jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Genetic Testing in Patients with Heritable Thoracic Aortic Diseases

Heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD) is a term used to define a large group of disorders characterized by the occurrence of aortic events, mainly represented by aneurysm or dissection. These events generally involve the ascending aorta, although the involvement of other districts of the aorta or peripheral vessels may occur. HTAD can be classified as non-syndromic if the disorder is limited to the aorta, and syndromic when associated with extra-aortic features. About 20–25% of patients with non-syndromic HTAD exhibit a family history of aortic disease. Thus, a careful clinical evaluation of the proband and the first-degree family members is required to differentiate familial and sporadic cases. Genetic testing is essential since it allows confirmation of the etiological diagnosis of HTAD (particularly in patients with a significant family history) and may guide family screening. In addition, genetic diagnosis significantly impacts patients’ management since the different conditions significantly differ with respect to natural history and treatment strategies. The prognosis in all HTADs is determined by the progressive dilation of the aorta, potentially leading to acute aortic events, such as dissection or rupture. Moreover, the prognosis varies according to the underlying genetic mutations. This review aims to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history of the most common HTADs, with particular emphasis on the role of genetic testing in risk stratification and management.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Circular Economy Models in Industry: Developing a Conceptual Framework

One of the trends in sustainable economic development is the transition to circular business models, which aim to optimize goods and material flows by taking into account their cyclical nature at all production stages. Adapting circular business models to mining and mineral processing operations can serve as an impetus for mining companies to upgrade and move to a new level of technological sophistication. This article attempts to develop a conceptual framework for circular business models factoring in the nature of production chains in coal mining, power generation, and metal production to reduce production costs, expand the product range, improve sustainable development indicators, and deliver growth in company value. This article is based on desk studies that were aimed at analyzing the efficiency of circular models, organizing data on experience in rational resource use in the mining industry, and transforming basic circular models into adapted ones for the environment in which coal companies operate. This study developed a conceptual framework of options for the implementation and evaluation of circular business models using an interdisciplinary approach and taking into account the specific features of coal companies and the principle of a resource being valuable throughout its whole life cycle. The proposed conceptual framework of circular business models can be used by Russian coal companies to design corporate strategies and long-term development plans.

Topic: Engineering and Environmental Studies
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuronal activity and amyloid-β promote tau seeding in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract The entorhinal cortex is the first region to develop tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease and primary age-related tauopathy, yet the reasons for this selective vulnerability remain unclear. We developed a computational model in which neuronal activity and amyloid-β (Aβ) modulate tau transport, hypothesizing that this mechanism explains entorhinal vulnerability to early tau pathology. The model combines structural connectivity with either neuronal activity (measured by heading hierarchy okayfluorodeoxyglucose, FDG PET) or amyloid-β burden (measured by Aβ PET). We analyzed Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data comprising 527 FDG PET scans (mean age 71.8 years; 174 cognitively normal, 293 mild cognitive impairment, 60 Alzheimer’s disease) and 1,244 Aβ PET scans (mean age 72.4 years; 501 cognitively normal, 588 mild cognitive impairment, 155 Alzheimer’s disease). From these, 253 FDG–tau and 453 Aβ–tau PET pairs were used in regression analyses. Key results were replicated in the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS; 300 FDG, 348 Aβ, 116 FDG–tau, and 255 Aβ–tau pairs). Both FDG- and Aβ-based models consistently identified the entorhinal cortex as a primary tau seeding region in ADNI (FDG: z ≈ 4.6–4.9, p &amp;lt; 0.0066; Aβ: z ≈ 4.0–8.7, p ≤ 0.011) and in HABS (FDG: z = 5.7, p = 0.030; Aβ: z = 6.0, p = 0.0018). Simple linear regression showed modest associations between model-derived seeding and empirical entorhinal tau in ADNI (FDG: β = 6.7, p = 0.0039; Aβ: β = 11.3, p &amp;lt; 0.001), which remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and APOE4 status (FDG: β = 7.1, p &amp;lt; 0.001; Aβ: β = 9.7, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Aβ-based associations replicated in HABS (β = 3.3, p &amp;lt; 0.001), while FDG-based correlations were not detectable in this predominantly cognitively normal cohort (β = −0.43, p = 0.80; power = 49%). These findings support a mechanistic role for neuronal activity and amyloid-β in initiating tau pathology, with the entorhinal cortex consistently emerging as highly vulnerable. Our computational model reliably identifies this region as the epicenter of pathology, supporting the idea that brain-wide patterns of neuronal activity and amyloid burden determine where tau pathology begins.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
P33. Body thickness correction in quantitative planar studies with a Gd-153 line source (Marconi STEP)

s: Abstracts of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of The British Nuclear Medicine Society Brighton Conference Centre, 10-12 April 2000: POSTERS

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of the Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity between Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Effort Angina Pectoris

Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the clinical categories of atherosclerotic diseases. There have been reports indicating that the pathological findings of coronary artery plaque differ between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and effort angina pectoris (EAP). The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) has been reported to be a good indicator of atherosclerotic disease. However, the baPWV may not be equally effective for evaluating ACS and EAP. In this study, we compared the baPWV in patients with ACS and those with EAP. Methods Two hundred and seventy patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, and were separated into normal (CONT), ACS and EAP groups according to the clinical and coronary angiographic findings. The baPWV was evaluated and the results were compared among the groups. Results The baPWV was significantly higher in the EAP group than in the other groups. The baPWV in the ACS group was almost the same as that of the CONT group and was significantly higher in the EAP group than in the ACS group across almost all age groups. Conclusion The present study showed that the baPWV is high in patients with EAP. In contrast, the baPWV in the ACS group was almost normal and was similar to that of the CONT group. ACS occurs due to plaque rupture induced by atherosis, which may occur independent of sclerosis in the coronary artery. EAP may occur in proportion to systemic arterial sclerosis. The baPWV is suitable for screening for EAP, but not for ACS.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the Gleason score of prostate biopsies in Chinese population

We assessed the correlation between BMI and Gleason score in prostate biopsies in Chinese Population. In this retrospective study, we collected the Gleason score, PSA, BMI, age, race, and other related clinical data on 290 patients who had undergone prostatic biopsy. We then compared the prostate cancer detection rates and Gleason scores between the high BMI group (BMI ≥ 25; 143 cases) and low BMI group (< 25; 147 cases). Among the 137 patients in whom prostate cancer detected, 70 had high BMIs and 67 had normal BMIs, making the detection rates 48.95% and 45.58% respectively. Seventeen prostate cancer patients had low Gleason scores (Gleason score < 7), while 120 had high Gleason scores (≥ 7). Within the high BMI group, 44.76% had high Gleason scores, which was significantly greater than the 38.10% in the low BMI group (P = 0.027). These results indicate that while there was no effect of BMI on the rate of positive prostate cancer biopsies, the rate of high Gleason scores was greater in the high BMI group than the normal BMI group.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Feasibility of the Prototype of Teaching Materials on the Topic of Classification of Living Things Based on the Advantage of Local Wetland

Competition in the field of education globally is increasingly competitive, but it has not been directly proportional to the development of education in several regions in Indonesia. Students still have difficulty in critical thinking, including the concept of classification of living things, because the teaching materials used are not fully related to the experience and environment of students. This study aims to develop teaching materials for the concept of classification of living things based on local potential. The development is carried out using Tessmer's formative model which includes five stages; 1) self-evaluation (self-evaluation); 2) expert opinion (expert review); 3) Individual trial (one to one); 4) small group trial; and 5) field test. The results showed that by developing a prototype of contextual teaching materials based on local advantages, it was able to increase students' interest, activity, and thinking skills which could be measured by increasing their learning outcomes.Abstrak Persaingan di bidang pendidikan secara global semakin kompetitif, namun belum berbanding lurus dengan perkembangan pendidikan di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Peserta didik masih mengalami kesulitan dalam berpikir kritis, diantaranya pada konsep klasifikasi makhluk hidup, karena bahan ajar yang digunakan belum sepenuhnya berkaitan dengan pengalaman dan lingkungan hidup peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengambangan bahan ajar konsep klasifikasi makhluk hidup berbasis potensi lokal. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan model formatif Tessmer yang meliputi lima tahapan; 1) evaluasi diri (self-evaluation); 2) pendapat pakar (expert review); 3) Uji coba perorangan (one to one); 4) uji coba kelompok kecil (small group); dan 5) uji lapangan (field test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan dilakukan pengembangan prototype bahan ajar kontekstual berbasis keunggulan lokal mampu meningkatkan minat, aktivitas, dan kemampuan berpikir siswa yang dapat diukur diantaranya dengan meningkatnya hasil belajarnya.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential Applications of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antithrombotic and Antioxidant Health-Promoting Properties of Curcumin: A Critical Review

The major constituent of turmeric, curcumin, is a bioactive phenolic compound that has been studied for its potential health benefits and therapeutic properties. Within this article, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic properties and mechanisms of action of curcumin are thoroughly reviewed and the main focus is shifted to its associated health-promoting effects against inflammation-related chronic disorders. An overview of the cardio-protective, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-microbial and neuro–protective health-promoting properties of curcumin are thoroughly reviewed, while relative outcomes obtained from clinical trials are also presented. Emphasis is given to the wound-healing properties of curcumin, as presented by several studies and clinical trials, which further promote the application of curcumin as a bioactive ingredient in several functional products, including functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and drugs. Limitations and future perspectives of such uses of curcumin as a bio-functional ingredient are also discussed.

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Selective Graphene Formation on Copper Twin Crystals

Selective graphene growth on copper twin crystals by chemical vapor deposition has been achieved. Graphene ribbons can be formed only on narrow twin crystal regions with a (001) or high-index surface sandwiched between Cu crystals having (111) surfaces by tuning the growth conditions, especially by controlling the partial pressure of CH(4) in Ar/H(2) carrier gas. At a relatively low CH(4) pressure, graphene nucleation at steps on Cu (111) surfaces is suppressed, and graphene is preferentially nucleated and formed on twin crystal regions. Graphene ribbons as narrow as ~100 nm have been obtained in experiments. The preferential graphene nucleation and formation seem to be caused primarily by a difference in surface-dependent adsorption energies of reactants, which has been estimated by first principles calculations. Concentrations of reactants on a Cu surface have also been analyzed by solving a diffusion equation that qualitatively explains our experimental observations of the preferential graphene nucleation. Our findings may lead to self-organizing formation of graphene nanoribbons without reliance on top-down approaches in the future.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[New aspects in the therapy of thrombosis and prevention of recurrence in pregnancy].

Therapy of phlebothrombosis during pregnancy general is carried out with heparin, in which case the initial hospital treatment may be continued later on with subcutaneous applications of heparin in the out-patient department. Regular clinical and apparative controls are performed during pregnancy within. Low dose heparin is injected up to the optimal dicumarol blood level (beginning with the 2nd day post partum) immediately pre-, intra- and postpartelly. - Coagulation analyses in 11 patients with former phlebothrombosis during pregnancy revealed no antithrombin III-deficiency, but hints to insufficient fibrinolysis in four cases.

Topic: Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 180: Expanding the definition of core binding factor leukemia

Abstract The core binding factor (CBF) transcription factor complex regulates coding and non-coding genes that play a critical role in hematopoiesis. Chromosomal rearrangements involving the two CFB subunits, RUNX1 and CFB beta, are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The fusion proteins resulting from these rearrangements deregulate the transcription of RUNX1-target genes, including microRNAs critical for KIT-mediated proliferation (e.g. miR-221) and myeloid differentiation (e.g. miR-223). We found that overexpression of miR-17, which downregulates RUNX1 level by targeting RUNX1-UTR, recapitulates the biological effects of CBF-AML fusion proteins by affecting the transcription of common coding and non-coding RUNX1-targets. Consistently, increased levels of miR-17 can be detected in AML patient samples displaying increased KIT level, but without evidence of CBF mutations. Based on these finding, we propose that the definition of CBF-AML leukemia can be expanded to accommodate leukemia induced not only by genetic factors but also epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs targeting RUNX1. Acknowledgements: Funding for this study was provided by a Roswell Park Alliance Foundation award, the University of Rochester-RPCI pilot grant, and the Mark Diamond Research Fund. Citation Format: John A. Fischer, Stefano Rossetti, Arani Datta, Alessandro Beghini, Nicoletta Sacchi. Expanding the definition of core binding factor leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-180

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Ferula pseudalliacea</i> induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway

Ferula species have diverse biological functions. This study set out to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of methanolic extract of F. pseudalliacea against human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. Cytotoxic effects of F. pseudalliacea on HCT-116 cells was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were employed to analyze BAX and Bcl2 expression. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were conducted using flowcytometry and Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) staining. Rhodamine 123 staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay were employed to quantify the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and caspase 3 activity, respectively. F. pseudalliacea markedly decreased HCT-116 cells viability. The gene and protein expression of BAX were increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased in F. pseudalliacea treated cells. F. pseudalliacea induced apoptosis via promotion of cell cycle arrest, caspase 3 activation, and destruction of MMP. These results demonstrate that F. pseudalliacea extract is able to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 cells mainly by activation of the mitochondrial pathway.

Topic: Plant chemical constituents analysis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Species differences in the interaction of serum albumin with antibiotics].

Interaction of oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, methicillin, nafcillin and benzylpenicillin with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with flow microcalorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The measured thermodynamic parameters of complex formation between the penicillins and HSA were compared with similar characteristics of their binding to bovine serum albumin. It was shown that there were species differences between these two globular proteins in their interaction with the above antibiotics in relation to both the number of the biopolymer active sites and the nature of the molecular forces in the complex formation. The effect of the first bound molecule of oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin and benzylpenicillin on HSA conformation was observed. It was demonstrated that there was thermostabilization of HSA on its interaction with the above drugs with preserving cooperative nature of thermal denaturation of the complexes in relation to HSA melting.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rebranding social distancing to physical distancing: calling for a change in the health promotion vocabulary to enhance clear communication during a pandemic

Amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, the term ‘social distancing’ received immense attention in the mainstream and social media and was embraced by governments as a universal precaution to stem the coronavirus pandemic. ‘Social distancing’ belongs technically to a set of non-pharmaceutical infection control actions intended to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease. However, several weeks into the outbreak, scholars discussed whether the term was, in fact, misleading and could be counterproductive. To study the arguments, the study design included (1) analysis of the performance of the concepts ‘social distancing’ and ‘physical distancing’ based on Google Trends (15 February–15 June 2020); (2) analysis of the arguments used in media discussions of ‘social distancing versus physical distancing’ in the period 15 March–15 April 2020, derived from a Google search; and (3) a scientific literature review in PubMed. The study was conducted in English. The trend analysis showed the peak and the decrease of the relative popularity of ‘social distancing’ and ‘physical distancing’ during spring 2020. The thematic analysis of Google sources yielded an overview of arguments based on nine themes with two to five sub-themes reflecting on the misleading concept, the historical perspective, the sociological perspective, the public health perspective, alternative proposals regarding the social and the physical dimensions, the distinction of terms, the political choice, and the need for rebranding. Two papers were included in the scientific literature review, which both stressed the need for a change of terminology. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that the choice of terminology matters when life-saving public health messages are designed. It is therefore recommended to rebrand ‘social distancing’ to ‘physical distancing’ to enhance clear communication during the current COVID-19 pandemic in order to prepare for future pandemics.

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rosarito III Power Plant Expansion: Design Build of the Cooling Water Intake Works and Pipeline

This paper presents the design-build pipeline case history and lessons learned on the cooling water for the power plant expansion in Rosarito, Baja California Mexico. The Owner is Alston Power and Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). The Contractor is Meisener Marine and the designer is Parsons Corporation. The cooling water intake pipeline for the Rosarito Power Plant consists of 710 m (2,330 ft) of 2.9 m (9.5 ft) seafloor Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe pipeline and five 2.4 m diameter intake heads as well as three maintenance access points. The intake is constructed in a seafloor trench with various armor rock sizes and tremie concrete armor. The main challenges included construction during high Pacific winter storms and the associated temporary cofferdam works. The main design challenge was configuring the intake to avoid sediment and air intrusion due to wave actions. This paper summarizes the design and construction challenges in the design-build setting.

Topic: Offshore Engineering and Technologies
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation using CORDIC algorithm for Single Phase Matrix Converter

This paper presents the implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) on FPGA using Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm for the application of Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). The CORDIC is used here to replace common technique i.e Look-Up Table (LUT) technique in generating the sinusoidal wave used in SPWM. The SPWM has been implemented on ALTERA's Cyclone II (EP2C70F896C6) and it shows that the number of memory bits used in FPGA can be significantly reduced if CORDIC is used compared to calculated tables techniques which requires excessive memory usage when better resolution is employed.

Topic: Numerical Methods and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences