jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neither takers nor makers: The Big-4 auditing firms as regulatory intermediaries

What are regulatory intermediaries? What roles do regulatory intermediaries play? What is the basis of their regulatory capacity and authority? This article examines these questions by focusing on the Big-4 international audit firms in the context of harmonizing international financial reporting standards. I argue that regulatory intermediaries perform a variety of regulatory market failure correcting functions for both regulatory makers and takers. Intermediation is far from being secondary to the regulatory process, and intermediaries, particularly those of transnational nature, have a pivotal role. Furthermore, regulatory intermediaries, as exemplified in the case of the Big-4, continuously challenge the primacy of the state, and the division of labor and balance of power between regulatory actors. Regulatory entrepreneurship and activism, coupled with unique organizational model based on global networks of partnerships, have led to the ascension of the Big-4 to unprecedented regulatory and market powers.

Topic: Regulation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Characterization of the Streptomyces globisporus 1912 lnd-cluster region containing the lndY, lndYR, lndW2, and lndW genes

Streptomyces globisporus 1912 lnd-cluster region which flanks structural lndZ5-lndZ6 genes contains four open reading frames lndW, lndW2, lndYR and lndY. The latter one encodes putative proteinase which can regulate landomycin production and morphogenesis like LndYR. However, results of lndY overexpression and gene knockout showed that lndY did not participate in regulation of landomycin production and morphogenesis of Streptomyces globisporus 1912. Using transcriptional fusion of promoter lndWp to catechol dioxygenase reporter gene xylE the temporal character of interaction of promoter lndWp and repressor LndYR was studied.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Contribution of the Bible to the History of Religion

Research Article| April 01 1928 The Contribution of the Bible to the History of Religion Irving F. Wood Irving F. Wood Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1928) 47 (1-2): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/3259514 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Irving F. Wood; The Contribution of the Bible to the History of Religion. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 April 1928; 47 (1-2): 1–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3259514 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 264 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Rhododendron glischrum" ] } The dataset includes 264 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018821-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An overview of fleas (Siphonaptera) in wild and domestic mammals from Algeria with new data from the central north and south of the country

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Fleas (Siphonaptera) are medically and veterinary important ectoparasites known to infest a wide range of host species. This study presents a systematic review complemented by new data on the diversity of flea species and host associations in Algeria. 198 mammals were examined, including previously understudied hosts such as sheep, red foxes, fennec foxes, and golden African wolves. Of these animals, 108 (54.55%) were infested with fleas. Overall, 1.906 fleas belonging to seven species (Archaeopsylla erinacei s.l., Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Pariodontis riggenbachi, Pulex irritans, Xenopsylla cheopis) were identified, originating from seven provinces across Algeria. Statistical analysis techniques were employed to process the data, including descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and principal component analysis (PCA).

Topic: Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of a LC-MS/MS method for the estimation of clinofibrate in human urine.

A highly sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of clinofibrate in human urine. The analyte and IS were extracted through a simple protein precipitation by the mixture of acetonitrile and 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (95:5, v/v) and separated on an Inspire C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size) column using isocratic elution with methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate (90:10, v/v). Mass spectrometric detection was performed in electrospray positive ionization MRM mode. The mass transition was m/z 486.3-->175.0 for clinofibrate and m/z 361.1-->233.1 for IS, respectively. The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min and the column oven temperature was set at 35 °C. The total run time was 6.5 min. Good linear relationships were obtained for all analytes over the concentrations ranging of 0.1002-10.02 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9991) and the limit of quantification was 0.1002 μg/mL. The extraction recovery was larger than 87.4% and intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy with RSD were all less than 6.5%. The total amount of unchanged clinofibrate excreted in urine was less than 0.34%. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of clinofibrate in human urine.

Topic: Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of somatostatin in the treatment of neoplastic chylothorax

Chylothorax is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the pleural space. Chylothorax can occur in various clinical settings and arise from diverse causes. The optimal management of the patients with chylothorax is still uncertain. Treatment of chylothothorax can be divided into conservative therapy, operative therapy and radiation therapy. Recent reports have suggested that octreotide, by value of its direct action on lymphatic flow, has been useful in resolution of neoplastic chylothorax in the adult population. We herein report prompt cessation of lymphorrhea in an adult patient with chylothorax using octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog.

Topic: Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
High Diversity of Novel Viruses in the Tree Pathogen Phytophthora castaneae Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing of Total and Small RNA

Phytophthora castaneae , an oomycete pathogen causing root and trunk rot of different tree species in Asia, was shown to harbor a rich diversity of novel viruses from different families. Four P. castaneae isolates collected from Chamaecyparis hodginsii in a semi-natural montane forest site in Vietnam were investigated for viral presence by traditional and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, i.e., double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs (sRNAs) and total RNA. Genome organization, sequence similarity, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the viruses were related to members of the order Bunyavirales and families Endornaviridae , Megabirnaviridae , Narnaviridae , Totiviridae, and the proposed family “Fusagraviridae.” The study describes six novel viruses: Phytophthora castaneae RNA virus 1–5 (PcaRV1-5) and Phytophthora castaneae negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PcaNSRV1). All six viruses were detected by sRNA sequencing, which demonstrates an active RNA interference (RNAi) system targeting viruses in P. castaneae . To our knowledge, this is the first report of viruses in P. castaneae and the whole Phytophthora major Clade 5, as well as of the activity of an RNAi mechanism targeting viral genomes among Clade 5 species. PcaRV1 is the first megabirnavirus described in oomycetes and the genus Phytophthora .

Topic: Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A law of the wall for turbulent boundary layers with suction: Stevenson’s formula revisited

The turbulent velocity field in the viscous sublayer of the boundary layer with suction to a first approximation is homogeneous in any direction parallel to the wall and is determined by only three constant quantities — the wall shear stress, the suction velocity, and the fluid viscosity. This means that there exists a finite algebraic relation between the turbulent shear stress and the longitudinal mean-velocity gradient, using which as a closure condition for the equations of motion, we establish an exact asymptotic behavior of the velocity profile at the outer edge of the viscous sublayer. The obtained relationship provides a generalization of the logarithmic law to the case of wall suction.

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The role of L-lactate in NMDAR-CaMKIIα Interaction

NMDA receptors are the most studied receptors in the field of neuroscience and are known to play an important role in development and plasticity. These receptors exhibit different kinetics depending on their subunit composition. NR2A and NR2B are the predominating NMDAR subunits in the brain. These receptors localize to synapses where they interact with other proteins including CaMKIIα, an abundant kinase which plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Although CaMKIIα is known to bind to all types of NMDARs, it exhibits a higher affinity to NR2B compared to NR2A subunits. Studies have shown that lactate acts as a signaling molecule promoting the expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity via NMDARs activation. However, the mechanism describing how lactate exerts these effects is not well understood. We hypothesize that the redox state change, resulting from the metabolic conversion of lactate to pyruvate, may promote the interaction between CaMKIIα and NMDARs, thereby potentiating NMDARs activity. To tackle this question, we used a pharmacogenetics model consisting of NMDARs expressing HEK293 cells in the presence or absence of CaMKIIα. To monitor NMDARs activity, we use the ratio-metric calcium dye Fura-2 in calcium imaging experiments. We report that L-lactate decreases the peak responses of the NR2A and NR2B NMDARs in the absence of CaMKII expression. Upon CaMKII presence, we found that lactate prolongs the activation period of GluN2B as observed during the washout period and modestly increase the peak response of GluN2A NMDARs. Interestingly, we confirm that expressing CaMKIIα in control (no lactate) HEK cells significantly augmented NR2B but not NR2A NMDARs. We also report that pyruvate was able to increase peak responses of both NR2A and NR2B NMDARs in the absence of CaMKII, while it only increased the NR2A-NMDAR peak responses in the presence of CaMKII. These results suggest that lactate exerts a neuroprotective effect in the absence of CaMKII and it slightly boosts NR2B NMDARs activity when CaMKII is expressed, possibly favoring plasticity. Moreover, data obtained with pyruvate indicates that in our HEK cell model pyruvate affects the NMDARs in a manner independent of the presence of CaMKII through an alternative mechanism.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Spatial transportability of geobotanical spectral signatures associated with soil geochemical anomalies

Consideration is given to a specific problem of spectral signature extension through examination and comparison of multitemporal spectral data signatures developed over a generalized, along-strike geochemical trend located within eastern deciduous hardwood forest. The spectral geobotanical signatures associated with soil Pb, Cu, and Zn anomalies were examined in south-central Virginia. Spectral discrimination between a training pair of anomalous and control sites within the Mineral district was 100 percent successful. It is concluded that spectral geobotanical signatures serve to identify regions of lowered biomass, lowered vigor, and/or differing species composition.

Topic: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distribution and metabolism of <scp>D</scp> / <scp>L</scp> ‐, <scp>L</scp> ‐ and <scp>D</scp> ‐glufosinate in transgenic, glufosinate‐tolerant crops of maize ( <i>Zea mays</i> L ssp <i>mays</i> ) and oilseed rape ( <i>Brassica napus</i> L var <i>napus</i> )

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine whether post‐emergence application of glufosinate to transgenic crops could lead to an increase in residues or to the formation of new, hitherto unknown metabolites. Transgenic oilseed rape and maize plants were treated separately with L ‐glufosinate, D ‐glufosinate or the racemic mixture. Whereas about 90% of the applied D ‐glufosinate was washed off by rain and only 5–6% was metabolised, 13–35% of the applied L ‐glufosinate remained in the form of metabolites and unchanged herbicide in both transgenic maize and oilseed rape. The main metabolite was N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐glufosinate with total residues of 91% in oilseed rape and 67% in maize, together with small amounts, of 5% in oilseed rape and 28% in maize, of different methylphosphinyl fatty acids. These metabolites were probably formed from L ‐glufosinate by deamination and subsequent decarboxylation. The residues were distributed in all fractions of the plants, with the highest contents in treated leaves and the lowest in the grains (0.07–0.3% in maize and 0.4–0.6% in oilseed rape). There was no indication of an accumulation of total residues or of residue levels above the official tolerances for glufosinate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Smoking Affects the Post-Stroke Inflammatory Response of Lipid Mediators in a Gender-Related Manner

The main goal of our study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on selected derivatives of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, DHA, and EPA, which may be markers of post-stroke inflammation. The eicosanoid profile was compared in both smoking and non-smoking patients, without division and with division into gender. In the group of non-smokers, we observed higher levels of the linolenic acid derivative (LA) 9S HODE (p ≤ 0.05) than in smokers. However, after dividing the results by sex, it turned out that the level of this derivative was higher in non-smoking women compared to smoking women (p ≤ 0.01) and did not differentiate the group of men. Similarly, the level of the arachidonic acid metabolite LTX A4 (p ≤ 0.05) differed only in the group of women. In this group, we also observed a decreased level of 15S HETE in smoking women, but it was statistically insignificant (p ≤ 0.08). On the other hand, the level of this derivative was statistically significantly higher in the group of non-smoking women compared to male non-smokers. The group of men was differentiated by two compounds: TXB2 and NPD1. Male smokers had an almost two-fold elevation of TXB2 (p ≤ 0.01) compared with non-smokers, and in this group, we also observed an increased level of NPD1 compared with male non-smokers. On the other hand, when comparing female non-smokers and male non-smokers, in addition to the difference in 15S HETE levels, we also observed elevated levels of TXB2 in the group of non-smokers. We also analyzed a number of statistically significant correlations between the analyzed groups. Generally, men and women smokers showed a much smaller amount of statistically significant correlations than non-smokers. We believe that this is related to the varying degrees of inflammation associated with acute ischemic stroke and post-stroke response. On the one hand, tobacco smoke inhibits the activity of enzymes responsible for the conversion of fatty acids, but on the other hand, it can cause the failure of the inflammatory system, which is also the body’s defense mechanism. Smoking cigarettes is a factor that increases oxidative stress even before the occurrence of a stroke incident, and at the same time accelerates it and inhibits post-stroke repair mechanisms. This study highlights the effect of smoking on inflammation in both genders mediated by lipid mediators, which makes smoking cessation undeniable.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preparing a Causal Research Design

Abstract This chapter outlines the principles and practices of preparing a causal research design in qualitative research. It argues that a good causal research design is one that (1) poses a causal research question, (2) identifies what is at stake in answering this question, (3) describes the key concepts and variables, (4) offers a causal hypothesis, (5) accounts for competing explanations, (6) outlines plans for data collection and analysis, (7) plans for contingencies, and (8) discusses why the researcher is the right person to carry out this research. The chapter also considers potential challenges that researchers may encounter in designing and executing causal analyses, including the interrelated nature of the research design decisions and the need for subsequent revisions to the design in the field, and suggests practical steps that researchers can take to address these difficulties and succeed in their research.

Topic: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data set and analytic codes supporting "How do management decisions impact butterfly assemblages in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia?"

This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "How do management decisions impact butterfly assemblages in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia?". We investigated the impacts of replanting and alternative replanting decisions (replanting with monoculture versus polyculture oil palm plantations) on within-plantation environmental conditions and butterfly assemblages (diversity, density, and composition). We also assessed the effects of habitat structure and complexity within plantations on butterfly assemblages. Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund provided funding for MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) provided funding for the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was provided by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).

Topic: Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trial of Anti-BDCA2 Antibody Litifilimab for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

In a phase 2 trial involving participants with cutaneous lupus erythematosus, treatment with litifilimab was superior to placebo with regard to a measure of skin disease activity over a period of 16 weeks. Larger and longer trials are needed to determine the effect and safety of litifilimab for the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. (Funded by Biogen; LILAC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02847598.).

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Commissioning and Operation of FAST Electron Linac at Fermilab

We report results of the beam commissioning and first operation of the 1.3 GHz superconducting RF electron linear accelerator at Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. Construction of the linac was completed and the machine was commissioned with beam in 2017. The maximum total beam energy of about 300 MeV was achieved with the record energy gain of 250 MeV in the ILC-type SRF cryomodule. The pho-toinjector was tuned to produce trains of 200 pC bunches with a frequency of 3 MHz at a repetition rate of 1 Hz. This report describes the aspects of machine commission-ing such as tuning of the SRF cryomodule and beam optics optimization. We also present highlights of an experimental program carried out parasitically during the two-month run, including studies of wake-fields, and advanced beam phase space manipulation.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[The effect of dilutions of Apis mellifica and Apium virus on ultraviolet light-induced erythema in the guinea pig].

Dilutions of Apis mellifica (obtained from the whole bee) and Apium virus (obtained from bee venom) are used classically in homeopathy for inflammatory symptoms with edema, erythema and pruritus (Lewis triad). Using a method examining the evolution of UV induced erythema in the guinea pig, the authors show the following dilutions of Apis mellifica 7 CH(10(-14)), 9 CH(10(-18)) and of Apium virus 5 CH(10(-10)), 7 CH(10(-14)), 9 CH(10(-18)) exert an action on experimental erythema. The results are statistically significant for the dilutions at the 48th hour after irradiation.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences