jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in the sheep fetus during late gestation: developmental regulation by cortisol.

The effects of cortisol on hepatic GH receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression were investigated in sheep fetuses during late gestation and after experimental manipulation of plasma cortisol levels by fetal adrenalectomy and exogenous infusion of cortisol. Hepatic GH receptor and IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increased with increasing gestational age in parallel with the normal rise in fetal cortisol levels toward term (145 +/- 2 days). These increases in mRNA abundance toward term were prevented when the prepartum cortisol surge was abolished by fetal adrenalectomy and were stimulated prematurely in fetuses younger than 130 days by exogenous infusion of cortisol. Both the class 1 and class 2 transcripts of the IGF-I gene were increased when cortisol levels were elevated either endogenously or exogenously. However, there were no significant changes in fetal plasma IGF-I levels either with increasing gestational age or in response to experimental manipulation of the fetal cortisol level. When the data from all the fetuses were combined irrespective of treatment or gestational age, there were significant positive correlations between the log plasma cortisol concentration in utero and the abundance of GH receptor and IGF-I mRNA in the fetal liver. There was also a significant inverse relationship between log plasma cortisol and the ratio of class 1 to class 2 transcript abundance in the fetal liver. These findings show that cortisol is a physiological regulator of hepatic GH receptor and IGF-I gene expression in fetal sheep during late gestation and indicate that it preferentially increases the class 2 transcript of the IGF-I gene. The prepartum cortisol surge therefore appears to have an important maturational role in initiating the perinatal switch from the fetal to adult modes of somatotrophic regulation.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges on Improved Life Spans in India—the Actuarial Implications

published review. Permission is also granted to make limited numbers of copies of items in this monograph for personal, internal, classroom or other instructional use, on condition that the foregoing copyright notice is used so as to give reasonable notice of the Society&amp;apos;s copyright. This consent for free limited copying without prior consent of the Society does not extend to making copies for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for inclusion in new collective works or for resale. 2 Life spans in India have been increasing for six decades, and now the change is noticeable. While this has challenged India, it has also led to many business opportunities. Noticing the challenge India, endeavoured on liberalization to arrive at an optimal solution. This was a planned move, and India experienced unprecedented economic growth in the past decade. This paper attempts to analyze the implications of this scenario, as set out in the synopsis. Every effort is taken to stick to the synopsis and digressions, if any, are only to sustain the flow. All currency is mentioned in U.S. dollars (converted at: 1 US $ = 40 Indian Rupees) for facility. The

Topic: Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Religious Education and Atheism. Analyzing the Ineffectiveness of Catechesis in Poland

Catechesis and atheism are two polarizing words. Catechesis is meant to deepen one’s faith and strengthen one’s relationship with God, while atheism entirely negates the existence of God. The purpose of this article is to show that despite the fact that these two phenomena are so completely oppositional, yet there is an occasion of their encounter. In Polish society it may take place in catechesis—colloquially called religious instruction, which is conducted at schools. That is why this article is concentrated on outlining ineffective moments of catechesis which may have something to do with atheism. It does not mean, though, that the whole process of catechesis should be deemed ineffective and inefficacious. The main priority is to list those elements that are imperfect, causing aspects of the redemptive ministry of the Church to falter. In addition to this, vital recommendations are provided in order to run the catechesis process more effectively, providing more care for the faith and salvation of man.

Topic: Catholicism, Bioethics, Media, Education
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Genetic Study of Stub Thumbs among Various Ethnic Groups in Israel

females) Our total sample of Jews consisted of i,850 unrelated subjects (I,449 males and 40I females).The Arab sample was taken mainly from a school in a single village where 490 boys and 383 girls were examined: the addition of a few hospital patients made a total of 887 Arabs.Apart from probands ascertained through this survey, we were introduced to a number of affected people whose families were investigated subsequently.A question- naire was completed on each affected individual and this included a family history and comments on obser- vations of the hands and feet.In many cases, family visits were made to gain further data and to check the accuracy of previous information.Reliable information on probands' relatives was obtained for 6i families.In i9, this information included parents, sibs, and off- spring, while the rest comprised families in which information was available regarding only one or two of these categories of relatives.When possible, thumb- prints were taken of both thumbs, and in selected cases photographs and radiographs were made of the hands and feet.Controls for thumb-print analysis in females were obtained by taking finger prints of the thumbs only of student nurses and by analysing the thumb-prints of a sample of women taken by the Israeli Police.Data for comparison of male thumb-prints were based on previous observations made by Sachs and Bat-Miriam in 1957. ResultsClinical Observations.The clinical appear- ance of a stub or short thumb can be recognized easily at a glance.The distal end of the thumb is short and tends to be thick, while the nail is also broad and short.Fig. i shows the typical appear- ance when either one or both thumbs are affected.According to many affected individuals, the de- formity was noted at birth by their parents.Those affected also stated they were able to recognize the anomaly in their children during infancy.Radiographic studies show that the deformity of this trait is confined to the distal phalanx of the thumb.Breitenbecher (I923) compared radio- logically the distal phalanx of the affected thumb with that of the normal thumb and found the distal phalanx in the affected to be one-half the length of ii6 on July 23,

Topic: Congenital limb and hand anomalies
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Baseline predictors for visual acuity loss during observation in diabetic macular oedema with good baseline visual acuity

Abstract Purpose To investigate clinical baseline characteristics and optical coherence tomography biomarkers predicting visual loss during observation in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and good baseline visual acuity (VA). Methods A sub‐analysis of a 12‐month, retrospective study, including patients with baseline VA ≤0.1 logMAR (≥20/25 Snellen) and centre‐involving DMO. The primary outcome measure was the correlation between baseline characteristics and VA loss ≥10 letters during follow‐up. Results A total of 249 eyes were included in the initial study, of which 147 eyes were observed and 80 eyes received anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment at baseline. Visual acuity (VA) loss ≥10 letters occurred in 21.8% (observed cohort) and in 24.3% (treated cohort), respectively. Within observed eyes, presence of hyperreflective foci [HRF; odds ratio (OR): 3.18, p = 0.046], and disorganization of inner retina layers (DRIL; OR: 2.71, p = 0.026) were associated with a higher risk of VA loss ≥10 letters. In observed eyes with a combined presence of HRF, DRIL and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, the risk of VA loss was further increased (OR: 3.86, p = 0.034). In eyes with combined presence of DRIL, HRF and EZ disruption, risk of VA loss was 46.7% (7/15 eyes) in the observed cohort, and 26.3% (5/19 eyes) in the treated cohort (p = 0.26). Conclusion Patients with DMO and good baseline VA, managed by observation, are of increased risk for VA loss if DRIL, HRF and EZ disruption are present at baseline. Earlier treatment with anti‐VEGF in these patients may potentially decrease the risk of VA loss at 12 months.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Motion planning of networked multi-vehicle system with hybrid measurement model

This paper presents a new motion planning method of a multi-vehicle system in which vehicles can mutually measure the location of other vehicles when distances between vehicles are close. The mutual measurement method reduces uncertainty of location estimation by providing additional information. We propose a motion planning method based on the existence of maximal distance of mutual measurement. We formulate a multi-vehicle system with some disturbance and a new hybrid measurement model. The new model is a hybrid of maximal distance of mutual measurement and Kalman filter. The receding horizon control method is shown to be applicable to the new hybrid measurement model. We demonstrate the validity of our new hybrid measurement model in computer simulation.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Uneven Landscapes Inhabited by Middle Miocene Mammals From La Pava and Collón Cura Formations in North Patagonia

<title>Abstract</title> The Collón Cura Formation (CCF) bears a diverse assemblage of Middle Miocene terrestrial mammals (the Colloncuran fauna) known from the end of XIX century. The CCF along with the La Pava Formation (LPF) constitutes the main syntectonic infill of intermontane basins in the extra-Andean NW Patagonia. The study of paleosols and terrestrial ichnofacies of both units in these basins, particularly in the Jacobacci basin (Rio Negro Province, Argentina), document the progressive environmental change since the end of the Miocene Climatic Optimum, related to the drying and cooling of southern South America. This change is recognized in the andic Mollisols and mollic Andisols bearing <italic>Coprinisphaera</italic> ichnofacies formed in subhumid grasslands or wooded-savannas (LPF), and in the xeric-vertic Andisols and andic Aridisols bearing <italic>Celliforma</italic> ichnofacies developed in semiarid woodlands or bushlands (CCF). However, a new U-Pb date of 14.38 ± 0.19 Ma (late Langhian), for the LPF at the Huahuel Niyeu valley in the Jacobacci basin, indicates that both landscapes co-existed likely following a vertical rainfall gradient (orographic precipitation). In the present work, we report the first mammals from the LPF recovered from the Huahuel Niyeu associated to the dated strata. They include <italic>Palaeothentes intermedius</italic>, <italic>Prozaedius</italic> sp., <italic>Proeutatus</italic> sp., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., <italic>Glossotheriopsis pascuali</italic>, <italic>Massoiamys obliquus</italic>, <italic>Pliolagostomus friasensis</italic>, <italic>Eusigmomys</italic> cf. <italic>E. oppositus</italic>, <italic>Pachyrukhos moyani</italic>, <italic>Hemihegetotherium tantillum</italic>, <italic>Protypotherium australe</italic>, <italic>Protypotherium praerutilum</italic>, <italic>Palyeidodon obtusum</italic>, <italic>Hyperoxotodon</italic> sp. nov?, Toxodontidae indet., and Astrapotheriidae indet. All these taxa (except <italic>P. intermedius</italic>) also occur in sediments of the CCF in Jacobacci and other basins of NW Patagonia. We conclude that the heterogeneous landscape developed in Jacobacci basin was inhabited by diverse functional groups of Colloncuran mammals adapted to different climatic and floristic settings, and therefore they are not sensitive to small-scale environmental heterogeneity. These palaeoecologic inferences could be extended to other Miocene basins and to other Cenozoic mammal faunas of Patagonia, which paleohabitats were generally deduced from feeding behaviors.

Topic: Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CRISIS IN LATIN AMERICAN CULTURE

There have not been wanting signs in recent years that Latin American culture is passing through a crisis. In many countries cultural tendencies have changed or been intensified—the Fall of France was an acute shock to Argentina, North American influence gives rise to disquiet in some Colombians, there is an increase in English influence in Brazil. Some outside critics have asked what the Latin American contribution to world culture is, now or in the past, and it is a difficult question to answer, more for lack of a definition of terms than for lack of material to adduce (for at once many things come to mind: the relics of pre-Columbian civilisations, the lovely colonial art, some contribution to science in the eighteenth century and to medical art in our own times, contemporary peasant arts and the interesting developments in serious painting, a solid contribution to the law of nations and international relations, and above all the formation of a way of life and a tradition). So much depends on how far a contribution to world culture is made to coincide with what the world wishes to receive or with a preconceived view as to what it ought to wish to receive. An ingrained habit of self-criticism and depreciation makes individual Latin Americans question very seriously whether they have in fact a culture of their own, while governments have taken to stressing the national traditions of each individual country. Some analysis of the root conditions of Latin American culture may help to clarify its present crisis for us.

Topic: Cultural and Social Studies in Latin America
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren DW 780

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren<br>Common name(s): Wheat<br>Other names: CM9902-5M-0Y<br>Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico<br>Local sample unique identifier: DW 780<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1987<br>Other identifiers: n/a,DW780, n/a,CID 162467 SID 2, n/a,GID 1831201, n/a,4EDYT17<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeder's line<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An experiment to measure the<i>I</i>-<i>V</i>characteristics of a silicon solar cell

Solar cells often capture the public’s attention and are a source of fascination to students (Hamakawa 1987, Zweibel 1990). We have found it profitable to tap this interest in solar cells by introducing students at an early stage of their undergraduate curriculum to the rudiments of photovoltaic devices. The purpose of this article is to describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the I-V characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor (E) and light conversion efficiency. A simple solar cell experiment The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for early diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel tool for noninvasive in vivo diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer at high resolution. Given the excellent correlation that has been demonstrated between RCM findings and routine histology, clinicians using this imaging technique can establish an immediate diagnosis. Multiple studies have evaluated the use of RCM in melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer and have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity rates. We discuss the applicability of RCM for the early diagnosis of NMSC and discuss other clinical applications of this emerging technique. La microscopía confocal de reflectancia (MCR) es un herramienta novedosa para el diagnóstico precoz in vivo del cáncer de piel no melanoma (CPNM) con alta resolución. Dada la excelente correlación demostrada entre los hallazgos de la MCR y la histología de rutina, los clínicos que utilizan esta técnica de imágenes pueden establecer un diagnóstico inmediato. Múltiples estudios han evaluado el uso de la MCR en cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma, demostrando altas tasas de sensibilidad y especificad. Hablamos de la aplicabilidad de la MCR para el diagnóstico temprano de CPNM, comentando otros aplicaciones clínicas de esta técnica emergente.

Topic: Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) vs Non-ERAS: A Retrospective Study

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represented a significant global health burden, contributing to approximately 10% of all cancer-related mortality worldwide. While surgery remained the primary treatment for resectable CRC, the postoperative period was often characterized by prolonged recovery and complications. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols emerged as a multimodal approach to mitigate these challenges by attenuating surgical stress, optimizing nutritional status, minimizing opioid consumption, promoting early mobilization, and improving psychological well-being. This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes between colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery with ERAS protocols and those who followed traditional non-ERAS recovery pathways. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single academic institution. The study population comprised 201 adult patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer between January 2020 and December 2024. Patients were categorized into two groups: the ERAS group (n=135), who were managed according to a standardized ERAS protocol, and the non-ERAS group (n=66), who received traditional postoperative care. Statistical analysis involved independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. The ERAS group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the mean length of hospital stay compared to the non-ERAS group (7.67 days vs. 8.83 days, p &lt; 0.001). While the ERAS group exhibited slightly higher mean hemoglobin levels postoperatively (11.29 g/dL vs. 11.14 g/dL, p = 0.56), this difference was not statistically significant. Notably, the incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the ERAS group (1 case) compared to the non-ERAS group (4 cases), with a p-value of 0.051, indicating a trend towards significance. In conclusion, the implementation of an ERAS protocol was associated with improved postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, specifically a significant decrease in the length of hospital stay and a trend towards a lower rate of complications. These findings supported the integration of ERAS pathways into the standard of care for colorectal cancer surgery to enhance patient recovery, potentially reduce healthcare costs, and improve overall patient outcomes.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Information Integration Method Of Garden Plant Specimen Based On Data Mining

Aiming at the problems of large amount of plant specimen information, time-consuming information integration and poor effect, this paper proposes a method of information integration of garden plant specimen based on data mining. The data mining method is used to collect the feature information of plant samples. According to the feature parameters, the correlation values of plant categories are classified, and the corresponding information processing platform is established to improve the efficiency of information sample integration and improve the effect of information integration. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem that the traditional method takes too much time, and the integration coverage is higher, which fully meets the research requirements.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploration and Comparison of Image-Based Techniques for Strawberry Detection

Strawberry is an important cash crop in California, and its supply accounts for 80% of the US market [2]. However, in current practice, strawberries are picked manually, which is very labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, the farmers need to hire an appropriate number of laborers to harvest the berries based on the estimated volume. When overestimating the yield, it will cause a waste of human resources, while underestimating the yield will cause the loss of the strawberry harvest [3]. Therefore, accurately estimating harvest volume in the field is important to farmers. This paper focuses on an image-based solution to detect strawberries in the field by using the traditional computer vision technique and deep learning method.\nWhen strawberries are in different growth stages, there are considerable differences in their color. Therefore, various color spaces are first studied in this work, and the most effective color components are used in detecting strawberries and differentiating mature and immature strawberries.\nIn some color channels such as the R color channel from the RGB color model, Hue color channel from the HSV color model, 'a' color channel from the Lab color model, the pixels belonging to ripe strawberries are clearly distinguished from the background pixels. Thus, the color-based K-mean cluster algorithm to detect red strawberries will be exploited. Finally, it achieves a 90.5% truth-positive rate for detecting red strawberries. For detecting the unripe strawberry, this thesis first trained the Support Vector Machine classifier based on the HOG feature. After optimizing the classifier through hard negative mining, the truth-positive rate reached 81.11%.\nFinally, when exploring the deep learning model, two detectors based on different pre-trained models were trained using TensorFlow Object Detection API with the acceleration of Amazon Web Services' GPU instance. When detecting in a single strawberry plant image, they have achieved truth-positive rates of 89.2% and 92.3%, respectively; while in the strawberry field image with multiple plants, they have reached 85.5% and 86.3%.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences