jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing on mycotoxins

Purpose of the review: This review summarises the effects of common food processes on several important mycotoxins. Findings: Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are commonly occurring secondary fungal metabolites known to be toxic to animals and humans. These mycotoxins are fairly heat stable and some level tends to remain in processed food products. While varying degrees of reduction have been documented during some food processes, including sorting, cleaning, milling, baking, canning, frying, roasting, brewing, nixtamalisation and extrusion, removal or destruction is not complete. The reduction of mycotoxins is generally correlated with the degree of heat employed in the process; however, heat energy alone may not cause complete elimination of mycotoxins during food processing. Extrusion cooking as a process has been shown to be effective in reducing most mycotoxins at temperatures above 150°C. Fumonisins, in particular, may be reduced significantly in the presence of a reducing sugar such as glucose, but the degradation or reaction mechanism is not fully understood. Directions for future research: Additional future research is needed to delineate the chemical and toxicological fate of mycotoxins and their degradation products during food processing to ensure the safety of processed foods.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of on‐orbit GPS transmit antenna patterns for space users

The GPS Antenna Characterization Experiment (GPS ACE) has made extensive observations of GPS L1 signals received at geosynchronous (GEO) altitude, with the objective of developing comprehensive models of the signal levels and signal performance in the GPS transmit antenna side lobes. The GPS ACE architecture has been in place collecting observations with extreme sensitivity for several years, enabling the accumulation of full azimuthal coverage of the GPS transmit gain patterns over time. Results discussed in this paper include the reconstructed transmit gain patterns, with comparison with available preflight gain measurements from the GPS vehicle contractors. For GPS blocks with extensive ground measurements, the GPS ACE results show remarkable agreement. For blocks without extensive ground measurements, the GPS ACE results provide the only existing assessments of the full transmit gain patterns. The paper also includes results of pseudorange deviation analysis to assess systematic errors associated with GPS side-lobe signals.

Topic: GNSS positioning and interference
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Listening Comprehension Training on Listening and Reading

In this study the effects of providing text strategy instruction in a listening mode on listening and reading comprehension of experimental and control groups of 9- to 11-year-old poor readers were examined. All students were very poor in decoding and poor in reading comprehension. In addition, half of the group were also poor listeners, whereas the other half consisted of students with normal listening test scores. The experimental program employed auditorily presented texts, and the students were trained in the strategies of clarifying, summarizing, predicting, and questioning. The program's teaching format consisted of a combination of reciprocal teaching and direct instruction. Measurements occurred according to a pretest-posttest-retention test design. The results indicated significant program effects on strategic listening and strategic reading posttests, and the results were maintained on retention tests that were administered 3 months after termination of the program. However, transfer in terms of an improved performance on more general and standardized listening and reading comprehension tests was not demonstrated.

Topic: Reading and Literacy Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Ethics and Efficacy of Unsolicited Anti-Trafficking SMS Outreach

The sex industry exists on a continuum based on the degree of work autonomy present in labor conditions: a high degree exists on one side of the continuum where independent sex workers have a great deal of agency, while much less autonomy exists on the other side, where sex is traded under conditions of human trafficking. Organizations across North America perform outreach to sex industry workers to offer assistance in the form of services (e.g., healthcare, financial assistance, housing), prayer, and intervention. Increasingly, technology is used to look for trafficking victims or facilitate the provision of assistance or services, for example through scraping and parsing sex industry workers' advertisements into a database of contact information that can be used by outreach organizations. However, little is known about the efficacy of anti-trafficking outreach technology, nor the potential risks of using it to identify and contact the highly stigmatized and marginalized population of those working in the sex industry. In this work, we investigate the use, context, benefits, and harms of an anti-trafficking technology platform via qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders: the technology developers (n=6), organizations that use the technology (n=17), and sex industry workers who have been contacted or wish to be contacted (n=24). Our findings illustrate misalignment between developers, users of the platform, and sex industry workers they are attempting to assist. In their current state, anti-trafficking outreach tools such as the one we investigate are ineffective and, at best, serve as a mechanism for spam and, at worst, scale and exacerbate harm against the population they aim to serve. We conclude with a discussion of best practices for technology-facilitated outreach efforts to minimize risk or harm to sex industry workers while efficiently providing needed services.

Topic: Sex work and related issues
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: New Oleanene Triterpenes from Root Bark of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus 8: genomic sequence and comparative analysis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 8 induces skin tumors which are at high risk for malignant conversion. The nucleotide sequence of HPV8 has been determined and compared to sequences of papillomaviruses with different oncogenic potential. The general organization of the HPV8 genome is similar to that of other types. Highly conserved, genus-specific sequences were found in open reading frames (ORFs) E1, E2, and L1. In ORFs E6, E7, and L2, HPV8 is more distantly related, but it was possible to differentiate subgenera in which HPV8 belonged to the HPV1-cottontail rabbit papillomavirus group. Sequences within ORF E4 and part of ORF L2 are rather type specific. HPV8 stands out by several unique features: the considerably reduced size of the noncoding region (397 base pairs), with a seemingly low potential for forming complex secondary structures; a cluster of putative promoter elements in the 3' half of ORF E1; an RNA polymerase III promoter-like sequence close to the C terminus of ORF E2; and of particular interest, the homology between the putative protein encoded by ORF E4 and the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 protein, which may reflect similar mechanisms in virus-mediated transformation.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SUN-355 Associations of Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Mineral Density with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Men with and Without Paraplegia

Abstract Introduction: Following spinal cord injury (SCI) lower extremity bone mineral density (BMD) losses are as high as 40% due to mechanical unloading and autonomic dysfunction. While lumbar spine (LS) BMD appears to be relatively spared, evidence suggests BMD by dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DXA) may overlook bone pathology in this region. Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), representative of bone microarchitecture, may be a more informative measurement of LS pathology in SCI. Our objective was to determine differences in BMD and TBS within the LS in humans with and without SCI. Correlation of fitness and body composition measures with TBS and BMD were also explored to determine their role in bone health after SCI. Methods: Seven male participants with paraplegia (level T3 – T7) were recruited through The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, and 6 males without SCI were recruited from local advertisement. DXA scans of the lumbar spine and whole body were performed using Hologic Discovery A densitometer. TBS score (unitless) was derived from L1-L4 scans using TBS iNsight software v3.0.2. A graded arm exercise test directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) for all subjects. An independent samples t-test determined between-group differences in LS BMD and TBS. Pearson correlation analysis investigated within-group relations among LS BMD, TBS and VO2peak (ml/kg/min), weight (kg), total body fat (%), and visceral adipose tissue (estimated VAT mass(g)). Results: In SCI, the mean duration of injury was 8.6 years. Mean LS BMD was not different (p=.47) between non-injured (1.10 ±0.11 g/cm2) and SCI (1.10 ±0.13 g/cm2) groups. However, mean TBS score was different (p=.053) between non-injured (1.55±0.09) and SCI (1.47±0.07) groups. In non-injured, VO2peak was correlated with LS BMD (r=.356) and TBS (r=.244). In SCI, VO2peak was correlated with LS BMD (r=.111) and TBS (r=.822). In non-injured, TBS was correlated with body mass (r=.244), total body fat (%) (r=.382), and visceral adipose tissue (r=.361). In SCI, negative correlations were observed; TBS was correlated with body mass (r= -.255), total body fat (%) (r= -.474), and visceral adipose tissue (r= -.513). LS BMD was positively correlated with body mass, total body fat (%) and visceral adipose tissue in both non-injured and SCI groups. Conclusion: Men with and without SCI displayed similar BMD but differed in TBS at the LS. Correlations with measures of fitness and body composition were similar for LS BMD but discordant for TBS between non-injured and SCI groups. The data suggest changes in the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolism and bone quality in SCI. TBS may capture alterations in bone microarchitecture at the spine after SCI that are undetected by conventional DXA.

Topic: Bone and Joint Diseases
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EMULGEL ESSENTIAL OIL OF CITRONELLA (CYMBOPOGON NARDUS (L.) RENDLE) AND ALOE VERA (ALOE VERA (L.) BURM. F.) EXTRACT AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

Background: Acne is described as an abnormal skin condition caused by the disruption of excess oil production and collaboration with bacteria. Aloe vera and citronella oil are plants that have antibacterial properties, including acne-causing bacteria. Purpose: To obtain a formulation that has an anti-acne effect. Method: This research method is experimental in which the formulation of citronella oil emulgel and aloe vera extract is made as much as 10-15 grams in each formula by varying the additional ingredients in each formulation. This formula was made from three different concentrations (F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%)) and tested the physical stability, among others, organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, dispersion and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Result: There was no significant difference between the organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, and inclusion in the eligible category. In contrast, the dispersion test had a slight difference in F2 and F3, which did not meet the requirements. Conclusion: Inhibitory activity test of the preparations obtained the average diameter of citronella oil emulgel preparations and aloe vera extract at concentrations of F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%) are 11 mm, 10.7 mm and 16 mm and the ability to inhibit bacteria by all concentrations was in a strong category. Among the three formulations known to have the most remarkable effectiveness was at F3 (5%:10%) with an inhibitory diameter of F3 16 mm.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of decreased sex hormone binding globulin and cardiovascular risk factors.

Sex hormones play a major role in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease. While earlier studies have shown that reduced sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with increased glucose and insulin concentrations in premenopausal women, few data exist on the relationship of SHBG to other cardiovascular risk factors in women. We hypothesized that decreased SHBG would be associated with an atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors. We measured total testosterone, total estradiol and SHBG, lipids and lipoproteins, glucose and insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 96 premenopausal women. Although total testosterone and total estradiol were not related to cardiovascular risk factors, SHBG was negatively associated with triglyceride concentration (r = -0.37) and positively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (r = 0.42). After adjustment for overall adiposity (body mass index) and upper body adiposity (as measured by the ratio of waist-to-hip circumferences), SHBG was still positively related to HDLC, but not to triglyceride. Adjustment for insulin abolished the relationship between SHBG and triglyceride levels, but did not alter the relationship between SHBG and HDLC. Sex hormones were not related to either systolic or diastolic blood pressure.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Retrospective on Information, Strategy, and Economics: After 20 Years at HICSS, What Have We Learned about IT and Strategy?

In its twenty years the mini-track on information, strategy, and economics has made considerable progress in developing theory that can serve as the basis for decision-making when managers face ambiguous and uncertain problems in an unfamiliar and rapidly changing environment. Just as scientists in other disciplines use experience and a small set of paradigmatic problems to structure unfamiliar situations, information strategy and economics provides its own set of paradigms to guide and structure the use of experience in managerial settings

Topic: Business Strategy and Innovation
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Induction of diapause in Drosophila melanogaster: photoperiodic regulation and the impact of arrhythmic clock mutations on time measurement.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster displays an ovarian diapause that is regulated by photoperiod. Newly eclosed female flies (Canton-S wild type) exposed to short days (less than 14 hr of light per day) at 12 degrees C (or 10 degrees C) enter a fairly shallow reproductive diapause. Females exposed to long days (16 hr of light per day) at the same low temperature undergo ovarian maturation. The short day induced diapause continues for 6-7 weeks under a 10:14 light/dark cycle at 12 degrees C but is terminated rapidly after a transfer to higher temperature (18 or 25 degrees C) or to long days (18:6 light/dark cycle). Females from three strains homozygous for alleles of the period (per) locus, reportedly arrhythmic for behavioral circadian rhythms, and females that possessed two overlapping deletions of per were also capable of discriminating between long and short days, although, when compared with the wild-type flies, the critical day length was shifted to shorter values by approximately 2 hr. It is concluded that the period locus is not causally involved in photoperiod time measurement.

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Abstract 728: Early assessment of treatment effect in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) via ctDNA analysis

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Quantifying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging method to non-invasively assess treatment effect for solid tumors. A ctDNA-based method for disease monitoring for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) would be beneficial to disease management. By employing plasma taken during early treatment cycles and NGS, we tested whether early response assessed by ctDNA level could predict treatment effect. METHODS: Using a 197-gene NGS assay, the AVENIO ctDNA Surveillance Kit (for Research Use Only, not for use in diagnostic procedures), ctDNA levels were assessed in post-treatment plasma samples based on variants identified at baseline. Mutant allele concentration or mutant molecules per milliliter-of-plasma (MMPM) was utilized to quantify ctDNA over all variants of all sequenced genomic regions. Samples collected from an observational German Lung Cancer Multi-Marker Study were analyzed retrospectively. In a cohort of 69 stage IV SCLC subjects, the association of survival with ctDNA-based monitoring classifier was evaluated in the first available post-treatment plasma sample after starting chemotherapy (median number of days after start of treatment = 25) by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The analysis demonstrated that subjects with mean MMPM less than the lower quartile (14.3) had longer progression free survival (PFS) compared to that of subjects with mean MMPM greater than or equal to the lower quartile (log-rank P = 0.0095; HR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.27, 0.84]). The same classifier was applied for overall survival analysis, and subjects with mean MMPM less than the lower quartile had longer overall survival (OS) compared to that of subjects with mean MMPM greater than or equal to the lower quartile (log-rank P = 0.0095; HR [95% CI] = 0.46 [0.26, 0.84]). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in ctDNA levels in response to treatment may prove to be a valuable way of identifying subjects that either respond or fail to respond to therapy earlier than current standard of care methods such as computed tomography (CT) scan. Hypotheses will be validated in a separate cohort. Future prospective studies to confirm these results are needed. Citation Format: John Jiang, Christine Ju, Corinna Woestmann, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, Liu Xi, Stephanie J. Yaung, Sandeep Gattam, Bernd Hinzmann, Michael Thomas, Felix Lasitschka, Michael Meister, Marc Schneider, Felix Herth, Thomas Muley, Birgit Wehnl, John Palma. Early assessment of treatment effect in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) via ctDNA analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 728.

Topic: Lung Cancer Research Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 in triple-negative breast cancers, Indonesia

<ns4:p>Background: Using immunohistochemical stains to target specific breast cancer markers has become indispensable for evaluation of small diagnostic tissue specimens, and therefore novel marker cocktails for specific breast cancers are required. This study was conducted to assess the immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of these markers for specific types of TNBC.</ns4:p><ns4:p>Methods: Histological slides and paraffin blocks of TNBC cases were collected from Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 5-years period (2011-2015). Each histological slide was subjected to immunohistochemical staining for P63 (nucleus and cytoplasm) and SOX2 (nucleus), with specific primer antibodies. Immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 was evaluated using immunoreactivity scoring. Associations between P63 and SOX2 immunoexpression and TNBC types were assessed using Mann Whitney tests. In addition, the predictive diagnostic values of these markers were assessed.</ns4:p><ns4:p>Results: Forty TNBC histological slides were included, and 23 (57.5%) were Basal-like type TNBC and 17 (42.5%) were Non basal-like type TNBC. Immunoexpression of P63 nucleus and SOX2 was not different between types of TNBC. However, immunoexpression of P63 in the cytoplasm in Basal-like type TNBC was significantly higher than in Non basal-like type TNBC (<ns4:italic>p</ns4:italic>=0.021). Predictor diagnostic value analysis suggested that immunoexpression of P63 in cytoplasm had 56.5% sensitivity and 70.6% specificity for diagnosing Basal-like type TNBC, with area under curve of 0.64. </ns4:p><ns4:p>Conclusions: Immunoexpression of P63 in the cytoplasm has a relatively weak diagnostic value to discriminate Basal-like and Non basal-like types of TNBC.</ns4:p>

Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Area under the receiver operating curve of the classifiers as a function of the number of input features.

&lt;p&gt;Models were evaluated here on their ability to discriminate patients with impaired intracranial compliance (“poor compliance” class). SVM: Support Vector Machine. Shaded areas correspond to a 95% confidence interval.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences