jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy dosing in obese patients: dissemination of information from clinical trials to clinical practice

BACKGROUND. Substantial variation in adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy dos-ing in obese women suggests that there is uncertainty about optimal practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in dose determinations in clinical trial protocols and publications over the last 3 decades as potential sources of this uncertainty. METHODS. The National Cancer Institute database was used to identify protocols of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy conducted by cooperative groups between 1970–2000, and these protocols were then obtained directly from the co-operative groups. Dose determinations were categorized in each protocol and in published reports from each clinical trial. Fisher exact tests were used to com-pare the proportions of protocols that used full weight-based doses over time. RESULTS. Protocol-specified chemotherapy dosing was obtained for all of 44 eligi-ble trials. A significant increase was identified in the use of full weight-based doses in the later time period compared with the earlier (P 5.004; 2-sided Fisher exact test). A notable exception was 1 cooperative group that continues to require dose limitations for doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in patients with a body surface area of more than 2.0 m2. Regardless of publication date, published reports of clinical trials rarely provide information on use of full or limited weight-based doses. CONCLUSIONS. Variations in dose determinations among clinical trial protocols and lack of information on use of full weight-based doses in most publications are 2 likely sources of variation in chemotherapy dosing in obese women. Devel-oping consensus and disseminating information on optimal chemotherapy dos-ing will likely reduce such variation and may improve survival among obese patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2008;112:2159–65. 2008 American Cancer Society.

Topic: Cancer Risks and Factors
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Uniform Estimate for Scalar Curvature Equation on Manifolds of dimension 4

On Riemannian manifolds of dimension 4, for prescribed scalar curvature equation, under lipschitzian condition on the prescribed curvature, we have an uniform estimate for the solutions of the equation if we control their minimas.

Topic: Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protecting the interests of the child bone marrow donor.

At a time when designer babies have been created to act as cord blood donors to sick siblings, ethical debate has focused predominantly on the extent to which it is acceptable to create one human being to assist another. However, children are frequently used this way, by their families and doctors who extract their bone marrow, to try to save the life of another, usually a sibling. With any life-threatening illness, there is the possibility that the urgency of the sick sibling's need means that the short-term welfare of the donor child receives less attention than it should by parents and doctors. This article suggests ways to protect the interests of such children and empower them within the decision-making process and concludes that the drive to save life must be tempered by recognition of the intrinsic worth of donor children and their rights not to be exploited.

Topic: Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Restricted Repetitive Sampling in Designing of Control Charts

In this article a criteria have been defined to classify the existing repetitive sampling into soft, moderate and strict conditions. Behind this division a ratio has been suggested i.e. c2 (constant used in repetitive limits) to c1(constant used in control limit) in slabs. A restricted criterion has been devised on the existing repetitive sampling. By embedding the proposed schematic in the control chart it becomes highly efficient in detecting the shifts quite earlier as well as it detects even smaller shifts at smaller ARLs. To facilitate the user for best choice the restricted criterion has further categorized to softly restricted, moderately restricted and strictly restricted. The restricted conditions are dependent on value of restriction parameter ’m’ varies 2 to 6. The application of proposed scheme on selected cases is given in tables which are self explanatory.

Topic: Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Critical Reflexivity in Political Ecology Research: How can the Covid-19 Pandemic Transform us Into Better Researchers?

It is not just the world but our ways of producing knowledge that are in crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed our interconnected vulnerabilities in ways never seen before while underscoring the need for emancipation in particular from the hegemonic knowledge politics that underpin “business-as-usual” academic research that have both contributed to and failed to address the systemic challenges laid bare by the pandemic. Political ecologists tasked with knowledge generation on vulnerabilities and their underlying power processes are particularly well placed to envision such emancipatory processes. While pausing physically due to travel restrictions, as researchers in political ecology and rural development at the same university department, we want to make a stop to radically rethink our intellectual engagements. In this article, we aim to uncover “sanitized” aspects of research encounters, and theorize on the basis of anecdotes, feelings and informal discussions—“data” that is often left behind in fieldwork notes and personal diaries of researchers—, the ways in which our own research practices hamper or can be conducive to emancipation in times of multiple interconnected health, political, social, and environmental crises. We do so through affective autoethnography and resonances on our research encounters during the pandemic: with people living in Swedish Sapmi, with African students in our own “Global North” university department and with research partners in Nepal. We use a threefold focus on interconnectedness, uncertainty and challenging hegemonic knowledge politics as our analytical framework. We argue that acknowledging the roles of emotions and affect can 1) help embrace interconnectedness in research encounters; 2) enable us to work with uncertainty rather than “hard facts” in knowledge production processes; and 3) contribute to challenging hegemonic knowledge production . Opening up for emotions in research helps us to embrace the relational character of vulnerability as a pathway to democratizing power relations and to move away from its oppressive and colonial modes still present in universities and research centers. Our aim is to contribute to envisioning post-Covid-19 political ecology and rural development research that is critically reflexive and that contributes to the emergence of a new ethics of producing knowledge.

Topic: Participatory Visual Research Methods
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Whose money is it? Cattle production and household income allocation in Southern Veracruz, Mexico

Several studies have shown that the introduction of cattle production in the Mexican tropics has had damaging environmental and social effects. However, women's experiences have been overlooked in these studies. By taking a collective approach to the household, this paper analyses the control that women exercise over the income resulting from cattle production in Encino Amarillo, a Nahua community located in Southern Veracruz, Mexico. It is shown that, even though half of the available land is covered with pasture for cattle, most town revenues come from sources other than cattle. Some women have developed their own income generating activities and have managed to influence decision-making processes regarding household expenditure.

Topic: Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
The role of serotonin in ephedrine-induced stereotypy and hypermotility.

The influence of serotonin agents on stereotypy and hypermotility induced with ephedrine was studied. P-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, had no influence on stereotypy. In reserpinized animals, this reaction was intensified only after high doses of ephedrine (100 and 120 mg/kg), but the precursor of 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan, strongly antagonized stereotypy. Ephedrine-induced hypermotility in mice and rats was potentiated by PCPA. It is suggested that serotonin ephedrine-induced effects, similarly to previous observations with amphetamine.

Topic: Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
La Disjonction de la Voix Narrative et la Manipulation de la Vraisemblance dans "Le Rocher de Tanios" d'Amin Maalouf

This investigation of the narrative voice in Maalouf’s Prix-Goncourt winning novel Le Rocher de Tanios observes the manner in which the multiplicity of enunciators, in the form of secondary narrators “cited” intertextually by the primary narrator, engenders a subtle play upon points of view, epochs, and cultural outlooks, an artifice which lends the novel a breadth in its generic status and veridictory grounding. It manages to be both an entirely possible, realistic narrative, and a fantastical legend, in which the “strange and the marvelous”, in the words of one of the secondary narrators, form a counterpoint against the rigorous historical research of the primary narrative. The result is a tale in which the appearance of a coherent and inevitable progression of providence melds with a capricious logic of chance events. The work raises the question of fiction and history and answers yes to each one; it is not only a fiction aspiring to verisimilitude, but conversely, it is also an actual history transformed into a novel – into the sort of novel that leads the reader to question his sense of truth and falsehood.

Topic: Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimal Stroke Learning with Policy Gradient Approach for Robotic Table Tennis

Learning to play table tennis is a challenging task for robots, as a wide variety of strokes required. Recent advances have shown that deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is able to successfully learn the optimal actions in a simulated environment. However, the applicability of RL in real scenarios remains limited due to the high exploration effort. In this work, we propose a realistic simulation environment in which multiple models are built for the dynamics of the ball and the kinematics of the robot. Instead of training an end-to-end RL model, a novel policy gradient approach with TD3 backbone is proposed to learn the racket strokes based on the predicted state of the ball at the hitting time. In the experiments, we show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the existing RL methods in simulation. Furthermore, to cross the domain from simulation to reality, we adopt an efficient retraining method and test it in three real scenarios. The resulting success rate is 98% and the distance error is around 24.9 cm. The total training time is about 1.5 hours.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
When are we diagnosing growth hormone deficiency?

The height and age at presentation of 458 children beginning treatment with growth hormone between January 1980 and June 1984 were retrospectively analysed. Three hundred and nine children with isolated growth hormone deficiency had a mean (SD) age of 10 (4.1) years on beginning treatment and a mean (SD) height standard deviation score (SDS) of -3.73 (0.93). One hundred and nine patients with hypothalamopituitary tumours began treatment with growth hormone on average 3.3 years after diagnosis of the tumour and at a mean (SD) height SDS of -2.42 (1.49). In both of these categories the height SDS showed a considerable improvement compared with previous reports. Forty two patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to cranial irradiation started treatment with growth hormone on average 6.1 years after treatment for their tumours and had a height SDS of -2.45 (1.02) compared with that of -2.45 (0.98) seen in nine similar patients from the United Kingdom starting treatment with growth hormone between 1975 and 1978. Although closer surveillance of short children in the community is leading to earlier diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency, this could possibly be diagnosed earlier if routine screening of height was to be carried out at school entry. In addition, patients who have received cranial irradiation should be regularly measured and investigated when their height velocity becomes subnormal.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Aquaporin-dependent Cell Shrinkage, Polyphosphate Synthesis, Amino Acid Accumulation, and Global Gene Expression Changes in Trypanosoma cruzi

The protist parasite Trypanosoma cruzi has evolved the ability to transit between completely different hosts and to replicate in adverse environments. In particular, the epimastigote form, the replicative stage inside the vector, is subjected to nutritional and osmotic stresses during its development. In this work, we describe the biochemical and global gene expression changes of epimastigotes under hyperosmotic conditions. Hyperosmotic stress resulted in cell shrinking within a few minutes. Depending on the medium osmolarity, this was followed by lack of volume recovery for at least 2 h or by slow recovery. Experiments with inhibitors, or with cells in which an aquaporin gene (TcAQP1) was knocked down or overexpressed, revealed its importance for the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress. Furthermore, the adaptation to this new environment was shown to involve the regulation of the polyphosphate polymerization state as well as changes in amino acid catabolism to generate compatible osmolytes. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of stressed parasites revealed down-regulation of genes belonging to diverse functional categories and up-regulation of genes encoding trans-sialidase-like and ribosomal proteins. Several of these changes were confirmed by Northern blot analyses. Sequence analysis of the 3'UTRs of up- and down-regulated genes allowed the identification of conserved structural RNA motifs enriched in each group, suggesting that specific ribonucleoprotein complexes could be of great importance in the adaptation of this parasite to different environments through regulation of transcript abundance.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Carbon Counter Electrodes for<scp>Dye‐Sensitized</scp>and Perovskite Solar Cells

Carbon electrodes can be utilized as the counter back electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSC) because the carbon layers have special characteristics. These characteristics include cheap material, printable to be a nonvacuum processing, flexible and stable against corrosive chemicals. This chapter reviews the significant reports of DSSCs and all report of PSC using the carbon electrodes. It then shows a procedure of carbon paste for DSSCs. The chapter summarizes the research activities of PSC using carbon electrodes. The annealing process is necessary for the carbon electrode in order to be used in DSSCs. For the DSSCs, the high-temperature-annealed carbon counter electrodes have been fabricated because of the utilization of electrolyte, which can dissolve the polymers in the low-temperature-processed carbon layers. However, as PSC is a solid-state device, the utilization of low-temperature carbon can be accepted.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Synthesis of Metal Doped BiFeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Nanoparticles and their Dielectric and Magnetic Properties

Dielectric and magnetic properties of BiFeO 3 samples, co-doped with Gd or Ba and Ti in place of Bi and Fe, respectively, were investigated. The bulk powder samples of nominal compositions of Bi 0.9 Gd 0.1 Fe 1–x Ti x O 3 and Bi 0.7 Ba 0.3 Fe 1-x Ti x O 3 (x=0.00-0.25) ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction technique. The as prepared ceramics showed improved dielectric and magnetic properties. Also, ultrafine nanoparticles of the samples were prepared by milling assisted ultrasonic fragmentation of the bulk powder. The particles size was studied as a function of sonication time with TEM imaging and electron diffraction. These confirmed the formation of a large fraction of single-crystalline Bi 0.9 Gd 0.1 Fe 1–x Ti x O 3 nanoparticles with a mean size of 11-13 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit an improved magnetic behavior compared to their bulk counterparts at room temperature. The preparation and characterization of bulk ceramics as well as their nanoparticles were reported.

Topic: Multiferroics and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A survey on insecticide usage patterns in Jasmine crops in Tamil Nadu, India

Jasmine (Jasminum spp.) plays an important cultural and economic role in India, with Tamil Nadu leading its production, contributing over two-thirds of the national output. The insecticide use pattern study explores how jasmine farmers across nine key districts in the state manage pest control, focusing on the types of insecticides they use and where they get their information. Based on field surveys with 170 farmers conducted between 2024-2025, the findings show that most growers (85.93 %) are marginal farmers with less than one hectare of land and 42 % have only a middle school education. Low-volume power sprayers were the most widely used equipment (71.48 %), pointing to a preference for efficient and easy-to-use tools. When it comes to insecticides, broad-spectrum and mixed compound products dominate in the jasmine crop. The most widely used insecticide was Spirotetramat + Imidacloprid SC (29.81 %), especially in Krishnagiri (46.15 %) and Coimbatore (40 %). Commonly used single-compound choices include Alphamethrin 10 % EC (10.60 %) and Imidacloprid 70 % WG (8.66 %). On the other hand, newer, potentially safer alternatives like diamides (1.78 %) and spinosyns (0.62 %) saw very limited use. Most farmers relied on local input dealers for guidance (51.86 %), while trained extension officials were rarely approached (8.14 %). Heavy dependence on familiar chemical solutions and culminating point the need for better outreach, education and access to safer pest management options to support the long-term sustainability of jasmine farming.

Topic: Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Minimal attachment of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to DNA modified surfaces

Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) exists in biological environments such as those around medical implants since prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells can undergo processes such as autolysis, necrosis, and apoptosis. For bacteria, eDNA has been shown to be involved in biofilm formation and gene transfer and acts as a nutrient source. In terms of biofilm formation, eDNA in solution has been shown to be very important in increasing attachment; however, very little is known about the role played by surface immobilized eDNA in initiating bacterial attachment and whether the nature of a DNA layer (physically adsorbed or covalently attached, and molecular weight) influences biofilm formation. In this study, the authors shed light on the role that surface attached DNA plays in the early biofilm formation by using Si wafers (Si) and allylamine plasma polymer (AAMpp) coated Si wafers to adsorb and covalently immobilize salmon sperm DNA of three different molecular weights. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen to study the bacterial interactions with these DNA functionalized surfaces. Characterization of surface chemistry and imaging of attached bacteria were performed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and epi-fluorescence microscopy. XPS results confirmed the successful grafting of DNA on the AAMpp and Si surfaces, and surprisingly the results showed that the surface attached DNA actually reduced initial bacterial attachment, which was contrary to the initial hypothesis. This adds speculation about the specific role played by DNA in the dynamics of how it influences biofilm formation, with the possibility that it could actually be used to make bacterial resistant surfaces.

Topic: Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Opportunistic attachment assembles plantâpollinator networks

Â© 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd/CNRS Species and interactions are being lost at alarming rates and it is imperative to understand how communities assemble if we have to prevent their collapse and restore lost interactions. Using an 8-year dataset comprising nearly 20Â 000 pollinator visitation records, we explore the assembly of plantâpollinator communities at native plant restoration sites in an agricultural landscape. We find that species occupy highly dynamic network positions through time, causing the assembly process to be punctuated by major network reorganisations. The most persistent pollinator species are also the most variable in their network positions, contrary to what preferential attachment â the most widely studied theory of ecological network assembly â predicts. Instead, we suggest assembly occurs via an opportunistic attachment process. Our results contribute to our understanding of how communities assembly and how species interactions change through time while helping to inform efforts to reassemble robust communities.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences