jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Practical issues of ensuring maritime safety measures considering environmental consequences of accidents

The article explores the main risk areas in maritime navigation related to human factors, equipment failures and severe weather conditions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the environmental consequences of maritime accidents, in particular oil spills and degradation of marine ecosystems. The provisions of international conventions on safety of navigation (SOLAS, COLREG-72, ISM Code) and modern approaches to risk management, including crew training, process automation, technical condition monitoring and environmental protection, are considered. Of particular scientific value is the proposed system of mathematical models for assessing environmental risk, which take into account the probability of an accident, the amount of pollution, the sensitivity of the marine environment, and economic losses. The presented models provide for making informed decisions on planning preventive measures and optimizing actions in emergency situations. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of investments in crew training, monitoring and automation systems, which demonstrates the ability of such measures to significantly reduce the level of risks and ensure sustainable shipping safety. An integrated approach that combines technical, human and environmental factors creates a scientific basis for developing an effective maritime risk management strategy.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of Polysomnographic Parameters on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in 2012

Background & objectives : O bstructive sleep apnea is a preventable and prevalent major health hazard with serious health consequences including excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive disturbances, depression, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder affecting 2 to 4% of the adult population. The continuous positive airway pressur e (CPAP) i s the most efficacious therapy and is often the first option for these patients. The pressure titration during laboratory polysomnography is required for treatment by CPAP. Methods: The patients with obstructive sleep apnea requiring continuous positive airway pressure treatment were selected . CPAP titration was done according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine protocol. Comparison among continuous positive airway pressure with polysomnographic parameters was performed and analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. For analysis of qualitative parameters, we used chi-square and then checked with SPSS version 18 software. Results: From 125 patients with obstructive sleep apnea, there were 112 cases with inclusion criteria. Mean age of participants was 55.07 ± 12, male frequency was 59.2%, apnea hypopnea index was 43.62 and mean continuous positive airway pressure was 12.50 . There was significant relationship among the pressure of continuous positive airway pressure with apnea hypopnea index (P=0.028), arousal index (P=0.011), body mass index (P=0.041) and O2 desaturation index (P=0.022), although age was not significantly related. Conclusion: In accordance to this data, we found out a prediction equation for optimal CPAP in our patients

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Modular Tibial Insert Micromotion

This study investigates micromotion between modular tibial components, one of the causes of wear on the undersurface of polyethylene inserts. The authors measured motion at the interface of nine contemporary total knee implant designs by mechanically testing the implants in a servohydraulic testing machine. Anteroposterior and mediolateral motion between the tibial insert and baseplate were measured with an extensometer placed across the interface. These tests revealed that in all implants analyzed, sufficient motion occurred to create fretting at the modular interface. Although the testing configuration in this study was not a simulation of in situ loading patterns, the authors observed hundreds of microns of motion even under a 100 N load and variability between implants of the same design, showing that there is room for improvement among locking mechanisms in modular total knee implants.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of the connections between sport-based programming and crime prevention. Many sport-based youth programmes purport to prevent youth crime or youth involvement in gangs. Sports stand with several other activities (for example, education, mentoring, religious teaching, and volunteering) that may spur positive social development among children and youth. Crime prevention strategies have tried to build on the popularity and benefits of sports activities to promote youth development and to influence risk and resiliency factors associated with criminal involvement. Various sport-based crime prevention programmes have been implemented but very few of them have been subjected to a rigorous evaluation. When research has been done, the relationship between these programmes and desistance from crime was difficult to disentangle. In addition to identifying the problem to be addressed, this chapter questions how much is known about the phenomenon because of lack of theorizing and rigorous research in the area.

Topic: Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Grating lobe prediction and deconvolution for synthetic aperture sonar

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) arrays are typically undersampled in the sense that the array element spacing is much larger than the acoustic wavelength. Grating lobes are suppressed by making a judicious choice of beampattern nulls for the transmit and receive elements, such as a 3:2 ratio for the length of the transmit and receive elements. However, grating lobe artifacts can appear in SAS imagery when the target strength difference between a highly reflective object and the surrounding seabed exceeds the sidelobe level of the synthetic array. We present a theoretical model of the SAS point scattering function (PSF) that takes into account shaded element beampatterns for a multichannel SAS array. The PSF model is validated using experimental data from AquaPix, a wideband 300 kHz interferometric SAS. In practice, observed SAS images are described by the convolution of the seabed reflectivity with the PSF. Therefore, knowledge of the PSF facilitates the removal of grating lobe artifacts using deconvolution techniques such as the Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Conventional and deconvolved SAS images of a highly reflective target are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of deconvolution based on the modeled PSF.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trade Liberalization and Symmetric Wage-Gap

From the above discussions it is clear that in the standard 2x2x2 HOS framework or its specific-factor variant, trade liberalization must affect the wage-gap asymmetrically in the North and South. Only when endowment differences across the nations are significant and technology exhibits factor intensity reversal, can we expect symmetric changes in the wage-gap as is empirically observed. But this is only a special case. Extension of the basic model to more than two factors of production also cannot explain the widening wage-gap phenomenon.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Electron Densities Below 100 Kilometers at Midlatitudes (<i>L</i> = 2.5–4.0) During Solar Minimum and Maximum Years: Preliminary Model Calculations

Electron production rates due to photoionization, q s (χ, h ), and particle precipitation, q p ( h ), have been calculated for the midlatitude ionosphere from 70 to 140 km for conditions typical of solar minimum and maximum years. A simple model in which E and D regions are defined by Lyman β, EUV (30–120 A), Lyman α, and X rays (2–10 A) is used. An atmospheric model having annual variations for the major constituents and a seasonally constant profile of nitric oxide is also incorporated in the calculations. Electron density profiles have been derived using recent estimates of α eff . Results of calculations are shown for solar zenith angles χ = 37° and 72°, typical of noon values for summer and winter seasons. Fluxes of precipitated electrons typical of geomagnetic midlatitudes (L = 2.5–3.5) are used. For both solar minimum and maximum years, the seasonal variations in q t (h) and N t (h) differ significantly from those of a Chapman layer, partly because production rates from 80 to 100 km due to particle precipitation are from 25 to 90% of the total. One aspect of the ‘heavily ionized’ winter lower ionosphere is discussed. Calculated diurnal variations in ionization for conditions typical of solar maximum years at higher latitudes ( L = 3.5–4.0) also reveal irregular variations with χ due to the particle precipitation contribution.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Milk production in the post-genomic era

Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Zinc uptake by <i>Neurospora</i>

Research Article| January 01 1949 Zinc uptake by Neurospora Irma Andersson-Kottö; Irma Andersson-Kottö 1The WennerGren Institute and the Institute for Research in Organic Chemistry, University of Stockholm Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Ch. Hevesy G. Ch. Hevesy 1The WennerGren Institute and the Institute for Research in Organic Chemistry, University of Stockholm Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 44 (4): 407–409. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440407 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Irma Andersson-Kottö, G. Ch. Hevesy; Zinc uptake by Neurospora. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 44 (4): 407–409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440407 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of the Topological Structures of the Nose of High-Speed Maglev Train on Aerodynamic Performances

Abstract In the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to high-speed maglev train in the field of rail transit. The design speed of the high-speed maglev train is 600km/h, which is significantly higher than that of the high-speed train. With the increase in operating speed, high-speed maglev trains have higher requirements for aerodynamic shape. Superior performance, the beautiful aerodynamic shape is an important direction for the development of high-speed maglev trains. Based on the Vehicle Modeling Function (VMF) method, the current research has developed a parametric shape design method suitable for the aerodynamic shape of the maglev train’s nose. This method can obtain different topological structures of the high-speed maglev train’s nose. The current research uses this method to generate four maglev train noses with large appearance differences and uses these train noses to construct four simplified high-speed maglev models. Then this study numerically analyzes the flow fields of different train models and compares the differences in aerodynamic performance including aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic lift and wake characteristics. The Q-criterion is used to study the vortex structure and mechanism of different train wake regions, and the vortex propagation process is studied by turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). Studying the difference in the aerodynamic force of different topological shapes will help to improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains.

Topic: Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD 9O-BC01-01-NF #161580.2

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.

Topic: Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Adiposity Markers as Predictors of 11-Year Decline in Maximal Walking Speed in Late Midlife

Background: Obesity is linked to poorer physical functioning in older adults, but impact of excess adiposity on loss of functional capacity in late midlife is unclear. This study examined associations between adiposity markers and 11-year change in maximal walking speed, a sensitive indicator of physical functioning, among adults aged 55 to 69 years. Method: Maximal walking speed over 6.1 m was assessed in 2000 and 2011 among Finnish men ( n = 409) and women ( n = 498) from the prospective Health 2000 Survey. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were assessed in 2000. Generalized estimating equation models estimated changes in maximal walking speed by BMI and waist circumference, stratified by sex. Results: BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 was associated with accelerated decline in maximal walking speed particularly in women. Associations with waist circumference were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Late midlife obesity may speed up the decline in functional capacity as measured by maximal walking speed, especially in women.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of Guided Inquiry-Oriented Electronic Student Worksheets to Improve Students’ Metacognitive Skills on Chemical Equlibirum Material

Metacognitive skills are important to train students in developing and improving 21st century skills. One of the efforts to train metacognitive skills in students by using relevant learning media, namely guided inquiry-oriented electronic student worksheets. This research aims to determine the feasibility of developing a guided-inquiry-oriented student e-worksheet to improve metacognitive skills on chemical equilibrium. The feasible to use, in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The method uses in this research is RD with a 4D model, but only reached the develop. The subjects of this studi amounted to 20 student of class XI-1 state senior high school of 21 Surabaya. This results obtained are that the student e-worksheet developed is feasible because the validity results the content and construct in mode 5 with a very valid category. The practicality results obtained a student response questionnaire of 95,29% in the very practical category and supported by the results of observations of student activities obtained a percentage of 92,78% in the very practical category. The effectiveness results was obtained from the pretest dan possttest results, which analyzed using the SPSS Paired Sample t-Test, the results showed that there was an increase in students’ metacognitivse skills, namely with a sig. value (two-sided p) 0.001.

Topic: Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Review of Depraetere (2011): Perspectives on Translation Quality

Preview this article: Ilse Depraetere (ed), Perspectives on Translation Quality, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/lic.13.2.07dru-1.gif

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Role of Wide Hybridization in Crop Improvement: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Wide hybridization, the crossing of genetically distant species or genera, has emerged as a pivotal strategy in crop improvement, offering the potential to introduce desirable traits and enhance genetic diversity. This review examines the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of wide hybridization in crop breeding. Wide hybridization has facilitated the incorporation of traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional profiles into various crops. These hybrids can often express hybrid vigour, leading to increased yield and robustness. However, the process presents significant challenges, including reproductive barriers, hybrid sterility, and genomic incompatibilities. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology, such as marker-assisted selection, genomic sequencing, and embryo rescue techniques, have played a crucial role in overcoming these barriers, making wide hybridization more feasible and effective. Additionally, the review highlights case studies of successful wide hybridization efforts in key crops like wheat, rice, and legumes, displaying the tangible benefits and contributions to food security and agricultural sustainability. Future prospects focus on the integration of cutting-edge technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 and genomic selection to further streamline the process and enhance the precision of trait incorporation. The collaboration between traditional breeding techniques and modern biotechnological approaches holds promise for addressing the growing challenges in global agriculture. This review underscores the importance of continued research and innovation in wide hybridization to unlock its full potential and drive the next generation of crop improvement strategies, ensuring resilient and productive agricultural systems in the face of climate change and population growth.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some methyloestratrienes; application to the mechanism of their formation

The 13C n.m.r. spectra of some methyloestratrienes have been assigned and the results have been used to locate the site of deuteriation in the products of an aromatization reaction, thus distinguishing between two reaction pathways.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of Nuclear Warhead Symmetry Detection by Compton Camera

Compton camera is a promising instrument for nuclear material imaging in arms control scenarios. In planning to build a Compton camera to detect the symmetry of shielded nuclear materials, the energy spectrum of gamma-rays escaping from the Steve Fetter Nuclear Warhead model is obtained using Monte Carlo simulation. Then, a point model is defined for our study. The proposed Compton camera uses a 5-cm × 5-cm × 1-mm double-sided silicon strips detector as the scattering detector and a segmented ϕ5.08 × 5.08-cm NaI(Tl) array as the absorbing detector. How high-energy gamma-rays impact low-energy characteristic gamma-ray imaging is studied. The result shows that high-energy gamma-rays will reduce the imaging accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. The holistic angle resolution measured can reach 4.15 deg by all characteristic gamma-rays. The symmetry research result shows that the Compton camera can detect the symmetry property of a nuclear warhead with obvious symmetry or asymmetry.

Topic: Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Possible biological properties and toxicity of Dysphania ambrosioides based on its chemical constituents

Collaborator RENORBIO Program.Leader of the research group Chemicalpharmacological prospecting of medicinal plants and derivatives in experimental models of ischemic heart disorders -CNPQ, with pharmacological and toxicological study of natural products, developing technological and invention products.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Prediction model updating using the Rose-200 oblique ionospheric sounder at mid and higher latitudes

Differences between predicted and measured maximum usable frequency (MUF) values arise due to the short-term temporal variability of the ionosphere, particularly at high latitudes, and the inability of statistically based ionospheric models, used in HF prediction programs, to predict these variabilities. Techniques, however, are being investigated to improve ionospheric models by incorporating real-time ionospheric measurements, obtained using oblique or vertical incidence sounders. A technique, termed 'updating' (Uffelman et al. 1982, and Goodman and Daehler 1988) has been used with the MINIMUF prediction program at mid-latitudes to improve the predicted MUF. It has also been demonstrated by Uffelman et al. how the updating results obtained from a single path can be spatially extrapolated to improve MUF predictions on other spatially distributed mid-latitude paths. The present paper investigates the applicability of the updating technique to mid and higher-latitude propagation paths. Oblique soundings are recorded using ROSE-200 (Radio Oblique Sounding Equipment), and the MUF values measured over the mid and higher-latitude paths are compared with updated MUF predictions made using the APPLAB prediction model. The investigations are performed during a period of low auroral activity and approximately 48 hours of data are analysed with updates being performed at 6 hourly intervals.&lt;&gt;

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences