jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PowerPoint Slides for: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activates the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD3 Pathway in Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells

<strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Kidney injury, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a worldwide health problem. Hypoxia and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are well-known factors that promote kidney injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and SMAD3 are their main downstream transcriptional factors. Hypoxia-HIF pathway and TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway play a crucial role in the progression of kidney injury. However, reports on their interactions are limited, and the global transcriptional regulation under their control is almost unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Kidney tubular epithelial cells were cultured and stimulated by hypoxia and TGF-β. We detected global binding sites of HIF-1α and SMAD3 in cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq), and measured the gene expression using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). ChIP-quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantitatively evaluate bindings of SMAD3. <b><i>Results:</i></b> ChIP-Seq revealed that 2,065 and 5,003 sites were bound by HIF-1α and SMAD3, respectively, with 614 sites co-occupied by both factors. RNA-Seq showed that hypoxia and TGF-β stimulation causes synergistic upregulation of 249 genes, including collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1, which are well-known to be involved in fibrosis. Ontology of the 249 genes implied that the interaction of HIF-1α and SMAD3 is related to biological processes such as fibrosis. ChIP-qPCR of SMAD3 at HIF-1α binding sites near COL1A1 and SERPINE1 indicated that HIF-1α promotes the bindings of SMAD3, which is induced by TGF-β. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings suggest that HIF-1α induced by hypoxia activates the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. This mechanism may promote kidney injury, especially by upregulating genes related to fibrosis.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Asthma in children].

Asthma is the most common chronic condition in paediatrics. Nowadays the prevalence is of multi-factorial origin. Clinical symptoms in children are often deceptive (isolated cough, winter bronchitis, caused by effort) often to the point of delaying diagnosis. This depends on a network of clinical arguments established by indispensable complementary investigations (thoracic plate and exploration of respiratory function). Search for atopy is systematic whatever the age of the child. Therapeutic care includes educative programmes for both children and their parents. Basal treatment is necessary when the asthma is persistent. Recourse must be made to drugs of which the type and dosage vary according to the state of development. Inhaled corticosteroid is often indicated for a prolonged period. Indications for specific desensitization are now well codified. The concern cases where the allergy has a significant impact on the development of the asthma. Individualised reception plans give a better integration of asthmatic children into school.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Relevance of Genetic Heterogeneity

Despite advances in biomedicine, the incidence and the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain high. The majority of HCC cases are diagnosed in later stages leading to the less than optimal outcome of the treatments. Molecular targeted therapy with sorafenib, a dual-target inhibitor targeting the serine-threonine kinase Raf and the tyrosine kinases VEGFR/PDGFR, is at present the main treatment for advanced-stage HCC, either in a single or combinatory regimen. However, it was observed in a large number of patients that its effectiveness is hampered by drug resistance. HCC is highly heterogeneous, within the tumor and among individuals, and this influences disease progression, classification, prognosis, and naturally cellular susceptibility to drug resistance. This review aims to provide an insight on how HCC heterogeneity influences the different primary mechanisms of chemoresistance against sorafenib including reduced drug intake, enhanced drug efflux, intracellular drug metabolism, alteration of molecular targets, activation/inactivation of signaling pathways, changes in the DNA repair machinery, and negative balance between apoptosis and survival of the cancer cells. The diverse variants, mutations, and polymorphisms in molecules and their association with drug response can be a helpful tool in treatment decision making. Accordingly, the existence of heterogeneous biomarkers in the tumor must be considered to strengthen multi-target strategies in patient-tailored treatment.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Hierarchical Framework for Collaborative Artificial Intelligence

We propose a hierarchical framework for collaborative intelligent systems. This framework organizes research challenges based on the nature of the collaborative activity and the information that must be shared, with each level building on capabilities provided by lower levels. We review research paradigms at each level, with a description of classical engineering-based approaches and modern alternatives based on machine learning, illustrated with a running example using a hypothetical personal service robot. We discuss cross-cutting issues that occur at all levels, focusing on the problem of communicating and sharing comprehension, the role of explanation and the social nature of collaboration. We conclude with a summary of research challenges and a discussion of the potential for economic and societal impact provided by technologies that enhance human abilities and empower people and society through collaboration with Intelligent Systems.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Bio-Fertilization on Vegetative Growth of Yong Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) Thompson Seedless and Olivetti Noier cultivars

Abstract This study was conducted in the grape vineyard of Department of Horticulture and landscape design/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul on Thompson Seedless and Olivette noir grape cultivars ( Vitis vinifera L.) at three years old, by using Split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three factors, three replications and two vines for each experimental unit, First factor was grape cultivars (Thompson Seedless and Olivette noir), second factor was inoculation with Bacillus subtilis bacteria with three levels (0, 20 and 40 g vine -1 ) third factor was Trichoderma harzianum fungi with three levels (0, 20 and 40 g vine -1 ) too, in addition to control treatment (without inoculation), as the inoculation with the bacterial and fungus was carried out once on a season according to the treatments in 18 March. To study the effect of each factor separately and the interactions between factors. These fertilizers were used to improving the vegetative growth. The obtained results indicated that application of 40g vine -1 of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum on Thompson Seedless and Olivette noir cultivars individually or interaction with each other caused a significant increase in the branches length, leaf area, leaves area of vine, total carbohydrate in the leaves and dry weight of leaves, while application of 20 g vine -1 of Bacillus subtilis + 40 g vine -1 of Trichoderma harzianum of Olivette noir grape cultivar gave the highest value for the total chlorophyll content in leaves.

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Use of Aromatization and Smart Solutions in Selected Economic Sectors

The publication The Use of Aromatization and Smart Solutions in Selected Economic Sectors provides the basis for a systematic review of the synergistic interplay between brain, physiological and psychological processes with aromachology, which is currently absent, as is an assessment of their economic efficiency and effectiveness in selected sectors of the national economy, namely manufacturing, trade and services. Innovative research solutions and consumer neuroscience represented by biometric, neuroscience and behavioral studies in both real and laboratory conditions enable businesses to make more effective strategic decisions. Subject of interest is the investigation of the targeted impact of the deployment of aroma in spaces on behaviour of visitors, customers and employees, as in both domestic and foreign markets the number of companies implementing aroma technology (i.e. aromatizing their facilities or create brand olfactory traces) and at the same time practically apply it in various sectors. The publication is important for future studies and investigations that can confirm the impact of scent on the economic efficiency of companies, influence on customers shopping or spending time in the shop, i.e. in the real shopping area. It also includes new relevant knowledge in this field not only by using the knowledge gained through biometric and neuroimaging methods, but also by involving new information and communication technologies.The publication was supported by the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnerships project "Implementation of Consumer Neuroscience and Smart Research Solutions in Aromachology" (NEUROSMARTOLOGY), no. 2018-1-SK01-KA203-046324.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Resource Usage Accounting in Grid Computing

Large, geographically distributed and heterogeneous computing infrastructures, such as the Grid, often span multiple organizations and administrative domains. In such infrastructures, resource usage accounting, i.e. keeping track of the resources consumed by single users or entire organizations, is a non-trivial but very important task. This chapter introduces some general aspects and discusses the fundamental requirements that need to be fulfilled in order to guarantee an accurate resource usage accounting. Typical accounting procedures and current practices are described along with other related issues such as the normalization of resource usage information, the standardization of accounting interfaces, billing and charging, resource pricing, market-oriented resource allocation and economic scheduling.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

Topic: Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Release of prostaglandins from the isolated frog ventricle and associated changes in endogenous cyclic nucleotide levels.

1. A study has been made of the decline in contractility and some associated metabolic changes which occur in the isolated frog ventricle during the development of hypodynamic depression. 2. The release of two identified prostaglandins (PG), E1 and E2, together with several as yet unknown prostaglandin‐related substances (PRS), accompanies the development of hypodynamic depression. There is a close correlation between the extent to which the isometric twitch is depressed and the quantity of prostaglandin released into the superfusate. 3. Fractionation of extracts of ‘used’ superfusates, using preparative‐scale thin‐layer chromatography, revealed the presence of six major components, four of which (PGE1 and PGE2 and two unidentified components) were found to be cardioactive and potentiated contraction when tested subsequently on hypodynamic preparations. 4. Two agents which influence prostaglandin biosynthesis, arachidonic acid and indomethacin, are found to affect both the rate at which the hypodynamic state develops and the extent to which the ‘steady‐state’ twitch tension is depressed, in a dose‐dependent manner. Indomethacin, a PG‐synthetase inhibitor, accelerates the decay and depresses the final ‘steady‐state’ tension attained, whereas arachidonic acid, the principal precursor for prostaglandin biosynthesis, has the converse effects. 5. Measurements of endogenous 3'5'‐cyclic nucleotide levels reveal a time‐dependent decrease in intracellular adenosine 3'5'‐cyclic monophosphate (3'5'‐cyclic AMP) and a concomitant increase in guanosine 3'5’ cyclic monophosphate (3'5'‐cyclic GMP). The decline in isometric twitch tension is paralleled almost exactly by an equivalent reduction in the ratio 3'5'‐cyclic AMP: 3'5'‐cyclic GMP. 6. Superfusion of isolated ventricles with Ringer solution containing exogenous, lipid‐soluble derivatives of 3'5'‐cyclic AMP and 3'5'‐cyclic GMP affects both the rate of decline of the isometric twitch and the steady‐state tension ultimately reached: thus, 8‐bromo‐3'5'‐cyclic GMP accelerates the decline in contractility and depresses the steady‐state level, whereas dibutyryl 3'5'‐cyclic AMP delays the development of hypodynamic depression, and elevates the final twitch tension. The effects of both 3'5’ cyclic nucleotide derivatives are dose‐dependent. 7. The possible involvement of prostaglandins and 3'5'‐cyclic nucleotides as causal agents in the mechanism of hypodynamic depression is discussed. The biochemical basis for the implied antangonistic effects of 3'5'‐cyclic AMP and 3'5'‐cyclic GMP in regulating ventricular contractility is considered in the following paper (Flitney &amp; Singh, 1980).

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on the Growth of Tobacco Roots : V. Studies on the elongation of isolated roots in vitro

In order to examine the growth potency of excised roots varying in length, diameter and density in the culture medium, some experiments were tried on the view point of tissue culture. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The elongation of isolated roots was better in the order of the class, A.B.C and D roots whose length were 8, 16, 24, 34 and 43 mm respectively. With regard to the growth within the same class, longer excised roots gave better result in compared with shorter ones. 2. The optimum number of root for the growth in liquid medium was found to be 5∼7 when the roots were used excised to the length of 10∼20mm. 3. The optimum root diameter for the growth of isolated roots was 0.42 mm at the base of root cap. On the other hand, the roots with larger diameter gave inferior effect.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Collision Avoidance in Dynamic Environment by Estimation of Velocity and Location of Object by Robot using Parallax

Collision avoidance is a challenging problem in robot navigation. There are two type of collision avoidance approach i.e. path planning algorithm and control algorithm. Control algorithm proven very useful for dynamic environment. In control method robot use sensing to close a feedback path and interact with the environment. This sensing feedback loop can be completed by using Camera in robot.Visual parallax is very useful for generation of 3D information of environment for robotic system. Here the authors describe the use of visual parallax in humanoid robotic system for estimation of velocity and location of object that present in environment. The location and velocity of object gives the useful information to plan a collision free path by robot in that environment. Accuracy, robustness, and applicability of this method wastest by simulation. The authors show that this approach gives an accurate and robust estimation of velocity and a distance of object. This information simplifies the difficult task of collision avoidance in dynamic environment.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Review of Polypharmacy in the Elderly and Its Management Strategies

With the increase in the elderly population and the increase in life expectancy, the possibility of chronic diseases and the use of several drugs at the same time has increased, which can cause harmful drug interactions and reactions.This research is a review study that was conducted by searching the keywords poly-pharmacy, elderly, and prevalence in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, Magiran, and Sid databases in the period of 2005-2023.According to the findings, the highest prevalence of polypharmacy was in the age groups of 70-74 and 80-84, and polypharmacy was related to the demographic characteristics and health status of the individual and the characteristics of the health center.Also, studies have shown that there is a relationship between the source of obtaining information about drugs and the polypharmacy consumption pattern.To prevent drug side effects, the necessity of continuous monitoring of elderly drugs has been emphasized in various articles.The results of the studies showed that the use of strategies such as; interaction between doctor and pharmacist, educating the elderly about the dangers of self-inflicted use of medicines, informing the elderly about the limitations of using herbal medicines, using electronic tools to monitor the process of taking medicines and using protocols and guidelines for prescribing medicines can reduce to a great extent the multiplicity of drug regimens in the drug regimen of the elderly and make the use of drugs in this age group much easier.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
IL-6 and VEGF expression in cervical cancer and their clinical role

Objective:To elucidate the clinical role of IL-6 expression in cervical cancer,and its relation with VEGF.Methods:Forty-five cervical cancer patients and twenty-three myoma of uterus with chronic cervictits receiving hysterectomy were enrolled.Meanwhile,twenty CIN tissues were enrolled in the study.Immunohistochemical staining(SABC、SP) was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and VEGF.Results:IL-6 and VEGF was mainly expressed in the celluar membrane and /or cytoplasm in tumor cells and dysplastic cells.IL-6 was mainly expressed in the celluar membrane and /or cytoplasm in basal cells and epithelial cells of chronic cervictits tissues.Positive rates of IL-6 expression in chronic cervictits,CIN and cervical cancer were 23.10%,70.00% and 84.40%,respectively.increased among three groups(P0.05 or P0.01).Positive rates of expression of VEGF in chronic cervictits、CIN and cervical cancer were 0%,50.0%,and 80.0%,respectively.increased among three groups(P0.05 or P0.01).The expression of IL-6 correlated with tumor sizes,stromal invasion and VEGF expression(P0.05).Conclusions:IL-6 level increases in cancer tissues.And the possible role is that IL-6 has a stimulating effect on tumor development and participate in angiogenesis in cervical cancer.

Topic: Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A scoping review and behavioural analysis of factors underlying overuse of antimicrobials

Abstract Background Overuse of antimicrobials is a challenging global issue that contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Despite widespread awareness of the problem among members of the medical community and various attempts to improve prescription practices, existing antimicrobial stewardship programmes are not always effective. In our view, this may reflect limited understanding of factors that influence prescription of antimicrobials as empirical therapy, implying a need to address the psychological mechanisms behind some of the specific behaviours involved. Objectives To identify factors that influence the antimicrobials prescription as empirical therapy, and to relate these factors to findings from behavioural science. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature on the factors underlying antimicrobial prescription decisions, following the protocol designed using PRISMA guidelines. Results and conclusions From a final sample of 90 sources, we identified ten factors important in antimicrobial prescription decisions. In the second stage of our analysis, we grouped them into five final categories: (1) nature of the decision, (2) social influences, (3) individual differences, (4) characteristics of the patient, (5) context. We analyse these categories using a behavioural science perspective.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
B291 Low dose of spinal administration of levobupivacaine in combined spinal epidural anesthesia with epidural volume extention for cesarean section in two pregnants with multiple sclerosis

<h3>Background and Aims</h3> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing and remitting disease that may include symptoms of sensory or motor deficits, optic neuritis, bowel or bladder dysfunction, ataxia. Epidural administration of LA for cesarean delivery has historically been thought to be less risky for patients with MS than a spinal technique. This report related to the use of low dose combined spinal epidural anesthesia and epidural volume extension for cesarean section in two pregnant with multiple sclerosis <h3>Methods</h3> Two pregnant, 34 and 38 years old, are scheduled for an elective cesarean section for obstetric reasons. After informal consent and the same characteristics of gestation without complication, asymptomatic disease of MS for years and standard monitoring, combined spinal epidural technique was performed with the women in sitting position, level L3-L4, with intrathecal administration of 1,6 ml Levobupivacaine 0,5% + fentanyl 20γ and placed epidural catheter. <h3>Results</h3> After 10 minutes the sensitive block was achieved at T8 level. 5 ml of epidural saline was administrated and 5 minutes later the sensitive block was at T6. The women remained with stable blood pressure and cardiac rhythm with low dose of neosynephrine. The cesarean sections developed without complications. Into the Recovery Room the patients had Grade II motor blockade (Bromage scale) without complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A small dose of spinal Levobupivacaine can induce adequate analgesic levels with lower incidence of hypotension and motor block (in relation to sensitive) and the epidural injection of saline afterwards stabilize the safety and duration of analgesia to these patients, offers advantages over alternative techniques.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences