jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcomes research in head and neck oncology

The goals of outcomes research are the determination of treatment effectiveness and the use of that information as an aid in clinical decision making. Methods used in outcomes research include observational studies, secondary data analysis, structured literature review, and meta-analysis. In head and neck oncology, outcome measures have expanded to include quality of life and cost-effectiveness in addition to more traditional outcomes, such as survival and recurrence. A standard, and more inclusive, set of tumor- and patient-based variables has been proposed. With a better framework for the clinical study of head and neck cancer, outcomes research has the potential to identify the subgroups of patients who will benefit from treatment.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobenzofuran neolignans in somatic embryos of Ocotea catharinensis

Somatic embryos of Ocotea catharinensis were used as a model to investigate the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobenzofuran neolignan formation by means of feeding 13C-labelled precursors followed by analysis using MS and 13C NMR. Isotopomers of L-[13C]-phenylalanine administered to embryos were incorporated into tetrahydrobenzofuran neolignans and the analysis of 13C NMR clearly revealed the enriched position of precursors. While feeding a series of putative intermediate including [8�13C]-ferulic acid, [8�13C]-glycoferulic acid, and [8�13C]-coniferyl alcohol were not successful in incorporation to the neolignans, the [8�13C]-coniferyl acetate was detected as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neolignan 5�-methoxy-porosin. In the bioconversion assay using the protein fraction from the embryogenic cultures, only the substrate coniferyl acetate was converted into isoeugenol, which together with eugenol, is one of the putative precursors of neolignan formation. These findings support that the tetrahydrobenzofuran neolignans are derived from the oxidative coupling between units of E- isoeugenol and 5�-methoxy-eugenol leading to a regio- and stereospecific products.

Topic: Plant-derived Lignans Synthesis and Bioactivity
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 227786: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Children and COVID-19 Vaccine: A Public Health Ethics Perspective

As COVID-19 cases were in rise all over the world and the World Health Organization declared a pandemic, there was an increasing focus on availability of new vaccines and drugs against the virus. Meanwhile, we already have several vaccines in COVID-19 vaccination programmes across the globe. During the process of development and clinical trials of the vaccines, several questions were popped up by multiple stakeholders about child vaccination against COVID-19. Most of the queries focused on safety of COVID-19 vaccines, the clinical trial process, priority criteria of getting a vaccine, why and why not children be included in the vaccination programme. In adult population of the country, COVID-19 vaccination programme is being carried out in an unequalled state; the focus is now on paeditric population, as some countries have already started to vaccinate children. At the time of writing this paper when Government of Bangladesh has not yet decided to vaccinate children in the country but initiatives has been taken by health department for above 12 years children vaccination. However, this paper aims to discuss potential ethical dilemmas related to COVID-19 vaccination in children especially in low-resource settings and dig into effective strategies to implement COVID-19 vaccination programme properly in the field of public health.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 50(3): 44-48

Topic: Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sean O’Casey as Wordsmith

In many ways Sean O’Casey’s six volumes of autobiography, collected under the cumulative title Mirror in My House in America and succinctly as Autobiographies in Britain, are far from conventional essays in the memoirs genre. Consistently presented in the third person, with a central figure that modulates from Johnny Casside to Sean Casside (and an occasional O’Casside), they are quasi-narrative in guise for most of the first three or four volumes, but increasingly more expository and discursive thereafter, developing into platforms for literary criticism and general commentary. Since autobiography has historically proven itself to be as varied in style and individual in the handling of language as the novel, it should not be surprising that O’Casey’s techniques prove to be somewhat unusual and highly personal, yet they have met with some odd pockets of resistance. Perhaps the tendency toward greater vernacular style and rather direct approach marks the twentieth-century product of personal relevations, and O’Casey’s may suggest a previous century to some. Or it may merely have been the shock of hearing a dramatist’s personal voice, for although he had published some critical essays prior to the first book of autobiography, O’Casey was best known for the voices of his dramatic personae.

Topic: Irish and British Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Indexing of Fictional Video Content for Event Detection and Summarisation

This paper presents an approach to movie video indexing that utilises audiovisual analysis to detect important and meaningful temporal video segments, that we term events. We consider three event classes, corresponding to dialogues, action sequences, and montages, where the latter also includes musical sequences. These three event classes are intuitive for a viewer to understand and recognise whilst accounting for over 90% of the content of most movies. To detect events we leverage traditional filmmaking principles and map these to a set of computable low-level audiovisual features. Finite state machines (FSMs) are used to detect when temporal sequences of specific features occur. A set of heuristics, again inspired by filmmaking conventions, are then applied to the output of multiple FSMs to detect the required events. A movie search system, named MovieBrowser, built upon this approach is also described. The overall approach is evaluated against a ground truth of over twenty-three hours of movie content drawn from various genres and consistently obtains high precision and recall for all event classes. A user experiment designed to evaluate the usefulness of an event-based structure for both searching and browsing movie archives is also described and the results indicate the usefulness of the proposed approach.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Interpretation of Beta-Disintegration Data

FERMI'S original theory of β-decay1 made a definite prediction as to the energy distribution of the electrons emitted from a β-active element. It was found2 that the experimental distribution curves did not agree in shape with this prediction in the sense that the number of electrons of low energy (relative to the upper limit of the spectrum) was considerably greater in the experimental than in the theoretical curves. A modified theory was then proposed by Konopinski and Uhlenbeck (K.U.)3 which introduced in the distribution curve another factor proportional to the square of the momentum of the emitted neutrino. This theory appeared to agree with the facts.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Neutrino-Factory Muon Storage Ring to Provide Beams for Multiple Detectors Around the World

We briefly discuss the physics motivation for a neutrino factory with varying baseline distances of about 1000 to 9000 km. We describe the amount of non planarity of the storage ring required to service three or four detectors at once. A novel bowtie storage ring is described that could in part provide these beams; a preliminary lattice design is given. We give the space angles between the various detector locations and possible sites for neutrino factories. Finally we describe detectors at the Gran Sasso Laboratory and at a new laboratory near Carlsbad, NM to observe the neutrino interactions with wrong sign leptons.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Methodological Problems in Empirical Logic (1989)

What I plan to do in this chapter is to elaborate a definition of empirical logic, and then to discuss a number of resulting methodological problems. These involve questions about the relationship among empirical logic so conceived and other orientations in logic, other approaches to the study of reasoning, and different conceptions of the empirical approach. One of the most fundamental of these problems is that of the relationship between empirical logic and the experimental psychology of reasoning, and so I shall focus on that, though not limit myself to it. To be more exact, I should speak of their lack of relationship, for it turns out that the laboratory experiments performed by cognitive psychologists are not really tests of reasoning; consequently, the experimental method will emerge as being of dubious value in empirical logic. If such a logic is to be feasible, it must follow some other approach. The one I find most fruitful is the historical-observational approach.

Topic: Philosophy and History of Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Cardiovascular pharmacology of sinomenine: the mechanical and electropharmacological actions.

Sinomenine is one of the alkaloids extracted from Chinese medical plant, Sinomenium acutum Rehder et Wilson. Sinomenine has been used for Rheumatoid arthritis as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulative drugs. We have so far been investigated the cardiovascular pharmacological actions of sinomenine. Sinomenine dilated NE (5 μM)-, KCl (60 mM)- and PDB (300 nM)-induced vasoconstrictions. The pretreatment with nicardipine (0.1 μM), staurosporine (30 nM), L-NMMA (100 μM), indomethacin (10 μM) or propranolol significantly attenuated the sinomenine-induced vasorelaxation. Therefore, these results indicate that sinomenine causes the vasorelaxation by the involvement with the inhibitions of Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) and PK-C, β-adrenoceptor stimulation, and the activation of NO and PGI(2) syntheses in endothelium. On the other hand, in the ventricular cardiomyocytes of guinea pig, sinomenine inhibits I(Ca) and simultaneously decreases the delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K)), resulting in the prolongation of action potential duration. Sinomenine also suppresses the dysrhysmias induced by triggered activities under the Ca(2+) overload condition. Therefore, sinomenine may be expected as one of effective therapeutic drugs for heart failure and dysrhythmias, and may maintain the cardiovascular functions due to modulation of cardiac ionic channels and blood vessels.

Topic: Berberine and alkaloids research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Chronic Constriction Injury on Cellular Systems Within Nociceptive Pathways in the Mouse

Chronic neuropathic pain is often difficult to treat due to its resistance to therapeutic intervention. This is due in part to the poor understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuropathic pain states. The neuropathic pain model, chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, produced robust pain hypersensitivity in our mice. It also induced significant changes in the mitogen activated protein kinase family, and the cannabinoid and µ-opioid systems in three different brain areas involved in the modulation or regulation of pain states. CCI induced a 2.5 fold increase in mRNA of the kinase Raf-1 in the PAG of mice. Raf-1 is part of the ERK cascade in the MAP kinase family of proteins. The MAPK family of proteins has previously been shown to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain via central sensitization and the PAG is a critical regulator of nociceptive input and is part of the descending pain pathway, which has also been shown to have a role in central sensitization. CCI also resulted in significant decreases in the µ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO stimulated [35S] GTPγS binding in the medial thalamus, and the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55, 212-2 stimulated [35S] GTPγS binding in the anterior cingulate cortex. These effects were not due to an overall decrease in µ-opioid receptor or cannabinoid receptor 1 binding, suggesting that the chronic pain-like condition resulted in a desensitization of these receptors. Both the medial thalamus and the anterior cingulate cortex are brain areas involved in the medial pain pathway which, along with the limbic system, have been shown to be involved in the affective component of pain processing. These data are the first to demonstrate changes in these three cellular systems in the respective brain areas of the mouse in response to chronic neuropathic pain. The novel findings presented in this dissertation provide new areas of investigation for the treatment of this debilitating disease.

Topic: Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study on the stability of brown coal batter with opened cracks on Maddingley brown coal mine

After a 26-mm precipitation in February 2014, noticeable ground movements were recorded on the north batter of Maddingley brown coal open pit, Victoria. To investigate the rainfall effect on the stability of the brown coal batter with opened cracks, a three-dimensional geologic model was developed, and the finite element program encoded in Plaxis 3D was employed to conduct a complex two-phase (fluid-solid) coupled numerical simulation. It was found that the simulated deformations were well agreed with the field survey data. There were ground movements along the length of cracks on both sides of the crack with larger movement towards the pit bottom. The coupled effect of hydrostatic forces from the crack in the rear of the batter and from the clay layer underlain the batter caused the block to slide, or batter failure. From the results, it revealed that both short-term high rainfall intensity precipitation and long enduring low rainfall intensity precipitation could cause the brown coal batter with opened cracks instable.

Topic: Landslides and related hazards
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A survey of converging solutions for heterogeneous mobile networks

In 5G systems, the current machine-tomachine communications using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth provide a good opportunity to dramatically increase overall performance. Converged mobile networks can provide M2M communications with significant performance improvements by sharing unlicensed spectrum bands in cellular networks, such as Long Term Evolution-Advanced, by using cognitive radio technology. Thus, the converged mobile network will become one of the most popular future research topics because mobile multimedia content services have been generally accepted among mobile device users. In this article, we provide an overview of converged mobile networks, investigating different types of converged mobile networks, different types of convergence, and the current problems and solutions. This survey article also proposes potential research topics in converged mobile networks.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Security Based Processed Video Distribution on Multi-Core System

During real time there are problems in transmitting video directly to the client. One of the main problems is, intermediate intelligent proxy can easily hack the data as the transmitter fails to address authentication, and fails to provide security guarantees. Hence we provide steganography and cryptography mechanisms like secure-code, IP address and checksum for authentication and AES algorithm with secret key for security. Although the hacker hacks the video during transmission, he cannot view the information. Based on IP address and secure-code, the authenticated user only can get connected to the transmitter and view the information. For further improvement in security, the video is converted into frames and these frames are split into groups and separate shared key is applied to each group of frames for encryption and decryption. This secured communication process is applied in image processing modules like face detection, edge detection and color object detection. To reduce the computation time multi-core CPU processing is utilized. Using multi-core, the tasks are processed in parallel fashion.

Topic: Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 140135: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strategies for Endovascular Aortic Repair in Aortobronchial and Aortoesophageal Fistulas

TEVAR is a safe and reliable procedure in the management of ABF. For AEF, TEVAR provides a successful first-line treatment to seal the fistula and control bleeding. However, prognosis is limited by the esophageal lesion and by ongoing mediastinitis/sepsis.

Topic: Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Religion, Religious Heterogeneity, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Korean Immigrant Women

This study examined the role of religious affiliations and frequency of religious service attendance—such as church, Bible studies, and temples—as well as religious heterogeneity between couples on intimate partner violence (IPV) among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Through a case-control design, this study compared 64 Korean immigrant IPV victims with 63 Korean immigrant non-IPV victims. This study’s findings reveal that for Korean immigrant women, a high frequency of religious service attendance was associated with higher IPV victimization, while their partners’ high religious service attendance was associated with lower IPV victimization. When women’s partners were religious compared with when they were not religious, they were less likely to perpetrate IPV even when the partners’ alcohol consumption frequency increased. Also, when there was a gap between couples regarding frequency of religious attendance, IPV victimization increased. This discussion concludes by suggesting some policy implications based on these findings.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Educational-methodical maintenance of "Physical Education" discipline based on multimedia technologies

In this paper the author demonstrates the necessity and method of upgrading a non-special physical education through the application of modern information technologies to the educational process while using multimedia. There is proposed a set of teaching materials based on multimedia technologies, provided a summary of the benefits of its use in the pedagogical process.

Topic: Educational Innovations and Challenges
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Phase IB Study of Sorafenib and Evofosfamide in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular and Renal Cell Carcinomas (NCCTG N1135, Alliance)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Sorafenib (Sor) remains a first-line option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or refractory renal cell carcinomas (RCC). PLC/PRF/5 HCC model showed upregulation of hypoxia with enhanced efficacy when Sor is combined with hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (Evo). <bold>Methods:</bold> This phase IB 3 + 3 design investigated 3 Evo dose levels (240, 340, 480 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 8, 15, 22), combined with Sor 200 mg orally twice daily (po bid) on days 1-28 of a 28-day cycle. Primary objectives included determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of Sor + Evo. <bold>Results:</bold> Eighteen patients were enrolled (median age 62.5 years; 17 male /1 female; 12 HCC/6 RCC) across three dose levels (DL0: Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup> [n=6], DL1:Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 480 mg/m<sup>2</sup> [n=5], DL1a: Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 340 mg/m<sup>2</sup> [n=7]). Two dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported with Evo 480 mg/m<sup>2</sup> (grade 3 mucositis, grade 4 hepatic failure). Grade 3 rash DLT was observed in one patient at Evo 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. No DLTs were observed at Evo 340 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. MTD and RP2D were established as Sor 200 mg/Evo 340 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and Sor 200/Evo 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events included fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, and nausea/vomiting. Two partial responses were observed, one each at DL0 and DL1a.; disease control rate was 55%.<bold>Conclusions:</bold> RP2D was established as sorafenib 200 mg bid + Evo 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. While preliminary anti-tumor activity was observed, future development must account for advances in immunotherapy in HCC/RCC. NCT01497444Date of registration December 20, 2011

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AI Approach for Predicting Superhyrophobicity of Thermal Sprayed Copper Coated Aluminum Surfaces

Wettability, characterized by the contact angle of a liquid on a surface, is a critical property that influences numerous natural and industrial applications. In this study, I have developed a CNN-based model to predict the hydrophobicity or super-hydrophobicity of copper-coated aluminum surfaces treated with various reagents or etchants. The data set has been created by analyzing copper-coated aluminum samples with a 3D non-contact profilometer, and contact angle measurements were done to correlate surface properties with the resultant contact angle values. After reagent treatments, the approach had been to preprocess 3D profilometer images to extract surface morphology and structure features. These images and associated contact angle measurements were used as inputs to train the CNN model to classify whether the treated surfaces are hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic. Although the model may initially have limited training accuracy, this study demonstrates the potential of deep learning to predict wettability based on surface characteristics. The results also highlight the need for improvements, such as data set expansion, the inclusion of more varied reagent treatments, and the exploration of hybrid modeling approaches to enhance the model.

Topic: Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences