jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Protection against focal ischemic injury to the brain by trans-sodium crocetinate

Object Ischemic injury is a potential complication in a variety of surgical procedures and is a particular impediment to the success of surgeries involving highly vulnerable neural tissue. One approach to limiting this form of injury is to enhance metabolic supply to the affected tissue. Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) is a carotenoid compound that has been shown to increase tissue oxygenation by facilitating the diffusivity of small molecules, such as oxygen and glucose. The present study examined the ability of TSC to modify oxygenation in ischemic neural tissue and tested the potential neuroprotective effects of TSC in permanent and temporary models of focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Adult male rats (330–370 g) were subjected to either permanent or temporary focal ischemia by simultaneous occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the left middle cerebral artery (3-vessel occlusion [3-VO]). Using the permanent ischemia paradigm, TSC was administered intravenously beginning 10 minutes after the onset of ischemia at 1 of 8 dosages, ranging from 0.023 to 4.580 mg/kg. Cerebral infarct volume was measured 24 hours after the onset of ischemia. The effect of TSC on infarct volume was also tested after temporary (2-hour) ischemia using a dosage of 0.092 mg/kg. In other animals undergoing temporary ischemia, tissue oxygenation was monitored in the ischemic penumbra using a Licox probe. Results Administration of TSC reduced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner in the permanent ischemia model, achieving statistical significance at dosages ranging from 0.046 to 0.229 mg/kg. The most effective dosage of TSC in the permanent ischemia experiment (0.092 mg/kg) was further tested using a temporary (2-hour) ischemia paradigm. Infarct volume was reduced significantly by TSC in this ischemia-reperfusion model as well. Recordings of oxygen levels in the ischemic penumbra of the temporary ischemia model showed that TSC increased tissue oxygenation during vascular occlusion, but reduced the oxygen overshoot (hyperoxygenation) that occurs upon reperfusion. Conclusions The novel carotenoid compound TSC exerts a neuroprotective influence against permanent and temporary ischemic injury when administered soon after the onset of ischemia. The protective mechanism of TSC remains to be confirmed; however, the permissive effect of TSC on the diffusivity of small molecules is a plausible mechanism based on the observed increase in tissue oxygenation in the ischemic penumbra. This represents a form of protection based on “metabolic reflow” that can occur under conditions of partial vascular perfusion. It is particularly noteworthy that TSC could conceivably limit the progression of a wide variety of cellular injury mechanisms by blunting the ischemic challenge to the brain.

Topic: Saffron Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation and evaluation of context‐aware agent framework

Abstract We implemented UPA, a framework for building a context‐aware system which supports a user in the ubiquitous environment. Using this framework facilitates the maintaining of sensor information acquired from various devices, user tastes, and context as action histories, and to follow changes of user tastes and context by acquiring a feedback whether a user was actually provided with suitable content. In the research reported in this paper, we evaluated UPA by using an application built with UPA. We confirmed that the cost of system building by developers is greatly reduced, and that UPA achieves the realistic performance as a framework for building a context‐aware system. We also investigated bottlenecks of the application and obtained insights about the improvement of UPA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(12): 86–98, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20623

Topic: Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Status Signalling by <i>Parus major</i>: An Experiment in Deception

Abstract The ‘social control’ and ‘incongruence’ hypotheses, first put forward by ROHWER (1977) to explain how attempted ‘deceit’ status signalling is kept in check among winter‐flocking birds, were tested under semi‐natural conditions for Parus major. This species signals its social status by the width of its breast stripe. The lowest‐ranked male in experimental flocks, each made up of four individuals, was manipulated in one of three ways: 1) the status signal was altered by painting the breast stripe to make it broader; 2) agonistic behaviour was altered by injecting testosterone; 3) both status signal and behaviour were manipulated. A study of the outcome of subsequent agonistic encounters by these birds revealed that the status of the manipulated individuals only rose when both their behaviour and status signal were altered. This indicates that the ‘social control’ hypothesis must be rejected, but not the ‘incongruence’ hypothesis.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computer modeling of cardiac repolarisation for the analysis of the electrocardiogram

This paper describes the methods and techniques that were used to develop a computer model of left ventricular repolarisation, and the results obtained using the model to investigate cardiac repolarisation and its manifestation on the surface electrocardiogram. We showed that normal T-waves can be generated by the model for a normal repolarisation of the left ventricle, with a physiological value of dispersion of repolarisation of 20 ms. The time course of body potentials agrees with published experimental results. Increasing dispersion to a pathological value of 100 ms, T-waves became symmetric. The model was able to simulate normal U-waves correctly.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SMEs and the Take-Up of E-Business

This paper explores some of the principal issues surrounding the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-business technologies and techniques by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The paper reviews the nature and extent of the take-up of these technologies by small firms, models of e-business adoption by SMEs, barriers to adoption and factors of success, and the major role played by human capital. Time specific issues are discussed in the context of e-retailing. It is concluded that the take-up of e-business by SMEs should be seen in context as a means to an end and not as an end in itself. The paper suggests that the naive preoccupation of governments' policies with the technology of e-commerce and its take-up as a mechanism to achieve economic growth through SMEs needs to be tempered with a sharper focus on how small businesses function; how they identify business opportunities, generate profits and create wealth.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetic intermediates of unfolding of dimeric prostatic phosphatase.

Kinetics of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced unfolding of human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP), a homodimer of 50 kDa subunit molecular mass was investigated with enzyme activity measurements, capacity for binding an external hydrophobic probe, 1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), accessibility of thiols to reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate (MIANS) and ability to bind Congo red dye. Kinetic analysis was performed to describe a possible mechanism of hPAP unfolding and dissociation that leads to generation of an inactive monomeric intermediate that resembles, in solution of 1.25 M GdnHCl pH 7.5, at 20 degrees C, in equilibrium, a molten globule state. The reaction of hPAP inactivation in 1.25 M GdnHCl followed first order kinetics with the reaction rate constant 0.0715 +/- 0.0024 min(-1) . The rate constants of similar range were found for the pseudo-first-order reactions of ANS and Congo red binding: 0.0366 +/- 0.0018 min(-1) and 0.0409 +/- 0.0052 min(-1), respectively. Free thiol groups, inaccessible in the native protein, were gradually becoming, with the progress of unfolding, exposed for the reactions with DTNB and MIANS, with the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants 0.327 +/- 0.014 min(-1) and 0.216 +/- 0.010 min(-1), respectively. The data indicated that in the course of hPAP denaturation exposure of thiol groups to reagents took place faster than the enzyme inactivation and exposure of the protein hydrophobic surface. This suggested the existence of a catalytically active, partially unfolded, but probably dimeric kinetic intermediate in the process of hPAP unfolding. On the other hand, the protein inactivation was accompanied by exposure of a hydrophobic, ANS-binding surface, and with an increased capacity to bind Congo red. Together with previous studies these results suggest that the stability of the catalytically active conformation of the enzyme depends mainly on the dimeric structure of the native hPAP.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predictive value of ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, and glutathione S-Transferase Pi expression for the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

The platinum-based chemotherapy regimen FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) is currently used as a standard treatment for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRINOX is associated with severe toxicities, including neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and anorexia; however, there are currently no reliable biomarkers to predict its efficacy and safety. Several studies of patients with various cancers have shown that tumor expression of excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) proteins and glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTPi) correlates with the response to platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, in this study, we examined the associations between expression of ERCC proteins and GSTPi and the safety and efficacy of FOLFIRINOX in 34 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, and GSTPi expression were examined by immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens and the results were correlated with overall survival, progression-free survival, response rate, disease control rate, and the frequency of grade 3-4 neutropenia and non-hematologic toxicities. We found that ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, and GSTPi were expressed in tumor samples from 64%, 24%, 18%, and 64% of patients, respectively. Notably, there were no statistically significant associations between the expression pattern of any of the proteins and either the clinical outcomes or the frequency of grade 3-4 neutropenia or grade 3-4 anorexia. Collectively, these data indicate that tumor expression of ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, and GSTPi does not predict the safety or efficacy of FOLFIRINOX in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Service water quality monitor including hue and coloration grade

The authors introduce an index of coloration grade for evaluation of service water colour. The principle of the coloration grade measurement has been derived from authors' modification of the Tristimulus Filter Method of AWWA 1992 and JWWA 1993 Standard Method, and it has the advantage of applicability to all colours in the visible range. The characteristics of the hue and coloration grade measurement has been tested in the laboratory using various coloured samples obtained from water service pipes or an aqueduct. Compared with the “colour” measured by the platinum-cobalt method, the coloration grade is more sensitive to various water coloration and close to human senses.

Applying the above stated device, a Service Water Quality Monitor was newly developed and successfully tested at several distinctive fields. It monitors three items, colour, turbidity and residual chlorine which are obligatory in Japan to be daily examined at appropriate house taps. For the field test of about six months without any manual calibration, the accuracy of the hue and the coloration grade has shown maximum deviation of only 2.5% FS compared with the measurement by means of the standard solutions once a month.

Topic: Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regulatory Perspective for the Definition of Probabilistic Acceptance Criteria for CANDU Pressure Tubes

For the assurance of fitness-for-service of CANDU Pressure Tubes (PTs), guidelines and acceptance criteria are provided in Canadian Standard Association (CSA) N285.8-15, Technical requirements for in-service evaluation of zirconium alloy pressure Tubes in CANDU reactors. With respect to the assessment of risk of operation associated with degradation mechanisms and aging of the PTs in the entire core of a given reactor Unit, Clause 7 of CSA N285.8 allows Licensee’s to use either a deterministic or probabilistic method to assess the likelihood of PT failures. When a probabilistic method is used, the Licensee is obligated to demonstrate that the combined frequency of PT failure(s) over the evaluation period, due to the various potential degradation mechanisms, is less than the maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15. The maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15 was developed in the early-1990’s based on reactor operating experience and knowledge at that time, Station Siting Guides and Consultative Regulatory Guide C-006 (Revision 1). A task group was established by the CSA N285.8 Technical Steering Committee to re-evaluate the allowable failure frequencies to confirm that they remain relevant given the current state of knowledge and the additional evaluation tools available. This paper provides Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission staff views regarding the technical basis for revisions to the allowable frequencies based upon current industry practices in conducting probabilistic core assessments.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Testing the Causes of a Levee Failure Using Bayesian Networks

Context: Forensic geotechnical engineering aims to determine the most likely causes leading to geotechnical failures. Standard practice tests a set of credible hypotheses against the collected evidence using backward analysis and complex but deterministic geotechnical models. Geotechnical models involving uncertainty are not usually employed to analyze the causes of failure, even though soil parameters are uncertain, and evidence is often incomplete. Method: This paper introduces a probabilistic model approach based on Bayesian Networks to test hypotheses in light of collected evidence. Bayesian networks simulate patterns of human reasoning under uncertainty through a bidirectional inference process known as “explaining away.” In this study, Bayesian Networks are used to test several credible hypotheses about the causes of levee failures. Probability queries and the K-Most Probable Explanation algorithm (K-MPE) are used to assess the hypotheses. Results: This approach was applied to the analysis of a well-known levee failure in Breitenhagen, Germany, where previous forensic studies found a multiplicity of competing explanations for the causes of failure. The approach allows concluding that the failure was most likely caused by a combination of high phreatic levels, a conductive layer, and weak soils, thus allowing to discard a significant number of competing explanations. Conclusions: The proposed approach is expected to improve the accuracy and transparency of conclusions about the causes of failure in levee structures.

Topic: Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An integrated platform for decoding hydrophilic peptide fingerprints of hepatocellular carcinoma using artificial intelligence and two-dimensional nanosheets

A multifunctional platform integrating artificial intelligence, hydrophilic nanosheets, and MALDI-MS testing. This platform aims to achieve highly sensitive hydrophilic peptide fingerprints for accurate hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.

Topic: Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Use of representational difference analysis to identify Escherichia coli O157-specific DNA sequences

Whereas several important virulence factors in Escherichia coli O157 have been identified, studies suggest they are not always essential and are probably insufficient to account for the severe clinical manifestation of E. coli O157 infection. Identification of putative virulence determinants is crucial to the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and genomic comparison analysis may aid the characterisation of unidentified virulence attributes. In this study, representational difference analysis (RDA) was used for genomic comparison of E. coli O157 with the proposed ancestral strain, E. coli O55. Unique E. coli O157 gene sequences were isolated and one, termed RDA-1, taken forward for further analysis. Southern blotting with labelled RDA-1 as a probe showed it to be present in 77% of E. coli O157 isolates and absent in all non-E. coli O157 screened. Sequence flanking RDA-1 was obtained from a genomic clone identified by hybridisation, and contained an open reading frame predicted to encode a novel iron-regulated outer membrane protein.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Studies on the internal pressure of bone tumors and tumorous conditions. I. Pain and internal hypertension of bone lesions].

Internal pressure of bone tumors and tumorous conditions were measured in twenty patients. High pressure were frequently found in the patients with painful bone lesions while low pressures were common in the patients with no pain. High internal pressure may be a causative factor of aching bone pain at rest. It is suggested that venous obstruction without high internal pressure is not a causative factor of bone pain in simple bone cyst.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Co-Occurrence Network of High-Frequency Words in the Bioinformatics Literature: Structural Characteristics and Evolution

The subjects of literature are the direct expression of the author’s research results. Mining valuable knowledge helps to save time for the readers to understand the content and direction of the literature quickly. Therefore, the co-occurrence network of high-frequency words in the bioinformatics literature and its structural characteristics and evolution were analysed in this paper. First, 242,891 articles from 47 top bioinformatics periodicals were chosen as the object of the study. Second, the co-occurrence relationship among high-frequency words of these articles was analysed by word segmentation and high-frequency word selection. Then, a co-occurrence network of high-frequency words in bioinformatics literature was built. Finally, the conclusions were drawn by analysing its structural characteristics and evolution. The results showed that the co-occurrence network of high-frequency words in the bioinformatics literature was a small-world network with scale-free distribution, rich-club phenomenon and disassortative matching characteristics. At the same time, the high-frequency words used by authors changed little in 2–3 years but varied greatly in four years because of the influence of the state-of-the-art technology.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Writing and Research Instruction for Students with Significant Disability: Providing Accessible ELA Instruction through an iPad App

This presentation will inform participants of studies targeting both writing instruction and studentled research instruction via an App for middle school students with significant disabilities. Based on results two studies, participants will learn about supports to make persuasive writing and research instruction accessible for students with significant disabilities. Learner Outcomes: • Apply a persuasive writing intervention and a student-led KWHL research intervention that incorporates evidence-based practices in their classrooms. • Discuss ways to provide meaningful grade aligned access to ELA skills for students with significant disabilities from diverse backgrounds. • Incorporate technology (ipad) and grade aligned fictional and nonfiction novels that address complex and diverse themes into writing instruction as a means for increasing engagement and access for students with significant disabilities.

Topic: Disability Education and Employment
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transformer-based Neural Network for Electrocardiogram Classification

A transformer neural network is a powerful method that is used for sequence modeling and classification. In this paper, the transformer neural network was combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) that is used for feature embedding to provide the transformer inputs. The proposed model accepts the raw electrocardiogram (ECG) signals side by side with extracted morphological ECG features to boost the classification performance. The raw ECG signal and the morphological features of the ECG signal experience two independent paths with the same model architecture where the output of each transformer decoder is concatenated to go through the final linear classifier to give the predicted class. The experiments and results on the PTB-XL dataset with 7-fold cross-validation have shown that the proposed model achieves high accuracy and F-score, with an average of 99.86% and 99.85% respectively, which shows and proves the robustness of the model and its feasibility to be applied in industrial applications.

Topic: ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study and elimination of artifacts on infant bed-side chest radiograph

Objective:To analyze and understand the artifacts on infant bed-side chest radiograph,and to prevent their occurring to reduce diagnostic errors.Methods:Infant bedside chest radiograph were obtained randomly for quality control.Artifacts with regular shape but different location were found on the above images.Measures to eliminate the artifacts were taken as the followings:Firstly,digital panel,X-ray tube window and collimator were observed to eliminate fixed foreign body;secondly,the digital panel was collimated,and finally,collimator must be dismantled and cleaned up.Results:The machine problem was solved and the image artifacts disappeared after the above measures were taken.Conclusions:It is easy to produce image artifacts on infant bed-side chest radiograph due to low exposure conditions for infant chest and high low-contrast resolution.

Topic: Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences