Pigment analysis by HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS/MS fully describes the content of individual pigments in the cell lines and allows the first report on the pigments present in quinoa seedlings. Phyllocactin and vulgaxanthin I are described as novel pigments in the species and show the potential of C. quinoa culture lines in the production of compounds of nutritional value.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Advancing Supply Chain Resilience Through Cloud-Based Logistics: A Narrative Review

The digital transformation of global supply chains has accelerated the adoption of cloud-based logistics systems. This study presents a narrative review that explores the architecture, benefits, and implementation challenges of cloud logistics. Drawing on literature from Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, it analyzes empirical and conceptual findings from multiple sectors and geographic contexts. Results reveal that hybrid cloud architectures, IoT integration, and modular microservices enhance logistics efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness. Real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and stakeholder collaboration emerge as key performance enablers. However, implementation is hindered by data security concerns, inadequate infrastructure, poor system interoperability, and human resource limitations. These challenges are more pronounced in developing regions and among small enterprises. The discussion links these findings to supply chain theory, highlighting the role of systemic factors such as policy, digital infrastructure, and organizational culture. It emphasizes the need for supportive government policies, investment in IT infrastructure, and workforce training as critical strategies for overcoming barriers. The study also identifies gaps in the literature related to regional disparities and long-term impact assessments. It recommends future research on integrated frameworks that combine technical, organizational, and policy perspectives. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic, collaborative approach to realize the full potential of cloud-based logistics in building adaptive and resilient supply chains.

Topic: Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Improved Triglycerides and Insulin Sensitivity with 3 Months of Acipimox in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia

Abstract Context: Metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia remain a challenge for optimizing long-term health in HIV-infected patients. Objective: Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) may contribute to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in HIV. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of chronic inhibition of lipolysis in HIV-infected men and women with hypertrigyceridemia. We hypothesized that acipimox would lead to significant reductions in triglycerides and improved insulin sensitivity, compared with placebo. Design: A 3-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of acipimox (250 mg thrice daily) vs. placebo was conducted in 23 HIV-infected men and women with hypertriglyceridemia (&amp;gt;150 mg/dl), abnormal fat distribution, and no current lipid-lowering therapy. The primary outcome variable was triglyceride concentration, and insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was a secondary outcome. Setting: The study was conducted at an academic medical center. Results: Acipimox resulted in significant reductions in FFAs [mean change −0.38 (0.06) vs. 0.08 (0.06) mEq/liter with placebo, −68 vs. +17% change from mean baseline, P &amp;lt; 0.0001], decreased rates of lipolysis (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and a median triglyceride decrease from 238 mg/dl at baseline to 190 mg/dl, compared with an increase from 290 to 348 mg/dl in the placebo group (P = 0.01). Acipimox improved insulin sensitivity [acipimox +2.31 (0.74) vs. placebo −0.21 (0.90) mg glucose per kilogram lean body mass per minute, or +31 vs. −2% change from mean baseline values, P = 0.04]. Improvements in insulin sensitivity were significantly correlated with reductions in FFAs (r = −0.62, P = 0.003) and lipolysis (r = −0.59, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Acipimox resulted in significant sustained reductions in lipolysis, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant but modest reductions in triglycerides in HIV-infected individuals with abnormal fat distribution and hypertriglyceridemia. Improvement in overall metabolic profile with acipimox suggests a potential clinical utility for this agent that requires further investigation.

Topic: HIV-related health complications and treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Results of the Mycological Investigation of the Shoot System of “Irinovsky Oak” Tree (Leningrad Region, Russia)

The wild nature monument “184-year-old oak tree in the village of Irinovka” (Leningrad region, Russia), better known in local history literature as “Irinovsky Oak”, was officially opened in 2013. It is represented by a separate pedunculate oak tree (Quercus robur), planted in 1829 and preserved in satisfactory condition at 194 years of age. This paper presents data from a survey of the shoot system of the tree investigated, carried out on August 4, 2022. A total of 12 fungal species were registered (Cladosporium herbarum, Colpoma quercinum, Coryneum depressum, Diatrypella quercina, Erysiphe alphitoides, Hyphoderma setigerum, Laetiporus sulphureus, Marchandiomyces co-rallinus, Peniophora quercina, Trichoderma viride, Sphaerulina quercicola, Vuilleminia comedens). The lichenicolous species Marchandiomyces corallinus was reported as new find to the Leningrad region. It was shown that the shoot system of the tree investigated is associated with a complex of Quercus robur-adapted and co-adapted species, among which such necrotrophs as Sphaerulina quercicola and Coryneum depressum, and pathogenic saprotroph as Vuilleminia comedens, as well as saprotrophs (Diatrypella quercina, Peniophora quercina) are dominated. This species complex ensures a continuous process of the crown self-thinning.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimized tuber-lifting velocity model for cassava harvester design

The lack of optimized lifting velocity model for cassava tuber lifting results in the shortage of evidence of design of lifting velocity control system and large harvest loss during mechanized harvesting of cassava. First, an optimized velocity model of manually pulling tubers and a velocity model of mechanical lifting tubers were established using physical experiments. And then using the mechanical tuber-lifting velocity model, the mathematical models between coefficients of mechanical tuber-lifting velocity model and cassava harvesting quality were established based on numerical simulation and regression analysis. Moreover, the coefficients were optimized using optimization method and the mechanical optimal tuber-lifting velocity model was obtained. Finally, the optimization results and the mechanical optimal tuber-lifting velocity model were verified by simulation and physical experiment, respectively. The results show that the optimized manual pulling velocity model can be superimposed by a line and a sine curve or a concave downward parabola and a sine curve. The optimal coefficients’ combination of mechanical tuber-lifting velocity model is shown as follows: A = 0.056, B = 0.521, C = 0.048, D = 0.086, E = 38.506, and F = 1.165. The mechanical optimal tuber-lifting velocity model’s expression is simple and the model is reasonable. The mechanical optimal tuber-lifting velocity model, which is established using physical experiments, simulation method, and optimization technique, has great significance for designing lifting velocity control system.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SEXUALITY AND PROSTITUTION AMONG THE AKAN OF THE GOLD COAST c. 1650-1950

Journal Article SEXUALITY AND PROSTITUTION AMONG THE AKAN OF THE GOLD COAST c. 1650–1950 Get access Emmanuel Akyeampong Emmanuel Akyeampong Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 156, Issue 1, August 1997, Pages 144–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/156.1.144 Published: 01 August 1997

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A 3D numerical study of solitary wave interaction with vertical cylinders using a parallelised Particle-In-Cell solver

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the interaction between solitary waves and vertical circular cylinders. This is achieved via process based numerical modelling using the parallel particle-in-cell based incompressible flow solver PICIN. The numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations for free-surface flows and incorporates a Cartesian cut cell method for fluid-structure interaction. Solitary waves are generated using a piston-type wave paddle. The PICIN model is first validated using a test case that involves solitary wave scattering by a single vertical cylinder. Comparisons between the present results and experimental data show good agreement for the free surface elevations around the cylinder and the horizontal wave force on the cylinder. The model is then employed to investigate solitary wave interaction with a group of eleven vertical cylinders. The wave run-up and wave forces on the cylinders are discussed.

Topic: Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Coagulation of Milk with Immobilized Proteases: A Review

Enzymatic coagulation of milk by immobilized proteases, and their potential application to cheese manufacture, is reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the immobilized protease catalyst and to the reactor design for coagulation of milk. Pepsin and chymotrypsin retained more activity and greater stability than the other immobilized proteolytic enzymes. Porous glass beads, several anion exchange resins, and the copolymer ethylene-maleic anhydride gave best results among the support materials that were evaluated. Covalent attachment of enzyme to support is preferable to adsorption techniques but may be too costly. Perhaps the best catalyst is one using a lengthy procedure for covalent immobilization of enzyme on glass beads but good results were also obtained with simpler adsorption techniques. Catalysts varied greatly in initial activity but all lost activity upon exposure to milk. Stirred tank, packed bed, and fluidized bed reactor designs were used. Continued research is required to make enzymic milk coagulation with immobilized proteases economically feasible.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
117 Improved Growth Performance in the F1 Heterozygous Generation of an SSTR2 Knockout Model in Swine

Abstract Targeted genetic alteration provides opportunities for rapid genetic improvement in resilience, welfare and production traits. Somatostatin (SST) acts via negative feedback to regulate growth hormone (GH) activity by antagonizing GH releasing hormone via SST receptors (SSTR) located in the anterior pituitary. Our objective was to reduce the negative effect of SST in the anterior pituitary on protein accretion by reducing the number of functional copies of SSTR2 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We hypothesized that a reduction or elimination of SSTR2 would lead to improved growth performance. To test this hypothesis, three commercial gilts were bred with semen from a founder boar in a compound heterozygous state at the SSTR2 locus with a 1bp deletion in one allele resulting in a premature stop codon and a 3bp deletion in the other allele resulting in the loss of a single amino acid predicted to remain functional after translation. Three litters of F1 offspring were produced (n = 46) and all piglets were confirmed to be heterozygous at the SSTR2 locus with one wild type allele and the other possessing either the 1bp deletion (n = 22) or the 3bp (n = 2 4) deletion. No differences (P &amp;gt; 0.43; n=46) in body weight (1.27±0.03 kg) across comparisons were observed at birth. At weaning (n = 36), males (6.19±0.20 kg) were heavier (P = 0.007) than females (5.41±0.19 kg), and piglets possessing a 1bp deletion (6.00±0.20 kg) were numerically heavier (P = 0.14) than 3bp deletion pigs (5.59±0.18 kg). This observation was more pronounced in males at weaning, where the males with the 1bp deletion were 13% heavier (P = 0.058) than those with the 3bp deletion. These data suggest that altering SSTR2 may be a viable genetic advancement strategy to improve growth performance in pigs. This project was supported by the Lloyd L. Anderson Professorship in Physiology at Iowa State University.

Topic: Animal Genetics and Reproduction
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Utilizing Video-Assisted Retroperitoneal Debridement for Retroperitoneal Abscess Following Penetrating Trauma

Retroperitoneal abscess as a sequela of penetrating trauma can pose a difficult clinical scenario for surgeons and literature to inform decision making is sparse. It is logical to follow a “step-up” approach applied to other etiologies of infected retroperitoneal fluid collections, such as infected pancreatic necrosis and perinephric abscess. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) is a well-established approach in infected pancreatic necrosis when surgical debridement is warranted. Minimally invasive retroperitoneal approaches have emerged in a broadening range of etiologies and specialties. We describe our experience utilizing VARDs in two patients that developed retroperitoneal abscesses following gunshot injuries to bowel and proximal urinary system. Both failed a conservative approach including antibiotic and percutaneous drains. Rapid improvement and subsequent discharge were observed within days of VARD procedure. We believe VARD to be a viable approach to post-trauma retroperitoneal abscesses when surgical drainage is indicated, and anatomy is favorable.

Topic: Amoebic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences