jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clostridioides difficile ribotype distribution in a large teaching hospital in Serbia

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>The global epidemic of nosocomial diarrhea caused by <italic>Clostridioides</italic> (<italic>Clostridium) difficile</italic> started in 2000, with high mortality rates and emergence of a new hypervirulent strain NAP1/BI/027. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of ribotype 027 and other <italic>C. difficile </italic>ribotypes in a Serbian University Hospital, compare the temporal variability of ribotypes three years apart, as well as to compare clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics and disease outcome among patients infected with 027 and non-027 ribotype. This was a prospective observational cohort study addressing four-month intervals during 2014/2015 and 2017/2018. <bold>Results: </bold>Ribotyping was performed in 64 non-duplicate <italic>C. difficile </italic>strains. Ribotype 027 was the most prevalent, and was detected in 53 (82.8%) patients (43/45 and 10/19 patients in 2014-2015 and 2017/2018, respectively). Other detected ribotypes were 001/072 in 4 (6,3%), 002 in 4 (6,3%), 014/020 in 2 (3,1%) and 176 in 1 (1,5%) patient. The percentage of the patients infected with ribotype 027 significantly decreased during the three-year period, from 95.6% to 52.6% (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). Ribotype 027 infection was associated with fluoroquinolone treatment more frequently than infection with other ribotypes [33 (62.3%) vs. 2 (18.2%), <italic>p=</italic> 0.010)]. A severe <italic>C. difficile</italic> infection was diagnosed more often in patients with the detected ribotype 027 compared to those infected with non-027 ribotypes (p=0.006). No significant difference in the mortality and recurrence rates was found between the patients infected with ribotype 027 and those infected with other ribotypes [10/53 (18.8%) vs. 2/11 (18.2%), p=0.708, and 10/35 (28.6%) vs. 0/2 (0%), p=1.000, respectively].<bold>Conclusion: </bold><italic>C. difficile </italic>ribotype 027 was the most prevalent ribotype among patients in a large Serbian hospital, but there is a clear decreasing trend.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On Quasitoric Orbifolds

Quasitoric spaces were introduced by Davis and Januskiewicz in their 1991 Duke paper. There they extensively studied topological invariants of quasitoric manifolds. These manifolds are generalizations or topological counterparts of nonsingular projective toric varieties. In this article we study structures and invariants of quasitoric orbifolds. In particular, we discuss equivalent definitions and determine the orbifold fundamental group, rational homology groups and cohomology ring of a quasitoric orbifold. We determine whether any quasitoric orbifold can be the quotient of a smooth manifold by a finite group action or not. We prove existence of stable almost complex structure and describe the Chen-Ruan cohomology groups of an almost complex quasitoric orbifold.

Topic: Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Plasma–photocatalytic degradation of dyeing wastewater: comparison of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and graphene oxide

Non‐thermal plasma combined with photocatalysis is a viable technique for the degradation of organic impurities in wastewater. In this work, a specially devised dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor system coupled with photocatalysis was applied to the degradation of CI Acid Red 4 which is commonly used as a textile dye. Dye degradation in the combined system was evaluated with three different photocatalysts: titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and graphene oxide. The photocatalysts were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, particle size analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area. It was found that the combination of photocatalysis with plasma substantially improved dye degradation by comparison with plasma alone. To identify which photocatalyst exhibited the best performance, the influence of photocatalysis alone on dye degradation was separately determined using an ultraviolet lamp, which showed that graphene oxide, which has a broad band gap, degraded the dye most effectively.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adaptive Differentiator‐Based Predefined‐Time Control for Nonlinear Systems Subject to Pure‐Feedback Form and Unknown Disturbance

In this article, by utilizing the predefined‐time stability theory, the predefined‐time output tracking control problem for perturbed uncertain nonlinear systems with pure‐feedback structure is addressed. The nonaffine structure of the original system is simplified as an affine form via the property of the mean value theorem. Furthermore, the design difficulty from the uncertain nonlinear function is overcome by the excellent approximation performance of RBF neural networks (NNs). An adaptive predefined‐time controller is designed by introducing the finite‐time differentiator which is used to decrease the computational complexity problem appeared in the traditional backstepping control. It is proved that the proposed control method guarantees all signals in the closed‐loop system remain bound and the tracking error converges to zero within the predefined time. Based on the controller designed in this paper, the expected results can be obtained in predefined time, which can be illustrated by the simulation results.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PDB: 2XWT, Crystal structure of TSH receptor in complex with human mAb autoantibody K1-70 (312K, 39°C, 200 ns): random seed #2

Crystal structure of TSH receptor in complex with human mAb autoantibody K1-70 (312K, 39°C, 200 ns), random seed #2. Includes PDBs obtained every 50 ns. Includes calculations of free binding energies.

Topic: Urticaria and Related Conditions
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genomic epidemiology of Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary referral center in Lilongwe, Malawi

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, including in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the genetics of resistant bacteria in the region. In Malawi, there is growing concern about increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance to most empirically used antimicrobials. The highly drug resistant Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131, which is associated with the extended spectrum β-lactamase bla CTX-M-15 , has been increasing in prevalence globally. Previous data from isolates collected between 2006 and 2013 in southern Malawi have revealed the presence of ST131 and the bla CTX-M-15 gene in the country. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 58 clinical E. coli isolates at Kamuzu Central Hospital, a tertiary care centre in central Malawi, collected from 2012 to 2018. We used Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing, which was performed in Malawi. We show that ST131 is observed more often (14.9% increasing to 32.8%) and that the bla CTX-M-15 gene is occurring at a higher frequency (21.3% increasing to 44.8%). Phylogenetics indicates that isolates are highly related between the central and southern geographic regions and confirms that ST131 isolates are contained in a single group. All AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15 , were widely distributed across sequence types. We also identified an increased number of ST410 isolates, which in this study tend to carry a plasmid-located copy of bla CTX-M-15 gene at a higher frequency than bla CTX-M-15 occurs in ST131. This study confirms the expanding nature of ST131 and the wide distribution of the bla CTX-M-15 gene in Malawi. We also highlight the feasibility of conducting longitudinal genomic epidemiology studies of important bacteria with the sequencing done on site using a nanopore platform that requires minimal infrastructure.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Brief Review on Epigenetic Aspects involved in Depression

It is known that external environmental or internal physiologic factors interact with an individual’s genetic constitution to determine risk for depression throughout life. This can be possible through epigenetic mechanisms that lead to changes in gene expression – with transgenerational abilities - that do not involve a change in the DNA sequence. Here we briefly summarize the link between depressive disorders and epigenetics, considering stressful events as important triggers for these modifications. The increasing knowledge in this issue is relevant for updating and expanding comprehension in the molecular basis of this mood disorder.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
DASAR KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BADUNG DALAM MEMBERIKAN STANDAR PELAYANAN BAGI PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN

Base on Article 28 G paragraph (1) The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia to declare,that every person has the right to protection of self, family, material, dignity, and propertyunder his control, and has the right to feel secure and protection from threats to do ornot to do that is a human right. In addition, under Article 20 of act Child Protection toregulate that the State, government, society, family, and the parents are obliged responsiblefor the implementation of child protection. In article 5 of act on the Elimination of DomesticViolence to declare that every person is prohibited from domestic violence against people inthe scope of the household by means of: physical violence; psychological violence; sexualviolence; or neglect of household.Based on the reality that exsistence of women and children are the group who are becomingvictims of violence. Many factors contribute to the violence against women and children,among which is a factor of a patriarchal culture that is still views women is lower than inmen. Another thing is also very influence violence as a false perception of violence whichconsiders that violence as a matter of course, and the rights of the offender.The purpose of research is to determine the authority of local government in providingprotection for women and children victims of violence. So, want to know the forms andmechanisms of a given service standards Badung regency administration especially to womenand children victims of violence. Specific targets to be achieved is to provide information tothe public that is legally local governments have the authority to provide service standardsand to determine also whether local governments already have a minimum service standardsand other forms of care is given to women and children victims of violence , given the manywomen and children victims of violence have not got a good service or minimum service asa form of protection for women and children victims of violence. The method is normativeresearch.Base on discussion can be presented , the first, that authority Badung Government in providingservice standards for women and children victims of violence. That service standards hasbeen regulated in act Number. 15 of 2013, that is the title of act the Protection of Womenand Children Victims of Violence. Second, that the standard services forms of BadungGovernment have five (5) types of shapes minimum service standards.

Topic: Legal and Social Justice Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evidence of time-dependent changes in renal medullary Na,K-ATPase activity and expression in diabetic rats.

The medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the kidney displays structural changes during long term diabetes. After twelve weeks of diabetes, there is controversy over the changes in Na,K-ATPase activity. To observe the long-term changes, we studied MTAL Na,K-ATPase activity and protein expression in diabetic animals 6 (6W) and 12 weeks (12W) after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. Three groups were studied, one control group, one group 6W after, and one group 12W after induction of diabetes. Membrane fractions from the inner strip of the outer medulla representing MTAL were isolated. Na,K-ATPase activity and western blottings of alpha1- and beta1-subunits were carried out. 6W diabetes resulted in an increase, and 12W in a decrease in the MTAL Na,K-ATPase activity versus the control group (respectively 63.3 +/- 21.2; 7.5 +/- 2.4 and 31.6 +/- 11.4; micromol Pi/mg prot/hr +/- SEM). The Na,K-ATPase subunit expression was increased at 6W, and decreased after 12W, resulting in amounts below control values for both alpha1- and beta1-subunits. Our results confirm a diabetes-induced biphasic time-dependent alteration MTAL Na,K-ATPase activity, supported by similar changes in alpha1 and beta1 Na,K-ATPase subunits-expression.

Topic: Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
artdaq: An Event-Building, Filtering, and Processing Framework

Several current and proposed experiments at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA, have novel data acquisition needs. These include 1) continuous digitization, using commercial high-speed digitizers, of signals from the detectors, 2) the transfer of all of the digitized waveform data to commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, 3) the filtering or compression of the waveform data, or both, and 4) the writing of the resultant data to disk for later, more complete, analysis. To address these needs, members of the Accelerator and Detector Simulation and Support Department within the Scientific Computing Division at Fermilab are using parallel processing technologies in the development of artdaq, a generic data acquisition toolkit. The artdaq toolkit uses Message Passing Interface (MPI) and art, an established event-processing framework shared by new experiments at Fermilab. In an artdaq program, the digitized data are transferred into computing nodes using commodity Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) cards, and event fragments are transferred between distributed processes using MPI and assembled into complete events. These events are then processed by a configurable selection of user-specified algorithms, commonly including filtering and compression algorithms, using the art event-processing framework. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the first phase of the artdaq toolkit and shows early performance results with configurations that match upcoming experiments both at Fermilab and elsewhere.

Topic: Image and Object Detection Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
“We beg you not to equate the names of Gypsies and knife-grinders with honest traders”

This article focusses on common contemporary associations of itinerant trades with ‘Gypsy-ness’ and the consequent relationship between adopting anti-Gypsy measures and state in-tentions to regulate the profession of itinerant trades. By analysing the intended bill on itin-erant trades, this article shows how administrative police terms such as ‘Gypsies’ and ‘work-shies’ were intertwined. It further argues that limiting space for mobile, self-employed economic activities went hand in hand with legalising the status of second-class citizens in 1927 when a new law On Wandering Gypsies was passed by the Czechoslovak Parliament. The article also analyses the agency of one particular itinerant traders’ association called Kotva (Anchor) and pays attention to the traders’ manifold defensive strategies. Because of their close contacts with Roma and Sinti (with whom they shared social and economic spac-es) the traders sought to set themselves apart from Gypsies and to present themselves as ‘de-cent citizens’, in other words part of the Czechoslovak nation. In their successful effort to shield themselves from being included in the new police register of ‘wandering Gypsies’, they reproduced and amplified the state aim to eliminate ‘work-shies’ among itinerant traders. The article thus deals with the process of racialization of the category of ‘Gypsies’ in interwar Czechoslovakia, with racialization here being presented as an intricate historical process which was influenced even by non-state historical actors.

Topic: Romani and Gypsy Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Drug-induced neuropathies

AMA Banach M, Juranek J, Antczak J. Drug-induced neuropathies. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2015;17(4):284-288. doi:10.5114/fmpcr/60395. APA Banach, M., Juranek, J., & Antczak, J. (2015). Drug-induced neuropathies. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 17(4), 284-288. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr/60395 Chicago Banach, Marta, Judyta K. Juranek, and Jakub Antczak. 2015. "Drug-induced neuropathies". Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 17 (4): 284-288. doi:10.5114/fmpcr/60395. Harvard Banach, M., Juranek, J., and Antczak, J. (2015). Drug-induced neuropathies. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 17(4), pp.284-288. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr/60395 MLA Banach, Marta et al. "Drug-induced neuropathies." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, vol. 17, no. 4, 2015, pp. 284-288. doi:10.5114/fmpcr/60395. Vancouver Banach M, Juranek J, Antczak J. Drug-induced neuropathies. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2015;17(4):284-288. doi:10.5114/fmpcr/60395.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Behavioural Impairment and Frontotemporal Dementia in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy

Some patients with Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) develop frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The prevalence and clinical correlates of behavioural impairment, including FTD, is unknown in OPMD. 24 OPMD patients and their proxies completed a questionnaire concerning behavioural impairment (ALS-FTD-Q). We examined proportions with mild or severe behavioural changes, according to validated cut-off proxy scores. We examined correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), motor symptoms, genotype and disease duration. In this small patient sample, behavioural impairment was present in 29%of OPMD patients; in 17%the severity of symptoms was compatible with bvFTD. Correlations were small to medium.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards development and validation of scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing

Purpose This paper aims to develop and validate scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing that confirms religious–humanistic approach with special reference to ethical philosophy in Islam. Synthesized model of Ferrell and Gresham contingency framework for ethical decision-making in marketing and Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy are considered as theoretical background of this study. Design/methodology/approach “Content validity test” and “factor analysis” are used to refine measurement items and define as well as validate the scale, respectively. A total of 362 samples were collected from Islamic banking practitioners in the United Arab Emirates. Findings Item scale of the constructs comprised in the conceptual model defined and validated by using content validity test (CVT). Underlying theoretical dimensions of the constructs were extracted through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and evidence of validation of scale/construct reported through CFA. Research limitations/implications The scope of this paper is limited to development and validation of scale. Future studies are suggested to use the newly validated scale/construct in descriptive model, and examine the hypotheses prescribed in the model. Further, explanations on theoretical background of this paper is limited as the main objective of this paper is to statistically validate the conceptual model adopted. Practical implications Proper application of validated scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing should enable concerned authorities of marketing department to gauge and understand the ethical aspects of individuals in the organizations. Apparently, apprehension of ethical perception of workforces in organizations should benefit in enhancing competence and minimize the costs from unethical behaviour, and, thus, better governance in whole level of management. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an initial attempt to develop and validate the scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing that accommodates both religious and humanistic aspects into a single model to examine the decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of individuals in organizations.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Effects and mechanisms of morphine on synaptic transmission of hippocampal neurons of rat].

The results suggest that the exciting effect of morphine on hippocampal neurons are not due to direct influence of morphine on glutamate synapses transmission, but may result from the inhibition on interneurons, that is "disinhibition" way.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas

Spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas present mostly as intradural-extradurally. Purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastoma is a very rare entity. In this study, we aimed to analyze epidemiological perspectives of purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas presented in English medical literature in addition to our own exemplary case. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched using the terms “hemangioblastoma,” “extradural,” “spinal,” and “nerve root.” Demographical variables of age, gender, concomitant presence of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease; spinal imaging and/or intraoperative findings for tumor location were surveyed from retrieved articles. There are 38 patients with purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastoma. The median age is 45 years (range = 24–72 years). Female:male ratio is 0.6. Spinal levels for purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas, in order of decreasing frequency, are thoracic (48.6%), cervical (13.5%), lumbar (13.5%), lumbosacral (10.8%), sacral (8.1%), and thoracolumbar (5.4%). Concomitant presence of VHL disease is 45%. Purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas are very rare and can be confused with other more common extradural spinal cord tumors. Concomitant presence of VHL disease is observed in less than half of the patients with purely extradural spinal nerve root hemangioblastomas. Surgery is the first-line treatment in these tumors.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences