jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Identification and Distribution of some Cyperaceae and Gramineae, Chiefly from Australia.

The identification, nomenclature and distribution of some Cyperaceae and Gramineae are discussed.Six species are new records for Australia, one for both Queensland and South Australia, and two for Queensland, while six new species are described.Many sedges and grasses found in Australia are also found over a wide area beyond Australia.The identification of these " wides " is often a serious difficulty which can only be solved by the study of types of all the names of allied species, many of which are not readily available.The loan of several such types from the herbaria at Lund (ld), Paris (p) and Copenhagen (c) has been made to me through the kindness of Dr. A. Hassler, Prof. H. Humbert and Dr. O. Hagerup respectively, and I wish to express my gratitude to them for their assistance.Miss M. B. Tindale

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Math Instructional Practices within Preschool/Kindergarten Gifted Programs

Math instructional practices/materials utilized by teachers in early childhood programs for gifted three-, four-, and five-years have been discussed in this article. Information was collected for a study that examined specific math practices utilized by teachers in gifted preschool/kindergarten programs within the United States. Results indicated that most respondents used unstructured activities (e.g., discovery learning, learning centers) in small groups when providing math instruction. Although the teachers exposed the gifted children to concepts generally introduced to older students; they most frequently taught concepts found in traditional early childhood programs. Children were infrequently exposed to concepts/materials pertaining to time and measurement even though research has indicated that young gifted children often possess advanced capabilities in these areas.

Topic: Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials and LC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves and flowers of Erodium glaucophyllum collected from Tunisian Sahara

Abstract Erodium glaucophyllum collected from Tunisian Sahara was never presented in the relevant literature yet. In this study, the phytochemical profiles, chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and Kill-time assay of the hydroalcoholic extract of flowers and leaves were investigated. The highest content in phenols, flavonoids and tannins was shown in flowers extract (350 ± 5 mg GAE/g, 34 ± 1 mg QE/g and 221.8 ± 0.0 mg β-carotene E/g, respectively). The carotenoids amount in leaves was about 6-fold higher than it’s in flowers. Conducted LC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in flowers and leaves extract with the main were quinic acid and naringin followed by rutin, hyperoside, gallic acid and Apegenin-7-o-glucoside. Flowers and leaves extracts showed a powerful antimicrobial effect against all strains and the most observed effect was shown with Gram negative bacteria. Time kill kinetics endorses the effectiveness of both extracts to possess bactericidal effect at a concentration less than 2 MIC. Results of both organs open a new promising way for the development of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for food preservatives against food deterioration.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS SYNERGISTICALLY MODULATE TUMOR CELL INDUCED PLATELET AGGREGATION

There has been considerable controversy surrounding the ability of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism to concomitantly inhibit tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). Reconciliation of this controversy has been difficult due to the wide variability of experimental conditions (e.g., inhibitor concentration, strength of the inducing agonist).In the present study, we examined the effects of several cyclooxygenaseand lipoxygenase inhibitors on the induction of platelet aggregation by Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (W256) cells. We have previously demonstrated that aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP), induced by W256 cells, was initiated via a thrombin dependent mechanism. Platelet aggregation was induced by the addition of W256 cells (75,000-J500,000 cells/cuvette) to rat PRP preincubated with inhibitor(s) or diluent. The strength of the inducing stimulus affected both the degree of aggregation and the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in a dose dependent manner. A weak stimulus (low concentration of W256 cells) produced only a low level of aggregation and low TXA2 production, whereas aggregation induced by a strong stimulus (high concentration of W256 cells) resulted in significant aggregation and increased TXA2 production. Preincubation (5 min., 37°C) of rat PRP with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g., aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen) resulted in complete inhibition of platelet aggregation at low agonist concentration (75,000 W256 cells), whereas when a high agonist concentration (500,000 W256 cells) was used to induce aggregation, the inhibitors failed to inhibit TCIPA. The addition of fewer than 50,000W256 cells failed to induce any measurable platelet aggregation in the presence or absence of inhibitors. TCIPA was not affected by lipoxygenaseinhibitors (e.g.,quercetin) alone regardless of agonist concentration. Both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, however, were required to significantly inhibit TCIPA induced by high agonist concentration. Compounds which inhibited both the cycloogygenase and lipoxygenase pathways (e.g.,hydroquinone, BW755c) inhibited TCIPA at all agonist concentrations. Nafazatrom failed to inhibit TCIPA consistant with a lack of effect on platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Therefore, we conclude cyclooxygenase (e.g., TXA2) and lipoxygenase (e.g., 12-HETE) products of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism and the strength of the inducingagonist are important criteria in TCIPA. This study may help to clarify the current controversy regarding the inhibition of TCIPA by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Copyright and the Supposed Efficiency of First-Degree Price Discrimination

The article focuses on the economic conclusion that first-degree price discrimination is Pareto optimal and hence socially desirable. This economic conclusion tends to support congressional or judicial modifications to copyright law that would enhance the ability of copyright owners to engage in price discrimination, including, for example, limitations on copyright's first sale doctrine. Such limitations on the first sale doctrine may arise either through direct congressional action, such as the Computer Software Rental Amendments Act of 1990, through congressional inaction, such as the refusal to extend expressly the first sale doctrine to the interactive digital environment, or through judicial acceptance of copyright owners' attempts to characterize certain transactions as licenses, rather than sales. The article demonstrates that the supposed desirability of first-degree price discrimination relies on certain assumptions inherent in partial equilibrium analysis that are unlikely to hold in the real world. Through the use of a second-best, general equilibrium model, the article demonstrates that a switch to first-degree price discrimination in a particular market can reduce social welfare and derives principles that suggest when such a switch is likely to reduce social welfare. Applying these principles to the types of price discrimination schemes commonly employed in the distribution of copyrighted works, the article concludes that most of these schemes seem likely to reduce social welfare.

Topic: Copyright and Intellectual Property
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Yoga Program for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention (YOGA-DP) Among High-Risk People: Qualitative Study to Explore Reasons for Non-participation in a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial in India

Background: Yoga-based interventions can be effective in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We developed a Yoga program for T2DM prevention (YOGA-DP) among high-risk people and conducted a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) in India. The objective of this study was to identify and explore why potential participants declined to participate in the feasibility RCT. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted at a Yoga center in New Delhi, India. Fourteen people (10 women and four men) who declined to participate in the feasibility RCT were interviewed, and 13 of them completed the non-participant questionnaire, which captured their socio-demographics, diets, physical activities, and reasons for declining. Results: Three types of barriers were identified and explored which prevented participation in the feasibility RCT: (1) personal barriers, such as lack of time, perceived sufficiency of knowledge, preferences about self-management of health, and trust in other traditional and alternative therapies; (2) contextual barriers, such as social influences and lack of awareness about preventive care; and (3) study-related barriers, such as lack of study information, poor accessibility to the Yoga site, and lack of trust in the study methods and intervention. Conclusions: We identified and explored personal, contextual, and study-related barriers to participation in a feasibility RCT in India. The findings will help to address recruitment challenges in future Yoga and other RCTs. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier: CTRI/2019/05/018893.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A controlled, reproducible, and extensible experiment for evaluating the impact of Tor latency

The Tor anonymity network is an essential protection for those living in oppressive regimes, who may be persecuted for their speech or other activities on the Internet. However, its usability is severely affected by high latency. Furthermore, because of the difficulty associated with conducting research evaluations on the Tor network, there has been insufficient research aimed at this problem. To address this, we develop a CloudLab profile that instantiates a private Tor testing network for easy, reproducible experimental evaluations on Tor. We demonstrate how to use this CloudLab profile to measure the page load time of selected web pages over a Tor network under different network conditions representative of typical Tor usage.

Topic: Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Danish Nation-State as Crafted in Textbook Narratives

National education institutions, curricula, educational historiography, and tools like textbooks play a large role in nation-state-building and the making of nation-states' future citizens. In relation to this, there is also a historical link between the development of national compulsory, mass schooling, and nation-oriented school subjects such as history and geography. Therefore, in an effort to reconstruct Denmark's historical path of nation-state development from constitutionalism to the Nordic model, this chapter focuses on the analysis of official narratives from history and geography textbooks published for Denmark between 1849 and 1939. In analyzing these textbook narratives, certain, persistent ideals of the Danish nation-state engineers reveal themselves. What emerges in this case is twofold. On the one hand, the Danish national movement and the importance it placed on Danish unification as a Folk through the Danish language relate to both the historic, nationally pertinent Schleswig Question and Denmark's transition to a constitutional monarchy at the end of the 1840s. On the other hand, their resulting emphasis on unity and populism helped Denmark develop values that would converge well with the other Nordic states in the Nordic model nearly a century later.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiscale Asymptotic Computations for the Elastic Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem in Periodically Composite Structure

A multiscale analysis and computational method based on the Second-Order Two-Scale (SOTS) approach are proposed for the elastic quadratic eigenvalue problems in the periodic composite domain. Two typical quadratic eigenvalue problems with different damping effects are considered, and by the asymptotic expansions of both the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, the first- and second-order cell functions, the microscale features of this heterogeneous materials are defined successively. Then, the homogenized quadratic eigenvalue problems are derived and the second-order expansions of the eigenfunctions are formed. The eigenvalues are also broadened to the second-order terms by introducing proper auxiliary elastic functions defined in the composite structure, and the nonlinear expressions of the correctors of the eigenvalues are derived. The finite element procedures are established, linearized methods are discussed for solving the quadratic eigenvalue problems and the second-order asymptotic computations are performed. Effectiveness of the asymptotic model is demonstrated by both the qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the computed SOTS approximations and the reference solutions, and the converging behavior of the eigenfunctions are numerically verified. It is also indicated that the second-order correctors are of importance to reconstruct the detailed information of the original eigenfunctions within the micro cells.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of Imaging for the Sports Physician

Summary In general, the patient population of the sports physician are highly motivated, competitive athletes, who tend to be under continuous time pressure. Imaging techniques can be very helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis and for choosing the appropriate therapy, monitoring the healing process and evaluating complications. In this chapter the role of imaging is discussed with specific focus on muscle and tendon injuries, stress fractures, shoulder and ankle injuries.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Comparison of Laparoscopic Myomectomy and Laparoscopic Assisted Myomectomy for the Surgical Approach to Myomas

Objective: to compare the intraoperative and postoperative short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and laparoscopically assisted myomectomy for the management of uterine myomas.Design: Data from the files of the patients operated for uterin myomata were obtained and assessed.The cases operated directly with abdominal hysterectomy were excluded.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical composition of essential oil from invasive Moroccan Cyperus rotundus L., in vitro antimicrobial and antiradical activities, and in silico molecular docking of major compounds on drug efflux pumps

For centuries, invasive Cyperus rotundus L. (C. rotundus) rich in secondary metabolites has received greater attention in many civilizations as source of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs. In Morocco, the plant is of traditional reputation especially in medicine and cosmetic applications. The present work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Moroccan C. rotundus rhizomes against bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and fungal strains of Aspergillus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans), as well as its antiradical activity. The C. rotundus essential oil comprised 49 identified compounds, including longiverbenone, cyperotundone, (-)-eudesma-1,4(15),11-triene (eudesmatriene), β-copaen-4α-ol, humulene epoxide 2 and α-copaene as the most abundant. The essential oil weakly scavenged 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals, and was active against all tested microorganisms with an inhibition concentration ranging from 1.53 to 49 mg/mL. In silico molecular docking revealed that the major compounds involved hydrophobic interactions to bind efficiently with NorA, AcrB and Cdr1p drugs efflux transporters as candidate targets to combat drugs resistance, in addition to have a remarkable competitivity with standard inhibitors chlorpromazine and fluconazole. The C. rotundus essential oil marked an interesting antimicrobial activity, even more on gram-negative E. coli. This could be attributed to its major identified compounds, including eudesmatriene, β-copaen-4α-ol and longiverbenone that also illustrated a modulator agent profile encouraging for further studies on their potential use in combination treatment.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Therapy of Breast Cancer in C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen Transgenic Mice

Abstract Oncolytic herpes simplex virus vectors are a promising strategy for cancer therapy, as direct cytotoxic agents, inducers of antitumor immune responses, and as expressers of anticancer genes. Progress is dependent upon representative preclinical models to evaluate therapy. In this study, two families of oncolytic herpes simplex virus vectors (G207 and NV1020 series) that have been in clinical trials were examined for the treatment of breast cancer, using the C3(1)/T-Ag transgenic mouse model. Female mice spontaneously develop mammary carcinomas, and the C3(1)/T-Ag–derived tumor cell line M6c forms implantable tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo, G47Δ, derived from G207 by deletion of ICP47 and the US11 promoter, was more efficacious than G207. Whereas NV1023, derived from NV1020 by deletion of ICP47 and insertion of LacZ, was as cytotoxic to M6c cells in vitro as G47Δ, it did not inhibit the growth of s.c. M6c tumors but did extend the survival of intracerebral tumor bearing mice. In contrast, NV1042, NV1023 expressing interleukin 12, inhibited s.c. M6c tumor growth to a similar extent as G47Δ, but was less effective than NV1023 in intracerebral tumors. In the spontaneously arising mammary tumor model, when only the first arising tumor per mouse was treated, G47Δ inhibited the growth of a subset of tumors, and when all tumors were treated, G47Δ significantly delayed tumor progression. When the first mammary tumor was treated and the remaining mammary glands removed, NV1042 was more efficacious than G47Δ at inhibiting the growth and progression of injected tumors.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A study of attitudes of nurse aides toward ethnic patients in nursing homes

This study examined the attitudes of nurse aides toward patients of different ethnicities in nursing homes. Since nurse aides provide 90% of direct patient care, it was considered important to study the attitudes and prejudices of these multi-ethnic staff members who care for multi-ethnic elderly patients. A semantic differential scale and a social distance scale were used to assess the attitudes of nurse aides, and a questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and perceptions of nurse aides with respect to the behavior, family relationships and the degree of religiosity of patients from different ethnicities. A sample of 110 nurse aides was drawn from three New York City nursing homes. The semantic differential scale was used to measure attitudes of nurse aides toward patients in six ethnic groups: Chinese, Black, Puerto Rican, Jewish, Italian, and Irish. None of the ethnic patients were rated unfavorably or strongly favorable. The social distance scale measured attitudes toward ethnic groups in general. Results indicated that nurse aides were not prejudiced toward any of the ethnic groups studied. Nurse aides were found to have definite perceptions of the behaviors of different ethnic groups. These findings were statistically significant. A new perspective is needed in social work education, a perspective emphasizing the cultural diversity of clients and an understanding of ethnic heritage. Gerontologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of ethnic life for the elderly and the need to improve delivery of services by appreciation of the impact of ethnicity upon both the workers and clients. Nursing homes must develop training programs for staff which emphasize the influence of ethnocultural differences. From this study a training program for nursing home staff was developed and is offered to improve understanding of ethnic differences and ethnic similarities.

Topic: Cultural Competency in Health Care
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Youth Participation in Competitive Sports Associates with Midlife Lean Body Mass and Physical Activity

Benefits of life-long physical activity (PA) are widely recognized. Fewer studies have investigated how being young competing athlete reflects to later life body composition and PA. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of participation in competitive sports in youth on the body composition and subjectively and objectively measured PA at middle- age. METHODS: The study participants are 47-to-55-year old Finnish women (n=985) attending to the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis study (ERMA). Their participation in competitive sports at the age of 13-to-16 was assessed with retrospective self-report. Midlife lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) were measured with bioimpedance (Inbody 720) after overnight fast (n=866). Midlife PA included 7-scaled self-estimate that was reclassified to form sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous PA categories (n=985), a detailed assessment of leisure-time PA volume, duration and intensity (a modified Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Questionnaire, n=982) enabling calculation of mean daily metabolic equivalent (MET-h/day) index as a proxy of the previous 12 months PA and objectively measured total PA over seven-days by hip-worn accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X+ or wGT3X+, n=734). Statistical differences were tested using chi-squared test, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Participants were assigned into youth athlete (n=136) or non-athlete (n=849) groups based on their participation in competitive sports at the age of 13-to-16. Youth athlete group had 1.5 kg higher LBM (p=0.002) and 1.0 kg higher SMM (p=0.001) at middle-age, but no statistically significant difference in FM. Youth athletes reported more vigorous PA (32.4% vs. 20.3%, p=0.007) and higher leisure-time MET index (4.3 vs. 3.4 h/day, p<0.001) than non-athletes. No difference was observed in accelerometer-measured sedentary time, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA or total PA (counts) between groups. CONCLUSION: Participation in sport competitions as a teenager has long lasting health benefits that associates with healthier body composition and higher leisure-time PA later in life. However, the discrepancy between self-reports and objective measures needs further studies to delineate the benefits of different components of PA.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences