jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, zinc glycinate and oyster mushrooms against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic pigs

Enterotoxigenic E. coli. is a major contributing factor for diarrhoea in pigs.In veterinary medicine, the use of antimicrobials in the management of diarrhoea as a preventative or therapeutic measure in field circumstances is disputed due to resistance development.The current study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, zinc glycinate, and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in diarrhoea of pigs.Twenty four diarrhoeic pigs of either sex weighing 2.0 to 25.7 kg possessing enterotoxigenic E. coli, confirmed by molecular technique, were divided into four groups viz.Group II, III, IV and V, comprising six pigs in each group alongside the control (Group I) and each group was treated with different combinations of treatment protocol.To assess the therapeutic efficacy, dehydration score, fecal consistency, haemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and zinc level were analyzed.The dehydration score and fecal consistency of diarrhoeic pigs improved significantly (p<0.01) in all the four treatment groups at day 7 post-therapy.All the increased and decreased haemato-biochemical parameters were turned to normalcy after the 7 th day post-therapy with Lactobacillus bulgaricus, zinc glycinate and oyster mushrooms, which were comparable with the healthy control group.The considerable increase in lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), as well as the statistically significant (p<0.01)decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity (TAOA), and Zn activities indicated oxidative stress in pigs suffering from diarrhoea.These values were successfully turned to normalcy in all the treated groups after the 7 th day post-therapy.In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that combinations of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, zinc glycinate and oyster mushrooms can be used in therapeutic measure of diarrhoea in pigs as an alternative to antibiotics.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Features related to the presence of internet gaming disorder and their impact on the treatment outcomes

Abstract Background and aims Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a highly engrossing activity with the individual spending up to 10 h per day gaming, this causes issues in accomplishing their tasks and personal goals. Also, to generate in them increased anxiety, impulsivity and lack of social skills, this impacts the good personal development and individual's quality of life. Therefore, it is vital to better understand, in terms of treatment, which factors are associated with therapeutic outcomes (largely to achieve control over the use of video games and the lack of relapses) following a standardized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic and personality variables and their relation to treatment outcome in patients with IGD. Method The sample included n = 105 patients with IGD, considered between January 2005 and December 2022 and recruited from the Behavioral Addictions Unit at the University Hospital of Bellvitge. Data at baseline was registered (sociodemographic and clinical measures), as well as the therapy outcomes (compliance with the guidelines, presence of relapses and dropouts). Results Patients were mainly males ( n = 95) with a mean age of 24.97 (SD = 12.03). All patients included in this sample had individual CBT treatment in relation to their problematic gaming behavior. In terms of patients who relapsed, they had higher interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and persistence with lower self-directedness. Patients who dropped out were males with an older age of IGD onset. When looking at treatment noncompliance, it was related to higher psychoticism and reward dependence, and lower cooperation. Patients with IGD show higher levels of treatment noncompliance. Conclusion These findings evidence a positive and promising effect of CBT on IGT. The factors identified as predictors of good and poor treatment outcomes should be considered for developing new evidence-based interventions focused on learning healthier key coping strategies to manage both cravings and triggers.

Topic: Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Scientific Realism and Anti-realism in Quine’s Philosophy

In this essay, we try to address a fundamental issue in the philosophy of science, namely the conflict between realism and antirealism in Quine's philosophy. There seems to be an inner tension in his views on the question of the reality of unobservable entities or reference of theoretical terms. In order to refute his seemingly inconsistent position, we first begin with the concept of ontological commitment, which he formulated in contrast to the position of his teacher, Carnap. In the following, by expressing the thesis of "the inscrutability of reference" and "naturalized epistemology", we show that there seems to be a conflict between Quine's views. In the end, even with the acceptance of non-conflict, Quine's defense of realism is still not immune to criticism.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regional Variation in Prevalence and Etiology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Background: The 1994–1996 North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch test results were the first, since the inception of the NACDG in 1970, to include results from a medium-sized metropolitan city in the Midwest. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the causative allergens of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the Midwest differ from those in other regions of the United States and, if so, whether occupational or other factors account for the observed differences. Methods: Retrospective analyses of patch test data collected at the University of Kansas Medical Center (Kansas City, KS) were compared with the data collected by the other NACDG centers. Results: Patients in Kansas City were statistically more likely to react to potassium dichromate, formaldehyde and its releasers, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), and glutaraldehyde. Occupational exposures to chromium and form-aldehyde were increased significantly among patients from Kansas City, although the percentages of the local population engaged in these occupations did not differ from those in other NACDG cities. Equal percentages of workers in Kansas City and nationally had occupationally related allergy to glutaraldehyde, although the overall rate of glutaraldehyde was higher among patients from Kansas City. Most cases of relevant allergy to MCI/MI were cosmetically induced both in Kansas City and nationally. Conclusions: The current findings show significant regional differences in causal allergens. The increased percentages of patients seen with ACD to formaldehyde, formaldehyde-releasing agents, and potassium dichromate in Kansas City were likely caused by the referral of greater numbers of work-related cases. However, occupationally acquired ACD to MCI/MI and glutaral-dehyde were not more frequent in Kansas City than nationally, suggesting that other factors might be operative. Although awareness of national trends is important, dermatologists must be cognizant of regional variations in allergen sources within their communities and referral networks.

Topic: Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Primed in situ labelling of human metaphase chromosomes].

Primed in situ labelling (PRINS) contributes to the elucidation of the organization of eukaryotic chromosomes and provides an alternative way to localize gene on chromosomes. Here we present the results of random primer and SOX degenerate primer PRINS on human metaphase chromosomes. The particular band pattern of dark and light was observed by using random primer PRINS. SOX degenerate primer PRINS revealed more SOX gene loci and proved further that SOX genes were not clustered on human chromosomes.

Topic: DNA and Biological Computing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Simple Model to Think about the Evolutionary Rate in Macroevolution

At present, there are some controversies among scientists who have accepted the theory postulated by Darwin (enhanced in the present century by neodarwinian contributions), but which disagree with some of its aspects (Ridley 1985). Among these controversies are the level of selection (species, individuals or genes), the power of natural selection, the neutral theory, macroevolution, etc. A major controversy is over the rate of evolution and when most significant evolutionary change occurs. Here there are two opposing schools: phyletic gradualism (Dawkins 1987) and punctuated equilibrium (Gould & Eldredge 1977). In this paper we will deal only with the latter controversy, developing a simple model that can help students to think about evolution and better understand the gradualist and punctuationist macroevolutive approaches, affording them an easy and friendly teaching tool to introduce these concepts and other related ones (i.e. mutation, selection, fitness, extinction, origin of life, etc.) in the classroom. One of the greatest difficulties in teaching these issues is the inability to perform experiments concerning evolutionary predictions. Computer programs as presented in this paper can overcome some of these difficulties.

Topic: Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Konsep Kebijakan Moneter Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Monetary policy in Islamic economics is part of the branch of economics that discusses the nature, function and influence on economic activity in a country. Monetary in Islam does not emphasize not only the supply and demand for money, but also the principles of equity and brotherhood, which seek equality and create a fair distribution of wealth and income. The method of writing this article uses a qualitative research approach. The data analysis technique is in the form of descriptive analysis. Descriptive itself is a research result that is described as clearly as possible based on research. Monetary policy can maintain economic stability, this can be seen by balancing the amount of money that is widely spread in a balanced way. If any money in circulation exceeds or is greater or less than a number of goods and services, then the economy in a country will be chaotic.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
So close yet so far: intergovernmental tensions in Spain

Much has been said about recurrent conflicts between the government of Spain and the executives of autonomous communities. Drawing on mixed methods, this research explores some of the deterrents of the centre–periphery quarrels in Spain. This investigation operationalizes intergovernmental tensions through a quantitative data set based on several litigations between regional and central executives in Spain before the Constitutional Court from 1980 to 2014, as well as a series of 30 in-depth interviews. It demonstrates that the organization of sectorial conferences, the signing of cooperation agreements and periods of party congruence help prevent the rise of intergovernmental contestation.

Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
First Report of Memnoniella echinata from Pinus thunbergii

Memnoniella echinata(Riv.) Gall.from healthy needles of Pinus thunbergii was isolated in laboratory.The results of morphological comparison and host range research show that P.thunbergii is a new host of M.echinata and it is the first report in China.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on Innovation Process Model Based on Function Evolution

Function design is an important method for high-level innovation, and it is important for corporations to forecast product evolution rapidly and effectively from function angle. Three laws of function organization and eight laws of function improvement are presented to discover radically appearance of new functions and improvement of existing functions. The directions of function evolution are confirmed by function forecasting, and the function evolutionary path is described by function evolution tree. The rationality is evaluated by degree of ideality. The product innovation process model based on function evolution is proposed by integrating the above contents, which provides a systematic approach to product innovation from functional design angle. A design example for innovation of Chinese medicine demonstrates the proposed method is feasible.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Predicting consultation durations in a digital primary care setting

The aim of this thesis is to develop a method to predict consultation durations in a digital primary care setting and thereby create a tool for designing a more efficient scheduling system in primary care. The ultimate purpose of the work is to contribute to a reduction in waiting times in primary care. Even though no actual scheduling system was implemented, four machine learning models were implemented and compared to see if any of them had better performance. The input data used in this study was a combination of patient and doctor features. The patient features consisted of information extracted from digital symptom forms filled out by a patient before a video consultation with a doctor. These features were combined with doctor's speed, defined as the doctor's average consultation duration for his/her previous meetings. The output was defined as the length of the video consultation including administrative work made by the doctor before and after the meeting. One of the objectives of this thesis was to investigate whether the relationship between input and output was linear or non-linear. Also the problem was formulated both as a regression and a classification problem. The two problem formulations were compared in terms of achieved accuracy. The models chosen for this study was linear regression, linear discriminant analysis and the multi-layer perceptron implemented for both regression and classification. After performing a statistical t-test and a two-way ANOVA test it was concluded that no significant difference could be detected when comparing the models' performances. However, since linear regression is the least computationally heavy it was suggested for future usage until it is proved that any other model achieves better performance. Limitations such as too few models being tested and flaws in the data set were identified and further research is encouraged. Studies implementing an actual scheduling system using the methodology presented in the thesis is recommended as a topic for future research.

Topic: Speech and dialogue systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gastroenterological Surgery in Eight Schizophrenic Patients who Underwent Long-Term Administration of Antipsychotic Agents.

1992年から1994年末までの3年間に, 20年以上の長期にわたり抗精神病薬の内服治療を受けてきた8例の精神分裂病患者について消化器外科手術を経験した.手術の対象となった疾患は胆石症2例, 急性胆嚢炎2例, 虫垂炎の穿孔による汎発性腹膜炎2例, 肝内結石症と横行結腸癌が各1例であった. 術後の合併症は胆管空腸吻合の縫合不全と麻痺性イレウスを各1例に認めたのみで, 突然死例はなかった. 横行結腸癌で閉塞性イレウスをきたした1例を除いて, 抗精神病薬は手術の前日まで減量せずに継続した.手術の翌日から抗精神病薬の就眠前の非経口投与を開始し, 食餌開始にあわせて術前の経口剤を再開した. 4例に精神症状が見られたが, いずれも軽症で外科的管理上問題にならなかった. 精神分裂病患者の安全な周術期管理のためには精神科医の協力による精神的ケアが重要であった.

Topic: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hiccups
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 5 from A Novel Role of Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 in Pancreatic Cancer Invasion and Metastasis

Supplementary Figure 5 from A Novel Role of Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 in Pancreatic Cancer Invasion and Metastasis

Topic: Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessment of Technical Quality of Online Video Using Visualization in Place of Experience

This thesis introduces a new method to measure subjective ratings of technical quality (TQ) in disrupted video (DV). Current measurement methods are subject to extraneous factors such as delays introduced by the streaming software/hardware and the impact of video content. The proposed method is designed to supplement current methods by avoiding the confounding effects of content on TQ ratings and by reducing the time and effort necessary to run experiments. The new method replaces actual video with images representative of videos that contain various disruptions. In the research reported in this thesis, I ran an experiment with 37 participants to explore the viability of assessing TQ using visualizations instead of actual videos. The experiment compared ratings made after actually watching videos that varied in TQ versus ratings made after viewing the TQ visualizations, without actually seeing corresponding videos with associated impairments or failures. The results of the experiment showed that, with appropriate training, ratings of TQ made, after viewing the visualizations only, were similar to TQ ratings made after actually watching videos with corresponding impairments or failures.

Topic: Image and Video Quality Assessment
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Directions for Stroke Rehabilitation Clinical Practice and Research

Abstract A paradigm shift is occurring in the way we think about stroke recovery and rehabilitation. The aim of this book has been to bring the evidence behind these new concepts and paradigms of recovery to practicing clinicians. This chapter highlights some of the key findings for the clinical practice of stroke rehabilitation explored in this book. Three concepts that have relevance across the field are then discussed. These are: (i) looking beyond the lesion to remote effects and impact on brain networks; (ii) the value and application of network-based models of recovery of specific functions to guide neuroscience-based rehabilitation; and (iii) tailoring interventions to the individual, based on viable brain networks with capacity for plasticity. Recommendations have been made to facilitate the translation of evidence to clinical practice. These are outlined. Future directions for stroke rehabilitation research are highlighted.

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mode of origin differentially influences the fitness of parthenogenetic freshwater snails

How parthenogenetic lineages arise from sexual ancestors may strongly influence their persistence over evolutionary time. Hybrid parthenogens often have elevated heterozygosity and ploidy, thus making it difficult to disentangle the influence of reproductive mode, hybridity and ploidy on their relative fitness. By comparing the relative fitness of both hybrid and non-hybrid parthenogens to their sexual ancestors, further insight may be gained into how these three factors influence the maintenance of sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. In the present study, hybrid and non-hybrid parthenogenetic and sexual snails ( Campeloma sp.) were compared for the following characteristics: female size-fecundity curves, offspring size, survivorship, and growth. Compared to nearby sexual populations, triploid hybrid parthenogens from the Florida Gulf coast have similar fecundity and offspring size, five-times higher survivorship, and 60% higher growth. Relative to nearby sexual populations, non-hybrid parthenogenetic C. limum from the Atlantic coast have significantly higher fecundity, smaller offspring size, similar survivorship and slightly lower growth. Given the considerable fitness advantages of parthenogens, especially hybrid parthenogens, it is enigmatic as to why these parthenogens occupy marginal natural habitats.

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The role of organizational culture in motivating innovative behaviour in construction firms

Motivation is the main force through which individuals allocate effort to generate and implement innovative ideas. However, employees are only motivated to go beyond their designated role and get involved in spontaneous and innovative activities if they have a strong identification with the organization. Organizational culture plays a critical role in motivating innovative behaviour, as it can create commitment among members of an organization in terms of believing in innovation as an organizational value and accepting innovation‐related norms prevalent within the organization. The research this paper reports on addresses the motivational aspects of the relationship between culture and innovation in construction firms. Specifically, it focuses on those managerial actions through which the importance of innovation may be communicated and innovation‐related behaviour may be induced and reinforced. An in‐depth case study investigating the innovation activities of a Swiss contractor revealed that project constraints and regional separation may diminish the motivational effects of managerial actions in construction firms. It is concluded that a culture that motivates new solutions and innovative improvements in particular first of all prevents ideas from getting lost in daily business and within the organization. Giving immediate feedback, providing communication channels for implicit knowledge, allowing for autonomous work and task identity, initiating innovation projects and using a comprehensive reward and incentive system are appropriate managerial actions in this regard.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Social Network and the Coach

In this chapter, a synthesis of extant theories and supporting research will be overviewed on topics relevant to the athlete social network, including coaches, and athlete mental health outcomes. The theoretical overview will focus on a continuum understanding of mental health (from illness to health) within the overall neurobiopsychosocial model of athlete health. The influence of sport-based social actors (e.g., coaches, teammates, and support staff) will be reviewed with a focus on extant research on how social actors influence relevant athlete psychological outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, burnout) acutely and over time. We will also review how social actors play a role in identification, referral, and help-seeking for athlete mental health concerns. Synthesis of extant literature will inform a nuanced discussion of novel practical/applied consideration and future research efforts on these important science-to-practice topics. Overall, this chapter will provide a roadmap for the next decade of sport science research on the topic of the social network relevant to athlete mental health experiences within elite sport.

Topic: Sport Psychology and Performance
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences