jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Poorer Memory in Middle-Aged Adults from the Healthy Brain Project

Background: Midlife cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are associated with reduced cognition and an increased risk of dementia. Objective: To further investigate this association using remote unsupervised online assessment of cognition and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged adults; and to explore the extent to which the association is altered by carriage of the APOE ɛ4 allele. Methods: The Healthy Brain Project is an online cohort of middle-aged cognitively unimpaired adults (40–70 years) who have undergone cognitive assessment and provided self-reports of demographic and health history. Cardiovascular risk was determined by ascertaining history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, overweight (body mass index≥25), and current cigarette smoking. Participants (n = 2,480) were then grouped based on the number of reported CVRF into no CVRF, 1, 2, and≥3 CVRF. Associations between the number of CVRF as a continuous variable, CVRF group, and each individual CVRF with composite measures of attention, memory and subjective cognitive function were investigated. Results: Higher number of CVRF was associated with poorer attention (β= –0.042, p = 0.039) and memory (β= –0.080, p &lt; 0.001), but not with subjective cognitive function. When considered individually, current smoking (β= –0.400, p = 0.015), diabetes (β= –0.251, p = 0.023), and hypercholesterolemia (β= –0.109, p = 0.044) were independently associated with poorer memory performance. APOE ɛ4 carriers with≥1 CVRF performed worse on memory than ɛ4 carriers with no CVRFs (β(SE) = 0.259(0.077), p = 0.004). This was not observed in ɛ4 non-carriers. Conclusion: In cognitively normal middle-aged adults, CVRF were associated with poorer cognition, particularly in the memory domain. These results support feasibility of online assessment of cardiovascular risk for cognitive impairment.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1069780.09FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Neglected Voices within Urban Village Regeneration as a Historic Urban Landscape: A Case Study of Nantou Village in Shenzhen

Rapid urbanization has resulted in uneven regional development in China's urban villages. As well as providing affordable housing for low-income foreign residents, it also provides income for indigenous residents. Despite this, the government has often been plagued with problems such as poor living conditions, insufficient public services, and illegal construction. Despite its potential for improving environmental quality and bringing economic benefits to urban villages while maintaining urban culture, the Historic Urban Landscape concept remains problematic for a number of reasons. Taking the Nantou Village renovation project as an example, we conducted semi-structured interviews with residents, combining literature review and field observations, with the aim of understanding the actual living conditions and spatial rights of the residents after the project's renovation. As a result of the project, visitors have been attracted, economic benefits have been generated, and the quality of the environment has been improved. Even so, it has not improved the residents' sense of belonging and has neglected to address the issue of high living costs faced by the original low-income residents. To balance excessive increases in rent, the government should either provide affordable housing for low-income foreign populations, or provide differentiated rental products.

Topic: China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Intelligent control law tuning for AIAA controls design challenge

Constrained optimization is used as the basis of the intelligent control law tuning applied to the AIAA Controls Design Challenge. A tuning rule is formulated by translating multiple control system design requirements into a cost function and a set of constraints. During the tuning process, constrained optimization is employed to search for control laws that minimize the cost function subject to the constraints. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the successful applications of the method.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanical Evaluation of a New Sand Control Screen for SAGD Applications

Abstract Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wells typically require the deployment of an open hole completion combining sand control with adequate mechanical strength to withstand: 1) aggressive installation loads—compression, torque, bending—that are characteristic of shallow horizontal wells, and 2) severe operational loads—tension, compression, collapse, burst—caused by a combination of high temperature steam injection and formation collapse around the completion. Historically, slotted liners have been used in Western Canada, primarily because of low cost relative to wire-wrapped screen (WWS) or premium mesh screens. However, slotting base pipe can significantly weaken its mechanical strength, particularly in torsion and collapse, and the slot width can change as the liner deforms under certain load conditions. Reported incidents of mechanical failure and loss of sand control of slotted liners in SAGD wells have generated interest among operators to investigate alternative technologies. A new sand screen has been developed that involves flush-mounting and securing 25.4 mm diameter fusion bonded metal laminate (FBML) cartridges/discs directly into the base pipe wall. The open flow area of the screen, which can be as high as 20% (versus 2.5% for slotted liner), is dictated by the number of inserted discs (holes) per foot. For an equivalent open flow area, drilling holes in the base pipe is less detrimental to the mechanical strength of the liner than cutting slots. This new geometry results in a sand screen that is cost competitive to slotted liner on a same-open-flow-area basis, significantly stronger, and comparable to a premium mesh screen in terms of sand retention performance. To independently quantify the mechanical strength and integrity of this new screen for SAGD, an extensive Finite Element Analysis study was performed on 177.8 mm (7"), 38.7 kg/m (26 lb/ft), L80 base pipe for two different hole densities and various single loads, combined loads and thermal cycling. The results, as presented herein, demonstrate that inserting FBML discs into base pipes does not significantly weaken it compared to cutting slots. A stand alone screen (SAS) with almost four times the open flow area of a slotted liner has significantly more torsion and collapse strengths.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Residual Stress Evaluation in SLM 3D-printed Al-Si-Mg alloy (RS-300) Using the Contour Method, Hole Drilling Laser Speckle Interferometry, X-ray Diffraction and Xe pFIB-DIC Micro-ring-core Milling

SLM Additive Manufacturing has demonstrated great potential for aerospace applications when structural elements of individual design and/or complex shape need to be promptly supplied. 3D-printable AlSi10Mg (RS-300) alloy is widely used for the fabrication of different structures in aerospace industry. The importance of the evaluation of residual stresses that arise as a result of complex 3D-printing process thermal history is widely discussed in literature, but systematic assessment remains lacking for their magnitude, spatial distribution, and comparative analysis of different evaluation techniques. In this study we report the results of a systematic study of residual stresses in a 3D-printed double tower shaped samples using several approaches: the contour method, blind hole drilling laser speckle interferometry, X-ray diffraction, and Xe pFIB-DIC micro-ring-core milling analysis. We show that a high level of tensile and compressive residual stresses is inherited from SLM 3D-printing and retained for longer than 6 months. The stresses vary over a significant proportion of the material yield stress. All residual stress evaluation techniques considered returned comparable values of residual stresses even regardless of dramatically different dimensional scales from millimeters for the Contour Method down, laser speckle interferometry and XRD and down to small fractions of a mm (70 &amp;mu;m) for Xe pFIB-DIC ring-core drilling. The use of residual stress evaluation is discussed in the context of optimizing the printing strategy to enhance the mechanical performance and long-term durability.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Time and companionship: key factors in Hispanic shopping behavior

Examines the situational dimensions affecting purchasing behavior of Hispanic customers in a mall at some distance from their neighborhoods. The Hispanic shopper (which would also include a large segment of immigrants) makes the (shopping) trip worthwhile by travelling with companions, consummating a purchase while at the mall, and buying food or beverage during the visit. The Hispanic shopper also spends more time at the mall and visits more stores while there. This is an example of how marketers have become increasingly interested in the extent to which situational factors influence immigrants’ purchase behavior.

Topic: Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Lowloss planar bandpass filters for millimeter-wave application

A new printed planar technology is introduced for efficient TEM bandpass filters in millimeter band. The new technology is self-packaged and shows excellent insertion losses compared to microstrip filters. The designs are based on newly introduced ridge gap waveguide, which is composed of printed parallel plate waveguide surrounded by arrays of bed of mushrooms. Several example are designed and optimized. Sample measured results are presented.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring Teaching and Learning Experience during COVID-19 Pandemic in Engineering Education

The education system is continuously modernizing by accommodating the need due to the industrial revolution. Various teaching modes are also introduced including a diverse range of students, particularly in engineering education. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted normal education worldwide, forced to shut down campus activity for an extended period which forced Universities to adopt alternative approaches to continue student’s academic year. Engineering education faced significant challenges to find a realistic substitution for lab-based hands-on activity as well as group or team-based learning experiences. It is therefore very important to know the challenges and ways to address them. This paper evaluates the teaching and learning experiences observed in engineering education in Australia and abroad during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID period. The key motivation of this study is to identify key challenges arises due to COVID-19, develop Teaching &amp; Learning (T &amp; L) approaches to address these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of the applied changes in the T &amp; L approach, identify shortcomings, and find ways to improve them. The student feedback on selected engineering units have been collected from Deakin and Murdoch university in Australia to evaluate the performances of the applied changes. This data is considered as an authentic source of information to compare and identify the key challenges and effectiveness for students’ learning in pre-COVID and during COVID condition. This study later explored various literatures to gather experiences from other universities across the globe and by analysing all findings including academic experiences finally developed constructive recommendations for improvement. It is found that the current form of online mode of teaching has room to improve further as one segment of students finds it challenging and some others like a few approaches. It is also found that the online infrastructure, staff skills to innovate new unit designs, and motivating students are the other challenging areas. Therefore, a new teaching and learning framework is required to overcome all the challenges for future learning.

Topic: Biomedical and Engineering Education
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
MDB-79. THE DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME USP7 COOPERATES WITH SONIC HEDGEHOG SIGNALING TO PROMOTE MEDULLOBLASTOMA

Abstract BACKGROUND Constitutive activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway during cerebellar development may lead to medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Clinically, SHH-MB with mutations downstream of SMO or TP53-mutated are a real challenge and alternative targeted therapies are sorely needed for this group of patients. In SHH-MB, the transcription factor Atoh1 is constitutively overexpressed and essential for tumor initiation and progression. Previous work demonstrated that proteasomal-mediated degradation of Atoh1 induces tumor regression in vitro and in vivo, therefore deciphering mechanisms controlling Atoh1 stabilization should provide new avenues for drug development in SHH-MB. METHODS Using a proteomic approach, we identified the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp7 as a positive regulator of Atoh1 in MB cells. We then applied a SILAC-based quantitative ubiquitinomics to investigate the Usp7 target landscape in SHH-MB. We also employed several biochemical approaches to demonstrate the functional interaction between Atoh1 and Usp7 in SHH-MB. In parallel, we validated the impact of Usp7 depletion in vitro and in vivo using relevant SHH-MB models. Last, we investigated large transcriptomic and proteomic datasets to unveil the prognostic value of Usp7 in SHH-MB human tumors. RESULTS We demonstrate that Usp7 binds and accumulates Atoh1 protein by counteracting its ubiquitylation. Post-natal electroporation in vivo directly into the developing cerebella also indicates that overexpression of Usp7 promotes proliferation, whereas in the absence of Atoh1 Usp7 was no longer able to spread cell growth, demonstrating a functional link between the Usp7-Atoh1 axis. In vivo, disruption of Usp7 expression in SHH-MB blocks tumor proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition of Usp7 triggers tumor growth in a syngeneic SHH MB mouse model. Lastly, SHH-MB cells with either TP53 or SMO downstream mutations are sensitive to Usp7 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data pinpoint Usp7 as a promising target against Atoh1, a master regulator of SHH-MB.

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Informal Risk Sharing in an Infinite‐Horizon Experiment

Our laboratory study of risk sharing without commitment captures the main features of a simple model of voluntary insurance. Participants are paired in matches with stochastic endings. Each period they receive fixed endowments and one of the pair (randomly-drawn) also receives an additional amount; they can then make voluntary transfers to each other. While smoothing consumption is attractive, only self-enforcing risk sharing is possible. We find evidence supporting the theory: transfers provide insurance to individuals, a higher match continuation probability raises transfers and more risk-averse individuals make larger transfers. More surprisingly, transfers decrease with ex ante inequality, potentially reflecting considerations of identity. Copyright © The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2009.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a rapid 21‐plex autosomal STR typing system for forensic applications

DNA‐STR genotyping technology has been widely used in forensic investigations. Even with such success, there is a great need to reduce the analysis time. In this study, we established a new rapid 21‐plex STR typing system, including 13 CODIS loci, Penta D, Penta E, D12S391, D2S1338, D6S1043, D19S433, D2S441 and Amelogenin loci. This system could shorten the amplification time to a minimum of 90 min and does not require DNA extraction from the samples. Validation of the typing system complied with the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) and the Chinese National Standard (GA/T815‐2009) guidelines. The results demonstrated that this 21‐plex STR typing system was a valuable tool for rapid criminal investigation.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Giant calcified left coronary artery aneurysm

Case of 54 years old woman admitted to the ER for thoracic pain. The medical history of the patient is hypertension, dyslipidemia, angioedema (kiwi allergy), nephropathy (indeterminate), iatrogenic hepatitis and pulmonary nodule known from 20 years. Passive smoking and no alcohol. The family history revealed an hypertension in her father’s side.

Topic: Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Children’s Internet Use Profiles in Relation to Behavioral Problems in Lithuania, Latvia, and Taiwan

This study explored the profiles of elementary-school-aged children’s Internet use in relation to their emotional and behavioral problems. Participating in this cross-sectional study were 877 child–parent dyads from Latvia, Lithuania, and Taiwan. Children (8–10 years old) provided information on three variables: the amount of time they spent online, frequency of online activities, and knowledge of how to do things online. Latent profile analysis including these three variables provided a four-class solution for child Internet use. A comparison between Latvia, Lithuania, and Taiwan on the percentage of the sample distribution in each class showed that there was no difference between sites for the high class (high ratings on all three variables). The largest differences were for the low and average classes (low and average ratings on all three variables, namely, time online, frequency, and knowledge): the Lithuanian and Taiwanese samples were similar in that a higher percentage of each sample was in the low class, whereas the Latvian sample had children equally distributed between the low class and the average class. Analysis of the data from the entire sample for differences in parent-reported child behavioral difficulties suggested that children in the high class had an elevated level of behavioral problems and compulsive Internet use.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiplexed Graphene Quantum Dots with Excitation-Wavelength-Independent Photoluminescence, as Two-Photon Probes, and in Ultraviolet–Near Infrared Bioimaging

In this study, sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots were prepared and subsequently conjugated with polymers. The synthesized materials exhibited excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence emissions ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared and were 0.9-8.4 nm in size. The materials also exhibited high-photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent two-photon properties. Therefore, in two-photon bioimaging the materials with different emission spectra can be effective two-photon contrast agents. Specific antibodies were used to label organelles in cancer cells and identify nuclear antigens, thereby enabling the simultaneous detection of four targets in cells at a single two-photon excitation wavelength. The sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot materials were determined to be considerably more advantageous than organic dyes in identifying multiplexed targets, and they can be effective probes in cellular imaging.

Topic: Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Culprit of Bias for Paleointensity Estimation in the Shaw‐Type Protocol and an Innovative Calculation Method

Abstract Paleointensity records are vital for understanding the Earth's evolution, but obtaining accurate paleointensity is a challenging task. The Shaw‐type method, a widely‐used paleointensity protocol, produces biased results occasionally despite strict selection criteria. By examining the relationships between paleointensities and rock magnetic parameters from a pseudo‐Tsunakawa‐Shaw experiment, we ascertain that changes in the ratio of thermal to anhysteretic remanent magnetization (R) are proportional to bias in paleointensity, especially prominent in samples with hundred‐nanometer‐scale magnetic grains, and thus proved to be the culprit for the bias. Furthermore, we develop a method exploiting the Linear regression of R with Diverse cut‐off coercivity intervals for estimating Shaw‐type paleointensities (LoRD‐Shaw). Combined with a curve fit technique for samples with “folding" phenomenon, the LoRD‐Shaw method yields high‐accuracy results in all tested samples, demonstrating its efficiency in mitigating paleointensity bias from thermal alteration. The new method will enhance acquisition of high‐precision paleointensities for constraining the geodynamo evolution.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid, its Significance and Obstetric Outcome

AbstractMSAF is more common in primi gravidas as compared to multi gravidas. Postdatism, PIH, Eclampsia, IUGR, Oligohydromnios, PROM are main associating factors with occurrence of MSAF. ANC has limited role in preventing MSAF. Incident of abnormal fetal heart rate is 4 times and of variable heart rate is 5 times higher in MSAF group from control group. Most of the cases with abnormal heart rate pattern exhibit thick meconium and show significant association of fetal distress with character of meconium. Aggressive active management is required depending upon the character of meconium, heart rate pattern, stage of labour, expected time taken in delivery facility of neonatal care in place of delivery. Amnioinfusion is simple, safe and inexpensive procedure with almost nil complications though it does not decrease rate of cesarean section to statistically significant extent.Key words: Fetal distress, meconium, meconium aspiration syndrome, amnioinfusion

Topic: Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences