jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling Location Choice of Taxi Drivers for Passenger Pickup Using GPS Data

&lt;p&gt;Recently, the traditional taxi industry has been struggling to keep its market share, especially with the emergence of new transport network companies (e.g., Uber). One of the problems with traditional taxi services is the difficulty of matching the taxi demand to its supply when there is no phone-booking or other reservation system. From that perspective, the taxi driver?s experience is important in reaching the next passenger. A taxi driver with limited experience may not know the high-demand locations and times of taxi stands or street sections to visit after dropping off a passenger. This causes a large number of vacant taxi drivers to regularly cruise the roads to search for a passenger, contributing to congestion, pollution, and resource waste. We formulate the problem of a taxi driver?s next passenger pickup location as a destination choice problem. Vacant taxi trips between drop-off and pickup points are extracted from GPS records obtained from a taxi operator in Lisbon, Portugal, to understand the travel behavior of vacant taxi drivers. We have estimated destination choice models with a multinomial logit and a nested logit structure. It was found that passenger demand at the pickup area, hotspot locations, service location preference, and major transport hubs positively influence a taxi driver?s next choice of passenger pickup location. Results of this study provide insight regarding the factors that explain a taxi driver?s probability to choose a certain zone within a set of passenger pickup zones, contributing to a better understanding of taxi driver travel behavior.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Transportation and Mobility Innovations
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of NF-κB,Bcl-2 and Bax on neuronal apoptosis in experimental presyrinx state

AIM: To investigate neuronal apoptosis in experimental presyrinx state and the regulatory role and mechanism of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Bax in rabbits. METHODS: The experimental syringomyelia models of rabbits were established by intra- cisternal injection of Kaolin. Neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of NF-κB, IκB, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured with TUNEL and immunohistochemistry in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d after operation respectively . RESULTS: Compared with that in control group, the NF-κB expression in Kaolin group increased from the 1st day after operation, reached its peak at 3rd day, remained there till 7th day, and returned to a normal level at 14th day approximately. The IκB expression showed a negative correlation with NF-κB at the same time points. The Bcl-2 and Bax expressions increased from the 1st day, reached its peak at 7th day, remained there till 14th day, and then began to drop. CONCLUSION: In presyrinx state of experimental syringomyelia, the increasing expression of NF-κB mainly upregulates its target gene Bax, thus inducing neuronal apoptosis to involve in nervous function injury.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis of high temperature resistant BADCy/PES/BMI resin adhesive by solvent-free method and its performance characterization

A series of high temperature resistant adhesives were synthesis from 2,2'-Bis-(4-cyanatophenyl) (BADCy), polyethersulfone (PES) and N, N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BMI) by solvent-free method. The effect of BMI content on the curing behavior, thermal, mechanical, fracture morphology, adhesive and thermal aging properties were studied. With the addition of BMI, the curing activation energy of resin increases from 67.44 kJ/mol of BMI-0 to 69.22 kJ/mol of BMI-30. The reason is mainly due to the higher activation energy of BMI self-polymerization. The BADCy/PES/BMI resin has a wider processing window (BMI-20 has the lowest viscosity in the range of 96°–182 °C), and the processing window becomes wider as the BMI content increases. More interestingly, as BMI content increases, resins toughness decreases and lap shear strength at room temperature decreases (from 31.4 MPa of BMI-0 to 20.0 MPa of BMI-30), but the high temperature performance increases as BMI content increases (temperature for 5% weight loss under N2 atmosphere of BADCy/PES/BMI increase from 404 °C of BMI-0 to 413 °C of BMI-30).

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Metal-Catalyzed Phosphodiester Cleavage:  Secondary <sup>18</sup>O Isotope Effects as an Indicator of Mechanism

Information about the transition states of metal-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions of model phosphate compounds has been obtained through determination of isotope effects (IEs) on the hydrolysis reactions. Metal complexation has been found to significantly alter the transition state of the reaction from the alkaline hydrolysis reaction, and the transition state is quite dependent on the particular metal ion used. For the diester, ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate, the nonbridge 18O effect for the hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by Co(III) 1,5,9-triazacyclononane and Eu(III) were 1.0006 and 1.0016, respectively, indicative of a slightly associative transition state and little net change in bonding to the nonbridge oxygen. The reaction catalyzed by Zn(II) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane had an 18O nonbridge IE of 1.0108, showing the reaction differs significantly from the reaction of the noncomplexed diester and resembles the reactions of triesters. Reaction with Co(III) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane showed an inverse effect of 0.9948 reflecting the effects of bonding of the diester to the Co(III). Lanthanide-catalyzed hydrolysis has been observed to have unusually large 15N effects. To further investigate this effect, the 15N effect on the reaction catalyzed by Ce(IV) bis-Tris propane solutions at pH 8 was determined to be 1.0012. The 15N effects were also measured for the reaction of the monoester p-nitrophenyl phosphate by Ce(IV) bis-Tris propane (1.0014) and Eu(III) bis-Tris propane (1.0012). These smaller effects at pH 8 indicate that a smaller negative charge develops on the nitrogen during the hydrolysis reaction.

Topic: Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 3 from Rb Depletion Results in Deregulation of E-Cadherin and Induction of Cellular Phenotypic Changes that Are Characteristic of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Supplementary Figure 3 from Rb Depletion Results in Deregulation of E-Cadherin and Induction of Cellular Phenotypic Changes that Are Characteristic of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Topic: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread

Abstract The aim of this work was to improve the quality parameters, functional properties, and sensory attributes of the fino bread using sprouted whole wheat flour (SWWF) at different levels, i.e., 3, 6, and 9%. Results demonstrated that SWWF has two-fold phenolic compounds and antioxidant ability compared to unsprouted wheat. The SWWF was found to be high in protein, minerals, and fat while low in carbohydrates compared to the control sample. Additionally, the microbial loads of SWWF were within processing-acceptable limits. Dough stability and rheological attributes of wheat with SWWF were evaluated to predict the texture of the final bread. There was a positive correlation between stability time and mixed dough and texture parameters of wheat bread with SWWF. The bread made using SWWF was high in protein content. The panelists accepted the bread up to 9% SWWF addition from a sensory perspective. The findings demonstrated that SWWF might be suggested for utilization as an enhancer, particularly up to 9% addition in the bread-making industry.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Chronic Meningitis: A study on epidemiological and clinical findings, treatment results and prognosis of 97 patients

Central nervous system’s disorders including chronic meningitis (CM) have considerable mortality and irreversible complications, and diagnosis and treatment of CM is difficult. In this retrospective study we reviwed epidemiological and clinical findings, treatment results and prognostic factors of 97 patients with CM admitted in Imam Khomeini hospital for the last 10 years. Important etiological factors in this study included: Mycobacterium Tuberculousis (8.2%) Brucellae SP (5.2%), malignancies (1%) and unknown (85.5%); the sexual ratio was 2:1 (Male/Female) and the most common clinical manifestations were: fever, headache, cranial and motor neuron involvement, seizure and ataxia. Treatment regimens used included antituberculosis agents with or witout corticosteroids, in which the prognosis was better in patients who had been treated with antituberculosis agents alone. The mortality rate was 22.7%, which was in accordance with other studies. We suggest using of antituberculosis treatment alone in comparison with antituberculosis and corticosteroid. Last but not least a double blind randomized clinical trial for a longer period is needed to further substantiate the results of this study.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of the effect of endometriosis on oocyte quality and endometrial environment by comparison of donor and recipient outcomes following embryo transfer in a shared oocyte program.

Though no significant differences were found in donors with or without endometriosis in any parameters, there did appear to be a trend for lower PRs and implantation rates in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
STUDIES WITH HAEMOPHILUS PERTUSSIS

Until recently little has been known concerning the immunochemistry of the causative organism of whooping cough. Haemophilus pertussis as isolated from patients with the disease in active form is an organism of unique characteristics. It is biochemically inert in standard fermentation reactions; its growth requirements are exacting; it tends to undergo dissociation into three different variant forms which cannot be distinguished morphologically. However, the variants have far less rigid growth requirements and grow readily on simple mediums. Immunologically the organism is of a single type. On the basis of the serologic reactivities of the variant forms, H. pertussis has been classified into four "phases" by Leslie and Gardner.<sup>1</sup>This classification was confirmed by Flosdorf, Dozois and Kimball.<sup>2</sup>Phase I represents the virulent form as freshly isolated from patients with active whooping cough. Its requirements of growth are met by the medium of Bordet and Gengou. No liquid medium

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The dynamics of what?

Van Gelder presents the distinction between dynamical systems and digital computers as the core issue of current developments in cognitive science. We think this distinction is much less important than a reassessment of cognition as a neurally, bodily, and environmentally embedded process. Embedded cognition lines up naturally with dynamical models, but it would also stand if combined with classic computation.

Topic: Embodied and Extended Cognition
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Direct-Bandgap 2D Silver–Bismuth Iodide Double Perovskite: The Structure-Directing Influence of an Oligothiophene Spacer Cation

Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) feature remarkable optoelectronic properties for solar energy conversion but suffer from long-standing issues of environmental stability and lead toxicity. Associated two-dimensional (2D) analogues are garnering increasing interest due to superior chemical stability, structural diversity, and broader property tunability. Toward lead-free 2D HOIPs, double perovskites (DPs) with mixed-valent dual metals are attractive. Translation of mixed-metal DPs to iodides, with their prospectively lower bandgaps, represents an important target for semiconducting halide perovskites, but has so far proven inaccessible using traditional spacer cations due to either intrinsic instability or formation of competing non-perovskite phases. Here, we demonstrate the first example of a 2D Ag-Bi iodide DP with a direct bandgap of 2.00(2) eV, templated by a layer of bifunctionalized oligothiophene cations, i.e., (bis-aminoethyl)bithiophene, through a collective influence of aromatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, bidentate tethering, and structural rigidity. Hybrid density functional theory calculations for the new material reveal a direct bandgap, consistent with the experimental value, and relatively flat band edges derived principally from Ag-d/I-p (valence band) and Bi-p/I-p (conduction band) states. This work opens up new avenues for exploring specifically designed organic cations to stabilize otherwise inaccessible 2D HOIPs with potential applications for optoelectronics.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring the Connection between Physical and Mental Health in Women and Dog Ownership

The connection between pet ownership and human well-being, especially the role of dogs, has been an area of increased focus for researchers. This qualitative study investigates the intricate relationship between physical and mental health in women who have dogs. Through semi-structured interviews with 20 women and open-ended questions designed specifically for the topic, this study provided a platform for participants to share their experiences and thoughts, leading to a deeper understanding of the issue. The research strongly indicates that having a dog has a beneficial effect on mental health. Participants reported feeling less stress and anxiety, an uplift in spirits, and increased motivation. They also noted enhanced social bonds and emotional support from their canine companions. Conversely, the study also calls attention to specific challenges linked with dog ownership. The financial burden, time investment, and care responsibilities could increase stress for some. Health conditions or allergies could intensify discomfort for dog owners, and the emotional impact of a pet's illness or loss could lead to profound grief. The study underscores the importance of acknowledging individual factors that influence the impact of dog ownership on mental health. By recognizing the benefits and the challenges of having a dog, individuals can make more informed choices about pet ownership and better prepare for any associated difficulties. Further research is necessary to deepen our understanding of the dynamics between human and canine well-being and devise strategies to enhance the mental health benefits for dogs and their owners. Supporting the human-canine relationship could significantly improve mental well-being and overall quality of life. Key Words: Dog ownership; Women; Well-being; Emotional Support; Mental Health

Topic: Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Online brand community within the integrated marketing communication system: When chocolate becomes seductive like a person

This study proposes brand communities as an effective tool within the integrated marketing communication (IMC) system. The paper utilizes the Brand Concept Map quali-quantitative technique in order to represent and compare mental association texture within one group of non-members of a brand community versus one group of people engaged in the same community. Brand stimulus is Nutella (chocolate cream) which boasts a crowded and lively online brand community: Nutellaville. Results show that brand community is effective in terms of contribution, commonality, and complementarity within the IMC system. In particular, Nutella brand image within the online community participants is composed of some mental associations overlapping other communication tools (commonality), and by new mental associations (complementarity) referred to the brand image dimension named ‘brand as person’ (seductive, popular, reassuring); second, this anthropomorphism effect solves the issue of sense of guilt excited by chocolate (contribution).

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>mecC</i>MRSA in Israel—genomic analysis, prevalence and global perspective

Abstract Background MRSA is a major global healthcare problem. In 2011, a new mec variant designated mecC was described, presenting partial identity at the DNA level, thus undetectable by routine mecA PCR. Objectives Until now, no reliable information regarding mecC MRSA prevalence was available in Israel. In this study, to the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case of mecC MRSA in Israel, with focus on genomic analysis and global context. Methods The mecC MRSA isolate was analysed by WGS with focus on phylogeny, global contextualization, virulence and resistance genes. The strain was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, spa typing and presence of mecA/C and pvl genes. Results An MRSA strain (SA10610), isolated from a urine sample of an 83-year old patient, was found negative for the mecA and pvl genes. The MLST and spa type were ST130 and t1736, respectively. SA10610 presented resistance to oxacillin, penicillin and cefoxitin, and susceptibility to all non-β-lactam agents tested. Phylogenetic comparison with a global dataset of 586 mecC MRSA genomes revealed substantial genomic divergence. The nearest genomic relatives were human and animal isolates from Denmark. A screen of 12 761 S. aureus isolates collected during 2011–18 in Israel indicated this is the only mecC-positive strain. Conclusions A high degree of genetic variability was found between the SA10610 strain and previously sequenced mecC MRSA isolated worldwide. The genomic and phylogenetic analysis suggest that mecC MRSA isolates have evolved independently rather than from a common ancestor.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Monoclonal anti-T12 antibody as therapy for renal allograft rejection.

Nineteen renal allograft recipients experiencing rejection were infused with monoclonal mouse anti-human T12 directed to a T lymphocyte differentiation antigen expressed on mature post-thymic cells. Patients were offered this therapy as an alternative to high-dose methylprednisolone after diagnosis of an acute rejection episode within 3 months of transplantation. Seven patients had clear-cut reversals of rejection activity within the 10-day period of treatment. Four additional patients had delayed responses in association with acute tubular necrosis and/or cyclosporine toxicity, and they received other therapies according to protocol when anti-T12 alone had not caused a response after 5 days. All but one of these responding patients have been free of subsequent acute rejection over a 1-15 month follow-up period. Treatment failures appear to be related to the presence of allo-antibody-mediated vasculitis. Therapy was well tolerated. These preliminary studies have revealed the existence of a T12 negative subpopulation of extrathymic T cells, usually undetectable in peripheral blood.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrochemical Characteristics of Dissolution for Stainless Steel Produced by PSH-MIM Process

Metal injection molding (MIM), one of the powder metallurgy processes, has attracted considerable interest because of the advantage of better formability to fabricate complex shape products without machining and welding. In this experiment, the specimens prepared by the conventional MIM process and the powder space holder-metal injection molding process (PSH-MIM process) were used, and their corrosion behaviors were investigated through the electrochemical procedures such as potendiodynamic polarization curve measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the coulostat method. The porous specimen prepared by PSH-MIM process was corroded more easily than the one prepared by the conventional MIM process. This is because the PSH-MIM specimen has the greater surface area than the conventional specimen. The EIS and the coulostat measurement methods were confirmed to be quite effective for the measurement of corrosion behavior of the porous materials.

Topic: Injection Molding Process and Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Zur Wirkung von Zn<sup>2⊕</sup> auf die nucleare RNA- und Proteinbiosynthese der Rattenleber / Effect of Zn<sup>2⊕</sup> on Nuclear RNA- and Protein-Biosynthesis in Rat Liver

Female rats have been employed for a study of the reactivity of zinc ions on RNA and protein biosynthesis of liver nuclei. Intraperitoneal injections of 20 μmoles of this metal ion have been found to stimulate RNA biosynthesis up to 80% and a 40% increase of protein synthesis was observed under the same conditions. The precursor for RNA synthesis was [6- 14 C] -orotic acid and [l- 14 C]-ᴅʟ-leucine served as a label for nuclear protein. Low Zn 2 ®-concentrations showed no reactivity, even when zinc-deficient rats were used. DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity was progressively diminished when increasing amounts of Zn 2⊕ -ions were added in vitro to the incubation mixtures. However, RNA-polymerase activity was strongly stimulated following a 10 h pulse of Zn 2 ® prior to the isolation of liver nuclei.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 2008792: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
S3-2 Mechanism and regulation of enzymes degrading amylopectin and α-limit dextrins(Overseas Invited Presentation)

Cellulose is very valual]le bio-resources produced by plant in huge amount all over the world, However, due to the short of the technique, those huge amount of biorresources are nearly all wasted and causing serious environment pollution.In order to develop a bio-tech for cellulose utilization and ethanol procluction to provide new energy resource, the genetic engineering methods were errrployed in this study.The cellulase genes were isolated from 7):i'chodema vziln'd After those genes had been isolated, the vectors with those genes were constructed.The genes were then transformed to yeast (Slacchatz)ia7ces cemva'siae) and the transforTnants were collected.The bioassay of the transforTnats were then carried out.The results of the bioassay showed that all the 7 genes were transformed into the yeast successfully.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences