jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who Cares for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Child?

In the article by Levin and colleagues (Cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatrics.1989;84:683-687), the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the investigational drug ganciclovir is described. The mother of this child was known to be HIV-antibody positive 9 months prior to conception of this child (presumably by sexual contact). Despite apparent successful treatment of his cytomegalovirus retinitis, this baby died 6 weeks after ganciclovir therapy from a fulminant Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. He had normal immunoglobulin levels but reduced number of helper cells. A number of important questions are raised by this tragic case.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exercise Intensity in Exergaming: An approach by GameFiTT

Active video games are exergames that track players' body movement in relation to the game requirement. While active video games provide the necessary modes of exercise types in relation to aerobic, resistance, yoga and stretching, they are limited by compartmental movements that needed to be selected by players to form one complete exercise training to include warm-up, endurance and aerobic as well as cooling-down. The GameFiTT proposed an integration of a complete exercise workout of 35 minutes through pre-recorded exercise video and playing. Real time exercise intensity will be exploited to motivate and encourage players' motivation to exercise. This approach is hoped to improve the current exergame as to achieve a higher level of intensity during game play which is needed to create health impact.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tgf-β Signaling In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The TGF-β protein family consists of secreted multifunctional cytokines that control diverse processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Aberrant expression and downstream signaling of these growth factors have been associated with multiple diseases, including muscle wasting disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this review we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of TGF-β family members during normal skeletal muscle biology/regeneration and their role in muscle pathology, with a special focus on Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In addition, we will highlight progress in the development of potential therapeutics for Duchenne muscular dystrophy based on intervention of TGF-β signaling.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Biocompatible MIL-101(Fe) as a Smart Carrier with High Loading Potential and Sustained Release of Curcumin

The purpose of this study was the investigation of the potential of MIL-101(Fe) for load and sustained release of curcumin (CCM), as an anticancer drug, with pH stimulus. The reasons for choosing this type of metal-organic framework (MOF) are its high surface area, acceptable stability in a water medium, and its biocompatible components (iron and terephthalic acid) with low toxicity to normal cells. The obtained results from UV-vis analysis confirmed that this MOF is a smart carrier with a higher release rate in acidic pH (pH 5), which is a condition similar to that in cancer cells, than that at pH 7.4 (in normal cells). Therefore, this MOF is a pH-stimulus-controlled release carrier with 56.3% drug loading content and sustained drug release over 22 days. In order to evaluate the cell viability after treatment with free CCM, MIL-101(Fe), and MIL-101(Fe)@CCM, the cytotoxicity investigation using MTT assays was performed against HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines up to 48 h. Obtained results showed that MIL-101(Fe)@CCM exhibited more cell growth inhibition effect on HeLa cells in comparison with HEK 293. One of the reasons for the high loading and sustained release of CCM was surface adsorption of this drug and its interactions with open metal sites in MIL-101(Fe). In the end, the kinetic models of drug release were evaluated, and the obtained results showed that in this case diffusion is the main driving force for the drug release process.

Topic: Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transformation Toughening in Zirconia‐Containing Ceramics

The recognition of the potential for enhanced fracture toughness that can be derived from controlled, stress‐activated tetragonal ( t ) to monoclinic ( m ) transformation in ZrO 2 ‐based ceramics ushered in a new era in the development of the mechanical properties of engineering ceramics and provided a major impetus for broader‐ranging research into the toughening mechanisms available to enhance the fracture properties of brittle‐matrix materials. ZrO 2 ‐based systems have remained a major focal point for research as developments in understanding of the crystallography of the t → m transformation have led to more‐complete descriptions of the origins of transformation toughening and definition of the features required of a transformation‐toughening system. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the design and control of microstructure required to optimize mechanical properties in materials developed commercially. This review concentrates on the science of the t → m transformation in ZrO 2 and its application in the modeling of transformation‐toughening behavior, while also summarizing the microstructural control needed to use the benefits in ZrO 2 ‐toughened ceramics.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cooperative robot and user friendly robot- new challenge in robotics

In the near future many aspect of our life will be encompassed by tasks performing in cooperation 
with robot. The application of robot in home automation, agriculture production and medical 
operations etc will indispensable. As a result robot needs to be made human-friendly and to execute 
tasks in cooperation with human. Researchers proposed many new field of research in Robotics. 
Cooperative robotics and User friendly robotics are two new area of robotics research. Some 
researcher is trying to make human like robot. Robots that will be imitate human characteristics in 
movement, learning etc. Other researchers trying to develop robots which will be entertain human. 
Another group trying to develop robots and/or control system or robots those will be work 
cooperatively. In this paper it is tried to gather information regarding these two fields in brief.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identity Creation and Resource Controlling Strategies: Thoughts on Edomite Ethnogenesis and Development

In this paper I suggest that the evolution of the control of natural resources and trade routes in the Arabah Valley and its environs was the basis for the formation of Edomite identity in the early Iron Age. Building on insights on ethnogenesis in Southeast Asia in the studies of Joseph Scott and James Warren, I attempt to align this with recent discussions on early Edom, and the role that this group played in the regional economic web of the Iron Age.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A New analytical method development and validation of Ambroxol, Montelukast and Levocetirizine in Tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC method

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Ambroxol, Montelukast and Levocetirizine in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Triethylamine Buffer:ACN:Methanol (20:30:50) with detection of 280 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 7.7-22.5 &micro;g/ml for Ambroxol (r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.999) and 1.25-3.75 &micro;g/ml for Montelukast (r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.998) and 5-15 &micro;g/ml for Levocetirizine (r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.997)&nbsp;&nbsp; for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cold-Trace: a Mobile-based Traceability Solution Rendering Fleet Management more Effective

Abstract: Traceability and tracking activity are increasing significantly, since underlying technology such as GPRS/UMTS and satellite positioning is mature and ready for widespread market traceability solutions. This paper focuses on the roll-out of the Cold-Trace solution by Disfrimur, a leading transport company based in Spain. Cold-Trace is a unique, integrated solution based on mobile communications that helps in quality control, traceability and efficiency in the refrigerated transportation industry. It consists in a management tool on board trucks that collects and processes information from a set of sensors distributed throughout the vehicle, and offers an easy-to-use software application that allows truck drivers to manage all administrative tasks performed during the trip. Thanks to Cold-Trace, communication at Disfrimur between fleet managers and truck drivers has improved dramatically, therefore boosting efficiency in execution of their daily tasks. In addition, Cold-Trace is having significant impact on Disfrimur customers (supermarket chains) and consumers in general. 1.

Topic: Food Supply Chain Traceability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hyperactive ACC-MDT Pathway Suppresses Prepulse Inhibition in Mice

Abstract Altered prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an endophenotype associated with multiple brain disorders, including schizophrenia. Circuit mechanisms that regulate PPI have been suggested, but none has been demonstrated through direct manipulations. IRSp53 is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffold implicated in schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We found that mice lacking IRSp53 in cortical excitatory neurons display decreased PPI. IRSp53-mutant layer 6 cortical neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) displayed decreased excitatory synaptic input but markedly increased neuronal excitability, which was associated with excessive excitatory synaptic input in downstream mediodorsal thalamic (MDT) neurons. Importantly, chemogenetic inhibition of mutant neurons projecting to MDT normalized the decreased PPI and increased excitatory synaptic input onto MDT neurons. In addition, chemogenetic activation of MDT-projecting layer 6 neurons in the ACC decreased PPI in wild-type mice. These results suggest that the hyperactive ACC-MDT pathway suppresses PPI in wild-type and IRSp53-mutant mice.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
English literacy in deaf education

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors influencing the English literacy development of signing deaf children. The literacy rates of deaf high school graduates have been consistently reported as equivalent to that of an average 3rd or 4th grade hearing child (Mayer, 2009, p. 326). The factors contributing to this gap in literacy rates revolve around language acquisition and development. Issues in first language access, exposure and quality as well as differences in deaf and hearing language development are discussed. Theories of bimodal language and literacy development show unique qualities of ASL-English bilingual-bimodal that may begin to explain the cause of difficulty in English literacy skills among signing deaf children in the academic setting. Further research much be conducted in order to further develop educational programs for literacy development that are effective for deaf students.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Development ceramic composites based on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>and IG-017 additive

Based on high purity alumina and quartz powders and IG-017 bio-original additives the authors have developed new ceramic composite materials for different industrial purposes. The main goal was to fine a material and morphological structures of high performance ceramic composites as frames for development complex materials for extreme consumptions in the future. For this the mixed powders of Al2O3, SiO2 and IG-017 bio-original additive were uniaxially pressed at different compaction pressures into disc shapes and were sintered in electric kiln under air (1) and nitrogrn (2) atmosphere. The grain size distributions of the raw materials were determined by laser granulometry. There thermo-physical properties were also determined by derivatography.

Topic: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Comparison of Two Five-Factor Model Operationalizations of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in a Clinical Sample

Structural models of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model (FFM), continue to inform ongoing debates regarding what personality attributes and trait domains are central to psychopathy. A growing body of literature has linked the constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to the FFM. Recently, researchers developed both item and regression-based measures of the triarchic model of psychopathy using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised-a popular measure of the FFM. The current study examines the correlates of these two FFM-derived operationalizations of the triarchic model using data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The two approaches had strong convergent validity coefficients and similar patterns of criterion-related validity coefficients. Meanness related to greater personality pathology characterized by exploitation of others and poor attachment, whereas disinhibition related to indicators of greater negative affect and poor behavioral constraint. Boldness related to reduced negative affect and greater narcissistic personality traits. Although the item and regression-based approaches showed similar patterns of associations with criterion-variables, the item-based approach has some practical and psychometric advantages over the regression-based approach given strong correlations between the meanness and disinhibition scores from the regression approach.

Topic: Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Advances in Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Function on Plant Growth Facilitation and Their Mechanisms

In modern times, agriculture has been a major cause of environmental degradation due to both natural and artificial factors. However, there is a silver lining in the form of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), a beneficial microbial community present in the rhizosphere soil of plants. PGPR can adjust soil pH, reduce the burden on plants, and accelerate their growth, making it an excellent choice for sustainable agriculture. This article delves into the mechanism of how PGPR promotes plant growth and highlights its impact under different environmental conditions. The aim is to promote the use of PGPR biofertilizers, which could revolutionize the field of agriculture and pave the way for a greener future.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prognostic Value of Computerized DNA Analysis in Noninvasive Papillary Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder

DNA parameters and a DNA status index were calculated in cases of noninvasive urothelial papillary carcinomas and apparently normal urothelium. DNA feature analysis included the measurement of basic parameters as well as those related to DNA deviation. Normal urothelium had a diploid content with a few values between 2c and 4c. The papillary lesions in the three grades showed a progressive decrease in diploid nuclei and steadily increasing percentages of tetraploid ones. One case of grade 1 papillary carcinoma and some of grade 2 showed a small proportion of aneuploid cells; the proportion quintupled in grade 3. The values of parameters related to DNA deviation increased progressively in the three grades, numerically expressing the shift from diploidy. The DNA status index is a multiparameter classification in which a single number, ranging from 0.5 to 3.7, expresses the degree of DNA deviation from a non-proliferating diploid population. The cases of normal urothelium and of grade 1 had the lowest values, from 0.5 to 1.9, whereas grade 3 cases had the highest, from 2.2 to 3.7. The index values of grade 2 cases were partly intermediate and partly in the range of the neighboring grades. The DNA status index has a prognostic significance. In fact, associated lesions and recurrences were only observed in cases with index values over 2.0.

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LARGE-SCALE TRAVEL SURVEYS

The Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS) is a large scale telephone travel survey that has been performed in 1986, 1991, and 1996 on behalf of the local regional fovernments in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The survey is used to collect comprehensive household trip information for a 24 hour period for a 5% sample of the households in the GTA. In the 1996 survey, 110,000 households have been successfully interviewed. This information is made available to both government agencies and private companies to support transportation demand forecasting work. Over the years, the survey methodology has evolved from using pencil and to the use of a network of PC's with custom written direct data entry and survey sample control software. This paper examines the benefits oof this migration with respect to the cost of performing the survey, the quality of the results, and the speed with which the survey results can be made available. Also discussed is the importance of detailed advance planning and testing, including carefully defining the limits to the use of information technology, as well as the benefits of rigorous training of the survey staff.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the development of endometriosis

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease, is common in reproductive-age women and profoundly affects their life quality. Although various pathogenic theories have been proposed, the origin of endometriosis remains unclear. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that epithelial cells lose polarized organization of the cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell contacts, acquiring the high motility of mesenchymal cells. These changes are thought to be prerequisites for the original establishment of endometriotic lesions. However, no study exactly indicates which type of EMT occurs in endometriosis. In this review, we conclude that two different types of EMT may participate in this disease. Besides, two stimulating signals, hypoxia and estrogen, can through different pathways to activate the EMT process in endometriosis. Those pathways involve many cellular factors such as TGF-beta and Wnt, ultimately leading to cell proliferation and migration. As infertility is becoming a serious and intractable issue for women, EMT, during the implantation process, is gaining attention. In this review, we will describe the known functions of EMT in endometriosis, and suggest further studies that may aid in the development of medical therapy.

Topic: Endometriosis Research and Treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Myocyte polyploidy in human cardiac pathology].

With general atherosclerosis, the ploidy of left ventricle myocytes in the hearts of patients that underwent infarction corresponds to the norm variation irrespective of the ventricle and heart weights. At heart diseases the myocyte nucleus ploidy is often much higher than the norm variability both in hypertrophied ventricles and in those with normal weight. An additional polyploidization is suggested that may occur at some natural ontogenetic periods of human development (in the childhood) during heart diseases both innate or spontaneously appearing at the particular time. Unlike, the myocardial hypertrophy in adults does not stimulate myocyte polyploidy.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Human Factors Research Conducted under the COMDAT Technology Demonstrator Project

The purpose of the Command Decision Aiding Technology (COMDAT) Technology Demonstrator Project (TDP) was to research and demonstrate multi-source data fusion (MSDF) technologies and carry out human factors (HF) studies to support upgrades to the Halifax Class Command and Control System (CCS), in the area of battle space awareness. Since the requisite HF knowledge to support this TDP did not exist, the HF component included the generation of the founding knowledge necessary for decision aid development in future projects. The major work items included: 1) the conduct of cognitive and functional task analyses to define the information requirements of the major Operations Room positions on Halifax Class ships; 2) the development of human-in-the-loop measures of performance in order to evaluate strategies for conducting performance evaluations, define current performance in the Operations Room, and evaluate technologies including MSDF; 3) recommendations for improvements to human computer interfaces in the existing CCS and the Technology Demonstrator (TD); 4) the development of a concept of operations for user involvement in MSDF; and 5) support for an evaluation of operator-system picture compilation performance using the final TD. The detailed results of the HF work have been published in a series of reports over the course of the project which lasted from June 2000 to March 2007. This final report provides a summary of the reports along with related material that informed and supplemented this work, some lessons learned, and recommendations for future work. Overall, we have a better understanding of the usefulness of the methods that were investigated as well as considerably more knowledge about the information requirements and processes involved in building the tactical picture in the Halifax Class Operations Room.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences