jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EEA stapler in low anterior anastomosis

Preservation of the anal sphincter is a goal of all surgeons treating colorectal malignancies. In the hands of many, transsacral and low anterior resections with end-to-end anastomosis have been associated with high morbidity and leakage. The EEA stapler represents an alternative in re-establishing bowel continuity. Fifty-eight patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were treated over a three-year period at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Forty-nine procedures judged to be curative and nine, palliative. All patients had an EEA stapler introduced through the anus. No protective colostomies were needed. No case of clinically significant anastomotic leakage was seen. Minor spotting or bleeding was documented, but no patient required blood transfusions. Two patients developed constipation; 16 patients had temporary soiling, two had prolonged soiling. Frank incontinence was not observed. The EEA stapler is an evolutionary instrument derived from the Russian PKS model. It is safe, reliable, and simple to operate. With adequate training of the surgeon, precious time can be saved. Intraoperative sigmoidoscopies, as well as postoperative barium enema examinations, were not needed. Gaps in the stapled anastomotic line (when present) were easily repaired. It is too early to tell whether anastomotic and local recurrence rates will increase, as more sphincter-saving procedures are performed. Five-year follow up is crucial to establish criteria for the use of the EEA stapler.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
All-general elections of student's self-government in educational institutions of higher and professional education as a direct way of the Russian Federation legal society development

The article discusses the election of bodies of student self-government in educational institutions of higher and professional education, which can contribute to the development of civil society in Russia. While considering this issue the author used the experience of all-Russian public organizations engaged in student self-government. The executive elections are already being considering according to the submitted scheme in various educational institutions. Creation of all conditions for the election process will allow students to develop a sense of civic responsibility.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A new two-sample test for choosing between log-rank and Wilcoxon tests with right-censored data

When differences of survival functions are located in early time, a Wilcoxon test is the best test, but when differences of survival functions are located in late time, using a log-rank test is better. Therefore, a researcher needs a stable test in these situations. In this paper, a new two-sample test is proposed and considered. This test is distribution-free. This test is useful for choosing between log-rank and Wilcoxon tests. Its power is roughly the maximal power of the log-rank test and Wilcoxon test.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia showed positive correlation in women with primary and secondary infertility

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common problem which is encountered in reproductive disorder. Hyperprolactinemia is usually associated with menstrual and ovulatory disorders like amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, anovulation, ovulatory cycle with short or inadequate luteal phase and galactorrhea. Hypothyroidism may also cause failure to ovulation in women of reproductive age group. This study has been conducted to correlate prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in primary and secondary infertility.Methods: The study comprises of 120 female subjects, which were divided into three groups-healthy control women (group 1), women with primary infertility (group 2) and secondary infertility (group 3). Fasting blood samples were collected between 7 AM to 8 AM. Hormones T3, T4, TSH and prolactin levels were estimated by enzyme linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA) method in all the study subjects.Results: In the present study there was a positive correlation of hyperprolctinemia with hypothyroidism in both primary and secondary infertile women.Conclusions: Hence it is recommended to screen serum prolactin levels along with thyroid hormones screening in women with infertility problems.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anthropology and learning

It is often said that learning, as an aspect of knowledge acquisition and transmission, is at the very core of the anthropological discipline and the concept of culture (Friedman-Hansen, 1982: 189; Lave, 1982). While specific anthropological attention to learning is relatively recent, anthropology's broader concern with the ways in which individuals acquire the skills, practices, values and beliefs that enable them to become productive participants in their society takes many forms and dates back to the early stages of the discipline. Anthropological theories on learning are as varied as the discipline itself, encompassing perspectives fromevolutionary and biological anthropology (Bock, 2010; Flinn and Ward, 2005; McElreath, 2004; Leigh, 2001), linguistics and archeology (Locke and Bogin, 2006; King, 1999; Ochs, 1998; Schieffelin and Ochs, 1986; Crown, 2010, 2007), and socio-cultural anthropology (Lave and Wenger, 1991; Comitas and Dolgin, 1978; Wolcott, 1982). While these sub-disciplines bring a range of theoretical conceptualizations to the issue of learning, they also share common assumptions about anthropology's approach to learning. These commonalities will be considered in the final section of this chapter. This chapter will focus on the perspective from cultural and social anthropology, whose initial engage-ment with the issue of learning has been hugely influenced by research in psychology. A brief overview of the theoretical trends and approaches that have informed and shaped anthropology's interest in learning will be followed by an examination of some of the key issues and concerns that underpin anthropology's contemporary engagement with the issue of learning.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Asymptotically Near-Optimal RRT for Fast, High-Quality Motion Planning

We present lower bound tree-RRT (LBT-RRT), a single-query sampling-based motion-planning algorithm that is asymptotically near-optimal. Namely, the solution extracted from LBT-RRT converges to a solution that is within an approximation factor of 1 + ε of the optimal solution. Our algorithm allows for a continuous interpolation between the fast RRT algorithm and the asymptotically optimal RRT* and RRG algorithms when the cost function is the path length. When the approximation factor is 1 (i.e., no approximation is allowed), LBT-RRT behaves like RRG. When the approximation factor is unbounded, LBT-RRT behaves like RRT. In between, LBT-RRT is shown to produce paths that have higher quality than RRT would produce and run faster than RRT* would run. This is done by maintaining a tree that is a subgraph of the RRG roadmap and a second, auxiliary graph, which we call the lower-bound graph. The combination of the two roadmaps, which is faster to maintain than the roadmap maintained by RRT*, efficiently guarantees asymptotic near-optimality. We suggest to use LBT-RRT for high-quality anytime motion planning. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for scenarios ranging from 3 to 12 degrees of freedom and show that even for small approximation factors, the algorithm produces high-quality solutions (comparable with RRG and RRT*) with little running-time overhead when compared with RRT.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
MiFID 2.0: Casting New Light on Europe's Capital Markets: Report of the ECMI-CEPS Task Force on the MiFID Review

In a context of growing uncertainty about the future of Europe's capital markets, the review of a fundamental piece of legislation such as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) offers a significant opportunity to strengthen the role of the internal market and to regain investors' confidence. MiFID regulates investment services across the 27 member states of the European Union plus Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. It has changed the landscape of European capital markets in many ways, leading to a more competitive environment, huge investments in technologies, and greater investor protection. It has at the same time brought the EU and the U.S. markets closer together. This timely, well-documented report finds that the review of MiFID should clarify intended scopes, fill gaps in the legal text, and harmonize supervisory practices among member states. It should also make sure that the benefits of a new competitive environment are spread along the value chain and passed on to the final users, both retail and wholesale investors.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Numerical and experimental investigation of preform design for hot forging of an aerofoil blade

A numerical and experimental investigation of preform design for hot forging of an aerofoil blade is presented in this paper. The preform design for non-isothermal forging of a gas-turbine compressor blade is studied. Simulation of the forging operation is presented for comparison with experimental results. First, the forging process is simulated using a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method (FEM). Then, the preform shape is investigated using numerical simulations and experimental tests. Results show that the preform shape has an important role in its positioning within the die cavity during the forging operation. For the blade forging process, a preform with a quadrilateral root section, which causes the preform to be securely constrained in the die cavity, is suggested.

Topic: Metallurgy and Material Forming
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spectra of filtered click stimuli used to evoke acoustic brainstem responses

Re-determination of the spectra for filtered click stimuli used by Klein and Teas [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1887–1895 (1978)] and by Kramer and Teas [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 446–455 (1979)] with improved instrumentation showed minor differences from the previously published data. The differences are discussed briefly.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Nematodes of the genus <i>Tylenchorhynchus</i> (Tylenchoidea:Nematoda) from the Canadian high Arctic

Three species belonging to the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913, including two new species, are recorded from the Canadian high Arctic. Tylenchorhynchus arcticus n. sp., T. parobscurus n. sp., and T. leptus Allen, 1955 are illustrated and described.

Topic: Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of meditation on mindfulness and happiness

Meditation has been linked to increased levels of happiness. Meditation is broken down into two types: focused attention meditation and mindfulness meditation. The current study sought to examine the relationship between meditation and two different types of happiness: subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB). Research has shown that mindfulness may be a mediator underlying this relationship; meditation may lead to increased levels of mindfulness, which may, in turn, lead to increased levels of happiness. I hypothesized that individuals exposed to mindfulness meditation will demonstrate increased levels of SWB. Also, I predicted that mindfulness would mediate the relationship between mindfulness meditation and SWB. To test this, participants were exposed to meditation and their levels of happiness and mindfulness measured. Contrary to my hypotheses, a one time meditation session had no significant effect on participants’ level of SWB or state mindfulness.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
You’re the emotional one: the role of perspective for emotion processing in reading comprehension

Two experiments were conducted to explore whether perspective influences the way readers engage with and process emotional information while reading. Texts presenting characters in an emotional situation from either a personal or an onlooker perspective were presented and reading times were measured for each sentence. Participants also provided emotional self-ratings after reading. In the first experiment, positive texts were processed with greater ease, especially when readers experienced the texts from a personal perspective. In Experiment 2, an emotional match/mismatch was inserted so that a final explicit emotion word either matched or mismatched the emotional valence of the text. Mismatch effects were stronger and more consistent for the personal perspective. The two experiments provide evidence that the perspective of the reader can influence emotion processing. Processing of emotional information was easier for the personal perspective, and readers were more sensitive to inconsistent emotional information from that perspective.

Topic: Media Influence and Health
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Focusing blow-up for quasilinear parabolic equations

We study the behaviour of the non-negative blowing up solutions to the quasilinear parabolic equation with a typical reaction–diffusion right-hand side and with a singularity in the space variable which takes the form where m ≧ 1, p &gt; 1 are arbitrary constants, in the critical exponent case q = ( p –1)/ m &gt; 0. We impose zero Dirichlet boundary conditions at the singular point x = 0 and at x = 1, and take large initial data. For a class of ‘concave’ initial functions, we prove focusing at the origin of the solutions as t approaches the blow-up time T in the sense that x = 0 belongs to the blow-up set. The proof is based on an application of the intersection comparison method with an explicit ‘separable’ solution which has the same blow-up time as u . The method has a natural generalisation to the case of more general nonlinearities in the equation. A description of different fine structures of blow-up patterns in the semilinear case m = 1 and in the quasilinear one m &gt; 1 is also presented. A numerical study of the semilinear equation is also made using an adaptive collocation method. This is shown to give very close agreement with the fine structure predicted and allows us to make some conjectures about the general behaviour.

Topic: Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Intestinal commensal microbes, called the gut microbiota, play a critical role in host immune homeostasis through active microbial metabolites and innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysbiosis or imbalance of the gut microbiota composition is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have been increasing worldwide. It is well recognized that butyrate, a microbial metabolite of diet fibers, is a major energy source for colonocytes and plays a crucial role in regulating immune function and maintaining epithelial barrier function and intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate might be a potential therapeutic agent to treat IBD. In this review, we discuss about gut microbial metabolites, particularly butyrate, the synthesis and metabolism of butyrate, mechanisms of butyrate in immune and epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, we review the current research on various therapeutic implications of butyrate in IBD.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ANALISIS KEPUASAN KERJA BUMN DI INDONESIA : STUDI DAMPAK FAKTOR QUALITY OF WORK LIFE

Human resources is able to determine the advance or retreat of an organization and plays an important role in the success of any organization. One of the main problems in human resource management is how to find the best way to achieve employee satisfaction. One way to measure the level of employee satisfaction is to know the feelings of employees towards aspects of the job (Quality of Work Life). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of quality of work life on job satisfaction of employees of PT A. The method used is a mix method. Data analysis techniques used simple linear regression. The results of the research show that the influence of quality of work life on job satisfaction is included in the strong category with the value of the contribution amounted to 60.84%, meaning that if the quality of work life better then it will improve job satisfaction. Quality of work life is an attempt to achieve self-satisfaction and a work environment that is optimal. If job satisfaction is low will have a negative impact on PT. A such as morale decreases, productivity is low and leads to a social environment that is not healthy as well as declining employee performance.

Topic: Employee Performance and Management
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Bacterial Contaminant in Pasir Gudang, Johor Tap Water Supply–Varies pH Value Observation

The number of breakthrough pathogenic activity in water distribution network system is constantly increasing day by day especially at level of consumption. Bacterial growth or survival rate often relates to acidity and alkalinity of water. Sudden changes in pH value and temperature indicates a possibility of present bacterial contaminant in aqueous environment. The observation of pH- and temperature-based for tap water supply samples in Pasir Gudang regions therefore was determined. On the basis of the findings, the observed pH value was compared to the recommended range for pH tap and drinking water, which is between 6.5-8.5. A significant spread can be seen among the measured parameters within the range of pH and temperature at 6.00 to 8.65 and 19.20 to 32.00 °C, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference between each sampling regions based on the measured pH value (  44.79,  determined by one-way ANOVA. The pH value and temperature evidence a significant effects by the location of tap water samples near industrial regions. There also appears to be a negative Pearson correlation between the two water parameters in four out of five regions.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1‐AS1/miR‐499a‐5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway

Abstract Increasing evidence has suggested that gliomas can supply blood through vasculogenic mimicry. In this study, the expression and function of ZNRD1‐AS1‐144aa‐uORF (144aa‐uORF) and some non‐coding RNAs in gliomas were assessed. Real‐time quantitative PCR or Western blot was used to discover the expression of 144aa‐uORF, ZNRD1‐AS1, miR‐499a‐5p, ELF1 and EMI1 in gliomas. In addition, RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to explore the interrelationship between 144aa‐uORF and ZNRD1‐AS1. The role of the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis in vasculogenic mimicry formation of gliomas was analysed. This study illustrates the reduced expression of the 144aa‐uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Up‐regulation of 144aa‐uORF inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation within glioma cells. The up‐regulated 144aa‐uORF can increase the degradation of ZNRD1‐AS1 through the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. Knockdown of ZNRD1‐AS1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells by modulating miR‐499a‐5p. At the same time, miR‐499a‐5p is down‐regulated and has a tumour‐suppressive effect in gliomas. In addition, ZNRD1‐AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the expression of ELF1 by binding to miR‐499a‐5p. Notably, ELF1 binds to the promoter region of EMI1 and up‐regulates EMI1 expression, while simultaneously promoting vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells. This study suggests that the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis takes key part in regulating the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in gliomas and may provide a potential target for glioma treatment.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Voicing the Puppet: Accommodating Unresolved Institutional Tensions in Digital Open Practices

This paper examines managerial control and the tensions caused by digital open practices. Drawing on qualitative interviews with managers of a prominent Swedish newspaper corporation, we apply the theoretical lens of institutional logics to analyse the institutional tensions stemming from pressure to integrate user-generated content, and the strategies for managing multiple logics that emerge as a result. Specifically, by linking managerial control to the logics of ‘profession’, the ‘market’ and the ‘corporation’, we use the concept of ventriloquism to show how managers recreate professional legitimacy when handling digital open practices by letting the corporate logic mimic the values of the profession. The study at hand contributes to the understanding of how digital open practices leverage managerial and corporate control, and the consequences thereof, and how the newspaper industry still has not fully managed to reconcile with user-generated content. Prior research is inconclusive as to whether digital open practices increase or decrease managerial control. This study concludes that framing the market logic in digital media exerts pressure on managers to find a defensive compromise to cope with unresolved tensions between the corporate and professional logics.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Frame rate up-conversion using nonparametric estimator

In some applications such as digital video broadcasting, video is transmitted over a low capacity channel with lower frame rates. The lower the frame rate, the jerkier or unevener the video motion would be noticed. To solve this problem, frame rate up conversion (FRUC) is employed to increase the frame rate. In this paper, we propose a new FRUC method using the nonlocal-means estimator. In this method, a pixel is reconstructed as a weighted linear combination of pixel pairs in its adjacent frames. The pixels of each pair are temporally symmetric from the view point of the pixel being interpolated. The weights are calculated based on the self-similarity assumption. To reduce the computational complexity, we calculate the weights of linear combination for each super-pixel. Experimental results show the superior performance of our proposed method in comparison to the existing methods.

Topic: Advanced Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences