jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the influence of wind-sand two-phase flow erosion on the output performance of photovoltaic modules

The wind tunnel experiment was used to study the impact of wind-sand flow erosion on the output performance of photovoltaic modules. The desert environment was simulated by controlling different wind speeds and dust concentrations, and the erosion effects of different wind speeds and dust concentrations on modules were obtained by controlling a single variable. The results show that the sand carrying capacities of different wind speeds are different. Due to the different sand carrying capacities, there are significant differences in the wind-sand two-phase flow at different heights, resulting in different erosion effects impacts on the output power of photovoltaic modules.At 10m/s wind speed, the relative loss rate of PV modules with tilt angle of 15 ° reaches 5.84 %. At the wind speed of 15 m/s, the relative loss rate of the photovoltaic module with a tilt angle of 15° reaches 19.02 % ; at the wind speed of 20 m/s, the relative loss rate of photovoltaic modules with inclination angle of 60° reaches 4.91 %.

Topic: Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Return on Investment of Harm Reduction Program in Malaysia

Malaysia has recorded a cumulative total of over 98,000 persons infected with HIV by the end of 2012. The number of recorded cases of HIV infection in Malaysia is highest among people who inject drugs(PWID) which constitutes 67 per cent of the total cumulative cases. In the effort to mitigate the HIV transmission among PWID, the government of Malaysia initiated harm reduction programmecomprising the Needle Syringe Programme (NSP) and Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) in 2006. Since its inception as a National Pilot Project in 2006, the funding for the programmes hasgradually been increased to increase the coverage of these programmes. During the phase of the harmreduction programme, the NSP was carried out by non-governmental organizations affiliated with theMalaysian AIDS Council whilst the MMT was provided by medical practitioners in the public andprivate health sectors. Since then the MMT programme has been expanded into the non-health sectorand is being implemented by the prisons and the National Anti-Drug Agencies (NADA). By the end of2011, the Malaysian government has invested a total of RM69.3 million for harm reduction programme.Despite the official recognition that the harm reduction programme may have been successful inreducing HIV transmission, concerns have been raised that public funding for these activities may not be sustainable in the long run and sources of alternative funding is desired. Thus, an assessment of the economic impact and cost-effectiveness of this programme is very much needed. This project aimed to assess whether the harm reduction programme in Malaysia, which consists of NSP and MMT programmes amongst PWID, have been cost-effective from the perspective of the government by estimating savings in direct health care cost to the government resulting from infections that were averted because of the NSP and MMT programmes. The cost-effectiveness and ROI of these programmes were evaluated over 3-time periods, from 2006 to current year 2013, a short 10-year future projection from 2013 to 2023, as well as projections from 2006 to 2050 to capture the long-term costs and benefits of the programmes. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate whether the harm reduction programme in Malaysia is cost-effective and whether they provide return on investments to the government. The cost-effective evaluation is aimed at examining whether the harm reduction programme represent value for money from the viewpoint of society, i.e. the benefits obtained justify the money spent by the government. On the other hand, the ROI analysis examines whether these programmes provide cost savings to the government, who is the main programme funder. As such, this economic evaluation has been conducted from the government perspective only. Cost of provision of MMT from private practitioners have not been included in the analysis.

Topic: HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Calibration of the Heston stochastic local volatility model: A finite volume scheme

The two most popular equity and FX derivatives pricing models in banking practice are the local volatility model and the Heston model. While the former has the appealing property that it can be calibrated exactly to any given set of arbitrage free European vanilla option prices, the latter delivers more realistic smile dynamics. In this paper, we combine both modeling approaches to the Heston stochastic local volatility model. We build upon a theoretical framework that has been already developed and focus on the numerical model calibration which requires special care in the treatment of mixed derivatives and in cases where the Feller condition is not met in the Heston model leading to a singular transition density at zero volatility. We propose a finite volume scheme to calibrate the model after a suitable transformation of the model equation and demonstrate its accuracy in numerical test cases using real market data.

Topic: Stochastic processes and financial applications
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Situating a Prism to See ‘All Colors’: Evaluations of the E-school System in Türkiye from the Perspective of Educational Equity

This research intends to delve into the first-hand information pertaining to learning analytics that belongs to PreK–12 education at micro, meso, and macro levels (Shum, 2012) in Türkiye from the perspective of equity in education through seeking to obtain the views of educational authorities and policy makers viz. school principals, the members of district national education directorate as well as those of Innovation and Educational Technologies General Directorate of MoNE (Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Education). To do so, adopting a qualitative route, the study attempts to inquire into the perceptions of the said groups i.e., 45 participants; in total-with 15 participants from each-about the role and place of the existing “E-school” structure that employs learning analytics towards the use of Big Data in Türkiye. This is realized particularly toward addressing and catering to students at risk alongside the disadvantaged. In this direction the research question is: “How do the decision-making bodies in Türkiye see the current E-school system as regards ensuring and sustaining educational equity?”. The semi-structured interviews aim to direct questions e.g., respecting the situation with school dropouts, the cases of students with special needs, the situation of those who are struggling and of refugees. The findings indicate a superposition; an entangled being of inherent disadvantages and that the present system needs to be further amended to better care for ‘all’ to speak of equity. This study will cast light on the potential value of learning analytics regarding its use for targeting/solving equity problems through the expert opinions from a developing country with highly dynamic demographics.

Topic: Online Learning and Analytics
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Osteocyte-osteoclast morphological relationships and the putative role of osteocytes in bone remodeling.

An osteocyte lacunae differential count under the light microscope (LM) (1-lacunae with live osteocytes, 2-empty lacunae and lacunae with degenerating osteocytes) was carried out outside the reversal lines of osteonic lamellar bone from various mammals and man to evaluate the possibility of osteocyte survival where osteoclast resorption had occurred. The polarized light microscope (PLM) was used to establish the curvature of bony lamellae outside the convexity of reversal lines: concave lamellae indicate osteocytes reabsorbed on their vascular side where they radiate long vascular dendrites; convex lamellae indicate bone resorption on the osteocyte mineral side, radiating short dendrites. In all samples it was found that: a) about 60% of osteocytes outside the reversal lines were live; b) the percentage of alive osteocytes close to reversal lines is higher when they are attacked on their mineral side. The present data support our view that surviving osteocytes, particularly those attacked from their mineral side, might intervene in the final phase of bone resorption (osteoclast inhibition?). The fact that under the transmission electron microscope (TEM) intercellular contacts were never observed between osteocytes and osteoclasts indicates that if a modulation should occur between these two cellular types it could take place by a paracrine route only. The putative role of the cells of the osteogenic system, particularly osteocytes, in the bone remodeling cycle is also discussed.

Topic: Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
What is recycled water, anyway? Investigating greenhouse grower definitions, perceptions, and willingness to use recycled water

Abstract As climate change and agriculture burden water resources globally, there is a need for more efficient water use including irrigation with recycled water in greenhouses. While research has proven that properly treated recycled water can be safe for use, many growers still express concern. Underlying most studies on growers' perceptions is the assumption that they understand recycled water the same way scholars and policy makers do—as municipally treated wastewater. We question this assumption and explore whether the ways in which growers conceptualize recycled water is associated with the ways they perceive its usability. Our findings reveal that growers define recycled water in four different ways—captured water, treated water, recirculation and in a general sense as ‘reuse’. These definitions do appear to suggest trends in the way recycled water is perceived by growers. While these definitions do not significantly affect growers' willingness to use, other factors such as prior experience using recycled water appear to be significant.

Topic: Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Experrimental Study on Simulation of Irregular Waves Using Ship-Generated Waves

At fishery harbors facing to open-sea, accidents which is concerned the ship mooring or entering into a harbor sometimes happen under severe wave conditions. However, there are few reseaches of these motions due to a necessity of long term observations and their risky works. In order to avoid the cost and the risk, we try to simulate the irregular wave trains that fishermen call "3 big and 4 small waves" or "3 big and 8 small waves" by the small ship repeated turning. It is found that the irregular wave trains can be made easily by changing the ship's speed and rudder angle.

Topic: Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Screening and risk group concepts in oncology (author's transl)].

Risk groups for cancer are characterized by (1) higher risk due to causal exposition or (2) risk indicators not causally related to cancer. Selective screening of high risk groups has to take into consideration the general preconditions of screening and additionally the special aspects of how to identify and how to reach the high risk group. Selective screening of risk groups may help to improve medical care of individuals at risk but obviously cannot reduce the cancer burden measurably. Selective screening should be integrated into basic medical care.

Topic: Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Approaches to Foreign Language Training of International Specialists (on the Example of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia)

The subject of the study is the effectiveness of approaches to the formation of foreign language linguistic competence of future international specialists. The object of the research is the professional language training of future international specialists studying at the Departments of Romano-Germanic and Oriental Languages of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the study is to generalize the cathedral approaches, their description, analysis and justification of their effectiveness in the process of teaching the language of the profession in all areas of university training. The authors consider in detail the approaches to teaching the language of the profession at the university as a whole, focusing on the analysis of approaches, methods and strategies used to form productive and receptive skills, considering all types of speech activity. The main conclusions of the study are the theoretical justification of the effectiveness and practical assessment of the reliability of approaches and methods of teaching the language of the profession, aimed at the formation of professionally necessary skills and abilities of future specialists, taking into account each of its specifics and practiced by all departments of foreign languages of the university, providing training in all areas of professional training of future international specialists. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the theoretical consideration of the effectiveness of approaches to teaching the language of the profession, taking into account certain specifics and complexity of some types of speech activity; generalization and analysis of the cathedral approaches and methods; consideration of approaches to the peculiarities of teaching translation of texts from a foreign language into Russian and from Russian into a foreign language. The novelty of the research lies in the concretization of approaches to teaching the language of the profession as a fundamental condition for the formation of foreign language linguistic competence of future international specialists; in determining the most effective methods and strategies for teaching a foreign language in terms of specialized professional training of students at the level of joint interrelated activity "teacher-student".

Topic: Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effect of Gender, Age, and Education on the Adoption of Mobile Government Services

This study explored the important role of demographic factors such as gender, age, and education in the adoption of mobile government (m-government) services. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was used as the theoretical foundation whiles the data was captured and analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS. The results have demonstrated that gender is a significant predictor of both the intention to use and performance expectancy of m-government services. However, gender does not determine mobile self-efficacy. In addition, age and education were both were significant predictors of performance expectancy, mobile self-efficacy and the intention to use m-government services respectively. The implications of these and other findings of the study are thoroughly discussed.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characteristics of maternal mortality in Paraguay (2014-2021)

Introduction: maternal mortality (MM) is a critical public health indicator. In Paraguay, the progress made was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the characteristics of maternal mortality in Paraguay between 2014 and 2021. Objectives: to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of maternal mortality in Paraguay during the period 2014-2021. Methodology: a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using data from death certificates of the General Directorate of Strategic Health Information (DIGIES) of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. We analyzed 740 cases of maternal deaths registered in the 18 Health Regions of the country, considering sociodemographic variables and variables related to causes of death. Results: there were 740 maternal deaths, with an average ratio of 83.91 per 100,000 live births. 2021 had the highest ratio (159.98). The majority occurred in young (58.65%) and adult women (66.31%), with predominant causes being diseases of Respiratory System 18.11%, toxemia 15.81%, and hemorrhaged 12.03%. Conclusion: MM presented an increase after the COVID 19 pandemic, so the study highlights the urgent need to strengthen access to quality prenatal and obstetric care, especially in public institutions, and to address the socioeconomic inequalities that affect maternal health.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High-pressure reactions of small covalent molecules. 12. Interaction of phosphorus trifluoride and sulfur hexafluoride

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-pressure reactions of small covalent molecules. 12. Interaction of phosphorus trifluoride and sulfur hexafluorideArnulf P. Hagen and Donald L. TerrellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 4, 1325–1326Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50218a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50218a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cerium as a quantum state probe for rare-earth qubits in a crystal

Rare-earth ions doped into a transparent crystal can have optically excited states with coherence times of milliseconds and hyperfine levels with coherence times of hours when cooled down to liquid helium temperatures. This makes them attractive for developing quantum computing hardware. A quantum transistor can be implemented in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal by utilizing a dipole blockade effect, where one excited ion prevents nearby ions from being excited. By using single rare-earth ions as qubits, the quantum processor is believed to be scalable to several qubits. In this thesis a readout mechanism for qubits represented by single ions (Eu or Pr) in a Y2SiO5 crystal is explored. A single cerium ion, in the same crystal as the qubits, could potentially be used as an indicator ion for non-demolition quantum state detection of the qubits. Cerium has a strong transition with high fluorescence yield which makes it possible to detect single ions. A cerium ion can be controlled by a qubit via the dipole blockade effect, and fluoresce if the qubit is in state |1> but stay dark if the qubit is in state |0>. Relevant spectroscopic properties of Ce:Y2SiO5 are studied, as well as interactions between cerium ions and qubit ions. The inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidth of the Ce:Y2SiO5 4f-5d transition is measured and fluorescence spectra for ions in site 1 and site 2 are characterized. The change in electric dipole moment as a cerium ion is brought to the excited state is measured. The static dipole interaction between a single cerium ion and a qubit ion is shown to be strong enough for efficient qubit readout. Energy transfer from cerium to qubit ions is investigated. A lower bound on the cerium-qubit distance is found in order to avoid energy transfer. Satellite lines belonging to cerium-qubit pairs are mapped out. A microscope set-up is built to detect single ions in a crystal. Single ion detection is believed to be within reach.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sinoatrial transmission and atrial invasion during normal rhythm in the rabbit heart.

Intracellular microelectrodes and small unipolar leads applied to endocardial surface of the right atrium in vitro were used to study the complex extracellular wave patterns recorded from the neighborhood of the cardiac pacemaker during spontaneous activity. Sinus activity propagated slowly toward the site of atrial invasion on the venous border of the crista terminalis. Atrial activation was marked by a primary negative wave that appeared 20-40 msec after pacemaker firing. Two sources of complex multiphasic waves were found. First, potentials from transitional sinus tissue propagated toward the atrium and caused low-voltage waves that preceded and slurred the onset of the atrial initial negativity. Second, bundles and layers of the crista terminalis muscle were excited asynchronously around the invasion region, as if cross-connections were infrequent. Waves originating from this source occurred after the firing of the invasion site. No extracellular wave could be associated with the firing of the true pacemaker cells. The sinoatrial ring bundle (SARB) yielded a discrete biphasic deflection along most of its way toward the coronary sinus. This potential appeared most frequently after that of the adjoining cristal muscle, raising questions about the functional role of the SARB as an internodal preferential pathway.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences