jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and Mechanism Studies on the Photodegradation of Cold-Rolling Emulsion Wastewater by the UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Process

The UV/H2O2 process was employed to purify cold-rolling emulsion wastewater (CREW). The degradation of CREW was mainly attributed to the combined UV/H2O2 process and exhibited pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The reaction parameters, including the H2O2 dosage, initial pollutant concentration, initial pH, UV intensity, and inorganic anions, were found to influence the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reaction rates. In addition, the optimal experimental conditions were determined: H2O2 dosage of 0.2 mol/L, initial pH of 9.13, and UV intensity of 4.0 mW/cm2. The final residual COD concentration decreased from 3573 mg O2/L to 67 mg O2/L, and the treated wastewater complies with the wastewater discharge standards in China (COD concentration of 80 mg O2/L) and can be discharged. Meanwhile, •OH was identified as the primary reactive radical in the process. Sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (BK) were selected as representative pollutants in CREW to explore the degradation mechanism. The products generated were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Potential degradation pathways were proposed and discussed. The operational cost is 0.115 USD/L, which was calculated for the best conditions.

Topic: Advanced oxidation water treatment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimization strategy based on deep reinforcement learning for home energy management

With the development of a smart grid and smart home, massive amounts of data can be made available, providing the basis for algorithm training in artificial intelligence applications. These continuous improving conditions are expected to enable the home energy management system (HEMS) to cope with the increasing complexities and uncertainties in the enduser side of the power grid system. In this paper, a home energy management optimization strategy is proposed based on deep Q-learning (DQN) and double deep Q-learning (DDQN) to perform scheduling of home energy appliances. The applied algorithms are model-free and can help the customers reduce electricity consumption by taking a series of actions in response to a dynamic environment. In the test, the DDQN is more appropriate for minimizing the cost in a HEMS compared to DQN. In the process of method implementation, the generalization and reward setting of the algorithms are discussed and analyzed in detail. The results of this method are compared with those of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of applied data-driven methods is validated by using a real-world database combined with the household energy storage model.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Leakage Processes in Damaged Shale: In Situ Measurements of Permeability, CO$_2$-Sorption Behavior and Acoustic Properties

Caprock integrity is one of the chief concerns in the successful development of a CO$_2$ storage site. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the permeability of fractured shale, the potential for mitigation of CO$_2$ leakage by sorption to shale, and the detection by acoustic methods of CO$_2$ infiltration into shale. Although significant concerns have been raised about the potential for induced seismicity to damage caprock, relatively little is known about the permeability of the damaged shale. We present a summary of recent experimental work that shows profound differences in permeability of up to three orders of magnitude between brittle and ductile fracture permeability. In the ductile regime, it is possible that shale caprock could accommodate deformation without a significant loss of CO$_2$ from the storage reservoir. In cases where CO$_2$ does migrate through damaged shale caprock, CO$_2$ sorption onto shale mineralogy may have a mitigating impact. Measured total storage capacities range from 1 to 45 kg-CO$_2$/tonne-shale. Once CO$_2$ is in the caprock, changes in the acoustic properties of CO$_2$-saturated shale that are predicted by Gassmann fluid substitution calculations show a significant reduction of the bulk modulus of CO$_2$-saturated shale.

Topic: Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efficiency of genomic selection for developing superior pure lines

<title>Abstract</title> Developing elite pure lines is the most common breeding process for self-pollinating crops. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of genomic selection in pure line breeding, using a simulated dataset from F<sub>2</sub> plants to F<sub>8</sub> selected progeny. The simulated genome included 1000 genes and 49825 SNPs, distributed on 10 chromosomes of 100 cM. We used genomic selection with partial phenotyping over generations and phenotyping only in F<sub>2</sub>. We assessed the significance of selection intensity, training set size, selecting in F<sub>2</sub>, dominance, and major genes. The efficacy of the genomic selection was based on genetic gains and probability of selecting elite pure lines. Genomic selection with partial phenotyping in each cycle maximized the probability of selecting superior F<sub>8</sub> progeny and provided the higher total genetic gain, comparable to the selection based on the true genotypic value. Training set size and selection intensity are important factors affecting the development of elite pure lines. Dominance does not significantly affect the genomic selection efficiency. The existence of QTLs increases the genomic selection efficiency, proportional to the proportion of the phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs. There is no justification for selecting in F<sub>2</sub>. Pedigree-based BLUP cannot be disregarded as a genetic assessment method in pure line breeding. All selection methods provided high decrease in the genotypic variance at F<sub>8</sub>. The prediction accuracies with genomic selection showed almost perfect correlation with the genetic gains. A challenger in pure line breeding is minimizing the random fixation of the unfavorable alleles in heterozygotes.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sedation regimens comparison during flexible bronchoscopy: Dexmedetomidine, alfentanil and lidocaine

<b>Background:</b> Bronchoscopy tolerance varies significantly between patients, and no standardized protocol for sedation during bronchoscopy is currently available. <b>Aims and Objectives:</b> This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of three regimens: Dexmedetomidine (D) or Alfentanil (A) combined with local anesthesia, and local anesthesia alone (C). <b>Methods:</b> This randomized double-blind controlled trial included 162 patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Patients received 15 ml of lidocaine 1% alone (C) or combined with dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg (D) or alfentanil 10 mcg/kg (A). Lidocaine and midazolam were added as needed. Tolerance was assessed using the bronchoscopy score (BS), and level of sedation was assessed using the Nursing Instrument for the Communication of Sedation (NICS). Safety was evaluated in terms of pulmonary function and vital signs. <b>Results:</b> BS were identical in all groups. Group D subjects were the most sedated (p 0.013) whereas group A subjects were the least agitated. Linear regression showed a negative association between BS and age in A (β=-0.07, p 0.003). Male gender (β=2.47, p 0.001) and longer procedure (β=-0.12, p 0.010), and obesity (β=-2.23, p 0.026) and shorter procedure (β=0.08, p 0.020) were positive predictors of BS in D C respectively. Desaturation was most prevalent in A compared to D and C respectively (p 0.006). Hypotension was mostly observed in D. <b>Conclusion:</b> Though there were no consistent differences in efficacy and safety between the three regimens, results suggest that dexmedetomidine would be a better option in males and longer procedures, alfentanyl in elderly and lidocaine alone in obese patients and shorter procedures. NCT02301923.

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
With the Technical Assistance of Esther Trachtenberg

The livers of rats exposed to pure oxygen were examined clcctron microscopically to study toxic effects of oxygen in a mctabolically sensitive organ. Pressures of 1/3 (258 mm Hg), 1 (760 mm Hg), and 3 (2280 mm Hg) atmospheres were used, with exposures up to 90 days with the lowest pressures. The first changes in the hcpatocytcs were loss of glycogcn and enlargement of mitochondria with development of mitochondria with bizarre shapes which were seen after 3 days at 258 mm, 1 day at 760 mm, and 3 hours at 2280 mm. These changes werc followed by formation of increased numbers of cristae, membranes surrounding mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and polyribosome clusters. After 2 weeks at 258 mm, which is the prcssure of the atmosphere of space cabins, numerous mitochondrial myelin figures appeared but the mitochondrial enlargement had begun to regress. After 90 days at 258 mm, the liver cells appcarcd almost normal except that many pigment granules had accumulated in the pcricanalicular zones. The changes were non-specific and scemed to parallel biochemical alterations recorded elsewhere. They are not considered the result of toxicity but rathcr of adaptation. These atmospheres, which arc uscd in clinical

Topic: Fern and Epiphyte Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Adam Smith and his books

Adam Smith and his books Get access Giancarlo de Vivo Giancarlo de Vivo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Contributions to Political Economy, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 87–97, https://doi.org/10.1093/cpe/20.1.87 Published: 01 January 2001

Topic: Political Economy and Marxism
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
面向对话文本的实体关系抽取(Entity Relation Extraction for Dialogue Text)

“实体关系抽取旨在从文本中抽取出实体之间的语义关系,是自然语言处理的一项基本任务。在新闻报道、维基百科等规范文本上该任务的研究相对丰富,已经取得了一定的效果,但面向对话文本的相关研究还处于起始阶段。相较于规范文本,用于实体关系抽取的对话语料规模较小,对话文本的有效特征难以捕获,这使得面向对话文本的实体关系抽取更具挑战。该文针对这一任务提出了一个基于Star-Transformer的实体关系抽取模型,通过融入高速网络进行信息桥接,并在此基础上融入交互信息和知识,最后使用多任务学习机制进一步提升模型的性能。在DialogRE公开数据集上实验得到F1值为55.7%,F1c值为52.3%,证明了提出方法的有效性。”

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of different protein to carbohydrate ratio in pellets for rearing European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis, Linnaeus 1758) juveniles

Being highly sought-after fishery resources, cephalopods potential for aquaculture has been a research topic for several decades. The diversity within the class means that each species has its own unique requirements under a culture environment, this poses a great obstacle to overcome. One of these bottlenecks is achieving a nutritional balance in artificial diets which promotes growth, welfare and directly influences the economic viability of cephalopod culture. In this study, which is part of the Sepiacul project, three different artificial diets were tested, each containing different protein to carbohydrate ratios (55:10, 51:15 and 47:20). These diets were tested on Sepia officinalis, against a control group, which was fed frozen grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians). Cuttlefish used were reared in an open-water system, in the Ramalhete (Ria Formosa, South of Portugal – 37º00′22.39″N; 7º58′02.69″W) pilot station. Pelleted diets did not promote growth and even caused weight loss, resulting in negative absolute and specific growth rates and feeding efficiency. Artificial diets were accepted on day 1 in all treatments, however, cannibalism started occurring by the end of the trials second week, forcing trial shut down. Histology analysis was performed by removing the digestive gland and processing it. Afterwards four different parameters were studied to determine differences between treatments in the digestive gland: existence of structural damage; cell organization; presence of select structures; existence of carbohydrate/glycogen clusters. No difference was found between artificial diet treatments and control (p > 0.05). However, digestive gland index was found to have a significant difference between pelleted treatments and control (p < 0.05), with control digestive glands weighing far more than the pelleted diet counterparts. One of the factors that is believed caused artificial diets not to promote growth is related to raw material processing, more specifically the protein portion.

Topic: Cephalopods and Marine Biology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Walking The Thin Line Between War and Peace: Hybrid Threats and the Dutch Security Culture between 2009 and 2019

Hybrid tactics of war considerably impact the feeling and understanding of the individual, national and international security. This thesis identifies how the Netherlands had to adapt to these hybrid tactics of war by researching how a hybrid security culture concerning hybrid warfare took shape in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2019. To understand if the growing attention towards hybrid conflict did cause a change in the ways of doing security in the Netherlands, this research identifies the core characteristics of the Dutch security culture. The research shows how the perception of threats presented by Dutch media coverage and knowledge institutes, can be divided into three waves. These three waves represented the contemporary state of mind regarding hybrid threats. Securitization theory helps in explaining how the third wave marked the beginning of the centrality of the audience.\nMary Kaldor’s framework of four ideal types of security cultures is tested against the Dutch situation. Interviews with Dutch security officers and examination of official announcements made by the House of Representatives show how the Netherlands adhere to a combination of a ‘geo-political’ security culture and a ‘liberal peace’ security culture. This outcome goes against Kaldor’s assumption of how hybrid warfare fits in a mixture of ‘geo-political’ and ‘new wars’ security cultures. The convergence of the security cultures ‘liberal peace’ and ‘geo-politics’ in the Dutch case, shows that the way of dealing with hybrid warfare, can be much more diverse than is stated in the security culture literature presented by Kaldor. Moreover, the Dutch case highlights new continuities concerning Cold War practices.

Topic: European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship Between Body Positioning, Muscle Activity, and Spinal Kinematics in Cyclists With and Without Low Back Pain

Context: Low back pain is reported by more than half of cyclists. The pathomechanics and association of risk factors of lumbar spine overuse injuries in cycling are not clearly understood. Objective: To determine whether relationships exist between body positioning, spinal kinematics, and muscle activity in active cyclists with nontraumatic low back pain. Data Sources: In August of 2015 and April of 2016, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Scopus databases was performed independently by 5 reviewers. Study Selection: Included articles consisted of biomechanical studies examining factors relating to low back pain in cyclists as agreed upon by group consensus. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Five reviewers appraised by consensus each article using the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Eight studies met criteria for this review. There is evidence that cyclists with lower handlebar heights displayed increased lumbosacral flexion angles during cycling. Core muscle activation imbalances, back extensor endurance deficits, and increased lumbar flexion while cycling were found to be present in cyclists with low back pain. Conclusion: Spinal and core muscle activation imbalances in a prolonged flexed posture associated with cycling may lead to maladaptive spinal kinematics and increased spinal stresses contributing to overuse low back pain.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SERUM INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY AND THE EFFECT OF ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAILURE IN LONG-TERM USE

Clinical experience with long-term sulfonylurea treatment has been discussed in the management of diabetes mellitus. Because of the close relationship between fasting serum insulin-like activity and the rate constant for glucose utilization (K) after glucose loading, the latter values were used for screening diabetics in place of the serum insulin-like activity, except for severe diabetics with K value below 0.04. Oral anti-diabetic drugs, such as sulfonylurea, were not effective in diabetics who had no significant extra-insulin secretion reserve. Secondary failure was found to occur more rapidly and more frequently in diabetics with low fasting serum insulin-like activity. In diabetics with low fasting serum insulin-like activity but with relatively high extra-insulin secretion, these drugs were significantly effective and secondary failure developed less rapidly.

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transcriptional Dynamics of NRF2 Overexpression and KEAP1-NRF2 Inhibitors in Human Cell Line and Primary Lung Cells

Oxidative stress in the human lung is caused by both internal (e.g., inflammation) and external stressors (smoking, pollution, and infection) to drive pathology in a number of lung diseases. Cellular damage caused by oxidative damage is reversed by several pathways, one of which is the antioxidant response. This response is regulated by the transcriptional factor NRF2, which has the ability to regulate the transcription of more than 250 genes. In disease, this balance is overwhelmed, and the cells are unable to return to homeostasis. Several pharmacological approaches aim to improve the antioxidant capacity by inhibiting the interaction of NRF2 with its key cytosolic inhibitor, KEAP1. Here, we evaluate an alternative approach by overexpressing NRF2 from chemically modified RNAs (cmRNAs). Our results demonstrate successful expression of functional NRF2 protein in human cell lines and primary cells. We establish a kinetic transcriptomic profile to compare antioxidant response gene expression after treatment of primary human bronchial epithelial cells with either KEAP1 inhibitors or cmRNAs. The key gene signature is then applied to primary human lung fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages to uncover transcriptional preferences in each cell system. This study provides a foundation for the understanding of NRF2 dynamics in the human lung and provides initial evidence of alternative ways for pharmacological interference.

Topic: Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Automatic prosody labeling using both text and acoustic information

Prosody is an important factor for a high quality text-to-speech (TTS) system. The prosody is often described with a hierarchical structure. So the generation of the hierarchical prosody structure is very important both in the corpus building and the run-time text analysis. But the prosody labeling procedure is laborious and time consuming. Moreover, to keep the consistence between different labelers and even the same labeler in different time is difficult. In this paper an automatic prosody labeling system is presented, in which the decision tree plus Viterbi decoding framework proposed Wightman and Ostendorf (1994) is used. In the system, not only the acoustic information but also the text information such as the part-of-speech (POS) of a word is used. A prosody model is built up using the automatically labeled corpus for our Mandarin TTS system. Listening test shows that the automatic prosody labeling system works pretty well.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Biology aphis gosypii on pogostemon cablin

Abstract Aphids ( Aphis gossypii) are the main problem in patchouli plants ( Pogostemon cablin ). The presence of aphids on patchouli plants is very worried by farmers, because it can damage patchouli plants by feeding the leaf which can reduces plant growth. Therefore, it is neccesary to learn more about biological of A. gossypii on patchouli plants. A gossypii was taken from Nino Park, Syiah Kuala University and Lamteuba, Aceh Besar. The patchouli used was the result of maintaining cuttings for two months to be used as an object of observation. Infestation A gossypii was carried out in 10 observation polybags. Observations were made by looking at the development time of A. gossypii including the nymph phase (instar I-IV) and imago A. gossypii. The experiment showed that the life cycle of A. gossypii lasted for 23.8 ± 4.76 days. A. gossypii had four instar stages, duration time needed each instar is 2 days, it means the duration of nymphal stage A. gossypii on patchouli is 8.8 days. The lifecyle of imago A. gossypii is 15 days. There were two types of imago, winged and wingless aphids imago, caused the population density of aphids on a plant.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Interpreting regional characteristics of Tibetan-Qiang residential houses in Northwestern Sichuan by Deep learning and Image landscape

Image downloading Python codes with sample csv; Dataset of Image category model (ICM); Dataset of Construction category model (CCM); Dataset of Element segmentation model (ESM); Dataset of Style category model (SCM)

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
To Detect or not to Detect: The Right Faces to Morph

Recent works have studied the face morphing attack detection performance generalization over variations in morphing approaches, image &#13;\nre-digitization, and image source variations. However, these works assumed a constant approach for selecting the images to be morphed &#13;\n(pairing) across their training and testing data. A realistic variation in the pairing protocol in the training data can result in challenges and &#13;\nopportunities for a stable attack detector. This work extensively study this issue by building a novel database with three different pairing protocols &#13;\nand two different morphing approaches. We study the detection generalization over these variations for single image and differential attack &#13;\ndetection, along with handcrafted and CNNbased features. Our observations included that training an attack detection solution on attacks &#13;\ncreated from dissimilar face images, in contrary to the common practice, can result in an overall more generalized detection performance. &#13;\nMoreover, we found that differential attack detection is very sensitive to variations in morphing and pairing protocols.

Topic: Face recognition and analysis
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences