jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One-Step Synthesis of Polyethylenimine-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Demulsification Performance in Surfactant-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsion

In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesized via a one-step, solvo-thermal method. The synthetic PEI-coated MNPs were characterized by using multiple techniques and their demulsification efficiencies were evaluated in surfactant-stabilized, oil-in-water emulsions. The results showed that the synthesized MNPs successfully adsorbed to the emulsion's O/W interfaces and, consequently, the oil droplets could be rapidly destabilized under an applied magnetic field. It was found that the demulsification efficiency was enhanced with the increased particle dosage. The opposite effect was found with the increase in pH value and surfactant concentration. The presence of electrolytes facilitated oil removal, presumably by reduction of the electrostatic repulsion or by altering the hydrophobicity of the MNPs. Recovery experiments at various pH levels indicated that the PEI-coated MNPs could be reused for up to ten times without significant reduction in demulsification efficiency. Altogether, the results suggested that the PEI-coated MNPs could provide a simple but powerful tool to remove emulsified oil from aqueous systems.

Topic: Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
FIGURES 9–19 in Review of the aphid genus Aspidophorodon Verma, 1967 with descriptions of three new species from China (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae)

FIGURES 9–19. Aspidophorodon (Aspidophorodon) cornuatus Qiao sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: 9. dorsal view of body; 10. dorsal view of head; 11. antenna; 12. ultimate rostral segment; 13. marginal process on pronotum; 14. marginal processes on meso- and metanotum and abdominal tergites I–IV; 15. irregular polygonal reticulations on abdominal dorsum; 16. siphunculus; 17. cauda; 18. anal plate; 19. genital plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

Topic: Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development, Field Experience, and Application of a New High Reliability Hydraulically Powered Downhole Pumping System

ABSTRACT Expansion of secondary oil recovery operations both offshore and onshore and geothermal energy recovery has led to an increasing requirement for artificial lift systems. A large proportion of these systems incorporate submersible pumpsets downhole either for pumping of oil or for the lifting of water from subterranean aquifers. Many of these applications are characterised by the requirement for high horsepower installed downhole and/or, particularly offshore, installation of the pumpsets in highly deviated wells, and/or high temperature. For these applications, experience has shown that the technical difficulties encountered in the extrapolation of existing submersible electric motor pump technology are severe resulting in poor service reliability and high maintainance cost. The authors describe the concepts incorporated, to overcome these difficulties, in an entirely new patented hydraulically powered downhole pumpset which has been developed with support from two large oil companies and the U.K. Department of Energy. Laboratory test and field operating experience is discussed in relation to reliability objectives. The paper reviews the range of applications for the new hydraulic drive concept in relation to existing offshore and onshore technology and also reviews the types of system and completion which will take full advantage of the features of this new concept.

Topic: Oil and Gas Production Techniques
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Life Practice:Consumer Culture Logic of New-generation Migrant Workers

Consumer culture expresses a certain value of people's daily life.Through the empirical investigating of the new-generation migrant workers,this paper found out that in the practice of the flowing consumer space,consumer culture of the new-generation migrant workers has the close trend toward the city consumer culture and also cannot be combined with the urban consumer culture due to the effect of rural traditional customs and value standard and its modern construction is a long-term process,which can be completed through the reconstruction in the city spatial practical significance of the newgeneration migrant workers.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1570520: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Développement d'un outil pour la modélisation du risque ESST dans les filières viandes et co-produits, pour l'aide à la décision en matière de réglementation et de prévention : rapport de recherche

To reduce the risk of transfer of bovine spongiform encephalopathy infectivity to man and cattle, specified risk material have been excluded from entering the food chain. A stochastic model has been developed to compute a risk level taking into account the technical features of the process as well as the characteristics of the risk management system. The model computes flows of products - especially those of tissues which potentially carry BSE infectivity. Software including a man-machine interface for the designing of models and a tree computation algorithm allows a number of applications such as comparing scenarios or ranking the preventive measures according to their efficiency in risk reduction. These applications are illustrated using to particular models : i) the slaughtering process, ii) the collection, rendering and eventually destruction of wastes. Then the possibility of combining these two models in order to characterise the risk along the all slaughtering and waste processing chain is demonstrated. / Pour réduire le risque de transmission de l'encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine à l'homme et à l'animal, les matières à risques sont retirées de la chaîne alimentaire. Un modèle stochastique a été développé afin d'apprécier ce risque en tenant compte des défaillances possibles du système de retrait ainsi que des caractéristiques techniques du procédé. Ce modèle calcule les flux de matières -et donc en particulier des tissus potentiellement vecteurs de l'agent de l'ESB- au cours des procédés de transformation de la filière viande et des filières des co-produits. Une maquette logicielle, composée d'une interface de création du modèle de filière associée à un algorithme de parcours d'arbre, permet plusieurs applications de la méthode : comparaison de scénarios, hiérarchisation des mesures de maîtrise du risque. Elles sont illustrées dans le rapport grâce à deux modèles : celui du procédé d'abattage et celui de la collecte et de la transformation des déchets. On montre ensuite comment les résultats obtenus sur ces deux modèles partiels peuvent être combinés pour aboutir à une caractérisation globale du risque.

Topic: Food Supply Chain Traceability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of the Morphological Characteristics of Cattle on Slaughter Areas in the North of Ivory Coast

This study was carried out in the slaughter areas of the city of Napiéin order to evaluate the morphological characteristics and condition of cattle carcasses. To achieve this, different parameters were determined on the cattle admitted to slaughter. Thus, the sex and breed was determined by visual observation, the body condition score and the condition of the carcasses (state of fattening, conformation, coloring, carcass weight and yield) were assessed according to rating grids. Concerning live weight and carcass weight, they were estimated respectively using a Livestock Weight Measuring Tape and scale. The results showed that the cattle most slaughtered in the slaughter areas of Napie were taurines with 86.06% of the numbers slaughtered, the majority of which (68.92%) had an age between [4; 8 years]. The average body condition score of Zebu cattle (4.07 ± 0.47), the average live weight (255.08 ± 87.94 kg) was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.005) than those of Taurine cattle (3, 24 ± 1.56 for body condition score and 175.76 ± 44.50 kg for live weight). Taurine males also had an average live weight (217.68 ± 40.11 kg) significantly smaller than that of Zebus (133.84 ± 26.55. In view of these values, it appears that the animals slaughtered in the slaughter areas of the city of Napié have high quality carcasses. However, a study carried out throughout the year will confirm these results.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supporting interoperability to heterogeneous IDS in secure networking framework

On 22 October 2002, ICANN, the Internet's main governing body, acknowledged that a massive distributed denial-of-service attack briefly shut down seven of the 13 central Domain Name Services servers that manage Internet traffic worldwide. Prompt action by DNS server operators minimized the duration and impact of the attack, which had little effect on overall Internet performance. Intrusion detection systems are researched and developed to detect attacks from outside world since 1980. Intrusion detection systems create an alert data or log data when detect an intrusion. But Many IDS uses heterogeneous data set, so these data must be mapped to another format. IDWG in IETF proposed IDMEF. This paper designs an alert data format compatible IDMEF. The secure networking framework is consisted of SGS and CPCS. SGS acts as an intrusion detection system on edge of network ingress point, and CPCS acts as a higher-level server. SGS makes an alert data compatible IDMEF and sends it to CPCS. CPCS parses an IDMEF alert data and makes an alert object for using correlation analysis. SGS can see its area only, but CPCS can see wide network area. CPCS can detect more complex attacks as well as support integrated management through cooperating each other. In the view of alert processing we converted raw alert data to Ladon-alert data to support interoperability. We use IDMEF-compatible alert datat structure. We have designed and developed integrated IDS on gateway, and security control server on higher-level class. Then this framework offers cooperative intrusion detection, policy based controlling.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Earlier Mobilisation on Critically Ill Patients

Introduction: An intensive care unit (ICU) provides patients with advanced life support, where they stay from hours to months to stabilise and survive.Early mobilisation has proven to be a safe and viable technique that provides hemodynamic benefits, avoids the effects of immobility and contributes to the best physical and functional outcomes for patients.Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the importance of early mobilisation (EM) in critically ill patients.Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature by mobilizing the descriptors: "Critical patient", "Early mobilisation" and "Nursing ".Were selected databases imaginable, between 2014-2020, included for analysis seven articles.Results and Discussion: Results and discussion: In most studies it was found that the general form, this practice provides increased muscle strength, increased maximum inspiratory pressure, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, shorter hospital stay and better quality of life.The seven studies identified recognized the importance of early mobilization as it can facilitate the functional rehabilitation of these patients by promoting increased muscle strength and greater participation in daily activities, but some studies also identified challenges that need to be addressed.Conclusion: Early mobilization contributes to improve the patient's functional capacity and quality of life, both in the hospital environment and in the post-discharge period.It has been shown that patients who are mobilized early in a safe and practical manner have advantages in the face of the disease.This behavior helps to reduce muscle weakness acquired through immobility in bed and enables faster functional recovery, shorter weaning and shorter hospital and intensive care stays.

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of varying reinforcement schedule, reward current, and pretrial priming stimulation on discrete-trial performance for brain stimulation reward

The present study determined the effects of independently varying the reward current, the fixed ratio reinforcement schedule, and the amount of pretrial priming stimulation on reward summation functions collected in a discrete-trial self-stimulation paradigm. Rats were trained to respond eight times to receive a single train of brain-stimulation reward following the pretrial delivery of 10 trains of priming stimulation. The number of pulses in the reward train was decreased after every 12 trials, and reward summation functions were derived, relating response speed to reward strength. These reward summation functions were shifted laterally by varying the reward current or the fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule. In contrast, decreasing the priming yielded a transient decrease in the asymptotic response speeds and failed to produce enduring lateral shifts in the reward summation functions. Thus, the effects of changing the reinforcement schedule were not likely due to changes in priming. Rather, the schedule of reinforcement appeared to interact with the neural signal produced by the rewarding stimulation to determine the magnitude of the rewarding effect.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Osseous Changes in Hyperparathyroidism Associated with Parathyroid Tumor: A Roentgenologic Study

ERDHEIM first pointed out the significance of the parathyroid glands in relation to metabolism of calcium in the skeletal system. His observations of more or less marked increase in the parenchyma of the parathyroid glands in osteomalacia have since been confirmed by many observers, although his interpretation of this change as a form of compensatory hypertrophy has led to much discussion. Verbitz, Langhans, and Kocher, in 1907, all reported association with a parathyroid tumor of multiple brown tumors of bone. Strada, in 1909, observed a woman, aged 54 years, with osteomalacia who had hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. In three cases of senile osteomalacia, however, Strada observed that the parathyroid glands were normal. Bauer, in 1911, and Todyo, in 1912, found hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands in cases of osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Molineus, in 1913, found hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands accompanying three cases of osteomalacia with multiple brown tumors of the bone, multiple fractures, and infractions. In the same year, Paltauf and Askanazy reported a case of parathyroid tumor associated with osteitis fibrosa, multiple brown tumors of bone, and formation of cysts. Schlagenhaufer, in 1915, observed a man, aged 43 years, with hypertrophy of the left parathyroid gland and marked osteitis fibrosa. Maresch, in 1916, reported the association of enlargement of the parathyroid glands with osteitis fibrosa cystica in one case, with osteomalacia in one case, and with multiple cystic lesions in several bones in one case. The parathyroid bodies were macroscopically hypertrophied in eight cases of senile osteomalacia and in twenty-eight cases of osteoporosis, but in five cases of osteitis deformans the changes in the parathyroid gland s were less marked. Günther, in 1922, stated that almost all patients who have multiple brown tumors of the bones also have tumorous enlargement of the parathyroid glands. In the same year, Strauch reported the case of a woman aged 27 years who had marked puerperal osteomalacia, and a large parathyroid tumor. Danisch, in 1925, could demonstrate parathyroid tumors in only two of twenty cases of senile osteoporosis. Hoffheinz, in 1925, reviewed forty-five cases of enlargement of the parathyroid glands, in twenty-five of which there were skeletal changes, and in seventeen of these, osteofibrosa was present. Mandl, in 1925, was the first to report roentgenologic data before and after operation in a case of parathyroid tumor. Before operation, osteoporosis and a fibrous appearance of the bones were present. Four months after operation, increased calcification was observed. Richardson, Aub, and Bauer, in 1929, reported the case of a man, aged 34 years, in which roentgenograms disclosed generalized osteoporosis, with rather coarse bone trabeculæ. Fractures had occurred and had healed normally.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and stability of 2+1 complexes of N,N-diethylbenzoylthiourea with [M<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> (M = Re, <sup>99m</sup>Tc)

In the last two decades, the <i>fac</i>-[M<sup>I</sup>(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> (M = Re, <sup>99m</sup>Tc) core has been an important synthon in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and methodologies. A bidentate N,N-diethylbenzoylthiourea (HEt<sub>2</sub>btu, <b>H1</b>) ligand was reacted with <i>fac-</i>[M<sup>I</sup>(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> as part of a 2+1 strategy consisting of a bidentate and a monodentate ligands to saturate the coordination sphere. When excess <b>H1</b> was used in the reaction, an unusual 2+1 complex of <i>fac</i>-[Re<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>(<b>1</b>)(<b>H1</b>)], <b>2</b>, was isolated that contained two <b>H1</b> ligands, OS bidentate and S monodentate in different protonation states. Equimolar concentrations of HEt<sub>2</sub>btu and <i>fac</i>-[Re<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> generated the single addition of the ligand, however, isolation of the solid revealed a μ-sulfur bridged dimer of <i>fac</i>-[Re<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub><b>1</b>)]<sub>2</sub>, <b>3</b>. Reaction of <b>H1</b> with <i>fac</i>-[M<sup>I</sup>(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> followed by addition of a monodentate ligand (<i>i.e.</i>, pyridine, methyl imidazole, cyclohexyl isocyanide, triphenylphosphine) yielded the corresponding 2+1 <i>fac</i>-[M<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>(<b>1</b>)(L)] complexes. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the Re complexes revealed conformational differences of the ligand on the metal depending on the protonation state of the central amine in the protonated <b>H1</b> vs. <b>1</b> ligand. Comparison of these complexes with previous complexes and free <b>H1</b> revealed significant shifts in the bond angles, bond lengths, and ligand planarity that are discussed further. The corresponding 2+1 <i>fac</i>-[<sup>99m</sup>Tc<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>(<b>OS-1</b>)(L)] complexes were also prepared in moderate to good yields and their stability examined by amino acid challenge studies.

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla: A case report

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is an asymptomatic local alteration of bone in which the typical architecture is replaced by fibrous tissues and nonfunctional trabeculae like osseous structures. The lesion most frequently affects the craniofacial skeleton. The maxilla is affected twice compared to the mandible and occurs more commonly in the posterior area. An unusual fibrous dysplasia involving a female's left craniofacial region is reported. The clinical features, radiological findings and treatment have been discussed. Bisphosphonate therapy may help improve function for treatment; surgery is indicated for biopsy for confirmed diagnosis.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LADRILHAMENTO NO PLANO COM O USO DO SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA

O presente estudo e definido a partir de uma investigacao sobre a aprendizagem de conceitos geometricos e algebricos atraves do trabalho com o tema ladrilhamento no plano e uso do software Geogebra, com o intuito de entender melhor como o aluno da Educacao Basica esta aprendendo esses conceitos, cuja compreensao pode esta relacionada ao modelo de trabalho do professor de Matematica. Aqui tratamos de consideracoes sobre a ideia de ladrilhamento no plano e  sera feito um alerta para que o trabalho desse profissional seja acrescido de estrategias e ferramentas que objetivem efetivo ensino da Matematica. Nesse processo o uso da tecnologia pode oferecer uma importante contribuicao, pois constatou-se que o trabalho com um enfoque no uso das tecnologias pode ser rico em conceitos e atividades que contribuam para que  ocorra a formacao de um sujeito historicamente situado, firmando assim, o comprometimento com a aprendizagem do educando.

Topic: Education and Digital Technologies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
40-Gb/s WDM transmission with virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) variable dispersion compensators

We have demonstrated variable dispersion compensation by using a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) to overcome the small dispersion tolerance in 40-Gb/s dense wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. By utilizing the periodical characteristics of VIPA compensators, we performed simultaneous dispersion compensation in a 1.28-Tb/s (40-Gb/s/spl times/32 ch; C band) short-haul transmission and confirmed that only two VIPA compensators and one fixed dispersion-compensating fiber are required for a large transmission range of 80 km. This performance can greatly reduce the cost, size, and number of compensator menus in a 40-Gb/s WDM short-haul transmission system. In addition, we achieved 3.5-Tb/s (43-Gb/s/spl times/88 ch; C and L bands) transmission over a 600-km nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber by using VIPA compensators. Although channel-by-channel dispersion compensation is required due to the larger residual dispersion slope in long-haul transmission, the periodical characteristics of the VIPA compensators offer the advantage of considerably reducing the number of different modules required to cover the whole C (or L) band. An adequate optical signal-to-noise ratio, which was the same for all channels, was-obtained by using distributed Raman amplification, a gain equalizer, and a preemphasis technique. We achieved a Q-factor of more than 11.8 dB; (BER<10/sup -17/ with forward-error correction) for all 88 channels.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences