jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology and Its Significance in Environmental Protection

Biotechnology is frequently used to facilitate acclimatized organisms and engineer them in useful ways to help clean up the environment and keep it green for future generations. As well as eliminating the use of pollutants and wastes that affect our environment, there is a need to promote and sustain societal development with the lowest possible impact on the environment. All biological processes have a role in the removal of pollutants. Biotechnology in particular enables researchers and other scientists to take advantage of this new versatility of organisms to convert and degrade certain compounds. Biotreatment technologies such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, and biosorption effectively remove many xenobiotic compounds. Use of bioplastics, biofertilizers, and biopesticides is currently accepted because they significantly reduce the environmental hazards of chemical use such as petrochemically derived plastics, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides. Bioenergy and biofuel production significantly contribute to environmental protection through sustainable routes. Another application of biotechnology, bioscrubbing, facilitates the neutralizing of odor and noxious waste gases in the environment. However, biotechnology's potential and application need to be recognized and commercialized. This chapter aims to provide extensive information related to the application of biotechnology in environmental protection, since biotechnology and bioprocessing can offer new insights related to the quest for environmental protection.

Topic: Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The training of adult educators in Belgium

Belgium was industrialised quite early in the nineteenth century. Partly to meet the great demand for skilled workers an education system evolved which also gave consideration to teaching adults. Evening and Sunday schools were mentioned in the first laws concerning primary and vocational education in 1842. The teaching staffs in the vocational training programme for trade people are recruited partly from teachers but mostly from merchants and artisans who have an interest in teaching. Many volunteers are involved in socio-cultural development work as committee members. But in some kinds of work, such as literacy, that is, adult basic education, they also lead groups. Part-time adult educators form the largest group of workers in adult education they are rarely offered training or retraining courses. There are only a few professional workers in adult education and the majority of these are to be found in socio-cultural and vocational education for the unemployed.

Topic: Educational Practices and Policies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Hidden God: Isaiah 45’s Amun Polemic and Message to Egypt

Abstract This article demonstrates that Isa 45:1–19 is a pro-Persian oracle of well-being, promising the Achaemenid emperor that he will conquer Egypt, and subsequently impugning the theological ignorance of the Egyptians. The Egyptians misspeak in saying that Yhwh is a “Hidden God” like their own Amun (45:15). The unique title, the only reference to divine hiding that uses the reflexive hithpael , was chosen to echo the reflexive formulations in Egyptian texts (including during the early Persian Period) describing Amun’s self-hiding. Two other aspects of Amun’s mythology as creator are also alluded to: His close association with the primordial chaos (45:18–19) and his identification as the divine potter (45:9). Each would have been understandable to an audience in Egypt that lived among the cults of its deities in a very hybridized religious culture. They also would have been clear to elites in Jerusalem who were in regular contact with the Egyptian diaspora.

Topic: Families in Therapy and Culture
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Promoting Preservation Awareness in Libraries: A Sourcebook for Academic, Public, School, and Special Collections

Preservation Issues and the Community of Customers Creating Preservation Education Programs for Staff and Library Customers Evaluating Preservation Education Programs for Staff and Library Customers Preservation Education in School Libraries Preservation Education in Public Libraries Preservation Education in Academic Libraries Preservation Education in Special Collections and Archives Appendices

Topic: Digital and Traditional Archives Management
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Seismic Velocities Measured in Rocks of the Troodos Igneous Complex

The Troodos igneous complex of Cyprus is an ophiolite body composed of ultramafics, gabbros, dolerites and pillow lavas. Seismic velocities measured in these rocks were expected to be similar to those in the layers under the deep ocean. Seismic experiments made in the field in individual rock types revealed only low velocities typical of deep sea layer 2. We suggest that the low velocities are due to high porosity in the shattered rocks.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Non‐invasive prediction of fetal growth restriction by whole‐genome promoter profiling of maternal plasma DNA: a nested case–control study

Objective To predict fetal growth restriction (FGR) by whole‐genome promoter profiling of maternal plasma. Design Nested case–control study. Setting Hospital‐based. Population or Sample 810 pregnancies: 162 FGR cases and 648 controls. Methods We identified gene promoters with a nucleosome footprint that differed between FGR cases and controls based on maternal plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) nucleosome profiling. Optimal classifiers were developed using support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) models. Main outcome measures Genes with differential coverages in promoter regions through the low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing data analysis among FGR cases and controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve [AUC], accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) was used to evaluate the performance of classifiers. Results Through the low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing data analysis of FGR cases and controls, genes with significantly differential DNA coverage at promoter regions (−1000 to +1000 bp of transcription start sites) were identified. The non‐invasive ‘FGR classifier 1’ (C FGR 1) had the highest classification performance (AUC, 0.803; 95% CI 0.767–0.839; accuracy, 83.2%) was developed based on 14 genes with differential promoter coverage using a support vector machine. Conclusions A promising FGR prediction method was successfully developed for assessing the risk of FGR at an early gestational age based on maternal plasma cfDNA nucleosome profiling. Tweetable abstract A promising FGR prediction method was successfully developed, based on maternal plasma cfDNA nucleosome profiling.

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Elastic Band and Aerobic Exercise on Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Vascular Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Women

운동학 학술지 제15권 제2호 탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성 운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질 및 혈관염증지표에 미치는 영향 김경태 1) ․조지훈 2) * 1) 국민대학교 2) 신경대학교 초록 운동학 학술지, 2013, 15(2): 129-138.탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성 운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질 및 혈관염증지표에 미치는 영향. [서론] 본 연구는 탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질, 그리고 혈관염증지표에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있었다.[방법] 연구대상은 65세 이 상의 노인여성 40명을 선정하였으며, 복합운동군 10명, 탄성밴드운동군 10명, 유산소성운동군 10명, 통제군 10명으로 구성하여 실험을 진행하였다.운동프로그램은 준비운동과 정리운동 각 10분, 본운동

Topic: Health and Wellbeing Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Organic farming for food security in the EU: impact assessment of the Rural Development Program for Malta 2014-2020

This thesis discusses the role of organic farming in ensuring food security in the European Union on the case of Malta. The work demonstrates how the Rural Development Program for the Maltese islands 2014-2020 promotes organic farming and impacts four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization and stability. The research is a qualitative study, following the single-case study design. The coding frame was developed to approach the data. The analysis consisted of 14 interviews with the representatives of the industry (organic farmers), researchers in the field, representatives of NGOs, agricultural consultants and policymakers, as well as other related policy documents. The impact of the program was assessed according to the four dimensions of food security. The study contributes to the discussion of food security in developed countries by analyzing how different policy measures related to organic farming can contribute to the availability, access, utilization and stability dimensions, taken into consideration the regional difficulties and specificity. The thesis argues that organic farming can bring a substantial contribution to ensuring food security on the Maltese islands, however, the current policy measures are not enough for making a change. Although the policies aim at incentivizing organic farming in the country, the government does not support the sector. The work provides recommendations for the Maltese policymakers in the lights of submitting the next Rural Development Program 2021-2027 and the upcoming Common Agricultural Policy reform.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Activation of aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism

Angiotensin infusion evokes marked increases in aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism and little change in secondary aldosteronism. The low plasma renin activity of primary aldosteronism and the elevated plasma renin activity of secondary aldosteronism are thought to account for this differential response. The effect of angiotensin on aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion was studied during adrenal vein catheterization in seven patients with primary aldosteronism (whose plasma renin activity had been elevated following spironolactone therapy), one hypertensive patient with normal plasma renin activity and normal aldosterone secretion, two patients with secondary aldosteronism who had elevated plasma renin activity, and one anephric patient whose plasma renin activity was 0. Adrenal venous aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were measured before and after a ten min sub-pressor angiotensin infusion. The cells of the aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) respond to small increases in plasma angiotensin with large increases in secretion of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone. The dose of angiotensin capable of evoking this response from the aldosterone-producing adenoma produces little or no change in the secretion of the steroids from nontumorous glands. The augmentation of aldosterone secretion, induced by angiotensin, in primary aldosteronism is due solely to increased secretion by the adenoma and not by the contralateral zona glomerulosa. The increased sensitivity of the aldosterone-producing adenoma is characteristic of the tumor. This response is independent of fluctuations in endogenous plasma renin activity. This sensitivity is not blunted by high plasma renin activity, nor is it a function of tumor mass for the effect is observed in aldosterone-producing adenomas regardless of size. ACTH injection after angiotensin infusion resulted in a marked increase in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the nontumorous adrenal, but was not capable of producing further increases in aldosterone concentration in the effluent from the APA. In view of this exquisite sensitivity to infused angiotensin, it may be that the small variations in endogenous plasma renin activity that have been observed in primary aldosteronism may be capable of evoking large changes in aldosterone secretion in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In vitro changes in blood P50 and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration.

We studied in vitro changes in P50 and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration occurring in blood 2 to 8 h after venipuncture. When blood was incubated at 37 degrees C, significant decreases in P50 were observed at 2, 4, and 8 hr. Such a change was significantly less when blood was kept at 4 degrees C. The rate of decrease in P50 was not changed when pH was altered by adding either lactic acid or sodium bicarbonate to the blood before incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h. The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration of blood incubated at 37 degrees C did not change by 2 h, but had significantly decreased by 4 h. To avoid in vitro changes, we recommend that P50 be determined as soon as possible for blood sampling.

Topic: Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications

Fifteen years ago Richard R. John's groundbreaking book Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (1995) demonstrated that the claim of a “communications revolution” was perhaps more applicable to the early nineteenth-century movement of printed newspapers through a human-powered and animal-powered postal network than to the movement of bits over the then-nascent World Wide Web. John set the early postal system and newspaper publishing industry, from 1775 to 1844, in political-economic context. He argued that conscious state policies—newspaper mailing subsidies, an expanding network of postal routes, a hands-off censorship attitude, and the release from the constraint that each postal route pay for itself—were preconditions to the development of a unique American political culture, especially over a vast and diverse geographical and cultural terrain. Now in Network Nation John has continued this story through the “second communications revolution” of wired telecommunication from 1845 to 1920. This time, however, his research question has shifted from the relations between a nascent federal government and a vast geography of local information producers to the relations between policy makers at both federal and municipal scales and an unprecedented national geography of industrial information infrastructures: the telegraph, focused on the Western Union Company, and the telephone, focused on the Bell system. John seeks to explain how and why the first wired telecommunications monopolies evolved from targeted services for the affluent into general communications utilities for the middle class, avoiding the competitive threat of new entrants and the regulatory threat of government takeover.

Topic: ICT Impact and Policies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Laparoscopic repair of a Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia in a child, using a trans-sternal technique

Laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia has been described in adults and children. In the published reports, the crux of the repair consists of suturing the posterior part of the diaphragmatic defect to the undersurface of the sternum or the posterior rectus sheath. The tissue on the undersurface of the sternum is variable is in its nature and may be inadequate for suturing, hence compromising the strength of the repair. A technique that circumvents this problem and offers a strong anatomical repair is described.<b> </b> A Morgagni hernia was diagnosed in a 2-year-old girl with trisomy 21, who presented with recurrent chest infections. She underwent laparoscopic repair of the hernia using three ports. The tissue on the undersurface of the sternum was inadequate for a conventional repair. The procedure was modified as follows: a small transverse incision was made over the lower end of the sternum. Three nonabsorbable mattress sutures were inserted through the sternum, the anterior edge of the diaphragmatic defect, and back through the sternum and tied with extracorporeal knots. The child was discharged home on the second postoperative day. At 6-month follow up, the child was asymptomatic, and had been infection free. A chest radiograph was normal. This is a simple, novel, noninvasive method, which offers a secure anatomical repair and it is not dependent on the adequacy of the tissue on the undersurface of the sternum.<br>

Topic: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Local smooth solutions of the incompressible K-ε model and the low turbulent diffusion limit

The aim of this paper is to study the local in time well posedness of the incompressible k-ε model in a 3d periodic domain.In the case when turbulent diffusion is much smaller than dissipation, asymptotic expansions are also derived, supposing that the velocity of the fluid can be neglected.

Topic: Navier-Stokes equation solutions
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Techniques used to improve the tribological performance of the piston ring-cylinder liner contact

Abstract The mechanical assemblies in automotive engines are usually lubricated by a combination of oil and solid lubrication films. Consequently, the significant current challenges for developing the tribological behavior of vehicle engines need the lubricants that conform to different operating conditions by providing mechanisms for reducing friction and wear. This article summarily reviews the techniques used to improve the tribological performance for piston ring-cylinder liner contact and evaluates their effectiveness to provide the most assuring approaches to reduce friction and wear. The objective was to explore the areas where there are openings for further research contributions to achieving an improvement in the piston ring-cylinder contact in automotive engines.

Topic: Lubricants and Their Additives
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ways for Improving Results of Wildcat Drilling in the Dnieper-Donets Depression

This analysis is based on drilling data for 38 structures. Computer processing was used. For the Lower Carboniferous pay zones the causes of the low result s were: unfavorable structural conditions for 31 wells (39%), absence of reservoirs in 11 wells (14%), unfavorable section in 26 wells (32%). In 7 wells the cause was unclear, and 5 wells w ere shut down for technical reasons. In sediments of the Middle Carboniferous the low results were due to unfavorable structural position for 4 wells (2 0%), absence of reservoirs in 8 wells (40%), unfavorable section in 5 wells (25%); the cause was unclear for 1 well, and 2 was sh ut down for technical reasons. The causes of low results for the Lower Permian and Upper Carboniferous showed a similar distribution. The main reason for the poor results of wildcat drilling is an inadequate level seismic surveying. In mapping low-amplitude highs, errors are caused by insufficient knowledge of horizontal velocity gradients. Therefore, the volume of parametr ic drilli ng should be increased to a density of 1 well per 200-400 sq km. Preliminary calculations suggest that implementation of the r ecommendations can increase the success of wildcat drilling in the Dnieper-Donets depression by 10-15%. © Petroleum Geology: A digest of Russian literature on Petroleum Geology, 2013

Topic: Mining and Gasification Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Formal transfers of hydride from carbon–hydrogen bonds. Attempted generation of H<sub>2</sub> by intramolecular protonolyses of the activated carbon–hydrogen bonds of dihydrobenzimidazoles

Protonolyses of carbon–hydrogen bonds can occur under suitable conditions to produce carbocations and H 2 . In an effort to accelerate these fundamental reactions, we have attempted to make them intramolecular by devising compounds in which carbon–hydrogen bonds designed to be particularly good formal donors of hydride are held in close proximity to acidic sites. Dihydrobenzimidazoles 4 and 11 are compounds of this type, since the carbon–hydrogen bonds at C2 are activated as formal donors of hydride by adjacent lone pairs in a dihydroaromatic ring, and acidic anilinium and carboxylic acid groups are held nearby. Unfortunately, this proximity does not lead to the formation of H 2 by protonolysis; instead, other reactions intervene when compounds 4 and 11 are subjected to pyrolysis. Key words: intramolecular protonolysis of carbon–hydrogen bonds, formal donors of hydride, generation of H 2 , dihydrobenzimidazoles.

Topic: Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
UTILIZATION OF EXTERIOR SPACE ON THE URBAN BLOCKS IN PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA

The aim of this study is to clarify the exterior space utilization on the urban blocks in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We conclude the results as blow from the data mostly based on the field survey. The contents of the first floor on the urban blocks consist of 1.restaurants, 2.retailer, 3.service industry, 4.factory, 5.house. Concerning on the relation between the interior and exterior space, we can grasp four types; extension type, closed type, stand-alone type and moving type.The interior space and the exterior space connect tight around a restaurant, and the exterior space is utilized actively for sitting and eating. In case the width of an alley is more than three meters and the position contacts the sidewalk, many things on shops and industries are set on the alley.

Topic: Financial Crisis of the 21st Century
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Surveying UK sheep farmers’ vaccination techniques and the impact of vaccination training

Abstract Background Vaccines are commonly used in sheep farming. However, compliance with vaccination protocols and subsequent suboptimal vaccination techniques are concerns in the industry. Methods An online survey containing 31 questions encompassing vaccination storage, technique and training was distributed to UK sheep farmers. Respondents were asked to mark on a sheep diagram where they would administer intramuscular (IM), intradermal, and subcutaneous (SC) vaccines. Results Of 370 respondents, only 26.1% identified the correct location for SC, 38.0% for intradermal, and 7.7% for IM vaccination. Almost half (45.5%) stored their vaccines in a fridge specific to veterinary medicines, only 33.9% used a temperature logger, and 6.4% checked their fridge temperature daily. Almost half (45.5%) kept their vaccines 48 hours or longer after broaching, and 11.1% kept them until the next time. Significantly more respondents who had received training correctly identified the location for IM vaccination ( p &lt; 0.01). However, training had no significant influence on the the correct identification of the other vaccination sites, vaccine storage or administration. Conclusion Suboptimal vaccination techniques are not due to unwillingness to learn; 83.8% responded that they would consider taking a course to improve their use. However, the majority (73.9%) were unaware of the training courses available. Therefore, the industry needs to respond and promote courses.

Topic: Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences