jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An analysis of acid rain distribution characteristics of five cities in south Jiangsu in recent five years

Acid rain distribution characteristics of 7 acid rain monitoring stations in Nanjing,Zhenjiang,Changzhou,Wuxi and Suzhou in south Jiangsu were analyzed based on acid rain monitoring data from January 2007 to December 2011.The results indicate that the frequency of acid rain was maximum in Dongshan and minimum in Nanjing.The frequency was minimum in 2011 and maximum in 2009.The frequency of strong acid rain was maximum in Dongshan and minimum in Liyang.The frequency was maximum when the rainfall was strong acidity at 3 points at the same time.The strong acid precipitation falled at 7 points at the same time appeared only on February 22,2009.The acid rain intensity was the strongest in Dongshan and weakest in Liyang.The precipitation of the four seasons in a year were acidic.The precipitation in 2011 was weak acidity,but it was strong acidity during 2008-2010.

Topic: Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Predicting intentions to get the COVID‐19 vaccine in India: An integration of theory of planned behaviour and health belief model

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine intention to receive Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccination in India. An integrated model of Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM) was used. Online survey was conducted in Delhi NCR region to find out the intention to receive vaccination. Data was collected from 845 respondents during 15 February 2021–15 March 2021, just after COVID‐19 vaccination became available in the India. Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modelling was used to establish the relationships. The results of the analysis show that proposed framework is significant and explained 71% variance in intentions. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and self‐efficacy from the TPB had direct (or significant independent) effects on intention and perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility from the HBM have indirect effect on the intentions through attitude. The present study can be used to maximise the uptake of vaccination in any future pandemic. This theoretically‐driven model can be used to guide health policy makers and health care providers to increase the uptake of vaccination.

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Combined Use of Spinal Anesthesia and Midazolam Sedation Increases the Risk of Hypoxemia

To the Editor: We read with interest the article entitled "The Influence of High Spinal Anesthesia on Sensitivity to Midazolam Sedation" by Ben-David et al. [1]. The authors explain that their study did not address the central clinical question "Does the combined use of high spinal anesthesia and midazolam sedation increase the risk of hypoventilation and hypoxemia?" The answer is yes, at least in patients over 65 years of age, as was demonstrated in our prospective, randomized, and double-blind study evaluating oral benzodiazepine premedication 60-90 minutes before surgery (with 1 mg flunitrazepam, 1 mg lorazepam, or 7.5 mg midazolam) and the incidence of hypoxemia during surgery under spinal anesthesia [2]. The incidence of hypoxemia (arterial O2 saturation < 90% with room air) was 60% in patients who received midazolam compared with 15% in unpremedicated controls (overall, 42% of premedicated patients presented hypoxemia during surgery). Key factors for the development of hypoxemia were drowsiness during surgery (66% vs 11% in awake patients) and the level of anesthesia (49% in patients with an anesthetic level of T-6 or higher compared with 21% in those with T-7 or lower). Using these factors, we designed a risk score for hypoxemia: 0 points = awake and anesthetic level T-7 or lower; 1 point = drowsy or anesthetic level T-6 or higher; 2 points = drowsy and anesthetic level T-6 or higher. The incidence of hypoxemia was significantly different among the three groups: 0 points, 7%; 1 point, 30%; and 2 points, 74%. Thus, the results of our study underscore the fact that sedation during spinal anesthesia may lead to potentially dangerous complications and should be used with caution and monitored. Hernan R. Munoz, MD Jorge Dagnino, MD Department of Anesthesiology Catholic University of Chile School of Medicine Santiago, Chile

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Osteoid Osteoma of the Proximal Femur Simulating Spinal Root Compression

In a 6 1/2-year-old boy and a 9 1/2-year-old girl, spinal root compression was suspected on the basis of muscle wasting and weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and severe pain, all in a radicular distribution. However, extensive and invasive neuroradiologic evaluation failed to demonstrate compression of spinal roots. Only several months later was the correct diagnosis of osteoid osteoma reached. In one patient, the tumor was removed and on histologic examination groups of unmyelinated nerve fibers were found near the center of the tumor nidus, generally surrounding small arterioles. In the other patient parental consent was not given for the operation. The symptoms gradually subsided, although the typical radiologic features of the tumor went unchanged. The presence of unmyelinated autonomic nerve fibers in the nidus of osteoid osteoma may explain the severe pain commonly experienced by the patients. The spinal origin of such fibres can account for the radicular syndrome, while the localization of pain and sensory findings remote from the tumor site might be explained by a mechanism similar to that responsible for "referred pain."

Topic: Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Sacrament of Marriage in the Catholic Tradition and the Culture of the Temporary

Pope Francis calls today’s culture a culture of temporariness. With regard to marriage, it is resulting in a decline in marriages and an increase in divorces. One notices an increasing tension between the sacrament of marriage in the Catholic tradition, which is understood as a lifelong relationship. The purpose of this article is to analyze the meaning and stabilizing role of marriage in the face of these changes. This article consists of four parts. It presents the theological and legal–canonical vision of the sacrament of marriage in the Catholic Church (1), the manifestations of the culture of temporariness in society and marriage (2), the stability offered by the sacrament of marriage (3), and the strengthening of the stabilizing role of the sacrament of marriage (4). The sources for this research are the teachings of the modern Catholic Church and scientific studies on the sacrament of marriage and the culture of temporality. The monographic method, the method of source analysis, and content analysis were used. The analysis carried out in this article shows that the sacrament of marriage is a kind of sign of opposition to the culture of temporariness. It reminds us of values such as fidelity, responsibility, and generosity.

Topic: Theology and Canon Law Studies
Subfield: Religious studies
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Performance enhancement of software process models

Software Process Improvement (SPI) is a systematic approach and continuous improvement of software producing organization's ability to produce and deliver quality software within time and budget constraints [1]. In the course of this project, the researcher developed, verified and validated such a model. This paper work presents a fit for use approach to software process improvement model for improve the process overall. This paper work concentrates on improvement in process as well as organization. This model is based on experience on project of software companies. This paper work is covered assessment, software process improvement, factor that influence on software process improvement. The ultimate aim was to develop a model which would be useful in practice for software development companies. This paper work describes the principle of software process improvement and improvement models. The purposed model is a generic model which is beneficial for small firm as well as large firm.

Topic: Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparison of strained SiGe heterostructure-on-insulator (001) and (110) PMOSFETs: C - V characteristics, mobility, and ON current

For the simulations of C -V characteristics and mobilities a homogenous channel HOI PMOS structure is simulated. The thicknesses of the top and bottom oxide are 1 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The thicknesses of the channel stack layers are t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sSi(cap)</sub> = 2 nm, t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sSiGe</sub> = 20 nm, and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sSi</sub> = 4 nm. The thickness of the bulk layer below the bottom oxide is 800 nm. The Ge contents in the strained Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-z</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> layer and in the relaxed Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> virtual substrate are z = 0.46 and y = 0.25, respectively. A uniform donor doping concentration of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> is assumed in in both the channel layers and the bulk Si region. A metal gate contact and an ohmic contact at the bottom of the bulk region are assumed. A bulk bias V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> of 0 V and a constant lattice temperature of 300 K are assumed in all simulations. The simulations are performed for the two interface orientations (001) and (110). The channel directions for the (001) and (110) interface orientations are [110] and [-110], respectively.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cyclin E Associates with the Lipogenic Enzyme ATP-Citrate Lyase to Enable Malignant Growth of Breast Cancer Cells

&lt;p&gt;ACLY downregulation in LMW-E TDCs does not affect the cell cycle.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Table and Figure Legends from Comprehensive &lt;i&gt;Ex Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Genes That Promote Growth Factor Independence and Leukemogenesis

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Tables S1-S4 and Supplementary Figures S1-S13.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Sensory and Nutritional quality of Moringa Oleifera Leaf powder incorporated Multi-millet Ready to Eat (RTE) snack

The present study aimed at developing value-added multi-millet ready to eat (RTE) snacks incorporated with Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) leaf powder (MOLP) with different variations viz.,0%, 5%, 10% 15% and evaluate sensory and nutritional properties. The sensory evaluation revealed that newly formulated 5% MOLP snacks had higher overall sensorial acceptability after control product. Besides, nutritional values also demonstrated that MOLP (15%) incorporated multi millet snacks contained abundant minerals like iron 99.09+ 0.6 mg/kg, zinc 20.27+0.3 mg/kg, calcium 4374+22.7mg/kg. The protein (9.681+0.01g/100g) and antioxidants (230.6+0.46 µg/100 g) content was also significantly (p>0.05) higher compared to control. The results suggested that incorporation of Moringa powder in RTE snacks production could be used to develop functional food with enhanced minerals, protein and antioxidants.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Predicting Crop Yield Productivity Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Comparison of Linear and Non-linear Approaches

Predicting crop yield productivity is crucial for farmers and the agricultural sector to gain insights into crop productivity and returns. With advancements in technology and artificial intelligence, predicting crop yield using machine learning algorithms has become an important innovation. This study aimed to predict crop yield productivity using various machine learning algorithms and techniques. The dataset was sourced from Kaggle, preprocessed, and analyzed using linear algorithms such as Linear Regression, LASSO, and Ridge, as well as non-linear algorithms including SVR, KNN Regressor, and Polynomial Regression. Mean Squared Error (MSE) was computed to evaluate algorithms performance. Comparing the efficacy of linear versus non-linear algorithms on the dataset revealed that non-linear algorithms outperformed linear ones, indicating that the dataset's non-linear nature. Therefore, non-linear machine learning algorithms like SVR, KNN Regressor, and Polynomial Regression were recommended for better accuracy. Among these, KNN Regressor performed the best with an MSE of 0.00025, followed by SVR and Polynomial Regression with MSE values of 0.00142 and 0.0024, respectively.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cyclic Modules over End(VD ) Whose Endomorphism Ring Is an Ultrapower of D

Let VD be an infinite dimensional right vector space and put R = End(VD ). If B is a basis of V, to each free ultrafilter A https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429187605/d46d5034-f914-41b4-a96f-9f0731bff786/content/eq2638.tif"/> on B is associated a left ideal M of R. It is proved that the endomorphism ring End R (R/M) of the left cyclic R-module R/M is isomorphic to the ultraproduct DB / A https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429187605/d46d5034-f914-41b4-a96f-9f0731bff786/content/eq2639.tif"/> .

Topic: Rings, Modules, and Algebras
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Positive Outcomes of Inpatient Rehabilitation in a Snake Bite Patient with Pulmonary Complications: A Case Report

Snake bites are a common medical emergency and workplace danger, particularly in tropical India, where farming is a key source of income. We report case of 55 year old female patient reported to medicine department on 25\09\2021 with an alleged history of snake bite over her right ankle in evening when she was the working in the farm. She undergone 2 weeks of In-hospital rehabilitation along with medical management and had shown positive outcomes. This case report’s purpose was to focus on the significance of prompt surgical treatment and essential physiotherapy rehabilitation to attain the functional goals with to respect to patient and its prognosis.

Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI 1915

Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915 Diversinervus elegans sp.n.: SILVESTRI 1915a: 258 (biology), 302 (fig. 57), 303 (typus generis, figs 58.1-10), 304 (description ♀ ♁, biology, Nefasit). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: GAHAN & FAGAN 1923: 48 (world catalogue generotypes Chalcidoidea). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: COMPERE 1931a: 234 (key ♀), 235 (key ♁), 241 (taxonomy, description ♀ ♁, biology, Asmara, Ez’Taclesan = Adi Tekelezan, Giglasciu = Ghescinascim, Nefasit), 243 (figs 3a, b). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: COMPERE 1931b: 249 (biology, Asmara, Ez’Taclesan = Adi Tekelezan, Giglasciu = Ghescinascim, Nefasit). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: COMPERE 1938: 323 (key ♀). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: FULMEK 1943: 75 (world host-parasitoid catalogue). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: THOMPSON 1944: 103 (world host-parasitoid catalogue), 131 (world parasitoid-host catalogue). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: BOSCH et al. 1955: 55 (biology, Hamasien plateau (Asmara, Ghescinascim) and eastern escarpement). Diversinervis elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: DE LOTTO & NASTASI 1955: not seen Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: THOMPSON 1955: 247 (world host-parasitoid catalogue). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: ANNECKE & INSLEY 1971: 11 (catalogue Afrotropical region). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: PRINSLOO 1983: 8 (parasitoid-host catalogue Afrotropical region), 25 (host-parasitoid catalogue Afrotropical region). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: ABATE 1991: 13 (parasitoid-host catalogue Ethiopia: Ethiopia = Eritrea). Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI, 1915: NOYES & HAYAT 1994: 401 (app. 2: host-parasitoid catalogue Encyrtidae used in biological control). H o s t: Hemiptera, Coccidae: Saissetia oleae (OLIVIER, 1791) (COMPERE 1931b, BOSCH et al. 1955). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Adi Tekelezan, Asmara, Ghescinascim, Nefasit. Diversinervus elegans, which is recorded from all zoogeographical regions, is also known from Angola, Kenya and South Africa and the Arabian peninsula (Saudi Arabia).

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comprehensive validation of Novel analytical Techniques: Assessing Robustness, precision, accuracy, and linearity for reliable pharmaceutical analysis

The growing intricacy of pharmaceutical formulations requires the creation and validation of innovative analytical methods to guarantee quality, effectiveness, and safety. This research focuses on the thorough validation of novel analytical techniques designed for pharmaceutical analysis, assessing their robustness, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The robustness was evaluated by implementing intentional changes in experimental parameters, hence validating the method's dependability across various settings. Precision was assessed by repeatability and intermediate precision experiments, producing consistent findings with little fluctuation. The accuracy was assessed by recovery trials at various concentration levels, showing the method's potential to provide findings near the real values. Linearity was assessed throughout a specified concentration range, confirming a straight proportional link between analyte concentration and response. The verified techniques were used for the quantitative analysis of intricate pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating their relevance in practical applications. The results emphasize the need of stringent validation processes to maintain analytical reliability and regulatory adherence.

Topic: Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparing Novel and Existing Measures of Sensitivity to Physical Activity Among People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Objectives: Increasing pain during physical activity is an important, but often poorly assessed, barrier to engaging in activity-based rehabilitation among people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Preliminary work has addressed this problem by developing new clinical measures of sensitivity to physical activity (SPA). Indices of SPA are generated by evaluating how pain changes in relation to brief physical tasks. Three strategies have been identified for structuring SPA-related physical tasks (self-paced, standardized, and tailored). This cross-sectional study aimed to comparatively estimate the extent of the 3 SPA tasks’ evoked pain responses, predictive value of pain severity and pain interference, and their underlying psychological and sensory constructs, among 116 adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Materials and Methods: Testing included questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing, and the 3 SPA measures (self-paced, standardized, and tailored). The primary analysis estimated the predictive value of each SPA measure for pain severity and pain interference. Correlational analyses were first conducted between all variables of interest to determine what variables will be included in the hierarchical regression analysis, which in turn was conducted for each outcome. Results: Analyses revealed that the tailored SPA index was most effective at evoking activity-related pain, was uniquely associated with temporal summation of pain, and was a unique predictor of pain and pain-related interference, even when controlling for established psychological and sensory risk factors. Discussion: This study further emphasizes SPA as an important and unique attribute of the pain experience and reveals the added value of using a tailored approach to assess SPA.

Topic: Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth‐age scale: Methods and results

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) depth‐age scale is presented based on a multiparameter continuous count approach, to a depth of 2800 m, using a systematic combination of parameters that have never been used to this extent before. The ice at 2800 m is dated at 110,000 years B.P. with an estimated error ranging from 1 to 10% in the top 2500 m of the core and averaging 20% between 2500 and 2800 m. Parameters used to date the core include visual stratigraphy, oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice, electrical conductivity measurements, laser‐light scattering from dust, volcanic signals, and major ion chemistry. GISP2 ages for major climatic events agree with independent ages based on varve chronologies, calibrated radiocarbon dates, and other techniques within the combined uncertainties. Good agreement also is obtained with Greenland Ice Core Project ice core dates and with the SPECMAP marine timescale after correlation through the δ 18 O of O 2 . Although the core is deformed below 2800 m and the continuity of the record is unclear, we attempted to date this section of the core on the basis of the laser‐light scattering of dust in the ice.

Topic: Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences