jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Water transport property and wetness sensation of fabrics

Liquid water transport property of fabrics is important for clothing under hot and humid condition as well as conditions of high physical activity. It is a dominant factor affecting the thermal-physiological comfort. Here, we report a measurement method which can characterise the through-plane absorption behaviour of fabrics. Also, by calculating the water content of the bottom layer, the wetness of the fabric was evaluated. The wetness of the bottom layer correlates well with the subjective wetness sensation. Plant-structured fabric with grouped yarn at the back side and separated yarns at the face side facilitate the through-plane water movement. More water could be transferred to upper layers and its water content is lower than other structures, thus it could give a dry feeling to the wearer.

Topic: Textile materials and evaluations
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of ivermectin (Mectizan) on intestinal nematodes.

Ancillary to a community based mass treatment campaign of onchocerciasis with ivermectin, assessment of the drug's effect on various intestinal nematodes was made in Bebeka, Southwest Ethiopia between 23 April and 23 July, 1990. A total of 231 people were invited for the study and all consented. From each, stool specimen was collected before treatment, two weeks and three months after administration of ivermectin at a dose of 150 mcg/kg body weight. Various intestinal parasites were observed in many of the samples, ranging from single parasite up to five mixed infections per slide. Efficacy of ivermectin against Strongyloides stercoralis was 100% throughout the observation period. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides were found in 74.5% of the stool samples collected before treatment and this was reduced to 3.5% and 48.9% in the post-treatment samples of 15 days and three months, respectively. Similar observation was made for the other geohelminths at a lower cure rate. This finding shows that apart from its primary purpose in the control of onchocerciasis, ivermectin has the added benefit of eliminating ascaris and strongyloides infection in areas where such parasites are co-endemic. Furthermore, its significant effect on the intensity of the other enteric nematodes will have a great impact on reducing transmission. The public health significance of population based mass chemotherapy with ivermectin is discussed.

Topic: Parasites and Host Interactions
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
ESTIMATION USING FARM-LEVEL DATA

Methods for estimating production risk that is endogenous to inputs (‘stochastic technology’) have received significant attention in agricultural economics. While initial attention was focused on estimation from experimental data varying a single input (Day, Just and Pope(1979)), more recent attention has centered on farm-level stochastic

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Japan and Australia

Japan and Australia Get access WEST OF THE PACIFIC by ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON. Pp. 453, price $4.50. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1925. George M. Darrow George M. Darrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 17, Issue 8, August 1926, Pages 294–295, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102737 Published: 01 August 1926

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Time domain adaptive processing for multi-user crosstalk cancellation

Crosstalk is the major limiting factor affecting the achieve rate of VDSL/VDSL2 system. Several crosstalk cancelers from frequency domain have been proposed. However, these kinds of processing suffer from high computational complexity. This paper considers the crosstalk cancellation from time domain, a two stage adaptive filter is designed to cancel the crosstalk. Computer simulation results based on measured data verify the efficiency of the proposed method.

Topic: Power Line Communications and Noise
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Visualization of cardiac valve motion in man during external chest compression using two-dimensional echocardiography. Implications regarding the mechanism of blood flow.

Five patients who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography to assess valve motion. The mitral valve remained open throughout the entire compression-release cycle of CPR. The aortic valve opened during the compression phase of CPR and closed during the release phase. The pulmonic valve moved toward the closed position during the compression phase and the valve leaflets opened during release. Tricuspid valve leaflets never completely apposed, even during maximum chest compression, and they were widely open during release. Left ventricular dimensions did not change appreciably during CPR. These findings support the theory that forward blood flow during CPR depends on a generalized increase in intrathoracic pressure and not on direct compression of the heart itself. The left heart appears to act as a conduit for passage of blood, and mitral valve closure is not necessary for forward blood flow during CPR.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-Exciting Fluid Dynamos

Exploring the origins and evolution of magnetic fields in planets, stars and galaxies, this book gives a basic introduction to magnetohydrodynamics and surveys the observational data, with particular focus on geomagnetism and solar magnetism. Pioneering laboratory experiments that seek to replicate particular aspects of fluid dynamo action are also described. The authors provide a complete treatment of laminar dynamo theory, and of the mean-field electrodynamics that incorporates the effects of random waves and turbulence. Both dynamo theory and its counterpart, the theory of magnetic relaxation, are covered. Topological constraints associated with conservation of magnetic helicity are thoroughly explored and major challenges are addressed in areas such as fast-dynamo theory, accretion-disc dynamo theory and the theory of magnetostrophic turbulence. The book is aimed at graduate-level students in mathematics, physics, Earth sciences and astrophysics, and will be a valuable resource for researchers at all levels.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Distribution and breeding sites of potential dengue vectors in Kandy and Nuwara Eliya districts of Sri Lanka

The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science (CJMS) since its re-launch in 2016 is the official journal of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. The focus of the CJMS is to provide a platform to those involved in diverse fields of medical science to publish high quality research. This will facilitate promotion of evidence based medicine and thereby improve health care. This platform is open to doctors, researchers, scientists in medical sciences and medical education and students in both medical and allied health sciences. The CJMS is an open access, peer-reviewed journal.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Responsive Close Air Support

Abstract : In May 2011, International Security Assistance Force Commander General David Petraeus said the responsiveness of close air support (CAS) in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) went from great to exceptional in the previous year. He further stated, The traditional standard had been 12 minutes from the time assets are requested to when they are on station. Recently the average response time has fluctuated around eight minutes. This reduction applied specifically to troops in contact (TIC) situations where ground forces request CAS. Ground forces request CAS when their organic assets cannot handle the situation. In practical terms, this means aircraft are normally responding where ground forces are receiving accurate fire. Four minutes can seem like an eternity to a soldier in the middle of a complex ambush. Aircraft arriving even a few seconds earlier can make the difference between life and death. Numerous agencies and people contributed to this success story, but a great deal of credit belongs to three U.S. Air Force (USAF) captains and a Royal Air Force flight lieutenant2 at the Air Support Operations Center (ASOC) in Kabul. Their leadership as Fighter Duty Officers (FDOs) in charge of their respective shifts in the ASOC directly resulted in the increased responsiveness that General Petraeus lauded. They motivated their crews of highly skilled Airmen to reduce the historically acceptable 12-minute response time to TIC situations. Command and control of airpower in a complex combat environment is not easy, yet they saw the potential for improved support to the coalition s fielded forces and fought to provide it. As the campaign in Afghanistan enters its drawdown phase, an examination of how they achieved this dramatic decrease is appropriate.

Topic: Military History and Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Cardiology follow-up in childhood cancer survivors—Recommendations versus compliance

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of both early and late-stage cardiotoxicity. Despite these serious sequelae in cancer survivors, it is not known if patients maintain regular cardiology follow-ups throughout life. Our study evaluated if patients continue to follow cardiologists after cancer treatments finish. We noted that after the first routine follow-up visit, the majority of cancer survivors do not continue to follow up with a cardiologist, despite that being a recommendation by the Children’s Oncology Group and the American Heart Association. We found the lack of follow-up higher in survivors of leukemia/lymphoma malignancies. Our findings suggest a strong need for the education of patients, families, and primary care providers on the importance of lifelong cardiology evaluations.

Topic: Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fiber Optic Ocean Bottom Magnetometer

A 3-component fiber optic ocean bottom magnetometer (FOOBM) based on fiber laser sensing is proposed. The principles of the fiber laser magnetometer (FLM), the FOOBM and the interrogation system are presented. A filed test is carried out and the results show that the FOOBM is available to work in the ocean.

Topic: Geophysics and Sensor Technology
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Computer model for simulating the long-term dynamics of annual weeds under different cultivation practices

A model is being developed which describes the population dynamics of annual weeds and how it is affected by crop rotation, cultivation practices and weed control. The model aims to predict the development of a certain weed species in order to plan crop rotation and cultivation practices to minimize the risk of proliferation. The model does not predict the exact number of weeds expected to be found in a certain year or crop, but rather the general development over a number of years. The model includes documented knowledge, as well as informal expert knowledge, on seed survival in the soil, seed placement in soil after tillage, seed germination with respect to placement in soil, time of year and tillage, weed development in response to crop competitiveness and seed production of the weeds. The model is at present only accounting for the development of one weed species at a time, and only a few weed species are parameterised. However, the model can easily be extended with more weed species, crops and cultivation practices. Model predictions should match what knowledgeable weed scientists already know, perhaps with a little new insight.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep Factor Regression For Computer-Aided Analysis of Major Depressive Disorders With Structural MRI Data

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Conventional methods for MDD severity diagnosis usually rely on neuropsychological assessments that are subjective and susceptible. Recently studies have shown that structural MRI (sMRI) can provide objective biomarkers for MDD severity diagnosis. However, current MRI-based methods generally rely on hand-crafted imaging features and cannot explicitly identify MDD-associated depression symptoms, thus failing to increase our understanding of clinical and cognitive staging of MDD. In this paper, we first employ five depression symptom factors to quantitatively measure MDD grade from different aspects. Then, we design an end-to-end deep factor regression network (DFRN) to predict these factors directly from 3D T1-weighted sMRI scans. To uncover the contributions of different brain regions, we generate attention maps to uncover the implicit attention of the learned DFRN models. Experimental results on 116 MDD subjects show that the predictions for all five factors are positively correlated with ground-truth values. Attention maps also highlight the most informative brain regions for each factor.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on the Attractant of Fruit-piercing Moths

ブドウに存在する果実吸蛾類の誘引物質について検討した。ナイアガラ種ブドウをドラム缶につめ,通気し,揮発性成分を冷却トラップに捕集し,この凝集液をエーテルで抽出した。中性で非カルボニル部が誘引作用を示すことが判明した。珪酸クロマトグラフィーとガスクロマトグラフィーで有効成分の分離を行なったが,その本体は不明である。

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Robust surrogate-based optimisation of planar metamaterial structures

In this paper, we presented a novel and efficient automated implementation of an ASM synthesis approach for planar metamaterial structures. Satisfactory results are achieved using our implementation after only a few fine model evaluations, eliminating the computational expense of direct optimisation of the high-fidelity full-wave EM model. At the core of this approach is a quasi-Newton model-trust region optimisation algorithm that provide the robustness required to implement an ASM process by combining the global convergence properties of steepestdescent and the fast local convergence of quasi-Newton's methods.

Topic: Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The study of antioxidant activity on chololate functional drink (theobroma cacao l) with addition of cinnamon (cinnamomum burnzanii) = Studi aktivitas antioksidan minuman fungsional coklat (theobroma cacao l.) dengan penambahan kayu manis (cinnamomum burmanii)

Cocoa powder and cinnamon are the main ingredients for making chocolate _functional drink. Some different type and fat treatment of cocoa powder had analyzed used on their antioxidant activity, phenolics content, and flavonoid content. Type of the cocoa powder was based on the pH, and the fat treatment was based on the defatted and non--defatted method. Defeating cocoa powder was using centrifugation method and petroleum eter as the solvent. Based on the analyzed, the cocoa powders with non-defatted method had no significance difference (a=0.05), but the antioxidant activity are higher than the cocoa powders with detailed method The -Dark- non-defiitted cocoa powder had higher antioxidant activity (±50 ppm) among the other, such as Classic (+40 ppm) and Gold (+44 ppm). Cinnamornum burmanii was the cinnamon species that being used for the research. The cinnamon was analyzed based on the antioxidant activity, phenolics ,.ontent, and flavonoid content. Cinnamon had highest antioxidant activity than the cacao powder (8.80 ppm), and the antioxidant activity comes from the phenolics content (50.48 mg GAElml sample). The formula of the functional drink was determined on the chocolate concentration (100-65%), cinnamon concentration (0- 20%), and sugar concentration (0-15%). The formula that had higher antioxidant activity and being approved by the panelist is 75`A cocoa powder, 15% cinnamon, and 10% sugar 4290 ppm).

Topic: Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quality of Material Grape for Winemaking

The way of use of grape is divided into two types, i.e. table grape (eat in raw) and wine grape. In Japan, table grape left unsold are used to process to wine in history. But the quality required for table grape and wine grape is completely different. To make good quality of wine, many attentions are paid in recent grape growing. Sugar content is very important because it is converted to ethanol by fermentation. Malic and tartaric acid content is also important for sourness of resultant wine. But these compounds can easily adjust in its concentration by adding to grape juice/must. Besides these compounds, aroma compounds affect greatly to the wine quality. Aroma compounds have volatility and easily escape from liquid phase during wine-making. This effect partially causes the difference between smell of grape and wine. From this point of view, aroma-precursors considered to be more important. Aroma precursor is converted to aroma compounds during fermentation. For example, glucosidic aroma compounds have weak in smell and difficult to evaporate because of its solubility to aqueous phase by the effect of glucose attached. Once the glucose moiety is hydrolyzed with glucosidase during fermentation, it is changed to aroma compounds and is smell. Amino acids in grape berry are assimilated by yeast, and produce higher alcohol. Amino acids have no smell in grape, but their amount and composition will affect wine quality. Other aroma compounds precursors are also taken account of their concentration in grape at harvest for good quality winemaking.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Adjuvant treatment of arrhythmias with fructose sodium diphosphate

AIM: To assess the efficacy of fructose sodium diphosphate (FDP) in the treatment of arrhythmias. METHODS: The treatment group of 31 patients (M 17, F 14; age 51±s 18 a) was treated with FDP 5-10 g, iv drip, qd, in addition to conventional therapy, for 7-14 d. The other 31 patients in control group (M 20, F 11; age 59±16 a) were treated with the conventional therapy for the treatment of arrhythmias, for 7-14 d. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 90% in treatment group, and 65% in control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). Adverse reactions of FDP were not noted. CONCLUSION: FDP supplement is effective and safe in treating patients with arrhythmias.

Topic: Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Induction of Interleukin-37 Expression in Macrophages of Hyperlipidemic Mice to Attenuate Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide, leading to massive medical and economic burdens on society. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CVD, is the progressive buildup of plaque within arterial blood vessels that can lead to fatal downstream events such as heart attack or stroke. A key event contributing to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is the infiltration of monocytes and the formation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells within the vessel wall. This leads to inflammation and mass deposition of lipids within the artery wall, driving the disease progression. It is therefore extremely important to explore therapeutic options aimed at slowing the disease progression by preventing macrophage inflammatory signaling or controlling macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. I have investigated the role of macrophage-expressed Interleukin-37 (IL-37) in reducing the production and effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing foam cell formation. A retroviral vector with a region of the CD68 promoter upstream of my gene of interest was utilized to obtain robust, macrophage-specific expression of either IL-37 or EGFP. Experiments exploring the effect of IL-37 expression on macrophage inflammatory response, transmigration, and cholesterol homeostasis were performed in vitro. Macrophage IL-37 expression in vitro resulted in decreased mRNA and secreted protein production of key inflammatory cytokines, inhibited macrophage transmigration, as well as reduced lipid uptake compared to controls. The stable integration of the IL-37 or EGFP genes was necessary to execute a long-term atherosclerosis mouse study in vivo. The in vivo effects of macrophage-expressed IL-37 were investigated through bone marrow transplantation of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into irradiated, atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr-/- mice. After 10 weeks on a high fat diet, I found that mice with IL-37-expressing macrophages showed reduced disease pathogenesis, which was demonstrated by significantly less arterial plaque development compared to control mice. The athero-protective effect of macrophage-expressed IL-37 has implications for development of future therapies to treat atherosclerosis as well as other chronic inflammatory diseases.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences