jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pietrele. A Chalcolithic Settlement at the Lower Danube.

The booklet is an add on to the exibition organized in 2007 by Giurgiu Museum, reuniting old (1940s) and new (2000s) discoveries.Svend Hansen and Meda Toderaș study "Pietrele. A Chalcolithic Settlement at the Lower Danube" highlight this period as a crucial transformation from hunter-gatherer to agricultural ways of life, emphasizing its profound consequences for human existence and the social organization of societies . Their analysis extends to the implications of the complex production skills observed in ceramics, metal, and bone tools at Pietrele. These skills suggest the presence of larger and more sophisticated communities than commonly assumed for Copper Age sites, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of Copper Age societies in the Lower Danube region Recent excavations have yielded significant new findings not previously documented for Copper Age settlements. These include geomagnetic investigations revealing building developments at the tell's base, alongside the discovery of a large circular ditch and, for the first time, unburned houses in a Copper Age settlement along the Lower Danube. Notable discoveries, such as a marble figurine of Aegean origin, are also highlighted, indicating early trade relations with distant regions.Bogdan Tanasescu's work at Pietrele centers on the practical aspects of archaeological investigation. He is noted for his involvement in excavations and the management of small finds databases in Giurgiu. Furthermore, Tanasescu's contributions are intrinsically linked to the Giurgiu Museum, which has been associated with the archaeological site of Pietrele “Gorgana” since its initial campaigns. He reconstitue the past excavations, meaning the initial one of Dumitru Berciu, an also some illegal ones done in the 80s.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Anterior locking plate fixation versus cast immobilization for acceptably reduced extra- articular distal radial fractures: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

This study reports the long-term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing anterior locking plate fixation with cast immobilization for extra-articular distal radial fractures. After 5.3 years of follow-up, no clinically relevant functional differences were found.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
3D Imaging for Facilitation of Totally Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery

Objective: Minimally invasive video assisted mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) is well established. Mostly operations are done with predominantly direct vision because of the obvious limits of 2D imaging. Recently available 3D video-endoscopic systems with HD resolution are expected to facilitate totally endoscopic MV surgery. The results of using 3D technology for MIMVS and the transition to totally endoscopic MIMVS in the first year are presented.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study on a novel chemical slurry and the mechanical behavior of cemented sand

To enhance the strength and stability of the fine sandy soil in underground engineering construction, a novel chemical slurry was studied. Series of laboratory tests were performed to determine the effect of each component on the rheological properties of grout (e.g. viscosity, gel time and plastic strength). The relationship of the penetrability of grout in sand with different densities was explored by the falling-head permeability test. To assess the performance of cementation, the cemented sand specimens were prepared in the laboratory by hand mixing of grout and loose sand. A range of unconfined uniaxial compression tests, split tensile tests and direct shear tests were performed to determine the effect of several vital factors (e.g. the curing time, grout mix ratio and water content) on the mechanical properties of the cemented sand. As revealed from the results of the experiment, the slurry pertains to Newton fluid in the initial stage, which exhibits lower initial viscosity (2 mPa·s), controllable gel time (5–20 min) and higher plastic strength (35 kPa). In terms of the cemented sand, the maximal cohesion and friction angle is 403.8 kPa and 65°; the biggest compressive strength and tensile strength is 3.68 and 0.37 MPa. The slurry can enhance the strength and stiffness of the loose sand significantly, whereas the degree of improvement is dependent of the grout mix ratio and water content of cemented sand.

Topic: Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reproductive control in elephant: a tool for population and aggression management

Although Asian elephant is listed among the endangered species, the number of populations is over the carrying capacity in some areas, resulting in human-elephant conflict, as well as African elephants. High aggression associated with musth and female reproductive pathology are observed in captive elephants. Thus, population and aggression management through reproductive control is an alternative method for mitigating these problems. This article reviews methods of reproductive control in both Asian and African elephants with an overview of male and female reproductive physiology. Hormonal control and immunocontraception, i.e. porcine zona pellucida and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), are described for the control of reproduction, musth and reproductive pathology.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Alternatives to Improve Operational Traffic in Roundabouts Using Microsimulation

Roundabout in urban arterials are likely to block roads or generate long queues of vehicles due to the constant changes on urban dynamics near to the interception. Several alternatives to modify the flow pattern or geometry and infrastructure need to be study previously to propose a final design solution of roundabout with traffic issues. In this study, a review of three alternatives to improve the operational traffic are discussed; signalized intersection, turbo-roundabouts and overpass/underpass. In addition, the application of these alternatives is evaluated in a “classic” roundabout located at Tunja city that has a maximum of 3691 Veh/h counted and it is operated in saturated condition. Microsimulation is used from a calibrated model with volume counted, vehicle composition and speeds in the VISSIM software. Results show that signalize the roundabout does not improve the operational traffic (with a reduction on 38% of approach speed) and, the turbo-roundabouts are a mid-term solution that meet the traffic demand on 15 years with a progressively loss of service (with a mean approach speed of 6.4 Km/h at 15 years). The constructions of underpass and overpass show to be the only solution that increase four times the travel speed throw the roundabout and keep acceptable speed at the end of cyclic live of intersection (18.7 Km/h at 20 years).

Topic: Traffic control and management
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cariogenic Bacteria as Biomarkers for Sugar Intake

Cariogenic bacteria (lactobacilli and mutans streptococci) in saliva are possible biomarkers for sugar intake. We evaluated the strength of the evidence for an association between sugar intake and the two groups of bacteria, and concluded that there is a limited to moderately scientific basis for this association. Because of many confounding factors, bacteria counts can never be used as a precise measurement of sugar intake, but might still be useful on a group level.

Topic: Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of high hydrostatic pressure and ultrasounds technologies in the autolytic process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model wine system

Autolysis plays a crucial role as a technological tool in the ageing process of specific wines. This includes white, red and sparkling wines. During ageing on the lees, yeasts release different compounds that positively modify the composition of the wine. However, traditional autolytic methods can be time-consuming. This work evaluates the use of different ultrasound (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments to expedite the autolytic process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model wine system. The results suggest that treating yeast cells with US resulted in a faster release of nucleic acids, proteins, and total polysaccharides compared to HHP treatment. The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of the treated lees demonstrated that the impact on the yeast cell surface was more pronounced after exposure to US compared to treatments involving HHP. In conclusion, under these conditions the US treatment effectively triggered autolysis in the wine yeast strain, facilitating the release of macromolecules in a model wine.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EVALUATION OF AIR DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY FOR ASSESSING BODY DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN FEMALE ATHLETES

Body composition measures are important to female athletes and team personnel to assess training effectiveness and to monitor for adverse physiological changes. The use of multi-compartment models, which often require a measure of total body density (Db), are necessary to provide a more accurate measure of body composition in female athletes due to possible alterations in the densities and proportions of the fat-free masses. Traditionally, Db has been determined by hydrostatic weighing (HW). Recently, air displacement plethysmography (AP; Bod Pod; Life Measurement Instruments, Inc) has been proposed as an alternative technique for Db determination. PURPOSE: To compare AP measures of body volume (VbAP) and body density (DbAP) with HW measures of body volume (VbHW) and body density (DbHW), and to compare resulting 4-compartment model %Fat (4-Comp %Fat) measures when DbAP was substituted for DbHW in a group of female athletes. METHODS: Twenty-five female intercollegiate athletes completed AP, HW with residual volume measures, and additional body composition measures during a single testing session. Paired t-test were used to compare VbAP to VbHW, DbAP to DbHW, and 4-Comp %Fat measures. Regression analyses and total errors (TE) were used to assess the strengths of these relationships. RESULTS: Group mean comparisons (mean ± SE) showed that VbAP (62.09 ± 1.40 L) and DbAP (1.0455 ± 0.0023 g/cc) were significantly different (p < 0.01) from VbHW (61.37 ± 1.36 L) and DbHW (1.0584 ± 0.0021g/cc). Significant correlations were found for the Vb (r = 1.00) and Db (r = 0.84) measures. TE for Vb and Db were 0.83 L and 0.0143 g/cc, respectively. Further analysis revealed that 4-Comp %Fat (mean ± SE) using DbAP (24.8 ± 1.2%) was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than 4-Comp %Fat using DbHW (21.7 ± 1.2%). The correlation and TE between 4-Comp %Fat measures was r = 0.96 and 3.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data show that AP systematically underestimated Db, and overestimated Vb and 4-Comp %Fat compared to HW measures in this group of female athletes.

Topic: Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The effects of starvation and refeeding on the musculature of the marine teleost Pollachius virens L

Chapter 1. A brief introduction is given reviewing the physiology and biochemistry of fish myotomal muscle. Aspects of protein turnover and metabolism in muscle are discussed and related with previous studies on starvation and refeeding in both mammals and fish. Chapter 2. The marine teleost Pollachius virens L. undergoes a natural starvation during the winter months, and provides a reversible, non-pathological model for studying muscle wasting. In this study fish were kept without food under laboratory conditions for up to 12 weeks. The effects of starvation on muscle fibre cross-sectional area, volume fractions of mitochondria and myofibrils, and capillary supply were determined. Mechanisms of myofibrillar degradation during muscle wasting are discussed. Chapter 3. Starvation in the winter months is followed by a period of refeeding in the late spring, and the musculature degraded during the winter is regenerated. In the present study muscle fine structure has been investigated for fish kept without food, under laboratory conditions, for 74 days, and following 10, 20, and 54 days' refeeding. Muscle fibre cross-sectional area, capillary supply, and volume fractions of myofibrils, nuclei and mitochondria were determined from electron micrographs, using digital planimetry and stereological techniques. In contrast to the starvation atrophy observed in chapter 2 the 74 day starvation reported in this chapter resulted in a decrease in the mean fibre cross-sectional area in both fast and slow muscle. Chapter 4. Experiments were performed using SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to consider the effects of starvation on the relative abundance of actin and myosin heavy chains. Both slow and fast muscle proteins were analysed from control and 66 day starved fish, using densitometric scans of comassie blue stained polyacrylamide gels. The results were expressed as the ratio of each protein relative to actin. Chapter 5. A wide range of biochemical parameters were determined to consider the metabolic effects of starvation and refeeding in saithe. Chapter 6. This chapter investigates the involvement of acid hydrolases and the lysosomal system in muscle atrophy and regeneration, during starvation and refeeding. The results suggest a role for lysosomal enzymes in the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins during starvation. Chapter 7. The results are discussed with reference to the overall strategy of fish to survive starvation immediately followed by a period of rapid muscle repair and growth, during refeeding. The mechanisms Involved in the disassembly and degradation of the myofibrillar proteins are discussed with specific reference to the involvment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules and proteinases. Suggestions are made for further work that may give an insight into some of the questions generated by this research.

Topic: Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN WEB 2.0 TOOLS DAN DEMING CYCLE PADA MATAKULIAH PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA

&lt;p&gt;This is a Quasi Experimental research which aimed to know the effectiveness of implementing Project Based Learning (PBL) with assistance of Web 2.0 tools and Deming Cycle towards the learning achievement in Mathematics Problem Soving Course of undergraduate students in Primary School Teacher Education Program in Satya Wacana Christian Univerisity (PGSD, UKSW). This research included 52 students which were devided into two classes consist of 26 students. In the experimental group, the treatment were given by implementing a PBL with Web 2.0 tools and Deming Cycle whereas in control group, PBL was implemented but without the use of Web 2.0 tools and Deming Cycle. The T-Test anylisis showed that the experimental group had the significant increasing of learning achievement compare to the control group. As the result, in the third term of 2013/2014 accademic year, it is effective to improve students learning achievement in Mathematics Problem Solving Course by implementing PBL with the assistance of Web 2.0 tools and Deming Cylce.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
What will happen to my smolt at harvest? Individually tagged Atlantic salmon help to understand possible progression and regression of vertebral deformities

Vertebral deformities can impair health, welfare, and product quality in farmed Atlantic salmon. Deformities detected early in the production cycle raise questions about their further development: which types of deformities will progress and which types of deformities will worsen over time? To study this, Atlantic salmon parr (start experimental feeding weight 13.5 g) were fed diets with low (6.8 g/kg), regular (10.0 g/kg), or high (13.0 g/kg) total dietary P for 11 weeks to provoke deformities. This was followed by long-term monitoring of deformity development up to harvest size (4.5 kg) through repeated radiology of individually tagged animals. Further insights were obtained by histological analyses, mineral analyses, and testing for mechanical properties of vertebral centra. Four categories of deformity development were defined: (1) recovery, (2) containment, (3) progression, and (4) late-onset. Deformities detected early, in freshwater, which affected the vertebral centra but not the intervertebral joints, could fully recover in seawater. These involved low-mineralised vertebrae, single vertically shifted vertebrae, hyper-dense vertebrae (HDV), and two or three adjacent vertebrae with compression-related deformities. HDV were provoked by low dietary P but disappeared in seawater. Fusions were either contained (two to three vertebrae) (stable vertebral fusions) or progressed (more than three vertebrae) (progressive vertebral fusions). Vertical shifts, fusions, and compressions could also have a late-onset in seawater but did not develop into severe deformities in harvest size animals. In conclusion, low-mineralised vertebrae and HDV are abundant in animals with LP diet history but can recover in seawater. The frequency of all other types of deformities was not significantly different among animals of different diet history groups. Under the current experimental conditions, a period of high or low dietary P in freshwater had no significant effect on the prevalence of early- or late-onset deformities at harvest.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Budesonide Nasal Irrigations Comparison with Saline Irrigations During Postoperative Care of Patients with Rhinosinusitis

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of budesonide nasal irrigations compared with saline irrigations during postoperative care of patients with rhinosinusitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of 100 participants each (normal saline [NS] + budesonide irrigation and NS irrigation alone, respectively). Pre- and post-operative evaluation was done with a 22-item sinonasal outcomes test (SNOT-22), and Lund Kennedy endoscopic (LKE scores) in second and sixth week. Results: The condition of the patients significantly improved in both intervention arms related to SNOT-22 and LKE score at each postoperative visit (Group A: p<0.001, Group B: p<0.001). A Repeated measures ANOVA F- test shows that mean SNOT-22 score difference is statistically significant between Preoperative, Postoperative (6th week), (p≤0.001). The significant P value of ≤ 0.001 “between groups” comparison shows that the two groups are statistically significantly different concerning the LKE score. It indicates that, in general, the LKE score of category A had been different from category B. Conclusion: Steroid nasal irrigation is a good option in postoperative EES patients. The difference of reduction of both SNOT 22 score and LKE score was statistically significant (p <0.05 and p<0.01 respectively) by repeated contrast test. This study is one of the few comparative studies evaluating budesonide and saline nasal irrigations in post-ESS patients.

Topic: Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Nomenclature and mechanisms of early pregnancy loss

Introduction Early pregnancy loss before 12 weeks' gestation is a common event that causes a great deal of distress to women and their partners alike. Approximately one in five pregnancies will end in pregnancy loss which represents a considerable burden on individuals as well as the health care providers. Recent guidance clearly sets standards for healthcare at the time of diagnosis and management of early pregnancy complications. The core standard should be that all patients are assessed and managed within an early pregnancy unit (EPU).1,2As miscarriage causes such strong emotional reaction, it is apparent that the great majority of sufferers clearly remember the event process leading up to loss. Most early pregnancy complications will have undergone ultrasound scan assessment. Many women recall precise details of ultrasound findings before or at the time of diagnosis. As a consequence there is a need to improve our description of early pregnancy events so that care providers and patients understand each other and use the same language to describe these findings. Upon this basis and using a pragmatic approach an attempt to replace old and misunderstood terms like "blighted ovum" has been made.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Formal frameworks for workflow modelling

We survey formal frameworks for workflow modelling. We summarise important aspects of workflow management and approaches to evaluate current workflow management systems. We discuss a number of formalisms for workflow modelling, namely Petri nets, Temporal Logic, and Transaction Logic. We decribe how these formalisms are used specifically for workflow modelling, their possibilities and their disadvantages.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Rabi switch of condensate wavefunctions in a multicomponent Bose gas

Using a time-dependent linear (Rabi) coupling between the components of a weakly interacting multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), we propose a protocol for transferring the wavefunction of one component to the other. This "Rabi switch" can be generated in a binary BEC mixture by an electromagnetic field between the two components, typically two hyperfine states. When the wavefunction to be transfered is - at a given time - a stationary state of the multicomponent Hamiltonian, then, after a time delay (depending on the Rabi frequency), it is possible to have the same wavefunction on the other condensate. The Rabi switch can be used to transfer also moving bright matter-wave solitons, as well as vortices and vortex lattices in two-dimensional condensates. The efficiency of the proposed switch is shown to be 100% when inter-species and intra-species interaction strengths are equal. The deviations from equal interaction strengths are analyzed within a two-mode model and the dependence of the efficiency on the interaction strengths and on the presence of external potentials is examined in both 1D and 2D settings.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reform During Crisis: The Transformation of California's Fiscal System During the Great Depression

In the midst of the Great Depression, California engaged in a massive restructuring of its tax system, reducing reliance on the property tax and introducing sales and income taxes. Our analysis suggests that this restructuring, which included a voter referendum, was primarily driven by a desire to change the mix rather than the level of taxation. Nonetheless, by introducing new taxes that had a higher revenue elasticity than the existing taxes, California created a revenue system that allowed the rapid growth of spending to continue.

Topic: Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences