jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P4‐161: REPETITIVE MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY TRIGGERS AND EXACERBATES TAU PATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

Mild traumatic brain injury is the most common form reported in traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases and is prominent in contact sports and the military. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) can trigger the activation of several molecular cascades that lead to neuropathological consequences in the brain and has been correlated to neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a slow, progressive tauopathy that exhibits neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) accompanied by psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. NFTs are intracellular aggregates formed from the misfolding and aggregation of tau protein. A vast majority of individuals following a TBI event demonstrate early tau accumulation suggesting a potential pathological link between TBI and tauopathies. The role of tau aggregation in brain and in subsequent clinical symptoms following rmTBI remains to be elucidated. Moreover, effective diagnostic methods for TBI and tau pathology are lacking. Our hypothesis is that rmTBI induces early formation of tau misfolded seeds that will then increase and spread leading to clinical manifestations, and these rmTBI-induced tau seeds can be used for diagnostic purposes using tau protein misfolding cyclic amplification (tau-PMCA). Naïve transgenic (Tg) tau and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to multiple rmTBI events at early and longitudinal time-points. Animals were analyzed for behavioral changes and tau pathology following rmTBI induction. rmTBI triggers tau aggregation as early as 1 hour after injury. This is a progressive event over time. Tg rmTBI mice revealed impaired learning and memory. Detection of misfolded tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of TBI-induced mice by tau-PMCA provides a promising diagnostic method to detect initial pathological changes in affected patients. rmTBI could be a trigger for early tau aggregation. In addition, the concomitant effect of TBI and misfolded tau may play a greater role in learning and memory impairment. Overall, this work sheds light into understanding the effect of rmTBI in relation to tau pathology subsequent to disease and will potentially provide a diagnostic tool to detect tauopathy onset and monitor TBI-induced brain damage in the future.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unraveling the Enchanting Mystery of Fireflies Nature’s Nightlights

Fireflies have ignited human interest for ages with their glow. They are like little enchanting lanterns in the dark, creating a beautiful show, lighting up their surroundings with a chemistry trick. But their glow is not just for looks—fireflies use it to talk to each other. Each type of firefly has its own special way of blinking, like a secret code. Their bright lights also help them stay safe, by warning other animals that they taste bad. However, the problem of too much light from cities is making it hard for fireflies to find their friends and family. To protect these amazing creatures we need to be careful with our lights, turning them off when possible during the night. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms, no matter how small they are.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fifth international radiopharmaceutical dosimetry symposium

This meeting was held to exchange information on how to get better estimates of the radiation absorbed dose. There seems to be a high interest of late in patient dosimetry; discussions were held in the light of revised risk estimates for radiation. Topics included: Strategies of Dose Assessment; Dose Estimation for Radioimmunotherapy; Dose Calculation Techniques and Models; Dose Estimation for Positron Emission Tomography (PET); Kinetics for Dose Estimation; and Small Scale Dosimetry and Microdosimetry. (VC)

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
H‐2 gene products influence susceptibility of target thyroid gland to damage in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis

Abstract The restriction of the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) by H‐2 gene products was investigated. EAT was induced by injecting thyroglobulin extract plus adjuvant into F 1 , hybrid mice that had been implanted under the kidney capsules with thyroid glands originating from either the EAT‐susceptible or ‐resistant parental strain mice. We found relative H‐2 restriction of thyroid damage to those glands originating from the H‐2‐susceptible parental strain. H‐2 restriction of damage at the level of the target thyroid gland implicates cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes as a pathogenic agent of EAT.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Membrane pervaporation performance applied for brackish water prepared by vacuum impregnation method

Abstract Coating method and number of membrane layer are crucial factors on membrane performance. Through a vacuum impregnation method allows a sol solution uniformly fill into membrane support and it is required only less solution. The aim of this study is to apply vacuum impregnation method through vacuum calcination and air calcination during fabrication of silica membranes and to investigate the effect of layer variations on silica membranes performance to apply for brackish water. The sol solution was made from TEOS as silane precursor, ethanol and dual catalysts (citric acid + ammonia). Alumina membrane support was coated by vacuum impregnation method and calcined the membrane under air and vacuum condition. From the FTIR result, it indicates that silica membranes calcined in air and vacuum calcination have Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The vacuum impregnation obtained smoother surface membranes. The silica membrane calcined via vacuum calcination performs excellent water fluxes and salt rejection of 22.01 kg.m − 2 .h −1 and 98.98 %. If compare to silica membranes calcined in air, the water flux (19.11 kg.m − 2 .h −1 ) and salt rejection (98.75 %). It also found the two layers silica membrane is better than three layers for the membrane performance result.

Topic: Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fraud Detection on European Food and Animal Trade with Machine Learning Algorithms

TRACES is an European Commission system to keep traceability of European imports and
exports of animal products. Imports are exposed to several checks at entry points (Europe)
but, given the high trading volume, only a subset is inspected (based on a human decision)
and only a 2% of checked imports are effectively rejected. The principal goal of this work is to
find an effective and efficient solution to early detect imports that have a high risk of not being
appropriate for import (fraudulent). This work will analyse TRACES system and its generated
data to find a predictive model based on machine learning algorithms to help to decisionmaking. Results of this work show that, even with a highly imbalanced class as we have in this
domain, it is possible to have a ratio of true positives near 90% at country level inspection.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Flexible Jobs over the Lifetime

In this chapter we examine the extent to which individuals in the BHPS data experienced flexible employment over their working lives. We draw upon the details recorded in the retrospective accounts of their past working lives between leaving full-time education and 1990. This is supplemented by further details about jobs from the panel wave interviews. We should remember that the retrospective data are subject to recall biases. Studies of recall reliability show that short periods of employment, which were not particularly significant to the individual, will be more likely to have been forgotten than longer more salient periods (Dex, 1995). With this proviso, we can examine the extent to which individuals recalled having experienced any self-employment, part-time permanent and any temporary employment (either part or full-time) over their lifetime. Individuals were allowed to define all of the states used to classify their jobs for themselves. In addition, a category of 'any flexible' has been constructed. This includes any self-employed, part-time or temporary job.1

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Leading practices of Steiner school principals: a reflective practice perspective

This article is based on the author’s autoethnographical research on leading practices of Steiner school principals over a period of major change and crisis in a Steiner school’s life. This research included the use of the theory of practice architectures to uncover unsustainable contradictions in Steiner schools which constrain the full promise of the educational approach as an engine room for social change and renewal. These contradictions include doubt and uncertainty about the role of the principal and of leadership itself; and the depth of the emotional load of the principal and teachers in holding the competing ideological and pedagogical tensions of the Steiner and broader educational policy environment. Maintaining the integrity of the higher purposes of Steiner education involves moving away from a leader-centric approach that does not fit well within the Steiner school ethos, to embrace capable, praxis-oriented leading practices which involve intentional hierarchy and healthy collective participation.

Topic: Education Methods and Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Changing Environment of Early Intervention Services: Implications for Practice

Abstract A new plan for providing early intervention services for very young children and their families has been established with Part H of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986, Public Law 99-457. Each state is currently exploring how it can best develop one comprehensive system of care that combines health, education, social, and family services. Health practitioners have traditionally provided early intervention services in medical settings such as hospitals and local health departments since the early 1900s. Educators, prompted by federal legislation, have provided early intervention services in the public schools primarily since 1975. Occupational therapy practitioners work in both medical and educational settings and must now meet the numerous challenges and opportunities in developing comprehensive, family-centered, community-based care for very young children with special needs. This paper traces the historical development of early intervention services and discusses the major practice issues associated with implementing Part H of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986.

Topic: Family and Disability Support Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Almost everywhere convergence of Vilenkin-Fourier series of 𝐻¹ functions

In [5] Ladhawala and Pankratz proved that if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is in dyadic <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{H^1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, then any lacunary sequence of partial sums of the Walsh-Fourier series of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> converges a.e. We generalize their theorem to Vilenkin-Fourier series. In obtaining this result, we prove a vector-valued inequality for the partial sums of Vilenkin-Fourier series.

Topic: Advanced Harmonic Analysis Research
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biological resources utilization in grebeg maulud ceremony in Surakarta City, Indonesia

Abstract. Ayuningtyas HR, Nabila I, ‘Azizah HPN, Andewi LC, Saensouk S, Setyawan AD. 2024. Biological resources utilization in grebeg maulud ceremony in Surakarta City, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 7: 43-49. Indonesia is a country of diverse nature, culture, and traditions in each region. Implementing traditional ceremonies is closely related to utilizing natural resources, both plants and animals, in the surrounding area. The sekaten or grebeg maulud is a ceremony which is often held every month of Rabi'ul Awal, involves gunungan elements in the form of crops contested by the community. This research was conducted in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia, from November to December 2023, in Mojosongo Village, Keprabon Village, and Baluwarti Village. This study aims to determine the understanding of the community regarding the grebeg maulud ceremony, identify the biodiversity used in grebeg maulud, and determine the utilization of these resources in people's lives. The methods used in this research are survey methods, group discussions, ethnographic studies, key informant interviews, and the surrounding community interviews. The important thing that becomes the basis of this research is the utilization of crops by the surrounding community, which is calculated using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) value calculation. People in Mojosongo, Keprabon, and Baluwarti Villages utilize several species for grebeg maulud activities, including 2 species of fauna and 19 species of flora. The parts of the fauna utilized are eggs and meat; the most utilized part of the flora is the fruit.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced rare cancers.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced rare cancers have poor prognosis and few treatment options. As immunotherapy is effective across multiple cancer types, we aimed to assess pembrolizumab (programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor) in patients with advanced rare cancers.METHODS: In this open-label, phase 2 trial, patients with advanced rare cancers whose tumors had progressed on standard therapies, if available, within the previous 6 months were enrolled in nine tumor-specific cohorts and a 10th cohort for other rare histologies. Pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered intravenously every 21 days. The primary endpoint was non-progression rate (NPR) at 27 weeks; secondary endpoints were safety and tolerability, objective response rate (ORR), and clinical benefit rate (CBR).RESULTS: A total of 127 patients treated between August 15, 2016 and July 27, 2018 were included in this analysis. At the time of data cut-off, the NPR at 27 weeks was 28% (95% CI, 19% to 37%). A confirmed objective response (OR) was seen in 15 of 110 (14%) evaluable patients (complete response in one and partial response in 14). CBR, defined as the percentage of patients with an OR or stable disease ≥4 months, was 38% (n=42). Treatment was ongoing in 11 of 15 patients with OR at last follow-up. In the cohort with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, the NPR at 27 weeks was 36%, ORR 31%, and CBR 38%. In patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), NPR at 27 weeks was 31%, ORR 15%, and CBR 54%. In the patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), NPR at 27 weeks was 33%, ORR 23%, and CBR 54%. In the paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma cohort, NPR at 27 weeks was 43%, ORR 0%, and CBR 75%. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 66 of 127 (52%) patients, and 12 (9%) had grade ≥3 TRAEs. The most common TRAEs were fatigue (n=25) and rash (n=17). There were six deaths, all of which were unrelated to the study drug.CONCLUSIONS: The favorable toxicity profile and antitumor activity seen in patients with SCC of skin, ACC, CUP, and paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma supports further evaluation of pembrolizumab in this patient population.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02721732.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. PMID: 32188704 Funding information This work was supported by: NCATS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 TR003167 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA016672 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K12 CA088084

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Historical study of the University of Göttingen

In 1893, the world-famous mathematician Felix Klein proposed the principle of “interaction of theory and practice” after attending the Chicago World’s Fair. This principle allowed the natural sciences at the University of Göttingen to break the “distinction between pure science and its practical applications,” adapting to the true requirements of this “Scientific and Industrial Age.” On this foundation, the University of Göttingen fully exploited the freedom of movement and freedom of competition for talented people, recruiting the top natural scientists to establish the famous “Göttingen School.” In addition, its rigorous academic atmosphere and excellent scholarly traditions allowed it to achieve great development of the natural sciences, even as its position fell with regard to the humanities and the social sciences: the University of Göttingen fully earned the title of “world-class university,” giving rise to the “brilliant Göttingen era” in the history of education and scientific development.

Topic: Philosophy, Science, and History
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Tremorgenic Toxins from Penicillia

A low temperature (4 C) favors the accumulation of the mycotoxin tremortin when tremortin-producing molds are grown on various agricultural commodities. However, the rate of toxin formation is more rapid at a high temperature (20 C).

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Math achievement and self-efficacy of linguistically and ethnically diverse high school students: their relationships with English reading and native language proficiency

The under-preparation in math at the high school and college levels, as well as the low participation of ethnically and linguistically diverse individuals in STEM fields are concerning because their preparation for work in these areas is essential for the U.S. to remain competitive in the innovative knowledge economy. While there is now a substantial body of research on this group of students, there remain unresolved questions around the role of linguistic factors, affective variables, and prior achievement. In light of this concern, the purpose of the study was two-fold. One was to examine the moderating role of first language (L1) proficiency on the effects of language minority (LM) status in English reading. The second was to investigate the mediating roles of English reading and math achievement in the relationship between such interaction and math self-efficacy. The study was a secondary analysis of the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS 2002, n =16,110). Using a multilevel SEM analysis the study did not find support for the moderating role of L1 proficiency. However, English reading and math achievement mediated the relationship between LM status and math self-efficacy. These findings provide further knowledge for the development of targeted interventions that aim at increasing the preparation and participation of linguistically and ethnically diverse students in STEM fields.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effectiveness of Various Plant Crude Extract on Controlling Parasitic Ciliates (Colpoda sp.) Affecting Fishes

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in the national economy of many countries. Ciliate protozoans are recognized as economically significant parasites in fish aquaculture. Colpodean ciliates are particularly abundant and are commonly found in terrestrial settings such as soils, leaf litter, and mosses. Diseases are recognized as significant impediments to sustainable animal production, leading to substantial economic losses, particularly in the aquaculture sector. Traditional medicinal plants offer a promising alternative for controlling various diseases in aquaculture. This study examined the efficacy of several plant extracts, including tobacco, neem paste, rue seeds, thyme seeds, and pepper seeds, in managing ciliates. Among the tested plant extracts, Colpoda cultures treated with rue seeds demonstrated the highest effectiveness.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Fluctuations in Levels of Cytosol and Nuclear Estrogen Receptors in Rat Mammary Tumors during the Estrous Cycle*

Levels of cytosol estrogen receptors (R) and nuclear estrogen-receptor complexes (ER) in rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene were estimated during the host's estrous cycle. Cytosol R was measured by the method of charcoal absorption employing the principle of Scatchard. Nuclear ER was determined by a [3H]estradiol exchange method. Levels of cytosol R were low at proestrus and estrus and increased significantly during metestrus-diestrus. Levels of nuclear ER were slightly elevated at diestrus-2, substantially higher at proestrus, and relatively low during other stages of the cycle. The high levels of nuclear ER during diestrus-2 and proestrus coincided with the reported rising levels of circulating estrogen in the host animals. Furthermore, rates of [3H]leucine incorporation by the tumor tissue correlated significantly with levels of nuclear ER in the corresponding tumors. The low level of cytosol R observed at proestrus could be explained by a depletion of R following the high level of serum estrogen prior to ovulation in the animal. However, the low level of cytosol R noted at estrus could not be accounted for by this estrogen-induced depletion of R, since the concomitant increase in nuclear ER was absent. Results of this study indicate that, during the normal estrous cycle in rats, levels of cytosol R and nuclear ER in mammary tumors undergo cyclic fluctuations. The change in levels of nuclear ER correlates with the tumor’s protein-synthesizing capacity as assessed by the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation. The low level of cytosol R observed at estrus represents a delay in the replenishment of R in the tissue after the exposure to a saturating amount of estrogen at proestrus. (Endocrinology102: 420, 1978)

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences