jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Standardized Photoelectric Technique as Routine Method for Selection of Amputation Level

During a period of 11 months 45 amputations, 31 below-knee and 14 above-knee, were performed in 42 patients with gangrene of the lower extremity. A newly introduced standardized photoelectric technique for measurement of local skin perfusion pressure (SPP) was used preoperatively and the result used in selection of the proper amputation level. An overall healing rate of 89 per cent was found. 69 per cent of the amputations were performed below-knee. The healing rates for individual SPP-levels were identical to those obtained with the cumbersome isotope washout technique. The standardized photoelectric technique is simple, rapid and causes the patient only negligible discomfort, allowing repeated measurements on different levels of the leg.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract IA09: Molecular mechanisms controlling the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment: Implications for therapy

Abstract Two major categories of melanoma metastases have been observed based on gene expression profiling and confirmatory technologies. One subgroup of patients has T cell-inflamed phenotype that includes expression of chemokines, T cell markers, and a type I IFN gene signature. In contrast, the other major subset lacks this phenotype and these tumors show a behavior of immune “exclusion”. The optimal immunotherapeutic intervention may be distinct for these two general subsets. The T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment subset contains the highest expression of negative regulatory factors, including PD-L1, IDO, and FoxP3+ Tregs, and evidence for T cell-intrinsic anergy has also emerged. In addition, the mechanism of induction of these inhibitory mechanisms has been elucidated—PD-L1 and IDO are induced by IFN-γ, and Tregs are largely recruited by chemokines such as CCL22, produced by activated CD8+ effector T cells. Preclinical experiments have confirmed a critical role for all 4 of these mechanisms in limiting anti-tumor T cell efficacy in vivo, giving a mechanism base for translation back into the clinic. These include anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, IDO inhibitors, and approaches to deplete CD25+ Tregs and/or reverse anergy. The presence of multiple inhibitory mechanisms in the same tumor microenvironment argues that combination therapies may be advantageous to overcome compensatory effects. Preclinical data indicated synergy between anti-CTLA-4 +/- anti-PD-L1 +/- IDO inhibition. The mechanism of synergy is striking, as it correlates with a marked improvement of IL-2 production and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Clinical translation of these combination immunotherapies is promising and ongoing. In contrast to the T cell-inflamed melanomas, a new paradigm may be needed to promote de novo inflammation in cases of the non-T cell-infiltrated tumor microenvironment. Recent work has indicated that successful innate immune sensing of tumors involves the STING pathway and type I IFN production. Therefore, STING agonists are being developed to promote effective innate immune activation and generation of an adaptive immune response. Molecular mechanisms that explain the presence or absence of a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in patients are being elucidated, which is opening up new concepts for therapies that may overcome immune exclusion and render patients responsive to immunotherapies. Citation Format: Thomas Gajewski. Molecular mechanisms controlling the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment: Implications for therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 2264974: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MODELING OF AIRLINES’ BEHAVIOR ON CHOICE OF AIRCRAFT SIZE AND NETWORK DESIGN

本論文ではエアラインの戦略としてネットワークデザインに加え,機材選択を考慮し,モデル化した.具体的には,既開発のbi-level型航空旅客輸送市場モデルを拡張し,エアラインの戦略に機材選択を組み込んだモデルを提案した.そして,均衡解として部分ゲーム完全解を採用した.ハブスポーク型輸送を対象とした数値計算の結果,機材間の輸送費用の差,および旅客の輸送頻度に対する感度で小型多頻度化の程度が異なることがわかった.また,ハブ空港における発着回数制限を組み込んだ感度分析の結果により,小型多頻度化が生じる区間があるものの,必ずしも全ての路線で小型多頻度化が進行するのではないことが示され,小型機に特化したエアラインの参入によって多頻度化が進行することがわかった.

Topic: Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figures S1-S12 from Inhibition of mTORC1/2 Overcomes Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Mediated by PGC1α and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Melanoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S12. Figure S1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Netwalker analysis of the PLX4720-synthetic lethal genes. Figure S2. Effect of Selumetinib on the mitochondrial gene expression in high OxPhos MEL624 cell lines. Figure S3. Differential energy consumption and release in selumetinib-sensitive and resistant melanoma cell lines. Figure S4. Oxygen consumption in MEKi+mTORC1/2i combination-resistant and Ã¢??sensitive melanoma cell lines. Figure S5. Cellular effects of FDA approved single agent MEK and BRAF inhibitors Trametinib and Dabrafenib and their combinations with AZD8055. Figure S6. RPPA proteomic analysis of protein lysates from three combination-resistant (1) and three Ã¢??sensitive (2) BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines following MEK or mTORC1/2 inhibition. Figure S7. Correlation of MITF expression with selumetinib and AZD8055 combination synergy in 14 melanoma cell lines. Figure S8. Effect of selumetinib and AZD8055 on the cellular localization of MITF and consequence of MITF knockdown Figure S9. Comparative effects of AZD8055 and AZD2014. Figure S10. Drug concentration against percentage of cell growth inhibition. Figure S11. The proliferation of the A375, its resistant clones Ã¢??R1 and -R2, and WM35 and its resistant clones in presence of increasing concentrations of selumetinib, AZD8055 and their combination after 72 h treatment was determined as described in Figure S8. Figure S12. A) Ratio of PGC1ÃŽÂ± and MITF gene expression at the time of disease progression versus pre-treatment in the MGH cohort of patients treated with single-agent vemurafenib (MGH-25) or with dabrafenib + trametinib (all others). B) PGC1ÃŽÂ± expression in 917 cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) representing 23 cancer types.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Kinetics and mechanism of uranium bioleaching from a low grade indian ore

Uranium leaching mechanism by biogenic ferric ions from the enriched culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans from a low grade Indian uranium ore has been elucidated. Biodissolution of 98% uranium was obtained at 20% (w/v) pulp density, 1.7 pH and 35°C temperature using <76 µm particles in 40 days under the optimized conditions. Iron (III) generated through the bacterial oxidation of pyrite and chemical dissolution of magnetite present in the ore under acidic condition, has a bearing on the bioleaching of uranium. The kinetics of uranium dissolution by bacteria followed the chemical control model which was corroborated by XRD and SEM studies.

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ENFORCEMENT OF STATE ANTITRUST LAWS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

The past five years or so have been marked by the emergence of antitrust enforcement activities by an ever increasing number of states. To the traditionally antitrust-conscious states of Missouri and Texas have been added New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, Cali fornia, Washingon, Hawaii and to a lesser extent, perhaps, Michigan, Minnesota and Oregon. Looking back to the year 1961 I am moved to comment upon the clarity of vision shown by Professor James A. Rahl in his article in the Texas Law Review entitled, Toward a Worthwhile State Antitrust Policy.1 Experience has proven the validity of many of his observations and his analysis of the problems involved in the inauguration of a state antitrust enforcement program. I commend it to any student of the problems of antitrust.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydroxycarbamide treatment in children with Sickle Cell Anaemia is associated with more intact white matter integrity: a quantitative MRI study

Summary Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a devastating genetic blood disorder leading to chronic anaemia, impaired cerebrovascular dilatory capacity and cerebral infarctions. Our aim was to assess the relationship between microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) and both cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cerebral blood flow, as well as the effects of hydroxycarbamide on these relationships. Our results demonstrate that mean CVR was increased in hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients compared to untreated patients. Moreover, untreated SCA patients had increased skew and kurtosis of mean diffusivity histograms in the WM compared to hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients and healthy age‐matched controls, indicating disruption of WM integrity. Regression analysis of CVR and WM mean diffusivity (MD) revealed a significant linear relationship between CVR and MD histogram skew and kurtosis in healthy controls, but not in either of the two SCA groups. These findings suggest that patients treated with hydroxycarbamide possess white matter MD histogram parameters which more closely resemble those of healthy controls.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Consensus Project and Three Levels of Deliberation

The basic argument is that the consensus debate has not been very meaningful until now because consensus has not been closely studied as a concept, and deliberation has not been studied precisely in terms of the propensity to reach common agreement. In particular, deliberation — as well as issues for deliberation — has not been categorized into different levels with a view to exposing the varying challenges of reaching common agreement and the kinds of deliberative approaches entailed in each category. In this research, I attempt to provide this categorization in order to clarify the debate.

Topic: Risk Perception and Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modal realism: Yet another hybrid version

The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of modality by means of the existence of concrete impossible worlds. In particular, I pursue a strategy according to which logical impossibility is analyzed as logical inaccessibility. I then consider whether it makes sense to think of logical models in isolation from the concrete world but without their being divorced from all spatiotemporal totalities. The metaphysics of structure developed in this paper assumes that structural properties of possible and impossible worlds are primitive and objective. However, I provide some characterizations of their logical and metaphysical behavior, as well as guidelines for talking about them.

Topic: Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Methods from Chromogranin A Is Preferentially Cleaved into Proangiogenic Peptides in the Bone Marrow of Multiple Myeloma Patients

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on purification of rhEPO by the immunoaffinity chromatography

Aim To purify recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) by immunoaffinity chromatograghy. Methods rhEPO was used as antigen to immunize Balb/c mice for preparing mAbs against rhEPO. Purified mAb 2F12 was coupled with activited sepharose 4B to prepare the immunoaffinity chromatography columu for purification of rhEPO. Results Four hybridoma cell lines secreting mAbs against rhEPO were obtained, namely, 1A8、 2F12、 3D4 and 3F10. A single band be exhibited on SDS PAGE gel with a yield of 90%. By using sandwich ELISA established with these mAbs for detection of rhEPO, Sensitivity of the ELISA reached ng level. Conclution rhEPO purified by immunoaffinity chromatograghy have high efficien good purify and the ELISA are sensitiveand and stabile.

Topic: Blood groups and transfusion
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Activities of Administrative Judiciary During Marital State in Ukraine

The article examines the problem of access to justice in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law that has been ongoing since 2014, in particular after the start of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022. Emphasis is placed on the need to ensure the functioning of the judicial system even in conditions of active hostilities, because according to Article 124 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Regime of Martial Law”, courts are obliged to continue their activities and cannot limit their powers. This issue has become particularly relevant due to the escalation of the conflict and the growing challenges facing the administrative courts, which must ensure access to justice despite logistical and organizational difficulties. The study notes that even in extraordinary legal regimes, according to the recommendations of the Venice Commission, the judicial system must adhere to the principles of a fair trial. The article also analyzes the main problems faced by the administrative judiciary under martial law, in particular, the lack of funding, difficulties in organizing the work of the courts, the movement of participants in the process, and the need to change territorial jurisdiction. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the goals and tasks of the study, as well as proposals for improving administrative proceedings, are formulated. The importance of legislative changes that would allow courts to stop proceedings in cases when the participants cannot be present due to the circumstances of the war, as well as the need to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens who find themselves in hostilities, is emphasized. The article emphasizes that administrative justice under martial law needs greater flexibility and adaptability to effectively resolve legal issues arising in this critical period. Thus, the study contributes to the study of the impact of the war on the legal system of Ukraine and emphasizes the need to preserve justice in constantly changing conditions.

Topic: War, Law, and Justice
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A condition monitoring approach for the detection of defects in the primary suspension of railway vehicles

This work presents the main problems in the primary suspension of metro vehicles and a methodology to detect those using wayside systems. The primary suspension is usually based on rubber elements, which are space saving and have damping properties. However, rubber characteristics change with time, often in a different way in each element. Differences between elements can cause irregular transmission of loads to the wheels, and thus, a reduction or loss of guidance forces. The ageing of rubber can also lead to a general stiffening of the primary suspension, which increases the risk of derailment. This paper presents a wayside system that uses a few strain gauge bridges to detect those problems independently of the vehicle load and speed. Firstly, the system is developed by means of a multibody model. Secondly, a demonstrator is installed in an operating metro exploitation. Finally, the accuracy of the predictions is proven by testing some of the elements in the laboratory.

Topic: Railway Engineering and Dynamics
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychometric Validation of the Derogais' Brief Simptom Inventory (BSI)

Brief Simptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis 1993) is a 53-item self-report inventory designed to assess current level of psychological symptoms and distress. To evaluate the applicability of this measure in croatian conditions, metric caracteristics have been verified and compared to norms. The BSI was administrated to 500 participants from general population and 159 persons who had traumatic experience, but never asked for professional help. Percentages symptomatic in general population were larger then american norms, but smaller then percetages of traumatized persons. Traumatised persons had statisticaly significant greater results on all dimensions and global indicies than general population. On separate dimensions, there was significant difference between the sexes in the general population which was, as expected, in favor of women. Compared with american adult nonpatient norms (Derogatis, 1993), both traumatised persons and members of general population scored higher. BSI indicated good sensitivity in consideration of the fact that it better discriminated the participants which experienced greater levels of distress. Discriminative validity of all of the items was good. Reliability of the whole BSI was very high and internal consistancy on separate dimensions ranged from A�Â±= .83 to A�Â±= .92 in the traumatised persons group and from A�Â±= .69 to A�Â±= .84 in general population. Principal components analysis revealed one dominant component that accounted for large majority of the variance and which had substantial loadings on all of the items in both samples. Unidimensionality of the BSI was corroborated by the homogenity of the Inventory and significant corelations among the dimensions. These findings indicate that the composite score on the Brief Symprom Inventory is a good indicator of distress and that it reflects the degree but not the precise nature of the psychopathology.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Successful Correction of Velopharyngeal Stress Incompetence in Musicians Playing Wind Instruments

Two professional musicians who played wind instruments developed velopharyngeal stress incompetence which prevented them from generating the high intraoral pressures required to play their instruments. In both cases, we did a V-Y pushback with a superiorly-based pharyngeal flap. At 1 1/2 and two years postoperatively, both patients remain free of velopharyngeal incompetence and are actively engaged in their musical careers.

Topic: Musicians’ Health and Performance
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Functional selectin ligands mediating human CD34+ cell interactions with bone marrow endothelium are enhanced postnatally

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can home to the bone marrow (BM) after a simple intravenous injection, but the adhesive mechanisms mediating the initial interactions of human HPCs with the BM endothelium have not been evaluated in vivo. Using fluorescence intravital microscopy and homing assays in NOD/SCID mice, we show that endothelial selectins are necessary for human adult CD34+ cell homing, since rolling on BM endothelium and retention in the BM compartment are drastically reduced (>90%) in endothelial selectin–deficient NOD/SCID mice. Comparative analyses of CD34+ cells collected from adults and from cord blood (CB) reveal that neonatal cells display reduced rolling fractions compared with adult CD34+ cells obtained from peripheral blood or BM, suggesting abnormal selectin ligand function on neonatal progenitors. Flow cytometric and intravital microscopy studies suggest that this defect results from nonfunctional P-selectin ligand on a subset (∼30%) of neonatal CD34+ cells. Further analyses indicate that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is expressed in a nonfunctional form among neonatal CD34+ cells that do not bind P-selectin and that this subset is enriched in primitive CD34+CD38lo/– progenitors. These results underscore the potential to improve homing of CB CD34+ cells to the BM by manipulation of selectins and their ligands.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Standing-wave reduction for chirped-grating holography

An antireflection layer of Fe2O3 beneath the photoresist used to record a holographic diffraction grating on a planar waveguide has been shown to result in improved grating depth, and therefore in greater diffraction efficiency, by reducing the effects of standing waves in the film during exposure.

Topic: Optical Coatings and Gratings
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimizing the photon flux of double optical gated high-order harmonic spectra

The combination of polarization gating and two-color gating is a promising approach to generate single isolated attosecond pulses with multicycle pump lasers. We searched the phase-matching conditions for high-order harmonic generation with such a double optical gating using $0.85\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}$, $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ laser pulses centered at $790\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. At the optimized gas target location and pressure, the single extreme ultraviolet pulse energy is $6.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nJ}$ for argon and 170 pJ for neon, which are much higher then those generated with conventional polarization gating. In addition, the carrier-envelope phase effects with a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ periodicity were attained when the highest extreme ultraviolet photon flux was produced, indicating the robustness of the double optical gating.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences