jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Advanced microangiopathic complications at the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus].

A case of a 59-year-old male patient with advanced microangiopathic complications at the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is reported. The patient was referred to ophthalmological investigation due to progressive loss of visual acuity. Although diabetes mellitus was not known, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with significant visual loss was found at fundus examination. Not only newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (initial fasting blood glucose 19.0 mmol/, HbA1c: 11.6%) but the presence of advanced sensory, motor and autonomic diabetic neuropathy (nervus peroneus motor conduction velocity: 32.1 m/s, nervus suralis sensory conduction velocity could not be detected, postural decrease in systolic blood pressure: 20 mmHg, beat-to-beat variation 6 beats/min, 30:15 ratio 1.03) as well as signs of advanced diabetic nephropathy (daily urinary protein excretion: 1.2-5.7 g, serum creatinine value: 101 mumol/l, sitting blood pressure: 150/100-180/100 mmHg) could be documented by further investigations at Medical Department. Avoiding short-term strict metabolic control insulin therapy was initiated and adequate long-term diabetic control was achieved later (HbA1c: 6.5-6.2%). In order to classify the diabetes, repeated measurements of serum C-peptide, ICA, GADA and IA2-antibodies were performed and type 2 diabetes was diagnosed. After a transient deterioration the proliferative retinopathy remained unchanged. Although laser photocoagulation was performed, no improvement in the visual acuity could be achieved. Only a minor improvement of neurological alterations was documented by repeated electrophysiological investigation at follow-up. Although the antihypertensive treatment (ACE-inhibitor drug in combination with calcium channel blocker) resulted in a significant decrease of elevated blood pressure, only a transient improvement of proteinuria could be achieved. Despite regular control, the advanced microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus carry poor prognosis.

Topic: Neurological and metabolic disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Letter to the Editor

Infusion of parental nutrition (PN) has potential for serious complications due to inadvertent introduction of micro-particles, endotoxins and microorganisms. Intravenous in-line filters (IIF) are used to minimise these risks. Studies have shown that IIF use reduces the length of hospital stay and incidence of phlebitis in adults and children.1, 2 However, evidence supporting benefits of IIF in neonates is limited. A Cochrane systematic review of randomised controlled trials in neonates showed no difference in the primary outcomes of mortality and septicaemia after using IIF.3 IIF is associated with adverse effects such as reduced flow rates, development of air locks and increased risk of infection secondary to more handling in response to filter blocks. IFF usage also comes with additional cost to the health-care system. Despite the conflicting evidence, many international organisations including European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommend use of IIF in children and neonates.4 We conducted a web-based survey in April 2019 of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) within the Australia and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) to ascertain current practice for using IIF during infusion of amino acids (AA) and lipid emulsions (LE). The questions included details of IIF usage, such as type, estimated monthly utilisation, frequency of change and rationale for use. A total of 25 of 31 (80%) NICUs completed the survey (Australia: 20, New Zealand: 5). Overall, 22 of 25 (88%) units used IIF for AA and 17 of 25 (68%) used them for LE infusion. The practice of using IIF for AA or LE infusions had been in place for >10 years in 18 (82%), between 5 and 10 years in 3 (14%), and <5 years in 1 NICU (4%). The rationale for using IIF included: removal of particulate matter: 19 (86%), standard practice: 19 (86%), prevention of infection: 13 (59%), thrombosis: 3 (14%), air embolism: 1 (5%). The frequency of changing the IIF for AA infusion varied between the units (48 h: 6/21 (29%), 72 h: 5/21 (24%), 92 h: 2/21 (9%), 96 h: 8/21 (38%)). Estimated usage in the NICUs varied between 10 and 500 filters per month. In Australia, the average cost of one AA and LE PN filter is ~$24 and ~$10, respectively. Based on 2016 ANZNN annual report, the estimated total annual cost of the IIF across ANZNN NICUs is ~$700 000 AUD. In summary, despite the inadequate evidence the use of IIF for PN infusion is a common practice in ANZNN NICUs. Sixty-four percent NICUs were willing to participate in an adequately powered randomised controlled trial to further access this practise.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of the blackfly Odagmia ornata (Meig.) (Simuliidae) at low temperatures.

The effect of the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores on larvae of the blackfly Odagmia ornata was studied in the laboratory and under field conditions of a natural biotope in southern Bohemia. The preparation Moskitur was used and its effect was tested in laboratory at temperatures 0.1-2.9 degrees C and 17-19 degrees C. Although O. ornata larvae were able to filter feed on a lethal dose of the preparation even at a lower temperature than 2.9 degrees C, no marked manifestation of mortality was observed at low temperatures in comparison with a control sample.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Chapter 14. Peptides

C. E. Dempsey, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1984, 81, 353 DOI: 10.1039/OC9848100353

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Being my true self: An existential phenomenological inquiry into how transition influences identity in trans men

The number of trans people presenting for referral to Gender Identity Clinics has increased in recent years, with wait times standing at up to four years from the point of referral. Options for those waiting to be seen, who may also be experiencing mental distress, gender dysphoria and related anxiety and depression, include self-medication and counselling. There has been little research into the lived experience of trans male gender transition, specifically in the area of identity and the self. This research investigated how transition influences identity in trans men. Van Manen’s phenomenological hermeneutic methodology was chosen, and four participants recruited. Five themes were identified, revealing pre-transition experiences of dissonance, invisibility, self-hate and distress, as participants’ innate sense of identity was gradually subsumed by external expectations to conform to gender binary norms. In all cases, participants reached a point of crisis where hiding their true selves became no longer possible. Through transition, participants achieved alignment with their authentic selves, slowly integrating all aspects of identity; the inner, the physical and the social.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
THE FORMATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM C<sup>14</sup>-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN SLICES FROM IMMATURE RAT BRAIN

The relative incorporation of several C 14 -labelled compounds into the phospholipid and free cholesterol of developing rat brain slices at various ages from 1 to 19 days was examined. Experiments have shown that labelling of saturated fatty acids of phospholipids and cholesterol from acetate-1-C 14 and propanoate-1-C 14 was much more in 1- to 9-day animals than in older animals while the labelling from non-fatty acid precursors such as ethanolamine-1,2-C 14 and choline-Me-C 14 was not greatly affected by the aging processes. Palmitic acid was the major acid labelled by acetate, but both stearic and myristic acids received appreciable activity.The results tend to indicate that the saturated fatty acids of rat brain phospholipids are formed rapidly at a very early stage in brain development. The activity of this synthetic system then appears to decrease to the low level apparent in the adult rat. The glycerol–phosphate-base moieties of the phospholipids, on the other hand, appear to retain their relatively high replacement activity at all ages.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Tiebout Sorting, Social Multipliers and the Demand for School Quality

In many theoretical public finance models, school quality plays a central role as a determinant of household location choices and in turn, of neighborhood stratification.In contrast, the recent empirical literature has almost universally concluded that the direct effect of school quality on housing demand is weak, a conclusion that is robust across a variety of research designs.Using an equilibrium model of residential sorting, this paper closes the gap between these literatures, providing clear evidence that the full effect of school quality on residential sorting is significantly larger than the direct effect -four times as great for education stratification, twice for income stratification.This is due to a strong social multiplier associated with heterogeneous preferences for peers and neighbors; initial changes in school quality set in motion a process of re-sorting on the basis of neighborhood characteristics that reinforces itself, giving rise to substantially larger stratification effects.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[On respiratory stimulation by aminophenazol in global insufficiency due to chronic-obstructive diseases of the lungs (author's transl)].

For evaluation of a respiratory analeptic as supplementary therapy in global insufficiency blood gas analyses were performed on 19 patients under normal room air conditions as well as under oxygen breathing. It could be proved that with 2,4-diamino-5-phenylthiazol (aminophenazol; Daptazile) respiratory depression associated associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases can be influenced and that here is statistically significant improvement of respiration. Effects of mechanical breathing and hyperventilatin are discussed -- basing on the present evaluation results they need not be expected. Side effects were not registered. With simultaneous and exhaustive application of all therapeutic means for the remedy of pulmonary obstruction amiphenazol is recommended for use in cases of pulmonary hypoventilation and primary central respiratory depression.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electrochemistry coupled with mass spectrometry for the prediction of the environmental fate and elucidation of the degradation mechanisms of pesticides: current status and future prospects

The state of the art of existing/published work in the prediction of environmental degradation of pesticides by EC-MS/EC-LC-MS coupling was reviewed. Ways to improve EC-MS techniques in the prediction of environmental degradation were proposed.

Topic: Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predictors and Predictive Score of In-Hospital Mortality in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The primary objective of this study was to identify relevant clinical and biochemical predictors and create a predictive score for in-hospital DKA mortality. Materials and Methods: A 6-year retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with DKA and admitted to Chiang Mai University Hospital, a tertiary care center in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, was conducted. Baseline clinical data and laboratory investigations were collected. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, clustered by type of diabetes, was performed to identify significant predictors. A predictive risk score was created using significant predictive factors identified by multivariable analysis. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a significant p-value set at &lt;0.05. Results: Ninety-three patients diagnosed with DKA were included in the study. Ten patients died during admission. Significant predictors for in-hospital mortality of DKA included age &gt; 55 years (OR 7.8, p = 0.007), female gender (OR 3.5, p &lt; 0.001), anion gap &gt; 30 mEq/L (OR 2.6, p = 0.003), hemoglobin levels &lt; 10 g/dL (OR 16.9, p &lt; 0.001), and the presence of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.3, p = 0.046). The predictive risk score ranged from 1 to 14 for low risk, and 14.5–23.5 for high risk of in-hospital mortality. The predictive performance of the scoring system was 0.82 based on the area under the curve, with a sensitivity of 73.8% and specificity of 96.4%. Conclusions: Multiple clinical and biochemical factors, along with a predictive risk score, could assist in predicting in-hospital mortality of DKA and serve as a guide for physicians to identify patients at high risk. Nevertheless, as the predictive score was internally validated with data from a single institution, external validation in diverse healthcare settings with larger datasets or prospective cohorts is crucial to confirm the model’s generalizability and predictive accuracy.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Applicability of the Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology to the analysis of DNA modifications

Motivation and Aim:The Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology makes it possible not only to detect the four canonical bases, but also to additionally catch any of their modified forms that can significantly change the sequencing signal.However, the most popular tool used for DNA modification analysis called Tombo has a number of limitations, especially when processing low-represented DNA motifs.In this work, we attempt to improve existing methods for the analysis of DNA modifications and demonstrate their applicability on two highly methylated H. pylori genomes.Methods and Algorithms: Using the Oxford Nanopore technology, both native and whole genome amplified (WGA) samples of two strains of H. pylori J99 and A45 were sequenced.The sequencing results were processed with Guppy and resquiggled with Tombo.To detect modified sites, the raw signal distributions of native and WGA samples were compared using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in combination with artificial data balancing to compensate the differences in the k-mers abundance.In addition, the Cohen's d-effect size was used to estimate the magnitude of the signal shift.A new greedy algorithm has been developed to extract a minimum set of modified sites based on observed signal shifts.The results obtained for J99 were compared with PacBio data.Results: We have developed a new statistical approach for detecting modified positions and a new greedy algorithm for extracting potential modification motifs.Unlike Tombo, our method showed results close to the PacBio method on the H. pylori J99 strain.A new H. pylori strain A45 was analyzed by the same method and revealed the appearance of several methylation motifs other than J99.Conclusion: Oxford Nanopore sequencing has a great potential for the analysis of epigenetic modifications and can successfully compete with PacBio technology.However, the currently existing software has certain drawbacks caused by the inconsistency of the statistical methods used.The authors hope that their efforts to improve the existing methods will be helpful to ONT users interested in DNA modifications analysis.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
VARIABILITY OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE OF BROILER CHICKENS CROSS “COBB-500” ON THE BACKGROUND OF FEED ADDITIVES APPLICATION

Under experimental conditions, the effect of different feed additives (prebiotic, probiotic, sorbent) on the structure of the rectus head of quadriceps femoris muscle of broiler chickens of meat cross “Cobb-500” (age 35 days) was studied on the basis of light and transmission electron microscopy and micromorphometry methods. The chickens were divided into four groups. In the control group chickens received the basic diet, and in three experimental groups prebiotic, probiotic, sorbent of domestic production was added to it. Light-optical studies determined the ratio of muscle fibers and connective tissue component in the muscle structure, dimensional indices of muscle fibers and their bundles, thickness of endomysium and perimysium, the degree of vascularization of the muscle. At the ultrastructural level, the thickness and packing density of myofibrils, as well as the degree of development of the mitochondrial apparatus of muscle fibers were assessed. It was shown that probiotic administration was accompanied by compaction of muscle structure due to a decrease in the representation of connective tissue component, an increase in the number of largediameter muscle fibers, and better development of mitochondrial network in muscle fibers. Application of prebiotic resulted in activation of metabolic processes in muscle fibers against the background of increase in the total area of mitochondria, increase in the representation of large fibers in the structure of muscle bundles, but the muscle structure was loose due to significant representation of connective tissue component of muscle. When sorbent was used, the muscle structure was characterized by an increase in the representation of connective tissue (more than in other groups), which led to lose packing of muscle fibers in bundles, as well as the predominance of muscle fibers of small and medium diameter in the structure, which was accompanied by an insignificant increase in the total area of mitochondria. The obtained data indicate a different effect of feed additives on tissue metabolism, which leads to changes in the structure of quadriceps muscle of broiler chickens of experimental groups. The obtained data should be taken into account when formulating diets in industrial poultry farming.

Topic: Advanced Scientific Research Methods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ekspertai viešosios politikos formavimo procese: kriminologinis žinojimas ir nepilnamečių justicijos reformos ateitis

The aim of this paper was to acquire a deeper understanding of the processes during which a construction of criminological knowledge is taking place and to analyse the complex relationships between experts and other agents in the formation of a particular task, that of juvenile criminal justice reform. Juvenile justice is regarded as one of the components of the Lithuanian criminal justice policy. Juvenile justice as a public policy is closely linked to various groups of experts such as lawyers, criminologists, police administrators, social workers, etc. My intention was to examine ways by which criminological knowledge has been mobilised by the Lithuanian political authorities when tasks are allocated to experts. An analytical theoretical model of public policy that included analysis at three levels (state, professionals and individual) illustrates a process during which the state mobilises criminological knowledge and certain professional groups monopolise spheres of influence. Qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews with experts), document analysis and secondary data served as major sources for the analysis of this case study. Knowledge-power discourse as a Foucaultian truism about criminology's utility to power sheds light on the mutual relationship and interaction between academics and policy makers. This relationship has yet to become a research agenda in post-soviet societies. A case-study of the Lithuanian juvenile justice reform demonstrates that criminology as a discipline is being institutionalised and is achieving an advisory role in the decision making process. On the one hand, the close connection to power creates favourable conditions for applications of legitimised academic knowledge, which consequently can encourage social change and reform. On the other hand, the adaptation of academic knowledge to that of powerful groups strengthens the historical tendency in criminology, that is, to become merely administrative and utilitarian to power.

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Commentationes Demosthenicae, quas ... p. p. Mag. Carolus Vilh. Aug. Tham Nob. et Hermannus Olavus Schröderheim Nob. Vermelandus. In Audit. Gustav. die XXI Octobris MDCCCXXXVII. H. P. M. S. Sect. II. P. III., d. 7

Commentationes Demosthenicae, quas ... p. p. Mag. Carolus Vilh. Aug. Tham Nob. et Hermannus Olavus Schroderheim Nob. Vermelandus. In Audit. Gustav. die XXI Octobris MDCCCXXXVII. H. P. M. S. Sect. II. P. III., d. 7

Topic: Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Nonlinear stabilization through long input delay&amp;#x2014;Part II: The strict-feedforward class

We study global stabilization of strict-feedforward systems with arbitrarily long input delay. These systems may be open-loop unstable but cannot exhibit finite escape instability, providing for a possibility of global stabilization even in the presence of long delay. We derive predictor-based feedback laws for exact compensation of input delay. These feedbacks are given explicitly due to the fact that a predictor state can be written explicitly for strict-feedforward systems. Stability is established in the sense of an L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm on the actuator state, which is not necessarily possible for the broader class of forward complete systems which are stabilizable in the presence of arbitrarily long delay in L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</sub> norm. The paper includes a third-order worked example which is not feedback linearizable.

Topic: Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences