jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Joint Cooperative Spectrum Sensing and Channel Access in Cognitive UAV Networks

This paper studies the problem of distributed spectrum/channel access for cognitive radio-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (CUAVs) that overlay upon primary channels. Under the framework of cooperative spectrum sensing and opportunistic transmission, a one-shot optimization problem for channel allocation, aiming to maximize the expected cumulative weighted reward of multiple CUAVs, is formulated. To handle the uncertainty due to the lack of prior knowledge about the primary user activities as well as the lack of the channel-access coordinator, the original problem is cast into a competition and cooperation hybrid multi-agent reinforcement learning (CCH-MARL) problem in the framework of Markov game (MG). Then, a value-iteration-based RL algorithm, which features upper confidence bound-Hoeffding (UCB-H) strategy searching, is proposed by treating each CUAV as an independent learner (IL). To address the curse of dimensionality, the UCB-H strategy is further extended with a double deep Q-network (DDQN). Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithms are able to efficiently converge to stable strategies, and significantly improve the network performance when compared with the benchmark algorithms such as the vanilla Q-learning and DDQN algorithms.

Topic: Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PERSISTENCE AND VOLATILITY OF BEVERIDGE CYCLES

Abstract This article explains the cyclical behavior of the fluctuations in unemployment and vacancies by demand externalities. Adding such externalities to an otherwise standard search and matching model reduces the need for exogenous shocks in explaining these fluctuations. Under plausible parameter values, the equilibrium dynamics include a stable limit cycle that resembles the empirically observed counterclockwise cycles around the Beveridge curve. Calibrated to the duration of the business cycle, these endogenous “Beveridge cycles” are as persistent as the data, without losing any of the amplification of the standard model.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Salivary pH and oral health of Brazilian para‐athletes: Saliva and oral health of para‐athletes

Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate the association of the salivary pH and parameters of oral health in Brazilian para‐athletes. Methods and results The sample was composed of 271 Brazilian para‐athletes (147 athletics, 61 powerlifting, and 63 swimming); mean age was 31.2 ± 11.7 years. Data collected during anamnesis, clinical examination, and saliva collection revealed that salivary pH was different among sports ( p = .01) and tends to decrease as age and body mass index (BMI) increase ( p = .026, .027, respectively). The mean decay missing filled teeth was 8.8 (±0.57), but there is no correlation with salivary pH ( R 2 = −0.0852; CI 95%, −0.215–0.047; p = .194) as habits of grinding, clenching teeth, or bruxism was not associated with salivary pH ( p = .317, .932, and .444, respectively). Regarding breathing, para‐athletes that have buccal breathing had significantly higher salivary pH ( p = .04). This data were confirmed by multiple logistic regression ( p = .05). Open bite, lip seal, geographic or fissured tongue also were not associated with variation of salivary pH ( p &gt; .05). Conclusions This study provided evidence of an association between salivary pH with age, BMI, type of breathing, and type of sport practiced by the para‐athletes

Topic: Dental Trauma and Treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Current Status of Approaches to Eradicate<scp>HIV</scp>Infection

Abstract Direct acting antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in suppressing viremia and preventing progression of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ), but requires strict adherence to lifelong treatment. Upon cessation of therapy, viral rebound is observed within two to four weeks. Recently, significant effort has focused on the development of a finite drug regimen capable of providing sustained virologic response for years or decades; that is, an HIV cure. This review will provide an update on the strategies being pursued and summarize advances in the medicinal chemistry of individual targets.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
It Was Nice to Be There: Construct Validity Then and Now

I appear to be one of the few persons who attended both the colloquium at Princeton titled Construct Validity in Psychological Measurement held in 1979 and the conference at Newport Beach titled Construct Validity: Issues and Opportunities held in 1990. As a discussant for both meetings, I have compared construct validity as seen by participants at the 1979 meetings with construct validity as seen by participants at the 1990 meeting. Comparisons are drawn according to conceptualizations of construct validity, construct va- lidity as scientific inquiry, and construct validity in assessment technology. A most noteworthy conclusion is that these three aspects no longer apply very well to the articles herein that were originally delivered at the 1990 meeting. Instead these articles show strongly that classification according to scientific inquiry versus applications is not possible. Such a conceptual gap no longer seems to exist for construct validity. Instead, these articles as well as the one by Hogan (1991) all emphasize large scale programmatic efforts characterized by approaches driven primarily by conceptualizations derived from construct validity. A secondary theme in these articles emphasizes analysis according to taxonomies at both the predictor and criterion levels. A primary conclusion from reviewing these articles is that construct validity no longer revolves around issues, but it clearly does connote opportunities for future research and applications.

Topic: Cognitive and psychological constructs research
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Fat-Related surface tension and wetting properties of milk

The surface tension of milk was found to decrease logarithmically with time, regardless of fat content. Moreover, the surface tension decreased with fat content up to about 35 g.kg-1. Above 10 MPa, homogenization resulted in increased surface tension, probably due to the lower creaming and lack of caseins in the continuous phase. The initial contact angle of homogenized milk on glass was similar to that of skim milk, probably due to the presence of casein micelles on the globule surface. After the first immersion, skim milk wetted glass surfaces completely. Conversely, the contact angle of whome milk increased with time, suggesting the formation of a hydrophobic adborption layer on glass. The composition and conformation of this layer can affect fouling and cleaning in technological dairy processes involving fat globules.

Topic: Proteins in Food Systems
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Photorefractive Materials

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review of the application of Artificial Neural Networks in ocean engineering

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were firstly used to model ocean engineering problems in the decade of 1990s. Since then, this soft-modelling technique has proved several advantages against traditional approaches. In this article, the application of ANNs in ocean and maritime engineering from its beginnings until today is reviewed. After reviewing more than 90 studies, some general rules to apply in ANNs in ocean engineering are concluded, the most common and advantageous methods are summed up and research gaps in the application of ANNs are identified.

Topic: Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of Shadow Moir~ Technique to Board Level Manufacturing Technologies

Shadow moire technique is already well-established as a technique for evaluating component warpage. Improvements to the metrology have increased its usefulness for evaluating various board-level manufacturing technologies. This experiment used the technique for two key board-level applications: i) Bare printed circuit board (PCB) warpage during the lead-free reflow: PCB warpage is becoming more significant due to the higher temperature required for lead-free reflow. This work used shadow moire dynamic reflow simulation to explore the effect of three variables - board thickness, glass transition temperature, and vendors - on board warpage. The test data showed clearly that board thickness is the most significant variable; ii) Assembled board warpage under mechanical preload from thermal solutions and under thermal cycling: One of the heatsink design approaches for desktop motherboards is to apply a preload to the CPU area of a motherboard in order to ensure thermal performance. This approach requires a more careful control of the preload. Board warpage is significant and is identified as a good metrology for preload estimation. Motherboards under three different preloads in the CPU area were measured. Both the global board warpage and the local board warpage around the CPU area were measured for preload correlations. The measured board warpage was correlated to the board preload successfully. In addition to these two issues, other examples are discussed briefly to demonstrate the capability of the board level shadow moire technique. The work proved that the metrology has become an indispensable thermal-mechanical analysis for manufacturing technology evolutions

Topic: Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic diversity analysis of diazotrophs in the rice rhizosphere

SUMMARY The genetic diversity of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with rice ( Oryza sativa ) was assessed by a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) approach on the nifH gene amplified directly from DNA extracted from washed rice roots and rhizospheric soil. Restriction digestion with the enzymes Mnl I and Hae III was performed to characterize 54 cloned nifH PCR products. RFLP profiles were clustered and analysed with the UPGMA program. Eight pairs of similar RFLP patterns (similarity&gt;50%) and two pairs of homologous RFLP patterns (100% identity) were found from the washed roots and the rhizospheric soil, respectively. Three specific diazotrophic patterns were found from rhizospheric soil and rice roots. The analyses have revealed the presence of different nifH types, which appear to be significant components of the diazotrophic community in paddy fields, indicating that some of the diazotrophs may colonize the inside and the surface of the rice roots.

Topic: Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL HELP AND GIFTS ON HOUSING DEMAND AND COST BURDENS

Financial transfers are an important source of income for many households and recipients may use these funds to pay for housing services. This paper examines the separate impact of financial help and substantial gifts on both housing demand and housing cost burden. The results indicate receiving gifts has a positive and statistically significant impact on housing demand. Households receiving help or gifts have substantially higher housing cost burdens, all else being held constant. These findings have implications for the financial well‐being of recipient households and ultimately, the mortgage industry . ( JEL R20, R21)

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinerja Keuangan Dan Tingkat Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah Pada Bank Umum Syariah Di Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the effect of Return On Asset (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and BOPO to the level of profit sharing mudharaba deposits Islamic Banks in Indonesia's period January 2011 – June 2015. The data used in this study are monthly data from January 2011 to June 2015. Technical sampling used in this research is purposive sampling, with a sample of 12 Islamic Banks recorded in data from Bank Indonesia. This study uses a computer program SPSS version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. The result in this research showed that Return On Asset (ROA) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) partially have significant effect on the level of profit sharing mudharaba deposits While the partial BOPO haven’t significant effect of the level of profit sharing mudharaba deposits Simultaneously, Return On Asset (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and BOPO had significant effect on the level of profit sharing mudharaba deposits The results also show that variable Return On Asset (ROA) the most dominant on the level of profit sharing mudharaba deposits with the value β of -0,273, and a significance value smaller than 0,05 (0,000 &lt; 0, 05).

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Reflection in language teaching: A comparison between preservice and experienced teachers of English

Teachers&rsquo; ability to reflect on their performances or reflective teaching has been commonly used and accepted in the educational contexts. However, it has not become a content item or a course in educational curricula so far. For this reason, reflective abilities of teachers or preservice teachers cannot be measured, and there is limited feedback on their reflective performances in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of reflection and reflective skills of preservice teachers of English (PTE) along with experienced teachers of English (ETE) by measuring the use of reflection in different settings such as classroom settings, colleagues and management settings. Reflection-oriented reactions of ETE and PTE to possible complexities or problematic situations were scored by using Teacher Reflection Scale to reveal if they are reflective practitioners or not. The data were collected from 298 volunteer PTE and 293 ETE. Statistical analyses give evidence that ETE participants reflect more than PTE participants. Among PTE, participants mostly reflect in classroom and colleagues&rsquo; settings, but not in management settings. Besides, ETE participants also reflect in classroom settings, but not in collegial setting. They prefer to reflect within management setting. Compared to PTE, there is evidence that more ETE in teaching and learning environments reflect on their practices. &nbsp; Key words: Reflection, teaching, teacher development, assessment.

Topic: Reflective Practices in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inverted &amp;ldquo;p-i-n&amp;rdquo; structure perovskite solar cells

In recent years, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been dramatically elevated from 3.8% to 21.0%.This remarkable progress is closely associated with the specific photoelectrical properties of perovskite light absorbers, such as appropriate and direct band gap, low excition binding energy, high molar extinction coefficient, and specific dipolar charge transfer property.However, there have been some challenging issues of stability and hysteresis, which should be urgently addressed for high efficiency photovoltaic devices.In this short overview, we combine the latest evolution on PSCs device structures in the world and our research progress on inverted p-i-n structure solar cells, and try to clarify some intrinsic difference among structures and some general principle to design high performance PSCs with high stability and eliminated hysteresis.The current status of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and nickel oxide (NiO) p-type hole transport layer have been specially summarized.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Huntington disease].

The gene responsible for Huntington's disease produces a protein with a molecular weight of about 350k, designated huntingtin. We identified both wild-type and mutant huntingtin in the brain and lymphoblastoid cells. Although the function of huntingtin is still unknown, several associated proteins such as HAP1, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, HIP1 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehy dorogenase (GAPDH) were reported. We found the huntingtin can associate in vitro with microtubules. Through the process of assembly and disassembly of microtubules, both wild-type and mutant huntingtin associate with microtubules to almost the same degree. The results suggest that huntingtin may have a role in intracellular organelle transport or axonal transport by its association with microtubules. The functional disturbance by expanded polyglutamine stretch may modify the feature of the disease.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Perceptual influences on firms' adoption of innovation

This paper presents findings from an on-going research, which examines how perception could influence firms' innovation adoption behaviour. It also argues that when inter-dependency among adopter firms exist, perceptual influences should be taken into consideration. Preliminary fieldwork data is taken from a supply chain setting.

Topic: Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazolo(5,1‐b)thiazoles; Synthesis and Properties.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trends and Determinants of Volatility: A Study of Soybean Futures Contracts

This study examines the trends and determinants of volatility in the context of the Indian futures market by taking soybean futures contracts traded on NCDEX. The sample consists of daily data on closing price, trading volume and open interest from Jan 3, 2005 to Dec 31, 2019. ARMA-GARCH model is being estimated for empirical analysis. The study finds that return distribution exhibits thick tails, time-varying volatility and volatility persistence. The GARCH effects are greater than the ARCH effects, which indicate that volatility is more sensitive to its own lagged values than recent news. The study finds a positive relationship between trading volume and volatility, whereas a negative relationship is observed between open interest and volatility. It was also observed that the inclusion of trading volume and open interest in the GARCH model reduces volatility persistence. The study concludes that trading volume and open interest are two important determinants of volatility.

Topic: Market Dynamics and Volatility
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Galen's Method - Fridolf Kudlien, Richard J. Durling (edd.): Galen's Method of Healing. Proceedings of the 1982 Galen Symposium. (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 1.) Pp. viii + 205. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne: Brill, 1991. fl. 110.

Galen's Method - Fridolf Kudlien, Richard J. Durling (edd.): Galen's Method of Healing. Proceedings of the 1982 Galen Symposium. (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 1.) Pp. viii + 205. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne: Brill, 1991. fl. 110. - Volume 42 Issue 1

Topic: History of Medicine Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Soy Isoflavone Glycitin (4'-Hydroxy-6-Methoxyisoflavone-7-D-Glucoside) Promotes Human Dermal Fibroblast Cell Proliferation and Migration via TGF-β Signaling

Glycitin is a soy isoflavone that exhibits antioxidant, antiallergic, and anti-osteoporosis activities. We investigated the effects of glycitin on dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration. Treatment of primary dermal fibroblasts with glycitin increased cell proliferation and migration. In addition, treatment with 20 μM glycitin for 24 h induced the synthesis of collagen type I and type III at both the mRNA and protein levels. Fibronectin was also increased by 20% after treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 collagenase was decreased in the media after 24-h incubation with glycitin, and the synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mRNA increased approximately twofold in cells following glycitin treatment. Phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 increased after 1 h of glycitin treatment, and phosphorylation continued for 24 h. Furthermore, the phosphorylated form of AKT was increased in glycitin-treated cells after 3 h and remained higher for 24 h. Thus, glycitin treatment produces anti-aging effects including increased total collagen in the culture media, decreased elastase, and decreased β-galactosidase. Together, these results indicate that glycitin stimulates TGF-β secretion, and the subsequent autocrine actions of TGF-β induce proliferation of fibroblasts, ultimately protecting skin cells from aging and wrinkling.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Are Chinese cities getting smarter in terms of knowledge and technology they produce?

Are Chinese cities becoming smarter in terms of the knowledge and technologies they produce? For decades, the widely held believe in the global North is that China merely copies, imitates and only incrementally improves ideas. Recently, this believe is increasingly being challenged. In this paper I quantify this process. Using data from about 6,1 million patents and 60 million academic publications I examine the complexity of technologies and knowledge developed in major Chinese cities and compare these to those produced in other global cities. The results show that (1) knowledge and technologies produced in Chinese cities has increasingly taken a greater share of total output of global cities; (2) the quality of this output has increased over time; (3) Chinese cities improve the quality of their knowledge output before increasing the quality of technology; and (4) only Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen compete with other global cities in terms of the quality of output, suggesting emerging regional inequality within China linked to knowledge and technology production. Not only is the size of the Chinese economy increasing, so is the quantity and quality of its knowledge and technology output.

Topic: Economic and Technological Innovation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences