jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Repeated Restraint Stress Increases Baseline Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Chronic moderate stress contributes to hypertension in susceptible humans, but this has proven difficult to model in animals. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) become hypertensive with age and have exaggerated responses to psychological stress. We hypothesized that SHR would be susceptible to chronic moderate stress‐induced hypertension. Arterial pressure was measured by radiotelemetry in control (n=8) and chronically stressed (1hr restraint stress per day during the light period, 6 days a week for 4 wks, n=8) SHR. The average increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during restraint was not significantly different (P=0.09) on the first (35±3 mmHg) and final days (32±3) mmHg of restraint. Baseline MAP during the dark period, not directly influenced by stress responses, was elevated in both control and stressed rats with time, but the increase was significantly greater (P&lt;0.05) in the stressed (12±2 mmHg) compared with the unstressed (4±1 mmHg p&lt;0.05) rats. In contrast, nighttime heart rate was not affected by chronic stress. Parallel with the elevation in MAP, preliminary data indicate that microglia activation within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus increased significantly in stressed rats, suggesting involvement of neuroimmune mechanisms in stress‐induced hypertension. Supported by NIH #HL93186 (MPI)

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Venous thromboembolism to the heart: A case report and review of treatment

Venous thromboembolism to the heart is a rare and often fatal condition that is now being recognized more frequently owing to the widespread use of two-dimensional echocardiography. Death may be due to embolic obstruction of the tricuspid or the pulmonary valves, or to further migration of the embolus to the pulmonary arteries. The incidence of early recurrent pulmonary embolism is high. When used as primary treatment, medical treatment (anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy) failed in eight of 13 reported cases. Only one of eight patients died when surgical embolectomy was undertaken. We believe that an echocardiographic diagnosis of venous thromboembolism to the heart is sufficient evidence to warrant urgent surgical embolectomy. An undue delay in definitive treatment is often fatal.

Topic: Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Internal Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Decoupled Scheme to Solve the Mass and Momentum Conservation Equations of the Improved Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer Framework in Matrix Acidization

Matrix acidization simulation is a challenging task in the study of flows in porous media, due to the changing porosity in the procedure. The improved DBF framework is one model to do this simulation, and its numerical scheme discretises the mass and momentum conservation equations together to form a pressure-velocity linear system. However, this linear system can only be solved by direct solvers to solve for pressure and velocity simultaneously, since zeros appear in the diagonal of the coefficient matrix. Considering the large-scale attribute of matrix acidization simulation, the solving time of direct solvers is not intolerant. Thus, a decoupled scheme is proposed in this work to decouple the coupled pressure-velocity linear system into two independent linear systems: one is to solve for pressure, and the other one is to solve for velocity. Both of the new linear systems can be solved by parallel and iterative solvers, which guarantees the large-scale simulation can be finished in a reasonable time period. A numerical experiment is carried out to demonstrate the correctness of the decoupled scheme and its higher computing efficiency.

Topic: Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of gonadotropins on steroidogenesis by large follicle buffalo granulosa cells under in vitro serum-free conditions

The study was made to examine the effects of FSH and LH on estradiol–17β and progesterone production by large follicle derived buffalo granulosa cells cultured under completely serum-free conditions. Granulosa cells (3×105) from large (&gt;9 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for 24 h in 48-well plates coated with 3.3μg/cm2 fibronectin in DMEM: Nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (1:1 ratio) supplemented with 10-7 M androstenedione, 5 mg/ml human apo-transferrin and 0.1% BSA, in the presence or absence of FSH or LH (1 to 64 ng/ml each). FSH had no effect on estradiol-17β output but at 4 and 8 ng/ml increased progesterone secretion by granulosa cells. All doses of LH tested had stimulatory effect on estradiol-17β while progesterone secretion by granulosa cells was unaffected.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessing the Stability and Generality of Ontological Confusions

Ontology is the study of how people classify entities in the world. People use ontological categories to attribute properties to the entities subsumed by those categories (Slotta et al., 1995). For instance, entities like "dogs" and "flowers" are subsumed by the ontological category "living things" and are thus attributed properties true of living things (e.g., needs food, needs air, grows, reproduces, dies) in addition to properties true only of those entities. Empirical research on ontological knowledge has only focused on one domain at a time, such as factual knowledge about the physical sciences (McCloskey, 1983; Reiner et al., 2000; Wiser, 2002), superstition and rational thinking (Lindeman &amp; Aarnio, 2007), or religious beliefs (Barrett &amp; Keil, 1996; Shtulman, 2008), with each case using different materials and measures. The present study attempted to shed light on the occurrence of ontological confusion across multiple domains and two different response types. Participants (n=49) completed a two-part questionnaire in which their beliefs about five entities (plants, God, heat, force, and rainstorms) were explicitly assessed using a closed ended property attribution task and implicitly assessed by an open ended paraphrasing task. The results found that participants? scores on God did not match with their scores on the other entities, indicating that ontological confusion about God is unique when compared to ontological confusion about the other four entities.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A standard set of polymorphic microsatellites for threatened mountain ungulates (Caprini, Artiodactyla)

Abstract Nearly 70% of the world's mountain ungulate taxa are endangered. The availability of a standard set of DNA markers for forensic and molecular ecology studies would help to establish conservation programs and detect poaching activities of these endangered taxa. We tested 60 published microsatellite primer pairs from bovids (cattle, sheep and goat) on 49 individuals from 11 taxa including six wild goat‐like species ( Capra spp.), three divergent wild sheep ( Ovis spp.), and two chamois ( Rupicapra spp.) species. Approximately 30 microsatellites amplified a microsatellite‐like PCR product in all three genera, and with the exception of ILST097, nearly all the loci were polymorphic within most of the 11 species.

Topic: Genetic diversity and population structure
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Identifying, analysing and aligning "the dream" with vocational preparation: An investigation into first-year music undergraduate career aspirations and motivations

As parent universities strive to produce work-ready graduates, tertiary music institutions are beginning to respond by changing their offerings. Consequently, vocational preparation, work integrated learning (WIL) and service-learning courses are becoming increasingly prevalent. For the majority of institutions, these are offered in the latter years of students' undergraduate Bachelor of Music and Music Technology degrees. Some critics consider this is too late. Rather, exploration of what it means to be a musician needs to be encountered early in the degree in order to optimally maximise and engage with undergraduate training. In Australia, it is debatable whether young commencing students are generally ready to accept the realities of the music industry and/or supportive of vocation training. Traditional career goals such as orchestral employment are becoming less realistic, reducing linear career options yet some tertiary music institutions with curricula aligned to these employment outcomes continue to thrive. To explore this phenomenon beyond the argument of demographics, population and arts policy, an entire first year Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Technology cohort was asked about their vocational ambitions. As "The Dream" is the initial inspiration for short-term and long-term music career motivation, this paper will identify, explore and define 94 first-year undergraduate students' career aspirations. Intrinsic/extrinsic motivations, perceptions of required career skills and role models are additionally scrutinized. The findings of this study may serve as a guide for music institutions wishing to integrate similar programmes into the first year of their undergraduate Bachelor of Music degrees. Key words: music, vocation preparation, career aspirations, career theory, curriculum design.

Topic: Higher Education and Employability
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“National Homeland”

The Balfour Declaration committed the world's most powerful and wealthy nation to aid in the imposition of a “homeland” formed from the mass immigration of a diversely foreign people united by a single religion, on an existing, utterly different culture. Chaim Weizmann shared Theodor Herzl's belief that a Jewish “homeland” could only be formed with the strong support of a powerful nation, and in the need to shape its future reality. Patrick Geddes himself believed he offered a vision of how a national homeland could create and embody the essence of Jewish culture. The Passfield White Paper also published in October 1930, updated British policy in Palestine from Churchill's 1922 paper. It emphasized the dual obligation of the Mandate to both Arab and Jewish interests. Arieh Sharon was born in Poland, and as a 20-year-old immigrated to Palestine, working for several years on the kibbutz Gan Shmuel near Haifa, which he designed and helped build.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synergistic Effect of Simultaneous versus Sequential Combined Treatment of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid with Etoposide on Melanoma Cells

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, which is intrinsically resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Combination therapy has been developed to overcome this challenge and show synergistic anticancer effects on melanoma. Notably, the histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), has been indicated as a potential sensitizer of chemotherapy drugs on various metastatic cancers, including advanced melanoma. In this study, we explored whether VPA could serve as an effective sensitizer of chemotherapy drug etoposide (ETO) on B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2-Luc melanoma cell lines in response to drug-induced DNA damages. Our results demonstrated that the VPA-ETO simultaneous combined treatment and ETO pretreated sequential combined treatment generated higher inhibitory effectivities than the individual treatment of each drug. We found the VPA-ETO simultaneous combined treatment contributed to the synergistic inhibitory effect by the augmented DNA double-strand breaks, accompanied by a compromised homologous recombination activity. In comparison, the ETO pretreated sequential combined treatment led to synergistic inhibitory effect via enhanced apoptosis. Surprisingly, the enhanced homologous recombination activity and G2/M phase arrest resulted in the antagonistic effect in both cells under VPA pretreated sequential combined treatment. In summary, our findings suggested that sequential order and effective dose of drug administration in VPA-ETO combination therapy could induce different cellular responses in melanoma cells. Such understanding might help potentiate the effectiveness of melanoma treatment and highlight the importance of sequential order and effective dose in combination therapy.

Topic: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258221108280 – Supplemental Material for In-silico Studies Calculated a New Chitin Oligomer Binding Site Inside Vicilin: A Potent Antifungal and Insecticidal Agent

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-dos-10.1177_15593258221108280 for In-silico Studies Calculated a New Chitin Oligomer Binding Site Inside Vicilin: A Potent Antifungal and Insecticidal Agent by Ahsan Saeed, Zahra Rafiq, Muhammad Imran, Qamar Saeed, Muhammad Q. Saeed, Zahid Ali, Rana K. Iqbal, Saber Hussain, Binish Khaliq, Sohaib Mehmood and Ahmed Akrem in Dose-Response

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Review of somatic cell nuclear transfer in pig

It is now more than 8 years, since the first cloned pig from nuclear transfer was reported. Success of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pig is still low compared to that in bovine. Embryonic and neonatal abnormalities of cloned piglets are probably a result of incorrect or incomplete reprogramming of the transferred donor cell nuclei. Recently, technical refinements have resulted in a considerable increase of SCNT efficiency. The current level of efficiency is already sufficient for special purposes with high scientific and commercial impact including xenotransplantation, generation of human disease models and for biomedical studies. In this paper, we review current pig cloning methodologies for the technical and potential applications. Key words : Pig, somatic cell, nuclear transfer, oocyte and embryo.

Topic: Animal Genetics and Reproduction
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Resilience evaluation and optimization for an air-ground cooperative network

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;The combat domain of modern warfare is becoming increasingly multidimensional. It is important to evaluate the resilience of the air-ground cooperative network for defending against attack threats and recovery performance. First, a resilience analysis model was proposed to effectively analyze and evaluate the resilience of the air-ground cooperative network. Then, considering the available resources, three dynamic reconfiguration strategies were given from the global perspective to help the air-ground cooperative network quickly recover performance and enhance combat capabilities. Finally, a typical 50-node network was taken as an example to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model. The proposed method can provide scientific guidance for improving the air-ground cooperative network combat capabilities.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Topic: Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diversity Techniques for Interference Mitigation between IEEE 802.11 WLANs and Bluetooth

Wireless LANs (for e.g., IEEE 802.11g) and wireless personal access networks (WPANs) operate in the same 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. In this paper, we consider the techniques to mitigate the interference caused by WPANs (e.g., Bluetooth) on the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. In particular, we consider the downlink where an adjacent Bluetooth device interferes with a WLAN station. We show that a simple frequency diversity scheme makes the IEEE 802.11 WLAN robust to the narrow band interference caused by a Bluetooth device. We also propose an interference cancellation algorithm which estimates the interference and reconstructs the WLAN signal (which is interference free). We compare our scheme with that of the existing architecture. We show that our scheme offers a significant gain compared to the existing architecture. Other techniques like error control coding may also be used for interference mitigation. But, coding does not exploit the inherent frequency diversity gain that we show in this paper. Hence, the performance of our scheme would be much better than what one would expect with coding techniques

Topic: Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Soft-tissue plasmacytomas complicates the course of multiple myeloma (clinical cases)

Extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma occur on the extension of neoplastic plasma cells outside the cortical bone. On the local tumor growth the extramedullary mass are found most commonly in vertebrae, ribs, sternum and skull. Single or multiple malignant mass can be found in the skin, liver, breast, kidney and lymph nodes via hematogenous spread of the malignant plasma cells. Incidence of extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma patients is 7 to 18% at MM diagnosis and up from 2.3 to 20% at relapse or progression. In the last decade, we noted the increase of extramedullary lesions diagnosis at the beginning of the disease that was associated with the wide use of modern x-ray diagnostic methods. Thus, in 2009 the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) recommended undergoing the magnetic resonance imaging scans of the spine and pelvis, especially in the absence of osteolytic lesions according to the results of x-ray study. The results of computer tomography allow more accurately find the localization and the sizes of extramedullary mass. Nowadays, it is widely discussed the advantages of positron emission tomography using not only at the beginning of the disease, but also during the treatment, assessing anti-tumour response. The application of standard therapy in case of extramedullary plasmocytomas at the beginning of MM is associated with the reduction of both overall and progression-free survival. Several articles indicate the high efficiency of the programs including bortezomib, there are also some reports concerning the successful application of lenalidomide and pomalidomide in the treatment of MM associated with presence of extramedullary plasmocytomas.

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Alter Secondary Bile Acid Production and Allow for Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Outgrowth in the Large Intestine

Antibiotics alter the gastrointestinal microbiota, allowing for Clostridium difficile infection, which is a significant public health problem. Changes in the structure of the gut microbiota alter the metabolome, specifically the production of secondary bile acids. Specific bile acids are able to initiate C. difficile spore germination and also inhibit C. difficile growth in vitro , although no study to date has defined physiologically relevant bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we define the bile acids C. difficile spores encounter in the small and large intestines before and after various antibiotic treatments. Antibiotics that alter the gut microbiota and deplete secondary bile acid production allow C. difficile colonization, representing a mechanism of colonization resistance. Multiple secondary bile acids in the large intestine were able to inhibit C. difficile spore germination and growth at physiological concentrations and represent new targets to combat C. difficile in the large intestine.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impact of Design on Force between Flexor Tendons and Distal Radius Volar Plates

Background Flexor tendon injury is a rare but serious complication of distal radius volar plating. Purpose This study aims to determine whether the design of distal radius volar plates impacts the amount of force exerted on the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendons when the plates are placed proximal and distal to the watershed line. Methods Three commercially available plates were applied to 10 fresh, matched-pair upper extremity specimens. Cyclical loading was applied to the tendons, and the force generated between tendon and plate was measured. Linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate differences in maximum and mean forces by plate position, plate design, and the interaction between position and design. Results Forces on the tendons differed significantly by position but not plate design. For the FPL tendon, the average maximum force with a plate in Soong's grade 2 was 4.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–7.3) times higher than when the plate was in a Soong's grade 0 placement, and 4.63 (95% CI: 2.82–7.61) times higher for the FDP tendon. While not statistically significant, lower observed force values with thinner plates when plates were placed distal to the watershed line suggest that that plate thickness could also be a critical plate characteristic for distally placed plates. Conclusion Despite differences in plate design, the main determinant of plate prominence and therefore flexor tendon injury potential is placement in relation to the watershed line. Clinical Relevance This study may help to guide surgeon implant selection and volar plate design.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Practice Libraries: managing printed information and meeting theinformation needs of staff in general practice

Librarians and GPs share an interest in exploring differentapproaches to providing information to general practice and improving information managementwithin it. Describing the aims, policy, collections, enquiries and services of three Practice Librariesin the Aylesbury area, this paper demonstrates that an information professional can make asignificant impact on the management of printed information whilst facilitating access to externalsources. A wealth of opportunities lie ahead for those willing to apply information handling skillsto general practice. Medical librarians will need to strike a careful balance between providingdirect access to sources and the development of information services tailored to meet the needs ofprimary health care workers.

Topic: Health Sciences Research and Education
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Birational Geometry of Blow-ups of Projective Spaces Along Points and Lines

Abstract Consider the blow-up $X$ of ${\mathbb{P}}^3$ at $6$ points in very general position and the $15$ lines through the $6$ points. We construct an infinite-order pseudo-automorphism $\phi _X$ on $X$. The effective cone of $X$ has infinitely many extremal rays and, hence, $X$ is not a Mori Dream Space. The threefold $X$ has a unique anticanonical section, which is a Jacobian K3 Kummer surface $S$ of Picard number 17. The restriction of $\phi _X$ on $S$ realizes one of Keum’s 192 infinite-order automorphisms. We show the blow-up of ${\mathbb{P}}^n$ ($n\geq 3$) at $(n+3)$ very general points and certain $9$ lines through them is not a Mori Dream Space. As an application, for $n\geq 7$, the blow-up of $\overline{M}_{0,n}$ at a very general point has infinitely many extremal effective divisors.

Topic: Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences