jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Halife El-Kâdir Döneminde Bağdat'ta Yaşanan Dinî-Siyasî Hadiseler ve Onun Sünnî Siyaseti

<b>Religious and Political Events in Baghdad During the Reign of Caliph Al-Qâdir and His Sunni Policy</b><br>In the Abbasid History, the century from the beginning of the Caliphate of alQadir (h. 381-422/991-1031) until the death of Seljuki Sultan Malikshah (h. 485/1092) is an important period in terms of the religious and political movements and the events wich took place in Baghdad. It is in this period that Abbasid Caliphs concentrated this efforts to regain military power, religious authority and credibility of the caliphate that was threaten by the Shiite EBuwayhid rulers assaults on Abbasids. Further, during the reign of the Caliph al-Qadir, the Ghaznawids and later during the reign of Caliph alQaim, the Seljukids entered into the process of Sunni Islams regaining political protection and support against other sects by means of explaining the Sunni creed. For these reasons this century in Islamic history can be called the period of political and religious revival.<br>In this regard, this article will deal with the political and religious events in Baghdad during the caliphate of al-Qadir, his policy of protecting and making Sunni Islam as the dominant view; and as well as the consequences of his efforts to protect the Abbasid Caliphate against the Buwayhid and Fâtmû pressure and threats, in the chronological order.<br><br>https://www.marife.org/marife/article/view/205

Topic: Families in Therapy and Culture
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Performance Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in City Scenario for VANET

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sanjoy Das, Ram Shringar Raw, Indrani Das; Performance Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in City Scenario for VANET. AIP Conf. Proc. 26 December 2011; 1414 (1): 257–261. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3669968 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Motor disorders in basal ganglia disease.

The clinical motor symptoms of basal ganglia disease are explored in relation to possible functions of this region of the human brain. It is concluded that Parkinsonian akinesia, and the dyskinesias of chorea, hemiballism and torsion dystonia are likely to represent the critical abnormalities of motor action in human basal ganglia lesions. These motor disorders involve most muscles, all classes of movement, and the individual sequential components of movement, but spare the overall motor plan. It is suggested that Parkinsonian akinesia is due to putaminal dysfunction disrupting the normal automatic execution of learned motor plans. The dyskinesias of chorea, hemiballism and torsion dystonia are conceived as being due to dysfunction of other strio-pallidal regions superimposed upon the normal function of the motor strio-pallidal system.

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Experimental Examination of Nest‐Site Segregation by Two Peromyscus Species

The role of interspecific competition for nest sites in the coexistence of the white—footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis) and the cloudland deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae) was experimentally investigated in the montane forests of southwestern Virginia. Radiotelemetry was used on control grids, with both species present, and reciprocal removal grids to contrast nest—site selection with and without contraspecifics present. On control grids, Peromyscus maniculatus used only arboreal nests while P. leucopus used both ground and arboreal nests. In addition, relative to P. maniculatus, those P. leucopus which did select arboreal nests, used lower cavities and trees of smaller diameter at breast height (dbh). These results provide strong evidence for vertical nest—site segregation, and confirmed observations from previous studies. Though both species demonstrated shifts in nest selection between treatments in the removal experiment, the analysis of the P. maniculatus response was statistically suspect and both responses appeared to be ecologically insignificant (that is, shifts were not towards the type of nest site used by the removed species). Additionally, home range analysis and examination of nest availability suggest that large portions of suitable habitat on each grid may not have been used and that nest sites were not a limiting resource. We suggest, therefore, that interspecific competition for nest sites was probably not important to co—existence during the course of the study.

Topic: Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aggregate Demand Effects of Changing Population Age Structure

Abstract This chapter reports some of the preliminary findings on U.S. patterns of consumption and saving. The macrolevel studies find very strong and significant age structure effects on a wide range of phenomena from inflation and interest rates to housing and other durable goods expenditures. The chapter shows pronounced age effects on patterns of expenditure and saving, but it also indicates that the dependency effect dramatically changes as national per capita income rises. The overall net effect of children on savings is negative at low levels of real per capita income, but in post-WWII United States, children began to cause a reduction in overall consumption as a share of income, relative to the average, rather than an increase. Additionally, the baby boom has had a major impact on the U.S. economy. Changes in age structure would have induced swings of up to 25 percent in total consumption demand during the twentieth century.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Insurance against poverty? The 'new-generation' agricultural microinsurance schemes

Insurance has often been proposed as a remedy for risk, which in turn is a major cause of poverty (World Development Report 2000/2001). However, the history of insurance schemes (especially crop insurance schemes) in developing countries is unpromising with relation to both financial sustainability and poverty reduction. Is it possible to do better? As part of the diversification of microfinance, some new schemes aim to make progress by way of cost-covering premiums, poverty targeting and a range of defences against moral hazard of which the best known is restricting the insurance to climatic hazards in lieu of a yield or income guarantee. We examine three of these schemes (BASIX Andhra Pradesh, India; CERUDEB Uganda; and the proposed WIA in Ethiopia) and, with respect to CERUDEB, describe the process of premium setting, the results of sensitivity analyses and the determination of the optimal 'excess' or deductible. Serious impact analysis is premature, but the portents for filling a gap in the market and reducing poverty without running losses look promising.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Row Orientation on Productivity Of Sugarcane With Potato as Intercrop

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Sugarcrop Research Station (RSRS) farm, Thakurgaon under the agro-ecological zone of Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of Bangladesh, during 2016-2017 to 2017-2018 cropping seasons to evaluate the impact of row orientation on the productivity of sugarcane with potato as intercrop. Under the study eight treatments viz T1: Single row cane (SRC) only in north-south direction, T2: SRC + potato in North-South direction, T3: SRC only in east-west direction, T4: SRC + potato in east-west direction,T5: Paired row cane (PRC) only in North-South direction, T6: PRC + potato in north-south direction, T7: PRC only in east-west direction and T8: PRC + potato in east-west direction were tested following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications Significant differences were found among the observed parameters except germination (%) of setts, number of internodes per stalk and unit stalk weight of sugarcane. The highest number of tiller and millable cane population, cane yield and brix reading were achieved from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. The highest intercrop yield, equivalent cane yield of intercrop, total adjusted yield and gross return were obtained from the treatment PRC + potato in north-south direction, but the highest net return and benefit cost ratio were obtained from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. Having the highest cane yield, net return and benefit cost ratio with less variable cost, sugarcane planting in a single row system with potato as intercrop in a North-South row direction could be considered the best package practice for successful sugarcane farming. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 7-15

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of chelated zinc and iron on the uptake and quality parameters of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The field experiment entitled Effect of Chelated zinc and iron on Summer Groundnut of uptake and quality parameters was undertaken during the summer 2022-23 at Oilseed Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors (Soil application and Foliar spray of chelated micronutrients (Zn EDTA and Fe EDDHA) replicated three times. The results of the present investigation revealed that, the uptake of N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn of summer groundnut was significantly highest with Soil application of chelated zinc and iron S3 (100% RDF + Zn EDTA @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Fe EDDHA @ 1.5 kg ha-1) along with foliar spray of chelated zinc and iron F3 (Zn EDTA @ 0.5% + Fe EDDHA @ 1.0% at 35 and 65 DAS). The highest protein and oil content is in Soil application of chelated zinc and iron S3 (100% RDF + Zn EDTA @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Fe EDDHA @ 1.5 kg ha-1) along with foliar spray of chelated iron and zinc F3 (Zn EDTA @ 0.5% + Fe EDDHA @ 1.0% at 35 and 65 DAS) and this was non -significant among the treatments.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF <i>AMITUS</i> (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, PLATYGASTRIDAE) OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

Abstract Collections of Amitus (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Platygastridae) from the Western Hemisphere are referred to the following species: from Canada and the United States, A . aleurodinis Haldeman, A . granulosus n. sp., and A . gibbosus n. sp.; from Mexico and South America, A. spiniferus (Brethes), A . pigeanus n. sp., A . hesperidum Silvestri, and A . fuscipennis n. sp. A lateral plate-like process on the male fourth antennal segment is regarded as a phenocline, characteristic of species or species groups.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ERNEST LEPAGE AND ARTHEME DUTILLY, THEIR TRAVELS AND HERBARIA

Summary Brief biographies of E. Lepage and A. Dutilly, two major botanical explorers in northern Canada and Alaska. Summary of their botanical itineraries. Brief description of their herbaria and their successive locations.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
E-Government and Digitalization as Catalysts for Organizational Transformation and Public Service Efficiency in Indonesian Local Governments

Digital transformation in Indonesian local government plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and accountability of public services. The implementation of egovernment, which integrates information technology into government systems, has significant potential to streamline bureaucratic processes, expedite decision-making, and improve interaction between the government and the public. However, despite this great potential, significant barriers remain, such as the digital divide, limited infrastructure, and the lack of digital literacy, especially in less developed areas. Using a literature review methodology, this study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between digitalization, organizational design of local government agencies, and public service efficiency. The findings of this study indicate that the success of e-government implementation heavily depends on the development of digital infrastructure, human resource capacity, and the alignment of organizational structures at the regional level. The study also identifies gaps in e-government implementation caused by unequal digital access and emphasizes the importance of organizational reform to maximize the benefits of digital transformation. This research contributes by providing deeper insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by local governments in digitalization and offers recommendations for improving public service efficiency in Indonesia.

Topic: Taxation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ionic Perylenetetracarboxdiimides: Highly Fluorescent and Water‐Soluble Dyes for Biolabeling

Es kommt Farbe ins Spiel: Wasserlösliche und hoch fluoreszente Perylentetracarboxdiimide (PDIs) wurden in hohen Ausbeuten durch Einführung geladener Gruppen in die Einbuchtung der PDI-Struktur erhalten (siehe Bild; C grau, H weiß, S gelb, O rot). Die Farbstoffe sind nichttoxisch und können daher zur Färbung lebender Zellen genutzt werden.

Topic: Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Postoperative Evaluation of Myocardial Blood Flow in Aorta-to-Coronary Artery Vein Bypass Grafts Using the Xenon-Residue Detection Technic

By the use of the xenon-residue detection technic, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was assessed 3-17 months after surgery in nine patients with an aorta-to-left anterior descending bypass (LAD-BP), in nine patients with an aorta-to-right coronary artery bypass (RCA-BP), and in two patients with both LAD-and RCA-BP. In addition, MBF was registered in the corresponding main coronary artery. In each case coronary angiography revealed a patent vein graft. LAD-BP flow averaged 58 ml/min/100 g, this being slightly lower than the average flow value recorded after injection into the main left coronary artery of these patients (64 ml/min/100 g). LAD-BP flow did not differ from the value recorded in 20 normal subjects (63.9 ml/min/100 g). In contrast, average RCA-BP flow amounted to 47.1 ml/min/100 g and was significantly higher than the values recorded in the obstructed main RCA of these patients (22.1 ml/min/100 g) ( P &lt; 0.0025) or those observed in 20 patients with severe disease of the right coronary artery (34.9 ml/min/100 g) ( P &lt; 0.025); no difference was seen between RCA-BP flow and the average of 20 normal subjects (46.1 ml/min/100 g). In six patients a two-to threefold increase of BP flow was found during exercise (50-100 w). Total coronary vascular resistance showed a similar behavior to MBF, not differing in the bypass area from the values obtained in the normal control groups. It is concluded that the venous bypass procedure substantially increases perfusion at rest and during exercise and that a good correlation exists between MBF and postoperative angiography.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Enhanced Visual Cues for Runway Approach and Runway Safety Areas

In an effort to increase situational awareness among pilots and vehicle operators at U.S. civil airports, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of Safety and Standards Airport Engineering Division has proposed updating its standards for runway approach hold position signage and marking based on recommendations proposed by the FAA Approach Hold Workgroup. The Airport Safety Research and Development Branch at the William J. Hughes Technical Center was tasked with evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the recommended signs and markings. Operational evaluations were then conducted at three airports: Chicago O’Hare International Airport, Nashville International Airport, and Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport. It was found that a majority of aircraft and ground vehicle operators agreed that inclusion of the departure runway increased situational awareness and that the signs were understandable at an adequate distance. However, some aircraft and ground vehicle operators did report the additional information made the signs more difficult to understand. This indicates the meaning of the proposed signage and surface marking may not be intuitive for some aircraft and ground vehicle operators without additional training and familiarization. It was found that the level of air traffic control (ATC) workload initially increased at the Chicago O’Hare International Airport after the signage was installed but decreased over time as aircraft and ground vehicle operators became more accustomed to the changes. The survey data show the proposed signage and Pattern B marking increased awareness that stopping at approach hold locations was conditional on explicit ATC instructions rather than mandatory. It is recommended that this signage be installed as a pair of separate sign units with full-sized legend text. The energy and maintenance costs for airport operators are projected to be proportional to the size of the proposed signs installed. It is advised that extensive pilot and vehicle operator education and outreach be conducted prior to the proposed changes going into effect.

Topic: Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
What Exactly is Antimatter (Gravitationally Speaking)?

There has been renewed interest in the idea of antigravity -- that matter and antimatter repel gravitationally - in lieu of the recent beautiful ALPHA-g result for the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen of $a_{\bar{H}}=(0.75\pm 0.13~({\rm stat.+syst.})\pm 0.16~({\rm simulation}))g$. Precision tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) have shown that binding energy (atomic, nuclear, and nucleonic) acts like matter under gravity. Whereas the contribution of atomic binding energy to the mass of antihydrogen is negligible, the majority of the mass of the antiproton comes from the gluonic binding energy. Hence, in terms of antigravity, the antiproton is mostly composed of matter and so even if the antimatter content of the antiproton is repelled by the Earth, there would still be a net attraction of the antihydrogen to the Earth because of its dominant matter content. Using recent Lattice QCD results showing that around two-thirds of the mass of the proton (and, hence, from the $CPT$ Invariance of QCD, of the antiproton) is due to gluons, I find that in the antigravity scenario the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen would be $a_{\bar{H}}=(0.33^{+0.23}_{-0.11})g$. The fact that antinucleons are more matter than antimatter (in the gravitational sense) leads to quite different cosmological consequences than the naive antigravity scenario (where antistars are wholly antimatter). For example, it follows naturally that there is a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe right from the instant of the Big Bang -- but not a baryon-antibaryon asymmetry. Again, this stems simply from the fact that antibaryons are more matter than antimatter.

Topic: Scientific Research and Discoveries
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lectin-induced thermostable SE-rosette (TSER) formation by human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Lectin-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were able to form thermostable rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Capability to form thermostable rosettes (TSER) after lectin treatment was comparable in time kinetics and dose dependence to cell size distribution changes. Enhancement of TSER formation by human lymphocytes exposed to PHA and Con A, however, occurred before 3H-Thymidine incorporation could been registered. Lectin treatment of lymphocytes from 20 healthy donors for 48 hrs induced 49 +/- 4% (PHA), 33 +/- 5% (Con A), and 20 +/- 2% (PWM) thermostable rosette forming cells, whereas in unstimulated cultures were found 4 +/- 1%. Furthermore, thermostable rosette forming cells were enriched by gradient centrifugation and characterized as activated lymphocytes of T-origin by SE rosetting and binding studies with various monoclonal antibodies. It was shown that preparation of TSER forming cells after lectin activation makes it possible to enrich the fraction of lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Critically understanding the platformization of the public sphere

The platformization of the public sphere refers to the increasing dominance of digital platforms in shaping public discourse, access to information, and the production and dissemination of political content. The public sphere, where citizens inform themselves and engage in political debates, is being transformed by global private corporations like Alphabet and Meta. Their platforms exercise control over cultural producers, political actors, and the distribution of information and communication resources. At the same time, in a context of multiple crises of liberal democracies under capitalism, they offer personalization of content, services, and experiences contributing to the fragmentation of the political landscape. Thus, the platformized public sphere bears a fundamental contradiction in that it emerges through the dialectics between concentration and fragmentation. This has significant implications for freedom of expression, journalism, and the way public discourse is constructed and disseminated. The aim of this issue is to shed light on these fundamental stakes.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences