jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suicide, Mental Disorders, and the US Military

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Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A 16-Week Open-Label, Multicenter Pilot Study Assessing Insulin Pump Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled with Multiple Daily Injections

Background: We assessed the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were suboptimally controlled with a multiple daily injection (MDI) regimen. Methods: In this subanalysis of a 16-week multicenter study, 21 insulin-pump-naïve patients [age 57 ± 13 years, hemoglobin A1c (A1C) 8.4 ± 1.0%, body weight 98 ± 20 kg, total daily insulin dose 99 ± 65 U, mean ± standard deviation] treated at baseline with MDI therapy with or without oral antidiabetic agents discontinued all diabetes medications except metformin and initiated insulin pump therapy. Insulin was titrated to achieve the best possible glycemic control with the simplest possible dosing regimen. Outcome measures included A1C, fasting and postprandial glucose, body weight, incidence of hypoglycemia, and PROs. Results: Glycemic control improved significantly after 16 weeks: A1C 7.3 ± 1.0% (−1.1 ± 1.2%, p &lt; .001), fasting glucose 133 ± 33mg/dl (−32 ± 74 mg/dl, p &lt; .005), and postprandial glucose 153 ± 35 mg/dl (−38 ± 46 mg/dl, p &lt; .001). At week 16, the mean daily basal, bolus, and total insulin doses were 66 ± 36, 56 ± 40, and 122 ± 72 U (1.2 U/kg), respectively, and 90% of patients were treated with two or fewer daily basal rates. Body weight increased by 2.8 ± 2.6 kg ( p &lt; .001). Mild hypoglycemia was experienced by 81% of patients at least once during the course of the study with no episodes of severe hypoglycemia. There were significant improvements in PRO measures. Conclusions: Insulin pump therapy using a relatively simple dosing regimen safely improved glucose control and PROs in patients with T2DM who were unable to achieve glycemic targets with MDI therapy. Controlled trials are needed to further assess the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of insulin pumps in this patient population.

Topic: Diabetes Treatment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Learning performance and GABAergic pathway link to deformed wing virus in the mushroom bodies of naturally infected honey bees

ABSTRACT Viral infections can be detrimental to the foraging ability of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most common honey bee virus and has been proposed as a possible cause of learning and memory impairment. However, evidence for this phenomenon so far has come from artificially infected bees, while less is known about the implications of natural infections with the virus. Using the proboscis extension reflex (PER), we uncovered no significant association between a simple associative learning task and natural DWV load. However, when assessed through a reversal associative learning assay, bees with higher DWV load performed better in the reversal learning phase. DWV is able to replicate in the honey bee mushroom bodies, where the GABAergic signalling pathway has an antagonistic effect on associative learning but is crucial for reversal learning. Hence, we assessed the pattern of expression of several GABA-related genes in bees with different learning responses. Intriguingly, mushroom body expression of selected genes was positively correlated with DWV load, but only for bees with good reversal learning performance. We hypothesise that DWV might improve olfactory learning performance by enhancing the GABAergic inhibition of responses to unrewarded stimuli, which is consistent with the behavioural patterns that we observed. However, at higher disease burdens, which might be induced by an artificial infection or by a severe, natural Varroa infestation, this DWV-associated increase in GABA signalling could impair associative learning as previously reported by other studies.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of orientations on<i>in situ</i>tensile deformation and fracture behaviours of nickel-base single-crystal superalloys

After systematically investigating in situ tensile deformation and fracture behaviours of nickel-base single-crystal superalloys with four different orientations, their slip and fracture modes in relation to the orientations are obtained and shown as follows. In [0 0 1] oriented specimen, four slip systems were activated and the crack initiated along the interactive location between the third slip bands (SBs) and deformation bands in priority. The crack propagation involves all three crack opening types of I, II and III. [0 1 1] oriented specimens exhibited obvious low strain hardening rate and high ductility, which can be attributed to the balance between the softening caused by the propagation of SBs and the latent hardening caused by the propagation of deformation bands. Except for case, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of the other oriented superalloys at room temperature is approximate, which is due to non-Schmid behaviour in superalloys. Lall–Chin–Pope model is used to explain the orientation dependence of CRSS. Furthermore, the fracture modes of different oriented specimens depend on the intensity of intrusion and extrusion and the degree of match between normal stress and shear stress. The shear stress is beneficial to the crack initiation and the normal stress contributes to the crack propagation.

Topic: High Temperature Alloys and Creep
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reactions and Interventions for Delusions in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia

This is a qualitative and quantitative study examining institutional staff members’ reactions to delusions experienced by nursing home residents. Participants were 38 nursing home residents aged 65 and older, diagnosed with dementia. Data were collected from 8 nursing homes in Israel between June 2007 and January 2009. Assessments included Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Nursing Home version, Etiological Assessment of Psychotic Symptoms In Dementia, Activities of Daily Living, and Mini-Mental State Examination. A wide variety of interventions with dementia-related symptoms was found to be effective to varying degrees. This included general approaches for a variety of symptoms as well as symptom-specific interventions. Caregivers do not always seem to be aware that multiple approaches are available to them when dealing with dementia. The most effective approaches may be those tailored to the individual. Combining interventions may increase overall effectiveness. Caregiver’s experience and the institutional culture may affect the choice of intervention used, either positively or negatively.

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of reading comprehension from middle childhood to adolescence

The study considers the impact of cognitive development and discourse-based factors on the ability to understand different types of written texts from middle childhood across adolescence. Reading comprehension was examined by responses to four types of questions — literal, inferential, integrative, and metatextual — based on narrative and expository texts assigned to monolingual Hebrew speakers at four age-schooling levels (4th, 7th, 11th graders, and adults). Distributional analyses revealed higher scores on comprehension of narrative compared with expository texts in the two younger groups, with comprehension continuing to improve in both genres up to 11th grade and responses of high-school students close to those of the adult participants. Qualitative evaluations of responses to the different types of questions revealed progression from a superficial grasp of basic information to in-depth interpretation of the text as a whole, with more advanced reading comprehension manifested by the ability to combine an integrative approach to text comprehension with attention to specific details and to process information from diverse points of view.

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
How Does Entrepreneurial Networking Improve the Sustainability of Women-led Micro Enterprises?

Women-led microenterprises contribute to economic development through job creation, extend resources to rural communities, reduce poverty, and improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about how women entrepreneurs in contexts stricken by institutional, cultural, and religious constraints grow microenterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how women entrepreneurs in developing countries improve the sustainability of microenterprises. We ground our study in social capital theory to test the partial mediating role of entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization in the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and sustainability of microenterprises. Based on a sample of 581 women-led microenterprises in Uganda, we test our model using ordinary partial least squares regression through SmartPLS version 3.3.3. The results support our theorizing that entrepreneurial networking has a positive and significant effect on sustainability of microenterprise performance and that the relationship is partially mediated by entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization. Our findings provide evidence that financial and nonfinancial resources available through women entrepreneur’s networks improve the sustainability of microenterprises which in turn enhance family wellbeing and economic development. We extend application of social capital theory among women-led microenterprises and offer insight to policymakers when making decisions directed towards growth and survival of microenterprises.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CHOmine: an integrated data warehouse for CHO systems biology and modeling

This FAIRsharing record describes: CHOmine integrates many types of data for Cricetulus griseus, and CHO cells. You can run flexible queries, export results and analyse lists of data.

Topic: Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Estimating camera parameters from motion vectors of digital video

In the development of a method of estimating the global camera motion from encoded video, we propose a robust estimation based on an outlier rejection scheme. The extended Kalman filter and the Levenberg-Marquardt method are implemented for the estimation. Both implementations show promising results, but from a computational aspect, the LM method is more efficient than the extended Kalman filter in our implementation.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Physicochemical and texture properties of nanocrystalline ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>spinel and effect of<i>γ</i>-irradiation on its sintering process

Hydrozincite and spherocobaltite phases were obtained by coprecipitation of a mixture of zinc and cobalt nitrates using NaHCO3 at 60°C and pH=8. The solid precursor obtained was calcined in air at 400–800°C. The precursor and ZnCo2O4 were also exposed to γ-ray doses of 0·4, 0·8 and 1·6 MGy. A nanostructuredd ZnCo2O4 spinel was obtained after calcination. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the cubic ZnCo2O4 phase was thermally stable in the temperature range 400–800°C. The grain size of the ZnCo2O4 phase was found to increase with increasing calcination temperature and γ-ray dose. X-ray diffraction results and SEM confirmed that γ-irradiation has a marked effect on grain growth. Total surface area S BET of the solid precursor was found to increase with increasing γ-ray dose owing to the creation of new pores. A marked decrease in S BET was observed after calcining at 400–800°C or after exposure to γ-rays. The decrease in S BET can be explained in terms of increasing crystallite size.

Topic: Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The estimation of highest hourly volumes

In designing a new traffic facility or in redesigning an existing facility a problem of great importance is the determination of the design hour volume. Current practice is to equate the design hour volume with the 30th highest hourly volume the determination of which required all 8760 hourly volumes throughout the year. In this paper various design hour volumes are considered with special attention given to the estimation of highest hourly volumes from a sample of about 1000 hourly volumes. The problems of obtaining such a sample and of estimating the accuracy of the results found from it are examined (A).

Topic: BIM and Construction Integration
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

There is moderate quality evidence for the efficacy of hydrocortisone for the prevention of PTSD development in adults. We found no evidence to support the efficacy of propranolol, escitalopram, temazepam and gabapentin in preventing PTSD onset. The findings, however, are based on a few small studies with multiple limitations. Further research is necessary in order to determine the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in preventing PTSD and to identify potential moderators of treatment effect.

Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Real Noise Elimination Method for CMOS Image Sensor Based on Three-Channel Convolution Neural Network

In the imaging process of CMOS image sensors, several kinds of noise will be introduced into the image. Most image denoising algorithms are developed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). But the noise in the real image does not completely conform to a Gaussian distribution. The noise in the real image is complex and difficult to be modeled analysis. In this paper, a three-channel convolution neural network (TC-CNN) denoising method for real RGB image is proposed. The TC-CNN denoising method separates the real image to three images of each RGB channel. The convolution neural network is used for denoising each channel image. A new loss function and a new network architecture are proposed, this work makes the convolution neural network more suitable for denoising work. Experiment on real image datasets shows that the TC-CNN denoising method has better denoising result than the common denoising method.

Topic: Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rurality or distance to care and the risk of homelessness among Afghanistan and Iraq veterans

Purpose Several risk factors have been identified in ongoing efforts by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to mitigate high rates of homelessness among veterans. To date, no studies have examined the relationship of rurality and distance to nearest VA facility to risk of homelessness. Due to challenges in accessing available services, the hypothesis was that rural-residing veterans are at greater risk for homelessness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The cohort consisted of veterans who had separated from the military between 2001 and 2011. The authors used a forwarding address provided by the service member at the time of separation from the military to determine rurality of residence and distance to care. The authors examined differences in the rate of homelessness within a year of a veteran’s first encounter with the VA following last military separation based on rurality and distance to the nearest VA facility using multivariable log-binomial regressions. Findings In the cohort of 708,318 veterans, 84.3 percent were determined to have a forwarding address in urban areas, 60.4 and 88.7 percent lived within 40 miles of the nearest VA medical center (VAMC), respectively. Veterans living in a rural area (RR=0.763; 95 percent CI=0.718-0.810) and those living between 20 and 40 miles (RR=0.893; 95 percent CI=0.846-0.943) and 40+ miles away from the nearest VAMC (RR=0.928; 95 percent CI=0.879-0.979) were at a lower risk for homelessness. Originality/value The unique data set allowed the authors to explore the relationship between geography and homelessness. These results are important to VA and national policy makers in understanding the risk factors for homelessness among veterans and planning interventions.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Challenges and Opportunities to Updating Prescribing Information for Longstanding Oncology Drugs

Abstract A number of important drugs used to treat cancer—many of which serve as the backbone of modern chemotherapy regimens—have outdated prescribing information in their drug labeling. The Food and Drug Administration is undertaking a pilot project to develop a process and criteria for updating prescribing information for longstanding oncology drugs, based on the breadth of knowledge the cancer community has accumulated with the use of these drugs over time. This article highlights a number of considerations for labeling updates, including selecting priorities for updating; data sources and evidentiary criteria; as well as the risks, challenges, and opportunities for iterative review to ensure prescribing information for oncology drugs remains relevant to current clinical practice.

Topic: Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of nickel powder particle size on the microstructure and thermophysical properties of spark plasma sintered NiCrCoAlTiW-Ta superalloy

Abstract The spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) was used to consolidate admixed elemental powder in order to fabricate NiCrCoAlTiW-Ta superalloy. Nickel which is the key element that formed the matrix powder particle size was varied in the range of 3-44, 45-106 and 106-150 μm. The effect of varying the starting powder particle size, on the formation of intermetallic phases was investigated. Also, important thermophysical properties in the development of superalloys for high temperature applications were investigated by using laser flash machine, in the range of 100-800 °C. The constituents of the microstructure for the sintered alloy includes, the gamma (γ) matrix phase (Ni), precipitated intermetallic gamma prime (γ’) phase Ni3(Al, Ti) and the precipitated solid solution strengthening elements (Cr and W). There was an increase in the density with decreasing powder particle size. Also, the averave grain size increased with increasing powder particle size. The thermophysical properties obtained, which include thermal conductivity and diffusivity increase with increasing temperature. Non-linear behaviour and inflection points were observed as the temperature increases due to short range order and disorder phenomenon which is associated with superalloys. The powder particle size has little or no significant effect of the thermophysical behaviour as the pattern observed were almost the same.

Topic: Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effects of College in Prison and Policy Implications

:Despite the policy relevance of college-in-prison, the existing research on these programs has important flaws, failing to address selection and self-selection bias. We address an important policy question: what are the effects of college-in-prison program? To do this, we provide the largest study published to-date of a single college-in-prison program. We analyze the effects of the Bard Prison Initiative (BPI) in New York, a liberal arts program that has offered college courses to incarcerated students since 2001. By leveraging the BPI admissions process, we employ a design-based approach to infer the causal effect of participation in BPI. We find a large and significant reduction in recidivism rates. This reduction is consistent across racial groupings. Moreover, people with higher levels of participation recidivate at even lower rates. In light of these findings, we provide policy recommendations that support college-in-prison programs.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Feasibility Study of Operation Volume Design Concept for Integration of Aircraft Flying Under Visual Flight Rules Based on Actual Flights

Segregation through operation volumes can enable safe and efficient low altitude airspace usage by various aircraft types, both manned and unmanned. Current traditional aircraft flying under visual flight rules (VFR) are not required to adhere to a strict flight plan and share their flight intentions, but their integration in high-density environment will require better strategic trajectory prediction. This article proposes VFR trajectory modeling based on mission type and typical flight characteristics. The idea is illustrated with a reconnaissance mission mimicking landmark (highway) tracking to check for postdisaster damages. Results from a flight campaign with an experimental helicopter conducted in 2020 verify the assumptions posed at trajectory modeling and identify the degree of uncertainties necessary to determine the buffers around each trajectory and therefore design operation volumes. The same mission-based trajectory modeling and operation volume design approach can be applied to further missions and vehicles, which makes it transferable to the needs of advanced air mobility as well, especially addressing dense operations.

Topic: Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences