jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Innovation Complexity at Different Geographical and\n Technological Scales

We define a novel quantitative strategy inspired by the ecological notion of\nnestedness to single out the scale at which innovation complexity emerges from\nthe aggregation of specialized building blocks. Our analysis not only suggests\nthat the innovation space can be interpreted as a natural system in which\nadvantageous capabilities are selected by evolutionary pressure, but also that\nthe emerging structure of capabilities is not independent of the scale of\nobservation at which they are observed. Expanding on this insight allows us to\nunderstand whether the capabilities characterizing the innovation space at a\ngiven scale are compatible with a complex evolutionary dynamics or, rather, a\nset of essentially independent activities allowing to reduce the system at that\nscale to a set of disjoint non interacting sub-systems. This yields a measure\nof the innovation complexity of the system, i.e. of the degree of\ninterdependence between the sets of capabilities underlying the system's\nbuilding blocks.\n

Topic: Economic and Technological Innovation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Global optimization for generalized geometric programming problems with discrete variables

Generalized geometric programming (GGP) problems occur frequently in engineering design and management, but most existing methods for solving GGP actually only consider continuous variables. This article presents a new branch-and-bound algorithm for globally solving GGP problems with discrete variables. For minimizing the problem, an equivalent monotonic optimization problem (P) with discrete variables is presented by exploiting the special structure of GGP. In the algorithm, the lower bounds are computed by solving ordinary linear programming problems that are derived via a linearization technique. In contrast to pure branch-and-bound methods, the algorithm can perform a domain reduction cut per iteration by using the monotonicity of problem (P), which can suppress the rapid growth of branching tree in the branch-and-bound search so that the performance of the algorithm is further improved. Computational results for several sample examples and small randomly generated problems are reported to vindicate our conclusions.

Topic: Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 9 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Funambulus tristriatus numarius Wroughton, 1916" ] } The dataset includes 9 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0199339-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transport, Spatial Economy, and the Global Environment

In this paper we investigate interdependencies between transport, spatial economy, and the environment in the context of policies aimed at a global environmental target. A small-scale spatial price equilibrium model is formulated and used to perform a number of numerical simulations, and to investigate market-based versus environmentally sound spatioeconomic configurations with first-best and second-best policies, and with endogenous environmental technologies. We thus present a modelling framework capable of dealing with complexities associated with the simultaneous regulation, first-best and second-best, of multiple interdependent sectors in a spatial setting.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Reaction Accelerator: Mid-infrared Strong Field Dissociation Yields Mode-Selective Chemistry

Mode-selective chemistry has been a dream of chemists since the advent of the laser in the 1970s. Despite intense effort, this goal has remained elusive due to efficient energy randomization in polyatomic molecules. Using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, we show that the interaction of molecules with intense, ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses can accelerate and promote reactions that are energetically and entropically disfavored, owing to efficient kinetic energy pumping into the corresponding vibrational mode(s) by the laser field. In a test case of formyl chloride ion photodissociation, the reactions are ultimately complete under field-free conditions within 500 fs after the laser pulse, which effectively overcomes competition from intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). The approach is quite general and experimentally accessible using currently available technology.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transferring an Adult-Plant Stripe-Rust Resistance Gene Yr7VS from Chromosome 7V of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) to Bread Wheat

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f.sp. tritici, Pst) is a destructive disease that seriously threatens wheat production globally. Exploring novel resistance genes for use in wheat breeding is an urgent need, as continuous Pst evolution frequently leads to a breakdown of host resistance. Here, we identified a set of wheat–Dasypyrum villosum 01I139 (V#6) disomic introgression lines for the purpose of determining their responses to a mixture of Pst isolates CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results showed that all introgression lines exhibited high susceptibility at the seedling stage, with infection-type (IT) scores in the range of 6–8, whereas, for chromosomes 5V#6 and 7V#6, disomic addition lines NAU5V#6-1 and NAU7V#6-1 displayed high resistance at the adult-plant stage, indicating that adult-plant resistance (APR) genes were located on them. Further, in order to transfer the stripe-rust resistance on chromosome 7V#6, four new wheat–D. villosum introgression lines were identified, by the use of molecular cytogenetic approaches, from the self-pollinated seeds of 7D and 7V#6, in double monosomic line NAU7V#6-2. Among them, NAU7V#6-3 and NAU7V#6-4 were t7V#6L and t7V#6S monosomic addition lines, and NAU7V#6-5 and NAU7V#6-6 were homozygous T7DS·7V#6L and T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation lines. Stripe-rust tests and genetic analyses of chromosome 7V#6 introgression lines revealed a dominant APR gene designated as Yr7VS on the chromosome arm 7V#6S. Comparison with the homozygous T7DL·7V#6S translocation line and the recurrent parent NAU0686 showed no significant differences in yield-related traits. Thus, T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation with the APR gene Yr7VS provided a valuable germplasm for breeding for resistance.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Results of astrometrical observations of the Sun and major planets at the mountain astronomical station of the Pulkovo Observatory

A series of daytime observations of the Sun and major planets are obtained at the mountain astronomical station of the Pulkovo Observatory using the Ertel-Struve meridian instruments. A series of declinations of Solar System bodies and major planets includes 4057 positions and that of right ascensions of Solar System bodies comprising 2057 positions. Based on the joint processing of observations of the Sun, Mercury, Venus, and Mars obtained with the Ertel-Struve vertical circle and large transit instrument, the orientation elements of the DE200/LE200 dynamic coordinate system, namely, a correction for the right ascensions of FK5 stars ΔA = +0.127″ ± 0.033″, a correction for declinations of FK5 stars ΔD = +0.056″ ± 0.011″, a correction for the ecliptic inclination Δɛ = −0.044″ ± 0.012″, and a correction for the average longitude of the Sun ΔL = −0.083″±0.035″, are determined with respect to the stellar coordinate system.

Topic: Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
APPARATUS DIFFICULTY IN GROUPS ROUTINES OF ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS AT THE PORTIMÃO 2009 WORLD CUP SERIES

The aim of this study was to establish whether a pattern exists in the type of apparatus specific elements chosen by elite rhythmic gymnastics groups. Twenty six group exercise routines (5 hoops, and 3 ribbons and 2 ropes) performed by thirteen groups at the Portimão 2009 World Cup Series gymnastics competition were analysed. Results: (a) mastery and risk with throw: (i) all groups preferred using throws during a body flight; (ii) in the 3 ribbons and 2 ropes routines the use of catches during an element with rotation was most common, whilst in the 5 hoops routines catches without the help of the hands were used most frequently; (iii) compulsory rotations were the most commonly used elements in the 5 hoops routines, whereas the additional rotation was preferred in the 3 ribbons and 2 ropes routines. (b) mastery without throw: (i) rotations and handlings were the most frequently used elements in the 5 hoops routines whilst snakes &amp; spirals were preferred in the 3 ribbons and 2 ropes routines; (ii) there were no records of risk without throw. (c) with regard to collaborations (COLL) the most frequently used were the COLL RR1 (these include a large throw with risk of loss of visual contact with the apparatus during its flight, as well as passing over, below or through one or several apparatus or other gymnasts during the flight of the apparatus) in the 5 hoops routines and the COLL with throw in the 3 ribbons and 2 ropes routines. This study demonstrates that it is possible to broadly identify and describe patterns of element use for each apparatus type for 5 hoops, and 3 ribbons and 2 ropes routines.

Topic: Physical Education and Gymnastics
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mengenal Budaya Batak Toba Melalui Falsafah “Dalihan Na Tolu” (Perspektif Kohesi dan Kerukunan)

Dalihan Natolu is understood as the identity and rules that govern the social system and as a determining factor in the custom of Batak culture. There are several studies about the meaning and values of this philosophy. This article intended to search and to find the philosophical foundation of Dalihan Natolu. At the same time, this article also wants to show how is “the das sollen” and “das sein” of Dalihan Natolu in the recent time. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive-interpretative me­thod in the perspective of philosophy of phenomenology and library re­search. The results of this research shows that Dalihan Natolu is the mani­festation of the essence of life of the human being itself and the result of the search for the depth of the life of Batak Toba people. Dalihan Natolu is the manifestation of the nature of the Debata Natolu (Triune God). He be­comes the pillar and guarantor of a harmonious life of the entire order of the Toba Batak culture in order to pursue and reach happiness of life (das sollen). Unfortunately, there have been shifting and deviations of values and also perspective changing about the position of the three func­tional groups in Dalihan Na Tolu itself called Hula-hula, Dongan Sabu­tuha, and Boru (das sein).Keywords: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, BoruDalihan Natolu dipahami sebagai identitas dan pedoman hidup yang mengatur sistem kekerabatan serta menjadi faktor penentu dalam adat budaya Batak. Tulisan ini memiliki dua tujuan yaitu: mencari dan mene­mu­kan landasan filosofis Dalihan Natolu; dan menampilkan bagai­mana “das sollen” dan “das sein” Dalihan Natolu di zaman “now”. Metode pe­ne­litian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif-interpretatif dalam pers­­pektif filsafat fenomenologi dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil pene­litian menunjukkan bahwa Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan hakikat hidup manusia itu sendiri dan merupakan hasil pencarian makna hidup suku Batak Toba. Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan dari hakikat De­bata Natolu (Allah yang tiga). Dia menjadi tiang penyangga dan pen­jamin menuju kehidupan yang harmonis. Namun demikian telah terjadi pergeser­an, penyimpangan nilai serta perubahan cara pandang akan posisi kedu­du­kan ketiga golongan fungsional yang ada dalam Dalihan Natolu, yaitu Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, dan Boru.Kata kunci: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, Boru

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chronic Liver Disease Classification Using Hybrid Whale Optimization with Simulated Annealing and Ensemble Classifier

Chronic liver disease (CLD), which indicates the inflammatory condition of the liver, leads to cirrhosis or even partial or total liver dysfunction when left untreated. A non-invasive approach for evaluating CLD with computed tomography (CT) images is proposed using an ensemble of classifiers. To accurately classify CLD, the hybrid whale optimization algorithm with simulated annealing (WOA-SA) is used in selecting an optimal set of features. The proposed method employs seven sets of features with a total of 73–3D (three-dimensional) texture features. A hybrid ensemble classifier with support vector machine (SVM), k—Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), and random forest (RF) classifiers are used to classify liver diseases. Experimental analysis is performed on clinical CT images datasets, which include normal liver, fatty liver, metastasis, cirrhosis, and cancerous samples. The optimal features selected using the WOA-SA improve the accuracy of CLD classification for the five classes of diseases mentioned above. The accuracy of the liver classification using ensemble classifier yields approximately 98% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.7789, 1.0000) and an error rate of 1.9%. The performance of the proposed method is compared with two existing algorithms and the sensitivity and specificity yield an overall average of 96% and 93%, with 95% confidence interval of (0.7513, 1.0000) and (0.7126, 1.0000), respectively. Classification of CLD based on ensemble classifier illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and the comparison analysis demonstrates the superiority of the methodology.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Relationship between Masseter and Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Young Adults with Hearing Thresholds Less Than or Equal to 15 dB HL

Abstract Background Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) and masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMPs) are considered to have a common saccular origin. While a few studies have examined both vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in individuals with brainstem disorders as part of a test battery, the relation between these two potentials has rarely been the subject of discussion. Purpose The present study explored the relation between mVEMPs and cVEMPs using electromyography (EMG)-scaled parameters in normal-hearing young adults. Research Design Within-subject study design. Study Sample Twenty young adults between 18 and 39 years of age (11 males, 9 females) participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis cVEMP and mVEMP were performed on all the participants at 95 dBnHL with 500 Hz tone burst stimuli. Various VEMP parameters were evaluated including P13 and N23 peak latencies, the amplitude of the P13‐N23 complex, and the Interaural Amplitude Asymmetry Ratio in EMG-scaled and unscaled conditions. Results All participants exhibited a 100% response rate for cVEMP and mVEMP responses. There were no significant ears and gender effect for both cVEMP and mVEMP. No correlation was found between cVEMP and mVEMP. There was no significant difference found between P1 and N1 latency values of cVEMP and mVEMP; however, a significant variation was observed for peak-to-peak amplitude both in EMG-scaled and unscaled conditions between cVEMP and mVEMP. Conclusions Minimal to no association between any parameters of cVEMPs and mVEMPs suggests no significant relationship between these two VEMPs.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Distribution, Abundance and Field Host‐Range of Hydrellia balciunasi Bock (Diptera: Ephydridae) a Biological Control Agent for the Aquatic Weed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

ABSTRACT During a project to detect and evaluate potential biological control agents for the submersed aquatic weed, hydrilla ( Hydrilla verticillata ), the distribution, abundance and field host‐range of a recently described aquatic fly, Hydrellia balciunasi were studied in Australia from 1985‐1992. A total of 17,729 specimens were collected at 55 sites in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. H. balciunasi was found to be relatively common, being collected in 57% of 550 collections of hydrilla. Although larvae were collected from 17 aquatic plant species, hydrilla was the preferred host for this fly, with 97% of the specimens collected from it. Based on these field data, H. balciunasi was exported to quarantine in the United States of America in 1988 for laboratory evaluation of its host‐range. Quarantine studies confirmed its safety as a biological control agent, allowing its release in the field in Florida in 1989. This is the first endemic Australian insect released as a biological control agent for a weed in the U.S.A.

Topic: Biological Control of Invasive Species
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou nanopterons with exponentially small, nonvanishing ripples

Abstract We study traveling waves in mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) lattices in the long wave limit. Such lattices are known to possess nanopteron traveling waves in relative displacement coordinates. These nanopteron profiles consist of the superposition of an exponentially localized “core,” which is close to a Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave, and a periodic “ripple,” whose amplitude is small beyond all algebraic orders of the long wave parameter, although a zero amplitude is not precluded. Here we deploy techniques of spatial dynamics, inspired by results of Iooss and Kirchgässner, Iooss and James, and Venney and Zimmer, to construct mass and spring dimer nanopterons whose ripples are both exponentially small and also nonvanishing. We first obtain “growing front” traveling waves in the original position coordinates and then pass to relative displacement. To study position, we recast its traveling wave problem as a first‐order equation on an infinite‐dimensional Banach space; then we develop hypotheses that, when met, allow us to reduce such a first‐order problem to one solved by Lombardi. A key part of our analysis is then the passage back from the reduced problem to the original one. Our hypotheses free us from working strictly with lattices but are easily checked for FPUT mass and spring dimers. We also give a detailed exposition and reinterpretation of Lombardi's methods, to illustrate how our hypotheses work in concert with his techniques, and we provide a dialog with prior methods of constructing FPUT nanopterons, to expose similarities and differences with the present approach.

Topic: Nonlinear Photonic Systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[A comparative analysis of the immediate and late results of coronary balloon angioplasty in bifurcation stenoses performed by the traditional method and by the "2-guide" method].

To evaluate the efficiency of balloon coronary angioplasty (BCA) for bifurcation stenoses, which had been made by the two-guide method, the results of the angioplasties were examined in 147 patients with coronary heart disease. BCA had been performed routinely in 54 patients and by the two-guide method in 32. Sixty-one patients undergone angioplasty for nonbifurcation lesions served as a control group. In the group of routine BCA procedure, poor results with residual stenosis of the major vessel were seen in 13% of cases, the incidence of complication (dissection of unfavourable types, thrombosis of the major vessel) was 29.6%. In the two-guide BCA, these indices were 15.6 and 2%, respectively, the incidence of restenosis was 46.9% and that of branch lesions was 6.3%. The findings have led to the following conclusions that routine angioplasty of bifurcation stenoses yields poor early and late results of dilatation of lateral branches. The use of the two-guide method substantially reduces the risk of damage to a lateral branch, improves immediate dilatation of the major vessel, yet fails to affect the number of restenosis in the late period.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predicting Addiction Susceptibility Based on Big Five Personality Traits

Background: Addiction is one of the most prominent problems and the fourth leading crisis worldwide. In Iran, this issue is more complicated because of increasing young population in this country. Objectives: This study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility regarding students’ personality traits at Qazvin universities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 227 students from Qazvin universities were selected using the multistage random stratified sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic information form, Addiction Susceptibility questionnaire (ASQ), and NEO personality inventory. After collecting the required data, SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data by running variance analysis and paired sample t-test. Results: In this study, neuroticism (P = 0.031) and openness (P = 0.043) with regression coefficients of 0.584 and 0.586 had positive and significant effects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. In contrast, extraversion (P = 0.023), agreeableness (P = 0.038), and consciousness (P &lt; 0.001) with regression coefficients of -0.639, -0.186, and -1.342 had negative and significant effects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed a significant relationship between personality traits and addiction susceptibility. Accordingly, the aforementioned psychological traits must be empathized in educational, preventive, and therapeutic programs so that the vulnerable groups, including students, would receive some help.

Topic: Personality Traits and Psychology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A method of assessing the physical condition of insect-damaged grain and its application to a faunistic survey

A method of assessing the physical condition of grain residues is described. It consists of utilising data obtained by taking the weight and volume of samples before and after sieving over a 1/10-inch mesh. The application of this method to a survey of the insect population of wheat residues beneath the floor of a small granary in southern England is described. Information from the weight and volume data obtained enabled the samples to be classified in a manner agreeing with visual estimates. It had the advantage of objectivity. Three vertical series of samples were taken and analysed, and the insects present counted and identified. The size, composition and distribution of the insect population is briefly discussed in relation to the condition of the residues and their depth below the surface. The fauna consisted of grain pests ( Sitophilus granarius (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Ptinus tectus Boield., P. fur (L.) and Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stnt.)) and incidental species (fungus feeders and ground-dwellers) and the two groups differed in their distribution and in their apparent response to the physical conditions.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences