jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultralight axion or axion-like particle dark matter and 21-cm absorption signals in new physics

A hypothetical particle known as the axion holds the potential to resolve both the cosmic dark matter riddle and particle physics' long-standing, strong CP dilemma. An unusually strong 21-cm absorption feature associated with the initial star formation era, i.e., the dark ages, may be due to ultralight axion dark matter ($\sim$10$^{-22}$ eV) at this time. The radio wave observation's 21-cm absorption signal can be explained as either anomalous baryon cooling or anomalous cosmic microwave background photon heating. Shortly after the axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) thermalize among themselves and form a Bose--Einstein condensate, the cold dark matter ALPs make thermal contact with baryons, cooling them. ALPs are thought to be the source of some new evidence for dark matter, as the baryon temperature at cosmic dawn was lower than predicted based on presumptions. The detection of baryon acoustic oscillations is found to be consistent with baryon cooling by dark matter ALPs. Simultaneously, under the influence of the primordial black hole and/or intergalactic magnetic fields, the dark radiation composed of ALPs can resonantly transform into photons, significantly heating up the radiation in the frequency range relevant to the 21-cm tests. When examining the 21-cm cosmology at redshifts $z$ between 200 and 20, we see that, when taking into account both heating and cooling options at the same time, heating eliminated the theoretical excess number of neutrino species, $ΔN_{\rm eff}$, from the cooling effect.

Topic: Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Konfigurationsbestimmung von geometrischen Isomeren mittels selektiver <sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H}‐NOE‐Differenzspektroskopie

Application of Selective 13 C{ 1 H}‐NOE Difference Spectroscopy in Determination of the Configuration of ( Z )/( E )‐Isomers Heteronuclear 13 C{ 1 H}‐NOE studies have been performed to elucidate the configuration at the imino double bond in N , N ′‐Dicyanoquinonediimines. Selective low‐power irradiation of the neighbouring ring protons in compounds 1 – 5 increases the signal intensities of CN as well as of the imino‐C‐atoms in the 13 C‐NMR spectra. The increase of signal intensity can easily be detected by the difference spectroscopy. The results of this investigation are in good agreement with a recently published study on the stereochemistry of N , N ′‐Dicyanoquinonediimines, based on the interpretation of 13 C‐chemical shifts.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Harmonic Retrieval Based Baseband Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave OFDM Systems

For massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) enhanced millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, channel estimation (CE) is challenging. in this paper, the baseband CE of mmWave based MIMO-OFDM systems after beam searching is formulated as a harmonic retrieval (HR) problem, where each path of the channel represents a harmonic with its frequency and strength to be estimated.We propose two methods, a windowed orthogonal matching pursuit (window-OMP) method and a windowed discrete Fourier transform (window-DFT) method, to approximately acquire the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the baseband CE. The window-OMP method is capable of approximating the ML estimator with high accuracy, while the window-DFT method has a lower complexity and is shown to acquire approximate ML estimate under the assumption that the frequencies of harmonics are sufficiently separated. Theoretical analysis is performed to derive a closed-form Cram´er–Rao lower bound as well as to investigate the effect of wrong paths to the estimation accuracy. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed methods, and the results obtained verify that our methods outperform the existing estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariant techniques based HR method and the conventional interpolation method.

Topic: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanical Stability Study on PEDOT:PSS-Based ITO-Free Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have emerged rapidly due to their promising applications in various fields such as portable electronic devices, building-integrated photovoltaics, unmanned systems, and so on. Although plenty of studies on FPSCs have been reported, most of them focused on the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) while scarcely on the mechanical stability. Herein, we report an in-depth analysis of the mechanical stability of PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH1000, abbreviated as PH1000) transparent conductive electrode-based FPSCs. The nanoindentation technique is used to acquire the mechanical properties of each layer in the devices, and the finite element method (FEM) is then used to calculate the von Mises stress distribution within the devices under different bending conditions. Correspondingly, a scanning electron microscope is used to observe the morphological changes in the devices before and after the bending test. Due to the high stress distribution within the ITO layer, evident cracks are observed in the ITO layer after cyclic bending, which increases its electric resistance sharply and leads to the rapid deterioration of the photovoltaic performance of the devices. Compared to the PET-ITO counterpart, the PH1000 film exhibits excellent flexibility without any cracks and an obvious increase of resistance after bending due to its low stress. However, under a small bending radius (2 mm), the high stress in the MAPbI3 film also leads to obvious cracks and thus results in the deterioration of device performance.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Recent Developments in Rapier Weaving Machines in Textiles

This paper reviews the recent developments in rapier weaving and addresses the challenges that face the weaving industry. The paper sheds the light on how the weaving machine manufacturers and woven fabric producers might strengthen the weaving industry by further advanced the rapier technology with the help of electro-mechanics, electronics, microprocessors, information technology and their application to the production of woven fabrics. Rapier weaving today exists in diversified forms. During the last two decades the developments in rapier weaving have been carried out in a rapid continuous way. Rapier weaving machine produces top- quality fabrics from spun yarns such as cotton-wool, camel hair, silk, synthetic fibers and fancy yarns. Today's rapier weaving machine has be- come fast and exceptionally flexible. It offers a choice of various reed widths, shedding motions, selvedges and filling insertion colors. This makes it suitable for weaving an extended range of articles: fashion fabrics, shirting, denim, suiting, industrial or furnishing fabrics, in one to eight or twelve filling colors or yarns, with a maximum weight of 500 g/m2. Today's rapier weaving machine is designed with modern electronics, with total automation of weaving and central microprocessor control system, also ensuring maximum reliability, amazing user-friendliness, ease-of operation, shorter style changing time, excellent fabric quality, low energy consumption, and optimized insertion cycle for unequalled industrial speed(1-4).

Topic: Textile materials and evaluations
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Describing the value of specialized distance education in pediatric oncology nursing

Working as specialists in a changing environment, advanced practice nurses in pediatric oncology (APN-POs) benefit from specific pediatric oncology education. The graduates of a pediatric nurse practitioner program in pediatric oncology completed a survey about their educational experience and its impact on their current practice. This practitioner program included a subspecialty education in pediatric oncology and an early form of distance learning. The respondents' answers parallel a number of emerging themes in APN-PO practice and education. Employing distance learning methods in providing subspecialty education holds important implications for future APN-PO education and practice and for the health care of communities throughout the country.

Topic: Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Optically addressed SLM-based holographic display&lt;/title&gt;

This research involved the set-up and demonstration of an optically addressed hologram writing experiment. The bulk of the research was devoted to determining the most efficient architecture and optical devices. Results indicate that the overall goal could be accomplished with the right spatial light modulator and the right geometry to allow the spot size needed for holographic recording.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Topic: Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TMET-37. TARGETING LIPID MEDIATED NON-CANONICAL CELL DEATH IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA

Abstract Resistance to canonical cell death mechanisms (e.g. apoptosis) is a hallmark of glioma and consequently driving the dismal outcomes of patients with glioma. Recent work has demonstrated gliomas are susceptible to non-apoptotic forms of cell death mediated by rewired lipid metabolism. Here we explored whether gliomas are vulnerable to other lipid-dependent forms of cell death. Our investigation revealed a large subset of patient-derived glioma cells that are exquisitely sensitive to a novel cell death pathway dependent on palmitate. Intriguingly, sensitivity to this type of cell death was linked to glioma tumor cells having a proneural identity and a specific enrichment in sphingolipid metabolic features. The catabolism of glioma sphingolipids established palmitate pools for protein S-palmitoylation, a necessary requirement to trigger palmitate mediated cell death in glioma, which was coupled to the exclusive expression of palmitoyl acyltransferases unique to proneural glioma tumors. Ongoing efforts aim to explore the mechanistic link between glioma identity, lipotype and susceptibility to palmitate dependent lethality. Taken together, these results identify a new approach to drive glioma cell death by targeting non-canonical cell death mediated by rewired glioma lipid metabolism.

Topic: Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tractable POMDP-planning for robots with complex non-linear dynamics

Planning under partial observability is an essential capability of autonomous robots. While robots operate in the real world, they are inherently subject to various uncertainties such a control and sensing errors, and limited information regarding the operating environment.Conceptually these type of planning problems can be solved in a principled manner when framed as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). POMDPs model the aforementioned uncertainties as conditional probability functions and estimate the state of the system as probability functions over the state space, called beliefs. Instead of computing the best strategy with respect to single states, POMDP solvers compute the best strategy with respect to beliefs. Solving a POMDP exactly is computationally intractable in general.However, in the past two decades we have seen tremendous progress in the development of approximately optimal solvers that trade optimality for computational tractability. Despite this progress, approximately solving POMDPs for systems with complex non-linear dynamics remains challenging. Most state-of-the-art solvers rely on a large number of expensive forward simulations of the system to find an approximate-optimal strategy. For systems with complex non-linear dynamics that admit no closed-form solution, this strategy can become prohibitively expensive. Another difficulty in applying POMDPs to physical robots with complex transition dynamics is the fact that almost all implementations of state-of-the-art on-line POMDP solvers restrict the user to specific data structures for the POMDP model, and the model has to be hard-coded within the solver implementation. This, in turn, severely hinders the process of applying POMDPs to physical robots.In this thesis we aim to make POMDPs more practical for realistic robotic motion planning tasks under partial observability. We show that systematic approximations of complex, non-linear transition dynamics can be used to design on-line POMDP solvers that are more efficient than current solvers. Furthermore, we propose a new software-framework that supports the user in modeling complex planning problems under uncertainty with minimal implementation effort.

Topic: Formal Methods in Verification
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-Gate Predictive Deconvolution For The Restoration Of Primary Reflections

In this paper, the effectiveness and successful application&lt;br&gt;of multi-gate predictive deconvolution filters is&lt;br&gt;demonstrated on both a synthetic and a field dataset.&lt;br&gt;Some illustrations are shown on the identification and&lt;br&gt;estimation of multiples and their effective removal from&lt;br&gt;seismic marine data over very shallow water&lt;br&gt;environments. The application of multi-gate predictive&lt;br&gt;deconvolution filters appears to be very effective in areas&lt;br&gt;where other methodologies of multiple suppression,&lt;br&gt;(which are mainly based on long multiple periods) will be&lt;br&gt;difficult to apply and have less success of multiple&lt;br&gt;attenuation.

Topic: Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The unusual persistence of an ozone hole over a southern mid-latitude station during the Antarctic spring 2009: a multi-instrument study

Abstract. Record-low ozone column densities (with a minimum of 212 DU) persisted over three weeks at the Río Gallegos NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station (51.5° S, 69.3° W) in November 2009. Total ozone remained two standard deviations below the climatological mean for five consecutive days during this period. The statistical analysis of 30 years of satellite data from the Multi Sensor Reanalysis (MSR) database for Río Gallegos revealed that such a long-lasting low-ozone episode is a rare occurrence. The event is examined using height-resolved ozone lidar measurements at Río Gallegos, and observations from satellite and ground-based instruments. The computed relative difference between the measured total ozone and the climatological monthly mean shows reductions varying between 10 and 30% with an average decrease of 25%. The mean absolute difference of total ozone column with respect to climatological monthly mean ozone column is around 75 DU. Extreme values of the UV index (UVI) were measured at the ground for this period, with the daily maximum UVI of around 13 on 15 and 28 November. The high-resolution MIMOSA-CHIM (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Méso-échelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection) model was used to interpret the ozone depletion event. An ozone decrease of about 2 ppmv was observed in mid-November at the 550 K isentropic level (~22 km). The position of Río Gallegos relative to the polar vortex was classified using equivalent latitude maps. During the second week of November, the vortex was over the station at all isentropic levels, but after 20 November and until the end of the month, only the 10 lower levels in the stratosphere were affected by vortex overpasses with ozone poor air masses. A rapid recovery of the ozone column density was observed later, due to an ozone rich filament moving over Río Gallegos between 18 and 24 km in the first two weeks of December 2009.

Topic: Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Restriction Cutting Independent Method for Cloning Genomic DNA Segments Outside the Boundaries of Known Sequences

We present a simple method for cloning genomic DNA segments outside the boundaries of known sequences, which is not dependent on restriction cutting or mapping. In the first step of the method, a library of single-stranded flanking sequences is generated by linear amplification with one primer in the known region. A homooligomeric cytosine tail is added to each of the single-stranded fragments by a terminal transferase catalyzed reaction. The tailed fragments are then amplified by PCR with a nested primer in the known region and a poly-guanine primer complementary to the cytosine tail in the unknown region. Finally, the different fragments are separated by cloning and characterized by sequencing. The method was used to clone both the upstream (5') and the downstream (3') genomic regions of an intron-interrupted tRNA(Leu)(UAA) gene from three cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Microcystis.

Topic: Animal Genetics and Reproduction
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Aortic calcification

Journal Article Aortic calcification Get access M A Al-Kutoubi, M A Al-Kutoubi Department of Diagnostic Radiology, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L Kreel L Kreel Department of Diagnostic Radiology, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 70, Issue 821, March 1994, Pages 213–214, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.70.821.213 Published: 01 March 1994

Topic: Aortic Thrombus and Embolism
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biosamples as gifts? How participants in biobanking projects talk about donation

Abstract Background In the UK , altruism has featured explicitly as an underpinning principle for biobanking. However, conceptualizing donation as altruistic downplays the role of reciprocity and personal or family benefit. Objective To investigate how biosample donors talk about their donation and whether they regard samples as ‘gifts’. Methods In this qualitative study, 21 people, both healthy volunteers and people with health conditions, who had been invited to give biosamples took part in semi‐structured narrative interviews. The data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results The term ‘gift’ was considered appropriate by some, but it also evoked puzzlement, especially in relation to ‘waste’ material (e.g. urine or tumour samples). Whilst ‘giving’ or ‘donating’ were commonly mentioned, the noun ‘gift’ signified something more special and deliberate. Analysis suggested biosamples could be interpreted as gifts in several different ways, including unreserved gift; reciprocal gift; collective gift; unwanted/low‐value gift; and gift as an exaggeration. Discussion and conclusions Although people describe a network of exchange consistent with anthropological understandings of gift relationships, lay (and biomedical) understandings of the term ‘gift’ may differ from anthropological definitions. For donors (and researchers), value is attached to the information derived from the sample, rather than the sample itself. Consequently, when asking people for biosamples, we should avoid using the term ‘gift’. Acknowledging the value of participation and the information the sample holds may mean more to potential donors.

Topic: Ethics in Clinical Research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Appendix D. A table showing female Papilio machaon aliaska oviposition preferences for fractions F3a, F3b, and F3c of the polar extracts of Cnidium cnidiifolium, Artemisia arctica, and Petasites frigidus.

A table showing female Papilio machaon aliaska oviposition preferences for fractions F3a, F3b, and F3c of the polar extracts of Cnidium cnidiifolium, Artemisia arctica, and Petasites frigidus.

Topic: Botanical Research and Chemistry
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an environment that closely mimics the structural features of non-polarized tissue. Furthermore, the particular intrinsic nanofiber structure of the scaffold makes it transparent to visual light, which allows for easy visualization of the sample under microscopy. This advantage was largely used to study cell migration, organization, proliferation, and differentiation and thus any development of their particular cellular function by staining with specific dyes or probes. Furthermore, in this work, we describe the good performance of this system to easily study the redifferentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes into cartilaginous tissue. Cells were encapsulated into self-assembling peptide scaffolds and cultured under specific conditions to promote chondrogenesis. Three-dimensional cultures showed good viability during the 4 weeks of the experiment. As expected, samples cultured with chondrogenic inducers (compared to non-induced controls) stained strongly positive for toluidine blue (which stains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are highly present in cartilage extracellular matrix) and expressed specific molecular markers, including collagen type I, II and X, according to Western Blot analysis. This protocol is easy to perform and can be used at research laboratories, industries and for educational purposes in laboratory courses.

Topic: Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
701 PUBLICATIONS\t\t\t26,087\tCITATIONS SEE PROFILE

Abnormal synaptic\tplasticity\tand\timpaired spatial cognition\tin\tmice\ttransgenic\tfor\tthe human Huntington&amp;apos;s\tdisease\tmutation

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences