jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Medication Use in Elite Athletes

For many athletes, sport is not safe enough without medicines. Heavy physical training causes several physiological and pathophysiological changes and stress in respiratory, cardiovascular, immunologic, endocrinological, and musculoskeletal systems in highly-trained athletes. If athletes suffer from asthma, high blood pressure, or cardiac arrhythmia, sport challenges their bodies under unique stresses, which raise the likelihood of a chronic or catastrophic harm. \n\nThe present study aimed at determining the use of prescribed medication and factors associated with it in a large number of elite athletes compared with a representative control sample of the general population. Of all the athletes (N = 494) financially supported by the National Olympic Committee, 446 completed a structured questionnaire (response rate 90.3%) in 2002. A control group (N = 1503, response rate 80.1%) comprised an age-matched sample from the population-based study collected by the National Public Health Institute. \n\nThe use of prescribed asthma and allergy medication, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and oral antibiotics during the past seven days is 2-4-fold in elite athletes compared with the general population of the same age. Allergy medication is most commonly used medicine group among athletes followed by NSAIDs, asthma medication and oral antibiotics. Every fifth athlete reported of the adverse effects associated with the use of NSAIDs. \n\nThe frequency of self-reported asthma medication is clearly lower than the reported occurrence of physician-diagnosed asthma in a large sample of Finnish Olympic athletes. Use of asthma medication is most frequent in endurance athletes, but no difference is found between winter and summer sport athletes. Female athletes use asthma medication more often than males. No evidence of overuse of inhaled 2-agonists is found. Treatment of airway inflammation seems unsatisfactory. \n\nEndurance athletes have physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis and they use allergy medication more often than athletes in other events or control subjects. Female athletes use allergy medication more frequently than male athletes. Only half of the athletes reporting allergic rhinitis take allergy medication. More attention needs to be paid to the optimal management of allergic rhinitis in highly-trained athletes. \n\nAll the above-mentioned medicines have potential adverse effects that may have deleterious impact on the maximum exercise performance of elite athletes. Thus, any unnecessary medicine use should be minimized in elite athletes.

Topic: Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Decision Analysis of Lane Change Based on Fuzzy Logic

Aiming at the complexity of lane change process, fuzzy logic analysis method was proposed to analyzing this behavior. By assaying the multi lane change scene that the drivers may choose, influencing factors were quantified. Each indicator factor after quantified was treated as model input. PID models of driver, vehicle and road surface were established in Simulink condition. The road surface model controls whether the lane change process will be conducted, and the driver model will export angle of steering wheel to deciding the efficiency of lane change process. Real road test was conducted and the test result shows that information between human and vehicle can be fused sufficiently.

Topic: Simulation and Modeling Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Techniques for Liver Resection

In 1952, Jean Louis Lortat-Jacob undertook the first successful extended right hepatectomy.It was pioneering surgery. Improvement in liver resection has been achieved in the past decade. Among other factors, a gradual change of technology, platforms and refinement of surgical techniques have played significant roles. In this review, the various surgical approaches, operative techniques, operative instruments and adjunctive measures as applied in liver resection are described, along with discussion of the pros and cons of each of these attributes. A brief description of laparoscopic liver resection is also included to address this important and emerging area in liver surgery. Keywords: Liver resection; surgical techniques; Laparoscopic liver resection. DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7064 BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 112-119

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data-Driven Secondary Voltage Control Design using PMU Measurements

This paper shows the design of data-driven secondary voltage control (SVC) using synchrophasor measurements to eliminate voltage violations in electric power systems. A closed-loop strategy is carried out with the participation of the available generators, to increase the utilization of their reactive power capability and decrease the need for additional reactive power sources. A decentralized PID controller is used to perform the closed-loop control, and their parameters are tuned by the MIMO Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) approach using only I/O data (without any system model information). The proposed VRFT-SVC strategy was applied to the benchmark IEEE 39 bus system, and robust performance was achieved under two distinct disturbances.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data‐driven solvers for strongly nonlinear material response

Abstract This work presents a data‐driven magnetostatic finite‐element solver that is specifically well suited to cope with strongly nonlinear material responses. The data‐driven computing framework is essentially a multiobjective optimization procedure matching the material operation points as closely as possible to given material data while obeying Maxwell's equations. Here, the framework is extended with heterogeneous (local) weighting factors—one per finite element—equilibrating the goal function locally according to the material behavior. This modification allows the data‐driven solver to cope with unbalanced measurement data sets, that is, data sets suffering from unbalanced space filling. This occurs particularly in the case of strongly nonlinear materials, which constitute problematic cases that hinder the efficiency and accuracy of standard data‐driven solvers with a homogeneous (global) weighting factor. The local weighting factors are embedded in the distance‐minimizing data‐driven algorithm used for noiseless data, likewise for the maximum entropy data‐driven algorithm used for noisy data. Numerical experiments based on a quadrupole magnet model with a soft magnetic material show that the proposed modification results in major improvements in terms of solution accuracy and solver efficiency. For the case of noiseless data, local weighting factors improve the convergence of the data‐driven solver by orders of magnitude. When noisy data are considered, the convergence rate of the data‐driven solver is doubled.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Official Tudor Homilies

Abstract This article discusses official homilies during the Tudor dynasty. It first describes the direct state use of the pulpit, and pinpoints the origin of the homilies. It studies the Edwardian homilies, the Elizabethan homilies, the structure of the homilies, and the contribution of Thomas Cranmer. The article also looks at the greatest tribute to the effectiveness of Cranmer's Book of Homilies, namely Reginald Pole's opinion in the Legatine Synod.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Treatment and its Effectiveness in Relapse Prevention Associated with Crack Cocaine

One of the biggest barriers to treatment for crack cocaine users has been the undeniably strong stereotypes associated with crack use. These stereotypes are most commonly rooted in historical racism, attitudes to poverty and the fear that these issues bring when associated with inaccurate and sensationalist reporting by the media. Crack cocaine is a different drug when compared to opiates and services need to acknowledge that national policies and practice have predominately reflected the needs of opiate users leading to imbalances in provision within generic treatment providers. The 'high' experienced by a person taking crack or cocaine is produced by a chemical called dopamine. The combination of increased adrenaline levels and low dopamine levels after a period of using can produce the feelings of being 'wired' or 'prang'. Crack cocaine use can be associated with high levels of health complaints, drug related deaths and also an increase in criminal involvement.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Making Recommendations Bandwidth Aware

This paper asks how much we can gain in terms of bandwidth and user satisfaction, if recommender systems became bandwidth aware and took into account not only the user preferences, but also the fact that they may need to serve these users under bandwidth constraints, as is the case over wireless networks. We formulate this as a new problem in the context of index coding: we relax the index coding requirements to capture scenarios where each client has preferences associated with messages. The client is satisfied to receive any message she does not already have, with a satisfaction proportional to her preference for that message. We consistently find, over a number of scenarios we sample, that although the optimization problems are in general NP-hard, significant bandwidth savings are possible even when restricted to polynomial time algorithms.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of dose and molecular weight on foliar mass uptake of surfactant

Foliar uptake of model xenobiotics and active ingredients on a unit area basis can be related to the initial dose of compound applied per unit area Current concepts propose that ideally surfactants and active ingredients copenetrate into plants Other evidence has shown that this is not always the case with pesticides and surfactants influencing each others behaviour Hence it is relevant to determine whether surfactants follow a similar mass uptake relationship This study determined the uptake of five surfactants differing in structure and molecular weight (2901350) into two plant species (fathen and wheat) The results showed that surfactants follow the same mass uptake relationship found previously for model compounds and active ingredients ie the initial dose (nmol/mm2) of surfactant applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake per unit area However at the constant concentration () studied surfactant molecular weight also played a role in uptake

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Syndactyly Release

Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital hand anomalies treated by pediatric plastic surgeons. Established principles of syndactyly separation dictate the timing and order of syndactyly release, with the goals of surgery being the creation of an anatomically normal webspace, tension-free closure of soft tissue, and return of function to the fingers. Numerous surgical methods have been described, many of which involve the use of local flaps to reconstruct the commissure and full-thickness skin grafts for coverage of raw areas. Recently, reconstructive techniques without the use of skin grafts have been devised, which work well for certain indications. Special considerations are described for complete, complex, and syndromic syndactylies. Outcomes for simple syndactyly release are typically good when surgical principles are followed, whereas complex syndactyly release tends to have less-favorable outcomes and more complications.

Topic: Congenital limb and hand anomalies
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[A biomechanical study of flexible penile implants].

The prostheses used are silicone elastomer flexible penile implants. They are not hard, but flexible and capable of being elongated without traction. These implants have the advantage of resisting axial pressure which facilitates intromission, even in the absence of erection. Their flexibility also allows the penis to hang when the patient is standing. For the penis to hang normally, it must be sufficiently long (hence the value of cavernopubic release) and the intracavernous cavity must be longer than the prosthesis. The prosthesis does not alter the cavernous artery, but markedly flattens the venous plexus (lakes and efferent veins).

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
5' sequences of rubella virus RNA stimulate translation of chimeric RNAs and specifically interact with two host-encoded proteins

Sequences at the 5' and 3' ends of the rubella virus (RV) genomic RNA can potentially form stable stem-loop (SL) structures that are postulated to be involved in virus replication. We have analyzed the function of these putative SL structures in RNA translation by constructing chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) RNAs, flanked either by both 5'- and 3'-terminal sequence domains from the RV genome or several deletion derivatives of the same sequences. After in vitro transcription of chimeric RNAs, the translational efficiencies of these RNAs were compared by the rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system. For in vivo translation studies, the level of CAT activity was measured for chimeric RV/CAT RNAs expressed in transfected cells by the adenovirus major late promoter. Both in vivo and in vitro translation activities of the chimeric RNAs revealed that the presence of 5' and 3' SL sequences of RV RNA, in correct (+) orientation and context [5'(+)SL and 3'(+)SL, respectively] was necessary for efficient translation of chimeric RV/CAT RNAs. The presence of the RV 5'(+)SL sequence had the primary enhancing effect on translation. To identify host proteins which interact with the 5'(+)SL which may be involved in RV RNA translation, RNA gel-shift and UV cross-linking assays were employed. Two host proteins 59 and 52 kDa in size, present in cytosolic extracts from both uninfected and RV-infected cells, specifically interacted with the RV 5'(+)SL RNA. Direct binding comparisons between wild-type and mutant 5'(+)SL RNAs demonstrated that sequences in and around the bulge region of the terminal stem domain of this structure constituted a protein binding determinant. Human serum, qualified for anti-Ro/SS-A antigen specificity, immunoprecipitated 59- and 52-kDa protein-RNA complexes containing the RV 5'(+)SL RNA. However, poly- and monoclonal antisera raised against the recombinant 60- and 52-kDa Ro proteins failed to precipitate complexes containing the 5'(+)SL RNA. The identity of the proteins binding this RV cis-acting element remains to be determined; however, their role in RV translation is discussed.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development time, oviposition activity and onset of diapause in Culex tarsalis, Culex restuans and Culiseta inornata in southern Manitoba.

Development times and survival of immatures and reproductive diapause of adult females of Culex tarsalis, Cx. restuans and Culiseta inornata were investigated from hatching to adult emergence at 15, 20 and 25 degrees C in the laboratory and at natural temperatures and photoperiods in southern Manitoba. Based on patterns of oviposition in artificial pools operated from mid-April to the end of September and development time of the immature stages, 3 generations of Cx. tarsalis, Cx. restuans and Cs. inornata were possible in 1980 and 1981. In 1981, 70% of field-reared Cx. tarsalis females emerging in mid-August were in diapause. Field-reared Cx. restuans and Cs. inornata entered reproductive diapause 2-3 weeks later than Cx. tarsalis.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impulse antenna based non-uniform conical line

Background. Today it is important to design small-scale antennas that operate efficiently over a wide frequency range to create modern electronic systems. Such antennas will come in a number of useful applications in both modern telecommunications and radar systems for various purposes. It is known that the cutoff frequency depends on the antenna size so the task of miniaturizing the antenna can be considered as follows: for a given antenna size, you must create a design for which the cutoff frequency will be the lowest Objectives. The purpose of the work is to offer the design of a biconical antenna, which will provide efficient radiation of an electromagnetic wave at low frequencies. To analyze the dependence of the radiated power on the wavelength for various antenna configurations. Materials and methods. The paper investigates the modification of a biconical antenna, which is an irregular conical line with a dielectric. As a method of calculating radiation in the near zone of the antenna, the finite time difference method in the spherical coordinate system (spherical FDTD) which is adapted for the axially symmetric case is used. To calculate the fields in the far zone, we used the transition from the near zone to the far zone (Near to Far Transformation N2F) in the frequency domain. Results. The radiation of a biconical antenna in a pulsed mode is considered. The ordinary construction of a biconical antenna and its other construction (a “capacitive type” biconical antenna) are investigated. The emitted by the antenna power at different frequencies was investigated. Antenna radiation at low and high frequencies was analyzed. Conclusions. It is shown that in the antenna of the “capacitive type” the critical frequency of the modes decreases and their conversion to the dipole mode of free space is more efficient. It is shown that the biconical antenna of the “capacitive type” efficiently emits electromagnetic energy at low frequencies and it can be used to create small antennas.

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bitcoin option pricing: A market attention approach

A model is proposed for Bitcoin prices that takes into account market attention. Market attention, modeled by a mean-reverting Cox-Ingersoll-Ross processes, affects the volatility of Bitcoin returns, with some delay. The model is affine and tractable, with closed formulae for the conditional characteristic functions with respect to both the conventional and a delayed filtration. This leads to semi-closed formulae for European call and put prices. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure is provided, as well as a method for changing to a risk-neutral measure. The model compares very well against classical and attention-based models when tested on real data.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Cyclical scheduling for toll gate workers using 0-1 goal programming model

This research presents a 0-1 goal programming approach to build a cyclical scheduling for toll workers for every 30 days and is adapted to toll system scheduling in Malaysia. Currently, the staff scheduling is built manually by operation assistant where the operation assistant has to go through a very tedious process to complete the schedule every month. The manual scheduling requires a lot of time to be constructed as the schedule is not a cyclical scheduling and this process is being repeated every month. Thus this project will apply a 0-1 goal programming model to build a systematic schedule to improve the current manual method of scheduling with the consideration of the organization's policies and the staff preferences. This model is being tested using LINGO software where the result shows each staff has an equal percentage of total working days, total night shift, total day off which are 70%, 20% and 30% respectively. All of the organization's policies and the staffs' preferences also have been fully satisfied. The proposed model will be cycled for every 30 days to lessen the burden of the operation assistant while giving highest satisfaction and fairness to the staff as compared to the current manually develop schedule.

Topic: Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
TREND: Zillow. Zillow Real Estate Metrics: Median Home Value - Middle Tier Homes (yoy) | County: Los Angeles, 04/1997 - 12/2016. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 068-001-039

Zillow. Zillow Real Estate Metrics: Median Home Value - Middle Tier Homes (yoy) | County: Los Angeles, 04/1997 - 12/2016. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 068-001-039 Dataset: Presents the year-over-year percentage change in the median of Zillow's estimated market value of middle tier homes in the United States by geographic area. Middle tier homes are homes that fall into the middle third of home values within a given region. The estimated market value (termed a Zestimate®) is computed using a proprietary formula. Zillow® real estate metrics are based on its database of more than 100 million homes in the United States, including homes for sale, homes for rent and homes not currently on the market. Included in the dataset are estimated market value of homes and estimated prices of monthly rents, termed Zestimates®. All valuations are based on public records and user-submitted data and are calculated using a proprietary formula that takes into account property physical attributes, tax assessments, and prior and current transactions. Also included in the dataset are counts of homes for rent and for sale, list and sales prices, and metrics related to foreclosures. Currency and availability for subnational geographies may vary by indicator. The accuracy of Zillow metrics is dependent on the data received; estimates of accuracy for major metropolitan areas can be found at http://www.zillow.com/howto/DataCoverageZestimateAccuracy.htm . The data included in Data-Planet are provided courtesy of Zillow® Real Estate Research. http://www.zillowblog.com/research/data/#bulk Category: Housing and Construction Subject: Home Sales, Housing Market, Home Prices Source: Zillow Zillow is a home and real estate marketplace launched in 2006 that aims to assist homeowners, home buyers, sellers, renters, real estate agents, mortgage professionals, landlords and property managers locate and share information about homes, real estate and mortgages. Zillow uses a priority formula to estimate home and rental housing market value, termed a Zestimate, using its database of over 110 million homes in the United States. The Zestimate is calculated from public and user submitted data. http://www.zillow.com/

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences