jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P699: Trends in Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Rural Population in the United States

Introduction: The stroke mortality rate has gradually declined due to improved interventions and controlled risk factors. We investigated the trends in stroke risk factors and outcomes among a rural population in the United States between 2004 and 2018. Methods: We built a comprehensive stroke database called “Geisinger NeuroScience Ischemic Stroke (GNSIS)” for this study. Clinical data were extracted from multiple sources, including electronic health records and quality data. Results: Our cohort comprised of 8,561 consecutive ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 70.1±13.9 years, men: 51.6%, 95.1% Caucasian). Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (75.2%). The rate of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and history of stroke increased significantly over the fifteen years window. The one-year recurrence and mortality rates were 6.3% and 15.8%, respectively. Although the one-year stroke recurrence increased from 2004 to 2018 (Cochran-Armitage test Z = -3.66, p&lt;0.001), the one-year stroke mortality rate decreased significantly (Cochran-Armitage test Z = 2.39, p=0.008). Age &gt;65 years, atrial fibrillation or flutter, heart failure, and prior ischemic stroke were independently associated with one-year all-cause mortality in stratified Cox proportional hazards model. In the Fine-Gray competing risk model, diabetes mellitus and age &lt;65 years was found to be associated with one-year ischemic stroke recurrence. In the logistic regression, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and prior ischemic stroke were predictors of one-year recurrence while age &gt;65 years, atrial fibrillation or flutter, CKD, heart failure, prior hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, history of neoplasm, myocardial infarction, and rheumatic diseases were predictors of one-year mortality. Conclusion: Although stroke mortality has decreased, stroke recurrence and several vascular risk factors have significantly increased in our rural population between 2004-2018. Older age, atrial fibrillation or flutter, heart failure, and prior ischemic stroke were independently associated with one-year all-cause mortality while diabetes mellitus and age less than 65 years were predictors of ischemic stroke recurrence.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
GPS Observations of Post-Seismic Crustal Movements in the Focal Region of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake. Static and Real-Time Kinematic GPS Observations.

Post-seismic deformations in the focal region of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (M=7.2), in southwest Japan, which occurred on January 17 (JST), were observed with GPS observations. We deployed more than 30 GPS stations in and around the area of aftershock activity within several days after the occurrence of the earthquake. First the data were stored and manually collected at the observation sites, but by the middle of February the data at most of sites were started to be telemetered through public phone lines to data centers. GPS observations continued until the end of March, except for 4 sites left active for monitoring long-term deformations. We used two types of GPS observations, usual static and real-time kinematic GPS observations. Static day-by-day analyses, which are based on 24-h data sampled every 30 s, show the deformation associated with post-seismic readjustment with a relaxation time of about 70 days and with an amplitude of 1-2 cm in the area close to the epicenter. Also, rapid movements were observed just after the occurrence of the earthquake. However, since our analyses are only preliminary, further analyses are needed to clarify these observations and to investigate models of post-seismic deformations. Real-time kinematic GPS observations, which is a new type of GPS observations, were made every 1 s from February 9 to March 22 for detecting possible rapid relative movements between two sites across the surface fault trace on Awaji Island and across the other fault, the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Fault on the Kobe side. Present real-time kinematic GPS observations show scatters with the amplitude of 0.5-3.0 cm depending on components and baseline lengths. Any motions with amplitudes larger than these noise levels could not be detected during the observation period.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Joint Vessel Segmentation and Deformable Registration on Multi-Modal Retinal Images Based on Style Transfer

In multi-modal retinal image registration task, there are two major challenges, i.e., poor performance in finding correspondence due to inconsistent features, and lack of labeled data for training learning-based models. In this paper, we propose a joint vessel segmentation and deformable registration model based on CNN for this task, built under the framework of weakly supervised style transfer learning and perceptual loss. In vessel segmentation, a style loss guides the model to generate segmentation maps that look authentic, and helps transform images of different modalities into consistent representations. In deformable registration, a content loss helps find dense correspondence for multi-modal images based on their consistent representations, and improves the segmentation results simultaneously. Experiment results show that our model has better performance than other deformable registration methods in both quantitative and visual evaluations, and the segmentation results also help the rigid transformation <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Leveraging Audio-Only Data for Text-Queried Target Sound Extraction

The goal of text-queried target sound extraction (TSE) is to extract from a mixture a sound source specified with a natural-language caption. While it is preferable to have access to large-scale text-audio pairs to address a variety of text prompts, the limited number of available high-quality text-audio pairs hinders the data scaling. To this end, this work explores how to leverage audio-only data without any captions for the text-queried TSE task to potentially scale up the data amount. A straightforward way to do so is to use a joint audio-text embedding model, such as the contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP) model, as a query encoder and train a TSE model using audio embeddings obtained from the ground-truth audio. The TSE model can then accept text queries at inference time by switching to the text encoder. While this approach should work if the audio and text embedding spaces in CLAP were well aligned, in practice, the embeddings have domain-specific information that causes the TSE model to overfit to audio queries. We investigate several methods to avoid overfitting and show that simple embedding-manipulation methods such as dropout can effectively alleviate this issue. Extensive experiments demonstrate that using audio-only data with embedding dropout is as effective as using text captions during training, and audio-only data can be effectively leveraged to improve text-queried TSE models.

Topic: Music and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Practical Assessment of the NBT-PABA Pancreatic Function Test Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of<i>P</i>-Aminobenzoic Acid in Urine

A practical method for determining p-aminobenzoic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography has been assessed. The technique is quick, requires no extraction steps and has good precision. Using this method, healthy individuals had a p-aminobenzoic acid excretion index of 94% ±18 (mean±1 SD). Patients with proven, severe chronic exocrine pancreatic dysfunction had index values of &lt;5–25%. Unlike chemical methods available, there were no interferences in any of the urines tested, nor did 12 compounds tested interfere with the analysis.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A new method of metamorphicrock buried hill fracture reservoir modeling

Metamorphicrock buried hill reservoir is a type of complex fracture reservoirs and hard to characterize. The paper proposes a new method for buried hill modeling, to establish double porosity model, including fracture and matrix. In matrix modeling process, metamorphic lithology theory is used to characterize the complicated distribution of lithology for phase modeling, and matrix model with porosity and permeability under the control of lithology phase condition is completed by random simulation modeling. The data of lithology come from well logging in buried hill reservoir. In fracture modeling, the feature of strong anisotropy of permeability in formation is considered and a new method of fracture modeling is applied to characterize the fracture system. Then the method is used in history matching of real reservoir simulation to test the reliability, and the result shows the model by new method are closer to real reservoir than model by common method.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Biological Characteristics and Artificial Rearing Techniques of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Papilio bianor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

[Objective] By exploring the biological characteristics and artificial scale breeding technology of <i>Papilio bianor</i> Cramer, the artificial scale breeding technology system was established in Chongqing, providing a strong guarantee for the resource development, utilization and protection of <i>P. bianor</i>. [Methods] Adult insects were introduced into the field and artificially bred in the insect Innovation base of Chongqing Normal University at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 70%±5%. The detailed growth and biological characteristics of <i>P. bianor</i> were observed and recorded at various developmental stages. And then summed up the technical method system of the artificial large-scale breeding of Papilio bianor in Chongqing area. [Results] The growth and development process and biological characteristics of each developmental stage of <i>P. bianor</i> were observed and recorded, and the generation of <i>P. bianor</i> was successfully carried out in indoor, and a complete set of artificial large-scale breeding technology system was established. [Conclusion] Based on the breeding technology system established in this study, the growth and development of <i>P. bianor </i>in all stages of indoor breeding are good, and the offspring can be successfully bred. The results of this study provide technical guidance for the large-scale breeding of <i>P. bianor</i>, and have important significance for the protection and resource utilization of this species.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aqueous dispersions of gelled collagen particles. Part 1: experimental characterization of stiffness and rheological properties

Purpose To study the rheological behavior of aqueous dispersions of collagen gelled media and to bring it into relation with the gel stiffness and microstructure. Design/methodology/approach Collagen gelled media were prepared at different concentrations and their stiffness was measured with dynamic elastic modulus (DEM) technique. The gelled media were reduced into dispersions of micelles and gel liquid phase and the apparent viscosity of these systems was investigated as a function of the gap thickness, the shear rate and the collagen concentration. The gap thickness was varied between 20 and 200 μ m. The microstructure of the broken gelled media was finally explored with optical microscopy. Findings DEM analysis has given values of the collagen gel stiffness ranging between 3 × 10 −4 and 3.3 × 10 −3 MPa. It has been shown that apparent viscosity grows with the increase of the gap thickness from 2 to 5 Pa s at constant collagen concentration and applied shear rate (4 percent, 100 s −1 ). A rise in the collagen concentration has produced an increase in the apparent viscosity of gelled media dispersions. Nevertheless, the phenomenological law does not obey previously proposed equations but follows a sigmoid modal. Shear‐thinning phenomenon has been observed when the shear rate is varied between 10 and 2,000 s −1 . Research limitations/implications The gel breaking process, which may cause changes in the microstructure of the micelles and hence in the rheological behavior of the dispersions, should be characterized measuring the forces acting on the samples during the rupture. Originality/value The paper provides useful information on the rheological behavior of aqueous dispersions of collagen gelled media.

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ravenna: Capital of Empire, Crucible of Europe, by Judith Herrin

This monograph is an ambitious, rewarding and detailed history of the city of Ravenna, spanning the period from its designation as imperial capital in the early fifth century to its Carolingian spoliations in the ninth. It is not so much an urban history as a comprehensive account of the political and religious forces operating in Europe and the Mediterranean in these centuries and shaping the context in which Ravenna can best be analysed. While Ravenna’s history has been the subject of a vast scholarship, including at least three significant recent monographs, Judith Herrin’s approach is based on a fundamental shift of perspective: she rejects the label of ‘Late Antiquity’ as a useful periodisation, choosing to speak of ‘Early Christendom’ instead. Christianity, Herrin argues, was the defining characteristic of the era; the pervasive element in the construction of authority, economy, built environment and social structures. This is not just a semantic...

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Linguistic politeness: the backbone of cross-cultural communication within a second language environment

As politeness is conveyed within a communicational context, the concept of linguistic politeness is therefore relevant to any language user, striving to be an efficient communicator, especially within a socially and culturally diverse society. The concept of linguistic politeness has been the subject of much debate amongst theorists. Essential to any discussion on linguistic politeness are the aspects of euphemism, pragmatics and sociolinguistic and communicational competence, all of which will be discussed, and their implications for linguistic politeness will be considered. Linguistic politeness is a subject that should be central to any language curriculum and is of vital importance to the process of communication. It is therefore the aim of this paper to make evident how important a topic it is, and how necessary it is for the process of communication, especially cross-cultural communication.

Topic: Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hegel in and Out of the Woods

This chapter focuses on the environmental implications of Hegel’s early thought. Often charged with being hostile to nature, Hegel’s attitude is more complex: his concern is not with nature in itself but with the destruction enabled by an ideology of subjective freedom. In the essays and lectures of his Jena period, Hegel takes the measure of a nascent industrial capitalism, along with its consequences for life, consciousness, and labor. This chapter emphasizes the philosopher’s resistance to the domination of nature. In a lecture course of 1803–4, he asks how machine labor reshapes consciousness. But he also proposes that machinery “deceives” nature, as it hastens on the “evaporation” of a bond between worker and world. If under capitalism all that is solid melts into air, for Hegel this change in the weather can be attributed to industry and its intensifying capacity for exploitation.

Topic: Economic and Social Issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Application of biological variation in the evaluation of quality standard clinical chemistry set and result

Objective Biological variation are discussed in the quality of clinical chemistry test specification set up and applied value in the evaluation of results. Methods For urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, three acyl glycerol, glucose and other 23 biochemical events, according to the indoor quality control, biological data and qualitative evaluation between two room, calculating the actual deviation and variation coefficient, the actual total error,the actual changes and reference value. Results A total of 23 biochemical events after clinical chemistry examination,to achieve the best CV quality specification requirements of 9, 11 appropriate level requirements of the project, the lowest level for project 2, was greater than the CV quality specification requirements of the project of one. In different reference value change of differential probability. Conclusion Learn quality specifications as biological variation of evaluation standard, to a more comprehensive and objective analysis of various biological project, for the clinical interpretation of test results.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
T cell response to N-formylated peptides in humans

We present the first evidence of a T lymphocyte response to N-formylated peptides in humans. N-formylated peptide sequences from self (mitochondrial) and foreign (microbial) antigens were usedto isolate antigen-specific T cell clones from healthy individuals, including a set of monozygotic twins. The observed response differed from that previously described in mouse (CD4+ phenotype and MHC class II restriction in humans vs. CD8+ phenotype and class I restriction in mice). These lymphocytes produce substantial amounts of IFN-γ. They were isolated in only one of the monozygotic twins, which suggests that their expansion in the healthy immune repertoire is independent of the genetic background. Our result will help in assessing the relevance of N-formylated peptide-specific T cells in protection against infections within the human immune system.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Meetings between equals

At the heart of the medieval peacemaking process stood the face-to-face meeting. Conferences between rulers are frequently mentioned in the sources of the period, yet chroniclers often tell more about where these parleys took place than they do about what was decided. There are various pieces of evidence that indicate that there may have been more conferences held at or near the elm tree. The evidence of the elm tree and the ford of St Remigius clearly shows that meeting places were a statement by medieval princes that those two sites were regarded as forming part of the border at the time of meeting. Bridges are another example of specific sites of conferences that are visible in the landscape, of which there are some well-known and justifiably famous meetings that date from the later medieval period.

Topic: Historical Legal Studies and Society
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lactobacillus GG reduced diarrhoea incidence in children treated with antibiotics

(1999) J Pediatr 135, 564; Vanderhoof JA, Whitney DB, Antonson DL, et al. . Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. . Nov; . : . –8 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: In children being treated with antibiotics, does co-administration of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) reduce the incidence of diarrhoea? Randomised (allocation concealed*), blinded (clinicians, patients, and outcome assessors),* placebo controlled trial with 10 day follow up. Primary care paediatric practice in Rapid City, South Dakota, United States. 202 children between 6 months and 10 years of age who had an acute infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissues, or skin and were prescribed a 10 day course of antibiotics. Exclusion criteria were chronic disease, serious acute infection, or diarrhoea at the start of antibiotic administration. 188 children (93%) (median age 4 y, 55% girls) completed the study. Children were allocated to LGG … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2Bpediatrics%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BPediatr%26rft.aulast%253DVanderhoof%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D135%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D564%26rft.epage%253D568%26rft.atitle%253DLactobacillus%2BGG%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bprevention%2Bof%2Bantibiotic-associated%2Bdiarrhea%2Bin%2Bchildren.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0022-3476%252899%252970053-3%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10547243%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70053-3&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10547243&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F5%2F4%2F113.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000083519400009&link_type=ISI

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The list of representative genes differentially expressed in &lt;i&gt;C. albicans gal102Δ/Δ&lt;/i&gt; as compared to the WT.

&lt;p&gt;The genes are categorized based on available annotation in the Candida genome database.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences