jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Absorption Time for the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Wasted Tree Leaves of Quercus alba and Investigating Life Cycle Assessment

In this article, the effect of absorption time on the surface chemistry and pore structure of activated carbon (AC) from waste leaves of Quercus alba with the H3PO4 chemical activation method. XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, TGA, and FT-IR analyses of prepared AC were used to figure out the properties of the activated carbon. The results demonstrated that the 48 h absorption time of H3PO4 contributed to the highest surface area, 943.2 m2/g, among all the prepared activated carbon samples. As the absorption time of the phosphoric acid activating agent was increased, the surface area initially increased and then started to decrease. The further surface chemical characterization of activated carbon was determined by FT-IR spectroscopic method. Life cycle assessment methodology was employed in order to investigate the environmental impacts associated with the laboratory steps for activated carbon (AC) production. The LCA approach was implemented using OpenLCA 1.10.3 software, while ReCiPe Midpoint (H) was used for environmental impact assessment. The results of the LCA study showed that the impact categories related to toxicity were particularly affected by the utilization of electrical energy (≈90%). The power utilized during laboratory procedures was the main cause of environmental impacts, contributing an average of nearly 70% across all impact categories, with the maximum contribution to the impact category of freshwater ecotoxicity potential (≈97%) and the minimum contribution to land use potential (≈10%).

Topic: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multicriterion Decision Aid: Methods and Applications

Decision aid (DA) is unquestionably based on Operations Research (OR), but it also involves other fields (psychology, sociology, economy, computer science,…) and areas. However, all OR contributions do not necessarily fall within DA’s range since there is pure mathematical work in OR which is not directly

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Relationship between pregnancy induced diabetes and adipocytokins

Objective:To explore the relationship between the serum adipocytokins of adiponectin,TNF-α and leptinin and pregnancy induced diabetes.Methods:Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the serum adiponectin,leptin and c-peptide ELISA was applied to detect TNF-α levels in 50 women with pregnancy induced diabetes and 36 normal pregnant women,electrochemiluminescent immunoassays and pressure liquid chromatography(LPLC) were used to measure serum insulin and HbA1c respectively,and glucose oxidase method to measure the fasting glucose levels.Results: Compared with the normal pregnant women,adiponectin was significantly lowered [(10.3±2.4)(ug/ml) vs(15.6±3.2)μg/ml],TNF-α was elevated [(4.6±1.5)ng/ml vs(3.3±1.6)pg/ml],and leptin significantly highered [(15.3±3.8)ng/ml vs(10.3±2.1)ng/ml ] in women with pregnancy induced diabetes;TNF-α and leptin levels positively correlated with serum insulin levels,glucose levels,C-peptide and HbA1c,whereas adiponectin negtively with the corresponding parameters.Conclusions: ⑴ Women with pregnancy induced diabetes have significantly lower adiponectin and higher TNF-α and leptin in comparison to normal pregnant women;⑵ Elevated TNF-α,leptin and decreased adiponectin may not simply reflect maternal insulin resistant state,but contribute to the impaired glucose metabolism during pregnancy and increase risk for the development of type 2 diabetes.Adipocytokins may forecast the risk of metabolism syndrome.

Topic: Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Determination of /sup 238/Pu and /sup 241/Am in /sup 239/Pu by a. cap alpha. -spectrometry

The ..cap alpha..-spectrum tailing function used for the determination of /sup 238/Pu//sup 239/Pu and /sup 241/Pu in plutonium isotopic mixtures is described. The ..cap alpha..-ratio of /sup 238/Pu to /sup 239 +240/Pu is determined from sources purified by anion exchange. The ..cap alpha..-ratio of /sup 238/Pu + /sup 241/Am to /sup 239 +240/Pu ..cap alpha..-ratio is found by difference and converted to atom parts per million by application of the /sup 239/Pu//sup 240/Pu isotopic ratio as determined by mass spectrometry. The validity of the method has been verified by analysis of Standard Reference Materials of the US National Bureau of Standards over a period of 5-1/2 years. These analyses enable us to establish the effective purification dates of SRM 946 (10 Apr 70), SRM 947 (26 Sep 70), and SRM 948 (6 Jul 62).

Topic: Radioactive contamination and transfer
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pleural and pericardial effusion as the first sign of multiple myeloma.

We report a case of IgA-kappa multiple myeloma in a 68-year-old woman that was revealed by concomitant pleural and pericardial effusion. These effusions were found to be caused by myeloma and were verified by cytological examination of the pleural fluid and pericardial biopsy. The patient had neither osteolytic lesions nor Bence-Jones proteinuria. After a pericardiocentesis, her condition improved with a melphalan and prednisolone treatment. As far as we know, such a phenomenon is rare and has never been reported yet as a way of diagnosing multiple myeloma.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of pretreatment of Si interlayer by energetic C+ ions on the improved nanotribological properties of magnetic head overcoat

A thin layer of silicon has been used to improve the adhesion between amorphous carbon coatings and different substrates. However, the mechanism responsible for this improved adhesion to ceramic substrates, especially the Al2O3-TiC (AlTiC) substrate of magnetic recording heads, has not been well studied. In this work, this mechanism was investigated by conducting simulation and experimental tests. A tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) overcoat was deposited on Si-coated ceramic substrates by using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) at ion energy of 100 eV. The chemical structure of the ta-C overcoats and interlayers as well as the nanotribological properties of the ta-C coated AlTiC substrate were studied by means of XPS analysis, nanoscratch and ball-on-flat tests. The formation of a Si-C network between the Si interlayer and ta-C overcoat as well as the formation of Al–O–Si and Si–O–C bonds between the interlayer and the substrate were found to be the two main phenomena which strongly bond the ta-C film to its ceramic substrate. Prior to deposition of the ta-C overcoat, surface of the Si interlayer was bombarded (pretreated) by C+ ions with ion energy of 350 eV. Effect of this pretreatment on the structure and tribological properties of the coated surfaces was also studied. The results revealed that pretreatment of the Si interlayer by energetic C+ ions is an effective way to form a mixed interface and enhance the formation of a larger number of strong chemical bonds between the substrate and the overcoat which improves the adhesion of the overcoat to the substrate. In addition, this method increased the sp3 content of the ta-C film which further improves the wear resistance and durability of the coating.

Topic: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A novel clinical model for predicting malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules: A multicenter study in Chinese population

<strong>Supplementary Data</strong> Supplement Figure 1: The calibration curves for the novel model in training cohort (A), internal validation cohort (B) and external validation cohort (C), respectively. Supplement Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Supplement Table 2. Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients from Henan Tumor Hospital. Supplement Table 3. Comparison of the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio of the three models analyzed in this study Supplement Table 4. The correlation between our model, PKUPH model and Mayo model

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prognostic, diagnostic and predictive value of various proteins and mutations in lung carcinomas

Lund-Iversen and colleagues have studied three different, but comparable cohorts with lung carcinomas. One cohort (n= 436), consisting of surgical treated lung cancer, was \ninvestigated for the presence of rearrangement of NUT-BRD4 genes, corresponding to t (15; 19) (q13; p13.1) chromosomal rearrangement. The material was examined with immunohistochemistry against the protein expression corresponding to this rearrangement. In the second cohort (n=236), the significance of the proteins estrogen receptor alpha, thymydylate synthase (TS), folate receptor alpha, folypolyglutamate synthetase and thyroid transctiption factor -1 (TTF-1) was investigated. Protein expressions were examined with immunohistochemistry. In the third cohort (n=903), all cases were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction against mutations in the EGFR gene. We identified 11 exon 20 mutations. These cases were further characterized with histology, smoking habits and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Corporate Insider Trading in Saudi Arabia - A Comparative Analysis with the United States

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2019. Major: Law, Health, &amp; the Life Sciences, Joint Degree Program in. Advisor: Richard Painter. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 435 pages.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Benz[e]isoindole

Further experimental confirmation of the validity of prediction based on HMO calculations of the stability of isoindoles is provided by the synthesis of benz[e]isoindole, the second and simplest example to date of an isolable isoindole which is free of substituents in the pyrrole ring.

Topic: Synthesis and pharmacology of benzodiazepine derivatives
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dealing with Difference: Building Culturally Responsive Classrooms

Australia continues to develop as a multicultural society with levels of immigration increasing significantly over recent years as a result of government policies. More recently, the new period of financial turmoil, continuing threats from terrorism and environmental concerns, have all exacerbated the challenges of dealing with difference in our society. In response, schools continue to face the challenges of the impact of a range of different cultures, languages and religions among their student and school communities. How effectively schools deal with difference and how well they are supported in their endeavours to build culturally response classrooms is a perennial issue for both teachers and educators. A major challenge for teachers is to at a minimum, understand cultural differences as they manifest in their particular school settings and to draw on approaches that support student learning in culturally appropriate ways so to assist them to better realise their full potential. In this paper we will consider cultural diversity in the context of recent school policies, highlight a number of frameworks for addressing cultural diversity in the classroom, in particular the approaches by Kalantzis and Cope’s (1999) and Hickling-Hudson (2003). We also draw on the findings from a recent qualitative study of representations of cultural diversity in a number of Sydney metropolitan schools to discuss the need for more greater resource and policy support for progressive teaching approaches that support the development of a more tolerant and inclusive multicultural society. Key words: cultural diversity, schools, teacher education, classroom practice, social inclusion

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
How can we investigate citation behavior? A study of reasons for citing literature in communication

Authors' motivations for citing documents are addressed through a literature review and an empirical study. Replicating an investigation in psychology, the works of two highly-cited authors in the discipline of communication were identified, and all of the authors who cited them during the period 1995–1997 were surveyed. The instrument posed 32 questions about why a certain document was cited, plus questions about the citer's relationship to the cited author and document. Most findings were similar to the psychology study, including a tendency to cite "concept markers" representing a genre of work. Authors in communication were more likely to have an interpersonal connection to cited authors, and to cite literature reviews—their most common reason for citation. Three types of judgments about cited works were found to best predict citation: (1) that the work was novel, well-known, and a concept-marker; (2) that citing it might promote the authority of one's own work; and (3) that the work deserved criticism. Suggestions are made for further research, especially regarding the anomalous role of creativity in cited works.

Topic: Academic Writing and Publishing
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Unplanned admission to Siriraj post-anesthetic intensive care unit.

These results indicate that the patients who are admitted to the post-anesthetic ICU without prior planning can provide insights of ICU resource management, and the standards of perioperative management in the operating theatres. It definitely offers an opportunity to implement changes in our anesthetic practice. We will continue to monitor the impact of this important indicator.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A spectral efficient transmission method for ofdm-based power line communications

전력선통신은 스마트그리드 기반의 서비스가 제공될 수 있는 네트워크를 위한 미래지향적 기술이다. 전력선통신 채널의 주파수 선택적 페이딩이 있는 환경에서, 직교주파수분할다중화 기술은 신뢰성 있는 통신을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 직교주파수분할다중화 기반의 전력선통신 시스템에서 은닉학습신호를 이용한 주파수사용효율이 높은 기법을 제안한다. 은닉학습신호를 사용하면 채널 추정용 주파수를 따로 소모하지 않고도 채널 추정이 가능하고, 이는 데이터와의 간섭을 줄일 수 있는 학습신호에 할당된 파워를 이용해서 해결할 수 있다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 기법이 기존의 기법들에 비해 저전압 및 중전압 송전 라인에서 높은 성취 가능한 데이터 율을 보여준다. Powerline communications (PLC) is a promising medium for network access technology where smart grid aided network services can be provided. In the presence of frequency selective fading in the PLC channel, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique for reliable communications. This paper presents a spectral efficient method using a superimposed hidden pilot for OFDM-based PLC systems. Based on the scheme using a hidden pilot, it is possible to estimate the channel with no consumption of bandwidth, but with utilization of power allocated to the hidden pilot. Computer simulations showed that the proposed scheme provides higher achievable data rate than that of the conventional schemes in low voltage and medium voltage transmission lines.

Topic: Power Line Communications and Noise
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Long-Distance Trafficking: Lost in Transit or Stopped at the Gate?

Using Arabidopsis thaliana micrografts, a recent Breakthrough Report by [Paultre et al. (2016)][1] showed scion-expressed, fluorescent protein-tagged signal peptides in the root unloading zone of wild-type rootstocks. This finding indicates that tagged proteins formed in the companion cells entered

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Metabolic Exchange and Energetic Coupling between Nutritionally Stressed Bacterial Species: Role of Quorum-Sensing Molecules

Bacteria have usually been studied in single culture in rich media or under specific starvation conditions. However, in nature they coexist with other microorganisms and build an advanced society.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The genomic secrets of invasive plants

Summary Genomics has revolutionised the study of invasive species, allowing evolutionary biologists to dissect mechanisms of invasion in unprecedented detail. Botanical research has played an important role in these advances, driving much of what we currently know about key determinants of invasion success (e.g. hybridisation, whole‐genome duplication). Despite this, a comprehensive review of plant invasion genomics has been lacking. Here, we aim to address this gap, highlighting recent discoveries that have helped progress the field. For example, by leveraging genomics in natural and experimental populations, botanical research has confirmed the importance of large‐effect standing variation during adaptation in invasive species. Further, genomic investigations of plants are increasingly revealing that large structural variants, as well as genetic changes induced by whole‐genome duplication such as genomic redundancy or the breakdown of dosage‐sensitive reproductive barriers, can play an important role during adaptive evolution of invaders. However, numerous questions remain, including when chromosomal inversions might help or hinder invasions, whether adaptive gene reuse is common during invasions, and whether epigenetically induced mutations can underpin the adaptive evolution of plasticity in invasive populations. We conclude by highlighting these and other outstanding questions that genomic studies of invasive plants are poised to help answer.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Individual Differences in Learning with Hypermedia: Effects of Students’ Cognitive Styles, Computer Competency Levels, and Prior Knowledge Levels on Learning Strategies

This study examines the effects of cognitive styles, computer competency levels, and prior domain knowledge levels on students’ learning strategies in an instructional hypermedia program. Sixteen students were selected out of 111 students from a Web-enhanced course, based on their cognitive style, computer competency, and prior domain knowledge test scores. In order to reveal students’ learning strategies, interviews and observations were conducted. Results indicated that cognitive styles may be important in terms of study management strategies of the students, and computer competency and prior knowledge levels may affect the patterns of using the hypermedia program.

Topic: Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Prevalence of COVID Infection and Adverse Events Following Immunization with COVID-19 Vaccine (Covishield) Among Healthcare Workers and Students of a Dental College in Kerala: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Any untoward event following immunization without essentially having a cause-and-effect relationship with usage of vaccine is an "Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI)."The study aimed at evaluating adverse events experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) and students of a dental college, following immunization AEFI, with at least one dose of Covishield vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.The association of AEFI across various sex and age groups was also assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-vaccinated teaching staff, postgraduate students, interns, undergraduate students, and nonteaching staff of a dental college.The common AEFI, post-vaccination activities, and demographic characteristics were collected from respondents using a questionnaire.The effect of host-related factors on 14 specific symptoms of AEFI was also assessed.Results: After screening, those above 18 years old and received minimum dose of Covishield, 240 participants were included in the study from the dental college.Only 72/240 (30%) participants did not report any AEFI, whereas 11/240 (4.6%) had symptoms of severe intensity.The commonest AEFI reported were moderate weakness (60.8%), pain at the injection site (60.8%),followed by fever (60%), body ache (10.7%), nausea (6.7%), headache (5.8%), chills (5%), and vomiting (1.7%).Females experienced more AEFI than males, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms.The participant's age and number of doses taken affected AEFI.A decrease in self-reported AEFI was associated with increasing age or number of vaccine doses.There is a significant association of AEFI with age of the participants (p < 0.01).Conclusions: In the first 48 hours, AEFI was mostly observed.In the following weeks, the incidence decreased, with no AEFI reported after 15 days following both doses.Adverse events following immunization reported were mild and short-lived.No serious incidents were reported.We have assessed risk factors related to AEFI in participants vaccinated with Covishield.The important factors affecting AEFI are gender, age, and vaccine doses in this study.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Loss of an apurinic/apyrimidinic site endonuclease increases the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to Escherichia coli.

xthA- Escherichia coli, which are missing a major cellular apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, are 5- to 10-fold more sensitive than xthA+ bacteria to mutagenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) under conditions that induce the "adaptive response." The xthA(-)-dependent mutations are also dependent on SOS mutagenic processing and consist of both transversion and transition base substitutions. When MNNG-adapted xthA- bacteria are challenged with a high dose of MNNG, more xthA(-)-dependent SOS-dependent mutations are induced, and transversions are enhanced relative to transitions. The mutations induced by challenge are eliminated in xthA- alkA- bacteria, which are also deficient for 3-methyladenine glycosylase II activity. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that AP sites, at least some of which are produced by glycosylase activity, are mutagenic intermediates following cellular DNA alkylation.

Topic: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences