jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Raster images and measurement with a Vickers M86 scanning microdensitometer and interferometer by computer control

SUMMARY A simple and easily adaptable interface between a Vickers M86 scanning microdensitometer and microinterferometer and a Z80 CP/M based microcomputer (Zenith Z89) is described. The hardware is supplemented by a software package written in Fortran‐66, linked with an assembly routine for two‐dimensional spot control and measurement. Facilities are provided for background correction, image processing, calibration of the spot movement, correction for glare, diffraction and finite spotsize and computer‐aided focusing. Results can be plotted on a matrix printer and on a graphical unit as ruled surface plot, as isophase or isodensity contour diagram or in three‐dimensional projection with hidden line removal.

Topic: Optical measurement and interference techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On a Cave-Dwelling Mysid From Cuba, of the Genus Spelaeomysis Caroli (Mysidacea, Lepidomysidae)

[Une description detaillee est donnee de Spelaeomysis nuniezi Bacescu & Orghidan. On insiste, entre autres, sur les particularites de la mandibule. L'espece (un des deux mysides actuellement connus de Cuba) avait ete decrite d'une grotte situee a la limite entre les provinces La Habana et Pinar del Rio (materiel recueilli en 1970). La presente description s'appuie sur les exemplaires captures en 1969 dans le lac d'une grotte creusee dans la Cayo Caguanes, au N. de la province Las Villas (a 400 km de distance par rapport au locus typicus)., Une description detaillee est donnee de Spelaeomysis nuniezi Bacescu & Orghidan. On insiste, entre autres, sur les particularites de la mandibule. L'espece (un des deux mysides actuellement connus de Cuba) avait ete decrite d'une grotte situee a la limite entre les provinces La Habana et Pinar del Rio (materiel recueilli en 1970). La presente description s'appuie sur les exemplaires captures en 1969 dans le lac d'une grotte creusee dans la Cayo Caguanes, au N. de la province Las Villas (a 400 km de distance par rapport au locus typicus).]

Topic: Mollusks and Parasites Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Thousand litre scale microcarrier culture of Vero cells for killed polio virus vaccine. Promising results.

Through the progress of scientific knowledge the Vero cell line was considered to be a suitable alternative cell substrate for the industrial production of Polio Virus. Using microcarrier culture, more than 10(12) cells could be obtained weekly for virus inoculation. The virus yield is around 60 D units/ml for type I; 20 D units/ml for type II, and 50 D units/ml for type III.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
O FRACASSO ESCOLAR: VÁRIOS OLHARES / THE SCHOOL FAILURE: SEVERAL LOOKS

Este texto tem o objetivo de teorizar sobre o fracasso escolar e suas causas, frente ao analfabetismo e ao conhecimento formal da língua oral e escrita. O mesmo pretende contribuir na reflexão acerca dos significados do fracasso escolar e dos diversos fatores que interferem no sucesso na produção do conhecimento, na sociedade contemporânea. Entre os fatores que contribuem na perpetuação do fracasso aponta-se a precariedade da estrutura física, administrativa e financeira da escola, a formação deficitária do professor e a ausência de políticas públicas voltadas para a educação. De forma especial, pretende enfatizar o papel da escola na sociedade atual na formação humanados alunos e professores a partir dos pressupostos de Edgar Morin, na busca de uma sociedade mais tolerante e livre da barbárie.

Topic: Education Pedagogy and Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Crystal Structure of a Six-coordinated [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrinato-&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;]iron(III) Complex with Two 3,5-Dimethylpyridine &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-Oxides

The title complex of a six-coordinated [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-porphyrinato-k4N]iron(III) complex with two 3,5-dimethylpyridine N-oxides, [Fe(TMP)(3,5-Me2PyNO)2]ClO4 (ClO4: perchlorate), was prepared, and characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 100(2)K. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 15.2889(4)Å, b = 15.8587(4)Å, c = 16.2403(5)Å, α = 84.596(2)°, β = 63.769(3)°, γ = 84.162(2)°, V = 3508.49(19)Å3, Dx = 1.345 g/cm3, and Z = 2. The R1 [I > 2σ(I)] and wR2 (all data) values are 0.0628 and 0.1517, respectively, for all 16923 independent reflections. The average Fe–N and Fe–O distances are 2.041(3)Å and 2.033(3)Å. The porphyrin ring is a completely planar structure. We will determine the magnetic behaviors by SQUID and ESR measurements.

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Septum-Localized Protein Required for Filament Integrity and Diazotrophy in the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp. Strain PCC 7120

ABSTRACT Heterocysts, formed when filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, are grown in the absence of combined nitrogen, are cells that are specialized in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) under oxic conditions and that transfer fixed nitrogen to the vegetative cells of the filament. Anabaena sp. mutants whose sepJ gene (open reading frame alr2338 of the Anabaena sp. genome) was affected showed filament fragmentation and arrested heterocyst differentiation at an early stage. In a sepJ insertional mutant, a layer similar to a heterocyst polysaccharide layer was formed, but the heterocyst-specific glycolipids were not synthesized. The sepJ mutant did not exhibit nitrogenase activity even when assayed under anoxic conditions. In contrast to proheterocysts produced in the wild type, those produced in the sepJ mutant still divided. SepJ is a multidomain protein whose N-terminal region is predicted to be periplasmic and whose C-terminal domain resembles an export permease. Using a green fluorescent protein translationally fused to the carboxyl terminus of SepJ, we observed that in mature heterocysts and vegetative cells, the protein is localized at the intercellular septa, and when cell division starts, it is localized in a ring whose position is similar to that of a Z ring. SepJ is a novel composite protein needed for filament integrity, proper heterocyst development, and diazotrophic growth.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ramsey degrees of ultrafilters, pseudointersection numbers, and the tools of topological Ramsey spaces

This paper investigates properties of $σ$-closed forcings which generate ultrafilters satisfying weak partition relations. The Ramsey degree of an ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ for $n$-tuples, denoted $t(\mathcal{U},n)$, is the smallest number $t$ such that given any $l\ge 2$ and coloring $c:[ω]^n\rightarrow l$, there is a member $X\in\mathcal{U}$ such that the restriction of $c$ to $[X]^n$ has no more than $t$ colors. Many well-known $σ$-closed forcings are known to generate ultrafilters with finite Ramsey degrees, but finding the precise degrees can sometimes prove elusive or quite involved, at best. In this paper, we utilize methods of topological Ramsey spaces to calculate Ramsey degrees of several classes of ultrafilters generated by $σ$-closed forcings. These include a hierarchy of forcings due to Laflamme which generate weakly Ramsey and weaker rapid p-points, forcings of Baumgartner and Taylor and of Blass and generalizations, and the collection of non-p-points generated by the forcings $\mathcal{P}(ω^k)/\mathrm{Fin}^{\otimes k}$. We provide a general approach to calculating the Ramsey degrees of these ultrafilters, obtaining new results as well as streamlined proofs of previously known results. In the second half of the paper, we calculate pseudointersection and tower numbers for these $σ$-closed forcings and their relationships with the classical pseudointersection number $\mathfrak{p}$.

Topic: Advanced Topology and Set Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
An effective approach for large scale floorplanning

Floorplacement" has attracted attention, as a placement formula- tion for designs with thousands or millions of soft macro blocks. In this paper, we investigate the "standard block" approach, where soft blocks are shaped to have uniform height, rather than a wide range of different sizes. This allows many macro blocks can be treated as standard cells, simplifying the problem to one of ordinary mixed size placement. We obtain high quality results for a suite of recent benchmarks, and also present novel legalization algorithms that are more robust than the widely-used mixed-size tetris approach.

Topic: VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Smoking and lower urinary tract symptoms in Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events Trial

Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in older men, with many developing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that impair quality of life. Smoking has many well‐established adverse effects, but its effects on benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and associated LUTS are unclear. We sought to determine if smoking is a risk factor for the incidence of LUTS in asymptomatic men and for the progression of LUTS in symptomatic men. Methods We performed a post‐hoc analysis of Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events in 3060 “asymptomatic” men with baseline International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) &lt; 8 and in 2198 symptomatic men with baseline IPSS ≥ 8 not taking 5α‐reductase inhibitors or α‐blockers. We used multivariable Cox regression models to assess associations between smoking status at baseline and LUTS incidence and progression. Among asymptomatic men, incident LUTS was defined as the first report of medical or surgical treatment for BPH, or sustained clinically significant LUTS (two reports of IPSS &gt; 14). Among symptomatic men, LUTS progression was defined as IPSS increase of ≥4 points from baseline, surgical intervention for BPH, or starting a new BPH drug. Results Of 3060 asymptomatic men, 15% ( n = 467) were current, 40% ( n = 1231) former, and 45% ( n = 1362) never‐smokers. Of 2198 symptomatic men, 14% ( n = 320) were current, 39% ( n = 850) former, and 47% ( n = 1028) never‐smokers. In asymptomatic men, compared with never‐smokers, current and former smoking at baseline were not associated with LUTS incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [adj‐HR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.78–1.48 and adj‐HR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.30). In symptomatic men, compared with never‐smokers, current and former smoking at baseline were not associated with the progression of LUTS (adj‐HR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92–1.33 and adj‐HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.90–1.18). Conclusions In REDUCE, smoking status was not associated with either incident LUTS in asymptomatic men or progression of LUTS in symptomatic men.

Topic: Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gut filling, gut content and fatty acid composition of demersal fish species sampled during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/2

The gut contents and fatty acid composition of 49 fish belonging to five Antarctic demersal families (Nototheniidae, Macrouridae, Channichtyidae, Bathydraconidae and Artedidraconidae) sampled at two stations at the Southern Ocean shelf and deep sea (600 and 2150 m) were analysed in order to identify their main food resource by linking trophic biomarkers with the dietary items found in the fish guts. Main food items of most fish analysed were amphipod crustaceans (e.g. in 63% of Trematomus bernachii guts) and polychaetes (e.g. in 80% of Bathydraco sp. guts), but other food items including fish, other crustaceans and gastropods were also ingested. The most prominent fatty acids found were 20:5(n-3), 16:0, 22:6(n-3) and 18:1(n-9). The results of gut content and fatty acid analyses indicate that all fish except the Channichthyidae share similar food resources irrespective of their depth distribution, i.e. benthic amphipods and polychaetes. A difference of the dietary spectrum can be observed with ontogenetic phases rather than between species, as high values of typical calanoid copepod marker fatty acids as 22:1(n-11) indicate that younger (smaller) specimens include more zooplankton in their diet.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 14735: Carotid Artery Stenting and Carotid Endarterectomy are Comparable Among Medicare Beneficiaries Treated in Routine Clinical Practice

Introduction: The relative performance of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among Medicare beneficiaries in routine clinical practice has not been established. Objective: To compare the performance of CAS relative to CEA among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: We linked Medicare data (2000-2009) to the Society for Vascular Surgery’s Vascular Registry (SVS-VR; 2005-2008) and to the NCDR® Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy Registry (CARE; 2006-2008/9). Medicare patients aged ≥66 years undergoing CAS or CEA were followed from the procedure date for the outcomes of death, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI) or a composite endpoint for these outcomes. We derived high-dimensional propensity scores using registry and Medicare data to control for patient-level factors and adjusted for provider-level factors including past-year CAS/CEA physician and hospital volume, hospital ownership, teaching affiliation, and hospital size in a Cox regression model comparing CAS to CEA. Results: Among 5,254 SVS-VR (1,999 CAS and 3,255 CEA) and 4,055 CARE (2,824 CAS and 1,231 CEA) patients, CAS patients were more often at higher surgical risk (SVS-VR: 96.7% vs. 44.5%; CARE: 71.3% vs. 44.7%) and had a higher comorbidity burden. Crude outcome risks for death and stroke/TIA were lower for CEA. Adjusting for patient-level factors drove estimates downwards for CAS relative to CEA but only after further adjustment for provider-level factors did the performance of CAS and CEA become comparable on all outcomes (figure 1). Conclusion: Performance of CAS and CEA among Medicare beneficiaries was comparable after accounting for patient- and provider-level factors, which is consistent with landmark trials. Further studies are needed to understand the role of heterogeneity in provider-level characteristics.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation on the Crystal Structures of Molecules Related to 2‐(Benzylsulfinyl)Benzoic Acid, As a Support to the Studies on the Inhibition of Human Carbonic Anhydrases

Abstract A recent interest attaches to the derivatives of the (2‐benzylsulfinyl)benzoic acid as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs), an action that can be applied in innovative therapies. A set of crystal structures of six sulfides and six enantiopure sulfoxides related to this scaffold, taken from the literature, or derived from the work on the asymmetric synthesis of sulfinyl compounds, is investigated. The lattice energies of these structures are estimated by means of the Crystal Explorer 21 program. The weak interactions building up the crystal structures are identified, and their contributions are analyzed in comparison with the calculated lattice energies. The most stable conformations in the solid phase are identified. It is worth observing that the sulfides of the scaffold under investigation behave almost in the same manner; on the other hand, the presence of the sulfinyl group of the sulfoxides adds complexity, that shall be taken into account in future docking calculations of these molecules with the hCAs enzymes.

Topic: Enzyme function and inhibition
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The analysis of Henan hot spring tourism resources development of Lushan Mountain

In this paper, now hot spring tourism resources development in Henan Lushan Mountain analysis of existing problems, and puts forward the Countermeasures of developing hot spring tourism resources in line with Lushan Mountain economic development, the results of this study can help Lushan Mountain county government plays a certain reference role in the development of hot spring tourism resources in the.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Comparative Study of Pioneer Entry Decisions in the <scp>U</scp>nited <scp>S</scp>tates and <scp>C</scp>hina

According to the resource‐based view of the firm, competitive advantages arise from control and deployment of productive resources that are rare and difficult to imitate. Through early entry, pioneers can gain preferential access to key resources. However, the value of that access depends on the presence of isolating mechanisms that limit or prevent competitive imitation. Isolating mechanisms increase the desirability of early entry by lengthening the time horizon over which the firm can earn Ricardian rents on those resources. To explore these implications of the resource‐based view, this study examines the impact of isolating mechanisms on pioneer advantages by analyzing the market entry timing decisions of 209 U . S . and 302 C hinese entrepreneurs. We hypothesize that the stronger intellectual property and legal protections available in the U nited S tates are an isolating mechanism that should increase the perceived importance of differentiation and cost advantages in the U nited S tates relative to C hina. Consistent with this argument, we find evidence that the relationships between the number of successful first‐mover decisions and (1) perceived pioneer differentiation advantages and (2) perceived cost advantages are relatively stronger in the U nited S tates than in C hina. We also argue that the importance of personal relationships in C hina constitutes an isolating mechanism that should increase the perceived importance of preemptive pioneer advantages in C hina relative to the U nited S tates. Consistent with this reasoning, we find that the coefficient linking perceptions of pioneer preemptive advantages with the number of successful first‐mover decisions is significant in the C hinese sample and not in the U . S . sample, but the difference between these coefficients is not significant. These results provide support for the argument that the availability of strong IP and legal protection encourages early entry decisions by entrepreneurs because these protections enhance the pioneer's ability to build a differentiated position in the minds of target customers and secure a cost advantage over later entrants. The results also support the argument that strong personal connections and the practice of reciprocity play a key role in the success of Chinese entrepreneurs.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dante and Shakespeare

Dante and Shakespeare Get access B. Nicholson B. Nicholson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-XI, Issue 273, 22 March 1879, Page 233, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-XI.273.233b Published: 22 March 1879

Topic: Early Modern Spanish Literature
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
eLife Assessment: N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters

Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the B-cell plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, generates these actin foci. N-WASP-dependent actin foci facilitate non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone to create actomyosin ring-like structures. Furthermore, B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3 generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Triceps Tendon Ruptures

» Triceps tendon ruptures (TTRs) are rare and often occur as a result of falling on an outstretched hand, forceful eccentric contraction, direct trauma to the elbow, or lifting against resistance. » TTRs are most commonly seen in middle-aged men, football players, and weightlifters. » Radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging may be utilized for diagnosis and to guide treatment. » Acute partial TTRs may have good outcomes with nonoperative management. Surgery should be considered if nonoperative treatment is unsuccessful or if substantial musculotendinous retraction is present. » Surgical repair is strongly recommended for complete TTRs.

Topic: Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR METHOD BASED DESIGN OF DATA FUSION ALGORITHMS FOR ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANT SYSTEMS

Data fusion can be defined as the processes of combining different types of sensor data into a common data type. Multisensor data fusion refers to the synergistic combination of sensory data from multiple sensors to provide reliable and accurate information. The challenge is how such huge data which is independently diverse can be fused. Hence there is a necessity for sophisticated and efficient data fusion techniques. Various approaches to address this problem have been found in literature and can be categorized broadly as a statistical method, generic Bayesian filter, and its derived filters, AI, deep learning, etc. In this paper, two different approaches and techniques to address the problem of sensor data fusion are presented and their comparative analysis is shown. Data fusion algorithms using a generic linear method (Kalman filter) and a nonlinear method (extended Kalman filter) have been designed in this work. Further, the challenges in a fusion of a variety of data, measured by different sensors, are addressed considering multiple-sensor-based autonomous vehicles as the application area for the current work.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences