jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Specific energy consumption and heat recovery system of cassava starch production in the integrated agro-industrial system

Abstract Reducing energy consumption and green house gas emissions is a crucial issue in the cassava starch processing industry. In this study, the integrated system combining livestock, cassava cultivation and cassava production at the same area will lead to both zero emission goal and economic efficiency, a typical example of an effective agro-industrial symbiosis. A heat exchange/recovery system was applied including the economizer, the heat exchanger tank, the biogas tank, and the boiler. The economizer attached to the boiler’s chimney transfers heat from exhaust gases for pre-heating feed water entering boiler. The biogas tank recovers energy from the wastewaters of starch production and livestock farm, and the generated biogas was used as fuel for the boiler. Excess heat from the production was used for evaporating (removal of) NH3 in wastewater flow from the biogas tank, and for heating the biogas system in oder to enhance the efficiency of methane production. A biochar filter was attached to economizer for adsorption of released ammonium, and the biochar after adsorption was combined with sludge from the biogas tank to produce a solid biofertilizer. The energy and exergy efficiency, energy losses, and exergy destruction for heat recovery system were analyzed. The specific energy consumption (SEC) was used to evaluate the overall energy efficiency for cassava starch factory with a capacity of 200 tons/day. The results show that there is a high potential to recyle waste into energy in the cassava starch industry, and the total energy saving and reducing GHG emissions per year of the cassava starch factory were 5.4%/year and 278,773 tons CO2/year, respectively.

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Examining differential treatment effects for depression in racial and ethnic minority women: a qualitative systematic review.

Adapted models that allow patients to select the treatment of their choice (medication or psychotherapy or a combination) while providing outreach and other supportive services (case management, childcare and transportation) appear to result in optimal clinical benefits.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Antisemitism in the Muslim Intellectual Discourse in South Asia

South Asia (Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan) has produced some of the greatest Islamic thinkers, such as Shah Wali Allah (sometimes also spelled Waliullah; 1702–1763) who is considered one of the originators of pan-Islamism, Rahmatullah Kairanwi (1818–1892), Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), Syed Abul A’la Mawdudi (also spelled Maududi; 1903–1979), and Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1914–1999), who have all played a pivotal role in shaping political Islam and have all had global impact. Islamism is intertwined with Muslim antisemitism. Some of the greatest Islamist movements have their bases in South Asia, such as Tablīghi Jamā’at—the largest Sunni Muslim revivalist (daw’a) movement in the world—and Jamā’at-i-Islāmi—a prototype of political Islam in South Asia. The region is home to some of the most important institutions of Islamic theological studies: Darul Ulūm Deoband, the alleged source of ideological inspiration to the Taliban, and Nadwātu’l-’Ulamā and Firangi Mahal, whose curricula are followed by seminaries across the world attended by South Asian Muslims in their diaspora. Some of the most popular Muslim televangelists have come from South Asia, such as Israr Ahmed (1932–2010) and Zakir Naik (b. 1965). This paper gives an introductory overview of antisemitism in the Muslim intellectual discourse in South Asia.

Topic: Islamic Studies and Radicalism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Child Rating Scale and its Use with Middle School-Age Students

The Child Rating Scale is a socioemotional self-report rating scale design for elementary school children. This study examined the Child Rating Scale with a middle school-age sample (Grades 5 to 8) of 240 students. The Child Rating Scale's four scales have shown moderate to high coefficients alpha. Factor analysis yielded the 4 underlying factors consistent with the current subscales. Supportive convergent validity was found based on the Child Rating Scale subscales' predicted association with the Self-perception Profile for Children and the Psychological Sense of School Membership–Brief. Consistent with current research, decline over grades in rule compliance/acting out and school interest was documented as well as the expected mean sex differences on these two subscales. Possible areas of study are indicated, and the present study's limitations are described. The Child Rating Scale seems to be a promising self-report measure for middle school-age youth.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ambiguous pleasures: sexuality and middle class self-perceptions in Nairobi

In Ambiguous Pleasures, Rachel Spronk attends to the ‘sensorial aspects of sexuality’ (3) amidst the tumult of contemporary urban Africa. We are first, and powerfully, presented with this in the co...

Topic: African Sexualities and LGBTQ+ Issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Photoemission studies of lanthanum-nickel-copper (LaNi5-xCux) alloys and relation to hydride formation

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoemission studies of lanthanum-nickel-copper (LaNi5-xCux) alloys and relation to hydride formationW. E. Wallace and F. PourarianCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 25, 4958–4961Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100222a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100222a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of fading-memory polynomial filters to the control of an electric motor

Recursive fading-memory polynomial (FMP) filters are used to support the frequency-domain design of digital lead/lag compensators, with two degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) in a dc motor-control application. Digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear-state-space observer techniques are also applied for comparison. In this tutorial-style treatment, practical matters regarding system identification and discrete-time controller implementation, on a personal computer, are discussed.

Topic: Control Systems and Identification
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gender in South Asia : gaining ground

South Asia robust economic growth has been paired with high rates of poverty and inequality in the region. In the year 2010/11, growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) accelerated to an estimated 8.7 percent. This strong growth has translated into declining poverty and impressive improvements in human development indicators. The social makeup and economic geographies of South Asia are diverse. Efforts to achieve key gender goals at the country level have proven challenging. Social norms interlock with religion, ethnicity, caste, language, and geography to promote some groups and exclude others. The organizational infrastructure has been strengthened to support the gender program of South Asia region, including hiring of a dedicated gender specialist in Pakistan in response to demand from country management. Formation of a gender advisory group for the Pakistan program is also being planned with representatives from academia, civil society, and other development partners. At the regional level, the gender program in South Asia region is managed by a senior gender and social development specialist.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Vermicompost tea : effects on pak choi (brassica rapa cv. bonsai, chinensis group) growth and yield, phytonutrient content and soil biological properties

Vermicompost tea, an aqueous extract of vermicompost has been reported to improve plant health, yield and nutritional quality. Most of the previous research on compost tea has investigated the potential of compost tea for control of plant disease. Very limited data exists on the use of vermicompost tea for improving the yield and nutritional quality of vegetable crops and altering soil biological properties. Therefore, laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted in order to identify and describe: 1) the effects of vermicompost tea extraction methods [(i) non-aerated (NCT), (ii) aerated (ACT), and (iii) aerated with additives (ACTME)], fertilizer types (Osmocote and vermicompost), and three growth media (Oxisol, Mollisol and a peat-perlite medium) on yield and nutritional quality of pak choi (Brassica rapa, Chinensis) as well as soil biochemical properties; 2) the effects of the ratio of vermicompost to water and different fertilizers on yield and nutritional quality of pak choi as well as soil biological properties; 3) the effect of compost quality on biochemical properties of compost tea; and 4) mechanisms involved in the effects of compost tea on plant growth. The results showed that applications of vermicompost tea, regardless of extraction method, increased plant yield, mineral nutrients and phytonutrient content of pak choi. The microbial activities of two soils and a peat-perlite medium were also increased. This effect was most prominent under organic fertilization. These findings suggest that vermicompost tea serves both as a supplemental source of plant nutrients and an enhancer of soil biological properties. Similarly, application of vermicompost tea with compost to water ratios of 1:10-1:100 (v:v) increased yield, total carotenoids, total glucosinolates and N content of pak choi; and microbial activities in soil. The responses of these parameters to vermicompost to water ratio was positive and linear. The results also indicated that biochemical properties of compost determined biochemical properties of compost tea, and variability in quality of tea explained differences in the magnitude of effect of compost tea on plant growth and tissue mineral nutrient. The positive effect of vermicompost tea or compost tea on plant growth was largely associated with N (NO3-) and gibberellin (GA4) present in the tea and nutrient uptake by plants.

Topic: Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Benefits And Harms Of Implementing [18F]FDG-PET/CT For Diagnosing Recurrent Breast Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Study

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> [<sup>18</sup>F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography / computed tomography ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT) has been implemented sporadically in hospital settings as the standard of care examination for recurrent breast cancer. We aimed to explore the clinical impact of implementing [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT for patients with clinically suspected recurrent breast cancer and validate the diagnostic accuracy. <bold>Methods</bold> Women with suspected distant recurrent breast cancer were prospectively enrolled in the study between September 2017 and August 2019. [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT was performed, and the appearance of incidental benign and malignant findings was registered. Additional examinations, complications, and the final diagnosis were registered to reflect the clinical consequence of such findings. The diagnostic accuracy of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT as a stand-alone examination was analyzed. Biopsy and follow-up were used as a reference standard. <bold>Results</bold> [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT reported breast cancer metastases in 72 of 225 women (32.0%), and metastases were verified by biopsy in 52 (52/225, 23.1%). Prior probability and posterior probability of a positive test for suspected metastatic cancer and incidental malignancies were 27%/85% and 4%/20%, respectively. Suspected malignant incidental findings were reported in 46 patients (46/225, 20.4%), leading to further examinations and final detection of nine synchronous cancers (9/225, 4.0%). These cancers originated from the lung, thyroid, skin, pancreas, peritoneum, breast, kidney, one was malignant melanoma, and one was hematological cancer. False-positive incidental malignant findings were examined in 37/225 patients (16.4%), mainly in the colon (n = 12) and thyroid gland (n = 12). Ten incidental findings suspicious for benign disease were suggested by [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT, and further examinations resulted in the detection of three benign conditions requiring treatment. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC-ROC for diagnosing distant metastases were 1.00 (0.93-1.0), 0.88 (0.82-0.92), and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99), respectively.<bold>Conclusion</bold> [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT provided a high posterior probability of positive test, and a negative test was able to rule out distant metastases in women with clinically suspected recurrent breast cancer. One-fifth of patients examined for incidental findings detected on [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT were diagnosed with clinically relevant conditions. Further examinations of false-positive incidental findings in one of six women should be weighed against the high accuracy for diagnosing metastatic breast cancer.<bold>Trial registration:</bold> Clinical.Trials.gov. NCT03358589. Registered 30 November 2017 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
0256 Labour market segregation and gender differences in sickness absence: trends in 2005–2013 in finland

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Introduction&lt;/st&gt; Women have higher work disability rates than men, but less is known of changes in this gap over time. We examined gender differences in sickness absence trends focusing on sectoral and occupational gender segregation in the labour market. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; We used large representative register data on Finnish wage-earners aged 25–59 and generalised estimation equations based on repeated logistic regression to estimate the annual risk of having any long-term sickness absence. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Results&lt;/st&gt; Between 2005 and 2013, the predicted proportion of those with all-cause sickness absence decreased from the initial levels of 10.6 among men and 15.1 among women by 16.7% and 13.6%, respectively. The decreases were particularly large among male and female manual workers and among female upper non-manual employees, and there was further variation between different industrial sectors. Excess decrease among men mainly coincided with the peak of the economic recession in 2009. Widening of the gender gap was not influenced by differential distributional changes by employment factors, sociodemographic factors and previous sickness absence between the employed male and female risk populations, but it was influenced by differential within-group changes in sickness absence at the time of the recession between male- and female-dominated industrial sectors and occupational classes. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusions&lt;/st&gt; Widening of the gender gap in sickness absence was largely explained by excess decrease in sickness absence in male-dominated sectors and occupations which were hit especially hard during the recent economic recession. The association may be related to reduced illness behaviour among employees experiencing greater labour market insecurity. &lt;/sec&gt;

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiple Biliary Stents: A Therapeutic Option for Persistent Biliary Leak Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore (PN, EHD, SKD), and University of Maryland School of Medicine (SKD), Baltimore, MD

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Terminal complement proteins C5b-9 release basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor from endothelial cells

Interactions between endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in the biology of the blood vessel wall. Growth factors released from endothelial cells control in part the normal and pathological proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial deposits of C5b-9 proteins, the membrane attack complex of complement (MAC), have been found in a variety of pathological tissues in which cell proliferation is an early characteristic abnormality, including atherosclerosis. We have explored a possible bridging role for terminal complement C5b-9 proteins in eliciting focal signals for cell proliferation by releasing growth factors from endothelial cells. We found that both bovine aortic and human umbilical vein cells respond to the MAC by releasing basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet- derived growth factor. These mitogens stimulate DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3, vascular smooth muscle, and glomerular mesangial cells. Based on these findings, we propose that complement-induced release of mitogens from endothelial cells is a novel pathogenic mechanism for proliferative disorders.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
RBC‐choline: changes by lithium and relation to prophylactic response

ABSTRACT– Red blod cell (RBC)‐ and plasma‐choline levels were measured in patients on lithium ( n = 96), antidepressants ( n ‐ 32) and nenroleptics ( n = 51), and in 25 healthy drug‐free controls. Lithium patients exhibited highly increased RBC‐ and slightly increased plasma‐choline levels compared with controls (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively); the choline ratio (RBC‐/plasma‐choline) was elevated almost to the same extent as RBC‐choline (P &lt; 0.001). With antidepressants RBC‐choline and choline ratios were slightly reduced (P &lt; 0.05), whereas neuroleptics showed no effect on choline levels. 79 % of lithium patients were responders (reduction in hospitalizations with lithium), 21 % were non‐responders (no reduction or increase in hospitalizations]. Choline ratio exhibited a significant relation to prophylactic lithium response, but lithium ratio did not. The percentage of nori‐responders was significantly higher in patients with a choline ratio exceeding 100 than in patients with a choline ratio below this cut‐off (P &lt; 0.01). Thus, the increase of RBC‐choline and choline ratios appears to be an effect specific for lithium and might be related to the outcome of lithium prophylaxis.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards a Complexity-through-Realisability Theory

We explain how recent developments in the fields of realisability models for linear logic -- or geometry of interaction -- and implicit computational complexity can lead to a new approach of implicit computational complexity. This semantic-based approach should apply uniformly to various computational paradigms, and enable the use of new mathematical methods and tools to attack problem in computational complexity. This paper provides the background, motivations and perspectives of this complexity-through-realisability theory to be developed, and illustrates it with recent results.

Topic: Logic, programming, and type systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A literature review on the state of pharmacy education in Zambia

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of pharmacy education in Zambia, in terms of: overview of the historical development of pharmacy education, the current state of pharmacy education and successes achieved, efforts made to provide pharmacists with the requisite competency and recommendations for future directions. Method: A literature search was conducted in November 2020 on PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape databases, the search was confined to research articles published between 2002 to 2021. Result: A total of 23 journal articles were retrieved, articles that capture reports on the state of pharmacy education in Zambia were reviewed. Conclusion: Pharmacy education has undergone a series of modifications over the past few decades in an effort to fulfil the changing demands of society. For a pharmacy education system to thrive, it must be continually evolving and driven by the needs of society or nation at hand at all times. This involves updating the pharmacist in training with up-to-date skills required of the modern-day pharmacist and research that enables continual improvement of the education system.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Aspects of Compliance Management of Patients with Schizophrenia

Good compliance of patients with schizophrenia is an objective criteria of psychiatrist's work effectiveness. However often there is a vicious circle: lack of patient's insight causes refusal of therapy and without therapy according to opinion of many doctors insight is not achievable. In order to break this vicious circle the technique of operated compliance was developed. assessment of effectiveness of an operated compliance technique. First several months after the mental illness diagnosis the compliance is the highest since patient's family members mobilize all available resources to maintain «status quo». Noncompliance results from family's disappointment in therapy, the expected effect from which, doesn't correspond to the actual Timely involvement of the family during this period allows to bypass lack of patient's insight and helps to establish continuous supportive therapy. 100 patients first diagnosed with schizophrenia: 50 – experimental group, 50 – control group (had conventional inpatient and outpatient treatment). Length of observation 18±4 months. clinical-psychopathological, sociological. Endpoints: number of re-admissions, drug compliance, number of disabilities, family's satisfaction. Results Development of a drug compliance is a planned and controlled process that begins during the first visit to psychiatrist. Application of the studied technique allows to recruit patient's family to guarantee drug compliance

Topic: Psychiatric care and mental health services
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences