jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural characterization of enterochromaffin-type cells in human gastric carcinoma.

Ultrastructural characterization has been performed on eosinophilic granular cells occurring in gastric carcinomas. Of these, the present paper dealt with enterochromaffin (EC)-type cells. EC-type cells were identified by the presence of eosinophilic granules, immunoreactivity for serotonin (5 HT) and argentaffinity. Conventional electron microscopy revealed that they bore membrane bound, electron-dense granules of varying size (100-800 nm in shorter diameter), which were larger than those of normal EC cells. Their shapes are round, rod-shaped and concave. The granules are immunolabeled for 5HT by both pre- and post-embedding methods. The preembedding method also disclosed diffuse cytosolic immunoreactivity. Both differentiated-type and undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas showed essentially the same results. General trends of occurrence of Paneth-like and EC-type cells in gastric carcinomas were also discussed. The present study confirmed that EC-type cells in gastric carcinoma retained basic characteristics of EC cells despite of morphological deviation from the normal cells. It is speculated that they are derived from neoplastic precursor cells with a special differentiation.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Word Embeddings for the Software Engineering Domain

A .bin file for a word2vec model pre-trained on 15GB of Stack Overflow posts. For more details refer to the following paper: Efstathiou, V., Chatzilenas, C., Spinellis, D., 2018. "Word Embeddings for the Software Engineering Domain". In <em>Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories.</em> ACM

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cell Wall and Surface Molecules: Capsule

In the 1920s, it was recognized that a mucoid or matte colony phenotype of Streptococcus pyogenes was associated with virulence in mice and with resistance to killing by human blood leukocytes. The gelatinous material produced by the mucoid isolates, currently known as capsule, was later characterized as hyaluronic acid, a linear polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid with a high molecular mass that is structurally identical to hyaluronic acid found in the extracellular matrix of many higher animals, including human beings. It is now recognized that most (but not all) clinical isolates of group A streptococci produce hyaluronic acid, which is associated with the cell surface during exponential growth and shed during stationary phase. This chapter presents a summary of information on the capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes, its biochemistry, genetics, and role in virulence.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A.M.M.A.A. – The Archive for Mapping Mother Artists in Asia

With the project A.M.M.A.A. in focus, the chapter seeks to create a platform for motherhood and maternal studies, to claim space within the feminist discourse, which is hitherto a relatively unexplored area in the theoretical domains of contemporary Asian art. The author draws upon her interface and working with researchers, artists and curators from non-Asian societies, and the conceptualisation of A.M.M.A.A. The reader is guided towards the online and onsite structuring of the project, which includes different modules such as online documentation through the project website, art workshops, international artist residencies and the A.M.M.A.A. Art Collection. It also talks about the limited publications available on maternal studies in art in Asia. The author seeks to create a ground for motherhood as an agency in Asia through which the new trajectories of feminist questions can be visualised, spoken about and probed into.

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Metal Oxo-Fluoride Molecules O<i><sub>n</sub></i>MF<sub>2</sub> (M = Mn and Fe; <i>n</i> = 1–4) and O<sub>2</sub>MnF: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemistry

On reacting laser-ablated manganese or iron difluorides with O<sub>2</sub> or O<sub>3</sub> during codeposition in solid neon or argon, infrared absorptions of several new metal oxo-fluoride molecules, including OMF<sub>2</sub>, (η<sup>1</sup>-O<sub>2</sub>)MF<sub>2</sub>, (η<sup>2</sup>-O<sub>3</sub>)MF<sub>2</sub>, (η<sup>1</sup>-O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>MF<sub>2</sub> (M = Mn and Fe), and O<sub>2</sub>MnF, have been observed. Quantum chemical density functional and multiconfiguration wavefunction calculations have been applied to characterize these new products by their geometric and electronic structures, vibrations, charges, and bonding. The assignment of the main vibrational absorptions as dominant symmetric or antisymmetric M-F or M-O stretching modes is confirmed by oxygen isotopic shifts and quantum chemical calculations of frequencies and thermal stabilities. The tendency of Fe to form polyoxygen complexes in lower oxidation states than the preceding element Mn is affirmed experimentally and supported theoretically. The M-F stretching frequencies of the isolated metal oxo-fluorides may provide a scale for the local charge on the MF<sub>2</sub> sites in active energy conversion systems. The study of these species provides insights for understanding the trend of oxidation state changes across the transition-metal series.

Topic: Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Limiting free energy per particle for Ising Model by approximating its functional integral

There have been a lot of methods aimed at studying the limiting free energy per particle (LFEPP) for 3-dimensional (3D) Ising model in absence of an external magnetic field. These methods are elegant, but most of them are complicated and often require specialized knowledge and special skills. Here we approximate the LFEPP for Ising model from its functional integral using classic mathematical-physical methods. The resulting LFEPPs for 1-dimensional (1D) to 3D Ising model have similar structures and forms. We then verify that these LFEPPs are correct for two limiting cases of the 1D and 2-dimensional (2D) models, as well as for the critical inverse temperature $z_c$ of the 2D model. Based on these verifications, we derive naturally the LFEPP and the $z_c$ ($\approx 0.21\sim 0.22$) for the 3D model. Furthermore, we suggest similar LFEPPs for 1D-3D Ising models with an external magnetic field, although they are too complicated.

Topic: Theoretical and Computational Physics
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: M BH − M ⋆ relation and black hole mass function

The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ different sub-grid models for galaxies and supermassive black holes (BHs). We investigate the impact of the sub-grid models on the BH mass properties of the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations, focusing on the MBH − M⋆ relation and the BH mass function. All simulations predict tight MBH − M⋆ relations, and struggle to produce BHs of $M_{\\rm BH}\\leqslant 10^{7.5}\\, \\rm M_{\\odot }$ in galaxies of $M_{\\star }\\sim 10^{10.5}\\!-\\!10^{11.5}\\, \\rm M_{\\odot }$. While the time evolution of the mean MBH − M⋆ relation is mild ($\\rm \\Delta M_{\\rm BH}\\leqslant 1\\, dex$ for 0 $\\leqslant z \\leqslant$ 5) for all the simulations, its linearity (shape) and normalization varies from simulation to simulation. The strength of SN feedback has a large impact on the linearity and time evolution for $M_{\\star }\\leqslant 10^{10.5}\\, \\rm M_{\\odot }$. We find that the low-mass end is a good discriminant of the simulation models, and highlights the need for new observational constraints. At the high-mass end, strong AGN feedback can suppress the time evolution of the relation normalization. Compared with observations of the local Universe, we find an excess of BHs with $M_{\\rm BH}\\geqslant 10^{9}\\, \\rm M_{\\odot }$ in most of the simulations. The BH mass function is dominated by efficiently accreting BHs ($\\log _{10}\\, f_{\\rm Edd}\\geqslant -2$) at high redshifts, and transitions progressively from the high-mass to the low-mass end to be governed by inactive BHs. The transition time and the contribution of active BHs are different among the simulations, and can be used to evaluate models against observations.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of respiration-induced heart movements on the ECG

We present a model describing the rotation of the cardiac vector as a possible mechanism resulting in the presence of respiratory information in the ECG. The way in which this information is revealed is analyzed and the predictions subjected to qualitative experimental assessment via spectral analysis. The results show that respiratory frequencies occur in the ECG spectrum due to heart movement. By measuring on a patient wearing a pacemaker and ventilated to control respiratory rate we show that even in the absence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) there is a baseband information in the ECG spectrum, attributable neither to electrode artifacts nor to emg, and sidebands from the respiratory cycle.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kajian besaran angkutan sedimen pada Sungai Larona Kab. Luwu Timur dengan menggunakan beberapa metode empiris

In 2023, the Larona River in Pongkeru Village overflowed, inundating several residents' houses. One of the factors causing this was the shallowing of the river due to sedimentation in the Larona River. The river flow also transported sediment materials from the erosion process carried by the water flow. This study aims to determine the estimated rate of bottom sediment transport using the Einstein and Mayer Peter Muller methods on the Larona River located in Pongkeru Village, Malili District, East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province using the Einstein and Mayer Peter Muller equations. This study uses a quantitative research method with sediment as the dependent variable, river depth (h), river width (L) as independent variables. The results of this study indicate that the volume of sediment rate of the Larona River using the Einstein Method was obtained at 1,338 m3/day under normal conditions and 1,729 m3/day under flood conditions, for the Meyer Peter Muller method it was obtained at 7,391 m3/day under normal conditions and 18,741 m3/day under flood conditions.

Topic: Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Seasonal sensitivity of the eddy-driven jet to tropospheric heating in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model

A dry dynamical core is used to investigate the seasonal sensitivity of the circulation to two idealized thermal forcings–a tropical upper tropospheric forcing, and a polar lower tropospheric forcing. The circulation is modified using a set of perpetual simulations to simulate each month of the year, while the thermal forcings are held constant. The circu- lation responses to tropical warming and polar warming are studied separately, and then the response to the simultaneously applied forcings is analyzed. Finally, the seasonality of the internal variability of the circulation is explored as a possible mechanism to explain the seasonality of the responses. The primary results of these experiments are: 1) There is a seasonal sensitivity in the circulation response to both the tropical and polar forcings. 2) The jet position response to each forcing is greatest in the transition seasons, and the jet speed response exhibits a seasonal sensitivity to both forcings although the seasonal sensi- tivities are not the same. 3) The circulation response is nonlinear in the transition seasons, but approximately linear in the summer and winter months. 4) The internal variability of the unforced circulation exhibits a seasonal sensitivity that may partly explain the seasonal sensitivity of the forced response. The seasonality of the internal variability of daily MERRA reanalysis data is compared to that of the model, demonstrating that the broad conclusions drawn from this idealized modeling study may be useful for understanding the jet response to anthropogenic forcing.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
To the diagnosis of pustular syphalides

Up to the present time there is no convenient and exact division of syphilis seizures into certain groups, which would make it possible to understand the essence of this or that suffering of the organism on the basis of this disease: Biett, e.g., divides all syphilis on the basis of their morphological features, Risord - on the basis of the time of their appearance, Virchow, Brensprung, Bazin, Leloir, Zeissl and others mainly take into account the qualitative character of pathological and anatomical changes and on the basis of them offer a number of classifications of syphilis. However, all these classifications often fail to give a full and clear explanation of the observed syphilitic forms.

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On-resonance round beam experiment in the HLS-II storage ring

The strong intra beam scattering effect and the increase in horizontal emittance become common issues for next-generation ultra-low emittance storage rings. The round beam can be an effective method to solve these problems. Moreover, the produced round synchrotron radiation is suitable for optical matching. The on-resonance tune is an easier method to achieve round beam. In this paper, simulation and experimental results are introduced based on the nominal lattice of the HLS-II storage ring.

Topic: Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
De la violencia a la palabra. Hacia la recuperación del espacio político

The present research article studies, in the context of the situation the democracies in Latin America, necessary conditions to promote, from diverse situations of mere survival, the construction of effective political life as an expression of spaces designed and practiced from and for coexistence. The characteristics and consequences of situations of “desciudadanía” generated by the violence produced by the imposition of relations of power or relations of market competitiveness that significantly restrict the political space are analyzed with a qualitative methodology. Emphasizing the steps to advance spaces for deliberation and the construction of agreements, in the conclusions the article attaches particular importance to the implementation of a political language of coexistence that redefines the traditional discursive functions to highlight its function of transformation with to the reconstruction of active citizenship.

Topic: Latin American socio-political dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Incidence and extent of right ventricular functional disorders following the 1st myocardial infarction].

A series of 63 patients were studied by gated radionuclide angiocardiography 51/2 weeks after their first acute myocardial infarction. Left (LVEF) and right (RVEF) ventricular ejection fraction were assessed in three groups of patients: 12 patients with transmural anterior infarctions, 35 patients with transmural inferior infarctions and 16 patients with non-transmural infarctions. LVEF was depressed only in the group of patients with anterior infarctions (34.4 +/- 16.3%) but remained within normal limits in the other two groups. RVEF was reduced in 64% of patients with inferior infarctions; the mean value in this group was 36.3 +/- 10.2% (normal range 48 +/- 8%, p less than 0.02). In the other two groups RVEF was only rarely reduced and the mean values were within normal limits. Regional wall motion abnormalities ( WMA ) were found in 47% of all patients, those localised in the left ventricle matching ECG localisation of necrosis in 86% of cases. Only patients with infarctions of the inferior left ventricular wall were found to have WMA in the right ventricle. Functional signs of ischemia (decrease of RVEF or LVEF during physical exercise) were found in 34% of patients with transmural infarctions and 57% of patients with non-transmural infarctions. Radionuclide angiocardiography showed itself a valuable method for assessing persistent dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction not only of the left but also of the right ventricle, a phenomenon not easily detected clinically.

Topic: Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sakralaus ir demoniško miesto vaizdiniai lietuvių dramaturgijoje

The article explores the dramas where the city is depicted as a special place determining the dramatization of a piece of work. The city symbolism is analyzed according to the criteria of the archetypal city images formulated by M. Eliade, and J. Lotman. The first part of the article ”A sacral city – Vilnius” deals with historical dramas (“Gediminas’ Dream” by A. Fromas Gužutis, “Kęstutis’ Death” by Maironis, “Radvila the Thunder”, “The Fate of Twilight ”, and “Barbora Radvilaite” by B. Sruoga, “Živilė” by A. Škėma, “Barbora Radvilaitė” by J. Grušas, “The Cathedral” by J. Marcinkevičius, “The Crown and the Sand” by R. Samulevičius, and etc.). In Lithuanian dramaturgy, Vilnius meets all the criteria of an ideal, sacred city. In poetic dramas, Vilnius is described as a superb creation embodying the plenitude of human existence. The second part of the article “The Demonic City” deals with the dramas in which the city symbolism conveys the opposite of a sacred, ideal city – an eccentric and demonic city localized in the “outskirts” of cultural space. This aspect of the city symbolism is analyzed in separate subsections: “The Doomed City” (“The Sea Bells” by Vydūnas, and “The Shackles” by M. Pečkauskaitė), “The Profane City” (the comedy “Vain Attempts” by P. Vaičiūnas, “Julijana” by A. Škėma, “A Spring Song” by B. Sruoga, “The Mammoth Hunt” by K. Saja and etc.), “The Reflections of Identity” (“Liučė is skating” by L. S. Černiauskaitė, “A Neighbour”, “Madagascar”, and “A Close City” by M. Ivaškevičius).

Topic: European Cultural and National Identity
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Contingency cost modelling by MATLAB fuzzy toolbox for natural gas maintenance contracts

The agreed-upon operational contingency cost is a key element of maintenance contracts, especially for the Natural Gas Reduction and Metering Stations. Disputes, claims, and failure to fulfil contractual obligations often stem from poor estimation of the risks associated with contingency costs. Currently, there are no standard rules or methods for companies to estimate these costs. As a result, some practices rely on rough estimates as a percentage of the total contract value without conducting any risk analysis. Others base their estimates on opinions from subject matter experts. This paper addresses the issue of improper contingency cost estimation by: 1) identifying the most influential factors affecting the value of maintenance contracts in the natural gas sector, and 2) developing a fuzzy logic risk analysis model to predict contingency costs based on the specific circumstances of contract signing. The effectiveness of this approach was validated through a real case study of an existing natural gas maintenance contract in Egypt. The results revealed that the most impactful factors were economic, contractual, operational, construction, and regulatory risks, while market and legal risks had the least impact. In addition, the findings show that the proposed model predicts the contingency cost with nearly 94.69% accuracy.

Topic: Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regionalism and Security

Regionalism and Security Get access Regionalism and Security. By K.M. Panikkar and others. Bombay, Oxford University Press; New Delhi, Indian Council of World Affairs, 1948. vi+ 73 pp. 834′​′×512′​′⁠. 7s. 6d.. Rs. 4. Ian Jacob Ian Jacob Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 26, Issue 2, April 1950, Page 286, https://doi.org/10.2307/2605710 Published: 01 April 1950

Topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Endothelial microparticles prevent lipid‐induced endothelial damage <i>via</i> Akt/eNOS signaling and reduced oxidative stress

ABSTRACT Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are endothelium‐derived submicron vesicles that are released in response to diverse stimuli and are elevated in cardiovascular disease, which is correlated with risk factors. This study investigates the effect of EMPs on endothelial cell function and dysfunction in a model of free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate‐induced oxidative stress. EMPs were generated from TNF‐α‐stimulated HUVECs and quantified by using flow cytometry. HUVECs were treated with and without palmitate in the presence or absence of EMPs. EMPs were found to carry functional eNOS and to protect against oxidative stress by positively regulating eNOS/Akt signaling, which restored NO production, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase, and suppressed NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with the involvement of NF‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and heme oxygenase‐1. Conversely, under normal conditions, EMPs reduced NO release and increased ROS and redox‐sensitive marker expression. In addition, functional assays using EMP‐treated mouse aortic rings that were performed under homeostatic conditions demonstrated a decline in endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation, but restored the functional response under lipid‐induced oxidative stress. These data indicate that EMPs harbor functional eNOS and potentially play a role in the feedback loop of damage and repair during homeostasis, but are also effective in protecting against FFA‐induced oxidative stress; thus, EMP function is reflected by the microenvironment.— Mahmoud, A. M., Wilkinson, F. L., McCarthy, E. M., Moreno‐Martinez, D., Langford‐Smith, A., Romero, M., Duarte, J., Alexander, M. Y. Endothelial microparticles prevent lipid‐induced endothelial damage via Akt/eNOS signaling and reduced oxidative stress. FASEB J. 31, 4636–4648 (2017). www.fasebj.org

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences