jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Two‐Well Tracer Tests in Stratified Aquifers at the Chalk River and the Mobile Sites

A simulation study of two‐well injection‐withdrawal tracer tests in stratified granular aquifers at two widely separated sites is presented. The first site is located near the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories in Canada, and the second site is located in Mobile, Alabama. Field data and test conditions at these sites are substantially different in terms of vertical distributions of hydraulic conductivity, well spacings, flow rates, test durations, and tracer travel distances. Furthermore, the test at the Chalk River site was conducted in a recirculating mode, whereas the test at the Mobile site was conducted in a nonrecirculating mode. Simulations of these tests were performed in three dimensions using the curvilinear finite element model developed in the previous paper of this series. The simulations incorporated measured vertical variations in relative hydraulic conductivity and local dispersivity values that are small fractions (between 1/1000 and 1/100) of the spacing between the injection and the withdrawal wells. The local dispersivities are used to account for local hydrodynamic dispersion and are chosen independently so that they are not affected by the scales of the tests. Simulation results obtained from the model are presented. Interpretation of these results is made in conjunction with measured breakthrough curves at the withdrawal well and multilevel observation wells. For the Chalk River site, predicted and measured breakthrough curves at the withdrawal well are in good agreement over the earlier part of the test duration. Deviation of the field data from the model prediction occurs over the second part, where the predicted breakthrough curves show a declining trend but the field data plot does not. For the Mobile site, predicted and measured breakthrough curves at the withdrawal well show similar trends throughout the entire test duration and are in good agreement overall. Model predictions of the effect of hydraulic conductivity stratification on temporal distributions of concentration are generally consistent with data from multilevel observation wells at both sites. The model results also show interesting effects of stratification on spatial distributions of concentration, and on the evolution and spreading pattern of tracer plumes. These effects have not been fully assessed in the field measurement and should be investigated further.

Topic: Groundwater flow and contamination studies
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Proposals for epidemiological surveys of helminthoses aimed at the improvement of livestock production in the tropics.

As the major contagious epidemics in the tropics are today more or less under control, the most important diseases of livestock are due to parasitic infections. Precise knowledge concerning the biology of parasites and their seasonality is a prerequisite for any control strategy. Therefore, epidemiological investigations into the effect of helminths on ruminant livestock production must include I. A vertical section through the age dependent helminthic burden of a representative number of animals of a given population, i.e. the sampling of faeces at regular intervals during the first 18 months of life. II. Investigations into the horizontal development of the helminthic situation, whether soil-transmitted and/or vector-transmitted. a. The seasonal fluctuation of egg excretion from gastrointestinal nematodes. b. The seasonal incidence of nematode larvae on pastures. c. The seasonal survival time of nematodes larvae on pastures. III. The seasonal fluctuation of vector snails and their incidence of infection with trematode larvae. For the economic evaluation of control measures it is necessary that the following parameters should be recorded: The age dependent mortality rate, the development of the average body weight, the birth/slaughter weight, the age at first calving and the calving intervals.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Selective laser trabeculoplasty as adjunctive treatment in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients

Introduction/Objective. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by abnormal production and accumulation of fibrillar, white-gray, ?dandruff-like? material in almost all ocular structures. The aim of this study was to examine effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients. Methods. Thirty-two patients (47 eyes) with medically uncontrolled pseudoexfoliation glaucoma were enrolled. All the patients could not reach target intraocular pressure with maximal tolerated medical therapy before treatment. Selective laser trabeculoplasty was performed with about 100 non-overlapping spots. Intraocular pressure was measured one hour, seven days, four weeks, three, six, twelve, eighteen, and twenty-four months after the procedure. Results. The mean base intraocular pressure was 23.45 mmHg (SD = 3.07). Statistically significant reduction of mean intraocular pressure was observed at all follow-ups except one hour after treatment. Mean intraocular pressure after 24 months was 18.39 mmHg (SD = 1.82). Success, defined as intraocular pressure reduction from base intraocular pressure by more than 20% after 24 months, was achieved in 27 eyes (57.45%). We did not find any influence of sex and age on selective laser trabeculoplasty effects in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients. Baseline intraocular pressure is proved to be a reliable predictor of intraocular pressure-lowering effect, as there was a strong correlation between baseline intraocular pressure and the percentage of reduction of intraocular pressure after 24 months (r = 0.71, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion. Selective laser trabeculoplasty is a safe and effective method for the reduction of intraocular pressure in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients and should be used more often in this challenging form of glaucoma. Baseline intraocular pressure seems to be a reliable predictor of success.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solanum tuberosum LOTID 247236

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Solanum tuberosum<br>Common name(s): Potato<br>Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru<br>Local sample unique identifier: LOTID 247236<br>Method of creation: In-house copy<br>Date: 1970<br>Other identifiers: n/a,CIP 701359<br>Historical: Yes<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Meningioma and schwannoma management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A modern multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas in Crohn’s disease patients

Optimal ECF management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment first includes fluid resuscitation and electrolyte rebalancing with control of sepsis by means of antibiotics and, when indicated, drainage of infected collections. Subsequent therapeutic steps include nutritional support, control of the fistula output and treatment of peristomal skin. Anti-TNF-α therapy seems to have limited utility only after sepsis is resolved and intestinal stenosis excluded. However, ECFs heal in only approximately one-third of cases without surgical intervention. Thus, correct surgical timing combined with adequate nutritional support, sepsis resolution and skin care is considered the appropriate preoperative setting.

Topic: Abdominal Surgery and Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additions to the KERMIT system for transferring binary files through CMS

It is convenient to be able to store binary files on a mainframe computer. The mainframe computer can be used as a bulletin board that may be accessed by anyone owning a personal computer. Files may be left on this bulletin board and downloaded by anybody with legal access to the mainframe. Because of the design of the IBM mainframe, it has not been possible to download binary files. An IBM's communication processor strips off the eighth bit of each incoming byte. This renders binary files meaningless, and has precluded the use of IBM mainframes as a bulletin board.

Topic: Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Should Combination Chemotherapy Serve as the Backbone in Clinical Trials of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer?

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether building upon multidrug chemotherapy regimens represents a viable strategy in pancreatic cancer clinical trial design.MethodsWe performed a pooled analysis of all single-arm phase II studies in which a specific targeted agent (the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab) was added to gemcitabine-based cytotoxic doublets. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included objective response rate, CA-19-9 biomarker response rate, and adverse event frequencies. Kaplan-Meier methods estimated time-to-event end points, whereas the Cox proportional hazard model estimated univariate hazard ratios of death.ResultsFor the 300 patients included in the pooled analysis, median OS was 9.1 months (95% confidence interval, 8.3-10.2). Differences in OS were observed according to patients' baseline performance status (median OS, 10.4 vs 8.6 months for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 vs 1, respectively). Moreover, bevacizumab-related adverse events were not observed at increased frequency with gemcitabine-based doublets compared with historic data.ConclusionsRecognizing the limitations of cross-study comparisons, these results compare favorably to those from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 80303, a phase III trial testing bevacizumab in combination with gemcitabine alone. This is the largest data set available to demonstrate the feasibility of building upon more intensive chemotherapy backbones in clinical trials of novel targeted agents in pancreatic cancer.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data Science Applications in Sustainable Supply Chain

This chapter explores the transformative role of data science in advancing sustainable supply chain management. By leveraging cutting-edge data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, businesses can optimize their supply chain operations, reduce environmental impact, and enhance resource efficiency. The chapter examines key applications of data science in various stages of the supply chain, including demand forecasting, inventory management, logistics optimization, and supplier selection. Additionally, it highlights the integration of sustainability metrics and circular economy principles to drive eco-friendly practices within supply chains. Through case studies and industry examples, the chapter demonstrates how data-driven decision-making can lead to more sustainable, cost-effective, and resilient supply chains, contributing to both business success and environmental stewardship.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Hesperopithecus, the First Anthropoid Primate Found in America

The consumption of opportunistic foods is part of the behavioral repertoire used by hominins for subsistence. The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources is sometimes associated with stressful conditions. But, there are other conditions ...The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources by hunter-gatherers—such as scavenged carcasses—is a well-known subsistence strategy. It is frequently mentioned in the context of the history of early human evolution, but not regularly considered among ...

Topic: Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genomic DNA extraction methods and phylogenetic analysis of Beauveria bassiana from Central Java, Indonesia, and its toxicity against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Background Control techniques using biological control agents such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin have the advantage of not showing any negative impacts on environmental health and safety issues. This study used isolates from B. bassiana collection from Laboratory of Pest Monitoring belonging to Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (LPHP) in Central Java which showed potential in controlling target pest. The problems that still occur are the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the lack of quality testing of collection isolates in LPHP, so that the isolate identification process is still carried out in simple method, and bioassay testing on the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a target pest, is not commonly conducted. The results of bioassay testing can be used to determine the potential of a biological agent to control target pest. Result The two DNA extraction methods showed different results regarding DNA concentration and purity values, but both methods were good and could be used to amplify DNA using PCR. The DNA band was amplified at 500–600 bp using primers ITS 1 and ITS 4. The results of molecular analysis showed that the four isolates of B. bassiana from Central Java were found in the same clade as B. bassiana from South Sumatra, Dhaka, and Oromia, where these isolates showed similar similarities descended from a common ancestor. Genetically, B. bassiana isolates from Central Java show more genetic similarities to B. bassiana isolates from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Quality testing was carried out by calculating the density and germination ability values for LPHP isolates from Sukoharjo (Sukoharjo isolate), Temanggung (Purworejo isolate), and Banyumas (Banyumas and Cilacap isolate), which showed varying results. The bioassay test used three isolates, namely B. bassiana from Sukoharjo, Banyumas, and Cilacap, which were selected based on density values, germination ability, and molecular analysis. The ability to cause death of the three isolates against S. frugiperda showed different results where the isolate from Sukoharjo, Banyumas, and Cilacap caused mortality of 60, 40, and 60%, and the LC 50 value of each isolate was 3.3 × 10 6 , 1.3 × 10 7 , and 3.5 × 10 7 conidia ml −1 , respectively. Conclusion Morphological identification by macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular analysis showed that the isolate from the LPHP collection in Central Java, Indonesia, was B. bassiana . Genetically, the four isolates showed similar characteristics to isolates from South Sumatra, Indonesia. B. bassiana isolates from collections from Central Java showed potentials as a biological control agent against S. frugiperda .

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study of Serum Total Bile Acids in Pregnant Women

&lt;p&gt;Bile stasis, which is one of the hepatobiliary disorders during pregnancy, is manifested by symptoms such as itching, insomnia, fatigue, bleeding, and the amount of total bile acid increases in laboratory tests. Elevation of total bile acids is advantageous not only as a diagnostic criterion, but also as an assessment of fetal risks due to cholestasis.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quantification of fluorescent spots in time series of 3D confocal microscopy images of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites based on the HMAX transform

We present an approach for the quantification of fluorescent spots in time series of 3-D confocal microscopy images of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites of dividing cells. Fluorescent spots are detected based on extracted image regions of highest response using the HMAX transform and prior convolution of the 3-D images with a Gaussian kernel. The sensitivity of the involved parameters was studied and a quantitative evaluation using both 3-D synthetic and 3-D real data was performed. The approach was successfully applied to more than one thousand 3-D confocal microscopy images.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrical Properties of GaSbGa<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and GaSbGaTe Solid Solutions

Abstract Measurements are made of the Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of GaSbGa 2 Te 3 and GaSbGaTe solid solutions as functions of composition and temperature in the range 100 to 550 °K. It is shown that the maximum electron concentration and electrical conductivity are less in the first case due to considerable distortion of the lattice periodicity by the GaTe. A decrease of Hall mobility is observed as the composition is varied and this is attributed to electron scattering by the disordered alloy structure. The mobility varies with temperature approximately as T −1 at high temperatures. This law fails for T &lt; 290 °K due to the electron gas becoming degenerate. The electrons appear to be dominantly scattered by the acoustic lattice vibrations over the temperature range considered.

Topic: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Is the “Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act” a Step in the Right Direction?

On October 22nd, Congress unanimously passed the “Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act.” The law makes certain acts of cruelty against animals federal crimes. Before the federal law was passed, legislation protecting animals was largely a matter reserved for state legislatures. The law was met with praise from both private citizens and animal welfare organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA).

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synergic effect of combined intervention with clindamycin and PPARγ agonist in an HLA-II mouse model of Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis

Abstract Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) is an important human pathogen that can cause a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from self-limiting pharyngitis and impetigo to deeper, life-threatening invasive infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis (NF). An overarching pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and a rapidly progressive tissue destruction lead to significant morbidity and lethal outcomes of GAS NF. Transcriptome profiling of uninfected and GAS infected skin from HLA-II transgenic mouse models of GAS NF revealed strong activation of inflammatory signaling and inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. Specifically, PPARgamma (PPARγ), a lipid ligand-activated transcription factor driving adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, was a significantly inhibited upstream regulator and this inhibition was reflected in downregulation of PPARγ-dependent genes. So far, there are no reports on the role of PPARγ in GAS infections. Here, we explored the potential use of the PPARγ selective synthetic agonist, pioglitazone (PZ), in combination with clindamycin (CLN), as a combined therapeutic approach in vivo in an HLA-II mouse model of GAS NF. Although the mechanism of synergy is not understood, our data demonstrate that combined CLN PZ intervention offers significant advantages over treatment with CLN alone, and uncover a new role for PPARγ in attenuating skin lesions, GAS burden, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels, and weight loss during GAS NF. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the benefits of a combined host- and pathogen-directed treatment approach to ameliorate severity and inflammation during GAS NF.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Germination of three threatened halophytes in Castilla-La Mancha under salt-stress conditions

The influence of incubation temperature, light, and salinity on seed germination of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Senecio auricula, and Lepidium cardamine was studied. Seeds were incubated at constant temperature of 5ºC and fluctuating temperatures of 15-4, 20-7, 25-10, 28-14 y 32-18ºC, both at 12 h-photoperiod and darkness. In fluctuatingtemperature treatments, the highest temperature was programmed to coincide with the light phase. Salt concentration ranged from 0 to 3% NaCl. Seed treatments lasted 30 days. Final germination percentages showed highly significant variations among species. Main effects of temperature, light, and salinity, and interactions of the three factors were highly significant on that parameter as well. Final germination percentage exceeded 68% in all species when seeds were incubated at 20-7ºC, 25-10ºC, 28-14ºC, and 32-18ºC with photoperiod and distilled water. Both percentage and velocity of germination decreased with salt concentration at all temperatures. At 2% NaCl concentration, only A. macrostachyum showed relevant germination percentage (57% at 20-7ºC). Negative correlation between salinity and germination were first manifested at higher temperatures (28-14ºC and 32-18ºC). For most temperatures, A. macrostachyum and L. cardamine seeds reached higher final germination when incubated with photoperiod than in darkness. In S. auricula, however, it was only true for 5ºC. In A. macrostachyum and S. auricula, germination velocity increased when seeds where transferred from hipper-saline solution (4% NaCl) during 6 months to distilled water. That change in salinity conditions also increased final germination of A. macrostachyum seeds when incubated at 15-4ºC. The existence of salt concentrations over 2% NaCl in the natural habitat of the three species studied, may transitorily prevent germination until rainfall reduces salinity in the soil.

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;GSTP1&lt;/i&gt; Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas

Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;GSTP1&lt;/i&gt; Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 110: Topical JAG1, a Notch Activator, Accelerates Closure of Splinted Cutaneous Excisional Wounds in Wild-Type Mice

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK

Topic: Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences