jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Limiting Renal Tissue Protection and Repair in Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis are renal disorders resulting from different pathogenic mechanisms (i.e., autoimmunity, complement, inflammatory activation, etc.). Clarifying details of the pathogenic cascade is basic to limit the progression from starting inflammation to degenerative stages. The balance between tissue injury, activation of protective systems and renal tissue repair determines the final outcome. Induction of an oxidative stress is part of glomerular inflammation and activation of protective antioxidant systems has a crucial role in reducing tissue effects. The generation of highly reactive oxygen species can be evaluated in vivo by tracing the inner-layer content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine in cell membranes. Albumin is the major antioxidant in serum and the level of oxidized albumin is another indirect sign of oxidative stress. Studies performed in Gn, specifically in FSGS, showed a high degree of oxidation in most contexts. High levels of circulating anti-SOD2 antibodies, limiting the detoxyfing activity of SOD2, have been detected in autoimmune Gn(lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy) in association with persistence of proteinuria and worsening of renal function. In renal transplant, high levels of circulating anti-Glutathione S-transferase antibodies have been correlated with chronic antibody rejection and progressive loss of renal function. Annexins, mainly ANXA1 and ANXA2, play a general anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting neutrophil functions. Cytosolic ANXA1 is decreased in apoptotic neutrophils of patients with glomerular polyangitis in association with delayed apoptosis that is considered the mechanism for polyangitis. High circulating levels of anti-ANXA1 and anti-ANXA2 antibodies characterize lupus nephritis implying a reduced anti-inflammatory effect. High circulating levels of antibodies targeting Macrophages (anti-FMNL1) have been detected in Gn in association with proteinuria. They potentially modify the intra-glomerular presence of protective macrophages (M2a, M2c) thus acting on the composition of renal infiltrate and on tissue repair.

Topic: Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Review of climate change and drinking water supply systems: employee perspectives and potential tools for adaptation

Climate change (CC) causes extreme meteorological events such as floods, droughts, water scarcity, heat waves, wildfires, and extreme cold. CC may also damage public infrastructures such as drinking water systems (DWSs) and reduce water quality from source to tap. The objective of this review paper is to provide a critical analysis of (1) the impact of CC on the three components of the DWSs: source, treatment, and distribution; (2) the perspectives of DWS employees on CC impacts and adaptation solutions for maintaining water quality; and (3) decision support systems (DSSs) that could be used by DWS employees for CC adaptation. A bibliographic research was conducted using international databases and search engines. The search for scientific articles resulted in the selection of 5234 articles, 78 of which were analyzed in more detail for the elaboration of this scoping review. This review shows that the impacts of CC on water quality are significant, but DWS employees are not enthusiastic about developing adaption measures. This review also shows that DSSs can help DWS employees facilitate the CC adaptation process for the protection of source water, improve water treatment plant operations, and enhance routine management of water quality in the distribution system. Further research is needed to identify strategies that might increase the awareness of and interest in climate change impacts, adaptation, and the use of DSSs among DWS employees.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review and Analysis of Zonal-Isolation Effectiveness in Carbonate Reservoirs Using Multistage Stimulation Systems

Summary It is common practice to complete long carbonate intervals with multistage stimulation treatments, especially in horizontal wells. Each zone is, typically, mechanically isolated using cement or openhole packers and then acid stimulated. It is important to pump the planned acid volume to the target zone without any significant loss into adjacent zones. Zonal–isolation effectiveness is rarely evaluated because of a lack of zone–specific pressure and/or temperature data. Instead, it is judged on the basis of job pressure response or post–job production logging. In this study, zone–specific pressure and temperature gauges allowed for a more effective review of zonal isolation during stimulation treatments. In this paper, we review zonal–isolation results from a series of high–rate acid jobs conducted in wells equipped with zone–specific pressure and temperature gauges. Twenty–one acid–stimulation jobs from thirteen different wells were reviewed to investigate the effectiveness of zonal isolation during and after treatment. The examples presented in this paper cover several different completion types: cemented and uncemented, intelligent well systems (IWSs), plug–and–perforate completions, and ball–activated sliding–sleeve completions. The analysis revealed several different pressures and/or flow communication patterns. Field examples and analysis results presented in this work will help engineers design and optimize the zonal–isolation distance in cemented and uncemented wells requiring multistage stimulation in carbonate fields without losing a significant pay length.

Topic: Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of P. ginseng on the expression of c-Fos in the brain of Wistar rats with testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia

The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) show in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The three major micturition centers in brain are pontine micturition center (PMC), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and medial preopticnucleus (MPA) regions. Previous study showed that c-Fos expression change was associated with LUTS. In present study, the effect of P. ginseng on c-Fos expression in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in rat brain was tested. P. ginseng is the four year-old Korean ginseng. It was collected at the department of medicinal crop research (Eumsunggun, Chungbuk, Korea) in September 2010. The four groups (n = 6) are control group, BPH-induced group, BPHinduced and P. ginseng-treated group, and BPH-induced and finasteride-treated group. BPH in rats was induced by testosterone. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to evaluate c-Fos expression in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in rat brain. The c-Fos expression was evaluated in the regions of rat brain by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Present results showed that c-Fos expressions in PMC, vl-PAG, and MPA regions in brain of rats in the BPH-induced group were higher compared to c-fos expression of the control group. The increased c-Fos expression in three regions (PMC, vlPAG, and MPA) were decreased by treatment with P. ginseng (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that P. ginseng has an inhibitory effect on the symptoms of BPH and is associated with regulation of c-Fos expression in the brain in a testosterone induced BPH rat model.

Topic: Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Zooplankton diversity of drainage system reservoirs at an opencast mine

The aim of this study was to determine the structure of zooplankton in three artificial water reservoirs, the technological function of which is to pre-treat waters from a drainage system of a brown coal open mine by removing inorganic suspension. The background for the zooplankton qualitative and quantitative analyses was the hydrochemical conditions in the individual reservoirs. The greatest zooplankton abundance ( N ), number of taxa ( n ), Shannon’s diversity ( H' ), and species eveness ( J' ) was noted in reservoir Chabielice ( N mean = 1311 ind. L −1 , n = 26, H' = 2.09, J' = 0.64) which was dominated by eurytopic Rotifera species ( Keratella cochlearis , Keratella tecta , Keratella valga , Polyarthra longiremis , Filinia longiseta ). Their abundance was positively correlated with water pH and nutrient concentrations. Reservoir Kamień was characterized by the highest mean values of total suspension (9.6 mg L −1 ), chlorophyll a (Chl a ) content (10.4 μg L −1 ), and water temperature (20.0 °C). These factors significantly correlated with crustacean biomass. The thermal-oxygenation conditions, low trophic level, and low productivity of the water (Chl a = 5.4 μg L −1 ) in reservoir Północny determined the overall low zooplankton abundance ( N mean = 153 ind. L −1 ). Artificial water bodies of opencast mine drainage systems are biologically unstable, but they do have some characteristics of natural ecosystems, and they do take over their functions. Zooplankton is an indicator of their ecological functionality. Knowledge gained about such reservoirs could contribute to decision-making about strategies for water reclamation and how to manage it.

Topic: Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of the NASA ZPS Mark III 57.2-kN/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8.3 psi) Space Suit

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The NASA-developed space-suit configurations for Project Mercury and the Gemini Program originated from high-altitude-aircraft full-pressure-suit technology. These early suits lacked sophisticated mobility systems, since the suit served primarily as a backup system against the loss of cabin pressure and required limited pressurized intravehicular mobility functions for a return capability. Beginning with the Gemini Program, enhanced mobility systems were developed to enable crewmembers to perform useful tasks outside the spacecraft. The zero-prebreathe Hark III (ZPS Mk III) model of a higher operating pressure (57.2 kN/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8.3 psi)) space-suit assembly represents a significant phase in the evolutionary development of a candidate operational space-suit system for the Space Station Program. The various design features and planned testing activities for the ZPS Mk III 57.2-kN/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8.3 psi) space suit are described and identified.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Space Exploration and Technology
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Frequency of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate REDUCTASE 677CT and 1298AC mutations in an Iranian Turkish female population.

The frequency of MTHFR 677 C and T alleles were 0.74 and 0.26 while that of MTHFR 1298 A and C alleles were 0.63 and 0.37 in present study, respectively. This is the first report in its own kind in Iranian Azeri Turkish women.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Examining the role of human resource management in continuous improvement

The objective of this paper is to take a first step in developing a theoretical framework describing the role of HRM in successful CI, based on the current literature from both fields. To this end, elements from the CI Maturity Model and a framework depicting the role of HRM in innovation serve as a foundation for examining how specific bundles of HRM practices utilised during different phases of the CI implementation process may contribute to sustained organisational and enhanced operational performance. The primary contribution of this paper is theoretical; however, the framework has practical value in that it suggests important relationships between HRM practices and behaviours necessary for successful CI. A preliminary test of the framework in an empirical setting is summarised at the conclusion of this paper, where a number of possible research avenues are also suggested.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Anatomical comparison of wild-type and non-nodulating mutant chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>)

Non-nodulating chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mutant PM233B was characterized anatomically via comparison with its normally nodulating parent line ICC 640. Root hair and cortical cell infection threads, cortical cell division centers, and nodule formation were observed by light microscopy in serial root sections of ICC 640, but were absent in PM233B. Scanning electron microscope observations of inoculated root sections showed that ICC 640 and PM233B were indistinguishable in adsorption of chickpea Rhizobium strain CC1192. Thus, the rhizobial infection process was blocked in PM233B at a stage subsequent to root hair adsorption of bacteria, but prior to initiation of infection threads and root cortical cell division. Reciprocal shoot grafts between ICC 640 and PM233B demonstrated that the non-nodulation phenotype of PM233B was controlled by the root, and not the shoot, genotype. Key words: chickpea, Cicer arietinum, root nodule, symbiosis, non-nodulating mutant.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Working with Individual Plans: users' perspectives on the challenges and conflicts of users' needs in health and social services

In Norway, an Individual Plan (IP) is a statutory right and a tool for cooperation between the client in need of long-term, coordinated services and the public services. This study analyses the explicit needs of users, how the various actors in the IP process met these needs, as seen from the users’ perspective, and, finally, how disability influenced the outcomes. Participants expressed physical, psychological and social needs. These needs were similar for persons with physical or psychiatric health conditions, or for persons with an innate or acquired disability. However, time elapsed since a disability had been acquired did make a difference. The municipality or district of residence, the administrative and legislative boundaries, the interpretation of those and the coordinators’ position within the hierarchy of the system all affected how well users’ needs were met, indicating the existence of tension. This tension between the external conditions or framework of services and user participation may be an explanatory factor for the slow implementation of IPs

Topic: Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Semiparametric, Parametric, and Nonparametric ROC Analysis for Continuous Diagnostic Tests Using a Simulation Study and Acute Coronary Syndrome Data

We aimed to compare the performance of three different individual ROC methods (one from each of the broad categories of parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric analysis) for assessing continuous diagnostic tests: the binormal method as a parametric method, an empirical approach as a nonparametric method, and a semiparametric method using generalized linear models (GLM). We performed a simulation study with various sample sizes under normal, skewed, and monotone distributions. In the simulations, we used estimates of the ROC curve parameters a and b, estimates of the area under the curve (AUC), the standard errors and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of these estimates, and the 95% AUC confidence intervals for comparison. The three methodologies were also applied to an acute coronary syndrome dataset in which serum myoglobin levels were used as a biomarker for detecting acute coronary syndrome. The simulation and application studies suggest that the semiparametric ROC analysis using GLM is a reliable method when the distributions of the diagnostic test results are skewed and that it provides a smooth ROC curve for obtaining a unique cutoff value. A sample size of 50 is sufficient for applying the semiparametric ROC method.

Topic: Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multi-Glycomic\nCharacterization of Fiber from AOAC\nMethods Defines the Carbohydrate Structures

Dietary fiber has long been known to be an essential\ncomponent\nof a healthy diet, and recent investigations into the gut microbiome-health\nparadigm have identified fiber as a prime determinant in this interaction.\nFurther, fiber is now known to impact the gut microbiome in a structure-specific\nmanner, conferring differential bioactivities to these specific structures.\nHowever, current analytical methods for food carbohydrate analysis\ndo not capture this important structural information. To address this\nneed, we utilized rapid-throughput LC-MS methods to develop a novel\nanalytical pipeline to determine the structural composition of soluble\nand insoluble fiber fractions from two AOAC methods (991.43 and 2017.16)\nat the total monosaccharide, glycosidic linkage, and free saccharide\nlevel. Two foods were chosen for this proof-of-concept study: oats\nand potato starch. For oats, both AOAC methods gave similar results.\nInsoluble fiber was found to be comprised of linkages corresponding\nto β-glucan, arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and mannan, while soluble\nfiber was found to be mostly β-glucan, with small amounts of\narabinogalactan. For raw potato starch, each AOAC method gave markedly\ndifferent results in the soluble fiber fractions. These observed differences\nare attributable to the resistant starch content of potato starch\nand the different starch digestion conditions used in each method.\nTogether, these tools are a means to obtain the complex structures\npresent within dietary fiber while retaining “classical”\ndeterminations such as soluble and insoluble fiber. These efforts\nwill provide an analytical framework to connect gravimetric fiber\ndeterminations with their constituent structures to better inform\ngut microbiome and clinical nutrition studies.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The Possible Advantages of Cryoprecipitate Prepared From Fresh Frozen Plasma From Blood Stored for 24 Hours

Our study showed that 24CP has equal or greater levels of coagulation factors compared with CP. His indicates that our alternate approach for preparation of CP may enable more efficient use of blood collected in satellite blood collection centers and during blood drives.

Topic: Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low-energy spectra of 4n nuclei in a formalism of quartets

Low-energy spectra of 4n nuclei are constructed in a formalism of four-body correlated structures ("quartets"). Quartets are assumed to describe the lowest states of nuclei with four active particles outside the inert core of reference. States of 4n nuclei are represented as superpositions of states constructed in terms of these quartets. We discuss some applications of the formalism for nuclei in the sd shell.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of<i> Fasciola</i> Species Isolates from Nghe An Province, Vietnam, Based on ITS1 Sequence of Ribosomal DNA Using a Simple PCR-RFLP Method

Fascioliasis—a disease caused by Fasciola spp. (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea)—is considered as the most important helminthic infection of bovine, sheep, and buffalo in Vietnam. The aim of this study is to detect the genotype of Fasciola spp. isolated from bovine and buffalo in the Nghe An province, central Vietnam, using PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of the first nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1). Adult Fasciola spp. were isolated from bile ducts of bovine and buffalo in Nghe An province, Vietnam. Overall, 96 adult flukes from livers of slaughtered animals were collected from abattoirs of different areas. They included 7 samples from infected bovine and 89 samples from infected buffalo. 96/96 samples were identified as Fasciola species by ITS1 of rDNA. In this study, a PCR-RFLP method was used to distinguish between F. hepatica and F. gigantica in ITS1 of rDNA (680 bp) with Rsa I restriction enzyme. RFLP pattern with Rsa I produced a consistent pattern of 360, 100, and 60 bp fragments in F. hepatica , whereas F. gigantica worms had a profile of 360, 170, and 60 bp in size, respectively. The results showed that using PCR-RFLP based on the first internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA revealed that 93 out of 96 isolates were of Fasciola gigantica type, whereas three isolates presented an intermediate Fasciola . In the present study, F. gigantica and intermediate form were coexisting in bovine and buffalo in the Nghe An province of central Vietnam, whereas F. hepatica was not detected.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of [<sup>3</sup>H]HS665, a Novel, Highly Selective Radioligand for the Kappa Opioid Receptor

Herein we report the radiolabeling and pharmacological investigation of a novel radioligand, the N-cyclobutylmethyl substituted diphenethylamine [(3)H]HS665, designed to bind selectively to the kappa opioid peptide (KOP) receptor, a target of therapeutic interest for the treatment of a variety of human disorders (i.e., pain, affective disorders, drug addiction, and psychotic disorders). HS665 was prepared in tritium-labeled form by a dehalotritiated method resulting in a specific activity of 30.65 Ci/mmol. Radioligand binding studies were performed to establish binding properties of [(3)H]HS665 to the recombinant human KOP receptor in membranes from Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human KOP receptors (CHOhKOP) and to the native neuronal KOP receptor in guinea pig brain membranes. Binding of [(3)H]HS665 was specific and saturable in both tissue preparations. A single population of high affinity binding sites was labeled by [(3)H]HS665 in membranes from CHOhKOP cells and guinea pig brain with similar equilibrium dissociation constants, Kd, 0.45 and 0.64 nM, respectively. Average receptor density of [(3)H]HS665 recognition sites were 5564 and 154 fmol/mg protein in CHOhKOP cells and guinea pig brain, respectively. This study shows that the new radioligand distinguishes and labels KOP receptors specifically in neuronal and cellular systems expressing KOP receptors, making this molecule a valuable tool in probing structural and functional mechanisms governing ligand-KOP receptor interactions in both a recombinant and native in vitro setting.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences