jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[The behaviour of homologous leucocytes in short term cell cultures: the mitogenic potency of granulocytes].

Normale menschliche Blutlymphozyten wurden in vitro bis zu 10 Tagen in der Gegenwart von homologen Granulozyten kultiviert. Lymphozytentransformation fand sich vom 2. Tage an bis zum Ende der Beobachtungszeit. Mitosen traten nach dem 4. Tage auf. Die morphologischen Veranderungen der durch Granulozyten stimulierten Lymphozyten gleichen denen, die fur andere zellulare oder losliche Mitogene beschrieben wurden. Granulozyten scheinen Mitomycin C-vorbehandelten Lymphozyten als DNS-Aktivatoren in homologen Kulturen leicht uberlegen zu sein, die morphologischen Veranderungen sind jedoch identisch. Der zeitliche Gipfel der Reaktion liegt — gemessen am Maximum der DNS-Syntheseraten — zwischen dem 5. und 6. Kulturtag. Frische Granulozyten sind gute Mitoseinduktoren. Sie Schemen als rasch desintegrierende Endzellen in „one way“ Lymphozytenmischkulturen Anwendung finden zu konnen.

Topic: Blood disorders and treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of Recipient Age on Long-Term after Liver Transplantation

Background Due to increased aged population, the number of the worlds people older than 60 years will rise to 2 billion in 2050 and improved health of this group (Life expectancy at age 65 and 75 year old increased from 16.4 and 10.4 in 1980 to 19.1 and 12.1 in 2010), surgeons are carrying out surgical procedures on more and more elderly patients including solid organ transplantation. In the field of liver transplantation, demand of grafts for elderly increases. Methods Data from all consecutive liver transplantation patients from January 1990 to December 2016 were collected from a dedicated monocentric database. The present retrospective study relies on data prospectively collected and updated. Patients who underwent auxiliary liver transplantation were excluded. Two cohorts of patients further subdivided into elderly and young groups were studied: First cohort included all liver transplant recipient between 18-65 vs >65 years old and the second cohort included liver transplant recipient between 50-65 vs > 65 years old. Overall survival (OS) and graft survival (GS) were explored in both comparative groups. Young liver transplant recipients were compared to elderly, after using a propensity score matching (PSM) method. The propensity score for an individual was calculated given the covariates of donor age and gender, cause of donor death ICU donor stay (days), recipient gender, recipient medical condition, indication for liver transplantation, child and cardiovascular risk factors. A 1:1 nearest neighbor matching was performed without replacement to minimize conditional bias. For each liver transplant performed in young group, a patient in elderly group with a minimum tested in distance of propensity score was matched. Results Among 1126 patients, multiple caliper widths were tested. A caliper width of 0.01 resulted in the best trade-off between homogeneity and retained sample size. In the first cohort, after PSM, 208 patients were matched and an association between recipient age and graft and patient survival was found (p = 0.010). Regarding long-term outcomes analysis in the second cohort (n = 206), 5 and 10-year OS rates were 63% and 52% vs 64% and 45% (p = 0. 50) in young vs elderly recipients, respectively. Five and 10-year GS rates were 62% and 52% vs 62% and 44% (p = 0.50) in young vs elderly recipients, respectively. (p = 0.42). Conclusions Elderly age has an impact on long-term outcomes in liver transplant. Advanced age alone should not exclude a patient from LT but a meticulous preoperative evaluation and careful follow-up is imperative.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mine Field Detection and Identification Using THz Spectroscopic Imaging

The spatial, temporal, and spectroscopic characteristics associated with pulsed THz (100 GHz –70 THz) radiation provide this emerging technology with the potential for reliable identification of buried objects such as non-metallic landmines. With a suitable integration of these attributes, one can envision a THz detection platform that provides: (1) accurate identification of buried objects, and (2) a source-to-sample working distance that is sufficient for remote sensing applications. In our preliminary laboratory studies, we have demonstrated the detection capabilities of THz radiation by imaging a small rubber object embedded in a moist, sand-like soil. Despite the significant attenuation of the THz radiation via water absorption and particle scattering, the initial transmission results showed that pulsed THz imaging could identify the non-metallic object when buried in a few inches of soil. The sub-millimeter resolution observed in our THz images illustrates the potential to discriminate landmines from other buried objects. Finally, THz calculations and measurements determined that our current THz source and detector has sufficient SNR to detect a buried object to a depth of 6 inches in moist sand.

Topic: Terahertz technology and applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract 4877: Discovery of paralog-specific SUMO1 and SUMO2 functions using human cancer knockout cells

Abstract Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) are ∼100-amino acid polypeptides that function as posttranslational protein modifications and thereby regulate many essential cellular processes, many of which are relevant to cancer. Vertebrates express five SUMO paralogs (SUMO1-5), of which, SUMO1 and SUMO2 are the most widely studied. Biochemical and in vivo studies suggest that SUMO1 and SUMO2 have non-redundant functions, however, the full range of their distinct activities are not fully understood. Understanding these unqiue functions and their molecular bases could lead to more precise therapeutic interventions that target the SUMO pathway. To help define SUMO paralog-specific functions, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout (KO) individual SUMO genes in osteosarcoma U2OS cells. We observed that SUMO2 KO cells were unique in exhibiting a change in cell morphology, changing from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like, thus revealing a potential role for SUMO2 in affecting cell shape. To test the hypothesis that the observed change in morphology is driven in part by changes in gene expression, we sequenced the transcriptome of the parental and SUMO KO cell lines. In alignment with the observed change in SUMO2 KO cell shape, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were uniquely enriched in SUMO2 KO cells. Further consistent with SUMO1 and SUMO2 having unique effects on transcription, we found a significantly greater number of unique DEGs in SUMO2 KO cells as compared to SUMO1 KO cells. Furthermore, an overwhelming number of DEGs were down-regulated in the SUMO1 KO cells, suggesting a specific role for SUMO1 in activating, or maintaining, gene expression. In contrast, DEGs in SUMO2 KOs were equally up and down regulated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SUMO1 and SUMO2 have unique biological roles and we look forward to better characterizing these paralog-specific functions in future studies. Citation Format: Danielle Bouchard, Wei-Chih Yang, Michael J. Matunis. Discovery of paralog-specific SUMO1 and SUMO2 functions using human cancer knockout cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4877.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Land and Informational Approach to the Technological Security of Nuclear Testing Site Economic Use

Abstract As of today, nuclear tests are prohibited by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) that was adopted by the 50th session of the UN General Assembly in 1996. However, in the more than 50 years of nuclear testing, more than 2000 nuclear explosions have been carried out on nuclear test sites. Nuclear tests have caused irreversible damage to the local environment, in particular to the nuclear test sites themselves. Most of them have been shut down and have not been used for a long time. Today there have been attempts to use radiation polluted lands for economic purposes. The article explores the practice of topographic and cadastre surveys in the nuclear testing facility at Semipalatinsk. The goal of these measures is a land survey to measure the radioactive pollution and identify possible uses of the land with different degrees of pollution for economic purposes of the residents of the nuclear testing facility and its environs. The article introduces the term “forced land use”, which results from the fact that people inhabit territories that have been previously polluted by radiation. The developed land and information approach proposes to divide the area into zones depending on the degree of radiation pollution and possible types of economic activities. Land survey involves a land mapping that shows the registered amounts of radionuclide. Methods of geoinformation analysis and secondary radiactive contamination distribution simulation are employed to conduct the land survey and establish possible economic uses.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hybrid attention based vehicle trajectory prediction

Accurately predicting trajectory of vehicles is a key capability for autonomous vehicles during real-world driving scenarios, which requires the autonomous vehicles to perceive the surrounding environment and analyze the track histories to judge the driving intentions of the focused surrounding vehicles in order to make decisions for the next trajectory route. In this paper, we propose a hybrid attentional trajectory prediction model incorporating both temporal attentional and spatial attentional mechanisms, which has a temporal attentional model that can be used to capture important temporal information affecting trajectory prediction and a spatial attentional mechanism that can better introduce spatial dependencies and potential driving intention information of surrounding and target vehicles. The models are evaluated for performance on publicly available highD and NGSIM datasets. By comparing the results with other state-of-the-art models for trajectory prediction, it is found that the model achieves an improvement in prediction performance, indicating that this model can more accurately learn driving information from the spatio-temporal perspective of the target driving vehicle’s attention. Further, by qualitatively analyzing the distribution of attention weights from the spatio-temporal perspective, we assessed the interpretability of the model on the maneuverability judgment of the vehicle.

Topic: Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of Mrs. Hallam in the Hodgkinson-Hallam Controversy: 1794-1797

John Hodgkinson began his career as an acting apprentice in the English provinces in 1781 at the age of fifteen. Eleven years later, having earned an impressive reputation for his acting skills, he joined Lewis Hallam's Old American Company in New York as its leading performer. Skillful in farce, comic opera, and serious drama, Hodgkinson's versatility was praised in America as superior to any performer who had preceded him. At Philadelphia's Southwark Theatre and New York's John Street, Hodgkinson rose rapidly in public favor; by 1794 he had become co-manager with Hallam of the oldest and most distinguished professional company in the country. During the next three years, Hodgkinson and Hallam had frequent disputes over managerial policies, and in 1797 Hallam resigned, leaving control of the company to Hodgkinson and his partner, William Dunlap, who was to have his own quarrels with Hodgkinson over the next five years.1 Dunlap's version of Hodgkinson's troubles with the Old American Company was published in his History of the American Theatre in 1832, twenty-seven years after Hodgkinson's death. Also, Dunlap's Diary, published in three volumes in 1930, records his frequent encounters with Hodgkinson and Hallam and the business of running the company's theatres. Dunlap had the last word in the quarrels, for his portrait of Hodgkinson as an arrogant and ruthless performer who possessed an inordinate ambition for power has been unquestioned by theatre historians down to the present.2 But there is enough

Topic: American History and Culture
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The differentiation status of luminal-type breast cancer–derived organoids can be altered in vitro through the activation of NOTCH signaling

Abstract Background Drug therapy of luminal-type breast cancer has advanced remarkably; however, its effectiveness continues to be limited by primary and acquired treatment resistance. To identify the means of overcoming such resistance, in vitro disease models that faithfully reproduce the characteristics of original patient tumors must be developed. Although the three-dimensional culturing of breast cancer cells has been improved, the changes in differentiation status and underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. Methods The organoids from 33 luminal-type breast cancers were prepared using a method developed by us. Using immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling, the levels and time courses of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki67, and differentiation marker expression were monitored during culture as well as the variation among the patients and individual organoids. Furthermore, we examined the effect of NOTCH inhibitor treatment on differentiation status. Results We successfully prepared organoids from samples obtained from 33 patients with luminal-type breast cancer and studied their ER expression. The expression status was well maintained in primary organoids, whereas it decreased after passaging in most of the cases. In fact, the studied organoid lines were classified into those that retained a high level of ER expression (9%), those that completely lost it (9%), and those that repressed it to varying degrees (82%). In some cases, the ER expression was suddenly and drastically decreased after passaging. Marker protein immunohistochemistry revealed that after passaging, the differentiation status shifted from a luminal- to a basal-like status. Differentially expressed genes suggested the activation of NOTCH signaling in the passaged organoids, wherein a NOTCH inhibitor was able to substantially rescue the decreased ER expression and alter the differentiation status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the differentiation status of luminal-type cancer cells is quite flexible, and that by inhibiting the NOTCH signaling we can preserve the differentiation status of luminal-type breast cancer organoids.

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comment on essd-2021-93

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Management of marine fisheries and ecosystems is constrained by knowledge based on datasets with limited temporal coverage. Many populations and ecosystems have been perturbed long before scientific investigations have begun. This situation is particularly acute for the largest and commercially most valuable species. We hypothesized that historical trap fishery records for bluefin tuna, <em>Thunnus thynnus</em>, could contain catch data and information for other, bycatch species, such as swordfish, <em>Xiphias gladius</em>. This species has a long history of exploitation and is presently overexploited, yet indicators of its status (biomass) used in fishery management only start in 1950. Here we examine historical fishery records and logbooks from some of these traps and recovered ca. 110 years of bycatch data (1896&ndash;2010). These previously-neglected, but now recovered, data include catch dates and amounts in numbers and/or weights (including individual weights) for the time period before and after major expansion of swordfish fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. New historical datasets such as these could help understand how human activities and natural variability interact to affect long-term dynamics of this species.

Topic: Identification and Quantification in Food
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
JOURNAL OF THE Iranian Chemical Society Acetone Extraction and HPLC Determination of Acrylamide in Potato Chips

A new sensitive method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid extraction for the analysis of acrylamide (AA) in potato chips is reported. The method comprises extraction with acetone using ultrasonic bath and reversed phase C18-AQ (2 × 250 mm) column with water as eluent. Flow rate was 0.15 ml min-1 and the column temperature was kept constant at 40 °C. The analysis was performed using a 20 µl injection loop and a UV detector adjusted at 202 nm. In this condition, the retention time for AA was 8 min. A linear calibration curve (regression coefficient = 0.999) in the range of 20-400 ng g-1 was used for quantitative purposes. Limit of detection (LOD) (signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1) for the method was 2.46 and 3.14 ng g-1, respectively. Extracted samples and standard solutions with different concentrations of AA were analyzed repeatedly in one day and different days to estimate the repeatability and reproducibility of the method. Analysis of variance on the obtained data showed no significant difference between variances in different days. Using the proposed method, different potato chips samples were analyzed in different days in another

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been consistently implicated in the etiology of obesity, whereas recent evidence on the importance of sedentary time remains inconsistent. Understanding of dose-response associations of PA and sedentary time with overweight and obesity in adults can be improved with large-scale studies using objective measures of PA and sedentary time. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength, direction and shape of dose-response associations of accelerometer-based PA and sedentary time with body mass index (BMI) and weight status in 10 countries, and the moderating effects of study site and gender. METHODS: Data from the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adult study were used. IPEN Adult is an observational multi-country cross-sectional study, and 12 sites in 10 countries are included. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days, completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and reported height and weight. In total, 5712 adults (18-65 years) were included in the analyses. Generalized additive mixed models, conducted in R, were used to estimate the strength and shape of the associations. RESULTS: A curvilinear relationship of accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous PA and total counts per minute with BMI and the probability of being overweight/obese was identified. The associations were negative, but weakened at higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA (&gt;50 min per day) and higher counts per minute. No associations between sedentary time and weight outcomes were found. Complex site- and gender-specific findings were revealed for BMI, but not for weight status. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, the current Institute of Medicine recommendation of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous PA to prevent weight gain in normal-weight adults was supported. No relationship between sedentary time and the weight outcomes was present, calling for further examination. If moderator findings are confirmed, the relationship between PA and BMI may be country- and gender-dependent, which could have important implications for country-specific health guidelines.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Welfare State Reform in France

The French welfare state is often presented as very peculiar. From abroad, it seems both complex and hybrid, since it mixes different logics of social policies. In France, one often emphasizes this complexity in order to show the specific features of such a model, which has two consequences. First, French people are very attached to their welfare state, which seems to them unique in the world, as a treasure to keep safe from globalization. This is an important aspect of the French welfare state, helping to understand the social debate about it and the reforms adopted. Second, this complexity, together with its image of uniqueness, has long prevented French scholars from grasping it as a whole, and from integrating it into a comparative perspective, by establishing a dialogue with the international literature of comparative social policy and Welfare state studies. Traditionally, studies about social protection in France have been the prerogative of historians and administrators in charge of this question. As a result, research has remained segmented along social risk lines, without a more global questioning. Since the 1990s, the French literature on the topic has begun to integrate accounts of the international literature, and to adopt a more comparative approach. This has helped the comprehension of its fundamentally Bismarckian features, since social insurances of la Sécurité sociale constitute the core of the French welfare state. However, the resurgence of social assistance schemes in the 1990s, typical of liberal welfare regimes, has contributed to a blurring of the analysis of the direction that social protection has been taking since then. Nowadays, the literature about the French welfare state is rich and dynamic, adopting more systematically a comparative perspective, which allows an understanding of the reforms undertaken to adapt it to the new socioeconomic context. New paths for further research have opened in order to seize this new context and examine the way social protection could be reformed so as to remain both financially sustainable and fair for everyone. New social risks, such as the conciliation of work and family life, elderly care, or transition to adulthood, need to be at the core of further research. The strategy of “social investment” fostered in the international literature as well as at the EU level, which tries to tackle these risks by changing the paradigm of social policies, lacks implementation in France. It also supposes a dialogue between welfare studies and studies on education, since skill formation is seen as a decisive point from both an economic and a social cohesion point of view.

Topic: Social Policies and Family
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences