jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learning Design

In this learning design, the book of Ruth is read closely and critically in order to foster dialogue about political issues in the classroom. Using bell hooks’ model of engaged pedagogy, political issues such as feminism, immigration, gender, sex, and consent are carefully addressed through the pedagogical strategies described. Teachers may use all of the strategies in a full unit on Ruth, or they may choose one or two to implement in a single class. Cobb suggests the use of polling, creative expression through drawing, videos, small group discussions, and maps to incite thoughtful conversation about relevant political issues and the book of Ruth.

Topic: Jewish Identity and Society
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Toward Targeting Antiapoptotic MCL-1 for Cancer Therapy

Apoptosis is critical for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and the removal of infected or otherwise dangerous cells. It is controlled by three subgroups of the BCL-2 protein family—the BH3-only proteins that initiate cell death; the effectors of cell killing, BAX and BAK; and the antiapoptotic guardians, including MCL-1 and BCL-2. Defects in apoptosis can promote tumorigenesis and render malignant cells refractory to anticancer therapeutics. Activation of cell death by inhibiting antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members has emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy, with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax leading the way. Large-scale cancer genome analyses have revealed frequent amplification of the locus encoding antiapoptotic MCL-1 in human cancers, and functional studies have shown that MCL-1 is essential for the sustained survival and expansion of many types of tumor cells. Structural analysis and medicinal chemistry have led to the development of three distinct small-molecule inhibitors of MCL-1 that are currently undergoing clinical testing.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic Diagnostics for Hereditary Breast Cancer: Displacement of Uncertainty and Responsibility

It sounds quite straightforward: women who suspect a high occurrence of breast cancer in their family simply do a genetic test that predicts their chance of contracting it. As such, predictive DNA diagnostics seems comparable to doing a blood test in order to establish anaemia or a urine test to identify a bladder infection.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from &lt;i&gt;CUL3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;NRF2&lt;/i&gt; Mutations Confer an NRF2 Activation Phenotype in a Sporadic Form of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 727K, Dideoxynucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of NRF2, CUL3, and SIRT1 mutations in case samples&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Death by Unrequited Eros

This chapter investigates Wilde’s response to classical tragedy by looking at <italic>Salome</italic> and comparing it with Euripides’ <italic>Hippolytus</italic>. It examines how Wilde inverts tragedy by hijacking Aristotelian conventions with the theme of suicide owing to unrequited love. It pays attention to Narraboth, the young Syrian captain, who dramatically kills himself <italic>in situ</italic> as a result of his frustrated desire and suffering. Narraboth pays the ultimate price for the slightest of reasons, infatuation or love that is not even returned. Wilde undermines tragedy from within by favouring character psychology over plot, and elevating frivolity, whim, and trifling jest to what Aristotle calls <italic>spoudaion</italic> (‘worthy’). Narraboth in his suffering and Salome in her lust share striking similarities with Phaedra, who also commits suicide as a victim of <italic>eros</italic> in the <italic>Hippolytus</italic> of Euripides, Wilde’s favourite tragedian. The chapter argues that <italic>Salome</italic> carries a Euripidean legacy, and also that <italic>Hippolytus</italic> anticipates Wilde’s decadence.

Topic: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The effects of sildenafil citrate on intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background An increase in vascular resistance of uterine vessels is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that stabilizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and increases nitric oxide levels, improves placental perfusion by dilation of spiral arteries and is beneficial in managing IUGR. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of sildenafil citrate in improving perinatal outcomes in IUGR pregnancies. Methods Meta-analysis was performed on data extracted from all studies specific to sildenafil citrate in IUGR management, searching relevant articles on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Publications identified by the manual search, based on references in reviews, were also included. Dichotomous results were presented as risk ratio (95% confidence interval), while continuous results were expressed as mean difference (MD); samples represented by the random effects model. Results Nine trials were included where the sildenafil citrate effect was compared with a placebo or no intervention. A significant increase in birth weight [SMD (95% CI), 0.69 (0.31, 1.07)] was seen in IUGR pregnancies managed with sildenafil. However, gestational age (SMD (95% CI), 0.44 (-0.05, 0.94], fetal death rate [RR (95% CI), 0.56 (0.17, 1.79)] in IUGR pregnancies was not changed by sildenafil. Neonatal death [RR (95% CI), 0.93 (0.47, 1.86)] and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions [RR (95% CI), 0.76 (0.50, 1.17)] were not significantly different between sildenafil and control groups. Conclusion Sildenafil citrate increases birth weight and prolonged pregnancies but did not affect stillbirth rate, neonatal death, and NICU admission. Trial registration The study was registered in PROSPERO on September 18, 2021 (CRD42021271992).

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Letter by Belmadani and Matrougui Regarding Article, “Integrated Stress Response Couples Mitochondrial Protein Translation With Oxidative Stress Control”

Despite available therapies and interventional coronary reperfusion approaches, acute myocardial infarction (MI)-induced morbidity and mortality remains substantial.Therefore, there is a critical unmet need to delineate mechanisms, identify treatable targets to improve cardiac function and structure, and limit the progression of acute MI.Zhang et al 1 documented the effect of the integrated stress response (PERK [PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase]/eIF2α [α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2]) dictating protein translation in combination with mitochondrial reactive oxidative stress in acute MI induced by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).It is well established that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress PERK and eIF2α pathway induces C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induction. 2Previous studies reported the role of ER stress-induced CHOP in cardiac damage induced by I/R injury. 3The inhibition of ER stress-induced CHOP pharmacologically or genetically protects the heart from damage. 3,4The study by Zhang et al 1 reported that acute PERK activation protects against acute I/R injury, whereas chronic PERK activation damages the heart. 5 It would be interesting to determine the concept and delineate the mechanism by which acute PERK activation could favor the cardioprotective pathway through the mitochondria versus the detrimental pathway of chronic PERK activation through CHOP induction.Moreover, the overexpression of ER stress-induced ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) has been documented to protect the heart against I/R.These complex ER stress pathways in the context of cardiac damage are not clearly understood and future studies are needed to delineate their interaction within the cardiomyocytes in the setting of acute and chronic I/R injury.Another aspect to take into consideration is the fact that the majority of cells in the heart are nonmyocytes.

Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Toxicity of the Lichen Secondary Metabolite (+)-Usnic Acid in Domestic Sheep

Toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400–500 elk on the Red Rim-Daley Wildlife Habitat Management Area in Wyoming during the winter of 2004. A single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of X. chlorochroa in cattle and sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, domestic sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid. Clinical signs in symptomatic ewes included lethargy, anorexia, and signs indicative of abdominal discomfort. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were considerably elevated in symptomatic sheep. Similarly, only symptomatic ewes exhibited appreciable postmortem lesions consisting of severe degenerative appendicular skeletal myopathy. The median toxic dose (ED 50 ) of (+)-usnic acid in domestic sheep was estimated to be between 485 and 647 mg/kg/day for 7 days.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on Symbolic Execution Technology

Abstract With the rapid development of the blockchain, smart contract technology has been widely applied. The number of smart contracts has grown at a high rate and nearly at an average of thousands per day. However, the correctness and security of the smart contract itself are facing huge problems. The well-known DAO vulnerability, and Parity multi-signature wallet’ vulnerabilities have leaded to a hundreds of millions dollars loss, and they are both caused by the security problems of smart contracts. Once the smart contract vulnerability is exploited, it is very likely to bring the loss of cryptocurrencies, the disorder of the financial order and other catastrophic consequences. Therefore the security of smart contracts is imminent. This project has designed and implemented a vulnerability detection system of Ethereum smart contract. The system uses the assembly instruction sequences of the smart contract to generate the control flow graph, then performs symbolic execution and vulnerability constraint solving over the control flow. The system can detect some common types of vulnerabilities, such as the integer overflow and underflow vulnerability, reentry vulnerability and unchecked call return value vulnerability. It has a high accuracy of detection result, and gives support for export vulnerability report.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modulation of pulmonary allergic responses by mucosal cytokine–gene transfer**A summary of this review was presented at the Spring Meeting of the 8th Japanese Congress of Allergology.Originally published in the Journal of Immunology 1996; 157: 3216–19. Copyright 1996. The American Association of Immunologists. This article can not be reproduced in an electronic form.

Recent clinical and experimental animal studies have provided evidence for a pivotal role of T lymphocytes and Th2 cytokines in the development of allergic inflammatory responses and airway hyperreactivity. These studies suggest also that the Th2 cytokine-associated inflammatory responses are potential targets of developing novel and effective therapies. Using a novel gene-transfer approach, we investigated the role of a Th2-inhibitory cytokine, IFN-γ, in the regulation of antigen (Ag)-induced lung inflammatory response and airway hyperreactivity by transfer of the IFN-γ gene into mouse lung mucosal cells. Our results showed that mice receiving the IFN-γ gene demonstrate a lower degree of Ag- and Th2 cell-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and a reduced eosinophilia in the lung. These results provided evidence that the instillation of the IFN-γ gene into the lung is effective in modulating the allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity in an experimental animal model.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biosimilar drugs – automatic substitution regulations review. Polish ISPOR chapter’s Therapeutic Programs and Pharmaceutical Care (TPPC) task force report

Objectives: Review of the EU regulations concerning substitution of biological products with biosimilar products . Methods: The TPPC task force has checked the approach to automatic substitution by WHO, at the EMA level and in countries across European Union. An internet search was performed checking the regulations and direct contact to Regulatory Agencies in all European Union member states. Results: Based on the research we have obtained directly information from 23 EU Member States and Switzerland. Most of the EU countries do not allow for automatic substitution of the reference biological medicinal product by a biosimilar. Currently some EU countries already have local legal regulations towards automatic substitution of medicinal products in place. Conclusions: Due to medicinal product complexity in most of the European Union countries the automatic substitution of a reference biological product by a biosimilar product is not allowed. Local regulations are needed in each of the Member States according to EMA guidance.

Topic: Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Multiple Calcifying Epitheliomas of Malherbe’s of Axilla: A Case Report of Rare Variety

Pilomatrixoma, a rare benign tumour of sebaceous gland is commonly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe or Tricholemmal cyst. We came across even the rarest form of this benign tumour of skin. Our case report was interestingly detected at a higher age group, unusual site of the body, multiple in nature following postoperative incision drainage of abscess in left axilla.

Topic: Cancer and Skin Lesions
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tax services implications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002

Implications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 for the rendering of tax services by registered public accounting firms are discussed. Certain tax services performed for an audit client that might impair the independence of the audit firm are investigated. Disclosure requirements for tax service fees are presented. Also presented are potential conflict of interest situations for tax partners. In addition, international implications for tax and legal services are described.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dealing with a shelf life constraint in cyclic scheduling by adjusting both cycle time and production rate

The situation of a family of items sharing a piece of production equipment is considered. Known level demand rates are assumed. The items are scheduled in a cyclic fashion where the production cycles through all of them every T units of time. There are shelf life limits for each of the items. I deal specifically with the situation where the cost-minimizing T leads to the violation of one of the shelf life constraints. Removing the infeasibtlity by simultaneously adjusting T and the production rate of the item concerned is shown to be at least as good as adjusting just one of these parameters.

Topic: Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Forthcoming, Irish Banking Review, Winter 1998.

EMU means the loss of monetary independence, raising the importance of fiscal policy in macroeconomic management. In this paper, the conduct of optimal fiscal policy under EMU is considered. Tax/spending policies, public debt management, the creation of a fiscal and the politics of fiscal policy are discussed in turn. It is recommended that fiscal policy should be more strongly countercyclical, the public debt portfolio be redesigned to hedge macroeconomic risk and a fiscal reserve fund be considered. In addition, the budgetary process should be redesigned to better enable the finance minister to implement the optimal fiscal policy.

Topic: Fiscal Policies and Political Economy
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantum atomic dynamics in amorphous silicon; a path-integral Monte Carlo simulation

The quantum dynamics of atoms in amorphous silicon has been addressed by using path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. Structural results (radial distribution functions) found from these simulations agree well with experimental data. We study the quantum delocalization of the silicon atoms around their equilibrium positions. This delocalization is larger for coordination defects (fivefold-coordinated Si atoms). Correlations in the atomic displacements are analysed as a function of the interatomic distance and compared with those derived from classical Monte Carlo simulations. At high temperatures, the classical limit is recovered. Our results are also compared with those derived from similar quantum simulations for crystalline silicon. Structural disorder favours a larger vibrational amplitude for the atoms in amorphous silicon.

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Novel Preventive Approach for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Ansari, Amir M. MD; Miyashita, Tomoharu; Lay, Frank E.; Ahmed, Karim A; Ng, Christopher; Pang, Calver MBChB; Mukaisho, Ken-ichi; Montgomery, Elizabeth MD; Kelly, Ronan J. MBA, MBBCh, MD; Harmon, John W. MD, FACS Author Information

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevention of Nosocomial Infection through Application of Housekeeping

The hospital has a high risk of nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection can infect patients in hospital and can inhibit the patient's recovery, even worsen a patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the application of housekeeping with the total number of germs floor as prevention nosocomial infection in the treatment room Roses in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The study design was observational analytic. The study population was all Roses class treatment rooms. The samples were taken from the floor germs 4 point class treatment rooms in hospitals Rose Ulin. Sampling was conducted in the first week and the second week in November 2015. Paired t-test results showed no relationship between the applications of housekeeping with the total number of germs floor with a p-value 0.015.This study found there was decreasing the total number of germ on the floor in all rooms. It is hoped that the hospital to continue to pay attention to the condition of the hospital, especially in terms of hygiene in order to avoid transmission of germs or nosocomial infections due to bacteria originating from the floor.

Topic: Healthcare Facilities Design and Sustainability
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Expressions and significance of p53, p27 and mdm2 proteins in esophageal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the significance of p53,p27 and mdm2 protein expressions in esophageal carcinomas. METHODS: The p53, p27 and mdm2 protein expressions were determined by using EnVision immunohistochemisry staining method. RESULTS: The positive incidence of p53 expressions in 88 cases of esophageal carcinoma was 70.6%(60/85), and was 75%(39/52) in par-cancer tissue. The positive incidences of p27 and mdm2 protein expressions in the same cases of esophageal carcinoma were 72.9%(62/85) and 83.5%(71/85) respectively, significantly higher than those in par-cancer tissue, 34.6%(18/52) and 53.8%(28/52), respectively. With the lesions progressed from atypical hyperplasia esophageal epithelia to carcinoma in situ to advanced esophageal carcinoma, the positive immunostaining rates increased. The positive expression of p27 had a positive relation with the differentiation degree of carcinoma, r=0.234, P0.05. Howerer, the expression of mdm2 had a negative relation with it, r=-0.272, P0.05. There was no correlation between the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and one of the three proteins of p53, p27 and mdm2,P0.05. The expression of p53 had no correlation with p27 and mdm2,P0.05. CONCLUSION: The detection of p53,p27 and mdm2 protein expressions can help to understand the development and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.[

Topic: Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical study of dense particle flows under planar shear

In this thesis I conducted numerical simulations to study the flow behavior of dense particle flows composed of hard particles under planar shear using the discrete element method. The simulations were carried out in two dimensional systems, where the particles are modelled as circular discs. The discs are non-Brownian and neutrally buoyant. The granular flows can be either dry or immersed in a Newtonian fluid, where the fluid is treated in a mean field manner and represented by a velocity profile. The works that are included in this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first (Paper I+II) focus on the rheology of discontinuous shear thickening (DST) granular flows under steady planar shear (i.e.~with a constant shear-rate). The DST behavior is reproduced using the critical load model (CLM), where a threshold force is introduced for determining whether there is friction between the discs at contact. A contact is frictional if the normal force between the discs is larger than the threshold. It is found that a key parameter that controls the rheology of such flow is the fraction of frictional contacts, defined as the ratio of the number of frictional contacts to the total number of contacts. By performing simulations under controlled imposed pressure, we are able to investigate behaviors of suspensions close to shear jamming points as well as suspensions with intermediate fraction of frictional contacts. The constitutive laws are then presented, which are used to predict rheology of discontinuous shear thickening particle flows under various shear protocols. The types of particle flows range from viscous suspensions where the particles are strictly overdamped so that the particle inertia are negligible to dry granular flows where the particle inertia are dominant, as well as suspensions where both particle inertia and viscous drag is important. The second part (Paper III and IV) focuses on the behaviors of dense viscous suspensions under oscillatory planar shear. The simulations wereconducted both with constant packing fraction and constant imposed pressure. The oscillatory shear is either a pure oscillation or with an extra oscillatory shear parallel to a primary shear. It is found that by having an oscillatory shear parallel to the primary shear, the viscosity of the suspensions decreased. Furthermore, the shear jamming packing fractions for the suspensions composed of frictional particles are found to be increased under oscillation conditions, possibly due to the microstructure of the suspensions.

Topic: Granular flow and fluidized beds
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences