jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BCR/ABL→STAT5 Pathway Stimulates Helix-Loop-Helix Id-1 Protein To Enhance the MMP9 - Dependent Invasiveness of Leukemia Cells.

Abstract BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase activates STAT5, which plays as important role in leukemogenesis (Nieborowska-Skorska et al., J.Exp.Med., 189:1229,1999). We reported before that the bcl-2 family member A1 and the proto-oncogene pim-1, the two downstream effectors of STAT5, collaborate in BCR/ABL-positive cells to induce protection from apoptosis and growth factor independence (Nieborowska-Skorska et al., Blood, 99:4531,2002). We show here that expression of the helix-loop-helix protein Id1 is enhanced by BCR/ABL in the STAT5-dependent manner. This effect requires activation of STAT5 by the signaling from SH3+SH2 domains of BCR/ABL. Enhanced expression of Id1 played a key role in the BCR/ABL-mediated cell invasion in vitro, but not in protection from apoptosis in the absence of growth factors and in promotion of growth factor-independent proliferation. Leukemogenesis in mice was prolonged after injection of BCR/ABL-positive cells, in which Id-1 was downregulated by the antisence cDNA. In addition, infiltration of central nervous system (CNS) by leukemia cells was also reduced if Id-1 was inhibited. Id1 was responsible for BCR/ABL-induced production of MMP9 metalloproteinase. Abrogation of MMP9 catalytic activity by a selective inhibitor or blocking antibody decreased the invasive capability of leukemia cells. These data indicate that BCR/ABL→STAT5→Id1→MMP9 pathway may play a critical role in the BCR/ABL-dependent leukemogenesis by regulation of the invasive capability of leukemia cells. Moreover, this pathway may protect CML cells from imatinib mesylate (IM) by facilitation of their localization in CNS, a sanctuary for leukemia cells during IM therapy.

Topic: Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Local Drag Law for Suspensions from Particle-Scale Simulations

Two-phase continuum descriptions of the dynamical behavior of particulate suspensions require, among others, the formulation of a "local drag law". Such a "law" specifies the mean force f l on particles as a function of averaged local properties, most notably, the mean difference velocity [Formula: see text] of particles and fluid and the local volume fraction Φ l . The subscript l shall indicate the dependence of these quantities on the size l of the averaging cell. We study f l by direct numerical simulation, solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation on a fixed, regular grid on a scale much smaller than the particle diameter. The particle–fluid interaction is computed by a method similar to the one proposed in [Fogelson and Peskin J. Comp. Phys.79, 50 (1988)]. We find a relation similar to the law of Richardson &amp; Zaki, [Formula: see text], which relates the local phase difference velocity to the local volume fraction of the particles.

Topic: Granular flow and fluidized beds
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structure and function in two tropical gallery forest communities: implications for forest conservation in fragmented systems

1. Composition, growth and turnover of trees in two species‐rich tropical gallery forests were examined to evaluate what community reorganization may be needed to transform recently created tropical forest fragments into stable refugia for regional forest biotas. 2. Rates of tree growth and turnover over a 5‐year interval were comparable to those recorded in continuous forests and in both communities there had been some tree species turnover in the measured stem size classes during the 5‐year interval. 3. The more abundant tree species in both communities formed three functional groups along gradients between streams and forest edges: edge‐concentrators, core‐concentrators and generalists. 4. Soil fertility showed no consistent increase close to streams and neither tree growth nor recruitment rates were increased in this zone. In contrast, forest edge zones exhibited increased rates of tree growth and recruitment indicating that growth processes in these forests are light‐limited rather than soil‐limited, and that forest edge zones are generally favourable habitats for tree populations. 5. Both communities showed signs of past fire incursions, and the tendency of a subset of tree species to concentrate in the more growth‐limited core habitats is attributed to their fire sensitivity. 6. Rapid development of an edge zone of fire‐insensitive tree species is considered to be essential to the survival of forest community fragments in the fire‐prone landscapes of the tropics, and the edges of gallery forests are recommended as potential sources of species with which to fashion these protective ecotones. 7. Preservation of a diverse forest biota in the fire‐protected interiors of fragments will require natural or artificially enhanced immigration rates that are sufficient to offset local extinctions.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Symptomatic Improvement After AV Nodal Ablation and Pacemaker Implantation for Refractory Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter

Symptomatic Improvement was evaluated in 64 patients with drug-refractory atrial fibril lation or atrial flutter who underwent atrioventricular (AV) nodal ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation. The arrhythmias were chronic in 40 patients and paroxysmal in 24 patients. All were refractory to multiple drugs (3.7 ±1.5) and had severe symptoms: palpitations (58 patients), dyspnea (n=58), dizziness (n=38), asthenia (n=37), and chest pain (n=20). All underwent AV nodal ablation and single- (n=39) or dual-chamber (n=25) pacemaker implantation. During follow-up of 20.4 ± 17.8 months, palpitations improved in 100% of 58 patients who had palpitations before the ablation, dyspnea improved in 75% of 58 patients, chest pain in 95% of 20 patients, asthenia in 75% of 37 patients, and dizziness in 93% of 38 patients. Moderate to significant improve ment in these symptoms was reported in 83% of patients and mild improvement in 5%. Before ablation, 77% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. After ablation, 19% of patients were in the same functional classes (P&lt;0.05). Thus, AV nodal ablation and pacemaker implantation in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation or flutter was associated with significant improvement in presenting symptoms and functional capacity. A randomized, controlled study is needed to compare this form of therapy with other therapeutic modalities.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metabolic studies within the angiogenic microenvironment as a potential target for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis dependent diseases

La angiogenesis es el proceso de formacion de vasos sanguineos a partir del lecho vascular preexistente. Una angiogenesis insuficiente o excesiva puede llevar al desarrollo de diversas patologias, entre las que se incluye el cancer. El metabolismo de celulas tumorales se ha estudiado desde principios del siglo XX y hoy dia se considera una de las senales distintivas del cancer. Mas recientemente aumento el interes por estudiar el metabolismo de las celulas endoteliales, las encargadas del proceso angiogenico, y su relacion con este proceso. En los ultimos anos se ha visto que inhibir ciertas reacciones del metabolismo energetico conlleva a su vez una inhibicion de la angiogenesis. Por tanto, el metabolismo de celulas endoteliales se presenta como una diana para el tratamiento de enfermedades dependientes de angiogenesis. La presente Tesis Doctoral se divide en cuatro capitulos. En el primero de ellos se estudio el metabolismo de celulas de cancer de mama triple negativo, y se observo que la glucosa aumenta la incorporacion de palmitato en estas celulas a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otras lineas de cancer de mama ER positivo. En el segundo capitulo se estudio el metabolismo de celulas endoteliales, y la mayor conclusion fue que no todos los modelos de celulas endoteliales son capaces de incorporar lactato extracelular. El tercer capitulo recoge el estudio de la posible capacidad anti-angiogenica del fasentin, un inhibidor de los transportadores de glucosa GLUT1 y GLUT4, obteniendo una modulacion debil de la angiogenesis. Por ultimo, en el capitulo cuatro se estudio el efecto del dimetilfumarato, un compuesto descrito como anti-angiogenico, en el metabolismo endotelial. Este compuesto disminuia la sintesis de serina y glicina en celulas endoteliales debido a la inhibicion de la actividad del enzima fosfoglicerato deshidrogenasa, mientras que aumentaba la capacidad glucolitica de las celulas.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative morphology of gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex across mammals

Abstract Gigantopyramidal neurons, referred to as Betz cells in primates, are characterized by large somata and extensive basilar dendrites. Although there have been morphological descriptions and drawings of gigantopyramidal neurons in a limited number of species, quantitative investigations have typically been limited to measures of soma size. The current study thus employed two separate analytical approaches: a morphological investigation using the Golgi technique to provide qualitative and quantitative somatodendritic measures of gigantopyramidal neurons across 19 mammalian species from 7 orders; and unbiased stereology to compare the soma volume of layer V pyramidal and gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex between 11 carnivore and 9 primate species. Of the 617 neurons traced in the morphological analysis, 181 were gigantopyramidal neurons, with deep (primarily layer V) pyramidal ( n = 203) and superficial (primarily layer III) pyramidal ( n = 233) neurons quantified for comparative purposes. Qualitatively, dendritic morphology varied considerably across species, with some (sub)orders (e.g., artiodactyls, perissodactyls, feliforms) exhibiting bifurcating, V‐shaped apical dendrites. Basilar dendrites exhibited idiosyncratic geometry across and within taxonomic groups. Quantitatively, most dendritic measures were significantly greater in gigantopyramidal neurons than in superficial and deep pyramidal neurons. Cluster analyses revealed that most taxonomic groups could be discriminated based on somatodendritic morphology for both superficial and gigantopyramidal neurons. Finally, in agreement with Brodmann, gigantopyramidal neurons in both the morphological and stereological analyses were larger in feliforms (especially in the Panthera species) than in other (sub)orders, possibly due to specializations in muscle fiber composition and musculoskeletal systems.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Creating and implementing a new visual identity

In 2015, Halton Healthcare, a hospital corporation in the GreaterToronto Area, began to create and implement a disciplinedvisual identity. To do so, the organization enhanced and reorganizedits communications capabilities. Over the next year,they created a new visual identity and applied it across threehospitals and several community-based care settings. The teamused an iterative approach, obtaining buy-in from internalstakeholders, including senior leadership. The result was anaward-winning new visual identity consonant with the mission,vision, and values of Halton Healthcare.

Topic: Healthcare Quality and Management
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Color centers induced by proton exposure in aluminum oxide hollow particles

The effects of proton (E = 100 keV, F = 54×1015 cm–2) exposure on the reflective spectra of Al2O3 hollow particles in wavelength range from 250 to 2500 nm have been investigated. Hollow particles were obtained by deposition nanoparticles on polystyrene balls in chitosan solution with subsequent heat treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectra of the material were analyzed for the O1s peak before and after irradiation. It has been established that radiation stability of the hollow particles is higher than that of Al2O3 microparticles. This effect is caused by the low concentration of color centers in the hollow particle due to lack of material in the bulk of particles.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advancing citizen participationh governance and the right to health in brazil : the role of the national health council in healt

Brazil has established a constitutional right to health for its citizens. The attention of commentators and the legal community has been focused on the role of the courts in defining the state’s obligation to provide access to certain forms of healthcare services. This dissertation focuses on a rather neglected aspect of Brazil’s right to health: citizen participation in health governance. In this dissertation I argue that Brazil’s right to health includes a state duty to establish a health system that incorporates citizen participation. The objectives of this dissertation are to analyze the constitutional requirements for citizen’s participation and to examine whether the National Health Council (“NHC”), the participation body at the national level of health governance -- meets these constitutional requirements. In pursuing these objectives, I analyzed Brazil’s constitutional and legislative framework for citizen participation, conducted qualitative interviews with a selection of Council’s members, and carried out naturalistic observations of Council’s meetings. The dissertation uncovers questions and concerns about the National Health Council’s compliance with constitutional requirements. The analysis identifies two key issues: Council members lack clarity with respect to the scope of the Council’s legal role, and the Council has not been given full legal authority to carry out its constitutional mandate. The legal analysis provides an understanding of the body of law governing participation in the NHC and its relation to the right to health requirements. The qualitative research yields important information about the practice of participation in the NHC, including the perspectives, understandings and critiques of NHC members. Together, the legal and qualitative research produce a deeper understanding of the constitutional mandate for citizen participation, as well as specific recommendations designed to ensure that participation in the National Council achieves the benefits sought through Brazil’s ambitious constitutional mandate. In addition, Brazil’s constitutional experience with participation in health may provide useful guidance to other countries considering evidence-based policies to foster responsive and accountable health governance through citizen participation.

Topic: Public Health in Brazil
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of varying dose and administration of streptozotocin on blood sugar in male CD1 mice.

Streptozotocin (STZ) is used to induce experimental diabetes in rodents. There is however, controversy as to whether STZ induced diabetes models type 1 or 2 diabetes. We show that the grade of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in male CD1 mice is dependent on STZ dose. A single injection of high dose (130 or 150 mg/Kg body weight) or multiple injections (2, 3, 4 or 5) of low dose (40 mg/Kg body weight) STZ was administered intraperitonealy in non-fasted mice. Blood glucose and body weight were measured over 21 days for high dose and 21 and 28 days for low dose administration. On day three, high dose treatment produced hyperglycemia and body weight loss in comparison to mice without STZ, however unstable hyperglycemias and several deaths were observed during treatment. Hyperglycemia and body weight loss were seen with three or more injections of STZ at 21 days, whereas 4 and 5 injections produced severe hyperglycemia but not death. Mild hyperglycemia (250-450 mg/dL) was seen after 28 days following three injections of STZ. Therefore we concluded that a high dose STZ produces severe hyperglycemia in mice similar to a type 1 diabetic, and three successive administrations of STZ induces mild hyperglycemia in mice similar to type 2 diabetics.

Topic: Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Experimental evidence on photo-assisted O$^-$ ion production from Al$_2$O$_3$ cathode in cesium sputter negative ion source

The production of negative ions in cesium sputter ion sources is generally considered to be a pure surface process. It has been recently proposed that ion pair production could explain the higher-than-expected beam currents extracted from these ion sources, therefore opening the door for laser-assisted enhancement of the negative ion yield. We have tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of various pulsed diode lasers on the O$^-$ beam current produced from Al$_2$O$_3$ cathode of a cesium sputter ion source. It is expected that the ion pair production of O$^-$ requires populating the 5d electronic states of neutral cesium, thus implying that the process should be provoked only with specific wavelengths. Our experimental results provide evidence for the existence of a wavelength-dependent photo-assisted effect but cast doubt on its alleged resonant nature as the prompt enhancement of beam current can be observed with laser wavelengths exceeding a threshold photon energy. The beam current transients observed during the laser pulses suggest that the magnitude and longevity of the beam current enhancement depends on the cesium balance on the cathode surface. We conclude that the photo-assisted negative ion production could be of practical importance as it can more than double the extracted beam current under certain operational settings of the ion source.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A female applied psychologist: Franziska Baumgarten

In spite of her rich scientific output and active contributions to psychology, Baumgarten’s name is seldom cited in works on the history of psychology, and there are very few biographical works about her. The present essay is designed to remedy that neglect by highlighting the salient points of her intellectual and professional career from the early years education spent among the thousand books of her father’s library until her final interest in traumatic war experiences. This life report is better clarified by personal and social factors. A particular attention is then paid to those meetings which defined the line of her research. The first important meeting took place in 1911 in Berlin, where Baumgarten took Hugo Münsterberg’s course on applied psychology in industry. Her enthusiasm for this branch of psychology derived from personal experience: she had grown up in an industrial city and her house was surrounded by factories. Consequently, she specialized in that field and became a member of the board of directors of the International Psychotechnical Association. The second occasion, her marriage with a Jewish child psychiatrist, led her to deal with diagnostic-methodological themes, such as intelligence, memory, thought, and character. These two lines of research are examined in-depth.

Topic: Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Subfield: General Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A guide to unmanned aerial vehicles performance analysis—the MQ‐9 unmanned air vehicle case study

Abstract Great efforts are devoted for integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RES) on the propulsion system of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). This is applicable to small UAVs, having a horizon to expand to large UAVs within the next decades. For the conventional propulsion systems to be replaced, the required power needs of the aircraft should first be examined. The required power depends on the UAV's flight stage from takeoff to landing, whereas its calculation varies with regard to the propulsion system type, which is separated into two main categories, the propelled‐driven engines and the jet engines. Two obstacles are arising. First, the parameters needed for the power estimation are commercially sensitive and second the analysis alters with respect to the engine's type. This paper focuses on the mathematical analysis of the required power for both the main propulsion systems, presented extensively for each flight phase, proposing, at the same time, a parameter estimation method which is applicable to any UAV type. The main purpose of this paper is to act as a guide for the calculation of any type UAV's required power at any flight stage. To validate the analysis, the MQ‐9 Reaper/Predator B, a High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) turboprop UAV produced by General Atomics is analysed. Its unknown parameters are estimated and based on a selected flight profile, the required power in terms of horsepower from takeoff to landing is assessed, for two scenarios regarding the aircraft's initial weight. In the first scenario the UAV has the maximum gross takeoff weight, whereas in the second scenario it does not carry any payload. The estimated required shaft power per flight phase for each scenario is then marked into the TPE331‐10 turboprop engine characteristic curves.

Topic: UAV Applications and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A good man is impossible to find: Brokeback Mountain as heteronormative tragedy

This paper analyzes the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain in the light of the heterosexual female viewers who responded so favorably to the film. It speculates that the contemporaneous media mainstreaming of the uncloseted homosexual resulted in a parallel need for a psychosocial reconfiguring of the heterosexual; and that it was in this odd and anxious space that, for these viewers, the film’s potency may have subconsciously resided. In effect, the film, which pivots on the power of lies that closetedness engenders, was indirectly — and safely — addressing anxieties regarding marital fidelity, which were potentially being stoked, so the author argues, by the recent emergence of cyberspace.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences