jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of intelligent connected vehicle industry in China, United States and European Union from technology lifecycle perspective

Purpose The intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) is an important trend in automobile development, but little research has been conducted on the technological differences in the ICV industry across countries. In this regard, the authors select China, the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) as countries with developed ICV industries to reveal these differences based on the perspective of subdivision technology. Design/methodology/approach The authors use logistic regression to fit lifecycles at technology level and country level based on ICV-related patents from China, the US and the EU, then use the Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA) index, Fast-Growing Specialization Index (FGSI) and International Patent Classification (IPC) numbers to conduct comparison of national technology advantages, finally use the social network analysis to investigate the evolution of characteristics and intermediate nodes of each technology innovation network. Findings Technology lifecycles vary according to the subdivision technology and country. The global development of the ICV industry has reached the mature stage, and 2030 may be a watershed moment, ushering in a wave of new technology iterations. In various subdivision technologies, China and the US have more leading RTAs, and China and the EU have more leading FGSIs. Innovation networks in different countries expand with technology lifecycles, with that in China being the fastest. China's Universities, the US's enterprises and the EU's research institutes are active in cooperative innovation as intermediaries. Originality/value This is the first study to compare the development of the ICV industry in major countries from the perspective of subdivision technology and reveal characteristics of innovation networks in each.

Topic: Innovation Policy and R&D
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Urbanization and Migration in Brazil

A bstract . Brazil's rural to urban migration has been dramatic. In 1940 only 15 percent of the country's population lived in urbanized areas. By 1970 more than 50 percent were so classified. This trend in population concentration continues. Studies of the causes and the consequences of population shifts in Brazil when based upon “choice models” of decision making are inconclusive. The current trend in urban migration reflects the impact of structural changes in Brazil's economy including industrialization, agricultural automation , and the accompanying modifications of programs and policies of Brazil's changing governmental elite. Governmental policies designed to stem the flow of population to the cities will require structural changes in the economy comparable to those which precipitated the migration.

Topic: Urban and Rural Development Challenges
Subfield: Urban Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tomato Locule Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Changes during Maturation and Ripening

Softening and liquefaction of `Solar Set' locules was studied by examining cell wall polysaccharides during fruit developmental stages (FDS) of immature green, mature green and breaker. Ethanol insoluble solids (EIS) were sequentially extracted by H 2 O, CDTA, and Na 2 CO 3 solutions. The chromatograms of gel filtration among the same-solution extracts of EISs from three FDS were similar. Gradient DEAE also yielded similar patterns among FDS in each extraction solvent, even though the patterns of Na 2 CO 3 extracts differed from those of H 2 O and CDTA extracts. The mole ratio of total polyuronides decreased for Gal, Ara, and Xyl at later FDS in both EIS and in all extracted polymers. Gal had the highest mole percentage of total neutral sugars, followed by Ara, Xyl, and Rha. While the mole percentage of neutral sugars for Gal, Rha, Ara, and Xyl were relatively similar among FDS in H 2 O extracts, those in CDTA and Na 2 CO 3 extracts either increased or decreased, depending on individual neutral sugar. SDS-PAGE showed increased density in locule-tissue proteins, especially one with a molecular weight of less than 20 kDa, during later FDS. Results indicate that pectin depolymerization was limited and major neutral sugars commonly composing side chains showed a net decrease.

Topic: Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Role of Technology in Gifted and Talented Education: A Review of Descriptive and Empirical Research

Nowadays, we cannot exclude the use of technology from the technology-driven generation as the deployment of Information Technology become a necessity factor toward a successful process; especially in education due to its vital role in enhancing the students’ knowledge and skills development. One type of students that technology plays a major role in their development is gifted and talented students who have unique learning needs that are often overlooked in the traditional education setting. This research aims to explore the progress of technology use in gifted and talented education through reviewing and highlighting the best practices and research in this area based on both descriptive and empirical research. The review will include different areas of gifted programming such as learning and development, assessment, curriculum and learning environments. For this purpose, the online database is employed to extract the research done in the field between years 2010 to 2018. The contribution of this research resides in its exposure to the best practices of integrating technology in gifted and talented education through which teachers and practitioners can be encouraged to adopt them into their contexts. It also provides the researchers with intensive review of technology adoption for gifted and talented education with some suggestions for future research where they can focus their research on. Keywords: technology, gifted, talented, education, online

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Modeling and Analysis of Multichannel Drive-Thru Internet Systems and Performance Improvement

Recently, the interest regarding Drive-thru Internet systems has been rapidly arising in industrial and academic fields in view of the widespread adoption of IEEE 802.11 networks and its great potential to provide cost-effective Internet access. Drive-thru Internet systems are multiple-access wireless networks in which users in moving vehicles request/receive services such as digital map update and MP3 download to/from a Road Side Unit (RSU) as the vehicles pass through the coverage range of the RSU. For the purpose of efficiently supporting various services, Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE), which is the standard for VANETs communications, specifies multichannel utilization, where the overall bandwidth is subdivided into seven channels, namely, one Control Channel (CCH) and six Service Channels (SCHs). However, originally designed for quasi-static single-channel-based small-scale indoor applications, the performance of IEEE 802.11 in the outdoor vehicular environment, where a large number of fast-moving vehicles simultaneously contend for channel access in the multichannel environment, is still unclear. In this article, a unified analytical framework is established to study the performance of multichannel Drive-thru Internet systems. Specifically, taking account of channel access contention of vehicles and power reception probability of an RSU, the message arrival rate at the RSU on the uplink channel (i.e., CCH) is derived. Then, a multiserver queueing model, which plays the role of a bridge connecting the uplink and downlink (i.e., SCHs) communications, is developed for the purpose of accurately capturing the dynamics of the multichannel environment. Based on the developed framework, it can be noticed that as the intensity of channel contention increases, the saturated throughput of SCHs decreases rapidly, and the system becomes unstable due to the reason that vehicles have to wait for a very large amount of time to receive the requested service messages, or even worse, cannot receive the messages before leaving the coverage of RSU. In order to keep the throughput at the maximum level regardless of the channel contention intensity while maintaining the system stability, we propose a centralized coordination mechanism. Simulation experiments are carried out to validate the accuracy of the developed analytical framework and the effectiveness of the proposed centralized coordination mechanism.

Topic: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of Genes and Genomic Islands Correlated with High Pathogenicity in Streptococcus suis Using Whole Genome Tilling Microarrays

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause meningitis and sepsis in both pigs and humans. Infections in humans have been sporadic worldwide but two severe outbreaks occurred in China in recent years, while infections in pigs are a major problem in the swine industry. Some S. suis strains are more pathogenic than others with 2 sequence types (ST), ST1 and ST7, being well recognized as highly pathogenic. We analyzed 31 isolates from 23 serotypes and 25 STs by NimbleGen tiling microarray using the genome of a high pathogenicity (HP) ST1 strain, GZ1, as reference and a new algorithm to detect gene content difference. The number of genes absent in a strain ranged from 49 to 225 with a total of 632 genes absent in at least one strain, while 1346 genes were found to be invariably present in all strains as the core genome of S. suis, accounting for 68% of the GZ1 genome. The majority of genes are located in chromosomal blocks with two or more contiguous genes. Sixty two blocks are absent in two or more strains and defined as regions of difference (RDs), among which 26 are putative genomic islands (GIs). Clustering and statistical analyses revealed that 8 RDs including 6 putative GIs and 21 genes within these RDs are significantly associated with HP. Three RDs encode known virulence related factors including the extracellular factor, the capsular polysaccharide and a SrtF pilus. The strains were divided into 5 groups based on population genetic analysis of multilocus sequence typing data and the distribution of the RDs among the groups revealed gain and loss of RDs in different groups. Our study elucidated the gene content diversity of S. suis and identified genes that potentially promote HP.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Description of a new species of armored spider from Myanmar (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae)

The Tetrablemmidae is a family of small to very small haplogyne, ecribellate, three-clawed spiders characterized mainly by the complex pattern of abdominal scuta (with dorsal, lateral and ventral plates) which justifies their common name “armoured spiders” (Shear 1978, Lehtinen 1981, Jocqué &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). They have a dorsal shield of prosoma heavily sclerotized, usually with rugous, pitted or reticulated surface, distinctly modified in the males of many genera. They lack direct eyes (anterior median), and several genera may lack some or all of the indirect eyes as well. One of the recognized tribes, Tetrablemmini (subfamily Tetrablemminae), contains the type genus of the family: Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge typically known by having four eyes displaced posteriorly in males, which have a convex clypeus, sometimes with tubercles, and chelicerae with anterior horns (Figs 6, 8─9; Lehtinen 1981: 56; Tong &amp; Li 2008; Burger 2008).

Topic: Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Smoking Cessation in Stroke Survivors in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis

Background: Continued smoking after stroke is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence and other cardiovascular disease. We sought to comprehensively understand the epidemiology of smoking cessation in stroke survivors in the United States. Furthermore, we compared smoking cessation in stroke and cancer survivors because cancer is another smoking-related condition in which smoking cessation is prioritized. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an annual, nationally representative health survey. Using pooled data from 2013 to 2019, we identified stroke and cancer survivors with a history of smoking. We used survey procedures to estimate frequencies and summarize quit ratios with attention to demographic and geographic (state-wise and rural-urban) factors for stroke survivors. The quit ratio is conventionally defined as the proportion of ever smokers who have quit. Then, we used multivariable logistic regression to compare quit ratios in stroke and cancer survivors while adjusting for demographics and smoking-related comorbidities. Results: Among 4 434 604 Americans with a history of stroke and smoking, the median age was 68 years (interquartile range, 59–76), and 45.4% were women. The overall quit ratio was 60.8% (95% CI, 60.1%–61.6%). Quit ratios varied by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and several geographic factors. There was marked geographic variation in quit ratios, ranging from 48.3% in Kentucky to 71.5% in California. Furthermore, compared with cancer survivors, stroke survivors were less likely to have quit smoking (odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.67–0.79]) after accounting for differences in demographics and smoking-related comorbidities. Conclusions: There were considerable demographic and geographic disparities in smoking quit ratios in stroke survivors, who were less likely to have quit smoking than cancer survivors. A targeted initiative is needed to improve smoking cessation for stroke survivors.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Line-scan chromatic confocal microscopy for multi-depth imaging of skin tissue using deconvolution

In this paper, we present a line-scan chromatic confocal microscopy for rapid, multi-depth imaging of non-transparent skin tissue. Leveraging spectral dispersion encoding, this system enables the simultaneous acquisition of reflectance data across a depth range exceeding 180 μ m in skin tissue, effectively eliminating mechanical axial scanning and minimizing associated artifacts. With a lateral effective field of view (FOV) of 13.2 mm, the system provides a wide-field perspective for comprehensive tissue analysis. Furthermore, to overcome the typical limitations of lateral resolution in line-scan systems, we employ pre-calibrated deconvolution using an empirically determined point spread function obtained with a micro-spot mirror. We demonstrate deep-tissue tomography with ex vivo bovine skin tissue, achieving an increase in resolution from 45.25 lp/mm to 50.79 lp/mm post-deconvolution, as quantified using a USAF 1951 target. These results highlight the potential of line-scan chromatic confocal microscopy with pre-calibrated deconvolution as a powerful platform for multi-depth biomedical imaging applications requiring enhanced lateral resolution and contrast.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How the acoustic resonances of the subglottal tract affect the impedance spectrum measured through the lips

Experimental determinations of the acoustic properties of the subglottal airway, from the trachea below the larynx to the lungs, may provide useful information for detecting airway pathologies and aid in the understanding of vocal fold auto-oscillation. Here, minimally invasive, high precision impedance measurements are made through the lips (7 men, 3 women) over the range 14–4200 Hz during inspiration, expiration, and with a closed glottis. Closed glottis measurements show the expected resonances and anti-resonances of the supraglottal vocal tract. As the glottis is gradually opened, and the glottal inertance decreases, maxima in the subglottal impedance increasingly affect the measured impedance spectrum, producing additional pairs of maxima and minima. The pairs with the lowest frequency appear first. Measurements during a cycle of respiration show the disappearance and reappearance of these extrema. For a wide glottal opening during inspiration, and for the frequency range 14–4200 Hz, the impedance spectrum semi-quantitatively resembles that of a single, longer duct, open at the remote end, and whose total effective length is 37 ± 4 cm for men and 34 ± 3 cm for women. Fitting to simple models of the subglottal tract yields mean effective acoustic lengths of 19.5 cm for the men and 16.0 cm for the women in this study.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Working with refugee survivors of torture.

Numerous factors must be taken into account to best provide for the health and well-being of refugee patients in developed countries. One issue that is rarely considered is the awful and not uncommon occurrence of political torture. Large numbers of refugees and other displaced persons are survivors of political torture, and health care professionals must be prepared for this possibility when treating refugee patients. The effects of torture are pervasive, and we provide some practical considerations for health professionals who care for survivors of torture. Specific challenges include problems relating to exile and resettlement, somatic symptoms and pain, and the "medicalization" of torture sequelae.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Scientific inquiry skills and their relationship to achievement in chemistry for third-intermediate students

The current research aimed to identify the skills of scientific investigation and achievement in chemistry among third-grade intermediate students, as well as to identify the strength and direction of the relationship between the research variables, and the descriptive correlative approach was adopted. The average in schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education / Karkh third in Baghdad by (2%) of the research community of (22,148) male and female students for the academic year (2021-2022). Measurement, classification, conclusion, extrapolation, prediction, communication, use of space and time relationships, procedural definition, controlling variables, imposing hypotheses, experimental design, and data interpretation) by 50 items (multiple choice). (40) paragraphs, including (35) objective paragraphs of a multiple-choice type with four alternatives and (5) essay paragraphs. Psychometrics of the two tools using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS+22) The statistical results showed the following: 1) The third intermediate grade students have a good achievement in chemistry as a result of their perseverance and scientific efforts; 2) The third intermediate grade students have sufficient scientific inquiry skills; 3) There is a correlation between scientific inquiry skills and achievement.

Topic: Educational Methods and Outcomes
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Oregon's Doctor to the World: Esther Pohl Lovejoy and a Life in Activism

Oregon's Doctor to the World is a biography of Esther Clayson Pohl Lovejoy (1869–1967), an extraordinary woman—physician, public health activist, suffragist, congressional candidate, author of a least three books, and pioneer in early efforts to organize international medical relief work. Her story is one of almost a century of women's public activism. Born in a lumber camp in Washington Territory, the daughter of working-class immigrants, she received almost no formal education. Despite this, she went on to medical school, paying her way by working in department stores. She became the second woman to graduate from the University of Oregon's medical school in 1894. An activist doctor, she went with her first husband to provide medical care during a spinal meningitis epidemic in Alaska in the late 1890s. A decade later as a member of the Portland Board of Health she battled the 1907 bubonic plague epidemic and fought for pure food and milk. Tragedy also shaped her progressive and feminist consciousness—she lost a husband during the Alaska spinal meningitis epidemic, and her only son from drinking tainted milk. She led the Portland Women's Suffrage League and worked for the ballot measure that gave Oregon women the vote in 1912. The outbreak of World War I took Lovejoy out of Oregon politics and into the world of women's international medicine. The last forty years of her life she traveled extensively, building support and speaking at national and international conferences.

Topic: American History and Culture
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Intervals and Number of Applications of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl for the Control of Bacterial Spot on Processing Tomato

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a plant activator that triggers systemic acquired resistance that is labeled for use in Brazil for managing tomato bacterial spot. The aim of this study was to define the optimum relationship between interval and number of applications of ASM for the most efficacious control of bacterial spot on processing tomato. Four intervals between applications (4, 7, 10, and 14 days) and four application frequencies (4, 6, 8, and 10 applications) were evaluated in five trials performed between 2010 and 2011 in Brasília, Distrito Federal, and in Morrinhos, in the state of Goiás. Copper hydroxide (CH) was applied after ASM applications to complete 13 applications per growing season. Two check treatments were added: standard CH weekly applications and untreated. The following variables were evaluated: severity of bacterial spot, yield, percentage of ripe and rotten fruit, soluble solids content, and the benefit/cost ratio. Disease severity varied between treatments in three trials and yield varied in two trials. A greater number of applications resulted in a reduction of bacterial spot, and the ideal interval between applications was between 8 to 10 days. However, there was a reduction in yield with 10 ASM applications. The temporal effect of ASM applications on bacterial spot severity was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Reduction in disease severity was observed up to 6 days following ASM application. Additionally, the weekly treatment of seven applications of ASM followed by six applications of CH was compared with a standard program of CH under commercial production conditions in Itaberaí, Goiás, where bacterial spot occurred naturally. The program with ASM and CH resulted in significantly less foliar disease severity than the standard program, which did not result in yield gains. In addition, no differences were detected between the two programs for soluble solids content, industrial yield, plant height, and percentage of ripe and rotten fruit.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences