jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Remarkable Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Chirality:  A\nMolecular Modulator of Circularly Polarized Luminescence

The photochemical control of ground- and excited-state chirality of (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;)-&lt;i&gt;cis-&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) and (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;)-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-(&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;)-2-nitro-7-(dimethylamino)-9-(2‘,3‘-dihydro-1‘&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-naphtho[2,1-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;]-thiopyran-1‘-ylidene)-9&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-thioxanthene is\ndescribed. It is shown that while ground state chirality can be controlled photochemically by irradiation with\nlight of different wavelengths, the excited state chirality can be tuned either photochemically in a similar\nway or by appropriate choice of solvent. In benzene solution, circularly polarized luminescence of the two\nisomers with opposite ground-state helicity, (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;)-&lt;i&gt;cis-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; and (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;)-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;, revealed corresponding excited states\nof opposite helicity. On the contrary, in &lt;i&gt;n-&lt;/i&gt;hexane solution, circularly polarized luminescence was identical\nfor the two forms indicating identical excited state chirality. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), steady-state and time-dependent fluorescence, and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements\nin both &lt;i&gt;n-&lt;/i&gt;hexane and benzene are reported, which provide an explanation for the remarkable solvent\ndependence of excited-state chirality.

Topic: Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time of Hydrangea sect. Macrophyllae (Hydrangeaceae) revealed by genome-wide SNPs

Abstract Hydrangea sect. Macrophyllae comprises deciduous shrubs including two species with seven infraspecific taxa distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago and adjacent areas. In this study, we revealed a phylogeny of Hydrangea sect. Macrophyllae by using a larger dataset of genome-wide SNPs than those employed in a previous study and by adding more comprehensive taxa/populations, which cover the entire distribution of the section. We then revised the taxonomic treatment of sect. Macrophyllae based on the higher-resolution phylogenetic trees obtained in this study. The phylogenetic trees estimated in this study showed five major clades, suggesting that H. serrata var. minamitanii and var. yesoensis should be treated as independent species from other H. serrata , that H. serrata var. australis and var. yakushimensis could be subclassified under the major clades and that var. angustata could be a synonym of var. serrata . The divergence time of these major clades was estimated to be in the Pleistocene.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aberrant expression of the gastric mucin MUC6 in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma xenografts

Certain pulmonary adenocarcinomas show gastrointestinal differentiation with the expression of various mucins. The CDX homeobox gene, an intestine-specific transcription factor, is related to gastric carcinogenesis with MUC2 and MUC6 expression. The intestinal mucin MUC2 is expressed in the normal lung, while the gastric mucin MUC6 is not. Previously, we have reported that the expressions of MUC2 and MUC6 were related to a poor prognosis in small adenocarcinomas of the lung. We estimated the expressions of the mucin (MUC2 and MUC6) and CDX (CDX1 and CDX2) to examine how CDX relates to the gastrointestinal mucin production in the pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Thirty-nine human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts were examined (13 adenocarcinoma, 18 squamous cell carcinoma and 8 large cell carcinoma). Significant expression of the MUC6 gene was observed in 7 out of 39 (17.9%) NSCLC xenografts. The expressions of the MUC6 genes were noted in 6 out of 13 (46.2%) adenocarcinoma xenografts, but only in 1 of 18 (0.06%) squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. The adenocarcinoma xenografts significantly showed higher expression of the MUC6 gene than squamous cell carcinoma xenografts (t-test, p=0.0343). Four adenocarcinoma-xenografts co-expressed both the MUC2 and MUC6 genes, and the residual 2 adenocarcinoma-xenografts expressed only the MUC6 gene. One MUC6 overexpressing squamous cell carcinoma focally contained an adenocarcinoma component. The expression patterns of the gastrointestinal mucins were analogous to gastric cancer. The cellular morphology of these carcinoma xenografts was of the gastric cancer type. The proteins of the MUC2 and MUC6 were immunohistochemically confirmed in the xenografts. The expression of the MUC6 gene was significantly correlated with the expressions of the CDX1 and CDX2 genes in the xenografts (Fisher's test, p<0.0001 and p=0.0005, respectively), while there was no significant association between the expression of the MUC2 and CDX genes. These results suggest that the expression of CDX molecules in the pulmonary carcinogenesis pathway relates to gastric cancerous features of aberrant MUC6 expression.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Romanian Economic Journal 3 The EU and European Models &amp;apos; Competitiveness at Stake

This paper aims to shed light on the following issues: country-specific/country cluster-specific approaches to competitiveness; alternative routes to competitiveness, relying either on national strategies or business endeavour or both; instrument types – institutions and policies – as well as orientation to improve national competitiveness; performance differences among EU country clusters/models. One essential issue is the competitiveness concept and the factors underpinning it in a competitiveness-driven economy, assessing the sustainability of M. Porter’s national competitiveness advantage theory and trying to make sense of the competitive vs. comparative advantage controversy. The debate further leads to national economic models in the EU regarding the degree of state intervention in the economy and the way it impacts upon global competitiveness as defined by the World Economic Forum. Equally valuable is striking a balance between state involvement and aloofness as competitiveness boosters. This also implies revisiting the impact of EU-level regulations upon national competitiveness, ascertaining whether centralization of policies and competencies within the EU can increase competitiveness or inhibit it. Concerning the Lisbon Agenda, it is useful to consider whether to bet on pure knowledge or rather on capital accumulation as a sustainable growth recipe, discriminating between what really spurs competitiveness on and mere fallacies about development. Key words: competitiveness, social models, common policies, capital accumulation, knowledge

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The apocalypse of Western technology: Transforming American ingenuity into a resource of the Soviet state

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the threat facing the United States and other Westsern societies from the intelligence services of the Soviet Union and their surrogates among the Eastern European services. We will discuss some of their methodology for acquiring the high technology often lacking in the Soviet Union. We will also outline a basic Operations Security (OPSEC) program, that provides measures for increasing employee awareness of the threat and the consequences which can result from the loss or compromise of classified or sensitive information to those services.

Topic: Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Raw data for "Condensates in RNA repeat sequences are heterogeneously organized and exhibit reptation dynamics"

This is the raw data for the paper "Condensates in RNA repeat sequences are heterogeneously organized and exhibit reptation dynamics". There are 5 directories. Three correspond to the CAG repeats with different length (20, 31 and 47). The "scramble47" directory stores data for the scrambled sequence. "Electrostatics" has data for the electrostatics run (see details in Extended Data Fig. 9). Each directory of CAG contains multiple sub-directories corresponding to different concentrations.

Topic: RNA Research and Splicing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transcripción del Catálogo Monumental y Artístico de la Provincia de Burgos por Narciso Sentenach (1925)

Text in computer readable format of the 7 books of the volume dedicated to the province of Burgos of the Monumental Catalogue of Spain written by Narciso Sentenach (1927).Using Transkribus, specific Handwriting Text Recognition models have been trained to recognize this author's spelling and are available on the online platform (Sentenach_v3). After automatic transcription, the text was manually revised.The transcriptions were carried out by Raquel Liceras-Garrido, Alba Comino and Patricia Murrieta-Flores under the project “Goodbye reading glasses: a Machine Learning experiment on handwriting documents”, funded by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and the Digital Humanities Hub of Lancaster University (UK).

Topic: Archaeological and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Long non‑coding RNA TMPO‑AS1 promotes tumor progression via sponging miR‑140‑5p in breast cancer

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor suppression, and are novel biological tumor regulators. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs and their underlying dysregulation mechanisms in breast cancer are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of lncRNA TMPO antisense RNA 1 (TMPO-AS1) in breast cancer. TMPO-AS1 levels were measured in human cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines, and the functional roles of TMPO-AS1 in breast cancer cells were investigated by performing <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were conducted to detect the association between microRNA (miR)-140-5p and TMPO-AS1. TMPO-AS1 expression levels were significantly increased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues and MCF-10A cells, respectively. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies indicated that TMPO-AS1 knockdown significantly suppressed breast cancer cell viability at 48 and 72 h compared with the small interfering (si)RNA negative control group (NC; siNC). TMPO-AS1 knockdown <i>in vitro</i> inhibited MCF-7 and T47D cell migration and invasion compared with the siNC group. TMPO-AS1 knockdown in metastatic breast cancer cells also decreased metastatic colonization in the mouse lung compared with the short hairpin RNA NC group. Mechanistically, TMPO-AS1 promoted cellular viability and migration as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-140-5p. The results suggested that TMPO-AS1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with breast cancer.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Social and economic characteristics of peasant farms and agriculture in Žumberak

Clanak prikazuje djelomicne rezultate (spomenute u naslovu) složenijeg ruralno socioloskog istraživanja o suvremenim socijalnim i ekonomskim okolnostima žumberacke regije. Rezultati pokazuju da je vecina seljackih gospodarstva mala, vecina radne snage na privatnim gospodarstvima su nefarmeri, vrlo stari i s niskom razinom obrazovanja. Također, farme su slabo opskrbljene s modernim sredstvima za proizvodnju. Autori zakljucuju kako ce bez promisljene državne intervencije cijela regija doživjeti potpuni ekonomski i demografski slom.

Topic: Regional Development and Management Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The Structure of Metastable Phases in AlZn Alloys (II). HREM Investigations on α‐Precipitates

Abstract Precipitates of the metastable ‐phase grown in an Al‐(6.8 at.%)Zn alloy are investigated by means of a technique of high resolution electron microscopy, namely by two‐beam lattice fringe imaging with tilted illumination. It is demonstrated by this direct method that the ‐precipitates are in fact semicoherent. The transition of fully coherent Guinier‐Preston zones into semicoherent precipitates of the ‐phase takes place by formation of additional (III) rh and { III } rh planes inside the zones.

Topic: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kinematic Structure of Helicity Amplitudes for Massless Particles

A study is made of the kinematic structure of helicity amplitudes describing scattering with massless particles of arbitrary helicities, using certain basic analyticity assumptions on the $M$ functions. The behaviors of the amplitudes at the thresholds and pseudothresholds are given explicitly, and, in the case of photons and gravitons, these give the suppression factors inherent in the various low-energy theorems. Parity conservation is not used, and the results are applicable to weak amplitudes.

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deactivation Model Study of High Temperature H2S Wet-Desulfurization by Using ZnO

High-temperature desulfurization techniques are fundamental for the development of reliable and efficient conversion systems of low-cost fuels and biomass that answer to the nowadays environmental and energy security issues. This is particularly true for biomass gasification coupled to SOFC systems where the sulfur content has to be minimized before being fed to the SOFC. Thus, commercially available zinc oxide has been studied and characterized as a desulfurizing agent in a fixed-bed reactor at high temperatures from 400 °C to 600 °C. The sorbent material was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS analyses before and after adsorption. The sorbent’s sorption capacity has been evaluated at different temperatures, as well as the breakthrough curves. Moreover, the kinetic parameters as the initial sorption rate constant k0, the deactivation rate constant kd, and the activation energy have been calculated using the linearized deactivation model. The best performances have been obtained at 550 °C, obtaining a sorption capacity of 5.4 g per 100 g of sorbent and a breakthrough time of 2.7 h. These results can be used to extend ZnO desulfurization techniques to a higher temperature than the ones used today (i.e., 550 °C with respect to 400 °C).

Topic: Industrial Gas Emission Control
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Economic thought and group interests:<i>Adam Smith, Christopher Polhem, Lars Salvius and classical political economy</i>

(1977). Economic thought and group interests: Adam Smith, Christopher Polhem, Lars Salvius and classical political economy. Scandinavian Journal of History: Vol. 2, No. 1-4, pp. 243-264.

Topic: Economic Theory and Institutions
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of corn steep liquor supplementation on performance and herbivory patterns of beef&#13;\ncows grazing native range infested with sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata)

Increased grazing pressure on sericea lespedeza by beef cattle, the most economically&#13;\nrelevant herbivore in the region, may slow its spread and facilitate some measure of&#13;\nbiological control. Unfortunately, mature plants contain high levels of condensed&#13;\ntannins that decrease protein digestion by beef cattle, and these compounds are potent&#13;\ndeterrents to grazing. Supplementing corn steep liquor has been shown to alleviate the&#13;\nnegative effects associated with ingestion of condensed tannins when beef cattle are fed&#13;\nprairie hay contaminated with sericea lespedeza. In addition, beef cows supplemented&#13;\nwith corn steep liquor did not discriminate between sericea lespedeza–contaminated&#13;\nand sericea lespedeza–free prairie hay in a preference trial. Therefore, the objective of&#13;\nour study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental corn steep liquor on herbivory&#13;\npatterns and performance of beef cows grazing native tallgrass rangeland infested with&#13;\nsericea lespedeza.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Circulating U2 Small Nuclear RNA Fragments as a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abstract BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among malignancies in women. Despite advances in treatment, &amp;gt;50% of patients relapse. For disease monitoring, the identification of a blood-based biomarker would be of prime interest. In this regard, noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA), have been suggested as biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we sought to identify differentially expressed miRNA/snRNA in sera of ovarian cancer patients and investigate their potential to aid in therapy monitoring. METHODS miRNA/snRNA abundance was investigated in serum (n = 10) by microarray analysis and validated in an extended serum set (n = 119) by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. RESULTS Abundance of U2-1 snRNA fragment (RNU2-1f) was significantly increased in sera of ovarian cancer patients (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and paralleled International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage as well as residual tumor burden after surgery (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, for patients with suboptimal debulking, preoperative RNU2-1f concentration was associated with radiographic response after chemotherapy and with platinum resistance (P = 0.0088 and P = 0.0015, respectively). Interestingly, according to the RNU2-1f abundance dynamics, persistent RNU2-1f positivity before surgery and after chemotherapy identified a subgroup of patients with high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to suggest that a circulating snRNA can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for monitoring tumor dynamics in ovarian cancer. Our results provide a rationale to further investigate whether this high-risk patient group may benefit from additional therapies that are directly applied after chemotherapy.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysing urban resilience: a reality check for a fledgling canon

More than half the world lives in towns and cities that are disproportionately located along locations exposed to climate change such as coasts and rivers. There is a burgeoning body of literature that argues urban resilience is contingent upon decentralised decision-making, structured learning, engaging concurrently with multiple shocks and stresses, getting urban planning right and understanding the political underpinnings of risk and vulnerability. Yet, interviews with policy makers in 13 Asian cities reveal the need for researchers to engage with the relationship between decentralisation and resilience more critically, explore the value of informal learning processes, avoid conflating shocks and stresses, acknowledge the limits of urban planning as an entry point for resilience and lay greater emphasis on the interaction of politics and resilience. As such, this article provides a 'reality check' for research on the topic and suggests directions for the future development of an emerging field of research.

Topic: Disaster Management and Resilience
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 897008: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adaptive Motion Planning for Autonomous Rough Terrain Traversal with a Walking Robot

Achieving full autonomy in a mobile robot requires combining robust environment perception with onboard sensors, efficient environment mapping, and real‐time motion planning. All these tasks become more challenging when we consider a natural, outdoor environment and a robot that has many degrees of freedom (DOF). In this paper, we address the issues of motion planning in a legged robot walking over a rough terrain, using only its onboard sensors to gather the necessary environment model. The proposed solution takes the limited perceptual capabilities of the robot into account. A multisensor system is considered for environment perception. The key idea of the motion planner is to use the dual representation concept of the map: (i) a higher‐level planner applies the A* algorithm for coarse path planning on a low‐resolution elevation grid, and (ii) a lower‐level planner applies the guided‐RRT (rapidly exploring random tree) algorithm to find a sequence of feasible motions on a more precise but smaller map. This paper contributes a new method that can identify the terrain traversability cost to the benefit of the A* algorithm. A probabilistic regression technique is applied for the traversability assessment with the typical RRT‐based motion planner used to explore the space of traversability values. The efficiency of our motion planning approach is demonstrated in simulations that provide ground truth data unavailable in field tests. However, the simulation‐verified approach is then thoroughly tested under real‐world conditions in experiments with two six‐legged walking robots having different perception systems.

Topic: Robotic Locomotion and Control
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
How have women’s participation and fields of study choice in higher education evolved over time?

Women’s participation in higher education has overtaken men’s. However, women have been historically under-represented in some fields and continue to be so: they predominate in education,and health and welfare as their main fields of study, while men predominate in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Whatever field of study they choose, however, women’s earnings still lag behind men’s in all fields and in all OECD and partner countries.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Discussion on TCM pathogenesis mechanism of perimenopausal coronary heart disease based on the estrogen

The estrogen secretion declines with women entering into perimenopausal stage, as growth of age, the incidence of coronary heart disease is increasing. According to the specific physiological characteristics of perimenopausal women, it seems that the morbidity of perimenopausal coronary heart disease roots in the spleen and kidney, bases on the phlegm and blood stasis, changes on poison, developes from the liver, and it puts forward to the method about Yishen Jianpi, Huatan Quyu, Ziyin Jiedu and Tiaogan Tongluo to treat perimenopausal coronary heart disease.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences