jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IC‐P‐109: Efficacy of Manual Hippocampal Volumetry and Voxel‐Based Morphometry (VBM) as Imaging Biomarkers in a Chinese Cohort of Alzheimer's Patients (AD) and Cognitively Normal Older Adults

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the hippocampus has been increasingly employed as biomarker in the diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We attempt to compare the efficacy of two techniques i.e. manual hippocampal volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a local Chinese cohort of AD patients and cognitively normal older adults. Participants in this prospective study consisted of 20 cognitively normal elderly subjects (17 females, 3 males), and 19 AD patients (14 females, 5 males) who met the criteria of probable AD according to NINCDS-ADRDA. All recruited participants underwent detailed neuropsychological assessment. The average MMSE score of the AD patients was 16.6 ± 4.8 and 28.3 ± 1.9 for normal controls. High resolution T1-weighted 3D volumetric Fast Field Echo sequence was obtained using a 3.0 Tesla scanner. Bilateral manual hippocampal volumetry (using ANALYZE 7.0 software) was conducted alongside VBM of hippocampal regions-of-interest (ROIs), which were generated with standard (fig. 1) and DARTEL (fig. 2) registration (implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping SPM5 software). Normalisation with total intracranial volumes was employed for both methods. All normalised measurements (manually drawn right and left hippocampal volumes, right and left hippocampal-ROI VBM with standard or DARTEL registration) showed significant reduction (20-30%) in AD compared to normal elderly subjects (p < 0.05). In AD, significant correlations were found between MMSE scores and manual RH volumes, manual LH volumes, standard RH-ROI VBM, and DARTEL RH-ROI VBM, with Pearson correlations of 0.596 (p = 0.007), 0.511 (p = 0.025), 0.515 (p = 0.024) and 0.464 (p = 0.045), respectively but no correlation between MMSE and any volumetric measure in the control group. Logistic regression analysis results showed significant negative effects of all normalised measurements (except standard LH VBM) in predicting AD occurrence after adjusting for age, sex, and education. The overall prediction accuracies of manual RH volumes, manual LH volumes, standard RH-ROI VBM, standard LH-ROI VBM, DARTEL RH-ROI VBM, and DARTEL LH-ROI VBM were 87.2%, 84.6%, 87.2%, 76.8%, 87.2%, and 87.2%, respectively. As imaging biomarkers, manual hippocampal volumetry and VBM morphometry have similarly high accuracies in discriminating AD from cognitively normal elderly subjects in our Chinese cohort.

Topic: Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach

In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A New Paradigm of Islamic Womanhood in Liala Aboulela's Minaret and Shelina Janmuhmmed's Love in a Headscarf

This paper emphasizes Muslim women's voices in their search for religious freedom as well as their attempts to assert their religious identity in the secularized western society .I aim to discuss two novels by two literary Muslim women writers: Laila Aboulela's Minaret ( 2005)and Shelina Janmuhammed's Love in a Head scarf (2009). These two writers refuse to see Islam in a western eye ,and they refuse the many labels and stereotypes of Muslim women who live in a secularized society. They both agree that Islam as an instrument of empowerment in the life of Muslim female characters living in Europe. They present a new image of Muslim woman whose religion frees her of all the cultural and societal traditions .

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of parthenolide, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-obese mice

The activation of Nod-like receptor proteins (NLRP3) containing the pyrin domain inflammasome is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by phytoconstituents has been attempted as a strategy to mitigate these disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, parthenolide (PN; 5 mg/kg i.p.) against inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD) – obese mice. Treatment with PN and pioglitazone (PIO; 30 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 ng/ml) – induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Sixty days of PN and PIO treatment marginally reduced obesity-induced insulin resistance in HFD-obese mice. PN treatment also decreased blood glucose from 14th to 60th day, supporting the hypothesis of simultaneous attenuation of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Thus, PN treatment was also evident with significant improvement in glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin resistance validated through the respective tolerance tests. Therefore, the present study suggests that PN, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, could be a possible therapeutic agent for attenuating obesity-induced insulin resistance.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Social media and community-oriented policing: examining the organizational image construction of municipal police on Twitter and Facebook

Municipal police departments across the United States are under pressure to strengthen relationships with the communities they serve, reinvigorating a discussion about enhancing the community orientation of the police. Social media is recommended as one way to improve community relationships, but is the social media content posted by police departments community-oriented? Is that the type of content they wish to project? By integrating organizational image construction from communication studies with the study of policing, this research compares what municipal police departments intend to convey on social media with the content that they post. Managers of social media accounts emphasized the value of providing transparency and humanizing officers while social media content reveals efforts to delicately balance crime-fighting and community-oriented identities. This balance varies by agency size, jurisdiction, and platform, suggesting that the pressures governing image-making activities must be further examined in local context.

Topic: Public Relations and Crisis Communication
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Sleep in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Abstract Although intensively studied, the biological purpose of sleep is not known. To identify candidate genes affecting sleep, we assayed 136 isogenic P-element insertion lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Since sleep has been negatively correlated with energy reserves across taxa, we measured energy stores (whole-body protein, glycogen, and triglycerides) in these lines as well. Twenty-one insertions with known effects on physiology, development, and behavior affect 24-hr sleep time. Thirty-two candidate insertions significantly impact energy stores. Mutational genetic correlations among sleep parameters revealed that the genetic basis of the transition between sleep and waking states in males and females may be different. Furthermore, sleep bout number can be decoupled from waking activity in males, but not in females. Significant genetic correlations are present between sleep phenotypes and glycogen stores in males, while sleep phenotypes are correlated with triglycerides in females. Differences observed in male and female sleep behavior in flies may therefore be related to sex-specific differences in metabolic needs. Sleep thus emerges as a complex trait that exhibits extensive pleiotropy and sex specificity. The large mutational target that we observed implicates genes functioning in a variety of biological processes, suggesting that sleep may serve a number of different functions rather than a single purpose.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Role of Siddha Ksheer Basti in the management of Sandhigatavata w.s.r. to effect on Calcium level

Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis) is VataVyadhi which is associated with Kshaya of Dhatus especially in Vriddhavastha. Ayurveda mentioned various therapeutic options for the management of this condition and Basti Karma is one such approach. Tikta Dravya Siddha Basti advised for Asthi Kshaya Janya Roga since Sandhigata Vata is also Asthi Kshaya Janya Roga hence in present study we selected Tikta Dravya Siddha Basti for the management of Sandhigata Vata, study based on ancient texts available in Rasatarangini. The study observed marked improvement in diseases symptoms and elevation in calcium level may be due to the Yapana, Brimhana, Shodhan and Vata shamak properties of Tikta Dravya Siddha Ksheer Basti.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The first bilateral investment treaties : U.S. friendship, commerce and navigation treaties in the Truman administration

The first bilateral investment treaties addresses the processes by which, and the purposes for which, the State Department, during the years of the Truman administration, reconceptualized as bilateral investment treaties the friendship, commerce and navigation (FCN) treaties that the United States had negotiated since its independence, originally as treaties to establish trade and maritime relations. It argues that, at the end of the Second World War, to ensure peace and prosperity the United States sought to project New Deal liberalism onto the international plane and for that reason urged the creation of multilateral institutions to foster full employment worldwide. U.S. officials believed that full employment required the promotion, but also the regulation, of international capital movements. To promote capital movements, State Department officials acceded to the demands of the business community that it seek treaty protection for U.S. foreign investment. After efforts to incorporate investment protections into a multilateral International Trade Organization failed, the State Department turned to bilateral FCN treaties to obtain the protections it sought. In devising these treaty protections, U.S. officials incorporated into the FCN treaties four U.S. constitutional law principles - security, reasonableness, nondiscrimination and due process -- largely as these principles were understood by the New Deal Supreme Court, thereby providing U.S. investors abroad with protections similar to those enjoyed in the United States. Other FCN treaty provisions sought to facilitate the movement of capital across borders, while permitting host states to regulate such movements. This account uncovers the origins and purposes of a set of provisions that would create a legal framework for global capitalism in the late twentieth century. It demonstrates that U.S. foreign investment policy during the Truman years is best understood as a projection of New Deal liberalism, including ideas of liberal legality, onto the international plane, rather than as an instrument of Cold War containment or a capitulation to the demands of U.S. capitalists

Topic: Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Accuracy of the Barstow Solar-Thermal Pilot Plant cost estimates

This report assesses the accuracy of the cost estimates for the 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant, located near Barstow, California. A history of the Pilot Plant cost estimates is presented, and the effects of inflation are discussed. The history is also compared to cost estimating histories of other first-of-a-kind energy process plants.

Topic: Renewable energy and sustainable power systems
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Endogenous Reference Price Auctions for a Diverse Set of Commodities: An Experimental Analysis

Endogenous Reference Price Auctions for a Diverse Set of Commodities: An Experimental Analysis Olivier Armantier and Charles A. Holt Abstract This paper uses laboratory techniques to evaluate procedures for selling a heterogeneous set of commodities in auctions designed to create thick markets. “Reference prices,” based on commodity characteristics and other available information, are used to normalize bids before they are ranked. The complex, multi-dimensional nature of the commodity space creates a rich strategic environment that is well suited for testing with financially motivated human subjects. When reference prices are based on noisy value estimates, the auction performance is substantially improved by using submitted bids to adjust reference prices before the auction is cleared.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adoptive cell therapy in multiple Myeloma

Recent breakthrough advances in Multiple Myeloma (MM) immunotherapy have been achieved with the approval of the first two monoclonal antibodies, elotuzumab and daratumumab. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) represents yet another, maybe the most powerful modality of immunotherapy, in which allogeneic or autologous effector cells are expanded and activated ex vivo followed by their re-infusion back into patients. Infused effector cells belong to two categories: naturally occurring, non-engineered cells (donor lymphocyte infusion, myeloma infiltrating lymphocytes, deltagamma T cells) or genetically- engineered antigen-specific cells (chimeric antigen receptor T or NK cells, TCR-engineered cells). Areas covered: This review article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on ACT in MM, its promises, and upcoming strategies to both overcome its toxicity and to integrate it into future treatment paradigms. Expert opinion: Early results of clinical studies using CAR T cells or TCR- engineered T cells in relapsed and refractory MM are particularly exciting, indicating the potential of long-term disease control or even cure. Despite several caveats including toxicity, costs and restricted availability in particular, these forms of immunotherapy are likely to once more revolutionize MM therapy.

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Foot Pressure according to the Work Postures on Fire Fighters

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the difference of foot pressure according to the firefighter&amp;apos;s work postures for providing the basic information to prevent Musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted by 9 male firefighters. Work postures were selected for rescuee handling, fire hose and hydraulic rescue equipment work postures. These were divided into 3 position, &amp;quot;High&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Middle &amp;quot; and the postures of taking out and letting down hydraulic rescue equipment were analyzed as starting point and end point respectively. Foot Pressure was used to analyze contact area, peak pressure, and maximum force in terms of work postures, and compared between fire hose and hydraulic rescue equipment work postures. The results of foot pressure are as follows. According to the results of rescuee handling work postures, one person handling posture showed wide contact area and foot pressure showed the highest at right foot. Accoridng to the (High), (Middle), (Low) postures of fire hose, the results didn&amp;apos;t show the difference among the contact area, peak pressure and maximum force. As the results of hydraulic rescue equipment work postures, (Low) postures showed the highest in terms of the right foot of contact area, peak pressure and maximum force and (High) postures showed the highest in left foot. The increase of foot pressure lead to be inconvenience of low extremity and muscle fatigue for maintaining postural control cause pain. Thus, it is necessary to design insole-equipped working shoe for

Topic: Occupational Health and Performance
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid obtained after administration of three oral formulations to humans.

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valproic acid (VPA) were compared in six healthy volunteers after oral administration of the drug as follows: 1 g in standard tablet form, 1 g in enteric-coated tablet form, and 0.8 g in gelatin-capsule form. Following the administration of standard tablets, VPA concentrations reached a peak mean +/- SD of 105.4 +/- 9.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h and declined monoexponentially, with a terminal half-life of 14.9 +/- 2.4 h. Following the administration of the capsule, the serum concentration reached a peak of 82.1 +/- 14.8 micrograms/ml at 4 h. Following the administration of an enteric-coated tablet, there was an average time lag of 2 h with a delayed peak serum concentration of 93.5 +/- 13.1 micrograms/ml at 6 h. An identical terminal half-life of VPA was obtained for the three oral formulations. The bioavailability of the three VPA formulations was not significantly different, and it may be concluded that these formulations are bioequivalent.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Outlier Mining Algorithm Based on Probability

Outlier detection is a hot topic of data mining. After studying the existing classical algorithms of detecting outliers, this paper proposes an outlier mining algorithm based on probability, and makes a new definition for outlier. It clusterings firstly with density-based algorithm, and determines suspicious outlier. Then, outlier will be detected according to probability. The experiment results on IRIS show that this algorithm can detect outliers effectively.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
EVALUATION AND FREQUENCY OF KELL ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN IN BLOOD DONORS OF REGIONAL BLOOD CENTER OF PASSO FUNDO, BRAZIL

The aim of this research was verify the frequency of erythrocyte antigen K1 in the population of donors who had their blood phenotyped at Regional Blood Center of Passo Fundo (RS). This descriptive study of documental approach was conduct through retrospective evaluation of record spreadsheets for all donors phenotyped during the period of July 2010 to June 2015. An absolute verification was done, comparing the number of donors without the expressed antigen KELL and the number of donors who had this antigen on the erythrocyte membrane. From 1,163 phenotyped donors, 80 (7%) showed antigen expression in the erythrocyte membrane, being lower number than reported in the literature. Despite the percentage found for the K1 expression be lower than is described by other authors, the antigen must be identified because its immunogenicity has great clinical relevance and may result in transfusion complications.

Topic: Blood groups and transfusion
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
2015-2016 High-Performing Schools

These schools are identified as Title I schools with distinctions based on reading and math performance. PDF Version (135, KB) .dataTables_filter { TEXT-ALIGN: right; MARGIN-TOP: 5px; WIDTH: 50%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5px; FLOAT: right } 

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Topic: School Choice and Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Lunar surface thermophysical properties derived from Clementine LWIR and UVVIS images

In an effort to understand the influence of albedo and large‐scale topography on remote lunar surface measurements, we investigate the relationship between measured Clementine long‐wave infrared (LWIR) camera temperatures and ultraviolet‐visible (UVVIS) camera 750‐nm reflectances. We compare the observed temperature‐reflectance relationships with those predicted using a rough‐surface numerical model with varying albedo. The lunar surface response in different highland and mare locations is explored as a function of varying phase angle. At very low phase angles the temperature and reflectance response is primarily governed by the variation in single‐scattering albedo regardless of the presence of topography. As the phase angle increases, the influence of surface roughness grows. Finally, at moderate to high phase angles the effect of surface roughness dominates. In the absence of large‐scale topography the lunar surface temperature and reflectance response at all phase angles is governed by the variation in single‐scattering albedo. LWIR‐measured temperature variations yield local topographic information at high incidence angles that is unavailable via the reflectance, while UVVIS‐measured reflectance variations yield local topographic information at low incidence angles that is unavailable via the temperature.

Topic: Planetary Science and Exploration
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alzheimer's disease: studies of diagnosis and therapy

Despite tremendous recent advances in the clinical neurology, neurobiology and&#13;\nepidemiology of Alzheimer's disease, the cause as well as its treatment remains as&#13;\nmuch a mystery today as when it was first described in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer.'&#13;\nAlzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia in the elderlf and already&#13;\nreferred to as the disease of the century, is one of the major social and medical&#13;\nchallenges for clinical practice as well as for scientific medicine, especially since the&#13;\nnumber of Alzheimer patients is predicted to rise strongly into the next century.3&#13;\nStudies presented in this thesis deal with issues that confront patients suffering&#13;\nfrom Alzheimer's disease and their families and caregivers every day: the uncertainty&#13;\nof the clinical diagnosis and the lack of adequate treatment The focus will be on&#13;\nsingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a method to assess&#13;\nregional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), its methods of analysis and the contribution to&#13;\nthe clinical diagnosis. In addition, aspects of two therapeutic strategies will be&#13;\nexplored: stimulation of neuronal metabolism and modulation of neurotransmitter&#13;\ndependent processes. Much of the work presented is guided by epidemiological&#13;\nprinciples and methods. This coincides with the clinical neurological point of view&#13;\nthat is a leading thread running through this thesis.

Topic: Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences