jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PHASE III CLINICAL STUDY OF CARBOPLATINAN OBSERVATION OF 529 CASES

We have demonstrated the anti-cancer effect of Carboplatin in thephase II clinical trial in 1990. From October 1991 to October 1992, 529 cases of various malignancies were treated with carboplatin (made in Dezhou) by the Carboplatin Cooperating Study Group either alone or in combination with other cytostatics. The overall responce rates for carboplatin alone and carboplatin-containing regimans were 26.5% and 45% respectiv-vely. The main toxicities and side effects were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal tract reaction, in most cases were grade 1-11 and well tolerated. Our study revealed again that carboplatin was an effective broad-spectrum and well tolerated anticincer drug.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from: Reducing mutation load through sexual selection on males

Mutation load is a key parameter in evolutionary theories, but relatively little empirical information exists on the mutation load of populations, or the elimination of this load through selection. We manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection within a mutation accumulation divergence experiment to determine how sexual selection on males affected the accumulation of mutations contributing to sexual and non-sexual fitness. Sexual selection prevented the accumulation of mutations affecting male mating success, the target trait, as well as reducing mutation load on productivity, a non-sexual fitness component. Mutational correlations between mating success and productivity (estimated in the absence of sexual selection) were positive. Sexual selection significantly reduced these fitness component correlations. Male mating success significantly diverged between sexual selection treatments, consistent with the fixation of genetic differences. However, the rank of the treatments was not consistent across assays, indicating that the mutational effects on mating success were conditional on biotic and abiotic context. Our experiment suggests that greater insight into the genetic targets of natural and sexual selection can be gained by focusing on mutational rather than standing genetic variation, and on the behavior of trait variances rather than means.

Topic: Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The music therapy effectiveness in hypertensive patients with acute myocardial infarction after previous coronary artery bypass surgery; 18-year experience of the MUSIC study

Abstract Patients who have clinical evidence of hypertension (HT) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) have a poor prognosis in expression of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as one of the MACE. Unrelieved anxiety can produce an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity leading to an increase in cardiac workload. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on prognosis of patients with HT and AMI, after CABS. Methods 314 patients (males 78.4%, mean age 59.8±1.2 yrs) with AMI after previous CABS have been selected from the patients consecutively submitted from January 2003 to January 2019. HT was registered in 166 (53.0%) pts with AMI after previous CABS. All patients with HT were randomized and divided in 2 groups: Study group of 83 patients treated with music therapy and Control group of 83 patients with no music therapy. Each patient in study group underwent two sessions of medical therapy (12 minutes) in a day. Both groups were similar in baselines, post-AMI characteristics and post-AMI medical therapy. The plasma cytokine and catecholamine were measured in both groups. Results In the Study group, heart rate was significantly decreased by music therapy (p=0.0196). In the Control group, there were no significant changes in heart rate. Among cytokines (p=0.0160), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p=0.0179) in the Study group was significantly lower than those in the Control group, as well as plasma adrenaline (p=0.0162) and noradrenalin (p=0.0218) levels. Conclusion This study provides support for the use of musical therapy in patients with HT and AMI after previous CABS. The positive effects of music therapy, in these patients, are probably because of enhanced of parasympathetic activities and reduction of plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Topic: Music Therapy and Health
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Pour une individualisation des Moustériens de type Quina dans le quart Sud-Est de la France ?

Abstract We here present a technological approach allowing the phases of the operational method of a specific type of discoidal knapping to be recreated. This method is common to two Mousterian Quina sites : Baume Néron (Soyons, Ardèche, France) and Champ Grand (Saint-Maurice-sur-Loire, Loire, France). These techno-typological properties underline many elements which characterise these two assemblages compared with classical Quina complexes. This comprehensive study leads to a discussion of the significance of technological convergences and divergences in a group of Middle Palaeolithic sites in south-eastern France.

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Telomere-Independent Process?

Long-lived mammals replace lost or consumed cells at a tremendous pace: an adult human replaces ∼1% of their many trillion red blood cells every day through de novo synthesis. Similarly, cell division at various rates is at work throughout life to continuously replace lost cells in many epithelial tissues such as the gut, skin, breast, and lung. Moreover, several tissues (e.g., memory T-lymphocytes, pancreatic β-cells) possess a potential for facultative growth in the adult; that is, under certain circumstances (e.g., infection, pregnancy), these usually quiescent cells re-enter the cell cycle en masse to increase the mass of a given tissue through controlled prolifera- tion. These forms of tissue replacement and repair require that many adult mamma- lian tissues contain reservoirs of stem cells capable of generating terminally differentiated effector cell types. The unique cellular property that enables stem cells to maintain such function throughout life is the ability to produce large numbers of differentiated cell types while also self-renewing themselves so that their reserves do not become depleted. In this chapter, I will review some of the evidence to support the notion that certain aspects of mammalian ageing result from an age-dependent decline in the function of self-renewing stem cells, and discuss the relationship of p16 INK4a and telomeres with regard to stem cell ageing.

Topic: Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of rituximab in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A literature review

ABSTRACT This literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). PubMed was searched for articles, published through 31 March 2022, on any controlled studies using RTX in the treatment of SSc. Of 85 identified articles, 9 were selected by title/abstract screening and full text examination. All nine articles reported outcomes of forced vital capacity (%FVC), and seven reported those of modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). The results showed that among the seven controlled studies evaluating skin lesions in patients with SSc, four showed a significant improvement of mRSS by RTX when compared with a control group, whereas three showed no significant effect. Among the nine controlled studies evaluating lung lesions, five showed a significant improvement of %FVC compared with a control group, whereas four showed no significant effect. In conclusion, RTX may be effective in the treatment of skin and lung lesions in patients with SSc. The profiles of SSc patients for whom RTX was indicated were unclear, although patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and those positive for anti-topoisomerase I antibody were considered potential targets. Additional studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of RTX in the treatment of patients with SSc.

Topic: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Malaysia’s Electoral Process

Malaysia will hold its 14th general election before August 2018, bringing renewed focus on the nature of political competition in the country. This paper provides a systematic overview of the electoral process and an assessment of how it shapes the country's political environment. Political competition in Malaysia is extensively manipulated to provide the incumbent government substantial advantages in elections. Most of the manipulations are a result of institutional bias during the pre-election phase. They create a fundamentally uneven playing field that has entrenched the political dominance of the UMNO-led coalition. Electoral manipulations impose numerous costs. These include direct costs like the inefficient allocation of resources, as well as indirect costs like the exacerbating of ethnic divisions. Both channels hinder Malaysia's efforts to reach further developmental milestones. The high degree of electoral manipulation in Malaysia, juxtaposed against its successful developmental record and relative social stability, makes the country an important case for the growing body of research on electoral integrity and malpractice

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LASP1, CERS6, and Actin Form a Ternary Complex That Promotes Cancer Cell Migration

CERS6 is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through d18:1/C16:0 ceramide (C16 ceramide)-mediated cell migration, though the detailed mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, examinations including co-immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify a novel binding partner of CERS6. Among the examined candidates, LASP1 was a top-ranked binding partner, with the LIM domain possibly required for direct interaction. In accord with those findings, CERS6 and LASP1 were found to co-localize on lamellipodia in several lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, silencing of CERS6 and/or LASP1 significantly suppressed cell migration and lamellipodia formation, whereas ectopic addition of C16 ceramide partially rescued those phenotypes. Both LASP1 and CERS6 showed co-immunoprecipitation with actin, with those interactions markedly reduced when the LASP1–CERS6 complex was abolished. Based on these findings, it is proposed that LASP1–CERS6 interaction promotes cancer cell migration.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cognitive Cooperation in Wireless Networks

In recent years, vertical handover (VHO) has been identified as the primary vehicle to provision seamless mobility and quality of service (QoS) transparency for end-user in composite network. This allows end-user to enjoy ubiquitous connectivity in the most efficient way, irrespective of time and place, commonly known as always best connected. In this chapter, the authors introduce the notion of cognitive cooperation as a means to provide optimized VHO opportunistically in order to exploit the inherent heterogeneity that exists within such composite network to improve radio resource usage. Through the cognitive cooperation, the chapter proposes a distributed load adaptation strategy (LAS) framework which exploits the benefits of joint optimization, particularly between link adaptation and load adaptation on-demand. The authors advocate that such synergetic interactions between the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer have advantages over the PHY approach based only on link adaptation. Comprehensive performance analyses show that the LAS framework arbitrates a QoS-balanced system in which statistical QoS guarantee for multimedia traffic can be provisioned and overall system capacity can be maximized.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Single Unit Status in Deep Convolutional Neural Network Codes for Face Identification: Sparseness Redefined

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained for face identification develop representations that generalize over variable images, while retaining subject (e.g., gender) and image (e.g., viewpoint) information. Identity, gender, and viewpoint codes were studied at the "neural unit" and ensemble levels of a face-identification network. At the unit level, identification, gender classification, and viewpoint estimation were measured by deleting units to create variably-sized, randomly-sampled subspaces at the top network layer. Identification of 3,531 identities remained high (area under the ROC approximately 1.0) as dimensionality decreased from 512 units to 16 (0.95), 4 (0.80), and 2 (0.72) units. Individual identities separated statistically on every top-layer unit. Cross-unit responses were minimally correlated, indicating that units code non-redundant identity cues. This "distributed" code requires only a sparse, random sample of units to identify faces accurately. Gender classification declined gradually and viewpoint estimation fell steeply as dimensionality decreased. Individual units were weakly predictive of gender and viewpoint, but ensembles proved effective predictors. Therefore, distributed and sparse codes co-exist in the network units to represent different face attributes. At the ensemble level, principal component analysis of face representations showed that identity, gender, and viewpoint information separated into high-dimensional subspaces, ordered by explained variance. Identity, gender, and viewpoint information contributed to all individual unit responses, undercutting a neural tuning analogy for face attributes. Interpretation of neural-like codes from DCNNs, and by analogy, high-level visual codes, cannot be inferred from single unit responses. Instead, "meaning" is encoded by directions in the high-dimensional space.

Topic: Face recognition and analysis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Postblack Ethos in “Texts Out of Time”: Rosa Parks and the African American Freedom Struggle in Cultural Memory

This book challenges the cultural memory of the African American Freedom Struggle era that hinges on a master narrative focused on the “heroic period” of the Civil Rights Movement. It argues that this narrative limits the representation of African American identity within the Civil Rights Movement to Martin Luther King's nonviolent protest leadership in the segregated South and casts Malcolm X's advocacy of black nationalism and the ensuing Black Power/Arts Movement as undermining civil rights advances. Through an analysis of five case studies of African American identity staged in plays between 1959 and 1969, the book instead offers representations that engage, critique, and revise racial uplift ideology and reimagine the Black Arts Movement's sometimes proscriptive notions of black authenticity as a condition of black identity and cultural production. It also posits a postblack ethos as the means by which these representations construct their counternarratives to cultural memory and broadens narrow constructions of African American identity shaping racial discourse in the U.S. public sphere of the 1960s.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ligands for insulin receptor isolation

Biotinylated insulins are bivalent molecules having the ability to bind to insulin receptors on the one hand and to "avidins" on the other. In order to be useful as ligands for insulin receptor isolation, biotinylated insulins must be developed that have the capacity to bind simultaneously to both and insulin receptor. The present investigation addresses this problem. A series of biotinylated and dethiobiotinylated insulins has been prepared in which the distance between the biotin carboxyl group and the insulin varies from 7 to 20 atoms. These compounds form complexes with succinoylavidin. The dissociation rates (K-1) of these complexes have been determined from the [14C]biotin exchange assay. The dissociation kinetics of most of these complexes are biphasic, and the kinetic constants reported are those corresponding to the slow rate. Ligands containing dethiobiotin dissociate more rapidly than the corresponding biotin derivatives. The interposition of a spacer arm substantially decreases the rate of dissociation. The [14C]biotin exchange assay could not be used with streptavidin complexes of the above ligand since biotin dissociates more rapidly from streptavidin than from succinoylavidin. However, the relative dissociation rates of a series of ligands could be determined and were as follows: 6-(dethiobiotinylamido)-hexanoic acid greater than dethiobiotinyl-A1-insulin greater than biotinylinsulin greater than biotinyl-A1-insulin greater than biotinyl-A2-insulin. Dethiobiotin and its amide failed to form complexes with streptavidin. The affinity of the ligands for insulin receptors was determined by measuring their ability to stimulate 14CO2 formation from [1-14C]glucose in rat epididymal adipocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Biotin and Related Studies
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preventing Biofilm Formation and Encrustation on Urinary Implants: (Bio)molecular and Physical Research Approaches

Abstract Stents and catheters are used to facilitate urine drainage within the urinary system. When such sterile implants are inserted into the urinary tract, ions, macromolecules and bacteria from urine, blood or underlying tissues accumulate on their surface. We presented a brief but comprehensive overview of future research strategies in the prevention of urinary device encrustation with an emphasis on biodegradability, molecular, microbiological and physical research approaches. The large and strongly associated field of stent coatings and tissue engineering is outlined elsewhere in this book. There is still plenty of room for future investigations in the fields of material science, surface science, and biomedical engineering to improve and create the most effective urinary implants. In an era where material science, robotics and artificial intelligence have undergone great progress, futuristic ideas may become a reality. These ideas include the creation of multifunctional programmable intelligent urinary implants (core and surface) capable to adapt to the complex biological and physiological environment through sensing or by algorithms from artificial intelligence included in the implant. Urinary implants are at the crossroads of several scientific disciplines, and progress will only be achieved if scientists and physicians collaborate using basic and applied scientific approaches.

Topic: Infectious Aortic and Vascular Conditions
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 1 of Pharmacological modulation of TSPO in microglia/macrophages and neurons in a chronic neurodegenerative model of prion disease

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Autoradiography comparison of [3H]PBR28 and [3H]PK11195 in ME7-prion mice and pharmacological attenuation by JNJ527. Figure S2. Example region of interest placement in autoradiography and immunohistochemical analyses. Examples of region of interest (ROI) placement in A) autoradiography analyses and B) immunohistochemical analyses. Placement of ROIs in the immunofluorescence analyses were in the same ROI for the dentate gyrus as shown in B. Table S1. Primary and secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence. Table S2. Effect sizes for [3H]PK11195 and [3H]PBR28 autoradiography. Appendix S1. NIMA members during the sample collection and data analysis period for the BIODEP Study.

Topic: Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Host-microbial interactions in the esophagus

Host-microbial interactions within the gastrointestinal tract are increasingly recognized as contributors to health and disease, yet our understanding of these interactions in the esophagus remains limited. Dysbiosis of the esophageal microbiome has been linked to esophageal disorders, but the precise mechanisms underlying microbial contributions to esophageal pathophysiology remain speculative. This review explores the mechanisms by which the esophageal microbiome modulates mucosal immunity, epithelial barrier integrity, and inflammatory responses. We highlight key host receptors that mediate these interactions and microbial metabolites that influence the local immune environment and epithelial function. By synthesizing current knowledge on how the microbiome impacts esophageal health, we identify significant knowledge gaps and propose areas for future research.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Institutionalization of Exhibition and Convention Activity in Innovation-Based Economy

The meaning of exhibition and convention activity is currently undergoing serious changes. Contemporary forums and exhibitions promote goods and services, as well as create new social, economic, and political relation standards. The contemporary crisis has revealed some regulatory gaps. However, innovative marketing approach to exhibition and convention events can help industry to recover and grow. Exhibition and convention events produce not only economics effects: they also promote institutional, public, and innovative development. The present research featured cooperation and coordination of stakeholders in exhibition and convention activities, as well as related legal, marketing, and theoretical factors. The research objective was to develop the economy of events – a new methodological approach to assessment of non-material effects of exhibition and convention activity. The research was based on the methods of institutional economics; the paper offers an analysis of existing legal frameworks and standards. The author believes that exhibition and convention sphere needs institutional background based on the interaction of existing norms and methods within event system. This theoretical aspect made it possible to consider the role of events in the context of building sustainable interrelationships between institutes and society, as well as to reinterpret the role of exhibition and convention activity in the modern agenda.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences