jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The times they are a‐changin’: the Cachexia Conference goes annual

The field of cachexia and muscle wasting research has started to move, slowly but steadily, and large and small companies alike are increasing their efforts into the development of new drug therapies for cachexia, sarcopenia and frailty. Recent research has focused on novel screening tools1 and biomarker research to enable an early diagnosis of wasting,2, 3 but also on the pathophysiological understanding of the wasting process4, 5 nutrition,6, 7 exercise, particularly in cachectic cancer patients,8-10 and novel therapeutic approaches.11-13 Even though the pathophysiological understanding is making rapid progress – if not by the minute or day, then by the week for sure – recent phase III trials have failed unfortunately to translate gain in muscle mass into gain in muscle function, i.e. more exercise capacity or strength or better stair climbing power. ‘Come senators, congressmen Please heed the call Don't stand in the doorway Don't block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled There's a battle outside And it is ragin'. It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a-changin'. We would like to make the conference a very hands-on meeting with (likely) no parallel sessions and a programme made by the audience. We hereby call for your session proposals to be send to Mrs Monika Diek at the SCWD office (conference2016@cachexia.info). Please do so by 15th April, 2016. As we start to go annual, we will still hold a big Cachexia Conference for 3 full days (as done in Paris) every 2 years, and every other 2 years the meeting is a 2-day affair. As the field gains momentum, we may change this in the future, but fort he time being this seems tob e prudent. So please, safe the date and come to Berlin on 10/11 December, 2016. And send us your session proposals. The authors of this manuscript certify that they comply with the principles of ethical publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia, and Muscle 2015.14 None declared.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sums of two squares in short intervals

We show that there are short intervals $[x,x+y]$ containing $\gg y^{1/10}$ numbers expressible as the sum of two squares, which is many more than the average when $y=o( (\log{x})^{5/9})$. We obtain similar results for sums of two squares in short arithmetic progressions.

Topic: Analytic Number Theory Research
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enigmatic Pachytene PIWI-Interacting RNAs

Abstract PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of small RNAs, are renowned for their roles in sequencing-dependent targeting and suppressing transposable elements (TEs). Nevertheless, a majority of mammalian piRNAs, expressing at pachytene stage of meiosis, known as pachytene piRNAs, are devoid of discernible targets, casting a veil of enigma over their functional significance. Overturning the notion that this unusual class of piRNAs functions beyond TE silencing, we recently demonstrated that pachytene piRNAs play an essential and conserved role in silencing young and actively transposing TEs across amniotes. However, only 1% of pachytene piRNAs target active TEs. The biological significance of the abundant non-TE piRNAs, coproduced from the same precursors as TE piRNAs, remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the potential roles of non-TE piRNAs, and thus propose that these non-TE piRNAs either bolster the action of TE piRNAs or provide the host genome a preexisting mechanism to suppress the potential invasion of novel TEs in the future.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of 2-Trifluoromethyl Quinoline by the Reaction of Fluorinated Imine with Alkyne Catalyzed by Indium(III) Triflate

Preparation of 2-trifluoromethyl-4-aryl quinolines from a variety of readily available alkynes and N-aryl trifluoroethylimine has been achieved via indium(III) triflate catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Critical factors of transparency and trust for evaluating e-government services for the poor

In today's globalization, the advancements of Information technology (IT) have been greatly improved. It is shown by many people utilize IT to obtain information through the availability of an adequate information systems. This leads local governments develop electronic government (e-government) to tend in providing information to entire levels of society in Indonesia. Several researches have emphasized the development of e-government models only focus on typology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of e-government based on transparency and trust in provide better and delivery of information to the poor people. In addition, this study develop the concept of a transparent and trust e-government model in Palembang. The quantitative research is used for collecting data in four sub-districts in Palembang, which have the greatest ratio in pre-prosperous society. The result of this research is a transparent and trust e-government concept that could be utilized by the government of Palembang to reach a public service especially for the poor people.

Topic: E-Government and Public Services
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 178483: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cask crush pad analysis using detailed and simplified analysis methods

A crush pad has been designed and analyzed to absorb the kinetic energy of a hypothetically dropped spent nuclear fuel shipping cask into a 44-ft. deep cask unloading pool at the Fluorinel and Storage Facility (FAST). This facility, located at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) at the Idaho national Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), is a US Department of Energy site. The basis for this study is an analysis by Uldrich and Hawkes. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate various hypothetical cask drop orientations to ensure that the crush pad design was adequate and the cask deceleration at impact was less than 100 g. It is demonstrated herein that a large spent fuel shipping cask, when dropped onto a foam crush pad, can be analyzed by either hand methods or by sophisticated dynamic finite element analysis using computer codes such as ABAQUS. Results from the two methods are compared to evaluate accuracy of the simplified hand analysis approach.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An 86-year-old female with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Fig. 1—

To the Editors: 

In the paper by Johnson 1 on lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), he describes the typical patient being female and of child-bearing age. Although patients outside this age range have been described, the oldest recorded in the recently reported National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute registry was aged 76 yrs, the mean age of onset being 38.9 yrs 2.

We wish to report a …

Topic: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE, OUABAIN, AND SOME IONIC CONDITIONS ON TWITCH CONTRACTION OF BULLFROG VENTRICLE

1) The effects of adrenaline, ouabain, low-K Ringer, and low-Na Ringer on the time course of twitch contraction were studied in the ventricular preparations of bullfrog, with special reference to their effects on relaxation.2) Adrenaline (10-7-10-6 g/ml) had the effect of enhancing the relaxation of twitch, in addition to its potentiating effect.3) Ouabain (10-7-10-6 M) only potentiated the twitch without an appreciable effect on the relaxation phase.4) Low-K Ringer (0.16 mm-K), as well as low-Na Ringer (50 %-Na), reduced the rate of relaxation of twitch.5) Low-Na Ringer had an additional effect to shorten the time to maximum rate of rise of tension.6) These effects were evaluated quantitatively by an analysis in which the increase in the rate of fall of tension was compared with the increase in peak tension or with the increase in the rate of rise of tension.7) Possible subcellular mechanisms to explain the results were discussed.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 6 from GPR56 Inhibits Melanoma Growth by Internalizing and Degrading Its Ligand TG2

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 404K, This figure shows that TG2 internalization is similarly regulated by GPR56 in WM115 cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
681. Increasing Insulin Activity During AAV (Adeno-Associated Virus) Administration to Muscle Improves Gene Transfer in Mice

25+ years of AAV (adeno-associated virus) gene therapy research has resulted in optimized: 1- delivery routes, 2- vectors, 3- genomes and 4- immunosuppression. These studies have yielded the first westernized AAV gene therapy drug to treat LPLD (lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency) and the promise of future AAV gene therapy drugs to treat hemophilia B and other genetic disorders. Interestingly, we have little understanding of how hormones regulate these AAV drug/future drug candidates. Our studies show that hormone management has a place in improving AAV gene therapy. Since liver and skeletal muscle are strong responders to insulin and these tissues are common targets for these AAV treatments, our studies focused on how insulin regulates AAV gene therapy. We tested insulin supplementation in: HepG2 (liver), differentiated myocytes, HEK293 (kidney) and A549 (lung epithelial). HepG2 and myocytes showed elevated INSR (insulin receptor) mRNA levels (6 to 9-fold respectively) compared to HEK293 and A549 cells. The elevated INSR levels paralleled a significant 2.5 and 3 fold increase in AAV2-CMV-LacZ (M.O.I of 5e3)gene transfer to HepG2 and myocytes respectively when media was supplemented with insulin. Insulin enhanced gene transfer was not seen in HEK293 and A549 cells. Additionally, using HI glucose (4.5 g/L) and LOW glucose (1.0 g/L) medias, we showed that these results were not influenced by glucose availability. When comparing INSR levels in C57BL/6 mouse tissue, liver and skeletal muscle showed a 10-Fold and 22-Fold increase respectively compared to lung tissue. In these mice, intra-muscular (I. M.) gene delivery using AAV1-CMV-schFIX (dose: 3.0e10 v.g.) was significantly improved 4 to 5 fold (figure 1) using insulin augmentation protocols: either a subcutaneous insulin pellet which released 4 U/kg per day or a high carbohydrate (70%) diet. The insulin augmentation protocols began 1.0 hr prior to AAV administration and continued for 4 weeks after. AAV delivery occurred during the window of a significant drop (3 fold) in blood glucose indicating an increase in insulin activity. The glucose levels had returned to normal 7 days later even though the insulin augmentation protocols continued for 4 weeks likely due to antagonistic feedback responses to long-term hyperinsulinemic conditions (i.e. cortisol release). The insulin augmentation protocols only demonstrated an increase in insulin activity at the onset of vector delivery but not after, yet elevated hFIX levels were sustained throughout the study, even after the insulin augmentation protocols ended. This indicates that insulin activity does not impact sustained transgene expression and may only regulate AAV uptake, intracellular trafficking or both. Data from liver directed studies using AAV8-CMV-schFIX are pending.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Inflated granularity: Spatial “Big Data” and geodemographics

Data analytics, particularly the current rhetoric around “Big Data”, tend to be presented as new and innovative, emerging ahistorically to revolutionize modern life. In this article, we situate one branch of Big Data analytics, spatial Big Data, through a historical predecessor, geodemographic analysis, to help develop a critical approach to current data analytics. Spatial Big Data promises an epistemic break in marketing, a leap from targeting geodemographic areas to targeting individuals. Yet it inherits characteristics and problems from geodemographics, including a justification through the market, and a process of commodification through the black-boxing of technology. As researchers develop sustained critiques of data analytics and its effects on everyday life, we must so with a grounding in the cultural and historical contexts from which data technologies emerged. This article and others (Barnes and Wilson, 2014) develop a historically situated, critical approach to spatial Big Data. This history illustrates connections to the critical issues of surveillance, redlining, and the production of consumer subjects and geographies. The shared histories and structural logics of spatial Big Data and geodemographics create the space for a continued critique of data analyses’ role in society.

Topic: Geographic Information Systems Studies
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phytoremediation of Aluminum and Iron from Industrial Wastewater Using Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica

Heavy metals accumulation from industrial wastewater even at low concentrations can cause long term cumulative health effects. To overcome this problem, phytoremediation is an alternative method to treat industrial wastewater. In this study, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were used as phytoremediation plants for removing aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) from industrial wastewater. The results showed that the regression value (R2) for all metal concentrations (mg/L) over treatment day is positive and similar to R2 = 1. This result indicated that the metal concentration exhibits a good relationship for reflecting the decrease in the metal concentration with the proportion of treatment day. It was found that I. aquatica accumulates higher Al and Fe contents than C. asiatica. The translocation factor of both plants was found to be greater than 1, implying that both plants can accumulate and extract heavy metals from industrial wastewater.

Topic: Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An expert system for pattern recognition based on features and knowledge

An expert system for pattern recognition based on features and knowledge is realized, and the theoretical and practical problems involved are discussed. The system, designed for analysis of geological patterns, has two novel characteristics. First, the system uses both features and knowledge for its analysis; there is some interaction between the two types of data. Secondly, the control strategy is based on an incomplete-reasoning and regression thinking model. The system is realized and proved to be effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Following the Tweets: What Happened to the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report on Twitter?

This chapter focuses on the role of Twitter in reporting and circulating the IPCC Synthesis Report (SYR). The report is considered an empirical entry point to understand the dynamics of the new media environment and the dynamic actor-networks in which IPCC communication takes place. Using this brief document as a launching point, the chapter probes into the network of digital communication and analyzes how the scientific knowledge of SYR translated into a complex system of transnational stakeholders and their local sub-networks. Ultimately the chapter addresses the question: Does the use of social media call for reconsideration of the role of professional journalism in science communication?

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Glutamate receptor-dependent modulation of dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens by the basolateral, but not the central, nucleus of the amygdala in rats

Dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in reward-related behavior. Recent experiments have described distinct roles of the central (CeN) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala nuclei in the context of associative rewardrelated learning. Given their direct and indirect connections to the NAc and ventral tegmental area (VTA), both the BLA and CeN may interact with the mesoaccumbens DA system during associative learning. The present experiments were designed to test if electrical stimulation of the BLA or CeN could increase dopamine (DA) efflux in the NAc. Microdialysis combined with HPLC-ED was used to monitor NAc DA efflux in freely moving rats. Results revealed that stimulation of the BLA (20 Hz, 10 sec, 300 μA) induced a long-lasting 25±4% increase in NAc DA efflux whereas CeN stimulation had no effect. Reverse dialysis of either the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-V (100 μM) or the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (100 μM), but not the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MCPG (100 μM), into the NAc blocked the stimulationinduced increase in DA efflux in the NAc. Intra-VTA infusion (2 uL, 0.5 μL/min, unilateral) of the reversible sodium channel blocker lidocaine (4%) significantly reduced basal DA levels for ~ 30 minutes but failed to suppress the increase in NAc DA efflux resulting from BLA stimulation. Consequently, we suggest that afferents from the BLA directly modulate DA efflux at the terminals in the NAc, not the cell bodies in the VTA. Results are discussed in the context of limbic-striatal interactions and associative learning.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Comparative studies on hyperthermia induced by laser light, microwaves, and ultrasonics&lt;/title&gt;

Therapeutic heating goes back as far as 3000 B.C., but the therapeutic use of a local temperature rise of 5-20 degree(s)C above normal body temperature, called hyperthermia, was carried out only in the past few decades, if moxibustion is disregarded. Results obtained by various treatment modalities such as optical waves (laser light), microwaves (MW), radio frequency current (rf), or ultrasound (US) are compared, and a theory based on the assumption that tumor formation can be regarded as some sort of disturbance in the signal processing system of the given biological structure is presented. The author suggests that not the locally generated heat alone but the elevated temperature in relation to several environmental factors is responsible for cell killing. Therefore, the modality of creating hyperthermia may be of significance since various methods may change the thermal behavior of the cell environment in a specific way, which means that using two or more modalities the synergetic behavior could be exploited for a better result.

Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Body weight (A) and heart weight gain (B) as well as heart to body weight ratio (C) of AT2 receptor-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice during development.

&lt;p&gt;Accelerated cardiac and body weight gain in postnatal KO as compared to WT mice resulting in a significantly reduced heart to body weight ratio of neonatal and adolescent KO mice. In contrast, the heart to body weight ratio of adult eight week-old KO mice is significantly increased. * &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001 vs. WT (n = 43–233/36–210). Data are shown as mean ± SEM.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New Documents concerning Gerard David

Twenty-four records of payments to Gerard David recently discovered in the archives of the hospital Onze-Lieve-Vrouw ter Potterie at Bruges now make up more than one-third of all known documents on the painter's life. This study focuses on the significance of these payments for an understanding of David's finances, workshop, and possible travel to Italy.

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cerebral Zinc Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease

Most cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic, and overall estimates of lifetime risk of developing AD in first-degree relatives of probands with AD suggest that only ≈50% of AD cases are influenced by hereditary risk factors (1). Meanwhile, a relatively low concordance rate of 40% in monozygotic twins (2) implicates nongenetic factors in the expression of the disease. Therefore, environmental factors could have a major impact on the pathogenesis of AD. Several environmental factors have been proposed to influence the onset of AD. However, the study of the influence of a candidate stressor on the generation of hallmark pathology of AD has been a classic approach that initially implicated aluminum exposure in the generation of neurofibrillary tangles (3,4). We have similarly explored candidate environmental or dietary factors that may impact on the deposition of Aβ as amyloid in the cerebral cortex—the other hallmark of AD neuropathology. Our approaches have been by studies of human amyloid protein precursor (APP) physiology, animal models, and in vitro models of Aβ aggregation. To date, although we have provocative data from in vivo studies, the in vitro studies of Aβ aggregation are most evolved. We have found that the solubility of the Aβ peptide is sensitively destabilized by the presence of zinc. This finding targets zinc as an important candidate environmental factor that could modulate Aβ solubility, since the brain is a unique compartment that sequesters zinc to high concentrations, whereas the blood—brain barrier in health serves to prevent undue exposure of the brain to this highly neurotoxic element.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences