jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Review of Alternative Controls for House Flies

House flies are the most prevalent synanthropic pest worldwide. Although they seldom reproduce in homes, they invade buildings, cause annoyance, and carry pathogens. Urban pest management personnel are limited in their ability to locate and manage larval habitats, so most house fly management in urban settings focuses on adult fly suppression. Sanitation is probably the most critical component, eliminating odors that attract flies. Source reduction applies where larval habitats can be identified and eliminated. Exclusion involves keeping flies out of structures. Despite all efforts, flies will manage to enter the human environment, so exclusion includes air curtains, fans, screened windows, and doors. Ultraviolet light traps attract and immobilize, while window traps entice flies into devices that entrap them. Sticky tubes and ribbons rely on flies’ inclination to land on vertical lines to entangle them in glue. Even low-tech fly swatters can play significant roles in eliminating individual flies. Timed-release aerosol pyrethrin dispensers can be effective against flies confined in enclosed spaces. Toxic baits have limited use in urban settings. Chemical suppression remains a critical component of fly IPM, essential in situations requiring immediate fly elimination.

Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The non-indigenous freshwater molluscs of Lake Monterosi (Latium, central Italy)

In this work, the freshwater molluscs of Lake Monterosi (Latium, central Italy) are examined with the first report of the allochthonous bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) from the province of Viterbo (Latium, central Italy).Particular attention is paid to the problem of the introduction of alien organisms due to fish restocking for sporting purposes.

Topic: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reproductive function and sperm parameters in men with sickle cell disease: a systematic review

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world. It leads to hemolytic anemia and painful vaso-occlusive crises that can damage target organs at the cardiopulmonary, cerebrovascular, and renal levels. SCD has also significant consequences on reproductive functions and fertility. Moreover, the treatments designed to alleviate and reduce vaso-occlusive crises directly impact male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, literature assessing the impact of SCD and its treatments on male reproductive functions remains limited and lacks robust evidence. A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendation was carried out on the reproductive functions of men with SCD and the reproductive options available to them. Most studies have found that men with SCD frequently exhibit impaired sperm parameters. In addition, hydroxyurea (HU), proposed to relieve and reduce vaso-occlusive crises, is also known to impact male reproductive functions, and the reversibility of these consequences on sperm parameters remains hypothetical. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment. However, conditioning treatments are highly gonadotoxic and can permanently alter spermatogenesis. Young men with SCD should therefore be informed about fertility at an early stage, and fertility preservation should be discussed in pubescent men, especially if treatment with HU or HSCT is to be initiated. In prepubertal boys about to undergo HSCT, immature testicular tissue freezing should be discussed, even though this technique is still experimental.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Consumer Online Behaviour: A perspective on Internet Banking Usage in Three Non-western Countries

The paper investigate whether information technology adoption/usage is ubiquitous, especially technology imported into non-industrial nations. Date is collected online/offline in the three countries and a total of (677) actual internet banking users in (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan) answered the questionnaire. Structural equation modelling is employed to examine the fit of the data to the model. Data analysis shows an adequate fit to the model under current usage conditions. Facilitating conditions were not strong determinants of usage behaviour and social influences were weak determinants of behaviour intentions. However, performance expectancy and effort expectancy were found to be key determinants of internet banking usage behaviour in all three countries. The results should enhance our understanding of consumer motivation of using internet banking technology. This understanding can aid our efforts when promoting the e-service.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Removal of heavy liquid separates from glass centrifuge tubes; additional suggestions

Tetrabromoethane, with a freezing point almost 8 degrees C. below that of bromoform, gives greater assurance that the frozen plug with the contained heavy minerals will not loosen and come out of the tube when the light fraction is removed. An additional refinement is to use a tapered rubber stopper that has a glass rod fitted in its top and place this in a tapered centrifuge tube scaling the frozen heavy liquid beneath. The tube can then be washed of any light fraction that may have adhered to the side.

Topic: Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
48 A new course development – european trauma course

Due to the current financial climate amongst the NHS, HILS realise the need to work towards becoming self-sufficient financially. One way to assist in achieving this goal is by attracting new courses to be developed and delivered at HILS. Lessons learned in how to attract and deliver a successful course will be shared with the intention that it will be a useful resource for both new and existing centres. Courses need to be booked into the planned venue as soon as possible. Due to ETC requiring 4 consecutive days and the whole centre to run, HILS had availability in March 2016 – 12 months into the future. The course and dates were registered for approval with the European Resus Council (ERC), once this was granted the course dates were advertised through the ERC website. Dr Griscti (Co-Director) then began recruiting faculty 12 months prior to the course taking place as 12 faculty members were needed along with a Director, Co-Director and an Educator. The course was then widely advertised following creating a poster for the course. 6 months prior to the course taking place, HILS observed ETC taking place in Birmingham. This was highly beneficial as it helped the team appreciate the scale of the course when planning for it. Knowing the course format allowed the team to plan which stations would run in each room. Issues arose in terms of a lack of equipment available, the team worked hard with to allocate items available within the Trust. Impact Successful course ran March 2016, positive feedback Income generated Next course booked November 2016 ETC has helped HILS attract a hospital trauma course to run within the facility Delegates evaluations (1 = poor 4 = excellent) resulted the first course being all rated 3.6 and above.

Topic: Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cognitive Reasoning as a Determinant of Achievement Test Scores in the Middle Grades.

The purpose of this study was to examine for the middle grades how students' cognitive reasoning level (e.g. concrete vs. formal reasoning ability) contributes to the variability of their achievement test performance. While previous investigations have indiciated that measures of reasoning development are associated with measures of achievement, few such studies have attempted to control for differences in scholastic aptitude. In this particular investigation, the performance of 213 middle grades students on a test of formal reasoning was analyzed in relationship to scores on tests of achievement and scholastic aptitude. Results support cognitive reasoning as a significant determinant of achievement test performance when considered alone but not when controlling for scholastic aptitude. Results suggest that performance on reasoning tests is related to performance on achievement tests in a fashion very similar to performance on scholastic aptitude tests. Results further encourage middle grades educators to consider students' levels of reasoning when planning instruction.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Treatment of Rat Brain Tumors Using Sustained-Release of Camptothecin from Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres in a Thermoreversible Hydrogel

A thermoreversible gelation polymer consisting of an aqueous solution in the sol state at room temperature and in the gel state near body temperature was examined for its use in the retention of microspheres and sustained, long-term delivery of anti-cancer drugs using a rat model of malignant glioma. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing camptothecin at ratios of 1 : 33 or 1 : 50 mediated sustained release, with approximate 80% of camptothecin released after 28 d. Rats were inoculated in the brain with C6 glioma cells, followed 7 d later by injection in the tumor site with 1 : 33 and 1 : 50 PLGA microspheres dispersed in a thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP) solution. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the mean survival period of the untreated group was 16 d, with a slight increase in rats treated with TGP-only solution, empty or 1 : 50 microspheres in phosphate-buffered saline. The mean survival period of rats treated with the camptothecin powder in TGP was 21 d, while that of rats treated with 1 : 33 and 1 : 50 microspheres in TGP was significantly longer than the untreated group; long-term survival rats were observed. These results suggest that the anti-tumor effect of camptothecin can be enhanced by long-term sustained release from microspheres retained in the rat brain by TGP gel.

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comment on \\Growth of Molecular Superlattice in Fully Hydrated Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine during Subgel Phase Formation Process&amp;quot;

Abstract. This comment shows that data recently reported [1] as being seemingly in conflict with earlier data [2] are, in fact, in excellent agreement. Together, both studies conrm that the kinetics of the subgel phase transformation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers obeys Kolmogorov-Avrami (K-A) theory [3,4] with an anomalously low eective dimensionality. PACS. 87.22.Bt Membrane and subcellular physics and structure { 82.60.Nh Thermodynamics of nucleation In the earlier study Yang and Nagle [2] reported vol-ume data using a special thermal protocol to minimize small scale coexistence [5] and colliding domains [6] that sometimes complicate the kinetics of subgel phase trans-formation [7]. In this T-jump protocol temperature T is rst reduced from above TS = 13:5 C, which is the equi-librium subgel/gel phase transition temperature [8,9], to an incubation temperature TI &amp;lt; 7

Topic: Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Ayurvedic management of Acute Cerebro Vascular Accident due to Hypertensive Bleed (Pakshaghata): A Case Report

Stroke is defined as the fast onset of focal neurological deficit within which poor blood flow to the brain ends up in necrobiosis. It is the second most common reason for worldwide mortality. Hemorrhagic strokes are classified based on their underlying pathology. Some common causes of bleeding are hypertensive trauma, ruptured aneurism, arteriovenous fistula, transformation of previous ischemic pathology and drug-elicited hemorrhage. They result in tissue injury by inflicting compression of tissue from an expanding hematoma. Pakshaghata described in Ayurveda can be correlated with Stroke. All Acharyas have emphasized that in the manifestation of Pakshaghata, Vata is predominant with the association of Pitta and Kapha Dosha. Here is the case of 46 years old male diagnosed as an acute case of hypertensive bleed in the right centrum semiovale and putamen (Magnetic Resonance Image-MRI of Brain) resulting in left-sided hemiparesis. Assessments were done on the basis of National Institute of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale, Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength, Barthel Index and Scandinavian Stroke Scale. He was given Yastimdhu Ksheera Nasya, Takra Shirodhara, Kalyanaka Ghrita as Anuvasana Basti and oral medications. After 12 days of treatment there was marked improvement in these scales.

Topic: Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Indonesia and Timor-Leste

A tropical archipelago of more than 17,000 islands of great diversity and beauty, Indonesia is the world's fourth largest country in terms of population and potentially immensely wealthy, yet slightly over half her 240 million people are poor — in the words of the Djakarta Post, 'hovering around the poverty line on less than US$2 a day'. According to the Asian Development Bank, Indonesia is the only south-east Asian country in which the numbers of the poor are rising — 'a situation of chronic hardcore poverty'. The World Bank reports that 55 per cent of these poor people have limited primary education, 50 per cent have no access to clean water, and a quarter of their children under 5 are malnourished. It is estimated that by 2015 almost half of this underclass will be living in city slums.KeywordsHouse ArrestIndonesian PeopleMajor ScandalCity SlumMuslim ExtremistThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Self-selection of amino acid and protein, and brain serotonin concentration in rats.

The effects of intraperitoneally injecting pargyline, which elevates the brain serotonin (5-HT) content, and p-chlorophenylalanine (p-Cl-Phe), which lowers the brain 5-HT content, on food selection in growing rats choosing freely between two diets containing various amounts of amino acid (Val, Thr or Trp) or protein (casein) were investigated. Under the conditions of this experiment, no consistent correlation was observed between the amount of amino acid or protein intake and the plasma ratio of Trp to large neutral amino acids (Trp/LNAA). Also, neither the amino acid nor protein intake under the conditions of the selection paradigm was affected, despite the brain neurotransmitter (5-HT) concentration being markedly altered. These results suggest that the concentration of 5-HT in the whole brain will not regulate the amino acid or protein intake and selection. The behavioral aspect of selection for dietary amino acid or protein appears to be related to the maintenance of amino acid concentrations in the blood and brain within normal limits, regardless of the brain 5-HT level.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
NetTDP: permutation-based true discovery proportions for differential co-expression network analysis

Abstract Existing methods for differential network analysis could only infer whether two networks of interest have differences between two groups of samples, but could not quantify and localize network differences. In this work, a novel method, permutation-based Network True Discovery Proportions (NetTDP), is proposed to quantify the number of edges (correlations) or nodes (genes) for which the co-expression networks are different. In the NetTDP method, we propose an edge-level statistic and a node-level statistic, and detect true discoveries of edges and nodes in the sense of differential co-expression network, respectively, by the permutation-based sumSome method. Furthermore, the NetTDP method could further localize the differences by inferring the TDPs for edge or gene subsets of interest, which can be selected post hoc. Our NetTDP method allows inference on data-driven modules or biology-driven gene sets, and remains valid even when these sub-networks are optimized using the same data. Experimental results on both simulation data sets and five real data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method in inferring the quantification and localization of differential co-expression networks. The R code is available at https://github.com/LiminLi-xjtu/NetTDP.

Topic: Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Do Hearing Aids Influence Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Quality of Life in Hearing Impaired Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Their Caregivers?

These findings do not provide evidence of improvement in behavioral symptoms, functional status, or QoL of hearing impaired AD patients and their caregivers after 6 months of HA use. However, we cannot exclude that HAs may have a positive effect in patients aged less than 75 years.

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Taking vulnerable plaque away, eradicating heart attack].

20世纪90年代以来,随着对动脉粥样硬化(AS)危险因素的深入了解和积极控制,慢性心血管病的一级预防取得了令人鼓舞的进展.然而,急性心血管病事件(包括心脏性猝死和急性冠状动脉综合征)的一级预防仍缺乏有效的措施,全球每年近2000万人死于急性心血管病事件,大多数人事先并无症状.近年研究发现,导致急性心血管病事件的主要原因是AS斑块破裂和血栓形成,后者取决于斑块的易损性(vulnerability).为了深入地研究易损斑块的发生机制、诊断技术和防治措施,国际上成立了专门的学术组织--根除心脏病事件协会(AEHA)。

Topic: Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Software Defined Radio Interrogator for Passive Harmonic Transponders

Passive wireless sensors provide an opportunity for long term monitoring of remote environments. Such devices are activated with an interrogation signal which enables them to transmit information via a return signal. Some systems utilize the same frequency for interrogation and the return, which causes unwanted interference, particularly in cluttered environments. This work considers an interrogation system for a different class of passive devices, i.e., passive harmonic transponders. Specifically, we present the results of a single-board software defined radio (SDR) interrogation system which transmits an interrogation signal at 1.3 GHz and receives a return at 2.6 GHz. The system is demonstrated with a device known as a passive, chipless frequency doubling reflectenna (FDR). The SDR platform enables a compact, low-cost, and quickly operating design. The mean absolute error of the proposed interrogator was found to be 1.15 dB when compared with laboratory instrumentation. Additionally, this system is capable of interrogating at 70 cm with an EIRP of only 0dBm.

Topic: RFID technology advancements
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
EMPLOYMENT BASED ON A FICTION: EVALUATING THE LEGITIMACY OF TRADITIONAL NOTIONS OF CONTRACT IN THEIR APPLICATION TO AN ATYPICAL EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP

This article will examine the employment relationship between players in professional team sports and their employers. It will focus briefly on the nature of this relationship and on some unique characteristics that serve to distinguish this relationship from theemployment of other employees. The author argues that the general view that the employment contract is largely based on a fiction (in respect of the respective parties’ bargaining power and freedom to contract) is of special importance in professional sport. As the traditional checks and balances which serve to assuage the employer’s significant power are mostly absent in this context, and one encounters an additional factor that serves to further limit the rights and freedom of the player-employee (namely the degree to which the rules and regulatory conduct of sports governing bodies, and especially international sports governing bodies, form part of theemployment relationship and are incorporated in the terms and conditions of employment), it will be argued that this fictional nature of the employment contract is especially relevant. It will further be argued that the courts’ traditional view of the nature of sports governing bodies and of the basis for their authority over participants (including professional player-employees) needs to be reviewed. In light of this the author will argue that the construct of a contract cannot legitimately serve as basis for the incorporation of the rules and regulatory conduct of international sports governing bodies in the employment of players in the domestic context (also in light ofconstitutional freedoms and fundamental rights of employees), and that an alternative basis for the position of authority of such bodies in this context must be found. A future paper will continue this evaluation, with reference to the possible role of international law.

Topic: Doping in Sports
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
“Modern and Contemporary Art: Topical Abstraction in Contemporary Sculpture” Special Issue Introduction

The essays gathered in this Special Issue of Arts concern artists working in the United States and Europe since the 1960s who have leveraged sculptural abstraction to address topical issues without ceding to the classical framework of figuration [...]

Topic: Art, Politics, and Modernism
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Myths of Popular Culture

The aim of this article is to explore some critical moments in the formation of 'popular' culture studies. This objective is not exhaustive, cannot be exhaustive in the space of a single article, since popular cultural studies have grown into an academic industry which not even five live-times of academic work by any individual can exhaust! This article is therefore, a rapid but hopefully, provocative view of understanding popular culture. The article uses the concept of myth to problematize some aspects of the debates of popular culture in some works by the Frankfurt school, the pioneering work of E. P Thompson, Stuart Hall and in the case of Africa, the work of Njabulo Ndebele. None of these works claim to be canonical in their treatment of popular culture. However, the problem identified in this article and therefore to be ad- dressed is that there still remains a certain condescending theoretical attitude in the definitions of what is popular by works indicated above. To be sure, each of these writers on popular culture have evolved from previous standpoints and yet it is still important, particularly from an African perspective where the popular is still viewed as inferior, to trace the genealogy of this mistrust of the popular. We argue that myths and symbols of popular culture should be viewed as social constructs; they do not represent the interests of everyone in the community in the same way, for ever.

Topic: Political theory and Gramsci
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences