jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome of Fibrous Dysplasia: Reconstruction With Dysplastic Bone -Case Report-

A 10-year-old girl presented with facial asymmetry associated with bulging of the right fronto-orbital region with no symptoms. Computed tomography demonstrated enlargement of the right zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. Abnormal proliferation of the bone had obliterated the sphenoid, right frontal sinus, and right ethmoid sinuses. These radiological findings suggested right optic nerve compression due to fibrous dysplasia. Right optic canal decompression was performed. In preparation for recurrence, the resulting bone defect in the right orbital roof was reconstructed using the outer table of the split lesion bone. The removed frontal bone was divided into intact and lesioned parts, and the intact part was returned. The lesioned part was split and the outer table graft used to reconstruct the frontal region. A temporal musculopericranial flap was used to form a barrier between the opened ethmoid sinus and cranial cavity. A protrusion appeared on the left forehead 10 years later, and was shaved to improve the aesthetic appearance. The patient was followed up for a total of 23 years. The use of dysplastic bone involves the risk of recurrence, but the period of recurrence is delayed and the progression stops after adolescence, so the second operation involved only shaving for aesthetic appearance. This procedure is one of the treatments of choice because of easy reconstruction, easy revision, and good results.

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using Linked Administrative Health and Family Court Data to Evaluate Maternal Mental Health-Related Risk Factors for Repeated Child Removals

IntroductionEvidence suggests that many women whose children enter care via family court proceedings (care proceedings) in England experience mental health and substance misuse problems. Further, an estimated 22% of women will return to court within 5 years for subsequent proceedings, often returning quickly with a new infant and with little time to address underlying health-related problems. With growing pressures on England’s family justice system and the wider children’s social care sector, there is a need to identify opportunities to engage with women in a healthcare setting to reduce the likelihood of (recurrent) care proceedings.&#x0D; Objectives and ApproachWe used linked family court and mental health service data (n = 2843) for mothers who were referred to mental health services and were involved in care proceedings in South London between 2007 and 2019. We (1) describe differences in the frequency, type and timing of mental health and addictions service use between mothers who return to court and those who do not and (2) evaluate risk/protective factors for returning to court.&#x0D; ResultsAfter resolving duplicate matches (n = 2808), 1028 women (36.6%) referred to mental health services over the study period subsequently returned to court. We will describe differences in characteristics of service use and care proceedings between women who return to court and those that do not. We will also explore a range of potential risk/protective factors for returning to court, including maternal age at first child, indicators for failure to engage with services, mental disorder type, substance misuse, and maternal neighbourhood deprivation status.&#x0D; Conclusion / ImplicationsBetter understanding of how women use mental health and addictions services before, during and after proceedings, and identification of key risk/protective factors for returning to court, would inform strategies to reduce recurrent involvement in care proceedings among this population group.

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Ram Load Simulation of Wing Skin-Spar Joints: New Rate-dependent Cohesive Model

Abstract : A new rate-dependent cohesive zone model for use in impact and/or hydrodynamic ram delamination problems is presented. The traction based model includes a damage-dependent term and two cohesive zone viscosity parameters. The first viscosity parameter adjusts the yield traction of the material, while the second parameter adjusts the peak or maximum traction. This new rate-dependent cohesive model is implemented in Ls-DYNA (971 beta revision 5397), an explicit time integration FEA code, by defining a user cohesive material model. It may be used with shell or brick elements. Previously published Double cantilever beam (DCB) experiments of epoxy and PEEK/carbon-fiber composites are modeled in order to validate the rate-dependent cohesive model. Also, in order to provide a methodology to obtain data to determine material constants for this rate-dependent cohesive zone model, a simple inexpensive experimental apparatus for high rate DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) sample testing was developed.

Topic: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research on alternative and non-traditional education

Teacher educators face many challenges such as preparing high quality teachers, maintaining up-to-date research based information for programs, and recruiting high quality individuals. In an attempt to meet the challenge of preparing a significant number of teaching candidates, many alternative routes to teacher certification have appeared across the country. The Thirteenth Annual Yearbook of the Association of Teacher Educators provides a collection of well-researched chapters on alternative and non-traditional approaches to teacher preparation. Editors Julie Dangel and Edith Guyton provide three sections to frame the dialogue: successes and challenges, effects of models, and non-traditional models of professional development. This yearbook provides: * A cross-case description and analysis of a five site program ranging from small town to highly urban * A description of four distinctly different routes to certification that were developed to recruit diverse and non-traditional individuals into teaching * A summary of findings of an alternative certification program that career changers either performed well below or exceeded expectations * A comparison study of regularly certified first-year teachers with Teach for America first-year and second-year teachers * Information on a longitudinal study of 1,702 novice teachers * A summary of a unique approach to offering professional development opportunities to meet the academic and personal needs of teachers of English language learners * Several barriers to coaching practice, lack of time, teacher resistance to change, lack of trust, and inconsistencies in definition of the coaching role. * Details on how online events can be useful and usable by a broad population of teachers. For teachers and teacher educators.

Topic: Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ratings of Sign Translucency &amp; Gloss Concreteness of Two Grammatical Classes of Signs

Three hundred eighty sign/glosses of two grammatical word classes were rated for sign translucency and were compared to referent ratings made earlier on concreteness. The ratings revealed that verbs were rated significantly more translucent than nouns but less concrete than nouns. In terms of differences in concreteness and translucency within sign/glosses, verbs tended to be rated similarly for both variables, while individual nouns were rated higher in concreteness. Analysis of the rating categories for nouns and verbs indicated that the lower the rated translucency level of nouns and verbs, the greater the probability of differences between translucency and concreteness ratings. For levels of concreteness, differences in ratings between concreteness and translucency were greater for high concrete and low concrete words than for words of intermediate concreteness. Implications for teaching of signing to language-impaired individuals are discussed.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Visualization tool for teaching and learning Artificial Neural Networks

In this article, we describe a visualization tool for teaching and learning the basics of artificial neural networks with a user interface and a mobile robot. The participants are given a brief introduction to artificial neural networks and are introduced to the visualization tool. Participants had different educational backgrounds including Computer Science, Information Technology, Language and Translation, Law and Psychology. Most of the participants were excited to be a part of the study and they were able to relate the artificial neural networks to real-life applications. The study suggests that visualization tools can increase interest in teaching and learning certain topics regardless of its complexity. It also suggests that similar tools can be utilized in teaching topics related to Artificial Intelligence.

Topic: Robotics and Automated Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Curriculum and Assessment in Scotland

In November of last year the Scottish Education Department published as a consultative paper Curriculum and Assessment in Scotland: a policy for the 90s, a document which reflected the Government's thinking on the need for some kind of national curriculum.In conjunction with this, and apparently as a kind of supplement, the Consultative Committee on the Curriculum produced Curriculum Design for the Secondary Stages.The Government paper proposes that the CCC should produce curriculum guidelines stating what should be achieved in each subject at each stage from 5 to 14. (After 14 the syllabus is seen as effectively controlled by existing examinations.)A parallel explanatory outline should also be produced for parents.The paper advocates what it sees as more satisfactory ways of assessing, recording and reporting each pupil's attainments.This involves national testing of 'key skills' in English and mathematics for every pupil in P4 and P7.Michael Forsyth, the education minister, has since claimed that the new arrangements would 'allow parents, pupils and teachers a realistic view of progress at the vital stages against an agreed standard'.Further, all headteachers should produce for the proposed school boards written statements of their schools' curriculum policies and of their pupils' attainment levels.Copies of these statements should be sent to the Inspectorate.As this issue of SER goes to press, ministers are still reviewing the comments they have received on the Scottish proposals, though the Government's position is expected to remain fundamentally unaltered.We publish here our own set of comments from observers of the Scottish educational system.The series of articles which follows raises points which are of lasting interest whatever the outcome of the politicians' deliberations.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Foliar Resistance to Fall Armyworm in Corn Germplasm Lines that Confer Resistance to Root- and Ear-Feeding Insects<sup>*</sup>

A holistic approach to developing new corn germplasm that confers multiple insect resistance in various plant tissues at different growth stages was examined. Eight corn germplasm lines were examined for their foliar resistance to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and natural enemy attraction at V6–V8 (or 6–8 leaf) stages in 2008 and 2009. Four corn germplasm lines with known levels of resistance to root- and ear-feeding insects ['CRW3(S1)C6', 'B37*H84', 'SIM6' and 'EPM6'], and four germplasm entries with different levels of S. frugiperda resistance ('Mp708', 'Ab24E', 'FAW7061' and 'FAW7111') were evaluated in the study. All plants were manually infested with 15–20 neonate S. frugiperda larvae per plant, and injury was rated 7 and 14 d after infestation. Based on cluster analysis of S. frugiperda injury rating and predator survey data, 'Mp708' and 'FAW7061' were the most resistant, whereas 'Ab24E' and 'EPM6' were the most susceptible to fall armyworm feeding. The western corn rootworm-resistant 'CRW3(S1)C6' showed resistance to S. frugiperda feeding. Surveys for the diversity and abundance of predators of S. frugiperda in each experimental plot were also conducted 7 d after infestation. 'CRW3(S1)C6' and 'Ab24E' had the highest and lowest predator abundance, respectively. However, there was no direct correlation between S. frugiperda injury ratings and predator abundance. The current study demonstrated the feasibility of developing foliage-, root-, and ear-feeding insect-resistant germplasm covering multiple corn growth stages. In addition, the possibility of utilizing plant volatiles to attract predators, and reduce pest populations and crop damage is discussed.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Excretion of Organic Sulfates Following Administration of Adrenalin

In the rabbit the administration of adrenalin is followed by a markedly augmented excretion of organic sulfates. This appears to indicate that this drug is inactivated in vivo by conjugation with sulfuric acid. Conjugation with glucuronic acid does not occur. These observations confirm those reported by Richter in 1940.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: Binding energy, Stark shift, and field-induced dissociation

Photoexcited intralayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with type-II band alignment have been observed to tunnel into interlayer excitons on ultrafast timescales. Such interlayer excitons have sufficiently long lifetimes that inducing dissociation with external in-plane electric fields becomes an attractive option of improving efficiency of photocurrent devices. In the present paper, we calculate interlayer exciton binding energies, Stark shifts, and dissociation rates for six different transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) vdWHs using a numerical procedure based on exterior complex scaling (ECS). We utilize an analytical bilayer Keldysh potential describing the interaction between the electron-hole pair, and validate its accuracy by comparing to the full multilayer Poisson equation. Based on this model, we obtain an analytical weak-field expression for the exciton dissociation rate. The heterostructures analysed are MoS$_2$/MoSe$_2$, MoS$_2$/WS$_2$, MoS$_2$/WSe$_2$, MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$, WS$_2$/MoSe$_2$, and WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ in various dielectric environments. For weak electric fields, we find that WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ supports the fastest dissociation rates among the six structures. We, furthermore, observe that exciton dissociation rates in vdWHs are significantly larger than in their monolayer counterparts.

Topic: 2D Materials and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
GeoDCAT-AP: Representing geographic metadata by using the ''DCAT application profile for data portals in Europe"

GeoDCAT-AP is a metadata profile aiming to provide an RDF-based representation of geospatial metadata compliant with the DCAT application profile for European data portals (DCAT-AP), specifically designed to enable the sharing of geospatial metadata, in particular those available via the INSPIRE infrastructure. In this paper, we provide an overview of GeoDCAT-AP, and we outline the lessons learnt, in particular with respect to the issues concerning the cross-domain integration of the geospatial platform with other data infrastructures.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential of the oriental house rat, Rattus tanezumi to act as a reservoir of Trypanosoma evansi in Thaïland

Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885) Balbiani, 1888, is a protozoan blood parasite and etiologic agent of “surra,” a disease affecting a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, some identified as potential reservoirs. Although T. evansi has been detected in several small wild rodent species, their role in the epidemiology of surra is unclear. There is molecular evidence of T. evansi in wild rodents in Asia, but it is not known whether they can carry the parasite for sufficient time to significantly contribute to the epidemiology of surra. We assessed the receptivity and susceptibility of the Oriental house rat (OHR; Rattus tanezumi) to T. evansi infection. Five adult male OHRs trapped in Bangkhen district, Bangkok, Thailand, and five laboratory Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), as positive controls, were experimentally infected with a local strain of T. evansi. The five controls and three of the five OHRs were highly susceptible and rapidly exhibited high levels of parasitemia as usually observed in Wistar rats. They died or were euthanized just prior to expected death. Two OHRs presented fluctuating levels of parasitemia, without obvious clinical signs, throughout 40 days of monitoring. These results highlight the moderate susceptibility of some OHRs and their ability to carry the infection for a significant period of time. Along with the molecular evidence of T. evansi in captured OHRs (demonstrated elsewhere), our results bring new information on the potential role of OHRs in the complex epidemiology of surra.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Using Language for Communication: The Picture Game

Communicative competence is becoming an important goal of language instruction. Instead of focusing exclusively on the students' knowledge of discrete grammar points which, when inadequately formed, do not necessarily impede communicating a thought, instructors are increasingly emphasizing the students' competence in communicating successfully a thought in the target language. Articles appearing in this journal and others recommend games and role-play, as well as personalizing the language content to the students' own lives to practice communication.' Simulation activities in the form of games and role-play present opportunities for target language use by creating in essence what Hymes called a speech event.2 This paper will explain and examine one such game, or speech event, for use in the German classroom.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD LHDGAUSS_RAY_MWRM6 #184171.1 (analyzed)

Ray trajectories for microwave reflectometry (mwrm) at set6 point obtained using ray-tracing code LHDGauss.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of intravenous sodium valproate with intravenous phenytoin sodium in the treatment of status epilepticus in children

Background: Status Epilepticus (SE) is a common paediatric neurological emergency that requires immediate and aggressive management. The standard treatment of status epilepticus includes use of diazepam, midazolam, phenytoin sodium/phenobarbitone, diazepam infusion in sequential order. Unfortunately the current therapies mentioned above have considerable adverse effects. There was a continued search for alternative drug. We found out that intravenous (IV) sodium valproate is safe and effective in controlling paediatric SE. Objective: Compare efficacy and safety of intravenous sodium valproate with intravenous phenytoin sodium in the treatment of status epilepticus in children.Methods: This prospective comparative study was done over a period of two years. Children admitted to paediatric intensive care unit who satisfy inclusion criteria were included in the study. Thirty two subjects were enrolled. The subjects were randomized. 17 patients in VPA group received intravenous (IV) valproate in dose of 30 mg/kgas loading dose followed by additional 10 mg/kg if not controlled and fifteen patients in PHT group received intravenous (IV) phenytoin in the doses of 20 mg/kg and an additional 10 mg/kg if not controlled. Children were clinically monitored for adverse events. Treatment was considered successful if seizures were controlled within 20 minutes. Results: IV valproate was successful in 82.4% and IV phenytoin in 80% with P&gt;0.05. In a cross over, out of 3 uncontrolled patients in PHT group, none of the children got controlled with VPA as 2nd choice. However in VPA group, out of 3 uncontrolled patients, one got controlled with phenytoin as 2nd choice. Recurrence was 2.5 times more with phenytoin (3/7) than valproate (2/7) with P=0.209.Conclusions: It was observed that intravenous sodium valproate is as effective as intravenous phenytoin in treatment of paediatric status epilepticus. The drug was tolerated well with no clinically observed adverse effects.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TOTAL AND FREE CORTISOL IN AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING LATE PREGNANCY

Summary Total cortisol levels were measured in 81 samples of amniotic fluid obtained from 72 patients in the third trimester of pregnancy; 19 of them had pre‐eclampsia and the remainder had no pre‐eclampsia, hypertension or renal disease. In accordance with previous studies, there was a rise in the concentration of amniotic fluid cortisol with advancing gestation; the rise was steepest after 40 weeks, the amniotic fluid cortisol levels invariably being above 700 nmoI/I between 41 and 43 weeks of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid cortisol may thus be of value in diagnosing postmaturity. A relatively low correlation was found between total cortisol levels and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid unless results were ranked for gestational age. Total cortisol concentrations in amniotic fluid obtained from patients with pre‐eclampsia were significantly higher than in controls. The concentration of free cortisol in amniotic fluid changed much less than total cortisol. Thus total cortisol should be measured in studies of the fetal capacity to synthesize corticosteroids.

Topic: Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Turning Blokes into Sheilas: how will it help sustain the aquaculture industry of lobsters?

Monosex population culture includes growth of either all-male or all-female populations. It is important for both commercial and environmental reasons. Monosex culture is abundantly practiced in poultry and cattle, enabling better yields and more efficient broodstock management and is a desirable outcome for aquaculture. In several commercially important fish species, either all-male or all-female populations is gained through hormonal treatments that can be environmentally hazardous. In crustaceans on the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated the commercial viability of using RNA interference to silence the masculinising androgenic gland hormone. Due to the species-specific impact of such intervention and the fact the silencing agent is a naturally occurring highly degradable compound, this technology mitigates the environmental risk of using hazardous chemicals. In an attempt to harness this novel biotechnology to the lobster industry, we have characterised the androgenic gland in the eastern rock lobster Sagmariasus verreuxii and commenced with characterisation of the androgenic gland hormone, termed Sagmariasus verreuxii insulin-like androgenic gland factor (Sv-IAG). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an androgenic gland characterisation in a spiny lobster.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences