jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Realization of non-linear coherent states by photonic lattices

In this paper, first, by introducing Holstein-Primakoff representation of α-deformed algebra, we achieve the associated non-linear coherent states, including su(2) and su(1, 1) coherent states. Second, by using waveguide lattices with specific coupling coefficients between neighbouring channels, we generate these non-linear coherent states. In the case of positive values of α, we indicate that the Hilbert size space is finite; therefore, we construct this coherent state with finite channels of waveguide lattices. Finally, we study the field distribution behaviours of these coherent states, by using Mandel Q parameter.

Topic: Nonlinear Photonic Systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vulnerability among older people ageing with deafblindness

Summary Vulnerability is an underexamined concept in social work. Scholarly activity principally concentrates on policy analysis and theoretical debate; less attention is given to lived experience of vulnerability from the perspectives of particular groups, impoverishing understanding of the phenomenon. This article presents findings from the first United Kingdom-based study of the lived experience of vulnerability from the perspectives of older deafblind adults. Adopting a qualitative design, data were collected via 18 semistructured interviews with eight participants (aged between 49 and 83), undertaken between October 2014 and July 2016. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Participants interpret vulnerability as layered, describing what they feel vulnerable about, what they feel vulnerable to, and when they feel vulnerable. The latter layer is predominant: vulnerability experiences are time-limited, and situation and setting specific. Situational and pathogenic sources of vulnerability include the responses of other people, particularly the experience of being misunderstood or perceived as incapable. The layers of vulnerability are not discrete: they can be combined and avoidance of one vulnerability can exacerbate another. Applications Findings strengthen arguments against categorizing particular groups, including deafblind people, as permanently and immutably vulnerable. Such categorization, focused solely on impairment, provides an inadequate understanding of experience. Policymakers should consider adopting a layered approach to defining vulnerability. Assessment of these layers and how they interact may offer social workers an enhanced understanding of deafblind people's experiences and assist in determining what matters to them. Assessment should explore coping strategies, and assumptions of incapability based on impairment be rejected.

Topic: Elder Abuse and Neglect
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-uniform Entropy Compression for Uniform Energy Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently there has been an influx of work on extending a wireless sensor networks lifetime by distributing source compression and deploying non-homogeneous nodes to handle the aggregation. Both of these mechanisms have been shown to increase the network's lifetime, but they each have requirements that might not be plausible. With distributed source compression, message distributions must be known a-priori, and the existing practical schemes tend to require modification of a layer in the network stack. In non-homogeneous node deployment, placement of more powerful nodes is a major factor in balancing network energy, but many scenarios exist where this is not reasonable. We propose non-uniform entropy compression wherein bottleneck nodes trade computation energy for transmission energy and do more aggressive compression, which induces a synthetic nonhomogeneity across a network built from physically identical nodes and extends network lifetime. Our method inserts a compression layer between medium access control (MAC) and the routing layers without modifying existing network layers, thus providing a general platform for message compression. We performed extensive simulations to show how our architecture affects network energy and delay considering message size, queue size, compression ratio and time, and network topology. Our simulations show that a computationally inexpensive and effective compression algorithm (with high compression ratio) that takes less than 0.2 s/ kbytes time (including both compression and decompression time) to execute will help extend network lifetime for most motes; for some motes (such as Mica2 and Rene2) 1 s/kbytes or more will work also. This supports our theory that synthetic-non-homogeneity is a viable and practical method for extending wireless sensor networks(WSNs) lifetime.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The <i>Pristine</i> survey – XVIII. C-19: tidal debris of a dark matter-dominated globular cluster?

ABSTRACT The recently discovered C-19 stellar stream is a collection of kinematically associated metal-poor stars in the halo of the Milky Way lacking an obvious progenitor. The stream spans across an arc of ∼15° in the sky, and orbit-fitting suggests an apocentric distance of ${\sim} 20\, \mathrm{kpc}$ and a pericentre of ${\sim} 10\, \mathrm{kpc}$. The narrow metallicity dispersion of stars with available spectra, together with light element abundance variations, suggests a globular cluster (GC) origin. The observed metallicity ([Fe/H] ≈ −3.4), however, is much lower than that of any known GC. In addition, the width and velocity dispersion of the stream are similar to those expected from disrupting dwarf galaxies, and substantially larger than the tidal debris of GCs able to disrupt on C-19’s orbit. We propose here an unconventional model where the C-19 progenitor is a dark matter-dominated stellar system with GC-like abundance patterns. We use N-body simulations to show that the tidal disruption of a ∼100 pc King-model stellar component embedded in a ∼20 km s−1 cuspy cold dark matter halo yields debris consistent with C-19’s observed width and velocity dispersion. The stellar component of the progenitor is fully disrupted, and is spread over two distinct streams, one corresponding to C-19 and another possibly hiding behind the Galactic plane. If such companion stream were found, it would suggest that dark matter-dominated dwarfs may also develop GC-like enrichment patterns, a finding that would inform our theoretical understanding of the formation of multiple populations in GCs and dwarf galaxies alike.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Education Quality Improvement Via Creating and Introducing Modern Tools of Interactive Teaching

The problem of improving quality of higher education arose long ago. Many higher education institutions have been working at this issue since last century, developing innovative ways to improve quality of education. Since today’s approaches and spheres of assessment are different, the solution to the problem is rather complicated. After Russia’s joining the Bologna process, quality of higher education became rather a pointed question. Participation in the process does not imply obligatory standardization of higher education, but it shows intention to compare higher education in different countries. Comparability of educational systems is based both on actions linked to changes of higher education structure (introduction of twolevel education, credit system, etc.) and measures defining education quality (quality control, using new education standards, introducing innovative methods of students’ preparation and Learning Management System). This article considers the way to improve higher education quality via innovative teaching methods. Besides, the article introduces an overview of active and interactive teaching methods, integrative teaching approaches, examples of their implementation when teaching business subjects, and some statistics of using the methods described.

Topic: Educational Methods and Teacher Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Volume phase transition mechanism of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] based thermo-responsive microgels with poly(ionic liquid) cross-linkers

Thermodynamic volume phase transition mechanisms of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] (POEGMA) microgels with poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) cross-linking moieties were investigated in detail on the basis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Topic: Ionic liquids properties and applications
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Instument deployment data of field activity G-1-09-PS in Liberty Bay, Kitsap County, WA from 02/13/2009 to 03/09/2009

United States Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center. Chief Scientist: Renee Takesue. Instument deployment data of field activity G-1-09-PS in Liberty Bay, Kitsap County, WA from 02/13/2009 to 03/09/2009, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/g/g109ps/html/g-1-09-ps.meta.html.

Topic: Scientific Research and Discoveries
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-Spectral Widefield Microscopy of the Beating Heart Through Post-Acquisition Synchronization and Unmixing

Multi-spectral imaging allows distinguishing biological structures. For cardiac microscopy, available devices are either too slow or require illumination intensities that are detrimental to the sample. We present a method for spectral super-resolution imaging of samples whose motion is quasi-periodic by sequentially acquiring movies in wavelength ranges with filters of overlapping bands. Following an initial calibration procedure, we synchronize and unmix the movies to produce multi-spectral sequences. We characterized our approach to retrieve the transmittance of a colored microscopic target whose motion we controlled, observing measurements within of 10% that of a reference spectrometer. We further illustrate our approach to observe the beating embryonic zebrafish heart, demonstrating new possibilities for studying its development

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD EUVLong #75652.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phenyl thiazyl compounds: Synthesis and electrical conductivity

Abstract A series of substituted phenylene‐dithio‐bis(phenyldithiazyl) (PDBPD) and phenylthiophenyldithiazyl (PTPD) compounds have been synthesized utilizing the facile reaction between N ‐trimethyl silylimides and aromatic sulfenyl chlorides. The compounds are insulators with conductivities of 10 −8 –10 −12 (Ω cm) −1 . However, they can be oxidized with Br 2 to conductivities of 10 −3 –10 −5 (Ω cm) −1 for pressed pellets. Electron donating and withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring markedly alter the electrical transport properties. While PTPD compounds are soluble in many solvents, the PDBPD derivatives are only sparingly soluble.

Topic: Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alignment strategic in project-based businesses: a review of the literature

Objective: This literature review sought to understand the theoretical-empirical connections of strategic alignment in project-based businessesMethodology: We carried out a systematic review with searches in scientific databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and application of technical snowballing with the intention of finding the most relevant works on the topic. The strings adopted were based on the keywords: project-based businesses and strategy. Filters related to the research area, the document types and the language were applied. The selected articles were analyzed following the steps: removal of duplicates, reading of titles, abstracts and quality assessment. After these steps, 20 papers were analyzed in a descriptive and exploratory way using VOSviewer, Biblioshiny and MS Excel software.Originality: The paper filled a gap concerning strategic alignment in the context of project-based business, which is an emerging concept that is little debated in the literature.Main results: The results showed a mutual influence between strategy alignment and project management. It was found that the first helps organizations to focus on correct projects, while project management helps achieves their strategic objectives. Four research focuses related to the strategic alignment in the PBB were also published in the literature: project management and organizational strategy; interaction between actors in the formation of strategies; program, portfolio and governance management; project management office and organizational design.Contributions: The contribution consists of presenting a set of propositions that systematize the findings of the papers and elucidate ways for the formation of a research agenda.

Topic: Business and Management Studies
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Therapeutic Benefits from Targeting of ADAM Family Members

Members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family of proteolytic enzymes are implicated in the processing of many single transmembrane-bound proteins ranging from cell surface receptors to growth factors and cytokines. Because of the biological significance of these processing events, a recurring theme in studying ADAM biology is that they are involved in physiological processes that can go awry and lead to disease states. This review provides a comprehensive look at ADAM family members and their role in pathology and provides a pathway for determining whether an enzyme is a physiological convertase for a given protein. In addition, ADAMs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets.

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Soybean yield physiology: principles and processes of yield production.

<title>Abstract</title> The yield production process in soyabean, highlighting the processes and characteristics of the plant that play important roles in determining yield are discuused. It includes leaf area and interception of solar radiation, canopy photosynthesis, flowering profiles, fruit number, seed growth rate, leaf senescence, seed-fill duration, seed number, source-sink limitations, and partitioning.

Topic: Soybean genetics and cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Models of development: finding relevance for Africa in China's experience of development

This chapter discusses the value of China as a source of models of development relevant to Africa. In addition to benefits of direct investment and trade engagement between China and key African economies, China's own appraoch to the problems of rapid growth and development should be of interest. Despite obvious and significant differences, the Chinese pattern of modernization and the problems it has uncovered offer lessons of potential value to African decision makers.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Suspensions of Bernoulli shifts

We show that for a given finitely generated group, its Bernoulli shift space can be equivariantly embedded as a subset of a space of pointed trees with Gromov-Hausdorff metric and natural partial action of a free group. Since the latter can be realised as a transverse space of a foliated space with leaves Riemannian manifolds, this embedding allows us to obtain a suspension of such Bernoulli shift. By a similar argument we show that the space of pointed trees is universal for compactly generated expansive pseudogroups of transformations.

Topic: Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crisis intervention in Finland

ABSTRACT A crisis intervention model has evolved in Finland consisting of teams of social workers and psychiatric nurses based in major urban developments, forming a national network. This article looks specifically at the 24-hour service provided by the Crisis Centre in the city of Vantaa, focusing on the work done there with those bereaved by disasters. The Centre's team offers a wide variety of immediate psychosocial and practical support for victims, including debriefing, assessment, referrals and liaison with the police and other local health, welfare and crisis organisations. It also supports survivors in viewing the bodies of those who have died and in planning funerals.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis treated with combined minimally invasive posterior and mini-open anterior approach: Functional outcome analysis

Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinico-radiological outcome in single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis treated with single-stage combined percutaneous posterior stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion under single anesthesia. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis who presented to our institute from January 2010 to August 2015. All the patients underwent preoperative evaluation with blood parameters including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, blood and urine cultures, and imaging studies. They underwent single-stage combined posterior percutaneous stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion with tricortical iliac crest graft under the same anesthesia. They were followed up at regular intervals with clinical and radiological assessment with minimum follow-up of 24 months. Preoperative and postoperative final follow-up assessments of neurological status, pain, and disability were conducted using the Frankel Grade scoring, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Results: This study included 10 women and 17 men (n = 27) with average age of 57 years (range: 45–73 years). The mean operative time was 194min (range: 150–230min). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 212mL (range: 100–350mL). The mean VAS score (0.56) at final follow-up was significantly lower than the mean preoperative VAS score (7.30) with P < 0.001. The ODI scores at final follow-up (mean, 13.48) were significantly lower than preoperative ODI scores (mean, 83.70) with P < 0.001. Conclusion: Single-stage combined posterior percutaneous stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion under one anesthesia is an effective alternative to conventional open technique as it allows thorough debridement and rigid fixation, and results in minimal blood loss and lesser postoperative complications.

Topic: Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Method of Concentration Waves and Chemical Ordering

An ordered structure can be described as a static concentration wave, which varies from site to site on a crystal. Crests denote B-atoms and troughs denote the A-atoms, for example. A solid solution has zero amplitude of the concentration wave, so the amplitude of the concentration wave, η, serves as a long-range order parameter. With concentration waves, the free energy is transformed from real space to k-space. The concentration waves accommodate the symmetry of the ordered structure, and how it differs from the high temperature solid solution. A subtle analysis by Landau and Lifshitz shows that if a second-order phase transition is possible (i.e., the ordered structure evolves from the disordered with infinitesimal amplitude at the critical temperature), the translational symmetry of the free energy sets an elegant condition for the wavevectors of the ordered structure. Chapter 18 ends with a more general formulation of the free energy in terms of static concentration waves, which is an important example of how Fourier transform methods can treat long-range interactions in materials thermodynamics.

Topic: nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
UTILISATION OF BONE ALLOGRAFT BY ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS IN SCOTLAND

The Use of bone allograft in orthopaedic Surgery has been predicted to increase particularly in joint revision surgery. This has led to a potential problem with supply. Questionnaires were distributed to all 146 Consultant orthopaedic Surgeons working in Scotland in 2000. They were asked to indicate their current usage of bone and tissue allograft, any problems encountered with supply and if alternatives to allograft such as processed bone, might be used. The questions asked were very similar to those asked in a survey by the author (GG) in 1995 to enable comparisons to be made. 74% of all bone issued by the SNBTS in 2000 –2001 was used in revision hip arthroplasy. This compares with only 66% of bone issued in 1998–1999. Replies were received from 125 consultants (87%) of whom 93 reported using bone allograft. 41 consultants (46%) predicted an increase in their requirement for bone allograft, and 23 (26%) felt they could currently use more bone if this became available. Sixty percent of Surgeons would consider using processed bone as an alternative. In comparison with figures from a previous study in 1995, an increasing number of surgeons are prepared to use processed bone as an alternative to fresh frozen allograft. As the number of revision THR’ s continues to increase the amount of bone required is likely to continue to increase. The need to increase efficiency in harvest and supply of bone is therefore great. The use of more SNBTS nurses in selection of patients and collection of bone may increase efficiency. More surgeons may have to use processed bone, which would allow more bone to be released. Also processing may help reduce transmission of infective particles such as HIV and new variant CJD. With rising public and medical concerns over these issues this seems most desirable.

Topic: Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences