jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EEG Dataset and Processing script Associated with the Manuscript, "Using the Time-varying Drift Rate, the Signal Suppression and the Utility Maximisation to Account for Road Crossing Decisions".

The repository archived the behavioural data (zip files) associated with the EEG experiment and the MATLAB script for EEG processing. BDFs stored the down-sampled EEG.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Kerr Effect in Flexible Polymers

A theory of the Kerr effect in flexible polymers is presented, which relates the electro-optical birefringence to details of the polymer structure. Previous interpretations of the data are criticized. It is shown in particular that the Kerr effect should be quite sensitive to rotational hindering in the polymer molecule. The theory is applied to several model polymers and order-of-magnitude agreement with data for polyvinyl halides is obtained.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Host defence and bacterial growth in fosfomycin-treated peritonitis. Experimental observations in pigs.

An approximately steady state of bacterial density intraperitoneally has been observed in bacterial peritonitis. This state, which follows an initial (0-4 h) phase of rapid elimination of bacteria, was now studied in a model of porcine peritonitis. Twelve pigs were intra-abdominally infected with 10(10) CFU each of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Six of the pigs received no antibiotic and six were given two doses of fosfomycin (anti-aerobic), 1 g i.v., with the aim of disturbing possible equilibrium between rapid proliferation and destruction of the sensitive E. coli. Levels of fosfomycin up to 90 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 mg/l) were detected in the peritoneal exudate, but the antibiotic had no discernible effect on E. coli density or elimination pattern compared with B. fragilis in the same pig or with observations in controls. The results favoured the concept of slow-replicating E. coli and hence declining activity of the defence mechanisms a few hours after the induction of peritonitis.

Topic: Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In Vivo Complementation of <i>ureB</i> Restores the Ability of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> To Colonize

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine (i) if complementation of ureB -negative Helicobacter pylori restores colonization and (ii) if urease is a useful reporter for promoter activity in vivo. Strains used were M6, M6Δ ureB , and 10 recombinant derivatives of M6 or M6Δ ureB in which urease expression was under the control of different H. pylori promoters. Mice were orally inoculated with either the wild type or one of the mutant strains, and colonization, in vivo urease activity, and extent of gastritis were determined. Of eight M6Δ ureB recombinants tested, four colonized mice. Of those, three had the highest in vitro urease activity of any of the recombinants, significantly different from that of the noncolonizing mutants. The fourth colonizing recombinant, with ureB under control of the cag-15 promoter, had in vitro urease activity which did not differ significantly from the noncolonizing strains. In vivo, urease activities of the four colonizing transformants and the wild-type control were indistinguishable. There were no differences in gastritis or epithelial lesions between mice infected with M6 and those infected with the transformants. These results demonstrate that recovery of urease activity can restore colonizing ability to urease-negative H. pylori . They also suggest that cag-15 is upregulated in vivo, as was previously suggested by demonstrating that it is upregulated upon contact with epithelial cells. Finally, our results suggest that total urease activity and colonization density do not contribute to gastritis due to H. pylori.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical Investigation of Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade with Unsteady Wakes

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1668.vid Large-eddy simulations were conducted for a full 50% reaction low-pressure turbine stage and for a cascade with upstream bar wake generators with two different diameters. The chord Reynolds number for the simulations was 50,000. An analysis of the approach flow and wake revealed that the endwall boundary layer was growing faster for the bar wake generators because of the relative motion of the endwall with respect to the freestream. For the full stage, substantial laminar separation from the upstream airfoil as a result of the low Reynolds conditions leads to large and pronounced wakes that impact the downstream airfoils. To improve the quality of the phase-averaged flow fields, the proper orthogonal decomposition was employed as a filter to remove the low energy unsteady flow field content. Both the mean ow and filtered phase-averaged flow are analyzed in detail. Visualizations of the phase-averaged flow field reveal a periodic suppression of the laminar suction side separation from the downstream airfoil even for the smaller bar wake generator. The passage vortex is entirely suppressed for the 50% reaction stage and for the large bar wake generator. Furthermore, the phase-averaged data for the 50% reaction stage reveal a new longitudinal flow structure that can be traced back to near-wall wake vorticity.

Topic: Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Whitening non vital teeth - a case report.

Commonly used in cosmetic dentistry teeth whitening can be used combined with other restorative techniques during dental treatment. Non-vital teeth whitening is necessary whenever we need an improvement of their aspect, as it's a known fact that these teeth can have a grey or pink-grey coloration when they are not correctly endodontical treated.

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Photochemical Reactivity of Multifunctional Photocaged Dienes in Continuous Flow

Abstract Flow reactors become more and more automated by enabling on‐line reaction monitoring and adjusting the process parameters. On‐line monitoring of chemical processes is a valuable tool to steer processes, leading to precise engineering of macromolecular materials. Detailed information about specific product patterns, end‐group functionality or material composition can be obtained by coupling a flow reactor to a mass spectrometer (e. g. ESI‐MS). In this work, we study the deprotection of maleimides and its subsequent photoenol functionalization to synthesize complex macromolecules using a photo flow reactor coupled to an ESI‐MS. Using a trapping agent (TA), furan is efficiently removed from the maleimide Diels−Alder adduct within just minutes at 175 °C and quantitatively converted into an unreactive species that does not interfere with further reactions of the maleimide. The photoenol reaction was likewise shown to be highly effective to proceed in microreactors, reaching quantitative conversion of trifunctional molecules in as little as 2 min.

Topic: Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experience in Rainwater Harvesting Application atHousehold Scale in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that has large rain water availability. However, the implementation of rainwater
harvesting in urban areas has not become a popular activity in Indonesia. Instead of the ignorance of
the public about the importance of rainwater harvesting as an alternative source of freshwater,
information and knowledge about the construction of the installation of rainwater harvesting systems
is still very limited. This paper aims to analyze supporting capacity of rainwater harvesting for
domestic needs in Bandar Lampung city, Indonesia. This paper also aims to introduce a real
experience in rainwater harvesting at household scale in the city. Rainwater harvesting simulation is
applied to a family with a roof area of 70 m2 with number of family members 5 persons and maximum
storage capacity 1.2 m3. Daily rainfall data used in the simulation is obtained from Bandar Lampung
Raingauge Station with period of data from 1992 to 1996. The simulation shows that supporting
capacity of rainwater harvesting in the area of study is about 53% and 42% for wet year and dry year,
respectively. Experience also shows that knowledge about the operation and maintenance of rainwater
harvesting facility is important in the application of rainwater harvesting at household scale.

Topic: Multimedia Learning Systems
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ROLE OF A WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN AGCC (ARAB GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL) WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

With the fast-growing economies of the world, the role and contribution of women entrepreneurship to the growth and performance of the organization cannot be marginalized. In the present scenario, the genesis of women entrepreneurship is perceived in most of the organizations across the world. This has enchanted the concentration of the theorists and ideologists paving the way for further researches and amendments in this area. In greater numbers than ever before, women are stepping away from traditional economic roles and venturing out to start their own businesses, enabling them to become self- dependent and set the examples for the organizations.  Further women entrepreneurs have overcome seemingly impossible odds and reckoned to the high performance and growth of the organization parallel to the masculine manpower exploring the new avenues of the business potential. Needless to say, the significant changes in the world economy have greatly altered the status of women in the marketplace. New opportunities have generated new challenges—meeting the greater demand for skills and specialization of knowledge, maintaining the viability of those skills and that knowledge in an ever-changing marketplace, and accommodating the instability that can arise from such changes. As a result, new ways of thinking and doing have to be considered. At this juncture, the leadership style of women and their special capacities and qualities appear quite valuable. This paper is an attempt to spotlight the role of women entrepreneurs in AGCC commonly known as Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC). The scholar has evaluated the role of women entrepreneurs in AGCC which would create a base for sound apprehension regarding women empowerment in the emerging economy of the world.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in MENA
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Electron, Hydride, and Fluoride Affinities of Silicon-Containing Species:  Computational Studies

The distance dependence of silicon substitution on the electron affinity (EA) of carbon radicals has been studied using computational methods in SiH3(CH2)nCH2 (A) and SiH2F(CH2)nCH2 (B). Large EAs result when n = 0 for both A and B. The result for A is compared with the experimental EA value of (CH3)3SiCH2. Similar comparisons with known EAs (CH3 and SiH3) establish the validity of the computational approach. Fluorine substitution in SiH2FCH2 is consistent with other fluorine substitution effects. When n > 1, the anions of both A and B cyclize to pentacoordinate structures in which silicon has trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The corresponding EA values raise important questions about computed EAs that result from profound geometry changes between radicals and anions. Anions that have not cyclized give rise to EA values more easily interpreted. Such results, combined with computations of vertical attachment energies, indicate that the EA values of A and B attenuate rapidly for n > 1, quickly approaching that of CH3. Pentacoordination effects of silicon anions were also studied for SiH4, (CH3)2SiH2, 1-silacyclopropane, 1-silacyclobutane, and 1-silacyclopentane.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Periosteum as Barrier Membrane: A Case Report

Introduction: The quest for finding a regenerative material for periodontal defects is everlasting. Numerous resorbable, nonresorbable, synthetic, and autogenous materials have been tried and tested in this regard. The periosteum has gained popularity in this field as it has exhibited osteogenic properties. The harvest of the periosteum is hassle-free and does not cause additional surgical sites. Case Presentation: The present case report demonstrates the successful use of the periosteum as a barrier membrane in the treatment of an intrabony defect. A 25-year-old female patient reported a complaint of food lodgement and bleeding gums. Clinical and radiographic examinations suggested an intrabony defect concerning the maxillary molar. The periosteum pedicle as a barrier membrane, along with bone graft, was used to treat the defect. Conclusions: The outcome was favorable in defect filling and soft tissue thickness.

Topic: Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Extending Perspective Taking to Non-Human Animals and Artificial Entities

Perspective taking can have positive effects in a range of intergroup contexts. In two experiments, we tested whether these effects generalize to two yet-to-be-studied nonhuman groups: animals and intelligent artificial entities. We found no overall effects of either taking the perspective of a farmed pig or an artificial entity on moral attitudes, compared to instructions to stay objective and a neutral condition. However, in both studies, mediation analysis indicated that perspective taking positively affected moral attitudes via empathic concern and self-other overlap, supporting two mechanisms well-established in the literature. The lack of overall effects may be partly explained by positive effects of staying objective on moral attitudes that offset the positive effects of perspective taking via empathic concern and self-other overlap. These findings suggest that perspective taking functions differently in the context of non-human groups relative to typical intergroup contexts. We consider this an important area for future research.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Hindu Traditions

Abstract This chapter begins with an overview of dharma in Hindu traditions and then the contemporary formulation of dharmic ecology as expressed in classical sources. As depicted in the Bhagavad Gītā, Hindu dharma presents an alternative theocentric articulation of the cosmic common good in a way that confirms and further intensifies a Catholic cosmic common good. Moreover, one of the foremost texts on dharma, The Laws of Manu, provides an excellent focal point for teasing out the relationship among dharma, the good of the ātman (self), and an ethic of ahiṃsā (nonviolence) and vegetarianism. Yet by including all living creatures in the scope of this ātman, dharmic ecology clearly points to the common good of Mother Earth, which suggests that an ātmanocentrism poses an even more intense rejection of anthropocentrism than even a Catholic cosmic common good attains.

Topic: Indian and Buddhist Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 800023: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for Development of a Leishmaniasis Vaccine.

The purpose of the work supported by this contract is to identify antigens of Leishmania that could serve as candidates for an antileishmanisasis vaccine. To accomplish this goal, monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania promastigotes are being developed as analytic and preparative reagents. In the first year of the contract (period covered by this report) five anti-L. major monoclonal antibodies were obtained by fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with fixed promastigotes in adjuvant, and over 60 were obtained from an infected mouse. Two monoclonals of interest were purified from ascites fluid. All were IgM, k isortype. Monoclonal 1B1 was chosen from those screened for its high titer, reactivity with the surface of infected macrophages, and with secreted/excreted products of promastigotes. 1B1 was purified from ascites and is being used in immunoprecipitation assays of Sulfur 35 methionine-labelled promastigote lysates. Preliminary results indicates it recognizes an epitope on proteins with Mr 95, 88, 68, and 43kd. Additional monoclonal antibodies are being produced to select ones with IgG isotype. Efforts to utilize these antibodies for affinity purification of antigens are being initiated to permit subsequent in vivo assessment of their vaccine potential. Keywords: Antigens; ELISA assay; Immunofluorescence; Macrophages; Serodiagnosis; Immunoglobin.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Hopf potentials for the Schrödinger operator

We establish the Hopf boundary point lemma for the Schrödinger operator $-\\Delta+V$ involving potentials $V$ that merely belong to the space $L^1_loc(\\Omega)$. More precisely, we prove that among all nonnegative supersolutions $u$ of $-\\Delta+V$ which vanish on the boundary $\\partial\\Omega$ and are such that $Vu\\inL^1(\\Omega)$, if there exists one supersolution that satisfies $\\partial u/\\partial n &lt;0$ almost everywhere on $\\partial\\Omega$ with respect to the outward unit vector $n$, then such a property holds for every nontrivial supersolution in the same class. We rely on the existence of nontrivial solutions of the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problem with boundary datum in $L^\\infty(\\partial\\Omega)$.

Topic: Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prognostic Factors for Premenopausal Women with Distant Metastatic Breast Cancer

Purpose Several studies have reported that the survival after distant metastasis in younger patients with breast cancer was similar to that in elderly patients. Moreover, few studies have observed better survival outcome after distant metastasis in younger patients with breast cancer. Here, we have identified the factors that affect the prognosis after distant metastasis in these patients. Methods We reviewed 7,157 patients that underwent primary breast cancer surgery between January 2003 and December 2013 at the Samsung Medical Center. Three hundred and thirty two premenopausal patients aged <50 years showed distant metastasis and were included in the analysis. For further analysis, the patients older or younger than 40 years were divided into 2 groups. Results There were no demographic differences in the patient characteristics such as clinical stage, nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis site, distant metastasis free interval (DMFI), except the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) statuses, histopathology, and molecular subtype in both the groups (p-value=0.023, 0.035, 0.016, 0.046, respectively). The median follow-up period was 79.4 months. Next, we did not observe significant difference in the overall survival (OS) between the two groups (Log rank p-value=0.975). However, patients in the luminal A and luminal B group showed better OS than those in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group (Log-rank p-value<0.001). Furthermore, patients showed worse OS when they developed distant metastases within 36 months post-surgery (Log-rank p-value<0.001). In overall, age did not affect the survival outcome (p-value=0.547); however, the molecular subtype, DMFI, and distant metastasis sites showed significant differences in the patient outcome (p-value<0.001, respectively). Conclusion Our analysis suggests that the molecular subtype, DMFI, and distant metastasis site serve as useful predictors for prognosis in younger breast cancer patients with distant metastasis. However, age in these patients did not correlate well with mortality. Keywords: Breast neoplasms; Neoplasm metastasis; Premenopause; Prognosis; Survival

Topic: Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Combining nano-differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis to investigate VDAC1 interaction with small molecules

The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) plays a central role in metabolism and apoptosis, which makes it a promising therapeutic target. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms governing VDAC1 functioning remain unclear. Small-molecule ligands specifically interacting with the channel provide an attractive way of exploring its structure-function relationships and can possibly be used as founding stones for future drug-candidates. While around 30 VDAC1 ligands have been identified over the years, various techniques have been used by research teams, making a fair and direct comparison between compounds impossible. To tackle this issue, we performed ligand-binding assays on a representative set of seventeen known VDAC1 ligands using nano-differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. While all the compounds have been confirmed as VDAC1 ligands by at least one method, combining both technologies lead to the selection of four molecules (cannabidiol, curcumin, DIDS and VBIT4) as chemical starting points for future design of VDAC1 selective ligands.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences