jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hip‐to‐calcaneus alignment differs from hip‐to‐talus alignment in patients with genu varum deformity

Abstract Purpose To (1) compare the weight‐bearing line (WBL) ratios of the knee joints measured using the conventional (hip‐to‐talus radiographs, HTRs) and novel (hip‐to‐calcaneus radiographs, HCRs) orthoradiograms, (2) compare the hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle between cases with &lt; 5% and &gt; 5% differences in WBL ratios between two orthoradiograms, and (3) investigate the optimal cutoff value (COV) of the HKA angle causing inconsistency in the orthoradiograms. Methods Sixty limbs of 31 patients with HTR and HCR records were retrospectively reviewed. After drawing the mechanical axis on each radiograph, the WBL ratios of the knees were calculated and compared between the conventional and novel orthoradiograms. In subgroup analysis, cases with &lt; 5% and &gt; 5% differences in WBL ratios between two orthoradiograms were classified as consistent and inconsistent groups, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve based on the HKA angles of the lower limbs was used to identify the COV causing the inconsistency between the orthoradiograms. Results Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliabilities of all radiologic measurements were &gt; 0.75. The WBL ratios showed no significant difference between the two orthoradiograms. However, the HKA angle was significantly larger in the inconsistent group than in the consistent group (7.0° ± 1.8° vs. 4.4° ± 2.5°; P &lt; 0.001). The COV of the HKA angle that caused inconsistency in the two orthoradiograms was 4.0° (area under the curve, 0.774). Conclusion The hip‐to‐calcaneus alignment differed significantly from the hip‐to‐talus alignment in patients with genu varum deformity. HCR measurement can be a complementary method for planning corrective osteotomy for patients with genu varum deformity. Level of evidence IV.

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modular supervisory control for mining process elevator systems

Underground mining process elevator systems are modelled using the discrete event system approach. A parametric model of the system for n gallery levels is developed in the form of a finite deterministic automaton. The desired performance of the system is expressed in the form of a set of desired languages where their properties have been investigated. A bank of supervisors satisfying the desired performance requirements is designed using the modular supervisor control approach.

Topic: Petri Nets in System Modeling
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Apricot Almond Oil as Green Inhibitor for Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Media

Natural oil extracted from apricot seeds was evaluated as carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M hydrochloric acid, using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements.The measurements show that apricot seed oil is a good inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in a hydrochloric environment, and this inhibitive action was mainly due to its adsorption onto the carbon steel surface, and active sites blocking.The above results showed that apricot seed oil acted as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, and that its adsorption onto the carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.The inhibition effectiveness increased with the inhibitor concentration, and reached 83.49% at 0.5 g/L, in a 1 M HCl medium.Some thermodynamic parameters of the studied inhibitor were calculated and discussed.

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advances on photoconductive InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice long-wavelength infrared detectors for high operating temperature

The fabrication and characterization of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetectors for high operating temperature (HOT) are assessed regarding possible device yield. We investigate laterally-operated photoconductors with a detector cutoff wavelength in the LWIR at an operating temperature accessible with 3-stage thermoelectric cooling, realized by suitably tailoring the layer composition. Type-II superlattices with a layer composition of 14 monolayers InAs and 7 monolayers GaSb are grown on semi-insulating 3-inch GaAs substrates. We report on the growth of three different buffer layer variants that serve as growth templates for GaSb-based layers on GaAs substrates. The characterization of 75 nominally equal single element detectors per sample evidences the reliability of device processing. The electro-optical evaluation of a randomly chosen subset indicates a high uniformity of responsivity and noise of LWIR InAs/GaSb HOT photoconductors. At 210 K, the devices operate at a cutoff wavelength of 10.5 μm and achieve a mean peak spectral detectivity of 3.3 × 108 Jones.

Topic: Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impunity or Accountability: International Norms and the Trial of Hissène Habré

This paper will explore the context of Hissène Habré conviction in 2017 of crimes against humanity, which is unusual as many other former heads of state committed far more serious crimes but were never charged or called upon to account for their actions. This paper hypothesizes that the primary reason that Habré, unlike these other individuals, was charged and convicted, is the development of an anti-impunity or accountability norm in International Law and International Relations. This paper will seek to test this hypothesis by exploring two ideas. The first is whether or not there can be said to be a developing norm of accountability in international relations and international law. The second idea the paper will test is whether the completion of the trial of Hissène Habré can be attributed to this norm of accountability.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comprehensive review of solar thermal desalination technologies for freshwater production

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;This review is inspired by the increasing shortage of fresh water in areas of the world, and is written in response to the expanding demand for sustainable technologies due to the prevailing crisis of depleting natural water resources. It focuses on comprehending different solar energy-based technologies. Since the increasing population has resulted in the rising demand for freshwater, desalination installation volume is rapidly increasing globally. Conventional ways of desalination technologies involve the use of fossil fuels to extract thermal energy which imparts adverse impacts on the environment. To lessen the carbon footprint left by energy-intensive desalination processes, the emphasis has shifted to using renewable energy sources to drive desalination systems. The growing interest in combining solar energy with desalination with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency has been sparked by the rapid advancements in solar energy technology, particularly solar thermal. This review paper aims to reflect various developments in solar thermal desalination technologies and presents prospects of solar energy-based desalination techniques. This paper reviews direct and indirect desalination techniques coupled with solar energy, and goes on to explain recent trends in technologies. This review also summarizes the emerging trends in the field of solar thermal desalination technologies. The use of nanoparticles and photo-thermal materials for localized heating in solar desalination systems has decreased energy consumption and enhanced the efficiency of the system. Solar power combined with emerging processes like membrane distillation (MD) has also a recent resurgence.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Topic: Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
1898 House Bill 0022. An Act To Prevent The Adulteration Of And Deception In The Sale Of Linseed Or Flaxseed Oil.

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents.

Topic: Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
SiC Merged PiN and Schottky (MPS) Power Diodes Electrothermal Modeling in SPICE

This paper sets out a behavioral macro-model of a Merged PiN and Schottky (MPS) diode based on silicon carbide (SiC). This model holds good for both static and dynamic electrothermal simulations for industrial applications. Its parameters have been worked out from datasheets curves by drawing on the optimization method: Simulated Annealing (SA) for the SiC MPS diodes made available in the industry. The model also adopts the Analog Behavioral Model (ABM) of PSPICE in which it has been implemented. The thermal behavior of the devices was also taken into consideration by making use of Foster' canonical network as figured out from electro-thermal measurement provided by the manufacturer of the device.

Topic: Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Freezing causes changes in the meniscus collagen net: a new ultrastructural meniscus disarray scale

Abstract Alterations in meniscal permeability leading to nutritional deficit have been suggested as a cause of shrinkage in meniscal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how freezing, one of the most common procedures used to preserve meniscal allografts, alters the collagen's architecture. Twenty‐six fresh human external menisci were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Thirteen of them were previously frozen at −80°C while the rest were used as controls. A new scale of the collagen meniscal architecture was proposed according to the collagen's periodicity and degree of disruption, loss of banding, degree of collagen packing, fibril size variability and its intrafibrilar oedema. Each meniscus was scored from 0 to 7. Subsequently they were classified in grades ranging from a normal state (grade I; 0–2 points) to severe disarray (grade III; 5–7 points). The fibril collagen diameters of those menisci which had been previously frozen showed an average size in the longitudinal section of 14.26 nm, whereas it was 17.28 nm in the menisci used as controls ( p = 0.019). In the transverse section, the frozen menisci averaged 13.14 and 16.93 nm in the controls ( p = 0.003). Samples of the 13 previously frozen menisci were classified as grade III in 61.54% of the cases. In the control group, all the menisci were classified either as grade I or II. The frozen menisci averaged 4.85 points, whereas the control group did so at 2.46 ( p &lt; 0.001). The fibril diameters in frozen menisci showed a thinner diameter and had a higher degree of disarray. Therefore, the results suggest that the freezing process alters the menisci's collagen net. This could partially explain the pathological changes found in shrunken menisci after transplantation.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of the Indian Telemedicine Assessment Scale

Background and Aim: Telemedicine has gained prominence as a remote healthcare delivery method. In regions with limited access to medical services, telemedicine bridges the gap by providing remote consultations. In India, the government introduced the e-Sanjeevani platform for delivering telemedicine services in two modalities: cloud-based as well as assisted telemedicine systems. This study introduces the Indian Telemedicine Assessment Scale (I-TASC), a tool designed to assess the usability and effectiveness of the assisted telemedicine platform from the perspective of healthcare provider as the end user. Materials and Methods: The development of I-TASC consisted of four phases: literature review, construct development, item formulation, and reliability assessment. Existing telemedicine questionnaires were reviewed for developing I-TASC. The scale encompasses five constructs: ease of use, learning, interface quality, usefulness, and satisfaction. A 15-item questionnaire was formed and validated with 56 healthcare providers. Cronbach’s alpha assessed reliability. Results: The instrument’s reliability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha score, demonstrated strong internal consistency within each of the five domains (α &gt;0.8), with excellent overall reliability (α &gt;0.9). Conclusion: I-TASC emerges as a reliable tool for assessing assisted telemedicine systems. Leveraging established telehealth measures, it exhibits strong content validity. The I-TASC is a robust tool, promising substantial value for assessing healthcare service delivery using an assisted telemedicine system.

Topic: Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating Students' Perceptions of Health Informatics Education: What Action Needs to Be Taken?

Curriculum evaluation is critical to identify the weaknesses and strengths. Measuring students' satisfaction and analyzing their experiences is an effective tool for curriculum development. Purpose: Evaluate Health Informatics (HI) curriculum from learners' experience in multiple universities in Saudi Arabia. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a survey distributed via Twitter, WhatsApp, and Telegram. Result: a total of (N = 252) participants, Male and Female, with different universities and study levels (Diploma, Bachelor, and Master's) were involved in the study. Among the total number of participants (252), female participants (153) are higher than male participants (99). Furthermore, 79% (200 out of 253) of the students experienced psychological pressure and a lack of understanding of the field. 43.7% (110 out of 252) indicated that the time compatible to finish chapters in the courses. Conclusion: On a national and international scale, health informatics education faces several challenges; required actions to improve the curriculum must be evaluated continuously to achieve the goals and objectives.

Topic: Social Media in Health Education
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Corpus luteum diameter and embryo developmental stage are associated with pregnancy rate: data analysis from 17, 521 embryo transfer s from a commercial in vitro bovine embryo production program

The objective of this study was to assess the association between CL diameter, embryo developmental status and recipient pregnancy rate after in vitro-produced embryo transfer. Data from a total of 17,521 embryo transfers from a commercial program were analyzed. The information was organized in pivot tables and the frequency of variables was determined with contingency tables. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio and the degree of association between the variables. Higher pregnancy rates were achieved when the CL was larger than 24 mm (39.7%) and 22 mm (33.7%) in diameter, whereas lower pregnancy rates were associated with a CL of 14 mm (24.2%). Moreover, pregnancy rate was 30.5% when the recipients had a CL greater than 20 mm in diameter, whereas pregnancy rate was 32.0% with a CL smaller than 20 mm (P ˂ 0.01). Furthermore, an association between high conception rates and CL diameter was found. With regard to embryo developmental status, higher pregnancy rates were associated with expanded blastocyst (37.0%) and blastocyst (28.8%) transfer. Low pregnancy rates were achieved when morulae were transferred (15.4%). The present results suggest that variables such as CL diameter and embryo developmental status are significantly important and must be considered for the success of an in vitro-produced bovine embryo transfer program.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Changes in cell mitosis under the influence of antigenically different strains of respiratory syncytial virus].

A peculiar effect on mitosis of RH cells of the reference Long strain and strain No. 14 of respiratory syncytial virus isolated during a rise of the incidence of acute respiratory diseases in Kharkov was observed. The Long strain affected mostly the qualitative and strain No. 14 the quantitative aspects of cell mitosis. The character of pathological mitoses under the influence of the Long strain indicated more considerable impairment of the mitotic apparatus of the cells than that caused by the strains No. 14. It is suggested that the peculiarities of the effect of the two respiratory syncytial virus strains on cell mitosis are associated with the structural and antigenic differences in the strains circulating in various geographic zones.

Topic: Respiratory viral infections research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TAHLIL SEBUAH SENI RITUAL KEMATIAN PADA KEPERCAYAAN ISLAM JAWA Tinjauan Teks dalam Konteks

Tahlil is an praying activity jointly prayer by a Muslim group of NU Ahlussunnah wal jamaah. The goal is for the ritual of death is usually done at certain times after a personâ€™s death, such as 3, 7, 40, 100, 1000 day and so on. Considering from his form and medium, tahlil is the art of symbols and rituals that have meaning in the context of the text. Key words : tahlil, Islamic ritual art, death ritual.

Topic: Cultural and Religious Practices in Indonesia
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Community Theatre as a Means of Empowerment in Social Work

• Summary: The article explores the potential of combining community theatre and social work as a means of empowerment. It describes a case study of a group of six women guided by a social worker and director, who set up and participated in community theatre in Israel. The development of the group and the play, the actors’ involvement, the group’s relationship with the audience and other groups in the community, and the roles of the social worker and director are described and discussed. • Findings: The findings show that the individual, group and community processes that evolved during the course of the community theatre project contributed considerably to the participants’ empowerment, especially in terms of self-esteem, mastery, critical awareness, expression of inner voice, propensity to act, and collective empowerment. • Application: The discussion focuses on the characteristics of community theatre that contribute to empowerment, as well as on its limitations. It suggests guidelines for the use of community theatre as a tool in social work practice and may inform the development of community theatre in other settings.

Topic: Community Health and Development
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimates of population size and growth from the 1952–54 and 1961 censuses of the Kingdom of Nepal

Abstract The Census of Nepal conducted in 1961 conforms to the generally accepted requirements for a national census. Some doubt could be raised about the previous census as part of the country was enumerated in 1952 and part in 1954. More serious doubts still could be entertained about earlier censuses, including their very existence, though there are persistent rumours that they were carried out every ten years or so since about the middle of the previous century. We have only been able to lay our hands on some data in respect of four earlier censuses: those of 1911, 1920, 1930 and 1941. Little more is available than population totals for some of the component areas from these four censuses, and even then the boundaries and coverage of the component parts are uncertain.

Topic: Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Whole-System Approach to Understanding Agricultural Chemicals in the Environment

The effects of the use of agricultural chemicals and other practices associated with agriculture on the quality of streams and groundwater is well known; however, less is known about how those effects may vary across different geographic regions of the Nation. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are conducting studies on the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in diverse agricultural settings across the country using comparable and consistent methodology and study designs (fig. 1; Capel and others, 2004; Capel and others, 2008). Assessments in five study areas have been completed, and the results highlight how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to affect the movement and transformation of agricultural chemicals in the environment. The studies address major environmental compartments, including surface water, groundwater, the unsaturated zone, the streambed, and the atmosphere, as well as the pathways that interconnect these compartments. The study areas represent major agricultural settings, such as irrigated diverse cropping in the West and corn and soybean row cropping in the Midwest and, therefore, findings are relevant throughout much of the Nation.

Topic: Water Quality and Resources Studies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Patients’ unconscious plans for solving their problems

A gendered person lives in and creates a gendered body. Through the sexual life of the couple, two gendered bodies come together. In this paper, I draw on case material to illustrate how a multitude of sensations associated with what it feels like to be a man or a woman is aroused, affirmed, and created as one dimension of sexual experience. I suggest that these gender sensations may be organized through the three psychological positions – autistic-contiguous, paranoid-schizoid, and depressive. The movement among all three positions gives different shapes to sensory-based gender experience – each position making its own unique contributions to the qualities of what it feels like to be a man or a woman. In one case, I consider the possibility that gender transformation occurred through an unconscious intersubjective erotic third – the body of the couple – created between the patient and her husband.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences