jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PTC&amp;amp;B Conservation and Production of Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha Rich.) Plants from Long Term Shoot Cultures

In vitro germplasms of ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha Rich.), an important medicinal plant, maintained through reduced growth conditions for more than 12-years, were used as source material for micropropagation. MS with different combinations of Kn (2 mg/l), BAP (2 mg/l), 2iP (2-3 mg/l), NAA (0.2 mg/l) and adenine (40-100 mg/l) as additive was used to induce fresh multiplication of shoots from the nodal meristems and direct shoot bud initiation on the internodal segments. Complete plant regeneration has been achieved from such long term cultures. Regenerated plants maintained their phenotypic and chromosomal stability. Eighty per cent hardened plants, survived in the field condition, are growing well and 25 % of them produced flowers within one year. Long term preservation through reduced growth conditions and successful regeneration of morphologically stable plants with stable chromosome numbers (2n = 22) from such long term cultures of ipecae plants.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A CASE OF BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY FOR THE STENOSIS OCCURRED AFTER FEMOROPOLITEAL BYPASS OPERATION

We experienced a rare case of arterial stenosis caused by bulldog forceps used in femoropopliteal bypass operahon. A 70-year-old female visited our department complaining of pain in the right lower extremity. Various examinations indicated that she was suffered from complete obstruction of the superficial femoral artery due to arteriosclerosis obliterans. Femoropopliteal bypass operation was performed. Postoperative roentgenography revealed a stenosis at a place beneath the graft anastomosis, namely, at a place where bulldog forceps appeard to be applied. Basic endoscopical findings also supported the stenosis caused by hemostat. She was treated with angioplasty by inserting a balloon through the resected artificial vessel, and her postoperative course was uneventful. Even a hemostat should be used with careful attention. Furthermore, intra-anginal endoscopy through the artificial vessel and balloon angioplasty are possible applicable diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to stenosis at the anastomosis.

Topic: Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of the intermediate structure in nuclear reactions induced by low energy deuterons

Angular distributions and excitation functions of (d, d), (d, p), and (d, ..cap alpha..) reactions have been measured for /sup 12/C, /sup 24/Mg, /sup 28/Si, /sup 19/F, and /sup 27/Al targets at low incident energies. From the analysis of these results and those published in the literature, some evidence of the intermediate structure in the nuclear reactions is found. For the even-even /sup 12/C, /sup 24/Mg, and /sup 28/Si targets, there are significant contributions of the intermediate structure to the nuclear reactions in this low-energy region. As for the odd-even /sup 19/F and /sup 27/Al targets, the contributions of the intermediate structure to the nuclear reactions are much weaker. These phenomena are discussed in detail.

Topic: Nuclear Physics and Applications
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Size-Reduced Macrocyclic\nAnalogues of [Pyr&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;]‑apelin-13 Showing Negative Gα&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; Bias Still\nProduce Prolonged Cardiac Effects

We previously reported\na series of macrocyclic analogues of [Pyr&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;]-apelin-13 (Ape13)\nwith increased plasma stability and potent\nAPJ agonist properties. Based on the most promising compound in this\nseries, we synthesized and then evaluated novel macrocyclic compounds\nof Ape13 to identify agonists with specific pharmacological profiles.\nThese efforts led to the development of analogues &lt;b&gt;39&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;40&lt;/b&gt;, which possess reduced molecular weight (MW 1020 Da vs\nApe13, 1534 Da). Interestingly, compound &lt;b&gt;39&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; 0.6 nM), which does not activate\nthe Gα&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; signaling pathway while maintaining potency\nand efficacy similar to Ape13 to activate Gα&lt;sub&gt;i1&lt;/sub&gt; (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 0.8 nM) and β-arrestin2 recruitment (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 31 nM), still exerts cardiac actions. In addition, analogue &lt;b&gt;40&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; 5.6 nM),\nexhibiting a favorable Gα&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;-biased signaling and\nan increased &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; half-life (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt; 3.7 h vs &lt;1 min of Ape13), produces a sustained\ncardiac response up to 6 h after a single subcutaneous bolus injection.

Topic: Apelin-related biomedical research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Laboratory Methods for the Study of Tetrapyrroles

AbstractTetrapyrroles are a group of organic molecules that includes chlorophyll (Figure 1), hemes (Figure 2), bilins (Figure 3), and corrins, such as vitamin B12 (37). These molecules are also often referred to as porphyrins, although strictly, these are only those compounds with the same oxidation state as heme. Chlorophyll, for example, has one more saturated bond and is therefore a chlorin (30). The structure of chlorophyll a. Chlorophylls are present in protein complexes in the membrane of photosynthetic bacteria and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, where they harvest and trap light energy during photosynthesis (Chapters 10 and 11) The structure of protoheme IX. Hemes are found in a wide range of different proteins, including photosynthetic and respiratory cytochromes involved in electron transfer, the oxidative enzymes catalase and peroxidase, cytochrome P450s, which catalyze mono-oxygenase reactions, and oxygen-carrying proteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin (Chapters 7, 8, and 9). The structure of phytochromobilin. This is the chromophore of phytochromobilin, which is the red-light receptor of higher plants (Chapter 13). Linear tetrapyrroles are also found as accessory light-harvesting pigments in cyanobacteria and many algae (Chapter 14). KeywordsConiferyl AlcoholTetrapyrrole MacrocycleReduce Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide PhosphateCommit PrecursorLinear TetrapyrroleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
"Do touch!" - 3D Scanning and Printing Technologies for the Haptic Representation of Cultural Assets: A Study with Blind Target Users

Visiting museums can be challenging for visually impaired people, as many objects are hidden behind glass walls and information is limited to descriptions. One of the best ways to increase accessibility and inclusion in museums and other cultural heritage institutions is through the use of 3D-printed replicas. However, there are several different scanning and printing processes that not only differ in terms of effort and cost but can also produce very different results. This paper evaluates two different scanning techniques and four different printing processes in terms of these aspects and includes feedback from a group of blind and partially sighted users on the aesthetic quality and fidelity of the printed objects. We found differences between the scanning methods mainly regarding their ease of use. Of the printing methods tested, stereolithography was preferred by the majority of participants for use in the museum. Additionally, we include user comments which touch on the general aspects of presenting museum artefacts using haptic devices. Our study thus provides valuable insights into the preferences of the target users, which can be used to inform decisions about more inclusive museum experiences.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Customizable Textured Tablet Case and Magnetic Prompting System to Improve Communication for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

As Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnoses increase in prevalence, there is a growing need for assistive devices to help meet the communication needs of each person and their own unique set of challenges. Autism is a neurological disorder which most prominently impacts communication and social skills but can impact each person differently by way of coupled conditions. Of these conditions, two of the most common with Autism are Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Motor Skill delays.\nAdditionally, to help with communication and language development, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques are often used, with tablet AAC applications being one of the most portable and economical solutions in alternative communication available today. With the current options for tablet cases, specifically for AAC communication, the coupled conditions of Sensory Processing Disorder and Motor Skill delays were not considered in their design or functionality. In order to make tablets with AAC applications more accessible for the children using them, an assistive tablet case was created. This tablet case design incorporated a magnetic overlay to provide motor skill assistance and prompting without unnecessary sensory input, interchangeable textures to improve sensory experience as well as stability features including a shoulder strap, stand and handle. Trials with a functional prototype and a tactile sensory board were performed with a Speech-Language Pathologist in the context of her therapy session. From the functional prototype trial, it was found that cursor prompting system was effective in providing elevated prompts when necessary and that an interest in the texture may be based on the maturity and diagnosis of the user. From the sensory study, it was found that there were trends of preferences for both texture and interaction type. Additionally, it was proven that the textures provided could be used for effective self-regulation. The design of this tablet case and study of its use create opportunities for the improvement of assistive devices in emerging technologies as well as exploring the concept of prompting without the use of human interactions.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Gonadal development and sex steroids in a female Arctic charr broodstock

Gonadal development and plasma levels of sex steroids were investigated in female Arctic charr at 3-week intervals over a 12-month period. Circulating levels of oestradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) were measured by radioimmunoassay, and gonadal status assessed through histological examination and measurement of gonadosomatic index (GSI) and frequency distribution of oocyte size-classes. Gonadal recrudescence during March-July was characterized by modest but insignificant increases in plasma levels of E2 (2–4 ng ml−1) and T (2–5 ng ml−1) and recruitment of oocytes into yolk accumulation. Only a small and insignificant rise in GSI and no apparent increase in oocyte diameter occurred during this period, indicating that the rate of yolk formation and oocyte growth was low. Following transformation from stage V (peripheral yolk granule stage) to stage VI (yolk granule migration stage) in late July, the vitellogenic oocytes entered a phase of rapid growth which resulted in a marked rise in GSI until ovulation commenced in late September. Gonadal growth during this period was accompanied by increases in plasma levels of E2 and T which peaked at 11 ± 1 (mid-August) and 71 ± 5ng ml−1 (late September), respectively. The levels of both steroids dropped rapidly during final maturation and ovulation, followed by a surge in plasma levels of 17,20β-P which peaked at an average of 74 ± 17 ng ml−1 in early October. All three steroids returned to basal levels within a month after ovulation, and all steroids, except E2, remained low until March of the following year. A slight increase in E2 detected in February and March during the second season may have been associated with recruitment into vitellogenesis of a new generation of oocytes. It is suggested that the abrupt increase in vitellogenesis in late July may reflect a condition-dependent decision to proceed with maturation, once the energy reserves have been repleted during spring-early summer.

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
In Vivo Evaluation of Functionalized Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite for Local Delivery of Active Agents

This study was carried out to investigate the biological response in vivo to biomimetic hydroxyapatite implant coatings functionalized with bisphosphonates and bone morphogenetic proteins. The functionalization was carried out by a simple soaking procedure in the operating room immediately prior to surgery. Cylindrical titanium samples with and without coatings were implanted in the distal femoral epiphysis of sheep and retrieved after 6 weeks. The histological analysis proved that all samples were integrated well in the tissue with no signs of intolerance. Fewer osteoclasts were observed in the vicinity of bisphosphonate-functionalized samples and the bone was denser around these samples compared to the other samples. Samples functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein induced more bone/implant contact but showed a more inconsistent outcome with reduced bone density around the samples. This study demonstrates a simple method to functionalize implant coatings, which provides surgeons with an option of patient-specific functionalization of implants. The observed biological impact due to the delivery of active molecules from the coatings suggests that this strategy may also be employed to deliver antibiotics from similar coatings.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aesthetic Goods and the Nature of Religious Understanding

This chapter considers what kind of understanding is required if the religious or spiritual life is to be ordered not only to moral, but also aesthetic goods. It addresses three questions. First: how might aesthetic goods contribute to spiritual well-being? Second, what must the spiritual or religious person understand if their life is to be directed to these spiritually significant aesthetic goods? And finally: how is this understanding to be realized if its object is as described in our response to this second question? The chapter proposes that a deeper appreciation of the spiritual significance of aesthetic goods yields a new and fruitful perspective on the bodily and perceptual character of religious understanding.

Topic: Karl Barth and Christian Theology
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A systematic review of training methods to increase staff’s knowledge and implementation of positive behaviour support in residential and day settings for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Behaviour support plans (BSPs), if accurately implemented, have been found to increase skills and decrease challenging behaviour of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Training is essential for staff to acquire the skills necessary for accurate implementation. The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate procedures used to train staff in Positive Behaviour Support (PBS), on both knowledge of PBS and implementation of BSPs. Systematic searches of 4 databases identified 18 studies as meeting criteria. Findings indicate that description alone was not consistently effective in increasing knowledge and should be used in combination with other training strategies. Staff’s implementation of BSPs were increased by different combinations of the following training components: description, feedback, modelling, role-play, monitory incentive, and escape contingency. To identify evidenced based practice when training staff on BSPs, it is necessary to evaluate active and feasible training components from current training models.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Stress Response Monitoring of Photoautotrophic Higher Plant Suspension Cultures by Fluorescence Imaging for High-Throughput Toxic Compound Screening

Photoautotrophic suspension cultures have been established from various model and crop plants and proved to be valuable and robust experimental system to assess coordinated responses of primary and secondary metabolism to metabolic and stress related signals. The use of suspension cultures combines the ease of handling microalgae in microtiter plates with the advantage of testing physiological responses of higher plants, notably in combination with the assessment of the response of photosynthetic activity by PAM chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as well as monitoring changes in secondary metabolite production and ROS formation by steady state fluorescence of plant fluorophores or introduced fluorescent probes. Photoautotrophic cultures provide various advantages as fast, highly sensitive, robust and high-through-put experimental system for screening and characterization of the impact of toxic compounds on higher plants. This opinion article discusses and critically evaluates the potential of photoautotrophic cultures of higher plants in combination with fluorescence imaging assays in microtiter plates as a complement to existing guidelines for testing the toxicity of chemicals in plants.

Topic: Algal biology and biofuel production
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effectiveness of Program Keluarga Harapan in Kendal Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the distribution and effectiveness of the program keluarga harapan in Kendal Regency as a poverty reduction program. This research uses mix method. The population of this study were all recipients of program keluarga harapan assistance with a sample of 100 respondents through purposive sampling technique. Analysis of the data is using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the variable of goal accuracy has not achieved the goal with a percentage value of 61.25%, the satisfaction variable with the program was obtained by being satisfied with the program with a percentage of 80.65% and the target accuracy variable obtained the target result was very precise with a percentage value of 61%. Suggestions related to this research are the need to immediately design technical guidelines for business assistance for the recipients, optimization of coaching by eliminating "poor mentality" by changing the character of society to work hard to break the poverty chain of their families, and the need for strong coordination between institution to reduce poverty.

Topic: SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
AN<i>XMM-NEWTON</i>VIEW OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 411

We present the first high signal-to-noise XMM-Newton observations of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 411. After fitting various spectral models, an absorbed double power-law continuum and a blurred relativistic disk reflection model (kdblur) are found to be equally plausible descriptions of the data. While the softer power-law component ($\Gamma$=2.11) of the double power-law model is entirely consistent with that found in Seyfert galaxies (and hence likely originates from a disk corona), the additional power law component is very hard ($\Gamma$=1.05); amongst the AGN zoo, only flat-spectrum radio quasars have such hard spectra. Together with the very flat radio-spectrum displayed by this source, we suggest that it should instead be classified as a FSRQ. This leads to potential discrepancies regarding the jet inclination angle, with the radio morphology suggesting a large jet inclination but the FSRQ classification suggesting small inclinations. The kdblur model predicts an inner disk radius of at most 20 r$_g$ and relativistic reflection.

Topic: Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Terraforming -- Environment Manipulation during Disruptions for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery

In automated warehouses, teams of mobile robots fulfill the packaging process by transferring inventory pods to designated workstations while navigating narrow aisles formed by tightly packed pods. This problem is typically modeled as a Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) problem, which is then solved by repeatedly planning collision-free paths for agents on a fixed graph, as in the Rolling-Horizon Collision Resolution (RHCR) algorithm. However, existing approaches make the limiting assumption that agents are only allowed to move pods that correspond to their current task, while considering the other pods as stationary obstacles (even though all pods are movable). This behavior can result in unnecessarily long paths which could otherwise be avoided by opening additional corridors via pod manipulation. To this end, we explore the implications of allowing agents the flexibility of dynamically relocating pods. We call this new problem Terraforming MAPD (tMAPD) and develop an RHCR-based approach to tackle it. As the extra flexibility of terraforming comes at a significant computational cost, we utilize this capability judiciously by identifying situations where it could make a significant impact on the solution quality. In particular, we invoke terraforming in response to disruptions that often occur in automated warehouses, e.g., when an item is dropped from a pod or when agents malfunction. Empirically, using our approach for tMAPD, where disruptions are modeled via a stochastic process, we improve throughput by over 10%, reduce the maximum service time (the difference between the drop-off time and the pickup time of a pod) by more than 50%, without drastically increasing the runtime, compared to the MAPD setting.

Topic: Optimization and Search Problems
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences