jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Addition Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide with p-Dodecylbenzenesulfonamide and Surface Activities of the Products

長鎖芳香族スルホンアミドとエチレンオキシドとの反応およびその生成物の諸物性の内容については余り知られていないので,これらを明らかにするために本研究を行なつた。p-ドデシルベンゼンスルホンアミドとエチレンオキシドとを反応させて,生成物をシリカゲルを充テンしたカラムクロマトグラフ法で分別した。これらの分別試料について,薄層クロマトグラフィー,赤外吸収スペクトルおよび核磁気共鳴スペクトル分析を行ない,各試料の化学構造を推定した。ついで各試料水溶液の比重,表面張力,乳化,可溶化,分散およびぬれ剤のテストを行なった結果,これら試料はかなりの界面活性を示し,乳化剤,可溶化剤およびぬれ剤としてすぐれていることが明らかとなった。

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cooperative target-capturing with inaccurate target information

This paper presents distributed formation control of a multi-agent system to encircle a maneuvering target using Lyapunov and graph theories with emphasis on consensus and cooperation. The proposed approach embeds a consensus algorithm into a robust controller to capture a target whose information is partially known. To address this issue, a cooperative strategy in conjunction with a controller is proposed to enable a fleet of UAVs either to escort a target to a desired destination or to keep the target movement restricted in a certain set in order to gain superiority. We have employed a sliding mode controller to achieve a target centered formation whose information is partially available to the capturing vehicles. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Study of Dynamic Frictional Sliding Modes along Incoherent Interfaces

Dynamic sliding along incoherent (frictional) interfaces is investigated experimentally in a microsecond time scale. A bimaterial system comprised of Homalite and steel plates and a homogeneous system consisting of two Homalite plates are considered. The plates are held together by a uniform compressive stress while dynamic sliding is initiated by an impact-induced shear loading. The evolution of maximum shear stress contours is recorded by high-speed photography in conjunction with dynamic photoelasticity. Simultaneously with photoelasticity, a newly-developed technique based on laser interferometry is employed to locally measure the sliding speed at the interface. The response of the Homalite-steel bimaterial system differs according to whether the impact loading is applied to the Homalite plate or to the steel plate. In the first case, a disturbance traveling along the interface at a constant speed close to the Rayleigh wave speed of steel generates a shear Mach line crossing the P-wave front. Sliding initiates behind the P-wave front in the Homalite plate and it propagates at a supershear speed with respect to the shear wave speed of Homalite. A disturbance, traveling at constant speeds between the shear wave speed and the longitudinal wave speed of Homalite, appears behind the sliding tip. Wrinkle-like opening pulses, propagating along the bimaterial interface at a constant speed between the Rayleigh wave and the shear wave speed of Homalite, are also observed. When the impact loading is applied to the steel plate, sliding at a given point initiates with the arrival of the P-wave front there, so that the rupture is sonic with respect to steel and supersonic with respect to Homalite. In all the experiments performed on the bimaterial structure (Homalite-steel), sliding always occurred in a crack-like mode. In the case of a homogeneous system of Homalite plates however, direct physical evidence of different modes of sliding is recorded. Crack-like sliding, pulse-like sliding and mixed mode sliding in the form of pulses followed by a crack are discovered. Supersonic trailing pulses are also recorded. Behind the sliding tip, wrinkle-like opening pulses are developed for a wide range of impact speeds and confining stresses.

Topic: Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 1 of Is energy excess the initial trigger of carbon overflow metabolism? Transcriptional network response of carbon-limited Escherichia coli to transient carbon excess

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Metabolic response to the addition of a single glucose pulse to a glucose-limited continuous culture. Time course data of carbon dioxide transfer rates (CTR). The differently coloured curves correspond to three different independent experiments. Time zero indicates the time point of the glucose pulse. Experimental conditions as specified in the Materials and methods section of the main manuscript. Fig. S2. Cluster validity index ‘Silhouette’. Differentially expressed genes showing at least a log2 fold change of ± 1.5 in response to the glucose pulse were sorted into clusters using a constrained k-means algorithm [1] with the background information of transcription factor (TF)/ sigma factor (SF) - target gene interaction form RegulonDB database (http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx/) [2, 3]. The optimal cluster number (N = 14) was determined by repeated calculation of the cluster validity index ‘Silhouette’ [4]. Mean and standard deviation of the cluster validity index ‘Silhouette’ are shown in the y-axis. Fig. S3. Detailed analysis of transcript changes in response to the glucose pulse from indicated pathways are given in Figs. S4 – S10. Fig. S4. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins involved in carbohydrate transport. Fig. S5. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and pyruvate decarboxy-lation. Fig. S6. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from methylglyoxal metabolism. Fig. S7. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from by-product metabolism. Fig. S8. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from TCA cycle, glyoxylate shunt and anaplerotic reactions. Fig. S9. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from respiratory energy generation. Fig. S10. Heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from the GABA shunt (acid resistance system 2, AR2) and the mass, energy and redox balance of the GABA shunt (2-oxoglutarate to succinate). Fig. S11. Condensed heat-map of time course profiles of transcripts (log2 fold change) encoding designated proteins from central catabolic pathways.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Family Polyomaviridae

Polyomaviruses (PyV) are unenveloped DNA viruses with T=7 icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of ~45 nm. PyV genomes are covalently closed double- stranded DNA (~5000 bp) associated with histones. A few PyVs are cause with disease, but historically they were studied as models for understanding the processes of DNA replication, transcription, cell cycle control, and cell transformation. PyVs tumor (T) antigens are transforming proteins due to their ability to bind and inactivate pRB family members and p53. Most humans are infected with PyVs and these seldom cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. Increased use of immunosuppressive drugs has lead to increased reports of PyV-associated disease.

Topic: Polyomavirus and related diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1110-P: Algorithmic Identification of Atypical Diabetes in Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems

Understanding atypical forms of diabetes may lead to personalized treatment regimens and discovery of novel pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetes. We aimed to create a high-throughput method for identifying patients with atypical diabetes in large electronic health record (EHR) databases and validate this method in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank. Patients with likely type 2 diabetes (T2D) were identified using a validated machine-learning (ML) algorithm. “Typical” T2D was filtered out through a “base algorithm” that excluded individuals with body mass index (BMI) ever &amp;gt;30 kg/m2, HDL values ever &amp;lt; 50 mg/dL, and triglycerides ever &amp;gt;150 mg/dL. To remove people with typical type 1 diabetes (T1D) , we tested six additional “branch algorithms,” relying on clinical characteristics, including autoantibodies, medication usage, and T1D diagnosis determined by ML algorithm, resulting in six overlapping cohorts. Charts were then manually reviewed, and diabetes type was classified by two endocrinologists into one of three categories: atypical, not atypical, and indeterminate due to missing information. We identified 1potentially atypical cases, of whom 16 individuals were confirmed to have atypical diabetes after expert review, across the six branch algorithms. The branch algorithm which excluded T1D by removing patients who had ever used outpatient insulin had the highest percentage yield (13 of 27; 48.2%) of atypical diabetes . The 16 atypical cases had significantly lower BMI and higher HDL compared to an unselected group of individuals with T1D or T2D diagnosis by ML algorithm. Compared to the ML T1D group, the atypical group had a significantly higher T2D polygenic score and lower hemoglobin A1c. In summary, we designed an algorithm to identify individuals with atypical diabetes within an EHR database with up to 48% yield which may shed light on the heterogeneity of T2D and help generate cohorts of atypical cases for studies, such as the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) . Disclosure V.Chen: Other Relationship; Draeger. S.Cromer: Other Relationship; Johnson &amp; Johnson Medical Devices Companies, Research Support; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. C.Han: None. W.G.Marshall: None. S.Emongo: None. T.Majarian: Employee; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. J.C.Florez: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Goldfinch Bio, Inc., Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. J.M.Mercader: None. M.Udler: None.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EEHRT: Energy Efficient Technique for Handling Redundant Traffic in Zone-Based Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient technique to handle redundant traffic (EEHRT) in the zone-based routing for wireless sensor networks. In this technique, multihop routing is performed based on the remaining energy of the nodes. Afterwards, it performs position-based routing without the need for the nodes to know their respective position. The main objective of this paper is to handle the redundant packets generated in zone-based routing using short beacon messages. Nodes of lower zones route the data of the higher zone to base station (BS) with a minimum number of hops and utilize only those nodes on the path which are energy efficient and located closer to BS. Moreover, the source node is acknowledged by the relaying node using a wireless broadcast advantage (WBA) without sending any special ACK packet to the sender, which reduces the control overhead in the routing process. The EEHRT technique improves the routing against RARZ by ensuring only one copy of the packet is propagated at each hop along the routing path to BS. Simulation results show that EEHRT achieved 28% improvement in energy efficiency, 10% and 25% improvements in data throughput against total and distinct packet reception at BS respectively, 35% increase in overall network lifetime, and 100% reduction in redundant packets generation and propagation in the network against RARZ routing.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cognitive Mechanism of Analogy and its Role in Processes of Primary Metaphor Creation

The article deals with the problem of the cognitive nature of metaphor formed in the medium of mythological consciousness of the primitive human. It is supposed that such the main features of the mythological thinking as sensory concreteness and inability to form abstract notions caused the nature of the primary metaphor which was formed through the cognitive mechanism of analogy the surrounding objects and phenomena, and the inner mental states of the human – this metaphor was not linguistic, but concrete and sensory. It is ascertained that the direction of metaphorization in the primitive consciousness was inverted to modern one, because the modern people mind uses more intelligible concrete concepts to express abstract concepts, but the primitive humans conceiving themselves as a part of the nature and understanding their inner world as the outer one projected their inner states, which are comprehended as abstract now, onto the natural phenomena, which can be perceived through the organs of sense. It is argued that formation of critical abstract thinking is related with the development of the human cognitive abilities, what caused the metaphorization veer and also the transition from the mythological mind to linguistic one. It is analyzed three approaches to solving the problem of the relation between language and myth where an important argument was the metaphoricity both of thinking and language: 1) the linguistic theory of myth by M. Müller according to which the loss initial sense of the linguistic metaphor generated myth; 2) the theory of myth based not on the linguistic metaphor, but on the concrete sensory analogy of the real objects and human perceptions (E. Tylor, A. Potebnya); 3) Neo-Kantian theory by E. Cassirer which postulates the simultaneous development of language and myth which have the common sources. It is proved that metaphoricity is inherent in the human mind of every historical period, because the linguistic metaphor is based on the cognitive one, that is the latter makes it possible to comprehend the world and ourselves in this world and express the obtained knowledge by means of language. At the same time, metaphoricity and abstractness of thinking are harmonious processes which provides the productive cognizing of the world and the creative working its results out through the fixation of them in the linguistic forms.

Topic: Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Actual condition monitoring of engine oil through an intelligent multi-functional sensing approach

A multifunctional sensor is designed to measure viscosity, cleanness, temperature and capacitance of engine oils to make a clear decision on its condition. The simple structure helps easy fabrication and low cost while measuring four parameters by one sensor. The operation is described theoretically and is supported by experimental data.

Topic: Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Redox Recycling of Protein Thiols Promotes Resistance to Oxidative Killing and Bacterial Survival in Biofilms in a Smoke-Related Infection Model

Chronic bacterial respiratory infections are a significant problem for smoke-exposed individuals, especially those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These infections often persist despite antibiotic use.

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
DNA sequence associated with chromosome translocations in mouse plasmacytomas.

A DNA sequence that generates aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes in murine plasmacytomas is shown to participate in a chromosome translocation. We have previously termed this DNA sequence NIARD for non-immunoglobulin-associated rearranging DNA. NIARD rearrangements were found frequently in murine plasmacytomas but were not detected in normal lymphocytes. These rearrangements occasionally involve the switch region of the C alpha gene. In this study, DNA samples obtained from mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid lines were digested with various restriction endonucleases and analyzed by the Southern transfer technique with a NIARD hybridization probe. These experiments show that NIARD resides on chromosome 15 in the mouse germ line. Since NIARD is found adjacent to the C alpha gene (located on chromosome 12) in some plasmacytomas, it is apparent that a translocation involving these two chromosomes has occurred. We have proposed a rcpT(12;15) model to explain our data. The implications of NIARD rearrangements for malignant transformation are discussed.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Application of Small Pipe Double Liquid Grouting Technique in Tunnel Flow Disposal

Combined with the water inflow treatment of one tunnel engineering project,this paper analyzes the reasons for water inflow,the key technologies and processes of small pipe double liquid grouting from aspects of geological conditions and the specific circumstances of the original tunnel construction.It can provide reference for similar projects.

Topic: Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antidepressant effects of acupuncture in a murine model: regulation of neurotrophic factors

Background: GV20 and Yintang are important targets in acupuncture treatment for depression. In this study, we examined the antidepressant effects of simultaneous acupuncture stimulation at GV20 and Yintang. Methods: We compared the antidepressant effects of manual acupuncture (MA) stimulation at GV20 and Yintang, compared to acupuncture stimulation at two control point locations on the back of the mice (overlying the spinal column) and imipramine administration in a forced swimming (FS)-induced mouse model of depression, and examined the mRNA and protein expression of neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, and NT-4/5 in the brains by real-time polymerase chain reaction in two different experimental schedules – preventive (MA given alongside FS modelling) and therapeutic (MA given after FS-induced depression was already established). Results: MA at GV20 and Yintang significantly reduced the immobility time of mice with FS-induced depression in both preventive and therapeutic experimental designs, with effects that were comparable to those of imipramine administration. Immobility time following simultaneous acupuncture stimulation of the two control point locations overlying the spinal column was significantly suppressed only 2 weeks after the start of FS in the preventive effect experiment, and the suppressive effect was significantly lower than that of simultaneous acupuncture stimulation at GV20 and Yintang. In the therapeutic effect experiment, there was no change in the increase in immobility time after the end of FS. MA at GV20 and Yintang significantly increased the expression of BDNF and NT-3 in the preventive evaluation and NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 in the therapeutic effect evaluation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that simultaneous acupuncture stimulation at GV20 and Yintang is effective for the prevention and treatment of depression, and the effect likely involves modulation of the expression of multiple neurotrophic factors.

Topic: Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Riot and Respectability: The Shifting Terrain of Class Language and Status in Baltimore during the Great Strike of 1877

This essay focuses on people negotiating class boundaries and identities in Baltimore through the revealing prism of the riot that occurred there during the Great Strike of 1877, in order to understand the multiple meanings of class for urban Americans after the Civil War. While working-class consciousness motivated some to support the railroad strikers, the riot illuminates how other participants were situated astride and moved across porous class boundaries, and how vague languages of class lacked the accuracy to describe the social landscape of the Gilded Age. The shifting terrain of class language and status allowed Baltimoreans to contest and shape the meaning of terms like ‘respectability’ by, for instance, wearing ready-made clothing. Yet these unstable categories placed others in uncomfortable positions between working and elite classes in society and between crowd and militia on the streets, threatening their well-being and the ideological fabric of a nation enamored of the virtuous producer-citizen.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Review of Grandmultiparity as an obstetric risk factor at the irrua specialist teaching hospital, Irrua.

Introduction: The relationship between grandmultiparity and reproductive outcome has always been controversial. However, few of such reports have compared pregnancy outcome in grandmultipara to age–matched multipara as control. Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. The obstetric case records of 135 grandmultipara who delivered between the 1st of January 2001 – 31st of December 2005 were compared with same number of age-matched multipara, who delivered at the same period and reproductive outcomes compared.Results: The incidence of ante-partum haemorrhage, abnormal lie, mal-presentation, caesarean section and primary post-partum haemorrhage were all statistically significant findings among the grandmultipara as opposed to age-matched multipara. Conclusion: Grandmultiparity by itself constitutes an increased obstetric risk. Female education, empowerment and use of effective contraception are suggested ways to reduce the incidence of grandmultiparity in our environment.Keywords: Grandmultiparity, pregnancy, haemorrhage, caesarean section.

Topic: Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences