jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physical and Microbiology Characterization of Chicken Sausage that Added by Oyster Mushroom

Oyster mushrooms are a healthy alternative food source for reducing the fat content of sausages due to their low fat content. Chicken sausage is a processed meat product that typically contains meat, binders, and fillers. This study aimed to investigate the physical and microbiological properties of chicken sausage with varying concentrations of oyster mushrooms, which are added to improve its quality. The study employed a completely randomized design with three treatments. If a treatment showed a difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was conducted. The treatments consisted of J0: 0% oyster mushroom, J1: 1% oyster mushroom, and J2: 2% oyster mushroom. Statistically, the use of different concentrations of oyster mushrooms did not result in a significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in the water binding capacity, breaking power, pH, and total plate count of chicken sausages. However, the addition of oyster mushroom concentrations can improve the physical and microbiological quality of the sausages. The addition of different concentrations of oyster mushroom to chicken meat sausage resulted in a water binding capacity of 39.28-46.12%, breaking strength of 0.4-0.5 kg/cm2, pH value of 6.46-6.56, and total plate count of 1.57-1.86 cfu/g. The treatment that yields the highest water binding capacity (45.06%), breaking power (0.04 kg/cm2), pH (6.56), and total plate count (1.57 cfu/g) is the addition of 1% oyster mushroom concentration. The concentration of oyster mushroom used in the preparation of chicken meat sausages should not exceed 1% of the total sausage mixture.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
What Could Influence Workers' Decisions to Disclose a Mental Illness at Work?

Background : Stigma can be a barrier for workers experiencing a mental illness to access accommodations at work. However, work accommodations may be necessary to maintain a worker's ability to work. Therefore, it may be important to develop effective interventions to address workplace stigma. Objective : To determine (1) what proportion of workers would probably disclose their mental health issue to their manager, (2) what are the motivating factors for the decision of whether or not to disclose, and (3) what would potentially change the disclosure decision? Methods : A link to a Web-based questionnaire was sent to a nationally representative sample of 1671 Dutch adults over 18 years of age. The response rate was 74%. We focused on the 892 respondents who indicated they were either employed for pay or looking for employment, not in management positions, and never experienced a mental health issue. This group comprised 73% of the total sample. They were asked if they would disclose their mental health issue to their manager. For what reasons would they disclose/not disclose the issue? And, what could change their decision? Results : We found that almost 75% of workers would disclose to their managers. The perceived relationship with their managers and feelings of responsibility to their workplaces were important contributors to the decision. A large minority of workers would not tell, preferring to deal with their issues alone. In addition, a significant proportion of workers would choose not to disclose fearing negative consequences. Conclusion : Our results indicate that the majority of these Dutch workers would disclose a mental health issue to their managers. The relationship with the manager plays a central role. The advice from a trusted individual and the experiences of colleagues are also significant factors in the disclosure decision.

Topic: Mental Health Treatment and Access
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Prognostic significance of preoperative abdominal fat thickness for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of abdominal fat thickness (AFT) as a predictor of outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). <bold>Methods</bold>: Between August 2016 and March 2023, we retrospectively gathered data on 148 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soocho-w University. We conducted a comparative analysis of laboratory results and radiological features between patients who developed postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and those who did not. To identify predictive factors, we employed both univariate and multivariate analytical methods.Furthermore,we conducted prognostic assessments for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), taking into account AFT and various patient-related factors. <bold>Result: </bold>POPF developed in 46 patients (31.1%). AFT&gt;74.2mm was associated with a risk of POPF, high body mass index (BMI), operation time and soft pancreatic texture. Patients with POPF were significantly more likely to have high BMI (&gt;23.2 kg/m2),Intra-abdominal infection, and high AFT than patients without POPF. In the multivariate analysis, high AFT (OR,13.678;95% CI,1.848-101.236;p=0.01) was the sole independent predictive factor for POPF. Compared with PDAC patients with low AFT values, high AFT patients showed significantly worse OS (HR,2.646; 95% CI, 1.516,4.618;p =0.001) and RFS (HR, 3.612; 95% CI, 1.949,6.693; p &lt;0.001). <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Patients who have experienced POPF have been shown to exhibit a high correlation with AFT. Among the various parameters examined, AFT has emerged as an independent predictive factor for clinically significant POPF. Additionally,our cohort study showed that AFT was associated with poor clinical outcomes in PDAC patients following surgical resection.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: Emerging Evidence of Multicentric Cutaneous Origin and Occasional Concurrence With Analogous Breast Tumors

Introduction: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a low-grade carcinoma with predilection for the eyelid. It is analogous to solid papillary carcinoma of the breast with both expressing neuroendocrine markers and the potential to progress to invasive mucinous carcinoma (IMC). Although over 80 cases of EMPSGC have been reported, few multicentric cases have been described in the literature. In this article, we report 9 cases of EMPSGC including 3 with multicentric disease. Methods: A computerized search was performed for EMPSGC and IMC of the eyelid from January 2000 to February 2021. Records were reviewed for age, sex, tumor location, and clinical impression. Results: Eight EMPSGC (7 associated with IMC) and 1 IMC of the eyelid were identified. Lesions were slightly more common in men (55%) than women. The mean age of presentation was 76 years (range, 59–98 years). Lesions ranged from 2.5 to 12 mm. Three cases had multicentric synchronous lesions on the skin. Histologically, these were well-circumscribed dermal tumors with solid or partially cystic nodules. Tested tumors expressed at least 1 neuroendocrine marker and were positive for CK7, ER/PR, 1 or more of GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA-3. One case had an associated IMC of the breast, and another case was associated with an intraductal papilloma of the breast in a man. There was no evidence of metastasis. Conclusion: EMPSGC is a low-grade adnexal neoplasm, commonly affecting the eyelid of the elderly. Lesions often progress to IMC, metastases being exceptionally rare. EMPSGC can be bilateral and multicentric. Concurrence with breast neoplasms has been observed and deserves investigation.

Topic: Cancer and Skin Lesions
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reactive Extrusion of Nanocomposites Based on Ethylene Copolymers and Mineral Fillers

The effect of the temperature mode of reactive extrusion on the main physicomechanical characteristics of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene with butylene and ethylene with hexene and natural minerals (clinoptilolite and vesuvian) is studied. The optimal temperature mode of extrusion of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene and natural minerals is established. At a maximum extrusion temperature of 230°C in the dosing zone, the counterflow increases, promoting a rise in the residence time of the nanocomposite melt and, accordingly, a decrease in extruder productivity. The possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of nanocomposites vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide on an extruder using a monotreme technology has been proved. It is found that the vulcanization of the copolymer composing nanocomposites based on ethylene copolymers results in an increase in the ultimate tensile stress up to 10% and a decrease in the elongation at break. A rise in the maximum extrusion temperature in the extruder head to 230°C does not lead to formation of counterflow. At the same time, it has been shown that, with an increase in the temperature mode of extrusion of the vulcanized nanocomposites over 200°C, the time spent by the melt in the material cylinder remains almost unchanged. A fundamental feature of the effect of chemical crosslinking with dicumyl peroxide on the processing and the regularity of changes in the properties of nanocomposites is established. The effect of the vulcanization in the melt of the polymer matrix on the reactive extrusion and the structural features and properties of nanocomposites are defined.

Topic: Material Properties and Applications
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
First Japanese Record of &lt;i&gt;Corythoichthys intestinalis&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) from the Ryukyu Islands

Between 1992 and 2016, 11 specimens (31.1–112.8 mm standard length) of Corythoichthys intestinalis (Ramsay, 1881), collected from Amami-oshima island and Ie-jima island, Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, were identified from the following combination of characters: superior trunk ridge discontinuous with superior tail ridge; lateral trunk ridge straight, ending near anal ring; inferior trunk ridge and tail ridges continuous; 15–16 trunk rings; 49–51 total rings; 26–30 dorsal-fin rays; posterior tail rings with prominent dark markings on dorsum; anal ring without a dark blotch ventrally; and dorsal fin without spots. The species was previously recorded from eastern Borneo to Samoa and Tonga but not from Japan. Hence, the present specimens represent the first Japanese and northernmost records of C. intestinalis. The new standard Japanese name, “Ryukyu-ishiyoji,” is proposed for the species.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 4 from Galectin-3 Contributes to Melanoma Growth and Metastasis via Regulation of NFAT1 and Autotaxin

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 227K, Immunohistochemistry of A375SM tumors after silencing galectin-3&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Galectins and Cancer Biology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reliability-Based Safety Evaluation of Headlight Sight Distance Applied to Road Sag Curve Standards

Sight distance is key to ensure safe road geometric design under all circumstances. Road design standards propose models simulating nighttime driving that contemplate the features of vehicle frontlighting systems to address the design of sag curves. These models are based on a deterministic approach, which is known to present a number of drawbacks. It neglects the stochastic nature of the variables involved and, therefore, no information is available about the safety margin of the design output. As opposed to design based on deterministic methods, probabilistic methods overcome these inconveniences providing a solid approach to broach the analysis of sag curves. This research study applied a probabilistic approach to evaluate the risk level (probability of noncompliance, Pnc) associated to sag curve designs, and assessed the effect of the variables involved in headlight sight distance (HSD) on the Pnc. The required stopping sight distance was considered not to be met when it exceeded the HSD. A total of 71,334 case studies were generated by combining the range of values of the variables involved in the HSD as per the Spanish geometric design standard. The risk level associated to each case was calculated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that variables modeling headlight features significantly affect the risk level. Moreover, the risk associated to design outputs that are considered equivalent by the standard varies significantly. Therefore, the use reliability theory in the development of standards and design guides is recommended.

Topic: Traffic and Road Safety
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Breast Cancer

Matriks metalloproteinaz (MMP)lar kalsiyum ve çinko bağımlı proteolitik enzim ailesidir. Bu ailenin bir üyesi olan MMP-2 ve MMP9 jelatini, tip IV, V, VII ve X kollajeni parçalayan tip IV kollajenazlardır. MMP-2 fibroblastlar, endotel hücreleri ve osteoblastlar; MMP-9 inflamatuar hücreler, tümör hücreleri, keratinositler ve epitel hücreleri tarafından sentezlenmektedir. Jelatinazlar, zimojen olarak salgılanırlar ve prodomainlerin bölünmesi ile aktif formlarına dönüşürler. MMP-2 ve MMP-9, meme kanseri hücrelerinde proliferasyon, migrasyon, invazyon ve metastaza yol açmaktadır. Hem MMP-2'nin hem de MMP9'un, meme kanseri tedavisine yönelik olarak polimorfizmlerini ve ekspresyonlarını/aktivitelerini araştıran çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri progresyonu ve metastazındaki önemli rolleri nedeni ile bu enzimlerin ortak fonksiyonel polimorfizmlerinin, hasta sağkalımını da içeren fenotipik özellikleriyle meme kanseri gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu bildirilmektedir. Di-2-Etilheksilfitalat, PAX6, hücresel prion proteini, natriüretik peptid reseptörü A, aktif lökosit hücre adezyon molekülü, EZH2, eGFR'nin ligand EGF ile etkileşimi, integrin ve integrin olmayan reseptörlerle etkileşim, TF-FVIIa/tripsin aracılı proteaz ile reseptör 2'nin aktivasyonu ile MMP-2 ve/veya MMP-9'un ekspresyonunun arttığı gösterilmektedir. Meme kanserinde invazyon ve metastaz üzerindeki etkileri nedeni ile potansiyel tedavi hedefi olarak MMP-2 ve MMP-9'u inhibe etmeye yönelik olarak Alisol A, Casticin, Orientin, Luteolin ve [15]pyN5 ve [16]pyN5 üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, meme kanserinde MMP-2 ve MMP-9'un rolü, polimorfizmleri, bu enzimlerin ekspresyonunu/aktivitesini artıran etkileşimleri, moleküller ile inhibisyonları incelenecek ve son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sunulacaktır.

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Comparative Study on the Perception of Design Major Students on the 4th Industrial Revolution Focusing on demographic and design major characteristics variables

본 연구의 목적은 4차 산업혁명에 대한 디자인 전공 대학생과 대학원생들의 인식을 조사하고 분석하는 하는 것이다. 연구의 방법은 선행 연구 고찰을 통해 4차 산업혁명의 인식을 인지도, 관심도, 기대도 영역으로 나누고 이와 관련된 주요 기술에 대한 인식과 인식 경로를 조사 및 분석 하였다. 연구 수행은 온라인 설문 조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 분석은 연구 문제에 따라 첫 번째로 기술 통계를 수행하여 4차 산업혁명에 대한 개념적 인식과 기술적 인식을 분석하였다. 두 번째로 4차 산업혁명에 대한 인식이 조사대상자들의 성별, 학위 과정, 연령과 같은 인적 특성과 전공 계열, 현업 경험, 교육 및 현업 연차와 같은 전공 특성에 따라 집단 간 차이가 있는지 확인하기 위하여 연구 가설을 설정하고 t-test와 ANOVA 분석을 통하여 통계 검증을 하였다. 분석 결과 디자인 전공 학생들은 4차 산업혁명의 인식은 보통보다 다소 높은 수준(3.78/5)이었다. 집단 간 분석에서 인지도는 성별, 전공 계열, 현업 경험 여부에서 유의미한 차이가, 관심도는 성별, 교육 과정, 연령, 전공 계열, 현업 경험, 교육 및 업무 연차 등 모든 집단에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명관련 교육 프로그램 구성의 기초 자료로 의의가 있다.

Topic: Education and Learning Interventions
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proposals of <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i> gen. nov. and comb. nov., <i>Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas yanoikuyae</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas adhaesiva</i> sp. nov., <i>Sphingomonas capsulata</i> comb, nov., and Two Genospecies of the Genus <i>Sphingomonas</i>

Abstract Based on the partial nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), presence of unique sphingoglycolipids in cellular lipid, and the major type of ubiquinone (Q10), we propose Sphingomonas gen. nov. with the type species Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Holmes et al, 1977) comb. nov. From the homology values of deoxyribonucleic acid‐deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and the phenotypic characteristics, three new species, Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Sphingomonas adhaesiva , and one new combination, Sphingomonas capsulata , are described. S. par apaucimobilis JCM 7510 (=GIFU 11387), S. yanoikuyae JCM 7371 (=GIFU 9882), and S. adhaesiva JCM 7370 (=GIFU 11458) are designated as the type strains of the three new species. Emended description of the type strain of S. capsulata is presented.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Myelin basic protein (MBP) in human gliomas: a study of twenty-five cases.

Twenty five gliomas (5 oligodendrogliomas, 8 oligoastrocytomas, 5 astrocytomas grades I-II, and 7 malignant astrocytomas-glioblastomas) were studied with the immunohistochemical technique avidin-biotin complex (ABC) for myelin basic protein (MBP). We found four patterns of positivity with variable degrees and frequencies in the different types of tumors. We believe this method can help in the diagnosis of non-characteristic gliomas, particularly oligoastrocytomas.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MACE: Model Agnostic Concept Extractor for Explaining Image Classification Networks

Deep convolutional networks have been quite successful at various image classification tasks. The current methods to explain the predictions of a pre-trained model rely on gradient information, often resulting in saliency maps that focus on the foreground object as a whole. However, humans typically reason by dissecting an image and pointing out the presence of smaller concepts. The final output is often an aggregation of the presence or absence of these smaller concepts. In this work, we propose MACE: a Model Agnostic Concept Extractor, which can explain the working of a convolutional network through smaller concepts. The MACE framework dissects the feature maps generated by a convolution network for an image to extract concept based prototypical explanations. Further, it estimates the relevance of the extracted concepts to the pre-trained model's predictions, a critical aspect required for explaining the individual class predictions, missing in existing approaches. We validate our framework using VGG16 and ResNet50 CNN architectures, and on datasets like Animals With Attributes 2 (AWA2) and Places365. Our experiments demonstrate that the concepts extracted by the MACE framework increase the human interpretability of the explanations, and are faithful to the underlying pre-trained black-box model.

Topic: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Class Politics of Alternative Food: Informing Public Health Policy and Remedying Health Inequality

Abstract The past decade has witnessed an interesting coupling between alternative ways to produce and consume food (farmers' markets, Consumer Supported Agriculture (CSA) shares, and urban gardens to name a few) and individual health‐seeking. While much of this activity rests on an ideological rhetoric of individual choice and “lifestyleism” strongly correlated with social class, there have also been a host of very different government and policy efforts aimed at improving poor food environments and the vulnerable populations that inhabit them in the name of public health. Efforts such as zoning against fast food franchises, placing stipulations on what benefit programs like Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) can be used for, and taxing foods deemed unhealthy are sparking public debate because they cut to the heart of many American socio‐political debates: the tension between individual liberties and government intervention. Based on existing scholarship of alternative food, health, and bodies, and the author's insights gleaned from ethnographic research, this article sheds light on the potential ineffectiveness of such public health efforts despite positive – and often times class‐conscious – intentions. Such an acknowledgement raises critical questions about who benefits and who misses out in alternative food projects. While this article situates these questions squarely in the American context, it also highlights the need for other situated studies that emphasize other countries' particular political, cultural, and economic contexts that shape contemporary food systems, and their accompanying moral politics.

Topic: Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CFU‐GM and T cell subsets in young red cell collections

Young red cells (YRBCs) prepared using cell separators contain large numbers of white cells. The absolute numbers and percentages of different lymphocyte subsets and progenitor cells in YRBC collections were assessed before and after filtration through two white cell filters. It was found that the filters do not take up or selectively allow through any one lymphocyte subset and that the absolute number of T cells and progenitor cells in YRBC collections after filtration is less than that in normal donor blood.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Biology of the craniopharyngioma].

In the recent years a considerable number of different studies devoted to craniopharyngioma morphology were performed. There are more than 35 factors known up to date that could be related to the craniopharyngioma growth (Ki-67, p53, beta-catenin, p63, Retinoid acid receptors, Galectin-3, MIF, MVD, CK et al.). Despite the such a variety of factors, none of them, except for the Ki-67, strongly correlates with the risk of tumour recurrence and none can be associated with a particular tumour type. Most studies, by the way, focused on a very small number of factors and were performed in relatively small groups of patients. Most publications are devoted to the Ki-67, beta-catenin and p53 studies, and the highest number of patients enrolled to the study was 67. This survey made an attempt to review the literature on the craniopharyngioma biology and to identify further areas of research to obtain data that could affect the choice of treatment and outcome in this complex disease.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unified treatment of Artin-type problems II

This work concerns Artin's Conjecture on primitive roots and related problems for number fields. Let $K$ be a number field and let $W_1$ to $W_n$ be finitely generated subgroups of $K^\times$ of positive rank. We consider the index map, which maps a prime $\mathfrak p$ of $K$ to the $n$-tuple of the indices of $(W_i \bmod \mathfrak p)$. Conditionally under GRH, any preimage under the index map admits a density, and the aim of this work is describing it. For example, we express the density as a limit in various ways. We study in particular the preimages of sets of $n$-tuples that are defined by prescribing valuations for their entries. Under some mild assumptions we can express the density as a multiple of a (suitably defined) Artin-type constant.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences