jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking inter-organisational technology cooperation: the link between infrastructure and sustained performance

Cooperative efforts among government, industry, and universities have gown in importance as strong contributors to the nation's technological and economic competitiveness in the global environment. Such efforts include cooperation among networks of government R&D/technology laboratories, industrial R&D laboratories, and universities. The resulting novel organisational formats created to accommodate these cooperative efforts influence the degree to which such multipartner cooperations perform in a sustained manner. A stellar example of the complex, multi-partner cooperative programs is the network of 52 industry-university-cooperative research centres (IUCRCs) established in 1973 and supported by the National Science Foundation. This paper examines the effects of dimensions of infrastructure of IUCRCs on their sustained performance. A study of 87 industrial companies and 12 additional companies which terminated their membership in a single centre over a ten-year period has generated two main findings. Firstly, the decisions by industrial companies to join, remain, or terminate membership in a multipartner cooperation with universities are three different phenomena, impacted on by different combinations of infrastructure dimensions. Secondly, the effect of dimensions of the infrastructure on sustained performance varies according to the stage in the life cycle of the cooperation. These results suggest that complex multipartner cooperations, such as the IUCRCs, may be benchmarked by dimensions of the infrastructure. The contribution of this study is that managers and policy makers in the area of inter-organisational technology cooperation now have powerful new analytical tools, in addition to their knowledge about technology transfer. These tools allow for planned intervention that will impact on membership decisions and improve sustained performance.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Causal Links Between Financial Activity and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Cross–Country Analysis, 1970–1990

To clarify the causal links between financial activity and economic growth, a series of path models is estimated. It is shown that during the 1970s and 1980s finance was predominantly a supply–leading determinant of economic growth. The data suggest, however, that there has been a structural change and that from about 1975–80, finance was far less beneficial – and possibly even detrimental – to growth.

Topic: Economic Growth and Development
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing the Impacts of IGR and Governance Reform for Public Trust in Local Government

The paper tries to assess the impacts of Inter-Governmental Reforms and the Governance Reforms for the public trust in local government. Many scholarly works point out that Japanese local government enjoy higher public trust than the national one. There is however scare solid evidence to support this phenomenon due to lack of long term surveyed data. As Japanese local government has experienced formal decentralization reform in its intergovernmental relations from 2000, and governance reform in its external relations with citizens and private entities, there is a great need to assess the impacts of these reforms for public trust in local government in Japan. The paper employed the US experiences of IGR reform and the UK experiences of local governance reform for the references to assess the impact of respective reform to the public trust in local government in Japan. The finding is that respective impacts of both reforms would be trade-off or mutually inconsistent, and current reforms in Japanese local government would undermine the support and trust from the public, unless reform strategies of both IGR and governance with external stakeholders are carefully developed.

Topic: China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Building Miracles

That interest in medieval theatre and drama has generally been restricted to the academic community is an ironic though hardly surprising fact. As a popular form of drama — one that is inextricably linked with the beliefs and customs of the communities from which it developed — there is no reason to expect medieval plays to successfully transplant to distant times and places. Nevertheless, these plays are rarely successful in a classroom or in the study, where their theatrical values are invariably obscured. Written for the stage, medieval scripts even more than Elizabethan plays require theatrical presentation to be fully appreciated. Indeed, the occasional revivals suggest that medieval drama can provide a moving experience for a contemporary audience. And at a time when the search for viable popular forms has engaged so many of our most dynamic theatre innovators, one might have expected a more wide-spread revival of interest (within theatre, not only academic, circles) in medieval plays and staging conventions. But that interest has, to date, failed to materialize, and on the whole the medieval theatre continues to be the concern of a small handful of scholarly specialists.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Framing the “Human Commodity”: Descriptions of Enslaved Bodies in Purchase Deeds from the 3rd/9th to the Early 10th/Late 15th Century

Abstract This article looks at the way the bodies of slaves are described in 27 purchase deeds dating back to the time between the 3rd/9th and the early 10th/late 15th century and originating mostly from Egypt and Jerusalem. Examining this kind of documentary evidence not only allows a glimpse in the physical appearance of people otherwise mostly marginalised in the sources; furthermore, it enriches our understanding of how the bodies of enslaved persons were legally framed in order to define them as a “human commodity” in valid sales. Since Muslim jurists categorised slaves as regularly tradable, this article presents in a first step the main features of Islamic sales law regarding the stipulations concerning the definition of a commodity. In this first part, I focus on the opinions of the Ḥanafī and Šāfiʿī schools of law that are considered majoritarian because of their prevalence in the regions the evidence originates from. Secondly, I investigate how these regulations were incorporated into the purchase deeds of slave sales. In other words, how and in which categories were the bodies of slaves described? What kind of bodily features were considered as flaws noteworthy of being recorded by the scribes in purchase deeds either as being existent or in the form of a seller’s warranty against them? In short, what kind of description was applied to frame a human body as merchandise? And finally, did these descriptions evolve and change over time and if yes, how?

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Narrative rules? Story logic and the structures of games

Ever since scholars in the humanities have studied computer games, the relationship between play and narrative has been a much contested issue. Much dissent stems from incompatible basic assumptions about play and narrative, which, this article argues, can be reconciled by a formalist approach to games and narrative on a structural level. First, event structures and story structures are shown to be central to various theories of narrative. Correlating these findings with Espen Aarseth’s reflections upon nonlinearity, an understanding of narrative revolving around event logic is developed. Building on the theory of games developed by Roger Caillois, the article then develops a model of games in which three layers of structures are governed by three types of rules. The most abstract of these layers arranges game elements in a meta-structure which is based on both ludic and narrative logic. In a final step, nonlinear game structures are explained within this model and categorized in a typology that orders them by the type of agency players can execute.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Liberal Nationalism and Territorial Rights

Abstract This essay sets out from the strain of liberal political thought which, in recent years, has come to the defence of nationalism, and raises some preliminary thoughts concerning its appropriate application to the very concrete issue of national territorial rights. It asks what type of justifications could be morally acceptable to “liberal nationalism” for the acquisition and holding of territory. To this end, the paper takes a brief look at five central arguments for territorial entitlement which have become predominant in political debates. These are: so called “historical rights” to territory; demands for territorial restitution; efficiency arguments; claims of entitlement to territories settled by co‐nationals; and lastly, territorial demands based on claims of equal entitlement to the earth's natural resources. These popular arguments point towards several potential criteria for the arbitration of territorial conflicts. The paper attempts to outline the morally relevant guidelines for thinking about territorial issues that flow from, or are at least consistent with, applying liberal values to the national phenomenon. It places the territorial aspect of nationalism at the head of the liberal nationalist agenda and offers an initial common ground for discussion (including disagreement) among liberals, and for the mediation of claims between nations.

Topic: Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxypyridinium N‐Imine.

Abstract The enolether (I), prepared from the corresponding dione and methanol/ gaseous HCl, is converted to the hydroxymethoxypyridinium N‐imine (V).

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SPARE: Shortest Path Global Item Relations for Efficient Session-based Recommendation

Session-based recommendation aims to predict the next item based on a set of anonymous sessions. Capturing user intent from a short interaction sequence imposes a variety of challenges since no user profiles are available and interaction data is naturally sparse. Recent approaches relying on graph neural networks (GNNs) for session-based recommendation use global item relations to explore collaborative information from different sessions. These methods capture the topological structure of the graph and rely on multi-hop information aggregation in GNNs to exchange information along edges. Consequently, graph-based models suffer from noisy item relations in the training data and introduce high complexity for large item catalogs. We propose to explicitly model the multi-hop information aggregation mechanism over multiple layers via shortest-path edges based on knowledge from the sequential recommendation domain. Our approach does not require multiple layers to exchange information and ignores unreliable item-item relations. Furthermore, to address inherent data sparsity, we are the first to apply supervised contrastive learning by mining data-driven positive and hard negative item samples from the training data. Extensive experiments on three different datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms almost all of the state-of-the-art methods.

Topic: Recommender Systems and Techniques
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scheduling real-time transactions

Scheduling transactions with real-time requirements presents many new problems. In this paper we discuss solutions for two of these problems: what is a reasonable method for modeling real-time constraints for database transactions? Traditional hard real-time constraints (e.g., deadlines) may be too limited. May transactions have soft deadlines and a more flexible model is needed to capture these soft time constraints. The second problem we address is scheduling. Time constraints add a new dimension to concurrency control. Not only must a schedule be serializable but it also should meet the time constraints of all the transactions in the schedule.

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Segmentation of polarimetric SAR data based on multiscale graph decomposition

A segmentation algorithm of polarimetric SAR based on multiscale graph decomposition was proposed in the paper.Affinity matrix was constructed first to get the undirected gragh.And then multiscale sampling was introduced to encode multiscale graph.Quick and effective segmentation was achieved with parallel algorithm combined with Normalize Cut criterion.Reverse Wishart distance was introduced when encoding the affinity matrix besides intensity and contour parameters.Experimentations with spaceborne and airborne polarimetric SAR data proved the feasibility and validity.

Topic: Remote Sensing and Land Use
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Applying Thematic Analysis to Education: A Hybrid Approach to Interpreting Data in Practitioner Research

Thematic analysis (TA), as a qualitative analytic method, is widely used in health care, psychology, and beyond. However, scant details are often given to demonstrate the process of data analysis, especially in the field of education. This article describes how a hybrid approach of TA was applied to interpret multiple data sources in a practitioner inquiry. Particular attention is given to the inductive and deductive coding and theme development process of TA. Underpinned by the constructivist epistemology, codes were driven by both data per se and theories, through a “bottom-up” and “top-down” approach to identify themes. A detailed example of six steps of data analysis is presented, which evidences the systematic analysis of raw data from observation and research journals, students’ focus groups, and a classroom teacher’s semistructured interviews. This example demonstrates how classroom practice was unpacked and how insiders’ insights were interpreted through the theoretical lens while also allowing the participants to express themselves. By providing step-by-step guidelines in data coding and identification of themes, this article contributes to informing qualitative researchers, especially teacher-researchers who undertake their research in the classroom setting.

Topic: Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Comprehensive View: the Sideco Case Study

In the previous chapters we discussed various specific aspects related to product configuration: the problem of product configuration, configurable products, possible approaches to product configuration, etc. Each aspect was illustrated with examples, but up to this point, we have not considered a comprehensive analysis of all the aspects associated with redesigning the configuration system in a company that intends to improve competitiveness. This chapter presents a complete example of how one company effectively managed to redesign its configuration system. In particular, this chapter deals with: the original configuration process and the problems the company had to face; the project for implementing the new configuration system; the solutions used for product modelling; the new configuration process and its advantages.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
P190 REAL-WORLD USE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AMONG PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE TREATED WITH VEDOLIZUMAB

Immunosuppressives (IM) are often used as maintenance therapy to reduce the risk of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vedolizumab (VDZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the α4β7 integrin, has been approved for the treatment of moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to assess the real-world use of IM therapy and compare outcomes in IBD patients with or without a history of IM use, who initiated VDZ treatment in the US. The Explorys Universe database was used to identify all IBD patients >18 years of age who initiated VDZ therapy between 05/20/2014 and 02/22/2016 (the date of VDZ initiation was the assigned index date) and had 365 days of available data pre- and post-index date (follow-up). Patients were stratified by use of IMs at any point in their treatment history before the index date. Key outcomes in the follow-up period included the use of IMs and the incidence of IBD-related surgeries, hospitalizations, and flares. A total of 567 patients (68% with CD, 32% with UC) aged 44 ± 15 years (59% female) were included. Overall, 55% had prior use of IMs and 65% received tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy before starting VDZ therapy. Patients initiated VDZ at 4.5 ± 3.6 years after initial diagnosis (Table 1). During maintenance, 61% and 87% of patients with and without a history of IM use, respectively, did not use IMs. Among VDZ patients with vs those without a history of IM use, there was a trend of increased flares (39% vs 30%, p=0.034), hospitalizations (22% vs 20%, p=0.605), and surgeries (11% vs 7%, p=0.103). Most patients with a history of IM use did not use IM therapy after initiating VDZ in a real-world clinical setting. The use of IMs after initiating VDZ was also low among patients without a history of IM use. Low rates of healthcare resource utilization were observed with or without prior IM use.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The use of technology in education: Just-In-Time (JiTT) teaching methodology and remote laboratory

Increasingly, society is going through moments of transformation that have consequences for communities. Many of the profound changes in society are due to the growing influence of technological resources and to the exponential advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ICTs directly affect information and communication, but these are increasingly affecting and promoting transformations in educational activity. In this way, our work seeks to discuss two information and communication technologies adapted to education at the University of Brasilia: the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) methodology modified in classrooms and the ongoing construction of a laboratory remote.

Topic: Experimental Learning in Engineering
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quality analysis of the sphere parameters determination in terrestrial laser scanning

A point cloud is the result of laser scanning; in the case of&#13;\nterrestrial laser scanning, the point cloud is composed of points&#13;\nscanned from one or more positions. To register these points&#13;\ninto one point cloud, so-called tie points are needed; these&#13;\nmay be object points (natural targets) or selected stabilized&#13;\ntargets (artificial targets). Spherical targets are often used as&#13;\nartificial targets; these must have their centre coordinates and&#13;\nradius determined. The centre coordinates of a sphere are&#13;\ncalculated on the basis of scanned points on the spheres’ surface.&#13;\nThis paper presents two procedures for determining the best&#13;\nreflection region on the sphere to determine its parameters, and&#13;\nthe procedure for determining the optimal distance between&#13;\nthe scanner and sphere.The best reflection area on the sphere&#13;\nis determined in two ways. The first is based on minimizing&#13;\nthe difference between sphere radii when, in the adjustment&#13;\nprocess, the radius of the sphere is treated as a known and&#13;\nunknown quantity. The second is based on the standard&#13;\ndeviation of the sphere’s centre coordinates at the independent&#13;\ndeterminations of sphere parameters from randomly chosen&#13;\nscanned points on the sphere surface. For each of the spheres,&#13;\nthe best ratio between the laser beam footprint area and the&#13;\ntarget surface area is calculated for the optimal combination&#13;\nof scanning distance and region. For the best combination&#13;\nof scanning distance and region, we chose the one with the&#13;\nsmallest standard deviation of the sphere centre coordinates.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract WP174: Factors Associated With Medication Knowledge Among Stroke Survivors

Introduction: Adequate medication knowledge among stroke patients has been shown to be associated with a reduction in vascular risk factors and recurrent stroke. Yet, limited research has investigated the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with adequate medication knowledge among stroke survivors. Methods: The Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascular Events (DESERVE) trial was an RCT of a skills-based educational intervention in a multi-ethnic cohort of mild stroke/TIA patients. As part of the trial, patients randomized to the intervention arm were called 72 hours post-discharge and asked about their knowledge of the discharge medications reported in their medical record. They received 1 point each for correctly reporting the name, purpose and dosage of the medication; medication knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 3 for each medication. For each patient, medication knowledge scores were averaged across all of their medications, and the average score was categorized as “adequate” (score ≥ 2) and “inadequate” (score &lt; 2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent associations between having adequate medication knowledge and select sociodemographic and clinical factors measured pre-discharge. Results: A total of 235 patients were included in the analysis. On average, patients were able to accurately recall 50% of their medication names, 57% of their medication purposes, and 39% of their medication dosages. Thirty-seven percent had adequate medication knowledge. In the adjusted model, the odds of having adequate medication knowledge was higher for patients taking less than 5 medications vs. those taking 11 medications or more (odds ratio [OR]: 9.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.01-24.88), patients younger than 60 years vs. those 60 years or older (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.10-3.80), and patients who had no stroke history vs. those who previously had a stroke (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.25-5.64). Conclusion: Understanding the factors associated with medication knowledge among stroke survivors can help tailor discharge education plans to maximize medication adherence and improve stroke outcomes.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences