jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
American Politics and Political Science in an Era of Growing Racial Diversity and Economic Disparity

Political science should play a larger role in grappling with the political roots, meanings, and implications of the various levels and unique configurations of class inequality and racial diversity that have characterized the last several decades of U.S. history. I offer some observations about the discipline’s research, or lack thereof, and indicate suggestions about how we might think about and do more in these respects. I will come at these concerns by noting some developments that influenced the present in social and political terms and other events in political science; identifying intellectual guideposts that may help how we think about research issues of our day; considering why race and class are not studied (more); acknowledging how the questions have been studied, as well as noting some reservations about these; and providing several examples from the research in which I have been involved, both directly and indirectly, that suggest how we might or can study these questions.

Topic: Political Science Research and Education
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Market-Based Approach for Partner Selection in Marketing Alliances

The travel and tourism industry has witnessed the formation of a number of marketing alliances in the recent past and these are expected to continue. A critical concern is how should one select a marketing partner. This article provides a starting point for answering this question with a market-driven approach based on customer usage complementarity.

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on the infestation of Red Sea cultured Black Sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus ) with Caballerocotyla sp. (Monogenea; Capsalidae) parasite

The Monogenea (Class: Platyhelminthes,) are common parasites of the skin and gills of both marine and freshwater fish. This study aimed to the assessment of the prevalence percent, seasonal prevalence, intensity of parasitism, clinical and post mortem lesions with an estimation of organic materials in the farm water of infested cultured Black Seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)with capaclidae sp. in a private fish farm in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study was performed on 240 Black Seabream of body weight ranged 250-1000 gm. Survey on cultured marine fish was performed periodically each season for one year. Clinical and post mortem, parasitological, total and seasonal prevalence examination, determination of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in cultured water and determination of physicochemical parameters of water during different seasons. Infested Spondyliosoma cantharus fish appeared with dark colour, suffered from respiratory distress; increase of opercular movements, with opening mouth, abnormal swimming, and flashing. Hemorrhages at the abdominal region, the caudal fins were observed. Scales sloughing with shallow wounds at different regions of the body and congestion of gills were noticed. The isolated parasite is subclass: Monogenea, order: Monopisthocotylea, Family: Capsalidae, Genus: Caballerocotyla. The concentration of organic matter was closely related to the prevalence of Caballerocotyla sp. From the present study, it was concluded that Caballerocotyla sp. (Monogenea; Capsalidae) parasite isolated from the Red Sea cultured Spondyliosoma cantharus fish in a private fish farm in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The prevalence of ofCaballerocotyla sp. was closely related to the concentrations of organic matter (ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate).

Topic: Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cancer Communication and Partner Burden: An Exploratory Study

Journal Article Cancer Communication and Partner Burden: An Exploratory Study Get access Maria K. Venetis, Maria K. Venetis 1Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kate Magsamen-Conrad, Kate Magsamen-Conrad 2Department of Communication, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maria G. Checton, Maria G. Checton 3Department of Health Care Management, College of Saint Elizabeth, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kathryn Greene Kathryn Greene 4Department of Communication, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 64, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 82–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12069 Published: 25 November 2013

Topic: Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
USE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODELS AS A EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR PROJECT RISK MATURITY ASSESSMENT

Řízení projektových rizik má významný dopad na úspěch celého projektu. Důležitost řízení rizik projektu také znamená potřebu nepřetržitého měření a rozvoje v této oblasti. Vzhledem k existenci několika specializovaných modelů vyspělosti pro tuto oblast je cílem tohoto příspěvku zanalyzovat, do jaké míry je možné použít běžně používané modely vyspělosti projektového managementu (PMMM) jako plnohodnotný nástroj pro hodnocení vyspělosti řízení projektových rizik. Na základě literární rešerše a vybrané metodiky jsou podrobněji analyzovány čtyři nejčastěji používané modely zralosti (CMMI-DEV, OPM3, PMMM, KPMMM). Navzdory převážně exploratorní povaze tohoto příspěvku, na základě definovaných kritérií lze tři z výše uvedených modelů použít také jako modely pro hodnocení a zlepšování řízení rizik projektu. Přičemž jedním z výstupů tohoto příspěvku je vytvoření hodnotící stupnice pro hodnocení PRM, a to na základě zákonitostí zkoumaných modelů. Nastíněním možnosti využití již existujících PMMM výsledky tohoto příspěvku přispívají k rozvíjející se oblasti zlepšování řízení projektových rizik jako jedné z klíčových oblastí řízení projektů. Výsledky dále poukazují, že lze dále rozšiřovat využití již existujících modelů.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inhibition of intestinal sugar transport by phenformin.

The effect of phenformin on the absorption of D-glucose and D-galactose by hamster and rat intestine, was studied. Phenformin did not affect D-glucose absorption by rat intestine, but it inhibited at 10(-3) to 10(-2) M the absorption of D-glucose and D-galactose by hamster intestine. The inhibition was higher when D-glucose was tested. Phenformin also inhibited active accumulation of these sugars by rings of hamster small intestine, in vitro; this effect was greater when D-glucose was utilized. The drug inhibits the oxygen uptake in the tissue in the absence or in the presence of added substrate. Phenformin, as previously suggested, does not seem to act as a specific inhibitor on D-glucose transport, but most likely by its inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiration.

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Canadian Association of General Surgeons and American College of Surgeons evidence based reviews in surgery. 20. Small gallstones may increase the risk of pancreatitis; is there a benefit for a prophylactic cholecystecomy?

Question: Is cholecystectomy or a “wait-and-see” strategy the preferred option in patients with asymptomatic gall stones? Design: A Markov model with Monte Carlo simulations. Base Case: Patients with small (< 5 mm) asymptomatic gallstones determined by ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment alternatives: “Wait-and-see” policy versus cholecystectomy. Outcomes considered: In the “wait-and-see” strategy, the individual could remain asymptomatic, develop obstructive jaundice, biliary pain, cholecystitits, pancreatitis or death from other causes. For each disease state, the patient could die or have a full recovery. In the prophylactic strategy, the patient could die postoperatively or have a full recovery. The time frame was 10 years. Sources of estimates for probabilities and utilities: The authors performed a retrospective review of patients at their own institution and used probabilities from the literature. Utilities for various health states were not considered. Results: Prophylactic cholecystectomy was shown to be of benefit only if the patient had the highest risk of developing and dying of pancreatitis (pancreatitis incidence greater than 0.15% and mortality owing to pancreatitis of 7.5% or greater). If the mortality of pancreatitis was 2.5% or 5%, life-years were actually lost rather than gained in the prophylactic cholecystectomy strategy. Sensitivity analyses: the effect of variable incidences and mortalities of pancreatitis were considered. Conclusion: Prophylactic cholecystectomy may lead to gain or loss of life-years in patients with small stones, depending on the incidence and mortality of pancreatitis.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Trace Amines: Recent Overview and Future Pointers

At the 1st International Conference on the Trace Amines held in Edmonton, Canada in 1983, [Proceedings of which have been published Boulton et al. (1984)], not only was the new work up to the end of 1982 described but in addition, the general properties of the trace amines and their identification and quantitative analysis was reviewed. This 2nd meeting held in Tübingen, West Germany covers work completed since then. Clearly everything could not be included and so the organizers have chosen to concentrate on the neuro-and psycho-pharmacology of the trace amines and some bioclinical findings. Not all the trace amines could be included, for example, histamine, the polyamines, aliphatic amines and the classical biogenic amines when present in 'trace' concentrations, were ommitted as was the burgeoning role of the trace amines in invertebrate systems; rather, as in 1983, it was the arylalkylamines on which we focussed.

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Female<i>Pardosa milvina</i>wolf spiders increase silk advertisements when in the presence of silk from courting males

Abstract Female wolf spider silk is known to elicit searching and courtship behavior among adult males, however variation in the types of silk females deposit, the context in which it occurs, and the role of male silk in courtship displays and female responses has rarely been examined. We measured male Pardosa milvina (Hentz 1844) silk deposition while performing courtship displays. We then examined whether female silk deposition changes when encountering silk produced from a courting rather than a non-courting male and compared these conditions to female silk deposition in the absence of male silk. We measured the quantity of three different types of silk (draglines, cord silk, and attachment disks) deposited by females across substrates previously occupied by a courting male, a non-courting male, or no male. Females significantly increased attachment disk deposition in the presence of silk from a courting rather than a non-courting male. Females also showed elevated dragline deposition in the presence of male silk but whether or not the male was courting had no effect on dragline deposition. Female cord silk deposition did not vary across treatments. Courting males produced significantly fewer attachment disks than non-courting males while dragline and cord silk deposition did not vary. We conclude that females can discriminate between silk from courting and non-courting males and increase attachment disk deposition in the presence of courting males. The number of male attachment disks deposited may be one mechanism by which females can discriminate between silk produced by courting rather than non-courting males.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An Improved Iterative Reweighted STAP Algorithm for Airborne Radar

In recent years, sparse recovery-based space-time adaptive processing (SR-STAP) technique has exhibited excellent performance with insufficient samples. Sparse Bayesian learning algorithms have received considerable attention for their remarkable and reliable performance. Its implementation in large-scale radar systems is however hindered by the overwhelming computational load and slow convergence speed. This paper aims to address these drawbacks by proposing an improved iterative reweighted sparse Bayesian learning algorithm based on expansion-compression variance-components (ExCoV-IIR-MSBL). Firstly, a modified Bayesian probabilistic model for SR-STAP is introduced. Exploiting the intrinsic sparsity prior of the clutter, we divide the space-time coefficients into two parts: the significant part with nontrivial coefficients and the irrelevant part with small or zero coefficients. Meanwhile, we only assign independent hyperparameters to the coefficients in the significant part, while the remaining coefficients share a common hyperparameter. Then the generalized maximum likelihood (GML) criterion is adopted to classify the coefficients, ensuring both accuracy and efficiency. Hence, the parameter space in Bayesian inference will be significantly reduced, and the computational efficiency can be considerably promoted. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments validate that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance with considerably improved computational efficiency in sample shortage scenarios.

Topic: Radar Systems and Signal Processing
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Shock versus Gradualism

Economists face severe difficulties when suggesting strategies for the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy in Eastern Europe. To quote Van Brabant (1993, pp. 81–2), 'they know next to nothing about undoing the planning environment and coming to grips with the wide-ranging legacies of the earlier communist dominance in societal affairs'. After the collapse of the communist systems, many economists initially defined the desired economic order negatively and mistook the creation of a market economy for the destruction of mandatory planning (see Wagener, 1992, p. 365). Within this conception, system reversibility is implicitly acknowledged; that is, a market economy is expected to emerge instantaneously — or at least very quickly — by pressing the switch. At present, economists increasingly recognise that the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy entails the implementation and the evolution of new institutions (see, for example, Schmieding, 1993). Some of these institutions can be implemented rather quickly, but others will be the unintended result of long-term historical development. This perception stresses the irreversibility and path-dependency of system development.

Topic: Economic and Business Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Platinum(II)\nDi-ω-alkenyl Complexes as “Slow-Release”\nPrecatalysts for Heat-Triggered Olefin Hydrosilylation

We describe the synthesis, characterization,\nand catalytic hydrosilylation\nactivity of platinum­(II) di-ω-alkenyl compounds of stoichiometry\nPtR&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, where R = CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SiMe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(vinyl) (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) or CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SiMe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(allyl) (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;), and their adducts with 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), dibenzo­[&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;]­cyclooctatetraene (DBCOT), and norbornadiene\n(NBD), which can be considered as slow-release sources of the reactive\ncompounds &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;. At loadings of 0.5 ×\n10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt;–5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt; mol\n%, &lt;b&gt;1-COD&lt;/b&gt; is an active hydrosilylation catalyst that exhibits\nheat-triggered latency: no hydrosilylation activity occurs toward\nmany olefin substrates even after several hours at 20 °C, but\nturnover numbers as high as 200000 are seen after 4 h at 50 °C,\nwith excellent selectivity for formation of the anti-Markovnikov product.\nActivation of the Pt&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt; precatalyst occurs via three steps: slow dissociation of COD from &lt;b&gt;1-COD&lt;/b&gt; to form &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;, rapid reaction of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; with silane, and elimination of both ω-alkenyl ligands to\nform Pt&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; species. The latent catalytic behavior, the high\nturnover number, and the high anti-Markovnikov selectivity are a result\nof the slow release of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; from &lt;b&gt;1-COD&lt;/b&gt; at room\ntemperature, so that the concentration of Pt&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; during the\ninitial stages of the catalysis is negligible. As a result, formation\nof colloidal Pt, which is known to cause side reactions, is minimized,\nand the amounts of side products are very small and comparable to\nthose seen for platinum(0) carbene catalysts. The latent reaction\nkinetics and high turnover numbers seen for &lt;b&gt;1-COD&lt;/b&gt; after\nthermal triggering make this compound a potentially useful precatalyst\nfor injection molding or solvent-free hydrosilylation applications.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Did the Personal Pension Increase Savings in Korea ?

This paper examines the effect of the introduction of the personal pension on the savings rate in Korea. For this purpose, a formal model of utility maximization which shows the approximation of closed form equations for the personal pension and other forms of private savings is constructed, and the substitution elasticity between these two kinds of savings is estimated. The results of the estimation and a simple simulation show that the introduction of the personal pension in 1994 raised the savings rate. However, this increase in the savings rate came from the provision of a new financial asset rather than from tax incentives. It is also shown that reducing tax incentives has only a trivial effect on the savings rate.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of molecular tools for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease that are based on detection of amyloidogenic proteins

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that usually occurs among older people. AD results from neuronal degeneration that leads to the cognitive impairment and death. AD is incurable, typically develops over the course of many years and is accompanied by a loss of functional autonomy, making a patient completely dependent on family members and/or healthcare workers. Critical features of AD are pathological polymerization of Aβ peptide and microtubule-associated protein tau, accompanied by alterations of their conformations and resulting in accumulation of cross-β fibrils (amyloids) in human brains. AD apparently progresses asymptomatically for years or even decades before the appearance of symptoms. Therefore, development of the early AD diagnosis at a pre-symptomatic stage is essential for potential therapies. This review is focused on current and potential molecular tools (including non-invasive methods) that are based on detection of amyloidogenic proteins and can be applicable to early diagnosis of AD.<b>Abbreviations</b>: Aβ - amyloid-β peptide; AβO - amyloid-β oligomers; AD - Alzheimer's disease; ADRDA - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association; APH1 - anterior pharynx defective 1; APP - amyloid precursor protein; BACE1 - β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1; BBB - brain blood barrier; CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; CRM - certified reference material; CSF - cerebrospinal fluid; ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FGD - <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodesoxyglucose (2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-glucose); IP-MS - immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry assay; MCI - mild cognitive impairment; MDS - multimer detection system; MRI - magnetic resonance imaging; NIA-AA - National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association; NINCDS - National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke; PEN2 - presenilin enhancer 2; PET - positron emission tomography; PiB - Pittsburgh Compound B; PiB-SUVR - PIB standardized uptake value ratio; PMCA - Protein Misfolding Cycling Amplification; PrP - Prion Protein; P-tau - hyperphosphorylated tau protein; RMP - reference measurement procedure; RT-QuIC - real-time quaking-induced conversion; SiMoA - single-molecule array; ThT - thioflavin T; TSEs - Transmissible Spongiform Encephslopathies; T-tau - total tau protein.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;In this paper, we investigate a reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment. The primary aim is to study the impact of small advection terms and heterogeneous environment, which is on two species' dynamics via a free boundary. The function &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M1"&gt;\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; represents heterogeneous environment, and it can satisfy positive everywhere condition or changeable sign condition. Firstly, on one hand, we provide long time behaviors of the solution in vanishing case when &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M2"&gt;\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; satisfies both conditions above; on the other hand, long time behaviors of the solution in spreading case are got when &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M3"&gt;\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; satisfies positive everywhere condition. Secondly, a spreading-vanishing dichotomy and several sufficient conditions through the initial data and the moving parameters are obtained to determine whether spreading or vanishing of two species happens when &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M4"&gt;\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; satisfies both conditions above. Furthermore, we derive estimates of spreading speed of the free boundary when &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M5"&gt;\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; satisfies positive everywhere condition and two species spreading occurs.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences