jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Theory of Water Desalination with Intercalation Materials

We present porous electrode theory for capacitive deionization (CDI) with electrodes containing nanoparticles that consist of a redox-active intercalation material. A geometry of a desalination cell is considered which consists of two porous electrodes, two flow channels and an anion-exchange membrane, and we use Nernst-Planck theory to describe ion transport in the aqueous phase in all these layers. A single-salt solution is considered, with unequal diffusion coefficients for anions and cations. Similar to previous models for CDI and electrodialysis, we solve the dynamic two-dimensional equations by assuming that flow of water, and thus the advection of ions, is zero in the electrode, and in the flow channel only occurs in the direction along the electrode and membrane. In all layers, diffusion and migration are only considered in the direction perpendicular to the flow of water. Electronic as well as ionic transport limitations within the nanoparticles are neglected, and instead the Frumkin isotherm (or regular solution model) is used to describe local chemical equilibrium of cations between the nanoparticles and the adjacent electrolyte, as a function of the electrode potential. Our model describes the dynamics of key parameters of the CDI process with intercalation electrodes, such as effluent salt concentration, the distribution of intercalated ions, cell voltage, and energy consumption.

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CASE OF ACETONEMIA

The patient, a boy, aged 15, had an acute attack of appendicitis on Jan. 17, 1912. He vomited a number of times and complained of being chilly; temperature was normal; pulse 80. There were colicky pains about the navel but very little over the appendix, even on deep pressure. The bowels were free. The next morning, after a restless night, the temperature was 101.5 F. and the pulse 90; there was pain over the appendix but that about the navel had disappeared. On the afternoon of the same day the temperature was 102; pulg 100. The boy was taken to the hospital and a gangrenous appendix removed under chloroform anesthesia. No pus or any evidence of peritonitis was found, and the wound closed without drainage. The operation lasted about thirty-five minutes. The patient, being rather restless when put to bed, was given 1/8 grain of morphin. lie slept all night

Topic: Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biomarkers and molecular profiling in non-small cell lung cancer: an expanding role and its managed care implications.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in the world. The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2013, the disease will account for almost 159,500 deaths in the United States, or approximately 27% of all cancer deaths in the country. Lung cancer accounts for about 14% and 12% of all new cancer diagnoses in males and females, respectively, and nearly 70% of patients with lung cancer will present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Despite evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidelines that support the utility of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing in improving targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer, EGFR testing continues to be underutilized, as the procedure may cost up to $1000 and require up to 2 weeks for results. Additional research and data collection will be needed to ascertain the costeffectiveness and role of molecular testing and targeted therapies in the management of NSCLC. This article reviews the current testing strategy and treatment guidelines, and provides a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the use of EGFR testing to guide the management of NSCLC in today's cost-constrained healthcare environment.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Constituents of <i>Tinospora sinensis</i> and their nitric oxide inhibitory activities

One new phenylpropanoid glycoside, tinosinen A (<b>1</b>) and 13 known compounds, tinosinen (<b>2</b>), citrusin B (<b>3</b>), picraquassioside C (<b>4</b>), <i>erythro</i>-guaiacylglycerol-<i>β</i>-<i>O</i>-4′-coniferyl alcohol (<b>5</b>), <i>erythro</i>-guaiacylglycerol-8-<i>O</i>-4′-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (<b>6</b>), <i>erythro</i>-syringylglycerol-8-<i>O</i>-4′-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (<b>7</b>), <i>seco</i>-isolariciresinol 9-<i>O</i>-D-<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>8</b>), tinosposide A (<b>9</b>), pinoresinol-4′-<i>O-β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>10</b>), syringaresinol-4′-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>11</b>), pinoresinol (<b>12</b>), syringaresinol (<b>13</b>), and lirioresino-<i>β</i>-dimethyl ether (<b>14</b>) were isolated from the stems of <i>Tinospora sinensis</i> (Lour.) Merr. Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic studies and comparisons with those reported in the literature. Compound <b>13</b> showed significant inhibitory NO production (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 38.53 ± 1.90 μM) in RAW264.7 macrophages, LPS-stimulated. Compounds <b>3</b>–<b>7</b>, <b>11</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>14</b> inhibited NO production with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 38.53 to 99.07 μM.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
859 DOES A COMBINATION PILL OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IMPROVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN JAPANESE?

Objectives: In order to achieve target blood pressure levels to prevent cardiovascular disease, combination therapy of antihypertensive drugs is often required, although it is thought that requiring a patient to take many different pills would reduce adherence to the medication regimen. We have investigated whether or not antihypertensive treatment with a single pill combining antihypertensive drugs would improve medication adherence and blood pressure control. Methods: A total of 207 hypertensive subjects were randomly assigned to a combination pill group (losartan 50 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg; n = 103) or a control group (an angiotensin receptor blocker and a thiazide diuretic; n = 104). Medication adherence was evaluated by pill counts at 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. Results: The mean adherence rates over 6 months were not different between the two groups: 98% in the combination pill group and 98 % in the control group. Moreover, the two groups included similar numbers of subjects with relatively poor adherence rates (<90%) in each treatment period. Mean blood pressures over the 6-month treatment period were not different between the groups: 131/75 mmHg in the combination pill group and 130/75 mmHg in the control group (p = 0.84/0.96). Conclusions: There were no appreciable effects of the combination pill of antihypertensive drugs on medication adherence or blood pressure control in Japanese patients over 6 months.

Topic: Medication Adherence and Compliance
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pandemic Resilience in Oral Health: Thai Dentists’ Infection Control and the Path Toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant emotional challenges for dentists. This study aimed to assess the concerns, risk perceptions, and infection control practices among Thai dentists during and shortly after the pandemic, with the goal of improving preparedness for future outbreaks and contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to well-being of dentists and resilience in dental healthcare systems. Method: A questionnaire on COVID-19 infection and precautionary measures was distributed to Thai dentists via Google Forms™ between June and September 2022. Result: Of the 467 respondents, 44.3% expressed the highest concern about infection risk when treating emergency patients potentially exposed to COVID-19. In dental practice, 30.6% perceived the highest risk of contracting COVID-19, and 24.6% were most concerned about transmission. Notably, 88% of respondents supported continuing pandemic-era precautions even after the disease was no longer present. The use of N95 masks increased significantly, however, many dental settings were not fully adapted to infection control measures, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) was insufficient. Risk perception was influenced by factors such as gender, involvement in aerosol-generating procedures, and availability of PPE. Conclusion: Thai dentists expressed significant concerns about the risk of contracting COVID-19 in their practice. The majority supported the continuation of pandemic-related precautionary measures. These findings highlight the need for improved infection control practices and better resource allocation in dental settings, to address ongoing concerns and enhance preparedness for future health crises.

Topic: Dental Research and COVID-19
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Micro-mechanism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) transport in multi-layered arterial wall

Abstract This paper investigates micro-mechanism of LDL transport numerically in a multi-layer arterial wall. A novel comprehensive 3D model is developed by considering the coupling interactions between vascular layers, and numerical simulations are carried out for a two-layer structure arterial wall. Results displayed the effects of dynamic viscosity on LDL transport. Moreover, we present data demonstrating that endothelial cells have a great blocking effect on the permeation and transmission of macromolecules by the different vascular wall. Furthermore, to verify the reliability and efficiency, a comparison is presented which shows that our numerical results are in good consistency with the experimental data in the literature.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural characterization for N‐terminal domain of caveolin‐1

Caveolin‐1 is a principal protein in the plasma membrane microdomains called caveolae. Caveolae play an important role in the transcytosis and pinocytosis. Therefore, caveolin‐1 is most likely to work for the membrane dynamic events. In addition, caveolin‐1 interacts with various signaling molecules. Although caveolin‐1 possesses a variety of physiological functions, its structural properties were little construed. Here we analyzed the structural dynamics of the N‐terminal caveolin‐1 (residues 1–101), in order to better understand the structural properties in terms of its versatile functionality. We first analyzed its oligomeric form using GST‐fused N‐terminal domain, revealing that it equilibrates between a dimer and monomers in a concentration‐dependent manner. The N‐terminal domain of caveolin‐1 was previously found to form a heptamer, so that our data suggest the dimeric form as an intermediate structure for the heptamer formation. Then, we obtained the folding profile, which indicated that AGH2o is about 0.5 ±0.03 kcal/mol. The stability of N‐terminal domain is relatively low, indicating that N‐terminal domain may not be crystalline. Conclusively, the dynamic and flexible structure of N‐terminal domain appears more favorable to maintain the versatile functions of caveolin‐1.

Topic: Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Warm heart surgery.

Hypothermia is widely acknowledged to be the fundamental component of myocardial protection during cardiac operations. Although it prolongs the period of ischemic arrest by reducing oxygen demands, hypothermia is associated with a number of major disadvantages, including its detrimental effects on enzymatic function, energy generation, and cellular integrity. We hypothesized that the ideal protected state of the heart would be electromechanically arrested and perfused with blood, that is, aerobic arrest. Under these conditions the fundamental need for hypothermia becomes questionable. We have developed a novel approach to myocardial protection during cardiac operations based on these concepts, in which the chemically arrested heart is perfused continuously with blood and maintained at 37 degrees C. In 121 consecutive coronary bypass procedures we have compared this approach with a historical cohort of 133 consecutive patients treated with hypothermic cardioplegia. Perioperative myocardial infarction was significantly less prevalent (1.7% versus 6.8%; p less than 0.05) in the warm cardioplegic group, as was the use of the intraaortic balloon pump (0.9% versus 9.0%; p less than 0.005) and the prevalence of low output syndrome (13.5% versus 3.3%; p less than 0.005). Cardiac output immediately after bypass was significantly higher than before bypass (3.1 +/- 0.9 versus 4.9 +/- 1.0 L/min; p less than 0.001) only in the warm cardioplegia group. Furthermore, the heartbeat in 99.2% of patients treated with continuous warm cardioplegia converted to normal sinus rhythm spontaneously after removal of the aortic crossclamp compared with only 10.5% of the hypothermic group. The time from removal of the aortic crossclamp to discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (i.e., reperfusion time) was significantly shorter in the warm cardioplegia group (11 +/- 4.3 versus 27 +/- 5.6 minutes; p less than 0.001). Our results suggest that continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia is safe and effective. Conceptually, this represents a new approach to the problem of maintaining excellent myocardial preservation during cardiac operations.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Anatomic reconstruction of a rare combination injury of the axis (trans-dental dislocation with hanged-man fracture) by lag screw fixation].

The patient described here suffered from a Hanged-Man-Fracture type Effendi II in combination with a densfracture type Anderson d'Alonzo II. Options of treatment are discussed, the chosen therapy with lag-screw fixation described. The functional result was perfect.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Coherency Effects on Retinal Neural Processes (ERG) of Pseudemys.

Abstract : Prolonged exposure to coherent 620 nm light was shown to be more effective than equivalent incoherent exposure in affecting the ERG spectral sensitivity of Pseudemys. Such effects may be mediated in part through lateral connections between long- and short-wavelength cone systems. Elimination of perceptible speckle attenuated coherent effects, suggesting a unique interaction of laser speckle with retinal processes. Explanation of these coherency effects involve disruption of normal neural retinal channels resulting from prolonged continuous laser exposure. (Author)

Topic: Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Observations of Magnetars

Magnetars (Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars) are a subclass of neutron stars characterized by their recurrent X-ray bursts. While in an active (bursting) state, they are emitting hundreds of predominantly soft (kT=30 keV), short (0.1 - 100ms long) events. Active states last anywhere between days and years. Their quiescent source X-ray light curves exhibit pulsations in the narrow range of 5-1 1 s; estimates of these rotational period rate changes (spin-down) indicate that their magnetic fields are extremely high, of the order of 10(exp 14)-10(exp 15) G. Such high B-field objects, dubbed had been predicted to exist in 1992, but the first concrete observational evidence were obtained in 1998 for two of these sources. I will discuss here the history of magnetars, and their spectral, timing and flux characteristics both in the persistent and their burst emission.

Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Editing Virginia Woolf and the Arts: Woolf and the Royal Academy

In this book chapter originally presented as a paper at the 18th Annual International Conference on Virginia Woolf, June 19-22 2008 held by the University of Denver, Professor Humm discusses Virginia Woolf’s review of the Royal Academy 1919 summer exhibition “The Royal Academy,” in which she obscures the contribution of women artists as well as the significant date of the exhibition which was the first since the end of the war. Woolf’s review together with the 1919 exhibition itself, raises gender and political issues and presents a crucial case study of ambiguities in Woolf’s writings as well as in contemporary critical difficulties with “modernism” itself.

Topic: Art, Politics, and Modernism
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Original article Evaluation of pathophysiological alterations in rats administered with marbofloxacin alone and with piperine pretreatment

The present study was conducted to evaluate pathophysiological alterations after repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin alone and along with piperine pretreatment in rats.Blood samples were collected from treated animals at 6 th day.Hematological parameters (Hb, PCV, TLC, TEC, DLC, MCV, MCH and MCHC) and serum biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, globulin, LDH, creatinine, BUN, bilirubin and AKP) were estimated after five days treatment.Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not found influenced after treatments and their mean values were not significantly altered (p>0.01)from corresponding control values.Moreover, no gross or microscopic changes were found in all major organs except liver of the treated rats.The histopathological changes in liver of treatment groups II (marbofloxacin alone) and III (marbofloxacin with piperine pretreatment) revealed mild degree of congestion and vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes.It was concluded that piperine pretreatment for 5 th day in rats did not produce significant pathophysiological alterations in blood, serum biochemical parameters and microscopic changes in major organs with absence of clinical signs of side effects, following repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin.

Topic: Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 600: Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinctive type of head and neck cancer arising from the nasopharynx. Although rarely occurring worldwide, the incidence and mortality rates of this tumor are remarkably high among Southern China including Hong Kong. The distinct geographical distribution highlights the significance of several etiologic factors in NPC tumorigenesis, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, genetic predisposition and intake of preserved food. However, the understanding of NPC development is still unclear. In our previous genome-wide analysis, chromosome 14q32 has been suggested as a tumor suppressor region where loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected in &amp;gt;80% of NPCs. Hence, some novel candidate genes involving in NPC development may be located within this region. By microarray study in NPC samples, consistent down-regulation of a putative tumor suppressor gene, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) within the 14q32 deletion region was identified. MEG3 is an imprinted gene with preferential maternal expression and encodes for a long non-coding RNA. The silenced expression of MEG3 gene in NPC cell lines and xenografts was further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Subsequent DNA methylation analysis in a panel of NPC samples demonstrated that densely methylation at a CpG island on the MEG3 promoter region was observed in all tested NPC cell lines, xenografts and 50% of primary NPCs, while normal imprinting pattern was found in non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium. Interestingly, the presence of demethylation agent in culture medium could successfully rescue MEG3 expression in available NPC cell lines, indicating that promoter hypermethylation is one of the mechanisms to control MEG3 expression. On the other hand, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) also showed the loss of DNA copy number at chromosome 14q32 in 60% of primary NPCs, suggesting an alternative MEG3 regulation mechanism in NPC. In our functional studies, ectopic MEG3 expression in NPC cell lines could significantly inhibit cell propagation, colony and foci formation. A series of reporter assays further suggested that MEG3 might contribute to regulate both p53 and TGF-β signaling pathways. In conclusion, we have found that MEG3 is a novel tumor suppressor gene in NPC. Further investigation the function of MEG3 in NPC pathogenesis may have potential implications to improve NPC treatment in the future. Citation Format: Wing Po Chak, Joanna Hung-Man Tong, Raymond Wai-Ming Lung, Yat Yee Chan, Kwok Wai Lo, Ka Fai To. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 600. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-600

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ulcerative vulvitis in Reiter's syndrome. A case report.

In a case of acute Reiter's syndrome with severe vulvitis the diagnosis was based on the presence of a vaginal discharge and dysuria, arthritis, conjunctivitis, buccal ulceration, keratodermia blenorrhagica, and HLA B27 tissue-typing antigen. The vulval lesions were similar in appearance to those of circinate vulvitis. The acute histological change were confined to shallow ulceration with an inflammatory infiltration of the subjacent dermis. Coincidential lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was present, which could have been masked by the acute lesions.

Topic: Genital Health and Disease
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Flight demonstration of redundancy management algorithms for a skewed array of inertial sensors

Flight test results for two fault-tolerance algorithms developed for a redundant strapdown inertial measurement unit consisting of four 2-DOF gyros and accelerometers mounted on the faces of a semioctahedron are presented. Although both algorithms provided timely detection and isolation of flight control level failures, the generalized likelihood test algorithm provided more timely detection and isolation of low-level sensor failures than the edge vector test algorithm. The generalized likelihood test produced a false isolation for the case of a dual low-level failure applied to the sensitive axes of an accelerometer. Both of the algorithms were shown to provide dual fail-operational performance for the skewed array of inertial sensors.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences