jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Gate-Stress Engineering in Negative Capacitance FETs Using Ferroelectric Hafnium Aluminum Oxides

In this paper, we reported a ferroelectric HfAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> negative capacitor transistor with gate-stress (GS) engineering. Compared to control device, the HfAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> transistor with GS engineering percentage of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> enhancement and 27% <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction under the assistance of the negative capacitance (NC) effect. The orthorhombic phase transition played a crucial role in realizing the NC effect. From the results of the material analysis, the theoretical Landau simulation and electrical measurement, we demonstrated that the GS is favorable for inducing orthorhombic phase crystallization of HfAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and stabilizing the NC effect, which shows the potential for the application of advanced technology node.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Moment-independence global sensitivity analysis for the system with fuzzy failure state and its Kriging method

For the system with the fuzzy failure state, the effects of the input random variables and the fuzzy failure state on the fuzzy probability of failure for the structural system are studied, and the moment-independence global sensitivity analysis (GSA) model is proposed to quantitatively measure these effects.According to the fuzzy random theory, the fuzzy failure state is transformed into an equivalent new random variable for the system, and the complementary function of the membership function of the fuzzy failure state is defined as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the new random variable.After introducing the new random variable, the equivalent performance function of the original problem is built.The difference between the unconditional fuzzy probability of failure and conditional fuzzy probability of failure is defined as the moment-independent GSA index.In order to solve the proposed GSA index efficiently, the Kriging-based algorithm is developed to estimate the defined moment-independence GSA index.Two engineering examples are employed to verify the feasibility and rationality of the presented GSA model, and the advantages of the developed Kriging method are also illustrated.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Suplemmentary Tables 1-6, Suppementary References from Germline Mutation in &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; and Ten-Year Survival for Women Diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S6, Supplementary References. Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of included studies; S2. Complete-case analysis of ten years estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all cause death in patients with ovarian cancer. S3. Complete-case analysis of ten years estimated subhazard ratios (SHR) for ovarian cancer death in patients with ovarian cancer. S4. Ten years estimated subhazard ratios (SHR) for ovarian cancer death in patients with ovarian cancer (with multiple imputation for missing grade and stage). S5. Complete-case analysis of ten years estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all cause death in patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer. S6. Ten years estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all cause death in patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (with multiple imputation for missing stage).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biphasic response to acetylcholine in human veins <i>in vivo</i>: the role of the endothelium

1. The dose-response to acetylcholine has been examined in dorsal hand veins of healthy volunteers before and after removal of the endothelium. 2. Measurements were made in single dorsal hand veins during local infusions of acetylcholine. The vein was irrigated with distilled water to remove the endothelium. Dilator studies were performed in vessels preconstricted by a continuous infusion of noradrenaline. 3. In the endothelium-intact vessel the dose-response to acetylcholine was biphasic; low doses produced venodilatation with higher doses causing venoconstriction. 4. Dilatation to low doses of acetylcholine was abolished by prior irrigation with distilled water, consistent with denudation of the endothelium by this process. Irrigation augmented the constriction seen in response to higher doses of acetylcholine. 5. This is the first demonstration of an endothelium-dependent biphasic dose-response to acetylcholine in man. The results raise questions as to the possible physiological actions of endogenous acetylcholine and as to the use of the acetylcholine dose-response curve as a marker of endothelial function.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Non-Native Bioelectrocatalytic C-C and C-N Bond Formation via Cobalamin Dependent Enzymes

Bioelectrocatalysis involves the use of biomaterials to catalyze redox reactions at an electrode. Biocatalysis offers improved selectivity and typically involves milder reaction conditions, while electrocatalysis can involve the use of renewable energy as an electron source. Cobalamin (B 12 ) dependent enzymes catalyze C-C and C-N bond forming reactions via radical mechanisms through the formation of a Co(III)-alkyl intermediate. Homolysis of the Co(III)-C bond leads to radical coupling with various substrates to form the product. However, these alkyl radicals can react through a variety of mechanistic pathways, leading to a mixture of products. Controlling the alkyl radical intermediate would lead to improved reaction selectivity. Here, we report on CarH*, an engineered variant of a B 12 dependent photoreceptor protein, which catalyzes styrene C-H alkylation by trapping an alkyl radical intermediate in its protein scaffold. The reversible Co-alkyl bond homolysis protects the radical, allowing for selective olefin addition. However, to initiate this reactivity, the cobalt center of CarH* must be reduced through stoichiometric addition of the reducing agent titanium (III) citrate. Thus, we are developing a mediated electrochemical system to achieve this transformation without the use of a stoichiometric reductant and to investigate new reactivity in CarH* and similar variants. A diffusive redox mediator was found to deliver electrons to CarH* and drive alkyl radical formation. This methodology offers a more sustainable and general approach to electrochemical non-native biocatalysis and can be applied to discover new reactivity in B 12 dependent enzymes.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SINE retroposons can be used in vivo as nucleation centers for de novo methylation.

SINEs (short interspersed elements) are an abundant class of transposable elements found in a wide variety of eukaryotes. Using the genomic sequencing technique, we observed that plant S1 SINE retroposons mainly integrate in hypomethylated DNA regions and are targeted by methylases. Methylation can then spread from the SINE into flanking genomic sequences, creating distal epigenetic modifications. This methylation spreading is vectorially directed upstream or downstream of the S1 element, suggesting that it could be facilitated when a potentially good methylatable sequence is single stranded during DNA replication, particularly when located on the lagging strand. Replication of a short methylated DNA region could thus lead to the de novo methylation of upstream or downstream adjacent sequences.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides insights into the floral scent of Rosa rugosa

Abstract Rose is an important aromatic plant and produces flowers that are used in medicine and food. We herein present a haplotype-resolved genome for Rosa rugosa cultivar Hanxiang. Analyses of allele-specific expression identified a potential mechanism underlying floral scent biosynthesis. Population genomic analyses involving 133 Rosa accessions elucidated evolutionary histories and a single R. rugosa domestication event. Pathways mediating the synthesis of scent-related metabolites were enriched according to the analyses of the transcriptomes, haplotype variations, and allelic imbalances during the flower development stages of Hanxiang and Guomeigui ( R. rugosa accessions with diverse fragrances). The enzyme-encoding ASE genes RrHX1G119800 and RrHX1G204700 (primary amine oxidases) and RrHX2G284700 (L-tryptophan decarboxylase) in the phenylethylamine pathway were tentatively designated as core genes useful for improving 2-phenylethanol production in rose flowers. Our results provide molecular insights into the formation of R. rugosa floral fragrances and genome-level data that are useful for enhancing rose traits via genetic engineering.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dual Mating Studies in Psychiatry—offspring of inpatients with examples from reactive (psychogenic) psychoses

AbstractStudies on the offspring of dual mating psychiatric inpatients present a special high-risk strategy, analogous to the diallele cross methods of plant and animal genetics for Mendelian traits, except that the parents in dual matings have complex phenotypes, and all combinations of disorders may be observed. Previous studies have mainly been on the effects of homotypic parent combinations of schizophrenia or manic-depressive disorders, showing a 2–5-fold increase in the risk for similar disorders in the offspring compared to the risk for offspring of one affected parent. A study on heterotypic parent combinations allowing an exploration of genetic relationships among various disorders has been made possible through the use of the nation-wide Danish Psychiatric Register. All psychiatric inpatients who had offspring with other psychiatric inpatients were identified, yielding a total of 139 couples with non-organic mental disorders. Their 378 offspring were followed well into the risk periods for the major mental disorders. As an example to illustrate the complexities involved in analysis of data from a dual mating study, results for parent combinations involving reactive psychoses are presented.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Radiative Properties of MoO3 and Al Nanopowders From Light-Scattering Measurements

The combustion behavior of nanometer-scale energetic materials is much different than micron size or larger materials. Burning rates up to 950 m∕s have been reported for a thermite composition of nanosized aluminum and molybdenum trioxide. The energy transport mechanisms in the reactive wave are still uncertain. The relative contribution of radiation has not yet been quantified. To do so analytically requires dependent scattering theory, which has not yet been fully developed. Radiative properties for nanoaluminum and nanomolybdenum-trioxide were obtained experimentally by comparing light scattering measurements on a one-dimensional slab of powder with multiple-scattering simulations using Monte Carlo and discrete ordinate methods. The equivalent isotropic-scattering extinction coefficient for close-packed molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanopowder was found to be 5900±450cm−1; the equivalent isotropic-scattering albedo was 0.97±0.035. Aluminum (Al), which proved to be more difficult to work with, had an albedo of 0.35 and 0.38 from two tests. The radiative conductivity based on the MoO3 results is two orders of magnitude less than the diffusive thermal conductivity, indicating that radiation is not a dominant heat transfer mode for the reactive wave propagation of nanothermites under optically thick conditions.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two Brexits on Twitter: English sporting identity and Euro 2016 as a metaphor for a divided Britain

England’s ‘shock’ exit from the Euro 2016 Football Championship and the UK electorate’s decision to (Br)exit from the EU occurred almost simultaneously, providing an interesting lens through which to examine unfolding tensions in the UK and its component identities – all the more so given the presence of two of the three other component countries of the UK, Wales and Northern Ireland, at the Championship. Our analysis of 34,324 original tweets featuring both the hashtag #Euro2016 and #Brexit shows a clear tendency to conflate British and English identities in the context of Brexit, a conflation coloured by largely negative characteristics. We pay particular attention to how recurring themes concerning leadership, accountability and immigration are articulated in the context of both sporting and political events. In addition, we examine the significance of the structural logic of social media on these discussions of the sport-nation nexus, with reference to vortextuality and mediatisation.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Growth Temperatures and Surface Roughness on Crystal Orientation of Ice Accreted in a Dry Regime

The dependence of crystal orientation on air and deposit temperatures in ice accreted in the dry growth regime has been re-examined by producing accretions over a wide range of these temperatures and critically examining the structural aspects of the deposits, such as surface roughness. It is shown that the variation in the preferred c-axis orientation with the air and deposit temperatures during growth is an intrinsic effect of she freezing mode of ice, rather than an effect of surface roughness. The Fϕ distributions of the angle ϕ between the accretion radius and the crystal c-axis, and those of its component angles F(η) and F(), have been obtained. It is shown that for cloud temperature Ta > −18°C, the F(ϕ) distributions have a main maximum at small angles. For −18°C ≥ Ta ≥ −23°C, the location of the maximum depends strongly on the deposit temperature Td reaching values near 45° for Td < −10°C. For Ta < −23°C the distributions show a large disorder at Td ≥ −5°C, but a maximum about 45° when Td is below this value. Sharp secondary peaks frequently appear at the side of or superposed to, the main maxima. The application of the χ2-test to the distributions shows that secondary maxima may not be used to establish a more precise definition of Ta and Td. They may on the other hand be a consequence of the shape of the lobes, which may determine the splitting of the main maxima. The application of the results to natural hailstone analysis is discussed.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of Oil-in-Water Adjuvanted β-Glucan on Innate Immune Memory in Piglets

The non-specific protective effects offered by the concept of “innate immune memory” might represent a promising strategy to tackle early-life threatening infections. Here we tested the potential of an in vitro selected β-glucan in inducing trained immunity using an in vivo porcine model. We assessed the leukocyte transcriptome using blood transcriptomic module (BTM), proinflammatory cytokines, and clinical scoring after a first “training” and a second “stimulation” phase. The possible induction of innate immune memory was tested during a “stimulation” by an LPS-adjuvanted Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (Hyogen®) one day after weaning. Following the “training”, no major group differences were found, with the exception of a plasma TNF that was only induced by Adj and Adj_BG treatment. After vaccination, all groups developed similar antibody responses. A significant induction of plasma TNF and IL-1β was found in groups that received Adj and Adj_BG. However, following vaccination, the expected early innate BTMs were only induced by the PBS group. In conclusion, the adjuvant alone, adjuvant-formulated β-glucan, or orally applied β-glucan were unable to enhance innate immune reactivity but rather appeared to promote innate immune tolerance. Such an immune status could have both positive and negative implications during this phase of the piglet’s life.

Topic: Immune responses and vaccinations
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 1 of Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study

Additional file 1: Table S1. The association between metabolic syndrome and risk of dementia after lagging for 2 years. Figure S1. Non-linear Association Between Metabolic Syndrome Components and Vascular Dementia Risk.

Topic: Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electronic Structures of Few Electrons in a Quantum Dot under Magnetic Fields

The many-body effect on the electronic structures of a few electrons confined in a quantum dot is calculated, under magnetic fields, by the exact diagonalization method. When the Coulomb interaction is comparable to the one-electron level spacings and the magnetic field is not too large, the peak positions of the Coulomb oscillation reflect a shell structure of the one-electron levels, which is in semi-quantitative agreement with experimental results [Tarucha et al. : Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3613]. Under strong magnetic fields, the correlation effect results in transitions of the ground state. These transitions can be observed as cusps of the magnetic-field dependence of the peak positions, in the presence of the Zeeman effect.

Topic: Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Different impacts of various tocolytic agents on increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage in preterm labor women undergoing Cesarean delivery

Abstract Tocolytic agents, commonly used for inhibiting preterm labor, pose the risk of uterine atony, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. This study elucidated the effects of different tocolytic agents on postoperative hemorrhage among women in preterm labor undergoing Cesarean delivery (CD). Data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. The risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) of postoperative hemorrhage in CD women with preterm labor diagnosis using tocolytic agents (Tocolysis group) comparing to CD women not using tocolytic agents (Control group) were determined. Impacts of different tocolytic agents in this regard were also investigated. Our data revealed that the incidence (11.7% vs 2.6%, P &lt; .001) and risk (aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12–1.31, P &lt; .001) of postoperative hemorrhage were significantly higher in the Tocolysis group (n = 15,317) than in the Control group (n = 244,096). Ritodrine was the most frequently used tocolytic agent (80.5%), followed by combination therapy (using more than one tocolytic agents) (8.5%), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 , 4.6%), calcium channel blockers (3.8%), betamimetics other than ritodrine (1.9%), prostaglandin synthase inhibitors (0.5%), and nitrates (0.1%). Barring those using calcium channel blockers and combination therapy, the use of MgSO 4 (aHR: 1.43, P = .001), betamimetics other than ritodrine (aHR: 1.71, P &lt; .001), prostaglandin synthase inhibitors (aHR: 2.67, P &lt; .001) and nitrates (aHR: 3.30, P = .001) was associated with higher risks of postoperative hemorrhage compared with ritodrine. In conclusion, CD women with preterm labor diagnosis using tocolytic agents exhibit an increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage and that this risk varies with the use of different tocolytic agents.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Energetic, Check of Derived Boron Nitride Nano- cage with (HMX) in Different Conditions of Temperature by Density Functional Theory Method

In this study the synthesis of the derivative of boron nitride nano- cages with energetic material (HMX) in different conditions of temperature, density functional theory methods were studied. For this purpose, the material on both sides were geometrically optimized reaction, then the calculation of the thermodynamic parameters was performed on all of them. The values ​​of ΔH, ΔG, ΔS the reaction at different temperatures for different products together, these parameters in the raw material is obtained. And finally, the best temperature for the synthesis of derivatives of explosives, according to the results of thermodynamic parameters were evaluated.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Turkish Loan-Words in Rural Dialects in Slavonia

The paper shows the proportion of Turkish loan-words in rural dialects in Slavonia. Works describing the Turkish-Orient cultural tradition on the territory of former Yugoslavia most frequently treated the Islamic population, whereas the area of Slavonia, being “atypical”, remained outside of the framework of interest. The goal of this paper was to isolate the vocabulary of Turkish origin that exists in rural dialects, and then to analyse the distribution and meanings of Turkish loan-words in every individual segment of rural life, to confirm the areas that were influenced by contact with Turkish civilisation, as well as the relative intensities of this contact on them. Loans mainly pertain to material culture, and therefore nouns are most frequent. In this regard, it is understood that adaptation of a new, foreign term or “label”, did not always imply adoption of the labelled “item”, although the process involved was certainly the result of intercultural contacts and influences. Analysis was based on the valuable case-study descriptions of the villages Otok (near Vinkovci) by Josip Lovretić and Varoš (near Slavonski Brod) by Luka Lukić, excellent sources for gaining an understanding of folk life and also, which is important for this, of rural dialects. The lists of Turkish loan-words given by Lovretić and Lukić only partially reveal the layer of Turkish loans that is alive in the rural speech of Slavonia. Even today it is possible to find a much larger number of them in rural dialects, although they are gradually being lost or suppressed, since rapid changes in the way of life have led to the disappearance of the items they pertained to. In future studies of this theme – more extensive, more basic and more systematic ones – ethnographical

Topic: Linguistics and Cultural Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences