jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Figure S6 from Insulin-Mediated Signaling Facilitates Resistance to PDGFR Inhibition in Proneural hPDGFB-Driven Gliomas

&lt;p&gt;PDGFR expression in recurring GFAP/tTA:TRE/hPDGFB allografts resistant to hPDGFB suppression.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Trichophysetis Meyrick 1884

TRICHOPHYSETIS Meyrick, 1884: 287 type species Trichophysetis neophyla Meyrick, 1884 ALPHERAKIA Ragonot, 1890: 520 CALLINAIAS Warren, 1890 in Swinhoe: 286 CALLINAIS Warren, 1890 misspelling CRASIGENES Meyrick, 1894: 476 PURIELLA Strand, 1918: 88 TRICHOPHYRETIS Pagenstecher, 1909 misspelling TRIEROPIS Meyrick, 1886: 218 HENDECASIS: Hampson, 1896: 131 (key), 140. syn. n. NEOHENDECASIS Shibuya, 1931: 168. A moderately sized genus characterised by the dark band on the hindwings which forms a continuum with the abdomen when specimens are at rest with their abdomen slightly raised. The male genitalia are complex with structures arising from the base of the vinculum. Those whose biology is known feed on Oleaceae. HENDECASIS was described by Hampson (1896) on the basis of differences in the palpi, but it is clear his description of this genus was based only on a female with “palpi porrect, straight and nearly naked, about three times length of head” which is contrasted with TRICHOPHYSETIS with a description of a male: “palpi porrect, about twice as long as head, and thickly tufted with hair”. He also describes Hendecasis palpi as having maxillary palpi triangularly scaled, quoted also by Shibuya (1931). I have not been able to discern anything that matches that description, here again the distinction appears to be between sexes or differences at specific level. Differences in venation are minor whereas the general plan of the genitalia is consistent among species, hence HENDECASIS is placed in the synonymy of TRICHOPHYSETIS.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Feature Selection - Extraction Methods Based on PCA and Mutual Information to Improve Damage Detection Problem in Offshore Wind Turbines

Damage Detection problem in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is widely studied by many researchers, therefore lots of damage detection algorithms can be found in the literature. Feature Selection / Extraction methods are essential in the accuracy of these algorithms, they provide the suitable data to be used. The main goal of this work is to improve the input data to be the most representative for the damage detection problem. This is done using different Feature Selection / Extraction methods (PCA, UmRMR, and a combination of both). After taking the representative features, the results are tested using a damage detection method; the NullSpace in this case. The data has been collected from a Laboratory Offshore tower model. The different results are compared (different preprocessing vs Raw data) and these show how the correct preselection of the data can improve damage detection.

Topic: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Autologous Corneal Patch on a Post-Traumatic Corneal Perforation

The surgical management of corneal perforations, particularly in pediatric cases, poses a complex challenge that involves treating the underlying condition and restoring corneal integrity while preserving optical clarity.This case report details the treatment of a 9-year-old child who experienced a corneal perforation due to a metallic foreign body impact.whichwas treated effectively using an autologous corneal patch technique.Surgical intervention included the removal of the foreign body and placement of the patch, which was secured with 10/0 monofilament sutures.Post-operative management featured antibiotics, atropine, dexamethasone eye drops, and artificial tears, resulting in an improvement of visual acuity to 10/10 after suture removal and sustained structural and functional integrity of the cornea.This case underscores the efficacy of autologous corneal patches in managing small, peripheral corneal perforations in children, offering a viable option that provides satisfactory anatomical and functional outcomes.

Topic: Corneal Surgery and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An alternative image quality assessment method for blurred images

This study proposes a no-reference image quality assessment method for blurred images. In this approach, first, a discrete wavelet transform was applied to the sample images and then the results were decomposed into four subbands. This was followed by the calculation of the spatial frequencies of high-high (HH2) and low-low (LL2) subbands. Then the ratio of spatial frequencies of HH2 and LL2 subbands was calculated. Information about the image quality was obtained by using this ratio, with lower values indicative of better image quality. The study aims to investigate whether the proposed method is capable of measuring the image quality. The proposed technique was tested on the standard images. Three different images were used, of which each one was distorted with the same type and amount of noise. Motion noise, blurring and sharpening was applied to distort the images. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared with eight representative image quality measures. This provides a meaningful comparison across different types of image distortions. Then, the cameraman image was also blurred with two different noises: Gaussian and disk-shaped blur. The varying amount of blur was compared with Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) values of the cameraman image. The method gives good results in different resolutions as well. Its computation is easy, independent of viewing conditions.

Topic: Image and Video Quality Assessment
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biodegradable Implant Materials

Implants are medical devices that have critical importance for human health. The functions expected from implant materials have increased with the advancement of medicine and engineering. Implants are used for different purposes in different areas of the body. While some implants must be permanent in the body to fulfill their duties, some implants must be removed from the implanted area after a certain period. If an implant is to be removed from the relevant area after a certain period, an operation is required for this and then, there will be a healing process. The use of biodegradable implant materials eliminates the need for this additional operation. Biodegradable materials leave their place to the tissue gradually in a certain period. Biodegradable implant materials are one of the popular research areas today and many studies are carried out in this field every year. In this chapter, information about implants, biomaterials, biodegradability concept, biodegradable metals, and biodegradable polymers is shared. Also, examples of the use of biodegradable materials in biomedical applications are included.

Topic: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of semi-solid, liquid, and temporary immersion bioreactor systems for efficient plant regeneration of Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Shy Pink’

<title>Abstract</title> Temporary immersion system (TIS) cultures are reported to be superior when compared to semi-solid (SS) and liquid cultures for in vitro plant regeneration of many plant species. In the present study, we used the TIS system for plant regeneration of <italic>Gerbera jemesonii</italic> cv. ‘Shy Pink’ and compared the results with that of SS and liquid cultures. The shoots regenerated with SS and liquid cultures demonstrated 3.33 and 4.22% hyperhydricity, whereas the shoots regenerated with TIS were healthy even though the number of shoots regenerated was less in number. The plantlets regenerated with TIS demonstrated higher values with the number of roots, root length, biomass of plantlets, leaf length/width, and area compared to SS and liquid cultures. The photosynthetic pigments were highest in <italic>Gerbera jemesonii</italic> cv. ‘Shy Pink’ plants were regenerated with TIS. The number of stomata on the abaxial surface of leaves was 11.40 and the frequency of closed stomata was 59% with plants regenerated with TIS. Furthermore, <italic>Gerbera jemesonii</italic> cv. ‘Shy Pink’ showed the highest survival of plants that were regenerated in TIS compared to SS and liquid cultures. TIS was found as the most suitable culture system for the micropropagation of <italic>Gerbera jemesonii</italic> cv. ‘Shy Pink’ compared to SS and liquid cultures.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Frequency of Anomalously Red Galaxies in SDSS Clusters

Abstract We present a systematic photometric search for spectroscopically confirmed anomalously red galaxies members of 748 low redshift clusters between 0.03 z 0.17 from the SDSS-C4 cluster catalogue (Miller et al. 2005). For each cluster we spectroscopically determine cluster membership, construct a colour-magnitude diagram and fit the red sequence using a robust bi-weight fit. We define an “anomalously red galaxy” as having a ( g - r ) colour of greater than 3σ redward of the fitted cluster colour-magnitude relation. We find that of 7485 galaxies at r ≤ 17.77 in ( g - r ), 7 galaxies are anomalously red – 0.0935 per cent of all galaxies in our sample. We show that two of the red outliers are caused by red contamination from nearby sources and are therefore not intrinsically anomalous red. However, 5 have no underlying cause to be so red and we speculate that they may have a high internal dust content. These intrinsically red galaxies are rare – comprising no more than 0.0668 per cent of all cluster galaxies. Most are morphologically early type galaxies, with a few probable late type galaxies that are viewed edge-on and one low surface brightness late type. One of our anomalously red galaxies appears to be a dust-shrouded starburst and we speculate that this may be a unique galaxy amoungst this galaxy set.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Mechanics of Mass Incarceration

The way that prisons fill can be depicted with an analogy. Imagine a road that leads to prison, the “prison road.” The police divert people who are traveling on other roads onto the prison road. Between this police-controlled entry ramp and prison are a variety of off-ramps. The first off-ramp is controlled by prosecutors who can decline to prosecute, diverting people off the prison road. Another off-ramp is operated by grand juries who can decline to indict or trial juries who can vote to acquit. A large off-ramp is operated by judges who can dismiss cases or impose noncustodial sentences. On the other side of prison are additional ramps operated by parole boards, who can shrink the prison population by ordering early release (or expand it via parole revocations), and governors who can do the same through clemency. This whole enterprise – the road, the prison, and the on- and off-ramps – is designed and funded by legislators.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pasture plants and soil fertility management to improve the efficiency of phosphorus fertiliser use in temperate grassland systems

Phosphorus (P) fertilisers are important for productivity in many grassland systems. Phosphorus is a non-renewable and finite resource, and there are environmental and economic reasons for using P more effectively. We review the P balance of temperate pastures to identify the factors contributing to inefficient use of P fertiliser and discuss ways to improve P-balance efficiency. Immediate gains can be made by ensuring that P fertiliser inputs are managed to ensure that the plant-available P concentrations of soil do not exceed the minimum concentration associated with maximum pasture production. Unnecessarily high soil P concentrations are associated with greater potential for P loss to the wider environment, and with higher rates of P accumulation in soils that have a high P-sorption capacity. Soil microorganisms already play a crucial role in P cycling and its availability for pasture growth, but are not amenable to management. Consequently, plants with lower critical P requirements, particularly because of better root foraging, will be an important avenue for improving the P-balance efficiency of fertilised pastures. Traits such as long fine roots, branching, root hairs, and mycorrhizal associations all contribute to improved root foraging by pasture plants; some of these traits are amenable to breeding. However, progress in breeding for improved P efficiency in pasture plants has been minimal. It is likely that traditional plant breeding, augmented by marker-assisted selection and interspecific hybridisation, will be necessary for progress. There are practical limits to the gains that can be made by root foraging alone; therefore, plants that can ‘mine’ sparingly available P in soils by producing organic anions and phosphatases are also needed, as are innovations in fertiliser technology.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Innovative Approaches in Mirtazapine delivery: Pharmacokinetic Simulations, Immediate release to Controlled release tablets, Formulation Optimization via D-optimal Mixture Design

This research study describes the formulation and evaluation of Mirtazapine Controlled Release (CR) tablets, intended to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Utilizing pharmacokinetic data from the USFDA-approved Remeron Immediate-Release (IR) tablets, we constructed a plasma profile curve and calculated the following pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, T max, AUC, Vd, and Ke. The principle of superposition method was employed to simulate steady-state plasma concentrations (Css), establishing target Css max and Css min values. These targets guided the development of our controlled Release Formulation, which was designed to achieve a zero-order release mechanism. The dose and release rate of the proposed controlled release tablets were precisely adjusted to meet the targeted Css max and Css min concentrations. Our formulation strategy utilized different hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC, Carbopol and Polyethylene oxide to create a robust ER matrix, we employed D optimal mixture design to optimize the concentration of these three critical formulation variables. Dissolution studies were carried out in different media such as 0.01 N HCl, pH 4.5 Acetate buffer and pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer for14 hours to evaluate the rate, extent and drug release kinetics. The successful simulation of plasma concentrations, followed by adjustments of dose and release rate, subsequent optimization of formulation variables using Design of experiments yielded a CR tablet that meets the pharmacokinetic endpoints set by the IR reference. This innovative approach to Mirtazapine CR tablet formulation could significantly enhance the patient compliance by providing a more consistent and controlled drug delivery system.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
A model of consumer information search and online network externalities

This article looks at a consumer who faces a choice between two sources of information: conventional and online. The online source is different from the conventional one because consumers care about how many people are using it along with them. Generally, the more users the better (positive network externality), but, on the other hand, the presence of more users implies a reduction of available capacity, about which consumers also care. We assume that consumers maximize their utility, which is modeled as a function of all other consumption, knowledge, and network externalities. Knowledge is conceptualized as a function of the amount of information spent both on the online network and on conventional sources. Since consumer information searches may differ according to demographic differences, this may result in consumers’ differences in their usage of online networks and conventional sources. We include these externalities in our model to better understand consumer choice behavior for the online network. The consumer utility function is estimated by using the model estimation method developed in this article, since the interactions implied by the consumer utility function are more complex than one could hope to estimate econometrically. We use survey data to regress the demand for online information depending on income, education, the number of users, and remaining capacity. We introduce a methodology to simulate how consumers’ representative utilities will behave in different network environments and derive implications for online network suppliers.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
PANDA; a self-recovering shallow water acoustic logger

An increasing focus on monitoring the coastal environment and the need to do so without leaving any surface expression to hinder vessel traffic or attract unintended recovery or collateral damage from other marine activities has led to a several developments in building bottom-mounted observation platforms that release to the surface on command or after a fixed delay. Typically these consist of a pressure housing with internal electronics package, a release mechanism, deadweight anchor, buoyancy unit and perhaps a spooled line. If no line is used, the deadweight is released and left on the bottom. This may be unacceptable in terms of environmental impact and undesirable for other reasons, particularly in sensitive areas. A second major disadvantage is that a free-floating released package drifts with current and can easily be lost. If the package is small (desirable if it is to be cheap and easily deployed and recovered) it is then difficult to see on the surface, particularly in rough seas. Expensive VHF transmitters, GPS receivers, strobes, etc., are then required to ensure pick-up. This drives up the cost. The spooled line approach not only recovers the entire system, but also maintains the package tethered to the bottom at a fixed location until pick-up. With GPS standard positioning now accurate to some 5 in rms, this is sufficient to locate even small packages. We present an inexpensive package design that is small, fight, deployable by two people and that consists only of a single combined buoyancy, pressure casing and spooled line unit plus an anchor. This is a development of an earlier Pop-up Ambient Noise Data Acquisition (PANDA) system built in 1996.

Topic: Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Female infertility due to abnormal autoimmunity: frequently overlooked and greatly underappreciated. Part I

When the impact of abnormal autoimmune function on female fertility is objectively examined, an unexpectedly large contribution is (auto)immune related. This may be surprising since many authorities have been dismissive of (auto)immune-associated infertility. In this article, we therefore summarize the link between abnormal autoimmune function and female infertility, based on literature searches. Abnormal autoimmune function affects female fertility at numerous levels of the reproductive process. As with autoimmune conditions in general, abnormal autoimmune function affecting fertility is often difficult to diagnose since it frequently presents subclinically, without overt clinical symptoms. It also demonstrates other characteristics of abnormal autoimmunity, such as familial occurrence and genetic predisposition, environmental cofactors contributing to phenotypic expression of genetic risk and cyclicity of occurrence, often characterized by gestational exacerbation patterns. Proven treatments for autoimmune-associated infertility have not been established to date. This fact should, however, not preclude efforts to reach correct diagnoses, since only accurate diagnoses can lead to appropriately conducted clinical trials.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) against variants of wild poliovirus type 3.

Serological investigations of three groups of children from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and from Czechoslovakia who had different immunization histories against poliomyelitis indicated that the immunity induced by oral poliovaccine (OPV) is effective against both the wild poliovirus Saukett strain and a new wild variant of poliovirus type 3 that was isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland in 1984. There is therefore no obvious risk that individuals in the GDR or Czechoslovakia, most of whom have been immunized with OPV, are threatened by new wild poliovirus variants. These findings are of importance, especially in connection with WHO's initiative for the global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prevalence of classical swine fever in Karnataka, India

The present study was conducted to know the current scenario of classical swine fever (CSF) in Bengaluru Urban, Bengaluru Rural, Chikkaballapur, Madikeri, Mandya, Bagalkot, Gadag, Yadgir, Koppal, and Bidar districts of Karnataka with the using of both antigen and antibody ELISA.We collected 218 sera and 121 blood samples from pigs from 10 different districts of Karnataka. Screening of sera for CSF IgG antibody and whole blood for CSF virus antigen were carried out using the CSF virus (CSFV) antibody and antigen ELISA kits, respectively.The mean seroprevalence was 41% (89/218) and prevalence of CSFV antigen in blood samples was 32% (39/121) for the 10 districts of Karnataka. Seroprevalence of 61%, 29%, 20%, and 21%; and antigen prevalence of 40%, 50%, 13%, and 12% were recorded for Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaum, and Gulbarga divisions of Karnataka, respectively.The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of CSF, both for the antigen (32%) and antibody (41%) in Karnataka. Southern Karnataka has the highest seroprevalence (61% in Bangalore and 29% in Mysore divisions), which confirms the endemicity of the disease in that region. This could be attributed to the intensive pig farming practices in the region as compared to Northern Karnataka (Seroprevalence of 20% in Belgaum and 21% in Gulbarga divisions), where the commercial pig farming is still in infantile stages.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pebbling on some braid graphs

Given a distribution of pebbles on the vertices of a connected graph, a pebbling move is defined as the removal of two pebbles from some vertex and the placement of one of those pebbles at an adjacent vertex. The pebbling number, f(G) of a connected graph G, is the smallest positive integer such that from every placement of f(G) pebbles, we can move a pebble to any specified vertex by a sequence of pebbling moves. In this paper, we find the pebbling number for some braid graphs.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences