jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
English in Russia: To Learn or Not To Learn – That Is the Question

This article explores the issues of the English language position in Russia. In recent years English has emergedas the pre-eminent language for international communication all over the globe. It is spoken by more peoplearound the world than any other language, and is regularly described as a truly ‘global’ language. The authorclaims that the position of English in Russia is not that striking as in the whole world. It is mostly connected withthe geographical position of this huge country/ Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more thanone-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with 143million people as of 2012. Extending across the entirety of northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russiaspans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. The author comes to theconclusion that only the center of Russia (such cities as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod,Yekaterinburg) exhibits the special role of English for most of the population due to the international companiesthat are mostly located there and offer jobs for people, the most outstanding Universities that invite studentsfrom abroad and international affairs that huge Russian companies accumulated in the above mentioned citieshave with their foreign partners.

Topic: Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery. By Hamilton Bailey. F.R.C.S., Surgeon, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham. Second edition, revised and enlarged. Medium 8vo. Pp. 268 + xviii, with 306 illustrations, some of which are in colour. 1930. Bristol: John Wright &amp; Sons Ltd. 21s. net

Journal Article Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery. By Hamilton Bailey. F.R.C.S., Surgeon, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham. Second edition, revised and enlarged. Medium 8vo. Pp. 268 + xviii, with 306 illustrations, some of which are in colour. 1930. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd. 21s. net Get access Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery. By Bailey Hamilton. F.R.C.S., Surgeon, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham. Second edition, revised and enlarged. Medium 8vo. Pp. 268 + xviii, with 306 illustrations, some of which are in colour. 1930. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd. 21s. net. British Journal of Surgery, Volume 18, Issue 69, July 1930, Page 180, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800186928 Published: 06 December 2005

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Development of Magnetic Anastomat for Laparoscopic Bilioenterostomy].

This work introduces the design and operating procedure of a novel magnetic anastomat for laparoscopic bilioenterostomy. Three techniques (magnetic compression technique, mechanic control technique and purse string suture technique) are used to design this device. The anastomat is mainly composed of two parts, a magnetic head and a handle. The surgical procedure for laparoscopic bilioenterostomy with this novel anastomat is similar to performing an end-side enteroenterostomy with the circular stapler. After the anastomosis is achieved, the magnetic head is placed at the anastomoses to maintain the digestive tract continuity. The magnetic head would fall into the jejunal lumen when the anastomoses is formed. This surgical approach would bring an innovation to the laparoscopic bilioenterostomy. Performing laparoscopic bilioenterostomy with this magnetic anastomat is safe, reliable and feasible.

Topic: Biliary and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structure of nematode communities in nine types of ecosystems

Nematode communities were analyzed in nine ecosystems: winter wheat in crop rotation – standard tillage; winter wheat in crop rotation – reduced tillage; corn in monoculture; sugar beat; potato – chemical plant protection; potato – integrated plant protection; alfalfa; grassland; poplar forest. Sampling was done in 1997 and 1998, in spring and autumn, on the depth of 15-20 cm. Nematode communities were analyzed to genus level. Greatest number of nematodes and number of genera were 2843 nematodes/100 g of soil in alfalfa treatment, and 30 genera in poplar treatment. Lowest was in row crops (216 and 12 genera in sugar beat). Analyzes of nematode trophic structure showed greatest abundance of bacterial feeders and plant parasitic nematodes in all treatments, and lowest abundance of omnivorous nematodes and predators. The greatest abundance of predators was determined in poplar forest. Positive correlation between quantity of humus and total number of nematodes was determined and negative correlation between amount of K20 and number of genera. Statistically very significant differences occurred between treatments in analyzing MI, PPI and PPI/MI and showed the most disturbed nematode communities in row crops, the less disturbed in poplar forest, grassland and alfalfa; and intermediate group was wheat with reduced and standard tillage.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Accommodation of misfit in heterostructures with continuous and island films

An equation is derived for the equilibrium dislocation configuration in a slip plane with a stress distribution depending on a single coordinate. The equation allows to determine the critical film thickness at which dislocations are first formed in various heterostructures. Critical thicknesses are discussed for systems with a continuous film, with a semi-infinite film, bounded by a straight edge, and with a series of parallel strips on the substrate surface. The theoretical data are in agreement with the observed ones for continuous films. They are confirmed by experimental results for the heterostructure with a discontinuous film. The peculiarities of stable and unstable equilibrium dislocations are discussed for the mentioned heterostructures. [Russian Text Ignored]

Topic: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of endoparasites in Spotted deer (Axis axis) gastrointestinal tract conserved in Hasanuddin University entrance park, Makassar

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify endoparasite in the Spotted deers’ ( Axis axis ) gastrointestinal tract conserved in Taman Pintu Satu (Park entrance) Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study was conducted from October to December 2014 and continued in February 2015. Thirty-three samples were collected randomly and examined by the fluid method. Results showed that endoparasites were found in one of 25 samples in the dry season and three of eight samples in the wet season. The endoparasites were identified as Oesophagostomum spp, Haemonchus sp, Eimeria spp. The season, geographical location, and temperature were considered as the most critical factors of the occurrence of parasites in one place. This finding indicates that some factors could lead to the occurrence of endoparasites in animals, especially in Spotted deer.

Topic: Livestock and Poultry Management
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
First-line Osimertinib in EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Poor Performance Status

<b>Background:</b> The efficacy of osimertinib as a first-line treatment for patients with poor performance status (PS) remains unclear. <b>Patients & methods:</b> This multicenter retrospective study evaluated patients treated with osimertinib between 2018 and 2020, with PS 2-4. <b>Results:</b> Among 36 patients with PS 2, the median progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year PFS, median overall survival (OS) and 1-year OS were 14.5 months, 65.4%, 18.1 months and 72.7%, respectively. Among 20 patients with PS 3-4, the median PFS, 1-year PFS, median OS and 1-year OS were 3.0 months, 27.1%, 5.0 months and 46.1%, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Osimertinib was not as efficacious as other EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Topic: Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Combining Nanopore direct RNA sequencing with genetics and mass spectrometry for analysis of T-loop base modifications across 42 yeast tRNA isoacceptors

Abstract Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contain dozens of chemical modifications. These modifications are critical for maintaining tRNA tertiary structure and optimizing protein synthesis. Here we advance the use of Nanopore direct RNA-sequencing (DRS) to investigate the synergy between modifications that are known to stabilize tRNA structure. We sequenced the 42 cytosolic tRNA isoacceptors from wild-type yeast and five tRNA-modifying enzyme knockout mutants. These data permitted comprehensive analysis of three neighboring and conserved modifications in T-loops: 5-methyluridine (m5U54), pseudouridine (Ψ55), and 1-methyladenosine (m1A58). Our results were validated using direct measurements of chemical modifications by mass spectrometry. We observed concerted T-loop modification circuits—the potent influence of Ψ55 for subsequent m1A58 modification on more tRNA isoacceptors than previously observed. Growing cells under nutrient depleted conditions also revealed a novel condition-specific increase in m1A58 modification on some tRNAs. A global and isoacceptor-specific classification strategy was developed to predict the status of T-loop modifications from a user-input tRNA DRS dataset, applicable to other conditions and tRNAs in other organisms. These advancements demonstrate how orthogonal technologies combined with genetics enable precise detection of modification landscapes of individual, full-length tRNAs, at transcriptome-scale.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Highly Sensitive Textile-Based Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using PVDF-HFP/Ionic Liquid Composite Films

Textile-based pressure sensors have garnered considerable interest in electronic textiles due to their diverse applications, including human–machine interface and healthcare monitoring systems. We studied a textile-based capacitive pressure sensor array using a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)/ionic liquid (IL) composite film. By constructing a capacitor structure with Ag-plated conductive fiber electrodes that are embedded in fabrics, a capacitive pressure sensor showing high sensitivity, good operation stability, and a wide sensing range could be created. By optimizing the PVDF-HFP:IL ratio (6.5:3.5), the fabricated textile pressure sensors showed sensitivity of 9.51 kPa−1 and 0.69 kPa−1 in the pressure ranges of 0–20 kPa and 20–100 kPa, respectively. The pressure-dependent capacitance variation in our device was explained based on the change in the contact-area formed between the multi-filament fiber electrodes and the PVDF-HFP/IL film. To demonstrate the applicability and scalability of the sensor device, a 3 × 3 pressure sensor array was fabricated. Due to its matrix-type array structure and capacitive sensing mechanism, multi-point detection was possible, and the different positions and the weights of the objects could be identified.

Topic: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Heat Transfer Analysis in Cooling System of Hydropower’s Generator

Cooling process of power plant generator is handled via air-cooled radiators in which the cooling water is supplied from lake with its water temperature varies from season to season. In this study, the effect of temperature fluctuations of cooling water entering the cooling system has been examined via analysis of energy (NTU method) and exergy. The exergy analysis has been done by definition of efficiency coefficient for exergy of cooling media (water) and heating media (air). Besides, the effect of changing the cooling water temperature and flow rate entering the radiators on the cooling system performance has been studied. The results revealed the generator cooling system performance level held sufficient till the temperature of inlet water was kept under 293 k (20°C). On one hand, when the temperature of cooling water at the inlet rises to 12°C, the rate of heat exchange at radiators falls up to 34.3%. On the other hand, by water temperature passing the 12°C limit, the efficiency of cooling media exergy falls to 78% leading to efficiency rise in radiators’ heating media exergy level to 61%. According to the results of this study, changing flow rate of cooling media up to 40% gives rise to the efficiency coefficient of radiators’ cooling media exergy level to about 18.7%. While it does not affect the efficiency level of energy at radiators, the flow rate rise of cooling media may not be considered as a way to give rise to efficiency level of radiators.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Apoptosis in measles virus‐infected human central nervous system tissues

The extent of apoptotic cell death was examined in central nervous system (CNS) tissues from three cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Apoptosis was demonstrated by in situ end‐labelling of DNA in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Measles virus and cell types were labelled by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. Furthermore, bcl‐2 expression in SSPE was examined by immunohistochemistry. All three cases exhibited varying degrees of apoptosis in all CNS areas studied. Brain tissue from a non‐neurological control case did not show any significant apoptosis. Characterization of cell types demonstrated neurons, oligodendrocytes, lymphocytes and microglia undergoing apoptosis. A linear relationship could not be established between virus burden and the extent of apoptosis in any particular area. Virus‐negative cells were observed which were undergoing apoptosis. Bcl‐2 immunoreactivity in SSPE was confined to the infiltrating cell population. These results suggest that apoptosis of various cell types may contribute to the neuropathogenesis of measles virus infection in the human CNS, either as a direct effect of viral infection or by cytokine‐mediated responses.

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Knowledge Implementation Strategy and its influence on the Knowledge Sharing Attitude among Knowledge Workers and Individual Job Performance

Knowledge is asset that empowers individual and organizations to stay competitive in a borderless business world. For organizations that successfully deploy knowledge sharing and reuse, they have claimed to have observed job performance improvement. Even though the success or failure of KM implementation have been aggressively investigated by researchers, nevertheless, besides factors such as culture, business strategy, size, capacity and needs of organizations, KM strategy may vary depending on the organizationsâ€™ eco-system. Hence, there is a need to investigate organizations operate in Malaysian to understand influences of KM strategy and its influence to knowledge sharing atttitude among knowledge workers in the organizations. And the effect of KM strategy and knowledge sharing atttitude on individual job performance. The research subjects are IT related companies in Malaysia that practise knowledge sharing. MSC status companies will be invited to participate. Questionnaire will be sent to these companies to solicit responses. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) will be adopted as analysis technique to analyze the responses from research subjects that take part. In this research, a selected group of companies in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor/Klang Valley will be interviewed to collect their views for qualitative analysis. Campbell Job Performance Theory will be used in the research to evaluate performance of knowledge workers in organizations. Questionnaire survey will be circulated to knowledge workers to collect their responses. The outcomes of the research provides a better understanding of the relationships between KM implementation strategy, knowledge sharing attitude, and individual job performance of knowledge workers.

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Initial Searches on Gradual Urbanization Path of the Surplus Rural Labor Force Shifts

The shifting of surplus rural labor force is thE radical solution to the problempeasant,Countryside,and Agriculture.It is generally accepted that urbanization is a way out Based on analysis of the dualistic economy,Louis purt forward a model of straight urbanization,most cities,however,couldn′t afford to its heavy burden in many developing countries in practice.During the process of urbanization in our country,the thought of developing mini town was once the optimal choice.Along with the transformation of rural industries,the influence on shifting of surplus rural labor force in mini towns declied.This paper first reviewed the history of urbanization,then turned to discuss the theory of gray area,and fially tried to probe into a gradual urbanization path of surplus labor force shifts in China.

Topic: Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
AN UNUSUAL LEAD POINT IN AN UNUSUAL INTUSSUSCEPTION-A CASE REPORT

Intussusception is one of the causes of small bowel obstruction.This is a case report of 48years old female patient who came to casualty with complaints of abdomen distension for 3days and abdomen pain for 2days associated with vomiting and constipation.History of surgery done for feeding gastrostomy tube placement done 6months ago .On examination abdomen distended and CECT abdomen report showing small bowel intussusception.Emergency Laparotomy done and jejuno-jejunal intussusception seen with bulb of feeding gastrostomy tube as lead point.Bowel found to be viable and invaginated bowel reduced . Feeding tube migration should be suspected in patients with feeding tubes presenting as small bowel obstruction

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Becoming a volunteer: first impressions of volunteering in community food projects

In this practice paper, a number of ‘first impressions’ from practical volunteering in community food projects are explored through academic and grey literature: the complexity of decision making; valorising the symptoms rather than the causes of problems; shunting risk; and the marketisation of both volunteering and community food projects. Volunteers, as policy takers, can only soften rather than resolve these issues. The state’s view of the advantages of using volunteers corresponds to the main difficulties of volunteering, for volunteers.

Topic: Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory thrombocytopenia treated by dose-reduced decitabine

Objective:To summarize the experience of dose-reduced decitabine in treating 3 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory thrombocytopenia(MDS-RT). Method:Dose-reduced decitabine was used to treat 3 patients with MDS-RT for the first course:20 mg/m2,iv 1 h,qd×3 d.Then No.2 patient went on to get decitabine-treatment for 3 courses and No.3 patient chose immunosuppressive therapy. Result:The platelet count of No.1 patient increased from 5×109/L to 45×109/L after one course treatment and the platelet count of No.2 patient increased from 5×109/L to 45×109/L.These two patients both got rid of platelet transfusion and the count of platelet was stable in the following 6 months.No.3 Patient still depended on platelet transfusion and transformed into AML-M_5 in the next 5 months. Conclusion:Dose-reduced decitabine treating MDS-RT may ameliorate platelet transfusion dependence and thrombocytopenia,while its side-effect is not serious.Moreover,the efficiency of decitabine need to be tested in large sample study.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Social Shaping of Open Data through Administrative Processes

Many models have been provided in the last years that aim at describing an optimal open data publication process. However, they fail to explain the different outcomes of open data initiatives. Based on qualitative research this paper conceptualises the open data phenomenon as a set of techno-political arenas in which different interests of a variety of actors potentially and actually collide. The micro-political arena model constitutes an instrument to delineate the social and institutional context of open data that can be employed to explain the successes, as well as the failures of individual open data projects.

Topic: E-Government and Public Services
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Chrysin induces death of prostate cancer cells by inducing ROS and ER stress

Chrysin is a natural flavone found in numerous plant extracts, honey, and propolis that has multiple biological activities including anti‐cancer effects. Understanding of biological mechanisms mediated in response to chrysin in cancerous cells may provide novel insight into chemotherapeutic approaches with reduced side effects in cancers. In the present study, we investigated functional roles of chrysin in progression of prostate cancer cells using DU145 and PC‐3 cell lines. The results showed that chrysin induced apoptosis of cells evidenced by DNA fragmentation and increasing the population of both DU145 and PC‐3 cells in the sub‐G 1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, chrysin reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the prostate cancer cell lines compared to untreated prostate cancer cells. Moreover, chrysin induced loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), while increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in a dose‐dependent manner. Also, it induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins including PRKR‐like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) in DU145 and PC‐3 cells. The chrysin‐mediated intracellular signaling pathways suppressed phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and the abundance of AKT, P70S6K, S6, and P90RSK proteins, but stimulated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and activation of ERK1/2 and P38 proteins in the prostate cancer cells. Collectively, these results indicate that chrysin initiates cell death through induction of mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis and ER stress, and regulation of signaling pathways responsible for proliferation of prostate cancer cells.

Topic: Flavonoids in Medical Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences