jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of brachial reactive hyperemia and flow-mediated dilation in stable coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of a single measurement of reactive hyperemia (RH) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with established stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: RH and brachial artery FMD were ultrasonographically measured in 325 patients with stable CAD. Patients were followed for cerebro-cardiovascular events. The median follow-up was 3.7 years (range 0.01–5.7 years). RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients (20.6%) had an cerebro-cardiovascular event. Patients with subsequent events had lower FMD (4.9 ± 3.3% versus 6.3 ± 3.5%, p = 0.003), higher brachial artery resting diameter (5.1 ± 0.7 mm versus 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002) and lower NMD (11.2 ± 5.1% versus 12.8 ± 5.4%, p = 0.02), while the mean hyperemic flow velocity and shear stress did not differ from patients without cerebro-cardiovascular events. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for sex, age, BMI, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors revealed a hazard ratio of 0.84 for lower FMD (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that single spot measurements of peak RH do not provide long-term prognostic information, but evaluation of conduit artery FMD predicts long-term cerebro-cardiovascular events in patients with stable CAD. The prognostic value of FMD is incremental to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and may therefore be of clinical importance.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growth characteristics of photoautotrophic biofilm in Donghu Lake in Wuhan.

Photoautotrophic biofilms were cultured and collected in different water layers of the Donghu Lake of Wuhan City from October to November 2005 in an experiment to study characteristics of their growth and activity. Several parameters including biomass, extracelluar polysaccharides, COD and dehydrogenase, were determined. Results show that the photoautotrophic biofilms in different depths experienced four growth periods like "latent adaptation period, growing period, abscising period, and regrowing period". The photoautotrophic biofilm growing in the water 20 cm in depth was higher than those in the water 100 cm in depth in growth rate, biomass and activity. The findings indicate that the physiological characteristics of the photoautotrophic biofilm in hypereutrophic water are quite similar to those in the clean natural water and eutrophication doesn't have significant effect on the growth of biofilm.

Topic: Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Novel<i>SOX17</i>frameshift mutations in endometrial cancer are functionally distinct from recurrent missense mutations

Extensive genomic profiling for endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) has pointed to genes and pathways important in uterine development as critical mediators of endometrial tumorigenesis. SOX17 is a developmental transcription factor necessary for proper endoderm formation that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and shown to modulate WNT signaling. <i>SOX17</i> mutation analysis in 539 primary EECs revealed frequent missense and frameshift mutations with an overall 11.5% mutation rate. More than half the mutations identified were frameshifts (32 of 62), and the hotspot missense changes, p.Ala96Gly and p.Ser403Ile, were seen in 14 tumors. None of the cases with a mutation had a second <i>SOX17</i> mutation or evidence of allelic loss. Immunofluorescence microscopy performed on primary samples showed that there were no changes in SOX17 protein expression associated with mutation. Low/absent SOX17 staining was significantly associated with advanced stage, high tumor grade and reduced recurrence-free survival. Functional assessment of the two hotspot missense mutations and three representative frameshift mutations showed that SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I have transcriptional activities similar to SOX17 wild-type (WT), whereas none of the frameshift mutant proteins showed transcriptional activity. Forced expression of SOX17-WT, -A96G or -S403I in EC cell lines moderately increased β-catenin mediated transcription, which contrasts with previous data showing SOX17 is an inhibitor of TCF/β-catenin signaling. The proliferation of EC cell lines was expectedly reduced by transfection with SOX17-WT, and further reduced by SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I. These data implicate <i>SOX17</i> mutation as a selected event in EEC, with clear differences between the missense and frameshift mutations.

Topic: Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CERTAIN FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING HYPERGEOMETRIC OPERATORS

A remarkably large number of inequalities involving the fractional integral operators have been investigated in the literature by many authors. Very recently, Baleanu et al. [2] gave certain interesting fractional integral inequalities involving the Gauss hypergeometric functions. Using the same fractional integral operator, in this paper, we present some (presumably) new fractional integral inequalities whose special cases are shown to yield corresponding inequalities associated with Saigo, Erd<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>lyi-Kober and Riemann-Liouville type fractional integral operators. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those earlier ones are also pointed out.

Topic: Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Teaching and learning in integrated social studies

• Teaching shows patterns of different discourses of learning in varying degrees of integration • When grading is introduced, the subject knowledge discourse turns more dominant. • Students show greater engagement in higher degrees of integrated teaching directed by overarching curriculum objectives. • Macro policies direct the characteristics of the teaching, but there are variations in the strength with which different policies are implemented. Purpose: The purpose is to analyse how teaching and learning take place in integrated social studies teaching in relation to various curriculum goals and what consequences the teaching has for students’ approaches to learning. Design/methodology/approach:Ethnographic fieldwork is used in ten integrated thematic units conducted in four classes in four Swedish schools, with students in Years 5 and 6. Findings: The grading in Year 6 contributes to the integrated teaching being more adapted and directed towards subject knowledge goals. Students are very committed and involved in higher degrees of integration and discourses of learning connected to overarching curriculum objectives and are more focused and performance-oriented when the subject knowledge discourse creates a dominant pattern. Practical implications: Teaching in social studies should consist of the whole range of learning discourses, and how different knowledge conceptions can affect teaching and students’ learning should also be considered

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fatigability of rat hindlimb muscles after acute irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional impact of acute irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the fatigability of medial gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. After treatment with methanesulfonyl fluoride (a lipid-soluble anticholinesterase), which reduced their AChE activity by &gt;90%, these muscles were subjected to an in situ indirect stimulation protocol, including a series of isolated twitch and tetanic contractions preceding a 3-min fatigue regimen (100-ms trains at 75 Hz applied every 1.5 s). During the first minute of the fatigue regimen, the effects of AChE inhibition were already near maximal, including marked reductions in peak tension and the force-time integral (area), as well as a decrement of compound muscle action potential amplitudes within a stimulus train. Neuromuscular transmission failure was the major contributor of the force decreases in the AChE-inhibited muscles. However, despite this neuromuscular transmission failure, muscles of which all AChE molecular forms were nearly completely inhibited were still able to function, although abnormally, during 3 min of intermittent high-frequency nerve stimulation.

Topic: Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical Conformal Mapping of Unbounded Multiply Connected Regions onto Circular Slit Regions

This paper presents a boundary integral equation method for conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto circular slit regions. Three linear boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by an analytic function on an unbounded multiply connected region. The integral equations are uniquely solvable. The kernels involved in these integral equations are the classical and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernels. Several numerical examples are presented.

Topic: Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Case for Carbon Pricing

Abstract When it comes to responding to the problem of anthropogenic climate change, the overwhelming preference among policy experts is for a system of carbon pricing. This is normally justified on the grounds that it maximizes the welfare of future generations. The objective of this chapter is to provide a philosophical defense of carbon pricing based instead on contractualist foundations. The central claim is that the negative externality of greenhouse gas emissions violates a reciprocity condition that is a central normative constraint in the system of cooperation in our society. A system of carbon taxation is recommended on the grounds that it addresses this externality problem more directly than any other policy alternative. The merits of such a regime are illustrated using the example of agricultural production and the carbon emissions associated with food supply.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Cabalodontia albofibrillosa Westphalen

10. Cabalodontia albofibrillosa (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Westphalen, in Westphalen, Motato-Vásquez, Tomšovský & Gugliotta, Mycologia: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1894536, 5 (2021). White rot in a broad-leaved forest. Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, Puer, Yunnan Province, China, on a trunk of angiosperm, 25 August 2018, CLZhao 8722.

Topic: Heat shock proteins research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Resilience in the event of long-term absenteeism

Long-term absenteeism is a persistent problem in the police organisation in the Netherlands. Around 4% of staff has been absent for over three months. For the National Police's Enhancing Professional Resilience programme, we conducted research into opportunities for increasing people's resilience when returning to work after such a long period of absenteeism. This research provides suggestions for dealing with the problem of long-term absenteeism effectively. The following issues turned out to be important: the scope of employees of their reintegration process, reciprocity in the relationship between line manager and police employee, greater knowledge of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its causes and finally, dealing with diversity in the organisation in an active manner.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
DNA in situ sensitivity to denaturation: a new parameter for flow cytometry of normal human colonic epithelium and colon carcinoma.

Modal DNA (ploidy) and sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation by acid have been analyzed by flow cytometry of 10 colorectal adenomas and 35 adenocarcinomas; 39 normal mucosa samples served as controls. A new method was developed to denature DNA in chromatin of the freshly isolated, intact, and unfixed individual cell nuclei from surgically resected material. The sensitivity of DNA denaturation (T alpha) was assayed by metachromatic staining with acridine orange and calculated as a ratio of the alpha t index of the tumor sample to the alpha t index of normal mucosa; the alpha t index is that fraction of DNA, following treatment at pH 1.4, that stains metachromatically with acridine orange at pH 2.6. All adenomas were diploid and in nine of 10 the T alpha value was close to 1.00, indicating no difference from control specimens in DNA sensitivity to denaturation. Forty-nine% of adenocarcinomas were aneuploid. Forty-six% of adenocarcinomas differed from normal in sensitivity of DNA to denaturation; the T alpha value was lower than 0.90 indicating that chromatin of the tumor cells was more resistant to denaturation than control cells. There was no correlation between sensitivity to denaturation of DNA and incidence of aneuploidy. However, there was a correlation between T alpha and the pathologically determined stage of disease. There was increased resistance to denaturation in 58% of tumors classified as Dukes' C/D stage, in 36% of tumors classified as Dukes' B, and in 20% classified as Dukes' A stage of the disease. Statistical analysis of these results revealed significant differences between distributions of T alpha in noninvasive (Adenomas and Dukes' A) versus invasive (Dukes' B and C/D) tumors with level of significance at P = 0.02. The data suggest that acid denaturation of DNA in situ may be a valuable adjunct in assessing the biology of colon cancer. The molecular basis for this phenomenon is discussed.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of semi-automated cells counting in peritoneal fluid

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Currently, the cytological analysis of biological fluids, such as peritoneal fluid, is performed by manually cells counting in Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. However, this method has a number of limitations. Because of these limitations, automatic counters have been evaluated for cell counting in this type of sample in order to make it faster and more reliable test.Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the manual and semi-automated leukocytes and erythrocytes counting in peritoneal fluid.Materials and methods:The samples were analyzed manually and using the CountessTM(Invitrogen).Results:The results showed that although there is a correlation between the two counting methods, the correlation is relatively low, for both leukocytes and erythrocytes analysis.Conclusion:The results suggest that peritoneal fluid should continue to be analyzed in Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. However, further studies should be conducted with a greater number of samples to investigate the possibility of using automated cells counting in serous fluids and, thus, provide greater speed and quality of results.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of an Educational Program on a Year- Round Forage Production and Grazing Management System in Alabama

Raising animals on supplementary feeds in the lean months is economically unfeasible due to the increasingly high price of grains and commercial feeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of educational events on year-round pasture and grazing management. A survey was introduced through SurveyMonkey to 78 trainees to collect data on a pre-structured questionnaire. A conceptual framework of production function was applied to measure the impact of the events using a before vs. after impact assessment approach. Forty-six percent of respondents completed the survey. The results revealed that the educational events had a positive impact on the cultivation of cool and warm season grasses and legumes, rotational grazing, technology adoption, multiplication of acquired knowledge and skills, changes in attitude and behavior, and household income. Reaching out to small-scale livestock farmers with need-based technological support helps them in sustaining their farms.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Design of oil-free simple turbo type 65 K/6 KW helium and neon mixture gas refrigerator for high temperature superconducting power cable cooling

For the requirement of HTS facility cooling, we propose oil-free simple turbo-type refrigerator. The working gas is a helium and neon mixture. Two single-stage turbo compressors and two expansion turbines are applied to the cycle. The rotor consists of the compressor impeller, turbine impeller and driving motor, and is supported by foil type gas bearing. The refrigerator requires two rotating machines with excellent reliability and compactness, and the motor power required is 72.5 kW for a refrigeration load of 6 kW. For the cooling of power cable, sub-cooled pressurized liquid nitrogen and a circulation pump must be provided. If the estimated distance between inter-cooling stations is quite long, for example 5 km, plural refrigerators may be set up on one cooling station.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Low- and No- Calorie Sweeteners (LNCS): critical evaluation of their safety and health risks

Abstract The increase of the prevalence of type-2 diabetes as a consequence of overweight and obesity has stimulated public health authorities worldwide to develop strategies for its risk management and prevention. Among them, a reduction on the content of sugar in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages has been suggested, which led the food industry to replace partially sucrose with food additives, such as low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS). As a consequence, there has been an increase of their consumption, which has made regulatory agencies to evaluate their exposure and possible consequences. At the same time, speculations about adverse effects, such as carcinogenicity, preterm delivery and metabolic changes involving appetite, weight increase and glucose intolerance, have been published. This scenario led ILSI Brasil to organize a meeting to update scientific knowledge on the safety of LNCS and to promote discussions among academia, regulatory bodies and food industries to clarify currently controversial information. The results of this initiative are presented in this review. It is suggested that LNCS, when used according to recommendations provided by scientific committees and regulatory authorities are considered safe. Further studies are required to evaluate the current level of exposure in general population and specific ones as children.

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Towards a Psycholinguistic Database of Arabic

Psycholinguistic databases are indispensable resources for psycholinguistic and computational research. Many languages have such valuable resources, such as English, Croatian, Dutch, French, and Chinese. Unfortunately, Arabic doesn't have such databases. This research aims at introducing the guidelines for building a psycholinguistic database of Arabic. The database will be available in two phases: the first is a psycholinguistic phase in which subjective ratings are collected for several variables such as concreteness, imageability, subjective frequency, and number of meanings, the second is a computational phase in which ratings are stacked with other linguistic information obtained from corpora, such as root, stem, objective frequency, number of syllables, and word length. This phase is meant to provide an online searchable release that can be used by psycholinguists and computational linguists for building cognitive-based artificial intelligence models. This survey is meant to introduce the building process of the psycholinguistic phase in detail.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils

Plow pans are an essential part of the agricultural soil structure. By adjusting the soil bulk density and plow pan height, the water and nutrient transport are dynamically redistributed. Plow pans play a crucial role in promoting crop growth, increasing yields, and supporting sustainable land management. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plow pan height (10 cm and 15 cm) and bulk density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 g cm⁻3) on soil nutrient and water leaching under high-volume (HV) and low-volume (LV) fertilizer applications. The results reveal that the leachate volume decreased by 61.9% at a plow pan height of 10 cm and by 96.2% at a plow pan height of 15 cm when the bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm⁻3 under HV conditions. There was no leachate when the plow pan bulk density was 1.6 g cm−3. The reserved concentration of alkali-hydrolyzable N in the plow pan soils was the highest when the plow pan had a bulk density of 1.4 g cm−3 and a height of 15 cm. However, when the plow pan height was 15 cm, the available P content in the plow pan soils decreased by 27.0% and 21.0% at bulk densities of 1.4 g cm⁻3 and 1.6 g cm⁻3, respectively, when compared with 1.2 g cm⁻3. Furthermore, the available P concentrations in the plow pan and subsoil layers decreased with an increase in the plow pan height. The available K concentrations in the topsoil decreased by 26.8% and 24.0% when the plow pan bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm−3 at heights of 10 and 15 cm, respectively. Thus, the optimal plow pan height and bulk density are closely related to the types of soil nutrients. However, it is clear that excessively high bulk densities (e.g., 1.6 g cm−3) negatively impact soil properties. For different nutrient requirements, a bulk density of 1.2 or 1.4 g cm−3 can be chosen, with each providing suitable options based on the specific nutrient needs. This research offers practical insights into changes in nutrient adsorption and fixation in agricultural production associated with alterations in plow pan bulk density.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences