jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Figure 28 from: Saarela JM, Sokoloff PC, Gillespie LJ, Bull RD, Bennett BA, Ponomarenko S (2020) Vascular plants of Victoria Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada): a specimen-based study of an Arctic flora. PhytoKeys 141: 1-330. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.141.48810

Figure 28 APoa abbreviata subsp. abbreviata habit (left) and inflorescence (right), Gillespie et al. 9865BPoa arctica subsp. arctica inflorescence (left) and habit (right) CPoa glauca subsp. glauca habit, Gillespie et al. 10079DPoa hartzii subsp. hartzii habit, Gillespie et al. 10078EPuccinellia arctica inflorescence, Gillespie et al. 9660FPuccinellia arctica habitat, Gillespie et al. 9660. Photos A, E, F by J.M. Saarela B by B.A. Bennett and C, D by L.J. Gillespie.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Mitomycin A and Its Analogues.

Abstract The 7‐hydroxy‐mitosane (Ia) is O‐alkylated with the triazenes (II) to produce the mitomycin A (Ib) or its analogues (Ic).

Topic: Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
[Prevention of familial tumor diseases using genetic counseling and early diagnosis].

Several types of familial cancer can be prevented from progressing into an advanced stage through genetic counselling and regular medical control of persons at risk. Measures of secondary cancer prevention and their efficacy are described for retinoblastoma, MEN2 syndrome, familial colorectal carcinoma with (FAP) or without (HNPCC) pre-existing polyposis coli, dysplastic naevi syndrome, basal cell naevi syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The prevention of malignancies is promising primarily for the familial forms, since persons at risk are motivated to employ preventive measures, especially if they can be identified through DNA diagnosis and counselled with concrete information. The establishment of familial cancer registries should be considered which improve the continuous medical care for all family members, even in the case of a change of the family physician or a loss of contact.

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Digital Literacy Practices of Newly Arrived Syrian Refugees: a Spatio-Visual Linguistic Ethnography

This doctoral research project is a visual linguistic ethnography that provides thick descriptions of newly arrived Syrian refugees’ smartphone-mediated digital literacy practices. The study investigates how three male newcomers to Leeds, Rojan, Aban and Mamoud, utilize mobile technologies and online resources, such as multilingual Facebook groups and smartphone applications, to instigate and support processes of settlement and belonging. To trace and interpret these quotidian mobile practices, prolonged and consistent engagement with my participants and their lifeworlds was required.&#13;\nThus, data collection concerning this ethnography took place over an in-depth ten-month period at various data collection sites. The multimodal and spatio-visual literacy practices that my key participants engaged with on their mobile devices were inherently diverse and complex to interpret. Here, the analytical lenses of capital and space have informed conceptualizations of how my participants’ digital literacy repertories within distinct mobile contexts relate to and interplay with settlement processes, such as obtaining a UK driving license or finding paid work in the formal and informal economy.&#13;\nThe dataset of this research project provides in-depth descriptions of how newly arrived refugees integrate smartphones into their everyday lives. Here, the findings of this study offer crucial insights into the interconnections between mobile technologies and settlement processes within this context of forced migration; the data analyses show how smartphones become key spatial instruments, which have the potential to impact and capitalize on the immediate physical spaces that my participants find themselves in and traverse through during their settlement trajectory, either by creating and joining translocal hybrid spaces, or by penetrating and transforming existing spaces.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reply : Association of TASS with ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery

In our recently published report of 8 cases of TASS associated with ointment in the anterior chamber, we highlighted the risks possibly associated with the combination of unsutured clear corneal incisions, ointment, and eye patches. We believe the association of the first 2 factors was the most significant in these cases; the role of the firm eye patch used by the surgeon was unclear. Grosser states that after sutureless clear corneal cataract surgery in an adequately pressurized eye, a patch might create a more stable wound by holding the lid closed. We hypothesize that the presence of the eye patch could enhance the contact of the ointment with the anterior corneal surface by keeping the eyelid closed, increasing the risk for ointment penetration into the anterior chamber in case of hypotony. In a retrospective clinical study, Shingleton et al.1 report that 20.5% of the patients evaluated had an IOP below 5 mm Hg 30 minutes postoperatively. All the patients in the same study had a self-sealing clear corneal wound that was tested to be watertight, and an attempt had been made to leave the IOP at an arbitrary level of 10 mm Hg by tactile measurement at the completion of the procedure. However, tactile IOP measurements can be inconsistent, and the IOP could have been lower than 10 mm Hg. The time between completion of surgery and IOP measurement may not have been long enough to allow the aqueous formation and IOP to normalize. Based on this mechanism, it is unclear that an eye patch would have made any difference in terms of the hypotony observed. We also have to consider that a corneal incision that is hydrated at the end of the procedure may dehydrate relatively fast, compromising its self-sealing characteristics. Grosser also states that patching may speed re-epithelialization of the wound and help wound edges adhere. To our knowledge, no systematic study to evaluate this has been done. The available literature relates to the management of corneal abrasions with patching, showing no acceleration of re-epithelialization and no alteration in the epithelial wound healing pattern.2 In a study involving 44 patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, Honda et al.3 found higher aqueous flare levels in the patched group. They hypothesize that this was because of the lack of cooling. Cooling facilitates aqueous flow, which helps disperse and remove proteins in the anterior chamber. It is also possible that the extended lid closure that occurs with an eye patch causes anterior chamber hypoxia, which influences the flare level. For these reasons, we still do not recommend tight patching of the eye following cataract surgery, especially in association with ointment and a clear corneal wound.

Topic: Intraocular Surgery and Lenses
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
407 Mechanical properties of nodular graphite cast iron by neutron diffraction

As the microstructure has great effect on the mechanical properties of nodular graphite cast iron, mechanical properties of two kinds of nodular graphite cast iron with different microstructures were studied by in situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation with a time of flight method. It showed that in a cast iron consisting of pearlite and ferrite, the soft phase ferrite was a main factor influencing the yield point, and the hard phase pearlite was a reason of higher work hardening. There was also work hardening in a cast iron with high ferrite fraction, which came from the different stress distribution between hard grain (200) and soft grain (110). However, the work hardening from grain strain was smaller than that caused by phase strain.

Topic: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physicochemical properties of KF-NaF-AlF3 molten electrolytes

Conductivity of molten mixtures KF-NaF-AlF3 is measured in the whole concentration range of the [NaF]/([KF] + [NaF]) ratio at the cryolite ratio CR = 1.3 and 1.5 in the temperature range from 800°C to liquidus temperature. Replacement of K+ cations by Na+ ones results in a considerable conductivity increase. Alumina solubility rises with temperature and cryolite ratio ([KF] + [NaF])/[AlF3] in the KF-NaF-AlF3 system, and decreases with sodium fluoride content. Regression equations obtained allow calculating alumina solubility and electrical conductivity in the KF-NaF-AlF3 system in the CR range from 1.3 to 3.0 depending on the concentration of the components and temperature.

Topic: Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
It's Time We Started Paying Attention to Community College Students

While over a third of American college students are enrolled in community colleges, there is surprisingly little research on these institutions to inform our views of the role they play—or can play—in the world of higher education. Turning our attention to these long-ignored but widely attended institutions may mean challenging some common assumptions about what students can and should get out of postsecondary education.

Topic: Higher Education Research Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Pain in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Classification, and Clinical Approach

Pain is a frequent yet underrecognized symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although routine clinical neurological examination generally does not reveal any abnormality of sensation in persons with PD, objective abnormalities of proprioceptive function and sensorimotor integration have been demonstrated with sophisticated testing. Painful symptoms pose a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. For diagnostic purposes, it is helpful to classify painful or unpleasant sensory symptoms into one or more of the following five categories: musculoskeletal pain, radicular or neuropathic pain, dystonia-related pain, akathitic discomfort, or primary, central parkinsonian pain. The identification of parkinsonian pain is vitally important for the effective diagnosis and treatment of pain in PD.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Brassica oleracea L. subsp. capitata (L.) DC. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. capitata (L.) Duch. ex Lam., BRA 712

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Brassica oleracea L. subsp. capitata (L.) DC. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. capitata (L.) Duch. ex Lam. Accession number: BRA 712 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1973 Origin country: Unknown Biological status: Unknown MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT. SD:ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 1--1975

The current study examined 27 statewide and regional sub- sets of motor vehicle crash data in order to assess the impact of SD:ASAP. A general linear model analysis of variance was utilized to assess drift, change in level and change in drift. Series' were inspected for auto- correlation and seasonally adjusted as necessary. Reported alcohol related fatal and injury accidents increased in drift during the same period. Possible decrease in level of the series due to the change in speed limit was controlled delete for statistically. comparison of fatal and injury accidents with the non-ASAP states of North Dakota and Wyoming was also carried out with a general linear model analysis of variance. There was a significantly greater decrease in drift for South Dakota injury accidents than for control states during the same time period. BAC data obtained from roadside surveys during the SD; ASAP operational period did not indicate a decrease in BAC levels for the second half of the operational period as compared to the first half. Mean BACs of individuals arrested for DWI during the baseline period and operational period (0.212 vs. 0.193) were significantly different. Because of a number of confounding factors (improved police sensitivity, change in presumptive level of intoxication, etc.), BAC data was considered generally unreliable and not sensitive to project effect. Comparisons of crash involved drivers who had been drinking with crash involved sober drivers for the years 1972-1974 indicated that they differed with respect to age and sex and also the time of day and day of week of the accident. Comparison of fatal, injury, and property damage crash driver groups between baseline and operational years of SD:ASAP indicated a greater proportion of fatal accidents were reported as alcohol related during the operational period. Cost analysis of SD:ASAP indicated a substantial saving to society affected by the implementation of the project.

Topic: Traffic and Road Safety
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Major Translation Methods Used in Legal Documents: Translation of a Marriage Contract from Arabic into English

Throughout history, the use of translation methods has constituted a source of lots of debates; some scholars advocate literal translation, others advocate free translation. In legal translation which is a special and specialized area of translational activity, and where documents are characterized by brevity, economy, and neatness to prevent fraud, additions, omissions or alterations in the text, mistakes or mistranslations can lead to disastrous repercussions. The present study deals primarily with the methods that translators of legal texts follow and adopt when rendering a legal document. A concise account of translation theories that have been adopted and are still being applied to legal translation is offered to attempt to show the main views towards the application of such translation theories to legal translation. Major methods often used in the translation of legal documents are then presented, discussing their validity to legal translation. This presentation includes literal translation, free translation, the functional approach to translation, transliteration & transcription, loan translation, adaptation, description by definitions, lexical expansion, and descriptive substitution. The empirical part of this study is concerned with the analysis of a marriage contract translated from Arabic into English in an attempt to shed some light on the major methods adopted by the translator of this document and the reason behind using such methods.

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sublime and extended reality experiences to enhance emotional wellbeing for autistic people: A state of the art review and narrative synthesis

Background: Sublime is a centuries old concept of emergent experience arising from immense and threatening awareness provoked by overwhelming fear and dread when faced with an incomprehensible situation as is common to autistic people. Extended Reality (XR) technologies have been used since the mid-1990s, in regulating emotions, behaviour and supporting social skill development for autistic people. Aims: To understand utility of XR technologies in creating immersive experiences for autistic people to alleviate anxiety and the relationship to the sublime. Method: A State of the Art literature review and narrative synthesis was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science were searched with terms Autism AND Technology. In addition, fields of digital technologies and wellbeing, digital art and mental health, generative arts and the sublime were explored through web searches of grey literature, conversations with digital designers and explorations of extended reality platforms. No time limits were placed. Searches were done in English. Papers were screened and shortlisted using the inclusion criteria applied by two reviewers. Results: Fifty-eight papers/articles met the preliminary inclusion criteria for in-depth review of which 31 were found suitable for the narrative synthesis related to XR technologies and sublime experiences as related to autistic people. Narrative synthesis lent itself to four themes that is current utility of XR Technologies in autism, the impact of immersive experiences on Behavioural, phenomenological and biological markers of autistic people, the Benefits of increased sensory stimulation using XR on autism and an inquiry into the potential of the sublime for autism. Conclusions: Mixed reality environments that experiment with a broad range of XR technologies including incorporating notions of the sublime, might be beneficial in reducing emotional dysregulation and improving social development in autistic people especially if co-designed with them.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Public School Security as a Policy Response to Columbine

After the shootings at Columbine High School, many public schools increased their visible security measures, such as use of security cameras and guards. This study assesses this policy response. Particular attention is given to the fear that prompted changes in school security, the types of visible security measures adopted by schools after Columbine, and the positive and negative consequences of these measures. Synthesizing the relevant literature highlights the lack of evaluative work regarding the effectiveness of school security and how little is known about the impact of security measures on students’ civil liberty and privacy interests. Gaining a better understanding of school security can help officials make more informed decisions in response to rare, but highly publicized, violent crimes such as Columbine.

Topic: Education Discipline and Inequality
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Glycosidic Precursors of Varietal Grape and Wine Flavor

The chemical composition and possible biogenetic relationships amongst the norisoprenoid volatiles from hydrolysates of Chardonnay grape precursor fractions are presented along with the sensory contribution that hydrolyzed precursors of Chardonnay and Semillon can make to wines of those varieties. Quantitative descriptive methods were used for the sensory analyses and these showed that attributes such as grassy, tea, lime and honey can be derived from the precursors. The norisoprenoid volatiles found in the precursor hydrolysates can be rationalized as coming from lutein, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin via 3-hydroxy-α-ionone, 3-hydroxy-β-ionone, 5,6-epoxy-3- hydroxymegastigm-7-en-9-one, and 3,5-dihydroxymegastigma-6,7-dien-9-one.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of Performance of Different Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Varieties

The study was conducted to assess three varieties (CARI, PES and WB) of Japanese quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) during the growing and laying periods. In this trail, 360 quails consisting of three varieties each 120 quails were distributed in three treatments with six replicates each consist of 20 chicks. The diets were prepared iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The performance and egg production parameters were studied from 0 to 22 weeks of age. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) found on body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio among varieties from 0 to 6 weeks. The age at first egg was found to be early in the CARI variety 43days. The peak egg production level (79.83±0.64%) during fourth laying cycle in the PES at the age of 18–22 weeks followed by CARI (71.62±0.62%) and WB (49.28±0.43%). The results of the present study indicated that, the three varieties performance and production were significantly there was no difference.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend on performance, and in vitro fecal noxious gas emissions in growing pigs fed in-feed antibiotic-free diets

This study evaluated the efficacy of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend (MCOFA) in growing pigs. Ninety six pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 47.71 ± 3.73 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were allotted to diets containing 0 or 2 g kg −1 of MCOFA, and 0 or 2.5 g kg −1 of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had improved growth efficiency compared with those fed a diet without MCOFA (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs receiving the diets supplemented with both AGP and MCOFA had higher apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, fat, and gross energy (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed AGP × MCOFA diet had increased serum urea nitrogen (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed diets supplemented with AGP had reduced fecal ammonia (NH 3 ) gas emissions compared with those fed without AGP (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had reduced fecal NH 3 and acetic acid gas emissions compared with those fed without MCOFA (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MCOFA improved performance in growing pigs.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison the Effect of Adding Waterly Extract of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa ), Chamomile and Fenugreek with Drinking Water on Productive Performance for Broiler

Abstract The present study was conducted to compare the effect of adding waterly extract of black seeds(Nigella Sativa ), chamomile and fenugreek seeds individually with drinking water on the productive performance of broilers, the addition started from the age of 8 days. It used 180 unsexed chicks from the Ross 308 strain and randomly distributed the chicks to 4 treatments. The Control treatment where drinking water was provided to the birds free of any addition.T1-Treatment of addition of watery extract of Nigella Sativa with bird drinking water T2-Treatment of adding watery extract of chamomile with bird drinking water. T3-Treatment of adding watery extract of fenugreek with bird drinking . The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant improvement in the rate of final live body weight, the rate of weight gain and feed consumed for T1 and T2 treatments . There were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion ratio, there was no mortality of chicks during duration of the experiment.

Topic: Nigella sativa pharmacological applications
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences