jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bhaktapur Urban Flood related Disaster Risk and Strategy after 2018

The urbanization led urban flooding phenomenon of the Hanumante River over the last few decades is the subject of this article. The river flows in the middle of the Bhaktapur District and connects with all municipalities. Its catchment area is 97km². The data offers deeper insights into sources, causes and impacts of the flood. All stakeholders are aware of their roles and responsibilities during the disaster. However, affected people have limited understanding and knowledge about the flood and remain in fear of another flood every year. The major cause of floods in the district is incessant rain and urbanization leads to the inundation of various low lying areas. However, increased urbanization, lack of proper planning and encroachment of river are supplementary causes of floods. Floods can be predicted and mitigated with appropriate information, tools and techniques by responsible agencies. Often disasters are a failure of responsible agencies to act timely and to understand the environmental changes and the urban push. Inundation is becoming a common phenomenon for urban people in most cities.

Topic: Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplemental Table 1 from Causal Effects of Breast Cancer Risk Factors across Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1 shows a summary results of the previous observational studies which have been done on established breast cancer subtype-specific risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The History Component of the DSpace&amp;#x2122; Institutional Repository

Systems which provide a basis for digital preservation within a trusted digital repository must be able to systemically generate and record information about significant activities undertaken upon materials under stewardship. This paper describes the history component of the DSpace&#x2122; institutional repository system, which offers an information model suitable for recording such information, and generates metadata which describes how the content and metadata associated with works within the system change over time.DSpace is an open-source software platform originally developed by HP Labs and MIT Libraries that provides the basic functionality required to operate an institutional digital repository. The system is intended to serve as a base for future development to address long term preservation and access issues. An instance of the system has been deployed in production at MIT Libraries since November 2002, where it serves as the basis of MIT Libraries' digital preservation service offering. DSpace has included a history component since its deployment at MIT and release as open-source software. The DSpace history component has since been extended as part of the SIMILE Project to strengthen the underlying information model, and to include networked access and query capability.This paper describes the history component of the DSpace institutional repository system: the motivation for the history component, the functionality of the history component; the information model which underpins the metadata which it generates; architecture and design tradeoffs encountered during its development; lessons learned having undertaken the work to date; and areas for future work.

Topic: Digital and Traditional Archives Management
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The historical development of the Civil Law tradition in China: a private law perspective

Abstract While Chinese law occupies a sui generis position, namely, East Asian law, it is generally acknowledged that Chinese law comfortably wears the dress of civil law. The Chinese civil law tradition finds its historical roots in the late Qing Dynasty (1902–1911). Long before Alan Watson's magisterial book on the legal transplant, China experimented with importing foreign law. More to the point, the newly enacted Chinese Property Code, in effect for more than two years still has this feature. The new property code is an evolution rather than a revolution, since it is little more than an organic development of the existing law. Consequently, one would expect to find in the new legislation many traces of its past history. It is worth noting that any legal development is not a complete break with its past. Chinese law is no exception. A historical perspective exploring the origin of the traditions of civil law is both necessary and useful for it can shed light on the direction of the future development of Chinese private law.

Topic: Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bile acid profile in healthy pregnant women and patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

&lt;p&gt;Results are expressed as mean ± SD, P-level indicates statistical significance using Mann-Whitney test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CA (cholic acid), CDCA (chenodeoxycholic acid), DCA (deoxycholic acid), UDCA (&lt;b&gt;ursodeoxycholic acid&lt;/b&gt;), GCA (glycocholic acid), GCDCA (glycochenodeoxycholic acid), GDCA (glycodeoxycholic acid), GLCA (glycolithocholic acid), GUCDA (glycoursoeodeoxycholic acid), TCA (taurocholic acid), TCDCA (taurochenodeoxycholic acid), TDCA (taurodeoxycholic acid), TLA (taurolithocholic acid), and TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid). Bile acids species are expressed as µM.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Study on the postnatal neurobehavioral development in rats treated prenatally with drugs acting on the autonomic nervous systems.

The drugs used were methamphetamine, reserpine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, propranolol, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, pilocarpine and atropine. Each drug except for reserpine (days 7-13 and 14-19 of gestation) was administered subcutaneously to dams from day 7 to 19 of gestation. The body weight gain of dams receiving reserpine (days 7-13) and haloperidol was inhibited during the gestation period. Two out of 9 dams receiving methamphetamine died on day 21 of gestation period; However, no effect was observed in dams given other drugs. The body weight gain of pups was inhibited in methamphetamine and haloperidol treated groups. The mortality of pups was comparable in all groups. The behavioral development of the righting reflex, cliff drop avoidance and negative geotaxis of pups given reserpine (days 7-13), norepinephrine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol was significantly retarded in comparison with that of control pups. The spontaneous motor activity of pups measured by Animex was increased in reserpine (days 7-13) and epinephrine treated groups and decreased in the chlorpromazine treated group on day 28 postpartum, but comparable in all groups on day 56 postpartum. The conditioned avoidance responses using the shuttle box revealed deficits of avoidance learning of pups in the reserpine (days 7-13), norepinephrine and atropine treated groups. These findings suggest that the prenatal exposure to drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system may produce adverse effects on the behavioral development of pups; However, the adverse effects were more apparent by postnatal exposure than by prenatal exposure.

Topic: Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prices of Highway Resurfacing Projects in Economic Downturn: Lessons Learned and Strategies Forward

It was observed that economic downturns were typically associated with oil price shocks. Based on historical construction data from highway resurfacing projects in Kentucky, this paper investigates the relationship between oil price, Kentucky diesel price index (KDPI), Kentucky asphalt price index (KAPI), and construction cost of highway resurfacing projects. It was found that the bidding price of a commonly used asphalt mixture was significantly affected by four factors: KDPI, KAPI, number of bidders, and a recession factor primarily attributable to the “sticky prices” effect. The KDPI and KAPI can be estimated from the oil price by regression models. The sensitivity of the asphalt mixture and resurfacing project costs to oil price variation was analyzed. On the basis of the analysis result, it is suggested that the highway agencies may avoid the oil price peak typically preceding a recession and take advantage of the oil price plunge after the recession starts. However, in the long run, the agencies and the highway construction industry need to find a solution that is less dependent on oil products.

Topic: Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of non-verbal body language on sport performance in professional tennis

The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between players´ non-verbal body language and their performance in sport. The sample consists of a total of 477 actions from 40 players competing in the ATP Tour. All actions were taken from tie-breaks in official tournaments. The categories that were analyzed were previous performance, dominant non-verbal body language, submissive non-verbal body language, and performance later on. Results show how the players´ non verbal body language impacts on their performance later on. Thus, we can conclude that following dominant non-verbal body language, the probabilities of better performance in the next point are greater than following submissive non-verbal body language. Therefore, it is important to train these aspects as an extra tool to improve players´ performance.

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Insecticidal Effect of Phosphine on Eggs of the Khapra Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Abstract Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most important quarantine pests of stored grains. Control of this insect species can be achieved through a gaseous insecticide, phosphine. Many studies focus on the effect of phosphine on different developmental stages of insects, with most of them highlighting eggs as the most tolerant stage. Our data showed that 2-d-old eggs of T. granarium are more susceptible than 1-d-old eggs. Faster hatching was observed in eggs exposed to phosphine for 2 d compared to controls and the result was more pronounced for 1-d-old than 2-d-old eggs. In contrast to the 2-d exposure, hatching rates of eggs exposed to 4 and 6 d were notably reduced, while there was a delay in egg hatching compared to controls. Moreover, larval development from untreated eggs was faster than the larvae from treated eggs, regardless of the exposure time. These dissimilar patters in larval growth may suggest certain delayed effects of phosphine fumigation. The results of the present work can be further utilized for the development of phosphine-based quarantine and pre-shipment treatments for the control of T. granarium.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Lebanon: re-emergence of an important neglected tropical disease

Abstract Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent neglected tropical disease among externally displaced people in the Middle East. In recent years, the Lebanese population has increased &gt;30%, mainly due to a mass influx of Syrian migrants, thousands of them carrying CL, among other infectious diseases. Here we revisit the current CL prevalence among refugees in northern Lebanon. Methods This cohort study was conducted at the Al Bashaer Medical Center in north Lebanon between January and June 2017. A total of 48 randomly selected suspected CL patients were clinically diagnosed by dermatologists and samples were obtained for microscopic examination and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The treatment response to antimonials was assessed each week and was followed for up 6 months. Results Leishmania tropica was the predominant species (91.7%) followed by Leishmania major (8.3%). Confirmed cases were treated with one to two courses of antimonials and healing was usually achieved after receiving a second course of treatment. Importantly, we show evidence of possible local CL transmission by indigenous sandflies in three separate patients who had no history of recent travel to Syria. Conclusions This highlights the urgent necessity to implement preventive disease strategies to avoid further dispersion of L. tropica CL in north Lebanon.

Topic: Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Complicated by Hemorrhage, Diagnosed by Computerized Tomography Scan

Emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated by a perirenal hematoma was diagnosed by computerized tomography. The computerized tomography scan was normal 3 months previously. Computerized tomography may be the procedure of choice to diagnose and stage emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Topic: Infectious Disease Case Reports and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Efficacy of Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Analysis in a Developing European Country

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of bilateral cochlear implantation in patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss at the Timisoara Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital ENT Clinic. The study involved 77 participants, divided into four groups based on their hearing loss characteristics and implantation history. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-implantation, focusing on speech perception, speech production, and reading achievement. Standard surgical procedures were performed, and participants were provided with a comprehensive rehabilitation program involving auditory training and communication therapy. The variables considered for analysis included demographic factors, implantation period, and quality of life assessment, with no statistically significant differences pre-implantation between the four study groups. Results revealed significant improvements in speech perception, speech production, and reading achievement after cochlear implantation. In adult patients, speech perception scores increased from 21.3% to 73.4% for WIPI and from 22.7% to 68.4% for HINT after 12 months of rehabilitation. Speech production scores improved from 33.5% to 76.8% and reading achievement scores increased from 76.2 to 106.3. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in patients’ quality of life following cochlear implantation, with mean scores increasing from 2.0 to 4.2. Although it is known that bilateral cochlear implantation significantly improves speech perception, speech production, reading achievement, and quality of life in patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, this is the first study of its kind from Romania. Further research is warranted to optimize patient selection and rehabilitation strategies to maximize outcomes and determine better policies towards funding and access of cochlear implants for a wider range of patients in need.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Expression of the spinal 5-HT7 receptor and p-ERK pathway in the carrageenan inflammatory pain of rats

The expression of the spinal 5-HT7R is not altered by peripheral inflammation with carrageenan, suggesting that the lack of antinociceptive effect of the 5-HT7R activation is partly attributable to the absence of changes in the expression of the 5-HT7R in the spinal cord. The extended increase of the spinal p-ERK might be related to the enhanced pain behavior in the animals with lesions of the spinal serotonergic pathway in the carrageenan model.

Topic: Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Everolimus in Patients Who Have Undergone Liver Transplant

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of everolimus is required to prevent organ rejection in patients who have undergone transplant. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is a minimally invasive method for accurately collecting a small amount of blood from a patient's fingers. This study aimed to assess the applicability of VAMS for TDM of everolimus. Methods: VAMS and venous blood samples were collected from 45 liver transplant recipients who had been receiving stable everolimus doses for at least 7 days. Whole blood everolimus concentrations were measured using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Deming regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to compare everolimus concentrations measured using VAMS (C VAMS ) and venous blood samples (C IV ). The regression coefficient (r 2 ) between C VAMS and C IV was calculated using a linear regression. The effects of the hematocrit and blood sampling time on the difference between C VAMS and C IV were investigated. Results: Thirty-two participants were included in the final analysis. The Deming regression line was C IV = 1.04 × C VAMS + 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) of slope, 0.91–1.18; 95% CI of intercept, −0.05 to 1.16]. C VAMS and C IV were strongly correlated (r 2 = 0.92), with no proportional or constant bias. The mean difference between C VAMS and C IV was −0.79 ng/mL, with the 95% limit of agreement ranging from −2.55 to 0.97 ng/mL in a Bland–Altman plot. No effect of the hematocrit or blood sampling time was observed. Conclusions: VAMS and venous blood sampling showed good agreement for the measurement of whole blood everolimus concentrations. Less invasive VAMS can substitute for more invasive venous blood sampling in the TDM of everolimus in liver transplant patients.

Topic: Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Integrated electrodes for electrical capacitance tomography

This paper describes the design of circuitry which can be mounted directly on the electrodes in an electrical capacitance tomography system such that the effects of stray capacitance are reduced. This allows increased operating frequencies to be employed which leads to improvements in sensitivity. These, so called, integrated electrodes are based on custom CMOS capacitance transducers which utilise the charge discharge circuit. Digital, bit-serial, communications allow fast, reliable and efficient transfer of data.

Topic: Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Topics in Algebraic Geometry and Geometric Modeling

The Gelfond-Khovanskii residue formula computes the sum of the values of any Laurent polynomial over solutions of a system of Laurent polynomial equations whose Newton polytopes have sufficiently general relative position. We discuss two important consequences of this result: an explicit elimination algorithm for such systems and a new formula for the mixed volume. The integer coefficients that appear in the Gelfond-Khovanskii residue formula are geometric invariants that depend only on combinatorics of the polytopes. We explain how to compute them explicitly.

Topic: Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation
Subfield: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Perspectives of Orthopedic Surgeons on the Clinical Use of Bioprinted Cartilage: Qualitative Study

Background: Over the past 60 years, no technique used for treating cartilage disorders has been completely successful. Bioprinting provides a highly anticipated, novel alternative solution to this problem. However, identifying barriers to this new technology is crucial in order to overcome them when bioprinting reaches the implementation stage. This kind of research has been declared essential because clinical efficacy and safety studies alone do not always lead to successful implementation. Objective: This qualitative study aimed to explore the stance of orthopedic surgeons on the use of bioprinted cartilage grafts for cartilaginous lesions. The study sought to summarize and classify the barriers and facilitators of this technique and to identify the key factors for successful implementation of bioprinted cartilage in routine clinical practice. Methods: A qualitative thematic analysis method was used to evaluate data obtained from semistructured interviews and from focus groups. Data were collected between June 2017 and February 2018. Interviews focused on the collection of expert opinions on bioprinted cartilage. Results: The perceived barriers to the adoption of this technology were (1) awareness of a lack of information on the status and possibilities of this technology, (2) uncertainty regarding compliance with current health care regulations and policies, and (3) demands for clinical evidence. The facilitators were (1) lack of surgical alternatives, (2) the perception that research is the basis of the current health system, and (3) the hope of offering a better quality of life to patients. Conclusions: The results of this study are preliminary in nature and cannot be generalized without a broader group of participants. However, the key factors identified provide a frame of reference to help understand the challenges of bioprinted cartilage and help facilitate the transition toward its clinical use. These findings will also provide information for use at multidisciplinary meetings in scientific societies; create bridges between researchers, orthopedic surgeons, and regulators; and open a debate on the funding of this technique and the business model that needs to be developed.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identification of a Single-Nucleotide Insertion in the Promoter Region Affecting the sodC Promoter Activity in

Brucella neotomae is not known to be associated with clinical disease in any host species. Previous research suggested that B. neotomae might not express detectable levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), a periplasmic enzyme known to be involved in protecting Brucella from oxidative bactericidal effects of host phagocytes. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic basis for the disparity in SOD expression in B. neotomae. Our Western blot and SOD enzyme assay analyses indicated that B. neotomae does express SOD, but at a substantially reduced level. Nucleotide sequence analysis of region upstream to the sodC gene identified a single-nucleotide insertion in the potential promoter region. The same singlenucleotide insertion was also detected in the sodC promoter of B. suis strain Thomsen, belonging to biovar 2 in which SOD expression was undetectable previously. Examination of the sodC promoter activities using translational fusion constructs with E. coli b-galactosidase demonstrated that the B. neotomae and B. suis biovar 2 promoters were very weak in driving gene expression. Site-directed mutation studies indicated that the insertion of A in the B. neotomae sodC promoter reduced the promoter activity. Increasing the level of SOD expression in B. neotomae through complementation with B. abortus sodC gene did not alter the bacterial survival in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells and in tissues of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. These results for the first time demonstrate the occurrence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism affecting promoter function and

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences