jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radiation characteristics of coaxial KrBr<sup>*</sup>excilamps based on a dielectric barrier discharge

The characteristics of the emission spectra of coaxial KrBr* excilamps driven by sinusoidal, rectangular and pulsed electronic control gear (ECGs) are investigated, based on the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with an annular gap of 10.5?mm. The radiant power of intense narrow band ultraviolet radiation at 207?nm is derived from the irradiance according to the Keitz formula, while the input power is computed from the integral of the product of voltage and current. The radiant characteristics of the 207?nm spectral line have been studied with regard to total pressure and bromine percentage, demonstrating an optimum pressure at 300?350?mbar as well as an optimum bromine percentage 0.1?0.3%, resulting in (3?4%)???(0.3?0.5%) radiant efficiency at the optimum lamp power density of 360?540?W?m?1. Of the three ECGs, results indicate that the pulsed waveform produces a higher efficiency than rectangular and sinusoidal waveforms.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Does Time between Imaging Diagnosis and Initiation of Radiotherapy Impact Survival after Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases?

Aims . To evaluate whether reduced waiting time influences survival of patients treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases. Materials and Methods . Retrospective intention-to-treat study including 110 patients treated with primary WBRT (typically 10 fractions of 3 Gy; no other treatment between diagnosis and WBRT). Uni- and multivariate tests were performed. Results . Median delay between imaging diagnosis and WBRT was 12 days (range 0–66 days). WBRT started within 1 week in 36%, during the second week in 28%, and during the third week in 18% of patients. No significant correlation between waiting time and survival was evident, except for one subgroup of patients. Those without extracranial metastases (potentially more threatened by worse intracranial disease control) survived for a median of 2.5 months from WBRT if waiting time was 2 weeks or longer as compared to 5.6 months if waiting time was shorter than 2 weeks (). The same correlation was seen if survival was computed from imaging diagnosis. Conclusion . If departmental resources are not sufficient to provide immediate WBRT within 2 weeks to all patients, those without extracranial metastases should be prioritised. This study did not address the impact of waiting time on quality of life or symptom palliation.

Topic: Brain Metastases and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Datasets for: Chapter 6: Timescales of dyke intrusion events in the Main Ethiopian Rift through olivine Fe-Mg diffusion chronometry

Supplementary datasets for Chapter 6: Timescales of dyke intrusion events in the Main Ethiopian Rift through olivine Fe-Mg diffusion chronometry. Dataset S1: Standards, secondary standards, geochemical data and timescale data of olivine Fe-Mg diffusion profiles and carrier glasses.<br> Dataset S2: Combined and sorted dataset of greyscale images.

Topic: Geological formations and processes
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Considerations for Using Critical Race Theory and Critical Content Analysis: A Research Note

This conceptual paper explores how Critical Race Theory (CRT) in education can be utilized with a Critical Content Analysis (CCA) of children's literature. We first explain how we came to this work as education scholars trained to examine systemic racism in educational institutions. We then explain the steps we have taken to pursue our current study that examines the portrayal of Latinx in children's literature. First, we describe an online library catalog platform that we have created to catalog a book collection of over 300 books by/about Latinx people published in the United States during a five-year period from 2011 to 2015. Next, we outline our understanding of two prevalent research approaches in critical analyses of children and youth literature, Critical Multicultural Analysis (CMA) and CCA. We then explain CRT in education and its tenets. Finally, we explain how the tenets of CRT can be applied to a CCA. We provide a set of guidelines for researchers to use in their own critical race analyses of children’s literature and use an example of how these guidelines are applied.

Topic: Critical Race Theory in Education
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Catechol-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase: substrate-specificity and stereoselectivity for β-adrenoceptor agents

Isoprenaline, isoetharine, rimiterol, dobutamine and nadolol were investigated as substrates for purified pig-liver catechol-O-methyltransferase using a sensitive spectrophotometric assay. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, were defined and the apparent first-order rate constant (Vmax/Km) was derived. On the basis of the apparent first-order rate constant, rimiterol was found to be a 1.5-fold and dobutamine a 5-fold better substrate for catechol-O-methyltransferase than isoprenaline; isoetharine shows no improvement over isoprenaline. Nadolol is not a substrate for catechol-O-methyltransferase. O-Methylation of isoprenaline- and noradrenaline-enantiomers was found to be stereoselective: catechol-O-methyltransferase shows selectivity towards the laevo (-) isomer with respect to the (+) form or racemic mixture. The investigation indicated stereochemical and steric determinants important in the interaction of catechol-O-methyltransferase with physiologically and clinically important beta-adrenoceptor agents.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rate of compositional turnover along gradients and total gradient length

Abstract. A new measure of compositional turnover rate at any gradient point is proposed. The absolute values of the derivatives of estimated species response curves are used to estimate the instantaneous rate of change of the community. The total gradient length can be found by integrating the instantaneous turnover rates over the gradient span. Both the instantaneous rate and total gradient length have been known under the name of beta diversity. Our method is elaborated for the Gaussian response function. It is compared to Hill's SD measure, much used for estimating the gradient length in connection of Detrended Correspondence Analysis with nonlinear rescaling for axes. The turnover rate along a canopy cover gradient in forest vegetation in Finland was used as an example. Forest site type and stand age were used as subsidiary gradients. The two ways to compute Hill's scaling gave very different results and were not comparable with the new method. The turnover rate was dependent on the gradient position. However, the turnover rate along the gradient of interest and its total length were dependent on the subsidiary gradients.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Archaism as Cultural Distinction: Woodblock book publishing during the Mao Era 1949-1976

This PhD thesis examines woodblock book publishing during the radical years of Mao’s life time, when thread-bound books were criticised as representing the symbol of the old literati culture by the CCP government. This very political authority paradoxically subsidised and encouraged the publication of thirteen fine woodblock books, including the unique woodblock edition of The Communist Manifesto. Using vast amount of both unpublished and published archival materials and personal interviews, this project analyses the production, dissemination and the circulating culture of woodblock publications during the Mao Era 1949–1976. It argues that archaism, as an essential feature of elite book culture, continued into the PRC through woodblock publishing practices and began to function as a type of distinction for the CCP elite group. Classic theories of both the history of woodblock publishing and archaism see 1949 as the watershed, after which both cultural practices were discouraged by the CCP political authority. This thesis provides a new perspective in studying the continuity of Chinese book culture, amends details in woodblock production in a modern era, and discloses the complex relations between archaism and the CCP ideology as a cultural system. All these will fill the gap in research on the history of woodblock books and technology, contributing new approaches and new materials of Maoist book culture to Chinese studies as a whole.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Upstream R&D Competition and Cooperation in a Two-Tier Supply Chain

This paper derives a two-tier supply chain model with many firms in each tier. The upstream firms engage in cost-reducing R&D activities. Under the case of R&D competition, the paper discusses how the changes in R&D spillover, R&D efficiency and the numbers of the manufacturers and the suppliers affect the R&D expenditures, the quantities and the profits. Then, R&D cooperation is considered. And what effects arise with the changes in the R&D spillover and the degree of cooperation are studied.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Detailed Radio to Soft Gamma-ray Studies of the 2005 Outburst of the New X-ray Transient XTE J1818-245

XTE J1818-245 is an X-ray nova that experienced an outburst in 2005, first seen by the RXTE satellite. The source was observed simultaneously at various wavelengths up to soft gamma-rays with the INTEGRAL satellite, from 2005 February to September. X-ray novae are extreme systems that often harbor a black hole, and are known to emit throughout the electromagnetic spectrum when in outburst. We analyzed radio, (N)IR, optical, X-ray and soft gamma-ray observations and constructed simultaneous broad-band X-ray spectra. Analyzing both the light curves in various energy ranges and the hardness-intensity diagram enabled us to study the long-term behavior of the source. Spectral parameters were typical of the Soft Intermediate States and the High Soft States of a black hole candidate. The source showed relatively small spectral variations in X-rays with considerable flux variation in radio. Spectral studies showed that the accretion disc cooled down from 0.64 to 0.27 keV in 100 days and that the total flux decreased while the relative flux of the hot medium increased. Radio emission was detected several times, and, interestingly, five days after entering the HSS. Modeling the spectral energy distribution from the radio to the soft gamma-rays reveals that the radio flares arise from several ejection events. XTE J1818-245 is likely a black hole candidate transient source that might be closer than the Galactic Bulge. The results from the data analysis trace the physical changes that took place in the system at a maximum bolometric luminosity of (0.4-0.9)e38 erg/s (assuming a distance between 2.8-4.3 kpc) and they are discussed within the context of disc and jet models.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Can Twitter sentiment predict stock market behaviour?

The stock markets are an incredibly competitive environment and nowadays hedge funds and investment managers are rushing to find innovative ways to produce profits for their investors and their institutions. In addition to therefore understanding the impact of macroeconomic events or regulatory constraints on specific investments, they are looking at new datasets as main sources of competitive advantage.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Conclusion

The plays in this study cover nearly one hundred years, from 1570, the earliest possible date of Clyomon and Clamydes, to 1662, the publication date of the plays Margaret Cavendish wrote during the Interregnum. However, they provide little evidence in the way of a chronological argument. They neither clearly support nor obviously refute the view that social constraints against female homoeroticism increased as the eighteenth century neared. Such an argument presumes that English culture approached depictions of female homoeroticism consistently within a given historical moment and that the acceptance or rejection of female homoeroticism depended on its appearance within a historical progression. The evidence from dramatic literature, however, does not endorse this kind of chronological argument. Rather, dramatic narratives of female homoeroticism varied widely throughout this nearly hundred-year period and suggest that constraint did not emerge as a historical consequence but that differing depictions of desire were always more or less acceptable. Playwrights always exercised careful control over depictions of female homoerotic desire within already established metaphors of love. In short, playwrights condemned lust but constructed laudatory scenarios of selfless, romantic love between women.KeywordsFemale CharacterRomantic LoveHeterosexual MarriageTrue LoveFeminine PersonaThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of a New Wound Dressing Material SG-01 in an Experimental Rat Skin Burn and Decubitus Ulcer Model

A wound dressing material, SG-01 was developed to treat various skin ulcers. In this study, to clarify the features of SG-01, we investigated the therapeutic effects of this dressing material in rat burn and decubitus ulcer models. In the rat burn model, SG-01 significantly reduced the percent wound area compared to gauze (control group), and decreased the sum of the percent area, suggesting that SG-01 promotes the healing of burns. Subsequently, we investigated the curative effects of SG-01 in the rat decubitus ulcer model using commercially available dressing materials, NU-GEL®1,2) and DuoACTIVE CGF®.3,4) SG-01 significantly reduced the percent wound area compared to gauze (control group), decreased the sum of the percent area, and shortened the interval until healing. There were no significant differences between SG-01 and the above commercially available materials. These results suggest that SG-01 is useful for treating burn and decubitus ulcers.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from Targetable T-type Calcium Channels Drive Glioblastoma

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSC) promote tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we show how GSCs can be targeted by the FDA-approved drug mibefradil, which inhibits the T-type calcium channel Cav3.2. This calcium channel was highly expressed in human GBM specimens and enriched in GSCs. Analyses of the The Cancer Genome Atlas and REMBRANDT databases confirmed upregulation of Cav3.2 in a subset of tumors and showed that overexpression associated with worse prognosis. Mibefradil treatment or RNAi-mediated attenuation of Cav3.2 was sufficient to inhibit the growth, survival, and stemness of GSCs and also sensitized them to temozolomide chemotherapy. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that Cav3.2 inhibition altered cancer signaling pathways and gene transcription. Cav3.2 inhibition suppressed GSC growth in part by inhibiting prosurvival AKT/mTOR pathways and stimulating proapoptotic survivin and BAX pathways. Furthermore, Cav3.2 inhibition decreased expression of oncogenes (PDGFA, PDGFB, and TGFB1) and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes (TNFRSF14 and HSD17B14). Oral administration of mibefradil inhibited growth of GSC-derived GBM murine xenografts, prolonged host survival, and sensitized tumors to temozolomide treatment. Our results offer a comprehensive characterization of Cav3.2 in GBM tumors and GSCs and provide a preclinical proof of concept for repurposing mibefradil as a mechanism-based treatment strategy for GBM. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(13); 3479–90. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Three-dimensional Digital Evaluation of Dental Arches in Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the dimensions of the dental arches on three-dimensional digital study models in children with and without cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery. The sample consisted of 223 digital models of children aged 3-9 months, divided into 5 groups: without craniofacial deformities, unilateral and bilateral incomplete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral and bilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Dental casts of the maxillary dental arches of the children were used. The dental casts underwent a process of scanning through 3D scanner and the measurements used for the correlation among groups were made on the scanned images. Statistical analysis was performed by t test and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The results showed that the intercanine distance and anterior cleft width was wider in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The intertuberosity distances and posterior cleft width was wider in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate among the groups. Children with cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery had wider maxillary arch dimensions than the children without cleft lip and palate.

Topic: Cleft Lip and Palate Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Protein – sparing activity of lipid and carbohydrate in the giant African mudfish, &lt;i&gt;H. longifilis&lt;/i&gt; diets

In two different experiments on lipid and carbohydrate requirement, H. longifilis was fed diets containing 13.68% to 24.66% of lipid, 17.00% to 20.86% of carbohydrates for 56 days. There was positive response in terms of growth of H. longifilis in the various diets fed in the experiments. There was significant variation (P0.05) in the SGR and FCR but there was significant variation (P

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Defending the Sufis in Nineteenth Century Hyderabad

As India gradually fell into British hands, Hyderabad State became the last great bastion of traditional Indo-Muslim social and intellectual life. The old families of court and religious notables sought to maintain a metaphysical and moral order which vanished elsewhere in the dust clouds of the Rebellion. But the reformist versions of Islam that emerged in British India did find their way to Hyderabad, splintering its Muslims into polemical and defensive factions. In order to examine the strategies by which members of the old elite sought to defend the old order, this article reconstructs the biography of a major Hyderabadi Sufi, Iftikhār 'Alī Shāh Waṭan (1249/1833—1324/1906). In a period generally framed as one of religious change and reform, the article explores the patterns of continuity and 'counter reform' which are no less important to understanding Indian Muslim history in the late nineteenth century.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy induced carcinoid crisis: A case report.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a therapeutic option in inoperable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). PRRT proved to be promising in prolonging survival and delaying disease progression in patients with advanced bronchopulmonary carcinoid. However, it may lead to worsening of carcinoid symptoms or even precipitate carcinoid crises. The incidence of PRRT induced carcinoid crisis would be between 1-10%. This usually takes place during the first PRRT cycle, either during the tracer infusion or 12-48 hours' post-administration. We report a 62-year-old man with underlying metastatic lung carcinoid tumour who developed carcinoid crisis at 10 hours after receiving PRRT. The carcinoid crisis was successfully treated with intravenous octreotide infusion, corticosteroid, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, parenteral ranitidine and chlorpheniramine for H1 and H2 antagonism respectively.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An Incremental Functionality-Oriented Free Software Development Methodology

This chapter presents a methodology used as reference model for a free software factory that is part of the National Centre for Free Technologies in Venezuela. This centre is oriented at promoting free software development for serving mostly the public sector in order to promote endogenous development and technologic autonomy. Under this strategy, strengthening the software small and medium size enterprises and cooperatives, by allowing them to participate in different projects (improving their know-how) and providing them with a methodology for increasing their capabilities and software quality, is necessary and urgent. This methodology plans the development process incrementally, based on a prioritisation of the software functionalities development in accordance to the functionalities risks, development urgency, and dependencies. It combines aspects of the two styles of free software development,namely cathedral and bazaar. The development process is centralised, in essence collaborative, and continuously allows source code release.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

Topic: Open Source Software Innovations
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polypodium simplex Burm. f.

Polypodium simplex Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 235. 1768. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00818253]!) (Fig. 7). Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 235) referred to a plate in RUMPHIUS’s Herbarium Amboinense (1750: 70, tab. 30, fig. 1) and a Kleynhoff collection in his herbarium. Thus a lectotypification is necessary. The only original material in G-PREL is a Pryon collection from Java that Burman erroneously attributed to Kleynhoff: the polynomial “ Filix non ramosa foliis integris alternis ” cited in the protologue appears in Pryon’s typical handwriting on the sheet. This collections is here designated as lectotype (Fig. 7). The Pryon specimen in G-PREL clearly represents a species of the genus Drynaria (Bory) J. Sm. It corresponds to Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd., showing a sterile frond with anastomosing veins and narrow pinnae articulate to rachis. BURMAN (1768) ’s Polypodium simplex predates SWARTZ (1801) ’s P. rigidulum. In order to allow the further use of a well-known and widely used fern name (A. Smith, pers. comm.) and to avoid disadvantageous nomenclatural changes entailed by the strict application of the ICN rules (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 14.1), a proposal to conserve Swartz’s name over Burman’s is in preparation.

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences