jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LITERATURE REVIEW : ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK

Critical thinking skills are one of the essential competencies of the 21st century that students must possess to face the challenges of the times. This study aims to analyze the level of students' critical thinking skills through a literature review of five relevant articles across different educational levels. The method used is a literature review with purposive sampling, where articles are selected based on the alignment of themes and pre-determined criteria. The analysis results show that, in general, students' critical thinking skills are still in the low to moderate category. Contributing factors include difficulties in understanding questions, lack of HOTS-based exercises, the influence of the learning environment, and limited habits of analyzing information. Therefore, joint efforts from teachers, schools, and students are required to enhance these skills through active, innovative, and problem-solving-based learning.

Topic: Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Nanofibers and Nanocomposites

Electrospinning is a technique to generate submicron-to nanometer-scale bers from polymer solutions or melts. It is also known as electrostatic spinning, that has some characteristics common with electrospraying and the traditional ber drawing process. Electrospinning is a simple and facile technique to produce nonwoven, interconnectedCONTENTS7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................229 7.2 Electrospinning: Basics and Instrumentation ...............................................................230

Topic: Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The outcomes of gonadotropins releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles with and without letrozole co-treatment in patients undergoing ICSI

Background: Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor which has been proposed as a great tool in ovulation induction and infertility management. This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of letrozole in combination with gonadotropins and GnRH antagonist is superior to gonadotropins and GnRH antagonist alone in women undergoing ICSI treatment. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted during the period from October 2017 to March 2020 in a private fertility center. 112 participants were randomly allocated into two groups either intervention (Letrozole plus antagonist protocol) or control (antagonist protocol) groups. Participants were subjected to ovarian stimulation (OS) using a GnRH antagonist protocol. Only for the intervention group, letrozole was added from the second day of the cycle to the sixth day. On the day of hCG trigger, endometrial thickness, estradiol and progesterone level were assessed. The results were correlated to the outcomes of the Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle. Results: Both the intervention and control groups were balanced in respect to the demographic and clinical characteristics. The stimulation outcomes were comparable between the two studied groups. The clinical pregnancy rate and the ongoing pregnancy rate were comparable between both groups. There was no significant relation between the day of embryo transfer and either occurrence of clinical pregnancy or ongoing pregnancy among both groups' participants. Conclusions: Letrozole co-treatment in the first five days of gonadotropins stimulation in anatagonist cycles did not show any significant change in the pregnancy outcomes of ICSI cycles.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Application of a next-generation genetic analysis in the field of hemophilia

要約：血友病は血液凝固第VIII 因子遺伝子（F8），第IX 因子遺伝子（F9）中の多種多様な遺伝子変異によって引き起こされる．これまで患者の病因遺伝子変異の解析は，1）エクソンとその近傍のPCR 増幅とシークエンスによる点変異や小規模な欠失・挿入の検出，2）MLPA（Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification）による大規模な欠失・挿入の検出，3）ロングPCR によるX染色体逆位の検出，が行われてきた．しかし近年，身近になった次世代シークエンス（NGS）がこれらの解析に取り入れられるようになってきた．折りしも血友病の医療は，個別化医療に向かいつつある．またゲノム編集による遺伝子治療も臨床応用に向けて着実な進歩をみせている．このような状況下，個々の患者の責任遺伝子を中心としたジェノタイプの把握にNGS 解析の活用が期待されている．

Topic: Hemophilia Treatment and Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
IMMUNE DYSREGULATION AND EPITHELIAL STRESS IN CELIAC DISEASE PROGRESSION: A FOCUS ON REFRACTORY CELIAC DISEASE SUBTYPES.

Our findings underscore the crucial role of immune dysregulation and epithelial stress in the transition from CD to RCD. A decrease in regulatory T cells (expressing FOXP3), increased cell proliferation (as indicated by Ki67), and heightened MHC II expression may be potential biomarkers for disease severity and progression. These results suggest that therapies targeting these pathways could enhance the management of RCD.

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Local Wisdom: A Reflection of Creativity & Innovation Through Usungan Practice in Sarawak Coastal Community

The Sarawak coastal community consists of several divisions, districts and villages such as Kabong, Pusa, Spaoh, Belawai, Beladin, Maludam, Dalat and many more. A research trip has been conducted from 19-25 November 2018 in Kabong to document a rare practice by the coastal community, The marching of the Usungan. The event was held to celebrate a large group of children who completed their studies in the Al-Quran recitals. It is unique practice or tradition and it is only existing in the Borneo Island. Especially, Sarawak coastal areas continue to maintain and preserve it. Through the very interesting design of the Usungan, the Malay people of Sarawak has proven to have created their creativity and innovation. It has been stated that this practice has existed for more than 100 years ago. It is a privilege for the students or children to celebrate and, to encourage the younger generation to be successful and it is a kind of positive reinforcement for them. The Usungan also reflects the local wisdom of the people in art and design. Among the designs are aircrafts, cars, houses, mosques, boats, flowers, fishes and so on. Every design has their own story that reflects every single student who requested it. However, this practice requires the support of various parties, especially from the government, to continue and preserve it. As time goes by, some cultural heritage will be lost if no preservation effort of this practice starts from today. There are no complete and proper documentation of the design of the Usungan or any similar practice for the next generation references. Through Usungan, it shows that community knowledge in art and design in ways that can benefit the community and pass on. The event was held to celebrate a large group of children who completed their studies in the Al-Quran recitals. It is a unique practice or tradition and it only exist in the Borneo Island. Especially, Sarawak coastal areas continue to maintain and preserve it. Through the very interesting design of the Usungan, the Malay people of Sarawak has proven to have created their creativity and innovation.

Topic: Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Status of Legislative Tasks for Gender Equality

최근 우리 사회는 남녀동수내각 구성을 선언한 새 정부의 출범과 30년 만의 개헌국면 등으로 성평등 실현을 위한 법적 근거를 마련할 기회를 맞고 있다. 일부 전문직에서의 여성 약진 현상 등이 과장 보도되면서 일어난 착시현상 때문에 이미 성평등이 달성된 것처럼 여기는 사람들이 많아진 가운데, 우리 사회의 현실은 여전한 성불평등과 이로 인한 저출산·고령화, 젠더폭력, 일 · 가정양립의 어려움, 돌봄의 공백 등 다양한 문제를 목도하고 있다. 이런 여러 사회문제를 해결하기 위해 최우선적 가치로 삼아야 할 것이 성평등이다. 성평등한 사회실현을 위해서 사회구성원들의 젠더 감수성 증진, 성평등성에 대한 인식 향상 등 다양한 과제가 제기될 터이나, 현재 시급히 요청되는 것은 관련입법의 제 · 개정이기에 이 글에서는 주요 입법과제가 무엇인가를 검토 · 분석한다. 우선 성평등한 〈헌법〉을 마련하기 위해 일반적 평등규정 외에 성평등 조항을 따로 규정하는 점에 대해 검토하고, 포괄적인 〈차별금지법〉과 〈성차별금지법〉의 제정에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 최근 증가하고 있는 디지털성범죄, 스토킹, 데이트 폭력 등 젠더폭력문제 전반에 대한 입법과제와 가정폭력을 감소시키기 위한 〈가정폭력처벌특례법〉의 개정방안을 제시하였다.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Maternal Mortality in Vietnam in 1994–95

This report presents the first population‐based estimates of maternal morality in Vietnam. All the deaths of women aged 15–49 in 1994–95 in three provinces of Vietnam were identified and classified by cause. Maternal mortality was the fifth most frequent cause of death. The maternal mortality ratio was 155 deaths per 100,000 live births. This ratio compares with the World Health Organization's estimates of 430 such deaths globally and 390 for Asia. The maternal mortality ratio in the delta regions of these provinces was half that of the mountainous and semimountainous regions. Because a larger proportion of the Vietnamese population live in delta regions than elsewhere, the maternal mortality ratio for Vietnam as a whole may be lower than that of the three provinces studied. Maternal mortality is low in Vietnam primarily because a relatively high proportion of deliveries take place in clinics and hospitals, where few women die in childbirth. Also, few women die of the consequences of induced abortion in Vietnam because the procedure is legal and easily available.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
5.3 Ethical, Social and Environmental Aspects of Marketing Planning

Das Marketing-Lehrbuch in englischer Sprache, zugeschnitten auf den europäischen Markt. Mit zahlreichen Übungsaufgaben, Vertiefungsfragen, Praxisbeispielen und Fallstudien:

Topic: Corporate Governance and Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Phylogenetics and morphological character evolution in the achyranthoid clade (Amaranthaceae): Evidence to re‐circumscribe the genera <i>Achyranthes</i> and <i>Cyathula</i> and to resurrect a third species of the former genus <i>Sericocomopsis</i> in East Africa

Abstract The achyranthoid clade constitutes the second most species‐rich lineage of the Amaranthaceae after the gomphrenoid clade. The Achyranthoids are mostly African, in contrast to the largely Neotropical Gomphrenoids, and comprise a large number of genera, many of which were revealed as non‐monophyletic. Here were focus on subclade II of the Achyranthoids with the so far accepted genera Achyranthes , Achyropsis , Centrostachys , Cyathula , Nelsia , Nototrichium , Pandiaka , Sericocomopsis , and Sericostachys . Building upon an earlier dataset, we extended taxon and character sampling, both for molecular and morphological characters. Our plastid and nuclear trees converge on several highly supported clades, one comprising most species of Cyathula , Nelsia , Pandiaka and two highly divergent lineages of plants hitherto identified as Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii . Morphologically, individuals within these lineages are similar, with one of them matching the type of Sericocomopsis meruensis . This name was formerly considered a synonym and is resurrected at species level. Cymous partial florescences are ancestral in this clade, which corresponds to the genus Cyathula as re‐circumscribed here. To the contrary, sterile flowers and bracteoles or tepals modified to hooks serving dispersal by animals appear multiple times within and outside this clade, indicating how their use as diagnostic characters for genera led to non‐monophyletic entities. For the phylogenetically isolated and morphologically distinct Cyathula orthacantha the new genus Sebsebea is described, and for Sericocomopsis pallida the new genus Evelynastra . The Achyranthes clade is characterized by solitary, fertile flowers including the genera Achyropsis and Nototrichium both of which are merged to make Achyranthes monophyletic. In addition to a treatment to establish all required nomenclatural changes and typifications, we also provide a taxonomic backbone with full synonymy for the achyranthoid subclade II.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Simulation of Logistic Port Processes

The Prosim simulation model is capable of conducting simulation of a wide variety of logistic processes. Application of the model is especially powerful when a large number of parallel and interrelated parameters is concerned. Typical applications include port and terminal operations, ranging from nautical issues to berth occupancy planning and sizing of port facilities. Similarly, simulations of cargo flows, product deliveries and onward transportation options can permit sizing and layout planning for on-land facilities. The Prosim model consists of a description of all relevant variables, and the way they are interrelated with other variables inside or outside the model. Input required for the model can be separated in two groups, physical parameters and process description. Physical input parameters define the physical characteristics of the simulated process, and can be fixed, variable or randomly generated. Process descriptions define the behavior of the system, often consisting of logistic decisions or checks that must be made.

Topic: Law, logistics, and international trade
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tactical and Criminalistic Features of Conducting a Physical Examination during the Verification of Crime Reports

The law defines examination as a specific form of inspection – namely, the inspection of a living person’s body. This investigative measure is a crucial evidentiary tool employed both during the preliminary investigation and at the stage of initiating a criminal case. A key feature of the verification of a crime report is the limited range of investigative actions permitted by law at this early stage of criminal proceedings. As a result, each permissible action assumes heightened importance due to its unique and often irreplaceable function. Examination belongs to the category of investigative measures legally allowed during the initiation stage, and this article explores its tactical and forensic-specific aspects within that context. The Authors examine current challenges in conducting examinations, the procedural framework governing this investigative action, and identify the range of participants involved. Particular attention is given to participants whose procedural status has not yet been determined – i.e., individuals examined before a formal decision to initiate criminal proceedings has been made. The article analyzes how the rights and lawful interests of these individuals can be protected during such procedures. Drawing on law enforcement practice, the article outlines scenarios in which examinations are conducted at the initiation stage for offenses such as: Illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, Causing minor bodily harm, or Offenses in the field of road traffic safety and transport operation. In view of the examination’s goals and objectives, the article identifies tactical and criminalistic considerations at each stage of its execution: preparatory, operational, and concluding phases. Based on an analysis of judicial and investigative practice, along with applicable legislation, the Authors formulate a practical algorithm for investigative actions related to conducting examinations during the crime report verification stage. The research, along with the proposed evidence-based recommendations on tactics, expands the understanding of this procedural tool and encourages its wider application in law enforcement practice.

Topic: Ukrainian Legal and Forensic Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Religiosity and Altruism: Exploring the Link and its Relation to Happiness

This article investigates whether there is a link between religiosity and altruism for individuals and, more specifically, how this link is experienced. The study applies both statistical analysis of survey data and phenomenological analysis of interview material. The analysis both questions the often assumed religiosity–altruism link and explores its nature, particularly from the perspective of the individual who experiences this link. The findings indicate that the attitudes and acts of altruism are indeed linked to religiosity, yet there are also modes of altruism were no connection is detected. The phenomenological analysis yields a novel model of five components of the religiosity–altruism link from individual experience: 1) faith and values in action, 2) personal relation to God, 3) institutions, 4) communal support and networks in congregations, 5) teachings of the Bible. Overall, this article offers new insights by deepening our understanding of the religiosity–altruism link as such and its relation to the classical expectation of religiosity and altruism being pivotal to happiness.

Topic: Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Mediation Path to Chinese Netizens' Civic Engagement: The Effects of News Usage, Civic Motivations, Online Expression and Discussion

This study refreshes the communication mediation model by integrating impacts of individual psychological traits (civic motivations and political efficacy) with the relationships between Chinese netizens' media news uses, civic expression/discussion and civic engagement in the model. The results of an online survey (N=490) indicated that new media and conventional media have indirect effects on civic engagement through different mediators. Specifically, reading news from the newspapers has a negative impact on motivations driven by emotion, but directly spurs political efficacy, civic discussion and engagement. By contrast, watching TV news encourages civic discussion, while browsing news online increases the likelihood of participatory behaviours, driven by emotions of anger or sadness. Pressure from social networks is positively related to civic engagement. Motivations of civic duties, emotion and political efficacy are positively related to online civic expression and discussion with social networks about public affairs, both of which are strongly associated with participatory behaviours.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microscopic Analysis of Epidermal and Vascular Structures in Alysicarpus naikianus Pokle: Anatomical Adaptations for Environmental Resilience

Alysicarpus naikianus Pokle is an endemic species of the genus Alysicarpus in the subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Desmodieae, of the Leguminosae family. Described in 1999, this species was initially known from limited collections at three localities in Maharashtra, India. Recent floristic surveys, particularly in the hilly areas of the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and western India, have revealed additional populations, expanding its known distribution. The species exhibits morphological characteristics consistent with other members of its genus, including distinctive Anatomy of leaf, stem, root, vessel’s structure and epidermal features, which were studied using light microscopy. The findings indicate a higher level of diversity and a broader ecological range than previously documented. As a result, A. naikianus is now recognized as a significant species within the Alysicarpus genus, highlighting the need for further exploration and conservation efforts in its native habitats.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Study on the production of trehalose by bacterium D-97 endocellular enzymes using HPLC/RI and HPLC/ESI-MS].

The mechanism in which trehalose is produced from dextrin or starch hydrolyzate by endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97 can be elucidated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with differential refraction detection (RI) basically, including the effect of the different carbon sources on the endocellular trehalose-producing enzymes in bacterium D-97 and the possibility or ability of the endocellular enzymes to produce trehalose using maltooligosaccharides of different chain lengths. After purification of endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97, two enzymes (called Enzyme A and Enzyme B) related to trehalose synthesis were found. The unknown oligosaccharides produced by Enzyme A were analyzed with the HPLC/RI and HPLC/ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). The results showed the relative molecular masses of the unknown oligosaccharides were the same as those of the enzymatic reaction substances (maltotriose, maltotetraose and maltopentaose) respectively. In combining with other results of biological experiments, these unknown oligosaccharides had been identified basically. There was no reduction power in these unknown oligosaccharides and only one trehalose residue exited in the molecular chain of these unknown oligosaccharides.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sensitive ground protection for transmission lines and distribution feeders

If ground fault coils are used in high tension overhead systems and underground cable networks, earth leakage relays may be employed to indicate the location of single ground faults. The influence of the contact resistance at the point of the ground is explained. Earth leakage relays in compensated networks, their operation in radial and meshed networks, and the means for determining their correct operation by tests, are described. The paper is based on the practical experiences gained from such installations in England and in Continental Europe.

Topic: Power Systems Fault Detection
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of three disk tests for identification of enterococci, leuconostocs, and pediococci

Simple rapid tests for presumptive identification of catalase-negative non-beta-hemolytic cocci (i.e., enterococci, leuconostocs, and pediococci) have not previously been available. Seven hundred thirty-four strains of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-beta-hemolytic gram-positive cocci were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin (Vans) by a screening procedure and production of leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase) and pyrrolidonylarylamidase (PYRase) in disk tests. Three unique patterns of activity in response to the three disks (30 micrograms of vancomycin, PYRase, and LAPase) can be used to presumptively identify the vancomycin-resistant (Vanr) enterococci (Vanr and PYRase and LAPase positive), leuconostocs (Vanr and PYRase and LAPase negative), and pediococci (Vanr, PYRase negative, and LAPase positive). The results indicate that, together with Gram stain characteristics and the catalase test, the vancomycin, LAPase, and PYRase disk tests can be used to presumptively identify Vanr strains of enterococci as well as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus strains from human infections.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences