jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SFPGRN: spectral detection method of plant diseases based on deep learning

At present, most of the spectral detection methods with plant diseases are based on machine learning, we present a novel approach to spectral analysis using a spectral feature pseudo-graph-based residual network, referred to as SFPGRN, for data in the near-infrared band. The proposed method involves constructing a residual network model using a characteristic surface obtained via natural neighborhood interpolation based on preprocessed near-infrared spectral reflection signal and first-order differential spectral index. The input layer is a pseudo spectral map that is generated through surface projection of the characteristic surface. The generated spectral pseudo image contains a diverse set of spectral features that augment the representation capability of the pseudo-image while retaining the spectral band reflectance information. We evaluated the proposed method on the 2015 spectral dataset of apple leaf diseases and insect pests in China and found that it outperforms traditional machine learning algorithms, achieving a classification accuracy of 93.21%.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Local adaptation of a Lessepsian invader species to winter conditions in the Mediterranean Sea

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In recent decades the &amp;amp;#8220;Lessepsian&amp;amp;#8221; migration caused a rapid change in the marine community composition due to the invasion of alien species from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean Sea. Among these invaders is the large benthic foraminifera &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Amphistegina lobifera&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, a diatom-bearing species that recently reached the invasion front in Sicily. There it copes with colder winters and broader temperature than in its original source, the Red Sea. It is not yet known how (or if) the population from the invasion front has developed adaptation to this new thermal regime. Understanding the modern marine invasive patterns is a crucial tool to predict future invasive successes in marine environments. Therefore, in this study we aim to evaluate the physiological responses to cold temperatures of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;A. lobifera&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; populations at three different invasive stages: source (Red Sea), early invader (Eastern Mediterranean) and invasion front (Sicily). For this, we conducted a culturing experiment in which we monitored the responses of the foraminifera (growth, motility) to temperatures of 10, 13, 16, 19&amp;amp;#176;C + control (25&amp;amp;#176;C) over four weeks. To address what is the role of their endosymbionts in the adaptation process, we also monitored their photosynthetic activity (Pulse Amplitude Modulation - PAM fluorometer) during the experiment. The growth rate of the foraminifera was reduced for all populations below 19&amp;amp;#176;C as well as the motility, reduced until 16&amp;amp;#176;C and dropping to zero below 13&amp;amp;#176;C. The response of the endosymbionts was however different. There was a reduced photosynthetic activity of the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean populations at colder temperatures observed by the lower maximum quantum yield (Fv:Fm) and effective quantum yield (Y(II)), when compared to their initial levels and to the other treatments. In the meantime, the endosymbionts of the Sicily population stood out with the highest photosynthetic activity (Fv:Fm and Y(II)) in the treatments bellow 13 &amp;amp;#176;C (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that while the host responses were similar between the three populations, the endosymbionts from the invasion front population shows the best performance at colder temperatures. This suggests that the photo-symbiosis has an important role in adaptation, most likely being a key factor to the success of past and future migrations.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulation on Semiconductor Device Based on CPSO Algorithm

An culture particle swarm optimization algorithm (CPSO) for solving the large and serious ill-conditioned matrix equation in semiconductor simulation exactly and quickly is presented. This algorithm is constructed by the population space based on particle swarm and the knowledge space. By the example of solving the potential in linearly graded p-n junctions, the method is compared against Newton algorithm and traditional PSO and can achieve high accuracy, velocity of convergence and saving memory. In simulation of diodes, the simulation results are accord with that of theoretical analysis, which shows the CPSO algorithm is applicable and veracious.

Topic: Advanced Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physics-inspired forms of the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound

Using differential geometry, I derive a form of the Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao bound that remains invariant under reparametrization. With the invariant formulation at hand, I find the optimal and naturally invariant bound among the Gill-Levit family of bounds. By assuming that the prior probability density is the square of a wavefunction, I also express the bounds in terms of functionals that are quadratic with respect to the wavefunction and its gradient. The problem of finding an unfavorable prior to tighten the bound for minimax estimation is shown, in a special case, to be equivalent to finding the ground state of a Schr\"odinger equation, with the Fisher information playing the role of the potential. To illustrate the theory, two quantum estimation problems, namely, optomechanical waveform estimation and subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging, are discussed.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>Chiloscyphus chinnarensis</i>(Lophocoleaceae: Marchantiophyta): A new species from the Western Ghats of India

Chiloscyphus chinnarensis sp. nova, an autoicous, epiphytic leafy liverwort, with prostrate thin leafy shoot, closely imbricate, bluntly bilobed leaves in some branches, deeply 2-lobed underleaves which varies in size and cell arrangements, both margin usually with one additional tooth below, and having non-ciliate bracts in female inflorescence is described from the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aggressive Communication Style as Predictor of Cyberbullying, Emotional Wellbeing, and Personal Moral Beliefs in Adolescence

Different forms of verbal aggression are often presented in cyberbullying and are used to harm others in online communication. This study proposed to understand the influence of an aggressive communication style on adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, their emotional well-being, and personal moral beliefs. A convenience sample of 218 adolescents (Mage = 14.67, SD = 0.84, 53% girls) in Portugal responded to questionnaires. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test mediating effects. An aggressive communication style may lead adolescents to perceive cyberbullying behavior as fair, and to decrease their emotional well-being. Moreover, this communication style may contribute to adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, and whether they believe this type of behavior is fair or unfair may determine those intentions. These findings contribute to an understanding of determiners of cyberbullying and the provision of insights to develop school interventions in this field.

Topic: Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Typing by ERIC-PCR: A Genetic and Antibiogram Profiling in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a leading cause of community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and antimicrobial resistance in UPEC poses significant challenges to managing these infections. This study aimed to investigate the molecular types of UPEC using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and analyze their resistance patterns in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, where 65 consecutive E. coli isolates from urinary specimens were collected. Isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted following CLSI guidelines, and molecular typing was performed using ERIC-PCR. ERIC-PCR profiles were analyzed using PAST software version 4.0, generating a dendrogram to visualize similarity among ERIC types. Fisher's exact test was used to determine if specific ERIC types were significantly associated with particular antibiotic resistance profiles. Results: The results showed that 95% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, with 92.3% being multidrug resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin, while no resistance was seen against colistin and tigecycline. The resistant isolates displayed 36 different antibiograms, indicating a significant degree of resistance variability. ERIC-PCR typing revealed 22 unique clusters at a similarity coefficient of approximately 70%, highlighting the genetic diversity of UPEC isolates in our setting. Conclusion: This study enhances the understanding of UPEC epidemiology in healthcare by revealing the molecular characteristics and resistance profiles of prevalent strains. The high occurrence of MDR UPEC and the absence of a correlation between ERIC types and antibiograms suggest adaptability and increased resistance. These results highlight the necessity for continuous surveillance to inform infection control measures and direct targeted interventions against the spread of MDR UPEC.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
COVID-19 and ethnic-oriented shopping

&lt;p&gt;The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) impacted daily life for residents of the majority of countries worldwide. In this this research note, we explore how the pandemic is changing religious-oriented shopping with a focus on Muslim shopping. While supermarkets provided online shopping and home delivery services, Islamic store, as small business, could not opt for such services in Belgium and many other countries. Therefore, we designed and conducted a consumer survey with a special target of Muslim shoppers between April 27 and May 6 2020 in all Belgium regions. We found that despite stay-at-home directives that is effective since early March 2020, Muslims are still leaving their homes to buy Islamic groceries “Halal”. Most importantly, the daily pattern of shopping has significantly been changed, which helped in reducing the density of shoppers in the stores. &lt;/p&gt;

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Alih Fungsi Pemanfaatan Lahan Di Desa Karawana Kecamatan Dolo Kabupaten Sigi

The use of farmers' land in Karawana Village is a breakthrough that really helps farmers in increasing income. This community service activity aims to determine the transition of the function of the farmers' land from paddy fields to corn and tomato plants in Karawana Village, which is very helpful for farmers because after the earthquake and liquefaction resulted in total damage to irrigation canals which hampered the irrigation process to the rice fields. Therefore, the farmers approached the government and were given alkon tools (water suction machines) and the construction of artificial wells so that it really helped farmers, especially corn and tomato farmers, then regarding marketing management of the corn and tomato crops the farmers were able to manage. . This is very helpful in the process of increasing the income of farmers in Karawana Village

Topic: Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hohmann spiral transfer with inclination change performed by low-thrust system

This paper investigates the Hohmann Spiral Transfer (HST), an orbit transfer method previously developed by the authors incorporating both high and low-thrust propulsion systems, using the low-thrust system to perform an inclination change as well as orbit transfer. The HST is similar to the bi-elliptic transfer as the high-thrust system is first used to propel the spacecraft beyond the target where it is used again to circularize at an intermediate orbit. The low-thrust system is then activated and, while maintaining this orbit altitude, used to change the orbit inclination to suit the mission specification. The low-thrust system is then used again to reduce the spacecraft altitude by spiraling in-toward the target orbit. An analytical analysis of the HST utilizing the low-thrust system for the inclination change is performed which allows a critical specific impulse ratio to be derived determining the point at which the HST consumes the same amount of fuel as the Hohmann transfer. A critical ratio is found for both a circular and elliptical initial orbit. These equations are validated by a numerical approach before being compared to the HST utilizing the high-thrust system to perform the inclination change. An additional critical ratio comparing the HST utilizing the low-thrust system for the inclination change with its high-thrust counterpart is derived and by using these three critical ratios together, it can be determined when each transfer offers the lowest fuel mass consumption. Initial analyses have shown the HST utilizing low-thrust inclination change to offer the greatest benefit at low R2 (R2 - R1) and large AI (AI > 30º). A novel numerical optimization process which could be used to optimize the trajectory is also introduced.

Topic: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Off-Grid Space-Frequency Environment Sensing for Next Generation Cognitive Radars

This paper proposes a novel 2-D spectrum sensing method to improve environmental awareness capabilities compared with traditional grid-based techniques. Instead of using fixed angles of arrival (AOA), as dictated by a grid of points, the off-grid approaches allow for flexibility in estimating angle displacements at a reduced computational complexity increase. The recovery process is formulated as a regularized maximum likelihood (RML) estimation, leveraging block-sparsity. The optimization is tackled with a maximum block improvement (MBI) method to estimate noise power, the 2-D profile, and angular displacements. Moreover, two refinement strategies are used to improve the angle estimation accuracy. The method is validated through numerical simulations modeling realistic environments.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
QoS issues in redundant trees for protection in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs

We study quality of service issues in preplanned recovery using redundant trees in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs. In particular, we present efficient heuristic algorithms for finding a pair of working-protection trees with large bandwidth in the working tree. Computational results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms. Many challenging problems remain open.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Il dolore come rappresentazione condivisa. Indagine con operatori della salute all'interno del progetto della regione Veneto "Ospedale e territorio senza dolore"

- For long, Health Psychology has been interested in the cognitive processes which shape the concepts of health and illness. Less space has been devoted to the study of pain and its representation. Adopting a social representations approach, the present paper inquires the shared features of the representation of pain. In a joint interdisciplinary project University of Padova - Hospital of Rovigo, the content, field and structure of SR shared by health professionals (N = 245) and students (N = 163) have been analysed. Data gathered through a free association task to the word-stimulus "pain" has been sub- mitted to correspondence factor analysis and to analysis of rank and frequency. The results have been discussed with professionals in focus groups. The main results show a conception which appears normative, based on "classic" dualisms such as mind vs. body, evaluation vs. experience. The prevalence of aspects of classification, coherent with the diagnostic practice, enhances the importance of formative moments which allow to widen and diversify the span of interpretations and practices relative to the understanding and treatment of pain. Key words: pain, social representations, professional, students, institutional change Parole chiave: dolore, rappresentazioni sociali, professionisti, studenti, cambiamento istituzionale

Topic: Social Representations and Identity
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Detection of Putative Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Blood Pressure Loci and Validation of Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in WBP1L and Hypertension in the Chinese Han Population

Abstract: We have performed a gene-based association study and detected several important blood pressure (BP)-associated genes. In this study, we explored functional variants in these genes by bioinformatics analysis and validated the associations between the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hypertension with public data and our in-house data of 857 cases and 927 controls. We found various functional variants in the BP-associated genes, including missense mutations and phosphorylation-related SNPs. Most of these SNPs were associated with expressions of the local genes. Some of these SNPs were associated with coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke. The associations between 12 functional SNPs in 7 genes and BP were validated ( P &lt; 5 × 10 −7 ). The intronic SNP rs176185, which may influence promoter histone, enhancer histone, DNase and regulatory motifs and showed cis -eQTL effect on WBP1L , was associated with hypertension in the Chinese Han population ( P = 0.0119). Our study detected plenty of potential functional SNPs in the BP-associated genes and demonstrated that rs176185 may be associated with hypertension in the Chinese Han population.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interference as a tool to achieve conceptual understanding of chemistry

Previous research on Multiple External Representations (MER) has found that sequencing representations can increase deep conceptual understanding if interference between internal and external representations takes place. We tested sequencing by presenting scientific and abstract representations to 133 learners with low prior knowledge of the represented domain. Results give insight into three separate mechanisms on learning with MER. (1) A memory (number of ideas reproduced) and an (2) accuracy (correctness of these ideas) effect occur when two representations are presented in a sequence and an accuracy and a (3) redundancy (number of redundant ideas remembered) effect occurs when three representations are presented in a sequence.

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatial and temporal variations of epiphytic Ostreopsis siamensis on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile leaves in Mahdia (Tunisia)

In order to study the spatial and temporal variation in abundance of the potentially toxic species Ostreopsis siamensis epiphytic on the leaves of Posidonia oceanica, two dates of sampling were conducted in the region of Mahdia (Eastern Tunisia) in July 2008 and January 2009. Two sites within each of four stations were selected at depths of 3, 5, 8 and 12 m, P. oceanica shoots and seawater samples at two different levels of the water column (bottom and surface) were collected. Utermöhl sedimentation method was used to quantify the abundance of O. siamensis epiphyte on the leaves of P. oceanica and living in the water column. Our results showed that the abundance of this epiphytic species is lower than those found in other areas of Tunisia. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) of abundance of epiphytic O. siamensis on the leaves of P. oceanica between time, station and site nested within station with depth as covariate showed that spatial differences of this abundance depended on the time of sampling and the highest value are recorded in July. Temperature and life cycle of the host plant seemed to be the important factors responsible for this temporal variation. Linear regression showed a significant relationship between the abundance of this species and Leaf Area Index of P. oceanica. We also found positive significant correlations between the abundance of epiphytic O. siamensis and its abundance in the water column (bottom and surface). These results could indicate a transfer of this species from P. oceanica leaves to the water column.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability Analysis and Switching Criteria for Adaptive Implicit Methods Based on the CFL Condition

ABSTRACT Adaptive implicit methods seek an efficient middle ground between IMPES and fully implicit time stepping. The principal issue in implementation of these methods is the switching criterion that determines whether a given unknown is implicit or explicit. We develop and justify a criterion based on the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability condition. This could also be used for time-step control in IMPES models by indicating the maximum stable time step. First, we analyze simple problems theoretically and find that adaptive implicit stability, like fully explicit stability, depends on a CFL condition. Next, we develop a switching criterion for a black-oil model and indicate how it could be extended to compositional simulation. The CFL-based criterion involves quantities that an implicit Jacobian must already compute, so its use costs virtually nothing. Each unknown has its own CFL number at every outer Newton iteration, so any combination of implicit and explicit unknowns is possible and a given unknown may switch back and forth through time. While discussing the simple problems, we analyze and compare three adaptive implicit methods that have been suggested in the literature. One of the methods yields better answers by reducing numerical dispersion. Also, its CFL restriction for practical calculations is looser than those of the other methods, allowing it to make more unknowns explicit.

Topic: Numerical methods for differential equations
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences