jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Analysis on the Operation Productivity and Initial Growth of Containerized Seedlings Planted by the Lightweight Planting Auger

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

Topic: Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Redesign of unit delivery. An opportunity for collaborative research to improve the student experience

The University of Tasmania has 12 years experience of using a learning management system as part of its learning environment. With some 2000 units utilising the Blackboard-based system in 2012 there is much we can learn from this background in rethinking learning delivery to capitalise on affordances of the new MyLO (Desire2Learn) system rolling out at UTAS. Researching student and staff experiences is aiming to:h inform delivery choices to improve the student experience;h encourage opportunities for the scholarship in teaching and learning in discipline areas by demonstrating possibilities for innovation, research and publication; and henceh demonstrate development in teaching performance.In this presentation a current study is outlined. Project Management for Health Professionals, a postgraduate unit available for health practitioners across the Faculty of Health Science, involves significant collaborative group work. Participants across Australia are all studying online at a distance and have varied appreciation of collaborative tasks and peer feedback. Through numerous eActivities, students present their project idea to fellow students in small online tutorial groups; collectively brainstorm; and critique fellow student&amp;#8223;s assessable work. The group work and brainstorming form an integral part of the assessment process.Evaluation of the unit indicates these learning strategies enhance student capabilities yet a student understanding of this group work is largely unknown and not formally assessed. Evaluation of the student experience is underway, expecting to inform the best way of translating collaborative group work into the new MyLO setting. Some suggestions are made for matching online methods to satisfy expected outcomes.

Topic: Higher Education Learning Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Analytical Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Flow Model

A closed form solution for the flow of resin in the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process is used extensively for affordable manufacturing of large composite structures. During VARTM processing, a highly permeable distribution medium is incorporated into the preform as a surface layer. During infusion, the resin flows preferentially across the surface, simultaneously through the preform, to a complex flow front. The analytical solution presented here provides insight into the scaling laws governing fill times and resin inlet placement as a function of the properties of the preform, distribution media, and resin. The formulation assumes that the flow is fully developed and is divided into two areas: (1) a saturated region with no cross flow, and (2) a flow front region, which moves with a uniform velocity, where the resin is infiltrating into the preform from the distribution medium. The law of conservation of mass and Darcy's Law for flow through porous media are applied in each region. The resulting equations are nondimensionalized and are solved to yield the flow front shape and the development of the saturated region. It is found that the flow front is parabolic in shape, and the length of the saturated region is proportional to the square root of the time elapsed. The obtained results are compared to data from fill-scale simulation and show good agreement. The solution allows greater insight into the physics process, enables parametric and optimization studies, and can reduce the computational cost of full-scale, three-dimensional (3-D) simulations.

Topic: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vitamin D and Platelets: A Menacing Duo in COVID-19 and Potential Relation to Bone Remodeling

Global data correlate severe vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, further suggesting the presence of a hypercoagulable state in severe COVID-19 patients, which could promote thrombosis in the lungs and in other organs. The feedback loop between COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and vitamin D also involves platelets (PLTs), since vitamin D deficiency stimulates PLT activation and aggregation and increases fibrinolysis and thrombosis. Vitamin D and PLTs share and play specific roles not only in coagulation and thrombosis but also during inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune response. Additionally, another ‘fil rouge’ between vitamin D and PLTs is represented by their role in mineral metabolism and bone health, since vitamin D deficiency, low PLT count, and altered PLT-related parameters are linked to abnormal bone remodeling in certain pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis (OP). Hence, it is possible to speculate that severe COVID-19 patients are characterized by the presence of several predisposing factors to bone fragility and OP that may be monitored to avoid potential complications. Here, we hypothesize different pervasive actions of vitamin D and PLT association in COVID-19, also allowing for potential preliminary information on bone health status during COVID-19 infection.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Education and Learning in Studies of Nationalism: Anderson and Weber in Focus

ABSTRACT Scholars of nationalism have pointed to the importance of educational institutions for the dissemination of national identities and associated sentimental attachments, yet how nationalism is learned within these educational institutions has received little attention. This article takes as its focus two foundational texts on nationalism, Benedict Anderson's (1983) Imagined Communities and Eugen Weber's (1976) Peasants into Frenchmen, in order to identify how education and learning were situated within these respective works. This article argues that assumptions of learner passivity, environmental determinism and knowledge transfer underpinned Weber's and Anderson's respective conceptualisations of learning, and the argument points to the implications of conceptualisations of learning for studies into the role of educational institutions for the dissemination of nationalism.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The <i>Arabidopsis ATK1</i> gene is required for spindle morphogenesis in male meiosis

The spindle plays a central role in chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In particular, various kinesins are thought to play crucial roles in spindle structure and function in both mitosis and meiosis of fungi and animals. A group of putative kinesins has been previously identified in Arabidopsis, called ATK1-ATK4 (previously known as KATA-KATD), but their in vivo functions have not been tested with genetic studies. We report here the isolation and characterization of a mutant, atk1-1, which has a defective ATK1 gene. The atk1-1 mutant was identified in a collection of Ds transposon insertion lines by its reduced fertility. Reciprocal crosses between the atk1-1 mutant and wild type showed that only male fertility was reduced, not female fertility. Molecular analyses, including revertant studies, indicated that the Ds insertion in the ATK1 gene was responsible for the fertility defect. Light microscopy revealed that, in the atk1-1 mutant, male meiosis was defective, producing an abnormal number of microspores of variable sizes. Further cytological studies indicated that meiotic chromosome segregation and spindle organization were both abnormal in the mutant. Specifically, the atk1-1 mutant male meiotic cells had spindles that were broad, unfocused and multi-axial at the poles at metaphase I, unlike the typical fusiform bipolar spindle found in the wild-type metaphase I cells. Therefore, the ATK1 gene plays a crucial role in spindle morphogenesis in male Arabidopsis meiosis.

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamic susceptibility of skyrmion clusters in Co/Pt nanodots

We study the dynamic susceptibility of skyrmion clusters in Co/Pt nanodots using micromagnetic simulations. For this, we investigate the dynamic response of the skyrmions to a small magnetic field pulse applied parallel to the dot axis. Skyrmions exhibit a main resonance peak associated with the skyrmions' breathing mode, which is closely linked to the average radius of the skyrmions. Furthermore, we find that non-trivial secondary modes appear when the cluster size increases. These results can be used as a detection and characterization mechanism for skyrmion lattices in confined systems.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proposal of a Design Principle of Multilayer Media

We propose a design principle of stacking-type super-multilayer media in this paper. By the use of an original high-transmittance and high-recording-sensitivity recording material, bismuth–germanium–oxide, the recording layers of a 10-layer super-multilayer disc can be designed using only two types of recording layer. This leads the conventional super-multilayer media structure to a much simpler structure with only two thicknesses of spacer layers while maintaining a satisfactory signal quality on the farthest layer from the incident laser beam, where signal fluctuation due to coherent crosstalk is the strongest. The above design principle will greatly contribute to the reduction of the cost of super-multilayer media.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Entrainment of the Circadian Activity Rhythm to the Light-Dark Cycle Can Be Altered by a

Abstract The circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in hamsters maintained in either constant darkness or constant light can be phase-shifted by a single injection of the short-acting benzo-diazepine, triazolam. These results suggest that treatment with triazolam may also alter the entrainment pattern of circadian rhythms in animals that are synchronized to a light-dark (LD) cycle. To test this hypothesis, hamsters maintained on an LD 6:18 light cycle received daily injections of triazolam (or vehicle) for 10-12 days, and any subsequent effects on the phase relationship between the onset of activity and the LD cycle were determined. Daily injections of triazolam (but not vehicle) induced pronounced advances or delays in the phase relationship between the entrained activity rhythm and the LD cycle; the direction of the shift was dependent on the time of the injection. Taken together with data from previous studies, these results suggest that triazolam, and perhaps other short-acting benzodiazepines, can be used to manip-ulate the mammalian circadian clock under a variety of experimental conditions. A single injection of the short-acting benzodiazepine triazolam can induce dose-dependent phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in hamsters maintained under conditions of constant darkness (DD) or constant light (LL) (Turek

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The implementation approach of implicit education in ideological and political education

Implicit education is an important direction of Ideological and political education reform and development, which helps to rectify the tendency of fossilization in ideological and political education o, improves the effectiveness of Ideological and political education.To meet th new requirements of ideological and political education in present situation, we must actively explore new ways and create a new situation ein ideological and political education.Compare to dominant education which is based on the course of Ideological and political theory , implicit education has unique features and advantages, which has great significance for full play of Ideological and political theory course and its reform.

Topic: Ideological and Political Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Journalism, the pressures of verification and notions of post-truth in civil society

‘Post-truth’ was not a new concept when it was selected as the international word of the year (2016) by Oxford Dictionaries. In the context of communications research, scholars were discussing journalism in the ‘post-factual’ age some thirty years ago (Ettema 1987). In the digital era, journalistic practice itself has changed; stories are generated by a multiplicity of actors in a participative and interactive way. This paper contemplates the nature of journalists’ information practices in the 21st century and relates these to the roles of information and social media in civil society. The methodology draws on the findings of pilot research studies investigating journalists’ information practices in the digital realm (Martin 2014; 2015) and investigates the pressures of verification. The author posits that that we are ostensibly living in a ‘post-truth’ society largely due to the impact of changes in the news milieu in the digital age. With so many diverse voices in the mix, it is increasingly difficult for citizens to separate fact from fiction; journalists thus have a role as verifiers. It is crucial for information consumers (citizenry) to have the requisite skills and knowledge to critically evaluate media content and deal with information and communication overload.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Smoothness of Hill's potential and lengths of spectral gaps

Let ${γ_q(n)}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ be the lengths of spectral gaps in a continuous spectrum of the Hill-Schrödinger operators S(q)u=-u''+q(x)u,\quad x\in \mathbb{R}, with 1-periodic real-valued potentials $q \in L^{2}(\mathbb{T})$. Let weight function $ω:\;[1,\infty)\to (0,\infty)$. We prove that under the condition \exists s\in [0,\infty):\quad k^{s}\llω(k)\ll k^{s+1},\; k\in \mathbb{N}, the map $γ:\, q \mapsto \{γ_{q}(n)}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ satisfies the equalities: \verb"i")\quad γ(H^ω) = h_{+}^ω, \verb"ii")\quad γ^{-1}(h_{+}^ω) = H^ω, where the real function space H^ω &amp; ={f=\sum_{k\in \mathbb{Z}}\hat{f}\,(k)e^{i k2πx}\in L^{2}(\mathbb{T})| \sum_{k\in \mathbb{N}} ω^{2}(k)|\hat{f}(k)|^{2}1,c&gt;1:\qquad c^{-1}\leq \frac{ω(λt)}{ω(t)}\leq c\quad\forall t\geq 1,\;λ\in [1,a] then the function class $H^ω$ is a real Hörmander space $H_{2}^ω(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{R})$ with the weight $ω(\sqrt{1+ξ^{2}})$.

Topic: Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kidney Cell–Adapted Infectious Bronchitis ArkDPI Vaccine is Stable and Protective

We previously demonstrated that adaptation of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva Poultry Industry (DPI)-derived vaccine to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells (CEKp7) shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in spike (S) and nonstructural protein genes. Moreover, the typical Ark vaccine subpopulations emerging in chickens vaccinated with commercial Ark vaccines were not detected in chickens vaccinated with CEKp7, indicating that kidney-cell adaptation drastically increased the stability of the vaccine virus population in chickens. In the current study both conventional and next-generation sequencing results show that the changes achieved during CEK adaptation remained after five back passages in embryonated chicken egg (ECE). In a first protection study 1-day-old chickens were vaccinated with 10<sup>4.0</sup> or 10<sup>5.0</sup> 50% embryo infectious doses (EID<sub>50</sub>)/chicken of the second ECE back passage of CEKp7 (CEKp7e2) and demonstrated protection against Ark virulent (10<sup>6.0</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>) challenge. In a second protection trial, protection by CEKp7e2 was compared with protection conferred by an attenuated commercial ArkDPI-derived vaccine different from that which the CEK-adapted virus originated. All vaccinated chicken groups showed a significant reduction of respiratory signs and viral load after Ark virulent challenge compared to unvaccinated-challenged controls. In CEKp7e2 vaccinated chickens viral subpopulations different from the challenge virus were detected after challenge in a marginal number (7%-8%) of chickens. In contrast, IBV S1 sequences that differed from the predominant population in the challenge virus were detected after challenge in a large number (77%) of chickens vaccinated with the commercial Ark attenuated vaccine. The CEK-adapted IBV ArkDPI-derived vaccine is a stable and effective vaccine, which drastically reduces the emergence of Ark-like viruses both at vaccination and after challenge.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New Faces of Validity of Educational Tests

Validity is no longer applicable only to the psychometric community. Today the school community, the courts, the news media, government, and special interests have at least an equal hand in the matter. The paper updates the concept of test validity to match the current educational scene. The new conception entails a set of 10 categories yoked together in pairs: curriculum and instructional validity, statutory and forensic validity, media and journalistic validity, political and legislative validity, and partisan and activist validity.

Topic: Student Assessment and Feedback
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Religious and Counseling Discourses in Clinical Practice

The study expands the authors' previous findings to examine counseling and religious discourses more closely. Three themes were identified: value of Catholic Christian faith for life and counseling; autonomy and obedience; and healing, renewal, and the call to serve. Interview transcripts were reviewed through the lens of constructs from discourse analysis, including hegemony, analogization, and dialogism. Dialectics between the domains of counseling and religion were identified in the samples of discourses and their analyses. The results indicate the potential for integration of domains and strengthening of religious and counselor identities.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in the chemical stability of ion-implanted silica glass

Abstract Ion or electron irradiation of silica glass produces radiation damage which results in a compaction of the structure, an increase in refractive index and an enhancement of the chemical etch rate in HF. In the light of the present data and comparisons with other measurements it is concluded that the damage produced by electronic energy loss processes differs from that induced by atomic collision events suggesting that they operate by different mechanisms. The electronic energy loss controls the chemical etch rate whereas both the compaction and refractive index changes are influenced more efficiently by the atomic collision events.

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crack Growth Evaluation of Remnant Cracks Underneath an Excavate and Weld Repair

This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based approach to perform crack growth evaluation of remnant cracks in a mockup with a partial arc excavate and weld repair (EWR). The partial arc EWR is a mitigation option to address stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in nuclear power plant piping systems. The mockup is a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) consisting of an SA-508 Class 3 low alloy steel forging buttered with Alloy 182 welded to a Type 316L stainless steel plate with Alloy 82/182 weld metal. This material configuration represents a typical DMW of original construction in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). To create a representative partial arc EWR application, the outer half of the DMW is excavated and repaired with Alloy 52M weld metal. The crack growth evaluation process presented herein represents an advanced method to evaluate the Alloy 82/182 remnant crack growth as required by ASME Code Case N-847 for implementing a partial arc EWR, which is currently being considered via letter ballot at ASME BPV Standards Committee XI. After the repair, any crack that remains in the Alloy 82/182 remnant and underneath the EWR needs to be evaluated for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to assess its potential to grow beyond the EWR coverage area. Conventional fracture mechanics approach may not be suitable to evaluate such a remnant crack because of its close proximity to multiple materials of different mechanical properties and unconventional crack shape. In the crack growth evaluation, a crack that is reminiscent of a circumferential crack in a pipe, and a crack that is reminiscent of a laminar crack in a pipe are evaluated to predict the time for each of them to grow beyond the partial arc EWR coverage arc length. It is expected that the approach, analysis steps, calculation procedures presented in this paper will be applicable to analyzing a pipe geometry using realistic residual stresses and operating stresses for an EWR.

Topic: Fatigue and fracture mechanics
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences