jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why Did You Not Act on Our Suggestion? Regulatory and Growth-Oriented Opportunities During Ethical Review: A Case Study

In Australia, before conducting research with human participants, researchers must have their research plan reviewed by a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) to ensure that proposed methods meet ethical requirements and protect the welfare of participants. In addition, it has been proposed that HRECs can contribute to a novice researcher’s ethical mindfulness. To explore this suggestion, the current self-reflective case study examines the dialogue between a PhD candidate and the HREC that reviewed his proposed study of family bereavement in the context of the potential for organ donation. Findings suggest that when a respectful, problem-solving attitude is adopted by both parties, a learning environment evolves where diverse views, differences of opinion, and novel solutions are tolerated. In this context, the research plan is improved and the novice researcher’s ability to apply research ethics is developed. Simultaneously, members of the HREC gain practice in the identification of ethical dilemmas and the application of ethical principles that help resolve those dilemmas.

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
LL-37 Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Alleviating Inflammatory Response and Epithelial Cell Oxidative Injury via ZBP1-Mediated Autophagy

Background: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease constituting a heavy burden on society due to high mortality and morbidity. Inflammation and oxidative stress constitute key pathological mechanisms in ALI caused by sepsis. LL-37 can improve the survival of septic mice. Nevertheless, its function and underlying mechanism in sepsis-evoked ALI is elusive. Methods: The human A549 alveolar epithelial cell line was treated with LL-37 or ZBP1 recombinant vector under LPS exposure. Then, the effects on cell oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and autophagy were analyzed. RNA-seq analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LPS and LPS/LL-37 groups. Furthermore, the effects of LL-37 on cecal ligation and the puncture (CLP)-constructed ALI model were explored. Results: LL-37 attenuated LPS-evoked oxidative injury in human alveolar epithelial cells by increasing cell viability and suppressing ROS, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis. Moreover, LPS-induced releases of pro-inflammatory IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-1β were suppressed by LL-37. Furthermore, LPS’s impairment of autophagy was reversed by LL-37. RNA-seq analysis substantiated 1350 differentially expressed genes between the LPS and LPS/LL-37 groups. Among them was ZBP1, a significantly down-regulated gene with the largest fold change. Moreover, LL-37 suppressed LPS-increased ZBP1 expression. Importantly, ZBP1 elevation restrained LL-37-induced autophagy in LPS-treated cells and abrogated LL-37-mediated protection against LPS-evoked oxidative injury and inflammation. LL-37 ameliorated abnormal histopathological changes, tissue edema, the lung injury score, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), and glycemia contents in the CLP-constructed ALI model, which were offset through ZBP1 elevation via its activator CBL0137. Additionally, LL-37 suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissues, concomitant with autophagy elevation and ZBP1 down-regulation. Conclusions: LL-37 may alleviate the progression of sepsis-evoked ALI by attenuating pulmonary epithelial cell oxidative injury and inflammatory response via ZBP1-mediated autophagy activation, indicating a promising approach for the therapy of ALI patients.

Topic: Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 1261: Targeting Wee1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract WEE1 is a tyrosine kinase that regulates G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and frequently overexpressed in various tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of WEE1 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are still unknown. In this study, we found that WEE1 was highly expressed in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Importantly, overexpression of WEE1 was correlated with T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and poor prognosis of LSCC patients. Furthermore, inhibition of WEE1 by MK-1775 induced cell growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in LSCC cells. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine could reverse MK-1775-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis in LSCC cells. MK-1775 also inhibited the growth of LSCC xenografts in nude mice. Altogether, these findings suggest that WEE1 is a potential therapeutic target in LSCC, and inhibition of WEE1 is the prospective strategy for LSCC therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Meng-Ling Yuan, Qi-Wei Jiang, Yang Yang, Jia-Rong Huang, Zhi Shi. Targeting Wee1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1261.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
American Aedes vexans Mosquitoes are Competent Vectors of Zika Virus

Starting in 2013–2014, the Americas have experienced a massive outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) which has now reached at least 49 countries. Although most cases have occurred in South America and the Caribbean, imported and autochthonous cases have occurred in the United States. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are known vectors of ZIKV. Little is known about the potential for temperate Aedes mosquitoes to transmit ZIKV. Aedes vexans has a worldwide distribution, is highly abundant in particular localities, aggressively bites humans, and is a competent vector of several arboviruses. However, it is not clear whether Ae. vexans mosquitoes are competent to transmit ZIKV. To determine the vector competence of Ae. vexans for ZIKV, wild-caught mosquitoes were exposed to an infectious bloodmeal containing a ZIKV strain isolated during the current outbreak. Approximately 80% of 148 mosquitoes tested became infected by ZIKV, and approximately 5% transmitted infectious virus after 14 days of extrinsic incubation. These results establish that Ae. vexans are competent ZIKV vectors. Their relative importance as vectors (i.e., their vectorial capacity) depends on feeding behavior, longevity, and other factors that are likely to vary in ecologically distinct environments.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Stimulation by cerulein--an analog of the octapeptide cholecystokinin--of 3H-spiroperidol binding after the long-term administration of neuroleptics].

It has been established in experiments on white male rats that prolonged administration (twice a day for 14 days) of haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg) and pyreneperone (0.25 mg/kg) resulted in the reduced interaction between 3H-spiroperidol and low affinity binding sites for apomorphine in subcortical structures, whereas 3H-spiroperidol binding with high affinity binding sites for apomorphine increased both in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures of the forebrain. After prolonged administration of neuroleptics the displacing effect of cerulein, an analog of cholecystokinin octapeptide, was replaced by the stimulant action on 3H-spiroperidol binding. It is assumed that increased interaction between 3H-spiroperidol and high affinity binding sites for apomorphine on dopamine2- and serotonin2-receptors underlies the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics after their prolonged administration. Cholecystokinin octapeptide is a necessary factor for realization of this action of neuroleptics.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Construction of Bivariate Copulas on a Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart

The control chart is an important tool in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC), which for monitoring, control, and improvement of the process control.In this paper, we propose six types of copula combinations for use on a Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart.Observations from an exponential distribution with dependence measured with Kendall's tau for moderate and strong positive and negative dependence (where ) among the observations were generated by using Monte Carlo simulations to measure the Average Run Length (ARL) as the performance metric and should be sufficiently large when the process is in-control on a MEWMA control chart.In this study, we develop an approach performance on the MEWMA control chart based on copula combinations by using the Monte Carlo simulations.The results show that the out-of-control (ARL 1 ) values for were less than for in almost all cases.The performances of the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula combination was superior to the others for all shifts with strong positive dependence among the observations and .Moreover, when the magnitudes of the shift were very large, the performance metric values for observations with moderate and strong positive and negative dependence followed the same pattern.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cross-talk and regulatory interactions between the essential response regulator RpaB and cyanobacterial circadian clock output

Significance In cyanobacteria, genome-wide transcriptional oscillations and cell division are under the control of the global response regulator RpaA. Here we show that regulator of phycobilisome-associated B (RpaB), a closely related response regulator that is essential in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, is involved in complex regulatory interactions with the RpaA signaling system. RpaB influences circadian timing and cell dimensions by modulating the RpaA∼P levels and by controlling a subset of the RpaA target genes. Our results suggest that regulatory interactions between RpaA and RpaB are required for transmission of updated time information to the level of gene expression, paving the way to uncover regulatory mechanisms involved in integration of temporal and environmental information.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Surgical treatments of peri-implantitis.

The potentially relevant literature was preliminarily assessed via scoping searches to ﬁnd the most appropriate search terms and the most efﬁcient Boolean search algorithm. The present authors identiﬁed 33 reports on subjects with osseointegrated implants, with a patho-logical condition compatible with the deﬁnition of ‘peri-implantitis’, describing the surgical treatment with a follow-up of at least 6 months.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation Metrics for Ontology Modules

A modular approach to ontology development, enables reuse and enhance maintainability. Ontology modules can either be extracted from a large ontology or built from scratch and then aligned to construct a large ontology. The evaluation of these modules is very important. However, upto now only one tool has been developed for this purpose and it does not consider the evaluation of the ontology modules developed from scratch. In this paper the list of evaluation metrics identified for the evaluation of both types of ontology modules is presented. The metrics have been grouped into six categories and also needful has been done to identify metrics which can be used to evaluate ontology modules developed from scratch.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Production Modes in China's Venture Capital Finance Sector: An Empirical Study on Stage Financing in China

This paper examines the effect of regulatory institutions on venture capitalists' (VCs) investment activities in China. Interviews with VCs and systematic examinations on the investment data of 436 venture capital backed companies confirm that China's institutions affect the corporate governance structure of venture capital firms (VCFs) that in turn determine their investment strategies in stage financing, one of the most important mechanisms deployed in venture capital investment. Due to the regulatory restrictions, VCFs in China are divided into two groups in terms of corporate structure: limited partnership, which is a more decentralized organizational form; and, limited company structure, which is a more centralized organizational form. It is revealed that VCFs under limited partnership employ stage financing much more often than VCFs under limited company structure. Furthermore, for VCFs under limited partnership, their stage financing strategies are closely associated with agency problems and the performance of investment that is similar to the US practice. As for VCFs structured as limited companies, they rarely deploy stage financing and the structure of their stage financing do not show visible patterns.

Topic: Private Equity and Venture Capital
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[New russian myorelaxant vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromide) used for the anesthetic management of operations on the thorax and abdomen organs].

The experience of clinical use of the new Russian myorelaxant of the non-depolarizing action vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromided) manufactured by "Veropharm" is described. Vero-pipecuronium was found to ensure splendid and good conditions for the intubation of the trachea and to maintain reliably myorelaxation. The recommended doses and availability of an antidote (prozerine) provide for a sufficiently controllable myorelaxation. Vero-pipecuronium does not virtually exert any effect on the parameters of hemodynamics and can be successfully used in patients with a high anesthetic risk including heart surgeries. Thus, Russian vero-pipecuronium has now an effective and safe myorelaxant manufactured inside the country, whose parameters are not inferior to those of pipecuronium bromide (arduan) manufactured by "Gedeon Richter", Hungary. Since the described drug is made in Russia, one can hope it will be highly effective both economically and pharmacologically.

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Existed Problem in Brucellosis Control in the Northwest Tuquan County and its Countermeasure

This paper is based on the detailed elaborating the concept,symptom and International and domestic situation of Brucellosis.And through making the investigation of epidemics of Brucellosis according to the County of Tuquan,the author analyzes the reason for improper prevention technology and some problems for peasants,and then summarizes application practice of the Administrative intervention in the epidemic area.

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
A new species of Branchinecta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Argentinian Tierra del Fuego

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Cohen, Rosa Graciela (2008): A new species of Branchinecta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Argentinian Tierra del Fuego. Zootaxa 1884: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184274

Topic: Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Trees versus Bushes

When Charles Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species in 1859, he drew a diagram of a tree to represent divergence through natural selection. His work focused on plants and animals—he had no clue what microbes were or how they would impact his conclusions (R. Kolter and S. Maloy, Microbes and Evolution: The World that Darwin Never Saw. ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2012). However, it was the comparison of gene sequenc-es in microbes that provided the most conclusive evidence for a “universal tree of life.” In the late 1970s, Carl Woese argued that the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA provided an ideal tool for evaluat-ing genetic relationships between organisms—16S rRNA from different organisms shared regions with sufficient sequence similarity to recognize the 16S gene from divergent organisms, while having regions that were sufficiently variable to distinguish closely related organisms. This discov-ery led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of evolution, dividing all living organisms into three Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Correlation Between Radiographic Area and Immunolocation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Unilocular Radiographic Lesions

Unilocular bone cysts are the most common entities affecting the maxillofacial region. The mechanism of proliferation and expansion remains unclear. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated to diverse pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to correlate the radiographic aspect (area) and the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. The radiographic area of each lesion was calculated using the mathematical formula of the ellipse area. All specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for these enzymes. The average radiographic area was 284.17 mm2, 235.81 mm2 and 381.81 mm2, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed no association between the immunoreactivity of MMPs and radiographic area of the lesions in all pathologies studied, except for MMP-2 and radicular cysts, for which smaller lesions had increased immunostaining for this enzyme. The results demonstrate that quantities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are especially involved with dentigerous and radicular cysts in expansion, whereas these enzymes seem to be related to the biological behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumors, indicating invasion and cell proliferation. Moreover, there is an inverse association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 in keratocystic odontogenic tumors (p=0.03; rs=-0.660), indicating activity in different regions.

Topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermal Fatigue-Life Prediction of Lead-Free Solder Joints

Reliability of lead-free solder joints is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the design for reliability (DFR) of lead-free solder joints. In particular, the thermal-fatigue life of the lead-free solder joints of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package assembly is predicted and discussed.

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Movements of zoospores of Phytophthora capsici

Electrotaxis of zoospores of Phytophthora capsici Leon. was investigated in some organic solutions employing platinum electrodes at a potential gradient of 2V/cm.In deionized water, zoospores oriented and swam to the cathode. The swimming velocity of zoospores decreased as they came up close to the cathode, moved around the electrode with turn and rotation and finally ceased the motion. A repulsion zone was quickly formed at the anode.On the contrary, in 10-2M solutions of sodium maleate, malate, malonate, succinate, glutamate, aspartate and others, zoospores were markedly attracted to and aggregated at the anode. The repulsion zone became larger with the decreased concentration of the solutes. The zone was also formed around the cathode.With some of mono-and disaccharides, zoospores were accumulated around the cathode as in deionized water regardless of the concentrations.These results would imply that all of these phenomena in the zoospore attractions toward the electrodes could not satisfactorily be explained by the theories of concentration gradient or electrostatic forces.Furthermore, no difference in electrotactic responses of zoospores among D- and L-malate and aspartate suggests that there is no direct relationship between the electrotaxis and the metabolism of zoospores.

Topic: Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analyzing the Complexities of Identity in Atheist Groups

This study aims to explore the experience of atheists, while also uncovering how they maintain an atheist identity once formed. Previous research has explored the processes of atheist identity formation and the boundary between the non-religious and the religious, but has yet to explore the formation of atheist identity. Methodologically, thirteen interpretivist semi-structured interviews were conducted with self-identified atheists in meet-up groups in the D.C. metro area and analyzed using a grounded theory framework. In addition, participant observation was conducted at five Meetup groups in the D.C metropolitan area over the course of twelve months. After providing the historical context of atheism within the United States, I argue that atheism has not been accurately been represented in media and has led to particular perceptions. Atheist identity is much more complex than it has previously been posited because of the way that atheists express their atheist identity when interacting with others. My analysis demystifies atheist stereotypes by providing evidence that complicates common perceptions of atheists and how they interact with others. This research also illustrates how the atheist community is dominated by white males, resulting in the marginalization of female atheists and atheists of color. This research makes a qualitative contribution to understanding the dynamics of everyday life for individuals who identify as an atheist, while also suggesting further areas of study concerning atheism in America.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Rekindling the Light of Faith: Hymn Translation and Spiritual Renewal in the Fifteenth-Century Observant Reform

This essay explores how the performance of the liturgy was integrated into late medieval education of nuns, for whom liturgical text conveyed both linguistic and spiritual knowledge. In southern German Observant Dominican convents, Latin language was systematically taught to nuns through the use of German/Latin bilingual or translated hymn books, showing that formal grammatical treatises were not necessary for Latin language pedagogy. Comprehension of the Latin would not only enable the nuns to understand the Latin liturgy but also to engage interpretively with the sung liturgical text as a reflection on the spiritual meaning of the ritual. As the German-language commentary on the hymn Inventor rutili reveals, hymn texts were understood to comment on the performative aspect of the liturgical rite and its theological significance. Full understanding of liturgical text would thus enrich a nun’s experience of her role within her community, her order, and the church at large.

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences