jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

Abstract In this article, we conjoin two long‐standing lines of inquiry in criminology—the study of prison life and the study of sexual assault—by using original qualitative and quantitative data from 315 transgender women incarcerated in 27 California men's prisons. In so doing, we advance an analysis of the factors and processes that shape their experience of sexual victimization in prison. The results of qualitative analysis of 198 reported incidents of sexual victimization exhibit a range of types of sexual victimization experienced by transgender women in prison and reveal the centrality of relationships to their experiences of victimization. Findings from logistic regression models buttress the qualitative results, highlighting a factor that consistently and powerfully indicates vulnerability to sexual victimization is involvement in consensual sexual relationships with male prisoners. Together, the data demonstrate the prominence of intimate partner violence in prison, complicate the distinction between consent and unwanted sexual experiences in the lives of transgender women in prisons for men, and shine a light on the workings of gender in a total institution that privileges heteronormativity at the expense of the safety of transgender women in prisons for men. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of timely policy concerns.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dielectric relaxation studies. III. Allyl bromide and allyl ethers in liquid state

Complex dielectric permittivity measurements are reported at radio and microwave frequencies for four allyl compounds in the temperature range 30–70 °C. The analysis of dielectric data in terms of Cole–Cole arc, multiple relaxation times, and Higasi's distribution function reveals that the overall molecular rotation is the dominant relaxation mechanism in these unsaturated compounds. The activation parameters are evaluated assuming dielectric relaxation to be a rate process.

Topic: Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Presentation1_The Botanical Drug PBI-05204, a Supercritical CO2 Extract of Nerium Oleander, Is Synergistic With Radiotherapy in Models of Human Glioblastoma.pdf

&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common as well as one of the most malignant types of brain cancer. Despite progress in development of novel therapies for the treatment of GBM, it remains largely incurable with a poor prognosis and a very low life expectancy. Recent studies have shown that oleandrin, a unique cardiac glycoside from Nerium oleander, as well as a defined extract (PBI-05204) that contains this molecule, inhibit growth of human glioblastoma, and modulate glioblastoma patient-derived stem cell-renewal properties. Here we demonstrate that PBI-05204 treatment leads to an increase in vitro in the sensitivity of GBM cells to radiation in which the main mechanisms are the transition from autophagy to apoptosis, enhanced DNA damage and reduced DNA repair after radiotherapy (RT) administration. The combination of PBI-05204 with RT was associated with reduced tumor progression evidenced by both subcutaneous as well as orthotopic implanted GBM tumors. Collectively, these results reveal that PBI-05204 enhances antitumor activity of RT in preclinical/murine models of human GBM. Given the fact that PBI-05204 has already been examined in Phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, its efficacy when combined with standard-of-care radiotherapy regimens in GBM should be explored.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Real-time inversion using Monte Carlo results for the determination of absorption coefficients in multilayered tissues: application to noninvasive muscle oxymetry: I&lt;/title&gt;

A clinical study of the evolution of the space resolved reflectance with the subcutaneous layers thickness, at rest, on the vastus lateralis, is used to determine convenient sets of muscle and fat optical coefficients at 850 nm. The results are compared to the data available in the literature. When the same study will be completed at 780 nm, these coefficients will be used in 3 layers MC simulations to establish pre-calculated tables of the reflectance as a function of the fat thickness and of the muscle absorption coefficient. The goal of this study is eventually to perform real time inversion during effort in order to determine the muscle oxygenation with this very simple technique (part 2).

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Truss Bridge Rehabilitation Using Steel Arches

There are many bridges in North America that are inadequate for modern traffic loads because of deterioration or insufficient original design strength, or both. Although many of these bridges do not meet the present standards for roadway width and other geometrical considerations, they are serving well, probably because of low traffic volumes on these bridges. Thus, rehabilitation and reinforcement, rather than replacement of these bridges, can be very cost‐effective. This paper describes a reinforcement system suitable for many through truss bridges, particularly those built around the turn of the century. The reinforcement system investigated consists of superimposed arches with additional hangers and additional floor beams. This reinforcement was implemented on a one‐seventh (1:7) scale model of a steel truss bridge. A series of static load tests was conducted on the reinforced model to determine the effectiveness of the reinforcement system. The test results indicate that the reinforcement system is very effective to the extent that the model was still stable even after severing the bottom chords in one panel of the bridge model.

Topic: Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regulatory aspects and evidences of melatonin use for sleep disorders and insomnia: an integrative review

ABSTRACT Background: Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty of falling asleep or maintaining sleep, which affects different age groups. Currently, melatonin is used as a therapeutic treatment in cases of insomnia in children, adults, and elderly people. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin in sleep disorders, its dosage, potential adverse effects, as well as labeling laws and regulations in Brazil. Methods: This integrative review was carried out using the Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), and Science Direct databases. Twenty-five articles and three documents available on the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabology (SBEM) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) websites published between 2015 and 2020 were selected to be evaluated in full. Results: It was found that in most of the selected articles the use of melatonin reduces sleep latency. The effective melatonin doses varied according to each age group, from 0.5 to 3 mg in children, 3 to 5 mg in adolescents, 1 to 5 mg in adults, and 1 to 6 mg in elderly people. Side effects are mild when taking usual doses. In Brazil, no registered drug and current regulation on the use and marketing of melatonin has been identified. Conclusion: The use of melatonin is an alternative therapy that can be used for sleeping disorders. According to the evidences found, it did not demonstrate toxicity or severe side effects, nor dependence even when administered at high doses, suggesting that it is a safe medication to treat patients of different ages suffering from sleeping disorders.

Topic: Sleep and related disorders
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Overcomes NK Cell Resistance in &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt;-Rearranged Leukemia Expressing Inhibitory KIR Ligands but Not Activating Ligands

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Leukemias with &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt; gene rearrangement are associated with a poor prognosis. Natural killer (NK) cell therapy is a potential treatment, but leukemia cells may be resistant. Here, we sought to determine the susceptibility of &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt;-rearranged leukemia cells to NK cell lysis and to develop a novel immunotherapeutic approach to optimize NK cell therapy, including the use of an antibody against leukemia-associated antigen and the elimination of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)–mediated inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Three &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt;-rearranged leukemia cell lines (RS4;11, SEM, and MV4-11) and primary leukemia blasts were assessed for surface phenotype and susceptibility to NK cell lysis with or without antibodies against CD19 (XmAb5574), CD33 (lintuzumab), or KIR ligands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All three cell lines were resistant to NK cell lysis, had some inhibitory KIR ligands and protease inhibitor-9, and expressed low levels of NKG2D activating ligands and adhesion molecules. After treatment with XmAb5574 or lintuzumab, &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt;-rearranged leukemia cells were efficiently killed by NK cells. The addition of pan–major histocompatibility complex class I antibody, which blocked inhibitory KIR-HLA interaction, further augmented degranulation in all three KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, and KIR3DL1 subsets of NK cells based on the rule of missing-self recognition. A mouse model showed a decreased rate of leukemia progression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; as monitored by bioluminescence imaging and longer survival after antibody treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our data support the use of a triple immunotherapy approach, including an antibody directed against tumor-associated antigen, KIR-mismatched NK cell transplantation, and inhibitory KIR blockade, for the treatment of NK cell–resistant &lt;i&gt;MLL&lt;/i&gt;-rearranged leukemias. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6296–305. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Objects in focus groups: Materiality and shaping multicultural research encounters

This paper discusses some opportunities and challenges of using objects in focus groups, to explore multicultural encounters and experiences of living together. Drawing on feminist approaches to human embodiment, it argues that material approaches hold the potential to investigate the embodied and relational experiences of encounters with/across difference of diverse participants in sensitive ways. The materials were touchable objects such as pens and papers that help connect across differences in identity, experience and opinion, share experiences and stories with unknown others, communicate across (non)verbal barriers, misunderstandings and tensions, and accommodate moments of silence and reflection. Originally meant to ease and structure discussion, objects emerged as a central ‘medium’ or ‘instrument’ of research encounters through which participants can capture, express and share complex narratives about encountering others and multicultural living, underscoring the use of objects as an impactful method in feminist and participatory research.

Topic: Participatory Visual Research Methods
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Mediating Influence of Treatment Participation Rate on Post-Treatment Employment

This study explored treatment participation rate as a mediator between individuals’ baseline alcohol use, drug use, and psychiatric issue levels and post-treatment employment status. The study sample included 106 unemployed or underemployed individuals with substance use disorders who were participants in an intensive drug abuse treatment program. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine relationships between study variables. The results showed that (a) the direct effect of individuals’ baseline alcohol use, drug use, and psychiatric issue severities reduced treatment participation rate; (b) the direct effect of treatment participation rate ameliorated post-treatment employment status; and (c) the indirect effect of individuals’ baseline alcohol use, drug use, and psychiatric issue severities on post-treatment employment status was mediated by treatment participation rate, which reduced the negative influence of baseline issue severity on employment. This significant mediating effect has both practical and theoretical importance in that it indicates the need for increased focus on treatment participation in practice and future research.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dermatological Examinations in School Health Service. A Survey of School Doctors in Primary Schools in Hokkaido.

平成元年10月, 北海道内の小学校を担当している学校医259名(有効回答数133)に対し, 健康診断と皮膚検診, 内科検診におけるアトピー性皮膚炎のチェックについてアンケート調査を行った。 1) 学校医のほとんどは内科·小児科医で占められており, 皮膚科医はまったくみられなかった。 2) 92%の学校医が内科検診時に皮膚検診を行っており, また, 学校医の72%が, 内科検診時にとくに注意をして診ている項目として「皮膚疾患の有無」をあげていた。 3) 皮膚検診を行っている学校医のうち95%が, とくに注意をして診ている皮膚疾患としてアトピー性皮膚炎をあげていた。 4) 内科検診時, 93%の学校医はアトピー性皮膚炎をチェックしており, 86%はアトピー性皮膚炎は健康診断でチェックされるべきであるとしている。 5) 伝染性皮膚疾患については, 伝染性軟属腫以外チェックしている学校医は少なく, 関心はあまり高いとは言えなかった。 6) 82%の学校医は皮膚検診は必要であるとしており, その場合2次検診も含めると66%が皮膚科専門医が行うのがよいとしていた。また, 54%の学校医は, 検診は「全児童」に行うのが望ましいとしていた。 以上の調査結果より皮膚科医による皮膚検診, 学校医, 養護教諭への啓蒙など学校保健への参加が必要であると思われた。

Topic: Dermatological diseases and infestations
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Diversity Intelligence and Career Development

DQ has the potential to positively impact the career development of all employees. Some employees have been denied career development opportunities because of a lack of understanding of their ability to learn and attain new knowledge, skills, and abilities. Many false assumptions are held by leaders that have been allowed to hinder the career development potential of protected class group members.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CONGENITAL MIDDLE EAR CHOLESTEATOMA

Forty-three patients with congenital middle ear cholesteatoma have been described since the first case in 1953. In these patients ten cholesteatomas were confined to the anterior mesotympanum in young children who had no ossicular damage. Involvement of the posterior mesotympanum (8 ears), meso and epitympanum (21 ears), and antrum and middle ear (7 ears) was associated with an 81% incidence of ossicular erosion in addition to other abnormalities. Anterior mesotympanic cholesteatomas were readily identified by the appearance of a white mass behind a translucent drum. The other congenital cholesteatomas had a more varied appearance with a mass and a whitish appearance each noted in about half. In almost half there was a bulging of the TM. Two new cases are reported: a 4-year-old with an extensive epi and mesotympanic cholesteatoma initially misdiagnosed as non-suppurative otitis media and a 23-year-old with the third reported case of bilateral congenital cholesteatoma.

Topic: Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A thematic content analysis of suicide notes from South Africa

Suicide remains a serious public health problem nationally and globally. Rates of completed suicide in South Africa are reported to be 13.25 per 100,000. Data are needed to assist in the understanding of suicide and to inform evidence-based prevention efforts. This article presents the first known thematic analysis of suicide notes from South Africa. A sample of 24 suicide notes was collected from three independent sites located in Johannesburg and Durban. Thematic analysis yielded 12 themes that showed marked similarity to themes reported in comparable international studies. Two themes – ‘Expressions of love and gratitude’ and ‘Concern for those left behind’ – were found to be unique in relation to the international literature. It is recommended that further research on suicide notes be conducted in South Africa, using a standard coding scheme.

Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Glycomics: New Challenges and Opportunities in Regenerative Medicine

Abstract Tissue engineering relies on the possibility to engineer cell microenvironments by means of bioactive materials, biochemical and physical stimuli in order to guide cell behaviour and to regenerate damaged tissue. Despite the relevance of glycan epitopes as signaling molecules, and the recent advances in glycomics, their use as biomolecular cues at the interface between materials and cells for the controlled stimulation of adhesion and differentiation processes for regenerative medicine applications is still limited. In this concept article we will briefly outline the basis and the impact on health and economics of regenerative medicine, together with the recent applications of the glycocode in tissue regeneration approaches.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Metabarcoding Study of Fecal Bacterial and Eukaryotic Pathogens in Stray and Pet Cats in Seoul, South Korea, 2022

Objectives: Zoonotic diseases pose substantial public health risks because of their potential transmission from animals to humans. As pets, cats can harbor these pathogens. The objective of this study was to describe bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens in the feces of stray and pet cats in Seoul, South Korea, using next-generation sequencing techniques. Methods: We collected 26 fresh fecal samples (17 from pet cats and 9 from stray cats) in Seoul’s Mapo-gu District in April and May 2022. Amplicon sequencing targeted the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacterial pathogens and the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotic pathogens. We used QIIME 2 to conduct bioinformatic analysis, assessing alpha diversity with the Shannon Diversity Index and beta diversity with principal coordinates analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. We used ALDEx2 and an analysis of the composition of microbiomes to analyze differential abundance and χ 2 tests to assess pathogen prevalence. Results: Across all 26 samples, Helicobacter spp (77%; n = 20) and Campylobacter spp (69%; n = 18) were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens. Escherichia-Shigella spp were more common in stray cats (56% [5 of 9]) than in pet cats (12% [2 of 17]) as were Brachyspira spp (stray cats, 44% [4 of 9]; pet cats, 0%). Of eukaryotic pathogens, Giardia spp (19% [5 of 26]) were most prevalent across both groups, with Pentatrichomonas spp significantly more common in stray cats (22% [2 of 9]) than in pet cats (0%). Conclusions: This study found distinct fecal microbial communities in stray versus pet cats, with a higher prevalence of potential pathogens in stray cats. These findings emphasize the need for public health planning and effective measures for controlling stray cats.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Insights on the Pooled Prevalence and Global Distribution of Leptospirosis in Goats: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Leptospira spp. infection in small ruminants is usually asymptomatic or presents nonspecific clinical signs and has an economic impact on goat farming and public health. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on the global seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis in goats. The methodology was based on the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the review project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—ID: CRD42023405693). Overall, 79 articles were included in the study. The global prevalence of leptospirosis in goats was 18.6% (CI 95% = 15.08–22.71%), with no publication bias and high heterogeneity. The records originated from South America (n = 32), Asia (n = 26), Europe (n = 8), North America (n = 7), and Africa (n = 6), and seropositivities were 17%, 19%, 12%, 34%, and 22%, respectively. It is concluded that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in goat herds, including regions with semi-arid and arid climates, and it is suggested that the prospects for controlling the disease should focus on avoiding environmental contamination and improving management measures and sanitary practices. This important information provides guidance for actions to protect against human contamination and to control animal leptospirosis.

Topic: Leptospirosis research and findings
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Historical trends in forest policy and administrative finance in India

The study aims to analyze the macroscopic relationship between historical trends in forest finance and economic conditions in India. The forest area of India has been stable for the last 30 years, even though forest stock per person is far less compared to the average of other Asian countries. In this study, both interviews with government officials and secondary information were analyzed to understand historical trends in forestry finance in the Indian administrative and legislative systems on a broader spectrum. The administrative budget of India is divided into plan outlay and non-plan outlay. The plan outlay budget is used for general construction activities as it is finalized based on the discussion between forestry department and planning commission. India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fluctuated until the 1970s, but it is gradually stabilized and ranged from 4 % to 8 % since the 1980s. Forestry and wildlife legislations including new governmental organizations were also established during the period of 1970s and 1980s. However, Kerala state established such legislations and organizational set up earlier than the central government. Consequently, the area of plantation has also increased steadily in the state since the 1960s, even though the GSDP (Gross State Domestic Products) was not so stable even in the 1980s. It is obvious that forest resources can be maintained under stable economic growth through the support of effective policies; however, the case revealed that financing for plantations depends on organizational efficiency. The increasing budget amount and organizational expansion are correlated, however, such budget is rarely utilized by local people. Further studies are recommended to find out whether local people benefited by these policies and participatory initiatives.

Topic: Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growing high-quality CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> by using porous CsPb<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>5</sub> as an intermediate: a promising light absorber in carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Growing high-quality CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> by using porous CsPb<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>5</sub> as an intermediate.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences