jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Household Responses to Food Shortages in Western Nepal

Food shortages occur periodically and predictably in over- populated areas of the foothills of the Himalaya, leading to extensive outmigration and to indebtedness of farmers. A survey of four administrative areas and in-depth interviews of 120 households (a sample of diverse caste and ethnic groups, stratified by land area) was undertaken in two districts of western Nepal to document the severity of shortfall in local agricultural production and the range of household coping strategies. The duration of food shortages averaged 5 months of the year, but ranged enormously across households, with 4% of sample families being entirely landless. Out-migration, wage labor, petty trade, high-interest loans, and land mortgage were well-established coping strategies, beneficial for some families in generating income and the possibility for investment, but for others leading to progressively greater debt, economic marginalisation and impoverishment. This study highlights the importance of encouraging diversified strategies for subsistence farmers to ensure cash revenue, much of which is derived from debt and emigration, and reviews the geographical and socioeconomic factors influencing both constraints on household subsistence and responses to seasonal food deficits.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Boundary Behavior of Holomorphic Functions of Several Complex Variables.

This book has as its subject the boundary value theory of holomorphic functions in several complex variables, a topic that is just now coming to the forefront of mathematical analysis. For one variable, the topic is classical and rather well understood. In several variables, the necessary understanding of holomorphic functions via partial differential equations has a recent origin, and Professor Stein's book, which emphasizes the potential-theoretic aspects of the boundary value problem, should become the standard work in the field.Originally published in 1972.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Topic: Meromorphic and Entire Functions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on Analyzing Earth Rockfill Dam Seepage and Slope Stability

Seepage damage has been one of the most important factors that affect the safe operation of embankment dams, So more consideration is taken into the saturated soil more than non-saturated soil. In this paper, we carry on the experiment by using SEEP/W software to take the flow field analysis of unsaturated soil of the core embankment dam. Based on the experiment, we analyzed the normal water level of dam seepage line, checked the flood level lower position, the pressure and the flow hydrodynamic calculations of the dam such as hydraulic slope, analyzed different water seepage under the dam changes, as well as the reason of the causing damage to the dam and the effect on the heart wall seepage is also analyzed. We found that the reason of dam destroyed is due to the hydraulic slope caused by excessive exports, we propose the corresponding seepage control measures. To solve this problem, we conducted the filtration for the seepage export processing.

Topic: Dam Engineering and Safety
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Challenges and needs in fire management: A landscape simulation modeling perspective [chapter 4]

Fire management will face many challenges in the future from global climate change to protecting people, communities, and values at risk. Simulation modeling will be a vital tool for addressing these challenges but the next generation of simulation models must be spatially explicit to address critical landscape ecology relationships and they must use mechanistic approaches to model novel climates. This chapter summarizes important issues that will be critical for wildland fire management in the future and then identifies the role that simulation modeling can have in tackling these issues. The challenges of simulation modeling include: (i) spatial representation, (ii) uncertainty, (iii) complexity, (iv) parameterization, (v) initialization, (vi) testing and validation. The LANDFlRE project is presented as an example on how simulation modeling is used to support current fire management issues. Research and management needs for successful wildland fire-related simulation modeling projects will need (i) exteusive mechanistic research programs, (ii) comprehensive databases, (iii) statistical validation methods and protocols, (iv) software and hardware research, (v) modeling science explorations, and (vi) extensive training. Models will continue to play an integral role in fire management but only if the science keeps pace and managers are poised to take advantage of advances in modeling.

Topic: Fire effects on ecosystems
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hyposialylation Must Be Considered to Develop Future Therapies in Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune disease development depends on multiple factors, including genetic and environmental. Abnormalities such as sialylation levels and/or quality have been recently highlighted. The adjunction of sialic acid at the terminal end of glycoproteins and glycolipids is essential for distinguishing between self and non-self-antigens and the control of pro- or anti-inflammatory immune reactions. In autoimmunity, hyposialylation is responsible for chronic inflammation, the anarchic activation of the immune system and organ lesions. A detailed characterization of this mechanism is a key element for improving the understanding of these diseases and the development of innovative therapies. This review focuses on the impact of sialylation in autoimmunity in order to determine future treatments based on the regulation of hyposialylation.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cumulative effect of productivity rates in linear schedules

Due to an increase in competition and project owners requirements, construction companies are becoming more sophisticated. In order to be more efficient and achieve competitive operational advantage, companies are narrowing their focus becoming specialists in certain type of construction projects. This specialization requires scheduling tools that can provide better insights and control on their chosen field and specific type of projects. Highway construction has always been a specialized area of construction in which, linear and continuous type of project are the norm. For these projects synchronization and continuity of work is crucial for efficient use of resources making advantageous to arrange for crews to work continuously. Doing so prevents idle intervals for equipment and manpower (Selinger 1980). For that purpose the project manager (PM) has to be able to identify the time and location when to add, maintain or remove resources in order to meet scheduled completion time. The only scheduling tool capable of reproducing such linear and continuous requirements is the Linear Schedule. Unfortunately, LS have not been developed enough to provide planners with the needed sophisticated analytical and statistical information. The LSMh (Harmelink 1995) is the most advanced LS method, since provides an analytical method to determine the controlling path for LS. However, the LSMh does not consider productivity rate uncertainty and its effects on project completion. The LSMh lacks statistical features that are needed to perform risk management and what-if analysis when using a LS. This research is a natural evolution of the LSMh, incorporating to it three important features. First, it provides three new graphical structures that allow the graphical calculation of the cumulative effects of productivity rate variability (CEPRV) in LS. Second, it proposes the Visual Linear Scheduling Model (VLSM). The VLSM allows planners to determine the existence of multiple controlling activity paths due to productivity uncertainty. Third, a simulation model is proposed that automates the calculation of both the CEPRV and VLSM, and in addition, provide planners with the possibility of calculating the probability of project delay (PPD).

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantum basic invariants and classical Noether's theorem

Taking the generalized time-dependent harmonic oscillator (GTHO) and singular time-dependent harmonic oscillator (STHO) as illustrative examples, we discuss the connection between the quantum basic invariants and classical Noether’s theorem and, for the system, lind: (1) The classical basic invariants and general form of classical invariants. (2) The current algebra and corresponding operator algebra. (3) A kind of converse of the Noether’s theorem. (4) The connection between the so-called symmetry algebra ({Gj algebra) and the classical current algebra through the operator algebra. © 1993 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Motivational Aspects of Legitimate Internet File Sharing and Piracy

This chapter examines potential and active customers’ intrinsic and extrinsic values associated with selected legal, ethical, and economic impacts of file sharing, especially in relationship to potential impacts on customer relationship management (CRM). The pros and cons of file sharing are highlighted in a conceptual model and empirically tested through graphical and statistical analysis through hypothesis testing, via factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques. Recommendations on the potential growth of file-sharing industry, through the lens of price, competition, increased selection, and regulation, are included. These file sharing topics, issues, and concerns will have a variety of impact on potential and active customers, businesses, and strategic leveraging of CRM. The success of the P2P industry will depend on several important issues: copyright protection, communications infrastructure, and innovative pricing and payments strategies.

Topic: Sharing Economy and Platforms
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Note on the Beauty and Beauty Art in Hindu Epic Literature

In this paper we inquire into the beauty and beauty art in Hindu epic literature, such as Mahabharata, Ramayana and so on. This is just a preliminary theoretical study on the theme and so the details of beauty art (makeup, ornaments, dress & etc.) which have been so far occasionally examined are not dealt with by us.We take beauty as luster of appearance and define beauty art as a technique for the increase and decrease of luster. We go on to examine the various aspects of beauty and beauty art, considering such various view-points as [1] beauty is alluring power, [2] the relation between appearance and inner qualities, [3] two types of beautification: by removal of stains and by equipment of shining elements, [4] bad nature of frail women. Especially view-point [1] is related to the religious relation between men and gods in India. In the same way, [2] corresponds to the duality of body and soul which is very important for understanding Indian culture.

Topic: South Asian Cinema and Culture
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Model Tools for Strategic Planning of Industrial Enterprise Development: Methodological Aspect

The Issus of organizing the strategic planning of the activities of defense enterprises are considered. The methodological study of the research Is. made it possible to defne strategic planning as a dynamic set of interrelated management processes, endowing the category with efciency and the ability to adjust. The organization of a completely new ecosystem confguration of relationships with the establishment of a strategic alliance of the participants is proposed, which is most relevant in the feld of close state interest. Conceptual approaches of value-oriented integration of functional areas of stakeholders have been formed, designed to ensure the coordinated movement of information, knowledge and other ﬂows in real time according to the vector of the strategic direction of the ecosystem development

Topic: Economic and Business Development Strategies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Examining user satisfaction and stickiness in social networking sites from a technology affordance lens: uncovering the moderating effect of user experience

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore, identify and understand the impact of technology affordance in the context of social networking sites (SNSs). Moreover, this study incorporates user experience as a moderator, in order to explore behavioral differences between veterans (high-experience users) and newbies (low-experience users). Design/methodology/approach A research model was developed to examine the influences of three technology affordances: interactivity, information and navigation on user satisfaction and SNS stickiness. Totally 266 data were collected from a famous college in China using an online survey, and structural equation modeling technique was used to examine the proposed research model. Findings The empirical research findings indicated that the three technology affordance attributes exhibited different degrees of influence on user satisfaction, which in turn facilitated SNS stickiness. Particularly, high-experience users were more likely influenced by interactivity and information affordances, while low-experience users are more susceptible to navigation affordance. Practical implications This study can provide guidelines to the platform administrators to design SNSs from the aspects of interactivity, information and navigation attributes and pay attention to the preference differences between high-experience users and low-experience users. Originality/value This study uncovers the significant antecedents of SNS stickiness from a technology affordance lens and reveals the moderating effect of user experience on the relationship between three technology affordance attributes and satisfaction.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Reflection on Interactional Feedback by Students of Sanata Dharma University

Interactional feedback as a means of helping second language (L2) learners to focus on form has received increased attention recently in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). Moreover, feedback is also considered as an effective way to help the students improve their ability in learning L2. Subsequently, as teachers encourage use of the target language in their classrooms, they must consider how to provide feedback to their students concerning the accuracy of their utterances. This paper attempts to reveal the answers for the research question which is “what does interactional feedback mean to the students?” There are two participants who were willing to share their lived experiences. The data are in a form of texts and gathered from an in-depth interview in which the data are then extracted to be the themes for the discussion. For the themes, there are two major themes appear in the study namely motivation and self-improvement. Motivation was the first theme that appeared from the study. The comments and feedback could motivate the participants to perform better in their next speaking practices. Additionally, motivation indeed becomes one of the positive effects which could make the participants feel motivated in improving their speaking ability through the feedback from their lecturers. Self-improvement became the second major theme from the study. Self-improvement was derived from the participants’ consciousness when they encountered the mistakes that they often committed when speaking. Contextually, the interactional feedback that the participants gained from the lecturer made the participants aware of the mistake that they had committed. Therefore, after gaining the feedbacks from their teacher, they are triggered to improve their performance in the next speaking assignments.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Initial 30 seconds of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0)—amplitude and τ c for magnitude estimation for Earthquake Early Warning—

We analyzed the waveforms of the mainshock (Mw 9.0) and three foreshocks of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake during the initial 30 s after P-wave onset to determine the maximum amplitudes of acceleration, velocity, and displacement, and τc (the period parameter of the waveform). The amplitudes for the Mw 9.0 event were quite small for the first several seconds, as small as those of the Mw 6 foreshocks, and the τc value was also as small as those of the foreshocks. For the first 30 s, the amplitude of the Mw 9.0 event was larger than that of the Mw 7.3 foreshock whereas τc was smaller. These results suggest that it is difficult to determine the eventual magnitude for very large earthquakes from the initial several seconds, that an updating procedure is important for Earthquake Early Warning using ongoing waveforms, and that τc might not be reliable for magnitude estimation at least for the main shock.

Topic: Seismology and Earthquake Studies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhanced Connection Adaption Strategy With Partition Approach

The control of dynamical networks is a topic of great value with applications across multiple disciplines. An efficient control scheme based on the connection adaption strategy (CAS) has been proposed by Zhou et al. who revealed that the controllability is restricted by the topological distance between the units and the controller. In this paper, based on the framework of the CAS, we propose a distributed control scheme by partitioning the network space into grids. With this partition approach, the distance between units and controller could be much reduced, resulting in a significant enhancement of the controllability of the dynamical networks. In addition, we introduce an effective length to measure the time-varying topological distance between the mobile units and the controller. The introduced effective length could well reflect the controllability of the dynamical networks with mobile units.

Topic: Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparing national policies on institutional profiling in Germany and the Netherlands

The concepts of differentiation and profiling are cornerstones in discussions about the organisation of contemporary higher education systems, following the trends of massification and global competition. This contribution provides a system-level description and comparison of the German and Dutch higher education systems regarding these topics, and points to possible interactions and development concepts connecting differentiation, strategic profiling of universities and excellence. Though both higher education systems started from very different positions and with differing policies towards differentiation, the global trends and national aspirations for the systems, as well as individual universities in Germany and the Netherlands, are comparable. A look into the resulting ranking positions of German and Dutch universities generally shows a more successful development for the Dutch higher education institutions in the last few years – which could possibly indicate a crucial time lag in the effects of differentiation policies in higher education as the German excellence and differentiation efforts fundamentally took hold more than 10 years after the Dutch initiatives in this field

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fiuncho: a program for any-order epistasis detection in CPU clusters

Abstract Epistasis can be defined as the statistical interaction of genes during the expression of a phenotype. It is believed that it plays a fundamental role in gene expression, as individual genetic variants have reported a very small increase in disease risk in previous Genome-Wide Association Studies. The most successful approach to epistasis detection is the exhaustive method, although its exponential time complexity requires a highly parallel implementation in order to be used. This work presents Fiuncho, a program that exploits all levels of parallelism present in x86_64 CPU clusters in order to mitigate the complexity of this approach. It supports epistasis interactions of any order, and when compared with other exhaustive methods, it is on average 358, 7 and 3 times faster than MDR, MPI3SNP and BitEpi, respectively.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences