jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Menaquinone as the Secondary Electron Acceptor in\nthe Type I Homodimeric Photosynthetic Reaction Center of &lt;i&gt;Heliobacterium\nmodesticaldum&lt;/i&gt;

The type I photosynthetic reaction\ncenter (RC) of heliobacteria\n(hRC) is a homodimer containing cofactors almost analogous to those\nin the plant photosystem I (PS I). However, its three-dimensional\nstructure is not yet clear. PS I uses phylloquinone (PhyQ) as a secondary\nelectron acceptor (A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), while the available evidence has\nsuggested that menaquinone (MQ) in hRC has no function as A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;. The present study identified a new transient electron spin-polarized\nelectron paramagnetic resonance (ESP-EPR) signal, arising from the\nradical pair of the oxidized electron donor and the reduced electron\nacceptor (P800&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MQ&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;), in the hRC core\ncomplex and membranes from &lt;i&gt;Heliobacterium modesticaldum&lt;/i&gt;. The ESP signal could be detected at 5–20 K upon flash excitation\nonly after prereduction of the iron–sulfur center, F&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt;, and was selectively lost by extraction of MQ with diethyl ether.\nMQ was suggested to be located closer to F&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; than PhyQ in\nPS I based on the simulation of the unique A/E (A, absorption; E,\nemission) ESP pattern, the reduction/oxidation rates of MQ, and the\npower saturation property of the static MQ&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; signal.\nThe result revealed the quinone usage as the secondary electron acceptor\nin hRC, as in the case of PS I.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Syphilis among middle-aged female sex workers in China: A three-site cross-sectional study

© 2016, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objectives: This study addresses the lack of empirical studies about the epidemic of syphilis among middleaged female sex workers (FSWs). The objectives of this study were to investigate prevalence of syphilis, and its potential risk factors among middle-aged FSWs in China. Design: A cross-sectional study with respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Setting: A multisite study conducted at three Chinese cites (Nanning, Hefei, and Qingdao) with different levels of sexually transmitted diseases in 2014. Participants: 1245 middle-aged female sex workers who were over 35 years old (about 400 per study site). Main outcome measures: Unprotected commercial sex, and syphilis and HIV infection were biologically tested and measured. Results: The RDS-adjusted prevalence of active syphilis was 17.3% in Hefei, 9.9% in Qingdao, and 5.4% in Nanning. The RDS-adjusted prevalence of prevalent syphilis was between 6.8% and 33.6% in the three cities. The proportion of unprotected sex in the past 48 h verified by the prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) was between 27.8% and 42.4%. Multiple logbinomial regression analyses indicate that middle-aged FSWs who had 5 or more clients in the past week prior to interviews and engaged in unprotected sex were more likely to be active syphilitic cases. Middle-aged FSWs who had rural residency were less likely to be active syphilitic cases. Conclusions: In contrast with previous studies that reported low prevalence of syphilis and high prevalence of protected sex among FSWs in China, both the prevalence of syphilis and unprotected sex were high among middle-aged FSWs. Evidence-based intervention programmes should be developed and evaluated among this vulnerable population in China and other countries with similar settings.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD 3mVUV #117206.57

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is the Radcliffe wave turbulent?

We use the observed vertical velocity field, of various young tracers of the gas kinematics, obtained by Li and Chen (2022), Konietzka et al. (2024) and Zhu et al. (2024), in order to test for the existence of turbulence. We do so by computing the power spectrum and the structure function of the vertical velocity field. The latter suggest the existence of compressible, Burgers, turbulence. The turbulence timescale on the largest spatial scale is about 500 Myr , implying that the turbulence has been generated 500 Myr ago. The turbulence region depth in a direction perpendicular to the Radcliffe wave direction is about 400 pc.

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hans Kelsen et la sociologie du droit

The Sociology of Law was present in the R.I.T.D. published by Kelsen, Duguit and Weyr since 1926. But this matter was considered the same way it was understood in Europe at that time, that is to say like a matter strictly linked — or in an absolute dependance — to philosophy and legal Theory. From this paper, we easïly understand that Kelsen kept his fidelity to the anathema started against the Natural-Law doctrine. Moreover, Kelsen gave, in negative, good contributions to the study of nature and duties of the Sociology of Law : he particularly helped the further development of a sociology upon the idea of Justice.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Neighbours of the Apsaros Fort. Local Tribes on the Black Sea Coast during the Principate

In the second half of the first century ce , the Romans built a fort at the mouth of the river Apsaros on the coast of Colchis. A Roman garrison was stationed there also in the second century and first half of the third. One of the reasons for fortifying the estuary of the river, given by both Pliny the Elder and Arrian, was the immediate vicinity of the kingdom of Iberia. Both Roman authors also described the local tribes living on the coast between Trebizond and Apsaros and further north. One wonders whether they were the indigenous population of the region and what kind of a relationship they had with the Roman Empire. This study searches for answers to these questions in the preserved written sources and in the archaeological record.

Topic: Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pakistan’s search for a successful model of national political economy

This article examines Pakistan’s search for a model of political economy capable of meeting the national objectives of industrialisation and accumulation of sufficient military power to deter India. It contends that the period of promise (1950s and 1960s) was made possible through heavy subsidies drawn from East Pakistan and the West. The resultant hubris blinded Pakistan’s rulers to growing discontent in the eastern wing of the country while encouraging them to take serious strategic risks against India. The unravelling of this strategy plunged Pakistan into a permanent crisis of its national political economy characterised by underdevelopment, internal and external fiscal imbalances, and a failure to mobilise national resources on a scale commensurate with its national goals. Experiments with socialism (1970s) and neo-classical economics-inspired structural adjustments (since the 1980s) have failed to deliver the desired outcomes and, in fact, entrenched Pakistan’s crisis of political economy.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 20 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Verbesina turbacensis", "Country is Honduras", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 20 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0046173-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Higgs Portal Interpretation of the Belle II $B^+ \to K^+ νν$ Measurement

The Belle II experiment recently observed the decay $B^+ \to K^+ νν$ for the first time, with a measured value for the branching ratio of $ (2.3 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-5}$. This result exhibits a $\sim 3σ$ deviation from the Standard Model (SM) prediction. The observed enhancement with respect to the Standard Model could indicate the presence of invisible light new physics. In this paper, we investigate whether this result can be accommodated in a minimal Higgs portal model, where the SM is extended by a singlet Higgs scalar that decays invisibly to dark sector states. We find that current and future bounds on invisible decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson completely exclude a new scalar with a mass $\gtrsim 10$ GeV. On the other hand, the Belle II results can be successfully accommodated if the new scalar is lighter than $B$ mesons but heavier than kaons. We also investigate the cosmological implications of the new states and explore the possibility that they are part of an abelian Higgs extension of the SM. Future Higgs factories are expected to place stringent bounds on the invisible branching ratio of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, and will be able to definitively test the region of parameter space favored by the Belle II results.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Imitation of Touching Dangerous Animals Triggers Motor Inhibition in a Primed Target Grasping-Categorization Task

The present study adopted a primed target grasping-categorization task and selected pictures of animals as target stimuli to investigate whether motor inhibition influences the motor interference effect of dangerous animals. The results identified more positive P2 and P3 amplitudes accompanied by larger delta event-related synchronization in the dangerous condition than in the neutral condition, suggesting that compared to neutral animal targets, dangerous animal targets attracted increased attentional resources in early processing and that subjects recruited more cognitive resources to process dangerous animal targets than neutral animal targets. Moreover, the results identified larger theta event-related synchronization (reflecting motor inhibition) in the dangerous condition than in the neutral condition. Thus, the results suggested that prepared motor responses were inhibited to avoid touching dangerous animal targets in the current task, supporting that motor inhibition influences the motor interference effect of dangerous animals based on a primed target grasping-categorization task.

Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) discharge cleaning with toroidal and vertical fields on EAST

ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) discharge cleaning with a toroidal field and an additional vertical field was carried out on EAST recently. With the injected ICRF power of 10 kW, He pressure of 10−3 Pa, toroidal field of 0.5 T and vertical field of 0.01 T, ICRF plasmas became approximately symmetric in both major radial and vertical directions, and the removal rate of hydrogen increased by 32%. A comparison of ICRF discharge cleaning between stainless steel and graphite walls was carried out, which showed that ICRF plasmas had a similar effect on the first walls of both materials. ICRF discharge cleaning between plasma shots after a major disruption was studied in detail, and it was observed that ICRF discharge cleaning under a toroidal field of 2 T was effective in recovering plasma performance quickly after a major disruption.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fenestrated Muscle Hook for Retinal Detachment Surgery

PASSAGE of a bridle stay suture beneath each rectus muscle insertion is done to control the eye in most operative procedures for retinal detachment. This report describes an instrument which has proven useful in the rapid passage of these sutures. Two modifications of the instrument have been fashioned from ordinary muscle hooks (Fig 1). In both the tip of the muscle hook was flattened to a thickness of about one third millimeter. In a right-angle model, an oval hole, 2×1 mm, was bored near the tip of the instrument to accommodate either a stay suture or a No. 40 silastic band (Fig 1). Another model with a 1 mm round hole at the slightly pointed tip was designed for the passage of stay sutures only. An S-shaped curve in the shank permits easier exposure of the instrument tip once it is passed beneath the muscle. A No. 4-0 stay suture

Topic: Retinal and Macular Surgery
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Federal Aviation Administration Legal Interpretations - FAA Legal Interpretations and Chief Counsel’s Opinions

legal interpretations and the chief counsel s opinions are now available at this site your may choose to search by year or by text search please note that not all interpretations or chief counsel s opinions are available at this time this database consists of legal interpretations issued from 1990 to the present and will be updated on a regular basis

Topic: International Law and Aviation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Real-Time Digital Video Streaming at Low-VHF for Compact Autonomous Agents in Complex Scenes

This paper presents an experimental investigation of real-time digital video\nstreaming in physically complex Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLoS) channels using a\nlow-power, low-VHF system integrated on a compact robotic platform. Reliable\nvideo streaming in NLoS channels over infrastructure-poor ad-hoc radio networks\nis challenging due to multipath and shadow fading. In this effort, we focus on\nexploiting the near-ground low-VHF channel which has been shown to have\nimproved penetration, reduced fading, and lower power requirements (which is\ncritical for autonomous agents with limited power) compared to higher\nfrequencies. Specifically, we develop a compact, low-power, low-VHF radio\ntest-bed enabled by recent advances in efficient miniature antennas and\noff-the-shelf software-defined radios. Our main goal is to carry out an\nempirical study in realistic environments of how the improved propagation\nconditions at low-VHF affect the reliability of video-streaming with\nconstraints stemming from the limited available bandwidth with electrically\nsmall low-VHF antennas. We show quantitative performance analysis of video\nstreaming from a robotic platform navigating inside a large occupied building\nreceived by a node located outdoors: bit error rate (BER) and channel-induced\nPeak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) degradation. The results show\nchannel-effect-free-like video streaming with the low-VHF system in complex\nNLoS channels.\n

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Throughput Gain of Fractional Frequency Reuse with Frequency Selective Scheduling in SC-FDMA Uplink Cellular System

SC-FDMA is a multiple access technique adopted in LTE uplink transmission. SC-FDMA, as well as OFDMA, can improve system throughput by assigning different frequency portions of system bandwidth to different user equipments (UEs) adaptively based on their channel quality information. In SC-FDMA uplink cellular system, interference arising from UEs in neighboring cells degrades system performance, especially the performance of the cell-edge UE. To overcome this drawback, many papers propose the Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) technique and analyze its influence. However, these studies have different conclusions on the effectiveness of FFR, and the throughput gain of FFR depends on the evaluating conditions. In this paper, we reveal the conditions where FFR is effective by demonstrating the throughput gain of FFR in SC-FDMA uplink cellular system. In order to analyze the throughput gain of FFR, we focus on the performance relationship between FFR and frequency selective scheduling (FSS). From the analysis, the throughput gain of FFR is small because of the degradation of the FSS gain, and FFR is effective when the following conditions are met; (i) the number of UEs is small, (ii) the multipath delay spread is large or equal to 0.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Standardizing implementation of a surgical information system in Danish hospitals--a comparative study.

Implementation of IT-systems in modern healthcare organizations is associated with large, complex, and expensive projects. Purchase of the system is costly, but resources used to implement the organizational changes that follow, can be extensive. In an attempt to reduce costs, and at the same time to provide a thorough basis for local implementation, Corporate IT in The Capital Region of Denmark developed a standardized system-specific implementation concept for use by the hospitals' local implementations of a Surgical Information system. The system has been implemented in five hospitals within the Capital Region. Through document analysis and interviews with the local project managers, we investigated the use and effectiveness of the standardized implementation concept across five hospitals involved. The study shows that total resource requirements and duration of projects are difficult to compare due to different constructions of the project organizations. We conclude that the implementation concept supports local IT-implementations, but parts of the concept are difficult to translate into practice, while other parts are directly operational.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Metics and the Athenian "Phialai"-Inscriptions

Beneath the shining world of the citizen of Classical Athens was the perilous shadow-realm of the resident foreigner, the metic. Emblematic of the status of metic was the requirement to pay a special metic tax, the metoikion. And if a metic failed to pay this tax, he or she would be sold into slavery, a fate that threatened no citizen of the classical Athenian polis. In the late fourth century BC the Athenians, in the face of widespread departure of metics in the face of economic recession and legal harassment, moved to improve metics' legal situation in order to entice metics back to Athens.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
‘Violence against the Earth is Violence against Women’: The Rape Theme in Women’s Eco-Narratives

The metaphorical connection between women and the Earth is a recurring literary trope which is often articulated through the theme of rape. In many narratives the sexual abuse of women is, for instance, equated with the colonial penetration and conquering of the land. Today many women writers have undertaken a plight to subvert destructive colonialist and capitalistic attitudes that have normalized violence against women’s bodies and against the Earth. This essay analyses the theme of rape in the works of three Canadian novelists (Maracle, Brand and Atwood) whose eco-narratives summon environmental justice by retrieving an ethos of respect for the woman-land connection.

Topic: Ecocriticism and Environmental Literature
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Protein and RNA Synthesis in the Skeletal Muscle of Hereditary Dystrophic Mouse

Protein and RNA contents in muscle of normal and hereditary dystrophic mice C57BL/6J-dy/dy were reexamined on the basis of DNA. It was observed that protein and RNA contents in dystrophic muscle decreased at the early stage of the disease, in disagreement with the reported results on a wet weight basis, in which RNA content in dystrophic muscle had been found to increase. Rates of protein and RNA systhesis in the early stage of the disease were also determined with a concomitant check of the specific activities of free amino acids and free nucleotides. The rates of both protein and RNA synthesis (i.e., specific activities of protein and RNA) were higher in the dystrophic muscle, but when they were expressed on a DNA basis, the total protein synthesis per cell was the same as that of normal muscle and the total RNA synthesis per cell showed a smaller increase in dystrophic muscle. These apparent increases of protein and RNA synthesis were discussed in connection with the decreased protein and RNA contents in the cells of dystrophic muscle. The synthesized RNAs seemed to contain mRNA on the basis of sedimentation character and Millipore filter binding ability. However, no particular RNA was mainly synthesized in dystrophic muscle.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences