jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Induction-Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Excitation Source.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInduction-Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Excitation Source.R. H. Wendt and V. A. FasselCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 7, 920–922Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60226a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60226a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views721Altmetric-Citations261LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protective effects of MSC-conditioned medium on DFO-induced mimetic-hypoxia injury of renal tubular epithelial cells

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly characterized by inflammatory infiltration, the damage and death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), in which hypoxia plays an important role. Deferoxamine (DFO) inducing cells’ mimetic-hypoxia injury is a well-accepted renal injury model in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cell - conditioned medium (MSC-CM) can reduce local inflammation and repair tissue. In this study, we explored the effect of MSC-CM on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia and its possible molecular mechanism. <bold>Methods: </bold>NRK-52E cells with the treatment of DFO25uM for 24 hours could be well-accepted RTECs’ injury model using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect cell viability and Western Blot to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in NRK-52E cells with the treatment of different concentrates of DFO for 24 hours. Then three groups of NRK-52E cells were used in experiments, including normal control (NC), DFO25uM, DFO25uM+MSC-CM. MSC-CM was used to culture cells for 12 hours before DFO treatment, then fresh MSC-CM and DFO 25uM cocultured cells for another 24 hours. Then the cell samples were collected. <bold>Results: </bold>Using Western Blot and cellular immunofluorescence, we found MSC-CM could reverse the DFO-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1, α-SMA, HIF-1α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). DFO 25uM coculturing NRK-52E cells for 24 hours could simulate hypoxia well; HIF-1α and SRC-1 might be the harmful factors promoting EMT in NRK-52E cells during DFO mimetic-hypoxia.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Our results suggest that MSC-CM have a protective effect on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia by down-regulating HIF-1α and SRC-1 which may be the harmful factors in renal injury.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Finite Element Stress Analysis of the Tire Contact Problem

Tires are made of rubber composites which normally consist of several plies. Each ply consists of a thin layer of rubber matrix and a family of unidirectional steel or polyester cords for reinforcement. Such tire structures enable tires to endure severe road condition, but cause separation of reinforced layers due to stress concentration between plies. Since the separation of reinforced layers not only shortens the life of tires but results in an unexpected accident, the stress analysis of reinforced tires is indispensable for the tire design.&#13;\nThe stress analysis of reinforced tires is usually performed by finite element methods in which material properties of each element should be carefully considered and determined. The material properties of reinforced layers or other composite parts have been determined by several well-known equations for composite materials, such as Halpin-Tsai equations, Gough-Tangorra equations, and Akasaka-Hirano equations. However, such equations do not have the bending effect of reinforced cords during deformation under consideration. As a result, the stress analysis with such equations often fails in describing realistic stress state of tires since tires are constructed as a shell-like structure in which the bending effect is sometimes dominant.&#13;\nIn this paper, the equations for the material properties of each part of tires are developed for application to finite element methods. The equations take the bending effect of reinforced cords into consideration, laying emphasis on the bending effect during shear deformation of elements. A finite element formulation is then derived from the equilibrium eqations by the principle of virtual work.&#13;\nAn updated Lagrangian formulation is derived for incremental analysis with respect to the updated reference coordinates. Then, a contact formulation is added to the finite element formulation to calculate the stress state of tires in contact with flat rigid road under the load due to the self-weight of a vehicle.&#13;\nThe finite element code developed produces interesting results for the stress state in the cross section of inflated tires and tires in contact with road. The results with the pro-posed constitutive equations show the stress concentration around the reinforced layers, while others not. Various stress state of tires in con-tact with road versus different loads and reinforced belt angles in presented. Also, the corresponding contact pressure between tires and road is plotted. Finally, discussion and comment on the methods and result is given.

Topic: Contact Mechanics and Variational Inequalities
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
COVID-19 in the Pregnant Women Close to Home

So what do we know about the clinical course and risks to pregnant women with COVID-19 infection/disease during Pregnancy during the second and third trimester?" Clinical Pearl: COVID-19 in the Pregnant Women Close to HomePeer Reviewed " If a pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 is sick enough to be admitted to the hospital, she is considered high risk for developing severe SARS-CoV-2 disease."

Topic: COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New Criterion for Mining Strong Association Rules in Unbalanced Events

Association rules mining is an important task in data mining and the normal measures support and confidence are useful for finding association rules between the items. However, the process of finding frequent items would prune infrequent items which may include some useful relationships of association patterns. The new measures comsup, comcof and comsup' are proposed to resolve this problem effectively. By comparison and taking examples, these new measures proved to be effective in the special situation, and some interesting rules could be found in the unbalanced events in which include the infrequent items.

Topic: Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Disease-Induced Assemblage of the Rhizosphere Fungal Community in Successive Plantings of Wheat

Plant is one of the primary drivers of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. The consistent presence of the same plant species over time such as monocropping in agriculture can drive significant changes in plant-associated microbiomes. Most of the studies with monocropping have focused on bacteria, which are involved in the natural suppression of a number of soilborne diseases, including Rhizoctonia root rot and take-all. However, few studies have examined how monocropping and root rot pathogens jointly affect the structure of fungal communities in the rhizosphere. In this greenhouse study, rhizosphere fungal communities from successive wheat plantings infected with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 were characterized using MiSeq sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the ribosomal RNA gene. Sequence analyses revealed that distinct fungal groups clustered by planting cycles with or without strain AG8 inoculation but infection with strain AG8 enhanced the separation of fungal communities. Clusters of fungal communities were also observed in strain-AG8-infected and noninfected rhizospheres, whereas there was no difference in fungal communities between the rhizospheres with the least root disease and those with the worst root disease. Planting cycles significantly reduced fungal α diversity. The most abundant fungal genus was Mortierella which increased in relative abundance with planting cycles in strain-AG8-infected samples. In contrast, fungal genera that included Pseudogymnoascus, Gibberella, Fusarium, Fusicolla, Exophiala, and Waitea were reduced in relative abundance with successive plantings and strain AG8 infection. Together, this study revealed how fungal communities change with successive wheat growth under the pressure of a soilborne fungal pathogen.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Nanoinjector for Microanalysis

We describe a simple miniature injection device that can be used for introduction of nanoliter sample volumes in microfluidic systems. The hybrid microstructure consists of two hydraulically connected parts, a pulse micropump, and a multilevel cross-flow injector. Sample injection is accomplished by creating a transient pressure pulse in the sample line by means of the solenoid-based micropump. The sample line is aligned at right angles to the main carrier flow line. The two flow channels are located in two different parallel planes. The cross section of the two channels is defined by a self-sealing aperture in an elastomer. During the pressure pulse, the sample is introduced through this aperture directly into the main flow stream. Fast impulse-based injection causes rapid mixing of the injected sample with the main flow stream. This permits simple single-line manifold micro flow injection (MFI) systems. The deformation/relaxation of the elastomer is fast and repeatable; as such, rapid serial actuations essentially result in a larger injected sample volume without significantly affecting the peak shape. In the present form, 2-40-nL samples are easily injected by single injection, and the injected volume can be chosen by system parameters. The injection repeatability as observed by a photometric detector is better than 1.2% (n = 100).

Topic: Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative study on the histomorphology and molecular biology of radial artery conduits in patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent coronary bypass surgery

We studied the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radial artery (RA) in 30 patients with DM and 30 non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with autologous RA. RAs were recorded as normal if there was no cellular or stromal tissue between the endothelium and the internal elastic lamina. The RA was normal in 26.7% of diabetic and 76.7% of non-diabetic patients ( p = 0.000298). Intimal thickness index and intima:media ratio were higher in the former than in the latter ( p &lt; 0.05; p &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference in luminal narrowing ( p &gt; 0.05). Electron microscopy scores were lower in the non-diabetic group ( p &lt; 0.001); endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and optical density were higher ( p &lt; 0.001). Von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were higher in the DM patients ( p &lt; 0.001). The quality of the RA in patients with DM was thus inferior to that in non-diabetic patients. Care should be taken when selecting RA as a conduit in patients with DM.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A reading text as «a springboard» to improve language skills

This paper discusses the aspect of ―Reading‖ from theoretical and practical points of view in a frame of English language course for the university students. The research takes into consideration Russian and English approaches towards reading regarding the effectiveness of reading in the process of learning and mastering English language. The analysis of students‘ works on reading the English literary texts and completing the tasks demonstrates the benefit from reading the texts that they themselves want to read.

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Successful Tongue Replantation Following Segmental Autoamputation Using Supermicrosurgical Technique

Tongue amputation is a rare event. In fact, only four successful tongue replants are reported in the literature. These include one incomplete amputation[1] and three complete amputations.[2] [3] [4] To our knowledge, replantation of a self-inflicted, segmental tongue amputation has not been reported. We report the successful replantation of a self-inflicted, segmental tongue amputation in an actively psychotic patient. Additionally, intra- and postoperative management strategies are reviewed.

Topic: Oral and Craniofacial Lesions
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
k-automorphism

The growing popularity of social networks has generated interesting data management and data mining problems. An important concern in the release of these data for study is their privacy, since social networks usually contain personal information. Simply removing all identifiable personal information (such as names and social security number) before releasing the data is insufficient. It is easy for an attacker to identify the target by performing different structural queries. In this paper we propose k-automorphism to protect against multiple structural attacks and develop an algorithm (called KM) that ensures k-automorphism. We also discuss an extension of KM to handle "dynamic" releases of the data. Extensive experiments show that the algorithm performs well in terms of protection it provides.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of the genes directly controlled by the response regulator CiaR in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: five out of 15 promoters drive expression of small non‐coding RNAs

Summary The two‐component regulatory system CiaRH of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been implicated in β‐lactam resistance, maintenance of cell integrity, competence and virulence, but the genes that are regulated directly by the system have not been defined. Using transcriptional mapping, in vitro CiaR binding, and in vivo analysis of CiaR‐mediated regulation, 15 promoters were identified to be directly controlled by the response regulator CiaR. A direct repeat, TTTAAG‐N5‐TTTAAG, was found to be essential for CiaR binding and regulation. It is present, either completely or with subtle changes, in all promoter regions. Fourteen promoters of the regulon are activated by CiaR, and one was found to be controlled negatively. The genes that are transcribed from these promoters included ciaRH, loci that are predicted to be involved in the modification of teichoic acids ( lic ), in sugar metabolism ( mal , man ), stress response ( htrA ), chromosome segregation ( parB ), protease maturation ( ppmA ) and unknown functions. Remarkably, the five strongest promoters of the CiaR regulon drive expression of small RNAs. These small RNAs, designated csRNAs for cia ‐dependent small RNAs, are non‐coding, between 87 and 151 nt in size, and show a high degree of similarity to each other. The analysis of deletion mutants in the csRNA genes revealed that csRNA4 and csRNA5 affect stationary‐phase autolysis. The identification of five small non‐coding regulatory RNAs opens new perspectives to approach the physiological role of the CiaRH two‐component regulatory system.

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Method of monitoring atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen composition in the upper atmosphere on XUV images of the Sun

A method for determining the basic atmosphere O/N2 based on the solar observations is described. It is shown that, on XUV images of the Sun received by transillumination of the atmosphere, it is possible to observe its state controlling the O/N2 ratio. The method allows local inhomogeneities of the upper atmosphere to be studied. Its abilities were demonstrated according to the SPIRIT complex on board the Coronas-F satellite.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diet and PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism Interactions in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene Pro12Ala allele polymorphism (PPARG2 Pro12Ala; rs1801282) has been linked to both cancer risk and dietary factors. We conducted the first systematic literature review of studies published before December 2020 using the PubMed database to summarize the current evidence on whether dietary factors for cancer may differ by individuals carrying C (common) and/or G (minor) alleles of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that investigated the association between food or nutrient consumption and risk of incident cancer stratified by PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. From 3815 identified abstracts, nine articles (18,268 participants and 4780 cancer cases) covering three cancer sites (i.e., colon/rectum, prostate, and breast) were included. CG/GG allele carriers were more impacted by dietary factors than CC allele carriers. High levels of protective factors (e.g., carotenoids and prudent dietary patterns) were associated with a lower cancer risk, and high levels of risk factors (e.g., alcohol and refined grains) were associated with a higher cancer risk. In contrast, both CG/GG and CC allele carriers were similarly impacted by dietary fats, well-known PPAR-γ agonists. These findings highlight the complex relation between PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism, dietary factors, and cancer risk, which warrant further investigation.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Using the Quemada rheology model for drilling fluids — Practical considerations

A mathematical description of the Quemada rheological model is given, focusing on realistic drilling fluids. The purpose of the work described is to derive results that are required for robust, accurate, and efficient implementations of the model. Challenges related to non-monotonic shear stress vs. shear rate for fluids with high yield stress are discussed and solutions are suggested. A brief discussion of the Quemada model's connection with chemistry and physics, which is an important motivation for using it, is included.

Topic: Drilling and Well Engineering
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
REACHABILITY AND CONTROLLABILITY OF DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

The concepts of reachability and controllability do not coincide but reflect a fundamental difference between the dynamical characteristics of different classes of multi-variable systems. This difference is discussed in relation to discrete-lime linear dynamical systems and is illustrated by a simple numerical example.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Occurrence of <i>Erysiphe cichoracearum</i> Perithecia on Wild Lactuca Species

Abstract Perithecia of Erysiphe cichoracearum (powdery mildew) were found on several, but not all, accessions of Lactuca serriola, L. saligna, L. aculeata and L. serriola × L. sativa hybrid. Their occurrence varied between Lactuca species and different accessions of the same species. Perithecia were globular, had a mean diameter of 125.5 μm and contained an average 13–14 asci. Asci had mean dimensions of 55.0 × 26.1 μm and each contained two ascospores which measured an average 17.4 × 10.6 μm. There were however significant differences in the dimensions of spores and other structures obtained from different Lactuca accessions.

Topic: Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on the Configuration of Early-Warning Management System for Urban Bridge

Bridge accidents occur frequently, so new system/idea must be introduced to keep bridge safe, and then to protect public possessions and lives. From the safety science point of view, it's pointed out that safety early-warning system of urban bridge is mainly composed of four factors: human, bridge, environment and management, based on the state of the art of bridge safety. Primary configuration of safety early-warning management system for urban bridge is put forward, which is formed from four subsystems: human factor control subsystem, bridge condition monitoring and forecasting subsystem, bridge accidents and emergency disposal subsystem and urban bridge safety early-warning management subsystem. It makes some beneficial attempt for a more serviceable urban bridge management system.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Malaysian consensus statement on utilisation of cardiac CT

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric accuracy of the sliding window gated IMRT compared with the static treatment, using varying dose rates.Materials and methods: This study measured changes in output and diode array response with changing dose rate, verified the precision of the motion table, and measured changes in dose distribution accuracy with film and diodes at two depths with changing dose rate.During 4DCT (4 Dimensional Computed Tomography), the patient's respiratory signals and target motion were recorded and imported to the XY4D simulation table of SUN NUCLEAR Corporation to simulate the patient's respiration and tumour motion.A single field of each sliding window IMRT plan with 30º wedge and one for lung cancer were used in this study.Three irradiating conditions, static and moving target with and without gating, were applied to both plans.Results: The standard deviations of output, with the dose rates changing from 300-600 MU/min, were 0.065 cGy and 0.169 cGy for the ionisation chamber and diode, respectively.The verification of the motion table shows very good precision with 9.98 ± 0.02 cm (true value = 10.0 cm).The measurements by MapCheck show the gamma index of the planned absolute dose distribution in static and moving targets with gating, resulting in more than 96% passing for all dose rates.The absolute dose distribution measured by film for the static target was agreeable with the value of moving target with gating. Conclusion:The sliding window gated IMRT technique is able to deliver an accurate dose to a moving target with the dose rate of 300-600 MU/min that is suitable for clinical treatment.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences