jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of sample history, time, and temperature on the sorption of monomer vapor by PVC

Abstract The sorption of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) vapor by poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin powders has been studied as a function of time, VCM pressure, temperature, and previous PVC history. In fine powders, sorption occurs in two separable stages, a rapid Fickean diffusion and a slow relaxation-controlled process. Hysteresis in interval sorption-desorption experiments and variable resorption behavior can be related to the relaxation-controlled process. The amount of VCM sorbed shows a pronounced variation with postpolymerization thermal history of the PVC sample; this effect seems to result from the freezing-in of differing "hole volumes" under varied conditions of glassification. The heat of VCM sorption by glassy PVC, −4.3 kcal/mole, is nearly equal to the heat of condensation of VCM. The complex dependence of sorption behavior upon experimental variables can reasonably be interpreted as reflecting changes in hole volume with postpolymerization history.

Topic: Polymer Science and PVC
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Salvaging the image of the N'Dama breed: productivity evidence from village production systems in The Gambia

This paper summarises the productivities of N'Dama cattle in traditional production systems inthe Gambia and describes the responses in productivity achieved when nutritional interventions were applied. The studies were carried out at six sites where herd management patterns are similar. Cattle are released in the morning after milk extraction for grazing. Calves are allowed to graze around the tethering sites . During the dry season, animals roam freely. Milk offtake for human consumption was measured for individual cows once a month, starting one to two weeks after calving, and up to weaning of the calf. Cow and calf liveweights were also measured. From these data age at first calving, calving interval, calf weaning weight, weight at 12 months, growth rate, viability, body weight, lactation length and milk offtake were calculated. Performance traits were analysed. Factors investigated were herd, parity of cow, year and season of calving, or birth and sex of calf. The results of this study have demonstrated that when milk extracted from N'Dama for human consumption was taken into consideration, the overall productivity was superior to that of Zebu breeds maintained under similar traditional but tsetse-free systems. Nutritional supplementation to reduce the constraints of seasonal feed shortages could result in major increase in productivity.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
kilthub figshare

Provided by the University Libraries, KiltHub is the comprehensive institutional repository and research collaboration platform for research data and scholarly outputs produced by members of Carnegie Mellon University and their collaborators. KiltHub collects, preserves, and provides stable, long-term global open access to a wide range of research data and scholarly outputs created by faculty, staff, and student members of Carnegie Mellon University in the course of their research and teaching.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Effects of antigen-retrieval pretreatments for immunohistochemical detection of Akabane viral antigen

Effects of various antigen-retrieval pretreatment techniques for immunohistochemical detection of Akabane virus antigen were examined with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues taken from mice in- tracerebrally inoculated with the virus. The results indicated that no pretreatment is necessary for the detection of the antigen, and excessive enzymatic pretreatment of sections may lead to false-negative results.

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Precise isotopic determination of Hf and Pb at sub-nano gram levels by MC-ICP-MS employing a newly designed sample cone and a pre-amplifier with a 1012 ohm register

Precise isotopic determination methods for Hf and Pb at sub-nano gram levels have been undertaken for this contribution utilizing the Neptune multiple collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) with a newly designed sample cone (the Jet cone) and a new pre-amplifier with a highly-resistive register of 1012 ohm. The Jet cone enhanced sensitivities 1.6 and 3 times for Hf and Pb, respectively. The Jet cone showed no significant improvements in reproducibility of Hf isotope analysis at >1 ng compared to the normal cone, but the reproducibility improved considerably by half when Hf concentration of <1 ng was measured. Thus, 0.3 and 0.8 ng of Hf can yield reproducibility (2SD in ε-unit) of 3 and 1.7, respectively. Reproducibility (RSD) of 207Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb were 0.026, 0.28, 0.33 and 0.36% using total Pb of 0.025 ng, and 0.02, 0.10, 0.10 and 0.08% using 0.05 ng, respectively. Thus, the Jet cone with the new pre-amplifier showed the best performance compared to the normal cone and pre-amplifier and are similar or even better than those obtained by the 202Pb-205Pb double-spike TIMS or multi-ion counting ICP-MS techniques.

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fast sweeping reflectometry upgrade on Tore Supra

In order to study the temporal dynamics of turbulence, the sweep time of our reflectometry has been shortened from 20 to 2 μs with 1 μs dead time. Detailed technical aspects of the upgrade are given, namely, about the stability of the ramp generation, the detection setup, and the fast acquisition module. A review of studies (velocity measurement of the turbulence, modifications of the wavenumber spectrum, radial mapping of correlation time, etc.) offered by such improvements is presented.

Topic: Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Play It Back a Next Way: Teaching Brodber Teaching Us

This essay focuses on the densely interdisciplinary nature of Erna Brodber's textual knowledge production, its visionary quality, and the complex narrative strategies of her fictions that bear comparison with those of Wilson Harris. Mapping the scaffolding of Brodber's formal aesthetic, and her ethical and ideological frameworks, assists in navigating the rich terrain of her work. The generic fusions that comprise Brodber's writing style demand a negotiation between philosophy and discourses of therapy and healing that her fiction must serve. Attending to these fusions one can make out patterns in her fictions that reiterate/rehearse specific central concerns.This article offers ways of engaging with the initially challenging writing because of her conviction that Brodber has so much to teach us. Discussing some of these challenges, it draws on Brodber's fiction and nonfiction, both of which insist readers learn to read in a new way. The reward is attainment of a transformative vision that shares Harris's commitment to revising, recreating, and redefining history.

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Weed Management Studies in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Through New Herbicide Molecule Aclonifen 600 SC under Climate Changing Era

Changing climate aggregates, the problem of weed management by rapid weed flora shift and resistance development. In these conditions, the best option is to use new herbicide molecules with a diverse mode of action and a wider application time window. Thus, an herbicidal trial was conducted during the Rabi 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with 8 treatments viz., control (W1), aclonifen 600SC @ 1.05 kg a.i./ha PE (W2) and early POE (W5),aclonifen 600SC @ 1.2 kg a.i./ha PE (W3) and early POE (W6), pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1.25 kg a.i./ha PE (W4), sulfosulfuron 75% WG @ 0.025 kg a.i./ha POE (W7), Farmer practice-2 hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS (W8) and replicated thrice. Among different treatments aclonifen 600 SC @ 1.25 kg a.i./ha as pre and early post-emergence applied treatments recorded minimum weed density, weed dry matter production, highest weed control efficiency and crop persistence index. The same treatments registered better crop growth performance, and profitable yields.

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The effectiveness of energy labels in improving sustainability of the building stock

From 2006, all European member states will be required to run a compulsory energy-labelling scheme which will come into effect whenever a building changes hands. In its current form this energy label, as prescribed by the EC Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings, is merely a communicative instrument which is designed to provide the owner with information on the energy consumption of the building. It will not impose standards or requirements for energy efficiency. The effectiveness of communicative instruments as a means of changing behaviour is, however, often disputed, the argument being that they only work if they fill a gap in the knowledge needed for decision-making. This paper aims to ascertain how far knowledge about the energy efficiency of a building influences purchase and rental decisions and how far the information on the energy label contributes to decisions to renovate the building. Besides providing a theoretical analysis, we shall quote experience from Denmark, where compulsory energy labelling for buildings was introduced in 1997, and from the Netherlands, where a voluntary energy-labelling scheme was introduced at the end of the 1990s.

Topic: Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multiport Interface Converter with an Energy Storage for Nanogrids

Nanogrid is a small-scale microgrid that consists of loads, sources and storages interfaced with power electronic converters. Conventionally, the droop control provides power sharing. To establish autonomous operation with stable voltage and reliable power quality, an energy management system (EMS) in the form of a bidirectional multiport converter with energy storage at the PCC is used. Unlike typical approach, this paper proposes an EMS concept for nanogrids based on a single grid-forming voltage source. This allows using a simple voltage control algorithm instead of the droop control; in addition, it is compatible with all conventional power electronic interfaces. The EMS concept, its operation modes and control strategies are described. Some case studies are presented and analyzed by computer simulations.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of nickel chloride on mouse T-lymphocyte subsets.

The study was carried out to observe the effect of nickel chloride (NiCl2) on T-lymphocyte subsets, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratios in vivo. BALB/C mice were injected i.p. with NiCl2 every other day for 2 w. The NiCl2 doses were 1, 3, 6, 9 or 12 mg/kg. Lymphocytes were obtained from mouse spleen and cultured in the presence of monoclonal antibody FITC conjugated, anti-CD4 or anti-CD8. Samples were determined with a flow cytometer. A suppressive effect on CD4-positive cells was found in the 6 mg/kg group, but this subset was restored to the control level in the 9 and 12 mg/kg groups, suggesting that there was an "immune tolerance" effect. No significant changes were found in CD8-positive cells and CD4/CD8 ratios. The results suggested the NiCl2 had a deleterious effect on mouse T-lymphocytes in short-term in vivo exposure, but the effects may depend on the dose and cell subset.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reaction of Bis(dimethylglyoximato)(pyridine)styrylcobalt(III) Derivatives with Arenesulfenyl Chloride

Abstract cis-Styryl and trans-styryl-type cobaloximes, having a para-substituent on the styrene moiety, give the corresponding cis- and trans-(styrylthio) benzene derivatives in excellent yields by the reaction with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride. The substitution proceeds stereospecifically with retention of configuration except for the case of cis(p-cyanostyryl) cobaloxime.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Performance and stability analysis of buffered R-ALOHA systems using tagged user approach (TUA)

This paper uses the tagged user approach (TUA) to analyse R-ALOHA systems with propagation delay, finite buffer capacity and finite user population. The system stability, throughput, message delay and message blocking probability are studied. It is assumed that each message comprises a random number of packets that have a general distribution, and each user have a finite buffer capacity. To maintain the fairness to all users, it is assumed that each message in the buffer is transmitted independently, that is, a user has to release the reserved slot after finishing the transmission of the message even if it has other messages waiting in the buffer. It is straightforward to extend the analysis to R-ALOHA systems with infinite buffer capacity. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by simulation.

Topic: Wireless Networks and Protocols
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Relationship between Low-Level Jet Properties and Turbulence Kinetic Energy in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer

In the nighttime stable boundary layer (SBL), shear and turbulence are generated in the layer between the maximum of the low-level jet (LLJ) and the earth’s surface. Here, it is investigated whether gross properties of the LLJ—its height and speed—could be used to diagnose turbulence intensities in this subjet layer. Data on the height and speed of the LLJ maximum were available at high vertical and temporal resolution using the high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL). These data were used to estimate a subjet layer shear, which was computed as the ratio of the speed to the height of the jet maximum, and a jet Richardson number Ri J, averaged at 15min intervals for 10 nights when HRDL LLJ data were available for this study. The shear and RiJ values were compared with turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) values measured near the top of the 60-m tower at the Cooperative Atmosphere‐Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) main site. TKE values were small for RiJ greater than 0.4, but as Ri J decreased to less than ;0.4, TKE values increased, indicating that Ri J does have merit in estimating turbulence magnitudes. Another interesting finding was that shear values tended to cluster around a constant value of 0.1 s 21 for TKE values that were not too small, that is, for TKE greater than ;0.1 m2 s 22.

Topic: Wind and Air Flow Studies
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis and reactions of 7-hydrazonocephalosporanates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of 7-hydrazonocephalosporanatesJ. C. Sheehan, Y. S. Lo, and D. R. PonziCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 6, 1012–1015Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00426a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00426a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Organophosphorus compounds synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nano Enhanced Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants for Improving Osseointegration and Biocompatibility

Dental implants are prone to bacterial colonisation and infection which subsequently cause dental implant failure. Coating the dental implant with an antibacterial agent and a biocompatible agent can inhibit the bacterial colonisation and infection without disturbing the biocompatibility of the implant. This study aimed to coat medical grade titanium alloy implants with silver and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. The reason for using silver was to introduce antibacterial activity to the coated dental implants; and then using HA to preserve biocompatibility and manage the silver exposure of the primary human osteoblast cells. Medical grade titanium alloy discs measuring 15 mm in diameter were polished and silver plated to produce a uniform layer of silver nanoparticles on the surface. The electroplating method was followed by nano or micro HA deposition and curing at 500 °C to produce an HA coating and thereby achieving nano silver plus nano HA (Ag+nHA ), or nano silver plus micro HA (Ag+mHA), coatings on titanium alloy. The coating quality was assessed by electron microscopy. The bonding strength of the coating was investigated by the pull-off test and chemical stability in the cell culture media was studied by conducting dialysis and dissolution experiments. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the biocompatibility of the coatings with primary human osteoblast cells over 7 days, cell health was assessed using biochemistry and microscopy. A differentiation experiment was conducted for 21 days to investigate the osteoblast cell mineralisation on the coatings and gene expression profile of the cells. Results showed that the specimens were successfully coated with nano silver and HA particles. The pull-off test showed that the coatings had reasonable bonding strength to the substrate. Dialysis and dissolution experiments showed that the coatings were stable in the cell culture media despite some silver release from the coatings. The biocompatibility experiments showed that there was a consistent amount of silver release (1-2 mg L-1) from the silver containing specimens. The human primary osteoblast cells were healthier on Ag+nHA compared to Ag and Ag+mHA over 7 days. The differentiation experiment showed that there was a constant silver supply over 21 days from all silver containing coatings. Cell viability over 21 days was significantly higher in Ag+nHA compared to Ag and Ag+mHA (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the cells were mineralised and produced Ca2+ and P in all the treatments. In conclusion, Ag+nHA was more biocompatible compared to Ag and Ag+mHA and can have a potential for clinical use.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correction to “Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China”

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China"Yifei WangYifei WangMore by Yifei Wang, Lu LiuLu LiuMore by Lu Liu, Xueqi QiaoXueqi QiaoMore by Xueqi Qiao, Mei SunMei SunMore by Mei Sun, Junyu GuoJunyu GuoMore by Junyu Guo, Jianbo Zhang*Jianbo Zhang*Email: [email protected]More by Jianbo Zhang, and Bu ZhaoBu ZhaoMore by Bu ZhaoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58, 2, 1422Publication Date (Web):January 2, 2024Publication History Received14 December 2023Published online2 January 2024Published inissue 16 January 2024https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c10557https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10557correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2024 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (894 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Applications of a novel hemodynamic model to functional brain studies with fNIRS and fMRI

We report time-domain applications of a new hemodynamic model by Fantini [1] that yields analytic expressions for signals that are measurable with hemodynamic-based neuroimaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show how the model can be used to predict the perturbations in cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood flow (CBF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) that account for the initial dip and post-stimulus undershoot that have been reported in the fMRI and fNIRS literature. Furthermore, we have used data from the literature to perform a comparison between measured fNIRS and fMRI signals and the corresponding signals predicted by the new hemodynamic model. Results showed an excellent agreement between the model predictions and the reported measured data.

Topic: Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Citizen Science in the Digital Age: Rhetoric, Science, and Public Engagement

Thousands of people have contributed their free time to Galaxy Zoo, using the online platform to study images of galaxies and classify them based on their spiral arms and shape. Galaxy Zoo particip...

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences