jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasmosis in Public Health: Risks, Diagnosis and Therapeutic

Purpose: Based on the notoriety of the prevalence of the disease in the current context, this paper aims to cite the main forms of treatment currently applied, highlighting the particularities of each medication used, in addition to highlighting the future perspectives in relation to the disease and preventive measures. Methodology: To produce the article, a literature review was carried out based on books, epidemiological and experimental papers through searches in Google, academic databases and PubMed. Findings: Recent studies show a possible relationship between toxoplasmosis and other diseases of the Central Nervous System, such as Parkinson's. Despite years of research aimed at producing an effective vaccine against the disease, it has not yet been possible to obtain one, although there is progress. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: By reviewing data already present in the literature, it is possible to better clarify which are the best forms of diagnosis, as well as the development of new treatments. The graphical analysis of the results indicated fewer studies about risk factors and prevention methods, showing a lack of discussion about these topics and a need to spread this information to try to lower the prevalence of the disease. Therefore, the evolution of disease diagnosis techniques helps in the beginning of treatment, preventing the worsening of the condition in more susceptible people.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Non Muslim Under The Regulation Of Islamic Law In Aceh

The purpose of this research is to explore how non-Muslim minorities perception to regulation of Islamic Law in Aceh Province , Indonesia. This is important because since 2001, the province of Aceh, is the only one in the republic of Indonesia to carry out Islamic Law by the local government. The data of research was collected from 193 respondents (102 males and 91 females) in 7 districts in Aceh Province by using questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics performed using SPSS/PC Ver.13.00. Results indicated that 96% of respondents are non-Muslim communities in Aceh Province, who did not know that Islamic Law in force in Aceh. So more of they are anxiety (51% of respondents) and worry to implementation Islamic Law in his town. There are 17% non-Muslims feel disturbed when they cannot justify in eating and drinking during the day the month of Ramadan. But most of them (76%) answered do not miss human rights. Using interviewed, also found more of non-Muslims are trying to adjust to the conditions and culture of local communities. Sometime they try to take advantage of the use of hijab/jilbab. Her hijab has made it look more beautiful, her face and hair more awake from the hot of sun.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cover Image, Volume 529, Issue 9

The cover image is based on the Research Article Structural basis for noradrenergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb by Sawa Horie et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25085.

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Electrophysiological and psychophysical tests of age-related changes in vision

There is evidence from the psychophysical literature which suggests that low spatial frequency-high temporal frequency visual input is distinctly impaired in older observers. We are investigating these changes by measuring evoked potential amplitudes elicited by gratings of 0.6 and 6 cycles/deg flickered at 15 and 7.5 Hz, respectively, presented at a variety of contrasts. Three groups of subjects (young, middle-aged, and older) were composed of ten males each. The slope of the function relating VEP amplitude to stimulus contrast provides an index of visual system gain at low grating contrasts and serves as the dependent measure of the study. The psychophysical method of magnitude estimation is being employed as well to determine if age related changes in electrophysiological measures of amplitude are in agreement with changes in perceived contrast.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
From Characterisation to Validation: A Journey through Master’s Level Analytical Chemistry

The master&amp;rsquo;s degree in Applied Analytical Chemistry at University College London (UCL) includes valuable teaching input from the UK National Measurement Laboratory for Chemical and Bio-Measurement hosted at LGC. The course starts by introducing accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, trueness, and precision for validating analytical chemistry measurement methods. The principles of proficiency tests, quality control, ruggedness, and associated statistics are practiced using a wide variety of case studies.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cardiac Myxoma

THERE are now over 350 reported cases of cardiac myxoma, a slowly-growing intracavitary tumor, most frequently occurring in the left atrium.<sup>1,2</sup>Cardiac myxomas manifest themselves clinically by obstruction of cardiac flow, by constitutional effects, and by embolization. Systemic emboli have been reported in up to 45% of patients with left atrial myxoma.<sup>3-5</sup>In cases where inconspicuous cardiac symptoms and signs are combined with multiple cerebral emboli, a difficult diagnostic problem confronts the clinician. Maroon and Campbell<sup>6</sup>have pointed out the importance of atrial myxoma as one of the potentially treatable causes of cerebrovascular occlusion. The present report describes the case of a young woman in whom a left atrial myxoma with disseminated emboli gave rise to pathologic changes in cerebral vessels unlike any that we had previously seen or that had been described by others. Because of the puzzling clinical course, the striking abnormalities visualized by

Topic: Cardiac tumors and thrombi
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Transport on Physical and Haematological Status of Cattle in Bangladesh

A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of July-December, 2014 to determine the effect of transportation associated physical stress of cattle used for beef purpose in Bangladesh.A total of 300 cattle were randomly selected, those were subjected to long distance transportation (648km, 14h).A pre-structured record sheet was used to record the injury related data, physical parameters and others relevant data both before and after transportation.The frequencies of injuries were increased significantly (P<0.01) after transportation (47%) than before (26%).The injuries were most common in Hariana cattle both before (5%) and after (8%) transport.Abrasion was dominated type of injury (11%) and were increased significantly (P<0.05) after transportation.The most frequent location of injuries was pin bone in both phase of the study.The frequencies of nasal discharge and degree of dehydrations were significantly (P<0.01)increased after transportation.Increased number of injuries and other physical status indicators during transportation indicates relatively higher degree of stress and suffering.Cattle trader should aware about the comfortless of animal during transportation for maximum productivity as well as to maintain animal welfare.

Topic: Livestock Management and Performance Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Novel regulatory SNPs in the promoter region of the TNFRSF18 gene in a Gabonese population

Parasites are accountable for driving diversity within immune gene families. We identified and investigated regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18) gene by direct sequencing in a group of male Gabonese individuals exposed to a wide array of parasitic diseases such as malaria, filariasis and schistosomiasis. Two new promoter variants were identified in 40 individuals. Both novel variants were heterozygous and were linked to SNP #rs3753344 (C/T), which has been described. One of the SNP variants (ss2080581728) was close to the general transcription factor site, the TATA box. We further validated these new promoter variants for their allelic gene expression using transient transfection assays. One new promoter variant with two base changes (C/T - ss2080581728/rs3753344) displayed an altered expression of the marker gene. Both novel variants remained less active at the non-induced state in comparison to the major allele. The allele frequencies observed in this study were consistent with data for other African populations. The detection and analysis of these human immune gene polymorphisms contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between host-parasite and expression of Treg activity.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on the Electricity Light of Plecoglossus altivelis According to Circulating Water Cultivation and Artificial Gather Eggs Technology

为研究通过人为控制香鱼性腺发育，2011~2012年在福井县内水面综合中心开展了循环流水电照培养香鱼亲鱼试验。试验结果表明：2011年和2012年通过循环流水电照培养获得成熟的雌性亲鱼487和580尾；雄性亲鱼108和131尾。用干导法人工授精，受精率95.30%和80.67%；发眼率47.18%和48.15%，孵化率均为80.00%，获得孵化仔鱼317万和351万尾。本研究表明香鱼亲鱼在人工培养关键技术确立及成熟应用。人工电照培养亲鱼采卵的授精率、发眼率及仔鱼孵化率不如天然捕获亲鱼，但是能解决天然亲鱼由于气候等自然条件原因造成亲鱼数量及采卵不稳定因素，且具有人为控制育苗规模及提前开展人工育苗的优势。 To artificially control gonad development of Plecoglossus altivelis, water recirculating and electric lighting were used to cultivate sweetfish broodstock in surface comprehensive center of Fukui prefecture in 2011-2012. The result showed: 487 and 580 mature females, 108 and 131 males were obtained respectively. In 2011 and 2012, 3.17 and 3.51 million hatching larvae were gained using a wet artificial method in 2011 and 2012, with fertilization success of 95.30% and 80.67%, eyed eggs of 47.18% and 48.15%, and common hatching rate of 80.00%. This study shows the es-tablishment and mature application of key technologies in artifically cultivating sweetfish broodstock. Fertilization rate, eyed larvae rate and hatching rate by artificial electric lighting are inferior to natural capture; however, it can solve the problem which brings many difficulties to natural capture, such as the instability of broodstock number and eggs collecting caused by climate and other natural conditions, and has advantages in artificially controlling breeding scale and time to carry out breeding plan in advance.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design and performance of collimated coincidence point sources for simultaneous transmission measurements in 3-D PET

The authors have implemented a simultaneous emission-transmission measurement for three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3-D PET) using a collimated coincidence point source design employing a fast, dedicated, reference detector close to the transmission source. This design reduces the effects of randoms, scatter, dead time, and sensitivity loss on the emission data compared to previous implementations. It also greatly reduces the effect of emission contamination of the transmission data compared to the use of rod sources. Here, the authors present performance characterizations of this measurement technique on both the Siemens/CTI ECAT ART and PET/SPECT tomographs. The main effect of the transmission sources on the emission measurement is an increased randoms rate, which lends to a 10-25% reduction in NECR at specific activities >2 kBq/mL in a 21-cm-diameter phantom on the PET/SPECT. Emission contamination effects on the transmission measurement are estimated to be less than 1% for up to 20 kBq/mL in a 21-cm phantom on the PET/SPECT. Both the emission and transmission NECR are dominated by the effects of randoms. Considering the effects of both emission and transmission noise on the final corrected image, it appears that 3-6 kBq/mL of emitter concentration is an optimal imaging range for simultaneous acquisitions. The authors present the first images of a normal volunteer using this system on a Siemens/CTI PET/SPECT tomograph.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Congenital Spinal Lipomatous Malformations. Part 1. Spinal Lipomas, Lipomyeloceles, and Lipomyelomeningoceles

<b>Background:</b> Lumbosacral spinal lipomas and lipomyeloceles are usually identified in early childhood. Terminology, histopathology, and diagnosis for these malformations can be confusing. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This is a PubMed review with comparison of embryology, gross, and histopathology, and reporting requisites for these and related closed spinal malformations. <b>Results:</b> The spinal lipoma group (congenital spinal lipomatous malformations) includes subcutaneous, transdural, intradural, and noncontiguous malformations stretching through the entire lower spinal region. This lipomyelocele trajectory overlaps the embryonic tail's caudal eminence. Histopathologically, the lipomyelocele spectrum is a heterogeneous, stereotypical set of findings encountered from dermis to spinal cord. Diagnosis requires detailed correlation of images, intraoperative inspection, and histopathology. <b>Conclusions:</b> Appropriate terminology and clinicopathologic correlation to arrive at a diagnosis is a critical activity shared by pathologist and clinician. Prognostic and management differences depend on specific diagnoses. Familial and genetic influences play little if any role in patient management in closed spinal malformations.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel semiconductor/superlattice distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and its characteristics

A novel semiconductor/superlattice AlAs/[GaAs/AlAs] DBR has been obtained through replacing the Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x$As in the AlAs/Al(subscript x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As DBR with GaAs/AlAs superlattice. In experiment, a p-type of this kind of 19-period DBR has been grown by V80H MBE system. From the experimental reflection spectrum, the central wavelength of the DBP is about 850nm and the 19-period DBR has the reflectivity high up to as 99.5%. Moreover, by using twice self-designed tungsten filament mask and proton implantation method, the 10x10 (mu) m<SUP>2</SUP>square current flowing area has been made to measure the series resistance of the p-type DBR. The method can solve the difficulty in controlling the depth of etching prevent the occurrence of side etching in wet chemical etching usually used in experiments. From our experiment the series resistance of the DBR was just about 50 Ohms. Furthermore, the dependence of series resistance on temperature has also been studied. From the experimental results, it was found that the low series resistance of this kind of DBRs may be attributed to an increase in tunneling current on the semiconductor/superlattice minor structure that would leave to a decrease in the series resistance.

Topic: Ga2O3 and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rapidity gaps and jets as a new-physics signature in very-high-energy hadron-hadron collisions

In hadron-hadron collisions, production of Higgs bosons and other color-singlet systems can occur via fusion of electroweak bosons, occasionally leaving a ``rapidity gap'' in the underlying-event structure. This observation, due to Dokshitzer, Khoze, and Troyan, is studied to see whether it serves as a signature for detection of the Higgs bosons, etc. We find it is a very strong signature at subprocess c.m. energies in excess of a few TeV. The most serious problem with this strategy is the estimation of the fraction of events containing the rapidity gap; most of the time the gap is filled by soft interactions of spectator degrees of freedom. We also study this question and estimate this ``survival probability of the rapidity gap'' to be of order 5%, with an uncertainty of a factor 3. Ways of testing this estimate and further discussion of the underlying hard-diffraction physics are presented.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Motion blurred image restoration based on flight control system

In recent years, the applications of Aerial UAV are more and more extensive. The aerial system is subject to the impact of the relative movement, posture changes and the atmosphere, which results in low clarity of the captured image. Based on the image blur phenomenon caused by UAV flight, a function is introduced as its coefficient in Lucy-Richardson (LR) image restoration algorithm, which could effectively protect edge details of the image. The results of image quality evaluation show that the improved LR algorithm can effectively suppress the noise in the image and improve the clarity of the image.

Topic: Advanced Image Processing Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Verbal Aggressiveness Exploration through Complete Social Network Analysis: Using Physical Education Students’ Class as an Illustration

Aim of this study: is a) to detect informal structures (power and position in structures of targeting of verbal aggression) among higher education students, b) to analyze determinants of these structural properties, and c) to propose a typology of verbal aggression targets. Complete network analysis was applied on a sample of a 53 students in Physical Education Faculty, Thessaly University, Greece. Four network analysis algorithms were used: in-degree, Katz status, pagerank, authority. Non-network and network determinants of being target of verbal aggressiveness were analyzed. Gender (particularly femaleness), high grade of school graduation and parents education level protect from verbal aggressiveness while interest in post-graduate study seems to provoke criticism. Ignoring public opinion and intimacy with many "close friends" are positively correlated with verbal aggressiveness. Young (and not old-fashioned) appearance, imposing and eccentric appearance characteristics seem to protect against verbal aggressiveness. Big corporal size, dark skin colors seem to provoke insults in case of female students. Eminent economic state is also provocative as it implies pretentiousness. Phone verbal aggressiveness appears mainly among male students. Eminent qualities such as "good friend", "desirable partner" etc make someone an eminent target for verbal aggressiveness. Verbal aggressiveness presents a catholic character and thus seems to be destructive and not constructive. Intellectual abilities (weaknesses) constitute a verbal aggressiveness target core. The following types of verbal aggressiveness targets are proposed: a) the "general 'black sheep'", b) the "contemptible type", c) the "bagger" type, d) the "victim of mockers" and e) the "victim of serial criticizers".

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship between Circle of Willis Variations and Cerebral or Cervical Arteries Stenosis Investigated by Computer Tomography Angiography and Multitask Convolutional Neural Network

Circle of Willis (CoW) is the most critical collateral pathway that supports the redistribution of blood supply in the brain. The variation of CoW is closely correlated with cerebral hemodynamic and cerebral vessel-related diseases. But what is responsible for CoW variation remains unclear. Moreover, the visual evaluation for CoW variation is highly time-consuming. In the present study, based on the computer tomography angiography (CTA) dataset from 255 patients, the correlation between the CoW variations with age, gender, and cerebral or cervical artery stenosis was investigated. A multitask convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to segment cerebral arteries automatically. The results showed the prevalence of variation of the anterior communicating artery (Aco) was higher in the normal senior group than in the normal young group and in females than in males. The changes in the prevalence of variations of individual segments were not demonstrated in the population with stenosis of the afferent and efferent arteries, so the critical factors for variation are related to genetic or physiological factors rather than pathological lesions. Using the multitask CNN model, complete cerebral and cervical arteries could be segmented and reconstructed in 120 seconds, and an average Dice coefficient of 78.2% was achieved. The segmentation accuracy for precommunicating part of anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery, the posterior communicating arteries, and Aco in CoW was 100%, 99.2%, 94%, and 69%, respectively. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be considered as an adjunct tool for detecting the CoW, particularly related to reducing workload and improving the accuracy of the visual evaluation. The study will serve as a basis for the following research to determine an individual’s risk of stroke with the aid of AI.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE POWER OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CALL CENTER: THE ROLE OF WORKPLACE HAPPINESS AND EMPLOYEE VOICE IN THRIVING AT WORK

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of workplace happiness and the moderating role of employee voice in the effect of employees' perceptions of corporate governance working as customer communication consultants on thriving at work. For this purpose, corporate governance, thriving at work, workplace happiness, and employee voice scales were used in the study. The population of the study consists of 874 employees working in two different institutions operating as call centers in Türkiye. The data of the study was obtained from 449 employees (205 male, 244 female) who participated in the survey. AMOS 24 application was used to verify the factors of the scales in the study. SPSS 27 was used in the analysis of the variables and the mediation and moderation role of the research was evaluated with SPSS PROCESS MACRO model 14. According to the results of the research, it was determined that workplace happiness had a mediating role in the effect of corporate governance perception on thriving at work, and employee voice had a moderating role in the indirect effect of corporate governance (through workplace happiness) thriving at work. Therefore, increasing corporate governance and supporting employee happiness can create an environment where employees can thrive at work, and employee voice plays an important role in this process.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences