jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical glycoproteomics: methods and diseases

Abstract Glycoproteins, representing a significant proportion of posttranslational products, play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as signal transduction and immune response. Abnormal glycosylation may lead to structural and functional changes of glycoprotein, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Consequently, exploring protein glycosylation can shed light on the mechanisms behind disease manifestation and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, the study of clinical glycoproteomics is fraught with challenges due to the low abundance and intricate structures of glycosylation. Recent advancements in mass spectrometry‐based clinical glycoproteomics have improved our ability to identify abnormal glycoproteins in clinical samples. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles and recent advancements in clinical glycoproteomic methodologies and applications. Furthermore, we discussed the typical characteristics, underlying functions, and mechanisms of glycoproteins in various diseases, such as brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, kidney diseases, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlighted potential avenues for future development in clinical glycoproteomics. These insights provided in this review will enhance the comprehension of clinical glycoproteomic methods and diseases and promote the elucidation of pathogenesis and the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sanitary status of autochthonous grapevine varieties in Istria.

Croatia is presently faced with the rapid erosion of native germplasm, which is being displaced by well-known European cultivars. Therefore, a program for conserving grapevine genetic resources and clonal selection of commercially most important Istrian native varieties has been developed. In the framework of this program, with the aim of detecting vines affected by severe virus diseases, the four years ELISA screening of local cultivars was performed. The incidence of viruses infecting 26 autochthonous grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars in Istria (Croatia) was determined. Results revealed the worrying health condition of some autochthonous Istrian cultivars showing a high incidence of virus infection. A total of 83.2 % of ELISA-tested vines were infected by one or more viruses. A high incidence of virus diseases in autochthonous grapevine germplasm emphasizes a demand for specific national sanitary program considering biodiversity preservation.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Fictional Lives of the Schumanns

Using two recent biographical novels as examples, this chapter argues that the fictional narratives created by novelists can give literary meaning to the Schumanns' lives and can explicitly address universal themes that scholarly biographers can only hint at. In Clara Janice Galloway turns her heroine's life into a feminist Bildungsroman and examines the relationship between Clara Schumann's musical career and her emotional development. J. D. Landis bases Longing on an early 19th‐century fictional genre as well, in this case the early Romantic novel, as he explores the intersections between consciousness, reality, creativity, and madness. Biographical novels are often criticized for blurring fact and fiction as they freely reconstruct the personalities of their subjects, and it is clearly the case that the Schumanns in Longing are not the same characters as the Schumanns in Clara. But the historical narratives of scholarly biographers can also portray the same character in ways that are incompatible with one another, as illustrated by contrasting the accounts of an episode in Schumann's life by two of his biographers, John Daverio and John Worthen. The chapter uses the recent controversy about the diagnosis of Robert Schumann's final illness to compare the genres of the biographical novel and the scholarly biography. The two genres are complementary, and each can potentially contribute in different ways to our understanding of the Schumanns' lives.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Recurrent Low-Grade Gliomas: Does Reoperation Affect Neurocognitive Functioning?

BACKGROUND: Reoperations in patients with recurrent low-grade gliomas (RLGG) were proposed to control tumor residual and delay the risk of malignant transformation over time. OBJECTIVE: To investigate neurocognitive outcomes in patients with RLGG who underwent a second surgery with awake monitoring. METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent a second awake surgery for RLGG were included. Patients had presurgical and 3-mo postsurgical neuropsychological assessments. Data were converted into Z -scores and combined by the cognitive domain. Number of patients with cognitive deficits ( Z -score &lt;−1.65), variations of Z -scores, and extent of resection (EOR) were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were included (mean age: 41.2 ± 10.0 yr). None had permanent neurological deficits postoperatively. Eight patients (12.9%) had a cognitive deficit preoperatively. Four additional patients (6.5%) had a cognitive deficit 3 mo after reoperation. Among other patients, 13 (21.0%) had a mild decline without cognitive deficits while 29 (46.8%) had no change of their performances and 8 (12.9%) improved. Overall, 94.2% of the patients returned to work. There were no correlations between EOR and Z -scores. Total/subtotal resections were achieved in 91.9% of the patients (mean residual: 3.1 cm 3 ). Fifty-eight patients (93.5%) were still alive after an overall follow-up of 8.3 yr. CONCLUSION: Reoperation with awake monitoring in patients with RLGG was compatible with an early recovery of neuropsychological abilities. Four patients (6.5%) presented a new cognitive deficit at 3 mo postoperatively. Total/subtotal resections were achieved in most patients. Based on these favorable outcomes, reoperation should be considered in a more systematic way.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scripture in the Studium and the Rise of the Humanities

Abstract This chapter outlines the medieval understanding of liberal arts education as scholastics developed it on the basis of patristic humanism. A hallmark of this programme was the confidence that general learning, as exemplified in the best non-Christian sources from antiquity to the medieval present, was compatible with biblical revelation. The result of this deeply influential view in Western culture was that the Bible indeed became, as Northrop Frye put it, ‘the great code’ that underlies much of Western literature. In light of postmodern criticism of modern assumptions that also undergirded the ideology of secularism, this chapter argues for a recovery of the Bible as the underlying ‘ontological’ foundation that has informed the bulk of Western literary and scientific efforts, and without which any attempted recover of the liberal arts in our time would be rootless and thus, largely, fruitless.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 642: CSF-1R+ macrophages control the gut microbiome-enhanced liver NKT function through IL-18

Abstract The gut microbiome is an important modulator of the host immune system. Here, we found that altering the gut microbiome by oral vancomycin increases liver NKT cell function. Enhanced NKT cytokine production and activation marker expression were observed in vancomycin-treated mice following both antigen-specific and antigen-independent in vivo NKT stimulations, with a more prominent effect in liver as compared to the spleen. Fecal transplantation studies demonstrated that the NKT functional regulation is mediated by altering the gut microbiome but uncoupled from the modulation of NKT cell population size. Interestingly, when stimulated in vitro, NKT cells from vancomycin-treated mice did not show increased activation, suggesting an indirect regulation. NKT cells expressed high levels of IL-18 receptor, and vancomycin increased the expression of IL-18 in the liver. Blocking IL-18 by neutralizing antibody or using genetically deficient mice attenuated the enhanced NKT activation. Liver macrophages were identified as a major source of IL-18. General macrophage depletion by clodronate abolished this NKT activation. Using anti-CSF-1R depletion or LyzCrexCSF-1RLsL-DTRmice identified CSF-1R+ macrophages as a critical modulator of NKT function. Together, our results demonstrate that the gut microbiome controls liver NKT function via regulating CSF-1R+ macrophages to produce IL-18. Citation Format: Chi Ma, Justin McCallen, John C. McVey, Qianfei Zhang, Benjamin Ruf, Kylynda Bauer, Sophie Wang, Chunwei Walter Lai, Giorgio Trinchieri, Jay A. Berzofsky, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim F. Greten. CSF-1R+ macrophages control the gut microbiome-enhanced liver NKT function through IL-18 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 642.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A New Problem and Old Questions: Potato Psyllid in the Pacific Northwest

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a small phloem-feeding insect that develops almost exclusively on plants within the Solanaceae (Fig. 1A). The psyllid was described in 1909 by Karel Sulc from specimens collected in Boulder, Colorado, and is found in Mexico, Central America, the western U.S., and southern Canada, and as an introduction in New Zealand (Wallis 1955, Teulon et al. 2009, Munyaneza 2012). Outbreaks of potato psyllid in North America occurred at regular intervals in potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers beginning in the late 1800s and extending into the mid-1900s, largely along a corridor on both sides of the Rocky Mountains. The outbreaks failed to extend into the Pacific Northwest. That pattern changed dramatically in 2011, when an outbreak of potato psyllid caused massive economic losses to potato growers in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Losses were due to a new tuber disorder (“zebra chip”; Fig. 1 B-C), now known to be associated with a bacterium that is vectored by potato psyllid.



Fig. 1. 
(A) Adult potato psyllid. (B, C) Discoloration of infected fresh tubers and of tuber slices after frying.



The historical absence of psyllid problems in the Pacific Northwest means that our understanding of psyllid biology under Pacific Northwest conditions is woefully lacking. The outbreak in 2011, coupled with our limited …

Topic: Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The 800 year long ion record from the Lomonosovfonna (Svalbard) ice core

We present a high‐resolution record of water‐soluble ion chemistry from a 121 m ice core spanning about 800 years. The core is well dated to 2/3 depth using cycle counting and reference horizons and a simple but close fitting model for the lower 1/3 of the core. This core suffers from modest seasonal melt, and so we present concentration data in decadal running means to minimize percolation effects. Sea‐salt ions (Na + , Cl − , Mg 2+ , and K + ) account for more than 70% of all ions. In general, sea‐salt ion concentrations are rather variable and have no clear association with climatic variations. Sulfate, with 74% being from non‐sea‐salt sources, has higher concentrations than seen on Vestfonna ice cap but lower than in Ny‐Ålesund aerosols, suggesting central Spitsbergen receives more marine (westerly) air masses than Ny‐Ålesund but more sulfate enriched (easterly) air masses than Nordaustlandet. Clear anthropogenic impacts are found for sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (and probably excess chloride) after the mid twentieth century, with sulfate showing a significant rise by the end of the nineteenth century. Sulfate and methanesulfonate concentrations correlate well during the twentieth century, and it is clear that most of the preindustrial sulfate is of biogenic origin. Terrestrial component (Ca 2+ ) has the highest concentrations in the coldest part of the Little Ice Age, suggesting more windy conditions, transporting local terrestrial dust to the ice cap. All ion concentrations decrease at the end of the twentieth century, which reflects loss of ions by runoff, with non‐sea‐salt magnesium being particularly sensitive to melting.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Trends in the classification of depressive states].

The evolution of the clinical concept of depression from the viewpoint of actual epidemiological data and classification systems is presented. The classification difficulties, due to the reference criteria and absence of some concordant data, which lead to the elaboration of some systematizations prevalently syndromic, are revealed. The uncertainty of the nosological framing of the depressive states is reflected in the diagnostic disagreements of the various doctrinaire orientations in psychiatry. Starting from the Kraepelinian nosological conception, the revision of the dichotomy endogenic-psychogenic or the systematization in primary and secondary depressions, the I.N.S.E.R.M., I.C.D. 9 and I.C.D.-10 (WHO), D.S.M. III and D.S.M.III-R classification are discussed.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN SIKAP SOSIAL SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI DAN MASYARAKAT (STM) POKOK BAHASAN MEMAHAMI UANG DAN PERBANKAN MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 SALAM BABARIS KABUPATEN TAPIN

Critical thinking skills of students are still lack. Students social attitude contain honestly, discipline, responsibility, toleration, mutual cooperation, mannered, and self-confident attitudes on interacting effectively with social and natural surrounding on range interaction and the existence are also still lack.This study used action research method (PTK) through the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted in two cycles. Cycle I consists of 2 sessions. Cycle II consists of one session. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of students in groups and individually increased in the second cycle compared to pevious cycles. The mean score in the cycle II increased compared with the cycle I of 72 from 62.The classical completeness in cycle II reaches82% of the previous in the cycle I that only 66,17%. While individual mastery learning in the cycle II only reaches75% of the previous which only reached 47%. Overall, the results of the action on the second cycle has increased an average value of7,46% of the cycle I. For the social attitudes of students, an increase in the percentage of both categories in the classical social attitudes become 82% in the cycle II of the previous in the cycle I that only 56%. While individually 61% of students Into the category of social attitudes in both the cycle I and increased in the cycle II to 89.Key Words : Critical Thingking Skills, Social Attitudes, Learning Model Science Technology and Society (STM), Economy

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Vacuum deposited optical coatings experiment (AO 138-4)

The aim of this experiment was to test the optical behavior of 20 components and coatings subjected to space exposure. Most of them are commonly used for their reflective or transmittive properties in spaceborne optics. They consist in several kind of metallic and dielectric mirrors designed for the 0.12 to 10 microns spectrum, UV, and NIR bandpass filters, visible, and IR antireflecting coatings, visible/IR dichroic beam splitters, and visible beam splitter. The coatings were deposited on various substrates such as glasses, germanium, magnesium fluoride, quartz, zinc selenide, and kanigened aluminum. Several coating materials were used such as Al, Ag, Au, MgF2, LaF3, ThF3, ThF4, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO, Ge, and ZnSe. Five samples of each component were manufactured. Two flight samples were mounted in such a way that one was directly exposed to space and the other looking backwards. The same arrangement was used for the spare samples stored on ground in a box identical to the flight one and they were kept under vacuum during the LDEF mission. Finally, one set of reference components was stocked in a sealed box under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. By comparing the preflight and postflight optical performances of the five samples of each component, it is possible to detect the degradations due to the space exposure.

Topic: Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on Blind Method of Estimating Speech Transmission Index from Noisy Reverberant Amplitude-Modulated-Signals

The authors previously proposed a method for blindly estimating the speech transmission index (STI) based on the concept of the modulation transfer function (MTF). This method, however, over- or under-estimates STIs from observed signals in real environments due to the effect of background noise. In this paper, the proposed method was developed from the previous method to resolve the problem by simultaneously estimating the effects of inverse MTFs in noisy and reverberant environments. Simulations were carried out to verify that the proposed method can correctly estimate STIs in noisy reverberant environments by using noisy reverberant AM signals. The results revealed that the proposed approach could be used to effectively estimate STIs from noisy reverberant signals in various room acoustics.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acid Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Pyrazoles with Trichloroacetimidates

N-Alkyl pyrazoles are important heterocycles in organic and medicinal chemistry, demonstrating a wide range of biological activity. A new method for the N-alkylation of pyrazoles has been developed using trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and a Brønsted acid catalyst. These reactions provide ready access to N-alkyl pyrazoles which are present in a variety of medicinally relevant lead structures. Benzylic, phenethyl and benzhydryl trichloroacetimidates provide good yields of the N-alkyl pyrazole products. Unsymmetrical pyrazoles provide a mixture of the two possible regioisomers, with the major product being controlled by sterics. This methodology provides an alternative to other alkylation methods that require strong base or high temperature.

Topic: Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
IV.—The Zigzag Course of the Cheddar Gorge

Having undertaken to explain the geology of the Cheddar gorge to the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club at one of their field-meetings this Summer, I thought I should do so more intelligently if I first acquired a practical knowledge of my subject. I accordingly paid a preliminary visit to Cheddar. There were two chief questions to be investigated: (1) the origin of the gorge, and (2) the cause of its serpentine, or rather zigzag, course. The former inquiry had been answered in four different ways. There had been geologists who held that the valley had been excavated by the waves of the sea. A second school taught that it had been produced by a dislocation, splitting the rocks asunder. The third theory regarded it as a valley of erosion, excavated in the ordinary way by a river on the surface. A fourth explanation placed the river underground, and maintained that the glen had originally been a long winding cavern, the roof of which had subsequently fallen in.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Faveleira (<i>Cnidoscolus quercifolius</i> Pohl) seed press cake flour: production, characterization and application for use in cookies

Abstract BACKGROUND Food processing produces large volumes of waste that can be transformed into useful and relevant ingredients. The by‐product of oil extraction from faveleira seeds is a potentially low‐cost raw material that can be used for obtaining functional foods. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of faveleira ( Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) seed press cake flour (FSPCF). Additionally, the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and physical, microbiological, and sensory aspects of cookies with 0, 25%, or 50% substitution of refined wheat flour (RWF) with FSPCF (0‐FSPCF, 25‐FSPCF, and 50‐FSPCF cookies, respectively) were evaluated. RESULTS FSPCF exhibited good physicochemical properties, high antioxidant activity (0.45 ± 0.00 and 42.83 ± 1.30 g TE g −1 for the DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively), and high polyphenol content (particularly gallic acid at 21015.85 ± 4981.76 g kg −1 ) and is also rich in minerals and fiber (359.40 ± 1.10 g kg −1 ). Replacement of RWF with FSPCF increased the activity of antioxidants and the levels of polyphenols, ash, lipids, proteins, and fibers. The 50‐FSPCF cookie possessed the highest linoleic acid content (97.50 ± 8.47 g kg −1 ). Flour replacement influenced the weight of the cookies without affecting the other physical characteristics. The cookies yielded good sensory acceptance and purchase intentions. Contamination was not detected. CONCLUSION Faveleira flour possesses high nutritional and bioactive value and can be used as a functional ingredient in cookies and possibly in other bakery products such as bread, cakes, and pastas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
INTERACTIVE ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF TABULAR DATA - eScholarship

Presented at the SIGGRAPH~ACM Fourth Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Int~ractive Techniques, San Jose, CA, July 20 - 22, 1977 LBL-SS98{~ tA(!.-3.2 . I INTERACTIVE ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF ·TABULAR DATA William H. Benson and Bernard Kitous July 1977 Prepared for the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration under Contract W-740S-ENG-48 for Reference this room Not to be taken f rom iF~ECEIVED iL/'\.W~{lf:r,!CE VI VI I BER!G~~F(( ~<N',C'I~j}.TORY OCT 1. 7 1977 UBI;;P . RY J.)S-iO t)OCUMEJ'1 rS SECTION

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences