jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Access and Intensity of Mechanization: Empirical Evidence of Rice Farmers in Southern Ghana

ABSTRACT The medium term development plan of Ghana proposed modernization of agriculture to lead the way in transforming the economy. Providing irrigation infrastructure and enhancing farmer access to farm machinery were major interventions proposed. In line with this, the government has been investing in irrigation infrastructure as well as importing farm machinery under various programmes in recent years. This study analyzed access and intensity of mechanization by rice farmers in southern Ghana. The Shai-Osudoku and Ketu North Districts were purposively selected and a total of 360 farmers were randomly sampled from 16 rice growing communities. In general, the results of the descriptive statistics revealed that about 74 % of farmers were still cultivating rice with considerably low level of mechanization. The double hurdle model was employed to estimate the determinants of access to mechanization and the intensity of mechanization. The empirical results of tier one of the double huddle model revealed that size of land, access to credit, availability of farm machinery, expenditure on labour, agrochemical expenditure, the square of age, and gender positively influenced access to mechanization. Seed expenditure, age and district locations negatively influenced access to mechanization. The empirical results of the tier two of the double hurdle model revealed that distance from farm to nearest mechanization centre, rice income, non-farm income and experience were significant variables that positively influenced intensity of mechanization. Land ownership and household size negatively influenced intensity of mechanization. These results have implications for capacity building and government support for rice farmers in southern Ghana.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
?Electron-Microscopic Study on Spermatogenesis

Electron microscopic observation was carried out on the structure of sperma-tozoa and sparmatogenesis of black sailfin molley—Mollienesia latipinna which is a fresh-water teleost fish and is generally called &amp;quot; tropical fish &amp;quot; in Japan. Since this fish is in mating period throughout the year and spermatogenesis is done continuously, the spermatozoa at all stages of progress are contained in the testis. The process of the spermatogenesis of this fish is almost the same as that of Sebastiscus marmoratus which is a marine teleost. But it is the remarkable characteristic that in this species the many sperms in a cyst form a perfect sperm-ball in the seminiferous tubule at the last stage of spermatogenesis. The spermatogenesis of this fish is classified into two periods, multiplying period and developing period. In the multiplying period, the nucleolus in the nucleus is clear-but the chromosome is not clear. At the first stage of the developing period, the golgi complex and central body are found in the plotoplasm. The central body appearing at a distance from the nucleus is a short hollow tube surrounded by nine slender tubules each consisting of three fine tubules. The tail flagella appears

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Lessons Learned and Questions Raised by an Atypical Case of Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis

A Caucasian male in his early twenties suffering from treatment resistant schizophrenia was started on clozapine. After three days he developed tachycardia, a common side effect of clozapine induction. He had one temperature spike (38.9°C) on day ten after induction but remained clinically well. An ECG and blood tests were normal. Due to persistent tachycardia and an episode of collapse whilst seated on day 12, he was admitted to hospital for further investigation. A diagnosis of myocarditis was confirmed as a result of elevated cardiac enzyme levels and an echocardiogram. Following withdrawal of clozapine, supportive management, and initiation of cardiac medication, the patient made a successful recovery. He will be followed up with the cardiology team to ensure that his heart function returns to normal. Given the incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis, the associated mortality risk, and diagnostic difficulties, this case raises questions about whether a formal system for identifying myocarditis should be adopted.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Small-Dose Fentanyl in Intravenous Versus Epidural Preemptive Analgesia

In this randomized, double-blinded study, the preemptive effects of intravenous and epidural fentanyl analgesia were compared with post-incisional analgesia in 40 patients undergoing orthophedic surgery of the lower extremities. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups; intravenous or epidural analgesia, with twenty patients in each group. General anesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5-6 mgkg -1 and maintained with 0.8-1.0% isoflurane and 66% nitrous oxide in 33% O 2 . The trachea was intubated after administration of vecuronium 0.1 mgkg -1 . Patients in the epidural analgesia groups then received, by random allocation, 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl with 0.9% saline (total volume 0.15 mlkg -1 ) after epidural catheter replacement 15 minutes before (preemptive epidural analgesia group-PEEA) or 15 minutes after (epidural analgesia group-EA) the surgical incision. Patients in the analgesia groups received, by random allocation, 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl intravenously immediately after induction (preemptive intravenous analgesia group-PEIV) or 15 minutes after the surgical incision (intravenous analgesia group-IV). Visual analOĞUe pain scores (VAS) and postoperative morphine consumption in the preemptive groups were consistently lower than in the analgesia groups, although there was no statistical significance. Similarly, the first analgesic requirement time was longer in the PEEA group than in the EA group. Differences in the plasma concentration of glucose and cortisol were neither consistently nor significantly different between the study groups. In regard to these findings, we believe that with the management of patients with 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl intravenously or epidurally before painful stimuli lowers the VAS and postoperative analgesic use. Higher doses of fentanyl may be necessary for optimal and significant results.

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Generation of dendritic cells from human bone marrow and efficient presentation of tumor antigen associated with Epstein-barr virus

ObjectiveTo expand dendritic cells (DCs)from human bone marrow and design vaccine against cancer concerned with the infection of EBV,for instance,Burkitt's lymphoma、nasopharyngeal cancer、Hodgkin's disease and so on in vitro . MethodsCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from normal bone marrow by mini-MACS.Then CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were cultured in hGM-CSF、hTNF-α、hIL-3、hIL-4 for two weeks. T cells stimulating activity was determined by allo-MLR. ResultsThese cells expressing high levels of CD 1α have typical dendritic morphology. They could acquire Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane glycoprotein gp340 efficiently and induce T cells increasing stimulatory capacity in MLR. ConclusionWe could obtain large amount of mature DCs by in vitro culture of human CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells. It will probably become a potent approach of gp340-loaded DC against tumor in relation to EBV. [

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Liquid Crystal Orientation Properties on Homogeneous Polymer Surface by Various Alignment Methods

We have studied the liquid crystal alignment properties for various alignment methods on the homogeneous polyimide surface. Suitable liquid crystal alignment for one-side alignment cell on the polyimide surface by all alignment method was observed. Highly pre-tilt angle of the NLC for both-side rubbing cell was measured. But, low pre-tilt angle of the NLC for one-side ion beam and UV irradiation cell was observed. We consider that the pre-tilt angle of NLC for one-side ion beam and UV irradiation on the PI surface is lower than that of the PI surface with rubbing. Also, the suitable transmittance-voltage curves for the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the PI surface with one-side UV irradiation were measured. Also, good response time characteristics of the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the polyimide surface with one-side UV irradiation can be measured.

Topic: Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regional climates in GCMs. Final report

This research describes empirical methods developed to obtain short-term, regional results from global climate models. Observational data sets were compared to the GENESIS climate model; spatial and temporal variability were examined to validate the circulation model on the synoptic scale. A feed-forward neural network was used to determine transfer functions for circulation-precipitation relationships. The empirical methodologies derived were then applied to the analysis of mountain snowpack in the upper Colorado Basin. The comparison of observational data and the model showed that the synoptic scale circulation of the GENESIS model is realistic over the eastern United States; however, the model features are displaced south by about five degrees and actual pressures in the model are much lower than observed pressures. Preliminary results from the neural network produced correlations between observed and predicted rainfall of about 0.7 to 0.8, depending on the net configuration. Similar results were obtained for the upper Colorado Basin study in the prediction of winter snowfall. 6 refs., 3 figs.

Topic: Climate variability and models
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Making the jump-The translation of research evidence into clinical occupational therapy practice

Het proefschrift beschrijft een studie naar de implementatie van de effectief gebleken ergotherapie-interventie voor mensen met dementie en hun mantelzorgers (EDOMAH). Middels een cluster-RCT werd de huidige post-HBO cursus voor ergotherapeuten vergeleken met een multi-professionele strategie gericht op ergotherapeuten, artsen en managers. De belangrijkste uitkomstmaten waren de adherentie van ergotherapeuten, het aantal verwijzingen naar EDOMAH en behandelresultaten bij cliënten en mantelzorgers. Daarnaast worden de resultaten van een procesevaluatie beschreven.

Topic: Dutch Social and Cultural Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Auto-aggregation Properties of Probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii str. IAHAHI: From Genes to Function

The ability of bacteria to form aggregates plays an important role in controlling clinical infections and food production processes. Auto-aggregation is also important, especially in the case of probiotics, when probiotics are directed against pathogenic bacteria, promoting colonization of the intestinal mucosa with desirable bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the auto-aggregation properties of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii str.IAHAHI compared to previously studied probiotics Lacticasibacillus rhamnosus str.Vahe and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum str.ZPZ differed by their radioprotective properties. According to the received data, the auto-aggregation capacities of L. delbruetski str.IAHAHI is superior to Lcb. rhamnosus str.Vahe and Lpb. plantarum str.ZPZ after 2 hours incubation (21.97±4.099% vs.10.573±1.11% and 10.573±1.11%), while after 24 hours this strain is inferior to the other two in that feature (86.707±3.456% vs. 95.616±1.7% and 92.284±1.52%). The investigated probiotics probably differ in the expression of LysR family proteins, thioredoxin disulfide reductase, and mercury reductase. The LysR family of transcriptional regulators plays a significant role in gene expression. It might modulate bacterial membrane properties and potentially influence hydrogen peroxide production and the host’s radioprotective properties. However, it’s important to note that the specific link between hydrogen peroxide production, aggregation, and radioprotectivity is still a subject of hypothesis.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing the Unmanageable

This paper considers the consequences and impacts of the Punitive Turn in the context of the experience of Aboriginal offenders in the Canadian criminal justice system. Looking at the presence of a sharp increase in prison populations among Aboriginal prison populations, the politicization of criminal justice matters, and the increased use of actuarial risk/need assessment under the New Penology as indication of the existence of a “Punitive Turn” in the context of the experience of Aboriginal people in the Canadian criminal justice system. Additionally, the expansion of the prison driven by the prison industrial complex and the discovery of the profitability of the prison is regarded as a motivating factor behind the emergence and continuation of changes in punitive practices since the 1970s. Historical injustices, the prison industrial complex and changes in punitive practices have all contributed to the considerable overrepresentation of Aboriginal individuals in Canadian correctional facilities and will be considered to be a part of an overarching strategy of management and control over this marginalised group.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of the resin/hardener ratio on yield, post‐yield, and fracture behavior of nanofilled epoxies

Abstract In this work, the effect of the resin/hardener ratio on the small deformation, yield, post‐yield, and fracture behavior of a series of DGEBA‐Jeffamine epoxy‐clay nanocomposites with a fixed organo‐clay content (6 phr), and of the corresponding unfilled resins, was investigated. The mechanical behavior at small deformation was studied by means of uniaxial tensile tests, whereas compression tests were employed to investigate the large (yield and post‐yield) deformation levels. The fracture behavior was studied by the application of fracture mechanics testing methods. The results pointed out that small variations in the resin/hardener ratio used for the preparation of the resin can give rise to remarkable differences in the mechanical behavior at large deformation levels and at fracture. These effects were related to the parameters characteristic of the macromolecular architecture of the resins (chain segments flexibility and crosslink density). The results obtained on nanofilled systems showed that the effect of the resin/hardener ratio on the mechanical behavior of the resins is reduced in presence of organoclay particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

Topic: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization of IgM and IgG Antibodies Produced during the Anamnestic Response Initiated <i>in vitro</i>

Summary Rabbit lymph node fragments undergoing an anamnestic response in vitro produce both 7 S (IgG) and 19 S (IgM) antibodies as well as inconstant amounts of 28 S antibodies that are presumably of IgM type. The majority of the antibodies produced are of the 7 S type, which, after 15 days of culture, can represent more than 90% to 99% of the antibody activity in the fluids; however, small amounts of 19 S antibodies can be present for up to 15 days in these culture fluids. While the absolute amounts of antibody activity, radioactivity incorporated and protein increased over the course of these experiments, it is inferred that antibody is only a relatively small percentage of the newly synthesized protein that is present in the culture fluids.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solar Response to Luminosity Variations

The connection between solar luminosity and magnetic fields is now well-established. Magnetic fields under the guise of sunspots and faculae enhance or suppress heat transfer through the solar surface, leading to changes in the total solar luminosity. This raises the question of the effect that such surface heat transfer perturbations have on the internal structure of the sun. The problem has been considered previously by Foukal and Spruit. Here, researchers generalize the calculation of Spruit, removing the assumption of a constant heat diffusivity coefficient by treating the full mixing length heat transfer expression. Further, they treat the surface conditions in a simpler manner, and show that the previous conclusions of Foukal and Spruit are unaffected by these modifications. The model shows that following the application of a step function emissivity change: a fraction 1 - D(sub 0) of the luminosity change relaxes away after approx. 50 days. This corresponds to the thermal diffusion time across the convection zone, adjusting to a value in correspondence with the surface change. In other words, the whole convection zone feels the perturbation on this timescale. The remaining fraction relaxes away on a timescale of 10 to the 5th power years, corresponding to the convective layer radiating away enough energy so that it can adjust to its new adiabat. These are the same results arrived at by Spruit and Foukal. For variations of sigma on timescales of 10 to 200 years, then, the only important relaxation is the 50 day one. If the amplitude of this relaxation is small, the luminosity follows the sigma variation.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Leiomyomatosis of the lung--a case report with immunohistochemical evaluation].

A 56-year-old women who had undergone hysterectomy 15 years ago was found to have pulmonary leiomyomatosis. The occurrence of hormone receptors shows the influence of the ovary and of hormone-replacement-therapy to these tumors. In our case immunoperoxidase techniques indicate the expression of progesterone receptors.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessing Kazakhstani wheat varieties by yield indicators and resistance to rust

According to the experts of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the annual global loss of products from diseases and pests of agricultural crops in 1986-1990 was 52.2 million from 1998-2005 from a conventional unit of grain to 70 million tons. One of the factors that reduce the yield indicators of grain crops, contributing to a sharp decrease in yield, is the rust disease, which causes damage to grain crops, except for wheat Aegilops, Elymus, Agropyron, etc. The problem of contamination of grain crops with phytopathogenic fungi is quite a serious problem for the countries of Central Asia, since, according to FAO, this region is characterized by a higher level of bread consumption per capita (about 200 kg per year), and agriculture is considered as one of the key factors of the economy. The cost of production is an economic factor and negatively affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. A comprehensive study of the source material obtained in breeding, the replacement of ineffective ones with effective ones, makes it possible to suppress the rate of development of the pathogen and prevent epiphytosis. The evolution of the adapted parasite is accompanied by the evolution of the host plant. The article examines the complex resistance of domestic and foreign wheat varieties to rust in an artificial epidemic environment. Over the years of research, a comparative analysis of the resistance of wheat varieties to diseases has been carried out. Field tolerance was noted in the varieties Almaly, Arap, Zhakut, Naz with 3-4 points, in the varieties Samar and Zhalyn with 2 points. As a result of the structural analysis of the yield of winter wheat varieties allowed for sowing in production and promising, a decrease in these indicators was found under the influence of the disease.

Topic: Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Transoropalatal Approach to the Atlantoaxialclival Region: Considerations for the Head and Neck Surgeon

At the meeting of the Western Section of the Triological Society in Laguna Niguel, Calif, Michael S. Godin, MD, San Diego, Calif, commented on the transoropalatal approach to the atlantoaxialclival region. Godin stated that this was a direct, reliable, and safe approach that provided excellent exposure for neurosurgical decompression and fusion procedures in this area. It was felt that this approach was not widely used because the otolaryngologist was not familiar with it. Godin presented a series of five cases detailing the basic technique, which could be combined with other techniques, such as median palatal split, lip split, mandibular split, and glossal splits, to enhance exposure. Of the five cases presented, some degree of velopharyngeal insufficiency developed in two. The basic techniques consisted of a superiorly based U-shaped flap to expose cervical vertebrae C-1 and C-2. This flap has the advantage of being technically easy, providing excellent exposure, and resulting

Topic: Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated with ECHO 22 Infection

Serologic evidence for ECHO virus 22 was found in 8 of 10 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome. The virus was isolated from the stools of two patients. All these patients also had gastroenteritis prior to the development of the syndrome. The results of this study indicate that ECHO 22 virus is an agent with a strong association with hemolytic uremic syndrome in pediatric patients.

Topic: Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
epi-2021-0230 Suppl. Material

Supplementary Table 1. Overall sample information and patients’ characteristics.Supplementary Table 2. Primer sequences for qRT-PCRSupplementary Table 3. Four miRNAs expression level of UC patients and HCs in miRNA sequencing dataSupplementary Figure 1 Correlation analysis of test samples. (A) CircRNAs data correlation analysis of test samples. (B) MiRNAs data correlation analysis of test samples. (C) MRNAs data correlation analysis of test samples.Supplementary Figure 2 Comparative analysis of hsa_circ_0001021 from UC patients treated with or without medicine. (A) Comparative analysis of hsa_circ_0001021 from UC patients treated with or without 5-ASA. (B) Comparative analysis of hsa_circ_0001021 from UC patients treated with or without steroids. NS, nonsignificant.

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences