jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Toxicological effects of functionalized Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Type II pneumocytes

Carbon black nanoparticle structures have been shown to influence the integrity of the respiratory tract, especially its surface functionalization is considered to structurally und functionally modulate the lung epithelia. To study the impact of functionalized carbon black nanoparticle surfaces a mouse model was established, applying the following particles by oropharyngeal aspiration: 9-nitroanthracen (NA) and benzo[a]pyren (BaP) functionalized and un-functionalized Printex®90 (7 µg), acetylene black with PAHs (7 and 15 µg) and DQ12 as positive control (7 µg). Saline as well as distilled water with and without BSA were used as controls. As readout lung function was measured after which lungs were excised for histological examinations or used to perform BAL and type II pneumocyte isolation. The grade of oxidative stress and inflammation was examined by changes in lung structure, BAL composition and type II pneumocyte metabolism. All Printex®90 functionalization's and acetylene black concentrations induced no lung injuries as evaluated by picrosirius red staining. However, acetylene black with PAHs (7 µg) provoked a reduced lung function compared to the saline control. Cell proliferation examined by immunohistology revealed elevated cell proliferations induced by Printex®90 in distilled water, BaP-CBNP and 15 µg acetylene black with PAHs respectively. Glutathione peroxidase 3 protein expressions and BAL protein and phospholipid measurements revealed no peculiarities. BAL cell profiles were influenced by treatments with Printex®90 suspended in distilled water with and without BSA and BaP-CBNP. The number of type II pneumocytes was significantly increased by 7 and 15 µg acetylene black with PAHs compared to the saline group. mRNA expression of diverse antioxidant enzymes, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, surfactant proteins and enzymes of the surfactant synthesis revealed strong deviations between all treatment groups. The short-term experiment results clearly show that small doses of surface functionalized carbon black nanoparticles only provoked marginal effects. We hypothesize long-term periods with repeated inhalations are necessary to induce marked alterations in the respiratory tract. Beside exposure time, nanoparticle dose and chemistry the particle size and the sort of vehicle are considered to be crucial.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recent advances in the management of amblyopia

Methods of detection and treatment of amblyopia as a developmental visual defect are reviewed. Traditional occlusion therapy is compared with recent therapy techniques using square-wave grating patterns as stimuli to increase visual sensitivity. Both methods can help manage amblyopia particularly during stages of early visual development. It is found that the grating pattern stimuli are not in themselves therapeutic, but rather it is probably occlusion in combination with demanding visual tasks which help reduce amblyopia.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analisa Peracangan Prototype Arsip Surat di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Madiun

Abstractâ€” The Madiun Environment Agency in the Field of EnvironmentalÂ Pollution Control has problems with archiving letters, managing incoming and outgoing letters in the Field of EnvironmentalÂ Damage Pollution Control still using a convental way which means that the filing of letters still uses the agenda book. It can cause damage to the agenda book and in archiving takes a long time. Mail archive information system will help make it easier for admins to manage mail archives quickly, precisely and efficiently. With the design of this prototype, it is expected that there will be no more problems in recording or managing incoming and outgoing letters at the Madiun Environment Agency. The purpose of this research is to analyze and design a prototype of The Mail Archive InformationÂ System, using unified modeling language (UML) system modeling methods. The system is designed with the feature of managing incoming mail data, managing outgoing mail data and managing incoming and outgoing mail data reports. The need to add features to print incoming and outgoing mail in order to be created for annualÂ reports in their respective fields. This prototype information system needs to be developed and implemented at the Madiun Environment Agency as a solution to the archives of incoming and outgoing mail.Â Keywordsâ€”: Archive; UML; Prototype; Analysis.

Topic: Edcuational Technology Systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hardware Acceleration Technologies in Computer Algebra: Challenges and Impact

The objective of high performance computing (HPC) is to ensure that the computational power of hardware resources is well utilized to solve a problem. Various techniques are usually employed to achieve this goal. Improvement of algorithm to reduce the number of arithmetic operations, modifications in accessing data or rearrangement of data in order to reduce memory traffic, code optimization at all levels, designing parallel algorithms to reduce span are some of the attractive areas that HPC researchers are working on. In this thesis, we investigate HPC techniques for the implementation of basic routines in computer algebra targeting hardware acceleration technologies. We start with a sorting algorithm and its application to sparse matrix-vector multiplication for which we focus on work on cache complexity issues. Since basic routines in computer algebra often provide a lot of fine grain parallelism, we then turn our attention to manycore architectures on which we consider dense polynomial and matrix operations ranging from plain to fast arithmetic. Most of these operations are combined within a bivariate system solver running entirely on a graphics processing unit (GPU).

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Influence of the Load Parasitics on the CM Conducted EMI of BLDC Motor Drives

This paper analyzes the influence of the load parasitics on the conducted electromagnetic emissions, especially on their common mode component. The analyses have been performed on a BLDC motor driver, switched with bipolar PWM. According to the final installation of both the electronic module and the load, the prescribed test setup for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements can vary. This modifies the parasitic element values and it can even worsen the emission level, when the load chassis is connected to the reference plane. In this paper, the effect of the load parasitic elements on the conducted emission is analyzed in details, and an equivalent model is derived and verified by simulation. Moreover, such simulations proved that the delay compensation technique can be used to counteract the EMI increase due to the load parasitics.

Topic: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Elastic Precursor Decay and Spallation in Nonporous Tungsten Carbide Ceramics

To identify the possible contribution of relaxation processes to the resistance against high-rate deformation, evolution of shock-compression waves in tungsten carbide (WC) ceramics manufactured by spark-plasma sintering at a maximum compressive stress of 27 GPa is measured. Strong elastic precursor decay upon changing the thickness of the samples from 0.15 to 4 mm is revealed. At maximum shock compressive stresses twice exceeding the Hugoniot elastic limit, a decrease in the spall strength value by about 30% from its value in the elastic region is recorded.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid in Gastrointestinal Cancer

With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Early Reoperation After Laparoscopic Fundoplication: The Importance of Routine Postoperative Contrast Studies

Abstract Background The necessity for routine postoperative contrast studies following laparoscopic fundoplication for either gastroesophageal reflux disease or paraesophageal hernia is unclear. Methods To determine whether a routine contrast X‐ray film influenced surgical decision making following laparoscopic fundoplication, we reviewed records from a prospective database of 1,894 patients who underwent a primary laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease or paraesophageal hernia between October 1991 and June 2008, and identified those who underwent early reoperation. The value of early routine postoperative barium swallow examinations in the management of these patients was then determined. Results The review showed that 53 patients (2.8%) underwent reoperative procedures within seven days of their original operation: 21 had originally undergone surgery for a paraesophageal hernia, and 32 for reflux. Of the 53 patients who underwent reoperaiton, 25 (47.2%) were treated for dysphagia, 17 (32.1%) for acute paraesophageal hernia, 6 (11.3%) for a gastrointestinal leak, and 5 (9.4%) for bleeding or peritonitis. Fifteen of the 17 patients who underwent repair of an acute hiatus hernia (0.8% of all patients) had no symptoms and underwent reoperative surgery because of radiological findings alone. Primary surgery for a large hiatus hernia was associated with a higher incidence of early reoperation (5.2 vs. 2.2%; P = 0.001). Conclusions Approximately 1 in 125 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for reflux or a large hiatus hernia had an important finding on an early postoperative contrast swallow, and benefited from this investigation by undergoing early reoperative intervention.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Parkin Interacts with the PDZ Domain of Multi-PDZ Domain Protein MUPP1

세포표면 수용체와 통로가 적절히 기능하려면 특정 세포 내 위치로 배치되고 조절되어야 한다. PSD95/Dlg/Zo-1 (PDZ) 도메인은 이러한 배치와 조절을 매개하는 다양한 단백질들을 인식하고 이 단백질들이 서로 결합하는데 관여한다. MUPP1은 13개의 PDZ domain을 가지는 단백질로서 여러 구조 단백질 및 신호전달 단백질과 상호 결합하지만, MUPP1이 어떻게 안정화되며, 어떻게 신호전달과정에 관여하는지에 대해 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 PDZ 도메인과 상호 작용하는 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용하였고, Parkin이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Parkin은 E3 ubiquitin ligase로서, Parkin 유전자의 기능상실 돌연변이는 autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Parkin은 MUPP1의 12번째 PDZ domain과 결합하지만, 다른 PDZ 도메인과는 결합하지 않았다. Parkin의 C-말단부위는 II 형 PDZ-결합모티프를 가지고 있는데, 이 모티프가 MUPP1과의 결합에 필수적임을 확인하였다. HEK-293T 세포에 MUPP1과 Parkin을 동시에 발현하여 발현위치를 확인한 결과 세포내의 같은 위치에서 발현하였다. 또한 Parkin은 MUPP1을 강하게 유비퀴틴화 하였다. 이러한 결과들은 MUPP1이 Parkin의 기질이며, Parkin에 의한 유비퀴틴화에 의해 MUPP1의 기능 혹은 안정성이 조절될 수 있음을 시사한다. The localization to specific subcellular sites and the regulation of cell surface receptors and channels are crucial for proper functioning. Postsynaptic density-95/Disks large/Zonula occludens-1 (PDZ)-domain is involved in recognition of and interaction between various proteins, by which the localization and the regulation are mediated. Multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1) contains 13 PDZ domains. MUPP1 serves a scaffolding function for structure proteins and signaling proteins, but the mechanism how MUPP1 is stabilized and signalized has not yet been elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with PDZ domains of MUPP1. We found an interaction between MUPP1 and Parkin. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Loss-of-function mutations of Parkin gene are known to cause an autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin bound to the <TEX>$12^{th}$</TEX> PDZ domain, but not to other PDZ domains of MUPP1. The C-terminal end of Parkin has a type II PDZ-association motif, which was essential for the interaction with MUPP1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, Parkin co-localized with MUPP1. When co-expressed with ubiquitin in HEK-293T cells, MUPP1 has been strongly ubiquitinated by Parkin. These findings collectively suggest that MUPP1 is a novel substrate of Parkin and its function or stability could be modulated by Parkin-mediated ubiquitination.

Topic: Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Determinants of job satisfaction in the it industry

Firm performance increases as workers' job satisfaction increases. Therefore, firms have a great interest in identifying the determinants of job satisfaction. To this end, this study conducts a survey to investigate the impact of IT professionals' demographic characteristics, work characteristics and work stress on job satisfaction. Five components of job satisfaction were revealed by principal component analysis, and variables affecting each job satisfaction component were determined by regression analysis.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diagnostic Business Cycles

A large psychology literature argues that, due to selective memory recall, decision-makers' forecasts of their future circumstances appear overly influenced by the new information embedded in their current circumstances.We adopt the diagnostic expectations (DE) paradigm (Bordalo et al. (2018)) to capture this feature of belief formation and develop the behavioral foundations for applying DE to business cycle models, while demonstrating its empirical relevance for aggregate dynamics.First, we address (i) the theoretical challenges associated with modeling the feedback between optimal actions and agents' DE beliefs and (ii) the timeinconsistencies that arise under distant memory.Second, we show that under distant memory the interaction between actions and DE beliefs naturally generate repeated boom-bust cycles in response to a single initial shock.Finally, we propose a portable solution method to study DE in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and use it to estimate a quantitative DE New Keynesian model.Both endogenous states and distant memory play a critical role in successfully replicating the boom-bust cycle observed in response to a monetary policy shock.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations with improved biomass through chemical mutagenesis for moisture stress tolerance

<title>Abstract</title> Background Wheat (<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L.<italic>)</italic> is member of Poaceae family and its productivity progressively declining due to increased drought stress, a phenomenon intensified by the ongoing effects of climate change. Mutation breeding emerges as a promising strategy for improving stress tolerance in crops. It enables the development of beneficial traits without altering the entire genetic makeup of the plant. This study aimed to develop a chemically mutagenized population of two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars, HD-3226 and HI-1620, to identify drought-tolerant lines through induced phenotypic variation. Methods Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA) are commonly used chemical mutagens known for their efficiency in inducing random point mutations. Mature seeds were treated with varying concentrations of EMS (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%) and sodium azide (SA; 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08%) during the 2020–2021 rabi season under water stress conditions at SVPUA&amp;T, Meerut, India. M<sub>1</sub> plants were initially screened using a 15% PEG solution, and promising lines were further evaluated in the M<sub>2</sub> generation under drought (three irrigations) and control (five irrigations) conditions in the field. Results The M<sub>2</sub> population exhibited diverse morphological mutations, particularly in plant height, tiller number, and spike traits. While EMS generally reduced plant height, SA, especially at 0.04%, increased it, most notably in HD-3226. Under stress, SA treatments sustained better tiller production and biological yield, with EMS 0.25% showing optimal performance in HI-1620, indicating genotype-specific mutagen sensitivity. Flag leaf length and area, crucial for photosynthetic efficiency, were better maintained under SA treatments, particularly at 0.02% and 0.04%. Although drought reduced spike traits and grain yield, some M<sub>2</sub> lines recovered these characteristics, with SA 0.02% showing the most stable effects. Additionally, phenological delays were more pronounced in HI-1620, whereas HD-3226 showed later maturity under stress. Conclusions Higher doses of EMS negatively impacted yield components, while lower SA concentrations mitigated drought-related losses. Overall, SA at lower concentrations proved more effective than EMS in enhancing drought resilience and agronomic performance. The generated mutant lines offer valuable genetic variability for breeding drought-tolerant wheat suited for water-limited environments. This approach not only facilitates functional genomic studies but also enhances genetic diversity, offering a valuable supplement to traditional breeding techniques.

Topic: Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Successful Approach to Diagnosing Shiga-like Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli-Induced Colitis

Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a well-known cause of foodborne acute diarrheic diseases, especially in children and the elderly. The potentially fatal complications associated with toxin production range from bloody diarrhea and ischemic colitis to kidney failure, hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), and colon perforation. Here, we describe a case and literature review of STEC-induced colitis, highlighting the clinical features and the necessary tools for the best diagnostic approach and management. Facing challenging differential diagnosis, ranging from ischemic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease to infectious processes due to a pathogenic or opportunistic agent, we conducted a step-by-step exploration. Following bacteriological investigation, imagistic screening, and colonoscopy, we ruled out some of the initial suppositions and reached a final diagnosis, while also considering the pathological results. Although antibiotics are not indicated in this pathology, our patient did receive antibiotics, given the risk of translocation and colon perforation, without any associated complications such as HUS or peritonitis. Detailed and rigorous investigations conducted by a multi-specialty team are required for prompt medical support. Coping with the symptoms and refraining from further complications are the mainstem aims of treatment.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bombyliidae Latreille 1802

Identification key to the subfamilies of Bombyliidae recorded in China. 1 Postcranium flat or tumid, without concavity surrounding occipital foramen ....................................... 2 - Postcranium with deep or shallow concavity surrounding occipital foramen....................................... 7 2 R 4+5 unbranched; palps absent or minute; abdominal spiracles located in tergites; very small, 1–5 mm ..... Mythicomyiinae - R 4+5 branched; palps present and most often large; abdominal spiracles in pleural membrane........................ ... 3 3 M 2 absent........................................................................................... 4 - M 2 present.......................................................................................... 5 4 Flagellum with subapical sulcus containing a style..................................................... Usiinae - Flagellum without a subapical sulcus ............................................................ Toxophorinae 5 Flagellum with an apical sulcus containing a style................................................... Phthiriinae - Flagellum lacking an apical sulcus ........................................................................ 6 6 Body slender, abdomen elongate, slender and slightly tapering towards apex; vein dm-cu strongly curved; flagellum onesegmented; acanthophorite spines apically expanded..................................... Ecliminae (new to China) - Body broad, abdomen not elongated, stout and strongly tapering towards apex; if body slender and vein dm-cu strongly curved, then flagellum three-segmented; acanthophorite spines apically narrowed, sometimes absent............... Bombyliinae 7 Clypeus reaching base of antennae.................................................. Lomatiinae (new to China) - Clypeus not reaching base of antennae........................................................... Anthracinae

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences