jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Students’ Perception on Pedagogical Approaches and its Relation to Exam Performance in Professional Accounting Education

With the Malaysian government’s aim to increase the number of Bumiputera professional accountants, it is important for institutions to search for efficient ways in delivering professional accounting education in order to improve the performance of students. Despite the suggestion from prior literature to adopt student-centered pedagogy, the issue is still not much explored in professional accounting education. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether students’ perception on student-centered pedagogy and teacher-centered pedagogy are associated with the exam performance in professional accounting examinations. The approach of student-centered pedagogy is to promote students to actively take responsibility of their own journey of learning. This study gathered data from 88 professional accounting students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The results reveal that students prefer teacher-centered pedagogy. The results contrast the findings from western literature, and hence it reflects, the learning environment in Malaysia which is still passive. Additionally, the better perception of students on both pedagogies are positively significant with better exam performance, emphasizing the work of both students and teachers are essential for better exam performance. The emphasis on exam orientation in professional accounting education is seen as a limitation to implement student-centered pedagogy in professional accounting education. It implies that the classrooms in Malaysia are not adept into making a shift to empower students’ responsibility. This study adds value by highlighting the best practice that provides benefit to the professional accounting education in Malaysia.&#x0D; Keywords: Exam performance, Professional Accounting Education, Responsibility, Students-centered pedagogy, Teacher-centered pedagogy

Topic: Accounting Education and Careers
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED GROWTH REGULATORS ON DEVELOPMENT, DECORATIVE VALUE AND YIELD OF CORMS OF EASY POT FREESIA (Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt). PART II. ETHEPHON

Ethylene is a plant hormone which play an important role in regulation of physiological plant processes. However, use of ethylene for practical purposes is restricted by its multilateral activity. Experiments were carried out in the years 2006–2007, in summer-autumn period to evaluate the influence of concentration of ethephon solution (125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg dm-3) on growth, flowering, decorative value and yield of the offspring corms of three cultivars of Easy Pot Freesia: ‘Gompey’, ‘Popey’ and ‘Suzy’ grown from cormlets. Soaking corms in ethephon solution had an effect on the delay of germination and prolongation of vegetative phase. Corms soaked in ethephon solution of the highest concentrations, i.e. 1000 and 2000 mg dm-3 did not blossom. Regardless the cultivar the use of ethephon had an effect on the decrease of number of leaves set on main shoot and greenness index of leaves but also on the increase of number of shoots. The concentration 2000 mg dm-3 showed the strongest effect on the vegetative traits of plants. Ethephon affected also decorative value of freesia. The use of ethephon solution in concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg dm-3 had an effect on the decrease of length of main inflorescence shoot, and in concentrations of 125 and 250 mg dm-3 caused the increase of number of flowers in first inflorescence. Soaking corms in ethephon solution had an effect on the increase of coefficient of corm number increase but also on the decrease of coefficient of corm weight increase.

Topic: Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐Based Oxidation of Functionalized Phenols Containing Several Oxidizable Sites to p‐Quinones Using a Mesoporous Titanium‐Silicate Catalyst.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Demonstration Of Cascadability And Spectral Bistability In Bistable Diode Laser Amplifiers

We report the demonstration of cascadability in bistable diode laser amplifiers operated below threshold. A schematic of the experimental set-up is shown in Figure 1. There it is shown that the optical input to the first bistable diode laser amplifier is modulated by a mechanical chopper at frequency Ω <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . The output from the first bistable diode laser amplifier is then modulated at Ω <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 2Ω <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> using a second mechanical chopper. The light is thereafter used as the input to the second bistable device. When the input intensity to the second device is higher than a certain threshold, the output switches. These results are shown in Figure 2. For these experiments, each of the bistable diode laser amplifiers were carefully studied. Detailed bistability measurements at different bias currents and different cavity detuning's were performed. It was found that both the bistability loop and the switching power gets larger as the detuning increases. The size of the hysteresis loop also increased as the laser was operated closer to threshold. In a two beam experiment, it was found that the switching power in the data beam can be as small as 25 nW. Gains larger than 1000 have been demonstrated, indicating the large fan-out capability of these devices. The turn-on and turn-off times in these bistable diode laser amplifiers was measured to be faster than 1 ns and detector limited. These bistable diode laser amplifiers are the most efficient optical devices that have yet been demonstrated and will find applications in photonic switching networks.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Prior Perpetration and Victimization upon Assignment of Criminal Responsibility

A mock juror-simulation was utilized to determine the effect of observers' prior perpetration and victimization upon attributions of responsibility for an illegal act. 386 student subjects were presented a newspaper article depicting a court case of an individual being tried for one of two crimes, petty larceny or armed robbery. As predicted, prior victimization was significantly correlated with attributed responsibility. However, a significant relationship was not found between prior perpetration and attributed responsibility.

Topic: Jury Decision Making Processes
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of sediment burial disturbance on seedling survival and growth of Suaeda salsa in the tidal wetland of the Yellow River estuary

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sediment burial on survival, growth and dry mass allocation of seedlings of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. (Chenopodiaceae), an important pioneer species of tidal wetland near the Yellow River estuary. From April to June 2009, seeds were buried at 0.5 cm depth in plastic pots filled with sediment. Two weeks after emergence, seedlings were buried to depths of 0 (H0), 33% (H33), 67% (H67), 100% (H100) and 133% (H133) of their mean height. Results showed that seedling survivorship, height, absolute height growth rate, relative height growth rate, stem diameter, number and length of branches, dry mass and relative growth rate were significantly affected by burial depth (P < 0.01). Although dry mass allocations changed with increasing burial depth, allocations to root, stem and leaf were not significantly affected by burial depth (P > 0.05). No seedlings died in the partial burial treatment, approximately 18.06 ± 5.32% seedlings survived when they were completely buried, and no seedling survived when the burial depth reached 133% of the seedling height. Seedling height, absolute height growth rate, relative height growth rate, stem diameter, number and length of branch, dry mass and relative growth rate in the partial burial treatments were much higher than those of the unburied and completely buried treatments. With increasing burial depth, there was a tendency that both allocation to root and allocation to leaf increased, while allocation to stem decreased. The stem of S. salsa formed adventitious roots after being buried for less than 4 weeks, which was favorable for the survival and growth of seedlings, reflecting the fact that the S. salsa seedlings indeed exhibit a special adaptive strategy against rapid sediment burial in tidal wetland. The burial experiment also indicated that moderate burial disturbance (H33 and H67) increased seedling vigor, while strong burial disturbance (H100) reduced seedling vigor. The use of thin-layer sediment burial to promote the vigor of plants in degraded wetland is very feasible, and our results provide valuable practical information applicable to the restoration of degraded S. salsa wetland.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disequilibrium in Arts and Arts Education: Sustainability as Loss through Giving

Sustainability defined as ecological restoration and stewardship (Blandy, Congdon & Krug, 1998; Garoian, 1998), environmental justice (Hicks & King, 2007), and politicizing arts and arts education practices (jagodzinski, 2007) is expanded in this article by articulating the consumption and production dialectic and the resulting forms of waste as accumulation, squandering, and spoilage. The author argues that consumption and production (Bataille, 1988; Blandy, 2011; Garoian & Gaudelius, 2008; jagodzinski, 2007; Mauss, 1950/1990) relationships in arts education practices can serve as impetus to reconceptualize (Carpenter & Tavin, 2009) a sustained presence through disequilibrium by actualizing latent and consumed energies. The author posits that sustainability is possible through exchangeas-giving exemplified in Agnes Denes’ Wheatfield—A Confrontation (1982) and Tree Mountain–A Living Time Capsule (1996), Dominique Mazeaud’s The Great Cleansing of the Rio Grande (1987-1994), and Stephen Carpenter’s (2010) associated work in producing ceramic water filters for potable water.

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The efficacy of lung volume reduction coil practice to type-2 respiratory insufficiency in severe COPD cases

<b>Introduction:</b> Emphysema is a progressive and irreversible disease, proceeding with the decrease in elastic recoil which is connected to tissue damage caused by chronic inflammation. Endobronchial Lung Volume Reduction Coil method (LVRC) in patients with an advanced level of emphysema and irresponsive to medical treatment is shown to provide increase in lung volumes and exercise capacity, decrease in dyspnea, and increase in quality of life. <b>Aims:</b> The efficiency of volume reduction on hypercapnia is researched on two severe COPD patients who are followed because of hypercapnia and with the practise of LVRC on two lungs. <b>Methods:</b> Two woman cases at the age of 67 and 82. LVRC is practiced in both lungs upper lobs in cases with severe COPD (FEV1&lt;%45) and Type-2 respiratory insufficiency and having medical treatment and CPAP treatment. For one year, cases are followed by blood gas analysis. <b>Results:</b> The cases are seen to have significant decreases in PCO2 degrees in blood gas analysis since the 1st month of LVRC treatment <b>Conclusions:</b> LVRC can provide physiological and functional recovery and progress in quality of life in severe COPD cases. LVRC is considered to be an effective method not only in hypoxic respiratory insufficiency, but also in hypercapniac respiratory insufficiency.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation of Ordered Nanoporous Indium Tin Oxides with Large Crystallites and Individual Control over Their Thermal and Electrical Conductivities

Metal oxides are considered suitable candidates for thermoelectric materials owing to their high chemical stabilities. The formation of ordered nanopores within these materials, which decreases thermal conductivity (κ), has attracted significant interest. However, the electrical conductivity (σ) of reported nanoporous metal oxides is low, owing to electron scattering at the thin pore walls and many grain boundaries formed by small crystallites. Therefore, a novel synthesis method that can control pore walls while forming relatively large crystallites to reduce κ and retain σ is required. In this study, we used indium tin oxide (ITO), which is a typical example among metal oxides with high σ. Nanoporous ITOs with large crystallite sizes of several hundred nanometers and larger were successfully prepared using indium chloride as a source of indium. The pore sizes were varied using colloidal silica nanoparticles with different particle sizes as templates. The crystal phase and nanoporous structure of ITO were preserved after spark plasma sintering at 723 K and 80 MPa. The κ was significantly lower than that reported for bulk ITO due to the phonon scattering caused by the nanoporous structure and thin pore walls. There was a limited decrease in σ even with high porosity. These findings show that κ and σ are independently controllable through the precise control of the structure. The control of the thickness of the pore walls at tens of nanometers was effective for the selective scattering of phonons, while almost retaining electron mobility. The remarkable preservation of σ was attributed to the large crystallites that maintained paths for electron conduction and decreased electron scattering at the grain boundaries.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Algorithms of Resource Distribution for Information Security Between Objects of an Information System Based on the Game Model and Principle of Equal Security of Objects

&lt;p&gt;The modern methods to solve the practical tasks related to designing the information security systems in automated systems of different purpose rather often use models of the theory of games. The work, for resource distribution between securable objects, formulates a task of the two players’ game (a defender and a forward) with the zero-sum. The possible loss of a defender is used as a score. The statement of problem for each player, when holding the other player’s solution, is the task of linear programming with one restriction. For the solution of similar tasks the paper offers a linear programming method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a defender to search a solution, it is offered to use a saddle-point criterion. If the saddle point is not found, a criterion of the guaranteed result is used. For search of the saddle point, two algorithms are offered. Originally, an optimization algorithm, based on the sequential solution of the optimization tasks by each player, seeks the saddle point. If the first algorithm does not find the saddle point, there is a developed search algorithm of the saddle point based on the support of equal security of some objects of a securable system. For the support of equal security of some objects an offer is to solve a system of linear equations. For algorithm are formulated and proved sufficient conditions that the received solution is the saddle point.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If both algorithms did not find the saddle point, for a defender to obtain the solution, using a principle of guaranteed result is offered. The search algorithm of solution has been developed to provide the guaranteed result based on the algorithm of support of equal security in which it is possible to use the initial quality score or, in case there is no information about forward ‘s resources, the heuristic scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results of the task solution of resource distribution with the given basic data, as well as test results of the developed algorithms are provided.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Educación para la paz: una perspectiva fenomenológica sobre las percepciones de estudiantes de Pedagogía en inglés

Peace education emerged as a response to the harshness of World War I and subsequently continued to develop to provide a safe space for tolerance, empathy, and inclusion in cultures oppressed by violence. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the perceptions of English language teacher trainees at a private university on violence, conflict, and peace during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological methodology with the participation of 54 university students. The main findings show that the students became more aware of their conflicts, the sources of violence in their environment and the importance of language in the representation of the reality they construct. They also perceived themselves as peacebuilders and visualised the importance of this role in their future teaching profession.

Topic: Education and Teacher Training
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cinefluorographic Analysis of the Mechanism of Swallowing

In their work on the swallowing mechanism, the early investigators can at least be said not to have overlooked the anatomical probabilities. They found it logical to assume, for instance, that each of the mobile structures and muscles along the upper food channel must necessarily play an active part in the mechanism—"the uppermost first, and then according to their station." This broad assumption, by the way, has never been successfully disputed, and it gives to the rather speculative views of 18th century authorities such as Boerhaave (1) and Haller (2) a comprehensiveness not always evident in more recent work on the subject. Even comprehensiveness, however, can be overdone, as in Boerhaave's over-elaborate and confusing explanation of laryngeal airway protection. The experimental physiologist Magendie (1783–1855) did much to clarify and give perspective to the older views. We know that he first became interested in the problem while he was still an aide in anatomy at the Paris Faculty, and that his thesis for the medical degree in 1808 was concerned with the functions of the soft palate (3). Later he showed by a series of animal experiments that, although the epiglottis turns "downward and backward" in the second stage of swallowing, "so as to protect the entrance of the larynx," its action is in reality only a first line of defense, since the laryngeal airway is closed with "great exactness," at a lower level, "by the same muscles which control the glottis in the production of the voice." The paragraphs on deglutition in Magendie's Physiology (4) are important, not only because of his famous division of the mechanism into three stages (as compared with Boerhaave's five), but because he succeeds in enumerating nearly all of the major events of the sequence much as we think we know them today. Several items have since been added, notably the part played by the cricopharyngeus muscle and some of the particulars of reflex control, but nothing has been subtracted. Indeed, it can be argued that subsequent investigation has only confirmed and filled in the details of Magendie's original outline. In the latter part of the 19th century, the mechanism of swallowing, and especially of the esophageal stage, was carefully restudied in rabbits and in man with the aid of the stethoscope, stomach tube, and pressure balloon. Kronecker and Meltzer (5) amplified Magendie's remarks about the swallowing of liquids by stating that they are squirted through the pharynx and esophagus so fast as apparently to leave the peristaltic wave of contraction far behind. It remained for x-ray methods to show that in the pharynx the contraction wave actually follows in close contact with the tail of the liquid. Fluoroscopy and the bismuth swallow were first used in this field by Cannon (6), on a suggestion made by Bowditch in 1896.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Plannng primary education to ameliorate the wrenching effects of adjustment

Structural Adjustment Programme has negative effects on participation in primary schooling, funding of education and quality of primary education developing countries. Owing to the declining proportions of government budget to education, the growing number of children to educate and the rigidity of the institutional framework for planning, there has been serious gaps betvveen vision and action in the provision of education. Highlights of the suggested policyframework for improving the planning of primary education to ameliorate the effects of SAP in Nigeria include: expansion of access to schooling, improving equiry in the provision ofeducation, enhancing quality and learning achievements, imp roving teachers' performance, increasing funds and resources and managing them for optimum utilization. Practical activities for carrying out the policies are suggested.

Topic: African Education and Politics
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
9. Iron supplementation among low-income people: evidence from randomized controlled trials

Iron deficiency anaemia is a preventable cause of morbidity affecting millions of children and adults in poor communities of both developing and developed countries. Measurement of iron status is not always an economically viable option especially in developing countries. Long-term iron supplementation daily for 15 months in poor infants and young children was found safe in community-based controlled trials in Bangladesh. Another large community-based controlled study targeting low-income postpartum women in Mississippi showed effectiveness of a universal iron supplementation strategy in improving haemoglobin status and reducing the prevalence of anaemia.

Topic: Child Nutrition and Water Access
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences