jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ergosterol purified from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating multiple tumor suppressors

We have previously screened thirteen medicinal mushrooms for their potential anti-cancer activities in eleven different cell lines and found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest capacity in inducing cancer cell death. The current study aimed to purify molecules mediating the anti-cancer cell activity. The extract of Amauroderma rude was subject to fractionation, silica gel chromatography, and HPLC. We purified a compound and identified it as ergosterol by EI-MS and NMR, which was expressed at the highest level in Amauroderma rude compared with other medicinal mushrooms tested. We found that ergosterol induced cancer cell death, which was time and concentration dependent. In the in vivo experiment, normal mice were injected with murine cancer cell line B16 that is very aggressive and caused mouse death severely. We found that treatment with ergosterol prolonged mouse survival. We found that ergosterol-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell viability occurred through apoptosis and that ergosterol up-regulated expression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3. In addition, the Foxo3 down-stream signaling molecules Fas, FasL, BimL, and BimS were up-regulated leading to apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Our results suggest that ergosterol is the main anti-cancer ingredient in Amauroderma rude, which activated the apoptotic signal pathway. Ergosterol may serve as a potential lead for cancer therapy.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Castle studies in Britain since 1945

This commentary examines the development of castle studies in Britain since 1945, based on an examination of published works. The first chapter outlines the development of castle studies before 1945. The remaining chapters chronicle briefly the important aspects of castle studies since then, detailed under various themes, which have been documented in my bibliographies and my general surveys from the late 1970s onwards, with a closing chapter on my role in the subject. My involvement in the study of castles and later fortifications began in the closing days of 1969 when I began work in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of London. It was not long before I discovered not only the wealth of material that had been written on castles, but that castle studies was treated as an academic subject, and a subject that had been growing in importance from the 1960s. I was guided in my introduction to the subject by two men in particular: Dr Arnold Taylor, one of the Antiquaries' officers who had appointed me, and Dr Derek Renn. Renn, a government actuary by profession, spent much time in the Antiquaries' library every week, and became my unofficial mentor in castle studies. Taylor, whose heavy involvement with the Society of Antiquaries, combined with his role as Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments, meant that his time was limited, looked kindly upon this enthusiastic amateur, especially in later years. Having qualified as a professional librarian whilst at the Society of Antiquaries, I realized that I needed a degree, whether I remained as a librarian or branched out into archaeology. I therefore spent three years at the University of Southampton (1974-77), reading history and archaeology, and it was during that time that my first publication appeared, an article in the new journal Fort, linked to my work on a BA dissertation. Work on the documentary aspects of early post-medieval fortification began while I was at the History Faculty Library in the University of Oxford (1977-79) and when I started at the National Museum of Wales (1979 onwards)see Appendix but it was not long before castle studies became the main thrust of my studies.

Topic: Medieval Architecture and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Factitious methemoglobinemia

We report the case of a 26 year-old female who was treated on numerous occasions for methemoglobinemia believed secondary to surreptitious abuse of dapsone as part of a factitious disorder. Am. J. Hematol. 62:196–197, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intracellular methylglyoxal accumulation in classically activated mouse macrophages is mediated by HIF-1α

Abstract Approximately one million cases of sepsis in the United States occur annually. The early phase of sepsis features dramatic changes in host metabolism and inflammation. While examining the effects of metabolic pathways on inflammation, we discovered that the highly reactive glycolytic metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG), accumulates intracellularly during classical activation of macrophages. Herein, we explored the role of glycolysis and the master regulator of glycolysis, Hypoxia-Inducing Factor-1α (HIF-1α), in inflammation and MG accumulation in mouse and human macrophages. To determine how HIF-1α regulates the inflammatory response of macrophages, we correlated HIF-1α stabilization with proinflammatory gene expression and MG-adduct accumulation in WT vs HIF1a-deficient macrophages treated with LPS or LPS + IFN-γ. A nearly complete loss of HIF-1α protein expression in response to the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt chloride, confirmed the phenotype of the HIF1a-deficient macrophages. Moreover, absence of HIF-1α was also associated with decreased MG accumulation. Increasing the glucose concentration in cultured macrophages was sufficient to cause accumulation of endogenous MG-adducts which correlated with increased Tnf and Il1b expression during classical activation. The use of the MG antagonist, aminoguanidine, led to a significant decrease in Tnf and Il1b expression in both mouse macrophages and the THP-1 human macrophage cell line. Although off-target effects cannot be ruled out, these results are consistent with the possibility that MG regulates cytokine expression in classically activated macrophages. Collectively, this work suggests that HIF-1α stabilization is upstream of MG accumulation and that targeting the activity of HIF-1α in macrophages may be therapeutic during sepsis by limiting endogenous MG accumulation.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bacillus subtilis Promotes Cucumber Growth and Quality under Higher Nutrient Solution by Altering the Rhizospheric Microbial Community

Bacillus subtilis was applied in peat-based soilless cultivation systems containing a mixed substrate (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 2:1:1, v/v/v) and irrigated by one-strength or four-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution to explore whether it can alleviate inhibition by higher-nutrient solutions (four-strength) and bring benefits to improvements of quality. The results showed that higher-nutrient solutions improved the flavor quality of cucumber fruit; especially, the contents of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-Nonenal were effectively increased, which are the special flavor substances of cucumber. B. subtilis K424 effectively improved growth performance, photosynthetic capacity, vitamin C content, soluble sugars, soluble protein, and total pectin in cucumber under higher nutrition solution conditions. Compared with the higher solution treatment, the bacterial diversity significantly increased, whereas the presence of fungi had no significant difference following the B. subtilis K424 application. Moreover, B. subtilis K424 reduced the relative abundance of Actinomadura and promoted that of the Rhodanobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Devosiaceae, and Blastobotrys genera. Redundancy analysis showed that Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Blastobotrys were positively correlated with the substrate enzyme of sucrase, catalase, and urease. This study provides insight that B. subtilis K424 mitigated the deleterious effects of high levels of nutrition solution on cucumber growth and quality by improving the substrate enzyme, regulating the microbial community structure, and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
KTÓRĘDY JASIU POJEDZIESZ

Performer: POLONIA Vocal Quartette; Polish; Naspiewal kwartet; z akompan. orkiestry. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil CT, 2.3mil CT, 2.8mil CT, 3.3mil CT. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 0, Rolloff: 0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 46526 Catalog number: E2596 Other IDs from the record include: 46526

Topic: Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study of efficacy and safety of a biosimilar adalimumab with innovator product in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis on a stable dose of methotrexate

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity between the biosimilar adalimumab (AdaliRel) and the reference innovator product in moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on stable dose of methotrexate (MTX). Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe active RA (n = 106) on a stable dose of MTX were randomized to biosimilar adalimumab (AdaliRel) (study arm) or reference innovator adalimumab (reference arm) 40 mg every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients who achieve ACR20 response at week 16. The secondary endpoint was proportion of patients who achieve ACR50, ACR70, absolute values, and changes from baseline in the disease activity score 28 joint (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) at week 16 and week 24. Safety was assessed through adverse events (AEs) and laboratory evaluations up to week 34. Antidrug antibodies were assessed to determine immunogenicity. Results: Out of 106 randomized, 104 individuals were dosed in the study (one subject from each arm was dropped due to consent withdrawal). The number of patients achieving ACR20 response at week 16 was 90.48% in study arm and 90% in the reference arm. The number of patients ACR70 response at week 16 was 13.1% in the study arm and 15% in the reference arm. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment arms in terms of number of responders (P > 0.05). No difference also was observed in DAS28, HAQ-DI scores, RF, and CRP changes from baseline. There were no clinically meaningful differences in AEs. Immunogenicity profile at week 16 did not indicate any clinically significant concerns. Conclusion: Biosimilar adalimumab (AdaliRel) and the reference product showed comparable efficacy and safety in RA patients who were on stable dose of MTX.

Topic: Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
High-angle-of-attack stability and control improvements for the EA-6B Prowler

The factors involved in high-angle-of-attack directional divergence phenomena for the EA-6B ECM aircraft have been investigated in NASA-Langley wind tunnel facilities in order to evaluate airframe modifications which would eliminate or delay such divergence to angles-of-attack farther removed from the operational flight envelope of the aircraft. The results obtained indicate that an adverse sidewash at the aft fuselage and vertical tail location is responsible for the directional stability loss, and that the sidewash is due to a vortex system generated by the fuselage-wing juncture. Modifications encompassing a wing inboard leading edge droop, a wing glove strake, and a vertical fin extension, have significantly alleviated the stability problem.

Topic: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of NK Cells Using Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing in Patients With Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by fast progression and high mortality, with systemic inflammation and immune paralysis as its key events. While natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immune cells, their unique function and subpopulation heterogeneity in ACLF have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with ACLF and determine their roles in the inflammatory responses. Methods Circulating NK cells (14 751 cells) from patients with ACLF and healthy controls (HCs) were subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Clustering and annotation were used to identify the features of NK cell subsets and the characteristics of disease progression in ACLF. Results Four NK cell subsets were obtained, including adaptive NK cells, mature NK cells, inflamed NK cells, and CD56 bright NK cells. Compared with the HCs, the patients with ACLF had a significantly lower proportion of Mature NK cells and a higher proportion of Inflamed NK cells. Quasi‐temporal analysis showed that Inflamed NK cells were highly enriched in the late quasi‐temporal sequence, and genes related to pro‐inflammatory were significantly up‐regulated in Inflamed NK cells. In addition, scRNA‐seq and flow cytometry confirmed that the expression level of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 2 ( CEMIP2 ) in NK cells progressively increased from the HC group to the ACLF survival group and then to the ACLF death group. Conclusions scRNA‐seq reveals that Inflamed NK cell subsets are associated with ACLF progression and poor prognosis. CEMIP2 may be a molecular marker for ACLF progression.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Neutron and gamma ray coincidence measurements of a high-multiplication, subcritical assembly of weapons-grade plutonium

Correlated neutrons and gamma rays were measured from a subcritical highly-multiplying assembly of plutonium at the Device Assembly Facility (DAF) located at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The assembly was a 4.5 kg α-phase plutonium metal sphere composed of 94% <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">239</sup> Pu and 6% <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">240</sup> Pu by weight. Passive measurements were performed with the bare source and with multiple shielding configurations including polyethylene, steel, and tungsten. Data were collected using two EJ-309 liquid scintillators, two EJ-299 plastic scintillators, and one CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> detector. Fast neutron-gamma timing correlations were analyzed and the feasibility of using measurements of late-arriving neutrons or late-arriving gamma rays to estimate the multiplication of the assembly was studied. Simulations were performed with MCNPX-PoliMi and GEANT4 and their results were compared to the experimental results.

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Medicinal agents incorporating the 1,2-diamine functionality

The 1,2-diamine (vicinal diamine) functionality is a remarkable template which displays a broad spectrum of biological activity. For the purpose of this review, molecules possessing two nitrogen atoms separated by two carbon atoms, at least one of which being sp3-hydridized, will be considered to be 1,2-diamines. Structural units such as piperazine and imidazolidine will be included as examples of 1,2-diamines. The 1,2-diamine conformation may be found in many important compounds including antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, analgesics, antianxiety agents, local anesthetics, anticonvulsants, gastrointestinal agents, anticancer drugs, and antiparasitic agents. The number of compounds falling into the 1,2-diamine category as defined above is considerable. Consequently, this review is intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Indicatios of Wasatiyyah or Moderation in Islam

I will begin by posing a question: Are there any indicators to tell us that Islam anchors itself in the middle path of moderation, to show, in other words, that wasatiyyah is the governing principle of Islam?&#x0D; Islam’s advocacy of wasatiyyah is, first of all, known by the explicit affirmation of the Qur’an, when it designates the Muslim community as a community of the middle path (ummatan wasatan) (al-Baqarah, 2:143). This Qur’anic designation is espoused with a commitment for the Ummah to act as witnesses for truth and serve the cause of justice.

Topic: Islamic Studies and Radicalism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The crystal structure of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>20</sub>BrFN<sub>2</sub>O<sub>1</sub>

Abstract C 18 H 20 BrFN 2 O 1 , monoclinic, P 2 1 / c (no. 14), a = 14.1884(10) Å, b = 5.3673(4) Å, c = 22.3768(15) Å, β = 93.293(2)°, V = 1701.3(2) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0510, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.1384, T = 273 K.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Production of butyrate from lysine and the Amadori product fructoselysine by a human gut commensal

Human intestinal bacteria produce butyrate, which has signalling properties and can be used as energy source by enterocytes thus influencing colonic health. However, the pathways and the identity of bacteria involved in this process remain unclear. Here we describe the isolation from the human intestine of Intestinimonas strain AF211, a bacterium that can convert lysine stoichiometrically into butyrate and acetate when grown in a synthetic medium. Intestinimonas AF211 also converts the Amadori product fructoselysine, which is abundantly formed in heated foods via the Maillard reaction, into butyrate. The butyrogenic pathway includes a specific CoA transferase that is overproduced during growth on lysine. Bacteria related to Intestinimonas AF211 as well as the genetic coding capacity for fructoselysine conversion are abundantly present in colonic samples from some healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that protein can serve as a source of butyrate in the human colon, and its conversion by Intestinimonas AF211 and related butyrogens may protect the host from the undesired side effects of Amadori reaction products.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
population

The evolutionary conservation of a housekeeping gene such as G6PD is greater than that of tissue-specific genes, presumably because the latter may require more specific adaptation to the physiology of individual organisms. The abundance of distinct mutation sites and their clinical manifestations make G6PD ideal for structure-function analysis. Therefore, it is of interest to screen of G6PD deficiency in the blood donors in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We report the mean and variation of enzyme activity in a huge set of Suadi to non-Saudi population with reference to the entire population. The sequence level conservation of G6PD among distant species is demonstrated using phylogenetic trees. These observations have implications in the sequence-structure-function understanding of G6PD with reference to its association to several human diseases.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
British wilderness : A case for designation and management

The notion of 'wilderness' has its origins in or before Biblical times and man’s relationship with wild nature has a long and changing history. In the USA, the development of the appreciation of wild landscape evolved throughout the period of colonisation and frontier consolidation. It reached its zenith with the creation in 1964 of designated Wilderness Areas backed by congressional law. Wilderness and wild nature have many meanings and much significance both in an anthropogenic and an ecological sense. In Britain, these meanings have been less clearly identified than in the USA but they nevertheless form an important part of our cultural and biological heritage. The role of wild nature in Britain is inevitably tied to a profound and long-standing involvement in land management, even in our most remote landscapes. Many aspects of this management are appreciated by recreationalists where the print of man may even enhance the positive experience of wild country. If Britain is to develop a wilderness tradition and designate wilderness areas at the top of its hierarchy of reserve areas, we must appreciate three things: firstly the ecological need for allowing natural processes to proceed without interference; secondly the value placed on artificial elements by recreationalists; and thirdly the need for a sense of remoteness, solitude and tranquillity to reign in these areas. Accommodating these three conflicting ideas will be an immensely difficult management task, especially in our most popular uplands like the Lake District. Recent discussions on the future of nature management and many current management plans for wild and remoter parts of our landscape are recognising that the wilderness tradition does have a role in British land management practice and that its development is overdue.

Topic: Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Coordinated fractional frequency reuse

In recent years, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) has become an attractive transmission technology, which is part of various emerging system standards for broadband cellular communications. Examples include the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 802.16e WiMAX. In OFDMA, mobile terminals are multiplexed in time and frequency. A major problem in these systems is the inter-cell interference, which is caused by neighboring cells when transmitting on the same time and frequency slots. This problem can be solved by using beamforming antennas and coordinating the transmissions among base stations. This is known as interference coordination. In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm for interference coordination, which enhances the cell edge performance with global information provided by a central coordinator. The signaling delay during the communication with the central coordinator can be on the order of seconds, while an additional local interference coordination in each base station ensures a high performance even in dynamic environments. This combination of global and local coordination enhances the overall spectral efficiency by 50% compared to a Reuse 3 system while maintaining the same cell edge performance.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences