jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vastus Lateralis Motor Unit Firing Rate Statistics During Fatigue In Younger Versus Older Adults

We examined the influence of fatigue on vastus lateralis motor unit firing rate statistics in younger versus older men. Twelve younger (mean ± SD age = 25 ± 3 years) and 12 older (age = 75 ± 8 years) men performed repeated isometric contractions at a force level corresponding to 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) while bipolar surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis. These signals were decomposed into individual motor unit action potential trains, and motor units with accuracy levels < 93.0% were not considered for analysis. For each subject, data was analyzed in two second intervals within separate 10% increments of overall time (i.e., 0–10%, 10–20%, etc.). There was no significant mean difference for time to task failure (mean ± SD younger = 86.5 ± 31.1 s, older = 98.3 ± 26.4 s; p = .329). The motor unit firing rate statistics showed no age × time interactions and no main effects for time. When collapsed across time, the mean recruitment thresholds were typically lower for the older subjects (younger = 24.1 pulses per second [pps], older = 19.8 pps; p = .084). Younger subjects demonstrated greater y-intercepts for the mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship (younger = 30.0 pps, older = 23.2 pps; p < .001). Although not statistically significant, the slopes were lower for the older adults (marginal means = −0.420 pps/%MVC versus −0.583 pps/%MVC; p = .067). Throughout the fatiguing task, younger subjects had more variable interpulse intervals than older subjects (32.4% and 30.5%, respectively; p = .009), despite similar force steadiness (2.5% and 2.1%, respectively). Most of the grouped interpulse intervals demonstrated non-normal distributions (skewness > 0 and kurtosis > 3). These data provided evidence of age-related differences in vastus lateralis motor unit firing rates, variability, and distributions, but these statistics remained largely invariant during fatigue. Example motor unit interpulse interval histograms for younger (top [age = 24 years]) and older (bottom [age = 78 years]) subjects at 0–10 (left) and 90–100% (right) of the total time. The data are not normally distributed at each time interval (skewness > 0; kurtosis > 3). Furthermore, the coefficients of variation of the interpulse intervals for the younger subject (44.6 and 39.7%) were substantially higher than those for the older subject (26.2 and 21.1%). Example motor unit interpulse interval histograms for younger (top [age = 24 years]) and older (bottom [age = 78 years]) subjects at 0–10 (left) and 90–100% (right) of the total time. The data are not normally distributed at each time interval (skewness > 0; kurtosis > 3). Furthermore, the coefficients of variation of the interpulse intervals for the younger subject (44.6 and 39.7%) were substantially higher than those for the older subject (26.2 and 21.1%).

Topic: Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
miR-24-3p stimulates migration, invasion and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 6.

Prostate cancer is among the most widespread malignancies affecting men in the world. Its aggressive evolution has been associated with altered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) but very little is known about the mechanism by which this alteration occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of SOCS6 in prostate cancer cells and the involvement of its regulating microRNA (miR), miR-24-3p. Prostate cancer cell lines were used to determine the transcription level of miR-24-3p and SOCS6 by quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell proliferation and cell migration assays were doneto determine the effect of miR-24-3p mimics and inhibitors on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Luciferase reporter assay with SOCS6 3'-UTR was performed to confirm the control of SOCS6 expression by the miR. The results showed that miR-24-3p was up-regulated in prostate cancer cells whereas SOCS6 protein was downregulated. Overexpression of miR-24-3p in prostate cancer cells promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and increased cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assays showed that SOCS6 is a direct target of its negative regulator miR-24-3p and overexpression of SOCS6 reverses the effects of miR-24-3p on the metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer cells. These results show case miR-24-3p up-regulation in prostate cancer and a mechanism for inhibition of SOCS6 expression. Thus, the miR-24-3p/SOCS6 pathway could be a relevant avenue for prostate cancer treatment.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Management of distally luxated left maxillary central incisor and intruded left maxillary canine by intentional replantation and extrusion followed by labial and lingual splinting and endodontic treatment: A case report

This case report presents a case of a patient with lateral luxation of the maxillary left central incisor and intrusive luxation of maxillary left canine. Patient had trauma due to bicycle fall 4 days ago. Clinical examination of maxilla revealed lateral luxation of the maxillary left central incisor, avulsion of maxillary left lateral incisor and intrusive luxation of maxillary left canine having grade III mobility. The maxillary right central incisor and maxillary right lateral incisor presented with grade I tooth mobility. The patient sustained lacerations and mucosal damage in maxillary left anterior region. Surgical extrusion and intentional replantation followed by splinting for 4 weeks were performed to treat these injuries. The patient was asymptomatic after one year of follow-up with no external or internal root resorption.

Topic: Dental Trauma and Treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Elegant anti-disturbance control for stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances based on fuzzy logic systems

There are a large number of non-harmonic disturbances generated by nonlinear exogenous systems in realistic engineering. The current disturbance observer is not applicable for estimating the non-harmonic disturbance with unknown nonlinear dynamics, thus greatly reducing the accuracy of the controller. This paper addresses a class of stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances including white noise and non-harmonic disturbance with unknown smooth nonlinear function, which can be approximated by fuzzy logic systems. Based on the approximation of the unknown nonlinear function, an adaptive disturbance observer (ADO) is constructed to estimate non-harmonic disturbance. Combining disturbance observer-based control with fuzzy control, an elegant anti-disturbance control (EADC) scheme is proposed such that the composite system achieves asymptotically bounded in mean square. Simulation examples show that the state responses of the system gradually approache [Formula: see text] from divergence, indicating that the effectiveness of the controller is satisfactory. In addition, the anti-disturbance control accuracy of EADC approximately improves [Formula: see text] times compared with [Formula: see text] control. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comparison between two image reconstructions on the measures of prostate-specific membrane antigen–positive tumor volume in 18F-PSMA-JK-7-PET/computed tomography

Objectives Tumor volume in prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-TV)–PET/computed tomography (CT) has shown an emerging impact for prognosis and response evaluation in patients with prostate cancer. We evaluated the robustness of different PSMA-TV delineation methods. Materials and methods A total of 40 18 F-JK-7-PSMA-PET/CT performed on the same scanner were analyzed. PSMA-TV measurements were performed using a standardized uptake value of 4.0 as a fixed threshold (T1), 41% of the single hottest voxel as an adaptive threshold (T2), and a liver-specific threshold (T3) for delineation in two reconstruction methods [four iterations and 12 subsets (R1) and three iterations and 21 subsets while applying a point spread function and a time-of-flight algorithm (R2)]. Differences between the segmentation thresholds in R1 and R2 were gathered and tested for statistical significance. Results PSMA-TV differed significantly between R1Tx and R2Tx for individual segmentation thresholds, with PSMA-TV in R2 being significantly smaller than in R1 using the same segmentation method. Comparing the differences in PSMA-TV between R1 and R2 reconstruction between the three separate segmentation thresholds showed significantly larger absolute volume differences for T2 compared with T3 and significantly larger relative volume differences for T2 compared with T1 and T3. Conclusion Reconstruction settings greatly influence the measurement of PSMA-TV, regardless of the segmentation threshold chosen; however, our results indicate that the fixed thresholds (T1 and T3) are less susceptible to reconstruction-induced volumetry effects than a relative threshold.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-Similar Hot Accretion Flow onto a Rotating Neutron Star: Structure and Stability

We present analytical and numerical solutions which describe a hot, viscous, two-temperature accretion flow onto a rotating neutron star or any other rotating compact star with a surface. We assume Coulomb coupling between the protons and electrons, and free-free cooling from the electrons. Outside a thin boundary layer, where the accretion flow meets the star, we show that there is an extended settling region which is well-described by two self-similar solutions: (i) a two-temperature solution which is valid in an inner zone $r\le10^{2.5}$ ($r$ is in Schwarzchild units), and (ii) a one-temperature solution at larger radii. In both zones, $ρ\propto r^{-2}, Ω\propto r^{-3/2}, v\propto r^0, T_p\propto r^{-1}$; in the two-temperature zone, $T_e\propto r^{-1/2}$. The luminosity of the settling zone arises from the rotational energy of the star as the star is braked by viscosity. Hence the luminosity and the flow parameters (density, temperature, angular velocity) are independent of $\dot M$. The settling solution described here is not advection-dominated, and is thus different from the self-similar ADAF found around black holes. When the spin of the star is small enough, however, the present solution transforms smoothly to a (settling) ADAF. We carried out a stability analysis of the settling flow. The flow is convectively and viscously stable and is unlikely to have strong winds or outflows. Unlike another cooling-dominated system --- the SLE disk, --- the settling flow is thermally stable provided that thermal conduction is taken into account. This strong saturated-like thermoconduction does not change the structure of the flow.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Silver jewelry of Hellenistic and Celtic type from Hrtkovci in Srem

Group find of the silver jewelry of the Hellenistic and Celtic type has been discovered by chance in the area of the Hrtkovci village. The find consists of gilded hinged fibula, three fibulae of the Middle La T?ne type and many pendants made of thin silver foil. Most of the finds are dated in the 2nd-1st century BC and only the new type of hinged fibula dates from considerably earlier period, possibly from the end of 4th or the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The new finds of silver jewelry discovered in the area of eastern Srem and dating from the Pre-Roman times confirm the existence of the local workshop connected most probably to the Pre-Roman fortified settlement in Sremska Mitrovica.

Topic: Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Retrospective on the Experience of Parental Pressure and Support by Male Participants that Withdrew from Competitive Youth Hockey: A Phenomenological Investigation

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of parental pressure and support for males who withdrew from competitive youth hockey. A phenomenological approach was used to explore this phenomenon and develop meaning from the participants' experiences. Data for this study was collected by conducting one in-depth interview with each of the seven participants. Fourteen themes emerged as a result of the data analysis. These themes were grouped into three clusters: (1) Description of parental involvement: “I want them to be there and help me”;&#13;\n(2) Perceived impacts of parental involvement: “I felt like he actually cared”; and (3) Impact of parental involvement on commitment: “I kind of miss hockey now”. The descriptions provided by the participants in this study, and the themes that emerged, offer insight into what it is like for young males to experience parental involvement in competitive youth hockey.

Topic: Youth Development and Social Support
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recreational Sports Law

This chapter discusses application of legal doctrines and defenses within recreational sport settings. Many of the concepts discussed here are very general in that they apply to an array of recreational sport settings. Some are more specific to particular recreational situations. The general concepts are introduced so that the reader appreciates the way courts apply the law across various types of recreational sports cases. The more specific concepts involve problems that are relevant, timely, and somewhat unique to particular recreational sports. Ultimately, recreational sports law is not a field of law with its own distinct legal norms. Instead, “recreational sports law” encapsulates legal applications that are more common to recreational sport cases than to others. Exposure to the contents of this chapter will provide the reader with a more nuanced understanding of those legal applications of which recreational sport providers and participants need to be the most concerned.

Topic: Doping in Sports
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ENGINEERING (SDE)? PERSPECTIVES FROM A PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING EDUCATION: M.SC. IN SDE AT AALBORG UNIVERSITY COPENHAGEN

Abstract Sustainable Design Engineering (SDE) is an emerging research field and the development of programmes aiming at educating sustainable design engineers is very limited. One example is the SDE program at the Aalborg University in Copenhagen, which is based on a Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. In this article we aim to address the following three research questions: i) why Sustainable Design Engineering? ii) what is Sustainable Design Engineering? iii) How can Sustainable Design Engineering be implemented? By means of two examples from master thesis projects in the building and food sectors.

Topic: Design Education and Practice
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MATHEMATICS STUDENTS TRYING TO BE DEMOCRATIC

After recording grade 6 students doing group work in mathematics class, we interviewed them to ask how they resolved conflicts. Every group told us that they voted, but we knew from the recordings that no group voted. Some groups told us that they took turns talking. Again, we knew better. However, when pressed the students told us that they stood up for their ideas. We knew from the recordings that they had done so. The difference between the students' apparent ideal practices and their actual practice prompted our reflection on the role of mathematics in democratic society, and on the pedagogical implications. Knowing mathematics is not enough. Democratic society depends on its people using mathematics in public discourse.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SUCCESSFUL RESULTS FOLLOWING CARTILAGE REPAIR IN THE KNEE USING A NOVEL SYNTHETIC OSTEOCHONDRAL SCAFFOLD.

Aim: To assess the safety and clinical and radiological outcome of the TruFit CB porous, resorbable scaffold for symptomatic osteochondral and chondral articular defects in the knee. Methods: 11 active sporting patients underwent cartilage repair using TruFit CB plugs (Smith & Nephew) for symptomatic defects on the medial or lateral femoral condyle. All had failed previous treatment (debridement/microfracture) and had persistent symptoms. Postoperatively patients were touch weight bearing for 2 weeks and partial until 4 weeks. Data was collected prospectively. The mean age was 34 (range 19 – 50) and 5 were male. Four lateral femoral condyle defects were treated, all associated with lateral meniscal tears. Four medial defects were associated with ACL injury (1), PCL injury (1) or isolated chondral injury (2). Single plugs were required in 5 (9mm in 3 and 7mm plugs in 2), 2 patients required 2 plugs (9mm and 7mm), and 2 required 3 (2×9mm + 1×7mm). Results: All 11 patients were improved at a mean follow up of 14.5 months (3–21 months) with 4 currently back to full pre-injury level of sport. Subjective IKDC scores improved from 45 pre-op to 79 post-op (p Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate that TruFit CB plugs offer a potential solution for small focal chondral defects, offering an alternative to microfracture or osteochondral grafting with advantages of low morbidity and rapid recovery without the need for prolonged non-weight bearing.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Where Do I Belong? Narratives of<i>Rodina</i>among Russian-speaking Youth in Kazakhstan

This essay engages critically with the personal narratives of rodina (home, motherland) among Russian-speaking youth in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. It is argued that the concept of rodina as an important locus of belonging cannot be imbued with a single meaning; instead, it is characterised by internal conflicts and variations. Supported by empirical material, the essay moves beyond the confines of ‘nation’ and ‘nationality’ to illustrate the different ways in which Russian speakers frame their perception of rodina, and how such narratives can influence the construction of self- and community-identification.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
OSTEOMYELITIS VARIOLOSA

Journal Article OSTEOMYELITIS VARIOLOSA Get access PETER COCKSHOTT, PETER COCKSHOTT University College HospitalIbadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MALCOLM MAOGREGOR MALCOLM MAOGREGOR University College HospitalIbadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 27, Issue 3, July 1958, Pages 369–387, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066820 Published: 01 July 1958 Article history Received: 21 October 1957 Published: 01 July 1958

Topic: Dermatological and Skeletal Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
First report of squash leaf curl virus detected in Proboscidea louisianica in Mexico

Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) was detected in Proboscidea louisianica and identified based on the nucleotide sequence of the viral capsid protein genome.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the begomovirus was associated with viral symptoms of the host weed.This is the first report of SLCV detected in P. louisianica.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Human sperm chromosome analysis in primary infertility: a preliminary report.

Human sperm chromosomes can be analyzed using the zona-free hamster egg system. In order to familiarize ourselves with this new technique and to investigate the chromosome aberration frequency in fertile and possibly infertile men, we performed sperm chromosome analysis in 39 successful experiments. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 was healthy men with proven fertility. Group 2 was husbands of couples with unexplained infertility. Semen samples were prepared freshly or preserved in TEST-yolk buffer for 12 to 72 hours. In group 1 using fresh samples, the mean penetration rate was 67.40 +/- 14.08% (mean +/- 2SD), the maturation index was 1.33 +/- 0.31. For samples treated with yolk buffer, the mean penetration rate was 91.34 +/- 7.42%, and the maturation index was 1.58 +/- 0.42. There was a statistically significant increase in penetration after yolk buffer treatment (p less than 0.001). In group 1 there were 89 haploid chromosomes, four were aneuploidy (4.5%), and three with structural aberrations (3.4%). In group 2, for fresh samples, the mean penetration rate was 71.34 +/- 27.96%, and the maturation index was 1.37 +/- 0.25. For samples treated with yolk buffer, the penetration rate was 86.33 +/- 25.18%, and maturation index 1.40 +/- 0.23. In group 2, there were 135 haploid chromosomes, 6 were aneuploidy (4.4%), and 4 with structural aberrations (3.0%). There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the penetration rate, maturation index and frequency of chromosome abnormalities.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The expression of Ang-1, Ang-2 and the Tie-2 receptor in colorectal cancer tissue and its significance

Objective: To study the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and the angiopoietin receptor (Tie-2) in colorectal cancer tissue, and analyze the correlation between their expression levels in colorectal cancer tissue and the histological differentiation of colorectal cancer; and to discuss their roles in the progression of colorectal cancer to provide new targets for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods: The immunohistochemical S-P and RT-PCR methods were used to detect the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 proteins and mRNA in the colorectal cancer tissue. Results: The expression of Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 in the cancer tissues with poor, moderate and high histological differentiation indicated that the lower the tumor differentiation, the higher the expression of protein and RNA (P<;0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 are positively correlated with the progression of colorectal cancer.

Topic: Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences