jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Comparative assessment of the five-year results of surgical, combined, radiation and chemoradiotherapy in laryngeal cancer (T3N0M0)].

Four modalities of specific treatment for laryngeal cancer were compared in 158 patients. Five-year survival after chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin, 5-FU and bleomycin plus irradiation (65-70 Gy) was 87% versus 69.7; 66.2 and 45.9% after surgical, combined and radiotherapy, respectively. Chemoradiotherapy failed in 22.4%, as compared with 28.9; 31.5 and 41.7% after the alternative modalities, respectively. Organ preservation was used in 30.3% of surgical cases and 58%--in combined treatment group.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Larval transcriptomes reflect the evolutionary history of plant–insect associations

Abstract In this study, we investigated whether patterns of gene expression in larvae feeding on different plants can explain important aspects of the evolution of insect–plant associations, such as phylogenetic conservatism of host use and re-colonization of ancestral hosts that have been lost from the host repertoire. To this end, we performed a phylogenetically informed study comparing the transcriptomes of 4 nymphalid butterfly species in Polygonia and the closely related genus Nymphalis. Larvae were reared on Urtica dioica, Salix spp., and Ribes spp. Plant-specific gene expression was found to be similar across butterfly species, even in the case of host plants that are no longer used by two of the butterfly species. These results suggest that plant-specific transcriptomes can be robust over evolutionary time. We propose that adaptations to particular larval food plants can profitably be understood as an evolved set of modules of co-expressed genes, promoting conservatism in host use and facilitating re-colonization. Moreover, we speculate that the degree of overlap between plant-specific transcriptomes may correlate with the strength of trade-offs between plants as resources and hence to the probability of colonizing hosts and complete host shifts.

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SmartBlock-SDN: An Optimized Blockchain-SDN Framework for Resource Management in IoT

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Blockchain are leading technologies used worldwide to establish safe network communication as well as build secure network infrastructures. They provide a robust and reliable platform to address threats and face challenges such as security, privacy, flexibility, scalability, and confidentiality. Driven by these assumptions, this paper presents an optimized energy-efficient and secure Blockchain-based software-defined IoT framework for smart networks. Indeed, SDN and Blockchain technologies have proven to be able to suitably manage resource utilization and to develop secure network communication across the IoT ecosystem. However, there is a lack of research works that present a comprehensive definition of such a framework that can meet the requirements of the IoT ecosystem (i.e. efficient energy utilization and reduced end-to-end delay). Therefore, in this research, we present a layered hierarchical architecture for the deployment of a distributed yet efficient Blockchain-enabled SDN-IoT framework that ensures efficient cluster-head selection and secure network communication via the identification and isolation of rouge switches. Besides, the Blockchain-enabled flow-rules record keeps track of the rules enforced in the switches and maintains the consistency within the controller cluster. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed framework in a simulation environment and show that it can achieve optimized energy-utilization, end-to-end delay, and throughput compared to considered baselines, thus being able to achieve efficiency and security in the smart network.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mathematics &amp; Science Achievement in Texas Urban Schools: A Multilevel Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

In Texas urban schools, there has been a persistent gap in academic performance in mathematics and science. Discussions about student performance often overlook sociocultural factors contributing to these disparities. This study examines mathematics and science achievement in Texas urban schools using a multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis and the conceptual framework of the opportunity gap. Data from the Texas Education Agency for the 2018-2019 school year was analyzed to examine relationships between student achievement and within- and between-school characteristics. The findings reveal significant disparities in science achievement (i.e., Biology) and mathematics achievement (i.e., Algebra I). Female students outperform males in Algebra I but underperform in Biology. Students eligible for free or reduced lunch (FRL) consistently underperform in both subjects. Course tracking also plays a critical role, with students on accelerated tracks showing higher achievement, while those in off-track courses are more likely to underperform. School-level factors, such as the proportion of FRL-eligible, Black, or Latinx students, further contribute to lower achievement outcomes across mathematics and science. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions, equitable resource allocation, and culturally responsive teaching practices to address persistent achievement gaps in urban education settings.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum IG 80776

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum<br>Common name(s): Wheat<br>Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon<br>Local sample unique identifier: IG 80776<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1979<br>Other identifiers: n/a,ICBW 203765<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Emerging Australian Manufacturing Export Response to Microeconomic Reform

Is removal of tariff protection the key to the growth of manufacturing exports? Existing analyses of microeconomic reform have shown large improvements to mining. We use a less constrained version of the economic model ORANI to show that manufacturing exporters are the major beneficiaries of free trade and adoption of international best practice. A multi-attributable model is used to identify industries with export potential. Benefiting areas include transport, electronic and electrical equipment, construction machinery, chemicals, and iron and steel.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Brief Video-Based Intervention to Improve Digital Health Literacy for Individuals With Bipolar Disorder: Intervention Development and Results of a Single-Arm Quantitative Pilot Study (Preprint)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Smartphone apps can improve access to bipolar disorder (BD) care by delivering elements of effective psychological interventions, thereby promoting quality of life and reducing relapse risk and mood instability in BD. While many people with BD are interested in using publicly available mental health smartphone apps, without guidance, they risk selecting apps that are unsafe or ineffective. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aimed to co-design a brief educational video on identifying appropriate mental health apps and to evaluate the acceptability and impact of this video among individuals with BD. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Individuals with lived experience of BD, including 2 peer researchers and members of 2 advisory groups (n=4 and n=7), were consulted to develop a video with information on selecting safe, effective, and engaging mental health apps for BD. Video acceptability and impact on self-reported digital health literacy (including both general eHealth literacy and more specific mobile health literacy) were evaluated via a web-based survey, including both a validated measure and complementary items developed by the research team. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> In total, 42 individuals with BD completed the evaluation survey (n=29, 69% women, mean age 38.6, SD 12.0 years). Digital health literacy, measured using the self-report eHealth Literacy Scale, significantly improved after viewing the video (pre: mean 32.40, SD 4.87 and post: mean 33.57, SD 4.67; t&lt;sub&gt;41&lt;/sub&gt;=–3.236; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.002; d=–0.50). Feedback supported the acceptability of the video content and format. Self-report items developed by the study team to assess mobile health literacy showed that individuals felt better able to determine which apps would protect their data (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.004) and to ask their health care provider for support in choosing apps (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt;.001) after watching the video. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This study found preliminary evidence that an educational video can help people with BD improve their ability to identify, apply, and evaluate the quality of digital health resources. The video and a supplementary web-based educational module are freely available for implementation in health care settings and have the potential to be a cost-effective and accessible resource for clinicians to support patients with BD to navigate the public app marketplace in support of their self-management goals. </sec>

Topic: Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Histological study of long junctional epithelium. Establishment of an experimental model in dogs and light microscopic findings.

歯・歯周組織の付着機構を明らかにする目的で, 裸出セメント質面に対するlong junctional epithelium LJE) の形成過程を組織学的に検討した。実験には, 雑種成犬の小臼歯部を用いた。LJE形成処置では , (まず歯肉剥離の後, 歯槽骨を削除して裸出させた根面を次亜塩素酸ソーダで処理し, 線維成分を除去した。近遠心いずれか一方の根面にラミニン (1mg/ml, E-Yラボラトリーズ社製) を塗布し (L群), 他方は塗布を行わなかった (N群) 。さらに, 裸出骨面を孔径3μmのポリカーボネートメンブレン (ヌクレポァ社製) で被い, 歯肉弁を復位して縫合し処置後8週時までの光顕標本を作製し, 観察した。その結果, 1. N群の再生JEは, 処置後4週までに根面に比較的長く形成されるが, 8週には短小となる傾向を示した。2. L群の再生JEは, 処置後4週時に裸出根面の約2/3を被っており, 8週に至るも維持されていた。3. 組織学的計測では, L群の再生JEが, N群より長い傾向を示していた。

Topic: Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Algicidal bacteria trigger contrasting responses in model diatom communities of different composition

Abstract Algicidal bacteria are important players regulating the dynamic changes of plankton assemblages. Most studies on these bacteria have focused on the effect on single algal species in simple incubation experiments. Considering the complexity of species assemblages in the natural plankton, such incubations represent an oversimplification and do not allow making further reaching conclusions on ecological interactions. Here, we describe a series of co‐incubation experiments with different level of complexity to elucidate the effect of the algicidal bacterium Kordia algicida on mixed cultures of a resistant and a susceptible diatom. The growth of the resistant diatom Chaetoceros didymus is nearly unaffected by K. algicida in monoculture, while cells of the susceptible diatom Skeletonema costatum are lysed within few hours. Growth of C. didymus is inhibited if mixed cultures of the two diatoms are infected with the bacterium. Incubations with filtrates of the infected cultures show that the effects are chemically mediated. In non‐contact co‐culturing we show that low concentrations of the lysed algae support the growth of C. didymus , while higher concentrations trigger population decline. Complex cascading effects of algicidal bacteria have thus to be taken into account if their ecological role is concerned.

Topic: Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Implementation and Evaluation of an Algorithm for Isolation of Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract Objective: To implement and evaluate an algorithm designed to assist in the consistent placement of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis into negative-pressure isolation rooms (NPIRs). Design: A standard algorithm was designed for the appropriate room placement of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis using clinical, radiographic, and laboratory criteria and reported risk factors. A case-patient was defined as an inpatient who had at least one Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive respiratory specimen from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1994. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, case contact, and isolation and room placement data were collected prospectively on all case-patients. Setting: A 900-bed university teaching and referral center. Results: During 1993 and 1994, 69 patients were evaluated for possible pulmonary tuberculosis, and 31 case-patients were identified. Of the 31 case-patients, 26 (84%) were placed on respiratory isolation in NPIRs, including 19 (61%) who were isolated within 24 hours of admission (1993, 14 of 20 [70%]; 1994, 5 of 11 [45%]). Seven case-patients (23%) were isolated in NPIRs following delays that ranged from 2 to 31 days (median, 9 days), and five case-patients (16%) never were isolated during admissions of from 3 to 28 days (median, 4 days). These 12 case-patients contributed a total of 136 patient-exposure days during their hospitalizations. Misclassification of patient risk status by user error delayed isolation of five (42%) of the 12 improperly isolated case-patients. Conclusions: The use of an algorithm incorporating radiographic, laboratory, and clinical criteria and reported risk factors may assist in the rapid isolation of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Timed Automaton and Petri Net models of Intersection Control

This paper presents the model of intersection controllers using timed automata and colored Petri nets formalisms. The models include cars control, pedestrians control, vehicles detection system and failure diagnosis with subsequent control changes. The validation and verification of the models has been realized in UPPAAL Pro model-checker and CPN Tools. The proposed modeling framework is applied to real intersections located in Bratislava and Malacky, Slovakia.

Topic: Traffic control and management
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulation and implementation of spiral conical radiator

Conical radiators are difficult to analyze and provide exact analytical equations for their parameters such as gain, bandwidth, and input impedance. On the other hand using modern apparatus in conjunction with available software it is easier to actually implement and characterize their performances from the simulation results. This is the approach implied for this article. We have designed and implemented several spiral conical radiators either constructed analytical equations for their parameters or modified the existing equations to describe their behavior. A five turn spiral radiator shows 60deg 3db beam width, with a gain of 5 dB, and an input impedance of 1.2times characteristic impedance of the feed line.

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Understanding health and nutrition perspectives of Native American women eligible to receive commodity foods using social marketing principles

Native Americans experience a disproportionate rate of many chronic diseases as compared to the general United States population. Inadequate formative assessment and lack of attention to cultural relevancy in program planning and development may contribute to health disparities among Native Americans. The aim of the current study was to conduct a formative assessment to identify Native American women's perspectives of health and nutrition using a social marketing approach. Native American women living within the Indian Nation within the specified jurisdictional territory under study and eligible to receive food stamp or commodity food benefits participated in focus group discussions. A semi-structured focus group script was developed using social marketing principles of product, promotion, price and place. The focus group script was reviewed by multiple levels of influence to address face validity. Twelve focus groups were conducted in community locations and discussions were recorded digitally. Verbatim transcripts of digital recordings were developed by the Bureau of Social Research at Oklahoma State University. Trained researchers identified common themes framed using social marketing principles. The major theme identified for health product was diabetes prevention. The experience of diabetes was a cultural norm for this group as participants shared personal, family and peer experiences with the disease. In terms of health promotion, participants indicated a preference for interactive education with an intergenerational focus. The identification of elders as agents of change was common among participants. Participants most frequently identified Indian Nation within specified jurisdictional territory specific locations as preferred sites for program delivery. In general, the price for lack of attention to Native American values when designing health programs is lack of adherence to advice from health professionals. Results from the formative assessment will be used to develop a social marketing campaign specific to Native American families living within the Indian Nation within the specified jurisdictional territory and can be used by extension and health professionals as a guide for planning future research with Native Americans. Findings from the study implicate a need for formative assessment and attention to culture when planning and developing nutrition and health education programs for Native Americans.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Color-aware Deep Temporal Backdrop Duplex Matting System

Deep learning-based alpha matting showed tremendous improvements in recent years, yet, feature film production studios still rely on classical chroma keying including costly post-production steps. This perceived discrepancy can be explained by some missing links necessary for production which are currently not adequately addressed in the alpha matting community, in particular foreground color estimation or color spill compensation. We propose a neural network-based temporal multi-backdrop production system that combines beneficial features from chroma keying and alpha matting. Given two consecutive frames with different background colors, our one-encoder-dual-decoder network predicts foreground colors and alpha values using a patch-based overlap-blend approach. The system is able to handle imprecise backdrops, dynamic cameras, and dynamic foregrounds and has no restrictions on foreground colors. We compare our method to state-of-the-art algorithms using benchmark datasets and a video sequence captured by a demonstrator setup. We verify that a dual backdrop input is superior to the usually applied trimap-based approach. In addition, the proposed studio set is actor friendly, and produces high-quality, temporal consistent alpha and color estimations that include a superior color spill compensation.

Topic: Image Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 266643: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of Metformin Use and Diabetic Status During Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine-Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy on the Outcome of Patients with Resected Colon Cancer: A TOSCA Study Subanalysis

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of colon cancer (CC), whereas metformin use seems to be protective. However, the impact of metformin use on the risk of death or disease recurrence after radical surgery for CC remains uncertain. Materials and Methods This is a substudy conducted in patients with high-risk stage II or stage III CC randomized in the TOSCA trial, which compared 3 versus 6 months of fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin adjuvant chemotherapy. Objective of the study was to investigate the impact of metformin exposure during adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). We also evaluated the impact of T2DM or metformin dosage on clinical outcomes. Results Out of 3,759 patients enrolled in the TOSCA trial, 133 patients with diabetes (9.2%) and 1,319 without diabetes (90.8%) were recruited in this study. After excluding 13 patients with diabetes without information on metformin exposure, 76 patients with T2DM (63.3%) were defined as metformin users and 44 (36.7%) as metformin nonusers. After a median follow-up of 60.4 months, 26 (21.7%) patients relapsed and 16 (13.3%) died. Metformin use was neither associated with OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–4.77; p = .4781) nor with RFS (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.69–3.54; p = .2881). Similarly, we found no association between T2DM or metformin dosage and OS or RFS. Conclusions Metformin use and T2DM did not impact on OS or RFS in patients with resected CC treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Larger studies and longer follow-up are required to clarify the potential efficacy of metformin in improving the prognosis of patients with CC. Implications for Practice The role of the antidiabetic drug metformin in colon cancer prevention and treatment is highly debated. While low-dose metformin reduced the incidence of colorectal adenomas in two prospective studies, its effect in patients with already established colon cancer remains unclear. In this study, the potential impact of metformin on the survival of resected colon cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated in the context of the TOSCA study. We did not find any association between metformin use or dosages and patient survival. Prospective studies are required to draw definitive conclusions about metformin impact on colon cancer recurrence and survival.

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1563972: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences