jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intergroup contact between professional groups: Two evaluation studies

Abstract We report two studies which evaluate practically‐oriented programmes of interprofessional contact involving doctors and social workers. The evaluation is based on the ‘contact hypothesis’ in intergroup relations, and highlights four sets of dependent measures: background perceptions, ingroup and outgroup ratings, knowledge, and judgements about work with outgroup partners and experienced contact. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, both studies revealed an improvement in outgroup attitudes, evidence of mutual intergroup differentiation (acknowledged superiority of ingroup and outgroup on independent dimensions), and increased outgroup knowledge. Greater change in Study 2 is interpreted in terms of its longer duration, and the opportunity it provided for contact with multiple outgroup members, compared with a single outgroup partner in Study 1. These findings from field studies are consistent with results from published laboratory experiments.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of the dicentric chromosome assay as a biodosimetry tool for more personalized medicine in a case of a high risk neuroblastoma <sup>131</sup>I-mIBG treatment

<b>Purpose:</b> The aims of this study were to estimate the whole - body absorbed - dose with the Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) (biodosimetry) for <sup>131</sup>I - metaiodobenzylguanidine (<sup>131</sup>I - mIBG) therapy for high - risk neuroblastoma, and to obtain an initial correlation with the physical dosimetry calculated as described by the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formalism (MIRD). Together both objectives will aid the optimization of personalized targeted radionuclide therapies. <b>Material and methods:</b> A 12 year-old child with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma was treated with <sup>131</sup>I-mIBG: a first administration with activity &lt;444 MBq/kg was used as a tracer in order to calculate the activity needed in a second administration to achieve a whole body prescribed dose of ∼4 Gy. Blood samples were obtained before and seven days after each administration to analyze the frequency of dicentrics. Moreover, consequent estimations of retained activity were done every few hours from equivalent dose rate measurements at a fixed position, two meters away from the patient, in order to apply the MIRD procedure. Blood samples were also drawn every 2- to -3 days to assess bone marrow toxicity. <b>Results:</b> For a total activity of 22,867 MBq administered over two phases, both biological and physical dosimetries were performed. The former estimated a whole-body cumulated dose of 3.53 (2.58–4.41) Gy and the latter a total whole-body absorbed dose of 2.32 ± 0.48 Gy. The patient developed thrombocytopenia grade 3 after both infusions and neutropenia grade 3 and grade 4 (based on CTCAE 4.0) during respective phases. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results indicate a possible correlation between biodosimetry and standard physical dosimetry in <sup>131</sup>I-mIBG treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. A larger cohort and refinement of the DCA for internal irradiation are needed to define the role of biodosimetry in clinical situations.

Topic: Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
White savage William Johnson and the invention of America

A new biography of the man who forged America's alliance with the Iroquois. William Johnson was scarcely more than a boy when he left Ireland and his Gaelic, Catholic family to become a Protestant in the service of Britain's North American empire. In New York by 1738, Johnson moved to the frontiers along the Mohawk River, where he eventually became a landowner; served as principal British intermediary with the Iroquois Confederacy; commanded British, colonial, and Iroquois forces that helped to defeat the French in 1755; and created the first groups of "rangers," who fought like Indians and led the way to the Patriots' victories in the Revolution. The key to Johnson's effectiveness was the style in which he lived as a "white savage." He had two wives, one European, one Mohawk; became fluent in Mohawk; and pioneered the use of Indians as active partners in the making of a new America.--From publisher description.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pathways and mechanisms of Late Ordovician (Katian) faunal migrations of Laurentia and Baltica; pp. 62–67

Late Ordovician strata within the Cincinnati Basin record a mass faunal migration event during the C4 and C5 depositional sequences. The geographic source region for the invaders and the paleoceanographic conditions that facilitated dispersal into the Cincinnati Basin has previously been poorly understood. Using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity, biogeographic relationships among Laurentian and Baltic basins were analyzed for each of the C1âC5 depositional sequences to identify dispersal paths. The results support multiple dispersal pathways, including three separate dispersal events between Baltica and Laurentia. Within Laurentia, results support dispersal pathways between areas north of the Transcontinental Arch into the western Midcontinent, between the Upper Mississippi Valley into the Cincinnati Basin, and between the peri-cratonic Scoto-Appalachian Basin and the Cincinnati Basin. These results support the hypothesis that invasive taxa entered the Cincinnati Basin via multiple dispersal pathways and that the equatorial Iapetus current facilitated dispersal of organisms from Baltica to Laurentia. Within Laurentia, surface currents and large storms moving from northeast to southwest likely influenced the dispersal of organisms. Larval states were characterized for the Richmondian invaders, and most invaders were found to have had planktotrophic planktic larvae. These self-feeding larvae have high dispersal potential, which â in conjunction with oceanographic and climatic conditions â enabled long-distance dispersal and interbasinal species migrations.

Topic: Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhancing Sensitivity of Assessment Instruments for Children: Graded Multidimensional Scoring

A comparison was made between two methods of scoring the Gestural Approach to Thought and Expression (GATE), a communication assessment for young children with visual impairments. The first method was a standard system of “correct” versus “incorrect” for each item. The second method of scoring used was the graded multidimensional scoring system (GMSS). This system provided a graded rating of frequency of response, generalization of response, initiation of response, and fluency of response for each test item. Ten children were administered the GATE as a pretest-posttest measure. When the correct versus incorrect scoring method was used, no significant difference was found between pretest and posttest. When the GMSS was used, significant differences were found for the four factors of frequency, generalization, initiation, and fluency. This suggests that the GMSS is more sensitive to small changes in behavior.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Decentralized base station assignment in combination with downlink beamforming

Decentralized base station (BS) assignment methods with limited backhaul information exchange are proposed to be combined with decentralized optimal multi-cell minimum power beamforming and Zero-Forcing (ZF) beamforming techniques. The aim of the combined BS assignment and downlink beamforming is to minimize sum power while guaranteeing a minimum SINR per user. A major finding is that a simple ZF beamforming with the optimal decentralized BS assignment, and with limited backhaul information exchange obtains near optimal performance near the cell edge when the user-specific SINR targets are high. Thus, only marginal gains are available from more complex BS assignment and beamforming approaches. However, in the case of low user-specific SINR targets, there is a significant gain available at the cell edge from the optimal beamforming and BS assignment. For example, a simple maximum channel norm selection based BS assignment method with the optimal minimum power beamforming can obtain much of this gain.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Severe bitter taste associated with apremilast

Apremilast, which is currently licensed for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is a small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Torres, 2018).An 83-year-old male with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis was referred to our Department of Dermatology with severe plaques and dactylitis of the second finger of his right hand.He was overweight (body mass index 29.4kg/m 2 ), had a Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) of 11, and complained of a drastic reduction in his quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] 23).As his medical history included a myocardial infarction and bladder cancer respectively two and three years earlier, biological treatment was absolutely contraindicated, and he failed to respond to narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) plus methotrexate, the only remaining on-label systemic treatment was with apremilast, a PDE-4 inhibitor.After precisely following the induction (10mg/day at day 1, 10+10mg/day at day 2, 10+20mg/day at day 3, 20+20mg

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Gene Transfer of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Inhibits Macrophages and Inflammatory Mediators in Vein Graft Disease

Abstract Vein graft disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and limits the late results of coronary revascularization. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators, we hypothesized that transfected CGRP gene inhibits macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators in vein graft disease. Autologous rabbit jugular vein grafts were incubated ex vivo in a solution of mosaic adeno-associated virus vectors containing CGRP gene (AAV2/1.CGRP) &amp;x3001;escherichia coli lac Z gene (AAV2/1.LacZ) or saline and then interposed in the carotid artery. Intima/media ratio were evaluated at postoperative 4 weeks, Macrophages were marked with CD68 antibody by immunocytochemistry. Inflammatory mediators were mensurated with real-time PCR. Neointimal thickening was significantly suppressed in AAV2/1.CGRP group. Macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)&amp;x3001;tumor necrosis factor&amp;x03B1;(TNF-&amp;x03B1;)&amp;x3001;inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS)&amp;x3001;matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was significantly suppressed in AAV2/1.CGRP group.Gene transfected AAV2/1.CGRP suppressed neointimal hyperplasia in vein graft disease by suppressed macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Circulating Immune Complexes in the General Hospital Population and in Patients Who Have Renal Disease: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Platelet Aggregation Test for Use in the Hospital Laboratory

The platelet aggregation test was used to measure circulating immune complexes in patients who had glomerulonephritis and autoimmune disease, and in unselected hospitalized patients. Titers higher than those for the control group were found for groups with acute glomerulonephritis, Berger's disease, renal transplants, lupus nephritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Hospitalized patients had titers that were higher than normal in more than one out of five cases. This preliminary study showed that the platelet aggregation test detects immune complexes in many conditions previously reported to give positive results with other assays. The test seemed suitable for use in most hospital laboratories, since it was simple, reliable, and inexpensive. The observation of detectable circulating immune complexes in 23% of the general hospital population suggests that this phenomenon may be more common than was previously suspected.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A-165 JAK2V617F Mutation Prevalence in Thrombophilia Profiles: A Regional Laboratory Experience

Abstract Background The somatic JAK2V617F mutation (JAK2) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Data are limited on the relationship between JAK2 and unexplained thrombophilia. As such, thrombophilia screening rarely includes JAK2 as a screening test, usually reserved for patients with thrombotic events in specific or unusual locations (e.g., mesenteric venous thrombosis). This study aims to determine the prevalence of JAK2 in patients with unexplained thrombophilia and its potential association in patients with cytosis. Methods Patients who had previously undergone thrombophilia profile including molecular testing with DNA-stored at TriCore Reference Lab during the 2022 calendar year were identified (n=359). 124 patients were sequentially selected to undergo JAK2 testing. All 359 patients were screened to determine the presence of = 1 cytosis: white blood cell, red blood cell, or platelet count above the respective reference range’s upper limit of normal either within one month of thrombophilia screening OR evidence of persistent cytosis. 23 patients had cytosis (11 in the sequential cohort, 11 additional patients with DNA, 1 patient with insufficient DNA). 11 additional patients with cytosis were tested for JAK2. Quantitative RT-PCR results were assigned qualitative values using JAK2 DNA standard clinically validated thresholds: 0%-0.5% negative, 0.5%-1% indeterminate, and &amp;gt; 1% positive. Results Of the 135 samples tested for the JAK2, mean age was 46 (range of 1-86) years, and 103 (76.3%) were female. 1/135 (0.7%) samples was positive for JAK2. The single positive sample (32-year-old male) was within original sequential cohort without cytosis. A Fisher Exact Test shows that there is no correlation with cytosis and JAK2 status (p=1). Conclusion These findings discourage using JAK2 in a first-line thrombophilia genetic screening panel, even in patients with concurrent cytosis. Future directions involve testing additional specimens to increase the sample size of random and cytosis groups. Clinical correlation would also potentially identify a additional associations with which patients could be screened for this testing.

Topic: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How to implement Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2013 recommendations on supportive oncology in community setting.

172 Background: The IOM 2013 report recommends supportive oncology services from diagnosis through survivorship and end of life. We examined what community institutions need in order to implement IOM recommendations. Funded by the Coleman Foundation. Methods: We conducted a survey of 35 institutions in a large urban area (13 cancer centers; 14 stand-alone cancer support centers, and 8 hospices) on institutional needs in implementing IOM recommendations. Results: Survey response rate was 100%. Respondents agreed on 8 of the top 10 priorities across the three organization types (Table). Local inter-institutional collaboration leveraging respective resources and facilitating care consistency across sites was the most frequently noted need. It was followed by the need for stratified care processes based on patient need and improved supportive oncology reimbursement. Priorities differed between Cancer Centers and other institution types on Consolidated screening tools* (p = .05, .09) and Care process for family / caregiver** (p = .006, .04). Conclusions: Supportive oncology care processes and tools are needed to implement IOM recommendations in the community. Our findings inform a roadmap for practical collaborative implementation of the IOM recommendations. Differing priorities across cancer institution types should be further explored and addressed within the roadmap. [Table: see text]

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DELPHI: A pattern-based method for detecting sequence similarity

We describe DELPHI, a new computational tool for identifying sequence similarity between a query sequence and a database of proteins. Use is made of a set of patterns obtained from the underlying database through a one-time computation. The patterns are subsequently matched against every query sequence presented to the system. A pattern matched by a region of the query pinpoints a potential local similarity between that region and all of the database sequences also matching that pattern. In a final step, all such local similarities are examined more closely by aligning and scoring the corresponding query and database regions. By prudently choosing a set of patterns, the method can be used to discover weak but biologically important similarities. We provide a number of examples using both classified and unclassified proteins that corroborate this claim.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does A Major Earthquake Change Attitudes and Well-Being Judgments? A Natural Experiment

Does a major natural disaster change life satisfaction? This study is a rare natural experiment, in which roughly half of the respondents completed the survey before and the other half completed it after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. A series of regression discontinuity design analyses showed that those who completed the survey after the earthquake reported being less satisfied with their lives than those who happened to complete the survey before the earthquake. There were no discontinuity on demographic variables and other consumer attitudes. The main findings remained virtually unchanged when we controlled for Big Five personality traits and demographic variables. Together, the current findings suggest that the experience of a major natural disaster changes their life satisfaction at least in the short run.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Role of Trust in Sustainable Management of Land, Fish, and Wildlife Populations in the Arctic

Sustainable resource management depends on support from the public and local stakeholders. Fish, wildlife, and land management in remote areas face the challenge of working across vast areas, often with limited resources, to monitor land use or the status of the fish-and-wildlife populations. Resource managers depend on local residents, often Indigenous, to gain information about environmental changes and harvest trends. Developing mutual trust is thus important for the transfer of knowledge and sustainable use of land resources. We interviewed residents of eight communities in Arctic Alaska and Canada and analyzed their trust in resource governance organizations using mixed-methods. Trust was much greater among Alaska (72%) and Nunavut (62%) residents than Churchill (23%). Trust was highest for organizations that dealt with fish and wildlife issues, had no legal enforcement rights, and were associated with Indigenous peoples. Local organizations were trusted more than non-local in Alaska and Nunavut, but the opposite was true in Churchill. Association tests and modeling indicated that characteristics of organizations were significantly related to trust, whereas education was among the few individual-level characteristics that mattered for trust. Familiarity, communication, and education are crucial to improve, maintain, or foster trust for more effective management of natural resources in such remote communities.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Spectral Component Geologic Modeling: An Improved Method for Integrating Seismic Data into Geologic Models

Abstract Geologic modeling and reservoir simulation provide information critical to successful commercialization of discovered and undeveloped reserves, as well as to the effective management of producing reservoirs. Often, uncertainty associated with the reservoir&amp;s characterization and with the geologic model can be reduced by integrating interpretations from multiple data sources, most commonly from the well and the seismic data. These data types provide very different, yet complementary information to the geologic model. The well data provide information over a broad range of scales, but these data are only sparsely sampled in the reservoir. The seismic data are more densely sampled, but provide only a limited scale of information. The integration of these two data types should properly account for their scale differences. Traditional geostatistical simulation methods do not properly account for the fact that the seismic data and the well data represent very different scales of information. Spectral Component Geologic Modeling (SCGM) properly accounts for the difference in scale between the seismic and the well data. A spectral component is an interpreted map or volume of a rock property. All spectral components contain information over a limited frequency bandwidth. A tentative geologic model is built by mathematically combining spectral components; each component providing information to the model that is limited with respect to its frequency content. The tentative geologic model is then constrained to honor the desired spatial continuity of the modeled property, the statistical distribution (histogram) of that property, and the properties measured at the well locations. Spectral simulation is used to honor the desired spatial continuity of the modeled property. With this method, the exact and non-stationary continuity information contained within the combined spectral components can be preserved in the constrained geologic model. As a result, depositional features such as sinuous channel sands, which are observed in the spectral components, are preserved in the model. An application of SCGM is presented. Results clearly show that the SCGM model honors both the spatial distribution and the spatial continuity of the modeled property, as they are represented in the spectral components.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences