jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Issue of Holding Meetings of Student Scientific Study Groups of a Medical University During the Period of Unfavorable Epidemiological Situation

This paper considers the «problem of choice» of holding meetings of student scientific circles of the departments of operative surgery with topographic anatomy (OKHITA) and medical informatics and statistics (MIIS) N.N. Burdenko VSMU. This topic is currently very relevant, since the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection continues in Russia and around the world. At the beginning of the article, the information on the use of specialized electronic programs and electronic educational environments in the complex educational process is provided; the issues of their use at various stages of distance learning during an unfavorable epidemiological situation are analysed. However, according to the authors, very little attention is paid to additional aspects of the complex educational process, which are various student comeptitions, student scientific circles and student scientific societies. The aim of the work was an attempt to determine the form of meetings of the Council of People's Commissars of departments of various orientations (theoretical and practical), to determine the attitude of the respondents themselves – representatives of the teaching staff and students to the form of holding meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, depending on the epidemiological situation, and also to choose the most suitable electronic educational environment or computer program. The objects of the study were 50 employees of various departments of N.N. Burdenko VSMU (from among the teaching staff, who made up 1 group of subjects) and 100 students of the medical faculty – 2 and 4 years (who made up the 2 and 3 groups of subjects). The study was based on anonymous questionnaires. It was found that regardless of the direction of the department (practical – OKHITA or theoretical – MIiS), many respondents advocated the traditional (face-to-face) meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, subject to the normalization of the epidemiological situation. However, as it worsened, the majority favored remote, online, meetings of the Council of People's Commissars. An «interesting» result was obtained when processing the results of choosing an electronic platform for holding meetings of the Council of People's Commissars. So, despite the presence in N.N. Burdenko VSMU, specialized electronic educational environments, the «winner» and a kind of choice of respondents was the computer program «Zoom». The obvious choice of university staff from among the teaching staff and students makes it possible to recommend this program as a kind of «platform» for holding meetings of student scientific communities and circles.

Topic: Medical and Biological Sciences
Subfield: Anatomy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata VI031777A-G

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata<br>Common name(s): Mungbean<br>Other names: TV00149<br>Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)<br>Local sample unique identifier: VI031777A-G<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 1984-03-01<br>Other identifiers: n/a,V06241<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Temporal trends and patterns in Covid-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova

Introduction: The Republic of Moldova Ministry of Health releases individual death records of COVID-19 patients on a daily basis since March 18, 2020. It is important to understand the quality of this data and to compare them to medical death certificate data available for 2020 where COVID-19 infection was indicated as an underlying cause of death. Aim: To analyse the temporal trends and age and sex pattern of mortality from COVID-19 infection and to assess the impact of the pandemic on the overall mortality in Moldova. Materials and methods: individual death records published by the Ministry of Health between March 18, 2020 and October, 10 2021 and medical death certificates for 2017-2020. Demographic methods of mortality analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: In Moldova, mortality from COVID-19 infection is limited to laboratory-confirmed cases, which does not meet the WHO recommended definition. The weekly dynamics of COVID-19-related deaths published by the Ministry of Health are mainly consistent with the death certificate data for 2020. Three waves of mortality were identified with their peaks in the middle of December 2020, March 2021 and October 2021. Excess mortality among the elderly in late 2020 (wave 1) is attributed in part to cardiovascular disease. The male-to-female ratio for mortality from COVID-19 infection is higher in older age and much less so in middle age. The COVID-19 pandemic has had quite a sizable effect on mortality trends and cause-of-death patterns in 2020.

Topic: Economic Sanctions and International Relations
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Leucothoe banwarthii Schellenberg

Leucothoe banwarthii (Schellenberg) Leucothoella banwarthii Schellenberg, 1928: 638, fig. 199.—Monod, 1937, 13. —K.H. Barnard, 1937: 153.—Schellenberg, 1938: 26.—J.L. Barnard, 1965: 492, fig. 7.—Ledoyer, 1967: 127, fig. 5a.—Ruffo, 1969: 11.—Oleröd, 1970: 370, figs 23–33.— Ledoyer, 1972: 250.—Ledoyer, 1978: 300.—Ledoyer, 1979: 111, fig. 68I. —Myers, 1985: 94, figs 74, 75.—Ledoyer, 1986: 680, fig. 262.—Ortiz & Lalana, 1997: 108.—White, 2011: 44. Material examined. 1 male, (OUMNH.ZC.2002.24.113) Beluu Lukes Reef, drop off, - 15m depth; from Melophlu sarasinorum Thiele, (Porifera: Ancorinidae); 07°17.530'N, 134°30.870'E; leg. S. De Grave & C. Burras, 2 June 2002. Distribution. Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific.

Topic: Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
«The Catechetical Homilies» of Theodore of Mopsuestia: the Publishing History and Their Contents

The present article shows the history of the discovery and publishing the manuscript contained the only fully survived dogmatic writing of Theodore of Mopsuestia. Also, the article provides the short description of the homilies’ contents and denotes the signiﬁcance of the discovered text for patrology and liturgical studies. Although the Greek text of the Catechetical Homilies is missed, the work is preserved in the Syriac translation and is available thanks to publication of Alphonse Mingana in 1932 and 1933. The full text of the Catechetical Homilies allows us to put the quotations which were the basis for Theodore’s condemnation on the Fifth Ecumenical Council in their original context and to clarify their meaning, making them sound more acceptable. The homilies help us rightly understand the vague and ambiguous places in other Theodore’s writings and have more complete idea of his christology. The author of the Catechetical Homilies rejects the doctrine of the “Two Sons” and aﬃrms the unity of Christ’s Person. He teaches of imperishability of “the perfect union” of two natures, so the existence of Christ as “mere man” is seemed to be impossible. Moreover, the text of the Catechetical Homilies gives us the rich evidence of Theodore’s sacramental theology that was not much treated before Mingana’s discovery. The Catechetical Homilies is, in addition, a source for the history of Liturgy, because they contain a detailed description of the Sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist.

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
P-glycoprotein attenuates DNA repair activity in multidrug-resistant cells by acting through the Cbp-Csk-Src cascade

Recent studies have demonstrated that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression impairs DNA interstrand cross-linking agent-induced DNA repair efficiency in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. To date, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying how P-gp interferes with Src activation and subsequent DNA repair activity remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp) signaling pathway involved in the negative control of Src activation is enhanced in MDR cells. We also demonstrated that cells that ectopically express P-gp exhibit reduced activation of DNA damage response regulators, such as ATM, Chk2, Braca1 and Nbs1 and hence attenuated DNA double-strand break repair capacity and become more susceptible than vector control cells to DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) agents. Moreover, we demonstrated that P-gp can not only interact with Cbp and Src but also enhance the formation of inhibitory C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-Cbp complexes that reduce phosphorylation of the Src activation residue Y416 and increase phosphorylation of the Src negative regulatory residue Y527. Notably, suppression of Cbp expression in MDR cells restores cisplatin-induced Src activation, improves DNA repair capacity, and increases resistance to ICL agents. Ectopic expression of Cbp attenuates cisplatin-induced Src activation and increases the susceptibility of cells to ICL agents. Together, the current results indicate that P-gp inhibits DNA repair activity by modulating Src activation via Cbp-Csk-Src cascade. These results suggest that DNA ICL agents are likely to have therapeutic potential against MDR cells with P-gp-overexpression.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Status of Clinical Application of Yufeng Ningxin Preparations and the Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the status of the clinical application of Yufeng Ningxin (YFNX) preparations and systematically evaluate their efficacy and safety in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Through searching databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, the literature of clinical research on YFNX preparations in treating malignant tumors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from the establishment of the databases to February 2021 was collected. The clinical randomized controlled trials and case–control studies of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treated with these preparations were analyzed. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies, and meta-analysis was performed by using ReMan 5.3 software to analyze the efficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Results A total of 29 clinical studies were finally included. The dosage forms were dropping pills, tablets, capsules, and granules. The preparations were used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, neuropathic headache, etc. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and nervous headache. A total of 1,162 cases were included in 13 studies, 582 cases of the YFNX preparation group and 580 cases of the Western medicine group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of YFNX preparations combined with the Western medicine group in the treatment of coronary heart disease and hypertension, improving electrocardiogram and reducing the frequency and duration of angina attacks, was better than that of the simple Western medicine group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion YFNX preparations are effective for coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neuropathic headache, and the adverse reactions are few.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tyramine‐Induced cardiac arrhythmias

Abstract Five out of 12 physically healthy patients with depression undergoing a tyramine pressor test developed cardiac arrhythmias. These arrhythmias occurred in drug‐free patients in three out of 12 infusions following as little as 0.03 mg/kg of tyramine and after moclobemide, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase‐A, in four out of 14 tyramine infusions with as little as 0.04 mg/kg of tyramine. The arrhythmias seen were independent of patient's age and occurred both before and after 30 mmHg elevations in systolic blood pressure. Electrocardiographic abnormalities and arrhythmias seen were a loss of p waves, sinus tachycardia, frequent atrial ectopic beats, atrial premature beats, Wenckebach phenomenon, junctional rhythm, ventricular ectopics, varying QRS configurations, and ventricular bigeminy. Tyramine, both oral and intravenous, caused similar reproducible changes in dogs, though not in rats, mice or guinea pigs. Practical implications are that tyramine pressor testing in humans should be performed cautiously and only with adequate cardiac monitoring and resuscitation facilities at hand. These findings suggest that a normal dietary component can induce serious cardiac arrhythmias, and that a low‐tyramine diet may be of value for patients who are susceptible to cardiac arrhythmias.

Topic: Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Translation symmetry restoration under random unitary dynamics

The finite parts of a large, locally interacting many-body system prepared out-of-equilibrium eventually equilibrate. Characterising the underlying mechanisms of this process and its timescales, however, is particularly hard as it requires to decouple universal features from observable-specific ones. Recently, new insight came by studying how certain symmetries of the dynamics that are broken by the initial state are restored at the level of the reduced state of a given subsystem. This provides a high level, observable-independent probe. Until now this idea has been applied to the restoration of internal symmetries, e.g. U(1) symmetries related to charge conservation. Here we show that that the same logic can be applied to the restoration of space-time symmetries, and hence can be used to characterise the relaxation of fully generic systems. We illustrate this idea by considering the paradigmatic example of "generic" many-body dynamics, i.e. a local random unitary circuit, where our method leads to exact results. We show that the restoration of translation symmetry in these systems only happens on time-scales proportional to the subsystem's volume. In fact, for large enough subsystems the time of symmetry restoration becomes initial-state independent (as long as the latter breaks the symmetry at time zero) and coincides with the thermalisation time. For intermediate subsystems, however, one can observe the so-called "quantum Mpemba effect", where the state of the system restores a symmetry faster if it is initially more asymmetric. We provide the first exact characterisation of this effect in a non-integrable system.

Topic: Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phenotype Development in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Large Clinical Longitudinal Study

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by frequent comorbidities and a wide spectrum of phenotype presentations. This study aimed to describe the development of phenotypes in TS and tic-related impairment in a large longitudinal study of 226 children and adolescents followed up after 6 years. The participants were clinically examined to assess tic severity and impairment, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The development in phenotypes changed toward less comorbidity with 40% TS-only (no OCD or ADHD) (TS without OCD or ADHD) at baseline and 55% at follow-up.Tic-related impairment was expected to improve with an age-related tic decline, but surprisingly the impairment score did not reflect the tic decline. Sex, vocal and motor tics, and OCD and ADHD severity were highly significantly correlated to the impairment score. Knowledge of TS phenotype development is used in clinical settings to guide patients and for genetic, etiological, and clinical research purposes.

Topic: Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
How Three Methods for Fixing a Media Meniscal Autograft Affect Tibial Contact Mechanics

We evaluated three methods for fixing a medial menis-cal autograft to determine which method restored tibial contact mechanics closest to normal. The contact me-chanics (maximum pressure, mean pressure, contact area, and location of the center of maximum pressure) of the medial tibial articular surface were determined using pressure-sensitive film while knee specimens were loaded in compression to 1000 N at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45 ° of flexion. Pressure was measured for the intact knee, the knee after meniscectomy, and the knee with the original meniscus removed and reimplanted as an autograft using three different fixation methods. The con-tact mechanics of the autograft reinserted with bone plug fixation were closest to normal; however, the maxi-

Topic: Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spatial and temporal variability of picocyanobacteria <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. in San Francisco Bay

We collected samples monthly, from April to August 1998, to measure the abundance of autotrophic picoplankton in San Francisco Bay. Samples taken along a 160‐km transect showed that picocyanobacteria ( Synechococcus sp.) was a persistent component of the San Francisco Bay phytoplankton in all the estuarine habitats, from freshwater to seawater and during all months of the spring‐summer transition. Abundance ranged from 4.6 × 10 6 to 5.2 × 8 cells L −1 , with peak abundance during the spring bloom (April and May) and during July with a persistent spatial pattern of smallest abundance near the coastal ocean and highest abundance in the landward domains of the estuary. The picocyanobacterial component (as estimated percentage of chlorophyll a concentration) was, on average, 15% of total phytoplankton biomass during the summer–autumn nonbloom periods and only 2% of chlorophyll biomass during the spring bloom. This result is consistent with the emerging concept of a gradient of increasing importance of picocyanobacteria along the gradient of decreasing nutrient concentrations from estuaries to the open ocean.

Topic: Marine and coastal ecosystems
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Needs assessment for childhood obesity intervention program (262.1)

The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of families of obese children to inform the development of a clinic‐based program to manage the weight and health of obese children. This cross‐sectional study assessed selected nutritional and behavioral habits and the family environment of obese children who were seen in a private pediatric practice. Primary caregivers of 20 obese children were interviewed via phone using a structured questionnaire containing closed‐ and open‐ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis with results reported as percentages and means. The mean age of the children was 9.2±2.9 yrs. The majority of the children (55%) were males. Seventy‐five percent of the parents/guardians spoke Spanish as the primary language. Mean fruit and vegetable intake was 3.2±1.9 servings/d. Three‐quarters of children were reported to consume sugar‐sweetened beverages, with a mean intake of 1.9±1.6 cups/d. Although caregivers reported their children played actively for an average of 54.3 min/d, the majority of the children spent over 2 hrs on screen time. About 90% of parents/caregivers reported that they are currently working on changing their children’s dietary and health habits. Our preliminary results suggest a need for clinic‐based program with emphasis on improving nutritional and behavioral habits of obese children and their families while ensuring it is culturally relevant. Grant Funding Source : Supported by: The William B. Mulherin Foundation for Health &amp; Wellness

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relaxation of Mackay icosahedra

Multilayer icosahedra, first introduced about twenty years ago by Mackay [Acta Cryst. (1962), 15, 916-918], are no longer considered a geometrical curiosity, as small icosahedral particles have been observed in a great number of experiments. The hard-sphere models, previously considered, are not really suited to the study of physical properties because they fail to express the important stresses due to the icosahedral structure. Therefore, Mackay icosahedra, made of atoms interacting through a Lennard-Jones potential, were constructed and allowed to relax freely. Results of the calculation are given, consisting of a detailed description of relaxed icosahedra with up to nine layers, i.e. with up to almost 3000 atoms.

Topic: Material Dynamics and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Consumption of organic food products in Latin America: role of knowledge and emotions among women consumers

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of knowledge and emotions among women on the consumption of organic food products. A research survey has been conducted in four supermarkets in Mexico City. In all, 276 observations were analysed in the study during the fall of 2018. Data was collected on 11 variables influencing women consumers towards developing organic products buying behaviour. The study reveals that social media updates potential women consumers on pricing, availability, quality, and in-store promotions on the organic food products. The price of organic foods plays a critical role in determining the buying behaviour of women consumers despite food safety, health consciousness, and family wellness as strong mediating factors. Proximity of outlets, quality, and family-led decision-making process builds consumption behaviour of organic products. This research contributes to the debate on organic food buying practices of women consumers in reference to health and sustainability concerns in emerging markets.

Topic: Organic Food and Agriculture
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Transfer of Technology to China in the Nineteenth Century: The Role of Direct Foreign Investment

The transfer of technology to China in the nineteenth century was carried out both by Chinese and foreigners. Given the half-hearted interest of the Chinese government in such activities, however, the role of direct foreign investment was enhanced. The profitability of such investments was determined not only by comparative costs and other conventional economic variables, but also by the interaction of each project with China's traditional system of political economy. The nature and importance of this interaction is examined by means of a number of case studies. The results emphasize the importance of cultural elements in the transfer of technology.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences