jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-Class Kidney Abnormalities Detecting Novel System Through Computed Tomography

Impaired renal function poses a risk across all age groups. Because of the global shortage of nephrologists, the growing public health concern over renal failure, and technological improvements, there is a demand for an AI-driven system capable of autonomously detecting kidney abnormalities. Chronic kidney disease, commonly known as chronic renal failure, is characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function. Renal failure can be caused by a variety of reasons, including cysts, stones, and tumors. Chronic kidney disease may not have apparent symptoms at first, resulting in instances staying untreated until they reach an advanced state. Tumors are dense clumps of tissue that can cause direct injury to glands, spinal cells, and other organs. The presence of a substantial number of solids in the digestive tract causes kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis. This study used a deep learning model to detect kidney illnesses to solve the global scarcity of urologists. The project entailed obtaining and annotating a large dataset of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images, with an emphasis on kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, which are the most common types of renal illness. The dataset was divided into four categories: cyst, tumor, stone, and normal. Data was collected from several hospitals in the Dhaka area. This work presents an innovative and customizable platform for the clinical diagnosis of kidney diseases such as tumors, stones, and cysts. Our YOLOv8 model&#x2019;s enhanced accuracy opens up new possibilities for identifying kidney cysts, stones, and tumors. We used criteria like accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and specificity to evaluate its performance. The network attained an accuracy rate of 82.52&#x0025;, 85.76&#x0025; precision, 75.28&#x0025; recall, 75.72&#x0025; F1 score, and 93.12&#x0025; specificity.

Topic: Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The History Boys? : masculinity, memory and the 1980s in British cinema, 2005-2010

This study will consider the function of cinema in British society’s ongoing relationship with the 1980s. Its focus on a key period of recent British film history acknowledges popular culture’s flourishing identification with this decade, reflected through a number of media including literature, music and fashion. I argue that with seventeen films set in the 1980s and produced between 2005 and 2010, British cinema is at the centre of this retrospective, providing a unique perspective on our relationship with the era. But what are the determinants of this mediated reminiscence and what does it say about the function of cinema in rendering the past? I contend that a key aspect of this channelling of popular and personal memory is the role of the writer and director. Nearly all male and mostly middle-aged, the films’ creative agents present narratives that foreground young male protagonists and specifically masculine themes. These thematic concerns, including patriarchal absence and homosocial groups, whilst anchored in the concerns of their 1980s socio-political landscape also highlight a contemporary need for the films’ authors to connect to a personal past.&#13;\nThrough reference to sociological, cinematic and political discourse, amongst others, this study will also consider the role of memory in these films. It will contend that the films present a complex perspective of the 1980s, highlighting an ambivalent relationship with the period that transcends nostalgia. The thematic structure of this work will allow a full analysis of the films’ relationship with key aspects of the 1980s incorporating a consideration of critically neglected texts that, I argue, demonstrate a strong mediated relationship with the 1980s. Additionally the study’s unique perspective on a specific period of the recent past and its mediation through film will ensure it has a key contribution to current thinking around the relationship between contemporary masculinity, British cinema and the 1980s.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Quality indicators applied in a nursing continuing education program of a high complexity university hospital from Brazil: III - training indicator

The level of knowledge and training of nursing staff has been related to indicators of quality of care in health, although the application of indicators is still rare related to continuing education programs. The aim of this study was to use the training indicator to evaluate the efficiency of a Continuing Education Program focused on nursing staff in a Brazilian university hospital. In addition, it also checked if different nursing staff characteristics interfere in the training indicator. The number of hours that each nursing professional spent in the program was measured, and this indicator was related to professional features like professional category, unit of work, employment link and department. We note that inpatient sectors and high-complexity care feature a greater average number of hours when compared to units of lower complexity or support or administrative sectors. Another relevant point was the lower number of hours of training of nurses compared to other nursing categories, highlighting the need to consider different strategies for each nursing category. Despite this, nurses that perform assistance compared to those who perform only administrative activities showed no differences in participation. We observe that the profile of professionals was a relevant factor in participating in the program, and that this must be taken into consideration in the planning of continuing education programs. The program in this institution, which has compulsory participation during working hours, was also effective compared to the few studies that have measured the number of hours of training in hospitals of high complexity.

Topic: Health, Nursing, Elderly Care
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of <i>Mesodinium coatsi</i> sp. nov., a Benthic Marine Ciliate

Abstract Mesodinium is a globally distributed ciliate genus forming frequent and recurrent blooms in diverse marine habitats. Here, we describe a new marine species, Mesodinium coatsi n. sp., originally isolated from interstitial water of surface sand samples collected at Mohang Beach, Korea. The species was maintained under a mixotrophic growth condition for longer than 1 yr by providing a cryptomonad, Chroomonas sp., as the sole prey. Cell morphology and subcellular structure were examined by light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, and molecular phylogeny was inferred from nuclear‐encoded 18S r DNA sequence data. Like other Mesodinium species, M. coatsi consisted of two hemispheres separated by two types of kinetids, and had tentacles located at the oral end of the cell. Several food vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm, and partially digested prey cells sometimes existed in food vacuoles. Kinetids and the associated accessory structures were quite similar to those previously reported, but M. coatsi was differentiated from other marine Mesodinium species by ultrastructural characters of the dikinetids, polykinetids, and tentacles. We also provided a detailed illustration of infraciliature. Molecular phylogeny revealed that M. coatsi and Mesodinium chamaeleon were closely related to each other.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Accelerating Certifiable Estimation with Preconditioned Eigensolvers

Convex (specifically semidefinite) relaxation provides a powerful approach to constructing robust machine perception systems, enabling the recovery of certifiably globally optimal solutions of challenging estimation problems in many practical settings. However, solving the large-scale semidefinite relaxations underpinning this approach remains a formidable computational challenge. A dominant cost in many state-of-the-art (Burer-Monteiro factorization-based) certifiable estimation methods is solution verification (testing the global optimality of a given candidate solution), which entails computing a minimum eigenpair of a certain symmetric certificate matrix. In this letter, we show how to significantly accelerate this verification step, and thereby the overall speed of certifiable estimation methods. First, we show that the certificate matrices arising in the Burer-Monteiro approach generically possess spectra that make the verification problem expensive to solve using standard iterative eigenvalue methods. We then show how to address this challenge using preconditioned eigensolvers; specifically, we design a specialized solution verification algorithm based upon the locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient (LOBPCG) method together with a simple yet highly effective algebraic preconditioner. Experimental evaluation on a variety of simulated and real-world examples shows that our proposed verification scheme is very effective in practice, accelerating solution verification by up to 280x, and the overall Burer-Monteiro method by up to 16x, versus the standard Lanczos method when applied to relaxations derived from large-scale SLAM benchmarks.

Topic: Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Subsurface fatigue crack tip strains in 7475‐T7351 aluminium alloy measured using stroboscopic neutron diffraction

Abstract Fatigue crack growth in thick‐section metals is typically controlled by an internal plane strain region where strong triaxial constraint of the crack tip occurs. However, the crack tip stress state in this region is challenging to measure. We have used neutron diffraction to study the plane strain section of fatigue crack tips in situ. A stroboscopic form of neutron diffraction using a moving frame‐of‐reference was developed to measure crack tip strains as a function of phase in the fatigue loading cycle without interrupting the cyclic load. Using point measurements of near‐tip strain in 7475‐T7351 aluminium alloy in conjunction with finite element analysis, we can estimate the extent of the crack tip plastic zone, verifying that it is small for this material and set of loading conditions.

Topic: Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan

The research aims to improve student learning outcomes by using the PBL model in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects. This research is a Classroom Action Research model by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. The research method used includes four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were 16 class V students at SD Negeri 64 Banda Aceh in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 9 boys and 7 girls. The data collection techniques used were written tests, observation and documentation. The data collection instruments used were diagnostic assessment, pretest and posttest, observation sheets, and documents. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. Based on the research, the results of student evaluations, which initially had an average score of 63% in the pre-cycle, experienced an increase in the average score in the first cycle by 67% and in the second cycle the average score was 81%. This shows an increase in learning outcomes for class V students at SD Negeri 64 Banda Aceh by using the PBL learning model which is characterized by student activity.

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The broader usage of sugars and fillers in milk chocolate made possible by the new EC cocoa directive

Summary The European Community directive 2000/36/EC now allows the addition of any sugar to chocolate and also adding up to 40% (w/w) of any foodstuff. Milk chocolates with lactose‐replacing sucrose and also with added fillers were tested for physical and sensory properties. Helianthus tuberosus flour, pea and oat fibres made the taste of the chocolate unacceptable. The addition of cellulose and wheat fibre at low dosages resulted in tolerable flavour; however, fat absorption of fibres caused worse flow properties and toughness made particle sizes to increase. Sugar beet fibres introduced bitter and cereal notes. The three products mentioned above would be useable only after modifications to the upstream process. Lupin gave a higher yield value because of its lecithin content but otherwise showed positive impact and could be used to supplement milk ingredients after adjustments to the recipe. As inulin improved the flow and sensory characteristics, it could be recommended both for its physical and nutritional properties. Lactose was not detectable up to 20%, but had some negative effects at higher levels in a low‐fat formulation and could require refining modifications. Further development seems worthwhile.

Topic: Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-government for India

From H. C. Miller, 'Shaw on India's Demand', Hindu, 28 March 1946. H. C. Miller was a member of the London staff of the Hindu. When Labour came into power in 1945, the Attlee government was committed to independence for India; but there remained concern, both in India and Britain, about provinces having independence forced upon them without safeguarding of minority rights. By 1946 Jinnah had the overwhelming support of the Muslim League for the partition of India into Hindu and Muslim states. In March 1946 the British government sent a cabinet mission to Delhi to work out constitutional proposals with the Indian leaders. The members of the mission were Frederick William Pethick-Laurence, 1st Baron (1871–1961), Secretary of State for India and Burma; Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade; Albert Victor Alexander (Alexander of Hillsborough, 1st Earl, 1885–1965), First Lord of the Admiralty; and Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl (1883–1950), Field Marshal and Viceroy of India, 1943–7. Sir Stafford Cripps had led an unsuccessful mission to India in 1942.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
In search of leisure time: An endogenous growth model with leisure services

Abstract Starting from the Ladrón‐de Guevara et al.’s framework, we develop a model with an additional sector for the production of leisure services. By introducing consumption of leisure services as a time‐consuming activity, our model generalizes the standard time allocation problem whereby total available time can be allocated between work, education, free time and leisure activities. We analytically characterize the balanced growth paths of the model, particularly in terms of time allocation and growth. Our comparative analysis of different service economies assumed at equilibrium includes the case of an industrial economy without a service sector and the potential multiple equilibria of such an economy.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Eimeria southwelli</i>Infection Associated with High Mortality of Cownose Rays

The coccidian Eimeria southwelli is associated with chronic fatal disease in captive cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus. Clinical signs include discoloration of the epidermis, emaciation, coelomic cavity distention, and death. The oocysts can be demonstrated in coelomic fluid obtained by coelomic aspiration. Prevalence of E. southwelli in wild cownose rays was 92% in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. Recommended management practices include strict quarantine and screening by using coelomic cavity aspirate sampling. A dosage of 10 mg toltrazuril/kg orally once a day for 5 d reduces but may not eliminate parasitic loads.

Topic: Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Identity in The Fire-Dwellers

Statistics indicate that in real life the number of women who are enacting what was traditionally women's role — that of home-centred wife and mother — is diminishing rapidly, and it is the same in fiction. In fiction, as in real life, the external characteristics of the role are changing radically, but the recurrent appearance of a maternal figure in the contemporary fiction of women writers such as Margaret Atwood, Margaret Drabble, Doris Lessing, Iris Murdoch, Alice Munro and Margaret Laurence testifies to the continuing power of the archetype as distinct from its societal and time-conditioned image. In The Fire-Dwellers,1 in Stacey MacAindra, the only protagonist in Laurence's Manawaka novels enacting the traditional role, Laurence creates a remarkable portrait of the life of a middle-aged mother-of-four with all its horrors, its impossibilities — and its absolute centrality to feminine experience. A sensitive and challenging definition of the maternal emerges that renews the concept for modern times and yet links it with the biblical woman whose children rise up and call her blessed. Laurence's focus encompasses not only an external, forceful and easily recognised social reality, but also a rich and sensitive internal perspective that often corresponds to and illuminates work done by Eric Neumann, Joseph Campbell and other followers of Carl Jung in the study of archetypes.

Topic: Short Stories in Global Literature
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization and Application of Nigerian Clay Raw Resources for Porcelain Formulation and Manufacture

Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating refined minerals (clay) in the form of kaolinite to high temperature in a kiln at temperatures between 1200 °C – 1400 °C thus converting ceramic body irreversibly to hard product, impermeable to water and chemicals. The use of three minerals (kaolin, feldspar and sand) from Nigeria in the formulation and production of porcelain has been investigated in this study, with kaolin bond in the formulation intended to increase the thermal strength of the product. Characterization results showed that the clay contains kaolinite (58%), quartz (15%), rutile (0.5%) and illite (15%). Sample was formulated and shaped by casting into molds and sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200 °C – 1300 °C. Characterization of porcelain specimen sintered at 1250oC showed interesting results: a density ranging from 2.16- 2.25g/cm3 ; open porosity of less than 1.03%; flexural strength above 50MPa and water absorption below 0.5%.

Topic: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crystalline Sodium Selenocarboxylates – synthesis and characterization

Abstract A series of sodium selenocarboxylates 2 were isolated from the reaction of diacyl selenides with sodium ethanolate and characterized. A convenient preparation of the sodium salts 2 by the direct reaction of acyl chlorides with sodium selenide was also established. The salts are colourless to slightly pale yellow crystals and labile towards moisture. They readily react with alkyl iodides at room temperature to give the corresponding Se‐alkyl esters 3 .

Topic: Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Unboxing the bentobox: An arts-informed inquiry into Japanese families’ experience at school lunchtime in Canada

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bento,&lt;/em&gt; a Japanese style boxed lunch, has a distinct cultural meaning for Japanese people as a medium of affective communication between children and parents. However, in Canadian schools governed by the Anglo-Western food norms, their culinary practices may stand out. This study employed an arts-informed participatory design to explore how school-aged children (6-12 years old) of Japanese origin and their parents describe their experience bringing Japanese food to school in Canada. We conducted arts-informed workshops with 16 children who created artworks about their lunchboxes, and focus groups with 19 parents (all mothers). Children’s artworks illuminated a common aesthetics about “good” lunch that closely reflected mothers’ commitment to preparing nutritionally balanced and aesthetically appealing &lt;em&gt;bento&lt;/em&gt; boxes. Both children and mothers reported that Canadian school food environment (e.g., short eating periods, snack times, built environment) sometimes misaligns with their food practices. Some families were compelled to modify their &lt;em&gt;bento&lt;/em&gt; to accommodate children’s needs to fit in at school. Meantime, participants’ narratives indicate the prevalence of stigma toward “junk” food that may perpetuate food shaming at school. A more inclusive, diverse and culturally appropriate discussion on “healthy eating” at school can embrace children’s and their families’ intercultural food identities.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular markers for personalized treatment of melanoma patients

Od 2011. godine kada su odobreni lijekovi vemurafenib i ipilimumab do danas doslo je do znacajnog pomaka u lijecenju bolesnika s metastatskim melanomom zahvaljujuci primjeni lijekova s molekularno usmjerenim mehanizmima djelovanja. Primjena tih lijekova primjer je personalizirane medicine gdje se lijecenje temelji na analizi molekulskih biljega. Tako je određivanje mutacija gena BRAF u bolesnika s melanomom, kao nužan dijagnosticki postupak za odluku o lijecenju inhibitorima BRAF kinaze, jedan od jos uvijek ne tako brojnih molekulskih biljega koji su postali nezaobilazni dio rutinske skrbi o bolesnicima s rakom. Uz mutacije gena BRAF, kao biljezi za personalizirano lijecenje bolesnika s melanomom određuju se i mutacije gena KIT i NRAS.

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical Consequences of New Insights in the Pathophysiology of Disorders of Iron and Heme Metabolism

This review examines the clinical consequences for the practicing hematologist of remarkable new insights into the pathophysiology of disorders of iron and heme metabolism. The familiar proteins of iron transport and storage—transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin—have recently been joined by a host of newly identified proteins that play critical roles in the molecular management of iron homeostasis. These include the iron-regulatory proteins (IRP-1 and-2), HFE (the product of the HFE gene that is mutated in most patients with hereditary hemochromatosis), the divalent metal transporter (DMT1), transferrin receptor 2, ceruloplasmin, hephaestin, the “Stimulator of Fe Transport ” (SFT), frataxin, ferroportin1 and others. The growing

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences