jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distance Caregivers of People with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: A Phenomenological Study

Introduction: This research study focused on exploring the lived experience of people caring for someone with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia from a distance (defined as 2 or more hours' distance by car) to help shed light on this caregiving population. Method: Ten participants (all adult children caring for a parent with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia) were involved in this qualitative, phenomenological study. Each participant took part in two individual interviews, the first interview in person with a follow-up interview by telephone phone. After the interviews were transcribed, data were analysed using Moustakas's (1994) modified Van Kaam Method. Findings: Six general themes were derived from quotations from participants, revealing different aspects of the distance caregiving experience. Findings indicated that participants spent much time managing and coordinating the care of their relative. Participants indicated a wish to provide information on their relative that could help healthcare professionals provide effective care, and felt that the process of providing care to their relative impacted their professional and personal lives, including developing deeper connections with their relative and others. According to participants, the experience of caregiving, and balancing caregiving demands with other life demands, led to personal changes and growth. Conclusion: Occupational therapists and other healthcare professionals need to interact and communicate with distance caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia to better support the caregivers and the care being provided to the person with dementia.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Expression of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 in Bone Marrow from Monoclonal Gammapathy to Myeloma Patients.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable tumor characterized by multifocal clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within bone marrow (BM), with sometimes extramedullary location, i.e. mainly in peripheral blood (PB), pleural effusion or ascites. Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are a category of tumor antigens with normal expression restricted to a male germ cells in the testis but not in adult somatic tissues. CTA are promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Presently, 44 distinct CT-antigen families have been identified. Presence of RNA transcripts encoding members of the MAGE gene family, as well as NY-ESO-1, CT7/MAGE-C1 in myeloma tumor cells and cell lines has been documented. In MM, cancer germ-line specific genes are preferentially expressed in advanced disease (up to 50%) and in almost all cell lines. Most of the genes of the MAGE-A family were found to be expressed in myeloma cells, although with various incidences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the posibility of using these genes as molecular markers of the progression MGUS to MM and the early relapse of the MM. Due to rare extramedullary location of malignant plasma cells we tried to undercover if expression is detecable in PB simultaneously with expression in the BM. Total of 151 samples from BM were evaluated: 83 samples from advanced myeloma, 12 samples of patients with early stage of MM who did not required treatment (smoldering MM 4x, stage IA 8x), 41 samples of MGUS patiens and 15 samples of normal healthy donors served as control group. In 15 advanced myeloma patients we simultaneously assessed BM sample and PB sample. Total RNA was evaluated by RT-PCR and then by real-time PCR using FRET probes. For relative quantification we used G6PDH housekeeping gene as external standard. As positive control we used myeloma cell line U266. Only 4,8% (2 /41) samples from MGUS patient showed expression of MAGE-A1 or MAGE-A3. 50% (6/12) patients with early stage of MM (IA and smoldering) showed expression of MAGE-A1 or MAGE-A3. 39,7% (33/83) of the samples from the advanced myeloma patients expressed at least 1 of these genes, or both (20 cases). We tested 15 BM from normal donors. All were negative. In 15 advanced myeloma BM samples we have observed expression in 8/15 cases but no expression in PB sample. We have confirmed that expression of MAGE is not present in samples of healthy donors. There is an obvious correlation between expression of the MAGE genes and early-late stage of the disease. Our evaluation confirmed the detection of low expression levels of MAGE-type mRNA in BM from patients with MGUS and early stage of MM. It is possible that MAGE antigen monitoring may predict the evolution towards more advanced disease. But due to need of separated myeloma cells or BM samples this metod can not be used for monitoring minimal residual disease in patients with MM.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Iridoid Patterns In Galium L. And Some Phylogenetic Considerations

From 19 species of Galium, members of 6 European sections of the genus, 24 compounds were isolated, namely 16 iridoid glucosides, 2 secoiridoid glucosides and 6 triterpene saponins (the later found only in G. rivale (Sibth. &amp; Sm. Griseb.) The iridoid content was analyzed by thin layer chromatography - densitometry. An effort was made to clarify interspecies relationships, based on the obtained results and previous data. Generally, a nearly uniform iridoid pattern in the studied species was observed. Nevertheless, some distinctions gave reason the following chemical characters to be treated as taxonomic markers: iridoids, secogalioside (characteristic of G. mollugo group), iridoids V1 and V2 (G. humifusum Bieb. and G. verum L.), 6-acetylscandoside (G. incurvum group and G. verum) and the triterpene saponins, rivalioside A and rivalioside C (characteristic of G. rivale). The studied species regarding to the iridoids could be attributed to three lines of evolutionary differentiation. One line is leading to the differentiation of G. rivale. It contains specific triterpenoids as well as iridoid acids, which show parallel development of both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate and mevalonate biosynthetic routes in this species. A second line includes G. mollugo and G. incurvum species groups and the species G. humifusum and G. verum. Variety of iridoid esters, hydroxy and carboxy derivatives of iridoids and secoiridoids characterised this line. Third line comprises the remaining studied species, members of different sections and species groups. They posses a nearly identical iridoid pattern, which suggests a convergent evolution regarding to the iridoids

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Custom layout strategy for rectangle-shaped log-depth multiplier reduction tree

Multiplier reduction trees that have a logarithmic logic depth generally exhibit poor regularity, in terms of how the gates are interconnected. Consequently, it is well known that partial-product reduction trees (PPRTs), such as Wallace, Dadda and TDM, are very difficult to lay out in a custom design flow. However, our previously proposed HPM scheme enabled the implementation of a PPRT that consistently uses regular interconnect patterns, without sacrificing the performance originating from the logarithmic logic depth. The original HPM layout is perfectly regular, however, it has a PPRT in the shape of a wide triangle. We now propose a custom layout strategy for the HPM scheme that leads to rectangle-shaped PPRTs that are more straightforward to reconcile with the need for a rectangular multiplier footprint. The proposed layout strategy is implemented and evaluated for a 16-bit 90-nm design.

Topic: Low-power high-performance VLSI design
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Immunoinformatics Approach to Designing a Subunit Vaccine Construct of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Epitopes

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical priority pathogen, highlighting the critical need for developing new strategies, particularly prophylactic measures. This research focuses on incorporating highly antigenic elements from essential, surface-exposed outer membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa to design a polypeptide-based subunit vaccine capable of inducing a strong immune response, using immunoinformatics approaches. Methods: Ten essential outer membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa were analyzed using three online servers (ABCpred, BCPREDS, and LBtope) to predict B-cell epitopes and the IEDB server to predict CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes. The predicted epitopes were then assessed for physicochemical properties, allergenicity, and toxicity using relevant web servers. A vaccine construct incorporating the selected epitopes and an adjuvant was designed, and its 3D structure was modeled to study its interaction with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). Results: The final vaccine construct consisted of a 478-amino acid polypeptide incorporating 5 CD8+ T-cell, 5 CD4+ T-cell, and 15 B-cell epitopes. In silico analysis predicted the vaccine construct to be immunogenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and possess favorable physicochemical properties. Molecular docking simulations predicted strong binding affinity between the vaccine construct and TLR-4, suggesting its potential to elicit a robust immune response. Conclusion: These in silico analyses suggest that the designed subunit vaccine is potentially safe and effective against P. aeruginosa. However, experimental validation is necessary to confirm these predictions.

Topic: vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Alexia and agraphia in acute and chronic stroke

Reading and writing are increasingly important in society. More transactions and communications take place over the internet each day. Stroke or other focal brain injuries can selectively impair reading and/or writing, causing important deficits in these daily interactions. Although not immediately apparent on the traditional neurological examination, alexia and agraphia can be disabling and dehumanizing. Furthermore, these deficits may be the only functional sequel of certain types of stroke, such as posterior watershed infarct, embolism to the left posterior parietal cortex, or occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery. Therefore, assessment of reading and writing is an essential component of a complete neurological examination in cases of suspected stroke.

Topic: Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Combination of Chemotherapy With Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this clinical study was to assess the feasibility of administering recombinant interleukin-2 and recombinant interferon alfa-2a before and after combination cytotoxic chemotherapy. After encouraging initial responses, the study was expanded to further evaluate the therapeutic potential, clarify the toxicities of this regimen, and explore any associated immunologic changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four patients with metastatic melanoma, including patients with brain metastases, were treated on this 6-week protocol. Patients received combination cisplatin (25 mg/m 2 /d) and dacarbazine (220 mg/m 2 /d) on days 1 through 3 and 22 through 24 plus carmustine (150 mg/m 2 ) on day 1. Interleukin 2 (13.5 million IU/m 2 /d) and interferon alfa (6 MU/m 2 /d) were administered on days 4 through 8 and 17 through 21. RESULTS: Among 83 patients assessable for response, 12 complete and 34 partial responses were documented (55% response rate). The median time to disease progression was 7 months, the median survival from study entry was 12.2 months, and the median survival from diagnosis of metastatic disease was 15.5 months. Although patients were hospitalized to receive treatment, intensive care unit support generally was not needed. Dose-limiting toxicities were related to elevations in serum bilirubin and serum creatinine levels. No patient developed a grade 4 clinical toxicity. Treatment produced a skin depigmentation, which was associated with prolonged survival. CONCLUSION: A plateau in both the survival and time to progression curves beyond 2 years (15% of the patients) and a greater than 10% disease-free survival beyond 4 years indicate that there may be a long-term benefit for some patients. The limited toxicity of this regimen should permit its use in most oncology settings. A randomized trial of chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy should be performed to establish the value of chemoimmunotherapy for melanoma.

Topic: Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The immune response to phage fd in normal and thymus‐deprived animals of a low responding inbred strain and in genetically thymusless mice

Abstract Thymus‐deprived and normal DBA/2 mice show no difference in the immune response to bacteriophage fd, an antigen for which these mice are low responders. Thymectomy in high responders reduces the response 100–1000‐fold. The immune response to SRBC in the deprived and normal DBA/2 has also been tested. The drastically reduced response in deprived mice shows that these animals indeed lack thymic influence. Low responder DBA/2 mice have a weak primary and secondary response to the phage fd. They largely produce IgM, but in spite of that, they are able to build up an immunological memory. The data suggest that the inability of DBA/2 mice to respond well to fd is a thymus deficiency. This observation is supported by the finding that polyacrylic acid converts low responder DBA/2 mice to high responders. Genetically thymusless (nude) C57BL/6‐nu/nu mice are low responders, but, in contrast to DBA/2, are unable to form an immunological memory. The secondary response is identical in height and rate with a primary response.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Transcriptome and Functional Analysis of Mating in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

ABSTRACT In this study, we undertook a functional characterization and transcriptome analysis that enabled a comprehensive study of the mating type loci of the mushroom Schizophyllum commune . Induced expression of both the bar2 receptor and the bap2(2) pheromone gene within 6 to 12 h after mates' contact was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR. Similar temporal expression patterns were confirmed for the allelic bbr1 receptor and bbp1 pheromone-encoding genes by Northern hybridization. Interestingly, the fusion of clamp connections to the subterminal cell was delayed in mating interactions in which one of the compatible partners expressed the bar2 receptor with a truncated C terminus. This developmental delay allowed the visualization of a green fluorescent protein (Gfp)-labeled truncated receptor at the cell periphery, consistent with a localization in the plasma membrane of unfused pseudoclamps. This finding does not support hypotheses envisioning a receptor localization to the nuclear membrane facilitating recognition between the two different nuclei present in each dikaryotic cell. Rather, Gfp fluorescence observed in such pseudoclamps indicated a role of receptor-pheromone interaction in clamp fusion. Transcriptome changes associated with mating interactions were analyzed in order to identify a role for pheromone-receptor interactions. We detected a total of 89 genes that were transcriptionally regulated in a mating type locus A -dependent manner, employing a cutoff of 5-fold changes in transcript abundance. Upregulation in cell cycle-related genes and downregulation of genes involved in metabolism were seen with this set of experiments. In contrast, mating type locus B -dependent transcriptome changes were observed in 208 genes, with a specific impact on genes related to cell wall and membrane metabolism, stress response, and the redox status of the cell.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Provocatively and evocatively vivid language: An extension of Language Expectancy Theory Item type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)

Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Downloaded 5-Mar-2016 11:19:50 Link to item

Topic: Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Neuroprotective Properties of Wild Mango (<i>Mangifera caloneura</i> Kurz) Leaves on Alleviating Urban Air Pollutant Toxicity: Insights From Transcriptome Analysis of a Human Neuronal Cell Model

ABSTRACT Exposure to urban air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), has been correlated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between urban air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of urban dust on SH‐SY5Y cells using high‐throughput transcriptomic sequencing. In addition, we explored the neuroprotective potential of an ethanol extract of wild mango ( Mangifera caloneura ) leaves (MCE) against urban dust‐induced neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that urban dust significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, and decreased both mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered expression of several genes associated with oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases, compared to control cells. Notably, co‐treatment with MCE reversed the detrimental effects caused by urban dust, particularly by enhancing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increasing sirtuin 1 and superoxide dismutase 1 levels, and normalizing the altered gene expression patterns. In summary, MCE shows potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for preventing oxidative stress associated with air pollution‐induced neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Taking bisphosphonates during pregnancy.

Very little is currently known about the effects of bisphosphonates on human pregnancy. There have been only two reports of bisphosphonate use during late pregnancy. Animal studies suggest that biphosphonates cross the placenta and that the effect is an extension of the expected pharmacologic effect of bisphosphonates on both fetus and mother. Risks and benefits should be carefully weighed.

Topic: Bone health and treatments
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multiple emission distribution of secondary electrons from metals

Measurements have been made on the statistical distribution of multiple emission of secondary electrons produced by bombarding Cu, Ag, Pt and Au targets with electrons having energies in the range 60-960 ev. A comparison between the experimental distributions and the corresponding Poissonian distributions, made by comparing their second-order moments, suggests that these distributions, although similar, are different. Some speculative comments are given on how the difference might arise. The possibility of describing it empirically with the use of combinatorial moments is suggested.

Topic: Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recognition of pre- and postsynaptic neurons via nephrin/NEPH1 homologs is a basis for the formation of the<i>Drosophila</i>retinotopic map

Topographic maps, which maintain the spatial order of neurons in the order of their axonal connections, are found in many parts of the nervous system. Here, we focus on the communication between retinal axons and their postsynaptic partners, lamina neurons, in the first ganglion of the Drosophila visual system, as a model for the formation of topographic maps. Post-mitotic lamina precursor cells differentiate upon receiving Hedgehog signals delivered through newly arriving retinal axons and, before maturing to extend neurites, extend short processes toward retinal axons to create the lamina column. The lamina column provides the cellular basis for establishing stereotypic synapses between retinal axons and lamina neurons. In this study, we identified two cell-adhesion molecules: Hibris, which is expressed in post-mitotic lamina precursor cells; and Roughest, which is expressed on retinal axons. Both proteins belong to the nephrin/NEPH1 family. We provide evidence that recognition between post-mitotic lamina precursor cells and retinal axons is mediated by interactions between Hibris and Roughest. These findings revealed mechanisms by which axons of presynaptic neurons deliver signals to induce the development of postsynaptic partners at the target area. Postsynaptic partners then recognize the presynaptic axons to make ensembles, thus establishing a topographic map along the anterior/posterior axis.

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences