jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perception Is Not Always and Everywhere Inferential

This paper argues that it is possible to embrace the predictive processing framework (PP) without reducing affordances to inferential perception. The cognitivist account of PP contends that it can capture relational perception, such as affordances. The rationale for this claim is that over time, sensory data becomes highly-weighted. This paper, however, will show the inconsistency of this claim in the face of the cognitivist premise that 'encapsulated' models can throw away 'the body, the world, or other people' [Hohwy 2016 Hohwy, J. 2016. The Self-Evidencing Brain, Noûs, 50/2: 259–85.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]: 265]. It is then showed how it is possible to embrace a non-cognitivist reading of PP—one that does not need to reduce affordances to representational content.

Topic: Embodied and Extended Cognition
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A true programmable HPF hybrid three-phase rectifier

In this paper is proposed and analyzed a digital hysteresis modulation using a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device and VHDL (Hardware Description Language), applied at a hybrid three-phase rectifier with almost unitary input power factor, composed by parallel SEPIC controlled single-phase rectifiers connected to each leg of a standard 6-pulses uncontrolled diode rectifier. The digital control allows a programmable THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) at the input currents, and it makes possible that the power rating of the switching-mode converters, connected in parallel, can be a small fraction of the total average output power, in order to obtain a compact converter, reduced input current THD and almost unitary input power factor. The proposed digital control, using a FPGA device and VHDL, offers an important flexibility for the associated control technique, in order to obtain a programmable PFC (Power Factor Correction) hybrid three-phase rectifier, in agreement with the international standards (IEC, and IEEE), which impose limits for the THD of the AC (Alternate Current) line input currents. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified through experimental results from an implemented prototype. ©2008 IEEE.

Topic: Multilevel Inverters and Converters
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Simulation Analysis of Seismic Performance of UHV High-Resistance Loops Connected by Hard Tubular Busbars

In order to study the impact of hard tubular busbars on the seismic performance of interconnected electrical equipment, a finite element model of UHV loop composed of arresters and mutual inductors was established to conduct the numerical simulation analysis. The connecting hardware fittings of hard tubular busbars can slide in two directions. The friction energy dissipation analysis model of the sliding hardware fittings was obtained by the test. The impact of energy dissipation of sliding hardware fittings and sliding displacement on the seismic performance of equipment was analyzed in the numerical simulation. The seismic response law of the interconnected equipment connected by hard tubular busbars was obtained to provide the reference for the seismic design of the electrical equipment loops in the substations.

Topic: Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mobility of fullerene ions in liquid cyclohexane and n-pentane

Positive and negative C/sub 60//C/sub 70/ ions were produced in liquid cyclohexane and n-pentane by charge transfer from radiation-induced positive ions and by electron attachment. Their drift mobility was measured and compared to Stokes-formula predictions. Preirradiation of the solution leads to the formation of larger fullerenes, the ions of which exhibit smaller drift mobilities.

Topic: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Triplet-state detection of labeled proteins using fluorescence recovery spectroscopy

The experimental procedures for detecting the triplet states of chromophores in solutions (cuvettes) by fluorescence recovery spectroscopy (FRS) are described in detail, together with applications in studies of protein structure and protein-cell interactions in the microsecond to millisecond time domain. The experimental configuration has been characterized by measuring the emission intensities and anisotropies of eosin and erythrosin immobilized in poly(methyl methacrylate). The fluorescence data are compared with those from phosphorescence emission measurements and with theoretical predictions. Triplet-state lifetimes were obtained in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, of concanavalin A labeled with eosin, tetramethylrhodamine, and fluorescein and of alpha 2-macroglobulin labeled with the first two probes. In the case of labeled concanavalin A, iodide quenching measurements gave bimolecular rate constants of approximately 10(9) M-1 s-1. The usefulness of FRS for studying protein-cell interactions is exemplified with eosin-labeled concanavalin A bound to living A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the technique are compared to those of the alternative phosphorescence emission method.

Topic: Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin tritiated in the 2,6-positions of tyrosine

[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Enkephalin (DADLE) labelled with tritium in the 2,6-positions of N-terminus tyrosine residue has been prepared. Synthesis of the precursor peptide, [2,6-dibromo-Tyr1]DADLE, was performed by solid phase synthesis using Fmoc strategy. The peptide was tritiated catalytically to yield [2,6-3H-Tyr1]DADLE with a specific radioactivity of 1.61 TBq/mmol. The distribution of the tritium was investigated by HPLC with radioisotope detection following hydrolysis with aminopeptidase M, and confirmed that the label was entirely located at the tyrosine residue.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How Morphology Shapes Survival in Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Background and Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) represents a significant proportion of human malignancies affecting various anatomical sites, including the lung. Understanding the prognostic factors is crucial for establishing effective risk stratification in these patients, as multiple critical aspects significantly impact overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 99 patients with operable lung SQCC treated at a tertiary center. The exclusion criteria included patients under 18, those with in situ or metastatic SQCC, and those who received neoadjuvant therapy. The surgical specimens were re-analyzed, and data were collected on multiple variables, including pTNM staging, tumor characteristics, and overall survival (OS). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to identify significant prognostic factors. Results: The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a median survival of 36 months with a 65.65% mortality rate. Significant factors influencing survival included keratinization, histological grading, tumor size and stage, pleural invasion, tumor cell arrangement, tumor budding, spread through air space (STAS), and mitotic index. A multiple Cox regression highlighted the nonkeratinizing tumors, advanced pT stages, single-cell invasion, and high mitotic index as key predictors of poorer outcomes. The nonkeratinizing tumors showed higher mortality and shorter median survival rates compared to keratinizing tumors. The tumor staging, cell arrangement, and tumor budding significantly impacted the survival curves. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of detailed histopathological evaluations in lung SQCC. The nonkeratinizing tumors, advanced pT stage, single-cell invasion, and high mitotic index were associated with higher hazard rates, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive grading system incorporating these factors to improve prognostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies.

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Properties of the Estrogen-Induced Peroxidase in Rat Uterine Fluid1

Uterine fluid was collected from estrogen-primed rats which had each previously been subjected to an operation to close the cervical junction of the uterus. Starting from the uterine fluid, uterine fluid peroxidase was purified by carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The purity of the enzyme preparation, as estimated by microelectrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, was found to be 70-95%. Absorption spectra of the peroxidase and its derivatives resembled those of lactoperoxidase. The pyridine hemochromogen spectrum of the enzyme was also very similar to that of lactoperoxidase. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 90,000, being similar to that of lactoperoxidase (78,000). Uterine fluid peroxidase has, however, distinctly different properties from lactoperoxidase, for example, in substrate specificity, pH optimum, inhibition by excess hydrogen peroxide, and isoelectric point.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FERRAMENTAS E ASPECTOS PRÁTICOS DA TV DIGITAL TÉCNICA PROJECTOS / TOOLS AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TV TECHNICAL PROJECTS

A TV aberta é um importante ator de comunicação na sociedade contemporânea com alguns padrões de sucesso, entre eles o Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital Terrestre (SBTVD-T). Este artigo discute aspectos relacionados à construção de um projeto técnico para obtenção de outorgas para o serviço de televisão e seus serviços ancilares no Brasil. Apresentamos algumas ferramentas de livre acesso que podem ser utilizadas para realizar tal atividade. Por fim, um estudo de caso apresenta a construção do projeto técnico da TV Universitária, uma emissora de TV da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Como principal resultado, pretendeu-se preencher a lacuna de material técnico relacionado ao uso de ferramentas abertas e bases de dados governamentais para a construção de projetos técnicos de TV digital no Brasil.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data and R Code for "Exploring climate-related gut microbiome variation in bumble bees: An experimental and observational perspective"

Rising temperatures negatively affect bumble bee fitness directly through physiological impacts and indirectly by disrupting mutualistic interactions between bees and other organisms, which are crucial in determining species-specific responses to climate change. Gut microbial symbionts, key regulators of host nutrition and health, may be the Achilles’ heel of thermal responses in insects. They not only modulate biotic interactions with plants and pathogens but, also exhibit varying thermal sensitivity themselves. Understanding how environmental changes disrupt microbiome communities is a crucial first step to determine potential consequences for host population responses. We analyzed gut bacterial communities of six bumble bee species inhabiting different climatic niches along an elevational gradient in the German Alps using 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing. We first investigated whether inter- and intraspecific differences in gut bacterial communities can be linked to species' elevational niches, which differ in temperature, flower resource composition and likely pathogen pressure. A reciprocal translocation experiment between distinct climatic regions tested how the gut bacterial communities of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> and <i>Bombus lucorum</i> change short-term when exposed to new environments. Finally, we exposed these species to heat and cold wave scenarios within climate chambers to disentangle pure temperature-driven effects on the microbiome from other environmental effects. Interspecific variation in microbiome composition exceeded intraspecific variation. Species exhibit varying levels of gut microbiome stability, where stability is defined as the within-group variance: lower stability, indicated by greater within-group variance, is predominantly observed in species inhabiting higher elevations. Transplanted species showed subtle short-term gut microbiome adjustments, marked by an increase in Lactobacillaceae upon exposure to warmer regions; however, the gut microbiomes of these bumble bees did not change under laboratory temperature scenarios. We conclude that marked differences in the gut microbiomes of bumble bees could lead to species-specific responses to environmental change. For example, less stable microbiomes in bumble bees inhabiting higher elevations might indicate an increased sensitivity to pathogens. Short-term microbiome changes following translocation indicate that species with relatively stable microbiomes, such as <i>B. lucorum </i>and <i>B. terrestris</i>, can rapidly integrate new bacteria, which could increase their capacity to cope with new environments under climate change.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gregory’s Emerging Theory of Desire

Having already established that <italic>erōs,</italic> for Gregory, needs to be redirected from material beauties to the true prototypical beauty of God, chapter 3 provides a more detailed analysis of key concepts in Gregory’s theory of desire: passion, moderation, the criterion of “need” in the ascetic life, and the disjunction between satiety and fulfillment. The aim of the chapter is to provide answers to two basic questions: What does the fundamental reorientation of erotic desire toward God mean for other (ostensibly nonsexual) desires? And how do we assess whether a bodily desire is legitimate or whether, on the contrary, it is excessive and thus to be avoided at all costs? The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the moral evocations of “male” and “female” characteristics.

Topic: Theology and Philosophy of Evil
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mental Integrity, Neurotechnology, and the Extended Mind Thesis

We ordinarily think of the mind as private, “inside,” and accessible only to the person whose mind it is, and that the integrity of the mind is threatened by “outside” intervention. The prospect that neurotechnologies could be developed that are able to “read” our brains and directly manipulate our thoughts and feelings is, therefore, alarming to many. Implicit behind this sense of alarm is the view that, unlike other types of manipulation and persuasion that depend for their success on rational autonomy, direct interventions into the brain uniquely undermine this autonomy. According to the Extended Mind Thesis (EMT), there is no necessary reason why mental states and processes must be realized by internal neural states. External artifacts can constitute part of a coupled cognitive system if these artifacts play the same functional role as internal states and processes. Interventions into these artifacts could, therefore, be considered direct interventions into the mind. If we alarmed by the threat to mental integrity posed by neurotechnology, then it is likely that we will be aghast at the idea that the mind can extend beyond the brain. For intuitively, extending the mind beyond the brain makes the mind more vulnerable to invasion. This paper argues that this fear may be misplaced. Specifically, the paper argues: (i) the most relevant processes to mental integrity are conscious, personal-level processes, (ii) the types of processes that can be extended according to the most influential account of EMT are unconscious, non-occurrent, and subpersonal processes, therefore (iii) the threat posed to mental integrity by neurotechnology if EMT is adopted may be quite modest.

Topic: Embodied and Extended Cognition
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
FIGURES 1–4 in New species of Nepalomyia from China (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

FIGURES 1–4. Nepalomyia xui sp. nov. Male. 1. Basal portion of wing; 2. 3rd antennal segment and arista, lateral view; 3. genitalia, lateral view; 4. hypandrium and apex of aedeagus, ventral view. A—aedeagus; C—cercus; H—hypandrium; LT—lateral tubercle; SDL—surstylus dorsal lobe; SML—surstylus middle lobe; SVL —surstylus ventral lobe; V—ventral.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sources of Onboard Fumes and Smoke Reported by U.S. Airlines

This paper describes the relative frequency of reports of oil and hydraulic fluid fumes in the ventilation supply air (“fume events”) compared to other types of fumes and smoke reported by U.S. airlines over 10 years. The author reviewed and categorized 12,417 fume/smoke reports submitted to the aviation regulator to comply with the primary maintenance reporting regulation (14 CFR § 121.703) from 2002–2011. The most commonly documented category of onboard fumes/smoke was electrical (37%). Combining the categories of “bleed-sourced”, “oil”, and “hydraulic fluid” created the second most prevalent category (26%). The remaining sources of onboard fumes/smoke are also reported. To put the data in context, the fume event reporting regulations are described, along with examples of ways in which certain events are underreported. These data were reported by U.S. airlines, but aviation regulations are harmonized globally, so the data likely also reflect onboard sources of fumes and smoke reported in other countries with equivalent aviation systems. The data provide insight into the relative frequency of the types of reported fumes and smoke on aircraft, which should drive design, operational, and maintenance actions to mitigate onboard exposure. The data also provide insight into how to improve current fume event reporting rules.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Territorial Peace Five Years After the Peace Agreement in Colombia: An Analysis of the Discourse of the Former FARC-EP

The following paper examines the notion of territorial peace associated with the Peace Agreement signed in 2016 between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP. More specifically, the political discourse of the FARC-EP is analyzed through nine in-depth interviews with prominent members of the organization, who, in addition, have held or hold positions of political relevance in the formation heir to the armed group – today the political party known as Comunes. The relevance, contradictions, tensions and problems that have accompanied the difficult process of implementation of the Agreement in Colombia will be addressed. The responses given by interviewees reveal a common narrative regarding the failures of the Iván Duque government’s commitment and implementation but differ on the scope and significance of the dissident groups or the role that the Comunes party should play in defending the Peace Agreement. Additionally, the territorial dimension emergesas an underlying aspect that requires special attention in all the testimonies. El siguiente artículo examina la noción de paz territorial asociada al Acuerdo de Paz firmado en 2016 entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP. Más concretamente, se analiza el discurso político de las FARC-EP a través de nueve entrevistas en profundidad a destacados miembros de la organización, quienes, además, han ocupado o ocupan cargos de relevancia política en la formación heredera del grupo armado -hoy el partido político conocido como Comunes. Se abordará la relevancia, contradicciones, tensiones y problemas que han acompañado el difícil proceso de implementación del Acuerdo en Colombia. Las respuestas dadas por los entrevistados revelan una narrativa común sobre los fracasos del compromiso y la implementación del gobierno de Iván Duque, pero difieren sobre el alcance y la importancia de los grupos disidentes o el papel que debería desempeñar el partido Comunes en la defensa del Acuerdo de Paz. Además, la dimensión territorial emerge como un aspecto subyacente que requiere especial atención en todos los testimonios.

Topic: International Relations in Latin America
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Construction of Reporter Phage T4::<i>Nluc</i> and Its Application in the Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Urinary Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli . We constructed a reporter phage T4:: Nluc to achieve rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Escherichia coli in UTIs. Methods T4:: Nluc was constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with homologous recombination and was confirmed through Sanger sequencing. The biological properties of T4 and T4:: Nluc were compared. Time‐luminescence curves were detected to investigate the limit of detection (LOD) and the influence of urine. Additionally, the specificity of T4:: Nluc was examined by co‐culturing it with other pathogens. In total, 104 urinary Escherichia coli isolates were collected to assess detection coverage. Finally, 698 urine samples were collected for clinical validation. Results T4:: Nluc was confirmed to be correct. The one‐step growth curves of T4 and T4:: Nluc were similar, but the optimal multiplicity of infection for T4 was 1, and that for T4:: Nluc was 0.1, indicating that genetic modification had some effect. The LOD was 10 4 colony‐forming unit/mL detected at 220 min. Urine did not affect detection and T4:: Nluc did not cross‐react with other pathogens. T4:: Nluc could detect 38.46% of clinical strains, demonstrating higher sensitivity than the double‐layer overlay assay (25.96%). In clinical urine samples, its detection sensitivity was 36.59%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusion T4:: Nluc was successfully constructed and could detect Escherichia coli with superior sensitivity and specificity compared with traditional diagnostics, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for UTIs while significantly reducing the detection time. This presented a novel approach for rapid and accurate detection of E . coli in UTIs.

Topic: Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Improved interpolation, motion estimation, and compensation for interlaced pictures&lt;/title&gt;

This paper deals with the problem of motion estimation and compensation with sub-pixel accuracy when interlaced moving sequences are processed. Provided a translational motion exists between consecutive frames (or that the image can be partitioned into sets of points with such a motion) the exact formulas for the prediction of pixels are derived. It is shown that in order to obtain a correct prediction of any pixel in one frame, it is required to use the information of both fields of the previous frame. The ideal interpolation filters are of infinite length. Therefore, the question of designing finite length filters is addressed and alternative design methods are proposed. The efficiency of the method is then measured on typical sequences.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences