jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Age‐Related Changes in Nestling Diet of the Cooperatively Breeding Green Woodhoopoe

Abstract In many socially monogamous bird species, parents of altricial young respond to the increasing demands of growing nestlings by increasing their feeding rate and the size of prey items delivered and by altering the types of prey provided. In some cooperatively breeding species, similar changes in feeding rate and prey size have been documented. However, potential changes in the types of prey delivered, both as nestlings age and by different group members, remain largely unexplored. Moreover, studies rarely compare the diet fed to nestlings with that eaten by the provisioning adults themselves. Here, I show that green woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) nestlings receive a smaller proportion of spiders and larger proportions of caterpillars and centipedes as they grow older. Both male and female adults delivered a higher proportion of spiders to young nestlings than they ate while self‐feeding, probably in response to particular nutritional requirements of the chicks. However, only males altered the proportions of caterpillars and centipedes delivered, providing smaller proportions to young nestlings than eaten themselves. These prey items may be too large for young nestlings to handle, and males may make a greater adjustment in provisioning diet than females because they collect more caterpillars and centipedes than do females. Although there were sex differences in provisioning diet, there were no differences between same‐sex breeders and helpers in terms of the overall proportions of prey delivered or the changes with nestling age. Hence, individuals of different reproductive status may be following the same provisioning rules, at least in terms of prey type.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
P &amp; W 7704 60

NEW TEXAS PRIMARY READER. 59\nthing that is wrong, we should remember\nthat there is an eye above that sees all\nwe do.\nIf we feel inclined to leave our school,\nand waste our precious time in idleness or\nin mischief, we should repeat the four\nshort words—“ T h ou God s e e s t us,” and\nrefrain from sin.\nIf we are ever disposed to disobey our\ndear parents or teachers, and do those\nthings we know will displease them, may\nthe thought of the words, u T hou God\ns e e s t us,” keep us from doing the wrong\nwe are tempted to do.\nWhen we are excited to anger and the\nuse of wicked words, may we pause long\nenough to say, “ Thou God s e e s t us,”\nand we shall seldom indulge the angry\nlooks, or utter the wicked words. .\nWhen we are walking in the streets, or\nengaging in our sports, may the thought\nof the words, “ T h ou God s e e s t us,” keep\nus from every improper act and expres­sion.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental study of a textural transition in liquid crystals under shear stress induced by surface friction

Results of a study of the optical response of liquid crystals with helical supramolecular structure to surfacefriction-induced shear stress in aerodynamic experiments are reported. The effect of re-orientation of molecules from confocal (light-scattering) to planar (selectively reflecting light) texture is considered. The textural transition is examined by the spectral and colorimetric methods. Dependences of the reflection spectra of the formed planar texture on time and on the mean shear-stress level were obtained. It is shown that the dependence of the texture transition time on the shear-stress level can be approximated, in a logarithmic scale, with a linear dependence; this allows using the effect for flow diagnostics.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Doctor must pay child support after inadequate warning of disability

An Austrian court has ordered a gynaecologist to pay child support for a child with Down's syndrome because the doctor had not warned the mother strongly enough of the likelihood that her baby would be disabled.

This precedent setting ruling has polarised the public and has sparked a heated debate within the medical community.

The case was dropped by two lower courts and went all the way to the …

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Challenges
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Fathers’ Parenting Involvement on Young Children’s Self-Control: The Mediating Effect of Mothers’ Parenting Competence

This study investigated the relationship among fathers’ parenting involvement, mothers’ parenting competence, and young children’s self-control. Participants consisted of 325 mothers and young children (169 boys and 153 girls) from the Seoul area who completed questionnaires on fathers’ parenting involvement, mothers’ parenting competence, and young children’s self-control. Data were statistically analyzed using basic descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Baron and Kenny’s method was examined. Subsequently, the Sobel test was performed to check the mediating model’s significance and was adapted to SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. The major findings were as follows. First, fathers’ parenting involvement was positively correlated with young children’s self-control and mothers’ parenting competence. Second, mothers’ parenting competence was positively correlated with young children’s self-control. The mothers’ parenting competence indicated a tendency to play a perfectly/partially play a mediating role between fathers’ parenting involvement and young children’s selfcontrol; consequently, a fathers’ parenting involvement had a direct effect as well as an indirect effect through the mothers’ parenting competence on young children’s self-control. The results indicated that a mothers’ parenting competence plays a crucial role in the relationship between a fathers’ parenting involvement and the young children’s self-control.

Topic: Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Anti-Aspergillus properties of different extracts from selected plants

In vitro antifungal activity of methanol, acetone and ethyl-acetate extracts from Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., Allium flavum L., Sedum acre L., Sideritis montana L., Marubium peregrinum L. and Xeranthemum anuum L. grown in Serbia, were investigated by microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) have been determined. Testing was conducted against fourAspergillus species - A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. restrictus. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS package. The tested extracts showed significant antifungal activity against A. restrictus and moderate activity against other Aspergillus spp. The best results showed ethyl acetate extract of S. montana, X. anuum and S. acre. Key words: Antifungal activity, plant extracts, Aspergillus spp.

Topic: Garlic and Onion Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Maribavir Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus Transcription through the EBV Protein Kinase

Maribavir (MBV) inhibits Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication and the enzymatic activity of the viral protein kinase BGLF4. MBV also inhibits expression of multiple EBV transcripts during EBV lytic infection. Here we demonstrate, with the use of a BGLF4 knockout virus, that effects of MBV on transcription take place primarily through inhibition of BGLF4. MBV inhibits viral genome copy numbers and infectivity to levels similar to and exceeding levels produced by BGLF4 knockout virus.

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Image3_ELK1 Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Progression Via LGMN and Correlates with Poor Prognosis.TIF

&lt;p&gt;Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and its prognosis is extremely poor. Clarification of molecular mechanisms and identification of prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Though we previously found that LGMN was involved in pancreatic carcinoma progression, the upstream regulation of LGMN remains unknown. We used reliable software to search for the potential transcription factors that may be related with LGMN transcription, we found that ELK1 could be a new regulator of LGMN transcription that binded directly to the LGMN promoter. Moreover, knocking down of ELK1 reduced pancreatic cancer cells proliferation, invasion and survival, while LGMN restored the malignancy of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of ELK1 further increased cancer cells proliferation, invasion and survival. Clinically, ELK1 and LGMN were positively correlated with clinical stage, degree of differentiation and Lymph node infiltration. ELK1 and LGMN were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The patients with low expression of ELK1/LGMN survived an average of 29.65 months, whereas those with high expression of ELK1/LGMN survived an average of 16.67 months. In conclusive, our results revealed a new mechanism by which ELK1 promoted the progression of pancreatic cancer via LGMN and conferred poor prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The use of anti-asthmatic medication among Danish elite athletes].

Most TUE certificates issued in 2005 concerned anti-asthmatic medication. Only a few athletes were treated with non-recommended anti-asthmatic medication like LABA as single therapy. Swimmers received higher doses of inhaled steroids compared to all others athletes. Most of the applications for TUE certificates were handled by general practitioners.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
P052 Mental health predictors for shift work disorder in paramedics during their early career

Abstract Introduction Shift work disorder (SWD) involves excessive sleepiness and/or insomnia and is associated with poor health outcomes in those affected. This study assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for SWD during the first six-months of paramedics’ careers. Furthermore, the study explored potential mediators in the relationship between mental health and SWD risk. Methods Recruit paramedics’ (n=101) SWD risk (SWD-Screening Questionnaire) was assessed at baseline (i.e., before shift work) and at six-months after engaging in shift work as a graduate paramedic. Logistic regression models assessed whether baseline depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and baseline anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7) predicted a high risk for SWD at six-months. Lavaan path analysis was used to assess whether shift and sleep variables, created from participants’ sleep and work diaries, mediated the relationship between mental health and SWD risk. Results After six-months of emergency work 21.5% of paramedics were high risk for SWD. Baseline depression predicted 1.28-times greater odds for SWD at six-months. Shift and sleep variables were not mediators in the relationship between baseline mental health and subsequent SWD risk. Baseline depression was independently associated with increased sleepiness levels following paramedics’ major sleep periods across all work conditions (nightshift, workdays, and non-workdays) at six-months. Depression levels before shift work also predicted a greater perceived workload on nightshifts. Conclusions Depression symptoms before starting shift work are a modifiable risk factor for SWD. Moreover, the first six-months of paramedics’ careers is a critical period for implementing preventative measures for SWD, including interventions to decrease depression symptoms.

Topic: Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The privacy protection framework for biometric information in network based CCTV environment

CCTV is one of the most widely used physical security technologies. A surveillance camera is a video collection device installed at a particular location and utilized for a variety of purposes. As CCTV performance has become enhanced recently, technology is being developed that attempts to perform automated processing through facial recognition using the facial information acquired from a CCTV system. However, if these technologies are exploited maliciously, privacy may be seriously violated. In this paper, we propose a security framework that protects personal information obtained from the detected facial area. We pointed out the security threats within CCTV system, and then propose a countermeasures. The key point of this framework is processing the mosaic or scrambling methods to the facial area, so that the facial information cannot be directly obtained without knowledge of the secret key. When the original facial information is needed, such as crime investigation, it can be obtained through reverse scrambling. This framework will contribute to protect privacy and develop the biometric-based physical security technology area.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding Relationships Among Recreation Opportunities: A Meta-Analysis of Nine Studies

Outdoor recreation providers intuitively know that visitors engage in particular activities in desired outdoor settings to attain beneficial experiences. There is a lack of understanding among managers and researchers, however, about the relationships that exist between these recreation opportunities. What are the salient inputs (activities and/or settings) that contribute to the production of certain outputs (benefit opportunities)? How does the magnitude of activity and setting effects compare to each other and vary across benefit items? To gain a better understanding of recreation opportunities and their relationships, data from nine benefits-based management pilot-studies were collected, analyzed, and combined using meta-analytic techniques. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test the dependency of twelve benefit attainment items on setting and activity type in each study. Meta-analysis techniques were used to calculate two types of results that were derived from the two-way analysis of variance tests. (1) Fisher's inverse chi-square method was used to combine the significance levels derived from 'F' statistics; and, (2) the 'F' statistic associated with each two-way analysis of variance test was converted into a common metric called an effect size (r) and an average effect size was calculated for each input/output relationship. Six of the twelve benefits examined were significantly affected by a recreational input, particularly activity type. These findings strengthen the argument that not all outcomes require certain types of activity and setting inputs. For a more robust comparison of the benefits, the twelve benefits were categorized based on the type of recreational input affecting them. By focusing on inputs of the production process when categorizing benefits, this research provides a more detailed breakdown of benefits. Suggestions for recreation management and future research are presented in light of these findings.

Topic: Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Morbid Impact of Environmental Toxins on the Human Nervous System: Dystonia Nexus with Organic Solvents, Pesticides, and Heavy Metals

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures. This review examines environmental toxins and their etiology and pathogenesis of dystonia. Environmental toxins – organic solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals – disrupt neural pathways and neurotransmitter functions, contributing to the development of dystonia. These toxins induce neurotoxicity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and interference with neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Organic solvents disrupt neuronal membrane integrity and neurotransmission, while pesticides impair neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor function. Heavy metals alter ion channel function, promote oxidative stress, and trigger inflammatory responses, causing neuronal damage. Diagnosing dystonia requires a thorough medical history, neurological examination, lab work, and specialized tests, including imaging and genetic testing. Treatment strategies focus on symptom management by identifying and eliminating the source of environmental toxin exposure and medications (e.g., dopaminergic agents, anticholinergics, GABAergic agents, and BOTOX injections). These strategies are complemented by physical therapy, nutritional support, regulating monitoring and follow-up, and education and counseling.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strains

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 genetic diversity can have an impact on drug resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological situation of CRF65_cpx and the impact of natural polymorphisms of this variant on genotypic resistance. Methods We used the BLAST search program followed by phylogenetic analysis to identify additional CRF65_cpx pol sequences from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. Maximum likelihood phylogeny was estimated to clarify the epidemiological relationship of CRF65_cpx strains. Genotypic resistance was determined by submitting sequences to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results A total of 32 CRF65_cpx pol sequences were obtained. The CRF65_cpx strains were detected in seven provinces with large geographic distance. Yunnan CRF65_cpx sequences were mainly derived from a heterosexual risk group, whereas the CRF65_cpx sequences in other provinces were almost exclusively derived from an MSM population. With one exception of V179E, the other 31 strains harbored V179D mutation. The combination of V179D and K103R, conferring intermediate resistance to EFV and NVP, was detected in seven treatment-naive MSM patients. Conclusions The active transmission of CRF65_cpx among MSM was responsible for the geographic expansion of CRF65_cpx in China. Surprisingly, we found the natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx. Our findings highlight the contribution of polymorphic mutations to drug resistance and underscore the challenges in treating patients harboring CRF65_cpx strains.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

There are growing data and a continuing controversy over the effect of folic acid supplementation on cancer risk. We conducted a meta‐analysis based on up‐to‐date published relevant randomized trials to further examine this issue. Relative risk ( RR ) was used to measure the effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cancer using a random‐effects model. Overall, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on total cancer incidence (13 trials, n = 49,406, RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.99–1.11, p = 0.13), colorectal cancer (seven trials, n = 33,824, 1.01; 0.82–1.23, p = 0.95), other gastrointestinal cancer (two trials, n = 20,228, 1.00; 0.75–1.33, p = 0.99), prostate cancer (five trials, n = 27,065, 1.17; 0.84–1.62, p = 0.35), other genitourinary cancer (two trials, n = 20,228, 0.97; 0.75–1.27, p = 0.84), lung cancer (five trials, n = 31,864, 1.00; 0.84–1.21, p = 0.97), breast cancer (four trials, n = 19,800, 0.82; 0.63–1.07, p = 0.15), hematological malignancy (three trials, n = 25,670, 0.87; 0.64–1.17, p = 0.35) and total cancer mortality (six trials, n = 31,930, 1.02; 0.90–1.15, p = 0.81). However, a significantly reduced risk was observed for melanoma (three trials, n = 19,128, 0.47; 0.23–0.94, p = 0.03). Furthermore, higher total cancer incidence risk was observed among those trials with a higher percent use of lipid‐lowering drugs (&gt;60%, 1.10; 1.00–1.20, p = 0.04), or with lower percent baseline hypertension (≤70%, 1.08; 1.00–1.16, p = 0.057).Consistently, meta‐regression analyses suggested that the similar trend between percent use of lipid‐lowering drugs ( p = 0.084) or percent baseline hypertension ( p = 0.056) and log‐RR for total cancer incidence associated with folic acid supplementation. Our findings indicate that folic acid supplementation has no significant effect on total cancer incidence, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer or hematological malignancy, but reduces the risk of melanoma.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing the Impact of Village Banking Groups on Women's Livelihoods in the Lusaka District

This paper aimed to explore the impact of village banking on women’s livelihoods in Lusaka district. A qualitative survey was conducted among 21 women, of which 12 were members of the village banking groups, and 9 were non-<br> members of any village banking group in the district. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that participation in village banking had a significant positive impact on women’s livelihoods in<br> Lusaka district. Women reported increased income from businesses, improved access to credit, and enhanced social<br> capital through networking with other group members. Additionally, women who participated in village banking reported<br> enhanced self-confidence and decision-making skills, which positively influenced their entrepreneurial activities. On the<br> other hand, women who never participated in village banking activities reported that lack of understanding rules<br> governing village banking, too many stories of thefts, prohibitive interest rates, and high risk of losing investment savings<br> due to dishonest members, are some of the reasons why they don’t feel like joining the village banking groups.<br> The study also found that participation in village banking provided women with a platform to voice out their<br> concerns and challenges, which were then addressed through collective action within their groups. This has led to the<br> development of community-driven solutions that enhanced the well-being and economic security of women and their<br> families.<br> All in all, this study underscores the importance of village banking as a strategy for empowering women and<br> promoting sustainable livelihoods in Lusaka district. This now calls for policymakers and development practitioners to<br> consider investing in similar initiatives that prioritize the economic integration of women, particularly in settings where<br> poverty and gender disparities are prevalent.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences