jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The “stateless” Rohingya in Bangladesh: Crisis management and policy responses

Abstract Since 1978, subjugation, discrimination, and human rights violations have forced the Rohingya to flee Myanmar and seek refuge in Bangladesh. The legalized “statelessness” and marginalized ethnoreligious status of the Rohingya in Myanmar and their violent expulsion eventually determined their status in Bangladesh and the government response. Initially, the Bangladesh government and local communities took a liberal attitude towards the humanitarian crisis, accommodated the refugees in camps along the border region, and offered assistance. However, there are over a million Rohingya in the country now, and its resources limited, to begin with, are under enormous strain. The tensions between the Rohingya and host communities have led the government to oppose the integration and encourage the voluntary repatriation of refugees to Myanmar. This study analyses the shift in Bangladesh government domestic, as well as regional policies such as Look East policy, in managing the Rohingya crisis and proffers policy recommendations at the end.

Topic: Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Software process improvement to assist medical device software development organisations to comply with the amendments to the medical device directive

A recent revision to the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) 2007/47/EC made fourteen&#13;\namendments to the original directive (93/42/EEC). A number of these changes directly affect the development of software for use in healthcare. The most significant change in relation to medical device software development is that standalone software is now seen as an active medical device and should be developed following state of the art medical device software development processes. State of the art medical device software processes is understood within the industry as developing software in accordance with IEC 62304 and standards that are aligned with it. This paper identifies how changes to the MDD affect medical device software development companies and recommendations are made as to how medical device software development companies can conform to the latest regulatory requirements. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of how Medi SPICE is currently being developed to provide organisations with a single point of reference for the practices that should be implemented in order to produce regulatory compliant medical device software.&#13;\n

Topic: Quality and Safety in Healthcare
Subfield: Medical Laboratory Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Dendritic cells genetically engineered to simultaneously express endogenous tumor antigen and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor elicit potent therapeutic antitumor immunity.

Recently, several studies have shown that vaccine therapy using dendritic cells (DCs) genetically engineered to express a surrogate tumor antigen can effectively induce antitumor immunity. In this study, murine bone marrow DCs were adenovirally transduced with murine endogenous tumor antigen gp70 expressed in CT26 cells and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and we examined whether antigen-specific CTL responses and therapeutic immunity could be induced in mice immunized with those genetically modified DCs. The cytotoxic activity against CT26 in mice immunized with gp70-transduced DCs was significantly higher than that in control (P < 0.01) and was enhanced by GM-CSF-cotransduction (P < 0.001). GM-CSF gene transfer into DCs expressing tumor-associated antigen enhances CC chemokine receptor 7 expression on DCs, leading to improved migratory capacity of DCs to draining lymph nodes. Consequently, an effective antitumor immune response would be induced. Vaccination using gp70-transduced DCs provided remarkable therapeutic efficacy in s.c. models. Moreover, it could be sufficiently augmented by GM-CSF-cotransduction of DCs. These results support that vaccination therapy using DCs simultaneously transduced with tumor-associated antigen can elicit potent CTL response, and GM-CSF-cotransduction of DCs could optimize therapeutic response. Further investigation is needed to optimize this vaccine therapy to achieve the obvious benefit in clinical application.

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Prevalence, causes, and chest sonographic findings of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in tertiary care hospital: 10 years’ experience

Abstract Background Bronchiectasis may be associated and/or co-exist with respiratory diseases as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or non-respiratory diseases. However, data about this association and/or co-existence is little. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in the Chest Department in 10 years’ period (2008–2018) and to detect associated and/or co-existent respiratory diseases. In a retrospective cohort study, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis was based on chest HRCT. Data included the total number of hospitalized patients during this period, their final diagnosis, co-existing diagnosis associated with bronchiectasis, and sonographic and spirometric findings. Results The total number of patients admitted in 2008–2018 was 17,531 patients. The prevalence of bronchiectasis during this period was 9.04%. COPD was the commonest suspected cause (54.1%) followed by post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis (17.1%). On admission, 63.7% had acute type 2 respiratory failure, 21.1% had decompensated cor pulmonale, 3.8% required mechanical ventilation (MV), and 1.3% required non-invasive MV. On discharge, 9.9% required long-term oxygen therapy. The presence of B lines in chest ultrasonography was recorded in 68.2% and air bronchogram in 29.1%. Conclusions The prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients was still increasing. COPD with bronchiectasis accounted for more than half of cases. More researches are needed to identify the impact of the COPD-bronchiectasis phenotype. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04101448

Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
&lt;i&gt;Theologia&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;ideologia&lt;/i&gt; of language, nation and gender – Gateway to the future from a deconstructed past

The article is a contribution to the centennial celebration of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria. It forms part of the section in the programme titled ‘Ethos – Critical perspectives on our past and a gateway to our future’ and is dedicated to Yolanda Dreyer who was the first female professor appointed in the Faculty of Theology of the University of Pretoria. The article reflects on aspects of the present-day populist discourse in South Africa and globally, which is enhanced by neonationalistic separatism. The following issues are critically discussed: homophobia regarding sexual minorities, a lack of sensitivity for the negative effects of male domination and the objection to English as the lingua franca for teaching. These aspects are assessed against the background of the Derridean notion of ‘deconstruction’ and the contributions of the first professors employed in the Faculty of Theology since its inception in 2017.

Topic: South African History and Culture
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Microstructure and Property of a PSZ/W Composite

The PSZ/W composite has been sintered at a lower temperature by adding a small amount of Ni. Its microstructure was studied by XRD and optical microscopy. It is found that dense PSZ/W composite with a relative density larger than 95% can be obtained by sintering at 1 400 ℃ for 3 h. The structure of the composite changes regularly as the W content in creases. The results obtained from bending strength and hardness testing both show that they are strongly dependent on the structure and density.

Topic: Advanced materials and composites
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Solution structure of the Cys74 to Ala74 mutant of the recombinant catalytic domain of Zoocin A

ABSTRACT Zoocin A is a Zn‐metallopeptidase secreted by Streptococcus zooepidemicus strain 4881. Its catalytic domain is responsible for cleaving the D‐alanyl‐L‐alanine peptide bond in streptococcal peptidoglycan. The solution NMR structure of the Cys74 to Ala74 mutant of the recombinant catalytic domain (rCAT C74A) has been determined. With a previous structure determination for the recombinant target recognition domain (rTRD), this completes the 3D structure of zoocin A. While the structure of rCAT C74A resembles those of the catalytic domains of lysostaphin and LytM, the substrate binding groove is wider and no tyrosine residue was observed in the active site. Proteins 2016; 85:177–181. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A 3D digitzation system for conventional radiation therapy

While the majority of patients receiving external beam radiation therapy treatment are planned by CT simulation, a significant number of them are still planned using conventional simulators for various reasons.The information-collection process in a conventional simulation is often fragmented and done with primitive tools.For example, in many institutions body contours are still acquired using solder wires and tracing paper, a time-consuming and error-prone procedure.We have developed a 3D digitization system to assist the information-acquisition process at conventional simulations.The system consists of an infrared camera assembly, a wireless digitizer probe, and Windows-based software.The system can provide 3D coordinates of any points in space accessible by the probe with submillimeter accuracy.It can be used to capture body contours, to record the coordinates of portal points, and to take various measurements for dose calculations as well as for patient setup.The software can display all the captured data together with the planned treatment fields, providing a comprehensive geometric verification of the treatment configuration.The system can also transfer all the information to doseplanning programs in DICOM-RT format, providing an integrated information flow from simulation to dose planning.

Topic: Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent Developments in Social Policy in the New European Union

This paper assesses the recent progress and future direction of labor policy in the European Community, now the European Union. The authors show that most of the mandates foreshadowed under the December 1989 Community Social Charter have now been enacted into law. They analyze the possible costs, as well as the benefits, of these firstphase mandates and show the link between these adjustment costs and the Community's policy of providing subsidies to its poorer member states. They also demonstrate how the new Treaty on European Union, agreed to at Maastricht in December 1991, has increased the scope for Community-level labor market regulation.

Topic: Social Policy and Reform Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplemental Figure 2 from Effect of Metformin, Rapamycin, and Their Combination on Growth and Progression of Prostate Tumors in HiMyc Mice

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. Effect of MET, RAPA or MET + RAPA on autophagy, cell cycle and apoptosis markers in mouse PCa cells.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Treating Hyperlipidemia in the Elderly

Background: Determination of the effects of dietary modification and hyperlipidemic medications in the elderly (&gt; sixty-five years of age) patient has not been significantly investigated to date despite knowledge that elevated cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Twenty-seven individuals were placed into one of three treatment groups and longitudinally followed up to examine the effects of diet and hyperlipidemic medications on TC and TG levels. Group 1 (n = 14) received neither dietary nor drug therapy. Group 2 (n = 9) received dietary counseling without concomitant hyperlipidemic medications. Subjects in group 3 (n = 4) underwent dietary instruction for six months and hyperlipi demic medication(s) for eighteen months. Results: Subjects in group 1 demonstrated a statistical increase in TC (P ≤ 0.001) during the study. Patients in groups 2 (P ≤ 0.001) and 3 (P ≤ 0.05) demonstrated statistical improvement in TC reduction during dietary counseling. The effect on TC was blunted in group 3 after dietary counseling was discontinued. Reductions in TG levels were signifi cant (P ≤ 0.001) only for patients in group 2. Conclusion: Elderly individuals were able to significantly reduce both TC and TG levels by dietary modification alone. Minimal improvement was seen with the addition of hyper lipidemic medications.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A novel methoxy-directed ketal hydrolysis and its application to a convergent, regiospecific synthesis of (.+-.)-daunomycinone

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel methoxy-directed ketal hydrolysis and its application to a convergent, regiospecific synthesis of (.+-.)-daunomycinoneMark G. Dolson, Bertrand L. Chenard, and John S. SwentonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 5263–5264Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00407a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bioinformatics Curriculum: A Comparative Analysis in Pakistani Perspective

Bioinformatics has been a hot topic in Pakistan to be a separate and vital field of study.There has been a sudden increase in the Bioinformatics courses for both undergraduate and graduate degrees.The courses selected in this study four years bachelor degree and two year master degree of full-time study, each of these courses dissecting into six categories as: Bioinformatics, Biological Science, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science and Elective subjects, to determine where the differences lie.This study reviews state-of-the-art Bioinformatics education in Pakistan, compares it with global standards and initiatives and proposes a set of recommendations to be integrated in the national educational framework of curriculum and policy making.

Topic: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Preserving the Early Born-Digital Heritage of Floppy Disk Magazines

Floppy Disk Magazines were periodicals of the 1980s and 1990s which were published worldwide on many computer systems, but now almost forgotten as cultural object. A new project intends to make this early born-digital heritage accessible again by a catalog and exemplary editions.

Topic: Digital Games and Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Changes of BB Isoenzyme of Creatine Kinase,CaATPase and Calpain in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

Aim:To investigate the changes of BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-BB),CaATPase and calpain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) mouse brain and spinal cord. Methods:C57BL/6 mice were induced into the models of EAE with multiple sclerosis by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) peptides. Behavioral changes of the EAE mice were observed and recorded. With HE staining,LFB myelin staining,the changes of the central nervous tissues,CK-BB,CaATPase and calpain activity were assayed in the peak incidence by using microplate reader and spectrophotometer (19 days after immunization). Results:Compared with the control group,the results of the EAE group were as follows:①Mean daily clinical scores and cumulative scores were increased(P0.01). ②HE staining:Central inflammatory cell infiltration became obvious(P0.05). ③LFB stain:Myelinoclasis became obvious. ④Enzyme activity:The activities of CK-BB and CaATPase decreased while calpain activity was increased(P0.05). ⑤Cumulative average daily scores of each EAE mouse had negative correlation with the activities of CK-BB and CaATPase(P0.05). ⑥ Cumulative average daily scores of each EAE mouse had positive correlation with the calpain activity(P0.05). Conclusion:The decrease of acitivities of central CK-BB and CaATPase and the activity increase of calpain in the peak were the consequences of EAE occurrence,suggesting EAE occurrence involves the central energy metabolism and CaATPase,calpain pathological damage.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Femoral lengthening by callus distraction and cortical apposition (Z-osteotomy).

Nine patients underwent femoral lengthening by callus distraction with cortical apposition (Z-osteotomy). The average amount of lengthening was 4.8 cm (range, 2.9-6.0 cm). The average time of external fixator use was 70 days (range, 33-100 days). The average time for using the cast brace was 3.5 months. All patients had complete union. No patient required bone grafting. No patient had premature consolidation of the osteotomy. Complications included cellulitis around the pins in 2 patients, transient peroneal nerve palsy in 1 patient, and fracture after removal of external fixator in 2 patients. In this procedure the alignment and rotation is controlled by a strong external fixating device. The large area of cortical contact after z-osteotomy assists in rapid union of the distracted bone.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Safety Management of Complex Facilities

The safe community is now at time of globalisation very dependent on a safety level of complex facilities ensuring the territory by basic service necessary for human live, e.g. the electric energy on which there are dependent supplies of good quality drinking water, utility water, information distribution etc. Series of events from recent years connected with complex facilities failures showed their high importance.The complex facility represents multistage mutually overlapping systems, the type of which is a system of systems.The paper presents the model for complex facilities safety management based on the combination of principles: All-Hazard-Approach and Defence-In-Depth.It shows the way how to manage the safety of individual complex facility systems and the whole complex facility in time.

Topic: Human Behavior and Motivation
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[The effect of physical exercise on lung diffusing capacity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

Diffusing lung capacity (DLCO) was determined at various levels of exercise in three groups of subjects: group with normal spirometry, patients with moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subjects were males with similar anthropometric characteristics and age. Positive correlation between progressive exercise and DLCO was obtained only for the first and second group. Resting and exercise DLCO values were statistically different between the groups. COPD attenuated DLCO at all levels of exercise. However, patients with moderate COPD had DLCO in the normal range, while severe COPD patients had reduction in DLCO during rest and exercise. This test is useful in assessing the working capacity in COPD patients and also as a screening test for exercise-induced hypoxemia.

Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Digital Transformation in Higher Education—Buzzword or Opportunity?

We argue that, starting from a sophisticated understanding of "digital," we should develop a corresponding notion of "education" suitable to meet the challenges of the ongoing digital transformation. The central task for higher education institutions is to model the complex networks of digital skills (critical thinking, media literacy, cross-cultural competence, etc.) as a foundation for creating contextualized learning scenarios in the disciplines. The crucial success factor is the reunification of the classroom with the real world.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Challenges
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phosphorous removal from aqueous solutions by agricultural by-products: A critical review

Phosphorous plays an essential role in the development of living organisms. Nevertheless, phosphorous pollution, known as the eutrophication, is regarded as one of main causes of water quality deterioration. Hence, the decontamination of phosphorous from aqueous solutions is of importance for eutrophication control and phosphorous recovery. This review paper investigates the potential use of agricultural by-products (ABPs) as biosorbents in remediation of phosphorous contaminated waters. It was found that the modified ABPs exhibit equivalent or higher sorption capacity of phosphorous compared to conventional adsorbents. The efficient removal of phosphorous by ABPs requires some chemical modifications. The application of ABPs is highly recommended because of their significant advantages, including the abundant availability, low cost, high efficiency and without detrimental impacts on the environment. As adsorptive removal of phosphorous by ABPs is a relatively new process, there are still many aspects for future research, such as development of novel and cost-effective modification techniques, modeling for process optimization, desorption, cost-benefit analysis etc. The improvements in these aspects are expected to make it the method of choice in the future.

Topic: Phosphorus and nutrient management
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences