jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Threat Intelligence Analytical Software

KTP № 11598 was a public-private research partnership between Lancaster University and Mitigate Cyber that ran from August 2019–March 2021, part-funded by Innovate UK. The goal of the partnership was to design and implement a novel IT threat intelligence analysis and quantitative risk calculation tool that would integrate into Mitigate Cyber’s existing SaaSS platform.

Topic: Information and Cyber Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Reading Frame 1 of the Norwalk-Like Virus Camberwell: Completion of Sequence and Expression in Mammalian Cells

ABSTRACT The ORF1 sequence was determined for Camberwell virus, a genogroup 2 Norwalk-like virus, completing the full genome of 7,555 nucleotides. ORF1 cDNA was cloned into a simian virus 40-based expression vector, and the viral proteins synthesized following transfection into COS cells were analyzed. By using antisera directed against the helicase, protease, or polymerase regions, eight polypeptides ranging in size from 19 to 117 kDa were detected by radioimmunoprecipitation. The cleavage sites determining the amino and carboxy termini of the 3C-like protease were identified at E 1008 /A and E 1189 /G, respectively.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluorinated Building Blocks. The Discovery of a Stable Difluoroallenyl Indium and the Synthesis of <i>gem</i>-Difluoroallenyl and -propargyl Synthons in Aqueous Media.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionFluorinated Building Blocks. The Discovery of a Stable Difluoroallenyl Indium and the Synthesis of gem-Difluoroallenyl and -propargyl Synthons in Aqueous Media.ZhiGang Wang and Gerald B. HammondCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 24, 8406Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2000Publication History Published online3 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo004010uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo004010ucorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (11 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of top-down attention on empathy fatigue

Abstract Prolonged exposure to others’ suffering can lead to empathy fatigue, especially when individuals struggle to effectively regulate their empathic capacity. Shifting active attention away from emotional components toward cognitive components of others’ suffering is an effective strategy for mitigating empathy fatigue. This research investigated how top-down attentional manipulation modulates empathy fatigue in both auditory (Study 1) and visual (Study 2) modalities. Participants completed two tasks in both studies: (i) the attention to cognitive empathy task (A-C task) and (ii) the attention to emotional empathy task (A-E task). Each task included three blocks (Time Block 1, Time Block 2, and Time Block 3) designed to induce empathy fatigue. Study 1 revealed that the A-C task reduced empathy fatigue and N1 amplitudes than the A-E task in Time Block 3, indicating that attention to cognitive empathy might decrease auditory empathy fatigue. Study 2 indicates that the A-C task caused a longer N2 latency than the A-E task, signifying a decelerated emotional empathic response when attention was on cognitive empathy in the visual modality. Overall, prioritizing cognitive empathy seems to conserve mental resources and reduce empathy fatigue. This research documented the relationship between top-down attention and empathy fatigue and the possible neural mechanism.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Sn<sub>4.4</sub>Mo<sub>24</sub>O<sub>38</sub>.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A frequency-domain formulation of the Fréchet derivative to exploit the inherent parallelism of the distorted Born iterative method

With its consideration for nonlinear scattering phenomena, the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is known to provide images superior to those of linear tomographic methods. However, the complexity involved with the production of superior images has prevented DBIM from overtaking simpler imaging schemes in commercial applications. The iterative process and need to solve the forward-scattering problem multiple times make DBIM a slow algorithm compared to diffraction tomography. Fortunately, as computer prices continue to decline, it is becoming easier to assemble large, distributed computer clusters from low-cost personal computer systems. These are well-suited to DBIM inversions, and offer great promise in accelerating the method. Traditional frequency-domain DBIM formulations produce an image by inverting the Fréchet derivative. If the derivative is treated as a matrix, it is costly to construct and awkward to invert on distributed computer systems. This paper presents an interpretation of the Fŕchet derivative that is ideal for parallel-computing applications. As a bonus, this formulation reduces the storage requirements of DBIM implementations, making it possible to invert larger problems on a fixed system. © 2006 Taylor &amp; Francis.

Topic: Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the chest wall in a patient with chronic empyema

慢性膿胸腔に扁平上皮癌が発生した稀な1例を経験した．症例は75歳の男性，16年前に慢性膿胸にて開窓術を前医で施行された．その後開窓部の処置を継続していたが，開窓部の混濁した浸出液が増加，開窓部背側胸痛が出現したため，当院を紹介受診した．CTにて肋骨破壊を伴う膿胸開窓部の胸壁腫瘍を認め，CTガイド下生検にて扁平上皮癌の病理診断を得た．慢性膿胸に合併した胸壁扁平上皮癌と診断し，放射線照射にて治療を行った．慢性膿胸関連悪性腫瘍の多くは悪性リンパ腫であるが，約20％に扁平上皮癌の合併が報告されている．今回16年の経過を経て慢性膿胸腔に扁平上皮癌が発生した症例を経験したので報告する．

Topic: Salivary Gland Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electron spin resonance studies of radicals derived from dithionate, tetrathionate, and thiosulphate anions

Exposure of sodium dithionate to 60Co γ-rays at 77 K gives a centre having hyperfine coupling to 33S (A∥= 165 G, A⊥= 135 G) which is thought to be the primary electron-capture centre [S2O6]3– having the extra electron confined to the S–S σ* orbital. This assignment is supported by the observation that 33S features characteristic of [33SO3]– radicals grew in as those assigned to [S2O6]3– anions were lost on annealing. The major electron-loss centre is identified as the hydroxyl radical formed from hydrate water molecules. Sodium thiosulphate gives a radical having a large isotropic hyperfine coupling to 33S. This centre, previously thought to be [S2O3]–, is now identified as [S2O3]3–. In anhydrous Na2[S2O3] this centre exhibits hyperfine coupling to 23Na. This salt and K2[S2O3]·5H2O give a new species having one very high g value, identified as [S2O3]–. Two sets of 33S features are obtained from [S2O6]3– suggesting an asymmetric environment. In accord with this, two slightly different [˙SO3]– radicals are obtained on annealing. The anion [O3SS–SSO3]3– is a primary product in irradiated sodium tetrathionate, but is not detected in thiosulphate even after annealing. A second centre formed from tetrathionate exhibits a large g value variation and extra hyperfine coupling to 23Na.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Bi- or trinuclear 2-iodobenzoate complexes of Znii: crystal structures and luminescence

Reactions of zinc nitrate with 2-iodobenzoic acid (2-IBA) and different pyridines result in binuclear Znii carboxylate complexes [Zn2(2-IBA)4L2], where L = Py, 3-MePy and 3,5-Me2Py, while in the case of 2,4,6-Me3Py, trinuclear (2,4,6-Me3PyH)2[Zn3(2-IBA)6(OH)2] is formed.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cistercian Financial Organisation, 1335–1392

Fourteenth-century records give a depressing picture of the finances of the Cistercian Order. In 1338, for instance, the Chapter General stated that the Order was heavily in debt at the papal curia and in the fairs of Champagne, and that its income was not sufficient to meet all its obligations. Its immunity from papal and royal taxation had been largely eroded in the thirteenth century. During the Avignon period the popes levied frequent property taxes from the Church in France, and by an arrangement with the French monarchy, the lion's share of the profits went to the king. In this way Philip VI obtained money from the Church during the Hundred Years’ War. The premier abbeys of the Cistercian Order, and its other houses within the kingdom, were not exempt from these exactions, and no doubt shared the distress of the French clergy. In 1362 Urban V refused to levy another property tax from the Church in France, on the grounds that it had paid more than enough.

Topic: Medieval and Early Modern Justice
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA

Case Reports1 October 1942FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIAA. C. WOOFTER, M.D., F.A.C.P., B. S. PARKS, M.D.A. C. WOOFTER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, B. S. PARKS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-17-4-744 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1861 Nicolaus Friedreich first described a primary hereditary spinal cord disease which caused progressive ataxia of first the legs and then the arms, but without paralysis of the sphincters or disturbance of the senses. He correctly assigned the major pathologic lesions to the region of the posterior and lateral columns, designating it a chronic degenerative atrophy, but thought it closely related to tabes dorsalis, a belief which was later disproved. Following this several similar cases were reported and later many variations from the usual type were described, such as those in which cerebellar involvement predominated, a form now classed...Refererences1. BOYD W: Pathology of internal diseases, 1931, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. CECIL RL: A textbook of medicine, 1939, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar3. STENGEL A: A textbook of pathology, 1912, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar4. WECHSLER IS: Textbook of clinical neurology, 1939, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar5. OSLER W: Principles and practice of medicine, 1938, D. Appleton-Century Co., New York. Google Scholar6. MORSE JL: Clinical pediatrics, 1926, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar7. BLUMER G: Bedside diagnosis, 1928, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar8. STRÜMPELSEYFARTHMARSHALLOTTLEY : A practice of medicine, 1931, F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar9. STARR MA: Organic and functional nervous diseases, 1913, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Google Scholar10. ABT IA: Pediatrics, 1925, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar11. ALBUTT TC: System of medicine, vol. vii, 1931, Macmillan Co., New York. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Parkersburg, West Virginia*Received for publication October 23, 1937.†Deceased. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1942Volume 17, Issue 4Page: 744-750KeywordsAtaxiaAtrophyGenetic diseasesLesionsParalysisProgressive diseasesSpinal cord Issue Published: 1 October 1942 PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Neurology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
AIAA 2003-3195 Performance Analysis of a Cost-Effective Electret Condenser Microphone Directional Array

Abstract Microphone directional array technologycontinues to be a critical part of the overallinstrumentation suite for experimentalaeroacoustics. Unfortunately, high sensor costremains one of the limiting factors in theconstruction of very high-density arrays (i.e.,arrays containing several hundred channels ormore) which could be used to implementadvanced beamforming algorithms. In an effortto reduce the implementation cost of such arrays,the authors have undertaken a systematicperformance analysis of a prototype35-microphone array populated with commercialelectret condenser microphones. An ensemble ofmicrophones coupling commercially availableelectret cartridges with passive signalconditioning circuitry was fabricated for use withthe Langley Large Aperture Directional Array(LADA). A performance analysis consisting ofthree phases was then performed:(1) characterize the acoustic response of themicrophones via laboratory testing andcalibration, (2) evaluate the beamformingcapability of the electret-based LADA using aseries of independently controlled point sourcesin an anechoic environment, and (3) demonstratethe utility of an electret-based directional array ina real-world application, in this case a cold flowjet operating at high subsonic velocities. Theresults of the investigation revealed amicrophone frequency response suitable fordirectional array use over a range of250 Hz - 40 kHz, a successful beamformingevaluation using the electret-populated LADA tomeasure simple point sources at frequencies upto 20 kHz, and a successful demonstration usingthe array to measure noise generated by the coldflow jet. This paper presents an overview of thetests conducted along with sample data obtainedfrom those tests.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic Architecture of Testis and Seminal Vesicle Weights in Mice

Abstract Comparisons across 13 inbred strains of laboratory mice for reproductive organ (paired seminal vesicles and paired testes) weights indicated a very marked contrast between the C57BL/6By and NZB/BINJ mice. Subsequently these strains were selected to perform a quantitative genetic analysis and full genome scan for seminal vesicle and testis weights. An F2 population was generated. The quantitative genetic analyses indicated that each was linked to several genes. Sixty-six short sequences for length polymorphism were used as markers in the wide genome scan strategy. For weight of paired testes, heritability was 82.3% of the total variance and five QTL contributed to 72.8% of the total variance. Three reached a highly significant threshold (&amp;gt;4.5) and were mapped on chromosome X (LOD score 9.11), chromosome 4 (LOD score 5.96), chromosome 10 (LOD score 5.81); two QTL were suggested: chromosome 13 (LOD score 3.10) and chromosome 18 (LOD score 2.80). Heritability for weight of seminal vesicles was 50.7%. One QTL was mapped on chromosome 4 (LOD score 9.21) and contributed to 24.2% of the total variance. The distance of this QTL to the centromere encompassed the distance of the QTL linked with testicular weight on chromosome 4, suggesting common genetic mechanisms as expected from correlations in the F2. Both testis and seminal vesicle weights were associated with a reduction in the NZB/BINJ when this strain carried the YNPAR from CBA/H whereas the YNPAR from NZB/BINJ in the CBA/H strain did not modify reproductive organ weights, indicating that the YNPAR interacts with the non-YNPAR genes. The effects generated by this chromosomal region were significant but small in size.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A review of statistical methods in projecting diabetes prevalence

Introduction: NCDs pose a growing health challenge in Africa and compounded by the burden of communicable disease. There is an increased prevalence of prediabetes with 25% of them progressing to type 2 diabetes. We sought out to determine the prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes and evaluate the predictors of prediabetes in adults in Kenya. Methods: Using the WHO Stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance, a population-based, nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2015 on participants aged 18u201369 years. A multi-stage cluster sample design and weighting were used. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting blood glucose of 6.1 mmol/l to less than 7 mmol/l while diabetes was defined as impaired fasting blood glucose of 7 mmol/l or more. We assessed the prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes and univariate analysis was done. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of prediabetes and diabetes. Results: A total of 4163 respondents, prevalence of 7% are prediabetes and 2% for diabetes. For prediabetes and diabetes females were 59% and 66% respectively. Age group of 18 u2013 29 years had 32% being prediabetes. The rural respondents had 62% prediabetes and 45% had education level of secondary and above. Of the diabetics 91% had their blood sugars out of control.). Multivariate analysis age groups of 50-59 (aOR 2.9, CI=2.03, 4.19), daily alcohol consumption (aOR 2.94, CI=1.53, 5.65) and obesity (aOR 2.55, CI=1.72, 3.77) remained independent significant predictors associated with prediabetes. For diabetes the multivariate analysis age groups of 50-59 (aOR 16.09, CI=6.93, 37.38), fourth wealth band (aOR 2.59, CI=1.14, 5.91) and overweight (aOR 1.96, CI=1.05, 3.63) remained independent significant predictors. Conclusion: Kenyan adults have a high prevalence of prediabetes, majority of the cases are females and reside in rural areas. Prominent predictors are daily alcohol consumption, overweight and central obesity. It is recommended that primary healthcare approaches for essential care for NCDs to promote healthy lifestyles, early detection, treatment and control.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Policy Change and Partisan Politics: Understanding Family Policy Differentiation in Two Similar Countries

Abstract This article looks at how different electoral competition dynamics can result in differentiated party positioning on childcare and family policy. Italy and Spain are compared using a most similar case design. The presence of women in politics, the socioeconomic profiles of the voters of the two main left-wing and right-wing Italian and Spanish parties, and opinions on traditional norms of motherhood explain different policy trajectories and higher incentives for the conservative party in Spain to converge toward the social democratic party in more progressive views of family policy.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Working with learners with emotional and behavioural difficulties in an ordinary school : a case study of one secondary school in the Ohangwena educational region, Namibia

Abstract\nThe majority of learners with emotional and behavioural difficulties sit in ordinary educational classrooms, undetected by their teachers. Although the new education system has provided an opportunity for all children to receive education in the least restrictive environment, the skills and training of teachers fail to address the real needs of the learners. Learners with disabilities have the right to be educated in unrestrictive and appropriate environments. The movement towards a less restrictive environment is not only a school issue, but a social one with the ultimate goal of having individuals with all types of disabilities living, working and being educated in their own communities. For this reason it is very important that the schools adjust to serve all learners. If they do not make these changes, they are doing harm to all of our children. \n\nThe main purpose of this study is to achieve a better understanding of how teachers work with children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in one secondary school in the Ohangwena Educational Region of Namibia. The study followed a qualitative approach with a case study design to collect in-depth information. Data was collected by means of interviews, with an interview guide as instrument. As a result of purposeful sampling, the study consisted of four informants who were teachers from one secondary school.\n\nThe results from the study indicate that the teachers who were interviewed were able to identify and work with children with emotional and behavioural difficulties, but some weakness has been detected in the link with parents and the community. \n\nWith the move towards greater inclusion and the provision of instruction in the general education curriculum, there is an increased need for general education teachers to be knowledgeable about effectively educating students with emotional and behavioural difficulties. It is essential that teachers education programmes train general educators to work with the increasingly diverse populations in their classrooms (including students with varying disabilities and abilities). This will enable teachers to identify and understand the real needs, dynamics and practical problems of the learners they are working with. Collaboration between teachers, parents and communities is a key element in ensuring success for many learners with emotional and behavioural difficulties, therefore I would like to use this opportunity to suggest that schools should try all possible means to enhance good co-operation with all stakeholders.

Topic: Educational and Psychological Assessments
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences