jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Cryogen-Free 30 T-Class Hybrid Magnet

The world's first cryogen-free hybrid magnet, which was developed at the High Field Laboratory for Superconducting Materials in order to realize an easy-operational magnet system with no use of liquid helium and nitrogen, has achieved 22.7 T in a 52 mm room temperature bore. After this success, we started to construct a new cryogen-free 30 T-class hybrid magnet, consisting of an outer wide-bore cryogen-free 11 T superconducting magnet and an inner water-cooled 19 T resistive magnet. Up to now, the NbTi outer section coil and the Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn inner one of a wide-bore cryogen-free superconducting magnet has generated individual central fields of 5.3 T at 350 A and 5.8 T at 303 A, respectively in a 360 mm room temperature bore. The wide-bore cryogen-free superconducting magnet was energized up to 9.5 T as a total background field. In hybrid magnet mode the system was operated up to an 8.5 T background field form the cryogen-free superconducting magnet, because a cooling problem was encountered with the innermost coil bobbin during ramping the Bitter magnet. As a result, the cryogen-free hybrid magnet generated 27.5 T in a 32 mm room temperature bore

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of a microcarrier-based cellular expansion technique for the clinical application of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells.

In order to derive the maximum potential benefit of stem cell therapy, two of the key challenges are the generation of clinically relevant numbers of cells and the reduction in reliance on serum in cell culture media. This report aims to develop a microcarrier based and serum-free cellular expansion technique for the clinical application of human fetal mesenchymal cells (hfMSC). In this study, a harvesting process involving either Trypsin or Collagenase was investigated for hfMSC on Cytodex 3 microcarriers. A subsequent immunophenotype assay, proliferative potential assay and osteogenic differentiation were performed on harvested cells in order to observe for changes in their characteristics. Cell harvesting was found to be the most effective for 30 and 60 minutes of Trypsin and Collagenase treatment respectively, achieving high cell yield and vitalities near 100%. Although microcarrier expanded cells and monolayer cells have comparable immunophenotypes and proliferative potential, the osteogenic potential of the former was lower than the latter. This study also included a comparison between serum-based D-10 medium and serum-free MesenCult-XF medium. MesenCult-XF medium supported cell growth extensively both in monolayers and on microcarriers, reaching a density of 4.08 x 105 cells/ml on day 8 of microcarrier culture. It also contained lower levels of metabolites during monolayer culture even without medium exchanges. However, it may have caused hfMSC on microcarriers to lose their immunophenotype and also a reduction in osteogenic potential of both microcarrier and monolayer expanded cells.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving Maintenance through Development Experiences

An empirical comparison is made between present approaches/tools of software maintenance and development. The conclusion is that development technology is more mature in many aspects, such as automation, formalism, confidence, understanding of original systems and application domain. Aims to improve the weakness of maintenance, a unified re-engineering approach is proposed which is based on a wide spectrum language and a set of formal abstraction and transformation rules. A relevant tool is under construction. Keywords : software maintenance and development, re-engineering, wide spectrum language, formal methods, object oriented, time critical systems. The paper is accepted by the Workshop on Empirical Studies in Software Maintenance (WESS98), Metropolitan, Washington D.C., USA, November 1998. 1 Introduction Software maintenance is attracting more and more attention as it has become evident that old architectures severely constrain new design, which leads to demands for changes t...

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of evidence of prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff

Abstract Aim This systematic review evaluated the quality of evidence for the prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff. Design This review was presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methods We retrieved the relevant studies from 19 databases. Using the literature evaluation standards and evidence grading system of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Health Care Center, we evaluated the quality of the literature encompassing different types of research and assessed their levels of evidence. Results A total of 13 studies were included, including seven expert consensuses, two recommended practices, one clinical decision, one best practice information booklet, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial. In the end, 31 best evidence were summarized, including skin cleaning and care, PPE placement and movement, reasonable use of dressings, treatment measures and education and training.

Topic: Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
The Class Dynamics of Ocean Grabbing: Who Are the ‘Fisher Peoples’?

ABSTRACT Amidst processes of (uneven) dispossession and displacement of coastal populations—often termed ‘ocean grabbing’—scholar‐activists, NGOs and the leadership of different social movements invoke, so‐called, ‘fisher people’ as the political subjects of resistance. These ‘fisher people’ are often cast as capital's other as part of a normative and moral critique of ocean grabbing and purportedly the agents of change towards ‘blue justice’. Arguing for the importance of analytically differentiating within and between both classes of capital and classes of labour, this intervention draws on a seemingly clear‐cut case of violent ocean grabbing in Southern Myanmar to question prevalent assumptions around undifferentiated ‘fisher peoples’. The intervention argues that the literatures on ocean grabbing and blue (in)justice could usefully draw from the conceptual tools of Marxist agrarian political economy to better analyse concrete social relations of production and reproduction.

Topic: Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Increased Somatic Mutations with Large Panel Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Deficient MMR (dMMR) Tumors: An Illustrative Case Report

Large panel Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of tumors or circulating cellfree (cf) DNA is commonly used when cancer progression occurs after standard therapies. Such NGS is done in order to evaluate the tumor for the presence of somatic genomic alterations in one or more of hundreds of genes with the hope of identifying a targetable or actionable molecular abnormality. For colorectal cancer, routinely testing for tumor deficiency of expression of one of several mismatch repair genes (dMMR) is recommended for nearly all cases and commonly done using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Recently the FDA granted accelerated approval for checkpoint inhibitor use in any solid tumors demonstrating dMMR and routine testing for MMR expression in non-colorectal cancers is therefore anticipated. Also, dMMR tumors typically show more potentially actionable somatic driver mutations than are seen for proficient MMR tumors (pMMR), when NGS of the tumor tissue or circulating cf DNA is preformed. Here, a Lynch syndrome patient is reported whose colon cancer demonstrated 70 somatic alterations. After a prolonged response to PD1 inhibitor therapy, a liquid biopsy again showed many mutations in the tumor circulating cf DNA. The very high BRCA2 Mutation Allelic Frequency (MAF) reported suggested a potential benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy in this patient. This case illustrates that because patients with dMMR tumors characteristically demonstrate many mutations currently identified by NGS, patients with dMMR (or MSI-H) tumors might particularly benefit from NGS of their tumors in order to identify molecular actionable abnormalities that might respond to a highly targeted therapy. As patients with dMMR tumors live longer through checkpoint inhibitor therapy use it might also be anticipated that real-time NGS of their tumors could identify actionable molecular abnormalities acquired during the time they receive the checkpoint inhibitor.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationship between junction radius and reverse leakage of silicide Schottky-barrier diodes

Unguarded Schottky-barrier diodes exhibit excessive leakage current in the reverse-current direction. A portion of this excess current has always been attributed to sharp-edge effects. In this paper, the sharp-edge-related excess reverse current is attributed to the additional barrier lowering that is due to the electric-field enhancement present near the diode edges. Mathematical relationships describing the effect of the edge radius on the I-V characteristics of unguarded diodes are developed. These relationships are then used to model an unguarded Schottky-barrier diode. The correlation between the junction radius and the diode characteristics was found to be strong in the reverse-current direction. In the foward direction, the diode characteristics were not greatly affected, and thus the large diode-quality factors of unguarded diodes cannot be attributed to the sharp-edge effect. A comparison is made between the experimental characteristics of Pd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Si/ nSi and VSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /nSi diodes and those obtained from modeling.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abstract 158: CD40L Regulates Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology by Inducing Adhesion-Mediated Quiescence

The self-renewal and differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is an important regulator of the way the mature immune system behaves and how it reacts upon challenges. The co-stimulatory protein CD40L is well-known for its role in immune activation and chronic inflammatory diseases, especially in atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that CD40L not only regulates mature immune cell activation, but also plays a role in the development of these cells by regulating HSPC biology. Here we show that CD40L deficiency increased the colony-forming potential of HSPCs by 62,1%. FACS analysis revealed that the bone marrow of CD40L -/- mice contained 34,4% more myeloid-biased (Lin-cKit+) progenitors, 147,2% more myeloid/lymphoid-biased (Lin-Sca-1+) progenitors and 46,6% more primitive (Lin-Sca-1+-cKit+) HSPCs. Competitive bone marrow transplantation demonstrated that the abscence of CD40L resulted in a 13.4% increased reconstitution of peripheral blood leukocytes. Lineage analysis showed an advantage towards the lymphoid lineage, as B cells were increased by 14.6%, T cells by 41.3%, and NKT cells by 50.9%. The adhesion of HSPCs on CD40L -/- bone marrow stroma was reduced by 58%. Cell cycle analysis revealed that CD40L -/- HSPCs were less quiescent compared to WT cells. CD40L -/- mice had delayed hematopoietic recovery and a 37.5% reduced survival rate after 5-FU treatment. CD40L -/- mice did not survive a bone marrow transplantation. All effects were independent from CD40, the classical receptor of CD40L. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD40L regulates adhesion-mediated quiescence of HSPCs. These results provide a novel CD40L-mediated mechanism of protecting the HSPC compartment against exhaustion during immune activation and chronic inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis, thereby securing long term hematopoiesis.

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Pattern-matching track reconstruction for the BES III main Drift Chamber

The tracking algorithm, MdcPatRec, is developed for the Drift Chamber of the BES III detector using C++ language and object-oriented techniques. This algorithm uses a pattern matching method to find track segments and then combine them into track candidates followed by a least square fit. With the simulation data, the tracking performances such as efficiencies and momentum resolution have been studied and results are consistent with parameters from detector design. The algorithm is also proved to be robust enough to process data with severe background expected by the BES III experiment.

Topic: Particle Detector Development and Performance
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
GLOBAL STABILITP OF PARAMETER-AMPTIVE CONTROL SYS-

This paper mes tw relatively uncomplicated algoritm for adaptively controlling a Single-inPuf, sbgle-output process admitting a continuous-time linear model with unLno~ parameters. It is shown that each algorithm is capable of causing a closed-loop process output to approach and track a suitably defined reference signal while at the same time providing global system stability.

Topic: Advanced Control Systems Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access to and Reuse of Research Data - The State of the Art in Finland

Yhteiskuntatieteellisen tietoarkiston julkaisuja [Finnish Social Science Data Archive], 7 (2008)\n\nIn 2004, Ministers of science and technology of the OECD countries adopted a Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding. In this declaration, they recognised the importance of access to research data and invited the OECD to develop a set of guidelines based on commonly agreed principles to facilitate optimal cost-eff ective access to digital research data from public funding. Th is request was taken up by OECD’s Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy, which launched a project by asking a group of experts to develop a set of principles and guidelines. Next, the developed principles and guidelines were submitted to an extensive consultation process, aft er which they were approved by the OECD’s Committee for Scientifi c and Technological Policy in October 2006, attached to an OECD Recommendation, and endorsed by the OECD Council in December 2006.\n\nIn 2006, the Ministry of Education in Finland allocated resources to the Finnish Social Science Data Archive (FSD) to chart national and international practices related to open access to research data. Consequently, the FSD carried out an online survey targeting professors of human sciences, social sciences and behavioural sciences in Finnish universities. Some respondents were senior staff at research institutes. Th e respondents were asked about the state and use of data collected in their department/institute. Almost half of the respondents considered the preservation and use of digital research data to be relevant to their department. Th e number of respondents (150) is large enough to warrant statistical analysis even though response rate was low at 28%.\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Key Design of Rotational Micro-epikeratome and its Test

Objective: Epikeratome is the key facility in Epi-LASIK surgery in treating myopia.The purpose of the study is to design a rotational epikeratome and increase the safty of the surgery.Methods: The epikeratome made in foreign countries are all linear and deployed applanatus tool bit.The equipment can only make the nasal stem positioned epithelium flap.We designed a rotational micro-epikeratome which could make superior stem positioned epithelium flap.The equipment was the first to use floating tool bit.After 3000 tests on animal eyes,the epikeratome was used in 355 Epi-LASIK patients.The success rate of flap making and flap stability after surgery was observed.Results: The experimental results proved that the superior stem epithelium flap made by the rotational epikeratome was more stable and the displacement rarely happened.The floating tool bit could obviously increase flap making speed and success rate.The success rate in clinical use reached 98.6%.No severe complications were observed after surgery during 3 months following up.Meanwhile the epikeratome could avoid injuring the corneal stroma which may result in the corneal scar.Conclusions: The rotational micro-epikeratome with a floating tool bit may effectively enhance the safety of Epi-LASIK surgery.

Topic: Corneal surgery and disorders
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Depressive Disorders and Incidence of COVID-19: Is There a Correlation and Management Interference?

Corona virus Disease-2019 is a new strain of Coronaviruses (COVID-19) causing an infection which has rapidly spread all over the Globe, where the primary pathways of infection spreading reported to be through large respiratory droplets and the disease severity has varied from mild self-limiting flu like illness to acute pneumonia, respiratory collapse and death. On the other hand, depression is a disease that could be progress to a life-threatening condition that affects globally hundreds of millions of people. The aim of this review is desired to investigate and find a correlation between depressive disorders and the incidence of COVID19, where, pathogeneses of depressive disorder and its effect on the immunity system was addressed, besides the impact of depression on individual food intake and its complications regarding weight gain, insulin resistance, and immune system disruption was also discussed which by turn might increase the risk for infection with COVID-19. Finally, the possible drug-drug interactions between drugs included in management protocols of both depressive disorder including antidepressants and anxiolytics and COVID19 with possible proposed alternatives.

Topic: Tryptophan and brain disorders
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Policy recommendations for the Rana trade towards the Republic of Korea

- Ban the trade of non-native species for consumption as food or derived products and for personal use (i.e., as pets). - Ban the trade of native species when they do not originate from within the nation (i.e., same genetically defined conservation unit). - Tracking of potential established alien Rana populations. - Eradication of potentially established alien Rana populations.

Topic: Ecology and Conservation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Using statistical control charts to monitor duration-based performance of project

Monitoring of project performance is a crucial task of project managers that significantly affect the project success or failure. Earned Value Management (EVM) is a well-known tool to evaluate project performance and effective technique for identifying delays and proposing appropriate corrective actions. The original EVM analysis is a monetary-based method and it can be misleading in the evaluation of the project schedule performance and estimation of the project duration. Earned Duration Management (EDM) is a more recent method which introduces metrics for the project schedule performance evaluation and improves EVM analysis. In this paper, we apply statistical control charts on EDM indices to better investigate the variations of project schedule performance. Control charts are decision support tools to detect the out of control performance. Usually project performance measurements are auto-correlated and not following the normal distribution. Hence, in this paper, a two-step adjustment framework is proposed to make the control charts applicable to non-normal and auto-correlated measurements. The case study project illustrates how the new method can be implemented in practice. The numerical results conclude that that employing control chart method along with analyzing the actual values of EDM indices increase the capability of project management teams to detect cost and schedule problems on time

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Superlubricity enabled dry transfer of non-encapsulated graphene

Transferring high-quality exfoliated graphene flakes onto different substrates while keeping the graphene free of polymer residues is of great importance, but at the same time very challenging. Currently, the only feasible way is the so-called all-dry pick-and-lift method, in which a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flake is employed to serve as a stamp to pick up graphene from one substrate and to lift it down onto another substrate. The transferred graphene samples, however, are always covered or encapsulated by hBN flakes, which leads to difficulties in further characterizations. Here, we report an improved pick-and-lift method, which allows ultra-clean graphene flakes to be transferred onto a variety of substrates without hBN coverage. Basically, by exploiting the superlubricity at the graphene/hBN stack interface, we are able to remove the top-layer hBN stamp by applying a tangential force and expose the underneath graphene.

Topic: Graphene research and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences