jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cost Efficient Automated Fog Spraying Machine: A Covid-19 Hand Sanitization Solution

As a result of the introduction of new infectious illnesses, key infection prevention measures were implemented. Now, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has expanded swiftly, causing the coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19). Many microorganisms spread illness via hospital surfaces due to environmental pollution. This virus has been associated to close contact between persons in tight situations such as houses, hospitals, assisted living, and residential institutions. Aside from health care settings, public buildings, faith-based community centers, marketplaces, transportation, and corporate environments are prone to COVID-19 transmission. Physical contact to the sanitizer device may cause for spread Covid virus. That's why we have proposed an automatic fogger mechanism-based hand sanitizer that may able to reduce covid risk. Disinfectant fog will flow when object will pass through the machine. This project will save cost, time and wastage along with Covid spreading risk. This project is about designing a good healthcare system. In recent years, sophisticated automation has influenced the health industry. Health care in poor nations is costly. So, the project is an attempt to tackle this issue.

Topic: COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design of a Broadband Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for $W$ -Band Gyro-TWTs

Mode converters for millimeter waves can reduce the transmission loss, generate the desired mode, and facilitate the application of high-power sources. A W-band broadband quasi-optical mode converter which converts a TE0,1 cylindrical waveguide mode into a linearly polarized Gaussian TEM00 mode has been realized and tested in this paper. The converter is composed of a wavefront transforming mirror, a polarization grating, and a phase correcting system. In order to obtain high conversion efficiency over a wide bandwidth and make the structure of the mode converter much simple and compact, the propagation path of the beam is optimized and a wavefront transforming mirror realized by an ellipsoidal mirror rather than a nonquadratic mirror is introduced. The conversion process in each section is displayed and the working principles are discussed in detail. The mode conversion characteristics are investigated by analyzing the measured radiation field pattern. Results of the measurement agree well with the numerical calculations. The proposed W-band mode converter has a conversion bandwidth of 21% when the mode conversion efficiency is over 95% and the cross polarization is below 1.7%. In addition to high conversion efficiency, low cross-polarization, and broad bandwidth, this converter features easy construction and compact structure.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Canadian Literature in Secondary English Classrooms: Examining Identity, Multiculturalism, and Canada’s Colonialism

A growing body of research demonstrates that texts used in Canadian English classes are not reflective of the identities and experiences of students. This research also points out that these texts perpetuate Eurocentric and Anglo-centric perspectives, thus maintaining colonialist ideologies. Through a thematic analysis of three semi-structured interviews, this qualitative research study explores how English teachers challenge commonly held understandings of the term “Canadian literature”, and how they attempt to incorporate multicultural and Indigenous texts in meaningful ways. They share their strategies on how they use these texts to nurture discussions that are relevant and engaging to students from diverse backgrounds. The data reveals that students are most engaged in literature when they see relevant connections between the literature and their own identities, lives, and experiences. Although teachers cite Canadian literature as being especially relevant for students, the data reveals that there are significant barriers to developing a rich and well-rounded Canadian literature curriculum. This study highlights the need for greater resources and training for teachers and administration, as well as a need to close the knowledge gaps that exist in decolonizing educational landscapes within Canada.

Topic: Canadian Identity and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Shape Morphing Mechanism for Improving Wind Turbines Performance

Wind energy technology is facing new challenges due to the increment in rotor diameter. Nowadays, several studies focus on the development of new flow control methods for load alleviation, in order to increase the lifetime of the blades. This paper describes a shape morphing-based method for smart blades. The study includes an aerodynamic model with a computational search algorithm to find the optimal Cp. A section with shape morphing technology was developed to prove the performance of the method. The smart blade prototype section incorporates a novel structure with a flexible skin and a compliant mechanism. This deformable structure achieves the required displacements for different NACA profiles through camber morphing. In this way, the efficiency and the load variations are improved. The compliant mechanism has to be as light as possible and it has to be competitive in cost. In order to achieve these limitations, different actuating mechanisms were evaluated. Among different possibilities, servo actuators presented higher load/weight capabilities and the required displacement ratios to cover the entire deformable range. The airfoil is modified according to the wind condition and the wind speed is the input variable for controlling the actuators displacement. The control algorithm has a very high frequency response; in this way, the blade profile can be modified in a shorter time and it can respond to high wind velocity variations. Therefore, a deformable section improves the overall performance of wind turbines since it increases power and extends the lifetime of the blades.

Topic: Wind Energy Research and Development
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A CASE OF ISCHEMIC NECROSIS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE WITH PROTEIN-LOSING GASTROENTEROPATHY

蛋白漏出性胃腸症はアルブミンが消化管壁から管腔へ過剰に漏出することで低蛋白血症をきたす疾患で, 栄養管理に難渋することが多い. 今回われわれは蛋白漏出胃腸症を合併した虚血性小腸炎を経験したので報告する. 症例は72歳, 男性. 脳硬塞, 心房細動で入院. 入院中に嘔吐・腹痛を認め腸閉塞と診断, イレウス管挿入にて減圧をはかり, イレウス症状は軽快したが食事開始と共に激しい下痢・下血および低アルブミン血症が持続した. 消化管からの蛋白漏出が疑われ, 蛋白漏出シンチグラフィー施行. 左下腹部に異常集積を認め, 虚血性小腸炎による蛋白漏出胃腸症を疑い, 回盲部を含む小腸部分切除術を施行した. 術後から経腸栄養を開始. 術前管理に難渋した下痢の回数・量ともに術後は軽快し, 低アルブミン血症も軽快した. 蛋白漏出性胃腸症を合併した虚血性小腸炎の報告例はなく, 原因・治療法を考える上で大変興味深い症例であった.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phase-Contrast and Dark-Field Imaging

Very early, in 1896, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the founding father of X-rays, attempted to measure diffraction and refraction by this new kind of radiation, in vain. Only 70 years later, these effects were measured by Ulrich Bonse and Michael Hart who used them to make full-field images of biological specimen, coining the term phase-contrast imaging. Yet, another 30 years passed until the Talbot effect was rediscovered for X-radiation, giving rise to a micrograting based interferometer, replacing the Bonse–Hart interferometer, which relied on a set of four Laue-crystals for beam splitting and interference. By merging the Lau-interferometer with this Talbot-interferometer, another ten years later, measuring X-ray refraction and X-ray scattering full-field and in cm-sized objects (as Röntgen had attempted 110 years earlier) became feasible in every X-ray laboratory around the world. Today, now that another twelve years have passed and we are approaching the 125th jubilee of Röntgen’s discovery, neither Laue-crystals nor microgratings are a necessity for sensing refraction and scattering by X-rays. Cardboard, steel wool, and sandpaper are sufficient for extracting these contrasts from transmission images, using the latest image reconstruction algorithms. This advancement and the ever rising number of applications for phase-contrast and dark-field imaging prove to what degree our understanding of imaging physics as well as signal processing have advanced since the advent of X-ray physics, in particular during the past two decades. The discovery of the electron, as well as the development of electron imaging technology, has accompanied X-ray physics closely along its path, both modalities exploring the applications of new dark-field contrast mechanisms these days. Materials science, life science, archeology, non-destructive testing, and medicine are the key faculties which have already integrated these new imaging devices, using their contrast mechanisms in full. This special issue “Phase-Contrast and Dark-field Imaging” gives us a broad yet very to-the-point glimpse of research and development which are currently taking place in this very active field. We find reviews, applications reports, and methodological papers of very high quality from various groups, most of which operate X-ray scanners which comprise these new imaging modalities.

Topic: Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Voluntary environmental management system standards: Case studies in implementation

Abstract Many anticipate that over the next decade, voluntary environmental management system (EMS) standards will take on the same importance in the marketplace as the ISO 9000 quality standards; the draft international EMS standard (ISO 14001) is on pace to be completed by mid‐1996. In the United States, despite rapidly growing interest in EMS standards, most companies and regulatory agencies are uncertain about their potential benefits and about the process of developing an EMS. Case studies of EMS implementation, particularly in small and medium‐sized companies, are needed to demonstrate the process and identify areas in which further EMS guidance is needed for environmental managers. This article presents seven case studies of EMS implementation in small, medium‐sized, and large companies. Each company is participating in an EPA‐sponsored Demonstration Project in which a variety of organizations are piloting the implementation of EMS standards (the project is being coordinated by NSF International, a not‐for‐profit company specializing in environmental and public health standards and certification). The case studies, written by the companies themselves, share experiences of EMS assessment, planning, and implementation, and discuss challenges that are special to particular industries.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Erratum: Mutagenicity of Fly Ash Particles in <i>Paramecium</i>

In the erratum published in the issue of 13 February (p. 656), Tables 1 and 2 from the report "Mutagenicity of fly ash particles in Paramecium " by J. Smith-Sonneborn et al . (9 Jan., p. 180) were printed incorrectly. Significance lines missing in the original tables were also missing in the erratum. With determination, we again reprint the tables as they should have appeared (Table 1 above, Table 2 at right). [See figure in the PDF file]

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring motivations for volunteers in nature conservation to inform local policies

Nature conservation at a local level is characterised by high involvement from volunteers. Meanwhile, the recognition of their potential and capability to use local knowledge to inform nature conservation policies and actions is lacking. In this paper we explore their motivations for participation in nature conservation activities and compare these against the goals of policy initiatives that support local projects. Using four case studies, we apply a neo-endogenous development framework and the principles of sustainable development (SD) to demonstrate the capabilities for local communities to manage their natural resources. The study suggests that a better understanding of the motivations of volunteers in nature conservation and the creation of opportunities for them to participate in local policy making would positively influence local planing policies.

Topic: Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluate Similarities and Differences between Endoscopic Findings, the Rapid Urease Test, and Conventional Histopathology in the Process of Diagnosing an Infection with Helicobacter Pylori

The gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a serious public health problem in countries that are still building their healthcare systems. There is a significant incidence of morbidity and death, with symptoms ranging from chronic gastritis to cancers of the stomach. There is a large amount of variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection from one nation to the next, and even within a country, from one area to the next. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the commonly available diagnostic methods, such as the Rapid Urease Test (RUT), and conventional histopathology in the diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis, as well as to investigate the association between H. Pylori and the development of gastrointestinal complications. Settings and Design: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2012 and September 2014, with data collection beginning in May 2012. The components and the procedure: The research was conducted in a tertiary medical college hospital in India for the purpose of this study. Endoscopy was performed on patients who presented with dyspeptic symptoms, and histological examination and RUT were used to determine whether or not H. pylori infection was present in the biopsy specimens. The presence of H. pylori was determined to be the case if either of the diagnostic tests produced positive findings. Results: A diagnosis of H. pylori was established in 330 out of 550 individuals. There was a substantial statistical association between H. pylori infection and the occurrence of endoscopic abnormalities and major gastrointestinal complications (peptic ulcer and dysplasia/cancer). When it came to the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, RUT exhibited predictive values that were on par with those of histology. Conclusion: It has been suggested that H. pylori is responsible for a large amount of morbidity and death that is caused by related gastrointestinal problems. It is crucial for the avoidance of major problems to conduct early and precise detection using many cost-effective approaches, maintain strong patient compliance, and initiate treatment as soon as possible.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Star formation in collisional ring galaxies and the circumnuclear regions of active galactic nuclei

This dissertation contains multiwavelength observational projects on collisional ring galax­ ies. active galactic nuclei (AGNs). and neutral hydrogen observations of the collisional ring galaxy Arp 118 (an interacting pair NGC 11-14/1143). I have demonstrated in my dissertation research that: starburst knots of individual colli­ sional ring gala.xies cluster around the same, very young age suggesting that their formation was recently triggered by a coherent event all around the ring and strongly supports their pro­ duction as a result of the passage of a radial density wave: the atomic and molecular emission in the strongly interacting gala.xy .\rp 118 appears to be very asymmetrically distributed such that the .WV region of the gala.xy is mainly atomic hydrogen, whereas the SE region has an interstellar medium which is ~94% molecular hydrogen. One possiblity is that in the SE region there is a rapid conversion of HI to H). which may be a result of the highly off-center collision between .\GC 1144 and .\GC 1143: and the global far-infrared colors of Seyfert galaxies may be linked to their radio morphologies.

Topic: Scientific Research and Discoveries
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Revealing the Shape of Genome Space via K-mer Topology

Despite decades of effort, understanding the shape of genome space in biology remains a challenge due to the similarity, variability, diversity, and plasticity of evolutionary relationships among species, genes, or other biological entities. We present a k-mer topology method, the first of its kind, to delineate the shape of the genome space. K-mer topology examines the topological persistence and the evolution of the homotopic shape of the sequences of k nucleotides in species, organisms, and genes using persistent Laplacians, a new multiscale combinatorial approach. We also propose a topological genetic distance between species by their topological invariants and non-harmonic spectra over scales. This new metric defines the topological phylogenetic trees of genomes, facilitating species classification and clustering. K-mer topology substantially outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a variety of benchmark datasets, including mammalian mitochondrial genomes, Rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2 variants, Ebola virus, Hepatitis E virus, Influenza hemagglutinin genes, and whole bacterial genomes. K-mer topology reveals the intrinsic shapes of the genome space and can be directly applied to the rational design of viral vaccines.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nanosized functional miRNA liposomes and application in the treatment of TNBC by silencing Slug gene

Yan Yan, Xue-Qi Li, Jia-Lun Duan, Chun-Jie Bao, Yi-Nuo Cui, Zhan-Bo Su, Jia-Rui Xu, Qian Luo, Ming Chen, Ying Xie, Wan-Liang LuState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaBackground: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is an effective strategy for improving treatment of breast cancers. However, the efficacy of this treatment strategy is limited for treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Gene therapy may be a more effective strategy for improving the prognosis of TNBC.Methods: A novel 25 nucleotide sense strand of miRNA was designed to treat TNBC by silencing the Slug gene, and encapsulated into DSPE-PEG2000-tLyp-1 peptide-modified functional liposomes. The efficacy of miRNA liposomes was evaluated on invasive TNBC cells and TNBC cancer-bearing nude mice. Furthermore, functional vinorelbine liposomes were constructed to investigate the anticancer effects of combined treatment.Results: The functional miRNA liposomes had a round shape and were nanosized (120 nm). Functional miRNA liposomes were effectively captured by TNBC cells in vitro and were target to mitochondria. Treatment with functional liposomes silenced the expression of Slug and Slug protein, inhibited the TGF-&beta;1/Smad pathway, and inhibited invasiveness and growth of TNBC cells. In TNBC cancer-bearing mice, functional miRNA liposomes exerted a stronger anticancer effect than functional vinorelbine liposomes, and combination therapy with these two formulations resulted in nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth. Preliminary safety evaluations indicated that the functional miRNA liposomes did not affect body weight or cause damage to any major organs. Furthermore, the functional liposomes significantly increased the half-life of the drug in the blood of cancer-bearing nude mice, and increased drug accumulation in breast cancer tissues.Conclusion: In this study, we constructed novel functional miRNA liposomes. These liposomes silenced Slug expression and inhibited the TGF-&beta;1/Smad pathway in TNBC cells, and enhanced anticancer efficacy in mice using combined chemotherapy. Hence, the present study demonstrated a promising strategy for gene therapy of invasive breast cancer.Keywords: functional miRNA liposomes, Slug, TGF-&beta;1/Smad, gene therapy, TNBC

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Faiza Bary Malik

Faiza Bary Malik (“Lipi”) took the unusual decision to train in the male dominated specialty of surgery. She arrived in Scotland in 1967, later pursuing training in paediatric surgery and working in various parts of England. Her interest gradually focused on general practice, and in 1979 she joined a long …

Topic: Diversity and Career in Medicine
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of Peer Assessment and Self-Assessment in Class Discussions to Assess Concept Understanding Ability of Prospective Biology Educators

The ability of understanding important concepts held by educators and learners. This ability is fundamental in achieving one of the outcomes of learning. Their understanding of the concept of ownership is the ability of a person can use in solving a problem that is related to the concept in everyday life. This descriptive study aims to obtain a description of the conceptual understanding of prospective biology educator students through the use of peer and self-assessment in class discussions. The research subjects were 26 prospective Biology educator students of the 2019/2020 academic year who contracted the human body anatomy physiology course. The instruments used consisted of peer and self assessment sheets, lecturer observation sheets and conceptual understanding questions. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the average peer assessment score was greater than the self assessment, where the peer assessment was in the moderate category (49%) and the self assessmet was in the poor category (34%). There were only 10 students (38.46%) who were in conformity between peer and self assessment with adequate and insufficient categories. The discrepancy was found in 16 students (61.54%) with the category enough, less and very less. The ability to understand the concept of students on each indicator shows different percentage mean. The highest percentage of concept understanding ability indicators is found in the indicators of explaining the concept with its own sentence structure about something that is read or heard clearly / concretely by 64% (Good), while the lowest percentage of indicators of concept comprehension ability is found in the indicators able to connect symbolic forms (pictures, tables, concept maps, diagrams, graphs, mathematical equations, and other formulas) in concepts with other concepts of 51% (Enough).

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences