jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Information for 2014 Farm Bill Decisions

Deadlines for making commodity program decisions for each Farm Service Agency farm are well into the future. February 27, 2015 is the deadline for yield updating and acre reallocation decisions. March 31, 2015 is the deadline for program choice decisions. Market outlook and projected program payments will be clearer as deadlines approach. As a result, there is no need to rush these decisions. However, obtaining the necessary information to make decisions for each farm is a good task for now. FSA sent a letter in August containing current base acres, program yields, and acres planted from 2009 through 2012. In addition, yields from 2009 through 2013 will be needed when making commodity program decisions.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Policy
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Android based Diabetic Manager to Enhance Compliance and to Control Blood Glucose Level among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia

Android Based Diabetic Manager (ABDM) is an application used for diabetic patients to control their diet. This application is an easy way to remind them in consuming foods and giving them alert when its necessary calories have been achieved. This study was conducted in response to technological developments in the Era 4.0 to help people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through diet control that can be done independently. This study was conducted in the city of Magelang aimed to evaluate whether using ABMD was effective to improve patients adherence in their diet and to control their blood glucose levels. This experimental study was using pre test and post test with control group design. By using simple random sampling, 52 people suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus recruited in this study devided into two groups, ABDM group and control group. The Pearson Chi-Square test result showed that there was significantly different between ABDM group and control group in the status of blood glucose control and patient adherence with p value was 0.048and 0.000 respectively (p value &lt;0.05). This result indicated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which could be interpreted that Android based Diabetic Managerapplication influenced the status of blood sugar control and improved the patient adherence in managing their diet. Android based Diabetic Managerapplication influenced the status of blood sugar control and improved the patient adherence in managing their diet. Recomendation was made to conduct future study in the wider Diabetes community by adding more complete types of menu list and its variations in the Android based Diabetic Manager.

Topic: Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 15, 2014 1581 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.4.1581 Docetaxel and Cisplatin in First Line Treatment of Unknown Primary Cancer: A Multicenter ASMO Study

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) accounts for 2-10 % of all malignancies and accepted as metastatic cancer (Fizzazi et al., 2011; Pavlidis et al., 2012; Greco

Topic: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Support Vector Machine Algorithm Based On Feature Selection For The Heart Disease Diagnosis System

Current medicine produces a great deal of information deposited in the medical database. Extracting useful knowledge and making scientific decision for diagnosis and treatment of disease from the database increasingly becomes necessary. Data mining in medicine can deal with this problem. It can also recover the management level of hospital information and sponsor the development of tele-medicine and community medicine. The medical field is primarily directed at patient care activity and only secondarily as a research resource. The only justification for collecting medical data is to benefit the individual patient. In data mining there are numerous ways, methods to predict any illness and different researches are still going on. Data mining technique in the history of medical data found with enormous investigations found that the prediction of heart disease is very important in medical science. In the medical past it is observed that the un-structured data as mixed data and it is observed that the data formed with different attributes should be analyzed to predict and provide information for making a diagnosis of a heart patient. Various techniques in Data Mining have been applied to predict the heart disease patients. But, the indecision in the data was not detached with the systems accessible in data mining and implemented by various authors. To remove uncertainty of unstructured data, an attempt was made by introducing selective in the measured data. A membership function was designed and incorporated with the measured value to remove uncertainty and selection data was used to predict the heart disease patients.. Further, an attempt was made to classify the patients based on the attributes collected from the medical field. The maximum distance calculates the based on K-means, genetic and support vector machine classifier was designed to classify the training and testing data belonging to different classes. It was found that genetic and support vector machine classifier suits well as compared with other classifiers of parametric techniques.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Joint Sensor Selection and Placement in Partially Controllable Localization Networks

This paper investigates the joint sensor selection and placement (JSSP) problem in a time difference of arrival (TDOA)-based partially controllabel localization networks, which consists of the existing network (E-Net) and the supplementary network (S-Net). The quantity of localization-enable nodes (LENs) should be well designed to save energy so that the sensor selection in E-Net and sensor placement in S-Net are worthy of study. Therefore, we introduce a Boolean vector to formulate the JSSP optimization problem that minimizes the localization error for the source under the constraints of LENs quantity and placement area of S-Net. Since the problem is highly non-convex to the decision variables, two heuristic algorithms, block enumerative comparison (BEC) algorithm and iterative swapping greedy (ISG) algorithm, are proposed to approach the sub-optimal JSSP solutions. The simulation shows that the localization accuracy of the proposed algorithms is always close to the benchmark algorithm with the varying TDOA measurement noise strength and the quantity of the LENs.

Topic: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sentencing Reform Structures

Sentencing reforms have been implemented or considered in recent years in Europe, North America, and Australia. Major initiatives have been undertaken in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and various Canadian provinces and Australian and American states. Most have been efforts to reduce sentencing disparities, among other and differing goals. Constitutional objections to limitation or elimination of judicial discretion have seldom been successful. The principle of respect for judicial independence to decide cases free from bias, partiality, or undue influence is distinguishable from the principle that the judge's sentencing discretion must be wholly unregulated. Reforms have included mandatory sentencing laws; statutory "fixed point" guidelines; presumptive, strengthened appellate sentence review; and improved information systems. What "works best" necessarily depends on the legal and political situation in each jurisdiction.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of bridge-structures under fire impact: A case study approach

This master thesis deals with the behavior of steel girder highway bridges under small vehicle fires. Fire at and below highway bridges are a common problem for bridge structures. Unlike in tunnels or buildings the consideration of fire hazard is no mandatory aspect of bridge design. However, the high amount of fire incidents on highways and the important function that bridges have in the infrastructure resulted in a few case studies to explain the failure process of a bridge. All of these case studies deal with collapses of the bridge structure caused by gasoline tanker fires. The behavior of steel girder bridges under small vehicle fires without a collapse of a bridge is not included in any case study yet. This thesis shall establish understanding of the post-fire behavior of a steel girder under a vehicle fire with several boundary conditions. A special topic in this thesis is the analysis of a micro-crack included in the steel girder. Micro-cracks can be caused by fatigue or by the fabrication of the girder among other things. This is also a first attempt to consider the condition of a highway bridge in the analysis of a steel girder bridge under a fire impact. The fire impacts used in this thesis contains temperatures less than hydrocarbon fires (maximum temperature of 1100 °C), that are used to represent gasoline tanker fires, but higher temperatures than external fires which are not caused by fuel or gas (maximum temperature of (600 °C - 700 °C). The case study provided in this thesis is carried out using the finite element software Abaqus. The structural model of the chosen hypothetical highway bridge is a two span beam. To simplify the numerical model just one steel girder connected to a concrete deck instead of a complete is used. This offers detailed modeling of the structure and the consideration of many possible mechanisms of the structure. The numerical model considers a variation of the fire impact, the fire location, horizontal restrains and the number of spans of the bridge. The results of the case study can be transferred to a complete highway bridge. The acknowledgment can also be transferred to different static models of bridges.

Topic: Fire effects on concrete materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantized Distributed Optimization Schemes: A monotone operator approach

Recently, the effects of quantization on the Primal-Dual Method of Multipliers were studied.&lt;br/&gt;In this thesis, we have used this method as an example to further investigate the effects of quantization on distributed optimization schemes in a much broader sense. Using monotone operator theory, the effect of quantization on all distributed optimization algorithms that can be cast as a monotone operator was researched for two different problem subclasses. The averaging problem was used as an example of a quadratic problem, while the Gaussian channel capacity problem was an example of the non-linear problem subclass. A fixed bit rate quantizer was used in combination with a dynamic cell width, to analyse the robustness of distributed optimization schemes against quantization effects. In particular, we have shown that for practical implementations it is possible to incorporate fixed bit rate quantization with dynamic cell width in a distributed optimization algorithm without loss of performance for both problem classes.&lt;br/&gt;

Topic: Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
How does patients' quality of life guide their preferences regarding aspects of asthma therapy?: a patient-preference study using discrete-choice experiment methodology.

Patients who reported higher HR-QOL were willing to pay more to avoid days with symptoms and asthma attacks that required visits to their doctor/ER. Hypotheses were explored to explain this effect. It is possible that people with the least impairment of HR-QOL place the greatest value on avoiding the effects of asthma and so are most willing to alter their behavior. People with the worst HR-QOL may be exhibiting a response shift type of effect whereby their internal values are shifted down by the burden of their disease. These findings may help to illuminate why there are differences in asthma treatment adherence.

Topic: Behavioral Health and Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Superparticles Formed by Amphiphilic Tadpole-like Single Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles and Their Application as an Ultrasonic Responsive Drug Carrier

Herein, we report self-assembly of tadpole-like single chain polymeric nanoparticles (TPPs) and the ultrasonic response of the resultant superparticles. The TPPs are with an intramolecularly crosslinked poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl pent-4-ynoate)-r-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PMAEP-r-PHEMA) chain as the “head” and a poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) linear chain as the “tail”, and are prepared simply and efficiently by Glaser-coupling of the pendant alkynes in the PMAEP-r-PHEMA block in the common solvent methanol. The formation of the TPPs was confirmed by gel permeation chromatograph, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, static dynamic scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. In aqueous solution, the amphiphilic TPPs could self-assemble into regular superparticles, driven by aggregation of the hydrophobic “heads”. Since in the structure there is no chain entanglement and the embedding of PDMAEMA chains disturb close-packing of the “heads”, the superparticles are responsive to a low-energy ultrasonic vibration, as evidenced by greatly enhanced release of the functional molecules from the superparticles by treatment of a low-energy ultrasound. Therefore, the superparticles should be very promising in the use as the drug carriers that can be manipulated from a long distance, considering that ultrasonic energy can be focused at a small area in a relatively long distance from the ultrasound-radiating source.

Topic: Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some remarks on the model theory of epistemic plausibility models

Classical logics of knowledge and belief are usually interpreted on Kripke\nmodels, for which a mathematically well-developed model theory is available.\nHowever, such models are inadequate to capture dynamic phenomena. Therefore,\nepistemic plausibility models have been introduced. Because these are much\nricher structures than Kripke models, they do not straightforwardly inherit the\nmodel-theoretical results of modal logic. Therefore, while epistemic\nplausibility structures are well-suited for modeling purposes, an extensive\ninvestigation of their model theory has been lacking so far. The aim of the\npresent paper is to fill exactly this gap, by initiating a systematic\nexploration of the model theory of epistemic plausibility models. Like in\n'ordinary' modal logic, the focus will be on the notion of bisimulation. We\ndefine various notions of bisimulations (parametrized by a language L) and show\nthat L-bisimilarity implies L-equivalence. We prove a Hennesy-Milner type\nresult, and also two undefinability results. However, our main point is a\nnegative one, viz. that bisimulations cannot straightforwardly be generalized\nto epistemic plausibility models if conditional belief is taken into account.\nWe present two ways of coping with this issue: (i) adding a modality to the\nlanguage, and (ii) putting extra constraints on the models. Finally, we make\nsome remarks about the interaction between bisimulation and dynamic model\nchanges.\n

Topic: Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association of oral manifestations in ulcerative colitis: A pilot study

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic tissue destructive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of autoimmune origin characterized by predominant bowel symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and relapsing and remitting rectal bleeding, leading to loss of weight. Extraintestinal manifestations, including involvement of the oral cavity, may also occur. Oral involvement during IBD includes aphthous ulcers, pyostomatitis vegetans (PV) and lichen planus (LP). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to document the oral manifestations in UC patients and also to evaluate whether oral manifestation can predict relapse and remission of UC. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (8 men and 7 women) diagnosed for UC, in clinics of gastroenterology (with disease duration 5–15 years), with equal age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All study participants were subjected to intraoral examination to evaluate for oral manifestation. The same patients were also asked a series of questions in the form of questionnaire to evaluate possible association between occurrence of oral manifestations and relapse of UC episode. Results: PV, minor aphthous ulcer, LP, halitosis, dysgeusia, dry mouth, tongue coating, gingivitis and periodontitis were documented as oral manifestations in UC. PV, minor aphthous ulcer and LP exhibited relapse and remission with the severity of UC. Conclusion: Our study revealed numerous and varied intraoral manifestations among the patients with UC. The previous episodes of oral manifestations were also similar and reported exacerbation of oral manifestations during relapses. Thus, oral manifestations can be used as an indicator of relapse in UC.

Topic: Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Seasoned judgments: the American Constitution, rights, and history

Leonard Levy's new book, a compendium of his law review articles, book chapters, and basic shorter writings on themes with which he has long been identified, is a treasure chest of sound and reasonable analysis of American constitutional history. As one reviewer of the manuscript put matters: There is a clinker amongst them. For anyone who thinks that liberal analysis has grown soft and flabby, a good dose of Levy's book should set the record straight. Seasoned Judgments is divided into three parts: Rights, Constitutional History, and The Marshall Court. In this progression from the general to the concrete, Levy never ignores the context as well as the content of the judicial process. Indeed, it is this linkage that separates him from nearly all other commentators and writers on the subjects covered. Whether discussing why the original Constitution lacked a Bill or Rights, or why the Fourth Amendment uses the imperative form shall not rather than the conditional form ought not, the reader enters a world of explanation rich in detail and carful scholarly elaboration. Well-known as editor in chief of the multivolumed Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, this new volume extracts some of Levy's own contributions to that effort. As a result, one can, for the first time, gain a clear sense of the author's own profound sense of the major issues confronting American law from the founding fathers to the present. The analysis of such still unresolved issues as flag desecration, the exclusionary rule, testimonial compulsion, taxation without representation, and the nature of the Constitution itself, will be of tremendous appeal to historians and political scientists as well as attorneys and judges.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Diet as an Adjunct Therapy in Reducing Chemotherapy Toxicities and Improving Patients Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review analyzed existing literature regarding the relationship between different diets and chemotherapy toxicities, as well as the quality of life (QOL) among patients undergoing treatment. It aims to identify the most advantageous diet for cancer patients. PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were used to select randomized control trials (RCTs) assessing the relationship between a specific diet and chemotherapy toxicities and/or QOL in patients as of October 2023. Out of 1,419 records, 11 RCTs were included. Analyses were stratified by diet type. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from the random-effect model using STATA. We included 7 studies testing fasting variations; 1 testing a ketogenic diet; 1 testing a Mediterranean diet; 1 testing a plant-based, high-protein diet; and 1 testing an anti-inflammatory diet. Four fasting studies were in the meta-analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of chemotherapy toxicities between fasting and non-fasting patients. There is insufficient evidence to determine which dietary intervention is the most advantageous, however, there is evidence that all the diets examined may complement conventional cancer therapy by helping to reduce chemotherapy toxicities. No intervention can be ruled out. More research is needed in this field.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Heat transfer enhancement techniques for Space Station cold plates

Two attachment techniques for mounting electronic equipment to Space Station cold plates were analyzed and compared using thin foils of lead, tin, aluminum, and copper to enhance the thermal contact conductance. The two techniques evaluated included a 70- x 70-mm bolted attachment technique and an attachment scheme using an inflatable bladder. The results indicate that, even in the presence of the metallic foils, the bolted technique results in large variations in the local thermal contact conductance over the surface of the cold plate, whereas the pressurized bladder yields more uniform local contact conductance values. The results indicated that the lead foil provided an enhancement factor of approximately 3, the tin foil an enhancement factor of approximately 1.5, the aluminum an enhancement factor of approximately 1.0, and the copper an enhancement factor of approximately 0.9.

Topic: Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hypoxia-Induced Loss of Consciousness in Multiple Synchronized Swimmers During a Workout

Hyperventilation by swimmers can lead to hypoxia and loss of consciousness. In this retrospective case series we describe the simultaneous onset of hypoxia in multiple 13-15-year-old female synchronized swimmers of an elite synchronized swim team based on review of Health Department and emergency medical service reports. All six swimmers performing hypoxic drills developed hypoxic symptoms (fatigue, inability to move legs, disorientation, tunnel vision, and/or loss of consciousness) and four required rescue. All swimmers regained consciousness at the scene and recovered. Two swimmers not performing hypoxic drills were unaffected. Of the environmental evaluations, only pool water temperature was higher than the recommended levels. Hyperventilation with hypoxic training can be life-threatening and should be prohibited. Duration of hypoxic drills should be limited. Emergency response plans should be practiced.

Topic: High Altitude and Hypoxia
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences