jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ridge-axis and Off-axis volcanic massive sulphide, Cyprus-type, in the Mawat Ophiolites, Kurdistan-Iraq, Reconnaissance survey

Zagros orogenic belt is a part of the a-Himalayan orogenic system which streatches in continuity between the Turkish Taurus and the Iranian Zagros ophiolites, complementary with those in Balkans in Europe and to Pakistan and Tibet in Asia. Tectonic analysis of the Mawat ophiolit complex registered system of rupture elements of variable intensity and strike directions, marking the thrust-fault boundaries of the Mawat ophiolite complex. The first order E-W elements delineate the boundaries among three major tectono-stratigraphic units: i) Northern Mawat Group (NMG), (ii) Median Intrusive complex (MIC), (iii) Southern Waraz Group (SWG). SWG has fully developed sheeted dyke complex, while its existence in the NMG and MIC is ambiguous. In addition, NMG and MIC have significantly different mélange units. Sulphide mineralization in the Mawat ophiolite is a part of the sub-sea floor alteration process. The mineralization events in the Waraz meta-basalts are diachronous and not formed from the single fluid and under the same P/T conditions. Its polyphase character could be constrained, at least, into two major episodes: 1) The low temperature hydrothermal (LTH) and 2) The high temperature hydrothermal episode (HTH). They differ by contrasting alteration assemblages. The HTH is related to intrusion of plagiogranites which play active role in the ore forming process. It implies a new regional magmatic impulse as a source of heat and energy for hydrothermal circulation. While the low temperature episode (LTH) is related to magmatism along the ridge-axis, HTH is an off-axis event. The major VMS deposit prospects and Cu-ore showings are situated within the „Shear Zone“, gently arcuated tecto-magmatic belt trending NW-SE, along the western side of the Median Intrusive complex from Mawat village toward the Waraz area. It encountered basic and acidic intrusions, diorites, quartz dolerites and plagiogranites, with pervasive epidotisation, as a dominant alteration process. Extrusive rocks in the Northern Mawat Group bear elements of boninitic magmatism. The Shear Zone ore occurences are parallel with the possible palaeo-spreading ridge-axis, but coincide with a newly established off-axis ridge, displaced temporally and spatially during supra-subduction initiation.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
National memory in exile: The case of the Georgian émigré community, 1921–2018

Abstract This paper investigates the construction and role of national memory in exile through the intersection of nationalism and memory studies. Building on descriptions of the Georgian émigré memory, its comparison with the Soviet Georgian identity and its travelling trajectory, this study illustrates the potential of subaltern national exilic memory. My research data on prominent Georgian émigrés are juxtaposed with a recent historical study of the internal diaspora of prominent Georgians in the Soviet Union. This is a story of postcolonial intellectuals and nationalist elites who acted as a carrier group in 1921, advocating internationally against the suffering of Soviet Georgians. Exiles produced an alternative account, comprised of four counternarratives, to that of the Soviet Union. These identified narratives constitute a stored memory that became an available past for Georgia. The safeguarded émigré memory was negotiated, recovered, used for centennial celebrations in 2018 and finally reintegrated into the national body.

Topic: Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Iris ×germanica L.", "Country is China", "Year is greater than or equal to 1900", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 4 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0085498-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring TripAdvisor Online Reviews: The Case of George Eastman Museum

Different studies have looked at visitor related motivations and experiences under different contexts in the tourism industry. The museum-related experiences remain one of the important elements which are sought by visitors to the museums. Therefore, this study purposes to investigate and determine personal context, social context and physical contexts of George Eastman museum visitors. More importantly, the study utilised a content analysis approach in its research. The specific data about visitors to George Eastman House was obtained from the social media website TripAdvisor. The findings of the study were based on three important elements: personal context, social context and physical contexts. In the personal context based on John Falk classifications (experience seeker, explorer, facilitator, prof-hobbyist, and recharger); the experience seeker had the highest number of visitor comments about 76 reviewers, with explorer category being less represented while recharger category had the least number of visitor’s comments. On the aspect of social context, about 12% reviewers indicated the social context where the socio-cultural influence was considered one of the determinants of their museum-visit experience. Furthermore, the physical context was expressed through identified dominant themes that included mansion, the museum exhibits, and George Eastman’s personality. In both the analysis of negative and the positive dimensions of the themes, the mansion theme showed a higher positive response in the while the museum and the exhibits showed relatively a negative dimension in the analysis. Through a word cloud visualization approach memories and learning outcomes were analysed with findings indicating “Memory/impression of visit”; “Takes you back” (their experience of being drawn back into the past or into a personal memory of previous times, etc.); and most importantly, “Learn from the visit”, were the most predominant themes in memorial and learning outcomes. This study provided important insight into visitor experiences, which can be utilised by George Eastman management to understand perceptions of visitors and thus enhance their services. Furthermore, it is recommended that future studies adopt bigger samples as well as diverse contexts besides the museum in order to be able to get an in-depth insight into museum visitor’s experiences.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The challenges of a wider and deeper Europe

Europe is changing all the time. It is getting deeper and wider in a process that often looks confusing, but the trend is unmistakable. At this stage of our history, we are facing two challenges: widening by including most of the rest of the continent, and deepening to both perfect the existing economic arrangements and reap more benefits in largely untapped non-economic areas. The need for further deepening is highly controversial. The benefits come in the form of enhanced effectiveness. The costs result from information asymmetries and heterogeneity. Much of the integration process so far has concerned economic public goods, where desirable centralization is now almost complete. Some loose ends still need to be dealt with, but most deepening challenges concern non-economic issues. In particular, a cool-blooded analysis suggests that internal and external security and foreign affairs are areas where the benefits of centralization are high. The costs too, are high, largely because preferences differ from one country to another, this is sometimes called nationalism, even though public opinions seem to support common defense and foreign policies. Is widening making deepening harder? For this to be the case we would need to see an increase in the costs of deepening over and beyond the benefits. There is little evidence of that. It is often believed that the real problem is that decision-making becomes more difficult with more members. This is true with the current institutions and procedures, but it does not have to be the case. This is precisely the challenge that was faced by the Convention. Its draft treaty makes a number of important proposals that stand to improve decision making and to preserve the ability for a wider Europe to become deeper as well. On the other side, progress is difficult because of the representation problem, the need for minority views to be taken on board when they are strongly held. This aspect often takes the form of the long-simmering conflict between large and small countries. But many issues often cut across national lines. What Europe misses is a Pan-European political representation of these views. This is an area where the Convention has been silent. The Challenges of a Wider and Deeper Europe Charles Wyplosz Graduate Institute of International Studies and CEPR

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effect of Spraying with Plant Extracts on Some Growth Characteristics and Active Ingredients of Basil Plant

Abstract Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a leafy plant used for fresh food, medicinal purposes, and aromatic purposes (including the extraction of volatile essential oil and active compounds), was the subject of a worker experiment at the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham / University of Baghdad during the 2023 growing season. The experiment aimed to determine the effects of spraying the basil plant’s vegetative system with aqueous extracts of watercress and parsley on the plant’s growth characteristics and the production of active compounds. The experiment included two factors, the first factor, the aqueous extract of the watercress plant in three concentrations (0, 5, 10) g l -1 and the second factor, the aqueous extract of the parsley plant with three concentrations (0, 5, 10) g l -1 . Spraying with watercress extract and parsley achieved a significant effect in increasing all measured growth qualities and producing active compounds, and the interaction treatment (5 g l -1 watercress extract and 10 g l -1 parsley extract) had a clear significant superiority, which recorded the highest values in the mean number of leaves (54.00 leaf), the percentage of dry matter (29.30%), estimation of chlorophyll (38.23 SPAD), volatile oil (1.60%) and ratios of Linalool, Methylcinnamate and camphor compounds in volatile oil (8.33, 72.98, 3.00%) respectively compared to the control treatment recorded (28.67 leaf, 18.267%, 26.433 SPAD, 0.60%, 6.02%, 70. 16%, 1.58%) respectively for the same characteristics. The results of the study showed the response of the basil plant to spraying with plant extracts as a supplement to half the fertilizer recommendation of mineral fertilizer and giving it the best results when treating the combination (5 g l -1 watercress extract and 10 g l -1 parsley extract).

Topic: Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
X-ray Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Guided Discovery of the Cu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Multiaryl-Substituted Furans from Aryl Styrene and Ketones Using DMSO as the Oxidant

The first example of DMSO serving not only as a solvent but also as an oxidant to promote the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) has been demonstrated. X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance evidence revealed a single-electron redox process where DMSO could oxidize Cu(I) to Cu(II). The novel discovery guided the rational design of copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of aryl ketones with styrenes to furans, providing a new method for the synthesis of multiaryl-substituted furans from cheap and readily available starting materials.

Topic: Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 Is Required for Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat through the uncoupling of mitochondrial β-oxidation from ATP production. The principal energy source for this process is fatty acids that are either synthesized de novo in BAT or are imported from circulation. How uptake of fatty acids is mediated and regulated has remained unclear. Here, we show that fatty acid transport protein (FATP)1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of BAT and is upregulated in response to cold stimuli, concomitant with an increase in the rate of fatty acid uptake. In FATP1-null animals, basal fatty acid uptake is reduced and remains unchanged following cold exposure. As a consequence, FATP1 knockout (KO) animals display smaller lipid droplets in BAT and fail to defend their core body temperature at 4°C, despite elevated serum free fatty acid levels. Similarly, FATP1 is expressed by the BAT-derived cell line HIB-1B upon differentiation, and both fatty acid uptake and FATP1 protein levels are rapidly elevated following isoproterenol stimulation. Stimulation of fatty uptake by isoproterenol required both protein kinase A and mitogen-activated kinase signaling and is completely dependent on FATP1 expression, as small-hairpin RNA–mediated knock down of FATP1 abrogated the effect.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
President John F. Kennedy's Declaration of Interdependence: A Study in his Presidential Rhetoric

This paper will focus on John F. Kennedy's Fourth of July speech 1962.I will try to indicate that the speech was more than ordinarily well-prepared, and that it was meant to stand as a central expression of the Administration's goals and modes of operation.That the speech has attracted comparatively little attention in Kennedy historiography may have to do with the fact that it was central in Kennedy's Grand Design complex, and that Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., one of the two great inside chroniclers of the Kennedy Administration 1 found it right to speak about the Grand Design a little apologetically, in a chapter of his A Thousand Days (New Yorli, 1965) entitled "The Not So Grand Design".More specifically the design was linked with the energy invested in the passing of the Trade Expansion Act 1962.Schlesinger says that "Some of us felt . . .(it) was a misdirection of the Administration's limited resources".lSeymour E. Harris, in his Economics of the Kennedy Years (London, 1954) speaks rather briefly about the trade problems, but he does say about the passage of the TEA that it was Kennedy's "greatest domestic t r i ~m p h " .~ I n more recent literature Bruce Miroff (1976) writes excellently about Kennedy's conception of and dramatic use of the Pre~idency.~Kennedy was expert in the confrontational crisis presidency, crises largely self-provoked and under control, a tradition picked up from Truman and then p e r f e ~t e d .~This view may clearly be linked up with Henry Fairly's ironical book The Kenned3, Promise (New York, 1972).I t might indeed also be thought of as an

Topic: Nuclear Issues and Defense
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling decreased labor access after the COVID-19 pandemic: economic, social, and demographic implications

This study examines the effect of decreased labor access resulting from fewer employees being available for in-person work, based on the unique industry makeup of the region in which work is located. Our analysis is based on simulations in which each industry is assigned an Effective Potential – a score which ranks how well workers in a particular industry can perform tasks remotely on a scale of 0 to 100 (with 0 being nothing can be done remotely, while 100 implies all tasks can be performed remotely). The Effective Potential is then used to derive the Labor Access Index policy variable, which estimates the effect of access to labor choice and individual characteristics by occupation and industry on labor productivity. Since it has the greatest ability for workers to perform functions remotely, the finance and insurance industry experiences the smallest decrease in labor access at 24%. The accommodation and food services industry, on the other hand, witnesses the largest decrease at 92%. The implications of the results for policy are discussed, in the context of creating a more equitable labor market that unlocks the potential of more segments of society – especially historically marginalized demographics.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Bengaluru’s urban water infrastructure through the lens of post-socialism

The chapter aims to understand post-socialism in India through the case of water supply in Bengaluru. Post-socialism in India raises questions regarding the extent to which the concept of post-socialism can be used beyond Central and Eastern Europe. It defines post-socialism without an 'actually existing socialism', and is also in many ways different from post-socialism as understood in Eastern Europe. In the case of India, post-socialism is primarily a shrinking state but it is also a complex transformation rather than a clear-cut transition from one infrastructural system to another. The chapter uses two main dimensions to develop the framework on post-socialism in India: public-private nexus and informality-illegality.

Topic: Water Governance and Infrastructure
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Concept Of Ideal Strategy &amp; Its Realization Using White Ocean Mixed Strategy

Strategic planning and decision making have an important role in organizational development and sustainability.<br> Various types of strategies are used in strategic management such as Red ocean strategy, Blue ocean strategy, Green<br> ocean strategy, Purple ocean strategy and Black ocean strategy. These strategies are used in organizations by top<br> level executive managers for long-term organizational sustainability and to face or deviate from the competition.<br> Based on organizational analysis, it is observed that many of the organizations use a new type of strategy which is<br> derived from the above five types of strategies for sustainability. In this paper we have generalized such strategies by<br> developing a concept of ideal strategy and named it as "White Ocean Strategy". Based on observation and focus<br> group study we developed this concept and studied the conditions, characteristics, and procedure of this model of<br> decision making. We have studied the reasons why certain firms opt for White ocean strategy while making decisions<br> for sustainability and consequences of such strategic decisions through investment/perceived Risk Matrix. We have<br> also compared the different strategic choices with that of White ocean strategy. The details and consequences of such<br> strategy followed in some organizations are also discussed.

Topic: Business Strategies and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism and the Glutathione Antioxidant System Protect Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Against pH-Induced Stress

In this study, we first thoroughly assayed the response of the key enzymes of energy metabolism and the antioxidant system in Yarrowia lipolytica yeast at extreme pH. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, namely NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, NADPH-producing enzymes of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and the enzymes of the glutathione system was assessed. All the enzymes that were tested showed a significant induction contrary to some decrease in the aconitate hydratase activity with acidic and alkaline stress. It is probable that a change in the enzyme activity in the mitochondria matrix is involved in the regulation of the cellular metabolism of Y. lipolytica, which allows the species to prosper at an extreme ambient pH. It distinguishes it from any other type of ascomycete. A close relationship between the induction of the Krebs cycle enzymes and the key enzymes of the glutathione system accompanied by an increased level of reduced glutathione was shown. The assumption that the increased activity of the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and promotion of the pentose phosphate pathway at pH stress launches a set of events determining the adaptive response of Y. lipolytica yeast.

Topic: Biochemical Acid Research Studies
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Neural networks based approach to estimate body fat (%BF)

Abstract: The amount of fat in human body composition relative to total body weight (%BF) is considered a determinant factor to a healthier and longer life. In this paper a neural network approach, that overcomes some of the current limitations of assessing %BF through skinfold thickness measurement with calliper devices, is presented. Neural networks recognised capabilities in modelling nonlinear problems can provide a valuable tool to deal with the inherent nonlinear behaviour of body tissues. The approach was tested on a sample of elder individuals, men and women, showing better performance when compared with two available alternative methodologies.

Topic: Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Unificational combinatory categorial grammar

In this paper we present a grammar formalism that combines the insights from Combinatory Categorial Grammar with feature structure unification. We show how information structure can be incorporated with syntactic and semantic representations in a principled way. We focus on the way theme, rheme, and focus are integrated in the compositional semantics, using Discourse Representation Theory as first-order semantic theory. UCCG can be used for parsing and generating prosodically annotated text, and therefore has the potential to advance spoken dialogue systems.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tailoring Mesoporous Silicon Surface to Form a Versatile Template for Nanoparticle Deposition

Porous silicon (PS) can be used as a loading template in sensing or as a matrix to develop nanoparticle arrays. We present a comprehensive study of PS morphology and optical properties before and after the pore opening process, including the determination of thickness, pore size, and pore density of PS layers, its surface wettability, and reflectivity. The PS samples were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of monocrystalline silicon wafer in 5–20 wt.% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution at a current density in the range of 20–200 mA/cm2. Anodization was followed by the pore opening process, i.e., the removal of a parasitic superficial layer with a “bottleneck” structure by reactive ion etching (RIE). The results illustrate that “bottleneck”-free PS allows to achieve a high pore density using a low HF concentration and a reduced current density. We established that this structure demonstrates higher hydrophobicity in comparison to the samples before RIE. The applicability of the developed “bottleneck”-free PS was tested via filling the pores with silver nanoparticles, indicating its potential use as a template for the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays.

Topic: Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences