jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mellow and Thick Taste of Pu−Erh Ripe Tea Based on Chemical Properties by Sensory−Directed Flavor Analysis

The mellow and thick taste is a unique characteristic of pu−erh ripe tea infusion, and it is closely related to the chemical composition of pu−erh ripe tea, which is less studied. This paper clarifies and compares the chemical composition of pu−erh ripe tea to that of the raw materials of sun−dried green tea, and uses membrane separation technology to separate pu−erh ripe tea into the rejection liquid and the filtration liquid. The results show that microorganisms transformed most physicochemical components, except caffeine, during the pile fermentation. It was found that total tea polyphenols, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, theabrownin, and galloylated catechins became enriched in the rejection liquid, and the rejection liquid showed a more obvious mellow and thick characteristic. Taste interactions between crude protein, crude polysaccharide, and theabrownin were determined. They illustrated that the mellow and thick taste of pu−erh ripe tea with the addition of theabrownin increased from 4.45 to 5.13. It is of great significance to explore the chemical basis of the mellow and thick taste in pu−erh tea for guiding the pu−erh tea production process and for improving the quality of pu−erh tea.

Topic: Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Studies on the Threshold Levels of Standard and High-Frequency Audiometry in the Subjects with Noise Induced Hearing Loss.

某事業所の騒音職場に従事する従業員の純音聴力検査の折り, 高周波領域 (8-18kHz) も同時に測定した。 特に4kHzにdipの認められる場合は障害の程度により高周波領域の聴力図のパターンに違いのある傾向が認められた。 即ち, 騒音によると思われる聴力障害でC5dipの障害が軽いときは, 高音域にもdipが2つ以上認められ, dip以外の周波数における域値の上昇は僅かであった。 C5dipが40-50dBの場合は高周波領域のdipは1つで, dip以外の周波数にも有意に域値の上昇を認めた。 C5dipがより高度に障害されていると, 高周波領域と同様に高度に障害されている傾向を示す結果を得た。 C5dipを認めない高音障害型の難聴の場合, 高周波領域もその延長線上にある如き障害のタイプを示した。 このような高周波聴力図は, 加齢による聴力障害のタイプと異なり, 騒音性難聴における聴力の経時的変化を示唆している様に思われる。

Topic: Noise Effects and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Medical treatment of digestive neuroendocrine tumours].

Surgery is the only therapy able to cure patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumor. However, due to the presence of diffuse metastases, radical surgery is often not feasible. In these cases, medical treatment plays a critical role, because of its ability to control symptoms in functioning tumors and to inhibit tumor growth. Different therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, hepatic artery chemoembolization and targeted radio-nuclide therapy can be used alone or combined to the biologic treatment with somatostatin analogues and interferon. However, an accurate staging by imaging procedures plus a histological, immunohistochemical and biomolecular examination must be performed before planning an optimal medical treatment.

Topic: Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Devising an automated technology to organize the railroad transportation of containers for intermodal deliveries based on the theory of point processes

A significant number of problems and associated additional expenses emerge for operators due to imperfections in the existing technology of operational planning of the functioning of railroad transport as a part of the intermodal transportation system. The source of problems is not only the process of transportation of containers by rail but also the processes that occur immediately before and after it. These processes are uncertain because of their probabilistic nature. Their random nature provokes additional idle time of rolling stock, causes additional operator expenses, and reduces the quality of customer service. However, the direct influence on them is very difficult or economically inexpedient.\n\nThe study shows that taking into account the probabilistic nature of these processes to reduce their negative impact is most effective precisely at the stage of operational planning of the functioning of railroad enterprises involved in the intermodal transportation process. One should note that it is necessary to take into account random factors of processes of formation and processing of container trains at stations, their movement along sections and transfer to a port simultaneously in order to improve the quality of such planning. However, the arrival of containers at terminal railroad stations requires special attention.\n\nIt has been proven that the key to the solution to the problem of synchronization of the processes is the formation of automated technology for the organization of the transportation of containers by railroad.\n\nWe have formalized the technological process of formation and movement of container trains to seaports in the form of a model of stochastic optimization using a mathematical apparatus from the theory of point processes for this purpose. The optimization criterion for this model represents the operating expenses of an operator for the organization of the railroad part of intermodal transportation. The stochastic nature of the model gives a possibility to find the optimal parameters of the operational plan for the organization of container transportation while controlling a level of certainty in the possibility of implementation of the plan taking into account the probabilistic nature of the constituent processes.\nBased on the developed model, software was created in the MATLAB programming environment and an automated technology for moving container trains was formed. The application of the proposed model in the formation of railroad container transportation technology could reduce operating expenses of a railroad part of intermodal container transportation by at least 10 %

Topic: Transport and Logistics Innovations
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transmission of 1-Gbit/s data patterns through smart pixels by use of picosecond laser pulses

We demonstrate the transmission of 1-Gbit/s data patterns through various GaAs/AlGaAs smart pixels by using free-space optics and trains of mode-locked picosecond laser pulses spaced 1 ns apart as optical inputs and outputs.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Change and Continuity Among Women State Legislators: Evidence from Thre e Decades.” Political Research Quarterly 50

Previous literature documents the steady increase in the number of women serving in state legislatures as well as the lingering differences in demographic characteristics and policy priorities between male and fe-male officeholders. Yet, this research does not address the question of evo-lutionary change among women state legislators themselves. Are women serving in contemporary state legislatures different from their female col-leagues of previous decades in the personal and political characteristics and legislative agendas they bring to office? To answer this question, we use data collected on all women state legis-lators serving in 15 states in 1972, 1982, and 1992 and a stratified random sample of male legislators serving in the same chambers during the same time periods. This two-stage analysis allows us first to focus on the chang-ing profile of women state legislators; and secondly, to consider whether these changes are unique to women or common to all state legislators. The analyses confirm the hypothesis that the profile of the &amp;quot;typical woman state legislator &amp;quot; has changed significantly in the last three decades. Women’s progress in gaining elected office at all levels of government has been rather slow over the last three decades. Women currently hold 22 percent of statewide elective executive offices, 19 percent of all local offices, and just under 11 percent of congressional seats. Yet nowhere have the gains made by women been more dramatic, or better documented, than in state legislatures. In 1970,

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Early Birds, Night Owls,and Tireless/Recurring Itinerants: An Exploratory Analysis of Extreme Transit Behaviors in Beijing, China

This paper seeks to understand extreme public transit riders in Beijing using both traditional household survey and emerging new data sources such as Smart Card Data (SCD). We focus on four types of extreme transit behaviors: public transit riders who (1) travel significantly earlier than average riders (the 'early birds'); (2) ride in unusual late hours (the 'night owls'); and (3) commute in excessively long distance (the 'tireless itinerants'); (4) travel over frequently in a day (the 'recurring itinerants). SCD are used to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of these three extreme transit behaviors. In addition, household survey data are employed to supplement the socioeconomic background and provide a tentative profiling of extreme travelers. While the research findings are useful to guide urban governance and planning in Beijing, the methods developed in this paper can be applied to understand travel patterns elsewhere.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
High-Resolution X-Ray Diffractometry Investigation of Interface Layers in GaN/AlN Structures Grown on Sapphire Substrates

GaInN is an important wide band gap material with applications in short wavelength optoelectronic devices. The GaInN layer is often grown on a sapphire substrate, with low-temperature-deposited AlN and thick GaN used as buffer layers. The growth regime consists of many steps, each of which contributes to the overall properties of the device. The aim of our high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments, conducted at the Photon Factory (Tsukuba, Japan), was to investigate the structural quality of the AlN buffer layer, which affects the final properties of the device. Reciprocal space mapping was used to study samples (having various layer thicknesses) from each stage of the growth process. Analysis of the experimental data provides parameters such as mosaic block dimensions and orientation, lattice strain distribution, and layer thickness.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) to Follow Up the Formation of Sigma Phase in Saf2205 (UNS S31803) Duplex Stainless Steel

Abstract Duplex stainless steels have a structure normally composed of austenite and ferrite in approximately equal proportions. In order to attain control of its fabrication processes and performance, it is important to understand its microstructural evolution, due to the formation of intermetallic phases such as sigma (σ) and chi (χ), which may cause a severe deterioration of mechanical properties. In the present study, the evolution of sigma phase during heat treatments at temperatures in which intermetallic phases can be formed (800ºC-900°C) was studied using magnetic analyses on a SAF2205 (DIN 1.4462/UNS S31803) steel. A significant reduction of the intensity of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) was observed with the increase of heat treatment time, indicating a decrease in the quantity of ferromagnetic phases. For 24-hour-long treatments, the Barkhausen Noise signal is almost completely enclosed by the background noise, indicating the existence of a very small volume fraction of ferrite. If proper calibration samples are to be produced, this technique may be a viable method for non-destructive evaluation of field components working under thermal conditions that may cause the formation of intermetallic phases.

Topic: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
Subfield: Metals and Alloys
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY OF THORACIC AORTA IN THE CAT

Summary Vladova, D., M. Stefanov & Y. Toneva, 2005. Computed tomography study of thoracic aorta in the cat. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 3, 151�156. Computed tomography (;<) with contrast enhancement allows a detailed anatomical description of feline thoracic aorta. For this purpose, 14 sexually mature clinically healthy domestic cats weighing 2.9 to 4.0 kg were investigated. The animals were anaesthetized and fixed in dorsal recumbency on a ;< table (Tomoscan, CX/Q, Siemens). Consequent transversal 5 mm cross-sections were made along the thoracic cavity, caudally to the thirds thoracic vertebra (Th3). The levels corresponding to the best representation of anatomical features of thoracic aorta were selected. The branches of the aortic arch (the brachycephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery) were observed from the first studied Th3 segment to Th4. The aortic arch was detected at the Th5 level. The ascending aorta was visualized almost centrally to the Th6 segment, surrounded by the left atrium, the right atrium and the right ventricle. The descending aorta was observed on the left ventrally to the body of Th6. In caudal direction, the descending aorta was positioned ventromedially to the vertebral column, that was the best visible at Th10. This placement of the descending aorta was preserved up to aortic hiatus. In conclusion, ;< is able to visualize in vivo thoracic aorta and allows a precise anatomical analysis for the needs of diagnostics.

Topic: Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ANIMAL GENETICS • ORIGINAL PAPER Meta- and combined- QTL analysis of different experiments on immune traits in chickens

Abstract Meta and/or combined QTL analysis from multiple studies can improve quantitative trait loci (QTL) position estimates compared to the individual experiments. Hereby we present results of a meta-analysis of QTL on chicken chromosome 9, 14 and 18 using data from three separate experiments and joint QTL analysis for chromosome 14 and 18. Meta QTL analysis uses information from multiple QTLs studies. Joint QTL analysis is based on combining raw data from different QTL experimental populations. QTLs under the study were related to specific antibody response to keyhole lymphet hemocyanin (KLH), and natural antibodies to envi-ronmental antigens, lipopolisaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Meta QTL analysis resulted in narrowing down the confidence interval for two QTLs on GGA14. The first one for natural antibodies against LTA and the second one for specific antibody response toward KLH. Also, a confidence interval of a QTL for natural antibodies against LPS located onGGA18was narrowed down. CombinedQTL analysis was successful for two QTLs: for specific antibody response to-ward KLH on GGA14, and for natural antibodies against LPS on GGA18. The greatest statistical power for QTL detection in joint analysis was achievedwhen raw data from segregating half–sib families from different populations under the study was used.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selective Inhibition of Type II Dehydroquinases

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelective Inhibition of Type II DehydroquinasesMartyn Frederickson, Emily J. Parker, Alastair R. Hawkins, John R. Coggins, and Chris AbellView Author Information University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, England, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8, 2612–2613Publication Date (Web):March 26, 1999Publication History Received4 January 1999Published online26 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990004qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990004qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bacteria,Enolates,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts

Topic: Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Editorials Is It Time to Say Good Bye to Blow-By?

While it has been clearly demonstrated that spontane-ously breathing children of all ages with bronchospasm respond well to nebulized bronchodilators, only a small proportion of aerosolized drug reaches the lungs.1–9 In addition, the combination of a small airway diameter, a rapid breathing pattern, and poor tolerance to the treatment has made delivery of nebulized medications to the airway of pediatric patients very challenging. The face mask is one of the most frequently prescribed aerosol devices for the administration of bronchodilators to children, in a variety of clinical settings. Their advan-tage is the little to no cooperation required from the child. Nevertheless, the presence of a tight seal on the patient’s face has been considered a critical element to improve aerosol delivery. Amirav et al have found that the absence

Topic: Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ammianus XVII - P. de Jonge: Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XVII. Pp. xi + 404. Groningen: Bouma, 1977. Fl. 86.

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Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Research Department - Government Finance - State Governments - Statements of Consolidated Revenue &amp; Expenditure Accounts and Loans Funds Accounts (Niemeyer Statements) - Western Australia (File 5) - July 1955 - June 1961

Size: 10.0MB | Series: Research Department | Read the full record details for Files &amp; Documents: Research Department - Government Finance - State Governments - Statements of Consolidated Revenue &amp; Expenditure Accounts and Loans Funds Accounts (Niemeyer Statements) - Western Australia (File 5) - July 1955 - June 1961

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
On the constricted neon positive column

The axial electric field strength, electron temperature, and radially averaged electron density in a medium pressure and current, constricted neon plasma column of a direct current glow discharge have been measured by electric methods. The ion loss and production rate coefficients and the loss terms have been calculated and the ratio between recombination loss and diffusion loss evaluated. The steady-state equilibrium between ion production and ion loss shows that, though electron-impact ionization of metastable species is an important ion-production channel, electron-impact ionization via the resonance and higher excited neon levels and associative ionization are also important ion-production channels.

Topic: Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rapid PCR Based Detection of Buffalo Milk in Cow Milk

The study was undertaken with an objective to evaluate a rapid PCR based method for detection of adulteration of buffalo milk in cow milk at minimum level of detection. This method utilizes primers targeting the mitochondrial encoded 12S rRNA gene as the target for species identification. PCR assay involve use of three different primers. Reverse primers specific for cow and buffalo complementary to the gene fragment of 12S rRNA along with the common forward primer. The cow specific primer, along with the common forward primer, yields a cow specific amplicon of 346 bp in the 12S rRNA gene. On the other hand, a buffalo specific primer along with the same common forward primer yields a buffalo specific amplicon of 220 bp fragment in the same gene. The method evaluated was able to detect presence of buffalo milk in cow at 0.5% level of adulteration.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on Variation of Non-polar Metabolites in Gossypium hirsutum L. under Water Stress Condition Using Gas Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy Technique

Present work was aimed at studying the variation of non polar metabolites content in Gossypium hirsutum L. under water stress condition using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. A total of 17 non-polar metabolites were detected in control and water stressed G. hirsutum leaf. The major metabolites were quinoline derivative (26.37±0.29%), 2- methylhexadecan-1-ol (7.47±0.07%), phytol (7.71±0.02%), myristic acid (5.94±0.04%), hexadecanol (14.30±0.94%), nonadecane (1.67±0.05%) and palmitic acid (3.20±1.39%). Fourteen metabolites were detected in control and water stressed G. hirsutum stem. The major metabolites were dodecene (1.67±0.11%), L-lysine (0.65±0.06%), dibutylphthalate (5.06±1.88%), linoleic acid (10.26±0.07%), campesterol (0.87±0.04%) and stigmasterol (1.13±0.55%). Statistical analysis of GC-MS data was carried out by Mann-Whitney U test without normal distribution using statistical software SYSTAT version 12.0. Significant variation in the content of the most of the metabolites were observed between control and water stressed leaf or stem (Mann-Whitney U test, P =0.05). It concludes that the major metabolites played an important role during water stress and can be consider as metabolites responsible for water stress tolerance in G. hirsutum.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A critical-density closed universe in Brans-Dicke theory

In a Brans-Dicke (BD) cosmological model, the energy density associated with some scalar field decreases as $\displaystyle a^{{-2}(\frac{\omega_{o}+ {\frac12}%}{\omega_{o}+1})} $ with the scale factor $a(t)$ of the Universe, giving a matter with an Equation of state $\displaystyle p=-{1/3}(\frac{2+\omega_{o}}{1+\omega_{o}}) \rho $. In this model, the Universe could be closed but still have a nonrelativistic-matter density corresponding to its critical value, $\Omega_{o}=1$. Different cosmological expressions, such as, luminosity distance, angular diameter, number count and ratio of the redshift tickness-angular size, are determined in terms of the redshift for this model.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences