jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SULFATIDES AND GLYCOLIPIDS IN PLATELETS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Sulfatides are sulfated glycolipids which are negatively charged and thought to influence receptor mediated activities. Sulfatides have the capacity to provide a surface for the initiation of in vitro coagulation tests and these acidic lipids represent the potential biological surface for the initiation of the contact and intrinsic systems in vivo. Several sulfatides have been demonstrated in blood platelets. We have investigated sulfatides and other glycolipids in endothelial cells and platelets in order to define the cellular sources for sulfatides that would be available for influencing hemostasis. Endothelial cells were derived from primary cultures of human umbilical veins and human platelets were obtained from freshly-collected blood. Cellular lipids were extracted by the Folch method. Sulfatides and glycolipids were purified by silicic acid chromatography, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by the assay of sphingosine. Glycolipids were also analyzed by HPLC. Globoside was found to be the predominant glycolipid in endothelial cells while lactosyl ceramide was the predominant glyco-lipid in platelets. Sulfatides were detected by two approaches: 1) Sulfatide synthesis by the incorporation of [35S]-Sulfate; 2) The specific binding of [125I]-thrombospondin and [125I]-von Willebrand’s factor (vWF) to sulfatides separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Several sulfatides were identified in endothelial cells and platelets by virtue of the incorporation of [35S]-sulfate into glycolipids separated by TLC. [125I]-TSP and [125I]-vWF bound to the glycolipids that had incorporated [35S]-sulfate. [35S]-sulfate was primarily incorporated into sulfated galactosyl ceramide but both cells also synthesized complex glycolipids. TSP and vWF were shown to bind to sulfated galactosyl ceramide, a band that comigrated with glycosyl ceramide as well as with two more complex sulfatides in both cells. However, differences in sulfatide synthesis and binding of TSP to sulfatides were observed in endothelial cells from that in platelets. The study indicates that endothelial cells and platelets contain several sulfatides and thus are potential sources for sulfatides for the initiation of coagulation.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Disappointment: or, The Force of Credulity

This is the first integral edition of the earliest known American opera. Barton's ballad opera is a vivacious satirical comedy set in pre-Revolutionary Philadelphia. An overture and musical accompaniments scored for chamber orchestra together with the complete original text of the play and a detailed background essay provide a comprehensive picture of this landmark in American cultural history. Musical accompaniments and an original overture by Samuel Adler.

Topic: Theater, Performance, and Music History
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SWYNT: Swin Y-Net Transformers for Deepfake Detection

Nowadays, less technical individuals can create false videos by only source and target images, using deepfakes generation tools and methodologies. Distributing false information on social media and other concerns related to the deepfakes have thus significantly increased. To deal with the challenges posed by incorrect details, efficient Deepfakes detection algorithms must be developed considering the tremendous advancement in deepfakes generating techniques. Existing techniques are not reliable enough to find deepfakes, especially when the videos are made with various deepfakes generation methods. The Swin Y-Net Transformers (SWYNT) architecture we created in this paper can visually discriminate between natural and artificial faces. The architecture uses a Swin transformer, encoder, and decoder in a U -Net architecture with a classification branch to build a model that can classify and segment deepfakes. The segmentation process creates segmentation masks and helps train the classifier. We have evaluated our suggested method using the extensive, standard, and diverse FaceForensics++ (FF++) and the Celeb-DF dataset. The generalizability evaluation of our process, which is part of the performance evaluation, reveals the model's promising performance in identifying deepfakes videos generated using various methodologies on both large-scale datasets.

Topic: Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fuzzy Logic in Traffic Engineering: A Review on Signal Control

Since 1965 when the fuzzy logic and fuzzy algebra were introduced by Lotfi Zadeh, the fuzzy theory successfully found its applications in the wide range of subject fields. This is mainly due to its ability to process various data, including vague or uncertain data, and provide results that are suitable for the decision making. This paper aims to provide comprehensive overview of literature on fuzzy control systems used for the management of the road traffic flow at road junctions. Several theoretical approaches from basic fuzzy models from the late 1970s to most recent combinations of real-time data with fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithms are mentioned and discussed throughout the paper. In most cases, fuzzy logic controllers provide considerable improvements in the efficiency of traffic junctions’ management.

Topic: Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Skeletons in Hunter’s Closet: James Douglas and the Fashioning of William Hunter

Skeletons in Hunter's Closet: James Douglas and the Fashioning of William HunterNathan FlisWilliam Hunter and the Anatomy of the Modern MuseumIt might be said that William Hunter preserved the remains of his teacher and mentor James Douglas, MD, FRS (1675–1742), a fellow Scot who served as Physician Extraordinary to Queen Caroline. While Douglas's body was interred at the church of St Andrew's, Holborn, the rest of his physical legacy is held mainly among Hunter's collections at the University of Glasgow, which reveal that the protégé kept an astonishing number of the master's possessions: a profusion of papers,The Douglas papers are now part of the Archives and Special Collections at the University of Glasgow Library. They first came to light in 1908, when they were housed in the Blackburn Cabinet at the Hunterian Museum; see John Young and P. H. Aitken, A Catalogue of the MSS in the Library of the Hunterian Museum in the University of Glasgow (Glasgow: MacLehose & Sons, 1908). The papers were subsequently catalogued by K. Bryn Thomas in James Douglas of the Pouch and His Pupil William Hunter (London: Pitman Medical PublishAuthorNathan FlisPublisherYale Center for British ArtCopyright© 2018 Yale UniversityRelated print edition pages: pp.49-71 https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00250.003 Stable URL: https://www.aaeportal.com/?id=-21201Copy Chapter subject tags:Hunter, William, 1718-1784Douglas, James, 1675-1742ApprenticesHuman anatomyZoology

Topic: Fashion and Cultural Textiles
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The influence of temperature and frequency of stimulation on the impairment of excitability of frog skeletal muscle by local anesthetics and alkyl amphipathic agents

The potency of various types of alkyl amphipathic (cationic, anionic, and neutral) as well as tertiary amine local anesthetics in impairing the excitability of frog skeletal muscle was markedly enhanced by an increase in temperature from 20 to 30 °C. Enhancement of the local anesthetic effects of all types of agents was also produced by a decrease in temperature to 5 °C, but this effect was found to be frequency dependent. With abrupt increase or decrease in temperature, changes in excitability were rapid and unlikely to be the result of changes in the partition of the apolar portions of these molecules into the hydrophobic regions of the sarcolemma. These results are interpreted as indicating that both the presence of local anesthetics and alterations in temperature can influence the rates of potential-dependent changes in the conformation of membrane proteins that control the permeability of excitable sodium channels, possibly by modifying the fluidity of specific portions of their hydrophobic components or their immediate lipid environment. The accumulation of inactivation as the result of incomplete recovery from the effects of preceding depolarizations appears sufficient to explain the frequency-dependent effects produced by these agents.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Inflation and Structural Change in the Euro-Dollar Market

Several people, including the Swiss Banking Corporation,2 have in recent times undertaken the task of inquiring whether the Euro-dollar market contributes to world inflation. This activity, of course, presupposes that the theoretical and empirical problem of whether an expansion of the money supply leads to inflation has already been solved, in the sense of establishing a positive correlation between increases in the money supply and price increases, and of knowing the direction and the parameters of that correlation. Granted that this correlation has been found theoretically, the problem then becomes ones of proving it empirically, and that involves deciding what particular magnitude must be defined as the 'world price level'. After this practical problem has been satisfactorily coped with, it is necessary to consider whether Euro-dollar deposits can be called 'money' and, if that much can be said about them, it must be decided what is the relevant aggregate of deposits that must be called 'Euro-dollar deposits'. When that is done, the remaining part of the job is to prove that Euro-dollar deposits contribute to world inflation. Finally, it is relevant to establish whether Euro-dollar deposits contribute significantly to world inflation.

Topic: European Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Internet jako źródło danych epidemiologicznych

Monitoring the incidence rate is a part of epidemiology. State services are required to collect and publicize information about morbidity. Using the Internet makes this information easier to reach by the Internet users. In addition, there are many informal online sources that enrich official pieces of information. The article presents the subject of the health maps, which complement the epidemiological data on the Internet.

Topic: Social Issues in Poland
Subfield: General Social Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antimicrobial Gene Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Escherichia coli from Human Clinical Isolates in North India

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an extensive public health problem due to the rapid increase in the population of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Escherichia coli, a common bacterial pathogen, has demonstrated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through the formation of beta- lactamase enzymes. Understanding the genetic diversity and co-carriages of β-lactamase genes in E. coli is essential for developing effective strategies to combat AMR. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of beta-lactamase E. coli isolates collected from clinical in the northern Indian region. To find and categorize beta-lactamase genes, 210 E. coli isolates were submitted for phenotypic and genotypic investigation. Different beta-lactamase gene variations were detected using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were further characterized on the basis of antimicrobial gene profile. The present study findings revealed a diverse range of beta-lactamase gene variants in the E. coli isolates, including SHV, TEM, and CTX-M types. Importantly, we seen a greatexistence of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL)-making the strains of E. coli, indicating the growing concern of ESBL-mediated resistance in the region.Antimicrobial gene profile revealed tetA present in 53.22% of isolates whereas tetBis present in 32.24% isolates Similarly Sul1 and Sul2 is present in 8.1% and 16.52% respectively.None of the isolates showed the presence of Dfrlaand AadA genes. This research provides valuable awareness of the molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase gene variants in E. coli in the northern Indian part, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the genetic diversity and mechanisms of resistance is crucial for the development of effective antibiotic stewardship programs and the design of novel therapeutic approaches to combat AMR in this region.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Riverwind the Plainsman

The first volume in a new trilogy featuring three more Dragonlance characters before their fated reunion in the Chronicles Trilogy. To prove himself worthy of Goldmoon, Riverwind is sent on an impossible quest by the elders of the Que-Shu tribe: to find evidence of the true gods.

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Phyllanthus niruri

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the potential Phyllanthus niruri extracts in promotion of hair growth. Materials and Methods: Here, we studied the hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether extract of P. niruri following its topical administration. Alopecia was induced in albino rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone for 21 days. Evaluation of hair loss inhibition was done by concurrent administration of extract and monitoring parameters like follicular density, anagen/telogen (A/T) ratio and histological observation of animal skin sections. Finasteride solution was applied topically as standard. In vitro experiments were also performed to study the effect of extract on the activity of 5α-reductase enzyme Results: Groups treated with petroleum ether extract of plant showed hair re-growth as reflected by follicular density, A/T ratio and skin sections. Histopathology and morphologic observations of hair re-growth at shaved sites showed active follicular proliferation. In vitro experiments results showed inhibitory activity of petroleum ether extract on type-2 5α-reductase enzyme and an increase in the amount of testosterone with increasing concentrations. Conclusion: It could be concluded that petroleum ether extracts of P. niruri might be useful in the treatment of testosterone-induced alopecia in the experimental animal by inhibiting 5α-reductase enzyme.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Relevance of abdominal fluid for the assessment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt function in children

Objectives: Shunt failure often is difficult to evaluate. The assessment is based on clinical and radiographic parameters. In regular shunt function abdominal fluid usually can be shown by ultrasound examinations. The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of ultrasound examination of the abdomen to establish ventriculoperitoneal shunt functions.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Die Selektion auf Wurfgröße beim Schwein

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Selection for litter size in swine The present paper deals with the estimation of genetic parameter for litter size of two purebred lines 03 and 04 in order to choose the optimal model for variance component estimation. Data from nucleus and multiplier farms from 1989 to 1997 of a North-German breeding Company were observed. 9,957 litter records from 3,423 sows of line 03 and 5,045 litter records from 2,009 sows of line 04 were collected. The 404 sires of line 03 had an average of 8.5 daughters and the 285 sires of line 04 had an average of 7,0 daughters. Litter size were different between both lines, 9.6 (3.2) and 10.1 (3.4) for line 03 and 04, respectively. Genetic correlations between litters of parity 1, 2 and 3 were rg &gt; 0,81 on high level. Also, in bivariate analysis high correlations rg &gt; 0,88 were estimated for both lines. This model takes the matemal effect for the first parity and the permanent environment in subsequent parities into account. Due to the results a repeatability model may be appropiate for breeding values of litter size. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction showed different heritabilities between farms. Genetic corrlation was on moderate level (rg = 0,61) between two farms for line 04, other estimates ranged between rg = 0,73 and 0,97.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
“The professional side of it”: exploring discomfort in delivering RSE in an Independent Boarding School in England

Teachers in Lady Agatha's Boarding School (Lady Agatha's) find teaching Sex and Relationships Education (RSE) uncomfortable. This paper investigates one aspect of the discomfort that they feel, namely the impact RSE has on their professional status as teachers. I use focus group data to reflect on the professional and personal location of teachers at Lady Agatha's and to explore their understanding of RSE through the recurring themes of professionalism and professional reputation as symbolic capital; deprofessionalisation and risk as symbolic violence; and the connects and disconnects between the doxa and illusio of the school. Findings suggest that by interrogating the sites of symbolic violence which generate RSE discomfort, we can start to unpick the fabric which creates discomfort about RSE, allowing both for a deeper understanding of RSE discomfort in teachers and an opportunity to address this discomfort as a barrier to RSE delivery at Lady Agatha's.

Topic: Gender, Feminism, and Media
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Organizational stressors and basic psychological needs: The mediating role of athletes' appraisal mechanisms

This article reports the first study to quantitatively examine the relationships between the demands encountered by athletes that are associated with the organization within which they are operating, cognitive appraisals, and basic psychological need experiences. Three hundred and fifteen high‐level British athletes completed a multisection questionnaire which assessed each of the aforementioned constructs. A series of path analyses provided valuable insight into the way in which the three dimensions (ie, frequency, intensity, and duration) of five organizational stressor categories were evaluated by athletes and, in turn, how such threat or challenge appraisals predicted feelings of need satisfaction and need frustration. Moreover, cognitive stress appraisals were found to mediate the relationship between organizational stressors and psychological need experiences. The role of secondary control appraisals was also explored and found to mediate the relationship between primary cognitive appraisals and basic psychological need experiences. Study limitations, proposed future research directions, and the implications of the findings for applied practitioners are discussed.

Topic: Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Solar and Thermal Radiation Measurements to 32 km at Low Solar Elevations

The instrumentation and flight results of a balloonborne package of radiometers which measure the upward and downward fluxes of both shortwave and longwave atmospheric radiation are described. Ten flights wore conducted at Mildura and at Longreach, Australia. In most cases the balloon was launched just prior to dawn so that ascent data were obtained covering the period of sunrise, and float data (at altitudes between 21.5 and 31.5 km) were obtained covering the range of solar elevations from 4° to 45°. Composite experimental curves of the clear-sky planetary albedo, net radiation balance, and upward long-wave flux at the top of the atmosphere are presented as functions of solar elevation; the results from which these curves are constructed are remarkably consistent from one time and place to another, and can be regarded as representative for most of continental Australia. Angular intensity distributions of the short-wave radiation emerging from the top of the clear atmosphere are derived from all-Sky color photographs taken simultaneously with the flux measurements. The effect of atmospheric dust is very apparent at low sun elevations, and the derived Mie scatter polar diagram has a beam width of 48° An approximate calculation is used to show, however, that the effect of the dust on the upward shortwave flux is negligible except when the sun is close to the horizon when the increase may he of the order of 1.5%. Longwave and shortwave transmissivities of 0,23 and 0.7, respectively, are obtained for a cirrostratus cloud (visually 5/8 cover) from a flight through and above a typical deck. The reduction in out-going longwave radiation caused by this cirrus was 6 mW cm−2, twice the reduction observed on a flight over 8/8 cover of uniform altocumulus.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
STRATEGIES FOR APPROPRIATE USE OF ALBUMIN PRODUCTS AND THEIR EFFICACY (2ND REPORT)

当院では2005年度からアルブミン製剤使用適正化対策を開始し2008年度までに一定の成果を挙げた．2009年度以降，従来の対策に加え①高張製剤の濃度変更，②等張製剤投与の適正性評価，③投与目的のカルテ記載の推進を実施し，その効果及び高張製剤濃度変更前後1年間の使用状況，患者転帰について検証した．2008年度に比し2011年度までにA/Rは1.72から1.17へ，高張製剤適正使用率は83％から93％へ改善，総アルブミン製剤使用量は12,213gから6,818gへ半減した．特に25％製剤から20％製剤への変更以降，高張製剤投与率が半減し同製剤投与量は約70％削減されたが，投与患者の転帰に差は見られなかった．適正使用に対する意識の向上を主眼に等張製剤に対する対策を追加し総合的対策を行った結果，使用量は更に削減した．特に医師への直接提言の機会が増したことにより医師の意識が一層向上し真に適応のある患者への投与へシフトした可能性があり，投与率の減少及び適正使用率の上昇に繋がったと推測された．20％製剤への変更は患者転帰に影響を及ぼさず，総アルブミン量の抑制に効果的であると考えられた．

Topic: Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction: a two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment].

To assess the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in diagnosing ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction, we studied the 2DE findings and the clinical pictures of seven consecutive patients with ventricular free wall rupture confirmed at the time of surgery or autopsy. Three patients had acute rupture; four, subacute rupture. All patients apparently had circulatory collapse despite continuing electrical activity at the onset of cardiac rupture. Four patients with subacute rupture recovered. In all patients, mild pericardial effusion was imaged by 2DE; however, this was not characteristic for cardiac rupture. In the patients with acute rupture, active left ventricular contractions were not observed after each QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. However, weak mitral valve motion was recorded at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interesting and constant finding in acute rupture was the right ventricular collapse observed throughout the cardiac cycle. Diastolic right ventricular collapse was consistently observed in patients with subacute rupture, immediately after recovery from cardiogenic shock. Subacute cardiac rupture is a potentially curable lesion, and the clinical features and quick 2DE confirmation of cardiac tamponade allowed immediate surgery which saved two of the four patients.

Topic: Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences