jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Deformable, Movable, and Rigid Surfaces on Force-Input Interactions

The force modality fundamentally transforms the interaction space of traditional touch input. When paired with compliant devices, which deform under force and provide immediate haptic feedback, there is potential to enhance user interactions significantly. However, the effects of compliance on force-input remain under-explored, with limited understanding of their full potential. This article presents the first systematic investigation of the impact of deformable, movable, and rigid surfaces on user performance and experience through three rigorous studies (each N = 28). The results reveal previously unreported effects, including (1) higher maximum comfortable forces on deformable surfaces, (2) user preference for soft and deformable surfaces over rigid surfaces, and (3) improved ability to maintain force input on softer surfaces. These results highlight the benefits of compliant surfaces, contrasting with the dominant use of force-input on rigid devices. These findings guide researchers and designers in optimizing user experience and performance of force-input interactions.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative FM Noise of Free-Running or Phase-Locked Gunn Oscillator and Avalanche Frequency Multipliers in the 94 GHz Region

Measured noise deviations over the video range 0-25 kHz off the carrier are presented for free running or injection locked Gunn oscillators and compared to those obtained with high order avalanche diode frequency multipliers in the vicinity of 94 GHz. Some details are given about the Gunn diode mode of operation and the measuring system is described. The interest of low power phase locked Gunn oscillator as compared to avalanche frequency multiplier in the 94 GHz is discussed.

Topic: Superconducting and THz Device Technology
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structure and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Delafossite-Type Oxide CuFe<sub>1-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤x ≤0.05)

We have investigated crystal structure of delafossite-type oxide CuFe1-xNixO2 (0 ≤x ≤0.05) and measured its thermoelectric properties at high temperatures ranging from 300 and 1100 K. The lattice parameter a of the Ni2+-doped samples is nearly equal to that of CuFeO2, while the lattice parameter c of the Ni2+-doped samples increases. Nearly constant a-axis is due to the decrease of (Fe/Ni)–O distance and simultaneous increase of O–(Fe/Ni)–O angle. Increase of the c-axis is due to the increase of Cu–O distance in the Ni2+-doped samples. The valence states of the Fe- and Cu-sites are calculated from bond valence summation. The valence state of the Fe-site in the Ni2+-doped samples is larger than that of CuFeO2, an indication of hole doping in the Fe-site. This increase of hole carriers enhances the electrical conductivity σ. The highest electrical conductivity is 18 S/cm. Although the Seebeck coefficient S decreased by Ni2+ doping, the S is still high value (S>250 µV/K). The thermal conductivity κ of CuFe1-xNixO2 is relatively high (κ>4 W/mK). The maximum dimensionless figure of merit ZT=σS2T/κ=0.14 is obtained with the sample of x=0.01 at 1100 K, being higher than that of the polycrystalline γ-Na0.7CoO2. There is no significant evaporation of the constituent elements after the heat cycles.

Topic: Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multiple plating from enrichment media as an aid to salmonella isolation

SUMMARY Faeces samples enriched for salmonellas in selenite F broth incubated at 43°C were subcultured to brilliant green MacConkey agar after 6 h. Four platings were made. As a control technique, each sample was enriched in selenite F incubated at 37°C for 24 h and subcultured once to brilliant green MacConkey agar. Of the specimens plated at 6 h, out of a total of 25 positive samples, 6 required more than a single subculture to reveal the presence of salmonellas. Twenty-four positive isolations were made from the selenite broths incubated at 37°C for 24 h and subcultured once only. All faecal samples positive by enrichment were also positive by direct plating. Nine samples seeded by 6 h produced only 1–2 salmonella colonies per plate. Convalescent specimens are, therefore, unlikely to be efficiently diagnosed by early subculture even if it is combined with multiple plating. River Taff samples, after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, were enriched in Rappaport's medium at 37°C for 6 h. Subcultures were made to four plates of brilliant green MacConkey agar. A control subculture was made at 24 h to a single plate of brilliant green MacConkey. Although multiple subculture at 6 h improved salmonella isolation, the method was not as efficient as a single plating from the same enrichment culture at 24 h. There was no evidence that subculture at 6 h combined with multiple plating had a value either for faecal examination or for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage-polluted natural water. Samples of other natural waters submitted routinely by Environmental Health Officers were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water before subculture to Rappa port's medium. The enrichment cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24 h and duplicate platings were made to brilliant green MacConkey agar. By double plating at 24 h, a gain of 16% in salmonella recovery was made. This compares favourably with the gain obtained by subculture from Rappaport after 24 and 48 h incubation. It also saves 24 h in examination time.

Topic: Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of )Echinacea purpurea( extract and identification of extract compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging of the extract were measured. Antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed using well-diffusion method. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Duncan's statistical test. The plant extract showed high level of phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging of the extract was tested at concentrations of 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.35, 0.41, 0.50 g/ml. The concentration of IC50 indicated sufficient inhibitory potential of the extract. The diameter (means ± SD) of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was estimated at 4.67 ± 1.24, 3.11 ± 0.84 and 1.78 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. Based on well-diffusion assay, S. aureus was found more sensitive than E. coli, and E. coli was more sensitive than A. niger. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 81.38% of the total extract compounds were identified. Important components of the extract consisted of germacrene D (21.67%), paracetamol (5.53%), Bernoulli (4.58%), respectively. The results showed that Echinacea extract had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.

Topic: Herbal Medicine Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 383: Cavβ2a Transgenic Mouse as a Hfpef Model With Hypercontractile Cardiomyocytes

Objective: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a preserved cardiac EF, the presence of HF symptoms and diastolic dysfunction. There is a lack of animal models for exploring the mechanisms and treatments of HFpEF. This study aimed to test if cardiomyocyte (CMs) specific, inducible Cavβ2a transgenic (Cavβ2a TG) mice, having hypercontractile CMs, could be a model for HFpEF. Methods: High (HE) and low (LE) expression Cavβ2a TG mice were studied since transgene expression at the age of 2m till the age of 8m monthly to evaluate the systolic and diastolic function. At 8m, animals were euthanized for intra-left ventricular hemodynamic measurement, myocyte function and histological analyses, and Western blotting measurements. Results: LE and HE TG ventricular myocytes (VMs) had greater Ca2+ currents at the age of 2m (LE increased by 95.5%; HE increased by 171.9% ) and maintained at a similar level at the age of 8m. VM contraction and calcium transients had greater amplitudes in TG than in control VMs while the time from the peak contraction to 90% relaxation and the tau of Ca2+ transient decay of VMs were not different between groups probably due to enhanced NCX expression and increased SERCA activity because of increased phospholamban phosphorylation at the Thr17 site. Till 8m, LE and HE mice had a higher level of mortalities than control mice (LE: 32%, HE: 15%, control:5%), but more HE (87.5%) mice showed pleural effusion. The EF was highest in LE mice at the age of 2m but decreased to the same (&gt;60%) as in HE and control mice at 8m. The ratio of mitral E to mitral inflow A wave velocities (E/A) was increased significantly at 3 and 4m then decreased to the lowest in HE at 5m followed by a rise at 6-8m, while LE mice had the lowest E/A at 5m and 6m and increased at 8m. E wave to mitral annulus e’ velocity (e’ wave) was higher in LE and HE groups than control mice. More fibrosis of the LV tissue, cardiomyocyte necrosis was observed in HE than in LE hearts. LE and HE mice had greater left ventricular wall relaxation rates, as indicated by larger reversed radial and longitudinal strain rates. Conclusion: LE and HE mice showed progression of diastolic dysfunction, from impaired relaxation to restrictive filling pattern. Cavβ2a TG mouse is a model for HFpEF for exploring HF pathobiology and mechanisms.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Renewable Technology in The Homeschooling System as an Innovation in Learning

This research is related to innovations that support new learning methods, a more flexible place, a pleasant atmosphere, freedom of thought, focus on individual goals, monitoring, and evaluation to create innovations to improve the quality of learning. The research method used is the grounded theory qualitative research method. Researchers can draw generalizations of what is observed/analyzed inductively and abstract ideas about processes, actions, or interactions based on the views of the participants being studied. The basis for homeschooling modifications in systems research is a combination of private tutoring, tutoring, and schools then added innovation to the fun learning concept, namely learning that is comfortable, getting grades, and having competence. The development of learning for advanced Indonesia is very much needed in this 5.0 era. Homeschooling in the 5.0 era has proven to be good because it is very efficient regarding time, energy, thoughts, etc. Homeschooling on learning includes: homeschooling trains students to innovate and be exploratory. Homeschooling in education makes students able to develop their potential

Topic: Diverse Education Studies and Reforms
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Subsequence Matching Framework

Subsequence matching has appeared to be an ideal approach for
solving many problems related to the fields of data mining and
similarity retrieval. It has been shown that almost any data
class (audio, image, biometrics, signals) is or can be
represented by some kind of time series or string of symbols,
which can be seen as an input for various subsequence matching
approaches. The variety of data types, specific tasks and their
partial or full solutions is so wide that the choice,
implementation and parametrization of a suitable solution for a
given task might be complicated and time-consuming; a possibly
fruitful combination of fragments from different research areas
may not be obvious nor easy to realize. The leading authors of
this field also mention the implementation bias that makes
difficult a proper comparison of competing approaches.
Therefore we developed a generic Subsequence Matching Framework
(SMF) that tries to overcome the aforementioned problems by a
uniform frame that simplifies and speeds up the design,
development and evaluation of subsequence matching related
systems. We identify several relatively separate subtasks
solved differently over the literature and SMF enables to
combine them in straightforward manner achieving new quality
and efficiency. This framework can be used in many application
domains and its components can be reused effectively. Its
strictly modular architecture and openness enables also
involvement of efficient solutions from different fields, for
instance efficient metric-based indexes.

Topic: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Volatiles of an alcoholic extract of flowers from <i>plumeria rubra</i> L. var. <i>acutifolia</i>

Abstract Volatile compounds of an alcoholic extract from flowers of Plumeria rubra L. var acutifolia were isolated by continuous liquid‐liquid extraction with isopentane. The extract was analysed by HRGC and GC‐MS techniques. A total of 27 compounds were identified, of which 16 are reported for the first time in this flower.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A New Species of Arthroderma Established According to Biological Species Concepts

SUMMARYThirteen soil isolates of Arthroderma lenticularum which possesses a Trichophyton terrestre imperfect stage, and a Arthroderma perfect stage were obtained. A. lenticularum would not mate with any known Arthroderma species, but exhibited complete intraspecific compatibility. It therefore fulfilled the primary criterion of a biological species.The most reliable method for identification and separation of it from A. quadrifidum was that of mating incompatibility.Morphologically A. lenticularum possesses the T. terrestre conidial form and the symmetrically dumb-bell shaped peridial cells of A. uncinatum. It is further distinguished by its yellow pigmentation.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Inhaled Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) on Lung Functions in Adult Stable Bronchiectasis

<b>Background:</b> Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent airway dilatation. Patients suffer from daily cough, breathlessness and exacerbation resulting in poor quality of life. Although inhaled LAMA was widely accepted in COPD in improving FEV1, its effects in bronchiectasis patients have not been studied. <b>Methods:</b> All symptomatic bronchiectasis diagnosed by computed tomography were enrolled. Patients who had exacerbation or change of medication in the previous 4 weeks were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive inhaled tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®) or placebo. Pulmonary functions and hyperinflation were assessed by body phletysmograph at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was FEV<sub>1</sub> change at 12th weeks. Other outcomes included residual volume (RV), SGRQ score, six minute walk distance, and adverse events. <b>Results:</b> Total of 27 bronchiectasis patients were enrolled which 80% were female with and mean age was 61.4±8.9 years. Spirometry patterns were normal (33%), obstructive (30%), mixed obstructive-restrictive (30%), and restrictive (7%). Increased RV/TLC ratio was observed in all cases. At 12th weeks, pre-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> was improved in tiotropium group (70 ml, p = 0.009). Interestingly, RV was significantly reduced in patients receiving tiotropium compared with placebo (-70 ml vs +180 ml, p = 0.021). FEV<sub>1</sub> improvement was more obvious in patients with obstructive defect compared with placebo (160 ml, 20 ml, p=0.027). No major adverse event was reported. <b>Conclusion:</b> Inhaled long acting muscarinic antagonist might be beneficial in symptomatic bronchiectasis, mainly by reduction of hyperinflation.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-normalized photothermal technique for accurate thermal diffusivity measurements in thin metal layers

A self-normalized photothermal method for measuring thermal diffusivity of thin metal layers has been implemented using two experimental configurations based on photothermal radiometry and gas-cell photoacoustic detection. The corresponding measurement procedures involve linear fits in the photothermally thin and/or thick limits. As part of this method, simple experimental criteria have been developed to ascertain that a purely thermal-diffusion-wave mechanism is dominant throughout the selected frequency range, thus validating the accuracy of the thermal diffusivity measurements. Thermal-diffusivity values measured using the intrinsic reliability of this self-normalized photothermal measurement scheme are reported for two commercial samples of aluminum and steel thin layers.

Topic: Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energetic Coupling in the Primary Processes of Photosynthesis in Chroinatium

The effects of pH on the thermodynamic properties of the proton-translocating cyclic electron transfer system in a purple photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium vinosum were studied. Two thermodynamic parameters, the flux (Je) and force (deltamue) of the electron transfer process, were analyzed. The rate of electron transfer in the re-reduction of photooxidized reaction-center bacteriochlorophyll was used as Je. deltamue was determined from the intensity of the delayed fluorescence from bacteriochlorophyll. deltamue is composed of the redox potential difference and the electrical potential difference between two electron transfer components. In the steady state under illumination, the flux-to-force ratio is determined by the following relationship: Je = (1--q2)Lee deltamue where q is the "degree of coupling" of electron transfer to proton translocation and Lee is the value of Je/delta-approximately similar e when there is no back pressure by formation of delta approximately muH+ (electrochemical potential difference of H+). The value of (1--q2) Lee increased with increasing pH in the neutral pH range. Uncouplers and ionophores that dissipate delta-approximately muH+ increased Je and decreased deltamue. The effects were more prominent in the lower pH range. Therefore, q must be smaller at higher pH. The coupling is probably tight when redox components are saturated with protons. The experimental results agreed with the theoretical predictions for a system where a hydrogen-translocating component functions as an electron-proton symport carrier.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Extraction of Pectin from Ripe Plantain Peel, Fabrication and Characterization of Composite (Pectin/PVA/Glycerol) Films Produced from the Extracted Pectin

High methoxyl pectin (DE = 59.53%) was extracted from plantain peel using acid extraction method. Pectin yield was 40.5%; moisture content was 87.56%; equivalent weight was 1000 g/ml, and galacturonic acid content was 2.89 mg/ml. Composite polymer films incorporating the extracted pectin manifest their best mechanical properties; tensile strength and % elongation of 5.51 MPa and 5.75% respectively with 10 ml glycerol/1g pectin. Raman spectra peaks at 2930 cm1, 1750 cm–1 and 820 cm–1 indicated CH-stretch, C=O ester group of pectin and COH ring in pectin respectively. Films containing pectin sourced from waste are considered potential alternative sources of environmentally benign packaging materials.

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Motor Imagery Decoding Enhancement Based on Hybrid EEG-fNIRS Signals

This study explores the combination of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to enhance the decoding performance of motor imagery (MI) tasks for brain-computer interface (BCI). The experiment involved measuring 64 channels of EEG signals and 20 channels of fNIRS signals simultaneously during a task of the left-right hand MI. By combining these two types of signals, the study aimed to understand how feature fusion affected classification accuracy for MI. The EEG signals were filtered into three bands (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>: 4&#x2013;7 Hz, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>: 8&#x2013;13 Hz, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>: 14&#x2013;30 Hz), while the fNIRS signals were filtered into 0.02-0.08 Hz to improve signal quality for subsequent analysis. The common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm was utilized to extract features from both EEG and fNIRS signals. This allowed the researchers to create a fused signal with both EEG and fNIRS features that could then be processed using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, the processed data was fed into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which improved the mean accuracy rate of MI to 92.25&#x0025;. By comparing the classification accuracies obtained with fused and unfused segments of EEG and fNIRS signals, the study discovered that fusing the signals significantly improved classification accuracy by 5&#x0025;-10&#x0025;. Furthermore, analyzing the activated brain regions using fNIRS showed that the auxiliary motor cortex was significantly activated during MI. These results demonstrate that hybrid signals with a fusion strategy can enhance the stability and fault tolerance in BCI systems, making them valuable for practical applications.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Theoretical approaches to substantiation of systems of complex reclamation

On the basis of thermodynamic approach the requirement for the development of the integrated land reclamation projects in all natural zones of the European part of Russia is proved. It is shown, that measures on land reclamation increase the energy fluxes in the agro-ecosystem from 4 to 8 % depending on the climatic zone, reduce the magnitude of the turbulent energy efficiency and the internal energy of the soil system by 20–40 kJ/ha, which give an opportunity to increase crop productivity by 3–5 times in the reclaimed lands as compared to the non-reclaimed ones. In the practice high-tech irrigation and drainage systems with elements of artificial intelligence, gives an opportunity to control the reclamation mode based on the digital technologies of collecting, analyzing, processing information on environmental parameters and automated systems to make operational decisions.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences