jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Surface Properties of Chrysotile Asbestos

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Surface Properties of Chrysotile AsbestosF. H. Healey and G. J. YoungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 10, 885–886Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150520a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j150520a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Topic: Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Accurate Time Calculations of Falling Bodies in the Earth's Gravitational Field and Comparisons with Newton's Laws of Vertical Motion

The Earth is exposed annually to the fall of some meteorites and probably other celestial bodies which cause a potential danger to vital areas in several countries. Consequently, the accurate calculation of the falling time of such bodies is useful in order to take the necessary procedures for protecting these areas. In this paper, Newton’s law of general gravitation is applied to analyze the vertical motion in the Earth’s gravitational field. The falling time is obtained in exact form. The results are applied on several objects in real life.

Topic: Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nostalgia for an Unlived Childhood: John Ashbery’s Girls on the Run

In 1999 John Ashbery (1927-2017) published Girls on the Run. In this book the theme of childhood
is outstanding but Ashbery does not present it from an elusively external point of view; the
children’s voices are both the protagonists and the narrators. Those children are inspired by the
works of the outsider American artist Henry Darger (1892-1972). The theoretical framework applied
in this paper is the analysis of pastoral, considered as a central literary mode. Pastoralism is
made more obvious when it deals with childhood. Since childhood is impossible to retrieve as it
was, it lends itself perfectly for the literary mode of pastoral, which expresses a nostalgia for a
Golden Age. Our objective is to study the way Ashbery employs the theme of childhood in Girls
on the Run. The methodology employed is that of comparative literature and textual and rhetorical
analysis. Ashbery’s poem is compared with Darger’s writings and art, and also with other works,
such as Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, by Lewis Carroll. The parallelisms
and deviations among these texts can contribute to elucidate Ashbery’s own nostalgic exploration
of childhood

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Photobiomodulation of Brain Waste Removal System

The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are an important part of the brain waste removal system (BWRS). A decrease in MLV function is associated with various brain diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, brain tumors and trauma. Augmentation of the BWRS might be an innovative and promising strategy for neurorehabilitation medicine. Here we discuss that photobiomodulation of the BWRS/MLVs during deep sleep is a breakthrough technology for the effective removal of metabolites and wastes from the brain in order to increase the neuroprotection of the brain as well as to prevent or delay neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of port water injection on suppressing knock in gasoline direct injection engines

Abstract The effect of different port water injection (PWI) ratios on the knock in gasoline direct injection engines is explored. First, a simulation study is carried out under knock conditions to explore the time and location of the knock and the chemical mechanism that causes it. Second, water injection amount to 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% are set to explore the effects of different water injection ratios on knocking. The influence of the different water injection ratios on the chemical mechanism of knocking is evaluated and that of the chemical mechanism on the in‐cylinder temperature and the impact of heat release rate (HRR) is explored. The results show that PWI can effectively reduce the occurrence of spontaneous combustion in the cylinder by reducing the flame propagation speed. On one hand, the changes in the low‐temperature reaction substances CH 2 O and HRR tend to be consistent and the peaks of CH 2 O and HRR move back with the increase in water injection. So, different ratios of PWI can affect the flame propagation speed by affecting the generation and consumption of CH 2 O, OH radicals, and HCO radicals. Also, PWI can significantly reduce the generation of in‐cylinder OH radicals, ultimately suppressing the generation of the high‐temperature stage. In addition, PWI can effectively reduce the mean temperature and mean pressure. Compared to other water injection ratios, a 30% water injection ratio is the most effective at inhibiting knocking. At this time, the knocking intensity is the lowest, and the cycle power reaches its maximum of 1120 J.

Topic: Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association between intracranial carotid artery calcifications and periodontitis: A cone‐beam computed tomography study

Abstract Background Intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are one type of calcification that may be detected as incidental findings in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study aimed to examine the prevalence of ICACs on CBCT images and their associations among age, gender, chronic periodontitis, and patient‐reported cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods A total of 303 CBCT scans were reviewed and a total of 208 patients met the inclusion criteria. The presence or absence of ICACs was evaluated in the ophthalmic and cavernous segments of each scan. Patient demographic data, including age, gender, and medical history, specifically focused on CVDs were recorded. The presence or absence of periodontitis was recorded from each subject with full mouth radiographs and clinical measurements. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated as part of the logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, ICACs were found in 93 subjects (45%). The bilateral ICACs were found in 43 subjects (21% of the total subjects, 46% of the subjects with ICACs). There were statistically significant associations between presence of ICACs and periodontitis (OR = 4.55), hypertension (OR = 3.02), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.87), increasing age (OR = 2.24), and the male gender (OR = 1.85). Smoking status was not significantly correlated with ICACs. Conclusion This study revealed that nearly half (45%) of the subjects displayed ICACs on the CBCT images. ICACs are significantly related to the status of chronic periodontitis, age, gender, and CVDs. A more careful review of CBCT scans is highly recommended to detect these calcifications and refer patients for further medical evaluation.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Security Assessment Using Nessus Tool to Determine Security Gaps on the Repository Web Application in Educational Institutions

This research aims to determine security holes and risks that may arise in the educational institution's repository web application. The repository web application contains research data, journals, articles, and papers from lecturers and students at the institution. This web application does not yet have documentation about security holes and risks in it. It causes a sense of concern on the part of educational institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security assessment to conduct a risk-oriented assessment that might occur if an attack is attempted. The Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) method was utilized to conduct a security assessment and test educational institutions' repository web application. Several vulnerabilities found with the Nessus tool could still be exploited and resulted in findings in legal access rights when the researchers performed a test simulation on the repository web application. This research was used as a report to the educational institution, particularly as a material for the evaluation process to increase its web application security. This research was carried out within the educational institution environment. Hence, it did not fully describe the possibility of actual attacks originating from outside the educational institution environment.

Topic: Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selectively targeting the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor as a prospective therapy for prostate cancer.

VOLUME 289 (2014) PAGES 26417–26429 A symbol was omitted to designate that Drs. Artem Cherkasov and Paul S. Rennie are equal senior authors.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors Affecting Species Richness in Grassland and Woodlots at York University

Data was collected on October 1, October 8, and October 15, 2015 at York University, Keele Campus. Three grasslands (Boynton, Danby, Stong) and three woodlots (Boyer, Boynton, Danby) were sampled each day. Grasslands and woodlots chosen were required to be physically separated from other samples of their own type by either a road or a building. An uninterrupted area of 50m² was chosen from each grassland and woodlot, and divided into 100 quadrats of 5m² which were numbered from 1 to 100. Three quadrats per habitat were chosen for sampling using a random number table. To sample a quadrat, transect tapes were laid at its perimeter and every plant within the quadrat and touching the transect tapes was identified to species and classified into a functional group using flower and tree guides. Total number of plants of each species was also recorded. Grasses (graminoids) were an exception as they were not identified to species but total number of species was counted.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Influences of IT substitutes and user experience on post‐adoption user switching: An empirical investigation

Abstract This study examines factors that influence individual users' post‐adoption switching behavior between information technology products that are near perfect substitutes. The introduction and popularity of Mozilla Firefox Web browser provided an ideal empirical setting for this study. Drawing upon literature on post‐adoption user behavior, consumer behavior, and online user research, we propose a research model and validate it using cross‐sectional field data collected from 306 users on their decision to switch from Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) to Mozilla Firefox. Findings suggest that user satisfaction and breadth of use of the incumbent product are negatively associated with switching behavior. Perceived ease of use, relative advantage, and perceived security of the substitute product are positively associated with switching behavior. In addition, the effects of perceived ease of use and relative advantage are not moderated by user experience. This study contributes to both research and practice by advancing our understanding of information technology (IT) users' post‐adoption behavior in general and their switching behavior on Web‐related IT products specifically.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ecological effects on metabolic scaling: amphipod responses to fish predators in freshwater springs

Metabolic rate is commonly thought to scale with body mass to the 3/4 power as a result of universal body design constraints. However, recent comparative work has shown that the metabolic-scaling slope may vary significantly among species and higher taxa, apparently in response to different lifestyles and ecological conditions, though the precise mechanisms involved are not well understood. To better understand these underappreciated ecological effects and their causes, it is important to control for extraneous phylogenetic and environmental influences. We demonstrate how this may be done by comparing the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate among populations of the same species (the amphipod Gammarus minus) in mid-Appalachian freshwater springs with similar, relatively constant environmental conditions, except for the varying presence of the predatory fish Cottus cognatus. We found that populations of G. minus exhibit significantly lower metabolic-scaling slopes (0.54–0.62) in three freshwater springs with C. cognatus than in two springs without these fish (0.76–0.77). We tested multiple hypothetical causes for these population differences. Our results best supported the hypothesis that metabolic scaling was influenced by the effects of size-selective predation on the ontogeny of growth, a metabolically expensive process. The body size scaling of growth is significantly less steep in the populations inhabiting springs with vs. without fish, thus paralleling the interpopulation differences in metabolic scaling. Prematurational growth of G. minus is as high or higher in the fish springs, whereas postmaturational growth is significantly lower, often approaching zero. Similarly, the amphipods in the fish springs tend to have higher metabolic rates at small sizes, but lower metabolic rates at large sizes, compared to those in the fishless springs. Our results do not support other hypothetical causes of the interpopulation variation in metabolic scaling, including differential scaling of cell size or low-metabolism body components (fat and mineralized exoskeleton), or possible effects of other environmental factors associated with the presence of fish. However, fish-induced population differences in adult behavioral activity may influence metabolic scaling in G. minus, a possibility under current study. We conclude that ecological factors may significantly influence metabolic scaling, contrary to common belief.

Topic: Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimization of a diffuser/ejector for ultra low-head hydroelectric systems. Final report

An investigation of head augmentation for ultra low-head hydroelectric systems by use of an ejector in the diffuser, or draft tube, is described. A detailed analytical and experimental study of flow in the ejector, which consisted of a conical diffuser with a peripheral wall jet, was conducted. Based on these results, an overall system analysis was developed and compared with experimental results from a small, axial-flow turbine. Finally, a brief economic analysis was made to determine the advantage, if any, of the ejector system. It was determined that an appreciable increase in head could be achieved and predicted by the analysis. Under certain circumstances where excess flow is available, the increase in head would result in a significant decrease in turbine size and cost for a fixed power. However, for a limited flow rate, the increase in head would be offset by a decrease in output power, and there would be no economic advantage.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intergenerational family care: legacy of the past, implications for the future

This is a study, based largely on a wide range of interviews, of the manifold effects of child care by grandparents in lower‐income multi‐generational families in Cape Town, and the wider implications of these findings for the long‐term effects of apartheid legislation, family and household patterns, and future welfare provision. The study revealed the particular but often hidden impact on the elderly of apartheid legislation in its many aspects, frequently as a consequence of their childcare functions. For African elderly, citizenship provisions and ‘independent homelands’, as well as influx control and its replacements, had particular effects; both groups were affected in unforseen ways by group areas legislation, the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act and its residual consequences, and the differential provision of relevant services: health, housing, educational and recreational facilities, and pension payments. The data highlighted the very different effects apartheid had on child care and the position of the elderly, owing particularly in Cape Town to the operation of the Coloured Labour Preference Area policy and the different controls on housing allocation by separate authorities. In addition, historical, cultural, and legal differences between the African and coloured communities played an important role, and the mechanisms operating in these areas were examined. As well as the immediate consequences for household patterns, the paper traces the long‐term implications for mutual family support and for care of the elderly. The actual position in situations covered by the Roman‐Dutch duty of care between family members was considered for its implications for future law reform. In addition, in looking to the interface between family care and necessary state provision in a future South Africa, the article spells out some of the consequences for future welfare arrangements by the state.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic Algorithms in Dynamical Systems Optimisation and Adaptation

Both in the design of dynamical systems, ranging from control systems to state estimators as in the adaptation of these systems the use of genetic algorithms is worth studying. This paper presents some approaches for using genetic algorithms in dynamical systems. The layouts and specific uses are discussed roughly without going into detail. All methods are based on measuring some performance criterion and optimising this criterion function with genetic algorithms. In this way, at least in principle, several possibilities appear to use the approaches from modem control theory in a practical way.

Topic: Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High Frequency of Ras Mutations in Forestomach and Lung Tumors of B6C3F1 Mice Exposed to 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 Years

1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone (ADBAQ) is an anthraquinone-derived vat dye, and a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals. In a 2-year study with dietary exposure to 10,000 or 20,000 ppm ADBAQ, increased incidence of forestomach and lung tumors were observed in B6C3F 1 mice. The present study indentified genetic alterations in H- ras and K- ras proto-oncogenes in ADBAQ-induced tumors. Point mutations in ras proto-oncogenes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, single-stranded conformational polymorphis m analysis and cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach, and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas in the lung. A higher frequency of ras mutations was identified in ADBAQ-induced forestomach (23/32, 72%) and lung tumors (16/23, 70%) than in spontaneous forestomach (4/11, 36%) and lung tumors (26/86, 30%). H- ras codon 61 CTA mutations were detected in (4/8, 50%) ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell papillomas and (10/24, 42%) squamous cell carcinomas, but not in the spontaneous forestomach tumors examined. H- ras codon 61 CGA mutation (6/24, 25%) was also detected in ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell carcinomas. K- ras codon 61 A to T transversions and A to G transitions were prominent in ADBAQ-induced lung alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas. The major finding of A to T transversions or A to G transitions in forestomach and lung tumors suggests that ADBAQ or its metabolites target adenine bases in the ras proto-oncogene s and that these mutations play a dominant role in multi-organ carcinogenesi s in the B6C3F 1 mouse.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ANALISIS LIFE SKILL SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN CHEMOENTREPRENEURSHIP PADA MATERI ASAM BASA

This research aimed at knowing how student life skill after being taught by using Chemoentrepreneurship approach. This research was conducted at the second semester in the Academic Year of 2019/2020 in State Senior High School 1 East Kampar on Acid-Base lesson. It was a Descriptive research with The One-Shot Case Study design. The samples were the 31 of the eleventh-grade students of MIPA 1, and Purposive sampling technique was used in this research. The instruments of this research were observation, questionnaire, and test. The data analysis showed that student life skill on academic skill aspect was on very good category with the percentage 84.68% and vocational skill aspect was on good category with the percentage 79.82%. So, student life skill with Chemoentrepreneurship approach overall was on very good category with the percentage 82.25%.Keywords : Life Skill, Chemoentrepreneurship Acid-Base

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences