jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increasing soil temperature in a northern hardwood forest: effects on elemental dynamics and primary productivity

To investigate the effects of elevated soil temperatures on a forest ecosystem, heating cables were buried at a depth of 5 cm within the forest floor of a northern hardwood forest at the Huntington Wildlife Forest (Adirondack Mountains, New York). Temperature was elevated 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5?C above ambient, during May - September in both 1993 and 1994. Various aspects of forest ecosystem dynamics were studied, including soil solution chemistry (lysimeters at 15 and 50 cm depths), trace gas flux (closed box technique), decomposition of maple and American beech litter, and tree seed germination. A preliminary experiment showed that there was less effect on soil solution chemistry when cables were buried at 5 versus 15 cm depths. The soil warming plots experienced negligible disturbance effects associated with installation of heating cables. Nitrate concentrations were elevated in the highest temperature treatment. Carbon dioxide flux was positively correlated with soil temperature, as was the decomposition rate for American beech litter. In heated plots, germination of Pinus strobes (white pine) was positively correlated with soil temperature.

Topic: Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Acceptability of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Scheme in Malaysia

Today’s competitive global environment has led governments around the world to seek new ways to finance projects, build infrastructure and deliver services. Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is increasingly being used as a tool to bring together the strengths of both sectors, public and private to facilitate the delivery of projects and services. However, the new PFI Scheme introduced by the Government of Malaysia through the Ninth Malaysia-Plan in the delivery of public infrastructure is subject to criticisms, in particular when the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) was used as a main source of project financing. The study presented in this paper investigates the acceptability of PFI in Malaysia, taking into consideration factors contributing to success, negative factors, and key differences between PFI and the traditional forms of procurement. Empirical research was undertaken based on a questionnaire survey to public and private sectors in Malaysia. In total 60, valid responses were received, constituting a response rate of 45 per cent. The results were analysed by means of various statistical methods. The study disclosed that 97 percent (public) strongly disagree that EPF was the main source of project financing in implementing PFI projects in Malaysia.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The investigation of drug repurposing for HDAC1 inhibitory effects by in silico and in vitro methods

Background and Aims:Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. The imbalance in chromatin acetylation and dysregulation of histone deacetylases are challenging in many pathologies, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. Computer-based in silico methods are becoming increasingly important in the determination of therapeutic targets and the development of personalized treatment approaches. This study aimed to investigate the HDAC1 inhibitory effects of chronic prescription drugs using in silico and in vitro methods.Methods:Five chronically used prescription drugs were chosen: ipratropium bromide, metoprolol, leflunomide, nateglinide, and levothyroxine. Molecular docking was performed for each of the chosen drugs as well as the known inhibitor Trichostatin A on HDAC1. The binding pose with the best scores was saved for each compound and analyzed for its interaction with the protein. An HDAC1 inhibitor screening assay kit was used to determine the IC50 value for each drug.Results:The IC50 values for HDAC1 inhibition by ipratropium bromide, metoprolol, leflunomide, nateglinide, and levothyroxine were found to be 352.10 μM, 255.70 μM, 219.80 μM, 289.50 μM, and 132.70 μM, respectively, whereas the value for the positive control Trichostatin A was 36.13 nM. GraphPad Prism 5 was used to conduct statistical analyses.Conclusion:In this study, the in vitro HDAC1 inhibitory effect of ipratropium bromide, metoprolol, leflunomide, nateglinide, and levothyroxine is shown for the first time. In silico and in vitro methodologies used to show HDAC1 inhibitory activity in marketed drugs can provide insight into new drug discovery studies against cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hyperbaric hyperoxia reversibly inhibits erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid turnover

The present study is one component of a comprehensive investigation of oxygen tolerance of tissues and organs in normal human subjects. The focus of this study was the acylation of membrane phospholipid in situ by erythrocytes. Activation of exogenous [9,10–3H]oleic acid to acyl thioester and transesterification of the acyl thioester into phospholipid by intact human erythrocytes incubated in vitro decreased 30% after exposure of 10 human subjects to hyperbaric hyperoxia (100% O2, 3 ATA, 3.5 h). Partial recovery of activity could be detected when additional cells were obtained from these subjects and assayed in vitro 24 h after cessation of exposure. No significant change in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition was detected under these conditions. The reduced glutathione content of intact erythrocytes increased by 15% after hyperbaric hyperoxia and remained elevated 24 h after exposure. In isolated membranes prepared from the same cells activation of [9,10–3H]oleic acid to acyl thioester and its transesterification into phospholipid did not change after hyperoxia. Since the ability of intact cells to replace oxidized fatty acids in membrane phospholipids via deacylation and reacylation in situ may be necessary for the maintenance of membrane integrity during exposure to oxidative stress, the decrease in [9,10–3H]oleic acid incorporation by human erythrocytes detected in vitro after hyperbaric hyperoxia in vivo may reflect an early event in the pathogenesis of oxygen-induced cellular injury and may be a useful index for assessment of the tolerance of tissues to hyperoxia.

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fauna and Monthly Activity of Sand Flies at Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmanianisis Focus in Qomrooddistrict of Qom Province in 2009

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background and Objectives:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a parasitological disease transmitted by female sand flies. There are several endemic foci of disease in different parts of Iran. The disease is mostly reported from central part of Qom Province including the villages Ghanavat and Qomrood. It is clear that knowledge on sand flies ecologyhas the main role in planning the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). This study was carried out to determinecutaneous leishmaniasis vectors in Gomrood district of Qom provincein 2009. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional one conducted on sand flies (the leishmaiosis vectors). It was carried out in Qomrood area of central district of Qom province during 2009. Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors (bed rooms, stables, etc.) and outdoors-rodent burrows of three villages in Gomrood district, using 180 sticky traps (castor oil coated white paper 20 x 32 cm) from the beginning (May) to the end (November) of the active season. For species identification, sand flies were mounted in Puri’s medium and identified after 24 hours using the keys of Theodor and Mesghali (1964).&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 10252 adult sand flies (4578 from indoors and 5674 from outdoors) were collected and identified during May and November 2009. The following seven species were found in indoors: Phlebotomuspapatasi (86.1%), p. salehi (0.021%), P. sergenti (1.74%), p. caucasicus (1.26%), p. alexandri(0.24%), Sergentomyiasintoni (10.35%) and S. theodori(0.26%). The collected species of oudoors were Phlebotomuspapatasi (54.67%), P. sergenti (0.35%), p. alexandri(0.035%), S. sintoni (44.02%) S. dentata (0.21%) S. clydei (0.19%), S. theodori (0.46%) and S. pawlowski (0.05%). The most common sand flies in indoors and outdoors resting places were P. papatasi and S. sintoni. P. salehi was the lowest collected species in Gomrood district. The active peaks of sand flies were observed in late May and late August.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sex ratio i.e. number of males/100 females of P. papatasi was calculated to be 241.5 and 307.3 in indoors and rodent burrows, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Our entomological survey showed that P. papatasi was the dominant species in indoors and outdoors. It seems this species can be probable vector for ZCL in the study area. Nevertheless, it is necessary that more studies are suggested (specially using molecular methods) in order to determinethe proven vector (s).&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid Discrimination of Panax quinquefolium and Panax ginseng Using the Proofman-Duplex-LMTIA Technique

This study aims to establish a rapid identification method based on the Proofman-LMTIA technique for distinguishing between Panax quinquefolium and Panax ginseng. By targeting specific 18S rDNA sequences, suitable primers and Proofman probes labeled FAM or JOE were designed for LMTIA. Initially, single-species-primer Proofman-LMTIA assays were performed separately for each ginseng type to optimize reaction temperature, assess sensitivity and specificity, and determine the detection limit. Subsequently, both sets of primers and their corresponding probes were combined in the same reaction system to further optimize reaction conditions, evaluate sensitivity, and assess stability. Finally, the developed Proofman-duplex-LMTIA technique was employed to detect P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng slices available in the market. Single-plex Proofman-LMTIA assays revealed that the optimal reaction temperature for both P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng was 62 °C. The sensitivity was as low as 1 pg/μL, with a detection limit of 0.1%, and both showed excellent specificity. The optimal temperature for Proofman-duplex-LMTIA assays was 58 °C. This method could simultaneously identify P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng. Testing 6 samples of P. ginseng and 11 samples of P. quinquefolium from the market resulted in a 100% positive rate for all samples. This study successfully established a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific Proofman-duplex-LMTIA identification method for P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng. It provides an effective means for quality control of P. quinquefolium, P. ginseng, and related products.

Topic: Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Awareness of Policyholder in Life Insurance Corporation Policies

When it comes to economic growth and development, the insurance business is often regarded as one of the most crucial sectors, especially in a country like India. Awareness-raising is a critical component of an integrated strategy for expanding the insurance market. There was a rising knowledge of the benefits and viability of life insurance in the 19th century, but many Indians still believed that purchasing such a policy meant intentionally courting death. Despite the fact that insurance provides invaluable protection for everyone, life insurance is frequently referred to as "Registration for Death" in the local languages of India. Identifying the demographics of the sample population and gauging policyholders' knowledge with LIC's services are the key objectives of this research. This study provides inspiration for raising brand awareness among consumers. Primary information is needed for the research. Three hundred policyholders were interviewed using a predetermined interview schedule and a basic random sample technique to collect primary data. The growth of the Indian economy relies heavily on the life insurance industry. Life insurance is a company that provides consumers with long-term financial solutions.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Precision Agriculture: UAV-Based Soil Mapping and Remote Sensing Applications

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with remote sensing cameras that measure the electromagnetic spectrum of light reflected back from the ground below, this technology does soil mapping and field analysis. The way that different elements reflect different light wavelengths can be used to identify them. Reams of data on those wavelengths are gathered by multispectral image sensors, which power sophisticated AI software that can identify even the smallest variations in the elemental composition of soil. There are numerous positives to soil mapping, including helping farmers choose the best crops, applying the right fertilizers, and scheduling irrigation. Soil mapping also makes it easier to create plans for soil conservation and restoration that work. UAVs facilitate rapid deployment, enabling data collection near end-users, while delivering a more comprehensive and precise dataset compared to traditional camera-based methods. This study will provide effective technical support and decision-making assistance for future agricultural land planning.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dislocation Structure and Mobility in Hcp Rare-Gas Solids: Quantum versus Classical

We study the structural and mobility properties of edge dislocations in rare-gas crystals with the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure by using classical simulation techniques. Our results are discussed in the light of recent experimental and theoretical studies on hcp 4 He, an archetypal quantum crystal. According to our simulations classical hcp rare-gas crystals present a strong tendency towards dislocation dissociation into Shockley partials in the basal plane, similarly to what is observed in solid helium. This is due to the presence of a low-energy metastable stacking fault, of the order of 0.1 mJ/m 2 , that can get further reduced by quantum nuclear effects. We compute the minimum shear stress that induces glide of dislocations within the hcp basal plane at zero temperature, namely, the Peierls stress, and find a characteristic value of the order of 1 MPa. This threshold value is similar to the Peierls stress reported for metallic hcp solids (Zr and Cd) but orders of magnitude larger than the one estimated for solid helium. We find, however, that in contrast to classical hcp metals but in analogy to solid helium, glide of edge dislocations can be thermally activated at very low temperatures, T∼10 K, in the absence of any applied shear stress.

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Composers and “Microgénie”: A Study of the Symphonic Sound of French Cinema in the Thirties

Abstract During the thirties, French cinema was mostly accompanied by small symphonic orchestras. Through the theoretical writings on “microgénie” (i.e., quality of a composition well-written for the microphone) and the scores of Arthur Honegger, we will try to define a conception of cinematic orchestral sound of this neoclassical composer and his contemporaries. While studying the number of musicians and the orchestral parts, the microphone positioning, the diversity of orchestral devices, and some musical writing principles, we will distinguish a “French film music sound” from the Hollywood orchestral sound of the same period.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Successful treatment of a <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae-</i>associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome by eculizumab

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a rare complication of invasive infection by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (SP-HUS), especially in adults. Here we report an unusual case of a 53-year-old man presenting SP-HUS with severe multivisceral involvement. After failure of supportive care and plasma exchanges, eculizumab (anti-C5 antibody) resulted in a favourable outcome.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Colonial legacies and the decolonisation discourse in post-apartheid South Africa : a reflective analysis of student activism in Higher Education

This article presents a wide range of factors that arguably underwrite South Africa’s&#13;\nhigher education institutions’ governance crisis. It highlights overcrowding,&#13;\ninfrastructure deficiencies in the form of inadequate accommodation, shortfalls in&#13;\nknowledge resources such as libraries as well as Information and Communication&#13;\nTechnology, inequitable access, racial inequality and weak funding mechanisms&#13;\nas the primary causes of violent student protests. Since 1994 attempts towards&#13;\ntransformation of the South African education system within the developmental&#13;\nstate approach continued under complex socio-economic, political and legal&#13;\ncontexts. In spite of the ambitious new policy framework that espouses progressive&#13;\nquality education for all citizens, evidence shows that the state has demonstrated&#13;\nits limitations in mobilising requisite operational resources and creating the&#13;\nconducive settings to fulfil this mandate in higher education. Currently, universities&#13;\nare experiencing violent and disruptive student protests, reminiscent of the predemocratic&#13;\nstudent uprisings of the 1970s and 1980s. This trend has the potential to&#13;\nerode institutional viability due to vandalism and related forms of insurgencies in the&#13;\naffected universities. Elitist commentaries have highlighted the contradistinction of&#13;\ngovernment’s grand transformational intentions against the material conditions that&#13;\nobtain at the various campuses in South African universities. This article argues that,&#13;\nwhile there could be several major limitations towards effective transformation,&#13;\nthe absence of a comprehensive and sustainable systems-level policy framework is&#13;\nparamount. This has led to piece-meal isolationist implementation of institutional&#13;\nstrategic initiatives that, in most instances, have continued to harbour remnants&#13;\nof an inequitable apartheid education system. The article concedes that recurrent&#13;\ncollapsed stakeholder negotiations have legitimised untenable circumstances of heavy-handedness on the part of security agents and student violence.&#13;\nNotwithstanding its starting point, it turns to corroborate the notion of stakeholder&#13;\nmandates and façade transformation as the primary governance conundrums for&#13;\nSouth Africa’s higher education institutions.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aperture limitation localization using beam position and beam loss monitor measurements

The efficiency of beam injection in circular accelerators can be impacted by unknown aperture limitations in the vacuum chamber. These limitations can be detected by introducing localized distortions to the closed orbit of the circulating beam observed at beam position monitors (BPMs). The localized nature of introduced closed orbit distortions enables targeted identification of loss regions. In this paper, we present a method for localizing beam losses designed primarily for circular electron accelerators using a set of sequentially placed scintillator-based beam loss monitors (BLMs). By moving these monitors along the accelerator lattice, the proposed technique achieves sub-meter spatial resolution in beam loss localization. Relative calibration of the BLMs was performed using a strontium-90 radioactive source. We report experimental results from the implementation of this method at the VEPP-4M collider.

Topic: Antenna Design and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LISBON REGION BETWEEN 2014-2018 AT ENTRECAMPOS AND LARANJEIRAS STATIONS

Background: Climate change is one of the main threats to sustainable development. Climate plays an important role in determining air quality standards at various scales, in time and space since emissions are influenced by meteorological variables such as temperature, humidity, speed, and wind direction. Emissions from road traffic come from the combustion process, with the consequent release of exhaust gases. Air pollution in many countries is getting worse with industrialization and urbanization. Climate change can directly or indirectly affect the incidence and severity of respiratory infections. The existence of different types of stations operating in the same network of monitoring of the air quality (RMQAr) allows an evaluation at different scales, thus facilitating the evaluation of air quality and its management.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the variation of the concentrations of five pollutants:  nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 2, 5 (PM2,5), and particulate matter less than 10 (PM10), from the year 2014 to 2018 in two different air quality stations, Entrecampos, an urban station where its type of influence is car traffic and that of Laranjeiro, an urban station and its type of influence is the background.
Methods:  This work is based on air quality data extracted from the QualAR Online Database of the Portuguese Environment Agency.
Results: In this work, we observed that the concentration of NO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 is always higher in the air quality station of Entrecampos (EQAE) and the opposite happens with the O3 in the air quality station in Laranjeiro (EQAL). It was found that there is great variability in the concentration of these pollutants throughout the seasons and days since they are influenced by weather conditions and natural and anthropogenic sources.
Conclusion(s): Systematically monitoring the concentrations of pollutants over time allows us to obtain important information about their location and geographical and spatial dispersion that can be used to study possible risk sites, to minimize emission sources, or adapt solutions to reduce their values.
 
Presenter e-mail: supaixao@estescoimbra.pt

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences