jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pristane modulates specific changes on T cell dependent pathway of lupus in non-F1 BALB/c mice

Animal modeling for lupus is a crucial step in the process of discovering efficacious drugs. There are many drug candidates that have potential benefits for the treatment of lupus, but finding an appropriate model remains challenging. The appropriate model based on the literature is an induction model that uses 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) in female Balb/c mice. The TMPD increases the probability of damage beyond lupus, to the joint and kidneys. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a lupus model by TMPD to test a drug candidate. The experimental method was measuring many biomarkers involved in the TMPD mechanism to obtain lupus-like disease mice. We measured CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ and CD4+CD62L+ T-regs, CD123+IFN-?+ dendritic cells (flow cytometry); total leukocytes (Turk staining); anti-Sm antibody (ELISA); and renal and joint histology (HE staining). After the 6th month, there were reduction (p&lt;0.05) of the T regulatory percentage of CD4+CD25L+ T cells (Naïve=19.39±3.06%, TMPD-treated=5.72±3.43%) and CD25+FOXP3 + T cells (Naïve=10.32±4.47%, TMPD-treated=7.70±4.47%), meanwhile, the IFN-? increased significantly (p&lt;0.05), (Naïve=6.92±8.67%, TMPD-treated=11.42±0.95%), and the total leukocytes increased (p&lt;0.05) (Naïve=9,800±1,698, TMPD-treated=17,500±1,490 cells/mm3). The anti-Sm antibody was also present in the TMPD-treated mice as one cause which led to renal and joint structural disorders. The biomarkers were analyzed by using Independent T-test, so this positive lupus model with its tested biomarkers is valid and can be used to test drugs for lupus.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The use of lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19

In a review article, the authors discuss the role of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia, including that in patients with COVID-19.This method seems to be a valuable approach for early diagnosis of viral pneumonia and monitoring of patients during pandemic of COVID-19.

Topic: Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Introduction

The idea for this book began to develop a long time ago. After much consideration, I discussed the project with cinema scholars and several colleagues who work primarily on Italian film studies. The response produced by our conversations was unmistakably similar: "Are you sure you have enough material for a book? Besides Wertmüller and Cavani, who else is there to fill up a book of essays about women filmmakers?" These questions left me with the urge to respond. Despite the fact that those I consulted were knowledgeable and possessed considerable expertise, they were unaware of the wealth of material available to explore. Clearly, a widespread lack of visibility of women filmmakers exists, even to experts in the field. Thus, development of such a volume of essays became all the more necessary in order to promote the criticism I hope it will encourage.KeywordsWoman DirectorFemale CharacterFemale DirectorItalian WomanFilm StudyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Testing the relationship of gender and business major to professional development behaviors and expected employment

This study's results, with 664 surveyed graduating business students, demonstrated that creating four groups, using gender and quantitative or nonquantitative major, was useful for testing their relationships to professional development behaviors and expected employment. Results showed that male–nonquantitative majors (n = 144) reported the lowest number of internships, student professional meetings attended, and expected full-time job consistent with major, and the highest expected self-employment. Nonquantitative business majors may need additional outreach efforts to increase their professional development.

Topic: Higher Education and Employability
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of contaminated sediment on the epidermis of mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>

Abstract Secretion of mucus by epidermal goblet cells protects fish against many biological, physical, and chemical insults encountered in the environment. This study monitored changes in hemoglobin concentration in epidermal mucus and in the density, diameter, and mucus quality of epidermal goblet cells in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, following exposure to creosote-contaminated sediment from the Elizabeth River, Virginia, USA. Fish were exposed for 13 d in flow-through aquaria to either uncontaminated (US) or contaminated (CS) sediments and were sampled periodically. The condition index was lower and the mortality rate and the occurrence of epidermal lesions were higher in CS-exposed fish than in US-exposed fish. Hemoglobin contents in epidermal mucus from the former group were significantly higher than from the latter. Significant reductions in both size and density of goblet cells in CS-exposed fish suggested a mucus secretion rate exceeding its production rate. Significant changes in mucin types between treatments did not occur until day 13 and are not believed to be directly related to the creosote present in the contaminated sediment. These results all indicate that exposure to creosote-contaminated sediment had a profound and deleterious effect on fish health.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analyse purinerger Stoffwechselwege und NAD+-Konzentration in Patienten mit hepatozellulärem Karzinom nach Leberresektion und Lebertransplantation

Background: In Germany, one in 88 men and one in 190 women develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during lifetime. Improved curative therapies and new multimodal treatment strategies have nowadays increased survival rates upon liver resection or transplantation. Since the most important factor in the process of malignant transformation of HCC is the patient’s individual immune system, a deep understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms is essential for further refinement of diagnosis and therapy. This study focuses on purinergic signaling mechanisms mediated by ectoenzymes of T-cells and monocytes as well as determination of NAD+ in blood plasma. The aim of this work is to identify potential biomarkers and assess their suitability for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Methods: In this exploratory study, 31 HCC patients whose therapy included either liver transplantation (n=11) or resection (n=20) were included and compared to a control group (n=10). At previously defined time points, pre-, and postoperatively as well as during acute rejection (ACR) or ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples and cryopreserved together with blood plasma. The NAD+ concentration of the blood plasma was determined by heat-based dichotomous pH extraction procedure. Flow cytometry was used to assess the patients' monocyte and T-cell populations which had been extracted and cultivated from the samples, thereby emphasizing the analysis of ectoenzymes, purinergic receptors and cytokines. Results: Lower NAD+ concentration was detected both, pre- and postoperatively in patients with liver resections. In this group, we found several subtypes of T-cells expressing ectoenzymes and other regulators of purinergic metabolism (CD38, CD203a and Cx43) to be depleted, while a higher proportion of TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) expressed the ectoenzyme CD39. A higher proportion of CD163 expressing TEMs and CD14+ CD16+ monocytes were associated with shorter recurrence-free and overall survival. The Expression of Ectoenzymes on Th17-cells was preoperatively upregulated in transplant patients with IRI. Patients with ACR showed preoperatively decreased proportions of CD39-expressing monocytes and TEMs. Discussion: The purinergic signaling system has a significant impact on solid tumor growth, survival, and progression by influencing not only the tumor itself but also immune responses and the associated tumor microenvironment. By establishing the studied ectoenzymes as new potential biomarkers, improvement of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment options and decisions in HCC appears promising. Larger cohort studies are needed to validate the herein proposed ectoenzymes on T-cells and monocytes as well as blood NAD+ levels as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Structural equation modeling to predict performance in English proficiency tests

Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been shown to be an effective and powerful tool in language testing and assessment as it offers advantages over fundamental statistical techniques such as regression and correlation analysis. Specifically, SEM is capable of confirming multiple hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among different variables in one analysis. For example, it can be used to identify the relationship of task characteristics with test takers' performance or to explore the relationship of a test and test takers. It can also be used to confirm the factor structure of tests. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts in SEM analysis, identifies five stages in SEM analysis, and provides an overview of language assessment studies that have utilized this method. An application of this method is shown through a sample study that aims to determine whether test scores on an English diagnostic test of receptive skills can predict performance in an English proficiency test of receptive and productive skills and whether academic background impacts these test scores. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the benefits and limitations of SEM in language testing and assessment research.

Topic: Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The accuracy of beat-interval based algorithms for detecting atrial fibrillation

Automated detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) from the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) remains a challenge. Some have suggested that a major source of false positives from R-R interval based AF algorithms are ectopic beats and/or other supraventricular arrhythmias. However, this has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of four commonly implemented R-R Interval based AF algorithms (1) The coefficient of variance, (2) Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences, (3) Turning Point Ratio (TPR) and (4) Shannon Entropy. All four algorithms were tested on R-R interval data from patients in normal sinus rhythm, during atrial fibrillation, with ectopic beats and with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the performance of each algorithm over different analysis segment lengths ranging from 30 to 120 beats. When comparing algorithm results, a clear reduction in algorithm performance was found in patients with ectopic beats and SVT. This must be taken into consideration when designing and evaluating algorithms for automated AF detection.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INDIA AND THE NEW LOOK OF U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY

U.S. nuclear export policy has undergone major transformations since 1945, and the most recent change, as expressed in the July 18, 2005, India-U.S. Joint Statement, represents an especially significant shift in policy. The document reverses more than a quarter century of U.S. declaratory policy, suggesting that the current U.S. administration regards nuclear proliferation to be both inevitable and not necessarily a bad thing. This article investigates this policy shift, looking at the history of U.S. nuclear export policy and the potential ramifications of the new policy on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The author also touches on the potential effects of the Joint Statement on Indian-Pakistani relations. Finally, it is suggested that it is not too late for India and the United States to change the new policy with more consideration for the NPT and the Nuclear Suppliers Group Initiative.

Topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Digitisation and analysis of historical vertical deflections in India

We describe the [somewhat tedious] process of digitising from a 1955 report that lists over 1000 vertical deflections in India and some surrounding countries. It involved error-checking with closed-loop tests and resolution of an ambiguity surrounding the meridional vertical deflection at the Kalianpur origin of the datum. We transformed these Kalianpur coordinates to geodetic coordinates on geocentric datum to compute absolute vertical deflections. However, due to many changes to the Everest spheroid due to different feet to metre conversions and readjustments of the Kalianpur datum, we were restricted to using the abridged Molodensky transformation parameters for the 1975 Kalianpur datum and Everest 1956 spheroid based on only seven common points from the WGS84 technical manual. We compared these transformed absolute vertical deflections with EGM2008 and GGMplus (for both models: meridional standard deviation: ∼±2″; prime vertical standard deviation: ∼±3″), showing that the effort of digitisation and scrutiny of historical geodetic data is indeed worthwhile.

Topic: Historical Geography and Cartography
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of Thermostable α-amylase from Thermophilic andAlkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Isolate DM-15

Bacillus sp. DM-15 was isolated from Ciftehan Thermal Spring, Turkey produced thermostable α-amylase at 55°C at pH 9. Analysis of the enzyme for molecular mass and amylolytic activity carried out by SDS-Starch-PAGE electrophoresis revealed a single band with high molecular mass 126 kDa. After extraction, the enzyme remained stable in a range of temperature and pH between 40-100°C and 4.5-10, respectively. The optimum enzyme activity was displayed at 60°C and pH 5.5-6.0. α-amylase production by thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain cultivated in liquid media reached a maximum at 12 h with levels of 27.5 μmol mg-1 protein min-1. The enzyme was stable for 15 min at 60°C while 24% of the original activity was lost at 100°C. Enzyme activity was increased in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2, Na2SO3 and KCl (105%) and inhibited in the presence of 5 mM EDTA, CuSO4, FeSO4, SDS (1%), Urea (8 M), Co up to 98, 79, 57, 36, 33 and 10%, respectively. The DM-15 α-amylase may be suitable for in liquefaction of starch in detergent and textile industries and in other industrial applications.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anger held inward, aggressive dream content in craniomandibular disorders and bruxers

Objective. To evaluate means in anger-in and aggressive dream con­tent in craniomandibular disorder/bruxers. Method. Two question­naires to evaluate anger-in and aggressive content in nightmares, clinical examination, and criteria for craniomandibular disorders/ bruxism were used in 70 subjects with craniomandibular disorders/ bruxism (66 females, mean age 31.3); in 28 bruxers without cranio­mandibular disorders (19 females, mean age 32.3); and in 39 controls without such disorders (26 females, mean age 30.6). Results. Anger-inward was not different between craniomandibular disorder/brux­ism (130.7) and non craniomandibular disorder/bruxism (105.6); but it was different when compared with control group (70.1): cra­niomandibular disorder/bruxism versus control group (p&lt;0.001); non craniomandibular disorder/bruxism and control group (p&lt;0.01). Frequencies of aggressive dream content in nightmares were about: craniomandibular disorder/bruxism: 71.4%; non craniomandibular disorder/bruxism: 67.9% and control group: 46.2% (p=0.02). Means in aggressive dream events were not different among the groups. Conclusions. Anger-in was higher in those with craniomandibular disorders/bruxism. Aggressive events in bad dreams and nightmares decreased from the more psychologically disturbed subgroup to the less psychological disturbed one.

Topic: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Subfield: Complementary and Manual Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
New placement of the leafhopper genus Idioceroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae), with description of a new species

The leafhopper genus Idioceroides Matsumura is transferred back to Idiocerinae from Agalliinae where it was erroneously placed. A new species, Idioceroides sichuanensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from Sichuan, China. A key is provided to separate the new species from the only other known species, I. tettigoniformis Matsumura from Taiwan and the female genitalia for species of the genus are described for the first time.

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Safety Mothering-Healthy Mothering

Parents can do more than ever ta help their children grow up and become healthy personalitles. Recognizing and appreciating children&amp;#039;s basic personality is one of the most difftcult but one of the most rewarding tasks of parenthood: especially in mothering

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
SHORT NOTICES

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access PATRICK DURUSAUHigh Places in Cyberspace: A Guide to Biblical and Religious Studies, Classics, and Archaeological Resources on the Internet (Scholars Press Handbook Series). Scholars Press, Atlanta 1998 (2nd edition). Pp. 381-a. Price: $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 0-7885-0492-4. JOHN F. HEALEY JOHN F. HEALEY UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XLVI, Issue 2, Autumn 2001, Pages 381-a–381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/XLVI.2.381-a Published: 01 October 2001

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantitative structure-activity relationship in 1-substituted ureidophenoxy-3-amino-2-propanols, a class of beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

The beta-adrenergic blocking potency of 56 1-substituted ureidophenoxy-3-amino-2-propanols has been analysed in terms of the linear Free-Wilson model. The values obtained for the Free-Wilson coefficients have been correlated with the chemico-physical parameters of the substituents. The preliminary indication given by the Free-Wilson analysis has been confirmed by a quantitative regression analysis, carried out in the frame of the "mixed approach" method.

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Immune Evasion and Therapeutic Targeting Associated with PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

In tumor microenvironment, the programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint has a crucial role of mechanism of T cell exhaustion leading to tumor evasion. Ligands of PD-1, programmed death ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/L2) are over-expressed in tumor cells and participate in prolonged tumor progression and survivals. Recently, clinical trials for patients who failed to obtain an optimal response prior to standardized chemotherapy in several solid cancers have been focused on targeting therapy against PD-1 to reduce disease progression rates and prolonged survivals. Since various inhibitors targeting the immune checkpoint in PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in solid cancers have been introduced, promising approach using anti-PD-1 antibodies were attempted in several types of hematologic malignances. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as the most common and aggressive B cell type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies were studies in various clinical trials. In this review, we summarized the results of several studies associated with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as an immune evasion mechanism and described clinical trials about targeting therapy against PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in DLBCL.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Imaging Features and Complications of Female Urethral Diverticula

A female urethral diverticulum is a focal outpouching of the urethra into the urethrovaginal potential space.1 The reported incidence of urethral diverticula in women is approximately 1% to 6%, with the diagnosis typically occurring between the third and sixth decades of life.2 In symptomatic women, the classic clinical triad of dysuria, dyspareunia, and postvoid dribbling is present (the “three Ds”).1 However, women with urethral diverticula are more commonly asymptomatic or present with an array of nonspecific genitourinary symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency, chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, and stress or urge incontinence. More atypical presentations include urinary retention, urethral pain, purulent urethral discharge, pelvic or suprapubic pain, or a tender mass.1 , 3 Because of the varied clinical presentation, a urethral diverticulum should be considered in all women with unexplained lower genitourinary tract symptoms.3 Other differential diagnoses for women presenting with unexplained lower genitourinary symptoms include interstitial cystitis, urethral syndrome (ie, urinary urgency and frequency with negative urine cultures); Skene's gland abscess; Gartner duct cyst; ectopic ureterocele; periurethral fibrosis; urethrocele; endometrioma; urethral or vaginal neoplasm; and collagen bulking agents used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.1 , 3 The correct diagnosis of a urethral diverticulum is critical, as potential complicating features include recurrent infection, calculus formation, and intradiverticular malignancy.2 Moreover, late diagnosis of urethral diverticulum is associated with high risk of postoperative complications, high recurrence rate after surgery, and, if malignancy is present, early metastases.1

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences