jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A noninvasive estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure using critical closing pressure

OBJECT Cerebral blood flow is associated with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), which is clinically monitored through arterial blood pressure (ABP) and invasive measurements of intracranial pressure (ICP). Based on critical closing pressure (CrCP), the authors introduce a novel method for a noninvasive estimator of CPP (eCPP). METHODS Data from 280 head-injured patients with ABP, ICP, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography measurements were retrospectively examined. CrCP was calculated with a noninvasive version of the cerebrovascular impedance method. The eCPP was refined with a predictive regression model of CrCP-based estimation of ICP from known ICP using data from 232 patients, and validated with data from the remaining 48 patients. RESULTS Cohort analysis showed eCPP to be correlated with measured CPP (R = 0.851, p &lt; 0.001), with a mean ± SD difference of 4.02 ± 6.01 mm Hg, and 83.3% of the cases with an estimation error below 10 mm Hg. eCPP accurately predicted low CPP (&lt; 70 mm Hg) with an area under the curve of 0.913 (95% CI 0.883–0.944). When each recording session of a patient was assessed individually, eCPP could predict CPP with a 95% CI of the SD for estimating CPP between multiple recording sessions of 1.89–5.01 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS Overall, CrCP-based eCPP was strongly correlated with invasive CPP, with sensitivity and specificity for detection of low CPP that show promise for clinical use.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Incongruence in the Definition of Land Rights in National Agrarian Law: A Path to Legal Uncertainty

Legal certainty as one of the goals of national land law will not be created when there is incongruence in the definition of land rights in regulations. This incongruity may affect the formation, implementation and interpretation of law in the agrarian sector. The aim of this article is to analyze the incongruence in the definition of land rights in regulations and the impact of this incongruence in the definition. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that there is an inconsistency in the definition of land rights in Government Regulation no. 18 of 2021 which states that the authority for land rights covering above the ground and underground space is not in line with PP (Government Regulation) No. 43 of 2021. The regulation states that the authority for land rights does not cover the space above the ground and underground space. This misalignment includes horizontal incongruity, formal incongruity and substantive incongruity. It will result in unclear meaning of land rights, loss of predictability of regulations, and affecting the formation, enforcement and interpretation of laws so that there is no clear reference for the community and law enforcers in acting. Ultimately, this will affect legal protection for the community in exercising their rights. It is recommended that the government harmonize the definition of regulatory land rights.

Topic: Land Rights and Reforms
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Lived beliefs

Abstract Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) poetry allows us to understand how lived beliefs can be central to the realization of the individual self in community. In this paper, we focus on the poetry of Mata-U’iroa Atan, a Rapa Nui poet who characterizes his political project as walking to fly like a bird. His poem Ki Te Reva (‘To the Flag’) exemplifies a particular form of corporeal consciousness leading to a project of political persuasion. His poems are written in Rapa Nui, an indigenous Polynesian language and draw attention to sociolinguistic and historical “disjunctures” ( Meek, 2010 ) in contemporary Rapa Nui community life. We argue that lived beliefs are produced by corporeal consciousness, and verbal art can be central to the mobilization of lived beliefs in the process of persuasion for emancipatory praxis. Poetry can give people an imagination, and this imagination is constitutive of a kind of truth underlying political projects.

Topic: Island Studies and Pacific Affairs
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Fatty boron ethers as new organic solid-liquid phase change materials: tridodecylborate, tritetradecylborate and trioctadecylborate

Tridodecylborate (TD), tritetradecylborate (TT) and trioctadecylborate (TO) were produced as solid-liquid phase change materials (SL-PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) applications via condensation of boric acid and 1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, and 1-octadecanol, respectively. Boron is used for the first time in the production of such synthetic PCMs instead of carbonaceous compounds. Produced fatty boron ether compounds were structurally characterized by using FT-IR and proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy methods as they were thermally characterized by DSC and time/temperature analysis techniques. Melting points of TD, TT, and TO are in the range of 10.1–10.8, 26.9–27.0, and 50.8–51.8°C in the thermal cycling tests, respectively, while solid-liquid phase change melting/crystallization enthalpies of them are 110.4/-112.8, 125.7/-132.3, and 141.8/-149.9 Jg-1, respectively. That is, the produced fatty boron-ethers had different operating temperatures than the fatty alcohols from which they were produced and could produce significant enthalpy values for heat energy storage applications. The increase in chain length caused an increase in enthalpy values as in fatty alcohols. The lack of PCM with similar melting and enthalpy values expands the usage area of synthesized boron-ethers. The thermal stability of fatty boron ether compounds (TD, TT, and TO) were tested by 10 times repeated DSC measurements instead of accelerated thermal cycling and FTIR spectroscopy analysis after these operations. In the surface examinations of boron ethers, original crystal formation was observed, and the loss of appearance above the phase transition temperature indicated amorphous transformation. In addition, it has been proven in the TG investigations that the fatty boron ethers produced can remain intact up to higher temperatures than fatty alcohols.

Topic: Phase Change Materials Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Model of the biocomplexity of deforestation in tropical forest: Caparo case study

This paper presents some preliminary results with a multi-agents modeling approach to understand the complexity of deforestation in tropical forests. The approach was applied to the study of the deforestation of the Caparo Forest Reserve, in the western part of Venezuela. The model includes, among others, the following types of agents: several instances of settlers, government and lumber concessionaries. Settler agents represent people of limited economical resources that occupied land of the reserve with the aims of improving their socio-economical status and obtaining in the future the property of the occupied land. They use subsistence agriculture and they try to maximize the benefits from the land occupation, without knowing that they could generate ecological or environmental problems such as soil exhaustion, due to inexistent or poor management practices. The lumber concessionaires are represented by companies that are constantly supervised by the State; their work is to exploit the forest using management plans previously approved in agreement with the Government. In addition to the dynamical interactions of the agents, the used approach includes also a cellular automata model for the simulation of the dynamic of the natural system. Both aspects use representational tools developed in house: Galatea [Uzcátegui, 2002] for the multi-agents aspects, Actilog [Dávila, 2003] a logic language for the description of rules, and SpaSim [Moreno, 2001, 2003] for the Cellular automata aspects.

Topic: Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
High data rate ultraviolet communication systems for the tactical battlefield

The critical need for secure, jamproof, high data rate communication links for tactical battle management can be met by developing short range (one mile), nonline-of-sight (NLOS), high data rate (1.2 Mbits/s) systems based on scattered ultraviolet (UV) radiation. TITAN's ultraviolet local area network (ULAN) concept represents a significant advance in high data rate, NLOS, covert communications at short ranges. Past efforts in UV atmospheric scattering communication systems used directly switched omnidirectional flashlamps which resulted in limited range and data rates. Unlike these earlier systems, ULAN will be based on modulating a collimated, continuously emitting lamp with a high speed electro-optical switch. High data rates can thus be achieved by eliminating the need to directly switch an isotropically radiating UV flashlamp. Directional and over-the-horizon systems employing collimated UV sources will enable longer ranges than previous UV systems. UV communication systems can be integrated with existing military communications either as the primary transmitter/receiver or as an internode link between local packet radio networks. The data rates available over a UV link far exceed those traditionally associated with packet radio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effectiveness of training educators on their ability to identify function of problem behavior

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training educators in the pre - behavioral intervention process of functional behavioral assessment. An original evaluation instrument was developed entitled, The Survey for Students Exhibiting Challenging Behavior. The instrument included measures of participating educators, knowledge of function of problem behavior and their ability to generate recommendations for a behavior intervention plan. The instrument was distributed to schools in a large urban district and completed by special educators. Educators trained and untrained in the functional behavioral assessment process were compared in the study.\nThe study incorporated a post - test only design. All instruments were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA. Those educators who were trained in the district functional behavioral assessment program answered general questions related to function of problem behavior significantly better than those who did not receive training. There is no significant difference between educators on their ability to generate recommendations for behavior intervention plans. It is important that educators receive training in functional behavioral assessment to gain an understanding of the basic notions being function of problem behavior. Current training does not translate into educators' ability to make strong recommendations for behavior intervention plans.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Off‐label use of the amplatzer ductal occluder II additional size for percutaneous treatment of acute aortic occlusion in a baby

We describe the case of a 5‐month‐old baby with a pro‐coagulative condition, referred for rapid atrial tachycardia. At echocardiography we found a large free‐floating atrial thrombus that spontaneously embolized into the descending aorta and produced acute sub‐renal occlusion. Aorta and iliac vessels were cleared using the ADO II additional sizes device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Internal Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Iotrol, iodixanol, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose effects on neural tissue CO2 production.

In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the myelographic agent metrizamide decreases neural tissue glucose metabolism whereas iohexol and iopamidol do not. This study compares the changes in slices of rat hippocampus CO2 production caused by the nonionic dimers iotrol and iodixanol with the effects of metrizamide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. After 6-hr incubations, 70-mmol/l concentrations of iotrol and iodixanol increased CO2 production by 11 +/- 20% and 31 +/- 35%, respectively, as compared with the artificial CSF control medium. Metrizamide at 70 mmol/l and 2-deoxy-D-glucose at 35 mmol/l decreased CO2 production by 32 +/- 13% and 96 +/- 1%, respectively. The increases in CO2 production with iotrol and iodixanol appear to indicate that these molecules have some effect on cell metabolism. The mechanism for the increase in CO2 production could involve an effect on the glucose metabolic pathway or could be indirect via a mechanism that increases cell energy utilization. These in vitro effects have not been verified with in vivo experiments.

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1975

THROUGHOUT 1975, the North Korean leadership has been preoccupied with two overriding objectives. The first of these was the intensification of diplomatic activities to strengthen solidarity with anti-imperialist revolutionary forces, considered one of the prerequisites for a successful revolution leading to the reunification of Korea. The second objective, pursued relentlessly by North Korean leaders, was the early fulfillment of the major production goals embodied in the sixyear plan before October 10th, the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Worker's Party. The entire citizenry has lived in what could be called a state of high mobilization, and was subjected to incessant exhortations of party and government organs for harder work in the glorious task of pre-schedule completion of the six-year plan. This article is a brief review of selected aspects of North Korea's diplomacy and internal developments in 1975. Two sources of data were utilized: North Korean publications, and interviews which the author had with party and government officials during a three-week stay in Pyongyang in August. Toward achieving the first objective, a major North Korean diplomatic undertaking was a visit to Peking in April by a ten-member delegation of top leaders in North Korean political, military, and economic fields headed by President Kim Il Sung. Coming just after the fall of Phnom Penh and the rapid disintegration of the Thieu regime in South Vietnam, the visit provoked intense speculation on the significance and implication of the presence of this high-ranking delegation in China. In a speech delivered at a banquet on April 18, President Kim engendered a feeling of crisis when he said:

Topic: Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Study of Traditional Chinese Medical Diagnostic Platform Establishment for Hyperlipemia

Hyperlipemia syndrome diagnosis standardizing research is the hotspot in Chinese medicine domain. A traditional Chinese medical diagnostic platform for hyperlipemia is established, which is consisted of four information collection modules including tongue images acquisition, facial image acquisition, inquiry diagnosis, pulse diagnosis, and auscultation diagnosis information. Through this platform, 316 cases of hyperlipemia clinical information have been gathered. A clustering algorithm is applied to analyze hyperlipemia clinical symptoms data based on these samples to get statistically significant classification results, and find the corresponding relationship between these results and syndromes. Clustering algorithm is programmed to classify syndromes and setting similarity threshold interface is available, which make it is possible to classify a large number of samples more adaptively. Compare disease characteristics of samples in every category with syndromes category and find out the relationships between them, by which the foundation of hyperlipemia syndrome differentiation standardization will be establish. Samples are classified to five categories. Finally, an threshold similarity detection algorithm is used to classify a new sample collected by the system to one of the five categories, which can give a syndrome classification suggestion based on statistics to Chinese medical doctors, which will improve the diagnostic efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Predictable peri-implant gingival aesthetics: surgical and prosthodontic rationales.

Bone resorption following maxillary anterior tooth extraction is common and often compromises gingival tissue levels for the implant restoration. The creation of predictable peri-implant aesthetics requires proper understanding and preservation of the osseous and gingival tissue surrounding the failing tooth. This article addresses the various factors that affect the predictability of peri-implant gingival aesthetics in anterior single-tooth replacement. The surgical and prosthodontic procedures for maintenance of peri-implant aesthetics are also presented using an ovate pontic tooth on a removable partial denture following immediate extraction and implant placement.

Topic: Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bayesian and ultrasonic sensor aided multi-objective optimisation for sustainable clean-in-place processes

In food and drink manufacturing, clean-in-place procedures are essential for hygienic and efficient operations but often over-clean process equipment leading to unnecessary use of energy, water, and chemicals. Previous attempts in the literature to optimise clean-in-place processes have focused on trialling cleaning over a range of parameter (e.g. temperature and chemical concentration) combinations or modelling the process using equations. However, these methods do not aim to minimise the number of experimental trials that a manufacturer must conduct and only determine the optimal cleaning parameters for the average fouling condition. In this work, Bayesian optimisation is used to minimise the number of cleaning parameter combinations that require trialling thereby reducing the disruption to a manufacturing process during the optimisation procedure. Secondly, ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor the cleaning process and enable real-time optimisation of the parameters to adapt to variations in the fouling condition. Multi-objective optimisation was used in both tasks to simultaneously minimise the economic cost, carbon footprint, and water usage of a clean-in-place process. Bayesian optimisation was able to optimise the process after trialling only nine cleaning parameter combinations (achieving between 98.7% and 100% optimisation of the objective function compared with the global optimum). Bayesian optimisation displayed a small advantage (0.0–4.7% decrease in the objective function) compared with methods used in previous literature. Real-time optimisation of the cleaning parameters using ultrasonic sensor data improved the optimisation objective function by 0.0 – 4.8% for all fouling instances tested when utilising results from ten trials conducted during the Bayesian optimisation procedure along with five additional cleaning processes under normal operation.

Topic: Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Put Option Premiums and Coherent Risk Measures

This note defines the premium of a put option on the firm as a measure of insolvency risk. The put premium is not a coherent risk measure as defined by Artzner et al. (1999). It satisfies all the axioms for a coherent risk measure except one, the translation invariance axiom. However, it satisfies a weakened version of the translation invariance axiom that we label translation monotonicity. The put premium risk measure generates an acceptance set that satisfies the regularity Axioms 2.1–2.4 of Artzner et al. (1999). In fact, this is a general result for any risk measure satisfying the same risk measure axioms as the put premium. Finally, the coherent risk measure generated by the put premium's acceptance set is the minimal capital required to protect the firm against insolvency uniformly across all states of nature.

Topic: Risk and Portfolio Optimization
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Development of Contemporary Fashion Designs Specialized in the Traditional Costume of the Miao

This study examines decorative features found in the traditional costume of the Miao, one of the minority groups in China, and adapts them for the development of modern Korean-style fashion designs in order to present visual sample data and to introduce techniques. As for the research method, both literature and visual data are examined: the former includes Miao-related books and theses; the latter, pictures from various documents and real-life data in the possession of Seoul Women's University. The study result is as follows: 1. The basic structure of Miao costume is consist of a Caftan-type upper garment and an accentuated lower garment, pleats skirt although they are decorated luxuriously with various techniques such as delicate embroidery and dyeing. 2. Details and trimmings in modern shapes are developed and presented by adding modern materials to satin, twists, cross-stitch embroidery, stripe patterns, geometrical patchwork, machine pleats and smoking, trimmings of fringe & feather, and the border line decoration of coloration, braids, piping, embroidery, belts tied and wound with colorful threads. 3. Detachable accessaries such as front reinforcement strips, back reinforcement strips, belts, decorative aprons and patchwork skirts are developed and designed by adapting highlighted layered effects. 4. The silver decoration used as an necessary by the Miao is suitable for modern fashion design in futuristic sense. Various techniques and decorative features of Miao costume display their true value all the more in modern fashion stream in which ethnic trends draw much attention.

Topic: Cultural and Historical Studies
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences