jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Profiling and Sensorial Quality of ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Liberty’, ‘Santana’, and ‘Topaz’ Apples Grown Using Organic and Integrated Production Systems

Apple quality was investigated in the scab-resistant 'Liberty', 'Santana', and 'Topaz' cultivars and the scab-susceptible 'Golden Delicious' cultivar. Trees subjected to the same crop load were cultivated using either an organic (ORG) or an integrated production (IP) system. Physicochemical properties, phenolic content, and sensorial quality of fruit from both systems were compared. There were no significant differences in fruit mass, starch, and total soluble solid content (the latter was higher in ORG 'Liberty') between ORG and IP fruit, whereas significantly higher flesh firmness was found in ORG fruit (except no difference in 'Golden Delicious'). Significantly higher total phenolic content in ORG fruit was found in 'Golden Delicious', whereas differences in other cultivars were not significant. Targeted metabolomic profiling of multiple classes of phenolics confirmed the impact of the production system on the 'Golden Delicious' phenolic profile as higher levels of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, neo- and chlorogenic acids, phloridzin, procyanidin B2+B4, -3-O-glucoside and -3-O-galactoside of quercetin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin being found in ORG fruit. The results obtained suggested that scab resistance influenced the phenolic biosynthesis in relation to the agricultural system. Sensorial evaluation indicated significantly better flavor (except for 'Topaz') and better appearance of IP fruit.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies with influenza virus B of recent human origin. I. Adaptation to the mouse lung.

Summary 1.The biphasic course of adaptation to the mouse lung of a type B influenza virus of recent human origin is described. Inoculation of the virus resulted in the production of extensive pulmonary consolidation and multiplication of virus as determined by hemagglutinin and egg infectivity titrations of bronchial washings. Continued passage resulted in a gradual decrease in consolidation and a depression of multiplication resulting in no demonstrable hemagglutinin and a decrease in egg infectivity titer. A subsequent gradual rise in consolidation and an increase of hemagglutinin and egg infectious particles were found. During the early phases of adaptation, a “functionally deficient” form of virus was produced. 2.A study of the character of the lesion-producing capacity of the unadapted virus revealed that (a) the extent of lung lesions obtained paralleled the dosage of virus inoculated, and (b) the extent of consolidation produced was found to correlate with the production of hemagglutinin units. 3.Continued passage in the chick embryo resulted in a diminished ability of unadapted virus, upon introduction into the mouse lung, to multiply and to produce consolidation.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Back to the Future: Rising to the Semmelweis Challenge in Hand Hygiene

Hand hygiene is the single most important intervention for reducing healthcare associated infections and preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This sentence begins most publications regarding hand hygiene in the medical literature. But why - as we mark 150 years since the publication of Ignaz Semmelweis' landmark monograph on the subject - do we continue to repeat it? One might be tempted to regard it as a truism. However, while tremendous progress has certainly been made in this field, a significant amount of work is yet to be done in both strengthening the evidence regarding the impact of hand hygiene and maximizing its implementation. Hand hygiene cannot yet be taken for granted. This article summarizes historical perspectives, dynamics of microbial colonization and efficacy of hand cleansing methods and agents, elements and impacts of successful hand hygiene promotion, as well as scale-up and sustainability. We also explore hand hygiene myths and current challenges such as monitoring, behavior change, patient participation and research priorities.

Topic: Infection Control in Healthcare
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Linguistic Semiotic Features in Interior Furnishing Design

\nLinguistic semiotics has had a huge impact on the development of humanities, especially in architecture and design. There is a close relationship between architecture and language, design and language. As a new subdivision of interior design, interior furnishing design belongs to architectural space, and this connection is inherent. But little research has been undertaken by interior furnishing designers on these issues. This research discusses the relationship between interior furnishing design and language through the research method of case study. The conclusion of this research is that the interior furnishing design and language have a one-to-one similarity in four aspects: formal elements (vocabulary), structural elements (grammar), meaning elements (semantics), and environment elements (context). Therefore, the linguistic semiotic perspective of interior furnishing design will become a powerful tool for people to understand interior furnishing design, as well as an important means for designers to express their creative thinking.\n

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[Effect of sheng mai san on lipid peroxidation in acute myocardial infarction patients].

The effect of Sheng Mai San (SMS) on the coronary heart disease (CHD) patients (30 angina pectoris and 68 acute myocardial infarction, AMI) and its peroxidation damage was studied. It was shown that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood were decreased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma was increased in CHD patients in comparison with the healthy controls (P < 0.001). When SMS was orally administered in 38 AMI patients, both SOD and GSH-Px activities were increased and the level of MDA decreased (P < 0.05), and these changes were even more significant when SMS was further ingested for another two weeks (P < 0.001). At the same time, it was found that the changes of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA in the control group (30 AMI patients not taking SMS) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). It could be assumed that the pathogenesis of CHD is associated with free radical (FR) triggering a chain reaction of the lipid peroxidation, and that SMS is acting as an effective free radical scavenger, which would ameliorate the lipid peroxidation damage. Thus, SMS could be administered in the prevention and the treatment of CHD.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Morphology and germination of Aegiphila brachiata Vell.: potential species for ecological restoration in atlantic forest

Aegiphila brachiata is a forest native Brazilian species, known as peloteiro, with high capacity for biomass production and resistance to disturbances, having potential use in degraded ecosystems. Seeing the scarcity of studies on the species, we aimed to determine the morphobiometric characteristics of fruits, seeds and seedlings; and evaluate its germination potential. We determined physical characteristics of fruits and seeds, morphological description of seeds, germination stages and seedling development. Germination was in a completely randomized design (factorial scheme), with three temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) and two methods of overcoming dormancy (partial and total endocarp removal). Fruits are indehiscent, fleshy, with persistent calyx. The pyrene is constituted by endocarp and seeds. Germination is hypogeal, and seedling cryptocotyledonary. Results show that removing the endocarp with the unprecedented methodology used is a suitable method to overcome mechanical dormancy (with 25 and 30°C), showing potential of the method for applicability in several species.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Traumatic hematomas of the adrenal glands: CT and US findings in 3 cases].

Traumatic hematomas of the adrenal gland are but little known; they are but seldom discussed in literature, and can be demonstrated only by US and CT due to their small size. These lesions are mostly located on the right side, probably following a direct trauma of the adrenal parenchyma against vertebral bodies, or as a result of the rupture of medullary sinusoids for a sharp rise in pressure into the inferior vena cava, during trauma. Bilateral traumatic hematomas can cause severe adrenal failure, and the healing is slow, without calcifications, and takes several months. Three new cases are reported, unilateral on the right adrenal bed. In 2 patients CT demonstrated a slight parenchymal enlargement after thoraco-abdominal traumas; the patients were young and healthy, and the lesions completely disappeared in some years. US detected a third hematoma in a young woman with suspected metastasis from ovarian carcinoma: CT confirmed the parenchymal swelling, and a percutaneous transhepatic biopsy clarified the diagnosis. Adrenal hematomas are to be reported in order to avoid confusing them with neoplastic lesions, even though only percutaneous biopsy allows a quick and reliable diagnosis.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Throwing Away the Key: An Examination of the Renaissance of Preventive Detention in New Zealand

&lt;p&gt;The indeterminate sentence of preventive detention has experienced a renaissance in New Zealand since the 1980s. What was once a seldom used, emergency provision intended for application to the most dangerous offenders in our society, is now used with alarming frequency: while fifteen offenders served sentences of preventive detention in 1981, the number had risen to 263 by 2014. This thesis seeks to explore the forces driving the renaissance of preventive detention in New Zealand. Throughout advanced liberal democracies, there has been a shift toward risk driven penal policy. Significant social, political, and economic changes in these societies from the 1980s onwards - such as the neoliberal reforms, and the associated uncaging of risk; social liberation and restructuring; and the cultivation of lifestyles; have contributed to, and exacerbated ontological insecurity and anxiety. The delegation of risk by the state to the individual has produced the variety of benefits and opportunities it was intended for, however it has also left people feeling insecure about their safety and wellbeing within the modern society, knowing that the shrunken state is unwilling, or unable to intervene and protect them. The expansion of preventive detention is an example of the state stepping in and performing a ‘spectacular rescue’ (Pratt and Anderson, 2016: 12). The revival and expansion of preventive detention has been part of the response of the New Zealand government to the intolerable risk of irreparable and irredeemable harm, posed by violent and sexual offenders in particular. The significant increase in the use of preventive detention is representative of a wider trend of risk driven penal policy throughout the main English speaking societies. While the parallel strand of punitive penal policy has been explored in great depth, the trend toward risk driven penal policy has elicited less focus. Within the literature, there is a lack of identification of risk driven penal policy as a separate strand of development, subject to a separate line of inquiry. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on the influence of risk, exploring it as the driving force behind the revival of preventive detention.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Starting a Gastroenterology Fellowship Training Program on Patient Access to Care

Introduction: Limited access to medical specialists is an important challenge in healthcare. Data shows the average Medicaid/Medicare patient can wait from 9.9 to 19.5 days to see various subspecialists in the outpatient setting. Delays in access can lead to increased patient mortality, frequent ER visits, and hospitalizations. Though several groups have assessed the quality of medical care in both residencies and fellowships, no study has analyzed how the initiation of a training program can increase the access to quality medical care. One retrospective cross-sectional study that looked at the effect of a new gastroenterology fellowship on quality in screening colonoscopies only compared cases in which fellows participated to those where faculty only participated. In this study, we analyzed the effect that a new gastroenterology fellowship had on patient access to a subspecialty clinic. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at an academic hospital-based gastroenterology fellowship program. Clinic attendance from the beginning of a new gastroenterology fellowship on July 1, 2016 through May 22, 2018 was compared with data from the 24 months preceding the fellowship program. Statistics regarding total visits scheduled, total visits completed, no shows, and cancellations were analyzed. Results: Over the two years of the fellowship, there was a total of 1242 completed clinic visits compared with only 224 from the previous two years (Table 1). The no show rate decreased from 38.3% to 23.4%. The cancellation rate decreased from 47.4% to 35.9%. Patients were 10.89 times more likely to leave the clinic without being seen prior to the start of the fellowship program. Conclusion: In the first two years of a new gastroenterology fellowship, over 1000 additional clinic visits were completed compared to the previous two years. The decreases in the no show rate and cancellation rate may be reflective of improved provider-patient relationships due to increased continuity. With the addition of a third class of gastroenterology fellows, we expect for these numbers to continue to improve.2877 Figure 1 No Caption available.

Topic: Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Application and effectiveness evaluation of the information system-based RBRVS performance allocation model in a digestive endoscopy center

Objective: To improve work enthusiasm and medical service quality for gastrointestinal endoscopists. Taking the Resource Based Relative Valae Scale （RBRVS） performance allocation model as a reference, we used the informatization graphic workstation as a basis to construct and implement a performance appraisal system which is suitable for our Endoscopy Department. Subsequently, we assessed the application results of the performance reform. Methods: Based on the RBRVS theory, the informatization graphic workstation was used to automatically calculate physician workload and conduct quantitative assessment. One gastroscopy was used as the minimum workload unit and every endoscopic diagnosis and treatment was quantified into multiple gastroscopies according to different technical levels. Next, the actual value of each gastroscope was assessed based on different job titles. Then we compared the work efficiency before and after the reform. Results: Following informatization performance reform, the number of endoscopy examinations and number of surgeries significantly increased, while the length of hospital stay of gastrointestinal endoscopy patients was significantly shortened (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Informatization performance reform improves department work efficiency, reflects the labor value of gastrointestinal endoscopists. The principles of more work leading to more reward, equality, and fairness, and should be promoted.

Topic: Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Three Species of the Genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)

The 65 species of the genus Microtus have unusual sex-related genetic features and a high rate of karyotype variation. However, only nine complete mitogenomes for these species are currently available. We describe the complete mitogenome sequences of three Microtus, which vary in length from 16,295 bp to 16,331 bp, contain 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The length of the 13 PCGs and the coded proteins is the same in all three species, and the start and stop codons are conserved. The non-coding regions include the L-strand origin of replication, with the same sequence of 35 bp, and the control region, which varies between 896 bp and 930 bp in length. The control region includes three domains (Domains I, II and III) with extended termination-associated sequences (ETAS-1 and ETAS-2) in Domain I. Domain II and Domain III include five (CSB-B, C, D, E and F) and three (CSB-1, CSB-2, and CSB-3) conserved sequence blocks, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial genomes of all the available Microtus species and one representative species from another genus of the Arvicolinae subfamily reproduced the established phylogenetic relationships for all the Arvicolinae genera that were analyzed.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DNA Origami‐Enabled Engineering of Ligand–Drug Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract Effective drug delivery systems that can systematically and selectively transport payloads to disease cells remain a challenge. Here, a targeting ligand‐modified DNA origami nanostructure (DON) as an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC)‐like carrier for targeted prostate cancer therapy is reported. Specifically, DON of six helical bundles is modified with a ligand 2‐[3‐(1,3‐dicarboxy propyl)‐ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA) against prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), to serve as the antibody for drug conjugation in ADC. Doxorubicin (Dox) is then loaded to DON through intercalation to dsDNA. This platform features in spatially controllable organization of targeting ligands and high drug loading capacity. With this nanocomposite, selective delivery of Dox to the PSMA+ cancer cell line LNCaP is readily achieved. The consequent therapeutic efficacy is critically dependent on the numbers of targeting ligand assembled on DON. This target‐specific and biocompatible drug delivery platform with high maximum tolerated doses shows immense potential for developing novel nanomedicine.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Presenting With Status Epilepticus That Neurosyphilis: Case Report

Syphilis; which is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the agent Treponema Pallidum has been seen less frequently with penicillin therapy. In recent years, with the emergence of HIV infection and the increasing number of patients with immune deficiency, syphilis has started being seen frequently and gained importance. If the patients with primary and secondary syphilis are not treated, approximately 7-9% of them may develop neurosyphilis. Meningovasculary syphilis is characterized with conditions such as hemiparesis, aphasia, visual loss, confusion that are caused by cortical and subcortical infarcts. Thirty-six year old male and 35-year-old male patients presented to our hospital with status epilepticus. We decided to discuss neurosyphilis cases with literature that presented with generalized seizures, mental confusion, hemiparesis and had MRI findings compatible with herpes simplex encephalitis and lesions that disappeared with antibiotic therapy. J Neurol Res. 2012;2(3):104-108 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jnr102w

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protective effect of triflusal and acetylsalicylic acid against arachidonic acid induced cerebrovascular occlusion in anesthetized rats.

Within 60 sec after intracarotid injection of 0.33 mg/kg arachidonic acid, a pronounced attenuation of electrocortical activity, approaching electrocerebral silence, was induced in the ipsilateral hemisphere of anesthetized and heparinized rats. This effect was a consequence of the cerebrovascular occlusion due to platelet aggregates induced by arachidonic acid. This model has been used to evaluate the protective effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and of triflusal 2 hr after a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg or after 50 mg/kg, for 5 days. Pentylenetetrazol at 10 mg/kg, i.v. exerts a stimulant effect on CNS, and was used as a positive control. ASA and triflusal exhibit a protective effect in about 35% of animals when acutely administered. After chronic treatments (5 days), the effect of triflusal (60% protection) was superior to that of ASA (27% protection) (p less than 0.01).

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comprehension and Experience of Acne Treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine Facial Mask of Bai Zhi (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Radix Angelicae Formosanae&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) and Bai Fu Zi (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Rhizoma Typhonii Gigantei&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) as the Basis Formula by External Application

Acne is a kind of commonly-encountered and frequently-occurring disease that influences people’s beautiful outlook and mood easily. Acne’s etiological factors are related closely to living habits, food habits, psychological factor, environmental factor, endocrine, genetic factor, improper use to cosmetics, and so on. Under the condition of worrying about that chemical drugs treatment induces another kind of sequelae, the cosmetology of traditional Chinese medicine has been more and more paid attention. For the non-fine mouthfeel by TCM oral use and the inconvenience of decocting, the application of external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine facial mask has been more widespread. The traditional Chinese medicine facial mask of Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Formosanae) and Baifuzi (Rhizoma Typhonii Gigantei) as the basis formula can directly protect, recondition and ameliorate acne.

Topic: Morinda citrifolia extract uses
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL FAN BY USING FEM

The forward backward curved (mixed) Centrifugal fan 630 has been analyzed aerodynamically for compare experimental results with simulation results by using ANSYS FLUENT (Finite Element Analysis Software). The material of the fan impeller was specified as ALUMINIUM. Boundary conditions on the Centrifugal fan-630 are taken from the reference. The flow distribution across the fan is obtained. The maximum static pressure at the inlet is known and the pressure distributions across the blade are obtained accordingly. The obtained results are compared with Experimental results is discussed. In final recommended the design of the centrifugal fan and results are tabulated. It’s observed that simulation results are nearer to the experimental results.

Topic: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences