jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Communications technology as symbols of institutional legitimacy in the U.S. congress

Low-cost forms of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) such as phone calls, e-mail, faxes, online town halls, constituent databases, and social media are thought to improve Congress’ ability to capture and be responsive to constituent views. However, scholarly work finds evidence that congressional offices do not use ICTs to effectively listen to constituent concerns. Rather, Members of Congress use such technologies primarily for one-way communication and self-promotion, indicating a clear disconnect between the expectations and realities of Congress adopting these technologies for responsive engagement. Using staff survey and interview data collected during ethnographic fieldwork, we find that this disconnect can be partially explained by institutional pressures and interpretations of responsive citizen engagement. Congress adopts ICTs as symbols of responsiveness by efficiently responding to constituents via form letters. The language of responsiveness touted by congressional offices allows staff to bridge public narrative and institutional practice by using the same word to promote different values in constituent engagement. This disconnect leads to a mismatch between the public’s expectations of how ICTs might influence communicative practices by elected officials and how such tools are used in practice.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Focus issue introduction: liquid crystal materials for photonic applications

This special issue, “Liquid Crystal Materials for Photonic Applications,” within the December 2011 publication of Optical Materials Express, highlights recent advances in liquid crystal material research. It features a collection of articles on materials and device properties of blue-phase liquid crystals, dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals, dispersions in nematic and chiral nematic liquid crystals, and of mesophase–polymer composites.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Research update: ‘Grinch’ fungus threatens Christmas trees

Grinch' fungus threatens Christmas trees Pitch canker is killing trees at some Southern California lots where patrons can cut their own Christmas tree.At nurseries like this one, which raises containergrown Monterey pines, growers are keeping an eye out for signs of the disease.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction of and Experimental Support for the Three-Dimensional Structure of Replication Protein A

Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric, multidomain, single-stranded DNA binding protein that is essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Crystallographic and NMR studies on RPA protein fragments have provided structures for all domains; however, intact heterotrimeric RPA has resisted crystallization, and a complete protein structure has not yet been described. In this study, computational methods and experimental reactivity information (MRAN) were used to model the complete structure of RPA. To accomplish this, models of RPA's globular domains and its domain-linking regions were docked in various orders. We also determined rates of proteolytic cleavage and amino acid side chain chemical modifications in native, solution state RPA. These experimental data were used to select alternate modeling intermediates and final structural models, leading to a single model most consistent with our results. Using molecular dynamics simulations and multiple rounds of simulated annealing, we then relaxed this structural model and examined its flexibility. The family of resultant models is consistent with other, previously published, critical lines of evidence and with experimental reactivity data presented herein.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
New Data on the Stomiid Teleost Bathophilus nigerrimus from Mediterranean Waters

In this paper new data on the scaleless dragonfish Bathophilus nigerrimus Giglioli 1882 (Stomiidae) are provided. We examined an individual found stranded on the shore of the Sicilian coast of the Strait of Messina on February 2, 2019. Additional data were retrieved by two more specimens from the same study area: from the first one, found stranded on March 1992, morphometric and meristic data were taken, and from the second, collected in good condition from a stomach of the carangid Trachurus picturatus, microincrement counts from otolith were performed. We also used data from bibliography to reconstruct the relationship between total (TL) and standard length (SL) for this species. The comparison between our data and the counts of meristic characters in previous records reveals that the number of pectoral fin rays is quite variable, due to the bad condition of some preserved specimens or damages from trawling. The analysis of the stomach content allowed to observe that a large prey (Diaphus holti; 78.89% of predator size) was present, suggesting that B. nigerrimus may base its feeding strategy on the consumption of large meals (e.g. other meso- and bathy-pelagic teleosts), to obtain an energetic advantage in deep waters. For the first time, the analysis of otolith microstructure allowed to count 231 and 168 microincrements in the examined individuals (54 and 37 mm SL, respectively). The new data reported in the present paper can be considered a step forward in the understanding of the biology and ecology of B. nigerrimus.

Topic: Ichthyology and Marine Biology
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leveraging Uncertainty: Private gains at public cost by PMEs

Abstract: Incidences of patent litigation have increased dramatically in recent years. A growing share of this activity is being taken by patent monetization entities (PMEs). Through descriptive statistics and case studies, this article explores the relationship between PMEs, patent litigation and market uncertainty. The lack of rigid judiciary structure within the field of software patenting has left it particularly susceptible to uncertainty. The goal is to incrementally advance the knowledge base

Topic: Intellectual Property and Patents
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Developing Islamic Economic and Finance Literacy among Insurance Brokers

Islamic economics and finance are experiencing rapid global growth; however, literacy within Indonesia’s insurance brokerage sector remains low, necessitating empowerment initiatives to enhance understanding and compliance with Sharia principles. This community empowerment initiative aims to improve Islamic economic and financial literacy among insurance brokers by introducing the principles of Sharia contracts and examining the potentials and challenges of the Islamic insurance brokerage industry. The workshop was held on July 4, 2025, at PT. Perisai Bhakti Raharjo involved 29 participants and employed a participatory approach combining interactive lectures, case discussions, and group-based problem-solving sessions. The outcomes significantly improved participants’ understanding of Sharia financial concepts. The majority could differentiate between conventional and Islamic insurance, comprehend the role of Islamic insurance brokers, and recognize the application of Sharia contracts in financial transactions. These findings indicate that community-based, participatory learning effectively enhances Sharia financial literacy and professional competence, particularly in underexplored sectors such as insurance brokerage. This workshop is a practical reference and a replicable model for similar initiatives to increase Sharia compliance awareness within Indonesia’s financial sector. In conclusion, the Islamic Economic and Finance Literacy Workshop for Insurance Brokers improved participants’ understanding of the challenges and opportunities within the Islamic insurance industry, the foundational Islamic legal principles, and the application of Sharia-compliant contractual mechanisms.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Shallow water flow on a rotating circular cylinder. 1st report. The case of a still cylinder.

Direct strip casting is attracting attention as a new method of production of steel plates. This paper describes the results of an investigation on how a liquid such as water flows on a circular cylinder. Depending on the nozzle height and water velocity at the nozzle exit, a roll wave, stationary-centrifugal-force wave, long wavelength wave, ripple and dimples appear, and a range of mirror-like surface flow between the exit Reynolds numbers of the roll wave and a stationary-centrifugal-force wave exists. The variations of water depth in the circumferencial direction are also measured.

Topic: Fluid dynamics and aerodynamics studies
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Philosophic analysis of a theory of clinical nursing.

Knowledge in nursing requires development of theories that address both the science and art of the professional practice discipline. "A Theory of Clinical Nursing" was analyzed to explicate the epistemologic dimensions within an historic perspective. Epistemologic dimensions defined by the philosophy of science--approaches to theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology--were characterized from two perspectives, scientific inquiry and historicism. The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology. Trends in theoretical developments in nursing were related to the scientific and historic perspectives and to the epistemologic dimensions. Juxtaposing the diversity of knowledge required for nursing science and practice, and the values systems of the practitioners, revealed the inadequacy of the scientific model. Nursing knowledge explication required several modes of inquiry to articulate the scientific basis of the discipline and the art of delivery of the practice. The historicist approach framed scientific work with the prevailing World View. The Rubin theory was located within the matrix of approaches to inquiry and perspectives in nursing science. Labeled by the theorist as both a nursing research and a nursing care model, "A Theory of Clinical Nursing" represented a transition model of nursing, undergirded by the major conceptualizations and methodologies of field, psychoanalytic, and social behaviorist traditions, but implicitly coalescing the art with the science of nursing. The theory addressed core concepts of person, situation, and nursing care, as well as major process themes of change and interaction. Nursing theories of a more narrow range, such as maternal role attainment and maternal identity, nested within the theory, while subsequent theoretical clarifications and expansions have been constructed by students of the theorist. In the hierarchy of knowledge conceptualizations, Rubin's theory represents a disciplinary matrix: ordering theories, methods, and exemplars; giving direction to the development of theories of nursing that address empirical problems of the discipline; and cohering to the metaparadigm of nursing. Philosophic analysis of theories of nursing can yield an articulated, clearly depicted framework of concepts and their relationships from which new understandings may emerge.

Topic: Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership
Subfield: Issues, ethics and legal aspects
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
“. . . If You’re Not Part of the Institution You Fall by the Wayside”: Service Providers’ Perspectives on Moving Young Men From Disconnection and Isolation to Connection and Belonging

There have been increasing calls for more gender-specific service provision to support young men’s (20-29 years) mental health and well-being. In Ireland, young men are the demographic group that are most likely to die by suicide but among the least likely to seek help. This study sought to investigate service providers’ perspectives on the factors that support or inhibit young men from engaging in services targeted at supporting their mental/emotional well-being. Qualitative methodologies (focus groups, n = 9; interviews, n = 7) were used for this study. Disconnection from family and community was identified as a key indicator of “at-risk” groups of young men who, more typically, had experienced significant disruption in their lives. The discord between demands and expectations facing young men on one hand, and insufficient life-management and coping skills on the other, left many young men vulnerable and bereft. The desire to save face and preserve one’s masculine identity was linked to young men’s reluctance to seek help when feeling down. There was a strong consensus that there could be no shortcuts to [re]connecting with young men. While sport, technology, and social media were cited as appropriate media in which to engage young men, the essence of sustained connection revolved around creating safety, trust, rapport, and meaningful relationships. The findings from this study have informed the development of a Train the Trainer program (“Connecting with Young Men”), which is currently being delivered to service providers in Ireland and which may have implications for service provision elsewhere.

Topic: Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effect of increasing elevation on leaf cuticle thickness and cuticular transpiration in balsam fir

First-year needles and stems of Abies balsamea were collected at the end of the growing season along an elevational gradient on Mt. Moosilauke, NH. Tissue was sampled from the base (732 m), midslope (1143 m), forest limit (1402 m), and tree line (1455 m). Mean cuticle thickness on the adaxial needle surface decreased with increasing elevation from 3.01 to 2.21 μm. A similar decline was observed for the cutinized cell wall at the lower three elevations. Associated with the decline in cuticular thickness was a 59.3% increase in the rate of cuticular water loss per gram dry weight from 732 to 1402 m. The amount of epicuticular wax and other features of leaf anatomy were also examined along the elevational gradient. The high rates of cuticular water loss in these subalpine trees increase the risk of desiccation damage at high elevations and support the concept that they can be a contributing factor in the formation of alpine tree line.

Topic: Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparation of Unshaped Granular Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell by Phosphoric Acid Activation

Coconut shell was used to prepare unshaped granular activated carbon by phosphoric acid activation. The effects of the preparation conditions on the properties of activated carbon were discussed. The results showed that with the increasing of impregnation ratio,the adsorption values of acetate and zinc acetate on activated carbon increased,but its apparent density and intensity decreased. The raise of activation temperature and dry temperature benefited the increase of the adsorption value of zinc acetate,apparent density,and intensity. Under impregnation ratio 1. 25 ∶ 1,activation temperature 400 ℃,and dry temperature120 ℃,the adsorption value of acetate and zinc acetate,apparent density and intensity were 546 mg / g,61 g / L,0. 395 g / m L,and84. 4%,respectively. The indexes of the activated carbon accorded with the requirement of national standard GB / T 13803. 5—1999.

Topic: Natural Products and Applications
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Common anesthetic molecules prefer to partition in liquid disorder phase domain in a composite multicomponent membrane

Despite a vast clinical application of anesthetics, the molecular level of understanding of general anesthesia is far from our reach. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, we study the effects of common anesthetics: ethanol, chloroform and methanol in the fully hydrated symmetric multicomponent lipid bilayer membrane comprising of an unsaturated palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (POPC), a saturated palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (PSM) and cholesterol (Chol) which exhibits phase coexistence of liquid-ordered (lo) - liquid disordered (ld) phase domains. We find that the mechanical and physical properties such as the thickness and rigidity of the membrane are reduced while the lateral expansion of the membrane is exhibited in presence of anesthetic molecules. Our simulation shows both lateral and transverse heterogeneity of the anesthetics in the composite multicomponent lipid membrane. Both ethanol and chloroform partition in the POPC-rich ld phase domain, while methanol is distributed in both lo-ld phase domains. Chloroform can penetrate deep into the membrane, while methanol partitions mostly at the water layer closed to the head-group and ethanol at the neck of the lipids in the membrane.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A clinical study of seven cases undergoing resection of primary duodenal carcinoma.

原発性十二指腸癌7切除例を対象として臨床的検討を行った. 5例はUGI, 内視鏡, 生検の3者で診断可能であったが, 2例は膵癌の十二指腸浸潤との鑑別が困難であった. しかしUSとCTで膵癌を否定しえた. 血管造影では4例中2例が十二指腸原発と確認しえた. さらに切除可能性, 根治性を推定するのに有用であった. リンパ節転移は全例に認められ, 非治癒切除4例中3例の非治癒因子, 治癒切除後再発2例中1例の再発因子となっていた. したがって, 乳頭上部癌では膵頭部癌第1群リンパ節郭清をともなう膵頭十二指腸切除を原則とし, 乳頭下部癌では腸間膜根部リンパ節をより徹底郭清し状況によっては血管合併切除再建が必要と思われた.

Topic: Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integrability in theories with local<i>U</i>(1) gauge symmetry

Using a recently developed method, based on a generalization of the zero curvature representation of Zakharov and Shabat, we study the integrability structure in the Abelian Higgs model. It is shown that the model contains integrable sectors, where integrability is understood as the existence of infinitely many conserved currents. In particular, a gauge invariant description of the weak and strong integrable sectors is provided. The pertinent integrability conditions are given by a U(1) generalization of the standard strong and weak constraints for models with two dimensional target space. The Bogomolny sector is discussed, as well, and we find that each Bogomolny configuration supports infinitely many conserved currents. Finally, other models with U(1) gauge symmetry are investigated.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Triticum aestivum L. AGG 36678 WHEA

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L.<br>Common name(s): Wheat<br>Other names: NAPAROO<br>Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia<br>Local sample unique identifier: AGG 36678 WHEA<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2009-07-28<br>Other identifiers: n/a,SUN414F<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar<br>MLS status: Not included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Description of Enchytronia pygmaea sp. n. (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata), a very small enchytraeid in European soils

&lt;p&gt;A new and very small European species of terrestrial enchytraeids is described, Enchytronia pygmaea sp. nov.&lt;br&gt; (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta). It differs from all enchytraeids known so far in the chaetal pattern: lateral bundles have 2&lt;br&gt; chaetae from segment II to V, 0 from segment VI to XII–XV, and only 1 chaeta in lateral postclitellar bundles; ventral&lt;br&gt; bundles have 2 chaetae. A further peculiarity is the presence of only 1 pair of preclitellar nephridia. The species must be&lt;br&gt; considered as widespread as it is recorded here from 17 different localities distributed over seven European countries ranging&lt;br&gt; from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean zone.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Copper(<scp>I</scp>)‐Assembled Pseudorotaxanes Bearing Bis(nitrile) Ligands: Selective Formation of Large Chelate Rings

Abstract The syntheses of two novel Cu I ‐bis(benzonitrile) complexes of the type [Cu(dCN n ) 2 ][PF 6 ] {where dCN n = NCPhO(CH 2 ) n OPhCN, n = 3, 4} are described. Both compounds have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. To our surprise, and although the two complexes were quite similar, two very distinct structures were obtained. For the [Cu(dCN 4 ) 2 ][PF 6 ] complex, a tetrahedral geometry was observed whereas for [Cu(dCN 3 ) 2 ][PF 6 ], a polymeric assembly was formed. A further extension of this work involved the syntheses of two threaded species bearing the M30 macrocycle, Cu metal and a dCN n ligand. The formation of the desired complexes was confirmed by means of mass spectrometry as well as 1‐D and 2‐D 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the cyclic voltammograms of all 4 new species were recorded giving rise to redox potentials ranging from +0.88 to +1.25 V. These new threaded complexes are of particular interest since they can form the basis of novel rotaxane structures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

Topic: Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein G476S mutation on the interaction with human ACE-2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies

Abstract The G476S mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein occurs in the receptor binding domain (RBD), the region that binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor and also the main target for neutralizing antibodies. The 476S variant was first reported in the USA. Emerging evidence show that the 476S variant resists neutralization by antibodies such as S2E12 and CC6.29. The impact of the mutation on the interactions with hACE-2 receptor and the dynamics of the S-protein, has not been not fully explored. Here, we provide insights into the structure dynamics of the 476S variant and investigate the impact of the mutation on interactions with hACE-2 and selected neutralizing antibodies. We report that the mutation induces a destabilization effect in the RBD and an increased flexibility for most of the receptor binding residues. The mutation, however, does not affect the interactions with the hACE-2 receptor. Both Gly-476 and Ser-476, although located within the hACE-2 interacting residue hotspot, do not contribute to the stabilization of the RBD-hACE-2 complex. Our findings suggest that both H014 and P2P-2F6 antibodies neutralize the 476G and 476S S-proteins with similar efficacy.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE RETURN OF PAIN SENSIBILITY IN FULL THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS

Journal Article THE RETURN OF PAIN SENSIBILITY IN FULL THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS Get access J. R. NAPIER J. R. NAPIER Department of Anatomy, St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 75, Issue 2, June 1952, Pages 147–166, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/75.2.147 Published: 01 June 1952

Topic: Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences