jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DreamCoder: Growing generalizable, interpretable knowledge with wake-sleep Bayesian program learning

Expert problem-solving is driven by powerful languages for thinking about problems and their solutions. Acquiring expertise means learning these languages -- systems of concepts, alongside the skills to use them. We present DreamCoder, a system that learns to solve problems by writing programs. It builds expertise by creating programming languages for expressing domain concepts, together with neural networks to guide the search for programs within these languages. A ``wake-sleep'' learning algorithm alternately extends the language with new symbolic abstractions and trains the neural network on imagined and replayed problems. DreamCoder solves both classic inductive programming tasks and creative tasks such as drawing pictures and building scenes. It rediscovers the basics of modern functional programming, vector algebra and classical physics, including Newton's and Coulomb's laws. Concepts are built compositionally from those learned earlier, yielding multi-layered symbolic representations that are interpretable and transferrable to new tasks, while still growing scalably and flexibly with experience.

Topic: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Acts as a Novel B Cell–Activating Factor In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract Endogenous B cell–activating factors play pivotal roles in defense mechanisms by regulating B cell responses. We previously reported that aminoacyl tRNA synthetase–interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) functions as a novel proinflammatory cytokine that activates macrophages and dendritic cells. However, roles of AIMP1 in B cell responses have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AIMP1 on B cell responses and their underlying mechanisms. AIMP1 induced the expression of surface activation markers on murine B cells and the proliferation of B cells. Additionally, AIMP1 increased the expression of activation-induced deaminase and class switch recombination in B cells. AIMP1 also had synergistic effects on B cell activation when combined with CD40 stimulus. Intracellular signaling experiments showed that AIMP1 activated B cells through a protein kinase C/NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, i.v. injection of AIMP1 into mice increased the expression of CD69 on splenic B cells and significantly enhanced Ag-specific Ab production. Taken together, our results show that AIMP1 acts as a novel B cell–activating factor. AIMP1-mediated B cell activation and the involvement of AIMP1 in diseases will provide additional information for therapeutic strategies.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
On parametric families for sampling binary data with specified mean and correlation

We discuss a class of binary parametric families with conditional probabilities taking the form of generalized linear models and show that this approach allows to model high-dimensional random binary vectors with arbitrary mean and correlation. We derive the special case of logistic conditionals as an approximation to the Ising-type exponential distribution and provide empirical evidence that this parametric family indeed outperforms competing approaches in terms of feasible correlations.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A pharmacognostic study of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) : bioactivity, safety, and phytochemical analysis

The world continues to be plagued by numerous diseases and health complications. Unfortunately, current drug discovery efforts are lagging behind compared to the pace of emergence of new diseases or the development of resistance to current therapies. Medicinal plants especially for people in developing countries are sometimes the only remedies available for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Modern science has also come to recognize the importance of medicinal plants in drug discovery and development given the contributions that this sector has made to drug discovery. As such, several pharmacognostic/natural products chemistry techniques have been developed to aid research on the medicinal properties of plants. The application of these techniques is very useful in two main areas in that they facilitate the validation of the medicinal properties of folk remedies and in the discovery of new remedies from natural products. This thesis focused on the evaluation of the medicinal properties of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae), which is commonly called Ginseng in Cameroon. The species was found to possess antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative/anticancer and anthelmintic effects. Results obtained and reported in this thesis will form a useful foundation for further research into the medicinal potential of this plant

Topic: Cynara cardunculus studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The digital divide in Irish schools: Should we be worried?

Abstract Part of the rationale for the use of ICT in schools is the need to ensure that some sectors of society are not placed at an advantage as a result of unequal access to ICT. Taking this rationale as its starting point, this paper examines the patterns of equipment, access and use of ICT in Irish schools. The paper draws on data from two census surveys of ICT in Irish schools, conducted in 1998 and 2000. Patterns emerging from the data suggest that the young people most at risk of falling on the wrong side of the digital divide may be in relatively well‐equipped schools. However, there remain patterns of access and type of use that give rise to cause for concern.

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Spray Effectively Facilitates Endoscopic Visualization of Bleeding Lesions in Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding(AUGIB) – A Single Center Prospective Study

Purpose: Endoscopic management of AUGIB can be challenging and technically difficult owing to the presence of blood and clots, which may obscure the bleeding sites. Animal experiments and a few small-number studies have noticed improved visualization of the ulcer base using 3% H2O2 spray via endoscope. H2O2 oxidizes red hemoglobin to a translucent clot. We report the largest study to date to support the usefulness of H2O2 spray in patients with AUGIB. Methods: Fifty-six subjects (22 female & 34 male patients between ages 22–85 who presented to the Medical College of Georgia with AUGIB with adherent clot on the ulcer base were studied. Emergency upper GI endoscopy was performed within 6 hours on all patients by a single endoscopist (S.S). The potential bleeding sites were vigorously cleaned with up to 200 mls of water mixed with simethicone followed by 3% H2O2 spray using a 5Fr catheter. The ulcer sites were evaluated and graded after water and H2O2 spray respectively using the method described by Kalloo. Results: Total of 14 GU, 41 DU and 2 Mallory Weiss tears were noted. Excellent visualization of ulcer base was obtained in all patients who had H2O2 spray to the bleeding sites when compared to water irrigation alone. The mean improvement in grade was 2.46 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.6). No untoward effects of H2O2 observed. Conclusions: H2O2 is safe and effectively improves the visual field, thus facilitates localization of bleeding sites & stigmata of bleeding during emergency therapeutic endoscopy. This may become a standard therapy for improved visualization of lesions in AUGIB. [figure 1]Figure

Topic: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of practice on competency in single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of brief practice on voice advisory manikins in improving skill retention by nursing students in single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Brief practice can assist nurses and other providers in maintaining their CPR skills and may lead to improved

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Discovery of\nPotent Antimalarial Type II Kinase Inhibitors\nwith Selectivity over Human Kinases

While\nprogress has been made in the effort to eradicate\nmalaria,\nthe disease remains a significant threat to global health. Acquired\nresistance to frontline treatments is emerging in Africa, urging a\nneed for the development of novel antimalarial agents. Repurposing\nhuman kinase inhibitors provides a potential expedited route given\nthe availability of a diverse array of kinase-targeting drugs that\nare approved or in clinical trials. Phenotypic screening of a library\nof type II human kinase inhibitors identified compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; as a lead antimalarial, which was initially developed to target\nhuman ephrin type A receptor 2 (EphA2). Here, we report a structure–activity\nrelationship study and lead optimization of compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;, which led to compound &lt;b&gt;33,&lt;/b&gt; with improved antimalarial\nactivity and selectivity.

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Assignment Messages and Exchanges

“Assignment messages” are maximally general messages to describe substitutable preferences by means of a linear program. With “integer assignment messages,” there exist integer-valued Walrasian allocations, extending a result of Lloyd S. Shapley and Martin Shubik (1971). Any pure Nash equilibrium profile of the Walrasian mechanism with participants limited to assignment messages is also a Nash equilibrium of the unrestricted Walrasian mechanism. Assignment exchanges are generalizations of single-product double auctions and are related to ascending multi-product clock auctions and the Vickrey mechanism. Assignment messages also have additional applications in mechanism design. (JEL D44, D82)

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol)

Introduction Bleeding during cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic with proven efficacy in major surgeries. Current clinical practice guidelines recommend intraoperative use in cardiac procedures. However, several complications have been reported with tranexamic acid including seizures. This review intends to summarise the evidence examining the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods/design We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PubMED, ACPJC, CINAHL and the Cochrane trial registry for eligible randomised controlled trials, the search dates for all databases will be from inception until 1 January 2019, investigating the perioperative use of topical and/or intravenous tranexamic acid as a stand-alone antifibrinolytic agent compared with placebo in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. We categorised outcomes as patient critical or patient important. Selected patient-critical outcomes are: mortality (intensive care unit, hospital and 30-day endpoints), reoperation within 24 hours, postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, bowel infarction, upper or lower limb deep vein thrombosis and seizures. Those outcomes, we perceived as clinical experts to be most patient valued and patients were not involved in outcomes selection process. We will not apply publication date, language, journal or methodological quality restrictions. Two reviewers will independently screen and identify eligible studies using predefined eligibility criteria and then review full reports of all potentially relevant citations. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be achieved. We will present the results as relative risk with 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes and as mean difference or standardised mean difference for continuous outcomes with 95% CIs. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication Trial registration number CRD42018105904

Topic: Blood transfusion and management
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1032788: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resolution graphs of some surface singularities I. (cyclic coverings)

The article starts with some introductory material about resolution graphs of normal surface singularities (definitions, topological/homological properties, etc). We then discuss the case when the normal surface singularity is an N-fold cyclic covering of a surface germ, branched along a curve given by the germ of an analytic function f. We present non-trivial examples in order to show that from the embedded resolution graph G of f in general it is not possible to recover the resolution graph of the cyclic covering. The main results are the construction of a ``universal covering graph'' from the topology of the germ f, and the completely combinatorial construction of the resolution graph of cyclic coverings from this universal graph of f and the integer N. For this we also prove some purely graph-theoretical classification theorems of ``covering graphs''. In the last part, we connect the properties of the universal covering graph with the topological invariants of f, e.g. with the nilpotent part of its algebraic monodromy.

Topic: Commutative Algebra and Its Applications
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
On décalages in the African Diaspora

Abstract This paper explores Brent Edwards’s 2001 notion of “décalage” and its role in the evolution of the African diaspora studies. I argue that this notion should be profoundly considered in envisioning the future of the field since it not only reflects the original chasm between African and African-American understandings of the diaspora as Edwards states, but it also illustrates how the diaspora has gradually turned into multiple and sometimes scattered diasporas. I also contend that this multiplicity forces us to question what unites African and Afro-descendants today. I do so relying on Gilles Deleuze’s disjunctive synthesis to examine these three dimensions of diasporan relations. I also discuss how ideological frameworks such as Pan-Africanism or Négritude bridged differences thanks to key ideas of emancipation, black existence and connected struggles. I finally explore contemporary models that could renew diaspora studies: Africana and Afro-liminalities.

Topic: Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ultimate bearing capacity of foundations on layered soils under inclined load

The ultimate bearing capacity of footings resting on subsoils consisting of two layers has been investigated for the cases of a dense or stiff layer overlying a weak deposit, and a loose or soft layer overlying a firm deposit. The analyses of different modes of soil failure are compared with the results of model tests on circular and strip footings on layered sand and clay soils.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Apparent Motion Suppresses Responses in Early Visual Cortex: A Population Code Model

This dataset contains all the collected data from the 5 observers in the main experiment and the 3 observers in the control experiment using eye tracking (Supporting Information S2 Text in article), as well as the MATLAB code used to fit our population code model to the data and plot the results (see References for a link to the article).

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
SOSIALISASI SISTEM LAYANAN ASPIRASI DAN PENGADUAN ONLINE RAKYAT PADA MASYARAKAT DESA SEMANDING, KABUPATEN TUBAN

Significant changes in the development of science and technology have had an impact on the implementation of public services. The government is required to increasingly provide transparent and accountable public services to the wider community. Along with the development of technology, the method of submitting complaints about public services has also changed, people can now submit their complaints through a system called LAPOR (People's Aspiration Service and Online Complaints to the Community). However, not all levels of society understand how to use the system, so the Administration Department, FISIP, Airlangga University initiated a community service program to socialize the LAPOR system in Semanding Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency. The method used is a seminar with a structured two-way interaction pattern so that it is more focused in discussing issues or complaints that exist in the village to be submitted to the government. abstrakPerubahan yang signifikan dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi membawa dampak dalam implementasi pelayanan publik. Pemerintah dituntut untuk semakin menyediakan pelayanan publik yang transparan dan akuntabel kepada masyarakat luas. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, metode penyampaian keluhan akan pelayanan publik juga ikut berubah, masyarakat saat ini bisa menyampaikan keluhannya melalui suatu sistem yang disebut LAPOR (Layanan Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online Rakyat pada Masyarakat). Akan tetapi tidak semua lapisan masyarakat memahami bagaimana menggunakan sistem tersebut, sehingga Departemen Administrasi, FISIP, Universitas Airlangga menggagas kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat sosialisasi sistem LAPOR di Desa Semanding, Kecamatan Semanding, Kabupaten Tuban. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan seminar dengan pola interaksi dua arah yang terstruktur sehingga lebih terfokus dalam membahas mengenai permasalahan atau keluhan yang ada di desa untuk disampaikan kepada pemerintah.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
OME918674 Supplemental Material - Supplemental material for Prolonged Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Among Bereaved Parents: Prevalence and Response to an Intervention Program

Supplemental material, OME918674 Supplemental Material for Prolonged Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Among Bereaved Parents: Prevalence and Response to an Intervention Program by Ines Baumann, Jochen Künzel, Lutz Goldbeck, Dunja Tutus and Mandy Niemitz in OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD NB2arm #194928.1

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.

Topic: Technology Use by Older Adults
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Phytophthora lateralis (port-orford-cedar root disease).

<title>Abstract</title> Genetics <italic>P. lateralis</italic> is in phylogenetic clade 8, defined by ITS DNA sequence (Cooke et al., 2000). The most closely related species is <italic>P. ramorum</italic>, the sudden oak death pathogen (Ivors et al., 2004). Other related species include <italic>P. hibernalis</italic> and <italic>P. foliorum</italic>; these species sometimes cross-react in molecular diagnostic tests designed for <italic>P. lateralis</italic> (Winton and Hansen, 2001). In much of Europe and in western North America, <italic>P. lateralis</italic> populations are very uniform in appearance and genetics, as expected of a clonally spread pathogen that is inbreeding or functionally asexual (McWilliams, 1999; 2000). In Taiwan and one small area of Britain, however, morphologically and genetically distinctive populations are established (Brasier et al., 2012). Isolates from Taiwan are especially variable, as might be expected of an ancestral, endemic population. In total, four distinct lineages have been described, including two from Taiwan, the invasive population found in North America and Europe, and the small UK population. Reproductive Biology <italic>P. lateralis</italic> reproduces primarily through asexual zoospores and chlamydospores (Trione, 1974; Englander and Roth, 1980). Zoospores are released from sporangia, sack-like hyphal appendages that hold about 20 zoospores each. Sporangia form in water or in saturated soil, on hyphae that grow from colonies in tree roots (or in agar). Zoospores are encased only in a membrane and are vulnerable to drying. In water they are motile with flagellae. They are chemotactic, following chemical gradients or root exudates. They remain active for about 24 hours. Zoospores encyst on root surfaces or after agitation, such as in a fast moving stream, and germinate with hyphae that may penetrate a host root and establish a new infection (Oh and Hansen, 2007). Chlamydospores are thick-walled asexual resting spores that form on hyphae in roots, foliage or in culture. They allow the pathogen to survive drying conditions, germinating with hyphae and sporangia when cool moist conditions resume (Trione, 1959). Oospores are sexual spores formed from the fusion of antheridia and oogonia. They are thick-walled and presumably function as resting spores in roots and foliage, as well as providing the population with genetic variation. They are very seldom seen in culture, however. Longevity <italic>P. lateralis</italic> survives for up to 10 years in infected root fragments in the soil (Hansen and Hamm, 1996). Population Size and Structure Populations of propagules free in the soil are small (Tsao et al., 1995). Environmental Requirements <italic>P. lateralis</italic> dies quickly from surface horizons exposed to sun as it cannot survive warm dry conditions (Hansen and Hamm, 1996). <italic>P. lateralis</italic> is active during cool, wet times of the year (Trione, 1959).

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences