jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Distal Symmetric Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: These Two Diabetic Microvascular Complications do not Invariably Co-Exist

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) are serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Their simultaneous development remains disputable. The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between CAN and the presence/severity of DSPN in DM. Methods: Subjects with type 1 (group A: n=51; mean age 40.4 years) and type 2 DM (group B: n=153; mean age 64.6 years) were studied. Evaluation of DSPN was based on neuropathy disability score. Assessment of CAN was based on the battery of 4 standardized cardiovascular autonomic function tests. Results: In group A, patients with moderate/severe DSPN exhibited a 12-fold higher likelihood of CAN in univariate analysis (p=0.035). However, significance was lost after adjustment for gender, age, DM duration, and haemoglobin A1c. In group A, likelihood for CAN did not correlate with the presence of mild DSPN in univariate and multivariate analysis. In group B, likelihood of CAN was similar in patients with mild and in those with moderate/severe DSPN compared with patients without DSPN in univariate and multivariate analysis. In between group comparison CAN was similarly distributed in the 2 groups (p for interaction=0.367), in patients with no, mild and moderate/severe DSPN. Conclusion: CAN does not always co-exist with degrees of DSPN, ranging from mild to moderate/ severe and is similarly distributed in T1DM and T2DM patients with mild and moderate/severe DSPN and in patients without DSPN.

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The United Nations as a source of international legal authority

What are the connections between the United Nations and The Samuel Griffith Society? One is that Australian constitutional lawyers are now examining the relationship between international law and constitutional law. Justice Kirby of the High Court of Australia first argued for the relevance of international law in construing the federal constitutional requirement of "just terms" in compensation for compulsorily acquired property (s. 51(xxxi)). In Newcrest Mining v. Commonwealth in 1997, he stated that in cases of ambiguity in the federal Constitution, "international law is a legitimate and important influence on the development of the common law and constitutional law, especially when international law declares the existence of universal and fundamental rights". The argument for the relevance of international law to constitutional interpretation was pressed in judgments by his Honour again in Kartinyeri v. Commonwealth in 1998, concerning interpretation of the power to legislate in relation to race (s. 51(xv)), and again almost each year subsequently. The argument has generated controversy and has been viewed critically by other High Court Justices. Justices Gummow and Hayne in Kartinyeri, Justices Gleeson, McHugh and Gummow in AMS v. AIF in 1999, and Justice Callinan in Western Australia v. Ward in 2002, each stated that it is inappropriate to apply the principles of international law to constitutional interpretation. In Al-Kateb v. Godwin in 2004, Justice McHugh described the argument as "heretical". Controversy concerning the relevance of international law to constitutional law is erupting also in other constitutionally and democratically governed States. In the USA, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg of the federal Supreme Court aroused public criticism for her 2003 address to the American Constitutional Law Society, which advocated a similar deference to international law in constitutional interpretation. However, her argument has since been supported by at least two other Supreme Court justices in the USA. Back in Australia, in legal fields beyond constitutional law, such as human rights law, environmental law and commercial law, questions concerning the role of international law are evident. They range from questions concerning the predominance of the Executive in treaty-making, to the wide legislative powers that treaties vest in Parliament, to the latitude available to judges when employing international law in the application of legislation and common law.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic Phasors in Modeling and Analysis of Unbalanced Polyphase Ac Machines

The paper describes a novel approach to dynamical modeling of asymmetries in electric machines and polyphase systems (e.g., the ones caused by unbalanced supply waveforms). The proposed technique is a polyphase generalization of the dynamic phasor approach from power electronics and electric drives. The technique is applicable to nonlinear models, and offers distinct advantages in modeling, simulation, and control with respect to standard time-domain models. In a steady state, the dynamic phasors reduce to standard phasors from ac circuit theory. We performed experiments and simulations involving a three-phase induction motor and a three-phase synchronous permanent magnet motor, and we demonstrate that models based on dynamic phasors provide very accurate descriptions of observed transients. In a steady state, our approach yields improved equivalent circuits that contain coupling between the positive and negative sequence subcircuits.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Early Education Program Racial and Ethnic Composition and Associations with Quality and Children’s Language and Social-Emotional Development

This study identified patterns of classroom and family experiences and developmental outcomes for young children in segregated early education. This study is based on data from a high-quality early education program serving young children from low-income households in 19 schools across the U.S. The sample included 1,521 children during the 2016–2017 school year. The analysis examined patterns of association between the racial/ethnic composition of Educare sites and family risk factors, classroom quality, and children's language and social-emotional performance and growth across the academic year. Research Findings: Findings indicated that although classroom quality, measured through traditional tools, did not vary by school racial/ethnic composition, sociodemographic risk factors, children's language and social-emotional outcomes did vary by this variable. Practice or Policy: We discuss our results in relation to promotive and inhibitive processed within and outside early education programs, as well as the continued impact of structural equities and lack of culturally responsive pedagogy on children's learning opportunities and development.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiple Memory Shape Memory Alloys

Abstract Until now, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been largely limited to “remembering” a single memory. In other words, monolithic components only possess a single set of functional properties. The current work describes how theorized change to local chemical composition induced through laser processing enables controlled augmentation of transformation temperatures. Proof of concept was demonstrated by locally embedding multiple shape memories into a monolithic NiTi component. This novel technique overcomes traditional fabrication challenges and promises to enhance SMA functionality and facilitate novel applications through producing a new class of smart materials; namely multiple memory materials (MMMs).

Topic: Shape Memory Alloy Transformations
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
“Nobody Wants to Be an Outsider”: From Diversity Management to Diversity Engagement

This article develops an analysis of diversity in two ways. We start with a theoretical discussion of the ways in which diversity has been approached within psychology, showing the competing arguments that have been developed that connect diversity, community, and multiculturalism. We show that not only are there psychological consequences to contemporary experiences of increased diversity but also that fundamental psychological capacities—such as self‐consciousness, identity, and dialogue—actually stem from the experience of diversity. This has important implications for diversity management policies. The second part of the article gives an empirical illustration of how diversity is experienced in schools across England drawing on 13 interviews with senior staff and 11 focus groups with pupils aged between 12 and 14 years old. We discuss three themes related to experiences of diversity: (1) from difference to diversity, (2) real and imagined mobility across communities, and (3) collaborative practices, projects, and knowledge. What the empirical examples show is that critically engaging with diversity can be a more productive project than practices which construct diversity in terms of distinct groups that need respect and tolerance. Hence we argue approaches that promote engaging with diversity rather than traditional diversity management are more in line with foundational psychological insights as well as empirical research findings.

Topic: Parental Involvement in Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Komplexen des Typs <i>cis</i>‐(RCN)<sub>3</sub>M(CO)<sub>3</sub> (M = Cr, M, W)

Abstract Metal complexes of the type cis ‐(RCN) 3 M(CO) 3 (M = Cr, Mo, W) have been prepared by different methods starting with M(CO) 6 or, more conveniently, with substituted derivatives of the metal hexacarbonyls. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that the strength of the nitrile‐to‐metal bond in cis ‐(RCN) 3 M(CO) 3 is only sligthly influenced by the R group. The chromium compounds cis ‐(RCN) 3 Cr(CO) 3 may be used as starting materials for the preparation of hexaalkylborazine‐chromium‐tricarbonyls.

Topic: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Use of pedicled omentum in oesophagogastric anastomosis: analysis of 100 cases.

According to reports from our country, leakage occurs in about 5% of oesophagogastric anastomoses despite the numerous improvements in operative techniques, including methods of anastomosis in recent years. From October 1979 to May 1984, 128 cases of oesophageal or gastric cardiac cancer were operated on, and pedicled omentum was used to reinforce the oesophagogastric anastomosis in 100 cases, without any postoperative anastomotic leakage.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Complement-Fixation with the Type-Specific Carbohydrate of Hemophilus Influenzae Type b

Summary Complement-fixation takes place in a system containing the purified specific carbohydrate of H. influenzae Type b in the presence of immune rabbit serum of the homologous type. In contrast to the positive results in the presence of immune rabbit serum, there is no fixation of complement in a similar system containing the same carbohydrate in the presence of immune horse serum. Similar results were obtained with suspensions of encapsulated H. influenzae providing that the structural integrity of the capsules was maintained throughout the tests.

Topic: Hemoglobin structure and function
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE ROLE OF THE KIDNEY IN THE REGULATION OF PLASMA CALCIUM

Parathyroid hormone increases calcium absorption from the gut, increases calcium resorption from bone and increases tubular reabsorption of calcium by the kidney. These actions of parathyroid hormone all result in a rise in blood calcium. This rise in calcium concentration subsequently inhibits hormone secretion by the parathyroid glands. Such a negative feed-back mechanism maintains the blood calcium within narrow limits in the face of fluctuations in calcium intake utilisation and loss.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Boro rice procurement in Bangladesh: Implications for policy

“Boro” is the dry season irrigated rice crop planted from December to early February and harvested between April and June. In 2018/2019, the total production of rice in Bangladesh was 36,391,000 (36.4 million) metric tons (MT), of which boro rice accounted for 53.8 percent; aman rice, 38.6 percent; and aus rice, 7.6 percent. In 2019, paddy prices in Bangladesh were depressed due to a bumper harvest of the boro rice crop. Average paddy price was Tk 17.42 per kg in January 2019 after the aman harvest, but declined by 22 percent to Tk 13.56 per kg in May 2019 (DAM 2020). Farmers complained that they did not receive price support from the Government when paddy prices did not cover their production costs.\nIn response to this situation, the USAID-funded Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program (PRSSP) implemented by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) actively engaged in policy dialogues, and the media extensively covered IFPRI’s analysis and policy recommendations on this issue. On 20 May 2019, the IFPRI Country Representative presented policy options on how to improve farmers’ situation, as related to the low paddy price issue, during a policy seminar at the Agricultural Policy Support Unit (APSU) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. On 11 June 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture requested IFPRI-PRSSP to conduct a study jointly with APSU to assess the paddy price issue. IFPRI agreed to carry out the study. The objectives of this study are to (1) assess to what extent boro farmers were able to sell their paddy to the Government at the announced procurement price; (2) evaluate the efficacy of the direct paddy procurement from farmers by the Government, in order to help farmers overcome low paddy prices in the future; and (3) examine ways to improve the foodgrain procurement system.\nThis report presents IFPRI’s study findings and identifies policy options to address the study objectives.\n

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
FDA Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) Microarray: a Pangenome Molecular Toolbox for Serotyping, Virulence Profiling, Molecular Epidemiology, and Phylogeny

ABSTRACT Most Escherichia coli strains are nonpathogenic. However, for clinical diagnosis and food safety analysis, current identification methods for pathogenic E. coli either are time-consuming and/or provide limited information. Here, we utilized a custom DNA microarray with informative genetic features extracted from 368 sequence sets for rapid and high-throughput pathogen identification. The FDA Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) platform contains three sets of molecularly informative features that together stratify strain identification and relatedness. First, 53 known flagellin alleles, 103 alleles of wzx and wzy , and 5 alleles of wzm provide molecular serotyping utility. Second, 41,932 probe sets representing the pan-genome of E. coli provide strain-level gene content information. Third, approximately 125,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of available whole-genome sequences (WGS) were distilled to 9,984 SNPs capable of recapitulating the E. coli phylogeny. We analyzed 103 diverse E. coli strains with available WGS data, including those associated with past foodborne illnesses, to determine robustness and accuracy. The array was able to accurately identify the molecular O and H serotypes, potentially correcting serological failures and providing better resolution for H-nontypeable/nonmotile phenotypes. In addition, molecular risk assessment was possible with key virulence marker identifications. Epidemiologically, each strain had a unique comparative genomic fingerprint that was extended to an additional 507 food and clinical isolates. Finally, a 99.7% phylogenetic concordance was established between microarray analysis and WGS using SNP-level data for advanced genome typing. Our study demonstrates FDA-ECID as a powerful tool for epidemiology and molecular risk assessment with the capacity to profile the global landscape and diversity of E. coli . IMPORTANCE This study describes a robust, state-of-the-art platform developed from available whole-genome sequences of E. coli and Shigella spp. by distilling useful signatures for epidemiology and molecular risk assessment into one assay. The FDA-ECID microarray contains features that enable comprehensive molecular serotyping and virulence profiling along with genome-scale genotyping and SNP analysis. Hence, it is a molecular toolbox that stratifies strain identification and pathogenic potential in the contexts of epidemiology and phylogeny. We applied this tool to strains from food, environmental, and clinical sources, resulting in significantly greater phylogenetic and strain-specific resolution than previously reported for available typing methods.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 1 from Lipoxin A&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and Its Analogue Suppress the Tumor Growth of Transplanted H22 in Mice: The Role of Antiangiogenesis

Supplementary Figure 1 from Lipoxin A&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and Its Analogue Suppress the Tumor Growth of Transplanted H22 in Mice: The Role of Antiangiogenesis

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Induced aquation of ligandopentaaminecobalt(III) complexes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInduced aquation of ligandopentaaminecobalt(III) complexesWarren L. Reynolds and Earl R. AltonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 12, 3355–3357Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50190a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50190a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Meniscus transplantation in skeletally immature patients

Meniscal pathology in skeletally immature patients includes meniscal tears and discoid lateral meniscus. Total or subtotal meniscectomy may occur in patients with discoid lateral meniscus or severe meniscal tears. Meniscal transplantation may be an option in skeletally immature patients status after total or subtotal meniscectomy with knee symptoms or dysfunction. This study focuses on the surgical technique and short-term outcomes of meniscus transplantation in skeletally immature patients. We reviewed our clinical database for skeletally immature patients who had undergone meniscus transplantation with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patients were contacted, invited for a physical exam, and asked to complete a Pedi-IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner outcomes questionnaire. The study protocol was approved by the responsible institutional review board. Three patients (two females/one male) were eligible for the study, each of whom responded to our invitation indicating availability for physical exam and questionnaire. Two patients had undergone subtotal discoid meniscus resection, leading to early lateral compartment degeneration. One patient developed advanced degeneration after a delay in treatment for a medial bucket-handle tear associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 12.6±2.3 years. At a mean follow-up of 31±20 months, the mean Pedi-IKDC score was 68.3±4, the mean Lysholm was 55.7±22.3, and the median Tegner was 7 points. There were no indications of growth deformity during the regular postoperative radiological assessments. One patient required subsequent lysis of adhesions along the lateral mini arthrotomy and mobilization under anesthesia. The other two patients were able to return to sports at the same level as before meniscus transplantation and were able to do so within 9 months postoperatively. Over-resection of discoid menisci as well as untreated meniscus injury, the latter typically in conjunction with ligamentous instability, can lead to advanced cartilage degeneration and recalcitrant complaints necessitating surgical treatment before skeletal maturity. We were able to show that meniscus transplantation in skeletally immature patients leads to acceptable clinical outcomes without growth deviation. Level of Evidence: IV.

Topic: Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research on Control Strategy of Servo Motor Used to Drive High Voltage Circuit Breaker

Motor-drive high voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) is becoming a research hotspot because of the high mechanical reliability, the controllability of the whole process of movement, and the potential to realize intelligence. However, the application in high voltage level is constrained due to the requirement of large energy output within a short period. To increase motor torque, improve torque utilization and reduce consumption of hardware resource, the simplified algorithm of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) is proposed in this paper. For this reason, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced, and the exact algorithm of MTPA and the simplified one are derived respectively. The adams/simulink co-simulation model of HVCB driven by servo motor is established and the experiment platform is built in order to verify the effectiveness of the simplified MTPA(S-MTPA),. The conclusion that the control accuracy of S-MTPA can meet the requirements of HVCB is proved by the results of simulation and experiment.

Topic: Sensorless Control of Electric Motors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences