jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure of an Ectodermally Expressed Sea Urchin Metallothionein Gene and Characterization of Its Metal-Responsive Region

The metallothionein-A gene in the metallothionein gene family of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (SpMTA gene) was sequenced and found to contain three coding exons plus a 3' entirely noncoding exon. Putative alpha and beta MT domains were encoded, by its exons 2 and 3, respectively, in reverse of the order in vertebrate metallothionein genes. The SpMTA promoter was characterized through the expression of recombinant constructs containing various portions of the proximal 678-base-pair (bp) 5'-flanking region of the SpMTA gene. Zygotes injected with constructs were cultured to the blastula stage in the presence of a heavy-metal chelator and then incubated in the presence or absence of cadmium. The longest constructs were expressed only when heavy-metal ion was present. Two putative metal-responsive elements (MREs a and b) within 240 bp of the transcription start site resembled mammalian MREs in their critical 8-bp cores (TGCRCNCS) and in their locations relative to each other and to the TATA box. Elimination of activity by site-specific mutations in MREs a and b, separately or in both, identified them as metal regulatory elements. Thus, MRE recognition in this invertebrate resembles that in vertebrates. Upstream sites with single-mismatched MREs neither acted as MREs nor amplified the activity of MREs a and b. The SpMTA, Spec1, and CyIIIa actin genes, which have the same ectodermal specificity, have common DNA elements at relatively similar locations in their promoter regions; however, these elements are insufficient in themselves to promote gene expression.

Topic: Trace Elements in Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
An Automotive Vacuum Pump Driven by Exhaust Pressure Pulsations

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many new fuel-efficient automobiles are equipped with vacuum pumps to assist the operation of pneumatically actuated systems such as mode valves for heating and air conditioning. These pumps are driven by the engine through either mechanical or electrical interfaces and, therefore, consume engine power and decrease fuel economy. To eliminate the fuel economy penalty associated with an auxiliary vacuum source, a new vacuum pump that is powered by pressure pulsations in engine exhaust gas has been designed and tested.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Performance tests have revealed that the pump could evacuate a 5.0-L tank from 100 kPa to 67 kPa in less than 2.5 seconds at all engine operating conditions. The minimum tank pressure attained was 21 kPa to 43 kPa, depending on engine speed and load. This performance should permit satisfactory operation of typical pneumatically actuated vehicle systems, but vehicle validation of the pump would be required before it could be considered for production.&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Accelerating Image-based Pest Detection on a Heterogeneous Multicore Microcontroller

The codling moth pest poses a significant threat to global crop production, with potential losses of up to 80% in apple orchards. Special camera-based sensor nodes are deployed in the field to record and transmit images of trapped insects to monitor the presence of the pest. This article investigates the embedding of computer vision algorithms in the sensor node using a novel state-of-the-art microcontroller unit (MCU), the GreenWaves Technologies' GAP9 system-on-chip, which combines 10 RISC-V general purposes cores with a convolution hardware accelerator. We compare the performance of a lightweight Viola–Jones detector algorithm with a convolutional neural network (CNN), MobileNetV3-SSDLite, trained for the pest detection task. On two datasets that differentiate for the distance between the camera sensor and the pest targets, the CNN generalizes better than the other method and achieves a detection accuracy between 83% and 72%. Thanks to the GAP9’s CNN accelerator, the CNN inference task takes only 147 ms to process a 320 × 240 pixel image. Compared to the GAP8 MCU, which only relies on general-purpose cores for processing, we achieved 9.5× faster inference speed. When running on a 1000 mAh battery at 3.7 V, the estimated lifetime is approximately 199 days, processing an image every 30 s. Our study demonstrates that the novel heterogeneous MCU can perform end-to-end CNN inference with an energy consumption of just 4.85 mJ, matching the efficiency of the simpler Viola–Jones algorithm and offering power consumption up to 15× lower than previous methods.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Stratification and mixing in exchange flows in sea straits

Abstract. Quantifying the transport through relatively narrow straits connecting basins with differing fluid properties is an important issue both at large and small scale. Prediction of lateral exchange rates, both dynamically and historically, can be thought of as a progression from hydraulics to mixing. This progression and the roles of mixing, stratification and the effects of flow unsteadiness are discussed in this work.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pleat Effects With Alternative Materials and Finishing Methods

In this study, various pleating methods formed by shrinking and finishing are experienced as an alternative to the pleats formed with weaving method, numerical and visual values of these methods were determined and in the conclusion part, their contributions to new design ideas were analyzed. In the experimental study, the factors such as weaving method, structure, and density were kept at standard values, besides polyurethane-elastomer, wool and cotton yarns that could shrink under different conditions were used as variable groups. As a result, it was observed that the results obtained from the fabrics passing through alternative processes such as the use of elastomer, fulling, and caustic soda application, supported ‘the local shrinking on fabrics and clothes’ idea.

Topic: Textile materials and evaluations
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Le Psychedelik Orkestar Project - Derviche Massala

Premier album d'un projet collectif reunissant les musiciens de trois groupes produits par Salamah (Lakay, Robert Spline et Schvedranne), cet album reussit a meler les sonorites des groupes sans en faire une bete addition. Psychedelik Orkestar Project, de son petit nom Le POP a, dans ce contexte, particulierement bien choisi le nom de son album, en reference au massala, un melange de differentes epices. Et dans ce melange, on retrouve une base de sonorites electro sublimees par un jeu sur les (...)

Topic: Caribbean and African Literature and Culture
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
C‐reactive protein and incident diabetes in patients with arterial disease

Abstract Introduction Systemic low‐grade inflammation, as measured by high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs CRP ), may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with manifest arterial disease. Methods Cohort study in 4072 patients with manifest arterial disease without diabetes. The relation between quartiles of hs CRP and type 2 diabetes was assessed with Cox regression analyses, taking age, smoking and blood pressure–lowering medication and lipid‐lowering medication into account. Insulin resistance was estimated with homeostasis model of insulin resistance ( HOMA ‐ IR ). In exploratory models, adjustments were performed for body mass index ( BMI ) and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. Results During a median follow‐up of 5·0 ( IQR 2·5–8·2) years, 288 subjects developed diabetes. High hs CRP was independently associated with incident diabetes (Q4 vs. Q1 males: HR 1·62; 95% CI 1·06–2·48; females: HR 3·12; 95% CI 1·57–6·21). HOMA ‐ IR at baseline is related to hs CRP plasma levels (Q4 vs. Q1: males: β 0·27; 95% CI 0·19–0·36; females: β 0·35; 95% CI 0·22–0·48). The risk of diabetes associated with hs CRP was abolished in males (Q4 vs. 1 HR 1·23; 95% CI 0·80–1·88) and attenuated in females (Q4 vs. 1 HR 2·32; 95% CI 1·14–4·75) after adding BMI to the model, but not modified by statin use ( P for interaction: 0·61). Conclusions Patients with manifest arterial disease with high hs CRP plasma levels are at increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and are more insulin resistant as compared to those with low hs CRP levels. This increase in risk is more pronounced in females than in males and is not modified by statin use.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Knowledge-based Decision Making for Simulating Cyber Attack Behaviors

Computer networks are becoming more complex as the reliance on these network increases in this era of exponential technological growth. This makes the potential gains for criminal activity on these networks extremely serious and can not only devastate organizations or enterprises but also the general population. As complexity of the network increases so does the difficulty to protect the networks as more potential vulnerabilities are introduced. Despite best efforts, traditional defenses like Intrusion Detection Systems and penetration tests are rendered ineffective to even amateur cyber adversaries. Networks now need to be analyzed at all times to preemptively detect weaknesses which harbored a new research field called Cyber Threat Analytics. However, current techniques for cyber threat analytics typically perform static analysis on the network and system vulnerabilities but few address the most variable and most critical piece of the puzzle -- the attacker themselves.\nThis work focuses on defining a baseline framework for modeling a wide variety of cyber attack behaviors which can be used in conjunction with a cyber attack simulator to analyze the effects of individual or multiple attackers on a network. To model a cyber attacker's behaviors with reasonable accuracy and flexibility, the model must be based on aspects of an attacker that are used in real scenarios. Real cyber attackers base their decisions on what they know and learn about the network, vulnerabilities, and targets. This attacker behavior model introduces the aspect of knowledge-based decision making to cyber attack behavior modeling with the goal of providing user configurable options. This behavior model employs Cyber Attack Kill Chain along with an ensemble of the attacker capabilities, opportunities, intent, and preferences. The proposed knowledge-based decision making model is implemented to enable the simulation of a variety of network attack behaviors and their effects. This thesis will show a number of simulated attack scenarios to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the proposed model.

Topic: Information and Cyber Security
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Eni - IFP/Axens GTL technology. From R and D to a successful scale-up

Proven natural gas reserves had reached about 184 Tscm in 2006 to which 36% is stranded gas far from the final market. Fischer Tropsch based GtL options today represent a viable route to develop such remote gas resources into high quality fuels and specialties. Thus opening different markets for the gas historically linked to the oil. Thanks to R and D successful improvements in the field of catalysis and reactor technology coupled with optimized integration and economies of scale have reduced the investment cost for building a Fischer Tropsch GtL complex. Basically all major Oil and Gas companies are involved in proprietary GtL development, and today several industrial projects have been announced. The most advanced is the Oryx project (QP-Sasol) which has been inaugurated the 6{sup th} of June '06 and currently in the starting up phase. Eni and IFP-Axens have developed a proprietary GtL Fischer-Tropsch and Upgrading technology in a close collaboration between the two groups. The Eni/IFP-Axens technology is based on proprietary catalysts and reactor, designed according to scale-up criteria defined in ten years of R and D activity. Unique large scale hydrodynamic facilities (bubble columns, loops) bench-scale dedicated pilot units, as well as large scale Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant, have been developed and operated to minimize reactor and ancillaries scale-up risks. The large scale Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant has been built and operated since 2001. The plant, located within the Eni refinery of Sannazzaro de' Burgondi (Pavia, Italy) is fully integrated to the refinery utilities and network. It reproduces at 20 bpd scale the overall Fischer Tropsch synthesis section: from slurry handling (loading, make-up, withdrawal), to reactor configuration and products separation units. Today the scale-up basis has been completed and the technology is ready for industrial deployment. (orig.)

Topic: Catalysts for Methane Reforming
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins B compared with spiramycin susceptibility among erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, can be regarded as potential reservoirs of resistance genes for pathogenic strains, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of different resistance phenotypes to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramins B (MLSB) antibiotics among erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis, together with the evaluation of genes promoting the following different types of MLSB resistance:ermA, ermB, ermC,msrA, mphC, and linA/A'. Susceptibility to spiramycin was also examined. Among 75 erythromycin-resistantS. epidermidis isolates, the most frequent phenotypes were macrolides and streptogramins B (MSB) and constitutive MLSB (cMLSB). Moreover, all strains with the cMLSB phenotype and the majority of inducible MLSB (iMLSB) isolates were resistant to spiramycin, whereas strains with the MSB phenotype were sensitive to this antibiotic. The D-shape zone of inhibition around the clindamycin disc near the spiramycin disc was found for some spiramycin-resistant strains with the iMLSB phenotype, suggesting an induction of resistance to clindamycin by this 16-membered macrolide. The most frequently isolated gene was ermC, irrespective of the MLSB resistance phenotype, whereas the most often noted gene combination wasermC, mphC, linA/A'. The results obtained showed that the genes responsible for different mechanisms of MLSB resistance in S. epidermidis generally coexist, often without the phenotypic expression of each of them.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of degree of milling on phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion

Abstract Background and objectives The degree of milling (DOM) can affect the phenolics and antioxidant activity of brown rice, but rice as food needs to be cooked and plays its role when passing through the digestive system. Yet, digestion has a significant impact on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DOM on the phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion and how these phenolics and antioxidant activities are affected by in vitro digestion. Findings After in vitro digestion, as the DOM increased from 0% to 12.31%, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH • , and ABTS •+ scavenging activities decreased by 26.8%, 68.5%, 48.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. The maximum release amount of phenolics occurred at the intestinal digestion phase for all cooked rice samples. The increased proportions of DPPH • and ABTS •+ scavenging activities at every stage were not consistent with those of TPC and TFC. Compared with control samples, the TPC and TFC, DPPH • , and ABTS •+ scavenging activities significantly increased in most digested samples. Conclusions The increased DOM resulted in loss of phenolics including flavonoids and phenolic acids in digestion samples as well as in DPPH • and ABTS •+ scavenging activities of cooked rice. The release of phenolics and the improvement of antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion were mainly due to the digestive enzymes. Significance and novelty Compared with traditional organic solvent extraction combined with alkaline hydrolysis, the in vitro digestion model simulated the digestive process of food in the human body, making the evaluation of rice with different DOMs more practical.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modulation transfer function of phase holograms

The frequency characteristics were determined for the diffraction of light by a phase hologram with a sinusoidal distribution of the refractive index. For the range intermediate between the Raman-Nath (thin holograms) and Bragg (thick holograms) diffraction mechanisms the characteristics were calculated on a computer and plotted as the frequency dependences of the intensity of light in the first positive, zeroth, and first negative orders for different modulation depths. These graphs could be used conveniently to determine the parameters of holograms needed to ensure a specified diffraction efficiency and uniformity of the modulation transfer function.

Topic: Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermodynamic functions of tetrapod-shaped ZnO nanostructures

Tetrapod-shaped ZnO nanostructures with uniform size and morphology were prepared by a simple and mild microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal route. The characterization results revealed that each tetrapod-shaped nanostructure consisted of four nanoneedles which were about 250 nm in length. Based on the known thermodynamic functions of bulk ZnO, thermodynamic functions of nano ZnO with bulk ZnO were associated through designing a thermochemical cycle according to thermodynamic potential function method. And combined with thermokinetic theory, transition state theory and microcalorimetry, standard molar enthalpy of formation, standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation and standard molar entropy at 298.15 K for the as-achieved tetrapod-shaped ZnO nanostructures were gained as (-329.37 ± 0.43) kJ mol -1 , (-318.51 ± 0.03) kJ mol -1 and (20.36 ± 1.05) J mol -1 K -1 , respectively.

Topic: nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Optical sensors for the validation of electromagnetic field distributions in biological phantoms&lt;/title&gt;

We present optical sensors for the measurement of electric and magnetic fields in an anatomically and dielectrically correct biological phantom of the human head generated by a personal communication device. The sensor is based on all-dielectric optical probes, coupled by fiber optics to the remote light sources and signal processing electronics. The electric field probe utilizes Pockel's effect in cadmium telluride, while the magnetic field probe is based on Faraday effect in cadmium manganese telluride. The anticipated measurement sensitivity is 2 V/m (E field) and 0.25 (mu) T (H field), with spatial resolution of 1 cm. Frequency range is 1.8 GHz, and dynamic range is > 60 dB. Both sensors utilize polarimetric optical scheme.

Topic: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

Topic: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On-farm evaluation of the effects of crop rotation system on bread wheat in Bale highlands, south-eastern Ethiopia

A crop rotation experiment was initiated at Sinana on-farm and Adaba locations in 2001. At both locations, the precursor crops used were food barley ( Hordeum vulgare ), faba bean ( Vicia faba ), field pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lin seed ( Linum usitatissimum ). Fertilizer levels used, were 0-0, 9-23 and 41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 . The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial arrangement and it was conducted during the period from 2001 to 2010. Combined analysis of the results generated at each location during the period showed that rotation had a significant effect on wheat grain yield and most yield components of wheat both at Sinana and Adaba. At both locations, rotation with faba bean had a marked effect on the grain yield of wheat (4887.40 kg ha -1 ) and (3624.80 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The next highest grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with field pea at both locations. The lowest wheat grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with barley (3945.00 kg ha -1 ) and (2355.90 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. Fertilizer rate had significant effect on most yield and yield components of Wheat at both locations. The highest fertilizer rate (41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) recorded the highest grain yield (4689.5 kg ha -1 ) and (3397.1 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The lowest grain yield was recorded from control plots. In general, from this long-term on-farm rotation trial it is possible to conclude that faba bean and field pea are beneficial break crops in Bale highlands to alleviate wheat production constraints arising due to continuous cereal mono-cropping systems.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the effect of bovine derived MFG-E8 against oxidative stress on rat L6 cells

The procedure of TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis and the subsequent verification of MFG-E8 on oxidative stress response.

Topic: Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences