jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NPP Cropland: Gridded Estimates For the Central USA, 1982-1996, R1

This data set contains a single data file (.csv format) that provides gridded values of net primary productivity (NPP) for cropland in eight counties in the central United States for the year 1992 and estimates of interannual cropland NPP in Iowa for years from 1982 through 1996. The data file also includes climate, soil texture, and land cover data for each 0.5 degree grid cell. The magnitude and interannual variation in NPP was estimated using crop area and yield data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The major harvested commodities were corn, soybean, sorghum, sunflower, oats, barley, wheat, and hay. Total NPP estimates include both above- and below-ground components. County-level NPP in 1992 ranged from 195 to 760 gC/m2/year. The area of highest NPP, ranging from 650 to 760 gC/m2/year, was found in a band extending across Iowa, through northern Illinois, Indiana, and southwestern Ohio. Areas of moderate NPP, from 550 to 650 gC/m2/year, occurred mostly in Michigan and Wisconsin, while large areas of low NPP, from 200 to 550 gC/m2/year, occurred in North Dakota, southern Illinois, and Minnesota. The area of highest production was also the area with the largest proportion of land sown with corn and soybean. NPP for counties in Iowa varied among years (1982-1996) by a factor of 2, with the lowest NPP in 1983 (which had an unusually wet spring), in 1988 (which was a drought year), and in 1993 (which experienced floods). Revision Notes: The documentation for this data set has been modified, and the data files have been reformatted. The data files have been checked for accuracy and the contents are identical to those originally published in 2001.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE

The pedagogical practice is understood in the perception of Gimeno Sacristán (1999) as a share of the teacher within the classroom. Guided by the concept of this author, the text which sought to investigate the concept of teaching practice of academic course on the Pedagogy of UNICENTRO to identify the students' statements that reflect evidence that the relationship between theory and practice actually discussed the pedagogy course. This relationship is discussed, mainly in the discipline of Supervised the third year of teacher training, because of that promotion, more concretely, the consideration of the relationship between theory, which he established the first years of the course, and practice that will develop. What became clear is that there are sufficient only for reading and one forced by the examples of teaching practice, it is necessary an investigative posture of the students at all times of the course. Among the group of academics who have demonstrated understanding of the concept, it was felt that a theoretical / practical course held in the Pedagogy of UNICENTRO has caused the ratio of the theoretical and practical actions of teachers. Keywords: educational practice; teacher training; teacher knowledge.

Topic: Education Pedagogy and Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
WATER-BASED SETTLEMENTS AND THE URBAN PLANNING CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA A CASE STUDY OF BANJARMASIN CITY

The Banjarmasin city is located in territorial waters. The development is currently causing problems related to the context of the aquatic environment. This is because urban development planning is not in accordance with the environmental context. Therefore, this article aims to determine the sustainability of water-based settlements in aquatic environment in Banjarmasin city. This is a qualitative article with the descriptive method used to explain the environmental structure and architectural elements of water-based settlements. Primary and secondary data were obtained from field observations and the city government in the form of maps and pictures of settlements. The data collected were analyzed with the descriptive approach and concluded using the deductive method. This article reveals the form of residence due to community adaptation to water areas and finds that urban spatial development policies need to understand the community's adaptation process as a local brand of city identity. The concept of 'living with water is a future challenge because it is a water-based cultural adaptation strategy. The architecture of the floating residence has the opportunity to be developed into a floating settlement and city. Therefore, the adaptation of residential architectural forms and environmental structures supports the Banjarmasin city as a waterfront city.

Topic: Architectural and Urban Studies
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Speech visualization by integrating features for the hearing impaired

Describes development of a new speech visualization system that creates readable patterns by integrating different speech features into a single picture. The system extracts the phonemic and prosodic features from speech signals and converts them into a visual image using neither speech segmentation nor speech recognition. We used four time-delay neural networks (TDNNs) to generate phonemic features in the new system. Training of the TDNNs using three selected frames of eight kinds of acoustic parameters showed significant improvement in the performance. The TDNN outputs control the brightness of patterns used for consonants, that is, each of the consonant-patterns is represented by a different white texture whose brightness is weighted by the output of a corresponding TDNN. All the weighted consonant-patterns are simply added and then overlaid synchronously on colors due to the formant frequencies. When this is done, phonemic sequences and boundaries manifest themselves in the resulting visual patterns. In addition, the color of a single vowel sandwiched between consonants looks uniform. These visual phenomena are very useful for decoding the complex speech code, which is generated by the continuous movements of speech organs. We evaluated the visualized speech in a preliminary test. When three students read the patterns of 75 words uttered by four males (300 items), the learning curves showed a steep rise and the correct answer rate reached 96-99%. The learning effect was durable: after five months of absence from the system, a subject read 96.3% of the 300 tokens in a response time which averaged only 1.3 s/word.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of mineral fertilizers on yield and qualitative indicators of winter wheat grain

The article presents the results of a long-term research devoted to determining the effect of mineral fertilizers on yield and qualitative parameters of winter wheat grains of Grom and Tabor varieties, provided they are cultivated on the leached chernozems of Adygea. A considerably high profitability of both varieties was established on the basis of the experiment results.

Topic: Agriculture and Biological Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Arrangements of Authorities Pd. Medan City Market In The Making of Cooperation Contracts And Management of The Medan Separate Market

Agreement/contract for place of business in the context of restoration/rejuvenation of the Medan Municipal Petisah Market project which was made and signed by the Medan Municipal Government with PT. Gunung Karya Kencana Sentosa (PT.GKKS) on July 24, 1993 with agreement/contract number 511.2/13155 is a form of build operate transfer (BOT). The problem in this research is related to the contract arrangement for the place of business in the context of the development and management of the Petisah Market, how is the authority of PD.Pasar Kota Medan in making cooperation contracts and problems and their solutions in the development and management cooperation of the Petisah Market. This research method uses a qualitative method that is juridical normative. Based on the formulation of the problem, this research also conducts interviews and direct observations of the results of development carried out by PT. GKKS as well as the management of Medan Petisah Market which is divided into management areas based on the contract, namely the first floor for PT. GKKS and the second floor for the third floor for PD. Pasar Kota Medan. Making every contract in the PD environment. Medan City Market before and after regional autonomy is the same. PD. Medan City Market is authorized and has the right to make a cooperation contract with any party as long as it must be approved by the Medan City PD.Pasar Supervisory Board. Therefore, the Petisah Market contract is null and void because the Medan City Government represented by the Medan Mayor is not authorized to be a party to the cooperation contract because the Petisah Market which is the object of the contract/agreement is not owned by the Medan City Government since the change in the Medan City Market Service institution. become a PD. Medan City Market.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Improved Iron-Hematoxylin Stain for Elastic Fibers

A modification of Verhoeff's elastic tissue stain with connective tissue counterstaining is described. The modified procedure requires no differentiation of the elastic fibers, thus eliminating the problem of over- or understaining of elastic fibers. The procedure is easy to perform and yields consistently good results with sharply defined elastic fibers that are easily distinguishable from other connective tissue elements. It is recommended for routine use, particularly when photomicrography is desired.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transformative Justice: Israeli Identity on Trial

Can Israel be both Jewish and democratic? Transformative Justice, Leora Bilsky's landmark study of Israeli political trials, poses this deceptively simple question. The four trials that she analyzes focus on identity, the nature of pluralism, human rights, and the rule of law-issues whose importance extends far beyond Israel's borders. Drawing on the latest work in philosophy, law, history, and rhetoric, Bilsky exposes the many narratives that compete in a political trial and demonstrates how Israel's history of social and ideological conflicts in the courtroom offers us a rare opportunity to understand the meaning of political trials. The result is a bold new perspective on the politics of justice and its complex relationship to the values of liberalism. Leora Bilsky is Professor of Law, Tel Aviv University.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Use of Polyacrylamide Gel as an Immunoadsorbent for Anti-2, 4-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies

Abstract A simple, effective method for preparing an immunoadsorbent specific for anti-DNP antibody is described. The immunoadsorbent was made with a highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gel containing dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP30BSA) as the antigen. The immunoadsorbent permitted the adsorption and subsequent elution of a mouse myeloma IgA (MOPC-315) with anti-DNP activity. The Fc and F(ab) fragments from MOPC-315 could also be separated effectively on this column. In addition, a non-precipitating mouse IgG anti-DNP-hemocyanin antibody was also isolated using the same immunoadsorbent.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChatGPT effects on cognitive skills of undergraduate students: Receiving instant responses from AI-based conversational large language models (LLMs)

This study investigated the impact of using ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art generative AI-based model, on the critical, creative, and reflective thinking skills of university students in Ghana. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach, incorporating quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments, and an experimental procedure with a pretest-posttest control group. The study ultimately enlisted a sample of 125 students randomly allocated to either the experiment group (60 students) or the control group (65 students). The research was conducted in the context of a Research Methodology course, which had adopted the flipped classroom approach. The students in the experiment group engaged with ChatGPT for in-class tasks, while those in the control group used traditional databases and search engines for similar tasks. Data were collected using the Critical Thinking Scale, Creative Thinking Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale, and a student interview guide (semi-structured). The study's findings illustrated that incorporating ChatGPT influenced the students' critical, reflective, and creative thinking skills and their dimensions discernibly. As a result, the study provides suggestions for academics, instructional designers, and researchers working in educational technology.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Subfield: Health Informatics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Helium Droplets: Unique Nanoreactors for the Investigation of Molecular Dopants

Both pulsed and continuous sources of helium nanodroplets were employed for the investigation of molecular dopants. The doped helium droplets were investigated with the use of a range of techniques including electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, electronic spectroscopy and infrared (vibrational) spectroscopy.\nElectron impact mass spectrometry was used to investigate the influence of droplet size ( = 4000 - 80 000 helium atoms) and dopant species on the formation of helium cluster cations. The abundance of larger helium cluster cations, produced from pure helium droplets, was found to increase with droplet size until an asymptotic limit was reached for = 50 000 helium atoms. The effect of a dopant species was shown to alter the He[subscript n][superscript +]/ He[subscript 2][superscript +] (n ≥ 3) signal ratio for smaller droplet sizes and was attributed to the potential energy gradient created by the cation-dopant interaction, and its potential to draw the positive charge towards the centre of the droplet. Core-shell particles, consisting of a water core and a co-dopant outer shell, were produced using a sequential pickup technique and were analysed with electron impact ionization. Of the co-dopants used O[subscript 2], N[subscript 2], C[subscript 6]D[subscript 6] and CO[subscript 2] were found to provide a softening effect on the ionization of the water clusters, whilst CO and NO increased the fragmentation of some water cluster sizes. Results from ab initio calculations of [X(H[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2]][superscript +] cluster ions, where X = CO, N[subscript 2], Ar and CO[subscript 2], support the experimental results.\nA new method for recording electronic spectra of species that reside in long-lived metastable states inside the helium droplets was demonstrated using the electronic excitation of toluene into its S[subscript 1] state as an example. In another spectroscopic study, infrared depletion spectroscopy was used to record vibrational spectra of water-methane clusters. From a comparison of predicted vibrational frequencies from ab initio calculations with the experimental spectra, possible structures for the CH[subscript 4](H[subscript 2]O)[subscript n], for n = 1-3, were identified.

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
I-intention and we-intention to contribute to WikiProjects

The fast advances in social computing technologies have greatly changed the ways in which people work and collaborate. One prominent example of this ongoing trend is the rapid growth of wiki-based communities in the past few years. The development and popularity of online encyclopedia greatly relies on the wisdom of crowds, allowing the content to be contributed and accessed by anyone at any time around the world. However, the success of wiki, on the other hand, largely depends on the extent to which people are willing to donate their time and energy, thus helping the community to grow and prosper. In this sense, how to recruit a core group of contributors to produce excellent articles systematically and how to encourage team collaboration for encyclopedic work thus are some fundamental questions for wiki managers. One of the distinguishing features of wiki community is its emphasis on the collective involvement in the creation and maintenance of frequently updated information. The traditional intention-based models primarily investigated this phenomenon using individual intention approach in terms of an individual’s own decision to contribute or not. However, in the context of WikiProjects, the interdependence involved in the joint decision-making process seems to be more important for explaining the decision to contribute. The motivation of this study thus is to better understand the causal factors that predict contributors’ I-intention and we-intention in WikiProjects. This study also investigates the possible different impacts of I-intention and we-intention on actual knowledge contribution behavior in WikiProjects. The research framework incorporates the key constructs from social cognitive theory and

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Designing a Level Playing Field: The Design Politics of the Baby Box in Scotland

This article explores the design politics of Scotland’s baby box. Based on a similar government initiative from Finland, the baby box is essentially a large illustrated cardboard box containing around forty items for a baby and a new mother. Since 2017 every child born in Scotland has been entitled to receive a free baby box from the Scottish Government and the box allegedly uses ‘the power of design’ to give every child an equal start in life. By examining the design decisions that underpin the baby box, this article seeks to provide a more nuanced picture of the political uses of design, and to reflect on the changing role, responsibilities and meaning of government when expressed through both design policy and design artefact.

Topic: Cultural Industries and Urban Development
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>A Telephone for the World: Iridium, Motorola, and the Making of a Global Age. ByMartin Collins</i>.(Baltimore,MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. Pp. vii, 265. $44.95.)

The fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, heralded the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the end of the Cold War. Coincidentally, that same day Motorola chairman Robert Galvin authorized a tech...

Topic: History of Science and Medicine
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs: implication for livestock-association markers and vaccine strategies

Dan Guo, Yangqun Liu, Changlin Han, Zhiyao Chen, Xiaohua Ye Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China Background: Routine non-therapeutic antimicrobial use and overcrowding in animal farming may facilitate the propagation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to examine the carriage prevalence and phenotype&amp;amp;ndash;genotype characteristics of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolated from pigs. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 1,458 pigs in 9 pig farms and 3 slaughterhouses. All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, and virulence genes, and characterized by multilocus sequence typing. The correspondence analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between multiple phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates. Results: In the 1,458 pigs, the carriage prevalence was 9.5% for S. aureus, 3.3% for MRSA, and 9.3% for multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Notably, 97.1% S. aureus isolates were multidrug resistant, and the predominant resistance pattern was non-susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The predominant genotype was CC9 (ST9) for S. aureus and MRSA isolates. Importantly, all S. aureus isolates were negative for the scn gene and resistant to tetracycline. Notably, all 9 linezolid-resistant isolates were classified as multidrug resistance, including 1 expressing the cfr gene and 6 expressing the optrA gene. The correspondence analysis showed a significant relationship between clonal complexes and resistance pattern or virulence genes. For example, CC9 was associated with extensive drug-resistance and co-carrying chp, sak, and hlb, and CC1 was associated with multidrug resistance and co-carrying sak and hlb. Conclusion: The significant correspondence relationship between multiple characteristics provides some implication for vaccine strategies and new ideas for monitoring new epidemiologic clones. Keywords: livestock, animals, Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial susceptibility, multidrug resistance, molecular characterization

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A study of the wave dynamics of the space–time fractional nonlinear evolution equations of beta derivative using the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function approach

Abstract The space–time fractional nonlinear Klein-Gordon and modified regularized long-wave equations explain the dynamics of spinless ions and relativistic electrons in atom theory, long-wave dynamics in the ocean, like tsunamis and tidal waves, shallow water waves in coastal sea areas, and also modeling several nonlinear optical phenomena. In this study, the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function method has been used to generate some new and more universal closed-form traveling wave solutions of those equations in the sense of beta-derivative. Using the fractional complex wave transformation, the equations are converted into nonlinear differential equations. The achieved outcomes are further inclusive of successfully dealing with the aforementioned models. Some projecting solitons waveforms, including, kink, singular soliton, bell shape, anti-bell shape, and other types of solutions are displayed through a three-dimensional plotline, a plot of contour, and a 2D plot for definite parametric values. It is significant to note that all obtained solutions are verified as accurate by substituting the original equation in each case using the computational software, Maple. Additionally, the results have been compared with other existing results in the literature to show their uniqueness. The proposed technique is effective, computationally attractive, and trustworthy to establish more generalized wave solutions.

Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences