jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and physicochemical study of polyester polyols of epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine and their polyurethanes

ABSTRACT Polyester polyols of ricinoleic acid (ETPRA), oleic acid, linoleic acid (ETPLA), and rosin (ETPR) and epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐3‐5‐triazine (ETP) and their polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The PU films showed the following density order: ETPRPU600 &gt; ETPRAPU600 &gt; ETPLAPU600. ETPLAPU600 showed good tensile strength and volume resistivity values compared to ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. All three PUs showed good electric strength. ETPLAPU600 showed almost double the electric strength of ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. The incorporation of soft‐segment poly(ethylene glycol) 600 into PU chains resulted in the flexibility of the films. The PU films showed a high water absorption tendency in water, acidic, and saline environments, and they degraded in an alkaline environment. The weight gain tendency of the films was due to surface solvolysis and was also probably due to microcrack formation. The polyester polyols and PUs were thermally stable up to about 167–221 and 184–214°C, respectively, and followed multistep degradation reactions with either fractional or integral order (0.43–2.71) degradation kinetics. Thus, the structure of the PUs affected the studied physicochemical properties of the films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40203.

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Definability and Process Ontologies

In this paper, we use the notions of relative interpretations and definable models from mathematical logic to compare dierent ontologies and also to evaluate the limitations of particular ontologies. In particular, we characterize the relationship between the theories within the first-order PSL Ontology and two other ontologies ‐ a first-order theory of time and Reiter’s second-order axiomatization of situation calculus.

Topic: Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Automatic Data Fusion with HumMer

Heterogeneous and dirty data is abundant. It is stored under different, often opaque schemata, it represents identical real-world objects multiple times, causing duplicates, and it has missing values and conflicting values. The Humboldt Merger (HumMer) is a tool that allows ad-hoc, declarative fusion of such data using a simple extension to SQL. Guided by a query against multiple tables, HumMer proceeds in three fully automated steps: First, instance-based schema matching bridges schematic heterogeneity of the tables by aligning corresponding attributes. Next, duplicate detection techniques find multiple representations of identical real-world objects. Finally, data fusion and conflict resolution merges duplicates into a single, consistent, and clean representation.

Topic: Data Quality and Management
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Moon Phases and Crisis Calls: A Spurious Relationship

The relationship between phases of the moon and emergency calls to a 24-hr. telephone crisis intervention service was investigated. The frequency and types of calls were compared for the dates of the lunar cycle over a 2-yr. period (1972–1973). The total calls, crisis calls, and suicide-threat calls were analyzed. Although the total calls and suicide-threat calls reached statistical significance, the findings failed to support the lunar theory. From an examination of the mixed results of prior research and the present study, the relationship between moon phases and emotional disturbance can best be described as spurious in nature.

Topic: Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Public interest litigation in India: A socio-legal study.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India began in the late 1970s. For the first time the rights of prisoners, bonded labourers, other neglected peoples and issues were considered in the judicial forum. Using their inherent powers under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, a few judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts made access to justice easier. Anyone acting in the public interest was permitted to file a petition on behalf of those unable to do so themselves, or for issues of grave public importance. Lawyers, social activists, concerned individuals and even judges approached the courts. Aside from locus standi, other procedural norms were relaxed, including the need to file a proper petition. Once admitted, attempts were made to resolve litigations using a conciliatory form of justice. Offending state authorities were encouraged to co-operate with the Court, which in turn took on the role of fact-finder, when appropriate, and appointed commissions of enquiry. Most of the reported and many unreported PIL cases, filed from its inception until April 1994, have been examined. Interviews with petitioners and lawyers have revealed much about PIL, and have resulted in the discussion of many unreported cases. Interviews of Supreme Court Judges, administrative officials in the courts and analysts of Indian law have enabled the study to extend to all aspects of the legal process as it relates to PIL. This new form of litigation in the courtroom thus provides a focal point for the study of the Indian legal system. The perception that inequities could be resolved through the legislative or administrative processes had given way to a belief that recourse to legal action was the only mechanism through which rights could be upheld. Thus, the initial agenda was to introduce the social justice considerations of poverty and inequality into the court, whilst making legal institutions more accessible. The hundreds of documented PIL cases reflect a huge range of issues and concerns. While many do fulfil the initial mandate, PIL has often been used as another available legal tool that facilitates access to the courts and increases the public profile of the petitioner. For many of those who have used PIL in an effort to counter serious violations of rights, the inherent limitations of legal action and the poor implementation of favourable Court orders have rendered PIL a meaningless exercise. For some, PIL has provided necessary short term redress or has focused attention on issues never before discussed in a national forum. Whatever the outcome, PIL has necessitated the recognition that every Indian citizen should have access to justice.

Topic: Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Latent Tuberculosis Infection among a Large Cohort of Medical Students at a Teaching Hospital in Italy

The surveillance of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in both healthcare workers and healthcare students is considered fundamental for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. The aim of the present study was to estimate LTBI prevalence and evaluate potential risk-factors associated with this condition in a large cohort of medical students in Italy. In a cross-sectional study, performed between March and December 2012, 1511 eligible subjects attending the Medical School of the University of Genoa, trained at the IRCCS San Martino-IST Teaching Hospital of Genoa, were actively called to undergo the tuberculin skin test (TST). All the TST positive cases were confirmed with an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). A standardized questionnaire was collected for multivariate risk analysis. A total of 1302 (86.2%) students underwent TST testing and completed the questionnaire. Eleven subjects (0.8%) resulted TST positive and LTBI diagnosis was confirmed in 2 (0.1%) cases. Professional exposure to active TB patients (OR 21.7, 95% CI 2.9–160.2;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>value 0.003) and previous BCG immunization (OR 28.3, 95% CI 3.0–265.1;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>value 0.003) are independently associated with TST positivity. Despite the low prevalence of LTBI among Italian medical students, an occupational risk of TB infection still exists in countries with low circulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Housing and Financial Stability : Mortgage Lending and Macroprudential Policy in the UK and US

This book brings together politics, law, financial services regulation, economics and housing policy in the analysis of mortgage lending and macroprudential policy in the UK and US. The book addresses the relationship between housing policy, credit and financial instability in light of the recent global financial crisis, and proposes both short and long-term solutions. Although it is not known where the next crisis will come from, history suggests that it will have credit and property at its source. Thus, it is important that the UK and other countries look more broadly at what should be done in terms of policies, institutions and tools to make the housing market and mortgage lenders more resilient against a future crisis. This book sets out a number of workable proposals. Central to this work are questions relating to the quantitative macroprudential measures, such as loan-to-value (LTV) and debt-to-income (DTI) restrictions, and whether these can be used to any significant extent in western democracies and, if employed, whether they are likely to be effective. In particular, the book questions the political legitimacy of their use and the potential consequences for the institutions, such as central banks, promulgating such policies. Preserving financial stability in very uncertain market conditions is of key importance to central bankers and other regulators, and macroprudential policy is a rapidly growing subject for both legal and economics study. This book will therefore be of interest to financial professionals, policy-makers and academics

Topic: Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Dose, Time and Volume Parameters in Irradiation Therapy of Kaposi's Sarcoma

In a recent review on the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (Cohen, Palmer and Nickson, 1962), it appeared that there was relatively little information published on its radiosensitivity, and that reported methods of management varied widely and were often contradictory. It has, however, become possible, since the disease is of extraordinary frequency in Africa, to present the following analysis of a comparatively large irradiated series from which appropriate data can be extracted. The pathological and clinical features of this African series are described in detail by a number of investigators (U.I.C.C. Symposium on Kaposi's Sarcoma, 1962, in press); the present report deals with the radiosensitivity of the individual lesions and the tolerance limits of the associated normal tissues. Between 1949 and 1960, 58 cases of typical Kaposi's sarcoma were referred to the Radiation Therapy Department of the Johannesburg Hospital for therapy. Of these, 16 were lost to follow-up yielding no information on the length of remission, three cases received no more than minimal palliative treatment shortly before death from widespread cutaneous or visceral dissemination, and one patient was killed in a street accident after an initial remission, thus leaving 38 definitive cases available for analysis. All but three of these patients were males, the average age being 40 years (range five to 80).

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adolescents and MP3 Players: Too Many Risks, Too Few Precautions

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess risky and protective listening behaviors of adolescent users of MP3 players and the association of these behaviors with demographic characteristics and frequency of use. METHODS. In 2007, 1687 adolescents (12–19 years of age) in 68 classes in 15 Dutch secondary schools were invited to complete questionnaires about their music-listening behaviors. RESULTS. Ninety percent of participants reported listening to music through earphones on MP3 players; 32.8% were frequent users, 48.0% used high volume settings, and only 6.8% always or nearly always used a noise-limiter. Frequent users were &amp;gt;4 times more likely to listen to high-volume music than were infrequent users, and adolescents in practical prevocational schools were more than twice as likely to listen to high-volume music as were those attending preuniversity education. CONCLUSIONS. When using MP3 players, adolescents are very likely to engage in risky listening behaviors and are unlikely to seek protection. Frequent MP3 player use is an indicator of other risky listening behaviors, such as listening at high volumes and failing to use noise-limiters.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE MEDICAL EXPERT.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Gravity and Information

Various contenders for a complete theory of quantum gravity are at odds with each other. This is in particular seen in the ways they relate to information and black holes, and how to effectively treat quantization of the background spacetime. Modern perspectives on black hole evaporation suggest that quantum gravity effects in the near-horizon region can perturb the local geometry. The approaches differ, however, in the time scale on which one can expect these effects to become important. This panel session presents three points of view on these problems, and considers the ultimate prospect of observational tests in the near future.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Automation Applications in Integrated Animal Production System

In livestock enterprises, with the developing technology, the use of automation instead of control with manpower has become widespread. With the use of automation, it provides easy and reliable production, healthy product, decrease of labor force, prevention of economic losses, periodic and systematic operation and keeping data record regularly. In this way, it is possible to evaluate all records of animal production in digital environment. Control element (PC, PLC, PIC, Microprocessor, Electronic Cards), Activation Element (Motors, Cylinders, motion elements, etc.), Process (Production, temperature, control, chemical, events, etc.), Adjustment in automation used in animal husbandry Element (Acceleration, Angle, Speed, Flow, Encoders, Force, Load, Price, Pressure, Temperature, Slope, Torsion, Vibration Measurement Elements). Thanks to the intelligent sensors and controllers of these elements, feed and water of animals are recorded from central computers in automation control. In the studies, S7-300 PLC was used to carry out the general operation and collect the data. In addition, SCADA is used for central system supervision and control, data collection and storage, irrigation and feeding, warning and warning for security. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the use of automation in industrial animal husbandry enterprises.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Proprietary Claims at Common Law for Mixed and Improved Goods

Proprietary Claims at Common Law for Mixed and Improved Goods Paul Matthews, LL.B., B.C.L. Paul Matthews, LL.B., B.C.L. Lecturer in Laws University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Current Legal Problems, Volume 34, Issue 1, 1981, Pages 159–188, https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/34.1.159 Published: 01 December 1981

Topic: Legal principles and applications
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An experimental comparison between different technologies arising for public lighting: LED luminaires replacing high pressure sodium lamps

This work deals with the analysis and photometric comparison between different systems concepts for public lighting, hence the solid state lighting (SSL) employing LED luminaires with electronic drivers and the conventional high pressure sodium (HPS) lamp based luminaires along with electromagnetic ballasts. The study and comparison raise question on the relative perception of the human eye to different light sources with different spectral distributions, devoting special attention to low luminance conditions (scotopic) such as those present on public roadway lighting. Different LED-based luminaires are tested, in the lab and in loco. Photometric data of a SSL system being currently installed for the replacement of current HPS luminaires at the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora are provided for the analysis and comparison.

Topic: Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
EGF-Receptor Targeting with Monoclonal Antibodies in Colorectal Carcinomas: Rationale for a Pharmacogenomic Approach

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the EGF-receptor (EGFR) have recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with EGFR-positive tumors at immunohistochemistry (IHC). Surprisingly, data demonstrate a lack of correlation between the tumor's EGFR expression at IHC and outcome. Indeed, as pointed out from small experiences, patients with EGFR-IHC-negative metastatic CRC have the same chance as EGFR-IHC-positive patients to benefit from an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, underlying the importance of different, more reliable, selection criteria. In particular, the identification of such predictive factors is important as these agents are expensive, have side effects and are really only effective in a minority of patients. Several potential clinical and biological predictive markers of activity and/or efficacy for such agents have been evaluated in retrospective series with promising results. Moving from clinical data suggesting that there could be a subpopulation of CRC patients that are more liable to benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, here we review major studies on determinants of outcome in this field.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rheology of Miscible Blends:  SAN and PMMA

The linear viscoelasticity of miscible blends of a random copolymer of 80% styrene and 20% acrylonitrile and poly(methyl methacrylate) has been investigated using oscillatory shear. The Flory−Huggins interaction parameter of this blend is weakly negative. The glass transitions of the pure components are very close (ΔTg = 20 K). The blends are thermorheologically simple, in that the oscillatory shear response at different temperatures can be superimposed with the empirical time−temperature superposition principle with a precision similar to that for the pure component polymers. These results are anticipated by a theory of concentration-fluctuation-induced dynamic heterogeneities in miscible polymer blends. While sizable concentration fluctuations are present in this blend system, they do not complicate the dynamics, because all compositions have similar local dynamics. We suggest a simple phase diagram based on this model, that should be useful for deciding whether time−temperature superposition will be valid for a given blend with weak energetic interactions. Regions of thermorheological complexity are separated from regions of thermorheological simplicity on a plot of the range of blend free volume studied against the glass transition contrast of the components (ΔTg).

Topic: Material Dynamics and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychotherapy with looked after children: some common themes and technical interventions

Looked After Children (LAC) were previously thought to be too damaged to use psychotherapy, however practice has moved on and LAC are increasingly making up a larger proportion of psychotherapist’s case loads. The literature in this field consists predominantly of individual case studies focusing on the internal worlds of LAC. Although the experiences of psychotherapists working with this cohort have started to be thought about, this research uses Grounded Theory to explore the collective experiences and technical considerations of seven psychotherapists who were interviewed about their work with LAC. This approach enables a systematic exploration of this type of work and provides a more comprehensive understanding of current practice. The research reveals that it is possible to find specificity in the psychotherapeutic work being done with LAC and it both confirms previous ideas in this field as well as producing new insights. The categories produced by Grounded Theory enabled a theory to be developed about the work psychotherapists do externally with the network of adults surrounding the child and internally with the individual child in therapy. The external work is divided into problems in the network, the value of work with networks and the impact of this work on the individual relationship with the child. Internal work with the child is divided into a) making and pacing interpretations, b) whether to work with the transference and maternal transference, c) countertransference responses to deprivation and stretching boundaries, d) challenges to analytic neutrality and e) positivity. Overall the material has important implications for practice as psychotherapists feel they are often more flexible, warm and active with LAC. This research helps us to re-think what psychotherapy is for this cohort and encourages psychotherapists to feel that it is their psychoanalytic understanding, rather than strict analytic traditional approaches which can help reach these children.

Topic: Child Welfare and Adoption
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences