jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parametric study of pressure generation and sodium-slug energy from molten- fuel-coolant interactions

was effective in generating vapor. The experimental results show a marked tendency of molten U0{sub 2} to form particulate after passage through only a few inches of sodium. Particle sized distributions obtained under the conditions of the experiments were not significantly different from those obtained in prior small-scale tests and in TREAT tests. Also, the results indicate that the metallic component of the molten mixture formed larger particles than the oxide component.

Topic: Nuclear Materials and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Nurses Working in Critical Care in the United States

Introduction/Rationale: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has put immense strain on healthcare workers (HCWs) at the frontlines. This is particularly true for health care workers caring for COVID19 patients in intensive care units (ICU). News reports highlight the extreme stress on healthcare workers in critical care. In this context national leaders have acknowledged a significant risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), moral distress and burnout for critical care nurses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is likely the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to have a tremendous influence on ICU nurses’ mental health and continuation in the critical care work force. Although some early surveys have documented clinician’s perceptions of challenges and personal concerns, we are unaware of a qualitative study that is evaluating the broad experience and mental health impact of the pandemic on nurses practicing in ICUs across the nation. The purpose of the study is to describe the experiences of critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on their personal and professional wellbeing, how they have changed as a result of their experience and how they feel ICU care will be affected in the future. Methods: This is a cross sectional, descriptive qualitative study that will recruit a national sample of nurses that worked in ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020. Nurses will be recruited through social media (Twitter and Facebook) and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Newsletters. We plan to interview up to 40 respondents. Two researchers will be conducting the interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews will be conducted via Zoom, TEAMS or phone. They will be audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews will be analyzed with inductive content analysis by the research team. Results: Nine nurses have been interviewed to date. Additional recruitment and data collection are in progress and will be completed by January 2021. Conclusions: COVID-19 may have lasting effects on the health and well-being of nurses which could have a negative impact on the critical care workforce. In order to develop meaningful interventions and to fully support nurses working on the frontline through the next year and in similar situations it is imperative that we understand the experiences of nurses working on the frontlines during the pandemic.

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Belford's Divergence: or, is industrial archaeology relevant in an AONB?

This is a visual abstract for a conference paper at the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference 2018 (Chester). The convener of the conference session 'Steaming Plant or Steam Punk? Researching Industrial Archaeology and Heritage in the 21st Century', Mike Nevell, referred to the conference (2008) and published volume (2009) 'Crossing Paths or Sharing Tracks? Future directions in the archaeological study of post-1550 Britain and Ireland'. Mike asked participants to consider, how relevant or understood is industrial archaeology and heritage in the second decade of the 21st century? The session also considered barriers to engagement in industrial archaeology, and asked if archaeologists have moved beyond simply recording data towards providing explanations for industrialisation, amongst other questions. My paper looked back to Paul Belford's article of ten years ago, given at that conference and published in 2009, in which Paul called for industrial archaeologists to apply their research to pressing present-day issues including pollution, population movement, the consequences of colonialism and capitalism, for example. In response to both Paul's paper and Mike's invitation, I looked at the relevance of industrial archaeology to the twenty-first century by focussing on rural landscapes, and specifically Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Topic: Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
When science becomes too easy: Science popularization inclines laypeople to underrate their dependence on experts

Science popularization fulfills the important task of making scientific knowledge understandable and accessible for the lay public. However, the simplification of information required to achieve this accessibility may lead to the risk of audiences relying overly strongly on their own epistemic capabilities when making judgments about scientific claims. Moreover, they may underestimate how the division of cognitive labor makes them dependent on experts. This article reports an empirical study demonstrating that this “easiness effect of science popularization” occurs when laypeople read authentic popularized science depictions. After reading popularized articles addressed to a lay audience, laypeople agreed more with the knowledge claims they contained and were more confident in their claim judgments than after reading articles addressed to expert audiences. Implications for communicating scientific knowledge to the general public are discussed.

Topic: Climate Change Communication and Perception
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #120270.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
NDUFV1 mutations in complex I deficiency: Case reports and review of symptoms

Mitochondrial complex I (CI) deficiency is the most common oxidative phosphorylation disorder described. It shows a wide range of phenotypes with poor correlation within genotypes. Herein we expand the clinics and genetics of CI deficiency in the brazilian population by reporting three patients with pathogenic (c.640G&gt;A, c.1268C&gt;T, c.1207dupG) and likely pathogenic (c.766C&gt;T) variants in the NDUFV1 gene. We show the mutation c.766C&gt;T associated with a childhood onset phenotype of hypotonia, muscle weakness, psychomotor regression, lethargy, dysphagia, and strabismus. Additionally, this mutation was found to be associated with headaches and exercise intolerance in adulthood. We also review reported pathogenic variants in NDUFV1 highlighting the wide phenotypic heterogeneity in CI deficiency.

Topic: Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Different Land Use Systems on Selected Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils in Northwestern Ethiopia

Information about effects of different land use systems on soil physico-chemical properties is crucial for best land management practices. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the same on Nitosols of Achefer District, Northwestern Ethiopia. The landuse systems studied included grassland, cultivated land, plantation forest and natural forest. The research was superimposed on land use systems that were located nearby on similar soil, contour line and slope classes. Undisturbed core and disturbed composite soil samples were collected randomly from two sites with three replications for each landuse system at two varying depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). The undisturbed soil samples were analysed for bulk density, particle density, porosity and moisture content at different pressures; while the composite soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic carbon, total N and available P. Results of the study indicated that the lowest bulk and particle densities, the highest total porosity, and higher moisture content at both field capacity and permanent wilting percentage were found under natural forest land use system. In contrast, the highest bulk and particle densities, the lowest total porosity and lower water contents at both field capacity and permanent wilting percentage were obtained under the cultivated landuse system. Soil pH was moderately acidic under all landuse systems. The lowest organic carbon, total N, and C:N ratio were recorded under cultivated land; whereas the highest values of the same parameters were found under natural forest. In all landuse systems, organic carbon and total N decreased with soil depth. The highest and lowest available P contents were recorded under natural forest and grassland, respectively. From the results of the study it was possible to conclude that conversion of forest lands to cultivated and grasslands had detrimental effects on the soil physico-chemical properties under subsistance farming systems of the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate and integrated land management options for different land use syetems are required to sustain agricultural productivity while protecting the environment.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biphasic Ordered Induction of Heme Synthesis in Differentiating Murine Erythroleukemia Cells: Role of Erythroid 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase

During dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-stimulated differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, one of the early events is the induction of the heme biosynthetic pathway. While recent reports have clearly demonstrated that GATA-1 is involved in the induction of erythroid cell-specific forms of 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS-2) and porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase and that cellular iron status plays a regulatory role for ALAS-2, little is known about regulation of the remainder of the pathway. In the current study, we have made use of a stable MEL cell mutant (MEAN-1) in which ALAS-2 enzyme activity is not induced by DMSO, hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), or butyric acid. In this cell line, addition of 2% DMSO to growing cultures results in the normal induction of PBG deaminase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase but not in the induction of the terminal two enzymes, protoporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase. These DMSO-treated cells did not produce mRNA for beta-globin and do not terminally differentiate. In addition, the cellular level of ALAS activity declines rapidly after addition of DMSO, indicating that ALAS-1 must turn over rapidly at this time. Addition of 75 microM hemin alone to the cultures did not induce cells to terminally differentiate or induce any of the pathway enzymes. However, the simultaneous addition of 2% DMSO and 75 microM hemin caused the cells to carry out a normal program of terminal erythroid differentiation, including the induction of ferrochelatase and beta-globin. These data suggest that induction of the entire heme biosynthetic pathway is biphasic in nature and that induction of the terminal enzymes may be mediated by the end product of the pathway, heme. We have introduced mouse ALAS-2 cDNA into the ALAS-2 mutant cell line (MEAN-1) under the control of the mouse metallothionein promoter (MEAN-RA). When Cd and Zn are added to cultures of MEAN-RA in the absence of DMSO, ALAS-2 is induced but erythroid differentiation does not occur and cells continue to grow normally. In the presence of metallothionein inducers and DMSO, the MEAN-RA cells induce in a fashion similar to that found with the wild-type 270 MEL cells. Induction of the activities of ALAS, PBG deaminase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and ferrochelatase occurs. In cultures of MEAN-RA where ALAS-2 had been induced with Cd plus Zn 24 h prior to DMSO addition, onset of heme synthesis occurs more rapidly than when DMSO and Cd plus Zn are added simultaneously. This study reveals that induction of ALAS-2 alone is not sufficient to induce terminal differentiation of the MEAN-RA cells, and it does not appear that ALAS-2 alone is the rate-limiting enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway during MEL cell differentiation.

Topic: Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sharon Ann Musher.<i>Democratic Art: The New Deal’s Influence on American Culture</i>.

The New Deal remains, as Sharon Ann Musher puts it, “the golden age” (213) of federal arts funding in the U.S. Beginning in May 1935, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) mounted work-relief projects (collectively known as Federal One) for almost forty thousand destitute writers, theater practitioners, musicians, and visual artists. Overlapping with that effort were the Treasury Department’s mural programs and the Resettlement Administration’s (RA) photography section. This support for art as legitimate labor had unprecedented geographical and conceptual breadth—project offices in every region, every state, and many municipalities across the country, and vastly differing degrees of artistic skill among employees—to the point that assembling a coherent analysis of the whole is a distinct challenge. The usual scholarly strategy has been to focus on a single project. In Democratic Art: The New Deal’s Influence on American Culture, Musher follows the road less taken, traveling widely across the full gamut. Herein lies the main contribution of her judicious volume.

Topic: Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[Pharmacokinetics of 5-ethyl-2'-desoxyuridine in the rat].

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the virostatic drug 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EtUdR, Aedurid) and its metabolite 5-ethyluracil was determined after intravenous and oral application in a nonindividual study using inbred rats. EtUdR is metabolized and eliminated rapidly. The saturation of the metabolic pathway could not be achieved. Higher initial blood levels resulted from a pretreatment of rats with probenecid or the application of the better water-soluble compound 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate; the elimination characteristic of EtUdR could not be altered by these methods.

Topic: Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of body weight at hatching and water temperature on development of the yolk-sac larvae of six species of salmonids, including grayling

The effects of larval weight on survival and growth were studied at a range of temperatures for four species of fish that are native to Austria, and two introduced species. Spawning times differ, and the thermal requirements for embryos and larvae reflect the temperatures of adaptation to their habitats. Optimum temperatures for hatching success are compared with optima for larval survival; the ranges of temperatures at which at least 50 % of larvae survived are wider than those for hatching, suggesting that temperature requirements can alter in different life-stages. Most of the variation in larval fresh weight with time was attributed to temperature, although size at hatching can also have an effect. In the temperature range 4 °C to 20 °C, the overall weight gains of the six species differed between 3.7 mg to 52.6 mg, with growth rates of 17 % to 431 % and maximum body weights between 16.3 mg and 118.4 mg. A series of relatively simple models can be used for predicting parts of the life-spans, e.g. length of the embryonic development and yolk-sac larval stages, and mean weights of each species, from fertilization of the egg to the end of the larval stage. Studies of early life stages are becoming increasingly important in forecasting recruitment of wild fish. In cultured fish the yolk-feeding stages are central to success or failure of larviculture.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Limit cycle behavior in three or higher dimensional nonlinear systems: the Lotka-Volterra example

The existence of limit cycle behavior in three or higher dimensional nonlinear systems is studied. The procedure by which the existence of limit cycles is established consists of two steps: 1) the boundedness of the system states is established; and 2) all equilibrium points of the system are destabilized. This procedure is applied to a three dimensional Lotka-Volterra system to determine sets of parameters for which the system exhibits limit cycle behavior. The procedure by which the existence of limit cycle behavior in nonlinear systems is established, is applicable to planar or higher dimensional systems conveniently. However, establishing the boundedness of the system states (step 1) may be difficult for some systems. Moreover, this procedure does not exclude the possibility of quasi-periodic or chaotic behaviors.

Topic: Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Roughening instability and evolution of the Ge(001) surface during ion sputtering

We have investigated the temperature-dependent roughening kinetics of Ge surfaces during low energy ion sputtering using energy dispersive x-ray reflectivity. At 150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and below, the surface is amorphized by ion impact and roughens to a steady state small value. At 250 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C the surface remains crystalline, roughens exponentially with time, and develops a pronounced ripple topography. At higher temperature this exponential roughening is slower, with an initial sublinear time dependence. A model that contains a balance between smoothing by surface diffusion and viscous flow and roughening by atom removal explains the kinetics. Ripple formation is a result of a curvature-dependent sputter yield.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The interspecific genome structure of cultivated banana, Musa spp. revealed by flow cytometry and genomic DNA in situ hybridisation

The genomes of four different wild Musa species are involved in cultivated bananas : the A, B, S and T genomes related to M. acuminata, M. balbisiana, M. schizocarpa and the Australimusa species, respectively. Most cultivated clones are triploid or diploid. They have been classified into genomic groups according to chromosome numbers and morphological traits. The main groups are AA, AAA, AAB, ABB, AS or AT. Flow cytometry reveals that the sizes of A, B, S and T genomes are significantly different. M. balbisiana has the smallest genome (1.03 pg/2C, 2n=2x=22), followed by M. acuminata (1.11 pg/2C, 2n=2x=22) and M. schizocarpa (1.18 pg/2C, 2n=2x =22). The highest value was obtained for the Australimusa species M. textilis (1.27 pg/2C, 2n=2x=20). Genome size can thus be used to determine the species involved in interspecific diploid clones. Genomic in situ hybridization has been developed to characterize the specific origin of the chromosomes in interspecific clones. This technique enables us to differentiate the chromosomes from the genomes A, B, S and T and is being used to determine the exact genome structure of cultivated clones and synthetic hybrids. (Texte intégral)

Topic: Banana Cultivation and Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pellet fuelling of ELMy H mode discharges on ASDEX Upgrade

Efforts have been made to develop scenarios allowing more flexible plasma density control by injecting cryogenic solid hydrogen pellets. While the injection of pellets during ohmic discharges was found to be most efficient and also improves the plasma performance, an increase in the auxiliary heating power causes a deterioration of the pellet fuelling efficiency. A further strong reduction of the pellet fuelling efficiency by an additional process was observed for the more reactor relevant conditions of shallow particle deposition during H mode phases. With injection during type I ELMy H mode phases, each pellet was found to trigger the release of an ELM and therefore cause particle losses mainly from the edge region. In the type I ELMy H mode, only sufficient pellet penetration allowed noticeable, persistent particle deposition in the plasma by the pellets. Applying adequate pellet injection conditions and favourable scenarios using combined pellet/gas puff refuelling, significant density ramp-up to densities exceeding the empirical Greenwald limit by up to a factor of two was achieved even for strongly heated H mode plasmas

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Polarization Control of Quantum‐Dot Spin‐VCSELs

Quantum‐dot spin vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) are a relatively new addition to the spin‐VCSELs literature. The quantum‐dot active region, apart from the usual advantages carried by the quantum confinement in all three directions, offers additional degrees of freedom for the manipulation of the polarization of the emitted light. In, the present contribution, a detailed analysis on the key parameter optimization of optically pumped quantum‐dot spin‐VCSELs is presented. The influence of the spin polarization of the carriers on the polarization control is investigated over a large range of birefringence rate and spin‐relaxation rate values. Precise polarization control is shown in the results, as represented on maps in the plane of pump ellipticity versus birefringence rate. The trajectories on Poincaré sphere reveal a rich polarization behavior ranging from spin amplification to polarization chaos.

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The TIR instrument on TRISHNA satellite: a precursor of high resolution observation missions in the thermal infrared domain

The TRISHNA program marks a step further in the fruitful cooperation built between CNES and ISRO since many years, through a new Earth observation mission dedicated to the improvement of water cycle understanding and water resource management. Thanks to its unprecedented high spatial resolution in the thermal infrared domain, together with a high revisit frequency, TRISHNA mission will significantly contribute to the detection of ecosystem stress and to the optimization of water use in agriculture in a context of global climate change. This paper presents the TRISHNA mission context and main requirements, gives an overview of TRISHNA system architecture and describes TIR (Thermal InfraRed) instrument design with a highlight on its specific innovative features and the current development status.

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
tankPUMP live on Waiheke Radio

On Friday the 4th of December 2009 local pumpshop rockers tankPUMP (all 7 of them!) came into the Waiheke Radio studio to do a live set on Rock on the Rock. The result was a fantastic improvised grungy rock'n'roll extravaganza. Enjoy!

Topic: Sports Analytics and Performance
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences