jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in a multicenter study for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults

Abstract In a prospective multicenter study, 368 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients aged 15 to 65 years were treated with an intensified induction and reinduction regimen; 272 (73.9%) achieved complete remission (CR). The median remission duration (MRD) is 24.3 months, and the probability of being in continuous CR (CCR) at greater than 5 years is .37. The median survival for all 368 patients is 27.5 months, and the probability of being alive at 5 years is .39. For the 272 patients in remission the median survival is 58.4 months, and the probability of being alive at 5 years is .49. A lower CR rate was seen for patients with bleeding at diagnosis or with splenomegaly/hepatosplenomegaly. The prognostic factors unfavorable for remission duration were time to CR greater than 4 weeks v less than 4 weeks (P = .0002), age greater than 35 years v less than 35 years (P = .0008), leukocyte count greater than 30,000/microL v less than 30,000/microL (P = .0112), and null ALL v common ALL (c-ALL)/T cell ALL (T-ALL) (P = .05). The remission duration correlated strongly (P = .0001) with the number of these independent prognostic factors. In patients with none of these adverse factors the MRD has not yet been reached, with one adverse factor the MRD is 21.9 months, and with two or three adverse factors the MRD is only 9.6 months. For the immunologic subtype T-ALL, the probability of being in CCR at greater than 5 years is .55; for c-ALL, .34; and for null ALL, .24. According to these results, patients were stratified into a low- risk group with a CCR rate of .62 and a high-risk group with a CCR rate of .28, with the latter now allocated to either further chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation in first remission.

Topic: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legends from Constitutive Activation of Myosin-Dependent Contractility Sensitizes Glioma Tumor-Initiating Cells to Mechanical Inputs and Reduces Tissue Invasion

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Antecedents and Consequents

Abstract This chapter situates the present system within the tradition it comes from, in the process examining foundational concerns about the overall architecture and how this has influenced other lines of research. It begins by reviewing earlier models (the Extended Standard Theory and the Principles and Parameters system) — precursors of the Minimalist Program — to show how the roots of how cyclicity is addressed in this book are very much within the spirit of earlier proposals. It then moves on to the best known cyclic system in contemporary studies, which proposes that derivations run transitioning from one phase to the next. It shows how this system is compatible with the MSO architecture, as they are addressing different aspects of cyclicity — a condition that makes good derivational sense. The theme of justifying the derivational nature of the linguistic architecture is further explored in the middle sections of the chapter. It concludes with two detailed case studies in the literature, which explicitly and creatively use the MSO architecture to make predictions about reanalysis in parsing and specific conditions that arise in language development.

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Challenges in Differential Diagnosis: A Case Series of Four Adult Patients with Renal Leiomyoma

Leiomyomas are rare, benign and solid tumors of the kidney. Although the developments in radiological imaging methods provide early detection of kidney tumors, it is difficult to differentiate leiomyomas radiologically from other malignant renal tumors. Moreover, the definitive diagnosis of leiomyomas can only be achieved by histopathological and also immunohistochemical evaluation after surgical intervention. Immunohistochemically, positive staining with smooth muscle actin and vimentin, whereas negative staining with cytokeratin, S100, Mart1 and HMB45 are the methods used in the differential diagnosis of leiomyomas.\nIn this case series, after preoperative radiological evaluation, two female and two male patients between 45 and 89 years of age underwent laparoscopic treatment with the diagnosis of a malignant mass in the kidney. We aimed to illustrate the clinical, radiological and histopathological relationship of four adult patients who were managed by laparoscopic approach and diagnosed with renal leiomyoma. Renal leiomyomas should be kept in mind in patients with a renal mass before definitive treatment.

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Apply Peptide C‐Terminal Semicarbazides to Peptide Segment Coupling Using Transfer Active Ester Condensation Technology.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses

Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated using 3D printing is static. To overcome this challenge, four-dimensional (4D) printing which defined as fabricating a complex spontaneous structure that changes with time respond in an intended manner to external stimuli. 4D printing originates in 3D printing, but beyond 3D printing. Although 4D printing is mainly based on 3D printing and become an branch of additive manufacturing, the fabricated objects are no longer static and can be transformed into complex structures by changing the size, shape, property and functionality under external stimuli, which makes 3D printing alive. Herein, recent major progresses in 4D printing are reviewed, including AM technologies for 4D printing, stimulation method, materials and applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of 4D printing were highlighted.

Topic: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
2107-LB: The Impact of Obesity Phenotypes and Short-Term Dynamic Transitions on Diabetes Risk in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations—A Longitudinal Study Based on the CHARLS Cohort

Introduction and Objective: To examine the longitudinal effects of baseline obesity phenotypes and their transitions on diabetes risk in Chinese adults aged ≥45 years, with a particular focus on the role of abdominal obesity in normal-weight individuals. Methods: Based on data from the CHARLS cohort, this study included 4,543 non-underweight participants free of diabetes at both baseline and the 3-year follow-up. According to Chinese BMI and abdominal obesity criteria, baseline phenotypes were categorized into: NW-NAO (normal weight/non-AO), HB-NAO (high BMI/non-AO), NW-AO (normal weight/AO), and HB-AO (high BMI/AO). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the associations of baseline phenotypes and their trajectories from baseline to the second year with incident diabetes risk after the third year, adjusting for confounders including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: During a median follow-up of 8.42 years, 737 incident diabetes cases were recorded. Compared with the NW-NAO group, the baseline HB-NAO, NW-AO, and HB-AO groups exhibited higher risks with HR 1.44(1.08,1.91), HR 1.65(1.29,2.12), and HR 1.73(1.43,2.09), respectively. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the HB-NAO group maintaining status, transitioning to NW-AO through waist circumference gain, or progressing to HB-AO had 58%, 3.3-fold, and 68% elevated risks, respectively. The NW-AO group persisting with abdominal obesity or developing HB-AO via BMI increase showed 106% and 61% increased risks, respectively. The HB-AO group maintaining the phenotype had a 91% higher risk. No protective effects were observed with 2-year phenotype improvements. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity independently predicts diabetes risk, even in normal-weight individuals. Sustained or aggravated obesity phenotypes amplify diabetes susceptibility, whereas short-term improvements fail to mitigate risks. Disclosure Y. Liu: None. J. Zhang: None. S. Gao: None. M. Han: None. L. Zhang: None. X. Jia: None. M. Xie: None. T. Wang: None. H. Zhu: None. M. Li: None. Z. Song: None.

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
S-07-4: VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROTEOME AND PHENOTYPIC SWITCHING IN HUMAN HYPERTENSION ARE NOX5-DEPENDENT

Objective: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching in hypertension. Nox5 is a major ROS-generating enzyme in vascular cells and is upregulated in hypertension. However, the effects of Nox5-derived ROS on VSMC proteome and phenotype in human hypertension are unknown. We aimed to characterize the global and oxidative proteomic profile and VSMC phenotype in human hypertension and the role of Nox5. Design and method: VSMC from resistance arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied (n = 5). Proteins were labelled with isobaric tandem mass tags and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The oxidative proteome was assessed using stable isotope-labelled iodoacetamide to target cysteine thiols. Nox5 silencing was performed by siRNA. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. The inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and mitogenic phenotype of VSMCs was assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), pro-collagen I in the culture media. Results: Proteomic analysis identified 207 proteins upregulated in HT subjects (fold change &gt; 1.5, p &lt; 0.05). Gene ontology enrichment analysis of upregulated proteins in HT showed most proteins belong to extracellular space and plasma membrane compartments and were involved in extracellular matrix organization (ECM), immune response and cell proliferation. ECM proteins COL1A1, COL9A1, COL10A1, FBN1, FBLN1 were increased in cells from HT, suggesting a switch to a fibroblast-like phenotype in hypertension. Expression of proteins related to interferon and IL-1β pathways (IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, MX2, ABCA1, ABCA2, IL1RAP, CD36, ICAM1) were also increased in cells from HT subjects. The VSMC oxidative proteome analysis identified 130 significantly regulated cysteine-containing peptides, 88 showed increased oxidation in HT (fold change&gt; 1.5, p &lt; 0.05). Among the highly oxidized proteins in HT were ECM proteins, COL11A1, COL16A1, FBLN1 and FBLN2. VSMCs from HT subjects exhibit increased expression of the proliferation marker, PCNA (0.162 ± 0.3 vs NT:0.051 ± 0.04 relative fluorescence units, p &lt; 0.05) and pro-collagen I (23.6 ± 2 vs NT:13.2 ± 0.3 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.05). Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (501.8 ± 23.6 vs NT:121.7 ± 6.4 pg/mL) and IL-8 (373.6 ± 34.1 vs NT:262.5 ± 24.6 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.05) were increased in HT. Nox5 silencing in VSMC from HT subjects reduced PCNA expression(43%), pro-collagen I release (8%), baseline and LPS-induced IL-6 (30% baseline, 43% LPS-induced) and IL-8 (21% baseline, 23% LPS-induced) release (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the proteomic changes related to vascular phenotype in hypertension and demonstrated that Nox5 plays an important role in VSMC phenotypic switching associated with vascular injury and remodelling in hypertension.

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Input—Output—Controlled Nonlinear Equation Solvers

To upgrade the efficiency and stability of the successive substitution (SS) and Newton-Raphson (NR) schemes, the concept of input-output-controlled solvers (IOCS) is introduced. By employing the formal properties of the constrained version of the SS and NR schemes, the IOCS algorithm can handle indefiniteness of the system Jacobian, can maintain iterate monotonicity, and provide for separate control of load incrementation and iterate excursions, as well as having other features. To illustrate the algorithmic properties, the results for several benchmark examples are presented. These define the associated numerical efficiency and stability of the IOCS.

Topic: Numerical methods for differential equations
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Relationship between precursory signals and corresponding earthquakes using different spectral analysis techniques

The origin of precursory signals that precede the P-waves is controversial, as it may be caused by ground effect (seismic nucleation phase) or instrumental effect due to a digitizer. Such signals cause errors in the automatic detection of P-wave arrival times and consequently decrease the accuracy of earthquake parameter estimations. In this paper, we proposed spectral analysis techniques to distinguish between different types of precursory segments, and to find if there is a relation between existence of these precursors and their corresponding earthquakes. These algorithms are applied to 1015 local events recorded by eleven permanent seismic stations belonging to the Egyptian National Seismic Network. Manual inspection of these events reveals the existence of these precursors. The investigations provided evidence that one type of these precursors originated because of an instrumental effect. This study shows the underlying causes of the precursory segment’s appearance prior to P-wave impulses. Many events had similar parameters; however, some of them had such precursors while others did not, in this inspection, multi resolution analysis details of the Discrete Wavelet Transform have been used. When large amplitudes for high frequency P-wave detail exceed 104 counts (1 count = 1 nm/s), the appearance percentage for the precursory segment is 100%.

Topic: Seismology and Earthquake Studies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optimal classification and generalized prevalence estimates for diagnostic settings with more than two classes

An accurate multiclass classification strategy is crucial to interpreting antibody tests. However, traditional methods based on confidence intervals or receiver operating characteristics lack clear extensions to settings with more than two classes. We address this problem by developing a multiclass classification based on probabilistic modeling and optimal decision theory that minimizes the convex combination of false classification rates. The classification process is challenging when the relative fraction of the population in each class, or generalized prevalence, is unknown. Thus, we also develop a method for estimating the generalized prevalence of test data that is independent of classification. We validate our approach on serological data with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) naïve, previously infected, and vaccinated classes. Synthetic data are used to demonstrate that (i) prevalence estimates are unbiased and converge to true values and (ii) our procedure applies to arbitrary measurement dimensions. In contrast to the binary problem, the multiclass setting offers wide-reaching utility as the most general framework and provides new insight into prevalence estimation best practices.

Topic: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Caprimulgiform birds from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany)

ABSTRACT The Middle Eocene caprimulgiform birds of Messel (Hessen, Germany) are described. The three known species belong to two higher taxa within the Caprimulgiformes. The new genus and species Masillapodargus longipes is the earliest and most substantial fossil record of the Podargidae, a family which is today confined to Australasia. Masillapodargus longipes mainly differs from the two recent genera in the narrower beak, the wider pars symphysialis of the mandible, and in having longer legs. The Preficinae Olson, 1987 (so far only comprising the Lower Eocene species Prefica nivea) are represented by two species belonging to the new genus Paraprefica (Paraprefica kelleri, sp. nov. and Paraprefica major, sp. nov.). The phylogenetic affinities of the Preficinae need further investigation as at present their classification into the Steatornithidae (Olson, 1987) can only be supported with the extremely abbreviated tarsometatarsus which however differs trenchantly in details of its morphology between the two taxa. The assignment of a second specimen to Prefica nivea in the original description of this species is shown to be incorrect.

Topic: Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
OsGPAT3 Plays a Critical Role in Anther Wall Programmed Cell Death and Pollen Development in Rice

In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that OsGPAT3, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The gpat3-2 mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that OsGPAT3 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the gpat3-2 anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses, OsGPAT3 is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of GPATs in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.

Topic: Plant Reproductive Biology
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Addressing Equity and Excellence in Relation to Employment: What Prospects for Transformative Change in South Africa?

(2001). Addressing Equity and Excellence in Relation to Employment: What Prospects for Transformative Change in South Africa? Equity & Excellence in Education: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 56-69.

Topic: Higher Education Learning Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the High-Tech Sector Economy

The article is aimed at studying the impact of FDI on the development of the high-tech sector of the economy. R\D effects are analyzed through the location of branches of foreign enter- prises. The positive and negative technological spillover effects and FDI inflow consequences are considered. Foreign investment is assessed as a factor of economic development, modern-ization, income, and employment growth. The radical innovations' implementation by the innovative TNCs have been highlighted. The assessment of the success of the most innovative companies confirms the usage of artificial intelligence, platforms, and ecosystems.

Topic: Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Manual MagAttract v1

This protocol describes the manual extraction of HMW DNA from multiple different tissue samples from a variety of species, excluding plants and fungi, intended for long-read sequencing using the Qiagen MagAttract HMW DNA extraction kit. This process is effective for a wide variety of taxonomic groups covered by the Tree of Life Programme. This protocol is particularly useful for samples with limited tissue availability, as it has consistently yielded more DNA from these smaller samples than the equivalent Automated method. The output of this protocol is HMW DNA, which depending upon yield and the genome size of the species, can be directed towards HMW DNA Pooling, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor® 3 for LI HiFi, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor® 3 for LI PacBio or HMW DNA Fragmentation: g-Tube for ULI PacBio. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation HiFi: high fidelity LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
State‐Sponsored Social Movements

A state‐sponsored social movement refers to a popular movement initiated and endorsed by the central leadership of the state and organized by the government's apparatuses. Collective action events are peopled by citizens in their capacity as nonstate actors, but the main source of claims, leadership, and organizational resources is from within the state itself, and state actors, in their official capacities, serve as the main organizers. Examples range from a daily ritual that the government calls for its citizens to perform (such as a pledge of allegiance) to a campaign of persecutions against its minorities (such as genocide). Oft‐cited historical events, such as the Nazi persecution of Jews in Hitler's Germany and the Cultural Revolution in Mao's China, are considered to be state‐sponsored movements. Other less extreme examples also belong to the category, as will become clear when the entry clarifies the concept further.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Characteristics of Deep Electron Levels in Oxygen-Implanted and (Oxygen + Silicon) Co-Implanted n-GaAs

Double correlation deep level transient spectroscopy (DDLTS) is used to study the deep centers in oxygen-implanted and (oxygen + silicon) co-implanted LEC n-GaAs samples in the range of 260 to 450 K. Two deep centers are detected and characterized. One of them is related to the presence of oxygen and is annihilated in the case of silicon co-implantation. The behavior of these defects and their concentration variations with the implantation parameters and annealing treatments are reported. Possible structures of these deep centers are discussed. Les défauts profonds présents dans les échantillons de GaAs (LEC) type n implantés en oxygène et co-implantés en oxygène et en silicium sont mis en évidence et caractérises dans le domaine de températures 260 à 450 K en utilisant la méthode DDLTS. Un de ces défauts est lié à la présence de l'oxygène et disparaǐt aprés une co-implantation en silicium. Le comportement et les variations de la concentration de cesg défauts en fonction des conditions d'implantation et des traitements thermiques de recuit sont étudiés. La structure de ces défauts est discutée.

Topic: Semiconductor materials and devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences