jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of nitrogen-containing derivatives of 3,11-dioxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid against HIV-1 protease

Thirteen nitrogen-containing derivatives of 3,11-dioxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid were synthesised by introducing various amino acids and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups at the 30-carboxyl group, starting from 18<i>β</i>-glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the 13 derivatives, 10 exhibited inhibitory activity against HIV-1 PR, with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.19 to 0.94 mM. Notably, derivatives <b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> displayed relatively moderate inhibitory activity, with IC<sub>50</sub> values below 0.24 mM. Molecular docking studies provided further insights into the interaction between derivatives (<b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>5</b>) and the active sites of HIV-1 PR. The results revealed favourable hydrophobic-hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, with docking scores ranging from −6.22 to −7.00 and glide emodel values from −62.9 to −48.6 (kcal/mol). These findings underscore the potential of derivatives <b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> as promising candidates for the development of HIV-1 PR inhibitors.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerases from Yeast

A mitochondria‐free cell extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as source of yeast DNA polymerase for the partial purification and characterization of the enzyme. Upon DEAE‐cellulose chromatography, the total DNA polymerase activity separates into a major fraction, DNA polymerase A, and a minor fraction, DNA polymerase B. The final purification achieved was 150‐to 200‐fold for DNA polymerase A and 60‐to 80‐fold for DNA polymerase B. The two polymerases A and B differ from each other in some properties. Both purified enzyme preparations contain only traces of nucleases and very little, if any, terminal transferase. Activity is totally dependent on the presence of DNA, all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and Mg ++ . With “activated” DNA or with poly d(A‐T) as template the DNA polymerases A and B exhibit an optimal activity. Native DNA preparations promote DNA synthesis to a low degree only, while denatured DNAs are even less active as templates. The enzymes have a molecular weight around 150 000; however, larger aggregates have been observed under certain conditions.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Live Sharing of Learning Activities on E-Books for Enhanced Learning in Online Classes

While positive effects of imitating other learners have been reported, the recent increases in the number of online classes have seriously limited opportunities to learn how others are learning. Providing information about others’ learning activities through dashboards could be a solution, but few studies have targeted learning activities on e-textbook systems; it remains unclear what information representations would be useful and how they would affect learning. We developed a dashboard system that enables live sharing of students’ learning activities on e-textbooks. An experiment was conducted applying the dashboard in an online class to evaluate its impact. The results of questionnaires and quizzes were analyzed along with learning activities on the e-textbook system. From the questionnaire results, the most useful feedback types were identified. Regarding the impact on learning, the study found that a higher percentage of students who used the dashboard followed the progress of the class than those who did not. The study also found that students who used the dashboard were more likely to achieve higher quiz scores than those who did not. This study is the first to reveal what specific feedback is useful and to successfully investigate the impact of its use on learning.

Topic: Online Learning and Analytics
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emotion-based Multimodal Music Classifier for Recommender Systems

In recent years, advancements in artificial intelligence have driven a growing demand for personalized user experiences across various digital platforms. In the music domain, this trend is reflected in the need for more sophisticated recommendation systems beyond traditional collaborative filtering methods. This thesis introduces an emotion-based multimodal music classifier, leveraging both audio features and song lyrics to capture the emotional content of music. By focusing on song content and emotional attributes, this approach aims to lay the groundwork for recommendation systems capable of providing users with a more customized and emotionally resonant experience, also addressing the cold-start problem typical of collaborative filtering-based recommendation. Following an overview of existing literature on the topic and the examination of the challenges posed by the specific field of interest, the first contribution of this work is the creation of a suitable dataset for Music Emotion Recognition: this is achieved by extending a subset of the Music4All-Onion dataset with emotion-based labels for song lyrics using an eight-class emotional model. Audio data, available in the form of pre- extracted acoustic features, is analyzed using unsupervised machine learning methods to meaningfully model the underlying structures and patterns associated with emotional music content. Different baselines methods are identified as benchmarks to comparatively evaluate the proposed approaches. The final emotion-based multimodal classifier primarily relies on textual data in the form of song lyrics, incorporating acoustic information as an auxiliary feature to enhance the emotional classification. The model achieves promising results in the context of Music Emotion Recognition, considering the data availability issues characterizing research in this field.

Topic: Music and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Papanicolaou Screening in Developing Countries

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. Although progress is optional in all settings, Papanicolaou screening is feasible anywhere that cervical screening is appropriate and should be implemented without further delay in high-risk communities with access to curative treatment services. Successful prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, prospects for which remain uncertain, will not eliminate requirements for cervical screening. The feasibility of human papillomavirus test analysis has not been demonstrated in low-resource developing country settings. Because past failures of cervical screening in developing countries are attributable to failures in programmatic quality rather than to technological limitations of the screening test, a shift in paradigmatic focus from technology toward quality is mandatory. Because visual screening techniques coupled with immediate ablative treatment are rendered obsolete by an embedded quality-control paradox, a moratorium should be placed on all such programs. Considerable opportunity costs, borne by the underserved, are associated with prioritizing research of novel interventions in developing countries when satisfactory interventions already exist.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Digital subtraction angiography as a method of screening for coronary artery disease during peripheral vascular angiography.

Since myocardial infarction is the major cause of perioperative and postoperative death following peripheral vascular surgery, an accurate method of screening for coronary artery disease in this group of patients is needed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with the use of intra-arterial aortic root injection of contrast material was evaluated as a method of screening for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing angiography for peripheral vascular disease. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated in animal experiments. Fifteen milliliters of Renografin-76 was power injected into the aortic root of seven anesthetized 20 kg mongrel dogs. Normal coronary artery anatomy was clearly demonstrated with DSA, and a series of iatrogenically created stenoses and occlusions were accurately identified. Excellent definition of patent grafts to the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries was obtained in two dogs that had undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting. A balloon occluder on one graft was used to demonstrate partial and near-total obstruction of the bypass graft. We are currently studying the use of aortic root injections using DSA to determine coronary artery disease in patients having standard angiography for peripheral vascular disease. Adequate visualization of coronary arteries and bypass grafts with only 20 ml of contrast has been obtained. The potential ability of this technique to identify and allow treatment of life-threatening coronary artery lesions in patients prior to or simultaneously with peripheral vascular surgery may result in reduced mortality.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
HOPE: an efficient parallel fault simulator

The authors present an efficient sequential circuit parallel fault simulator, HOPE, which simulates 32 faults at a time. HOPE is a parallel fault simulator based on single fault propagation. It adopts the zero gate delay model. The key idea incorporated in HOPE is to screen out faults with short propagation paths, and prevent them from being simulated in parallel. The screening process drastically reduces the number of faults simulated in parallel to achieve substantial speedup. The experimental results presented show that HOPE is about two times faster than PROOFS for most ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Consumer Bankruptcy after the Fall: United States Law under S.256

This paper examines the consumer bankruptcy system in the United States after the enactment in April 2005 of S. 256, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005. The paper was prepared for a workshop on comparative commercial and consumer law at the University of Toronto in the fall of 2005. The bulk of the paper is devoted to a detailed examination of the workings of the means test, the Byzantine new gate-keeping provision that tests whether an individual consumer debtor may proceed with a liquidation bankruptcy case under chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The paper also examines more briefly four other aspects of the revisions to the U.S. consumer bankruptcy system: (1) the creation of entry barriers for a consumer debtor to obtain bankruptcy relief; (2) the weakening of the discharge available to consumer debtors; (3) windfalls to secured creditors; and (4) limitations to the homestead exemption. An Appendix includes a letter that 92 law professors sent to the United States Senate prior to enactment of the bill and which opposed the bill; the author was one of the signatories.

Topic: European and International Contract Law
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Preventive Services Use Among African American and Latino Adult Caregivers in South Los Angeles

Background: The burden of informal caregiving is significant and well-documented, yet the evidence is mixed as to whether being a caregiver presents an additional barrier to receiving recommended preventive care. Objectives: To determine whether (1) caregivers compared with noncaregivers were less likely to receive preventive health services; and (2) higher intensity caregivers were less likely to receive preventive health services than lower intensity caregivers. Research Design, Subjects, and Measures: Data were from a telephone survey of Latino and African American adults 50 years or older in South Los Angeles (n=702). Outcomes were flu vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, and colorectal cancer screening. Logistic regression models adjusted for predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to the Andersen Model of Access to Health Care for Low-income Populations. Results: Caregiver type (eg, adult child, nonrelated) was associated with varying odds of receiving a preventive service. Caregivers had lower odds than noncaregivers of receiving preventive services although odds of receiving a flu vaccination improved slightly for caregivers of persons with memory loss compared with other caregivers. More weekly caregiving hours was associated with higher odds of receiving flu vaccination (adjusted odds ratios, 1.1; 95% confidence interval=1.0, 1.1) or colorectal cancer screening (adjusted odds ratios, 1.1; 95% confidence interval=1.0, 1.1). Caregivers and noncaregivers age 65 and older or with chronic conditions were more likely to receive vaccinations. Conclusions: Preventive service use was influenced by characteristics of the caregiving situation. An opportunity may exist to leverage care recipients’ ongoing contact with health care providers to increase caregivers’ own access to preventive services.

Topic: Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
INTEGRATIVE SUMMARY OF THE THIRD PM COLLOQUIUM

Research on human exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) reported on at the Third PM Colloquium indicates that the field is now moving beyond descriptive reports that focused largely on gravimetric concentrations of PM in ambient air and in other microenvironments, and their associations with indices of short-term changes in rates of mortality and morbidity. There is now a welcome shift in emphasis toward a more detailed analysis of PM exposures and dosimetry in terms of size-segregated PM fractions (PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafines) and their chemical constituents, as well as toward biological response measures. Such responses shed light on the underlying mechanisms that account for both short-and long-term responses to ambient air PM and copollutants on the respiratory tract, the cardiovascular system, and immune function. Through both the formal presentations of research findings and the opportunities provided for more informal discussions of mutual interest, this Third Colloquium has enhanced oppo...

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Big Data Investment, Skills, and Firm Value

This paper analyzes how labor market factors have shaped early returns on big data investment using a new data source—the LinkedIn skills database. The data source enables firm-level measurement of the employment of workers with technical skills such as Hadoop, MapReduce, and Apache Pig. From 2006 to 2011, Hadoop investments were associated with 3% faster productivity growth, but only for firms (a) with significant data assets and (b) in labor markets where similar investments by other firms helped to facilitate the development of a cadre of workers with complementary technical skills. The benefits of labor market concentration decline for investments in mature data technologies, such as Structured Query Language-based databases, for which the complementary skills can be acquired by workers through universities or other channels. These findings underscore the importance of geography, corporate investment, and skill acquisition channels for explaining productivity growth differences during the spread of new information technology innovations. This paper was accepted by Alok Gupta, special issue on business analytics.

Topic: Digital Platforms and Economics
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Developing the student-citizen of finance: sponsored film at the New York Stock Exchange, 1947–1973

This article examines seven films produced as part of a mid-century NYSE campaign to increase shareholdership and reconfigure the Exchange’s symbolic place within American life. Seen by millions of people in theatrical and nontheatrical venues as well as on television, the NYSE campaign showcases the sponsored film – one of our most prolific, but least studied categories of cinema – in its golden period. Sponsored films masquerading as educationals, they also provide an opportunity to examine the superficially pedagogical strategies adopted by business hoping to induce monetary and ideological investment in capitalist systems. Tracing the Exchange’s attempted cultivation of a particular kind of American economic subject, the student-citizen of finance, I explore how films situate viewers as pupils – subjects occupying a subordinate, dependent position in relation to the films’ authoritative teaching. I then turn to these films’ ‘overorganizing image’ to show how they posit the act of learning as a precondition for participation in the market and, in turn, American democracy; to be a proper member of the nation, viewers must position themselves as the films’ willing students. Familiar to today’s financial media landscape, the student-citizen of finance remains central to the project of fostering individualised economic activity and neoliberal economic citizenship.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Suppression of Theta^+(J^P=3/2^(+,-)) photoproduction from the proton

We investigate the photoproduction of Theta^+ from the proton and neutron, gamma N -&gt; Kbar Theta^+. Assuming that spin and parity of Theta^+ are J^P = 3/2^(+,-), it is shown that the production from the proton is strongly suppressed as compared with that from the neutron. This could provide a possible explanation for the null results of the recent CLAS experiment in finding Theta^+ via the reaction gamma p -&gt; Kbar^0 Theta^+.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preferential Cu 2 Coordination by His 96 and His 111 Induces -Sheet Formation in the Unstructured Amyloidogenic Region

The prion protein (PrP) is a Cu 2 binding cell surface glycoprotein that can misfold into a -sheet-rich conformation to cause prion diseases. The majority of copper binding studies have concentrated on the octarepeat region of PrP. However, using a range of spectroscopic techniques, we show that copper binds preferentially to an unstructured region of PrP between residues 90 and 115, outside of the octarepeat domain. Comparison of recombinant PrP with PrP-(91–115) indicates that this prion fragment is a good model for Cu 2 binding to the full-length protein. In contrast to previous reports we show that Cu 2 binds to this region of PrP with a nanomolar dissociation constant. NMR and EPR spectroscopy indicate a square-planar or square-pyramidal Cu 2 coordination utilizing histidine residues. Studies with PrP analogues show that the high affinity site requires both His 96 and His 111 as Cu 2 ligands, rather than a complex centered on His 96 as has been previously suggested. Our circular dichroism studies indicate a loss of irregular structure on copper coordination with an increase in -sheet conformation. It has been shown that this unstructured region, between residues 90 and 120, is vital for prion propagation and different strains of prion disease have been linked with copper binding. The role of Cu 2 in prion misfolding and disease must now be re-evaluated in the light of these findings. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that include Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans, mad cow disease in cattle, and scrapie in sheep. The infectious agent in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is a proteinous infectious particle or “prion,” which is devoid of nucleic acid. It is believed that these spongiform encephalopathies are caused by the accumulation of an abnormally folded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ). 1 This misfolded protein is rich in -sheet

Topic: Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Corporate governance reforms and political partisanship: an empirical analysis in 16 OECD countries

This paper explores the determinants of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms. Using a Cox conditional model in gap time, this paper provides new empirical evidence on the linkages between the adoption of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms at the firm level and government ideological affiliation in 16 OECD countries over the period 1970–2009. I find strong evidence linking rightward shifts in government ideological orientation with the adoption of minority shareholder protection legislation. This result supports our argument that changes in the composition of the coalition of heterogeneous interests and/or a change in the expectations of the parties’ constituency will affect government strategy on the adoption of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms. I also find that the macroeconomic context at the international level may influence the adoption of these reforms. Our findings suggest that international economic integration has resulted not in the convergence of corporate governance regimes to the Anglo-Saxon model, but rather the emergence of hybrid corporate governance systems.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Experiences of learning through collaborative evaluation from a masters programme in professional education

This paper presents findings from a collaborative evaluation project within a masters programme in professional education. The project aimed to increase knowledge of research methodologies and methods through authentic learning where participants worked in partnership with the tutor to evaluate the module which they were studying. The project processes, areas of the course evaluated and the data collection methods are outlined. The findings focus on key themes from evaluating the effectiveness of using a collaborative evaluation approach, including: enhanced student engagement; creativity of the collaborative evaluation approach; equality between the tutor and students; and enhanced research skills. Discussion focuses on the outcomes and effectiveness of the project and tutor reflections on adopting a collaborative approach. This paper highlights lessons from the project relevant to those interested in staff-student partnership approaches and those facilitating postgraduate learning and teaching programmes and educational research courses.

Topic: Higher Education Practises and Engagement
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences