jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coding of still pictures (JPEG and JPEG2000)

In the mid 1980s joint work by the members of the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union) and the ISO (International Standards Organisation) led to standardisation for the compression of grey scale and colour still images. This effort was then known as JPEG: the Joint Photographic Experts Group. As is apparent, the word joint refers to the collaboration between the ITU-T and ISO. The JPEG encoder is capable of coding full colour images at an average compression ratio of 15 : 1 for subjectively transparent quality. Its design meets special constraints, which make the standard very flexible. For example, the JPEG encoder is parametrisable, so that the desired compression/quality trade-offs can be determined based on the application or the wishes of the user.

Topic: Advanced Data Compression Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reconfigurable 2×1 CPW-Fed Rectangular Slot Antenna Array (RSAA) Based on Graphene for Wireless Communications

This article presents a 2×1 CPW ultra wideband rectangular slot antenna array (UWB-RSAA) with a modified circular slot shape to support a high data rate for wireless communications applications. The proposed antenna array dimensions are 0.7λ×0.8λo×0.064λo at the resonant frequency 1.8 GHz. It is fabricated on Rogers RO4003 substrate and fed by using a coplanar waveguide (CPW). A graphene layer is added on one side of the substrate to realize frequency reconfigurability and improve the array gain. The proposed array acquires -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the RSAA that extends from 1.7 GHz to 2.6 GHz, from 3.2 to 3.8 GHz, and from 5.2 GHz to 7 GHz. The proposed array achieved a realized peak gain of 7.5 dBi at 6.5 GHz at 0 Volt bias with an average gain of 4.5 dBi over the operating band. When the graphene bias is increased to 20 Volt, the antenna bandwidth extends from 1 GHz to 4 GHz and from 5 to 7 GHz with a peak gain of 14 dBi at 3.5 GHz and an average gain of 7.5 dBi. The linearly polarized operation of the proposed array over the operating bands makes it suitable for short-range wireless communications .

Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Dynamic modelling and simulation of vapour compression cycles for food refrigeration and freezing control

Vapour compression cycles have been widely used for refrigeration and freezing processes in food engineering. Biological contamination, texture and visual aspect of the products depend on an efficient control of these processes. Moreover, a number of vapor compression systems are already equipped with variable-speed compressors and fans. However, to date, the industry has not taken full advantage of these variable devices to get substantial control performance improvement. For this reason, a good understanding of the dynamic behavior of a vapor compression cycle is indispensable. This paper deals with the development and validation of a dynamic model of vapour compression cycle for the purpose of designing advanced control strategy for food industrial systems. Simulation results and experimantal data are compared for transient conditions for a test refrigeration device. This model could be reduced to be used to control food chilling or freezing process. / Les cycles à compression de vapeur sont utilisés depuis de nombreuses années pour les procédés de réfrigération et de congélation. La contamination biologique, la texture et l'aspect visuel des produits dépendent d'un contrôle efficace de ces procédés. Or, de plus en plus d'installations sont équipées de compresseurs et de ventilateurs à variation de vitesse. Pourtant il semble que l'industrie n'exploite pas ou peu pour l'instant le potentiel d'amélioration général des performances de ces dispositifs. Pour cela, une bonne compréhension du comportement dynamique des installations est indispensable. Ce papier présente un modèle dynamique d'un cycle à compression de vapeur développé afin de simuler et de définir la mise en oeuvre d'algorithmes de commande avancés. Une validation du modèle est également présentée. Des résultats de simulation en régime transitoire sont présentés et sont comparés aux résultats de mesure. Ce modèle doit être réduit afin de le rendre utilisable directement dans un algorithme de contrôle commande.

Topic: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reduction in mucosal‐associated invariant T cells (MAIT) in APECED patients is associated with elevated serum IFN‐γ concentration

Abstract Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate‐like lymphocytes enriched in mucosal organs where they contribute to antimicrobial defense. APECED is an inborn error of immunity characterized by immune dysregulation and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Reduction in the frequency of circulating MAITs has been reported in many inborn errors of immunity, but only in a few of them, the functional competence of MAITs has been assessed. Here, we show in a cohort of 24 patients with APECED, that the proportion of circulating MAITs was reduced compared with healthy age and sex‐matched controls (1.1% vs. 2.6% of CD3 + T cells; p &lt; 0.001) and the MAIT cell immunophenotype was more activated. Functionally the IFN‐γ secretion of patient MAITs after stimulation was comparable to healthy controls. We observed in the patients elevated serum IFN‐γ (46.0 vs. 21.1 pg/mL; p = 0.01) and IL‐18 (42.6 vs. 13.7 pg/mL; p &lt; 0.001) concentrations. Lower MAIT proportion did not associate with the levels of neutralizing anti‐IL‐22 or anti‐IL‐12/23 antibodies but had a clear negative correlation with serum concentrations of IFN‐γ, IL‐18, and protein C‐reactive protein. Our data suggest that reduction of circulating MAITs in patients with APECED correlates with chronic type 1 inflammation but the remaining MAITs are functionally competent.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Learning Analytics in Higher Education

It is known that big data has penetrated several if not all spheres of life. In higher education, the ability to take these large amounts of data and process it into something meaningful for academic decision making is commonly referred to as learning analytics. This chapter provides an overview of learning analytics and its importance, as well as identifying academic data sources, techniques used for learning analytics and prediction, and data visualisation techniques used to present analysis for better understanding and eventual decision making. It also includes a discussion of learning analytics frameworks for research and some identified research challenges.

Topic: Online Learning and Analytics
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
M.M. Grady Catalogue of Meteorites (Fifth edition: revised and enlarged). Cambridge (Cambridge University Press), 2000, vi + 690 pp. CD-ROM in back-pocket. Price £90.00. ISBN 0 521 66303 2.

M.M. Grady Catalogue of Meteorites (Fifth edition: revised and enlarged). Cambridge (Cambridge University Press), 2000, vi + 690 pp. CD-ROM in back-pocket. Price £90.00. ISBN 0 521 66303 2. - Volume 65 Issue 1

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alienation among Management Scholars

In a conceptual synthesis of a large body of literature, we explore drivers of alienation among management scholars through the lens of a classical path goal motivational model. Some scholars have become alienated from doing research due to the socio-political context of publishing. Although their unitary complaints are irksome, collectively these can amount to a career gauntlet – “a perfect storm” – of compounding challenges that permanently drive away scholars from doing academic research. To better understand this process, we show the pernicious interplay of these challenges in an expectancy model of costs, risks and rewards, each manifesting several of Blauner's (1964) drivers of work alienation – meaninglessness, powerlessness, self-estrangement and isolation. We conclude by suggesting mitigating conditions, summary propositions, and remedial implications.

Topic: Management and Organizational Studies
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of Gastritis and Gastric Epithelial Proliferation in <i>Helicobacter heilmannii</i>-infected Nude and BALB/c Mice

Gastric mucosal hypertrophy/nodular hyperplasia occurs as a consequence of Helicobacter infection in mice and humans. The pathogenesis of this hyperplastic response is not understood. To determine the role of host cellular immunity in gastric mucosal hypertrophy/hyperplasia, 6-8-week-old female euthymic BALB/c ( n = 30) or NIH athymic nude ( n = 40) mice were inoculated with H. heilmannii. Equal numbers of uninoculated mice of each strain served as controls. Mice from each group were euthanatized at 0.5, 6, 12, and 18 months postinoculation (PI). Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis and lymphoid follicle development were less severe in nude mice than in euthymic mice at &lt; 6 months PI. The prevalence of gastritis at 0.5, 6, 12, and 18 months PI was 0%, 17%, 67%, and 88%, respectively, in infected nude mice and 33%, 83%, 71%, and 100%, respectively, in infected BALB/c mice. CD4 + T cells in infected nude mice were evident at ≥ 6 months PI but were less numerous than in infected BALB/c mice at comparable time intervals. However, numbers of CD4 + T cells increased substantially throughout the experiment in infected BALB/c mice. The prevalence of nodular mucosal hyperplasia at 0.5, 6, 12, and 18 months PI was 0%, 0%, 33%, and 20%, respectively, in infected nude mice and 0%, 33%, 80%, and 80%, respectively, in infected BALB/c mice. Nodular hyperplasia occurred in association with the appearance of chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and CD4 + T cells at 12 and 18 months PI in nude mice. H. heilmannii-associated gastritis and mucosal remodeling is reduced in immunodeficient mouse strains lacking normal CD4 + T cell numbers as compared with the response in immunocompetent mice. Additionally, CD4 immunocompetence is an integral aspect of the mucosal hypertrophy/nodular hyperplasia in experimental H. heilmannii-associated disease of mice.

Topic: Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
cAMP/PKA signaling and RIM1α mediate presynaptic LTP in the lateral amygdala

NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in sensory pathways from auditory thalamus or cortex to the lateral amygdala (LA) underlies the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning. Whereas the mechanisms of postsynaptic LTP at thalamo–LA synapses are well understood, much less is known about the sequence of events mediating presynaptic NMDA receptor-dependent LTP at cortico–LA synapses. Here, we show that presynaptic cortico–LA LTP can be entirely accounted for by a persistent increase in the vesicular release probability. At the molecular level, we found that signaling via the cAMP/PKA pathway is necessary and sufficient for LTP induction. Moreover, by using mice lacking the active-zone protein and PKA target RIM1α ( RIM1 α −/− ), we demonstrate that RIM1α is required for both chemically and synaptically induced presynaptic LTP. Further analysis of cortico–LA synaptic transmission in RIM1 α −/− mice revealed a deficit in Ca 2+ -release coupling leading to a lower baseline release probability. Our results reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of presynaptic LTP at cortico–LA synapses and indicate that RIM1α-dependent LTP may involve changes in Ca 2+ -release coupling.

Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
J/psi elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The J/psi elliptic flow in high energy nuclear collisions is calculated in a transport model. While the flow is very small at SPS and RHIC energies, it is strongly enhanced at LHC energy due to the dominance of the regeneration mechanism.

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Voices Crying in the Wilderness: A Call for Common Sense and Ethical Practice in American Educational Reform.

There is a need to generate an improved American educational perspective that does not deliberately undermine and/or destroy the basic structure of the family by devaluing the very processes and behaviors required to develop and maintain that essential structure over time. To accomplish this, the idea of the existence of acceptable behavior codes, which affect a social reality beyond the self, must be addressed. These behavior codes must suit the needs of the larger society. More educational researchers and practitioners must acknowledge the existence of a societal force beyond the self and communicate this to the students. There must be an acknowledgment that there should be a larger social responsibility and that this sense of responsibility is necessary for the maintenance of American families and their civilization. There is concern for the current educational direction and the emergent, self-centered dysfunctional family. The free dispersal of ideas without some semblance of ethical structure has contributed in some degree to the behavioral confusion in our society. Educators need to respect the student's democratic right for self-choice while providing the opportunity for the exploration of the purposes of civilization. Acceptable standards of human behavior that promote strong family units within appropriate societal parameters are essential. Additionally, America must not ignore the potential value and importance of promoting these social standard within the instructional processes of the public school system. (Contains 12 references.) (AUTHOR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Educational Reform 1 Running Head: CALL FOR COMMON SENSE AND ETHICAL PRACTICE IN AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL REFORM The Voices Crying in the Wilderness: A call for common sense and ethical practice in American educational reform Valery L. Jackson, M. Ed. Doctoral Student in Ed. Leadership Auburn University English/Drama Instructor Harris County High School

Topic: Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
My mother-in-law does not like it: resources, social norms, and entrepreneurial intentions of women in an emerging economy

Abstract This paper provides new evidence at the intersectionality of gender, family status, and culture by focusing on a previously little researched group of middle-class women in an emerging economy. While the existing literature examines both structural and normative constraints for women entrepreneurship, little is known about the gains from relaxing structural constraints for women when compared to men. In addition to examining this new question, the paper sheds light on the binding nature of normative constraints for women entrepreneurship that persist in a patriarchal developing economy even when structural constraints are significantly eased. Using a mixed-methods approach, the empirical results suggest that higher resource availability differentially impacts the entrepreneurial intentions of women when compared to men indicating the strong presence of normative barriers that inhibit their entrepreneurship. These normative barriers emerge through the roles people play within women life spheres inhibiting their entrepreneurial intentions.

Topic: Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Studying Supramolecular Assemblies by ESEEM Spectroscopy: Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins

Electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy was used to investigate intramolecular and intermolecular complexes of cyclodextrins (CDs) with a nitroxide group. The interaction with solvent molecules (D(2)O) was followed through the (2)H modulation depth. Competition experiments with adamantane-type guests were used to confirm complexation. The shielding of the nitroxide group from solvent upon inclusion into a CD cavity made this technique more sensitive to complexation than cw EPR spectroscopy. ESEEM analysis of a series of CDs mono and bis spin-labeled on the primary rim of the cavity showed that only one compound formed a self-inclusion complex. This suggests that significant linker length/flexibility is required for formation of inclusion complexes in functionalized CDs. DEER (double electron-electron resonance) experiments confirmed that the self-inclusion complex of the spin-labeled CD was intra- rather than intermolecular.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Erratum: Otto refrigerator based on a superconducting qubit: Classical and quantum performance [Phys. Rev. B 94, 184503 (2016)]

Received 9 January 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.019903©2017 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasJosephson effectSuperconductivityThermal propertiesThermodynamicsCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Topic: Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Resource endowment and sustainable soil fertility management strategies in maize farming systems in northern Benin

Introduction Managing soil fertility remains one of the major concerns of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In order to understand the adoption potential of recommended practices to smallholders, this study aimed to characterize the resource availability, allocation and use patterns, and the soil fertility management practices in the maize farming system in northern Benin. Methods A survey was conducted with 262 households randomly selected across three municipalities from three agro-ecological zones. Focus groups discussions and individual interviews were conducted with the household heads using an interview guide and a structured questionnaire respectively. The main data collected included (a) the socio-economic characteristics of households, (b) the main farm type and their characteristics and (c) the current soil fertility management strategies and the rationale behind. Results and discussion The main soil fertility practices included the use of mineral fertilizer, manure, and crop residues application to plots. As a general trend, the rates of fertilizers applied by farmers [on average 132 ± 8.5 and 59 ± 5.8 kg ha −1 of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) and urea] were below those recommended or required to ensure optimal maize yields. Five farm types corresponding to different resource endowments or wealth classes were identified. The scarce resource farms owned by the majority of poorer farmers use only small amounts of manure and fertilizer in their fields. Qualitative analysis indicated that farms have different constraints and opportunities to adopt newly proposed soil fertility management recommendations. Conclusion Extension services and decision makers must target specific interventions for appropriation and sustainability of technologies to resource mostly the smallholder farmers.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Feasibility study of integrating the renewable energy system for increased electricity access: A case study of Choba community in Nigeria

There is no way for developing countries to prosper economically or improve their living standards in rural areas if they lack access to energy and power. Access to electricity is frequently a disadvantage in rural areas of developing nations. This work aims to investigate rural electrification in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, using the Choba community as a case study. The investigation was divided into two stages: the first determined the current state of electrification in Choba, and the second study conducted a detailed assessment of integrating the renewable energy system for increased electricity access using the simulation software HOMER pro to estimate the number of photovoltaic modules (PVMs) and wind turbines required to ensure optimal performance. The analysis was examined by selecting the optimum configuration based on levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC). The normal energy consumption for the community is estimated to be approximately 39.12–46.80 MW for full 24-hour supply to all residents. In 2021, 6067.64 megawatt hours of electricity were supplied by Port Harcourt electricity distribution company (PHEDC). From the obtained results, this paper proposes an on-grid hybrid PVM/wind turbine system configuration that yields the optimal results in the case study to solve the power outages currently experienced in Choba. The optimal configuration has an NPC of $20.8 Million and LCOE $0.0117/kWh, with an operating cost of $204.52. This system reduce cost of energy by about 87% when compared with the non-MD customers in Band D.

Topic: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The current unrecognized epidemic of smell dysfunction in the United States

There is an estimated 21 million people with smell dysfunction in the United States. However, most people in the U.S. are unaware of the existence of this problem. Most physicians are also unaware of this problem. Indeed, there is no specific medical specialty to evaluate or treat this problem. These issues comprise an unrecognized epidemic of smell dysfunction occurring in the U.S. Smell dysfunction comprises patients with loss of smell acuity, the presence of distorted perception of external odors (aliosmia) and the presence of distorted smells in the nose in the absence of any odor (phantosmia). These symptoms most commonly occur after a viral‐type illness (about 25%), allergic rhinitis (about 20%), head injury (about 15%) and a variety of other illnesses including Parkinsonism, Alzheimer disease and other degenerative neurological disorders. The current view of the pathology which generates these symptoms is that some neurological abnormalities occurred either in the olfactory nerves or in the brain. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the underlying cause of these symptoms is not neurological in nature but usually biochemical related to loss of olfactory receptor function due to inhibition of biochemical activation and signaling in stem cells upon which olfactory cell growth and development depend. The recognition that biochemical treatment of this stem cell pathology results in activation of specific sensory cell signaling which improves smell dysfunction demonstrates the biochemical basis of this unrecognized epidemic. Support or Funding Information This institution did not receive any funding from agencies in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .

Topic: Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Subfield: Sensory Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences