jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Percutaneous Local Ablative Therapy and Partial Hepatectomy for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of percutaneous local ablative therapy (PLAT) with surgical resection in the treatment of solitary and small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: PLAT is effective in small HCC. Whether it is as effective as surgical resection in the long-term survivals remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized trial on 180 patients with a solitary HCC ≦5 cm to receive either PLAT or surgical resection. The patients were regularly followed up after treatment with physical examination, blood, and radiologic tests. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients who were randomized to PLAT, only 71 received PLAT because 19 withdrew their consent. Of the 90 patients who were randomized to surgical resection, a single Couinaud liver segment resection was carried out in 69 patients, 2 segments in 16 patients, and 3 or more segments in 3 patients. Ethanol injection was given during open surgery in 2 patients. Only 1 patient died after surgical resection within the same hospital admission. Posttreatment complications were more often and severe after surgery than PLAT. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year overall survival rates after PLAT and surgery were 95.8%, 82.1%, 71.4%, 67.9% and 93.3%, 82.3%, 73.4%, 64.0%, respectively. The corresponding disease-free survival rates were 85.9%, 69.3%, 64.1%, 46.4% and 86.6%, 76.8%, 69%, 51.6%, respectively. Statistically, there was no difference between these 2 treatments. CONCLUSION: PLAT was as effective as surgical resection in the treatment of solitary and small HCC. PLAT had the advantage over surgical resection in being less invasive.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the Geometrical Structure of Electromagnetism

2 Cell complexes 9 2.1 Dual cell complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Incidence numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4 Boundary of a chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.5 Cochains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.6 Coboundary of a p -cochain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.7 Discrete Stokes theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
‘If the Time is not Ripe, Then it is Your Job to Ripen the Time!’ The Transformation of the YWCA in the USA from Segregated Association to Interracial Organization, 1930–1965

This article explores the processes behind the transformation of the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) in the USA from a segregated organization in 1920 to an organization promoting racial equality, both within its ranks and in the wider community by 1965. Despite the continuation of segregated practices within some parts of the YWCA until the late 1960s, African‐American women were able to influence the YWCA within national divisions, notably the Negro Leadership Conference and the National Student Council. The influence of African‐American women within the national organisation made the YWCA’s toleration of segregation, both within its own association and in American society, untenable. The interracial friendships and relationships formed by women within the YWCA were crucial in breaking down the national organization’s acceptance of segregation and creating the will to overcome regional inertia, conservatism and hostility.

Topic: Race, History, and American Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pengaruh Investasi, Upah Minimum Kabupaten dan Kunjungan Wisatawan terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Bali

The contribution of the tourism sector in Bali Province has grown over the last twenty years, which can be seen from the number of tourist visits which has increased after the Covid-19 pandemic. The phenomenon that occurs is the gap between tourist visits which increases but the increase in investment and MSEs does not occur in all districts in Bali Province. This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of investment on labor absorption in Bali Province, to determine the effect of district minimum wages and tourist visits on labor absorption in Bali Province. This research was conducted in Bali Province in the 2019-2023 period. The sample in this study used tabular data techniques. The research method uses quantitative descriptive from the results of documentation studies related to investment data, district minimum wages and tourist visits. The results of this research are that there is a positive influence of investment on labor absorption in Bali Province, apart from that there is an influence of the district minimum wage and tourist visits on labor absorption in Bali Province. This research was conducted in Bali Province in the 2019-2023 period.

Topic: Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Female Homosexuality in the Middle East: Histories and Representations

Part 1: Introducing Studies on Female Homosexuality and Contemporary Critical Theory 1. Introduction: Contemporary Views of Female Homosexuality in the Middle East 2. Constructing and Deconstructing Sexuality: New Paradigms for Gay Historiography Part 2: The History and Representation of Female Homosexuality in the Middle Ages 3. An Overview of Medieval Literature Concerning Female Homosexuality 4. A Close Reading of Ahmad Ibn Yusuf Tifashi's Nuzhat al Albab: Toward Re-Envisioning the Islamic Middle East Part 3: The History and Representation of Female Homosexuality in the Contemporary Middle East 5. Contemporary Representations of Female Homosexuality in Arabic Literature and Criticism 6. Some Like it Luke-Warm: A Brief History of the Representation of (Homo)Sexuality in Egyptian Film Part 4: Conclusion and References 7. Conclusion: Homosexuals, the People of Lot and the Future of Arabic Homosexuality 8. Notes

Topic: Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of Tet3 DNA dioxygenase in epigenetic reprogramming by oocytes.

Sperm and eggs carry distinctive epigenetic modifications that are adjusted by reprogramming after fertilization. The paternal genome in a zygote undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first mitosis. The biological significance and mechanisms of this paternal epigenome remodelling have remained unclear. Here we report that, within mouse zygotes, oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) occurs on the paternal genome, changing 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the dioxygenase Tet3 (ref. 5) is enriched specifically in the male pronucleus. In Tet3-deficient zygotes from conditional knockout mice, paternal-genome conversion of 5mC into 5hmC fails to occur and the level of 5mC remains constant. Deficiency of Tet3 also impedes the demethylation process of the paternal Oct4 and Nanog genes and delays the subsequent activation of a paternally derived Oct4 transgene in early embryos. Female mice depleted of Tet3 in the germ line show severely reduced fecundity and their heterozygous mutant offspring lacking maternal Tet3 suffer an increased incidence of developmental failure. Oocytes lacking Tet3 also seem to have a reduced ability to reprogram the injected nuclei from somatic cells. Therefore, Tet3-mediated DNA hydroxylation is involved in epigenetic reprogramming of the zygotic paternal DNA following natural fertilization and may also contribute to somatic cell nuclear reprogramming during animal cloning.© 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved PMID: 21892189 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM078458

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Historical dictionary of atomic espionage

Almost from the moment in 1940 that Otto Frisch and Rudofl Peierls suggested, from their small office in the University of Birmingham, that an atomic weapon could be miniaturized and delivered to its target by aircraft, the concept of atomic espionage can be said to have existed. No sooner had the famous Frisch-Peierls Memorandum been received by the British War Cabinet than a Soviet mole, John Cairncross, passed the details on to his Soviet contact. And 70 years later with the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) estimating that up to 40 countries now have the capability of building nuclear weapons, the need to monitor this activity remains crucial. The Historical Dictionary of Atomic Espionage relates the history of atomic espionage through a chronology, an introductory essay, and cross-referenced dictionary entries on the agencies, agents, and operations. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about atomic espionage.

Topic: Twentieth Century Scientific Developments
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Conservation Management and Crop Rotation Effects on Weed Populations in a 12-Year Irrigated Study

Potato, dry bean, and sugar beet production have increased markedly in recent years on irrigated cropland in Alberta, Canada. Concerns exist about declining soil quality and increased soil erosion when these low-residue crops are grown in sequence in short-duration rotations. A 12-yr rotation study was conducted to determine the merits of adopting various conservation practices (reduced tillage, cover crops, composted manure) and longer-duration rotations to develop a more sustainable production system for these row crops. This article reports on weed density and weed seedbank data collected in the study. Weed densities recorded prior to applying postemergence herbicides indicated that conservation compared with conventional management treatments had greater weed densities in 30 to 45% of the cases in 3-, 4-, and 5-yr rotations. In contrast, a 6-yr conservation rotation that included 2 yr of timothy forage resulted in similar or lower weed densities than rotations with conventional management practices. Residual weed densities recorded 4 wk after applying postemergence herbicides were only greater in conservation than conventional rotations in 2 of 12 yr, regardless of rotation length. Weed seedbank densities at the conclusion of the 12-yr study were similar for 3- to 6-yr rotations under either conservation or conventional management. These findings indicate that implementing a suite of conservation practices poses little risk of increased weed populations in the long term. This knowledge will facilitate grower adoption of more sustainable agronomic practices for irrigated row crops in this region.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Impaired monocyte‐macrophage functions and defective toll‐like receptor signaling in hepatitis E virus‐infected pregnant women with acute liver failure

Acute viral hepatitis resulting due to hepatitis E viral infection (AVH‐E) is often serious in pregnancy and could result in acute liver failure (ALF). The role of monocytes and macrophages (mono‐macs) in the pathogenesis of AVH‐E and development of ALF‐E in pregnancy is unclear. We investigated the functions of mono‐macs in pregnant (P), AVH‐E (n = 44), ALF‐E (n = 12), healthy controls (HC; n = 20) and compared with nonpregnant (NP) AVH‐E (n = 10), ALF‐E (n = 5), and HC (n = 10). We also recruited non‐hepatitis E virus‐related pregnant (P), ALF‐NE (n = 5) and non‐pregnant (NP), ALF‐NE (n = 12) patients with ALF. Mono‐macs, dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes, and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) expressions were studied by flow cytometry and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mono‐macs functionality was determined by analyzing their phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by using flow cytometry. Frequency of mono‐macs and DCs was increased during HEV infection compared to HC ( P &lt; 0.001). Macrophages were increased ( P &lt; 0.002) in ALF‐E(P) compared to ALF‐NE(P). The macrophage phagocytic activity and Escherichia coli ‐induced ROS production was significantly impaired in ALF‐E(P) compared to AVH‐E(P) ( P &lt; 0.001), ALF‐E(NP), and ALF‐NE(P) patients ( P &lt; 0.02). TLR3 and TLR9 expression and downstream MYD88 signalling molecules IRF3 and IRF7 were significantly down‐regulated in ALF‐E(P) ( P &lt; 0.00) compared to AVH‐E(P) and ALF‐NE(P). Conclusion: Functionality of mono‐macs is impaired in pregnant ALF‐E patients compared to AVH‐E(P). Reduced TLR3 and TLR7 expression and TLR downstream‐signaling molecules in pregnant ALF‐E patients suggests inadequate triggers for the innate immune responses contributing to development and severity of ALF‐E. Studies using TLR agonists to activate mono‐macs may be of use and in vitro studies should be undertaken using patient samples.(H epatology 2015;62:1683–1696)

Topic: Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms for the Relations Between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to test a model of the regulation of eating behaviors that could help to better understand the processes by which body dissatisfaction could be either associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors or with healthy eating behaviors. Based on Self–Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000, it appears that women's general level of self–determination in life may help protect against pressures about body image and endorsement of society's beliefs about thinness and obesity. Findings also suggest that women's general level of self–determination is positively associated with an autonomous regulation of eating behaviors (AREB) and negatively associated with a controlled regulation of eating behaviors (CREB). In turn, the AREB is positively associated with healthy eating while CREB is positively associated with dysfunctional eating. Overall, it appears that body dissatisfaction resulting from pressures about body image and endorsement of society's beliefs about thinness and obesity may be more closely associated with a controlled regulation of eating behaviors, which may explain its relation with eating pathology.

Topic: Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
An Analysis of Trouvelot's Auroral Drawing on 1/2 March 1872: Plausible Evidence for Recurrent Geomagnetic Storms

Abstract This work examines Trouvelot's observations and drawing of an auroral display during the night of 1 March 1872. It is known that the auroral oval moves equatorward to midlatitude and even low latitude during large geomagnetic storms. Trouvelot's graphical record of the great aurora on 1 March 1872 has been often cited as a remarkable example of a midlatitude aurora, although it is puzzling that this apparently occurred on a geomagnetically quiet day. Kataoka et al. (2019, JSWSC, 9, A16) even criticised this as a dating error. Here, we investigate Trouvelot's descriptions and available geomagnetic measurements in detail. Our analysis shows that the original date of Trouvelot's auroral drawing is most probably accurate in local time. Moreover, Trouvelot's descriptions and the observational site show that the auroral visibility fell at the beginning of 2 March 1872 in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Consulting simultaneous variations of magnetograms at Helsinki and Greenwich, we found that the nightside aurora specifically coincides with the initial phase of the storm (substorm) and suggests a close association with a substorm triggered by sudden magnetospheric compression. This case study shows that short geomagnetic storms can be overlooked in a daily aa index and they can also cause midlatitude aurorae. Moreover, we found ≈27‐day intervals between this storm, the extreme storms on 4–6 February 1872, and another “bright aurora” that was reported on 6 January 1872. Based on their intervals, these midlatitude aurorae have probably resulted from recurrent solar activity.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Displacement monitoring of crossbeams in an airport runway extension using digital image correlation

The structure of the Madeira Airport runway extension was built above the sea and is composed by a slab supported by frames at heights above 60 m. When landing in the E-W direction, aircraft touch this structure, which results in bending of the support beams. A vision system was installed under the runway in order to evaluate the deflection of the two support beams more directly involved with impact loads upon landing, but otherwise also involved in take-off or taxiing operations. Each system consists of a camera mounted on a beam, directed at the midspan of the following beam, whose displacement is set to be measured. The section captured by the camera has been prepared with a 2 m by 1 m speckle pattern target for displacement tracking using digital image correlation (DIC). A trigger mechanism was developed in order to save only the images obtained upon clear operational events. The camera acquires images continuously onto a circular buffer and compares them with a reference using DIC. When a displacement is detected, the images on the buffer, along with the frames taken in the next few seconds, are saved for posterior image processing. This system was successful at obtaining measurements for the monitored areas' displacement fields and the evolution of deflection through time for each event. Significant values for strain are yet to be obtained, as they were, most likely, too small for the system's resolution, for the events captured to this date.

Topic: Optical measurement and interference techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assignment of the1H and13C NMR spectra of 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A, 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A 11,12-hydrogenborate and azithromycin 11,12-hydrogenborate

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A, its 11,12-hydrogenborate derivative and azithromycin 11,12-hydrogenborate were unambiguously assigned using a combination of 1D and 2D H–C correlation spectra. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sample Size Calculations

This chapter contains sections titled: Factors affecting sample size for cluster randomised designs Calculating sample size using the intra-cluster correlation coefficient Sample size calculations for rates Restricted number of clusters Trials with a small number of clusters Variability in cluster size Comparison of different measures of between-cluster variability Matched and stratifi ed designs Sample size for other designs Summary References

Topic: Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simultaneous Bilateral Laparoscopic Cortical-sparing Adrenalectomy for Bilateral Pheochromocytomas in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2

Abstract Background: laparoscopic or open cortical-sparing adrenalectomy (LCSA or OCSA; CSA) for treatment of bilateral pheochromocytomas (bPHEO) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) offers a postoperative corticosteroid independence and is balanced against the risk of local recurrence. In this study, the optimal surgical approach and the value of the simultaneous bilateral LCSA/OCSA (SB-LCSA/ SB-OCSA) were further assessed. Methods: A total of 31 patients (54.8% women) were diagnosed with bPHEO in MEN2 at a median age at initial presentation of 38 years (range, 23–78). Twenty- seven patients (87.1%) presented with synchronous. With the exception two patients respectively presenting MEN2A died of MTC metastasis or MEN2B declined surgery, each of other 29 underwent initial CSA, and in 23 (79.3%), of whom 18 had SB-LCSA and 5 had SB-OCSA duration of the same anesthesia (synchronous surgery); whereas metachronous CSA was in 6 (20.7%), including 1 had metachronous bilateral LCSA, 2 had metachronous bilateral OCSA (metachronous surgery) and 3 had LCSA/OCSA (hybrid) surgery. Results: All 31 patients associated with RET -C634 mutations, as MEN2A (90.3%) and RET -M918T, as MEN2B (9.7%), respectively. No conversion and intraoperative or postoperative severe complications were necessary. There were less bleeding volume, and shorter hospitalizations between in SB-LCSA compared with those in SB-OCSA, as well as synchronous surgery versus metachronous (hybrid) surgery (all P &lt; 0.05). An initial bilateral postoperative corticosteroid replacement was necessary in 14 patients (45.2%). During a median follow-up period of 7 years (range, 1.8–23), 3 of these patients (10.3%) showed a persistent/recurrent disease and needed reoperation. Conclusions: CSA for bPHEO in MEN2 has a relatively low recurrence and avoids lifelong corticosteroid replacement in well over half the patients. SB-LCSA for treatment of these synchronous bPHEO is safe and feasible, should be recommended as a prioritized surgical approach of choice.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study on low temperature preparation of TiO_2 hydrosol by orthogonal design

TiO2 hydrosols with high photocatalytic activities were prepared by modifying sol-gel method.With the degradation rate of methyl orange as indexes,the process was optimized by orthogonal design.The effect of different parameters on photocatalytic activities of hydrosols was studied.The results showed that pH exhibitsd significant effect on the photocatalytic activities of hydrosols,the next was refluxing temperature and time.The effect of the volume ratio of TiCl4 and added distilled water was least.Suggested optimum process condition was as follows:1∶25 of the volume ratio of TiCl4 and added distilled water,8 to 9 of pH,80 ℃ of refluxing temperature and 6 to 8 hours of refluxing time.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD GASPUFF #190289.1

Gas fueling (Gas Puff) system to supply hydrogen (H2, D2) and impurity gasses (He, N2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, etc.) into the LHD vacuum vessel for the plasma experiment and discharge cleaning, and at an emergency to stop or prevent the plasma discharges.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences