jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study investigating knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population regarding early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis

Aim This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of the general population concerning early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 in regional hospitals in Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shanghai City, and other areas. Demographic information and KAP scores were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. Results A total of 582 participants were enrolled in the study, comprising 298 females (51.2%). The median (25 th percentile and 75 th percentile) scores of KAP were 21 (8, 43), 38 (33, 43), and 31 (24, 36), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude, a positive correlation between attitude and practice, and an insignificant correlation between knowledge and practice. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that several factors were independently associated with low knowledge scores. These factors included being younger than 30 years, having a nonmedically related occupation, and not being vaccinated against the hepatitis virus. Conversely, having an education level of high school or below, having a nonmedically related occupation, and not having acquaintances affected by hepatitis were independently associated with negative attitudes. Furthermore, having an education level of high school or below and having a nonmedically related occupation were independently associated with negative practices. Conclusion The general population had insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices toward early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. Targeted educational campaigns should prioritize younger individuals, those with nonmedical occupations, and males to improve awareness and practices.

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical correlates of mental dysfunction in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Parkinson's disease (PD) comprises a range of motor andcognitive disturbances, a portion of which respond little,if at all, to levodopa treatment and are therefore consid-ered to be due to nondopaminergic lesions [1,2]. Moresevere cognitive impairments and higher risk for develop-ing dementia have been associated with the clinical man-ifestations of postural instability and gait disorder whichare characterized by refractoriness to levodopa [2,3].

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effectiveness of international regulation of pollution controls: the case of the governance of ship emissions

Ships' engines generate global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions greater than those of the aviation industry, while also generating very large amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulates, which (although not contributing to global warming) have detrimental effects on air quality and human health. The UN's International Maritime Organisation is actively considering possible means of reducing global ship emissions of CO2, but has already put in place a series of measures to reduce emissions of SOx. These include Emission Control Areas (ECAs) in the North Sea/English Channel and the Baltic. Ships must operate in the ECAs with fuel oil which has a maximum sulphur content of 1.0 per cent (reducing to 0.1 per cent in 2015). This study will shadow Swedish and UK Port-State Control Officers on ship inspections in the North Sea and Baltic ECAs and interview a sample of regulators and enforcement officers, ship operators and other key stakeholders. Following the interviews and observational work, an attempt would be made to find consensus among a panel representing a range of stakeholder interests on both the current problems in the operationalisation of the SOx emission controls and on the implications of these problems for the future design of CO2 controls.

Topic: Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Periacetabular Osteotomy Performed with Imageless Computer-Assisted Navigation: Case Report

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an effective surgical treatment for developmental hip dysplasia. The goal of PAO is to reorient the acetabulum to increase acetabular coverage of the femoral head, as well as to reduce contact pressures within the hip joint. The primary challenge of PAO is to accurately achieve the desired acetabular fragment orientation, while maximizing containment and congruency. As key parts of the procedure are performed out of direct field of view of the surgeon, combined with this challenge of precise spatial orientation, there is a potential role for technologies such as surgical navigation. Adjunctive technology may provide information on the orientation of repositioned acetabulum and may offer a useful assist in performing PAO. Here, we present a case of developmental dysplasia of the hip treated via PAO with the addition of an imageless computer navigation device. Surgery was successful, and, at 3 months after procedure, the patient was progressing well. To our best knowledge, this is the first case using imageless computer-assisted navigation in PAO surgery.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integration of sex and gender in a continuing professional development course on diabetes and depression: a mixed methods feasibility study

Objectives Assess the feasibility and impact of a continuous professional development (CPD) course on type 2 diabetes and depression on health professionals’ intention to include sex and gender considerations in patient care. Design and setting In collaboration with CPD organisations and patient-partners, we conducted a mixed-methods feasibility controlled trial with postintervention measures in three Canadian provinces. Participants Of 178 eligible health professionals, 127 completed questionnaires and 67 participated in semistructured group discussions. Intervention and comparator An interactive 1 hour CPD course, codesigned with patient-partners, on diabetes and depression that included sex and gender considerations (innovation) was compared with a similar course that did not include them (comparator). Outcomes Feasibility of recruitment and retention of CPD organisations and patient-partners throughout the study; adherence to planned activities; health professionals’ intention to include sex and gender considerations in patient care as measured by the CPD-Reaction questionnaire; and barriers and facilitators using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results All recruited CPD organisations and patient-partners remained engaged throughout the study. All planned CPD courses occurred. Overall, 71% of eligible health professionals participated (63% under 44 years old; 79.5% women; 67.7% practising in French; 66.9% practising in Quebec; 78.8% in urban practice). After training, mean intention scores for the innovation (n=49) and control groups (n=78) were 5.65±0.19 and 5.19±0.15, respectively. Mean difference was −0.47 (CI −0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, gender and practice settings, mean difference was −0.57 (CI −1.09 to −0.05; p=0.03). We identified eight theoretical domains related to barriers and six related to facilitators for providing sex-adapted and gender-adapted diabetes and depression care. Conclusions CPD training on diabetes and depression that includes sex and gender considerations is feasible and, compared with CPD training that does not, may prompt health professionals to modify their care. Addressing identified barriers and facilitators could increase intention. Trial registration number NCT03928132 with ClinicalTrials.gov; Post-results.

Topic: Obesity and Health Practices
Subfield: Pharmacy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Wood development regulators involved in apical growth in <i>Pinus canariensis</i>

Abstract The shoot apical meristem is responsible of seasonal length increase in plants. In woody plants transition from primary to secondary growth is also produced during seasonal apical growth. These processes are controlled by different families of transcription factors. Levels of transcriptomic activity during apical growth were measured by means of a cDNA microarray designed from sequences related to meristematic activity in Pinus canariensis . The identification of differentially expressed genes was performed using a time‐course analysis. A total of 7170 genes were differentially expressed and grouped in six clusters according to their expression profiles. We identified master regulators, such as WUSCHEL‐like HOMEOBOX (WOX), to be involved in the first stages of apical development, i.e . growth of primary tissues, while other transcription factors, such as Class III HOMEODOMAIN‐LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD‐ZIP III) and KNOTTED‐like (KNOX) and BEL1‐like (BELL) HOMEODOMAIN proteins, were found to be induced during last stages of apical seasonal development, already with secondary growth. Our results reveal the main expression patterns of these genes during apical development and the transition from primary to secondary stem growth. In particular, the regulatory factors identified play key roles in controlling stem architecture and constitute candidate genes for the study of other development processes in conifers.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prognostic factors of survival after radiotherapy for metastases to the spinal column and a scoring system of survival: Review of 530 patients in Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital

9608 Background: The role of radiotherapy (RT) for patients with spine metastases has been well established. Several reports indicated to select optimal RT schedule appropriate for survival was important; standard-course RT for good predicted survival and short-course RT for poor predicted survival. In this report, we retrospectively analyzed prognostic factors of survival and make a scoring system to predict survival of the patients with spine metastases. Methods: Five hundred and thirty patients with spine metastases were irradiated at Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital between September 2002 and December 2006. The prognostic factors for survival were studied using the Cox proportional hazards model. Based on the regression coefficient of the multivariate analyses, a scoring system was developed. The scoring system is as follows; 3 points were allocated for unfavorable tumor type, and bad performance status (3 or more), 2 points were allocated for hypercalcemia, visceral metastases, and previous chemotherapy and 1 point was allocated for multiple bone metastases, and elderly (65 years or older). Results: The overall survival rates for all cases after 6, 12 and 24 months were 49.1% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 45% to 53%), 32.5% (95% CI: 28% to 37%), and 18.9% (95% CI: 15% to 23%), respectively. Median overall survival periods were 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.9 to 6.8 months). Of the 530 patients, 489 patients (92.3%) were followed for a minimum of 12 months, unless death supervened, during which time 41 patients were lost to follow-up. The survival curves can be separated into three groups: Group A, with total scores of 0–5; Group B, with total scores of 6–9; Group C, with total scores of 10–14. 32% of patients were in Group A (MST = 21.3 months), 48% were in Group B (MST = 5.1 months), and 20% were in Group C (MST = 1.8 months). The overall survival rates after 6, 12 and 24 months were: 82%, 65% and 45% in Group A; 43%, 21% and 7% in Group B; 6%, 4% and 0% in Group C, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions: This scoring system would predict survival of the patients with spine metastases. Further prospective investigation is needed to select optimal RT schedule appropriate for survival using this scoring system. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Topic: Management of metastatic bone disease
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract WP112: Association and Discordance Between Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Three-Dimensional Vessel Wall Imaging in Detecting Intracranial Atherosclerosis

Background: Evaluation of intracranial atherosclerosis currently relies on angiography techniques to detect luminal stenosis, among which 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MRA is most widely used. Recently, 3D vessel wall (VW) MRI has allowed direct plaque visualization in major intracranial arteries. Purpose: We sought to study the association between luminal stenosis on TOF-MRA and plaque on VW-MRI in major intracranial arteries. Methods: Patients with recent cerebral ischemic events and without cardioembolic or rare etiologies were scanned with intracranial TOF-MRA (resolution: 0.53x0.83x1.4 mm 3 ) and VW-MRI (0.8x0.8x0.8 mm 3 ). Eleven segments were evaluated, including cavernous and supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), anterior cerebral artery (A1), middle cerebral artery (M1), basilar artery, and posterior cerebral artery (P1). TOF-MRA and VW-MRI were analyzed blinded to each other and clinical data. Luminal stenosis on TOF-MRA was categorized as mild (1-49%), moderate (50-69%), severe (70-99% or flow void), and occlusion (100%). Plaque on VW-MRI was defined as focal wall thickening that exceeded twice reference wall thickness, with plaque burden measured as 1 - lumen diameter / outer wall diameter at the level of maximum wall thickness. Results: Nineteen patients were recruited (59.4±14.3 years; 68.4% male). TOF-MRA detected stenosis in 28 segments while VW-MRI detected plaque in 88 segments. Sixty-three (71.6%) plaques on VW-MRI did not show luminal stenosis on TOF-MRA, which, compared to those showing luminal stenosis on TOF-MRA, had smaller plaque burden (0.48±0.09 vs. 0.58±0.11; p&lt;0.001) and were more commonly localized in the supraclinoid ICA (p=0.029) and less likely in the A1 segment (p=0.043). Three (2 mild; 1 moderate) stenoses on TOF-MRA did not show plaque on VW-MRI. TOF-MRI and VW-MRI had a weak correlation both in detecting segmental atherosclerosis (Cohen’s kappa: 0.30 [0.20, 0.41]) and in evaluating lesion severity (stenosis vs. plaque burden; Spearman’s rho: 0.44 [0.25, 0.60]). Conclusions: In symptomatic patients, segmental atherosclerosis was three times more prevalent on VW-MRI than TOF-MRA. Further studies are warranted to understand the clinical implications of VW-MRI plaques that are undetected on TOF-MRA.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phytonutritional compounds and antioxidant activity of eight new edible flowers

In the last years, special attention has been given to the nutritional properties of food, and the edible flowers (EFs) represent an uncommon fresh product to characterise, with the aim to explore new species with peculiar aesthetic and the aromatic features. This work investigated some nutritional properties of eight new EFs, such as <i>Begonia boliviensis</i> A.DC. (pink and white varieties), <i>Dahlia pinnata</i> Cav., <i>Salvia farinacea</i> Benth., <i>S.</i> × <i>jamensis</i> J.Compton, <i>S.</i> ‘Purple Queen’ <i>Tulbaghia simmleri</i> Beauv. ‘Alba’, <i>T. violacea</i> Harv. ‘Alba’, chosen for their different colours and corolla morphologies. Primary and secondary metabolites have been determined. The highest protein content was found in <i>T. violacea</i> ‘Alba’ and <i>D. pinnata</i>. The <i>Salvia</i> species showed the highest soluble sugar content. The two <i>Tulbaghia</i> species were notable for hexose and ascorbic acid content<i>. D. pinnata</i> showed the highest polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoid content, with the highest antiradical activity.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Notes on the Spectra of Several Long-Period Variable Stars at Various Phases of Their Light-Curves

view Abstract Citations (4) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Notes on the Spectra of Several Long-Period Variable Stars at Various Phases of Their Light-Curves Merrill, Paul W. Abstract Low-dispersion spectrograms of a number of long-period variables of classes Me and Se, taken during the fainter phases, are brie1~y described. The chief general results are: (i) the continuous spectrum of Me variables is remarkably strong between X 4226 and H; (2) the intensities of the dark H and K lines differ widely in different variables; (~) large changes in total light may occur without marked changes in the absorption spectrum; (~) the bright hydrogen lines, as well as XX 4202, 4308, 4571, behave in the manner previously outlined; (~) certain long-period variables do not have observable "companion" spectra at minimum light; (6) interesting peculiarities were found in the spectrum of x Cygni near minimum Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: May 1936 DOI: 10.1086/143727 Bibcode: 1936ApJ....83..272M full text sources ADS | Related Materials (1) Reprint: 1936CMWCI.539....1M

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Results of the research of “barezhin” type peloids of Adjara region and prospects of their use in balneological practice

During studying the mineral waters widespread in Adjara region, it found out, that some mineral water is clean and transparent while running out on the surface, but it leaves lubricant mud at the place of coming out and when flowing into the pits. These types of peloids are successfully used in the balneological practice and are known in the literature by the names of the geographical locations, such as – according to city of Barezhin in the Pyrenees Mountains. In the available literature there is found no data on the research of type peloids widespread in Adjara region with the purpose of their application in balneological practice.
The aim of our research was to study type peloids of Adjara region with the purpose of their use in balneological practice. 
The chemical compositions (micro- and macroelements) of 17 so called type peloids located in Adjara region have been studied by using the modern instrumental methods of analysis.
It is noteworthy, that the studied peloids are saturated with micro- and macroelements. The results of X-Ray phase analysis have shown, that Kvirike and Chakhati peloids mainly represent rentgenoamorphous mass. The contents of the following minerals have been established in the objects: Ca-Na feldspar, K feldspar, Ca-montmorillonite, quartz (SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), chlorite, magnetite, amphiboles, trace amounts of mica and chlorite. The presence of bacteriophages have been stated in the water extracts of Chakhati and Kvirike peloids, which have the ability of the lyses of E. Coli and Staphylococcus strains.
Based on the pharmacological studies have been established, that the study objects (Chakhati and Kvirike peloids) are not characterized by general toxic, cumulative, local irritant, allergic, internal organs damaging and systemic actions during local administration.
At present, the instructions for use in the balneological practice have been processed on 2 kinds of type peloids located in Adjara region.

Topic: Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements
Subfield: Complementary and Manual Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD Langmuir #89128.1

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aportación del ecumenismo a la unidad de la Iglesia y de la sociedad

The article explores how ecumenism has been a key tool in promoting unity both within the Christian Church and in wider society. Through interdenominational dialogue and cooperation between diverse Christian traditions, ecumenism seeks to overcome historical and doctrinal divisions, fostering reconciliation and mutual respect. This process not only strengthens ties between churches, but also promotes a culture of peace and understanding in society, highlighting the importance of working together on social, ethical and humanitarian issues.

Topic: Religious and Theological Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect on Health Care Expenditures During Nationwide Implementation of the Diabetes Prevention Program as a Health Insurance Benefit

OBJECTIVE Lifestyle interventions slow development of type 2 diabetes by half, but the impact of health payer reimbursement for delivery of intervention programs is not well known. We evaluated net commercial health payer expenditures when offering reimbursement for access to YMCA’s Diabetes Prevention Program (YDPP) in 42 states. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a nonequivalent comparison group design to evaluate net health care expenditures for adults with prediabetes who attended one or more YDPP visit between 1 July 2009 and 31 May 2013 (“YDPP users”). Rolling, 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score (PS) matching was used to identify a comparison group of nonusers. Administrative data provided measures of YDPP attendance, body weight at YDPP visits, and health care expenditures. Random effects, difference-in-difference regression was used to estimate quarterly health care expenditures before and after participants’ first visit to YDPP. RESULTS Worksite screening identified 9.7% of the target population; 39.1% of those identified (19,933 participants through June 2015) became YDPP users. Mean weight loss for YDPP users enrolled before June 2013 (n = 1,725) was 7.5 lb (3.4%); 29% achieved ≥5% weight loss. Inclusive of added costs to offer YDPP, there were no statistically significant differences in mean per-person net health care expenditures between YDPP users and PS-matched nonusers over 2 years ($0.2 lower [95% CI $56 lower to $56 higher]). Mean reimbursement to the YMCA was $212 per YDPP user, with 92.8% of all expenditures made for those who attended at a high rate (≥9 completed YDPP visits). CONCLUSIONS Worksite screening was inefficient for identifying the population with prediabetes, but those identified achieved modest YDPP attendance and clinically meaningful weight loss. Over 2 years, added costs to offer the intervention were modest, with neutral effects on net health care costs.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Education
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences