jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4959: Multispectral imaging of chromogenic multiplex IHC assays as an alternative to fluorescent methods

Abstract Detection and analysis of two or more co-localized antigens by light microscopy has been hindered by the difficulty in discerning and quantifying overlaying chromogens. Performing multi-analyte immunohistochemistry has many potential benefits and applications in the field of drug target evaluation and patient screening, including: 1) determination and quantification of immunoreactivity co-localization; 2) evaluation of spatial relationships between immunoreactive cell types; 3) signal transduction pathway activation studies; 4) reduction in tissue depletion; and 5) decreased reagent utilization. Multiplex immunofluorescence is not widely used as an analytical technique for clinical samples due to its lower sensitivity than chromogenic methods and concerns about autofluorescence in formalin-fixed tissue. Through the use of multispectral imaging, the absorption pattern of overlapping chromogens can be spectrally unmixed into quantitative individual dye components. This process works accurately when chromogens are developed to a lower intensity than typical for most standard pathology laboratories. The chromogens must be developed to a point where they do not scatter light or block subsequent chromogenic development. The current study was performed to define the accuracy of spectral unmixing of chromogens and evaluate whether interference existed between chromogens. Stained samples were imaged using multispectral imaging, and quantitative grayscale images for each analyte were created by spectral unmixing. The grayscale images were analyzed using image analysis software to determine the overall expression levels of each analyte. Development with Vulcan Red followed by DAB produced little interference, while high density development with DAB decreased the subsequent Vulcan Red staining intensity. Vulcan Red, DAB and hematoxylin unmixed properly and quantitatively. In summary, when multiplexed chromogenic IHC assays were developed using methods optimized for multispectral imaging, the technique demonstrated excellence performance characteristics without suffering from drawbacks commonly associated with fluorescence-based techniques. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4959.

Topic: Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Microdialysis Monitoring of Biomarkers for Early Recognition of Intestinal Ischemia

© 2012 Priya and Corcoles, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Microdialysis Monitoring of Biomarkers for Early Recognition of Intestinal Ischemia

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Is ‘invisible gorilla’ self-reportedly measurable? Development and validation of a new questionnaire for measuring cognitive unsafe behaviors of front-line industrial workers

The most complicated problem in detecting workplace hazards is the dynamic condition of industrial settings and the unpredictability of workers' behavior. A newly developed method focusing on cognitive differences between individuals is required to evaluate unsafe behaviors of workers. This study aimed at development and validation of a new questionnaire for measuring cognitive unsafe behaviors of front-line industrial workers. A new questionnaire with 61 items was developed and the main measurement characteristics (validity and reliability) were analyzed. Content validity analysis showed that 61 items had an excellent content validity index (<0.78) and content validity ratio (>0.42). Good internal consistency (Cronbach's <i>α</i> = 0.95) and stability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.98) were found for the new instrument. The result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the selected model was satisfactory. The new instrument appears to be a valid and reliable tool to assess cognitive unsafe behaviors of front-line industrial workers.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Theory and Practice in Criminal Law

The paper is an English translation of Teoria i praktyka w prawie karnym by Józef Jan Bossowski published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1924. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz Uniersity, Poznań.

Topic: Criminal Law and Evidence
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare congenital arrhythmogenic disorder induced by physical or emotional stress. It mainly affects children and younger adults and is characterized by rapid polymorphic and bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Symptoms can include dizziness, palpitations, and presyncope, which may progress to syncope, hypotonia, convulsive movements, and sudden cardiac death. CPVT is the result of perturbations in Ca 2+ ion handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac myocytes. Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene and the calsequestrin isoform 2 gene are most commonly seen in familial CPVT patients. Under catecholaminergic stimulation, either mutation can result in an excess Ca 2+ load during diastole resulting in delayed after depolarization and subsequent arrhythmogenesis. The current first-line treatment for CPVT is β-blocker therapy. Other therapeutic interventions that can be used in conjunction with β-blockers include moderate exercise training, flecainide, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Several potential therapeutic interventions, including verapamil, dantrolene, JTV519, and gene therapy, are also discussed.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of HVAF thermally sprayed coatings: Unraveling microstructural, electrochemical, and tribological performance using glass former Fe-Cr-Mo-Nb-B feedstock powder

In this paper the microstructural features of the glass former Fe68Cr8Mo4Nb4B16 coatings are unveiled and related to their electrochemical and tribological responses. The coating was mostly glassy with some embedded borides (M3B2, M2B-tetragonal; M being the metallic elements of the alloy) and ferrite. The tribological behavior of the HVAF coated sample, characterized by a thickness of about 200 µm, ∼6% porosity and a Vickers hardness of 357 HV0.5, was assessed in a sphere-on-plate configuration, revealing a specific wear rate of approximately 5 ×10−4 mm3∙N−1m−1. The wear mechanism was dominated by delamination caused by fragile intersplats. The corrosion resistance of HVAF coatings was evaluated in 0.6 M NaCl solution and compared with the results obtained for the crystalline Fe68Cr8Mo4Nb4B16 ingot, produced by melting in an induction furnace, and for the AISI 1020 steel substrate. The HVAF coating showed satisfactory corrosion resistance compared to the carbon steel substrate and the crystalline ingot, with the highest corrosion potential, Ecorr, values (−533 mVSCE) and the lowest corrosion current density, icorr, (10−6 A∙cm−2) followed by a clear passivation window upon anodic polarization in 0.6 M NaCl solution. Evaluations of HVAF coating showed a higher glassy content compared to the gas-atomized feedstock powders. This suggests that during spraying, certain particles were molten and experienced cooling rates adequate to inhibit crystallization, resulting in the freezing of the supercooled liquid. This phenomenon contributes to the good corrosion resistance observed in the present work and offers an opportunity to enhance the electrochemical behavior of HVAF coatings.

Topic: High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Asymptotic 3-D Phase Unwrapping for Very Sparse Airborne Array InSAR Images

Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) is able to reconstruct a 3D surface model with high precision but requires a long waiting time to get the multi-baseline SAR images. Array-InSAR system can acquire multi-baseline images in a single flight, which significantly improves the practical capability of 3D reconstruction. However, the array-InSAR system with many channels has very high complexity in both system and processing because of cross-channel calibration and decoupling. Thus, reducing the number of channels requires the investigation of the 3D reconstruction algorithm to be suitable for sparse array-InSAR images. This work proposed an asymptotic 3D phase unwrapping (PU) algorithm for 3D reconstruction using sparse array-InSAR images, i.e., as few as three or four channels. A 2D (space) + 1D (baseline) PU framework is developed to improve the reliability of the 3D PU and a novel asymptotic strategy is proposed for the combination of the short-long baseline interferogram. Using a successful unwrapping (SU) criteria, the bounds of the possible baseline combination and the expected minimal coherence are derived, respectively. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is the reliable phase unwrapping with very sparse channels and an analysis of the possible baseline combination. The experimental results by both simulated and real data show that the proposed method can achieve a 3D reconstruction using only three-pass array-InSAR images and optimize the baseline design for the array-InSAR system.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
AMPK Inhibits ULK1-Dependent Autophagosome Formation and Lysosomal Acidification via Distinct Mechanisms

Autophagy maintains metabolism in response to starvation, but each nutrient is sensed distinctly. Amino acid deficiency suppresses mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1), while glucose deficiency promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The MTORC1 and AMPK signaling pathways converge onto the ULK1/2 autophagy initiation complex. Here, we show that amino acid starvation promoted formation of ULK1- and sequestosome 1/p62-positive early autophagosomes. Autophagosome initiation was controlled by MTORC1 sensing glutamine, leucine, and arginine levels together. In contrast, glucose starvation promoted AMPK activity, phosphorylation of ULK1 Ser555, and LC3-II accumulation, but with dynamics consistent with a block in autophagy flux. We studied the flux pathway and found that starvation of amino acid but not of glucose activated lysosomal acidification, which occurred independently of autophagy and ULK1. In addition to lack of activation, glucose starvation inhibited the ability of amino acid starvation to activate both autophagosome formation and the lysosome. Activation of AMPK and phosphorylation of ULK1 were determined to specifically inhibit autophagosome formation. AMPK activation also was sufficient to prevent lysosome acidification. These results indicate concerted but distinct AMPK-dependent mechanisms to suppress early and late phases of autophagy.

Topic: Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chemical–enzymatic synthesis and bioactivity of mono-6-[Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-(1,6′)-hexyl]amido-6-deoxy-cycloheptaamylose

Transfer of a β-1,4-galactosyl moiety by galactosyltransferase to chemically synthetised mono-6-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosylhexyl)amido-6-deoxy-cycloneptaamylose yields mono-6-[Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-(1,6′)-hexyl]amido-6-deoxycycloheptaamyiose which shows recognition by the galactose specific Kluveromyces bulgaricus cell wall lectin (Kb CWL)

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect Of Fire On Structural Behavior Of Normal And High Strength Concrete Beams

This paper investigates and evaluates experimentally the structural behavior of high strength concrete (HSC) beams under fire and compares it with that of Normal strength concrete (NSC) beams. The main investigated parameters are: concrete compressive strength (300 or 600 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>); the concrete cover thickness (3 or 5 cm); the degree of temperature (room temperature or 600 <sup>o</sup>C); the type of cooling (air or water); and the fire exposure time (3 or 5 hours). Test results showed that the concrete compressive strength decreases significantly as the exposure time to fire increases.

Topic: Fire effects on concrete materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A unified semantic web-enabled framework for intelligent manufacturing supply chain

The importance of well-constructed and efficient information synchronisation is critical to the successful tracking and monitoring of support processes in the context of manufacturing information flow. This project provides an innovative approach to exploring and addressing failure in traditional supply chain systems in the provision of dynamic and scalable information synchronisation. The latter has resulted due to the lack of protocols for the sharing of manufacturing data. This project aims to develop an accessible system whereby manufacturing supply chains can interact semantically in the exchange, interpretation and synchronisation of data. Contemporary semantic web effort in the supply chain field has been limited to the production and process knowledge areas; this project extends this by linking dynamic production data to create production execution knowledge. The novelty of the project is evidenced in the development of a synchronised data sharing system allowing better decision-making resources with intrinsic manufacturing intelligence. By identifying and addressing specific manufacturing challenges to mitigate disturbances within the supply chain, this project will have a significant impact on the proactivity of manufacturers and suppliers. The overall aim of this research is to develop, test and demonstrate efficient creation and re-configuration of intelligent manufacturing supply-chain and manufacturing networks capable of rapid and dynamic response to changes and disturbances. The methodology used for this research mainly focuses on: (i) the development of an intelligent ontology-based data query system; (ii) the development of heuristics and optimisation of manufacturing systems through the use of agent-based technologies; (iii) the application of artificial intelligence techniques for simulating the manufacturing environment; and (iv) the use of intelligent software agents and linked data for predictive manufacturing. A software platform is developed in order to simulate and form a highly adaptive supply chain based on a real industrial use case. The responsive characteristic of the system needs to be proactive, automated and self-regulated. This is realised through the development of a multi-agent system that would deploy autonomous agents, representing online physical systems, with capabilities of negotiation, cooperation, communication, learning and taking action. The results clearly illustrate the validity of the proposed data query, resource allocation and predictive models, when compared to the literature and a set of operation research benchmarks.

Topic: Collaboration in agile enterprises
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Winemaking as a Biotechnological Sequence

The chemistry of winemaking is characterized by intensive metabolism of the ingredients, beginning with the grape and ending with wine. We therefore view the chemistry of winemaking as a biotechnological sequence. This sequence originates with the grape, proceeds to the grape destemming, crushing, and pressing technology and, finally, is decisively influenced by the fermentation. The ingredients of the grapes, their dependence on variety, climate, vineyard management (fertilization), and biochemical processes during the crushing and pressing operations, are important to the biosynthesis of aroma substances.

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Improving Oral Expression Among Arabic Students in Nigeria Using the Dialogue Strategy

This study evaluated the effectiveness of dialogue strategy on improving the oral expression skills of Arabic students at Nigerian colleges of education in Niger State.A quasi-experimental approach was adopted to analyse two groups: a control group consisting of students from College of Education Kontagora and an experimental group consisting of students from Minna College of Education.The intervention period was in the second semester of the academic year 2018-19.A sample of 80 students was distributed into two groups of 40 students.A test and evaluation scale for oral expression skills was developed.A t-test was employed to determine if the mean scores of the two groups were significantly different from one another.The results showed that students in both groups had oral expression skills with a mean score of 15.37, which fell below the study benchmark; however, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the control group and the mean score of the experimental group.Generally, the results revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in favour of the experimental group.The researchers recommend that teachers focus on oral expression skills when teaching Arabic at Nigerian colleges of education.

Topic: Arabic Language Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Biological Generator of Prime Numbers

In the present work, we shall allow for the merging of two seemingly unrelated subjects, one being periodical insects and the other the theory of prime numbers. The fact that some species of cicadas (genus Magicicada) appear every 7, 13 or 17 years and that these periods are prime numbers has been regarded as a coincidence [1, 2]. Without intending to argue in favour or against this statement, we will show here that a simple evolutionary predator-prey model yields primeperiodic preys. Moreover, this result will be used as a number-theoretical tool, namely to generate large prime numbers. Furthermore, we will demonstrate how a spatio-temporal extension of the model renders spiral waves being reminiscent of those observed in excitable systems, host-parasitoid systems and prebiotic evolution.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Resistance to the use of video in individual psychotherapy training

Given some of the unique advantages that videotechnology can afford psychotherapy educators, it is unfortunate that this medium is not more widely used for the training of residents in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. The author examines some of the major forces that prevent greater acceptance of video by psychotherapy supervisors. Video is presented as a useful addition to more established teaching methods rather than as competitive with them.

Topic: Psychology, Coaching, and Therapy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Fixed- and Variable-Rate Mortgages, Business Cycles, and Monetary Policy

This paper studies how the proportion of fixed- and variable-rate mortgages affects business cycles and welfare. I develop and solve a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with a housing market and a group of constrained individuals who need housing collateral to obtain loans. The model predicts that with mostly variable-rate mortgages, an exogenous interest rate shock has larger effects on borrowers than in a fixed-rate economy. For plausible parameterizations, aggregate differences are muted by wealth effects on labor supply and by the presence of savers. For given monetary policy, a high proportion of fixed-rate mortgages is welfare enhancing.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Protoplast Generation from the Ascofuranone-Producing Fungus &lt;i&gt;Acremonium sclerotigenum&lt;/i&gt;

Acremonium sclerotigenum (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) is a soil fungus found worldwide as an air and food contaminant. This fungus produces the antibiotic ascofuranone, a promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis; however, the details of ascofuranone biosynthesis have not yet been elucidated. Genetic manipulation techniques would greatly facilitate identification of the genes from ascofuranone biosynthetic pathway, but these techniques have not yet been established for this organism. Protoplast generation is a required step of the polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of fungi. In this study, we aimed to establish a protocol for the isolation of protoplasts from A. sclerotigenum strain F-1392. The cell wall was digested with a commercial enzyme, Yatalase, to promote protoplast release. Spherical cells that were sensitive to osmotic shock were recovered only when the mycelia were pretreated with dithiothreitol. As a result, 2.0×107 protoplasts were obtained from a 40-mL liquid culture of A. sclerotigenum; the regeneration efficiency was estimated as 17%. This study comprises the first step toward development of genetic manipulation techniques in A. sclerotigenum, allowing future genetic dissection of this important microorganism.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Emerging Market Penetration, Inventory Supply, and Financial Performance

Realizing potential benefits from emerging market penetration requires firms to address inherent supply chain challenges. A major challenge is for firms to manage costly inventories to address demand and supply risks in emerging markets. However, emerging market penetration may offer opportunities for firms to lower inventory levels, reduce costs, and improve operating performance. Using data for 482 manufacturing firms over the 5‐year period, 2003–2007, obtained from the COMPUSTAT Industrial and Segment Databases, this article examines the relationships between emerging market penetration, inventory supply, and financial performance. Our results show that a multinational firm's sales penetration into emerging markets is associated with fewer days of inventory supply and improved financial performance. As emerging market penetration may allow firms to operate with lower inventory supply, the positive effect from emerging market penetration, such as labor cost reductions, may be enhanced due to inventory cost savings.

Topic: Corporate Finance and Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences