jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Aberrant Expression of Mucin Core Proteins and O-Linked Glycans Associated with Progression of Pancreatic Cancer

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Mucin expression is a common feature of most adenocarcinomas and features prominently in current attempts to improve diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer and other adenocarcinomas. We investigated the expression of a number of mucin core proteins and associated O-linked glycans expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma—sialyl Tn (STn), Tn, T antigen, sialyl Lewis A (CA19-9), sialyl Lewis C (SLeC), Lewis X (LeX), and sialyl LeX (SLeX)—during the progression of pancreatic cancer from early stages to metastatic disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Immunohistochemical analyses of mucin and associated glycan expression on primary tumor and liver metastatic tumor samples were conducted with matched sets of tissues from 40 autopsy patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 14 surgically resected tissue samples, and 8 normal pancreata.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There were significant changes in mucin expression patterns throughout disease progression. MUC1 and MUC4 were differentially glycosylated as the disease progressed from early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias to metastatic disease. &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; expression of several mucins correlated with increased metastasis indicating a potentially more invasive phenotype, and we show the expression of MUC6 in acinar cells undergoing acinar to ductal metaplasia. A “cancer field-effect” that included changes in mucin protein expression and glycosylation in the adjacent normal pancreas was also seen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; There are significant alterations in mucin expression and posttranslational processing during progression of pancreatic cancer from early lesions to metastasis. The results are presented in the context of how mucins influence the biology of tumor cells and their microenvironment during progression of pancreatic cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 1981–93. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design study of future 3-D PET systems

Current detector technology based on BGO block-detectors is capable of achieving an intrinsic resolution of 3-4 mm. In order to fully utilize this high resolution, 3-D acquisition techniques are necessary resulting in an improved sensitivity of 6-7, compared to 2D technology. However, dead time problems start to get severe at administered doses 3-5 times lower than previously met in 2-D. In this work, the trade-off between the sensitivity increase given in 3-D at different system geometries and the noise increase due to system count rate limitations and random coincidences is studied, Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the amount of true, scatter and random coincidences have been estimated within a wide range of geometries. With a simple dead time model for the data collection system we have investigated if an optimized geometry can be found for brain function studies. The optimization is, as expected, not unique but is strongly dependent on the administered amount of activity as well as the choice of the dead time parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Notes for the Immune Responses in Neonates: Commonly Expected Dampening of the Type-1 Associated Immunity during BCG Vaccination

We have read with great interest the review paper by Marchant and Goldman [1] which describes the remarkable developmental and functional mechanisms of the human neonatal immune system. Several aspects of the comparison between adult and neonate characteristics have been described, with significant attention paid to the rapid maturity of the neonatal immunity. In one comparison, the authors emphasize the newborn’s characteristic of exhibiting increased susceptibility to infectious agents. This may be related to the natural dampening of the Th-1 associated immune response. Following from that, neonatal T cells exhibit similar or even stronger Th-1 immune responses to certain vaccines, such as the BCG vaccination, compared to adult responses [2]. It has been speculated that the expected drop in the polarized type-1 immune responses reflects the generalized hypofunction of inflammatory and immune mechanisms in a number of protective systems, which significantly increases the risk of infection in this exposed population. However, during development the neonatal immune system is constantly maturing, since it is a continuous process where both accelerated and retarded development is deleterious [2].

Topic: Immune responses and vaccinations
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of anorectal atresia: multicenter analysis

A retrospective analysis of 36 cases of prenatal diagnosed of anorectal atresia at 11–14 weeks of gestation is presented. The median gestational age at examination was 12+4 (range, 11+2–16+1) weeks. Pelvic translucency (abnormal ellipsoid anechogenic translucency in the fetal pelvis) was identified 39 cases, including 94,4 % (34/36) cases with anorectal atresia. There was 3 false-positive case, in which the anus was anatomically and functionally normal. The pelvic translucency seems to be a highly sensitive and specific sonographic marker for anorectal atresia at 11–14 weeks of gestation.

Topic: Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Treatment Compliance and Recidivism: Following Up on the 2000 Illinois Juvenile Probation Outcome Study

This study examines the relationship between demographics, treatment completion, and recidivism in a cohort of Illinois juveniles discharged from probation. The current study expands on prior research through the examination of recidivism both while on supervision as well as ten years after discharge. Results indicate that while treatment completion is predictive of on-probation arrests, other factors appear to be stronger predictors of post-probation recidivism. The analyses also provide a baseline to examine the impact of the conditions of probation prior to the implementation of substantive reforms to probation practices in Illinois in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Thus, the findings presented here can be viewed as the outcomes of juvenile probation sentences prior to these substantive changes, and can be used in future outcome assessments of juvenile probation in Illinois to gauge the impact of these reforms.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Semantic and Stylistic Features of Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime: The Art of    Seeing and Describing an Object

Immanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime is examined in the context of the emergence of the epistemological practice of scientific observation. By focusing on the genre-stylistic and semantic-structural features of the text the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of observation as well as the methods of describing the results characteristic of mid-eighteenth century science. The authors consider Kant’s treatise to be a hybrid text: on the one hand, it attests to the importance of the natural science paradigm and the degree of its influence on the humanities in the modern period; and, on the other hand, it bears witness to the multi-genre character of philosophical treatises, combining as they do the considered and serious wisdom of philosophy, the precision of scientific terminology and the figurativeness of a work of fiction. Kant is perceived not only as a researcher and philosopher capable of bringing out the essence of the particular and changeable captured in observation, but as a writer with a consummate command of the apparatus for keeping the reader’s attention through linguistic devices and practices of image-creating. The authors demonstrate how the categories of the “beautiful” and “sublime” become a general framework for the description of the moral and mental properties of human nature. The authors show that Kant’s use of “aesthetic” wording in the title of his treatise does not announce that his aim is analysis of artistic perception and practices, but mainly refers to the form of his anthropological study and conceptualisation of scientific knowledge. Kant has transferred the technique of visualisation from natural sciences to the objects of philosophical inquiry, thus contributing to the development in the humanities of representative practices, the scientific method of observation as well as the corresponding epistemic and literary genre.

Topic: Visual Culture and Art Theory
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Heart sounds analysis in joint time-frequency domain

Proposes a new technique of signal processing in joint time-frequency domain as resonance time-frequency analysis for analysis of heart sounds. Generated by mechanical vibration of the heart and cardiovascular system, heart sounds provide abundant physiological information, while the measurement is noninvasive and low cost. The resonance enemy distribution defined here exhibits clearly how signal frequency contents change in time, and can be calculated by a fast algorithm. Applications of this technique to heart sounds analysis show that the frequency contents in the first heart sound S1 and the second heart sound S2 are centred mainly from 100 Hz to 130 Hz while the frequency contents in systolic "kala" murmurs mainly distribute discontinuously from 90 Hz to 210 Hz. This technique is helpful for estimation of functional heart state and diagnosis of heart diseases in clinical research.

Topic: Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Irrigation as a disturbance for interstitial crustacean communities in a French Pyrenean alluvial aquifer

\n While the impacts of groundwater contamination on interstitial invertebrate communities are well studied, very few work have examined other potential disturbance resulting from agricultural practices. In the present study, the interstitial crustacean fauna was studied in an alluvial aquifer characterized by intensive cereal irrigation, to test the influence of groundwater extraction on the assemblage characteristics (abundance, diversity, persistence, species distribution patterns). Micro- and macrocrustaceans were sampled at 4 seasons in 15 wells with contrasted groundwater use (cereal irrigation / domestic use / no groundwater use) scattered over a 250 km2 alluvial floodplain. The aquifer harbored diverse assemblages dominated numerically and specifically by cyclopoids. Total abundance, diversity expressed using species richness or Shannon index, overall persistence in species composition did not vary between stations whether micro- or macrocrustaceans were considered. Yet, marked differences in the cyclopoids assemblages composition were found in relation to groundwater utilization. Disturbed irrigation wells were dominated by epigean species, while hypogean species were mainly found in less impacted domestic wells. In contrast, amphipods/isopods did not exhibit particular assemblages composition between irrigation, domestic or abandoned wells. The differential responses between micro- / macrocrustaceans, epigean / hypogean species emphasized that levels of disturbance are strongly taxondependent. At the scale of the aquifer, these results suggest that groundwater extraction resulting from intensive irrigation has to be considered as a potential disturbance for the interstitial communities.\n

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design of Robust Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Based on Low-Rank and Cross-Correlation Techniques

This work presents cost-effective low-rank techniques for designing robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) algorithms. The proposed algorithms are based on the exploitation of the cross-correlation between the array observation data and the output of the beamformer. Firstly, we construct a general linear equation considered in large dimensions whose solution yields the steering vector mismatch. Then, we employ the idea of the full orthogonalization method (FOM), an orthogonal Krylov subspace based method, to iteratively estimate the steering vector mismatch in a reduced-dimensional subspace, resulting in the proposed orthogonal Krylov subspace projection mismatch estimation (OKSPME) method. We also devise adaptive algorithms based on stochastic gradient (SG) and conjugate gradient (CG) techniques to update the beamforming weights with low complexity and avoid any costly matrix inversion. The main advantages of the proposed low-rank and mismatch estimation techniques are their cost-effectiveness when dealing with high dimension subspaces or large sensor arrays. Simulations results show excellent performance in terms of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the beamformer among all the compared RAB methods.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Connective Tissue Pathologies: Radiologic Features

Introduction: The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an important part in the diagnostic approach of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) by providing detailed information on the elementary lesion and the radiological pattern of ILD. Aim: to point out the role of HRCT in the diagnosis of ILD associated with CTD (ILD-CTD). Methods: A Retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2008 and 2017. Data of 24 patients presenting ILD-CTD were collected. A review of HRCT was performed by a radiologist without knowledge of the CTD. Results: Predominant elementary lesion of ILD associated with dermatomyositis (9 cases) was ground glass opacity (n = 9) followed by consolidation (n = 6). Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) was the most reported pattern (5 cases). Ground glass opacity was also the predominant elementary lesion for the 2 cases of scleroderma and in Sj&#246gren's syndrome (4 cases/5). NSIP was the predominant radiological presentation in these two CTD. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia revealed Sj&#246gren's syndrome in one case. In rheumatoid arthritis (6 cases), the elementary HRCT lesions were irregular interlobular septal thickening (n = 4) and honeycombing (n = 4) consistent with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) in 2 cases. Similarly UIP has been described for the 2 patients with lupus and mixed connective tissue disease. Conclusion: HRCT plays an important role in the management of ILD-CTD. Description of the HRCT elementary lesions and the radiological pattern of ILD can be helpful for CTD's diagnosis.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Analysis of the Differences between State Welcome Center Users and Local Visitor Center Users: A Profile of Louisiana Travelers

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the existing body of highway visitor research by investigating differences between visitors to state welcome centers and visitors to local welcome centers. More than 3,000 self-administered questionnaires collected in state and local visitor centers throughout Louisiana were used to differentiate automobile travelers. State visitor center users significantly differed from local center visitors for most behavioral trip characteristics. This study confirms previous findings that users of state welcome centers are not representative of all automobile travelers. States that want to conduct visitor profile studies at welcome centers should include local welcome centers in their studies.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Observations on some Australian forest insects. 12. The taxonomy of Zenarge turned Rohwer (1918) (Hymenoptera: Argidae), the cypress pine sawfly. 13. A comparison of the biology of the cypress pine sawfly subspecies

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

Topic: Fossil Insects in Amber
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The UK Companies Act of 2006 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Purpose The purpose of this article is to investigate whether economic value added (EVA®) is a superior financial performance metric and creates market value added (MVA), as claimed by Stern Stewart and Company, and therefore is consistent with the purpose and intent of the UK Companies Act of 2006 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. If these claims can be sustained, then it could be argued that this valuation metric should form part of the Business Review, Section 417 of the UK Companies Act of 2006, and furthermore it could be an appropriate approach to the attainment of the corporate objective of the UK Companies Act of 2006, Section 172(1). Design/methodology/approach A survey was undertaken of journal articles published in mainstream academic journals from 1997 to 2008 that investigated the claims of Stern Stewart and Company that EVA® was a superior financial performance metric vis-à-vis other well-established accounting and financial metrics. As the empirical evidence in support of these claims was not compelling, the epistemology and methodology of EVA® were examined, and were found to be deficient. Findings There is insufficient supportive evidence to validate the claims of EVA®; furthermore, from the perspective of epistemology and sound research methodology it is not possible to make a robust case for the unqualified use of EVA® in jurisdictions where the UK Companies Act of 2006 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 apply. Directors who make unqualified use of this financial performance metric place themselves at unnecessary risk. Originality/value There is no evidence from the scrutiny of publicly available secondary sources to indicate that the implications of the UK Companies Act of 2006 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the use of the financial performance valuation metric, EVA®, has been previously undertaken or published.

Topic: Financial Reporting and Valuation Research
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
An unusual case of iatrogenic Twiddler's syndrome

Twiddler's syndrome is an uncommon cause of cardiac implantable electronic device malfunction, usually due to manipulation of the pulse generator. A few spontaneous cases have already been described. We present the unique case of a 77-year-old woman who experienced iatrogenic Twiddler's syndrome.

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
777-P: Short-Term Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Treatment Improves Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment (CSII) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, which results in long-term remission. However, the effect of CSII on peripheral neuropathy is rarely studied. Methods: 63 T2DM patients (HbA1c&amp;gt;9%) were hospitalized and treated with CSII for 2 weeks. Peripheral autonomic neuropathy was measured by SUDOSCAN, which provides an age adjusted electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) composite score incorporating hands/feet ESC measurements, with a score ≤60 indicating sudomotor dysfunction. Blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide and SUDOSCAN were measured before and after CSII. HOMA-B was used for assessment of β-cell function. Results: The average HbA1c of included patients was 10.5% with median duration of T2DM was 3.5 years. There were 27 (42.9%) patients who had sudomotor dysfunction at baseline. After 2 weeks of CSII, the proportion of sudomotor dysfunction (42.9% vs. 31.7%, P=0.020) was significantly deceased along with significantly improved HbA1c (10.0±1.9 vs. 8.1±1.0, P&amp;lt;0.001) and HOMA-B [22.0 (IQR 12.1-37.0) vs. 56.9 (IQR 42.4-81.8) , P&amp;lt;0.001]. Correlation analysis revealed that higher ESC composite score was correlated with better HOMA-B after CSII (r=0.445, P=0.015) . Conclusion: Peripheral autonomic neuropathy could be improved by CSII in T2DM. The improvement of β-cell function could be responsible for the amelioration of peripheral nerve function. Keywords: Short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment; peripheral autonomic neuropathy; type 2 diabetes; β-cell function Disclosure J.Jin:None. Funding National Key R&amp;D Program of China (2018YFC1314100) ; the Key-Area Research and Development Program ofGuangdong Province (2019B020230001) ; the China Postdoctoral ScienceFoundation (2018M640871)

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modeling Multistage Flash Desalination Process – Current Status and Future Development

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Issues in MSF Desalination Process State-of-the-Art in Steady-State Modeling of MSF Desalination Process State-of-the-Art in Dynamic Modeling of MSF Desalination Process Case Study Future Challenges Conclusions

Topic: Membrane Separation Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Calcifying Dental Plaque and Reduced Dental Caries in Permanent Molars of Children from Two Guatemalan Villages

This study showed that the presence of calculus and partially calcified dental plaque was associated with a reduction of dental caries of the buccal and lingual surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary first permanent molars in young Guatemalan school-children. Calcified plaques in these areas probably arose from high calcium-containing food deposits.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Food surplus as charitable provision

This chapter discusses how the contemporary food system, marked by corporate concentration, the excessive supply of energy-dense packaged products and resulting in rising volumes of waste, requires, in the 'age of sustainability', new means of disposal. It explores the rise of 'smart app tech entrepreneurs' that serve as intermediaries between suppliers of 'surplus' food and charitable partners willing to distribute this amongst their client base, the 'deserving poor'. The acquisition of foods outside that of the large food retailer surplus redistribution efforts is also prevalent in the Irish context. The global agri-food system has been lauded for its scale, efficiency and capacity to deliver more calories for a lower proportion of consumer spending than ever before, which has shaped the diets of a majority of the world's population. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how these insights will help in developing a more durable case for transitioning towards a commons-based food system.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences