jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven approach for early detection of pathological pathways in middle‐aged adults with family history of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Background In a sample of cognitively unimpaired (CU) middle‐aged adults with family history (FH) of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we (i) classified participants based on similarity patterns of expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, axonal damage, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial response, and (ii) characterized the participants expressing these patterns using neuroimaging, demographics, clinical, and FH variables. Method 254 CU participants with FH of sporadic AD from the ALFA study (Table 1) underwent imaging, lumbar puncture, clinical, and neuropsychological evaluations. CSF‐biomarkers Ab42, Ab40, NfL, neurogranin, sTREM2, YKL40 and GFAP were measured by Roche NeuroToolKit immunoassays; p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 were measured with an in‐house Simoa‐based assay, p‐tau231 with an ADx ELISA, and SYT1 and SNAP25 using immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry. Participants were clustered using an agglomerative clustering algorithm according to their similarity of CSF‐biomarker expression–Subsequently, we performed statistical groups comparisons. Result Four clusters were identified. Higher Aβ burden (lower Aβ 42 / 40 ) was the hallmark of only 1 cluster (C1: “AD‐like” , mean centiloid [CL]: 15), while the other 3 clusters showed lower Aβ burden but higher expression of Glial (C2), Tau (C3, “SNAP‐like ”), or synaptic (C4) markers (mean CL: ‐2.6, ‐4.5, ‐2.2, respectively) (Figure 1). The “AD like” cluster comprised the oldest participants with the lowest memory performances (C1&lt;C2&lt;C3&lt;C4), the highest frequency of APOE‐ε4 carriers (C1&gt;C3&gt;C2&gt;C4), participants with the closest age to the parental onset (C1&gt;C2&gt;C4&gt;C3), and low gray matter in the hippocampus and AD‐sensitive regions (C1&lt;C3&lt;C4). The “Glial” cluster showed a higher proportion of hypertensive participants (C2&gt;all) with preserved executive performances and hippocampus (C2&gt;all). The “SNAP‐like” cluster, composed mainly by females (80%), showed the highest proportion of participants with both parents affected with AD and the lowest hippocampus volume (C3&lt;all). The “ Synaptic” cluster showed a greater proportion of males, with the best memory performance among the clusters. Conclusion In CU middle‐aged adults, we identified differential expressions of CSF‐biomarkers conforming to Aβ‐dependent and independent biological pathways, some of which resemble previously described biomarker conditions such as SNAP. These distinct biomarker expressions were associated with specific imaging and clinical features. Longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the clinical progression of participants showing these distinct biomarker profiles.

Topic: Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparing Teacher Candidates with Global Competencies: Taking Action on the Global Water Crisis with Service Learning

Clean water is a basic necessity for sustaining life. Not only important for drinking, water is also necessary for good health and sanitation. The United Nations emphasizes the need for clean water in their Sustainable Development Goal 6, which seeks to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all people of the world by 2030. Despite the global attention related to accessing clean water, many future educators are not aware of issues related to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (i.e., WASH) nor are they aware of the extent of the global water crisis. It is imperative that teacher education helps prepare teacher candidates to become globally competent as well as equipped to guide classroom students into taking action on WASH-related issues, including the global water crisis. The aim of this article is to describe and report on a case study of the implementation of a global service-learning project with teacher candidates. The case study is situated at a regional, teaching-focused university located in the southcentral region of the United States (n = 49). Our study examines teacher candidates' perceptions of the service-learning project in relation to developing global competencies like "Investigating the World" and "Taking Action" about WASH issues.

Topic: Global Education and Multiculturalism
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thai teachers with low/high burnout and their perceptions of teaching with Special Education Needs (SEN)

The primary aim of this study is to examine the phenomenon of burnout among teachers of pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and how this phenomenon relates to a) teacher's career motivations; b) teacher's career motivations in relation to teaching pupils with SEN; c)&#13;\ntheir perceptions of positive and/or negative aspects of teaching pupils with SEN, and d) teachers' use of coping strategies. The data were collected from SEN teachers working in ChiangMai province (Thailand) using the burnout inventory, questionnaires, and semistructured interviews. Two groups of teachers were identified as having the lowest and highest levels of burnout. Sixteen from each group were interviewed and the data analyzed using five categories adapted from Maslow's hierarchy of needs- physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualisation.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe main findings show that the two groups share similar perceptions in terms of the positive aspects of teaching pupils with SEN. However they differ in their motivations to teach regular pupils and pupils with SEN. The research also delves into the negative aspects of teaching&#13;\npupils with SEN, and the coping strategies they used when experiencing stressful situations. Based on the five categories, esteem and self-actualization are seen to play a bigger role in differentiating the two groups. As a result, promoting teachers' esteem and self-actualization&#13;\nwill be crucial in maintaining or increasing their efficiency. The findings suggest that this can be achieved by enhancing these teachers' skills which will subsequently raise their confidence. Other suggestions include recognizing their performance and providing opportunities for them to be more effective in performing their duties.

Topic: Teacher Professional Development and Motivation
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Vehicular Fog Computing-Planning and Design

With the advent of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), coupled with enormous number of devices performing computational and storage tasks between the cloud and users, Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) can be an answer to the surging challenges in today's Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, the decentralized and heterogeneous nature of VFC infrastructures makes Vehicular Fog Network Planning (VFNP) problem complex and challenging. To deal with this problem, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model that determines the optimal location, the capacity and the number of Fog Computing Nodes (FCN) towards minimizing the overall network delay and energy consumption. By running an example problem on default settings of GAMS CPLEX solver, we demonstrate the working of VFNP model and the associated constraints. We also analyzed the delay and energy variation for different problem sizes. The results show that, as the input size increases the overall delay increases linearly, the energy consumption follows parabolic path and the solution time shows a non-deterministic polynomial (NP) behavior.

Topic: Transportation and Mobility Innovations
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Influence of Myrj 59 on the Solubility, Toxicity and Activity of Amphotericin B

Abstract The effect of Myrj 59 (a polyoxyethyleneglycol derivative of stearic acid) on amphotericin B (Am B) solubility, toxicity and activity has been investigated. We showed that Myrj 59 could solubilize the antibiotic. Moreover, it also decreased and abolished the haemolytic activity of the drug by increasing the resistance of the red blood cells and impairing the interaction of Am B with the cellular membrane cholesterol, but it did not modify the in-vitro antifungal activity of the drug. On the other hand, Myrj 59 did not decrease the acute in-vivo toxicity of the drug (LD50 and nephrotoxicity). In a previous study we have shown that a polyoxyethyleneglycol derivative of cholesterol could solubilize Am B and was able to decrease the in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity of the antibiotic without altering its in-vitro antifungal activity. The results of the present study suggest that the cholesterol moiety of the surfactant is not necessary to decrease the in-vitro lytic activity of the drug but could play a role in the reduction of the in-vivo toxicity.

Topic: Transgenic Plants and Applications
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep Learning for Spectrum Sensing

In cognitive radio systems, the ability to accurately detect primary user's signal is essential to secondary user in order to utilize idle licensed spectrum. Conventional energy detector is a good choice for blind signal detection, while it suffers from the well-known SNR-wall due to noise uncertainty. In this letter, we firstly propose a deep learning based signal detector which exploits the underlying structural information of the modulated signals, and is shown to achieve the state of the art detection performance, requiring no prior knowledge about channel state information or background noise. In addition, the impacts of modulation scheme and sample length on performance are investigated. Finally, a deep learning based cooperative detection system is proposed, which is shown to provide substantial performance gain over conventional cooperative sensing methods.

Topic: Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High‐Betweenness Proteins in the Yeast Protein Interaction Network

Structural features found in biomolecular networks that are absent in random networks produced by simple algorithms can provide insight into the function and evolution of cell regulatory networks. Here we analyze “betweenness” of network nodes, a graph theoretical centrality measure, in the yeast protein interaction network. Proteins that have high betweenness, but low connectivity (degree), were found to be abundant in the yeast proteome. This finding is not explained by algorithms proposed to explain the scale‐free property of protein interaction networks, where low‐connectivity proteins also have low betweenness. These data suggest the existence of some modular organization of the network, and that the high‐betweenness, low‐connectivity proteins may act as important links between these modules. We found that proteins with high betweenness are more likely to be essential and that evolutionary age of proteins is positively correlated with betweenness. By comparing different models of genome evolution that generate scale‐free networks, we show that rewiring of interactions via mutation is an important factor in the production of such proteins. The evolutionary and functional significance of these observations are discussed.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of flavonoid glycosides. V. Synthesis and taste of some analogs of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone.

The following ten new analogs of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (DHC) (I) were synthesized: Hesperetin DHC-4'-β-L-quinovopyranoside (XXVII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXVIII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXIX), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXX), hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXI), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucotide) (XXXIII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-mannopyr-anosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXIV), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXXV), and hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXXVI). The compounds XXVII, XXVIII, XXX and XXXII are 1.97, 3.4, 3.4 and 10.2 times sweeter than saccharin, respectively. From the organoleptic data, it was concluded that in the molecule I, methyl group and gauche conformation of vicinal glycol group at carbons 2 and 3 of L-rhamnose unit, and α1→2 linkage in rhamnosyl glucose are important requirements for the elicitation of intense sweet taste.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cation Extraction of 20‐Crown‐6 Possessing Carbon‐Carbon Double Bond in the Ring.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
"The Data Are Irrelevant”: Comment on Reber and Alcock (2019)

The rebuttal by Reber and Alcock (2019) to an umbrella meta-analysis of the evidence for parapsychological (psi) phenomena (Cardeña, 2018) purposefully did not engage with the data and analyses in that paper. Instead, the authors proposed that because they and some physicists consider psi phenomena to be impossible there is no need to consider the data. After some background information, this commentary discusses how: 1) Reber and Alcock's disregard for the data goes against a core tenet of science, 2) eminent physicists have not considered psi phenomena to be incompatible with their discipline and some have even proposed theories to explain it, so no definite conclusion can be advanced with regard to the impossibility of psi phenomena based on physics, and 3) Reber and Alcock misrepresent the history and current status of psi research.

Topic: Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Solid state transformation of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;cis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trans&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; methylcyclopentadienyl molybdenumdicarbonyltriphenylphosphineiodide on pelleting utilizing different diluents

[(η5-C5H4Me)Mo(CO)2PPh3I] undergoes solid state transformation on the formation of a good pellet for FT IR measurement. There was a formation of the products mixture on pelleting using different diluents of group I metal salts on either the cis or the trans isomer of the [(η5-C5H4Me)Mo(CO)2PPh3I] complex. The cis or the trans isomer gave the same IR spectra i.e. a mixture of cis and trans isomer of the complex. It does not matter the isomer started with in the course of solid state transformation reaction, an equilibrium ratio of 30/70 (trans/cis) will still be achieved. The solid state IR spectra show very strong peaks at νco 1957, 1947 and strong peaks at 1867, 1853 cm–1. The individual IR cis/trans isomer will therefore show at 1947 and 1853/1957 and 1867 cm–1. The solution IR spectra gave, cis = 1961, 1875 and trans = 1963, 1882 cm–1 in dry CHCl3. Hence, most of the solid state IR measurement of the organometallic complex of the type (η5-C5H4Me)Mo(CO)2(PPh3)I on pelleting will give isomer mixture.

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stabilization of transgene expression by incorporation of E3 region genes into an adenoviral factor IX vector and by transient anti-CD4 treatment of the host.

Complex interactions between replication deficient adenoviral vectors (Ad5) and the immune system of the host influence the stability of transgenes in vivo. Vector-infected cells are attacked by diverse cellular immune mechanisms which limit transgene persistence. On the other hand, the products of several E3 region genes of wild-type adenovirus can suppress host immune reactions by interference with the expression of MHC class I molecules and by other mechanisms. We have developed an adenoviral vector for human factor IX (Ad5E3+FIX) which carries the E3 region of wild-type adenovirus, and an E3-deleted vector of otherwise similar structure (ad5 delta E3FIX). Intravenous injection of Ad5E3+FIX in C57BI/6 mice resulted in expression levels up to 6000 ng/ml of recombinant human factor IX in the mouse plasma and in enhanced transgene stability as compared with the vector Ad5 delta E3FIX. Whereas expression from E3-deleted vectors was essentially turned off 8 weeks after the gene transfer, the vector Ad5E3+FIX3+FIX supported transgene expression with therapeutic levels of human factor IX in the mouse plasma for > 4 months. The enhanced stability of the vector Ad5E3+FIX appears to be a consequence of efficient E3 region-mediated suppression of the host's antivector immune response. As an additional approach to improving transgene stability the influence of transient CD4+ T cell depletion of the host was investigated. CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes contribute to the clearance of adenovirus-infected cells and play a pivotal role in the activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and as helper T cells in the formation of human adenovirus neutralizing antibodies (HANA). Transient anti-CD4 treatment of the host limited to the time of vector injection resulted in a significant prolongation of transgene expression from the factor IX vector Ad5E3+FIX and a luciferase vector Ad5Luc. The combination of transient anti-CD4 treatment of the host and integration of a complete E3 region in an adenoviral vector resulted in markedly improved transgene stability after gene transfer to the liver (therapeutic factor IX levels for > 6 months).

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
High resolution absorption spectroscopy on rare earth doped insulating materials: BaY<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> and YAl<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> single crystals and sol‐gel silica glasses

Abstract The electronic energy transitions occurring in rare earth (RE) ions within the intraconfigurational 4f shell give rise at low temperature to very narrow absorption lines. Even if the shielded 4f shells are weakly coupled with the surrounding, the RE electronic configuration represents a very sensitive probe for the crystal field at the impurity site. Temperature dependent high‐resolution absorption measurements can then provide a deep insight into the local crystal field and into the ion interaction with the host lattice. Examples of high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements performed both on crystalline materials (namely fluoride and borate single crystals) and on sol‐gel silica glasses containing nanocrystals are provided and discussed. Correlated analysis based on experimental data and crystal‐field calculations is presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle Fed Ensiled Soybean Straw Treated with Various Alkalis

ABSTRACT A beef growing-finishing study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding ensiled chopped soybean straw (SBS) (35% dry matter) treated with various alkalis on performance carcass characteristics. Concentrations of alkalis used in the diets were either 0 (control) or 4% (w/w) of the straw dry matter. A fescue hay (FH) diet was used as a positive control. Thirty-five Angus and Hereford steer and heifer calves averaging 202 kg body weight were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Treatments were: (1) water, (2) NaOH, (3) Ca(OH)2, (4) NH4OH, and (5) FH. The diets were fed 141 days including a 21-day adaptation period. Sodium hydroxide and Ca(OH)2 treatments decreased (P < 0.05) the organic matter concentration while the NH4OH increased (P < 0.05) the nitrogen level of the straw. Alkali treatments decreased (P < 0.05) the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and increased (P < 0.05) the hemicellulose contents of the straw compared to the water treatment. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among final weights and average daily gain of animals fed alkali treated forage and those fed fescue hay. Average dry matter intake and feed:grain ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Also, alkali treatments increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight compared the water treatment, whereas other carcass characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Cattle fed the NH4OH treated SBS had the highest (P < 0.05) plasma urea-N (PUN) and ruminal ammonia-N concentrations than those fed the other treatments. Plasma urea-N did not differ (P > 0.05) among cattle fed SBS treated with NaOH, Ca(OH)2 or water and those fed FH diets. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations were the lowest (P < 0.05) for cattle fed NaOH treated SBS. Ruminal pH value was the lowest (P < 0.05) for cattle fed the ensiled control compared to the other treatment groups. Alkali treatments did not (P > 0.05) affect the molar concentrations of VFAs. Molar proportion of acetate was higher (P < 0.05) for animals fed NaOH treated SBS than for those fed the water treatment. Molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, valerate, as well as acetate:propionate ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences