jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mapping genes for growth rate and fatness in a Large White x Meishan F<sub>2</sub>pig population

DNA-based markers and genetic maps of major livestock species have been developed in the last few years. These, together with experimental populations and appropriate statistical methods, provide the tools to dissect causes of economically important genetic variation in livestock. A cross between genetically diverse lines is a powerful experimental design for such a study. In an F 2 or backcross population from such a cross, markers are likely to be highly informative and the genes that control the differences between the lines will be segregating. We have been developing such a resource population based on a cross between the British Large White and Chinese Meishan pigs. These breeds differ for many traits, with the Meishan being inferior for growth rate and fatness, but superior for reproduction traits. Here we report the mapping of major genetic effects on growth rate and fatness in our cross.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of electrostatic interaction on the phase stability and structures of cubic phases of monoolein/oleic acid mixture membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta

ABSTRACT To elucidate effects of electrostatic interactions resulting from surface charges on structures and phase stability of cubic phases of lipid membranes, membranes of 1-monoolein (MO) and dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) (DOPA/MO membrane) mixtures have been investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering method. As increasing DOPA concentration in the DOPA/MO membrane at 30 wt % lipid concentration, a phase transition from Q224 to Q229 phase occurred at 0.6 mol% DOPA, and at and above 25 mol % DOPA, DOPA/MO membranes were in the La phase. As NaCl concentration in the bulk phase increased, for 10 % DOPA/90 % MO membrane in excess water, a Q229 to Q224 phase transition occurred at 60 mM NaCl, and then a Q224 to HII phase transition occurred at 1.2 M NaCl. Similarly, for 30 % DOPA/70 % MO membrane in excess water, at low NaCl concentrations it was in the La phase, but at and above 0.50 M NaCl it was in the Q 224 phase, and then at 0.65 M NaCl a Q224 to HII phase transition occurred. These results indicate that the electrostatic interactions in the membrane interface make the Q229 phase more stable than the Q224 phase, and that, at larger electrostatic interactions, the La phase is more stable than the cubic phases (Q 224 and Q229). We have found that the addition of tetradecane to the MO membrane induced a Q224-to-HII phase transition and also that to the 30 % DOPA/70 % MO membrane induced an La-to-HII phase transition. By using these membranes, the effect of the electrostatic interactions resulting from the membrane surface

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Bioavailability of ampicillin suspensions].

The rate of ampicillin transfer into solution from suspensions of 2 types, i.e. suspensions of anhydrous ampicillin and suspensions of ampicillin trihydrate was studied. Conditions for estimation of the rate of ampicillin dissolution from the suspensions were developed. The pharmacokinetics of the pharmaceutical forms was studied on dogs. Definite advantages of the anhydrous ampicillin suspension were shown as compared to the ampicillin trihydrate suspension.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Noncentral Limit Theorems for Quadratic Forms in Random Variables Having Long-Range Dependence

We study the weak convergence in $D\\lbrack 0, 1\\rbrack$ of the quadratic form $\\sum^{\\lbrack Nt\\rbrack}_{j = 1} \\sum^{\\lbrack Nt\\rbrack}_{k = 1} a_{j - k} H_m (X_j)H_m(X_k)$, adequately normalized. Here $a_s, -\\infty &lt; s &lt; \\infty$ is a symmetric sequence satisfying $\\sum |a_s| &lt; \\infty, H_m$ is the $m$th Hermite polynomial and $\\{X_j\\}, j \\geq 1$, is a normalized Gaussian sequence with covariances $r_k \\sim k^{-D} L(k)$ as $k \\rightarrow \\infty$, where $0 &lt; D &lt; 1$ and $L$ is slowly varying. We prove that, for all $m \\geq 1$, the limit is Brownian motion when $1/2 &lt; D &lt; 1$ and it is the non-Gaussian Rosenblatt process when $0 &lt; D &lt; 1/2$.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramic Coatings on the Strength Distribution of Silicon Carbide Materials

Sintered α‐silicon carbide and siliconized silicon carbide tubular materials were plasma‐spray coated with various ceramic oxides using conventional air plasma‐spraying technology. The strength distributions of the coated tubes were evaluated by fracturing samples at room temperature using a c‐ring test configuration. Changes in strength are explained using statistical treatments of the data, including a Weibull approach. Failure origins are characterized using fractography via scanning electron microscopy. The stength of plasma‐spray coated SiC was equivalent or superior to that of as‐received material, despite a surface pretreatment which induced surface flaws in the SiC substrate.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Working capital management in supply chain

Цель: разработка координирующей модели управления рабочим капиталом в совместной цепочке поставок\nЗадачи исследования: идентифицировать пробелы в научных исследованиях управления рабочим капиталом в цепи поставок; улучшить методологию управления рабочим капиталом в цепях поставок через создание координирующей модели модифицированного коллаборативного цикла оборота денежных средств в цепях поставок; проанализировать координационное моделирование управления рабочим капиталом в цепях поставок, используя подход тематического исследования. \nОсновные результаты: обнаружен пробел в исследованиях - управление рабочим капиталом в совместных цепях поставок; создана координирующая модель управления рабочим капиталом в цепях поставок с 3PL-провайдером в роли координатора децентрализованной цепи поставок; результаты применения координационного моделирования показали значительное сокращение издержек модифицированного коллаборационного цикла оборота денежных средств в каждой из четырёх коллаборативных цепочек поставок.

Topic: Working Capital and Financial Performance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of MgO/NH4H2PO4 Ratio on the Properties of Magnesium Phosphate Cements

Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are formed when an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP, NH4H2PO4) and magnesium oxide (MgO) react in the presence of other aggregates for filling or reinforcement (e.g., fibers, waste, and sand). Therefore, understanding how the MgO/ADP ratio influences phase formation to produce cementitious matrices with better performance is essential. MgO dissolved in an acid solution undergoes numerous transformations because of which different opinions exist regarding the mechanisms by which the setting reactions and formation of hydrated phases occurs in MPCs. In this study, the effect of different MgO/ADP ratios on the properties of MPCs was evaluated regarding phase formation using X-ray diffraction, setting time, and pore size distribution. Increased ADP concentration was found to increase the concentration of hydrated phases, however, this increases the pore content while decreasing the apparent density of MPCs. Compared with compositions with lower MgO/ADP ratios, the composition with the highest MgO/ADP ratio required higher setting time due to the lower concentration of hydrated phases.

Topic: Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
VLSI Implementation of Neural Classifiers

The embedding of neural networks in real-time systems performing classification and clustering tasks requires that models be implemented in hardware. A flexible, pipelined associative memory capable of operating in real-time is proposed as a hardware substrate for the emulation of neural fixed-radius clustering and binary classification schemes. This paper points out several important considerations in the development of hardware implementations. As a specific example, it is shown how the ART1 paradigm can be functionally emulated by the limited resolution pipelined architecture, in the absence of full parallelism.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Information theory applied to evaluate the discharge monitoring network of the Magdalena River

The acquisition of good hydrologic information is an important issue in water management since it is the basis of decisions concerning the allocation of water resources to different users. However, sufficient data are often not available to describe the behaviour of such systems, especially in developing countries, where monitoring networks are inappropriately designed, poorly operated or are inadequate. Therefore, it is of interest to design and evaluate efficient monitoring networks. This paper presents two methodologies to design discharge monitoring networks in rivers using the concepts of Information Theory. The first methodology considers the optimization of Information Theory quantities and the second considers a new method that is based on ranking Information Theory quantities with different possible monitor combinations. The methodologies are tested for the Magdalena River in Colombia, in which the existing monitoring network is also assessed. In addition, the use of monitors at tributaries is explored. It is demonstrated that the ranking method is a promising way of finding the extremes of Pareto fronts generated during multi-objective optimization processes and that better (more informative and less redundant) monitoring network configurations can be found for the Magdalena River.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data from MicroRNA Replacement Therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a Is Efficacious in a Model of Colon Carcinoma

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MicroRNAs (miRNA) aberrantly expressed in tumors may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. miR-145 is downregulated in various cancers including colon carcinoma in which &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies have established proapoptotic and antiproliferative roles. miR-33a was connected recently to cancer through its capacity to downregulate the oncogenic kinase Pim-1. To date, miRNA replacement therapy has been hampered by the lack of robust nonviral delivery methods for &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; administration. Here we report a method of miRNA delivery by using polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated delivery of unmodified miRNAs, using miR-145 and miR-33a to preclinically validate the method in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. After systemic or local application of low molecular weight PEI/miRNA complexes, intact miRNA molecules were delivered into mouse xenograft tumors, where they caused profound antitumor effects. miR-145 delivery reduced tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis, with concomitant repression of c-Myc and ERK5 as novel regulatory target of miR-145. Similarly, systemic injection of PEI-complexed miR-33a was validated as a novel therapeutic targeting method for Pim-1, with antitumor effects comparable with PEI/siRNA-mediated direct &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; knockdown of Pim-1 in the model. Our findings show that chemically unmodified miRNAs complexed with PEI can be used in an efficient and biocompatible strategy of miRNA replacement therapy, as illustrated by efficacious delivery of PEI/miR-145 and PEI/miR-33a complexes in colon carcinoma. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(15); 5214–24. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 949627: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypermethylation of TFPI2 correlates with cervical cancer incidence in the Uygur and Han populations of Xinjiang, China.

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor, which plays an important role in the etiology of human malignancies. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification of the genome that is involved in regulating many cellular processes. In addition to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, DNA methylation may play a role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Methylation of 22 CpG sites in the promoter region of the TFPI2 gene was detected by MassARRAY spectrometry and a gene mass spectrogram was drawn using MALDI-TOF MS. HPV16 was detected by PCR. We show that aberrant methylation of TFPI2 is present in a higher proportion of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) clinical samples as compared to normal cervical samples in Uygur and Han. Across the four pathologic lesions of the progression of cervical cancer, ICC showed the highest level of aberrant methylation, and with a stronger correlation between CpG site and lesion grade in Uygur than in Han. Moreover, a difference in TFPI2 methylation between Uygur patients positive and negative for HPV16 infection was observed at CpG_6 (P = 0.028) and CpG_15 (P = 0.007). Altogether, these results indicate that DNA methylation of TFPI2 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and that the differential methylation of TFPI2 may at least partially explain the disparity in cervical cancer incidence between Uygur and Han women.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Political Economy of Public Subsidies

The article presents a model to explain cross-national variations in public subsidies. The model incorporates demand-and-supply variables as well as the effects of policy linkages. It predicts that public subsidies are higher in small countries, where unemployment is high, agriculture plays a large role in the economy, left-wing parties are in power, and tariffs and social security transfers are low. The findings tend to confirm six of the seven hypotheses. The study supports Cameron's (1978) assertion that the openness of the economy is a major factor in the expansion of the public economy. Even though the data do not clearly confirm or disconfirm any specific theoretical framework, they are more consistent with the pluralist model, with its insistence that political influence varies from issue to issue and that political actors play a major role in the policy process. Finally, the most interesting finding pertains to the role of policy linkages.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ligand-Steered Modeling and Docking: A Benchmarking Study in Class A G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important targets for drug discovery. However, a large set of experimental structures, essential for a structure-based approach, will likely remain unavailable in the near future. Thus, there is an actual need for modeling tools to characterize satisfactorily at least the binding site of these receptors. Using experimentally solved GPCRs, we have enhanced and validated the ligand-steered homology method through cross-modeling and investigated the performance of the thus generated models in docking-based screening. The ligand-steered modeling method uses information about existing ligands to optimize the binding site by accounting for protein flexibility. We found that our method is able to generate quality models of GPCRs by using one structural template. These models perform better than templates, crude homology models, and random selection in small-scale high-throughput docking. Better quality models typically exhibit higher enrichment in docking exercises. Moreover, they were found to be reliable for selectivity prediction. Our results support the fact that the ligand-steered homology modeling method can successfully characterize pharmacologically relevant sites through a full flexible ligand−flexible receptor procedure.

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Gli sguardi degli altri

The refugee’s gaze is always plural and not only able to grasp, but also to promote the different dimensions of culture: an event, a landscape, a human activity unfold in front of their gaze, with the memory of a different environment, far away in time, as a constant background. The first edition of the initiative Filmare l’Alterità (Filming Otherness), created by the SAGAS Department of the University of Florence, was born with a clear goal: to try and represent this gaze through mobile devices and moving images. What we asked foreign citizens living in Florence and in the neighbouring towns was to not to tell us about their life, but about ours, and to do it by starting from the urban landscape.

Topic: Italian Fascism and Post-war Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Xiphoidectomy for xiphoid process-induced pain in a surfer

A 53-year-old man who had been surfing for more than 30 years was referred to our hospital with upper abdominal wall pain. Computed tomography showed that his xiphoid process was protruding forward and the overlying skin was thickened. We diagnosed chronic abdominal wall pain due to repeated compression between the surfboard and his xiphoid process. To relieve the pain, we performed a xiphoidectomy. The pain resolved after surgery and he resumed surfing 26 days postoperatively. Xiphoidectomy is effective for treating xiphoid process-induced pain in surfers.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
16 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EPIDIDYMAL SPERM TRAITS OF BONSMARA AND NGUNI BULLS

The recovery and preservation of sperm from the epididymides of slaughtered breeding bulls is a viable option in maintaining their germplasm for artificial insemination or for future use in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the quality of epididymal sperm derived from slaughtered Bonsmara and Nguni bulls. The study used 20 bulls that were 2 years of age, 10 from each breed. Twenty pairs of testes from Bonsmara and Nguni bulls were removed by orchiectomy within 20 min of slaughter, and semen was extracted from the cauda epididymis. The testicle length and weight were measured. Semen from bulls of the same breed was pooled and sperm characteristics were evaluated using a computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Collected semen samples were then extended (1:1) in egg yolk citrate (EYC) extender and stored at 5°C. Sperm motility rate was evaluated at 0, 24, 30, and 48 h during in vitro semen storage. Data were analysed by ANOVA. The Bonsmara bull’s testicle length (13 ± 0.31cm) and weight (290 ± 0.24 g) were higher than that of the Nguni bulls (10.3 ± 0.11 cm and 275 ± 0.42 g; P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in fresh total sperm motility rate (74.4 ± 2.14 v. 75.8 ± 3.11%) or concentration (5.31 ± 1.14 v. 5.83 ± 2.09 × 109) of Bonsmara and Nguni bulls, respectively. There were no significant differences observed for total sperm motility at 24 h (49.3 ± 1.18 v. 52.6 ± 2.60%) and 30 h (40.5 ± 1.94 v. 43.4 ± 2.81%) between the Bonsmara and Nguni bulls, respectively. The total sperm motility at 40 h was &amp;lt;20% for both Bonsmara and Nguni bulls on the EYC extender. There were no differences in sperm motility rate of the epididymal semen of Bonsmara and Nguni bulls. We concluded that it is possible to derive semen from the epididymis of indigenous Nguni and composite Bonsmara bulls.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A two domain method for design and evaluation of floor-ceiling assemblies using tapping machine impact sound pressure levels

Structure-borne impact noise from footfalls is a common noise complaint in multi-family residential buildings, and is currently described by a single-number metric such as IIC (using a tapping machine) or LA max (using an impact ball). However, research indicates that impact noise is characterized by two independent frequency domains: low frequency thudding and mid- to high-frequency noise from heel clicks, etc. The levels in these two domains vary independently with assembly design, so that two parameters are required to adequately characterize the impact insulation of an arbitrary assembly. The authors have developed a two-parameter system for evaluating impact noise [LoVerde and Dong, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 2954 (2007), J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 2708 (2009)] intended to improve the design and evaluation of floor ceiling assemblies. Over the past 7 years, this system has been applied to design, evaluation, and testing of many projects. Criteria have been developed, and the real-world use of the proposed system is described, evaluated, and compared with the existing metrics.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A fuzzy risk-assessment method using a TOPSIS approach based on interval-valued fuzzy numbers

Because of the importance of reducing risks in a high-tech corporation, decision makers need a useful method to help them find the alternative with the lowest risk from a given set. In particular, in an uncertain and complex situation, making a choice becomes more difficult for decision makers. In this article, we analyzed the risks of a particular decision in linguistic terms and based on interval-valued fuzzy numbers (IVFNs). We also extended a similarity measure in the technique for order preference based on similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach by measuring the similarity of each alternative to positive and negative ideal IVFNs. Rather than calculating the distance between the alternatives and the positive/negative ideal solution in the TOPSIS method, we used the similarity measure between IVFNs to replace distance in this approach. Even with the same distance between IVFNs, the measure may have different shapes or directions, which may lead to nonintuitive results. In the proposed method, we used a fixed ideal solution that could simplify the calculations of a similarity measure between IVFNs. We also applied the similarity measure between IVFNs to the decision-making process to increase the ability of the process to account for risks in a variable, complex, and uncertain environment.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences