jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Behavior and Passage Performance of Northern Pike, Walleyes, and White Suckers in an Experimental Raceway

Abstract The willingness and ability of wild adult northern pike Esox lucius, walleyes Sander vitreus, and white suckers Catostomus commersonii to ascend a 25- or 50-m experimental raceway against various water velocities (35–120 cm/s at 8 cm from the bottom) was measured. The probability that a fish of any given species would enter the raceway from its holding tank was significantly correlated with fork length, water temperature, and tank volume but was not correlated with water velocity. On average, 62.6% of northern pike, 45.0% of walleyes, and 44.2% of white suckers entered volitionally. For those fish that entered, the probability that at least one complete ascent would occur during the exposure period was not dependent on fish length, water temperature, raceway length, duration of the exposure period, time in captivity, or water velocity. On average, 74.4% of northern pike, 76.4% of walleyes, and 77.3% of white suckers that entered the raceway made at least one complete ascent. For northern pike and walleyes, the proportion of successful ascents at the highest water velocity tested (120 cm/s) was significantly lower than the proportions observed at the lower velocities. No significant differences were found among ascent proportions for white suckers. Fish in general may be more inclined to enter a culvert if the pool downstream of the entrance is relatively small. Culverts less than 50 m long should allow these species to pass as long as water velocities near the bottom do not exceed 100 cm/s. Fish passage models based on published data from forced performance trials predicted lower maximum allowable water speeds, which adds to a growing body of work that indicates the unsuitability of these tests for use in setting velocity criteria in culverts and fishways.

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utility of clinical high‐depth next generation sequencing for somatic variant detection in the <i><scp>PIK3CA</scp></i>‐related overgrowth spectrum

Next‐generation sequencing ( NGS ) has revolutionized the approach of studying sequence variation, and has been well described in the clinical laboratory setting for the detection of constitutional alterations, as well as somatic tumor‐associated variants. It is increasingly recognized that post‐zygotic somatic alteration can be associated with congenital phenotypic abnormalities. Variation within the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway, including PIK3CA , has been described in somatic overgrowth syndromes and vascular malformations. Detection of PIK3CA somatic alteration is challenging because of low variant allele frequency ( VAF ) along with the need to assay involved tissue, thus necessitating a highly sensitive methodology. Here we describe the utility of target hybrid capture coupled with NGS for the identification of somatic variation in the PIK3CA ‐related overgrowth spectrum ( PROS ) among 14 patients submitted for clinical testing. Assay detection of low allelic fraction variation is coverage dependent with &gt;90% sensitivity at 400× unique read depth for VAF of 10%, and approaching 100% at 1000×. Average read depth among the patient dataset across PIK3CA coding regions was 788.4. The diagnostic yield among this cohort was 71%, including the detection of two PIK3CA alterations novel in the setting of PROS . This report expands the mutational scope and phenotypic attributes of PROS disorders.

Topic: Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Proximal interruption of the right pulmonary artery: A rare anomaly

We report a case of a 21-year-old woman with cyanosis where computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a complete absence of the mediastinal part of the right pulmonary artery with the normal intrapulmonary vascular network, receiving supply from multiple collateral vessels. The case also highlights the various differential diagnoses and the role of CT angiography in arriving at the correct diagnosis.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
European Workshop On Photocathodes for Particle Accelerator Application 2024 - Summary of Oral Contributions

Samaai, Toufiek, Janson, Liesl, Kelly, Michelle (2012): New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae). Zootaxa 3395: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212619

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SEROLOGICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REOVIRUS INFECTION (1 REPORT)

Antibodies against reovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were detected in dogs, swine, race-horses, and wild rats at certain rates for each serotype of the virus.Judged from the results of our serological examinations in those animals, each species of animal seems to have its own epidemiologic characteristic more or less for each of the three serotypes.There seem to be two groups of mammals according to their epidemiological behavior to the reovirus infection. In one of the groups, the infection is established in a considerably early period from birth, for instance in swine, while in the other group animals become infected in a much more delayed time and a considerable portion of them remain uninfected till a long time after birth, as in the case of dogs, horses, or wild rats.In wild rats, an epidemiological wave was recognized as judged by a sudden appearance of reovirus antibodies in a herd.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Developmental regulation of the multiple myogenic cell lineages of the avian embryo.

The developmental regulation of myoblasts committed to fast, mixed fast/slow, and slow myogenic cell lineages was determined by analyzing myotube formation in high density and clonal cultures of myoblasts isolated from chicken and quail embryos of different ages. To identify cells of different myogenic lineages, myotubes were analyzed for content of fast and slow classes of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies. Myoblasts from the hindlimb bud, forelimb bud, trunk, and pectoral regions of the early chicken embryo and hindlimb bud of the early quail embryo (days 3-6 in ovo) were committed to three distinct lineages with 60-90% of the myoblasts in the fast lineage, 10-40% in the mixed fast/slow lineage, and 0-3% in the slow lineage depending on the age and species of the myoblast donor. In contrast, 99-100% of the myoblasts in the later embryos (days 9-12 in ovo) were in the fast lineage. Serial subculturing from a single myoblast demonstrated that commitment to a particular lineage was stably inherited for over 30 cell doublings. When myoblasts from embryos of the same age were cultured, the percentage of muscle colonies of the fast, fast/slow, and slow types that formed in clonal cultures was the same as the percentage of myotubes of each of these types that formed in high density cultures, indicating that intercellular contact between myoblasts of different lineages did not affect the type of myotube formed. An analysis in vivo showed that three types of primary myotubes--fast, fast/slow, and slow--were also found in the chicken thigh at day 7 in ovo and that synthesis of both the fast and slow classes of MHC isoforms was concomitant with the formation of primary myotubes. On the basis of these results, we propose that in the avian embryo, there is an early phase of muscle fiber formation in which primary myotubes with differing MHC contents are formed from myoblasts committed to three intrinsically different primary myogenic lineages independent of innervation and a later phase in which secondary myotubes are formed from myoblasts in a single, secondary myogenic lineage with maturation and maintenance of fiber diversity dependent on innervation.

Topic: Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reconstruction Algorithm for Cone‐Beam X‐Ray CT Using Inverse Filtering

Abstract This paper proposes a reconstruction method for the 3‐D distributional image of the absorption coefficient of the object. In the method, a cone‐beam X‐ray source and a 2‐D detector array are placed in confronting positions on the opposite sides of the object. By rotating them 360 deg., the projection data are acquired, and then the inverse filtering is applied. This is a reconstruction problem from an incomplete projection data. In this paper, the compound image is constructed by backprojecting the projection image directly along the locus of projection. The inverse filtering is applied to the result to determine the 3‐D distribution image of the absorption coefficient of the object. In the defined geometrical system for the measurement, the inverse filtering cannot essentially be applied since the impulse response is space variant. Consequently, a nonuniform sampling coordinate system is defined to make the impulse response space invariant. The inverse filter function is derived from the Hankel function by utilizing the symmetry of the impulse response in regard to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, to stabilize the inverse filtering, a window function is employed which considers the space‐dependence of the incompleteness of the projection image in the frequency domain. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed reconstruction method is verified by a computer simulation.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Response Analysis of Cathead Transmission Tower Seismic Performance Based on Open SEES

The modal analysis and seismic time history analysis were performed of cathead transmission towers with different tower legs heights by the software Open SEES, the material nonlinearity and geometrical nonlinearity were considered in model. The results show that with the increase of the height of the cathead tower, the fundamental period increases linearly, the tower top maximum displacement and tower bottom main member peak axial force are reducing, the higher tower have better cushioning effect.

Topic: Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Application of irradiated allograft vascular in the liver transplantation].

Irradiated allograft saphenous veins have the quality of ideal vascular transplantation prosthesis and weak antigenicity at the same time. The changes of CD(4)(+), CD(8)(+) T cells after allograft vessels can be detected as immunology index for acute immunological rejection.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antibody glycosylation: an emerging biomarker of disease activity/protection

Beyond their role in neutralization, antibodies mediate a broad array of functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and maintaining immune homeostasis. This range of activities is controlled by two modifications to the constant domain of the antibody; genomic selection of isotype/subclass and post‐translational glycosylation. Mounting evidence suggests that antibody glycosylation changes rapidly and widely in the setting of infectious diseases, acting as a critical biomarker of disease activity. For example, agalactosylation is a marker of active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) and Ebola virus infections. However, other sugars are controlled more tightly, such as fucose levels, which control antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In fact, fucose levels are selectively reduced in the setting of “controlled” HIV and MTb infections, strongly arguing for different mechanisms of control of particular antibody glycan profiles. Moreover, vaccination studies demonstrate that antibody glycosylation can be actively harnessed and directed by distinct adjuvants, likely offering the humoral immune system a means to tune a broad range of antibody bio‐activities. Thus the emerging studies aimed at dissecting and defining the specific antibody glycovariants that emerge in the setting of controlled infectious diseases offers a unique opportunity to not only design more effective monoclonal therapeutics but also to define the mechanism(s) underlying pathogen control and a path to the development of next generation vaccines that may harness the post‐translational tuning of antibody effector function.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Isolation and Ultra-Purification of Oleic Acid Extracted from Olive Oil Using Urea Crystallization

Oleic acid is an omega-9 fatty acid that is found naturally in many vegetable sources and animal products The major component in olive oil is the triglyceride esters of oleic acid. This triglyceride is one of the sources of good cholesterol. Oleic acid USP-NF (United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary) material is a common pharmaceutical excipient that has been widely used in various dosage forms. In this paper we are describing a method for isolation and purification oleic acid in a high purity 99% from fatty acids extracted from olive oil in coastal region of Syria by selectively using urea addition crystallization and cooling crystallization. A gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was used for direct quantitative analysis of oleic acid and related fatty acids in oleic acid USP-NF material.

Topic: Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study on workability and strength of fresh and hardened concrete containing different percentage of chipboard waste

Nowadays people are paying more attention to the sustainability in construction field. So, the engineers are finding the ways to improve the quality of the concrete using recycle or waste product. One of the methods is to mix the chipboard with the concrete. In the research, a waste chipboard is already ayailable at Terang Bersih Landfill is used. The chipboard was replaced with coarse aggregate in the proportion of 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. The laboratory tests include slump test, vebe test, compaction factor tests, compressive strength test and flexural strength test. All test methodology is referring to British Standard (BS). Concrete cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm were casted for compressive strength 
and concrete beams of sizes 150 x 150 x 750 mm were casted for flexural strength test. Concrete with lowest percentage of chipboard replace in concrete has lower 
workability. For compressive strength, concrete with 10% chipboard content provides the highest strength compare to other percentages of chipboard but it still lower than the control set. For flexural strength test, concrete with 30% chipboard content shows the highest strength. The workability and compressive strength were decreased when more percentage of chipboard were added into concrete mix.

Topic: Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alpha decay studies of {sup 189}Bi{sup m}, {sup 190}Po and {sup 180 }Pb using a rapidly rotating recoil catcher wheel system

The {alpha} decays of very neutron deficient nuclei near the Z = 82 closed proton shell are of interest because they provide us with structure information that is relevant with regard to the shell model. We used a rapidly rotating recoil catcher wheel system to study the {alpha} decays of {sup 189}Bi{sup {ital m}}, {sup 190}Po, and {sup 180}Pb. The system works as follows. Recoils from the back of the target, after passing through an Al degrader placed behind the target, are stopped in 300-{mu}g/cm{sup 2} Al catcher foils fixed at the edges of the wheel. These are inclined at an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the beam to maximize the catcher efficiency while keeping the thickness that {alpha} particles must travel in order to emerge of the Al foil to a minimum. This arrangement results in an effective thickness of {approx} 900 {mu}g/cm{sup 2} for recoils, but only 150 {mu}g/cm{sup 2} for the emitted {alpha} particles. Stopped recoils are then rotated between an array of 6 Si detectors in series (solid angle of 8% of 4{pi}). Half-life information can be obtained by determining the difference in counts between the detectors. This instrument has proven to be an effective tool for the study of nuclei far from stability with half-lives in the range of 1-50 ms.

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 123606: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TikTok as Media of Learning English

This article is about using TikTok as media of teaching elementary speaking in pandemic era. There are various strategies to teach speaking during the COVID-19 epidemic, including social media revolutionizing educational contexts. TikTok became a popular source of information for learning and knowing about popular culture and other issues, and even news. true-experimental design was used to examine the experiment and control group. The results of statistic analysis, hypothesis, and the pre-test post-test were included in the data. It shows that both groups was 79.00<108.00 for the experimental group and 84.50<85.00 for the control group, it was concluded that from the post-test of both groups was 85.00<108.00, because after giving the treatment by using TikTok or no, showed the significant difference result between both groups. An independent sample test showed the score of Sig.(2-tailed) was 0.000 lower than 0.05, which means the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, so using TikTok application in teaching speaking can encourage the fluency of students' elementary speaking ability.

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The incremental informativeness of sell-side earnings forecasts. Evidence for the Warsaw Stock Exchange

We investigate whether earnings forecasts issued by sell-side analysts are incrementally informative about the returns of firms listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), a moderately-developed, postcommunist capital market. Our sample covers the fiscal years 2008-2016. The informativeness of earn- ings (and earnings forecasts) is defined as the association between earnings (earnings forecasts) and returns. Our findings indicate that the mean earnings forecasts issued by sell-side analysts are incremen- tally informative about firm returns beyond the earnings reported. This result does not depend on firm size, profitability, or market return. The findings indicate that such forecasts incorporate useful incremen- tal valuation information and that the incremental informativeness of these forecasts serves to protect the interests of analysts’ clients.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Management of the dorsal vein complex during radical retropubic prostatectomy.

An understanding of the prostatic dorsal venous anatomy allows dissection of the prostatic apex in a manner that results in minimal bleeding while preserving the rhabdosphincter, urethra, and neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy. This article reviews the pertinent venous anatomy of the prostatic apex. A surgical technique is described that allows secure venous control and that has resulted in consistently low blood loss and an allogeneic transfusion rate of less than 1% of patients.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Revisiting Néel 60 years on: the magnetic anisotropy of $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (tetrataenite)

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of atomically ordered $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (the meteoritic mineral tetrataenite) is studied within a first-principles electronic structure framework. Two compositions are examined: equiatomic Fe$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$ and an Fe-rich composition, Fe$_{0.56}$Ni$_{0.44}$. It is confirmed that, for the single crystals modelled in this work, the leading-order anisotropy coefficient $K_1$ dominates the higher-order coefficients $K_2$ and $K_3$. To enable comparison with experiment, the effects of both imperfect atomic long-range order and finite temperature are included. While our computational results initially appear to undershoot the measured experimental values for this system, careful scrutiny of the original analysis due to Néel et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 35, 873 (1964)] suggests that our computed value of $K_1$ is, in fact, consistent with experimental values, and that the noted discrepancy has its origins in the nanoscale polycrystalline, multivariant nature of experimental samples, that yields much larger values of $K_2$ and $K_3$ than expected a priori. These results provide fresh insight into the existing discrepancies in the literature regarding the value of tetrataenite's uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in both natural and synthetic samples.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Data Science: Reducing Environmental Complexities

Data Science has been developed as an impressive new scientific field, related disputes and considerations have pursued to address why science in general needs data science. However, few such arguments concern the intrinsic complexities and intelligence in data science. As data science pay attention to efficient understanding of complex data and business related problems. The primary objective of data science is exploration of the complexities. Among these complexities, Environmental complexities are an important factor. By using algorithms, these complexities can be reduced.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences