jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of global warming on reindeer\nhusbandry in the Swedish subarctic : correlations across microclimatic change, subarctic\nvegetation cover, and reindeer foraging preferences

The Abisko Scientific Research Station (ANS) is located in the far north of Sweden, in a\nsubarctic environment inhabited mostly by the Sami people. ANS has conducted research\nfor more than hundred years, with its current focus set on interdisciplinary research regarding\nthe effects of climate-change on the subarctic environment.\n\nSince the subarctic region changes faster than many other regions, ANS attracts climate\nchange scientists from all over the world, with approximately 500 visitors per year, resulting\nin large numbers of data being generated. The present study focused on observations of\ntemperature changes in the region, utilizing a database covering the Abisko region.\n\nAs a result of climate change, geographic characteristics of the vegetation in the Abisko\nregion are changing, propagating at a speed determined by micro-climatic conditions such\nas aspect and elevation. Temperature may be considered as an effect of such microclimatic\nfactors, and is in conjunction with soil properties determining the vegetation characteristics.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Salts on the Thiol-dependent Gelation of Bovine Serum Albumin.

A previous report [M. Hirose, Y. Nishizawa and J. Y. Lee, J. Food Sci., 55, 915 (1990)] has shown that the thio-dependent gelation of bovine serum albumin was strongly inhibited by high concentrations of salts. The inhibition mechanism was investigated in relation to the conformation and disulfide cleavage of the protein. The effects on the thiol-dependent disulfide cleavage of the protein varied with the salt species, especially with the anion species. The circular dichroism spectra and difference UV-spectra showed that anions induced some conformational changes in the tertiary structure, but not in the secondary structure. With regard to a chaotropic anion, perchlorate, this conformational change was closely correlated with the inhibition of gelation and disulfide reduction. In contrast, a lyotropic anion such as sulfate inhibited the gelation at a higher concentration than the concentrations that induced the conformational change. In addition, this anion showed no inhibition effect on disulfide reduction. Thus, we conclude that there are two inhibition sites for the thiol-dependent gelation of BSA. One involves the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds, and the other probably concerns intermolecular interaction of the disulfide-reduced protein.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fretting fatigue in SUP9 spring steel under random loading.

The fretting fatigue strength of SUP 9 spring steel under random loading was examined by clamping the contact pads of the same material. Random loading reduced the fretting fatigue strengths by a factor of 1.5. The linear cumulative damage rule held good for fretting fatigue under random loading. The relationship between the coefficient of the friction and the slip amplitude using root-mean-square values under random loading agreed well with that under constant loading. Prediction of fatigue life was made on the basis of the fracture mechanics analysis proposed in the previous paper, where the frictional force between the fretting pad and the specimen was taken into consideration. The predicted lives were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Topic: Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Getting Reliable Annotations for Sarcasm in Online Dialogues

The language used in online forums differs in many ways from that of traditional language resources such as news. One difference is the use and frequency of nonliteral, subjective dialogue acts such as sarcasm. Whether the aim is to develop a theory of sarcasm in dialogue, or engineer automatic methods for reliably detecting sarcasm, a major challenge is simply the difficulty of getting enough reliably labelled examples. In this paper we describe our work on methods for achieving highly reliable sarcasm annotations from untrained annotators on Mechanical Turk. We explore the use of a number of common statistical reliability measures, such as Kappa, Karger's, Majority Class, and EM. We show that more sophisticated measures do not appear to yield better results for our data than simple measures such as assuming that the correct label is the one that a majority of Turkers apply.

Topic: Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Affinity labeling of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and location of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit.

Gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, which consists of two nonidentical subunits, is rapidly inactivated with respect to its transpeptidase and hydrolase activities by the gamma-glutamyl analogs 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and L-azaserine. Inactivation, which is prevented by gamma-glutamyl substrates (but not by acceptor substrates), is accelerated by maleate, which was previously shown to enhance utilization of glutamine by transpeptidase. 6-Diazo-5-oxo--norleucine reacts specifically, covalently, and stoichiometrically at the gamma-glutamyl site of the enzyme, which was localized through studies with 6-diazo-5-OXO-[14C]norleucine to the light subunits of both the transpeptidase of rat kidney (which has subunits of molecular weights 22,000 and 46,000) and the transpeptidase of human kidney (which has subunits of molecular weights 22,000 and 62,000). The findings, which indicate that these enzymes have similar gamma-glutamyl binding subunits, are relevant to the structure-function relationships of this membrane-bound enzyme and its physiological role.

Topic: Digestive system and related health
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
AN EXAMINATION OF THE INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION IN TREATMENT OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN NAIROBI CITY, KENYA

The purpose of this study was to examine the indicators of effective collaboration in the treatment of language disorders in children with autism in Nairobi City County. This study was guided by Belbin’s Theory of Teamwork and Gregory’s Theory of Perception. The study adopted the qualitative research design targeting 55 caregivers and 10 speech therapists. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 participants. The research was conducted in Nairobi County and piloting at a medical Hospital. Qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews and analysed thematically. The study findings showed that the indicators of effective collaborative approaches include achievement of set goals, improved speech, inclusivity of all those involved, improved sharing of information, and improved decision-making. Collaboration ensures that the caregivers are well-informed about the treatments and interventions. The study recommends that the public should be educated on the different disorders such as autism and other spectrum disorders that may cause language disorders to address issues of stigmatization and the benefits that come with adopting collaborative approaches in treating language disorders in children with autism.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0045/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in University Level Volleyball Players and its Correlation with Body Fat

Abstract Introduction. The present study was aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness levels (VO 2 max) between university level male and female volleyball players and to find its correlation with percentage body fat. Material and Methods. In the present cross-sectional study, male and female volleyball players (n = 15 each) aged 18-25 years were randomly selected from Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India. An equal number of sedentary individuals were also selected who did not indulge in any vigorous physical activity or training. Body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), % lean body mass of players and sedentary individuals were recorded using standard methods. Percentage body fat was calculated using the sum of four skinfolds and VO 2 max was recorded using Queen’s college step test. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between players and sedentary individuals and two-way ANOVA was used to examine interaction of status (active players and sedentary individuals) and gender on VO 2 max. Results. Players had higher mean values for % lean body mass and VO 2 max. Statistically, highly significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) were observed between male and female players for all variables except BMI. Players had better cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) as compared to their sedentary counterparts. Conclusions. Significant differences exist between players and sedentary individuals for percentage body fat and percentage lean body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness of players is negatively correlated with percentage body fat. Players have higher VO2max as compared to their sedentary counterparts.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MicroRNA-92 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell function by targeting KLF4 during vascular restenosis and injury.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to multiple cellular processes in embryonic development and disorders. Several miRNAs are strongly associated with the progression of peripheral vascular disease. Recently, it was reported that miRNA (miR)-92 is one of the most upregulated miRNAs in vascular injury after intervention in the lower extremities; however, the function of miR-92 during proliferative vascular diseases remains unclear and the potential targets of miR-92 are poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-92 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and explored the associated underlying mechanism. qRT-PCR analysis showed that miR-92 expression was highly upregulated in patients with artery restenosis compared to those without restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is regarded as a critical regulator of the phenotypic switch of VSMCs. miR-92 expression was significantly upregulated in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Introducing an miR-92 mimic into VSMCs enhanced cell proliferation and migration, and induced S-phase arrest. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that KLF4 is a downstream target gene of miR-92. <i>In vivo</i>, miR-92 overexpression promoted neointimal formation, and thus resulted in a dramatic increase in intimal-medial area and thickness. These results reveal that miR-92 regulates VSMC function by directly targeting KLF4, which may be an important finding useful for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular restenosis and injury, arteriosclerosis, and other proliferative vascular diseases.

Topic: Kruppel-like factors research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Handout Bioteknologi SMK “Pemanfaatan Dami Nangka sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Nata” Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa

&lt;p class="Abstrak"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt; Learning is expected to provide learning experiences to students in order to understand learning material. The contextuality of learning resources and learning media must be improved. Biotechnology Handout "Utilization of Jackfruit Dami as the Baseline for Making Nata" is used to guide students to use learning media. This study aims to determine the effect of handouts on the ability to think creatively. This research is a quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group design method, using one control class and one treatment class as the research sample. Data analysis uses gain score and independent t-test. Based on the t-test, the Sig value is obtained. 2-tailed (0,000) &amp;lt;0.05. The results of the study prove that the use of handouts can improve students' creative thinking skills.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstrak:&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Suatu pembelajaran diharapkan memberikan pengalaman belajar kepada siswa agar dapat memahami materi pembelajaran. Konstekstualitas sumber belajar dan media pembelajaran harus ditingkatkan. Handout Bioteknologi “Pemanfaatan Dami Nangka sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Nata” digunakan untuk menuntun siswa menggunakan media pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh &lt;em&gt;handout&lt;/em&gt; terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian &lt;em&gt;Quasi-eksperimental design&lt;/em&gt; dengan metode &lt;em&gt;pretest-postest control group&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;design&lt;/em&gt; menggunakan satu kelas kontrol dan satu kelas perlakuan sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan gain score dan uji-t independen Berdasarkan uji-t diperoleh nilai Sig. 2-tailed (0,000) &amp;lt; 0,05. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penggunaan &lt;em&gt;handout&lt;/em&gt; dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa.

Topic: Educational Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cloning of a DNA fragment involved in pigment production in Streptomyces avermitilis

Streptomyces avermitilis has the ability to synthesize a diffusible, brown, melanin-like pigment, a common property among many Streptomyces species. A region of the S. avermitilis chromosome involved in the production of this pigment was cloned in Escherichia coli. Production of the brown pigment was attained in E. coli, and is optimal when medium is supplemented with copper ions, tyrosine and IPTG. The cloned S. avermitilis pigment-producing DNA fragment is under the control of the lac promoter carried in the E. coli vector. The gene involved in pigment production could be used as a tool to analyse gene expression in S. avermitilis, and as an alternative cloning marker in Streptomyces-Escherichia coli vectors.

Topic: Microbial Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Intellectual property

In the previous chapter, we focused on the positive aspects of R&D by examining the interplay between market structure and innovation. In consequence, we were not too specific about the exact regime of intellectual property (IP) protection. In this chapter, we want to adopt a more normative point of view and study how IP protection should optimally be organized. This chapter also provides the reader with a broad (and essentially non-technical) description of the realm of IP.

Topic: Intellectual Property and Patents
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
ARE THE EFFECTS OF ECOSYSTEM NITROGEN SATURATION, INDUCED BY CHRONIC SIMULATED N DEPOSITION, RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE?

A novel follow-on study examines the recovery of ecosystem processes in 2018, following the cessation of chronic N deposition additions from 1994 to 2017 to a series of northern hardwood forest stands in Michigan. This recovery study focuses on the response to reduced N deposition of dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in soil solution and leaf litter N concentration. The findings suggest that even after N treatment to the system had stopped, N saturation was sustained, as soil solution outputs of nitrogen from the system were approximately equal to ambient N deposition inputs. Leaf litter N also remained elevated which could lead to a continuation of many of the other responses associated with elevated N, including elevated DOC leaching. The study sites continue to exhibit effects of N saturated ecosystem during the first year of recovery, but more time will be needed to fully understand the long term recovery effects reduced N inputs to the ecosystems.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Meta‑analysis of the effect of antithrombotic drugs on perioperative bleeding in BPH surgery

Effects of antithrombotic agents on the bleeding risk after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were assessed in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Controlled clinical trials on the effects of perioperative anticoagulant therapy on postoperative bleeding in BPH patients published during January 1990 and February 2019 were searched in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, evaluated the quality, and conducted a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 20 studies were included. Analysis of these studies found that compared with interrupted use of antithrombotic agents, continuous use of antithrombotic drugs led to more frequent post-TURP bleeding (OR=4.34, 95% CI=2.29-8.23), and higher transfusion rate (2.96, 1.19-7.36). Compared with patients who never used antithrombotic agents, those who used antithrombotic agents continuously had higher bleeding risk (5.52, 1.64-18.66). Those who continued using antithrombotic agents during laser treatment had higher transfusion rate than those who stopped using them before the operation (5.39, 1.49-19.53), but it had no significant difference in clot retention, blood transfusion rate, intraoperative hemoglobin decrease and postoperative catheter-indwelling time compared with those who never used antithrombotic agents (P>0.05). Those who continued using antithrombotic agents during TURP showed less intraoperative hemoglobin decrease (-0.46, -0.58-0.35) than the patients who underwent low molecular weight heparin substitution. Interruption of antithrombotic agents during TURP can prevent the risk of postoperative bleeding; continuous use of antithrombotic agents is safe and feasible during laser treatment of BPH; whether low molecular weight heparin substitution is necessary during the discontinuation of antithrombotic agents is controversial.

Topic: Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Severe Viral Infections and Primary

Patients with severe viral infections are often not thoroughly evaluated for immunodeficiencies. In this review, we summarize primary immunodeficiencies that predispose individuals to severe viral infections. Some immunodeficiencies enhance susceptibility to disease with a specific virus or family of viruses, whereas others predispose to diseases with multiple viruses in addition to disease with other microbes. Although the role of cytotoxic T cells in controlling viral infections is well known, a number of immu-nodeficiencies that predispose to severe viral diseases have recently been ascribed to defects in the Toll-like receptor–interferon signaling pathway. These immunodeficiencies are rare, but it is important to identify them both for prognostic information and for genetic counseling. Undoubtedly, additional mutations in proteins in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system will be identified in the future, which will reveal the importance of these proteins in controlling infections caused by viruses and other pathogens. The majority of viral infections acquired by nonim-munosuppressed individuals are asymptomatic or result in mild clinical manifestations. These individuals are able to mount effective immune responses that either

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
EVALUASI JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA DALAM KONSTRUKSI MENGHADAPI ERA NEW NORMAL

&lt;p&gt;The impact of Covid-19 on the implementation of construction services includes budget cuts, delays in project completion, increased implementation costs, potential for construction disputes. In the era of "New Normal”, it is done with the condition that Covid-19 transmission has been controlled by Public Health and the capacity of the health system is able to identify, isolate, test, track contracts and quarantine. In the era of "New Normal" reduce the risk of outbreaks by strict regulation of places that have high vulnerability, prevention at work is implemented, the risk of the spread of imported cased can be controlled, and people take part and be involved in the transition. The design of "New Normal" in terms of Construction can be said as "Construction Adaptation" in which the implementation of construction services that is safe, effective, and efficient to accelerate development while still implementing health protocols. The protocols that should be implemented include: procurement protocols based on online and minimizing face-to-face, work implementation protocols using masks and physical distancing and contract adjustment protocols with contract flexibility to accommodate field conditions. Construction survival strategies in the "New Normal" era, namely: digitizing by optimizing the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), specialization with a focus on specific expertise, industrialization with modular and precast buildings increasing work productivity, building supply chains with vendor management system, adaptation by absorbing concepts new design and new innovation, trust communication.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Management
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Almanac 2015: atrial fibrillation research in Heart

Atrial fibrillation continues to attract interest in the cardiovascular community and in Heart.Over 60 original research and review papers published in Heart in 2014-2015 cover various aspects of atrial fibrillation, from associated conditions and precipitating factors to new approaches to management.Here, we provide an overview of articles on atrial fibrillation published in Heart in 2014-2015, highlighting new developments, emerging concepts and novel approaches to treatment.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Icon for a New Woman: A Previously Unidentified Portrait of Isabella Andreini by Paolo Veronese

My paper concerns a fascinating portrait by Veronese in the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, of a woman here identified as the great Italian actress Isabella Andreini. Thisidentification is based not only on a comparison of its physiognomic details with those in the most reliable known portrait of Isabella, that of Raphael Sadeler (1602), but also on important features emerging from the iconographic analysis. These are the book held in the young lady's left hand, her sophisticated and androgynous appearance, the exceptional cut and fashion of her clothes, and the absence of jewels or other marks of social identification. The date here proposed for the portrait, 1583, coincides with major theatrical events in Venice and its territories. Previous art historians have been reluctant to interpret this extraordinary portrait, because of its lack of recognizable and unambiguous marks of reference. It seems certain that the sitter, here identified as the young but already famous actress, inspired the painter to shape a new, expressive and strong icon of femininity, denoted by intellectual and moral independence, and a firm, physically oriented decorum. This enquiry into the portrait is contextualized by addressing basic methodological questions relevant to the identification of portraits of actors and actresses.

Topic: Historical Art and Architecture Studies
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences