jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
3D Road Geometry Based Optimal Truck Fuel Economy

This paper investigates the benefit of using a 3D road geometry based optimal powertrain control strategy in reducing the fuel consumption of heavy trucks. The optimal control, which applies a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, is designed to predict the optimal truck velocity trajectory, based on the road geometry with the consideration of fuel consumption and travel time. The fuel consumption baseline is developed based on an engineering drive cycle. Computer simulations of a Class 8 truck are conducted with Intermap real 3D road geometry. Simulation results show that the optimal control strategy is able to reduce the fuel consumption with equal or even shorter travel time, when compared to the defined baseline.

Topic: Vehicle emissions and performance
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application and Evaluation of a Pectin-Based Edible Coating Process for Quality Change Kinetics and Shelf-Life Extension of Lime Fruit (Citrus aurantifolium)

Uncertain storage conditions lead to considerable quality loss in lime fruits, which affect their consumer acceptability. Studies aimed at quantifying the kinetics of quality changes under different storage conditions are valuable for minimizing the product quality loss and improving their marketability. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of pectin-based coating on the kinetics of quality change in stored limes fruits using a pre-established coating process. Lime fruits were immersed in the coating emulsion and then surface dried, cooled, and evaluated after storage for different times at selected temperatures (10–25 °C). Quality characteristics evaluated include physical (texture and color), chemical (ascorbic acid, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids), and physiological (respiration rate) properties. Results revealed that with the passage of time, the fruits showed progressive increase in shriveling or wilting and loss in green color, and higher temperatures accelerated these changes. The respiration rate in control samples reached 79, 35, and 7 mL CO2/(kg·h) after 7 days at 25 °C and 22 days at 15 and 10 °C, respectively, while those of coated samples were limited to 40, 32, and 1.06 mL CO2/(kg·h) after 11, 25, and 32 days at the same storage temperatures. Control fruits suffered 6%, 10%, and 24% weight loss following 8 days of storage at 10, 15, and 20 °C, respectively, while the losses in coated fruits were lower (2%, 4%, and 17%, respectively). A zero-order model was found appropriate for weight loss, along with a color a value and ΔE, while a first-order model was found to be better for firmness, brix to acidity ratio, ascorbic acid, and b and L values (R2 &gt; 0.9). The Arrhenius model was suitable for temperature sensitivity of the rate constants.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rational choice theory and moral action

In his article ‘The Case for a Multiple Utility Function’ (Economics and Philosophy, 2, 159–83), Etzioni took the view that moral acts are qualitatively different from acts aimed at the satisfaction of desires. He introduced moral preferences and argued that these cannot be traded off against non-moral preferences and that, therefore, the quest for want-satisfaction and the sense of moral obligation are best kept apart. Acceptance of this view would lead to the practice of multiple utility functions. My aim is to show that the idea of a moral preference is only feasible as a meta-preference, and that the art of meta-ranking is practised when ranking incomparable preferences.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Legal Liability of Subsidiaries For Unlawful Actions Committed By The Parent Company (Holding Company) In The Structure of A Limited Liability Company

The group structure of a company consisting of a holding company and a subsidiary company is often used in the business world to expand business activities and manage business risks. In the Indonesian legal system, each limited liability company has the status of an independent legal entity, which means that the legal responsibility of one entity is not necessarily imposed on another entity. However, problems arise when the parent company commits unlawful acts and causes losses, especially if the subsidiary is considered to be involved or a means of implementing the action. This study aims to analyze the extent to which subsidiaries can be held legally liable for unlawful actions committed by the parent company in the limited liability company structure. The method used is normative juridical with relevant legislative approaches, legal doctrines, and case studies. The results of the study show that although the principle of separate legal entities is still recognized, the court can pierce the corporate veil if evidence is found of the dominance of the parent company over the subsidiary as a whole, as well as the involvement of the subsidiary in the unlawful act. Thus, under certain conditions, the subsidiary can be held legally liable if it is proven to have a substantial close relationship with the parent company in the implementation of unlawful actions. These findings reinforce the importance of a strict separation of responsibilities in the corporate group structure, in order to ensure legal certainty and protection for aggrieved third parties.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Does Intrawound Application of Vancomycin Influence Bone Healing in Spinal Surgery?

Introduction Surgical site infections represent a major complication of spinal surgery. The application of lyophilized vancomycin into the wound is reported to significantly decrease infection rates. As concentrations applied locally can exceed the minimal bacterial inhibitory concentration for more than a 1000-fold, toxic side effects on local tissue may be possible. Materials and Methods Primary osteoblast cell cultures were generated from bone tissue samples of 10 patients. Samples were incubated in absence or presence of 3, 6, or 12 mg/cm 2 vancomycin according to a planned phase I clinical trial protocol. Changes in pH, osteoblast migration, proliferation, and viability were analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase and mineralization patterns were studied. Results The application of more than 3 mg/cm 2 vancomycin induced a decline of pH toward the acidic range. The migration potential of osteoblasts was decreased from 100% (control samples) to zero (12 mg/cm 2 vancomycin) in a dose-dependent manner. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited at dosages above 3 mg/cm 2 . Significant cell death was observed if the dosage applied exceeded 6 mg/cm 2 . The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase was markedly reduced in all dosages applied and calcium deposition was significantly decreased in dosages above 3 mg/cm 2 . Conclusion As bone remodeling requires the immigration, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts at the fusion site, high dosages of intrawound vancomycin might interfere with regenerative processes and increase the risk of nonunion. To allow an appropriate balance of infection risk and the risk of nonunion, the minimal local concentration required should be determined by controlled in vivo studies.

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Data from A Bispecific Enediyne-Energized Fusion Protein Containing Ligand-Based and Antibody-Based Oligopeptides against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Shows Potent Antitumor Activity

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The cooverexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) observed in many human tumors and their synergistic interaction in the transformation of cells make these receptors important targets for the development of new targeted therapeutics. Targeting of EGFR and HER2 simultaneously has been pursued as a strategy with which to potentially increase efficiency and selectivity in therapy of certain cancers. This study was set to construct a bispecific energized fusion protein (Ec-LDP-Hr-AE) consisting of two oligopeptides against EGFR and HER2, and lidamycin, and investigate its antitumor efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; experiments measured the binding and internalization of bispecific Ec-LDP-Hr fusion protein. The potency of energized fusion proteins was also done in which the bispecific Ec-LDP-Hr-AE was compared with lidamycin (LDM) and its monospecific counterparts, Ec-LDP-AE and LDP-Hr-AE. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, Ec-LDP-Hr-AE was given i.v. to nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma SK-OV-3 xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Binding and internalization studies showed that bispecific fusion protein Ec-LDP-Hr bound to carcinoma cells specifically and then were internalized into the cytoplasm. Bispecific Ec-LDP-Hr-AE was more potent and selective in its cytotoxicity against different carcinoma cell lines than corresponding momospecific agents and LDM &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. In addition, Ec-LDP-Hr-AE significantly inhibited the growth of SK-OV-3 xenografts in nude mouse model. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; imaging study showed that FITC-labeled Ec-LDP-Hr was targeted and accumulated in the tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A ligand-based and an antibody-based oligopeptide fused to the enediyne antibiotic LDM created a new bispecific fusion protein with low molecular weight and more potent &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity (than momospecific fusion proteins). Clin Cancer Res; 16(7); 2085–94. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: 14-3-3 protein interactions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Letters to the editor [comet elements, asteroid and occultation observations]

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Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analytical Framework

This chapter establishes four evaluative themes that will be employed across this volume to analyze the institutional complexity of policy fields in the climate-energy nexus: coherence, management, legitimacy, and effectiveness. Coherence among institutions is conceptualized along four dimensions: convergence on an overarching core norm for the policy field, balanced coverage and distribution of memberships (private, public, hybrid), balanced coverage and distribution of governance functions (standards and commitments, operational activities, information and networking, financing), and mechanisms underlying cross-institutional relations (cognitive, normative, behavioural). Management will be examined according to types of managing agents, political levels (from domestic to global), and the consequences of management efforts in enhancing coherence. Legitimacy will be assessed along nine dimensions, among them expertise, transparency, accountability, or procedural and distributive fairness. Effectiveness, finally, will be examined in terms of normative and legal output produced by the institutions, their behaviour-changing outcome, and their ultimate problem-solving impact. Altogether, the four themes and their dimensions make up a novel framework for an in-depth analysis of a governance nexus. They help us examine a variety of important questions in a comparative research design, combining a high level of ambition with feasibility and novelty.

Topic: Regulation and Compliance Studies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Leadership in the Church for a People of Hope

1. A changing church in a changing world? 2 Growing the People of God in a post-Christian context: the Augustinian option developed. 3 Leadership, ecclesiology and mission - foundational roles and models of Church. 4 A Model of Foundational roles: All in it together 5 Power, Authority and Conflict 6 Change and continuity: finding new forms of fidelity to the founding vision. 7 Maintenance versus mission or what persuaded the Israelites? 8 Our time: God, others and myself. 9 Church as a learning community 10 Resurrection-Servant Leadership Conclusion.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
eEvidence: supplying evidence to the patient interaction.

Nursing demands that all care offered to patients is appropriately assessed, delivered and evaluated; the care offered must be up to date and supported by adequately researched published evidence. A basic logic suggests that information and communications technology can help the nurse in maintaining his/her care provision to the highest level through presenting relevant evidence. The nursing need for evidence to support the delivery of care is a global phenomenon. Within the project this is demonstrated by the fact that the project lead is resident in England and the project is being carried out in Singapore with the help of the National University Hospital, the Alice Lee Centre of Nursing Studies and the School of Computing at the National University of Singapore. The project commenced in January 2008, this paper will present the background thinking to the project design and will describe the outcomes which will provide nurses with individual supportive evidence for their practice gleaned from quality assured sources. The project will use information and communications technology to provide the evidence on an individual basis. The paper will outline the four key elements of the project, these being the development of user (professional) profiles; the design and development of an automatic crawler search engine to deliver quality assured evidence sources and software design; there will be some mention of hardware design and maintenance which is the fourth key element. Within the paper, consideration will be given to the added value of the project to the nurses, their patients/clients, the research agenda and the employing organisation: The drive for information is determined by the nurses in clinical and community practice. Evidence available immediately at the point of intervention with patient/client. No patient information stored within structure. All technology and almost all support software already available. Additional information can flow both ways for quality and activity audits. Identification of areas weak in evidence requiring supportive research will be driven by practice. Immediate dissemination of new generic practices and principles can be delivered to each nurse on syncopation, removing the requirements for paper updates etc. Process can be transferred across all healthcare clinical professions In conclusion, information will be given on progress to date in terms of technical applicability and user acceptance by the nursing staff. In addition, an insight will be given as to managing a multiprofessional, multi-organisational project from a distance.

Topic: Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation
Subfield: Issues, ethics and legal aspects
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Bilateral pneumothorax after bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy in fibrosarcoma.

Bevacizumab-containing therapies can improve outcomes in patients with sarcoma. Bevacizumab had several notable adverse effects including bowel perforation but bilateral pneumothorax had never been reported in the available English literature. We reported a 23-year-old male with poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma who had spontaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) after the third cycle of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy. His bilateral pneumothorax resolved after closed drainage of pleural cavity with a small caliber catheter. The mechanism of pneumothorax developed after bevacizumab therapy was not clear. In patients who had chest discomfort after bevacizumab-containing therapy, pneumothorax should never be overlooked as one of the differential diagnoses.

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Humanistic activities and teacher motivation

This article describes five activities that are humanistic techniques in that they take into account the interests and personalities of the students and deal with the 'here-and-now'. Good news for the teacher: they are rewarding not only for the student, but for the teacher too. After all, a happier teacher makes a better learning situation and thus more efficient learners.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Comment on ‘The Measurement of Prices of Production’ by Peter Flaschel, Reiner Franke &amp; Roberto Veneziani

After giving a summary of the Cambridge debate, the comment criticizes the proposal by Flaschel, Franke and Veneziani to base the classical approach on systems of production with unequal rates of profit both theoretically and on empirical grounds: The classical gravitation of market prices towards normal prices is hard to defend, if there are persistent differentials of profit rates, but the profit rate differentials in the paper are not even stable. The comment further defends the idea of representing states of knowledge about technology by means of input-ouput tables against objections regarding the transferability of methods between countries and discusses alternative approaches to the treatment of fixed capital. It is shown that the data used by the authors for capital stocks are not supported by the data of the German Statistical Office. I agree with the authors in the most essential point, however: Contrary to the position taken e.g. by Joan Robinson, we all believe that the problems of capital theory raised in the Cambridge debate must be analyzed not only in abstract theory but also at the applied level. We all were surprised to find that empirical wage curves tend to be close to straight lines so that double intersections of such wage curves, hence reswitching and reverse capital deepening, must be rare. This phenomenon needs to be explained; a possible explanation can be derived from the random nature of the input-output matrices, and, so far, no other explanation has been proposed.

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical signs, treatment, and prognostic factors for dogs with histoplasmosis

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a large sample of dogs, compare outcomes achieved with fluconazole versus itraconazole, and identify variables available at the time of diagnosis with prognostic value. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 79 dogs with confirmed histoplasmosis evaluated at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1999 through 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and data extracted regarding clinical signs at evaluation, physical examination findings, clinical laboratory values, other diagnostic test results, treatments, and outcomes. Data were compared between antifungal agents used (fluconazole or itraconazole) and between other variables. RESULTS Various breeds were represented. Working and herding breeds had mostly disseminated histoplasmosis, and toy breeds had mostly the gastrointestinal form. The diagnosis was often achieved with noninvasive techniques, such as cytologic evaluation of rectal scrape samples (n = 24) or blood films (15). Clinical remission was achieved in 16 of 25 (64%) dogs receiving fluconazole and 17 of 24 (71%) dogs receiving itraconazole. No differences were identified between antifungal agents in survival, clinical remission, or disease relapse rates. Identified negative prognostic factors included Great Pyrenees breed, dyspnea, need for oxygen supplementation, icterus, palpable abdominal organomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and hyperbilirubinemia, whereas diarrhea was a positive prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that histoplasmosis should be considered in a sick dog of any breed in an endemic area. Clinical signs may be nonspecific. Diagnosis may often be possible with noninvasive and inexpensive tests. Either fluconazole or itraconazole may be an effective treatment option.

Topic: Fungal Infections and Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Strange Bids: Bidding Behaviour in the United Kingdom's Third Generation Spectrum Auction

This article studies bidding behaviour in the auction of radio spectrum for third generation mobile telephone services which took place in the UK in the Spring of 2000. We show that several companies' bidding behaviour deviates strongly from straightforward bidding with private values. In particular some companies' evaluation of the added advantage of having a large licence rather than a small licence seemed to change dramatically during the auction. No compelling explanation of this phenomenon seems available at this stage. We conclude that it is less well understood than previously believed how spectrum auctions work.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Spatial correlogram between codewords: an effective representation for image classification

This paper presents a new representation for image classification based on spatial correlogram approach. Spatial correlogram captures spatial co-occurrences of pairwise codewords. This representation augments traditional bag-of-features model by adding spatial information into it and compresses the information contained in a correlogram without loss of discriminative power. For the purpose of increasing classification accuracy, we combine the correlogram with spatial pyramid. In a number of image classification experiments, we find that, the proposed method reaches good performance and high accuracy.

Topic: Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences