jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutritional, microbial and physicochemical changes in pear juice under ultrasound and commercial pasteurization during storage

In this study, the microbial and nutritional aspects of pear juice with conventional or ultrasound (US) treatment during storage at 4 °C were studied. The conventional pasteurization was 95 °C for 5 min while US-pasteurizations (frequency 30 kHz, amplitude 70%) were 25, 45, and 65 °C for 10 min, under a probe sonicator (750 W). Control, US25 and US45 had shelf lives of 9, 12, and 15 days respectively. Ascorbic acid, total phenols, total anti oxidant capacity, and cloud value decreased in all treatments while pH, acidity, and sugars remained stable. Both treatments (P95 and US65) remained viable after 21 days of storage, however, loss of bioactive compounds in P95 (16.39%) was significantly higher than that of US65 (7.44%), indicating US-pasteurization a promising pear juice processing technology at low temperature, retaining bioactive compounds, meeting safety standards, and increasing shelf life. Practical applications Complete microbial and enzymatic deactivation is achieved at commercial thermal pasteurization techniques, but these elevated temperatures cause losses in nutritional and sensory attributes of the end product. While microbial and enzymatic deactivation in pear juice was achieved at lower temperature using thermosonication in the present study. The low temperature pasteurizations exhibited higher retention and availability of bioactive compounds than the traditional high temperature pasteurizations over the studied shelf life period. The findings of the study would pave way for the commercial processing of pear juice with improved quality and shelf life.

Topic: Microbial Inactivation Methods
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines; Frequency of Side Effects and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics among Medical Students

Objective: To find out the side effects of vaccines of COVID-19 and its association with sociodemographic factors among students of medical colleges of Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross sectional analytic study. Place and Duration of Study: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from May to Aug 2022 among medical students of three Medical Colleges (AMC, FUMC, RMC) in Rawalpindi Pakistan. Methodology: There were 200 participants that were conveniently selected with the Rao soft sample size calculator. Avalidated questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS (v:26) was used to analyze the data. Chi square analysis was used to assess the relationship between side effects and demographic characteristics and a p-value of 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Majority of the participants were male 126(63%) and unmarried 182(94%). The mean age of the participants was 20 years (SD=1.4). Almost all were vaccinated 197(98.5%) with two doses 195(97.5%). The side effects after the first dose were more profound as compared to the second dose, like normal pain 133(66.5%), tenderness at injection site 69(34.5%), fever 65(32.5%) and fatigue 80(40%). Muscular pains were also documented to be pronounced after the administration of first dose 58(29%). Association analysis showed significant association between first dose side effects, normal pain(p=0.001), tenderness (p=0.004), redness (p=0.02) and fatigue (p=0.02) with gender variable. Whereas age and degree socio demographic variables reported significant association with first dose side effects, normal pain (p=0.04) and muscle pain (p=0.01), respectively. Conclusion: It was conclusive that adverse effects were more common and more severe after the first dose than after the second. The most frequent side effect was normal pain at the injection site, found more frequently in men, with muscular pain being noticeably worse after the first dosage and surprisingly minimal following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccination.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Propositional Dynamic Logic with Program Quantifiers

We consider an extension QPDL of Segerberg-Pratt's Propositional Dynamic Logic PDL, with program quantification, and study its expressive power and complexity. A mild form of program quantification is obtained in the calculus μPDL, extending PDL with recursive procedures (i.e. context free programs), which is known to be Π11-complete. The unrestricted program quantification we consider leads to complexity equivalent to that of second-order logic (and second-order arithmetic), i.e. outside the analytical hierarchy. However, the deterministic variant of QPDL has complexity Π11.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Denitrobaculum tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium from coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, curved rod-shaped bacterium, designed strain R148 T was isolated from a coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp. collected from Weizhou island, PR China. The optimal growth of R148 T occurred at 25 °C, pH 8–9 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl on the basis of amended marine broth 2216. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. The only detected respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unidentified ninhydrin-positive lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω7 c , C 16 : 1 ω7 c , C 19 : 0 cyclo 9, 10 DMA and C 18 : 0 . The results of 16S rRNA gene-based global alignment indicated that the closest neighbour of strain R148 T was Pelagibius litoralis DSM 21314 T (93.1 % similarity), the second is Limibacillus halophilus KCTC 42420 T (92.2 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that R148 T forms a distinct branch in the robust clade of R148 T and P. litoralis DSM 21314 T , while the taxonomic position of this clade in the family Rhodospirillaceae is ambiguous among phylogenetic approaches. The low 16S rRNA gene similarity and distinct polar lipid and cellular fatty acid profile could readily distinguish R148 T from closely related type strains. So R148 T is suggested to represent a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Denitrobaculum tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R148 T (=MCCC 1K03781 T =KCTC 72137 T ).

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ELEPHANT: ExtragaLactic alErt Pipeline for Hostless AstroNomical Transients

Context. Transient astronomical events that exhibit no discernible association with a host galaxy are commonly referred to as hostless. These rare phenomena are associated with extremely energetic events, and they can offer unique insights into the properties and evolution of stars and galaxies. However, the sheer number of transients captured by contemporary high-cadence astronomical surveys renders the manual identification of all potential hostless transients impractical. Therefore, creating a systematic identification tool is crucial for studying these elusive events. Aims. We present the ExtragaLactic alErt Pipeline for Hostless AstroNomical Transients (ELEPHANT), a framework for filtering hostless transients in astronomical data streams. Methods. We used Fink to access all the ZTF alerts produced between January/2022 and December/2023, selecting only those associated with extragalactic transients. We then processed the associated stamps using a sequence of image analysis techniques to retrieve hostless candidates. Results. We find that less than 2% of all analyzed transients are potentially hostless. Among them, approximately 10% have a spectroscopic class reported on TNS, with Type Ia supernova being the most common class, followed by SLSN. Among the hostless candidates retrieved by our pipeline, there was SN 2018ibb, which has been proposed to be a PISN candidate; and SN 2022ann, one of only five known SNe Icn. When no class is reported on TNS, the dominant classes are QSO and SN candidates, the former obtained from SIMBAD and the latter inferred using the Fink ML classifier. Conclusions. ELEPHANT represents an effective strategy to filter extragalactic events within large and complex astronomical alert streams. There are many applications for which this pipeline will be useful, ranging from transient selection for follow-up to studies of transient environments.

Topic: Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Cerebellar Vermis and Fastigial Nucleus Control of Eye Movements.

Clinical and experimental reports have shown the functional role of the cerebellum in saccadic eye movement, and clinical tests in patients with cerebellar disorder have suggested that cerebellar function controlled the accuracy of saccadic eye movement in direction, amplitude and targetting. Therefore, participation of the cerebellum in eyemovement control was inferred from the effect of vermal and fastigial stimulation and from recordings of saccade-related activity form vermal lobules VI and VII (oculomotor vermis) and the fastigial nucleus (caudal part, fastigial oculomotor region, FOR).Saccades evoked by microstimulation of the oculomotor vermis resulted from the activation of purkinje cells and their axons and movement toward the ipsilateral direction was evoked. Saccades evoked by stimulations the dorsal part of the fastigial nucleus were also in the ipsilateral direction and were suppressed by bicuculline. These saccades were induced by stimulations the axons of purkinje cells arising from the oculomotor vermis. Saccades evoked from the ventral part were in the contralateral direction, and were induced by direct stimulation of fastigial neurons. Saccades were the result of activating purkinje cells, indicating that signals of stimulation are transmitted via the fastigial nucleus. These purkinje cells and fastigial neurons received the same mossy fiber inputs with relation to saccades. Neural recordings from the oculomotor vermis and FOR suggested that these areas controlled saccades in the direction contralateral to the amplitude and ipsilateral to the ending saccades.

Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplemental Tables 1-5 and Figures 1-2 from Increased and Mistimed Sex Hormone Production in Night Shift Workers

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1-5 and Figures 1-2. Supplemental Table 1. Inter-assay precision of the GC-MS method for each sex hormone calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) after analyzing 15 replicates (3 replicates in 5 different days). Supplemental Table 2. Estimated geometric mean (GM), geometric mean ratio ratio (GMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 24-h mean metabolite levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in night workers compared to day workers in premenopausal women (n=32) by menstrual cycle. Supplemental Table 3. Peak time (acrophase) of metabolite production (hh:mm) in day and night workers among men and women (geometric mean (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) Supplemental Table 4. Correlations between 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and sex hormone 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in all subjects, men and women (Pearson correlation coefficients). Supplemental Table 5. Correlations between 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and sex hormones 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in all, day and night workers (Pearson correlation coefficients). Supplemental Figure 1. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) used for the selections of confounders for the association between night shift work and urinary sex steroid metabolites. Supplemental Figure 2. Scatterplots and correlation coefficients (r) between log-tranformed 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and estradiol, estrone, pregnanediol and testosterone in men and women.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
4. Article 34 TFEU and Certain Selling Arrangements

This chapter discusses the following: market circumstances rules and Article 34 TFEU; the decision in <italic>Keck</italic> and its application to cases of ‘certain selling arrangements’; and the ramifications of this ruling, particularly in respect of those rules that did not fit the category of certain selling arrangements. It also considers the relevance of the <italic>Trailers</italic> case and the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29, both of which have narrowed the areas to which <italic>Keck</italic> applies still further.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
[Remembrance] (video)

This is a recording of the Christ Temple worship service. The service consists of several musical selections including “I’m Going Through,” sung by Mother Dell. Bishop Dell delivers a sermon on remembrance. He reads 1st Corinthians 11:24-26 and discusses the importance of remembering.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Does Public Debt Discipline Managers and Controlling Owners?

This chapter investigates whether shareholders of firms that enter bond markets for the first time benefit from a reduction in free cash flows or suffer from controlling owners keeping a lock on control. We analyze an international sample of 225 bond initial public offerings (IPOs) from 37 countries. We find that announcement returns are higher for firms with higher free cash flows and lower for firms with controlling owners that have majority control. These effects depend on the level of legal shareholder protection. We find that the disciplinary power of public debt is more important in countries with strong shareholder protection. In countries with weak shareholder protection, the negative lock on control effect dominates.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of ambulatory clinical pharmacist interventions on outcomes in the HIV population

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of clinical pharmacist intervention in the care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an ambulatory care setting. Patients who receive interprofessional care that includes a clinical pharmacist are more likely to see clinical benefit including improved adherence and reduced HIV viral load. With recent improvements in virologic testing and HIV medications, it is useful to identify which types of pharmacist interventions are significantly improving clinical outcomes in the most difficult-to-treat patients. Aims: Determine the impact of clinical pharmacy interventions and specialty pharmacy involvement in an uncontrolled HIV population. Methods: HIV patients with a detectable HIV viral load (>20 copies/mL) were retrospectively included in the study if they had at least one visit with a clinical pharmacist and at least one follow-up HIV viral load documented after the visit between January 1, 2017 and March 1, 2019. Patient charts were reviewed to obtain information regarding HIV history, relevant interventions made by the clinical pharmacist, and adherence rates. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved an undetectable viral load (<20 copies/mL) after seeing a pharmacist in clinic. Secondary outcomes included types of pharmacist interventions, and specialty pharmacy capture rate. Results: Fifty-one patients were included in the primary analysis. The median baseline viral load was 22,900 copies/mL and 68.6% of patients were able to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load after meeting with a pharmacist. The most common pharmacist intervention was compliance counseling, followed by medication change and medication initiation. In this cohort where 30% of patients were uninsured and unable to fill medications at the associated specialty pharmacy, the specialty pharmacy capture rate was 39%. Conclusions: The clinical pharmacists within the Regional Center for Infectious Disease care for a large proportion of the clinic’s difficult-to-treat HIV patients with uncontrolled viral loads. Within this population, patients whose care included clinical pharmacist interventions were able to achieve an undetectable viral load more than two-thirds of the time. Clinical pharmacists are also uniquely positioned to encourage utilization of specialty pharmacies to improve delivery and adherence. Utilization of skilled pharmacists will be vitally important in achieving new viral suppression rate targets, particularly within difficult-to-treat patient populations.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exceptions and being human: Before and in times of COVID-19

As a much proclaimed ‘new normal’ accompanying the global pandemic, the suspension of certain rights to protect other rights returns our attention to notions of exceptions outside the law in terms of sovereign power and those hidden within the law, such as structurally embedded violations. The consent for the emergency rights accorded to the state to act for the greater protection and bio-survival of all occurs alongside certain contestations which also, in dramatic instances, include spaces for new protests against structural and physical violence on the person. The murder of George Floyd and the protests which followed signalled points of both convergence and dissonance in relation to the emergency rights of the state and the overlooking of other ‘less visible’ loss of rights.

Topic: Political Theology and Sovereignty
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Coxsackie viruses; a review of pathologic, epidemiologic, diagnostic and etiologic observations.

Coxsackie disease comprises three clinical entities-herpangina, so-called non-paralytic poliomyelitis, and epidemic pleurodynia. Several strains of antigenically-related viruses, Groups A and B, designated as Coxsackie virus have been isolated from stool specimens and from material from the throat of many patients with the diseases mentioned. Inasmuch as the virus has also been recovered from normal persons, there is as yet uncertainty as to causal relationship between the presence of the virus and the disease. Reports of the isolation of Coxsackie virus and poliomyelitis virus from the same patient make difficult the interpretation of the findings. The diagnosis of Coxsackie disease entails animal inoculation and serologic procedures. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of obtaining stool specimens, throat washings, and "paired" blood specimens from patients suspected of the disease.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Growth evolution and characterization of ultra-thin CoGe2 films synthesized via a catalytic solid–vapour reaction technique

A low temperature process, relying on the catalytic chemical vapor reaction of GeH4 with solid Co layers, is developed to synthesize ultra-thin CoGe2 layers (10–20 nm) on 300 mm Si wafers. The selective reaction of Co with GeH4 results in the direct formation of CoGe2 films crystallizing in the orthorhombic structure. Detailed studies under germanidation reaction conditions show that the optimal temperature (325 °C vs. 400 °C) to obtain low resistive, defect free and continuous CoGe2 films depends on the initial Co thickness. Investigation on various stages of cobalt germanide growth evolution demonstrates that the complete conversion of Co, leading to closed and stoichiometric CoGe2 films, occurs after 60 s of GeH4 exposure as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford back scattering (RBS) and sheet resistance (Rs) analysis. The CoGe2 formation is found to exhibit self-limiting growth. The layers demonstrate constant film properties (phase purity, resistivity, composition homogeneity, uniformity, and smooth morphology with insignificant rms roughness increase) within a large process window, negligibly influenced by excessive GeH4 exposure conditions. Independent of the post-deposition annealing employed (RTA or furnace annealing), results showed the CoGe2 layers to be thermally stable up to 500 °C without phase or morphological degradation or film roughening. Resistivity values in the range of 70–50 μΩ cm were observed for 10–20 nm CoGe2 films.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and interfaces
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The prognostic value of admission blood pressure in patients with acute stroke.

Patients with acute stroke are often found to have high blood pressures at hospital admission. Previous studies have shown variable results regarding the prognostic value of high blood pressure in acute stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of admission blood pressure in a population-based sample of patients with acute stroke. Eighty-five patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and 831 with ischemic disease were included in the study. The relations between admission blood pressure and 30-day mortality were studied by logistic regression analyses. High blood pressure in patients with impaired consciousness on hospital admission was significantly related to 30-day mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (P = .037) and in patients with ischemic disease (P &lt; .0001). In patients without impaired consciousness, high blood pressure at time of admission was not related to increased mortality at 30 days. High admission blood pressure in alert stroke patients was not related to increased mortality. Stroke patients with impaired consciousness showed higher mortality rates with increasing blood pressure. However, this does not provide a basis for recommending antihypertensive therapy for such patients.

Topic: Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biaxial surface order dynamics in calamitic nematics

Thermotropic nematic materials relax strong distortions by lowering the nematic order: the uniaxial symmetry is broken and is locally replaced by biaxial domains. We investigated the dynamics of the nematic order near a boundary surface of an asymmetric π-cell submitted to an external electric field, close to the electric order reconstruction threshold. An unexpected phenomenon is observed close, but below the threshold: the biaxial order spreads on the surface inducing a consequent bulk topological behaviour equivalent to the splay-bend fast transition allowed by order reconstruction at higher voltage.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences