jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Occurring in Cretinism and in Juvenile and Adult Myxedema

THE IDEA prevails that pregnancy does not occur in women with cretinism or myxedema before thyroid therapy. The reports in the literature, on the other hand, agree that pregnancy can occur but that it is extremely rare. Rolleston (1) was not certain that cretins could become pregnant until after thyroid medication and thought that pregnancy in myxedema without treatment was rare. Goldzieher (2) said that myxedematous women can become pregnant, but that it is exceptional. Herrgott (3) was of the opinion that pregnancy occurred only in the attenuated forms of myxedema. We have been able to find in the literature reports of only 7 cases of adult myxedema and 3 cases of cretinism or juvenile myxedema in which pregnancy occurred before thyroid medication. During the past 12 years we have observed 3 cases of adult myxedema, 2 of juvenile myxedema and 1 of cretinism in which pregnancy occurred after the onset of the disease and before thyroid therapy.

Topic: Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The political geography of migration in Turkey: university students' perception of Afghan and Syrian migrants

The phenomenon of [international] migration, which is defined as the spatial expression of the processes of control and conflict over power and parts of geographical space, has become a means of marginalization. Human mobility, which increases especially in different regions due to political and geographical developments such as war, terrorism, and climate change, leads to multidimensional opportunities and problems both in the source geography of migration and in the countries where migration takes place. At this point, Turkey has become the center of migration flows occurring in different geographies due to its geopolitical position. It has also become a country where problems arising from migration have increased in sociopolitical, cultural, and economic terms. In this context, this study aims to analyze local and international students' perception of the marginalization of Afghan and Syrian migrants in the relationship of political geography and migration. In the study, which is based on the quantitative research method, a total of 335 students, 217 Turkish citizens and 118 foreign nationals, from 16 different cities of Turkey, were included using non-random sampling. The survey data obtained from local and international students, using the scale of immigrant perception, were analyzed using SPSS software. The research revealed a significant difference in the perceptions between local participants and international students towards Afghan and Syrian immigrants. At this point, it was determined in the study that local participants came to the fore with the negative dimensions of marginalization (danger and social exclusion), while international students with the positive dimensions (humanism and social inclusion). In addition, there was a significant difference between local and international participants in t-test averages.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biodegradation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 in liquid and soil enviroments

Abstract The bactrial strain Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 can degrade 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and transform it into 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP). This is a unique degradation pathway of TCP but incomplete. In the present study, strain DT-1 could degrade 2-HP at a high concentration 500 mg/L and use it as sole carbon source for growth. Three metabolites (nicotine blue, maleamic acid and fumaric acid) were detected in the medium and the complete degradation pathway of TCP was derived. Inoculation of TCP-contaminated soils with strain DT-1 resulted in a degradation rate 94.4% and 86.7% as compared to 20.4% and 28.4% in uninoculated soils, respectively. Fluorescent marker gene gfp was introduced into strain DT-1 and a new strain DT-1- gfp was created, viability test showed the strain could survive well in soils for more than 35 d. This finding suggests that strain DT-1 has potential for use in bioremediation of TCP-contaminated environments.

Topic: Chromium effects and bioremediation
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Petra Great Temple

The capital of the Nabataean kingdom was the city of Petra. In the heart of Petra lay the Great Temple, an enormous complex for worship and community gatherings. Given its prominent location in the center of Petra’s main valley, the Great Temple was the dominant building in the city’s skyline. While the use of the Great Temple remains at the center of on-going debate, the various phases of building show the its integration with the cultural and political development of the city and her people from the height of independent Nabataea to its annexation by Rome. Theories about the Great Temple range from a purely religious center for worship to the palace for the king, as well as many combination of the two options. Archaeological excavations have added more questions than they have answered, but destruction and rebuilding layers have shown that the Great Temple was in use for over 400 years. Given that Nabataea was highly dependent on foreigners for trade and the kingdom’s economic prosperity, it stands to reason that the Great Temple played at least a moderate role in the bureaucratic regulation of the state and its markets. Located directly next to the Pool/Garden complex or “lower” market area, as well as the “middle” and “upper” markets, the Great Temple was uniquely positioned to provide structure and support to the activities taking place in the center of the city. This is not to say that it did not have a religious function as well. In many polytheistic societies, religious practice is intertwined with daily political and economic decisions. As such, the worship of Dushara, the Nabataean high god, was linked to the Propylaeum and the burning of incense and prayer would have been clearly visible to visitor and passerby. However, “Nabataean religion” included many practices were scattered across the city to various sacred areas. Triclinia, both public and private, indicate feasting on small and larger scales. Sacrifices were particularly conducted in the sacred high places in the mountains around Petra. The Propylaeum areas for worship, then, may indicate that the Great Temple was a space for the king, as Dushara is a patron deity of the monarchy of Nabataea.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The untapped potential of sustainable domestic tourism in Iran

The majority of tourism literature focuses on international tourism; however, domestic tourism for specific destinations, such as Iran, can contribute to job creation, heritage protection, regional integration, and cross-cultural understanding. The market for domestic tourism in Iran has been downplayed and its true value has been underutilized. This study assumes that the present apathy towards tourism is reinforced by the public sector’s lack of decisive governance towards the tourism industry where the public sector “can best act to mediate contemporary tourism-related social, economic, political and environmental policy problems” (Hall, 2011, p. 439). Drawing on “culture-ideology of consumerism” and “ecological economics” theories, study revealed that critiques of international mass tourism have convincing argument that domestic tourism is a domestic investment with a sustainable agenda.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of Lactoferrin gene and its association with reproductive parameters and uterine infection in dairy cattle.

Uterine infection is one of the reproductive diseases that can have disturbing postpartum uterine health in cattle. Therefore, identification of resistant genotypes to uterine infection is important. Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the major antimicrobial compounds in the normal uterine discharges of cows. We hypothesized that allelic diversity in LF gene may contribute to susceptibility or resistance to uterine infection. We investigated the single nucleotide polymorphism genes identified in the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR, position +32) of the LF gene using Allele-specific PCR method in cows with and without uterine infection. Blood samples were collected from 89 multiparous Holstein dairy cows with a history of uterine infection (n = 51), and cows without disease as the control group (n= 38). The results indicated the presence of different proportion of polymorphisms (G > C) in the 5'-UTR area of cows in the all groups. The results of Allele specific PCR was in complete agreement with sequencing method. Statistical analysis did not show any statistically significant correlation between disease and SNP in 5'-UTR. While, there was a significant difference in the mean of reproductive parameters of cows without polymorphism compare to those of with SNP in 5'-UTR. Cows with +32:CC genotype and +32:GC genotype (cows with SNP in UTR) had lower average of services per conception and days open compared to cows with the +32:GG genotypes. However, no significant difference in the calving to first service was found between these genotypes. Further studies will be required to determine critical SNPs in LF gene and status of the risk of uterine infection and embryo survival in cows.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment the Contact Toxicity of Methyl Palmitate on the Carmine Spider Mite

Our previous studies showed that methyl palmitate had the acaricidal activity to T. viennensis. However, the mechanism of action of methyl palmitate on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T.</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">viennensis</i> is unknown. Here, the toxicosis symptoms of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T.</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">viennensis</i> exposed to methyl palmitate were studied to preliminarily uncover the acaricidal mechanism of methyl palmitate. Methyl palmitate caused dose-dependent mortality of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T.</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">viennensis</i> in our studies. A moderate dose of methyl palmitate (5 mg/mL) initially elicited excite, and early oviposit without spinning. After a few hours, limb twitching was observed, and this was followed by a stage of depressed activity in about 5 hours. Subsequently, the mites developed a condition, which had the outward appearance of exosmosis on the back of the mites during the 15 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> hr, and reduced eggs production. The mites eventually died in a few hours. Some typical neurotoxin symptoms such as excitement and convulsions were observed on the mites exposed to methyl palmitate. Methyl palmitate might be a type of neurotoxin. Compared to other neurotoxic insecticide, poisoning with methyl palmitate is slow in mites. Furthermore, the effects caused at sub cellular level by methyl palmitate were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Serious damage in ultra structure was observed at a concentration of methyl palmitate (5 mg/mL). Autolysis of membranous structure was observed, especially in mitochondria, which may imply a novel action of methyl palmitate.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
LXXXII.—The variable rotatory powers of the d-α-bromocamphor-β-sulphonates

W. J. Pope and J. Read, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 800 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140500800

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Erythrocytapheresis with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Hereditary Hemochromatosis Therapy: A New Alternative

Abstract Background and Objectives : The purposes of this study were to evaluate the tolerance, efficacy and safety of isovolemic erythrocytapheresis (EA) in nonanemic patients with hereditery hemochromatosis (HH), and to assess the usefulness of recombinant human erythropoitein (rHuEPO) associated with EA to reduce treatment duration. Materials and Methods: In 10 asymptomatic patients with serum ferritin &gt;400 μ/l, transferrin satuaration &gt;50%, and GPT elevation, EA with rHuEPO and folic acid was performed. Results: Red Cell indices, serum ferritin, and other iron metabolism parameters (serum iron, transferrin, and transferrin satuaration)l; GPT and other laboratory data were considerably improved. Conclusion: This method offers better results in less time than traditional phlebotomy. EA with rHuEPO is an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with HH.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 123814: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cognitive decline

The neuropathological alterations causing an ongoing process of cognitive decline (CD) and, ultimately, producing the clinically documented state of cognitive impairment (CI) have become of heightened importance, in part for the following reasons: There is increasing awareness that certain pathological processes are hereditary, which makes a definitive diagnosis important to families and their physicians for prognostication and counselling. The increasing prevalence of CD and CI/dementia in ageing populations in many countries has resulted in its recognition as a priority for healthcare and social support systems. Clinical diagnosis does not necessarily predict the nature of the pathology, but rather indicates the neuroanatomical distribution of the pathological changes. Only histopathological and biochemical studies provide a definitive diagnosis in pathological terms. There is increased recognition that neurodegenerative diseases previously thought to be associated only with a movement disorder may lead to CD and then CI at a later point in their evolution. This is especially seen in disorders causing parkinsonism or motor neuron disease (MND). New causes of CD continue to be discovered at postmortem (PM) neuropathological examination of the nervous system, and, even for previously described disorders, modern diagnostic methods and molecular analyses enhance understanding of the pathogenesis. As novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents are developed, neuropathological diagnosis will be required to establish the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of possible interventions. This chapter will cover the classification, causes and clinical approach to the syndrome of CD and provide an overview of vascular and non-neurodegenerative conditions associated with CD. Since neurodegenerative diseases associated with the same proteinopathy can show various clinical presentations, including CD and movement disorders, neurodegenerative proteinopathies and rare neurodegenerative conditions are discussed in detail in Chapters 25–34.

Topic: Neurological diseases and metabolism
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Tricuspid regurgitation: long-term management, morbidity and mortality

Abstract Introduction The natural history of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is poorly known and its morbi-mortality has been rarely described. Objectives Several causes lead to the appearance of TR. The aim of our study was to assess the prognosis of our patients taking into account the etiology and severity of their valvulopathy. We also wanted to evaluate the income-free survival. Methods We designed a bi-centre (including a tertiary-level hospital and a secondary hospital), descriptive and retrospective study that included 745 patients with at least moderate-to-severe TR who had not had any previous cardiac surgery for this pathology. Once patients were selected, clinical characteristics (age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors) as well as associated pathology, readmissions because of heart failure and mortality were evaluated. Results 745 patiens were included in the study (70.7% women) from the year 2002 to the 2017. The age average was 72.28 years old (in a range of 16–97). The obtained frequency of primary TR (caused by an abnormality of any of the components of the TV apparatus) was 6.4%, secondary TR (due left-sided valvular and myocardial diseas, Pulmonary hypertension or increased RV afterload) was 67.6%, related to AF 19% and isolated TR 7%. After a long follow-up (global median survival 51.51 months) only 62 patients received surgical treatment. Figures 1–4 show survival curves depending on etiology. Figure 5 compares survival curves depending on sex characteristics. Conclusions TR (moderate-to-severe or more) was associated with poor outcomes from the beginning of the follow-up. This poor clinical prognosis was observed in all ethiological groups analyzed and in both genders. Survival curves Tricuspid Regurgitation Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Sociedad Andaluza de Cardiología

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Range Animal Diet Composition in Southcentral Wyoming

Because of the ongoing controversy about shrub forage value for different ungulates and significance of the shrub communities for spring-fall grazing in southcentral Wyoming, the relative importance of various forage classes was determined by fecal analyses in the spring, summer, and fall diets of pronghorn (Antilocarpa americana Ord), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus), cattle (Bos taurus), and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in the mountain brush and Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young) plant communities. Mountain big sagebrush (A.t. ssp. vaseyana Rydb. Beetle) comprised 76% of pronghorn spring diets in the mountain brush plant community, and Wyoming big sagebrush comprised 91% of the pronghorn spring diets in the Wyoming big sagebrush plant community. Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Pursh.) comprised about 80 to 90% of the pronghorn and deer summer and fill diets in the mountain brush plant community. Graminoids, primarily Bromus, Carex, Juncus, and Stipa spp., made up 80+% of elk, cattle, and sheep diets in either plant community. Forbs and shrubs other than sagebrush or bitterbrush were a minor component of either plant community and diets of any of the 5 kinds of animals. A shrub management program to maintain species diversity while increasing bitterbrush and graminoid production under common use grazing by both browsers and grazers is recommended for this area.

Topic: Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
STATISTICAL MID-LEVEL FEATURES FOR BUILDING-UP AREA EXTRACTION FROM FULL POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY

This paper addresses the problem of designing statistical features for the extraction of building-up areas (BAs) from highresolution polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery. The idea is to represent a building-up area by the distribution of its mid-level components, called intermediates, which are statistical patterns unsupervisedly learnt from PolSAR images. More precisely, by analyzing the structural properties and the polarimetric characteristics exhibited in various terrain types, we propose two kinds of midlevel features for small regions: the cluster based statistical feature (CSF) and the scattering mechanism based statistical feature (SMSF). In detail, for the CSF, the intermediates are the K-mean clusters with Wishart distance of the PolSAR images; for the SMSF, the intermediates are the scattering mechanism categories obtained by relying on a four-component decomposition with deorientation of the PolSAR images. In contrast with existing features for describing BAs, the proposed features, i.e., CSF and SMSF, capture more complex context information of BAs. We compare the proposed features with those based on the Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models, which have been proven to be suitable for BAs mapping. Experimental results on RADARSAT-2 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed features.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-T/sub c/ superconductor and its use in superconducting magnets

Many of the proposed uses for the high-T/sub c/ superconductor involve the creation of a magnetic field using superconducting coils. This report will assess what is known about the high-T/sub c/ superconductors and take a realistic look at their potential use in various kinds of superconducting magnets. Based on what is known about the high-T/sub c/ superconductors, one can make a ''wish list'' of things that will make such materials useful for magnets. Then, the following question is asked. If one had a high-T/sub c/ superconductor with the same properties as modern niobium-titanium superconductor, how would the superconductor work in a magnet environment. Finally, this report will show the potential impact of the ideal high-T/sub c/ superconductor on: 1) accelerator dipole and quadrupole magnets, 2) superconducting magnets for use in space, and 3) superconducting solenoids for magnetic resonance imaging. 78 refs., 11 tabs.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Reciprocity‐Arousing Potential of the Requester's Occupation and Helping Behavior

In a field experiment, 90 subjects were contacted by phone and asked by an experimenter to make a phone call for him notifying his employer that he would be late for work. The experimenter presented himself as a (1) physician vs. accountant (high social status occupations), (2) youthcounsellor vs. insurance salesman (medium social status occupations), or (3) fireman vs. gas‐stationattendant (low social status occupations). It was found that subjects helped more frequently requesters in occupations of high potential for reciprocityarousing behavior (e.g., a physician) than of low potential (for reciprocityarousing behavior) (e.g., an accountant), regardless of the social status of the occupations.

Topic: Psychology of Social Influence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences