jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FORCE: A Framework of Rule-Based Conversational Recommender System

The conversational recommender systems (CRSs) have received extensive attention in recent years. However, most of the existing works focus on various deep learning models, which are largely limited by the requirement of large-scale human-annotated datasets. Such methods are not able to deal with the cold-start scenarios in industrial products. To alleviate the problem, we propose FORCE, a Framework Of Rule-based Conversational Recommender system that helps developers to quickly build CRS bots by simple configuration. We conduct experiments on two datasets in different languages and domains to verify its effectiveness and usability.

Topic: Music and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Precision thin sectioning of silica phytoliths by Focused Ion Beam (FIB-SEM) v1

Phytoliths are microbodies of biogenic silica made by many plant species in all ecosystems over the globe. They serve critical functions in alleviating plant stresses and influencing the carbon and silicon biogeochemical cycles. The investigation of carbon occlusion within phytolith, as a potential source of long-term soil carbon storage, has long been hampered by a lack of direct experimental evidence. In this protocol, we employed a Focused Ion Beam coupled to a Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) to produce thin lamellas (approximately 15 × 10 µm2 size, with thickness below 200 nm) enabling synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy (STXM) analysis with ≈100–200 nm pixel size resolution at energies near the silicon and carbon K-absorption edges. Our results revealed the spatial distributions of carbon within phytoliths, highlighting its presence at lamella borders, within islands, and dispersed in extended regions. This protocol of phytolith slicing into thin lamella provides unprecedented insights into the spatial and chemical characteristics of carbon within phytoliths, offering a low-invasive alternative to wet-chemical digestion methods.

Topic: Silicon Effects in Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe

Over recent decades managers have had to cope with populations of ungulates which have substantially increased both their range and density in Europe (see Apollonio et al.,2010, and references therein). In fact, of the 20 different species of free-ranging ungulates in Europe, only fallow deer Dama dama populations have remained comparatively stable in the last decades. This situation has been perceived by some people as a positive change, leading to greater opportunities for observation of native ungulates by the general public, as well as increased opportunities for those interested in hunting. Unfortunately this marked change in status also has some drawbacks where there is perceived to be an increase in ungulate–human conflicts. Ungulates may cause significant damage to farming and forestry (see Chapter 6 this volume), collisions with vehicles (see Chapter 8), and the spread of disease (Simpson, 2002; Chapter 7 this volume). In addition, there is a growing concern that large populations of ungulates may have a substantial effect on ecosystem function (e.g. Danell et al., 2006). Consequently, in many countries society considers that managers should control ungulate populations through hunting in order to meet specific management objectives (Sinclair, 1997). In practice, the management of most populations of ungulates consists of setting harvest quotas for hunting.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ábyrgar konur og sjúkir karlar. Birtingarmyndir nauðgunarmenningar í íslensku samfélagi

In the past months and years women have been raising awareness against rape and other sexual violence. The aim of the research discussed in this article is to shed a light on rape culture in Iceland, especially what ideas are prevailing among young people about rape, survivors and perpetrators. Moreover, the aim is to shed a light on the impact of these ideas on rape survivors. The study draws on focus group interviews with university students and semi-structured interviews with a university student, rape survivors and an expert who works closely with survivors. The findings highlight rape culture in Iceland and how rape and other sexual violence is normal-ized. Predominant discourses and myths tend to question the rape, portray survivors as responsible for the rape and find ways to extenuate perpetrators.

Topic: Hungarian Social, Economic and Educational Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality-Controlled Sputum Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Sputum, widely used to study the cellular content and other microenvironmental features to understand the health of the lung, is traditionally analyzed using cytology-based methodologies. Its utility is limited because reading the slides is time-consuming and requires highly specialized personnel. Moreover, extensive debris and the presence of too many squamous epithelial cells (SECs), or cheek cells, often renders a sample inadequate for diagnosis. In contrast, flow cytometry allows for high-throughput phenotyping of cellular populations while simultaneously excluding debris and SECs. The protocol presented here describes an efficient method to dissociate sputum into a single cell suspension, antibody stain and fix cellular populations, and acquire samples on a flow cytometric platform. A gating strategy that describes the exclusion of debris, dead cells (including SECs) and cell doublets is presented here. Further, this work also explains how to analyze viable, single sputum cells based on a cluster of differentiation (CD)45 positive and negative populations to characterize hematopoietic and epithelial lineage subsets. A quality control measure is also provided by identifying lung-specific macrophages as evidence that a sample is derived from the lung and is not saliva. Finally, it has been demonstrated that this method can be applied to different cytometric platforms by providing sputum profiles from the same patient analyzed on three flow cytometers; Navios EX, LSR II, and Lyric. Furthermore, this protocol can be modified to include additional cellular markers of interest. A method to analyze an entire sputum sample on a flow cytometric platform is presented here that makes sputum amenable for developing high-throughput diagnostics of lung disease.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Murine typhus: a re-emerging rickettsial zoonotic disease

Murine typhus, caused by <i>Rickettsia typhi</i>, is re-emerging in many parts of the world. The disease is also called endemic typhus to differentiate from epidemic typhus (caused by <i>Rickettsia prowazekii</i>), and sometimes also named flea-borne typhus. Occasionally, literature sources will include <i>Rickettsia felis</i> as a causative agent of flea-borne typhus, but illnesses caused by <i>R. felis</i> are actually flea-borne spotted fever. Murine typhus occurs in warm, coastal areas worldwide. In the United States, most cases are reported from California, Texas, and Hawaii. Murine typhus is usually a self-limited febrile illness but about one-quarter of patients suffer organ complications. The disease is only infrequently fatal. Regarding disease ecology, the historical paradigm is that rats (<i>Rattus rattus</i> and <i>R. norvegicus</i>) are reservoirs of <i>R. typhi</i> worldwide, with rat fleas (<i>Xenopsylla cheopis</i>) as primary vectors. More recently, researchers have proposed an alternative suburban murine typhus transmission cycle involving opossums, cat fleas, cats, and dogs in Texas, California, and rural Mexico. Because cat fleas feed on a variety of mammals, there may be other avenues for <i>R. typhi</i> transmission, including stray or feral cats bringing cat fleas and other infected fleas into proximity with humans and possible aerosolization of infected flea feces. Additional fleas, ticks, lice, and mites may play a role in various areas throughout the world, but a striking lack of fundamental research on this topic makes drawing conclusions difficult. This review provides an overview of the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of murine typhus, with special emphasis on its disease ecology.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel, Potent and Bioavailable Proline‐Urea Based Macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FOLATE STATUS AND ASTHMA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE LITERATURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Asthma has a major public health impact in the United States and worldwide. Climbing asthma rates have triggered a search for environmental factors that could be contributing to the prevalence or severity of asthma. Among substantial changes over the past several decades has been a dramatic increase in folate intake, caused by widespread foodstuff fortification as well as maternal vitamin supplementation. Findings in a murine model have suggested that folate supplementation affects offspring asthma risk. Cross-sectional studies in humans have yielded weak evidence of an inverse association between folate and asthma risk, in which lower folate is associated with greater odds of asthma. Birth cohort studies, on the other hand, have provided weak evidence of a positive association between maternal folate supplementation and offspring asthma risk. Folate is a methyl donor that could theoretically alter asthma risk by contributing to the methylation of disease-modifying genes. Nevertheless, given the weak evidence for folate in modifying asthma risk, as well as the proven public health importance of folate in the prevention of neural tube defects, there is insufficient evidence to change current recommendations regarding folate supplementation during pregnancy. More clarity from well-designed, large observational studies, with careful measurement of folate status and asthma phenotypes, is necessary.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative immunological study of of lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty in murine model

Abstract Purpose Lamellar keratoplasty (LK) has been considered an acceptable alternative surgery for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), because LK has the advantage of lower risk of graft rejection and intraocular complications, according to recent clinical outcomes. But the relative immunological mechanism of graft rejections for the two procedures is uncertain. We have developed a murine model of lamellar keratoplasty to try to understand the immunological mechanisms of those two procedures. Methods We have developed a murine model of lamellar keratoplasty to try to understand the immunological mechanisms of those two procedures through real‐time PCR, immunohistochenistry, and flow cytometric analysis. Results LK mice showed less graft rejection than PK mice and LK led to less DTH response and IFN‐γsecretion in vitro recall assay of T cells from drainage lymph nodes, as compared to PK (acceptance; acc). Corneal expression of IL‐1β and IFN‐γ in PKacc were significantly increased later. In addition, LK showed less angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in grafted cornea than PK, and LK led to decreased number of MHCIIhighCD11c+ antigen presenting cells(APCs) in the draining LNs. Conclusion In conclusion, these results show that LK presents less graft rejection than PK through lower angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which could make pathologic T cells and APC less migration into drainage LNs and grafted corneas, respectively.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Early Immune Changes Support Signet Ring Cell Dormancy in &lt;i&gt;CDH1&lt;/i&gt;-Driven Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Carcinogenesis

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Stage IA gastric adenocarcinoma, characterized by foci of intramucosal signet ring cells (SRC), is found in nearly all asymptomatic patients with germline pathogenic &lt;i&gt;CDH1&lt;/i&gt; variants and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). The molecular steps involved in initiating malignant transformation and promoting SRC dormancy in HDGC are unknown. Here, whole-exome bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of SRCs and adjacent non-SRC epithelium (NEP) was performed on laser-capture microdissected (LCM) regions of interest found in risk-reducing total gastrectomy specimens from patients with HDGC (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03030404). In total, 20 patients (6 male, 14 female) with confirmed HDGC were identified. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) demonstrated upregulation of certain individual EMT and proliferation genes. However, no oncogenic pathways were found to be upregulated in SRCs. Rather, SRC regions had significant enrichment in pathways involved in T-cell signaling. CIBERSORTx predicted significant increases in the presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) specific to SRC regions. IHC confirmed an increase in FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells in SRC foci, as well as elevations in CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells and HLA-DR staining. In summary, the tumor immune microenvironment is microscopically inseparable from stage IA gastric SRCs using a granular isolation technique. An elevation in CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells within SRC regions correlates with clinically observed SRC dormancy, while Treg upregulation represents a potential immune escape mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;Implications:&lt;p&gt;Characterization of the tumor–immune microenvironment in HDGC underscores the potential for the immune system to shape the transcriptional profile of the earliest tumors, which suggests immune-directed therapy as a potential cancer interception strategy in diffuse-type gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Infections in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study

The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of infections in 200 SLE outpatients. All outpatients with active or inactive SLE without infections in the previous month were included. They were assessed every 3 months. Major infections were those requiring hospitalization and parental antibiotic therapy; minor infections required oral or topical therapy. Sociodemographic, disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), therapy and laboratory variables were evaluated. After a follow-up of 22 7 months, 65 (32%) patients had infections; 35% of those were major. The most common sites for infection were urinary (26%), skin (23%), systemic (12%), and vaginal (9%). At infection onset, 50 of 65 patients (77%) had disease activity, with a mean SLEDAI score of 6.1. The variables signifycantly associated with infection in the univariate analyses were the presence of disease activity, SLEDAI score, renal activity, prednisone dose, and IV cyclophosphamide. The only variable associated with infection in the multivariate analyses was a SLEDAI score of 4 or higher. Most infections in SLE outpatients were single, minor, non-life threatening, and associated with disease activity independently of sociodemographic and therapeutic factors.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Motor Memory in HCI

There is mounting evidence acknowledging that embodiment is foundational to cognition. In HCI, this understanding has been incorporated in concepts like embodied interaction, bodily play, and natural user-interfaces. However, while embodied cognition suggests a strong connection between motor activity and memory, we find the design of technological systems that target this connection to be largely overlooked. Considering this, we are provided with an opportunity to extend human capabilities through augmenting motor memory. Augmentation of motor memory is now possible with the advent of new and emerging technologies including neuromodulation, electric stimulation, brain-computer interfaces, and adaptive intelligent systems. This workshop aims to explore the possibility of augmenting motor memory using these and other technologies. In doing so, we stand to benefit not only from new technologies and interactions, but also a means to further study cognition.

Topic: Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pediatric psoriasis induced by HLA‐B46‐Cw1 haplotype: A retrospective study of psoriasis onset after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Genome‐wide association studies have identified more than 60 susceptibility loci for psoriasis, highlighting the role of genetics in psoriasis development. Although the HLA region is suggested as the most prominent susceptibility locus, the role of the HLA haplotype in the development of psoriasis is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate how HLA haplotype changes affect the onset of psoriasis and which HLA haplotypes are associated with the development of psoriasis. A longitudinal, retrospective case series study of children was conducted at Tohoku University Hospital in Japan, between November 1981 and October 2020. We evaluated a total of 378 pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Department of Pediatrics. The background of these patients and their HLA haplotypes before and after transplantation was assessed. Among the 378 cases, aged 0–22 years old (median age 6) identified, 117 cases received autologous transplantation, 260 cases received allogeneic transplantation, and one case received syngeneic transplantation. Only two cases developed de novo psoriasis, and these cases had acquired HLA‐B46‐Cw1 after allogeneic transplantation. Others who had HLA‐B46‐Cw1 before and after allogeneic transplantation did not develop psoriasis. Our findings suggest that the HLA‐B46 and HLA‐Cw1 combination contributes to the development of psoriasis in this Asian population.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Femtosecond non-collinear optical parametric oscillator in the visible (VIS-NOPO)

In this work, we present a femtosecond, fast tunable non-collinear optical parametric oscillator (NOPO) pumped by the third harmonic of a Yb-fiber laser. The NOPO covers nearly the complete visible spectral range from 440-720 nm.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of TAK-931, a Cell Division Cycle 7 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase I First-in-Human Study

&lt;div&gt;Purpose:&lt;p&gt;We conducted a first-in-human, dose-escalation study, to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and activity of TAK-931, a cell division cycle 7 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Patients ages ≥20 years received oral TAK-931: once daily for 14 days in 21-day cycles (schedule A; from 30 mg); once daily or twice daily for 7 days on, 7 days off in 28-day cycles (schedule B; from 60 mg); continuous once daily (schedule D; from 20 mg); or once daily for 2 days on, 5 days off (schedule E; from 100 mg) in 21-day cycles.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Of the 80 patients enrolled, all had prior systemic treatment and 86% had stage IV disease. In schedule A, 2 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of grade 4 neutropenia and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 50 mg. In schedule B, 4 patients experienced DLTs of grade 3 febrile neutropenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) or grade 4 neutropenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1); the MTD was 100 mg. Schedules D and E were discontinued before MTD determination. The most common adverse events were nausea (60%) and neutropenia (56%). Time to maximum plasma concentration of TAK-931 was approximately 1–4 hours postdose; systemic exposure was approximately dose proportional. Posttreatment pharmacodynamic effects correlating to drug exposure were observed. Overall, 5 patients achieved a partial response.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;TAK-931 was tolerable with a manageable safety profile. TAK-931 50 mg once daily days 1–14 in 21-day cycles was selected as a recommended phase II dose and achieved proof of mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;Trial registration ID:&lt;p&gt;NCT02699749&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This was the first-in-human study of the CDC7 inhibitor, TAK-931, in patients with solid tumors. TAK-931 was generally tolerable with a manageable safety profile. The recommend phase II dose was determined to be TAK-931 50 mg administered once daily on days 1–14 of each 21-day cycle. A phase II study is ongoing to confirm the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of TAK-931 in patients with metastatic solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Students' Conceptions of Understanding and Its Assessment

Understanding means different things to different people, influencing what and how students learn and teachers teach. Mainstream understanding of understanding has not progressed beyond the first level of constructivist learning and thinking, ie academic understanding. This study, based on 167 student narratives, presents two hitherto unknown conceptions of understanding matching more complex ways of knowing, understanding-in-relativism and understanding-in-supercomplexity requiring the development of more complex versions of constructive alignment. Students comment that multiple choice testing encourages learning focused on recall and recognition, while academic understanding is not assessed often and more complex forms of understanding are hardly assessed at all in higher education. However, if study success depends on assessments-of-learning that credit them for meaning oriented learning and deeper understanding, students will put in effort to succeed.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences