jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of NMR Logging for Formation Damage Prevention: Water-Flooding Case Study in Cañadón Seco, San Jorge Basin

Abstract Water flooding is a well-established secondary oil recovery technique used in many reservoirs around the world. A key issue involved in water flooding is the prevention of the invasion of solids, which may cause formation damage and, consequently, inhibit injection and cease production. To remove fine particles cost-effectively from the flooding fluid, it is necessary to determine the maximum size of the particles that can flow with the fluid without plugging the formation. Determination of the threshold particle size, however, is often very challenging. In this paper, we report a successful water flood case study for San Jorge Basin reservoirs. Nuclear magnetic resonance log (MRIL [R]*) data were used to obtain the pore size distribution. Core NMR measurements were conducted to validate the T2 distributions derived from the MRIL logs. In addition, the same core samples were analyzed with conventional methods, including capillary pressure, SEM, thin section, and mineralogical analyses. Based on the MRIL log and core data, we were able to establish the correlation between the T2 distributions in the formation and the threshold solid particle size allowed in the injection water, which is important to prevent formation damage. A critical step in the process is the accurate determination of T2 distribution. Different inversion techniques were used for data processing from which we found that the inversion with gamma-density functions is the most suitable for matching the NMR-based pore size distributions with core-based pore body and throat size distributions. The approach was applied to the water-flood projects for Mina el Carmen formation reservoirs, San Jorge Basin, Argentina, in a pilot project involving multiple wells. The initial estimate of lifetime cumulative oil production was estimated with conventional-analysis prediction. Based on MRIL and core data analysis of a pilot well, the water-flood filtration program was changed, and successful water injection has continued for over two years. The cumulative oil production exceeds the initial estimate by more than a factor of 2. The particle-size correlation derived from the key well was found applicable to other wells in the same formation and water injection was applied to four oil-bearing zones. NMR logs were acquired for five of the seven wells in the project. The pore-size distributions derived from these logs are used to adjust the threshold particle size in the filtration program of the individual wells. To date, all of these wells have been producing successfully.

Topic: Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IMPERATIVES: FUTURE TEACHER VISION THROUGH QUALITY WATCH

UNICEF (2000) has identified five major components of quality education that include quality learner, quality learning environment, quality content, quality process and quality outcome. Quality teaching is included in the aspects of quality process and quality teaching rests with the quality of teachers. For quality teaching, we must have knowledgeable, skilled teachers in every classroom. There are some professional standards for teachers and teaching which we follow to ensure quality of teaching. This conceptual and theoretical paper is aiming to identify these professional standards for teachers and to explore that how these professional standards play an important role in producing quality teaching. The following core research questions were addressed in this paper: What are the professional standards for teachers; how these standards are developed and why these standards are important for quality teaching. The professional standards for teachers and teaching include the broad range of skills and knowledge that a teacher needs: deep content knowledge with varied instructional strategies; the establishment of a creative learning environment; the use of varied assessment techniques; the understanding of human growth; the ability to work with diverse learners; strong communication skills; instructional planning; and the ability to create strong partnerships with parents, colleagues, and the community. The Professional Standards for Teachers offer a platform for teachers to reflect on their professional practices. The standards are intended to help teachers to be familiar with their professional strengths, recognize learning and development goals and develop plans to meet those goals.

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Polymers for Disrupting Protein–Protein Interactions: Where Are We and Where Should We Be?

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to the cellular signaling and regulatory networks that underlie many physiological and pathophysiological processes. It is challenging to target PPIs using traditional small molecule or peptide-based approaches due to the frequent lack of well-defined binding pockets at the large and flat PPI interfaces. Synthetic polymers offer an opportunity to circumvent these challenges by providing unparalleled flexibility in tuning their physiochemical properties to achieve the desired binding properties. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field pertaining to polymer-protein interactions in solution, highlighting various polyelectrolyte systems, their tunable parameters, and their characterization. We provide an outlook on how these architectures can be improved by incorporating sequence control, foldability, and machine learning to mimic proteins at every structural level. Advances in these directions will enable the design of more specific protein-binding polymers and provide an effective strategy for targeting dynamic proteins, such as intrinsically disordered proteins.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation, identification and study the pathogenicity characteristics and biocontrol of bacterial citrus canker and tomato leaf spot causes

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted at the plant protection department, Agriculture college, University of Sana’a to study the hypersensitive reaction and bacteriocine of citrus canker and tomato leaf spots isolates and evaluate the biocontrol effects of Bacillus coagulans and crude antibiotic against pathogenic bacteria for citrus and tomato. Fourteen isolates were isolated from Lemon Lemon's seedlings with citrus canker on GNA medium collected from Tehama district, Hodeida, Yemen. Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri was identified according to the pathogenicity (6 isolates were positive), morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Positive reaction was shown for citrus canker isolates no. 5, 10, 11, 12 and 14 and tomato leaf spots isolates for HR test in tobacco cultivars, while Withinia sominefora had late reaction. Citrus canker isolates and tomato leaf spots isolate were could not produced of bacteriocin. The results of Bacillus coagulans clearly had more inhibitory effects against citrus canker isolates no. 14, 12, 9, 11 and 10 and tomato leaf spots isolate with means 30, 27.5, 27, 22.5, 20.8 and 20.5 mm respectively, however, Bacillus coagulans showed less effective on citrus canker isolates no.5, 8 and 2. Data showed that crude antibiotic of Bacillus coagulans had a strong antibacterial activity against citrus canker isolate no. 12 with mean 23 mm, but, no significant differences between two crude antibiotic effects which extracted by ethyl and benzene solutions, also, no significant differences were observed between product crude antibiotics in two media GNA and SPA on effect its of disease bacteria.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimal Design of Dependable Control System Architectures Using Temporal Sequences of Failures

Designing a dependable control system requires accurate methods to evaluate efficiently the dependability level of one given component architecture. This evaluation is crucial to determine the risks associated with system failures, and the remaining properties after fault occurrences. The dependability level of a control system depends not only on the kind of component failures that may occur, but also on the ordered sequences of the failure appearance. Classical evaluation methods, i.e. Fault Trees or Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, are not appropriate to handle these sequences. Our paper contributes on this aspect, and proposes a complete design methodology for dependable systems. This methodology uses ordered sequences of multiple failures to evaluate accurately the dependability level of all possible system's equipment architectures. Starting with the hierarchical functional decomposition of the system, the first step is to identify the dreaded events. Thus, the faulty behaviors of all possible system architectures are characterized with temporal operators. The set of system's operational architectures is finally determined by solving an optimization problem that considers both dependability objectives, and cost constraints. This methodology is applied to design a fire detection system for a railroad transportation system. In this paper, a complete methodology to design dependable control systems is presented. The innovative feature of this methodology is that it attempts to take into account time ordered sequences of failures. A new representation, called improved multi-fault tree, is defined. This tool allows us first to model failure relationships between functions, and second to evaluate the dependability level of a set of equipment architectures by the use of time ordered sequences of failures. Our design method provides a set of optimal architectures with given costs, and dependability levels. The designer can choose among these solutions tradin- g among the costs, and dependability level specifications. The comparison between the new approach and the classical dependability method shows that the set of solutions for the multi-fault tree is smaller than the set of solutions for the classical one. The set is smaller, but the solutions are better because the new approach integrates temporal functions, and evaluates more precisely the level of dependability than with the traditional one.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Use of an android phone application for automated text messages in international settings: A case study in an HIV clinical trial in St. Petersburg, Russia

Background/aims: Reproducible outcomes in clinical trials depend on adherence to study protocol. Short message service (also known as text message) reminders have been shown to improve clinical trial adherence in the United States and elsewhere. However, due to systematic differences in mobile data plans, languages, and technology, these systems are not easily translated to international settings. Methods: To gauge technical capabilities for international projects, we developed SMSMessenger, an automated Android application that uses a US server to send medication reminders to participants in a clinical trial in St. Petersburg, Russia (Zinc for HIV disease among alcohol users—a randomized controlled trial in the Russia Alcohol Research Collaboration on HIV/AIDS cohort). The application is downloaded once onto an Android study phone. When it is time for the text message reminders to be sent, study personnel access the application on a local phone, which in turn accesses the existing clinical trial database hosted on a US web server. The application retrieves a list of participants with the following information: phone number, whether a message should be received at that time, and the appropriate text of the message. The application is capable of storing multiple outgoing messages. With a few clicks, text messages are sent to study participants who can reply directly to the message. Study staff can check the local phone for incoming messages. The SMSMessenger application uses an existing clinical trial database and is able to receive real-time updates. All communications between the application and server are encrypted, and phone numbers are stored in a secure database behind a firewall. No sensitive data are stored on the phone, as outgoing messages are sent through the application and not by messaging features on the phone itself. Messages are sent simultaneously to study participants, which reduces the burden on local study staff. Costs and setup are minimal. The only local requirements are an Android phone and data plan. Conclusion: The SMSMessenger technology could be modified to be applied anywhere in the world, in any language, script, or alphabet, and for many different purposes. The novel application of this existing low-cost technology can improve the usefulness of text messaging in advancing the goals of international clinical trials.

Topic: Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Precursors of select GPI-anchored proteins positively regulate GPI biosynthesis under the control of ERAD

Abstract We previously reported that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis is regulated by endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD); however, the underlying mechanistic basis remains unclear. Based on a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen, we show that a widely expressed GPI-anchored protein CD55 precursor and ER-resident ARV1 together upregulate GPI biosynthesis under ERAD-deficient conditions. In cells defective in GPI transamidase, GPI-anchored protein precursors fail to obtain GPI, remaining the uncleaved GPI-attachment signal at the C-termini. We show that ERAD deficiency causes accumulation of the CD55 precursor, which in turn upregulates GPI biosynthesis, where the GPI-attachment signal peptide is the active element. Among the 32 GPI-anchored proteins tested, only the GPI-attachment signal peptides of CD55 and CD48 enhance GPI biosynthesis. ARV1 is essential for the GPI upregulation by CD55 precursor. Our data demonstrate an ARV1-dependent regulatory connection between GPI biosynthesis and precursors of select GPI-anchored proteins that are under the control of ERAD.

Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
5-HT metabolism in the intestinal wall of the rabbit.

The levels of TRP, 5-HTP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA were measured in the proximal colon of the rabbit using ion exchange chromatography and spectrofluorimetry. Assays were performed on fragments of the intact colonic wall, on the muscle layers containing nerve plexuses, and on the mucosa-containing enterochromaffin cells. In spite of identical TRP concentration, 5-HT levels were higher in the mucosa than in the muscle containing nerve plexus. In the muscle, the ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT was about 1, i.e., comparable to that of the brain, whereas the ratio was very low in the mucosa, suggesting a weak 5-HT catabolism in the enterochromaffin cells. When the mucosa was severed from the muscle, 5-HT synthesis was increased. In this case, 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations in the reconstituted wall (muscles + mucosa) were higher than in the intact wall. In in vitro studies, levels of newly synthesized (3H)5-HT from (3H)TRP were 3 times higher in the reconstituted wall than in the intact one, and the conversion index of TRP to 5-HT was higher in the mucosa and in the reconstituted wall respectively. These results suggest that enterochromaffin cells do synthesize 5-HT from TRP when the mucosa is divided from the muscle. (3H)5-HT was taken up by both nerve plexuses and mucosa, with a high affinity mechanism. Results from tryptophan loading experiments indicated that 5-HTP decarboxylase in the gut might be involved in the regulation of 5-HT synthesis. The mucosa severed from the muscles might represent a good model for the study of carcinoid tumour development.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Blood Supply of the Rat Biceps Femoris Musculocutaneous Flap

A variety of muscular or musculocutaneous flaps have been developed for clinical and basic science experiments in rats. The rat biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap was first described by Akyürek et al, has many advantages, and adds to the armamentarium of the plastic surgeons involved in flap research.[1] [2] Akyürek et al stated that the flap vascular pedicle nourishes the biceps femoris muscle via two terminal branches: one that goes directly to the muscle and another that goes to a fat pad. However, muscle necrosis is generally confined to the distal part of the flap.[1] We performed latex perfusions of 10 Wistar rats, and we identified a blood supply to the biceps femoris, which is different from previous descriptions. The study protocol was approved by the Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stochastic synaptic plasticity with memristor crossbar arrays

Memristive devices have been shown to exhibit slow and stochastic resistive switching behavior under low-voltage, low-current operating conditions. Here we explore such mechanisms to emulate stochastic plasticity in memristor crossbar synapse arrays. Interfaced with integrate-and-fire spiking neurons, the memristive synapse arrays are capable of implementing stochastic forms of spike-timing dependent plasticity which parallel mean-rate models of stochastic learning with binary synapses. We present theory and experiments with spike-based stochastic learning in memristor crossbar arrays, including simplified modeling as well as detailed physical simulation of memristor stochastic resistive switching characteristics due to voltage and current induced filament formation and collapse. © 2016 IEEE.

Topic: Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design research on calculus: Students’ journey in learning definition of definite integral

Abstract Some researchers report that students find difficulties in learning definition of definite integration. Therefore, classroom activities designed with design research method to help university students gain better understanding on this topic. In order to support students, realistic mathematics approach was chosen. Series of instructional activities had been designed to reach mathematical goal. Thirty of first year university students in Universitas Negeri Padang were chosen to implement the classroom activities that have been designed. This paper will report students’ journey in learning definition of definite integral in our local instructional theory (LIT). The research shows that students understanding about area, function, inscribed/circumscribed polygon, limit play important role to understand the definition of definite integral. Students need to see those concepts as a unit which cannot be separated to understand the definition of definite integral in a designed classroom activity.

Topic: Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Introduction: Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends

Although a kernel of truth or appropriateness underlies each one, numerous methodological and statistical criteria have been stretched beyond that kernel and have evolved into myths and urban legends. They are truly legends in that those applying it were told it was so and have thus accepted it and perpetuated it themselves in interactions with others. This is particularly prevalent in the manuscript development and review processes in which the mythical aspects of those criteria are applied. The end result is a degradation of the research process. The feature topic's purpose is to uncover the kernel of truth underlying the mythical nature of alternative model testing, cutoff values for certain criteria, common method bias, and mediation test. It is developmental in nature in that the desired result is to end the legendary application of those criteria and return to applying them in their intended manner.

Topic: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Marcan Priority Without Q: Explorations in the Farrer Hypothesis Edited by John C.Poirier and JeffreyPeterson. Library of New Testament Studies, 455. London: Bloomsbury, 2015 Pp. xiv + 272. Cloth, $110.00.

This stimulating volume features eleven essays foregrounding the merit of the Farrer Hypothesis (FH) as a solution to the Synoptic Problem. By way of introduction, Poirier enumerates several developments within scholarship that strengthen the credibility of FH's tenet that Luke used Matthew's Gospel, including a disenchantment with form criticism, an acceptance of a second-century date for Luke's composition, and an appreciation for Luke's literary adeptness. The remaining essays either propose new frameworks to increase the plausibility of Luke's use of Matthew or raise objections that call the existence of Q into question (especially as formulated by prominent Two-Document Hypothesis [2DH] proponents). Among the many highlights: H. Gorman appeals to the progymnasmata as a way of making sense of Luke's rearrangement of Matthean material; M. Goodacre argues that the increase in extensive verbatim agreements between Matthew and Luke in the double tradition compared to the triple tradition is most expediently explained by Luke's use of Matthew; and A. Abakuks offers a statistical analysis suggesting that Matthew's and Luke's redactions of Mark were not independent. The volume closes with a judicious and constructive response from longtime 2DH advocate Kloppenborg, whose evaluation is remarkably positive (short of endorsing FH). All of the essays in this book contribute to increasing the sophistication of our conceptions of the Synoptic Problem. For this reason, Marcan Priority without Q will be a valuable resource for supporters of any hypothesis—FH, 2DH, or otherwise.

Topic: Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences