jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sublingual Antigens

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following is an answer to questions regarding sublingual antigen therapy that have recently appeared in two publications. The first question was inThe Journal(<b>215</b>:2120, 1971), and the second in<i>Letters of the International Correspondence Society of Allergists</i>(<b>34</b>:51, 1971). French Hansel, so far as I know, was the first (1945) to employ and teach the use of sublingual antigen. In 1963, I learned this technique from Guy O. Pffeiffer, a student of Hansel. My contribution was the application of the 1:5 serial dilution titration technique and the concept of optimal dosage in formulating sublingual antigen therapy. From October 1963 to May 1971 in our office, 1,356 patients have been treated with over 15,000 individual sublingual antigen prescriptions. During 1962 and most of 1963, injection treatment was used. I was disturbed by the number of patients who discontinued or interrupted their injection therapy. I

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mice With Stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) Gene Inactivation

Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is available in the Permissions and Rights Question and Answer document. Reprints: Information about reprints can be found online at:

Topic: Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterizing the Hypermutated Subtype of Advanced Prostate Cancer as a Predictive Biomarker for Precision Medicine

Abstract : The goal of this research is to characterize the mechanisms leading to hyper mutated prostate cancer and to integrate tumor hypermutation status with clinical decision making and therapy to improve the care of men with advanced prostate cancer. We identified 10/103 patients (10 of men) with hyper mutated advanced prostate cancers. Using a targeted deep sequencing assay that includes intronic and flanking regions we discovered DNA mismatch repair (MMR)gene mutations in all hyper mutated tumors. Mutations were commonly complex genomic rearrangements in the MSH2 and MSH6 mismatch repair genes. There was loss of the corresponding MMR protein expression in tumor tissue and phenotypic microsatellite instability in every hyper mutated tumor. Our results support that microsatellite instability resulting from loss of function mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes is the major mechanism leading to hypermutation in prostate cancer. We have developed the mSINGS method to detect phenotype microsatellite instability from next-generation sequencing data. This method accurately classified all hyper mutated prostate cancers. We have successfully applied mSINGS to targeted capture assays (and to exomedata. We have developed a clinical assay termed MSI plus based on the mSINGS method. We have begun work on PDX models to test responsiveness to specific therapies and have begun to recruit men with prostate cancer in a pilot study to test for MSI and hypermutation. We and others have observed that prostate cancer patients with hyper mutated MSI tumors may be responsive to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. During the next year we plan to focus work on aim 4, which will involve testing MMR gene mutations using UW-OncoPlex and MSI status using the MSI plus test to identify men with prostate cancer for checkpoint blockage immunotherapy trials.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 187814: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transcultural dilemma in Tahmima Anam's The Good Muslim

Tahmima Anam’s The Good Muslim captures the struggles of Haque family in a new country, Bangladesh, created through the 1971 war. The separate paths of the Haque siblings reflect not only their internal conflicts but also their strategic pathways to Bangladesh’s problems, in particular the national crisis of sexual violence against women. Redressing past injustices by challenging the nation’s military dictatorship, Jahanara Imam’s activism seeks justice for the raped women. Through their opposite transcultural visions, the siblings Maya and Sohail grapple with the vagaries of belonging to their newborn country that struggles to balance its secular legacy and traditional Islamic heritage.

Topic: Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A simple HPLC-method for the quality assurance of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice

In 2003 pasteurized Noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice was approved as novel food by the EU commission. In the meantime the juice became very popular as a remedy against a broad variety of physical disorders. In order to investigate the quality of Noni juice products on the market, we developed an easy HPLC method based on an extraction of 1ml juice samples with ethyl acetate. Two pharmacologically active marker compounds, scopoletin and 2(E)-4(Z)-7(Z)-decatrienoic acid (CPX), were used for the characterization of the juices. It was shown that both compounds are present in fresh Noni fruits independent of the ripeness. The location of harvest was also of minor effect on the concentration, however an increase of the scopoletin content was observed after fermentation of the Noni juice. Considerable differences in the concentration of the marker compounds were observed after investigation of a variety of about 17 commercial Noni juices. The content of original Noni juice in these brands varied between almost 100% to less than 1%, even if these juices were labelled as „prepared from 100% pure Noni juice“. Our investigations demonstrate the importance of a quality control for Noni juices and provide an easy and quick analytical method for this purpose.

Topic: Morinda citrifolia extract uses
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring based on tracking of principal states of polarization

Feature Issue on Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM). We propose and demonstrate a simple method for monitoring optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of each channel in wavelength-division multiplexing networks based on tracking of principal states of polarization (PSP) and scrambling at the transmitter part. This technique reduces measurement error caused by the effect of PMD, which limits the performance of a previous polarization extinction method. PSP tracking uses bandpass-filtered power at clock frequency for a non-return-to-zero signal as a feedback signal to separate the two PSPs by aligning them to the axes of a polarization beam splitter (PBS). The scrambling makes it possible to extinguish the polarization of an optical signal from one output of the PBS and to provide maximum and minimum optical powers, thus enabling us to obtain OSNR regardless of the effect of PMD. In a transmission experiment over a 400-km single-mode fiber-dispersion-compensating fiber (SMF+DCF) link, the results showed that the difference between the OSNRs measured by use of the proposed method and by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was less than 1.0 dB.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemoprevention in patients with genetic risk of colorectal cancers

A number of genetic syndromes are known to convey a high risk of colorectal cancer. Current standards of medical practice for these patients involve genetic testing followed by screening and surgical procedures. Pharmaceutical therapies for any of these syndromes are limited in number and are generally not approved by any regulatory body for applications in these genetic groups. This review discusses advances in mechanistic understanding of the disease processes leading to the development of promising pharmaceutical therapies. Clinical trials of potential chemotherapeutic agents must focus on the reduction of disease-related events, including cancer and cancer-related mortality, in patients with genetic syndromes.

Topic: Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Human emotion recognition from EEG-based brain–computer interface using machine learning: a comprehensive review

Abstract Affective computing, a subcategory of artificial intelligence, detects, processes, interprets, and mimics human emotions. Thanks to the continued advancement of portable non-invasive human sensor technologies, like brain–computer interfaces (BCI), emotion recognition has piqued the interest of academics from a variety of domains. Facial expressions, speech, behavior (gesture/posture), and physiological signals can all be used to identify human emotions. However, the first three may be ineffectual because people may hide their true emotions consciously or unconsciously (so-called social masking). Physiological signals can provide more accurate and objective emotion recognition. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals respond in real time and are more sensitive to changes in affective states than peripheral neurophysiological signals. Thus, EEG signals can reveal important features of emotional states. Recently, several EEG-based BCI emotion recognition techniques have been developed. In addition, rapid advances in machine and deep learning have enabled machines or computers to understand, recognize, and analyze emotions. This study reviews emotion recognition methods that rely on multi-channel EEG signal-based BCIs and provides an overview of what has been accomplished in this area. It also provides an overview of the datasets and methods used to elicit emotional states. According to the usual emotional recognition pathway, we review various EEG feature extraction, feature selection/reduction, machine learning methods (e.g., k-nearest neighbor), support vector machine, decision tree, artificial neural network, random forest, and naive Bayes) and deep learning methods (e.g., convolutional and recurrent neural networks with long short term memory). In addition, EEG rhythms that are strongly linked to emotions as well as the relationship between distinct brain areas and emotions are discussed. We also discuss several human emotion recognition studies, published between 2015 and 2021, that use EEG data and compare different machine and deep learning algorithms. Finally, this review suggests several challenges and future research directions in the recognition and classification of human emotional states using EEG.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Bortezomib Alone and in Combination With Salinosporamid A Induces Apoptosis and Promotes Pheochromocytoma Cell Death In Vitro and in Female Nude Mice

Proteasome inhibitors have been frequently used in treating hematologic and solid tumors. They are administered individually or in combination with other regimens, to prevent severe side effects and resistance development. Because they have been shown to be efficient and are pharmaceutically available, we tested the first Food and Drug Administration-approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib alone and in combination with another proteasome inhibitor, salinosporamid A, in pheochromocytoma cells. Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors for which no definite cure is yet available. Therefore, drugs with a wide spectrum of mechanisms of action are being tested to identify suitable candidates for PHEO/PGL treatment. In the current study, we show that bortezomib induces PHEO cell death via the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. The combination of bortezomib with salinosporamid A exhibits additive effect on these cells and inhibits proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis more potently than bortezomib alone. Altogether, we suggest these proteasome inhibitors, especially bortezomib, could be potentially tested in PHEO/PGL patients who might benefit from treatment with either the inhibitors alone or in combination with other treatment options.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multi-Person Pose Estimation Using Bounding Box Constraint and LSTM

This paper presents a new method for single-image pose estimation of multiple people combining the traditional bottom-up and the top-down methods. Specifically, we extract features from the input image by a residual network and use a multistage CNN to learn both the confidence maps of joints and the connection relationships, between joints. During testing, we perform the network feedforwarding in a bottom-up manner, and then use the predicted confidence maps, the connection relationships, and the corresponding bounding boxes to parse the poses of all people in a top-down manner. In contrast to the previous top-down methods, our method is robust to bounding box shift and tightness, works well for largely overlapped people, and achieves faster running speed. In contrast to the bottom-up method, our method avoids mistake propagation across different people, and addresses disconnected joints effectively. To estimate human pose from videos, we impose a weight-sharing scheme to the multi-stage CNN, and rewrite it as a recurrent neural network. Thus, we can reuse the prediction results from the previous frames so as to reduce the total stage number, yielding significantly faster speed in invoking the network on videos. And we adopt LSTM units between frames to capture the temporal correlation among video frames. We found that LSTM handles input-quality degradation in videos well and successfully stabilizes the sequential outputs.

Topic: Human Pose and Action Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distinctions in English Grammar

Distinctions are all-important to grammatical description. Terms and concepts cannot be defined without them. Yet, linguists may disagree on which distinctions to make, where, and on which grounds. A grammarian may have a tendency to either split categories or lump them together, and may prefer to draw either sharp or blurred dividing lines between forms, usage types, or areas of study. This volume sheds new light on several topics in English grammar by introducing, redrawing or questioning boundaries between grammatical classes, between synchrony and diachrony, and between semantics and pragmatics. It is dedicated to Renaat Declerck, emeritus professor of English linguistics who retired from Belgium's University of Leuven in 2009. While Declerck's main contributions lie in his detailed study of the English tense system, he has dissected a vast range of grammatical phenomena in English. The first part of the book discusses distinctions in the grammar of the English verb phrase, dealing with tense, modality, and-ing forms and nominalisations. The second part is devoted to distinctions in the grammar of the sentence and utterance in English, exploring issues related to word order and information structure, reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

Topic: Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 2414837: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding and researching complexity with Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Evaluating transportation infrastructure projects

This article proposes a complexity-informed framework for evaluating transportation infrastructure projects. The article does this through four steps. First, the properties of infrastructure development projects are discussed. This leads to the conclusion that the specific locality or contextualization of a given project is important for explaining the outcome. Hence, there is a need for an ontology and epistemology that addresses the importance of this contextualization. The second step concerns the development of the prerequisites for a methodological framework that follows from this epistemology and ontology. The third step is the assessment of common infrastructure evaluation methods against these prerequisites. This leads to the conclusion that a comparative case-based approach is the most suitable way to study the relationship between context and outcomes in projects. A framework based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is presented in the fourth step. The article concludes with a discussion of the further development of QCA.

Topic: Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of an applicattion to improve traceability and food safety management

Food safety has become an important food quality attribute within the last decade. Facing recent food scandals taken up by the media, consumers are more and more concerned about and interested in the provenance and authenticity of their food. Both food industry and authorities need to be able to trace back and to authenticate food products and raw materials used for food production to comply with legislation and to meet the food safety and food quality requirements as well as the increasing consumer demand. Therefore, food companies are faced with the problem of defining and implementing a series of procedures, controls and measures. Moreover, it is necessary to define an application method which is both rigorous and economically sustainable in order to guarantee the safe production of food and to be able to trace it along the food chain. The application was designed to manage traceability as well as to help in the quality control and production improvement, using an user-friendly interface. This application was developed in Visual Basic over an SQL database and its main features are: to register quality control parameters of raw materials, in-course products and final products; to manage reception, production and expedition orders; to analyse production costs, productivity, raw materials and products’ consumptions; to define and print labels containing lot information and other relevant data; to trace products during the food chain (from raw materials to final client). All these informations are accessible either from pre-defined reports either exported to intranet based on Internet Explorer or other browser. Usually the process to assure traceability, specially in food products (due to the large number of ingredients involved in a single formulation) is very time-consuming, involves lots of paperwork and consequently a large number of resources are expended in this laborious task. This application can minimize efforts involved in traceability and managing food quality and safety systems.

Topic: Food Supply Chain Traceability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
OP18.10: Outcome and management of antenatally diagnosed fetal pleural effusions

thoraco-amniotic was performed in all hydropic fetuses with normal karyotype and without any associated anomaly.Results: Fetal chylothorax was diagnosed in 72 fetuses during this period: 30/72 (41.7%) cases presented associated anomalies with normal karyotype and 18/72 (25.0%) had chromosomal abnormalities.Among these cases, one newborn with trisomy 21, one with 45,XO and another with associated heart defect survived (3/48, 6.3%).Isolated fetal chylothorax was diagnosed in 24 (33.3%)cases, in which 14/24 (58.3%) survived.Bilateral pleural effusion and fetal hydropsis were statistically associated with perinatal death (P < 0.05), being more frequently present in those cases with association of other structural anomalies (83.3% and 93.0%) and with chromosomal abnormalities (83.3% and 89.0%) than in fetuses with isolated fetal chylothorax (54.2% and 54.0%; P < 0.01).Conclusions: Bilateral pleural effusion and fetal hydropsis are associated with worse outcome, being more present in fetuses with other structural or chromosomal anomalies.

Topic: Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SirR, a Novel Iron-Dependent Repressor in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

ABSTRACT In Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus , a number of cell wall- and cytoplasmic membrane-associated lipoproteins are induced in response to iron starvation. To gain insights into the molecular basis of iron-dependent gene regulation in the staphylococci, we sequenced the DNA upstream of the 3-kb S. epidermidis sitABC operon, which Northern blot analysis indicates is transcriptionally regulated by the growth medium iron content. We identified two DNA sequences which are homologous to elements of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae DtxR regulon, which controls, in response to iron stress, for example, production of diphtheria toxin, siderophore, and a heme oxygenase. Upstream of the sitABC operon and divergently transcribed lies a 645-bp open reading frame (ORF), which codes for a polypeptide of approximately 25 kDa with homology to the DtxR family of metal-dependent repressor proteins. This ORF has been designated SirR (staphylococcal iron regulator repressor). Within the sitABC promoter/operator region, we also located a region of dyad symmetry overlapping the transcriptional start of sitABC which shows high homology to the DtxR operator consensus sequence, suggesting that this region, termed the Sir box, is the SirR-binding site. The SirR protein was overexpressed, purified, and used in DNA mobility shift assays; SirR retarded the migration of a synthetic oligonucleotide based on the Sir box in a metal (Fe 2+ or Mn 2+ )-dependent manner, providing confirmatory evidence that this motif is the SirR-binding site. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis of staphylococcal chromosomal DNA with the synthetic Sir box as a probe confirmed that there are at least five Sir boxes in the S. epidermidis genome and at least three in the genome of S. aureus , suggesting that SirR controls the expression of multiple target genes. Using a monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against SirR to probe Western blots of whole-cell lysates of S. aureus , S. carnosus , S. epidermidis , S. hominis , S. cohnii , S. lugdunensis , and S. haemolyticus , we identified an approximately 25-kDa cross-reactive protein in each of the staphylococcal species examined. Taken together, these data suggest that SirR functions as a divalent metal cation-dependent transcriptional repressor which is widespread among the staphylococci.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences