jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of the inducer meridional length on the tandem impeller performance within a transonic centrifugal compressor

Tandem impeller configuration has the potential to improve the performance of highly loaded transonic centrifugal compressors, while the related research is still in the early stages and general design guidelines, such as the selection of inducer meridional length, are limited so far. In this paper, a highly loaded transonic centrifugal compressor with various tandem impeller configurations is numerically investigated. The objective is to evaluate the impact of inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] on the tandem impeller flow structure and performance, and further to look into the underlying flow mechanisms and design principles of the tandem impeller. The results indicate that the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] has significant effect on the tandem impeller and compressor stage performance. There exits an optimized tandem impeller [Formula: see text] value of Appr. 38% that achieves a compressor stage pressure ratio and efficiency gain (at the P.E. points) of 2.6% and 1.8%, respectively, and deviating from the optimized [Formula: see text] value will lead to deteriorated compressor performance. In terms of the impeller performance, the inducer trailing edge determined by the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] should be located downstream of the passage shock to reduce the shock and inducer wake losses. However, the inducer blade should also be placed in the impeller axial part to avoid the exudcer incidence angle deviation. In terms of the diffuser performance which is partly determined by the impeller discharge flow uniformity, the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] directly affects the tandem impeller discharge flow uniformity by rearranging and controlling the secondary flow patterns, and the flow uniformity is prone to be insensitive to the [Formula: see text] variation when the [Formula: see text] value is large enough (i.e. ≥30%). Additionally, the [Formula: see text] value should be large enough (i.e. ≥20%) to generate intense inducer shedding vortexes, which can suppress the development of Coriolis vortex and finally improve the impeller flow uniformity.

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Two-thirds of diabetes-related deaths are caused by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of ASCVD and related factors in type 2 DM patients in Medan, North Sumatra. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 252 DM patients visiting primary health centers in Medan were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The level of risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was determined by using ASCVD Risk Calculator. Data required to use this calculator are age, sex, race, total cholesterol, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hypertension treatment, smoking history, and use of statins for anti-hyperlipidemia. The data were then analyzed with Chi-square Test (p &lt; 0.0%) and processed with SPSS. Results: There were 59 (23.41%), 140 (55.56%), and 53 (21.03%) participants who had high, moderate, and low risks of ASCVD, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed significant association between risk of ASCVD with age, SBP, total cholesterol level, HDL-C levels, and duration of diabetes (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, gender and familial history not related to ASCVD risks among DM patients (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The risks for atherosclerotic complications of cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM patients in Medan were predominantly high. The variables related to ASCVD risks included age, gender, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol levels, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Reflection on Distorted Views of Science and Technology in Science Textbooks as Obstacles to the Improvement of Students’ Scientific Literacy

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;Scientific literacy has been increasingly considered a major goal of science education. While textbooks remain the most widespread tools for pursuing this goal within classrooms, they have been slow to adapt to the most recent epistemological paradigms, often still conveying distorted views of science and technology. Accordingly, we present herein a theoretical framework specifically intended to highlight the potential of textbooks to promote students’ scientific literacy. It is additionally argued that, often, the misconceptions conveyed by textbooks represent obstacles to the acquisition of a fair image of science and, therefore, to the acquisition of scientific literacy. Finally, a textbook analysis is suggested.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Neural systems for preparatory control of imitation

Humans have an automatic tendency to imitate others. Previous studies on how we control these tendencies have focused on reactive mechanisms, where inhibition of imitation is implemented after seeing an action. This work suggests that reactive control of imitation draws on at least partially specialized mechanisms. Here, we examine preparatory imitation control, where advance information allows control processes to be employed before an action is observed. Drawing on dual route models from the spatial compatibility literature, we compare control processes using biological and non-biological stimuli to determine whether preparatory imitation control recruits specialized neural systems that are similar to those observed in reactive imitation control. Results indicate that preparatory control involves anterior prefrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal and early visual cortices regardless of whether automatic responses are evoked by biological (imitative) or non-biological stimuli. These results indicate both that preparatory control of imitation uses general mechanisms, and that preparatory control of imitation draws on different neural systems from reactive imitation control. Based on the regions involved, we hypothesize that preparatory control is implemented through top-down attentional biasing of visual processing.

Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of the Risk Factors of Dental Anxiety in Children

Aim:Dental anxiety is described as state anxiety due to dental treatment procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the etiological factors of dental anxiety in children aged 7-8 and 11-12 years old.Materials and Methods:A total of 370 children of both genders were enrolled in this study. The parents’ socio-economic status, education levels and family income, oral hygiene habits, and the caries status of the children were recorded on a structured questionnaire. The dental anxiety of both the children and their mothers was evaluated by the administration of a questionnaire based on Corah’s dental anxiety scale (DAS). The children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS) was also used to assess the dental anxiety levels of the children. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 19.0 software program. Descriptive statistics were used for socio-demographic data. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare means/medians, whereas the chi-square test was used to compare proportions. Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were employed to compare the anxiety scale results. All significance levels were set at 0.05.Results:A negative correlation was found between the age groups and dental anxiety levels in the children (p=0.02). The difference between gender and dental anxiety was statistically significant (p=0.01). Boys were found to be more anxious than girls. The differences between the dental anxiety and the education levels of the mothers and the family income of the parents were not statistically significant (p>0.05). It was detected that the maternal dental anxiety level strongly affected the anxiety level of the children in the group of 7-8 years (p=0.01), while no significant difference was found in the group of 11-12 years (p>0.05). A positive correlation was found between the dental caries scores of the children and their dental anxiety level (p=0.01).Conclusion:Dental anxiety is multifactorial and is far more complex than can be explained by a single contributing factor.

Topic: Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access A P19 Cardiac Cell Line as a Model for Evaluating Cardiac Tissue

Abstract: Our objective was to develop a suitable cardiomyocyte progenitor cell line for use in testing biomaterials as potential scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering. We transfected P19 cells with the human cardiac -actin promoter driving the gene for puromycin resistance, to create a stable cardiomyocyte-selectable P19 cell line, termed P19(CA-Puro). Puromycin selection resulted in a 4-10 fold enrichment of cardiac muscle gene expression and a 3-fold enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Morphological, biochemical, and functional analyses were used to evaluate the properties of P19(CA-Puro) cardiomyocytes in the presence and absence of a novel cross-linked collagen-based biomaterial. The collagen-based biomaterial was able to support appropriate viability, gene expression, and cardiomyocyte function. Therefore, P19(CA-Puro) cells are suitable for examining biomaterials as potential scaffolds and this approach could be used for rapidly screening biomaterials for designing future human embryonic stem cell therapies.

Topic: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ambra1 deficiency impairs mitophagy in skeletal muscle

Background Maintaining healthy mitochondria is mandatory for muscle viability and function. An essential surveillance mechanism targeting defective and harmful mitochondria to degradation is the selective form of autophagy called mitophagy. Ambra1 is a multifaceted protein with well-known autophagic and mitophagic functions. However, the study of its role in adult tissues has been extremely limited due to the embryonic lethality caused by full-body Ambra1 deficiency. Methods To establish the role of Ambra1 as a positive regulator of mitophagy, we exploited in vivo overexpression of a mitochondria-targeted form of Ambra1 in skeletal muscle. To dissect the consequence of Ambra1 inactivation in skeletal muscle, we generated muscle-specific Ambra1 knockout (Ambra1fl/fl:Mlc1f-Cre) mice. Mitochondria-enriched fractions were obtained from muscles of fed and starved animals to investigate the dynamics of the mitophagic flux. Results Our data show that Ambra1 has a critical role in the mitophagic flux of adult murine skeletal muscle and that its genetic inactivation leads to mitochondria alterations and myofibre remodelling. Ambra1 overexpression in wild-type muscles is sufficient to enhance mitochondria clearance through the autophagy-lysosome system. Consistently with this, Ambra1-deficient muscles display an abnormal accumulation of the mitochondrial marker TOMM20 by +76% (n = 6–7; P &lt; 0.05), a higher presence of myofibres with swollen mitochondria by +173% (n = 4; P &lt; 0.05), and an alteration in the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential and a 34% reduction in the mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity (n = 4; P &lt; 0.05). Lack of Ambra1 in skeletal muscle leads to impaired mitophagic flux, without affecting the bulk autophagic process. This is due to a significantly decreased recruitment of DRP1 (n = 6–7 mice; P &lt; 0.01) and Parkin (n = 6–7 mice; P &lt; 0.05) to the mitochondrial compartment, when compared with controls. Ambra1-deficient muscles also show a marked dysregulation of the endolysosome compartment, as the incidence of myofibres with lysosomal accumulation is 20 times higher than wild-type muscles (n = 4; P &lt; 0.05). Histologically, Ambra1-deficient muscles of both 3- and 6-month-old animals display a significant decrease of myofibre cross-sectional area and a 52% reduction in oxidative fibres (n=6–7; P &lt; 0.05), thus highlighting a role for Ambra1 in the proper structure and activity of skeletal muscle. Conclusions Our study indicates that Ambra1 is critical for skeletal muscle mitophagy and for the proper maintenance of functional mitochondria.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Materials Data on Zr3S2 by Materials Project

Zr3S2 is Ilmenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R32 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zr is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent S atoms. There are two shorter (2.61 Å) and two longer (2.62 Å) Zr–S bond lengths. S is bonded to six equivalent Zr atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SZr6 pentagonal pyramids.

Topic: MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Ethics of Community/Undergraduate Collaborative Research in Chemistry

This chapter describes ethical issues related to service-learning in Instrumental Methods of Analysis, a course for junior and senior chemistry majors. The Chemists' Code of Conduct outlines various responsibilities of the chemist to the public, the science of chemistry, the chemical profession, employers, employees, students, associates, clients, and the environment. Negative consequences to the students include less time available for traditional subject matter. A cost/benefit analysis assumes a single scale on which all values can be ranked, and that all affected parties create identical lists of consequences. It assumes that all moral considerations can be reduced to a cost/benefit analysis, and that the "value" attributed to each consequence will be equivalent even when this is done by different individuals or groups. Loyola's Center for Urban Research and Learning has provided an umbrella organization for institutionalizing community/university relationships.

Topic: Problem and Project Based Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Association between neuropathy and peripheral vascular insufficiency in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2].

Grade 2 motor-sensitive polyneuropathy was found in 70-80% of patients and moderate peripheral vascular insufficiency in 19%. It can thus be inferred that the complication of diabetic neuropathy appears before that of peripheral vessel damage.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction

Pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema developed in a patient following simple dental extraction. Other causes of this unusual complication, such as pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, insufflation of fallopian tubes, pulmonary-peritoneal fistula, post-partum knee-chest exercises, laparotomy, paracentesis and peritoneal dialysis should be considered when peritoneal signs are absent so that unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided.

Topic: Pneumothorax, Barotrauma, Emphysema
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Volunteering Citizens in Nuclear Risk Governance: Citizen Science after Fukushima

Citizen science (CS) is a form of science developed and enacted by citizens, typically with citizen volunteers collecting and/or analyzing various kinds of data. Whereas common forms of CS like bird counting and amateur astronomy generally elicit interest and approval on behalf of scientists, decision makers, and publics at large, CS in the nuclear field is far more contentious. This is due to the controversial nature of nuclear science and technology, as evidenced by public disputes about nuclear energy, nuclear waste management, and nuclear accidents, among others. Starting from these observations, this paper probes the risky, disputed character of CS in nuclear emergency and post-accident situations. It specifically looks at CS in Japan after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, where citizens in affected areas monitor radioactivity in the environment and communicate about health and environmental risks with one another (e.g. Citizens’ Radioactivity Monitoring Project). In these processes, citizen scientists voice ardent criticism of government, industry, and academia, as these institutes are seen to deliberately spread biased information to sustain an illusion of control (http://blog.safecast.org). By taking science and technology into their own hands, they challenge conventional notions of citizen engagement, science, and avocation/volunteerism. The paper draws on the notions of contentious politics and issue politics (e.g. Marres 2005) to highlight the issue-driven, adversarial and untamed character of post-Fukushima CS in the nuclear field. It is argued that these notions better capture what CS after Fukushima amounts to, as conventional representations (e.g. volunteer sensing, “citizens as sensors,” public participation in scientific research) downplay scientific uncertainties and power asymmetries between citizens and authorities, and do not account for how “Fukushima” is reconfiguring scientific citizenship in novel ways.

Topic: Risk Perception and Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Temporal Consistency Learning of Inter-Frames for Video Super-Resolution

Video super-resolution (VSR) is a task that aims to reconstruct\nhigh-resolution (HR) frames from the low-resolution (LR) reference frame and\nmultiple neighboring frames. The vital operation is to utilize the relative\nmisaligned frames for the current frame reconstruction and preserve the\nconsistency of the results. Existing methods generally explore information\npropagation and frame alignment to improve the performance of VSR. However, few\nstudies focus on the temporal consistency of inter-frames. In this paper, we\npropose a Temporal Consistency learning Network (TCNet) for VSR in an\nend-to-end manner, to enhance the consistency of the reconstructed videos. A\nspatio-temporal stability module is designed to learn the self-alignment from\ninter-frames. Especially, the correlative matching is employed to exploit the\nspatial dependency from each frame to maintain structural stability. Moreover,\na self-attention mechanism is utilized to learn the temporal correspondence to\nimplement an adaptive warping operation for temporal consistency among\nmulti-frames. Besides, a hybrid recurrent architecture is designed to leverage\nshort-term and long-term information. We further present a progressive fusion\nmodule to perform a multistage fusion of spatio-temporal features. And the\nfinal reconstructed frames are refined by these fused features. Objective and\nsubjective results of various experiments demonstrate that TCNet has superior\nperformance on different benchmark datasets, compared to several\nstate-of-the-art methods.\n

Topic: Advanced Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mass in Tuberculous Peritonitis

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Mass in Tuberculous PeritonitisJ. F. JOHN JR., M.D.J. F. JOHN JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-303_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The prospective study of Borhanmanesh and others (Ann Intern Med 76:567-572, 1972) of 32 cases of tuberculous peritonitis indicated the frequent presence of an abdominal mass in this disease. We recently observed the following case:A 26-year-old, nulliparous black female presented with fever and chest pain of 4 weeks' duration. For several weeks she also had noted a gradually enlarging, slightly painful, lower abdominal mass. On examination she was a thin woman with a temperature of 38.3 °C [101 °F]. Bi-basilar rales and diminished breath sounds were present. There was a tender infraumbilical mass of about 4...References1. JOHNSTON F and SANFORD J: Tuberculous peritonitis. Ann Intern Med 54:1125-1133, 1961 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GONNELLA J and HUDSON E: Clinical patterns of tuberculous peritonitis. Arch Intern Med 117:164-169, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SOCHOCKY S: Tuberculous peritonitis. A review of 100 cases. Am Rev Resp Dis 95:398-401, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BURACK W and HOLLISTER R: Tuberculous peritonitis. A study of forty-seven cases encountered by a general medical unit in twenty five years. Am J Med 28:510-523, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HUGHES J, CARR D, and GRACI J: Tuberculous Peritonitis: a review of 34 cases with emphasis on the diagnostic aspects. Dis Chest 38:42-50, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SINGH M, BHARGAVA A, and JAIN K: Tuberculous peritonitis. An evaluation of pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic measures. N Engl J Med 281:1091-1094, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. F. JOHNJR., M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 303-304KeywordsFeversIschemiaPeritonitisProspective studiesTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences