jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium. Regulation of mgtA and mgtB expression.

Salmonella typhimurium contains three distinct transport systems (CorA, MgtA, and MgtB) that move Mg2+ across the cytoplasmic membrane. Mutant strains containing only one of these three systems have been constructed and used to study each system in isolation. Characterization of these systems has been hampered, however, by the need to use 28Mg2+, a relatively unavailable, extremely expensive, and short lived radioisotope. This paper reports that 63Ni2+ is transported into the cell by all three of the S typhimurium Mg2+ transport systems. In a strain deficient in all three systems, uptake of 63Ni2+ was undetectable under the conditions used. Comparison of 63Ni2+ uptake kinetics and inhibition of 63Ni2+ transport by other divalent cations suggest that Ni2+ can be used as an analog of Mg2+ in the study of these three transport systems. Using 63Ni2+ to measure uptake, the effect of Mg2+ levels in the growth medium on transport by each system was tested. Transport by the CorA system was unaffected by changes in the amount of Mg2+ in the growth medium. In contrast, uptake via MgtA and MgtB was significantly increased in cells grown in 10 microM extracellular Mg2+ compared to cells grown in 10 mM Mg2+. The increases in uptake were the result of increases in Vmax without change in Km. This result suggests that, in low Mg2+ medium, cells contained higher levels of the transporters. Production of beta-galactosidase from mgtA::lacZ and mgtB::lacZ but not corA::lacZ fusions was also increased when cells were grown in low extracellular concentrations of Mg2+ indicating that the regulation occurs at the level of transcription. Expression of beta-galactosidase was also inhibited by the addition of other divalent cations including Ca2+ and Mn2+. Regulation of transcription from the mgtA and mgtB promoters was similar over the range of extracellular Mg2+ concentrations from 10 microM to 10 mM. At 1 microM, however, transcription from the mgtB promoter, as measured by beta-galactosidase levels in a mgtB::lacZ transcriptional fusion strain, was increased over 800-fold, and Ca2+ could no longer inhibit transcription effectively. In contrast, growth at 1 microM extracellular Mg2+ increased transcription from the mgtA promoter only about 30-fold and Ca2+ could still inhibit this increase. These results suggest that at least two distinct mechanisms are responsible for regulation of the mgtA and mgtB transcription in response to extracellular cation concentration.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECTS OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA AND OZONE THERAPY ON PAIN AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE TRIAL

Objective: There are many methods for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, especially among conservative treatments, intra articular injection methods have not been shown to be superior to each other. In our study, we compared the effects of ozone therapy and platelet-rich plasma on pain and functionality. Material and Methods: This retrospective clinical study included patients aged 30-70 years who received ozone and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Both groups received 3 sessions of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection. The demographic characteristics of the patients, such as age and gender, were recorded. Pain was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS) before and 3 months after treatment, functionality with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and quality of life with the Short Form-12 (SF-12). Results: The mean age of the 54 patients included in the study was 58.53±8.25 years. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, pre-treatment NRS, WOMAC, and SF-12 values. There were significant differences in the NRS, WOMAC, and SF-12 values in both ozone and PRP groups after treatment compared to before treatment. However, this difference was not found to be significant between the groups. Conclusion: Both PRP and ozone therapy are effective short term treatments for KOA. There is no evidence that one is more effective than the other.

Topic: Medical and Biological Ozone Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hierarchical, multi‐grain rendezvous site selection by wolves in southern Italy

ABSTRACT Fine‐scale knowledge of how anthropogenic effects may alter habitat selection by wolves ( Canis lupus ) is important to inform conservation management, especially where wolf populations are expanding into more populated areas or where human activity and development are increasingly encroaching on formerly pristine environments. From 1999 to 2003, we documented rendezvous sites ( n = 31) used by wolves ( n = 6 packs) in a previously unstudied wolf population in the southern Apennines, Italy (Pollino National Park [PNP]), where conditions are ideal to unveil behavioral adaptations of wolves living in human‐dominated landscapes. We adopted a hierarchical, multi‐scale habitat selection approach by using a set of environmental, topographic, and anthropogenic factors within multi‐grain resource selection functions (MRSFs) at the landscape and the territory extent. Habitat selection by wolves was scale‐dependent and different habitat components affected wolves at different grains. When establishing a territory at the landscape scale, wolves avoided areas featuring high densities of humans, paved roads, and trails, and they preferentially located territories where higher forest cover and rough terrain enhanced concealment and ensured reduced accessibility by humans. Concurrently, wolves also selected open areas and, at coarse grain, areas of high density of dirt roads and trails to enhance hunting and traveling efficiency. When selecting rendezvous sites within territories, wolves still selected for forest cover and lessened avoidance of anthropogenic features apparent at the lower order of selection. When choosing rendezvous sites, wolves also avoided low‐use anthropogenic linear features and rough terrain, unveiling trade‐offs in selection decisions across different spatial and temporal scales. Our results reinforce the notion that occurrence of wolves in human‐modified landscapes is shaped by avoidance of anthropogenic pressure, but they also indicate that rendezvous site selection by wolves conform to a hierarchical decision‐making process that is extent‐ and grain‐dependent. Spatially explicit models of rendezvous site selection such as the one we developed for PNP enhance management effectiveness for strategies such as regulating human access and activity during the pup rearing seasons, preventing human persecution, mitigating livestock depredations, and designing cost‐effective monitoring programs. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review and Progresses in Studies of Emergency Planning Zones in IAEA

Emergency planning zone(EPZ)should be established around the nuclear facility in advance to ensure that the effective protective actions would be taken promptly for the public and environment in case of nuclear accident.The IAEA evolution of EPZ and the characteristic of PAZ and UPZ were introduced systematically.The new development of IAEA EPZ after Fukushima nuclear accident was elaborated and the PAZ and UPZ change of nuclear facility of threat category I was analyzed.The implication was summarized as references to improve nuclear emergency work in China.

Topic: Safety and Risk Management
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Table_4_Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined With Chemotherapy Compared With Chemotherapy Alone for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.doc

Background&lt;p&gt;It is still controversial whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve the curative effect when added to original standard chemotherapy treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We compared their antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) to make a better clinical decision.&lt;/p&gt;Methods&lt;p&gt;Seven databases were searched for eligible articles. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and AEs were measured as the primary outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Results&lt;p&gt;Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4,501 patients were included. ICI+chemotherapy treatment achieved better PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, [0.70–0.86], p &lt; 0.00001), OS (HR: 0.86, [0.74–0.99], p = 0.04), and complete response (584/1,106 vs. 341/825, risk ratio [RR]: 1.38, [1.01–1.89], p = 0.04). With the prolongation of survival, the survival advantage of ICI+chemotherapy increased compared with chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis suggested that the addition of ICIs might not have a better effect in Asian patients, patients with locally advanced disease, or patients with brain metastases. In the toxicity analysis, more Grade 3–5 AEs and serious AEs were found in the ICI+chemotherapy group. For Grade 3–5 AEs, more cases of diarrhea, severe skin reactions, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and adrenal insufficiency were related to the ICI+chemotherapy group.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions&lt;p&gt;ICI+chemotherapy appears to be better than chemotherapy alone for TNBC treatment, with better OS and PFS. However, its high rates of serious AEs need to be taken seriously.&lt;/p&gt;Systematic Review Registration&lt;p&gt;PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021276394.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Femtosecond photon echo in dye-doped polymer film at liquid nitrogen temperature

The first observation is reported of the primary femtosecond photon echo at a liquid nitrogen temperature in a dye-doped polymer film at a wavelength of 780 nm. Echo signals were generated by pulses with the duration of 130 fs. The echo signal decay can not be described by a simple exponential function. There is a fast decay region below 250-300 fs and a slow decay region at longer time intervals. There were also detected signals of the self-diffraction of exciting pulses on a nonequilibrium population difference grating, induced in resonant medium by these pulses.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Michel Foucault: Subjectivity and Ethics of the Self as Practice of Freedom

This article presents the thoughts of Michel Foucault, a cultural historian, philosopher, and intellectual, who brilliantly analyses the historical events of the past as creative criticisms for shaping human attitudes today. Through this historical analysis, Foucault examines the ways in which subjects were formed from classical times to the present. Foucault sees how this process takes a long time, starting from the subject as formed through various discourses to the subject as forming itself. To arrive at the latter, Foucault brings his readers to the classical Greco-Roman era to see how humans live their freedom and responsibilities. He also shows them various practices of the self through meditation and inner examination, as well as the practice of telling the truth (parrhesia) to oneself and to others. All this in the era was known as ethics and also seen as a practice of freedom. For Foucault, life must always be seen as a work of art that requires the attention of the artist from time to time in order to arrive at an art level considered useful and valuable to many people. Foucault calls this an aesthetic of existence, where life is not merely seen as something given, but also that must always be fought for creatively from day to day. Life must be seen as an unstable condition in which there are always cracks, therefore it has to be fixed from time to time. This is what Foucault calls a model of human existence.

Topic: Foucault, Power, and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fermionic Casimir interaction in cylinder-plate and cylinder-cylinder geometries

In this work, we consider the Casimir effect due to massless fermionic fields in the presence of long cylinders. More precisely, we consider the interaction between a cylinder parallel to a plate, between two parallel cylinders outside each other, and between a cylinder lying parallelly inside another cylinder. We derive the explicit formulas for the Casimir interaction energies and compute the leading and the next-to-leading order terms of the small separation asymptotic expansions. As expected, the leading order terms coincide with the proximity force approximations. We compare the results of the next-to-leading order terms of different quantum fields, and show that our results support the ansatz of derivative expansions.

Topic: Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis and research on the bearing capacity of thin-walled cabin section made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aerospace field puts forward high requirements for aircraft bearing capacity and lightweight. This paper takes a thin-walled cabin structure suitable for small aircraft as the research object, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to model and simulate the thin-walled reinforced compartment. The thin-walled compartments of composite materials (CFRP) and metal materials are modeled separately using shell cells. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-walled cabin and metal thin-walled cabin under the same loading mode are compared by using the nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis method. The results show that after the buckling of CFRP thin-walled cabin structure, the displacement support reaction curve has an upward trend, the structure enters the secondary bearing stage, the bearing capacity decreases not significantly or even increases, while the bearing capacity curve of metal thin-walled cabin decreases significantly after the buckling deformation; The mass of CFRP thin-walled cabin is 86.48% of that of aluminum alloy thin-walled cabin, but the bearing capacity increases by 194.42%.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Labor and Political Socialization: Essential Workers and Government Attitudes

The experiences of immigrant workers during the Coronavirus pandemic present an opportunity to improve current understandings of how labor and nativity shape political socialization. As “essential workers,” many women from immigrant communities experienced significant shifts in the demands and context of their paid and unpaid labor. These shifts were repeatedly and explicitly linked to the decisions of elected officials in the media. We examine whether the connection between high salience changes in daily life during the pandemic and the workings of government altered the attitudes of women and men from these communities towards politics and government. This analysis accounts for intersectional differences in socialization and attitude formation by considering how socialization processes may be different due to overlapping processes linked to race, gender, nativity and labor.

Topic: Leprosy Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving the Care Pathway for Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive life-limiting interstitial lung disease. The median survival from diagnosis is just three years and the clinical course of the disease is highly variable. Due to the short course of this condition, early diagnosis and intervention is vital to improve patient outcomes and quality of care. Management of IPF is multi-factorial and requires the introduction of a standardised IPF care pathway and service to improve patient care. Increasing all hospital clinical staff awareness and improving non-respiratory staff education about IPF should increase referrals to this new service. The Lean Six Sigma model DMAIC was used to formulate a quality improvement (QI) project plan to improve IPF quality care. QI tools including stakeholder analysis, driver diagrams, fishbone diagram and process flow maps were utilised. Data was collected displaying gaps in the current management of IPF patients. A specialist IPF consultant-led service was proposed and piloted to determine the efficiency of the project plan. A number of initiatives were proposed to improve staff awareness and increase IPF service referrals. Staff education sessions, drafting an IPF poster with clinic details and advertising IPF details on numerous forums were among the methods of implementing staff awareness. This QI should positively affect the quality of care provided to IPF patients and improve patient outcomes. Increasing staff awareness of IPF should also allow IPF to be diagnosed at an earlier time. IPF patients are a complex cohort of patients who require specialist care and intervention. The DMAIC model allowed the author to define the problem, set goals and decide on QI tools.

Topic: Mining and Industrial Processes
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Distinct Business Strategy for Bali Baliku Villa

This study would discuss the re-formulation of Bali Baliku Villa's Business Strategy. Located in Jimbaran, Bali Baliku Villa as a new villa had suffered from the bombing attacks that occurred in Bali in 2002 and 2005, which results in low occupancy rates. Bali Baliku has put its beach-front location as its key attraction factor, however, the villa is lacking in distinctive competencies, since nearby competitors also claim to offer beach locations and similar facilities. In this study, the group planned to develop a sound business strategy for Bali Baliku Villa to counter its current problems as well as to assure its sustainability in the future. This strategy was formulated by firstly assessing the current management perception of Bali Baliku Villa and its competitors. Next, the group analyzed the consumers needs and market trends. Lastly, the group formulated with both short and long term strategies by considering Bali Baliku's strengths and weaknesses, and identifying the threats and opportunities in the market.. 

In the Short Term Strategy, the group proposed 3 solutions The first solution is to exploit a neighborhood environment, which includes partnerships with local cafes and the sponsoring events within the Jimbaran area in exchange for the villa's exposure / publications. , particularly China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Russia These markets were proposed after considering their socio-economic situations and their increasing interest in Bali's tourism. Fastly, we proposed to use e-Marketing to accompany Direct Sales Effon Features that are essential in this e-Marketing are Website design and Optimization, Electronic Customer relationship Management, Consumer Generated Media, and Best Rate Guarantee via on-line booking

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Table S2 from New Insights Into Platelet-enriched miRNAs: Production, Functions, Roles in Tumors, and Potential Targets for Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment

&lt;p&gt;Overview of platelet miRNAs and their functions within platelets.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
11 Emergent Serialization in English: Pragmatics and Typology

Abstract This chapter examines the take NP and construction to show how a close study of the distribution of a construction in discourse leads to a view of grammar as something fluid and unstable, that is, as emergent from, and inseparable from, its discourse environment. Verb serialization, in this view, would then be one part of an entire range of possible uses of the first verb, some of which have become grammaticalized, and which are in turn part of a general process whereby a word with a wide range of meanings projects subsequent stretches of discourse, ‘captures’ them, and hauls them into its scope. Verb serialization is thus, to the extent that it is not a borrowed feature, an emergent process.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY OF THE FRICTION PROPERTIES FOR A <font>Ge</font> TIP–SURFACE SYSTEM

The friction between a Ge tip and its (001)-(2 × 1) reconstructed surface is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It is found that when the tip and the substrate approach each other closely enough, a wear occurs under slip-stick way. At the same time, it is also found that a permanent damage occurs when the tip advances perpendicularly to the dimer rows of the surface, while such damage is not observed when the tip moves parallelly to the dimer rows. This is different from the friction phenomena on a macroscopic scale. At the microscopic level, the resulting atomic configuration and the properties of friction force vs. sliding distance depend strongly on a sliding direction.

Topic: Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cyberstalking: a case study of serial harassment in the UK

This paper presents the first academic case study of a UK cyberstalking incident that involved an individual known to have harassed at least four victims. The case study describes how the harasser selected victims, his use of technology to gather confidential information about them and his use of multiple personalities as part of the process of harassment. The discussion section of the paper raises a broad range of issues, including whether the case represents a genuine cyberstalking incident, how technology was used to assist the harasser's activities and how the harasser attempted to avoid detection.

Topic: Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The new trend for digital record management in Bangladesh University Libraries

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the present practicing situation of DRM in the university libraries of Bangladesh. The more particular objectives are: to identify the present preservation scenario of DRM; to find out the problems of DRM which are facing archivists for long term preservation; to identify the necessary tools and technologies for DRM; to explore the ways to overcome the existing problems.\nDesign/Methodology/Approach: Survey methods were used for gathering data using a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to the respondents of some selected public and private universities in Bangladesh.\nFindings: The findings revealed that there are some hindrances to practice DRM, such as lack of stable preservation software, shortage of skilled IT personnel, allocation of insufficient budget, shortage of digital records, lack of proper training of library professionals and provided some suitable suggestions such allocation of adequate fund, infrastructure development, recruitment of IT knowledgeable professionals, the simplicity of the intellectual property act, the willingness of authority regarding the implementation of DRM, frequently training arrangements for library professionals for the advancement of DH in the university libraries of Bangladesh.\n6. Originality/value: The insights and views of the respondents regarding DRM tools and technologies obtained from this study are original and unique.

Topic: Digital and Traditional Archives Management
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences