jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A convolutional neural network approach to early detect physiological disorders and maturity in ‘Abate Fétel’ pears

Image processing through the implementation of manually coded algorithms has been adopted to sort fruit depending on their defects and quality during postharvest operations. This study tested convolution neural networks with “You Only Look Once” (YOLO) architecture using a commercial online platform to detect physiological disorders and ripening stage in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pears. Storage disorders such as superficial scald and the starch pattern index (SPI) were assessed. Two different models were trained to detect: I) early symptoms of superficial scald or senescence scald on pear skin; II) the SPI value of pears assessed using the Lugol solution. Preliminary statistics showed that the first model reached low accuracy (up to 20% of true positives) but maintained a good average precision (60%) with different confidence thresholds (40 and 20%). The second had good performances compared to the CTIFL and Laimburg scales, with an F1 score of 0.36 and 0.59, respectively. The effectiveness of the transfer learning method was demonstrated. However, further image labeling and modeling research is needed to improve the performance of the simulations and to develop an application for portable devices for pre and postharvest quality assessment. These results could provide effective tools for producers to manage pears in different cold rooms and thus help them to ensure consumers acceptance.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EVC is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that EvC ciliary complex subunit 1, EVC, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. EVC mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of EVC in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of EVC expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Topic: Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE Pulse Wave Transit Time Measurements of Cardiac Output in Septic Shock Patients: A Comparison of the Estimated Continuous Cardiac Output System with Transthoracic

Background We determined reliability of cardiac output (CO) measured by pulse wave transit time car-diac output system (esCCO system; COesCCO) vs transthoracic echocardiography (COTTE) in mechanically ventilated patients in the early phase of septic shock. A secondary objective was to assess ability of esCCO to detect change in CO after fluid infusion. Methods Mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU, aged&amp;gt;18 years, in sinus rhythm, in the early phase of septic shock were prospectively included. We performed fluid infusion of 500ml of crystalloid solution over 20 minutes and recorded CO by EsCCO and TTE immedi-ately before (T0) and 5 minutes after (T1) fluid administration. Patients were divided into 2 groups (responders and non-responders) according to a threshold of 15 % increase in COTTE in response to volume expansion. Results In total, 25 patients were included, average 64±15 years, 15 (60%) were men. Average

Topic: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on the dorsal root potentials of the isolated perfused spinal cord in rat pups].

The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on the dorsal root potentials were studied in isolated spinal cord of 12-16 days old rats. It was shown that both neuropeptides evoked reversible depression of the dorsal root potential induced by stimulation of the neighbouring dorsal root. Application of vasopressin or oxytocin caused the reversible dose-dependent depolarization in the dorsal root. The depolarization was preserved in Ca2+-free manganese-containing solution. Functional significance of presynaptic effects of hypothalamic neuropeptides is discussed.

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Limitation of the therapeutic effort: ethical and legal justification for withholding and/or withdrawing life sustaining treatments

Withholding and withdrawing a treatment already established are two forms of limitation of the therapeutic effort (LTE). The question of undergoing or not undergoing lifesaving medical treatments is not restricted to a specific health care context, as it refers to a variety of treatments, and it does not concern a restricted group of diseases. LTE has become part of the options compatible with the good clinical practice, in accordance with a deep change in modern medicine’s ‘mission’ along with the increased importance attributed to the patient’s general, personal condition, and to the quality of his/her life. However, LTE remains a controversial issue, and it still has many opponents, in particular, but not exclusively, in those cases in which the question is the withdrawal of treatments, which a widespread conventional wisdom considers ethically and legally different from not initiating treatments. But is it justified to address LTE as a totally controversial issue, especially in case of withdrawal of treatments? The paper answers negatively by arguing that there are criteria both in medical ethics and in law often adequate enough to remove doubts, and to guide decisions and actions.

Topic: Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The potential health benefits of a novel symbiotic yogurt fortified with purple-leaf tea in modulation of gut microbiota

Background: The use of symbiotic functional yogurt is a trending dietary approach of positively modulating the gut and alleviating dysbiosis. These yogurts are fermented using probiotic live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. Purple-leaf tea (Camellia sinensis) which contains prebiotic polyphenolic compounds, has all the health benefits of tea in addition to high content of flavonoid bioactive anthocyanin compounds. Objective: The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of a novel symbiotic yogurt fermented using probiotic microbes and fortified with purple leaf tea puree in modulating gut bacteria profile using an in vivo animal experiment with white male Wilstar rats. Methods: An in vivo animal study was used to investigate the effect of symbiotic yogurt (PYPT) produced by fermentation of milk with probiotic starter culture ABT 5 (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophiles) and fortified with purple-leaf tea puree. A total of 16 Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 8 doses of 4mg/g of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity. In a randomized control design, 8 of the experimental control rats were fed with normal standard rat feed, while 8 intervention rats were fed with the formulated yogurt for a period of 28 days. The gut health bacteria biomarkers were determined from the rats’ fecal matter by extraction of DNA using the ZymoBIOMIC kit protocol and profiled by the polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) molecular technique, of 16S rRNA. The data of the bacteria taxonomic classifications and abundance was processed and interpreted using DADA2 package and Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology 2 (Qiime2). Results: No statistical differences in diversity of bacterial phyla were reported, but the composition of Actinobacteria increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control, while Proteobacteria decreased drastically in the intervention rats. Notably, the population of beneficial Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales in the intervention cohort increased significantly, while there was a reduction of bacteria with species with potential of pathogenic activity. Conclusions: Fortification of probiotic yogurt with purple tea with prebiotic polyphenols increased the population of beneficial gut modulating bacteria while reducing the pathogens. Therefore, the study demonstrates the constructive collaboration of probiotic microbes and the purple tea bioactive compounds in the novel symbiotic yogurt in improving the healthful gut commensal bacteria. Future research can profile more commensal bacteria and analyze gut metabolites such as butyrate as well as conducting human clinical trials. Keywords: Gut bacteria modulation, Symbiotic yogurt, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Purple-leaf tea, Fortification, Functional foods

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Simultaneous myocardial revascularization and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (report of a fatal case)].

Patients with coronary disease associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm or aortoiliac occlusive disease often raise problems of operative strategy. In particular, the order in which these lesions should be treated is a frequent source of controversy. Our approach for the past two years has been a combined myocardial revascularization with abdominal aortic reconstruction in patients with both lesions. From 1999 through 2001 seven patients underwent combined abdominal aortic reconstruction with coronary artery bypass grafting. We report here the fatal case of combined coronary artery bypass grafting and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Partial heparinization and operation without extracorporeal circulation caused acute thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm and femoral arteries. Our first experience advocates using total heparinisation and cardiopulmonary bypass for combined cardiac-aortic procedures.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of Credit on Economic Growth in the Global Crisis Context

Abstract Is there a connection between credit and economic growth in the present economic context? Credit was one of the factors which triggered the global crisis, thus, in the present paper we attempt to show whether there is a connection between credit and economic growth, the economy being unable to develop in the absence of credit. With the aid of a statistic software we have tried to determine the supposed existence of a connection between the GDP, credits offered to public administration and credits offered to households. The results of the analysis show that credits offered to households contribute to a greater extent to the formation of the GDP than credits offered to public administration.

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hypogammaglobulinaemia with Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Small Intestine

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel remains a rare cause of malabsorption and may be associated with a variety of immunoglobulin deficiencies.Two new cases are reported witb contrasting: modes of clinical presentation and the literature is rel'iewed.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cancer immunogenomic approach to neoantigen discovery in a checkpoint blockade responsive murine model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are an ideal immunotherapy target due to their high mutation burden and frequent infiltration with lymphocytes. Preclinical models to investigate targeted and combination therapies as well as defining biomarkers to guide treatment represent an important need in the field. Immunogenomics approaches have illuminated the role of mutation-derived tumor neoantigens as potential biomarkers of response to checkpoint blockade as well as representing therapeutic vaccines. Here, we aimed to define a platform for checkpoint and other immunotherapy studies using syngeneic HNSCC cell line models (MOC2 and MOC22), and evaluated the association between mutation burden, predicted neoantigen landscape, infiltrating T cell populations and responsiveness of tumors to anti-PD1 therapy. We defined dramatic hematopoietic cell transcriptomic alterations in the MOC22 anti-PD1 responsive model in both tumor and draining lymph nodes. Using a cancer immunogenomics pipeline and validation with ELISPOT and tetramer analysis, we identified the H-2Kb-restricted ICAM1<sub>P315L</sub> (mICAM1) as a neoantigen in MOC22. Finally, we demonstrated that mICAM1 vaccination was able to protect against MOC22 tumor development defining mICAM1 as a bona fide neoantigen. Together these data define a pre-clinical HNSCC model system that provides a foundation for future investigations into combination and novel therapeutics.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Genome-Wide Analysis of bHLH Gene Family in Loropetalum chinense var. Rubrum: Identification, Classification, Evolution, and Expression Pattern Diversity on Cultivations

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second-largest transcription factor in plants. Members of this family are involved in the process of growth and development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, signal transduction, and plant resistance. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum is a critical woody plant with higher ornamental and economic values, which used as ornamental architecture and traditional Chinese herbal medicine plant. However, the bHLH transcription factor in the L. chinense var. rubrum (Loropetalum chinense var. Rubrum) have yet to be systematically demonstrated, and their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis remains secret. Here, we identified 165 potential LcbHLHs genes by two methods, and they were unequally distributed on chromosomes 1 to 12 of the L. chinense genome. Based on a phylogenetic comparison with proteins from Arabidopsis, these bHLH proteins were categorized into 21 subfamilies. Most LcbHLHs in a given subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The gene ontology annotation and cis-elements predicted that the LcbHLHs had many molecular functions and were involved in plant growth processes, including flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic processes, etc. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns among different tissues and cultivars in L. chinense. Many LcbHLHs were expressed in leaves, and only a few genes were highly expressed in flowers. Six LcbHLH genes differentially expressed between species and periods in color variation, which may play a key role in anthocyanin synthesis. These further functional predictions of LcbHLHs were established by quantitative real-time PCR analysis and protein-protein interaction network. This study identified the six potential bHLH genes related to anthocyanin in L. chinense and created a solid framework for future research on the function and evolution of bHLHs.

Topic: Plant Gene Expression Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The outdoor thermal climate conditions at a historical mountainous tuberculosis sanatorium site in Greece

This work deals with the assessment of the outdoor environment of a sanatorium site in mountainous conditions which were historically considered favourable in the treatment of tuberculosis patients in the pre‐antibiotic era. Thermal climate conditions are estimated through application of the thermal climate index (THI) to site‐specific air temperature and relative humidity data along with kata‐thermometer data recorded at the balconies outside of patients’ rooms. Results show that the cold conditions dominate throughout the winter period at all observation times, whereas conditions of comfort prevail during summer, in morning and evening hours, and occur frequently in spring and autumn at noon.

Topic: Water management and technologies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prognosis of Lacunar Stroke Patients in Association with Leukoaraiosis

P152 Background: Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a frequent finding on CT scans of patients with vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease, particularly in those with lacunar stroke. Both conditions appear to be linked by a common pathophysiological mechanism, namely small vessel disease. Objective: To characterize the relationship between lacunar stroke and LA, and to correlate with the risk of recurrent lacunar stroke. Patients &amp; Methods: Baseline CT scans of NASCET participants with stroke as the index event were assessed for the presence and severity of LA by two readers independently unaware of clinical data. Results: Four groups based on the type of index stroke and on the presence of LA were formed: a) no lacunar stroke &amp; no LA (n=437), 2) non lacunar stroke &amp; LA (n=153), c) lacunar stroke &amp; no LA (n=365), d) lacunar stroke &amp; LA (n=76). Baseline characteristics different among the groups were: age &gt;65 years (53, 76, 56, 63% respectively p&lt;0.001), hyperlipidemia (30, 20, 37, 29% respectively p=0.002), smoking (42, 28, 41, 45, 42% respectively p=0.02) and degree of carotid stenosis 50–99% (52, 44, 45, 34% respectively p=0.01). Patients with LA were 2.9 times more likely to have multiple lacunes on CT (p=0.001). The risk of lacunar stroke at 5 years increased across the four groups (5, 8, 10 and 11% respectively p=0.02), after adjusting for all baseline characteristics. Conclusions: The presence of leukoaraiosis in lacunar stroke patients is associated with higher number of lacunar infarcts and strongly predicts the likelihood of developing a subsequent lacunar stroke. Our findings support the hypothesis that both conditions are caused by the same pathological entity in this patient population.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Detection of Banana Leaf and Fruit Diseases Using Neural Networks

In India, about 70% of the population depends on the agricultural production. Whereas, the agricultural plants and leaves are infected by some diseases by means of the insects which passes the diseases from one plant to the another plant. Meanwhile, these infected diseases can reduce the production yield in the agricultural farm. Hence it is required to detect the diseases in the leaves and fruits at the earlier stage. Therefore, the detection of diseases in the banana plant becoming in the challenging in the agriculture field. The diseases detection and classification of banana plant using image processing is the effective and an important thing to the farmers analyses the growth of the plant effectively and automatically with minimum cost. Therefore, proposed a system that detect diseases at earlier stage by using image processing and classify the diseases by ANN algorithm. The proposed system involve s several steps, image acquisition, image pre-processing, feature extraction and diseases detection and artificial neural network based diseases classification.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Mandate System as a Messianic Alternative in the Ultra-Religious Jurisprudence of Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer

Dr Rabbi Isaac Breuer, a German jurist and Jewish rabbi, represented the ultra-orthodox community in Palestine before the international committees which considered the future of the Palestine Mandate. In his work, Breuer criticised the concept of sovereignty and introduced an alternative regime for global governance of developing peoples. His unique position, as analysed in this article, can contribute to contemporary debates surrounding the role of sovereigns as trustees of humanity, sovereignty and international law and ways of promoting global peace and human welfare. By introducing Breuer's thought, this article seeks to contribute additional sources – both Jewish and universal – to these ongoing debates. Letting these neglected voices in international legal history enrich the debate can convince us, once again, of the importance of the periphery and of peripheral voices for the development, vitality and relevance of international law. Breuer's model replaces the notions of ‘sovereignty’ and ‘rights’ with those of internalised obligations and subservience to law and justice. Limiting any national aspirations to total sovereignty, he implored the United Nations to refrain from elevating the Jewish national home to statehood. Opposing the Zionist position, he insisted that the Mandatory power and international institutions would enable two nations to develop side by side, in what he termed ‘the state of peace’, under international trusteeship. We carefully draw on Breuer's insights to reflect on present debates on trusteeship, sovereignty and the management of areas devastated by conflict.

Topic: Global Peace and Security Dynamics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Gene Therapy in Hemophilia: Recent Advances

Hemophilia is a monogenic mutational disease affecting coagulation factor VIII or factor IX genes. The palliative treatment of choice is based on the use of safe and effective recombinant clotting factors. Advanced therapies will be curative, ensuring stable and durable concentrations of the defective circulating factor. Results have so far been encouraging in terms of levels and times of expression using mainly adeno-associated vectors. However, these therapies are associated with immunogenicity and hepatotoxicity. Optimizing the vector serotypes and the transgene (variants) will boost clotting efficacy, thus increasing the viability of these protocols. It is essential that both physicians and patients be informed about the potential benefits and risks of the new therapies, and a register of gene therapy patients be kept with information of the efficacy and long-term adverse events associated with the treatments administered. In the context of hemophilia, gene therapy may result in (particularly indirect) cost savings and in a more equitable allocation of treatments. In the case of hemophilia A, further research is needed into how to effectively package the large factor VIII gene into the vector; and in the case of hemophilia B, the priority should be to optimize both the vector serotype, reducing its immunogenicity and hepatotoxicity, and the transgene, boosting its clotting efficacy so as to minimize the amount of vector administered and decrease the incidence of adverse events without compromising the efficacy of the protein expressed.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences