jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Group B <i>streptococci</i> in milk and late neonatal infections: an analysis of cases in the literature

Background The source for late-onset neonatal infections (LONI) due to group B Streptococcus (GBS) has not been fully explored. We reviewed GBS LONI cases associated with contaminated breast milk to determine whether breast milk was a possible route for neonatal infection. Data sources A PubMed search from January 1977 to March 2013 was performed with MeSH words “ Stre ptococcus agalactiae ”, “group B Streptococcus ”, “infection”, “milk”, “human”, “late-onset infection” and/or “neonate”; relevant cross references were also reviewed. Results Forty-eight documented cases of GBS LONI matched our search criteria and were retrieved from the literature. When performed, molecular typing identified clonal isolates in the neonate and milk samples taken after LONI in all cases, with the hypervirulent sequence type 17 (ST-17) clone identified in two of these cases. Caesarean delivery combined with the absence of GBS recovery from maternal samples other than milk was noted for four cases. The rate of recurrent infections was high (35%) and, together with the data reviewed, points to a potential role of breast milk in GBS LONI. Conclusions The cases reviewed here, together with the evidence of breast milk transmission for other pathogens, suggest that breast milk, which would account for repeated GBS transmission to the neonate, may favour gut translocation and subsequent LONI. Further investigations are nevertheless needed to study the relative importance of this contamination route compared with persistent postnatal gut colonisation and the dynamics of milk and neonatal gut colonisation.

Topic: Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The evolution of the Russian institutions conducting public diplomacy

Modern institution responsible for the conduct of Russian public diplomacy is officially called a successor of all previous institutions operating in this field since 1925. The evolution of these institutions reflects major political changes that have been occurring through Soviet and Russian history, which proves the fact that Soviet/Russian public diplomacy has always been inseparable from the general foreign policy strategy of the state. In addition, despite profound differences between the last and the first “stages of evolution”, there is still a strong pattern of continuity.

Topic: Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Entity Disambiguation with Freebase

Entity disambiguation with a knowledge base becomes increasingly popular in the NLP community. In this paper, we employ Freebase as the knowledge base, which contains significantly more entities than Wikipedia and others. While huge in size, Freebase lacks context for most entities, such as the descriptive text and hyperlinks in Wikipedia, which are useful for disambiguation. Instead, we leverage two features of Freebase, namely the naturally disambiguated mention phrases (aka aliases) and the rich taxonomy, to perform disambiguation in an iterative manner. Specifically, we explore both generative and discriminative models for each iteration. Experiments on 2, 430, 707 English sentences and 33, 743 Freebase entities show the effectiveness of the two features, where 90% accuracy can be reached without any labeled data. We also show that discriminative models with proposed split training strategy is robust against over fitting problem, and constantly outperforms the generative ones.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
ANGKA KEJADIAN BATU GINJAL DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI 2010 – DESEMBER 2012

Abstract: Kidney stones or nephrolithiasis is condition where occures one or more stones in pelvis or calyces of kidney, this is the most problems in urinary tract. The cause of stones appeared wasn’t accurately known but this disease can be varies attack populations in the world depend on their ages, sex, clan, geography locations and developed levels of a country. Purpose: The research is aimed to know incidence ofkidney stones in RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. KandouManado January 2010-December 2012 periods, to know distributions explain depends on sex, age groups, stones position, complications, and any handles. Method: This research used descriptive retrospective methode by collecting data in the Section of Surgery and Medical Record department of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. KandouManado. Conclusion: The result of the research has showed that incidence of kidney stones in January 2010 until December 2012 was highest in 2012 (48,6%) on 36-50 group of ages. The number of male patients was more common than female patients (3:2). Pyelum was location that always appeared the stones (85,7%), and hydronephrosis has most complications (68,6%). Patients always got pyelolithotomy for their handles (34,3%). Keywords : Incidence, kidney stones, Manado, nephrolithiasis Abstrak: Batu ginjal atau nefrolithiasis adalah suatu keadaan dimana terdapat satu atau lebih batu di dalam pelvisatau kaliksdari ginjal dan merupakan penyebab terbanyak kelainan di saluran kemih. Penyebab terbentuknya batu belum diketahui secara pasti, namun penyakit ini dapat menyerang penduduk di seluruh dunia dan bervariasi tergantung umur, jenis kelamin, ras, lokasi geografis dan tingkat kemajuan suatu bangsa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian batu ginjal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012, serta mengetahui gambaran distribusi berdasarkan jenis kelamin, kelompok umur, letak batu, komplikasi, dan penanganan yang diberikan. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif retrospektif, dengan mengumpulkan data di bagian Bedah dan bagian Rekam Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian batu ginjal selama periode Januari 2010 – Desember 2012 tertinggi pada tahun 2012 (48,6%) dan pada kelompok umur 36-50 tahun (48,6%). Jumlah pasien laki-laki lebih banyak ditemukan daripada perempuan (3:2). Sedangkan lokasi tersering ditemukannya batu adalah di pielum (85,7%), dan komplikasi terbanyak adalah hidronefrosis (68,6%). Penanganan yang paling sering diberikan pada pasien adalah pielolitotomi (34,3%). Kata kunci: Angka kejadian, batu ginjal, Manado, nefrolithiasis

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Constance v. Harvey--The Strong-Arm Clause Re-Evaluated

Section 70c of the Bankruptcy Act, colloquially known as the strongarm clause, provides that a trustee in bankruptcy, as to property upon which a credit r of t e b nkrupt could have obtained lien by legal r equitable proceedings, shall be deemed vested as f the ate of bankruptcy the rights, remedies, and powers of a creditor then holdi g a lien thereon by such proceedings, whether or not such a creditor actually exists. This provision in its original fo m was first inserted in the Bankruptcy Act in 1910,2 in orde to strike do n ce tain cret liens and transfers made by a bankrupt, which would have be n vulnerable to his creditors in state court proceedings, but which had been upheld as against the trustee becaus he stood in the shoes of t e bankrupt.3 Prior to 1950, this clau e applied only to property which was in the possession or under the control of the bankrupt at he time of bankruptcy,  r otherwise coming int the p ssession of the bankruptcy court.4 Under this provision, it was clear, for example, tha a fraudulent transfer by the bankrupt, where possession was delivered to the transferee, could not be attacked by the trustee under this claus of Section 70c, since the pr perty was no longer in the possession of the bankrupt at the date of bank u tcy. As to such p operty, the trustee was vested by Section 70c only with he rights of a creditor who has had execution return d unsatisfied.5 However, in 1950 this striction was eliminated, and he strong-arm clause in the form s ated in the preceding paragraph now applies to all property, whether or not coming into possession or control of th court ... .6 Under this present provisio , the strong-arm clause arguably migh be used to

Topic: Legal Issues in South Africa
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The temporal variation in the urban heat island effect of Amsterdam from 2017-2021

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is present in cities all over the world. Heat can result in excess mortality and has an impact on human health, especially for vulnerable people. Heat also correlates with higher energy demand. The urban heat island intensity changes over time. This research aims to show to what degree meteorological extremes and seasonality affect the UHI effect in Amsterdam. The difference between the measured temperature from a rural and urban weather station results in the UHI effect. Certain days are classified as summery, ideal, and heat wave days based on KNMI guidelines. Several tests are performed to assess whether or not the UHI effect is higher on these days than all data and the meteorological summer (JJA). The data is also divided into seasons and tested for significant differences. For the location AMSIJ and Osdorp, the UHI effect on summery, ideal, and heat wave days is significantly higher than for all data and for JJA. For Amstelveen, the UHI effect on summery, ideal, and heat wave days is not higher or not significantly higher compared to JJA. Seasonality in the UHI is most important in Amstelveen. There are also significant differences between seasons in the UHI effect in AMSIJ and Osdorp. However, the trend is not as pronounced as it is for Amstelveen. These results are relevant, because summers are expected to get warmer. Moreover, meteorological conditions similar to summery days, ideal days and heat wave days will likely increase. Thus, the UHI intensity will likely increase in the future.

Topic: Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pharmacovigilance and patient safety: The interplay of nursing, diagnosis, and medical records

Background _ Pharmacovigilance, as defined by the World Health Organization, involves the scientific and operational activities aimed at identifying, evaluating, comprehending, and mitigating the adverse effects or any issues associated with medicines or vaccines. It plays a crucial role in recognizing negative effects of medications that may escape detection during clinical trials. This scrutiny is particularly vital for older individuals, who are frequently excluded from clinical studies due to their comorbidities and polypharmacy, resulting in treatment regimens that extend beyond the duration of these trials. Aim of Work – The aim of this narrative review is to explore novel approaches in pharmacovigilance studies focused on medications for elderly individuals. It specifically highlights how advancements in digital health technologies, electronic health records, and real-world health data can enhance the detection and evaluation of adverse effects in this sensitive population. Methods – The review employs a narrative approach, synthesizing current literature on the utilization of digital health technologies and available health data in pharmacovigilance. It emphasizes recent developments in electronic health records and real-world data analytics, assessing how these tools can facilitate the monitoring of medication safety among older patients.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Study of injection molded microcellular polyamide‐6 nanocomposites

Abstract This study aims to explore the processing benefits and property improvements of combining nanocomposites with microcellular injection molding. The microcellular nanocomposite processing was performed on an injection‐molding machine equipped with a commercially available supercritical fluid (SCF) system. The molded samples produced based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) matrices were subjected to tensile testing, impact testing, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. Molding conditions and nano‐clays have been found to have profound effects on the cell structures and mechanical properties of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) base resin and nanocomposite samples. The results show that microcellular nanocomposite samples exhibit smaller cell size and uniform cell distribution as well as higher tensile strength compared to the corresponding base PA‐6 microcellular samples. Among the molding parameters studied, shot size has the most significant effect on cell size, cell density, and tensile strength. Fractographic study reveals evidence of different modes of failure and different regions of fractured structure depending on the molding conditions. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:673–686, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

Topic: Polymer Foaming and Composites
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Flexible Scheduling and Young Adolescent Development

Alternative scheduling formats provide structural flexibility to middle schools that promote the design of developmentally appropriate learning environments for young adolescents. Research indicates that flexible scheduling encourages the development of meaningful relationships between teachers and students, increases student understanding through more in-depth study of curricula, and provides time to more effectively address the demands of diverse learners. Alternative schedules create opportunities for curriculum integration and promote more flexibility and creativity in instructional processes. Flexible schedules also increase teacher collaboration and planning and support heterogeneous grouping practices. These are significant changes that match the recommendations of the National Middle School Association.

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Coronary Artery Perforation and Tamponade　― Incidence, Risk Factors, Predictors and Outcomes From 12 Years’ Data of the SCAAR Registry ―

CAP is associated with an early high excess in morbidity and mortality but with low risk of additional adverse events in the long term. Late tamponade is as deadly as acute tamponade.

Topic: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of artificial defoliation on reproductive allocation in the common vetch, <i>Vicia sativa</i> (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae)

Previous field experiments have shown that, for the annual herb Vicia sativa , leaf area lost to herbivory results in reduced number of fruit (pods) produced per plant as well as fewer seeds per pod. We conducted a controlled garden experiment to determine the precise relationship between level of defoliation and various measures of maternal fitness through fruit and seed. We employed manual clipping of individual leaflets of newly produced leaves to 25% increments of damage (from 0% to 100%) over the entire period of development and flowering of these annual herbs, harvesting pods when filled but not dehisced. We found significant reduction in number of pods, number of seeds, total seed mass, and individual seed mass with leaf area lost. Even with the highest levels of defoliation over the life of the individual, plants still produced a substantial number of pods and seeds. Seeds produced by plants in all treatment groups showed similar percentages of germination and time to germination.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gender, Culture and Human Rights : Reclaiming Universalism

In recent years, feminist theory has increasingly defined itself in opposition to universalism and to discourses of human rights. Rejecting the troubled legacies of Enlightenment thinking, feminists have questioned the very premises upon which the international human rights movement is based. Rather than abandoning human rights discourse, however, this book argues that feminism should reclaim the universal and reconstruct the theory and practice of human rights. Discourse ethics and its post-metaphysical defence of universalism is offered as a key to this process of reconstruction.

Topic: Gender Politics and Representation
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Effects of Silicone Coatings on Leaves

Dimethyl silicones of viscosities 0.25, 10, and 125 St were applied to leaf surfaces and their effects on the rates of transpiration and photosynthesis were measured. The effect of the 10 and 125 St materials lasted more than 16 days, decreasing both photosynthesis and transpiration. The diffusion coefficients of water vapour and carbon dioxide through 10 St silicone were measured in a separate experiment and it is shown that the leaf results can be interpreted in terms of an almost complete silicone cover over the stomata. Calculations show that for materials with DH2O/DCO2 greater than 1.6 (free air ratio), provided they have no physiological effects, the most effective mode of action would be complete blockage of a fraction of the stomates rather than partial blockage of all. The amount of water saved by doubling the stomatal resistance of three crop types (short grass, farm crops, and trees) in two contrasting environments (Southern England and California) is calculated, and it is inferred that anti-transpirants would be most effective when applied to well-watered tall crops in regions of high evaporative demand.

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Demonstration of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis in Tissue Culture By Immunofluorescence

In a guinea pig heart cell line, infected with an egg-adapted strain of Trinidad VEE, the virus could be demonstrated by immunofluorescence prior to development of CPE. Formalin fixation preserved the antigenicity, and the cover slips could be stored in this fixative at 4°C for periods up to 2 weeks without diminution of specific fluorescence. A whole burro serum conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate with a counterstain added proved a more reliable reagent than fractionated or absorbed sera. The model as described has the possibility of obtaining a specific viral diagnosis at the clinical level in the period normally required for initial isolation by conventional cell culture technics.

Topic: Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries

Abstract Indicators are needed to support the implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), by providing information on the state of the ecosystem, the extent and intensity of effort or mortality and the progress of management in relation to objectives. Here, I review recent work on the development, selection and application of indicators and consider how indicators might support an EAF. Indicators should guide the management of fishing activities that have led to, or are most likely to lead to, unsustainable impacts on ecosystem components or attributes. The numbers and types of indicators used to support an EAF will vary among management regions, depending on resources available for monitoring and enforcement, and actual and potential fishing impacts. State indicators provide feedback on the state of ecosystem components or attributes and the extent to which management objectives, which usually relate to state, are met. State can only be managed if the relationships with fishing (pressure) and management (response) are known. Predicting such relationships is fundamental to developing a management system that supports the achievement of objectives. In a management framework supported by pressure, state and response indicators, the relationship between the value of an indicator and a target or limit reference point, reference trajectory or direction provides guidance on the management action to take. Values of pressure, state and response indicators may be affected by measurement, process, model and estimation error and thus different indicators, and the same indicators measured at different scales and in different ways, will detect true trends on different timescales. Managers can use several methods to estimate the effects of error on the probability of detecting true trends and/or to account for error when setting reference points, trajectories and directions. Given the high noise to signal ratio in many state indicators, pressure and response indicators would often guide short‐term management decision making more effectively, with state indicators providing longer‐term policy‐focused feedback on the effects of management action.

Topic: Marine and fisheries research
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S3 from The Lymphatic Cell Environment Promotes Kaposi Sarcoma Development by Prox1-Enhanced Productive Lytic Replication of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus

&lt;p&gt;Productive Lytic Replication in LECs, but not in BECs&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effectiveness of melodic intonation therapy on fundamental frequency and intensity in Persian autistic children’s speech

Background and Aim: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder with several speech disorders such as prosodic and pragmatic impairments. Melodic intonation therapy (MIT) based on Albert et al. model (1973) is a rehabilitation method, developed on prosodic features. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MIT on Persian autistic children’s prosody.Methods: An easy version of MIT, adopted for Persian language was designed by researchers. Then, after a successful pilot study on a 10-years-old boy for one month, 13 subjects were selected for the main study. All the subjects were autistic, male, right-handed, 7-10-years-old Persian children studied for 48 sessions (16 weeks). Background information gathered from the parents by a questionnaire. As pre- and post-test, some assessments about children’s fundamental frequency (Fº) and intensity of the Persian vowel sounds and declarative and interrogative sentences were accomplished. The data analysis was done using Praat and SPSS softwares.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in acoustic features, such as intensity, and fundamental frequency of declarative and interrogative sentences; also all six vowels of Persian, excluding /â/ and /æ/ (p&lt;0.05 for all).Conclusion: The widely reported unusual prosody in autistic children was quantified by this study, too. In addition, there was convincing evidence of the positive effects of melodic intonation therapy on acoustic features in Persian autistic children.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences