jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chromium Exposure and Related Health Effects among Tannery Workers in Kenya

Background. There is increasing concern over the health effects of chromium (Cr) exposure stemming from various activities in tanneries in Kenya. Chromium is a toxic metal in its hexavalent form, a...

Topic: Chromium effects and bioremediation
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improving on-line signature skillfulness

One of the biggest challenges in on-line signature verification is the detection of counterfeited signatures. Recently, novel schemes based on the kinematic theory of rapid human movements and its associated Sigma-Lognormal model has been proposed to improve the detection of on-line skilled forgeries. But for a more realistic and reliable estimation of the forgery detection rate, we would need more challenging on-line forgeries than those included in current databases. To get better on-line skilled forgeries, this paper aimed at leveraging the Sigma-Lognormal model to improve the skill of any online forged signature. Specifically, we propose to replace the original velocity profile of any on-line signature by a synthetic Sigma-Lognormal profile. The new profile emulates a genuine-like velocity profiles without modifying the original ballistic trajectory. Experimental results were performed with the 132 on-line users of publicly BiosecureID database. It is shown that the detection rate of forgeries is significantly worsened when the velocity profile is replaced by the synthetic one. A countermeasure to detect this kind of improved fake signatures is also proposed.

Topic: Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Traumatic "windblown knees": case report of bilateral knee ligament rupture of the opposite compartment of contralateral knees.

An unusual case of rupture of the medial and posterior ligaments of the left knee, and lateral ligaments of the right knee, due to a direct vehicular blow is reported. Surgical repair of the left knee and conservative treatment of the right (lateral ligaments) gave excellent results. The types of lesions produced on each knee could almost be predicted by the sites of skin abrasions.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TNF-α stimulates increased plasma membrane guanine nucleotide binding protein activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Abstract TNF-α enhances the response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to chemoattractants: however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We addressed the hypothesis that TNF-α enhances the PMN response to chemoattractants by increasing chemoattractant receptor transmembrane signaling, using fMLP as the model chemoattractant. fMLP-stimulated guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein activation was significantly increased in plasma membranes isolated from PMNs exposed to TNF-α 100 U/ml for 10 minutes (TNF-M), compared to membranes from control cells (CM). Formyl peptide receptor number and affinity were not significantly different in CM and TNF-M. Gi and G3 content were increased in TNF-M as measured by pertussis toxin and cholera toxin (CT) catalyzed ADP-ribosylation, respectively. The increased Gi was coupled to the formyl peptide receptor as shown by receptor-specific CT labeling of Gi. Immunoblot analysis showed that both Gαi2 and Gα3 were increased in TNF-M. The functional activity of the increased G protein content was demonstrated by increased NaF-stimulated phospholipase D activity in TNF-α-treated PMNs. We conclude that TNF-α rapidly stimulates increased PMN plasma membrane expression of G proteins that couple formyl peptide receptors to effector enzymes. Regulation of G protein expression may be a significant mechanism by which TNF regulates PMN function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57: 500–506; 1995.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Graded Levels of Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa L.) on Performance, Organ Weight and Serum Cholesterol Levels on Broilers

Background: Hemp seed (HS) has high protein with good quality and more than 90% of its fats are polyunsaturated fatty acids. Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of graded levels of HS on performance, organ weight (OW), and serum cholesterol levels on broilers. Methods: 192 male broiler chicks (1 d old-ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design with 4 dietary treatments: control (without HS), 2.5, 5 and 7.5% HS in 4 replications (12 birds/pen). Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured and calculated at the end of each wk. At the end of 6th wk, to determine serum lipids (1 bird/pen) and OW (2 birds/pen) were randomly selected. Results: WG on 0 – 21 d (p<0.01) and 0 – 42 d (p<0.05) were significantly affected by HS levels. Increasing dietary HS levels significantly decreased total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and liver weight relativity percentage (p<0.05) and increased HDL (p<0.01) levels in serum. HS levels had no significant effect on WG 22 – 42 d, FCR, FI and other organs weight relativity percentage (p >0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion highest levels of HS used in this experiment could be apply to reduce serum cholesterol and saturated fatty acids and increasing meat quality to improve human health as target consumer.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Medically tailored meal kits as a means of decreasing healthcare utilization in primary care patients with heart failure

CONTEXT: It is well established that providing meal support to primary care patients with chronic disease can drastically reduce healthcare utilization costs. However, most of the supporting research has been conducted with ready-to-heat/eat meals delivered to patients. Our research is investigating whether meal kits paired with a culinary medicine class component can help further reduce utilization in underserved populations by providing medically tailored meals and providing hands-on nutrition education. OBJECTIVE: Determine if a 3-month-long meal kit service paired with targeted cooking classes improves quality of life amongst primary care patients with Heart Failure and at least one ED visit/Hospitalization visit in the past year. STUDY DESIGN: Mixed-methods pilot study evaluated impact of meal kits and cooking classes on quality of life. SETTING: Primary Care FQHC in Boston, MA. POPULATION STUDIED: Ten patients are 18 years or older, primary care patients, able to consent to participate, diagnosis of CHF NYHA class II, III or IV per medical record, at least one hospitalization or ED visit between 2/1/2019 and 7/1/2020, access to a kitchen with available refrigeration and heating element, speak and read English or Spanish. INTERVENTION: Program consisted of 6 bi-weekly cooking classes and weekly meal kits with ingredients for 14 meals per week. Due to COVID-19, classes were virtual and meal kits were delivered to patients’ doors. Classes were in English and Spanish. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre-, mid-, and post-intervention surveys collected info regarding nutritional understanding of the patient’s disease, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and Quality of Life Survey (QOLS) (English and Spanish). RESULTS: Six patients were female, four male. Majority (70%) had a high school diploma or less and made less than $35,000 (80%). Patients rated their health on a scale from 0 to 100: Pre: 49.6, Mid: 62.2, Post: 71.8 (p < 0.05). Multiple changes occurred over the three-month time period in patients’ MLHFQ. By the intervention end, fewer patients had issues with their heart failure than at the beginning. CONCLUSIONS: The meal kits and targeted cooking classes had an impact on the quality of life for the ten included patients with heart failure.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: NMR and X‐Ray Studies of Penta‐ and Hexaborane Alkyl Derivatives Involving (3.3.1) and (3.3.2) Ring Systems.

Abstract The structure of the boron bridge substituted nido‐pentaborane (III) (space group P1, Z=4) reveals that the 9‐borabicyclononane fragment retains its chair‐chair conformation.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Social work faculty attitudes towards diversity and oppression content in MSW curricula

The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) has mandated teaching both multicultural diversity and oppression content since the first decade of the 21st century. Yet, little research examines social work faculty's attitudes toward the content they teach. A national online survey of faculty teaching in accredited MSW programs across the United States was conducted to investigate faculty's attitudes toward content related to diversity, oppression, and social and economic justice. This paper examines (a) faculty's attitudes toward diversity and oppression content, (b) faculty's perceived importance of content on social groups (e.g. different social classes) compared to content on oppression (e.g. classism), and (c) the factors that predict faculty's attitudes. Findings revealed that faculty are generally supportive of most diversity and oppression content, with some notable exceptions. However, results indicated that faculty perceive content on diversity as more important than its corresponding oppression content. Lastly, faculty who indicated that their school had more resources on diversity and oppression reported higher perceived importance of including this content in their courses. The current study reveals there can be a discrepancy between how faculty think about this content and the CSWE curriculum policy. Findings have implications for education, workshops and training for social work faculty.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Emerging Trends in Family Caregiving Using the Life Course Perspective: Preparing Health Educators for an Aging Society

Background: As life expectancy and morbidity related to chronic disease increase, the baby boomers will be called upon to provide care to aging members of their family or to be care recipients themselves. Purpose: Through the theoretical lens of the life course perspective, this review of the literature provides insight into what characteristics of baby boomers separate them from previous caregiving cohorts and how these characteristics will affect family caregiving. Methods: A systematic process to identify literature was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Findings suggest multiple emerging trends related to caregiving, including (1) increasing use of digital technology for information gathering and support, (2) more diversity among caregivers and care recipients, (3) strained finances and loss of entitlements, (4) more complex care and care management, (5) demand for public policies related to caregiving, and (6) balancing work, family, chronic disease, and caregiving. Discussion: Examining the literature related to family caregiving and baby boomers through a life course perspective offers a unique and more complete understanding of emerging trends related to chronic disease management. Translation to Health Education Practice: These emerging trends offer health educators implications for strategies and best practices intended to support those involved in family caregiving.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence of ‘Mycoplasma wenyonii’ and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy cattle herds

Mycoplasma wenyonii (fmr. Eperythrozoon wenyonii) is a hemotrophic, epicellular bacterial parasite of cattle and is associated with clinical disorders including hemolytic anemia, decreased milk yield, and scrotal, teat, and hindlimb edema. M. wenyonii and related organism, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos have been found in apparently healthy cattle in other countries, but little is known about their prevalence in the U.S. The objective of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to determine herd-level prevalence of M. wenyonii and C.M. haemobos in dairy cattle located in WI and MI.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
On Safety of Unary and Nonunary IFP Operators

The article investigates the safety of unary inflationary fixed point operators (IFP-operators), i.e., their computability in finitely many steps. Such operators correspond exactly to recursive SQL queries. Therefore, the problem under investigation is directly related to database theory. The problem arises from the fact that if recursion and universe relations, e.g., addition, are simultaneously used in a SQL query, then a query evaluation can fall into an infinite loop. Moreover, such a combination makes it possible to model a universal computing device, e.g., a Turing machine. Hence, the problem of finite computability for such SQL queries is undecidable. In our previous works, we established some properties of a universe those guarantee the finite computability of any IFP-operator in the universe. In this article, we investigate a connection between an arity of IFP-operators and their safety. The main result of this article is that some results for general IFP-operators do not hold for unary ones. An instance of a universe is constructed in which all unnested unary IFP-operators are safe. However, there are unsafe binary IFP-operators in this universe. Therefore, IFP-operators can become unsafe if the arity changes. In addition, there are unsafe nested unary operators. This contrasts with the general case in which this is impossible. There are also elementary equivalent universes where the same unary IFP-operators are unsafe. This behavior is also different from the behavior of general IFP-operators.

Topic: Numerical Methods and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fast‐pulsed electrochemical detection at noble metal electrodes: The frequency‐dependent response at gold electrodes for chromatographically separated carbohydrates

Abstract Waveforms used in pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) have frequencies of ca. 1 Hz when optimized to give a maximum signal‐to‐noise ratio ( S / N ) for carbohydrates. However, higher frequencies are desired for application of PED to capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microcolumn lipuid chromatography (MLC), which can produce narrow elution peaks. Minimization of the time periods for oxidative cleaning and reductive reactivation in PED waveforms generated by the Dionex pulsed Electrochemical Detector allows the increase in waveform frequency to ca. 3 Hz without change in the traditional time period of 200 ms, prescribed for integration of the anodic current. However, further increase in frequency requires a decrease in the integration period with a corresponding loss of signal strength.

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Subfield: Electrochemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Determination of Activation Cross Section by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

A quick and easy way of determining activation cross sections by the analysis of γ-ray spectra is described. To determine cross sections by this method, it is not necessary to measure the neutron flux density, to undertake any chemical separation process, nor to use enriched target substances. To ascertain the validity of the method, the activation cross section of 102Ru(n,γ) 102Ru reaction was obtained, resulting in the value of 1.37±0.132 barns, which compares well with published data of 1.44±0.16 barns, determined by another method.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
From lockdown to <i>rāhui</i> and teddy bears in windows: Initial responses to Covid‐19 in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Scholarly examinations of states of emergency frequently underscore how the crisis imaginary is employed to rapidly and unjustifiably expand state power. This line of analysis affords great insight into the misuse of state power. It also, however, tends to depict the citizenry as either weak and overwhelmed or at best, duped by the workings of the state, and thus ignores the possibility of democratic processes continuing within a state of emergency. Aotearoa/New Zealand’s response to Covid‐19 reveals a collaborative dynamic in which the citizenry actively engaged in constituting the state of emergency, and suggests the need for a broader examination of how collective responsibility, care and blame are envisioned and enacted, not only by governments but by (neo‐liberal) citizenries during times of national crisis.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LOW POWER MULTIPLIERSUSINGENHENCED ROW BYPASSING SCHEMES

either freezing itsinputs orgating thelogic evaluation. The former approach requires either input gating ormultiplexing Inthis paper, weproposed twonovel lowpowermultipliers circuits whilethelatter approach needsextra gating logic based onenhanced rowbypassing schemes. Theessence of along theevaluation path. Theoutput signal bypassing must thepowersavingideais eliminating unnecessary berealized byamultiplexer. Itisevident that either gating computation viasignal bypassing. Inanarray multiplier, logic ormultiplexing circuitry will introduce circuit, power futile computations occur onthose columns orrowsofadder andpossibly delay overheads. Inparticular, ifthepower corresponding tozerobits intheinput operands. Previoussaving scheme isapplied toafiner circuit granularity, the designs resort toinput gating andoutput multiplexing to circuit andpoweroverheads might becomesignificant. accomplish signal bypassing. The proposed designs, Therefore, thepowersaving schememustbecarefully however, successfully resolve theadverse DC power implemented sothat thesaving will notbeadversely offset consumption problem duetovoltage lossingated signalsbytheoverhead. andimplement themultiplexing mechanism cleverly via In[5], acoarsegrain powersaving scheme ispresented. clock CMOS (C2MOS) circuitry. Twoversions ofthedesignAnarray multiplier isfirst partitioned into small clusters and areproposed withoneemphasizing onmaximizing power clock gating isapplied tothose clusters wheneither input is saving andtheother focusing onreduced circuit complexity. zero.Thisapproach requires zeroinput detection circuitry Thecircuit overheads ofbothdesigns areconfined to23.4% andsomeextradatalatches. In[6-7], a delay balanced and12.8%, respectively. Theproposed designs also achieveapproach (between sumandcarry signals) isadopted andthe better andconsistent powersaving thanprevious workunder adder array istiled temporally toalign thesignal transitions. awiderange ofVddandthepowersaving canbeashigh as Theeffectiveness ofthis approach depends onapresumed 17%.

Topic: Low-power high-performance VLSI design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Escherichia coli serotype O157 strains by using a monoclonal antibody

The O157 antigenic determinant of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7, an important bacterial pathogen, resides in the polysaccharide portion of its cellular lipopolysaccharide component which, from structural studies, was identified as a linear polymer of a repeating tetrasaccharide unit composed of D-glucose, L-fucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannose residues (1:1:1:1). Hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against the E. coli O157 antigen were obtained by fusion of myeloma cells with lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with killed E. coli O157:117 cells. Clones were selected for binding specificity with purified O polysaccharide. One monoclonal antibody used in direct slide agglutinations or in coagglutination reactions with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 cells sensitized with the affinity column-purified antibody accurately detected all strains of E. coli O157 tested. This selected monoclonal antibody did not agglutinate E. coli strains such as E. coli O7 and E. coli O116 or other bacteria which are known to give positive agglutinations with conventional polyclonal E. coli antisera. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibody is a superior specific-typing reagent.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Factors Associated with Utilization of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth

Objective Weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation reduces the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Limited data suggest poor adherence to published guidelines. This study aimed to identify factors associated with 17OHP-C utilization. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered within one academic health system between January 2014 and December 2015. Eligible women had a history of ≥1 singleton sPTB. Primary outcomes were counseling about, receipt of, and adherence to 17OHP-C therapy. Demographic and clinical predictors of the primary outcomes were determined using stepwise logistic regression. Results Of 410 eligible subjects, 69% (N = 284) were counseled about and 36% (N = 148) received 17OHP-C. Hispanic ethnicity, delay in prenatal care initiation, and a history of prior term births were associated with lower odds of 17OHP-C counseling. Each week delay in prenatal care initiation, Hispanic ethnicity, and each additional week's gestation of the earliest prior sPTB decreased the odds of receiving 17OHP-C. Maternal age and prior term births were associated with adherence. Conclusion Utilization of evidence-based 17OHP-C therapy remains suboptimal: cultural and access-to-care barriers for eligible women may impede efforts to decrease recurrent sPTB rates.

Topic: Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hard ticks circulate Anaplasma spp. in South-Khorasan province, Iran

Ticks are vectors for several important zoonoses including different species of Anaplasma. The present study aims to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp. in hard ticks collected from livestock of South-Khorasan province, Iran. A total of 684 livestock were sampled and 269 ticks were collected. Two genera and 6 species of ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma detritium, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma spp. Eleven Hyalomma nymphs and 3 Rhipicephalus nymphs were also identified. 100 Out of 269 ticks were chosen for molecular detection. DNA was extracted followed by PCR technique to detect Anaplasma spp. The presence of Anaplasma spp. was confirmed in 20 out of 100 tested samples (20%). All positive samples collected from Birjand county were Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Results of the present study showed a relatively high infection rate of Anaplasma in hard ticks in South-Khorasan Province.

Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences