jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
10.1063/1.4902943.1

Cell encapsulation technology is a promising strategy applicable to tissue engineering and cell therapy. Many advanced microencapsulation chips that function via multiple syringe pumps have been developed to generate mono-disperse hydrogel beads encapsulating cells. However, their operation is difficult and only trained microfluidic engineers can use them with dexterity. Hence, we propose a microfluidic manifold system, driven by a single syringe pump, which can enable the setup of automated flow sequences and generate highly mono-disperse alginate beads by minimizing disturbances to the pump pressure. The encapsulation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic body formation are demonstrated to prove the efficiency of the proposed system.

Topic: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Morphological changes in the kidney tissue of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus and during correction with metformin and modulators of hydrogen sulfide metabolism

Annotation. Metformin is widely used for pharmacocorrection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms of the protective effect of metformin on the kidneys remain unclear, in particular, the contribution of the hydrogen sulfide system to metformin’s nephroprotective effect is unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the role of metformin and its combination with modulators of hydrogen sulfide metabolism in the correction of histological changes in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The studies were performed on 30 white non-linear male rats, which were divided into five groups: 1 group - control; group 2 – animals with experimental diabetes, which was initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of weight) in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5); Group 3 - animals with experimental diabetes, which were treated with metformin (500 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) from the 3rd to the 28th day; Group 4 - animals with diabetes mellitus, which, along with metformin, were administered NaHS (56 μmol/kg/day, intragastrically); Group 5 - animals with diabetes mellitus, which, along with metformin, were administered propargylglycine (442 μmol/kg/day, intragastrically). Histological examinations were performed according to generally accepted methods using an Olympus BX-41 light microscope (Olympus Europe GmbH, Japan). It was found that animals with experimental diabetes develop nephrosclerosis and glomerular hypertrophy, damage to the endothelium of kidney vessels, interstitial inflammation, and edema, and dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the glomeruli. The administration of metformin to diabetic animals reduced the severity of nephrosclerosis, glomerular hypertrophy, destruction of vascular endotheliocytes, inflammation, and damage to the glomerular apparatus. The use of the hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS increased the nephroprotective activity of metformin, while the introduction of the hydrogen sulfide synthesis inhibitor- propargylglycine, significantly reduced the protective effect of metformin on the kidneys. The obtained results of the histological examination justify the feasibility of implementation of a hydrogen sulfide donor in order to potentiate the renoprotective effect of metformin.

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Electron properties of pharmaceutical molecules

We have prepared a novel post-perovskite, NaIrO 3 , by high pressure solid state synthesis and recovered it to ambient conditions [1].Among the few known oxide post-perovskites, NaIrO 3 is the first example with a pentavalent cation.The structure consists of layers of corner-and edge-sharing IrO 6 octahedra separated by layers of NaO 8 bicapped trigonal prisms.NaIrO 3 shows no magnetic ordering and resistivity measurements show non-metallic behaviour.The crystal structure, electrical and magnetic properties are discussed and compared to known post-perovskites and pentavalent perovskite metal oxides.In 2004 two groups independently discovered a high pressure transition at 125 GPa in MgSiO 3 from a perovskite to a post-perovskite structure [2,3].The transition is believed to explain the observed transition in the speed of sound in the Earth's lower mantle and it is of high importance in seismology.Considering the extreme pressure required to study MgSiO 3 there is a great interest in discovering analog compounds which are stable at lower pressures.The recent discoveries of several new oxide post-perovskites have also sparked interest in the materials science community regarding their electronic and magnetic properties.The interest is further invigorated by the valence flexibility of the cations allowing mixed valence and tuning of properties.

Topic: Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hydraulic drive test platform of automatic underwater welding

Because welding repair of nuclear power plant at the underwater environment, in order to simplify the sealing and increase the safety of test equipment, hydraulic drive automatic welding platform was designed that provides the relative motion required during underwater welding; Through PLC control electro-hydraulic servo valve to control welding slider's movement. Oscillating center sensor realized the track of oscillating center. Movement of welding was controlled through the manual control box. The whole system stable and reliable and can meet the needs of underwater welding.

Topic: Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The emerging role of mast cells in liver disease

The depth of our knowledge regarding mast cells has widened exponentially in the last 20 years. Once thought to be only important for allergy-mediated events, mast cells are now recognized to be important regulators of a number of pathological processes. The revelation that mast cells can influence organs, tissues, and cells has increased interest in mast cell research during liver disease. The purpose of this review is to refresh the reader’s knowledge of the development, type, and location of mast cells and to review recent work that demonstrates the role of hepatic mast cells during diseased states. This review focuses primarily on liver diseases and mast cells during autoimmune disease, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, liver cancer, and aging in the liver. Overall, these studies demonstrate the potential role of mast cells in disease progression.

Topic: Mast cells and histamine
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The<i>Marcos</i>Case and Transitional Justice in the Philippines

This chapter explores how the US court judgments and narratives in the Marcos case were mobilized in the Philippines. In the decade following the judgment on liability, victim organizations, elected officials, and the leftist press used the judgment to clarify the historical record and provide evidence of the extent of abuses under Marcos.In addition, when discussing the case, two leading Philippine newspapers offered a narrative about the Marcos regime much more challenging to both the US and to Filipino elites than that offered in US courts. The chapter also explores post-liability proceedings, and their conflict with the Philippine Republic's policy of agrarian reform in the post-Marcos era. This conflict was resolved in 2013 through the enactment of a law providing reparations and recognition to victims of the Martial Law regime. Though the reparations law was initially conceived as a way to enforce the ATS judgment and was accordingly limited to narrow categories of abuse, following parliamentary debates its scope was extended to cover a broader range of victims whose stories are being recorded for the first time. In addition, the reparations legislation has triggered and strengthened various governmental and nongovernmental memory and official history projects. The chapter thus traces how in the move from the United States to the Philippines the meaning of the lawsuit was transformed to produce richer public narratives of repression under Marcos.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Occupational accident prevention strategies based on Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) in a selected manufacturing industry / Thurga Devi Uthaya Sooriyan

Behavior based safety is defined as an observation made on a particular employee to identify the level of safety practice concern when they perform a job. his study was conducted on the rubber manufacturing industry in Meru, Klang. This study was based on a three-month pilot test observation that took place only during working hours. A total of 152 employees were observed. The goal of this study is to discover the high-potential elements that cause workplace accidents in risky acts and conditions. Not only that, but following the pilot test, to provide a procedure on how BBS can be implemented. Each hazard factor and subfactor discussion included cost-effective ideas for preventing or reducing the number of accident instances. In this study, action plans were considered in relation to the needs of the rubber manufacturing business, and statistical output was analyzed. Due of mischievous behavior, safety behavior is acknowledged to be a main source of accident occurrence. Therefore, several strategies were provided and discussed for a long-term benefit with a slow in progress period. Highly encouraged to conduct safety trainings and frequent assemblies to highlight the importance of safety practice. As for the cost-effective solution for the data collected in this study has been proposed to set up a system which can help to record data’s and to monitor improvements. Safety committees are encouraged to set up an inhouse system for non-conformance tracking and rectifications. For future studies, research study can be done on developing a BBS predictive analytical dashboard system to predict the future outcome hazards and to work on the possible solutions for the hazards.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trajectories of Concurrent Substance Use Disorders: A Developmental, Typological Approach to Comorbidity

Background: Although alcohol and tobacco use disorders are highly comorbid, little is known regarding the combined course of these disorders. Methods: The current study utilized latent class analysis to examine longitudinal patterns of alcohol–tobacco use disorder comorbidity. Participants were 449 young adults (baseline age, 18.5 years; 48% male; 51% with paternal history of alcoholism) assessed five times over 7 years. Results: Five longitudinal types of alcohol or tobacco use disorder over time were identified: nondiagnosing; developmentally limited alcohol use disorder; chronic alcohol use disorder; chronic tobacco use disorder; and comorbid alcohol and tobacco use disorder. These typologies were distinguishable on the basis of family history of alcoholism status and sex. Etiologically important third variables (alcohol expectancies, behavioral undercontrol, childhood stressors) mediated the relation between family history and the latent classes. Conclusions: Characterizations of alcohol use disorders typically fail to consider important sources of heterogeneity such as course or comorbidity. By simultaneously modeling developmental course and comorbidity with tobacco dependence, we were able to identify distinct trajectories of single and concurrent substance use disorders. Such multi-substance trajectories represent meaningful subtypes that, although sharing substantial common influences, have unique etiologic correlates. Additionally, these subtypes might represent distinct groups from the perspective of intervention strategies.

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Manifestation of false Developmental Reprogramming in adult age: Faulty Hormonal Imprinting and DOHaD.

The paper calls attention to the similarities between hormonal imprinting (published in 1980 by Biological Reviews of Cambridge Philosophical Society as well as in Horm Metab Res, 1984; and DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Disease), published in 1986 by Lancet. Both theories point to a relationship between an event (reprogramming) during ontogenetic development and the manifestation of an alteration (disease) in adult age. Hormonal imprinting and its faulty variants had been justified in animal experiments, while DOHaD were verified using epidemiological-statistical analyses. The two theories supplement and support each other. For faulty imprinting only the encounter between the developing hormone receptor and the target hormone (imprinter) is needed at critical periods of development (perinatally, during adolescence or during differentiation of adult cells) , whilst DOHaD (in the present standpoint) requests the pathological state perinatally, as provocator. In addition to the original -perinatal- observations especially important the observation and registration of the non-perinatal (pubertal and adult) provocations. The precognition of both theories by doctors seems to be necessary at present and even more in the future, as the amount and variants of man-made synthetic molecules (e.g endocrine disruptors) are extremely growing in the human environment and their presence in the critical developmental periods of man can explain the proliferation of non-communicable diseases.

Topic: Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The release rate and antimicrobial activity of calcium‐alginate films containing self‐microemulsifying <scp><i>Thymus vulgaris</i></scp> essential oil against <scp><i>Escherichia coli</i></scp> and <scp><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></scp>

Abstract The aim of this study was to fabricate antimicrobial calcium‐alginate‐based films containing the self‐microemulsifying thyme essential oil (TEO) formulations using Tween 80 as the surfactant, and acetic (AA) or propionic (PA) acids as the cosurfactants. A Ca‐alginate film containing nano‐emulsified TEO as well as a neat Ca‐alginate film were considered as the controls. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed a highly porous texture for SME films, which resulted in an increase in water vapor permeability and water absorption capacity of these films. The SME films released the TEO completely within 155 min and inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli in in vitro antimicrobial tests. The population of S. aureus and E. coli reduced significantly in ground beef covered with SME films. The results of this study showed that self‐microemulsifying TEO films could effectively increase the shelf life of ground beef by controlling its microbial population.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Propagation of fungi in the soils: A case study of scientific experimental fields of forestry of Tashkent region

Abstract The sphere of forestry in our republic is developing in the current years. For the purpose of landscaping the territory of our country, reproduction and cultivation of virginia firs, abina firs, pine species, cypress trees, eastern biota, western camel, spruce and other deciduous trees from coniferous trees is widely established. These ornamental trees differ from other ornamental trees and shrubs in their heat–cold, drought resistance. Different landscapes and forest trees are initially planted in germination plants and seedlings from their seeds. In Uzbekistan, diseases of decorative and forest trees, especially their diseases in the germination period, have almost not been studied. The fact that many different diseases are encountered in landscape trees in recent years is known from different sources. The article provides information on the influence of the seasons on the spread of fungi that have appeared on the soil of some plantations and seedlings in Tashkent region.

Topic: Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Balance between pollination and parthenocarpy in the pear (Pyrus communis) variety Conference

Pear is the second fruit growing in Belgium and the variety Conference represents 90% of the Belgian production. Pear tree (Pyrus communis) is a self-incompatible species and requires inter-variety cross-pollination to develop fruits. Hives are often settled in the orchards to facilitate pollination and allow a better fruit size production. However honeybees seem not really attracted by pear flowers and no accurate study of pear tree pollination by insects has been conducted. Moreover, pear tree blooming occurs early in the spring and could be subjected to frost events. Parthenocarpy induction by spraying plant hormones, mainly gibberellins, is a common practice in orchards and allows achieving sufficient yield even under climatically unfavorable spring conditions. No precise study has been carried on to determine the most efficient hormones (gibberellins, cytokinins,â¦), the moment of their application and the required amounts to apply. Our work aims to better highlight the pear tree reproduction and focuses on the pollination and parthenocarpy processes in the Conference variety.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Constraints on continental growth models from Nb/U ratios in the 3.5 Ga Barbarton and other Archaean basalt-komatiite suites

The average Nb/U ratio of modern mid-ocean ridge and oceanic island basalts (MORBs and OIBs) is 47 compared with 34 for the primitive mantle and this difference is attributed to the separation of the continental crust from the mantle. Variation in the Nb/U ratio in basalts of different ages can therefore be used to identify the time at which the bulk of the continental crust separated from the mantle. This study reports Nb/U ratios for a suite of 3.5 Ga basalts and komatiites from the Barberton Mountain Land in South Africa, the oldest well-preserved, basalt-komatiite suite, and compares the results with published Nb/U ratios for other Archaean basalt-komatiite suites. The average Nb/U of the Barberton basalts and komatiites is 43, which is essentially the same as the average of all of the other Archaean basalt-komatiite suites (42). These values can be used to calculate the total amount of continental crust extracted from the mantle source region of these magmas as a percentage of the amount extracted from the modern mantle. The values obtained are 75 percent for the source region to the Barberton basalts and 70 percent for the average source region of all of the Archaean basalt-komatiite suites considered in this study. The lack of systematic variation in Nb/U through the Archaean precludes the possibility that the late Archaean was a period of rapid growth of continental crust. The rate of growth of the continental crust can be further constrained by the observation that Nb/U in the modern MORB and OIB sources are the same. This requires that the net rate of increase in the mass of the continental crust was negligible over the last 1.5 billion years. Finally, Nd and Hf model ages of Earth's oldest sediments, and the rarity of zircons older than 4.0 Ga in these rocks, indicate that little continental crust formed between 4.5 to 4.0 Ga. Taken together these constraints suggest that 4.5 to 4.0 Ga was a period of slow growth for the continental crust and that it was followed by a period of rapid growth between 4.0 and 3.0 Ga, with approximately 70 percent of the continental crust having formed by the end of that period. Crustal growth was again slow between 2.5 and 0 Ga and may have reached a steady state, with no net increase in the mass of continental crust during that period. If the average age of the preserved continental crust of 1.4 to 1.8 Ga, based on Nd model ages of modern sediments, is correct, much of the 70 percent of the continental crust that had formed by 3.0 Ga most have been destroyed by recycling through the mantle. The rate of recycling required is substantial but less than that envisaged by Armstrong (1968, 1991), especially between 4.5 and 4.0 Ga.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Decompositions of Periodic Matrices into a Sum of Special Matrices

We study the problem of when a periodic square matrix of order $n$ over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{F}$ is decomposable into the sum of a square-zero matrix and a torsion matrix, and show that this decomposition can always be obtained for matrices of rank at least $\frac n2$ when $\mathbb{F}$ is either a field of prime characteristic, or the field of rational numbers, or an algebraically closed field of zero characteristic. We also provide a counterexample to such a decomposition when $\mathbb{F}$ equals the field of the real numbers. Moreover, we prove that each periodic square matrix over any field is a sum of an idempotent matrix and a torsion matrix.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
High-Throughput Metabolomics using 96-plex Isotope Tagging

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics suffers from extended duty cycles and matrix-dependent quantitation. Chemical tags with 96 unique masses are reported, which alleviate the metabolomic workflow bottleneck and allow for absolute quantitation. A metabolic screen for carboxylic acids was performed on mammalian cells deprived of various nutrients and showed 24% RSD and analysis of 288 samples in 2 h.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A STUDY ON CAUSES OF CRACKS ON A CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE LINING

場所打ちライニング工法を用い,山岳部洪積地盤において新幹線複線断面トンネルの施工を行った.施工の結果,場所打ちライニングコンクリートに,トンネル掘進方向に対し一定の角度を有するクラックが確認された.クラックは流砂を伴わず,設計上許容されるものであったが,クラックとそれに伴う湧水を低減することは,場所打ちライニング工法の適用範囲を広げるために,今後,重要な課題となる.そこで,本研究では,ラーメン構造の八角形リングを掘進方向にばねで接続し,ライニング外周にばねを配置して地盤内の内型枠とライニングコンクリートをモデル化した三次元解析を実施した.さらに解析結果と施工結果を比較して,クラックの発生要因を考察した.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Farmland sales under returns and price uncertainty

This paper investigates the observed heterogeneity in the liquidity of agricultural land markets. We adopt a real options model to determine the value of an opportunity to sell farmland and derive the optimal disinvestment triggers. A proportional hazards model is applied to estimate the duration between land sales in Germany and test the implications of the real options model. In contrast to expectations, we find an ambiguous effect of returns and price volatility on the optimal timing of land sales. There is no evidence that non-agricultural investors buy and sell land more frequently than farmers. Our results contribute to the current discussion on land market regulations, one major point of which is capping land prices. According to our results, such policies could increase the rent–price ratio and thus discourage land sales. In turn, the land supply would be reduced, causing further price pressure on farmland markets.

Topic: Capital Investment and Risk Analysis
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences