jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compact Point-of-Care Device for Self-Administered HIV Viral Load Tests from Whole Blood

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant problem to consider as it can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Fortunately, AIDS is manageable through antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, frequent viral load monitoring is needed to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. The current reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) viral load monitoring is highly effective, but is challenged by being resource-intensive and inaccessible, and its turnaround time does not meet demand. An unmet need exists for an affordable, rapid, and user-friendly point-of-care device that could revolutionize and ensure therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in resource-limited settings. In this work, we explored a point-of-care HIV viral load device to address this need. This device can perform streamlined plasma separation, viral RNA extraction, and real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) semiquantitative testing in an ultracompact device. We developed an absorption-based membrane plasma separation method suitable for finger-prick blood samples, achieving an efficiency of 80%. We also designed a syringe-based RNA extraction method for on-site plasma processing with a viral recovery efficiency of 86%. We created a portable device with a smartphone interface for real-time semiquantitative RT-LAMP, which is useful for monitoring viral load. The device uses lyophilized reagents, processed with our lyophilization method, which remain stable for 16 weeks. The device can accurately categorize viral load into low, medium, and high categories with 95% accuracy. We believe this point-of-care HIV self-test device, offering convenience and long-term storage, could aid patients in home-based ART treatment monitoring.

Topic: Biosensors and Analytical Detection
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
System identification and PI control applied to refrigeration system for mango exportation

In the northern region of Peru, the agro-export sector has grown considerably in the last ten years. In Piura specifically, it can be seen a huge expansion in products such as grape, mango and banana. Cooling systems are important for the agro-export sector representing between 40 and 50% of total electricity consumption, so it is necessary to have efficient automated cooling systems that would meet high quality and performance standards.In this article, a model based on transfer function has been identified for the refrigeration pilot plant of the University of Piura and a PI controller has been designed for said model, comparing its performance in relation to the ON OFF controllers currently used in the Peruvian agro-industry. The control variable was the compressor frequency and the controlled variable was the internal temperature of the cold-room.The refrigeration pilot plant of the University of Piura has the infrastructure of refrigeration systems used in Peruvian industry. The experiments were carried out for mango whose conservation temperature is 9° C. Settling time and overshoot were evaluated, between the PI controller and the traditional ON OFF control. The results show a stable temperature control with a dynamical response free of significant overshoot and zero offset between the process variable and the setpoint for steady state.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Computability theory of generalized functions

The theory of generalized functions is the foundation of the modern theory of partial differential equations (PDE). As computers are playing an ever-larger role in solving PDEs, it is important to know those operations involving generalized functions in analysis and PDE that can be computed on digital computers. In this article, we introduce natural concepts of computability on test functions and generalized functions, as well as computability on Schwartz test functions and tempered distributions. Type-2 Turing machines are used as the machine model [Weihrauch 2000]. It is shown here that differentiation and integration on distributions are computable operators, and various types of Fourier transforms and convolutions are also computable operators. As an application, it is shown that the solution operator of the distributional inhomogeneous three dimensional wave equation is computable.

Topic: Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 230694: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 648849: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Long-term fire history from alluvial fan sediments: the role of drought and climate variability, and implications for management of Rocky Mountain forests

Alluvial fan deposits are widespread and preserve millennial-length records of fire. We used these records to examine changes in fire regimes over the last 2000 years in Yellowstone National Park mixed-conifer forests and drier central Idaho ponderosa pine forests. In Idaho, frequent, small, fire-related erosional events occurred within the Little Ice Age (~1450–1800 AD), when greater effective moisture probably promoted grass growth and low-severity fires. This regime is consistent with tree-ring records showing generally wetter conditions and frequent fires before European settlement. At higher elevations in Yellowstone, cool conditions limited overall fire activity. Conversely, both Idaho and Yellowstone experienced a peak in fire-related debris flows between ~950 and 1150 AD. During this generally warmer time, severe multidecadal droughts were interspersed with unusually wet intervals that probably increased forest densities, producing stand-replacing fires. Thus, severe fires are clearly within the natural range of variability in Idaho ponderosa pine forests over longer timescales. Historical records indicate that large burn areas in Idaho correspond with drought intervals within the past 100 years and that burn area has increased markedly since ~1985. Recent stand-replacing fires in ponderosa pine forests are likely related to both changes in management and increasing temperatures and drought severity during the 20th century.

Topic: Fire effects on ecosystems
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<b>Facile synthesis of CdS nanocrystals using thioglycolic acid as a sulfur source and stabilizer in aqueous solution</b>

A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of CdS nanocrystals (NCs) using thioglycolic acid (TGA) as a sulfur source and stabilizer with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous medium. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the product was of zinc-blend crystal structure in a sphere-like shape. The room-temperature luminescence spectra revealed that the emission peak of CdS NCs prepared in relatively short refluxing times (10-120 min) could be tuned from 518 nm to 610 nm, and the photoluminescence quantum yield of the as-prepared CdS NCs could reach as high as 12.6%. In addition, the mechanism of the CdS nanocrystals formation was preliminarily discussed.

Topic: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reactive Scattering of Ions

Abstract Studies of reactive scattering of ions have provided information on collision kinematics of chemical reactions of ions: on microscopic reaction mechanisms, on partitioning of energy in a chemical reaction, and on cross sections of these processes. Reactions can be investigated over a wide range of collision energies and thus the influence of translational energy on the course of a chemical reaction can be studied. Data on ion‐molecule processes are of importance for kinematics of chemical reactions in general. Recent development in theory requires more detailed kinematic information to be obtained from experiments, namely data on CM‐angular distributions, on relative translational energies of products, on internal states of products, and on cross sections and their dependence on collision energy. Valuable kinematic information can be obtained from nonreactive scattering studies and from electronic correlation studies. Experimental techniques and data handling procedures are reviewed. Examples of both direct processes and intermediate complex formation are discussed.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
1098 - CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN FOLLOWING A SEVERE INFLICTED INJURY: A SINGLE-CENTER, RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MALTREATMENT OF CHILDREN

Background and aim The study investigates the incidence of children left unattended in parked motor vehicles in Italy. According to the Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act, this phenomenon can be considered a form of neglect. Compared to adults, children are more vulnerable: infact their exposure to warm environments could result in death from hyperthermia and heat stroke. The explanations could be that children have a high surface area body mass ratio, a less heat dissipation from the center to the periphery of the body and a less sweat production.Methods We have collected data from two sources. The first one was the Null of San Francisco State University , that has been used in United States since 1998, to identify hyperthermia deaths of children, and has been updated the 25th September 2012. The second source consisted in informations aquired from newspaper indexes and news websites between 1st May, 2011 and the 31st August, 2012.Results The study shows that between 1 May 2011 and 31 August 2012, 38 cases of childhood hyperthermia occurred due to abandonment in parked vehicles. We identified 20 males, 16 females and in 1 case the gender of the child was unidentifiable. In 4 cases the children left unattended were 2. In 73.7% cases the children were lefted intentionally in the car, in 23.7% unintentionally, the intentionality was not clear in 2.6% cases.Conclusions The pediatrician has a very important role to play, providing information on car safety and the potential dangers of heat stress.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antibacterial Activity of Sungkai Leaf Extract (Peronema canescens Jack) Against Streptococcus Pneumonia ATCC Bacteria. 49619 In Vitro

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract that is transmitted through the air. Young leaves of the sungkai plant of the Verbenaceae tribe, traditionally often used as a cold medicine, worms (ringworms), prevent toothache by gargling, as a febrifuge. In addition, sungkai leaves are a traditional medicine to improve the immune system of patients with Covid-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of sungkai leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumonia at bacteria.49619 The research methodology used was experimental. This research method starts with tool preparation, sampling, the extraction process, the photochemical process, and further extraction antibacterial activity testing is carried out by disk diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the study of the antibacterial activity of sungkai leaf extract have antibacterial activity in Streptococcus pneumonia atcc.49619 with a concentration of 25% categorized as medium, 50%, and 75% categorized as strong, while in Control + categorized as very strong. Based on the results of the conclusions showed that sungkai leaf extract has antibacterial activity.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
coordinates

Abstract Using a Newtonian model of the Solar System with all 8 planets, we perform extensive tests on various symplectic integrators of high orders, searching for the best splitting scheme for long term studies in the Solar System. These comparisons are made in Jacobi and heliocentric coordinates and the implementation of the algorithms is fully detailed for practical use. We conclude that high order integrators should be privileged, with a preference for the new (10, 6, 4) method of Blanes et al. (2013).

Topic: Numerical methods for differential equations
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gold Nanoparticles in Serum and Milk and Their Effect for Label-Free Colorimetric Sensing of DNA

Label-free gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric biosensors have been widely used for the detection of DNA. However, the effect of the biological sample matrix has not been fully explored. In this work, we investigated the salt-induced aggregation of AuNPs as well as DNA adsorption in serum and milk. AuNPs of 13, 30, and 50 nm were used as probes. The detection was successful only in a clean buffer but failed in serum or milk. Serum and milk exhibited excellent protective properties, even 250 mM NaCl added did not induce the aggregation of AuNPs. After centrifugation of milk, the supernatant did not protect the AuNPs, whereas the redispersed pellet showed protection. The limit concentration of serum to prevent AuNPs from aggregating was 0.04% for 13 nm AuNPs and 0.01% serum for 50 nm AuNPs. In addition, serum reduced DNA adsorption, and the DNA was adsorbed to the protein corona instead of directly to the AuNP surface. These two factors can explain the difficulty of detection in protein-containing samples. This study articulates the adsorption of proteins by AuNPs in biological samples and offers useful insights into the biosensor design.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Acetabular labrum tears: a cause of hip pain and degenerative arthritis.

A torn acetabular labrum causing disabling hip pain has been noted in two patients. One patient had obvious erosion of the articular surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum corresponding to the location of the displaced torn labrum. Excision of the torn labrum fragments afforded relief of the symptoms. In addition, a torn labrum was found in two surgical procedures for degenerative arthritis of the hip. A torn labrum could be a cause of degenerative hip disease where no preexisting condition is present, ie, slipped epiphysis or infection.

Topic: Hip disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Silage Quality, Aerobic Stability, Gas Production and in vitro Digestibility of Pumpkin Waste Silages

This experiment was carried out to determine the silage quality of pumpkin waste with wheat straw (S) and alfalfa hay (A). The treatment groups as follows: 1) 100% pumpkin waste (PR), 2) 80%PR and 20% A (PW80+A20), 3) 80%PW and 20%S (PW80+S20), 4) 60%PW and 40%A (PW60+A40), 5) 60%PW and 40%S (PW60+S40), 6) 80%PW+10%A+10%S (PW80+A10+S10) and 7) 60%PW + 20%A + 20%S (PW40+A20+S20). The lowest dry matter content was observed in PW group (39.0 g/kg). The crude protein ratio in the alfalfa groups were higher than those of S and PW groups. The crude cellulose was lower and NDF higher in the PW group than those of other groups and ADF was highest in the 40%S group. Water soluble carbohydrate ratio in PW and PW60+A20+S20 groups were higher than those of other groups. In the PW group, the lactic acid ratio was higher than PW80+S10+A10 group. In the PW80+S20 group the highest gas production was observed at 48th, 72nd and 96th hours. The energy values of PW group were higher than those of other groups. The aerobic stability of pumpkin silage was improved with hay addition especially alfalfa addition in 400 g/kg concentration.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Variability of nitrogen uptake and assimilation among N-efficient and N-inefficient wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) genotypes

Abstract Ten genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown for 20 days in complete nutrient solution with 1 mM (nitrogen-insufficient), 4 mM (nitrogen-moderate) and 10 mM (nitrogen-sufficient) nitrogen (N) levels, and nitrogen efficiency (NE) was analyzed. Of these 10 genotypes, VL829 was identified as the most N-efficient, while HUW234 the most N-inefficient. To find out the physiological basis of this difference, we investigated the possible role of influx across the root cell plasma membrane in conferring NE by measuring the short-term uptake in selected 10 genotypes. Uptake experiments revealed the presence of two separate nitrate transporter systems mediating high- and low-affinity nitrate uptake. Interestingly, the nitrate uptake by the roots of VL829 is mediated by both high- and low-affinity nitrate transporter systems, while that of HUW234 by only low affinity nitrate transporter system. The study suggests that root uptake rate may play an important role in conferring N- efficiency of wheat genotypes under N-limiting condition. Also the activities and expression levels of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in N-efficient and N-inefficient wheat genotypes showed that nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) play important roles in N assimilation under low-nitrogen conditions.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Data from TLR4 Engagement during TLR3-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling in Dendritic Cells Promotes IL-10–Mediated Suppression of Antitumor Immunity

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising adjuvants for immune therapy of cancer, but their potential efficacy as single or combinatorial agents has yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we report that among all TLR agonists tested, dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with the TLR3 agonist polyI:C displayed the strongest activity in stimulating proinflammatory responses and the production of melanoma antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Simultaneous treatment with TLR7/8 agonists further improved these responses, but the inclusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production. This inhibition was contingent upon rapid induction of the suppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 by LPS, leading to dysregulated immune responses and it could be reversed by signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 knockdown, p38 blockade or antibodies to IL-10 and its receptor. Our findings show how certain TLR agonist combinations can enhance or limit DC responses associated with antitumor immunity, through their relative ability to induce IL-10 pathways that are immune suppressive. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(16); 5467–76. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Paradox of Pressure: A Case of Ceftriaxone-Induced Hypertensive Anaphylaxis Where Collapse Meets Surge – A Case Report

<title>Abstract</title> Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, most commonly associated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Although hypotension is a hallmark clinical feature, paradoxical presentations such as hypertensive responses have been documented. We report a case of a 40-year-old male who developed severe respiratory distress and hypertensive anaphylaxis following intravenous administration of ceftriaxone. The case emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance and timely intervention even in atypical anaphylactic presentations.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Brazilian Northeastern Medicinal Plants against Streptococcus

Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroalcoolicos de plantas medicinais do Nordeste brasileiro em bacterias do genero Streptococcus.
Metodo: As amostras vegetais foram secas em estufa de ventilacao forcada a 40oC, e pulverizadas em moinho de facas com 10 mesh. O material vegetal foi submetido a extracao por maceracao, a temperatura ambiente, utilizando como solvente uma solucao na concentracao 30:70 (agua:etanol). Para determinacao da concentracao inibitoria minima (CIM) foi utilizada a tecnica de microdiluicao em microplaca, contendo 96 cavidades. O inoculo bacteriano foi padronizado em espectrofotometro, com comprimento de onda de 625 nm, de modo a obter a concentracao de 106 UFC/ml, conforme preconizado no CLSI. Foram realizadas diluicoes sucessivas dos extratos em microplaca, contendo o inoculo e o digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% utilizado como controle positivo. As placas foram incubadas a 37°C. O crescimento microbiano foi indicado pela adicao de resazurina a 0,01% em cada poco e incubacao de 2h a temperatura ambiente. A determinacao da concentracao bactericida minima (CBM) foi realizada atraves do subcultivo em placas de Preti, dos pocos que nao apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. As placas foram incubadas a 37°C por 24h. 
Resultados: Todos os extratos vegetais analisados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana para a maioria das especies de Streptococcus, sendo todos sensiveis a, pelo menos, um extrato. Os extratos que apresentaram os menores valores de CIM e CBM foram os de Schinus terebintifolius Raddi e de Syderoxylum obtusifolium Roem & Schult. S. parasanguis foi a especie mais resistente contra os extratos vegetais testados. 
Conclusao: Os extratos vegetais testados mostraram-se promissores quanto a producao de novos antimicrobianos para a odontologia, havendo a necessidade de novos estudos pre-clinicos e clinicos com vistas ao desenvolvimento destes.

Topic: Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences