jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Risk Management Systems on Honesty in Managerial Reporting: An Experimental Examination

An extension of the agency model of capital budgeting under private information shows that an owner?s investment in a risk management system (RMS) exacerbates the owner?s agency costs as it increases the expected slack available for managerial expropriation. This study experimentally examines the effects of an RMS on honesty in managerial reporting and the incremental effect of the owner?s willingness to invest in an RMS. Applying insights from a model of social norm activation and behavioral economics, I predict that an RMS will increase managerial honesty in reporting by increasing common expectations for truthful reporting. Furthermore, I predict that the owner?s willingness to invest will activate a trustworthiness social norm for managers that will strengthen the positive effect of an RMS. Consistent with my theory, I find that an RMS has a positive effect on managerial honesty in reporting, and this positive effect is greater when the RMS is the result of the owner?s investment choice. An analysis of exit questionnaire responses confirms that the owner?s investment in an RMS signaled trust and increased the manager?s trustworthiness. The results suggest that an RMS can play a corporate governance role despite the potential increase in agency costs, and the salience of the owner?s investment choice reinforces this role.

Topic: Risk Management in Financial Firms
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 960577: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The biology and non-chemical control of Corn Marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum L.)

Occurrence An annual weed of acid arable soils, probably introduced to Britain in the Neolthic period. Corn marigold is locally common throughout the UK but decreasing (Clapham et al., 1987; Stace, 1997). It was confined to light land (Thurston, 1976). It was most troublesome on loamy and sandy soil (Long, 1938). It was said to like acid conditions and is thought to be an indicator that soils are low in calcium but other factors may be involved. It is not recorded above 1,100 ft in the UK (Salisbury, 1961).

Topic: Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Variational approach to the Schr\"odinger equation with a delta-function potential

We obtain accurate eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a Hamiltonian of the form $H_{g}=H+g\delta (x)$, where $\delta (x)$ is the Dirac delta function. We show that the well known Rayleigh-Ritz variational method is a suitable approach provided that the basis set takes into account the effect of the Dirac delta on the wavefunction.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
ISiCLE: A Quantum Chemistry Pipeline for Establishing\nin Silico Collision Cross Section Libraries

High-throughput,\ncomprehensive, and confident identifications of\nmetabolites and other chemicals in biological and environmental samples\nwill revolutionize our understanding of the role these chemically\ndiverse molecules play in biological systems. Despite recent technological\nadvances, metabolomics studies still result in the detection of a\ndisproportionate number of features that cannot be confidently assigned\nto a chemical structure. This inadequacy is driven by the single most\nsignificant limitation in metabolomics, the reliance on reference\nlibraries constructed by analysis of authentic reference materials\nwith limited commercial availability. To this end, we have developed\nthe in silico chemical library engine (ISiCLE), a high-performance\ncomputing-friendly cheminformatics workflow for generating libraries\nof chemical properties. In the instantiation described here, we predict\nprobable three-dimensional molecular conformers (i.e., conformational\nisomers) using chemical identifiers as input, from which collision\ncross sections (CCS) are derived. The approach employs first-principles\nsimulation, distinguished by the use of molecular dynamics, quantum\nchemistry, and ion mobility calculations, to generate structures and\nchemical property libraries, all without training data. Importantly,\noptimization of ISiCLE included a refactoring of the popular MOBCAL\ncode for trajectory-based mobility calculations, improving its computational\nefficiency by over 2 orders of magnitude. Calculated CCS values were\nvalidated against 1983 experimentally measured CCS values and compared\nto previously reported CCS calculation approaches. Average calculated\nCCS error for the validation set is 3.2% using standard parameters,\noutperforming other density functional theory (DFT)-based methods\nand machine learning methods (e.g., MetCCS). An online database is\nintroduced for sharing both calculated and experimental CCS values\n(metabolomics.pnnl.gov), initially\nincluding a CCS library with over 1 million entries. Finally, three\nsuccessful applications of molecule characterization using calculated\nCCS are described, including providing evidence for the presence of\nan environmental degradation product, the separation of molecular\nisomers, and an initial characterization of complex blinded mixtures\nof exposure chemicals. This work represents a method to address the\nlimitations of small molecule identification and offers an alternative\nto generating chemical identification libraries experimentally by\nanalyzing authentic reference materials. All code is available at github.com/pnnl.

Topic: Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Managing dysfunctional central venous access devices: a practical approach to urokinase thrombolysis

Tunnelled central venous access devices (CVADs) are defined as any intravenous multipurpose catheters placed within the central veins for use in haemodialysis and administration of blood products or chemotherapy in oncology and haematological conditions. Frequent complications include thrombosis and catheter-related infection, which may lead to significant adverse patient outcomes. Once thrombosis is suspected correction should be attempted empirically with thrombolytic agents. Commonly available thrombolytic agents in the UK include urokinase (Syner-Kinase) and alteplase (Cathflo). It is well recognised that urokinase usage differs widely and concerns were raised by clinicians about the variation of dose regimens nationally. The objective of the CVAD Focus Group was to address this issue and offer guidance in the management of suspected thrombosis of CVAD with urokinase using two algorithms for renal and non-renal dysfunctional CVAD and to audit prospectively the outcomes of intervention.

Topic: Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of Invariants Associated with Spectral Boundary Problems for an Elliptic Operator

This is a survey of recent results on zeta- and eta-function poles and values for realizations of Laplace- and Dirac-type operators defined by pseudodifferential projection boundary conditions (including the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer operator and its square). Section 1 recalls some useful results for ps.d.o.s on closed manifolds. Section 2 describes the asymptotic trace expansions for second-order operators under general projection boundary conditions, in particular the vanishing of the zeta residue at 0 in general (with consequences for first-order operators). Section 3 treats cases with symmetry or selfadjointness conditions, where a stability of the zeta value at 0, or of the vanishing of the eta residue, can be shown for low-order perturbations of the boundary projection. Section 4 describes general results on stability of expansion coefficients when the interior operator is perturbed, and ends with special results obtainable when the perturbation commutes with the interior operator near the boundary, in a suitable sense.

Topic: Advanced Operator Algebra Research
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Hybridization on the Tensile Properties of S-glass Fibre/Nanoclay/Epoxy Composites

three groups of composites were fabricated: glass/epoxy composites A, B,C,D,E and F which contains 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt. % glassfibre reinforcement respectively. Naonclay/epoxy composite B, C, D, E and F, with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt.% nanoclay content respectively. Hybrid composites B, C,D, and F, contain equal amount of epoxy ( 60 wt. %), 39, 38, 37, 36, and 35 wt. % glassfibre and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt. % nanoclay content respectively. Sample A is the Control sample with 100 wt. % epoxy. Tensile properties of S-glassfibre/nanoclay/epoxy hybird nanocomposite E, which contains 60 wt. % epoxy, 4 wt &amp; nanoclay and 36 wt. % glassfibre was found to be the overall best performing composite in the mechanical properties.

Topic: Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PENGARUH FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI DAN PERSONALITY TERHADAP KEAHLIAN DALAM END USER COMPUTING (Studi Kasus Guru dan Karyawan Administrasi pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kotamadya Yogyakarta)

This study aims to analyze the influence of demographic factors ( age , gender , education , experience ) and personality factors ( computer anxiety , computer attitude , math anxiety ) to the end user computing expertise of personnel either partially or simultaneously . Models the influence of the demographic variables and personality skills in end user computing research model replicated from Harrison and Rainer (1992 ) and the research model and Gudono Rifa (1998). The study was conducted on teacher and administrative employees of State High School I to XI in Yogyakarta Municipality considering charging adminsitrasinya teacher certification performed with computerized online program for you State , appropriate curriculum in 2013 all teachers in the learning process to educate students using computerized , so too the acceptance of new students each academic year always use the on-line computerized . Thus both teachers and administrative staff are required to have expertise in End user Computing . So the research conducted to analyze the influence of demographic factors and personality to expertise in End User Computing. The results showed that demographic factors (age - gender - experience) has a direct influence on the expertise in end user computing 0 , 001 ; 0 , 027 ; 0,007 . Personality factors of computer anxiety (fear - Anticipation 0.057) ; computer attitude (Intimidation 0.05) has a direct influence on the expertise in end user computing . The results were quite surprising is the demographic factors (educational 0.117) , personality factors of computer attitude (0.760 pessimism - optimism 0.150) ; math anxiety (0.334) is not significant enough to expertise in end user computing . To improve performance in the Public High Schools in Yogyakarta municipality with regard to the introduction of new technology on- line computerized system above , need to be considered in decisions about withdrawal of the human resources , training and implementation of computer education for personnel and equipment. Provision of adequate facilities is expected to increase its expertise in end user computing , which in turn improves the performance of State High School and individual performance

Topic: Gender and Technology in Education
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Joint optimization of resource allocation and trajectory based on user trajectory for UAV-assisted backscatter communication system

The Backscatter communication has gained widespread attention from academia and industry in recent years. In this paper, A method of resource allocation and trajectory optimization is proposed for UAV-assisted backscatter communication based on user trajectory. This paper will establish an optimization problem of jointly optimizing the UAV trajectories, UAV transmission power and BD scheduling based on the large-scale channel state signals estimated in advance of the known user trajectories, taking into account the constraints of BD data and working energy consumption, to maximize the energy efficiency of the system. The problem is a non-convex optimization problem in fractional form, and there is nonlinear coupling between optimization variables. An iterative algorithm is proposed based on Dinkelbach algorithm, block coordinate descent method and continuous convex optimization technology. First, the objective function is converted into a non-fractional programming problem based on Dinkelbach method, and then the block coordinate descent method is used to decompose the original complex problem into three independent sub-problems. Finally, the successive convex approximation method is used to solve the trajectory optimization sub-problem. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme and algorithm have obvious energy efficiency gains compared with the comparison scheme.

Topic: UAV Applications and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An Amine-Decorated Pores Metal Organic Framework CAU-1: High and Selective CO2 Uptake

The amine-decorated microporous metal-organic framework CAU-1 was readily synthesized and activated using a home made efficient protocol. It exhibited a high heat of adsorption for CO2, high CO2 uptake capacity, and an impressive selectivity for CO2 over N2. At 273 K and up to 1 atm, CO2 uptake capacity can reach as much as 7.2 mmol/g, which is among the highest uptake capacity reported so far for porous MOFs. Comparatively, the CH4 and N2 uptakes at 273 K and 1 atm were only 1.34 mmol/g and 0.37 mmol/g, respectively. The CO2/N2 selectivity was 101:1 at 273 K. To our best knowledge, this selectivity value is also the highest ever reported for MOF type materials. Furthermore, CAU-1 can adsorb 2.0 wt % and 4.0 wt % hydrogen at 77 K under l atm and 30 atm, \nrespectively.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Strategies to Develop Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges for Smart Drug Delivery

In recent years, the development of various cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs) has gained great importance in the controlled and-or targeted release of drugs due to their versatility and simple preparation. In this chapter, an introduction of different administration routes is explained. Further, different ways to obtain CD-NSs and their classification are shown with a brief explanation of the characterization of the inclusion complexes. Finally, illustrative examples in diverse processes or diseases will be reviewed and explained to demonstrate the potential of CD-NSs. Therefore, this division will serve to compile information on CD-NSs in recent years and to illustrate to readers how to generate and apply different derivatives of interest.

Topic: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Statistical thinking for engineers - what, why, and how?

Many leaders in the quality profession, Dr. Deming being the foremost among them, have emphasized the need for engineers to have the ability to think statistically in order to understand and solve problems occurring in populations with variability. This article explains what statistical thinking is, why it is needed, and how the ability for it can be acquired. A series of real-world case studies show how statistical thinking helps in framing a physical problem in terms of statistical models, understanding the cause and effect relationships, and then devising solutions. A sample test is presented to define the range of statistical knowledge needed to gain the ability for statistical thinking.

Topic: Statistics Education and Methodologies
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Utilization of Protopine and Related Alkaloids. III. Acid Catalyzed Cyclization of Anhydromethylberberine. The Revised Structures for Hydroxyisoanhydrodihydromethyl-berberine and Isoanhydromethylberberine

When anhydromethylberberine derived from α-allocryptopine was treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, it gave three products, whose structures were identified to contain the spiro-type skelton instead of"Perkin's compound"by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Topic: Berberine and alkaloids research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of kayaking on balancing ability after sudden changes in direction

IntroductionDifferent sports influence the balancing ability variously.The aim of this study to examine the effect of kayaking on dynamical balancing ability after sudden changes in direction. MethodsThe investigation included 5 race-kayakists and 5 leisure-time sportsmen.Dynamical balancing ability have analyzed by the ultrasound-based sudden perturbation test (provocation test).A rigid platform have moved from its central position and fixed by a fastening unit.The rigid platform connected to a rigid frame by 4 or 8 steel springs of identical strength.The platform swings back into its original, resting position, stimulating sudden disturbances after releasing the fastening unit.The participant must balance and re-equilibrate as the plate moves.The motions of the rigid plate were recorded by an ultrasound-based system.From this motion the Lehr's damping ratio can be calculated and it characterizes the balancing ability of the investigated person. ResultsFor the kayakist group, the average values of the Lehr's damping ratio determined were significantly bigger while standing on one limb and on both limbs compared to the parameters for the control group. DiscussionA high level of complex coordination is required to regain equilibrium after a sudden change in direction.Sports activities can develop this ability.This investigation demonstrate that not only the traditional methods (a sudden stoppage from running, sudden setting in motion, jumping or changing in direction) but motion in a continuously moving media (in aqueous media) can also develop the balancing ability.During kayaking the media always changes; moreover, it often surges so persistent balancing is essential.The results draw attention to the fact that dynamic balancing ability can be developed by other than traditional methods.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparative micro computed tomography study of a vertebral body

Investigations of bony tissues are often performed using micro computed tomography based on X-rays, since the calcium distribution leads to superior contrast. Osteoporotic bone, for example, can be well compared with healthy one with respect to density and morphology. Degenerative and rheumatoid diseases usually start, however, at the bone-cartilage-interface, which is hardly accessible. The direct influence on the bone itself becomes only visible at later stage. For the development of suitable therapies against degenerative cartilage damages the exact three-dimensional description of the bone-cartilage interface is vital, as demonstrated for transplanted cartilage-cells or bone-cartilage-constructs in animal models. So far, the morphological characterization was restricted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with poor spatial resolution or to time-consuming histological sectioning with appropriate spatial resolution only in two rather arbitrarily chosen directions. Therefore, one should develop &mu;CT to extract the features of low absorbing cartilage. The morphology and the volume of the inter-vertebral cartilage disc of lumbar motion segments have been determined for one PMMA embedded specimen. Tomograms were recorded using nanotom&reg; (Phoenix|x-ray, Wunstorf, Germany), &mu;CT 35<sup>TM</sup> (Scanco Medical, Brütisellen, Switzerland), 1172<sup>TM</sup> and 1174<sup>TM</sup> (both Skyscan, Kontich, Belgium), as well as using the SR&mu;CT at HASYLAB/DESY. Conventional and SR&mu;CT can provide the morphology and the volume of cartilage between bones. Increasing the acquisition time, the signal-to-noise ratio becomes better and better but the prominent artifacts in conventional &mu;CT as the result of inhomogeneously distributed bony tissue prevents the exact segmentation of cartilage. SR&mu;CT allows segmenting the cartilage but requires long periods of expensive beam-time to obtain reasonable contrast.

Topic: Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Biophysics of Cancer: Emerging Insights from Micro‐ and Nanoscale Tools

Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease that is aberrant both biologically and physically. There is growing appreciation that physical abnormalities with both cancer cells and their microenvironment that span multiple length scales are important drivers for cancer growth and metastasis. The scope of this review is to highlight the key advancements in micro‐ and nanoscale tools for delineating the cause and consequences of the aberrant physical properties of tumors. Herein, the following three important physical aspects of cancer are focused: 1) solid mechanical properties, 2) fluid mechanical properties, and 3) mechanical alterations to cancer cells. Beyond posing physical barriers to the delivery of cancer therapeutics, these properties are also known to influence numerous biological processes, including cancer cell invasion and migration leading to metastasis, and response and resistance to therapy. There is a comment on how micro‐ and nanoscale tools have transformed the fundamental understanding of the physical dynamics of cancer progression and their potential for bridging toward future applications at the interface of oncology and physical sciences.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
e-Competencies 3.0

Europski odbor za normizaciju (CEN) objavio je 6. travnja ove godine prvu normu iz podrucja e‑kompetencija: EN 16234-1:2016 Okvir za e-Kompetencije – zajednicki europski okvir za ICT profesionalce u svim in‑ dustrijskim sektorima. Prvi dio - Okvir. Norma je rezultat dugogodisnjeg rada na usklađivanju nacionalnih okvira kom‑ petencija i zanimanja zemalja clanica i primjera najbolje prakse ICT industrije u Europskoj uniji.

Topic: Competency Development and Evaluation
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences