jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subsynchronous Resonance in Independent Energo with Distributed Semiconductoring Load

A subsynchronous eleсtromechanical resonance in autonomous power systems is caused by the coincidence of the natural frequency of power network and one of the natural frequencies of turbogenerator unit in the electrical power plant. The occurrence and development of subsynchronous resonance causes subsynchronous oscillations of generators rotors, which are dangerous for shaft elements of turbogenerator units. Besides that, load angle oscillations having small amplitude under frequencies of 10-15 Hz create radial vibrations in bearing supports of turbogenerator units. The vibrations cause the emergency disconnection by vibration protection. In this paper the feature of subsynchronous resonance development in autonomous power system is present in the load power uncontrolled asynchronous motors and a large amount of similar frequency-controlled asynchronous various power drives through numerical simulations are discussed.

Topic: Electric Power Systems and Control
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Product Matrix Traveling Salesman Problem: An Application and Solution Heuristic

In this paper we analyze an optimization problem that arises in the overhaul of a gas turbine engine. This problem involves the placement of nozzle guide vanes in the nozzle of the engine. The objective of the vane placement is to attain “uniform” flow (equalized distribution of hot fuel gases) about the circumference of the engine nozzle. We show that this placement problem is equivalent to a traveling salesman problem (TSP) whose cost matrix is a product matrix. Exploiting properties of the special form of the cost matrix, we give a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem, and derive a posteriori lower bounds for the heuristic. We show that the heuristic performs extremely well on both real and simulated data. Finally, we present and develop the theoretical results that are the foundation of the proposed heuristic.

Topic: Optimization and Packing Problems
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD 3mVUV #141655.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Controlling the CIA: A Critique of Current Safeguards

Abstract Is it possible to have an effective secret service in an open society? That is the central question of this book. The weight of the evidence suggests a positive answer-indeed, democracies in this perilous world must have a secret service. The United States could well perish at the hands of foreign enemies without the protection afforded its citizens by the eyes and ears of the intelligence community. But an important caveat has to be added immediately: democracies must also maintain strong safeguards to shield their citizens against the possible misuse of secret power at home or abroad.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pan‐cancer genomic analyses reveal prognostic and immunogenic features of the tumor melatonergic microenvironment across 14 solid cancer types

Abstract We performed comprehensive genomic analyses of the melatonergic system within the tumor microenvironment and their clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of solid tumors. RNA‐seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 14 solid tumors representing 6658 human samples were analyzed. The tumor melatonergic system was characterized by the rates of melatonin synthesis and metabolism using a two‐gene expression model (melatonin synthesis/metabolism Index). We calculated three indexes according to different melatonin metabolism isoenzymes (Index‐I [ ASMT:CYP1A1 ], Index‐II [ ASMT:CYP1A2 ], and Index‐III [ ASMT:CYP1B1 ]). Samples of each cancer type were classified into two subgroups (high vs low) based on median values. Clinical outcomes, mutational burden, and neoepitope abundance were analyzed and compared. We found that the ability of the tumor microenvironment to synthesize and accumulate melatonin varied across cancer types and negatively correlated with tumor burden. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses and multivariable modeling showed that the three indexes played different roles across different cancers and harbored prognostic values in breast cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] Index‐II = 0.65 [0.44‐0.97]; P = 0.03), cervical cancer (AHR Index‐I = 0.62 [0.39‐0.98]; P = 0.04), lung squamous cell carcinoma (AHR Index‐III = 0.75 [0.56‐0.99]; P = 0.04), melanoma (AHR Index‐I = 0.74 [0.55‐0.98]; P = 0.04), and stomach adenocarcinoma (AHR Index‐III = 0.68 [0.41‐0.94]; P = 0.02). We further investigated its clinical relevance with tumor immunogenic features (mutational burden and neoantigen abundance), which may predict immunotherapy benefits. We observed significant negative correlations with mutational burden in the majority of tumors ( P &lt; 0.05), except cervical cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Our study provides a systematic overview of the oncostatic values of the melatonergic system and highlights the utilization of this simple and promising gene signature as a prognosticator and potential predictor of response to immunotherapy.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
State <i>v</i>. Ebrahim

417 Jurisdiction — Executive — Individuals abducting South African national in Swaziland and transporting him to South Africa to stand trial — Whether individuals agents of South African Government — Whether South African court having jurisdiction to try person brought into its jurisdiction against his will — “Clean hands” doctrine Relationship of international law and municipal law — In general — Restrictions on the exercise of power by one State in the territory of another — South African agents abducting South African national from Swaziland and transporting to South Africa to stand trial — Whether international law applicable — Whether applicable domestic law prohibiting such actions State responsibility — For acts of agents — Individual abducted from residence in Swaziland and transported to South Africa to stand trial — Circumstances surrounding abduction — Whether sufficient to show involvement of South African Government in the abduction — The law of South Africa

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PERFORATION OF BOWEL DURING TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS WITH CORTICOTROPIN

Corticotropin (ACTH) and, to a lesser extent, cortisone have recently been used in the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. As with other drugs used in the treatment of this disease, the results have varied widely. Pronounced improvement has been noted in some cases during corticotropin or cortisone therapy,<sup>1</sup>but only brief mention has been made of peritonitis and perforation during the course of therapy.<sup>1a,d</sup>Other reports on corticotropin or cortisone therapy have described the perforation of peptic ulcers during treatment.<sup>2</sup>Perforations of the small intestine have been reported in one patient with regional enteritis.<sup>1a</sup> It is our purpose to report three cases of peritonitis occurring among 17 patients with ulcerative colitis treated by us with corticotropin. Thirteen patients received 25 mg. of corticotropin every six hours intramuscularly for 17 to 30 days. Four patients received 20 mg. each day by continuous infusion over an eight hour

Topic: Microscopic Colitis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rural Clusters: Promoting Structural Transformation in Armenia

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility of application of the cluster based rural development approach in Armenia to promote its structural transformation. Case study was selected as a research methodology, and both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Analysis of the key findings from the ‘field’, i.e. - the potential cluster, shows that rural households practice a livelihood strategy, that was named here as “minimal production -ensured consumption” strategy. Rural smallholders diversify their livelihoods, but this diversification is of defensive character. Obstacles and local potential for cluster activation were also analyzed, as well as the projection of further developments was provided. From the ‘common’ list of constraints this study identified two specific ones that have to be targeted first in the given rural context. Based on the analysis on macro, meso and micro levels, general criteria for rural cluster formation in Armenia have been proposed. Those criteria are not fixed and should/can be amended depended of the specifics of rural areas within the country. As a result, this exploratory case study concludes with a proposition that clusters can be viewed as a way to overcome mini-economy effect in the context of Armenia, so that rural clusters unify separated economic potential in rural areas and promote regional development, which will transform the country’s economy in the long run (structural transformation).

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reductive Claisen-Type Condensation Promoted by the Combination of Phosphine and Lewis Acid

The Ph3P/TiCl4 combination was found to be an effective promoter for the Claisen-type condensation of α-bromothioesters. Both in the case of self-condensation and crossed-type reactions, corresponding β-ketothioesters were obtained in good yields.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Safe Decentralized Applications Development Using Blockchain Technologies

Decentralized applications, architectures and Blockchain are very popular and progressive technologies that are definitely ahead of its time. Nowadays world has a lot of decentralized applications and proposals, however the approaches and concepts decentralized software development based on the Blockchain technology is only emerging. This process is a common thing for new technologies as far as its adaptation takes time and often requires to change a usual approach to it. This article suggests a new way of safe decentralized applications development using Blockchain technologies and Ethereum platform. Ethereum platform-it's a project that is undoubtedly second best after bitcoin for a quite long period of time. Ethereum is presented as a platform for various tasks, such as maintaining a stable application performance in case of any threats. The main object of the research are the decentralized applications, build on a Ethereum platform basis using the smart-contracts algorithm. The study helped to improve an existing crypto-token allocating model which goal is acquiring more stable performance. On the basis of improved model a new method of allocating cryptotokens in decentralized Ethereum applications was developed, defined a main stage of apps elaboration, offered an allocating crypto-token algorithm which is able to use associative tables and dictionaries.

Topic: Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in healthy volunteers of razaxaban, an orally-active, potent, selective inhibitor of factor XA

In this study, the PK characteristics and PD effects of razaxaban were evaluated after administration of single- (10–200 mg) and multiple-doses (25–100 mg either Q12h or Q24h during 5 days) in healthy subjects. Subjects were confined to a study unit where samples were obtained for determination of the razaxaban PK/PD profile. Study evaluations included adverse experiences monitoring, bleeding time (BT), Factor X deficiency (FXD), Factor Xa inhibition (FXI), and standard tests of antithrombotic activity. Razaxaban was well absorbed reaching maximal plasma concentrations between 1 and 6 h after oral administration. There were dose-related proportional increases in Cmax, AUC and AUCt. Steady state plasma concentrations were achieved within 3–4 days. Razaxaban administration was well tolerated with concentration and dose-related changes in markers of antithrombotic activity but without clinical significant changes in BT. The maximal percent changes in FXD and FXI were observed at the 200 mg Q24h dose (median of 96 and 93%, respectively), followed by the 100 mg Q12h dose (median 90 and 83%, respectively). At the highest levels of percent change in FXD and FXI no major bleeding was observed. These results indicate that once- or twice-daily oral administration of razaxaban are well tolerated producing predictable dose-related changes in antithrombotic markers and support further clinical studies to assess efficacy in patients at risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P6–P6; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.022

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A novel mathematical optimization method to obtain the maximum-power electrical configuration of thermoelectric generators for energy harvesting

Waste thermal energy recovery with thermoelectric generators has been widely studied as a method to make systems that produce hot exhaust gases, such as aircrafts, ground vehicles and factories, more sustainable. In this type of applications, the mismatch in hot and cold side temperatures of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) creates a mismatch in the electrical output. For each situation, there is a certain electrical interconnection between the modules that gives the maximum global power output. Three optimization models to find what is the best way of connecting the TEMs without a trial-and-error process, as usually done in previous literature, based on mathematical programming are proposed: single branch of series-connected TEMs, multiple parallel-connected branches of series-connected TEMs, and multiple groups of independent series-connected TEMs. The main novel contributions of this paper are: i) a mathematical optimization approach that provides how to connect the thermoelectric modules one by one, ii) the application of the above-mentioned method in a common case study: an automotive thermoelectric generator, iii) information about how the optimal connection between modules changes if the heat source changes its operation iv) a method for selecting a fixed optimal connection even when the heat source operation changes, e.g. different operation modes in a thermal engine, based on introducing weighting parameters in the optimization mathematical model. The optimization approach followed here is novel and has not been applied before to thermoelectric generators.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
About Neutron Electric Dipole Moment: Exotic Case

When the magnetic moment of neutron m presesses around a static magnetic field B the electric dipole moment of neutron dn is tied up with m and rotates in the plane perpendicular to B with Larmor frequency wp. If to apply the oscillating electric field perpendicular to a field B this may cause a spin flip of a neutron. At w=wp one may observe a resonance similar to the one obtained in Neutron Magnetic Resonance technique.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
An ethical reflection on GDPR compliance : integrating business ethics into a GDPR audit framework

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enforced on the 25th of May 2018. To help organizations audit their compliance with this regulation, an audit framework is indispensable. Next to this, it is good to know that the GDPR is essentially based on ethical principles. Speaking of eth-ics, research has shown that good business ethics have a positive influence on business performance. Therefore, this research is set out to investigate the following: “How should organizations take business ethics into account in their efforts to comply with the GDPR?” Using a design science approach, a GDPR compliance framework is developed during this research to audit compliance with GDPR article 1 - 23. The framework is innovative in the sense that it integrates business ethi-cal principles to improve the awareness of ‘why’ the GDPR is needed. This is achieved by providing a tool which identifies the relationships between the business ethical principles and the GDPR articles. 25 interviews indicated that this approach towards GDPR compliance was perceived as an eye-opener. The findings are from a qualitative nature and provide a basis for future quantitative research.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Enhanced magnetic ordering in Sm metal under extreme pressure

The dependence of the magnetic ordering temperature T&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; of Sm metal was determined through four-point electrical resistivity measurements to pressures as high as 150 GPa. A strong increase in T&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; with pressure is observed above 85 GPa. In this pressure range, Sm ions alloyed in dilute concentration with superconducting Y exhibit giant Kondo pair breaking. Taken together, these results suggest that for pressures above ~85 GPa Sm is in a highly correlated electron state, like a Kondo lattice, with an unusually high value of T&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;. Furthermore, a detailed comparison is made with similar results obtained earlier on Nd, Tb, and Dy and their dilute magnetic alloys with superconducting Y.

Topic: Rare-earth and actinide compounds
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Differential Risk of Peptic Ulcer Among Users of Antidepressants Combined With Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Abstract Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to have an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events, and the risk may be further increased by combined use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, little has been known about the risk of peptic ulcer associated with other classes of antidepressants or individual antidepressants combined with NSAIDs. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to define the risk of peptic ulcer associated with combined use of antidepressants and NSAIDs, as compared with use of antidepressants alone. Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, we identified a total of 1,127,622 patients who began receiving antidepressants between 2009 and 2012. Propensity-based matching and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of peptic ulcer between antidepressant users with NSAIDs and those without NSAIDs matched in a 1:1 ratio, for a total of 768,850 patients. Results The risk of peptic ulcer did not increase with combined use of overall antidepressants and NSAIDs, as compared with antidepressant use alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.06). A slightly increased risk was observed for combined use of NSAIDs with tricyclic antidepressants (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.21) and with SSRIs (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.16). Conclusion We found that although concomitant use of NSAIDs and antidepressants was not associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer for antidepressants in general, it was so for some specific classes including tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that the increased risk was solely due to NSAID use.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prostaglandin synthase 1 gene disruption in mice reduces arachidonic acid-induced inflammation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration

AbstractCyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) are key enzymes in prostaglandin biosynthesis and the target enzymes for the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To study the physiological roles of the individual isoforms, we have disrupted the mouse Ptgs1 gene encoding COX-1. Homozygous Ptgs1 mutant mice survive well, have no gastric pathology, and show less indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration than wild-type mice, even though their gastric prostaglandin E2 levels are about 1% of wild type. The homozygous mutant mice have reduced platelet aggregation and a decreased inflammatory response to arachidonic acid, but not to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Ptgs1 homozygous mutant females mated to homozygous mutant males produce few live offspring. COX-1-deficient mice provide a useful model to distinguish the physiological roles of COX-1 and COX-2.

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The incidence and nature of fibrous continuity between the sphenomandibular ligament and the anterior malleolar ligament of the middle ear.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural interrelationship between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the middle ear, in terms of fibrous continuity between the sphenomandibular ligament (SML) of the mandible and the anterior malleolar ligament (AML) of the middle ear. Thirty-seven specimens of the TMJ and middle ear were obtained from adult human cadavers. The temporal bone, petrotympanic fissure, mandibular fossa, and middle ear were dissected en bloc, fixed, sectioned, stained, and observed microscopically. Of the 37 specimens, 67.6% had a continuity of the SML through the fissure passing near the malleus of the middle ear. The AML was present at the fissure in 64.9% of the specimens, with 58.3% passing through and not stopping at the fissure. Results indicated a fibrous continuity between the SML and the AML. Structural differences between the two ligaments were also noted. The SML contained randomly arranged fibrous connective tissue with numerous interposed blood vessels. The AML had a smooth arrangement of fibers within the connective tissue, and few blood vessels were apparent. The clear anatomic relationship observed strongly supports the contention of a functional interrelationship between the TMJ and the middle ear.

Topic: Oropharyngeal Anatomy and Pathologies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences