jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of ABPM in Comparison to Clinical Blood Pressure Monitoring and their Association with Various Risk Factors Involved in CKD Predisposition in North Indian Patients

Introduction: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) has been found to be a more reliable method for diagnosing Hypertension (HTN) and stratifying cardiovascular risk than Continuous Blood Pressure (CBP) monitoring. Aim: To evaluate prognostic significance of ABPM in comparison to clinical Blood Pressure (BP) Monitoring and their association with various risk factors involved in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done in Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Routine laboratory tests were conducted for all patients. Casual Blood Pressure (BP) was obtained by a trained staff through a digital BP monitor (CITIZEN-CH-432) and Meditech ABPM-05 device was used for ABPM. Pearson's correlation method was used to analyse the relationship between the two continuous variables. Results: Present study included 400 patients of which 225 (56.25%) were male subjects, and mean age was 62 (Range21-76) years. Of the study population, 90 (22.5%) were CKD G1-2, 79 (19.75%) were CKD G3a, 96 (24%) were CKD G3b, and 135 (33.75%) were CKD G4. Among all the patients included in the study, the most common was normal BP (33.75%), sustained HTN (26.25%), White Coat Hypertension (WCH) (6.5%), and masked HTN (33.5%). When multiple logistic regression analyses were done, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), and BP data, night-time Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.025-1.067; p<0.001), and night-time Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was found (OR, 1.050; 95% CI, 1.013-1.075) to have an independent association with non/reverse-dippers. Conclusion: The ABPM has more prognostic significance when compared to office BP measurements in all kind of normotensive, hypertensive and CKD patients at all stages. ABPM measurements are often abnormal in CKD, with CKD patients frequently showing an altered circadian rhythm with an increased rate of non dipping and reverse dipping

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Politicization Effect of Wartime Service Provision on Public Opinion in FATA, Pakistan

This article explores who among the citizens in the former Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan is in favor of democratic reforms. Empirical analyses reveal that the government’s wartime service provision politicized citizens and framed their attitude toward the issues of FATA’s jurisdiction and the Frontier Crimes Regulation.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diagnosis of heart disease by using a radial basis function network classification technique on patients' medical records

Heart disease is defined as any abnormal heart condition, and it is prevalent in people today. Considering human body as one big system, many factors play role on this disease. Examining the body provides quite lot of data in many different ways, though understanding the signs in collected data about heart disease requires experience, knowledge, and time from physicians. Computer based expert systems are designed to reduce the burden on physicians by automation. One of the important components of expert systems is data classifiers, and in this paper, I present the use of Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFN) with a Gaussian function as data classifier for heart disease classification. The proposed method in the paper makes use of same training data after they are used for training to reduce false classifications which makes this project unique in itself. For development and testing, I utilized patient records from Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim in Saudi Arabia. This paper discusses the use of RBFN for the classification of heart diseases, and it proposes a model system that forms data collection, processing, storage, and usage procedures.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Prospects of Medical Tourism in Nagpur

Tourism industry at present is one of the most emerging industries in the world Post covid-19 lockdown situation, flourish of tourism industry is more than two times Apart from other aspects of tourism, medical Tourism / Health tourism is also an emerging tourism industry. Hence, present research paper emphasis on aspects of Medical Tourism. Medical Tourism involves movement of a person with an objective to have a better treatment at destination. For present research Nagpur city was selected as a study region. Nagpur being a centre of India is well connected with all four extreme corners of the country. The major objective of the present study was to explore factors responsible for development of Nagpur as a Medical Tourism hub and future prospects. The conceptual framework itself is a self explanatory showing major significant factors playing role in flourishing Nagpur city as a Medical Tourism destination. Findings of the study reveal that more than half of the respondents were aware about Medical Tourism. They are confident that in future Nagpur will emerge as a Medical Tourism centre. The connectivity, big quality hospitals, better treatment facilities, advanced instruments are the factors which are playing and in future will play a significant role in development of Medical Tourism in Nagpur city. Overall study depicts that Nagpur city is having all the potentialities for the flourish and development of Medical Tourism industry.

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Technic for the Detection of Left-to-Right Cardiac Shunts by Use of an Esophageal Geiger-Muller Tube

A new technic is described for the detection of left-to-right shunts. A miniature Geiger-Müller tube is placed in the esophagus behind the left atrium and positioned by the electrocardiogram. In this position the G-M tube measures radioactivity from the left atrium. Curves are then recorded simultaneously from the precordium, lung, and left atrium. Methods of injection, monitoring, and recording are presented that provide greater diagnostic accuracy over those external detector technics currently in use. Of 23 patients studied, 11 presented left-to-right shunts. Eight of these 11 patients were submitted to surgery; all were studied preoperatively and seven were studied postoperatively. Seven of the 11 shunts were detected by both precordial and esophageal technics. Four of the 11 shunts were missed by conventional precordial technics but were correctly diagnosed preoperatively by the esophageal detector. In addition, one shunt, which remained open postoperatively, was demonstrated clearly by the esophageal technic but was not indicated by the precordial curves. In no instance was the precordial curve positive for left-to-right shunt when the esophageal curve was negative. Although the accuracy of any radioisotope detection technic with external counting may not approach that of direct cardiac catheterization, this method, because of its relative simplicity and accuracy, is useful in the demonstration of left-to-right shunts both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intra- and intergroup interrelations of parameters of physical development structure and speed-strength fitness of highly skilled combat athletes

Background and Study Aim. The objective of this work is to study intra- and intergroup interrelations of parameters of physical development (PD) structure and speed-strength fitness (SSF) of highly skilled combat athletes. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on 44 highly skilled athletes aged 18–30 years, members of the national teams of Ukraine in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling, and judo. Most of them were students. In the course of studies, 39 PD and 11 physical fitness (PF) indices were recorded. Of the PD parameters, the circumferential (CBD) and transverse body dimensions, and skinfold (SF) thickness were registered, whereas of the PF parameters — indices of SSF and special work capacity of combat athletes. The methods of factor, correlation, regression, and canonical analysis were used to process and analyze the experimental material. Results. Statistical analysis revealed three key factors determining the general structure of PD and PF of combat athletes: 1) the factor of CBD; 2) the factor of SSF; 3) the factor of SF thickness and the total level of the fat component. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, multiple regression models characterizing the influence of the key PD and SSF indices on the level of special work capacity of combat athletes were developed. Canonical analysis of interrelations between the parameters of SSF and CBD revealed a high interdependence, indicating that the increase in the CBD of combat athletes contributes to the increase in their SSF and vice versa—the increase in SSF contributes to the increase in CBD. A moderate interdependence was disclosed between the parameters of SF and SSF, explaining the variability of a relatively small part of one group’s parameters when changing the parameters of the other group. The results of the interaction between SF and CBD indicate that the SF thickness indices show a low dependence on the changes in CBD, whereas the latter demonstrates a strong dependence on SF thickness. Conclusions. The key factors of the structure of PD and PF of combat athletes include CBD, SSF, and SF thickness. As a result of the canonical analysis: 1) the specificity of mutual influence and interrelations of the CBD, SSF, and SF indices was determined; 2) the key factors and indices determining the general variability (redundancy) of the parameters of each group under study were revealed; 3) strong, moderate, and weak intra- and intergroup paired interrelations of the CBD, SF thickness, and SSF indices were disclosed. The strongest intra-group interrelations are manifested between the CBD indices, whereas the strongest inter-group interrelations are between the CBD and SF thickness indices.

Topic: Physical Education and Training Studies
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Tris(thioimidazolyl)borate-Zinc-Thiolate Complexes for the Modeling of Biological Thiolate Alkylations

The S3Zn-SR coordination of thiolate-alkylating enzymes such as the Ada DNA repair protein was reproduced in tris(thioimidazolyl)borate-zinc-thiolate complexes Tti(R)Zn-SR'. Four different Tti(R) ligands and nine different thiolates were employed, yielding a total of 12 new complexes. In addition, one Tti(R)Zn-SH complex and two thiolate-bridged [Tti(R)-SEt-Tti(R)]+ complexes were obtained. A selection of six thiolate complexes was converted with methyl iodide to the corresponding methyl thioethers and Tti(R)Zn-I. According to a kinetic analysis these reactions are second-order processes, which implies that the alkylations are likely to occur at the zinc-bound thiolates. They are much faster than the alkylations of zinc thiolates with N3 or N2S tripod ligands. The most reactive thiolate, Tti(Xyl)Zn-SEt, reacts slowly with trimethyl phosphate in a nonpolar medium at room temperature, yielding methyl-ethyl-thioether and Tti(Xyl)Zn-OPO(OMe)2 which can be converted back to the thiolate complex with NaSEt. This is the closest reproduction of the Ada repair process so far.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Hydration and Structure of Adsorbed Water on Clay Minerals.

The hydration, time-averaged and dynamic structures of adsorbed water on clay minerals have been reviewed to clarify the nature of clay hydration and the difference in structure between adsorbed and free water. Hydration of the clay minerals involves three kinds of water adsorption on the surface in interlamellar, intraaggregate and interaggregate pore spaces. The hydration mechanism and factors influencing hydration are quite different in these hydration modes. Water molecules in the clay interlayers have statistically and dynamically a more rigid structure than that in bulk liquid water. Especially, the thermal motion of water bound to divalent cations is restricted and similar to that of normal ice (Ih).

Topic: NMR spectroscopy and applications
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A survey of China's birth control among women of child-bearing age.

To further implement China's family planning policy of "prevention first, birth control first," a study of the current family planning situation was conducted. A survey of the birth control methods employed by women of childbearing age and by men was based on a nationwide randomized sampling of 1/1000. In the different age groups, ranging from 15-49 years old, IUD users accounted for over 50%, tubal sterilization 25%, and vasectomy 10%. The main IUD users were women in the 20-24 age group. Tubal sterilization was more prevalent among the women in the 35-39 age group. The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) was more common among younger women but accounted for less than 10% of the total. The survey was based on the replies to questionnaires from 172,788 married women of childbearing age; 120,022 of them practiced contraceptive methods for a birth control rate of 69.46%. The breakdown was as follows: IUD, 34.84%; tubal sterilization, 17.63%; vasectomy, 6.94%; OCs, 5.86%; condom users, 1.39%; and other methods (including chemical suppositories, rhythm, or safe period method and withdrawal before ejaculation), 2.78%. There was a higher percentage of OC users in urban areas, and a marked preference for IUDs in the rural communities. The rural birth control rate was 68.58%; the urban rate was 74.17%. The use of the IUD has priority in all the areas; its percentage approaches the national average level. The use of vasectomy as a birth control method varies considerably according to area as does the use of OCs, condom, and tubal sterilization. Rural minority groups prefer the IUD and OCs; tubal sterilization, the condom, and vasectomy are preferred by the Han nationality. The birth control rate differed according to the different occoupation groups: 77.85%, workers; 76.01%, farmers; 85.15%, cadres; 59.52%, housewives; and 66.67%, others. The birth control rate was higher among those who received a college education than the illiterates, but statistics did not show a significant difference in the rate of those with a high school education and the illiterates. Mothers of 0-1 children generally preferred OCs; tubal sterilization was preferred by mothers with 2-3 children. The nonusers of contraception accounted for 30.54% among married women of childbearing age. A breakdown gives the following figures: menopause and infertility, 6.17%; divorced and widowed, 1.64%; planned parenthood, 10.51%; nonusers who should have practiced contraception, 12.22%. On a national level, the estimated number of nonusers of contraception among those who should be practicing contraception comes to about 20,000,000 women.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ATTACK IN PIGEONS DURING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT OF KEY PECKING<sup>1</sup>

Key‐peck responses of two pigeons were maintained on variable‐interval schedules of food reinforcement in the presence of a stuffed pigeon to study the characteristics of attack induced by that schedule. The mean interval of the schedule was increased from 15 sec to 600 sec in eight steps before an intermediate interval was reintroduced. The principal characteristics of attack were: (1) substantial attack first occurred on a variable‐interval schedule of 90 sec in one pigeon and at 180 sec in the other, (2) the highest attack rates occurred on variable‐interval schedules of 300 sec and 600 sec, (3) attack rate generally increased to a maximum and then decreased to a lower level across sessions at each schedule, (4) attacks developed a postreinforcement locus across the initial sessions on all schedules and, except on variable‐interval schedules of 300 and 600 sec, occurred primarily in the postreinforcement period during extended training, (5) attack rates and key‐peck rates were not recovered when the intermediate‐length schedules were reintroduced, and (6) attack rate and key‐peck rates were negatively correlated. Except for the fact that the maximum attack rates occurred at interfood intervals of 300 and 600 sec, and that attack and key‐peck rates were negatively correlated, these findings have counterparts in experiments with other reinforcement schedules.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
External Negative Pressure Dressing System(ENDPS) VS. Traditional Wound Dressing for Cesarean Section Incision in Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

What is already known on this subject? AND What does this study add? Obesity is associated with increased cesarean section delivery rates and surgical site wound complication with associated increased post-operative morbidity, post-operative pain and length of hospital stay. What does this study add? Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) technology could be used as a prophylactic measure to reduce surgical site wound complications in obese women undergoing cesarean section by immediate postoperative application in clean-contaminated, closed surgical incisions.

Topic: Surgical site infection prevention
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assembled transcriptomes of ovary, testis, and brain (male and female) of Amphibolurus muricatus (jacky dragon) generated using Trinity v2.11.0

<strong><em>A. muricatus</em> transcriptome assemblies generated using Trinity v2.11.0 (Haas et al. 2013; Grabherr et al. 2011; Henschel et al. 2012)</strong><br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_brain.fa.tar.gz: Combined Trinity assembly of <em>A. muricatus</em> brain (male and female).<br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_combined.fa.tar.gz: Combined Trinity assembly of <em>A. muricatus</em> ovary, testis, and brain (male and female).<br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_female_brain.fa.tar.gz: Trinity assembly of female <em>A. muricatus</em> brain.<br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_male_brain.fa.tar.gz: Trinity assembly of male <em>A. muricatus</em> brain.<br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_ovary.fa.tar.gz: Trinity assembly of <em>A. muricatus</em> ovary.<br> • Amphibolurus-muricatus_testis.fa.tar.gz: Trinity assembly of <em>A. muricatus</em> testis. <strong>References</strong> Grabherr, M.G., B.J. Haas, M. Yassour, J.Z. Levin, D.A. Thompson et al., 2011 Full-length transcriptome assembly from RNA-Seq data without a reference genome. Nat Biotechnol 29 (7):644-652. Haas, B.J., A. Papanicolaou, M. Yassour, M. Grabherr, P.D. Blood et al., 2013 De novo transcript sequence reconstruction from RNA-seq using the Trinity platform for reference generation and analysis. Nat Protoc 8 (8):1494-1512. Henschel, R., M. Lieber, L.-S. Wu, P.M. Nista, B.J. Haas et al., 2012 Trinity RNA-Seq assembler performance optimization, pp. 45 in Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the eXtreme to the campus and beyond. Association for Computing Machinery, Chicag, IL, USA.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Myopathy and polyneuropathy caused by colchicine].

A forty-six year old man with chronic renal failure and a toxic chronic liver disease developed progressive muscle weakness after a long trial with colchicine. Physical exam revealed muscle weakness and proximal muscle atrophy with hyporeflexia. Serum levels of creatine kinase were high and signs of myopathy and axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy was evidenced in electrophysiological studies. Muscle biopsy disclosed a vacuolar myopathy, disruption of myofibers and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The clinical pictures was attributed to a toxic myopathy and polyneuropathy due to colchicine, thus this treatment was discontinued. Four week later, the patient was symptom free, the levels of seric creatine kinase were normal and a new muscle biopsy was normal, with disappearance of previous histological findings.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Churchland's Metamers

Paul Churchland proposed a conceptual framework for translating reflectance profiles into a space he takes to be the color qualia space. It allows him to determine color metamers of spectral surface reflectances without reference to the characteristics of visual systems, claiming that the reflectance classes that it specifies correspond to visually determined metamers. We advance several objections to his method, show that a significant number of reflectance profiles are not placed into the space in agreement with the qualia solid, and produce two sets of counterexamples to his claim for metamers. &lt;l type="ord"&gt;&lt;li&gt; Introduction &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Preliminary Explanations and Objections &lt;l type="tab"&gt;&lt;li&gt; 2.1 Color spaces and solids &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; 2.2 Visual metamers &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; 2.3 Matching and appearance &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; 2.4 Effect of light on appearance of objects &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/l&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Churchland's ‘Canonical Approximation’ Hypothesis &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Does the CA Cylinder House SSRs in Agreement with the Perceptual Color Solid? &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Two Sets of Metameric Counterexamples &lt;l type="tab"&gt;&lt;li&gt; 5.1 Three metameric grays &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; 5.2 Three metameric yellows &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/l&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Birds, Bees, and Anthropocentrism Redux &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/l&gt;

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
An inquiline fig wasp using seeds as a resource for small male production: a potential first step for the evolution of new feeding habits?

The processes allowing evolutionary transitions in resources used by parasitic wasps are largely unknown. Microhymenopteran communities associated with figs could provide a model system to investigate such transitions. We investigate here a species of genus Idarnes. The larvae generally develop as inquilines of the pollinating wasp larvae. However, in figs where the parasitic pressure is high, eggs are laid in developing seeds. These eggs turn into small males. This is the first report of seed consumption by a fig wasp. Using an alternative resource to produce small males could provide a pathway to select for increased ability to use this resource and hence provide an intermediate step for evolving the capacity to use new resources.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences