jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Pivotal Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Non-Host Resistance Mechanisms in Legume and Cereal Plants to the Incompatible Pathogens

Most of plants under normal conditions are resistant to most of the incompatible pathogens (viral, fungal and bacterial infections). This is called ״non-host resistance (NHR) phenomenon״. Till now it is not clear the non-host resistance mechanisms. As a result of inoculation of legume (pea and soybean) and cereal (barley and wheat) plants with compatible and incompatible pathogens, strong resistance symptoms were observed in the non-host/incompatible pathogen combinations as compared with host/compatible pathogen combinations which showed severe infection (susceptibility). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-) were significantly increased early 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after inoculation (hai) in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. Interestingly enough that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and peroxidase (POX) were not significantly increased at the same early time 6 - 36 hai in the non-host plants. However, these enzymes were significantly increased later on 48, 72 and 96 dai in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. It seems that early accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- could have a dual roles, first role is inhibiting or killing the pathogens early in the non-host plants, second immunization of the non-host plants by stimulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes later on which thereby, neutralize the harmful effect of ROS and consequently suppressing disease symptoms. The author recommends giving more attention to these new mechanisms of non-host resistance particularly in relation to ROS levels and antioxidant activities which are very important for plant breeders and useful for finding alternative control strategies as well.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Subculture of Poverty

The theory of a subculture of poverty, first offered by anthropologist Oscar Lewis to understand the persistence of poverty in rural and urban settings, pervasively persists. The theory asserts that the poor adapt to conditions of poverty and marginality by creating a subculture adapted to those conditions that ensures some degree of normalcy and happiness. This culture sustains poverty by normalizing its supporting value orientations: helplessness, the search for immediate gratification, dependency, marginality, and powerlessness. Criticisms have been widespread and harsh, focusing on the notions that the poor are anything but passive and unthinking beings in the face of social and economic oppression, and that it is problematic to read from human behavior a notion of unfettered human choices. In both cases, the notion of a subculture of poverty is deemed to be simplistic and caricaturing.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 Suppresses B Cell Activation through RelB and Is Regulated by IKKα Phosphorylation

Abstract Alternative NF-κB signaling is crucial for B cell activation and Ig production, and it is mainly regulated by the inhibitor of κ B kinase (IKK) regulatory complex. Dysregulation of alternative NF-κB signaling in B cells could therefore lead to hyperactive B cells and Ig overproduction. In our previous, study we found that deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a suppressor of the alternative NF-κB pathway to attenuate B cell activation. In this study, we report that loss of DBC1 results in spontaneous overproduction of Ig in mice after 10 mo of age. Using a double mutant genetic model, we confirm that DBC1 suppresses B cell activation through RelB inhibition. At the molecular level, we show that DBC1 interacts with alternative NF-κB members RelB and p52 through its leucine zipper domain. In addition, phosphorylation of DBC1 at its C terminus by IKKα facilitates its interaction with RelB and IKKα, indicating that DBC1-mediated suppression of alternative NF-κB is regulated by IKKα. Our results define the molecular mechanism of DBC1 inhibition of alternative NF-κB activation in suppressing B cell activation.

Topic: NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Tables S5 and S6 from A Novel RAF Kinase Inhibitor with DFG-Out–Binding Mode: High Efficacy in BRAF-Mutant Tumor Xenograft Models in the Absence of Normal Tissue Hyperproliferation

&lt;p&gt;Analysis of mouse tissues and exploratory toxicological assessment in rats revealed a favorable rodent safety profile for BI 882370.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a<i>Chlamydia suis</i>-specific antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the use of a B-cell epitope of the polymorphic membrane protein C

Chlamydia suis infections lead to economic loss in the pork industry. Chlamydia suis infections could be successfully treated with tetracyclines until the appearance of a tetracycline resistant phenotype, which was acquired via horizontal gene transfer of the tet(C) gene. Given the importance of C. suis as a swine pathogen and as a recently emerged tetracycline resistant pathogen with zoonotic potential, our aim was to develop a sensitive C. suis-specific antibody ELISA based on the polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps). Chlamydia Pmps are important virulence factors and candidate antigens for serodiagnosis. We identified nine Pmps (PmpA to I) in C. suis strain MD56 using a recently developed Hidden-Markov model. PmpC was the most promising candidate for the development of a C. suis-specific antibody ELISA as the protein was absent in C. abortus, C. pecorum and C. psittaci which also infect pigs and as the protein contained C. suis-specific amino acid regions, absent in C. trachomatis PmpC. We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in C. suis PmpC using experimental porcine sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the PmpC ELISA was compared to the complement fixation test (CFT) and to a recombinant MOMP ELISA using experimental sera. The PmpC ELISA detected all positive control sera and was in contrast to CFT and the rMOMP ELISA 100% C. suis specific as positive control sera against other Chlamydia species did not react in the PmpC ELISA. The test was successfully validated using slaughterhouse sera and sera from clinically affected pigs. The PmpC ELISA could assist in diminishing the spread of C. suis infections in the pork industry.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Drought-related protein synthesis in cotton

The changes in protein profiles of six cotton cultivars subjected to osmotic stress were examined. Osmotic stress was applied by incubating leaf segments in mannitol. The efficiency of protein synthesis decreased with increasing concentrations of mannitol. Drought-related protein synthesis during osmotic stress was found in the cultivars Lido, Delta Pine, Acala 1517–70 and OR3, while drought-related proteins were not observed in the cultivars Selati and Letaba. It would: appear that drought-related protein synthesis was cultivar specific.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra of Palladium (II) - Moroxydine Hydrochloride- Eosin Y System and Their Analytical Applications

In a pH 4.2~4.4 acidic medium, palladium(Ⅱ) reacted with moroxydine hydrochloride to form a cationic chelate [Pd(ABOB)2]2+, which reacted further with eosin Y(EY), erythrosin(Ery) or dibromofluorescein(DBF) to form ionassociation complexes, respectively. As a result, the resonance rayleigh scattering(RRS) intensities were enhanced greatly. The maximum RRS peak of three systems were located at 315 nm, RRS intensity was proportional to the concentration of moroxydine hydrochloride (ABOB) in a range of 0.012×10-6~1.2×10-6 g/mL (EY), 0.23×10-6~2.3×10-6 g/mL (Ery) or 0.24×10-6~1.5×10-6 g/mL (DBF), and the detection limit(3σ) was 0.003 6×10-6 g/mL (EY), 0.070×10-6 g/mL(Ery) or 0.025×10-6 g/mL (DBF), separately. The optimal conditions of the reaction and the properties of analytical chemistry were investigated. Therefore, a new method for the determination of ABOB by RRS was developed. The method has a high sensitivity and good selectivity, which has been applied to the determination of ABOB in serum and urine samples with satisfactory results. In addtion, the formation of the ion associaiation complexes, the reaction mechanism and the reasons of scattering enhanced has been discussed.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFET DE L'INOCULATION SUBSÉQUENTE DU VIRUS SV<sub>40</sub> SUR LA TRANSPLANTATION DE CELLULES TRANSFORMÉES PAR CE VIRUS

The inoculation of SV 40 virus during the few days following the transplantation of SV 40 -transformed cells to adult hamsters inhibits the development of the transplanted tumors. The number and the size of the tumors are markedly reduced relative to those developing in control animals inoculated with medium 199.The animals that were resistant to the first transplantation, and those where the tumors were excised, showed an increased resistance to a second transplantation effected after an interval of 8 months.These results are interpreted as supporting the view that the transplantation of virus-transformed cells, and the development of the transplanted tumor, induce complex immunological reactions. The homologous oncogenic virus can be used to modify favorably the balance between cellular and humoral immune reactions conducive to the development of the tumor.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Persistence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Heterotrophic Drinking-Water Biofilms

ABSTRACT Although the route of transmission of Helicobacter pylori remains unknown, drinking water has been considered a possible transmission vector. It has been shown previously that, in water, biofilms are a protective niche for several pathogens, protecting them from stressful conditions, such as low carbon concentration, shear stress, and less-than-optimal temperatures. In this work, the influence of these three parameters on the persistence and cultivability of H. pylori in drinking-water biofilms was studied. Autochthonous biofilm consortia were formed in a two-stage chemostat system and then inoculated with the pathogen. Total numbers of H. pylori cells were determined by microscopy using a specific H. pylori 16S rRNA peptide nucleic acid probe, whereas cultivable cells were assessed by standard plating onto selective H. pylori medium. Cultivable H. pylori could not be detected at any time point, but the ability of H. pylori cells to incorporate, undergo morphological transformations, persist, and even agglomerate in biofilms for at least 31 days without a noticeable decrease in the total cell number (on average, the concentration was between 1.54 × 10 6 and 2.25 × 10 6 cells cm −2 ) or in the intracellular rRNA content may indicate that the loss of cultivability was due to entry into a viable but noncultivable state. Unlike previous results obtained for pure-culture H. pylori biofilms, shear stress did not negatively influence the numbers of H. pylori cells attached, suggesting that the autochthonous aquatic bacteria have an important role in retaining this pathogen in the sessile state, possibly by providing suitable microaerophilic environments or linking biomolecules to which the pathogen adheres. Therefore, biofilms appear to provide not only a safe haven for H. pylori but also a concentration mechanism so that subsequent sloughing releases a concentrated bolus of cells that might be infectious and that could escape routine grab sample microbiological analyses and be a cause of concern for public health.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Politics of <i>Haya</i>: Embodied Materiality of Piety as Everyday Resistance among British Muslim Women in Ayisha Malik's Fiction

Abstract This article explores how an ethical practice of modesty, represented in Ayisha Malik’s novels Sofia Khan Is Not Obliged (2015), and The Other Half of Happiness (2017), serves as an act of everyday resistance in the context of the issue of gender inequality in postcolonial South Asian Britain. It attempts to understand how religious modalities of agency, shown in the form of wearing hijab, operate against the dominant structures of power. However, drawing on Saba Mahmood’s theorisation of women’s agency in Politics of Piety (2004) as an embodied modality of action rather than simply a synonym for resistance to social norms, this article further argues that the female body in this fiction reshapes the understanding of religious experience through the conception of an embodied materiality of everyday resistance.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Advance of Pentecostalism in China, 1907–1937

This chapter examines the many independent activities by tenacious Pentecostal missionaries that resulted in the formation of Chinese Pentecostal Churches. It reveals the individual, and often obscure, stories of western and Chinese Christians in the early twentieth century who were united in their commitment to evangelism. Pentecostal mission flourished in northern and inland China through a shared expectation of revival and, increasingly, a recognition of the necessity of organisational structures to sustain missionary activities.

Topic: Vietnamese History and Culture Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Youth Heterotopias in Precarious Times

Under the structural restraints of the current financial, social and political crisis, I examine the case of a collectivity of students in Greece as an alternative small-scale form of political and cultural action, and I explore its dynamics and limits. I claim that the ‘collectivity’ is a form of heterotopia, that is, a specific social and cultural space, which somehow reflects and at the same time distorts, unsettles or inverts other spaces. In particular, I seek to uncover the rituals, practices and mentalities produced by the participants of this youth cultural space, and to understand how new subjectivities and collectivities come into being. In this context, I discuss some of the relevant literature on youth political participation. Furthermore, I illustrate the debate about ‘autonomy’ and ‘hegemony’ within social and political theory today.

Topic: Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Unconventional Long-Range Cation Ordering in Copper Selenide Nanocrystals

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUnconventional Long-Range Cation Ordering in Copper Selenide NanocrystalsJaeyoung HeoJaeyoung HeoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesMore by Jaeyoung Heo, Daniel Dumett TorresDaniel Dumett TorresDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesMore by Daniel Dumett Torres, and Prashant K. Jain*Prashant K. JainDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesMaterials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesBeckman Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Prashant K. Jainhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-3972Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 1, 68–72Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2018Publication History Received11 December 2018Revised19 December 2018Published online20 December 2018Published inissue 8 January 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04053https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04053rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1302Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Defects in solids,Lattices,Layers,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bismuth(I) tetrachloroaluminate. Spectrophotometric study of its equilibrium formation in the gas phase

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBismuth(I) tetrachloroaluminate. Spectrophotometric study of its equilibrium formation in the gas phaseJohn D. Corbett and Richard A. LyndeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 8, 1746–1749Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50102a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50102a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diversification, Diversity and Systemic Risk in European Banking

The recent financial crisis has revealed the unexpected fragility of financial systems in the industrialized countries. The process of national deregulation that started in the 1980s led to an intense process of consolidation of financial institutions. Consequently, both in the United States and in Europe, the degree of concentration in banking systems increased significantly.KeywordsStock ReturnTotal AssetSystemic RiskStock PrexEuropean Central BankThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A new entropy-based algorithm for face localization

Detecting and localizing a face in a single image is the most important part of almost all face recognition systems. Face localization aims to determine the image position of a face for verification purpose of documents such as passport, driving license, ID cards, etc. In this paper an entropy-based method is proposed for detecting the high information region of the image, which may include eyes, mouth, nose, etc. The derived regions in this stage of recognition are sent to feature extraction and classification phase. The method has been tested on the ORL database. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for face detection and localization in presence of white additive Gaussian noise up to 25 dBw. We have achieved localization rate 99.75% for detection of faces in the ORL data set that we had which means 1 miss over 400 ORL faces.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New public-key cryptosystem

Abstract The development of a new public-key cryptosystem is discussed. This system is a hybrid combination of the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and knapsack crypto-systems. The message is encrypted in two stages using the knapsack algorithm followed by the RSA algorithm, and then decrypted in reverse order. The mathematics of the knapsack and RSA algorithms, a security analysis of the hybrid system, and a small computer simulation example are all included. The major advantages of this system, when compared with the knapsack and RSA crypto-systems, are higher speed and greater security.

Topic: Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences