jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap in Gestational Diabetes: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improving GDM Using a Chronic Care–Based Clinical Framework

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2 to 10% of pregnancies and is associated with a 35 to 60% chance of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the proceeding 10 to 20 years.[1] Women with GDM are at increased risk for preeclampsia and cesarean delivery, and are more likely to have recurrence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies.[2] [3] [4] [5] Neonates born to mothers with GDM are more likely to have shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, birth trauma, hyperbilirubinemia, large for gestational age, and spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit.[3] [6] Incidence has increased with increasing obesity, as well as with racial/ethnic health disparities, with minority women at highest risk of GDM and subsequent T2DM.[7] [8] [9] In the 3 months after birth, many patients are lost to follow-up because of variation in practice standards and inadequate coordination between obstetrics during pregnancy and primary care following delivery.[10]

Topic: Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Machine Learning Approaches for Epigenetic Biomarker Discovery in Neurological Disorders

Abstract Effects of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's affects millions of people, multiple research suggest that ​epigenetic modifications influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence hold a pivotal position in the development of these conditions. The modifications include chemical alterations to DNA like DNA methylation and to histone proteins, which help package DNA in cells at the same time machine learning, a field in artificial intelligence that identifies patterns in large datasets is opening innovative methods for investigating sophisticated biological information. This paper explores how ML can be applied to uncover distinct epigenetic markers that may indicate the presence or risk of neurological conditions by detailing each step from data acquisition and cleaning to training and testing predictive models. We aim to make these cutting-edge techniques understandable to a broad audience.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Subclasses of IgG: biological aspects and functional behavior in response to vaccination].

The IgG subclasses are known to have different structure and functions. The IgG1 and IgG3 bind to monocyte and neutrophils and activate the complement more easily then IgG2 and IgG4. The levels of IgG subclasses found in newborns are mainly determined by the transplacental passage since the synthesis, in the first time of life, is very low. The levels found in adults are reached only during the adolescence. The immune response to a protein antigen is mainly in the IgG1 subclass, on the contrary the response to polysaccharide antigens is mainly IgG2. For that reason children, who produce very few IgG2 till they are 2 years old, cannot be vaccinated with carbohydrate vaccines unless a protein conjugate vaccine is used. In addition, the route of subministration, the dose of antigen, the age of vaccinated people and genetic factors can modify the subclass pattern obtained in response to vaccinations. For these reasons, probably, the immune response studied after a vaccination or in individuals who recovered from a natural disease is not always the same. Since the role of the different subclasses is not yet completely clarified, the interpretation of the importance of a selective "choice" of a subclass instead of another after vaccination is still difficult.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 695937: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
“No Ku Klux Klan for Kern”

The Ku Klux Klan saw a rapid rise in Kern County, California, in 1921 but disintegrated in 1922. Local newspapers decried the Klan’s vigilante violence; a diligent district attorney pursued and prosecuted those involved; and the local press and the court cases revealed members’ identities. The ensuing backlash quickly neutralized the Klan in Kern County. The revealed identities enabled the author to profile local KKK adherents. The subsequent career paths of key members and their opponents confirm the shift of public opinion against the Klan despite its public relations efforts.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nea Paphos. Seasons 2014 and 2016 Appendix 1: Note on the pottery from circular basin S.1/16 Appendix 2: Glass

Excavation below the ancient ground surface of the main courtyard (1) of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos proved its construction to be later than the beginning of the 2nd century AD. A large rectangular basin and a smaller circular one were found under the western part of the courtyard and east of it. The larger basin had two phases, the first phase being more than a meter deeper than the second one. Strata under the floors of corridor A and room B were shown to belong to the Late Classical and incipient Hellenistic periods. Exploration also continued of a cistern in the southeastern part of the courtyard and of a well in the northeastern corner of the corridor. The building sequence of the porticoes in the main courtyard was investigated in a probe dug in the southwestern corner of the court, whereas the relation between the large reception hall with mosaic floor (10) and the so-called Roman House was tested in a trench dug in corridor 29. Further fragments of “Nabatean” capitals and other decorated blocks were found in pits that had been cut in the courtyard surface in antiquity. Finally, minor excavation at the southwestern corner of the House of Aion revealed a sequence of floors against the southern elevation of a building uncovered under the late Roman street B.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Echocardiographic evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A review of up‐to‐date knowledge and practical tips

Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent cardiac disease with genetic substrate, affecting about .2%–.5% of the population. The proper diagnosis is important for optimal management and follow‐up. Echocardiography plays an essential role in the assessment of patients with HCM including diagnosis, screening, management formulation, prognosis, and follow up. It also helps to differentiate HCM from other diseases. The advancement of software and probe technology added many echo modalities and techniques that helped in refining the diagnostic and assessing the prognosis of patients with HCM. In this review, we briefly summarize how to integrate the different echocardiographic modalities to obtain comprehensive assessment supported by an updated knowledge of the latest guidelines and recently published articles. Many practical tips and tricks are included in this review to improve the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography and minimize errors during interpretation.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Seasonal forage dry matter production and quality of 29 dryland grasses in Montana

Producers must have accurate and reliable measurements of both forage production and quality in their pastures. Previous studies with dryland grasses in Montana have mostly been limited to adaptation or yield performance of a few species at a single location. The first objective of this study was to document yield and forage quality characteristics of adapted dryland grass varieties over a three-year period at three separate locations. Another objective was to accurately predict forage quality constituents of numerous dryland forage grasses using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A third objective was to generate predictive models for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) using date or growing degree days. And finally, the last objective of this study was to demonstrate how forage quality information generated in this study can be useful for future improvement of animal carrying capacity predictions. Twenty-nine dryland grass varieties were established at three Montana locations. Data were collected over a three-year period. Forage production and quality data were gathered under a wide range of climatic conditions. Interactions among years, varieties, and locations illustrated the variability of the climate in Montana and biological differences of varieties at different locations. This study makes a strong case for the use of NIRS technology in estimating forage quality of dryland grasses in Montana. Compared to traditional wet chemistry procedures, NIRS proved to be much faster and generated accurate results. Predictive models using date and growing degree days generated estimates of forage quality similar to NIRS but standard errors associated with model parameters limited statistical differences among varieties for season-long forage quality. However, it was determined that the rates of forage quality decline among many of the varieties studied were different (P &lt; 0.01). The r^2 values for predicted forage quality ranged from 0.39 (Rosana, ADF) to 0.85 (Schwendimar, ADF) for the AGGD models and all were highly significant. Strong negative correlations between yield and quality were not found in this study (-0.3&lt;0.3). ADF and NDF were highly correlated (r&gt;0.79). It appears that with optimal management, both forage production and quality can be. optimized. Preliminary use of this data suggests that energy becomes limiting first as the growing season progresses, followed by intake and protein. Further studies should be devoted to modeling pasture carrying capacity with forage quality data.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record System With a Disease Management Program and Health Care Treatment Costs for Danish Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Among patients with type 2 diabetes, attendance at general practices that used an EHR/DMP was associated with a moderate increase in primary care costs and a reduction in emergency hospital visit costs but no significant change in total health care costs. Large health care cost savings associated with improved use of EHR-based disease management systems should not be expected to be realized in the short term.

Topic: Electronic Health Records Systems
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Accepting Failure: Availability through Repair-centric System Design

Motivated by the lack of rapid improvement in the availability of Internet server systems, we introduce a new philosophy for designing highly-available systems that better reflects the realities of the Internet service environment. Our approach, denoted repair-centric system design, is based on the belief that failures are inevitable in complex, human-administered systems, and thus we focus on detecting and repairing failures quickly and effectively, rather than just trying to avoid them. Our proposal is unique in that it tackles the human aspects of availability along with the traditional system aspects. We enumerate a set of design techniques for building repair-centric systems, outline a plan for implementing these techniques in an existing cluster email service application, and describe how we intend to quantitatively evaluate the availability gains achieved by repair-centric design.

Topic: Software System Performance and Reliability
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 287313: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dentate Nucleus to Facilitate Standing Balance in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Objective: Cerebrovascular accidents are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. We hypothesized that cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the dentate nuclei and the lower-limb representations in the cerebellum can improve standing balance functional reach in chronic (&amp;gt; 6 months&amp;rsquo; post-stroke) stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) based subject-specific electric field was computed across 10 stroke survivors and one healthy MRI template to find an optimal bipolar bilateral ctDCS montage to target dentate nuclei and lower-limb representations (lobules VII-IX). Then, in a repeated-measure crossover study on 5 stroke survivors, we compared 15minutes of 2mA ctDCS based on the effects on successful functional reach(%) during standing balance task. Three-way ANOVA investigated the factors of interest&amp;ndash; brain regions, montages, stroke participants, and their interactions.Results: &amp;ldquo;One-size-fits-all&amp;rdquo; ctDCS montage for the clinical study was found to be bipolar PO9h &amp;ndash; PO10h for dentate nuclei and bipolar Exx7&amp;ndash;Exx8 for lobules VII-IX with contalesional anode. Bipolar PO9h&amp;ndash;PO10h ctDCS performed significantly (alpha=0.05) better in facilitating successful functional reach (%) when compared to bipolar Exx7&amp;ndash;Exx8 ctDCS. Furthermore, a linear relationship between successful functional reach (%) and electric field strength was found where bipolar PO9h&amp;ndash;PO10h montage resulted in a significantly (alpha=0.05) higher electric field strength when compared to bipolar Exx7&amp;ndash;Exx8 montage for the same 2mA current. Conclusion: We presented a rational neuroimaging based approach to optimize deep ctDCS of the dentate nuclei and lower limb representations in the cerebellum for post-stroke balance rehabilitation.

Topic: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Privacy in Chatbot Conversation-Driven Development: A Comprehensive Review and Requirements Proposal

Ensuring data privacy is a major challenge for software developers, especially in chatbots, where balancing privacy protection with response quality is key, given the need for conversation-driven development and data protection regulations. This research identifies privacy requirements and techniques for chatbot development through a literature review, privacy policy analysis, and a practitioner survey. The methodology includes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), an adapted Gray Literature Review (GLR), privacy requirement formulation, and validation via a survey. Based on the SLR and GLR, eight privacy requirements are proposed, covering personal information protection, user authentication, access control, secure communication, database safety, user rights empowerment, decentralized storage, and reliable infrastructure. Survey results highlight foundational measures like secure communication and scalable infrastructures as priorities, while advanced measures such as decentralized storage or privacy rights implementation scored lower due to complexity and cost. Practitioners also stressed clarity and verifiability, citing gaps in definitions, examples, and validation criteria as challenges to adoption.

Topic: AI in Service Interactions
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Contribution of Reduced Peak Accrual of Bone and Age-Related Bone Loss to Osteoporosis at the Spine and Hip: Insights from the Daughters of Women with Vertebral or Hip Fractures

Abstract The genetic hypothesis states that a daughter will resemble her mother by about 50% in a given trait because she shares, on average, half her genes. We used this trait resemblance in mothers and daughters to determine whether abnormalities in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) or bone size in women with fractures originate in growth or aging. vBMD and volume of the third lumbar vertebra and femoral neck were estimated using posteroanterior (PA) scanning by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vertebral volume was estimated as (scan area)3/2 and femoral neck volume was π ∗︁ (width/2)2 ∗︁ height. vBMD was bone mineral content (BMC)/volume. The data were expressed as age-specific SD or Z scores (mean ± SEM). Vertebral vBMD was reduced by −0.98 ± 0.14 SD (p &amp;lt; 0.001) in 34 women with vertebral fractures, and by −0.36 ± 0.13 SD (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in their 44 premenopausal daughters. The vBMD deficit in the daughters (relative to age-matched controls) was no different from one-half their mothers' deficit (relative to their age-matched controls). Vertebral volume was reduced in the women with vertebral fractures relative to age-matched controls (−0.77 ± 0.15 SD; p &amp;lt; 0.001), but not in their daughters (−0.17 ± 0.13 SD, NS). The 31 women with hip fractures and their 41 premenopausal daughters had no deficits in vertebral volume or vBMD. Femoral neck vBMD was reduced in the women with hip fractures (−1.24 ± 0.12 SD; p &amp;lt; 0.001) but not in their daughters (−0.17 ± 0.13 SD, NS). Femoral neck volume was increased by 0.98 ± 0.30 SD (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in women with hip fractures (relative to age-matched controls) and by 0.54 ± 0.14 SD (p &amp;lt; 0.001) in their daughters (relative to age-matched controls); that is, about one-half that of their mothers. We propose that women with vertebral fractures have reduced vertebral vBMD because of, in large part, reduced accrual of bone during growth (because the deficit in their daughters was almost one-half their mothers' deficit); reduced vertebral volume in women with vertebral fractures is caused by reduced periosteal apposition during aging (because their daughters have no deficit in vertebral volume). Women with hip fractures have reduced vBMD because of age-related bone loss (because their daughters have no deficit in vBMD) but the increased femoral neck volume is growth related (because their daughters' femoral neck size is increased by one-half as much). The pathogenesis of bone fragility at the axial and appendicular skeleton is heterogeneous and has its origins in growth and aging.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 172215: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Little Lion of the Southwest: A Life of Manuel Antonio Chaves

Journal Article The Little Lion of the Southwest: A Life of Manuel Antonio Chaves Get access The Little Lion of the Southwest: A Life of Manuel Antonio Chaves. By Simmons Marc. (Chicago: Swallow Press, 1973. xii, 263 p. Illustrations, photographs, drawings, maps, bibliography, index. $8.95.) John L. Kessell John L. Kessell Albuquerque, New Mexico Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 2, April 1975, Pages 205–206, https://doi.org/10.2307/968002 Published: 01 April 1975

Topic: Latin American and Latino Studies
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Self-Distilled Masked Auto-Encoders are Efficient Video Anomaly Detectors

We propose an efficient abnormal event detection model based on a lightweight masked auto-encoder (AE) applied at the video frame level. The novelty of the proposed model is threefold. First, we introduce an approach to weight tokens based on motion gradients, thus shifting the focus from the static background scene to the foreground objects. Second, we integrate a teacher decoder and a student decoder into our architecture, leveraging the discrepancy between the outputs given by the two decoders to improve anomaly detection. Third, we generate synthetic abnormal events to augment the training videos, and task the masked AE model to jointly reconstruct the original frames (without anomalies) and the corresponding pixel-level anomaly maps. Our design leads to an efficient and effective model, as demonstrated by the extensive experiments carried out on four benchmarks: Avenue, ShanghaiTech, UBnormal and UCSD Ped2. The empirical results show that our model achieves an excellent trade-off between speed and accuracy, obtaining competitive AUC scores, while processing 1655 FPS. Hence, our model is between 8 and 70 times faster than competing methods. We also conduct an ablation study to justify our design. Our code is freely available at: https://github.com/ristea/aed-mae.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Novel Blind GPS Anti-jamming Algorithm Based on Subspace Technique

In this paper, a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm for Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed, which combines the cyclic adaptive beamforming (CAB) algorithm with subspace technique. Compared with the CAB algorithm, the new algorithm can generate high gain toward the satellite direction and form the nulls in the directions of jammers by constraining both the weight vector and control vector of the CAB algorithm to the orthogonal space of the steering vectors of jammers. The proposed algorithm has the advantages such as no requirement of any knowledge of the transmitted signals and the satellite locations, fast convergence speed, and low computation complexity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_00425_20250402

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.<br>Common name(s): Common bean<br>Conserved by: Christian Hieber, Germany<br>Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_00425_20250402<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2025-04-02<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Breeding/research material<br>MLS status: SMTA transfer

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences