jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Lapland-Kola orogen: Palaeoproterozoic collision and accretion of the northern Fennoscandian lithosphere

Abstract A tectonic model is proposed for the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola orogen (LKO) in the northern Fennoscandian Shield. Although long regarded as an Archaean craton, integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical observations show that the Lapland-Kola orogen is a Palaeoproterozoic collisional belt containing both Archaean terranes and an important component of juvenile Palaeoproterozoic crust. Rifting, from 2.5 to 2.1 Ga, began under the influence of a mantle plume (&gt; 1000 km diameter), related to the break-up of the Kenorland supercontinent. Two linear suture zones within the orogeriic core mark the sites of continental separation, ocean formation and closure. One of these is identified as a belt of 1.98-1.91 Ga juvenile crust of both arc magmatic and sedimentary origin, marked by the Lapland Granulite, Umba and Tersk terranes. Palaeomagnetic data and ancient sedimentary detritus within these terranes suggest limited oceanic separation. Collision of juvenile terranes with the surrounding Archaean took place mainly between 1.93 and 1.91 Ga, resulting in a Himalayan-scale mountain belt, manifest by a thick-skinned region of high- P granulite-facies metamorphism, including the classical Lapland Granulite Belt and a broad zone of compressional deformation extending southwards into the Belomorian Mobile Belt. Protracted cooling and exhumation, possibly related to the buttressing effect of surrounding lithosphere, culminated in the intrusion of 1.80-1.77 Ga post-tectonic granites.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Hidden Pot of Charm Scholarship: The History of Critical Reflections on Charms in Croatian Folkloristics

The paper offers an overview of critical reflections on charms in Croatian folkloristics and related disciplines (literary theory and history, paleoslavistics). By highlighting the most important steps in the institutionalization of folklore research in Croatia we are showing the status of verbal charm both in the process of field research and the critical reflection. The most important contribution of Croatian scholars is classification of verbal charm as an oral rhetorical genre, which offered the possibility for different methodological approaches to the study of charms.

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Manufacturing characteristics associated with strut fracture in Björk-Shiley 60 degrees Convexo-Concave heart valves.

Björk-Shiley Convexo-Concave (CC) valves sometimes experience fracture of the outlet strut. Previously implicated valve characteristics that predict strut fracture include larger valve size, larger opening angle (70 degrees vs 60 degrees), remilling, weld date, and implant in the mitral position. While the associations between risk, size, and opening angle suggest that part of the elevated incidence of strut fracture might be due to the design of the Björk-Shiley valves, only a small fraction of implanted valves have experienced strut fracture. In consequence, previously unexamined variations in the manufacturing process have been suggested as possible factors affecting the failure risk of individual valves; materials, manufacturing steps, quality control, and specific workers have all been put forward as potential explanations for valve-to-valve variation in risk. We conducted a case-control study of CC60 degrees valves implanted in the USA and Canada and manufactured between January 1, 1979 and March 31, 1984. Cases included all verified strut fractures reported to the manufacturer from 1979 through January, 1992. up to 10 controls were selected for each case. Controls were matched to cases on implanting surgeon and were required to have been implanted and functioning at least as long as their respective case valves. We reviewed case and control manufacturing records. There were 150 cases and 1095 surgeon-matched controls. Large mitral valves were at greatest risk of strut fracture; 33mm mitral valves were estimated to be 23 times more likely to fracture than 21-25mm aortic valves. Valves welded in 1979 and 1980 were less likely to fracture than those welded in any other time period; however, no specific manufacturing procedures or personnel were uniquely associated with this time period. Valves with more flexible outlet struts, as determined by the hook deflection and load deflection tests during manufacture, appear to have been at higher risk than valves with more rigid outlet struts. There were three welders who had worked on a sufficient number of valves to allow separate estimation of the risk in the valves they welded. One welder's work was associated with about one-third the risk of valves worked on by the other two. Examination of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed, however, that welder identity added little to the discriminating information already available in the form of valve size and implant position. It is concluded that welder identity and strut flexibility appear to contribute to the risk of outlet strut fracture in Björk-Shiley CC60 degrees valves. Neither of these factors, however, is sufficient to account for much of the previously unexplained variation in risk. No other characteristic measurable in existing manufacturing records appears to predict risk of strut fracture in any useful way.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Statistical Errors in a Research of Clothing and Textiles

본 연구는 통계적 방법의 올바른 사용을 통해 의류학 분야 연구결과의 과학성과 윤리성을 높이는데 도움을 주고자 실시되었으며, 나아가 본 연구가 통계적 방법을 활용하는 의류학 관련 연구 발전에 기여하는데 의의가 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통계적 방법의 적용이나 통계패키지의 활용과정에서 나타나는 오류는 의류학 관련 연구에서도 예외는 아니었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국의류학회지를 대상으로 연구과정에서 자주 발생할 수 있는 통계적 오류에 대해서 알아보았으며, 그 결과 각 단계별로 많은 오류가 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 요인분석 등에 있어 올바른 분석방법을 적용하고 있지도 않을 뿐더러, 천편일률적으로 기계적인 기술을 하고 있었다. 또한 교차분석의 경우에도 가설설정이 없으며, 검정의 내용을 혼동하는 경우가 많았다. The purpose of this study is to examine the statistical errors, which may occur in the process of applying statistics, by major stage of research, for greatly contributing to promoting research power through rightly utilizing statistics at the point of time that the application of statistics is increased in the research of clothing and textiles. As a result, it confirmed that there are many errors by each stage. First, it is a point that there was not any research that mentioned on the impact of analysis in the researches, which test the appearance of significance based on the collected data through experiment or survey. Second, the existence of mechanical description which is monotonous as well as not applying right analytical method in factor analysis. Also, even in case of cross tabulation, there was no hypothesis establishment.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Monitoring the lower oesophageal sphincter: sphinctometer or sleeve?

Two methods have been used to study lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) function in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: the sleeve sensor and the sphinctometer. Our aim was to directly compare the sleeve and sphinctometer in vivo. Ten asymptomatic volunteers were intubated with a perfused assembly incorporating a sleeve sensor, a solid‐state assembly incorporating a sphinctometer and a pH probe. LOS function was recorded pre‐ and post‐prandially. During basal periods sleeve and sphinctometer readings correlated well both within and between subjects (r 2 = 0.89 (P &lt; 0.0001)). However, the sphinctometer relaxed less during swallows (median 42 (interquartile range 27–55)% vs 73 (62–81)% (P &lt; 0.001)), transient LOS relaxations (TLOSR) (50 (40–70)% vs 94 (88–100)% (P &lt; 0.001)) and reflux episodes (67 (59–75)% vs 97 (91–100)% (P = 0.02)). Using criteria derived from 10 dry swallows, the expected relaxation of the sphinctometer during TLOSR was defined. The sphinctometer had an overall sensitivity ranging from 43 to 71% for the detection of TLOSR with 11–22 false positive relaxations, depending on the criteria employed. Sensitivity was particularly poor in those with low basal LOS pressure. The sphinctometer has a lower capacity to register LOS relaxations than the sleeve sensor, which limits its value in studying the pathophysiology of reflux disease.

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Secrets of human ancestor evolution revealed

Paleogenomics
Studies of ancient humans help us understand the movement and evolution of modern populations of humans. Seguin-Orlando et al. present the genome of an ancient individual, K14, from northern Russia who lived over 36,000 years ago. K14 is more similar to west Eurasians and Europeans

Topic: Forensic and Genetic Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
First report of OXA-48–producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Croatia and confirmed intergenic transfer of a plasmid-carrying <i>bla</i>OXA-48 from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>

The emergence of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Denmark and of Klebsiella pneumonia in Hungary were recently reported in the present journal [1,2]. In addition to this worrying thre...

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Blood Pressure Variability and Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Patients.

Objectives The purpose of the study is to evaluate 24h blood pressure values by automatic ambulatory monitoring (ABPM) in a group of hypertensive patients already on therapy and to find correlations between different blood pressure parameters and the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Design and method: 39 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension grades 1-3 were enrolled in the study; echocardiography was done and left ventricular mass and mass index were calculated. Based on 24 h ABPM we calculated BP variability estimated as standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV), pulse pressure, dipper profile and morning BP surge. We compared these parameters in pts with and without LVH and calculated correlations with LV mass. Results: Nocturnal diastolic BP variability estimated as SD had significantly higher values in pts with LVH (13,2 vs 9,9 mmHg, p=0,015), ARV/24 hour and ARV during nighttime had higher values in pts with LVH vs those with normal LV mass (12,25 vs 9,7 mmHg and 12,35 vs 9,36 mmHg, p=0,03). Nocturnal diastolic BP variability correlated with LV mass index (r=0,325 for ARV and r =0,327 for SD). Other variables did not correlate with LV mass. Conclusions Nocturnal diastolic BP variability correlates with LVH independently of mean BP value. ABPM offers a valueable analysis of BP and enables the calculation of different parameters- as variability- which predict target organ damage.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A GAN Guided Parallel CNN and Transformer Network for EEG Denoising

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with various physiological artifacts, seriously affecting the quality of subsequent analysis. Therefore, removing artifacts is an essential step in practice. As of now, deep learning-based EEG denoising methods have exhibited unique advantages over traditional methods. However, they still suffer from the following limitations. The existing structure designs have not fully taken into account the temporal characteristics of artifacts. Meanwhile, the existing training strategies usually ignore the holistic consistency between denoised EEG signals and authentic clean ones. To address these issues, we propose a GAN guided parallel CNN and transformer network, named GCTNet. The generator contains parallel CNN blocks and transformer blocks to respectively capture local and global temporal dependencies. Then, a discriminator is employed to detect and correct the holistic inconsistencies between clean and denoised EEG signals. We evaluate the proposed network on both semi-simulated and real data. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that GCTNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art networks in various artifact removal tasks, as evidenced by its superior objective evaluation metrics. For example, in the task of removing electromyography artifacts, GCTNet achieves 11.15% reduction in RRMSE and 9.81% improvement in SNR over other methods, highlighting the potential of the proposed method as a promising solution for EEG signals in practical applications.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Monostatic Forward-Looking Staring Spotlight SAR Raw Data Generation and Hybrid-Domain Image Formation Modifications Based on Extended Azimuth Nonlinear Chirp Scaling Autofocusing

Forward-looking staring spotlight synthetic aperture radar (FSS-SAR) offers operational advantages over conventional squinted SAR counterparts. However, due to its complex observation configuration, pixel anomalies occur when processing raw data. For instance, in the forward-looking geometry, symmetrically distributed point scatterers along the flight path have the same Doppler history, resulting in azimuth ambiguities, whereas staring observation narrows and skews the two-dimensional received spectrum, reducing signal orthogonality and causing spectral folding. As a result, not only is the Doppler frequency gradient too small to be precisely measured in the FSS-SAR mode, limiting the ability to achieve high azimuth angular resolution, but it also suffers from azimuth ambiguities when forming an image. To overcome such azimuth-variant characteristics known as inherent resolutional anomalies, a hybrid-domain image formation algorithm (IFA) based on azimuth scaling is modified here. As an approach, radiometric bias correction techniques in conjunction with an extended azimuth nonlinear chirp scaling (ANCS) algorithm capable of equalizing range space variance in the azimuth direction, which benefits from an embedded autofocusing step, have been designed for raw data processing. Given the fact that the platform experiences trajectory deviations under a real-flight condition compared to an ideal trajectory, a preprocessing motion compensation step based on Kalman filtering is included within the IFA. The entire proposed IFA solution tackled the inherent resolutional anomalies of FSS-SAR and succeeded in reconstructing the focused image without azimuthal anomalies. To further assess the IFA, a modified Cartesian back-projection algorithm was developed along with other objective evaluation scenarios, all of which confirm that the proposed hybrid-domain extended ANCS algorithm is valid for the FSS-SAR application.

Topic: Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Managing Transition: Unemployment and Job Hunting in Urban China

rom the late 1950s to the mid-1980s, jobs in China were assigned by the state and employment in urban areas was secure and intended for life. Although underemployment was a problem and there were serious job shortages during and after the Cultural Revolution that started in 1966, once an individual was assigned a position, he or she could expect it to be stable and for life. During this period, when wages and salaries were dictated by the central government and kept universally low,jobs often carried cradleto-grave welfare benefits, including pension, housing and free medical care for both workers and their dependents. While wage differences were small among different occupations, benefits differed greatly among different types of work organizations.' Government agencies, public organizations and state firms provided their employees with all of the above-mentioned benefits; collective firms owned by local governments often offered pensions, but no housing and only partial medical coverage. Employment in government agencies and state firms was also more prestigious than that in collectivelyowned firms, even though workers in both firms enjoyedjob security. Because the government considered industrial production more important than consumer or personal services, service enterprises such as shops and restaurants were mostly collective, with low pay, few welfare benefits and low prestige.2 This socialist employment policy, coupled with a government prohibition against rural-to-urban migration, led to social stability and a near absence of such modern urban ills as high crime rates, slums, homelessness, drug abuse and prostitution. The negative consequences of such a system, on the other hand, were low productivity, a stagnant economy, a severe

Topic: China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Twenty Years of Renal Transplantation in Children

Two-hundred three children 1 to 16 years of age received kidney transplants during a 20-year period, 100 from living donors and 103 from cadaver donors. The overall survival rate was 79%. Actuarial patient and kidney survival rates at 15 years were 79% and 52%, respectively, for recipients of living donor kidneys and 57% and 19%, respectively, for recipients of cadaver donor kidneys. One of two children who received transplants in 1964 was alive 20½ years later. Twenty-nine children had kidneys that had functioned more than 10 years; their mean serum creatinine concentration was 1.7 mg/dL and 24 were fully rehabilitated. Eighteen were more than 2 SD below the mean height of normal chidren, however. Comparison of survival rates during successive 5-year intervals showed significant improvement in patient survival during the 20-year period and smaller improvements in kidney survival after 1979. Patient survival after living donor transplants during the last 10 years was 100%, and kidney survival during the last 5 years was 92%. Improvement was attributed to the effect of experience, as well as to changes in immunosuppressive therapy in 1972 and the introduction of donor-specific transfusions in 1978.

Topic: Organ Donation and Transplantation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Constructive Intrusion Detection System for Preventing Attacks in Mobile ADHOC Networks

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is an independent system of mobile nodes connected by wireless system.The nodes are free to change dynamically and it can change the topology for the requirement.It establishing an efficient and ideal route between the communicating nodes is the elemental concern of the routing protocols of MANET.Each node not only acts as end system, but also acts as a router to forward packets.In MANET it is very difficult to design the robust security solution for various attacks.Here we are analyzing overall performance as well as the security of the Intrusion Detection system.We propose a Constructive Intrusion detection system based on the network and host based system.First of all it provided maximum security, it supports high scalability and high availability, and it provides best result on both normal and abnormal behaviors of different packets.The proposed model includes integration of individual model to produced batter results.

Topic: Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The literacy of the tatau

Firstly, what is the Samoan Tatau? The Samoan tatau is the ancient practice of body marking or tattooing using the ‘au or traditional tools. The tatau is a body adornment given only to men and it covers roughly 60% of the body, starting from around the mid back area, down to just below the knees.&#13;\n &#13;\nIt is a tradition that has been practiced by Samoans for many centuries. Although it has been often referred to as an ‘art form’, it is actually a living being. It is living in the sense that the canvas on which the tatau is printed is living, it breathes, it moves, it feeds and more importantly, it speaks. It is often assumed that the tatau is simply a form of body adornment that other than its aesthetical value, serves no other purpose. In this paper, I endeavour to illustrate that literacy is largely connected to the tatau. I will explore this notion of the tatau being able to speak to people, and look at it from a number of generational perspectives.

Topic: Language and cultural evolution
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hemoglobin mass and performance responses during 4 weeks of normobaric “live high–train low and high”

Purpose To investigate whether 4 weeks of normobaric “live high–train low and high” (LHTLH) causes different hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea‐level performance changes compared to living and training in normoxia during a preparation season. Methods Nineteen (13 women, 6 men) cross‐country skiers competing at the national or international level completed a 28‐day period (∼18 h day −1 ) of LHTLH in normobaric hypoxia of ∼2400 m (LHTLH group) including two 1 h low‐intensity training sessions per week in normobaric hypoxia of 2500 m while continuing their normal training program in normoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hb mass ) was assessed using a carbon monoxide rebreathing method. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) were measured using an incremental treadmill test. Measurements were completed at baseline and within 3 days after LHTLH. The control group skiers (CON) (seven women, eight men) performed the same tests while living and training in normoxia with ∼4 weeks between the tests. Results Hb mass in LHTLH increased 4.2 ± 1.7% from 772 ± 213 g (11.7 ± 1.4 g kg −1 ) to 805 ± 226 g (12.5 ± 1.6 g kg −1 ) ( p &lt; 0.001) while it was unchanged in CON ( p = 0.21). TTE improved during the study regardless of the group (3.3 ± 3.4% in LHTLH; 4.3 ± 4.8% in CON, p &lt; 0.001). VO 2max did not increase in LHTLH (61.2 ± 8.7 mL kg −1 min −1 vs. 62.1 ± 7.6 mL kg −1 min −1 , p = 0.36) while a significant increase was detected in CON (61.3 ± 8.0–64.0 ± 8.1 mL kg −1 min −1 , p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Four‐week normobaric LHTLH was beneficial for increasing Hb mass but did not support the short‐term development of maximal endurance performance and VO 2max when compared to the athletes who lived and trained in normoxia.

Topic: High Altitude and Hypoxia
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Changes in neurosyphilis presentation: a survey on 286 patients

Abstract Although neurosyphilis ( NS ) keeps plaguing worldwide, often with oligosymptomatic and atypical manifestations, the most recent reports fail to provide useful information, like details of the clinical history and even of the previous early therapy. We conducted a survey of the literature of the last 5 years on the clinical presentation of NS , recording the aforementioned inaccuracies. One hundred and thirty‐seven articles were collected, reporting on 286 patients. General paresis was the commonest form (49%), often manifesting with cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms. Syphilitic meningitis was found in 63 patients (22%), mainly with ocular or auditory involvement. Meningovascular and tabetic form were both found in 12% of cases. Gummatous and epileptic manifestations were rare. Perusal of the literature confirms that NS prevalence is increasing, often with manifestations that are atypical for timing and type of lesions. Unfortunately, many articles are lacking of critical information, like an accurate clinical history and timing of the therapy making difficult to assess the effectiveness of penicillin in preventing NS .

Topic: Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences