jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
V2X Content Distribution Based on Batched Network Coding with Distributed Scheduling

Content distribution is an application in intelligent transportation system to assist vehicles in acquiring information such as digital maps and entertainment materials. In this paper, we consider content distribution from a single roadside infrastructure unit to a group of vehicles passing by it. To combat the short connection time and the lossy channel quality, the downloaded contents need to be further shared among vehicles after the initial broadcasting phase. To this end, we propose a joint infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication scheme based on batched sparse (BATS) coding to minimize the traffic overhead and reduce the total transmission delay. In the I2V phase, the roadside unit (RSU) encodes the original large-size file into a number of batches in a rateless manner, each containing a fixed number of coded packets, and sequentially broadcasts them during the I2V connection time. In the V2V phase, vehicles perform the network coded cooperative sharing by re-encoding the received packets. We propose a utility-based distributed algorithm to efficiently schedule the V2V cooperative transmissions, hence reducing the transmission delay. A closed-form expression for the expected rank distribution of the proposed content distribution scheme is derived, which is used to design the optimal BATS code. The performance of the proposed content distribution scheme is evaluated by extensive simulations that consider multi-lane road and realistic vehicular traffic settings, and shown to significantly outperform the existing content distribution protocols.

Topic: Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distortions of Time Perception during Critical Situations

Humans are good at estimating durations of time. The person's time perception is affected by emotion (Eiser, 2009). To allow for these predictions, an internal signal that provides the organism with a sense of time has to exist. An information-processing model of Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) and its evolution into the neurobiologically plausible Striatal Beat-Frequency (SBF) theory, contemporaneously are the most accepted to explain this ability to perceive time (van Rijn, Gu & Meck, 2014). According to this theory initially developed by Gibbon et al, the “internal clock” is comprised of a pacemaker that emits pulses at a regular rate and a switch controls how many pulses enter into an accumulator, which stores the number of pulses during the event to be timed. With longer stimulus duration, more pulses are accumulated and consequently the higher the value of the time (Weber’s law) (Gibbon, 1977).

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comment on esd-2022-24

Vb-cyclones propagating from the North-Western Mediterranean Sea (NWMS) into central Europe are often associated with extreme precipitation. This study explores the state and process chain linking the NWMS state and the Vb-cyclone precipitation in the Danube, Elbe, and Odra catchments in regional coupled atmosphere-ocean climate simulations with COSMO-CLM+NEMO. Two high-resolution simulations, an evaluation simulation (1951–2005) downscaling the centennial ERA-20C reanalysis and a continuous simulation (historical 1951–2005 + RCP8.5 future scenario 2006–2099) downscaling the EC-EARTH global climate data set are used for this purpose. The results show a good agreement in mean annual Vb-cyclone frequency between the evaluation (9.7 events/year) and the historical (10.1 events/year) simulations. But, there are significant discrepancies in the seasonal cycle. The mean cyclone intensity measured with minimum central pressure, track density, and precipitation rankings in the three catchments also show good agreement. The simulations for the future period show a basin-average SST warming of ≈ 2.5–3 K by the end of 21st century, but insignificant changes in Vb-cyclone frequency, mean intensity, and precipitation in the selected catchments. The NWMS sea surface temperature, evaporation, and wind speed anomalies corresponding to the Vb-cyclone precipitation rankings differ between the evaluation and historical simulations. In the evaluation simulation, Vb-cyclone precipitation rankings correspond with sea surface temperature, evaporation, and wind speed anomalies, while in the historical and the future simulation no such correspondence is seen. Especially the Adriatic and Ionian basins in the simulation driven by EC-EARTH show no sensitivity to the Vb-cyclone precipitation over the catchments. The change in the processes between evaluation and historical simulations might be due to the emergence of biases inherited from the driving EC-EARTH global simulation. The future simulation shows no significant process changes compared to the historical simulation.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing EMF Exposure in Greek Urban and Suburban Areas During 5G Deployment: A Focus on 5G EMF Levels and Distance Correlation

This study presents an extensive analysis of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in Greek urban and suburban areas during the ongoing deployment of the 5G technology. A total of 400 in situ measurements of electric field strength were conducted at ground level across four distinct regions. The first part of the study provides a statistical analysis of the overall EMF exposure, highlighting the contributions of different cellular generations (2G–5G) to the total field. The results show that 4G networks are the dominant contributors, while the impact of 5G remains limited. The second part investigates the correlation between electric field levels in the 3.5 GHz band and the distance from 5G base stations (BS). Using geospatial analysis, we computed distances to the nearest BS and examined their relationship with measured EMF levels. The findings indicate a general inverse correlation between EMF levels and BS distance, although variations occur due to factors such as line-of-sight conditions and urban built environment characteristics. These results confirm that distance remains a key predictive feature for AI-based EMF exposure models, even in the case of 5G networks.

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Wyner–Ziv Video Coding With Universal Prediction

The coding efficiency of a Wyner-Ziv video codec relies significantly on the quality of side information extracted at the decoder. The construction of efficient side information is difficult thanks in part to the fact that the original video sequence is not available at the decoder. Conventional motion search methods are widely used in the Wyner-Ziv video decoder to extract the side information. This substantially increases the Wyner-Ziv video decoding complexity. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct side estimation based on the idea of universal prediction. This method, referred to as Wyner-Ziv video coding with universal prediction (WZUP), does not perform motion search or assume an underlying model of the original input video sequences at the decoder. Instead, WZUP estimates the side information based on its observations on the past reconstructed video data. We show that WZUP can significantly reduce decoding complexity at the decoder and achieve a fair side estimation performance, thus making it possible to design both the video encoder and the decoder with low computational complexity

Topic: Wireless Communication Security Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An algorithm of hardware unit generation for processor core synthesis with packed SIMD type instructions

The authors consider the synthesis of a processor core with SIMD instructions by a hardware/software cosynthesis system. The system is required to configure functional units executing SIMD instructions and obtain the area and delay of the functional units to evaluate the synthesized processor core. This paper proposes a hardware unit generation algorithm for a hardware/software cosynthesis system of processors with SIMD instructions. Given a set of instructions to be executed by a hardware unit and constraints for area and delay of the hardware unit, the proposed algorithm extracts a set of subfunctions to be required by the hardware unit and generates more than one architecture candidates for the hardware unit. The algorithm also outputs the estimated area and delay of each of the generated hardware units. The execution time of the proposed algorithm is very short and thus it can be easily incorporated into the processor core synthesis system. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic variability of the Japanese eel <i>Anguilla japonica</i> (Temminck &amp; Schlegel) related to latitude

Abstract— Isozyme genotypes of 400 glass eels recruiting to 4 localities along the east Asian coast, stretching from Taiwan to the Yalu River of northeastern China, were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. Geographic cline was found to exist in two loci: NADP‐isocitrate dehygenase‐1 and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Frequencies of the most common allele of these two loci increased from south to north. In the latitudinal range of 25°N to 40°N, the magnitude of difference of IDH100 and PGD100 was 13% and 9% respectively. However, deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium were found to be insignificant in both loci at three of the four localities. The cline was, therefore, unlikely to have resulted from selection. Migration time‐lag from different parts of the continent to the spawning ground in the western Pacific was suggested to be a possible reason for the formation of the cline.

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Can a Dusty Warm Absorber Model Reproduce the Soft X-ray Spectra of MCG−6-30-15 and Mrk 766?

XMM-Newton RGS spectra of MCG−6-30-15 and Mrk 766 exhibit complex discrete structure, which was interpreted in a paper by Branduardi-Raymont et al. (2001) as evidence for the existence of relativistically broadened Lyman alpha emission from carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, produced in the inner-most regions of an accretion disk around a Kerr black hole. This suggestion was subsequently criticized in a paper by Lee et al. (2001), who argued that for MCG−6-30-15, the Chandra HETG spectrum, which is partially overlapping the RGS in spectral coverage, is adequately fit by a dusty warm absorber model, with no relativistic line emission. We present a reanalysis of the original RGS data sets in terms of the Lee et al. (2001) model. Specifically, we show that: (1) The explicit model given by Lee et al. (2001) differs markedly from the RGS data, especially at longer wavelengths, beyond the region sampled by the HETG; (2) Generalizations of the Lee et al. (2001) model, with all parameters left free, do provide qualitatively 1

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Arterial hypertension and aortic remodeling in hyperhomocysteinemic mice are prevented by 3‐Deazaadenosine

Although chronic hyperhomocysteinemia (CHHcy) is associated with arterial hypertension (AHT) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activation, it is unclear if CHHcy-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation plays a role in AHT. We tested the hypothesis that in CHHcy, AHT involves arterial dysfunction in response to ECM accumulation between endothelial and arterial smooth muscle cells and their subsequent uncoupling. In cystathionine β-synthase knockout mice (CBSKO, a CHHcy model) increased plasma Hcy was normalized by dietary supplementation with 3-deazaadenosine (DZA), an S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor. Mice were grouped as follows: Wild type (WT, control, n=3), CBSKO (n=3), and CBSKO+DZA (n=4). Aortic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by radio-telemetry before, during and after DZA treatment (5 wks total). Aortic function and morphology were analyzed by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography in anesthetized mice. Total aortic MMPs activity in cryostat sections was measured by using DQ-gelatin. Expression of aortic MMP-2/MMP-9 and Connexin-43 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. CHHcy caused an increase in aortic blood pressure and resistance; tachycardia; increased thickness and ECM accumulation of aortic wall. In contrast, in CBSKO+DZA group; these variables were changed toward control levels. Increase in MMPs activity/expression and Connexin-43 expression in CBSKO mice was also prevented in CBSKO+DZA group. The results indicate that AHT in CHHcy mice is associated with arterial remodeling and endothelial-smooth muscle cell uncoupling in response to MMPs activation. Supported by NHLBI.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Postoperative intraocular lens tilt from preoperative full crystalline lens geometry using machine learning

In cataract surgery, the opacified crystalline lens is replaced by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), requiring precise preoperative selection of parameters to optimize postoperative visual quality. Three-dimensional customized eye models, which can be constructed using quantitative data from anterior segment optical coherence tomography, provide a robust platform for virtual surgery. These models enable simulations and predictions of the optical outcomes for specific patients and selected IOL. A critical step in building these models is estimating the IOL’s tilt and position preoperatively based on the available preoperative geometrical information (ocular parameters). In this study, we present a machine learning model that, for the first time, incorporates the full shape geometry of the crystalline lens as candidate input features to predict the postoperative IOL tilt. Furthermore, we identify the most relevant features for this prediction task. Our model demonstrates significantly lower estimation errors compared to a simple linear correlation method and a state-of-the art approach that excludes full shape crystalline lens features, reducing the estimation error by approximately 5% compared to the latter. These findings highlight the potential of this approach to enhance the accuracy of postoperative predictions, paving the way to improve visual outcomes in cataract patients.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Crystal field spectra of transition metal ions in minerals

The end products of the analysis (measurement and interpretation of mineral absorption spectra by crystal field theory) are some parameters that can be correlated with structural properties.K. L. Keester & W. B. White, Proc. 5th IMA Meeting (Cambridge, 1966), p. 22 (1968)

Topic: Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risks, Challenges and Value for Money of Public–Private Partnerships

Abstract This study examines the unique issues, challenges and risks emerging at the end of a public‐private partnership (PPP) concession. The M4 motorway is the first Australian PPP that has reached the end of its concession. The absence of formal guidance on contractual closure created challenges for the partners in interpreting contract ambiguities, and in reaching agreement on the processes needed to close the contract. These challenges had posed several relational risks, the mitigations of which were supported by the relational contract partners developed over the concession term, and their reciprocity and ethical motivations. The reintegration risk emerged in the handback exemplifies the limits of controls designed for legitimacy concerns to resolve coordination problems. The political settlement for value for money was gestured by lifting the toll after the concession ended. In providing unparalleled empirical evidence against the long‐term ‘myths’ of PPPs, the study counters the criticism over PPPs’ impossibilities to handle uncertainties and to transfer risk.

Topic: Public-Private Partnership Projects
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Sequence-specific thermal fluctuations identify start sites for DNA transcription

We report results showing that thermally-induced openings of double stranded DNA coincide with the location of functionally relevant sites for transcription. Investigating both viral and bacterial DNA gene promoter segments, we found that the most probable opening occurs at the transcription start site. Minor openings appear to be related to other regulatory sites. Our results suggest that coherent thermal fluctuations play an important role in the initiation of transcription. Essential elements of the dynamics, in addition to sequence specificity, are nonlinearity and entropy, provided by local base-pair constraints.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production of perennial ryegrass cultivars of different maturity types when grown as pure swards and in certain combinations

Abstract A field investigation was carried out over 3 years to determine if there was a synergistic effect on total or seasonal yield when cultivars of perennial ryegrass were grown in combination. The three cultivars used were Stormont Zephyr, Hora and Perma, representing respectively early, medium late and late maturing groups. Each cultivar was grown as a pure stand and also as a 50:50 mixture with each of the other two cultivars. Each of these swards was maintained under two rates of nitrogen fertilization (300 and 600 kg per ha per annum) and under two harvesting treatments (4 and 8 harvests per annum). Mixture yield did not exceed significantly the pure sward yieid of the highest yielding component. Occasional yield improvements were detected for the mixtures averaged as a group over monocultures averaged as a group. There was a tendency, especially under frequent cutting, for the yield response to nitrogen to be greater from mixed than from pure swards.

Topic: Agriculture and Biological Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a Stand to Demonstrate Human Injury by Electric Arc Caused by Puncturing a 10 kV Cable Line

A stand called «A Short-Circuit Fault Caused by Puncturing an Energized 10 kV Cable Line» has been developed, constructed, tested, and put in operation at the Rosseti (Russian Networks) Moscow Region Training Center by specialists of the NRU MPEI Chair for High Voltage Engineering and Electrophysics as part of the R&amp;D work «Carrying out theoretical and experimental investigations and development of stands for demonstrating the danger of being injured by electric shock at a training ground». In developing the stand, the type and parameters of the power supply source, discharge circuit and switching device were selected. A single-phase step-up small-capacity 0,4/10 kV transformer with a diode is used as a power supply source. The discharge circuit consists of capacitive energy storage with a capacitance of 5 mF, an industry-grade reactor with an inductance of 1,8 mH, and a standard (gunpowder) remotely operated puncturing device. When cable line insulation is punctured, an arc short circuit fault occurs between the grounded shield and the cable core to which the energy storage potential is applied. The puncturing device serves as a switching device and the load jointly with the arc resistance. For the selected parameters of the stand elements and the energy storage voltage equal to 4 kV, a decaying oscillatory current pulse with the first half-wave amplitude equal to 7 kA and oscillation frequency of about 50 Hz has been obtained. Withthese pulse parameters, it became possible to obtain tangible, but safe for students, light and sound effects during arc ejection. The stand can be repeatedly used with minor replacement of its individual elements on the territory of the operating substation without the risk of an emergency to occur.

Topic: Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of pineapple waste for single cell protein (SCP) production and the effect of substrate concentration on the yield

Abstract Single cell protein (SCP) is used as a protein supplement in animal feed and protein rich foods for humans. In this study, extracts of pineapple waste were used as substrate for SCP production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. (Baker or brewing yeast). The study also focused on the effect of the pineapple substrate concentration on the yield of SCP. Pineapple waste were collected from food processing companies in Kumasi and processed into pineapple juice extracts. The residual soluble sugars in the extract were measured and the concentration adjusted (40–100% v/v) for various submerged yeast fermentations to produce the SCPs. Initially, the yeast cells were cultured on Yeast Potato Dextrose Agar (YPDA) and then transferred into a Nutrient Broth to generate the activated yeast inoculum for the final fermentation. Pineapple extracts in 2.50 × 10 −4 m 3 conical flasks at various concentrations were each inoculated with 1 mL inoculum. The set‐ups were incubated at 298 K and the yeast cells or colonies counted at 24 hr interval for 5 days. Biochemical analysis of the substrate revealed the following composition: pH of 5.5 and 4.7% (m/v) total soluble sugars. Maximum yield and doubling time/hr of SCPs (3.01 kg/m 3 , 1,108 hr) was observed for the 60% (v/v) pineapple substrate concentration. The 100% (v/v) substrate concentration produced the least SCP yield of 2.5 × 10 −2 kg/m 3 . It is concluded from this study that pineapple waste generated in the food processing industry serves as good substrates for SCP production with high‐potential economic value. Practical applications Single cell proteins are utilized mainly as food supplement for human beings and animals. Several other applications of single cell proteins are available. It is used as a health food to control obesity, and provide instant energy to especially sports men. It is also used in therapeutic and natural medicines to: reduce body weight, cholesterol, stress, lower blood sugar in diabetic patients, promote healthy eyes and skin, and increase lactation. It is further used in the technical field for paper and leather processing, and as foam stabilizer.

Topic: Pineapple and bromelain studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences