jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tunable frequency ferromagnetic resonance of Co nanowire arrays

In order to overcome the current limitations of metallic systems for microwave applications, columnar arrays of Co nanowires with variable wire lengths were electrochemically grown using anodic alumina membranes with thickness of ~100 μm and pore diameters around 70 nm. The Co nanowires tend to present a strong hcp-magnetocrystalline anisotropy directed in the plane perpendicular to the wires axis. The combination of shape anisotropy directed along the wire axis (depending on the wire length) and the hcp magneto-crystalline anisotropy (due to structure) causes a shift from in-plane to out-of-plane spontaneous magnetization with relevant saturation and remanence magnetization values. Different types of magnetic behavior may then lead to ferromagnetic resonance frequencies shifting from 20 to 40 GHz at zero applied field.

Topic: Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Academic Ethics of Graduate Students at Yarmouk University: From the Point of View of the Students Themselves

The study aims to identify the reality and degree of commitment of postgraduate students to ethical behaviors from the students' own point of view, and to identify the statistical differences of the reality of academic ethics according to the variables of gender, college and academic degree. The sample of the study consisted of (270) male and female postgraduate students, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions, the questionnaire- based survey approach was followed. The results showed that the degree of commitment to academic ethics among postgraduate students was average in all fields, where the arithmetic mean about the reality of the degree of commitment to academic ethics was (3.50) and mean of the ethics of human and community relations was (2.85). Results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (α 0.05). According to the difference in the gender variable and in favor of males, and there were no differences in relation to the variable of the college to which the student belongs. Therefore, it is imperative for the Jordanian universities to enhance and develop the degree of commitment to ethics among students in general, whether inside or outside universities.

Topic: Academic integrity and plagiarism
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability of a borehole drilled in a chemically active shale

This paper is concerned with the change in stress, pore pressure, and salt concentration taking place in a chemically active shale around a borehole filled with a drilling fluid which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the saturating fluid. We first derive a phenomenological Biot type theory of chemoporoelasticity. This theory can be degenerated into two limiting cases, one corresponding to the absence of any chemical interaction, and the other one which can be characterized as a perfect ion exclusion membrane theory. The equations are then specialized to solve initial boundary value problems, characterized by an irrotational displacement field. Finally, the Laplace transformed field equations are solved explicitly for the borehole problem.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Recent Trends of the Inland Fishery of Basrah Government, Iraq

The fish species caught in the inland fishery of Basrah were recorded from seven landing sites between January and December 2022. A total of 14 types of fish from four families were identified in this fishery. The most commonly caught fish were exotic species such as Cyprinus carpio and tilapia species. In contrast, the landings of significant native freshwater fish that are characteristic of Mesopotamian aquatic environments, such as Carasobarbus luteus, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, and Arabibarbus grypus, dropped considerably. The total fish landing has been steadily increasing since 2009, indicating a positive trend in the overall landing. This growth may be attributed to the expansion of fishing activities and the prevalence of exotic species due to the degradation of the water ecosystem in Southern Iraq. From a fisheries management viewpoint, it is essential to maintain native stocks in the aquatic ecosystems in southern Iraq involving regional cooperation between Iraq, Turkey and Iran to secure the appropriate quantities of water for Iraq from the upper Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, strengthening the stocks of economically native fish by artificially propagating them and then releasing juvenile species into natural waters, and restrict the reproduction of carps and confining them to fish farms, and finally minimizing the impacts of tilapia species by intensifying the fishing activities.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Factor analysis of cerebrospinal fluid spread in glioblastoma].

<b>Objective:</b> To analyze the prognosis factors of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spread after surgery in glioblastoma (GBM) patients when tumors progressed and the effect factors on prognosis. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted on 124 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as glioblastoma after surgery, and found tumor progressed during regularly follow-up at Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2009 and August 2017.There were 82 males and 42 females, aged 47.9 years(range: 19 to 75 years) .Patients were divided into local recurrence group(96 cases) and CSF spread group (28 cases) .Clinical data were recorded in detail and compared by independent sample <i>t</i> test or χ(2) test.Kaplan-Meier survival curves was used to demonstrated the distribution of progression free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS) and post progression survival (PPS), and differences between local recurrence and CSF spread groups were assessed by Log-rank test.Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. <b>Results:</b> Logistics regression analysis showed ventricle entry was the only prognosis factor of CSF spread (<i>OR=</i>2.667, 95<i>% CI</i>: 1.128 to 6.304, <i>P=</i>0.025).No significant distinction was observed in PFS between CSF spread group and local recurrence group(7.0 months <i>vs</i>.9.3 months, <i>P=</i>0.066).However, OS and PPS were substantially shortened in CSF spread group (13.0 months <i>vs</i>.23.0 months, <i>P=</i>0.011; 6.0 months <i>vs</i>.11.0 months, <i>P=</i>0.022, respectively).Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene, distant spread, gross-total resection, Ki-67 index>30% were independent prognostic factors of GBM patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ventricle entry is a prognosis factor for CSF spread, after which the median OS and PPS are markedly diminished.However, ventricle entry is not independent prognosis factor shortening survival.

Topic: Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The politics of voicelessness: voices of community elders in ethic and religious minorities in the Philippines

The study aims to examine the phenomena of minoritization, which involves the imposition of the beliefs and culture of dominant groups onto minority groups, leading to social exclusion and conflicts. The study utilizes data analysis to identify themes related to the process of minoritization. The study illustrates that minoritization occurs when dominant groups perceive themselves as superior and endeavor to dominate others, resulting in violence, oppression, and social exclusion. This study focuses on the perspectives of grassroots voices, going beyond traditional inquiries on equalities between different groups to provide a deeper insight into the systemic challenges encountered by minority communities. It emphasizes attributes such as dominant groups imposing their beliefs on others, perceiving them as inferior, and forcing them to adopt their culture or traditions. To address the issue of minoritization, the study emphasizes the importance of carrying out dialogues at all levels, promoting understanding across various cultures and religions, implementing policies that protect the rights of minority groups, and preventing systematic minoritization. This study enhances broader discussions on inclusivity and equality through exploring its findings in relation to global issues of prejudice. It advocates for the increased recognition and valued of minority voices in society. This emphasizes the need for holistic strategies that promote mutual respect among different communities and prevent conflicts arising from social exclusion.

Topic: Philippine History and Culture
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular dynamics in liquid-crystalline side chain polymers studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy: A comparative study

Abstract A series of liquid-crystalline side chain copolymers with different main chains have been studied by the dielectric method in a maximum frequency range of 9 decades. Oriented samples were used throughout. The data were analysed in terms of the Havriliak-Negami and Fuoss-Kirkwood formulae for the relaxation functions. Two well separated dispersion regions with their strengths depending strongly on the macroscopic orientation were found. The low frequency or δ-relaxation shows a marked change in its curve form and width with different main chain structure, its strength being determined by the longitudinal dipole moment of the mesogenic unit. The high frequency relaxation shows a more complicated dependence of its characteristic parameters on the molecular structure. In some cases a decomposition into two underlying relaxations was successfully attempted. We discuss the models for molecular motions developed for low molecular weight liquid crystals and for amorphous polymers, in order to explain the behaviour of the different dispersions found.

Topic: Material Dynamics and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Application of Lean Tool (Value Stream Mapping) in Minimisation of the Non-Value Added Waste (A Case Study of Tractor Industry)

Lean manufacturing has been proved to be an effective management philosophy for improving businesses in a competitive market by eliminating non-value added waste and improving in process operations. Value stream mapping is an important tool used to identify the opportunities for various lean techniques. The present research mainly focuses on the description of a model that is developed to contrast the “before” and “after” scenarios in detail in order to obtain the various benefits such as reduced production lead time, lower work in process inventory [1] and proper utilisation of the workforce. The current manufacturing system has been compared with the proposed pull (Kanban) system which shows the benefits of the proposed lean manufacturing system over the existing traditional manufacturing system. The present research work has been carried out at typical tractor industry which shows 50.5% reduction in total lead time in the future state value mapping of the crank case and the number of operators involved in processing of crank case has also been reduced from 22 to 18.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental Study on the Primary Conversion Performance of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Using a Double Slit Breakwater

One of the most abundant sources of energy that exists in this world is ocean wave energy. The combination of an Oscillating Water Column type wave energy converter that converts wave energy into electrical energy through the up and down motion of external waves and a Double Slit breakwater with coastal protection functions is expected to reduce the cost of the system. In this study, the air pressure change of the Oscillating Water Column wave energy converter, the water surface fluctuation in the air chamber, and the efficiency of converting wave power to air power by regular waves with different wave heights, wave periods, and two different nozzle ratios were clarified using the oscillating water column wave energy converter installed in a Double slit breakwater. This experiment was conducted at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Ashikaga University using a physical model and the wave tank testing. The results showed that when the air chamber was placed in front of a double-slit breakwater, the efficiency occurred at short and long periods, but decreased at a certain period. Good efficiency was also obtained when the nozzle ratio was about 1/75.

Topic: Wave and Wind Energy Systems
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thermal transport in high electron mobility transistors: A Boltzmann transport equation study

AlGaN/GaN based high electron mobility transistors (AG-HEMTs) are strong candidates for the future high power and high frequency applications. But the formation of hot-spots and high temperature in these localized regions can limit their applications due to performance degradation and break-down. Understanding the underlying thermal transport processes will be an important step towards solving heat dissipation challenges in these devices. The objectives of the current study is to develop a multi-scale thermal transport model based on Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) to predict the hot-spot temperature accurately for a given bias voltage. At present, there are no reliable models to predict the energy (temperature) distribution near the hot spot in these devices. We developed coupled electro-thermal model to extract key information about hot-spot location and dissipated power. This information is further utilized to investigate the thermal performance of the device using BTE based model which can provide detailed view of the non-equilibrium nature of the phonon transport in the hot-spot. The interface between GaN and silicon substrate is treated with diffusive mismatch model (DMM). We calculated the spatial temperature distribution in a GaN device on silicon substrate and estimated the maximum temperature of hot spots. We also compared BTE and Fourier models for estimating the temperature distribution and found that Fourier model would significantly under predict the hot spot temperature. The multi-scale model can be used to investigate thermal transport in multi-finger devices and to explore the effect of cross-talk between different fingers.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Peripherally tetra 1,2,4-triazol substituted novel phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties

Bu calismada, yeni peripheral 1,2,4-triazol substitue metalsiz 4 , Zn(II) 5 , Ti(IV) 6, Ni(II) 7 ve Co(II) 8 ftalosiyanin turevlerinin sentezi, elektrokimyasal ve spektroelektrokimyasal ozellikleri rapor edilmistir. Komplekslerin voltametrik ve in situ spektroelektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu cozelti icinde gerceklestirildi. Nikel ve cinko ftalosiyaninler karakteristik olarak ortak “enerji araligi”,” pikten pike potansiyel ayrimlar” ve “yarim dalga pik potansiyel degerleri” ile ftalosiyanin halka bazli elektron transfer reaksiyonu verirken, kobalt ve titanyum ftalosiyanin komplekslerinin kavitesinde bulunan Co II ve Ti IV O metal iyonlari redoks aktif katyon olarak davranmistir. Kobalt ftalosiyanin indirgenme reaksiyonunda bir elektron [Co II Pc -2 ]/ [Co I Pc -2 ] -1 verirken, titanyum ftalosiyanin Pc ligand indirgenme islemine ek olarak, iki tane metal bazli indirgenme reaksiyonu [Ti IV OPc -2 ]/[Ti III OPc -2 ] -1 ve [Ti III OPc -2 ] -1 /[Ti III OPc -2 ] -2 gostermistir. Elektron transfer reaksiyonlari komplekslerin spektrumlarini oldukca degistirmistir. Bu durum komplekslerin ozellikle goruntuleme teknolojisinde pratik uygulamalarda en onemli beklentidir. Kobalt ve titanyum komplekslerinin redoks ve spektral yanitlari elektrolitte var olan molekuler oksijen tarafindan etkilenmistir. Bu da komplekslerin molekuler oksijene karsi elektrokatalitik ve elektosensor aktivitesini gostermektedir.

Topic: Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 2: of Rapid virulence prediction and identification of Newcastle disease virus genotypes using third-generation sequencing

Figure S1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of AAvVs. Samples 6–14 and 43 are AAvVs other than AAvV-1. A DNA ladder (100 bp) was loaded into lane L. A no-template control was loaded into lane N. Bright bands show the amplified target region of AAvA-1 genome (expected product size 832 bp). See Table S1 for key to lanes. An unexpected product of approximately 1100 bp was identified in samples #19, #20, #21, #31, and #32. Analysis of these genomes identified a second potential primer binding site. Additionally, two consensus sequences were obtained from these samples. One was the expected amplicon, and the second was a 1067 bp sequence that corresponded to the predicted second primer binding site (data not shown) and included the targeted amplicon sequence. (DOCX 840 kb)

Topic: Virology and Viral Diseases
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Influence of Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size and Assets Structure on Capital Structure of Mining Companies That are Registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange

Users of financial statements require financial information from the company to analyze the financial performance of the company concerned. Financial ratios can be used as a tool to find out the future Capital Structure. This study focuses on the usefulness of Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure to see Capital Structure in the future. In this study used 3 financial ratios. This study aims to determine the effect of partial and simultaneous Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure to Capital Structure at Mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling where all the population was sampled by 10 companies for the study period of 2009-2014. The test used in this research is descriptive statistic, classical assumption test (normality test, multicolinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test), multiple linear regression is used as an analytical tool, to test the hypothesis (ttest and F-test), and test the coefficient of determination . The results of statistical tests show that partially Return On Assets, Return On Equity and Assets Structure have a significant effect on Capital Structure, while Current Ratio, Firm Size has no effect on Capital Structure (Debt To Equity Ratio) in the future. Then, Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure simultaneously influence sìgnifìkan against Capital Structure (Debt To Equity Ratio) in the future. Thus the users of financial statements can consider these ratios as a tool of consideration in decision making. The result of determination coefficient 41,5% indicate that 41,5% variation of Capital Structure value influenced by Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Assets Structure, the rest 58,5% influenced by variable Others not examined in this study.

Topic: Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Grounding the Computational Principles of Language in Neurobiology Requires Cross-Modal and Cross-Linguistic Data

Murphy’s discussion (2025) of his recent ROSE model includes explicit linking hypotheses connecting computational, algorithmic, and implementational levels in the study of language and its neurobiological basis. Here, I argue that establishing the neural basis of the abstract principles underlying natural language syntax will require new data from sign languages, tactile sign languages, as well as typologically diverse spoken languages. The assumption of modality-independent processes for structure building lies at the heart of ROSE, but the proposed correlates for hierarchical and sequential operations must be subjected to empirical test across languages and modalities in the future.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Igualdade de género e práticas de gestão de recursos humanos

Assuming that there are asymmetries and imbalances between women and men in the organizations, motivated by difficulties in reconciling professional, family and personal life, which if overtaken by conciliatory human resources management practices may generate benefits for workers and companies, this work intends to present a case study to evaluate the contribution of human resources management for the promotion of gender equality, in terms of reconciling professional, family and personal life. In this manner, we aim to characterize the human resources management practices promoting gender equality in the port setor company, and to analyze the perception and the difficulties that workers have in reconciling work, family and personal life. The preparation of this case study required the use of several techniques to collect qualitative data through analysis of public documents of the company, and techniques to collect quantitative data by applying a questionnaire to the universe of company workers. With this research a series of relevant results were obtained, which can help human resources management to further contribute to the needs of reconciling professional, family and personal life, and contribute to promote benefits for the organizations in the implementation of practices enhancing gender equality.

Topic: Business and Management Studies
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences