jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin system in hemodynamic state after coronary artery bypass grafting.

To evaluate the role of the sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin systems in postoperative hemodynamic state, plasma concentrations of catecholamines, renin activity, angiotensin, and aldosterone as well as hemodynamics were studied following coronary artery bypass grafting in 55 patients. The patients were divided into four groups: 1) uneventful, 2) hypertension (HT), 3) hypotension for which cateeholamines were administered (CAT), and 4) perioperative myocardial infarction (POMI). The mean cardiac index in the HT group was higher than that in the Uneventful group and some patients in the HT group showed high adrenaline level. A group of patients who had a hypertensive episode and then sustained low cardiac output state (HT-to-LOS group) showed marked elevation of systemic vascular resistance index and noradrenaline level. These findings suggest that the hypertensive episodes in the HT-to-LOS group may be primarily caused by the activation of the sympathetic nerve system and that those of some patients in the HT group may be caused by marked adrenal medullary secretion. Five patients (56%) in the HT group showed plasma renin activity of more than 5.0 ng/ml/hr. and three patients (33%) showed angiotensin II of more than 100 pglml. Thus, postoperative hypertension seems to be multifactorial in nature. The POMI group represented significant elevation of plasma adrenaline concentration and significantly low sensitivity to catecholamines of the ventricle accompanied with impaired left ventricular performance. Although the mean aldosterone level in the CAT group was significantly higher than that in the Uneventful group, only a few patients of the CAT group demonstrated marked elevation of aldosterone concentration which might cause a vicious circle to develop. Clinical significance of modest increase of aldosterone concentration in other patients in the CAT group is questionable.

Topic: Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Niepożądani – Francja wobec emigracji polskiej w latach 1930-1944

Undesirable – French Attitudes Towards Polish Immigration in the Years 1930-1944 Polish historical literature referring to migrations to France is dominated by issues of emigrants’ everyday life and activities. The issue of politics and the legal approach of the French state towards migrants has been hitherto treated marginally. This article discusses the topic of Polish migrants adapting to their new situation and living in France through the perspective of decrees and circulars of the French state regulating the status of migrants.Sources from the French archives indicate that France tightened their laws concerning immigrants in 1930s, including allowing for the establishment of internment camps for “undesirable” foreigners.

Topic: French Historical and Cultural Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Entomological indicators of malaria transmission prior to a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a 'lethal house lure' intervention in central Côte d'Ivoire

A study was conducted prior to implementing a cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRT) of a lethal house lure strategy in central Côte d'Ivoire to provide baseline information on malaria indicators in 40 villages across five health districts.Human landing catches (HLC) were performed between November and December 2016, capturing mosquitoes indoors and outdoors between 18.00 and 08.00 h. Mosquitoes were processed for entomological indicators of malaria transmission (human biting, parity, sporozoite, and entomological inoculation rates (EIR)). Species composition and allelic frequencies of kdr-w and ace-1R mutations were also investigated within the Anopheles gambiae complex.Overall, 15,632 mosquitoes were captured. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Anopheles funestus were the two malaria vectors found during the survey period, with predominance for An. gambiae (66.2%) compared to An. funestus (10.3%). The mean biting rate for An. gambiae was almost five times higher than that for An. funestus (19.8 bites per person per night for An. gambiae vs 4.3 bites per person per night for An. funestus) and this was evident indoors and outdoors. Anopheles funestus was more competent to transmit malaria parasites in the study area, despite relatively lower number tested for sporozoite index (4.14% (63/1521) for An. gambiae vs 8.01% (59/736) for An. funestus; χ2 = 12.216; P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the proportions infected outdoors and indoors for An. gambiae (4.03 vs 4.13%; χ2 = 0.011; P = 0.9197) and for An. funestus (7.89 vs 8.16%; χ2 = 2.58e-29; P = 1). The majority of both infected vectors with malaria parasites harboured Plasmodium falciparum (93.65% for An. gambiae and 98. 31% for An. funestus). Overall, the EIR range for both species in the different districts appeared to be high (0.35-2.20 infected bites per human per night) with the highest value observed in the district of North-Eastern-Bouaké. There were no significant differences between transmission occurring outdoor and indoor for both species. Of the An. gambiae s.l. analysed, only An. gambiae sensu stricto (14.1%) and Anopheles coluzzii (85.9%) were found. The allelic frequencies of kdr and ace-1R were higher in An. gambiae (0.97 for kdr and 0.19 for ace-1R) than in An. coluzzii (0.86 for kdr and 0.10 for ace-1R) (P < 0.001).Despite universal coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the area, there was an abundance of the malaria vectors (An. gambiae and An. funestus) in the study area in central Côte d'Ivoire. Consistent with high insecticide resistance intensity previously detected in these districts, the current study detected high kdr frequency (> 85%), coupled with high malaria transmission pattern, which could guide the use of Eave tubes in the study areas.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Valuation of Environmental Impact Due to Material Construction Mining, Gowa, South Sulawesi

Sand, river stone, soil excavation, sandstone and broken stone are the types of construction materials mining in Gowa Regency and many are found in the Jeneberang River. The Jeneberang River is one of the main rivers in South Sulawesi. However, construction materials mining carried out around the Jeneberang River has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Those negative impacts are erosion, road damage, noise, air pollution, and decrease in water quality. This research was conducted in Gowa Regency. The method used is the Contingent valuation method (CVM). CVM consists of the desire to pay (Willingness to Pay or WTP) and the desire to accept (Willingnes to Accept or WTA. While the social aspect conducts interviews with questionnaire questions to respondents to find out opinions about the surrounding environment. From this study, it is known that WTP and WTA data are inversely proportional. The greater the compensation to be paid, the more societies who want to receive and the fewer companies paid for the compensation.

Topic: Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Isolation and characterization of stem/progenitor cells from adult human liver and evaluation of their hepatic repopulation after transplantation

Stem/progenitor cells from various intra or extra-hepatic sources have been isolated and studied in vitro and in vivo since long time. However, wide clinical application still remains so far because there are still many disagreements around their efficacy and long-term safety. The most logical source of stem/progenitor cells for liver disease treatment is the liver itself. In our study, emergence and proliferation of liver stem/progenitor cells was revealed after progressive death and detachment of primary isolated hepatocytes in vitro. Besides small hepatocytes - widely documented in the literature, the current thesis work allowed the isolation and the characterization of two original cell types with epithelial (liver epithelial-like cells or LECs) and mesenchymal (Adult derived human liver stem cells or ADHLSCs) phenotypes. \nWe were not able to maintain small hepatocytes after trypsin application, reason why in vivo studies were not conducted. In contrary, LECs were isolated by direct trypsin application on their initial small colonies. The homogenous sub-culture of LECs spontaneously differentiated into hepatocytes and/or biliary cells, significantly altering their long-term survival in vitro. ADHLSCs were highly proliferative and could be cultivated for many passages at undifferentiated state. Their hepatogenic differentiation was inducible using specific condition media. These particularities make ADHLSCs more useful than small hepatocytes and LECs in large-scale production settings. Therefore, the major investigations of the current thesis work have been focused on ADHLSCs to evaluate their potential translation use for liver cell based therapy development.

Topic: Liver physiology and pathology
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modulation of vascular contraction via soluble guanylate cyclase signaling in a novel ex vivo method using rat precision‐cut liver slices

Abstract Fibrotic processes in the liver of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients cause microcirculatory dysfunction in the organ which increases blood vessel resistance and causes portal hypertension. Assessing blood vessel function in the liver is challenging, necessitating the development of novel methods in normal and fibrotic tissue that allow for drug screening and translation toward pre‐clinical settings. Cultures of precision cut liver slices (PCLS) from normal and fibrotic rat livers were used for blood vessel function analysis. Live recording of vessel diameter was used to assess the response to endothelin‐1, serotonin and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activation. A cascade of contraction and relaxation events in response to serotonin, endothelin‐1, Ketanserin and sGC activity could be established using vessel diameter analysis of rat PCLS. Both the sGC activator BI 703704 and the sGC stimulator Riociguat prevented serotonin‐induced contraction in PCLS from naive rats. By contrast, PCLS cultures from the rat CCl 4 NASH model were only responsive to the sGC activator, thus establishing that the sGC enzyme is rendered non‐responsive to nitric oxide under oxidative stress found in fibrotic livers. The role of the sGC pathway for vessel relaxation of fibrotic liver tissue was identified in our model. The obtained data shows that the inhibitory capacities on vessel contraction of sGC compounds can be translated to published preclinical data. Altogether, this novel ex vivo PCLS method allows for the differentiation of drug candidates and the translation of therapeutic approaches towards the clinical use.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Interspecies variation in nitrogen uptake kinetic responses of temperate forest species to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>: potential causes and consequences

Summary Despite the recognition that the capacity to acquire N is critical in plant response to CO 2 enrichment, there is little information on how elevated CO 2 affects root N uptake kinetics. The few available data indicate a highly variable pattern of response to elevated CO 2 , but it is presently unclear if the observed inconsistencies are caused by differences in experimental protocols or by true species differences. Furthermore, if there are interspecific variations in N uptake responses to elevated CO 2 , it is not clear whether these are associated with different functional groups. Accordingly, we examined intact root‐system NH 4 + and NO 3 – uptake kinetic responses to elevated CO 2 in seedlings of six temperate forest tree species, representing (i) fast‐ vs. slow‐growers and (ii) broad‐leaves vs. conifers, that were cultured and assayed in otherwise similar conditions. In general, the species tested had a higher uptake capacity ( V max ) for NH 4 + than for NO 3 – . Species substantially differed in their NO 3 – and NH 4 + uptake capacities, but the interspecific differences were markedly greater for NO 3 – than NH 4 + uptake. Elevated CO 2 had a species‐dependent effect on root uptake capacity for NH 4 + ranging from an increase of 215% in Acer negundo L. to a decrease of about 40% in Quercus macrocarpa Michx. In contrast, NO 3 – uptake capacity responded little to CO 2 in all the species except A. negundo in which it was significantly down‐regulated at elevated CO 2 . Across species, the capacity for NH 4 + uptake was positively correlated with the relative growth rate (RGR) of species; however, the CO 2 effect on NH 4 + uptake capacity could not be explained by changes in RGR. The observed variation in NH 4 + uptake response to elevated CO 2 was also inconsistent with life‐form differences. Other possible mechanisms that may explain why elevated CO 2 elicits a species‐specific response in root N uptake kinetics are discussed. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism(s) for such interspecific variation remains unresolved, these differences may have a significant implication for competitive interactions and community responses to elevated CO 2 environment. We suggest that differential species responses in nutrient uptake capacity could be one potential mechanism for the CO 2 ‐induced shifts in net primary productivity and species composition that have been observed in experimental communities exposed to elevated levels of CO 2 .

Topic: Plant responses to elevated CO2
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Questioning the Safety and Reliability of Nuclear Power. An Assessment of Nuclear Incidents and Accidents

Nuclear power is reputed to be one of the safest and cleanest sources of modern electricity. Yet in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, many have begun to question the role of nuclear power in future energy production. A hard look at nuclear power accidents and incidents over the past six decades finds that the historical record gives rise to legitimate concern over the future likelihood of major nuclear disasters.

Topic: Nuclear and radioactivity studies
Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Some revelations about the legal industry. by Francis Regan

tag=1 data=Some revelations about the legal industry. by Francis Regan. 

tag=2 data=Regan, Francis

tag=3 data=Legal Service Bulletin.

tag=4 data=15

tag=5 data=5

tag=6 data=October 1990

tag=7 data=206,207.

tag=8 data=LAW

tag=9 data=LEGAL SERVICES INDUSTRY

tag=10 data=The Australian Bureau of Statistics report on the legal services industry contains a mine of information.

tag=11 data=1990/2/12

tag=12 data=557

tag=13 data=CAB

Topic: Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An Empirical Analysis of Algorithmic Pricing on Amazon Marketplace

The rise of e-commerce has unlocked practical applications for algorithmic pricing (also called dynamic pricing algorithms), where sellers set prices using computer algorithms. Travel websites and large, well known e-retailers have already adopted algorithmic pricing strategies, but the tools and techniques are now available to small-scale sellers as well.

Topic: Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Acoustic Evaluation of Sanders Associates ACODAC Sensors

Abstract : Two Sanders Associates Incorporated pressure gradient directional sensors capable of deep ocean operation were evaluated at the NAVAIRDEVCEN'S open Water Facility under simulated acoustical and environmental conditions. Measured acoustic performance was satisfactory except for narrow frequency bands where the directivity and receiving response were degraded.

Topic: Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Table 1. Morphological comparison between Hoya pyrifolia E. F in Hoya pyrifolia (Apocynaceae), a new species from south-western Yunnan, China

Table 1. Morphological comparison between Hoya pyrifolia E.F.Huang, its closest relatives and morphologically-similar species. TaxaLeafInflorescenceCoronaCalyx lobesPolliniaH. chinghungensisOvate to broadly ovate, 10-13 mm × 7-10 mm; pubescent on both surfaces when young; base rounded to truncate, apex rounded to obtuse or acuminate; midvein evident on both surfaces4-5-flowered; peduncle ca. 8 mm longRose-colored1.5-2 mm longUnknownH. dickasonianaElliptic or ovate, 9-19 mm × 5-10 mm; glabrous; base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse; midvein evident on both surfaces3-6-flowered peduncle ca. 5 mm longUnknown2-2.5 mm longOblong; ca. 1 mm long;H. englerianaNarrowly oblong, 20-25 mm × ca. 5 mm; pubescent on both surfaces when young; base cuneate, apex usually obtuse with mucro; midvein evident abaxially5-7-flowered; peduncle ca. 6 mmRose-colored1.5-2 mm longUnknownH. kingdonwardiiElliptic to slightly elliptic-lanceolate, 10-17 mm × 5-10 mm; glabrous; base cuneate and apex acuminate; midvein evident on both surfaces3-4-flowered; peduncle 7-10 mm longUnknownca. 3 mm longOblong; ca. 0.8 mm longH. lanceolataLanceolate, ca. 25 mm × 15 mm; based cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate; sparsely pubescent on both surfaces when young; midvein evident on both surfaces;7-12-flowered; peduncle ca. 12 mmRose-coloredUnknownUnknownH. longicalyxOvate-lanceolate, 15-20 mm × ca. 10 mm; base rounded, apex acuminate; slightly pubescent; midvein depressed adaxially, raised abaxially;3-4-flowered; peduncle ca. 5 mm longWhitish5-7 mm longClavate; 0.55-0.6 mm long, narrowing towards the base;H. pyrifoliaPyriform, 10-14 mm × 4-7 mm; slightly pubescent adaxially, glabrous abaxially; base obtuse or rounded, apex rounded or truncate; midvein absent adaxially, obscure abaxially4-flowered; peduncle 8-10 mm longRose-coloredca. 4 mm longOblong; ca. 0.6 mm long

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Wolbachia Infection and Adult Food on the Sexual Signaling of Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata

Sexual signaling is a fundamental component of sexual behavior of Ceratitis capitata that highly determines males’ mating success. Nutritional status and age are dominant factors known to affect males’ signaling performance and define the female decision to accept a male as a sexual partner. Wolbachia pipientis, a widespread endosymbiotic bacterium of insects and other arthropods, exerts several biological effects on its hosts. However, the effects of Wolbachia infection on the sexual behavior of medfly and the interaction between Wolbachia infection and adult food remain unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Wolbachia on sexual signaling of protein-fed and protein-deprived males. Our findings demonstrate that: (a) Wolbachia infection reduced male sexual signaling rates in both food regimes; (b) the negative effect of Wolbachia infection was more pronounced on protein-fed than protein-deprived males, and it was higher at younger ages, indicating that the bacterium regulates male sexual maturity; (c) Wolbachia infection alters the daily pattern of sexual signaling; and (d) protein deprivation bears significant descent on sexual signaling frequency of the uninfected males, whereas no difference was observed for the Wolbachia-infected males. The impact of our findings on the implementation of Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) or the combined SIT/IIT towards controlling insect pests is discussed.

Topic: Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cytological diagnosis of exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage: Comparison of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in standardbred racehorses

Abstract Background Cytology of airway samples is sensitive for diagnosis of exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH), but the association between tracheal wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether diagnosis of EIPH, using haemosiderophages/macrophages (H/M) ratio, differs when based on TW or BALF. Methods A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on 102 standardbred horses in training. TW and BALF were collected concomitantly from all horses at rest (at least 24 hours after their last training or race), and their H/M ratios were calculated. Spearman's correlation, Cohen's kappa and Gwet's coefficient tests were performed to evaluate the association between TW and BALF samples. Results With BALF, 21 horses met the cytological inclusion criteria for an EIPH diagnosis from individual and/or pooled samples. With TW, 20 horses had occasional (H/M &lt; 10%) haemosiderophages, and nine, one and three horses had small (10%–25%), moderate (25%–50%) and large (&gt;50%) proportions, respectively. Poor correlations and inconsistent concordances between TW and BALF were found for H/M ratio. Limitations Limitations include the use of a single staining method and the absence of a total haemosiderin score. Conclusion No association between TW and BALF was found for the cytological diagnosis of EIPH. Based on H/M ratio, BALF remains the sample type of choice for cytological diagnosis of EIPH.

Topic: Veterinary Equine Medical Research
Subfield: Equine
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Integration of the DNA of a novel filamentous bacteriophage VSK from Vibrio cholerae 0139 into the host chromosomal DNA

An unusual filamentous bacteriophage, VSK, containing single-stranded, circular DNA as its genome was isolated from Vibrio cholerae 0139 strains P07 and B04. Unlike other single-stranded DNA phages, VSK can integrate its genome into the chromosome of the host and enter into a lysogenic state. The double-stranded replicative form (RF) of the single-stranded phage DNA was isolated. A restriction map of the VSK RF DNA was constructed using HaeII, AvaII, ClaI and XbaI. By Southern blot analysis of the chromosomal DNA of the lysogen using labeled phage DNA as probe, the attachment site (attP) on the viral genome was also identified.

Topic: Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
RELIGION AND SOCIAL TOLERANCE: GENERATION Z'S VIEWS ON EXPOSURE TO HOMOSEXUALITY IN THE MASS MEDIA

The media exerts a considerable influence on individuals' views, attitudes, and behaviors, particularly on those who lack access to alternative sources of information or are still shaping and forming their identities and perspectives. Attitude towards homosexuality has been different in understanding to type of societies’ cultural and moral development or political circumstance. Arising out of this issue on homosexuality is the idea of natural law and some interpretations of that law as forbidding homosexual sex. Traditionally, homosexuals have been underrepresented and misrepresented in television series and feature films. Homosexual characters have been cast in stereotypically negative roles purely for amusing the audience. In this paper, the researchers were able to analyze how the introduction of content presenting and detailing LGBT individuals and concerns into the mainstream media affects the audiences' attitudes and acceptance of the issue, particularly the Generation Z. The findings indicated that the majority of generation Z residents in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat, aged 15-19, are not influenced by the media in their views on homosexuality, and the interpretation revealed a neutral conclusion in terms of fully tolerating homosexuality in the community.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences