jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI PRIMER SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHYSM (SNAP) PADA GEN BRASSINOSTEROID (BRI) KELAPA SAWIT

Optimisation of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) Primers in Brassinosteroid (BRI) Gene of Oil PalmÂ Oil palm varieties that have high yields still have a high rate of stem height increase, and it has an impact on difficulties at harvest. Brassinosteroid (BRI) is one of the growth hormones that regulate stem height increase. In this study, the sample used is three types of oil palm, namely E. guineensis which represents the height growth of normal oil palm stems, E. oleifera which represents slow stem height growth, and the result of crossing or hybrid Eo x Eg which is expected to inherit the traits between the two the crossed parent. Sequencing was carried out on samples using a specific primer for the BRI gene that triggers elongation and division of stem cells. The Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) primers used in the analysis process need to find the optimum temperature to obtain the optimum PCR conditions. Four primers of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) that get the optimum temperature with a mixture of normal reagents are BRI 69 Alt-Rev and BRI 562 Ref-Rev at 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev at 57oC and BRI 1206 Ref-Rev at 58oC. Two primers require additional MgCl2 in the reactant mixture, namely BRI 69 Ref-Rev at 55oC and BRI 2115 Alt-Rev at 56oC.Keywords: Oil palm, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, GenesABSTRAKÂ Varietas-varietas kelapa sawit yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi umumnya masih memiliki laju pertambahan tinggi yang relatif cepat dan berakibat pada kesulitan saat panen. Brassinosteroid (BRI) merupakan salah satu hormon pertumbuhan yang mengatur pertambahan tinggi batang. Pada studi ini, Sampel yang digunakan adalah tiga jenis kelapa sawit yaitu sampel E. guineensis yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang kelapa sawit normal, E. oleiferaÂ yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang lambat, dan hasil persilangan atau hibrida Eo x Eg yang diharapkan mewarisi sifat antara kedua induk yang disilangkan. Sekuensing dilakukan pada sampel menggunakan primer spesifik gen BRI yang memicu pemanjangan dan pembelahan sel batang. Primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) yang digunakan dalam proses analisis perlu dicari suhu optimumnya agar didapatkan kondisi PCR yang optimum sehingga dihasilkan produk PCR yang spesifik. Empat primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) yang mendapatkan suhu optimum dengan campuran pereaksi normal yaitu BRI 69 Alt-Rev dan BRI 562 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev pada suhu 57oC dan BRI 1206 Ref-Rev pada suhu 58oC. Dua primer membutuhkan tambahan MgCl2 pada campuran pereaksinya yaitu BRI 69 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC dan BRI 2115 Alt-Rev pada suhu 56oC.Kata Kunci: Kelapa sawit, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, Gen

Topic: Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adherence to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) allows for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an intervention strategy that improves functional capacity, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life. However, adherence to such programs might be improved. This study aimed to describe the differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with COPD adherent and non-adherent to pulmonary rehabilitation at a clinic in Cali, Colombia. Methods: This study followed a descriptive cross-sectional model with 150 patients diagnosed with COPD. Adherence was classified by taking into account the number of sessions completed: low (&lt;35%), moderate (35–85%), and high (&gt;85%). Sociodemographic, clinical, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life variables were considered. Results: Adherence to the PR was rated as high in 57.3% of patients. Variables such as sex, health system affiliation, height, functional capacity, resting SaO2, and health-related quality of life presented significant differences (p-value ≤ 0.05). The main causes of non-adherence to the program were medical recommendations that prevented continuing in the program due to clinical and safety issues and economic issues that prevented reaching the rehabilitation site, as it was unaffordable. Conclusions: It can be concluded that adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation was rated as high in 57.3% of patients. The high adherence to the PR program occurred in male patients with a capacity to pay the Colombian health system (contributory regime).

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The shape of the <i>X<sub>E</sub></i> distribution triggered by a jet fragment, for example, <i>π</i>0

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Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
SKA2 enhances stress-related glucocorticoid receptor signaling through FKBP4–FKBP5 interactions in neurons

Genes involved in regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are linked to various stress-related psychopathologies including bipolar disorder as well as other mood and trauma-related disorders. The protein product of the cell cycle gene, SKA2, is a GR interaction partner in peripheral cells. However, the precise roles of SKA2 in stress and GR signaling in the brain, specifically in nonreplicating postmitotic neurons, and its involvement in HPA axis regulation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate, using diverse in vitro cell assays, a mechanism by which SKA2 promotes GR signaling through enhancing GR–FKBP4 interaction leading to dissociation of FK506-bindingprotein 51 (FKBP5) from the complex. FKBP4 and FKBP5 are cochaperones known to regulate GR function in opposite directions. Notably in mice, SKA2 in Crh + neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is crucial for HPA axis responsiveness and for maintaining the negative feedback loop underlying allostasis. Moreover, we show that SKA2 expression is increased in postmortem human hippocampus and amygdala from individuals with BD. Our study highlights a critical role of SKA2 in HPA axis function, adds to the understanding of the molecular basis of stress-related psychiatric disorders, and points to potential targets for intervention.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Depth-Adaptive Filtering Method for Effective GPR Tree Roots Detection in Tropical Area

This study presents a technique for processing Stepfrequency continuous wave (SFCW) ground penetrating radar (GPR) data to detect tree roots. SFCW GPR is portable and enables precise control of energy levels, balancing depth and resolution trade-offs. However, the high-frequency components of the transmission band suffers from poor penetrating capability and generates noise that interferes with root detection. The proposed time-frequency filtering technique uses a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to track changes in frequency spectrum density over time. To obtain the filter window, a weighted linear regression (WLR) method is used. By adopting a conversion method that is a variant of the chirp Z-Transform (CZT), the timefrequency window filters out frequency samples that are not of interest when doing the frequency-to-time domain data conversion. The proposed depth-adaptive filter window can selfadjust to different scenarios, making it independent of soil information and effectively determines subsurface tree roots. The technique is successfully validated using SFCW GPR data from actual sites in a tropical area with different soil moisture levels, and the two-dimensional (2D) radar map of subsurface root systems is highly improved compared to existing methods.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhancing Immunogenicity and Cross-Reactivity of HIV-1 Antigens by <i>In Vivo</i> Targeting to Dendritic Cells

Current retroviral treatments have reduced AIDS to a chronic disease for most patients. However, given drug-related side effects, the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the persistence of viral replication, the development of alternative treatments is a pressing need. This review focuses on recent developments in HIV immunotherapy treatments, with particular emphasis on current vaccination strategies for optimizing the induction of an effective immune response by the recruitment of dendritic cells. In addition to cell-based therapies, targeted strategies aiming to deliver synthetic HIV peptides to dendritic cell-specific receptors in vivo will be discussed.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Water Purity and Regulations

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Impurities in Water Sources Significance of Impurities in Water for Use in Cell Culture Standards Water Purification Pretreatment Main Purification Techniques Water Purification Systems for Cell Culture Distribution Systems System Monitoring and Validation References

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Active queue management performance analysis

This project reconfirms the performance of a new network router congestion control algorithm, Proportional Integrator with Short-lived Flow Adjustments (PISA), via a series of NS-2 simulations. The simulation experiments, run over a variety of traffic flow combinations of long-lived FTP and short-lived HTTP flows, demonstrate that PISA yields significantly more HTTP web objects transmitted and fairer treatment for the HTTP flows when compared to the performance of the Proportional Integrator algorithm.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Incautious Investors: Calendar Effect on European-style Option Mispricing

This paper finds that 4-week options are overpriced then 5-week ones in the stock market, potentially because inattentive investors date only notice that a pair of 4-week and 5-week options mature in the same month while ignoring their difference in maturity on the week level. Empirically, stock market index options on Russell 1000 Index and Russell 2000 Index over the 2017-2020 period provide strong evidence that the monthly returns for four-week options are significantly lower than five-week options held within the same monthly expiration cycle. The linear regression and t-tests on trichotomized samples show that the divergence in the average returns between options that expire in four-weeks versus five-weeks, demonstrating the inattention to the exact number of days of the option's maturity would result in the mispricing of options.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Ryan Report in Ireland : before and after

The Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (Government of Ireland, 2009) is the official name given to what we now know as the Ryan Report. It is so called because Sean Ryan, a justice of the Irish High Court took over from Justice Mary Laffoy in September 2003 to complete the work begun by her. The Ryan Report is about children, church and state. As for church and state the report shows how those two unquestioned pillars of Irish society criminally neglected the poorest and most vulnerable children and failed in their duty of care.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Enthusiasm for ID card is waning outside Parliament

Brief commentary by Gareth Crossman (Policy Director, Liberty) on issues related to possible government introduction of compulsory registration cards. Published in Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London).

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Propagation phenomena in monostable integro-differential equations: acceleration or not?

We consider the homogeneous integro-differential equation$\partial \_t u=J*u-u+f(u)$ with a monostable nonlinearity $f$. Our interest is twofold: we investigate the existence/non existence of travelling waves, and the propagation properties of the Cauchy problem.When the dispersion kernel $J$ is exponentially bounded, travelling waves are known to exist and solutions of the Cauchy problem typically propagate at a constant speed \cite{Schumacher1980}, \cite{Weinberger1982}, \cite{Carr2004}, \cite{Coville2007a}, \cite{Coville2008a}, \cite{Yagisita2009}. %When the dispersion kernel $J$ is exponentially bounded, travelling waves are known to exist when $f$ belongs to one of the three main class of non-linearities (bistable, ignition or monostable), and solutions of the Cauchy problem typically propagate at a constant speed \cite{Schumacher1980}, \cite{Wei-82},\cite{Bates1997},\cite{Chen1997}, \cite{Carr2004}, \cite{Coville2007a}, \cite{Coville2008a}, \cite{Yagisita2009,Yagisita2009a}. On the other hand, when the dispersion kernel $J$ has heavy tails and the non-linearity $f$ is non degenerate, i.e $f'(0)\textgreater{}0$, travelling waves do not exist and solutions of the Cauchy problem propagate by accelerating \cite{Medlock2003}, \cite{Yagisita2009}, \cite{Garnier2011}. For a general monostable non-linearity, a dichotomy between these two types of propagation behaviour is still not known. The originality of our work is to provide such dichotomy by studying the interplay between the tails of the dispersion kernel and the Allee effect induced by the degeneracy of $f$, i.e. $f'(0)=0$. First, for algebraic decaying kernels, we prove the exact separation between existence and non existence of travelling waves. This in turn provides the exact separation between non acceleration and acceleration in the Cauchy problem. In the latter case, we provide a first estimate of the position of the level sets of the solution.

Topic: Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prospective comparison between three TAVR devices: ACURATE neo vs. CoreValve vs. SAPIEN XT. A single heart team experience in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Objective We sought to compare the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device ACURATE neo (ACT) with the already established CoreValve (MCV) and SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS). Background Very few data on TAVR devices are available beyond MCV and SAPIEN and there is no previous study comparing ACT with MCV and SXT. Methods We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for the treatment of severe AS. Clinical outcomes were reported following Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC‐2) criteria. Results A total of 162 patients (ACT n = 49, MCV n = 56, SXT n = 57), were included. MCV group had higher valve embolization/migration rates (ACT none; MCV 9%; SXT 2%; P = 0.034) causing lower device success rates (ACT 98%; MCV 86%; SXT 95%; P = 0.043). At 30 days, there was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality ( P = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality ( P = 0.20), periprocedural myocardial infarction ( P = 0.40), stroke ( P = 0.64), major vascular complications ( P = 0.48), life‐threatening bleeding ( P = 0.29), acute kidney injury stage 2/3 ( P = 0.69), or VARC‐2 composite early safety endpoints ( P = 0.21). MCV group had higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation (ACT 6%; MCV 25%; SXT 11%; P = 0.013). Follow‐up echocardiography showed no significant difference in aortic valve mean pressure gradient ( P = 0.73) or moderate/severe aortic regurgitation ( P = 0.19) between groups. Conclusions In a “real world” registry, ACT compared favorably against the well‐studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Labor force participation, gender and work in South Africa: what can time use data reveal?

&lt;p&gt;The utilization of time use data for exploring employment issues has received little attention in economic analysis. Using data from the 2000 South African national time use survey we argue that a gender-aware understanding of how men and women organize their daily life can help identify labor market and subsistence work that are missed in labor force surveys, thus complementing the information they provide.Further, information on the time spent in job-related search and household work provide insights on the interconnectedness of gender inequalities in the labor market and within the household.Our analysis of the time use patterns of 10, 465 working age women and men, shows that a non-trivial proportion of men and women classified as either ‟not in the labor force‟ or „unemployed‟ actually engaged in subsistence, temporary and casual forms of employment. Secondly, we find that regardless of their labor force status, women‟s and men‟s hours of unpaid work donot vary greatly. These affect not only employment options of women but also their ability to look for work. Thirdly, time use data helps identify the salient characteristics of these individuals and the type of occupations they are engaged.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Magnolias, healing spring beauties

Iako su kod nas znane uglavnom kao ukrasne vrste, u korejskoj, kineskoj i japanskoj tradicionalnoj medicini, magnolije se primjenjuju vec 3000 godina, a od biljnih dijelova koriste se cvjetovi i kora. Najcesca ljekovita vrsta je Magnolia officinalis Rehder & Wilson, Magnoliaceae, ali se koristi jos dvadesetak vrsta poput M. liliflora Desr. zatim M. denudata Desr. i M. obovata Thunb. Indijanci koriste vrste M. virginiana i M. grandiflora. Posljednjih se godina intenzivno istražuju farmakoloski ucinci ekstrakata ili izoliranih sastavnica.Izuzetno sirok spektar farmakoloskih ucinaka u potpunosti opravdava preko 250 djelatnih tvari koje kora sadrži, primjerice alkaloide, kumarine, flavonoide, lignane, neolignane, fenilpropanoide i terpenoide. Najvažnije djelatne tvari kore magnolije su bifenoli honokiol i magnolol. Najveci interes pobuđuju istraživanja kojima je cilj provjera djelotvornosti ekstrakata ili pojedinih sastavnica u prevenciji ili usporavanju progresije Alzheimerove bolesti.

Topic: Magnolia and Illicium research
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design prototyping for public technological solutions as a social learning practice for policymaking

This theoretical article explores how design prototyping for technological solutions with public and social dimensions (e.g., data-centric public services) might represent a practice that fosters social learning for policymaking. The paper contributes to two contemporary strands of design research: i) design prototyping in public service innovation processes as a means for designing with institutional arrangements; ii) the role and object of design prototyping in “design for policy”. The central thesis is that, through prototyping, the designing of public technological solutions could become a source of policy knowledge and a driver of policy learning. Therefore, the contribution of designers and design practice might go far beyond the prototyped solution and impact the policy dimension. The article develops an interdisciplinary review to support this perspective, connecting three blocks of theory: i) the enactivist framework, from cognitive science; ii) the social learning framework, from social studies of technology; and iii) the policy learning concept, from policy studies. The review highlights that an enactivist approach helps in appreciating the difference between professional design settings and other social settings in the context of technological innovation, essentially by conceiving cognition driven by the practice of design prototyping as deeply entangled within social and cultural dynamics. The article then attempts to connect theory with practice by discussing an example of service prototyping of a data-centric service for social purposes and its policy implications. In conclusion, authors propose open points for making prototyping meaningful for design for policy and designing with institutional arrangements, starting with the conscious role designers must assume toward institutional constraints during practice.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Space and Missile Systems Center Technology Development Process

The paper outlines the methodology and process used by the Air Force’s Space and Missile Systems Center to deliberately plan for and develop new technologies it needs for identified material solutions to meet war fighter needs. It will also lay out the current development plan for SmallSats and how they integrated into the planning process. Additionally, it highlights on-ramps for other organizations to provide input for consideration.

Topic: Technology Assessment and Management
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Light-Driven Oxidative Demethylation Reaction Catalyzed by a Rieske-Type Non-heme Iron Enzyme Stc2

Rieske-type non-heme iron oxygenases/oxidases catalyze a wide range of transformations. Their applications in bioremediation or biocatalysis face two key barriers: the need of expensive NAD(P)H as a reductant and a proper reductase to mediate the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the oxygenases. To bypass the need of both the reductase and NAD(P)H, using Rieske-type oxygenase (Stc2) catalyzed oxidative demethylation as the model system, we report Stc2 photocatalysis using eosin Y/sulfite as the photosensitizer/sacrificial reagent pair. In a flow-chemistry setting to separate the photo-reduction half-reaction and oxidation half-reaction, Stc2 photo-biocatalysis outperforms the Stc2-NAD(P)H-reductase (GbcB) system. In addition, in a few other selected Rieske enzymes (NdmA, CntA, and GbcA), and a flavin-dependent enzyme (iodotyrosine deiodinase, IYD), the eosin Y/sodium sulfite photo-reduction pair could also serve as the NAD(P)H-reductase surrogate to support catalysis, which implies the potential applicability of this photo-reduction system to other redox enzymes.

Topic: Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences