jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 antigen tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect countries worldwide. To inhibit the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), testing of patients, contact tracing, and quarantine of their close contacts have been used as major nonpharmaceutical interventions. The advantages of antigen tests, such as low cost and rapid turnaround, may allow for the rapid identification of larger numbers of infectious persons. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central databases from inception to January 2, 2021. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 with reference standards were included. We included studies that provided sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. Only articles in English were reviewed. Summary sensitivity and specificity for antigen tests were generated using a random-effects model. Results: Fourteen studies with 8624 participants were included. The meta-analysis for antigen testing generated a pooled sensitivity of 79% (95% CI, 66%-88%; 14 studies, 8624 patients) and a pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%; 14 studies, 8624 patients). The subgroup analysis of studies that reported specimen collection within 7 days after symptom onset showed a pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 78%-99%; four studies, 1342 patients) and pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%; four studies, 1342 patients). Regarding the applicability, the patient selection, index tests, and reference standards of studies in our meta-analysis matched the review title. Conclusion: Antigen tests have moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Antigen tests might have a higher sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 within 7 days after symptom onset. Based on our findings, antigen testing might be an effective method for identifying contagious individuals to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ajayi Crowther University 2022/2023 Direct Entry out Contact the  Admin On O8O67046209

The Ajayi Crowther&amp;nbsp;University (ACU) invites applications from suitably qualified candidates&amp;nbsp;Contact the &amp;nbsp;Admin On O8O67046209&amp;nbsp; for admission into its various undergraduate programmes for the 2022/2023 academic session.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Quasi-symmetric angular spin Hall effect of a circularly polarized beam reflected from air-gold interface

The quasi-symmetric angular spin Hall effect (ASHE) of a circularly polarized beam is revealed. The result could be applied potentially to nanoprobing and edge-enhanced imaging.

Topic: Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Radium behaviour during ferric oxi-hydroxides ageing

\n \nIn uranium mill tailings, oxides and oxi-hydroxides are responsible of about 70% of the radium immobilization, half being associated to amorphous forms (mainly iron and manganese oxides/oxi-hydroxides). With time, crystallization of these amorphous forms can occur, inducing a redistribution of radium between solids and solution. If the amount of mobile radium increases, the impact of these tailings on the environment may become significant. \nThe aim of this study is to determine the amount of 226Ra released in solution during the crystallization process of hydrous ferric oxi-hydroxide (HFO) containing 226Ra. A reproducible co-precipitation procedure is developed. The transformation of Ra-HFO co-precipitate in crystallized forms (goethite, hematite, ...) is studied by ageing amorphous solids at 40$^{\\circ}$C in different solutions.\nAfter co-precipitation, about 20% of the initial 226Ra present in solution is associated to amorphous HFO. At 40$^{\\circ}$C, whatever the solution composition (MES or NaClO4), the solid evolution is very slow and, after 3-5 months, no significant amount of crystalline form is noticeable. Simultaneously, the amount of 226Ra present in solution is constant in MES and NaClO4 medium. In comparison, 226Ra sorption shows off inclusion of 226Ra in Ra-HFO precipitate.\n\n

Topic: Radioactive element chemistry and processing
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diagnostic Testing of Finite Moment Conditions for the Consistency and Root-N Asymptotic Normality of the GMM and M Estimators

Common econometric analyses based on point estimates, standard errors, and confidence intervals presume the consistency and the root-n asymptotic normality of the GMM or M estimators. However, their key assumptions that data entail finite moments may not be always satisfied in applications. This article proposes a method of diagnostic testing for these key assumptions with applications to both simulated and real datasets.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
ОКАЗІОНАЛІЗМИ ЯК ОСНОВА СИНЕРГЕТИКИ ІДІОСТИЛЮ МИКОЛИ ВІНГРАНОВСЬКОГО

The systematization and classification of neolexemes in Mykola Vingranovkyi’s poetry prove that the author used them for creating his own literary idiostyle. Among such kinds of words, the most widespread are formed by compounding the stems. The other variants of the poet’s words are formed by suffixation and also prefixal-suffixal derivatives. Much less common is to find neologisms formed by only prefixation. In the article, the researcher studies different types of occasional lexemes, analysis of which had been based on the aforementioned classification. In this case, the writer’s position is very important. The author shows how the psychoanalytical aspect of the poet’s outlook is present in his linguistic presentation of the world.

Topic: Literature, Language, and Rhetoric Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Removing the Invisible Barrier to Medical Resources for Individuals with Leprous Histories: Report from a Communitybased Clinic in Japan

Japan has long had a Leprosy Prevention Law.The experience of compulsory segregation often damaged patients' selfesteem, causing most to break off their family relations.Even after their disease was cured, individuals with a history of leprosy were made to live in a restricted society.When sick, these individuals often don't want to visit a clinic because they fear disclosure of their leprous history.We set up our clinic to serve as a gateway to medical resources for these individuals, through collaboration with medical social workers.We have several medical specialists, one of whom has many years of experience in working with patients with leprosy.Our clinic actively manages 54 patients, with 2 deaths to date.The average age of the 52 living patients is 78.4 (62-99) years old.Majority of the patients had lepromatous leprosy (LL), followed by borderline leprosy.The disability rates for upper-and lower-extremities and lateral part of the eyes are very high.Patient's biggest complaints tend to focus on problems caused by their anesthetic skin and physical deformities.Other concerns center around the possibility of leprosy relapses and refractory neuralgia.Our patients exhibit various diseases that are found in elderly people.Three cases presented with active signs of leprosy, and one with relapsed LL.We should always consider the possibility of leprosy recurrence.Most of our patients are now entering the final stages of their lives.Thus, our focus should be on creating better surroundings for these individuals while welcoming them back into the community and removing their fears of societal rejection.The cooperation of medical institute where we refer our patients has accelerated our activities.In addition, we appreciate the cooperation and understanding we have received from the community.

Topic: Leprosy Research and Treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Pulmonary disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All parts of the hospital system are expected to be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infected patients in the coming years. Many different processes cause pulmonary disease alone or in combination. Bilateral interstitial infiltrates are the most frequent chest x-ray abnormality and are most frequently caused by infection with Pneumocystis carinii. Cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma are the most important parts of the differential diagnosis. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in this patient population is indicated in order to provide optimal care and assess new therapies.

Topic: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Rewari meteorite

Summary The meteorite was an oriented polyhedron, which broke up into at least two parts after entry into the Earth's atmosphere. It has undergone some degree of terrestrial weathering. A cut surface of the meteorite shows light-grey interior with sporadic rusty-brown patches and a distinct brown alteration zone close to the fusion crust. Weathering has resulted in preferential replacement of NiFe by limonite, and veining of minerals by goethite. Rewari is an equilibrated chondrite with rare ghosts of chondrules and at least one lithic fragment. Composition of olivine, as indicated by microprobe analysis is Fa 23 , which agrees well with bulk wet chemical analysis; that indicated by d 130 is Fa 18–20 . From the outer surface inwards, four petrographic zones can be distinguished in the meteorite: a skin, about 0.01 mm thick, a troilite-poor zone slightly thicker than the skin, a troilite-rich ‘soaking zone’, about 0.5–0.6 mm thick, and a relatively coarse-grained interior. These are described in detail. The interior of the meteorite is composed of relatively coarse-grained crystalline silicates with disseminated metallic minerals including plessitic and zoned inter-growths of kamacite and taenite. The matrix shows a high degree of integration with the chondrules. The coarse texture and zonation of taenite may be the result of protracted heat treatment responsible for recrystallization. The constituent grains show considerable shock effects such as fracturing, comminution, veins of shock-melted pseudotachylite, pressure twinning, and undulose extinction. Chemical composition (mean of two wet chemical analysis) of the meteorite is: metallic Fe 7.475, Ni 0.975, Co 0.045; as sulphide Fe 3.200, Ni 0.090, Co &lt; 0.01; SiO 2 38.060, TiO 2 0.10, Al 2 O 3 2.34, Fe 2 O 3 0.175, Cr 2 O 3 0.485, FeO 13.950, MnO 0.210, NiO trace, CaO 1.875, MgO 26.265, Na 2 O 0.89, K 2 O 0.115, P 2 O 5 0.285, H 2 O− 0.295, H 2 O+ 0.81, CO 2 trace, S (total) 1.890, C (total) 0.19 per cent. The chemistry, mineralogy, and texture show that the Rewari meteorite is an L6 chondrite. Compared to average L-group chondrite it has a higher content of MgO and lower of SiO 2 , a little lower oxidation state, and tends to be enriched in siderophilic elements.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tunable Strategies Involving Flexibility and Angularity of Dual Linkers for a 3D Metal–Organic Framework Capable of Multimedia Iodine Capture

The widespread use of nuclear power poses severe health and environmental risks owing to the nonregulated release and disposal of radioactive wastes in the environment. Among these wastes, the capture and removal of radioactive iodine poses a big challenge. To develop a novel material for capturing molecular iodine, we have strategically synthesized a nitrogen-rich three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF), {[Mn<sub>2</sub>(oxdz)<sub>2</sub>(tpbn)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH}<i><sub>n</sub></i> (<b>1</b>), utilizing a bent heterocyclic dicarboxylate linker (H<sub>2</sub>oxdz: (4,4'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)dibenzoic acid)) and a flexible bis(tridentate) ligand (tpbn: <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>', <i>N</i>″, <i>N</i>‴-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane). Based on its single-crystal structure, <b>1</b> is an eightfold interpenetrated 3D framework, consisting of a unique 4-connected {Mn<sub>2</sub>(tpbn)} subunit, in which the pores line up with the nitrogen atoms of the oxadiazole moiety. This can be considered as a big leap for the development of 3D MOFs using flexible bis(tridentate) ligands. To emphasize the role of the flexible methylene chain length in such ligand in the dimensionality of the resultant framework, the tphn (<i>N</i>, <i>N</i>', <i>N</i>″, <i>N</i>‴-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-diaminohexane) ligand with two additional methylene groups provides a one-dimensional (1D) CP {[Mn<sub>2</sub>(oxdz)<sub>2</sub>(tphn)(H<sub>2</sub>O)]·CH<sub>3</sub>OH}<i><sub>n</sub></i> (<b>2</b>). This spacer chain lengthening has a profound effect on the coordination of such ligand with Mn(II), further affecting the binding of oxdz. The inherent polarizable nature of the oxadiazole moiety and the presence of permanent pore of dimensions (19.122 × 19.253 Å<sup>2</sup>) in <b>1</b> have been exploited for the capture/removal of iodine not only from vapor and an organic solution but also from an aqueous media. It exhibits competent 100% reversible sorption of iodine with an uptake capacity of (1.1 ± 0.05) g/g of <b>1</b>. The uptake value has been corroborated by both gravimetric and titrimetric analyses. The interaction of iodine with <b>1</b> has been notably studied with molecular simulations, kinetic models of sorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Moreover, <b>1</b> is highly stable and is recyclable without much loss of sorption capability up to five cycles.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Liberal Women in Rhodesia: A Report on the Mitchell Papers, University of Cape Town

The Mitchell collection at the Manuscripts and Archives Department of The University of Cape Town (UCT) consists of the papers of Diana Mary Mitchell, a leading white Rhodesian liberal in the 1960s and 1970s as well as private papers of some other politically active Rhodesians, such as Morris Hirsch, Pat Bashford and Allan Savory. This report presents the Mitchell collection as an instrument to investigate issues of agency by liberal White Rhodesian women in the period 1950-1980, thus aiming to counter some dominant trends in the historiography of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. Diana Mitchell was born in Salisbury, Rhodesia, in 1932. Her father was a merchant marine officer and her mother was originally from Australia. She attended Eveline High School in Bulawayo and with financial help from her mother she completed a BA in History at Cape Town University in 1953. Before entering formal party politics, Mitchell ran a “backyard school” which provided schooling for African children who otherwise would have had no access to education. After the announcement of the illegal Declaration of Independence (UDI), in 1965 the Rhodesian Front (RF) closed such schools and Mitchell charges this move as being “the key to my activism.” While Mitchell acknowledges that she “worked voluntarily because I could afford to, my husband was the breadwinner […] so I could afford to be this so called ‘liberal’ because of my standard of living,” she became heavily involved in parliamentary politics and was one of the founding members of the Centre Party (CP).

Topic: African studies and sociopolitical issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
DUALFREQUENCYWIDEBAND CUSPANTENNA FEDBY COPLANARWAVEGUIDE

Inthis paper, adualfrequency widebandcuspantenna isforthefirst timeintroduced. The antenna isdesigned tooperate inbothX-andKu-bandsaround 9.66GHzand14.83 GHz, respectively. Theproposed antenna hasbeenanalyzed boththeoretically andexperimentally. The return loss andtheradiation patterns arepresented anddiscussed. Thecuspantenna hasawide bandbehavior around bothoperating frequencies. Ithasadipole like radiation pattern which makesitsuitable forphased arrays.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Fantasy of Embodiment: Afrofuturism, Cosplay and the Afrodiaspora

Cosplay, or costume play, refers to the act of dressing up as characters from Japanese manga and anime, television, film, comics, cartoons and video games. Costumes are infused with the imaginative power capable of transporting cosplayers into different realms of existence. Cosplayers step into the narratives of the characters that they dress up as. For people of colour (POC), most especially those who belong to the Afrodiasporic community, cosplay can be understood as a social experiment that creates a discursive space to play with preconceived racial stereotypes. Commonly, cosplay is described as being an expressive realm to show passion for a fandom, but by melding cosplay subculture with Afrofuturist theories on play, the power of the imagination, and the creation of alternative systems of being and belonging, it can be conceptualized as a tool that possesses the capability to (re)signify and (re)present blackness by encouraging cosplayers to take control of self-visualization. Along with building from the theoretical framings of Afrofuturism, this project makes use of interviews with Afrofuturist scholars and artists, as well as cosplay participants to interrogate the relationship between cosplay and authentic visual representation. This work culminates in a research-creation project that depicts a visual and interactive guide that expounds on how conceiving cosplay, as an Afrofuturist tool, can encourage a desire to play with embodiment to create new narratives that allow for greater expression from and for racialized cosplayers.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the Effect of Various Cementation Protocols Used for 10% Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Glass Ceramic Veneer on Shear Bond Strength to Resin Cement (An In Vitro Study)

Bonding failure between ceramic restoration and cement dramatically influences the success of resin-bonded ceramic restoration. This study evaluates the influence of various fitting surface treatments of 10% zirconia-reinforced lithium glass ceramic (ZLS) on its shear bonding strength to resin cement. Sixty blocks sized 8 × 8 × 2 mm3 were cut from a ZLS. All specimens were fired for 10 min and separated into six groups according to surface treatment: GI (Without treatment), GII (10% HF acid, Ultra Sound water bath US, and silane coupling agent S), GIII (HF, US, S, and bonding without light cure B1), GIV (HF, US, 37% phosphoric acid PA, US, S, B1), GV (HF, US, S, and bonding with light curing B2), VI (HF, US, PA, US, S, and B2). The treated specimens were cemented to a resin cement cylinder of 3.5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height (Variolink, Esthetic. Neutral). A universal test machine was used to test the shear bond strength (SBS) and SEM for failure mode. The result indicated that applying a bonding agent on the prepared surface of ZLS without curing before cementation significantly increases the shear bond strength and affects the failure mode. In contrast, the application of PA does not influence bond strength.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
[Neuroprotective effects of semax in MPTP-induced disturbances of brain dopamine system].

Effects of an ACTH (4-10) analogue Semax (MEHFPGP) on behaviour of white rats with MPTP-induced disturbances of brain DA-system have been studied. It was shown that MPTP administration (25 mg/kg) reduced motor activity and auhmented the anxiety level in rats. Semax administration (daily intranasal 0.2 mg/kg) attenuated behaviour disturbances induced by neurotoxin. The observed protective action of Semax in rats with MFTP-induced DA system disturbances may be due to both its modulating influence on the brain DA system and peptide neuroprotective effects.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Surgical technique to avoid bladder flap formation during cesarean section.

Cesarean section (CS) is now the most common major surgical procedure performed on women worldwide. A CS can be performed by either suturing or not suturing of the visceral peritoneum. Creation of the bladder flap is an integral step of the standard cesarean section. The bladder flap is made by superficially incising and dissecting the peritoneal lining to separate the urinary bladder from the lower uterine segment. It's still debated whether the formation of bladder flap is advantageous or not. If the uterine incision is made slightly above the vesicouterine peritoneal fold, the loose connective tissue between the uterus and the urinary bladder allows spontaneous descent of the bladder. Evidence on the role of the bladder flap in cesarean section is very limited. At present, it remains to be established whether there is any advantage in dissecting the bladder from the lower uterine segment during cesarean section.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scoring models for roboadvisory platforms: a network approach

Automated digital consultancy platforms ("robot advisors") reduce costs and im- prove the perceived service quality, speeding it up and making user involvement more transparent. These improvements are often offset by risk classification models that are simpler than those employed in traditional consultancy. In this paper, the authors show how to exploit the available data to build portfolios that better fit the risk profiles of investors. This is made possible, on the one hand, by constructing groups of homogeneous risk profiles based on user responses to the markets in financial instruments directive (MIFID) questionnaire, and, on the other hand, by constructing homogeneous clusters of financial assets based on their risk and return performance. They also also show that machine learning methods and, specifically, neural network models can be used to "automatize" the previous classifications and, eventually, to assess whether an investor's portfolio matches their risk profile.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences