jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Exposure to Entrepreneurship Education on Student Entrepreneurial Intentions / Utjecaj izloženosti poduzetničkom obrazovanju na poduzetničku namjeru studenata

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate and graduate students of Economics of Entrepreneurship and its predictors among students in different stages of their studies. The research is based on two sets of hypotheses. The first one sets out to confirm the basic assumptions of the theory of planned behavior in the context of the student population and the second one assumes a positive impact of the exposure to entrepreneurship education on students entrepreneurial intentions. The regression model confirmed the first set of hypotheses. The attitudes towards entrepreneurship have the greatest impact on entrepreneurial intentions, followed by perceived behavioral control and the subjective norm whose impact is the smallest. Results indicate that there are significant differences in the attitudes towards entrepreneurship and familiarity with entrepreneurial infrastructure among students in different stages of their studies. However, research has shown that entrepreneurial intentions do not increase due to exposure to entrepreneurship education.Key words: attitudes towards entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship program; familiarity with entrepreneurial infrastructure; perceived behavioral control; subjective norm.---SažetakSvrha ovog istraživanja jest ispitati poduzetničku namjeru studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija Ekonomika poduzetništva i njezine prediktore kod studenata na različitim godinama studija. Istraživanje polazi od dva skupa hipoteza: prvog, koji je postavljen kako bi se potvrdile osnovne pretpostavke teorije planiranog ponašanja u kontekstu studentske populacije, i drugog, koji pretpostavlja postojanje pozitivnog utjecaja trajanja izloženosti poduzetničkome obrazovanju na poduzetničku namjeru studenata. Regresijskim modelom potvrđen je prvi skup hipoteza i utvrđeno je da najveći utjecaj na poduzetničku namjeru imaju stavovi prema poduzetništvu, slijedi percipirana kontrola ponašanja, a najmanji utjecaj ima subjektivna norma. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje statistički značajne razlike u stavovima prema poduzetništvu i poznavanju poduzetničke infrastrukture između studenata različitih godina studija. Međutim, istraživanje je pokazalo da se poduzetnička namjera uslijed izloženosti programu poduzetničkog obrazovanja ne povećava.Ključne riječi: program poduzetničkog obrazovanja; stavovi prema poduzetništvu; subjektivna norma; percipirana kontrola ponašanja; poznavanje poduzetničke infrastrukture.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Management of Renal Osteodystrophy in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

The term “renal osteodystrophy” encompasses all forms of metabolic bone disease found in dialysis patients. The primary approach to the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is similar to that in hemodialysis patients. However, the increased prevalence of adynamic bone histology, together with the difficulty in judging calcium balance, the inability to practicably give intravenous vitamin D, and the clearance of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone via dialysate require a different therapeutic approach in PD compared to hemodialysis patients. Clearly, more comparative studies of new agents are needed to find the optimal approach to achieving the K/DOQI guidelines in PD patients. The unique aspects of the approach to renal osteodystrophy in PD patients are the focus of this review.

Topic: Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 33666

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus<br>Common name(s): Rice<br>Other names: SHWEDINGA<br>Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines<br>Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 33666<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1976-02-06<br>Other identifiers: n/a,390019<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeding/research material<br>MLS status: Art. 15 collection

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TWO EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

The proximate composition and minerals contents of two edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus) flours used in Egypt were investigated.Also, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water were used to fractionate soluble compounds from the mushrooms in ascending polarity by sequentially extracting.As well as, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and the antioxidants activity for these extracts were investigated.The percentage moisture content ranged between 90.47% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 90.55% in Agaricus bisporus.The crude protein ranged from 3.25% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 3.48% in Agaricus bisporus.Total carbohydrates ranged from 5.23% in Agaricus bisporus to 5.35%±0.03 in Pleurotus ostreatus.The most abundant mineral element is potassium (ranging from 2376.8 to 2820.5 mg/100 g on dry weight base (DW) for Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively) followed by Phosphorus (ranging from 537 to 754 mg/100 g on DW for Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus, respectively).The antioxidant activity of different extracts for two mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) increased gradually as concentration increases.These results compatible with those results recorded for total phenolic compounds of investigated mushroom.In conclusion, mushrooms, in spite of the great variability observed among species, represent an interesting food item that can contribute to the formulation of a well-balanced diet.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Acid-catalyzed disproportionation of N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)hydroxylamine. Synthesis and structure of 10-[5-tert-butyl-2-(4-tert-butylphenylamino)phenyl]-3,7-di-tert-butylphenoxazine

New method of synthesis was developed for N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)hydroxylamine by reduction of the corresponding aminoxyl with hydrazine hydrate. At the treatment with strong acids this hydroxylamine derivative is converted in bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amine and 10-[5-tert-butyl-2-(4-tert-butylphenylamino) phenyl]-3,7-di-tert-butylphenoxazine. The structure of the latter was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The mechanism was suggested of the acid-catalyzed disproportionation of N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl) hydroxylamine.

Topic: Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Meeting Health Care Needs of a Vulnerable Population: Perceived Barriers

Abstract This study¹ utilized the qualitative methodology of focus groups to explore health care needs and perceived barriers to obtaining health care for urban and rural women and children in areas served by nurse practitioner (NP) and certified nurse midwife (CNM) clinics. The clinics operate in a southeastern county with a rural health professional shortage area designation, and an urban ZIP code area with high rates of infant mortality and serious pediatric conditions. The aim of the study was to delineate barriers to health care in order to develop appropriate services at the clinics and to improve access. Four focus groups with a total of 31 women from the communities were convened. Content analysis shows that access to the clinics is hampered by the community women's limited knowledge of CNMs and NPs and their specific roles in providing health care services. The women suggested that clinics counter their low profile by a more vigorous out-reach promotion.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Simulation of the process of deformation-induced destruction of long-range order in alloys with an L12 superstructure

Plastic-deformation-induced destruction of long-range order in alloys with an L12 superstructure is considered. A mathematical model is suggested which takes into account the following mechanisms that lead to the destruction of long-range order: generation of superdislocations, generation of single dislocations, multiplication of antiphase boundaries (APBs) upon the conservative motion of dislocations, multiplication of APBs upon dislocation climb, formation of APB tubes on superdislocations, generation of point defects, and thermal ordering. A mathematical model of deformation strengthening and long-range order destruction with allowance for the change in the type of shear-forming dislocations from superdislocations to single dislocations is formulated.

Topic: Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Controlled Generation of Functional Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Abstract An early substantial loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) is a constant feature of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into BFCN would be a significant step toward a cell replacement therapy. We demonstrate here a method for the derivation of a predominantly pure population of BFCN from hESC cells using diffusible ligands present in the forebrain at developmentally relevant time periods. Overexpression of two relevant human transcription factors in hESC-derived neural progenitors also generates BFCN. These neurons express only those markers characteristic of BFCN, generate action potentials, and form functional cholinergic synapses in murine hippocampal slice cultures. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the transcription factors blocks BFCN generation by the diffusible ligands, clearly demonstrating the factors both necessary and sufficient for the controlled derivation of this neuronal population. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of hESCs into BFCN is a significant step both for understanding mechanisms regulating BFCN lineage commitment and for the development of both cell transplant-mediated therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease and high-throughput screening for agents that promote BFCN survival.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BUPROPION SR FOR SMOKING CESSATION: DATA FROM CLINICAL TRIALS AND FIVE YEARS OF POSTMARKETING EXPERIENCE

SUMMARY Bupropion SR was introduced for smoking cessation in the US in 1997. This review assesses the efficacy and safety of bupropion SR for treatment of tobacco dependence based on data from clinical trials and five years of postmarketing experience. Through June 2001, there were approximately 32 million patient exposures to bupropion (9 million for smoking cessation) in clinical practice, and more than 8000 patients have been studied in clinical trials for tobacco dependence. In clinical trials, bupropion SR was more effective than placebo at improving initial and long‐term abstinence rates and preventing relapse. Bupropion SR is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse event in clinical trials or clinical practice is insomnia, which can also be a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. The two main risks of treatment with bupropion SR are major motor seizure and hypersensitivity reaction. Clinical trials data suggest that the incidence of seizure is approximately 0.1%, and that of serious cases of hypersensitivity approximately 0.12%. Benefit‐risk assessment, assuming a 30% one‐year quit rate demonstrates that for every 10,000 smokers treated with bupropion SR, 19 lives are saved and 86 cases of smoking‐attributed morbidity are averted in a five‐year period while the risk of experiencing one of the two potentially serious adverse events during treatment is 0.22%. These data further establish both the efficacy and safety of bupropion SR and its use in preventing the adverse health effects of chronic tobacco use.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Large-Scale Student Data Reveal Sociodemographic Gaps in Procrastination Behavior

University students have to manage complex and demanding schedules to keep up with coursework across multiple classes while navigating formative personal, cultural, and financial events. Procrastination, the act of deferring study effort until the task deadline, is therefore a prevalent phenomenon, but whether it is more common among historically disadvantaged students is unknown. If systematic differences in procrastination behavior exist across sociodemographic groups, they may also contribute to achievement gaps, considering that procrastination is largely negatively associated with academic performance in prior research. We therefore investigate these questions in the context of assignment submission using campus-wide learning management system (LMS) data from a large U.S. research university. We analyze 2,631,893 submission records by 25,659 students across 2,153 courses and propose a context-agnostic procrastination score for each student in each course based on their assignment submission times relative to classmates. Based on this procrastination score, we find significantly higher levels of procrastination behavior among males, racial minorities, and first-generation college students than their peers. However, these differences only explain performance gaps to a very limited extent and the negative association between procrastination behavior and performance remains relatively stable across student groups. This large-scale behavioral study advances the understanding of academic procrastination through an equity lens and informs the development of scalable interventions to mitigate the negative effects of procrastination.

Topic: Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Build Operate And Transfer Agreements (Bot) On The Use Of Productive Waqf Hak Guna Bangun (HGB) In The National Islamic Economic Law Development

Perjanjian Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) merupakan perjanjian baru yang tidak dikenal sebelumnya di dalam hukum perjanjian Indonesia. BOT tidak diatur secara jelas di dalam Buku III KUHPerdata sehingga dapat dikatakan sebagi perjanjian tidak bernama. Di beberapa negara yang pengelolaan wakafnya sudah maju, seperti Singapura, Malaysia, Mesir, dan lain-lain, pengelolaan aset tanah wakaf produktif dilakukan dengan membangun infrastruktur yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi melalui perjanjian BOT. Berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor. 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf, pengelolaan wakaf diarahkan kepada pengelolaan yang produktif termasuk hak atas tanah berupa HGB yang secara khusus diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor. 42 Tahun 2006 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-undang Wakaf. HGB dapat diwakafkan baik untuk selamanya maupun untuk sementara waktu. HGB yang diwakafkan sementara, dan dikelola oleh nazhir melalui perjanjian BOT dapat menimbulkan masalah hukum, terutama mengenai status perjanjian dan perlindungan hukum investor, khususnya ketika wakaf HGB itu berakhir lebih dulu daripada perjanjian BOT.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan melakukan kajian terhadap beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan, dan melakukan wawancara terhadap BWI, BPN dan MUI untuk mendapatkan keterangan secara nyata mengenai wakaf produktif.
Dalam kasus ini, setelah dilakukan penelitian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa maka status perjanjian BOT atas tanah wakaf HGB yang sudah berakhir masa berlakunya dapat dianggap batal karena hilangnya kewenangan nazhir sebagai pihak pengelola wakaf, akan tetapi perjanjian BOT tetap dapat dilangsungkan dengan dibuatnya addendum yang mengatur bahwa nazhir sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian BOT kemudian digantikan dengan pihak pemegang hak atas tanah HGB dengan konsekuensi hak nazhir yang berupa bagi hasil pengelolaan infrastruktur selama sisa waktu perjanjian serta kepemilikan infrastruktur setelah masa perjanjian BOT berakhir, menjadi milik pemegang hak atas tanah kecuali ditentukan lain dalam addendum. Sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi investor, investor tetap dapat mengelola infrastruktur berikut segala manfaat ekonominya sampai dengan waktu yang ditentukan. Apabila terjadi kerugian bagi investor dan kesalahan nazhir dapat dibuktikan, berdasarkan prinsip tanggungjawab berdasarkan atas kesalahan, maka investor dapat meminta ganti rugi, apabila tidak terbukti ada kesalahan, maka kerugian ditanggung investor sendiri. 
Kata Kunci:
BOT, Wakaf, HGB, Nazhir, Addendum

Topic: Marriage and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cost-effectiveness of rituximab in addition to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (R-FC) for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The cost-effectiveness of rituximab in combination with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (R-FC) for the first line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was evaluated. Based on long-term clinical data (follow-up of 5.9 years) from the CLL8-trial, a Markov-model with three health states (Free from disease progression, Progressive disease, Death) was used to evaluate the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and cost per life years gained (LYG) of R-FC from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI). The addition of rituximab to FC chemotherapy results in a gain of 1.1 quality-adjusted life-years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of R-FC compared with FC was Euro17 979 per QALY (Euro15 773 per LYG). Results were robust in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. From the German SHI perspective, rituximab in combination with FC chemotherapy represents good value for first-line treatment of patients with CLL and compares favorably with chemotherapy alone.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Al(OTf)<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Regioselective N<sup>2</sup>–Arylation of Tetrazoles with Diazo Compounds

Regioselective methods to access alkylated tetrazoles still remain a challenging goal. Herein, we describe a novel regioselective protocol for N<sup>2</sup>-arylation of tetrazoles with diazo compounds using inexpensive Al(OTf)<sub>3</sub>. This reaction could be conducted under mild conditions to access a diverse array of alkylated tetrazoles with 2-substituted tetrazoles as the major products, demonstrating a comprehensive range of substrate compatibility and excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies revealed a carbene-free process in this reaction procedure. Furthermore, the scale-up reaction and transformations of the N<sup>2</sup>-arylation of tetrazole products demonstrated the potential of this strategy.

Topic: Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticides: Source of 2-Aminoacetophenone Formation in Wine?

2-Aminoacetophenone (AAP) is mainly responsible for the "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera wines, a negative change in the wine bouquet, which is described by odor taints such as 'furniture polish', 'wet wool', 'acacia blossom' or 'mothball'.AAP formation can be caused by photooxidation of tryptophan (TRP), which was previously shown under model conditions, by exposing free and lysozyme-bound tryptophan to UV light to be stored in model wine containing tartaric acid, sulphur dioxide and ethanol.The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the formation of AAP from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as TRP source and, therefore, to identify Bt as a possible reason for UTA appearance in wine.Bt produces toxins and spores during its sporulation phase.The toxins are proteins, which include a number of TRP residues and which are, besides the spores, responsible for its toxicity towards insects.In viticulture, Bt based products are used to fight the European grape vine moth.Applied on grapes, Bt is exposed to sunlight, where Bt-bound TRP might be photooxidized yielding AAP precursors, which are released into the grape must and transformed to AAP during acidic wine storage.To prove this hypothesis, UV irradiated and non-irradiated Bt spray liquids were first transformed into model wines, which then were stored in the absence of light.Non-irradiated Bt spray liquids produced AAP, but prior UV light exposure prevented AAP formation.In a second step, harvested grapes were studied, non-sprayed or sprayed with Bt, treated with or without UV irradiation and processed into wines.Similarly high AAP concentrations were obtained in all wines independent of the treatment with Bt or UV light, indicating that AAP precursors were already present on the studied grapes.However, the application of Bt in this study did not further enhance AAP formation, suggesting that additional factors such as aging processes of Bt residues in the vineyard might be involved.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Diseases of the Skin, Including the Acute Eruptive Fevers.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Therapeutic properties of glass‐ionomer cements: Their application to orthodontic treatment

Abstract Fluoride has been shown to be an effective agent in the prevention of caries during orthodontic treatment. Resin‐modified glass‐ionomer cements possess therapeutic anticariogenic properties acting as a fluoride reservoir and releasing fluoride into the environment, particularly at low pH where there is a threat of enamel demineralisation and white spot lesions (WSL’s). Patient compliance to instructions in standard oral hygiene measures limits the success of caries prevention and the routine use of glass‐ionomer cements can mitigate the lack of compliance, although RMGIC’s are not a panacea against WSL’s. The adhesion of GIC’s to the enamel surface is a physicochemical bond rather than a mechanical bond which reduces the risk of iatrogenic damage to the enamel when bonding and debonding attachments. RMGIC’s can be recommended as a bonding adhesive for all attachments but one needs to be selective when bonding molar attachments to avoid occlusal interferences as masticatory forces can be high in these areas.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences