jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in celiac disease and the effect of gluten‐free diet

Background and Aim Patients with celiac disease (CD) have a poor health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL). We assessed the QOL in patients with CD using both generic (SF‐12) and specific (CD‐QOL) questionnaires, and the effect of gluten‐free diet (GFD) on HR‐QOL. Methods We conducted a prospective follow‐up study based on consecutive patients of suspected CD between June 2014 and November 2015. After taking a detailed history, all patients were subjected to laboratory investigations (including complete blood count, biochemistry, and the IgA tTG antibody), followed by endoscopy and duodenal biopsies for histopathology. The HR‐QOL was assessed using SF‐12 and CD‐QOL questionnaires. Patients who were strictly adherent to GFD were re‐assessed at the end of 6 months for laboratory parameters and QOL. Results Sixty adult patients of CD, with mean age of 28.85 ± 12.43 years, and a M:F ratio of 1.3:1, were enrolled in the study. The mean PCS (physical health composite scale score) and MCS (mental health composite scale score) at baseline were 37.20 ± 11.09 and 41.88 ± 8.39, which showed a statistically significant improvement after GFD to 50.30 ± 9.88 and 50.22 ± 9.04, respectively. Though there was no significant difference in the total CD‐QOL score after GFD, there was a significant improvement in the dysphoria and health‐concern subscales. We also found a negative correlation of the pre‐GFD symptom score (based on number of positive symptoms) with PCS and MCS and a positive correlation with the CD‐QOL score. Conclusion This study has shown a reduced HR‐QOL in adult CD patients, which improves significantly on GFD, and is associated with a higher symptom number.

Topic: Celiac Disease Research and Management
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>exo</i>-Selective Catalysts for 1,3-Dipolar Nitrone Cycloaddition

There are numerous methods for endo-selective cycloaddition reactions; however, few examples addressing exo-selectivity can be found. 1,3-Dipolar nitrone cycloadditions serve as templates for developing selective catalysts, as regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity must all be addressed. Using Ph-BOX ligands and Lewis acids such as Mg(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), selectivity can be tuned for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between acryloyloxazolidinone and diphenyl nitrone. Under the optimal exo-selective conditions, >98:2 regioselectivity, 10:90 endo/exo selectivity and 99% ee exo was obtained with trans-diphenyl-BOX ligand and Ni(ClO4)2 as Lewis acid.

Topic: Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary material from "Plant guttation provides nutrient-rich food for insects"

Plant guttation is a fluid from xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves from many plant species. All previous studies have considered guttation as a water source for insects. Here, we hypothesized that plant guttation serves as a reliable and nutrient-rich food source for insects with effects on their communities. Using highbush blueberries as a study system, we demonstrate that guttation droplets contain carbohydrates and proteins. Insects from three feeding lifestyles, an herbivore, a parasitic wasp and a predator, increased their longevity and fecundity when fed on these guttation droplets compared to those fed on control water. Our results also show that guttation droplets, unlike nectar, are present on leaves during the entire growing season and are visited by numerous insects of different orders. In exclusion-field experiments, the presence of guttation modified the insect community by increasing the number of predators and parasitic wasps that visited the plants. Overall, our results demonstrate that plant guttation is highly reliable, compared to other plant-derived food sources such as nectar, and that it increases the communities and fitness of insects. Therefore, guttation represents an important plant trait with profound implications on multi-trophic insect–plant interactions.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Response of Arabidopsis to Iron Deficiency Stress as Revealed by Microarray Analysis

Gene expression in response to Fe deficiency was analyzed in Arabidopsis roots and shoots through the use of a cDNA collection representing at least 6,000 individual gene sequences. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown 1, 3, and 7 d in the absence of Fe, and gene expression in roots and shoots was investigated. Following confirmation of data and normalization methods, expression of several sequences encoding enzymes known to be affected by Fe deficiency was investigated by microarray analysis. Confirmation of literature reports, particularly for changes in enzyme activity, was not always possible, but changes in gene expression could be confirmed. An expression analysis of genes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway revealed an induction of several enzymes within 3 d of Fe-deficient growth, indicating an increase in respiration in response to Fe deficiency. In roots, transcription of sequences corresponding to enzymes of anaerobic respiration was also induced, whereas in shoots, the induction of several genes in gluconeogenesis, starch degradation, and phloem loading was observed. Thus, it seemed likely that the energy demand in roots required for the Fe deficiency response exceeded the capacity of oxidative phosphorylation, and an increase in carbon import and anaerobic respiration were required to maintain metabolism.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Survey on the Dietary Habit and Milk Consumption Behavior of Preschool Children in the Daegu Area

This study aims to investigate the dietary habits, consumption of commercial beverages, and milk intake among children under the age of 7 in the Daegu area, providing foundational data for promoting healthy eating habits and increased milk consumption. A survey was conducted with 308 participants, including children attending daycares and kindergartens in Daegu and their mothers. The results showed that the majority of children ate breakfast daily, with an average of two types of vegetable side dishes, fruits consumed more than once a day, meat consumed 3-4 times a week, fish consumed 1-2 times a week, fast food consumed 1-2 times a week, snacks eaten more than once a day, and sweet snacks consumed more than once a day. The frequency of consuming commercial beverages, excluding milk, was reported to be 1-2 times per week, with fruit and vegetable juices being the most popular. The frequency of milk consumption was high, with many children consuming it at least once a day. Higher frequencies of milk consumption were associated with children who ate breakfast daily, did not exhibit picky eating behaviors, and exercised regularly. The most common reason for consuming milk was for growth and development, with the average daily milk intake being one cup. While plain milk was the most commonly consumed type, chocolate milk was preferred. Regarding purchasing decisions, brand loyalty was the most significant factor, and the most favored method to promote milk consumption was enhancing its nutritional content. In conclusion, it is necessary to connect with early childhood education institutions and parents to form proper eating habits and increase the milk intake of children under 7 years of age in the Daegu area. It is necessary to develop nutrition education programs and various educational contents for the nutritional value and effect of milk, as well as dietary education, provide educational materials to the home, develop milk products suitable for trends, and promote marketing.

Topic: Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The Association Between Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 Level and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Objective Serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is associated with immune and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to assess the performance of serum HE4 in the early detection of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum HE4 levels were measured in 199 patients with COPD, all of whom were prospectively followed up for a median period of 36 months (range = 3 months–38 months). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) history and HE4 in patients with COPD. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of serum HE4 for predicting CV events. Results Serum HE4 levels were higher in patients with COPD with CV events than in those without CV events (252.6 pmol/L [186.4–366.8] vs 111.0 pmol/L [84.8–157.1]; P &amp;lt;.001). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that serum HE4 (odds ratio = 1.639; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.213–2.317; Ptrend =.009) was independently associated with CVD history after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption status, admission systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction, primary diseases, and laboratory measurements in patients with COPD at baseline. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that serum HE4 (hazard ratio = 2.012; 95% CI, 1.773–4.469; P &amp;lt;.001) was an independent prognostic factor for CV events in these patients. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the rate of CV events was higher in patients with COPD with HE4 levels above the median (187.5 pmol/L) than in those with HE4 levels below the median. Conclusion Our results showed that serum HE4 was significantly and independently associated with CVD history and had independent predictive value for CV events in patients with COPD. Serum HE4 may enable early recognition of CV complication development among patients with COPD.

Topic: Asthma and respiratory diseases
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An explanatory study of the use of e-mail investor communication by South African listed companies

Background: Although research shows that almost all listed companies have corporate websites with dedicated investor relations (IR) sections that enable companies to ‘push’ information to investors, it was argued that such an asymmetrical approach to communication is insufficient for companies wishing to exercise good IR. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Internet to act as a mechanism to achieve more interactive communication between companies and investors.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the responsiveness, timeliness and relevance of companies’ responses to e-mail requests, and to test for the determinants (size, market-to-book ratio, profitability, leverage and liquidity) thereof.Method: The mystery investor approach and a content analysis were used to study the e-mail handling performance of companies. The associations between company-specific characteristics were statistically tested.Results: It was found that the e-mail handling performance of companies in this study was poor compared with previous studies. Significant relationships between company size and responsiveness and relevance, and between market-to-book ratio and relevance were reported, as well as between the contact method used to request information and relevance and the use of social media and timeliness.Conclusion: Specific areas where companies could improve their investor communications were identified. The need for further research was discussed to explain some of the relationships found, as well as those not found, in contrast to what was expected. Future research is warranted to examine the relationship between the e-mail handling performance of companies and information asymmetry and the cost of equity of companies.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SEAIoT: Scalable E-Health Architecture based on Internet of Things

In this paper, a scalable e-health architecture based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed.In this suggested architecture, the clinic hardware can communicate with other clinics' hardware remotely with minimal or no human intervention, which is a key difference between the proposed architecture and the former ones.The idea of our architecture is to use the internet as a communication media between different architecture hardware.Each hardware clinic should be adapted to receive its required information from the internet.Using our system will provide the medical specialists with advantages such as scalability and flexibility.Furthermore, the cost and the effort will be decreased.The processes in our proposed architecture are executed on advanced medical devices in real time mode, which maximize the diagnosis accuracy and minimize the processing time.Finally, a case study, which is related to 2D and 4D ultrasonography devices, is demonstrated to clarify our architecture.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Navajo and autism: the beauty of harmony

With so much unknown about autism, the disability tends to reflect the sociocultural preconceptions people project onto it. The predominant narrative in Western society of autism as a 'disease' within the medical model contrasts with the more positive, empowering view of autism as a 'difference' in the social model and neurodiversity movement. Society has also discriminated against and disabled the Navajo Native Americans since the arrival of Euro-Americans. Navajos resiliently balance between exercising self-determination within their own nation and adapting to outside society, with a culture that remains remarkably intact. The Navajo thus presented exceptional opportunity for cross-cultural analysis. It suggested that the traditional Navajo social constructs of harmony and beauty, as encompassed by a wellness philosophy called Hozho, better serve the needs of Autistic people than the Western notion of 'progress' through science and technology.

Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Method to support diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on structural analysis of histological images

Histopathology is considered one of the most important tools for diagnosis in medical routine. It is characterized by the study of structural and morphological changes of the cells, caused by diseases in biological tissues. The use of computational techniques in the processing of histopathological images allows the identification of structural elements as well as the determination of inherent characteristics, supporting the study of the structural organization of tissues and their pathological changes. Within this perspective, the overall objective of this work includes the proposal, the implementation and the evaluation of a methodology for the analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from histopathological samples through techniques based on Neighbourhood Graphs theory and Complex Networks. The proposed method was evaluated concerning the detection of the presence of lesions in the tissue. The maximum accuracy obtained in the evaluation of the detection of abnormalities was 88%. Since this method is generic, it can be applied to other types of lesions and tissues.

Topic: AI in cancer detection
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemoprophylaxis and Venous Thromboembolism in Traumatic Brain Injury at Different Trauma Centers

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Because of concerns of worsening intracranial hemorrhage, clinicians are hesitant to start VTE chemoprophylaxis in this population. We hypothesized that ACS Level I trauma centers would be more aggressive with VTE chemoprophylaxis in adults with severe TBI than Level II centers. We also predicted that Level I centers would have a lower risk of VTE. We queried the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010–2016) database for patients with Abbreviated Injury Scale scores of 4 and 5 of the head and compared them based on treating the hospital trauma level. Of 204,895 patients with severe TBI, 143,818 (70.2%) were treated at Level I centers and 61,077 (29.8%) at Level II centers. The Level I cohort had a higher rate of VTE chemoprophylaxis use (43.2% vs 23.3%, P &lt; 0.001) and a shorter median time to chemoprophylaxis (61.9 vs 85.9 hours, P &lt; 0.001). Although Level I trauma centers started VTE chemoprophylaxis more often and earlier than Level II centers, there was no difference in the risk of VTE ( P = 0.414) after controlling for covariates. Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the timing, safety, and efficacy of early VTE chemoprophylaxis in severe TBI patients.

Topic: Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Internal Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Soviet oil exports : trade adjustments, refining constraints and market behaviour

This book examines the oil export policy of the Soviet Union, a major non-OPEC supplier to the world petroleum market. The authors consider the significant role played by oil exports in the overall Soviet balance of payments, and discuss the many factors determining the allocation of oil exports among the developed West, the CMEA countries, and the Third World. They also provide an important econometric analysis of the pattern of oil exports to the West. The constraints faced by planners in the exploration, development, and refining sectors of the Soviet oil industry are examined in detail, and the effects of the development of substitute fuels, particularly natural gas, are considered. The study also describes the means by which Soviet foreign trade agencies market crude oil and products to the West, and provides an in-depth analysis of the forward market for Russian gas oil in north-west Europe. Oil industry personnel; consultants; officials of governments and international organizations concerned with the world petroleum market; economists interested in international trade; all those interested in the Soviet Union, its political and economic relationship with the West, eastern Europe, and the Third World.

Topic: Russia and Soviet political economy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Genetic determinants of lipid aberrations in patents with essential hypertension

Aim. To reveal the relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and lipid spectrum modification in patients with essential hypertension. Materials and methods. The lipid spectrum components and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism were analyzed in 310 patients with essential hypertension. Results. The mean plasma levels of total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides and the atherogenic index were 5.18 ± 0.08 mmol/l, 1.32 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 3.06 ± 0.07 mmol/l, 1.74 ± 0.05 mmol/l and 3.21 ± 0.08, respectively. In patients with essential hypertension, the genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E was characterized by the alleles E2 (13.26 %), E3 (93.87 %) and E4 (30.65 %) presence. Based on single nucleotide polymorphism identification, there were defined the following genotypes: E2/E2 (0.65 %), E2/E3 (10.97 %), E2/E4 (1.61 %), E3/E3 (57.74 %), E3/E4 (25.16 %) and E4/E4 (3.87 %). Individuals with E2/E4 genotype had higher levels of total cholesterol (+17.56 %, P < 0.05) and low density lipoproteins (+25.7 %, P < 0.01), and atherogenic index was increased (+38.18 %, P < 0.05) in E4/E4 carriers in comparison with E2/E3. Hypertonic E4/E4 carriers were found to have elevated plasma triglycerides (+20.23 %, P < 0.05) in comparison with E3/E3, as well as increased triglycerides (+25.3 %, p < 0.05) and very low density lipoproteins (+25.33 %, P < 0.05) in comparison with E3/E4 carriers. E3/E3 and E3/E4 carriers demonstrated decrease in total cholesterol (-12.9 %, P < 0.05) and (-11.04 %, P < 0.05), respectively, as well as low density lipoproteins (-15.69 %, P < 0.001) and (-11.48 %, P < 0.05), respectively, as compared to E2/E4. The plasma content of high density lipoproteins was not dependent on ApoE genotype. Conclusions. In patients with essential hypertension, the most common allele is E3 (93.87 %) and the E3/E3 genotype (57.74 %), while the E3/E4 genotype is 25.16 %. Presence of the E2/E4 genotype is significantly associated with the elevated total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins plasma levels, whereas the E4/E4 genotype is accompanied by the increased triglycerides, low density lipoproteins levels and atherogenic index.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
In vitro effect of endotoxin from Shigella sonnei. phase I on human blood platelets and mononuclear leucocytes: comparison of "free endotoxin" with cell-extracted preparations.

The in vitro effect of a purified endotoxin preparation from culture fluids of Shigella sonnei, phase I (purified free endotoxin, PFE) and of three endotoxin preparations chemically extracted from the intact parent cells on human blood mononuclear leucocytes and platelets was investigated. PFE, like cell-extracted preparations, caused generation of strong procoagulant activity (tissue factor) by human mononuclear cells. PFE-stimulated cells, however, developed significantly greater activity than cells stimulated by the other endotoxins. they had about 4-fold more activity. Neither free nor cell-extracted preparations induced aggregation in human citrated or heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or unmasking of platelet factor 3 (PF3). These findings suggest that free endotoxin from Shigella sonnei, phase I resembles endotoxin extracted from cells by conventional procedures in their interaction with human platelets and mononuclear leucocytes. In view of the possible contribution of free endotoxin to endotoxemia in human and experimental gram-negative sepsis, our data that free endotoxin stimulates human mononuclear leucocytes to produce a potent trigger of blood coagulation (tissue factor) may be relevant to the understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the initiation of intravascular coagulation in severe human infections.

Topic: Immune Response and Inflammation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences