jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN-A (FNBP-A) AS A POTENTIAL VACCINE ANTIGEN FOR PREVENTION OF INFECTION OF ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLANTS.

Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is most commonly caused by skin-derived, biofilm-forming staphylococci, with Staphylococcus aureus being most virulent and MRSA becoming a substantial problem. Cephaloporins are almost universally used as prophylaxis against PJI, yet Methicillin - resistant S aureus (MRSA) is becoming increasingly common in hospitals, nursing homes and now in the community. Such strains are not susceptible to cephalorsporins or to a range of other antimicrobials. In view of this increasing antibiotic resistance, an alternative approach to preventing S. aureus PJI is needed, and we propose that vaccination is a promising approach. Having regard to the distinct pathogenesis of PJI, this must target key events in infection establishment, such as adhesion to the implant, via the plasma conditioning film, mediated by bacterial binding proteins. It must also have the potential to protect against all S. aureus regardless of antibiotic resistance profile. Fibronectin-binding protein-A (FnBP-A) is one example, but the potential of FnBP-A as a PJI vaccine candidate has not been thoroughly investigated and data in previous literature are contradictory. Methods: Here, polyclonal rabbit antibody against recombinant(r) FnBP-A binding domain was produced and investigated for the first time for activity against S. aureus adhesion to rabbit plasma-conditioned steel coupons in-vitro. Results: The adhesion of homologous S. aureus 8325-4 (fnbA+, fnbB+), and a heterologous MRSA arthroplasty isolate was significantly (p The implications of this are that vaccination using this peptide might be expected to protect patients about to undergo elective arthroplasty from infection with S aureus whatever its antibiotic susceptibility, so offering a realistic solution to the problem of increasing resistance.

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of Intrinsic Muscle Weakness on Muscle–Bone Crosstalk in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Bone and muscle are highly synergistic tissues that communicate extensively via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder of severe bone fragility and recently recognized skeletal muscle weakness. The presence of impaired bone and muscle in OI leads to a continuous cycle of altered muscle–bone crosstalk with weak muscles further compromising bone and vice versa. Currently, there is no cure for OI and understanding the pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle weakness in relation to the bone pathogenesis of OI in light of the critical role of muscle–bone crosstalk is essential to developing and identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for OI. This review will highlight how impaired skeletal muscle function contributes to the pathophysiology of OI and how this phenomenon further perpetuates bone fragility.

Topic: Connective tissue disorders research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Responses of different income groups to tax on sugar-sweetened beverages:a censored demand approach

This paper investigates the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) taxes on consumption, bodyweight and tax burden for low-income, middle-income and high-income groups using an Almost Ideal Demand System and 2011 Household level scanner data. A significant contribution of our paper is that we compare two types of SSB taxes recently advocated by policy makers: A 20% flat rate sales (valoric) tax and a 20 cent/L volumetric tax. Censored demand is accounted for using a two-step procedure. We find that the volumetric tax would result in a greater per capita weight loss than the valoric tax (0.41 kg vs. 0.29 kg). The difference between the change in weight is substantial for the target group of heavy purchasers of SSBs in low-income households, with a weight reduction of up to 3.20 kg for the volumetric and 2.06 kg for the valoric tax. The average yearly per capita tax burden on low-income households is $17.87 (0.21% of income) compared with $15.17 for high-income households (0.07% of income) for the valoric tax, and $13.80 (0.15%) and $10.10 (0.04%) for the volumetric tax. Thus, the tax burden is lower, and weight reduction is higher under a volumetric tax.

Topic: Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Critical language teaching in a dynamic language policy terrain: lessons from the Brazilian Science without Borders student mobility programme

ABSTRACT This article reports on a case study of English language learning in higher education, considering the impact of language policies embedded within a mobility scholarship programme on the practices of language teachers. Based on a larger ethnographic study following the experiences of several undergraduate members of one cohort of Brazil’s Science without Borders programme for students in science and technological fields, this article describes how several language teachers engaged with the power relations of the frequently shifting policy terrain of the programme. It concludes with a discussion of possibilities for teachers in similar situations who endeavour to take a critical approach to language teaching and explores some of the tactics they might employ against those policies which they see as incompatible with their practices.

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ocular Tension in Glaucoma Simplex

Heterotromeric G-proteins of the Gq family are thought to transduce signals from group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in central neurons. We investigated roles of this cascade in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) by using null-mutant mice lacking the α subunit of Gq (Gαq) or G11 (Gα11). We found no obvious abnormalities in the morphology, layer structure, expression of NMDA receptors, and basic parameters of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of Gαq mutant mice. We used theta burst stimulation (TBS) (3–10 burst trains at 5 Hz; each train consisted of five stimuli at 100 Hz) to induce LTP at Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapses. Conventional TBS with 10 burst trains induced robust LTP in wild-type, Gαq mutant, and Gα11 mutant mice. Weak TBS with three burst trains consistently induced LTP in wild-type mice. In contrast, the same weak TBS was insufficient to induce LTP in Gαq and Gα11 mutant mice. In wild-type mice, the LTP by weak TBS was abolished by inhibiting group I mGluR or protein kinase C (PKC) but not by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Prior activation of group I mGluR by an agonist significantly enhanced the LTP by weak TBS in wild-type mice. However, this priming effect was absent in Gαq mutant mice. These results indicate that the signaling from group I mGluR to PKC involving Gαq/Gα11 does not constitute the main pathway for LTP, but it secures LTP induction by lowering its threshold in the hippocampal area CA1.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hybrid molecular-continuum fluid models: implementation within a general coupling framework

Over the past three years we have been developing a new approach for the modelling and simulation of complex fluids. This approach is based on a multiscale hybrid scheme, in which two or more contiguous subdomains are dynamically coupled together. One subdomain is described by molecular dynamics while the other is described by continuum fluid dynamics; such coupled models are of considerable importance for the study of fluid dynamics problems in which only a restricted aspect requires a fully molecular representation. Our model is representative of the generic set of coupled models whose algorithmic structure presents interesting opportunities for deployment on a range of architectures including computational grids. Here we describe the implementation of our HybridMD code within a coupling framework that facilitates flexible deployment on such architectures.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Critical evaluation of dialytic adequacy].

At present it is difficult to define the concept of dialysis adequacy correctly. The paper analyses two of the parameters which are commonly used for this purpose: Kt/V and the behaviour of Beta-2 microglobulin, molecular antipodes for the removal of uremic toxins. A critical analysis is made of the validity of methods to calculate the former and the reliability of the latter. Attention is focused on the fact that an evaluation of dialysis adequacy cannot be limited to theoretical observations regarding the removal of solutes, but must also be integrated by the clinical observation of patients and the commencement of support therapy (pharmacological and/or nutritional and/or physical). In this manner, the adequate treatment of the uremic patients is not entrusted solely to the technological component.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica ((Lam.) Cogn.) accessions in Ethiopia

Anchote is an indigenous tuber crop with a good source of protein and calcium. Despite the presence of different accessions of the crop, little is known about the nutritional and anti-nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content of anchote accessions grown in the East Arsi Zone of Ethiopia. Tubers from 20 accessions of anchote were collected from the research farm of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Ethiopia. The dried tubers of each accession were grounded separately into fine powder following standard procedure and used for nutritional and anti-nutritional content determination. Result showed that, the nutritional compositions varied from: water (65.38%–77.13 %), ash (1.82%–2.85 %), crude fat (0.55%–1.45 %), crude fiber (2.22%–4.02 %), crude protein (6.29%–13.00 %), carbohydrate (6.78%–19.68 %), total starch (39.22%–72.74 %), and energy (74.73%–123.66 %). Phytate concentration ranged from 208.06 mg/100 g to 273.87 mg/100 g, while tannin content was recorded at the lowest (1.19 mg/100g) and highest (44.4 mg/100g). Mineral contents were in a range from calcium (66.81–177.13 mg/100g), magnesium (19.64–35.82 mg/100g), potassium (250.47–523.72 mg/100g), sodium (0.51–4.19 mg/100g), phosphorus (38.91–93.45 mg/100g), iron (0.16–0.65 mg/100g), manganese (0.08–0.27 mg/100g), copper (0.17–0.29 mg/100g), and zinc (0.23–0.46 mg/100g). This study showed that anchote tubers contain a significant amount of essential nutrients. Accessions greatly vary in their nutritional and anti-nutrition compositions. Therefore, anchote accessions with higher nutritional values could be used in breeding and food product development targeting nutritional enhancement.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predictors of audiological outcome following cochlear implantation in adults

The objective of this study was to examine variables that may predict open set speech discrimination following cochlear implantation. It consisted of a retrospective case review conducted in a tertiary referral centre with a cochlear implant programme. The patients were 117 postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant recipients. The main outcome measures were Bench, Kowal, Bamford (BKB) sentence scores recorded nine months following implant activation. The variables studied were age at the time of surgery, sex, duration of hearing loss, aetiology of hearing loss, residual hearing, implant type, speech processor strategy, number of active electrodes inserted. Variables found to have a significant effect on BKB following univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors. Multivariate ordinal regression analysis gave an odds ration of 1.09 for each additional year of deafness prior to implantation (confidence interval 1.06–1.13; p<0.001). Duration of deafness prior to implantation is an independent predictor of implant outcome. It accounted for 9% of the variability. Other factors must influence implant performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Agent-based decision support for social media influence in urban planning

A variety of social media platforms have been recently used for citizen engagement in urban planning. However, social media generate large datasets and complex relations, making it difficult for planners and policymakers to understand the influential factors on the interactions and actions of various actors. Agent-based modelling (ABM) makes it possible to capture the complex interactions between actors. However, it does not come with a mature methodology to capture and measure social media influence. Besides, most of the existing studies are from the discipline of computer science and lack approaches to make it useful for participatory planning. Therefore, this research explores an agent-based approach for measuring and simulating social networking influence in urban planning to support informed decision making. It contributes to bridging the gaps between ABM research, social media studies, and planning literature.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Treatment of End-Stage Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Shoulder

Background and purpose: Natural history of the rheumatoid shoulder will lead to upward migration, medialization and flattening of the humeral head causing loss of motion. Mechanically reversed shoulder Arthroplasty can prevent upward migration of humerus and restore shoulder motion. We evaluated pain relief and shoulder function after reversed Arthroplasty in RA; determined the rate of scapular notching; and determined the complication rate
	Patients and Methods: We identified 76 reverse shoulder artroplasties with RA from consecutive RA patients having the surgery from 2007 to 2013. Mean follow-up was 27 months (range 12-84) and mean age at operation was 70 years (range49-90) all patients were evaluated preoperatively and at follow-up study by an independent observer (our physiotherapists). Level of pain, range of motion were recorded and radiographes taken and analyzed by an orthopaedic surgeon.
	Results: Visual Analog Scale score for pain at motion decreased from 7.0 to 1.0 and score for pain at rest from 4.0 to 1.0. Some kind of complication developed to 11 (14%) patients. Notching occurred in 32% of shoulders but no loosening was seen.
	Interpretation: Reverse shoulder Arthroplasty improved shoulder functions with a low incidence of complications in Rheumatoid Arthritis. We believe it should be used more often in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis because the results with familiar total shoulders are disappointing in rheumatoid patients.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Finding Diverse Minimum s-t Cuts

Recently, many studies have been devoted to finding diverse solutions in classical combinatorial problems, such as Vertex Cover (Baste et al., IJCAI'20), Matching (Fomin et al., ISAAC'20) and Spanning Tree (Hanaka et al., AAAI'21). Finding diverse solutions is important in settings where the user is not able to specify all criteria of the desired solution. Motivated by an application in the field of system identification, we initiate the algorithmic study of k-Diverse Minimum s-t Cuts which, given a directed graph G = (V, E), two specified vertices s,t ∈ V, and an integer k > 0, asks for a collection of k minimum s-t cuts in G that has maximum diversity. We investigate the complexity of the problem for two diversity measures for a collection of cuts: (i) the sum of all pairwise Hamming distances, and (ii) the cardinality of the union of cuts in the collection. We prove that k-Diverse Minimum s-t Cuts can be solved in strongly polynomial time for both diversity measures via submodular function minimization. We obtain this result by establishing a connection between ordered collections of minimum s-t cuts and the theory of distributive lattices. When restricted to finding only collections of mutually disjoint solutions, we provide a more practical algorithm that finds a maximum set of pairwise disjoint minimum s-t cuts. For graphs with small minimum s-t cut, it runs in the time of a single max-flow computation. These results stand in contrast to the problem of finding k diverse global minimum cuts - which is known to be NP-hard even for the disjoint case (Hanaka et al., AAAI'23) - and partially answer a long-standing open question of Wagner (Networks 1990) about improving the complexity of finding disjoint collections of minimum s-t cuts.

Topic: Advanced Graph Theory Research
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computers in Quantitative TL-Chromatography

Abstract The paper presents a discussion of the use of computers, mainly of the micro-processor variety, in devices for the photometric quantitation of TL-chromatograms. First a brief survey is given of the principal features of contemporary photometers specifically designed for chromatographic applications. The most sophisticated and expensive of these are dual wavelength instruments and at the present state of development only these have as yet been computerized. It is, however, anticipated that in the near future the use of computers will spread also to the less sophisticated single wavelength devices with a moderate price tag. The advantages are ease of operation as well as superior performance characteristics. The former is achieved using a computer to control the internal operation of the photometer and some of the possibilities open in this regard are discussed. The improvement in performance is achieved in a different way. Photometric quantitation of TL chromotograms requires a number of mathematical operations upon the signal on its path between the light source and the output display. The computer permits the use of almost any kind of signal transforms, transforms which would be completely impractical to carry out by traditional techniques. The acquired and preprocessed signal, which in a conventional device would be directly fed to the output recorder, can be subjected to “after-processing” with a substantial further gain in performance. The results obtained by computerized analysis are available in alpha-numerical form. Both hard and soft copy devices can be used. If desired a graphical display in analog form can also be obtained. The output information provided by the computer can be stored in extremely compact form on magnetic tape or disc with very fast access and retrieval.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: meta‐analysis by geographic region with a focus on European patients

Abstract Aims To analyse clinical outcomes with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation according to geographic region. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, websites of regulatory agencies, clinical trials registers and conference proceedings for randomized controlled trials of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC: dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban or edoxaban) against warfarin for prophylaxis of stroke and systemic embolic events (SEE) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Two investigators independently extracted data. Relative risks of stroke and SEE as well as major bleeding depending on geographic region were estimated using a random effect meta‐analysis. Results Five trials in 72 963 patients were analysed; 32 089 (44%) patients were recruited in Europe (Western Europe: 13 676; Eastern Europe: 18 413). We found significant subgroup differences for stroke/SEE depending on the geographic region (interaction P = 0.003; I 2 88.5%), with a neutral effect of the DOAC vs . warfarin in Europe [relative risk (RR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.11, I 2 0%] and a significant reduction of stroke/SEE in other regions including North America, Latin America and Asia‐Pacific/other (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.83, I 2 33%). There was a similar reduction in risk of major bleeding in Europe (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92, I 2 0%) and in other regions (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72–1.02, I 2 78%). Conclusion The DOAC did not provide additional benefit in reducing the risk of stroke/SEE compared with warfarin in European patients with AF, but were generally associated with a lower bleeding tendency than warfarin regardless of geographic region.

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Selling to Sweden Case: SW-Development Ltd.

To be able to succeed in sales, a company is forced to have a sales strategy. Different strategies may be combined to achieve the most cost effective solution. This thesis concentrates on figuring out different sales strategies taking B2B (business to business) sales into consideration. Finally a proposition about the sales strategy for SW-Development Ltd. for Swedish markets is given. &#13;\n&#13;\nThis thesis was conducted during a practical training period at SW-Development Ltd. SW-Development Ltd is specialized in supply chain profitability improvement and provides solutions as a form of software. The intention of this thesis was to gather clear facts about the differences between Sweden and Finland for this internationalizing company. Information about the target country was gathered to a PESTLE –analysis for getting a broad overview. With this analysis the company may compare the differences and estimate resources needed for sales in Sweden. SW-Development Ltd. already has Swedish customers but with the help of this thesis they may improve the quality of their sales.&#13;\n&#13;\nSW-Development Ltd. has a very specialized product and therefore findings in this thesis cannot be generalized. However, overall knowledge about sales and the target country assisted on creating a unified entirety.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
3D TCAD simulation of single-event-effect in n-channel transistor based on deep sub-micron fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator technology

3D fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) n-channel transistor model is constructed by the accurate calibration between process information from OKI and Synopsys TCAD tool. Single-event-effect (SEE) simulations are conducted based on the 3D model to evaluate the collected charge from different heavy ion strike locations. The channel is the most SEE sensitive region along channel length direction in terms of the collected charge. The TCAD simulations of the collected charge along channel width direction are constrained by the boundary condition. This paper provides the guide for the SEE hardening improvement of the FDSOI process and device structure.

Topic: Radiation Effects in Electronics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences