jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis

The maintenance of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) involves the recognition of preexisting modifications by heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which recruits the methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) to methylate the adjacent newly incorporated histones, establishing a positive feedback loop. However, how this positive feedback is restricted to maintain H3K9me3 homeostasis remains largely unknown. We performed an unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen and identified CUL5 ASB7 E3 ubiquitin ligase as a negative regulator of H3K9me3. ASB7 is recruited to heterochromatin by HP1 and promotes SUV39H1 degradation. During mitosis, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates ASB7, preventing its interaction with SUV39H1, leading to SUV39H1 stabilization and H3K9me3 restoration. Our findings reveal a dynamic circuit involving HP1, SUV39H1, and ASB7 that governs H3K9me3 homeostasis, ensuring faithful epigenetic inheritance and preventing excessive heterochromatin formation.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
What does Brexit Mean for the <scp>UK</scp>'s Climate Change Act?

Abstract This article examines the potential implications of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (so‐called ‘Brexit’) for the success and survival of the country's flagship climate policy, the Climate Change Act 2008. The impact of a ‘soft’ and a ‘hard’ Brexit for the main features of the Climate Change Act are assessed, building on documentary evidence and elite interviews with key policy‐makers and policy‐shapers. The article argues that the long‐term viability of the Climate Change Act was being threatened even before the EU referendum, and that Brexit will do little to improve this situation. Even though the existence of the Climate Change Act is not under immediate threat, a range of issues presented by Brexit risk undermining its successful implementation.

Topic: Political and Economic history of UK and US
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ayurvedic management of Jalodara with special reference to Ascites: A case study

Hepatic cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially if complicated by <em>Ascites</em>. This chronic condition can be related to the classical disease entity <em>Jalodara</em> in Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda). <em>Ascites</em> is the accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity. It is the most common manifestation of liver dysfunction. In modern science still there is no sure treatment which cure the patient of <em>Ascites</em> totally. it gives only symptomatic relief with time dependent recurrence. In such type of cases Ayurvedic treatment therapy gives result without any side effects. In Ayurveda there are 8 types of Udarroga are mentioned, and this case will be correlated with <em>Jalodara</em>. A 45 yrs. male patient came to OPD with abdominal distension, bipedal edema, anorexia, icterus, general weakness etc.since1 month. He was given <em>Nitya Virechana</em> with <em>Trivrutta Avaleha</em> and A<em>yurvedic Shamana Chikitsha</em> as well as restricted diet plan for 3 months with cow milk. after two months of treatment marked improvement was noted in all Symptoms of the patient. Hence it was concluded that ayurvedic management are useful in <em>Jalodara</em>.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 14:492-503 (2009) COMBINING MUTUAL INFORMATION WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS TO SCREEN FOR FUNCTIONALLY IMPORTANT RESIDUES IN INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ

Influenza hemagglutinin mediates both cell-surface binding and cell entry by the virus. Mutations to hemagglutinin are thus critical in determining host species specificity and viral infectivity. Previous approaches have primarily considered point mutations and sequence conservation; here we develop a complementary approach using mutual information to examine concerted mutations. For hemagglutinin, several overlapping selective pressures can cause such concerted mutations, including the host immune response, ligand recognition and host specificity, and functional requirements for pHinduced activation and membrane fusion. Using sequence mutual information as a metric, we extracted clusters of concerted mutation sites and analyzed them in the context of crystallographic data. Comparison of influenza isolates from two subtypes—human H3N2 strains and human and avian H5N1 strains—yielded substantial differences in spatial localization of the clustered residues. We hypothesize that the clusters on the globular head of H3N2 hemagglutinin may relate to antibody recognition (as many protective antibodies are known to bind in that region), while the clusters in common to H3N2 and H5N1 hemagglutinin may indicate shared functional roles. We propose that these shared sites may be particularly fruitful for mutagenesis studies in understanding the infectivity of this common human pathogen. The combination of sequence mutual information and structural analysis thus helps generate novel functional hypotheses that would not be apparent via either method alone. 1.

Topic: Influenza Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of serum levels of CRP and procalcitonin as early marker of sepsis in children with sepsis above neonatal age group

Background: Sepsis caused by infection remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity among children. Blood culture though gold standard requires lot of time for diagnosis, hence it’s necessary to rely on early diagnostic markers such as blood counts, micro-ESR, CRP, Procalcitonin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the serum levels of CRP, Procalcitonin as reliable and as early marker of sepsis in pediatric patients above neonatal age group.Methods: Children aged above neonatal age group with clinically suspected sepsis as per the definition given by the International Paediatric sepsis Consensus Conference were selected. Patients were classified as those with sirs, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Patients were divided into two groups one with culture proven sepsis and the other with non-culture proven sepsis. All patients had CRP, Procalcitonin levels measured at admission and 24hrs after admission. The primary outcome was to determine reliable marker in differentiating between the culture proven and non-culture proven sepsis, and to determine the early marker of sepsis.Results: Total 104 patients formed the study group, of which 42 belonged to SIRS group, 26 were sepsis, 19 were severe sepsis and 17 were septic shock. A total of 36 cases had culture positive. In present study PCT was found to be more reliable marker of sepsis as the sensitivity and specificity of PCT was more than CRP and AUC for PCT was significantly higher than CRP. PCT was found to be early marker as the AUC for CRP at 24hrs was significantly more than AUC for CRP at admission and there was no statistically significant difference between AUC for PCT at admission and 24 hours after admission.Conclusions: Both CRP and PCT levels have favourable test performance but PCT is more reliable. PCT is earlier to rise compared to CRP.

Topic: Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research data supporting “PM10 emission factors for non-exhaust particles from road vehicles: dependence upon vehicle mass and implications for battery electric vehicles”

This paper examines the vehicle weight-dependence of particle emissions from abrasion (brake, tyre and road surface wear) and road dust resuspension and generates a comparison of the two vehicle types and the data therein supports this calculation.

Topic: Vehicle emissions and performance
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Ophthalmic herpes zoster and delayed contralateral hemiparesis: a chance occurrence (author's transl)].

A 57 years-old woman developed a right hemiparesis with dysphasia four weeks after left Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. The CSF was normal while cerebral angiography showed segmental narrowing of the left carotid syphon and terminal branches. The patient's condition improved during the next few days with almost full recovery. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus followed by a controlateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia is a relatively infrequent clinical syndrome. After a review of the relevant literature and discussion of the various theories of causation, the authors suggest a chance relation between the two pathological conditions.

Topic: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regulatory T cells promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury by alleviating microglia inflammation via <scp>STAT3</scp> inhibition

Abstract Background Immediately after spinal trauma, immune cells, and proinflammatory cytokines infiltrate the spinal cord and disrupt the focal microenvironment, which impedes axon regeneration and functional recovery. Previous studies have reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs) enter the central nervous system and exert immunosuppressive effects on microglia during multiple sclerosis and stroke. However, whether and how Tregs interact with microglia and modulate injured microenvironments after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown. Method Regulatory T cells spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed in a mouse contusion SCI model. Microglia activation status was evaluated by immunostaining and RNA sequencing. Cytokine production in injured spinal cord was examined using Luminex. The role of STAT3 in Treg–microglia crosstalk was investigated in a transwell system with isolated Tregs and primary microglia. Results Regulatory T cells infiltration of the spinal cord peaked on day 7 after SCI. Treg depletion promoted microglia switch to a proinflammatory phenotype. Inflammation‐related genes, such as ApoD , as well as downstream cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α were upregulated in microglia in Treg‐depleted mice. STAT3 inhibition was involved in Treg–microglia crosstalk, and STAT3 chemical blockade improved function recovery in Treg‐depleted mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that Tregs promote functional recovery after SCI by alleviating microglia inflammatory reaction via STAT3.

Topic: Spinal Cord Injury Research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Loop 2 of<i>Limulus</i>Myosin III Is Phosphorylated by Protein Kinase A and Autophosphorylation

Little is known about the functions of class III unconventional myosins although, with an N-terminal kinase domain, they are potentially both signaling and motor proteins. Limulus myosin III is particularly interesting because it is a phosphoprotein abundant in photoreceptors that becomes more heavily phosphorylated at night by protein kinase A. This enhanced nighttime phosphorylation occurs in response to signals from an endogenous circadian clock and correlates with dramatic changes in photoreceptor structure and function. We seek to understand the role of Limulus myosin III and its phosphorylation in photoreceptors. Here we determined the sites that become phosphorylated in Limulus myosin III and investigated its kinase, actin binding, and myosin ATPase activities. We show that Limulus myosin III exhibits kinase activity and that a major site for both protein kinase A and autophosphorylation is located within loop 2 of the myosin domain, an important actin binding region. We also identify the phosphorylation of an additional protein kinase A and autophosphorylation site near loop 2, and a predicted phosphorylation site within loop 2. We show that the kinase domain of Limulus myosin III shares some pharmacological properties with protein kinase A, and that it is a potential opsin kinase. Finally, we demonstrate that Limulus myosin III binds actin but lacks ATPase activity. We conclude that Limulus myosin III is an actin-binding and signaling protein and speculate that interactions between actin and Limulus myosin III are regulated by both second messenger mediated phosphorylation and autophosphorylation of its myosin domain within and near loop 2.

Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Subfield: Aging
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Nano-PAA-CuCl2 Composite as Fenton-Like Reusable Catalyst to Enhanced Degrade Organic Pollutant MB/MO

The treatment of organic dye contaminants in wastewaters has now becoming more imperative. Fenton-like degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution was investigated by using a nanostructure that a layer of CuCl2 nanoflake film grown on the top surface of nanoporus anodic alumina substrate (nano-PAA-CuCl2) as catalyst. The new nano-PAA-CuCl2 composite was fabricated with self-assembly approach, that is, a network porous structure film composed of CuCl2 nanoflake grown on the upper surface of nanoporous anodic alumina substrate, and the physical and chemical properties are characterized systematically with the X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results showed that the nano-PAA-CuCl2 catalyst presented excellent properties for the degradation of two typical organic pollutants such as MB and MO, which were almost completely degraded with 8 × 10−4mol/L nano-PAA-CuCl2 catalyst after 46 min and 60 min at reaction conditions of H2O2 18 mM and 23 mM, respectively. The effects of different reaction parameters such as initial pH, H2O2 concentration, catalyst morphology and temperature were attentively studied. And more, the stability and reusability of nano-PAA-CuCl2 were examined. Finally, the mechanism of MB and MO degradation by the nano-PAA-CuCl2/H2O2 system was proposed, based on the experimental data of the BCA and the temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and theoretical analysis, the reaction kinetics belonged to the pseudo-first-order equation. This new nanoporous composite material and preparation technology, as well as its application in Fenton-like reaction, provide an effective alternative method with practical application significance for wastewater treatment.

Topic: Advanced oxidation water treatment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Factors Influencing Mode of Delivery in Primigravida: Outcomes and Challenges

Background: Caesarean deliveries are associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when compared to spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the factors influencing mode of delivery in primigravida to reduce caesarean section rates. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done at PMCH & RI for a period of 12 months. The data was collected through predesigned proforma by reviewing medical records and analysed using SPPS software. Results: Out of 1101 deliveries during the study period 608 were primigravida in which 8 were excluded for multiple pregnancy. Out of 600 deliveries, 371 (61.83%) had vaginal delivery and 229 ( 38.16% ) underwent caesarean section. Maternal age of 20-25 years, spontaneous onset / progress of labour, Fetal weight 2.5-3 kgs, clear liquor were the significant facilitating factors for normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: The prediction of mode of delivery depends on both obstetrics and fetal parameters. Proper counselling and pain management may encourage patient to choose vaginal delivery can significantly reduce caesarean section rates.

Topic: Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A study of the electric field intensity distribution of a modified probe for NSOM lithography

In this work, the shape of a near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) probe was modified using the results of numerical analysis based on a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. This probe has a narrow slit or small tip on its aperture. Especially in the near-field area, the electric field intensity distribution is heavily dependent on the polarization of the incident light. In the plane of polarization, the electric field intensity of the NSOM aperture probe is strongly enhanced at the edge of the aperture. Simulation results show that this enhancement can be totally or partially removed according to the size of the slit, if the slit carved on the probe is aligned with the polarization direction of the incident light. When a long slit is carved on the probe, the electric field intensity of the NSOM aperture probe in the plane of polarization shows a Gaussian distribution because the points of enhanced electric field intensity are totally removed. However, when a short slit is carved on the probe, the point of enhanced electric field intensity is removed at one edge of the aperture, and consequently the electric field intensity is enhanced only at the other edge. Moreover, when a tip is put on the probe, the electric field intensity is enhanced only near the tip. This means that a higher intensity electric field can be obtained on the surface to be processed in an area smaller than the aperture size. Therefore, the modified probe is expected to improve the fabrication of extremely small patterns. Furthermore, this type of probe can be easily realized compared to any other new-type probes, because it can be manufactured directly from existing probes.

Topic: Near-Field Optical Microscopy
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of the Volatile and Glycosidically Bound Compounds of Minority Vitis vinifera Red Cultivars from NW Spain

Aroma composition was analyzed in grape musts from five Vitis vinifera red cultivars (Pedral, Sousón, Caíño Redondo, Espadeiro and Mencía) grown in Galicia (NW Spain) with the aim to know the potential profile of these varieties. All cultivars were collected from Coto Redondo Winery vineyard (A.O.C. Rías Baixas) and grown under the same conditions. All cultivars (with a total of 96 aroma compounds, 35 free volatile and 61 glycosidically&#13;\nbound compounds) were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The results showed that Caíño Redondo and Pedral had the highest concentrations of volatile compounds. The free fraction showed the highest concentration for all cultivars studied with the exception of Pedral. High concentrations of free C6-compounds and free alcohols were found for all red cultivars studied, especially for Caíño Redondo. Sousón and Mencía presented similar characteristics in the free fraction. Pedral showed an important contribution of glycosidically bound compounds. This cultivar showed the highest concentration of bound alcohols, terpenoids, volatile phenols, and C13-norisoprenoids. With terpenoids, higher levels were found in the bound fraction than in the free fraction. Regarding C13-norisoprenoids, Pedral also showed an important contribution of these varietal compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a good separation of the different grape cultivars, so they could be discriminated based on their potential volatile composition. The oenological potential of ancient and minority grape varieties from NW Spain, with the aim to provide genetic diversity, is illustrated with this work.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prenatal diagnosis of cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome: Report of three fetuses and review of the literature

Abstract Cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome (COFS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease belonging to the family of DNA repair disorders, characterized by microcephaly, congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism and arthrogryposis. Here, we describe the detailed morphological and microscopic phenotype of three fetuses from two families harboring ERCC5/XPG likely pathogenic variants, and review the five previously reported fetal cases. In addition to the classical features of COFS, the fetuses display thymus hyperplasia, splenomegaly and increased hematopoiesis. Microencephaly is present in the three fetuses with delayed development of the gyri, but normal microscopic anatomy at the supratentorial level. Microscopic anomalies reminiscent of pontocerebellar hypoplasia are present at the infratentorial level. In conclusion, COFS syndrome should be considered in fetuses when intrauterine growth retardation is associated with microcephaly, arthrogryposis and ocular anomalies. Further studies are needed to better understand XPG functions during human development.

Topic: Ocular Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Clinical Research on Therapeutic Efficacy of Inteferon Alpha Combined with Lamivudine in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of interferon alpha combined with lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B .Methods Fifty-eight patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups:28 received interferon alpha and lamivudine simultaneously for 6 months,then lamivudine alone for another 6 months; 30 patients received lamivudine alone for 12 months.Results (1)The rate of HBV-DNA turned to negative(71.4%,20/28)in combination group that was close to lamivudine alone group(63.3%,19/30)(P0.05);(2)Proportion of HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion in combination group(46.2%,13/28)was higher than lamivudine alone group(20%,6/30)(P0.05);(3)The complete response rate of combination group was closely correlated with baseline ALT and HBV-DNA(P0.05);(4)The complete response rate of combination group was significantly higher than lamivudine alone group in patients with serum ALT2×ULN and HBV-DNA1.0×10 7 copies/ml.Conclusion (1)The rate of HBV-DNA turned to negative in combination group was close to lamivudine alone group,but HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion rate was higher in combination group;(2)The efficacy of combination therapy was better than lamivudine alone therapy in patients with at least moderately elevated baseline ALT and high level of HBV-DNA.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, Volume I.

Journal Article The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, Volume I Get access The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, Volume I. Edited for the Royal Statistical Society by M. G. KENDALL. (Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd, 1952. Pp. viii + 352. 21s.) W. B. Reddaway W. B. Reddaway Clare College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 63, Issue 250, 1 June 1953, Pages 417–420, https://doi.org/10.2307/2227139 Published: 01 June 1953

Topic: Census and Population Estimation
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences