jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Disease burden of Crigler–Najjar syndrome: Systematic review and future perspectives

Abstract Background and Aim Crigler–Najjar syndrome (CNS) results from biallelic mutations of UGT1A1 causing partial or total loss of uridine 5′‐diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and its attendant risk for irreversible neurological injury (kernicterus). CNS is exceedingly rare and has been only partially characterized through relatively small studies, each comprising between two and 57 patients. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to consolidate data on the patient, caregiver, and societal burden of CNS. Results Twenty‐eight articles on clinical aspects of CNS were identified, but no published data on its humanistic or economic burden were found. In patients with complete UGT1A1 deficiency (type 1 CNS [CNS‐I]), unconjugated bilirubin levels increase 3–6 mg/dL/day during the newborn period and reach neurologically dangerous levels between 5 and 14 days of age. Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment but poses significant challenges to patients and their families. Despite consistent phototherapy, patients with CNS‐I have worsening hyperbilirubinemia with advancing age. Liver transplantation is the only definitive therapy for CNS‐I and is increasingly associated with excellent long‐term survival but also incurs high costs, medical and surgical morbidities, and risks of immunosuppression. Conclusions Crigler–Najjar syndrome is associated with a substantial burden, even with existing standards of care. The development of novel disease‐modifying therapies has the potential to reduce disease burden and improve the lives of CNS patients and their families.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cone Cluster Labeling for Support Vector Clustering

Previous chapter Next chapter Full AccessProceedings Proceedings of the 2006 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM)Cone Cluster Labeling for Support Vector ClusteringSei-Hyung Lee and Karen M. DanielsSei-Hyung Lee and Karen M. Danielspp.484 - 488Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972764.45PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAboutAbstract Clustering forms natural groupings of data points that maximize intra-cluster similarity and minimize intercluster similarity. Support Vector Clustering (SVC) is a clustering algorithm that can handle arbitrary cluster shapes. One of the major SVC challenges is a cluster labeling performance bottleneck. We propose a novel cluster labeling algorithm that relies on approximate coverings both in feature space and data space. Comparison with existing cluster labeling approaches suggests that our strategy improves efficiency without sacrificing clustering quality. Previous chapter Next chapter RelatedDetails Published:2006ISBN:978-0-89871-611-5eISBN:978-1-61197-276-4 https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972764Book Series Name:ProceedingsBook Code:PR124Book Pages:xii + 646

Topic: Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE IDEOLOGY OF FOOD OR THE FOOD OF IDEOLOGY: FOOD CULTURE IN TERMS OF IDENTITY / Yemeğin İdeolojisi ya da İdeolojinin Yemeği: Kimlik Bağlamında Yemek Kültürü

This study focuses on the ideology of food and food culture which has formed an expanding&#13;\ncultural environment in recent years. The food of ideology refers to the food culture&#13;\nwhich is shaped by values, attitudes and points of view determining our behaviors. The&#13;\nformer points to the consumption society, while the latter refers to the field of cultural reproduction&#13;\nwhich is the main topic of this paper. It can be said that there is a complex but&#13;\nreciprocally affirmative relationship between the ideology and the identity. This relationship&#13;\nwhich relies on references like belonging and legitimacy is always rebuilt considerably historically&#13;\nand spatially. In these rebuilding processes, semiological meanings of eating and food&#13;\ncultures are employed widely. In this framework, this paper deals with how identity categories&#13;\nsuch as religious beliefs, nationality, class, nationalism and ethnicity shape food culture.&#13;\nConsequently, all traditional and modern forms of eating practices have explicit or implicit&#13;\nmeanings. The ideological attitude of a society has a determining role in forming of these&#13;\nmeanings. Survival strategies of religious, ethnic, sexual, national and all kinds of identities&#13;\nhave a political character, too. Food cultures also locate themselves according to these fields&#13;\nof struggle, and moreover they can be the means of struggle themselves.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Temporal Trends of Hyponatremia in Patients with Respiratory and Intrathoracic Cancers Treated with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer a novel approach to cancer treatment by enhancing immune responses against malignant cells. However, ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hyponatremia, a potentially severe electrolyte disturbance. The risk of hyponatremia increases further when ICIs are combined with cisplatin, a nephrotoxic chemotherapy agent widely used in treating respiratory and intrathoracic cancers. This study investigated the incidence, severity, and temporal dynamics of hyponatremia in patients treated with ICIs alone or in combination with cisplatin. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the TriNetX global health research network. Patients with respiratory or intrathoracic malignancies (n = 14,026) were divided into two groups: ICI-only (n = 7013) and ICI with cisplatin combination (n = 7013), matched using propensity scores. Hyponatremia was categorized into mild (130–134 mmol/L), moderate (125–129 mmol/L), and severe (&lt;125 mmol/L). Temporal trends and cumulative incidence over 90 days were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results: The combination group exhibited a higher cumulative incidence of hyponatremia across all severity levels, with early-phase risk peaking within 20 days of treatment. Rate ratios for mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were significantly elevated in the combination group (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a significant complication in patients receiving ICIs, particularly when combined with cisplatin. Early monitoring and tailored management are essential to mitigate risks and optimize treatment outcomes.

Topic: Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antimicrobial Properties of Common Mushrooms in Nigeria

Over the past century, a number of synthetic antimicrobial agents have been discovered and developed, but drug resistance and toxicity are still the major hindrances to gaining successful therapeutic outcomes in many instances. Herbal medicines may represent a safe and useful supplement to existing chemotherapeutic therapies for the management of infectious diseases. Mushrooms especially the edible ones are traditionally employed in the preparation of several delicacies in most part of Nigeria. Results have also shown that many mushrooms are employed by traditional healers in treatment of many diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of Pleurotus ostreatus, Marasmium oreades and fungal rhizomorphs were evaluated using antimicrobial sensitivity test, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration using Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion and dilution techniques. The result of sensitivity shows that all the bacterial isolates were susceptible to Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades while about 25% were susceptible to fungal rhizomorphs. The result of the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration reveals the susceptibility of the isolates to the extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades at varying concentration with resistant from Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to the extract of Marasmium oreades. The results obtained in this study suggest that Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades possessed broad-spectrum of activity against microbial isolates used.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis of Diastereomerically and Enantiomerically Pure 2,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans Using a Sulfoxonium Ylide

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,3-epoxy alcohols, easily prepared via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation chemistry, offer access to a wide variety of enantiomerically pure compounds. In this communication, we describe the use of a Payne rearrangement to control regioselectivity in the ring-opening of a series of 2,3-epoxy alcohols with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to yield diastereomerically and/or enantiomerically pure disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings. The factors influencing the success and substitution pattern of the THF ring products are discussed, including steric, electronic, and solvent effects.

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transport-Based Pattern Theory: A Signal Transformation Approach

In many scientific fields imaging is used to relate a certain physical quantity to other dependent variables. Therefore, images can be considered as a map from a real-world coordinate system to the non-negative measurements being acquired. In this work we describe an approach for simultaneous modeling and inference of such data, using the mathematics of optimal transport. To achieve this, we describe a numerical implementation of the linear optimal transport transform, based on the solution of the Monge-Ampere equation, which uses Brenier's theorem to characterize the solution of the Monge functional as the derivative of a convex potential function. We use our implementation of the transform to compute a curl-free mapping between two images, and show that it is able to match images with lower error that existing methods. Moreover, we provide theoretical justification for properties of the linear optimal transport framework observed in the literature, including a theorem for the linear separation of data classes. Finally, we use our optimal transport method to empirically demonstrate that the linear separability theorem holds, by rendering non-linearly separable data as linearly separable following transform to transport space.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EPR of Mn<sup>2+</sup> in Pr<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>3</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>12</sub> · 24H<sub>2</sub>O Single Crystals

Abstract EPR of Mn 2+ in Pr 2 Mg 3 (NO 3 ) 12 ·24H 2 O single crystals has been studied at X-band. Mn 2+ substitutes two inequivalent Mg 2+ sites. The spin-Hamiltonian analysis of the EPR spectra is presented at 298 K as well as 77 K.

Topic: Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Constructing stylistic synthesis databases from audio books

In this paper, we explore how to construct stylistic TTS databases from audio books, in which a storyteller performs multiple roles. The goal is to identify and build a set of speech corpora, each of which not only portrays a representative voice style performed by the speaker, but also has sufficient sentences to synthesize natural speech using unit selection approach. We solve the problem in two procedures: first, by representing each role with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), all speech data are partitioned into a number of voice style clusters with a criterion that maximizes the likelihood of all utterances with respect to roles’ speaker models; then, pruning in terms of both acoustic and prosodic measures is followed to purify the clusters. The resulting 4 voice styles are subjectively interpreted as Neutral, Young, Elder and Adult, respectively. Perceptual experiments show that the proposed approach can synthesize speech with the recognizable voice styles with an average 72.5% identification rate, and the synthesized speech sounds better than those synthesized with utterances from a single role.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Superfluid liquid helium control for the primordial inflation polarization explorer balloon payload

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a stratospheric balloon payload to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Twin telescopes mounted within an open-aperture bucket dewar couple the sky to bolometric detector arrays. We reduce detector loading and photon noise by cooling the entire optical chain to 1.7 K or colder. A set of fountain-effect pumps sprays superfluid liquid helium onto each optical surface, producing helium flows of 50–100 cm3 s−1 at heights up to 200 cm above the liquid level. We describe the fountain-effect pumps and the cryogenic performance of the PIPER payload during two flights in 2017 and 2019.

Topic: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Impact of a School Board’s One-to-One iPad Initiative on Equity and Inclusion

This paper examines the impact of a school board’s one-to-one iPad initiative on equity and inclusion. Data include: questionnaires from Grade 7–9 students, teachers, and administrators; focus groups with inclusion coaches; and interviews with classroom teachers. The results show that the iPads have supported equity among students in the district; there is now less disparity in terms of access to technology on the basis of families’ socio-economic status. The results show that the iPads have also supported the academic and social inclusion of students with exceptionalities; themes that arose across the data sources include: differentiation of content, access to grade-level curriculum, the appearance of sameness, communication and collaboration among students with and without exceptionalities, and positive student affect. Negative implications included the potential for students who struggle with self-regulation to be negatively affected and the potential for the technology to be used in socially exclusionary ways.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of foliar application of bio-stimulants and nutrients on the seed yield of transplanted finger millet (Eleusine coracana)

Foliar application of bio-stimulants and nutrients is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the availability of nutrients at a critical stage of crop growth. This favoured the nutrient balance in improving crop growth and yield potential. Therefore, this field study was conducted during 2021 at a farmer’s field in Srivilliputhur block, Tamil Nadu to assess the effect of foliar application of bio-stimulants and nutrients on transplanted finger millet CO15. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and eight treatments viz., Control, GA3 @ 50 ppm, Panchagava @ 3%, Seaweed extract (Sargassum wightii) @ 5%, Humic acid @ 5%, Boron @ 0.3%, ZnSO4 @ 0.5% and FeSO4 @ 0.5% sprayed twice at 20 DAT and 45 DAT. Ten characters namely plant height, number of tillers/hill, Leaf area index, dry matter production, number of ear heads/hill, number of fingers/ear head, finger length, test weight, seed yield and straw yield were studied. Among the different foliar treatments, NPK along with the foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (T6 ) significantly enhance the growth and yield parameters compared to the other treatments. Hence, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (T6 ) could be adopted to get a higher seed yield.

Topic: Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Qualification of a Frequency Scanning Eddy Current Equipment for Nondestructive Characterization of New and Serviced High-Temperature Coatings

As modern gas turbines are continuously being upgraded, mainly through the increase of their firing temperature and cooling optimization, the prime protection of the high technology and high-cost hot gas path parts is increasingly being transferred to the coatings. In order to avoid the risk of structural damage of these components, with its potential for greater economic losses — mostly traceable to unexpected prime time outages — refurbishment cycle should be dictated by the amount of the life actually expended by the coating. To address the issues of quality and condition assessment of new and serviced high-temperature coatings applied on buckets and vanes, an innovative non-destructive system was developed based on a frequency scanning eddy current technique. It combines outstanding high frequency hardware with model based analysis of raw data. In the paper, quantitative data on equipment qualification are presented, relating to its capability in measuring both the thickness and β-aluminide depletion of MCrAlY coatings applied on Ni-base superalloys. The results of an inspection campaign on serviced blades, performed during major overhauls of ENEL gas turbines, will also be reported, together with recent system upgrades, aiming at extending its applicability to newer coatings such as thermal barriers and over-aluminized MCrAlY’s.

Topic: High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
HGG-29. INTEGRATED MOLECULAR PROFILING OF &amp;gt;2000 PAEDIATRIC-TYPE DIFFUSE HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA TUMOURS AND &amp;gt;100 PATIENT-DERIVED MODELS

Abstract BACKGROUND Paediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma (PDHGG) is recognised in the WHO2021 CNS Tumour Classification as biologically distinct from ‘adult-types’, and comprises four major categories based on distinct biology and clinical presentation, though sub-types within these are less well-defined. METHODS Published and unpublished genome/exome/targeted sequencing from n=1593 cases were integrated with n=2027 cases with methylation array profiling, with an overlap of n=761. These were supplemented with varying availability of bulk/single-cell RNAseq, ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq, and analysed alongside data from ~100 patient-derived models representing 16 PDHGG sub-types. RESULTS Around half of cases were diffuse midline glioma with H3K27 alterations (DMG-H3K27), which can be split into sub-types based upon either the specific histone alteration (DMG-H3.3K27M/-H3.1K27M/-EZHIP) or co-segregating pathway activating mutations (DMG-EGFR/-MAPK/-ACVR1). These showed distinct copy number, transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures depending on the anatomical location, replicated in ~50 models established as 2D/3D cultures and CDX/PDX. By contrast, diffuse hemispheric glioma with H3G34 mutations (DHG-H3G34) presented a homogenous genomic landscape (TP53/ATRX/PDGFRA) but with a higher degree of transcriptional diversity in both tumours and models. In high-grade glioma, H3/IDH-wild-type (HGG-WT) samples, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subtypes are split by the presence or absence of co-segregating mutations (BCOR/SETD2/NF1) and copy number changes. Across methylation-based subtypes, genetic drivers are associated with distinct phenotypes or drug responses independent of location. EGFR mutations are largely confined to the highly infiltrative pedHGG_RTK2 hemispheric (enriched in gliomatosis cerebri) and DMG-EGFR (bithalamic glioma) subtypes, whilst PDGFRAmutations span DMG-H3.3K27M, DHG-H3G34, and pedHGG-RTK1, and exhibit a differential drug response to targeted therapies depending on the nature of the alteration. Hypermutant tumours are split between pedHGG-RTK1A and the emerging ‘HGG-E’ subtype. CONCLUSIONS These data aim to catalogue the diversity of PDHGG subtypes in order to identify biologically rational targets, and credential patient-derived models which can be exploited for mechanistic/preclinical studies.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How Can Smart City Technologies be Utilized to Align With and Enhance the Principles of Islamic Architecture?

In an era of rapid urbanization, smart cities leverage technologies like AI and IoT to enhance sustainability and optimize resource usage. However, integrating these innovations raises concerns about preserving cultural identities, especially within Islamic architecture. Rooted in religious, cultural, and social principles, Islamic architecture emphasizes sustainability, privacy, harmony with nature, and community cohesion. This research explores how smart city technologies can align with Islamic architectural principles. Using literature reviews, case studies, and community surveys, the study examines the potential for harmonizing technological innovation with Islamic values. Examples like Masdar City in the UAE show how advanced technologies can coexist with traditional Islamic design elements. Community surveys highlight opportunities and challenges, including privacy, social interaction, and economic accessibility. The findings stress the importance of integrating Islamic architectural values into smart city frameworks to preserve cultural heritage and promote sustainable, inclusive, and human-centered urban living. Recommendations are provided for designing future cities that balance technological progress with cultural authenticity.

Topic: Architecture and Cultural Influences
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Influence of surrounding wall thickness on the fatigue resistance of molars restored with ceramic inlay

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of buccal and lingual wall thickness on the fatigue resistance of molars restored with CAD/CAM ceramic inlays. Forty human third molars were selected and divided into 4 groups, according to the remaining surrounding wall thickness chosen for inlay preparation (n=10): G1, 2.0 mm; G2, 1.5 mm; G3, 1.0 mm; G4, 0.5 mm. All inlays were made from feldspathic ceramic blocks by a CAD/CAM system, and cemented adhesively. After 1 week stored in distilled water at 37 °C, the specimens were subjected to fatigue testing under the following protocol: 5Hz; pre-load of 200 N for 5,000 cycles, followed by increasing loads of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 N for 30,000 cycles each. The specimens were cycled until failure or completion of 185,000 cycles. The survival rate of the groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p>0.05). All specimens withstood the fatigue protocol (185,000 cycles), representing a 100% survival rate. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no difference between groups. It can be concluded that the remaining tooth wall thickness did not influence the fatigue resistance of molars restored with CAD/CAM ceramic inlays.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences