jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of zoonotic chlamydiae in dairy cattle and contact persons

Chlamydial infections are a known problem in cattle farming. We want to find out whether they are related to chronic respiratory illness in farmers. We selected 48 dairy farms with a history or suspicion of chlamydial infections. Nasal and vaginal swabs, milk and fecal samples and paired sera were obtained from 5 cows of each farm. The presence of chlamydiae was analysed by rtPCR, by the ArrayTube DNA microarray test and paired sera were examined using an ELISA. The farmers were clinically examined by lung function testing, serology, allergy skin test, and their induced sputum was rtPCR tested. The analysis of 48 farms showed that in 31 (64.6%) farms at least 1 sample from at least 1 cow was positive in rtPCR and 12 (25%) farms were positive only by ELISA. Chlamydophila (C.)psittaci and C. pecorum were the most frequently identified species. At one farm, Chlamydia trachomatis was identified in cattle. So, far 39 individuals have been examined, 12 had respiratory symptoms and 33 were positive in serology. C. pneumoniae IgA occurred in 15 (38.5%) subjects and IgG in 26 (66.7%). Only 2 persons were positive for C. psittaci IgG. In 5 (12.8%) human sputum samples Chlamydia trachomatis was identified. We found a prevalence of 64.6% (rtPCR), which is a wide dissemination of chlamydial infections in cattle herds. In humans, we found signs of an immune reaction against zoonotic C. psittaci in 2 subjects, which had regular contact to birds. The cattle of these farms were tested negative. The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in 5 sputum samples is remarkable and interesting and needs further investigation, as well as the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis of 4 cows. The farmers of this farm have not yet been examined.

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors Promote Adaptive Immune Responses in Basal Cell Carcinoma

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Negative control for immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (A) Negative control for Cilia, and Sox9 (B) Representative image of negative control for CD4, CD8, FoxP3, MHC class I and HLA-DR-class II staining using tonsil.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Drying Characteristics of Apple Slabs after Pretreatment with Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>

Supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were 45oC, 25 MPa and 55oC, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increasing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and 70~80 μm, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution.

Topic: Food Drying and Modeling
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Tasks for the Symbiosis of Science and Industry

The article was written based on the data of an all-Russian expert survey of leading Russian researchers and heads of manufacturing companies involved in import substitution, the effectiveness of state subsidies for the interaction of science and production in creating an innovative product is considered. The problems that arose on the way to the successful implementation of the innovative product development program, resulting from a lack of investment and an excessive burden on the state budget, a shortage of specialists capable of transferring and promoting an innovative product to the market, are shown. A form of organizational reform of the structure of Russian science is proposed.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Educational Technique: Using a Phased Approach to Integrate Diagnostic Ultrasound into Athletic Training Education

Context: The use of point-of-care diagnostic ultrasound is increasing in health care, specifically among sports medicine clinicians as an adjunct to the physical exam. Given the role of athletic trainers in interdisciplinary sports medicine teams, athletic training educational programs should consider integrating this noninvasive imaging modality into curricula. Objective: To provide a framework for integrating diagnostic ultrasound imaging content into existing athletic training curricula. Background: A phased approach to incorporating ultrasound imaging into existing courses with minimal disruption is important for adoption. Foundational knowledge for skill performance begins with early exposure to ultrasound concepts and is followed by phased integration of hands-on ultrasound imaging into athletic training courses. Description: Content delivery considerations, such as online modules and technology needs, to enhance hands-on learning is discussed. Examples of integrating diagnostic ultrasound imaging throughout the curriculum, including anatomy, clinical assessment, and manual therapy courses, are provided. Clinical Advantage(s): Integrating ultrasound throughout curricula teaches students how to use and interpret ultrasound images as an adjunct to physical exam, enhancing the athletic trainer's value on a health care team and improving clinical practice. Ultrasound imaging can also be used as a valuable feedback mechanism during the performance of hands-on athletic training skills, including special tissue tests and manual therapy techniques. Conclusion(s): Following initial exposure to ultrasound imaging, the inclusion of diagnostic ultrasound instruction in athletic training curricula can expose students to ultrasound imaging, basic concepts, transducer characteristics, and image interpretation, which is a valuable adjunct to clinical practice.

Topic: Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Use of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief After Liver Resection

Survey of Anesthesiology: February 2007 - Volume 51 - Issue 1 - p 46-47 doi: 10.1097/01.sa.0000255133.10070.16

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploring the Role of Anionic Lipid Nanodomains in the Membrane Disruption and Protein Folding of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Oligomers on Lipid Membrane Surfaces Using Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The aggregation of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) on cell membranes is linked to amyloid diseases. However, the physio-chemical mechanisms of how these hIAPP aggregates trigger membrane damage are unclear. Using coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the role of lipid nanodomains in the presence or absence of anionic lipids, phosphatidylserine (PS), and a ganglioside (GM1), in the membrane disruption and protein folding behaviors of hIAPP aggregates on phase-separated raft membranes. Our raft membranes contain liquid-ordered (Lo), liquid-disordered (Ld), mixed Lo/Ld (Lod), PS-cluster, and GM1-cluster nanosized domains. We observed that hIAPP aggregates bound to the Lod domain in the absence of anionic lipids, but also to the GM1-cluster- and PS-cluster-containing domains, with stronger affinity in the presence of anionic lipids. We discovered that L16 and I26 are the lipid anchoring residues of hIAPP binding to the Lod and PS-cluster domains. Finally, significant lipid acyl chain order disruption in the annular lipid shells surrounding the membrane-bound hIAPP aggregates and protein folding, particularly beta-sheet formation, in larger protein aggregates were evident. We propose that the interactions of hIAPP and both non-anionic and anionic lipid nanodomains represent key molecular events of membrane damage associated with the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A study of seasonal price behaviour and market concentration of maize in Rajasthan

The paper investigates the price behaviour of maize and market concentration in Nimbahera market of Rajasthan.In view of this the present study was undertaken by collecting monthly wholesale prices of maize in major maize markets of Rajasthan for a period of 12 years (2002 to 2013).The seasonal price index pro ides a measure of the month to month variation in maize prices.Price of maize was found to be highest during off season and lowest during harvest season.Since maize is a Kharif crop, the arrivals were high during October to January.The higher seasonal indices of prices were observed during April to August during which the arrivals were found to be low.The Lorenz ratio was less than 0.5 in Nimbahera market.it can be concluded that the moderate market competitiveness in markets as the arrivals were concentrated among few large traders.The Lorenz ratio 0.49 for maize in Nimbaheda market showing moderate market concentration.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Outcome of arthroscopic debridement of cartilage injury in the equine distal interphalangeal joint.

The purpose of this study was to report long-term outcome following arthroscopic debridement of articular cartilage lesions of the distal interphalangeal joint, diagnosed with high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis was based on the results of diagnostic anesthesia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopy. Ten horses underwent arthroscopic evaluation for cartilage injury and received various intra-articular therapies after surgery. Three of ten horses had lesions that were surgically inaccessible. Four horses became sound and returned to their preoperative level of athleticism, and 1 horse returned to performance with continued intermittent lameness. None of the horses with an inaccessible lesion achieved soundness. Duration of lameness before surgery, preoperative evidence of degenerative joint disease, and surgical accessibility of cartilage injury did not exhibit clear influence on outcome. As a primary cause of lameness, articular cartilage injury of the distal interphalangeal joint carries a guarded prognosis for soundness with surgical therapy.

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
KESUKAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP BAKSO AYAM: PERBANDINGAN BERBAGAI JENIS DAGING AYAM DENGAN TEPUNG MOCAF SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI

Chicken meatballs are a popular processed meat product enjoyed by various groups of people. This study aims to evaluate consumer preferences for chicken meatballs made with different types of chicken meat and mocaf flour as a filler. The types of chicken used in the study included free-range chickens and broiler chickens. A Complete Random Design (RAL) was utilized with five treatments: P1: 100% free-range chickens; P2: 75% free-range chickens and 25% broilers; P3: 50% free-range chickens and 50% broilers; P4: 25% free-range chickens and 75% broilers; P5: 100% broilers. Each treatment was repeated three times. The parameters observed in the study included consumer preferences for color, aroma, texture, chewiness, taste, and overall assessment of the meatballs. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Duncan test at a 5% confidence level. The study's results indicated that the type of chicken used had no significant impact on consumer preferences regarding color, aroma, or overall assessment of the meatballs. However, it did have a significant effect on consumer preferences for texture, chewiness, and taste. These findings provide valuable insights into how the type of chicken meat influences the sensory characteristics of meatballs, as well as the potential of using mocaf flour as a filler to enhance the quality of processed chicken products.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Life cycle of Zygogramma bicolorata and its effectiveness as biocontrol of Parthenium hysterophorus in Lamjung, Nepal

The invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. poses a significant ecological and agricultural threat in Nepal, necessitating effective and sustainable management strategies. This study investigates the life cycle and biocontrol efficacy of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister against P. hysterophorus under greenhouse conditions in Lamjung, Nepal. Detailed observations on developmental biology revealed an average life span of 62–78 days from egg to adult, with females showing longer longevity (43.3±0.72 days) than males (37.0±0.94 days). Each female laid an average of 650±21.45 eggs during its lifespan, with 84.08% hatching success, 81.32% pupal recovery, and 78.69% adult emergence. The beetle exhibited four distinct larval instars, each showing progressive growth and color changes, followed by pupation at 3–5 cm soil depth. Feeding potential varied with the developmental stage and beetle density. Feeding trials revealed that both adults and larvae caused significant defoliation of Parthenium with higher beetle densities leading to faster defoliation. Defoliation was faster at the seedling stage than the flowering stage, with five beetle pairs completing defoliation in 1.13 days and 6.67 days, respectively, compared to 6.67 and 15.67 days with two pairs. Larvae were particularly voracious feeders, contributing more substantially to defoliation than adults. Based on these findings, Z. bicolorata shows strong potential as a biocontrol agent against P. hysterophorus, and further field-based research is recommended to evaluate its establishment and effectiveness across Nepal’s diverse agro ecological zones.

Topic: Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Near-room-temperature dielectric switch and thermal expansion anomaly in a new hybrid crystal: (Me<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)[CsFe(CN)<sub>5</sub>(NO)]

A nitroprusside-based hybrid crystal featuring a double-layered inorganic framework encapsulating organic cations exhibits thermo-responsive switching behaviours on dielectric constant and biaxial expansivity.

Topic: Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supramolecular Complexation and Enantiodifferentiating Photocyclodimerization of 2-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid with 4-Aminoprolinol Derivatives as Chiral Hydrogen-Bonding Templates

The photochirogenesis of 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid (AC) complexed to a hydrogen-bonding template (TKS159) was investigated to obtain mechanistic information on how chirogenesis is achieved for the dimerization of AC. Complexation of AC to TKS159 leads to the shielding of one of the two surfaces of the prochiral AC molecule. The two diastereomeric AC-TKS complexes, i.e., re-AC-TKS and si-AC-TKS, were characterized by changes in the UV-vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra and excited-state lifetimes. The ee is not simply determined by the diastereomeric ratio of the re- and si-AC-TKS complexes but also depends on the relative lifetimes of the diastereomeric complexes. The relative population of the re and si complexes was calculated from the enantiomeric excess (ee) for the products, taking into account the relative lifetimes of the two complexes. These studies established a protocol that can be used to reveal the mechanism for photochirogenesis by investigating the ground state and the excited state behavior of supramolecular systems.

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of Alcl3, Mgcl2, Cacl2, Ca(OH)2 and Caco3 For Stabilizing Erosive Soil of Oraukwu Gully, in Anambra State

Soil erosion is one of the natural disasters that have greatly affected Anambra State; for it has affected the welfare and wellbeing of different communities in the State. This research therefore aims at stabilizing an erosive soil in Oraukwu (a town in Anambra State) with the use of the solutions of some inorganic chemicals such as AlCl3, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Laboratory analyses to determine the percentage of the particle size distribution was carried out; after which 10g and 15g each of the erosive soil sample was applied with 2 mL solution each of the AlCl3, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 salt solutions. From the result of their particle size distribution, it was obtained that the erosive soil sample has a high percentage of sandy soil particles compared to the clay and the silt soil particles. After the different masses of the soil sample was stabilized with the use of the salt solutions, it was discovered that MgCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2 gave the highest stabilizing power while Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 gave the least stabilizing power. This was found out by using a pocket penetrometer. This then means that MgCl2, AlCl3 and CaCl2 will be very useful in stabilizing erosive soil samples when the applied to the soil sample in the right proportion.

Topic: Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Malaysian Contemporary Maqasid al-Shariah Discourse: Current Situation, Challenges, and Prospects

In Malaysia, a new discourse on Islam has emerged in the last 20 years, with a focus on the goals of religious teachings.This is referred to as maqasid al-shariah discourse.Previously, the discussion on the moderate and pragmatic aspect of Islam centred on the topic of public interest (maslahah), which is regarded as one of Islam's legal sources.The subsequent trend, however, suggests that Malaysian Islamic ethico-legal discourse has shifted toward an objective-based analysis of rulings in its legal corpora.The maqasid al-shariah discourse is active in several areas in Malaysia: 1) Governance framework for performance evaluation 2) Industry-focused research on the Islamic banking industry 3) basic/ methodological research.With the launch of the Shari'ah Index, a governance metric based on maqasid to gauge the country's performance from an Islamic perspective, maqasid alshari'ah has become a national agenda in Malaysia.During Najib Tun Razak's premiership, the government launched the Malaysian Shari'ah Index of Governance, which aims to assess its agencies' "seriousness" in implementing Islamic-based policies.Malaysian government efforts and policies were assessed against the five maqasid's essentials, which translate into eight governance rubrics covering Islamic law, politics, education, economy, health, culture, infrastructure development and environment, as well as social milieu.However, because it was led and funded by the government, there may be concerns about its impartiality.Some may interpret the overall result of 75.42 per cent, ranked as 'good,' as an attempt to self-praise and leverage its own credibility.It is worth noting that, despite the fact that Malaysia has seen several government changes since 2018, leaders from various parties who held governmental positions have unanimously declared that maqasid is the foundation of their leadership, particularly in Islamic religious affairs.Along with other principles such as rahmatan lil a'alamin and fiqh al-maliziy, the Pakatan Harapan government was relying on maqasid al-shari'ah as one of the main pillars of their new policies.

Topic: Education and Islamic Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum.

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum was successfully treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging was able to show the site of invasion, the two different components of the tumour, and the blood supply.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Photoperiodic Regulationof Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species

Summary Tree species adapted to the climatic conditions of the northern boreal and subarctic vegetation zones have a capacity to develop a very high level of frost hardiness, even to survive the temperature of liquid nitrogen in midwinter. Proper timing of hardening, as well as of dehardening, is crucial for winter survival of these species. In northern tree species, cessation of apical elongation growth and bud set is a prerequisite for developmental and metabolic processes leading to hardening, and this chain of events is induced by photoperiod. The northern tree species are closely adapted to the local light climate and display photoperiodic ecotypes. The critical photoperiod is under genetic control and increases with increasing latitude of origin of the eco-type. The photoperiod is probably perceived by the phytochrome system, but the role of other pigment systems, like cryptochrome, has not been studied in woody plants. Phytochrome genes have been cloned from both conifers and deciduous species, but so far we do not have any information about possible differences between photoperiodic ecotypes at the phytochrome level. Northern and southern ecotypes have different responses to red:far red ratios, which could indicate differences in composition of their phytochrome systems, for example, the proportions of phytochrome A and B. Both phytochrome A and phytochrome B can be involved in photoperiodic responses. Experiments with transgenic hybrid aspen suggest that responses to photoperiod could be affected by the amount of phytochrome A present in plants. In deciduous species, the plant hormone gibberellin A1 (GA1) can completely substitute for a long photoperiod, and short day induced cessation of growth is preceded by a significant reduction of GA1 levels, particularly in the elongation zone. Photoperiodic control of GA metabolism is supported by several studies, but very little is known about the interaction between phytochrome and GA metabolism and/or responsiveness to GA1. Although our knowledge is still very fragmentary, available results suggest that cessation of growth and initiation of hardening in trees can be controlled both through the phytochrome and the GA mediated systems. Research with tree species is a tedious and slow process, but with the emerging new methods and approaches, we may expect exciting new results in the near future.

Topic: Light effects on plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences