jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Histopathological and Histomorphometric studies on the effects of Olanzapine on Testis: An experimental study in Albino Rats

Introduction: Toxic effects of an antipsychotic drug on male gonad were explored experimentally. Olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug, has affinity for a wide range of receptors posing danger to the large variety of organs. Since olanzapine can bind to these receptors, a direct effect of these drugs on spermatogenesis is possible. Therefore testis, an organ least attended, has been selected in the present study. Material and Methods: Two groups of animals of the equal number were designed in such a way that the first group acted as control and second group acted as experimental. After histopathological comparison in the tissue of the testis, histomorphometric analysis was also performed to support the former. Twelve albino male rats were divided into two groups of six animals each. Olanzapine was injected in experimental rats in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Sections of both experimental and control testis were examined under light microscope for histopathological findings. Histomorphometric informations were also collected to support the former findings by using ocular and stage micrometers. Student's t-test was used to compare the control testis findings with the single variable experimental one. Results: Experimental testis showed intra and interlobular edema, compressed seminiferous tubules, thinning and fragmentation of basement membrane. Spermatogenic cells were smudgy and compressed by edema fluid. Blood vessels showed inflammatory cells in the lumen. Discussion and Conclusion: Olanzapine-induced testicular degeneration might lead to reduced libido, a fact of great social impact.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering velocity and translational temperature measurements in resistojets

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is demonstrated as a quantitative diagnostic in low-density flows by mapping H(2) velocity and translational temperature inside and outside the nozzle of a resistojet. A spatial resolution of better than 35 mum along the flow direction and 350 mum transverse to it was attained in a density as low as 5 x 10(15) cm(-3). The accuracy of the velocity, inferred from the Doppler shift of the Q (1) Raman resonance, was limited by the scan linearity of the laser to +/-0.2 km/s. Translational temperatures, inferred from linewidths and complicated by saturation and ac Stark effects, had an accuracy of ~20%. A discussion of applicability to molecular nitrogen is presented.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti

Crude extracts and essential oils of A. conyzoides were tested with larva and adult stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of A. conyzoides (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electron microscopic and histopathological studies were performed to determine the toxicological effects on mosquitoes in terms of morphological alterations. The six types of crude extracts exhibited no activity against individuals in the larval stages. However, six types of essential oils were effective against adult Ae. aegypti females. The mortality of adult Ae. aegypti females was higher from leaf extracts, particularly LP (median lethal dose, LD50 = 0.84%). The number of chemical constituents identified by GC-MS was high in flowers, especially W-P. Precocene I was the most abundant chemical component among the five types of essential oils, except in LP, in which precocene II was the most abundant. Histopathological alterations in adult Ae. aegypti females included compound eye degeneration, muscular damage with cellular infiltration, gut epithelial degeneration and necrosis, pyknotic nuclei in the malpighian epithelium and ovarian cell degeneration. FW and FP plant types exhibited the highest severity of histopathological alterations in mosquitoes compared with other plants, probably owing to the presence of monoterpene compounds in their tissues. The present study demonstrated LP plant extracts from A. conyzoides could be effective adulticides against adult Ae. aegypti. As natural products are biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity to mammalian and non-target organisms, they are suitable candidates for use in vector control programmes.

Topic: Insect Pest Control Strategies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Amphiphilic Benzothiazolium Azo Dyes and Behavior of Their Monolayers on a Water Surface.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The fuzzy theory and women writers in the late eighteenth century

'Fuzzy Theory and Women Writers in the Late Eighteenth Century' contends&#13;\nthat women writers require more careful critical treatment, and suggests that critics&#13;\nare still bound by the outdated logic of the Law of the Excluded Middle. This law,&#13;\nfirst formulated by Aristotle, and developed by Gottfried Leibniz in the early&#13;\neighteenth century, indicates that where there are two contradictory prepositions, one&#13;\nmust be true and the other false; a female writer must, therefore, either be feminine or&#13;\nmasculine, conservative or radical. The twentieth century concept of Fuzzy logic,&#13;\nhowever, helped mathematicians and engineers to manage reasoning that was only&#13;\napproximate, rather than exact. Borrowing from this, the thesis will employ the&#13;\nFuzzy Set Theory, which permits the gradual assessment of elements in a set, rather&#13;\nthan relying on elements that are assessed in binaric terms (the principle of bivalence,&#13;\nor, contradiction). Put simply, the Fuzzy Set Theory does away with binaries, the Law&#13;\nof the Excluded Middle, and the Law of Contradiction, allowing subjects to be&#13;\nimprecise, and changeable. Thus, each chapter will construct a Fuzzy Set by which a&#13;\nvariety of eighteenth century debates, with which women writers engaged, can be&#13;\nexamined. The thesis will show that all such concepts are subjective and unstable—&#13;\nchangeable and open to personal interpretation, and will discuss such writers as Mary&#13;\nWollstonecraft, Catherine Macaulay, Charlotte Smith, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Mary&#13;\nHays, Lucy Aikin, Hannah More and Joanna Southcott.

Topic: American and British Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Geological position and origin of augen gneisses from the Polička Unit, eastern Bohemian Massif

Augen gneisses are a peculiar lithological type of the Polička Unit (PU), which can be divided into two main petrographic groups: augen metagranitoids and migmatitic augen gneisses.Both of the groups represent products of magmatic and metamorphic processes along the contact between the Svratka and Polička units in the eastern Bohemian Massif.Tonalitic to granodioritic synkinematic intrusions were emplaced into metasedimentary rocks of the Polička Unit during the Late Variscan orogeny, forming plutonic bodies and dykes.Residual fluids from granitic melts pervasively infiltrated the metasedimentary protolith causing a fluid-enhanced partial melting.The P-T conditions of partial melting in the southern part of the PU were estimated at ~ 750-800 °C and 7 kbar.Melting produced porphyroblastic migmatites with a granite composition.The characteristic augen textures developed from granitic and migmatitic protoliths during a high-temperature deformation in subsolidus conditions.Both the augen metagranitoids and the migmatitic augen gneisses were affected by a subsequent deformation in the shear zone related with thrusting of the Polička Unit over the Svratka Unit.

Topic: Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
CSD 2132689: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The complexity of the stock market

The stock market is a complex system, somewhere between the domains of order and randomness. Ordered systems are simple and predictable, and random systems are inherently unpredictable. Simple theories do not adequately describe security pricing, nor is pricing random. Rather, the market is permeated by a web of interrelated return effects. Substantial computational power is needed to disentangle, model, and exploit these return regularities.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Family Support, Friends' Support And Significant Others On Self Efficacy In Women Islamic Students

Female students face additional stress and difficulties in adjusting to higher education which has a negative impact on academic achievement. This is because of the dual roles played by female students, so social support is needed in forming self-efficacy in female students to achieve learning goals. This research aims to examine the relationship between family support, friend support and significant others on self-efficacy in female Islamic students. In this research, researchers used a quantitative method with 286 female Islamic student subjects with the sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling technique.In this study, researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel 8.8 to test the validity of the measuring instrument. In looking at descriptive statistics, the researcher uses SPSS 23 software. The conclusion obtained from the results of this research is that there is a significant and positive influence between social support and self-efficacy of Islamic students of 0.109 or 10.9% while the remaining 80.1% is influenced by other variables outside the research.. Based on testing the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable in this study, there are three dimensions with significant regression coefficient values, namely: the dimensions of family support and significant others. Apart from that, there is one dimension of social support that is not significant, namely the support friends dimension.

Topic: Student Stress and Coping
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Close Look at Proteins: Submolecular Resolution of Two- and Three-Dimensionally Folded Cytochrome c at Surfaces

Imaging of individual protein molecules at the single amino acid level has so far not been possible due to the incompatibility of proteins with the vacuum environment necessary for high-resolution scanning probe microscopy. Here we demonstrate electrospray ion beam deposition of selectively folded and unfolded cytochrome c protein ions on atomically defined solid surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (10(-10) mbar) and achieve unprecedented resolution with scanning tunneling microscopy. On the surface folded proteins are found to retain their three-dimensional structure. Unfolded proteins are observed as extended polymer strands displaying submolecular features with resolution at the amino acid level. On weakly interacting surfaces, unfolded proteins refold into flat, irregular patches composed of individual molecules. This suggests the possibility of two-dimensionally confined folding of peptides of an appropriate sequence into regular two-dimensional structures as a new approach toward functional molecular surface coatings.

Topic: Ion-surface interactions and analysis
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prediction and Optimization of Biogas Production from OMW Digestion Using Fenton Pre-Treatment Process with Particle Swarm Optimization

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) has a high impact the environment.OMW has a high organic load, as well as high hazardous properties and low biodegradability.This necessitates the development and optimization of innovative treatment technologies.The classic Fenton's process (FP), which acts under environmental circumstances, offers an interesting option.The focus of this research is to investigate the FP (at various H2O2 concentrations and Fe +2 /H2O2 ratios) influences OMW's anaerobic digestion (AD).The results revealed that the higher removal efficiency of TCOD, BOD5, and polyphenols was achieved at FP-2-2 (2 g/kgVS of H2O2 concentrations and a ratio of 0.006 of Fe +2 /H2O2 (w/w)), which attained higher biogas yield (0.311 Nm 3 /kgVS) and CH4 content (68.3%).The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was developed to model and optimize biogas and CH4 production by detecting the optimal TCOD, BOD5, and polyphenol reduction by implementing various FPs.According to the PSO model, the optimum values of H2O2 and Fe +2 / H2O2 ratio were 2.0256 g/kgVS and 0.00608 for maximum removal efficiency of TCOD, 2.0019 g/kgVS for maximum removal efficiency of BOD5, and 2.0679 g/kgVS for maximum removal efficiency of polyphenols.Also, the curve fitting cftool was used by the MATLAB program to predict the biogas production at a different dose of FP.The result of fitting showed a good agreement between actual and predicted results.

Topic: Advanced oxidation water treatment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in clinical practice and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool future directions

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool is a free, online fracture risk calculator which can be used to predict 10-year fracture risk for women and men over age 50 years. It incorporates seven clinical risk factors and bone density to give a 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. This dynamic tool can be used with patients at the bedside to help guide treatment decisions. There are some limitations to Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, with the most central limitation being the fact that inputs are binary. Much research has been done to try to refine Fracture Risk Assessment Tool to allow for more accurate risk prediction, and this article describes the data for adjusting Fracture Risk Assessment Tool depending on the clinical scenario such as the dose of glucocorticoid use, presence of diabetes and others. Recently, the new FRAXplus tool has been developed to address many of these concerns and will likely replace the old Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in the future. At the current time, it is available in beta form.

Topic: Bone health and osteoporosis research
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Quality cost indicator: Reassessing the effects of health outcomes on healthcare expenditure. A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background: Healthcare expenditure has increased rapidly over the last decades. Despite conceptual differences, healthcare expenditure and health outcomes play a significant role in Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and Value Based Health Care (VBHC). Better health outcomes can prevent additional costs to treat symptoms, adverse events and/or comorbidities. Therefore a partially inverse relationship between health outcomes and healthcare expenditure can be expected. Because it can be quite difficult to utilize this relationship to one’s benefit we developed a framework to model the relationship and tested it for breast cancer and bariatric surgery. Methods: The Quality Cost Indicator is calculated as QCI = 100 – average total costs / (resulting outcome ^2 * 100) and rests on three main measures. (1) Optimal outcome which is accomplished when patients meet all the defined health outcomes which differs per diagnoses/treatment; (2) Resulting outcome, the proportion of patients who accomplish optimal outcomes divided by the total patient population; (3) Average total costs, all costs related to the treatment including costs of AEs and comorbidities. Costs were determined using the Dutch cost price model. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if costs of patients achieving optimal outcome were lower than costs of those who did not. Results: For the bariatric surgery population, 60.75% of patients reached optimal outcome excluding health related quality of life (HRQoL) and 60.74% including HRQoL. For breast cancer surgery 86.88% (excluding HRQoL) achieved optimal outcome. In the bariatric population (excluding HRQoL) and the Breast cancer population, patients achieving optimal outcome had significantly lower cost than those who didn’t. With € 8,442.48 vs. € 9,546.89 (p &lt; .001) and €11,565.65 vs. € 16,119.56 (p &lt; .001) respectively. For both populations QCI values were highest in 2020 Q4 as costs were average and optimal outcome was highest. Conclusions: The QCI framework is useful for modeling the partially inverse relationship between health outcomes and medical costs in bariatric and breast surgery. Future research should indicate if the QCI framework is applicable to other (non-surgical) treatments. Finally, comparing hospitals using the QCI framework could be helpful for comparing/optimizing health outcomes and costs.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Kinetics of Circulating Cell-Free DNA for Biomedical Applications: Critical Appraisal of the Literature

Circulating cell-free DNA is considered as one of the major breakthroughs in the field of innovative diagnosis, used as a liquid biopsy. The kinetic parameters of a biomarker are mandatory to assess its usefulness as a diagnostic tool. Obtaining precise mathematical values for the kinetic parameters (e.g., half-life) is then crucial because it could be used for therapeutic monitoring as a prognostic factor. However, little is known about the intrinsic properties of circulating cell-free DNA, more especially, its kinetic properties within the organism. We summarized the basic principles that may affect the kinetics of circulating cell-free DNA within the organism in the light of biological and clinical evidence. We also meta-analyzed the reported data in the literature and the methodologies that have been used to study the kinetic parameters of human circulating cell-free DNA <i>in vivo</i>.

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Self-Adapting Chatbot Personalities for Better Peer Support

Studies have shown that people relate better with other people who have similar personality characteristics as themselves. This is helpful in peer support scenarios where people should be receptive to receiving support and advice from others. In this paper we propose a chatbot personality model and an algorithm that enables the chatbot to adapt its personality in real-time as it interacts in conversation with the user. Our model is based on the Big Five personality model and we focus on two key personality traits, Extroversion and Agreeableness. The personality adaption algorithm uses an interactive genetic algorithm. We have exposed the chatbot to a controlled set of interactions and a user and the results show that the algorithms are capable of adapting personality traits to match the identified traits of the user. In the next phase of our experimentation we will expose the chatbot to healthcare professionals.

Topic: Digital Mental Health Interventions
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Free-Space Optical Gateway Placement in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The capacity of wireless mesh networks (WMN) must usually be upgraded as usage demands evolve over time. This is normally done by adding gateways which serve to increase the backhaul capacity of the network. In this paper we consider adding capacity in this manner using free-space optical (FSO) backhaul links. To accomplish this, we formulate a joint clustering and gateway placement problem which includes the strong rate-distance dependence of practical FSO links. The formulation incorporates the positions of existing wireline gateways and minimizes the number of additional hybrid-FSO/RF gateways which are needed to satisfy the target capacity requirements. After showing the complexity of the problem, a solution that is motivated by genetic algorithms is proposed. The performance of our algorithm is then compared to an optimal solution generated via an integer linear program (ILP) for small WMNs. The proposed algorithm is then modified to allow for balancing the traffic load that is carried by each gateway in the WMN. Many scenarios are considered which demonstrate the value of using FSO backhaul links to obtain post-deployment capacity upgrades in response to changes in user traffic. </para>

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tussilagone inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress to alleviate acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinical emergency characterized by elevated levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, urging the need for the development of new and more efficacious treatments. Tussilagone (TSL), a compound from Tussilago farfara flower buds, is known to exhibit diverse properties, including anti-inflammatory activity, but its precise role in AP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated TSL’s impact on the progression of AP. To establish AP animal models, mice were intraperitoneally administered hyranolin. Our findings demonstrate that TSL effectively suppresses the progression of AP in these mice and decreases inflammation in their pancreatic tissues, as evidenced by reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, TSL also mitigates neutrophil infiltration into the pancreatic tissues of AP-afflicted mice and alleviates oxidative stress in AP mice, as confirmed by the measurements of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p &lt; 0.05). Remarkably, TSL exerts its inhibitory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In conclusion, TSL can mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress, offering potential as a promising therapeutic agent for AP.

Topic: Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences