jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Host-immune responses to RSV infection and associated lung injury is modulated by Osteopontin (OPN) in age-dependent fashion

Abstract RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia causes significant mortality in young infants every year. The survivors become susceptible to asthma. In our present study, using a mouse model of BALB/C and NKT−/− mice, we examined the pulmonary responses to RSV infection in the very young hosts as opposed to relatively older hosts. We also examined the effects of exogenous osteopontin (OPN) administration on the alveolar cellular constitution by direct microscopy and flowcytometry and the role of NKT cells in this process. Pulmonary damage was assessed by measuring the Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the BALF by ELISA and histopathological examination by microscopy. Microscopy revealed a decreased lymphocyte response in the bronchoalevolar lavage fluid (BALF) of RSV-infected-4-day- old pups as compared to that of -14- and -20-day-old mice; but an enhanced neutrophil response, which was associated with increased LDH levels. Flowcytometry revealed that administration of OPN had downregulatory effects on lung lymphocyte (CD4+ and CD8+) responses in all age groups with proportional upregulation of lung macrophage (CD11bmed/hi, CD11Clo/−) responses. This effect was less pronounced in the older age groups. Additionally, activation of macrophages, as indicated by MHCII expression, was NKT dependent. Moreover, RSV- infection significantly inhibited lung CD8+ T cell activation as indicated by decreased CD44 expression, which was recovered by OPN administration. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of RSV-infection induced differential immune responses and OPN-mediated differential immunomodulation in different age groups may help develop newer therapeutic strategies.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical Variability and Anti‐inflammatory activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Essential Oil from Algerian Sahara

The chemical composition of 71 oil samples from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L., harvested in three provinces: Naâma (Western Algeria), Béchar and Adrar (Algerian Sahara), was investigated by GC-FID, GC/MS and

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Theory of the Acoustic de Haas-van Alphen Effect

The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations of the magnetostrictions and the elastic constants are investigated theoretically. The electron band with orthorhombic symmetry is treated in the effective mass approximation. For ω s τ≪1 with the sound-wave angular frequency ω s and the electron life time τ, Landau orbitals are formed in a deformed metal without affecting local ion motions. In this static approximation to the ion motion, the free energy of the electron-lattice system is calculated as a function of strains. This free energy reveals the acoustic dHvA oscillations and proves that their amplitudes strongly depend on both the direction of an applied magnetic field and the strain mode. It is emphasized that the present acoustic dHvA effect can be a good probe into the electronic properties of metals such as the Fermi surface and the electron-lattice coupling.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation of solar spectral irradiance measurements using the spectral matching ratio

The spectral matching ratio (SMR) is an index used to classify the direct solar spectrum based on the relative difference between the spectrum under study and the reference AM1.5 spectrum. This paper evaluates the spectral conditions of a location characterized by a hot semi-arid climate (i.e. BSh by Köppen and Geiger climate classification) using a dataset of several months and the SMR index as a criterion. This is essential to draw conclusions about the spectrum distribution and hence, the applicability of specific photovoltaic (PV) technologies in the particular location. The main atmospheric parameters influencing the solar spectrum were simultaneously registered and an investigation of the SMR as a function of airmass at different aerosol optical depth and precipitable water levels is also performed.

Topic: Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
sj-pdf-2-epx-10.1177_08959048221127989 – Supplemental material for Does ESSA Assure the Use of Evidence-based Educational Practices?

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-epx-10.1177_08959048221127989 for Does ESSA Assure the Use of Evidence-based Educational Practices? by Yuan Chang Ginsberg, Fiona M. Hollands, Venita R. Holmes, Robert Shand, Pamela Evans, Ryan Blodgett, Yixin Wang and Laura Head in Educational Policy

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The shifting structure of emotion semantics across immigrant generations

Cross-cultural evidence shows that the semantic domain of emotion words is organized along two dimensions: valence (pleasantness vs. unpleasantness) vs. arousal (low vs. high). However, collectivist cultures may bias their members to favor valence as valuable cues for interpreting social phenomena, whereas individualist cultures may bias their members to attend to somasthetic arousal to interpret intrapersonal states. This chapter presents evidence that over generational time immigrant bilinguals from a collectivist culture (Mexico) to an individualist culture (the US) de-emphasize valence contrasts in the semantic domain of emotions in their first language (Spanish) and increase their emphasis on arousal contrasts. Thus, over generational time, the structure of first language emotion semantic space shifts in the direction of the majority culture.

Topic: Cultural Differences and Values
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Houses, Halls, and Occupation in Britain and Ireland

Traditionally, the study of houses and domestic life has been given less prominence in the study of the Neolithic in Britain and Ireland than in other parts of Europe. Since the 1990s, however, increasing evidence for houses and settlements has been recognized. This chapter outlines the incredible variety of house forms and settlement types from the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland, from the stone houses and villages of Orkney, to timber buildings in Ireland and Scotland, and evidence for settlement in England will also be reviewed. This evidence is placed within its social and economic context.

Topic: Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Turkish named entity recognition with deep learning

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in Natural Language Processing, Data Mining and Information Extraction areas since 1990's. While NER is a succesfully solved problem in English, it is still a hot topic in agglutinative languages like Turkish, Czech, Finnish languages. With the scope of this study we focus on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) neural network models to solve NER problem. We suggest a succesful implementation of Deep Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (DBLSTM) which reaches %93.69 F1 score, which is state-of-the-art result for Named Entity Recognition in Turkish.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A feasible work-piece placement method for contact-type operations

A method to find a feasible work-piece location for a given desired task-space trajectory is presented in this paper. By making use of the operational space control framework [1], this paper proposes a method to assist the search of the work-piece location with respect to the robot in such a way that the path reachability is always guaranteed. The method proposed in this work does not require the solutions of the inverse kinematics problem, thus, this method is expected to have more flexibility and generality in practice. In addition, since the internal robot posture can be controlled through the null-space controller, optimization of the work-piece placement could be achieved by imposing artificial constrains at the robot joints/links. Simulation is provided to show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
First record of ascomata of <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> on winter‐grown oilseed rape in Denmark

The ascomata of Leptosphaeria maculans were observed for the first time in Denmark in 1991. Morphological data and cultural characteristics were consistent with previously published data.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Advances in Research of Legionella

The Legionella is one type of Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, which can be used as bioweapons and often caused acute infection of respiratory tract. Now, more and more attentions are being paid to Legionella, because the potential of prevalent outbreak and threaten to human health. The etiology, pathogenesis mechanism, detection technology, epidemiology, prevention and control of Legionella were reviewed in this paper.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour and gut microbiota in mice

This study explored the effects of the degree of lipid saturation on depressive behaviour and gut microbiota in mice. Thirty-two mice were divided into normal (N), Prozac (NP), lard (L) and fish oil (F) groups. After a 12-week dietary intervention, the open field test (OFT) and the forced swim test (FST) were conducted before sacrifice. The mice in the L group exhibited anxiety-like behaviours in the OFT and depressive-like behaviours in the FST. A significant difference was observed in β-diversity indices between the L group and the F group. The abundance of <i>Allobaculum</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> was significantly higher in the F group than in the L and N groups. The prefrontal cortex fatty acid composition was altered in various lipid-treated groups and was highly correlated with depressive-like behaviours. In conclusion, the degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour, gut microbiota composition, and the prefrontal cortex fatty acid profile in mice.

Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
REPORTING THAT IN TRANSLATED ENGLISH. EVIDENCE FOR SUBCONSCIOUS PROCESSES OF EXPLICITATION?

This paper sets out to provide evidence of explicitation in translation into English through an analysis of patterns of inclusion and omission of optional that with the reporting verbs SAY and TELL. The notion of explicitation in the context of translation is first introduced and explained. An overview of the literature relating to that-clauses in English is then given, and this forms the basis for subsequent data analysis. The sources of the data to be analysed are briefly described: the TEC (Translational English Corpus) providing us with translated English, and the BNC (British National Corpus) containing original English. On the basis of a comparison of concordance data from the two corpora, quantitative results serve to illustrate the marked differences in use of that and zero with forms of SAY and TELL. Thus it is shown that the that-connective is far more frequent in TEC than in BNC, and conversely that the zero-connective is more frequent for all forms of both verbs in the BNC corpus than in TEC. A detailed investigation of the instances of occurrence of that/zero constructions in both corpora attempts to categorise, compare and contrast patterns of occurrence, and provides potential starting points for further research of this nature.

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Turning Channel Noise Into an Accelerator for Over-the-Air Principal Component Analysis

The enormous data distributed at the network edge and ubiquitous connectivity have led to the emergence of the new paradigm of distributed machine learning and large-scale data analytics. Distributed principal component analysis (PCA) concerns finding a low-dimensional subspace that contains the most important information of high-dimensional data distributed over the network edge. The subspace is useful for distributed data compression and feature extraction. This work advocates the application of over-the-air federated learning to efficient implementation of distributed PCA in a wireless network under a data-privacy constraint, termed AirPCA. The design features the exploitation of the waveform-superposition property of a multi-access channel to realize over-the-air aggregation of local subspace updates computed and simultaneously transmitted by devices to a server, thereby reducing the multi-access latency. The original drawback of this class of techniques, namely channel-noise perturbation to uncoded analog modulated signals, is turned into a mechanism for escaping from saddle points during stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the AirPCA algorithm. As a result, the convergence of the AirPCA algorithm is accelerated. To materialize the idea, descent speeds in different types of descent regions are analyzed mathematically using martingale theory by accounting for wireless propagation and techniques including broadband transmission, over-the-air aggregation, channel fading and noise. The results reveal the accelerating effect of noise in saddle regions and the opposite effect in other types of regions. The insight and results are applied to designing an online scheme for adapting receive signal power to the type of current descent region. Specifically, the scheme amplifies the noise effects in saddle regions by reducing signal power and applies the power savings to suppressing the effects in other regions. From experiments using real datasets, such power control is found to accelerate convergence while achieving the same convergence accuracy as in the ideal case of centralized PCA. IEEE

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Focal adhesion kinase overexpression and its impact on human osteosarcoma

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. We sought to examine the expression patterns of FAK and the activated form, phosphorylated FAK (pFAK), in human osteosarcoma and to investigate the correlation of FAK expression with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. In addition, the functional consequence of manipulating the FAK protein level was investigated in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect FAK and pFAK in pathologic archived materials from 113 patients with primary osteosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognoses. The role of FAK in the cytological behavior of MG63 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines was studied via FAK protein knock down with siRNA. Cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis were assessed using the CCK8, Transwell and Annexin V/PI staining methods. Both FAK and pFAK were overexpressed in osteosarcoma. There were significant differences in overall survival between the FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK- groups (P = 0.016), the FAK+/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P = 0.012) and the FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P < 0.001). There were similar differences in metastasis-free survival between groups. The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the FAK expression profile was an independent indicator of both overall and metastasis-free survival. SiRNA-based knockdown of FAK not only dramatically reduced the migration and invasion of MG63 and 143B cells, but also had a distinct effect on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. These results collectively suggest that FAK overexpression and phosphorylation might predict more aggressive biologic behavior in osteosarcoma and may be an independent predictor of poor prognosis.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tissue compliance meter for objective, quantitative documentation of soft tissue consistency and pathology.

A new instrument is described, the tissue compliance meter (TCM), for quantitative and objective recording of soft tissue consistency. This quality is appreciated at present only by the subjective method of palpation. Use of the TCM therefore offers a method to quantify palpation of tissue consistency and to document findings objectively. The handheld instrument allows immediate and simple reading of the depth of penetration of a rubber disc at a known pressure. The relation between the achieved penetration and employed pressure expresses the compliance. The TCM consists of a rubber disc with the surface of 1 cm2 attached to a force gauge. The depth of penetration of the rubber tip is indicated by a disc which slides on the shaft of the force gauge. Normal values were established for men and women over muscles which are frequently affected by spasm. Tissue compliance measurement can document changes in soft tissue consistency which occur in muscle spasm, spasticity, swelling, tumors, lumps, hematomas, etc. Use of the TCM provides the most sensitive and earliest objective indication of either healing and resolution in soft tissue pathology or occurrence of complications. Changes in muscle tone such as reduction of spasm, tension, or spasticity can be recorded. The effects of different types of physical therapy can thus be documented objectively.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation of Group Counseling Assisted by Simulation Games at the MGBK SMP in Banyuwangi

Abstract The implementation of this community service activity is to improve the competence of group counseling services assisted by simulation games at MGBK SMP in Banyuwangi. The implementation of this community service, the structured learning approach (SLA) is intended to improve understanding and application of expected competencies. The activities start from (1) the preparation stage, namely the procedure for preparing the activities to be carried out, (2) the implementation stage for the implementation of group counseling skills training activities with the help of simulation games, (3) Evaluation and Follow Up which is carried out comprehensively including guidelines for observing the implementation of community service, interview guidelines, and questionnaire instruments for group counseling skills competency assisted by simulation games. As for the results of the post-test for improving group counseling skills competency assisted by simulation games, it shows that there has been rapid progress for the participants of the activity, as shown by the results of more than 50% of participants being at level 8 and above or very good achievement. Keywords:Group counseling; simulation games; BK teacher; junior high school; training Abstrak Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pelayanan konseling kelompok berbantuan permainan simulasi pada MGBK SMP di Banyuwangi. Pelaksanaan pengabdian ini, pendekatan pembelajaran terstruktur (SLA) juga dikenal sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran terstruktur dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman, contoh, dan penerapan kompetensi yang diharapkan. Adapun kegiatan dimulai dari (1) tahap persiapan yaitu prosedur untuk mempersiapkan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, (2) Tahap Pelaksanaan untuk kegiatan pelaksanaan pelatihan keterampilan konseling kelompok dengan bantuan permainan simulasi, (3) Evaluasi Dan Follow Up yang dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh meliputi pedoman observasi pelaksanaan pengabdian, pedoman wawancara, dan instrumen kuesioner kompetensi keterampilan konseling kelompok berbantuan permainan simulasi. Adapun untuk hasil post-test peningkatkan kompetensi keterampilan konseling kelompok berbantuan permainan simulasi menunjukkan bahwa ada kemajuan yang pesat bagi peserta kegiatan ditunjukkan dengan hasil 50% lebih peserta berada di angkat 8 keatas atau cakupan sangat baik. Kata kunci: Group counseling; simulation games; BK teacher; junior high school; training

Topic: Child Development and Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Iris detector for tumoral masses identification in mammograms

Radiologists that analyze screening mammographic images miss the 10-20% of the diagnosis since this kind of images are very difficult to interpret. In this paper, we present the first step of a CADx (computer aided diagnosis) system that, from the original mammogram, extracts suspicious regions on which the radiologists have to focus their attention. The procedure often successes also in case of very low contrast, because it depends only on the orientation of the gradient vectors in the image but not on their amplitude.

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Dramatic Story of Hope and Reality

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation seemed to be so promising for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Advanced breast cancer was a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Though responses were frequent, long-term remissions were generally uncommon, and median survival was perceived to be short. Conventional-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy were inadequate and surgery of limited practicality. Attemptstoimproveoutcomefocusedonthegrowingbodyof evidence at that time that increased dose intensity could overcome inherent tumor resistance, particularly with alkylating agents. A strong relationship of dose to response was demonstrated both in vitro and in early clinical trials in various solid tumors, but, ultimately, dose escalation was limited by bone marrow destruction and the resultant increased likelihood of infection and bleeding. The 1980s saw the development and accessibility of the necessary technology of hematopoietic stem-cell collection, cryopreservation, and storage. Advances in supportive care for patients with prolonged cytopenia and transient organ dysfunction also allowed for the widespread use of high-dose alkylating agent regimens and autologous stem-cell transplantation. This approach was applied to various chemotherapyresponsive malignancies, particularly leukemia, lymphoma, germ cell cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Preliminary results showed high response rates, even in patients with relapsed and chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer, with relatively low rates of morbidity and mortality when the dismal prognosis of this group of patients was taken into consideration. A number of prominent cancer centers began to focus on this approach for breast cancer, and a number of moderately sized phase II trials were reported suggesting long-term survival that appeared superior to reported historical data. The degree of evidence for benefit was at least as extensiveasmanypriorestablishedtherapies,andhigh-dosechem

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences