jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
No difference in sensitivity for occult infection between oxine and tropolone labeled In-111 leukocytes when imaged early

There is an ongoing debate whether oxine or tropolone is the best labeling agent for indium leukocytes. Recent studies have given conflicting results concerning leukocyte viability, chemotaxis, and the ability to detect abscesses early with the two materials. The authors have undertaken a long-term prospective study to see which material gives the best clinical results early, 1-4 hours following injection. To date, 55 patients have been studied. The first 35 patients' leukocytes were autologously labeled with oxine; the next 20 with tropolone. Imaging was performed 1-4 hours post injection (mean 3) and repeated at 24 hours. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical course, x-ray studies, surgery, and necropsy studies. Oxine: 19 of 35 (54%) patient studied had a clinical site of infection. The early images had a sensitivity of only 44% (7 of 16) whereas the delayed images were 95% sensitive. Of the cases positive both early and at 24 hours, 70% had more intense uptake at 24 hours. Tropolone: 8 of 20 (40%) patient studied had a clinical site of infection. The early images had a sensitivity of 50% (4 of 8) whereas the delayed images picked up all sites of infection. Thirty-three percent of the cases positive bothmore » early and at 24 hours had more intense uptake at 24 hours. There was no statistical difference in the sensitivities between oxine and tropolone labeled white cells. At present, the authors find no difference in the early sensitivity at 1-4 hours between oxine and tropolone labeled leukocytes.« less

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Serological studies].

Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia is most often caused by immunization towards the platelet-specific, glycoprotein IIIa-associated antigen HPA-1a (previous nomenclature PlA1, Zwa), but other defined platelet-specific antigens may also be involved. An HPA-1a-negative mother carrying an HPA-1a-positive child occurs in 1/50 of all pregnancies. However, HPA-1a-immunization occurs only in 1/1000 of all pregnancies, and only a proportion of the children are clinically affected. If the mother is positive for HLA-B8/DR3 she is known to be at risk for immunization. The serological diagnosis of thrombocyte immunization requires careful typing and investigation of antibodies, and reliable typing reagents. The quantitation of the mother's antibody is of little predictive value for the child's outcome, but intrauterine cord sampling can be a useful tool for improving the prenatal diagnosis.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PENGARUH MUROTTAL TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT NYERI IBU BERSALIN KALA I FASE AKTIF DI RSUD dr. ZAINOEL ABIDIN

Labor pain can cause hyperventilation. This situation will stimulate an increase in catecholamines which can cause obstruction in the strength of uterine contractions such as uterine inertia. The condition can cause fetal distress and maternal death during childbirth. Monitoring and intervention of labor pain in the first stage, especially in the active phase is very important, because it determines whether a mother can undergo a normal delivery or must given an intervention because of severe pain. One of the distraction techniques that can be used is murottal Al-Qur'an. Distraction is an act of diverting the pain experienced by doing something else. One of them is listening to murottal Al-Qur'an. The purpose of the research is to describe the effect of murottal on reducing the level of maternal pain during the active phase of the first stage of labor in dr. Zainoel Abidin hospital. This research is a quantitative research, where the research design used is Quasi Experimental Design with One Group Pretest-Postest. The population is all mothers who give birth during the Active phase of first stage totaling 30 people. In this study, before the intervention the average pain scale was 3.00 with standar deviation of 0.830. After the intervention the average pain scale was 1.67 with standar deviation of 0.547 with an average difference of 1.33. The result show that murrotal has significantly effect on reducing the level of maternal pain in the active phase of first stage at dr. Zainoel Abidin hospital with p-value 0.001. the conclusion is it was suggested to midwife apply murottal al-qur'an services to intrapartum patients to reduce labor pain levels.

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Troubling Violence: A Performance Project

Carver and Lawless' text focuses on the dynamic work of the Troubling Violence Performance Project, a performance troupe they formed in reaction to Lawless' gathering of the narratives of victims of domestic violence.This powerful book explores the interdisciplinary partnership of Carver and Lawless (Carver is a performance studies scholar and Lawless hails from folklore studies) and its effects on performing, ethnography, writing, and, most importantly, the lives of women affected by domestic violence.The writing of the book is modeled on a theatrical performance (there is a ''Pre-show'' chapter, along with Acts I and II) and is highly readable because of the performative, nonlinear narrative that follows the creation, experiences, and reflexivity about the troupe's work.As the authors acknowledge, ''to tell the story of the troupe in linear fashion would be to deny the work's multiple and circular patterns'' (4).In this spirit, I am inclined to move through the text thematically.The authors utilized performative writing throughout the text, and relied heavily on the essays compiled in The Green Window collection to build a justification for it.Although Carver and Lawless are adding no new theoretical moments to the conversation they construct between The Green Window's authors, they offer a strong example of the viability of performative writing.Pulling it into conversation with contemporary ethnographic practices within the field, they mark interdisciplinary chasms; Lawless' critique is especially compelling.In response to a prominent communication ethnographic text, as she explains her unease: but to even offer a brief history of the ''ethnography of communication'' and not mention sociolinguistics and anthropological and folklore studies that have emerged in full force over the past thirty-plus years seems to me to be a blatant example of the isolation of academic disciplines.(23)

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis and numerical treatment of bulk-surface reaction-diffusion models of Gierer-Meinhardt type

We consider a Gierer-Meinhardt system on a surface coupled with a parabolic PDE in the bulk, the domain confined by this surface. Such a model was recently proposed and analyzed for two-dimensional bulk domains by Gomez, Ward and Wei (SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 18, 2019). We prove the well-posedness of the bulk-surface system in arbitrary space dimensions and show that solutions remain uniformly bounded in parabolic Hölder spaces for all times. The proof uses Schauders fixed point theorem and a splitting in a surface and a bulk part. We also solve a reduced system, corresponding to the assumption of a well mixed bulk solution, numerically. We use operator-splitting methods which combine a finite element discretization of the Laplace-Beltrami operator with a positivity-preserving treatment of the source and sink terms. The proposed methodology is based on the flux-corrected transport (FCT) paradigm. It constrains the space and time discretization of the reduced problem in a manner which provides positivity preservation, conservation of mass, and second-order accuracy in smooth regions. The results of numerical studies for the system on a two-dimensional sphere demonstrate the occurrence of localized steady-state multispike pattern that have also been observed in one-dimensional models.

Topic: Differential Equations and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Screening for metabolic syndrome in long-term psychiatric illness: Audit of patients receiving depot antipsychotic medication at a psychiatry clinic

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypertension) is a substantial public health problem, especially amongst individuals receiving antipsychotic medication.Methods: We studied routine screening practices for metabolic syndrome amongst psychiatry outpatients receiving injected depot anti-psychotic medication at a clinic in Dublin, Ireland.Results: Our initial audit (n = 64) demonstrated variable levels of documentation of criteria for metabolic syndrome in outpatient files; e.g.weight was recorded in 1.6% of files, serum high density lipoprotein in 12.5%.As our intervention, we introduced a screening check-list comprising risk factors and criteria for metabolic syndrome, based on the definition of the International Diabetes Federation.Re-audit (n = 54) demonstrated significantly improved levels of documentation; e.g.weight was recorded in 61.1% of files.Notwithstanding these improvements, only 11 (20.4%) of 54 patient files examined in the re-audit, contained sufficient information to determine whether or not the patient fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome; of these, 3 patients (27.3%) fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome.There was, however, significant additional morbidity in relation to individual criteria (waist circumference, serum triglyceride level, systolic blood pressure and serum fasting glucose).Conclusions: We recommend enhanced attention be paid to metabolic morbidity in this patient group.

Topic: Schizophrenia research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 729361: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evidence for Imbalanced Furosemide‐Sensitive Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> Cotransport in Hereditary Stomatocytosis

The red cells from 5 related patients with hereditary stomatocytosis were investigated. Maximal rate constant of Na + passive permeability was increased while that of K + passive permeability was nearly normal. Ouabain‐sensitive Na + efflux was elevated. The Na + component of furosemide‐sensitive Na + , K + cotransport was also increased. However, its K + component, determined in 2 patients, remained within normal limits, thus departing from the strict 1:1 stoichiometry of the Na + , K + cotransport system. Yet, intracellular Na + and K + concentrations displayed limited and inconstant changes. A variety of abnormally‐shaped cells, including stomatocytes, were observed in scanning electron micrographs. Upon differential centrifugation, reticulocytes usually concentrated in the most dense region of the gradient. Red cell deformability, as studied by ektacytometry, was reduced. Membrane phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were increased and decreased, respectively, whereas fatty acid distribution was unchanged. Membrane microviscosity was normal.

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ion chemistry for the detection of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds in ambient air

A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and a flowing afterglow apparatus were used to study reactions of benzene cations (C 6 H 6 + and (C 6 H 6 ) 2 + ) with a series of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both cations react at the collision rate with compounds of lower ionization potential than benzene, such as isoprene (C 5 H 8 ), other conjugated dienes, and aromatics. These ions are generally unreactive with substances of higher ionization potential such as alkanes, simple alcohols, simple carbonyls, etc. The results demonstrate that C 6 H 6 + and (C 6 H 6 ) 2 + are excellent reagent ions for the sensitive detection of isoprene in air with a CIMS. However, 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol (MBO) and C 5 H 8 conjugated dienes were identified as potential interferences to this technique. This indicates that the selectivity of the CIMS isoprene measurement must be tested by intercomparison with well‐established methods, e.g. gas chromatography techniques.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strain-induced Change of Electronic Band Structure of Dumbbell-Shape Graphene Nanoribbon

In this study, a novel dumbbell-shape graphene nanoribbon (DS-GNR) was proposed for use in electronic devices, such as strain sensors. The electronic band structure of various dumbbell-shape (DS) structures and its change under the application of strain were analyzed by using first-principles calculations. All the first-principles calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the SIESTA package. The DS-GNR has two single GNR (S-GNR) components. The narrow and the wider S-GNRs form the sensing part and electrode part of the DS-GNR respectively, and connect to each other directly. Due to the intrinsic properties of graphene, two different widths of S-GNRs demonstrate two different electronic properties simultaneously. It has an unpredictable potential for improving the performance of electronic devices by applying only carbon atoms. Further, the complex fabrication procedures of devices can be minimized by using the proposed structure. The electronic band structure of DS-GNR decreases as the width of DS-GNR increases. The different combinations of the electrode part and sensing part of DS-GNR affect the band gap of DS-GNR. Furthermore, the electronic band structure of DS-GNR shows a significant change as a function of strain loaded on its structure. Thus, the DS-GNR structure is applicable to a highly sensitive strain sensor because the electronic properties of this structure can be controlled by the width of GNR and the strain-induced electronic band structure change.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cyber-bullying from a socio-ecological perspective: a review of evidence from cross-national data

Background: Involvement in bullying has been shown to result from a complex interplay between individuals and their wider social environment. Using Bronfenbrenner's classic ecological theory as a starting point the current paper reviews findings on cyber-bullying from the cross-national survey data of the EU Kids Online project; a representative sample of 25,142 internet-using European children aged 9-16 years. Methods: Research outputs on cyber-bullying using the EU Kids Online data were accumulated. With the child at the centre, factors associated with cyberbullying were considered at different levels of the socio-ecological system: a) the individual level (e.g., socio-demographic, psychological and internet use characteristics of the child), b) the immediate social environment (e.g., awareness, mediation and support sought of parents, teachers and peers), and c) the more distal environment (e.g., policy regulations, national statistics and cultural norms at the country level).The results for each level were reviewed and synthesised using a qualitative approach. Findings: Risk and protective factors associated with the experience of cyber-bullying were identified on the level of the individual (e.g., psychological difficulties increased risk), the social environment (e.g., peer support increased coping), the country (e.g., higher national crime rates increased risk) and their interactions (e.g., online activities were related to cyber-bullying dependent on countries’ mobile phone penetration). Discussion: An evidence-based framework with regards to the experience of cyber-bullying among young people from a socio-ecological perspective is presented. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts to consider different levels of the socio-ecological system as well as their interactions are pointed out.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Associations of Home-Based Screen Time and Its’ Changes With Follow-up Body Mass Index in Chinese Preschool-Aged Children

This study aimed to explore the associations of screen time (ST) and its’ changes with follow-up body mass index (BMI) in preschool children. Parents of 805 preschoolers participated in our study at baseline and were followed up after 1 year in China. Linear regression models were used to analyze the dynamic relationship between ST and BMI in preschool children. A total of 662 preschoolers, including 342 boys (51.7%) and 320 girls (48.3%) were followed up. The changes in ST (from the initial ≤1 h/day to &gt;1 h/day at follow-up vs keep ≤1 h/d, β(SE) = 0.21(0.09), P = .016) and follow-up ST of preschool children (&gt;1 h/d vs ≤1 h/d, β(SE) = 0.17(0.07), P = .013) were significantly associated with an increase in the preschoolers’ z-scored BMI at follow-up after adjusting for potential confounding factors. We concluded that the unfavorable change in ST was associated with increased BMI in preschool children.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history

Many studies in humans have shown that adverse experience in early life is associated with accelerated reproductive timing, and there is comparative evidence for similar effects in other animals. There are two different classes of adaptive explanation for associations between early-life adversity and accelerated reproduction, both based on the idea of predictive adaptive responses (PARs). According to external PAR hypotheses, early-life adversity provides a ‘weather forecast’ of the environmental conditions into which the individual will mature, and it is adaptive for the individual to develop an appropriate phenotype for this anticipated environment. In internal PAR hypotheses, early-life adversity has a lasting negative impact on the individual's somatic state, such that her health is likely to fail more rapidly as she gets older, and there is an advantage to adjusting her reproductive schedule accordingly. We use a model of fluctuating environments to derive evolveability conditions for acceleration of reproductive timing in response to early-life adversity in a long-lived organism. For acceleration to evolve via the external PAR process, early-life cues must have a high degree of validity and the level of annual autocorrelation in the individual's environment must be almost perfect. For acceleration to evolve via the internal PAR process requires that early-life experience must determine a significant fraction of the variance in survival prospects in adulthood. The two processes are not mutually exclusive, and mechanisms for calibrating reproductive timing on the basis of early experience could evolve through a combination of the predictive value of early-life adversity for the later environment and its negative impact on somatic state.

Topic: Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[Biomechanical studies of various forms of symphysis banding].

The banding operation with polydioxanone cord for pelvis stabilization after accidental symphysis rupture is altogether reliable. Nevertheless in some cases we saw later on non satisfying reduction results in the "pelvis-half-joints"--especially in intense dislocation of the iliosacral amphiarthrosis. For improving the stability we investigated the stiffness character of some different methods with four PDS cords varied by four and six drilling holes. By increasing number of holes and short intentions direction knotted cords the stability is growing by 25%.

Topic: Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thalidomide Life Threatening Hypokalemia

Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5 mEq/L; however, certain illnesses, and dietary deficiencies and medication can lead to potassium imbalances in the body.Thalidomide was teratrogenic but it has reemerged in the market.Thalidomide has anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties.Low-dose thalidomide significantly reduced the cough and also improved the patients' quality of life but it can cause hypokalemia .We present to you a case of interstitial lung disease taking thalidomide in low dose for her intractable cough suffering from severe hypokalemia.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
constantine's religion

When did constantine convert to christianity, and why? Historians are still debating these questions. after briefly reviewing the different points of view on this subject, this article attempts to define constantine's atti- tude to religio, on the basis of his writings, in particular his forty letters and speeches. after constantine abandoned his previous thinking on christianity, he came to think of religio as meaning christianity alone, understood as the religion which centres on a single god who is both om- nipotent and provident, on his son, whose teachings lead human beings to salvation, and on the one true church, whose unity he both desired and defended.

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of Target Base Rate on Training and Transfer of Learning in Airline Luggage Screening: An Examination of Three Base Rate Scenarios

Summary We examined the extent to which transfer of training is impacted by target probability and physical similarity of training and transfer stimuli. Participants performed a luggage screening task where they trained on three base rates of weapon presence as follows: 100%, 50% and 20%; at transfer, participants detected the same weapons (Study 1) or novel weapons (Studies 2 and 3) at a base rate of 20%. In Study 3, we modified training such that all participants observed the same absolute number of weapons (n = 100) across base rate conditions. In Study 1, different base rates did not significantly impact transfer. In Study 2, 100% base rates helped hit rates at transfer but increased false alarms via liberal shifts in decision criteria and slowed detection times. Study 3 revealed no effect of base rates on transfer hit rates; however, training on 100% base rates still led to liberal responding and inflated false alarms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences