jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Man, Beast, Dust: The Story of Rodeo

Ever since the early cowboys cut a swath through the open range and the bawdy cow towns, rodeo has been part of the American scene. Today it has a huge following. Alive with color, movement, and sharp observation, Man, Beast, Dust tells the story of rodeo from its beginnings. Clifford P. Westermeier takes us along the dusty trails traveled by cowhands of only yesterday - to Cheyenne, Pecos City, Prescott, Lander, and Miles City. We attend two-bit, one-day shows and the fabulous arena contests of the cities. We rodeo with the champions across America as well as with those in Canada, England, South America, and Australia. Clifford P. Westermeier (1910-87) was a noted historian and painter of the West. Bill Crawford is a former editor of Prorodeo Sports News, the official publication of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association. Kristine Fredriksson is a rodeo authority, who traces the developments on the rodeo scene and books on the subject from 1945 to 1986.

Topic: Sport and Mega-Event Impacts
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurable and Deployable Security

Security measurement helps identify deployment gaps and present extremely valuable research opportunities. However, such research is often deemed as not novelty by academia. I will first share my research journey designing and producing a high-precision tool CryptoGuard for scanning cryptographic vulnerabilities in large Java projects. That work led us to publish two benchmarks used for systematically assessing state-of-the-art academic and commercial solutions, as well as help Oracle Labs integrate our detection in their routine scanning.

Topic: Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Paroxysmal appearing palsy of epileptic origin.

Higier first reported on "Paroxysmal appearing palsy of epileptic origin". This syndrome has only rarely been described under a variety of names such as: "focal inhibitory seizures, unilateral atonic seizures, hemiparetic seizures, ictal hemiparesis". The case report we present regards a 34-year-old woman who complained of sudden loss of tone accompanied by a left-sided hemiplegia lasting for several minutes. Treatment with carbamazepine was successful in reducing the attacks as might be expected in partial seizures. An inhibitory discharge may be causative of this syndrome in agreement with Higier's original theory.

Topic: Neurological and metabolic disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Looking for the Pony in the HERS Data

development of the randomized, controlled clinical trial, which is designed to control for known and unknown differences in persons who take or do not take medication (by the use of randomization), and for the effects of patient and provider expectation (by the use of double-blind placebo control).

Topic: Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Defect bulk-boundary correspondence of topological skyrmion phases of matter

Unpaired Majorana zero-modes are central to topological quantum computation schemes as building blocks of topological qubits, and are therefore under intense experimental and theoretical investigation. Their generalizations to parafermions and Fibonacci anyons are also of great interest, in particular for universal quantum computation schemes. In this work, we find a different generalization of Majorana zero-modes in effectively non-interacting systems, which are zero-energy bound states that exhibit a cross structure -- two straight, perpendicular lines in the complex plane -- composed of the complex number entries of the zero-mode wavefunction on a lattice, rather than a single straight line formed by complex number entries of the wavefunction on a lattice as in the case of an unpaired Majorana zero-mode. These cross zero-modes are realized for topological skyrmion phases under certain open boundary conditions when their characteristic momentum-space spin textures trap topological defects. They therefore serve as a second type of bulk-boundary correspondence for the topological skyrmion phases. In the process of characterizing this defect bulk-boundary correspondence, we develop recipes for constructing physically-relevant model Hamiltonians for topological skyrmion phases, efficient methods for computing the skyrmion number, and introduce three-dimensional topological skyrmion phases into the literature.

Topic: Topological Materials and Phenomena
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intuitionistic fuzzy DEMATEL for developing causal relationship of water security

Purpose This study aims to develop a cause-effect relationship between criteria that contribute to water security using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IF-DEMATEL) method. Differently from the typical DEMATEL which utilizes crisp numbers, this modification introduces intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) to enhance judgments in a group decision-making environment. In particular, the linguistic variables used in IF-DEMATEL are defined using the concept of three-tuple of IFNs. Design/methodology/approach Data with the linguistic variable “influence” were collected from a group of experts in water security via personal unstructured interviews. Seven water security criteria are considered in this study. Computational software was employed to execute the computational procedures of the IF-DEMATEL method. It is anticipated that by taking into account the hesitation degree of IFNs will reflect the scenario in real life, which could lead to precise decision-making. Findings The results show that “Over-Abstraction”, “Saltwater Intrusion” and “Limited Infrastructures” are the cause criteria that contribute to water security. In addition, the relationship map of influence shows that “Water Pollution” and “Rapid Urbanization” are the most vulnerable criteria as these two criteria are most easily affected by other criteria in a unidirectional relation. Practical implications It is anticipated that these findings will serve as useful references for water security management and policymakers. Originality/value The present study makes a noteworthy contribution to the modification of DEMATEL where three-tuple of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are considered in the computations. The present study also provides additional evidence with respect to factors that contribute to water security.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An estimate of the numbers of forest elephants in Gabon

ABSTRACT The number of elephants living in the forests of Gabon was estimated by a stratified dung survey. The forest zone was stratified according to the distribution of the human population. The density of dung-piles was estimated for each stratum by the line-transect method. The total number of dung-piles in the forests of Gabon was estimated to be 52.43 × 10 6 ± 13.25 × 10 6 . This gave an elephant estimate of 61,800 ±20,200. This survey shows Gabon to have one of the largest elephant populations on the continent.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Expansion and evolution of the R programming language

Change in language use is driven by cultural forces; it is unclear whether that extends to programming languages. They are designed to be used by humans, but interaction with computer hardware rather than a human audience may limit opportunities for evolution of the lexicon of used terms. I tested this in R, an open source, mature and commonly used programming language for statistical computing. In corpus of 360,321 GitHub repositories published between 2014 and 2021, I extracted 168,857,044 function calls to act as n-grams of the R language. Over the eight-year period, R rapidly diversified and underwent substantial lexical change, driven by increasing popularity of the tidyverse collection of community packages. My results provide evidence that users can influence the evolution of programming languages, with patterns that match those observed in natural languages and reflect genetic evolution. R's evolution may have been driven by increased analytic complexity, driving new users to R, creating both selective pressure for an alternate lexicon and accompanying advective change. The speed and magnitude of this change may have flow-on consequences for the readability and continuity of analytic and scientific inquiries codified in R and similar languages.

Topic: Computational and Text Analysis Methods
Subfield: General Social Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transforming Growth Factor‐α with Insulin Induces Proliferation in Rat Utricular Extrasensory Epithelia

Hair cell loss in the human inner ear leads to sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that exogenous addition of growth factors, for example, transforming growth factor‐α with insulin, may stimulate the production of new supporting cells and hair cells in the mature mammalian vestibular sensory epithelium. Before any growth factor can be seriously considered for the treatment of clinical problems related to hair cell loss, its effects on the extrasensory epithelia must also be fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor‐α and insulin stimulate cell proliferation in rodent vestibular extrasensory epithelia. The cell proliferation marker, tritiated thymidine, was infused along with transforming growth factor‐α, insulin, or transforming growth factor‐α plus insulin into the inner ears of adult rats via osmotic pumps. Effects of the test agents were assessed on normal and drug‐damaged utricles. Drug damage was produced by delivering gentamicin directly into the inner ear before the infusion of test agent. Animals were killed 4 or 10 days after pump placement. Utricles were sectioned, processed for autoradiography, and examined for labeled cells within the extrasensory epithelia. In normal animals, transforming growth factor‐α plus insulin stimulated DNA synthesis in all regions of the extrasensory epithelia, suggesting that these agents are mitogenic for these tissues. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:816‐24.)

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fault-tolerant Holonomic Quantum Computation in Surface Codes

We show that universal holonomic quantum computation (HQC) can be achieved fault-tolerantly by adiabatically deforming the gapped stabilizer Hamiltonian of the surface code, where quantum information is encoded in the degenerate ground space of the system Hamiltonian. We explicitly propose procedures to perform each logical operation, including logical state initialization, logical state measurement, logical CNOT, state injection and distillation,etc. In particular, adiabatic braiding of different types of holes on the surface leads to a topologically protected, non-Abelian geometric logical CNOT. Throughout the computation, quantum information is protected from both small perturbations and low weight thermal excitations by a constant energy gap, and is independent of the system size. Also the Hamiltonian terms have weight at most four during the whole process. The effect of thermal error propagation is considered during the adiabatic code deformation. With the help of active error correction, this scheme is fault-tolerant, in the sense that the computation time can be arbitrarily long for large enough lattice size. It is shown that the frequency of error correction and the physical resources needed can be greatly reduced by the constant energy gap.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An overview of electronic health systems development &amp; integration in Scotland

Timely access to accurate and up-to-date medical information is key to delivering tailored quality health-care to patients. In order to enable services provision at multiple sites - depending on patients' needs as well as availability of services - patient information will routinely be transferred between various health-care providers. An increase use of Information and Communication Technology as a medium for information transfer in clinical settings is considered by some as an opportunity for better integrated care. The primary aims of an integrated national e-Health system is thus to provide quality health-care services and improving clinical outcomes for patients. In addition, secondary benefits potentially derived from an integrated e-Health infrastructure include: an increased capacity for audit and monitoring, as well as opportunities for secondary use of data for medical and public health research. We here provide a brief overview of recent developments in e-Health systems infrastructure development and integration in Scotland.

Topic: Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. A follow-up study].

The effect of operative treatment of spondylotic cervical myelopathy (SCM) was assessed by a follow up investigation of 33 patients submitted consecutively to operation. The patients were followed up on an average two years and two months after operation. As compared with the preoperative status, 39% of the patients had improved, 27% remained unchanged and 33% had a clinical status which was poorer than preoperatively. Age and sex were not found to be of significance for the prognosis. Patients with brief case histories had better effects of operation than patients with prolonged duration of the condition. The best results were found in patients in whom the duration of the condition was less than one year. Although 66% patients had obtained improved clinical condition or in whom progression of the condition has been arrested, 82% of the patients had been awarded social pensions at follow up examination as compared with 48% preoperatively. It is concluded that treatment of SCM should be instituted as early as possible in the course of the condition in the form of operative decompression of the cervical medulla.

Topic: Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ORAL IRON VERSUS PARENTERAL IRON SUCROSE IN A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN INDIA

Introduction: Nutritional iron deciency is one of the most common deciency disorders affecting more than one billion people, with pregnant women at particular risk. In pregnancy iron decit attributable due to increased iron demand of the feto-placental unit and an increase in maternal red cell mass. 30% of anaemic women have haemoglobin levels below 10g/dl above 10% below 8g/dl. Irrespective of mode of delivery blood loss can also be a contributing factor postnatal. Oral iron therapy and intravenous iron sucrose are the main therapy of iron deciency anaemia. The present study is aimed at comparing both their efcacy side effects. METHOD : Aprospective randomised control study was done from June 2019- September 2020, in the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Science, BG nagara. 253 women including antenatal women between 8-38 weeks gestational age were studied and postnatal women studied with no associated obstetrics and medical complication. They were divided into Group A (Oral) and Group B(Intravenous) by randomization. The two groups were monitored clinically, and for an improvement in laboratory parameters after four weeks on day 30 haemoglobin and haematocrit were repeated in both the groups. This study results were expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. And to test the signicance of difference between Oral and IVmode of treatment, student Ttest was done to verify the statistical signicance. RESULTS: Out of 253 patients in the study the mean age of ANC patients was 24.7+/- 4.4years. Mean age of PNC patients was 24.15+/- 3.5years. The peripheral smear showed Dimorphic anaemia in 9.1% and Microcytic Hypochromic picture in 90.9 % of the patients. Initial haemoglobin of ANC patients was 9.8+/- 0.3g/dl. The initial haemoglobin of PNC patients was 9.73+/- 0.91g/dl. 59.3% of the patient had a haemoglobin between 7.1 and 10.0g/dl. Final haemoglobin of an ANC patient was 11.68+/-0.98g/dl, PNC patients 11.69+/-0.99g/dl. There was a substantial increase in Group Ahaemoglobin (oral iron) raising from 10.2+/-7.2g/dl to 12.0+/-0.92g/dl with a T value of 9.25. as well as in Group B (iron sucrose) raising from 9.3+/-8.5g/dl to 11.3+/-0g/dl with T value of 5.65. In both cases this raise in haemoglobin after four weeks had a p value less than 0.01 which was highly statistically signicant. Conclusion:Intravenous iron sucrose is more effective than oral iron for correction of anaemia with lesser side-effect

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Uncharted WATERS: Sustaining a Meaningful Student Teaching Experience Amidst a Global Pandemic via an Online STEM Curriculum

Field experience is the culminating experience for pre-service teacher training. As COVID-19 closed schools across the country, pre-service teachers’ field experiences were disrupted. This case study examines how a student teacher, a team of mentor teachers, and a university supervisor at a regional public university adapted to remote learning. The findings suggest that there were gains and losses in terms of the pre-service teachers’ ability to develop essential skills; classroom management skills suffered while formative assessment practices, innovative lesson delivery, and reflection on instruction were enhanced. The transition to remote learning also caused the way student teachers’ skills were valued, as well as the effectiveness of their teaching, to change. How future teachers are prepared will need to be altered. Going forward, all teachers will need the skills to reach students in a variety of environments including face-to-face, remotely, and hybrid models.

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rockumentary: style, performance, and sound in a documentary genre

Rockumentary: Style, Performance, and Sound in a Documentary Genre is the comprehensive study of an audio-visual genre concerned with the nonfictional representation of rock music and related idioms. Sparked by the explosive rise in popularity of rock music in the 1960s, rockumentary follows a trajectory tracing the broader history of documentary practice, at times serving to reshape that history and at others providing the clearest examples of documentary's limits and potentials. It both captures and contributes to histories of documentary film and popular music generally, and rock music and rock culture specifically. It is noteworthy for its visual style, innovation in the area of film sound technology, and the complex industrial interactions which in part foster its development. Moreover, rockumentary serves as an early and ongoing example of the negotiation of the presence of stars and staged spectacles in the context of nonfiction film and video. It is the site where the anxieties about sound and the documentary imageâan unease which runs throughout the history of cinema and has specific implications within the context of nonfiction filmâare particularly acute, and the various conceptual and sociological issues surrounding film as a mediation of live experience versus a wholly constructed entity are crystallized most concretely. This dissertation presents rockumentary as an audio-visual genre with both artistic relevance and commercial appeal, and poses questions about the role of pleasure as a means of differentiating the corpus from other nonfiction film and video genres. Through textual analysis, reception studies, and documentary research, this dissertation contributes to film, media, and popular music studies, and lays the foundation for the study of nonfiction representations of popular music in contemporary moving images and new media.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN AUTONOMOUS LEARNING FACILITY TO ENHANCE WRITING SKILL IN DIGITAL ERA

This paper focuses on the using of social media as part of digital medias to enhance writing skill that to be one of  issues of Indonesian students. Internet facilities and social media are becoming increasingly important and take a strategic role in most of human activities included education and learning sector. The study was conducted at Tidar University, explored the experiences of second semester students supported the hypothesis that as students from non-English countries enter the globalization era where English is the norm, they are faced with the challenge of learning a new language especially in writing which has many requirements to make it such as vocabularies, grammar ideas and habit as a prerequisite to successful and further thriving .The fact that Indonesian students often played digital media as online communication stimulates young learners social connectedness. Academic achievement would also benefit from their activities, having access to a teaching material aimed at delivering skills for the use of Internet and digital technology. From the qualitative research done, the writer explored the new trend of digital media especially using social media to enhance writing ability as the facilities in autonomous learning because they are confronted with social media in their daily life anyway where they could use many channels they wanted to receive the information and learnt to share their writing freely and comfortably. From  findings, it can be concluded that social media boosts the writing proficiency, influences the autonomy and promotes independent of learning writing, improves the vocabularies references, increases the confidences, explores the experience and styles  also solves other academic difficulties such as grammatical rules, exploring  and also developing ideas

Topic: Educational Methods and Media Use
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evolution of the Modern Rhetorical Presidency: Presidential Presentation and Development of the State of the Union Address

This study looks at the structural and rhetorical changes in the state of the union address from George Washington to Bill Clinton. The author finds that beginning with early‐twentieth‐century presidents, the length of address drops significantly and the president increasingly attempts to identify himself as one of the public in the speech. Among other things, the findings suggest three distinct periods in the evolution of the state of the union address: a founding period, a traditional period, and a modern period. However, although early‐twentieth‐century presidencies may exhibit change in delivery and style of the state of the union address, it is unclear whether this can be credited to a specific modern rhetorical innovation or whether the traditional/modern paradigm may necessitate reevaluation.

Topic: Rhetoric and Communication Studies
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences