jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Planar imaging techniques in turbomachinery - Current status and future trends

While the development and application of planar velocimetry methods are finding an increased range of applications throughout the engineering field involving fluid mechanics, the successful application of these advanced methods remain a challenge in many of the real-world applications. The validation of numerical tools used in turbomachinery in particular requires highly spatially (ideally temporally) resolved data of oftentimes secondary flow phenomena in environments that are representative of real facilities (e.g. combination of high pressure, velocity and temperature with and without reaction). The successful implementation of modern imaging diagnostics in turbomachinery test facilities requires adequate handling of a wide variety of problems, ranging from optical access, choice of proper seeding material, image acqusition strategy, post-processing, etc. Even under seemingly ideal conditions measurements are not always successful and advanced image processing methods such as multigrid PIV algorithms with image-deformation is necessary to extract usable data. The presentation highlights several challenging applications of particle image velocimetry (PIV), Doppler global velocimetry (DGV) and OH-chemiluminescence in large combustor facilities, highly loaded compressors as well as an automotive application. Driven by the frequently high facility operational costs, the future will see the application of several imaging measurement techniques in parallel thus permitting even further insights in the underlying flow physics (e.g. simultaneous measurements of temperature, concentration and flow field).

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of a 3D free standing crystalline NiSe<sub>x</sub> matrix for electrochemical energy storage applications

Self-supported heterogeneous NiSe<italic>x</italic> nanocrystals grown by a facile one-step chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method show excellent electrochemical behaviour with a retention of 88% of initial capacitance even after 10 000 repeated cycles.

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
P015 Clinical characteristics of patients and treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic hand eczema in the UK: the RWEAL study

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe physician-recorded disease characteristics, aetiological subtypes and treatment patterns in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) in real-world clinical practice in the UK. RWEAL was a multinational, retrospective physician chart review study, with data for the UK reported here. Dermatologists and general practitioners with a special focus on dermatology were eligible if they had ≥ 3 years of clinical experience and routinely diagnosed and treated CHE (≥ 15 patients in the last 12 months). Physicians completed a case report form for up to 10 patients treated with topical corticosteroids (TCS) over the past 12 months or for whom TCS were contraindicated. Information about the clinical characteristics and treatment of CHE was extracted from medical charts. In total 55 physicians were included and completed forms for 365 patients. Half of patients were female and the worst severity of CHE in the previous 12 months was moderate in 58% and severe in 42% of patients. Clinical judgement was the most frequent method for determining CHE severity (79% of patients), with 24% assessed using a scoring system. Erythema (64% of patients), pruritus (62%) and scaling (51%) were the most frequently reported clinical signs at the last visit. Palms were the most frequently affected area (59% of patients), followed by backs of hands (48%), wrists (45%), fingertips (44%) and interdigital spaces (34%). The most frequently reported aetiological CHE subtypes were irritant contact dermatitis (41%) and atopic dermatitis (40%); mixed aetiologies were frequent and only 28% of patients had atopic dermatitis aetiology alone. Among 183 patients treated by dermatologists, 11% received alitretinoin, 10% phototherapy, 10% methotrexate, 8% ciclosporin and 7% dupilumab during the past 12-month period. Overall, TCS were considered to have an inadequate response (or were medically inadvisable) in 43% of patients. Among these patients, 41% continued on TCS without escalation to other treatments. In conclusion, patients with CHE presented with a combination of different signs and symptoms and aetiological subtypes. Treatment with TCS was considered to have an inadequate response or was contraindicated in &amp;gt; 40% of patients, many of whom continued to receive TCS without treatment escalation. This indicates a need for new treatment options that address the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of CHE. The absence of clear lines of treatment after TCS suggests a need for UK-specific guidelines for CHE.

Topic: Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The International Universities Walking Project: Development of a Framework for Workplace Intervention Using the Delphi Technique

Background: This paper aimed to use the Delphi technique to develop a consensus framework for a multinational, workplace walking intervention. Methods: Ideas were gathered and ranked from eight recognized and emerging experts in the fields of physical activity and health, from universities in Australia, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, and Spain. Members of the panel were asked to consider the key characteristics of a successful campus walking intervention. Consensus was reached by an inductive, content analytic approach, conducted through an anonymous, three-round, e-mail process. Results: The resulting framework consisted of three interlinking themes defined as "design, implementation, and evaluation." Top-ranked subitems in these themes included the need to generate research capacity (design), to respond to group needs through different walking approaches (implementation), and to undertake physical activity assessment (evaluation). Themes were set within an underpinning domain, referred to as the "institution" and sites are currently engaging with subitems in this domain, to provide sustainable interventions that reflect the practicalities of local contexts and needs. Conclusions: Findings provide a unique framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating walking projects in universities and highlight the value of adopting the Delphi technique for planning international, multisite health initiatives.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD FIR2 #86130.1

FIR laser interferometer measures the line averaged electron density and the electron density profile. Laser source: CH3OH laser (119um, 100mW) Michelson & Heterodyne interferometer (beat freq. 1 MHz). Time resolution: 10us.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Decentralized Context-aware Cross-domain Authorization Scheme for Pervasive Computing

Context-aware access control is one of the most frequently used methods for making authorization decisions in pervasive computing environments. To the best of our knowledge, most previous relevant researches resorted to centralized schemes to preserve all the contextual information. As a result, they neglected actual circumstances where the sources of contextual information are generally decentralized among multiple management domains with different security policies. For the sake of cross-domain access control, in this paper we present a distributed context-aware authorization mechanism for pervasive computing applications. With the help of logical language theory, we demonstrate how the proposed model can attain the goal of effective reliability assurance and privacy protection by way of constructing a decision tree dynamically, according to the current contextual information.

Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Simulation in taxonomy: the use of the camincules

The article describes a simulation exercise for the teaching of taxonomy. The exercise involves studying drawings of members of an imaginary phylum of animals, the ‘Camincules’. The use of this material can lead to an understanding of some of the basic strategies in taxonomy. The basic material can be developed for use with varying levels of student in both school and higher education.

Topic: Animal and Plant Science Education
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Same Nutritional Components on the Enzyme Activity of Some Fungal Isolate (Aspergillus niger) in Common Carp Diets (Syprinus carpio L.)

Abstract The current study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of using powdered ( Asperjillius niger ) in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) . 72 fish were used, with an average weight of 3.24 g/fish, distributed randomly into three treatments, with three replicates for each treatment (6/fish / tank). Three diets were made with identical content and different addition percentages. The percentage of 33%, 66%, and 100% were used for treatments, T1, T2, and T3, respectively in addition to the compatriot treatment, which was devoid of Asperjillius . n powder. The fish were fed for 30 days with 4% of the biomass. The results indicated that the protease enzymes (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) were distributed along digestive tract of the studied part (Anterior, middle, and Posterior) of the intestine. The results of statistical analysis also indicated that the value of the posterior part of the intestine differed significantly (P≤0.05) from those recorded in the Anterior and middle part of intestine. The three treatments showed the highest enzymatic activity (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) after 30 days of feeding the fish, which differed significantly with the Posterior part of the intestine for all treatments, while the highest enzymatic activity was recorded in the middle part of the intestine. This study showed that ( Aspergillius niger ) can be substituted for soybean meal up to 100% without there being a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of the (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) enzymes.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis on the hotspot characteristics of bird diversity distribution along the continental coastline of China

Global climate change and disturbances from human activities lead to habitat loss and changes in habitat quality, resulting in a reduction in biodiversity. The continental coastline of China distributes some cities with highly developed economies and coastal wetlands with rich biodiversity, and both economic development and biodiversity conservation are important topics. In order to clarify the spatial distribution of bird biodiversity in coastal areas, based on the MaxEnt model and GIS spatial analysis, the distribution data of 488 species of birds and 15 environmental variables were used to simulate the suitable distribution areas of birds, and to analyze the spatial distribution and hotspots of bird biodiversity in coastal areas. The main findings of this study are as follows. (1) A total of 488 species in 249 genera of 21 orders and 81 families of birds were involved in the modeling of coastal areas. The main environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of birds in general are: land use, monthly mean diurnal temperature range, and precipitation of the driest month. (2) High value areas of bird richness are distributed in different locations in the four sea areas: In the Bohai Rim region, they are mainly distributed in the Liaohe Estuary Wetland in Liaoning Province, the vicinity of the Yongdingxin River and Haihe River in Tianjin, the eastern part of Tianjin, and the Yellow River and Yellow River Delta Wetland in Shandong Province; In the coastal area of the Yellow Sea, they are primarily found in Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Laoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Shandong Province, and Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province; In the coastal areas of the East China Sea, they are mainly found at the mouth of the Yangtze River, at the national nature reserve of Dongtan birds on Chongming Island, along the southeastern coast of Zhejiang Province, near the Min River and along the coast of Quanzhou in Fujian Province; In the coastal areas of the South China Sea, they are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta wetlands of Guangdong Province, the southeastern coastal areas of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Shiwanda Mountain National Nature Reserve in Guangxi Province. (3) The spatial trends in the distribution of hotspots of birds of national priority protection in coastal areas are generally consistent, but more concentrated than the distribution of all birds. (4) After the high-value areas of bird richness were superimposed with protected areas, it was found that the intersecting area accounted for a small proportion of the protected area, and many areas near the inland had low bird richness. Finally, the findings provide references for bird biodiversity conservation and planning in coastal areas.

Topic: Species Distribution and Climate Change
Subfield: Ecological Modeling
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Study of LiNH<sub>2</sub>BH<sub>3</sub> Formation from (LiH)<sub>4</sub>+NH<sub>3</sub>BH<sub>3</sub> and Subsequent Dehydrogenation

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Hydrogen Storage and Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Biological Activities of <i>Rhododendron anthopogon</i> Leaf Essential Oil from Nepal

Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don., a small compact Himalayan shrub growing in Nepal, is a known medicinal plant used to treat sore throat, colds, blood disorders, bone disease, potato allergies, and vomiting, and to relieve liver disorders, headaches and back pain. The present study investigated the chemical composition and bioactivities of the leaf essential oil from R. anthopogon from Dhankuta, Nepal. The essential oil from leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and a detailed chemical analysis was conducted by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The enantiomeric distribution of monoterpenoid components was determined using chiral gas chromatography and represents the first chiral examination of R. anthopogon essential oil. The essential oil was screened for antimicrobial activity using the microbroth dilution test, and for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 5637 using the MTT assay. A total of 70 volatile components were identified from the essential oil. The major components were α-pinene (21.5%), δ-cadinene (13.8%), β-pinene (9.5%), limonene (5.9%), δ-amorphene (4.6%), α-muurolene (4.5%), and ( E)-caryophyllene (3.2%) with other minor constituents (&lt; 3%). The essential oil showed marginal antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, but no antifungal effects.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Measurements of blood flow in retinal vessels by means of laser speckle phenomena (I)

A method is studied for measuring the blooflow in retinal vessels using laser speckle phenomena. The intensity fluctuation of speckles scattered from red blood cells in a retinal vessel is detected in the magnified image plane, and analyzed by the photon correlator which gives us the relative velocity of the blood flow. The experiments were performed to evaluate the bloodflow velocity in a glass capillary and in the retinal vessels of a rabbit and human volunteers. The results show that the bloodflow in retinal vessels can be measured by using laser speckles.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an essential role in regulating the access of glucocorticoids to nuclear receptors. Chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids cause obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (the metabolic syndrome) and impairments in memory. Dysregulation of 11β-HSD1 has been implicated in all of these disease states. Studies with transgenic mice have demonstrated that overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue produces the metabolic syndrome, while knockout of the enzyme produces mice with a cardioprotective phenotype that resist cognitive decline with ageing. Studies with selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have demonstrated that it is possible to lower plasma glucose and triglyceride levels as well as food intake and the rate of body weight gain. Consequently, 11β-HSD1 is an important target for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment, with many companies pursuing the development of inhibitors. This patent review focuses on the large number of patents published since 2005.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Research on the Mechanism of Novel Mist Etching Method for Oxide Thin Films

A novel etching process with etchant mist was developed and applied to oxide thin films such as zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO), and indium tin oxide (ITO). By using this process, it was shown that precise control of the etching characteristics is possible with a reasonable etching rate, for example, in the range of 10–100 nm/min, and a fine pattern of high accuracy can also be realized, even though this is usually very difficult by conventional wet etching processes, for ZnO and ZnMgO. The mist etching process was found to be similarly and successfully applied to ITO. The mechanism of mist etching has been studied by examining the etching temperature dependence of pattern accuracy, and it was shown that the mechanism was different from that of conventional liquid-phase spray etching. It was ascertained that fine pattern etching was attained using mist droplets completely (or partly) gasified by the heat applied to the substrate. This technique was applied to the fabrication of a ZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) with a ZnO active channel length of 4 µm. The electrical properties of the TFT were found to be excellent with fine uniformity over the entire 4-in. wafer.

Topic: Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improved Results on Fixed-/Preassigned-Time Synchronization for Memristive Complex-Valued Neural Networks

This article concerns the problems of synchronization in a fixed time or prespecified time for memristive complex-valued neural networks (MCVNNs), in which the state variables, activation functions, rates of neuron self-inhibition, neural connection memristive weights, and external inputs are all assumed to be complex-valued. First, the more comprehensive fixed-time stability theorem and more accurate estimations on settling time (ST) are systematically established by using the comparison principle. Second, by introducing different norms of complex numbers instead of decomposing the complex-valued system into real and imaginary parts, we successfully design several simpler discontinuous controllers to acquire much improved fixed-time synchronization (FXTS) results. Third, based on similar mathematical derivations, the preassigned-time synchronization (PATS) conditions are explored by newly developed new control strategies, in which ST can be prespecified and is independent of initial values and any parameters of neural networks and controllers. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the improved synchronization methodology.

Topic: Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Artificial Neural Network Based Design of Triple-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

With the development of communication system, multi-band antenna becomes more and more significant. In this paper, a triple-band microstrip patch antenna using artificial neural network techniques to optimize working bandwidth is proposed. The antenna is mainly composed of two metal patches and FR4 substrate. Three operating bands with the center frequency of 1.52 GHz (1.47 1.57 GHz), 2.46 GHz (2.43 2.48 GHz) and 2.79 GHz (2.78 2.81 GHz). Artificial neural network (ANN) model is trained and tested to optimize the bandwidth of the antenna, the simulation software HFSS is used to obtain 162 data sets of proposed antenna with four parameters related to patch dimension and substrate materials. According to the final test results, the average percentage error was within the acceptable range. The antenna also performs well in terms of gain. The antenna can be effectively used for WLAN applications.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination in preterm infants.

BCG vaccination in preterm infants at months 2-3 of postnatal life results in a high percentage of BCG scarring and 57% TST conversion. A positive tuberculin response was significantly related to the postnatal weight gain of the preterm infants.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of robust interconnected power system stabilizers for turbine generators in sugar factories

Introduction.This research aims to develop the method of synthesis of interconnected robust power system stabilizer (IRPSS) for power supply systems of sugar factories with own turbine generators.Materials and methods.The mathematical tools of H ∞ synthesis with pole placement and the linear matrix inequalities (LMI) are used for developing the method of IRPSS synthesis.MATLAB Simulink is used to verify synthesized regulator by computer simulation.Results and discussion.A model of power supply system with own generator, automatic exciter regulator, turbine and speed governor is constructed.The controlled object nonlinear differential equations model is linearized and simplified by reducing of its order using Schur's method.The model is extended with chosen weighting functions preparing for H ∞ synthesis procedure.The LMI region is chosen in the form of a conic sector for satisfying condition of lower oscillability of transient process, which is the main goal of such a regulator to optimize turbine generator operation process.The IRPSS for extended model was synthesized, using H ∞ synthesis procedure with poles placement.The regulator is presented in the form of matrix continuous transfer function.The transition process of 3-phase short-circuit fault behind the transformer and subsequent automatic re-closing is simulated with full-order nonlinear model with IRPSS and compared with standard system stabilizer and the system without stabilizer.The graphs of modelled transients demonstrate effectiveness of IRPSS. Conclusion.The developed method can be used for operation process optimization of turbine generators in sugar factories.The synthesized IRPSS was found to have satisfying robust stability and performance qualities for given structure of power system.

Topic: Electric Power Systems and Control
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences