jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Expression of Glypican-3 in Pediatric Tumors: An Analysis of 414 Cases

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan thought to play an important role during development. Germline GPC3 mutations are seen in the rare Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), which predisposes patients to Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, and neuroblastoma. While numerous adult tumors have been evaluated by immunohistochemistry for GPC3, no comprehensive assessment has been done in pediatric tumors. We therefore investigated GPC3 expression in 143 pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 271 non-CNS tumors. Among non-CNS tumors, GPC3 expression was seen in 9/9 (100%) hepatoblastomas, 4/6 (67%) malignant rhabdoid tumors, 5/13 (38%) Wilms tumors, 11/37 (30%) alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, and 8/45 (18%) embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. All 136 neuroblastomas, 14 Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and 11 synovial sarcomas were immunonegative for GPC3. Among CNS tumors, GPC3 had restricted expression, with positivity in 6/6 (100%) atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors and 1/4 (25%) craniopharyngiomas. The remaining 136 CNS tumors—23 medulloblastomas, 21 pilocytic astrocytomas, 13 gangliogliomas, 12 ependymomas, 12 glioblastomas, 11 choroid plexus neoplasms, 10 diffuse astrocytomas (grade II/III), 10 meningiomas, 8 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 8 oligodendrogliomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 3 germinomas, and 2 neurocytomas—were entirely negative for GPC3. These results showed GPC3 positivity in a number of non-CNS tumors, with no consistent discrimination between tumors that were or were not associated with SGBS. Within the CNS, GPC3 positivity was limited to a small subset of CNS neoplasms and may thus serve as a useful positive diagnostic biomarker ( P &lt; 0.0001) in addition to negative INI1/BAF47/SMARCB1 staining to differentiate atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors from other high-grade pediatric brain tumors.

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research of the Transportation of Tailings Cemented Backfill in Partially Filled Pipe Flow

In the process of mining backfill transportation, inadequate pipeline layout or filling parameters can result in decreased stability in pipeline transportation. This instability can lead to blockages or pipe ruptures, often caused by the occurrence of partial filling during the transportation process. To address the issue of partially filled pipe flow during mining backfill transportation and effectively increase the full pipe height in the transportation process, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were employed to study the causes and hazards of partially filled pipe flow in the transportation of tailings cemented backfill, as well as measures to enhance the full pipe height. By introducing the Bernoulli equation to analyze a simplified transportation model, a discrimination formula for identifying partially filled pipe flow during transportation was obtained. This formula summarizes the factors influencing the full pipe height and can be used to calculate the full pipe height in the transportation process of different filling mining areas. A numerical model was established based on this formula to simulate the occurrence of partially filled pipe flow. Combining the simulation results, the operational parameters of a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan, China, were designed and improved. This improvement significantly increased the full pipe flow height and reduced the failure rate in pipeline transportation.

Topic: Tailings Management and Properties
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LOW-TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION OF COPOLYMERS АCRYLAMIDE WITH SODIUM ACRYLATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS UNDER INFLUENCE OF FREE RADICALS

Viscometric study of kinetic laws of degradation of copolymers acrylamide with sodium acrylate in aqueous solutions in the presence of potassium persulfate-sodium bisulfite initiating radox system at 30o С and the opportunity of regulation of molecular weight of copolymers is determined.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Structured singular value analysis of multidimensional system stability

Structured singular value computations are being developed for analysis of robustness of multivariable control systems. It is shown that the same computational tools can be used to test the stability of multidimensional systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Randomized trials in orthopaedics

There is increasing recognition that major new medical therapies should be rigorously evaluated before they are put into general clinical use. Randomized controlled trials provide the most unbiased assessment of the risks and benefits of such therapies. In this article, the most important aspects of the design and execution of a randomized clinical trial in orthopaedics are discussed. These include the reasons for and mechanisms of randomization, appropriate selection of patients and therapy, reasons for the blinding of therapy, types of measures of outcome that can be used, aspects of sample-size calculation and analysis of data, and ethics of randomized controlled trials.

Topic: Health and Medical Research Impacts
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treated incidence of psychotic disorders in South London

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an increased exposure to risk factors for psychosis, such as psychological stress, substance use, social isolation and deprivation, as well as a potential direct biological impact of the COVID-19 infection on psychosis. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rates of first-episode psychosis (FEP) has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the current study were to 1) establish the FEP incidence between March 2019 and March 2021 in an inner London catchment area; 2) compare FEP incidence rates for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 – February 2021), with those for the year prior (March 2019 – February 2020). METHODS: We screened the clinical records of all individuals living in the London boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth who were referred to the early intervention in psychosis services before (from 1 March 2019 to 28 February 2020) and during (from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. We used Office for National Statistics (ONS) data to estimate the risk populations stratified by sex and age group. We computed crude and sex-age standardised FEP incidence per 100,000 persons-year. We used Poisson regression to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the incidence variation by sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: A total of 321 incident cases of FEP were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic accounting for a crude rate of 70.1 (95% CI 62.4 - 77.7) per 100,000 person-year. The crude rate for the year before was 47.5 (95% CI 41.2 - 53.8). The incidence variation between the two years accounted for an adjusted IRR of 1.46 (95% CI 1.23 – 1.76). The increased FEP rates were equally observed across the boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth and men and women. Individuals aged 20-24 (IRR 1.66; 95% CI 1.13 – 2.42) and those from the black ethnic group (IRR 1.61; 95% CI 1·24 – 2·09) showed the greatest incidence increases. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study establishing the variation in FEP incidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across all adult age groups. We provide the first evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a 46% increase in the incidence of psychotic disorders in South London. The increase was higher for young individuals and ethnic minorities. This finding should inform public health research and demonstrates the need for adequate resources for mental health secondary services. DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST: None Declared

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Large Deviation Methods for Approximate Probabilistic Inference

We study two-layer belief networks of binary random variables in which the conditional probabilities Pr[childlparents] depend monotonically on weighted sums of the parents. In large networks where exact probabilistic inference is intractable, we show how to compute upper and lower bounds on many probabilities of interest. In particular, using methods from large deviation theory, we derive rigorous bounds on marginal probabilities such as Pr[children] and prove rates of convergence for the accuracy of our bounds as a function of network size. Our results apply to networks with generic transfer function parameterizations of the conditional probability tables, such as sigmoid and noisy-OR. They also explicitly illustrate the types of averaging behavior that can simplify the problem of inference in large networks.

Topic: Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction of adult asthma-risk in early childhood using novel Adult aSthma PredIctive Risk scorEs (ASPIRE)

<b>Aims and Objectives:</b> Numerous risk scores have been developed to predict childhood asthma. However, they may not predict asthma beyond childhood. We aim to create childhood risk scores that predict development and persistence of asthma up to young adult life. <b>Methods:</b> The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n=1456) was prospectively assessed up to 26-years of age. Asthma predictive scores were developed based on factors during the first 4-years, using logistic regression and tested for sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of asthma at (i) 18 and (ii) 26-years, and persistent asthma (PA) (iii) at 10 and 18 years, and (iv) at 10, 18 and 26 years. Models were internally and externally validated. <b>Results:</b> Four models were generated for prediction of each asthma outcome. ASthma PredIctive Risk scorE (ASPIRE)-1: a 2-factor model (recurrent wheeze [RW] and positive skin prick test [+SPT] at 4-years) predicted asthma at 18-years (sensitivity: 0.49, specificity: 0.80, AUC: 0.65). ASPIRE-2: a 3-factor model (RW, +SPT and maternal rhinitis) predicted asthma at 26-years (sensitivity: 0.60, specificity: 0.79, AUC: 0.73). ASPIRE-3: a 3-factor model (RW, +SPT and eczema at 4-years) predicted PA-18 (sensitivity: 0.63, specificity: 0.87, AUC: 0.77). ASPIRE-4: a 3-factor model (RW, +SPT at 4-years and recurrent chest infection at 2-years) predicted PA-26 (sensitivity: 0.68, specificity: 0.87, AUC: 0.80). ASPIRE-1 and ASPIRE-3 scores were replicated externally. Further assessments indicated that ASPIRE-1, a 2-factor model (RW and +SPT) can be applied to predict all 4 asthma outcomes. <b>Conclusion:</b> ASPIRE predicts persistent asthma up to young adult life.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Update and Validation of a Teachers’ Attitude Toward Education Research Scale

One of the challenges associated with education becoming an evidence-based practice is teachers’ attitude toward education research. Little is known about why teachers may not look to research to solve instructional problems, but it is likely linked to teachers’ attitudes toward education research. The purpose of this dissertation was to update and validate a scale to measure teachers’ attitudes toward education research. The updated scale was administered to a group of classroom teachers in a large suburban school district (n=474). An exploratory factor analysis found three factors, accounting for 51.5% of the total variance in the final scale. The factors underlying teachers’ attitudes toward education research are personal interest in conducting education research, value of education research, and usefulness of research skills to teachers. Significant differences in the attitude scores were found when examined for teachers’ educational background, types and quality of professional development the teachers have experienced, their exposure to and use of teacher research, and the sources of education research findings that teachers can use in the classroom.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The impact of changes in regulations on Malaysian IPOs

Purpose This study aims to examine the changes in equity guidelines and initial returns in the Malaysian initial public offering (IPO) market. Design/methodology/approach The study uses cross-sectional data over 16 years from 2000 to 2016. It uses ordinary least squares for the baseline model and incorporates an interaction term, quantile regression, quadratic term, break test and logit regression model for further analysis. Findings The results support the propositions that lockup provisions signal commitment and demand increase initial returns. The revision in the Bumiputera equity requirement means that issuers no longer need to discount offer prices to entice investors. Finally, the revised Sharīʿah-compliance screening requirement ensures that stocks are better in quality and more transparent, leading to a higher demand that drives prices upwards. Research limitations/implications This study’s findings provide insights into how issuers can secure good subscriptions. Besides, policymakers should ensure that firms disclose the required information in their prospectuses. Originality/value This study adds to the body of knowledge on whether and how the regulatory requirements affect IPO initial returns.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the 2017 EC Proficiency Test on 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs in maize powder

A proficiency test (PT) on the measurements of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 in maize powder was organised by European Commission Directorate-General (EC DG) Joint Research Centre in Geel on request of the EC DG for Energy. This PT was an integral part of the EC's work of realising verification of Member State's obligations towards Article 35 of the Euratom Treaty. It serves also as a quality control programme which JRC-Geel is coordinating in order to assess the quality of the results collected in the Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring (REM) database. \n\nThe PT reference material was prepared by spiking blank maize powder. The samples were sent to 123 laboratories of which 120 laboratories submitted their results. The evaluation of the PT results was performed according to ISO 13528:2015. The zed (z) and zeta (ζ) and En scores, were calculated.\n\nThe z scores of the reported results for I-131 were acceptable for 92% of laboratories. For both Cs-134 and Cs-137 they were acceptable for 94% laboratories. The ζ scores were satisfactory for 66%, 56% and 68% of results for I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 respectively. In case of En score the number of consistent results was the same as for ζ score.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some dependencies among attributes given by fuzzy confirmation measures

This paper is devoted to fuzzy association analysis.Our motivation to this work arose from mining of linguistic associations, however found relations among mined associations are valid in general.Three the most commonly used support and confidence measures are considered and various relations among found and previously known associations given by confirmation measures are studied.Good understanding of such relationships is essential for creating more efficient algorithms, for subsequent work with found associations as well as for cooperation with the consumer of the data mining process.

Topic: Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Conclusion

This conclusion discusses some recent examples of racism in AFL in order to explore the question of ‘how far have we come in the AFL when it comes to racism?’ This paper also discusses what the potential future trajectories are for Rule 35 and the findings from the Australian Research Council Linkage project that this book came from. © 2015 Taylor &amp; Francis.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
SAT-411 Anti nuclear Antibody negative Lupus like Nephritis. A 5 case series report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease due to an autoantibody response to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigen which is associated with the inflammatory cascades and end-organ damage in multiple organs like kidney, skin, brain, etc. In the kidney, immune-complex deposits leads to the deterioration of renal function leading to a condition called lupus nephritis. Lupus nephritis is a common but serious complication in SLE patients. Previously, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) required at least 4 of 11 clinical or laboratory criteria to diagnose SLE which included malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, nonerosive arthritis, pleuritis or pericarditis, kidney disorder, neurological disorder, hematologic disorder and positive antinuclear antibody.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A specific hyperbolic system of conservation laws admitting delta-shock wave type solutions

We construct δ-shock type solutions of the Cauchy problem for the system of conservation laws ut + ( f(u) − v) x = 0, vt + ( g(u)) = 0, x where f(u) and g(u) are polynomials of degree n and n + 1, respectively, n is even. A well known particular case of this system was studied in [17], [16] by B. L. Keyfitz and H. C. Kranzer. In this paper a techniques of the weak asymptotics method and the definition of a δ-shock type solution introduced by V. G. Danilov and V. M. Shelkovich [6] – [8], are used. Geometric and physics sense of the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for δ-shocks is given for the above system, for the system ut + ( f(u))

Topic: Navier-Stokes equation solutions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Family Socialization and Fatalism Among Black Adolescents

One of the most important theoretical and public policy issues encountered by social scientists interested in the problems associated with race and public education is the attempt to account for variations in scholastic performance among black students. Among the general hypotheses advanced to account for variations in scholastic performance among black students, the idea that learning difficulties among black students are brought about by a breakdown of the socialization process in the home has gained prominence and popularity. According to this perspective, . . early childhood experiences in poverty environments create enduring personality formations that are enimical to effective achievement striving. . . .1 This viewpoint has been given credence by the fact that several important studies have reported strong relationships between variations in certain personal attitudes and characteristics and scholastic performance among black students. In the tradition of established theories of socialization, the assumption is then made that variations in these personal attitudes and characteristics must

Topic: School Choice and Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transparency Paths - Documenting the Diversity of User Perceptions

We are living in an era of global digital platforms, eco-systems of algorithmic processes that serve users worldwide. However, the increasing exposure to diversity online – of information and users – has led to important considerations of bias. A given platform, such as the Google search engine, may demonstrate behaviors that deviate from what users expect, or what they consider fair, relative to their own context and experiences. In this exploratory work, we put forward the notion of transparency paths, a process by which we document our position, choices, and perceptions when developing and/or using algorithmic platforms. We conducted a self-reflection exercise with seven researchers, who collected and analyzed two sets of images; one depicting an everyday activity, “washing hands,” and a second depicting the concept of “home.” Participants had to document their process and choices, and in the end, compare their work to others. Finally, participants were asked to reflect on the definitions of bias and diversity. The exercise revealed the range of perspectives and approaches taken, underscoring the need for future work that will refine the transparency paths methodology.

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Using SHERPA screening tool for design and assessment of local and regional air quality management

Abstract As atmospheric pollution continue to be a significant issue on global level, but with a particular importance at European Union level, the air pollution reduction policies will continue to be enforced in the next decades. At EU level, especially on most developed countries, NO2 and Particulate Matter (fine and coarse fractions) remain an acute problem. To help decision factors to have a better view on entire EU region the SHERPA (Screening for High Emission Reduction Potentials on Air quality) was developed, a tool that was proven helpful in addressing source allocation, governance and the assessment of scenario impacts.

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patients' ratings of genetic conditions validate a taxonomy to simplify decisions about preconception carrier screening via genome sequencing

Advances in genome sequencing and gene discovery have created opportunities to efficiently assess more genetic conditions than ever before. Given the large number of conditions that can be screened, the implementation of expanded carrier screening using genome sequencing will require practical methods of simplifying decisions about the conditions for which patients want to be screened. One method to simplify decision making is to generate a taxonomy based on expert judgment. However, expert perceptions of condition attributes used to classify these conditions may differ from those used by patients. To understand whether expert and patient perceptions differ, we asked women who had received preconception genetic carrier screening in the last 3 years to fill out a survey to rate the attributes (predictability, controllability, visibility, and severity) of several autosomal recessive or X‐linked genetic conditions. These conditions were classified into one of five taxonomy categories developed by subject experts (significantly shortened lifespan, serious medical problems, mild medical problems, unpredictable medical outcomes, and adult‐onset conditions). A total of 193 women provided 739 usable ratings across 20 conditions. The mean ratings and correlations demonstrated that participants made distinctions across both attributes and categories. Aggregated mean attribute ratings across categories demonstrated logical consistency between the key features of each attribute and category, although participants perceived little difference between the mild and serious categories. This study provides empirical evidence for the validity of our proposed taxonomy, which will simplify patient decisions for results they would like to receive from preconception carrier screening via genome sequencing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences