jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection and localization of fugitive emissions in industrial plants using surveillance cameras

Industrial plants commonly generate gas emissions that are not caused intentionally. These emissions are known as fugitive emissions. Early detection of fugitive emissions helps to find points of failure in the different processes and avoid sources of pollution, helping to reduce danger to the environment and to respect legislation. Despite the importance of the problem, there are no published solutions in the specialized literature about the location and automated detection of fugitive emissions in industrial plants. Therefore, this article proposes an effective approach based on convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation. The proposed solution takes advantage of existing surveillance cameras to apply state-of-the-art image segmentation methods, in particular, the semantic segmentation network DeeplabV3 + . This work explores aspects such as the ability to differentiate gases like water vapor and clouds from fugitive emissions, the possibility of reusing models in different industrial plants, the differences between multi-class and binary classification, the importance of proportions in the number of images in each class, the use of weights to balance classes, the comparison of a standard size test versus a real use case test, and the feasibility of an area-based alarm system to warn of emissions. This paper describes a methodology to configure the proposed solution for a specific industrial facility.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Peritoneal Fluid Estrogen and Progesterone Concentrations Permits Individualization of Medical Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Lower Doses, Especially in Adolescents Not Requiring Contraception

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the importance of peritoneal fluid steroid hormone concentrations to understand the mechanism of hormonal medical treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. Design: The study included a PubMed search and a pilot trial in 8 adolescents. Results: Oral contraceptives (OCs) were designed to inhibit ovulation in all women, and doses are much higher than the mean ovulation-inhibiting dose. Therefore, in most women, half a dose and in some women, even less is sufficient to inhibit ovulation. The inhibition of ovarian function and ovulation decreases estrogen and progesterone concentrations in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Surprisingly, the effect on peritoneal fluid steroid hormone concentrations has not been considered to explain the impact on endometriosis-associated pain. The lowering of the high estrogen concentrations in peritoneal fluid is sufficient to explain the pain decrease in superficial and ovarian endometriosis. A direct progesterone effect is unlikely, given the high progesterone concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of ovulatory women. In 8 adolescents, half an OC dose resulted in an apparently similar pain relief as a full dose (personal observation). Conclusions: The decrease in ovarian and superficial pelvic endometriosis-associated pain with OCs can be explained by lowering the intra-ovarian and the high estrogen concentrations in peritoneal fluid after ovulation. A direct progesterone effect is unlikely. Since OCs are severely overdosed in most women, half a dose is sufficient in most with fewer side effects, permitting individualization of therapy in women not requiring contraception. Understanding peritoneal fluid also explains that hormone replacement therapy is not contraindicated in most women with a history of endometriosis. Since the mechanisms of medical therapy of endometriosis-associated pain and the prevention of progression might be different, the growth of lesions must be monitored during treatment.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hormonal Predictors of Successful Medical Management of a Nonviable First-Trimester Gestation With Misoprostol

Barnhart, Kurt T. MD, MSCE; Zhang, Jun PhD; Giles, Jerry MD; Westoff, Carolyn MD; Creinin, Mitch MD; Frederick, Margaret PhD Author Information

Topic: Reproductive Health and Contraception
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Economic Evaluation of Life Cycle costs on Brigde Rehabilitation or Meintenance

It seeems really important to make adequate maintemance and rehabilitation management schemes for keeping the existent structures good condition.In this paper, a simulation method for estimating life cycle cost of bridge is proposed using the Value Management Term whether the bridge shoud be rehabilitated or replaced without maintenance. This is evaluated by EUAC for annual interests, qualitatively. To be replaced or not depends on the type of bridge deterioration or annual interest rates, significantly.

Topic: Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Primary structure and variability of partial sequences in nonstructural gene 5 region of hepatitis G virus].

Six isolates of HGV were obtained from different cases and donors. The partial nucleotide sequences, as well as amino acid sequences, of the putative NS5 region of HGV were relatively conserved. This region of the genome may be suitable for the development of diagnosis reagents.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paradise/prison: a photographic staging of dystopian narratives in the Australian landscape

In this practice-based PhD project, I explore the proposition that the colonisation of Australia has amounted to various forms of dystopian landscapes. Through a process of photographic and video-based visual research, I stage landscape narratives in the Australian ‘natural’ environment and attempt to portray metaphors that pertain to the characteristics of a dystopia. These narratives often contain dramatised elements of existing mythologies, biblical and otherwise, and are shaped and imagined out of a sense of the dark, foreboding and unwelcoming nature of the Australian environment as it has appeared to settlers. I create various dark evocations of an Australian landscape which seek to reflect the unease that many white Australians, including myself, have felt, and continue to feel, within it. More broadly, my work also evokes a distinctly Western human condition of simultaneously forming a part of, and yet being estranged from, the natural world. My studio work is contextualised through readings of historical and contemporary theorists and practitioners whose work explores the Australian landscape. As well as postcolonial theory, my examples include films, paintings, photographs and musical scores that depict or represent narratives and characters within tragic, estranged circumstances from their environment. Often melancholic, these representations frequently allude to violence, include an element of vigilantism, and more often than not, function to isolate their characters from the natural world. In short, the white settler fear of and disconnection to nature is something I frequently attempt to investigate through my studio research and within the chapters of the exegesis.

Topic: Geographies of human-animal interactions
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Specific Electric Conductivity and Electrokinetic Potential of Porous Glasses of Different Compositions in Solutions of 1 : 1-Charged Electrolytes at a Constant Salt Level

The specific electrical conductivity and electrokinetic potential of porous glasses (PGs) containing and not containing magnetite in the structure of the silicate matrix in the background of centimolar solutions of NaCl and KNO3 are studied in the range of pH 2–6. It is shown that the presence of magnetite in the glass structure has practically no effect on the values of the efficiency coefficients and electrokinetic potentials in the systems under study. It is found that in the acidic pH range for iron-containing PG, a decrease in the specific electrical conductivity of the pore solution is observed in comparison with the equilibrium electrolyte.

Topic: Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Modeling of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters for Dynamic Simulation of Large-Scale Distribution Systems

Historically, distribution system planning studies mainly focused on steady state and quasi-steady state analysis, with limited attention paid to dynamic analysis. This paper develops three-phase, electromechanical models for both grid-forming and grid-following inverters, and integrates them into an open source, three-phase distribution network solver, thereby enabling dynamic simulation of large-scale, three-phase unbalanced distribution systems with high penetration of inverter-based DERs. The proposed inverter models are validated against electromagnetic simulation and field test data from the CERTS/AEP microgrid testbed, and simulated in an islanded 5252 node distribution system in the GridLAB-D simulation environment. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed inverter models for large-scale distribution system analysis. Finally, study results show that compared to traditional grid-following inverters, the high penetration of grid-forming inverters can improve the voltage and frequency stability of islanded distribution systems.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A DATASET OF APICAL PERIODONTITIS LESIONS IN PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS FOR DEEP-LEARNING-BASED CLASSIFICATION AND DETECTION

Deep learning has been studied in recent years to identify periapical lesions- a significant indicator of periapical periodontitis in radiographs. An accurate dataset is essential for constructing an efficient learning model for detecting periapical lesions. In order to achieve this goal, we gathered and created a database of panoramic radiographs containing periapical lesions from the High-quality Dental Treatment Centre, School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University, between January 2016 and March 2021. Out of 16,519 radiographs, three experienced dentists identified 3,926 images of periapical lesions and annotated those lesions based on the Periapical Lesions Classification. By applying well-known data processing techniques (e.g. scaling, mirroring, and flipping), the amount of data is increased to 17,004 images through generating additional images for machine learning. The dataset has three folders: one for the original photos, one for the post-augmentation images, and the rest for the annotation of periapical lesions. The information could assist researchers in developing a predictive machine model for detecting periapical lesions in radiographs.

Topic: Dental Radiography and Imaging
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Attitudes About University Governance at Ohio Wesleyan

Our group is studying the involvement of Ohio Wesleyan students in university governance. University governance is all of the decisions that are made about how the university operates. Aspects of university governance include decisions on budgeting, student services, designing academic curriculum, policies and procedures for staff, faculty, and students, etc. At Ohio Wesleyan, many groups and individuals are involved in the process of governance, such as President Rock Jones, the Board of Trustees, the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs, department boards that include student participation, and committees composed of faculty, staff, and students. The issue of student participation in university governance is important as students at Ohio Wesleyan, and across the nation, have begun push for more involvement in making and influencing university decisions. We have developed a quantitative survey that includes questions about students’ perceptions and attitudes of student participation in university governance at Ohio Wesleyan, the reasons that students believe they should or should not be involved in governance at Ohio Wesleyan, and students’ knowledge of the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs. We are currently collecting data from 160 random students on campus. After all the data is collected, we will analyze the answers to see the trends that do or do not occur. We are collecting this data in an effort to provide different governing bodies within Ohio Wesleyan University relevant, useful information on student attitudes towards their participation in university governance.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Generalized Reissner–Mindlin Model for Composite Plates with No Restrictions on Constituent Materials

Unlike previous works, the present work implements the variational-asymptotic method to develop a generalized Reissner–Mindlin model for composite plates made of inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. From a mathematical perspective, an equivalent two-dimensional plate model is first constructed through a dimensional-reduction procedure that involves the asymptotically correct energy functional up to second order in small parameters and with no specific restrictions on constituent materials. Next, to obtain a generalized Reissner–Mindlin plate model, a hybrid energy transformation procedure is applied from an engineering perspective. During this procedure, the unnecessary mathematical complexity of partial-derivative terms in the energy functional derived herein and obscure physical interpretations of mechanical boundary conditions in the plate modeling are systematically resolved. To evaluate the accuracy and capability of these procedures, three-dimensional recovery relations are established to predict the three-dimensional fields of the original three-dimensional structure. Several examples from the literature are presented to demonstrate the consistency and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Recurrent retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma of myxoid type with mesocolon infiltration].

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma. If located in the retroperitoneum, abdominal pain is the predominant clinical feature. Like all primary tumors in this area, it is difficult to diagnosis early. A case of malignant myxoid retroperitoneal fibrous histiocytoma is described. Six years after it had been resected, the tumor recurred and infiltrated the mesocolon. The patient was submitted to intestinal resection. Although this tumor type carries a poor prognosis, patient survival is longer and there are less metastases.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Feedback and Variation on Inspection Reliability

The reliability of Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an on-going challenge. The consequences of failed inspections can be dire, and thus the requirements for NDT reliability are very high. The work is technically demanding and requires skilled use of the available equipment and keen judgement to properly discern flaw signals from noise. Somewhat paradoxically, the work is also very tedious and repetitive. Most of the inspected targets do not contain any flaws but the inspectors need to be constantly alert for the possibility. The recent studies on human factors have brought advances in (among other things) improved readability of inspection procedures and procedures of reviews and redundant inspections widely used in order to improve overall inspection reliability. In present paper, the effect of feedback and variation on inspector performance is studied. To test this, a small empirical study was completed. An online tool was created with a simplified UT set-up: B-scan image of the data and software gain control and tools to indicate cracks with point and click. The system generates random flawed data images on the fly. The user then analyses the images and indicates found flaws by clicking them. After 150 images have been analysed (many of them without flaws), the system uses the provided hits and misses to compute a POD curve and confidence bounds using standard (ASTM E2862) techniques. Additional "learning" version of the tool was created. In this "learning mode", after user requests next image, the system shows results of the current images (i.e. hits, misses and false calls in the current image). This set-up provides the inspector with direct feedback of his success and better facilitates learning this particular inspection task. The tool was presented to a small group of 9 inspectors in level-III inspector training and results were gathered from trainees both before and after training (and with and without feedback). The results from this small group of inspectors indicated, that the direct feedback on achieved reliability can quickly improve POD values. However, the study group was small and thus the results need further investigation and confirmation.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The filamin-B–refilin axis – spatiotemporal regulators of the actin-cytoskeleton in development and disease

ABSTRACT During development, cycles of spatiotemporal remodeling of higher-order networks of actin filaments contribute to control cell fate specification and differentiation. Programs for controlling these dynamics are hard-wired into actin-regulatory proteins. The filamin family of actin-binding proteins exert crucial mechanotransduction and signaling functions in tissue morphogenesis. Filamin-B (FLNB) is a key player in chondrocyte progenitor differentiation for endochondral ossification. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations or gain-of-function mutations in FLNB cause two groups of skeletal disorders that can be attributed to either the loss of repressive function on TGF-β signaling or a disruption in mechanosensory properties, respectively. In this Review, we highlight a unique family of vertebrate-specific short-lived filamin-binding proteins, the refilins (refilin-A and refilin-B), that modulate filamin-dependent actin crosslinking properties. Refilins are downstream TGF-β effectors in epithelial cells. Double knockout of both refilin-A and refilin-B in mice results in precocious ossification of some axial skeletal elements, leading to malformations that are similar to those seen in FLNB-deficient mice. Based on these findings, we present a model summarizing the role of refilins in regulating the mechanosensory functions of FLNB during skeletal development. We also discuss the possible contribution of refilins to FLNB-related skeletal pathologies that are associated with gain-of-function mutations.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FRUIT BRANDY PRODUCTION BY BATCH COLUMN DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX

ABSTRACT The relationship between the operating parameters of batch fruit spirits column stills with reflux and the congener (trace compounds that provide flavors and aromas) concentrations in resulting fruit spirits has not been widely studied. Congener concentrations were determined in three different collection fractions, or “cuts,” during batch distillation. Acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were found in higher concentrations in the head cut, first overhead fraction, of the distillation and have lower boiling points relative to ethanol. 1‐Propanol and isoamyl alcohol (isopentanol) were present in higher concentrations in the tail cut, third or final fraction, of the distillation and have boiling points that are higher than ethanol. Methanol has a unique concentration profile as it has higher concentrations in both the head and tail cuts, but a lower concentration in the heart cut, the middle fraction which is the desired product of the distillation. Methanol was of particular interest because the distillate must adhere to governmental regulations that limit its concentration in the product. Operating‐condition parameters that were studied include the number of trays used in the distillation as well as the use of a “catalytic converter,” a high surface, copper‐packing material thought to catalyze formation of cyanide‐containing compounds allowing them to be separated from the distillate. The effect of the number of trays used in a distillation on the concentration of ethanol and the congeners, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, 1‐propanol and isoamyl alcohol in the final distilled spirits product is presented. An additional result of acetaldehyde production at the copper surface of the catalytic converter was also discovered in the analysis of the data.

Topic: Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Public Sector Real Estate Asset Management Models and their Financial Evaluation: The Case of Estonia

Estonian government, having started to adopt the ideas of the theory of New Public Management, has decided to apply private sector best practices also in it´s public sector real estate asset management (PREAM). In order to evaluate the possible performance of the reforms, outlined to implement on the state level of real estate portfolio, a general theoretical concept of PREAM and also four basic PREAM models have been developed. According to these models, two basic views of Estonian state buildings portfolio are empirically analyzed: 1) the portfolio of general-purpose property and 2) the portfolio of special-purpose property. The results of the research is given, based on the two main analysis methods - fiscal impact analysis (FIA) and benefit-cost analysis (BCA), where the discussion about the appropriate level of discount rate application to long-term cash-flow forecast plays a significant role. Implications made out of the research should give some broader enlightment about the problems arising from the similar kind of model-based analysis of the performance of public sector real estate asset management in other countries. The results and conclusions of the paper may be useful to countries still considering the application of improving reforms of real estate management in their public sector.

Topic: Facilities and Workplace Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The ''Baroque'' Element in Klopstock's Figurative Style

THE “BAROQUE” ELEMENT IN KLOPSTOCK'S FIGURATIVE STYLE A. MENHENNET A. MENHENNET Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume VI, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 140–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/VI.2.140 Published: 01 April 1970

Topic: Historical and Cultural Studies of Poland
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A MAP solution to blind source separation

In blind source separation nothing is supposed about the mixing matrix. Nevertheless, sometimes we have a previous knowledge about some of the elements a/sub ij/, not about the structure of the mixing matrix. We model this a priori knowledge with a probability density function, then a maximum a posteriori (MAP) or Bayes approach to the problem is proposed in this paper.

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences