jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The cultural logic of a capitalist single-party state, Singapore

Singapore is a settler nation in which the majority population is descended not from White colonizers but from Chinese migrants. Being without proprietary claim to the land, the new postcolonial island-nation declared itself a constitutional ‘multiracial’ nation of Huaren, Malays and Indians, without the isomorphism of race, culture and nation. Lacking a pre-colonial political structure, the new nation was constituted on the template of a modern nation-state, with all the liberal rights and freedoms that this implies, and where the government is to be established by popular mandate through periodic general elections. Operating within the political space framed by these two conditions, the People's Action Party—which has governed without effective opposition since 1959—has been able to manoeuvre between the logic of individual competition in the capitalist economy and the logic of equality between racial groups in social and cultural administration, pragmatically privileging one set of rationales over the other as the situation requires. Thus, the ideology of meritocracy is emphasized in the kinds of individual competition that determine and allocate educational and economic opportunities, thus individualizing economic success or failure. On the other hand, equality of race is emphasized in the management of cultural policies and in the administering and policing of race relations, including the suppression of conventional claims for redress made by racial groups which consider themselves discriminated against or marginalized. Racial harmony as a public moral good is evoked as an instrument for the management of race rather than as an arena for deepening the understanding and mixing of cultures. These strictures of the single-party state disrupt the universalizing desire of contemporary liberalism propagated by the West, providing other East Asian nations with the possibility of an alternative mode of capitalist development without a multi-party polity.

Topic: Socioeconomic Development in Asia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Psychological And Financial Determinants Of Success: Leveraging Mindset, Mental Health, And Strategic Financial Planning For Sustainable Growth In Individuals And Communities.

Success, whether personal or communal, is a multifaceted concept influenced by an intricate interplay of psychological and financial factors. This paper explores the foundational determinants of success, focusing on the roles of mindset, mental health, and strategic financial planning. Psychological determinants, such as growth mindset and emotional resilience, are analyzed for their impact on goal-setting, problem-solving, and perseverance in the face of adversity. Additionally, the significance of mental health in sustaining motivation, creativity, and interpersonal relationships is emphasized as a core pillar of individual and collective well-being. From a financial perspective, the paper examines how sound financial planning and resource management serve as enablers of long-term success. Through case studies and data-driven insights, it is shown that financial literacy, budgeting, and investments not only foster economic stability but also reduce stress, thereby reinforcing psychological wellness. The integration of psychological and financial dimensions is proposed as a holistic approach to fostering sustainable growth. The study further discusses actionable strategies that individuals and communities can adopt, including fostering a supportive environment for mental health, promoting inancial education, and adopting innovative tools for strategic planning. Ultimately, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how psychological well-being and financial acumen, when aligned, can drive lasting success and empower individuals and communities to thrive in an increasingly complex world.

Topic: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A tire contact solution technique

An efficient method for calculating the contact boundary and interfacial pressure distribution was developed. This solution technique utilizes the discrete Fourier transform to establish an influence coefficient matrix for the portion of the pressurized tire surface that may be in the contact region. This matrix is used in a linear algebra algorithm to determine the contact boundary and the array of forces within the boundary that are necessary to hold the tire in equilibrium against a specified contact surface. The algorithm also determines the normal and tangential displacements of those points on the tire surface that are included in the influence coefficient matrix. Displacements within and outside the contact region are calculated. The solution technique is implemented with a finite-element tire model that is based on orthotropic, nonlinear shell of revolution elements which can respond to nonaxisymmetric loads. A sample contact solution is presented.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Bird Cage in Accra. Originally used by the English Mission, then sold to the Cable Company. Near the English Church.

Note translation: "English Church" = "Anglican Church" here. (PJ). - The assertion that this building was used by the Anglican mission (here: SPG) sounds dubious to me - (PJ 01.2002).

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Continuous Crystallization Kinetics of Cefradine in a Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal System

Understanding the continuous crystallization process is of paramount interest in the industry. In this work, the continuous crystallization kinetics of cefradine in a three-stage mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) system was investigated at a steady state. In addition, the nucleation rate and growth rate of cefradine at different temperatures and stirring rates were determined on the basis of the population balance equation and further regressed on the basis of the different parameters. The results show that the crystal nucleation rate and growth rate are the fastest in the third stage and in the first stage, respectively. According to the regressed nucleation and growth rate models, the relative concentration had a smaller effect on the growth rate than that on the nucleation rate with a larger fitted parameter of relative concentration. The nucleation rate was significantly affected by the stirring rate with the largest fitted parameter of the stirring rate.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inspection of Reactor Steel Degradation by Magnetic Adaptive Testing

Degradation of nuclear pressure vessel steel materials, 15Kh2NMFA type and A508 Cl2 type (definition is given in the text) were investigated by a novel magnetic nondestructive testing method, so-called Magnetic Adaptive Testing (MAT), which is based on systematic measurement and evaluation of minor magnetic hysteresis loops. The measured samples were thermally treated by a special step cooling procedure, which generated structural changes in the material. It was found that this type of degradation can be easily followed by magnetic measurements. Charpy impact test were also performed and the results were compared with the magnetic parameters. In case of 15Kh2NMFA steel, a good, reliable and closely linear correlation was found between magnetic descriptors and transition temperature.

Topic: Magnetic Properties and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
An &lt;i&gt;In Situ&lt;/i&gt; Acid Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Laboratory

The random discharge status of acid wastewater in laboratory is a potential hazard to the municipal drainage system, wastewater treatment system and water resources. In this paper, an in-situ acid wastewater treatment equipment for laboratory is suggested. It is composed of an acid wastewater tank, an alkali wastewater tank, a neutralization tank, a washing gas box, pipes and other accessories. It can make the best use of the alkali wastewater produced in the laboratory to deal with the acid wastewater on site. The neutralization reaction takes place in the neutralization tank, and the solution reacted couldn’t be discharged into the indoor drainage pipeline until its pH qualifies the standard. Through the sludge discharge pipe, the deposits can be collected individually, and then be hurtlessly treated and reused. Meanwhile, through the washing gas box the waste gas is decontaminated and discharged into atmosphere. So it can not only reduce the environmental pollution but also lower the treatment cost which corresponds with the idea of green laboratory. This equipment has the economical, practical, and workable property. Not only that, through a reasonable transformation, it is also suitable for other kinds of wastewater, so it has a certain technical populization value.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of POU1F1 Gene Haplotypes on Eights and Milk Production of Awassi Sheep

The aim of the study was to detect polymorphism in the POU1F1 gene in Iraqi Awassi sheep breed, as well as to establish if haplotype of POU1F1 gene could be associated with productive traits. This study was carried out at Al-Kafeel station, Karbala city during the period of 01/10/2017 until 01/08/2018. The study included 46 Awassi ewes with their 52 lambs. The laboratory analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Results showed the successfulness of the PCR amplification process for all six examined fragments of the POU1F1 gene. Gel electrophoresis was conducted using agarose 2%, the product sizes were 637bp, 789bp, 999bp, 868bp, 1190 bp, and 469bp for the fragments P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 respectively. The analysis of the nitrogen bases sequences of the POU1F1 gene for the studied fragments showed a change in 12 different sites of the gene. These changes resulted in 7 haplotypes of H1-H7. The results showed significant influence (P&lt;0.05) in haplotypes of the POU1F1 gene on birth weight . However, haplotypes showed no significant effect on lambs’ weights at weaning, six months and daily weight gains during all periods. Statistical analysis showed that different haplotypes of the POU1F1 gene did not influence on milk productive traits. The examined fragments of the POU1F1 Awassi gene have been submitted to Gene Bank under the accession numbers (LC469323 to LC469349).

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Expressions of TRPVs in the cholesteatoma epithelium

The lower expression of TRPV3 in cholesteatoma may be one of the mechanisms underlying the increased permeability of this tissue. On the other hand, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPV6 are unlikely to be involved in the regulation of epithelial permeability in cholesteatoma.

Topic: Ion Channels and Receptors
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Description of Bursaphelenchus anamurius sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) from Pinus brutia in Turkey

Abstract Bursaphelenchus anamurius sp. n. isolated from wilted Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood is described. The new species shares several characters with the hofmanni-group sensu Braasch (2001). It is characterised by a body length of 633 (540-749) μm and 744 (638-867) μm for males and females, respectively, stout body (a = 29 in male and 27 in female), stylet 14 μm long in both males and females, lateral field with three lines, length of postuterine branch one-third to one-half of the vulva to anus distance, conoid female tail (c′ = 3.4) with a finely rounded or pointed terminus, very delicate and relatively straight spicules 10 (9-11) μm long with compact capitulum, broad, not distinctly offset condylus and strong rostrum with a more or less rounded tip lacking a cucullus, shovel-shaped bursa and the presence of seven caudal papillae. Bursaphelenchus anamurius sp. n. differs from other species of the hofmanni-group mainly by having smaller, unusually shaped spicules, shorter condylus and no cucullus. The new species can be differentiated from other Bursaphelenchus species morphologically and by means of ITS-RFLP patterns, particularly by digestion of the PCR product with RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, HinfI and AluI.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
STUDI INDEKS KUALITAS TANAH SERTA BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS AIR DI DAS MIKRO SISIM KOTA BATU

Landuse change causes the decrease of soil quality, so the hydrological and non-hydrological functions do not run optimally. Sisim Micro Watershed‘s area of ± 933.17 ha with a very steep slope has undergone major land-use changes. Soil Quality Index (SQI) analysis and water quality bioindicators are needed to assess the impact of land-use change. This study used 12 soil sampling plots, i.e. production forest (H2, H3, H4, H5), mixed gardens (KC2, KC3, KC4, KC5), and fields (T2, T3, T4, T5). The numbers behind the code indicate slope; 2 (slope 8-15%), 3 (slope 15-25%), 4 (slope 25-40%), and 5 (slope 40-60%). The results showed that dense vegetation and low intensity of tillage gave the best SQI. The highest SQI value was on H5 (0.63) with a good category, and the lowest was on T5 (0.32) with a bad category. The water quality bioindicator showed water pollution index of 1.97 (dirty water quality and rather heavily polluted). Soil quality which is dominated by low categories with high agricultural intensity and community waste disposal causes health condition of biotic habitats classified as unhealthy with a score of 1.90.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Joint models reveal genetic architecture of pubertal stage transitions and their association with BMI in admixed Chilean population

Abstract Early or late pubertal onset can lead to disease in adulthood, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, bone fractures, and psychopathologies. Thus, knowing the age at which puberty is attained is crucial as it can serve as a risk factor for future diseases. Pubertal development is divided into five stages of sexual maturation in boys and girls according to the standardized Tanner scale. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the “Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study” cohort composed of admixed children with mainly European and Native American ancestry. Using joint models that integrate time-to-event data with longitudinal trajectories of body mass index (BMI), we identified genetic variants associated with phenotypic transitions between pairs of Tanner stages. We identified $42$ novel significant associations, most of them in boys. The GWAS on Tanner $3\rightarrow 4$ transition in boys captured an association peak around the growth-related genes LARS2 and LIMD1 genes, the former of which causes ovarian dysfunction when mutated. The associated variants are expression and splicing Quantitative Trait Loci regulating gene expression and alternative splicing in multiple tissues. Further, higher individual Native American genetic ancestry proportions predicted a significantly earlier puberty onset in boys but not in girls. Finally, the joint models identified a longitudinal BMI parameter significantly associated with several Tanner stages’ transitions, confirming the association of BMI with pubertal timing.

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
81 – EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN FULL-THICKNESS TEARS AND IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the level of pre and 6 months post operative objective and subjective measures of disability between patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears and those with impingement syndrome/partial thickness rotator cuff tears. Method: This study involved a review of prospectively collected data from a consecutive series of patients who had undergone surgery related to rotator cuff pathology (acromioplasty with or without resection of clavicle for impingement syndrome/partial thickness rotator cuff tears or repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tears). Exclusion criteria included previous surgery, concomitant pathologies, and work-related injuries with an active compensation claim related to the shoulder. Standardized pre and post-operative data (history and clinical examination, including strength assessment) were collected. To measure symptoms and functional levels, all patients completed a disease-specific outcome measure, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index which explores five domains of physical symptoms, life style, work, sports, and emotions. Paired and independent non-parametric (Wilcoxon two sample tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests) statistics were used where normality of data were violated. Results: Three hundred and five patients (130 women and 175 men) with a mean age of 58 years (range, 21–82) met inclusion criteria. One hundred and ninety eight (65%) patients had full-thickness rotator cuff tears and 107(35%) had impingement [59 (55%)] or partial thickness rotator cuff tears [48 (45%)]. Patients with full-thickness tears complained of greater weakness, had a higher prevalence of a specific injury such as fall on an outstretched hand, and reported a higher frequency of insidious onset of pain. The full-thickness tear group was significantly weaker in elevation both pre and post-operatively. Patients with impingement syndrome expressed more severe symptoms and more emotional disability prior to surgery and had more physical disability related to lifting and performing activities of daily living and more emotional disability 6 months after surgery. Both groups showed a statistically significant improvement in overall pain, WORC score, and strength 6 months following surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the extent of rotator cuff pathology and level of physical and emotional disability do not necessarily correlate positively in the early phase of recovery. Patients with less severe rotator cuff pathology tend to be more disabled both before and after surgery. This needs to be considered when planning for return to work and other activities and when assessing treatment outcomes.

Topic: Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EFFECT OF THE TETRAHEDRAL CHARGE ON THE ORDER-DISORDER OF THE CATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE OCTAHEDRAL SHEET OF SMECTITES AND ILLITES BY COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Abstract—The order-disorder behavior of the isomorphous cation substitution of the octahedral sheet of phyllosilicates was investigated by Monte Carlo simulations based only on atomistic models in some three-species systems Al/Fe/Mg including a wide range of different octahedral compositions that can be relevant to clay compositions found in nature, especially for smectites and illites. In many cases, phase transitions do not occur, in that long-range order is not attained, but most systems exhibit short-range order at low temperature. The ordering of the octahedral cations is highly dependent on the cation composition. Variations in the tetrahedral charge (smectite vs. illite) produce slight differences in the cation distribution and the short-range and long-range order of octahedral cations do not change drastically. The average size of Fe clusters and the long-range order of Fe are not larger in illites than in smectites as previous reports concluded, but the proportion of Fe3+ cations non-clustered is higher in smectites than in illites. This behavior supports the experimental behavior of the Fe effect on the Al-NMR signal, which is lower in illites than in smectites.

Topic: Biological and pharmacological studies of plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Planar chirality and optical spin-orbit coupling for chiral Fabry-Perot cavities

We design, in a most simple way, Fabry-Perot cavities with longitudinal chiral modes by sandwiching between two smooth metallic silver mirrors a layer of polystyrene made planar chiral by torsional shear stress. We demonstrate that the helicity-preserving features of our cavities stem from a spin-orbit coupling mechanism seeded inside the cavities by the specific chiroptical features of planar chirality. Planar chirality gives rise to an extrinsic source of three-dimensional chirality under oblique illumination that endows the cavities with enantiomorphic signatures measured experimentally and simulated with excellent agreement. The simplicity of our scheme is particularly promising in the context of chiral cavity QED and polaritonic asymmetric chemistry.

Topic: Strong Light-Matter Interactions
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antiulcer activity of the stem bark aqueous extract of Croton oligandrum (Euphorbiaceae) against Ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Gastric ulcer is an alteration of the lining of the stomach with destruction of mucus-producing cells. Many factors are contributing to the development of peptic ulcer such as phygiological stress, high production of acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and alcohol consumption. Croton oligandrum is traditionally used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. This study aims to investigate the cytoprotective activity of Croton oligandrum. To assess the gastroprotective potential of Croton oligandrum ulcer models were established using ethanol and indomethacin. Sucralfate was used as reference anti-ulcer drugs. Rats were treated with Croton oligandrum before induction of gastric ulceration by ethanol/HCl or HCl-ethanol-Indomethacin. The area and ulcer index appearance of ulcers were quantified, and mucus was measured. Pretreatment with Croton oligandrum showed a remarkable decrease in ulcer area when compared with control groups. Croton oligandrum (50, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight) exhibited gastroprotective activity and prevented both gastric lesions induced in rats.

Topic: Bioactive Natural Diterpenoids Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Case of Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of the Ascending Colon with Rhabdoid Features

症例は75歳女性．右側腹部痛を主訴に受診し，同部位に圧痛を伴う腫瘤を認めた．腹部CT検査で上行結腸に約80mm大の腫瘤と口側腸管の拡張を認め，大腸腫瘍による腸閉塞と診断し入院となった．下部消化管内視鏡検査で上行結腸に全周性2型腫瘍を認め，生検で低分化型充実性癌と診断した．術前検査では遠隔転移を認めず，腹腔鏡下右半結腸切除術D3郭清を施行した．病理組織検査はT3N0M0，退形成の強い小円形細胞からなる充実性腫瘍で，免疫染色にてvimentin陽性，cytokeratin CAM5.2陽性であったためrhabdiod featureを呈した低分化型腺癌と診断した．同腫瘍は組織学的にvimentinが陽性となり，発生・発育進展は不明とされ，極めて悪性度が高く予後不良であると報告されている．大腸でrhabdoid featureを認めることは稀であるため報告する．

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Physician allocation system in Quebec inhibits recruitment

A ctizens' committee in southern Quebec is calling for a change to the way doctors are allocated within the province. “The doctor shortage in Brome-Missisquoi” — a county in the Eastern Townships, south of Montréal — “is one of the worst in the province,” says Dr. Robert Pincott, a

Topic: Global Health Workforce Issues
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences