jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Integrating Mathematical Concepts Into An Animal Science Curriculum

Nationwide, mathematical scores have been a topic of concern among elementary and secondary educators for many years. Decreasing math skills are also trickling into post-secondary education, requiring universities to provide additional remedial math instruction in colleges and universities. Studies have been conducted to discover the most effective pedagogical methods of teaching math. Teaching contextualized math has been found to be effective and includes providing a direct application to real-life scenarios rather than teaching linear equations and algebraic principles outside of their application. A study was conducted measuring the effects of integrating mathematical skills in an animal science curriculum. Eight Utah schools participated in the research study. Students received a pretest measuring their existing mathematical skills and self-efficacy in math. All students were taught a unit of instruction about animal nutrition and feeding. The control group received a typical nutrition unit and the treatment group received the same unit of instruction with the addition of mathematical skill integration. Students were taught to use the Pearson Square to calculate feed rations as well as solve basic equations to balance rations. Following the unit of instruction, students completed a posttest survey, which included a math attitudinal scale, posttreatment self-efficacy scale, and posttreatment math skills quiz. There was no statistically significant difference in math self-efficacy or math skills between the control group receiving a typical nutrition unit and the treatment group which received the math-enhanced unit of instruction. Correlational statistics were gathered and showed a strong positive relationship between students' self-efficacy and math skills. Gender, grade level, highest completed math class, and grade received in highest-level math class were not found to be statistically significant predictions of math skills. Highest level of math completed and overall grade point average were statistically significant factors in predicting math self-efficacy.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recycled-plastic reinforced earthen masonry prototype for tornado-resistant dwellings

This chapter introduces a stabilized and reinforced earthen masonry (SREM) system that manufactured using soil widely available throughout the US "Tornado Alley", and engineered for deployment in tornado-resistant dwelling and safety-shelter structures. The research goal is to prototype and characterizes a SREM system that pairs the "green" features and affordability of earthen masonry with the strength and deformability needed for tornado-resistant structures. Earth masonry made of compressed and stabilized earth blocks and stabilized earth mortar is emerging as a construction material for high-quality "green" dwellings. Attractive "green" features encompass energy efficiency and ability to passively maintain the indoor humidity within an ideal 40-60% range, markedly lower carbon emissions and embodied energy compared to concrete masonry units and fired clay bricks and local availability of source materials. The prototype stabilized earth mortar was modified by incorporating low-cost polyvinyl alcohol fibers.

Topic: Hygrothermal properties of building materials
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Media, Nationalism and the Welfare System

This study aims to investigate and explain the portrayal of refugees in Swedish media, and to use the media as a way of understanding society at large. The analysis is based on newspaper articles written during times when nationalist parties have been in parliament in Sweden, the periods being 1990 to 1995 and 2010 to 2015. By looking at how the media portrays and reports on refugees through the theoretical framework chosen, the aim is to explain why there is a reoccurrence of nationalism in society. The result suggests that there are issues in the existing world system; In the world system of today, trade is carried out across borders, with labour and goods flowing back and forth between nations. At the same time, there is no consensus on what the role of the welfare state is in the globalized world, leading to debates on the right of access to a welfare system of another state. Thus, nationalists can argue that an outsider are claiming rights to a system that is not theirs. This in turns leads to a division between “us” and “them”, based on citizenship. Citizenship is used as method of claiming that one has a greater right than another, which in turn then means that people are not inherently equal, but that equality is applicable to those with citizenship alone. As long as there is no consensus on the equal right to access the welfare system, nationalism can continue to claim that some have greater right than others. Keywords:

Topic: European Politics and Security
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Teachers’ perceptions of youth with obesity in the classroom

Pediatric obesity is a widespread health concern and youth with obesity face teasing and ridicule, which can lead to academic difficulties (e.g., falling behind from missed class time). Teachers have a direct role in how children are treated by peers. We examined how teachers' views of children with obesity differ from their views of children with asthma, a less stigmatized chronic condition. Online questionnaires assessing attitudes toward children with health conditions were completed by 140 first- to fifth-grade teachers. Teachers rated children with asthma as more likely to be accepted by their peers than children with obesity. Additionally, teachers reported children with obesity as more burdensome to have in their classroom. Our findings that teachers reported children with obesity as more burdensome and less accepted may be influenced by societal attitudes related to the stigma associated with obesity. Findings highlight the importance of education for teachers on how to improve attitudes and outcomes for students with obesity.

Topic: Obesity and Health Practices
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficient congestion control in VANET for safety messaging

The prime goal of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is to provide life safety on the road. To achieve this, vehicles make use of two types of safety messages i) Periodic safety messages (beacons): to exchange status information e.g. position, speed etc. ii) Event-driven messages: broadcast in case of an emergency situations e.g. accidents, hard-braking etc. As both type of messages use same Control Channel, in dense traffic periodic beacons may consume the entire channel bandwidth resulting in a saturated/congested channel. In a congested channel event-driven messages may not be able to access the channel at all, thus providing no safety. Researchers have proposed different strategies to overcome this problem. Most of these strategies rely on the concept of a limiting beacon bandwidth usage level below a specific threshold and thus implicitly reserving a chunk of bandwidth for high priority even-driven messages. In the proposed strategies either transmission rate or power control techniques are used to control congestion. In this paper we evaluate such techniques and highlight following major drawbacks first: using only power control techniques do not satisfy requirements of envisioned beacon-dependent safety applications, second: methods used for measuring channel usage level in transmission rate control technique may not be as effective under real world conditions. We also present a conceptual view of a congestion control scheme using transmission rate and transmission power simultaneously for optimal results.

Topic: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Motivation on Job Satisfaction among “Mystery Shoppers”

This research paper focuses on “Mystery Shopping”, making mystery shoppers the target respondents of this research study. While previous studies have taken into consideration the motivational aspect, this research extends the scope to consider EI and its mediation between motivation and job satisfaction. Simple percentage analysis has been used to analyse the demographic profile of the respondents as well as an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and corresponding CFA. The hypothesized eleven factors of CFA (4 factors for motivation, 5 factors for Emotional Intelligence and 2 factors for job satisfaction) model fits the sample data very well. The major rule of thumb RMSEA is .87, RMR is 0.30 and AGFI is .891 which has satisfied the CFA model fit criteria. It is found that job satisfaction is enhanced only through motivation directly rather than being mediated by EI. Thus the lacking aspects have to be considered by the mystery shoppers to enhance job satisfaction through a well-balanced emotional state.

Topic: Emotional Intelligence and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Antimony Thin Film as a Robust Broadband Saturable Absorber

Antimony shows unique electrical, optical response with the reduced dimension. Herein, the antimony thin film has been grown by vapor deposition method with a thickness of 12.8 nm, and its broadband nonlinear saturable absorption properties have been observed and characterized within the spectral range from 800 to 1930 nm. With the help of the antimony thin film, a Q-switched fiber laser with a pulse duration of 983 ns and a highly stable femtosecond fiber laser with pulse duration of 753 fs have been delivered from an Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped fiber laser. Furthermore, by incorporating the antimony thin film into an Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped fluoride fiber laser, stable Q-switched mid-infrared pulses with a pulse duration of 824 ns have been obtained. Our experimental results clearly highlight the promise of antimony thin film as a robust broadband optical signal processing component.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Knowing and guessing: How do 9 year olds approach the meaning of visual signs in weather charts?

Weather charts in the popular media constitute a specific field of semiosis, meaning that they allow procedures of production and transfer of information by means of visual signs which, unlike other semiotic systems, are not firm and standard. The article deals with the ways 9 year old children interpret visual signs appearing on a website for weather predictions. The hypothesis of the research was that in order to interpret these visual signs correctly, the children have to reveal the semiotic system they are part of and then, discover the semiotic principles behind the formation of every sign or group of signs. As visual signs appearing at weather charts may be hypo-icons, indexes or symbols – regarding the relation they have to their dynamic objects – , the children's correct sign interpreation has to be based on the resemblance, the causality or contiguity and the symbolic value of the signs, correspondingly. Visual language is not always transparent and universally understood; therefore, children should be trained into it at school as part of the development of their general visual literacy.

Topic: Digital Storytelling and Education
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Flavonoid Responses in Wheat Grown at Elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: Green Versus Senescent Leaves

We compared flavonoids in green, mature, and senescing flag leaves of wheat grown under ambient (AC - 370 μmol mol-1) and elevated (EC - 550 μmol mol-1) concentrations of CO2 in a FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) system. The concentrations of flag leaf flavonoids (e.g., isoorientin and tricin) decreased to one third in mature leaves, and the majoritary isoorientin almost disappeared in senescing leaves. Flavonoid concentrations increased in green well-developed flag leaves under EC (46 % isoorientin and 55 % tricin), whereas the differences disappeared in mature and senescing flag leaves. Predictions of changes in litter phenolic concentrations and their effects on decomposition rates under EC based on changes in green leaves need to be revised.

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Make Love and Lose Your Religion and Virtue: Recalling Sexual Experiences Undermines Spiritual Intentions and Moral Behavior

In contrast with traditional considerations, sexuality is often perceived today as being rather compatible with religion/spirituality and morality. However, there may be some inherent opposition between (a) sexuality (thoughts, affects, and pleasure) and (b) religion/spirituality (attitudes, motives) and (interpersonal) morality (dispositions, behavior). The two imply, respectively, self‐enhancement versus self‐transcendence, disinhibition versus self‐control, and disgust indifference versus sensitivity. We hypothesized that sexual experience attenuates spiritual and moral concerns and behaviors. In three online experiments, young adults were asked to recall a personal sexual experience. Compared to a control condition, sexual induction diminished spiritual behavioral intentions (Experiments 1 and 2), in particular among those with high individual disinhibition (Experiment 1), as well as behaviors of prosociality and integrity/honesty (Experiment 3). The effects were independent of individual religiousness/spirituality. These findings suggest that combining sexual pleasure with self‐transcendence and moral perfection, even if a legitimate ideal, is not an easy enterprise.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Regulation by calcium of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP system in cerebellar granule cells and astroglia in culture

Ca2+ entry induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in neurons and by noradrenaline (NA) in astrocytes is known to increase intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels through stimulation of the Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide synthase type I (NOS-I). The possibility that Ca2+ entry could also down-regulate intracellular cGMP by activating a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) has been investigated here in primary cultures enriched in granule neurons or in astroglia from rat cerebellum. We show that the same agonists that stimulate nitric oxide (NO) formation (NMDA and NA at 100 microM) and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (10 microM) decrease cGMP generated in response to direct stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by NO donors in both cell types. This effect requires extracellular Ca2+ and is prevented by the calmodulin inhibitor W7 (100 microM). Membrane depolarization, manipulations of the Na+ gradient, and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization also decrease NO donor-induced cGMP formation in granule cells. In astroglia Ca2+ entry additionally down-regulates cGMP generated by stimulation of the particulate GC by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF). Decreases in cGMP produced by A23187 were more pronounced in the absence than in the presence of the PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; 1 mM), indicating that a CaM-PDE was involved. We also show that astroglial cells can accumulate similar amounts of cGMP than neurons in response to NO donors when IBMX is present but much lower levels in its absence. This may result from a lower ratio of sGC to PDE activities in astroglia.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Addressing Obsolescence&amp;#x2014;The Uprating Option

Uprating is a process that assesses the capability of a part to meet the functional and performance requirements for an application in which the part is used outside the specified temperature range provided in the manufacturer's datasheet. This article discusses the use of uprating as a means to address obsolescence. The article begins by explaining the rationale and opportunities for using parts outside the specification range. The technical issues for using uprating to address obsolescence [obsolescence is known in the military community as diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages (DMSMS)] are then presented. Finally, a case study is presented.

Topic: Transportation Systems and Infrastructure
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Uji Aktivitas Analgetik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia [l.] Pers) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Pain is an uncomfortable feeling caused by strong or destructive stimulation, if unchecked can affect daily routine. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect and dosage of the leaf extract ethanol, as well as to determine the effectiveness of the leaf extract ethanol as a narcotic analgesic by the Tail Flick method or as a non-narcotic analgesic by the Paw Pressure Test Randall Selitto method. Extraction was done by maceration of leaf powder with a solvent 96% ethanol. 25 male Wistar white rats were divided into 5 groups, positive group mefenamic acid 9 mg /200 g BW for the Paw Pressure Test Randall Selitto Method and tramadol 0.9 mg /200 g BW for the Tail Flick Method, negative control CMC Na 0,5%, ethanol extract leaves inggu leaves a dose of 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW and 40 mg /200 g BW. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test, then LSD test was used to determine differences between groups. The results showed extract dosage of 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW, 40 mg /200 g BW had analgesic effect. Extract dosage of 20 mg /200 g BW and 40 mg /200 g BW in the Randall selitto Paw Pressure Test method is equivalent to mefenamic acid, extract dose 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW, and 40 mg /200 g BW the Tail Flick method is equivalent to Tramadol. Ethanol leaf extract is more effective as a narcotic analgesic by the Tail Flick method.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Superstretchable and Tough Physical Cross-Linking Hydrogels with Dual pH and Temperature Responsiveness for In Vivo Treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-Infected Wounds

Developing a single hydrogel with comprehensive wound healing functions is challenging. We developed a composite hydrogel wound dressing with thermal and pH responsiveness, demonstrating antibacterial and biocompatible properties in rats with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-infected wounds. Sodium alginate cross-linked by Ca<sup>2+</sup> served as the continuous phase, while thermosensitive poly(isopropylacrylamide), laponite, lecithin, gelatin, and antibacterial ZIF-8 supported by tannic acid-induced Ag nanoparticles formed the dispersed phase. This hydrogel exhibits impressive mechanical properties, including >3100% breaking elongation and 0.5 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> toughness, able to withstand 56 times its own weight, highlighting its ductility and ability to prevent structural damage in animal models. It also demonstrates excellent thermoresponsive self-contraction and tissue adhesion, promoting wound closure. Biochemically, it supports wound healing with temperature-dependent drug release, anti-infection, and antioxidation properties. In vivo studies on <i>S. aureus</i>-infected skin defects show accelerated wound closure, increased granulation tissue thickness, collagen deposition, and vascularization, demonstrating its potential as an effective wound dressing.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimally controlling the human connectome: the role of network topology

To meet ongoing cognitive demands, the human brain must seamlessly transition from one brain state to another, in the process drawing on different cognitive systems. How does the brain's network of anatomical connections help facilitate such transitions? Which features of this network contribute to making one transition easy and another transition difficult? Here, we address these questions using network control theory. We calculate the optimal input signals to drive the brain to and from states dominated by different cognitive systems. The input signals allow us to assess the contributions made by different brain regions. We show that such contributions, which we measure as energy, are correlated with regions' weighted degrees. We also show that the network communicability, a measure of direct and indirect connectedness between brain regions, predicts the extent to which brain regions compensate when input to another region is suppressed. Finally, we identify optimal states in which the brain should start (and finish) in order to minimize transition energy. We show that the optimal target states display high activity in hub regions, implicating the brain's rich club. Furthermore, when rich club organization is destroyed, the energy cost associated with state transitions increases significantly, demonstrating that it is the richness of brain regions that makes them ideal targets.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Darwin, God and the Meaning of Life

If you accept evolutionary theory, can you also believe in God? Are human beings superior to other animals, or is this just a human prejudice? Does Darwin have implications for heated issues like euthanasia and animal rights? Does evolution tell us the purpose of life, or does it imply that life has no ultimate purpose? Does evolution tell us what is morally right and wrong, or does it imply that ultimately 'nothing' is right or wrong? In this fascinating and intriguing book, Steve Stewart-Williams addresses these and other fundamental philosophical questions raised by evolutionary theory and the exciting new field of evolutionary psychology. Drawing on biology, psychology and philosophy, he argues that Darwinian science supports a view of a godless universe devoid of ultimate purpose or moral structure, but that we can still live a good life and a happy life within the confines of this view.

Topic: Evolution and Science Education
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences