jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH027724.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Peer Review #1 of "Geographic population genetic structure and diversity of Sophora moorcroftiana based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) (v0.1)"

Sophora moorcroftiana is a perennial leguminous low shrub endemic to the Yarlung Zangbo River basin in Tibet with irreplaceable economic and ecological value.To determine the drivers of evolution in this species, 225 individuals belonging to 15 populations from different geographic locations were sampled and population genetics was studied using high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS).Based on genetic diversity analysis, phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis, and structure analysis, 15 natural populations could be clustered into five subgroups: subgroup I (Shigatse subgroup) was located in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River with a relatively high level of population genetic variation (means for PIC, Shanon and PI were 0.173, 0.326 and 0.0000305, respectively), and gene flow within the subgroup was also high (mean value for Nm was 4.67).Subgroup II (including Pop 7 and Pop 8, means for PIC, Shanon and PI were 0.182, 0.345 and 0.0000321, respectively), located in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River had relatively high levels of gene flow with the populations distributed in the upper and lower reaches, The Nm between subgroup II with subgroup I and III were 3.271 and 2.894, respectively Taking all genetic diversity indices into account, Pop 8 had relatively high genetic diversity.Subgroup III (the remaining mixed subgroup of Lhasa and Shannan) was located in the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River and the means for PIC, Shanon and PI were 0.172, 0.324 and 0.0000303, respectively.Subgroup IV (Nyingchi subgroup), located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, had further genetic distance with the other subgroups and the means for PIC, Shanon and PI were 0.147, 0.277 and 0.0000263, respectively.Subgroup V (Nyingchi Gongbu Jiangda subgroup), located in the upper reaches of the Niyang River,

Topic: Medicinal plant effects and applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of FDA Boxed Warning on Prescribing Patterns of Fluoroquinolones for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

Background: Little is known regarding the impact of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed warning on prescribing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics in the outpatient setting. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the 2016 FDA boxed warning update on FQ prescribing rates for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted at 6 family medicine practices, including women aged 18 to 65 years with an outpatient visit for uUTI from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. Results: A total of 436 patients met inclusion. FQs were prescribed in 38% of patients before the FDA boxed warning and in 30% of patients after (8% reduction). Non-FQ prescribing had a corresponding 8% increase, comprising 62% of uUTI prescribing before the FDA boxed warning and 70% after ( P = 0.08). The likelihood of being prescribed a FQ was not significantly different following release of the FDA boxed warning (adjusted odds ratio = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.41-1.10]). Variables significantly associated with an increase in FQ prescribing based on logistic regression were age ≥58 years and chronic kidney disease. Concordance of antibiotic prescribing with the Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for uUTI was low, and the incidence of treatment failure was low. Conclusion and Relevance: The 2016 FDA boxed warning was not significantly associated with decreased FQ prescribing for uUTI across a large academic family medicine practice. Methods to improve education and disseminate FDA warnings in practice are needed.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bilateral Maxillary Paramolars and Endodontic Therapy: A Rare Case Report

Supernumerary paramolars are a rare anomaly of the maxillofacial complex. They are more common in the maxilla than the mandible. This article reports a rare case of bilateral maxillary paramolars, their complications and management.

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Solitary Confinement, Prisoner Litigation, and the Possibility of a Prison Abolitionist Lawyering Ethic

Abstract This paper considers the role that litigation might play in ending the human rights crisis of solitary confinement in Canada while also examining the relationship of prisoner rights litigation to broader, anti-carceral social movements. The paper proceeds in four parts. The first section provides a brief overview of the widespread use of solitary confinement in Canada’s federal prisons and in provincial and territorial jails. Next, current litigation seeking an end to solitary confinement in the federal prisons system is located in the context of a long history of prisoner rights litigation in both the US and Canada. The third section considers the possibilities and challenges of pursuing prisoner rights litigation with broader critiques of the carceral state in mind. The paper ends with examples of anti-carceral lawyering efforts and identifies some elements of a prison abolitionist lawyering ethic.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Classification for Market Segmentation: An Improved Linear Model for Solving Problems of Arbitrary Origin

A current problem in marketing research involves the use of scale measures of consumer characteristics to develop homogeneous classifications of consumers. The quality of these classification efforts is influenced by the nature of the scales, which are frequently characterized by arbitrary origin and variance. This paper draws on recent developments in classification methodology to propose and illustrate an integrative classification methodology which overcomes some of the current problems of classification approaches.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic Isotope Effects and Transition State Structure for Human Phenylethanolamine <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine. Epinephrine has been associated with critical processes in humans including the control of respiration and blood pressure. Additionally, PNMT activity has been suggested to play a role in hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, labeled SAM substrates were used to measure primary methyl-<sup>14</sup>C and <sup>36</sup>S and secondary methyl-<sup>3</sup>H, 5'-<sup>3</sup>H, and 5'-<sup>14</sup>C intrinsic kinetic isotope effects for human PNMT. The transition state of human PNMT was modeled by matching kinetic isotope effects predicted via quantum chemical calculations to intrinsic values. The model provides information on the geometry and electrostatics of the human PNMT transition state structure and indicates that human PNMT catalyzes the formation of epinephrine through an early S<sub>N</sub>2 transition state in which methyl transfer is rate-limiting.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
MOESM2 of The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the PKA signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s disease mouse models

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Effect of PAP on the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated rat primary microglia. Figure S2. Morphological changes of microglia in response to MPTP. Figure S3. High magnification images of GDNF-positive cells in the substantia nigra of MPTP-injected mice

Topic: Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Understanding the relationships of critical factors to Facebook educational usage intention

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise a framework that integrates information quality, system quality, function quality, and social influence based on the information system (IS) success model, to explore the relationship among these factors, which might be the key determinants of Facebook educational usage intention. Design/methodology/approach – An internet survey was conducted to collect empirical data from 221 Facebook users on their experiences of using Facebook. This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to demonstrate the proposed model’s construct relations and multiple group analysis. Findings – The results of this study show that social influence and information quality are critical and direct determinants that affect users’ continuous intention to use Facebook in learning; social influence also indirectly affect Facebook usage intention through the mediating effect of information quality. Except the path between social influence and usage intention in age subgroups, the relationships among these determining factors in the proposed model are stable, and there were no significant differences among gender subgroups and age subgroups examined using the multiple group comparison test. Originality/value – The findings provide a better understanding of the IS success model that influences the Facebook educational usage intention for researchers and practitioners.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Oral Tradition 1/2 (1986): 272-301 Orality in Medieval Irish Narrative: An

Celtic scholars do not doubt that there was an active oral narrative tradition functioning in pre-Christian and medieval Christian Irish society. Until recently, tradition-bearers with amazingly large story-repertoires could be found among Gaelic-speaking peasants and fi shermen in Ireland and Scotland. These creative oral artists, often neglected and no longer listened to in their own time, bore vivid testimony to a long-lived and rich Gaelic tradition of stories and narrative techniques—a tradition that is often referred to in the extant corpus of medieval Irish literature, from its earliest stages (the sixth to ninth centuries A.D.) to the beginnings of the modern literary era (the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries). Although the documented contemporary sgéalí, “storyteller ” (scélaige in earlier Irish spelling), is an amateur—that is, he is not paid for his performance, nor does he live by his storytelling craft—the medieval narrator usually was a professional, and in fact was often a member of the exalted sodality of professional poets known as the fi lid (singular fi li, from a root meaning “to see”), who together with musicians and other possessors of special technical knowledge constituted the wider class of the áes dána, “people of art[s], ” or (áes cerda, “people of craft[s]. ” While the fi li’s main activity was the composition of verse celebrating his patrons and detailing the genealogy and lore of families and tribes, we are told in a medieval Irish tract on the training of fi lid that the oral transmission and performance of traditional prose tales—scéla, sing. scél, from a root meaning “to say ” (Greene 1954:26)—was an essential aspect of fi lidecht, “the poetic profession”:1 ORALITY IN MEDIEVAL IRISH NARRATIVE 273 In hí dā foglaim na hochtmaide bliadna.i. fi scomarca fi led.i. duili berla 7 clethchor choem

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Teaching English in multiethnic schools in the Durban area: The promotion of multilingualism or monolingualism?

We describe a study we carried out recently in two former white (NED) high schools, two former Indian (HOD) schools and two primary schools (one HOD and one NED) in the Durban area. We recognise that English dominance is a potential barrier to the multilingual/multicultural goals of South Africa's language-in-education policy. Accordingly our study seeks to establish to what extent these schools are attempting to promote the sort of multilingual/multicultural identity the National Education Policy Act calls for. We report on what in our classroom and interview data led us to ask a number of critical questions including: Why is there so little code-switching? Why is Zulu not effectively maintained? Why is there so much teacher-fronted teaching? Why is there so little evidence of multicultural socialisation? Why is there such concern for standards? Why is there so much teacher anxiety? We report briefly on the research which guided the interpretation of our data (helped us formulate tentative answers to our questions) and suggest what the implications of our study are for policy makers, school administrators and teachers.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Survey of Transportation Problems

This review paper considered the operational management on the transportation and distribution problem of various things. The main objective is to maximize profit along with minimum cost, time and distance. There is a limitless application of Transportation problem in practical life in the field of operational research. In this review paper we propose an effective improvement of algorithms in the solution procedure to get a prominent initial basic feasible solution for TPs. For obtaining the best solutions various algorithms are used such as NWCR, LCM, Vogel approximation Method, SS Method, Modified Distribution Method, BCM and MM method. The best optimal initial basic solution is obtained by these methods. Specially, TP deals with the advantages of both waterways and land transportation, waterways for transporting heavy goods or goods in bulk amount over long distances, land transportation for fetching and distributing over small to medium distances. To tackle the problem, a heuristic algorithm is chosen and tested experimentally. Final results show that the algorithm is very effective on a set of standard instances, quickly achieving most favorable solutions.

Topic: Optimization and Mathematical Programming
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #151396.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Adjusting the Lock and Adjusting the Key in Cyclodextrin Chemistry

Processes in which cyclodextrins (cycloamyloses) act as reagents or catalysts toward substrates bound in the cyclodextrin cavity can be improved markedly by careful attention to the geometry. As one approach, cyclodextrin was modified with groups that cap and partly fill the cavity. The resulting new geometry of binding leads to an increased reaction rate for m-t-butylphenyl acetate. As another approach, the shape of the substrate was modified, by examining derivatives of ferrocene and of cinnamic acid, so as to bring the geometry of bound substrate close to that for reaction; large rate increases resulted. When cyclodextrin is converted to a bis-imidazole derivative, the resulting catalyst cleaves catechol cyclic phosphates. The examination of several such substrates, and of cyclodextrin monoimidazole and cyclodextrin heptaimidazole as catalysts, help show that the mechanism is similar to that of the enzyme ribonuclease.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In vivo protein synthesis in developing hearts of normal and cardiac mutant axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Recessive mutant gene c in axolotls causes a failure of the hearts of affected embryos to function. The mutant hearts (c/c) lack organized sarcomeric myofibrils. The present study was undertaken to determine the overall pattern of in vivo protein synthesis and subsequent accumulation of the newly synthesized proteins for a 24-h period in normal (+/+ or +/c) and cardiac mutant (c/c) axolotl hearts at various stages of development. Additionally, selected cytoskeletal/myofibrillar proteins were analyzed in detail for their synthesis during heart development. For such analyses, the hearts were radiolabeled with 35S-methionine for 24 h and subjected to SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Quantitative densitometric analyses of the bands show that, even though the overall protein pattern is similar in normal and mutant heart tissues, a general reduction in the synthesis of the proteins in mutant hearts is observed even at the earlier stages of development (stages 35-36 and 37-38). Synthesis and accumulation of most of the proteins is significantly inhibited in mutant hearts at later stages (stages 41-42). Tropomyosin synthesis in mutant hearts is at a level of only 72.6% of that in normal embryonic hearts at stage 35. The synthesis and the accumulation of the tropomyosin in mutant hearts decreases further with increasing age until the protein essentially stops being synthesized by stage 41.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Location Privacy on DVB-RCS using a “Spatial-Timing” Approach

DVB-RCS synchronization scheme on the Return Channel requires the RCSTs to be programmed with their location coordinates with an accuracy of no more than a few kilometers. RCSTs use this location information in their ranging calculation to the servicing satellite. For certain users this location information disclosure to the network operator can be seen as a serious security event. Recent work of the authors overcame this requirement by cloaking the location of an RCST in such a way (based on "spatial/geometric" symmetries of the network) that the respective ranging calculations are not affected. In this work we argue that timing tolerances in the Return Channel synchronization scheme, accepted by the DVB-RCS standard, can be used in combination to the "spatial" method, further enhancing the location privacy of an RCST. Theoretical findings of the proposed "spatial-timing" approach were used to develop a practical method that can be used by workers in the field. Finally this practical method was successfully tested on a real DVB-RCS system.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Post COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A): Underappreciated in international health? A Case Series

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A) is a rare complication after COVID-19 that mainly occurs in young adults. Patients typically present with unremitting fever, rash, conjunctivitis, neurological signs, shock, gastrointestinal symptoms and thrombocytopenia. Reported cases are scarce. Here we describe three new cases.It is unclear to what extent MIS-A has a genetic basis, or whether MIS-A patients can be safely vaccinated after a case of MIS was reported after vaccination (termed MIS-V). We describe a monozygotic twin who was vaccinated without complications, suggesting no strict genetic basis for MIS-V. Furthermore, we report only the second case of MIS-A-related coronary aneurysm, which fully resolved upon regular treatment.With the majority of young adults living in low resources settings, we suggest more focus on clinical parameters to support a MIS-A diagnosis. We report the first two patients of North-African descent. Currently, MIS-A may be an underappreciated complication of COVID-19 due to the lack of reports in non-Caucasian populations.

Topic: Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transcriptional regulation, nucleotide sequence, and localization of the promoter of the catBC operon in Pseudomonas putida

The catB and catC genes encode cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme I (EC 5.5.1.1) and muconolactone isomerase (EC 5.3.3.4), respectively. These enzymes are required for the dissimilation of benzoate to beta-ketoadipate by Pseudomonas putida and are under coordinate transcriptional regulation. By deletion analysis and the use of pKT240 as a promoter probe vector, we located a single promoter region for the catBC operon upstream of catB. RNA-DNA hybridization studies, together with reverse transcriptase mapping, demonstrated that this promoter must be activated in the presence of an inducer molecule for effective transcription of the operon. In addition, the transcription initiation site was located 64 base pairs upstream of the catB initiation codon, and sequences upstream of -43 were required for promoter function. The catBC promoter was compared with other positively regulated procaryotic promoters to identify possible consensus sequences.

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Elastic Modulus Prediction of Asphalt Concrete

The distresses of asphalt pavement, which include fatigue, rutting, and low temperature cracking, are related to the elastic modulus of asphalt concrete (AC). In addition, the elastic modulus of AC is a design variable for asphalt pavement structural design when elastic-layer system theory is employed. However, in the most commonly used AC design methods (the Marshall, Hveem, and Superpave methods), the elastic modulus is not used as a control variable. Therefore, these design methods do not ensure that the desired elastic modulus of AC will be obtained. In this paper, AC is treated as a two-phase composite with aggregates dispersed in the asphalt matrix. Based on this treatment, a two-layer built-in micromechanical model of AC is developed by embedding an asphalt-coated circular aggregate into an equivalent AC medium. Using this model, an equation predicting the elastic modulus of AC is derived. The elastic modulus of AC predicted by the present model is compared with the Hashin and Shtrikman theoretical bounds and the Heukelom and Klomp equation. Using these comparisons, the proposed model is shown to be reasonable and applicable for predicting the elastic modulus of AC. Thus, the existing mix design approaches can be improved by using the modulus prediction model presented in this paper.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences