jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Regarding the Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts

The investigations regarding the use of plant extracts for their antimicrobial activity is becoming more intense nowadays.The goal of this paper was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of several plant extracts in order to provide a better understanding of the essential role of the use of plant natural compounds as a primary source of antimicrobial products.Hydroalcoholic extracts of five medicinal plants were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Pythium sp.The plants considered for study were marigold (Tagetes patula), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), burdock (Arctium lappa) and liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra).The plant materials used for extractions were obtained from healthy dried plants collected from natural populations on non-polluted lands.The experiments demonstrated that plants possess strong antimicrobial activity and that plant based products can be effective in controlling microbial growth inhibition.Plant extracts may potentially control the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms thus representing an alternative in plant protection management and human and veterinary medicine also.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
User-web interactions

User-Web interactions have emerged as an important research in the field of information science. In this study, we examine extensively the Web searching performed by general users. Our goal is to investigate the effects of users’ cognitive styles on their Web search behavior in relation to two broad components: Information Searching and Information Processing Approaches. We use questionnaires, a measure of cognitive style, Web session logs and think-aloud as the data collection instruments. Our study findings show wholistic Web users tend to adopt a top-down approach to Web searching, where the users searched for a generic topic, and then reformulate their queries to search for specific information. They tend to prefer reading to process information. Analytic users tend to prefer a bottom-up approach to information searching and they process information by scanning search result pages.

Topic: Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Relationship between Investment Risk and Insurance Solvency Optimum

Solvency is a key issue in the insurance sector. Investments can have significant risks, and a compelling research question is whether the solvency optimizing investment risk corresponds to the lowest possible risk level. This question is even more topical with some interest rates approaching very low levels in many countries. The paper aims to answer this question. Theoretical results suggest that if insurance risk and investment risk are uncorrelated, solvency optimizing investment portfolios with non-risk-free components may exist, and the level of optimal investment risk may inversely depend on the insurance portfolio size.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Telomere Length as a Molecular Biomarker for Human Age Prediction: A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Study Among Sample of Egyptians

The fact that telomere shortening occurs with aging leads to the hypothesis that a correlation could be made between telomere length (TL) and suspect age.This study aimed to assess if TL can be used as an investigational tool to predict human age through developing a formula based on this correlation with accuracy suitable to be applied in forensic practice.A quantitative real-time PCR study was carried out on 80 Egyptians, ranging in age from 1-79 years.The results confirmed that the relative TL significantly shortened with aging; "r" = -0.903(p < 0.001).The human age could be determined by the following formula: (Y= 66.9-28X), (Y: age in years; X: relative TL), with a regression analysis between relative TL and age had an R 2 = 0.815.The standard error of age estimate was ±10.14 years.The present study concluded that estimation of human age based on the relative TL measured by quantitative real-time PCR may be a useful method for age prediction, especially when there is no morphologic information in the biological samples, but the estimated standard error of age prediction in this study was quite high (±10 years) to be used with certainty in forensic investigations.Inter-individual variations in TL and variability among the gender must be also considered when applying this method.So, this method could only give a rough estimation of age and it may be a complementary method for age estimation from soft tissues.

Topic: Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid urbanization and the growing demand for urban infrastructure in Africa

Africa is undergoing a rapid urban transition and is set to be the fastest urbanizing region in the coming decades. This shift has profound implications for achieving the continental and global targets for inclusive growth and transformation. Theory and global experience show that urbanization and structural transformation are closely linked—but less so in Africa. Urbanization in many African countries has not been driven by improving agricultural productivity. Indeed, most countries are urbanizing rapidly amid declining or stagnant industrial output and low agricultural productivity. The infrastructure development agenda has to make cities more productive and liveable yet with great reliance on the provision of sizable resources. However, matching the investment agenda to the goals of urbanization is a complex task, encompassing regional, national, urban, and rural dimensions which together determine the quality of the urbanization process. Institutional reforms should be undertaken to positively drive urbanization in Africa.

Topic: Urban and Rural Development Challenges
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Understanding the genetics of autoimmune thyroid disease--still an illusive goal!

Journal Article Understanding the genetics of autoimmune thyroid disease--still an illusive goal! Get access N R Farid N R Farid Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 March 1992, Pages 495A–495B, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.74.3.1740482 Published: 01 March 1992

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Next Global Economic &amp; Financial Crisis is Just Around the Corner

The core essence of the economic/financial crisis is the imbalance between desire and ability. There is a causal relationship among the contradiction between desire and ability, the imbalance between supply and demand, the formation and accumulation of material wealth and value wealth, and the economic/financial crisis. Since the imbalance between desire and ability is inherent, so is the contradiction between supply and demand. Apart from unconventional measures such as large-scale warfare, the most effective way to counter the economic downturn is to curb the ever-widening wealth gap to eliminate the contradiction between supply and demand. The outbreak of the economic& financial crisis is almost inevitable if the inherent contradiction between supply side and demand side cannot be effectively eliminated. Economics should not be divorced from common sense. Everything else that goes against this common sense is nonsense.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Soil Characteristics on Potato Tuber Minerals Composition of Selected Kenyan Varieties

The current study was set up to evaluate the effect of soil characteristics on selected potato tuber minerals composition.Eight sites located in Nyandarua County in Kenya were selected for this study.The study was carried out between April and September 2013.Soil samples were randomly collected from representative portion of the field in each site.All the samples from each site after packing were taken for laboratory analysis for minerals analysis using standard methods.Well sprouted diffused light stored (DLS) seeds and fresh potato seeds from four varieties (Kenya Mpya, Dutch Robjin, Tigoni and Cangi) were grown in four sites under standard conditions.After harvesting, ten mature tubers of each variety per site and seed potato storage were packed in net bags and taken for minerals evaluation.Data was analyzed using statistical system version 9.Soil minerals differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with sites.Generally, potato tuber minerals significantly (p ≤ 0.05) differed with sites, potato varieties and seed potato storage (fresh or eight-month DLS seed).There was a positive correlation between potato tuber minerals levels and the soil minerals content.Potato minerals were thus affected by potato variety, seed potato storage and soil characteristics in a production site.DLS seed storage should be adopted so as to produce improved nutritious potatoes for processing.Soil and potato tuber analyses should be extended to other potato growing areas and should be conducted regularly after every two years for potatoes nutritional improvement.

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Protein Carboxylmethylase and Germ Cell Adenylyl Cyclase at Specific Stages of the Spermatogenic Cycle of the Rat

The activities of two testicular enzymes, protein carboxylmethylase (PCM) and Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC), both of which have been shown to be primarily localized in haploid germ cells, were assessed at various stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the rat. The two enzymes displayed the lowest specific activity at stages VII and VIII of the cycle. A gradual increase in the activity of both enzymes was observed from stages XII to IV–V with maximal levels at stages II–III. During the study a highly positive correlation (r = 0.91, P<0.001) was seen between PCM and AC activities. These results show a close parallelism and a stage-dependent variation of PCM and AC activities during the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the rat.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is There an ‘Arts Bias’ in the<i>Creativity Research Journal</i>? Comment on Glāveanu (2014)

In a recent article, Glāveanu (2014, p. 11) discussed the “arts bias” in conceptions of creativity, pointing out that there has long been a tendency to equate creativity with aesthetic domains such...

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Superfluous People: A Reflection on Hannah Arendt and Evil

Chapter 1 Prologue Chapter 2 Abbreviations Chapter 3 Introduction Chapter 4 Totalitarianism Chapter 5 Kant's View on Radical Evil Chapter 6 Hannah Arendt's View on Radical Evil Chapter 7 Eichmann in Jerusalem: the Banality of Evil Chapter 8 The Life of the Mind Chapter 9 Reflection Chapter 10 Guilt and Responsibility Chapter 11 Summary and Conclusions Chapter 12 Epilogue Chapter 13 Bibliography Chapter 14 Index

Topic: Hannah Arendt's Political Philosophy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
P144Impact of an occluded culprit artery on the long-term prognosis of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. could they be true STEMI-equivalents?

Background: Recent studies have suggested that a subset of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who had occluded culprit arteries had worse outcomes compared to those with non-occluded culprit arteries. Therefore, they have been regarded as "STEMI-equivalents". We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and the long-term prognosis between these "STEMI-equivalents" and STEMI patients. Methods: A total 5025 patients with acute MI from 9 centers of 2 universities were retrospectively registered in COREA-AMI (COnvergent REgistry of catholic and chonnAm university for Acute MI) registry. Out of these, the patients who had a total occlusion (TIMI 0 or I) of "culprit" left anterior descending artery (LAD) on the baseline angiography were selected as study subjects. They were classified into two groups by initial eletrocardiographic findings: the "NSTEMI" group (n=253) and the "STEMI" group (n=800). The clinical, angiographic findings and the incidences of adverse events including in-hospital death (IHD), cardiac death (CD), recurrent nonfatal MI (RMI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were compared between two groups. The median follow-up duration was 47.3 months (IQR 32.7–66.2). Results: Patients in the STEMI group were younger and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The peak levels of CK-MB and cardiac troponin were significantly higher in the STEMI group. Meanwhile, the NSTEMI group had more complex angiographic lesions (B2/C), multi-vessel diseases, and smaller stent-diameter. The incidence of IHD was significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the NSTEMI group (4.1% vs 1.2%, p=0.027). In the multivariate logistic regression, age (adjusted HR 1.161, 95% CI [1.104-1.221], p=0.035), LVEF (0.938 [0.894-0.985], p=0.010), and peak level of troponin (1.102 [1.100-1.104], p=0.016) were revealed as the independent predictors for IHD. During the 48-month follow-up, however, CD (10.6% vs 9.1%), RMI (6.3% vs 7.9%), and TVR (4.5% vs 3.2%) occurred at similar rates in both groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, in the 12-month landmark analysis, the risk of all adverse events was not significantly different between both groups beyond 12 months (p>0.05). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI who had an occluded "culprit" LAD demonstrated the similar rates of adverse cardiovascular events during 48 months, compared to the patients with STEMI. These patients in the NSTEMI group may represent true "STEMI-equivalents". Thus, the precise early risk stratification followed by an early intervention should be considered for these high risk patients.

Topic: Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Foraminifera of the Pitcairn Islands

Foraminifera were recovered from 18 samples collected in the Pitcairn Islands, 12 from Henderson Island (including the best and most comprehensive collections) and three each from Oeno Atoll and Pitcairn Island itself. Although both algae and sediment samples were collected, the living Foraminifera came, almost exclusively, from phytal (attached or clinging) habitats. Foraminifera in the sediment samples are mainly thanatocoenoses. The fauna is an exclusively calcareous, relatively low diversity assemblage, dominated by large soritids [Marginopora, Amphisorus, Sorites) and Amphistegina, all of which are ubiquitous throughout the tropical Pacific. These larger Foraminifera are usually accompanied by small miliolids in particular, as well as by small attached Foraminifera (discorbids and the like). Typical reefal Foraminifera are generally under-represented. So far, no endemic species have been found. Of more significance, perhaps, is the apparent absence of Calcarina, small rotaliids, elphidiids and agglutinating species, so common in the western Pacific islands. One sample of fossil Foraminifera was analysed, from a shelly sand (c. 30 m above present sea-level) on Henderson Island. Though, for the most part, like the Recent assemblages, this was characterized by Archaias, a soritid which was not found in any of the modern collections made by the 1991– 92 Expedition. This could either be a sampling artifact or refer to a real environmental change since the Pleistocene.

Topic: Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ

Research Article| August 01 1942 Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ Otto Gombosi Otto Gombosi Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Bulletin of the American Musicological Society (1942) 6: 25–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/829208 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Otto Gombosi; Music in Ancient Crete and Mycenæ. Bulletin of the American Musicological Society 1 August 1942; 6 25–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/829208 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1942 Arthur Mendel Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Table 1 from Elevated CRAF as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Melanoma

Supplementary Table 1 from Elevated CRAF as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Melanoma

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Empirical Study of Factors That Influence the Extent of Deployment of Electronic Commerce for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Australia

The purpose of this paper is to present the perceptions and experiences of Electronic Commerce (EC) implementation in Australia. The study is investigated from the perspective of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and the framework of implementation is represented by the extent of deployment. Based on the sample of about 115 small businesses in Australia, this paper uses regression modelling to explore and establish the factors that are related to the extent of deployment in EC. A multiple regression analysis shows that seven factors: perceived relative advantage, trialability, observability, variety of information sources, communication amount, competitive pressure, and non-trading institutional influences, significantly influence the extent of EC deployment by SMEs in Australia. The results and interpretations have some implications for managers in determining the appropriateness of deploying EC strategies to achieve profitability and operational efficiency.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimizing cost and performance for multihoming

Multihoming is often used by large enterprises and stub ISPs to connect to the Internet. In this paper, we design a series of novel smart routing algorithms to optimize cost and performance for multihomed users. We evaluate our algorithms through both analysis and extensive simulations based on realistic charging models, traffic demands, performance data, and network topologies. Our results suggest that these algorithms are very effective in minimizing cost and at the same time improving performance. We further examine the equilibrium performance of smart routing in a global setting and show that a smart routing user can improve its performance without adversely affecting other users.

Topic: Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Systemic Transplantation of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells Prevents Articular Cartilage Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Accelerated Ageing

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases of advanced age and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Ageing is a major risk factor for the articular cartilage (AC) degeneration that leads to OA, and the age-related decline in regenerative capacity accelerates OA progression. Here we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of a unique population of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs), isolated from young wild-type mice, into Zmpste24 - / - mice (a model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a condition marked by accelerated ageing), prevents ageing-related homeostatic decline of AC. <bold>Results</bold>. MDSPC treatment inhibited expression of cartilage-degrading factors such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-proteinases, whereas pro-regenerative markers associated with cartilage mechanical support and tensile strength, cartilage resilience, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cartilage growth, were increased. Notably, MDSPC transplantation also increased the expression level of genes known for their key roles in immunomodulation, autophagy, stress resistance, pro-longevity, and telomere protection. Our findings also indicate that MDSPC transplantation increased proteoglycan content by regulating chondrocyte proliferation. <bold>Conclusions</bold>. Together, these findings demonstrate the ability of systemically transplanted young MDSPCs to preserve a healthy homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration at the molecular and tissue level in progeroid AC. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered multipotent adult stem cells to prevent age-associated AC degeneration.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 735547: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences