jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predictors of functional dependence at one year in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion

BACKGROUND: In China, the current status of clinical treatment of eLVO and the factors affecting its long-term prognosis are unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the predictive factors of functional outcomes at one year in patients of acute ischemic stroke with emergent large vessel occlusion (eLVO). METHODS: We retrospectively collected 536 patients who underwent treatments for eLVO. Primary outcomes included one-year functional outcomes and delayed functional independence (DFI). The logistic regression was performed to predict the primary outcome. RESULTS: 431 (85%) survivors participated in the one-year follow-up. In the multivariate logistic analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics, the following factors were found to be significant predictors of functional dependence at one year: old age (aOR = 1.042, 95% CI=1.01-1.076, p = 0.011), low Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) (aOR = 0.791, 95% CI=0.671-0.933, p = 0.005), unsuccessful reperfusion (aOR = 0.168, 95% CI=0.048-0.586, p = 0.005), poor medication compliance (aOR = 0.022, 95% CI=0.007-0.072, p &lt; 0.001), and complicated with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) (aOR = 2.269, 95% CI=1.103-4.670, p = 0.026). We also found that men (aOR = 3.947, 95% CI=1.15-13.549, p = 0.029) had better medication adherence (aOR = 14.077, 95% CI=1.736-114.157, p = 0.013), and going to rehabilitation centers (aOR = 5.197, 95% CI=1.474-18.327, p = 0.010) were independent predictors of DFI. CONCLUSION: The significant predictors of functional dependence at one year were: old age, low ASPECTS, unsuccessful reperfusion, poor medication adherence, and combination with SAP. Men, good medication adherence, and going to rehabilitation centers contributed to getting delayed functional independence.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Coupled Effect of Soil’s Acidity and Saturation on Pitting Corrosion of Buried Cast Iron

Abstract This paper presents the results produced from long-term tests designed to investigate the key factors affecting the external corrosion of cast iron pipes buried in clayey soil. The coupled effect of varying acidity (pH) and saturation (moisture content) of soil on the corrosion of cast iron buried in soil, including pitting corrosion, is thoroughly examined. Based on the observations and analysis of the test results, it is found that the coupled effect of high acidity (2.5 pH) and high saturation (80 %) of soil could create an accelerating environment for corrosion in the short term. In addition, the coupled effect of low acidity (5 pH) and high saturation (80 %) of soil could lead to a high corrosion rate for cast iron buried in the soil in the longer term. An empirical model for predicting pitting corrosion was also developed. The findings of this paper can have widespread applications, including corrosion protection and the development of models for the prediction of the remaining safe life of pipelines buried in corrosive soils.

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs in the traumatic brain injury model systems of care

Injury prevention is a major public health issue, and health care professionals must assume responsibility for educating the public, particularly children and youth who are at the greatest risk of becoming injured. This article describes injury prevention efforts conducted by traumatic brain injury (TBI) model systems in San Jose, California, Houston, Texas, and New York City, New York. THINK FIRST is a prevention program founded by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and utilized by the national TBI model systems. The THINK FIRST program is presented to elementary, junior, and senior high school students by young survivors of central nervous system trauma, health professionals, and occasionally a local celebrity. The message emphasizes personal vulnerability and possible consequences of risk-taking behavior. The article summarizes experiences in implementation of the THINK FIRST program by traumatic brain injury model systems. Results indicate that, once instituted, the program is well received in the schools, either in individual class or assembly presentations. During the study 271 students in individual classes were surveyed before and after THINK FIRST presentations. It was found that students demonstrated increased knowledge about the nature and consequences of injury after participation in the presentations. Although THINK FIRST was effective at increasing awareness in teenagers, reported behavioral changes after presentations were minimal. Thus, THINK FIRST programs may be useful as a supplemental tool to promote safe driving and riding practices.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Therapeutic potential of the epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in hypertension: a convergent signaling pathway of vascular tone, oxidative stress, and hypertrophic growth downstream of vasoactive G-protein-coupled receptors?This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigators' Forum.

The concurrence of enhanced vascular tone, oxidative stress, and hypertrophic growth is a hallmark of hypertension, the condition characterized by sustained elevated blood pressure. However, it is unclear how and why such apparently distinct processes coincide in hypertension. Elevated levels of certain vasoactive G-protein-coupled receptor agonists (such as catecholamines, endothelin-1, and angiotensin II) can explain, at least in part, the development and progression of many hypertensive disorders. Here, we review findings made by other investigators and ourselves suggesting that enhanced vascular tone, oxidative stress, and hypertrophic growth characteristically induced by these agonists involve the transactivation of growth factor receptors. The first step in this transactivation mechanism is agonist-induced activation of metalloproteinase-dependent shedding of growth factors. Shed growth factors then trigger intracellular signaling cascades necessary for growth, production of reactive oxygen species, and maintenance of vascular tone. If this hypothesis is proven generally correct, then transactivation blockers have general therapeutic potential in hypertension regardless of the causative agonist.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD 50cmVis2 #75075.1

Spectral data measured with a low-wavelength dispersion visible spectrometer. The entire visible range is measured simultaneously. Multiple lines-of-sight are used to measure the toroidal distribution or the poloidal cross-sectional distribution.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Some methodological remarks concerning of karst studies from the system approach perspective

A systemic approach in scientific research, including Earth and environmental sciences, has a fairly long history (over 50-70 years). It has demonstrated a high effectiveness in research, and its use is becoming more and more widespread. The article considers selected methodological issues that concern the systemic approach in the field of scientific knowledge about karst (karstology) and caves (speleology), such as: karst as a system-forming factor, holistic approaches in karst research, karst ecosystems and karst geosystem approaches, research methods of white box, grey box and black box testing. The authors suggest that the systemic approach is useful in karstology studies and should undoubtedly be used and developed.

Topic: Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 792469: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Psychometric testing of the modified Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation

Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the modified Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation. Design: All patients were assessed independently by a different set of two randomly selected nurses. Setting and subjects: A convenience sample consisting of 1197 patients and 42 nurses was recruited in an Austrian rehabilitation centre specialized on the treatment and care of neurological and orthopaedic patients. Measures: The Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation and the Barthel Index. Data analysis: To estimate aspects of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, Cohen’s kappa, percentage agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated. To evaluate the construct validity, a factor analysis was conducted. Criterion-related validity was examined by comparing data of the modified Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation with the Barthel Index and Pearson calculation. Results: The calculation of Cronbach’s alpha yielded values of 0.97. Kappa values were between 0.89 and 0.96, values of percentage agreement between 96% and 99%, ICC values between 0.94 and 0.99, and SEM values between 0.08 and 0.17. Pearson (r) was 0.88. The factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution. Conclusion: The modified Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation shows a high internal consistency, as well as a high level of equivalence. Furthermore, criterion-related validity and construct validity have shown satisfying results.

Topic: Delphi Technique in Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana det1 mutants suggest a role for cytokinins in greening. Progress report

When grown in the absence of light, the det1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana develop characteristics of light-grown plants by morphological, cellular, and molecular criteria. Further, in light-grown plants, mutations in the DET1 gene affect cell-type-specific expression of light-regulated genes and the chloroplast developmental program. Here we show that the addition of exogenously added cytokinins (either 2-isopentenyl adenine, kinetin, or benzyladenine) to the growth medium of dark-germinated wild-type seedlings results in seedlings that resemble det1 mutants, instead of having the normal etiolated morphology. Like det1 mutants, these dark-grown seedlings now contain chloroplasts and have high levels of expression of genes that are normally ``light``-regulated. These results suggest an important role for cytokinins during greening of Arabidopsis, and may implicate cytokinin levels or an increased sensitivity to cytokinins as explanations for some of the observed phenotypes of det1 mutants.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pre-travel health advice provided by the general practitioner

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Topic: Travel-related health issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mechanistic aspects of NMD in human cells

Eukaryotic mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs) are recognized and degraded through a process termed nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). To get more insight into the recruitment of the central NMD factor UPF1 to target mRNAs, we mapped transcriptome-wide UPF1-binding sites by individual-nucleotide-resolution UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) in human cells and found that UPF1 preferentially associated with 3′ UTRs in translationally active cells but underwent significant redistribution toward coding regions (CDS) upon translation inhibition. This indicates that UPF1 binds RNA before translation and gets displaced from the CDS by translating ribosomes. Corroborated by RNA immunoprecipitation and by UPF1 cross-linking to long noncoding RNAs, our evidence for translation-independent UPF1-RNA interaction suggests that the triggering of NMD occurs after UPF1 binding to mRNA, presumably through activation of RNA-bound UPF1 by aberrant translation termination.
Unlike in yeast, in mammalian cells NMD has been reported to be restricted to cap-binding complex (CBC)–bound mRNAs during the pioneer round of translation. However, we compared decay kinetics of two NMD reporter genes in mRNA fractions bound to either CBC or the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in human cells and show that NMD destabilizes eIF4E-bound transcripts as efficiently as those associated with CBC. These results corroborate an emerging unified model for NMD substrate recognition, according to which NMD can ensue at every aberrant translation termination event.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of Bio‐based Excipients in the Formulation of Lipophilic Nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals, and especially vitamins, are an integral part of food products and dietary supplements as they contribute to the health and well-being of consumers. Formulation strategies are key to ensuring chemical stability, improved sensory properties, and the high bioavailability of these ingredients. Bio-based raw materials such as carbohydrates, lipids, or plant proteins are functional ingredients used in such formulations. They stabilise emulsions by forming a protective matrix in which the lipophilic nutraceutical is entrapped. Pickering emulsions are highlighted as an alternative technology for the stabilisation of oil in water emulsions utilising bio-based materials such as zein, cellulose, and cereal proteins. This chapter highlights the functionality of bio-based excipients in formulations comprised of lipophilic nutraceuticals. Special focus is placed on industrially relevant microencapsulation technologies including emulsification used in combination with spray drying and fluid bed granulation, colloidal delivery vesicles, and the drying technologies being applied to deliver the final formulated product.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SU-E-J-232: Surface-Based Deformable Image Registration for Pleural Photodynamic Therapy

Purpose: Pleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in conjunction with lung-sparing surgical treatment for mesothelioma. An infrared (IR) camera based tracking system (NDI) has been used to improve the uniformity of delivered light as well as to contour the chest cavity. Deformable image registration of this contour with the contours obtained using other modalities such as CT during treatment planning can be useful to determine light dose to critical internal organs during PDT treatment. Methods: CT images were first imported into Matlab so that structure contour of lung could be obtained via the processes of noise filtrations, segmentation using k-means approach, and contouring using edge detection. The obtained two-dimensional lung contour was then rigidly registered with the contour obtained using the NDI system during the surgery before performing the moving mesh (ALE) based deformable registration in COMSOL Multiphysics. The three-dimensional registration was then obtained via the reconstruction of a series of 2-D results. Results: The contour of lung/chest cavity can be obtained from both CT and NDI system. A series of 2-dimensional deformable image registration are successfully performed for a range of contour cuts (z, along the patient axis) from −5 to 5 cm. Good agreements among contours are obtained for most slices. The reconstructed 3-D surface contours consequently has a good match between the NDI and deformed CT contour. Conclusion: Surface contours of lung/chest cavity of the same patient obtained from CT scans and NDI tracking system are obtained and pre-processed for the deformable image registration using moving mesh. The preliminary results show good registration results. Funding Support: NIH R01-CA-154562

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Point Counter-Point

We read with interest the article “Another case of bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammation” (1). We commend the authors for a comprehensive appraisal that included detailed clinical and radiological documentation and establishment of a causal relationship between the offending drug and the clinical findings. However, we seek to refute the assertion that this case represents the first instance of orbital inflammation following bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis. We reported 3 menopausal middle-aged women taking alendronate (Fosamax; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ) for osteoporosis, 2 of whom developed manifestations consistent with orbital inflammation: myositis and posterior scleritis (2). Causal association was established similarly by the temporal relation with commencement and withdrawal of the drug. Subsequent reports of orbital inflammation associated with various bisphosphonates administered for osteoporosis have appeared in the literature and online (3-5). Indeed, some of these reports cite our original article. Most of these cases have responded well to drug withdrawal and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Of note, rechallenge with intravenous zoledronate produced a recurrence (3). Fraunfelder et al (6) likewise observed recurrent scleritis on rechallenge with pamidronate. We believe that this association with variants of nonspecific orbital inflammation, while uncommon, probably occurs more frequently than is recognized or reported. A variety of ocular inflammatory manifestations are present in an idiosyncratic manner with different generations and modes of administration of bisphosphonates. Since osteoporosis and autoimmune ocular diseases occur most commonly in middle-aged women, it is important that ophthalmologists are cognizant of the association of ocular and orbital inflammation with this class of drugs. Where a positive history is obtained, we urge consideration of drug withdrawal in the management plan. Joyce N. Mbekeani, FRCS, FRCOphth Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Thomas L. Slamovits, MD Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York [email protected]

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vaccine coverage and compliance in Mexico with the two-dose and three-dose rotavirus vaccines

Worldwide, rotavirus infection has been a leading cause of severe diarrhea morbidity and mortality. Two rotavirus vaccines have been used in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Mexico; two-dose <i>Rotarix</i> from 2006 to 2011 and three-dose <i>RotaTeq</i> since 2011. This study assessed coverage (receiving at least one dose or full dose series) in eligible infants, compliance (% completing dose series and % completing series on schedule) in eligible infants vaccinated with <i>Rotarix</i> (2010) versus <i>RotaTeq</i> (2012), using Mexican Social Security Institute data nationwide and by regions. In 2010, 80.7% received at least one dose of <i>Rotarix</i>, 75.6% received both doses and 57.0% received both doses on schedule. In 2012, 85.7% received at least one dose of <i>RotaTeq</i>, 61.0% received all three doses and 43.2% received all three doses on schedule. More eligible infants received all doses with <i>Rotarix</i> versus <i>RotaTeq</i> (p < 0.001). Among infants vaccinated with <i>Rotarix</i> versus <i>RotaTeq</i>, 93.7% versus 71.1% completed full series (p < 0.001), and 75.5% versus 70.9% completed full series on schedule (p = 0.105), respectively. The full series coverage and compliance decreased in all regions with <i>RotaTeq</i> compared with <i>Rotarix</i>. In conclusion, rotavirus vaccination has successfully reduced morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Mexico. This study found significant differences in full series coverage and compliance among infants and a higher proportion of completed scheduled at an earlier age in Mexico when comparing a two-dose vaccine in 2010 with a three-dose vaccine in 2012. Such differences might need to be taken into consideration to maximize NIP benefits, including early protection of the rotavirus vaccination program.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Theoretical Investigation of Anisotropic Gain Mechanisms in InGaAsP-Based 1.5-$\mu$m Quantum Dash Lasers

We examine the electronic structure and optical properties of 1.5-μm InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dash-in-a-well (DWELL) and dash-in-a-barrier (DBAR) lasers. Using 1-D and 3-D k.p calculations, we show that the electron states are not confined to the dash layer in the DWELL structures and are poorly confined in the DBAR case, due to the small conduction band offset in InGaAsP systems. The built-in strain induces a large HH-LH splitting, resulting in a significant reduction in the calculated valence band density of states (DOS). Coupled together, these properties can be engineered to give a nearly symmetric conduction and valence band DOS within 0.1 eV of the band edge. The calculated gain due to light polarized along the TE(110) and TE(1-10) directions is anisotropic, with the degree of anisotropy dependent on the dash height and the area density of the dashes. We conclude that the dashes can provide a high modal gain with reduced transparency and threshold carrier density but similar threshold current density compared to equivalent quantum well devices.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences