jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Article Crossing Fibers Detection with an Analytical High Order Tensor Decomposition

Copyright © 2014 T. Megherbi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is the only technique to probe in vivo and noninvasively the fiber structure of human brain white matter. Detecting the crossing of neuronal fibers remains an exciting challenge with an important impact in tractography. In this work, we tackle this challenging problem and propose an original and efficient technique to extract all crossing fibers from diffusion signals. To this end, we start by estimating, from the dMRI signal, the so-called Cartesian tensor fiber orientation distribution (CT-FOD) function, whose maxima correspond exactly to the orientations of the fibers. The fourth order symmetric positive definite tensor that represents the CT-FOD is then analytically decomposed via the application of a new theoretical approach and this decomposition is used to accurately extract all the fibers orientations. Our proposed high order tensor decomposition based approach is minimal and allows recovering the whole crossing fibers without any a priori information on the total number of fibers. Various experiments performed on noisy synthetic data, on phantom diffusion, data and on human brain data validate our approach and clearly demonstrate that it is efficient, robust to noise and performs favorably in terms of angular resolution and accuracy when compared to some classical and state-of-the-art approaches. 1.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Behaviour factor and displacement estimation of low-ductility precast wall system under seismic actions

This paper investigated the seismic behaviour of an innovated non-ductile precast concrete wall structural system; namely HC Precast System (HCPS). The system comprises load-bearing precast wall panels merely connected only to column at both ends. Such study is needed because there is limited research information available in design codes for such structure particularly in regions having low to moderate seismicity threats. Experimentally calibrated numerical model of the wall system was used to carry out nonlinear pushover analyses with various types of lateral loading patterns. Effects of laterally applied single point load (SPL), uniformly distributed load (UDL), modal distributed load (MDL) and triangular distributed load (TDL) onto global behaviour of HCPS were identified. Discussion was focused on structural performance such as ductility, deformability, and effective stiffness of the wall system. Thus, a new method for engineers to estimate the nonlinear deformation of HCPS through linear analysis was proposed.

Topic: Seismic Performance and Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dielectric breakdown mechanism of HfSiON/SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectric

The breakdown mechanism of HfSiON/SiO/sub 2/ gate stacks is discussed, based on studies of the band diagram, carrier separation and charge pumping measurements. We found that both holes and electrons contribute to BD and therefore the combination of the stress polarity and the device type should be chosen carefully to evaluate the reliability.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptable Android Applications for PalCom-based Systems

The aim of this thesis is to make it simple and efficient to produce applications for smartphones. The main area of application is within the health care sector, where alarm receiving devices are needed to inform personnel of pend-ing situations. Most medical alarm systems are unique and hence require a unique GUI (Graphical User Inter-face). However, at the core, the main functionality is to communicate with the medical equipment, and therefore the needed smartphone applications would at the core be very similar. To address this issue, this thesis establishes the similar-ity between the different alarm systems by assuming that they are based on a service based system called PalCom. This ensures that the communication between the smart-

Topic: Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Neuromuscular Model for Symbiotic Man-Machine Exoskeleton Control Accounting for Patient Impairment Specificity

Millions of people worldwide live with impaired locomotion. The degree of impairment is highly variable and the causes are multiple. This variation necessitates the design of a new generation of exoskeleton controllers for personalised, symbiotic man-machine interaction. One of the characteristics of such a controller is the ability to realistically include the characteristics of both normal and neurologically impaired human locomotion. The information can be used to recover only the relevant missing features of locomotion. In this paper, we describe the main characterisation tools used to describe human movement and discuss possible ways to include the resulting information in a neuromuscular model in order to create a personalised controller for a wearable exoskeleton.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comparison between the first absolute central moment and the gradient of Gaussian when detecting edges in presence of Gaussian noise

The gray-level absolute central moment of the first order provides ridges at gray-level discontinuities as well as a conventional gradient of Gaussian (GoG). A mass center b of the gray-level variability can also be associated to the first absolute central moment. When given a starting point p, vector b indicates the path which joins p to the nearest gray-level discontinuity as well as the gradient of the GoG magnitude. However, when the right configuration of the operator is chosen, vector b indicates a point which is closer to the discontinuity than p, regardless of the distance between p and the discontinuity. Therefore, when using vector b, gray-level discontinuities can be located with an iterative approach. In this paper, the edge detection properties of the first absolute central moment are compared with those of the GoG.

Topic: Statistical and numerical algorithms
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neutron imaging of liquid-liquid systems containing paramagnetic salt solutions

This repository contains data related to the publication: Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 022405 (2020); doi: 10.1063/1.5135390 The neutron images of Figs. 2-4 and the supplementary material are included in the respective folders.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chronobiology of Cancers in the Liver and Gut

Circadian rhythms dictate the timing of cellular and organismal physiology to maintain homeostasis. Within the liver and gut, circadian rhythms influence lipid and glucose homeostasis, xenobiotic metabolism, and nutrient absorption. Disruption of this orchestrated timing is known to negatively impact human health and contribute to disease progression, including carcinogenesis. Dysfunctional core clock timing has been identified in malignant growths and may be used as a molecular signature of disease progression. Likewise, the circadian clock and its downstream effectors also represent potential for novel therapeutic targets. Here, the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of cancers of the liver and gut will be reviewed, and chronotherapy and chronopharmacology will be explored as potential treatment options.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Galaxies, The Redshift, and Gravity

When apparent velocities of galaxies in clusters, measured by the red - &#13;\nshift, are correlated against magnitude and morphology, strong non -dynamical &#13;\ncorrelations emerge. The details of the correlations are used to develop a &#13;\nlogical theory for the existance of multiple substates of matter, presumably &#13;\ninvolving the substructure of fundamental particles. Transitions between &#13;\nsubstates in a time systematic sense are presumed to occur under the ultimate &#13;\nconditions existant in the cores of black holes in galaxy nuclei. Subsequent &#13;\nseparation of states and the interrelations between galaxies require that &#13;\ndifferent substates of matter be non -interactive gravitationally.

Topic: History and Developments in Astronomy
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The role of Toll-like receptors-4 in the pathogenesis of development of anemia of inflammation in young children

Aim. To determine the pathogenetic role of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLRs-4) in the development of anemia of inflammation (AI). Materials and methods. The content of TLRs-4, ferritin and iron in blood serum of 78 children (1.5 ± 0.4 years old on the average) was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main group included 46 children with acute inflammatory bacterial diseases of the respiratory system, which were divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup included 24 children with AI, the second – 22 children without anemia. Depending on the etiological factor, the main group was divided into subgroups: 1a – 12 patients with AI, Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected as the pathogen, 1b – 12 patients with AI, the pathogen – Haemophilus influenzae, 2a – 11 patients without AI, the pathogen – Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2b – 11 patients without AI, the pathogen – Haemophilus influenzae. The comparison group included 16 children with iron deficiency anemia without inflammatory manifestations. Control group included 16 conditionally healthy children. The observation groups were representative by age and sex of the children. Results. It was determined that the content of TLRs-4 in children in the main group depended on the bacterial pathogen. The content of TLRs-4 in the subgroup where Haemophilus influenzae was the etiological factor exceeded more than 2 times the results of the control group (P < 0.05), 1.7 times the comparison group, and 2 times relative to their content in the group, where the disease was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.05). There was a close correlation between the content of TLRs-4 in the group of patients whose disease was caused by gram-negative flora and the content of ferritin (r = 0.8, P < 0.05). The iron in the blood serum of children with anemia of inflammation was significantly lower than in the comparison and control groups by 1.6 times (8.78 (6.8215.30) ng/ml and 13.88 (12.74–16.52) ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions. The development of AI in young children is accompanied by an increase in TLRs-4, primarily in response to the intrusion of gram-negative microflora (Haemophilus influenzae). The content of ferritin is directly dependent on their level, which suggests the starting role in the protective mechanism of iron sequestration, which is an important link in the pathogenesis of the development of AI.

Topic: Human Health and Disease
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Curvature Inversion Technique

Objective To assess the laser‐assisted curvature inversion technique for the treatment of patients with patulous Eustachian tube (PET). Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods Eleven patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction underwent laser‐assisted curvature inversion technique (CIT) of the medial and lateral lamina of the Eustachian tube. A KTP laser is used to cross‐hatch the medial and lateral lamina of the tube to modify the curvature and to alter the spring of the posterior cushion. A change in the direction of the cartilaginous structure curvature is created to promote full closure of the patulous gap without interfering with the tube’s muscular activity. None of the patients had any concurrent disease or additional surgical procedure. Results There were no surgical complications. Following CIT, subjective symptoms of autophony on nasal breathing improved in 9 of 11 patients (81.8%), while voice autophony improved in 8 patients (72.7%); posterior cushion curvature became inverted and less wide, and the valve was seen more closed postoperatively on simple endoscopy and slow‐motion video‐endoscopic analysis. On otoscopy, abnormal tympanic membrane excursions disappeared in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%). Mean immittance changes in tympanometric measurements for the forced respiration conditions improved postoperatively at least 0.05 mmhos in 9 of 11 patients (81.1%; P =. 015). The follow‐up period was 24 months. Conclusion CIT appears to be a promising and relatively feasible technique for the treatment of PET.

Topic: Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐(4′‐Dihydropyridyl)chromones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1907170.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Other Milk: Reinventing Soy in Republican China Jia-Chen Fu Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018 xi + 276 pp. $30.00 ISBN 978-0-295-74403-2

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Planning Models for Sustainable Water Resource Development

This paper intends to present a critical review of the planning models that can be used for sustainable water resource development. Three types of models are identified and assessed: (1) economic analysis models; (2) decision analysis models; and (3) systems analysis models. The methodology adopted in this paper is based on first describing the different types of models and then synthesizing and evaluating these models in terms of their theoretical underpinnings, applications, strengths and weaknesses. Each model is investigated with respect to its utility in addressing sustainability in water resource management. The study concludes that decision-based and system-based models may offer a wider spectrum of concepts than economic models in addressing multi-objective, multi-actor or 'wicked' problems in water management and resource sustainability.

Topic: Water resources management and optimization
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two patterns of PT-symmetry breakdown in a non-numerical six-state simulation

Three-parametric family of non-Hermitian but ${\cal PT}-$symmetric six-by-six matrix Hamiltonians $H^{(6)}(x,y,z)$ is considered. The ${\cal PT}-$symmetry remains spontaneously unbroken (i.e., the spectrum of the bound-state energies remains real so that the unitary-evolution stability of the quantum system in question is shown guaranteed) in a non-empty domain ${\cal D}^{(physical)}$ of parameters $x,y,z$. The construction of the exceptional-point (EP) boundary $\partial{\cal D}^{(physical)}$ of the physical domain is preformed using an innovative non-numerical implicit-function-construction strategy. The topology of the resulting EP boundary of the spontaneous ${\cal PT}-$symmetry breakdown (i.e., of the physical "horizon of stability") is shown similar to its much more elementary $N=4$ predecessor. Again, it is shown to consist of two components, viz., of the region of the quantum phase transitions of the first kind (during which at least some of the energies become complex) and of the quantum phase transitions of the second kind (during which some of the level pairs only cross but remain real).

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Substantiating the YOLO11 architecture for determining the fractional composition of winter wheat grain mixtures

This study’s object is the process of determining the fractional composition of winter wheat grain mixtures using computer vision and deep learning methods. The basic task that needs to be solved is the high complexity, subjectivity, and speed of determining the fractional composition of grain by conventional methods. The results obtained demonstrate the successful training and comparative analysis of several YOLO11-seg instance segmentation models on a specialized dataset deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin platform. In particular, the YOLO11m-seg model with an image size of 640 × 640 pixels achieved the optimal compromise between accuracy and speed, achieving a Mask mAP50-95 index of 0.558 at an output speed of 62.5 ms/image. Training the YOLO11n-seg 1280 × 1280 model provided the best average segmentation accuracy (Mask mAP50-95 0.640) by increasing the performance of identifying objects of "complex" classes, which are key for accurate determination of the fractional composition. The results have made it possible to solve the problem under consideration through the empirically justified choice of architecture. Unlike hypothetical approaches, the study provides specific quantitative data on the performance of different YOLO11-seg architectures. That allowed for a reasonable selection of the model that best meets the requirements for accuracy and speed for practical deployment, solving the problem of uncertainty in the choice of architecture. The findings create the basis for automating grain quality control, increasing its efficiency, objectivity, and also significantly reducing labor intensity by automating routine operations. For practical use of the system, it is necessary to ensure stable lighting conditions, as well as the presence of a digital camera, a computer, and appropriate software

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Healthcare workers’ perspectives on mandatory influenza vaccination: a scoping review

<i>Background</i>: Vaccination is efficacious at preventing influenza disease transmission, morbidity and mortality. Benefits of influenza vaccination for healthcare workers (HCW) are emphasized, yet vaccine uptake among HCW remains suboptimal. Mandatory vaccination programs may increase influenza vaccine uptake, however, attitudes and beliefs of HCW towards these mandates are not well known.<i>Aims</i>: This scoping review examined the attitudes and beliefs of HCW to ascertain the barriers and enablers to the implementation and acceptance of mandatory vaccination programs in healthcare settings.<i>Design</i>: Scoping review, guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.<i>Methods</i>: Literature published between 2019 and 2023 was reviewed from five electronic databases, between June and October 2023.<i>Data sources</i>: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies were obtained. Studies were limited to full-text English articles, published within peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. Data were extracted by both authors and documented using a modified version of the JBI's scoping review data extraction instrument, and analyzed thematically.<i>Results</i>: The original search yielded 319 articles. Forty-two articles were screened, with 10 studies included. Most HCW had negative views towards mandatory influenza vaccination, influenced by geographical location, age and discipline. The protection of patients and affordability/accessibility of vaccination were described as enablers to the acceptance of mandatory measures. The belief that mandatory vaccination was a violation of autonomy and misconceptions concerning influenza transmission, vaccine mechanism of action, side effects and effectiveness, were described as common barriers.<i>Conclusions</i>: Health services must carefully consider the context in which mandatory vaccination programs are implemented and employ strategies that incorporate education and promote vaccine accessibility, affordability and HCW autonomy. The quality of evidence retrieved was moderate to poor, with high heterogeneity between studies. Minimal Australian research was evident, limiting the generalisability of findings. These results should be interpreted with caution and further high-quality research is recommended.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Physics Competitions for Learners of Primary Schools in Slovenia

We are going to present our experiences with physics competitions for young learners in&#13;\nSlovene primary schools. We will describe our 3-level organizational format of&#13;\ncompetitions. At the last, national level, competitors have to solve theoretical and&#13;\nexperimental problems. We will give reasons for having and keeping the experimental part&#13;\nat the last level; we will show examples of results and comment achievements of learners at&#13;\nexperimental vs. theoretical part and show also frequency of physics topics, having a role in&#13;\nexperimental problems in competition. An example of experimental problem at competition&#13;\nwill be given.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure 7 from Characterization of a c-Rel Inhibitor That Mediates Anticancer Properties in Hematologic Malignancies by Blocking NF-κB–Controlled Oxidative Stress Responses

&lt;p&gt;Effects of IT-901 on lymphocyte subsets in the spleen.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Rral-life data of telaprevir-based triple-therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C GT1 in Germany - an interim analysis

Background/aims: Telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy in patients (pts) with chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) in daily practice in Germany is investigated in this non-interventional study to evaluate the implementation of futility rules, response-guided therapy, safety and efficiency.

Topic: Hepatitis C virus research
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences