jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Processing of Regular and Irregular Inflections in Highly Proficient Second Language Learners ofKorean: Evidence from a Priming Experiment

This study investigated how L2 Korean advanced learners process regularly and irregularly inflected forms of Korean verbs, and whether this processing mechanism follows a single mechanism account or a dual mechanism account. In addition, it examined the effect of the learner’s working memory capacity on the reaction time or/and the accuracy rate in the chosen priming tasks. The patterns of facilitation on present tense verb targets were examined in three experiments. In the study, there were 72 participants with TOPIK level 6, who performed three lexical decision tasks with either a masked visual prime presented during 43ms (Experiment 1) or 230ms (Experiment 2) or an auditory prime (Experiment 3). Next, the priming for six different types of verbal inflections were compared: regular verbs with no orthographical or phonological changes, regular verbs with only phonological changes to their stem, regular verbs with only orthographical changes, irregular verbs with their stem omitted or alternated, irregular verbs with changes in their endings and irregular verbs with changes in both their stem and endings. The study found determined that (i) no priming effects in either regular or irregular inflections revealed in most conditions, which supports a single mechanism account, and (ii) the influence of working memory capacity of L2 learners showed as higher the working memory was, faster the reaction time was completed in those cases.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Local sections honor students and teachers

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTLocal sections honor students and teachersScholarships, journal subscriptions, and cash among awards given to outstanding studentsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1968, 46, 27, 52–57Publication Date (Print):June 24, 1968Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 24 June 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v046n027.p052Copyright © 1968 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) SUBJECTS:Students Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Rapid Schedules for Koh Clearing and Alizarin Red S Staining of Fetal Rat Bone

Various schedules for staining fetal rat skeleton with alizarin red S were tested to determine a procedure that would produce a completely cleared and well-stained specimen in a short period of time. A 2 day procedure is presented which can produce specimens that are satisfactory but not completely transparent. A 7 day procedure produces cleared and stained specimens which can be well visualized with a dissecting microscope (30×). Fetal rats of 21 days gestation were fixed in 10% formalin for at least 1 wk. The specimens were skinned and eviscerated and then dehydrated in 2 changes of acetone for 12 hr (8 ml per gram body weight). The specimens were then placed in 1% KOM-alizarin red S (6 mg/liter) or 3 days, followed by 10% KOH-alizarin red S for 3 days. Finally, the specimens were placed in a mixture of benzyl alcohol, ethanol, and glycerol (1:2:2) (4 ml per gram body weight) for 12 hr, and then transferred to pure glycerol for storage.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tentoxin effects on infrastructure and greening of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea) cotyledons

Abstract The effects of 20 μ M tentoxin on mesophyll chloroplast ultra‐structural development, chlorophyll organization and accumulation, and pigment transformations in cotyledons of dark‐grown, 4‐day‐old ivyleaf morningglory [ Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. hederacea ]were monitored. After 6 h of white light (200 μEm −2 T.s −1 ), many plastids of tentoxin‐treated tissues contained prolamellar bodies or inconsistent internal membrane orientation in contrast to the uniform internal membrane orientation and absence of prolamellar bodies in controls. Grana stacking did not progress beyond three to four disc loculi in tentoxin‐treatments, and fret membranes were usually discontinuous and reduced. Cylindrical or cupped grana appeared in many chloroplasts after 3 days of light, while other chloroplasts in which disruption was more pronounced had few grana except for remnants, but usually did possess vesicles or structures resembling prolamellar bodies. Tentoxin had no apparent effect on stroma density or plastoglobuli size and number. No starch grains appeared in any of the tentoxin treatments, whereas they appeared after 24 h in controls. Initial protochlorophyllide content and its photoconversion to chlorophyllide and subsequent Shibata shift were not affected by tentoxin. Chlorophyll accumulation rates in tentoxin‐treated cotyledons were about 10% of control rates during the first 24 h of greening and about 20% of controls from 48 to 72 h of greening. Chlorophyll alb ratio and PSU size (total Chl/P700) were not significantly affected by tentoxin.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nitrogen nutrition index and morphogenesis in Alexandergrass of the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the nitrogen nutrition index, morphogenic characteristics and tiller structure of Alexandergrass (Urochloaplantaginea (LINK) Hitch) pasture submitted to different nitrogen (N) levels (zero, 150 or 300 kg ha-1 of N). The experimental design was entirely randomized with repeated measures arrangement. The experimental animals were Angus heifers under rotational stocking grazing method. The number of animals was variable to keep 30±5 cm post-grazing sward height. Nitrogen nutrition index increased linearly according N levels (Ŷ = 59.8 + 0.1216N; P &lt; 0.0001; r²=0.53). The leaf appearance rate adjusted to a positive linear regression model according the thermal sum (TS) with zero of N (Ŷ0N = 0.0077 + 0.0000087TS; P = 0.0308; r² = 0.72) and 150 kg ha-1 of N (Ŷ150N = 0.0020 + 0.000021 TS; P = 0.0022; r² = 0.92). The use of 300 kg ha-1 of N did not alter the leaf appearance rate (0.0124 leaf degree-days-1). The use of up to 300 kg ha-1 of N increases the Alexandergrass nitrogen content. The leaf appearance rate in Alexandergrass is modified using N while the morphogenic characteristics leaf expansion, stem expansion, phyllochron, leaf lifespan, leaf elongation duration and tiller structure are not altered by N utilization.

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Aplasia Cutis Congenita: An Often Isolated Clinical Finding

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital condition characterised by the absence of skin, with or without the absence of underlying structures. Can appear as an isolated lesion or associated with other congenital malformations. The approach can be conservative or surgical.We report a case of a full-term male newborn with two adjacent ulcerated lesions with well-demarcated limits in the upper occipital region (20 and 4-5 mm diameter). Other alterations that could be associated with aplasia cutis were identified at examination, so the patient was referred to several consultations, and other system involvement was excluded. Re-evaluation at the first month of life revealed complete healing and conservative treatment was kept.After identification of ACC should be excluded other associated congenital malformations. Particularly if large skin defects or bone involvement is detected (higher risk of complications and mortality).

Topic: Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Modified KdV equation for solitary Rossby waves with β effect in barotropic fluids

This paper uses the weakly nonlinear method and perturbation method to deal with the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, and the modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV) equations describing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves as the change of Rossby parameter β(y) with latitude y is obtained.

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aphthous ulcers (recurrent).

In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: analgesics (local), corticosteroids (topical), tetracycline antibiotic mouthwash, and topical antiseptic agents (chlorhexidine and similar agents).

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The macrobenthic communities and distribution of the Lancang River

The macrobenthic species composition,distribution and biomass in the Lancang River were investigated from April,2009 to August,2011.Total 119 taxa of macrobenthic belonging to 66 families,7 classes and 4 phyla were indentified.The average density and biomass of macrobenthic were 243.2ind./m2 and 13 016.8 mg/m2,respectively.The density and biomass(from upstream to downstream) of macrobenthic presented a high-low-high mode.Diversity of benthic fauna downstream is higher than that in the upstream and midstream.For the similar habitat sites,the cluster analysis revealed that the macrobenthic composition was similar.Compared with the Nu River,the macrobenthic density and biomass composition were not significantuy different,but the Lancang benthic species River were significantly higher than those in the Nu River.

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design of Inhibitors Targeting Chitin-Degrading Enzymes by Bioisostere Substitutions and Scaffold Hopping for Selective Control of <i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i>

Chitin-degrading enzymes are critical components in regulating the molting process of the Asian corn borer and serve as potential targets for controlling this destructive pest of maize. Here, we used a scaffold-hopping strategy to design a series of efficient naphthylimide insecticides. Among them, compound <b>8c</b> exhibited potent inhibition of chitinase from <i>Of</i>Chi-h and <i>Of</i>ChtI at low nanomolar concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.51 and 9.21 nM, respectively). Molecular docking simulations suggested that <b>8c</b> binds to chitinase by mimicking the interaction of chitin oligosaccharide substrates with chitinase. At low ppm concentrations, compound <b>8c</b> performed comparably to commercial insecticides in controlling the highly destructive plant pest, the Asian corn borer. Tests on a wide range of nontarget organisms indicate that compound <b>8c</b> has very low toxicity. In addition, the effect of inhibitor treatment on the expression of genes associated with the Asian corn borer chitin-degrading enzymes was further investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of <b>8c</b> as a novel chitinase-targeting insecticide for effective control of the Asian corn borer, providing a promising solution in the quest for sustainable pest management.

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Case of the Missing Hegemon: British Nonintervention in the American Civil War

Balance of power theories have come roaring back into prominence in recent years as international relations theory grapples with new developments, including offshore balancing and soft balancing. Recent works demonstrate the importance of more than just the distribution of power, and have addressed the role that domestic politics plays in balancing. One overlooked aspect of this debate, with implications for offensive realism and the current discussion on the United States and soft balancing, is the role that nonintervention conventions play in decision making. British nonintervention during the American Civil War presents a case at odds with offensive realist theory, as Britain should have intervened to protect its national interests—cotton, trade, and shipping—while also restraining a regional hegemonic power. Domestic cleavages, democratic peace norms, and public opinion pressures do not sufficiently explain this behavior. Instead, this paper posits that nonintervention was a result of British adherence to precedents and conventions.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A brief analysis of intervention strategies: the effect of choral response on acquisition of basic math fluency with a selected group of students with learning disabilities

iii DEDICATION viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 16 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 28 CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS 35 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSIONS 46 APPENDIX A: PARENT LETTER 51 APPENDIX B: SAMPLE MATH FLUENCY WORKSHEET 53 APPENDIX C: SAMPLE STUDENT RECORD SHEET 54 REFERENCES 55

Topic: Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
X-ray Structure Analyses of Photosynthetic Reaction Center Variants from <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>:  Structural Changes Induced by Point Mutations at Position L209 Modulate Electron and Proton Transfer

The structures of the reaction center variants Pro L209 --> Tyr, Pro L209 --> Phe, and Pro L209 --> Glu from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.6-2.8 A resolution. These variants were constructed to interrupt a chain of tightly bound water molecules that was assumed to facilitate proton transfer from the cytoplasm to the secondary quinone Q(B) [Baciou, L., and Michel, H. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 7967-7972]. However, the amino acid exchanges Pro L209 --> Tyr and Pro L209 --> Phe do not interrupt the water chain. Both aromatic side chains are oriented away from this water chain and interact with three surrounding polar side chains (Asp L213, Thr L226, and Glu H173) which are displaced by up to 2.6 A. The conformational changes induced by the bulky aromatic rings of Tyr L209 and Phe L209 lead to unexpected displacements of Q(B) compared to the wild-type protein. In the structure of the Pro L209 --> Tyr variant, Q(B) is shifted by approximately 4 A and is now located at a position similar to that reported for the wild-type reaction center after illumination [Stowell, M. H. B., et al. (1997) Science 276, 812-816]. In the Pro L209 --> Phe variant, the electron density map reveals an intermediate Q(B) position between the binding sites of the wild-type protein in the dark and the Pro L209 --> Tyr protein. In the Pro L209 --> Glu reaction center, the carboxylic side chain of Glu L209 is located within the water chain, and the binding site of Q(B) remains unchanged compared to the wild-type structure.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
GAMBARAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) PADA MASYARAKAT PEROKOK DI PESISIR PANTAI

Abstract: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol most widely in the body. Smoking is one of the factors that can cause elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, which nicotine is one element in cigarettes cathecolamine that stimulates secretion, increases lipolysis, and also increases free fatty acids. Excessive levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood will increase the risk of cholesterol buildup in the arteries, followed by atherosclerosis. This study aimed to describe the levels of LDL cholesterol in seashores community smoker. This was a descriptive analysis with a cross sectional design. Samples in this study were 40 people. The results showed that the mean LDL cholesterol level of 40 samples was 132.93 mg / dl which 24 sample (60%) was at the above the borderline threshold. There was no subject with high LDL level. Conclusion: There was an increase in LDL level in smokers who lived in seashores.Keywords: low density lipoprotein (LDL), smokers.Abstrak: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) merupakan jenis lipoprotein yang paling banyak mengangkut kolesterol di dalam tubuh. Merokok merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar kolesterol LDL, dimana nikotin yang merupakan salah satu unsur pada rokok merangsang sekresi katakolamin, meningkatkan lipolisis, dan meningkatkan asam lemak bebas. Kadar kolesterol LDL yang berlebihan dalam darah akan meningkatkan resiko penumpukan kolesterol pada dinding pembuluh darah arteri yang diikuti dengan terjadinya aterosklerosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar kolesterol LDL pada masyarakat di pesisir pantai. Penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan rancangan Cross Sectional Study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan bersedia menjadi responden. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tingkat kolesterol LDL rata-rata pada 40 sampel ialah 132,93 mg/dl, dengan 24 sampel (60%) berada di atas ambang batas dan sisanya memiliki kadar LDL di bawah ambang batas. Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kadar LDL pada perokok yang tinggal di pesisir pantai.Kata kunci: low density lipoprotein (LDL), perokok.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Reproductive health in women in the Czech Republic 1993-97. II. Contraception].

The withdrawal and condom users were the more frequent methods of contraception in 1993 sample versus two other methods (ratio 2:1), while this has changed in 1997 sample in favor of IUD and hormonal contraception users (ratio 3:2). We could conclude that the responsibility for contraception has been transferred from men to women.

Topic: Male Reproductive Health Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
altered in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an unresolved clinical issue. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known therapeutic targets for various proliferative lung diseases. Lung PDE6 expression and function has received little or no attention. The present study aimed to characterize (i) PDE6 subunits expression in human lung, (ii) PDE6 subunits expression and alteration in IPF and (iii) functionality of the specific PDE6D subunit in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Methodology/Principal Findings: PDE6 subunits expression in transplant donor (n = 6) and IPF (n = 6) lungs was demonstrated by real-time quantitative (q)RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis. PDE6D mRNA and protein levels and PDE6G/H protein levels were significantly down-regulated in the IPF lungs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed alveolar epithelial localization of the PDE6 subunits. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR from human primary alveolar type (AT)II cells, demonstrating the down-regulation pattern of PDE6D in IPF-derived ATII cells. In vitro, PDE6D protein depletion was provoked by transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 in A549 AECs. PDE6D siRNAmediated knockdown and an ectopic expression of PDE6D modified the proliferation rate of A549 AECs. These effects were mediated by increased intracellular cGMP levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance: Collectively, we report previously unrecognized PDE6 expression in human lungs, significant alterations of the PDE6D and PDE6G/H subunits in IPF lungs and characterize the functional role of PDE6D in AEC proliferation.

Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
INDIVIDUAL ETHICAL ORIENTATIONS, ETHICAL SENSITIVITY AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES IN UGANDA

Professional conduct of academic staff has become to be a major area of concern. The professional behavior of academic staff in universities in Uganda is influenced by a number of factors. Individual ethical orientation and ethical sensitivity are some of the factors that affect the professional conduct of academic staff in Uganda. This study attempts to study the relationship between individual ethical orientations, ethical sensitivity and the professional behavior of academic staff in Universities in Uganda. Individual ethical orientations and ethical sensitivity are important because they do determine the behavior of academic staff. The research was based on academic staff in universities in Uganda. A Sample of 300 was taken composed of academic staff in these institutions. A survey questionnaire was used which was adopted from those used by previous scholars and was modified to suit the local setting. A response rate of 73% was achieved. The study established that individual ethical orientation explained 42 % of the variation in the professional conduct of academic staff and ethical sensitivity explained 49% of the variation in the professional behavior of academic staff. According to the results, when ethical sensitivity was introduced the beta coeffients for individual ethical orientation dropped from 0.32 to 0.20. These results raise implications to the Chancellors and vice challencellors in these Universities. This is the first study to document the effect of individual ethical orientations and ethical sensitivity on the professional behavior of academic staff in Universities in Uganda. Despite the increasing un professional conduct of academic staff in these Universities, the staff concerned with the administrative issues in the universities have neglected the issues of individual ethical orientations and ethical sensitivity which have really promoted un professional conduct among the academic staff. The results indicate that the professional conduct of academic staff is influenced by their individual ethical orientations and ethical sensitivity.

Topic: Ethics in Business and Education
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Greedy energy points with external fields

Abstract. In this paper we introduce several extremal sequences of points on locally compact Hausdorff spaces and study their asymptotic properties. These sequences are defined through a greedy algorithm by minimizing a certain energy functional whose expression involves an external field. Some results are also obtained in the context of Euclidian spaces Rp, p ≥ 2. As a particular example, given a closed set A ⊂ Rp, a lower semicontinuous function f: R → (−∞, +∞] and an integer m ≥ 2, we investigate (under suitable conditions on A and f) sequences {ai} ∞ 1 ⊂ A that are constructed inductively by selecting the first m points a1,..., am so that the functional X mX

Topic: Mathematical Approximation and Integration
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences