jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of the transferrin receptor in lipid vesicles. Effect of cholesterol on the binding of transferrin

Purified rabbit reticulocyte transferrin receptors were incorporated into phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing varying amounts of cholesterol. The binding of transferrin to the receptor in the reconstituted vesicles had three distinct characteristics: (1) The binding of transferrin exhibited the two components characteristic of transferrin binding to erythroid cells, a saturable, specific component and a nonsaturable, nonspecific component. (2) Transferrin binding exhibited positive cooperativity at low cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) molar ratios. However, the cooperativity diminished and then disappeared as the C/P molar ratios were increased to the levels found in circulating red blood cells. (3) The amount of specific transferrin binding to the reconstituted vesicles also decreased as the C/P molar ratio was increased. These results indicate that in the reconstituted system the lipid environment plays a significant role in the expression of transferrin receptors.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Threshold effects and inflation persistence in South Africa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate threshold effects in the persistence of South African aggregate inflation data. Design/methodology/approach The conventional approach for assessing the degree of persistence within an inflation process is via its integration properties. This study makes use of univariate threshold autoregressive (TAR) models and associated unit root testing procedures to investigate the integration properties of the inflation data. Out‐of‐sample forecasts are further performed for the TAR models and their linear counterparts. Findings The empirical results confirm threshold effects in the persistence of all employed aggregated measures of inflation, whereas such asymmetric effects are ambiguous for disaggregated inflation measures. None of the observed series is found to be stationary in their levels. The out‐of‐sample forecasts for all TAR models outperform their linear counterparts. Practical implications Given the scope of the study, the empirical analysis provides insight with concern to the performance of inflation subsequent to the adoption of the inflation target regime in South Africa. Of particular interest are the low persistence levels observed at inflation rates of below 4.7 and 4.4 percent for core and CPI inflation, respectively, as both these aggregated measures of inflation play an essential role in guiding monetary policy conduct within the economy. The overall findings imply that on an aggregate level, the South African Reserve Bank's (SARB's) current inflation target of 3‐6 percent encompasses a non‐stationary inflation range and thus proves to be restrictive on monetary policy conduct. Originality/value The paper fills in an important gap in the academic literature by evaluating asymmetric effects in the integration properties of inflation, at both aggregated and disaggregated levels, for the exclusive case of South Africa.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Advancing in silico Medicine at the FDA

This presentation will introduce the role of computational modeling for medical devices, describes OSEL's ongoing research, and overviews how evidence from computational modeling (i.e., digital evidence) has been used in regulatory submissions by industry to CDRH in recent years. It concludes by discussing the potential future role for computational modeling, in silico medicine and digital evidence in medical devices with the announcement of a new collaboration to advance in silico clinical trials.<br><br>

Topic: Scientific Computing and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Load-balanced Routing Consideration with Delay-based RREQ Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks

The wireless mesh network (WMN) is a novel wireless network architecture that puts several wireless routers into wireless ad hoc networks for mobile nodes to access the Internet. Due to the similarity in network topology between WMN and the Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), the routing algorithm from MANET can be adopted to WMN. Traditionally, the routing algorithms in MANET choose the shortest route to build up the communication path; however, this manner may incur traffic unbalanced problems in the WMN. Those routing algorithm cannot fully utilize system capacity. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose a delay-based RREP routing named DRR to balance the traffic loading. The concept of DRR is to convert the factor of node load into the time. Once the intermediate node receives an RREQ packet, an internal extra delay proportional to the node loading is added before forwarding this RREQ packet. Using the DRR scheme, the first replied RREP packet stands for the optimal path that considers the metrics of path distance, path hop-count, intermediate node load, and neighboring node load. In this work, we also propose a new weight assignment scheme in which the node weights are proportional to the exponential of node loading. It is used to differentiate the node in different loads in order to arrive at load balanced routing. Simulation results reveal that the DRR can flexibly spread traffic among all nodes and that it extends the lifetime of an entire ad hoc network by fairly consuming each nodepsilas energy.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease].

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease(sCJD)is a prion disease presenting with subacute or rapidly progressive dementia with a poor prognosis. Asymmetrical cortical lesions with thalamic involvement are found in sCJD cases, which is similar distribution to status epileptics, but the lesions are not observed in the limbic systems, and they rarely occur in the precentral gyrus. Characteristically, hyperintense abnormal findings are more prominent on DWI than on FLAIR and T2WI. 19.9% of CJD is genetic CJD(gCJD), and CJD with a mutation of codon 180 from valine to isoleucine(V180I)accounts for 40% of gCJD in Japan. Patients with this type of gCJD rarely have a family history because of the low penetration rate. The age of onset is usually later, and its clinical symptoms deteriorate more slowly than sCJD. DWI shows abnormal cortical hyperintense signals(cortical ribboning).

Topic: Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards Activity Recognition of Learners by Kinect

Understanding the states of learners at a lecture is useful for improving the quality of the lecture. A video camera with an infrared sensor Kinect has been widely studied and proved to be useful for some kinds of activity recognition. However, learners in a lecture usually do not act with large moving. This paper evaluates Kinect for use of activity recognition of learners. The authors considered four activities for detecting states of a learner, and collected the data with the activities by a Kinect. They applied K-nearest neighbor algorithm to the collected data and obtained the accuracy 0.936 of the activity recognition. The result shows that Kinect is applicable also to the activity recognition of learners in a lecture.

Topic: Human Pose and Action Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
How Many Patients Should a Family Physician Have? Factors to Consider in Answering a Deceptively Simple Question

The ratio of patients to physicians has long been used as a tool for measuring and planning healthcare resources in Canada. Some current changes in primary care, such as enrolment of patients with physicians, make this ratio easier to calculate, while others, such as changing practice structure, make it more complex to interpret. Based on information gleaned from a review of the literature, we argue that before panel size can be used as an accountability measure for individual physicians or practices in primary care, we must understand its relationship to quality and outcomes at individual and population levels, as well as the contextual factors that affect it.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Michael J. Warren, <i>Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations</i>. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 2018, 259 pp.

Michael J. Warren has written an ecocritical, literary study of birds in medieval English poetry. He emphasizes the “real birds” evoked by literary representations. While he acknowledges the “metaphoric” category of birds, encompassing avian symbolism, allegory, and anthropomorphism in verse, he repeatedly returns to the real qualities of birds known in England and represented in selected poems, paying special attention to The Seafarer, the Exeter Riddles, The Owl and the Nightingale , Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls, and the stories of human-to-bird transformations in Gower’s Confessio Amantis, particularly those of Alcyone and Ceyx and Tereus, Procne, and Philomela.

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Global- and Renal-Specific Sympathoinhibition in Aldosterone Hypertension

Recent technology for chronic electric activation of the carotid baroreflex and renal nerve ablation provide global and renal-specific suppression of sympathetic activity, respectively, but the conditions for favorable antihypertensive responses in resistant hypertension are unclear. Because inappropriately high plasma levels of aldosterone are prevalent in these patients, we investigated the effects of baroreflex activation and surgical renal denervation in dogs with hypertension induced by chronic infusion of aldosterone (12 μg/kg per day). Under control conditions, basal values for mean arterial pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration were 100±3 mm Hg and 134±26 pg/mL, respectively. By day 7 of baroreflex activation, plasma norepinephrine was reduced by ≈40% and arterial pressure by 16±2 mm Hg. All values returned to control levels during the recovery period. Arterial pressure increased to 122±5 mm Hg concomitant with a rise in plasma aldosterone concentration from 4.3±0.4 to 70.0±6.4 ng/dL after 14 days of aldosterone infusion, with no significant effect on plasma norepinephrine. After 7 days of baroreflex activation at control stimulation parameters, the reduction in plasma norepinephrine was similar but the fall in arterial pressure (7±1 mm Hg) was diminished (≈55%) during aldosterone hypertension when compared with control conditions. Despite sustained suppression of sympathetic activity, baroreflex activation did not have central actions to inhibit either the stimulation of vasopressin secretion or drinking induced by increased plasma osmolality during chronic aldosterone infusion. Finally, renal denervation did not attenuate aldosterone hypertension. These findings suggest that aldosterone excess may portend diminished blood pressure lowering to global and especially renal-specific sympathoinhibition during device-based therapy.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mucinous urothelial‐type adenocarcinoma of the prostate

A case of mucinous urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a 68-year-old man is reported. This is a rare neoplasm which probably originates from the proximal prostatic ducts or the prostatic urethra. This tumor does not express prostate-specific antigen, in contrast to the more common mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and may be misdiagnosed as a secondary, mainly colorectal, tumor. Clinical examinations and immunohistochemistry may help in the differential diagnosis. Owing to local recurrences two transurethral resections of the prostate were performed in our patient during 3 years of follow-up. He died from this tumor 40 months after the first biopsy.

Topic: Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The activation mechanisms in cytomegalovirus infection].

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus class IgG and IgM and level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the serum were measured in 81 patients with severe surgical infections. In patients with acute lung abscess TNF level was twice higher and activation of cytomegalovirus infection (specific IgM) was three times more frequent than in patients with infectious endocarditis. The conclusion is made that severe surgical infections inducing progressive immunodeficiency create conditions for activation of latent viral infections, cytomegalovirus, in particular). Recommendations on prevention of hemotransmissible cytomegalovirus infection are presented.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exchange rate forecasting and the performance of currency portfolios

Abstract We examine the potential gains of using exchange rate forecast models and forecast combination methods in the management of currency portfolios for three exchange rates: the euro versus the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese yen. We use a battery of econometric specifications to evaluate whether optimal currency portfolios implied by trading strategies based on exchange rate forecasts outperform single currencies and the equally weighted portfolio. We assess the differences in profitability of optimal currency portfolios for different types of investor preferences, two trading strategies, mean squared error‐based composite forecasts, and different forecast horizons. Our results indicate that there are clear benefits of integrating exchange rate forecasts from state‐of‐the‐art econometric models in currency portfolios. These benefits vary across investor preferences and prediction horizons but are rather similar across trading strategies.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

The Noradrenergic Theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the up-regulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test this theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 Controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC vol-ume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD &amp;ndash; a measure which compares an individual&amp;rsquo;s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual&amp;rsquo;s age). Further analyses were carried out on reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic hypothesis. Results showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on upregulation of the noradrenergic system (e.g. attention training, physical exercise and pharmacological intervention) may yield important clin-ical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Vibration of Prestressed Membrane Structures in Air

Including air effects in the finite-element model of large deployable membrane structures can lead to considerable simplification in the ground testing of these structures, by removing the need to carry out extensive tests in vacuum chambers. This paper presents a finite-element modelling technique which simulates very accurately the air-membrane interaction. Results obtained with the ABAQUS package are compared with three test cases, which include a closed-form analytical solution and two sets of experiments.

Topic: Structural Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A new cleaning technique for the restoration of polychrome stone sculptures

The Benedetto Antelami sculptures in the lunette and the architrave of the north portal of the Parma Baptistery were cleaned. A blackish calcium oxalate patina that hid the polychrome nature of the sculptures (painted in oils) was removed with great difficulty. This difficulty arose from the fact that the calcium oxalate was more compact and insoluble than the paint underneath. Traditional methods were used at first, but they produced uneven and unsatisfactory results. Then an experiment was carried out on a small section of the relief using a fine spray of water, followed by applications of compresses containing a chelating agent in a basic solution. The results were satisfactory. The artifact was cleaned using this method, thereby uncovering the whole of the painted surface of the sculptures. For greater safety, the sculptures were consolidated using an inorganic reagent before proceeding with the general cleaning operation.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
O-099 What we know of putative causal relations

Abstract Most men with infertility are otherwise healthy at the time of fertility workup. However, several studies have repeatedly shown that infertile men are at increased risk for developing comorbidities, while the causal links between these conditions remain mostly unclear. Associations between male infertility and comorbidities were specifically described for cardiovascular disease and consecutive death, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases (like Multiple Sclerosis), testicular germ cell cancer and prostate cancer. Many of these studies are based on health records or observational studies, with a diagnosis of ‘infertility’ based on questionnaire data or the review of medical records. As a consequence, they often lack deep phenotypic characterization of patients and do not consider the underlying heterogeneity (in causes) of infertility. Male infertility can be caused by a variety of etiologic factors: e.g., genetic, hypothalamic/pituitary disorders, malignant diseases, maldescended testes, toxic substances. For some infertile conditions, like ‘secondary hypogonadism’ for instance, where reduced testosterone may serve as risk factor for future comorbidity the causal relation is obvious. However, in the majority of infertile men causative factors leading to impaired fertility cannot be identified, yet. Male infertility of yet unknown etiology, i.e. ‘idiopathic’ (semen parameters affected) or ‘unexplained’ (semen parameters unaffected) infertility is likely caused by a combination of common genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. However, the interplay of these factors is currently understudied, therewith diagnostic accuracy is reduced, which leads to a large fraction of pathomechanistically unexplained infertility, and precludes personalised medicine and the identification of a putative shared etiologic basis of comorbidities and infertility. In this lecture I will give an overview on certain known causal relations of infertile conditions and the development of comorbidities later in life. I will also focus on what we currently do not know, and where future projects should yield at. Since an understanding of the etiology of these phenotypic co-occurences would substantiate the putative role of male infertility as an early marker for comorbidities later in life and would allow better understanding of the etiology of infertility. In addition, this knowledge has the potential to develop early preventive strategies for improved health care in infertile males.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Article: The Fundamental Freedoms and the Taxation of Dividends Received by Non-resident Investment Funds: Some Thoughts on Non-discrimination With a Special Focus on Recent ECJ Case Law

This objective of this article is to discuss outbound cases involving investment funds focusing particularly on the issue of discrimination. The motivation to engage in this inquiry is two-fold. On the one hand, the fund taxation systems in Fidelity and Köln-Aktie Deka Funds include requirements not found in those fund taxation regimes subject to ECJ scrutiny long ago. It is of interest to analyse to what extent this can make a difference. Secondly, the opinions of AG Saugmandsgaard Øe in A SCPI and AG Kokott in Allianzgi merit a closer examination. In the case of the former, it is the AG’s unique approach to comparability that necessitates analysis. In the latter case, it is the variety of far-reaching questions raised by this complex case. EU law, comparability, ECJ, investment funds, fundamental freedoms, Allianzgi, A SCPI, Fidelity, Köln-Aktie Deka Funds.

Topic: Taxation and Legal Issues
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences