jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pathological studies on spontaneous urinary bladder lesions in Indian buffaloes

The present investigation describes the spontaneous pathological lesions in urinary bladders (n = 177) of slaughtered buffaloes collected from Northern India. Gross examination revealed congestion, haemorrhages, oedematous changes and thickening of mucosa. Microscopically, epithelial abnormalities, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions were noticed. Epithelial abnormalities included epithelial hyperplasia, von Brunn’s nests, cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis. Inflammatory conditions such as congestion, haemorrhages and cystitis were noticed. Cystitis was classified as lymphocytic, plasmo-lymphocytic, follicular and interstitial types. However, only single case of haemangiosarcoma was observed. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of DNA of only BPV-1 in one sample out of 21, while one sample showed the presence of DNA of both BPV-1 and BPV-2. On immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 expression was observed only in haemangiosarcoma and one case of plasmo-lymphocytic cystitis with immunostaining restricted to nuclei. COX-2 immunostaining was observed in one case each of flat hyperplasia, von Brunn’s nest, haemangiosarcoma and two cases of plasmo-lymphocytic cystitis. Among epithelial abnormalities, COX-2 immunostaining was restricted to epithelial component of the lesions, and it was diffused cytoplasmic type with occasional perinuclear staining particularly in the cytoplasmic membrane. However, in haemangiosarcoma the COX-2 immunoreactivity was noticed in epithelial as well as connective tissue stroma. In conclusion, it may be stated that urinary bladders of slaughtered buffaloes showed a number of epithelial abnormalities, inflammatory conditions and occasionally neoplasms. Further studies to explore the infectious as well as non-infectious etiologies should be undertaken.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Active matrix factorization for surveys

Amid historically low response rates, survey researchers seek ways to reduce respondent burden while measuring desired concepts with precision. We propose to ask fewer questions of respondents and impute missing responses via probabilistic matrix factorization. A variance-minimizing active learning criterion chooses the most informative questions per respondent. In simulations of our matrix sampling procedure on real-world surveys as well as a Facebook survey experiment, we find active question selection achieves efficiency gains over baselines. The reduction in imputation error is heterogeneous across questions and depends on the latent concepts they capture. Modeling responses with the ordered logit likelihood improves imputations and yields an adaptive question order. We find for the Facebook survey that potential biases from order effects are likely to be small. With our method, survey researchers obtain principled suggestions of questions to retain and, if desired, can automate the design of shorter instruments.

Topic: Expert finding and Q&A systems
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Filling the Criminal Liability Gap for Private Military Contractors Abroad: U.S. v. Slough and the Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2010

To ensure that all contractors who commit crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan can be prosecuted effectively in the United States, Congress must pass legislation to update Federal criminal law and fill the gaps that may leave certain types of contractors free from any criminal liability. The Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2010 (CEJA) attempts to do just that, and while it may deter some PMCs from participating in the U.S. military and security contracting market, the benefits of having a fully accountable U.S. legal system outweigh the drawbacks for individual contracting companies.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Alteration of Neuroma Formation by Manipulation of Its Microenvironment

Mackinnon, Susan E. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C); Dellon, A. Lee M.D.; Hudson, Alan R. M.B., F.R.C.S.(C); Hunter, Daniel A. R.T.

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Role of Kisspeptin in Puberty in Humans

Kisspeptin or GPR-54 is a product of KISS 1 gene regulating the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing (LH) as well follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Both LH and FSH are important hormones for reproduction in animals as well in humans. The recognition of Kisspeptin has a landmark bearing in reproductive biology. Few recent pilot studies have convincingly proven it to be a promising molecule in treating infertile couples especially those having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism not responding to conventional treatment.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regional Variation in Jespersen’s Cycle in Early Middle English

Abstract In this paper we investigate the place of origin of the change from Jespersen’s Cycle stage II – bipartite ne + not – to stage III, not alone. We use the LAEME corpus to investigate the dialectal distribution in more detail, finding that the change must have begun in Northern and Eastern England. A strong effect of region and time period can be clearly observed, with certain linguistic factors also playing a role. We attribute the early onset of the change to contact with Scandinavian: North Germanic is known to have undergone Jespersen’s Cycle earlier in its history, and the geographical distribution of early English stage III fits neatly with the earlier boundaries of the Danelaw.

Topic: Linguistics and language evolution
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Joint Facial Action Unit Detection and Feature Fusion: A Multi-Conditional Learning Approach

Automated analysis of facial expressions can benefit many domains, from marketing to clinical diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Facial expressions are typically encoded as a combination of facial muscle activations, i.e., action units. Depending on context, these action units co-occur in specific patterns, and rarely in isolation. Yet, most existing methods for automatic action unit detection fail to exploit dependencies among them, and the corresponding facial features. To address this, we propose a novel multi-conditional latent variable model for simultaneous fusion of facial features and joint action unit detection. Specifically, the proposed model performs feature fusion in a generative fashion via a low-dimensional shared subspace, while simultaneously performing action unit detection using a discriminative classification approach. We show that by combining the merits of both approaches, the proposed methodology outperforms existing purely discriminative/generative methods for the target task. To reduce the number of parameters, and avoid overfitting, a novel Bayesian learning approach based on Monte Carlo sampling is proposed, to integrate out the shared subspace. We validate the proposed method on posed and spontaneous data from three publicly available datasets (CK+, DISFA and Shoulder-pain), and show that both feature fusion and joint learning of action units leads to improved performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods for the task.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimal Design of Prestressed Plane Cable Structures

ABSTRACT Starting from some of our previous results, we provide a general comparison between a typical scheme of a two-surface hanging structure and a new type of prestressed cable-stayed structure whose good static and dynamic behavior has already been pointed out. For both structures we investigate fully stressed solutions of minimum volume and structural optimization. The superiority of prestressed cable-stayed structures over two-surface hanging structures is again confirmed. For both kinds of structures, numerical results are reported together with diagrams concerning the identification of optimal structural parameters. Some final discussions and suggestions for further developments of this theme conclude the paper.

Topic: Structural Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Entrepreneurial selling

Entrepreneurial selling is the identification and exploitation of opportunities for acquiring, developing, and maintaining value co-creators such as potential customers, partners, investors, employees, suppliers, banks, board members, mentors, and channels of distribution, to yield multi-way wins for everyone. One of the most cited reasons for new venture failure is the inability of entrepreneurs to sell. Unfortunately, the unique challenges that entrepreneurs encounter during the nascent and early growth phase of their ventures have received little attention largely because academic research on sales is dominated by issues faced by salespeople and sales leaders in medium and large-size firms. This chapter draws attention to this gap by reviewing relevant literature, offering an organizing framework, and outlining several opportunities for interdisciplinary research at the crossroads of sales and entrepreneurship.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Blended NPS Fertilizer Supplemented with Nitrogen on Yield Components and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of blended NPS fertilizer supplemented with N and to estimate the economically feasible fertilizer rate for higher yield of bread wheat. The experiment consisted of three levels of NPS (100,150 and 200 kg ha -1 ) each supplemented with five levels of N (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg N ha -1 ) and control. Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replication was used. The results showed that the days to heading, grain filling period, aboveground dry biomass (AGB) and 1000-kernels weight significantly affected by main effect of NPS and N. The highest (17129 and 16822 kg ha -1 ) AGB were obtained due to 200 kg blended NPS ha -1 and 92 kg N ha -1 , respectively. Also the interaction of NPS with N rate had significant effect on most parameters. The highest grain yield (6832 kg ha -1 ),highest number of kernels per spike and highest harvest index were obtained from application of 200 kg NPS ha -1 with 92 kg of SN ha -1 . The results of the economic analysis showed that the maximum net return was obtained due to the application of 200 kg NPS ha -1 + 46 kg N ha -1 . In conclusion, a combined application of 200 kg NPS ha - 1 supplemented with 46 kg N ha -1 are recommended to achieve sustainable bread wheat. However, the experiment was conducted only in one location for one season, so further studies at different locations for several years should be conducted in the study area before giving a conclusive recommendation. Keywords : blended NPS fertilizer; bread wheat; grain yield; inorganic N fertilizer

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In Front of Bilateral Pseudo Tumoral Ovarian Mass: Think about Tuberculosis

Ovarian and peritoneal localizations of tuberculosis are rare.They raise the problem of differential diagnosis with malignancy.In this regard, we reported the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with bilateral pseudo tumoral ovarian mass mimicking an advanced ovarian carcinoma with ascites.Extemporaneous examination of the peritoneum confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis and avoided bilateral annexectomy that could compromise the fertility of the patient.

Topic: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
I. CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERS IN DOG BILE

The colorimetric method for the determination of total cholesterol in dog bile is consistently accurate as checked by the oxidative digitonin method. This method has the further advantages of being simple, rapid and economical. A method for the determination of esterified cholesterol in bile is described and it is shown that there are no esters of cholesterol in normal dog bile.

Topic: Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The momentum of models

There are opportunities for the application of chemical physics style thinking to models central to solid state physics. Solid state physics has largely been left to its own devices by the chemical physics theory community, which is a shame. I will show here that cross fertilization of ideas is real and beneficial to science. This essay is written with the hope of encouraging young theorists with a chemical physics background to enter this rich and promising area. There are many low hanging fruit available essentially because condensed matter physics traditions, models, and standards for progress are so much different than in chemical physics. By way of a warning label, right now neither community is supporting this endeavor. I am hoping this article will help, a little. I make the apology for using mainly (but not exclusively) my own narrow experience and contributions to illustrate this essay. I understand it is only a small piece of the pie, but I do believe the message here is larger: a chemical physics mindset is complementary to the condensed matter physics mindset, and they would work best together.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pesticides Drive Stochastic Changes in the Chemoreception and Neurotransmission System of Marine Ectoparasites

Scientific efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical communication between organisms in marine environments are increasing. This study applied novel molecular technology to outline the effects of two xenobiotic drugs, deltamethrin (DM) and azamethiphos (AZA), on the neurotransmission system of the copepod ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to evaluate treatment effects on the glutamatergic synaptic pathway of the parasite, which is closely related to chemoreception and neurotransmission. After drug treatment with DM or AZA, stochastic mRNA expression patterns of glutamatergic synapse pathway components were observed. Both DM and AZA promoted a down-regulation of the glutamate-ammonia ligase, and DM activated a metabotropic glutamate receptor that is a suggested inhibitor of neurotransmission. Furthermore, the delousing drugs drove complex rearrangements in the distribution of mapped reads for specific metabotropic glutamate receptor domains. This study introduces a novel methodological approach that produces high-quality results from transcriptomic data. Using this approach, DM and AZA were found to alter the expression of numerous mRNAs tightly linked to the glutamatergic signaling pathway. These data suggest possible new targets for xenobiotic drugs that play key roles in the delousing effects of antiparasitics in sea lice.

Topic: Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Identifying the parameters of different configurations of photovoltaic models based on recent artificial ecosystem‐based optimization approach

Identifying accurate and precise photovoltaic models' parameters is the primary gate in providing a proper PV system design simulate its real behavior. Therefore, this article proposed a new approach based on a recent meta-heuristic algorithm of artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) to identify the optimal parameters of PV cell and module models. Various PV models are considered in this work as single diode (SD), double diode (DD), and triple diode (TD)-based circuits. The analysis is performed on which are R.T.C. France silicon solar cell, FSM-25 PV module, and Canadian-Solar-(CS6P-240P) multi-crystalline solar panel with the aid of experimental data under different operating conditions. Moreover, Lambert form is employed to validate the constructed model. Furthermore, comparative analysis with Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is performed. Additionally, statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed rank test is implemented across the three series of experiments for all employed optimizers. The obtained results confirmed the competence of the proposed approach in identifying the PV cell and modules equivalent circuits' parameters.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Qveen Ann's Indian chapel of the Onondawgvs

Journal Article Qveen Ann's Indian chapel of the Onondawgvs Get access Q. Y. Z. Q. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-I, Issue 13, 28 March 1874, Pages 248–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-I.13.248j Published: 28 March 1874

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interaction of<i>L. pneumophila</i>and a free living amoeba (<i>Acanthamoeba palestinensis</i>)

SUMMARY Co-cultivation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup I and Acanthamoeba palestinensis in Neff's medium at 35 °C resulted in the intracellular multiplication of the bacteria as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. In the closed experimental system used, the number of legionellae rose from 10 7 colony forming units (c. f. u.)/ml initially to a maximum of 10 10 c. f. u. /ml on day 5. Legionellae were seen in expelled phagosomes, in some amoebae filling the cytoplasm and in others in which the process of encystment appeared to have commenced.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 161641: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuroanesthesia Considerations in Modern Surgical Practice: Navigating the Intricacies of Neural Hemodynamics and Anesthetic Management

The field of neuroanesthesia has witnessed profound advancements in recent years, spurred by an evolving understanding of neural physiology and surgical techniques. This article delves into the intricate realm of neuroanesthesia, exploring the nuanced considerations that guide anesthetic management during neurosurgical procedures. From the delicate balance of cerebral perfusion pressure to the intricacies of maintaining an optimal intraoperative neurophysiological environment, this discourse addresses the evolving landscape of neuroanesthetic care. An emphasis is placed on the contemporary challenges faced by anesthesiologists in adapting to novel surgical interventions, such as intraoperative neuroimaging and neurophysiological monitoring. Through an exploration of the latest research and clinical practices, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted dimensions inherent in neuroanesthetic decision-making.

Topic: Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Light-Triggered RNA Release and Induction of Hmsc Osteogenesis Via Photodegradable, Dual-Crosslinked Hydrogels

RNA release from photodegradable hydrogels was accelerated upon UV application, which was not observed in non-photodegradable hydrogels. Regardless of the presence of UV light, released siGFP exhibited high bioactivity by silencing GFP expression in HeLa cells. Importantly, siNoggin or miRNA-20a released from the hydrogels induced hMSC osteogenesis. This system provides a potentially valuable physician/patient-controlled 'on-demand' RNA delivery platform for biomedical applications.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Benefit of Selective Respiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Background Diminished respiratory muscle strength and endurance have been demonstrated in patients with heart failure. This may contribute to exertional dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether selective respiratory muscle training could alleviate dyspnea and improve exercise performance in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Methods and Results Fourteen patients with chronic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, 22±9%) were enrolled in a supervised respiratory muscle training program. This consisted of three weekly sessions of isocapnic hyperpnea at maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity, resistive breathing, and strength training. Maximum sustainable ventilatory capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peak V̇ o 2 , and the 6-minute walk test were measured before (pre) and after (post) 3 months of training. Eight patients completed the training program. Respiratory muscle endurance was improved with training, as evidenced by increases in maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity (pre, 48.6±10.7 versus post, 76.9±14.5 L/min; P &lt;.05) and in maximal voluntary ventilation (pre, 100±36 versus post, 115±39 L/min; P &lt;.05). Respiratory muscle strength was also increased with training as maximal inspiratory (pre, 64±31 versus post, 78±33 cm H 2 O; P &lt;.01) and expiratory (pre, 94±30 versus post, 133±53 cm H 2 O; P &lt;.001) pressures rose. Submaximal and maximal exercise capacity were significantly improved with selective respiratory muscle training as the 6-minute walk (pre, 1101±351 versus post, 1421±328 ft; P &lt;.001) and peak exercise V̇ o 2 (pre, 11.4±3.3 versus post, 13.3±2.7 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ; P &lt;.05) both significantly increased. Dyspnea during activities of daily living was subjectively improved in the majority of trained patients. Dyspnea quantified by the Borg scale was significantly reduced during progressive isocapnic hyperpnea but not during bicycle exercise. No statistically significant improvement in maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory or expiratory mouth pressures, 6-minute walk, or peak V̇ o 2 was observed in the 6 patients who did not complete the training program. Conclusions Selective respiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle endurance and strength, with an enhancement of submaximal and maximal exercise capacity in patients with heart failure. Dyspnea during activities of daily living was subjectively improved in the majority of trained patients.

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences