jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of and Ethanol Hyper-production by<i>Clostridium thermocellum</i>I-1-B

An ethanol hyper-producing clostridial strain, I-1-B, was isolated from Shibi hot spring, Kagoshima prefecture and identified as Clostridium thermocellum based on morphological and physiological proper­ ties. The carbohydrates used as energy sources were glucose, fructose, cellobiose, cellulose and esculin. Fermentation products were ethanol, lactate, acetate, formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The optimum, maximum, and minimum temperature for growth are about 60, 70, and 47°C, respectively. Optimum pH for growth is about 7.5, and growth occurs at starting pH between 6.0 and 9.0. I-1-B strain has strong tolerance for ethanol and hyper ethanol-productivity. Ethanol concentrations causing 50%. decrease of growth yield are 27 and 16g/liter for I-1-B and ATCC27405 of C. thermocellum, respectively. The organism was cultured on a medium containing 80 g/liter cellulose at 60°C for 156 h. The culture was fed with a vitamin mixture containing vitamin B12 and mineral salts solution at intervals. In this culture the organism produced 23.6 g/liter (512mM) ethanol, 8.5 g/liter (94mM) lactate, 2.9 g/liter (48mM) acetate, and 0.9 g/liter (20mM) formate. The molar ratio of ethanol to total acidic products was 3.2. The ethanol productivity of the strain I-1-B is superior to any of the wild and mutant strains of C. thermocellum so far reported.

Topic: Biofuel production and bioconversion
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Obstacles in Proving the Crime of Money Laundering by Law Enforcement in Indonesia

This research aims to determine the obstacles to proving criminal acts of money laundering by law enforcement in Indonesia. The legal view regarding the crime of money laundering in Indonesia is that as long as there is no guilty verdict against the perpetrator of the predicate crime, then anything related to assets cannot be carried out. In practice, law enforcement still uses follow-up measures for money laundering suspects who prioritize punishment over asset recovery. This research focuses on proving the obstacles to the implementation of the Money Laundering Crime Law in the Police, Prosecutor's Office, and Corruption Eradication Commission. The research method in this writing uses doctrinal methods (juridical-normative) and non-doctrinal methods (juridical-empirical or socio-legal). The research results show that there still needs to be more conflict between the interests of law enforcement and the police, especially in terms of proving and recovering state losses. Obstacles to asset recovery that prosecutors can carry out are obstacles for prosecutors who are not given the authority to investigate criminal acts of money laundering that occurred before the 2010 Law on Money Laundering because the old law did not regulate the prosecutors' authority regarding this matter. Affairs. Criminal investigation. Money laundering. Likewise with the Corruption Eradication Commission, regarding the provisions of Article 69 concerning predicate crimes, they do not have to be proven first. Obstacles to Proving the Crime of Money Laundering by Law Enforcement in Indonesia.

Topic: Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Lay of the Historic Land

In the popular Russian film about the famous icon painter, "Andrei Rubliov," we hear a shout and read the subtitle "The Tatars are coming! The Tatars are coming!" Soon, a band of men on horseback gallops across the steppe, barges through the gates of a small city, and proceeds to stab, shoot, and lop off the heads of the priests, monks, and passers-by it encounters. The year is 1408 and the Tatars, along with the Russian Prince who invited them, enter the cathedral without dismounting. The worshipers scatter or are killed as the Tatars set the ancient building and its priceless icons on fire. We are led to believe by their satisfied smiles that the Tatars derive pleasure from this—it's what they do. Wild, dark-skinned, blood-thirsty, barbarian: these are some of the images that filter through the Russian imagination at the mention of Crimean Tatars. Vilified and demonized over the centuries, the Tatars are associated with the Golden Horde of Chingis Khan and charged with raiding Russia, especially in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The raiding culminated when they reached Moscow and set fire to the outskirts of the city.1 While awareness that the Crimean Tatars are bearers of an ancient, highly developed culture has grown, the old stereotypes and images continue to circulate, fueled by Soviet-era representations of Tatars as "traitors" who sold the Motherland.KeywordsThirteenth CenturyResidence PermitNational MinorityCrimean MountainNationality PolicyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Soviet and Russian History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Experimental Method to Extract the Phase-Sensitivity of Oscillators to Noise Perturbations

This paper describes an original experimental procedure to extract the phase sensitivity of oscillators to noise perturbations. The proposed method relies on measuring the width of the locking ranges over which the oscillator's response synchronizes with injected small-amplitude signals. It is shown that this sensitivity function can be employed to accurately predict how inner noise sources are transferred to output phase-noise and jitter. The extraction procedure is applied to a relaxation oscillator that exhibits a strongly nonlinear behavior.

Topic: Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bioisolation on the Space Station of Mice and Men

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of three months of testing using rodents in a breadboard biological isolator cage are presented. These cages are designed to provide isolation using microbial air filters on both inlet and outlet. Four different types cf filters were tested: a conventional HEPA filter (rated at 99.97% efficient at 0.3 microns), a “hospital” grade HEPA filter (95% efficient at 0.3 microns), and two grades of “Filtrete” - a proprietary 3M polypropylene material (rated at 84% and 97.3%, respectively, at 0.3 microns). Test results showed excellent performance on all filters, meeting or exceeding the strict particulate and microbial air quality standards proposed for the outlet of the animal holding facility: Class 100 and 10 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. In addition, it was also discovered that the fiberglass batting used inside the cage to contain animal waste served as an effective microbial filter by itself.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Spaceflight effects on biology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective

Abstract Flavonoids are plant‐derived dietary components with a substantial impact on human health. Research has expanded massively since it began in the 1930s, and the complex pathways involved in bioavailability of flavonoids in the human body are now well understood. In recent years, it has been appreciated that the gut microbiome plays a major role in flavonoid action, but much progress still needs to be made in this area. Since the first publications on the health effects of flavonoids, their action is understood to protect against various stresses, but the mechanism of action has evolved from the now debunked simple direct antioxidant hypothesis into an understanding of the complex effects on molecular targets and enzymes in specific cell types. This review traces the development of the field over the past 8 decades, and indicates the current state of the art, and how it was reached. Future recommendations based on this historical analysis are (a) to focus on key areas of flavonoid action, (b) to perform human intervention studies focusing on bioavailability and protective effects, and (c) to carry out cellular in vitro experiments using appropriate cells together with the chemical form of the flavonoid found at the site of action; this could be the native form of compounds found in the food for studies on digestion and the intestine, the conjugated metabolites found in the blood after absorption in the small intestine for studies on cells, or the chemical forms found in the blood and tissues after catabolism by the gut microbiota.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interferon regulatory factorï¿½3 mediates Poly(I:C)-induced innate immune response and apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer

Immunotherapy is considered one of the most promising treatments for lung cancer. The cell signalling molecules melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein (RIG‑I) are essential receptors that recognise intracellular pathogen-associated nucleic acids, whereas interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) controls the expression of innate immunity-associated genes in macrophages. However, the innate immune response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RNA interference, IRF3 plasmid construction, ELISA and apoptosis analysis were employed to study the innate immune response and apoptosis of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Poly(I:C) transfection in NSCLC cells triggered apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and activated the innate immune response by promoting interferon-β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 expression. Treatment with the IκB kinase ε/tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated nuclear factor-κB activator-binding kinase 1 inhibitor BX795, which inhibits IRF3 phosphorylation, or transfection with small interfering RNA/short hairpin RNA to downregulate MDA5, RIG‑I or IRF3, prior to Poly(I:C) transfection inhibited the innate immune response and apoptotic pathway. Conversely, IRF3 overexpression promoted activation of the apoptotic pathway, thus indicating that the MDA5/RIG‑I/IRF3 axis may mediate responses to Poly(I:C) transfection. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was associated with the alterations in IRF3 phosphorylation and apoptosis, thus suggesting that STAT1 may be involved in Poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis. In NSCLC surgical samples, MDA5, RIG‑I and IRF3 were highly expressed, whereas the expression levels of phosphorylated‑IRF3 were reduced. These findings indicated that the function of the MDA5/RIG‑I/IRF3 axis may be impaired in some lung cancers. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that the MDA5/RIG‑I/IRF3 axis, which is associated with innate immunity, is intact in NSCLC cells, and IRF3 is involved in regulating the apoptotic pathway in NSCLC cells.

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
DPSN: A Novel approach for Disease Prediction based on Social Networks

Disease prediction has always been challenging and critical research area. A lot of machine learning approaches have been developed in past to address this problem. In this paper a novel approach for disease prediction has been proposed. The approach is based on social network of diseases which is constructed using similarity among patient symptoms. The edges are weighted on the basis of the cosine similarity between the diseases. Social network metrics like degree and closeness centrality are used to predict high probable disease. The proposed method has been compared with existing machine learning approaches. The experimental results show that, when predicting disease from the set of 18 possible diseases with 30 possible symptoms, the proposed technique show better performance than traditional machine learning methods.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Duration of Vecuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Block as a Predictor of Liver Allograft Dysfunction

LUKIN, CARA L.; TILLMANN HEIN, H. A.; SWYGERT, THOMAS H.; GUNNING, THOMAS C. III; VALEK, TIMOTHY R.; DONICA, STEVEN K.; NELSON, ROSS B. III; RAMSAY, MICHAEL A. E. Author Information

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recognition of Endovascular Manipulations using Recurrent Neural Networks

The ability to accurately recognize elementary surgical gestures is a stepping stone to automated surgical assessment and surgical training. In this paper, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is applied to the task of recognizing six typical manipulations in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The manipulation mentioned above is referring to the atomic surgical operation, also called surgeme in many research. Instead of using the video data or kinematic data of surgical instruments, we propose to use the kinematic data of the operator's hand acquired by our wearable data glove to recognize the manipulations. To establish a baseline for comparison, a method based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is applied because HMM is frequently used in the tasks of surgical sequence learning. Two cross-validation schemes are used in our experiments, they both illustrate that our LSTM-based method far outperforms the HMM-based method. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to apply the LSTM recurrent neural network in the field of PCI.

Topic: Surgical Simulation and Training
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The enamel microstructure of Manidens condorensis: new hypotheses on the ancestral state and evolution of enamel in Ornithischia

Becerra, Marcos G., Pol, Diego (2020): The enamel microstructure of Manidens condorensis: New hypotheses on the ancestral state and evolution of enamel in Ornithischia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 (1): 59-70, DOI: 10.4202/app.00658.2019, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00658.2019

Topic: Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Maturation of human fetal esophagus maintained in organ culture

Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the human fetal esophagus maintained in organ culture. Esophageal explants from 8 fetuses aged from 12 to 16 weeks of gestation were cultured up to 21 days at 37°C in Leibovitz L‐15 serum‐free medium. Between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation, the esophagus has a stratified columnar ciliated epithelium, and glycogen aggregates are present in all cell layers. This morphology remains the same up to 5 days in culture. After 7 to 9 days, a vacuolization in the upper half layer occurs, leading to a lifting off of the ciliated layer and a flattening of the subjacent cells. After 15 days of culture, the esophageal epithelium is stratified squamous and the cells are exfoliated at the surface of the explants. Glycogen aggregates are still present in all layers. Islets of ciliated cells resting on the basal cell layers develop within the squamous epithelium. With the extension of the culture period up to 21 days, the general morphology of the epithelium does not change. The ultrastructural features of the newly formed squamous epithelium, with its basal lamina, are similar to that reported for human adult esophageal epithelium. During the course of the culture, the DNA synthesis continues as determined by autoradiography. It is concluded that it is possible to maintain viable human fetal esophagus in organ culture and that an accelerated maturation takes place leading to the formation of the adult esophageal epithelium.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ruptured Complete Hydatidiform Mole in the Fallopian Tube

Tubal pregnancies are common but presence of hydatidiform mole in tube is a rare entity. A woman of 53years presented with acute abdomen, preoperative pregnancy test was positive and ultrasonography suspected the case as hydatidiform mole in right tube. The patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as her family was completed. Subsequent histopathological examination showed ruptured complete hydatidiform mole in right tube. Postoperative period was uneventful with normalization of β-HCG titer within two weeks.

Topic: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Targeting stents with local delivery of paclitaxel-loaded magnetic nanoparticles using uniform fields

The use of stents for vascular disease has resulted in a paradigm shift with significant improvement in therapeutic outcomes. Polymer-coated drug-eluting stents (DES) have also significantly reduced the incidence of reobstruction post stenting, a disorder termed in-stent restenosis. However, the current DESs lack the capacity for adjustment of the drug dose and release kinetics to the disease status of the treated vessel. We hypothesized that these limitations can be addressed by a strategy combining magnetic targeting via a uniform field-induced magnetization effect and a biocompatible magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) formulation designed for efficient entrapment and delivery of paclitaxel (PTX). Magnetic treatment of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells with PTX-loaded MNPs caused significant cell growth inhibition, which was not observed under nonmagnetic conditions. In agreement with the results of mathematical modeling, significantly higher localization rates of locally delivered MNPs to stented arteries were achieved with uniform-field–controlled targeting compared to nonmagnetic controls in the rat carotid stenting model. The arterial tissue levels of stent-targeted MNPs remained 4- to 10-fold higher in magnetically treated animals vs. control over 5 days post delivery. The enhanced retention of MNPs at target sites due to the uniform field-induced magnetization effect resulted in a significant inhibition of in-stent restenosis with a relatively low dose of MNP-encapsulated PTX (7.5 μg PTX/stent). Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of site-specific drug delivery to implanted magnetizable stents by uniform field-controlled targeting of MNPs with efficacy for in-stent restenosis.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The heatmap shows 74 HGCs absent from reference strains Mtb ATCC H37Ra and Mtb ATCC H37Rv but present in most of the clinical isolates.

&lt;p&gt;Predicted annotation of each of the cluster family is also represented. The genes validated using PCR are also shown adjacent to the annotations.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Panacea for the nanoplastic surge in Africa: A state-of-the-art review

Africa is a large continent ranked amongst the top consumer of plastic materials. However, the improper handling of plastic wastes has resulted in massive pollution of different aspects of the environment (water, soil, sediments, air, food, etc.) within and around the region. The fragmentation and biodegradation of the bulk plastic material into small-sized particles has given rise to microplastic and nanoplastics. Owing to their small sizes, ease of transport, and large surface area, they tend to wreak serious havoc in the environment. Nevertheless, the growing awareness of the pollution problems caused by micro/nanoplastic debris is instrumental towards circumventing its widespread across the ecosystem. This review provides a state-of-the-art information on the prevailing nanoplastic surge across the borders of Africa, the ineffective management policies of plastic wastes, potential environmental hazards, and possible remediation strategies. Additionally, prospective insights into new areas for advanced research were highlighted.

Topic: Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of GMS - MODFLOW to Investigate Groundwater Development Potential in River Meme Catchment, Kogi State, Nigeria

Groundwater modelling is an important tool that can be used to determine appropriate management strategies for groundwater conditions. It is useful in monitoring groundwater levels due to extensive exploitation as is presently done in the Otokiti area on the River Meme catchment, Lokoja, Nigeria. A conceptual model was developed using Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) software. The model was calibrated both in steady and transient states. The steady state calibration was done for March 2009, aquifer performance data while the transient model was calibrated for March 2016 aquifer data. Results from calibration showed values of hydraulic conductivity varying from 0.02 to 25.6 m/d while the recharge rates varied from 0.0001 to 0.0007 m/d. A predictive run was done from 2016 to 2026 where the model examined the response of the aquifer to abstractions under three different schemes. In Scheme A, the abstractions remained the same as that of the current year 2016. In Schemes B and C, abstractions were increased by 20% and 60% respectively over the 2016 rates. The results showed that there was very little decline in head for locations near the rivers at the eastern and western parts of the catchment. However, for locations in the central part of the study area, which were mostly residential, there was a gradual decrease in head of up to 6 m for scheme A, 6.5 m for scheme B and 6.8 m for scheme C. The implies that even if the rate of abstraction is increase by up to 60% i.e. at 122 m3/d, the groundwater system would still be sustainable as a main source of supply for domestic consumption. The volumetric budget of the study area for the three abstraction schemes also showed that the groundwater abstraction was generally less than the annual groundwater recharge. Consequently, more water is available in the formation which can be abstracted for future development without any appreciable loss of head.

Topic: Groundwater flow and contamination studies
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION FOR YOUTH

У статті висвітлено державницькі аспекти запровадження інклюзивної освіти студентів у контексті їхньої професійної підготовки. Розкрито сутність основних положень нормативно-правових актів щодо розвитку інклюзивної освіти в Україні. Запропоновано механізми державної політики у сфері інклюзивної освіти у вищій школі. Вказано на необхідність державного управління процесом оновлення системи освіти молоді з особливими освітніми потребами; введення інноваційих методик, психолого-педагогічного супроводу навчального процесу, нових комплексних програм професійної підготовки й найефективнішої та найоптимальнішої соціально-трудової адаптації. У якості мети державної політики щодо інклюзивної освіти визначено права інвалідів на рівний доступ до якісної вищої освіти, незалежно від їхнього здоров'я та місця проживання; розширення доступу до вищої освіти. Доведено, що державна політика у сфері вищої освіти (як важливий сегмент нової соціально-економічної політики) має формуватися з урахуванням усіх освітніх потреб учнів з особливими освітніми потребами; сприяти розвитку своїх здібностей, гарантувати рівність можливостей доступу до професійної та вищої освіти.

Topic: Educational Methods and Teacher Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences