jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Colostrum immunoglobulin concentration in cows: relationship with their calf mortality and with the colostrum quality of their female offspring.

Samples of colostrum were taken from 180 suckling cows (beef cows) from the same herd, during the 3 hours immediately after calving over a period of 4 consecutive years. Total proteins in colostrum-whey were estimated by the biuret method, and concentrations of gamma-globulins determined by electrophoresis. The significance of the close relationship between calf mortality and gamma-globulin levels in the maternal colostrum was studied. An attempt was made to define levels suitable for the health of the calves. Twin birth, age at calving and food intake towards the end of the gestation period, whatever their effect on calf mortality rate, did not bring about any significant variation in the levels of colostral gamma-globulins. On the other hand, however, cows suffering from various infections had lower levels of colostral gamma-globulins, and produced a higher calf mortality rate. A high degree of repeatability in gamma-globulin levels was observed in colostrums produced by the same cow during successive calvings. A correlation between colostral gamma-globulin levels of a particular cow and those of her female offspring was also found. This result, which should be controlled on a larger number of animals, suggests the possibility of an approach of the problem of calf mortality, using a sanitary and genetic selection designed to reduce the number of cows producing colostrum with low levels of gamma-globulins.

Topic: Animal health and immunology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
First Report of &lt;I&gt;Hestiasula castetsi&lt;/I&gt; (Bolivar, 1897) from Kerala, India with Description of Unique Male Specimens (Mantodea: Hymenopodidae: Acromantinae)

The praying mantid species Hestiasula castetsi Bolivar (1897) belonging to the family Hymenopodidae is reported for the first time from Kerala, India with the description of the unique male. Two male specimens were collected from the Aralam Wildlife sanctuary of Kannur district, Kerala located in the southern Western Ghats. This species is diagnosed by the general form, by the very different form of frontal sclerite, wings and prolonged titillator of the genital. The genital of this species is quite unique and hence its placement under genus Hestiasula needs future research.

Topic: Fossil Insects in Amber
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Globalization, Biculturalism and Cosmopolitanism

Globalization forces many managers to increasingly interact with new cultures, even if these managers remain in their home countries. This may be particularly true of managers in emerging markets, many of whom experience an encroaching US culture due to media, migration, and trade, as well as the importation of US-style business education. This study explores the possibility of applying acculturation insights developed in the immigrant and sojourner contexts to the context of local managers in emerging markets. By exploring the acculturation of Mexican managers in Mexico, we help to redress what has been identified as a key omission in prior acculturation research — the acculturation of a majority population. Our results suggest that Mexican managers who are bicultural or culturally independent (cosmopolitan) are more likely to be in upper management positions in Mexico. Our study supplements earlier work supporting the efficacy of biculturalism in minority populations. It also supports a growing body of research that conceptualizes individuals who rate themselves low on similarity to two cultures as being cosmopolitans and not marginalized individuals who experience difficulty in life.

Topic: International Student and Expatriate Challenges
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gel‐permeation chromatography: Examination of universal calibration procedures for polydimethylsiloxane in a poor solvent

Abstract Various procedures for universal calibration in gel‐permeation chromatography with polystyrene gels are examined for polystyrene and polydimethylsiloxane fractions. For o ‐dichlorobenzene at 138°C, experimental intrinsic viscosity–molecular weight data show that the Mark‐Houwink exponents are 0.70 and 0.57 for polystyrene and polydimethylsiloxane, respectively. In principle, this difference permits a distinction between the various polymer size parameters proposed for universal calibration. An interpretation of the experimental polydimethylsiloxane calibration for o ‐dichlorobenzene at 138°C requires a consideration of errors in average molecular weights and errors arising from the use of average molecular weight instead of peak molecular weight. When calibration procedures utilizing hydrodynamic volume and unperturbed dimensions are examined, the difference between them is comparable with experimental error. If the Flory‐Fox viscosity expression is employed, the perturbed end‐to‐end distance (or radius of gyration) and the hydrodynamic volume give equivalent universal calibrations. The experimental data are sufficiently accurate to show that the perturbed dimension determined with the Ptitsyn‐Eizner relation does not give an adequate universal calibration.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gate-voltage-dependent charge transport in multi-dispersed polymer thin films

In semiconductor polymers, charge transport usually occurs via hopping between localized states, which are generally multi-dispersed due to multi-dispersed chemical structures, crystallinities, and phase segregations. We report a combined modeling and experimental study to investigate gate-voltage-dependent charge transport in field-effect transistors based on multi-dispersed polymers including semiconductor:semiconductor and semiconductor:insulator blends. Film-depth-dependent charge accumulation and transport are correlated with vertical composition profiles and film-depth-dependent energetic distribution of localized states. Even low gate-voltage could accumulate charges in any depth of the films, greatly increasing charge density in some (sub-) components for effective charge transport. Therefore, neither overall high crystallinity nor molecular ordering near the semiconductor-dielectric interface is necessarily required for high field-effect mobility (μFET). This study not only proposes a model for high effective μFET recently reported in some nearly amorphous polymer films and the “bislope feature” in their transfer characteristics but also helps improve transistor performances and exploit transistor operations via manipulating charge distribution in multi-dispersed films.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
"Safe from Utopia?" : the LSD controversy in Saskatchewan, 1950-1967

The controversy surrounding the use of LSD as an adjunct to psychotherapy for alcoholics in Saskatchewan has not been explored by social or medical historians. From 1950 to 1967, Saskatchewan psychiatrists developed new treatments for chronic alcoholism by using LSD on themselves, on volunteers and finally on patients. Despite early success and praise, the use of LSD in psychotherapy was later condemned by the media, the general public, the medical profession and eventually the federal government and was discontinued after being banned in 1967. The reasons for the ban were far-reaching and diverse. LSD was exploited by the counter-culture for "kicks" and was later abandoned by pharmaceutical companies because of the negative reputation lay-professionals and the media had bestowed upon its therapeutic use. As it turned out, legitimate LSD research became too clouded in controversy to survive the 1960s as researchers failed to convince the masses that the drug did not pose a threat to the well-being of society. In many respects, the LSD controversy can be seen as more of a moral panic than a scientific debate. Nevertheless, the LSD controversy provides a unique and much needed look into the history of medicine from a social perspective, illustrating that social values often have more impact on medical research than empirical validity. As recent evidence suggests, the psychotherapeutic potential of LSD -- as developed by Saskatchewan psychiatrists -- has not been forgotten. Indeed, a renewal of interest in LSD research has surfaced in several U.S. states as American psychiatrists are discovering, once again, that LSD can be a valuable psychiatric research tool.

Topic: Mormonism, Religion, and History
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Multi-Channel Feature Dimension Adaption for Correlation Tracking

Recent discriminative trackers especially based on Correlation Filters (CFs) have shown dominant performance for visual tracking. This kind of trackers benefit from multi-resolution deep features a lot, taking the expressive power of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, distractors in complex scenarios, such as similar targets, occlusion, and deformation, lead to model drift. Meanwhile, learning deep features results in feature redundancy that the increasing number of learning parameters introduces the risk of over-fitting. In this paper, we propose a discriminative CFs based visual tracking method, called dimension adaption correlation filters (DACF). First, the framework adopts the multi-channel deep CNN features to obtain a discriminative sample appearance model, resisting the background clutters. Moreover, a dimension adaption operation is introduced to reduce relatively irrelevant parameters as possible, which tackles the issue of over-fitting and promotes the model effectively adapting to different tracking scenes. Furthermore, the DACF formulation optimization can be efficiently performed on the basis of implementing the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Extensive evaluations are conducted on benchmarks, including OTB2013, OTB2015, VOT2016, and UAV123. The experiments results show that our tracker gains remarkable performance. Especially, DACF obtains an AUC score of 0.698 on OTB2015.

Topic: Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparative Cytogenetic Mapping and Telomere Analysis Provide Evolutionary Predictions for Devil Facial Tumour 2

The emergence of a second transmissible tumour in the Tasmanian devil population, devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2), has prompted questions on the origin and evolution of these transmissible tumours. We used a combination of cytogenetic mapping and telomere length measurements to predict the evolutionary trajectory of chromosome rearrangements in DFT2. Gene mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provided insight into the chromosome rearrangements in DFT2 and identified the evolution of two distinct DFT2 lineages. A comparison of devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) and DFT2 chromosome rearrangements indicated that both started with the fusion of a chromosome, with potentially critically short telomeres, to chromosome 1 to form dicentric chromosomes. In DFT1, the dicentric chromosome resulted in breakage–fusion–bridge cycles leading to highly rearranged chromosomes. In contrast, the silencing of a centromere on the dicentric chromosome in DFT2 stabilized the chromosome, resulting in a less rearranged karyotype than DFT1. DFT2 retains a bimodal distribution of telomere length dimorphism observed on Tasmanian devil chromosomes, a feature lost in DFT1. Using long term cell culture, we observed homogenization of telomere length over time. We predict a similar homogenization of telomere lengths occurred in DFT1, and that DFT2 is unlikely to undergo further substantial rearrangements due to maintained telomere length.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel semiconductor optical amplifier with tapered active channel

Tapered semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on SQW improved nanostructure (gain maximum at 840 nm) was used as output power amplifier in MOPA-system with SLD as master oscillator. CW output power of up to 0.5 W ex standard multimode fiber (MMF) was obtained.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulating Morphologically Detailed Neuronal Networks at Extreme Scale

In order to achieve performance at very large scale, the core functionalities of the widely used NEURON simulator have been isolated and optimized into a new application CoreNeuron. CoreNeuron has been developed with the goal of minimizing memory footprint and maximizing scalability. This paper presents the scaling behaviour and performance of CoreNeuron on up to 28 racks of the IBM Blue Gene/Q, with one MPI process per node and 64 OpenMP threads per MPI process, comprising 458,752 cores and 1,835,008 threads at maximum.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Essays on Communication and Information Transmission

This Ph.D dissertation addresses different issues concerning communication and information transmission in a game theoretical framework. I analyze different dilemmas that a player who sends\ninformation has to deal with. These dilemmas correspond to the following questions: "Should I invest into a verifiable message?", "When should I pass my information?" and "Is it better if I do not send my information, but collect information from others?". This thesis includes an introduction and three chapters. The introduction contains a general motivation for the three different problems that I model in this thesis. I give a detailed overview of all the chapters, survey the related literature and compare it to my results.

Topic: Game Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
THE PREPARATION OF VARIOUS TEAR-CONTAINING CREAMS AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES

In our research, the antibacterial properties of tear which protect our eyes from many infections have been investigated by using Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. In addition, the antibacterial effect of creams in different formulations containing vaseline, also known as petroleum jelly, prepared by mixing olive oil and lemon juice which have been known and used throughout history with tears have been investigated. The antibacterial effect has been investigated measuring the zone of inhibition diameters, also known as the Kirby-Bauer method. It has been determined that all samples showed antibacterial effects except Staphylococcus epidermidis to which only tear was applied. The highest antibacterial activity with tear containing cream (vaseline and olive oil) has been observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. In addition, tear containing cream (vaseline, olive oil and lemon juice) has shown the highest antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus bacteria.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Long‐term control of large pontine arteriovenous malformation using gamma knife therapy: a review with illustrative case

Abstract Brain stem arteriovenous malformations ( AVMs ) are rare and their clinical management is controversial. A location in highly eloquent areas and a greater risk of radionecrosis are both serious issues for radiosurgery of this entity. We report a case of a pontine AVM treated successfully with gamma knife therapy. At 3 years angiographic follow‐up, imaging demonstrated complete thrombosis and there were no new neurological deficits, and at 7 years clinical follow‐up, the patient continued to be neurologically stable. Although all treatments carry risk of neurological compromise, gamma knife therapy may offer the best treatment option for brain stem AVMs as seen in the case presented herein. This case illustrates a rare case of holo‐pontine AVM tolerating gamma radiation with complete angiographical response and minimal neurological sequalae.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
QoS-Aware Admission Control and Resource Allocation in Underlay Device-to-Device Spectrum-Sharing Networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular infrastructure have been recognized as an important network-organization architecture in 5G networks. In these scenarios, existing works have explored the impacts of one or several factors among mode selection, admission control, partner assignment, and power allocation on the network performance. In this paper, we put forward an optimization framework that considers all of these coupled factors to investigate the spectrum sharing problem in D2D networks. In particular, we introduce an objective that combines the access rate and the network sum rate and then maximize it subject to users' quality-of-service requirements and resource allocation constraints. Due to its mixed combination, we focus on designing cost-efficient and easy-to-implement algorithms instead of finding globally optimal but exponentially complex solutions. By decomposition, we first devise two novel mode selection criteria and an admission-prioritized partner assignment scheme and obtain closed-form solutions for both admission control and power allocation. Moreover, we present a simple but interesting geometric interpretation on the physical implication of admission conditions. To further reduce the computational cost, we also exploit the structure of the formulation to devise a much faster heuristic algorithm, which usually runs at an order of millisecond. Simulation results show the low computational complexity of the proposed algorithms and exhibit their superiority against other schemes in terms of the access rate and the sum rate.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Requirements engineering and program synthesis: mutually exclusive or synergistic?

There has often been a clash within the formal methods community between early life-cycle proponents, such as the requirements engineering community, and late life-cycle proponents, such as the program synthesis community. This paper first characterizes these positions and their underlying assumptions, and then exposes a common set of problems and approaches. The paper then proposes an integrated life-cycle framework and expounds on its potential benefits. Technical challenges to achieving this integrated life-cycle framework are described, as well as some preliminary work towards that goal.

Topic: Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mg<sub>3</sub>[<i>M</i>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>H<sub>2</sub>O with <i>M</i> = Fe, Co: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Hydrogen Sorption

Abstract The titled materials were obtained neutralizing in situ prepared aqueous solutions of H 3 [ M (CN) 6 ] ( M = Fe, Co) by adding Mg(OH) 2 and evaporating the solvent under vacuum. Their crystal structure was solved and refined from powder X‐ray diffraction data. The two solids crystallize with a cubic unit cell, in the Pm $\bar{3}$ m space group, which corresponds to an ordered distribution of [ M (CN) 6 ] vacancies. The materials structure is preserved when the crystal water is removed by moderated heating. The formed open porous framework was evaluated from nitrogen and hydrogen adsorption isotherms. The amount of hydrogen adsorbed is similar to that found for transition metal Prussian blue analogues. The structural study was complemented with infrared, thermo‐gravimetric, and Mössbauer spectroscopy data.

Topic: Magnetism in coordination complexes
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanisms of response and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies has revolutionised the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, most patients fail to respond or develop acquired resistance. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to checkpoint-based immunotherapies is required. Key to this is the need to identify the exact immune cell phenotypes responsible for anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 response, including the factors responsible for their recruitment and retention in tumours. Currently clinical trials are exploring novel strategies for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, specifically through the targeting of alternative checkpoint receptors. In this thesis, we investigate the cells underlying response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy and show that CD103+ tumor resident CD8 T cells are strongly associated with patient overall survival in melanoma and expand significantly early during treatment with anti-PD-1. We show that IL-15 expression, but not tumor mutation burden, is associated with a higher density of these cells in patient tumors. Next, we investigate the expression profile of alternative checkpoint markers in primary, regional, and metastatic melanoma disease. Specifically, we show that only a small subset of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes expresses alternative co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory markers at any stage of disease, with PD-1 negative tumors lacking alternative targets compared to PD-1 positive tumors. Lastly, we investigate predictive biomarkers of response to second-line combination ant-PD-1+ anti-CTLA-4 after failure to first-line anti-PD-1 therapy. We characterize these patient tumors and identify the proportion of TCF7+ CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells as immune phenotypes associated with second-line response to combination treatment. Collectively, this thesis represents a significant step forward in our understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences