jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUCTION OF LARGE BONE DEFECTS BY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL DERIVED CHONDROGENIC CELLS (MSC-DC)

Reconstruction of 10mm segmental bone defects in rat by mesenchymal stem cell derived chondrogenic cells (MSC-DC) Background Mesenchymal stem cell derived condrogenic cells (MSC-DC) have excellent potential for healing 5 mm bone defect in rat femur. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of MSC-DC on bone healing in 10 mm segmental bone defects in rat femur. Methods 10 millimeter bone defects were produced in rat femur and fixed with external fixator. We divided this model into four groups according to the kind of graft for bone defects. These bone defects were grafted by MSC-DC seeded on a poly (DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold in Group A, MSC seeded on a PLGA scaffold in Group B, PLGA scaffold only in Group C, and autologus bone graft in Group D. The healing processes were monitored radiographically and studied biomechanically and histologically. Results All the bone defects in Group A healed radiographically with bridging callus formation at 4 weeks after the procedure, while none of Group B, C, and D had achieved bone union even at 8 weeks. Mechanical testing revealed that Group A showed approximately 40 % bending strength at 4 weeks compared with the contralateral side, and approximately 60 % at 8 weeks. In histology, Group A, maturation of bridging callus occurred from outside and enchondral ossification was prominent from inside. Conclusion This study showed that MSC-DC with PLGA scaffold enhances bone healing even in large bone defects.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
PointSCNet: Point Cloud Structure and Correlation Learning Based on Space-Filling Curve-Guided Sampling

Geometrical structures and the internal local region relationship, such as symmetry, regular array, junction, etc., are essential for understanding a 3D shape. This paper proposes a point cloud feature extraction network named PointSCNet, to capture the geometrical structure information and local region correlation information of a point cloud. The PointSCNet consists of three main modules: the space-filling curve-guided sampling module, the information fusion module, and the channel-spatial attention module. The space-filling curve-guided sampling module uses Z-order curve coding to sample points that contain geometrical correlation. The information fusion module uses a correlation tensor and a set of skip connections to fuse the structure and correlation information. The channel-spatial attention module enhances the representation of key points and crucial feature channels to refine the network. The proposed PointSCNet is evaluated on shape classification and part segmentation tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that the PointSCNet outperforms or is on par with state-of-the-art methods by learning the structure and correlation of point clouds effectively.

Topic: 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Direct Delivery of Functional Proteins and Enzymes to the Cytosol Using Nanoparticle-Stabilized Nanocapsules

Intracellular protein delivery is an important tool for both therapeutic and fundamental applications. Effective protein delivery faces two major challenges: efficient cellular uptake and avoiding endosomal sequestration. We report here a general strategy for direct delivery of functional proteins to the cytosol using nanoparticle-stabilized capsules (NPSCs). These NPSCs are formed and stabilized through supramolecular interactions between the nanoparticle, the protein cargo, and the fatty acid capsule interior. The NPSCs are ~130 nm in diameter and feature low toxicity and excellent stability in serum. The effectiveness of these NPSCs as therapeutic protein carriers was demonstrated through the delivery of fully functional caspase-3 to HeLa cells with concomitant apoptosis. Analogous delivery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) confirmed cytosolic delivery as well as intracellular targeting of the delivered protein, demonstrating the utility of the system for both therapeutic and imaging applications.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research fair: A three pronged innovative effort for fruitful publications out of post graduate dissertations

BACKGROUND: Medicine and research have almost become synonymous due to the emergence of evidence-based medicine. To keep up with the advancements in medical science, postgraduate students should learn the art and science of research. Postgraduate dissertations should take no longer a formality to acquire the degree but can be the best opportunity for disseminating their works as effective research publications.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We adapted research fair intervention to encourage the postgraduate students to publish their dissertation work. Students were asked to convert their dissertation into poster, which was adjudged by the experts from within and outside the institution. Best dissertation award competition was held to encourage them to showcase their work. The manuscript writing workshop was conducted to orient them on preparing a research article by making them work for the small group with the expert mentor.RESULTS: Among 100 students who participated in the research fair, 88 completed the feedback survey. The majority of the participants, 71.6% and 59.1%, mentioned that poster presentation and the feedback by the judges were very useful. About 54.5% of the participants mentioned that the manuscript writing workshop was very useful. Out of 100 manuscripts drafted during research fair, 78 (78.0%) have been submitted to various national and international journals. Out of these 21 articles are accepted for publication, 12 are published and 45 are in the review process. The overall success rate of the intervention was 42.3%.CONCLUSIONS: The research fair intervention was successful in encouraging feedback from the participants and the higher rate of submission for publication.

Topic: Education and Critical Thinking Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Participation of Students in Health Engaged Physical Activities and Importance of Universities Of Promotion of Hepa - Case Of University In Stip

Physical activity is important in every period of life - span. Being physically active during university studies, has important impact of overall development of the youth and their future life in sense of creating life - long habits for quality and active lifestyle. The aim of this study is to determine different aspects of everyday physical activity of students and the role of universities in promotion of HEPA. Study sample included 250 students from University "Goce Delcev" in Stip, Macedonia. A specially designed questionnaire was administrated. Basic statistic parameters were calculated. According the results, students are engaged in different forms of physical activity, with different weekly frequency, mainly 2 - 3 times per week, although we have small percent of students that were active 5 - 6 time per week and opposite, not active at all. Preferred type of sport is individual, but with little favorite for outdoor individual sports for females, compared with preferred indoor ball games from males. Most of the students don`t use active form of transportation to university, mainly because of distance with living place. Students reported that are familiar with wearable devices and monitoring forms of PA process and consider it important for personal motivations. Recommendations are given in a sense how to stimulate physical activity during university studies and how university can participate in this process.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sporulation by Peniophora gigantea with Reference to Control of Annosus Root Rot

Abstract Sporophores of Peniophora gigantea appeared first in autumn on inoculated pine stumps after winter and spring thinning in two stands near Athens, Georgia. Thereafter, some were present throughout one year, even in summer. Sporophores developed within a few months on slash from thinning, prior to occurrence on stumps. Regular petri dish exposures in one stand showed that basidiospores were dispersed during each season of the year. Deposition rates were as high as 126 spores/100 cm²/hr with 1-20 spores common. Low rates of up to 7 spores/100 cm²/hr were recorded for Fomes annosus . Basidiocarps of P. qigantea formed on pine branch and stem sections at constant temperatures up to 75°F in laboratory tests. It is suggested that inoculum of P. gigantea can be increased, to afford protection against stump invasion by F. annosus , by cutting scattered trees several months before a regular thinning.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Commission calls for evidence from people with genetic disorders

People affected by a genetic disorder will be given a chance to influence policy on genetics, a government watchdog said last week.

As it launched its first annual report, the Human Genetics Commission also announced plans to set up a consultative panel of around 100 people affected by a genetic disorder.

The panel, which will include patients, relatives, and carers, will act as a sounding board for the commission's reports and recommendations and will give the commission an insight into the concerns of people with a genetic disorder.

Baroness Helena Kennedy QC, …

Topic: BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Incorporation of Phosphorus Guest Ions in the Calcium Silicate Phases of Portland Cement from <sup>31</sup>P MAS NMR Spectroscopy

Portland cements may contain small quantities of phosphorus (typically below 0.5 wt % P(2)O(5)), originating from either the raw materials or alternative sources of fuel used to heat the cement kilns. This work reports the first (31)P MAS NMR study of anhydrous and hydrated Portland cements that focuses on the phase and site preferences of the (PO(4))(3-) guest ions in the main clinker phases and hydration products. The observed (31)P chemical shifts (10 to -2 ppm), the (31)P chemical shift anisotropy, and the resemblance of the lineshapes in the (31)P and (29)Si MAS NMR spectra strongly suggest that (PO(4))(3-) units are incorporated in the calcium silicate phases, alite (Ca(3)SiO(5)) and belite (Ca(2)SiO(4)), by substitution for (SiO(4))(4-) tetrahedra. This assignment is further supported by a determination of the spin-lattice relaxation times for (31)P in alite and belite, which exhibit the same ratio as observed for the corresponding (29)Si relaxation times. From simulations of the intensities, observed in inversion-recovery spectra for a white Portland cement, it is deduced that 1.3% and 2.1% of the Si sites in alite and belite, respectively, are replaced by phosphorus. Charge balance may potentially be achieved to some extent by a coupled substitution mechanism where Ca(2+) is replaced by Fe(3+) ions, which may account for the interaction of the (31)P spins with paramagnetic Fe(3+) ions as observed for the ordinary Portland cements. A minor fraction of phosphorus may also be present in the separate phase Ca(3)(PO(4))(2), as indicated by the observation of a narrow resonance at delta((31)P) = 3.0 ppm for two of the studied cements. (31)P{(1)H} CP/MAS NMR spectra following the hydration of a white Portland cement show that the resonances from the hydrous phosphate species fall in the same spectral range as observed for (PO(4))(3-) incorporated in alite. This similarity and the absence of a large (31)P chemical shift ansitropy indicate that the hydrous (PO(4))(3-) species are incorporated in the interlayers of the calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase, the principal phase formed upon hydration of alite and belite.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Characterization
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Ready or not? Pharmacist perceptions of a changing injection scope of practice before it happens

Background: Since 2012, Ontario pharmacists have been authorized to administer the influenza vaccine. In April 2016, the Ontario College of Pharmacists (OCP) proposed to expand the Pharmacy Act to allow pharmacists to vaccinate against 13 additional conditions. The OCP held an online public consultation and invited pharmacists, members of the public and organizations to weigh in on the proposed changes. Our objective was to explore the factors influencing how Ontario pharmacists may adopt or reject an expanding scope of practice, using data from the public consultation. Methods: We coded the responses to the public consultation in 2 ways: 1) sentiment analysis and 2) an integrative approach to coding using Rogers’s diffusion of innovations theory across 5 domains: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. Results: Responses from pharmacists, the public and organizations were moderately positive on average. Pharmacists most commonly mentioned relative advantages, including benefits for patients, pharmacists, physicians and the health system. Positive responses focused on accessibility for patients, improved vaccine coverage, lower health care spending and freed physician time but cited lack of prescribing privileges as a barrier to the proposed changes. Negative responses focused on increased workload, patient safety concerns and the complexity of travel medicine. Conclusions: The expanded immunization services are likely to be well received by most pharmacists. Convenience and accessibility for patients were commonly cited benefits, but the changes will be only a slight improvement over the current system unless pharmacists can prescribe these vaccines. Although employers responded positively, the question remains whether they will support pharmacists in a way that aligns with pharmacists’ values and expectations. Decision makers must pay close attention to the pharmacy infrastructure and how this will affect uptake of these services. Recognition of this, combined with pharmacists’ positive perceptions of the expanded scope, will facilitate smooth integration of this legislation into Ontario pharmacy practice.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enantioselective analysis of monoterpene compounds in essential oils by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE)–enantio‐MDGC–MS

Abstract Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), a recently introduced solventless extraction technique, was applied for the enantioselective analysis of chiral monoterpenes in tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil and thyme oil using enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (enantio‐MDGC–MS). In addition, headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) and in vivo headspace sorptive extraction ( in vivo HSSE) of the chiral monoterpenes in three aromatic and medicinal plants, thyme [ Thymus vulgaris (L.)], eucalyptus [ Eucalyptus globulus (L.)] and tea tree [ Melaleuca alternifolia (C.)], was investigated and the results of the different sampling techniques were compared and discussed. This method was utilized in order to establish characteristic authenticity profiles of the essential oils. Moreover, the enantiomeric ratios of the major and minor chiral components emitted in living plants were determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplemental Figure (3) from Upregulation of Cystathionine-β-Synthase in Colonic Epithelia Reprograms Metabolism and Promotes Carcinogenesis

&lt;p&gt;Effect of buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) on growth of CBS2 and vector control cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Research and Treatments
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Periorbital Subcutaneous Emphysema

Forty years old male was admitted with fever, cough and breathlessness since five days. Examination revealed signs of pleural effusion on left side of chest. Chest X-Ray showed left sided pleural effusion and left middle zone consolidation. Pleural fluid analysis suggested empyema. Patient was managed with intravenous antibiotics and left-sided inter-costal tube drainage. A day after thoracostomy patient developed swelling around eyes and thoracostomy site. Diffuse crepts were palpable around eyes, left side of chest and neck (Figure 1). CT confirmed the diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema around eyes and chest wall. Swelling disappeared with conservative management within next three days (Figure 2).
Periorbital emphysema is mostly due to disruption in the integrity of orbital boundaries because of trauma and subsequent orbital and sinus fractures. Less frequently follows dental surgeries. As a result of continuity of facial planes it can rarely occur as a result of spread from neck and chest subcutaneous tissue.

Topic: Pneumothorax, Barotrauma, Emphysema
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Light-induced conical intersection effect enhancing the localization of molecules in optical lattices

The cold weakly bound ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}$ molecule dressed by a standing linear polarized laser wave is investigated. In such a case the light-induced conical intersections (LICIs) occur. We demonstrate that when the LICI conditions are fulfilled the transition from the weakly trapped rubidium dimer in the red-detuned optical lattice to the strongly trapped rubidium dimer in the blue-detuned optical lattice takes place. A significant localization enhancement of the molecule is observed.

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Interactional Justice, and Job Satisfaction on Performance

This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership, justice organization, physical work environment a,d job satisfaction on the employees performance of BMKG West Sumatera.This research is included in causative research with analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The population in this study were all BMKG employees in West Sumatera with a total sample of 103 respondents.The results showed transformational leadership had a positive and significant effect on employee performance.Interactional justice has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.Physical work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction.Interactional justice has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction and the physical work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Cephalosporin acylases: enzyme production, structure and application in the production of 7-ACA.

Cephalosporin acylases have application in the production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid which forms a key raw material for the preparation of semisynthetic injectable cephalosporins. The enzymes are of industrial importance and hyperproducing genetically engineered strains have been constructed. Different aspects of these enzymes such as subunit structure, post translational modification, primary structure, substrate specificity and their importance in pharmaceutical industry are discussed.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Territorial Government

The Federal Republic of Germany's establishment can be seen as resting upon three fundamental principles: parliamentary democracy, the rule of law (which also sets down certain social responsibilities in the sozialer Rechtsstaat, Social constitutional state) and a federal system of government. The practice of all three principles has evolved over the period since 1949. In the case of federalism the changes have been particularly great and have led some observers to question whether the very principle of federalism has been undermined.

Topic: Law and Political Science
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular systematics of the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae

The definition of the chrysophytes has changed over time, especially after electron microscopic and molecular systematic techniques were applied. Historically, the group was classified based upon light microscopic observations that emphasized flagellar number, life forms, and other morphological features; these were summarized using three keystone publications. Electron microscopic observations caused taxonomic revisions, especially at the class level, and as groups were removed from the Chrysophyceae sensu stricto , a number of new classes were formed. Molecular phylogenetic analysis brought to question the separation of the class Synurophyceae and the classification of the Chrysophyceae based upon morphology. This chapter provides more critical examination of some taxa examined previously, and it analyses new SSU rRNA and rbc L gene sequences that provide greater taxon sampling. The separation of the two classes was weakly supported in a combined gene analysis,

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Mandatory regulations and standards regarding cosmetic botanic ingredients in major countries and regions].

Cosmetics containing botanic ingredients have been used from thousands of years up to now in China. Because of the consumers&apos; demand for health and beauty,the number of products about &quot; botanic&quot; have been growing rapidly in the cosmetics market,which has played an important role in upgrading the industry and enhancing the international competitiveness nowadays. Therefore,to strengthen the management about used botanic raw materials in cosmetics products and revise the application regulation of new raw materials has become an important work to ensure product quality,promote the healthy and stable development of cosmetic business. The article summarizes the related mandatory regulations and standards about botanic ingredients which used as activity function in major cosmetic business countries or regions. Furthermore,the information of botanic ingredients commonly used in non-special cosmetics notification and special cosmetic registration system were described to expect the better application and development.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences