jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Types of the 3rd Prophet's Herbal: Honey Bees (Salwa)

Health is a hope for every human being. In Islam, maintaining health (hifdzun nafs) is one of the fundamental parts of the main maintenance principles of the Shari'a (maqâsidusy syarî'ah). Islam commands His people always to maintain their health and seek treatment when they are attacked by illness. Honey and vinegar are examples of Thibbun Nabawi at the time of Rasulullah SAW., which has many benefits, especially for health and medicine. This research aims to learn more about the existence of bee honey (Salwa) and vinegar in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, their contents and benefits, and how to process them for health. The research method used is in the form literature review by surveying journal literature that is relevant to the topic. The results of this study indicate that honey and vinegar have various therapeutic properties. Honey can be used as an antimicrobial, wound healer, antifungal, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant, reducing cardiovascular disease risk. While vinegar is generally used for antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, antihypertensive, and many more benefits.

Topic: Families in Therapy and Culture
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Copper(II)-Catalyzed\nAlkoxyhalogenation of Alkynyl\nUreas and Amides as a Route to Haloalkylidene-Substituted Heterocycles

A highly effective synthesis of haloalkylidene-substituted\nheterocycles\nby copper­(II)-catalyzed cyclization of alkynyl ureas and secondary\namides has been developed. The reaction, which involves a catalytic\namount of CuCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and a stoichiometric amount of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-halosuccinimide, occurs selectively through an alkoxyhalogenation\nprocess. Alternatively, alkoxychlorination and alkoxybromination reactions\ncan be performed working solely with stoichiometric CuCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CuBr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, respectively.

Topic: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Use of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies during pregnancy in France: Nationwide study between 2010 and 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently affects women of childbearing age and pregnant women. Objective: To assess the use of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) during pregnancy in France over the last decade, marked by an increasing DMTs availability. Methods: All pregnancies ended from April 2010 to December 2021 in women with MS were identified based on the nationwide Mother–Child Register EPI-MERES, built from the French National Health Data System ( Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS)). Results: Of a total of 20,567 pregnancies in women with MS, 7587 were exposed to DMT. The number of DMT-exposed pregnancies markedly increased from 1079 in 2010–2012 to 2413 in 2019–2021 (+124%), especially those exposed to glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, and anti-CD20. Among pregnancies of women on DMT 6 months before pregnancy, 78.0% underwent DMT discontinuation and 7.6% switched DMT, generally before (33.0% and 77.0%, respectively) or during the first trimester of pregnancy (58.3% and 17.8%, respectively). DMT discontinuation decreased from 84.0% in 2010–2012 to 72.4% in 2019–2021 and was less frequent among women aged ⩾35 years and those socioeconomically disadvantaged. Conclusion: Despite MS therapeutic management adaptations to pregnancy, exposure during pregnancy to treatments whose safety profile has not yet been clearly established has increased sharply over the last decade.

Topic: Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided functional neuronavigation plus intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for microsurgical resection of lesions involving hand motor area].

Intraoperative MRI, functional neuronavigation and neurophysiological monitoring technique are complementary in microsurgery of brain lesions involving hand motor area. Combined use of these techniques can obtain precise location of lesions and hand motor functional structures and allow a maximum resection of lesion and minimization of postoperative neurological deficits.

Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Abstract 286: Role of ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel Openers in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: The ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel dysfunction causes susceptibility to adrenergic atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the therapeutic efficacy of K ATP activation in primary prevention of AF is not known. We hypothesized that K ATP channel opening drugs prevent AF with effective metabolic and mechanosensitive gating of K ATP channels and preserving electro-anatomical stability in atria by regulating oxidative and metabolic states. Methods: This hypothesis was tested in a novel mouse model of AF, cardiac specific LKB1 knockout (KO) mice. Male and female LKB1 KO mice were treated with K ATP channel openers, nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) and diazoxide (10 mg/kg/day). Control group included untreated littermates of the study group. Incidence of AF, structural and electrophysiological property of atria and sex-based differences were analyzed at the 3 months of age in all groups. Results: The incidence of spontaneous AF was significant reduced in LKB1 KO male mice with nicorandil (0%, n=5) and diazoxide (33%, n=6) treatment compare to untreated mice (84.6%, n=13) (p&lt;0.05). The treatment was also effective in female LKB1 KO mice as AF occurred in 37.5% of nicorandil (n=8) and 40% of diazoxide (n=5) (p&lt;0.05) treated mice as oppose to 71% of untreated mice (n=24). The K ATP openers, particularly nicorandil, were more effective in male mice preventing AF. There was 100% risk reduction with nicorandil in male mice compare to 39% with diazoxide. Nicorandil demonstrated 52% risk reduction in female mice while it was 56% with diazoxide treatment. Prevention of AF was associated with preservation of atrial structural and electrical property including size, heart rate and conduction intervals. Biatrial enlargement was significantly prevented by K ATP openers compare to untreated mice. Incidence of AF was significantly higher in male mice than female with or without treatment. Conclusions: Activation of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial K ATP channels prevents AF by preserving electro-anatomical property of atria and decreasing susceptibility to AF. Metabolic regulation of K ATP is essential in AF. Thus, the K ATP openers are novel upstream therapy for primary prevention of AF in vulnerable population.

Topic: Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Oncogenomics of c-Myc transgenic mice reveal novel regulators of extracellular signaling, angiogenesis and invasion with clinical significance for human lung adenocarcinoma

The c-Myc transcription factor is frequently deregulated in cancers. To search for disease diagnostic and druggable targets a transgenic lung cancer disease model was investigated. Oncogenomics identified c-Myc target genes in lung tumors. These were validated by RT-PCR, Western Blotting, EMSA assays and ChIP-seq data retrieved from public sources. Gene reporter and ChIP assays verified functional importance of c-Myc binding sites. The clinical significance was established by RT-qPCR in tumor and matched healthy control tissues, by RNA-seq data retrieved from the TCGA Consortium and by immunohistochemistry recovered from the Human Protein Atlas repository. In transgenic lung tumors 25 novel candidate genes were identified. These code for growth factors, Wnt/β-catenin and inhibitors of death receptors signaling, adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics, invasion and angiogenesis. For 10 proteins over-expression was confirmed by IHC thus demonstrating their druggability. Moreover, c-Myc over-expression caused complete gene silencing of 12 candidate genes, including <i>Bmp6, Fbln1</i> and <i>Ptprb</i> to influence lung morphogenesis, invasiveness and cell signaling events. Conversely, among the 75 repressed genes TNFα and TGF-β pathways as well as negative regulators of IGF1 and MAPK signaling were affected. Additionally, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling and growth suppressive functions were repressed. For 15 candidate genes c-Myc-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional responses in human lung cancer samples were confirmed. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival statistics revealed clinical significance for 59 out of 100 candidate genes, thus confirming their prognostic value. In conclusion, previously unknown c-Myc target genes in lung cancer were identified to enable the development of mechanism-based therapies.

Topic: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Residual SYNTAX score in relation to culprit-plaque characteristics and cardiovascular risk in acute myocardial infarction:an optical coherence tomography study

Abstract Introduction The residual SYNTAX score (rSS) as the SYNTAX remaining after completion of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was proved to be related to poor outcomes. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of culprit-plaque morphology with rSS and the predictive value of rSS for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods A total of 274 STEMI patients undergoing preintervention optical coherence tomography examination were included and divided into 3 groups – rSS=0 (n=72), 0&amp;lt;rss≤8&amp;gt;8 (n=68). Baseline clinical data and culprit-plaque characteristics were compared. MACE was defined as the composite of all-cause death, recurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and unplanned revascularization of any coronary artery. Results There was a significant difference in the prevalence of plaque ruptures, lipid-rich plaques, and calcification among the three groups (plaque rupture: 44.4% versus 59.0% versus 64.7%, lowest to highest rSS, p=0.04; lipid-rich plaque: 40.3% versus 54.5% versus 69.1%, lowest to highest rSS, p=0.003; calcification: 38.9% versus 52.5% versus 61.8%, lowest to highest rSS, p=0.024). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that rSS&amp;gt;8 was an independent predictor for plaque rupture (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.19–4.19, P=0.013). During a mean follow-up of 2.2 years, MACE occurred in 47 (17.2%) patients. In fully adjusted analyses, rSS was independently associated with MACE (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10, P=0.005); patients with rSS &amp;gt;8 had higher MACE risk compared to rSS=0 (HR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.11–6.5, P=0.029). Conclusion In STEMI patients, culprit-plaque morphology was significantly correlated with rSS, and elevated rSS was independently associated with cardiovascular risk.&amp;lt;/rss≤8&amp;gt; Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences OCT findingsSurvival curves according to rSS

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fat metabolism in higher plants: LIII. Characterization of the product of the peanut α‐oxidation system

Abstract The α‐oxidation system of germinated peanut cotyledons was purified some 60‐fold. Throughout the purification procedure the two activities, namely the formation of 2‐hydroxypalmitate and the formation of CO 2 , remained with a single protein fraction. A hydrogen peroxide generating system was still required by the 60‐fold purified system. Unlike the pea leaf system, molecular oxygen was ineffective. D‐2‐Hydroxypalmitic acid accumulates in the reaction mixture as α‐oxidation proceeds while L‐2‐hydroxy‐palmitate does not accumulate. Competition studies with unlabeled L‐2‐hydroxy‐palmitate would suggest it as the intermediate substrate of further breakdown.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Price‐based interference management in dense femtocell systems

SUMMARY Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost‐effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. However, under co‐channel deployment, femtocell system in dense environment may incur high uplink interference to existing macrocells and experiences strong inter‐cell interference at the same time. To manage the uplink interference to macrocell, as well as the inter‐cell interference, this paper proposes a price‐based uplink interference management scheme for dense femtocell systems. Specifically, on the one hand, to guarantee the macrocell users' quality of service, the macrocell base station prices the interference from femtocell users (FUEs) subject to a maximum tolerable interference power constraint. On the other hand, the inter‐cell interference is also taken into consideration. Moreover, a Stackelberg game model is adopted to jointly study the utility maximization of the macrocell base station and FUEs. Then, in order to reduce the amount of information exchange, we design a distributed power allocation algorithm for FUEs. In addition, admission control is adopted to protect the active FUEs' performance. Numerical results show that the price‐based interference management scheme is effective. Meanwhile, it is shown that the distributed power allocation combined with admission control is capable of robustly protecting the performance of all the active FUEs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Serum levels of adipokines in obstructive sleep apnea

<b>Introduction:</b> Levels of adipokines in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and different OSA stages remains contraversial. Additionally adipokines levels in OSA with hypercapnia, pulmonary hypertension remains unknown. We examined serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in different subgroups of OSA. <b>Methods:</b> Obese subjects who were admitted to sleep laboratory were included. All subjects underwent spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, polysomnography and transtoracic echocardiography. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Analysis included 146 OSA subjects (81 females, 65 males, age:49.8±10.7years, BMI:40.3±4.9kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 47.9% severe OSA). Of all subjects 37.7% had daytime hypercapnia, 61.6% had metabolic syndrome and 28.7% had pulmonary hypertension. Females had higher leptin and adiponectin levels (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001). Leptin was higher in subjects with BMI ≥40kg/m<sup>2</sup> (p&lt;0.001). Severe OSA subjects had lower leptin and adiponectin (p=0.023, p=0.035). Levels of adipokines did not differ between hypercapnic and eucapnic OSA subjects and also in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Leptin correlated with adiponectin (r=0.188, p=0.023), age (r=0.198, p=0.016), BMI (r=0.432, p=0.000), neck circumference (r=-0.276, p=0.001), waist/hip ratio (r=-0.311, p=0.000), AHI (r=-0.236, p=0.004). Age (p=0.016), BMI (p&lt;0.001), waist/hip ratio (p=0.006) and AHI (p=0.013) were related factors for leptin level. Adiponectin correlated with age (r=0.252, p=0.002), neck circumference (r=-0.230, p=0.005), AHI (r=-0.206, p=0.012). Age (p=0.006) was the only related factor for adiponectin level. <b>Discussion:</b> Levels of adipokines were different especially in OSA subjects with malign obesity, female gender and severe disease.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Patient maximum skin dose in interventional procedures in radiology and cardiology: summary of WG 12 activities

Abstract: Fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures in radiology (IR) and cardiology (IC) are techniques that have had wide diffusion in the last decades. Scarcely invasive, they reduce most of the risks to patients and the expenses of operating theatres. Nevertheless, prolonged exposures due, for instance, to complicated interventional procedures or inappropriate equipment may result in high doses to both patients and staff members, in particular, with potentially high radiation doses to the skinof a patient. Working group 12 of EURADOS is dealing with various aspects of dosimetry in medical imaging. In line with most recent developments in radiation protection in medicine, a lot of effort has been made in the area of patient dosimetry in medical imaging. As the number and complexity of interventional procedures have been steadily growing, it becomes crucial to provide patient-specific, skin dose estimate during these procedures. To tackle this issue, EURADOS Working group 12 has initiated a number of activities to estimate the maximum skin dose in various procedures in radiology and cardiology. This report presents Working group 12 activities in the area of dosimetry for interventional procedures in cardiology and radiology. The document is dealing with characterization of different dosimetric methods for skin dose assessment in interventional procedures, their application for skin doses measurement in clinical practice and establishment of trigger levels in order to evaluate the feasibility of identifying a common dosimetric indicator that correlates with the maximum skin dose. In order to determine the suitability of XR-TypeR Gafchromic™ films and of detectors based on thermolumiescent materials: pellets, chips and foils to measure skin dose, an intercomparison exercise has been organized within EURADOS Working Group 12. Furthermore, an assessment of the uncertainty associated with the sampling process of point detector grids used for maximum skin dose measurements was performed. Among all possible solutions, film dosimetry represents the most convenient method to determine skin dose. Hence, EURADOS Working Group 12 performed a comprehensive evaluation in order to investigate the optimal use of films in the interventional environment while addressing the means to reduce uncertainties in the quantitative assessment of patient skin dose. Finally, patient skin dose measurements, along with assessment of other dose indices as dose area product and cumulative dose at interventional reference point was performed at different European hospitals for selected high dose interventional procedures in radiology and cardiology. The inter-center variability of online dose indicators and their correlation with the maximum skin dose were examined along with feasibility to establish the generic alert levels for skin injuries.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Time-dependent analysis of aftershock events and structural impacts on intraplate crustal seismicity of the Van earthquake (Mw 7.1, 23 October 2011), E-Anatolia

Abstract The Van earthquake (M W 7.1, 23 October 2011) in E-Anatolia is typical representative of intraplate earthquakes. Its thrust focal character and aftershock seismicity pattern indicate the most prominent type of compound earthquakes due to its multifractal dynamic complexity and uneven compressional nature, ever seen all over Turkey. Seismicity pattern of aftershocks appears to be invariably complex in its overall characteristics of aligned clustering events. The population and distribution of the aftershock events clearly exhibit spatial variability, clustering-declustering and intermittency, consistent with multifractal scaling. The sequential growth of events during time scale shows multifractal behavior of seismicity in the focal zone. The results indicate that the extensive heterogeneity and time-dependent strength are considered to generate distinct aftershock events. These factors have structural impacts on intraplate seismicity, suggesting multifractal and unstable nature of the Van event. Multifractal seismicity is controlled by complex evolution of crustal-scale faulting, mechanical heterogeneity and seismic deformation anisotropy. Overall seismicity pattern of aftershocks provides the mechanism for strain softening process to explain the principal thrusting event in the Van earthquake. Strain localization with fault weakening controls the seismic characterization of Van earthquake and contributes to explain the anomalous occurrence of aftershocks and intraplate nature of the Van earthquake.

Topic: earthquake and tectonic studies
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cloacal Dysgenesis Sequence: Observations in Four Patients Including Three Fetuses of Second Trimester Gestation

Cloacal dysgenesis is a rare malformation sequence. We studied cloacal dysgenesis in four fetuses, including three at 18–22 weeks of gestation. All four fetuses showed a smooth perineum with absence of anal, urethral, and/or vaginal openings. The urinary bladder was dilated in 3 cases. The labia majora and minora were absent in the two female fetuses; the scrotum and penis were absent in one male fetus and hypoplastic in the second. The kidneys were either absent (1 case), dysplastic (1 case), or hydronephrotic (1 case). Normal kidneys were seen in a fetus of 20–22 weeks gestation in whom the urinary obstruction was alleviated by a vesicocolonic fistula. This fetus did not have pulmonary hypoplasia. Severe renal anomaly and pulmonary hypoplasia are the limiting factors for the survival of infants born with cloacal dysgenesis. The unique observation of normal kidneys and lungs in one of our fetuses, despite anhydramnios, suggests that the effect of oligohydramnios on lung development may be limited early in gestation, at least up to 20–22 weeks. It may also indirectly support the theory that there are factors other than oligohydramnios that interfere with early lung development, such as reduced production of a pulmonary growth factor by the kidney or reduced proline production by malformed kidneys, that may cause decreased collagen formation and result in hypoplastic lung mesenchyme.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CUFF TEAR ARTHROPATHY (CTA) HUMERAL HEAD: AN EIGHT YEAR FOLLOW UP

The treatment of patients with arthritis of the glenohumeral joint with an associated massive irreparable cuff tear is challenging. Since these patients usually have proximal migration of the humerus, the CTA extended head allows a surface with a low coefficient of friction to articulate with the acromion. Between 2001 and 2006 a total of 48 patients with arthritis of the shoulder joint associated with a massive cuff tear, were treated with a CTA head. The indications for use being Seebauer Type 1a and 1b appearances on x-ray and active abduction of the arm to more than 60° with appropriate analgesia. Preoperatively, a Constant score and an ASES pain and function score were completed as well as standard radiological assessment. These were repeated at follow up. Paired t tests were carried out for all the variables. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Follow up varied between 2 and 8 years. Improvements in pain, function and all movement parameters were significant at p This head design has been in use for a number of years. To date there appears to be no reported outcome of their use. This series shows that in an appropriately selected patient a satisfactory clinical outcome can be maintained in the short to medium term. The presence of erosion of the glenoid but also the under surface of the acromion does require continuing monitoring.

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences