jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An insight into the molecules and materials of the haustorium of the Asian Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer) and their nutraceutical values

The B. flabellifer L. has untapped potential in sustainable development and its products have many high food and medicinal values. Palmyraculture is defined as the plantation and utilization of Palmyra palm for self-reliance and sustainable development. The endosperm/embryo of germinated seeds is an important biomaterial, also known as haustorium. This paper provides comprehensive insights into the molecules of the haustorium, especially those of pharmaceutical and nutritional interests, and briefly explores other applications of haustoria. The discussions of seed germination, and consequently, the haustorium development have made their way in 21st-century research. With further advancements in chemical analytic techniques and the growing realization of diverse uses of nearly every part of the plant, more attention has been attracted to the phytochemical composition of the parts, including the haustorium. The recent research on the haustorium examines haustoria molecules, their respective functions and uses, and their interactions with external factors. During the period when the haustorium converts complex nutrients in the endosperm into simple forms for the growing embryo, it is composed of varying essential sugars, amino acids, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, macro, and micronutrients, all of which are highly beneficial for human health. It also possesses glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins, which contribute to its medicinal properties of acting against hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, as anti-allergic, anticancer, and anti-neoplastic agents, and for fighting against oxidative stress. The most recent study on the haustorium highlights how its extracts serve as an efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functional food. Future studies of the Palmyra palm haustorium could offer potential applications; emphasizing the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and ethnobotanical significance.

Topic: Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interconversion of Oxazepam Enantiomers During HPLC Separation. Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters

Abstract Oxazepam undergoes reversible enantiomerization at ambient temperature. Standard solutions of this compound and extracts from tablets (both with c=0.1 mg/mL) were injected on a chiral HPLC column (Chirobiotic T) at various temperatures (273 K‐313 K, increment 5 K). The mobile phase with the composition MeOH/TEA/Hac (100/0, 1/0, 1) and flow rate 1.0 mL/min were used.Citation1 Both the separation and the interconverson process occurred simultaneously. The various profiles obtained by a UV detector included two peaks (unreacted zone) and a plateau sandwiched between two peaks (reacted zone). These profiles could be explained by on‐column enantiomerization. The unreacted molecule zone on the profile was fused with the reacted molecule zone. The computer assisted peak deconvolution procedure (Origin 7.0 section peak fitting) was used for the determination of peak areas in peak clusters. The deconvolution of experimentally obtained chromatograms enabled the resolved and determined areas of each zones. As follows, the peak areas were used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters of enantiomerization – apparent rate constants (k 1 app and k −1 app ), Gibbs free energy (ΔG 1 app , ΔG −1 app ), enthalpy (ΔH 1 app , ΔH −1 app ), and entropy (ΔS 1 app , ΔS −1 app ). Keywords: OxazepamEnergy barriersEnantiomerizationDeconvolution Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the support of the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (VEGA 1/2460/05 and APVV‐20‐035‐205)

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heavy-ion excitation of autoionization states in helium. [Double excitation]

The autoionization spectrum of He produced by 3.0-MeV Cl/sup 2 +/ ions is compared with results from other heavy-ion collisions to indicate the relative importance of collision velocity and projectile nuclear charge on the double excitation mechanism.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Total cross sections for the reactions $^{10,11,12}$Be+$^{28}$Si and $^{14}$B+$^{28}$Si

In this paper, the results of measurements of the total cross sections for the reactions $^{10,11,12}$Be+$^{28}$Si and $^{14}$B+$^{28}$Si in the beam energy range $13A$--$47A$ MeV are presented. The experimental cross sections were obtained by detection of the gamma quanta and neutrons accompanying the interaction of the isotopes of Be and B with $^{28}$Si. It was found that the cross sections for $^{11,12}$Be are similar, but significantly exceed those for $^{10}$Be. A significant increase in the cross sections for $^{12}$Be with decreasing energy is observed in the entire measured energy range. A theoretical explanation of the obtained experimental data is given based on the microscopic model of deformed nuclei and the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the outer weakly bound neutrons of the projectile nuclei. The calculated total reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effects of Capabilities and Governance on Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing Performance: Client and Provider Perspectives

Research on information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO) has consistently found that client firm capabilities, provider firm capabilities, and governance mechanisms (contractual and relational) are key determinants of outsourcing performance. These key determinants work together to affect outsourcing performance, however, the information systems (IS) literature has investigated them in a separate manner. This study contributes to the body of IS knowledge by examining capabilities and governance mechanisms influence on outsourcing performance independently and jointly. Based on resource-based theory, transaction cost economics, and relational exchange theories, we develop a research model to examine the independent and joint effects of one client's capabilities (i.e., client's provider management capability), three provider's capabilities (i.e., human resources management, risk management, and innovativeness), and two governance mechanisms (contractual and relational governance) on two indicators of outsourcing performance (i.e., provider's service quality, and client's economic benefits). Survey data gathered from 306 practitioners in 21 client firms and 20 provider firms is used to test the research model. Our results indicate that service quality and client’s economic benefits have different sets of determinants. Service quality is determined by three provider's capabilities and relational governance. Client’s economic benefits are determined by contractual and relational governance, client's provider management capability, and provider’s service quality. Our findings also provides evidence that service quality fully mediates the relationships among three provider's capabilities and outsourcing performance. Further, our analyses suggest that there are negative interaction effects between capabilities and governance mechanisms on outsourcing performance. More specifically, in the presence of strong governance mechanisms, the positive effects of client's and provider's capabilities on outsourcing performance are reduced. Last, we also reveal that clients and providers differ in how they view the independent and joint effects of capabilities and governance mechanisms on outsourcing performance. This study provides some important implications for researchers and practitioners pertaining to effective governance of outsourcing arrangements and offers directions for future research.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
IMMUNIZATION OF SALMONIDS AGAINST THE FISH PATHOGEN, <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>

ABSTRACT An avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida was shown to lack “A‐layer” protein exterior to the outer cell membrane, but was still immunogenic in fish. After bacteria were inactivated with chloroform, whole cells, soluble antigen and combined whole cell plus soluble antigen vaccines were prepared. Those brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) that were vaccinated by a 60‐second immersion in the combined whole cell plus soluble antigen vaccine were protected against experimental challenges. Further immersion vaccinations of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in the combined vaccine indicated that protection conferred by immunization was highly significant, efficacious, and reproducible. In field situations, mortality in brown trout ( S. trutta ) immersion‐vaccinated in this preparation was 2.1% whereas that in control fish was 28.9% after natural challenge.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Morphology and Structure Control of Multicompartment Micelles from Triblock Copolymer Blends

Control of the overall morphology and inner structure of multicompartment micelles from binary blends of triblock copolymers in solution was studied by dissipative dynamics simulations. The effects of the block sequence, block ratio, block length, and chain architecture on the morphology and structure of mixed multicompartment micelles were investigated systematically. This work shows that by changing the block composition or chain architecture of one copolymer in the binary blends, the mixed degree, relative distance, and degree of participation of core-forming blocks from two triblock copolymers can be tuned, and diverse morphologies of mixed micelles with alterable domain arrangements and overall size can be obtained. This work shows that blending of copolymers is an effective way to control the morphology and inner structure of multicompartment micelles, providing useful information on the preparation of mixed micelles with unique properties for practical applications.

Topic: Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and Implementation of Control Module based on Wi-Fi Network for Smart Farm

한국의 대다수의 농민들은 농작물의 품질을 향상시키기 위해 시설하우스 내에서 자연 환기창을 정해진 시간에 맞춰 감아올리거나 내리는 어려움 및 시설하우스의 내부 환경을 최적의 생육환경으로 만들기 위해 실시간으로 사용되는 각종 시설기기들 때문에 발생하는 높은 소비전력으로 인해 높은 생산비를 지불해야하는 문제점을 해결하기 위해 스마트 팜이라는 새로운 시스템이 탄생하였지만, 국내 대다수의 농가들은 시공업체의 사후기술지원 서비스 및 스마트팜에 대한 교육 미흡하기 때문에 국내 대다수의 농가들은 스마트팜을 제대로 사용할 수 없다.BR 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 가격 대비 높은 스펙을 가지고 있는 센서와 IC로 설계한 Wi-Fi 네트워크 기반의 제어 모듈을 개발하였다. 제어 모듈을 이용하여 시설하우스의 자연환기창을 시간과 장소에 상관없이 원격으로 제어할 수 있도록 하며, 상용화된 스마트 미터 제품들과 유사한 기술을 설계하여 시설하우스에서 소비되는 전류를 측정한다. 측정된 전류값 데이터는 본 논문에서 설계한 Wi-Fi 네트워크 기반의 제어모듈을 통해 사용자의 모바일 장치에서 모니터링이 가능하다. 제어모듈에서 MCU 역할을 하는 ESP-12E는 Wi-Fi 다이렉트 기능 또한 겸비하고 있기 때문에 이 기능을 이용하여 무선 네트워크에 접속해 사용자의 모바일장치와 연동하여 측정된 전류 데이터값을 설계한 안드로이드 애플리케이션에 통해 모니터링이 가능하다.

Topic: Energy and Environmental Systems
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Digital transformation and business model innovation: the relevance of strategic orientations under varying conditions of competitive intensity

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted existing business models, forcing managers in the manufacturing industry to look for new strategies that could help their firms bounce forward. The situation calls for a rethink, redesign, and development of new business models (BMs) using digital capabilities. Drawing from the dynamic capability theory, this paper investigates how digital transformation (DT) influences business model innovation (BMI) through technology orientation (TO). The paper further examined the moderating role of competitive intensity (CI) in the DT-TO link. Design/methodology/approach The model was tested using survey data from 208 senior managers in manufacturing firms in Ghana. SPSS 23 and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for the analyses. Findings The results revealed that both DT and technology orientation directly influence all four dimensions of BMI. The result further showed that technology orientation indirectly mediates the relationship between DT and all four dimensions of BMI. The findings further showed that the DT-BMI link is amplified at varying levels of competitive intensity. Originality/value Although recent research has highlighted the pertinence of embracing DT to foster innovation, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study among the first few attempts to shed light on the role of DT for sensing, seizing, and (re) configuring firms’ resources to renovate manufacturing business models to stay competitive. In addition, to date, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study exists that has examined the conditions and mechanism through which optimal BMI can be achieved through DT. The paper offer practical guidance to managers of manufacturing firms by developing an actionable framework to effectively leverage digital transformation for business model innovation through enhanced technology orientation, offering clear guidelines for assessing and aligning organizational capabilities with digital strategies.

Topic: Business and Economic Development
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct democracy and intergenerational conflicts in ageing societies

Abstract To evaluate the potential effects of population ageing on the outcomes of direct democracy, we analyze the effect of age on voting decisions in public referendums. In a case study of the Stuttgart 21 referendum on one of the largest infrastructure projects in Germany, we find that support for the project decreased significantly in age. A quantitative review of the relevant literature affirms that similar lifecycle patterns appear to be the norm in referendums on projects that require initial expenditures and pay off in the long run. Population ageing, thus, presents a potential threat to investment‐like reform projects.

Topic: Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A novel method of measuring microelectronic interconnect transmission line parameters and discontinuity equivalent electrical parameters using multiple reflections

This paper describes a novel technique which measures the electrical properties of transmission lines (such as microstrip) and extracts equivalent electrical parameters for discontinuities in transmission lines with remarkable precision using a modern network analyzer and newly developed de-embedding software. This technique has successfully measured the per-unit-length inductance (L'), resistance (R'), capacitance (C'), and dielectric loss conductance (G') of microstrip transmission lines made from solid copper and conductive polymer. These materials have been studied at frequencies up to 201 MHz, and higher frequencies are possible. Discontinuities, such as an opening in the ground plane under the microstrip, have also been characterized at frequencies up to 2400 MHz. Measurements of characteristic impedances and skin resistances made by this method are in agreement with theoretical models. Higher frequency measurements should be feasible using a higher frequency network analyzer.

Topic: Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulated carbon sink response of shortgrass steppe, tallgrass prairie and forest ecosystems to rising [CO<sub>2</sub>], temperature and nitrogen input

The response of plant ecosystems to environmental change will determine whether the terrestrial biosphere will remain a substantial carbon sink or become a source during the next century. We use two ecosystem models, the Generic Decomposition And Yield model (G'DAY) and the daily time step version of the Century model (DAYCENT), to simulate net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for three contrasting ecosystems (shortgrass steppe in Colorado, tallgrass prairie in Kansas, and Norway spruce in Sweden) with varying degrees of water, temperature, and nutrient limitation, to determine responses to gradual increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]), temperature, and nitrogen input over 100 years. Using G'DAY, under rising [CO 2 ], there is evidence of C sink “saturation,” defined here as positive NEP reaching an upper limit and then declining toward zero, at all three sites (due largely to increased N immobilization in soil organic matter) but a positive C sink is sustained throughout the 100 years. DAYCENT also predicts a sustained C sink at all three sites under rising [CO 2 ], with evidence of C sink saturation for the Colorado grassland and the C sink levels off after 80 years for the Kansas grassland. Warming reduces soil C and the C sink in both grassland ecosystems but increases the C sink in the forest. Warming increases decomposition and soil N mineralization, which stimulates net primary productivity (NPP) at all sites except when inducing water limitation. At the forest site some of the enhanced N release is allocated to a woody biomass pool with a low N:C ratio so that warming enhances NEP without increased N input at the forest site, but not at the grassland sites. Responses to combinations of treatments are generally additive for DAYCENT but more interactive for G'DAY, especially under combined rising [CO 2 ] and warming at the strongly water‐ and N‐limited shortgrass steppe. Increasing N input alleviates C sink saturation and enhances NEP, NPP, and soil C at all sites. At the water‐limited grassland sites the effect of rising [CO 2 ] on growth is greatest during the drier seasons. Key sensitivities in the simulations of NEP are identified and include NPP sensitivity to gradual increase in [CO 2 ], N immobilization as a long‐term feedback, and the presence or not of plant biomass pools with low N:C ratio.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sensor Placement for Globally Optimal Coverage of 3D-Embedded Surfaces

We carry out a structural and algorithmic study of a mobile sensor coverage optimization problem targeting 2D surfaces embedded in a 3D workspace. The investigated settings model multiple important applications including camera net- work deployment for surveillance, geological monitoring/survey of 3D terrains, and UVC-based surface disinfection for the prevention of the spread of disease agents (e.g., SARS-CoV-2). Under a unified general "sensor coverage" problem, three concrete formulations are examined, focusing on optimizing visibility, single-best coverage quality, and cumulative quality, respectively. After demonstrating the computational intractability of all these formulations, we describe approximation schemes and mathematical programming models for near-optimally solving them. The effectiveness of our methods is thoroughly evaluated under realistic and practical scenarios.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selection of black bean pre-cultivars based on adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract The development of new cultivars is a strategy used in breeding programs to increase food production with environmental sustainability. The genotype × environment interaction is a great challenge in the identification and selection of superior genotypes for different edaphoclimatic conditions. Due to this interaction, it is essential to select and develop materials that can provide not only high productivity but also wide adaptability and production stability. Given the above, this work aims to select bean pre-cultivars regarding grain productivity, adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro. In the 2018 harvest, two inbred lines competition trials were carried out and three in the 2019 harvest. Eleven black bean genotypes were evaluated in five environments, and the experiments were set up in a randomized block design with three replications. The adaptability and genotypic stability were assessed via the GGE Biplot, Eberhart and Russell and Lin and Binns methodologies, with the aid of the GENES and R software systems. The methodologies based on simple linear regression and non-parametric statistical analysis were concordant in the identification of genotypes with production stability (BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403 and CNFP 16459), responsive to environmental improvement (BRS Esteio) and adapted to unfavorable environments (BRS Esteio). Furthermore, BRS Esteio was classified as the ideotype and presented the best adaptability, high stability and performance above the general average. Thus, the adaptability and stability analysis methodologies proved to be effective and consistent in identifying superior genotypes.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring the Role of Attentional Reorienting in the Reactive Effects of Judgments of Learning on Memory Performance

Making judgments of learning (JOLs) while studying related word pairs can enhance performance on tests that rely on cue-target associations (e.g., cued recall) compared to studying alone. One possible explanation for this positive JOL reactivity effect is that the prompt to make JOLs, which typically occurs halfway through the presentation of each pair, may encourage learners to devote more attention to the pair during the second half of the encoding episode, which may contribute to enhanced recall performance. To investigate this idea, an online sample of participants (Experiment 1) and undergraduate students (Experiment 2) studied a set of moderately related word pairs (e.g., dairy–cow) in preparation for a cued recall test. Some participants made JOLs for each pair halfway through the presentation, whereas other participants did not. Also, some participants were presented with a fixation point halfway through the presentation, whereas other participants were not. The goal of this fixation point was to simulate the possible “reorienting” effect of a JOL prompt halfway through each encoding episode. In both an unsupervised online context and a supervised laboratory context, cued recall performance was higher for participants who made JOLs compared to those who did not make JOLs. However, presenting a fixation point halfway through the presentation of each pair did not lead to reactive effects on memory. Thus, JOLs are more effective than a manipulation that reoriented participants to the word pairs in another way (i.e., via a fixation point), which provides some initial evidence that positive reactivity for related pairs is not solely driven by attentional reorienting during encoding.

Topic: Memory Processes and Influences
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences