jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Rolling Textures in an Austenitic Stainless Steel

Three dimensional texture analysis by means of orientation distribution functions (ODF) was used to examine the texture development during rolling at 473 K in an austenitic stainless steel. With the help of ODFs results, the different stages of texture development could be assigned to the existing theories of heterogeneous deformation mechanisms of low SFE face‐centred cubic metals. The texture at very low degree of rolling consists of two limited orientation tubes with their fibre axes 〈110〉//ND and 〈110〉60 ∘ ND and agrees with the predictions made by Taylor model. With further deformation, twinning causes the reduction of ≈{112}〈111〉 component and leads to the formation of twin {552}〈115〉. Abnormal slip on slip planes parallel to the twin boundaries rotates the twins into the {332}〈113〉 and {111}〈110〉 positions. The shear bands formation in the rotated twin‐matrix lamellae changes their orientations near to {011}〈100〉 and {011}〈112〉 positions. Finally, normal slip again continues and sharpens the brass‐type rolling texture.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Who's Leading Nursing?

I am a strong supporter of the proposed Office of the National Nurse. Nurses represent the largest percentage of health professionals, with demands growing along with innovations in technology, research, and clinical practice.1 Health policy legislation enacted in California last year, for example, adds tremendous pressure to fulfill nurse staffing ratios.2 We need congressional support to educate a substantial workforce and adequately staff facilities and schools of nursing. Nurses must educate and work with their members of Congress. Funding and legislation are needed to develop long-term strategies on how to make the nursing workforce sustainable. Only with innovation and political support will it be possible to adequately respond to societal demands that nurses provide greater leadership and take on new responsibilities in clinical, educational, and research roles.3 Nurses must lead these efforts, and the Office of the National Nurse would provide a platform for designing and executing them. Joachim Voss, PhD, RN Seattle

Topic: Nursing education and management
Subfield: Research and Theory
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation of Asynchronous Mobile Web Services - Implementation and First Usage

Mobile devices are nowadays used almost ubiquitously by a large number of users. 2013 was the first year in which the number of sold mobile devices (tablet computers and mobile phones) outperformed the number of PCsâ sold. And this trend seems to be continuing in the coming years. Additionally, the scenarios in which these kinds of devices are used, grow almost day by day. Another trend in modern landscapes is the idea of Cloud Computing, that basically allows for a very flexible provision of computational services to customers. Yet, these two trends are not well connected. Of course there exists already quite a large amount of mobile applications (apps) that utilize Cloud Computing based services. The other way round, that mobile devices provide one of the building blocks for the provision of Cloud Computing based services is not well established yet. Therefore, this paper concentrates on an extension of a technology that allows to provide standardized Web Services, as one of the building blocks for Cloud Computing, on mobile devices. The extension hereby consists of a new approach that now also allows to provide asynchronous Web Services on mobile devices, in contrast to synchronous ones. Additionally, this paper also illustrates how the described technology was already used in an app provided by a business partner.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gamma–Delta T‐cell Lymphomas

The gamma–delta T-cell lymphomas are rare and aggressive T-cell lymphomas which arise from gamma–delta T cells in the innate immune system. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification for lymphomas recognizes distinct subtypes of T-cell lymphomas of gamma–delta subtype, including the primary cutaneous gamma–delta T-cell lymphomas (PCGTDL) and the hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas (HSTL). This chapter reviews the biological and clinical features of PCGDTL. Chronic antigenic stimulation and immunosuppression are risk factors for gamma–delta T-cell lymphomas. Because of its resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents, the overall prognosis is poor for patients with PCGDTL, with a median survival of 15months and a five-year overall survival of 10%. Patients succumb to morbidity associated with extensive skin ulcerations as well as complications of HLH. In most patients with PCGDTL, consideration should be given to central nervous system prophylaxis with systemic methotrexate in patients who are undergoing potentially curative stem-cell transplantation.

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optic neuritis: relation between inflammatory genetic markers and occurrence of the disease

Optic neuritis (ON) is characterized as an inflammation of the optic nerve. Based on etiology, ON is classified to typical and atypical forms. Typical ON is often related to multiple sclerosis while atypical ON can be caused by various infections, autoimmune disorders or different inflammatory diseases. Although the cause of ON is multifactorial, a lot of attention is given to inflammatory and immune processes which are considered to contribute to demyelination of axons. Typical ON occurs as subacute unilateral decrease in visual acuity (VA) and pain which intensifies during eye movement. Atypical ON is characterized by intense pain or no pain, bilateral decrease in VA, hemorrhages and exudate in optic discs. In typical ON, fast and significant recovery of VA is common while in atypical ON, the prognosis of VA recovery is poor. Thanks to recent advances in the field of genetics, it is possible to identify an increasing number of genes that could be associated with ON pathogenesis.In this article we briefly review the epidemiology, causes, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of ON as well as its relation to multiple sclerosis.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Being, Doing, Deciding: Cisheteronormativity, Bodily Autonomy, and Mental Health Support for LGBTQ+ Young People

Cisheteronormativities inform and distort what LGBTQ+ young people’s bodies can be and do, and what choices about the body are possible, profoundly impacting mental health. This article presents findings from a UK study examining ‘what works’ in early intervention mental health support for LGBTQ+ youth to examine how these impacts can be addressed. Data were collected across 12 mental health support services via the following: interviews with LGBTQ+ youth aged 12–25, service staff/volunteers, and parents/carers (n = 93); document review; and non-participant observation. In analysis, ‘Body’ was identified as a key principle underpinning effective early intervention mental health support. This article presents three key areas: the ability to name and define the body; the body’s ability to ‘do’; and the ability to make informed decisions about one’s body, life, and future. This article highlights the urgent importance of upholding bodily autonomy for LGBTQ+ youth if efforts to address mental health inequalities are to have any chance at success.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A METHOD FOR THERMAL HISTORY PREDICTION DURING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING USING FAR-FIELD TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

Directed Energy Deposition is a near net-shape, additive manufacturing process that uses high-energy lasers for powder melting and consolidation. While a detailed knowledge of the thermal histories of the process can help understand and ultimately predict the resulting microstructure, residual-stresses, and/or material properties of the component, experimental limitations usually restrict all temperature measurements to far-field locations. When fixed, these measurements become increasingly removed from the laser/material interactions as the build process unfolds. To help offset this limitation, a relatively straightforward method using finite-elements and a fixed far-field measurement was developed that considers experimental processing conditions such as a moving heat source and relevant (and evolving) boundary conditions to generate more complete thermal histories. In essence, an inverse problem was iteratively solved using a direct computational approach. Once validated, the model was then used over multiple depositions with the outcome discussed relative to the agreement and disparities in peak temperatures, heating, and cooling rates. The increasing importance of the growing surface area and evolving radiative and convective boundary conditions with each layer was clearly demonstrated

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sterilization of Codling Moth by Aerosol Treatment with Tepa123

Journal Article Sterilization of Codling Moth by Aerosol Treatment with Tepa Get access D. O. Hathaway, D. O. Hathaway Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. A. Butt, B. A. Butt Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. V. Lydin L. V. Lydin Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Yakima, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 61, Issue 1, 1 February 1968, Pages 322–323, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.1.322 Published: 01 February 1968 Article history Accepted: 05 September 1967 Published: 01 February 1968

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tumors and pseudotumors of the spine: a review of the main aspects in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-1851 / Tumors and pseudotumors of the spine: a review of the main aspects in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.  by:  A. A. S. M. D. Santos , T. C. R. S. SANTOS, M. H. Santos, G. C. P. Campos, D. F. Melo, A. L. Cunha, M. F. A. Cavalcanti; Niteroi - Rio de Janeiro, RJ/BR

Topic: Management of metastatic bone disease
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AN OVERVIEW OF PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH

Application of economic evaluations to the pharmaceuticals is termed as Pharmacoeconomics. There is a prolonged significance in the assessment of economic efficiency of health care programmes which is accomplished through economic evaluation where the costs, benefits and consequences of alternative new drugs, therapies and treatments are compared and contrasted. Various fundamental forms of evaluations such as COL, CBA, CMA, CEA etc are widely used and thereby estimates whether the enhanced significance in economic analysis is promising to the patients, clinicians and the society. Outcomes research deals with the identification, measurement and evaluation of the result of health care researches in general.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Breast Diseases Managed at a Tertiary Care Center with a Rural Set Up in Rural Area of India: Critical Analysis

Background: Breast diseases are very common throughout the world with wide variety of patterns of presentation across the globe.The study was done in a tertiary care center with rural set up in a rural area of India to know the specific incidence of different breast disorders with respect to age and sex of the patient, best method for early diagnosis, fallacies in clinical diagnosis and to find out the sensitivity of FNAC in correlation with histopathological or surgical confirmation.Method: This is a prospective study conducted on patients attending outpatient department in a tertiary care center with breast symptoms.It was conducted for a period of two years.Detailed history was noted.They were assessed clinically and their diagnosis was confirmed by cytological (FNAC) or histopathological (biopsy) examination.Results: 237 cases of breast disease were diagnosed which include 222 females and 15 males.The ratio between benign 210 (88.61%) and malignant 27 (11.39%) lesions was 7.8:1.Among all the benign breast diseases, ANDI (29.11 %) was the commonest, followed by Fibroadenoma (25.31 %) & Breast abscess (14.35 %) in decreasing order of frequency respectively whereas carcinoma of breast was common in age group above fourty years of life. Conclusion:We conclude from our study that the females have preponderance over males in breast disorders.Benign breast disorders are more common but overshadowed by carcinoma of breast.Malignant breast disorders present with advanced stage of disease due to illiteracy and lack of awareness.FNAC still is a gold standard for early diagnosis of breast disease.

Topic: Breast Lesions and Carcinomas
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Translational Control of MHC Class II I-A Molecules by IFN-γ

Abstract MHC class II molecules are expressed in a limited number of cell types, including B lymphocytes and macrophages (Mφ). IFN-γ increases the surface expression of class II molecules in a murine B cell line without inducing detectable changes in either I-A or I-A mRNA levels. In bone marrow-derived Mφ, IFN-γ causes an increase in class II expression at both the mRNA and surface levels. In addition to the increase in transcription rates described for Mφ, IFN-γ increases the rate of synthesis of IAα and IAβ proteins and the ribosome loading for both mRNA molecules in both cell types. Interestingly, there is a significant peak of free I-A mRNA in noninduced cells. Therefore, IFN-γ regulates the expression of MHC class II molecules at the translational level in both B cells and Mφ and, as already reported, at the transcriptional level only in Mφ. The actual mechanism of regulation causes changes in the translation initiation rates in both cell types, as demonstrated by an increase in ribosome loading in polysome gradients.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Teams and teamworking: what do we know?

This paper reviews the extensive literature on teams and teamworking in order to identify the nature and extent of the evidence that teamworking can lead to superior performance. It demonstrates that much of the case for teamwork is based on earlier group research (Ray and Bronstein, 1995; Guzzo and Shea, 1992) and that this is inconclusive and often contradictory in terms of performance relationships (Furnham, 1992; West and Slater; 1995). Direct research evidence relating to teams in an organisational context is limited (West and Slater, 1995), but growing (Higgs, 1998; 1999). A major challenge in establishing the relationship between teamworking and performance is the sheer complexity in the interrelationships between many variables (Schein, 1998; Furnham, 1992). However, the use of the interaction process models (Hackman and Morris, 1975) is beginning to shed light on some of these complex relationships and provide performance related evidence (West and Anderson, 1996; Higgs, 1998).&lt;br/&gt;

Topic: Team Dynamics and Performance
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Diet change and food loss reduction: What is their combined impact on global water use and scarcity?

Abstract There is a pressing need to improve food security and reduce environmental impacts of agricultural production globally. Two of the proposed measures are diet change from animal‐based to plant‐based foodstuffs and reduction of food losses and waste. These two measures are linked, as diet change affects production and consumption of foodstuffs and consequently loss processes through their different water footprints and loss percentages. This paper takes this link into account for the first time and provides an assessment of the combined potential contribution of diet change and food loss reduction for reducing water footprints and water scarcity. We apply scenarios in which we change diets to follow basic dietary recommendations, limit animal‐based protein intake to 25% of total protein intake, and halve food losses to study single and combined effects of diet change and loss reduction. Dietary recommendations alone would achieve 6% and 7% reductions of blue and green water consumption, respectively, while changing diets to contain less animal products would result in savings of 11% and 18%, respectively. Halving food loss would alone achieve 12% reductions for both blue and green water. Combining the measures would reduce water consumption by 23% and 28%, respectively, lowering water scarcity in areas with a population of over 600 million. At a global scale, effects of diet change and loss reduction were synergistic with loss reductions being more effective under changed diet. This demonstrates the importance of considering the link between diet change and loss reduction in assessments of food security and resource use.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Relative Contributions of Duchenne and Trendelenburg to Description of Myopathic Gaits (S15.003)

Objective: To compare the relative contributions of French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne and German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg to the description of myopathic gaits.
 Background: Both physicians have been credited with describing the myopathic gait.
 Methods: The original reports were reviewed.
 Results: In 1861, Duchenne gave a classic description of Duchenne dystrophy, and noted that affected individuals walk with “a lateral inclination of the trunk toward the limb which is resting on the ground.” Noting a resemblance to a duck9s gait, Duchenne added that, “The word ‘waddling’ perfectly expresses this mode of walking.” After Duchenne’s report, the trunkal shift to the side of the stance phase in patients with myopathies has been called a waddling gait (and later was called a “Trendelenburg lurch.”). In 1895, in children with congenital hip dislocation, Trendelenburg observed that when standing on the affected leg the pelvis tilts downward on the opposite side (Trendelenburg’s sign). He noted in passing that the same phenomenon could occur with muscle disease. With walking, “The pelvis drops toward the walking side [swing phase], and the trunk is sharply bent toward the standing side [stance phase] to restore the balance.” Trendelenburg provided line drawings to illustrate the abnormalities he described, whereas Duchenne did not (for the gait peculiarities in contrast to abnormalities of stance).
 Conclusions: Duchenne and Trendelenburg described different and complementary aspects of myopathic gaits. The trunkal shift first noted by Duchenne is a compensatory mechanism to maintain balance over the stance leg despite ipsilateral weakness of hip abduction and resultant pelvic tilt. Although Duchenne had priority, the eponymns linked with this gait refer to Trendelenburg, because Duchenne offered a simple alternative, i.e., a memorable name that visually presented the character of the gait (waddling gait), and because he failed to illustrate the gait description with relevant illustrations. Disclosure: Dr. Lanska received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink Neurology and Elsevier.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Duobinary modulation format in 10 Gb/s ethernet multi mode fibre (MMF) transmission systems

We compare experimentally the on-off keying (OOK) modulation format with the bandwidth efficient duobinary modulation format in 10 Gb/s Ethernet short haul transmission systems based on multi mode fibre (MMF). Thereby, the investigations are focussed on the robustness towards the negative influences of multimode fibre characteristics. It is shown by experiments that the duobinary modulation format owns a better performance against the limiting fibre influences due to the narrower spectrum. Based on these experimental results, the duobinary modulation format seems to be a very promising candidate for short haul transmission systems based on multi mode fibre as well as on single mode fibre.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Qosja (Rexhep), La question albanaise

Au moment où les armes se taisaient en Bosnie est paru un ouvrage rappelant opportunément qu'il subsiste dans les Balkans une question nationale sans solution, et qui en propose une. Organisé en dix chapitres chronologiques qui resituent la question albanaise dans une perspective historique en partant de la Renaissance nationale de la seconde moitié du XIXème s., il comporte deux temps forts. Le premier (chapitre IV) traite de la Conférence des ambassadeurs de Londres, qui, réglant en 1913 le...

Topic: Balkans: History, Politics, Society
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thatched Partial Orders

A thatch is a type of partial ordering which is most naturally described as a geometric construction. The geometry of these constructions is outlined in this note. A wait-and-see concurrent process may include any number of sub-processes, each regarded as a separate thread of execution. However if at any point the process launches a collection of concurrent threads it must wait and see how they terminate before proceeding. Each sub-process may also launch further sub-processes, which are also subject to the wait and see restriction. A wait-and-see process can be regarded as a thatch. This note describes some interesting mathematical properties of thatching that are relevant to these concurrent processes.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MAST CELLS AFTER BONE MARROW AUTOTRANSPLANTATION

Purpose: to study bone marrow mast cells in mice after autotransplantation. Materials and methods. Mast cells and sulphatedness degree of heparin mucopolysaccharide in the bone marrow were identified using Unna staining with polychromatic toluidine blue. Study results. Data on mast cells distribution in the bone marrow after autotransplantation in 40 minutes and in 2 hours were analyzed. Two types of mast cells’ reaction to autologous bone marrow introduction were identified: sequential degranulation and exocytosis. As a result, secretion of mast cells causes production of biologically active substances in the microenvironment of a mast cell; these substances form chains and conglomerates from granules, changes in the number of which can contribute to changing the process of mitotic division. According to morphological criteria three populations of mast cells were identified: small-sized cells, with blue-colored nuclei stained orthochromatically and located asymmetrically; metachromatic oval-shaped cells with a nucleus located in the centre; large, degranulated, gamma-metachromatic mast cells. Most part of mast cells in bone marrow smears is presented by integral forms. Heparin in mast cells takes part in regulating metabolism in the bone marrow after autotransplantation.

Topic: Mast cells and histamine
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences