jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity and Hunger in the Kindergarten Classroom: Its Effect on Learning and Growth

This study investigates the correlation between food insecurity, educational achievement, and health among kindergarten children in the United States. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort are used to analyze educational achievement and physical growth of kindergartners faced with food insecurity. The results demonstrate that children begin to experience the effects of food insecurity even at the most marginal level of household food deprivation. Children in households with any signs of food insecurity score lower and learn less during the school year.

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Life Is a Dream

A product of the golden age of Spanish drama, Life Is a Dream (La vida es sueño) is the masterpiece of Pedro Calderón de la Barca (16001681), a contemporary of Lope de Vega and one of Spain\'s greatest literary figures.Acclaimed for his superb dramatic instincts and philosophical seriousness as well as his extraordinary imagination, Calderón exercised his best qualities in this allegorical play, an exploration of the mysteries of human destiny, the illusory nature of earthly existence, and the struggle between predestination and free will. The story revolves around the moral dilemmas of a Polish prince, unjustly imprisoned by his suspicious father. Against a background of revolution, Calderón builds a dramatic edifice of outstanding theatricality, rich in symbolism and metaphor, expressed in magnificent poetry.

Topic: Early Modern Spanish Literature
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Infrastructure at the G20

Concerning infrastructure, which is apparently a core theme of the Group of Twenty (G20) development agenda, Gregory T. Chin and Zhu Jiejin arrive at rather sobering conclusions regarding the substantiality of the G20's outcomes. While the G20 succeeded in setting up a few useful knowledge-exchange platforms, these did not prove to be game-changing catalysts for new infrastructure investment in the developing world. The World Bank and regional development banks have also engaged with the G20 in several policy processes; however, it is hard to identify what the G20 actually changed when it comes to the former's project portfolio. From the beginning of the G20 summitry, emerging economies advocated for prominent placement on the G20 agenda of (publicly funded) infrastructure investment; however, the Group of Seven (G7) countries were lukewarm on this idea, both for ideological reasons and due to strategic considerations, in light of the potential future financial dependence of the rest of the world on surplus countries (such as China). G7 disinterest lingered, and this is part of the explanation for the set-up of alternative bodies, including the Belt and Road Initiative; the New Development Bank of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa; and the Chinese-initiated Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the limited Chinese effort to push infrastructure during its 2016 G20 presidency. A renewed Australian and G7 interest in infrastructure investment, from 2014 onward, came too late.

Topic: International Development and Aid
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data-Driven Control Design with LMIs and Dynamic Programming

The goal of this paper is to develop data-driven control design and evaluation strategies based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and dynamic programming. We consider deterministic discrete-time LTI systems, where the system model is unknown. We propose efficient data collection schemes from the state-input trajectories together with data-driven LMIs to design state-feedback controllers for stabilization and linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem. In addition, we investigate theoretically guaranteed exploration schemes to acquire valid data from the trajectories under different scenarios. In particular, we prove that as more and more data is accumulated, the collected data becomes valid for the proposed algorithms with higher probability. Finally, data-driven dynamic programming algorithms with convergence guarantees are then discussed.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
P<sup>+</sup>H<sub>A</sub><sup>-</sup> Charge Recombination Reaction Rate Constant in <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> Reaction Centers Is Independent of the P/P<sup>+</sup> Midpoint Potential

The kinetics of the P+HA- (oxidized donor, reduced bacteriopheophytin acceptor) recombination reaction was measured in a series of reaction center mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides with altered P/P+ midpoint potentials between 410 and 765 mV. The time constant for P+HA- recombination was found to range between 14 and 26 ns and was essentially independent of P/P+ midpoint potential. Previous work has shown that the time constant for initial electron transfer in these mutants at room temperature is also only weakly dependent on the P/P+ midpoint potential, ranging from about 2.5 ps to about 50 ps. These results, taken together, imply that heterogeneity in the P/P+ midpoint potential within the reaction center population is not likely the dominant cause of the substantial kinetic complexity observed in the decay of the excited singlet state of P on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale. In addition, the pathway of P+HA- decay appears to be direct or via P+BA- rather than proceeding back through P*, even in the highest-potential mutant, as is evident from the fact that the rate of P+HA- recombination is unaltered by pushing P+HA- much closer to P* in energy. Finally, the midpoint potential independence of the P+HA- recombination rate constant suggests that the slow rate of P+HA- recombination arises from an inherent limitation in the maximum rate of this process rather than because it occurs in the inverted region of a classical Marcus rate vs free energy curve.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Sophists and Socrates

Aristotle seems to be a more objective and sympathetic witness to some particular views of sophists than Plato was. Aristophanes portrays Socrates as a sophist and natural scientist. Xenophon portrays him as a conventionally good man who was unjustifiably put to death. Plato portrays him as a complex, idiosyncratic, challenging genius, full of irony and overmastered desire. Most of the sophists who visited Athens were sponsored by wealthy patrons, such as Callias, son of Hipponicus, the inheritor of a fortune in silver who, Plato says, 'spent more money on sophists than everyone else put together'. Sophistic education, whether it covered music, grammar, astronomy, mathematics, oratory or statecraft, aimed at one ultimate outcome: success. Plato's Callicles openly expresses what many of the critics of nomos were thinking, namely that conventional values have no authority over the powerful; that in reality power is all the justification one needs to do whatever one pleases.

Topic: Classical Philosophy and Thought
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Post-Stroke Depression at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla: Importance of Early Physiotherapy and Psychiatry Intervention in Stroke Management

Abstract P urpose: - The need to routinely screen stroke survivors for post-stroke depression (PSD) was examined in this study. Relevance: Most clinicians hardly screen stroke patients for post-stroke depression (PSD) which impedes rehabilitation when it is undetected and untreated. Participants/Subjects: Fifty patients (22 females and 28 males) at the out-patient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) who gave their informed consent were randomly selected from the patients that had current appointments, and met the selection criteria,. Their age range and mean age were 26 – 66 years, and 54.76 ± 8.79 years, respectively Method: - This study utilized ex-post facto research design. Patients were assessed with Becks Depression Inventory (BDI), the Mini Mental Status Examination tool (for cognition), and Modified Motor Assessment Scale (for motor function). The tests were performed independently by the patients except otherwise stated, and scored on a scale of 0-6. The psychiatrist would request them to withdraw from the test when they become emotionally labile. Data were analyzed using Z-test for proportional significance and Chi-square test to determine relationship between variables, with alpha set at 0.05. Results: - Analysis of the data show that PSD was present in 42% of the patients, and was significantly dependent on duration of stroke (x 2 = 21.680, df = 6, p = 0.001), but not dependent on other socio-demographic and anatomic/clinical variables ( p >0.05). Conclusions: PSD is common in stroke survivors, and is dependent on duration of stroke Implications: The results suggest the need to make screening for PSD a standard routine for stroke survivors. It further highlights the importance of instituting early psychiatry intervention before depression sets in and impedes rehabilitation. Keywords: Stroke, screening, post-stroke depression

Topic: Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Genetic Variation for Biofortifying The Maize Grain

The maize germplasm variation is valuable for breeders to develop elite hybrids with increased mineral contents in the maize grain to eliminate mineral malnutrition, which is referred as HIDEN HUNGER. Therefore, we aimed to determine mineral element diversity of maize landraces collected from different geographical regions of Turkey. There was huge diversity for all mineral traits and other quality traits. Turkish maize landraces showed high variation for Zn (17-41.34 mg kg-1), Fe (13.52-29.63 mg kg-1), Cu (0.77-3.34 mg kg-1), Mn (5.68-14.78 mg kg-1), Protein (6.6-11.6%), starch content (73.3-80.0%), oil content (3.15-4.7%) and thousand grain weight (177.0-374.9g). There were significant positive and negative associations among mineral elements and quality traits. The principal component analysis differentiated some maize landraces from the rest, and these diverse landraces could be used in the maize breeding program with biofortification purpose.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
supplemental figure legends from Acetylcarnitine Is a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;Figure legends of supplemental figures 1-5.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Low-Power Digitizer for Back-Illuminated 3-D-Stacked CMOS Image Sensor Readout With Passing Window and Double Auto-Zeroing Techniques

This paper presents a high-performance digitizer based on column-parallel single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS-ADC) topology for readout of a back-illuminated 3-D-stacked CMOS image sensor. To address the high power consumption issue in high speed digital counters, a passing window (PW)-based hybrid counter topology is proposed. In this approach, the memory cells in the digital counters of SS-ADCs are disconnected from the global bus during non-relevant timing. To address the high column fixed pattern noise (FPN) under bright illumination conditions, a double auto-zeroing (AZ) scheme is proposed. In this technique, the AZ process is employed twice at reset and signal level, respectively. The double AZ scheme not only allows the comparator to serve as a crossing detector around the common-mode level, but it also enables low-voltage comparator design. The proposed techniques are experimentally verified in a prototype chip designed and fabricated in the TSMC 40 nm low-power CMOS process. The PW technique saves 52.8% of power consumption in the hybrid digital counters. Dark/bright column FPN of 0.0024%/0.028% is achieved employing the proposed double AZ technique for digital correlated double sampling. A single-column digitizer consumes a total power of 66.8 μW and occupies an area of 5.4 μm × 610 μm.

Topic: CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mitochondrial ROS Release and Subsequent Akt Activation Potentially Mediated the Anti-Apoptotic Effect of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on FL Cells

Background/Aims: Our previous study showed that exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) could induce transient mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in cells. In the present study, the aim was to explore the possible biological implications of MF-induced transient MPT. Materials and Methods: Human amniotic (FL) cells were exposed to MF for different durations or intensities followed by incubation with staurosporine for 4 h. After MF exposure, cell early apoptosis, cell viability mitochondrial ROS and the level of phosphorylated Akt were assessed. After MF exposure followed by incubation with staurosporine, cell early apoptosis was assessed. Results: MF exposure had a protective effect against early apoptosis induced by staurosporine, which could be abolished by MPT inhibitors, although MF exposure alone had no significant effect on early apoptosis or viability of cells. In addition, exposing cells to MF increased the level of mitochondrial ROS which were released into cytoplasm through mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), and induced ROS-dependent phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of MF exposure was completely eliminated when Akt was inhibited. Conclusions: The present study indicated a possibility that mitochondrial ROS release through mPTP and subsequent Akt activation were necessary for the anti-apoptotic effect of MF.

Topic: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat on pyruvate kinase activity in rat liver and kidney.

The effect of individual nutrients on pyruvate kinase activity was studied in the rat liver and kidney, and experimental results are summarized as follows: The level of the enzyme in the liver increased with the feeding of carbohydrate, and unaffected by the feeding of protein or fat. On the other hand, the level of renal enzyme was influenced by the amount of protein ingested. The feeding of protein led to increased enzyme activity in this organ. The results presented show that there is a clear difference in the response of pyruvate kinase level in the liver and kidneys to changes in the diet.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Estudio sobre el desempeño de las empresas familiares colombianas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores, fren te a las empresas no familiares

The current study presents a comparison between the\nperformance of 84 family business (FB) and non-family\nbusiness (NFB) traded in the Colombia Stock Exchange.\nData for company performance was collected between\n2003 and 2009. One-way ANOVAs were used to analyze\nthe data and a graphical representation of the confidence\ninterval of the values obtained from the sample. The\nresearch focuses on the Resource Based View Theory of\nthe Firm and is based on the concept of �familiness�. The\nresults suggest that (1) between the FB and NFB were\nno differences in performance, (2) between the majority\nFB (&gt; 50% family owned) and minority FB (&gt;10% and\n&lt;50% owned by family) was found higher profitability\nand indebtedness of the majority FB, and (3) between\nthe FB with boards with less than 50% of relatives and\nthose with higher family presence on the board were no\nsignificant differences. This work validates the outstanding\nperformance of family businesses publicly traded in an\nemerging country like Colombia.

Topic: Family Business Performance and Succession
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Bleomycin: Mammalian Cell Lethality and Cellular Basis of Optimal Schedule 2

Experiments on the dose- and time-dependent changes in the survival of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells exposed to bleomycin were done to determine a useful regimen for the effective inactivation of the tumor cells. The experimental results on time-dependent changes in survival of bleomycin-treated cells indicated that two phenomena were involved in the survival increase observed after single bleomycin treatment: 1) The bleomycin-treated cells were resistant to the second injection when the interval between the two successive doses was within 2 hours (induced resistance), and 2) the survival was increased as a function of time when the interval between treatments was prolonged (repair of potentially lethal damage). The effect of the fractionated treatments was then investigated for the regimen that minimized the induced resistance and repair of potentially lethal damage. The results indicated that administration of a lower dose of bleomycin at shorter intervals was more effective than other fractionation schedules, and, on the basis of the same dose rate, the continuous infusion regimen was more effective than fractionation regimens for the sterilization of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation and extracorporeal ultrafiltration method in patients with refractory heart failure.

We studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation in ten patients with acute myocardial infarction (nine in Killip class III, one in Killip class IV; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than 24 mmHg) and of extracorporeal ultrafiltration method (ECUM) in seven patients with refractory heart failure due to acute myocardial infarction and others. Application of PEEP resulted in significant increases in PaO2 and SaO2 and decrease in PaCO2. Significant reduction in mean pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and heart rate was observed, while stroke work index increased significantly. There was a significant correlation between changes in stroke work index and PaO2 after the application of PEEP. The use of ECUM removed fluid of 1416 +/- 662 ml (680-2800 ml) with the ultrafiltration flux rate being 478 +/- 223 ml/hour. Significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge and central venous pressures were observed, while PaO2 increased significantly. BUN and serum creatinine levels increased significantly, and total protein and serum albumin tended to increase. There was a significant correlation between fluid removed and change in PaO2 after the use of ECUM. Thus, PEEP and ECUM are beneficial for patients with refractory heart failure. The mechanism(s) are: reduction in preload due to an increased intrathoracic pressure and a decreased systemic venous return with PEEP, or due to removal of excess fluid with ECUM, and improvement of the oxygenation of the blood.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulating Smart Personal Devices in Restricted Spaces

Smart personal devices equipped with a wide range of sensors and peripherals can potentially be misused in various environments. They can be used to exfiltrate sensitive information from enterprises and federal offices or be used to smuggle unauthorized information into classrooms and examination halls. One way to prevent these situations is to regulate how smart devices are used in such restricted spaces. In this paper, we present an approach that robustly achieves this goal for ARM TrustZone-based personal devices. In our approach, restricted space hosts use remote memory operations to analyze and regulate guest devices within the restricted space. We show that the ARM TrustZone allows our approach to obtain strong security guarantees while only requiring a small trusted computing base to execute on guest devices.

Topic: Security and Verification in Computing
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanism of radioactive iodine uptake depression following intravenous urography

The radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake examination is a standard test for the evaluation of thyroid diseases. For many years it has been known that the results of the RAI are depressed following administration of iodinated contrast media, such as that used for intravenous urography (Williams, 1968; Beierwates, 1956; Slingerland, 1957). The mechanism of this depression is not well documented. It is presumably due to inorganic iodide since it is only inorganic iodide that can be extracted from the blood by the thyroid gland. To study this problem we measured inorganic iodide in bottled contrast media.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effectiveness of Bifidobacterium bifidum in experimentally induced MRV infection: dietary implications in formulas for newborns.

The protective effect of a human strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) against murine Group A rotavirus (MRV) was examined in the intestines of BALB/c infected mice. In experiments designed to determine whether B. bifidum mediated MRV shedding during diarrheal disease, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1. Mice infected with MRV alone; 2. B. bifidum treated + MRV infected mice; 3. B. bifidum treated controls; 4. Saline control animals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of group A rotavirus was used to measure virus protein. Treatment with B. bifidum significantly reduced shedding of MRV antigen (P < 0.009) days 2-10 post-inoculation. The reduction in shedding of virus protein corresponded well with delayed onset of acute diarrhea (P < 0.02). Closer examination of tissue cross-sections under electron microscopy revealed that the B. bifidum ingested strain adhered to the epithelium of the small intestine. In further experiments, adherent properties of the ingested strain were related to enhancement, although nonsignificant, in immunoglobulin secreting cell responses in Peyer's patch lymphocytes. These results suggest that priming the intestine with B. bifidum is effective against experimental MRV challenge. Closer examination of B. bifidum and related growth factors in suckling neonates on gut physiology and enhancement of local immune responses has potential dietary implications in formulas for newborns.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences