jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Damage of an Asperity in Frictionless Normal Contact with a Rigid Flat

Surface fatigue wear widely exists, and it occurs as long as a sufficient number of loading–unloading cycles are applied. Slowing down surface fatigue wear requires understanding the evolution of fatigue damage in the surface. Real surfaces are composed of many asperities; therefore, it is important to study the fatigue damage of a single asperity. A finite element model of an asperity subjected to cyclic elastic–plastic normal loading was developed under frictionless contact condition. The asperity can be either completely or partially unloaded in a loading cycle. For the sake of completeness, both cases were investigated in the present study. The multiaxial Fatemi-Socie fatigue criterion was adopted to evaluate the fatigue damage of the asperity in elastic shakedown state, which was achieved after several loading cycles. For the case of complete unloading, severe fatigue damage was confined in a subsurface ridge starting from the edge of the maximum loaded contact area. The shape and volume of the wear particles were predicted based on a fundamentally valid assumption. For the case of partial unloading, the fatigue damage was much milder. Finally, potential research directions to expand the current study are suggested.

Topic: Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fruska Gora: The Serbian Mount Athos

Fruska Gora (= Frankish Mountain) mountain range is located in the province of Vojvodina in northern Serbia. After the Schism between the Western and Eastern Church in the 11th century, both Churches had their communities in this area. A group of Serbian medieval monasteries were created then on this mountain. These Holy Monasteries have been founded between the end of the 12th and the middle of 15th century according to the local tradition. Modern researchers found 35 Monasteries in the region of Srem = Syrmion during the period of the Ottoman domination. Only 16 Monasteries are preserved today. The fate of these Monasteries was tragic. All the Monasteries were occasionally raided and looted by the Ottoman conquerors. Unfortunately, their condition did not change in modern time and especially during the World War II. The Monasteries that have survived the Ottoman era and the Germans' fury who had bombed and destroyed many of them, were destroyed by the partisans after the liberation of Yugoslavia. It is only in 1953 that the restoration of these Monasteries slowly began, and it continues until today with very good results. The architecture of these monasteries is distinguished in two periods. The first period includes buildings at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century, which are characterized by the traditional Byzantine style incorporated into the School of Morava. The second period includes buildings of the 18th century, which are characterized by the Baroque style On the walls of the Monasteries, we can find Byzantine frescoes and icons from the 15th century until the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century and oil paintings on walls and icons. During the transitional for the Serbian painting period of the 18th century begins the Russian and Ukrainian Baroque, which also influenced the later Serbian style. The 16 Orthodox Monasteries of Fruska Gora are: Beocin, Besenovo, Divsa or Djipsa, Grgeteg, Jazak, Krusedol, Kuvezdin, Mala Remeta, Novo Hopovo, Privina Glava, Petkovica, Rakovac, Staro Hopovo, Sisatovac, Velika Remeta and Verdnik-Ravanica. The Monasteries of Fruska Gora were recognized as Monuments of Culture of Extraordinary Importance in 1990 and are protected by the state. Due to the large number of monasteries in the same area, Fruska Gora is commonly called the Serbian Mount Athos.

Topic: Regional Development and Management Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Interconnecting Issueof Government’s Regional Budget Allocation and Open Burning Behavior: Study from Indonesia

This research aims to analyze whether people’s perception, living area such as rural/urban, and regional budget proportion for the environment at province level influence open burning behavior of a household in Indonesia. Using household-leveldata in 2017from the National Socioeconomic Survey of Indonesia and adding control factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, a logit regression method is conducted. The result reveals that burning behaviorperception has an important role in open burning thrash decisions and people living in rural areas tend to do open burning trash compared to those who are living in urban areas. Furthermore, provinces with higher proportion budgets for environmental facilities tend to have fewer open burning cases done by households compared to provinces with lower proportion budgets for environment. The findings suggest that government should improve waste policies atregional and municipallevelto reduce open burning trash behavior of households.

Topic: Municipal Solid Waste Management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive Transformations: Nineteenth-Century Stage Adaptations of Nineteenth-Century Novels

This study analyses nineteenth-century stage adaptations of Victorian novels. It argues that doing so, provides an important insight into the way that nineteenth-century society engaged with and responded to proto-feminism. A selection of nineteenth-century stage adaptations of three novels, which were both popular at the time and have subsequently become canonical, are analysed. The thesis focuses on how dramatists responded to the germinal proto-feminist elements in the novel when they transferred the plot of the original source to the stage. In Chapter One, the issue of female agency is looked at in the nineteenth century stage adaptations of Jane Eyre. Chapter Two focuses on the figure of the ‘fallen woman’ in the shape of Isabel Vane, Mrs Henry Wood’s central figure in East Lynne. Finally, in Chapter Three the complex issue of madness, criminal culpability and femininity is examined in the stage adaptations of Mary Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret. Despite the attention devoted to the novels by feminist critics, the study of these popular adaptations has received comparatively little attention. One of the plays examined in this thesis has never been examined at an academic level before (The Mystery of Audley Court by John Brougham 1866). Building on the pioneering work of Patsy Stoneman, this thesis contributes to the growing interest in popular plays. The argument of this thesis is that by studying popular adaptations it is possible from both a New Historicist and a proto-feminist perspective to identify how nineteenth-century society engaged with and responded to proto-feminism. The key findings of this thesis are to do with the amount of license that the dramatists gave themselves as they went about adapting the original source to the stage, for example, the characteristics of the main characters are altered, characters are omitted and new characters are created and inserted into the plot, themes are removed or highlighted and it is the argument of this thesis that those changes were made due to contemporaneous events.

Topic: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors affecting shoot and root apical meristem tissue culture of Thai supersweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa)

During last recent years, in vitro propagation technic is widely used to produce plants with desirable traits. This experiment was conducted to produce an ideal protocol for in vitro propagation of Thai supersweet corn by using shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) as explants. Four-day-old germinating seedlings were used as the experimental materials on culture media supplemented with a range of auxin, kinetin, and carbohydrates. The primary establishment for SAM showed the highest percentage of survival (80%) while RAM showed the highest survival (67%) and in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented. Upon acclimatization, regenerated plantlets from shoot showed the highest survival rate (12%) with the production of 21 plantlets; however, the survival rate of plantlets from root was only 20% with the production of 9 plantlets. The efficient and economic protocol that is produced in this study can be applied as an alternative to conventional propagation method for the large-scale production of Thai supersweet corn throughout the year.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phoretic mites (Rhinoseius spp.) in Apodiformes from Cerrado and Pantanal Biomes in midwestern Brazil

Abstract Nasal mites are commonly found in hummingbirds (Apodiformes). In most cases, endoparasitic mites were reported to parasitize the respiratory system, particularly the anterior nasal chambers, larynx, trachea, lungs, and the air and conjunctival sacs. However, some mites are only carried by hummingbirds, because flowers serving as a nutrient source for these small mites, such as for Apodiformes, a tropical nectar-feeding in their natural habitat. From August 2012 to May 2014, humminbirds were captured using mist nets, and examined for the presence of nasal mites (identified according to specific keys) in the Pantanal, and Cerrado biomes, from the Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. Overall, 76 Apodiform specimens, from the Trochilidae family were captured, and 20 female nasal mites, identified as being from the Rhinoseius genus, were collected from eight hosts (10.5%), of the following species: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura, and Thalurania furcata. The Rhinoseius spp. has been reported on, in many ecosystems in the Americas, including Brazil, however, this is the first report on Apodiformes from the Pantanal biome. Phoretic mites are not responsible for direct damage to the population of Apodiformes, as they are not pathogenic. However, they compete for food with hummingbirds and decrease the quantity of food available in the environment. They also affect the reproductive dynamics of plants, feed on pollen, and interfere with the intricacies of the biodiversity where they live.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
THE EFFECT OF IVERMECTIN ON THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH COW DUNG

On each of four dates between May and September 1988, ivermectin was mixed into 60 × 1 kg pats of cattle dung, such that each contained 2, 1, 0.5, or 0 mg ivermectin per kilogram. The pats were then placed on pasture in a stratified, random, block plot and exposed for 15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 d. Twelve pats and a soil sample from below each were lifted at the end of these exposure periods and invertebrates extracted from both dung and soil. This study concentrated on the differences between experimental pats with regard to the numbers and types of Diptera and Coleoptera present. A total of 65 taxa were identified, and the data sets obtained for the dung and the soil were analyzed separately, using two multivariate techniques—TWINSPAN and DECORANA. The major factors determining the fauna of the dung pats and of the soil below them were found to be length of exposure on pasture, exposure date, and ivermectin presence/absence. The presence of ivermectin in the dung markedly changed the fauna in and below treated pats, particularly affecting cyclorrhaphan fly larvae. It is suggested that the incorporated multivariate methods have great potential for use in environmental contamination studies, as they analyze complex data sets objectively and allow the identification of faunal characteristics of treated and untreated sites.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Two Siblings with Phenotypes Mimicking Peroxisomal Disorders but with Discordant Biochemical Findings

The authors present a report on two siblings with a nearly identical phenotype mimicking peroxisomal disorder but with totally discordant biochemical findings. In an attempt to confirm the diagnosis of a peroxisomal disorder, plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and phytanic acid were determined. In addition, fibroblasts profile of VLCFA and plasmalogen levels were evaluated for Case 2. Pathomorphological examinations represented by lymph node and kidney biopsies as well as postmortem examinations of liver, adrenals and brain were performed in Case 1. The phenotypes of both siblings showed marked resemblance to those observed in children with Zellweger syndrome. The results of biochemical tests performed in Case 1, together with abundant peroxisomes in the liver and the wide spectrum of clinical abnormalities suggest pseudo-Zellweger or Zellweger-like syndromes, but no conclusive data have been found. The plasmalogen level in fibroblasts as well as the fibroblasts profile of VLCFA noted in Case 2 were within the normal range, thus excluding the possibility of a peroxisomal disorder. The striking phenotype resemblance of the siblings mimicking Zellweger, together with discordant biochemical findings, are difficult to explain on the basis of currently available tests.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tracing the thermal evolution of the Corsican lower crust during Tethyan rifting

Abstract Continental rifting requires thinning the continental lithosphere from ~120 km to &lt;20 km by a series of processes which each impart a characteristic thermal signature to the extending lithosphere. Here high‐resolution thermochronology is used to trace the synrift thermal evolution within a lower crustal section of an upper plate hyperextended margin sampled in Corsica. Novel zircon, rutile, and apatite 206 Pb/ 238 U depth profiling coupled with garnet trace element diffusion modeling provide compelling evidence for rift‐related crustal reheating. A Jurassic thermal pulse is recorded in the footwall of the Belli Piani Shear Zone (BPSZ), where 200–180 Ma zircon 206 Pb/ 238 U overgrowth ages on Permian core populations and the preservation of stranded diffusion profiles in resorbed garnets implies the dominant footwall fabric formed as a result of high‐temperature ( T ~ 800°C) ductile thinning of the lower crust. Conductive reheating of middle crustal rocks in the immediate BPSZ hanging wall, demonstrated by Jurassic apatite 206 Pb/ 238 U ages, was likely achieved by synkinematic juxtaposition against the hot footwall and wholesale conductive steepening of geothermal gradients. Subsequent rapid cooling from 180 to 160 Ma, coeval with extensional unroofing of the footwall, underscores the importance of extreme ductile thinning during crustal hyperextension. The results of this study suggest that early lithospheric‐scale depth‐dependent thinning follows an early phase of diffuse rifting and tectonic subsidence and triggers crustal reheating during early hyperextension. Continued extension results in rapid exhumation and cooling of the lower crust, extreme crustal attenuation, and mantle exhumation followed by relaxation to a steady state thermal field coeval with the start of seafloor spreading.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-camera spatio-temporal fusion and biased sequence-data learning for security surveillance

In this paper, we propose a framework for multi-camera video surveillance.Our framework addresses the detection, represenation, and recognition of motion events.The detection phase handles spatiotemporal data fusion for efficiently and reliably extracting motion trajectories from video.The representation phase summarizes raw trajectory data to construct a hierarchical, invariant, and content-rich representation of the motion events.Finally, the recognition phase deals with learning using imbalanced training datasets and infinitedimensional data that also exhibit temporal ordering.Due to space limit, only the following two components are discussed in the paper: fusing spatio-temporal information from multiple camera sources and characterizing and detecting suspicious surveillance events.For fusing multi-source data from cameras with overlapping spatial and temporal coverage, we propose a novel method that uses a twolevel hierarchy of Kalman filters to construct coherent and invariant event descriptors.Once the event descriptors are constructed, we devise a sequence-alignment kernel function to perform sequence data learning for detecting suspicious events.When the positive training instances (i.e., suspicious events) are significantly outnumbered by the negative training instances, SVMs can suffer from high event-detection errors.To remedy this problem, we propose an adaptive conformal transformation algorithm to work with the sequence-alignment kernel.Through empirical study in a parking-lot surveillance setting, we show that our spatio-temporal fusion scheme can efficiently and reliably reconstruct scene activities, and that our learning method is highly effective in identifying suspicious events.

Topic: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of electrophysical resources on healing of neurotendinous injury in an experimental model of type I diabetes and kidney disease

Cryotherapy promoted reduction in inflammatory exudate and organization of collagen fibers, in addition to the absence of signs of tissue necrosis, in the groups treated with and without the disease. ILIB therapy showed the same findings associated with significant reduction in glycemic levels in the group of diseased animals. The application of LLLT showed increased inflammatory exudate, low organization of collagen fibers and low sign of tissue degeneration and necrosis. This study in a model of associated diseases (diabetes and kidney disease) whose effects of electrophysical resources studied after neurotendinous injury allows us to verify histopathological variables suggestive of patients with the same comorbidities.

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Advanced modification of drug nanocrystals by using novel fabrication and downstream approaches for tailor-made drug delivery

Drug nanosuspensions/nanocrystals have been recognized as one useful and successful approach for drug delivery. Drug nanocrystals could be further decorated to possess extended functions (such as controlled release) and designed for special in vivo applications (such as drug tracking), which make best use of the advantages of drug nanocrystals. A lot of novel and advanced size reduction methods have been invented recently for special drug deliveries. In addition, some novel downstream processes have been combined with nanosuspensions, which have highly broadened its application areas (such as targeting) besides traditional routes. A large number of recent research publication regarding as nanocrystals focuses on above mentioned aspects, which have widely attracted attention. This review will focus on the recent development of nanocrystals and give an overview of regarding modification of nanocrystal by some new approaches for tailor-made drug delivery.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Response: Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients (Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:95-100)

We would like to express our appreciation to Dr. Won for his letter regarding our manuscript, Lack of association between serum cystatin C level and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients.

Cystatin C is a low molecular mass protein that is passed freely through the glomerular membrane. Unlike creatinine, cystatin C is eliminated from circulation almost exclusively by the kidney and is affected less by renal tubular secretion, theoretically making it an ideal marker of glomerular filtration rate. A recent meta-analysis suggested serum cystatin C level as a better indicator of kidney function than serum creatinine level [1]. Cystatin C is produced by all nucleated cells, and its level is independent of body composition, in contrast to creatinine, which is produced almost exclusively by skeletal muscles [2,3].

It has been reported that serum cystatin C level is a strong predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events in elderly patients with chronic renal disease or coronary artery disease (CAD) [4,5]. In addition, Maahs et al. [6] reported a statistically important relationship between serum cystatin C level and CAD in type 1 diabetic patients. In contrast, we found no association between serum cystatin C level and CAD in type 2 diabetic patients [7]. Serum cystatin C level was significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy, both in CAD patients and in non-CAD patients. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in serum cystatin C level between CAD and non-CAD patients, regardless of the presence of diabetic nephropathy. The cause of this discrepancy between studies is not clear, but several other studies have reported similar results to those of our study. Serum cystatin C has been used to predict chronic renal disease, but not CAD [8]. In a study of middle-aged subjects, carotid atherosclerosis was found to be associated with microalbuminuria but not with serum cystatin C level [9]. In addition, a recent study by Maahs et al. [10] also reported that, in persons without diabetes mellitus and having relatively normal renal function, increased cystatin C was associated with decreased, rather than increased, CAD progression.

In conclusion, we believe that serum cystatin C level is a useful marker for the assessment of renal function but is not a marker for CAD. However, our study is limited because it was a retrospective case-control study, the study sample was relatively small, and we did not evaluate the associations among cystatin C level and other markers of inflammation or BMI. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the relationship between serum cystatin C and cardiovascular disease.

Topic: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences