jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fertility Behaviors of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China

This study deals with the fertility behaviors of migrants in China. Based on fieldwork carried out in migrants' current community in Beijing and their home villages in Henan province, the study examined how culture and practices shaped in their home villages and urban influences bear on migrants' fertility behaviors. Findings from the study confirm the results of previous quantitative studies. Under current social conditions in China, it is unrealistic to expect any drastic changes in migrants' fertility patterns. The factors that brought down the fertility of urban residents, such as old-age pension and opportunities for social mobility, are not available to migrants. Overall, migration per se has no significant impact on migrants' fertility behaviors.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Species diversity of Calyptratae in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple of Henan province.

Objective To determine the population number and species diversity of Calyptratae flies in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple scenic spots of Henan province.Methods The biological diversity in the region was studied based on entomological classification principles using relevant approaches.Results A total of 23 species,14 genus,8 subfamilies and 5 families of Calyptratae flies were investigated in this region.The Calliphoridae were found to share the highest diversity.Ten species,6 genus,and 3 subfamilies of flies were investigated,and the species accounted for 43.48% of all captured species around the scenic spots.The diversity indices were obvious different between the results generated in August,September and October.The highest number of flies was present in September with however the lowest Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index and highest dominance index.No difference was found in the diversity indices between August and October.Conclusion The Calyptratae flies had relatively rich species diversity in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple scenic spots of Henan province.The results provided fundamental data for fly prevention and control in the region.

Topic: Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Early Period of Radio Navigation and Blind Landing System Development in the Soviet Civil Aviation

The article covers the period of the 1930s - 1950s and is devoted to the origin and development of automated navigation and landing systems for civilian aircraft. The reasons for the emergence of such systems, the principle of their operation, the results of tests and the ways of improvement are traced. The work is based on the documents of the General Directorate of Civil Aviation from the Russian State Archives of Economics.

Topic: Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Longitudinal measurements of Lewis and Clark

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roald K. Wangsness; Longitudinal measurements of Lewis and Clark. Am. J. Phys. 1 August 1987; 55 (8): 679. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.15051 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Topic: Scientific Research and Discoveries
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ViT-2SPN: Vision Transformer-based Dual-Stream Self-Supervised Pretraining Networks for Retinal OCT Classification

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality essential for diagnosing various eye diseases. Despite its clinical significance, developing OCT-based diagnostic tools faces challenges, such as limited public datasets, sparse annotations, and privacy concerns. Although deep learning has made progress in automating OCT analysis, these challenges remain unresolved. To address these limitations, we introduce the Vision Transformer-based Dual-Stream Self-Supervised Pretraining Network (ViT-2SPN), a novel framework designed to enhance feature extraction and improve diagnostic accuracy. ViT-2SPN employs a three-stage workflow: Supervised Pretraining, Self-Supervised Pretraining (SSP), and Supervised Fine-Tuning. The pretraining phase leverages the OCTMNIST dataset (97,477 unlabeled images across four disease classes) with data augmentation to create dual-augmented views. A Vision Transformer (ViT-Base) backbone extracts features, while a negative cosine similarity loss aligns feature representations. Pretraining is conducted over 50 epochs with a learning rate of 0.0001 and momentum of 0.999. Fine-tuning is performed on a stratified 5.129% subset of OCTMNIST using 10-fold cross-validation. ViT-2SPN achieves a mean AUC of 0.93, accuracy of 0.77, precision of 0.81, recall of 0.75, and an F1 score of 0.76, outperforming existing SSP-based methods.

Topic: Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The school psychologist in the face of the challenges of adolescence

in Częstochowa 3. Characteristics of the school environment Three levels of the psychologist's activity in the school system Each school is an individual network of interpersonal relations separated from its surroundings.Its links are individual people, each of whom is different and unique, but each has its place in an ordered network -in the social system.The system differs from a simple set as its elements are arranged in a specifi c way and the relations between them are not accidental.It is one thing to put pea seeds into a rattle, another -to put the same seeds on a string or throw them into a pot of soup.The whole -precisely as a whole -performs a function of "extracting" those aspects from its elements that are important for this very function.Pea seeds in a rattle are supposed to make a sound, no matter what their shape or nutritional value are.A teacher at school can teach and has knowledge of, for example, geography, and it does not matter whether he can catch fi sh or not.Being an element of a specifi c structure means that the properties of this element, which would be marginal outside its boundaries, are extracted and developed.Our geography teacher gains more and more professional experience, collects materials and trivia about his fi eld.He would not do that as a fi sherman.Similarly, if a ten-year-old Franek were not a school student, probably nothing would make him interested in spelling.School is an open system.This means that while maintaining its integrity, it communicates with its surroundings.The school's surroundings include the local environment with institutions that infl uence it (municipality, ministry) and society -generally present through the national language, customs, media coverage and everything that characterises culture in its specifi c place and time.The environment provides a background for events taking place in the system, and at the same time this system infl uences the colour of the background.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Late lessons from early warnings: towards precaution and realism in research and policy

This paper focuses on the evidentiary aspects of the precautionary principle. Three points are highlighted: (i) the difference between association and causation; (ii) how the strength of scientific evidence can be considered; and (iii) the reasons why regulatory regimes tend to err in the direction of false negatives rather than false positives. The point is made that because obtaining evidence of causation can take many decades of research, the precautionary principle can be invoked to justify action when evidence of causation is not available, but there is good scientific evidence of an association between exposures and impacts. It is argued that the appropriate level of proof is context dependent, as “appropriateness” is based on value judgements about the acceptability of the costs, about the distribution of the costs, and about the consequences of being wrong. A complementary approach to evaluating the strength of scientific evidence is to focus on the level of uncertainty. If decision makers are made aware of the limitations of the knowledge base, they can compensate by adopting measures aimed at providing early warnings of un-anticipated effects and mitigating their impacts. The point is made that it is often disregarded that the Bradford Hill criteria for evaluating evidence are asymmetrical, in that the applicability of a criterion increases the strength of evidence on the presence of an effect, but the inapplicability of a criterion does not increase the strength of evidence on the absence of an effect. The paper discusses the reason why there are so many examples of regulatory “false negatives” as opposed to “false positives”. Two main reasons are put forward: (i) the methodological bias within the health and environmental sciences; and (ii) the dominance within decision-making of short term economic and political interests. Sixteen features of methods and culture in the environmental and health sciences are presented. Of these, only three features tend to generate “false positives”. It is concluded that although the different features of scientific methods and culture produce robust science, they can lead to poor regulatory decisions on hazard prevention.

Topic: Risk Perception and Management
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Damage at end of tunnel, switch engine.

During this period, more than 2,500 students attended the Kansas State Agricultural College, of whom one-third were women. It was estimated that three-fourths of the students came from and returned to farms. Through 1890 there were 232 graduates of whom 73 were women. -- excerpt from Chapter 1

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A New Subject-based Document Retrieval from Digital Libraries Using Vector Space Model

&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Document retrieval from digital libraries based on user's query is highly affected by the terms appeared in the query.&lrm; In many cases, there are some documents in the digital libraries that do not share exactly the same terms with the query, but they are related to the user's need.&lrm; We address this challenge in this paper by introducing a new subject-based retrieval approach in which, apart from ranking documents based on the terms in the query, a new subject-based scoring scheme is defined between the query and a document.&lrm; We define this score by introducing a new vector space model in which a vectorized subject-based representation is defined for each document and its keywords, and the terms in the query, as well.&lrm; We have tested the new subject-based scoring scheme on a database of scientific papers obtained from Web of Science.&lrm; Our Experimental results show that in 83% of times users prefer the proposed scoring scheme with respect to the classic scoring ones.&lrm;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Level of Awareness about Knowledge, Belief and Practice of Brain based Learning of School Teachers in Greater Mumbai Region

The way teachers teach has been to a large extent based on psychological theories that affect human behavior. For instruction to be effective, it must be adjusted to reflect research-based practices regarding how students receive and process new information. Several studies show a direct connection between the biology of the human brain and teaching and learning (Madrazo & Motz, 2005). The knowledge about brain function and its effects on learning have the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning. Brain-based learning has resulted from educators and researchers applying the findings of brain research to guide teaching practice. This requires instructors to understand how the brain works and how to design instruction with that information in mind (Stevens & Goldberg, 2001). To be able to do so, it is essential that teachers have the knowledge about the basics of brain based learning and what do they feel about it. It is apparent from the review of related literature that few studies have been conducted on brain based learning and moreover, no study has been conducted on awareness of brain based learning in India. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness measured as knowledge, beliefs, and classroom practices about brain-based learning among school teachers of Greater Mumbai region, India. Several demographic factors like, gender, faculty of teaching, teaching experience in years, and educational qualification of teachers will be the basis for comparison. The results describe the mean and comparisons of the mean on several demographic factors.

Topic: Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Predictors of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to NIDDM: An Analysis of Six Prospective Studies

Risk factors associated with the progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to NIDDM were examined in data from six prospective studies. IGT and NIDDM were defined in all studies by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and baseline risk factors were measured at the time of first recognition of IGT. The studies varied in size from 177 to 693 participants with IGT, and included men and women followed from 2 to 27 years after the recognition of IGT. Across the six studies, the incidence rate of NIDDM was 57.2/1,000 person-years and ranged from 35.8/1,000 to 87.3/1,000 person-years. Although baseline measures of fasting and 2-h postchallenge glucose levels were both positively associated with NIDDM incidence, incidence rates were sharply higher for those in the top quartile of fasting plasma glucose levels, but increased linearly with increasing 2-h postchallenge glucose quartiles. Incidence rates were higher among the Hispanic, Mexican-American, Pima, and Nauruan populations than among Caucasians. The effect of baseline age on NIDDM incidence rates differed among the studies; the rates did not increase or rose only slightly with increasing baseline age in three of the studies and formed an inverted U in three studies. In all studies, estimates of obesity (including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference) were positively associated with NIDDM incidence. BMI was associated with NIDDM incidence independently of fasting and 2-h post challenge glucose levels in the combined analysis of all six studies and in three cohorts separately, but not in the three studies with the highest NIDDM incidence rates. Sex and family history of diabetes were generally not related to NIDDM progression. This analysis indicates that persons with IGT are at high risk and that further refinement of risk can be made by other simple measurements. The ability to identify persons at high risk of NIDDM should facilitate clinical trials in diabetes prevention.

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Detuning effects in Haar wavelet spectrum of pulsed-driven qubit

The transient scattered radiation due to interaction of a short laser pulse (of rectangular shape) with a qubit is studied through the Haar wavelet window spectrum. Asymmetrical structure in the spectrum is shown due to frequency miss-match of the laser and qubit frequencies and the shift window parameter.

Topic: Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cued Speech and the Reception of Spoken Language

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Cued Speech on the speech reception abilities of profoundly hearing-impaired children under seven conditions of presentation: audition; lipreading: audition and lipreading; cues; audition and cues; lipreading and cues; and audition, lipreading, and cues. The 18 subjects had been taught through the use of Cued Speech for at least 4 years. The subjects were presented with specially designed speech tests (syllables and key words in sentences) which had been recorded on color videotape, and they responded in writing. Speech reception scores of over 95% with the key word in sentence materials and over 80% with the syllables were obtained with lipreading plus cues, and with audition, lipreading plus cues. Equally high levels of accuracy in speech reception by such children have not previously been reported. The subjects also demonstrated the ability: to use audition with the sentence materials, both in combination with lipreading and with cues, though there were large individual differences under these conditions. Speech reception abilities in the lipreading-plus-audition condition were highly correlated with scores for speech production, whereas language attainments were correlated with reception through Cued Speech. The implications of these findings to the field of aural rehabilitation are discussed.

Topic: Hearing Impairment and Communication
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Exemplarity and divine ideas in Aquinas. From the essential unity to the personal Logos

According to Aquinas, formally speaking, the divine exemplarity depends on ideas existing in the mind of God. However, to interpret this statement within the context of Trinitarian monotheism requires consideration of the exemplary condition of both the divine essence and the personal Logos. It is necessary, therefore, to reflect on two pairings simultaneously: essence ideas and Logos-ideas. The fi rst is clarified by studying divine knowledge, the other by analysing the manifestation of creatures through the divine Word. This paper explores these two sets of ideas independently and in relation to one another in order to show their harmonic convergence in the Thomistic maxim: Deus est primum exemplar omnium.

Topic: Medieval Philosophy and Theology
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Retrospective comparison of outcomes following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and lateral fabello-tibial suture stabilisation of cranial cruciate ligament disease in small dogs with high tibial plateau angles

To compare short and long-term outcomes after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and lateral fabello-tibial suture (LFTS) techniques for the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease in small dogs with high tibial plateau angles (TPA). In this retrospective study, the medical records of two veterinary specialist practices in the United Kingdom were searched for dogs (&lt;20 kg) that underwent TPLO or LFTS between 2000 and 2010, and had a preoperative radiographic TPA &gt;30° with either short-term (6 weeks) and/or long-term (&gt;3 months) follow-up data. Data collected at a 6-week post-surgical re-examination was derived from orthopaedic examination and radiographic assessment and included the incidence of major and minor complications and scoring of the short-term outcome. Long-term outcome was scored based on results of a subjective owner questionnaire and veterinary orthopaedic examination. A total of 61 (84 stifles) dogs were included in the study: 24 (30 stilfes) and 37 (54 stifles) dogs underwent LFTS and TPLO, respectively. Long-term clinical outcome was different (p = 0.017) between groups; 15/15 stifles in the TPLO group had a good or excellent long-term clinical outcome, compared to 4/8 (50%) in the LFTS group. There was no evidence of a difference in short-term post-operative outcome or owner subjective long-term outcome between treatment groups. Stifles in the LFTS group were more likely (p = 0.027) to have palpable stifle pain at long-term follow-up. Owners reported that 5/16 (31.3%) dogs in the LFTS group required oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment at least monthly (4/5 required daily treatment), whereas no dogs in the TPLO group required treatment with NSAID more frequently than three times per year (p = 0.011). No correlation was found between short-term outcome and owner subjective long-term outcome but there was a positive correlation between short-term outcome and long-term clinical outcome. There was no evidence of a difference in overall major complication rates between treatment groups. The occurrence of complications was associated with heavier body weight at the time of surgery. No other variables were shown to be risk factors for complications. Small breed dogs with high TPA that underwent TPLO had better long-term clinical outcomes and were less likely to require NSAID administration than those that underwent LFTS. The risk of complication increased with the weight of the dog at surgery. There was a positive correlation between short-term outcome and long-term clinical outcome.

Topic: Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-81-135-912, U.S. Department of Transportation, East Liberty, Ohio.

the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request to evaluate wor ker e xposures to welding emissions, test vehicle exhaust, asbestos from brakelining

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Tumor <i>SHB</i> gene expression affects disease characteristics in human acute myeloid leukemia

The mouse Shb gene coding for the Src Homology 2-domain containing adapter protein B has recently been placed in context of BCRABL1-induced myeloid leukemia in mice and the current study was performed in order to relate SHB to human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Publicly available AML databases were mined for SHB gene expression and patient survival. SHB gene expression was determined in the Uppsala cohort of AML patients by qPCR. Cell proliferation was determined after SHB gene knockdown in leukemic cell lines. Despite a low frequency of SHB gene mutations, many tumors overexpressed SHB mRNA compared with normal myeloid blood cells. AML patients with tumors expressing low SHB mRNA displayed longer survival times. A subgroup of AML exhibiting a favorable prognosis, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with a PMLRARA translocation, expressed less SHB mRNA than AML tumors in general. When examining genes co-expressed with SHB in AML tumors, four other genes ( PAX5, HDAC7, BCORL1, TET1) related to leukemia were identified. A network consisting of these genes plus SHB was identified that relates to certain phenotypic characteristics, such as immune cell, vascular and apoptotic features. SHB knockdown in the APL PMLRARA cell line NB4 and the monocyte/macrophage cell line MM6 adversely affected proliferation, linking SHB gene expression to tumor cell expansion and consequently to patient survival. It is concluded that tumor SHB gene expression relates to AML survival and its subgroup APL. Moreover, this gene is included in a network of genes that plays a role for an AML phenotype exhibiting certain immune cell, vascular and apoptotic characteristics.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences