jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Test of a developmental trade‐off in a polyphenic butterfly: direct development favours reproductive output

1 Evolutionary theory predicts that resource allocation decisions taken during development are adjusted to an organism's life-history. These decisions may have irreversible effects on body design and strong fitness consequences. Holometabolous insects that have a long expected life span typically postpone reproduction, and so are expected to allocate resources for somatic maintenance prior to investing in reproduction. In contrast, insects that have a short expected life span are expected to allocate relatively less to soma and more to reproduction. In support of this theory, an earlier investigation of resources allocated to soma vs. reproductive reserves in the comma butterfly, Polygonia c-album, revealed that short-lived females indeed allocate more resources to reproductive reserves as compared to longer lived females that hibernate before reproduction suggesting that short-lived females should have higher fecundity. 2 Here we test this prediction, using the comma butterfly as our study organism. Depending on daylength and temperature this butterfly produces one of two morphs: (i) a light summer morph that reproduces directly after adult eclosion and has a short expected life span of a couple of weeks; or (ii) a darker winter morph that normally lives for 8–9 months before the onset of reproduction. Our test is based on experimental manipulation that allowed us to induce reproduction without prior hibernation in winter morph comma butterflies, and comparing lifetime fecundity among three groups: (i) directly reproducing summer morph commas; (ii) directly reproducing winter morph commas; and (iii) winter morph commas reproducing after overwintering. This protocol allowed us to tease apart trade-offs during development and the hibernation period. 3 The results showed that the short-lived summer morph had a substantially higher fecundity (total number of eggs = 586 ± 19, mean ± SE) than the winter morph females manipulated to reproduce without hibernation (total number of eggs = 334 ± 42). We argue that this is a consequence of a resource allocation trade-off during early development observed in this species; females with a short expected life as adults allocate relatively more of their resources to reproductive parts and thereby reach a higher reproductive output compared to females predisposed for a long adult life. 4 There was no significant difference in lifetime fecundity between winter morph females that did, or did not, hibernate before reproduction. This suggests that the cost of hibernation per se is small and hence corroborates our conclusion that the life-history implemented trade-off made during early development underlies the lower reproductive output of the winter morph butterflies.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Impact of Technical and Non-technical Measures of Water Quality on Coastal Waterfront Property Values in South Florida

Due to the unprecedented population growth and increased economic activity in coastal areas, the health and hence value of coastal waterbody resources have been the subject of interest in recent years. In this article we estimate the value of a healthy waterbody through a hedonic property price analysis utilizing water quality as the amenity of interest. We compare hedonic analysis results using technical measures of water quality to the results using a non-technical measure of water quality "location grade" available in an urban coastal housing market of South Florida. Our results indicate that water quality improvement is associated with higher property values. In the comparison between technical and non-technical measures of water quality, we find that the technical measures provide better prediction of housing prices than the non-technical location grade. We further impute implicit prices for water quality improvement where significant mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates range from $7,531 to $43,158.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Watershed Communal Land Management and Livelihood of Rural Households in Kilte Awlaelo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

While the degradation of natural resources has a substantial impact on the livelihood of farmers in rural areas, there is scant empirical evidence about livelihood status and benefits from communal resources, especially whether the benefits are equally distributed among local farmers. This study examines how the conservation of communal lands affects the food security status and the livelihood of the poor people in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. This paper employed both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses using the ordinary least square regression and quantile regression models. The food security status of rural households was found to be negatively associated with the direct use of natural resources generated on conserved communal lands. The study further affirms that households in the lower quantile harness more of the direct use of common property resources. However, households in the median and the upper quantiles tend to engage in the indirect use of resources generated on communal lands. These findings pose a critical policy implication regarding how to reconcile the trade-offs between the consequence of heavy dependence of the poor on the direct use of communal land-based resources and ensuring sustainable livelihood by allowing the poor to collect benefits from the conserved lands.

Topic: Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fluorescence excitation function of N<scp>i</scp> 1200‐Å and cross sections for fluorescence photon‐photoion coincidence produced through photoexcitation of N<sub>2</sub>

The absolute fluorescence excitation function of the N i 1200‐Å emission through photoexcitation of N 2 has been measured in the 250‐620 Å region using synchrotron radiation as the continuous tunable light source. The dissociative photoionization excitation of N 2 involving the production of N i 1200‐Å emission and N + ion has also been studied at several selected photon wavelengths shortward of 360 Å using a coincidence technique to detect the N i 1200‐Å fluorescence photon and the N + ion. The maximum quantum yields for producing these processes are of the order of 6 × 10 −2 . It was found that dissociative excitation processes can be competitive with the dissociative ionization excitation processes for the multiple‐electron transition states. The present results suggest that the electronic states of N 2 in the 320‐340 Å region consist of both ion states of N 2 + (Langhoff et al., 1981) and neutral states of N 2 , which could be the Rydberg states converging to N 2 ++ (Sambe and Ramaker, 1986).

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chronic Pancreatitis Preceding Pancreatic Cancer: Prevalence and Associated Factors: 2017 Presidential Poster Award

Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is believed to be a risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCa; RR 13.3). However, prevalence of CP and/or factors associated with CP that precede PCa are not well studied. This study utilized a national deidentified commercial insurance database to evaluate the prevalence of CP preceding PCa and factors associated with presence of CP preceding PCa. Methods: A national deidentified database of 15 million commercially insured US patients between January 1st 2007 and December 31st 2009 was used for the study. All patients with ICD-9 code for PCa (157.0-157.3) were identified in the database. Patient's demographics and, ICD-9 codes for CP (577.1), obesity (278.00), smoking (305.1), hepatic cirrhosis (571.2, 571.5, 571.6) and bile duct obstruction (576.2), and details about statin use were collected. Patients with age <18 years (n=61), unknown gender (n=2) or race (n=507), or medical claim for CP made >30 days after the diagnosis of PCa (n=132) were excluded. Races in the dataset that individually constituted <2% of the total population were grouped together as other races. Results: A total of 6,462 (0.043%) patients had documentation/medical claim for PCa in the dataset. 702 patients were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Final analysis included 5,760 adult patients with a medical claim for PCa and 469 (8.14%) patients had a preceding medical claim for CP (Table 1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that PCa patients with preceding CP were younger than PCa patients without CP (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.99; P<0.0001). Male gender (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58; P<0.05), and medical claims for smoking (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.18-3.4; P<0.0001), cirrhosis (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.91-3.05; P<0.0001) and bile duct obstruction (OR 3.08, 95% CI 2.5-3.8; P<0.0001) were independently associated with a medical claim for CP preceding PCa. Hispanics with a medical claim for PCa were less likely to have a preceding medical claim for CP as compared to Caucasians (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.93; P<0.05), African-Americans (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.28-0.88; P<0.05) and other races (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.78; P<0.05; Table 2).Table: Table. Characteristics of final PCa patient population with and without CPTable: Table. Multivariate regression model of demographics and other variables in PCa patients with and without a preceding medical claim for CP*Conclusion: In patients with PCa 7.96% had a preceding documentation of CP. Younger age, male gender, smoking, cirrhosis and bile duct obstruction were independently associated with a medical claim for CP preceding PCa. Hispanics were less likely to have CP preceding PCa as compared to all other racial groups.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tics in the Small Intestine: An Unusual Case of Jejunal Diverticulitis

Small bowel (SB) diverticulosis is rare and usually has an asymptomatic presentation. Diverticular microperforations provoke inflammation and diverticulitis. Given the disease rarity, no current treatment guidelines exist. Little is known regarding malignancy-associated SB diverticulitis and screening with endoscopic procedures, capsule endoscopy, or radiographic imaging may be difficult or inadequate. In this case, we report on a 64-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain secondary to jejunal diverticulitis, received antibiotics with radiographic disease resolution, and will undergo malignancy screening with balloon enteroscopy.

Topic: Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
56: Substance P-Induced Expression of CD74 (Receptor for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) on the cell Surface of Urothelial cells in vivo

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 2, Saturday, May 19, 2007 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 200756: Substance P-Induced Expression of CD74 (Receptor for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) on the cell Surface of Urothelial cells in vivo Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, and Pedro L. Vera Katherine L. Meyer-SieglerKatherine L. Meyer-Siegler More articles by this author , and Pedro L. VeraPedro L. Vera More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30321-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "56: Substance P-Induced Expression of CD74 (Receptor for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) on the cell Surface of Urothelial cells in vivo." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 19 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 19 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler More articles by this author Pedro L. Vera More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Topic: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Even one is one too many — Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

With levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy suggesting Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is significantly underdiagnosed in Ireland, Dr Irwin Gill and Prof Farhana Sharif examine the diagnosis and management of the condition ahead of a national survey of paediatricians.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term for a group of conditions resulting from fetal alcohol exposure during pregnancy. FASD is characterised by variable mental, physical, neurological and behavioural deficits, and is recognised internationally as a major contributor to intellectual impairment and disability and one of the major causes of preventable developmental delay.

It makes a significant contribution to hidden disability as many affected patients have long delays in getting a diagnosis or are never diagnosed at all. Doctors involved in the care of babies and children have a unique opportunity to identify children exposed to alcohol in utero, but evidence suggests this is an opportunity frequently missed.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is included within FASD and can be diagnosed in children with a history of antenatal alcohol exposure who have antenatal or postnatal growth restriction, characteristic facial features and evidence of central nervous system impairment....

Topic: Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Serum for Treatment of Hyperpigmentation

The significance of cosmetics has accelerated as many human beings need to live younger and attractive. Cosmetics are conveniently to be had nowadays withinside the shape of lotions, serum, lipstick, perfumes, eye shadows, nail polishes, hair sprays etc. Other cosmetics like face powder deliver glow to the pores and skin after making use of the bottom cream. Serum is a concentrated product that is widely used in cosmetology. The cosmetic serum is as concentrated in water or oil as any other cream serum or other concentrated product that contains ten times more organic matter than cream. The present study is on to formulate herbal face serum which is safe and does not produce any side effect. In this serum aloe vera contain number of vitamins and minerals that have strong moisturizing property Aloe vera gel has been reported to have a protective effect against radiation damage to the skin., Sesame oil contains vitamin E terpenoid which show anti- hyperpigmentation property and can help protect skin cells from the damage caused by environmental factors such as UV rays and pollution. It contain glycyrrhizic acid, Glycyrrhizin, Glabridin. It shows UVB protection. Lemon oil has antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial property. F3 batch shows 86.24% spreadability, 5.1 pH which good for facial skin. Serum formulation is brownish in color, smooth homogenous texture with no phase separation.

Topic: melanin and skin pigmentation
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Importance of the third thrombospondin repeat of C6 for terminal complement complex assembly.

The anti-C6 monoclonal antibody WU 6-4 was shown to be unequivocally native restricted since it neither binds to the terminal complement complex (TCC) nor to C5b6. In addition, it was shown to inhibit TCC formation by interfering with C5b6 generation. Using the pUEX expression system and C6 cDNA the WU 6-4 epitope was mapped to the third thrombospondin repeat of C6. This protein domain may therefore contribute to the C5 binding site of C6 and be involved in terminal complement complex assembly. The presence of the epitope in rabbit C6 indicates a useful model for studying inhibition of TCC formation in vivo.

Topic: Complement system in diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
President of Venezuela visits ICRC

The President of the Republic of Venezuela, Mr. Luis Herrera Campins, came to the headquarters of the ICRC, on 12 June 1981, accompanied by Mrs. de Herrera Campins and their suite. They were welcomed by ICRC President Mr. Alexandre Hay. The members of the Committee, the directors of the ICRC and Mr. Henrik Beer, Secretary-General of the League of Red Cross Societies, were presented to the presidential couple.

Topic: International Relations in Latin America
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A clinical study on treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with L-ornithine-L-aspartate

Objective To study efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its effect on lowering serum level of triglycerine MethodsTotally, 30 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed by liver function test, B ultrasound scanning and liver biopsy were treated by intravenous infusion of L ornithine L aspartate (Hepa Merz) 10 g daily for 21 days Activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum level of triglycerine (TG) were determined for all the cases before and after treatment Results Activities of serum ALT and AST and serum level of TG were restored to normal in 29 (96 7%) and in 28 (93 3%) of 30 patients, respectively, after treatment No serious adverse effects were found during treatment Conclusions L ornithine L aspartate (Hepa Merz) is a safe and effective drug in treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and can lower serum level of triglycerine significantly

Topic: Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A comparative study of frequency estimation techniques

This paper describes a comparative study of frequency estimation techniques using the angle between two phasors, high speed FIR filtering, and positive sequence component. The three frequency estimation techniques to be discussed are the DFT filtering based algorithm using phasor angle between two phasors, the high speed FIR filtering based algorithm, and positive sequence component based algorithm using the half angle between two successive positions of phasor. In this paper, these frequency estimation techniques have been formulated through numerical manipulation of a discrete system. For ATP simulation data, the performance of these three frequency estimation techniques are also compared.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Detection of Immune Complexes of Different Immunoglobulin Class

Summary: Immune complexes were detected in 51 sera from patients with a variety of immunological diseases: 14 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); 14 infectious mononucleosis (IM); 12 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 11 subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE). Three methods were used to detect complexes: the fluid—phase Clq binding assay (Clq.BA); the solid—phase Clq binding assay (Clq.SP) and the Raji cell radio‐immunoassay (RIA). Modification of the Clq.SP and the Raji cell RIA by use of monospecific antisera to immunoglobulins G, A and M enabled the class of antibody in the immune complexes to be determined. Antibodies of all three classes were found in each disease, the predominant ones being IgG and IgM in SLE and SBE, IgM and IgA in RA and IgM in IM.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expanded Fermilab pressure vessel directory program

Several procedures have been written to manage the information pertaining to the vacuum tanks and pressure vessels for which the laboratory is responsible. These procedures have been named TANK1 for the vessels belonging to the Accelerator Division, TANK2 and TANK3 for the vessels belonging to the Research Division and to Technical Support respectively, and TANK4 for the vessels belonging to the Business Division. The operating procedures are otherwise identical in every respect.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of cutting size and packaging materials on the quality of fresh-cut winter squash (var. Ajijimang)

Winter squash (var. Ajijimang) washed in 100 mg.L-1 chlorine water and cut into 4 and 8 parts was packed in different packaging materials, 35 μm micro-perforated P-Plus (MPP), 50 μm polyethylene (PE), 80 μm nylon/PE (Ny/PE), and 90 μm PE films separately. Fresh-cut samples were then stored at 10℃ for up to 17 days. The 35 μm MPP having a high oxygen transmission rate (OTR) has the most stable gas exchange ratio while the 80 μm Ny/PE was the most unstable. Firmness of the mesocarp remained acceptable until the end of storage regardless of the cutting size. Soluble solids content (SSC) remained stable and even slightly increased to a certain extent within 6 days. An increase in pH after 10-day storage suggested the activity of microorganisms within the packaging films. Strong off-odor was detected in samples packaged in 80 μm Ny/PE film after 13 days of storage. Mold was observed in all 1/4 cut samples on day 13 except the sample packaged with 80 μm Ny/PE film. However, no mold was found in all 1/8 cut samples except 35 μm MPP film on day 13. Severe mold invasion was apparent on the onset of the 17-day storage in 35 μm MPP film and 50 μm PE film. Samples cut into 8 parts and packed in 80 μm Ny/PE and 90 μm PE films had less mold incidence compared with other two packaging films. Fresh-cut winter squash packaged in 90 μm PE film maintained quality with shelf-life of 10 days at 10℃. Winter squash as fresh-cut commodity, with the right packaging material has the potential for longer period of storage in retail stores.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Model Order Reduction of Linear Time Variant High Speed VLSI Interconnects using Frequency Shift Technique

Abstract—Accurate modeling of high speed RLC interconnects has become a necessity to address signal integrity issues in current VLSI design. To accurately model a dispersive system of interconnects at higher frequencies; a full-wave analysis is required. However, conventional circuit simulation of interconnects with full wave models is extremely CPU expensive. We present an algorithm for reducing large VLSI circuits to much smaller ones with similar input-output behavior. A key feature of our method, called Frequency Shift Technique, is that it is capable of reducing linear time-varying systems. This enables it to capture frequency-translation and sampling behavior, important in communication subsystems such as mixers, RF components and switched-capacitor filters. Reduction is obtained by projecting the original system described by linear differential equations into a lower dimension. Experiments have been carried out using Cadence Design Simulator c○which indicates that the proposed technique achieves more % reduction with less CPU time than the other model order reduction techniques existing in literature. We also present applications to RF circuit subsystems, obtaining size reductions and evaluation speedups of orders of magnitude with insignificant loss of accuracy. Keywords—Model order Reduction, RLC, crosstalk I.

Topic: Model Reduction and Neural Networks
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences