jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.</i> on sperm parameters, oxidative injury and apoptotic changes in oxymetholone‐induced testicular toxicity in mouse

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) such as oxymetholone (OM) used for athletic enhancement, but increased free radicals damage and changes in hormonal levels, lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. Vaccinium arctostaphylos(V. arctostaphylos( has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of present study was to investigate V. arctostaphylos effect on OM-induced oxidative injury in mouse testis and sperm parameters. In this experimental study, 30 BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, including healthy, positive control(5 mg/kg OM) and three treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of V. arctostaphylos extract + 5 mg/kg OM). At the end of the study, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were measured. Testis stereological and sperm parameters were calculated. Antioxidant status was measured using nitric oxide (NO) and FRAP assay, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, the expression of p53, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 was measured. V. arctostaphylos decreased the serum level of testosterone, increased the LH and FSH, and improved the stereological and sperm parameters and down-regulated the p53, caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, this dose decreased serum levels of NO and increased testis FRAP and MDA levels in treated groups compared with OM group. V. arctostaphylos extract has protective effects against testicular toxicity caused by OM.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prediction of carboxyhemoglobin formation due to transient exposure to carbon monoxide

Fifteen men were exposed to 6,683 ppm C18O for 3.09–6.65 min. Arterial and antecubital vein blood samples were drawn at 1-min intervals beginning at the start of C18O inhalation and ending 10 min later. Simultaneously, alveolar ventilation was calculated from the measured values of minute ventilation and dead space. All other parameters of the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (CFKE), except the Haldane affinity ratio, were measured separately in each subject. Means of CFKE predictions of increases in venous HbCO (delta HbCO) in samples collected approximately 2 min after cessation of exposure were accurate, but the range in errors of prediction for individual subjects was +/- 3.8% HbCO, depending on the time after exposure cessation. Increases in venous and arterial HbCO were inaccurately predicted during and immediately after HbCO formation, however. Venous blood was overestimated during CO uptake because of a delayed appearance of HbCO. Individual subjects differed markedly in the degree of delay of HbCO appearance in venous blood. Arterial delta HbCO was consistently underestimated either by the CFKE or by predictions based on venous blood samples. Thus, exposure of such organs as brain or heart to HbCO may be substantially higher than expected during transient high-level CO exposure.

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms in African and Afrodiasporic Literatures

In Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms in African and Afrodiasporic Literatures, Anna-Leena Toivanen explores the representations and relationship of mobilities and cosmopolitanisms in Franco- and Anglophone African and Afrodiasporic literary texts from the 1990s to the 2010s. Representations of mobility practices are discussed against three categories of cosmopolitanism reflecting the privileged, pragmatic, and critical aspects of the concept. The main scientific contribution of Toivanen’s book is its attempt to enhance dialogue between postcolonial literary studies and mobilities research. The book criticises reductive understandings of ‘mobility’ as a synonym for migration, and problematises frequently made links between mobility and cosmopolitanism. Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms adopts a comparative approach to Franco- and Anglophone African and Afrodiasporic literatures, often discussed separately despite their common themes and parallel paths.

Topic: Caribbean and African Literature and Culture
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
2D and 3D Segmentation of uncertain local collagen fiber orientations in SHG microscopy

<strong>General</strong> This dataset consists out of multiple Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy scans of collagen fibers in mice bones. Some mices are diseased with osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone). We used this data to investigate the segmentation of uncertain local collagen fiber orientations. The corresponding paper "2D and 3D Segmentation of uncertain local collagen fiber orientations in SHG microscopy" is accepted at GCPR 2019. <strong>Abstract</strong> Collagen fiber orientations in bones, visible with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, represent the inner structure and its alteration due to influences like cancer. While analyses of these orientations are valuable for medical research, it is not feasible to analyze the needed large amounts of local orientations manually. Since we have uncertain borders for these local orientations only rough regions can be segmented instead of a pixel-wise segmentation. We analyze the effect of these uncertain borders on human performance by a user study. Furthermore, we compare a variety of 2D and 3D methods such as classical approaches like Fourier analysis with state-of-the-art deep neural networks for the classification of local fiber orientations. We present a general way to use pretrained 2D weights in 3D neural networks, such as Inception-ResNet-3D a 3D extension of Inception-ResNet-v2. In a 10 fold cross-validation our two stage segmentation based on Inception-ResNet-3D and transferred 2D ImageNet weights achieves a human comparable accuracy. <strong>Links</strong> A preprint of the paper is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.12868. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33676-9_26 The source code is available at https://github.com/Emprime/uncertain-fiber-segmentation. <strong>Data description</strong> Please read the accompanying paper for more information about the dataset. Please see the source code for more information about the usage of the data. shg-ce-de: contains the enhanced and denoised scans as image slices, the scans are sorted by mice (wt wildtyp, het ill mice), scan location and individual scan shg-masks: contains the ground truth masks for the three different classes (similar - Green, dissimilar - Red, not of interest - blue) shg-featues: contains the input and gt for the second stage of the proposed two stage segmentation shg-cross-splits: contains the 10 random splits for the 10 fold cross validation logs-prediction: contains the 10 tensorboard logs, weights and predictions for the 10 fold cross validations

Topic: Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Saturation of Rod Receptors

Abstract If it is assumed that the excitable tissue immediately associated with a rod receptor may generate impulses when light quanta are absorbed, then it follows that there is an upper limit to the number of impulses generated by each rod of ∼1/τ, where τ is the refractory period of the excitable tissue. Two possible modes of excitation are investigated. In the first, analogous to a Geiger counter of dead time τ, it is assumed that quanta absorbed during the refractory period delay recovery for a further time τ and this leads to a situation in which an increase in stimulus reduces the output of the rod beyond saturation. In the second, where the dead time is not prolonged by absorption during the refractory period, the output approaches asymptotically to the limit of 1/ τ as the stimulus is increased. Psychophysical increment threshold curves cannot distinguish between the two models but it is shown that ERG results in monkey and man can be fitted using the invariant refractory period model if equilibrium bleaching is taken into account.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
New Results From Gerda Phase Ii

The observation of neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay would establish both the violation of lepton number conservation and the Majorana nature of the neutrino, as well as constrain the neutrinomass hierarchy and scale. GERDA reached an important milestone in the search for 0νββ decay with ⁷⁶Ge by achieving a half-life sensitivity of 10²⁶ years. This is made possible by the background-free conditions in GERDA and by a factor of two increase in exposure since the last data release in 2017. New results will be presented together with the details of background reduction techniques.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
www.nmr.viamedica.pl

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to investigate and assess patients with severe, coronarographically document-ed coronary artery disease (CAD), previous myocardial infarc-tion and left ventricular dysfunction, using radionuclide method for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and ni-trate administration for detection of viable myocardium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated 56 patients (37 male, 19 female, mean age 58 – 8 years) with CAD and previ-ous myocardial infarction, mean EF 38 % – 12; divided into 2 groups: Group I 28 patients, investigated at rest, i.v. inject-ed 370 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, scintigraphy performed at 30 min and 4th hour; Group II 28 patients, investigated at rest, i.v. inject-ed 370 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, scintigraphy performed at 30 min, im-mediately after that administration of 20 mg Isosorbitdinitrate Increased redistribution of 99mTc-MIBI under the action of nitrate administration a good tool for detection of myocardial vitality in patients with severe CAD

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pledge for a Transformative Science - A Conceptual Framework

"Transformative science" is a concept that delineates the new role of science for knowledge societies in the age of reflexive modernity. The paper develops the program of a transformative science, which goes beyond observing and analyzing societal transformations, but rather takes an active role in initiating and catalyzing change processes. The aim of transformative science is to achieve a deeper understanding of ongoing transformations and increased societal capacity for reflexivity with regard to these fundamental change processes. The concept of transformative science is grounded in an experimental paradigm, which has implications for (1) research, (2) education and learning, and (3) institutional structures and change in the science system. The article develops the theoretical foundations of the concept of transformative science and spells out the concrete implications in these three dimensions.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Latest improvements for spatial sound reinforcement: Configuration's automation, remote configuration using mobile devices, and object based room simulation

Fraunhofer IDMT presented in 2005 a sound reinforcement system based on the precedence effect which could recreate the natural spatial impression of static and dynamic sources on the stage regardless of the position of the listeners. Based on the experience learnt over the last years, this paper presents three different developments for this system. These improvements are related to the automatic determination of the configuration parameters, the multiuser adjustment of fine parameters on the tribune using portable devices and a new room simulation approach which takes into consideration both source and listener's dependencies.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Discontinuation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from initial ART regimens because of renal adverse events: An analysis of data from four multi-country clinical trials

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a potent and commonly used antiretroviral drug, is associated with renal tubular dysfunction and renal adverse events. We evaluated the frequency of, time to, and baseline risk factors for discontinuing TDF from initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens because of renal adverse events from presumed tenofovir renal toxicity. We conducted an observational cohort study as a secondary analysis of data from four clinical trials conducted mainly in low- and middle-income countries. We included ART naïve participants living with HIV who started TDF-containing ART regimens in the trials. Participants had to have estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) equal to or greater than 60ml/min before starting ART. The primary outcome was the first instance of discontinuing TDF because of renal adverse events attributed to tenofovir renal toxicity during the first 48 weeks after starting ART. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of discontinuing TDF and associated risk factors using Fine and Gray competing risk regression models with a backward elimination variable selection strategy. There were 2802 ART-naïve participants who started TDF-containing ART from the four clinical trials were included in the analysis. Fifty-eight percent were female, the median age was 34 years, and 87% had CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/μl. Sixty-four participants (2.4%, 95% CI 1.7%-2.8%) discontinued TDF due to renal adverse events. Among the 64 participants, the median time to discontinue TDF was 9.4 weeks (IQR: 3.4–20.7 weeks). From multivariable Fine and Gray regression models, risk factors for discontinuing TDF were older age, CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl, presence and severity of anemia, and eCrCl <90 ml/min. The risk of discontinuing TDF because of renal adverse events was low in participants initiating TDF-containing ART with advanced HIV and normal renal function, attesting to the tolerability of TDF in ART in low- and middle-income countries.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Irreversible investment, real options and competition : evidence from real estate development

We examine 1,214 condominium developments in Vancouver, Canada between 1979-1998 to identify the extent to which uncertainty delays investment. We find that increases in both idiosyncratic and systematic risk lead developers to delay new real estate investments. Empirically, a one-standard deviation increase in the return volatility reduces the hazard rate of investment by 13 percent, equivalent to a 9 percent decline in real prices. Increases in the number of potential competitors located near a project negates the negative relationship between idiosyncratic risk and development. These results support the argument that competition erodes option values and provide clear evidence for the real options model of investment under uncertainty over alternatives such as simple risk aversion.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Applying Simulation to Interative Manufacturing Cell Design

Launching a manufacturing cell to be efficient and lean, yet profitable, is a time-consuming process and is often based on many assumptions. The utilization of simulation models to help design the cell and the logistical structure to support it can expedite and streamline the development process. Assumptions and designs can be validated to help insure effective operations as soon as possible. We have developed a generic simulation model and associated capacity analysis, schedule planning, and target inventory setting software to support the computer based assessment of the operation of cells typical to the plastic manufacturing industry before capital investments are finalized. Model input describes a particular cell, the products it produces, and customer demand for these products. Results show the customer service level, product inventory levels, equipment utilization, and the daily production schedule. Spreadsheet software supports data entry and report examination. All software is integrated in a single simulation environment.

Topic: Operations Management Techniques
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SMYD3 promotes colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) progression by mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a type of common malignant tumor originating in the digestive tract. Recently, targeted therapy has had significant effects on the treatment of COAD. However, more effective molecular targets need to be developed. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a type of methyltransferase which methylates histone and non-histone proteins. The effects of SMYD3 on cancer progression and metastasis have been widely revealed. However, its possible role in COAD remains unclear. The current study demonstrated that SMYD3 expression was upregulated in human COAD tissues via analyzing the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the immunohistochemical assays. Furthermore, the expression of SMYD3 was correlated with prognosis and tumor stage (P=0.038) in patients with COAD. Colony formation, MTT, FCM assays and animal assays indicated SMYD3 affected the proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle of COAD cells <i>in vitro</i> and promoted tumor growth in mice <i>in vivo</i>. In summary, the results demonstrated the effects of SMYD3 on COAD progression and we hypothesized that SMYD3 is a novel molecular target for COAD treatment.

Topic: Cancer-related gene regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Patrones histológicos de las enfermedades inflamatorias de la piel (Parte II)

Dermatopathology is one of the most valuable diagnoses in skin disease in all animal species. Pattern analysis method in histopathology reading has revolutionized dermatohistopathology and has permitted a better approach to the final diagnosis of dermathopaties. There are nine basic histological patterns: superficial perivascular dermatitis, superficial and deep perivascular dermatitis, nodular and diffuse dermatitis, intraepidermal vesicular and pustule dermatitis, subepidermal vesicular and pustule dermatitis, perifolliculitis, folicullitis and furunculosis, fibrosing dermatitis, vasculitis and panniculitis. These patterns create a list of differential diagnosis, which easily lead to the final diagnosis. It is important that clinicians and pathologists know and work together in the use of these patterns.

Topic: Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Commons, co-ops, and corporations: assembling Indonesia’s twenty-first century land reform

Twentieth century land reform centred on landlords, tillers, and a revolutionary or reform-producing state. The twenty-first century version involves a wider array of actors and diverse agendas including good governance and the mitigation of climate change. Commons, co-ops and corporations figure large in the twenty-first assemblage where they enable different parties to align around a progressive neoliberal platform that sets insurrectionary demands aside to focus on what seems plausible and fundable within existing constraints. Focusing on Indonesia where land reform recommenced circa 2016, I consider both the elements that comprise the land reform assemblage and the elements excluded from it.

Topic: Land Rights and Reforms
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparation of N′<sub>4</sub>‐[<sup>11</sup>C]methyl‐ciprofloxacin for positron emission tomography studies

Abstract The synthesis of N′ 4 ‐[ 11 C]methyl‐ciprofloxacin for pharmacological studies using positron emission tomography is described. The starting material was treated with [ 11 C]methyl iodide at 120°C in DMF for 5 min. After HPLC separation on a C 18 ‐column with water/ethanol as mobile phase, the [ 11 C]methyl labelled compound was produced with a radiochemical yield of at least 25% (end of synthesis from [ 11 C]CO 2 ). Activities from 1.48 to 2.22 GBq (40 to 60 mCi) were obtained 1 h after the irradiation, ready for intravenous injection. The carrier ranged between 0.05 and 0.08 μmol (0.010–0.016 μmol/ml). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MUMPS ORCHITIS IN THE WORLD WARS

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008MUMPS ORCHITIS IN THE WORLD WARS William P Conners William P ConnersWilliam P Conners More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60910-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MUMPS ORCHITIS IN THE WORLD WARS." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 311 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 311 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information William P Conners More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Public Universal Friend: Jemima Wilkinson and Religious Enthusiasm in Revolutionary America

Historians have long acknowledged the significance of the two Great Awakenings in shaping the United States' religious and cultural landscape. Paul B. Moyer, however, calls attention to the period in between. He adds to a growing body of studies that challenge the view of the American Revolution as “a spiritual valley between two peaks of religious revivalism” by offering a compelling new microhistory of an important figure in early American religious history—the Public Universal Friend (pp. 5–6). The Universal Friend was in some ways a combination of William Miller and Mother Ann Lee. A prophet who challenged gender conventions of the time, the Friend allegedly emerged in 1776 to reanimate the lifeless corpse of a twenty-three-year-old Quaker named Jemima Wilkinson, who had died after a long illness. After assuming the identity of the Friend, Wilkinson began dressing, acting, and self-identifying as a man. The masculine persona then developed a following and eventually founded a couple of settlements in western New York, where his followers could pursue a spiritual life that combined Quaker ideals with New Light revivalism. Despite the prophet's noble intentions, the congregation fell apart due to factionalism and greed over the highly profitable land they had purchased collectively but divided into private holdings.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences