jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES DESIGNED FOR THE ENERGY DISSIPATION OPTIMIZATION

The work herein presented has the main purpose to show a practical application of a proper design procedure able to dimension Eccentrically Braced Frames with Inverted Yscheme equipped with removable dissipative devices substituting the link member.Column bases are conceived with pin-jointed base connections in order to assure that the global mechanism is achieved only when link members results activated in plastic range.The control of devices activation and the optimization of energy dissipation capacity is obtained by applying a rigorous design procedure assuring that only the dissipative zones are involved in plastic range while non dissipative ones remain in elastic range.Dissipative devices are designed in order to bear the whole storey seismic shear without a strength and stiffness degradation.In addition, being the link members substituted by dissipative devices, column bases pin jointed and column sections designed in order to remain in elastic range by a properly design procedure, the structure can be considered as free from damage.In fact after a destructive seismic event all the damaged devices can be replaced by new ones.The accuracy of the design approach has been investigated by means push-over and non-linear dynamic analyses by applying a properly chosen set of earthquake ground motions.

Topic: Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TECHNIQUE OF EXPOSURE OF THE SPINAL CORD AND CANAL; OSTEOPLASTIC RESECTION AND LAMINECTOMY

Surgeon to Manhattan State Hospital, New York; Assistant Instructor in Operative Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York; Instructor In Surgery, New York Post-Graduate Medical School.

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Innovative factors and conditions of sustainable development of rural territories

This article considers the main features of&#13;\nsustainable development of rural territories,&#13;\nidentifies the factors of innovative entrepreneurship,&#13;\nand assesses their influence on the&#13;\ncondition of rural economy. Special attention&#13;\nis paid to the analysis of concepts, programmes,&#13;\nand projects in the field of rural territory&#13;\ndevelopment. The authors summarise&#13;\nconceptual and strategic approaches and actions&#13;\nof the Baltic region states in the field of&#13;\nsustainable development of rural territories.&#13;\nThe article identifies objectives, common for&#13;\nthe Baltic region, relating to sustainability of&#13;\nrural territories, including sustainable use of&#13;\nnatural resource potential, diversification of&#13;\nproduction through support for non-agricultural&#13;\nactivities and employment, application of&#13;\ninnovations and efficient technologies, and&#13;\nmanufacturing of environmentally friendly&#13;\nproducts. The analysis of the development of&#13;\nagricultural and innovations in the Baltic Sea&#13;\nregions serves as a basis for identifying the&#13;\nfactors and conditions of supporting innovative&#13;\nentrepreneurship. Of special importance&#13;\nare the research, technological, and innovative&#13;\npotential of the territory, the availability&#13;\nof adequate innovative infrastructure, and the&#13;\nformation of innovative culture. The authors&#13;\ncorroborate the idea of innovative entrepreneurship&#13;\ndevelopment in rural territories&#13;\nthrough the transformation of organisational&#13;\nand economic mechanism of management relating&#13;\nto the creation of institutional, infrastructure,&#13;\nand spatial conditions. Research&#13;\nand technological cooperation in the Baltic&#13;\nregion is emphasised as a priority area.

Topic: Economic and Business Development Strategies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Resistance of sugarcane cultivars to Mahanarva fimbriolata

ABSTRACT The spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is one of the most important pest of sugarcane in Brazil. Population control measures are currently restricted to the use of chemical insecticides and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, in part because very little information exists regarding the resistance of sugarcane cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance mechanisms of 18 sugarcane cultivars to M. fimbriolata to provide information for growers hoping to manage this pest. Isolated buds of each cultivar were planted in pots and maintained in a greenhouse for approximately three months. The pots were then moved to climate-controlled chambers (26 ± 1 ºC; 70 ± 10% RH; 12 h photoperiod) to carry out laboratory tests to evaluate adult feeding and female oviposition preferences (using both free-choice and no-choice tests) as well as the effects of the cultivars on nymph development and the cultivars tolerance to the pest attack. The least attractive cultivar for adult feeding and oviposition in free-choice test was RB867515, which was also one of those that received the fewest eggs in the no-choice oviposition tests. Cultivar CTC9 showed the highest level of antibiosis resistance, with a root nymph survival rate of 52.5%. Finally, cultivar RB966928 was the most tolerant to M. fimbriolata, but it showed 19% reduction in aboveground biomass weight due to the pest.

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
X‐ray diffraction evidence for the presence of β(AgHg) in dental amalgam

Abstract Samples of (Ag + Hg) amalgam and of dental amalgam have been prepared and stored at temperatures of 23, 37.5, and 60°C for various lengths of time up to 10 years. X‐ray diffraction and optical microscopy have been employed to determine the approximate increase in the β(AgHg) phase as a result of the γ → β transition in the AgHg system. Data are presented to show that the transition occurs in both systems but much less rapidly in dental amalgam. Increases in storage temperature increase the rate of the transition in both systems.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The surname structure of Trentino (Italy) and its relationship with dialects and genes

Thanks to the availability of rich surname, linguistic and genetic information, together with its geographic and cultural complexity, Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) is an ideal place to test the relationships between genetic and cultural traits. We provide a comprehensive study of population structures based on surname and dialect variability and evaluate their relationships with genetic diversity in Trentino. Surname data were collected for 363 parishes, linguistic data for 57 dialects and genetic data for different sets of molecular markers (Y-chromosome, mtDNA, autosomal) in 10 populations. Analyses relied on different multivariate methods and correlation tests. Besides the expected isolation-by-distance-like patterns (with few local exceptions, likely related to sociocultural instances), we detected a significant and geography-independent association between dialects and surnames. As for molecular markers, only Y-chromosomal STRs seem to be associated with the dialects, although no significant result was obtained. No evidence for correlation between molecular markers and surnames was observed. Surnames act as cultural markers as do other words, although in this context they cannot be used as reliable proxies for genetic variability at a local scale.

Topic: Linguistic Studies and Language Acquisition
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

Abstract Urea (U), sodium hypochlorite (H) and sodium chloride (S) alone or combined were applied upon high‐fibre forages ( HFF ) in three experiments. Experiment (Exp) I: tall wheatgrass ( TW ), weeping lovegrass ( WL ), deferred sorghum ( DS ) and barley straw ( BS ) as substrates were untreated (U0) or treated with 4 g 100 g −1 DM (U4), and stored for 45 days. Within each forage, CP and IVDMD were increased by U4 ( p &lt; 0.01). Exp II : TW was treated with U and H: U (as in Exp I) and H (at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g active Cl 100 g −1 DM), alone or combined. The interaction U*H was significant for ADF , ADL and CP . For U4+H0.25 ADF and ADL decreased ( p &lt; 0.01). For U0, ADL was reduced from H.025 through H1.00 ( p &lt; 0.05). U4 increased IVDMD and CP ( p &lt; 0.01). Exp III : oat straw (O) was treated with U0 and U4, H0 and H1, S0 and S4 (4 g S 100 g −1 DM), including all combinations at 3 storage times (T = 10, 20 and 30 days). Interactions U*S*H*T for ADL , U*H*T for NDF and CP and S*H*T for IVDMD ( p &lt; 0.05) were found. ADF was reduced by U4, H1 and S1 ( p &lt; 0.01). The greatest decrease (4.5%) was with U4. Principal components analysis showed U4S4H1 highly related to IVDMD for all T. All treatments had little or no impact on NDF , ADF and ADL content. Lower quality forages had greatest improvements in digestibility and N‐retention.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress and seasons on diurnal body temperature, milk yield, and physicochemical properties of dromedary camel in southeastern rangelands Ethiopia. Twenty lactating camels with 2–3 months postmortem and 3–4 parities were selected for evaluation of milk yield, physicochemical properties, and body temperature measurements. The current finding shows diurnal body temperature was significantly higher in hot weather conditions (dry season). Temperature-humidity index (THImax) showed a strong positive correlation to rectal body temperatures (r = 0.72) and daily milk yield (r = 0.6) of a camel. The mean daily milk yield observed in this study was 6.02, 4.99, 2.38, and 2.57 Liters (L) during autumn, spring, summer, and winter, respectively, and showed higher (P < 0.001) milk yield in rainy season. Mean percentage of protein (3.1%), casein (1.9%), lactose (4.9%), solid-not-fat (SNF) (8.53%), and total solids (TS) (12.7%) was greater (P < 0.001) in wet season. Milk fat and energy-corrected milk (ECM) concentrations did not vary (p > 0.05) across the seasons. The body temperature, milk physicochemical properties, and yield of dromedary camels were varied (p < 0.001) with local weather conditions and seasons. However, further investigation based on animal trials at on-station is needed in order to confirm the on-farm camel milk yield and physicochemical quality observed in this study.

Topic: Animal Diversity and Health Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD nb1pwr_PortThrough #148629.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 1 (BL1). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL1.

Topic: Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Aspha-Min® Zeolite for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt

Several new processes have been developed to reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures of hot mix asphalt without sacrificing the quality of the resulting pavement. One of these processes utilizes the Aspha-min® zeolite, a crystalline hydrated aluminum silicate. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the applicability of Aspha-min® to typical paving operations and environmental conditions commonly found in the United States, including the performance of the mixes in quick traffic turn-over situations and high temperature conditions. Aspha-min® was shown to improve the compactability of mixtures in both the SGC and vibratory compactor. Statistics indicated an average reduction in air voids of 0.65%. Improved compaction was noted at temperatures as low as 190°F. he addition of zeolite does not affect the resilient modulus of an asphalt mix. The addition of zeolite does not increase the rutting potential of an asphalt mix as measured by the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer. The rutting potential did increase with decreasing mixing and compaction temperatures, which may be related to the decreased aging of the binder. There was no evidence of differing strength gain with time for the mixes containing zeolite as compared to the control mixes. There is no indication that HMA containing Aspha-min® requires a cure period prior to opening to traffic. The lower compaction temperature used when producing warm asphalt with Aspha-min® may increase the potential for moisture damage as indicated by tensile strength ratio (TSR) and Hamburg tests. However, the addition of hydrated lime mitigated this effect. A demonstration project was constructed using Aspha-min® zeolite in Orlando, Florida. The warm mix production and compaction temperatures were 35°F less than those used for the control (approximately 300 °F compaction temperature). The laboratory test results on the field mix coincide with the laboratory study. Cores taken one year after placement indicated no increased evidence of moisture damage as compared to the control mix. Overall, Aspha-min® zeolite appears to be a viable tool for reducing mixing and compaction temperatures that can be readily added to hot mix asphalt. Reductions in mixing and compaction temperatures are expected to reduce fuel costs and emissions.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mass spectrometric studies at high temperatures. Part 35.—Stabilities of gaseous GeCl<sub>2</sub>and GeBr<sub>2</sub>

Mass spectrometric studies of the equilibrium vapour species for the systems, Ge(s)+ GeCl4(g) and Ge(s)+ GeBr4(g), have been conducted using a gas-inlet Knudsen cell. The disproportionation reactions, Ge(s)+ GeCl4(g)= 2GeCl2(g)(I) and Ge(s)+ GeBr4(g)= 2GeBr2(g)(II) were the only equilibria involved; no polymeric species were observed.

Topic: Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Frost Heaving of Artificially Frozen Soil

The impact of the cold-side temperature and moisture to frost heave were obtained by studying frost heaving test in open system. Frost heave ratio increased linearly with the decrease of cold-side temperature and moisture. Frost heave force increased with the decrease of cold-side temperature and increase of moisture. In addition, the soil physical properties variation laws was gained during freezing in the test, like moisture and dry density. By analysising the test data of frost heave ratio and frost heave force, the relationship between frost heave ratio and frost heave force were acquired. The results had important practical value and theoretical significance to the freezing shaft sinking and artificially freezing techniques applied in urban underground engineering.

Topic: Civil and Geotechnical Engineering Research
Subfield: General Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparisons of Cities

A brief reprise of the geological aspects, organization, physical constraints, and appearance of each city will remind us of their common and unique features. Then we can compare them by groups linked by research questions. Agrigento is built on two ridges of 120 and 320–390 m, setting generous limits not yet filled by the modern city. A plain extends from the lower ridge south to the sea. Vistas were provided along contours and across elevations. Grouping the public buildings on stony ridges, with temples above and below and government structures along the west side, made economic and aesthetic sense. Landslides provide important clues to the nature of the hill the city is built on, and they correlate with occupation of various parts of the site. Additionally, the water system shows unexpected correlation with the families of discontinuities in the stone rather than the surface grid of the streets (Ercoli and Crouch 1998; Crouch 1989). Morgantina stretches along a ridge about 600 m in elevation. The agora most clearly reveals the interface of urban design and geology. Sanctuaries and fountains were the focus during the fifth century B. C. E. In the third century, modest but elegant new architecture (theater, great steps, flanking stoas, fountains, sanctuary) combined with pragmatic engineering as framework and connector between points of observation. Morgantina had one aqueduct, from the springs that later supplied Aidone. The site has numerous springs although some are now dry or give less than 1 l/s. Yet, during the third century B. C. E. when the population was at its maximum, the aquifer was also at maximum, and higher springs were fed from it more amply than at present. Improper management of water resources likely hastened the demise of the town after the Roman conquest. At the turn of the era, the shift from small rural towns to great landed estates as centers of population affected Morgantina strongly. Deforestation of the hills and mountains for fuel and building materials could have resulted in desiccation, with climate change a related factor. Occupation by the Hispanii (Spanish veterans) who replaced the Hellenized Sicilians after 211 B. C. E. coincided with a negative water balance.

Topic: Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Why You Should Spend More Time Thinking About Robomow

There's two common models of automated garden mowers. A single appears to be basically identical to a back garden mower with no deal with. You make use of a remote control to travel it in into the lawn and it may operate for about 2 hrs, chopping the garden to fit your needs While you just examine. The greater Innovative robotic mower recharges in an incredibly recharging "station" and senses inside the event the Expense is locating minimal. It could return alone on your charging station to recharge. There are many strengths within the robot mower that should be identified, thinking about The point that in a few methods, the system can conduct an improved job than man. By way of case in point, most automated yard mowers can sensation rocks, sticks and particles and will promptly go all-around them. Also, a great deal of robotic mowers involve youngster lock protections and bumpers.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An<i>ab initio</i>study of manganese atoms and wires interacting with carbon nanotubes

A systematic study of Mn monomers, dimers, trimers, and wires interacting with an (8, 0) semiconductor single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCN) is presented. Spin-polarized total-energy ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory are used to describe the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of all studied systems. For Mn monomers, either outside or inside the nanotube, the most stable configuration is found to be over the centre of the hexagonal site. The most stable geometry for outside dimers presents the Mn atoms adsorbed directly on top of C atoms, when in a high-spin configuration, whereas for a low-spin configuration the Mn atoms are adsorbed on bond-centred sites at opposite sides of a hexagonal ring, with the Mn–Mn bond aligned in a diagonal direction relative to the tube axis in both cases. There are many low energy configurations (at above the lowest energy ones) at distinct orientations, for both the low and high energy configurations. For trimers, two kinds of Mn structures are investigated: compact or open. The compact trimers are found to be more stable than the open systems by approximately 1 eV/Mn atom. A monoatomic wire in a zig-zag configuration has a binding energy that is intermediate between the open and the compact trimers, independently of the spin configuration. For all the investigated Mn structures adsorbed on the SWCN, either high-spin (HS) or low-spin (LS), the interactions between Mn atoms and between Mn and C atoms become stronger as the Mn coordination number increases. The resulting magnetic moments for all adsorbed systems are found to be close to their original values for the corresponding free Mn structures.

Topic: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Successful Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome by Percutaneous Embolisation of Left Ovarian Vein

Summary Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a frequently undiagnosed pathology, affecting mainly young women. According to literature, about one third of all women have this condition. The main symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, varicose pelvic veins, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. The etiology of PCS is associated with valvular insufficiency in ovarian and pelvic veins. There are four main diagnostic methods: duplex ultrasound evaluation, computed tomography, magnetic resonance angiography including venous phase investigation and digital subtraction angiography. Nowadays percutaneous transcatheter embolization is an effective and safe treatment for ovarian vein reflux and thus PCS. In order to emphasize the need and possibilities to diagnose and treat PCS appropriately, here we present a well-documented case of PCS that was successfully cured by percutaneous transcatheter embolization.

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New media: invective language transformation of global communication

The article is devoted to studying new media.In the article, methods and techniques of invective language transformation of global communication are considered.This article discusses verbal features of the invective language in the modern media discourse.In work, psychological and linguistic approaches to the analysis of an obscene vocabulary are described.Obscene lexicon is considered as the emotional grammar of the speech.Authors use the following research methods: general scientific conceptual modeling, descriptive (observation, interpretation and generalization) and comparative method, functional and semantic analysis, contextual analysis, elements of discourse and component analysis.It is established that obscene lexicon is used not only as means of speech aggression, but also as means of optimization of interpersonal interaction in situations of frictionless communication where it can express negative and positive emotions and estimates.

Topic: Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences