jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ex-vivo Evaluation of the Accuracy of Three Different Apex Locators in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals

Objective: To evaluate the precision of three endodontic apex locators-Propex Pixi, Woodpex III, and VDW Gold Reciproc-in vitro and under clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were decoranated, and actual root canal lengths were measured and recorded with an operating microscope at x20 magnification. The teeth were then embedded in an ex-vivo model, and the measurement of the root canal length was obtained electronically. Each measurement was performed in triplicate, and the mean value was recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. Two paired sample t-tests were used for normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for data that did not show normal distribution. A chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables according to the experimental groups. Results: Woodpex III showed significantly more accurate results than the other apex locators. Propex Pixi and VDW Gold Reciproc apex locators showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Under the circumstances of the present study, Woodpex III allowed for more accurate measurements compared with the other tested devices.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Adsorption of Bilirubin by Direct Hemoperfusion Using Macroporous Polymer Beads.

血液中の代謝産物であるビリルビンを吸着除去することを目的としてアミン化合物を担持した多孔性のポリマービーズを合成し, このビーズのビリルビン吸着特性をタンパク質を含む模擬血清あるいは高ビリルビン症患者血漿を用いたin vitroでの検討をし, さらに直接血液灌流法によるex vivoでの検討を加えた. ビリルビンの吸着は溶媒のpHに影響され, pH5.4に比較してpH7.4で高い吸着性を示した. しかしながら, ビーズの架橋度あるいはアミン化合物の種類にはあまり影響されなかった. 血液適合性を改善するためにビーズをポリ (2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリラート) (poly (HEMA)) で被覆した. これにより吸着特性が変化することはなかった. イヌを用いた血液直接灌流法によりビリルビンの除去特性及び血液適合性を評価した. その結果, ビリルビンは効果的に吸着除去されるものの, 血液との相互作用も強いことがわかった. 特に白血球や血小板がビーズとの接触により著しく減少することが見いだされた. さらにビーズ表面には多くの血球成分が粘着し, 凝集していることがわかった. 以上のことより, アミン化合物を導入した多孔性ビーズはビリルビンの吸着には有効であるが, poly (HEMA) の被覆では直接血液灌流に利用できる程度の十分な血液適合性は付与できないことが明らかになった.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Seabird records from Tonga – an account based on the literature and recent observations

The previous sparse literature on Tongan seabirds is reviewed and is expanded by records made on 60 voyages through the area here described as Tongan waters. Of the 37 species thought to occur, 5 are passage migrants; breeding has been confirmed in 8 species and could occur in a further 8. Eight species are thought to be visiting and the status of another 8 requires confirmation.

Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Subfield: Developmental Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Patients With Follicular Lymphoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials

Follicular lymphoma, which represents 15 % – 30 % of newly diag-nosed lymphomas, is an indolent lymphoma that is characterized by slow growth and a high initial response rate but relapsing and progressive disease ( 1, 2). Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, that is, stage III or IV, and cannot be cured with currently available conventional therapies. New treatment modalities are therefore urgently needed. The chimeric monoclonal antibody rituximab targeted against CD20, a protein that is expressed on the surface of all mature B cells, is active in many B-cell lymphomas that express this mole-cule. Rituximab administered intravenously in combination with chemotherapy improves overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed indolent lymphoma compared with che-motherapy alone ( 3). The value of rituximab as maintenance therapy for patients who responded to induction therapy is yet to be determined. Phase 2 studies suggest that rituximab may improve response rates ( 4, 5). Although clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab maintenance treatment may prolong complete

Topic: Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Numerical simulations of plasmonic properties of spherical gold nanodisks using T-matrix method: impact of geometry parameters on the sensitivity to the dielectric environment and the field enhancement

Abstract Simulations using the transition matrix approach are implemented for spherical gold nanodisks (AuNDs) to obtain insights into their plasmonic properties. We systematically follow the correlation between the optical response of these nanostructures with their geometry parameters and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Plasmon wavelengths linearly redshift with the diameter-to-height aspect ratio, which is consistent with measured data available in the literature, thereby ensuring calculation accuracy. The relative plasmon resonance shift to the relative increment of the medium refractive index is geometry-dependent and exhibits a linear correlation in which the estimated slope represents the plasmon resonance sensitivity. We confirm the strong dependence of the field enhancement factor on the geometry parameters of nanodisks. The relative contributions of scattering and absorption in the extinction spectra are determined. Simulations show that circular AuNDs have well-controlled optical characteristics that will provide great opportunities to achieve various plasmon-derived applications.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
General electives in civil engineering, computer science and social science

There have been numerous calls to broaden the education of engineers and thus prepare them to serve society with an awareness of and sensitivity to the cultural, political, economic and social dimensions of their work [1]. This paper will present the experience at University College Dublin (UCD) in providing a broader education through the provision of non-programme electives for their students. In 2005, UCD introduced the Horizons initiative that resulted in the development of fully modularised, semesterised and credit-based degree programmes [2]. One of the key features of the initiative was the introduction of an element of elective choice for students in the first three years of their undergraduate studies. In each year, students can select two modules out of the twelve modules they take from any programme across the University. The proposed paper will examine the impact of the Horizons initiative on three disciplines in University College Dublin, namely, Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Social Science. Examination of the data shows that 72% of Civil Engineering students, 47% of Computer Science students and 16% of Social Science students avail of the opportunity to study modules outside their programme areas of study Few non-Civil Engineering students (5%) avail of electives offered by the programme, while in the case of Computer Science a significantly greater number (46%) avail of the opportunity to study Computer Science electives and the popularity of Social modules to non-programme students ranged from 6% to 27%, depending upon the module on offer.

Topic: Higher Education Learning Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The app will see you now: mobile health, diagnosis, and the practice of medicine in Quebec and Ontario

Mobile health applications are increasingly being used as tools of medicine. Outside of the clinic, some of these applications may contribute to diagnoses made absent a physician's care. We argue that this contravenes reservations of diagnosis to healthcare professionals in the law of two Canadian provinces: Quebec and Ontario. On the one hand, the law conceives of diagnosis in relatively broad terms. Drawing an association between symptoms and illness, for example, has been recognized in case law as sufficient. On the other hand, provincial law reserves diagnosis to physicians and other healthcare professionals. We argue that a number of health applications are capable of drawing associations between symptoms and disease and, in doing so, of delivering diagnoses in contravention of the law of Quebec and Ontario. This places mobile health applications in a poorly understood legal space. While prosecution is unlikely, the increasing ubiquity and technological sophistication of health applications promises to make such diagnosis widespread. We suggest that the legal status of such mobile health apps should be given serious attention. While our analysis focuses on the state of the law in Canada's largest provinces, we suggest that our argument will have implications in other jurisdictions.

Topic: Ethics in Clinical Research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growth of released and unreleased young stands in the western white pine type /

Effects of release by removal of a residual overstory and by cleaning treatments were measured over a 30-year period in young mixed-conifer stands on moist sites in northern Idaho.Increasing time of overwood retention caused rapid loss of the more intolerant species and corresponding reduction in subsequent alternatives for crop-tree selections.Cleaning effectively promoted the growth of leave trees (principally western white pine), but the amount and duration of benefit was decreased by an aggressive reappearance of tolerant and intolerant species, especially in heavily cleaned plots.

Topic: Forest ecology and management
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children younger than 15 years receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a considerable health burden in resource-poor countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence density of mortality and identify potential predictors among HIV-infected children receiving ART, from studies conducted in various parts of Ethiopia. Methods A comprehensive database search was made in Excerpta Medica, PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and Scopus. We reported results following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020. Excel Spreadsheet and STATA Version 14 software were used for data abstraction and meta-analysis, respectively. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I 2 statistics. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to further explore the sources of statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, publication bias and a leave-out-one sensitivity analysis were performed. Results Twenty-two articles involving 8,731 participants met inclusion criteria and were included. The pooled incidence density of mortality was 3.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52 to 3.64) per 100 child years. Predictors of mortality were living in rural areas (hazard ratio (HR), 2.18 [95% CI, 1.20 to 3.98]), poor adherence to ART (HR, 2.85 [ 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.88]), failure to initiate co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.52 to 3.07]), anemia (HR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.51 to 3.45]), opportunistic infections (HR, 1.52 [ 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.00]), underweight (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.26 to 2.41]), wasting (HR, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.56 to 4.16]), stunting (HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.63 to 2.51]), World Health Organization classified HIV clinical stages III and IV (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.42 to 2.05]), and Nevirapine-based regimens (HR, 3.91 [95% CI, 3.09 to 4.95]). Conclusions This study found that the overall mortality rate among HIV-infected children after ART initiation was high. Therefore, high-level commitment and involvement of responsible caregivers, healthcare providers, social workers, and program managers are of paramount importance to identify these risk factors and thus enhance the survival of HIV-infected children receiving ART.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Paper No 17.3: Disparity Selection in Stereoscopic Image

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) display devices provide a more realistic experience of entertainment. A great deal of research has been doing to enhance 3D image quality and reduce visual fatigue of stereoscopic display. One of the important considering factors of 3D research is the disparity which is, in general, defined the positional difference between left and right images. The definition is, however, too ambiguous to fix the disparity from various 3D contents. A new definition and a classification method, therefore, are suggested in this study. Furthermore, the validity of the suggested method was verified from a visual assessment.

Topic: Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Molecular and cellular studies of Drosophila neuroserpin Spn4A and its polymer-forming mutants

Serpins (Serine Protease Inhibitors) are expressed by most organisms and perform a variety of functions. Most serpins inhibit proteases by undergoing a unique conformational change. They are clinically relevant in two ways. First, introduction of single amino acid point mutations transforms the serpins’ labile conformations into pathogenic, inactive polymers causing “serpinopathies”. In particular, human neuroserpin is a brain-specific serpin that, when mutated, causes a debilitating early onset dementia through unknown cellular pathways. Second, serpins are currently under investigation as therapeutic inhibitors of proprotein convertases (PCs). PCs are associated with some bacterial and viral infections as well as cancer. However, no comprehensive investigation into the cellular effects of PC inhibitor expression in mammalian cells has been performed. This thesis details the use of the Drosophila serpin, Spn4A, to address the cellular pathways mediated by serpin polymers or PC inhibition. Spn4A is a neuron-specific, secretory pathway serpin that inhibits Drosophila or human PCs. We hypothesized that Spn4A mutants, encoding homologous disease-causing mutations in human neuroserpin, would form pathogenic polymers and represent an ideal candidate for generating a cell-based and transgenic Drosophila serpinopathy model. Further, we hypothesized that we could evaluate the cellular response to PC inhibition and polymer accumulation by transcriptome profiling of H4 human neuroglioma cells expressing Spn4A wild-type and mutants. We established an expression system using Spn4A and its mutants in H4s. Subsequently, we used microarray analysis to simultaneously address how serpin polymers may induce cytotoxicity as well as the effects of proprotein processing inhibition in neuroglioma cells. We demonstrated that Spn4A mutants formed polymers, were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, and lacked inhibitory function, but induced few changes on the transcriptome (under 20 genes differentially regulated). To this end, we have developed transgenic Drosophila overexpressing Spn4A variants to further investigate the biological impact of Spn4A mutants. Next, we analyzed the response to the PC inhibitor, Spn4A, and found marked changes in genes related to malignancy. Our genome-wide gene expression studies have provided novel insights into cellular changes in response to polymeric or PC-inhibiting serpins, and establish the foundation for future functional studies.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 6: of Genome-wide association study for hereditary ataxia in the Parson Russell Terrier and DNA-testing for ataxia-associated mutations in the Parson and Jack Russell Terrier

Manhattan plot of â log10 P-values of the genome-wide association study for hereditary ataxia in Parson Russell Terriers using a general model analysis. On the X-axis, the SNPs are given by dog chromosome number. The â log10P-values for each SNP genotype effect are plotted against the SNP position on each chromosome. Chromosomes are differentiated by colors. The color keys are given below the plot. The blue line indicates the threshold of the â log10 P-values for genome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction. (PDF 138 kb)

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Female Residency and Courtship intensity in a Territorial Lizard, Holbrookia propinqua

Abstract In the territorial iguanid lizard Holbrookia propinqua territory-holding males were found to court nonresident females more intensely than coresident females. Resident males also attempted to force copulation more frequently with nonresident females. These results indicate that males can operationally distinguish resident from nonresident females and suggest that males may recognize individual females. The selective forces underlying differential responses to resident and nonresident females presumably are related to differences in expected mating opportunities.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Public attitudes to a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2: a mixed-methods study

Human challenge studies involve the deliberate exposure of healthy volunteers to an infectious micro-organism in a highly controlled and monitored way. They are used to understand infectious diseases and have contributed to the development of vaccines. In early 2020, the UK started exploring the feasibility of establishing a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2. Given the significant public interest and the complexity of the potential risks and benefits, it is vital that public views are considered in the design and approval of any such study and that investigators and ethics boards remain accountable to the public. We conducted a mixed methods study comprising online surveys conducted with 2,441 UK adults and in-depth virtual focus groups with 57 UK adults during October 2020 to explore the public’s attitudes to a human challenge study with SARS-CoV-2 taking place in the UK. This depositary includes: Documentation relating to the online surveys; Survey Animation that survey participants were asked to view Survey wrappers (invitations, participant information sheet and consent, end of survey messages) Survey data (demographic information not included) Documentation relating to focus groups: Participant Information Sheet Focus Group Discussion guide

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>Moringa stenopetala</i> leaf extract improves the efficacy of doxorubicin in the breast cancer therapy by suppressing the expression of MDR-1, Raf-1, and Top-II

The aim of this work was to explore the bioactive properties of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> leaves (Baker f.) Cufod. Methanol and ethanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> values. MS leaves were found to be a good supplement for K, Fe and Ca. The obtained results indicated that ethanolic leaf extract exhibits growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell line, and induction of apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. Also, there was a significant effect on cytotoxicity against a breast cell line when the ethanolic extract was combined with doxorubicin. At the molecular level, changes in gene expression were detected <i>via</i> qPCR. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract using HPLC ESI-MS/MS and classified into: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, fatty acids, and other miscellaneous compounds. Molecular docking predicted that the main component in the ethanolic extract (apigenin-7-O-rutinoside) has multiple inhibitory effects on MDR-1, Raf-1 and Top-II proteins.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on Modeling of Cutting Wire Deflection of Multi-Wire Saw

The deflection of cutting wire on multi-wire saw is determined by cutting wire tension, diameter ingot feed force and some other factors, and it affects the quality of silicon wafers greatly. In this paper, the initial stage of cutting process is analyzed and modeled with three ODEs. Then the numerical solutions are solved by finding out the BVPs of each ODE. The numerical solutions showed the relationship between the deflection and the cutting parameters such as cutting wire tension, diameter and ingot feed force. This method is helpful for the further research of modeling the entire cutting process.

Topic: Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diagnostic value of antibodies against ribosomal phosphoproteins. A cross sectional and longitudinal study.

Antibodies against ribosomal phosphoproteins (anti-P antibodies) are found in about 10% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Using an ELISA with a synthetic peptide for screening and an immunoblotting technique as a confirmation test for detection of these antibodies, we found 16 positive patients among 946 sera sent to our reference laboratory for anti-DNA determination. All 12 patients on which we could obtain clinical data had clearcut SLE, fulfilling 6 ARA criteria on average. Skin symptoms were observed more frequently in anti-P positive than in anti-P negative patients with SLE. We also tested 56 sera from 54 patients with well defined SLE during monosymptomatic exacerbations and found an identical frequency of about 10% of anti-P antibodies in groups of patients with different types of exacerbation, including psychosis. A retrospective analysis of 9 patients followed 3-10 years showed that they all were already positive for anti-P at the onset of disease. In total these patients showed 15 major peaks in anti-P levels (defined as at least a 4-fold rise in titer in a period of 3 months). Five of the fluctuations in anti-P levels were paralleled by fluctuations in anti-DNA levels. In 6/15 cases, peaks of anti-P levels were accompanied by an exacerbation of SLE, but only 2 peaks of anti-P levels were already detectable before the onset of the exacerbation. In addition, 6 other exacerbations occurred in the absence of major anti-P rises in the preceding 3 months. Therefore, quantitative determinations of anti-P have at most a limited practical value in the followup of patients with SLE.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Additional file 9: of Transcriptome dynamics associated with resistance and susceptibility against fusarium head blight in four wheat genotypes

The 8811 differentially expressed pathogen genes. This file also include (B) statistics of differential expression feature extraction (DEFE) pattern associated with each gene, (C) values of FHB-related traits, and (D) Pearson correlation between centroids of the clusters and the FHB-related traits. (XLSX 5432 kb)

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences