jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinico-demographic Characteristics of Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver : Experienced at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the commonest hepatobiliary problems in Bangladesh as well as in global perspective. The purpose of the present study was to find out the clinico-demographic characteristics of liver cirrhosis patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients who are clinically suspected to have cirrhosis of liver, admitted in medicine units of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka have been analyzed regarding clinical presentation and complications profile. Total 100 patients were included of which 84% were cirrhosis of liver, 7% were chronic active hepatitis, 3% were chronic persistent hepatitis, 2% were Wilson's disease with cirrhosis and 4% were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the top of cirrhosis of liver. The peak age incidence was between 31-50 years with male-female ratio of 4.88:1. History of jaundice (42%), parenteral medications (14%), infusion (6%) and abdominal surgery (4.0%) were important findings from patient's past history. History of alcohol intake was found in only 4% cases. Overall, weakness (78%), anorexia (72%), abdominal swelling (74%), weight loss (64%), ankle swelling (42%), low grade fever (35%) and yellowish discolouration of eyes, skin and urine (37%) were the most common symptoms. Common signs, revealed by clinical examination as a whole, were anaemia (55%), ascites (68%), oedema (52%), jaundice (34%), palpable spleen (55%) and hepatic facies (37%). Cirrhosis of liver most commonly occurs in middle aged male patients. Weakness, weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort/dyspepsia and swelling of the abdomen are the most prevalent symptoms.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Occupational Exposure due to RF leakages within GSM Base Station Cabins\nin Eastern Nigeria

The occupational exposure due to RF radiation leaks inside the base\nstation cabin, when working on the Base station Transceiver (BTS)\nRadios and TX cables and during active radio communication was\nmeasured. A total of number 30 base stations Cabins were studied in the\neastern part of Nigeria, using a Broad band TES-90 Electrosmog meter.\nThe maximum instantaneous electric field strength obtained from GSM\n1800 radio was 3.72 V/m, 16.56 V/m for GSM 900 radio and 11.29 V/m for\nthe Tx cables. The maximum instantaneous indoor and out power density\nwere 35.47 mW/m2 and 6.64 mW/m2 respectively. Also, the average values\nof the obtained electric field strength from all the cabins are 1.18\n± 1.07 V/m from GSM 1800 radio, 2.33 ± 3.82 V/m from GSM 900\nradio and 1.77 ± 2.20 V/m from the Tx cables. The result of this\nstudy shows that the values were less than ICNIRP limits for\noccupational exposure.

Topic: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Memorandum from Terence Allen Shone on the economic effect of the disturbances in Eastern Punjab (31 October 1947)

On 31 October 1947, Terence Allen Shone, High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to India, sends a memorandum to Philip John Noel-Baker, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, on the economic consequences of the disturbances in Eastern Punjab after the partition of the British Indian Empire. The note claims that the partition, which sparked major population movements and massacres among the various communities, has also caused severe problems for agriculture, industry and the economy in general.

Topic: Social and Economic Development in India
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CHANGING INNOVATION ROLES OF FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES FROM THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Based on the observation of higher internationalisation of innovation activities of multinational companies towards emerging markets, this paper aims to provide insights on how foreign subsidiaries from the manufacturing industry are changing their innovation roles in China. Based on in-depth expert interviews conducted from the subsidiary perspective in China, this paper affirms that foreign subsidiaries are moving towards higher innovative activities. The study contributes to extant literature by revealing three characteristics, namely innovation capabilities, organisational structures, and interaction with the headquarters that differentiate subsidiaries’ innovation roles with regard to their geography and magnitude of innovation. This study illustrates how these distinctive characteristics and their underlying elements advance as subsidiaries move towards greater innovation roles and discusses implications for managerial practice.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Ellipsis in appositives

This paper investigates the internal and external syntax of non-restrictive nominal appositives (NAPs), such as John Smith in I met an old friend, John Smith, at the pub. It is shown that the internal constitution of NAPs bears directly on the analysis of the irrelation to the surrounding host sentence, in that a rich internal syntax obviates the need for any direct syntactic ­connection between host and NAP. It is shown that NAPs are structurally independent sentence fragments that can be freely employed either sequentially (as ‘afterthoughts’) or as interpolated, ­supplemental speech acts, autonomous from the host in prosody, interpretation, and syntax. The ­analysis ­renders superfluous powerful extensions of core syntax/semantics proposed in previous work to capture the syntactic properties of NAPs and other parentheticals, concluding instead that NAPs warrant no enrichment of UG.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
AASERT: Microphase Separation, Viscoelastic Properties and Aging of Amorphous Polyurethane Elastomers

Thermally stable polynrethanes with low flow temperatures were synthesized at fixed soft segment content (50%), and the relationship between their microstructure and linear viscoelastic properties were studied as a function of block length and block incompatibility. It was found that the materials changed from homogeneous to microphase-separated as segment length and incompatibility increased. Dynamic mechanical experiments demonstrated that unlike most di-and triblock copolymers, polyurethanes are incapable of developing long-range order due to large polydispersity in their segment length. A separate part of this report involves synthesizing novel biocidal dendrimers by converting the end groups of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers to quaternary ammonium salts. The antibacterial properties of these dendritic biocides against Escherichia coli were evaluated using a bioluminescence method. Bioluminescence studies showed that novel dendritic architecture improved the potency of quaternary ammonium compounds over 100 times against E. coli. The activity of these biocidal dendrimers against Staphylococcus aureus was characterized by suspension tests. The effectiveness of these series of dendritic biocides depended on the length of alkyl chains used in the quaternization and dendrimer size (generations). Biocides from PPI dendrimers were also shown to be more effective than those derived from Perstop hyperbranched polymers.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Table S4 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors

&lt;p&gt;Associations of haplotypes with cardiomyopathy&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Does Decision Making for Others Close the Gender Gap in Competition?

We examine whether the gender gap in competitiveness in stereotypically male tasks persists when the decision to compete is made by someone else. In a within-subject laboratory experiment, decision makers make competition entry decisions for both themselves and a randomly selected other. Although we replicate the standard gender gap in decisions for oneself, we do not find a gender gap when the decision to compete is made by someone else. This is driven by men being significantly more willing to enter themselves than others into competitions. Men’s and women’s willingness to enter others into competitions is statistically indistinguishable from women’s willingness to enter themselves into competitions. Subgroup analyses reveal that competitive preferences are significantly greater for Asian than non-Asian subjects. Our results have implications for the effectiveness of nominations and mentorship to close gender gaps in labor market outcomes that are affected by competitive preferences. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Russell Sage Foundation [Grant G-5602]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4861 .

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Politics in Groups

The study of government in society has tended to concentrate on the State, yet government and politics exist and operate in other associations than the State. Not only political institutions like parties and interest groups but also football clubs, like that at Pentrediwaith, or other associations are microcosms of the State with their own government and internal politics. This internal politics can have a significance for the State and can be studied for this reason, but it can also operate in a way that has little if any significance for the State while nevertheless having an importance for those who are seeking simply to understand government and politics as integral features of the life of man in society.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrated Lime–Enriched CO2 Sequestration Binders Reinforced by Polyvinyl Alcohol

Carbon capture utilization and storage technique (CCUS) is an effective way to mitigate climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration binders (CSB) composed of hydrated lime (CH) and cement has great application prospects in CCUS. Although CH in CSB can improve the carbon absorption capacity, it causes a significant decrease in flexural strength. This study focused on the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the CO2 absorption capacity and flexural strength of CSB. The results show that PVA is beneficial to enhancing the flexural strength of CSB either under natural carbonation or accelerated carbonation. This enhancement is more pronounced at an early age for CSB with high CH content. Furthermore, CO2 uptake experiments show that the PVA would not reduce the CO2 absorption of CSB and even has a slight improvement effect. Finally, thermodynamic modeling and price calculation were adopted for CSB to illustrate the chemical phase and economic cost changes. The outcomes of this study shed new light on PVA to optimize CSB.

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sustainability Assessment of a Power Generation System Using DSR-HNS Framework

In this paper, an improved energy policy making and assessment framework based on human, nature, and system dimensions is described first in conjunction with a systematic assessment procedure including analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to manage and analyze huge and diverse sets of information belonging to a wide time span. A new sustainability index is introduced and incorporated into the assessment procedure to present the sustainability status of any energy system by a single criterion. Using the framework and procedure, Iran power generation system is then assessed as a case study from a sustainability point of view by defining and manipulating many indicators over half a century. The results reveal that the dimensions of the system are located in a sustainable bandwidth. However, the temporal trends of the dimensions show an unbalanced development of the system. The assessment provides an essential first step for improving the current electricity policies of the country.

Topic: Electric Power System Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrating invasion and disease in the risk assessment of live bird trade

Abstract Aim International trade in plants and animals generates significant economic benefits. It also leads to substantial unintended impacts when introduced species become invasive, causing environmental disturbance or transmitting diseases that affect people, livestock, other wildlife or the environment. Policy responses are usually only implemented after these species become established and damages are already incurred. International agreements to control trade are likewise usually based on selection of species with known impacts. We aim to further develop quantitative invasive species risk assessment for bird imports and extend the tool to explicitly address disease threats. Location United States of America. Methods We use a two‐step approach for rapid risk assessment based on the expected biological risks due to both the environmental and health impact of a potentially invasive wildlife species in trade. We assess establishment probability based on a model informed by historical observations and then construct a model of emerging infectious disease threat based on economic and ecological characteristics of the exporting country. Results We illustrate how our rapid assessment tool can be used to identify high‐priority species for regulation based on a combination of the threat they pose for becoming established and vectoring emerging infectious diseases. Main conclusions Our approach can be executed for a species in a matter of days and is nested in an economic decision‐making framework for determining whether the biological risk is justified by trade benefits.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aspects of Using a Boersch Type Phase Shifting Device for Contrast Enhancement in Macromolecular Electron Microscopy

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of occult micrometastases in patients with early gastric cancer using anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies.

The presence of occult micrometastases was evaluated in 1488 lymph nodes removed from 139 patients with node-negative early gastric cancer (EGC). Additional multiple levels of the lymph nodes were examined with haematoxylin-eosin staining and keratin immunostaining. Occult nodal micrometastases were detected in 24 patients (17%) in one or more lymph nodes dissected after a gastrectomy. The cases investigated were a small group from a total of 412 EGC patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between 1976 and 1997; the mean follow-up period was 9 years (range 1-22). We found no significant differences between cytokeratin-negative and positive patients regarding the following clinicopathological parameters: age, gender, tumour size and site, macroscopic and microscopic type, depth of invasion and type of infiltration, according to Kodama's classification. The survival rate at 5 years was 88% and 87% for cytokeratin-negative and positive patients, respectively (log-rank = 0.6; ns). Our data suggest that occult micrometastases do not add useful information and immunohistochemical studies to detect them are probably unnecessary.

Topic: Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knowledge management metrics via a balanced scorecard methodology

IT professionals are finding that more of their IT investments are being measured against a knowledge management (KM) metric. Those who want to deploy foundation technologies such as groupware, CRM or decision support tools, but fail to justify them on the basis of their contribution to KM, may find it difficult to get funding unless they can frame them within the KM context. Determining KM's pervasiveness and impact is analogous to measuring the contribution of marketing, employee development, or any other management or organizational competency. The paper addresses the problem of developing measurement models for KM metrics and discusses what current KM metrics are in use, and examines their sustainability and soundness in assessing knowledge utilization and retention of generating revenue. The paper then discusses the use of a Balanced Scorecard approach to determine a business-oriented relationship between strategic KM usage and IT strategy and implementation.

Topic: Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Promoting understanding of special education procedural safeguards through a parental workshop

By law, parents of children with disabilities must receive their Procedural Safeguards every time their student is going to be evaluated, re-evaluated, or considered for a change of disability identification or placement. Special Education teachers provide parents with a copy of Procedural Safeguards in their native language and provide an oral explanation of the safeguards. These efforts are often not enough for parents to understand their rights. This study analyzed the impact of providing a workshop on Procedural Safeguards for Spanish speaking parents. The research also examined parent's perception in regards to participation in IEPs. The results suggest that the workshop was valuable to parents. Following the workshop, the Spanish-speaking parents expressed greater self-confidence in participating in IEP meetings and the majority appeared to have maintained information relevant to the Procedural Safeguards and IEP process.

Topic: Parental Involvement in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Background of Visual Attention – Theory and Experiments

This chapter is a continuation and an extension of the previous chapter. After the brief introduction of selective visual attention in the previous chapter, we present more details on the related knowledge, theory and experiments for visual attention. Section 2.1 describes the relevant basic properties and structures of the human visual system (HVS). In Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the widely used feature integration theory (FIT), as well as its extension (i.e. the guided search (GS) theory), is to be discussed, with the experimental confirmation available. FIT deals with bottom-up attention, while GS enables a combination of bottom-up and top-down attention. Section 2.4 further discusses the time binding theory for multi-feature integration at the neuronal level. Section 2.5 gives insight into some important issues in visual attention modelling, such as competition, normalization and frequency whitening. The final section covers statistical signal processing, which can be used for modelling visual attention alone or jointly with other principles in biology. The content in this chapter is the source of inspiration for many computational models of the human visual attention. It will help the reader not only to understand the existing computational attention models to be presented throughout this book, but also to build new systems because some crucial aspects of visual attention have not been incorporated in computational and engineering models yet, due to the difficulties in modelling, as well as application scenarios not being explored.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
SEQUENCING OF PLANNED AND UNPLANNED BIRTHS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MID- AND LATER-LIFE HEALTH AMONG NLSY79 WOMEN

Abstract Existing studies demonstrate that unplanned births (e.g., unwanted, mistimed) are associated with worse health for mothers in the short-term and—according to some preliminary evidence—in mid- and later-life. Yet as life course and reproductive career frameworks highlight, childbearing experiences often unfold over a number of years, with a considerable amount of diversity in pregnancy and birth experiences even for the same individual. For example, a person may have an unplanned birth in late adolescence followed by only planned births in early adulthood. In order to provide a more holistic understanding of how birthing experiences births are associated with midlife health, we use Sequence Analysis (SA) on the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79; N=3,992) to examine how patterning of planned and unplanned births is associated with physical and mental health at ages 50 and 60 (SF-12). Preliminary analysis indicates that compared to respondents with only planned births, respondents with unplanned birth(s) followed by planned birth(s) have worse physical and mental health at midlife, but there is no difference in health for respondents with only planned births, only unplanned births, and planned birth(s) followed by unplanned birth(s). Future analysis with SA will consider how more detailed sequences (e.g., timing, number and type, ordering, spacing) are associated with these mid- and later-life health outcomes, taking into account selection factors such as childhood SES and educational attainment. This project demonstrates the need for life course perspectives on the long-term health implications of unplanned births, recognizing diversity within and between individuals.

Topic: Family Dynamics and Relationships
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spectral decomposition of 1D Fokker - Planck differential operator

We construct spectral decomposition of 1D Fokker - Planck differential operator. This reveal solution of Cauchy problem. We develop fundamental solution of Cauchy problem and compare it with one obtained by other means in our former work [5].

Topic: Fractional Differential Equations Solutions
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intrinsic low-frequency variability of the Mediterranean Sea circulation studied using a multilayer ocean model

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Intrinsic chaotic variability in the oceans is an active field of research in modern oceanography, with important implications concerning the understanding and predictability of the ocean system. The focus is mainly on open ocean basins while very little attention is devoted to enclosed or semi-enclosed seas. The intrinsic variability of the Mediterranean Sea, in particular, has not yet been investigated. Here, results obtained with an eddy-resolving nonlinear multilayer ocean model are presented shedding light on relevant aspects of the intrinsic low-frequency variability of the Mediterranean Sea circulation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An ensemble of multi-centennial ocean runs is performed to allow for a significant statistical analysis. The statistically stationary state obtained after long simulations shows a robust meridional structure consistent with the observed Mediterranean mean state. Among the various features emerging in the decadal and multidecadal temporal ranges are abrupt shifts in the water mass stratification structure. Differences and similarities with observed patterns are finally discussed.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences