jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Classroom Setting and ADHD Behavior in Children With ADHD Compared to Typically Developing Peers

Objective: More knowledge on the impact of classroom setting on behavior of children with ADHD may help us to better adjust classroom settings to the needs of this group. Method: We observed ADHD behaviors of 55 children with ADHD and 34 typically developing peers (6–12 years) during classroom transitions, group lessons, and individual seatwork. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that levels of motor and verbal hyperactivity increased during classroom transitions compared to group lessons and individual seatwork. Children in the ADHD group were more off-task, across settings. There were no interactions between group and setting. Conclusions: Children with ADHD were similarly affected by classroom setting compared to typically developing peers, despite being more off-task across settings. Further research into whether the observed increase in hyperactivity during classroom transitions may be problematic or possibly even beneficial for children with ADHD is recommended.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Non-Sensitizing Protein Antigens.

For certain organ transplantations it has been necessary for us to find two distinct protein antigens toward which dogs may be rendered equally and practically invariably hypersensitive. We have found a very wide variation in canine susceptibility to different proteins, wholly unexpected from our experience with other animal species. The following are typical results: (a) Horse Serum: Dogs injected subcutaneously with 0.5 cc. horse serum per kilogram of body weight, followed 24 hours later by an intravenous injection with the same dose, are almost invariably hypersensitive if tested after an incubation period of about 21 days. Fully 95 per cent of them are thrown into severe anaphylactic shock on intravenous injection with 1 cc. horse serum per kilogram of body weight, with fatalities in about 20 per cent of the cases. With 2 cc. horse serum per kilogram of body weight the fatalities are increased to about 40 per cent. (b) Goat Serum: Dogs injected with the same doses of goat serum and tested after the same incubation period are usually not demonstrably hypersensitive. Only about 30 per cent of them give recognizable anaphylactic reactions on intravenous injection with 2 cc. goat serum per kilogram of body weight. (c) Egg White: Dogs injected with the same doses of 50 per cent egg white (Ringer's solution) and tested after the same incubation period, give no suggestion of anaphylaxis, even on intravenous injection with doses as large as 5 cc. 50 per cent egg white per kilogram of body weight. There is evidently a determining factor in canine protein sensitization of which we are at present wholly ignorant.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of fictitious bristle parameters in dynamic friction models

In this study, the influence of bristle parameters in dynamic friction models is investigated, in particular in the LuGre and FrD2 models. These models contain internal states to better capture the friction behavior. The FrD2 model, a second-order dynamic friction model, aims at higher accuracy. The investigation focuses on how the independent variation of the bristle stiffness and the damping parameters affects the model behavior, especially considering the practical approximations used in determining the damping coefficient.

Topic: Brake Systems and Friction Analysis
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Digital Arcticism?: Exploring Arctic connotations on Facebook

This article explores what happens if we let an algorithm search for the Arctic online. Drawing on a large dataset of posts from food actors on Facebook, we look at how the term of ‘Arctic’ is used on Facebook. We firstly explain the digital methods deployed in our work. We then present its outcome, a clustered and networked visualization of the ‘Arctic’ gastronomy conversation across the world. Our analysis shows how the Arctic is unsurprisingly connoted with to ice, but also to freshness. In the discussion, we show how these findings might take us in two directions. The first interprets our findings - the reproduction of stereotypes of the Arctic as cold and icy - as digital Arcticism. The other points to how local interventions can work to (re)value food imagery and how digital platforms can help Arctic food entrepreneurs with tapping into a global market by drawing on the global imagery displayed in our analysis.<br/>

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ultrahigh-gain single SnO2 nanowire photodetectors made with ferromagnetic nickel electrodes

We report the first attempt at magnetic manipulation of the photoresponse in a one-dimensional device in which a highly sensitive ultraviolet photodetector, composed of tin dioxide nanowire (SnO2 NW) and ferromagnetic nickel (Ni) electrodes, has been fabricated and characterized. Surprisingly, as the Ni electrodes were magnetized, the photocurrent gain was greatly enhanced by up to 20 times, which is far beyond all of the previously reported enhancement factors for functionalized NW photodetectors. The underlying mechanism enabling the enhanced gain is attributed to both oxygen molecules adsorbed and surface band-bending effects due to the migration of electrons to the surface of SnO2 NW caused by the magnetic field of ferromagnetic electrodes. The novel approach presented here can provide a new route for the creation of highly efficient optoelectronic devices based on the coupling between ferromagnetic materials and nanostructured semiconductors. Yang-Fang Chen and co-workers from the National Taiwan University have dramatically enhanced the photoresponse of tin oxide semiconductor nanowires using a magnetic field. Tin oxide nanowires can produce a photocurrent under irradiation through the separation of electron–hole pairs at an irradiated location — an effect that makes the nanowires attractive components for a variety of devices including gas sensors and solar cells. The photoresponse depends on the nanowires' morphology, the presence of other 'dopant' species, and can be typically tuned through an electric field. The researchers have now devised a system in which the photocurrent can be amplified — by up to 20 times — using a magnetic field instead. A tin oxide nanowire is placed between two nickel 'ferromagnetic' electrodes and the resulting device subjected to a magnetic field. The high photoresponse observed is attributed to a migration of electrons towards the surface of the nanowires, induced by the electrodes' magnetization. This combination of nanowires with ferromagnetic materials may serve in future to fabricate efficient optoelectronic devices. We report the first attempt of magnetic manipulation of photoresponse in an one-dimensional device, in which a highly sensitive photodetector in the UV region composed of tin oxide nanowire and ferromagnetic nickel electrodes have been fabricated and characterized. Surprisingly, as the Nickel electrodes were magnetized, the photocurrent gain can be greatly enhanced by up to 20 times. The underlying mechanism is attributed to both oxygen molecules adsorbed and surface band bending effects due to the migration of electrons to the surface of tin oxide nanowire caused by the magnetic field of ferromagnetic electrodes.

Topic: Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Return Eye Movements, Saccadic Movements, And The Quick Phase Of Nystagmus

Electric stimulation of ampullary nerves in the alert cat and monkey induces active diphasic eye movements. These consist of an initial deviation followed by a movement which returns the eyes toward or past their initial position in the orbit. The second movement has been designated a return eye movement and is a central oculomotor reflex. This reflex appears to provide ocular compensation for head movements induced by strong impulses of angular acceleration. Modulating influences on this reflex include vision, head and eye movements, the initial position of the eyes in the orbit and the head on the neck, and the level of alertness. There is a reciprocal relationship between the amplitude of initial deviations and active return movements which varies linearly with changes in eye position. Characteristics of return movements link them closely to saccadic movements and the quick phase of nystagmus, and differentiate them from other compensatory eye movements which have been previously described.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of DyVO4

The heat capacity of dysprosium orthovanadate has been determined by adiabatic calorimetry in the range 6.12–343.26 K. The present and earlier data have been used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of DyVO4 in the temperature range 0–350 K. We have determined the absolute entropy and Gibbs energy of formation of dysprosium orthovanadate: S 0(298.15 K) = 148.34 ± 0.11 J/(mol K), Δf G 0(298.15 K) = −1671.6 ± 2.1 kJ/mol. An anomaly has been detected at temperatures below 42 K, due to the Jahn-Teller phase transformation (T C = 14.42 K). We have determined the thermodynamic characteristics of the transformations in the temperature range 0–42.63 K.

Topic: Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Developing peptide vaccines for breast cancer

The complex and heterogeneous nature of breast cancer presents significant challenges for many conventional cancer therapies. Immunotherapy has the potential to provide a more potent, less invasive and less toxic approach to breast cancer treatment, with several successes already evident in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Three recently described tumour-associated antigens (TAAs);&#13;\n(1) NY-BR-1, (2) cadherin-3/P-cadherin (CDH3), and (3) bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 (BST-2), have been implicated as candidates for breast cancer vaccination strategies. However, peptide vaccines that are designed using wild-type (WT) sequences of these proteins are likely to elicit suboptimal T-cell responses in patients. This is generally attributable to the low affinity of thymically-selected Tcell receptors (TCRs) for “self” TAAs. Here I describe a method for enhancing the immunogenicity of these three HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)-restricted breast cancer epitopes. Firstly, αβ CD8+ T-cell clones were generated against each of the epitopes using three different approaches; (i) T-cell lines and (ii) T-cell libraries (Chapter 3),and (iii) tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (Chapter 4), and the breast cancer reactivity of these clones confirmed in vitro. Then, using a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial library (PS-SCL), altered peptide ligands (APLs) were designed for each of the clones (Chapter 5). These APLs were shown to be up to 100,000-fold more potent than the respective WT epitopes. Preliminary “proof-ofconcept” CD8+ T-cell priming experiments on healthy HLA-A2+ donors were then used to establish whether a chosen BST-2 APL was capable of activating superior breast cancer specific T-cell populations in vitro (Chapter 6). From these preliminary investigations, it was found that the BST-2 APL was capable of generating a T-cell response of greater magnitude, and that was also better able to kill breast cancer cells when compared to the corresponding BST-2 WT peptide. Together, these experiments illustrate the potential use of APLs for the development of a highly&#13;\neffective prophylactic or therapeutic peptide vaccine for breast cancer.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Direct evidence gap on fixed versus adjusted‐dose benznidazole for adults with chronic Chagas disease without cardiomyopathy: Systematic review and individual patient data meta‐analysis

Abstract Objectives To determine the comparative efficacy and safety of a fixed dose of benznidazole (BZN) with an adjusted‐dose for Trypanosoma cruzi ‐seropositive adults without cardiomyopathy. Methods We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis following Cochrane methods, and the PRISMA‐IPD statement for reporting. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) allocating participants to fixed or adjusted doses of BZN for T. cruzi ‐seropositive adults without cardiomyopathy were included. We searched (December 2021) Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and trial registries and contacted Chagas experts. Selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane tool, and a GRADE summary of finding tables were performed independently by pairs of reviewers. We conducted a random‐effects IPD meta‐analysis using the one‐stage strategy, or, if that was impossible, the two‐stage strategy. Results Five RCTs (1198 patients) were included, none directly comparing fixed with adjusted doses of BZN. Compared to placebo, BZN therapy was strongly associated with negative qPCR and sustainable parasitological clearance regardless of the type of dose and subgroup analysed. For negative qPCR, the fixed/adjusted rate of odds ratios (ROR F/A ) was 8.83 (95% CI 1.02–76.48); for sustained parasitological clearance, it was 4.60 (95% CI 0.40–52.51), probably indicating at least non‐inferior effect of fixed doses, with no statistically significant interactions by scheme for global and most subgroup estimations. The ROR F/A for treatment interruption due to adverse events was 0.44 (95% CI 0.14–1.38), probably indicating no worse tolerance of fixed doses. Conclusions We found no direct comparison between fixed and adjusted doses of BZN. However, fixed doses versus placebo are probably not inferior to weight‐adjusted doses of BZN versus placebo in terms of parasitological efficacy and safety. Network IPD meta‐analysis, through indirect comparisons, may well provide the best possible answers in the near future. Registration The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019120905).

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Leakage performance evaluation of cloth seal

Turbomachinery sealing technology is concerned with the crucial tasks of maintaining pressurized regions, leakage control, cooling control, purge flow, and axial force balance. Thus, advances in sealing technology have considerable impact on overall turbomachinery performance, decreasing operational costs, fuel consumption, and NOx emmisions. Cloth seals as a new stationary seal have been used as an alternative to thick metal shim seals to reduce leakage rate and increase wear life. The cloth seal includes one or more metallic-cloth fibers (cloth weave) and a thin metal shim. Measuring actual cloth seal leakage proves difficult with challenging turbine operating conditions. Modeling the flow through the complex weave voids among each warp and shute fiber involves a very complex flow structure, extensive effort, and high CPU time. Therefore, a bulk porous medium flow model with flow resistance coefficients is applied to the model cloth seal weave fibers. CFD analyses need leakage data depending on the pressure load to calibrate flow resistance coefficients. A test rig is built to measure leakage of cloth weave with respect to the pressure load and weave orientation in four directions. The Sutherland-ideal gas approach is utilized to determine the flow resistance coefficients for Dutch twill metallic-cloth fibers as a function of pressure load. Moreover, equations to calculate the porosity of plain and twill weave are developed and compared with available data. Literature reviews indicate that available published data about cloth seal leakage performance are not adequately detailed to derive a closed-form equation defining the relationship between seal design parameters and cloth seal leakage performance. In an effort to fill this gap, the effect of geometric parameters under varying pressure load on the cloth seal leakage performance has been investigated in this study. In order to reduce the number of parameters to a manageable size, some of the parameters are fixed and excluded from the experimental design based on the studies in the literature. The remaining eight parameters are included in the screening experiments. Their levels are determined to cover typical application ranges. Parameters, which have a major impact on leakage rate, are determined in the screening experiments, and analyzed in the main experiments. A closed-form equation is derived based on the data and presented in this study. Leakage rate trends with respect to levels of each parameter are examined. In order to conduct leakage tests of screening and main experiment designs, several cloth seal designs are manufactured, and another custom test rig has been designed.

Topic: Tribology and Lubrication Engineering
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Patterns of Stationary Activities during COVID-19 Distancing Relaxation: The elevated pedestrian network of Mong Kok, Hong Kong

COVID-19 is expected to impact the low-income groups' use of public space and related quality of life beyond the current pandemic outbreak. To what extent may the current pandemic affect the use of public space once some restrictions will be lifted? This study focuses on the migrant domestic workers’ spatio-temporal changes in the patterns of public space use during social distancing relaxation period in Hong Kong. The findings highlight increase of individual leisure activities, decrease of density around informal food-production and of gathering group, comparatively to the pre-pandemic situation. Keywords: Covid-19, public space, migrant domestic workers, behavioural mapping eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2461.

Topic: Urban Transport and Accessibility
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pacing, Performance, and Perception in Alice Ping Yee Ho’s <i>Angst</i>

This paper examines how performer decisions regarding musical pacing and expressive timing can shape the communication of affective states in a musical work, through a case study of Angst (Ho, Alice Ping Yee. 2000 Ho, Alice Ping Yee. 2000. Angst. Toronto: Canadian Music Centre. [Google Scholar]. Angst. Canadian Music Centre), composed by Alice Ping Yee Ho and premiered by soprano Janice Jackson. Described by Ho as a ‘reaction to the myth of the inferiority of women’, this work for solo soprano ‘express[es] the fear and anxiety that women encounter’. Angst includes fluctuating time signatures, long-held notes of varying durations, and recurring motives that enter at unpredictable times, which, when combined, can complicate a listener's ability to discern consistent metre and/or predict future musical events.Using a video recording of Angst, I examine how Jackson's performance conveys the anxiety expressed by the protagonist. I draw on Danuta Mirka's adaptation (Mirka, Danuta. 2009 Mirka, Danuta. 2009. Metric Manipulations in Haydn and Mozart: Chamber Music for Strings, 1787–1791. Oxford: Oxford University Press.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]. Metric Manipulations in Haydn and Mozart: Chamber Music for Strings, 1787–1791. Oxford: Oxford University Press) of Ray Jackendoff's parallel multiple-analysis model for determining metre (Jackendoff, Ray. 1991. “Musical Parsing and Musical Affect.” Music Perception 9 (2): 199-230), David Huron's theory of musical expectation (Huron, David. 2006 Huron, David. 2006. Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]. Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), and Austin Patty's pacing scenarios (Patty, Austin T. 2009 Patty, Austin T. 2009. “Pacing Scenarios: How Harmonic Rhythm and Melodic Pacing Influence Our Experience of Musical Climax.” Music Theory Spectrum 31 (2): 325–367. https://doi.org/10.1525/mts.2009.31.2.325.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. “Pacing Scenarios: How Harmonic Rhythm and Melodic Pacing Influence Our Experience of Musical Climax.” Music Theory Spectrum 31 (2): 325-367), and I expand on this work by discussing the affective impact of pacing. I suggest that Jackson's performance of Ho's score creates a confounding listening experience that reflects the work's themes of anxiety, fear, and realisation of power.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Code for: PolyA Prediction using Logistic Regression Model (LRM) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN)

PolyA_Predicion_LRM_DNN is a novel method for predicting poly(A) signal (PAS) in human genomic DNA. It first utilizes signal processing transforms (Fourier-based and wavelet-based), statistics and position weight matrix PWM to generate sets of features that can help the poly(A) prediction problem to perform better due to the different aspects that these features offer. Then, it uses deep neural networks DNN and Logistic Regression Model (LRM) to distinguish between true PAS and pseudo PAS efficiently.&#13;\nThis repository contains scripts which were used to generate three sets of features, namely: signal processing-based, statistics-based and PWM-based features. Then, we use these features to train and then test the DNN and LRM models.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
On the Mechanics of Growth and Morphogenesis in Hydroid Polyps

The growth and morphogenesis of &lt;it&gt;Obelia loveni&lt;/it&gt; and &lt;it&gt;Dynamena pumila&lt;/it&gt; asexual generation were studied. Their cell layers consist of tightly packed cells which are able to contract, to feorlent and slide upon one another while remaining at the same time anchored to elastic enveloping membranes. Both growth and morphogenesis are of pulsatory character due to coordinated periodic contractions and relaxations of cells. Cell contraction results in a normalization of cell orientations, an upward shift of the entodermal column, and an expansion of the rudiment's tip. Cell relaxation is accompanied by reverse deformations and an upwards shift of the ectodermal column. The spatial pattern of active and passive forces and supporting structures is ascertained.

Topic: Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences