jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of T lymphocyte surface markers in children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.

CTLA-4 and CD28+ are regulators of T cell activation. The CTLA-4 gene is associated with variety of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in basic T cell subpopulations, and the expression of CD152+ and CD28+ before and after T cell stimulation in children with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), as compared with control subjects. Blood samples were obtained from 35 AT children and 25 healthy children. CD markers were evaluated by flow cytometry at baseline, after the culture with phytohemagglutinin and without stimulation. At baseline, CD152+ expression was lower in patients than in controls (P<10(-6)). After stimulation, there were an increase in CD152+ T cells and decreases in CD28+ and CD4+ cells in controls (P<0.01). In AT children, CD152+ T cells remained stable. CD4+CD152+ T cells correlated inversely with antithyroglobulin antibodies. We conclude that alterations in lymphocyte markers are associated with AT. Stimulation leads to differing changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in both examined children populations.

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Recovery of microelements from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

The aim of the study was to evaluate the content, uptake, and utilization of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, and Mo from municipal sewage sludge by the reed canary grass (RCG) and the giant miscanthus (MG). The impact of sewage sludge on the mass ratios between microelements contained in the plant biomass was analyzed as well. The long-term field experiment consisted in application of four levels of fertilization with sewage sludge: 10, 20, 40, and 60 Mg DM·ha<sup>-1</sup>. A non-fertilized control object (0 Mg DM·ha<sup>-1</sup>) was used as well. The miscanthus biomass was characterized by higher content of Al and Mn, whereas higher levels of Fe, Co, and Mo were determined in the reed canary grass biomass. As in the case of the element content, the giant miscanthus was characterized by highest level of Al and Mn uptake, while the highest uptake of Fe, Co, and Mo was exhibited by the reed canary grass. In the group of the analyzed microelements, the giant miscanthus showed the highest the recovery of Mo (47%) followed by Mn (39%), Fe (35%), and Co (15%), and the lowest uptake was determined in the case of Al (5%).

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electric properties of polycrystalline (Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>)(Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>solid solution

Polycrystalline samples of (Ba1-xSrx)(Ti1-xZrx)O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) were obtained by means of a conventional high temperature technology. SEM measurements show a well-formed structure with visible layers. The increase in Sr+2 and Zr+4 ions concentration reduces the temperature of paraelectric - ferrolectric phase transition and its diffusion increases. In the paraelectric state (for all samples) the Curie-Weiss law is fulfilled. From electric modulus measurements the relaxation times and the activation energy were determined. The investigation confirmed the improvement of the electrical properties compared with polycrystalline barium titanate.

Topic: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Schwannoma of Intercostal nerve- An Uncommon Localization

Schwannomas are benign slow growing tumors arising from Schwann cells that sheath the nerves.They can occur anywhere in the body, but generally found arising from cranial or spinal nerve roots.A rare case of 32 year old man presenting with a swelling in the left costal region diagnosed clinically as a benign soft tissue swelling is reported here.A possibility of intercostal nerve schwannoma was suspected on imaging and confirmed by histopathology following surgical resection.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Price Elasticity of Demand for Term Life Insurance and Adverse Selection

This paper provides an empirical estimate of "price" and "risk" elasticities of demand for term life insurance for those who purchase some insurance.It finds that the elasticity with respect to changes in premiums is generally higher than the elasticity with respect to changes in risk.It also finds that the elasticity, in the range of -0.3 to -0.5, is sufficiently low that adverse selection in term life insurance is unlikely to lead to a death spiral and may not even lead to measured effects of adverse selection on total purchases.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
0034 ATVS on roadways a safety crisis

<h3>Statement of purpose</h3> Despite warnings from manufacturers, federal agencies, and consumer and safety advocates that all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are unsafe on roadways, a majority of states have passed laws allowing ATVs on roads even while the majority of ATV deaths take place on roads. We will inform participants about this legal and statistical trend by sharing our research as well as offer ways that advocates and officials on the federal, state and local levels can help to prevent these deaths and injuries <h3>Methods/Approach</h3> Legal research showing the trend in state laws allowing ATVs on roads and how local decision making plays a part. Analysis of ATV and Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle (ROV) fatality data both from a 2013 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) paper and 2014 fatality data gathered from news and other sources for Consumer Federation of America's ATV safety webpage. While the IIHS paper was published in a peer reviewed journal we hope that the selection committee will allow the inclusion of its data as it is important background and is particularly useful when compared to the (non-peer reviewed) 2014 data. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-five states allow ATVs some access to roads, and since 2004, 22 states have enacted laws increasing legal ATV access to roads in some way. States are passing these laws despite the fact that on-road deaths increased twice as fast as off-road deaths from 1998—2007 and that the majority of ATV related deaths take place on roads. <h3>Conclusions</h3> To reduce deaths and injuries resulting from ATV and ROV use on roads it will take work at all levels: industry, public health officials, as well as policymakers at the federal, state and local level. <h3>Significance and contribution to the field</h3> This presentation features the first national survey of laws regarding the regulation of ATV use on roads, the most comprehensive analysis to date of both Consumer Product Safety Commission and National Highway Traffic Safety data of on-road ATV fatalities, and features ATV and ROV fatality data for 2014 collected by CFA.

Topic: Agriculture and Farm Safety
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Atomic‐Scale Customization of Oriented Dipolar Defects in Amorphous Carbon via Nanoparticle‐Templated Phase Engineering

Abstract Amorphous materials possess abundant local dipoles, however, spatial disorder leads to random orientations and restricted mobility, suppressing macroscopic polarization and limiting dielectric performance, thereby severely constraining their use in ferroelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, energy storage, and related applications. To address this challenge, a template‐assisted phase evolution strategy is proposed by loading monodispersed Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (≈10 nm) onto representative biomass‐derived amorphous carbon, followed by controlled carbothermal treatment. Interfacial reactions between the oxide and carbon generated nanopores, with pore edges enriched in quantifiable, highly oriented polar bonds. Meanwhile, the oxide nanoparticles evolved into yolk–shell structures with adjustable internal voids. These oriented dipoles enabled an active response to external high‐frequency EM fields, resulting in pronounced dielectric relaxation behavior and a sharp ≈60% enhancement in permittivity, as confirmed by frequency‐dependent dielectric measurements and theoretical calculations. The significantly improved dielectric polarization broadened their application in EM protection, achieving &gt;90% absorption efficiency over a 5.6 GHz bandwidth and far exceeding that of typical carbon‐based composites. This work provides a versatile strategy for unlocking orientational polarization in amorphous systems, paving the way for advanced applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, energy storage, and adaptive electronics.

Topic: Electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alcohol in food during childhood exposure as a risk factor for heavy drinking when adults: a case‐control study in Europe

A case control study, matched by gender and age has been conducted in Germany to understand if exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood is associated with an increased risk of heavy drinking when adult. One hundred fifty former ethilists where enrolled in the study and matched by age and gender with 150 no‐ or moderate‐users of alcohol. People were deeply interviewed by expert psychologists, and history of risk factors related to ethilism where derived (maternal alcohol drinking, familiar environment, personal event history, …). Exposure to food containing alcohol was not significantly different between ethilists and non alcohol drinking people (11% vs, 9% respectively where eating food with alcohol during childhood, P‐value NS). No significant effect of exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood on the risk of ethilism was detected even after adjusting for other known risk factors in a multivariable analysis.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Aerobic functional capacity in normal subjects].

The functional evaluation of a subject may be performed by measurement of the functional aerobic capacity by means of exercise-stress tests. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) is the best parameter to establish this. The values of VO2 max were determined in twenty-five normal subjects, residents of Mexico City. There were twenty men and five women whose ages ranged between the third and fourth decades of life. A maximal exercise-stress test was performed in a treadmill, with constant inclination and progressive speed increments. Electrocardiogram and blood pressure were monitorized at rest, during exercise and in the recovery period. Four collections of espired gas were obtained, one at rest and three at different levels of exercise. VO2/kg. at rest (the value of one met) was 3.49+/-0.58 ml/kg. min. for the whole group somewhat lower for males (3.37+/-0.53 ml/kg. min.) than for female subjects (3.99+/-0.51 ml/kg. min.). These results are comparable to the ones informed in the literature. VO2 max/kg. was 27.8+/-5.57 ml/kg. min. for the entire group and 28.0+/-5.64 and 27.3+/-5.94 ml/kg. min. for men and women respectively. The values of VO2 max/kg. are definitely lower than the ones obtained from normal subjects in other countries. Considerations are made on the possible causes of this discrepancy. A linear correlation was found between VO2/kg or mets in one side and load imposed, cardiac rate or double product (pulse-pressure) in the other. The different VO2 max/kg. values found in this study as compared to the results obtained from other countries, serve to emphasize the need for each laboratory to establish its own normal values and to construct nomograms for the adquate evaluation of functional aerobic capacity. This, in turn, will permit the accurate and correct prescription of exercise for individual subjects or patients.

Topic: Medical research and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Folic acid and neural tube defect: can't we come to closure?

In a series of nonrandomized and randomized intervention trials and case-control and cohort studies, women using multivitamins or folic acid supplements during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy experienced a three- to fourfold reduction in neural tube defects among their offspring. Viewed collectively, these data provide strong evidence that an important subset of US women do not receive sufficient folic acid to minimize their risk of a defective pregnancy. Further, the amounts of folic acid contained in multivitamins (usually 200-400 micrograms per day) appear adequate to greatly reduce, and probably eliminate, the excess risk.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
RmcA controls c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas species in response to L-Arginine

Bacteria can form organized community called biofilm allowing them to colonize the surfaces and to resist antimicrobial treatments and host defenses. The second messenger 3’-5’cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) controls biofilm formation, maintenance, and dispersion in response to environmental signals, including nutrients and stressors. The intracellular levels of c-di-GMP are controlled by the rate of its synthesis and degradation, regulated by diguanylate cyclases (GGDEF signature) and phosphodiesterase (EAL and HD- GYP signatures), respectively. Among nutrients, Arginine represents one key metabolite in biofilm formation being at the crossroad of many metabolic processes. Moreover, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Arginine is the substrate for ATP production under low O2 levels and plays a key role in chronic infections, biofilm and antibiotic resistance. RmcA (Redox modulator of c-di-GMP) is a multidomain phosphodiesterase that links redox conditions to colony morphogenesis in P. aeruginosa, by modulating levels of c-di-GMP and wrinkling phenotype in response to phenazine availability. RmcA is a membrane protein composed by a periplasmic VFT domain, a transmembrane helix, four Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains that are responsible for the periplasmic signal transduction to the catalytic moiety (GGDEF-EAL). RmcA is involved in biofilm maintenance pathway of P. aeruginosa, and the characterization of this protein is important to gain details of the molecular mechanism in terms of electron perceiving and nutrient sensing to finally control c-di-GMP consumption activity and treat chronic infection. Moreover, understanding mechanism involved in biofilm maintenance is relevant also in biotechnology field. In this thesis we have contributed to gain mechanistic details on the RmcA-based signal transduction by reaching three main goals: 1) The characterization of cytosolic portion of RmcA (cRmcA). I have found that RmcA regulates its phosphodiesterase activity by detecting the intracellular redox potential FAD/ FADH2 via the PASd domain. 2) The RmcA control via VFT domain in response to arginine. I have isolated the membrane protein and in vitro obtained the transduction of the periplasmic signal to the catalytic portion, resulting in the regulation of the phosphodiesterase activity in response to arginine. 3) The effect of RmcA in controlling P. putida metabolism in response to arginine. I have developed a novel approach for measuring the bacterial energy metabolism; the ΔrmcA mutant is affected by Arginine when it is the only carbon source.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of Endothelin on the Function of the Isolated Perfused Working Rat Heart

1. The effect of endothelin on the performance of the isolated perfused working rat heart has been examined. 2. A low concentration of endothelin (60 pmol/l) produced a gradual but sustained increase in cardiac output; coronary vascular resistance was unaffected. 3. A high concentration of endothelin (600 pmol/l) produced a rapid increase in cardiac output, followed by a marked fall in cardiac output as progressive, severe coronary vasoconstriction developed. 4. The coronary vasoconstriction induced by endothelin (600 pmol/l) was partially blocked by nicardipine (0.5 pmol/l) 5. In the presence of either nicardipine (0.5 μmol/l) or verapamil (0.2 μmol/l), the increment in cardiac output induced by endothelin (600 pmol/l) was greater than that induced by the addition of the same concentration of endothelin to hearts which had not been exposed to calcium-entry blockers. 6. The effect of endothelin on myocardial contractility has a different time course, concentration dependence and response to calcium-entry blockade than the effect on the coronary vasculature. This suggests that different mechanisms are involved in the generation of the myocardial and vascular responses to endothelin.

Topic: Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Review of the European Union Countries on Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions Market

It is a well-known fact that the main objective of every corporation is to generate profits and enhance its shareholders' wealth. Corporate growth may be achieved either internally (through organic growth) or externally (through mergers and acquisitions). In parallel with global trends, corporate growth is achieved by cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;As) that have increased dramatically in economies especially over the last few decades. It is also established that mergers and acquisitions come in waves - so far, six waves have been researched. The main aim of the presented paper is to analyse the activity of the European Union countries on the M&amp;As market and to describe the main motives for cross-border M&amp;As and how the performance of cross-merger M&amp;As is measured.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies of the mechanism of the vasoconstrictor activity of stroma-free hemoglobin in the isolated perfused rat kidney and rabbit heart.

We have found that DBBF-Hb and Hb Ao have significantly less vasoconstrictor activity than unmodified Hb in the rabbit heart. In striking contrast to these findings, DBBF-Hb and unmodified Hb have comparable hemodynamic effects in the isolated kidney. We have demonstrated that lipophilic contamination of fraction V BSA causes vasoconstriction in the coronary vasculature and speculate that similar contaminants may contribute to the vasoconstrictor activity of SFH solutions. Finally, we have shown that renal vasoconstriction induced by DBBF-Hb is reversed by acetylcholine as well as nitroprusside. These studies suggest that renal vasoconstriction induced by DBBF-Hb is not related to inhibition of EDRF. These studies make it clear that SFH solutions have different effects on the heart and kidney vasculature. The use of both heart and kidney models should provide important information on the mechanisms by which SFH causes vasoconstriction in these two organs.

Topic: Hemoglobin structure and function
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A Study on the Preparation and Properties of Hydrogel Cosmetic Color Contact Lens with Aniline Group

Currently, ultraviolet exposure is increasing day by day due to the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase in outdoor activities due to environmental pollution. On the other hand, the aniline group used in this study is the simplest structure of aromatic amines, and the characteristics of coloring in air are introduced into hydrogel hydrophilic contact lenses to be used as UV blocking contact lenses. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate [HEMA], Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate[EGDMA] as a crosslinking, and 2,2 -Azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) [AIBN] as a initiarorwere used as basic combinations. Also 2-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(2A), 3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(3A), 4-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(4A) were added and copolymerized. As for 4A, the water content decreased as the addition ratio increased, and accordingly, the refractive index increased and the wettability decreased. 2A and 3A did not show significant changes in refractive index and wettability according to the addition ratio, but the moisture content of 2A decreased and the moisture content of 3A did not change significantly. In the case of light transmittance, there was no significant change in 2A and 3A, but at 10% of 3A and 4A, transmittance in the UV-B and UV-A regions was significantly lowered. Therefore, it is judged that these materials can be used in functional color contact lens for blocking UV rays.

Topic: Food Quality and Safety Studies
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
FACS-Based High-Throughput Functional Screening of Genetic Libraries for Drug Target Discovery

A primary aim of functional genomics in pharmaceutical applications is to identify genes whose function is critical to maintaining a disease state and to determining whether therapeutic modulation of this function results in a beneficial clinical response. However, although many genomic approaches can identify disease-associated genes, lengthy follow-up studies are usually required to determine which genes are functionally important and are causally linked to a given disease. In contrast, retrovirally mediated functional genetic screening approaches enable rapid identification of physiologically relevant targets. Genetic screens are designed to detect functional changes that result in changes in cellular function that correlate with disease amelioration. Retroviruses possess unique properties that allow delivery of complex libraries of potential genetic effectors to a variety of cell types. These effectors can perturb specific interactions required to achieve a complete functional response and establish a direct relationship with a cellular function. Functional screens are employed to select for cells endowed with a desired genetic effector–induced change in phenotype. Identification of a genetic effector that causes an altered cellular phenotype that correlates with clinical benefit can explicate critical signaling components suitable for therapeutic intervention. Flow cytometry represents a uniquely powerful methodology to monitor complex multiparametric changes of individual cells in large populations. In conjunction with recent advances in retroviral expression systems, the sensitivity and speed of flow cytometry enables a highly efficient functional screening of complex libraries in a wide range of cell-based assays. In this chapter, we discuss the process of functional genetic screening and show specific examples of its implementation. We focus particularly on the critical parameters involved in the design and execution of functional genetic screening approaches based on FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter). Retroviruses provide a powerful method of introducing genes into mammalian cells in an efficient and stable manner. Recent advances in retroviral vector technology and packaging systems have extended their application to allow efficient and stable delivery of highly diverse libraries encoding various types of genetic effectors, including cDNAs, peptides, and ribozymes, into a broad range of cell types.

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Significance of mental factors in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardias].

In this paper is reported on two cases of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. The clinical and paraclinical examinations did not reveal any organic heart disease, the psychological one, however, found a very severe neurotic personality disorder. Antiarrhythmic drugs were ineffective in both cases. Meanwhile one female patient went through a brief psychotherapy which dismissed the arrhythmia.

Topic: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences