jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Indoor Radon Measurements Using Radon Track Detectors and Electret Ionization Chambers in the Bauxite-Bearing Areas of Southern Adamawa, Cameroon

The current work deals with indoor radon (222Rn) concentrations and ambient dose-equivalent rate measurements in the bauxite-bearing areas of the Adamawa region in Cameroon before mining from 2022. In total, 90 Electret Ionization Chambers (EIC) (commercially, EPERM) and 175 Radon Track Detectors (commercially, RADTRAK2) were used to measure 222Rn concentrations in dwellings of four localities of the above region. A pocket survey meter (RadEye PRD-ER, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for the ambient dose-equivalent rate measurements. These measurements were followed by calculations of annual doses from inhalation and external exposure. 222Rn concentrations were found to vary between 36 ± 8–687 ± 35 Bq m−3 with a geometric mean (GM) of 175 ± 16 Bq m−3 and 43 ± 12–270 ± 40 Bq m−3 with a geometric mean of 101 ± 21 Bq m−3 by using EPERM and RADTRAK, respectively. According to RADTRAK data, 51% of dwellings have radon concentrations above the reference level of 100 Bq m−3 recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The ambient dose equivalent rate ranged between 0.04–0.17 µSv h−1 with the average value of 0.08 µSv h−1. The inhalation dose and annual external effective dose to the public were assessed and found to vary between 0.8–5 mSv with an average value of 2 mSv and 0.3–1.8 mSv with an average value of 0.7 mSv, respectively. Most of the average values in terms of concentration and radiation dose were found to be above the corresponding world averages given by the United Nations Scientific Commission on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Even though the current exposure of members of the public to natural radiation is not critical, the situation could change abruptly when mining starts.

Topic: Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Are lipid mediators correlated to asthma features?

<b>Background:</b> Persistent unresolved inflammation results in a number of pathologic respiratory diseases including asthma. Lipidomics is the most important branch of metabolomics that involves the identification and quantitative measurement of lipids of a biological object. Our study aims to assess the coorelations between pro-inflammatory mediators, pro-resolvant lipid mediators and endocannabinoids and asthma clinical and spirometric features. <b>Methods:</b> Cross sectional, mono-centric study, enrolling adult patients with stable asthma from November 2020 to November 2021. The mesurement of lipid mediators was done in plasma and induced sputum using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectometry (LC-MS-MS). <b>Results:</b> 41 patients were enrolled (mean age 47.45 ± 5.51 years&nbsp;; sex ratio 0,52). Duration of asthma was negatively correlated to plasmatic 2-arachidonylglycerol and prostaglandin D2. Asthma control was positively correlated to 6-keto prostaglandin F1a in sputum and Alpha linolenicacid, palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide in plasma. FEV1 was negatively correlated to 7.17 OH DPA in plasma and Tiffeneau-index was negatively correlated to plasmatic prostalandin D2. The usage of high doses of inhaled glucocorticoids was correlated with lower rates of leukotrien C4 and F4 and lipoxin A4 in plasma wheras high doses of bronchodilatators was correlated with lower leukotrien C4 and lipoxin A4 in sputum. <b>Conclusion:</b> Inflammatory lipi dmediators, resolving lipid mediators and endocannabinoid rates seem to impact asthma characteristics and may provide a better undrestanding of the pathogeny of the disease.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation and property of nano bacterial cellulose resin in homogeneous phase with high water absorption

The nano bacterial cellulose resin( SANBCR) with high water absorption was synthesized by graft copolymerization using acrylic acid( AA) as monomers,K 2 S 2 O 8 as initiator and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide( MBA) as cross linker in homogenous nano bacterial cellulose/NaOH/urea solution.The effects of neutralization degree and dosages of AA,MBA and K 2 S 2 O 8 on the water absorbency of SANBCR were investigated.The structure of SANBCR was characterized by FT-IR.The results showed that the optimum copolymerization conditions were as followed:neutralization degree 80%,dosages of NBC,AA,K 2 S 2 O 8 and MBA 1g,12 mL,0.12 g and 0.04 g,respectively.The water adsorption ratio of SANBCR was up to 1 320 g/g and the water retention was over 95% at 30 °C after 8 h.

Topic: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium‐Sulfur Battery Enabled by Novel Molybdenum Carbide Electrocatalyst and Carbon Nanoporosity

Room-temperature sodium - sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries are highly promising due to the favorable techno-economics and the greater availability of both sodium and sulfur. RT Na-S cells are held back by several primary challenges including dissolution of polysulfides species in liquid electrolytes, sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, as well as the large cathode volume expansion (170%) on cell discharge. Here, we develop a novel molybdenum carbide (MoC/Mo 2 C) electrocatalyst to promote Na-S reaction kinetics and extend batteries’ cycling lifetime. MoC/Mo 2 C nanoparticles is in-situ grown in conjunction with activation of nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon nanotubes. Sulfur impregnation (50wt.% S) results in unique triphasic architecture termed MoC/Mo 2 C@PCNT-S. MoC/Mo 2 C electrocatalyst and carbon nanoporosity synergistically promote the sulfur utilization in carbonate electrolyte. In-situ time-resolved Raman, XPS and optical analysis demonstrate a quasi-solid-state phase transformation within MoC/Mo 2 C@PCNT-S, where minimal polysulfides are dissolved in electrolyte. As results, MoC/Mo 2 C@PCNT-S cathodes performed promising rate performance of 987 mAh g -1 at 1 A g -1 , 818 mAh g -1 at 3 A g -1 , and 621 mAh g -1 at 5 A g -1 . The cells delivered a retained capacity of 650 mAh g -1 after 1000 cycles at 1.5 A g -1 , which corresponds to only 0.028% capacity decay per cycle. Such promising cycling stability is also obtained for high mass loading cathodes (64wt.% S, 12.7 mg cm -2 ). Complementary Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation provide fundamental insight regarding the electrocatalytic role of MoC/Mo 2 C nanoparticles. Favorable charge transfer between the sulfur and Mo sites on the surface of carbides contributes to a strong binding of Na 2 S x (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) on MoC/Mo 2 C surfaces. Consequently, the formation energy of Na 2 S x (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) on MoC/Mo 2 C is significantly lowered compared to the analogous redox in liquid, as well as the case of baseline ordered carbon.

Topic: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Royal jelly protects against experimentally-induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats : A histological study

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by acute episodes of colonic inflammation.Its pathogenesis is associated with decreased antioxidant capability.Royal Jelly (RJ) is usually used as a complementary therapy in various diseases because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Aim of the work:To evaluate the protective effect of RJ against acetic acid-induced UC in adult male albino rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were divided equally into 3 groups.Group I was the control group.Group II included rats subjected to intracolonic acetic acid (AA) for induction of UC.Group III 10 rats treated with RJ (250 mg/kg/day orally) for 7 days, thereafter subjected to AA. RJ was administered for another 14 days.Rats were sacrificed after 21 days.Serum glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed.Colonic sections were subjected to H&E, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), toluidine blue, Mallory's trichrome stains and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunohistochemical stain.Results: Group II showed significant decrease in GSH, significant increase in MDA and marked histological alterations in colon.There was a significant decrease in the number of goblet cells, but significant increases in the number of mast cells, area% of collagen fibers and COX-2 immunoexpression compared to the control.In group III, GSH was significantly increased and MDA was significantly decreased compared to group II.The colon showed minimal changes, significant increase in the number of goblet cells, significant reduction in the number of mast cells, collagen deposition and COX-2 immunoreactivity compared to group II.When compared to the control, there was no significant difference regards the serological, histological and morphometric results, except for the number of goblet cells that revealed significant decrease.Conclusion: RJ proven to protect against acetic acid-induced UC in albino rats.

Topic: Bee Products Chemical Analysis
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mycelial Growth and Amylase Production by Talaromyces emersonii

SUMMARYExtracellular amylase synthesis by Talaromyces emersonii was studied in stationary liquid starch-yeast-extract (SYE) medium. Maximum mycelium and extracellular amylase were produced at 40–45 C, but maximum amylase was produced after autolysis. There was some variation in the relationship between mycelial dry weight and amount of amylase synthesized at the other temperatures tested. Amylase activity was highest at 40–45 C and pH 5–6. Increasing the amount of starch in the medium enhanced mycelial growth and extracellular amylase production. Besides starch, amylase production was also induced when T. emersonii was grown in media containing cellobiose, glucose, fructose, galactose or maltose, but the amount of amylase produced on these carbohydrates was less than when the medium contained starch. Amylase was not produced when sucrose was used as a carbon source.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An accurate analytical BiCMOS delay expression and its application to optimizing high-speed BiCMOS circuits

A scheme for optimizing the overall delay of BiCMOS driver circuits is proposed in this paper. Using this optimization scheme, it is found that the delay is minimized when the maximum collector current of the bipolar transistors is equal to the onset of high current effects. Using this assumption, an accurate BiCMOS delay expression is derived in terms of the bipolar and MOS device parameters. The critical device parameters are then identified and their influence on the circuit speed discussed. An overall circuit delay expression for optimizing BiCMOS buffers is derived and a comparison made with CMOS buffers. It is shown that BiCMOS circuits have a speed advantage of 1.7 or an area advantage of about 5 for 2- mu m feature sizes. In order to predict the future performance of BiCMOS circuits, a figure of merit is derived from the delay expression. Using the figure-of-merit expression, it is seen that future BiCMOS circuits can keep the speed advantage over CMOS circuits down to submicrometer dimensions under constant load capacitance assumption.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using protein-binding microarrays to study transcription factor specificity: homologs, isoforms and complexes

Protein-DNA binding is central to specificity in gene regulation, and methods for characterizing transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding remain crucial to studies of regulatory specificity. High-throughput (HT) technologies have revolutionized our ability to characterize protein-DNA binding by significantly increasing the number of binding measurements that can be performed. Protein-binding microarrays (PBMs) are a robust and powerful HT platform for studying DNA-binding specificity of TFs. Analysis of PBM-determined DNA-binding profiles has provided new insight into the scope and mechanisms of TF binding diversity. In this review, we focus specifically on the PBM technique and discuss its application to the study of TF specificity, in particular, the binding diversity of TF homologs and multi-protein complexes.

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Explaining the Behavior of Financial Intermediation: Evidence From Transition Economies

This paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic and structural variables on financial intermediation.To this end, it presents a theoretical foundation for two new measures of intermediation, the money multiplier and the ratio of private sector credit to monetary base.Results from panel estimations covering 19 transition economies indicate that policy makers need to address in particular the problems of bad loans on bank balance sheets and high market concentration while maintaining a stable macroeconomic environment.Further variables, such as minimum reserve requirements and the capital adequacy ratio, are found to possess less explanatory power.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Target detection enhancements using in-situ environment adaptive clutter modeling

The significant challenge in shallow water active sonar is to provide reliable target detection and classification while maintaining a reasonable false alert rate. When reverberation appears target-like due to persistence in location from ping to ping and exhibits a coherent intensity, an extremely high false alert rate occurs. This phenomenon occurs frequently in littorals where boundary interaction and bathymetry effects dominate the reverberation profile. In current systems the assumptions of the noise statistics are based upon Gaussian derived processes. The distribution of the envelope at the output of the matched filter is assumed to be Rayleigh. In conditions of high clutter the distribution deviates significantly from Rayleigh, where the tail of the density function tends to be significantly higher than the theoretical noise assumption. These conditions can be predicted and certainly can be measured by estimating the distribution of data at the detector output to adapt the detection processing based upon changes sensed in the background distribution. Performed in a spatial/range dependent manner environmental sensing can greatly reduce the clutter on a display and aid the automated detection process. A target detection technique based on the Interacting Multiple Model estimation algorithm is presented to exploit the consistency of position and motion information in conjunction with accurate models for target and clutter amplitudes observed over multiple pings to form a detection decision. The density and nature of the amplitude distribution for clutter, which is highly dependent upon the environment, is shown to dramatically affect detection performance. Performance improvements can be obtained by adapting the statistical model for reverberation based upon localized in-situ measurements to reduce the adverse effects of high amplitude clutter on multiple ping detection and classification. Using this knowledge an adaptive sequential likelihood ratio test that minimizes the decision time and improves detection performance under a vast set of environmental conditions is developed and demonstrated using collected sea test data.

Topic: Underwater Acoustics Research
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The immunodepressive and lympholytic action of kortifen].

The study of the effect of a new antitumor drug cortifen on humoral immunity in experiments on CBA mice showed that it is a potent and long acting immunodepressant. The degree of immunity depression was found to be drug dose-dependent. The hormonal components of cortifen failed to exert the immunodepressive action. The alkylating component, chlorphenacyl, on the contrary, had the immunostimulating effect.

Topic: Herbal Medicine Research Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fitting the flow curve of a plastically deformed silicon steel for the prediction of magnetic properties

We report measurements and modelling of magnetic effects due to plastic deformation in 2.2% Si steel, emphasizing new tensile deformation data. The modelling approach is to take the Ludwik law for the strain-hardening stress and use it to compute the dislocation density, which is then used in the computation of magnetic hysteresis. A nonlinear extrapolation is used across the discontinuous yield region to obtain the value of stress at the yield point that is used in fitting Ludwik's law to the mechanical data. The computed magnetic hysteresis exhibits sharp shearing of the loops at small deformation, in agreement with experimental behavior. Magnetic hysteresis loss is shown to follow a Ludwik-like dependence on the residual strain, but with a smaller Ludwik exponent than applies for the mechanical behavior.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Parent-child reading in English as a second language: Effects on language and literacy development of Chinese kindergarteners

This study investigated the effects of dialogic parent–child reading in English on 51 Hong Kong kindergarteners learning English as a second language. Children were pre-tested on nonverbal IQ, reading interest and receptive vocabulary, word reading and phonological awareness in both Chinese and English. They were then assigned randomly to one of three conditions involving different levels of parent–child interactions: dialogic reading (DR), typical reading (TR) or control. Though inter-group comparisons showed nonsignificant interaction effects across time among the three groups, intra-group gains across the 12-week intervention suggested that parent–child reading could enhance English word reading skills, while dialogic reading could promote phonological awareness in both Chinese and English. These results highlight the potential benefits of English parent–child reading and dialogic reading on children learning English as a second language, and the possibility of linguistic transfer from parent–child reading in English as a second language to Chinese as a first language.

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900

From ancient times to the present day, Iranian social, political, and economic life has been dramatically influenced by psychoactive agents. This book looks at the stimulants that, as put by a longtime resident of seventeenth-century Iran, Raphaël du Mans, provided Iranians with damagh, gave them a "kick," got them into a good mood. By tracing their historical trajectory and the role they played in early modern Iranian society (1500-1900), Rudi Matthee takes a major step in extending contemporary debates on the role of drugs and stimulants in shaping the modern West.At once panoramic and richly detailed, The Pursuit of Pleasure examines both the intoxicants known since ancient times--wine and opiates--and the stimulants introduced later--tobacco, coffee, and tea--from multiple angles. It brings together production, commerce, and consumption to reveal the forces behind the spread and popularity of these consumables, showing how Iranians adapted them to their own needs and tastes and integrated them into their everyday lives.Matthee further employs psychoactive substances as a portal for a set of broader issues in Iranian history--most notably, the tension between religious and secular leadership. Faced with reality, Iran's Shi'i ulama turned a blind eye to drug use as long as it stayed indoors and did not threaten the social order. Much of this flexibility remains visible underneath the uncompromising exterior of the current Islamic Republic

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Experiences of Motor Skill Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Reflected through Parental Responses

Background/Objectives: Understanding movement development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical for creating effective intervention strategies. This study aims to explore parental perspectives on the movement development of children with ASD, focusing on identifying common challenges and successful strategies. The objective is to analyze the experiences of parents to highlight the most effective approaches to support motor, communication, and social skills development in these children. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with parents of children with ASD. The data were analyzed using open and selective coding to identify key themes related to movement development challenges and strategies. The analysis included cross-referencing with the existing literature to support parental insights. Results: This study identified several key themes, including communication barriers, social interaction difficulties, and the importance of personalized movement programs. Parents reported significant challenges in understanding and addressing their children’s movement needs, particularly in group settings. However, activities such as water programs, music and dance, and animal-assisted therapies were found to be highly engaging. Motivation was a critical factor, with rewards and active parental involvement enhancing participation. Conclusions: This study highlights the crucial role of a supportive environment, including professional guidance and family support, in the success of movement development programs.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Application of E-learning CMS in Higher Education

Since CMS is not fully utilized, e-earning environments within a CMS should consider students' diversity in terms of met cognitive ability, learning styles, prior knowledge, cultures, and so on.The application of CMS can provide new opportunities to diversify instructional support.Extensive training and support will be essential if instructors are expected to develop and implement CMSs as powerful learning tools.Meanwhile, it is essential that instructors have to keep in mind both technology and pedagogy when designing their course content and assignments for CMS delivery.

Topic: Open Education and E-Learning
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences