jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Low-Coherence interference microscopy of the internal structure of crystallized blood plasma

The possibility of using full-field low-coherence (white light) interferometry to investigate the surface profile and the internal spatial structure of crystallized drops of blood plasma and to study plasma structuring in real time is discussed. The experimental microtomograms of the central and peripheral regions of a plasma drop are presented. A method is proposed to estimate the contact angle using two-dimensional cross sections of the drop optical structure in the peripheral region.

Topic: Blood properties and coagulation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Student Plagiarism in an Online World

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the problem of student plagiarism in an environment where use of the Internet is commonplace. What is plagiarism, and to what extent is it a problem? Why do students plagiarize, and what are typical attitudes towards such plagiarism? Why are academics, and institutions themselves, often reluctant to progress cases through official channels? What are some of the technologies used by students to plagiarise, and by academics to detect plagiarism? What solutions are possible, and what potential solutions might be just over the horizon? This chapter attempts to provide answers to all of these questions.

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
‘Bright scientific moles’ v. ‘goodwill ambassador extroverts’: Choosing a Fulbright scholar

Tensions between Australia and the US over administration of the Fulbright program soon became apparent in contests over which researchers should be given awards. The US retained control over the decisions within the Board of Foreign Scholarships in Washington and on occasion exerted pressure about the kind of scholars that were wanted. Australian selection committees tended to favour scientists, the US wanted to send humanities and social science scholars as more appropriate interpreters of culture. From these discussions we can see what US cultural diplomacy looked like and what influences were brought to bear.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hierarchical N-Body problem on graphics processor unit

Galactic simulation is an important cosmological computation, and represents a classical N-body problem suitable for implementation on vector processors. Barnes-Hut algorithm is a hierarchical N-Body method used to simulate such galactic evolution systems.\nStream processing architectures expose data locality and concurrency available in multimedia applications. On the other hand, there are numerous compute-intensive scientific or engineering applications that can potentially benefit from such computational and communication models. These applications are traditionally implemented on vector processors.\nStream architecture based graphics processor units (GPUs) present a novel computational alternative for efficiently implementing such high-performance applications. Rendering on a stream architecture sustains high performance, while user-programmable modules allow implementing complex algorithms efficiently. GPUs have evolved over the years, from being fixed-function pipelines to user programmable processors.\nIn this thesis, we focus on the implementation of Barnes-Hut algorithm on typical current-generation programmable GPUs. We exploit computation and communication requirements present in Barnes-Hut algorithm to expose their suitability for user-programmable GPUs. Our implementation of the Barnes-Hut algorithm is formulated as a fragment shader targeting the selected GPU. We discuss implementation details, design issues, results, and challenges encountered in programming the fragment shader.

Topic: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nutritional profile and benefits of avocado oil (Persea americana ): an integrative review

Abstract The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on the quality of the lipid profile and bioactive compounds present in avocado oil, as well as its potential benefits to human health. Papers were identified, published in the Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and Web of Science databases, as well as in the Digital Thesis and Dissertation Library. The survey found data on the lipid profiles and bioactive contents of avocado oils extracted from the varieties Margarida, Quintal, Fortuna, Ouro Verde, Hass and Fuerte. Avocado oil is characterized by high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (60%), intermediate contents of saturated fatty acids (24%) and low contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (16%). The fatty acid oleic acid (omega-9) is the one with the highest concentration (approximately 55%). The major sterols, tocopherols and carotenoids found were β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol and lutein, respectively. Avocado oil has physicochemical properties similar to those of olive oil. In animal models, it is able to prevent the cerebral and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes, associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, LDL-c and lipid peroxidation. Its benefits are attributed mainly to the oleic acid concentrations for their cardio-protective activity, β-sitosterol for its anti-inflammatory properties, and α-tocopherol and lutein for their antioxidant properties. Thus avocado oil stands out for its high contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids and phytosterols. Analyses in animal models coupled with quality and safety analyses have attested to the benefits of avocado oil and the possibility of introducing it for edible use, replacing inferior quality oils and creating a new gastronomic alternative for the consumer.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Unit Hydrograph Model Considering Spatio-Temporal Variation of Rainfall

For many years,the impaction of watershed morphologic and topographic structure and spatio-temporal variation of rainfall on unit hydrograph has been the key question in studying method of watershed flow routing.This paper introduced the traditional classifications of unit hydrograph according to the spatio-temporal variation and analyzed their disadvantages.A new S-curve method considering the spatio-temporal variation of rainfall was proposed.The relationship between the parameters of the new S-curve equation and the barycenter of storm and the intensity of rainfall was found.The unit hydrograph with changing position of storm barycenter and intensity of rainfall can be built by using this method,which has the characteristics of Sherman unit hydrograph and also consider the temporal-spatial variation.

Topic: Environmental and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alcohol and Suicide - Durkheim Revisited

The paper reviews Durkheim's theory of suicide, with particular reference to his treat ment of alcohol as a causal factor. It is argued that Durkheim views alcohol as an individual-level factor, rather than as a socio-cultural factor on a par with other social facts This conception is criticized, as is Durkheim's analysis of his data It is argued that the rate of alcohol abuse in society is a social fact that has an explanatory power beyond the level of individual suicides. Some possible causal links between the social suicide rate and rates of alcohol abuse are discussed.

Topic: Social Representations and Identity
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Carcinoma of the bronchus with unsuspected microscopic resection-line involvement

In a series of 560 pulmonary resections for bronchial carcinoma, unsuspected microscopic tumor was present at the bronchial resection margin in 26 patients (4.5%). Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given in two patients. In follow-up times ranging from 1 to 72 months (mean, 22 months), 58% of patients were alive and free of recurrent disease. Twelve patients underwent periodic surveillance bronchoscopy in an attempt to identify early local recurrence. Eighty-three percent of these patients were alive and disease-free in follow-up times from 4 to 72 months (mean, 29.7 months). Only one choscopies. It was concluded that microscopic residual resection-line tumor does not preclude prolonged survival and that no benefit from surveillance bronchoscopy could be demonstrated in this small patient sample.

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Magnetization of the Cambrian Lamotte Formation in Missouri

The Upper Cambrian Lamotte formation of South-eastern Missouri in Central United States is a white sandstone which, though very weakly magnetized, is amenable to investigation by standard palaeomagnetic techniques. Out of the total of 150 oriented cores, 134 specimens were found to possess measurable intensities of the order of 1 × 10−6 emu cm−3. Though thermal cleaning does not produce reliable results, magnetic cleaning yields three groupings of significant directions of magnetization, two of which are associated with the lower coarse grained part of the formation and one with its fine grained upper layers. The first two are believed to be associated with secondary magnetization, one representing the direction of the Carboniferous geomagnetic field. The third group subdivides into two subgroups based on sampling of a columnar section near the top of the formation and is associated with the original magnetization of depositional origin. The palaeomagnetic poles of these two subgroups are situated at 160° W, 38° S and 155° E, 11.5° S respectively and are thought to represent two distinct phases of Upper Cambrian geomagnetic field. Mineralogical studies and investigations of the magnetic properties of the sandstone show that the magnetic minerals carrying the magnetization are members of the ilmenite-haematite series of the same average grain size (∼15μ) in both types of rock. The magnetization of the coarse grained part is mainly of chemical origin and is carried predominantly by an homogeneous ilmenite-haematite solid solution, while that of the fine grained part is associated with specular haematite and titanohaematite containing ilmenite lamellae. Both types of sandstone, but especially the coarse grained type, contain titanohaematite with microintergrowths, as well as finely divided haematite in a demagnetized state. Heat treatment of the fine grained sandstone for 6 hr at 735 °C changes its magnetic behaviour to that of the coarse grained type. The results suggest also that the stable part of remanence in natural haematite is that of the lattice defect moment with a ferrimagnetic Curie point at 725 °C. Comparison of the Upper Cambrian and Carboniferous Lamotte palaeomagnetic poles with the corresponding poles for European rocks suggests that North America and Europe have been drifting apart since Upper Palaeozoic. The results indicate that despite Post-Cambrian re-magnetization of the Lamotte sandstone a considerable part of the formation has retained its original Cambrian magnetization.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
<i>The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval west. From the beginning to 1600</i>. By Colin Morris. Pp. xxv+427 incl. 2 maps and 34 figs. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. £55. 0 19 826928 5

The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval west. From the beginning to 1600. By Colin Morris. Pp. xxv+427 incl. 2 maps and 34 figs. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. £55. 0 19 826928 5 - Volume 57 Issue 2

Topic: Historical and Religious Studies of Rome
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategies for the Dairy Industry in South-Western Victoria, Australia

In Australia, the dairy industry generates 8.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (t CO2e) per year (Christie et al. 2011). Most greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the dairy sector are high global warming potential gases such as methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide (N2O) from cattle urine and nitrogen (N) based fertilizers, contributing to climate change issues. Several GHG abatement options are available to dairy farmers, including increasing diet quality, feeding oils and reducing replacement rates (Eckard et al. 2010), but little assessment of their effectiveness has been carried out at a farm system level. The two objectives of this study were: first, to quantify GHG emissions from pasture-based dairy production systems in southwestern Victoria; second, to identify GHG abatement strategies and examining their effects on reducing farm emissions.

Topic: Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A dynamic radio channel assignment considering data packet length and channel quality

We propose a dynamic assignment method of radio channels using their qualities and data packet sizes. In this method, a high quality channel is assigned for long packets and a low quality channel is assigned for short packets. Assuming a packet transfer method based on PHS (Personal Handy System) procedure, the transfer speed and delay characteristics are investigated by computer simulation and compared with conventional method (i.e. random assignment). Both the transfer speed characteristics and delay performance are improved under light traffic load.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ACG Clinical Guideline: Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Watch a video presentation of this article Watch an interview with the author In August 2019, the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) published a clinical guideline on the management of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) to address recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of HH. Included in this highlight are the key concepts from the guideline, as well as the recommended algorithm to screen, diagnose, and treat patients with possible HH. Please listen to Dr. Kowdley discuss the important updates and impact on patient management from this publication.

Topic: Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Zinc, hydrochlorothiazide and sexual dysfunction.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that hydrochlorothiazide a diuretic used to treat hypertension depletes body zinc and thereby cause sexual dysfunction. Serum zinc and sexual dysfunction were measured in 39 middle aged hypertensive men who had been taking hydrochlorothiazide in average daily doses of between 25 and 50 mg daily for at least six months, and a control group of 27 unmedicated middle aged normotensive men. The medicated group had a higher incidence of sexual dysfunction (56 pc) as compared to 11 pc in the control group. The use of hydrochlorothiazide did affect serum zinc levels significantly in 20 patients. Sexual dysfunction occurred more often in older and overweight patients (p < 0.004). Three of the normotensive men experienced sexual dysfunction probably related to old age. Twenty two of the 39 on hydrochlorothiazide and experiencing sexual dysfunction were divided into two groups of 11 patients. Bloods were taken from the 27 normotensive and 22 hypertensive men receiving hydrochlorothiazide for the analyses of zinc. Subsequently one group of the patients were supplemented with zinc 500 mg daily for 30 days while the other group was supplemented with magnesium chloride 1 g daily for 30 days. The normotensive men were not treated. After 30 days, bloods were again taken from the three groups of analyses for zinc and magnesium. Serum zinc was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by hydrochlorothiazide and a non significant decrease in serum magnesium (p = ns) was observed. After supplementation with zinc, the serum zinc levels returned to normal only in eight patients. There was improvement in the symptoms of sexual dysfunction in five patients. Two patients gained weight. Hydrochlorothiazide decreased serum zinc levels (p < 0.05) and was unchanged with magnesium supplementation but the serum magnesium returned to normal values. Improvement of symptoms of sexual dysfunction was positive in one patient. This study shows that low serum zinc levels may be associated with sexual dysfunction but the definitive role of zinc in the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction will remain controversial.

Topic: Pregnancy-related medical research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LQ-Adapter: ViT-Adapter with Learnable Queries for Gallbladder Cancer Detection from Ultrasound Image

We focus on the problem of Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) detection from Ultrasound (US) images. The problem presents unique challenges to modern Deep Neural Network (DNN) techniques due to low image quality arising from noise, textures, and viewpoint variations. Tackling such challenges would necessitate precise localization performance by the DNN to identify the discerning features for the downstream malignancy prediction. While several techniques have been proposed in the recent years for the problem, all of these methods employ complex custom architectures. Inspired by the success of foundational models for natural image tasks, along with the use of adapters to fine-tune such models for the custom tasks, we investigate the merit of one such design, ViT-Adapter, for the GBC detection problem. We observe that ViT-Adapter relies predominantly on a primitive CNN-based spatial prior module to inject the localization information via cross-attention, which is inefficient for our problem due to the small pathology sizes, and variability in their appearances due to non-regular structure of the malignancy. In response, we propose, LQ-Adapter, a modified Adapter design for ViT, which improves localization information by leveraging learnable content queries over the basic spatial prior module. Our method surpasses existing approaches, enhancing the mean IoU (mIoU) scores by 5.4%, 5.8%, and 2.7% over ViT-Adapters, DINO, and FocalNet-DINO, respectively on the US image-based GBC detection dataset, and establishing a new state-of-the-art (SOTA). Additionally, we validate the applicability and effectiveness of LQ-Adapter on the Kvasir-Seg dataset for polyp detection from colonoscopy images. Superior performance of our design on this problem as well showcases its capability to handle diverse medical imaging tasks across different datasets. Code is released at https://github.com/ChetanMadan/LQ-Adapter

Topic: Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trichosanthes Japonica Agglutinin I Staining of Human Colonic Carcinoma: A Comparative Study Using Monoclonal Antibody Against Sialosyl-Tn Antigen.

Trichosanthesjaponica agglutinin I (TJA-I) having a high affinity to the NeuAcα2-6Galβ1-4GIcNAc terminal sequence was used for an immunohistochemical study to analyze the expression of the NeuAcα2-6Gal structure in human colonic tissues. A TJA-I binding substance was detected in the mucosa of colonic carcinoma, but not in the normal and transitional mucosa. The TJA-I staining was correlated with the degree of histo logical differentiation of the carcinoma. TJA-I preferentially stained well-differentiated and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. In the carcinoma containing mucin lakes, the TJA-I staining reaction was either weak in intensity or negative. A comparative study using monoclonal antibody against sialosyl-Tn antigen (NeuAcα2-6-GaINAc) known to be expressed in colonic carcinoma tissues revealed that the areas exhibiting strong expressions of siaosyl-Tn antigen separated from the areas vividly reactive for the TJA-I staining. In addition, the expression of sialosyl-Tn antigen, unlike the TJA-I staining, was strong in the mucinous areas of the carcinoma. The results obtained in the present study suggest the possibility that a comparative staining method with TJA-I and monoclonal antibody against sialosyl-Tn antigen could be helpful to the diagnosis of human colonic carcinoma.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tuning a Fully Convolutional Network for Velocity Model Estimation

Abstract Different parameters of a fully convolutional network (FCN) are experimented to evaluate which combination predicts sound velocity models from a single configuration of seismic modeling. The evaluation is made considering some fixed parameters of the deep learning model, such as number of epochs, batch size and loss function, but with variations of the optimizer and activation function. The considered optimizers were RMSprop, Adam and Adamax, whilst the activations functions were the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Leaky ReLU, Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) and Parametric ReLU (PReLU). Five metrics were used to evaluate the model during the testing stage: R2, Pearson's r, factor of two, mean absolute error and mean squared error. To the extent of these experiments, it was found that the optimizers have much more influence than the activation functions when determining the resolution of the output model. The best combination was the one using the PReLU activation function with the Adamax optimizer.

Topic: Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
FIGURE 6 from Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors

&lt;p&gt;TPST-1495 effectively increases survival and modulates the TME in APC&lt;sup&gt;min/+&lt;/sup&gt; mice. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Tumor counts in the small intestine of APC&lt;sup&gt;min/+&lt;/sup&gt; mice. Mice were treated starting at 13 weeks of age for 3 weeks with TPST-1495 (100 mg/kg twice a day, orally), E7046 (150 mg/kg every day, orally), PF04418948 (100 mg/kg every day, orally), or Celecoxib (60 mg/kg every day, orally). Results are representative of multiple experiments with 7–10 mice. &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;, Kaplan–Meier curve of survival of APC&lt;sup&gt;min/+&lt;/sup&gt; mice and log-rank Mantel–Cox &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values of listed comparisons. Mice were ages to 13 weeks, then treated with as in A or with the combination of E7046 and PF04418948 at monotherapy doses, for 6 weeks. Survival was monitored longitudinally and mice were sacrificed as they became moribund. Results are representative of two similar experiments with 8 mice per group. &lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;, IHC of tumor or hyperplasia excised from small intestines of mice from experiment in A. Quantification displays values from one tumor in each biological replicate. TPST-1495 every day and twice a day groups are concatenated because of limited tumor tissue in these groups. Mean and SD are depicted in all graphs and the Student two-sided &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test was used to assess significance between individual groups. ****, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001; ***, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; **, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01; *, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05. BID, twice a day; QD, every day.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences