jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the treatment sequence from second-line to third-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

In clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer, progressive disease after second-line therapy is often defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. In the clinic, however, disease progression can be identified through a composite of factors, including new lesions, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and symptoms such as pain and fatigue. It is optimal to switch to third-line treatment before the patient's performance status deteriorates. In the third-line setting, regorafenib and trifluridine tipiracil are approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who are refractory to standard chemotherapy. Both of these treatments are associated with prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival in heavily pretreated patients. Data suggest that a chemotherapy break may be beneficial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Some data suggest that treatments beyond the third-line setting might also improve outcome.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clergy trained for war

Journal Article Clergy trained for war Get access Leopold A. Vidler Leopold A. Vidler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 191, Issue 12, 14 December 1946, Page 263, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/191.12.263e Published: 14 December 1946

Topic: Religious Tourism and Spaces
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of condensed tannin on in vitro ruminal fermentation

Condensed tannins (CT) in plants are phenolic
compounds with relatively high binding affinities for proteins. In
ruminants, dietary CT limit DM intake and digestibility, and
ruminal protein degradation by forming CT-protein complexes.
Effects of dietary CT, animal species, prior dietary CT exposure,
and antimicrobial inclusion on 48-h rate and extent of digestion
were measured in two in vitro experiments. Cattle, sheep, and goats
(n = 3 / species) were used in a 2-period, randomized
complete-block experiment with a 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 factorial
arrangement of treatments. Factor 1 was substrate: tannin-free or
high-CT. Factor 2 was source of ruminal fluid inoculum: cattle,
sheep, or goat. Factor 3 was prior animal exposure to a high-CT
diet: non-exposed or exposed. Factor 4 was inclusion of
antimicrobials: no antimicrobial, penicillin + streptomycin to
suppress bacterial activity, or cycloheximide to suppress fungal
activity in the fermentation. Tannin-free or high-CT substrates
were incubated in vitro using ruminal fluid from animals either not
exposed (period 1) or exposed to dietary CT (period 2). Periods
consisted of an adaptation to tannin-free (10 d) or high-CT diets
(21 d) and a 15-d period of ruminal-fluid collection via stomach
tube. The presence of CT or penicillin + streptomycin in in vitro
fermentation reduced (P < 0.001) total gas pressure, DM
disappearance, and total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate,
valerate, and branched-chain VFA concentrations. We concluded that:
1) CT had negative effects on fermentation, 2) prior exposure to
dietary CT attenuated some but not all negative effects, and 3) CT
effects were similar to the effects of penicillin +
streptomycin.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Camphor‐Derived Alcohols as Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Pauson‐ Khand Bicyclizations. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐ Methoxyenones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY REDIVERSION OF THE URINARY TRACT. A STUDY BASED UPON 72 CASES AMONG 840 PELVIC EXENTERATIONS FOR ADVANCED CANCER

Among 840 patients who received pelvic exenterations which entail total diversion of the urinary tract, a second or even third urinary tract rediversion was deemed necessary to preserve life-sustaining urinary tract function in 72. In those who lived more than five years after pelvic exenteration for advanced cancer, the most frequent cause of death was uremia or urinary tract sepsis. Once urinary diversion is done, constant surveillance is obligatory for evidence of progressing urinary tract deterioration. Rediversion is indicated under certain conditions as a life-saving measure in spite of its substantial risks. The variables in each case preclude the elaboration of hard and fast rules and the patient's management must be highly individualized. Among 58 patients in whom rediversion was done five or more years ago, 24 survived at least five years. Among 14 patients so operated upon within the past five years, three are living. All of the patients originally had advanced cancer.

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Wave attenuation over salt marsh vegetation

Salt marshes are transitional areas between soil and water. Until recently these areas were usually diked and drained in order to create new agricultural land, but nowadays fortunately more awareness exists about the importance of these inter tidal areas as nature reserves and as natural coastal protections. Although awareness on the coastal protection value of salt marshes has increased in recent years, it is still uncertain how and to what extent waves are reduced by these vegetated intertidal areas. In order to get more insight into the wave damping skills of salt marsh vegetation, it was decided to make SWAN suitable for modelling situations with vegetated foreshores. The numerical description of the effect of vegetation on waves that was used, is based on representing the vegetation by vertical, ridged cylinders and was derived by Dalrymple et al.(1984). The physical vegetation properties that are considered in this formulation are the relative vegetation height, vegetation diameter and density, and the drag coefficient. The calibration parameter in the Dalrymple et al.(1984) formulation, which is of significant importance for determining the wave dissipation due to vegetation, is the drag coefficient (Cd). By varying the drag coefficient different types of vegetation (both stiff and flexible) can be modelled. The value of the drag coefficient is dependent on the Reynolds number and on the shape and orientation of the object. A more severe study of the drag coefficient, first for a single cylinder in flow, subsequently for a multi cylinder array, gave insight in the relation with both wave and vegetation characteristics. A number of processes that are not accounted for in the Dalrymple formulation are also discounted in the drag coefficient. The model was made suitable to model homogeneous, horizontally varying (zoned vegetation) and vertically varying (f.i. Mangroves) vegetation fields. As a final validation the model was applied on field measurement results from the Paulina Marsh in the Westerschelde. In this case all parameters were known except for the drag coefficient, which was calibrated. The results were satisfactory, the value for the drag coefficient ranged between 0.5 and 3.0 and the relation with the vegetation height was as expected. The implementation of vegetation in SWAN was found successful for all types of vegetation. However, due to the dependency of the drag coefficient on wave and vegetation characteristics, the model can only be applied on specific situations where wave and vegetation measurements have been taken. In order to make the model generally applicable, more research needs to be done on the dependency of the drag coefficient on wave and vegetation characteristics. When more is known about these relations, a first prediction can be made on the value of the drag coefficient in a specific situation. This can be accomplished by doing more physical modelling tests and by taking wave measurements over vegetated foreshores.

Topic: Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ecto-nucleotide triphosphatase activity in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba: protection from the cytotoxic effects of extracellular ATP.

The nucleotide triphosphatase (NTPase) activity of Entamoeba species and of Entamoeba histolytica strains, was compared. In all cases, with the exception of Entamoeba moshkovskii, the enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and not by Mg2+ and preferentially hydrolysed UTP with decreasing activity for ATP and GTP. The NTPase activity was associated with both the intracellular and the plasma membrane sulphonylbenzoyl-adenosine (FSBA) of trophozoites in which the ATP-site was facing externally, as shown by fluoroinhibition of NTPase activity and protection by the substrate added prior to FSBA. The highest surface activity was found in Entamoeba invadens and in the virulent E. histolytica HM1-A clone (HM1-IMSS passaged thrice through hamster liver). Significant lower activity was observed in non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. The addition of ATP to cultures of pathogenic amoebae resulted in cell growth inhibition and lysis. This deleterious effect of adding ATP to the cultures was reversed by the addition of Ca2+. ATP hydrolysis by the amoeba may alter extracellular ATP-dependent processes in the host, which may be important for the survival of the amoeba in vivo.

Topic: Amoebic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Risk factors related to traumatic spinal cord injury outcomes: An analysis of the US National Trauma Data Bank

Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) are associated with high morbidity rates that can affect motor, sensory, and autonomic function. SCIs commonly result from sports, motor vehicle accidents, and other blunt traumas. To determine risk factors for in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, and increased length of stay (LOS) following TSCI. Data from the United States (US) National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2017 to 2021 was collected and used to assess risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality, complications, and hospital length of stay. Univariable analysis was completed on the 2017–2018 data. Variable importance was calculated, and a logistic regression was performed using the most important variables. Internal and external validation was completed using a testing cohort and 2020–2021 data. Spinal fusion was associated with decreased mortality but increased complications and LOS. Increased age and injury severity score was associated with increased mortality, complications, and LOS, while the emergency department Glasgow Coma Score was inversely related to all outcomes. Each model had moderate to high prediction ability based on internal area under the curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.757 to 0.899 and external AUCs between 0.744 and 0.884. Understanding the factors that contribute to poorer outcomes following TSCI can help inform physicians of best treatment practices and patient prognosis. We highlighted five risk factors that correlate with short-term patient outcomes. Future research will further explore how treatment can impact both short – and long-term outcomes.

Topic: Spinal Cord Injury Research
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Precipitate Agent in Co-Precipitation Synthesis Y&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Al&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; and Y&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; Powders

The YAG and YIG powders have been prepared by co-precipitation technique in which NH 4 HCO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 is used as a precipitant and Y(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O, Al (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and Fe (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O as raw materials. The composition, the phase formation process and the properties of the YAG and YIG powders were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS. The results indicated that the precipitant effects the preparation of pure-phase powders. The resultant YAG and YIG powders showed good dispersity and excellent sinterability using AHC as precipitant.

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Breaking the glass ceiling: opportunity for the organization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to decipher the benefits of breaking the glass ceiling in the organization, providing strategies to overcome it, and discussing the benefits availed by the organization in bringing more participation from women in middle and senior level management. Design/methodology/approach – This paper critically analyses the literature on women’s contribution to the organization’s success, their barriers to their advancement to corporate hierarchy, and breaking the glass ceiling, supported by appropriate theories. Findings – Gender diversity initiatives are perquisite for an organization ' s success and performance because presence of more women in the organization increases firm’s productivity. It is because more participation of female employees offers organizations a wide range of resources, ideas, skills, and energy to the business, providing a competitive edge against the competitors. Research limitations/implications – With understanding the benefits of gender diversity initiatives, an organization will emphasize more on the development of female employees personally and professionally. This, in turn, will help organizations in terms of productivity. Originality/value – Originality and value with understanding the benefits of gender diversity initiatives in an organization can focus more on growth and development aspects of female employees by breaking the glass ceiling and recognizing their competencies, qualifications, and achievement. This will lead to more participation of women in every echelon of management, resulting in firm performance.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Biomechanical Characteristics and Regression Relationship of Lower Extremity Joints by Increased Landing Height during Landing

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic characteristics and regression relationship of the lower extremity joints when the landing height increased during landing.BR Method: In order to analyze landing motion at 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm landing height, 10 healthy male college students were selected as subjects and analyzed by 3-D cinematography procedure. As the landing height increased, the peak value and the impulse of the vertical ground reaction force increased significantly but did not increase strongly and linearly.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the peak angular and the peak angular velocity of the joints increased significantly in knee and hip joints. In particular, the peak angular velocity of the knee and hip joints showed the strongest regression in relation to the increase of the landing height. 2) The peak negative power and the peak negative work of the joints showed a tendency to increase as the landing height increased, but did not show a strong regression relationship. )3 Analysis of the percentage of negative work of the joints showed that the proportion of the ankle and hip joint increased with the increase of the landing height, but the proportion of the knee joint decreased.BR Conclusion: In summary, the increased angular velocity of the knee & hip joints and the increased role of the negative work in the ankle & hip joints are important characteristics to alleviate the impact force when the landing height increased.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Internalisation of Counterfeit Consumption Behaviour from the Lens of Self-Determination Theory

Phenomenology study on counterfeit goods purchase presents unique challenges due to the sensitive issue that requires consumers to disclose their consumption practices. To better understand consumers’ psychological motivation in this counterfeit phenomenon, capturing insight from consumers’ daily consumption experiences delivers further exploration in explaining the tremendous consumer demand. Based on a hermeneutic phenomenology study, this research attempted to examine an exhaustive and contextualised account of 12 consumers’ consumption experiences on purchasing counterfeit branded fashion goods through in-depth interviews. Utilising Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the data were analysed using thematic analysis, and six themes emerged from this study: materialism, conspicuous, social norms, competent consumers, social learning, and self-interest. It validated that the pursuit of extrinsic goals enables consumers to internalise counterfeit consumption, which contributes to consumers’ life happiness and hedonic well-being. The conclusions confirmed that the experiences involved in counterfeit consumption by the consumers were viewed as pleasure maximisation that fulfilled psychological needs and life goals pursuit. This paper contributes wisdom to scholarly, industry, and managerial research as the emerging themes depict the experiences captured by consumers continuously involved in counterfeit consumption practices.

Topic: Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A three-step synthesis of a glitoxin analogue with anti-reverse transcriptase activity

H. C. J. Ottenheijm, G. P. C. Kerkhoff, J. W. H. A. Bijen and T. F. Spande, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 768 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000768

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Cross-sectional study on tick-borne Rickettsiae infections among murine-like animals

Objective To investigate the status of tick- borne Rickettsiae infections among murine- like animals in different areas of Zhejiang province. Methods Liver and spleen samples of murine- like animals captured through night trapping method were collected from Anji,Jinhua and Tiantai County according to their geographic locations and historical detection of Rickettsiae. Nest- PCR tests were used to determine the presence of the 16S rRNA genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia,and the heat shock protein genes( groEL) of Rickettsiae( including typhus and spotted fever group) and Orientia in these samples. Results A total of 851 murine- like animals belonging to 14 species were captured. The predominant species were Rattus confucianus( 30. 32%),Apodemus agrarius( 18. 80%) and Thallomys paedulcus( 11.75%) and they were significantly different among three areas( P 0.05). 48 Rickettsia positive were found in 562tested samples with the positive rate of 8. 54%,among which the percentage of Anaplasma,typhus group Rickettsia,Orientia,Ehrlichia and spotted fever group Rickettsia were 3. 38%,1. 78%,1. 78%,1. 07% and 0. 53% respectively.The positive rates of Anaplasma in Jindong( 4. 76%) and Anji( 4. 27%) were significantly higher than that in Tiantai( P 0. 05) while the spotted fever group Rickettsia were found only in Tiantai County. Moreover,Rattus confucianus- the predominant species of Zhejiang Province- had the highest infection rate of tick- borne Rickettsiae up to 14. 97%. Co-infections with several Rickettsiae were existed among the same species. Conclusion Rickettsiae infections exist widely among different areas of Zhejiang province and the positive rates are significantly different among species.

Topic: Vector-borne infectious diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cutaneous Manifestations of the Reticuloendothelial Granulomas

<h3>The Cutaneous Manifestations of the Benign Inflammatory Reticuloses.</h3> By Samuel M. Bluefarb, BS, MD, FACP. Price, $14. Pp. 408, with many illustrations. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 321-327 E Lawrence Ave, Springfield, Ill, 1960. <h3>Leukemia Cutis.</h3> By Samuel M. Bluefarb, BS, MD, FACP. Price, $18.50. Pp. 489, with 170 illustrations. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 321-327 E Lawrence Ave, Springfield, Ill, 1960. Dermatologists interested in internal medicine and internists who find fascination in lesions of the skin or who may find them merely extraordinarily puzzling can all profit greatly from a careful study of these three books which Bluefarb has added to his already well-known contributions in the field of cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases. He has written particularly about rare diseases or those so uncommon that one would have to have an almost obsessive devotion to the problem to collect enough information to warrant sensible generalizations. With specialization tending to pull

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DOCUMENTED MEMORIES OF RICHARD MOKO'S LIFE AND CONTRIBUTION: A SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST HERITAGE REFLECTION

The celebration of leaders has not been in the centre stage of Seventh-day Adventist practice. There are several reasons for this: the fear of this getting out of hand, leading to the veneration of human leaders; the contested histories and memories of leaders; and a need to create a distance between the dead and the living. This article reflects on the documented memory of contribution of a Seventh-day Adventist South African pioneer, Richard Moko.

Topic: South African History and Culture
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Validation of source parameter extraction with the SAGE algorithm using noise free data

In this work, the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation with the Space Alternating Generalised Expectation maximisation (SAGE) Algorithm will be tested with simulated data. Not only the time delay (or the distance) and the angle will be estimated, but also the complex amplitude (or the power) of every significant path. The simulation set-up is based on a real indoor measurement set-up at the University of Kassel [1]. The measured bandwidth is 600 MHz at a carrier frequency of 1.8 GHz. Instead of using the measurement data, the configuration set-up will be modelled with the Enhanced Propagation for Indoor Communications Systems (EPICS) program, a ray-tracing tool available at our university, and results in the simulated data.

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Learning from examples in feedforward boolean networks

We examine the ability of a feedforward Boolean network to learn to implement the parity function of n input bits. It is shown, on the basis of exact enumerations, as well as theoretical analysis, that, in the absence of teaching, the probability of implementing correctly increasing lengths of the truth table has a staircase structure. This allows us to predict that, in the process of teaching the network, a sharp learning transition would take place at a fraction of teaching which goes to zero as n2 -n in the limit n→∞

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences