jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Architecture of Fitness Drives Population Viability during Rapid Environmental Change

AbstractThe rapid global loss of biodiversity calls for improved predictions of how populations will evolve and respond demographically to ongoing environmental change. The heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>) of selected traits has long been known to affect evolutionary and demographic responses to environmental change. However, effects of the genetic architecture underlying the <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> of a selected trait on population responses to selection are less well understood. We use deterministic models and stochastic simulations to show that the genetic architecture underlying <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> can dramatically affect population viability during environmental change. Polygenic trait architectures (many loci, each with a small phenotypic effect) conferred higher population viability than genetic architectures with the same initial <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> and large-effect loci under a wide range of scenarios. Population viability also depended strongly on the initial frequency of large-effect beneficial alleles, with moderately low initial allele frequencies conferring higher viability than rare or already-frequent large-effect alleles. Greater population viability associated with polygenic architectures appears to be due to higher short-term evolutionary potential compared with architectures with large-effect loci. These results suggest that integrating information on the trait genetic architecture into quantitative genetic and population viability analysis will substantially improve our understanding and prediction of evolutionary and demographic responses following environmental change.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Numerical treatment of diffusional phase transformation through fully implicit control volume method

AbstractAbstractSolid state, diffusion controlled phase transformation kinetics with a moving boundary has been quantified using a fully implicit, fixed grid, finite difference method based on the control volume approach. In a departure from the usual modeling techniques for phase change problems, the region undergoing phase change has also been considered as a control volume. A new equation for the interface flux balance has been obtained that minimises the mass balance error that normally plagues the numerical solution of moving boundary problems. The model has been validated with the calculated phase thickness based on binary equilibrium diagram and available experimental data in the literature for the Cu–Zn system and a good match has been obtained. The results obtained by the present formulation are compared with those obtained from the other models. In addition to the improved accuracy of the prediction because of elimination of the mass balance error, the proposed method has the usual advantages of a fully implicit scheme.Keywords: DIFFUSIONMOVING BOUNDARYALLOYSMODELLINGCONTROL VOLUME

Topic: Solidification and crystal growth phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Ophiocephalus striatus Extract on Quantitative Measurement of Biceps Brachii and Rectus Femoris in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation

Introduction&#x0D; A freshwater fish Ophiocephalus striatus (OS) or known locally to Indonesian as haruan, has potentials to retain musclemass of critically ill patients following its high content of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of OS on quantitative measurements of biceps brachii and rectus femoris in patients with mechanical ventilation.&#x0D; Methods&#x0D; This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial at tertiary hospital between July- September 2019. The study included patients aged 18-65 years old with mechanical ventilation whereas patients with chronic kidney disease, paraparesis, or neuromuscular disorders were excluded. Forty-two patients were divided into extract group (n=19) who received 15 g of OS extract daily and control group (n=23) who received none. Quantitative measurements of both muscles were determined by measuring cross sectional area (CSA) using ultrasonography by one radiologist. Data were collected at 1st and 7th day, while the intervention was administered in-between. Independent sample T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate study using general linear model (GLM) were used for statistical analysis.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; The changes of CSA on biceps brachii and rectus femoris muscles from before to after intervention between extract group compared to control group were 5,30 Â± 2,41 to 6,09 Â± 1,81 vs. 5,16 Â± 2,50 to 4,16 Â± 1,94 (p=0.002) and 2,45 (1,10 â€“ 5,90) to 3,47 (1,13 â€“ 8,18) vs 3,85 (1,09 â€“ 9,06) to 2,78 (1,06 â€“ 7,27) (p=0.230), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between extract and control group for both muscles with p value of &lt;0.001 and 0.001 respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Supplementation of Ophiocephalus striatus extract was associated with a significant increase of biceps brachii and rectus femoris CSA in patients with mechanical ventilation.&#x0D; Keywords: Ophiocephalus striatus, ultrasonography, cross sectional area, biceps brachii muscle, rectus femoris muscle

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Measure of Perceived Adherence to the Principles of Medical Ethics in Clinical Educational Settings: Trainee Version (PAMETHIC-CLIN-T)

Arezoo Toupchian,1 Parvin Sarbakhsh,2 Reza Ghaffari,1 Abdolhassan Kazemi,3 Hassan Mahmoodi,4 Abdolreza Shaghaghi1 1Medical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranCorrespondence: Abdolreza ShaghaghiMedical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51665-417, IranEmail shaghaghir@tbzmed.ac.irObjective: This study was conducted to develop and assess psychometric properties of the &amp;amp;ldquo;Measure of Perceived Adherence to the Principles of Medical Ethics in Clinical Educational Settings: trainee version (PAMETHIC-CLIN-T)&amp;amp;rdquo; as a data collection tool to enhance research performance rigor in future medical ethics studies.Patients and Methods: A multi-tiered six stage procedure was applied to develop the PAMETHIC-CLIN-T and assess its psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian medical science undergraduate students (n=263). The final constructed item pool contained 16 questions with the response options in five Likert-type categories. The higher total score indicated better compliance with the ethics and professional conduct regulations. Internal consistency reliability was examined and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with direct oblimin rotation and principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out to reduce the overall constructed items into latent factors based on commonalities within the data set.Findings: Factor analysis results revealed a 4-factor solution. All 16 items had factor loading greater than absolute value of 0.3 that accounted for 60.57% of the variance. The value of Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for factor analysis (0.909) and also Bartlett&amp;amp;rsquo;s test of sphericity (X2=1630.63, df=120, P-value&amp;amp;lt; 0.001) approved interpretability of the EFA output.Conclusion: Feasibility testing and psychometric analysis of the constructed scale yielded research evidence to support a four-factor model to be applied in future studies about the extent of perceived adherence to the principles of medical ethics in clinical educational settings.Keywords: ethics, medical education, hidden curriculum

Topic: Ethics in medical practice
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Toward Repairing the Social Fabric

On a recent Saturday on an empty lot in the West End of Providence, young people, families, neighborhood business owners, and concert-goers gathered for a musical event that grew out of a two-year research and oral history project about the history of the land where Community MusicWorks plans to build its future building. In a festival-like atmosphere, a Native American drumming group performed and offered an opening blessing, a Dominican spoken word artist performed a poem about his experience growing up in the neighborhood and witnessing gentrification and change, an elder from the Hmong Church, dressed in traditional costume, sang a mournful song about a bride's sorrow leaving home to join a new family. Community MusicWorks is premised on the idea that musicians can make work in the world as performers and educators rooted in the life of a community and woven into the fabric of a community's daily rituals.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Marketing Communication and Reputation Building of Leading European Oil and Gas Companies on Instagram

The overall transition towards a low-carbon economy is expected to pose a solution for several global problems, including the ongoing climate change while ensuring economic and social development. Large oil and gas companies are aware of the need to transform their business, turn to renewable and clean energy sources to build a positive image and reputation, and have the economic power to do so. This paper aims to evaluate the marketing communication of leading European oil and gas companies on their Instagram accounts in the context of reputation building through using social media and identify to what extent the companies reflect the environmental aspects of corporate social responsibility. Content analysis and the Social Blade tool were used to examine the marketing communication of the five biggest companies by revenue. All the companies are active on Instagram, but it has been found that the Russian companies have remained inactive and have even been losing followers since March 2022, when the war conflict in Ukraine started. Surprisingly, Shell uploaded only a few posts during the reference period but is recognized as the company achieving the highest social media effectiveness. Although all observed oil and gas companies continue their business as usual, they incorporate and communicate efforts to support the development of electromobility, clean and renewable energy projects, as well as ecological projects.

Topic: Public Relations and Crisis Communication
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Strategies for Continuous Processing in Microbial Systems

Microbial systems play a fundamental role in all parts of biotechnology in a multitude of industrially used processes. Continuous cultivations are referred to increase the time–space yield (TSY) of many processes and provide optimal usage of installed assets. More important than batch definition is the application of the quality-by-design context to continuous processing. For continuous processing, time-variant interrelations between critical process parameters and critical quality attributes must be transformed into a control concept. The golden standard in recombinant protein production is batch and fed-batch cultivations. Retentostat cultivation used a retention device to maintain a controlled number of cells in the cultivation device. Mass balancing can be perfectly used to highlight benefits of a continuous system in favor of the classical fed-batch approach. Phenotypic diversification of cell population is driven by the stochasticity of the intracellular biochemical reactions. Continuous systems have a huge opportunity to exceed the TSY of time-dependent cultivations.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Music in Early Twentieth-Century Istanbul

This study addresses the social history of music in early twentieth-century Ottoman Istanbul. The paper argues that private music schools were at the center of transformations in music and that their history is profoundly related to the political crises the Ottoman state experienced after the turn of the twentieth century. More precisely, by approaching the Ottoman bureaucracy from a musical perspective, the paper tries to link the reorganization of the Ottoman bureaucracy in 1909 with the emergence of private music schools in Istanbul. To explore the process, the paper follows some official functionaries’ career paths to explain their concentration in these schools. In contrast to conventional historiography, the aim is to emphasise that out of the political crises, private music schools emerged as a new ground in music. By paying limited attention to musical aspects, the study will mainly address the social roles these schools occupied in Ottoman urban life. They were practically social organizations, whose members pursued common goals. Collective action, such a fundamental shift of mindset on the part of the musicians, facilitated the advancement of the status of musicians in Ottoman urban society and decreased uncertainty about the future of the profession. Moreover, the institutional identity provided by the schools changed the place of women in music by increasing their visibility as music teachers and performers.

Topic: Diverse Musicological Studies
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Adenovirus E1B 19-Kilodalton Protein Stimulates Gene Expression by Increasing DNA Levels

In transient expression assays, the adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton (19K) tumor antigen increases expression from viral promoters and the promoter for the cellular 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp70). To study the mechanism of this effect, we constructed HeLa cell lines that contain stably integrated copies of the 19K gene. Compared with a 19K- control cell line, 19K+ cells produced a significantly higher level of expression from every promoter introduced into the cells by transfection. The 19K protein also increased expression of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed gene but did not affect the level of expression of the endogenous hsp70 gene. The rate of transcription from transfected promoters, as measured by a nuclear run-on assay, was higher in the 19K+ cells than in the 19K- control cells. Furthermore, the level of plasmid DNA remained higher in the 19K+ cell line, suggesting that the 19K protein stabilizes transfected plasmid DNA. The elevated DNA levels seemed to account in full for the increased transcription. The role of the 19K protein in increasing gene expression during viral infection was found to be due to a replication-dependent increase in viral DNA levels. Thus, the 19K protein activates transcription indirectly by producing a higher level of viral or plasmid DNA. The DNA stabilization function of the 19K protein is probably related to the protective role of the 19K protein during viral infection and represents the first example of a viral oncogene product that modulates gene expression by regulating viral and plasmid DNA levels.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Methods in heritage language research: Reflections from the 14th Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA)

This introductory paper by the WILA 14 conference organizers introduces the WILA 14 conference theme, “Methods”, and serves as an overview of methods currently used in heritage language research, a discussion of methodological consideration necessary for conducting research, and includes suggestions and food for thought for both novice and experienced heritage language researchers. Discussions regarding methods and methodological choices from WILA 14 have been incorporated into this paper, and examples are drawn from the papers contained in this volume.

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluate the fresh and Post Thawing Quality of Holstein Friesian Bull semen

TThe study was carried out during the yearr 2017 to determine the fresh and post-thaw quality of four Holstein Friesian bulls. Semen samples were examined for ejaculate volume, pH, mass activity, sperm concentration and sperm motility and sperm membrane integrity (HOST). The ejaculated semen volume of Holstein Friesian bulls was in the range of 6-8ml and differences in ejaculates were significant (P<0.01). The volume was significantly (P<0.05) higher (7.75ml) when collected on 5th July, slightly decrease in volume (7.25ml) when collected on 12th May and 26th July. Semen pH was higher (6.65) for 26th July ejaculation and lowest (6.55ml) for 24th May ejaculation. The results indicated that the semen of Holstein Friesian bulls did not have considerable variation in pH during May – July. Most of the semen samples were creamy white and yellow in colour, while few samples were milky white and watery. Mass activity score of semen samples indicated vigorous movement with moderate rapid waves and eddies. The sperm motility of fresh vs post-thaw semen was obtained 72.80 vs 48.75 percent (12th May), 75.00 vs 48.75 percent (24th May), 76.25 vs 55.00 percent (2nd June), 73.75 vs 52.50 percent (21st June), 75.00 vs 56.25 (5th July) and 75.00 vs 50.00 percent (26th July). In case of post-thaw semen, highest sperm motility of 56.25 percent was recorded in semen ejaculated on 5th July, while lowest post-thaw sperm motility of 48.75 percent was observed in semen ejaculated on 12th May and 24th May. Highest sperm concentration of 1549.75x106 was determined in semen ejaculated on 21.06.2017 and lowest concentration (1259.50x106) in 26.07.2017 collected samples. It was concluded that sperm motility was significantly (P<0.01) affected by semen types (fresh and post-thaw), while sperm concentration was also significantly (P<0.01) affected by ejaculation date and bulls. The membrane integrity (HOST) of the pooled data on fresh semen samples over a period of three months was 58.37 percent against post-thaw membrane integrity of 44.79 percent.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DATABASES FOR HIGHWAY INVENTORIES. PROPOSAL FOR A NEW MODEL

Database models for highway inventories are based on classical schemes for relational databases: many related tables, in which the database designer establishes, a priori, every detail that they consider relevant for inventory management. This kind of database presents several problems. First, adapting the model and its applications when new database features appear is difficult. In addition, the different needs of different sets of road inventory users are difficult to fulfil with these schemes. For example, maintenance management services, road authorities and emergency services have different needs. In addition, this kind of database cannot be adapted to new scenarios, such as other countries and regions (that may classify roads or name certain elements differently). The problem is more complex if the language used in these scenarios is not the same as that used in the database design. In addition, technicians need a long time to learn to use the database efficiently. This paper proposes a flexible, multilanguage and multipurpose database model, which gives an effective and simple solution to the aforementioned problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3616

Topic: Data Management and Algorithms
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PET imaging of microglia by targeting macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)

Significance [ 11 C]CPPC [5-cyano- N -(4-(4-[ 11 C]methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide] is a PET radiotracer specific for CSF1R, a microglia-specific marker. This compound can be used as a noninvasive tool for imaging of reactive microglia, disease-associated microglia and their contribution to neuroinflammation in vivo. Neuroinflammation is posited to be an underlying pathogenic feature of a wide variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. [ 11 C]CPPC may also be used to study specifically the immune environment of malignancies of the central nervous system and to monitor potential adverse neuroinflammatory effects of immunotherapy for peripheral malignancies. This PET agent will be valuable in the development of new therapeutics for neuroinflammation, particularly those targeting CSF1R, not only by providing a noninvasive, repeatable readout in patients but also by enabling measurement of drug target engagement.

Topic: Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
TRIPLE THERAPY COMBINED WITH ACCELERATED RECOVERY STRATEGY CAN IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATION.

This study demonstrates that the combination of PT-OT-ST triple therapy with an accelerated recovery strategy is effective in pulmonary rehabilitation for elderly patients on mechanical ventilation.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The birth of Buddhist politics of religious freedom in Myanmar

Given the long history of discrimination and violence against religious and ethnic minorities in Myanmar, international and transnational actors have engaged to address injustice and suffering. These 'expert' actors carry with them a particular understanding of religion and of religious freedom, often emphasizing the right to proselytize and to change one's religion, or the right to freely associate in religious buildings. These actors engage in a Burmese landscape of domestic expert actors who might or might not share their concerns, creating a myriad of entanglements of 'expert religion' in the field of religious freedom, religious minority rights and interreligious relations. In the years 2013–2015 this diverse landscape came to be dominated by the Buddhist group MaBaTha and its campaign for four laws 'to protect race and religion' against the perceived 'islamization' of Myanmar. This article investigates ideas of religious freedom by looking at MaBaTha draft laws and the final 2015 legislation, considering how a 'Buddhist politics of religious freedom' became a tool to protect Buddhism from the perceived dangers posed by Islam.

Topic: Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Simulations of Radon Transport in Porous Media

In this work, an efficient algorithm, using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique, is proposed for modeling the variation of radon concentration as a function of soil structure parameters and vice versa. The development of the FDTD model is based on the simultaneous resolution of the radon transport equation in a porous, homogeneous medium, namely the soil. This equation describes the concentration of radon per pore volume unit. The numerical results are compared with those of the literature or with the theoretical ones.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences