jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of thiol broth for the culture of<i>Salmonella typhi</i>and other bacteria from blood

Thiol broth is known to neutralize various antimicrobial agents. Positivity of growth of various species of bacteria from blood in thiol broth was reported as similar to that in tryptic soy broth (TSB). As blood cultures are often used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, and as patients may receive antimicrobial therapy before blood culture, the positivity and rapidity of growth of Salmonella typhi in thiol broth were compared to those in TSB. Routine blood culture samples from Yonsei Medical Center patients were inoculated in 50-ml amounts of TSB and thiol broth. The media were prepared from dehydrated products and did not contain CO2, but TSB contained 0.025% sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS). Growth of S. paratyphi-A, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Serratia marcescens and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus were similar in both media. However, greater positivity and shorter incubation time for macroscopic detection were noted in TSB with S. typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that thiol broth is inferior to TSB plus SPS for the culture of S. typhi from blood.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Two Cases of “Pure” or “Primary” Erotomania Successfully Treated with Pimozide

Erotomania is a mono-delusional disorder which, in its “pure” or “primary” form, should probably belong to the diagnostic category of Paranoia. Traditionally, the prognosis and response to treatment are very poor, but one of the present authors has previously proposed that the condition should respond to pimozide. Case histories of two patients successfully treated with this drug are presented.

Topic: Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Structure of the Teeth as Shown by X-Ray Examination.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal

Topic: Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sobolev-type embeddings for neural network approximation spaces

We consider neural network approximation spaces that classify functions according to the rate at which they can be approximated (with error measured in $L^p$) by ReLU neural networks with an increasing number of coefficients, subject to bounds on the magnitude of the coefficients and the number of hidden layers. We prove embedding theorems between these spaces for different values of $p$. Furthermore, we derive sharp embeddings of these approximation spaces into Hölder spaces. We find that, analogous to the case of classical function spaces (such as Sobolev spaces, or Besov spaces) it is possible to trade "smoothness" (i.e., approximation rate) for increased integrability. Combined with our earlier results in [arXiv:2104.02746], our embedding theorems imply a somewhat surprising fact related to "learning" functions from a given neural network space based on point samples: if accuracy is measured with respect to the uniform norm, then an optimal "learning" algorithm for reconstructing functions that are well approximable by ReLU neural networks is simply given by piecewise constant interpolation on a tensor product grid.

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Partial Presidentialization of Parties in Japan

Japan is an especially good case for exploring the phenomenon of "presidentialization" in the context of the explanatory variables that Gianluca Passarelli laid out in his introductory chapter. Japanese politics presents the analyst with a fundamental puzzle. Its constitutional structure and formal institutions, with the exception of the electoral system, closely resemble the UK's. Yet rather than "cabinet government" or a "Westminster system" of centralized parties and government revolving around the prime minister, for many years Japan seemed to represent an extreme case of the "Un-Westminster" system, with arguably the weakest prime minister and cabinet among the advanced industrialized democracies (George Mulgan, 2003; Estévez-Abe, 2006). Its political process did not feature alternation in power among two parties but rather one-party dominance; that party and its policymaking did not revolve around the cabinet and prime minister but was decentralized in the extreme, featuring a "bubble up" policymaking process in which the prime minister and cabinet did not determine the policymaking agenda but more often responded to it. The governmental process was influenced as much by the bureaucracy as by politicians, and more by veteran backbenchers in the ruling party than by the cabinet and prime minister (Krauss and Pekkanen, 2010). A key puzzle, then, is why Japan's political process was so unlike a Westminster system despite featuring a somewhat similar constitutional design.

Topic: Political Systems and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ASSESSING THE POSSIBILITIES OF LIFELONG LEARNING TO HELP PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN THE FIELD OF ASSISTANCE TO CRIME VICTIMS

D. Prokopová, D. Květenská, K. MyškaUniversity of Hradec Králové, Institut of Social Work, Faculty of Arts (CZECH REPUBLIC)

Topic: Education, Psychology, and Social Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
IOS Press On the Expressiveness of Affine Programs with Non-local Control: The Elimination of Nesting in SPCF

Abstract. We use a denotational semantics to show that every term in SPCF (a typed functional language with simple non-local control operators) is contextually equivalent to one which is typable in an affine typing system. Nested function calls and recursive definitions are not affinely typable, and so our result entails that they can be eliminated from SPCF without losing expressiveness. Our proof is based on the observation of Longley that every type of SPCF is a retract of a first-order type. We describe retractions of this kind in bistable biorder models of SPCF which are definable in the affine fragment. This allows us to transform an arbitrary SPCF term into an affine one by mapping it to a first-order term, obtaining an (affine) “normal form”, and then projecting back to the original type. We show the flexibility of our approach by considering two variants of SPCF, a finitary, call-by-name version and a call-by-value version over the natural numbers. In the infinitary case, (in which we establish in addition that all instances of recursive definition may be replaced with iteration) our proof is based on an analysis of the relationship between SPCF definable functions and strategies for computing them sequentially. 1.

Topic: Logic, programming, and type systems
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Processing and assessing psychiatric referrals

Referrals from general practitioners to a sectorised mental health team were audited for time delays and quality over three months. A referrers' guide was then designed to reduce referral delays and improve their quality. This was sent to all GPs. Referrals were again audited over two three month periods. There was no significant difference between corresponding time delays in the three periods. Only one item, the presence or absence of past history, was significantly improved in the third period. These results and their implications are discussed.

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Technology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
On an optimal control problem describing lactate production inhibition

Altered metabolism, characterized by high concentration levels of lactate enzyme, contributes to tumor development, malignancy, and metastasis and introduces metabolic liabilities that can be employed in cancer treatment. Here, this paper aims to reach a desired lactate concentration, under the action of an optimal treatment dose, represented by a control, at an optimal treatment time. We consider an objective functional to be minimized associated with a system modeling lactate dynamics in the presence of control. We show the existence of a minimizer of this functional, and we derive a first-order necessary optimality condition.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Towards a Feminist Aesthetic of Justice: Sarah Kane's Blasted as Theorisation of the Representation of Sexual Violence in International Law

Aesthetic considerations are bound up with thematic questions of justice, and an interdisciplinary engagement between law and culture offers methodologies through which to interrogate and reframe legal understandings of harm. While there is no particular form that can, a priori, be designated feminist, we can talk meaningfully about practices of representation, and methodologies, as being feminist or otherwise. This essay seeks to re-animate questions concerning the relationship between feminisms and representation, asking what it might mean to talk about a legal, feminist aesthetic: what are the terms of evaluation that seem relevant in judging representation as feminist or otherwise? What are the stakes of such an enquiry? These methodological questions will be considered with respect to a specific archive - first, a legal archive comprising recent feminist engagements with international criminal and human rights law dealing with sexual violence in conflict zones; and second, a cultural text, Sarah Kane's play Blasted (1995). This essay engages with and extends feminist commentary regarding the legal interventions, explicating the benefits of a law and culture approach to ongoing questions in feminist theories and practice. It provides an example of the ways in which a cultural text can illuminate problematic practices of representation that have developed in the law and critical commentary, and which seem natural or even unmoveable. The practice of re-seeing made available through engagement with this cultural text is, it is argued, a practice of justice.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The microbiome of bat guano: for what is this knowledge important?

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bats as flying mammals are potent vectors and natural reservoir hosts for many infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi, also detected in their excreta such as guano. Accelerated deforestation, urbanization, and anthropization hastily lead to overpopulation of the bats in urban areas allowing easy interaction with other animals, expansion, and emergence of new zoonotic disease outbreaks potentially harmful to humans. Therefore, getting new insights in the microbiome of bat guano from different places represents an imperative for the future. Furthermore, the use of novel high-throughput sequencing technologies allows better insight in guano microbiome and potentially indicated that some species could be typical guano-dwelling members. Bats are well known as a natural reservoir of many zoonotic viruses such as Ebola, Nipah, Marburg, lyssaviruses, rabies, henipaviruses, and many coronaviruses which caused a high number of outbreaks including ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, many bacterial and fungal pathogens were identified as common guano residents. Thus, the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria as environmental reservoirs of extended spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing strains has been confirmed. Bat guano is the most suitable substrate for fungal reproduction and dissemination, including pathogenic yeasts and keratinophilic and dimorphic human pathogenic fungi known as notorious causative agents of severe endemic mycoses like histoplasmosis and fatal cryptococcosis, especially deadly in immunocompromised individuals. This review provides an overview of bat guano microbiota diversity and the significance of autochthonous and pathogenic taxa for humans and the environment, highlighting better understanding in preventing emerging diseases.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characterization of a dual plant protein kinase (FsPK1) up-regulated by abscisic acid and calcium and specifically expressed in dormant seeds of<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>L.

An abscisic acid (ABA)-induced cDNA fragment encoding a putative protein kinase (PK) was obtained by differential screening of a cDNA library from Fagus sylvatica seeds. The full-length clone, named FsPK1, was produced by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) extension. This clone contained the 11 catalytic domains present in all protein kinases, but displayed unusual characteristics found only in a few plant PKs. FsPK1 exhibits features of both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases within the catalytic domain, a putative nuclear localization signal within the regulatory domain and the consensus sequence involved in binding of 14-3-3 proteins. The catalytic domain, expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein, showed Ca 2+ -dependent in vitro kinase activity and dual serine/threonine and tyrosine specificity. Transcription of the FsPK1 gene was reduced by seed stratification at 4°C, and clearly increased when seeds were treated with 0.1 mM ABA, correlating with the inhibition of germination. Interestingly, FsPK1 transcripts were enhanced when ABA (0.1 mM) and calcium (1 mM) were added together, while the addition of EGTA (calcium chelator) and 3,4,5,-trimethoxibenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octyl ester (TMB-8, a calcium antagonist) decreased its expression. Furthermore, FsPK1 transcript expression was tissue specific and accumulated only in ABA-treated seeds, but not in any ABA-treated vegetative tissues examined. These results suggest that the expression of the corresponding protein could be related to the inhibition of germination mediated by ABA in a calcium-dependent pathway.

Topic: 14-3-3 protein interactions
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Reference Values of YBT-LQ in Indian School Going Children- A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Balance plays an important role in growing children for playing, jumping, hopping and running activities. These sports like activities need dynamic balance to perform without falls. YBT –LQ is reliable tool to evaluate both static and dynamic balance on lower limb in standing. Among children of age 6 to 12 years reference values are not available in literature. Hence present study determine reference values of Y-Balance Test-Lower Quarter(YBT-LQ) in Indian school going children and to find out correlation of anthropometric measures, age and gender with YBT-LQ.
Material and Methods: Total 364 typically developing children were randomly selected of both genders (182 boys and 182 girls) of age 6to12 years. Three successive trials of YBT-LQ were performed for each leg in standing on Y-balance kit. The mean of three successful trials was noted for three directions of YBT-LQ for lower extremities.
Data analysis and Results: ANOVA and Boneferroni test were used to analyze correlation and association of YBT-LQ values with anthropometric data, age and gender respectively with 95% of confidence interval. The reference values of YBT-LQ of anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral reach values ranged from 45.54cm to 76.48cm, 60.77cm to 102.8cm and 60.58cm to 99.96cm respectively in children age 6 to12 years. Height, age and gender are the contributing factors affecting YBT-LQ reach scores.
Conclusion: The reference values of YBT-LQ can be use as baseline data for balance evaluation in children of age 6 to 12 years. Height is the major factor causing variations in YBT-LQ reach scores.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-APAH): Improvement in exercise and functional capacity

Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE-APAH. We aimed to assess the effect of aggressive immunosuppression (IMM) added to PAH-specific therapy in SLE-APAH. Stanford9s PAH database was searched for patients who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE and had PAH by right heart catheterization. Those who met ACR criteria for other connective tissue diseases or had 3 months were compared to those on PAH-specific therapy only (non-IMM). Cumulative probability of freedom from worsening New York Heart Association functional class (FC) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared by the log-rank test. Mean changes in parameters between groups were compared by Student9s t-test. Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria; 6 were treated with IMM (3:high dose steroids+mycophenolate mofetil, 2:intravenous cyclophosphamide, 1:hematopoietic stem cell transplant). Mean follow-up was 12.9 months. There was no significant difference in baseline demographics, SLE features, duration of PAH, hemodynamics, FC, 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) or PAH-specific therapy between IMM and non-IMM groups. At follow-up, hemodynamics and PAH-specific therapy did not differ between groups. Mean improvements in FC (-1.2 vs 0.1, p=0.06) and 6MWD (+231 vs -20 m, p=0.02) were higher in the IMM group. The IMM group had more infections (1.8 vs 0.3, p=0.05), but the percent of patients with serious infections did not differ (33% vs 14%, p=0.56). IMM added to PAH-specific therapy may improve functional and exercise capacity in SLE-APAH.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Luteoloside Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis Involving MAPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy with high incidence and mortality. Drugs commonly used in chemotherapy are often accompanied by strong side-effects. To find an anti-cervical cancer drug with high effects and low toxicity, luteoloside was used to treat the cervical cancer cell line Hela to investigate its effects on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and related proteins. The study demonstrated that luteoloside could inhibit proliferation remarkably; promote apoptosis and cytochrome C release; decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species level; upregulate the expression of Fas, Bax, p53, phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, and cleaved PARP; downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and phospho-mTOR; activate caspase-3 and caspase-8; change the nuclear morphology, and fragmentate DNA in Hela cells. These results strongly suggest that luteoloside can significantly inhibit the proliferation and trigger apoptosis in Hela cells. In contrast, luteoloside had less proliferation inhibiting effects on the normal cell lines HUVEC12 and LO2, and minor apoptosis promoting effects on HUVEC12 cells. Furthermore, the luteoloside-induced apoptosis in Hela cells is mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and the effects of luteoloside may be regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases and mTOR signaling pathways via p53.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Accuracy of the Finite Element Method in Deep Brain Stimulation modelling

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a widely established treatment for Parkinson's Disease where electrical pulsatile stimulation is delivered to a target area in the brain by means of an implanted electrode. To understand better how the stimuli propagate through the brain of the patient, mathematical models of various levels of sophistication have been developed using Finite Element Methods (FEM). However, the accuracy of these models, aiming mostly at stimuli tuning in and individualization of DBS systems, is still unclear. One complication is posed by the interface between the encapsulation tissue surrounding the electrode lead and the bulk brain tissue. It is usually modelled as a discontinuity in the electric conductivity, which translates into a discontinuity of the first derivative of the electric potential. The goal of this study is to analyze the accuracy of the solution yielded by the FEM tool using different interface models between the two media, comparing it to the one predicted in the literature. The obtained results suggest that, although a discontinuous conductivity will not introduce any extra numerical inaccuracies, exchanging the interface with a discontinuous conductivity for a smooth transition might yield more accurate model solutions.

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ocular hypertension in a child of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract To highlight the case of ocular hypertension in a 9-year-old male who came with fever and swelling in the left eye (LE) for 3 days. He was a known case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on treatment with oral steroids. His best-corrected vision was 6/6 in both eyes (BES). The anterior segment was normal in BES except for mild periorbital edema in the right eye (RE). On applanation tonometry (AT), intraocular pressure (IOP) was 42 mmHg in RE and 36 mmHg in LE. Gonioscopy showed open angles in BEs. Fundoscopy and optical coherence tomogram–retinal nerve fiber layer were normal in BES. He was diagnosed with steroid-induced ocular hypertension in BES and was started on both topical and oral antiglaucoma medications (AGMs). IOP was normal after 2 weeks of treatment. He came after a month of discontinuation of AGMs against medical advice but was still on oral steroids. He was asymptomatic, but his IOP was 28 mmHg in RE and 26 mmHg in LE. Parents were counseled about the disease and need to restart AGMs. Regular follow-up was also emphasized.

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences