jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Material for: Noninvasive Home Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Systematic Review

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure induces considerable morbidity and mortality in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). This study systematically reviews the effects of noninvasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) on gas exchange, quality of life, survival, and compliance in DM1 patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic Medline and Embase search was performed (January 1995 to January 2020). Records were screened for eligibility criteria, data were extracted from included studies, and risk of bias was assessed. We present findings mainly using a narrative synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-eight relevant full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria. Nine studies were included. Randomized controlled trials were not found. Studies had either an observational (<i>n</i> = 8) or interventional (<i>n</i> = 1) design. In the pooled data analysis, HMV showed to improve mean oxygen saturation with 4.8% and decreased mean carbon dioxide values with 3 mm Hg. Compliance varied widely between studies, from no use to more than 12 h per day. Quality of life was not studied extensively, but some studies reported positive effects of HMV on symptoms of chronic respiratory failure. HMV may improve survival in DM1 patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review shows that HMV can improve gas exchange and relieve symptoms with a possible survival benefit in DM1 patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Future studies should focus on developing strategies to optimize the timing of HMV initiation and to promote compliance.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Nonmyeloablative Transplantation

Abstract High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been explored as a method to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced solid tumors. The failure of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to prolong survival in patients with metastatic solid tumors has sparked interest recently in studies exploring the potential of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for such patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely accepted as a potent form of immunotherapy capable of curing patients with chemotherapy-refractory hematologic malignancies. However, it was not until the end of the 20th century that investigators initiated trials to test the potential of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as immunotherapy in malignancies of epithelial origin. Early pilot trials have established proof-of-principle that graft-versus-tumor effects can induce complete or partial remission in some treatment-refractory metastatic solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the rationale for pilot trials investigating the potential of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in advanced cytokine-refractory renal cancer, highlighting the preliminary success, limitations, and future clinical directions of this approach.

Topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Rupture After Myocardial Infarction

f all the mechanical complications after acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac rupture remains the most devastating, dramatic, and deadly.Continued improvements in the care of patients with acute MI have decreased the incidence of cardiac rupture over the past decade to under 3% in patients receiving reperfusion therapy, 1 although autopsy evaluation of patients who died suddenly with acute MI has suggested a higher incidence. 2,3ithout extremely prompt surgical intervention, patients with cardiac rupture rarely survive.

Topic: Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Amoebicidal efficiencies of various diamidines against two strains of Acanthamoeba polyphaga

The first medical cure of Acanthamoeba keratitis was obtained by use of propamidine isethionate. Since then, it has been the basic drug recommended for use in treatment. Because some Acanthamoeba strains have been reported to be resistant to propamidine and propamidine was found to be only weakly cysticidal, superior homologs such as butamidine, pentamidine, hexamidine, heptamidine, octamidine, and nonamidine were tested for their amoebicidal effects on two Acanthamoeba strains isolated from patients with keratitis. Trophozoicidal and cysticidal efficiencies were found to be increased from propamidine to nonamidine; i.e., when the alkyl chain connecting the two benzene rings in their molecular structures was elongated, in comparison with propamidine, hexamidine and octamidine were the most amoebicidal molecules. As a result of these data, a kinetic study carried out on propamidine, hexamidine, and octamidine demonstrated that the amoebicidal effects resulted from two events: the diffusion of molecules through the plasma membrane or the double wall of trophozoites or cysts, respectively, and the lethal effects of molecules on amoebic protoplasm. The diffusion kinetics were increased when the alkyl chain was elongated, i.e., with an increase in the lipophilic properties of molecules. In contrast, the lethal effect kinetics were found to be unchanged by this elongation, indicating that they originated from the cationic surface-active properties induced by the protonated amidine groups attached to each benzene ring, which themselves remained unchanged from one molecule to the other. These results strongly advocate the immediate replacement of propamidine by hexamidine in the medical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis; in France, 0.1% hexamidine eyedrops are available (Desomedine). The results also advocate clinical investigations on the efficiency and toxicity of octamidine, which appears to be the most amoebicidal diamidine in vitro.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Perceived Stress Levels and Support of Student Disability Services

Perceived stress of university students tends to be higher for students with disabilities compared to students without disabilities. Students with disabilities may therefore require campus support to manage additional stress they encounter. The current study investigated the relationship between students’ perceived stress levels and enrollment in university campus Disability Services for Students (DSS). Three groups of university students were studied: those without disabilities (n = 42), those with disabilities registered with DSS (n = 21), and those with disabilities not registered with DSS (n = 23). Three hypotheses were tested. First, students with disabilities would have higher overall perceived stress levels compared to students without disabilities. Second, students with disabilities who were not registered with DSS would experience a higher level of perceived stress compared to students with disabilities who were registered with DSS. Third, students with disabilities registered with DSS would have a similar level of perceived stress to students without disabilities. Student participants completed an online self-report survey containing the Perceived Stress Scale(Cohen, Kamarck, &amp; Mermelstein, 1983). A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to investigate potential differences in perceived stress levels between the three groups. The results indicated that students with disabilities reported higher levels of stress compared to their peers without disabilities, yet DSS had no significant effect on perceived stress among students with disabilities. With these findings, we suggest that further research on the relationship between DSS and other academic factors, such as students’ grade point average, should be conducted.

Topic: Disability Education and Employment
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Energy-efficient Processing-in-memory Architecture for Long Short Term Memory in Spin Orbit Torque MRAM

Many recent studies have focused on Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures for neural networks to resolve the memory bottleneck problem. Especially, an increased interest in Spin Orbit Torque (SOT)-MRAMs has emerged due to its low latency, high energy efficiency, and non-volatility. However, the previous work added extra computing circuits to support complicated computations, which results in large energy overheads. In this work, we propose a new PIM architecture with relatively small peripheral circuit, which produces the highest energy efficiency for processing a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) among the PIM architectures. We improve the efficiency with a new computing method for logical operations, which exploits characteristics of SOT-MRAMs. We reduce the number of word lines (WLs) activated concurrently to one from two in the previous works. As a result, the energy for driving WLs is saved, and the sensing current for computation is reduced. Moreover, we propose efficient methods for additions, multiplications and non-linear activation functions in memory to process an LSTM. Accordingly, we achieve 1.26x energy efficiency with the proposed computing method for logical operations compared to the previous study based on SOT-MRAMs and up to 5.54x energy efficiency over the previous PIM architectures based on other memories.

Topic: Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent health and development: a role to play for physicians].

This article summarizes the conclusion of a two-days interprofessional online workshop held under the auspices of the Brocher Foundation. The objectives were to review the impact of COVID on adolescent health and development and to generate some key responses to the situation. The pandemic has severely affected the mental health of a large proportion of adolescents and has significantly reduced access to health care. It has as well disturbed the school education of vulnerable youngsters and decreased social contacts with adults and peers. In the future, authorities should better consider the rights of young people and request their opinion and participation in decision making. Physicians should systematically explore their young patients' opinions and queries regarding the COVID and address problematic situations such as family conflicts, misuse of internet or risky behaviour.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Imaging the vesicular monoamine transporter.

Quantitative measures of striatal VMAT2 binding sites appear to represent an excellent surrogate of nigrostriatal projection integrity in experimental animal models. Importantly, there does not appear to be a significant effect of dopaminergic drugs or of lesion compensatory effect on the expressed level of VMAT2 binding sites in the striatum. Highly precise and specific measures of human VMAT2 are possible with PET employing the novel tracer (+)11C-DTBZ. This methodology appears particularly suited to the objective measure of PD severity and of its progression. Such measures will be indispensable in the search for disease-modifying effects of PD therapy.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Yabancı Mahkeme ve Hakem Kararlarının Türkiye’de Tenfizinde Karşılaşılan Sorunlara İlışkin Bazı Tespitler

Tenfiz davaları sırasında bazı usuli meseleler ile ilgili olarak uygulamada sorunlar yaşandığı, bu sorunların süreci gereksiz yere uzattığı ve hatta zaman zaman tenfizi tehlikeye attığı veya tarafların alacağını umdukları meblağının çok altına sulh olmaya razı oldukları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tenfiz davalarındaki görevli mahkeme, harç ve teminat konularının kanunda nasıl düzenlendiği ve bu konuların uygulamada ne gibi sorunlara yol açtığı üzerinde durulacaktır. Yabancı mahkeme ve hakem kararlarının Türkiye’de tanınması ve tenfizi davalarında kamu düzenine aykırılık bir tenfiz engeli olarak sıkça gündeme gelmektedir. Mahkemelerin kamu düzenine aykırılığı değerlendirirken konuya muhafazakâr yaklaştığı ve genellikle geniş yorumlama eğiliminde oldukları görülmektedir. Bu durum da tenfiz davasını açan taraf bakımından yabancı kararın kamu düzeni engeline takılıp takılmayacağı konusunda haklı bir tedirginliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışmada mahkeme ve hakem kararları bakımından tenfiz engellerinden biri olan kamu düzeni üzerinde durulacaktır. Uygulamada taşıdığı önem nedeniyle çalışmanın son bölümünde, geçici hukuki koruma önlemlerinden biri olan ihtiyati haciz ayrı bir başlık altında ele alınacaktır.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Children with Autism Show Local Precedence in a Divided Attention Task and Global Precedence in a Selective Attention Task

Children with a diagnosis of autism and typically developing children were given two variations of the Navon task (Navon, 1977), which required responding to a target that could appear at the global level, the local level, or both levels. In one variation, the divided attention task, no information was given to children regarding the level at which a target would appear on any one trial. In the other, the selective attention task, children were instructed to attend to either the local or the global level. Typically developing children made most errors when the target appeared at the local level whereas children with autism made more errors when the target appeared at the global level in the divided attention task. Both groups of children were quicker to respond to the global target than the local target in the selective attention task. The presence of normal global processing in the children with autism in one task but not in the other is discussed in terms of a deficit in mechanisms that inhibit local information in the absence of overt priming or voluntary selective attention to local information.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Iron nitrate and 4-OH-TEMPO-cocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of isochromans

An efficient strategy with Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and 4-OH-TEMPO as catalysts has been developed for the aerobic oxidation of isochromans to form related lactones under mild conditions.

Topic: Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sharing their secrets: Undocumented students' personal stories of fear, drive, and survival

Abstract The previous chapters have examined how the legal status of undocumented students restrains their access to higher education, exacerbates their academic and emotional stress, and limits their career opportunities. However, individually none of these challenges captures the real struggle of these students. Only through understanding undocumented students' total experience can student affairs professionals be prepared to respond to their needs.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Data from Activation of the Lin28/let-7 Axis by Loss of ESE3/EHF Promotes a Tumorigenic and Stem-like Phenotype in Prostate Cancer

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are thought to be the most tumorigenic, metastatic, and therapy-resistant cell subpopulation within human tumors, current therapies target bulk tumor cells while tending to spare CSC. In seeking to understand mechanisms needed to acquire and maintain a CSC phenotype in prostate cancer, we investigated connections between the ETS transcription factor ESE3/EHF, the Lin28/let-7 microRNA axis, and the CSC subpopulation in this malignancy. In normal cells, we found that ESE3/EHF bound and repressed promoters for the Lin28A and Lin28B genes while activating transcription and maturation of the let-7 microRNAs. In cancer cells, reduced expression of ESE3/EHF upregulated Lin28A and Lin28B and downregulated the let-7 microRNAs. Notably, we found that deregulation of the Lin28/let-7 axis with reduced production of let-7 microRNAs was critical for cell transformation and expansion of prostate CSC. Moreover, targeting Lin28A/Lin28B in cell lines and tumor xenografts mimicked the effects of ESE3/EHF and restrained tumor-initiating and self-renewal properties of prostate CSC both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. These results establish that tight control by ESE3/EHF over the Lin28/let-7 axis is a critical barrier to malignant transformation, and they also suggest new strategies to antagonize CSC in human prostate cancer for therapeutic purposes. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(12); 3629–43. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Renal and related cancers
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Serotoninergic findings in habitual violence and impulsivity. A review

Summary Several lines of evidence suggest that there may be abnormal brain serotonin metabolism in habitually biolent and impulsive offenders. These personality disorders are usually connected with early onset, male limited type 2 alcoholism in which one central feature is the abnormal tendency to behave aggressively and impulsively under the influence of alcohol repeatedly. Low CSF 5-HIAA has been found to correlate with familial alcoholism tendencies; paternal alcoholism. Both this and with it the tendency to abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (tendency to low blood glucose nadir) predict the new violent and impulsive crimes under the influence of alcohol. Also peripheral measures such as platelet MAO, abnormal tryptophan/LNAA ratio in plasma, whole blood serotonin, blood platelet uptake of serotonin, platelet 3 H-IMI dinging ( B max), abnormal prolactin and Cortisol secretion in fenfluramine challenge, and possibly daily urinary free Cortisol secretion correlate with impulsive aggressive behavior.

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Project managers as senior executives, Volume 2: How the research was conducted: Methodology, detailed findings and analyses

Can project managers actually become senior executives? If not, what can be done to allow them to climb the ladder? What are the odds? How can a project manager better design his or her career development to take advantage of these opportunities? These questions and more are answered in Project Managers as Senior Executives, the new newest addition to PMI’s ever-growing published library of research-based studies.&#13;\nBased on face-to-face interviews with more than 40 senior executives and project managers from six countries, an extensive literature search, and online questionnaires, the authors, who are top project leaders in the project management community, provides empirical evidence and addresses three fundamental hypotheses and a series of nine research questions.&#13;\nProject Managers as Senior Executives maps out a model for advancement for program and project managers and contributes new thinking on the emerging leadership of project managers as senior executives. &#13;\nThe research is published in two volumes. Volume I—Research Results, Advancement Model, and Action Proposals presents the results and proposals from the study and Volume 2—How the Research Was Conducted: Methodology, Detailed Findings, and Analyses contains the research-oriented materials from the study.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cinema attendance in Europe

Although there exists a large body of literature which has empirically investigated the impact of various determinants on cinema attendance, studies that analyse the addictive component of cinema consumption seem to be relatively rare. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the addictive component of cinema consumption by adopting a cross-country focus. To this aim, the Becker and Murphy's rational addiction model has been tested using a pooled cross-section and time-series data on 12 European countries over the period 1989 to 2004. Results provide evidence that cinema consumption seems to conform to a rational addiction hypothesis.

Topic: Cinema and Media Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
GroupMe! – Combining Ideas of Wikis, Social Bookmarking, and Blogging

The GroupMe! system provides a novel approach to social bookmarking. It enables users to create groups of arbitrary multimedia web resources and visualizes resources according to their media type. Therewith, content of a resource can be grasped immediately. Hence, GroupMe! groups form web sites -- comparable to Wikipedia pages -- that users visit in order to gather information about corresponding topics. Technically, the grouping of resources carries valuable information about web resources and their relations, and can be exploited to improve the mining of web content, e.g. for search and retrieval. GroupMe! is available via http://groupme.org.

Topic: Wikis in Education and Collaboration
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The recovery of silver from film

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe recovery of silver from filmH. Nechamkin and P. E. Dumas Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 6, 370Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1976Published inissue 1 June 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p370.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (814 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences