jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Tribological and Sealing Properties of PFA Composites

The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluoroalkoxyperfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PFA) composites were prepared using carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) as fillers. The effects of these fillers on the tribological and sealing properties were investigated. The tribological and sealing properties of the composites were evaluated by a wear tester and a seal test rig. Results showed that the incorporation of CF and GF both improved the wear resistance with composites, approaching wear rates as low as 10 −6 mm 3 /N·m and lowered the seal’s leakage of the PTFE/PFA composites. As described here, CF was more effective than GF in improving the wear rate. Notably, the wear rate of the PFA/CF composite is much less than that of the PTFE composites as the transfer film on the couple ring is much more unique, thick, smooth, and compact. The leakage of carbon fiber-filled PFA composite seal was lowered to 66% less than the traditional PTFE composite seals, which indicates better sealing properties.

Topic: Tribology and Wear Analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Retention factors in relation to organisational commitment in medical and information technology services

Orientation: Retaining staff with scarce and critical skills in the medical and information technology (IT) industry has become a top priority because of skills shortages.Research purpose: The objectives of the study were to investigate empirically: (1) the relationship between employees’ satisfaction with organisational retention factors (measured by the Retention Factors Scale) and their organisational commitment (measured by the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire) and (2) whether gender, age, race and tenure groups differ significantly in terms of these variables.Motivation for the study: Medical and information technology professionals have specialised and hard to replace skills. They also have strong tendencies to leave their organisations and countries. Understanding the retention factors that will increase their organisational commitment may benefit the organisations who want to retain their valuable talent.Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from a purposive sample of 206 staff members who had scarce skills in a South African medical and information technology services company. Correlational and inferential statistics were computed to achieve the objectives.Main findings: The results showed that the participants’ satisfaction with retention factors has a significant relationship with their organisational commitment and that the biographical groups differ significantly in terms of the variables.Practical/managerial implications: The measured retention factors were all associated with human resource management practices that influence employees’ intentions to leave.Contribution/value-add: The results are important to managers who are interested in retaining staff who have scarce skills and provide valuable pointers for designing effective retention strategies.

Topic: Human Resource and Talent Management
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Unifying Mechanism and Therapeutic Target

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis in the lower extremities, which leads to a spectrum of life-altering symptomatology, including claudication, ischemic rest pain, and gangrene requiring limb amputation. Current treatments for PAD are focused primarily on re-establishing blood flow to the ischemic tissue, implying that blood flow is the decisive factor that determines whether or not the tissue survives. Unfortunately, failure rates of endovascular and revascularization procedures remain unacceptably high and numerous cell- and gene-based vascular therapies have failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. The low success of vascular-focused therapies implies that non-vascular tissues, such as skeletal muscle and oxidative stress, may substantially contribute to PAD pathobiology. Clues toward the importance of skeletal muscle in PAD pathobiology stem from clinical observations that muscle function is a strong predictor of mortality. Mitochondrial impairments in muscle have been documented in PAD patients, although its potential role in clinical pathology is incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms causing mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemic skeletal muscle, including causal evidence in rodent studies, and highlight emerging mitochondrial-targeted therapies that have potential to improve PAD outcomes. Particularly, we will analyze literature data on reactive oxygen species production and potential counteracting endogenous and exogenous antioxidants.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sustainability Assessment of Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB)

Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB), an advanced pavement material developed by Main Roads Western Australia in 2003 has experienced relative success in its application on major freeway projects in Western Australia. However, with its prematurity in the industry, its potential impact and long term benefits have yet to be assessed. The development of HCTCRB was motivated by reservation against the use of cement treated base (CTB) which is prone to cause reflective cracking induced by dry shrinkage of cementitious stabilisers. HCTCRB differs from the conventional CTB that it is stockpiled and retreated before construction. However, it has been presented that through proper shrinkage mitigation measures, CTB can be utilized with great success as seen in its extensive use in China, South Africa and the United States of America. This paper therefore investigates the sustainability, in terms of environmental and economical factors, surrounding HCTCRB and CTB and assesses a sustainable solution based on a multi criteria approach.

Topic: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interleukin-6 Is a Circulating Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Combined Immunotherapy

Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) combination therapy has become a front-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but approximately 20% of patients are nonresponders. We investigated circulating biomarkers to predict therapeutic outcomes. We performed simultaneous measurement of 34 proteins using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay in baseline plasma from 34 patients who underwent Atezo/Bev therapy as first- or second-line treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma IL-6 and interferon alpha (IFNα) levels were significant predictors of non-responders (odds ratio of 13.33 and FDR p = 0.021 for IL-6 and IFNα). The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with high IL-6 levels were significantly shorter than those of patients with low IL-6 levels. Next, we measured baseline plasma IL-6 levels in 64 HCC patients who underwent Atezo/Bev therapy by ELISA. The IL-6-high group showed higher female ratio, AST levels, tumor markers, Child–Pugh score, and vascular invasion ratio. The PFS and OS of the IL-6-high group were significantly shorter than those of the IL-6-low group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that IL-6 level and age were independent risk factors for disease progression (hazard ratio of 2.785 and p = 0.015 for IL-6, and hazard ratio 0.306 and p = 0.03 for age). In conclusion, circulating IL-6 levels are a novel prognostic biomarker for advanced HCC patients who undergo combined immunotherapy.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Virtual organelle self-coding for fluorescence imaging via adversarial learning

These findings contribute to the understanding of the utility and limitations of deep learning image-regression to predict fluorescence microscopy datasets of biological cells. We infer that predicted image labels must have either a structural and/or a functional relationship to input labels. Furthermore, the approach introduced here holds promise for modeling the internal spatial relationships between organelles and biomolecules within living cells, leading to detection and quantification of alterations from a standard training dataset.

Topic: Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Past Stock Returns and the MAX Effect

This paper investigates how past stock returns affect investors’ lottery demand. We show that the maximum daily return (MAX) effect, first documented by Bali et al. (Maxing Out: Stocks as Lotteries and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns) is predominantly concentrated among stocks that have worst returns in the recent past. In contrast, for stocks that have recorded best past returns, the MAX effect becomes much weaker or even disappears. Our findings hold in the presence of a variety of control variables including the conventional return predictors, stock mispricing, stock price proximity to its 52-week high, and capital gains overhang. We interpret it as evidence that investors’ lottery demand intensifies in the presence of investment losses, consistent with the notion of time varying and state dependent nature of investors’ lottery preference. We further show that a self-financing portfolio that goes long in stocks with the worst past returns and low MAX and short in stocks with worst past returns and high MAX yields statistically and economically significant abnormal returns after risk adjustment by standard asset pricing models.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
新型18核铜-稀土簇合物|Cu&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;RE&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;(OH)&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;24&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;(Pyb)&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;(H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O)&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;(ClO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)|&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;17+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;的合成与结构

新型标题18核钢-稀土簇合物从pH3.5的Cu<sup>2+</sup>-RE<sup>3+ </sup>-pyb(RE=Sm,Tb,pyb=吡啶甜菜碱)水溶液反应体系中分离,经单晶结构测定.分析表明,簇合物阳离子具有一个包裹μ<sub>12</sub>-ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>配体的八面体结构的|Cu<sub>12</sub>RE<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>24</sub>(Pyb)<sub>12</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>18</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)|<sup>17+</sup>核,其外围有18个水分子和12个桥连pyb羧基配体.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Fig 7 from Neuropilin-2 Regulates Endosome Maturation and EGFR Trafficking to Support Cancer Cell Pathobiology

&lt;p&gt;Depletion of NRP2 axis affect EGFR endocytosis&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Method for detecting methylation status by using methylation-independent primers

A reliable and highly sensitive method is provided for detecting methylation status of CpG-containing nucleic acids by nucleic acid amplification and melting curve analysis of amplification products. The methods and compositions employs a novel design of primers, CpG-containing methylation-independent oligonucleotide primers, wherein both unmethylated and methylated alleles of a CpG-containing nucleic acid can be detected by use of only one set of primers after the CpG-containing nucleic acid has been subjected to cytosine to thymine conversion of unmethylated Cytosine. The method is useful for detection of methylation status in for example cancer genes and other disease related genes, wherein methylation influences gene expression.

Topic: Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification with Interpretability in Children Based on Structural MRI Features Extracted Using Contrastive Variational Autoencoder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly disabling mental disease that brings significant impairments of social interaction ability to the patients, making early screening and intervention of ASD critical. With the development of the machine learning and neuroimaging technology, extensive research has been conducted on machine classification of ASD based on structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (s-MRI). However, most studies involve with datasets where participants’ age are above 5 and lack interpretability. In this paper, we propose a machine learning method for ASD classification in children with age range from 0.92 to 4.83 years, based on s-MRI features extracted using Contrastive Variational AutoEncoder (CVAE). 78 s-MRIs, collected from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, are used for training CVAE, which consists of both ASD-specific feature channel and common-shared feature channel. The ASD participants represented by ASD-specific features can be easily discriminated from Typical Control (TC) participants represented by the common-shared features. In case of degraded predictive accuracy when data size is extremely small, a transfer learning strategy is proposed here as a potential solution. Finally, we conduct neuroanatomical interpretation based on the correlation between s-MRI features extracted from CVAE and surface area of different cortical regions, which discloses potential biomarkers that could help target treatments of ASD in the future.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Economic Analysis of Pecan Nut Production: An Application of Input Oriented DEA Model

The economics of pecan nut production in Poonch district of Jammu & Kashmir state was assessed using input oriented DEA model. The NPV and profitability index were positive and the internal rate of return (IRR) was 14 per cent, which shows that investing in pecan nut orchard will be a profitable venture until the market interest rate remains below 14 per cent. The results of input oriented model revealed that growers were efficient in terms of pecan nut production at the given level of inputs, with mean overall technical efficiency of 0.922, mean pure technical efficiency of 0.961 and mean scale efficiency of 0.959. The mean allocative and cost efficiencies were 0.718 and 0.665, respectively. The level of input use in pecan nut was extremely low and if inputs are increased, the output would increase more than the use of inputs. The average allocative and cost efficiency of pecan nut growers was less than the average technical efficiency, which shows that pecan nut growers were relatively more technical than cost efficient.

Topic: Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of novel 3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives

Abstract BACKGROUND Plant pathogens cause substantial crop losses annually, posing a grave threat to global food security. Fungicides have usually been used for their control, but the rapid development of pesticide resistance renders many ineffective, therefore the search for novel and efficient green pesticides to prevent and control plant diseases has become the top priority in crop planting. RESULTS The results of bioassay studies indicated that most of the target compounds showed certain antimicrobial activity in vitro . In particular, compound X7 showed high inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), with an EC 50 value of 27.47 μg mL −1 , surpassing conventional control agents such as thiazole zinc (41.55 μg mL −1 ) and thiodiazole copper (53.39 μg mL −1 ). Further studies on molecular docking showed that X7 had a strong binding affinity with 2FBW. The morphological change observed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of Xoo appears wrinkled and cracked under X7 treatment and a total of 2662 proteins were identified by label‐free proteomic analysis. Three experiments have elucidated the mechanism whereby X7 induced considerable changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of Xoo , which in turn affected the reproduction and growth of bacteria. CONCLUSION This work represents a pivotal advancement, offering important reference for the research and development therapeutics in combating plant pathogens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessing pre-linguistic communication in young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD)

Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) experience profound impairments in communication, remaining pre-linguistic communicators across their lifespan. Whilst the majority will receive speech and language therapy (SLT) input, shortcomings in current approaches to SLT assessment for this group have been identified by existing research and were further explored through a survey study carried out for this thesis. These included a lack of agreement around which prelinguistic skills might be significant and a reliance on indirect methods of information gathering. In response to these issues, this thesis explored the use of structured sampling techniques to measure behaviours relating to joint attention (JA) in children with PIMD and addressed the following questions. 1) What patterns of JA behaviour are demonstrated by young people with PIMD? 2) Are these patterns of behaviour affected by the ability to fix and shift gaze? 3) Are structured probes an effective means of eliciting information about JA behaviours? A continuum of behaviours underpinning JA was derived from the developmental literature. Structured probes were devised to elicit these behaviours and were administered to seventeen participants with PIMD aged 4-16 on three separate occasions. Since target behaviours involved gaze fixation and gaze shifting between objects and people, a novel measure of these functional vision skills was also administered. Performance on the probes was compared to performance in less structured settings. Results indicated that young people with PIMD can be differentiated by the profiles of JA behaviours they demonstrate. These profiles were significantly correlated with their functional vision abilities but were not associatednot associated with background measures of cognitive and motor skills or with scores on the Communication Matrix (Rowland, 2004). Structured probes were an effective means of assessing JA behaviours, providing a controlled environment and multiple opportunities for participants to demonstrate capacity which was not always revealed by alternative means of information gathering. Findings of this thesis suggest that current approaches to communication assessment for people with PIMD might be enhanced by the increased use of structured sampling and a shared focus on behaviours relating to joint attention.

Topic: Language Development and Disorders
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
P2–065: Apolipoprotein E‐ε4 in a Japanese population with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been reported to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Previous neuropathological studies have demonstrated similar frequencies of the APOE ε4 allele in AD and DLB. However, the few ante-mortem studies on APOE allele frequencies in DLB have shown lower frequencies than post-mortem studies. One reason for this may be inaccuracy of diagnosis. We examined APOE genotypes in subjects with AD, DLB, and a control group using the latest diagnostic criteria and MRI, SPECT, and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. The subjects of this study consisted of 145 patients with probable AD, and 50 subjects with probable DLB, and a control group. AD subjects were divided into two groups based on age of onset: early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset AD (LOAD). All subjects had characteristic features on MRI, SPECT, and/or myocardial scintigraphy. The rate of APOE4 carrier status was 18.3% and the frequency of the ε4 allele was 9.7% in controls. The rate of APOE4 carrier status and the frequency of the ε4 allele were 47% and 27% for LOAD, 50% and 31% for EOAD, and 42% and 31% for DLB, respectively. The APOE4 genotypes in this study are consistent with previous neuropathological studies suggesting accurate diagnosis of AD and DLB. APOE4 genotypes were similar in AD and DLB, giving further evidence that the ε4 allele is a risk factor for both disorders. And furthermore we'llmention theassociation between APOE genotypeand the age of onset, the progression of cognitive decline, the brain atrophy, and the cerebral blood flow in AD.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
3 The Infratentorial Brain

The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is the caudal-most portion of the developing brain and is marked cranially by the mid-brain flexure and caudally by the cervical flexure where it is continuous with the spinal cord. The rhombencephalon will eventually form the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. Six transverse grooves appear in the ventral surface of the hindbrain by four weeks post-conception, which produce segments called rhombomeres that are closely related to the development of cranial nerve nuclei 5-10. A transverse crease (plica choroidea) forms in the roof of the developing fourth ventricle, which has intense neuroblastic activity laterally (alar plates). These form the rhombic lips at around Week 6 post-conception and contain the primordia of the cerebellar hemispheres. For detailed descriptions of cerebellar development see references (1,2). The cerebellar hemispheres contact in the midline and start to fuse during Week 9 (post-conception) to form the cerebellar vermis, therefore the vermis cannot form if the cerebellar hemispheres have not developed. The vermis is fully formed by the end of Week 15 post-conception (corresponding to approximately 17 weeks after the last menstrual period, which is the timing schedule used in clinical practice). The anatomy of the adult vermis is shown in Figure 1C. The nodulus forms first but after the vermis develops from superior to inferior, in a way analogous to the corpus callosum, vermian hypoplasia involves the lobules in a predictable fashion, the lobules of the posterior lobe being involved before those of the anterior lobe.

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences