jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tasks of accounting and analytical support of the enterprise budgeting

The article is devoted to research of the accounting and analytical support of enterprise budgeting. The emphasis is laid on the need to improve the enterprise management system by using budgeting. It is stressed that due to the improvement of the budgeting system it is possible to increase the efficiency of the company in relation to the process of allocation of resources, cost optimization, increase of its solvency, receiving operative information about the activity of the enterprise, coordination and control of the work of various divisions of the enterprise. The definitions of the categories of "accounting and analytical support", "accounting and analytical system", "accounting and information support", "information support" are systematized. The definition of the category "accounting and analytical provision of budgeting of a construction enterprise" is formulated. The process of formation of accounting and analytical support for budgeting of the enterprise is presented. The main tasks of the system of accounting and analytical support of budgeting of a construction enterprise are determined.

Topic: Economic and Business Development Strategies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
What Is Philosophy? Prolegomena to a Sociological Metaphilosophy

Abstract The question “What is philosophy?” is difficult to answer because it seems to presuppose answers to long‐standing and controversial philosophical questions. As answers to these questions affect one’s metaphilosophy, apparently irresolvable philosophical disagreements are then converted into deadlock concerning the nature of the discipline. As this problem is unique to philosophy, however, this difficulty itself reveals something of philosophy’s essential nature. As, under analysis, it turns out to arise from a definite way of posing problems, philosophy can initially be defined by a particular mode of problematisation . This essay establishes this argument and proposes a method for developing this insight into a fully realised, socio‐historical metaphilosophy. This involves stages of (a) hermeneutical analysis and (b) historical contextualisation, both of which increase the account’s empirical adequacy. A conclusion discusses the extent to which philosophy is on trial here and argues that questioning the future of philosophy is not inherently philistine.

Topic: Philosophy, Science, and History
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Contextual-Based E-comic Media Design

The novelty of design on student learning media needs to be developed so that students have curiosity about the material taught by the teacher so that students can become more active. Most students lack curiosity and understand the concept of science learning because the learning media is monotonous and unattractive. So that we can use contextual-based e-comic media as one of the innovations. Where e-comic makes it easier for students to understand abstract material, and can foster student interest in reading. The research objective is to design a contextual-based e-comic learning media. Descriptive research was conducted in two stages, namely analysis and design. The analysis phase is carried out by observation using a questionnaire and the design phase is carried out by utilizing computer software. The results of the analysis phase of the research showed that 65% of students thought that the material on the circulatory system was difficult to understand. And the resulting contextual-based e-comic design, so that students can relate learning to real life. This research is expected to be developed and further testing is needed for students.

Topic: Comics and Graphic Narratives
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Preparation and Characterization of Binary Mixture of Efavirenz and Nicotinamide

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct regeneration and Genetic transformation studies in Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Indian Sarasaprilla)

<title>Abstract</title> Since ages, plants continue to provide new remedies to mankind. <italic>Hemidesmus indicus</italic> L. R. Br. is one such plant belonging to family Apocynaceae, showing potent medicinal properties known through traditional knowledge. <italic>Hemidesmus</italic> is also explored for the presence of flavoring compound namely 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) which is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Due to anthropogenic activities, the plant has been exploited till the ridge for its ethnobotanical properties for mankind. Biotechnological intervention to conserve this endangered sps through in vitro plant cultures, micropropogation and genetic transformation studies is the pre-requite to maintain it from extinction. The objective of the study is to improve the regeneration potential and optimize the genetic transformation in <italic>Hemidesmus indicus.</italic> The direct regeneration of <italic>Hemidesmus indicus</italic> through leaf explants, nodal explants with subsequent plant regeneration using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellic acid), adenine sulphate, TRIA. The <italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</italic> mediated genetic transformation studies in <italic>Hemidesmus indicus</italic> was carried out in callus cultures using the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1301. The caulogenic response of 78.8%, 73.3% and 71.4% was observed when the leaf explant was inoculated on MS media containing 2.3 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP + 0.2 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> 2,4-D, 0.02 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> TRIA + 2 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP, 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> KIN + 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> NAA respectively with creamish yellow nodular friable callus by the 4 weeks. The initiation of shoot bud was observed within three days after inoculation of nodal explant on media supplemented with 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP + 0.1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> NAA, 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP + 0.1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> NAA + 40 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> AgNO<sub>3</sub>, 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP + 0.1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> NAA + 40 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> AgNO<sub>3</sub> + 40 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> adenine sulphate respectively and incubated in the dark for 2 weeks. Shoot regeneration from the leaf explants was also observed within 4 weeks after inoculation in MS medium with 1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> BAP + 0.1 mgL<sup>− 1</sup> NAA. <italic>Agrobacterium</italic> mediated genetic transformation was carried out successfully in callus cultures of <italic>H. indicus</italic>. The transformation efficiency was found to be 26%. The efficient shoot regeneration was observed within 4 weeks and transformation study can be further applied for over expression of biosynthetic genes to enhance the bioactive components that have immense significance in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs. Linagliptin, CARMELINA and CAROLINA

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were the first class of new antidiabetic drugs to be studied using modern cardiovascular safety trials, as mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Trials with saxagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin satisfied the safety criteria with no increase in major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke. No reduction in MACE was demonstrated in these trials, and an unexpected increase in the secondary outcome of hospitalisation for heart failure was observed in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial with saxagliptin. Unusually, linagliptin was studied in two separate safety trials: CARMELINA compared linagliptin with placebo and CAROLINA compared linagliptin with glimepiride. In both trials MACE events were similar in the linagliptin and comparator groups, and no significant differences were observed in rates of hospitalisation for heart failure. These trials provide evidence of cardiovascular safety for linagliptin but show no clear cardiovascular benefits, and indirectly provide evidence of cardiovascular safety for the sulfonylurea glimepiride.

Topic: Diabetes Treatment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
THERMAL DISSOCIATION OF DIASPORE CLAY*

A bstract Diaspora clay, under conditions of equilibrium, forms corundum and gamma alumina at 400°C. The gamma alumina gradually changes to corundum at higher temperatures, part of which combines with free silica to form mullite at about 1150°. Between 400° and 750°, there is a gradual increase in the size of the corundum unit cell as determined by X‐ray crystal analysis, which, upon continued heating at higher temperatures, gradually reduces to the true dimensions of corundum.

Topic: Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transient Interaction of Plane Acoustic Waves with a Spherical Elastic Shell

The problem of the transient interaction of plane pulse waves and an elastic spherical shell is solved exactly within the scope of linear acoustic and thin shell theories and within the limit of series solution. Detailed numerical results for the transient and vibratory responses of the shell are presented, and some interesting features of the transient wave shell interaction are revealed.

Topic: Elasticity and Wave Propagation
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Feeding ecology of Eigenmannia desantanai (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) in southern Pantanal, Brazil

Abstract Aim This study investigated changes in the dietary composition and trophic niche breadth of Eigenmannia desantanai in the context of hydrological periods, rivers, and ontogeny. Methods Collections were performed monthly on the Paraguay and Amonguijá Rivers between February 2009 and January 2011. Results A total of 338 specimens of E. desantanai were collected, 224 of which came from the Amonguijá River and 114 from the Paraguay River. In all, 21 food items were identified. Fully remains of digested animals (RDA), Chironomidae, Cladocera, and Ostracoda showed greater importance in the diet of E. desantanai. Dietary composition was influenced by hydrological periods, followed by differences between sampled rivers, and ontogeny. In contrast, only hydrological periods explained variation in the E. desantanai trophic niche breadth. Conclusions The diet of E. desantanai is mainly composed of Chironomidae, Cladocera, and Ostracoda; however, individuals consumed other food items owing to changes in hydrological periods, followed by characteristics of the Amonguijá and Paraguay Rivers and ontogenetic variation. In this respect, the results of this study are germane to the food ecology of E. desantanai, providing guidelines for the management and conservation of the species.

Topic: Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Study of Hydrogen Bonding

The proton magnetic resonance technique lends itself to the study of hydrogen bond equilibria. Through PMR spectra, hydrogen bonding can be detected. The specific proton which participates intimately in the hydrogen bond may be identified. The following work has investigated hydrogen bonding systems in which the proton donor is trifluoroacetic acid and the proton acceptor is an N-heterocyclic base, such as quinazoline, quinoline, and isoquinol ine. From measurements of the chemical shift versus concentration, and from measurements of the line width at half peak amplitude versus concentration for the time average exchange signal, the extent of hydrogen bonding may be determined and the participating equilibria may be characterized. Two equilibrium constants have been calculated using the PMR data obtained in this study. Solvent effects upon the hydrogen bonding equilibria have been noted in several cases. These effects were similar to those found in other previous investigations and can be explained. The effect of hydrogen bonding upon the N-heterocyclic ring has been observed. The ring protons are chemically shifted upon hydrogen bond association of the N-heterocycle with the acid. This observation reveals a charge redistribution in the heterocycle upon complex formation. There is insufficient data to calculate the charge densities of these systems, however.

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1843901: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The apparent specific volume of polymers in dilute solution

Abstract Apparent specific volumes φ 2 of polymers in dilute solution (&lt;5%) have been obtained with a magnetic float type densitometer for the following systems: polyvinyl acetate–chlorobenzene, polyisobutylene–benzene and –chlorobenzene, and polystyrene–chlorobenzene and –chloroform. Large variations of φ 2 with concentration in very dilute solution have been reported in the literature, but could not be detected; preliminary results did show a variation, but this was found to be a nonequilibrium effect. The difference between φ 2 and the specific volume of the pure polymeric liquid is found to be roughly proportional to the calorimetrically determined heat of mixing of polymer and solvent.

Topic: Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application Approach and Prospects of the Foundry Waste Sand and Slag in Engineering

In the foundry industry, the main solid waste is the foundry waste sand, casting cupola dust and slag, which causes environmental pollution and becomes a bottleneck restricting the development of the foundry industry. The main components of the foundry waste sand and slag generated by casting are siliceous and calcareous granular materials, which meet the needs of engineering construction materials, they have a broad application prospect. In this paper, the investigation and analysis of the foundry waste sand and slag have been carried on about the research and application in the engineering construction, which provide reference and basis for the application of foundry waste sand and slag in the engineering.

Topic: Materials Engineering and Processing
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analysis of Apolipoprotein A5, C3, and Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Genetically Engineered Mice

Objective— Both the apolipoprotein A5 and C3 genes have repeatedly been shown to play an important role in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans and mice. In mice, transgenic and knockout experiments indicate that plasma triglyceride levels are strongly altered by changes in the expression of either of these 2 genes. In humans, common polymorphisms in both genes have also been associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. These similar findings raised the issue of the relationship between these 2 genes and altered triglycerides. Methods and Results— To address this issue, we generated independent lines of mice that either overexpressed (“double transgenic”) or completely lacked (“double knockout”) both apolipoprotein genes. We report that both “double transgenic” and “double knockout” mice display normal triglyceride concentrations compared with overexpression or deletion of either gene alone. Furthermore, we find that human ApoAV plasma protein levels in the “double transgenic” mice are ≈500-fold lower than human ApoCIII levels, supporting ApoAV as a potent triglyceride modulator despite its low concentration. Conclusions— Together, these data support that APOA5 and APOC3 independently influence plasma triglyceride concentrations but in an opposing manner.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Simultaneous occurrence of Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis: Is it an association or coincidental findings?

Abstract Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis share the common pathogenesis, histological features, age group, and female preponderance that suggests a common etiological link.

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Laboratory Study on the Wave Distribution around Breakwater

A three-dimensional physical model was used to study the wave distribution around breakwater in Malaysia Kuantan. Model tests were carried out by using the L-type action absorption directional wave generator in a 45m×40m wave basin at TIWTE in Tianjin China. The incident wave conditions were checked first in the laboratory and a series steps were introduced to construct the bathymetry and breakwater structure. At last, the wave distribution around the breakwater with 60yrs and 100yrs wave action were given respectively. The conclusions should be used to achieve optimization of the design.

Topic: Wave and Wind Energy Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
St. Thomas Aquinass Concept Of The Human Soul And The Influence Of Platonism

What has often gone unnoticed or at least not commented on the way in which St. Thomas Aquinas used Platonic insights in order to explain what the soul and how it functions in extraordinary situations before and after death. Such Platonism typically occurs when Aquinas sets out to explain why and how it that the human soul needs to function independently of the senses. The reason for such independence that the mind can see God unhindered by any sensory input when God seen face to face. Aquinas insists in a number of places that the human being is made up of body and soul as two that constitute a third thing which neither one of them, for (the human being) neither soul nor body. This the Aristotelian viewpoint, although Thomas's description of soul and body as things should be noted. Keywords: Aristotle; God; human soul; Platonism; St. Thomas Aquinas

Topic: Medieval and Classical Philosophy
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Discrepant Fluency in Self-Customization

This research demonstrates that during self-customization, consumers use their experiences from prior feature decisions to form expectations about subsequent decisions. When the difficulty experienced during decisions later in the process deviates from that which occurs earlier in the process, consumer preference is affected by the discrepancy between actual and expected difficulty. Specifically, the results show that when the difficulty experienced during feature decisions deviates from expectations, consumers may spend more or less money on product features as a result of discrepant fluency than when they perform the same task and the level of difficulty is expected. The results demonstrate that discrepant fluency effects are not limited to sequential decisions but can influence a single feature decision, which was accomplished by altering consumers’ expectations before the decision. These discrepant fluency effects emerge even when the attributes of the alternatives and the composition of the focal decision settings remain the same.

Topic: Product Development and Customization
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Finding life on explanets

AbstractNow we come to the heart of the matter. Imagine a time, in the not too distant future, when we can observe a dot of light that is an exoplanet. We would much prefer to see the planet as a disc, but that possibility lies further in the future. So, what could we do with a dot of light in our search for life?KeywordsLight CurveGiant PlanetInfrared WavelengthWestern Pacific OceanHabitable PlanetThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
EVALUATION OF ELEMENTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION IN NIGERIANS

Serum micro and macro elements play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of these elements in hypertension. The study involved 90 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy subjects who served as controls. Determinations of elements K, Na, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Ca, Al, Cd, and Ar were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Our results show higher values of Na, Fe, the toxic elements such as Pb, Co, Al, Ar, Cd, and Cr and lower levels of K, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Ca for hypertensive patients in comparison with normal healthy controls. Although, it seemed very unlikely that mineral deficiencies per se could be the cause of hypertension, their contribution is suspected.

Topic: Medical Case Reports and Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Forecast Algorithm for Tracking Moving Targets Based on Data Fusion

In order to reduce the search region, it is necessary to predict the position of the moving object for the next time step in the neighbourhood of tracked target. On account of the video-based motion analysis used in the medical rehabilitation, a forecast algorithm based on data fusion for tracking moving targets in two-dimensional plane with the static background was proposed. Firstly, by means of the polynomial fitting and improved Kalman filtering algorithms based on the current mode, two predicted preliminary positions of a moving target were separately obtained. Then the resulting position was predicted by means of data fusion on two preliminary positions. Moreover, the proposed algorithm was tested by the computer simulation and the experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm forecasts the position of moving targets more accurately than two other prediction methods based on polynomial fitting and improved Kalman filtering respectively.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences