jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Revised_Supplemental_Figure_Legends – Supplemental material for Nonvascularized Toe Joint Transfers to the Hand in Young Children: Technique Revisited

Supplemental material, Revised_Supplemental_Figure_Legends for Nonvascularized Toe Joint Transfers to the Hand in Young Children: Technique Revisited by Jeffrey G. Trost, Matthew Kaufman and David T. Netscher in HAND

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Diode pumped LiLa/sub 1-x/Nd/sub x/(MoO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and Nd:Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ lasers

Summary form only given. The number of attractive laser properties of the uniaxial LiLa/sub 1-x/Nd/sub x/(MoO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (Nd:LLM) and cubic structure Nd:Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ (Nd:BGO) crystals were demonstrated previously by flash lamp pumping. The main purposes of our investigations were the growth of these optically perfect highly concentrated Nd/sup 3+/ doped crystals and study of their lasing characteristics under CW diode pumping.

Topic: Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
<i>MC4R</i> Variants Modulate α-MSH and Setmelanotide Induced Cellular Signaling at Multiple Levels

Abstract Context The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays an important role in body weight regulation. Pathogenic MC4R variants are the most common cause of monogenic obesity. Objective We have identified 17 MC4R variants in adult and pediatric patients with obesity. Here we aimed to functionally characterize these variants by analyzing 4 different aspects of MC4R signaling. In addition, we aimed to analyze the effect of setmelanotide, a potent MC4R agonist, on these MC4R variants. Materials and Methods Cell surface expression and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)- or setmelanotide-induced cAMP response, β-arrestin-2 recruitment, and ERK activation were measured in cells expressing either wild type or variant MC4R. Results We found a large heterogeneity in the function of these variants. We identified variants with a loss of response for all studied MC4R signaling, variants with no cAMP accumulation or ERK activation but normal β-arrestin-2 recruitment, and variants with normal cAMP accumulation and ERK activation but decreased β-arrestin-2 recruitment, indicating disrupted desensitization and signaling mechanisms. Setmelanotide displayed a greater potency and similar efficacy as α-MSH and induced significantly increased maximal cAMP responses of several variants compared to α-MSH. Despite the heterogeneity in functional response, there was no apparent difference in the obesity phenotype in our patients. Conclusion We show that these obesity-associated MC4R variants affect MC4R signaling differently yet lead to a comparable clinical phenotype. Our results demonstrate the clinical importance of assessing the effect of MC4R variants on a range of molecular signaling mechanisms to determine their association with obesity, which may aid in improving personalized treatment.

Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
STATISTICAL MODELS OF PHYSIC-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROADS IN THE AREA OF CULVERTS

Introduction. Increased technical requirements for roads, associated with increasing axial loads, the intensity and speed of vehicles, with the actual technical condition of the roads number, engineering structures, including culverts, activation of federal and regional services to bring the parameters of road surfaces to the world standards, all listed parameters pose the task in developing the mathematical modeling methods of physical-mechanical characteristics of soils in the culverts area. Therefore, such methods allow to reduce economic costs and time for carrying out experimental research of deformations based on the monitoring results of the soil roadbed and pavement. Materials and methods. The order of technical condition of the culverts’ research, pavement and physico-mechanical characteristics of soils, methods of experimental research were discussed in the article. Moreover, the approach to carrying out experimental works on penetration of pits in places of deformations and nearby was approved. Additionally, the evaluation of the soils condition on the roadbed and the annular space of the culverts was made. Results. The schemes of deformation and elasticity, density, humidity, consistency, plasticity number, fluidity, and physical properties of the soil are determined. The engineering-geological elements, mean values of density, humidity and compaction factor are established according to the research aim. Consequently, the values of the strain modules and the modulus of elasticity are calculated on the basis of compression and stamp tests. Discussion and conclusions. The dependence of the pavement on the physic-mechanical characteristics of the soil of the roadbed is proved. The correlation-regression analysis of soil characteristics is performed on the basis of experimental research. As a result, the regression equations are obtained in the annular space of culverts and at the distance of ± 30 m nearby. As could be proved, there are irregularities in the coverage of road clothes caused by drawdown in barrier locations. The physic-mechanical characteristics of the ground and strength characteristics are increased by culverts’ transfer on distance. The application of physic-mechanical characteristics of the soil together with experimental studies makes it possible to reduce labor costs, time and cost of testing.

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Iatrogenic life-threatening condition in a patient with multiple rare disorders

Andersenův-Tawilův syndrom (7. forma syndromu dlouhého intervalu QT) je vzácné dědičné onemocnění charakterizované periodickou paralýzou, dlouhým intervalem QT, komorovými arytmiemi a abnormalitami kostry.Dvaapadesátiletá žena s anamnézou syndromu dlouhého intervalu QT, implantace kardioverteru-defibrilátoru (v rámci sekundární prevence srdeční zástavy) a systémové vaskulitidy, byla hospitalizována pro elektrickou bouři vyvolanou endokarditidou. Krátce po propuštění byla pacientka znovu hospitalizována pro multiorgánové selhání, velmi pravděpodobně vyvolané vysazením steroidů a VKA. K podezření na Andersenův-Tawilův syndrom vedly lékaře její charakteristické dysmorfní rysy.U pacientů s jednou vzácnou poruchou nelze zůstat u jedné diagnózy; přitom je třeba zajistit další důkladné ambulantní kontroly.

Topic: Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exactitude in Greek Musical Treatises: Meanings, Vocabulary, and Limits

The paper focuses on the notion of exactitude in ancient Greek music theory, with the aim of outlining some aspects of how this concept is conceived and approached within this discipline. Following Calvino’s definition of exactitude, it deals first with the general setting of ancient Greek harmonics as an “exact” science and, subsequently, with its imagery, by comparing how musical intervals are conceived and represented by two main schools of thought, namely the so-called “Aristoxenians” and “Pythagoreans”. Lastly, the third part of the paper focuses on the vocabulary of musical exactitude, by discussing two relevant case studies: the debate on the use of λόγος and διάστημα to define the interval and the problems posed by the concept of “half-tone”, which result also in a lexical controversy.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Automated Assembly Fixture Drilling

Abstract : A five-axis, automated assembly drilling fixture was fabricated and implemented in production to drill and countersink holes in aerospace hardware using a movable gantry adapted to an existing A-6E wing outer panel assembly fixture. The drill head, vertical gantry, fluidic controls, and drive systems were designed and fabricated early in the program. Several nosepiece configurations, a normality sensor, and two counter-balance systems were tested evaluated. Operating parameters for the system were established. Drilling tests were performed on aluminum, titanium, and graphite/epoxy workpiece using high- speed steel and carbide drill/countersink cutters.

Topic: Manufacturing Process and Optimization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata VI004150A-G

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata<br>Common name(s): Mungbean<br>Other names: NEMB- 43 (GREEN)<br>Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)<br>Local sample unique identifier: VI004150A-G<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1976-02-01<br>Other identifiers: n/a,V05151<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
How Lethal Injection Reform Constitutes Impermissible Research on Prisoners

This essay exposes how recent attempts at lethal injection reform have involved unethical and illegal research on prisoners. States are varying the doses and types of drugs used, developing methods designed for non-medical professionals to administer medical procedures, and gathering data or made provision for the gathering of data to learn from executions gone wrong. When individual prisoners are executed under these conditions, states are conducting research on them. Conducting research or experimentation on prisoners in the process of reform is problematic because it violates ethical frameworks and state laws. The Supreme Court has recently taken up the challenge of elucidating the standard for determining the constitutionality of lethal injection. If the Court suggests an approach to lethal injection reform that is akin to some of the more thoughtful and cautious approaches other courts have proposed, the Court’s decision may also contravene state laws or ethical precepts regarding research with prisoners. Thus, this paper provides important limitations on the kinds of reform that may be permissible and outlines the open questions that must be addressed before it can be determined whether the risks and uncertainties involved in lethal injection can be remedied.

Topic: Torture, Ethics, and Law
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Unified Plan of the House of the Faun

The theory that the House of the Faun, as it is known from the excavations at Pompeii, was the product of at least two successive building phases meets serious problems when the plan of the house is considered as a whole. The following analysis of the ground plan reveals a work of architecture that seems extraordinarily unified in its design, hence unlikely to have been implemented in separate phases. Elements of the atrium plans (those supposedly created in the first phase) appear to be so clearly subordinated to the planning of the insula as a whole (the putative second phase), that it is hard to imagine them as part of a presumably earlier building phase separate from the one that comprises the central peristyle in its entirety. Even more indicative of a unified plan is the consistent use of the 4:5 rectangle in three of the four major features of the house-from the subdivision of the insula as a whole to the proportioning of the Tuscan atrium.

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Author Response: Ubiquitin ligase and signalling hub MYCBP2 is required for efficient EPHB2 tyrosine kinase receptor function

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases participate in a variety of normal and pathogenic processes during development and throughout adulthood. This versatility is likely facilitated by the ability of Eph receptors to signal through diverse cellular signalling pathways: primarily by controlling cytoskeletal dynamics, but also by regulating cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Despite many proteins linked to these signalling pathways interacting with Eph receptors, the specific mechanisms behind such links and their coordination remain to be elucidated. In a proteomics screen for novel EPHB2 multi-effector proteins, we identified human MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2 or PAM or Phr1). MYCBP2 is a large signalling hub involved in diverse processes such as neuronal connectivity, synaptic growth, cell division, neuronal survival, and protein ubiquitination. Our biochemical experiments demonstrate that the formation of a complex containing EPHB2 and MYCBP2 is facilitated by FBXO45, a protein known to select substrates for MYCBP2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Formation of the MYCBP2-EPHB2 complex does not require EPHB2 tyrosine kinase activity and is destabilised by binding of ephrin-B ligands, suggesting that the MYCBP2-EPHB2 association is a prelude to EPHB2 signalling. Paradoxically, the loss of MYCBP2 results in increased ubiquitination of EPHB2 and a decrease of its protein levels suggesting that MYCBP2 stabilises EPHB2. Commensurate with this effect, our cellular experiments reveal that MYCBP2 is essential for efficient EPHB2 signalling responses in cell lines and primary neurons. Finally, our genetic studies in C. elegans provide in vivo evidence that the ephrin receptor VAB-1 displays genetic interactions with known MYCBP2 binding proteins. Together, our results align with the similarity of neurodevelopmental phenotypes caused by MYCBP2 and EPHB2 loss of function, and couple EPHB2 to a signaling effector that controls diverse cellular functions.

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD 102RVUV #116169.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pergamon Press plc Physical and biological effects of Los Ninos in the eastern tropical Pacific, 1986-1989

Abstract-The eastern tropical Pacific Ocean was surveyed in August-November 1986,1987,1988 and 1989 as part of a long-term program to monitor dolphin stocks. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll and nutrients were monitored to help interpret variability in dolphin stock estimates. The four surveys reveal major environmental changes during the moderate 1987 El Nido and the cold La Nida episode that followed in 1988. During the “onset ” phase of El Nido in fall 1986, surface temperatures were up to 1.5”C above normal in equatorial water, but near normal in tropical water north of the equator. The equatorial thermocline ridge was deepened by 10-30 m. During the “mature ” phase of El Nirio in fall 1987, surface temperatures anomalies were up to +2.5”C in equatorial water and about +1”C in tropical water. Thermocline topography was anomalously flat. Surface chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations declined by 1148 % compared to 1986, with the greatest declines occumng in coastal and equatorial upwelling systems and along the countercurrent thermocline ridge. During La Nida 1988, equatorial surface temperatures were up to 2.5”C below normal and the equatorial thermocline ridge was 10-50 m more shallow than normal. Chlorophyll and nitrate concentrations increased by 58-65 % compared to 1987. In 1989, surface temperature was within?l”C of normal throughout the study area and chlorophyll concentrations were similar to those observed in 1986. Changes in nutrient availability and biological productivity during the El NidoLa Niria cycle were caused by variations in both the rate of wind-driven upwelling and in the nutrient content of subsurface water entrained by upwelling.

Topic: Marine animal studies overview
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Emanuele Lo Giudice

\nCritical texts:\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n• Topographies of ghost towns: drawings by Emmanuele Lo Giudice\n&#13;\n• The essential design\n&#13;\n• Towards a gaseous body. Three rooms: Torre rossa, Racconto Veneziano, Una finestra azzurra\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\n

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Measurement of Isobaric Heat Capacity of Gaseous Trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO 1234ze (E) )

The specific isobaric heat capacity (cp) was measured for HFO-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) in the gas phase. HFO-1234ze(E) has a lower GWP value of 6 and is one of new environment-friendly refrigerants. Nineteen measurements for HFO-1234ze(E) were obtained at temperatures from 303 K to 363 K and at pressures from 0.35 to 1.3 MPa. The expanded uncertainty (k= 2) of the temperature measurements is estimated to be less 22 mK, and that of the pressure measurements is less 4.4 kPa. The expanded uncertainty for cp is estimated to range from 14 to 21 J/kg.K.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep Learning for Optical Vehicular Communication

In this paper, we consider the current status and technical issues involved in the use of optical camera communication (OCC)/visible light communication (VLC) technologies in vehicular communication systems. Hybrid spatial phase-shift keying was introduced in IEEE 802.15.7-2018 as the standard hybrid modulation scheme for vehicular OCC/VLC systems. We herein propose a functional communication system architecture for vehicular systems based on this hybrid waveform, and we also present state-of-the-art research work on an artificial intelligence (AI)-based vehicular OCC system. Every AI module within the proposed system architecture is discussed in detail. Finally, our experimental procedures and results are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system over a complex channel model in a vehicular environment. We effectively employed the popular You Only Look Once version 2 object detection algorithm for real-time region-of-interest tracking in city driving (at a vehicular velocity of around 30 km/h and highway night driving (at a vehicular velocity of &gt; 60 km/h) scenarios. Moreover, our novel neural-network-based decoder and AI-based error correction proved effective in improving the data decoding accuracy, resulting in a best-case reduction of 2.2 and 9.0 dB, respectively, in the signal-to-noise ratio needed to achieve the desired bit error rate of 10<sup>-4</sup> in a vehicular OCC/VLC system.

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EXTH-12. POTENTIATING THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNE CHECK-POINT INHIBITORS IN GLIOBLASTOMA BY INHIBITION OF CXCL12

Abstract BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in glioblastoma (GBM) is rich in CXCL12, a chemokine known for stimulating angiogenesis. CXCL12 also controls immune cell trafficking and promotes polarization to an immunosuppressive phenotype. We postulated that inhibiting CXCL12 will modulate the immunosuppressive TIME in GBM, thereby augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy agents like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We examined the immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy of CXCL12 inhibition, using a small molecule NOX-A12, with and without ICIs in pre-clinical murine GBM models. METHODS B6 immunocompetent mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) SB28 tumors received either vehicle, NOX-A12, anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 (dual ICI) or NOX-A12 + dual ICI (combination). Tumor growth was measured by IVIS imaging and immune cells in brain were analyzed using high dimensional flow cytometry. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test. RESULTS Combination treatment resulted in tumor regression and long-term survival in 40% of s.c. tumor bearing mice compared to 10% treated with dual ICI only. Three of 4 mice rechallenged with contralateral s.c. tumor remained tumor free while all naive mice reached endpoint. TIME from treated s.c. tumors revealed increase in CD4 and effector memory CD8 T cells by combination treatment compared to dual ICI. In i.c. GBM tumors, while no survival benefit or growth inhibition was seen, combination treatment induced an early increase in effector memory CD8 T cells and PD-L1+ B cells, and a later increase in MHC-II+ microglia compared to dual ICI. CONCLUSION Inhibition of CXCL12 enabled the increase of effector cytotoxic T cells by ICI, improving survival in the s.c. GBM model, but not in i.c. GBM model. This might be due to differences in CXCL12 effect between extra and intra-CNS tumor or due to robust immune response causing excessive brain edema and death. These will be further explored in ongoing and future studies.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Label-free direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nucleic acids(Conference Presentation)

Recently, plasmonic-based biosensing has experienced an unprecedented level of attention, with a particular focus on the nucleic acid detection, offering efficient solutions to engineer simple, fast, highly sensitive sensing platforms while overcoming important limitations of PCR and microarray techniques. In the broad field of plasmonics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has arisen as a powerful analytical tool for detection and structural characterization of biomolecules. Today applications of SERS to nucleic acid analysis largely rely on indirect strategies, which have been demonstrated very effective for pure sensing purposes but completely dismiss the exquisite structural information provided by the direct acquisition of the biomolecular vibrational fingerprint. Contrarily, direct label-free SERS of nucleic acid shows an outstanding potential in terms of chemical-specific information which, however, remained largely unexpressed mainly because of the inherent poor spectral reproducibility and/or limited sensitivity. To address these limitations, we developed a fast and affordable high-throughput screening direct SERS method for gaining detailed genomic information on nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and for the characterization and quantitative recognition of DNA interactions with exogenous agents. The simple strategy relies on the electrostatic adhesion of DNA/RNA onto positively-charged silver colloids that promotes the nanoparticle aggregation into stable clusters yielding intense and reproducible SERS spectra at picogram level (i.e. the analysis can be performed without the necessity of amplification steps thus providing realistic direct information of the nucleic acid in its native state). We anticipate this method to gain a vast impact and set of applications in different fields, including medical diagnostics, genomic screening, drug discovery, forensic science and even molecular electronics.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences