jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“For Zion's Sake I Will Not Rest”: The London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews and its Nineteenth-Century Missionary Periodicals

Since the Evangelical Revival triggered a new wave of British millenarian expectations and aroused religiously motivated interest in Jews, various religious bodies and individuals envisioned the necessity of Jews' conversion, stimulating countless and restless efforts to evangelize “God's chosen people.” These efforts, organized within the framework of the vast British missionary enterprise, soon became “nothing short of a national project,” to cite Michael Ragussis. This project, dubbed by its critics as “the English madness,” expressed itself in activity of various societies, and missions, in a wide flow of literature and in constantly recurring public debates. The London Society for Promoting Christianity among Jews (abbreviated from here to the London Society or the Society), was probably its most important outcome. Established as a separate missionary enterprise in 1809, it was the oldest and the largest society in field of nineteenth-century British “Jewish missions.” It sent missionaries not only to the Jewish communities in British colonial spaces, but also far beyond. The efforts of the Society to convert Jews are well reflected in its numerous missionary periodicals whose function, form, and language I wish to discuss here.

Topic: Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Patient complaints within 1 month of mild traumatic brain injury: A controlled study

Symptom complaints of 118 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), within 1 month postinjury, were compared with those of 118 control participants without a MTBI. The MTBI and control subjects were group-matched on age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and education status. Differences in symptom endorsements and severity ratings were found between the groups, with 16 of the 43 queried symptoms endorsed significantly more often (Bonferroni-corrected P<.00116) by MTBI patients than by controls. A total of 23 of the 43 symptoms were endorsed at a significantly higher severity by MTBI patients. The MTBI sample showed significantly higher within-group variability, with severity ranging from minimal to high. Perhaps because of this high variability, a logistic regression used to discriminate MTBI patients from controls was only moderately successful. This indicates that subjective complaints probably cannot be used, even soon after injury, to decisively distinguish individual MTBI patients from uninjured persons.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Essential Roles of ECAT15-2/Dppa2 in Functional Lung Development

Many transcription factors and DNA binding proteins play essential roles in the development of organs in which they are highly and/or specifically expressed. Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-associated transcript 15-1 (ECAT15-1) and ECAT15-2, also known as developmental pluripotency-associated 4 (Dppa4) and Dppa2, respectively, are enriched in mouse ESCs and preimplantation embryos, and their genes encode homologous proteins with a common DNA binding domain known as the SAP motif. Previously, ECAT15-1 was shown to be important in lung development, while it is dispensable in early development. In this study, we generated ECAT15-2 single and ECAT15-1 ECAT15-2 double knockout (double KO) mice and found that almost all mutants, like ECAT15-1 mutants, died around birth with respiratory defects. Paradoxically, the expression of neither ECAT15-1 nor ECAT15-2 was detected in lung organogenesis. Several genes, such as Nkx2-5, Gata4, and Pitx2, were downregulated in the ECAT15-2-null lung. On the other hand, genomic DNA of these genes showed inactive chromatin statuses in ECAT15-2-null ESCs, but not in wild-type ESCs. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that ECAT15-2 binds to the regulatory region of Nkx2-5 in ESCs. These data suggest that ECAT15-2 has important roles in lung development, where it is no longer expressed, by leaving epigenetic marks from earlier developmental stages.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Operating Characteristics and <i>a Priori</i> Probability of the Signal

Two fixed-interval observation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a priori probability of signal occurrence [p(SN)] on signal detectability. The signal was a “pure tone” of 1000 cps, presented for 250 msec against a continuous background of white gaussian noise. (1) Three values of p(SN) (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) were paired with each of three values of E/N0 (6.3, 12.6, and 20.0). (2) With E/N0 fixed at 12.6, p(SN) was assigned values of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.90. Listeners employed a four-point rating scale to indicate their confidence that a signal had been presented. Operating characteristics were fitted to the data on normal probability paper. An obtained operating characteristic indicates the detectability of the signal for the listener and may be specified completely by its two parameters, slope and √de. The results indicate that √de is independent of p(SN), as predicted by the Theory of Signal Detectability. The slope of the operating characteristic, on the other hand, appears to be a joint function of p(SN) and E/N0. With E/N0 = 20.0, slope increased markedly as p(SN) increased; with E/N0 = 12.6, slope was a nondecreasing function of p(SN), ranging from about 0.70 for p(SN) = 0.10 to about 1.00 for p(SN) = 0.90; and with E/N0 = 6.3, slope was independent of p(SN). (This research was supported by the Operational Applications Laboratory, Air Force Cambridge Research Center.)

Topic: Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Collection and characterization of emotional body behaviors

This paper addressees two issues in modeling bodily expression of emotions; emotional behaviors collection and expressive movement characterization. In this paper, we describe our body movement coding schema intended to the characterization of bodily emotional expression in different movement tasks. We describe as well the database that we use for the characterization of emotion expression in different movement tasks through the proposed body movement coding schema.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Aliran Feminisme Modern dan Aliran Feminisme Menurut Islam

Feminism is the ideology developed by the Western Europe in order to fight for equality between the two types of people: men and women. Their goal was to demand justice and the liberation of women from the shackles of religion, culture, and other living structure. The term feminism or gender is often called, according to Dr. Mansour Fakih, no description is able to explain briefly and clearly. They want separation of gender and sex. That is, by nature do not matter but the nature of it that need attention. For them, the concept of gender that is an inherent nature of the opponent men and women who are socially and culturally constructed. For example, it is known a gentle woman, beautiful, emotional, or motherhood. While men are considered strong, rational, manly, powerful. As according to Oakley (1972) in Sex, Gender, and Society, gender differences are not biologically meaningful, and not the nature of God. Biological differences are differences in gender (sex) which is the nature of God, and therefore are permanently different. As gender is a difference in behavior (behavioral differences) between men and women, the differences are not natural or not the provisions of God, but was created by humans through social and cultural processes that long. Therefore, a gender change from time to time.

Topic: Gender and Women's Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Class, States and International Relations: A critical appraisal of Robert Cox and neo-Gramscian theory

This book provides an outline and a critique of neo-Gramscian international relations theory, from a Marxist perspective. 
Focusing on the pioneering work of Robert Cox, but also drawing on the wider neo-Gramscian literature, this book presents a comprehensive account of neo-Gramscian international relations theory. It highlights the neo-Gramscian critique of mainstream Realist theory and the theoretical innovations that resulted from the mobilisation of Gramsci’s ideas and Cox’s emphasis on the social forces underpinning forms of state and world orders. The author explains how this is especially relevant in the current period of war and crisis, when the international dimensions of social existence continue to exercise a major influence over ‘domestic’ politics and economics, and when the interest in Marxism can be expected to grow. The book continues to provide a critique of the neo-Gramscians and of what the author argues is their one-sided reading of Gramsci. Placing coercion at the centre of a mode of production analysis of world order, the author elaborates a Marxist alternative to neo-Gramscianism that provides more robust explanations of world order dynamics and change.
Using a combination of IR theory and historical explanation, including of contemporary world order dynamics and US power, this book will appeal to both students and scholars of International Relations, international studies, and international history.

Topic: Political theory and Gramsci
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Up-to-date state of storage techniques used for large numerical data files

Methods for data storage and output in data banks and memory files are discussed along with a survey of equipment available for this. Topics discussed include magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, Terabit magnetic tape memory, Unicon 690 laser memory, IBM 1360 photostore, microfilm recording equipment, holographic recording, film readers, optical character readers, digital data storage techniques, and photographic recording. The individual types of equipment are summarized in tables giving the basic technical parameters.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Synthesis and Isolation of N-tert-Butyl-2-phenylsuccinamic Acid and N-tert-Butyl-3-phenylsuccinamic Acid. An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Isolation of N-tert-Butyl-2-phenylsuccinamic Acid and N-tert-Butyl-3-phenylsuccinamic Acid. An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory ExperimentVictor Cesare , Ishwar Sadarangani , Janet Rollins , and Dennis Costello View Author Information Department of Chemistry, St. John''s University, Jamaica, NY 11439Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 5, 713Publication Date (Web):May 1, 2004Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed081p713https://doi.org/10.1021/ed081p713research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Isolation,Molecular structure,Organic chemistry,Substitution reactions,Undergraduates Get e-Alerts

Topic: Various Chemistry Research Topics
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Abuse of Smoking Methamphetamine Mixed with Tobacco: II. The Formation Mechanism of Pyrolysis Products

Abstract The pyrolysis products of smoking methamphetamine mixed with tobacco were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. The mainstream smoke contained methamphetamine (14.5% of the initial methamphetamine), phenylacetone (3.1%), N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine (1.9%), trans-β-methylstyrene (1.7%), N-formylmethamphetamine (1.5%), and other products (each &amp;lt;1%). The amount of each pyrolysis product in the sidestream smoke was less than that in the mainstream smoke by a factor of over 5, except for methamphetamine (10.5%) and N-formylmethamphetamine (1.4%). The formation mechanism of these products was investigated, by use of a pyrolyzer, from the standpoint of the material, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis atmosphere. Although several products (for example, dimethylamphetamine and trans-β-methylstyrene) were formed by thermal self-decomposition of methamphetamine alone, most of the products, except N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine, were formed chiefly by the thermal reaction of methamphetamine with cigarette components. The formation of N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine required air and a high pyrolysis temperature. Air and a high pyrolysis temperature generally accelerated the formation of the pyrolysis products.

Topic: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Referencing Practices of<i>Mind, Culture, and Activity</i>: On Citing (Sighting?) and Being Cited (Sighted?)

As those of our readers who have recently submitted articles to this journal are aware, for some time we have been concerned about the patterning of referencing practices that we have been observin...

Topic: Multilingual Education and Policy
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Continued Dispensing: What medications do patients believe should be available?

Background. Continued Dispensing (CD) is a new medication supply method for certain medications in Australia. It aims to prevent treatment interruption as a result of patients’ inability to obtain a new valid prescription. The only currently eligible patients for this service are statin and oral contraceptive users who are: using these medications for 6 months or more, did not utilise the CD method during the last 12 months, and cannot obtain an immediate appointment with the prescriber in order to get a new prescription. This study aimed to investigate patients’ attitudes towards potential extension and expansion of this medication supply method. Methods. A randomly selected 301 users of these medications from all Australian States were recruited using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI). Result. The majority of the participants (73.3%) did not agree with current restriction on CD utilisation frequency. They also supported, to varying degrees, inclusion of all the proposed medications (support ranged from 44.2 - 78.4%). Participants who suffered from a specific disease did not differ significantly from those without the disease except in case of patients with depression (p= 0.001 ). Conclusions. Participants of this study strongly supported both CD extension and expansion. A critical review of the current version of CD is highly recommended in order to enhance CD capability to achieve its goals.

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Postpartum Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: How to Manage?

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome. We present the case of a 29 years old Turkish female, one week postpartum, diagnosed as spontaneous coronary dissection who was treated successfully with coronary artery bypass grafting. We overview the management strategies and treatment options for postpartum spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Topic: Cardiovascular Issues in Pregnancy
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and Optimization of a Lightweight and Simple Self-Propelled Crawler Potato Combine Harvester

To address the inadequacies of mechanized potato-harvesting equipment on challenging terrains like hills, mountains, and small fields, a lightweight and simple self-propelled crawler potato combine harvester was developed based on the agronomic and harvesting requirements of potato cultivation. The machine consists of key components including a depth-limited soil-crushing device, an auxiliary feeding device, an excavation device, a rubber rod separation device, and a ton bag sorting device. It offers technical advantages such as a lightweight structure, auxiliary feeding and conveying, and manual assistance in sorting ton bags. The key components, such as the auxiliary feeding device, depth-limiting soil-crushing device, and rubber rod separation device, were analyzed theoretically to determine the relevant structures and parameters. Through initial harvesting performance tests, the separation screen line speed, vibration frequency, and device inclination angle were identified as the experimental factors. Evaluation indicators such as potato bruise rate, skin breakage rate, loss rate, and impurity content were chosen, and a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken optimization test was conducted. The results indicated that with a separation screen line speed of 1 m/s, vibration frequency of 8 Hz, and device inclination angle of 30°, the potato damage rate during harvesting was 1.318%, the skin breakage rate was 1.825%, the loss rate was 2.815%, and the impurity rate was 2.736%. Field tests with the same parameters showed that the potato damage rate, skin breakage rate, loss rate, and impurity rate of the harvester were 1.357%, 1.853%, 2.86%, and 2.748%, respectively, meeting relevant industry technical standards. This research can serve as a reference for enhancing the harvesting performance of potato combine harvesters and ton bag sorting technology.

Topic: Plant Disease Management Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determinants of online professor reviews: an elaboration likelihood model perspective

Purpose Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), the authors examine the influence of perceived professor teaching qualities, as central cues, on online professor ratings. Also, our study investigates how the volume and period of reviews, as peripheral cues, affect online professor ratings. Design/methodology/approach Leveraging stratified random sampling, the authors collect reviews of 892 Information Systems professors from 250 American universities. The authors employ regression models while conducting robustness tests through multi-level logistic regression and causal inference methods. Findings Our results suggest that the central route from perceived professor qualities to online professor ratings is significant, including most qualitative pedagogical factors except positive assessment. In addition to course difficulty, the effect of the peripheral route is limited due to deficient diagnosticity. Research limitations/implications Our primary concern about the data validity is a lack of a competing and complementary dataset. However, an institutional evaluation survey or an experimental study can corroborate our findings in future research. Practical implications Online professor review sites can enhance their perceived diagnosticity and credibility by increasing review vividness and promoting site interactivity. In addition to traditional institutional evaluations, professors can obtain insightful feedback from review sites to improve their teaching effectiveness. Originality/value To our best knowledge, this study is the first attempt to employ the ELM and accessibility-diagnosticity theory in explicating the information processing of online professor reviews. It also sheds light on various determinants and routes to persuasion, thus providing a novel theoretical perspective on online professor reviews.

Topic: Online and Blended Learning
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Truth or Economics

Is economic efficiency a sound basis upon which to make public policy or legal decisions? In this sophisticated analysis, Richard S. Markovits considers the way in which scholars and public decision-makers define, predict, and assess the moral and legal relevance of economic efficiency. The author begins by identifying imperfections in the traditional definition of economic efficiency. He then develops and illustrates an appropriate response to Second-Best Theory and investigates the moral and legal relevance of economic-efficiency analyses. Not only do virtually all economic, legal, and public policy thinkers misdefine economic efficiency, the author concludes, they also ignore or respond inadequately to Second-Best Theory when analyzing the economic efficiency of public choices and misassess the relevance of economic-efficiency conclusions both for moral evaluations and for the answer to legal-rights questions that is correct as a matter of law.

Topic: Corruption and Economic Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Being with People and Being Alone in Late Life: Costs and Benefits for Everyday Functioning

Being alone and being with people are both important determinants for adaptation in the everyday life of elderly people. We examined the relationship between social contact (engagement in activities alone or in the presence of others), difficulties experienced with daily activities when with people or when alone, everyday satisfaction, and self-reported autonomy. Greater levels of social contact are associated with greater everyday satisfaction as long as participants report no difficulty in daily activities. However, greater levels of social contact are associated with lower self-reported autonomy among very old participants (85-104 years) and social contact is unrelated to self-reported autonomy among old participants (70-84 years). The findings suggest that the compensatory use of social resources and the selective narrowing of social contact in daily activities contribute to adaptive everyday functioning in later life.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Logic of Markedness

Abstract Theories of language espoused by linguists during much of this century have assumed that there is a hierarchy to the elements of language such that certain constructions, rules, and features are unmarked while others are marked; "play" for example, is unmarked or neutral, while "played" or "player" is marked. This opposition, referred to as markedness, is one of the concepts which both Chomskyan generative grammar and Jakobsonian structuralism appear to share, yet which each tradition has treated differently. Battistella studies the historical development of the concept of markedness in the Prague School structuralism of Roman Jakobson, its importation into generative linguistics, and its subsequent development within Chomsky's Principles and Parameters framework. He traces how structuralist and generative linguistics have drawn on and expanded the notion of markedness, both as a means of characterizing linguistic constructs and as a theory of the innate language faculty.

Topic: Historical Linguistics and Language Studies
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences