jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Locoregional recurrence after breast cancer surgery: A meta-analysis by molecular subtype.

1053 Background: Molecular subtyping has confirmed that breast cancer comprises at least four genetically distinct entities, the phenotype of which influences both systemic and locoregional recurrence. The quantitative influence of subtype on ipsilateral locoregional recurrence (LRR) is unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically appraise the influence of breast cancer subtype on LRR following breast conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy. Methods: A comprehensive search for published studies that examined outcomes after BCT and/or mastectomy for patients according to breast cancer sub-type, was performed using Medline and cross referencing available data. Reviews of each study were conducted and data were extracted to perform meta-analysis. Primary outcome was LRR related to breast cancer subtype. Results: A total of 9,007 breast cancer patients who underwent either BCT (n=4790) or mastectomy (n=4217) were identified from studies examining LRR in relation to breast cancer subtype. Patients with luminal subtype tumor had lower risk of LRR than both triple-negative (OR=0.48; 95% CI 0.30−0.77) and Her2neu-overexpressing (OR= 0.27; 95% CI 0.18−0.39) tumours following BCT. Luminal tumours were also less likely to develop LRR than Her2neu-overexpressing (OR =0.7, 95% CI 0.52−0.95) or triple-negative tumours (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.50−0.83) after mastectomy. Her2neu-overexpressing tumours have increased risk of LRR compared to triple-negative tumours (OR=1.7; CI 1.11−2.65) following BCT but there was no difference in LRR between Her2neu-overexpressing and triple-negative tumours following mastectomy (OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.64−1.28). Conclusions: Luminal tumors are associated with the lowest rates of LRR. Patients with triple negative and Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer subtypes are at increased risk of developing LRR following BCT or mastectomy. Breast cancer biologic subtype should be taken into account when considering local control of breast cancer and may be used to identify those at increased risk of local and regional recurrence who may benefit from more aggressive local treatment.

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Case of Asphyxia from Hanging: Treated by Bleeding

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Currently, booster dose is needed after 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. With limited resource and shortage of COVID-19 vaccine, intradermal(ID) administration might be a potential dose-sparing strategy. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine antibody response and reactogenicity of ID ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine(AZD1222,Oxford/AstraZeneca) as a booster dose after completion of 2-dose CoronaVac(SV) in healthy adult. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective cohort study of adult aged 18-59 years who received 2-dose SV at 14-35 days apart for more than 2 months. Participants received ID AZD1222 at fractional low dose(1×10<sup>10</sup> viral particles,0.1ml). Antibody responses were evaluated by surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT) against wild type and delta variant and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain immunoglobulin G(anti-S-RBD IgG) at prior, day14 or 28, and day90 post booster. Solicited reactogenicity was collected during 7 days post-booster. Primary endpoint was the differences of sVNT against delta strain ≥80%inhibition at day14 and 90 compared with the parallel cohort study of 0.5-ml intramuscular(IM) route. <h3>Results</h3> From August2021, 100 adults with median(IQR) age of 46(41-52) years participated. At baseline, geometric means(GMs) of sVNT against delta strain prior to booster were 22.4%inhibition(95%CI 18.7-26.9) and of anti-S-RBD IgG were 109.3(95.4-125.1)BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta strain were 92.9%inhibition(95%CI 87.7-98.3) at day14 and 73.1%inhibition(66.7-80.2) at day90 post ID booster. The differences of proportion of participants with sVNT to delta strain≥80%inhibition in ID recipients versus IM were +4.2%(95%CI-2.0to10.5) at day14, and -37.3%(−54.2to−20.3) at day90. Anti-S-RBD IgG GMs were 2037.1(95%CI1770.9-2343.2) at day14 and 744.6(650.1-852.9) BAU/ml at day90, respectively. Geometric mean ratios(GMRs) of anti-S-RBD IgG were 0.99(0.83-1.20) at day14, and 0.82(0.66-1.02) at day90. Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Common reactogenicity was erythema(55%) at injection site while 7% reported blister. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Low-dose ID AZD1222 booster enhanced lower neutralizing antibodies at 3 months compared with IM route. Less systemic reactogenicity occurred, but higher local reactogenicity. <h3>Highlights</h3> Intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine gave comparable short-term immunogenicity but lower 90-day immunogenicity with conventional intramuscular vaccine. Lower systemic but higher local reactogenicity was found in intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine. Blister and pruritus could be seen after intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine.

Topic: Intramuscular injections and effects
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Magnetic field error analysis on TPX superconducting magnet misalignment

The Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) requires that certain magnetic field errors, in terms of Fourier components, be in the order of 10/sup -4/ of the field at the major radius. We have studied the field errors introduced from rigid coil displacements for both the toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PP) magnets. Fourier decomposition of the field errors was performed on a plasma surface with a D-shaped cross-section. For TF coils, field errors were calculated for all six degrees of freedom in displacements, and for PF coils, three degrees of freedom were considered. Superposition and linearity were verified for small displacements. To obtain the field errors of a whole TF magnet, a statistical approach with Monte-Carlo simulations was taken to combine the field errors from all 16 individual TF coils with each in six degrees of freedom. The simulation results suggested a new approach for allocating the field errors to different subsystems. The results also helped us to identify the major and minor contributors in field errors during the design and manufacturing stages for controlling the tolerances in parts and assembly.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ERYTHROCYTE IN EEL (ANGUILLA JAPONICA) STUDIED WITH ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

The erythirocyte of eel (Anguilla japonica) was fixed with bufferd osmium tetroxide solution and observed under an electron microscope; and the following findings were made.1. In erythrocyte of eel, an oval nucleus bounded by the nuclear membrane of distinct double membrane structure was observed. In places, the nuclear membrane had pores of 500-1, 000 A diameter and karyoplasm at those positions were homogeneous and varied from other granular parts.2. The cell body was bounded by the cell membrane of approximately 80 A thick. The cytoplasm as a whole showed uniformed a fine reticular structure and probably it was filled with hemoglobin.3. In the cell body a few rod shaped mitochondria were recognized and they were as usually consisted of limiting membrane, matrix and cristae.4. In the cell body, the tubular smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was observed and it made a contact with the nuclear membrane in one place and with the cell membrane in another place. Also, it showed the gathering in a certain place and formed a reticular cluster, which could be considered as the Golgi apparatus.5. Those findings suggested that this cell was similar to the immature erythrocyte of mammal in several aspects.

Topic: Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COLLAGEN &amp; SIMPLE PARAFFIN DRESSING APPLIED ON SKIN GRAFT DONOR SITE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON VANCOUVER SCAR SCALE AND PATIENT &amp; OBSERVER SCAR ASSESSMENT SCALE (POSAS

BACKGROUND&#13;\nSplit skin grafting (SSG) is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Ideal donor site scar should be soft, supple, and flat with&#13;\nnormal pigmentation. Collagen sheets have been used as a donor site dressing which comes close to being called an ideal donor&#13;\nsite dressing.&#13;\nThe objective of the study was to compare effect of collagen and simple paraffin dressing on wound healing and scar&#13;\nformation on skin graft donor site.&#13;\nMATERIALS AND METHODS&#13;\nThis is a comparative study, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sample size of 30 patients, study carried out in&#13;\npatients posted for skin grafting in Department of Surgery, M.G.M Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, by dividing the&#13;\ndonor site wound into medial half and lateral half by doing half dressing with collagen and other half by simple liquid paraffin&#13;\nand assess the scar at 21st day and compare the scar healing by Vancouver Scar Scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment&#13;\nScale (POSAS).&#13;\nRESULTS&#13;\nWound healing is better with collagen when compared to simple paraffin dressing as a material for donor site wound. Significant&#13;\nreduction in pain (p-value= 0.007) and pruritus (p-value= 0.001) in patients with collagen dressing was noted on post op day&#13;\n21.&#13;\nCONCLUSION&#13;\nCollagen application to donor site wound (DSW) is better than simple paraffin dressing in relation to early wound healing with&#13;\nbetter scar results and patient comfort.&#13;\n

Topic: Skin Protection and Aging
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Carrier distribution in InGaN/GaN tricolor multiple quantum well light emitting diodes

Carrier transport in InGaN light emitting diodes has been studied by comparing the electroluminescence (EL) from a set of triple quantum well structures with different indium content in each well, leading to multicolor emission. Both the sequence and width of the quantum wells have been varied. Comparison of the EL spectra reveals the current dependent carrier transport between the quantum wells, with a net carrier flow toward the deepest quantum well.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genome-Wide Association Study to Find Modifiers for Tetralogy of Fallot in the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Identifies Variants in the <i>GPR98</i> Locus on 5q14.3

Background— The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS; DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome) occurs in 1 of 4000 live births, and 60% to 70% of affected individuals have congenital heart disease, ranging from mild to severe. In our cohort of 1472 subjects with 22q11.2DS, a total of 62% (n=906) have congenital heart disease and 36% (n=326) of these have tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), comprising the largest subset of severe congenital heart disease in the cohort. Methods and Results— To identify common genetic variants associated with TOF in individuals with 22q11.2DS, we performed a genome-wide association study using Affymetrix 6.0 array and imputed genotype data. In our cohort, TOF was significantly associated with a genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs12519770, P =2.98×10 − 8 ) in an intron of the adhesion GPR98 (G-protein–coupled receptor V1) gene on chromosome 5q14.3. There was also suggestive evidence of association between TOF and several additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in this region. Some genome-wide significant loci in introns or noncoding regions could affect regulation of genes nearby or at a distance. On the basis of this possibility, we examined existing Hi-C chromatin conformation data to identify genes that might be under shared transcriptional regulation within the region on 5q14.3. There are 6 genes in a topologically associated domain of chromatin with GPR98 , including MEF2C (Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C). MEF2C is the only gene that is known to affect heart development in mammals and might be of interest with respect to 22q11.2DS. Conclusions— In conclusion, common variants may contribute to TOF in 22q11.2DS and may function in cardiac outflow tract development.

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The roles played by cholesterol in cancer development and the potential of therapeutically targeting cholesterol homeostasis is a controversial area in the cancer community. Several epidemiologic studies report an association between cancer and serum cholesterol levels or statin use, while others suggest that there is not one. Furthermore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project using next-generation sequencing has profiled the mutational status and expression levels of all the genes in diverse cancers, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism, providing correlative support for a role of the cholesterol pathway in cancer development. Finally, preclinical studies tend to more consistently support the role of cholesterol in cancer, with several demonstrating that cholesterol homeostasis genes can modulate development. Because of space limitations, this review provides selected examples of the epidemiologic, TCGA, and preclinical data, focusing on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and its consequent effect on patient survival. In melanoma, this focused analysis demonstrated that enhanced expression of cholesterol synthesis genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Collectively, the studies in melanoma and other cancer types suggested a potential role of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in cancer development but additional studies are needed to link population-based epidemiological data, the TCGA database results, and preclinical mechanistic evidence to concretely resolve this controversy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(8); 2063–70. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of asiaticoside on endothelial cells in hypoxia‑induced pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progre-ssive disease with limited treatment options. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of PH remain to be elucidated, however there is novel evidence that implicates abnormal endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis and dysfunction of ECs to be involved in the initiation of PH. Asiaticoside (AS) is a saponin monomer extracted from a medicinal plant called Centella asiatica, which had a preventing effect of hypoxia‑induced pulmonary hypertension (hypoxic PH) by blocking transforming growth factor‑β1/SMAD family member 2/3 signaling in our previous study. The present study demonstrated that AS can prevent the development of hypoxic PH and reverse the established hypoxic PH. AS may activate the nitric oxide (NO)‑mediated signals by enhancing the phosphorylation of serine/threonine‑specific protein kinase/eNOS, thus promoting NO production, and prevent ECs from hypoxia‑induced apoptosis. All these findings imply that AS may be a potential therapeutic option for hypoxic PH patients due to its effect on the vitality and function of endothelial cells.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Combined Left and Right Temporal Robustness for Control under STL Specifications

Many modern autonomous systems, particularly multi-agent systems, are time-critical and need to be robust against timing uncertainties. Previous works have studied left and right time robustness of signal temporal logic specifications by considering time shifts in the predicates that are either only to the left or only to the right. We propose a combined notion of temporal robustness which simultaneously considers left and right time shifts. For instance, in a scenario where a robot plans a trajectory around a pedestrian, this combined notion can now capture uncertainty of the pedestrian arriving earlier or later than anticipated. We first derive desirable properties of this new notion with respect to left and right time shifts and then design control laws for linear systems that maximize temporal robustness using mixed-integer linear programming. Finally, we present two case studies to illustrate how the proposed temporal robustness accounts for timing uncertainties.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Education and Corporeality: Contributions from the Philosophy of Sport

Corporeality is a subject strongly present in educational discussion nowadays. The purpose of this paper is to present an outline of issues we may address from the philosophy of sport that could foster a fruitful dialogue with the philosophy of education. It is understood that the philosophy of education can benefit from reflections on corporeality and human movement, namely from sports and games. Initially, the article introduces the philosophy of sport as a field of study that addresses reflections on human movement from sports and games. They highlight elements that are not specific to such practices and foster reflexions on different areas. Afterwards, it explores the experience of corporeality and the dialogical dimension of human movement based on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology. Human movement indicates a unique way of being communicative. Finally, it presents some reflections on playing games as an experience that helps us think about our relationships with others and the environment. From this perspective it is possible to seek some critical features to understand education in the experience of human movement, namely from playing games, such as experience, dialogue, and expressiveness. Thoughts on human movements may reinforce the role corporeality plays in education as a collective experience and the recognition of the body's expressive potential in constructing knowledge.

Topic: Doping in Sports
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sulfonylcarbamimidic azides from sulfonyl chlorides and 5‐aminotetrazole

Abstract Treatment of o ‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride ( 3 ) with 5‐aminotetrazole (5‐AT) gave [(2‐nitrophenyl)‐sulfonyl]carbamimidic azide ( 6 ), a ring‐opened isomer of the expected N ‐(1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide ( 4 ). Sulfonylcarbamimidic azide 6 was converted to 2‐amino‐ N ‐(aminoiminomethyl)benzene‐sulfonamide ( 7 ) with ethanolic stannous chloride, and to 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide ( 8 ) with sodium dithionite. Methanesulfonyl chloride ( 9 ) and 5‐AT gave 2‐(methylsulfonyl)carbamimidic azide ( 10 ), which isomerized to 5‐[(methylsulfonyl)amino]‐1 H ‐tetrazole ( 11 ) in warm ethanol. Attempted cycloaddition of 2‐(phenylsulfonyl)carbamimidic azide ( 13 ) and ethyl vinyl ether led only to alkylated tetrazole products. In addition, other tetrazole‐alkylating reactions are described. Isomers produced from these alkylations were differentiated with 13 C nmr spectroscopy.

Topic: Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Analogues of KN62, a Potent Antagonist of the P2X<sub>7</sub>‐Receptor.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody seropositivity in young adults aged up to 35 years: kidney histopathological findings and patient outcomes

Objective To investigate the clinical features, pathological renal findings, and outcomes in young adults with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) seropositivity. Methods Adults aged ≤35 years, with ANCA seropositivity, who underwent renal biopsy and received treatment comprising a combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide between January 2004 and May 2018, were retrospectively enrolled. Results Thirteen patients with ANCA seropositivity were included, all of whom presented with kidney disease at diagnosis: 10 (76.9%) with ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, one with ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis with immune complex deposition, one with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and one with membranous nephropathy. The median serum creatinine level was 183.2 μmol/l (range, 55.0–1024.0 μmol/l). Respiratory symptoms (9/13 [69.2%]) and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms (5/13 [38.5%]) were the most common extrarenal manifestations. Remission was achieved in 10 (91%) of 11 ANCA-associated nephritis cases, and median interval from diagnosis to relapse was 30 months (range, 9–63 months). Cumulative relapse-free survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 100% and 88.9%, respectively. Overall, 1-year and 5-year renal survival rates were 80.8% and 58.9%, respectively. Conclusion Renal histopathology varied in young adults with ANCA seropositivity. Although relapse rates in this young adult population were generally low, long-term renal survival rates remain unsatisfactory.

Topic: Vasculitis and related conditions
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences