jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of GPC in the Study of Stereospecific Block Copolymers

Abstract Three different techniques involved in the preparation of Stereospecific block copolymers were studied using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These techniques involved the use of a monofunctional organo-lithium catalyst, a difunctional organolithium catalyst, and a combination of a monofunctional organolithium catalyst and a coupling technique. GPC curves were obtained on the block copolymers using two different column sequences and solvents. The ABA block copolymers studied contained styrene, vinyl toluene, or α-methyl styrene as thermoplastic monomers and butadiene as the elastomeric monomer. The results obtained showed that block copolymers prepared using monomers and catalyst systems free of impurities generally exhibited single peaked GPC curves. In systems where impurities were found to be present, small amounts of A block homopolymer and AB block copolymer were formed. In such cases, the GPC curves were observed to have two or three peaks.

Topic: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reversal of Experimental Endotoxin Shock with a Combination of Aldosterone and Metaraminol

Lethal shock was established in 55 adult mongrel dogs with a standardized dose of E. coli endotoxin. The shock could not be reversed with aldosterone or metaraminol when either was used alone. However, dogs given 0.1 mg of aldosterone required approximately one-fiftieth the dose of metaraminol necessary to maintain systemic pressure, compared to the use of metaraminol alone. This action of aldosterone was about 7 times more pronounced than that obtained with hydrocortisone. The nature of the contributing effect of steroid to the pressor activity of metaraminol and to the increased survival rate is not known.

Topic: Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of the specific bradycardiac agent alinidine

Journal Article Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of the specific bradycardiac agent alinidine Get access D. W. G. HARRON, D. W. G. HARRON Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of BelfastNorthern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. SHANKS R. G. SHANKS Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of BelfastNorthern Ireland, U.K. Address for correspondence: Professor R. G. Shanks, Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL Northern Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 6, Issue 9, September 1985, Pages 722–729, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061932 Published: 01 September 1985 Article history Received: 28 June 1985 Published: 01 September 1985

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The prevalence and risk factors of abnormal circadian blood pressure in patients with IgA nephropathy

Abnormal circadian BP rhythm was common in IgAN patients and occurred in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. Low eGFR, high serum uric acid, and small vessel hyalinosis increased risk of abnormal BP rhythm in IgAN patients. .

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Positive angle kappa: a confounding variable in the diagnostic testing of patients with albinism

I enjoyed the recent study in which Hoffman et al performed static perimetry in patients with albinism.1 The goal of this study was to determine whether the abnormal crossed projection of temporal retina exhibits decreased sensitivity in humans with albinism, as has been suggested by previous studies.2 The authors found no diminution in retinal sensitivity corresponding to this retinal region, suggesting that humans with albinism maintain a continuous representation of visual space.

The purpose of this letter is not to critique this excellent study, but to provide a cautionary note about the interpretation of visual fields in …

Topic: melanin and skin pigmentation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How safe and effective is prescribing oral isotretinoin to treat acne in patients on renal dialysis? A systematic review

This review of the literature suggests that low-dose isotretinoin (10-20 mg) can safely and successfully be used to treat severe acne in patients on renal dialysis, leading to a significant improvement in their quality of life. As the current literature on this topic is scarce, more studies would be beneficial to further establish the safe use of isotretinoin in patients on renal dialysis.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Management of Higher Education in the UK

This paper explores the recent history of universities and colleges of Higher Education (HE) in the UK. Major expansion in the numbers of students has inevitably led to problems in financing both for universities and for students. This in turn has led to a search for new sources of income and a drive to cut unit costs. Higher education is of growing importance to the national economy, both as a means of providing skilled labour and as an invisible export. Government has become increasingly involved in shaping both the profile of HE and the way in which it is managed.

Topic: Higher Education Governance and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Binding of ATP to Brain Glutamate Decarboxylase as Studied by Affinity Chromatography

Abstract: The interactions of two forms of porcine brain glutamate decarboxylase (β‐GAD and γ‐GAD) with the effector ATP were studied by affinity chromatography. A third form, γk‐GAD, was only slightly retarded by the affinity matrix and was eluted in the buffer wash. The interaction of GAD with the ATP affinity matrix was qualitatively similar to its interaction with free ATP as reported in previous kinetic studies. The rank order of adenine nucleotides as eluting agents and affinity ligands was ATP &gt; ADP &gt; AMP. GAD was also eluted by its cofactor, pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, and this was enhanced by 1 mM P i In contrast, a high concentration (140 mM) of P i by itself was required to elute the enzyme. GAD remained active while bound to the affinity column and was eluted in the holoenzyme form by ATP, indicating that the affinity ligand did not bind in the active site and did not displace catalytically active cofactor from the enzyme.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Public Sector Innovation Ecosystems: A Proposition for Theoretical-Conceptual Integration

Based on a literature review, the article proposes a theoretical articulation integrating the innovation subfields of service innovation, social innovation, and public sector innovation. The results revealed a theoretical-methodological research gap regarding the system that mobilizes a set of dimensions for collaborative creation of innovations that generate public value for society, which was conceptualized as public sector innovation ecosystem. Nevertheless, an ecosystem analytical matrix framework was proposed through seven dimensions: ecosystem actors; nature or role of the actor in the ecosystem; competences and preferences of the multiple actors; operations, functions and technologies related to services; nature of innovation; and, public value creation. This research provides an opportunity to advance the knowledge about public innovation and subsidizing innovative policies and managerial practice.

Topic: Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
“You Don’t Fit in Here”: Navigating Relatives’ Visits During Study Abroad

Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) is long established as a major motive for travel. While VFR has received significant scholarly attention especially in the marketing and tourism literature, its implications on study abroad students’ experiences are understudied. This study, based on a longitudinal digital ethnography of seven Australian university students learning French in France or Switzerland, reveals that visits from participants’ relatives had significant impacts on their study abroad experience and their identity transition to adulthood. Findings indicate that, first, to different extents, the presence of the relatives in participants’ host environment caused disturbances in their daily routine and recently acquired independence highlighting participants’ ongoing transition to adulthood. Second, reintegration into their family dynamic resulted in two opposing consequences: while some participants had to readjust to being a child, which impeded their transition to adulthood, others were placed in a position of power within the family due to their greater knowledge and experience of the target language and the host environment. Last, visits forced participants to anticipate their return to their family home resulting in increasing stress and apprehension.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Freshwater fishes of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus: a preliminary checklist

The fish fauna was surveyed in Sungai Buloh and Sungai Lachang which flow through the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Jeli Campus area. Both rivers are tributaries of the Sungai Golok drainage, which runs through Kelantan state and serves as a major border between Malaysia and Thailand. The objectives of this study were to document fish species checklist distribution within Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus and accessed the status of freshwater fishes, according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The fish sampling was conducted in February and May 2022 in two sampling point inside UMK Jeli Campus area. During the survey period, 40 native species from 18 different families were identified and documented. Family Cyprinidae recorded the highest number of total species with 25% of total species followed by family Danionidae, 10% and family Balitoridae, 10%. The introduced species, Oreochromis niloticus, was not observed during the survey, despite the fact that the species is commonly used for aquaculture activities on campus. Keywords: Fish, fauna, river, freshwater, checklist

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Novel 4.25kb Deletion in PAX6 in A Chinese Han Family with Congenital Aniridia Combined with Cataract and Nystagmus

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to identify the genetic defect in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus. Methods: Complete ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilatedindirect ophthalmoscopy, anterior segment photography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. Blood samples were collected from all family members and genomic DNA was extracted. Genome sequencing was performed in all family members and Sanger sequencing was used to verify variant breakpoints. Results: All the thirteen members in this Chinese family, including seven patients and six normal people, were recruited in this study. The ophthalmic examination of affected patients in this family was consistent with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus. A novel heterozygous deletion (NC_000011.10:g.31802307_31806556del) containing the 5’ region of PAX6 gene was detected that segregated with the disease. Conclusion: We detected a novel deletion in PAX6 responsible for congenital aniridia in the affected individuals of this Chinese family. The novel 4.25kb deletion in PAX6 gene of our study would further broaden the genetic defects of PAX6 associated with congenital aniridia.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The reasons and aims for listening to music while going to sleep: results from an ESM study

Current trends in music research are emphasising the importance of contextual factors in the use and effects of listening to music, such as mood, situation, and emotional goals. This undoubtedly has implications for the use of music in therapeutic settings, such as helping with problems going to sleep. Using data previously collected in experience sampling studies, we conducted an exploratory investigation on the choices and reasons why people listen to music to go to sleep with accounts reported in real-life situations at night when participants were going to bed. We found that listeners mainly used music for relaxation, which corresponded with increased valence, varying arousal changes, and relatively intensive and energetic music choices. This novel perspective echoes some previously reported discrepancies in what listeners use and what researchers or commercial applications typically prescribe as music for sleep. The data add granular information on emotional aims and development in context, and particularly highlight the relevance of valence. This initial exploration demonstrates the strong potential for this methodology to study sleep and listening behaviours. One particular avenue for future research is to investigate night-to-night variations in individual experiences.

Topic: Music Therapy and Health
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
First-line gemcitabine versus treatment of physician’s choice in patients with metastatic and stage IV breast cancer: A prospective cohort study.

e12013 Background: Treatment for metastatic and stage IV breast cancer demands both improving or maintaining quality of life and prolongation of life. Gemcitabine is one of the recommended cytotoxic agents with extremely well tolerance. This study is designed to clarify efficacy of gemcitabine evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by comparing with treatment of physician’s choice. Methods: This study was prospective cohort study. Patients with metastatic and stage IV breast cancer were registered and administered gemcitabine or treatment of physician’s choice for first-line chemotherapy. HRQoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire. Primary endpoints were time to treatment failure (TTF) and FACT-B total score. Outcome measures included severe toxicity (grade 3 evaluated with Common Toxicity Criteria by National Cancer Institute version 3.0). Patients completed FACT-B at the screening visit every 4 weeks. Results: From June 2010 to January 2014, 100 patients were registered from 9 hospitals and 98 patients were eligible. The trial was accrued already and 13 patients continued to be treated. This is an interim analysis of 96 patients. 49 patients were gemcitabine group (GEM) and 47 were treatment of physician’s choice group (TPC). Median age was 62 years (30-79) in GEM and 60 years (31-77) in TPC. 42 (85.7%) in GEM and 34 (70.8%) in TPC had ER-positive disease. Two (4.1%) of GEM and 8 (16.7%) in TPC had Her2-positive disease. Median of TTF was 5.3 months in GEM and 4.6 months in TPC. TTF demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.670). Mean QoL scores in GEM were 97.0 at baseline and 94.9, 97.8 and 96.7 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd questionnaires. The scores in TPC were 92.4 at baseline and 93.2, 89.1 and 90.3 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd. Grade 3 hematotoxicity was observed in 7 (16.7%) of GEM and 4 (9.3%) of TPC (p=0.31). Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity was observed 2 (4.1%) in GEM and 4 (8.5%) in TPC (p=0.37). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in TTF and HRQoL scores between two groups. This is an interim report and we will present further analysis at the meeting. Clinical trial information: 000013002.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Earth Walls

\nReinforced earth has been applied for different types of load supporting and retaining structures in more confidence throughout the world. In this study, the finite element method is implemented and used to analyze reinforced earth walls. The computer program SIGMA/W is used in the analysis of plane strain problems. Eight node isoparametric elements are used to model the soil while structural elements having nodes that match with the surrounding elements, are used to model the reinforcement material. A parametric study is carried out to investigatethe effect of different parameters on the general behaviour of reinforced earth walls. These parameters include: the height of the wall (H), length of reinforcement (L) and external loads (static and cyclic). Three different heights were tried (3, 5, 7) m and three value of load (q) were used (5, 20, 50) kN/m². It was found that the wall with a small height (3 m) tends to translate and overturn about its foundation to the out, while the walls with greater heights (5m), translate to the out, and the horizontal displacement increases with depth. \n

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fostering structurally transformative teacher agency through science professional development

This study draws on data from a 10-month critical narrative inquiry of science teaching and learning in a third grade, dual language, integrated co-teaching classroom. The teachers were participants in a 14-week science professional development seminar that enrolled inservice and preservice teachers and focused on enhancing science teaching and learning in the classroom while drawing on the unique resources of the city. Data for the study include classroom audiotape, student work samples, audiotape of teacher planning meetings, semi-structured interviews, and a team portfolio. Data were analyzed using constant comparative methods. The findings illustrate a dialectical relationship between agency and structure and show a transition from more structurally reproductive toward more structurally transformative teacher agency over time. The emphasis on literacy in the school, the dual language program, and teachers' lack of science content knowledge tended to promote structurally reproductive agency, whereas the teachers' participation in a science professional development program and the unique context of a museum climate change exhibit fostered more structurally transformative teacher agency. Student agency was greatest when teachers engaged in more structurally transformative forms of agency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 52: 545–559, 2015

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Symptomatic spinal arachnoid cyst with spastic diplegia secondary to cerebral palsy: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) can improve the spastic gait of carefully selected patients with cerebral palsy. Spinal arachnoid cysts are a rare pathology that can also cause spastic gait secondary to spinal cord compression. OBSERVATIONS The authors present an interesting case of a child with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia. He was evaluated by a multidisciplinary team and determined to be a good candidate for SDR. Preoperative evaluation included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, which identified an arachnoid cyst causing spinal cord compression. The cyst was surgically fenestrated, which provided some gait improvement. After recovering from cyst fenestration surgery, the patient underwent SDR providing further gait improvement. LESSONS SDR can be beneficial for some patients with spastic diplegia. Most guidelines do not include spinal MRI in the preoperative evaluation for SDR. However, spinal MRI can be beneficial for surgical planning by localizing the level of the conus. It may also identify additional spinal pathology that is contributing to the patient’s spasticity. In rare cases, such as this one, patients may benefit from staged surgery to address structural causes of spastic gait prior to proceeding with SDR.

Topic: Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Humanitarian culture as a phenomenon of spirituality

The substance of spiritual culture and humanitarian culture &#x0D; and interrelations between these phenomena are analyzed. The levels, &#x0D; functions and important attributes which differentiate humanitarian culture &#x0D; and natural science culture are described. The author also highlights &#x0D; the main characteristics of the Russian humanitarian culture, such as &#x0D; cosmocentrism, integrity and «sobornost», the prevalence of moral and &#x0D; spiritual regulators over the law restrictions and ontological realism. &#x0D; The humanitarian culture influences the whole system of education and &#x0D; determines the main body of the liberal education. The liberal education &#x0D; not only reveals the reasons of human existence, but also provides the &#x0D; techniques for resolving conflicts. Moral and psychological conflicts are &#x0D; treated as forms, in which objective contradictions intrinsic to moral &#x0D; progress of society are manifested.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences