jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Slowly Cooled Zr-Al-Cu-Ni Bulk Samples with Different Oxygen Content

Bulk samples of the glass-forming Zr 65 Al 75 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 and Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 alloys with 3 mm diameter were prepared by die casting into a copper mould. The oxygen content of the samples was varied between 0.26 at.% and 0.73 at.% by adjusting the oxygen partial pressure in the argon atmosphere upon casting. Characterization of the microstructure of as-cast samples and of specimens continuously heated to 873 K was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal stability was investigated by constant-rate differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase formation and the thermal stability of the slowly cooled zirconium-based bulk samples are essentially influenced by the oxygen content of the material. Furthermore, the sensitivity to oxygen depends on the composition of the alloy. In bulk Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 samples only small oxygen traces induce nucleation and crystal growth during slow cooling whereas Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 samples are completely amorphous for all oxygen contents investigated. The processes of the oxygen-induced phase formation are discussed in detail also with respect to the results obtained for the heat treated samples. With increasing oxygen content the thermal stability deteriorates, as it is obvious from a diminution of the supercooled liquid region (ΔT x = T x - T g ) which is mainly due to a reduction of the crystallization temperature T x . Furthermore, the thermal behaviour of Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 and Zr 55 Al 10 Cu 30 Ni 5 reveals significant differences.

Topic: Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tympanoplasty and Tinnitus.

We examined the time course changes of tinnitus after tympanoplasty in 30 patients. All patients exhibited disorders of symptomatic tinnitus preoperatively. Pitch match test and loudness balance test, in combination with pure tone audiometry were employed to obtain data on their characteristics. The patients were further subdivided into two groups, the middle tone group and the high tone group, based on whether their tinnitus could be pitch-matched relatively to low to middle frequency sounds (125Hz to 1kHz) or high frequency sounds (2 to 8kHz). In addition, a series of questionnaires was administered to both groups to evaluate the following subjective complaints: 1) the degree of loudness, 2) duration period, and 3) the degree of disturbance in daily life.Fifty-five percent of the patients in the middle tone group and 48% in the high tone group showed changes to the pitch matched frequency 1 week after surgery. One week later, 63% of the patients in the former group still retained altered frequency matching to their tinnitus, whereas the percentage for the latter group decreased to 30% indicating that about 20% of the patients with high tone tinnitus returned to their original conditions. Results from subjective assessment by the questionnaire substantiated the difference in symptom severity between the two groups. Three weeks after the surgery, 70% of the patients in the middle tone group showed decreased scores for subjective loudness, whereas only 25% of the high tone group showed relief. On the other hand, the scores for tinnitus duration periods and the degree of disturbance in daily life remained unchanged after the surgery, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Although the relationship between the pathologic conditions of the middle ear cavity and exacerbating parameters of tinnitus is not fully understood, we speculate that tinnitus cases showing lower frequency tone are more likely to be dependent on abnormal sound transmission caused by middle ear diseases.

Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Remittance and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: Does Financial Sector Development Play a Critical Role?

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between remittances, financial sector development, and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2017. The study used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships between the variables. The outcome of the study revealed that the variables are bound together in the long-run. The results also showed that remittances have a negative and significant effect on economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. The study also established that financial sector development has a negative and significant impact on economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. Further, the study confirmed the existence of complementarity between remittances and financial sector development in influencing economic growth. In addition, study revealed that inflation has a negative and significant effect on economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. The findings of the study showed that trade openness, government expenditure, and population growth have no significant impact on economic growth both in the long-run and short-run.

Topic: Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The influence of selected combinations of herbicides on the value of seeds of narrow leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

The influence of herbicide protection on the value and vigor of seeds of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus was investigated. The laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences. The seeds were derived from the field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station Brody in 2012–2013. It was found that the active substances of herbicides significantly changed the seed quality of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus. Moreover, the herbicide Wing P 462,5 EC significantly decreased germination capacity as compared to the control and other combinations. The active substances of examined herbicides did not influence on vigor of narrow leaved lupine variety Zeus. W dwuletnim doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym prowadzonym w Laboratorium Nasiennictwa, Katedry Agronomii, Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu badano wpływ wybranych kombinacji ochrony herbicydowej na wartość siewną i wigor nasion łubinu wąskolistnego odmiany Zeus. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że substancje czynne (s.cz.) badanych herbicydów istotnie modyfikowały wartość siewną nasion łubinu wąskolistnego odmiany Zeus. Najwyższy spadek zdolności kiełkowania w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego oraz pozostałych kombinacji odnotowano po aplikacji herbicydu Wing P 462,5 EC. W badaniach nie wykazano istotnego wpływu zastosowanych s.cz. herbicydów na wigor nasion łubinu wąskolistnego.

Topic: Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Simulation of the electrical field in equine larynx to optimize functional electrical stimulation in denervated musculus cricoarythenoideus dorsalis

Distribution of the electrical field is very important to activate muscle and nerve cells properly. One therapeutic method to treat Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy (RLN) in horses can be performed by Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Current method to optimize the stimulation effect is to use implanted quadripolar electrodes to the musculus cricoarythenoideus dorsalis (CAD) and testing electrode configuration until best possible optimum is reached. For better understanding and finding of maximum possible activation of CAD a simulation model of the actual entire setting is currently in development. Therefore the geometric model is built from CT-data of a dissected larynx containing the quadripolar electrodes as well as fiducials for later data registration. The geometric model is the basis for a finite difference method containing of voxels with corresponding electrical conductivity of the different types of tissue due to threshold segmentation of the CT-data. Model validation can be done by the measurement of the 3D electrical potential distribution of a larynx positioned in an electrolytic tray. Finally, measured and calculated results have to be compared as well as further investigated. Preliminary results show, that changes of electrode as well as conductivity configuration leads to significant different voltage distributions and can be well presented by equipotential lines superimposed CT-slices – a Matlab graphical user interface visualizes the results in freely selectable slices of the 3D geometry. Voltage distribution along theoretically estimated fiber paths could be calculated as well as visualized. For further calculation of nerve or denervated muscle fiber activation and its optimization, real fiber paths have to be defined and referenced to the potential- and the CT-data.

Topic: Effects of Vibration on Health
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 925163: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Ectopic hormone production of beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by cells of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach].

The ectopic hormone production by tumor cells that have a light optical structure of typical non-endocrine cancers has long attracted the attention of investigation all over the world. Specifically, this concerns the phenomenon of the ectopic production of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) by non-germinogenic tumors, which is, according to R.K. Iles's data, encountered in 20-40% of malignant epithelial tumors. Despite the fact that beta-hCG synthesis is traditionally regarded as the prerogative of germinogenic tumors, the world's literature contains strong evidence for latent beta-hCG gene expression and many cases of clinically evident manifestation of the effects of chorionic gonadotropin. The latter fact, if a clinician and a pathologist are unaware of the behavior of a tumor, may give rise to a diagnostic error and incorrect treatment policy.

Topic: Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Scinax berthae: Esteban Lavilla, Axel Kwet, Lucy Aquino, Magno Vicente Segalla, Jose Langone

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
MILD combustions at different fuel-air patterns

This paper experimentally investigates the global performances of the non-premixed (NP), partially-premixed (PP) and fully-premixed (FP) MILD (moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution) combustions at a laboratory-scale furnace. Experiments are carried out at the firing rate varying from 7.5 kW to 15 kW and the equivalence ratio changing from φ = 0.5 to φ = 1. The furnace temperatures and NOx emissions of the three premixing patterns are compared and discussed. The PP MILD combustion produces the highest NOx emissions. The exhaust temperatures of all the cases are found to decrease as φ increases. For the present furnace and burner configuration at φ &lt; 0.97, the variation of the premixing modes or firing rates does not influence the CO emissions, and the establishment of the MILD combustion can guarantee the fully oxidation of the fuel. The Damköhler number (Da) of the MILD combustion is found to be ∼O(1). Moreover, the reaction regime of the FP MILD combustion is found to be located on the flamelets-in-eddies regime of turbulent combustion.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Phosphorus Selenide P<sub>4</sub>Se<sub>4</sub>

Abstract The tetraphosphorus tetraselenide P 4 Se 4 is prepared and described for the first time. It is synthetised easily by heating between 250°C and 300°C a mixture of selenide P 4 Se 3 and selenium. It exists under two allotropie forms, α P 4 Se 4 transforming in β P 4 Se 4 at 300°C. α P 4 Se 4 cristallises in the orthorhombie system (a = 7.199 Å; b = 8.661 Å; c = 12.619 Å) as β P 4 Se 4 (a = 9.3200 Å; b = 16.8601 Å; c = 14.3399 Å). The results of the mass spectrometry and the infra‐red spectrometry suggest that the structure of the new compound derives from the tetrahedral structure of white phosphorus.

Topic: Crystal Structures and Properties
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Let's Go Out and Play: Designing Interactive Outdoor Games for Children

För 20 år sedan tillbringade barn största delen av sin fritid utomhus med sina vänner. På den tiden bemästrade barnen fantasilekar och de skapade sina egna spel, som inte var bundna till dyr utrustning eller övervakning av föräldrar. Barnen rörde mycket på sig och deras sinnesvärld var enkel och baserade sig på naturen. Framstegen inom teknologi har ändrat på hur barn leker idag. Idag är en stor del av barns lek och fritid bunden till teknologi, så som video- och datorspel. Nackdelarna med att sitta inne framför en skärm är direkt sammankopplade till några av de allvarligaste hälsoproblemen hos barn, så som fetma, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) och depression. Ett intressant alternativ skulle därför vara att ersätta dator- och videospelen med utomhusspel kompletterade med ny teknologi.\nDetta arbete undersöker inverkan av snabb prototyping då man lägger till digital teknologi i traditionella utomhusspel, så som kurragömma och nata. Arbetet är baserat på två undersökningar som är gjorda tillsammans med en nederländsk unisex scout grupp.\nI arbetet har två undersökningar utförts. Den första undersökte hur användningen av en iterativ designprocess påverkade designen av Head Up Games (interaktiva utomhusspel för barn) och den andra undersökte användarkraven för en utvecklingsmiljö för spel (engelska Integrated Game Development Platform, IGDE) för icke-programmerare.\nKvalitativ data har samlat under undersökningarna i form av intervjuer, observationer, videon och ljudinspelningar.\nArbetet utmanar argumentet att ”användningen av lo-fi prototyper är tillräckligt vid design av digitala utomhusspel”. Vi hävdar att det är mer effektivt att experimentera med teknologi och då använda hi-fi prototyper för att testa spelen med barn redan vid ett tidigt skede av designprocessen. Vi har även visat att det finns ett behov för två olika IGDE. En för användare som vill spela spel och möjligen ändra några parametrar i spelen och en annan för användare som vill göra sina egna Head Up Games, men som inte har kunskaper i programmering och interaktionsdesign.

Topic: Outdoor and Experiential Education
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Elaborate network of avian intracranial air-filled cavities and its potential role in hearing

Many avian species possess an intracranial air-filled passage, directly connecting the medial surfaces of the tympanic membranes, called the interaural canal. It is known to greatly improve directional hearing by passive acoustics in small animals where the external interaural delay is too minute to allow temporal neural coding. For long, the avian interaural canal was assumed to be a simple cylindrical cavity. Contrary to this, we discovered through CT scans and other techniques that many birds (e.g., zebra finches and pigeons) do in fact have a rather elaborate system of interconnected air-filled cavities throughout the entire skull. The cavities communicate directly or indirectly with the tympanic membranes. How does this network affect the directional hearing in birds? On one hand, it may simply be an adaptation to flight and play little or no role in hearing. On the other hand, theoretical considerations suggest that the directional response may be optimized through frequency dependent “tuning” of attenuation and phase shift through the interaural canal. In this talk, we will first present the anatomy, then present some preliminary directional responses from zebra finch ears, and finally discuss future directions and considerations for what may be the functional interaural canal in birds.

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Secrecy Performance Analysis for SWIPT Near Users with Untrusted Far Users in NOMA Networks

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) can let energy-limited users harvest energy and receive information using the same radio frequency signals, while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve network throughput by allowing multiple users to access the same spectrum band at the same time. In this paper, the physical layer security in SWIPT NOMA networks with untrusted users is investigated. Specifically, a NOMA network with a near user and a far user is considered, where the near user is assumed to adopt SWIPT for energy harvesting and information decoding, and the far user is assumed to be a potential eavesdropper for the near user. Two secrecy performance metrics for the near user, namely non-zero secrecy rate probability and ergodic secrecy rate are theoretically analyzed. It is proved by theoretical analysis that adopting SWIPT at the near user degrades its secrecy performance in terms of non-zero secrecy rate probability and ergodic secrecy rate. It is also proved by theoretical analysis that the NOMA power allocation coefficient has no impact on the near user non-zero secrecy rate probability, while allocating more power to the near user can improve the ergodic secrecy rate. The theoretical results are corroborated by conducting numerical simulations.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Golden Decade

Abstract The five countries of the Nordic region have a common cultural and historical background. In the field of communication, they share institutions, conferences, publications and networks. In order to reveal how this shared tradition is manifested in scientific communication, the present text analyses the evolution of publication patterns of Nordic communication scholars by applying bibliometric techniques to over five hundred articles published in international scientific journals from 2001 to 2010. Different parameters were analysed: institution and country of origin, number of authors, typology of collaborations, topics studied and the level of specialization. During the decade under study, the presence of Nordic scholars in international journals doubled, manifesting the growing internationalization of Nordic communication research. Co-authorship patterns predominantly involve collaboration with Anglo-Saxon scholars, particularly North American. A high level of specialization was found in areas such as technologies and new media, which was reflected in the journals chosen as vehicles for publication

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring the Influence of Summer Temperature on Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area

Heat related illnesses are one of the leading causes of weather-related mortality in the United States, and heat extremes continue to increase in frequency and duration. Public health interventions include population mobility, including travel to central cooling centers or wellness checks on vulnerable populations. Using anonymized cellphone data from Safegraph’s neighborhood patterns dataset and gridded temperature data from gridMET, we explored the mobility-temperature relationship in the San Francisco Bay Area at fine spatial and temporal scale. We leveraged spatial variability in median income and temporal variability in COVID-19 related policies across two summers (2020-2021) to analyze their influence on the mobility-temperature relationship. We completed quantile regressions for a dataset stratified by income and year. We found that mobility increased at a higher rate with higher temperatures in 2020 than 2021. However, in 2021, the relationship reversed for several wealthier income groups, where mobility decreased with higher temperatures. We then augmented the analysis and calculated a panel regression with fixed effects to characterize the mobility-temperature relationship while controlling for temporal and spatial variability. This analysis suggested that all areas exhibited lower mobility with higher summer temperatures. However, similar to the results of the quantile regression, the rate of decrease in mobility in response to high temperature was significantly greater among the wealthiest census block groups compared with the least wealthy. Given the fundamental difference in the mobility response to temperature across income groups, our results are relevant for heat mitigation efforts in highly populated regions in current and future climate conditions.

Topic: Climate Change and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pesticides

Abstract Pesticides—insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides—are used extensively in countries around the world in agriculture and in vector control in schools, homes, and communities. Pesticides are poisons by design, and human toxicity has resulted from their widespread use in environments where children live, learn, and play. Children in all countries routinely encounter pesticides in the foods they eat and in their homes, schools, and neighborhoods. Acute, high-dose pesticide poisonings in children are less common today than in years past thanks to elimination in industrially developed countries of the most highly toxic pesticides. Acute pesticide poisonings still occur too commonly among children in low- and middle-income countries. Research continues to elucidate multiple links between pesticides and chronic health problems in children. Prenatal exposures appear especially hazardous. The consequences of early-life exposures to pesticides include low birth weight, childhood cancer, behavioral disorders, and cognitive impacts. New information on the hazards of pesticides to children’s health provides opportunities for evidence-based prevention of both acute poisoning and chronic toxicity. New scientific findings have led to new legal requirements in many countries for prevention of pesticide toxicity.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences