jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution of a lectin in tissues of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>

The distribution of lectin in various tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (var. red) has been investigated with the use of a sensitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Plants were divided into roots, stems and leaves with a further dissection of the stem into internodes. Isolated tissues, from plants 3‐10 weeks old, were screened for their lectin content, and the development of the lectin over this period determined. Stems and roots contained significant amounts of lectin, whereas the leaves only exhibited very low levels. Furthermore, a pronounced and differential increase in the biosynthesis of the lectin was observed in stem sections between 6 and 10 weeks, where the third internode displayed the highest lectin level.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of putrescine and type of light in callus of Gardenia Jasminoides L. content from some effective medical compounds

Abstract The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of tissue culture of Plant Production Techniques Department, at Musaib Technical College to study the effect of different concentrations of putrescine and the type of light on the content of the Gardenia from some effective medical compounds. The experiment included two factor the first consisted of two sources of light, namely light (fluorescent), LED light (18 red: 2 blue) and the second factor, the addition of Putrescine with three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5) mg.l-1. Some effective medical substances (Coumaric, Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic, Sinapic acid and Tannic) acids was measured in Callus Of Gardenia using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results were analyzed using the statistical program Genstat and the mean was measured according to the least significant difference of LSD at the probability level of 5%. The results showed superior treatment of LED lighting in the concentration of all measured active compounds, The highest concentration of compounds (Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic and Sinapic) acids was given with a concentration of 0.5 mg.l-1. The highest concentration of compounds (Coumaric and Tannic) acids. The interaction (LED + Putrescine at 0.5) gave the highest concentration of compounds (Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic and Sinapic) in Callus of Gardenia.

Topic: Saffron Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment on Effects of the Eleventh Five-year Plan of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Water Resources

Water resources are the main limited factor in Inner Mongolia,and so a development plan should consider the balance of water demands and supplies firstly.Based on water resource carrying capacity,this paper attempts to analyze and assess the rationality and feasibility of the eleventh five-year plan of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The methods of scenario analysis and pressure assessment are applied.Re- sults show that the amount of water demands is some 2.52×10~(10) m~3 under Scenario 1 (water saving situation as past five years) and 2.06×10~(10) m~3 under Scenario 2 (water saving situation as planning for future five years).The water supplies would reach 2.29×10~(10) m~3 up to 2010 and thus,the water supplies should meet the demand under Scenario 2 in general.But there is a remarkable regional gap of water resource distribution in Inner Monglia.Only 24% of available water resources are distributed in the middle and western area and the water shortage occurs in this area even if under Scenario 2.So the area of irrigation land should be de- creased in fragile desert and semi-desert region along inland rivers and the Yellow River,such as in the Alas- han area.The industrial planning also should be regulated in accordance with water carrying capacity.

Topic: Water Resources and Sustainability
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of mitochondria DNA A10398G polymorphism on development of Parkinson's disease: A PRISMA‐compliant meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive disorders caused primarily by neurodegeneration. However, the preventative effects of the mitochondrial A10398G DNA polymorphism remain controversial. This meta‐analysis comprehensively assessed evidence on the influence of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G variant on PD development. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2020. We used a pooled model with random effects to explore the effect of A10398G on the development of PD. Stata MP version 14.0 was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the eligible studies to assess the impact of mitochondrial DNA A10398G on PD development. Results The overall survey of the populations showed no significant association between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism (G allele compared to A allele) and PD (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04, p = 0.111); however, a significant association between the mutation and PD was observed in the Caucasian population (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58–0.87, p = 0.001). A neutral effect was observed in the Asian population (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94–1.28, p = 0.242). Conclusions The results of this meta‐analysis showed the potential protective effect of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism on the risk of developing PD in the Caucasian population. Studies with better designs and larger samples with intensive work are required to validate these results.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Feshbach resonances in the F+H_2 chemical reaction

Reaction resonance is a frontier topic in chemical dynamics research, and is also essential to the understanding of mechanisms of elementary chemical reactions. In this short article, we describe an important development in this reaction direction. Experimental evidence of reaction resonances has been detected in a full quantum state resolved reactive scattering study of the F+H_2 reaction. Highly accurate full quantum scattering theoretical modeling shows that the reaction resonance is caused by two Feshbach resonance states. Further studies show that quantum interference is present between the two Feshbach resonance states for the forward scattering product. This study is a significant step forward in our understanding of chemical reaction resonances in the benchmark F+H_2 system.

Topic: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Social democracy and the decline of strikes

This paper tests if a strong labor movement leads to fewer industrial conflicts. The focus is on Sweden between the first general election in 1919 and the famous Saltsjöbaden Agreement in 1938, a formative period when the country transitioned from fierce labor conflicts to a state of industrial peace. We use panel data techniques to analyze more than 2000 strikes in 103 Swedish towns. We find that a shift of political majority towards the Social Democrats led to a significant decline in strikes, but only in towns where union presence was strong. The strike-reducing mechanism is related to corporatist explanations rather than increased social spending in municipal budgets.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Islamic Gardens with a Special Emphasis on the Ottoman Paradise Gardens:The Sense of Place between Imagery and Reality

Paradise represents beauty and happiness in almost every culture. It has contributed to shape the history of mankind and colored public perception. This paper explores paradise gardens in Ottoman culture. The research unfolds the relevance of gardens to paradise imagery. The construction of paradise in Qur‟an frames and sets the trajectory of analysis. The investigation is furthered with reflections of the imagery on the decorative arts focusing on the relationship between garden and city in the Ottoman period and engages with the concept of Ottoman city and addresses the garden-city structure of Istanbul exemplifying the earthly projections. The aim here is to examine how the abstract perception of the heaven concept is being concretized through the Ottoman cities and gardens. To find answers to this, the study directs the attention to the sense of place originating from the images of paradise gardens and its influence on Turks especially following their conversion to Islam as depicted in various forms in the spaces of everyday life. The paper concludes by providing a survey for subject enthusiasts, including a way of thinking and a point of departure for various studies in interdisciplinary fields.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ecopsychology's Wilding

This article follows Nick Totton's focus on “Wild” as paradigmatic for ecopsychology. It re-examines the tension between domestication and wildness that Totton sets out and links the devastation felt at the estrangement from “mother nature” with the experience of shame and loss of reciprocity. In differentiating between pre-conquest wildness that holds homogeneity of values and that of post-conquest groups, a central paradox in ecopsychology is identified as that of our dual nature: that we are both a part of nature and apart from nature. In complement to Totton's qualities epitomised by “Wild Mind”, the Trickster is seen as a vital source of imaginative power with which to face the demonic presence of collective destruction. With an ecopsychology perspective, a parallel is drawn between the dilemmas of individual therapy and the collective challenge of potential species extinction, suggesting a reciprocal affinity with the more-than-human. Finally, the article notes the difficulties inherent in creating alternative discourses while also looking to be published. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Correlation of Computed Tomography Measured Presacral Thickness with Body Mass Index.

Sacral colpopexy is often chosen as a reliable approach that effectively resolves vaginal vault prolapse. Advancements in minimally invasive technology, robotic and laparoscopic surgery, have helped facilitate surgical dissection and operation when performing this procedure. An increased presacral thickness can potentially present a surgical challenge when operating in the presacral space. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between body mass index and presacral thickness. Computed Tomography (CT) images of 241 patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. The presacral thickness was measured by taking the cross sectional distance from the sacral promontory to the upper aspect of the iliac arteries. The corresponding demographic information of age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities were evaluated using univariate analysis, linear regression, and multiple regression analysis. The mean age was 56.6 years, and BMI was 27.6. The mean presacral thickness measurement based on the CT scan was 21.08 mm. Univariate linear regression models demonstrated a positive correlation between presacral thickness and BMI and a negative correlation with age. When adjusting for both age and BMI on multivariate analysis, a positive correlation with hypertension was found. The surgeon should be aware of this potential change in anatomy when operating in the presacral space.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The ENDF/B-VIII.0 Compendium Volume II: Neutron Cross Section Rank-Order Analyses

Version 8 of the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF/B-VIII.0) contains a wealth of nuclear data representing the most recent collection of evaluated neutron cross section measurements, isotopic radioactive decay, and much more. This Compendium has been prepared as a easily-navigable reference of the contents of the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library, while making no statement regarding the accuracy of those contents. The Compendium is split into four volumes. Volume II presents a series of tables of reaction cross section values for thermal (0.025 eV), fission (1 MeV), and fusion (14 MeV) energies, each sorted by cross section value, isotope, and element-then-isotope to facilitate quick searches.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ancient Disease, Modern Epidemiology: A Century of Progress in Understanding and Fighting Tuberculosis

A century's worth of efforts to better understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and to develop new vaccines, drugs, preventive interventions, and case-finding approaches have provided important insights and helped to advance the field of epidemiology as a whole. Wade Hampton Frost developed methods for cohort analysis that formed the early basis for adjustment of confounding variables. The streptomycin trial in the United Kingdom in the 1940s introduced random allocation for participants to either the treatment or control group, ensuring blinded treatment assignment and comparable treatment groups, which is now a key element in randomized clinical trials. Research into the bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine demonstrated the importance of comparative analyses, potential difficulties in generalizability to populations not under study, and the role of meta-analysis for discrepant data-approaches now strongly recommended prior to implementing any novel public health intervention. George Comstock's work on preventive therapy for TB demonstrated the use of epidemiologic methods to evaluate interventions on a population level. Finally, studies from the Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS/TB Epidemic focused on the evaluation of real-world effectiveness and of targeting of high-risk subpopulations. In this article, we discuss how TB research in each of these domains has helped to advance epidemiologic thinking and methodology over the past 100 years.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Southern swell observed at Oceanside, California

A wave recorder has been in operation at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, since May 4, 1949. Owing to its fortunate location in relation to the Western Hemisphere's hydrography, it has recorded southerly swell almost continuously throughout the summer, the origins of which appear to lie in the area between 40° and 65°S and 120° and 160°W. Swell from the south through southwest was found to run almost continuously from May through September, and to dominate the surf zone for that period. Twenty‐ to thirty‐minute averages (taken three times daily) of the “significant” breaker heights ranged from two to six feet, with most breakers.being between two and four feet. The “maximum” breakers occurring during the 20‐ to 30‐min periods were usually between four and eight feet, with heights of 10 to 12 ft observed on occasions. The average wave period of the southern swell ranged from 12 to 18 sec, with short‐time averages of predominant groups as great as 22 sec.

Topic: Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acetylcholine-Mediated Synaptic Transmission: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiological Significance in Neural Communication

Acetylcholine (ACh) represents one of the most extensively studied neurotransmitters in the nervous system, serving as a critical mediator of synaptic transmission across both central and peripheral neural networks. This review synthesizes current understanding of acetylcholine's multifaceted roles in neural communication, from its molecular structure and synthesis to its complex physiological functions. The neurotransmitter's unique position as both an excitatory and modulatory agent is examined through its interactions with nicotinic and muscarinic receptor systems. We explore the historical development of acetylcholine research, particularly the pioneering work that established its role in neuromuscular transmission and cardiac regulation. The review addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying acetylcholine synthesis via choline acetyltransferase, its vesicular storage, calcium-dependent release, and subsequent degradation by acetylcholinesterase. Special attention is given to the experimental approaches that have shaped our understanding, including artificial synapse models and the effects of anticholinesterase compounds. The physiological significance of acetylcholine in various contexts, from neuromuscular junction transmission to cardiac muscle modulation, is discussed alongside emerging concepts in electrical transmission and junction potentials. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the fundamental principles governing cholinergic neurotransmission and its broader implications for nervous system function.

Topic: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 2741: Applying a biological pathway-based approach to interrogate the genome-wide association data on prostate cancer

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying common susceptibility loci for several complex diseases, yet the massive amounts of data generated from GWAS have not been maximally leveraged. We have applied a previously reported pathway-based approach to analyze the prostate cancer (PCa) GWAS data from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) project. This approach examines whether the cumulative contribution of a set of SNPs that occur on genes within a predefined biological pathway is greater than expected by chance, and thus may provide important novel biological insights that have been missed by most current GWAS. Out of the 555 pathways analyzed from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology, and BioCarta databases, a total of 32 pathways reached a nominal P &amp;lt; 0.05 in their associations with PCa. Among these notably include six KEGG-defined cancer pathways (thyroid, prostate, renal, and pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia), three well-established cancer-related molecular pathways (ATR-BRCA, ionizing radiation response, and apoptosis), and three pathways that have cancer implications (glycolysis, calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton), which together constitute more than one third of the top-ranked pathways. Of closest relevance is the prostate cancer pathway (hsa05215), which was ranked the third highest (nominal P = 0.01) in our analysis. However, no associations of these top pathways remained significant after correction for multiple testing, indicating that the common variants involved in PCa risk are likely to occur in genes from multiple pathways. This genome-wide pathway analysis supports a model that alterations from multiple pathways may combinatorially contribute to the etiology of PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2741

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Group Play Therapy for Behavioral Problems in Students

This literature review aims to map play therapy used in a group of students with behavioral problems.School-age children show behavioral problems that can cause families, schools, and communities to face some problems.Play therapy is one of the methods that use games to carry out therapy.There are some approaches used for play therapy, such as child-centered play therapy, Adlerian play therapy, cognitive-behavioral play therapy, and gestalt play therapy.Group play therapy is a play therapy that aims to help children in learning, participating, showing respect, being responsible, accepting self and others, expressing emotions, and improving behavior.Some studies show that there are several approaches to group play therapy to reduce behavioral problems.

Topic: Child Therapy and Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A parallel and multiscale strategy for the parametric study of transient dynamic problems with friction

Abstract The objective of this work is to develop an efficient strategy for the parametric study of dynamic problems involving contacts with friction. Our approach is based on the multiscale LATIN method with domain decomposition. This is a mixed method that deals with the forces and velocities at the interfaces between the different subdomains simultaneously. We propose to take advantage of the capability of the multiscale LATIN method, called the multiparametric strategy , to reuse the solution of a given problem in order to solve similar problems. This strategy has already been applied successfully to a variety of static problems; here, it is extended to dynamics. First, we present the multiscale strategy in dynamics. Then, we show how the multiparametric strategy can be extended to dynamics. We illustrate the capabilities of the method through an academic 3D example and the simulation of a bolted joint. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Contact Mechanics and Variational Inequalities
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Catalytic Conversion of Used Oil to Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Fractionating Pyrolysis Reactor

Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil was carried out in the presence of different amounts of HZSM-5 at 400 and 420 °C in a reactor equipped with a fractionating packed column, the length of which was varied. The products consisted of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, acids, CO, CO2, water, and coke. The compositions of the gaseous and liquid products were studied by gas chromatography. The product yields and compositions were affected by catalyst content, temperature, and column length. Nearly complete conversion (96.6%) of the used oil and the maximum liquid hydrocarbon yield (33%) were obtained at the highest temperature (420 °C), highest catalyst content (20%), and the lowest column length (180 mm) employed. The aromatic hydrocarbon contents of the liquid hydrocarbon products, which consisted of hydrocarbons of gasoline range, were in general lower than those obtained using fixed bed reactors but increased parallel to the increase in catalyst content. Additional thermal reactions taking place in this type of reactor increased with the increase in column length. Although the total conversion and total liquid hydrocarbon yields were influenced adversely by these reactions, liquid products with higher isomeric hydrocarbon contents were obtained with longer columns.

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bimekizumab as-needed dosing in patients with psoriasis: a case series

Larger prospective studies comparing efficacy and safety of this off-label, as needed, bimekizumab dosing regimen with standard on-label dosing are necessary to corroborate these findings.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences