jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytol as an anticarcinogenic and antitumoral agent: An in vivo study in swiss mice with DMBA‐Induced breast cancer

Abstract Phytol (PHY) (3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐2‐en‐1‐ol) exhibits various pharmacological properties including toxicity and cytotoxicity, and exerts antitumor activity. Owing to the urgent need of new pharmaceutical formulations for breast cancer therapy, this study aimed at the evaluation of antitumor activity of PHY in 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene‐cancer‐induced animal model. Comet assay was employed to evaluate the cytogenetics, DNA repair, and antigenotoxic activities of PHY in neoplastic (breast) and non‐neoplastic rodent cells (bone marrow, lymphocytes, and liver). Additionally, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in experimental animals. Thirty nonpregnant female mice ( n = 5) underwent 7 weeks treatment with 6 mg/kg pro‐carcinogen, PHY (4 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg). Induction of cancer was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67. Results suggest that PHY exhibits low toxicity in comparison with other groups in hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and organ size parameters. Additionally, PHY showed modulatory effects on the pro‐carcinogen, and induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, it showed a DNA damage repair capacity in mouse lymphocytes. These data indicate that PHY may have the potential as an anticancer candidate in pharmaceutical consumption. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):200–212, 2019

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Binary mechanism in grazing ion-surface collisions

For ions grazingly impinging on solid surfaces, the mechanism of binary collision with the free-electron gas is investigated by employing a semiclassical formalism. The model is applied to the calculation of the energy lost by fast protons colliding with aluminum surfaces. Different transitions that contribute to the energy loss are analyzed. The total energy loss by binary collisions is compared with recent experimental data and results from the dielectric formalism. The energy spectrum of the ejected electrons is also studied, finding good agreement with the available experimental data for emission angles separated from the direction of specular reflection of the projectile.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Repairing the past: Chinese grassroots memory actors and the restoration and expansion of the Cemetery for Aviation Martyrs in Nanjing

Recent scholarship has increasingly shifted away from interpreting China’s commemorations of World War II solely as state-driven nationalist projects. Instead, researchers have begun examining the narratives promoted by non-state actors and debating the extent to which these challenged official narratives. Contributing to this developing scholarship, this article explores the important role grassroots memory actors play in shaping the politics and poetics of Chinese war commemoration. It focuses on the activities of a group of Chinese World War II aviation veterans and their families, as well as the families of fallen Chinese airmen, who all had weak voices in China’s politics. I use the term “grassroots memory actors,” instead of the more frequently found “memory activists,” to better grasp the situatedness of such individuals in an illiberal authoritarian political environment and to avoid endowing them with a “progressive bias.” This article demonstrates that from the early 1980s to the 2000s, these grassroots memory actors strategically negotiated with the Chinese state and successfully restored and expanded the Cemetery for Aviation Martyrs, fighting for greater recognition of the airmen of the Republic of China Air Force who fought against Japan during World War II.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus Patas) Lifestyle and Habitat Management Strategies in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria, for the Development of Ecotourism

The rising human activities around the protected areas have been a significant limitation to wildlife conservation, especially in Nigeria. This study evaluated habitat management for the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in Kainji Lake National Park. A field survey through the administration of a structured interview guide was used to extract information on the effective management of the habitat from the park staff. Site assessment was also carried out. Five transects of 1km length were laid at 500m intervals. Four plots of 50m × 50m were alternately laid at 200m intervals in each transect. Enumeration of trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was carried out while the patas monkey activities were monitored. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Thirty-five (35) tree species were identified and classified based on their IUCN status, with 62.86 % as least concern (L.C.), 22.86 % not evaluated (N.E.), and 5.71 % vulnerable (V.U.), 2.86 % endangered (EN). In contrast, 5.71 % do not have an IUCN status code (N.C.). Activities of patas monkey show that those sighted in plots 1, 14, 18, and 20 were running, while those sighted in plots 7 and 10 were feeding on fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers. It was also observed that the animal moves in groups. The respondents opined that hunting and capturing are the primary threat to the animal. Registration of visitors, control burning, and regular patrol were the major habitat management strategies at the park. It is recommended that more water holes be provided to limit the animal's movement to less guided areas. The government should procure more patrol vehicles to improve the regular anti-poaching patrol

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Family farming under pressure: reassessing options for liveability and permanence - An overview

Building sustainable future of rural areas requires more sustainable farming systems with better working conditions for farmers. Liveability is defined as the characteristics of the systems which satisfy farmers' expectations with respect to farming and relations with family and other activities. Farmers expectations of farming conditions are diverse, and deal with many issues: income, work load, options for vacations, nature of work, physical work, recognition by society, usefulness feeling etc. Until recently, farming systems appeared to be fairly stable entities, both in time and space, characterised by continuity and based on a steady set of productive and cultural activities. A range of societal changes are causing tensions which are exacerbated by the uncertainties stemming from globalization and demographic transitions. Farming systems are affected by these developments just like other elements of society. New land use and production schemes are appearing. In this workshop, we address some of the social impacts caused by these shifts, with a special focus on work conditions and on continuity of farming. We deal with methods to analyse liveability and changes in farming systems, we ask how to improve farming systems to fulfil work duration and work patterns expectations, we get insights about integration of marginal people, job quality, interests for community, conditions and consequences of ending farm activities, etc.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Office Orthopedics

Journal Article Office Orthopedics Get access Office Orthopedics. By Lewis Cozen, M.D., F.A.C.S., Attending Orthopedic Staff: The Orthopedic Hospital, Veteran’s Hospital, Los Angeles County Hospital, Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Los Angeles Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Monrovia, California; Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medical Evangelists, Los Angeles, California. Cloth. Price, $5.00. Pp. 232 with 156 illustrations. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1950. Physical Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 1950, Page 255, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/30.6.255a Published: 01 June 1950

Topic: Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of endogenous irisin, a novel myokine, in cognitive functions and insulin sensitivity in exercised diabetic rats

BackgroundIrisin, an exercise-induced myokine, has broad implications for metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the irisin expression and its receptor and the signaling pathway in relation to cognitive functions to allow for a better understanding of its role in an exercised diabetic model.Materials and methodsA total of 40 adult male albino rats were divided equally into four groups. The first group included control rats (the control group). The remaining animals were used to establish a type 2 diabetic model and were further divided into the following: the diabetic sedentary group; the chronic exercised diabetic group; and the acute exercised diabetic group. At the end of the study period, the behavioral assessment was carried out for all groups in a T-maze. After scarification, gastrocnemius muscles, whole brains, and abdominal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, brain irisin receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), brain MAPK and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and MAPK. In addition, insulin sensitivity indices and serum lipid profile were measured for the studied groups.ResultsMuscle irisin expression was significantly elevated in chronic and acute exercised diabetic rats (P < 0.001) compared with diabetic sedentary rats. Significant positive correlations existed between the muscle irisin mRNA expression patterns compared with the brain irisin receptors expression, BDNF, brain MAPK (r = 0.878, 0.933, and 0.908, respectively; P < 0.001 for all), as well as cognitive performance together with an improvement in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. On the other hand, although muscle irisin was correlated positively with adipose MAPK, it was negatively correlated with UCP1.ConclusionOur results suggest that raised muscle irisin levels for both types of exercise are involved in the improvement of cognitive functions and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. However, further studies should clarify its precise role in relation to fat browning.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Survey of Load Balancing Algorithms using VM

Cloud Computing is an emerging computing paradigm. It aims to share data, calculations, and service transparently over a scalable network of nodes. Since Cloud computing stores the data and disseminated resources in the open environment. So, the amount of data storage increases quickly. In the cloud storage, load balancing is a key issue. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information, since the system is too huge to timely disperse load. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. In order to gain maximum profits with optimized load balancing algorithms, it is necessary to utilize resources efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to discuss some of the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing environment.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Overview of pond aquaculture in Nepal

Pond aquaculture is the foremost contributor to the aquaculture contributing 80.25% (58,433 mt. tonnes) to the total aquaculture production in fiscal year 2017/18. There are 44,722 ponds covering 11895.31 ha area in Nepal with the productivity 4912 kg/ha. Among, the different agro-ecological region, terai region is the main contributor to aquaculture as large number of ponds covering the highest area are located in this region. The highest production of pond aquaculture is from Province-2 followed by province-5. The various challenges faced by the farmers in Nepal are lack of technical knowledge, lack of sustainable fingerling supply system and lack of infrastructure development related to fish farming due to less priority of government in fisheries sector. Hence, the government should develop the plan and policy to disseminate the technical knowledge among fish farmers, management of fingerlings production and supply channel at the community level.

Topic: Regional Development and Management Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A SEQUENTIALLY PLANNED BAYESIAN MULTIPLE DECISION PROBLEM IN CONTINUOUS TIME

ABSTRACT In this paper we formulate a finite sequentially planned Bayesian multiple decision problem, thereby introducing a theory of optimal sampling for stochastic processes in continuous time as an alternative observation concept to stopping times, and elaborate the existence and the structure of a Bayes procedure for the sequentially planned observation of stochastic processes of the exponential class. The optimal procedure consists of a Bayesian terminal decision procedure (non-sequential part) and an optimal control variable (sequential part). Moreover, some properties of the Bayes procedure are considered.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Case of Capillary Hemangioma of Lingular Segmental Bronchus in Adult

Capillary hemangioma of the tracheobronchial tree is an extremely rare benign tumor in adults, especially those located in the bronchus. Characteristics and treatment of capillary hemangiomas of adult tracheobronchial trees have not been well known. We present a 61-year-old man with hemoptysis, which was caused by a small tiny nodule in the left lingular segmental bronchus. The nodule was removed by a forcep biopsy, via flexible bronchoscopy, and it was revealed to be capillary hemangioma. A small isolated endobronchial capillary hemangioma can be treated with excisional forcep biopsy, but a risk of massive bleeding should not be overlooked.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cytotoxicity of PP(Arg)(2)- and Hp(Arg)(2)-mediated photodynamic therapy and early stage of apoptosis induction in prostate carcinoma in vitro.

Porphyrin photosensitizers tend to localize in mitochondria. The depolarization of mitochondrial membrane is one of the early stages of apoptosis and Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy allows to determine changes in transmembrane mitochondrial potential under influence of PDT depending on the kind of photosensitizer (PP(Arg)(2), Hp(Arg)(2)), the energy dose (5, 10, 30 and 50 J/cm(2)) and time periods (24 and 48 hours after irradiation) in the LNCaP (lymphonodal metastasis of prostate carcinoma, the androgen dependent cell line). Cyototoxicity induced by PP(Arg)(2)- and Hp(Arg)(2)-based PDT depending on energy dose and time after irradiation in prostate carcinoma is determined with MTT. Generally, it was shown that lower energy doses induce greater changes in transmembrane mitochondrial potential. Hp(Arg)(2)-based PDT was more effective causing greater mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell viability decrease in comparison to PP(Arg)(2)-mediated PDT (in the case of maximal nontoxic photosensitizer doses used).

Topic: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative Effects of HDAC Inhibitor SAHA and MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells

The concept of end-to-end energy-ecological assessment of the entire sequence of processes in the production of a product is known.A similar estimate was introduced for greenhouse gas emissions in the iron and steel industry.However, the contribution of the processes of extraction, enrichment and transportation of raw materials in the above estimates is given approximately.In this work, an attempt is made to clarify this contribution by determining emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases for a generalized technological scheme of an open pit.The calculations used the data of the main units on the assumption of their operation at maximum power.For this reason, auxiliary units were not considered.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF THE GROUND BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) AND THE CLICK BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE) SPECIES ABUNDANCE IN ORGANIC AND INTENSIVELY CULTIVATED CEREAL CROPS

The research has been carried out in 2013–2014 in an organic farm located in Medsėdžiai village, Klaipėda district, and intensive farm located in Laiviai village, Kretinga district. Four agrocenoses have been investigated: wheat, triticale, oat, and multiannual grassland. Five pitfall traps were set out in each of agrocenosis and the traps were active from the last decade of April until the last decade of August. Ground beetle adults that were detected during the study belonged to 27 species and 15 genera. The most abundant ground beetle species were Poecilus cupreus L., Pterostichus melаnаrius Ill, Аmаrа аeneа Deg, Cаrаbus cаncellаtus Ill., Hаrpаlus rufipes Deg., Аnchomenus dorsаlis Pontop. and Bembidion properаns Steph., representatives of which were detected in large numbers in all without an exception investigated agrocenoses and in both types of farming. Two seasonal activity peaks of P. cupreus L. abundance were distinguished in the organic farm: first in the beginning of June and the second in the mid-July. Meanwhile, in the intensive farm it was observed in late May. Click beetle adults, identified in the study, were prescribed to 6 species and 4 genera. The most abundant click beetle species were Agriotes obscurus L., Agriotes lineatus L. and Agriotes sputator L. which occurred without an exception in all the agrocenoses and both types of farms. It was determined that the highest click beetle adults’ activity in the intensive farm was observed in the end of July while the maximum of click beetle adults’ activity in the organic farm was defined in June.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Concepts

The availability of large-scale image captioning and visual question answering datasets has contributed significantly to recent successes in vision-and-language pre-training. However, these datasets are often collected with overrestrictive requirements inherited from their original target tasks (e.g., image caption generation), which limit the resulting dataset scale and diversity. We take a step further in pushing the limits of vision-and-language pre-training data by relaxing the data collection pipeline used in Conceptual Captions 3M (CC3M) [Sharma et al. 2018] and introduce the Conceptual 12M (CC12M), a dataset with 12 million image-text pairs specifically meant to be used for vision-and-language pre-training. We perform an analysis of this dataset and benchmark its effectiveness against CC3M on multiple downstream tasks with an emphasis on long-tail visual recognition. Our results clearly illustrate the benefit of scaling up pre-training data for vision-and-language tasks, as indicated by the new state-of-the-art results on both the nocaps and Conceptual Captions benchmarks.

Topic: Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dynamics of Polymer Sheets Cutting Mechanism

In the paper the dynamics of a cutting mechanism for polymer sheets is analyzed.The mechanism contains two connected slider-crank mechanisms which transform the rotating motion of the leading element into a straightforward motion of the output slider.The mechanism is driven by an electro motor and the slider represents the cutting tool.The cutting force is required to be constant.Using this assumption the kinematic and dynamic properties of the mechanism are determined.In particular, the influence of the cutting force on the input angular velocity of the leading element is analyzed.In addition, the interaction of geometrical and dynamical properties of the mechanism and of the cutting force is investigated.Angular velocity is a function of the cutting force, damping and inertia properties of the system.Variation of the angular velocity of the driving motor are calculated analytically and numerically.Analytically obtained results are in a good agreement with numerical ones.

Topic: Engineering Technology and Methodologies
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Surgical Treatment of Tongue Hemangioma with Diode Laser: Case Report

Hemangiomas are benign, non-reactive lesions containing a large number of vessels. Although several different treatment modalities have been proposed, the management of hemangiomas remains a subject of considerable controversy, and thus the search for a new form of treatment continues. Developments in laser therapy have led to new alternatives for the treatment of vascular lesions of the maxillofacial region. This report describes a hemangioma on the lateral surface of the tongue caused by dental trauma and its successful surgical treatment with a Continuous Wave Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser at 3.0 W and a wavelength of 808 nm. The absence of any peri- or post-operative complications and the excellent tissue regeneration achieved in this case show that diode laser surgery may be a suitable alternative for treating superficial tongue hemangiomas.

Topic: Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New developments for dual methods in lattice field theory at non-zero density

In recent years the complex action problem of lattice field theory at finite density was overcome for several system by mapping them to dual variables (flux lines and surfaces). We illustrate this mapping for the case of the U(1) gauge Higgs system and present some representative physics results for this model. Conceptual challenges such as spectroscopy in the dual approach, as well as algorithmic developments are discussed and related ideas for systems with fermions are addressed. Models where the dual variables approach solves the complex action problem can serve as reference systems for other approaches to finite density lattice field theory and we discuss some examples. Finally we address the strategy of a partial dualization in certain limits, e.g., for strong coupling and large mass.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences