jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potensi Kulit Batang Cinnamomum burmannii Bl. dalam Mencegah Infertilitas; Kajian Terhadap Berat Testis dan Jumlah Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus) Model Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-1

In individuals with diabetes mellitus, the increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can damage the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the loss of potential mitochondrial membrane function in inducing apoptosis of sperm cells. Cinnamomum burmannii is a type of spice that contains antioxidants, thus capable of neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids also have an effect on increasing spermatogenesis. The aim of this research is to examine the role of methanol extract from Cinnamomum burmannii bark in increasing testis weight and spermatozoa count in type-1 diabetes mellitus mice (Mus musculus). The study employs a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. Twenty mice are divided into groups: K- (control), K+ mice injected with STZ without medication), P1 (dose of 200 mg/kg BW), P2 (dose of 400 mg/kg BW), and P3 (dose of 800 mg/kg BW). Before administering the Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract, blood sugar levels are measured in the K+, P1, P2, and P3 groups. If blood sugar levels have increased (&gt;128 mg/dL), the P1, P2, and P3 groups are given the Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract according to the predetermined dosage. The treatment is carried out for 14 days. On the last day, surgery is performed to extract the testes and observe the spermatozoa count. The observation data on testis weight and spermatozoa count will be analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS 24.0. The results indicate that the administration of methanol extract from Cinnamomum burmannii bark significantly affects the increase in testis weight and spermatozoa count in type-1 diabetes mellitus mice. The increase in testis weight and spermatozoa count is proportional to the dosage given

Topic: Medicinal Plant Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Determining Land Values Using Ordinary Least Squares Regression

Agricultural land values have increased by an average of 21 percent each year since 2010 until recently when commodity prices dropped substantially. The accompanying decrease in profitability raises concerns that current land prices are not sustainable. This study presents a regression analysis of land prices in Kansas using data from 2012 through June 2014. Regression allows valuation of individual characteristics of land parcels as well as time adjustments. Prices projected by the model trended upward through 2013, but decreased between the last quarter of 2013 and the first quarter of 2014, suggesting that prices for land may have peaked in 2013.

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically ill adults

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes (mortality, infectious or non infectious complications, length of ICU and hospital stay) of critically ill adult patients receiving a prescribed hypocaloric enteral or parenteral NS compared with standard NS or hydration without NS. The secondary objective is to assess metabolic outcomes (carbohydrate, lipid or protein metabolic complications) of hypocaloric NS in critically ill adult patients.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Inhibition of corrosion of copper by polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine in sulfuric acid medium

The use of polymers as corrosion inhibitors has attracted considerable attention due to their low prices, inherent stability, availability and cost effectiveness. Corrosion inhibition by such compounds is usually attributed to their adsorption at the metal-solution interface. In this study, the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine on the corrosion behavior of copper in sulfuric acid solution was investigated using the weight loss method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of inhibitor concentration, solution temperature and immersion time on the corrosion of copper was investigated. The effect of temperature on the inhibition mechanism of inhibitor on copper surface was studied at different temperatures (293-323 K), and the inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with increasing temperatures. The maximum IE of 90.22% was obtained at a temperature of 50 °C, a concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine inhibitor of 150 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and a H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> acid concentration of 0.5 M. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion of copper and the adsorption of the inhibitor were determined and discussed. The most remarkable inhibition efficiency was confirmed by the presence of the film formed on the metal surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Topic: Material Properties and Applications
Subfield: General Materials Science
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Supplementary material to "Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Two-Dimensional Proton NMR Spectroscopy at Low Magnetic Fields"

SpectrometerThe ODNP spectrometer used for experiments is shown in Figure S1.Key components of the spectrometer are numbered in the figure : (1) Bridge12 microwave power source (MPS) (2) Kea spectrometer (3) RF amplifier (4) shim and B0 power supplies 10(5) incubator (6) SABR magnet (7) ODNP resonator (8) remote tuning box.The compact system occupies a 24" x 40" x 32" space.Further reduction in space can be achieved by reducing the size of the shim power supplies.Figure S1: ODNP Spectrometer used for measurements.Refer to text for numbered components.

Topic: Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Topology Effect on Order–Disorder Transition of High-χ Block Copolymers

This work aims to systematically examine the topology effect on the self-assembly of block copolymers. Compositionally, symmetric polystyrene-<i>block</i>-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymers (BCPs) with different chain topologies (diblock, three-arm star-block, and four-arm star-block) and various molecular weights are synthesized. These purposely designed block copolymers are used as a model system to investigate the topology effect on order-to-disorder transition temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>ODT</sub>) by temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. An increase of the <i>T</i> <sub>ODT</sub> is observed when the arm number of BCPs with equivalent arm length (i.e., molecular weight) is increased from one to four. Based on the random-phase approximation (RPA), Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) is determined from the regression of the measured <i>T</i> <sub>ODT</sub>. The observation by differential scanning calorimetry also demonstrates the shifting of the endothermic peak from the order-to-disorder transition of star-blocks to the higher temperature region, consistent with the scattering experiments and the RPA prediction.

Topic: Block Copolymer Self-Assembly
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Epistemic Injustice in Healthcare : the potential for Hermeneutical Injustice within South Africa's Primary Healthcare System

This dissertation demonstrates that philosophical analysis has real-world applications. Although written in the field of political epistemology, the dissertation engages with knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) in artificial intelligence (AI) in so far as it focuses on identifying and eliminating obstacles in knowledge acquisition, representation, and communication.&#13;\nThe dissertation focuses specifically on the concept of epistemic injustice. The concept, as coined by Miranda Fricker, refers to a kind of injustice that causes a knower to be undermined in their capacity to give, receive, or understand knowledge. Epistemic injustice is critically discussed in the dissertation and also expanded upon, seeing as Fricker does not address all forms of epistemic injustice in all contexts within which this kind of injustice may arise.&#13;\nI analyse the concept of epistemic injustice within the specific context of structural inequalities in healthcare in South Africa. To do this, I identify and analyse conceptions of epistemic injustice that can be applied in this context, in the forms of hermeneutic, contributory and documental injustice. I then consider the recent Life Esidimeni tragedy in South African mental healthcare in the context of these kinds of injustice. Lastly, I present an analysis of virtue epistemology, and construct a virtue of epistemic justice that is richer than Fricker’s, as a measure to combat epistemic injustice in the context of healthcare in South Africa.

Topic: Social Science and Policy Research
Subfield: General Social Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Politics as Usual? When and Why Traditional Actors Often Dominate YouTube Campaigning

This research explores the extent to which YouTube helps democratize campaigns by allowing nontraditional political actors to be heard. We examine political advertisements posted on YouTube in races for the U.S. Senate in 2010. We find that ads posted by citizens and quasi-political organizations are viewed just as often as ads sponsored by some traditional electoral actors, such as parties and interest groups, but that ads sponsored by candidates are most likely to be viewed. However, news media coverage of ads posted online by nontraditional actors is dwarfed by coverage of traditional television advertisements.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Human Rights in Law’s Empire: The Jurisprudence War

Our intramural, often scholarly, but not always polite, debates about the legitimacy of invasions directed against more-or-less brutal authoritarian governments demonstrate how one’s preferred conception of the nature of law can affect one’s conclusions about its contents. The celebrants of what I will call the classical view display the following characteristics: while recognizing that states can establish and alter norms through both explicit agreements normally expressed in written texts and implicit agreements manifested in practice, they tend in their epistemology toward a rather strict separation of these two processes; when attempting to identify norms arising from explicit agreements, they presume that the parties had an original intention which can be discovered primarily through textual analysis and which, in the absence of some unforeseen change in circumstances, must be respected until the agreement has expired according to its terms or been replaced by mutual consent; when attempting to identify norms arising from implicit agreement, they rely primarily on relatively formal manifestations of consent, deemphasize the relative power of states, and imply a high threshold below which alleged norms are entirely without legal character.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Passive Sampling and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Profiling of French Coastal Areas with a Focus on Marine Biotoxins

Passive samplers (solid phase adsorption toxin tracking: SPATT) are able to accumulate biotoxins produced by microalgae directly from seawater, thus providing useful information for monitoring of the marine environment. SPATTs containing 0.3, 3, and 10 g of resin were deployed at four different coastal areas in France and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Quantitative targeted screening provided insights into toxin profiles and showed that toxin concentrations and profiles in SPATTs were dependent on the amount of resin used. Between the three amounts of resin tested, SPATTs containing 3 g of resin appeared to be the best compromise, which is consistent with the use of 3 g of resin in SPATTs by previous studies. MassHunter and Mass Profiler Professional softwares were used for data reprocessing and statistical analyses. A differential profiling approach was developed to investigate and compare the overall chemical diversity of dissolved substances in different coastal water bodies. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for spatial differentiation between areas. Similarly, SPATTs retrieved from the same location at early, medium, and late deployment periods were also differentiated by PCA, reflecting seasonal variations in chemical profiles and in the microalgal community. This study used an untargeted metabolomic approach for spatial and temporal differentiation of marine environmental chemical profiles using SPATTs, and we propose this approach as a step forward in the discovery of chemical markers of short- or long-term changes in the microbial community structure.

Topic: Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 195235: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Metacognitions about Self-Critical Rumination Questionnaire

Background: Self-criticism refers to a series of persistent and negative self-judgements, often involuntary, that an individual makes about themselves.Recent research has explored the possibility that self-criticism can lead to a more perseverative style of thinking called selfcritical rumination.There is evidence that self-critical rumination may be a separate construct from other forms of rumination, such as depressive rumination and post-event processing.Research has indicated that metacognitions, beliefs that individuals have about their internal experiences and how to control them, may play a role in self-critical rumination.The aim of our work was to develop a measure to assess metacognitions related to self-critical rumination.Method: In Study 1, a community sample of 178 participants completed the newly developed Metacognitions about Self-Critical Rumination Questionnaire (MSCRQ) and results were subjected to a Principal Components Analysis.In Study 2, a community sample of 247 participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the MSCRQ.A Confirmatory Factors Analysis was performed on the MSCRQ and validity was ascertained by correlating with other measures.Results: In Study 1, a 15-item two-factor structure was identified.A 10-item two-factor structure was confirmed in Study 2. Results also indicated that the MSCRQ has acceptable levels of reliability, and good concurrent and incremental validity.Conclusions: The MSCRQ appears to be a reliable and valid measure of metacognitions about self-critical rumination whilst the MCQ-30 is a better predictor of general emotional distress.

Topic: Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Impacts of Garlic Mustard Invasion on a Forest Understory Community

Abstract To assess the community-level responses of a New England forest to invasion by the Eurasian biennial Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), we conducted a vegetation census at twenty-four plots ranging from low to high invasive cover, and experimentally removed 0, 50, or 100% of garlic mustard from adjacent highly invaded plots at the same study site. Species richness did not respond to natural or experimental levels of invasion, but the Shannon diversity and equitability indices declined with increasing in situ densities of garlic mustard, and increased in response to removal of garlic mustard at the experimental plots. Individual species demonstrated variable responses to high-, intermediate-, and low-level invasion. Of all plant functional groups, tree seedlings declined most notably with increasing in situ levels of invasion. This functional group, and seedlings of three key canopy tree species within the group, increased in response to partial, but not full eradication of garlic mustard. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of full or partial removal depends on management priorities for promoting overall diversity, species richness, native species composition, and/or individual species performance within native communities.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Growth of Chicks and Turkey Poults Fed Western Barley and Corn Grain-based Rations: Effect of Autoclaving on Supplemental Enzyme Requirement and Asymmetry of Antibiotic Response Between Grains

GROWTH depressions of turkey poults (0–4 weeks) fed Western barley were overcome by the inclusion of the antibiotic, oleandomycin, and/or a &lt;it&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/it&gt; enzyme supplement in the diet (Moran and McGinnis, 1965). Western barley in diets for the developing turkey (8–20 weeks) did not cause a growth depression; oleandomysin and/or enzyme dietary additions were without effect (Moran and McGinnis, 1966). These investigators offered an explanation of the growth depression in terms of an altered gastro-intestinal microflora during the early stages of growth (0–3 weeks). If an alteration of the intestinal microflora is the reason for the growth depression caused by feeding barley rations, then one might expect differences in response to at least some antibiotics when compared with a more “favorable” grain, e. g. corn. Studies were initiated to compare the response of both chicks and poults fed corn and Western barley grain-based rations supplemented with various antibiotics and bacteriostats. . . .

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
191 Atheroprone Flow Alters ATP-Induced Calcium Signalling in the Endothelium

<h3>Introduction</h3> The development of the atherosclerotic plaque occurs at distinct points in the vasculature, with areas such as bends and branch points susceptible to plaque formation. The endothelium at these sites is influenced by a disturbed blood flow with low wall shear stress. Numerous studies have shown that stimulation of endothelial cells with this flow pattern induces several inflammatory signalling pathways, but the mechanisms in which this flow pattern is sensed remain unclear. ATP is released extracellularly from endothelial cells in response to shear stress. The endothelium expresses the ATP-gated cation channels P2X4 and P2X7, which have been previously shown to respond to shear stress induced ATP release. Their expression is also increased in the endothelium following inflammatory stimulation. Therefore, we hypothesise that P2X receptors are involved in sensing atheroprone flow and inducing inflammatory signalling, thereby promoting development of atherosclerosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were cultured under flow for 72 h using an ibidi flow pump system. Atheroprotective flow was applied using +13 dyn/cm<sup>2</sup> and ± 4 dyn/cm<sup>2</sup> (0.5hz) was used for atheroprone flow. After flow conditioning, HUVECs were then loaded with a fluorescent calcium dye (CAL-520) and their response to 300Î¼M BzATP was measured. <h3>Results</h3> Endothelial cells preconditioned with atheroprone flow showed an enhanced calcium response after BzATP stimulation. This enhancement was dependent on extracellular calcium as no increase was detected when performed in calcium free extracellular buffer. The expression level of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors was significantly enhanced in HUVECs preconditioned with atheroprone flow compared to atheroprotective. Moreover the expression of the cell surface ATPase CD39, which breaks down extracellular ATP, was increased under atheroprotective flow. Chemical inhibition of CD39 with ARL-67156 also significantly enhanced the calcium response to BzATP in cells under atheroprotective, but not atheroprone flow. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified an enhanced ATP induced calcium response and expression of the ATP-gated P2X4/7 receptors in HUVEC under atheroprone flow conditions. We observed enhanced expression of the cell surface ATPase CD39 in endothelial cells under atheroprotective flow suggesting that extracellular ATP is more rapidly hydrolysed to adenosine under such conditions. We therefore propose that shear stress induced ATP plays a role in specifically activating cells under atheroprone flow and induces inflammatory signalling pathways, underlying atherogenesis susceptibility in vulnerable regions of the vasculature.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Management of pressure sores

During a five-month period, a study was performed on medical and surgical floors of 36 beds each to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured multidisciplinary approach to prevention and treatment of pressure sores. Each pressure sore was evaluated by site and degree of severity. Follow-up was made three months later. The results indicate general improvement in patients on both floors, independent of site and severity of sores. During the study, the incidence of pressure sores per week decreased from 12% (surgical) and 29% (medical) to 0%, and the prevalence decreased from 69% (surgical) and 51% (medical) to 0%. On follow-up, prevalence remained low, at 16% (surgical) and 8% (medical). Interestingly, the more severe pressure sores were absent. An understanding of the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in production and evolution of pressure sores is essential. Control of these factors is the basis of effective prevention and treatment.

Topic: Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management
Subfield: Occupational Therapy
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Stress wave generation by radiation absorption

Models of stress wave generation by radiation absorption as well as materials data that the authors have accumulated in their work on radiation effects are presented. The emphasis is on a tutorial presentation of these models with a focus on techniques that can be used for hand analysis. The intent is to give the reader a ''physical feel'' for stress wave generation and propagation. All analyses are done in 1 spatial dimension. These models are useful to those working in radiation effects who need to perform an occasional thermomechanical stress calculation but have neither the time nor inclination to learn how to use the rather sophisticated hydrocodes.

Topic: High-pressure geophysics and materials
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences