jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Auditory selective attention is enhanced by a task-irrelevant temporally coherent visual stimulus in human listeners

In noisy settings, listening is aided by correlated dynamic visual cues gleaned from a talker's face—an improvement often attributed to visually reinforced linguistic information. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of audio–visual temporal coherence alone on selective listening, free of linguistic confounds. We presented listeners with competing auditory streams whose amplitude varied independently and a visual stimulus with varying radius, while manipulating the cross-modal temporal relationships. Performance improved when the auditory target's timecourse matched that of the visual stimulus. The fact that the coherence was between task-irrelevant stimulus features suggests that the observed improvement stemmed from the integration of auditory and visual streams into cross-modal objects, enabling listeners to better attend the target. These findings suggest that in everyday conditions, where listeners can often see the source of a sound, temporal cues provided by vision can help listeners to select one sound source from a mixture.

Topic: Multisensory perception and integration
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Who Wants to Learn More Science? The Role of Elementary School Science Experiences and Science Self-Perceptions

Background/Context Much science education reform has been directed at middle and high school students; however, earlier experiences in elementary school may well have an important impact on young people's future science literacy and preparation for possible STEM careers. Purpose/Objective This study explores the relationships among fifth-graders’ perceived learning opportunities in school science, their perceptions of self in science, and their desire to take more science courses in middle and high school. Research Design To directly address concerns about the reproducibility of results of small educational studies, this study explores whether results from one sample are replicated in a second, different sample. The fifth-grade students from two different samples of public elementary students in California (Sample 1: n = 363; Sample 2: n = 327) completed surveys about students’ perceived school science experiences, sense of themselves as science learners, and aspirations to learn more science in the future. The analyses of both samples included regression analyses to explore the relationship between science self-perceptions and wanting to take future science classes, as well as whether students’ perceived opportunities to participate in science activities might influence the relationship between self-perceptions and wanting to take more science in the future. Findings/Results There were positive and significant relationships between both school science learning opportunities and wanting to take more science courses, and science self-perceptions and wanting to take more science courses. Analyses indicate that both factors need to be considered when predicting who is eager to learn more science. These findings were consistent across both samples and were robust even after including student-level and school-level and controlling for the nested structure of the data. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings highlight the importance of fifth-graders’ self-perceptions in understanding the effects of science learning opportunities on their desire to learn more science. Thus, school science opportunities may be necessary but not sufficient for increasing student interest in learning more science. Since teachers have influence on both learning activities and a student's sense of self as a science learner, the results underscore the importance of preparing elementary teachers to foster student desire to learn more science in the future.

Topic: Science Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Designing market-based instruments for biodiversity conservation: learning with the Australian experience and evaluating Portugal's potential

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gestão de Sistemas Ambientais

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Quantum Genetic Optimization of Spindle Speed Ratio in Numerical Control Lathe with Automatic Transmission

Determination of spindle rotate speed of lathe is an important issue when machine tools with changeable spindle gear ratio cutting metal parts, especially in heavy load cutting. Genetic optimization is used to automate design in engineering application for minimizing volume or weight. A quantum genetic optimization method was applied to calculate rotate speed and ratio of spindle transmission for gain maximum motor efficiency in numerical control lathe. Quantum bit code way was applied to simplify calculation and improve compatibility. Rotate angle strategy gate were introduced to Quantum gate for realizing evolution operation. The results were compared with a trial and error procedure usually applied. Quantum genetic arithmetic produced quite well results promptly supplying economic cutting parameters of numerical control (NC) lathe.

Topic: Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Continuously Coupling Timber-Lightweight EPS Concrete Composite System

&lt;p&gt;A composite system based on concrete and timber represents a very successful engineering solution in the process of optimization of construction. Nowadays, by combining different timber products and concrete classes it is easy to achieve improved engineering features for elements in different static systems or load cases. This paper presents an overview of the research initiated by solving the problem of the actual load-bearing capacity of the already built composite timber-EPS systems which based their calculation on the theory of coupling timber with normal concrete. The research was taken at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, the University of Zagreb to define the behavior of timber-Extruded Polystyrene (EPS) lightweight concrete composite system for two different connecting methods, with discrete and continuously distributed connectors. Dowels are used as discrete connectors and vertically positioned steel sheet in combination with built-in reinforcing mesh was used as a continuous connector with significantly proven advantages compared to the discrete dowel type in the case of reverse cycling loads. Shear tests, as well as full-test of the continuous connector, showed the full-composite behavior of the composite system up to the two-third of failure force which also indicates a possible application of the system at the bridge structures as well. Numerical analysis was performed. Numerical models and laboratory measurements show good matching so the model can be taken as a base for further system optimization and design calculations. Critical review and recommendations for further improvement of this coupling method are presented.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Wood Treatment and Properties
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Image processing of dark-field electron micrographs

In the conventional transmission microscope, dark-field image contrast and resolution can be enhanced, when a central beam-stop aperture is used, by eliminating the contribution of the inelastic scattering to image formation. The elastic image is a sharp function of defocus over a limited range, while the inelastic image does not change appreciably with an amount of defocus that would effectively remove the sharp elastic image. It is demonstrated that subtraction analysis by optical or computer techniques using two dark-field micrographs at different focus values will substantially reduce the inelastic contribution to the image. Results for uranyl-stained SV40-DNA are presented.

Topic: Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Structural Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Aging Behavior of Polyurethane-based Ureteral Catheters

Ureteral catheters, commonly known as double j stents according to their specific shape, are largely used worldwide with good results to assure proper renal drainage and to overpass ureteral obstacles successfully. This study deals with the aging behavior of polyurethane-based urinary catheters, explanted at different time intervals: 22 days, 29 days, three months, and eight months respectively. TGA (Thermogravimetric analyses) tests showed significant differences in the thermal behavior of polyurethane-based material, especially at eight months, where a higher thermostability was noticed. Also, the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) curves presented different shapes for the samples of polyurethane-based urinary catheters after three months and eight months. FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry) spectra gave a detailed picture of the chemical trans-formation which has occurred within the material at eight months. All the analyses gave an overview of the aging process of polyurethane-based urinary catheters and showed insights into the chemical/ physical transformations that the polymeric material suffers from prolonged usage.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On Some bounded Operators and their characterizations in Г-Hilbert Space

Some bounded operators are part of this paper.Through this paper we shall obtain common properties of Some bounded operators in Г-Hilbert space. Also, introduced 2-self-adjoint operators and it’s spectrum in Г-Hilbert Space. Characterizations of these operators are also part of this literature.

Topic: Holomorphic and Operator Theory
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and Cross-Coupling of Sulfonamidomethyltrifluoroborates

Sulfonamidomethyltrifluoroborates were successfully synthesized and cross-coupled with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, allowing the construction of a sulfonamidomethyl aryl linkage through a new disconnection, thus offering a new way to access such structurally interesting motifs.

Topic: Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correlation analysis of balance and postural stability as a risk for falls in individuals with visual impairment

Vision is critical for human balance. Visual impairment (VI) decreases the ability of individuals to maintain balance and greatly impacts the activities of daily living. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess balance in individuals with VI using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale regarding its correlation with fall risk. A total of 88 participants were eligible for this study. We administered pre-tested questionnaires for demographic conditions and history of falls after recruiting participants; following that, BBS and ABC Scale tests were conducted for the participants. A t -test was used to determine statistically significant differences between the means in the fall and non-fall groups. A Pearson bivariate correlation test and linear regression were used to determine the existence of relationships between BBS and ABC variables. In all, 51 participants in this study had experienced falls within 1 year (fall group), while 37 participants had falls over the past 1 year (non-fall group). The fall group had a lower mean of BBS (49) and ABC (69) scores than the non-fall group; also, there was a significant correlation between the BBS and ABC Scales ( p &lt; .05). The type of VI and sex also had significant differences in the risk of falls. These findings suggest that individuals with VIs should raise their awareness about improving aspects of balance in the body with specific exercise and training to minimize the risk of falls.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of Model Predictive Control and PID Controller in Real Time Process Control System

This paper aims to develop to investigate, analyze and compare the Model predictive control (MPC) with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy in controlling an industrial water level systems. An advanced control method, MPC has been widely used and in a wide variety of applications in process control systems, it utilizes an explicit process model to predict the future response of a process and solve an optimal control problem with a finite horizon at each sampling instant. In this paper, Firstly a closed-loop -tank water level system using the Mobile Level process station model 3503 which is built by Lab-Volt (Canada) has been implemented on line in real time mode using the MATLAB environment. Next, linearized the system for simplification in the analysis. Then, a very flexible interface, smart data acquisition card is developed based on Arduino atmega328p microcontroller system which could be used with a very little effort and will be suitable for any similar process. Both MPC and PID control methods have been tried for Level process station, and compared the results in terms of overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error under various operational conditions including time delays, also compared the reaction of the MPC and PID Controllers to the disturbance. The results shows the advantage of MPC for dealing with the system dynamics over PID, also could be designed for faster and more complex system dynamics even in presence of constraints.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Ketac Molar, Fuji IX and Equia Forte

Glass Ionomers have been shown to be a very useful adjunct to restorative dentistry due to their properties such as; biocompatibility with body's hard tissue, long-term fluoride release, low thermal expansion coefficient, good adhesion to moist enamel and dentin without requiring an intermediate agent and low cytotoxicity. Compressive stress results when the body is subjected to two sets of forces in the same straight line but directed toward each other and it is an important property to be considered while choosing a restorative material. FUJI IX and Ketac Molar are two conventional packable high strength glass ionomer cements used to restore teeth in high stress bearing areas. Equia Forte which is a relatively new glass ionomer cement which can be used to restore teeth in high stress bearing areas. It containins ultrafine glass particles and a higher molecular weight Polyacrylic acid. the purpose of the study undertaken was to evaluate and compare the compressive strength of FUJI IX, Ketac Molar and EQUIA FORTE.

Topic: Dental materials and restorations
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Co-creating an educational space

In this paper I generate my living educational theory as an explanation of my educational influences in learning as I research my tutoring with practitioner researchers from a variety of workplace backgrounds. I will show how I have closely inter-related the teaching learning and research processes by providing opportunities for participants to accept responsibility for their own learning and to develop their capacity as learners and researchers. My PhD enquiry ‘How am I creating a pedagogy of the unique through a web of betweenness?’ (Farren, 2006) was integral to the development of my own practice as higher education educator. I clarified the meaning of my embodied values in the course of their emergence in practice. I try to provide an educational space where individuals can create knowledge in collaboration with others. I believe dialogue is fundamental to the learning process. It is a way of opening up to questions and assumptions rather than accepting ready-made solutions. The originality of the contribution is in the constellation of values and understandings I use as explanatory principles in my explanations of educational influence. This constellation includes the unusual combination of an educational response to the flow of energy and meaning in Celtic spirituality and the educational opportunities for learning opened up by digital technology.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Ethanol concentrations in multi-site sampling blood in forensic autopsy cases--a retrospective analysis over a period of six years (1994-1999) in Kumamoto University].

Ethanol and n-propanol concentrations in forensic autopsy cases determined in Department of Forensic Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine were reviewed retrospectively. Out of 388 autopsies in 6 years (1994-1999), ethanol was positive in 88 (22.7%) cases. Higher positive rates were observed in bleeding and burning cases compared to other cases. Histograms of the blood ethanol concentrations in all ethanol positive cases had two peaks at 0.1 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml and 1.5 mg/ml to 2.0 mg/ml ranges, which indicated that not only an intermediate but also a weak drunkenness level could be a risk factor of being involved in forensic fatalities. There were no differences in mean ethanol concentrations in the blood samples of the right, left and whole heart blood collected from each victim. The femoral blood, however, was slightly higher than those of heart blood. N-Propanol, an indicator for postmortem ethanol production, was detected in 14.7% of stomach contents samples as early as 6 to 12 hours of post mortem intervals, whereas it was not remarkable in urine and femoral vein blood.

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Continuous Flow-Measurement During Reconstruction of the Carotid Artery

An extravascular bypass shunt with a built-in probe for flow measurement, which permits a continuous measurement, was tested on 11 patients. In most of these cases an adequate flow could be matintained. These patients are included in a material comprising 68 patients. Very careful studies of the haemodynamic have been made in 48 cases with an electro-magnetic flow-measurer and with pressure-measurements. The result of these measurements is under discussion.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mourning, the War, and the “New Mysticism” in May Sinclair and Virginia Woolf

A compact woman stands gazing at the fire in the drawing-room grate, a fixed expression on her face. Her dark brown hair tightly plaited in a coronet gives her a regal composure, although she stands barely five feet tall. In her black dress, she might be mourning, but the hazy room, filled mostly with earnest young pipe-smoking men, indiscriminately dressed, belies this. They speak in intense, yet inaudible voices that ebb and flow around her. Here and there a peacock woman struts among them. One of these bears down on the prim woman, a tall, beaky-featured Amazon with a mass of copper-colored hair, Lady Ottoline Morrell. Her white shawl with great scarlet flowers on it flows behind her. In tow she has a slim young woman, hair swept back above her ears to an untidy bun, dark shadows around her melancholy eyes. Round shouldered, she is faun-like and furtive. The gargantuan woman plunges into conversation, gushing that the compact woman, May Sinclair (Illustration 5.1), has recently published, not one but two novels, both about men's disrespectful treatment of women. Miss Sinclair's steely dark brown eyes note the faun's eyes widen in fear and admiration, quickly overlaid with, what is it, anxiety, or perhaps jealousy? Prompted by the gargantuan, the young woman, whose name is Virginia Stephen, apologetically says that she has been reviewing for the Cornhill Magazine, a name which makes Miss Sinclair's eyebrows rise, but that she is not sure about writing.

Topic: Short Stories in Global Literature
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD PHA #50716.1

Radial profiles of X-ray spectrum are obtained using an assembly of X-ray pulse height analyzer in LHD. Si(Li) semiconductor detectors are used with a histogramming memory and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) basically working at high counting rate up to 500 kcps.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Studies on Schistosomiasis in Taiz Province, Yemen Arab Republic

Infection with both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent with patchy distribution in Taiz Province, southwest Yemen Arab Republic. Schistosoma haematobium with a prevalence as high as 90% was found in the western, southern, and northern parts of the province. Among school children the overall prevalence was 37%. Infection rates did not differ significantly among various age and sex groups. Three species of Bulinus--B. beccarii, B. truncatus, and B. wrighti--have been found in the province, B. beccarii having the widest distribution and highest density. S. mansoni was found in most parts of the province. A 100% prevalence was found in some schools. The overall prevalence was 64% among school children and 68% among inhabitants of villages surveyed. Highest prevalence was found in the age group 10-20 years. Hepatosplenomegaly was prevalent among children in highly endemic areas. Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of S. mansoni, was found in most valleys.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abscisic acid and assimilate partitioning to developing seeds. II. Does abscisic acid influence the sink strength of Arabidopsis seeds?

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the regulation of transport of assimilates to seeds was investigated with the aid of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that were ABA‐deficient and/or insensitive to ABA. Subsequent flowers of mutant mother plants were alternately pollinated with pollen from either wild‐type or mutant plants, and the transport of radiolabelled photoassimilates to the genetically different seeds was studied. The experiments were performed under conditions of reduced availability of source material, achieved either by reduced light quantity or by combining the ABA‐deficient mutant with a starchless mutant. No effect of the genotype on the import rate of assimilates was detected, indicating that endogenous ABA does not influence the sink strength of Arabidopsis seeds. Reports describing contrary results are discussed.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences