jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interpretable artificial intelligence-based transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy detection in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Abstract Background The concurrent presence of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with severe aortic stenosis (AS) is frequently observed. Objective This study aims to develop a multimodal artificial intelligence-based model for ATTR-CM detection in patients with severe AS. Methods A total of 263 prospectively enrolled (57% males, 83±4.6 years) patients with severe AS were enrolled. All underwent DPD-scintigraphy, and coexisting ATTR-CM was confirmed in 27 (10.3%). 4D-cardiac computed tomography (CT), electrocardiogram, echocardiography, angiography, clinical, and laboratory data were assessed. Specifically, in the 4D-CT, LV myocardial radiomics features as well as global- and segmental myocardial strain. All features underwent z-score normalization, and those with high correlation were eliminated. Different feature selection and machine learning (ML) techniques were used for classification in single- and multimodality scenarios. Eighty percent of the dataset was used for pre-processing, feature extraction, and tuning, with the remaining 20% for evaluating the final model. The model's effectiveness was assessed with accuracy, F1 score, and ROC-AUC across 100 random seeds to establish a reliable classifier. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) model is used to interpret the output of ML models. Results Among the different algorithms used, Logistic Regression offers the most effective detection of ATTR-CM, surpassing other models with AUC scores of 0.85. CT strain (AUC: 0.85), Radiomics (AUC: 0.76), and clinical features (AUC: 0.70) alone and in combination yielded the highest performance (i.e., AUC: &amp;gt;70), while the remaining modalities had AUC scores ranging from 0.52 to 0.56. Conclusion The study shows that AI is effective for non-invasively detecting ATTR-CM in severe aortic stenosis patients, offering a potential alternative to costly DPD-scintigraphy or invasive biopsy.

Topic: Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, offering high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, low noise, and rapid response, making them highly promising for vehicular applications. However, during vehicle operation, PEMFC stacks are inevitably subjected to random vibration loads due to road unevenness and internal system vibrations. These mechanical disturbances can induce structural displacement and deformation within the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting its durability and operational safety. Thus, this study conducts a random vibration analysis of fuel cell stacks under varying fastening bolt parameters. A dataset is constructed, comprising bolt parameters and the corresponding stress responses, which is then used to train an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) surrogate model. By integrating XGBoost with a genetic algorithm (GA), a GA-XGBoost predictive model is developed to optimize the structural parameters of the fastening bolts. The optimization results indicate that the optimal bolt diameter is 5.5 mm, the optimal nut thickness is 6.5 mm, and the optimal bolt-to-stack side distance is 10 mm. The predicted minimum stress is 52.351 Pa, representing a reduction of 2.849 Pa compared to the lowest stress observed in the dataset, thereby enhancing the structural durability of the fuel cell stack.

Topic: Engineering Applied Research
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The influence of comorbid asthma on the severity of symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Findings suggest that in children with ADHD, co-morbid asthma is associated with increased behavioral and internalizing symptoms, with distinct gender differences present. Increased behavioral and internalizing symptoms seen in children with both asthma and ADHD may be due to the burden of their medical condition. No difference was found on cognitive variables, suggesting chronic hypoxia may be less influential in explaining these differences. Future research should determine the specific mechanisms of these differences.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Transfer of active oncogenes and promoters into the mouse cell genome].

Different cell DNA's (normal NIH 3T3 DNA; human osteosarcoma cell DNA; human malignant glioma cell DNA with amplified c-Ha-ras) were cotransfected onto NIH 3T3 cells with cloned long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of Rous sarcoma virus. LTR RSV and normal NIH 3T3 DNA c-fos oncogen expression was detected in tumors induced in nude mice. In the same system human tumour cell DNA with amplified c-Ha-ras gene was used, that to the integration and amplification of LTP sequences with simultaneous maintenance of c-Ha-ras amplification. Nude mouse tumour DNA with integrated LTR sequences was active in successive rounds of transfection.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Density response of maize canopy architecture in adapted and unadapted synthetic populations

ABSTRACT\nSince the 1950's, the average maize grain yield, on a per unit area basis, has risen exponentially and without a pause. Associated with this increase have been changes in shoot morphology which permit more light penetration into the canopy. Changes in plant traits including plant height, leaf number, individual leaf area, vertical leaf angle, tassel size and weight, and leaf area density distribution along the main stem have been reported in the literature; however, the response of canopy components to changes in plant density has not been examined in closed populations and at today's densities. The objective of this study was to: (i) analyze canopy traits (leaf angle / leaf area) to determine how canopy architecture has changed; (ii) determine if canopy architecture interacted with density either directly or indirectly. Materials from unselected base populations, Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic no.1, were compared to the most advanced cycles of selection at four locations near Ames, Carroll, Crawfordsville, and Keystone, IA, in 2011.\nPopulations were compared at six densities ranging from 3.0 to 9.5 plants m-1. Each breeding population by density combination was replicated once at each location and arranged in a split plot design. Increased densities resulted in reduced numbers of total nodes, lower ear height, shorter plant stature, smaller tassels, more upright leaf angles with smaller leaf areas at the top sector of the canopy and more horizontal leaf angles with larger leaf areas lower in the canopy. More importantly, the shape of the canopy was affected by plant height, ear height, node of attachment of the ear, and density.

Topic: Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING ARTERIOGRAPHY OF PERIPHERAL VESSELS

Arteriography of nearly all the main arteries of the body, including the carotid, pulmonary and abdominal aorta, has been successfully performed. The latter vessels require special technics, but the procedure for those of the extremities, though exacting, is fairly simple. The study permits accurate visualization of the direction of the course of the arteries, the width of the lumen and the shape of the inner wall. Thus arteriography demonstrates the degree and level of arterial obstruction in the severe tissue nutritional disturbances of arteriosclerotic occlusion, embolism, Buerger's disease and large vessel trauma; the amount of collateral circulation; the site of arteriovenous aneurysms, and in simple arterial aneurysm the position of the sac and its patency or obstruction by thrombosis. It has therefore been employed in these conditions when in spite of the clinical observations, aided by oscillometry, skin surface temperature readings, histamine wheal tests and so on, finer delineation of

Topic: Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Selection of Autochthonous Strains as Starter Cultures for Fermented Fish Products

Abstract This paper was the 1st research focusing on the design of a halophilic lactic starter for the production of fermented fish products using a quantitative approach, based on the evaluation of the growth index and acidification score, as well as on the use of a multivariate approach to select the most promising strains. Fifty‐nine strains were randomly selected from salted fish and phenotypically characterized through Gram staining, catalase activity, glucose metabolism, H 2 S and indole production, nitrate reduction, citrate utilization, and hydrolysis of arginine, esculin, casein, gelatin, starch, Tween 80, and urea. Then the Gram positive isolates (44 out of 59) were studied for their growth at different temperatures (10, 25, 40, and 55 °C), salt (0%, 20%, and 30%), pHs (4.5 and 9.5), and acidification score in lab medium. Data were modelled through growth index and used as input to run a preliminary cluster analysis and a principal component analysis. Three promising strains were selected, identified as members of the genus Pediococcus and used for the validation at laboratory level through the assessment of their performances in the production of a fermented fish sauce. The results were really promising as their use not only reduced the fermentation time (2 d) but also improved the microbiological quality of the final product. This paper represents a 1st report on the use of a simple step‐by‐step methodology to select promising halophilic strains for the optimization of a starter for fish‐fermented products.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The energy balance of Earth’s tectonosphere

Concentrations of K, U, and Th in rocks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle of platforms, geosynclines, and oceans have been analyzed. Respective values of radiogenic heat generation in upper mantle rocks of the aforementioned types of regions are 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 μW/m3. As far as platforms are concerned, heat generation there has been found to correlate with geological history, heat flow, and deep-seated temperatures. The energy preservation law in geological processes has been shown to hold.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
REGIONAL DYNAMICS AND CONVERGENCE PROFILES IN THE ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION: A NON‐PARAMETRIC APPROACH

ABSTRACT This paper examines the evolution of spatial disparities in labour productivity in the enlarged European Union, using data on 250 NUTS‐2 regions over the period 1991–2003. To achieve this aim, a non‐parametric approach that allows us to analyse the external shape and dynamics of the entire cross‐sectional distribution has been applied. The estimates show the distribution under consideration to have a bimodal structure, which raises the possible presence in this context of a polarisation pattern characterised by two internally homogeneous regional clusters. The evidence presented does nevertheless suggest a process of convergence over the sample period, despite a relatively low degree of intra‐distribution mobility. Factors such as the geographical location of the various regions, agglomeration economies or the sectoral composition of economic activity have also been examined for their role in explaining the observed disparities.

Topic: Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
An ergonomic analysis of work in the process of professional rehabilitation in Brazil

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work (EAW) in the process of rehabilitating workers, insured by the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) in Brazil, and to conduct a brief analysis of the instrument used by this body. Information obtained from EAW enabled the demand, the requirements of the activity and the skills needed to perform the tasks in the workplace to be determined, thus aiding the decision of the INSS as to rehabilitating the workers and their return to their jobs.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Nanobiotechnology meets plant cell biology: carbon nanotubes as organelle targeting nanocarriers

For years, nanotechnology has shown great promise in the fields of biomedical and biotechnological sciences and medical research. In this review, we demonstrate its versatility and applicability in plant cell biology studies. Specifically, we discuss the ability of functionalized carbon nanotubes to penetrate the plant cell wall, target specific organelles, probe protein-carrier activity and induce organelle recycling in plant cells. We also, shed light on prospective applications of carbon nanomaterials in cell biology and plant cell transformation. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Topic: Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Experimental Ducted Rocket

The Embry-Riddle Future Space Explorers and Developers Society (ERFSEDS) is conducting research in developing the design for an experimental solid fueled ducted rocket. The primary objective of this research is to study the effects of thrust augmentation from installing a duct or a shroud around the back of a solid propellant rocket. Thrust augmentation is the process in which the combination of a primary exhaust jet and an entrained secondary flow in a chamber provide a higher thrust and specific impulse than the rocket firing in isolation. This presentation discusses the work of members of ERFSEDS to design and build a vehicle to test the ducted rocket concept, and the specific impulse and thrust results from multiple flights to study the effects of thrust augmentation. The end goal of this research is to publish findings in hopes of encouraging the design of more efficient rockets that are powered by solid propellant.

Topic: Rocket and propulsion systems research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
New developments in night-vision equipment and techniques

The continued loss of lucrative military contracts has caused western manufacturers of night-vision components and systems to review their marketing strategy. But the product range remains essentially unaltered and, as the equipment was originally designed for a military role, it can be unsuited to police use. The paper outlines the present state of low-light surveillance imaging and notes that although development work on image-intensifiers still continues, this work is likely to contract with the reduction in military sponsorship. It reports the use of Russian night-vision equipment by the criminal, the effect of this on police operations, and proposes a way forward for future research and development.

Topic: Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adjusting Special Education Aid for Severity: The Case of Census-Based Funding in California.

This paper summarizes results of a legislatively mandated study of the incidence of students with severe and/or high disabilities across California within the context of the new census-based funding approach (which distributes funds based on the overall census of school-aged children rather than a count of children receiving special education services). The study found that students with severe and/or high disabilities are not randomly distributed across school districts, thereby requiring development of an appropriate funding adjustment. A service multiplier was developed to allocate supplemental severity funding to some localities based on the characteristics and quantities of services received by their special education students. This approach was adopted by the California legislature and is now used as a severity adjustment to special education funding. The section following the introductory section considers the challenge of defining students with severe and/or high disabilities, two models for making this concept operational, analysis of the randomness of distributions of these students, and calculation of the severity service adjustment. A concluding section discusses the approach used and implications for other states. An appendix provides details on deriving special education cost estimates per student. (Contains 14 references.) (DB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Adjusting Special Education Aid for Severity: The Case of Census-Based Funding in California Thomas B. Parrish, Michael Gerber, Daniel Kaleba, and Leslie Brock July 2000 111 The Center for Special Education Finance is part of the John C. Flanagan Research Center at the American Institutes for Research, Palo Alto, California. The Center for Special Education Finance is supported through a contract with the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (ED99 -CO0091). Points of view or opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the official agency position of the U.S. Department of Education or our network of advisors and professional organizations.

Topic: Pasture and Agricultural Systems
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Skin Disease

This chapter contains sections titled: Prenatal diagnosis in practice DNA-based methods Fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy Fetal ultrasound Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Non-invasive molecular strategies Ethical aspects of prenatal diagnosis References

Topic: Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TILLAGE PRACTICES IN RELATION TO CROP YIELDS, POWER REQUIREMENTS AND SOIL PROPERTIES

Tillage experiments were conducted on Burford loam and Lockport clay loam. Different implements and combinations of implements were used to accomplish nine methods of tillage. The mouldboard plough was used as a standard treatment and compared with other treatments using a plough equipped with sub-bases, a disk plough, a one-way disk, a field cultivator, and rotary tillage. Crop yields, power requirements, and the effect on soil physical properties were studied.On Burford loam, with a 5-year rotation of corn, oats, and hay for three years, the yield of oats was significantly better when the fall tillage included mouldboard ploughing. No tillage treatment resulted in significant differences in the yields of corn as silage, and of hay. On Lockport clay loam the crop yields from a rotation of corn, oats, hay, hay, fall wheat, and red clover, were not significantly affected by tillage treatment.Tillage treatments did not produce significant differences in soil aggregation, bulk density or aeration porosity in any year of the experiment. Significant differences were from year to year when the mean values of all treatments were compared.The power required to accomplish the tillage treatments was measured.

Topic: Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bionic Compound Eye-Inspired High Spatial and Sensitive Tactile Sensor

Haptics plays an important role in grasping and manipulating objects for human hands and artificial robotic hands. The density of tactile receptors at the tips of the fingers is very high, reaching 140 units/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . However, the density of the existing tactile sensors is very low. To increase the density of the 3-D tactile sensor, a novel high-density arrayed and curved 3-D tactile sensor based on bionic compound eye with the density up to 42 units/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is proposed in this article. The tactile sensor can detect both normal force and shear force since it is isotropic. The force measurement setup has been successfully built with a sensitivity of 0.000280 mN/Gray for normal force and 0.0262 N/ μm for shear force. The sensor will provide a technical basis for force measurement of surgical robots and manipulators.

Topic: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of a polymeric reflective coating for high concentration point focus applications

A methodology for the evaluation of the specularity error of a polymeric film optical coating is presented. The methodology is based on the comparison of images from the sun produced by two high quality spherical mirrors, one covered with a highly specular evaporated aluminum film, and the second one with the polymeric film under study. This film is a commercial product known as Reflectech®. To determine the specularity error, both images are reproduced by means of ray tracing optical simulations. Those simulations use the angular brightness distribution from the sun as input, which were recorded by means of a specially developed solar scope. Significant differences are obtained between images of the sun generated by both mirrors. However, the specularity error of the coating under consideration is found to be just 0.71 mrad. This error is quite small making the polymeric coating highly appropriate for point focus concentration systems. This is illustrated by calculations for a parabolic dish concentrator.

Topic: Advanced optical system design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences