jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Ritual Significance of Feasting in the Formation of Christian Communities

As Jonas of Bobbio recounted in the sixth-century Vita Columbani 1.27, the Irish saint was greatly angered on one occasion when he encountered an Alemannic group making a profane offering of ale to the pagan god Woden. In response, the saint blew on the cask, which contained about twenty measures, and the vessel immediately fragmented, spilling the precious liquid in all directions. In his description of this confrontation, Jonas observed that the devil had been hiding in the barrel, conceivably because he knew that he might win over more souls by providing alcoholic refreshment to the local inhabitants. The miraculous demise of the cask containing the pagan sacrifice thus brought about the conversion of the awed pagans, and the holy man convinced even those who had earlier become Christians to give up their errant ways.1 Likewise, in the Vita Vedastis 7, Jonas described how the saint had agreed to attend a feast of the Franks to which he had been invited. Although many there were Christians, Vaast observed nonetheless that they participated in pagan rites marked most conspicuously by a barrel of beer in the middle of the dwelling. In response,Vaast made the sign of the cross, thereby causing the vessel to shatter and the liquid to pour out upon the floor. Recognizing the inherent spiritual danger of such encounters, he justified his attack on the festivities as necessary for the salvation of all of those present.2

Topic: Historical and Archaeological Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of UL56 Mutations before Letermovir Therapy in Refractory Cytomegalovirus Transplant Recipients

We provide comprehensive data on the clinical correlates of both CMV genotypic follow-up by standard and deep sequencing and the clinical outcomes, as well as recombinant phenotypic results of this novel mutation. Our study emphasizes that the clinical follow-up in combination with genotypic and phenotypic studies is essential for the assessment and optimization of patients experiencing HCMV relapses or not responding to antiviral therapy.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PROFIT WINDFALL OR PATIENT WINDFALL? The Orphan Drug Act and Proposals for its Reform

The Orphan Drug Act is a statute with a noble purpose but a controversial history. Originally designed to spur research into drugs for conditions with extremely limited patient populations,~ the Act has become a highly successful means of developing new drugs for rare diseases and conditions. In total, these conditions affect a significant percentage of the population -- as many as 1 out of every 13 Americans. In the ten years prior to the Act's passage, only ten drugs had been approved for these conditions, but by December 31, 1993, 569 drugs had received designation as orphan drugs under the Act; of these, over 65 had been approved. Few, then, would dispute that for its intended purpose -- benefit to patients suffering from rare conditions -- the Act has worked successfully.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Systemic lupus erythematosus progressing to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by fatal hemophagocytic syndrome: case report.

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) may be provoked by infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. We report on a 56-year-old woman with long-lasting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with malar rash, inflammatory livedo reticularis, fever, weight loss, pancytopenia and mild splenomegaly with cervical lymphadenopathy. She had criteria for SLE flare-up (malar rash, high antinuclear antibody titer, complement consumption, pathological urinary sediment, and retinal vasculitis). Despite high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, pancytopenia and fever worsened. Important elevations of triglycerides and ferritin were also found. Bone marrow aspirate demonstrated hemophagocytosis, which confirmed the coexistence of HPS and SLE. The treatment with glucocorticoids, immunoglobulins, cyclophosphamide, filgrastim and antimicrobial therapy was unsuccessful. After one month, the patient developed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with fatal outcome. Bone marrow biopsy, taken 5 days before death, showed high grade diffuse large B-cell (CD20+, Ki-67+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL). We are the first to report the association of both SLE and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by HPS. We showed that, based on clinical and laboratory data, it was difficult to distinguish the early phase of HPS from SLE flare-up and new-onset DLBCL. Therapy of such a complex case of HPS has not been standardized, and opportunistic infections remain a difficult issue.

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microstructural differences between single-species and dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula, before and after exposure to chlorhexidine

Dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula are less susceptible to antimicrobials than single-species biofilms of the same microorganisms. The microstructure of single and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and/or V. parvula was visualized to find out whether the spatial arrangement of bacteria in biofilms is related to survival strategies against antimicrobials. Biofilms were grown in glass-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates and exposed to chlorhexidine at 48 h. Fluorescent probes were used for staining. The microstructure of biofilms was analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy at 48, 96, 192, and 264 h. Spatial arrangement analysis was performed using DAIME software for 48 h biofilms. A decrease in the viability and thickness in all types of biofilms was detected after chlorhexidine treatment in time. In untreated biofilms, clustering was observed. In chlorhexidine-treated single-species biofilms, bacteria were dispersed. However, the most prominent clustering was observed in chlorhexidine-treated dual-species biofilm bacteria, which had a higher survival rate compared with chlorhexidine-treated single-species biofilms. Bacteria in dual-species biofilms establish a specific spatial arrangement, forming clusters within distances below 1.2 microm as a survival strategy against antimicrobials while the same bacteria lack this defensive construction in a single-species biofilm.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Surface topography of the Greenland Ice Sheet from satellite radar altimetry

Surface elevation maps of the southern half of the Greenland subcontinent are produced from radar altimeter data acquired by the Seasat satellite. A summary of the processing procedure and examples of return waveform data are given. The elevation data are used to generate a regular grid which is then computer contoured to provide an elevation contour map. Ancillary maps show the statistical quality of the elevation data and various characteristics of the surface. The elevation map is used to define ice flow directions and delineate the major drainage basins. Regular maps of the Jakobshavns Glacier drainage basin and the ice divide in the vicinity of Crete Station are presented. Altimeter derived elevations are compared with elevations measured both by satellite geoceivers and optical surveying.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
SAGE: Scalable Ground Truth Evaluations for Large Sparse Autoencoders

A key challenge in interpretability is to decompose model activations into meaningful features. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for this task. However, a central problem in evaluating the quality of SAEs is the absence of ground truth features to serve as an evaluation gold standard. Current evaluation methods for SAEs are therefore confronted with a significant trade-off: SAEs can either leverage toy models or other proxies with predefined ground truth features; or they use extensive prior knowledge of realistic task circuits. The former limits the generalizability of the evaluation results, while the latter limits the range of models and tasks that can be used for evaluations. We introduce SAGE: Scalable Autoencoder Ground-truth Evaluation, a ground truth evaluation framework for SAEs that scales to large state-of-the-art SAEs and models. We demonstrate that our method can automatically identify task-specific activations and compute ground truth features at these points. Compared to previous methods we reduce the training overhead by introducing a novel reconstruction method that allows to apply residual stream SAEs to sublayer activations. This eliminates the need for SAEs trained on every task-specific activation location. Then we validate the scalability of our framework, by evaluating SAEs on novel tasks on Pythia70M, GPT-2 Small, and Gemma-2-2. Our framework therefore paves the way for generalizable, large-scale evaluations of SAEs in interpretability research.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Principal neurofilament-associated protein kinase in squid axoplasm is related to casein kinase I.

A cytoskeletal extract of pure axoplasm, highly enriched with neurofilaments (ANF), was prepared from the giant axon of the squid. This ANF preparation also contained potent kinase activities which phosphorylated the Mr greater than 400,000 (high molecular weight) and Mr 220,000 squid neurofilament protein subunits. High salt (1 M) extraction of this ANF preparation solubilized most of the neurofilament proteins and kinase activities and gel filtration on an AcA 44 column separated these two components. The neurofilaments eluted in the void volume of the column while the kinase activities eluted in the 17-44-kDa range of the column. Two major kinase activities were measured in this peak of activity. One of these strongly phosphorylated the phosphate acceptor peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Kemptide) and was completely inhibited by the selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent kinase Thr-Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Ile-Ala-Ser-Gly-Arg-Thr-Gly-Arg-Arg-Asn-Ala-Ile- NH2 (Wiptide). Since addition of cAMP did not stimulate activity, this suggested that this kinase was a free catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent kinase associated with the neurofilaments. The second kinase activity most effectively phosphorylated alpha-casein, and this activity was not affected by Wiptide. The alpha-casein phosphorylating activity (ANF kinase) was the principal activity responsible for neurofilament protein phosphorylation, and was not inhibited by various inhibitors against second messenger regulated kinases, suggesting it was related to the casein kinase family. Four lines of evidence indicate ANF kinase was similar to casein kinase I. These were: 1) the apparent molecular weight determined by gel filtration and the chromatographic elution profile on phosphocellulose column corresponded to casein kinase I; 2) heparin, an inhibitor of casein kinase II at 2-5 micrograms/ml, stimulated both ANF kinase and purified casein kinase I at these concentrations, while CKI-7, a relatively selective inhibitor of casein kinase I, inhibited ANF kinase in a comparable dose-response fashion; 3) purified casein kinase I strongly phosphorylated both ANF protein subunits (like ANF kinase) whereas casein kinase II was relatively ineffective; and 4) tryptic peptide maps of the HMW and Mr 220,000 neurofilament proteins after phosphorylation by ANF kinase or purified casein kinase I showed similar 32P-peptide patterns.

Topic: Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Implementasi Government Public Relations

Lack of understanding of Government Public Relations function by the Education and Training Center The Ministry of Education, Research and Technology is an obstacle to the implementation in conveying information, policies, regulations and educating the public which is still not optimal. The lack of experts and limited human resources results in ineffective communication in conveying information which can cause misunderstandings and inappropriate information received by the public. This study aims to determine the activities, actions, and mechanisms of Government Public Relations of the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. The research theory in this study is the theory of implementation and Government Public Relations which consists of disseminating public information, policies, regulations and educating the public about laws and regulations. This research methodology.This research methodology uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews. The implementation of Government Public Relations carried out by the public relations of the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Education, Research Culture and Technology consists of activities such as providing accurate information, socializing to the public about government policies, interacting with the public, holding press conferences, and building relationships with the media.press conferences, and building relationships with the media. Government Public Relations actions carried out such as preparing information materials, accommodating, processing messages and aspirations of the community, by involving several stakeholders so that the information received by the public in the form of news, narratives, photos and videos is accurate and reliable. The Government Public Relations mechanism uses good governance, namely, equality, supervision, law enforcement, , effectiveness, and responsiveness, efficiency, participation, accountability, foresight and transparency.

Topic: Public Administration in Developing Nations
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgianess and Clinical Features, Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ABSTRACT Introduction Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, and symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders. FM prevalence is notably higher among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with the general population, often leading to diagnostic challenges. Misinterpreting FM as SLE activity can result in overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate fibromyalgianess and its relationship with the clinical and immunological characteristics of SLE patients using comprehensive scoring methods for better diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods This cross‐sectional study included 50 SLE patients meeting the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Patients with coexisting autoimmune diseases or severe systemic conditions were excluded. Clinical data, SLEDAI scores, and fibromyalgianess severity were assessed using the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale (PSDS). Patients were categorised into groups based on fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria: widespread pain and SLE‐FM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p &lt; 0.05 considered significant. Results Among 50 patients (45 female, 5 male; mean age 42.04 ± 12.5), 24% had fibromyalgianess, and 18% experienced widespread pain. Female patients exhibited significantly higher PSDS scores ( p &lt; 0.05). While NSAID use was associated with increased PSDS scores ( p &lt; 0.001), no significant relationship was found between fibromyalgianess and SLEDAI scores or organ involvement. Conclusion Fibromyalgianess in SLE patients primarily reflects heightened pain sensitivity and symptom severity rather than disease activity. Incorporating fibromyalgianess assessment into routine SLE management may prevent diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls and improve treatment outcomes. Multidisciplinary approaches, including pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies, are essential for effective care.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of organic pig production systems on CO

\n Organic rules for grazing and access to outdoor areas in pig production may be met in\n different ways, which express compromises between considerations for animal welfare, feed\n self-reliance and negative environmental impact such as greenhouse gas emissions and\n nitrate pollution. This article compares the environmental impact of the main organic pig\n systems in Denmark. Normally, sows are kept in huts on grassland and finishing pigs are\n raised in stables with access to an outdoor run. One alternative practice is also rearing\n the fattening pigs on grassland all year round. The third method investigated was a\n one-unit pen system mainly consisting of a deep litter area under a climate tent and with\n restricted access to a grazing area. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the\n emissions of greenhouse gases of the free range system were estimated to be 3.3 kg\n CO2-equivalents kg−1 live weight pig, which was significantly\n higher than the indoor fattening system and the tent system, yielding 2.9 and 2.8 kg\n CO2-eq. kg−1 pig, respectively. This was 7–22% higher compared\n with Danish conventional pig production but, due to the integration of grass-clover in the\n organic crop rotations these had an estimated net soil carbon sequestration. When carbon\n sequestration was included in the LCA then the organic systems had lower greenhouse gas\n emissions compared with conventional pig production. Eutrophication in nitrate equivalents\n per kg pig was 21–65% higher in the organic pig systems and acidification was 35–45%\n higher per kg organic pig compared with the conventional system. We conclude that, even\n though the free range system theoretically has agro-ecological advantages over the indoor\n fattening system and the tent system due to a larger grass-clover area, this potential is\n difficult to implement in practice due to problems with leaching on sandy soil. Only if\n forage can contribute to a larger proportion of the pigfeed uptake may the free range\n system be economically and environmentally competitive. Improvement of nitrogen cycling\n and efficiency is the most important factor for reducing the overall environmental load\n from organic pig meat. Presently, a system with pig fattening in stables and\n concrete-covered outdoor runs seems to be the best solution from an environmental point of\n view. \n

Topic: Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS’ EXPOSED UNINFECTED NEWBORNS: A VULNERABLE POPULATION WITH SOME DEFECTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM ELEMENTS AT BIRTH IN YAOUNDE-CAMEROON, CENTRAL AFRICA

Abstract Introduction/Objective The reduction in vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Cameroon, thanks to the success of Option B+ prevention measures, has favored the increase in the rate of HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) infants. The latter, however, present a threefold higher morbidity and mortality than their HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU) counterparts. With multiple causes, a dysfunction of the immune system would be incriminated but the evidence to demonstrate this and to advocate for a specific follow-up is lacking. This study objective was to determine the effect of in utero exposure to HIV-1 on certain immune elements of HEU newborns. Methods/Case Report A Case-control study was carried out in three reference hospitals in Yaounde. From June 2022 to July 2023, demographical characteristics of 62 HEU newborns of positive parturients with undetectable viral load who gave their consent (cases), and 65 HUU (controls) were taken. Then samples of umbilical cord blood were collected under ethical authorization no. BTC-JIRB2022-021. Then, blood count and differential leukocytes count were performed using DF55 DEMIND and May-Grünwald Giemsa Kit. Excel 2007 and R v4.1.3 softwares were used to record and analyze the data, with significance level for a p-value &amp;lt; 0.05. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The average APGAR vitality score (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration) at 1, 5 and 10 min of life was reduced, but not significantly (p = 0.3) in the HEU (8/10, 9/10 and 10/10), compared to the HUU (9/10, and 10/10); as well as head circumference: (33.16 ± 1.64) cm and (34.8 ± 1.52) cm (p = 0.8) respectively. Unlike leukopenia (p=0.24), umbilical monocytosis (p=0.04) and lymphopenia (p=0.001) were significantly linked to HIV exposure in HEU, signs of inflammation from birth. Conclusion HIV exposed uninfected newborns present a drop in immunity and an inflammatory sign at birth, materialised clinically and biologically with a highly significant lymphopenia.

Topic: Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pattern-aware shape deformation using sliding dockers

This paper introduces a new structure-aware shape deformation technique. The key idea is to detect continuous and discrete regular patterns and ensure that these patterns are preserved during free-form deformation. We propose a variational deformation model that preserves these structures, and a discrete algorithm that adaptively inserts or removes repeated elements in regular patterns to minimize distortion. As a tool for such structural adaptation, we introduce sliding dockers, which represent repeatable elements that fit together seamlessly for arbitrary repetition counts. We demonstrate the presented approach on a number of complex 3D models from commercial shape libraries.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Qiqilian ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>

QQL effectively attenuated endothelial injury and inflammation by inhibiting AngII-induced excessive autophagy, which serves as a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences