jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faculty involvement in instructional materials development for distance study at the University of the South Pacific.

As a regional institution serving the needs of eleven different island nations of the South West Pacific, the University of the South Pacific is, along with its on‐campus face‐to‐face teaching activity, deeply committed to and reliant on distance study methods. Both these activities at the University are the principal responsibility of a single body of teaching staff. This investigation, through the means of a structured questionnaire, studied the involvement of members of the University's teaching staff in instructional materials development for distance study. It enquired into the time they spent on such activity, their levels of satisfaction with the materials they produced, various preferences and their views on how the process of instructional materials development at USP could be improved. Responses received revealed a rather unsatisfactory picture with a cry for, among other things, more time, advance planning, greater consultation among colleagues and adequate support services in instructional materials development for distance study.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma: the genetic alteration and the expression of CD44 variant].

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpes virus, was recently identified in 2-16% of gastric carcinomas. EBV-encoded small RNA was found in nearly all of the carcinoma cells even at the intramucosal stage. EBV in EBV associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is monoclonal based on Southern blot hybridization using probes adjacent to the unique terminal repeat of EBV-DNA. Furthermore, the genetic pathway of this carcinogenesis is different of EBVaGC: deletion of 5q and/or 17p and microsatellite instability are extremely rare in EBVaGC, in contrast to their high frequency in EBV-negative carcinomas. We also examined the relationship between the expression of CD44 variants and EBVaGC, and found the expression of CD44 variants was significantly correlated with EBV-etiology.

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Systemic gemcitabine combined with intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Seven cases

The combination of intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is effective against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy seems effective in many cancers. We report the results of combination therapy with systemic gemcitabine, intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-FU (GEMFP). Seven patients with non-resectable advanced HCC were treated with GEMFP. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily intra-arterial cisplatin (20 mg/body weight/hour on d 1, 10 mg/body weight per 0.5 h on d 2-5 and 8-12), followed by 5-FU (250 mg/body weight per 5 h on d 1-5 and 8-12) via an injection port. Gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously at 0.5 h on d 1 and 8. The objective response was 57%. The response to GEMFP was as follows: complete response (no patients), partial response (four patients), stable disease (three patients), and progressive disease (no patients). The median survival period was 8 mo (range, 5-55). With regard to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions, seven (100%), seven, six (86%) and one (14%) patients developed leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, respectively. GEMFP may potentially be effective for non-resectable advanced HCC, but it has severe hematologic toxicity.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of daylight intensity on the ascorbic acid content of three Nigerian leafy vegetables

The ascorbic acid content of leaves of three vegetables, Amaranthus viridis, Talinum triangulare and Telfairia occidentalis, was assessed at daylight intensities of 850, 700 and 354 lux. For each species, the ascorbic acid concentration was highest at 850 lux and least at 354 lux, while T. occidentalis had the highest concentration and A. viridis the lowest at all three daylight intensities. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries: Epidemiological Study at two Egyptian Centers over 2 Years

Background Data: Improving the knowledge about the epidemiology of the traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPI) helps in providing an appropriate assessment and management of these cases. This issue is important especially in those injuries that have much burden on the individual and national income. Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and outcome of traumatic brachial plexus injuries in Suez Canal University and Damanhur Medical National Institute Hospitals over 2 years. Study Design: A retrospective descriptive clinical case study. Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients had traumatic brachial plexus injury were operated by our team from January 2014 to December 2015. Data regarding the age, sex, causes of BPI, patterns of injury, surgical approaches, surgical procedures and recovery outcome were collected. Results: All the patients were males with mean age 31 years, 72% encountered road traffic accidents (RTA), and 90% were because of motorbike accidents. 60% showed upper BPI. Neurolysis, nerve grafting and nerve transfer were the surgical procedures that were followed. Functional recovery had been achieved in about 61% of the study population. Conclusion: Our study gives insight into epidemiological aspects of the BPI in Egypt and the role of our new center in the management of those injuries. Taking into consideration the small number of the study population, our results were more or less similar published literatures. (2016ESJ112)

Topic: Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 6015: Methylation synthetic lethality: <i>CHFR</i> methylation and KRAS inhibition in gastric cancers

Abstract Synthetic lethality is a promising therapeutic strategy, but the number of founder mutations is limited. In contrast, DNA methylation is frequently present in many types of cancers, and can be a potential target for a synthetic lethality. So far, BRCA1 methylation with a PARP inhibitor is known as a synthetic lethality [Kawachi et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat, 181:323-329, 2020]. In this study, we aimed to identify a novel methylation synthetic lethal combination in gastric cancers. Founder methylation was searched for in 8,008 genes with putative promoter CpG islands (CGIs), and 137 genes which were 1) heavily methylated and 2) frequently methylated in primary gastric cancers (10 or more of 50 cases) were selected. The association analysis between DNA methylation and gene expression showed that 10 of 137 genes were completely silenced in gastric cancer cell lines with methylation of their promoter CGIs, but were expressed in those without. Among these 10 genes, we focused on CHFR, a known tumor-suppressor gene in gastrointestinal cancers, and genes lethal for CHFR methylation were screened for using the sgRNA screening database (The Cancer Dependency Map, DepMap). Comparison of gene dependencies of 17,645 genes between four cell lines with CHFR methylation and 12 cell lines without revealed that knockout of KRAS reduced cell growth specifically in cell lines with methylation. This synthetic lethality could be experimentally confirmed in two cell lines with CHFR methylation, AGS and 44As3, and three cell lines without, HSC41, HSC42, and MKN74. These cell lines included those not used in the screening, validating the usefulness of the combination. These results showed that gastric cancers with CHFR methylation were sensitive to KRAS inhibition, and that methylation synthetic lethality is a promising therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Hideyuki Takeshima, Takahiro Ebata, Yumi Furuichi, Satoshi Yamashita, Toshikazu Ushijima. Methylation synthetic lethality: CHFR methylation and KRAS inhibition in gastric cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6015.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular Structures and Electronic Structures of Transition-Metal Mixed-Sandwich Complexes, [CpFe(II)(PhX)](+1) and Ferrocene

The local structures of the transition-metal mixed-sandwich complexes, [CpFe(II)(PhX)](+1). (Cp =η 5 -cyclopentadienyl; PhX =η 6 -benzene and its derivatives), have been studied by EXAFS and density-functional theory (DFT). Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra were measured at 10K and analysed by a two-shell model, and DFT calculations were made to predict more detailed molecular structures. Both methods give the Fe-C distance of ferrocene in good agreement with electron diffraction in gas phase. For the mixed-sandwich complexes, EXAFS and DFT provide similar structures that the Fe-C distance in the Ph-pyramid is slightly longer than that in the Cp-pyramid for all the derivatives except the [CpFe(C 6 (CH 3 ) 6 )](+) complex. It is found by DFT that the Fe-C(X) distance in the PhX-pyramid changes depending on whether the substituent X is an electron donnor or an electron acceptor. We discuss the dependence from the valence MO's and the Mulliken population analysis.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Complex visual hallucinations associated with deficits in vision : the Charles Bonnet Syndrome

The Charles Bonnet syndrome is characterized by complex visual hallucinations in people without psychopathology or disturbance of normal consciousness. This thesis highlights the association of visual deficits with the syndrome, and proposes that it is analogous to the perception of phantom limbs; both conditions arise when normal sensory input to the brain is severely reduced. The five studies that comprise this thesis systematically gather information on the syndrome to answer three basic questions: how can the hallucinations be classified, what are the clinical implications for individuals who experience them, and what might cause the hallucinations. Study 1 examines 64 cases described in the literature. Demographic information on the hallucinators, properties of the hallucinations, initiating factors, as well as etiological mechanisms are reviewed. Study 2 examines the properties of the hallucinations in a sample of 60 subjects and reveals, by statistical analysis, a dimension of the hallucinatory experience that ranges from discrete, singular perceptual experiences to multiple changing experiences. Studies 3 and 4 examine the mental status of hallucinators score within the normal range on tests of anxiety, depression, and psychological symptomology and exhibit no evidence of gross cognitive impairment. A detailed analysis of results show that a small proportion of hallucinators score within the normal range on tests of anxiety, depression, and psychological symptomology and exhibit no evidence of gross cognitive impairment. A detailed analysis of results show that a small proportion of hallucinators endorse comparatively more symptom-oriented items than the remainder of hallucinators, as well as more items non-hallucinators (in Study 4). Finally, Study 5 examines the performance of two hallucinating groups as well as a group of visually impaired non-hallucinating on threshold estimation and signal detection tasks. The results of the combined studies indicate

Topic: Hallucinations in medical conditions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1403408: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interference and control of sharppod morningglory (Ipomoea cordatotriloba dennstedt) in glyphosate-resistant cotton.

Sharppod morningglory is a perennial vine commonly found infesting croplands in Texas and the southeastern United States. Previous research regarding morningglory competition and control primarily focused on annual Ipomoea. Interference, control, and herbicide translocation of sharppod morningglory could differ from that of other morningglories because of differences in growth and resource allocation. Therefore, field and laboratory experiments were conducted from 2001 to 2004 to: 1) determine the effects of seed-propagated and root-sprouted sharppod morningglory on cotton economic value, yield, harvest efficiency, and fiber quality; 2) evaluate sharppod morningglory control with cotton herbicides, and determine the effect of diuron rates on glyphosate absorption and translocation; and 3) assess the impact of cotton herbicide program and cotton-corn rotation on weed species composition over three years. \n A relatively large proportion of sharppod morningglory biomass was accumulated belowground during the first 8 wk of growth in the greenhouse. Consequently, up to 6 plants 10-m row-1 did not significantly reduce cotton lint yield. Sharppod morningglory density impacted color grade more than any other classification parameter. Through combined effects on yield and quality, cotton lint value was reduced by approximately 85% in the presence of 8 sharppod morningglory 10 m-1. Glyphosate alone did not completely control sharppod morningglory. The use of glufosinate, bromoxynil, or a combination of glyphosate plus diuron provided acceptable control. Sharppod morningglory absorbed up to 75% of glyphosate when applied alone, but most glyphosate was retained in treated leaves and did not translocate well. Diuron decreased absorption, increased leaf retention, and inhibited glyphosate translocation to roots. \n Rotation to corn and the use of preemergence herbicides in cotton improved control of grass and broadleaf weeds during the year of treatment. In the season following the 3-yr rotation, there were no lasting effects of crop rotation on density or control of grasses and broadleaves. However, hand-hoed and herbicide treated plots resulted in weed densities 2- to 3-fold lower than the untreated. Preemergence herbicides and/or crop rotation can reduce weed density and improve weed control, but these strategies must be employed long-term to reduce density of problematic weeds through depletion of the soil seedbank.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Compositionality and the Prospect of a Pluralistic Semantic Theory

A semantic theory is committed to semantic monism just in case every particular semantic property posited by the theory is a member of the same kind. The commitment to semantic monism appears to draw some support from the need to provide a compositional semantics, since taking a single kind of semantic property as key to a semantic theory affords a uniform pattern on the basis of which the meaning of any given sentence can be compositionally determined. This line of support highlights a tension between the principle of compositionality and taking a more pluralistic approach to semantic theorizing. In this essay, that tension is relieved, leaving open the prospect of a pluralistic semantic theory that observes the principle of compositionality.

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Cytoplasmic Irradiation Results in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DRP1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Direct DNA damage is often considered the primary cause of cancer in patients exposed to ionizing radiation or environmental carcinogens. Although mitochondria are known to play an important role in radiation-induced cellular response, the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic stimuli modulate mitochondrial dynamics and functions are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions triggered by α particle damage to the mitochondria in human small airway epithelial cells, using a precision microbeam irradiator with a beam width of 1 μm. Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation using this device resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation and a reduction of cytochrome &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt; oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity, when compared with nonirradiated controls, suggesting a reduction in respiratory chain function. In addition, mitochondrial fragmentation or fission was associated with increased expression of the dynamin-like protein DRP1, which promotes mitochondrial fission. DRP1 inhibition by the drug mdivi-1 prevented radiation-induced mitochondrial fission, but respiratory chain function in mitochondria inhibited by radiation persisted for 12 hours. Irradiated cells also showed an increase in mitochondria-derived superoxide that could be quenched by dimethyl sulfoxide. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the extranuclear, nontargeted effects of ionizing radiation. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(22); 6700–10. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
IMPACT OF THE 2011 TSUNAMI ON THE GEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN KESENNUMA BAY, MIYAGI, JAPAN

津波のリスクが高い沿岸域における防災減災対策の強化に向けた基礎資料として,津波による海底地形および底質の変化の情報は有用である.気仙沼湾も,2011年3月11日に襲来した津波によって,海底が削剥され,多くの瓦礫が流入した.津波襲来後の地形変化と底質分布特性を明らかにするために,音響解析装置を用いて,水深と反射強度の情報を取得した.反射強度と採集した底質試料の物性の関係を基に,底質分布を把握した.震災前後の地形を比較した結果,急激に湾の幅が狭くなる奥部(狭窄部および気仙沼漁港)で海底が削剥されていた.サイドスキャンイメージによると,狭窄部と湾南東部には瓦礫が密集してデューンが形成されていることが判明した.このことは,津波による海底の削剥が局所的であり,陸域から流入した瓦礫が偏在することを示唆している.

Topic: Earthquake and Tsunami Effects
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A sampling-based approach to nonparametric dynamic system identification and estimation

We propose a probabilistic framework for nonparametric identification and estimation of dynamic systems. Under the parametric paradigm, a model of the system and a set of observations are given and the parameter space of the model is searched to optimize an objective function. However, if we are uncertain about the model, the parametric approach can easily overfit data and lead to risky decisions. In nonparametric estimation, the model uncertainty is introduced in a systematic manner to find both the model and associated parameters of the system. In this paper, we consider a dynamic system consisting of a varying number of subsystems with noisy observations. The objective is to identify the subsystems at each time step and estimate the associated parameters such that the observations are explained the best. We develop an efficient algorithm based on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and apply our approach to multiple target tracking problems. We address the issues with the subsystem initiation and termination and initial state estimation. In simulation our algorithm shows excellent performance for tracking a varying number of maneuvering targets with nonlinear dynamics. In some cases our algorithm outperforms any linear filtering algorithm with perfect associations.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LEXICAL CONVERGENCE AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

In this study we want to investigate the role of lexical repetitions (ie &amp;quot;inter-speaker &amp;quot; repetitions) in conversation between second language learners and target language speakers. our interest mainly focuses on how lexical repetitions can potentially be part of the language acquisition process. For example, we want to find out whether language learners use lexical repetitions more than native language speakers in similar types of conversation and if target language speakers use more lexical repetitions when talking to language learners than to other native speakers. We also want to compare the amount of lexical repetitions produced by language learners with two different native languages and different cultural background (Finnish and Latin-American Spanish speaking) and by native speakers talking to these language learners. In addition to this, we want to see what possible functions of lexical repetitions are found in spoken interaction learner- target language speaker (TLS). The study is, thus, concerned with: a) thefrequency of lexical repetitions produced by the language learner and the target language speaker b) the possible/probable functions of learner and TLS repetitions in context C) the possible relation between the function and frequency of lexical repetitions and the language acquisition process. 2. Background 2.1. Convergence The fact that the linguistic expressions of most speakers in most types of spoken interaction show a good deal of similarity has been attested in several

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Listeria infection modulates mitochondrial dynamics

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are central to several cellular processes, the most prominent being energy production. Several reports have shown that pathogens target mitochondria in various ways to interfere with apoptosis, but to our knowledge only one study has specifically addressed the effects of infection on mitochondrial dynamics. We focused on this aspect during infection with the intracellular pathogen L. monocytogenes and could recently show that this bacterium profoundly alters mitochondrial dynamics, causing transient fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. This mitochondrial fragmentation occurs early during infection and is specific to pathogenic L. monocytogenes, as it is not observed with other intracellular pathogens. The relevance of mitochondrial dynamics for L. monocytogenes infection is highlighted by the finding that siRNA-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fusion or fission decreases or increases the efficiency of L. monocytogenes infection, respectively. The main bacterial factor responsible for mitochondrial network disruption was identified as the secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O, which also appeared to impair mitochondrial function. Our work suggests that in order to establish an efficient infection, L. monocytogenes interferes with cellular physiology at early timepoints by transient disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and function

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences