jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3. The Role of Seaweed Chemical Defenses in the Evolution of Feeding Specialization and in the Mediation of Complex Interactions

Chapter 3. The Role of Seaweed Chemical Defenses in the Evolution of Feeding Specialization and in the Mediation of Complex Interactions was published in Ecological Roles of Marine Natural Products on page 93.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Robinson Crusoe's literary descendants

Robinson Crusoe's literary descendants Get access W. C. B. W. C. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-XII, Issue 291, 24 July 1909, Page 79, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-XII.291.79a Published: 24 July 1909

Topic: Travel Writing and Literature
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes in electrophysiologic properties of the conductive system of the heart in children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia after 2–8 years following radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway

Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway is an effective method of treatment in children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The aim of our study was to evaluate anterograde conduction properties in children before and after radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway and to determine the efficacy and safety of this method. Material and methods. Noninvasive transesophageal electrophysiological examination was performed in 30 patients at the follow-up period (mean duration, 3.24 years) after radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway. Results. The slow pathway function was observed in 13 patients one day after ablation, in 26 patients during the follow-up period, and in 28 patients after administration of atropine sulfate. Atrioventricular node conduction was significantly decreased the following day after ablation and at the follow-up versus the preablation (165.2 [30.2] bmp and 146.3 [28.5] bpm versus 190.9 [31.4] bpm; P&lt;0.001). The atrioventricular node effective refractory period prolonged significantly the following day after ablation and at the follow-up versus the preablation (319.3 [55.3] ms and 351.0 [82.1] ms versus 248.3 [36.6] ms; P&lt;0.001). Effective refractory period of the fast pathway prolonged significantly as compared with the preablation (from 408.0 [60.4] ms to 481.2 [132.9] ms; P=0.005). The prolongation of effective refractory period of the slow pathway was more significant than effective refractory period of the fast pathway at the follow-up (P&lt;0.001). Two late recurrences occurred; one patient had atrial tachycardia. Conclusion. Children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia can be effectively and safety cured by ablative therapy. The end-point during slow pathway ablation should be the abolition of tachycardia with preservation of dual atrioventricular nodal physiology.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transnational employability and the university – work transition for Australian international graduates

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis dissertation focuses on the central debates surrounding the nexus of the demand for graduates in the market, the macro policy effect, and the role of university education in addressing contemporary issues related to international graduate attributes and dispositions required in workplace.\n\t\t\t\t

Topic: Higher Education and Employability
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrophobia's Doppelgänger: Toward a Literary History of Emotions in Early American Rabies Narratives

This essay explores how phobia emerged as a familiar medical diagnostic in the United States and Atlantic world in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Before phobia developed into a variable suffix that could attach to different objects and ideas, its meaning took shape in literature on rabies. Until the late 1800s, the common name for rabies among English speakers was hydrophobia. Transliterated from the Greek, the term was used to designate a dread of liquids, prompted by difficulties in swallowing-a symptom doctors considered the most familiar form the disease took. By the late eighteenth century a diagnostic twist had taken effect: many physicians agreed that one could acquire hydrophobia without being bitten. Doctors called this subspecies "spontaneous hydrophobia." This article argues that phobia's variability as a concept grew in dialogue with case studies documenting the phenomenon of spontaneous rabies.

Topic: Gothic Literature and Media Analysis
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Selective inhibition of microcirculation in tumor tissue by manipulated blood pressure reduction].

It was shown on the DS-carcinosarcoma of rat that NAD-induced blood pressure reduction to 50% of the initial value is followed by a selective compression ischemia in the tumor tissue. In this period that can be prolonged to at least 10 min by infusion of NAD the microcirculation in the tumor tissue is almost completely inhibited. Determinations of the blood volume confirm the results obtained bei O. D. measurements. The significance of this finding and its eventual utilization (cancer therapy) are discussed.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Armenian Women In Jordan

Armenians are among the smallest ethnic minorities in Jordan and have been in the country for a fairly long period of time. This paper will deal mainly with the position and role of Armenian women in Jordanian society by reviewing their general characteristics, social and economic status (based on data from a recent study about Armenians in Jordan), using indicators that reflect their position and role in the concerned areas from a gendered perspective.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Eye Color and Motor Performance in Physical Education Activities in Elementary School Children

251 elementary school children in Grades 1 to 6 performed a variety of motor tasks in physical education classes to investigate whether eye color was associated with performance on the expectation that dark-eyed individuals generally perform better at reactive type tasks (boxing, hitting a baseball, defensive football) while light-eyed individuals perform better at self-paced tasks (bowling, golf, pitching baseballs). Eye color was not associated with standing-long jump, soft-ball throw, or 50-, 75-, 100-yd. dashes. Boys generally performed better than girls and older children in upper grades generally performed better than younger children in lower grades. As measured, all motor performances cannot be classified as either self-paced or reactive.

Topic: Sports and Physical Education Research
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Use Case Specification for Upper-limb Rehabilitation with FES and Exoskeleton

The goal of this research is to support the disabled who want to restore upper limb motor function lost by stroke, injury or other causes. These days, existing companies, utilizing traditional technologies for sensing and actuating devices, are facing a new market trend which is integration of artificial intelligence technology. Our work aims to facilitate AT-HOME automated rehabilitation which demands smart and safe adaptation of rehabilitative systems. This paper presents the scope of our project, an application scenario including activities of daily living (ADL), and extracted use cases for this project.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Strain and Damage on Strain-Sensing Ability of Carbon Fiber Cement

The strain-sensing ability of carbon fiber cement, as based on piezoresistivity, remains in the presence of damage, although the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) is affected by strain and damage. The longitudinal gauge factor is diminished by compressive strain by up to 70% and by damage by up to 25%. The magnitude of the transverse gauge factor is diminished by strain by up to 60% and by up to 25% by minor damage not accompanied by irreversible strain, but it is increased by up to 120% by major damage accompanied by irreversible strain. The gauge factor, whether longitudinal or transverse, is reduced in magnitude as the specimen size increases (by 13to51mm).

Topic: Smart Materials for Construction
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structures and properties of hemiquinone-substituted oxoporphyrinogens

The structure and physical properties of a series of N-substituted, hemiquinone-substituted oxoporphyrinogens is presented and discussed. Structures of the compounds are dictated by the nature of the substituent, with the substitution pattern being in turn dictated by regioselectivity of N-alkylation. X-ray crystallography and other aggregation properties of the compounds are discussed. Redox reactions are also strongly influenced by N-substitution and substituent identity. Also presented are properties related to guest binding and photophysical properties of oligochromophoric host-guest complexes, involving oxoporphyrinogen, N-substituted with porphyrins and appropriately substituted fullerene guest electron acceptors.

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFFECT OF THREE LEVELS OF VENTILATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROPONIC BARLEY

A wooden semi-controlled environment chamber was used to detect the effect of ventilation on the growth of hydroponic barley. Three successive experiments were carried out under three levels of powers of blowers: 1.7, 3.4 and 5W (each experiment corresponds to one level). In each experiment, three intensities of barley were used: 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 kg/m 2 . Light intensity was 680 Lux and Photoperiod 24 hours. Plain water was used. The study ended to that: the blower 1.7W is preferable from both points of view: of productivity (mass) and this is for the intensity 1.2 kg/m 2 and of specific mass (mass per unit mass) and this is for the intensity 0.4 kg/m 2 . The relation between power of blower and maximum specific mass for the intensity 0.4 kg/m 2 is quadratic. The relation between relative humidity and power of blower is linear.

Topic: Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Status of Error Management and Human Factors in Regional Airlines

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper explores the current status of error management strategies and human factors efforts within regional airlines. It briefly addresses the potential needs of the environment from a perspective of the market’s accident and incident history as well as anecdotal reports received from members of the regional airline community. It also raises questions concerning the applicability of human factors and error management strategies developed in other segments of aviation to the problems faced within regional airline environments.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish

Following an injury, axons of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerate through a coordinated and genetically conserved mechanism known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Unlike central axons, severed peripheral axons have a higher capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their original targets, mainly because of the favorable environment that they inhabit and the presence of different cell types. Even though many aspects of regeneration in peripheral nerves have been studied, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the dynamics of axonal degeneration and regeneration, mostly due to the inherent limitations of most animal models. In this scenario, the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae combined with time-lapse microscopy currently offers a unique experimental opportunity to monitor the dynamics of the regenerative process in the PNS in vivo. This review summarizes the current knowledge and advances made in understanding the dynamics of the regenerative process of PNS axons. By using different tools available in zebrafish such as electroablation of the posterior lateral line nerve (pLLn), and laser-mediated transection of motor and sensory axons followed by time-lapse microscopy, researchers are beginning to unravel the complexity of the spatiotemporal interactions among different cell types during the regenerative process. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves will open new avenues in the treatment of acute nerve trauma or chronic conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles

Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently proposed as a new material for light-emitting diodes, as well as a new paradigm to elucidate the operational mechanism in perovskite solar cells. Here, we have expanded the synthesis concept to fabricate NPs based on formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3). Importantly, we have demonstrated that the photophysical features of this novel material can be easily tuned by exchanging the organic cation, achieving lower radiative bimolecular recombination rate for FAPbBr3 NPs. Additionally, we report for the first time light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on perovskite NPs by an easily up-scalable spray-coating technique. Stable luminance of 1–2 cd/m2 at low driving currents was achieved for both types of materials. Overall, this work opens a new avenue of research into the field of organic–inorganic metal halide nanoparticles bearing different alkyl ammonium groups and their application in the developing field of thin-film lighting devices.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The optimisation of conditions for the extraction of banana juice with a pectolytic enzyme preparation

The aim of the work was the optimisation of conditions\nfor the extraction of juice from surplus bananas using\npectolytic enzymes. Juice extracted in this way could be\n'used to make other products, e.g. beverages, wine, vinegar.\nBananas were supplied by Geest Industries Ltd., and were\nof known history and variety (Cavendish). The sample~\nw'ere allowed to ripen under controlled conditions of\ntemperature and relative humidity, and were enzyme-treated\nat the same degree of ripeness as determined by sugar\ncontent (18.0 + 0.3% w/w).....

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Angular distributions of 5eV atomic oxygen scattered from solid surfaces on the LDEF satellite

The angular distribution of 5eV atomic oxygen scattered off several smooth solid surfaces was measured by experiment A0114 which flew on board the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). Target surfaces were silver, vitreous carbon, and lithium fluoride crystal. The apparatus was entirely passive. It used the property of silver surfaces to absorb oxygen atoms with high efficiency; the silver is converted to optically transmissive silver oxide. A collimated beam of oxygen atoms is allowed to fall on the target surface at some pre-set angle. Reflected atoms are then intercepted by a silver film placed so that it subtends a considerable solid angle from the primary beam impact on the target surface. The silver films are evaporated onto flexible optically-clear polycarbonate sheets which are scanned later to determine oxygen uptake. While the silver detector cannot measure atom velocity or energy, its physical configuration allows easy coverage of large angular space both in the beam-plane (that which includes the incident beam and the surface normal), and in the azimuthal plane of the target surface.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contiguous redshift parameterizations of the growth index

The growth rate of matter perturbations can be used to distinguish between\ndifferent gravity theories and to distinguish between dark energy and modified\ngravity at cosmological scales as an explanation to the observed cosmic\nacceleration. We suggest here parameterizations of the growth index as\nfunctions of the redshift. The first one is given by $\\gamma(a)=\\tilde\\gamma(a)\n\\frac{1}{1+(a_{_{ttc}}/a)}+\\gamma_{_{early}} \\frac{1}{1+(a/a_{_{ttc}})}$ that\ninterpolates between a low/intermediate redshift parameterization\n$\\tilde\\gamma(a)=\\gamma_{_{late}}(a)= \\gamma_0 + (1-a) \\gamma_a$ and a high\nredshift $\\gamma_{_{early}}$ constant value. For example, our interpolated form\n$\\gamma(a)$ can be used when including the CMB to the rest of the data while\nthe form $\\gamma_{_{late}}(a)$ can be used otherwise. It is found that the\nparameterizations proposed achieve a fit that is better than 0.004% for the\ngrowth rate in a $\\Lambda$CDM model, better than 0.014% for\nQuintessence-Cold-Dark-Matter (QCDM) models, and better than 0.04% for the flat\nDvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model (with $\\Omega_m^0=0.27$) for the entire\nredshift range up to $z_{_{CMB}}$. We find that the growth index parameters\n$(\\gamma_0,\\gamma_a)$ take distinctive values for dark energy models and\nmodified gravity models, e.g. $(0.5655,-0.02718)$ for the $\\Lambda$CDM model\nand $(0.6418,0.06261)$ for the flat DGP model. This provides a means for future\nobservational data to distinguish between the models.\n

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Promoter-proximal CCCTC-factor binding is associated with an increase in the transcriptional pausing index

Motivation: It has been known for more than 2 decades that after RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) initiates transcription, it can enter into a paused or stalled state immediately downstream of the transcription start site before productive elongation. Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies facilitated the discovery that RNAPII pausing at promoters is a widespread physiologically regulated phenomenon. The molecular underpinnings of pausing are incompletely understood. The CCCTC-factor (CTCF) is a ubiquitous nuclear factor that has diverse regulatory functions, including a recently discovered role in promoting RNAPII pausing at splice sites.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
FIGURE 11 in The missing leopard lizard: Liolaemus ubaghsi sp. nov., a new species of the leopardinus clade (Reptilia: Squamata: Liolaemidae) from the Andes of the O'Higgins Region in Chile

FIGURE 11. Habitat of L. ubaghsi. Photo: Alejandra Alzamora.

Topic: Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Risk Factors Associated with Carious Lesions in Permanent First Molars in Children: A Seven-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of caries in permanent teeth (PT) and in the permanent first molar (PFM) seven years after their eruption. Children born in 2005 who were enrolled in a Community Dental Program were included. A total of 278 children were enrolled. Evaluated risk factors were parental caries experience, educational level of the mother, routine medications, systemic diseases, dietary habits, toothbrushing frequency, existence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the PT, and caries in the temporary teeth (TT). Associations between independent variables and the DMF-T (decayed, missing, and filled teeth in PT) and DMF-M (DMF in PFM) indices, only considering cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions or cavitated carious lesions as outcomes, were evaluated by Poisson regression with robust variance analysis. A cariogenic diet (sweets and soft drinks), toothbrushing frequency of &lt;1 a day, a presence of df-t (decayed and filled temporary teeth) score of &gt;0, low educational level of the mother, and existence of MIH were associated with high DMF-T or DMF-M values (p &lt; 0.05). We can conclude that the intake of sweets and soft drinks, toothbrushing frequency, the presence of caries in TT, and MIH in PT were the best predictors of the occurrence of caries in PT and PFM.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Lower urinary tract disorders in women

Autorzy przedstawili krótki rys historyczny tworzenia i ewolucji definicji niedotrzymania moczu. Scharakteryzowali kliniczne postacie niedotrzymania moczu u kobiet: wysiłkowe nietrzymanie moczu, naglące nietrzymanie moczu, nietrzymanie moczu z przepełnienia, nietrzymanie moczu pozazwieraczowe.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Selection of Spatial Filters for ON/OFF Based Topology Optimization of a C-Core Electromagnetic Actuator

This paper investigates different spatial filtering techniques used with ON/OFF based topology optimization and compares their performances for optimizing a C-core electromagnetic actuator. The filters' efficacy in dealing with checkerboard patterns, perforations, and floating material pieces and their impact on the armature force and the topology's smoothness are evaluated and discussed.

Topic: Topology Optimization in Engineering
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Demudification Drying of Peanut Seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Identification of Seed Quality

One strategy to increase peanut production is to use good-quality seeds. The content of the seed determines the quality of the seed. Drying with low relative humidity can lower the drying temperature so that drying is done quickly and seed quality is maintained. This research was conducted to analyze the process and differences in peanut seed drying using dehumidifier drying and oven drying methods. Drying was carried out using a dehumidifier and oven drying machine at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C until the moisture content reached 9%, with observations every 30 minutes. Then the dried seeds were analyzed for their physical and physiological qualities. The results showed that the time needed for dehumidifier drying was faster than oven drying, with the details of dehumidifier machine drying at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C being 18.5 hours, 15 hours, and 10.5 hours. While drying in the oven at the same temperature, it takes 21 h, 17 h, and 12 h. From the results of the analysis of the physical quality of the seeds, the germination test, and the vigor test, it can be seen that dehumidifier drying gave the highest seed percentage results of 98%, 98%, and 88%. Keywords: Dehumidifier, Drying, Peanuts, Seed Quality, Water content.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences