jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Print Culture, Islam and the Politics of Caution in Late Colonial Dar es Salaam: A History of Ramadhan Machado Plantan’s Zuhra, 1947–1960

Abstract This article examines the history of Ramadhan Machado Plantan’s newspaper Zuhra, an independent African weekly newspaper that served as both an advocate for Dar es Salaam’s Muslim African community, as well as a kind of spiritual advisor and diviner. The content of Zuhra engages with a host of issues that were germane to its reading public, some of which were conventionally nationalist (segregation, land rights) and others which seem particularly religion (cemeteries, dream interpretations, religious counsel). Plantan’s Zuhra was often out of step with the rising nationalist movement embodied in the Tanganyika African Nationalist Union ( tanu ), which ultimately led to its estrangement and opposition to the country’s victorious nationalist party. Finally, this article explores how these disjunctions between Zuhra and tanu played out, first as a matter of a changing newspaper political economy, and second as a mouthpiece for a new Muslim opposition party.

Topic: African history and culture studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fault-Tolerant Design of the IBM Power6 Microprocessor

The IBM Power6 microprocessor extends the capabilities of the Power5, dramatically increasing its ability to recover from hard and soft errors without increasing system downtime. The Power6 adds new mainframe-like features for enhanced reliability, availability, and serviceability, including instruction retry and processor failover. Optimized for performance and power, the Power6 implements these RAS enhancements without compromising ultrahigh-frequency operation.

Topic: Radiation Effects in Electronics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Systematic Approach to Optimize Organizations Operating in Uncertain Environments: Design Methodology and Applications

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for solving diverse problems arising in performance optimization of organizations operating in uncertain environments. We introduce a technique to decompose a multi-dimensional organizational design problem into a series of coupled sub-problems whose iterative solution produces a near-optimal organizational structure, and decision processes. We illustrate our approach via an example to provide a step-by-step visualization of the modeling of complex and uncertain missions, and of synthesizing the concomitant organizations to optimize different sets of design objectives, while satisfying organizational constraints. Our methodology incorporates algorithms for optimizing the expected outcomes, collaborative organizational strategies, distributed resource utilization, mission processing schedule, and information management in an organization. The methodology serves as a valuable tool to address many practical problems arising in organizational design.

Topic: Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nonlinear beam self-maintaining effect in graded-index multimode fiber

Multimode fiber systems are desirable for industrial and scientific applications. As an interesting effect for the laser beam propagation in a multimode fiber, nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup has attracted considerable research interest due to the spatial beam compressing. However, its physical mechanisms, especially the influences of input conditions on its performances, remain unclear. Here, we report a new self-organized regime for the multimode beam propagation in a graded-index multimode fiber: when the input laser has a dominant mode in which most of the laser energy is concentrated, the beam profile can be maintaining in a well-defined structure similar to the input dominant mode in nonlinear regime, while it will evolve to an irregular pattern in linear regime. The existence and universality of this nonlinear beam self-maintaining effect have been verified by the experimental and numerical data. Our results also provide evidence that nonlinear Kerr effects can be the driving mechanism and nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup is a specific case of this effect. Further research into this spatial beam shaping effect may provide a new perspective to understand other multimode fiber nonlinearities.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rachana Sharira in Ashtanga Hridaya: A Critical Analysis of Anatomical Descriptions and Their Applied Interpretations

This review paper critically examines Rachana Sharira (Ayurvedic anatomy) as conceptualized in the Ashtanga Hridaya, authored by Acharya Vagbhata, with a focus on its structural descriptions, clinical interpretations, and educational relevance. While Sushruta Samhita is widely acknowledged for its surgical anatomy, Ashtanga Hridaya offers a unique synthesis of philosophical depth and anatomical clarity through its Sharira Sthana. The review aimed to explore the core anatomical constructs such as Srotas, Dhatus, Kalas, Marmas, and Garbha Sharira, and to evaluate their practical significance in both traditional and modern clinical contexts.Using a systematic review framework based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a total of 276 scholarly records were initially retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 41 high-quality sources were finalized for analysis. These included classical text interpretations, clinical case studies, educational models, and interdisciplinary studies linking Ayurvedic structures with modern anatomical science. Key findings suggest that Vagbhata’s anatomical descriptions, although often metaphorically framed, correspond functionally to contemporary anatomical concepts and are highly applicable in therapies such as Nasya, Basti, and Marma Chikitsa. Moreover, the review identifies significant gaps, such as the lack of standardized anatomical illustrations, underutilization in pedagogy, and minimal integration with digital tools or imaging technologies. It proposes the need for collaborative efforts to digitize and contextualize Rachana Sharira for integrative healthcare. Overall, this study underscores the continued relevance of Ashtanga Hridaya in anatomical science, advocating for its revival through curricular reforms, digital tools, and interdisciplinary research that bridges traditional knowledge with biomedical paradigms.

Topic: Medical and Biological Sciences
Subfield: Anatomy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE STABILITY. SYSTEMS WITH ONE DEGREE OF FREEDOM. PART 1

The paper considers the loss of structure stability as one of the most important marginal states. Though this type of limit conditions has been closely studied, there is still no agreement on their causes, hence, there is no uniform approach to defining the criteria that determine the critical state. The most popular criteria known in the structural analysis and the theory of structural stability are energy criteria of stability in the form of Timoshenko or Bryan. In the first case the analysis covers total work of all forces affecting the system at the moment of collapse. In the second the analysis deals with the system internal energy, which allows us to solve the problems considering thermal and similar effects. In spite of the simplicity of the first approach and general character of the second one, it is hardly possible to assert that they can be sufficient to cover the total scope of stability problems that may arise in engineering. The criterion of critical energy critical level permits us to formulate and solve stability problems without any limitations related with the smallness of displacements or the types of impacts affecting a system, so it can be applied to formulate boundary conditions. For better understanding of the said criteria and their illustration the paper presents some simple problems in the form of systems with lumped parameters. Structure stability criteria are studied as in case of the systems with one degree of freedom. The analysis covers the statements and solutions of stability problems in the form of Timoshenko, Bryan and the criterion of energy critical levels. These approaches are reviewed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages using the example of the model of a structure with one degree of freedom.

Topic: Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of Streptococcus agalactiae Challenge on Immune Response, Antioxidant Status and Hepatorenal Indices of Nile Tilapia: The Palliative Role of Chitosan White Poplar Nanocapsule

A new insight into the synthesis of the herbal plant (White poplar, Poplus alba) leave extract using chitosan nanocapsule was studied. The in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan white poplar nanocapsule (CWPNC) against Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) was determined. About 120 fish were categorized for 7 days into four groups. The first and second (CWPNC) groups were treated with 0 mg/L and 3 mg/L CWPNC in the water, respectively, without being challenged; the first group was a control. The third (S. agalactiae) and fourth (CWPNC + S. agalactiae) groups were treated with 0 and 3 mg/L CWPNC, respectively, and challenged with S. agalactiae (0.5 × 107 CFU/mL). The obtained results revealed that CWPNC had an in vitro antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae. Moreover, S. agalactiae infection caused a significant elevation (p &lt; 0.05) in the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and hepatorenal biomarkers, as well as the lowest significant (p &lt; 0.05) survival rate (33.33%). Moreover, a significant depletion (p &lt; 0.05) in the level of antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and the immune indicators (immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, and complement 3) were the consequences of S. agalactiae infection. Treatment of the infected fish with 3 mg/L CWPNC alleviated these bad circumstances.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sudan low changes affecting rainy days in southwestern Iran over six decades (1957–2019)

Abstract The present study evaluated the dynamic changes in Sudan low systems over six decades (1957–2019), which were classified based on solar cycles. Rainfall days were extracted in January using data from 42 synoptic stations in the south and southwest regions of Iran. Then, the rainy days due to the Sudan low system were separated from the precipitation of the other atmospheric systems using the visual analysis of the maps. The synoptic analysis indicated that the sea level pressure has been decreasing at all sampling stations from the first to the sixth decade. Furthermore, decreasing elevation to −80 m (negative anomaly) in the 500 hPa level atmosphere from the first decade to the sixth decade indicated further atmospheric instability and more strengthening of the Sudan low compared to previous decades. The contribution of advection moisture to the area increased within the region at 700 hPa. This implies that the role of the transferred moisture from the intertropical convergence zone is increasing in the systems transferred from Sudan and in the study area. In general, the share of Sudan low precipitation is increasing in the south and southwest regions of Iran. This result is a positive effect of the climate change on the study area.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aerothermal modeling program, phase 2. Element B: Flow interaction experiment

The design process was improved and the efficiency, life, and maintenance costs of the turbine engine hot section was enhanced. Recently, there has been much emphasis on the need for improved numerical codes for the design of efficient combustors. For the development of improved computational codes, there is a need for an experimentally obtained data base to be used at test cases for the accuracy of the computations. The purpose of Element-B is to establish a benchmark quality velocity and scalar measurements of the flow interaction of circular jets with swirling flow typical of that in the dome region of annular combustor. In addition to the detailed experimental effort, extensive computations of the swirling flows are to be compared with the measurements for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of current and advanced turbulence and scalar transport models.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CLASS III TREATMENT WITH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES WITH A MOVABLE RAMP

Treatment of class III is a current problem in orthodontics that requires constant improvement of its methods, development of new or modifications of known methods and techniques. We have developed and studied the modification of removable functionally-directing orthodontic appliances for treatment of Class III, which consists of a plastic base, vestibular arc, retaining clasps, ramp, which is connected with the base by means of two torsion springs. Its usage ensures a prolonged contact of ramp with the teeth. We studied two types of club-shaped springs (torsion springs): one spring, which create an amortization effect during the action of the ramp, but do not change its inclination angle and second one – spring that seek to increase the angle of the ramp inclination due to the disclosure of its curl.

Topic: Engineering Technology and Methodologies
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in lung function after exposure to vanadium compounds in fuel oil ash

ABSTRACT Seventeen men were studied during the cleaning of bottom ash from the boiler of an oil-fired electricity generating station. The men were exposed to a time weighted average respirable dust (<10 μ) of 523 μg/m(3), containing 15·3% vanadium. Sixteen of the men wore respirators, subsequently found to have peak leakages of up to 9%, while one volunteer had a one-hour exposure wearing only a compressed paper oronasal mask. Symptoms experienced by the men were recorded, urine samples were collected for assessment of vanadium concentration 24 hours after the first exposure, and spirometry was performed daily for four days and on the eight day. Pronounced reductions in forced vital capacity (mean 0·5 l), forced expiratory volume (mean 0·5 l), and forced mid-expiratory flow (mean 1·16 l/s) had occurred within 24 hours of first exposure to the dust, and had not returned to pre-exposure levels by the eight day. Four weeks after exposure no residual deficits were present. A urinary vanadium concentration of 280 μg/l was found in the volunteer, but none of the others had concentrations above the test-threshold of 40 μg/l. Symptoms and signs of airway irritation were noted. The timing, duration, and quality of changes in lung function, however, indicated that the response could not be attributed solely to a reflex bronchial reaction to irritation by an inert dust.

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
From Slate to Emerald Green: More Light on Crane's Jacksonville Visit

Research Article| March 01 1965 From Slate to Emerald Green: More Light on Crane's Jacksonville Visit William Randel William Randel Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1965) 19 (4): 357–368. https://doi.org/10.2307/2932875 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William Randel; From Slate to Emerald Green: More Light on Crane's Jacksonville Visit. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1 March 1965; 19 (4): 357–368. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2932875 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNineteenth-Century Literature Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1965 By The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: American and British Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Intraepidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn.

Intraepidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized by a solitary scaly verrucous plaque. Histologic examination of these plaques reveals intraepidermal nests of basaloid cells. To our knowledge this is the first case reported in a black person.

Topic: Cancer and Skin Lesions
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Representation of Germination Curves with the Logistic Function

The fitting of the logistic function to germination progress data by simple linear regression is demonstrated. Acceptable goodness of fit is obtained for both fast and slowly-germinating seed populations. The rate and final percentage of germination are positively correlated in these experiments, although mathematically independent. The rate appears to be more sensitive to environmental conditions during germination than is the final percentage. The limitations of the logistic function and the desirability of a standard means of expressing germination rates are discussed.

Topic: Seed Germination and Physiology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Some functional properties of oilseed proteins

Abstract Oilseeds have potential food uses because of their high protein content. Besides, these proteins when added to a type of foods, supply desirable functional properties, such as whipping capacity and viscosity, emulsification and water and oil holding capacities. Rapeseed and soybean protein isolates were found to possess whipping capacity followed by those of sunflower, peanut, sesame, cottonseed and safflower. The addition of sugar improved the whipping properties of oilseed proteins. The whipping capacity of oilseed proteins decreased due to heating at 100°C for time of 15 to 60 min. Soybean protein had the highest emulsifying capacity compared with the other oilseed proteins. The heated oilseed proteins had emulsification properties similar to or better than the control. Glandless cottonseed protein had high water and oil holding capacities. The water holding capacity of oilseed proteins decreased gradually as the duration of heating at 100°C was increased. On the other hand the heated oilseed proteins had oil holding capacities similar to or better than umheated proteins.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications of Lacunary Sequences to Develop Fuzzy Sequence Spaces for Ideal Convergence and Orlicz Function

In the present paper, we introduce and study ideal convergence of some fuzzy sequence spaces via lacunary sequence, infinite matrix and Orlicz function. We study some topological and algebraic properties of these spaces. We also make an effort to show that these spaces are normal as well as monotone. Further, it is very interesting to show that if $I$ is not maximal ideal then these spaces are not symmetric.

Topic: Approximation Theory and Sequence Spaces
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrative Analysis of the Injection Molding Process and Mechanical Behavior of Plastic Part

For parts made of plastics, injection molding is a common manufacturing process. Warpage and residual stress induced during the injection molding process have very important influences on the mechanical performance of injection products. In this paper, an integrative analysis of the injection molding process and mechanical performance of plastic parts is proposed. This integrative approach incorporates the effects of the manufacturing process in the mechanical simulation: (a) firstly, the finite element package MoldFlow is used to simulate the injection molding process and obtain the warpage and residual stress results. (b) Then the finite element model of plastic part including the process induced warpage and residual stress is established. Explicit dynamic finite element program LS-DYNA is used to simulate the mechanical behaviors of the molded part. Based on the integrative analysis, the influences of injection molding process parameters on mechanical behavior of a PC windshield against impact loading are studied.

Topic: Injection Molding Process and Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of cement-stabilized zinc-contaminated kaolin

This paper presents details of a study that deals with determination of engineering properties, identification of phases of major hydration products, and microstructural characteristics of a zinc-contaminated (referred to as Zn-contaminated in this paper) kaolin clay when it is stabilized by a cement additive. Investigations were carried out with respect to the effect of the level of zinc (Zn) concentration on the overall soil properties including Atterberg limits, water content, pH, stress–strain characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and secant modulus. In addition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry studies were conducted to understand the mechanisms controlling the changes in engineering properties of the stabilized kaolin clay. The study reveals that the level of Zn concentration has a considerable influence on the engineering properties, phases of hydration products formed, and microstructural characteristics of the stabilized kaolin clay. These changes are attributed to the retardant effect of Zn on the hydration and pozzolanic reactions, which in turn alters the phases of hydration products and cementation structure – bonding of the soils. Theoretical simulation of the pore-size distribution curves demonstrates that the cement-stabilized kaolin exhibits bimodal type when the Zn concentration is less than 2%, whereas it displays unimodal type when the Zn concentration is 2%. With an increase in the Zn concentration, the characteristics of the interaggregate pores in terms of volume and mean diameter change considerably, whereas those of intra-aggregate pores remain nearly unchanged.

Topic: Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Equivalences for blocks of the Weyl groups

We describe the source algebras of the blocks of the Weyl groups of type B and type D in terms of the source algebras of the blocks of the symmetric groups. As a consequence, we show that Puig’s conjecture on the finiteness of the number of isomorphism classes of source algebras for blocks of finite groups with a fixed defect group holds for these classes of groups. We also show how certain isomorphisms between subalgebras of block algebras of the symmetric groups can be lifted to block algebras of the Weyl groups of type B.

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences