jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study on Islamic finance as an approach for financial inclusion in India

This paper endeavors to investigate whether the Islamic financial system can tackle the issue of financial exclusion in India or not. The present study has made an earnest attempt to explore the discriminating factors behind choosing of the institutes (conventional or Islamic), in decreasing order of their importance. Data for the study are collected from 635 respondents, who are customers of Islamic and traditional financial institutes. The area selected for the survey is the state of Kerala, which is considered as the Islamic finance hub in India. The data collected are analyzed by employing the discriminant analysis along with drawing inferences from descriptive statistics. The study finds various factors in descending order of their importance. The factors are type of employment, religion (Muslim/Non-Muslim), income and gender. These are discriminating factors for choosing particular institutes (conventional or Islamic). The study shows that Islamic finance system was chosen by those, particularly Muslims, who did not have good employment and sufficient income. Hence, it is recommended that extensive formal beginning of Islamic finance in India, will lead to higher financial inclusion, since generally the financially excluded individuals belong to the said segments of the society, furthermore, Islamic finance is highly fascinated by the mentioned groups, the planners should think accordingly. The study is novel in its’ approach as it evidently illustrates that Islamic financial system is chosen by those, who do not have good employment, Muslims and those who earn less. Thus, there should be extensive formal commencement of Islamic finance in India to kick off higher financial inclusion.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Illicit Transnational Enterprises and the State

This article aims at contributing to the current debate over the effects of illicit transnational activities on states. Recent avenues of conceptualizing transnational organized crime call for defining it as an economic activity with the scope of profit, rather than a criminal activity. Illicit transnational business activities largely follow the trends in development of legal business. The transnational criminal enterprises emerged in parallel to the growth of multinational corporations, making use of the same opportunities as legal business did. The article discusses violence by illicit enterprises and reviews current theoretical debate on the linkages between illicit enterprises and the state. The paper then proceeds with an empirical analysis of the effects of the presence of illicit enterprises on state weakness. We have hypothesized that weak states may have higher presence of criminal businesses. The findings generally confirm significant correlation between the two variables. State fragility is positively correlated with the presence of organized crime. Testing these results against empirical evidence partially confirms the findings. However, this correlation might be weakened by the observation that the presence of illicit enterprises alone does not determine state fragility or strength.

Topic: Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Measuring Cognitive and Dispositional Characteristics of Creativity in Elementary Students

This article describes the theoretical underpinning and development of a measurement instrument that provides teachers with a tool to observe the personal creativity characteristics of individual students. The instrument was developed by compiling a list of characteristics derived from the literature to be indicative of the personal characteristics of creative people. The list was then reduced by grouping like characteristics to 9 cognitive and dispositional traits that were considered appropriate for elementary students. The 9-item instrument was then administered in 24 classrooms to 520 Year 6 and Year 7 students. Factor analysis using maximum likelihood extraction with an oblimin rotation revealed a single factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1 and accounting for 63% of the variance. All 9 items on this factor loaded at .72 or greater. The results indicated that the Creativity Checklist has very high internal consistency and is a reliable measurement instrument (a = .93).

Topic: Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
ENHANCING TENSILE STRENGTH IN CLAYS USING POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS

The geotextile industry research and development is growing at a fast rate and new products of variable specifications are now available for earthworks and design engineers. The polypropylene fiber material is non-biodegradable which can stand aggressive chemical exposure when placed along with soil media. This research is conducted on a polypropylene fiber reinforced soil treated with chemical admixture in order to study the interlocking mechanism and to study the extent of improvement on their tensile behaviour. Locally available plastic clay was selected for this investigation. The extent of improvement by the polypropylene fibres inclusion on the tensile behaviour was evaluated by carrying out a series of Brazilian tensile strength tests. The dominant mechanism responsible for the increase in tensile strength properties has been proposed. The effect of various geotechnical parameters like grain size distribution, density and moisture content on the tensile strength improvement has been discussed. The study shows that the addition of polypropylene fibers alone to highly plastic clay will not suffice the tensile strength requirements. The polypropylene fibers when added with lime of 6% can improve the tensile strength by further 13 to 28% depending on the dose or fiber content.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fabrication of metal/oxide/fluorographene/oxide/silicon capacitors and their charge trapping properties

Abstract Graphene is well-known as a material with extremely high carrier mobility, although its electrical properties can be changed into those of a highly insulating thin film by a fluorination treatment (fluorographene). Taking advantage of this property, a flexible nonvolatile memory using fluorographene as a charge trapping layer has been proposed. However, the mechanism of charge trapping on fluorographene is not yet fully understood. In this paper, we fabricated fluorographene and analyzed it by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors inserted with fluorographene were fabricated and evaluated electrically. As a result, a large flat-band voltage shift was observed even though the fluorine concentration (C–F bonding ratio) was saturated at around 14%. Furthermore, the charge centroid of the MIS capacitor with fluorographene coincides with the location of the fluorographene. These results indicate that fluorographene can capture injected charges and is a candidate for use in nonvolatile memory with two-dimensional materials.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and Development of Reconstitutable Sustained Release Suspension of Linezolid by Spray Drying Technique

The purpose of this research work was to design and evaluation of a stable reconstitutable Sustained release suspension for pediatric and geriatric patients using spray drying techniques. Linezolid is the drug of choice in treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. The microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method. Drug loaded microcapsule were prepared using Eudragit RS and RL100 and ethyl cellulose in three different polymer ratio. The influence of the drug to polymer ratio and feed flow rate was studied on the properties of microcapsule using a 32factorial design. The drug to polymer ratio (X1) and feed flow rate (X2) were selected as independent variable and percentage yield, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, Q6, Q8, t90% were selected as dependent variables. Regression analysis and ANOVA were performed for dependent variables. Dissolution data were fitted to various kinetic models on drug release of microcapsule. The prepared SR suspensions were evaluated for flow properties, determination of rheological and sedimentation behavior. From the factorial batches, optimize batch of microcapsules were used for preparation of reconstitutable SR suspension using various suitable suspending agents. Accelerator stability study of reconstitutable SR suspension was performed as per ICH guideline.

Topic: Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Languaged lives: A new perspective on language teacher identity

Teachers of languages generally strive to pass on their love of language in their teaching. As plurilinguals, they work with at least two languages. Students also are frequently plurilinguals, navigating between the different contexts of use of language in their various languages, practices that often go unnoticed in the education system, where they may be required to work in one language, or one language at a time, in a dedicated languages classroom. In this paper, teachers are invited to reflect on their languaged lives, or the relationship between the language(s) they teach and the languages of their histories and heritage, and which figure in determining their identity(ies). New ways of thinking about 'proficiency' open up spaces for valuing various levels of use and engagement with languages, and of seeing these as semiotic or meaning-making resources, which impact not only on the teachers' lives, but how they interact with students, and how they value and acknowledge students' various language resources, and can usefully invite students to make use of these resources in the classroom.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Accuracy of Proxy Reports of Parental Status Characteristics

This article addresses the accuracy of proxy reports of parental status characteristics by examining findings from over 30 studies. The analysis focuses on the influence of the child-respondent's age, race, and gender and the parents' education or occupation on the accuracy of reporting. In addition to providing a comprehensive summary of this research literature, the article tests four hypotheses: (1) there will be a curvilinear relationship between the. age of the child-informant and the accuracy of the proxy information, (2) blacks will be less accurate reporters than will whites, (3) there will be few gender differences in the accuracy of reports, and (4) parental education will be less accurately reported than will father's occupation. In general, it seems that proxy reports are most accurate if the respondents are high school seniors living at home and reporting on their parents' current status characteristics.

Topic: School Choice and Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Clinical Outcome of 260 Pediatric ITP Patients in One Center

In the current study, clinical and laboratory findings and treatment modalities of children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were evaluated retrospectively. Our purpose was to determine clinical outcome of children with ITP and their responses to different treatment regimes. Total of 260 children with ITP were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 76.8 ± 48.1 months. The therapy responses of high-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP; n = 134), standard dose methylprednisolone (n = 32), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; n = 15) treatments were similar. Two (0.8%) of the 260 ITP patients had intracranial bleeding. None of the patients died due to hemorrhage. Of all the patients with ITP, 191 (73.5%) completely resolved within 6 months after initiation of the disease and therefore they were diagnosed as acute ITP; 69 patients (26.5%) had progressed into chronic ITP. The therapy responses of HDMP, standard dose methylprednisolone, and IVIG treatments are similar.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Retro Superior Costotransverse Ligament Space as a New Target for Ultrasound-Guided Intertransverse Process Block: A Report of 2 Cases

An intertransverse process block (ITPB) is a paraspinal thoracic nerve block technique, where the local anesthetic (LA) is injected into the thoracic intertransverse tissue complex posterior to the superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL). Although an ITPB can be ultrasound-guided, it is performed using surrogate bony landmarks without even identifying the SCTL. This report describes a transverse ultrasound imaging technique to identify the retro-SCTL space and perform an ITPB with a retro-SCTL space injection, in 2 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The resultant bilateral, symmetrical, thoracolumbar anesthesia was consistent with epidural spread of the LA and effective for perioperative analgesia.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low Frequency Ultrasound Delivered at 35KHZ Decreases Methicillin Resistance in a Clinical Wound Isolate of MRSA.

1. Physical Therapy, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States. 2. Microbiology, NC A&T University, Greensboro, NC, United States. 3. Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance

Abstract This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adapting the pyramid wavefront sensor for pupil fragmentation of the ELT class telescopes

The next generation of Extremely Large Telescope (24 to 39m diameter) will\nsuffer from the so-called "pupil fragmentation" problem. Due to their pupil\nshape complexity (segmentation, large spiders ...), some differential pistons\nmay appear between some isolated part of the full pupil during the\nobservations. Although classical AO system will be able to correct for\nturbulence effects, they will be blind to this specific telescope induced\nperturbations. Hence, such differential piston, a.k.a petal modes, will prevent\nto reach the diffraction limit of the telescope and ultimately will represent\nthe main limitation of AO-assisted observation with an ELT. In this work we\nanalyse the spatial structure of these petal modes and how it affects the\nability of a Pyramid Wavefront sensor to sense them. Then we propose a\nvariation around the classical Pyramid concept for increasing the WFS\nsensitivity to this particular modes. Nevertheless, We show that one single WFS\ncan not accurately and simultaneously measure turbulence and petal modes. We\npropose a double path wavefront sensor scheme to solve this problem. We show\nthat such a scheme,associated to a spatial filtering of residual turbulence in\nthe second WFS path dedicated to petal mode sensing, allows to fully measure\nand correct for both turbulence and fragmentation effects and will eventually\nrestore the full capability and spatial resolution of the future ELT.\n

Topic: Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advanced open angle glaucoma with controlled intraocular pressure and cataract: one‐year predictive model of glaucoma progression after surgical treatment.

Abstract Purpose To identify the predictive factors of midterm postoperative course in patients with visually significant cataract and advanced open angle glaucoma with intraocular pressure controlled on topical medications. Methods 55 patients with visually significant cataract and advanced open angle glaucoma (visual field Mean Deviation (MD)≤‐12dB) and intraocular pressure(IOP)≤21mmHg on topical medications were prospectively studied(longitudinal data analysis).32 patients undergone phacoemulsification alone versus 23 patients undergoing combined phaco‐trabeculectomy. Main outcome measures: IOP(mmHg), visual acuity(VA)(logMAR), MD(dB), number of antiglaucoma medications needed postoperatively. Follow‐up 1 year. Results The combined surgery provided more IOP reduction (‐5.76(‐7 to ‐4.5) mmHg) (p&lt;0.001) and allowed the reduction of antiglaucoma medications postop by 2.2(2.7 to 1.8) (p&lt;0.001). VA improvement was more by the time elapsed (p=0.014) and preoperative MD (p=0.006) and less by the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD)(p&lt;0.001). The MD change was related to the preoperative MD (p&lt;0.001) while Cup‐Disc Ratio had a negative effect on postoperative MD change (p=0.001). The presence of RAPD reduced the MD change (p=0.052) while patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and women showed improvement in their MD postoperatively (p=0.038 and p=0.021, respectively). Conclusion type of operation is the main predictive factor of the IOP change and number of antiglaucoma medication reduction. VA improvement is related to severe damage of the optic nerve and visual field change is related to the degree of glaucomatous damage of the optic nerve.

Topic: Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Security Through Deception

ABSTRACT For each layer of information security there is a number of techniques and tools that can be used to ensure information superiority. Indeed some experts would argue that you cannot have the former without the latter. In today's technological & interconnected world, however, information superiority is very hard to achieve and almost impossible to maintain. This paper will argue that the art of deception is a reliable and cost effective technique that can assure the security of an infrastructure. The paper will conclude by presenting a technical solution of the above statement.

Topic: Information and Cyber Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cross-Sectional Comparative Study on Central Sensitization-Psychosocial Associated Comorbidities and Psychological Characteristics in Breast Cancer Survivors with Nociceptive Pain and Pain with Neuropathic Features and without Pain

The frequency of a high Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) total score and the prevalence of pain have already been established among breast cancer survivors (BCS). However, the psychological factors’ influence based on the clinical features of pain is still unknown, as well as BCS characteristics with no pain. Thus, our main aim was to evaluate the presence of a high CSI total score in BCS with pain and compare it with BCS without pain and to evaluate the influence of psychosocial factors. A cross-sectional comparative study was designed to compare BCS with nociceptive pain (n = 19), pain with neuropathic features (n = 19) or no pain (n = 19), classified by the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS). CSI, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, anxiety and depression symptoms were analyzed and compared among the three groups. The CSI total score was higher in both BCS pain groups compared to BCS without pain, but there were no statistical differences between the pain groups. The same observation was made when comparing pain catastrophizing. The neuropathic feature group showed greater levels of fear of movement, anxiety and depression compared to the no pain group. Thus, CS-psychosocial associated comorbidities and pain-catastrophizing thoughts were more prevalent among BCS with pain, regardless of the clinical features of pain. BCS with neuropathic pain features showed greater psychological disturbances.

Topic: Cancer survivorship and care
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure from Aspirin-Mediated Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas Recurrence is Affected by Blood Biochemistry and Nutritional Intake

Supplementary Figure from Aspirin-Mediated Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas Recurrence is Affected by Blood Biochemistry and Nutritional Intake

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
10305 Experimental Study on Vortex Breakdown in a Cylindrical Container with Free Surface

Experimental study was carried out on the vortex breakdown in a cylindrical container with free surface. Swirling flow was driven by the rotation of the bottom endwall disk. Meridional flow was visualized by means of the fluorescein sodium dye technique. Various formations of one axis bubble, two axis bubbles, one axis bubble attached to the free surface, two axis bubbles with the upstream one attached to the free surface, ring vortex etc. were observed. Critical boundaries for various type vortex breakdowns and boundary between steady and unsteady flows were also shown for the combination of Reynolds number based on the rotation of the bottom endwall and the aspect ratio of the depth of working fluid to the radius of the container. Comparison with the previous experimental and numerical results is discussed.

Topic: Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A multi-corpus approach to the placement of <i>however</i>

Abstract While in recent years, many studies have been devoted to the frequency of connectors in second-language (L2) writing, the issue of connector placement has received scant attention. In this study we focus on the highly frequent and mobile connector however to identify L2 learners’ placement preferences. The study aims to contribute to the current debate around the notions of nativeness/non-nativeness and expertise/noviceness, and for this purpose relies on three corpora that differ in terms of nativeness and expertise. The results show that novice writers with English as a first language (L1) are not significantly different from novice writers from other L1s, both populations favouring initial positioning of however , while expert writers display more flexible positioning.

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences