jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring medical students’ understanding of non-technical skills: a thematic analysis

Introduction&#x0D; Non-technical skills (NTS) are a developing area of clinical education, partly due to the recognition that poor NTS can contribute to adverse patient events. Simulation is an appropriate teaching environment to consider these skills. Post-scenario discussions often focus on specific NTS, but these may not necessarily be what the participants think of when considering NTS. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse what one group of healthcare professionals, medical students, focused on when observing the NTS of their colleagues in simulated clinical scenarios.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method&#x0D; Medical students from two English universities were asked to observe simulated acute medicine scenarios. They were instructed to document their observations on written worksheets focusing on specific NTS comprising communication, teamwork, task management, decision making, situational awareness and, for the last scenario, a general worksheet asking the students to consider all the NTS discussed so far. These worksheets were then transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to elicit themes that best outlined the students’ perceptions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results &#x0D; Five themes were discovered from analysis of the five NTS from all six worksheets: team dynamics, team communication, awareness of self and events, coping under pressure and misinterpretation of NTS. These themes showed a difference between what the students concentrated on compared to what they were asked to consider. Analysis of these themes gave us an initial understanding of the prior knowledge and assumptions medical students bring with them to discussions on NTS.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions&#x0D; Understanding prior assumptions and interpretations of NTS can better help us understand how to teach the skills effectively and build upon what our students consider important, to help construct new knowledge and skills. As analyses of adverse events in clinical practice often point to errors of NTS as causative factors, improving these skills is an essential aspect of clinical education.

Topic: Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formation Control Algorithm for Swarm Robots Using Virtual Force

In this paper, we propose the formation control algorithm using the leader-following robots in given space. The proposed method is as follows: First, we plan a path of the leader robot for the obstacle avoidance. After that, we propose the formation control algorithm of the following robots using the position and the orientation angle of the leader robot. Also, we propose method for adjusting the formation of the swarm robots when the following robots detect an obstacles. Finally, we show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method though some simulations.

Topic: Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Testing the risk premium and cost-of-carry hypotheses for currency futures contracts

The Risk Premium and Cost-of-Carry hypotheses regarding the pricing of futures contracts are tested using nested and non-nested procedures. Cointegrating relationships among the Australian dollar spot and futures prices, and US and Australian risk-free rates of interest, suggest an error-correction representation for the Risk Premium model, and two alternative error-correction formulations for the Cost of-Carry hypothesis. Two significant structural breaks in the futures price series permit a testing of appropriate models for the full sample in the presence of these breaks, for the full sample without explicitly modelling the breaks, and for various subsamples created by these structural breaks. Unit root and cointegration tests yield alternative non-nested formulations of the Cost-of-Carry model for three different subsamples, thereby leading to the use of nested and non-nested tests. The outcomes of these tests provide substantial support for the Cost-of-Carry hypothesis in the pricing of Australian dollar futures contracts.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
SH111991.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The evolutionary conflict theory of aging

Why we age is an enduring mystery. This manuscript proposes aging is microevolutionarily opposed, but macroevolutionarily favored. Such a conflict between microevolution and macroevolution is highly unusual since traits that are harmful to the organism are usually harmful to the survival of the species. In the case of aging, however, a shorter lifespan makes a species better able to adapt to a changing environment. Conversely, species that age more slowly, and thus live longer, are less adaptable and more likely to go extinct. Drawing on what is known of aging in vertebrates, pathways of aging are identified that agree with this theory. These pathways involve mitochondrial ROS production causing telomeric DNA damage, which leads to cellular senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thymic involution, and age-related diseases. The resulting framework is capable of explaining the seeming intentionality of many age-related diseases, and offers a high level theoretical framework for better understanding them.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prolonged endurance exercise and blood coagulation: a 9 month prospective study

To study the long-term overall effect of physical exercise on blood coagulation, 20 sedentary males and 15 sedentary females were trained three to four times a week with increasing intensity for 9 months. After 24 and 36 weeks all subjects ran a 15 km and a half-marathon (21 km) race, respectively, Blood samples were drawn before the training programme, 5 days before both races and 5 days after the halfmarathon run. Plasma factor VIII coagulant activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration did not increase during the training programme. In both males and females plasma fibrinogen concentration was not enhanced after 24 weeks of training but increased in preparation for the 21 km race and was still raised significantly (P < 0.01) 5 days later. No significant changes in plasma thrombin-antithrombin III concentrations were observed in either group during the training programme. The results of this study demonstrate that an exercise programme of increasing intensity induces physical stress which has significant effects on plasma fibrinogen concentration, even at rest. However, in contrast to acute post-exercise effects, a regular physical fitness programme does not induce a long-term activation of the haemostatic system.

Topic: Blood properties and coagulation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Non-neurological variables and mortality of acute stroke.

Acute stroke is associated with high mortality. While this is the direct consequence of the neurological injury, stroke patients develop a number of physiological abnormalities and complications in the acute phase. Extensive research has produced a plethora of information about these non-neurological variables. Different patients have different abnormalities. Some of these variables have severe adverse effects on mortality, both acute and long term. Some of the variables are pre-existing, while others are non-modifiable. The body responds to cerebral tissue injury in a way that seems to lead to further damage to the brain and other vital systems, and patients usually have more than one variable needing attention. Acute stroke presents as a multisystem disease on the verge of multisystem failure. Although there is lack of evidence of the benefits of correcting the deranged variables, it makes clinical sense that non-neurological variables should be identified, monitored and managed, with the aim of improving the outcome of acute stroke patients.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Computational and experimental progress on laser-activated gas avalanche switches for broadband, high-power electromagnetic pulse generation

The gas avalanche switch, a high-voltage, picosecond-speed switch, has been proposed. The basic switch consists of pulse-charged electrodes, immersed in a high-pressure (7--800 atm) gas. An avalanche discharge is induced in the gas between the electrodes by ionization from a picosecond-scale laser pulse. The avalanching electrons move toward the anode, causing the applied voltage to collapse in picoseconds. This voltage collapse, if rapid enough, generates electromagnetic waves. A two-dimensional (2D), finite difference computer code solves Maxwell's equations for transverse magnetic modes for rectilinear electrodes between parallel plate conductors, along with electron conservation equations for continuity, momentum, and energy. Collision frequencies for ionization and momentum and energy transfer to neutral molecules are assumed to scale linearly with neutral pressure. Electrode charging and laser-driven electron deposition are assumed to be instantaneous. Code calculations are done for a pulse generator geometry, consisting of an 0.7 mm wide by 0.8 mm high, beveled, rectangular center electrode between grounded parallel plates at 2 mm spacing in air. 17 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.

Topic: Pulsed Power Technology Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Use of Minimum Chi-Square Estimation

The method of maximum likelihood estimation is widely used and its sovereignty has been questioned recently by Berkson (1980) who argues that minimum chi-square and not maximum likelihood is the basic principle of statistical inference. In any application a wide range of estimators exist that would be classed by Berkson as minimum chi-square estimators whilst in the literature the definition of such a class is not without ambiguity. This paper reviews some aspects of the history and background to this ambiguity and argues in favour of a wider use of pure minimum chi-square estimation. The usefulness of this method in the wider context of statistical modelling is illustrated by a consideration of the appropriateness of a geometric distribution to some bus passenger frequency data.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hospital Profit Planning under Medicare Reimbursement

The federal Medicare regulations reimburse hospitals on a pro rata share of the hospital's cost. Hence, to meet its financial requirements, a hospital is forced to shift more of the financial burdens onto its private patients. This procedure has contributed to double digit inflation in hospital prices and to proposed federal regulation to control the rate of increase in hospital revenues. In this regulatory environment, we develop nonlinear programming pricing and cost allocation models to aid hospital administrators in meeting their profit maximizing and profit satisficing goals. The model enables administrators to explore tactical issues such as: (i) studying the relationship between a voluntary or legislated cap on a hospital's total revenues and the hospital's profitability, (ii) identifying those departments within the hospital that are the most attractive candidates for cost reduction or cost containment efforts, and (iii) isolating those services that should be singled out by the hospital manager for renegotiation of the prospective or “customary and reasonable” cap. Finally, the modeling approach is helpful in explaining the departmental cross subsidies observed in practice, and can be of aid to federal administrators in assessing the impacts of proposed changes in the Medicare reimbursement formula.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
West African Iron Production in Its Sub-Saharan Context

The study of ironworking in West Africa encompasses a fascinating set of research topics which inevitably draw upon theories, methods, and issues from the African continent as a whole. An underlying perspective is the notion that African iron production can best be understood within its various cultural contexts, rather than from strictly Western technological perspectives, theoretical models, and universalist generalizations that have often separated science from anthropology, and which often do not work well, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Among the many topics of interest, the most intellectually useful and rewarding for their insights include those that: (a) involve debates that have been of importance in the literature on African ironworking, such as the extent to which ironworking led to serious deforestation; (b) investigate important methodological, typological, theoretical, and ontological issues, such as understanding the role of ritual and ideology within ironworking processes; (c) involve important substantive issues, such as the rise and utility of archaeometallurgy in the study of ironworking; (d) are historically important in our changing concepts of sub-Saharan Africa, African peoples, and African societies, such as African invention and innovation within ironworking technology in the historical and racial context of the African’s supposed lack of technological inventiveness; and (e) taken together, and individually, emphasize a holistic approach to the field of African ironworking, especially the interrelationships between the technical and the social, such as the development of distinct technological styles and understanding the significant variability in African furnace designs and ironworking technologies. Indeed, the rise of ironworking in Africa had major effects upon the technical, social, cultural, political, symbolic, and ideological aspects of African societies over time. This is especially true for West Africa which became the center of several major iron-producing regions.

Topic: Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of Surface Waste Heat Recovery in IC Engine by Using TEG

The prime objective of this paper is to present the details of a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery system for automobiles, more specifically, the surface heat available in the silencer. The key is to directly convert the surface heat energy from automotive waste heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator, which is then regulated by a DC–DC Cuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. Also the other face of the TEG will remain cold. Hence the skin burn out accidents can be avoided. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can work well under different working conditions, and is promising for automotive industry.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sleep Stage Classification Based on EEG Signals by Using Improved Hilbert-Huang Transform

Research on automatic sleep staging based on EEG signals has a significant meaning for objective evaluation of sleep quality. An improved Hilbert-Huang transform method was applied to time-frequency analysis of non-stable EEG signals for the sleep staging in this paper. In order to settle the frequency overlapping problem of intrinsic mode function obtained from traditional HHT, wavelet package transform was introduced to bandwidth refinement of EEG before the empirical mode decomposition was conducted. This method improved the time-frequency resolution effectively. Then the intrinsic mode functions and their marginal spectrums would be calculated. Six common spectrum energies (or spectral energy ratios) were selected as characteristic parameters. Finally, a probabilistic nearest neighbor method for statistical pattern recognition was applied to optimal decision. The experiment data was from the Sleep-EDF database of MIT-BIH. The classification results showed that the automatic sleep staging decisions based on this method conformed roughly with the manual staging results and were better than those obtained from traditional HHT obviously. Therefore, the method in this paper could be applied to extract features of sleep stages and provided necessary dependence for automatic sleep staging.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Responding to Traumatized Children: an Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment Options I

Contrary to common belief, children are less resilient than adults to the impact of traumatic events. Children’s coping skills are less effective than those of adults, making them more likely to become overwhelmed and traumatized. The potential impact of trauma on children goes well beyond the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While adults’ personalities are relatively formed and stable, those of children are still forming and their perceptions of the world and of themselves can be deeply impacted by undergoing a traumatic event. Traumatic experiences can interrupt normal developmental lines and cause problems with self-esteem, trust, interpersonal relations, the child’s view of the world and affect regulation.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Research Overview on Recovery of Waste Heat from High Temperature Slag Particles

The high temperature slag discharged from metallurgical industry has the characteristics of high temperature and large discharge.In 2017, the total amount of liquid slag produced by the world iron and steel industry is about 913 million tons and the amount of waste heat resources contained in liquid slag is equivalent to about 38 million tons of oil equivalent.It has great value of waste heat recovery and resource utilization.Among all kinds of slag treatment methods, dry centrifugal granulation has the advantages of small particle size and high vitrification, which is a developmental slag treatment process.The slag particles produced by centrifugal granulation are typical semimelt and wide-screening particles.This paper reviews the current status of basic scientific research of gas-solid heat transfer, solid-solid heat transfer and phase evolution of semi-melt particles by scholars all over the world.On this basis, in order to achieve efficient waste heat recovery and resource utilization of centrifugal granulated blast furnace slag particles, this paper puts forward specific research contents and technical development ideas about the heat transfer mechanism of semi-melt and wide-screening particles and the hightemperature waste heat recovery technology of hightemperature slag particles.

Topic: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A companion to Guillaume de Machaut. Edited by Deborah McGrady and Jennifer Bain. (Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition, 33.) Pp. xx+414 incl. 18 figs, 3 tables and 35 musical examples. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2012. €159. 978 9004 22581 7; 1871 6377

A companion to Guillaume de Machaut. Edited by Deborah McGrady and Jennifer Bain. (Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition, 33.) Pp. xx+414 incl. 18 figs, 3 tables and 35 musical examples. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2012. €159. 978 9004 22581 7; 1871 6377 - Volume 65 Issue 2

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Paucifascicular Congenital Sensory Neuropathy in Identical Twins

A male infant had sensory and autonomic dysfunction, and his identical twin had a similar clinical finding. One twin was extensively studied, utilizing sural nerve, skin, and conjunctival biopsy specimens, to evaluate the status of peripheral sensory axons. The results support an antenatal neurodevelopmental disturbance in axonal growth that affects sensory neurons and limits their distal extension. Neuropathologic studies of this patient closely resemble findings in hereditary sensory neuropathy type II; clinically, however, this patient resembles patients with congenital autonomic dysfunction and universal pain loss. Investigation of proximal and distal sural nerve, skin, and/or conjunctival biopsy specimens is recommended in patients with sensory and autonomic dysfunction to help differentiate these patients to assist in genetic counselling, treatment, and prognosis. It is possible that clinical overlap in such patients may result from a common neuropathic process, but with varying degrees of involvement.

Topic: Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Pea companion crop for red clover establishment

This study was conducted under irrigated conditions to determine the effects of seeding rate and harvest stage of pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir), which was used here as a companion crop, on the hay yield, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) densities and weed densities. Field studies were conducted as two separate experiments between 20042008. Red clover was sown together with pea at the rate of 20, 40, 60 and 80 seed m -2 . Plots were cut either at the 50% flowering stage for pea or when 70% of pea pods reached at typical lenght. Also, red clover was sown alone as a control and harvested at 50 % flowering stage. In the establishment year, companion crop had increasing effect on hay yield. Regarding total yield at the end of the 3 years, it is suggested that red clover was able to sown with pea at the seeding rate of 40 or 60 seed m -2 and it was harvested at 70% of pea pods reached typical lenght.

Topic: Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences