jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tracing leadership: the ECB’s ‘whatever it takes’ and Germany in the Ukraine crisis

Political scientists face problems when assessing a leader’s impact: how can we know that a policy outcome or institutional change is <i>caused</i> by leadership? This article argues that in addition to relying on comparisons and counterfactuals, we need to trace the causal mechanisms by which leadership affects outcomes. Therefore, the article proposes a way to trace leadership and applies it to two cases of EU crisis management: the European Central Bank’s role in announcing Outright Monetary Transactions in the eurozone crisis, and Germany’s role in shaping the EU’s response to the Ukraine crisis. Systematic process-tracing shows that both actors provided leadership ‘by default’. However, while the ECB had to combine the provision of knowledge with unilateral action in order to overcome the eurozone crisis, Germany could use manifold bargaining-based strategies and thus became the EU’s de facto agenda setter and main representative in managing the Ukraine crisis.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Joint Platforms and Community Efforts in Surgical Robotics Research

Abstract In modern medical research and development, the variety of research tools has extended in the previous years. Exploiting the benefits of shared hardware platforms and software frameworks is crucial to keep up with the technological development rate. Sharing knowledge in terms of algorithms, applications and instruments allows researchers to help each other’s work effectively. Community workshops and publications provide a throughout overview of system design, capabilities, know-how sharing and limitations. This paper provides sneak peek into the emerging collaborative platforms, focusing on available open-source research kits, software frameworks, cloud applications, teleoperation training environments and shared domain ontologies.

Topic: Surgical Simulation and Training
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Amides and Phenylpropanoid Glucosides from the Fruits of Piper retrofractum

Two new amides (E)-N-cinnamoyl-2-methoxypiperidine (1) and (R)-1-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one (2), four new amide glucosides, retrofractosides A-D (3-6), and two new phenylpropanoid glucosides, retrofractosides E (7) and F (8), together with 24 known compounds (9-32) were isolated from the fruits of Piper retrofractum. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. All of these isolates (1-32) were evaluated for inhibitory activity against mouse platelet aggregation induced by the peptide AYPGKF-NH2. (E)-N-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)cinnamamide (9) showed a weak inhibitory effect, with an inhibition ratio of 52.0% at a concentration of 150 μM.

Topic: Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The Effectiveness of Management Structure in the Integrated Special Education Program at Chinese National-Type Schools in Malaysia

This study explores the effectiveness of management structures in the Integrated Special Education Program (ISEP) (known locally as “Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi” or PPKI) at Chinese National-Type Schools (CNTC) in Malaysia. Using a qualitative approach involving 16 participants across eight schools, the research examines the organizational framework, implementation challenges, and success factors in managing special education programs within a bilingual environment. Data collected through in-depth interviews, systematic observations, and document analysis reveals that effective management structures are characterized by systematic assessment procedures, strategic task distribution, and strong stakeholder support systems. The findings highlight the importance of bilingual competency, professional development, and community engagement in ensuring program success. This study contributes to the understanding of special education management in bilingual settings and provides practical recommendations for program enhancement.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Organoleptic, Chemical, and Microbial Characteristics of Extrudate Products from the Synthesis of Shrimp Shell and Milk Bones Waste as a High Source of Protein and Calcium

The high level of shrimp and milkfish commodity waste which is not managed further in the small and medium enterprise industry in East Java can cause various problems, one of which is the aspect of health and environmental pollution. Therefore, innovative efforts are needed to manage this waste by turning it into an extruded snack product. This research will use an experimental study by starting with the synthesis of shrimp shell and bone waste into flour which is then mixed with corn granules and processed using an extruder machine according to the specified formulation (70:30, 50:50, 30:70). After that, the extrudate product will be analyzed in the laboratory to carry out organoleptic tests, chemical tests and microbial tests. The organoleptic test results obtained were then analyzed using the variance analysis method and the Duncan advanced test, while the chemical test and microbial test results were carried out with descriptive analysis by comparing the SNI 01-2886-2015 standard regarding extruded snacks. The results of this research describe the organoleptic, chemical and microbial characteristics of the extrudate product from the synthesis of milkfish bone shrimp shell waste combined with corn granules based on the specified formulation, namely with proportions of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 so that it can be determined which formulation is best.

Topic: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A New Approach of Multilevel Unsupervised Clustering for Detecting Replication Level in Large Image Set

Replicate and near-replicate images are variants derived from original images that are common among the large number of images on the cloud, desktop and mobile storage areas respectively. The existence of such near-replicate an image in web search indicates the presence of redundancy and lowers the system performance. The detection of replication is challenging due to the multitude of possible variations of images. In this paper, a new system called Multilevel Clustering for Image Replication Identification (MCIRI) is presented. The proposed MCIRI system aims to identify the replication level of images over the large storage area based on multilevel unsupervised clustering techniques. The MCIRI consists of four stages: feature extraction, first level clustering, second level clustering and replication measurement. In the first stage, the MCIRI extract the three features over each individual image in the image set based on standard statistical operations such as mean, standard deviation and variance. Next stage, the MCIRI split the image feature vector of image-set into 'K' dissimilar groups based on K-means clustering technique. In the third stage, the MCIRI partially identifies the dissimilar cluster over each individual cluster in the cluster set of previous level clustering result. In the final stage, the MCIRI estimate the replication level of each individual cluster in the result of second level clustering based on the cluster validation measure. Experimental results show that the proposed MCIRI is better suitable to estimate the replication level in the image set.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
www.zef.de

Integration as a catalyst for assimilation Bonn, August 2013The CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH (ZEF) was established in 1995 as an international, interdisciplinary research institute at the University of Bonn. Research and teaching at ZEF addresses political, economic and ecological development problems. ZEF closely cooperates with national and international partners in research and development organizations. For information, see: www.zef.de. ZEF – Discussion Papers on Development Policy are intended to stimulate discussion among researchers, practitioners and policy makers on current and emerging development issues. Each paper has been exposed to an internal discussion within the Center for Development Research (ZEF) and an external review. The papers mostly reflect work in progress. The Editorial Committee of the ZEF – DISCUSSION PAPERS ON DEVELOPMENT POLICY include Joachim von Braun (Chair), Solvey Gerke, and Manfred Denich. Tobias Wünscher is Managing Editor of the series. Oded Stark and Marcin Jakubek, Integration as a catalyst for assimilation, ZEF- Discussion

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Receiver-Driven Transport Protocol With High Link Utilization Using Anti-ECN Marking in Data Center Networks

Existing reactive or proactive congestion control protocols are hard to simultaneously achieve ultra-low latency and high link utilization across all workloads ranging from delay-sensitive flows to bandwidth-hungry ones in datacenter networks. We present an Anti-ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) Marking Receiver-driven Transport protocol called AMRT, which achieves both near-zero queueing delay and full link utilization by reasonably increasing sending rate in the case of under-utilization. Specifically, switches mark the ECN bit of data packets once detecting spare bandwidth. When receiving the anti-ECN marked packet, the receiver generates the corresponding marked grant to trigger more data packets. The testbed and simulation experiments show that AMRT effectively reduces the average flow completion time (AFCT) by up to 42% and improves the link utilization by up to 38% over the state-of-the-art receiver-driven transmission schemes.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of humic substances on the formation of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during chlorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted water

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of humic substances on the formation of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during chlorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted waterStaale. Johnsen and Ingrid Susann. GribbestadCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 8, 978–981Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00173a019https://doi.org/10.1021/es00173a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Environmental and Industrial Safety
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD lhdcxs9b-sif #135775.1

Charge eXchange Spectroscopy (CXS) system, which consists of diagnostic beam, object lens, optical fiber bundle array, spectrometer, CCD detector and controllers, to measure radial profiles of ion temperature, poloidal/toroidal plasma rotation velocities, and impurity density (carbon or helium) using charge exchange collisions between neutral beam and impurities.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANALYSIS OF ROTATOR CUFF INJURY IN TENNIS PLAYERS USING LONG RACKET VS SHORT RACKET

<strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Tennis is a famous sport worldwide but it involves sudden special moves that may cause severe musculoskeletal injuries to the player. Most common musculoskeletal injuries in tennis are overuse injuries of wrist and elbow. But certain other factors may also put stress on other body parts for instance, shoulder and calf region. </em> <strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> The purpose of this research is to find association of rotator cuff injury with length of rackets in Tennis Players. </em> <strong><em>Method and materials</em></strong>: <em>An analytical association study method was used. The inclusive criteria are fulfilled by tennis players from different clubs and universities. Data will be collected after taking informed consent. A self-made questionnaire was used for the assessment of rotator cuff injury and pain in which Hawkin-kenedy test is applied. </em> <strong><em>Result: </em></strong><em>The result showed that P value of association of rotator cuff injury and length of rackets used by lawn tennis players was 0.488. P value .05 ≤was considered no significant difference. </em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>There is no significant association between rotator cuff injury with the length of long and short rackets in Tennis Players. The probability of injury may depend on the body mechanics of the player.</em><em> </em> <strong>Key Words: </strong><em>Pain, Rotator cuff injury, Sports, Tennis, Wrist Joint.</em>

Topic: Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD DTS #937949.1

Digitally synchronized timing distribution system (DTS) has been developed for the LHD fusion plasma measurements, which delivers a 10MHz synchronous clock with the master trigger message through the tree-structured optical fiber links from the master modulator to multiple demodulators to output pre-programmed divided clocks and delayed triggers

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Big-Bubble Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty using Central vs Peripheral Air Injection: A Clinical Trial

Purpose To compare 2 sites of air injection to achieve Descemet membrane (DM) detachment in big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Methods In this prospective, randomized study, 48 eyes of 48 keratoconus-affected patients who underwent DALK by cornea fellows were enrolled. Each patient was randomly assigned into one of 2 groups. After trephination to approximately 80% of the corneal thickness, a 27-G needle was inserted into the stroma from the trephination site. The needle was moved radially inside the trephination site and advanced to the central or paracentral cornea in group 1. In group 2, the needle was inserted into the deep stroma from the trephination site and advanced into the peripheral cornea to approximately 1.5 mm anterior to the limbus. Air was gently injected into the deep stroma until a big bubble was formed. The rates of DM separation and complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results Big-bubble formation was successful in 79.2% of the eyes in the study group. A bare DM was achieved by central injection in 68.0% of group 1 and by peripheral injection in 69.6% of group 2 (p = 0.68). This rate was increased to 80.0% and 78.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, after the injection site was shifted when injections failed. The study groups were comparable in terms of complications including DM perforation and bubble bursting. Conclusions Both injection sites were equivalent in their rates of big-bubble formation and complications. Less experienced surgeons are advised to initially inject air outside the trephination.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Embedded fingerprint identification system based on DSP

Fingerprint recognition is implemented on Ti DSP chip Ti 5402. The algorithm is prompt and practicable. Enhance part adopts a fast orientation filter to improve inputting image quality combining fast orientation interpolation method. On the other hand, the orientation field is used in fingerprint image segment. Matching part uses point match method and combines some post-processing in order to get good match result. One fusion way is introduced in enrollment. In DSP implement phase, the system frame adopts one kind of dispatched system structure aiming at the 5402 features. Otherwise the algorithm of fingerprint recognition is modified and optimized based on DSP instructions. Experiment result indicates that system performance is good.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effects of Psychosocial Factors on Quality of Life Among Individuals With Chronic Pain

This study investigated the psychosocial factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of 171 individuals with chronic pain. Participants completed a battery of self-rated inventories measuring three sets of predictor variables—demographic (age, gender, income, marital status), pain-specific (chronicity, severity, duration, frequency, pain impairment), and psychosocial (interference, social support, depression, coping)—and one criterion variable with five models (physical, psychological, social, environmental, total). Hierarchical multiple regression indicates that income predicts the psychological and environmental domains of QOL. Across all five models, 56% to 76% of the variance was accounted for with the three sets of variables. Demographics remained minimally predictive of all models. Pain impairment was predictive of all five models. Depression was predictive of all but physical QOL, and coping was predictive of all but physical and environmental QOL. The pain impairment variable and the two psychosocial variables (depression and coping) remained imperative in predicting QOL of individuals with chronic pain.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
(Roma) (2)

Satellite ocean color measurements can contribute, better than any other source of data, to quantify the spatial and time variability of ocean productivity and, tanks to the success of several satellite missions starting with CZCS up to SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS, it is now possible to start doing the investigation of interannual variations and compare level of production during different decades ([1],[2]). The interannual variability of the ocean productivity at global and

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Understanding the distribution of vegetation and its environmental drivers using machine learning methods

Vegetation plays an important role in the terrestrial biosphere by regulating the fluxes of water, carbon and energy between the land and atmosphere, providing habitat to a vast array of organisms, and ensuring global food and water security. Using satellite imagery collected over the last few decades, multiple studies have found changes in the vegetation distribution, structure and phenology in different regions of the globe. Among the most prominent changes are the expansion and intensification of agriculture, northward advancement of treeline and increased shrubification in northern high latitude ecosystems. Changes in land-use and land-cover could alter food availability for human societies, and changes in natural vegetation could trigger various biophysical and biogeochemical responses and feedbacks to the global climate system. In this dissertation research, we use data sourced from remote sensing platforms and ground-based observation networks, along with machine learning methods to a) characterize and map diverse vegetation types from landscape to continental scales and b) identify the environmental drivers of vegetation distribution and productivity. Knowledge and data products from this research would improve mapping and monitoring of food crops, and also inform representation of vegetation traits and processes used for benchmarking and validation of Earth system models. Knowledge of the environmental drivers of vegetation would help improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting plant geographic distributions.--Author's abstract

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Acousto-optical features of polysilane oligomer polymers&lt;/title&gt;

Acousto-optical parameters in the polysilane Si<SUB>n</SUB>(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2n + 2</SUB> oligomers with the different number of monomers n were investigated as the functions of n and thickness. The maximal value of the acousto-optical quality coefficients was reached at n equals 10 and thickness about 1.25 nm. It was proposed to use the polysilane oligomers as the acousto-optical modulators and deflectors. The influence of the oligomer monomer numbers n on the behavior of the acousto-optical parameters was unambiguously shown. Simultaneously dependence of the acousto-optical coefficients on the thickness of the samples was shown. The data on the acousto-optical quality correlate well with the data obtained by the sound losses in the external electrical fields.

Topic: Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
LECTOTYPE DESIGNATIONS FOR <i>CRYPHALUS AMABILIS</i> AND <i>C</i>. <i>GRANDIS</i> (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Abstract Lectotypes are designated for Cryphalus amabilis Chamberlin and C . grandis Chamberlin. The lectotypes are in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of spatially inhomogeneous perturbations of the FRW cosmologies

We use Bardeen's gauge-invariant formalism to analyze the behavior of, and relationship between, various geometric and physical quantities of cosmological interest at the linear level. This leads to a cosmologically oriented gauge-invariant characterization of the different perturbation modes that can arise. In particular a link is made between the existence of gravitational-wave modes and the conformal curvature of hypersurfaces in spacetime. We indicate how these results can be useful in the analysis of exact solutions of the Einstein field equations.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences