jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BXQ-350 to target to the lysosome and kill glioblastoma (GBM) cells via activation of apoptotic caspases in vitro.

3639 Background: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism where cells respond to internal or external stimuli by initiating a cascade of events and enzymes leading to cell death. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to resist these apoptotic stimuli. This allows tumor cells to have aberrant metabolisms, such as sphingolipid metabolism in tumor cell lysosomes, or mutations which would normally commit cells to death. Saposin C, the protein component of BXQ-350, Bexion Pharmaceuticals’ proprietary biotherapeutic, is involved in normal lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism. Removing resistance, shortcutting steps leading to apoptosis, or correcting sphingolipid metabolism can result in the death of these tumor cells. Methods: The GBM cell line Gli36ΔEGFR was plated in 96 well plates at a density of 1x10 4 cells per well in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Media with 10% FBS overnight at 37 o C for caspase and cytotoxicity assays. Cells were treated with 9uM to 30uM BXQ-350 in triplicate and incubated for 24 hours at 37 o C. Promega’s Caspase-Glo 9 or Caspase-Glo 3/7 reagent was added to appropriate wells and the plates were incubated at room temperature in the dark for 3 hours then luminescence was read. The parallel cytotoxic assay was run under the same conditions except Roche’s MTT labeling reagent was added to the appropriate wells after 24 hours and incubated at 37 0 C for 4 hours. Solubilization solution was added to each well and the plate was incubated at 37 o C overnight then absorbance was read. The GBM cell line U87 MG was used to determine lysosomal targeting. U87 MG cells were treated with 10uM BXQ-350 and incubated at 37 o C overnight. They were stained with anti-SapC (RFP) and anti-LAMP1 (GFP) antibodies and images were taken. Results: BXQ-350 mediated cell death is correlated with a rise in Caspase 3, Caspase 7 and Caspase 9 activity. The caspase activity levels did not rise until after BXQ-350 passed its IC50 and stayed elevated. Caspases 3/7 levels showed higher activity compared to untreated than Caspase 9. In addition to this, BXQ-350 was seen to colocalize to LAMP1, a lysosomal membrane protein. Conclusions: BXQ-350 tracks to the lysosomal membrane where it initiates the cascade of enzymes necessary to cause apoptosis. Caspases 3/7 are the effector caspases and are necessary for the completion of the apoptotic pathway. The higher activity levels of these caspases show the cells are committed to cell death not allowing these cells to subvert apoptosis. This removes one of the major barriers to fighting cancer.

Topic: ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rhizoplane Fibrils in Wheat: Demonstration and Derivation

Aggregates of fine, curved fibrils extend from the rhizoplane of soil-grown wheat roots into the rhizosphere. The fibril diameter is usually between 3 and 10 nanometers. The fibrils arise as extracellular products of the root, and some aggregates are intimately associated with microbial cells and soil particles.

Topic: Plant responses to water stress
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;b&gt;EFFECT OF β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON THE ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN RATS EXPOSED TO HIGH-ALTITUDE &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;HYPOXIA &lt;/b&gt;

Effect of β-adrenergic blockade on hypoxia-induced stimulation of anaerobic metabolism in rats was investigated. 1) Administration of the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol inhibited the formation of lactate and pyruvate in rats exposed to 8,000 m-simulated altitude, but showed no effect on the increase in uric acid level. 2) Blood glucose increased after the rats were returned to sea-level, and propranolol inhibited the increase completely. 3) β-Blockade did not affect the increase in lactate and pyruvate in rats to which glucose had been administered before exposed to hypoxia. β-Adrenergic effect is responsible for supply of the glycolytic substrate through the degradation of glycogen in muscle under highly hypoxic conditions such as an exposure to 8,000 m altitude, but does not participate in the stimulation of glycolysis when blood glucose can be readily utilized as a substrate.

Topic: High Altitude and Hypoxia
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Framing Public Health and Pharmacy

This chapter incorporates a number of global perspectives of pharmacy and public health, including international perspectives (e.g., World Health Organization, macro-level), regional perspectives (e.g., European Union, meso-level), and national (e.g., country, micro-level) perspectives. This chapter provides a broader understanding of how issues in pharmacy and public health are framed and reframed as the field moves from a national understanding of pharmacy and public health to broader regional and global understandings. It also shows show there are significant commonalities and differences in the practice, education, and research in the disciplines and careers of pharmacy and public health. Topics covered include integrated delivery of health care, preventive health services, public–private sector partnerships, global health, public health engagement, public health surveillance, public health practice, and public health systems research.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gregarious locusts down-regulate muscular catabolic capacities yet fly far

Locust swarms continue to threaten food security on multiple continents, and our understanding of the basic biology and ecology of locusts remains a limiting factor in our capacities to develop new strategies for management. One of the most striking aspects of locust biology is the still poorly understood phenotypic transformation from a solitarious, nonswarming form to a gregarious, swarm-migrating form (1). Du et al.’s publication (2) in PNAS provides important insights into the mechanisms and consequences of this transformation, with insights relevant to anyone interested in performance trade-offs between speed and endurance. Gregarious locusts are well known for their capacities to fly for many hours, enabling their dispersal across continents. However, solitarious locusts also fly, both to escape predators and to perform shorter-distance solitary migrations (3). Prior studies have shown that gregarious locusts are more prone to fly (4). We have known that these differences in flight behaviors are partially enabled by higher lipid reserves and hemolymph lipid levels in the gregarious forms and more rapid and stronger activation of adipokinetic hormone signaling (5). However, how the flight muscles of solitarious and gregarious locusts differ has been almost unstudied. Based on studies of the flight muscles of migrating bats (6) and birds (7, 8), the obvious starting hypothesis is that the long-flight performances of gregarious locusts would be enabled … [↵][1] 1Email: j.harrison{at}asu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Topic: Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The asymptotics of the Touchard polynomials: a uniform approximation

The asymptotic expansion of the Touchard polynomials $T_n(z)$ (also known as the exponential polynomials) for large $n$ and complex values of the variable $z$, where $|z|$ may be finite or allowed to be large like $O(n)$, has been recently considered in \cite{P1}. When $z=-x$ is negative, it is found that there is a coalesence of two contributory saddle points when $n/x=1/e$. Here we determine the expansion when $n$ and $x$ satisfy this condition and also a uniform two-term approximation involving the Airy function in the neighbourhood of this value. Numerical results are given to illustrate the accuracy of the asymptotic approximations obtained.

Topic: Mathematical functions and polynomials
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Following the Leader: An Analysis of Leadership and Conformity in Business Meetings

Background: Past research has established the importance of discursive leadership in professional communication, but it has not systematically examined how conformity behaviors emerge as a potentially undesirable consequence of discursive leadership. Literature review: Review of the literature on the centrality of communication in leadership processes and conformity behavior suggest a void of analytic tools to adequately examine the negative consequences of discursive leadership. Research question: Are later interlocutors more likely to speak similarly to earlier ones if the earlier interlocutors occupy a more central position in the conversation network? Methodology: Based on 32,000 words of a transcribed meeting corpus, we measured conformity behaviors using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency scores, which are widely used in the information retrieval setting. We also operationalized the strength of discursive leadership as a positional centrality measure in the conversation network using a matrix algebra approach in social network analysis. Results: Findings support the hypothesis that discursive leadership is associated with conformity in language aligned toward discursive leaders' opinions. Conclusions: This study makes theoretical advances in understanding leadership construction and conformity behaviors between leaders and followers using empirical, authentic meeting data. We also give business people an applied understanding of the process of discursive leadership, which may help them to improve communication efficacy in their organizations by reducing overly conforming behaviors. We recommend that future research include more diverse participants and be combined with a survey to supplement the conversation data.

Topic: Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitor through NOXA-Mediated MCL1 Degradation in Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods, including additional summary of the methodologies used.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The role of adenosine A <sub>2</sub> receptors in the regulation of TNF‐α production and PGE <sub>2</sub> release in mouse peritoneal macrophages

The adenosine A 2 receptors mediate most of the anti‐inflammatory activities of adenosine. In LPS‐stimulated macrophages adenosine inhibits TNF‐α release, but may also enhance PGE 2 generation. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of the A 2A and A 2B receptors in these two effects and to determine whether the enhanced release of PGE 2 contributed to the inhibition of TNF‐α release. In LPS‐stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, we confirmed that adenosine potently inhibited TNF‐α production, but also potentiated PGE 2 production. However, the potency of inhibition of TNF‐α release was at least one order of magnitude higher than that for the potentiation of PGE 2 generation (IC 50 = 250nM vs EC 50 =3μM). The non‐selective adenosine receptor agonist NECA, and the selective A 2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 also inhibited TNF‐α production even more potently (IC 50 = 5.7 and 2.4nM, respectively). NECA, but not CGS 21680, also enhanced PGE 2 production. The selective A 2A antagonist ZM 241385 (100nM), but not the selective A 2B receptor antagonist MRS 1754 (100nM), blocked the inhibitory effect of NECA and CGS 21680 on TNF‐α release. On the other hand, only MRS 1754 abolished the PGE 2 ‐potentiating effect of NECA. Pretreatment with indomethacin (1μM) abolished adenosine‐induced PGE 2 release but did not prevent the inhibition of TNF‐α release. These results show that in this system, the inhibition of TNF‐α release by adenosine is mediated by the A 2A receptors whereas the enhancement of PGE 2 release appears to be mediated by the A 2B receptors. The results also show that the enhanced PGE 2 release induced by adenosine does not appear to contribute to its ability to inhibit TNF‐α release. This work was supported by grant No MR 01/04 from Research Administration, Kuwait University.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An unusual recovery of Fasciola gigantica in the lungs of sheep

The present study was conducted in the Andhra Pradesh with the aim of determining prevalence and pathology of pulmonary lesions in sheep. A total of 988 slaughtered or spontaneously dead sheep were screened. Among 988 lungs examined, 187 lungs revealed definite lesions on gross and histopathological examination. The overall prevalence of pulmonary fasciolosis infection was found to be 3.21% (6/187). Grossly, lungs showed multiple dark red haemorrhagic areas. Cut section revealed dark, haemorrhagic tracts with leaf shaped fluke embedded inside the parenchyma. Microscopically, sections of fluke surrounded by haemorrhagic exudates were observed within the bronchus and in the lung parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the disease in sheep as fasciolosis.

Topic: Helminth infection and control
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
REVIEWS OF MUSIC

Journal Article REVIEWS OF MUSIC Get access Gioachino Rossini, Quelques riens pour album, ed. Marvin Tartak. ‘Edizione critica delle opere di Gioachino Rossini’, vii. ( Fondazione Rossini, Pesaro, 1982.) WILLIAM J. GATENS WILLIAM J. GATENS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 68, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/68.1.94 Published: 01 January 1987

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Deep learning-based classification of multi-categorical Alzheimer's disease data.

It is urgent to find the appropriate technology for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the unknown AD etiopathologies that bring about serious social problems. Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has pivotal importance in delaying or preventing the AD onset. Herein, we utilize deep learning (DL) techniques for the purpose of multiclass classification between normal control, MCI, and AD subjects. We used multi-categorical data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) including brain imaging measurements, cognitive test results, cerebrospinal fluid measures, ApoE4 status, and age. We achieved an overall accuracy of 87.197% for our artificial neural network classifier and a similar overall accuracy of 88.275% for our 1D convolutional neural network classifier. We conclude that DL-based techniques are powerful tools in analyzing ADNI data although further method refinements are needed.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cardiovascular Brachytherapy Using Betacath

Blocked cardiac vessels pose a major clinical problem in modern world. Dilating blocked vessels by balloon angioplasty results in restenosis, mainly due to the excessive tissue repair. Use of radiation after angioplasty may help in arresting or preventing restenosis. Novoste BetaCath device uses 90Sr beta source train to deliver radiation dose to the injury site. A series of tests have to be carried out when a new device is received in the department and also just before and immediately after each treatment. The dose delivered at the prescription point depends upon the vessel diameter and the presence or absence of a stent. 57 patients were treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) between July 1999 and November 2002. Of these, 14 (25%) patients had reference vessel diameter (RVD) between 2.7 and 3.3 mm, while 43 (75%) had RVD between 3.3 and 4 mm. The follow-up results for all of these patients have been very good. Only one radiation incident has been experienced at RPAH with no noticeable radiation exposure to the staff involved.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia: Two cases and a short review

Dapsone is a cheap and widely used drug in many diseases. It can rarely cause dose-independent methemoglobinemia. The key to managing such cases is strong clinical suspicion and prompt discontinuation of the drug. Effective antidote is methylene blue which can rapidly reverse effects in seriously ill patients. Here, we present two such cases that we came across who were managed differently and successfully at our center.

Topic: Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A new perspective on microRNA-guided gene regulation specificity, and its potential generalization to transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins

Abstract Our conception of gene regulation specificity has undergone profound changes over the last 20 years. Previously, regulators were considered to control few genes, recognized with exquisite specificity by a ‘lock and key’ mechanism. However, recently genome-wide exploration of regulator binding site occupancy (whether on DNA or RNA targets) revealed extensive lists of molecular targets for every studied regulator. Such poor biochemical specificity suggested that each regulator controls many genes, collectively contributing to biological phenotypes. Here, I propose a third model, whereby regulators’ biological specificity is only partially due to ‘lock and key’ biochemistry. Rather, regulators affect many genes at the microscopic scale, but biological consequences for most interactions are attenuated at the mesoscopic scale: only a few regulatory events propagate from microscopic to macroscopic scale; others are made inconsequential by homeostatic mechanisms. This model is well supported by the microRNA literature, and data suggest that it extends to other regulators. It reconciles contradicting observations from biochemistry and comparative genomics on one hand and in vivo genetics on the other hand, but this conceptual unification is obscured by common misconceptions and counter-intuitive modes of graphical display. Profound understanding of gene regulation requires conceptual clarification, and better suited statistical analyses and graphical representation.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Architecture Information in Construction Environment in Malaysia

This paper aims to look at the current construction environment in Malaysia to examine and review all aspects of the information used during construction. An educational building selected as a case study in order to have through a monitor of the construction processes. This involves information and problems involves during the construction progress and sustainable practice. This study focus on the progress in the construction environment in Malaysia related to the management of information in the area of construction to provide new knowledge about the sustainability in construction progress. The paper concludes with a brief discussion and finding that can be used by future researchers, consultants, construction teams and the community.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Replacement of a hopeless maxillary central incisor: a technique for the fabrication of an immediate implant-supported interim restoration.

Placement of a dental implant and an interim restoration in the esthetic zone immediately following tooth extraction is now a common procedure. However, in such clinical situations, the fabrication of an appropriate interim restoration may be challenging. The aim of this article is to present a technique for modifying the extracted tooth so it can be used as an implant-supported interim restoration.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Infection among Patients with Hematologic Disorders – Serology and Molecular Based Cross- Sectional Study in Khartoum, Sudan

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus types-1 (HTLV -1) is well-established risk for the developing Hematological malignancies including adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in patients with hematologic malignancies in Khartoum state by using serological and molecular approaches. During the period from April to September 2019 a total of 106 blood samples were obtained from Hematological Malignancy patients including AML, CML, CLL, ALL, MDS and ATLL. The presence of malignancy was confirmed by using IHC, Molecular and cytogenetic studies. Both males and females were included. A volume of 6 ml blood sample was collected from each patient and tested for the presence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Those with positive serology test were confirmed by detection of Proviral gene by using PCR. Data were analyzed by using spss version 19. The study participants were including 72 (67.9%) males and 34 (32.9%) females. The average age of the study population was 41± 12.4. The result of serology test reveals that out of 106 serum samples examined 7 (6.6%) were positive for HTLV-1 antibody test including 5 males and 2 females. All positive cases were confirmed by PCR and identified with the proviral pX-S gene. Of the HTLV-1 positive cases, three were diagnosed with CML, two were diagnosed with AML in addition to one male patient was diagnosed with ATLL as well as another one male patient diagnosed with CLL. In conclusion, our results show a similar prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in patients with hematologic disorders in comparison to other studies conducted on the African general population. Larger case control based studies with inclusion of more sample size are essential to corroborate the study evidence.

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Wedelia sp. (201765)

<b>Kingdom: </b>Plantae<br><b>Division: </b>Magnoliophyta<br><b>Class: </b>Eudicots<br><b>Order: </b>Asterales<br><b>Family: </b>Asteraceae<br><b>Scientific name: </b>Wedelia sp. <br><b>Specimen barcode: </b>201765

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mobile anti-vehicle barrier made of high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete

The article presents a mobile anti-vehicle barrier created from a high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete, which resembles a historical design of the Czech Hedgehog barrier. The performance of this design when subjected to a moderate velocity vehicle impact was evaluated. A preliminary crash test provided basic data to perform an optimisation of the design using numerical simulations conducted in LS-DYNA. Several key observations were made regarding the crucial role of the barrier-surface interactions and overall barrier behaviour. Based on the simulations, improved geometry of the barrier was proposed and subjected to more full-scale crash tests with various barrier placements. The improved barrier design was able to stop an ordinary road vehicle weighing 1300 kg moving with a velocity of 48 km/h while retaining beneficial characteristics, most importantly low weight.

Topic: Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences