jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SHATKARMA ON BODY WEIGHT IN THE PATIENTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

India leads the world today with the largest number of diabetics in any given country. In the 1970s, the prevalence of diabetes among urban Indians was reported to be 2.1%, and this has now risen to 12.1%. According to the Health Organization (WHO) projections, the present 30 million to 33 million diabetics in India will go up to 74 million by 2025. The WHO has issued a warning that India will be the Diabetes Capital of The World (Bacic, et al., 1988). Obesity is very common in T2DM (80% or more are obese) (Longe et al., 2012). Present study is aimed at finding out the effects of practice of Shatkarma (Laghu Shankh Prakshalan and Agnisar), a highly reputed Yogic exercise on body weight in the patients of diabetes mellitus. The result revealed that post-experiment body weight was higher than that of pre-experiment.

Topic: Dietary Effects on Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DMCVR: Morphology-Guided Diffusion Model for 3D Cardiac Volume Reconstruction

Accurate 3D cardiac reconstruction from cine magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is crucial for improved cardiovascular disease diagnosis and understanding of the heart's motion. However, current cardiac MRI-based reconstruction technology used in clinical settings is 2D with limited through-plane resolution, resulting in low-quality reconstructed cardiac volumes. To better reconstruct 3D cardiac volumes from sparse 2D image stacks, we propose a morphology-guided diffusion model for 3D cardiac volume reconstruction, DMCVR, that synthesizes high-resolution 2D images and corresponding 3D reconstructed volumes. Our method outperforms previous approaches by conditioning the cardiac morphology on the generative model, eliminating the time-consuming iterative optimization process of the latent code, and improving generation quality. The learned latent spaces provide global semantics, local cardiac morphology and details of each 2D cMRI slice with highly interpretable value to reconstruct 3D cardiac shape. Our experiments show that DMCVR is highly effective in several aspects, such as 2D generation and 3D reconstruction performance. With DMCVR, we can produce high-resolution 3D cardiac MRI reconstructions, surpassing current techniques. Our proposed framework has great potential for improving the accuracy of cardiac disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Code can be accessed at https://github.com/hexiaoxiao-cs/DMCVR.

Topic: Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of hypoxic preconditioning on myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and ATP content in acute hypoxic rats

AIM:To observe the effects of the hypoxic preconditioning on myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and ATP content in acute hypoxic rats. METHODS:Rats were divided into 3 groups:normoxic group (control), acute hypoxic group, preconditioing hypoxic group. The myocardial ATP content and mitochondrial respiratory function were measured. Mitochondrial membrane fluidity was assayed with fluorescence polariative method. RESULTS:After administrating hypoxic preconditioning, ATP content in myocardial tissue was enhanced from(31.89±2.42) mg -1 ·g -1 to (60.55±3.52) mg -1 ·g -1 ( P 0.01); mitochondrial respiratory control rate (RCR) was increased from 1.84±0.58 to 4.55±0.32( P 0.01);mitochondrial membrane fluidity was enhanced ( P 0.05); F 0F 1-ATP ase activity and Na +-K +-ATPase activity were increased 66% and 25% respectively. CONCLUSION:Hypoxic preconditioning efficiently improved the myocardial mitochondrial enerygy metabolism possibly through enhancing mitochondrial membrane fluidity and mitochondrial respiratory function.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Hybrid Dynamical Evolutionary Algorithm for Classification Rule Discovery

This paper studies hybrid dynamical evolutionary algorithm in the context of classification rule discovery. Nature inspired search algorithms such as genetic algorithms, Ant colonies and particle swarm optimization have been previously studied on data mining tasks, in particular, classification rule discovery. We extended this work by applying a hybrid algorithm which combines dynamical evolutionary algorithm and hill climbers and PSO, in same type of classification tasks. Our research focused on studying the hybrid algorithm of performance enhancements in classification rule discovery tasks. In this paper, we developed a hybrid algorithm based classifier and implemented different variations of it in Java. The algorithm has been benchmarked against the well-known decision tree induction algorithm C4.5. Results have been compared in terms of prediction accuracy,speed and comprehensibility. Our results showed that,the hybrid dynamical evolutionary algorithm based classifiers can compete with C4.5 in terms of prediction accuracy on certain data sets and outperform C4.5 in general in terms of comprehensibility. We also showed that hybrid algorithm could bring improvements in terms of execution speed in comparison to plain heuristic based classifiers.

Topic: Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning Control of Production Systems

One of the central problems in Artificial Intelligence is that of designing appropriate and efficient mechanisms for representing and learning real-world knowledge. We show that it is feasible to infer the control information from an analysis of traces of the successful executions of the production system program provided by a human trainer, thereby creating a system capable of improving its performance by experience.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessments of methanolic extract of Catharanthus Roseus leaves for in vitro phytochemical analysis

Plant and plant products have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. India has a rich and diverse flora of flowering medicinal plants. The leaves of the Catharanthus roseus were widely used as herbal remedy in various ailments. In this context the present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical properties of Catharanthus roseus grown in Jharkhand. The methanolic extract of the leaves of the plant has undergone tests for phenol, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoid and alkaloids, that produce positive results. Further investigation of phytochemical estimation found highest concentration of phenol (104 mg of GAE/g) in methanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus where flavonoid (46 mg of QE/g), tannin (10 mg of GAE/g), alkaloid (6 mg/g) and saponins (3.5 mg/g in dry plant sample) were found to be in good quantity.

Topic: Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Next-generation mapping: a novel approach for detection of pathogenic structural variants with a potential utility in clinical diagnosis

Primers used for qPCR validations of structural variants. List of primer sequences and corresponding annealing temperatures. Upper case letters indicate that the primer sequence is within the exon. (PDF 40 kb)

Topic: Genomics and Rare Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Thermophysical properties on biological tissue.

最近の医療技術には、 生体の熱現象を利用する方法が増えているため、 生体組織内の伝熱の様子を明らかにする必要が高まっている。 そのため、 信頼性の高い生体組織の熱物性値の測定方法が開発され、 さらに生体組織の微視的構築が明らかになるとともに、 組織内の伝熱のメカニズムも次第に明確になって来た。 本稿では、 熱物性を中心とした生体組織内の伝熱の研究の進展について概観する。

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
USDA forest service–NASA: unmanned aerial systems demonstrations – pushing the leading edge in fire mapping

A collaborative partnership between NASA and the US Forest Service has been used to facilitate and demonstrate evolved and evolving technologies for increasing the information content and timeliness of thermal image data collected for wildfires. The outcomes of this collaborative effort are creation of improved tools for Wildfire Decision Support Systems within the US Forest Service and the other fire mitigation and management agencies. The focus of this article will be onrecent work using unmanned airborne systems as a sensor platform.

Topic: Fire effects on ecosystems
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The International Law of Belligerent Occupation

Belligerent occupations existed in both World Wars and have occurred more recently in all parts of the world (including Iraq, Afghanistan, the former Yugoslavia, Congo, Northern Cyprus, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Eritrea and Ethiopia). Owing to its special length – exceeding half a century and still in progress – and the unprecedented flow of judicial decisions, a special focus is called for as regards to the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. International law addresses the subject of belligerent occupation in some detail. This second, revised edition updates the text (originally published in 2009) in terms of both State practice and doctrinal discourse. The emphasis is put on decisions of the Security Council; legislation adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq; and predominantly case law: international (Judgments of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the European Court of Human Rights; Advisory Opinions and Arbitral Awards) as well as domestic courts.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Recurrent retinal vascular obstructions in Behqet's syndrome

A 26-year-old man with a recurrent cerebellar medulloblastoma developed periodic alternating nystagmus. During radiation treatment, a bilateral voluntary horizontal gaze paresis appeared, and the periodic alternating nystagmus was replaced by periodic alternating gaze. Several days later, full eye movements returned, as did the periodic alternating nystagmus which had an identical periodicity to the periodic alternating gaze. The underlying pathophysiology of periodic alternating nystagmus and periodic alternating gaze is discussed.

Topic: Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of whole cell biosensors mediated by bacteria chemoreceptors (614.5)

Whole cell biosensors are part of an emerging strategy to build new tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The goal is to re‐engineer bacterial cells to respond to environmental cues or chemicals. Whole cell biosensors typically express a sensor protein targeting the ligand of interest that is coupled with a genetic regulatory system to produce a measureable signal by the host cell. We have adapted an AraC‐based transcriptional reporter assay to create a new whole cell biosensor that may be used for the creation of new sensor proteins. In our bio‐reporter system, Trg is translationally‐fused to AraC such that dimerization of the Trg‐AraC results in expression of the reporter gene. The presence of analyte will be detected in the periplasm of the cell by inclusion of an engineered periplasmic binding protein (PBP) specific for this molecule. The bound protein then interacts with Trg causing a conformational change. This dimerization of the Trg‐AraC fusion in the cytoplasm will then switch on gene expression of the reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP). This mechanism reports dose‐response fluorescence detection in the presence of the analyte. Ultimately this bio‐reporter system will allow us to design new PBPs with selectivity for specific chemical entities and for construction of a genetic switch inside bacterial cells that precisely reports the presence of the analyte using a fluorescence reporter system.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
REPORT OF THE PARASITOID WASP, OOMYZUS SOKOLOWSKII (HYM.: EULOPHIDAE), FROM IRAN

One species of Eulophidae, Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), was collected from larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae). This parasitoid is a major gregarious larval-pupal endoparasitoid of P. xylostella that prefers ovipositing into host larvae but depositing its eggs in host prepupae too. This is the first report of the occurrence of this species from Iran.

Topic: Research on scale insects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
European Labor Migration: Consequences for the Countries of Worker Origin

An attempt is made to critically reappraise the overall relationship between labor emigration and the economic, sociocultural, and political systems of the countries of worker origin along which emigration operates simultaneously as both a dependent and an independent variable. The emigration policy dilemmas facing sending countries have their roots in the international economic system's structural realities, as understood through the related paradigms of center/periphery and uneven development. The development gap between labor receivers and suppliers has under conditions of substantial and almost uninterrupted growth on the part of the receivers aggravated the advanced European industrial powers' structural labor shortages and exaggerated their need for large continents of foreign labor, thus literally premising their continuous growth on the constant supply of such labor. Yet, at the same time, the less developed countries (LDCs) in the European periphery were asked to play the role of industrial satellites to the industrial metropolis, a task which was most welcome in the developing countries' expansive mode of the late 1950s and early 1960s. This situation encouraged the creation of an atmosphere of negligence in the capitals of the sending countries which facilitated the gradual internationalization of labor. The reliance on foreign labor has failed to solve those serious structural economic deficiencies of labor receivers that it was purported to correct, and, in fact, may have aggravated them. Additionally, the automatic control mechanisms which has been relied upon to regulate the migrant inflow are proving very unreliable. Labor emigration has usually been posited as the vehicle for the effective mitigation of several acute structural economic problems of labor exporters, while the twin vehicles of remittances and return of trained workers offer the LDCs an opportunity to effect their own economic transformation. The expectation that returning emigrants will have acquired the occupational skills to effect the socioeconomic metamorphosis of their countries has been little more than a myth.

Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cathepsin L mediates intracellular ileal digestion of gastric intrinsic factor

Although acidic proteases of lysosomal origin are implicated in the degradation of intrinsic factor (IF) during cobalamin (cbl) transport across enterocytes and proximal renal tubule cell lines, the enzyme(s) involved in this process is not known. Recombinant (baculovirus-produced) rat 125I-labeled IF (125I-rIF), 43 kDa, added in vivo to the lumen of rat ileum was converted intracellularly to peptides of 33 and 26 kDa. In vitro rat 125I-rIF was degraded to peptides of 33 and 31 kDa by addition of cathepsin L; this conversion was fully inhibited by leupeptin. Western blot analysis using antiserum against denatured native rat IF identified additional cathepsin L degradation products in the 17- to 23-kDa range. In vitro the binding of cobalamin partially inhibited cathepsin L degradation of IF. Rat rIF produced from either insect (Sf9) or mammalian (CHO) cells and native rat IF were all degraded by cathepsin L, although the prominence of the various products differed in the recombinant preparations, being 33 and 36 kDa, respectively. Native rat IF was most sensitive to proteolysis, and no degradation products were identified. Rat 125I-rIF was taken up by LLC-PK1 cells, and 125I from degraded IF appeared abundantly on the basolateral side of cell monolayers by 1 h. The intracellular products of rat rIF in LLC-PK1 cells were the same size as those produced in vitro by the action of cathepsin L. Antiserum against a human kidney cDNA cathepsin L fusion protein easily demonstrated the protease in rat intestinal mucosa, as well as in all other tissues tested. These data suggest that cathepsin L is the protease responsible for the leupeptin-sensitive intracellular degradation of IF.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clinical and laboratory indices of severe renal lesions in children with febrile urinary tract infection

Abstract Aim To evaluate the predictive value of various clinical and laboratory parameters on the identification of acute extensive and/or multifocal renal involvement in children with febrile urinary tract infections ( UTI ). Methods The medical records of 148 children (median age: 2.4 months, range: 11 days–24 months), who were admitted during a 3‐year period with a first episode of febrile UTI , were analysed. Acute dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA), clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Results Seventy six children (51%) had abnormal findings on the acute DMSA. Of them, 20 had DMSA grade 2, while 56 had grade 3 and 4. Patients with a DMSA grade 3 and 4 were more likely to have shivering (OR 3.4), white blood count (WBC) ≥ 18 000/ μ L (OR 2.4), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 9300/ μ L (OR 4.4), C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 50 mg/L (OR 2.7) and procalcitonin (PCT) ≥ 1.64 ng/mL (OR diagnostic). There was a significant difference of WBC (p = 0.004), ANC, CRP and PCT levels (p &lt; 0.001) between children with normal and grade 2 aDMSA versus those with aDMSA grade 3 and 4. Conclusions Shivering and elevated inflammatory markers increase the risk of acute extensive and/or multifocal kidney involvement in children with febrile UTI . Procalcitonin seems to be an excellent marker of the severity of acute parenchymal involvement.

Topic: Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What is in a name? Scientific name changes of potentially poisonous plants and fungi in South Africa

Changes over the past five decades in the scientific names of some potentially poisonous plants and toxigenic fungi in South Africa are briefly reviewed. Some of the reasons why taxonomists change names are highlighted. In recent years, DNA sequencing data have contributed considerably towards establishing phylogenetic relationships among plants, often resulting in changes in generic circumscription and, consequently, the names of species. Philosophical differences between the phylogenetic and the evolutionary schools of plant classification are briefly explained as these may manifest as different classifications for the same group of plants. Although choice of classification remains the prerogative of the end-user of plant names, in this review, the classifications for plants currently adopted by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in its online database, Plants of Southern Africa (POSA), were followed. Noteworthy generic changes include <i>Pachystigma</i> to <i>Vangueria, Homeria</i> to <i>Moraea</i>, and <i>Urginia</i> to <i>Drimia</i>. Following much controversy, the species native to southern Africa that were formerly treated as <i>Acacia</i> are now classified in either <i>Vachellia</i> or <i>Senegalia</i>, with the genus name <i>Acacia</i> being retained for the mainly Australian members of the group, the latter commonly known as wattles. Former southern African members of Acacia implicated in poisoning include <i>Vachellia erioloba</i>(camel thorn), <i>Vachellia sieberiana</i> var. <i>woodii</i> (paperbark thorn), and <i>Senegalia caffra</i> (common hook thorn).

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The mechanism of adenosine release from hypoxic rat liver cells

Uptake of [ 14 C]‐adenosine into freshly dispersed rat hepatocytes was inhibited 44% by dipyridamole (50 μM) and 60% by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI, 20 μM). The results are consistent with the known ability of these drugs to inhibit adenosine transport in other cell types. The nucleotide analogue, α,β‐methylene adenosine diphosphate (AOPCP, 50 μM), inhibited by 84% the degradation of exogenous 5′ AMP that occurred rapidly when this substrate alone was presented to isolated hepatocytes. This confirms the ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase inhibitory properties of this analogue in isolated hepatocytes. During hypoxic incubation, isolated hepatocytes released adenosine, which accumulated in the extracellular volume. Dipyridamole and NBTI each markedly attenuated this extracellular adenosine accumulation. In contrast, AOPCP had no inhibitory effect on net hypoxic adenosine release. It is concluded that hypoxic rat hepatocytes produce adenosine intracellularly and that this adenosine is released via facilitated diffusion to the extracellular space, based on the inhibition observed with the transport inhibitors. The plasma membrane enzyme ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase does not appear to participate in hypoxic adenosine release from these cells as indicated by the lack of effect of the nucleotidase inhibitor, AOPCP.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spoken language comprehension: insights from eye movements

Abstract Recently, eye movements have become a widely used response measure for studying spoken language processing in both adults and children, in situations where participants comprehend and generate utterances about a circumscribed “Visual World” while fixation is monitored, typically using a free-view eye-tracker. Psycholinguists now use the Visual World eye-movement method to study both language production and language comprehension, in studies that run the gamut of current topics in language processing. Eye movements are a response measure of choice for addressing many classic questions about spoken language processing in psycholinguistics. This article reviews the burgeoning Visual World literature on language comprehension, highlighting some of the seminal studies and examining how the Visual World approach has contributed new insights to our understanding of spoken word recognition, parsing, reference resolution, and interactive conversation. It considers some of the methodological issues that come to the fore when psycholinguists use eye movements to examine spoken language comprehension.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences