jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Far-infrared Polarization Spectrum of <i>ρ</i> Ophiuchi A from HAWC+/SOFIA Observations

We report on polarimetric maps made with HAWC+/SOFIA toward Rho Oph A, the\ndensest portion of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular complex. We employed HAWC+ bands\nC (89 $\\mu$m) and D (154 $\\mu$m). The slope of the polarization spectrum was\ninvestigated by defining the quantity R_DC = p_D/p_C, where p_C and p_D\nrepresent polarization degrees in bands C and D, respectively. We find a clear\ncorrelation between R_DC and the molecular hydrogen column density across the\ncloud. A positive slope (R_DC &gt; 1) dominates the lower density and well\nilluminated portions of the cloud, that are heated by the high mass star Oph\nS1, whereas a transition to a negative slope (R_DC &lt; 1) is observed toward the\ndenser and less evenly illuminated cloud core. We interpret the trends as due\nto a combination of: (1) Warm grains at the cloud outskirts, which are\nefficiently aligned by the abundant exposure to radiation from Oph S1, as\nproposed in the radiative torques theory; and (2) Cold grains deep in the cloud\ncore, which are poorly aligned due to shielding from external radiation. To\nassess this interpretation, we developed a very simple toy model using a\nspherically symmetric cloud core based on Herschel data, and verified that the\npredicted variation of R_DC is consistent with the observations. This result\nintroduces a new method that can be used to probe the grain alignment\nefficiency in molecular clouds, based on the analysis of trends in the\nfar-infrared polarization spectrum.\n

Topic: Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic variability in the European bison (<i>Bison bonasus</i>) population from Białowieża forest over 50 years

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess potential post-bottleneck temporal genetic differentiation following the reintroduction of the species into the Białowieża Forest. Variability of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers was analysed for 178 individuals born between 1955 and 2005, divided by birth year into five temporal groups. Low overall allelic richness (AR) per locus (AR = 2.0) and a low overall expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.28) were observed. The overall FIS was not significantly different from zero. The mean FIS values were, however, significantly different from zero for individuals born between 1955 and 1965 (FIS = 0.19). A Bayesian computation was used to estimate effective population size (Ne) for each temporal group. We observed relatively small values of Ne ranging from 7.9 to 28.4. The low Ne values confirm that, despite a rapid growth of the bison population following the founder event, Ne increased only slowly.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Spatial Variation of Aerodynamic Parameters and Wind Erosion Potential in Southwestern Tarim Basin from Shifting Desert to Oasis

The southwestern Tarim Basin of China is a primary wind erosion damage and environmental degradation region characterized by shifting sand dunes, semi-shifting sand dunes, fixed sand dunes and oasis farmlands. To determine their relative susceptibility to wind erosion under different land cover types, wind velocity profiles were measured and used to determine friction velocity (u*) and aerodynamic roughness (z0) of the four land cover types throughout the wind erosion season of 2010–2012. The erodible particles contents of surface soil mass were analyzed. The u* averaged 0.33 ms−1, 0.44 ms−1, 0.61 ms−1 and 0.81 ms−1, while z0 averaged 0.39 mm, 13.58 mm, 39.51 mm and 310.8 mm for the shifting sand dunes, semi-shifting sand dunes, fixed sand dunes and oasis farmlands, respectively. The results showed that u* and z0 were both correlated with surface roughness properties of the underlying vegetation condition and z0 decreases with increasing wind speed due to the near surface plant roughness properties and wind flow. The erodible particles content were 56.92%, 60.17%, 65.80% and 74.56% for the shifting sand dunes, semi-shifting sand dunes, fixed sand dunes and oasis farmlands, respectively. These results indicate that though the oasis farmlands have the largest erodible particles content but with the greatest u* and z0, the dynamic wind conditions were not usually able to achieve by causing the dust emission. In contrast, the shifting sand dunes have the greatest potential for wind erosion due to lowest u* and z0.

Topic: Aeolian processes and effects
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulations of lipid membranes with atomic resolution

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. Larry Scott, Eric Jakobsson, Shankar Subramaniam, Harvey Gould, Jan Tobochnik; Simulations of lipid membranes with atomic resolution. Comput. Phys. 1 July 1998; 12 (4): 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.168715 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioComputer in Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanistic in vitro studies confirm that inhibition of the renal apical efflux transporter multidrug and toxin extrusion (<scp>MATE</scp>) 1, and not altered absorption, underlies the increased metformin exposure observed in clinical interactions with cimetidine, trimethoprim or pyrimethamine

Abstract Metformin is a common co‐medication for many diseases and the victim of clinical drug‐drug interactions ( DDI s) perpetrated by cimetidine, trimethoprim and pyrimethamine, resulting in decreased active renal clearance due to inhibition of organic cation transport proteins and increased plasma exposure of metformin. To understand whether area under the plasma concentration–time curve ( AUC ) increases relate to absorption, in vitro inhibitory potencies of these drugs against metformin transport by human organic cation transporter ( OCT ) 1, and the apical to basolateral absorptive permeability of metformin across Caco‐2 cells in the presence of therapeutic intestinal concentrations of cimetidine, trimethoprim or pyrimethamine, were determined. Whilst all inhibited OCT 1, none enhanced metformin's absorptive permeability (~0.5 × 10 −6 cm/sec) suggesting that DDI AUC changes are not related to absorption. Subsequently, to understand whether inhibition of renal transporters are responsible for AUC increases, in vitro inhibitory potencies against metformin transport by human OCT 2, multidrug and toxin extrusion ( MATE ) 1 and MATE 2‐K were determined. Ensuing IC 50 values were incorporated into mechanistic static equations, alongside unbound maximal plasma concentration and transporter fraction excreted values, in order to calculate theoretical increases in metformin AUC due to inhibition by cimetidine, trimethoprim or pyrimethamine. Calculated theoretical fold‐increases in metformin exposure confirmed solitary inhibition of renal MATE 1 to be the likely mechanism underlying the observed exposure changes in clinical DDI s. Interestingly, clinically observed increases in metformin AUC were predicted more closely when the renal transporter fraction excreted value derived from oral metformin administration, rather than intravenous, was utilized in theoretical calculations, likely reflecting the “flip‐flop” pharmacokinetic profile of the drug.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Injury Prevention, Safety Education and Violence in Relation to the Risk of Tooth Fracture among Korean Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the injury prevention-, safety education-, and violence-related factors pertaining to tooth fracture experience (TFE) in Korean adolescents. We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) in 2018. The 60,040 participants were selected using a complex sampling design from middle and high schools. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The explanatory variables, including school safety education and violence, were assessed in relation to prevention of traumatic injuries. Complex-samples multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explain the factors related to TFE over the past 12 months. The overall prevalence of TFE was 11.4%. Risk factors related to tooth fractures were not wearing a seatbelt on an express bus, not wearing helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles, clinical treatment due to injuries at school, injuries associated with earphone/smartphones use, and lack of school safety education such as danger evacuation training. The top risk factor was injuries associated with earphone/smartphone usage, followed by lack of familiarity with school safety education. Thus, to prevent tooth fractures among adolescents, schools should strengthen their safety education, including education regarding mobile device usage, and wearing a seatbelt and wearing a helmet. Care should be taken to manage facilities around the school and to prevent injury related to tooth fracture. Further studies on various risk factors related to tooth fractures are warranted.

Topic: Dental Trauma and Treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Implantation technique and complications of totally implanted arterial access systems for long-term therapy in patients with occlusive vascular disease.

Twenty-six totally implantable catheter systems for intra-arterial infusions were used in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. A total of 606 short-term infusions were administered via the system. The patients were observed up to 22 months. There was an over-all rate of complications in 15.3%. The complications described were: one catheter occlusion, one dislocation, one case of local infection and one case of arterial thrombosis. The latter was successfully treated with local lysis therapy. The system is distinguished from conventional methods of arterial access by its long-term use and the low incidence of complications. The system was extremely well accepted by the patients.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growth Kinetics of Gold Nanoparticle Formation from Glycated Hemoglobin

Gold nanostructures have always been a subject of interest to physicists, chemists, and material scientists. Despite the extensive research associated with gold nanoparticles, their actual formation mechanism is still debatable. The nanoscale rearrangements leading to the formation of gold nanostructures of definite size and shape are contradictory. The study presented in here details out a mechanism for gold nanoparticle formation in the presence of a biological template. The kinetics of gold nanostructure formation was studied using glycated hemoglobin as a biological template as well as the reducing agent. Particle formation was studied in a time- and temperature-dependent manner using different biophysical techniques. Here, we report for the first time spontaneous formation of gold nanoflowers which gradually dissociates to form smaller spherical particles. In addition, our experiments conclusively substantiate the existing postulations on gold nanoparticle formation from relatively larger precursor structures of gold and contradict with the popular nucleation growth mechanism.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 5 of Comparison between 5 extractions methods in either plasma or serum to determine the optimal extraction and matrix combination for human metabolomics

Additional file 5: Table S1. List of isotopic unlabeled and labeled standard analytes. Following information include specifications, stock solution concentrations stored at -80°C, and final solution preparations for each standards. Different final concentrationsare diluted in five solvents, acetonitrile, 0,1% formic acid/methanol, and 0,1% formic acid/acetonitrile) for each standards. A calibration curve is then created for the assessment of linearity, sensitivity and matrix effects. MI : 7 labeled standard mixed; MII : unlabeled organic acid commercial mix.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on tourism, well-being, and nature: a bibliometric analysis

Tourism offering well-being practices in nature has increased exponentially in recent years. The scientific interest in this subject has also grown at a similar rate, from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective. We present a bibliometric analysis using the search terms "tourism", "well-being", and "nature" disclosed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Combining quantitative and visual methods, we analyse 443 records on this topic according to seven items: productivity evolution, overlapping, geographical distribution, research areas, most important keywords, main sources, and most cited articles. The results show a growing interest in this topic as well as a need to review the literature in the two databases, conducting a search from a multidisciplinary approach.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Affordances are Signs

Peirce and Whitehead share a common project: to restrict the over-extension of reductionism, to show how matter must be sensate and to create an ontology of process and subjectivity. This article claims that biosemiotics can assist this project. Moreover, it shows that the concept of affordance is a means to produce a theory of causation that embraces physical, natural and cultural levels of order.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Estimate of Retail Yield of the Four Major Cuts in the Beef Carcass

Linear measurements of muscle and fat, yields of untrimmed and trimmed wholesale cuts and trimmed retail cuts were obtained from a total of 99 left-sides of U. S. choice steer carcasses representing three weight groups. The yield of the four major wholesale cuts varied only slightly between weight groups, whereas the percent of trimmed wholesale cuts and retail cuts showed a highly significant difference among the weight groups. Percent trimmed round made the largest contribution to the multiple correlation coefficient in predicting percent retail yield. The area of the longissimus dorsi, when used in the regression equation with a single 12th rib fat measurement, percent kidney knob, and left-side weight made a significant improvement in the precision of the estimate. All of the fat measurements studied had highly significant simple correlations with percent retail yield. Two measurements, percent trimmed round and a single 12th rib fat measurement, accounted for 81% of the variation in percent retail cut yield.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis of a Chinese pedigree affected with microphthalmia/coloboma and skeletal dysplasia syndrome due to variant of MAB21L2 gene].

The c.151C>G (p.R51G) variant of the MAB21L2 gene probably underlay the microphthalmia in the proband. Above finding has facilitated prenatal diagnosis for this pedigree.

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Saisho MS74 Personal Stereo Speaker System NEW BOXED BNIB NoS

Sold for $132.80+ did not come with any player | pictured on box as supposed to be for the Saisho PS 33 EQ. Two speakers connected to one 3.5mm aux auxiliary headphone audio input cord Comes in case fit to carry both speakers and a walkman type cassette player or radio Comes with sealed manual Comes with original box 2 way 4 speaker system Shoulder strap Battery operated 6 volt dc mains adaptor socket Built in power amp amplifier 3 1/2 woofers 1 1/2 tweeters Made in Korean

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Land will tear us apart: family-farm division and real estate market in Slovenia (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries)

The article addresses the question of family and farm in the eastern Alpine area in the pre-statistical period in the case of Slovenia. In particular, it questions the prevalence of the ‘Bauer-type’ family, in which the farm is indivisible, the male farm head has a pronounced autocratic power, while his siblings and other family members are relegated to a subordinate role. Since family and kinship history research in early modern rural Slovenia doesn’t offer sufficiently solid foundations, the division of farms is investigated as a signal of the absence of the ‘Bauer’ model and instead of the presence of a partible succession system. The figures on farm division in different areas in the long run are integrated by information on inheritance and dowry practices, taken from the literature and archival sources. Furthermore, by identifying the actors on the peasant land market, who were entitled to sell and purchase farms and plots, family and gender-related aspects of land-ownership rights are disclosed.The research combines scholarly literature with archive sources to present regional overviews and case studies, on which it reconstructs a wholly original and comprehensive insight into family, farm and land market in Slovenia. The resulting picture is more complex than the simple extension of the ‘Bauer’ family-type would suggest, somehow resembling the composite situation of Tyrol, and it reverses the existing interpretation in Slovenian literature. In fact, farm divisibility seems to prevail, although indivisibility was present. Partible succession was the rule, both in the case of divisible and indivisible farms. The prevailing customary law among peasants was partible inheritance, preferably to males, combined with a dowry system and the separation of property between spouses.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Cyber security

The chapter examines cyber security risks. Reference to the Solarwinds infiltration. The boundaries of cyber space are defined based on four physical domains, air, land, sea and space, along with cyber space as a fifth man-made domain. Risk frameworks and cooperative networks operate at the national UK, European and global levels. These can include guidance from the G7, G20, FSB and the EU Cyber Agency. There are also UK-based forums and guidance, such as the FCA Guidance on Cyber Resilience. FCA SMR must incorporate evolving policies to match the sophistication of cyber attacks. Legal costs could be the tip of the iceberg in terms of harms caused by ransomware attacks. Legal and compliance functions are vital as independent challengers of agreed cyber security standards in third party supplier contracts. The chapter finishes by pointing out that cyber insurance contracts obligations may be conditional on evidence of implementing specific cyber risk frameworks, for example the NCSC Cyber Essentials Plus.

Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Henoch‐Schonlein Purpura after Measles Immunization

A threeyear‐old boy developed Henoch‐Schonlein purpura after measles immunization. To our knowledge Henoch‐Schonlein purpura in this setting has not been previously reported. This case illustrates that measles vaccine can act as an inducing factor Henoch‐Schanlein purpura.

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Graphic Novels and STEAM

Focusing on the interdisciplinary connections between STEAM education and graphic novels, this chapter first establishes historical and educational contexts for the use of graphic novels in STEAM education. A literature review focusing on the use of graphic novels in a science course as well as how graphic novels have been used in secondary classrooms will be discussed. Literature that is reviewed includes books, articles, and edited volumes. The strategies for implementing graphic novels in STEAM education promote constructivist learning as students are asked to access their intellectual and cultural capital in order to ascertain meaning from given content. Additionally, multimodality and multiliteracies are highlighted throughout the chapter. Finally, this chapter ends with linking the use of graphic novels in STEAM education to the power of narrative inquiry in educational contexts.

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A View from the South. France in African Eyes: Universalism and Francophonie Reassessed

To deal with the 'French exception' in regards to African writers and thinkers' is first and foremost to explore the journey of a discourse in the Other's imaginary and intellectual territory. Indeed, French exceptionalism, at least at the moment of its inception, was a discourse, but not any kind of discourse. It was (and still is) to a certain extent, a performative discourse, in Austin's sense (Austin 1975). As such, it aimed at putting into action words whose capacity for being real-ised rests, as Bourdieu shows, on them being uttered within institutions vested with the authority and power to enable them (1991). Even though the notion of French exceptionalism has appeared only in the last 20 years (Godin and Chafer 2005), the idea itself is apparently contemporary with the foundation of the French nation. Already in the late 18th century, authoritative politicians and organic intellectuals of the modern French state like Abbé Grégoire (Sepinwall 2005) and Jules Michelet (Hewlett 2005) sketched out its meaning in their own writings. Only more recently has a body of scholarly research appeared which is less concerned with manufacturing the exceptionalism of France than unveiling the fundamentals on which the purported exceptionalism is built. Some heuristic theoretical propositions have stemmed from this literature.KeywordsFrench RevolutionFrench LanguageAfrican LanguageFrench NationFrench CivilisationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Political and Social Issues
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences