jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AgentAvatar: Disentangling Planning, Driving and Rendering for Photorealistic Avatar Agents

In this study, our goal is to create interactive avatar agents that can autonomously plan and animate nuanced facial movements realistically, from both visual and behavioral perspectives. Given high-level inputs about the environment and agent profile, our framework harnesses LLMs to produce a series of detailed text descriptions of the avatar agents' facial motions. These descriptions are then processed by our task-agnostic driving engine into motion token sequences, which are subsequently converted into continuous motion embeddings that are further consumed by our standalone neural-based renderer to generate the final photorealistic avatar animations. These streamlined processes allow our framework to adapt to a variety of non-verbal avatar interactions, both monadic and dyadic. Our extensive study, which includes experiments on both newly compiled and existing datasets featuring two types of agents -- one capable of monadic interaction with the environment, and the other designed for dyadic conversation -- validates the effectiveness and versatility of our approach. To our knowledge, we advanced a leap step by combining LLMs and neural rendering for generalized non-verbal prediction and photo-realistic rendering of avatar agents.

Topic: Face recognition and analysis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Xanthogranuloma Of the Antrum

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery journal

Topic: Infectious Disease Case Reports and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Johnsongrass (<i>Sorghum halepense</i>) Control as Influenced by Timing of Asulam and Fertilizer/Cultivation Applications

Field studies were conducted over 3 yr to evaluate rhizome johnsongrass control with asulam applied POST at 3.7 kg ai/ha 3 d before fertilization (DBF) or 0, 3, 7, 10, or 14 d after fertilization (DAF). Liquid fertilizer (18-6-12) was applied with injector knives at 0, 112, or 224 kg N/ha 5 cm on each side of a 60-cm line of rhizome johnsongrass present on 1.8-m-wide conventional sugarcane beds. Johnsongrass response to timing of asulam application after fertilization varied among years but was not affected by fertilizer rate. Johnsongrass control with asulam applied 3 DBF was greater than applications made 0, 3, or 7 DAF. With one exception, differences in johnsongrass control following fertilization and asulam application times were also reflected in the biomass of treated johnsongrass and its regrowth harvested 6 and 10 wk after asulam application, respectively. Reduced johnsongrass control associated with asulam application following fertilization was related to stress from root/rhizome injury during fertilizer placement rather than the quantity of fertilizer applied.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bioactive compounds from Euphorbia schimperiana with cytotoxic and antibacterial activities

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia schimperiana total extract, fractions, and isolated secondary metabolites were investigated. The cytotoxicity assays were assessed against four human cancer cell lines HCT116, MCF7, HePG2, and PC3 as well as against normal cell line RPE1. The plant total extract, fractions, and pure compounds were more effective against PC3 and HepG2 cell lines than HCT116 and MCF7. Significant results were observed for ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions against PC3 with IC50 of 4.7 μg/ml for ethyl acetate, however, n-hexane exhibited 100% cytotoxicity up to 6.25 μg/ml. The antibacterial potential activity was achieved on four pathogenic Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions had more valuable results (p < 0.05) against the tested pathogenic bacteria than total extract and n-hexane fraction. The major components of n-hexane were determined by GCMS analysis and 14 compounds were tentatively identified. Chromatographic isolation of ethyl acetate and n-butanol afforded 7 secondary metabolites: Quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-α-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide-methyl ester (3), quercetin-3-O- α-L-rhamnoside (4), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (5), 3,3′-di-O-methyl-ellagic acid-4-β-D-xylopyrnoside (6) and 4-O-ethylgallic acid (7). Structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The inhibition zones of pure compounds revealed that compounds 4,6 and 7 exhibited antibacterial efficiency against all tested strains. A significant inhibition for 4-O-ethylgallic acid (7) was recorded against Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Promising cytotoxicity of pure compounds was observed for 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (5) against PC3 with IC50 of 5.5 μg/ml.

Topic: Bioactive Natural Diterpenoids Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Unexplained liver dysfunction in a young Chinese man with eosinophilia

A 37-year-old man complained of a 7 months’ history of yellowish skin and sclera accompanied by fatigue, pruritus and dry mouth, with a history of subcutaneous masses on his elbow. Hard and fixed subcutaneous masses were noted on his palm and periauricular region, the largest of which was approximately 2 cm in diameter (figure 1A). Mildly tortuous veins on his abdominal wall above the umbilicus were detected (figure 1B). The patient had no history of liver disease. Family history was not contributory. Laboratory tests demonstrated a leucocyte count of 2.9×109/L (3.97–9.15×109/L), 7.9% eosinophil (0.5%–5%), a total bilirubin of 94.5μmol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of 67.8 U/L (11–50 U/L) and serum IgG of 23.3 g/L (7–16 g/L), IgG4 of 3.48 g/L (0.08–1.4 g/L) and IgE of 256 IU/mL (0–100 IU/mL). Coagulation function tests revealed prothrombin time of 14.8 s (9.4–12.5 s), international normalised ratio (INR) of 1.33 and …

Topic: Eosinophilic Disorders and Syndromes
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[A case of a slow-growing, non-mucin-producing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with a 9-year clinical history before thoracoscopic surgery].

A 73-year-old woman was followed up with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) from 2000 through 2002 because an area of ground-glass opacity in area S1 + 2 of the left upper lobe was found on HRCT in August 2000. The opacity was present on ordinary CT scans obtained in 1993, but had not been recognized. Thoracoscopic partial resection of the left lung was performed on October 8, 2002. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen showed localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (Noguchi's type B). Tumor doubling time was 1718 days from 1993 to August 2000 and 273 days from August 2000 through 2002. This case of adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar growth was characterized by initial slow growth followed by accelerated growth, no mucin production, and a long interval from the detection of opacity to surgery.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of EFG1 gene silencing on down-regulation of SAP5 gene, by use of RNAi technology.

Efg1 transcription factor is believed to be the main regulator of hyphal formation under many different conditions. In addition, it is responsible for positive regulation of the expression of several hyphal-specific genes. SAP5, which encodes secreted aspartic proteinase, is one of the mentioned genes and is crucial for pathogenicity properties. In the present work we have established the experimental conditions for the use of siRNA in the diploid yeast Candida albicans in order to knock-down the EFG1 gene expression as well as the Efg1-dependent gene, SAP5. The 19-nucleotide siRNA was designed according to cDNA sequence of EFG1 gene in C. albicans and modified-PEG/LiAc method was applied for yeast transfection. To quantify the level of both EFG1 and SAP5 gene expression, the cognate mRNAs were measured in C. albicans by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and data was consequently analyzed by use of REST® software. Images taken by fluorescent microscopy method indicated the effectiveness of transfection. According to REST® software data analysis, expression of EFG1 gene decreased about 2.5-fold using 500 nM of siRNA. A 7-fold decrease in EFG1 gene expression was observed when applying 1 µM of siRNA (P<0.05). Consequently, the expression of SAP5 was significantly down-regulated both in yeast treated with 500 and 1000 nM of siRNA (P<0.05). In conclusion, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is likely to be considered as a promising approach to discover new gene targets so as to design fungal-specific antifungal agents, and it is strongly possible that we are taking the right way to battle with C. albicans-associated infections.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Romanticism, Modernity, and Virtual Reality: An Overview and Reconceptualisation of the Field

Virtual reality is one of the most prominent of the terms used to describe the postmodern world.In the last two decades, there has been discussion of virtual communities, virtual politics, virtual identities, and even virtual realism.Already in 1995 Jean Baudrillard, in an article entitled 'The Virtual Illusion', reported 'the transformation of life itself, of everyday life, into virtual reality' (107).Despite its contemporary valence there is no extended history of the term and no agreement on how the phenomena it names should be understood.Yet, as Katherine Hayles observes in How we became Postmodern, we must 'understand the complex interplays that went into creating the condition of virtuality' if we are 'to demystify our progress towards virtuality and see it as the result of historically specific negotiations rather than ... technological determinism' (18).In the following pages I argue that the roles played by virtual reality in contemporary culture are to a surprising degree anticipated and conditioned by developments in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. 1 Discussions of 'virtual reality', a term coined by Jaron Lanier in 1986 (Heim 32), initially focussed on the technology that supports it.Kreuger writes, for example, that virtual reality 'typically refers to three-dimensional realities implemented with stereo viewing goggles and reality gloves' (xiii).The problem with definitions such as these is that, by linking virtual reality to 'cutting-edge' technologies, they confine virtual reality to the present and so preclude attempts to compare digital virtual-realities with those constructed in other eras and with other media.

Topic: Visual Culture and Art Theory
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A Prospective Interventional Study on Quality of Life in Tuberculosis Patients

BACKGROUND : Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infections known toaffect humans and in spite of the new treatment strategies and observations; it remains one of the most substantial causes of death in the world. Studies focusing on the QOL among TB patients are limited and no such investigation has been considering the fact that improvement in health-related QOL is an important factor for better response for treatment among TB patients. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life including physiological, general health perception and social role functioning among patients with tuberculosis. METHODOLOGY : A prospective interventional study for a period of 6 months has been carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Prior permission has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VelsUniversity. Tuberculosis patients of both sex, aged between 18-65 years on anti-tubercular therapy were included. SF-12 Questionnaire was used to assess the Mental Component Scoring (MCS) and Physical Component Scoring (PCS).The patient was counselled after 14 days, again MCS and PCS were assessed. RESULTS : A total of 109 patients were taken for the study. There was an improvement in physical and mental status of TB patients. DISCUSSION : HRQL or health related quality of life is a relatively new index for TB patients. The QoL assessed for the cases when compared with that of the control group helped in the evaluation of the impact of TB on QoL of patients. Our study included assessment of Socio-psychological & exercise adaptation score on 12 parameters (SF-12 Scale) to evaluate a health status in patients at the start of treatment and after the IP phase of treatment.HRQL scoring was sensitive to changes in the quality of life of patients as demonstrated by statistically significant differences in score changes observed at the end of treatment. The present study revealed that there was a significant difference between the scores of physical component scoring (PCS) and mental component scoring (MCS) patient. In the present study, it was concluded that the scores of the men were significantly higher than those of the women in the dimensions of SF 12 in active cases. CONCLUSION : This study illustrates that the HRQL scoring for tuberculosis (SF-12 Scale) patients shows the changes in the quality of life after giving counselling to the patients and this should be made mandatory for all TB patients during their treatment course which would help the patients for the betterment of their treatment and improves their quality of life.Improved physical and mental status of the TB patients in this study implies the positive impact of patient counselling which will improve success rate of the treatment.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Surface Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of Breast Cancer Using Turbid Optical Phantoms

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease within today’s modern society, affecting 1 in 8 women and 1 in 870 men within a lifetime. With the introduction of mammographic breast screening in 1987 and marked improvements to targeted therapies, mortality rates declined, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and tailored treatment to halt disease progression in its foremost stages. Histology assessed biopsies, alongside initial two-view mammographic imaging, are paired as the current diagnostic “gold standard”. The need to incorporate several techniques, applying an “all-angles” approach to diagnostics, provides an effective, streamlined diagnostic pathway, reducing patient wait times between testing and results – crucial in preventing disease progression. Optical spectroscopic techniques for the characterisation of biomolecular compounds and structures present within tissue are fast becoming the biomedical analysis tools of choice, coming to the forefront of clinical applications. Raman spectroscopy is one such technique providing highly chemically specific results, in a non-ionising and non-invasive way. When used in conjunction with metal nanoparticle probes, the inherently weak Raman signals of the biomolecules surrounding the nanoparticle surface undergo extensive levels of enhancement – an eponymous technique, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). This thesis is split into two principal areas of study. The first explores extrinsic SERS nanoparticles at depth within optical phantoms, “imaged” in a Transmission orientation, mimicking the composition of the breast within a cranio-caudal mammographic imaging position. The second concerns the micro-Raman quantification of gold nanoparticles, functionalised to a biocompatible level for the active targeting of hydroxyapatite – a calcium apatite form which, when dominant within breast microcalcifications, act as a biomarker for malignancy. Key aspects drawn from the results include a greater understanding of Raman reporter gold nanoparticles at depth, and how the absorption profile of the sample material affects the garnered intensity profile. The synthesis of a novel nanoparticle probe was also founded, with promising future applications in terms of targeting and theranostic capabilities. Furthermore, a protocol into the implementation of an automated mapping system within an open optical set up is given, detailing the software, hardware and electrical installation requirements. The advantages of Raman spectroscopy integration within current diagnostic practices are highlighted, with limitations such as nanoparticle biocompatibility issues, the inherent optical properties of biological tissues, and system conditions touched upon.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
RNA viruses, M satellites, chromosomal killer genes, and killer/nonkiller phenotypes in the 100-genomes <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains

Abstract We characterized previously identified RNA viruses (L-A, L-BC, 20S, and 23S), L-A–dependent M satellites (M1, M2, M28, and Mlus), and M satellite–dependent killer phenotypes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 100-genomes genetic resource population. L-BC was present in all strains, albeit in 2 distinct levels, L-BChi and L-BClo; the L-BC level is associated with the L-BC genotype. L-BChi, L-A, 20S, 23S, M1, M2, and Mlus (M28 was absent) were in fewer strains than the similarly inherited 2µ plasmid. Novel L-A–dependent phenotypes were identified. Ten M+ strains exhibited M satellite–dependent killing (K+) of at least 1 of the naturally M0 and cured M0 derivatives of the 100-genomes strains; in these M0 strains, sensitivities to K1+, K2+, and K28+ strains varied. Finally, to complement our M satellite–encoded killer toxin analysis, we assembled the chromosomal KHS1 and KHR1 killer genes and used naturally M0 and cured M0 derivatives of the 100-genomes strains to assess and characterize the chromosomal killer phenotypes.

Topic: Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Calcipotriene Betamethasone Dipropionate Aerosol Foam in the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis: A Review of the Literature

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated skin disease which has a significant impact on patients' quality of life, and is associated with numerous comorbidities (i.e., psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease and cardiovascular disease). A greater understanding of its immunopathogenesis has guided the development of novel, more targeted therapies. Nonetheless, traditional treatment with topical agents, phototherapy and systemic medications is used in the management of the majority of psoriasis patients. Mainstay topical treatments include corticosteroids and vitamin D derivatives. Calcipotriene/betamethasone dipropionate aerosol foam is a novel single product combination, which seeks to provide superior therapeutic efficacy in addition to enhanced cosmetic properties. This article reviews the literature on the pharmacology and clinical data in terms of safety, efficacy and patient satisfaction of this topical medication.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interactions above 10 Gev

One of the interesting conclusions drawn from the still rather meager data on interactions above 10 GeV is that such interactions are, by and large, an extension in magnitude and complexity of those in the 1to 10-GeV range. The interaction parameters are relatively constant as energy is increased, and there is little evidence for substantial changes in the processes involved. Thus it will be appropriate to introduce this topic with a summary of interactions occurring at lower energies but still pertinent to the energy range under discussion. TYPES OF HIGH-ENERGY INTERACTIONS

Topic: Particle Detector Development and Performance
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agent Fenofibrate

We evaluated the economic efficiency as well as the clinical effectiveness on serum lipid levels of a change in drug therapy from bezafibrate or a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor to fenofibrate. Subjects were 26 outpatients suffering from type IIb or type IV hyperlipidemia who visited our hospital between October 2000 and January 2001. Medication doses, and serum lipid levels were recorded prior to the change to fenofibrate and at 6 months after the change. Medical costs were also calculated at the same time points. A significant reduction in medical costs of 14.9% was observed following the change to fenofibrate. Serum lipid levels were not significantly different, although an increase in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) was observed in patients changing from the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The actual drug costs were reduced by 21.8% in the bezafibrate to fenofibrate group and by 23.7% in the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to fenofibrate group. Although the drug costs of changing to fenofibrate decreased significantly, other costs remained almost unchanged.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhancing economic development through economic empowerment: Challenges for women

Status of women around the world varies among parts of the world.Some developing countries like Africa, the status of women is low compared to the developed countries.There is an urgent need to&#13;\ngive attention to the needs and problems of women to enable them to enjoy and exercise their rights and opportunities; thus, women can be part of a group contributing to national development. Generally, women and economy often are separated as two different identities in enhancing the sustainable economy.The facts that the number&#13;\nof women working in the industries is less than the number of men are no longer false.Therefore, the paper aims to discuss women empowerment specifically in regard to economic empowerment.&#13;\nThree elements, namely microfinance, education and legal aid that contribute towards economic empowerment for women also will be argued in the paper.The challenges women faced towards achieving&#13;\neconomic empowerment also will be discussed.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences