jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3533: Zebrafish <i>her3</i> knockout impacts developmental and rhabdomyosarcoma-related gene signatures

Abstract HES3 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates neural stem cell renewal during development. HES3 overexpression is predictive of reduced overall survival in patients with fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma, a pediatric cancer that resembles immature and undifferentiated skeletal muscle and is most commonly driven by the fusion-oncogene PAX3-FOXO1. However, the mechanisms of HES3 cooperation in PAX3-FOXO1 driven rhabdomyosarcoma are unclear and are likely related to her3/HES3’s role in neurogenesis. To investigate HES3’s function during development, we generated a zebrafish CRISPR/Cas9 null mutation of her3, the zebrafish ortholog of HES3. Phenotypic characterization revealed that her3 null mutation is not embryonic lethal as they are present at expected Mendelian ratios. We observed a temporary growth delay her3 zebrafish null mutants and, rarely, eye defects in adults. Transcriptomic analysis of her3 null mutant embryos showed early dysregulation of a known downstream target, neurog1 and downregulation of genes involved in organ development, such as pctp and grinab, while genes pointing toward a terminal differentiation state, such as tmod, are upregulated. Differentially expressed genes in her3 null mutant embryos are enriched for HOX and SOX10 motifs, suggesting these may be key genes involved during HES3 dysregulation. Several cancer-related gene pathways are impacted, including the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and the tumor microenvironment pathway. To complement our zebrafish model, we are developing a double-inducible cell line model consisting of a tetracycline-inducible HES3 and a cumate-inducible PAX3-FOXO1 to further investigate the hypothesized cooperation between her3/HES3 and PAX3-FOXO1 in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. These two systems will allow us to elucidate conserved mechanisms of cooperation between HES3 and PAX3-FOXO1, and identify new therapeutic opportunities for children with fusion-driven rhabdomyosarcoma. Citation Format: Matthew R. Kent, Delia Calderon, Katherine M. Silvius, Jack P. Kucinski, Collette A. LaVigne, Matthew V. Cannon, Genevieve C. Kendall. Zebrafish her3 knockout impacts developmental and rhabdomyosarcoma-related gene signatures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3533.

Topic: FOXO transcription factor regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Growth of Bt cotton as influenced by time of fertilizer application and farm yard manure levels under rainfed condition

Growth of crop may differ with fertilizer application time and farm yard manure levels practices. Hence a field experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.) during kharif 2021-2022 season to study the response of Bt cotton to time of fertilizer application and farm yard manure levels under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The present investigation consisted of sixteen treatment combinations. Treatments details consist of time of fertilizer application in main plot and in sub plot four levels of FYM. The treatments were allotted randomly in each replication. Result of study revealed that among different time of fertilizer application (T1) application of basal dose at sowing, splitting of N as per recommendation recorded taller plant height, maximum number of functional leaves plant-1, highest number of monopodial branches plant-1 and highest number of sympodial branches plant-1 which was significantly better than (T3) application of basal dose at 30 DAS, splitting of N as 30% each at 45 DAS and 75 DAS and (T4) application of basal dose at 30 DAS, splitting of N as 30% each at 60 DAS and 75 DAS and found at par to (T2) application basal dose at 15 DAS, splitting of N as per recommendation. Among different levels of FYM application (M2) application of hill placement of 75% FYM at sowing recorded taller plant height, maximum number of functional leaves plant-1, highest number of monopodial branches plant-1 and highest number of sympodial branches plant-1 which was significantly better than (M1) recommended dose of FYM by broadcasting before last harrowing and (M4) control and found at par to (M3) application of hill placement of 50% FYM at sowing.

Topic: Research in Cotton Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Representative bureaucracy and its symbolic effect on citizens: a conceptual replication

Representative bureaucracy has been a topic of research for over half a century, but only recently studied experimentally. Initial empirical findings from two prior experiments – one involving policing, the other recycling – showed gender representation effects on citizens’ trust and cooperation. In this conceptual replication, we examine gender representation effects in another policy domain: emergency preparedness. However, despite using a similar sample and experimental paradigm, we find no effects. These null findings are important, as they suggest that the symbolic effects of gender representation may be policy-specific – and that replication is needed to test the boundary conditions of previously reported results.

Topic: Gender Diversity and Inequality
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
ESTRATÉGIAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO PARA ADESÃO À  PROFILAXIA PRÉ-EXPOSIÇÃO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES E JOVENS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Objective: To analyze how health communication strategies influence the acceptance and adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV among adolescents and young people in vulnerable situations. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, guided by the PICO strategy and based on the methodological criteria proposed by Maria Thereza Souza from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The search was carried out in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases, considering publications from 2013 to 2024. Study screening and organization were conducted using the Rayyan platform. Results: A total of 10 scientific articles, one official protocol, and one technical note—both issued by the Brazilian Ministry of Health—were included. The studies indicate that digital technologies, social media, and educational interventions are effective in promoting awareness and adherence to PrEP among adolescents and young people. However, challenges remain, such as the use of technical language, ethical barriers, social stigma, and limited access to information. Discussion: Digital technologies have shown communication potential with young audiences, especially when messages are personalized, accessible, and respectful of diversity. More inclusive and culturally sensitive strategies are essential to expand the reach of prevention efforts. Conclusion: PrEP acceptance can be strengthened through accessible and personalized communication strategies aligned with clinical guidelines and public policies that safeguard the rights to health, prevention, and the HIV response among young people in vulnerable situations.

Topic: Science and Education Research
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploring Inpatient Hospitalizations and Morbidity in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency

Context: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) (primary AI [PAI], secondary AI due to a pituitary disorder [PIT] and congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH]) have reduced life expectancy; however, the underlying explanation remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate characteristics, comorbidities, and hospitalizations in AI patients. Design: Retrospective observational. Setting and Population: Using a United States-based national payer database comprising of more than 108 million members, strict inclusion criteria including diagnostic codes and steroid prescription records were used to identify 10 383 adults with AI; 1014 with PAI, 8818 with PIT, and 551 with CAH. Patients were matched 1:1 to controls, based on age (±5 y), gender, insurance, and region and followed for more than 12 months. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic variables, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] types 1 and 2, depression, anxiety, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) and hospitalization incidence. Results: Compared with controls, patients with AI had higher odds of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, depression, and anxiety, ranging from an odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 for hyperlipidaemia in PAI to 3.85 for DM in CAH. Odds of having DM (OR, 3.85; 95% confidence interval, 2.52–5.90) or anxiety (OR, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.02–4.42) compared with controls were highest in CAH, whereas depression was highest in PAI and PIT (OR, 2.40 and 2.55). ORs of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension (OR, 1.98 and 2.24) were highest in the PIT cohort. Inpatient admissions were more frequent in PAI (4.64:1; P &amp;lt; .0001) and PIT (4.00:1; P &amp;lt; .0001) than controls; infection was the most common cause for admission. Conclusion: Patients with AI carry a significant metabolic and psychiatric burden, with higher risk of comorbidities and hospital admissions than matched controls.

Topic: Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Factors Affecting Obesity in Urban and Rural Adolescents: Demographic, Socioeconomic Characteristics, Health Behavior and Health Education

In this study, we aimed to analyze the demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behavior factors, and health education of urban and rural adolescents and their impact on obesity in rural and urban youths. We analyzed data from 60,040 students from 800 schools using the 14th Youth Health Behavior Web-based Survey data for 2018. The mean age of the participants was 15.01 ± 1.77; 30,463 (50.7%) males and 29,577 (49.3%) females. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test and multinominal logistic regression analysis. Rural adolescents had significantly lower parental income, parental education, and academic performance levels. Urban adolescents tended to have a higher rate of breakfast fasting, ate more fast-food, exercised less, had a higher rate of sleep dissatisfaction, and had significantly higher current alcohol intake. Rural adolescents reported more stress and obesity levels than their urban counterparts. Factors influencing the obesity of urban adolescents were grade level, father’s education, mother’s education, academic performance level, fast-food, exercise, current alcohol intake, and sleep satisfaction. Factors influencing the obesity of rural adolescents were parents’ income level, academic performance level, exercise, and sleep satisfaction. To effectively prevent and manage adolescent obesity, which is an indicator of health equity among adolescents, an effort must be made to improve health education and the local environment in both urban and rural areas.

Topic: Health and Wellbeing Research
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
AIS data case study : dredge material placement site evaluation in Frederick Sound near Petersburg, Alaska

The purpose of this Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Technical Note (CHETN) is to present an application of historic vessel position information acquired through the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which provides geo-referenced and time-stamped vessel position information. The US Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District (POA), needed to evaluate potential placement sites for dredged material near Petersburg, AK, and possible impacts to navigation were considered as part of the evaluation process.

Topic: Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
An Analysis Of The Vulnerability To Terrorist Radicalization In Great Britain

To understand the conditions and experiences that might make an individual more vulnerable to terrorist radicalization, this study examines a sample group of Muslim's in Great Britain to determine if responses to survey questions on a range of issues and perceptions can provide indications of an individual's vulnerability to terrorist radicalization. Key to this process was the development of a vulnerability to radicalization score that allowed for an analysis of the relationship between this score and different independent variables. The dataset for this study was obtained using the Pew Research Center's Spring 2006 Global Attitudes Project 15 Nation Survey. This survey contains a significant oversampling of Muslim respondents allowing for the statistical analysis of potential vulnerability. It is important to understand that this analysis does not provide any indication of radicalization, but a vulnerability based upon accepted theories discussed in terrorism literature. The testing of commonly held theories regarding terrorist radicalization produced a very different picture from what has been viewed in the past. New findings include a previously unrecognized quantity of women who are potentially vulnerable to radicalization. Additionally, income and education do not seem to play the pivotal role that is usually expected, and analysis indicates there is a link between the perceptions of actions by the United States government in the war to combat terrorism and the respondents' vulnerability to radicalization. Recommendations are for the refinement and expansion of this study to include the remaining Western European democracies that were sampled and the United States in order to perform a comparative analysis proving a broader understanding regarding the vulnerability of Muslims to terrorist radicalization in Western Democracies.

Topic: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evaluation of somatic cell variants deficient in glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchoring as candidates for genetic correction

Many cell surface glycoproteins are anchored in the lipid bilayer by a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) structure. Recently, a number of cell lines which are deficient in the biosynthesis and/or addition of this anchor have been described. In this report, we summarize the current knowledge on these lines and discuss their potential use to isolate the genes involved in the GPI anchor biosynthetic pathway with a specific emphasis on L cell fibroblasts.

Topic: Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sport participation should not be observed as protective against smoking and drinking in adolescence; cross-sectional cluster-based analysis in Croatian southern regions

Purpose: Sport participation in adolescence is frequently observed as being protective against consumption of psychoactive substances (e.g. cigarettes and alcohol), but limited number of studies directly examined this problem while simultaneously observing consump-tion of cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to evidence the possible associations which may exist between different factors explaining participation in sports, and consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in adolescents from Croatia. Methods: The sample comprised 436 adolescents from coastal regions in Croatia (202 fe-males) aged 15–17 years who were tested by previously validated closed structured ques-tionnaire on sport factors (experience in sports [four point scale from “never participated” to “ &gt; 5 years”], sport competitive achievement [four point scale ranging from “never competed” to “national/international competitive achievement”], number of sport training sessions per week [four point scale ranging from “didn’t participate” to “sometimes even twice a day”]), cigarette smoking (four point scale ranging from “never smoked” to “more than 10 cigarettes per day”), and alcohol consumption (measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – AUDIT). Cluster analysis calculated on the basis of cigarette smoking and AUDIT results was used to form homogenous groups (substance misuse clusters – SMC). The Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance (KWA) was calculated to identify the differences between SMC in studied sport factors. Results: Four SMC were formed indicating: (i) high alcohol + high cigarettes (SMC1: n=42), (ii) high alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC2: n=115), (iii) low alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC3: n=226), and (iv) low alcohol + high cigarettes consumption (SMC4: n=53). When calculat-ed for total sample of participants, the KWA revealed significant differences among SMC, with significant post-hoc differences between SMC1 and SMC3 in all sport-factors (H test: 9.5-to-17.5, p 80% of all SMC1 members). Gender-specific KWA did not reveal significant differences among SMC in studied sport factors. Conclusion: Study results do not support the theory of protective effects of sport participation against substance misuse in adolescence. Even more, there are some indices that sport par-ticipation may be observed risk factor for consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in this age group. Social acceptance of smoking and drinking in sport-society in the region is probable reason for relatively high rates of substance misuse in adolescents who are actively involved in sports.

Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Locational Analysis of Crimes and Its Impact Toward The Housing Prices

Residential property is a basic need in people’s life and it is very important for humans to have a shelter. In general, crime plays a main role in the health of a city’s housing market. Areas that have low crime rates would enjoy higher property values simply because the buyers are willing to spend for security that they desired. On behalf of that, the objectives of this research are to analyze how the location impacts the crimes and to study the relationship between the location of crime and housing prices. The objectives of this study are achieved by analyzing the transaction data of residential properties provided by the Valuation and Property Services Department (JPPH) and the data of crime rates from Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah (IPD) Batu Pahat. Hence, the research is focusing on Batu Pahat, Johor. The methodology that will be used in this study is the quantitative technique. The findings of this study revealed that the location that is near to the Central Business District (CBD) will increase the crime rates within the area and the regression analysis shows that there is a positive relationship between the location of crime and the housing prices.

Topic: Housing Market and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Fresnel Based Phase Optimised General Error Diffusion Algorithm for Optical Beam Shaping

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. L. Ramsey, V. P. Sivokon, T. J. Hall, I. Andonovic, and C. Michie, "Fresnel Based Phase Optimised General Error Diffusion Algorithm for Optical Beam Shaping," in International Optical Design Conference and Optical Fabrication and Testing , OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper IThA6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Topic: Advanced optical system design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Adulticidal, Larvicidal, and Repellent Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Moringa oleifera against Rhipicephalus microplus Cattle Ticks

The emergence of tick resistance against synthetic and eco-toxic chemical acaricides has stressed the need to find target-specific, non-toxic, and more potent alternatives such as botanicals. The current study was designed to investigate the acaricidal and repellent potential of ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera seeds against Rhipicephalus microplus cattle ticks. Adult immersion test, larval immersion test, and tick climbing repellent assay were carried out to evaluate the acaricidal and repellent potential of M. oleifera extract. Five different concentrations (20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 %) of the ethyl acetate extract of M. oleifera were prepared to evaluate the acaricidal and repellent potential. Different parameters like adult tick mortality, larval mortality, egg hatchability, inhibition of egg hatchability, oviposition reduction, reproductive index, reproductive efficiency index, tick repellency, and product effectiveness were determined. Ethyl acetate extract of M. oleifera showed 70% adult mortality after 24 h treatment when 20% concentration was used. Similarly, 73% larval tick mortality was observed at 20% concentration. The results also showed the dose-dependent response of ethyl acetate extract of M. oleifera seeds against egg hatchability, inhibition of egg hatchability, oviposition reduction, reproductive index, reproductive efficiency index, and tick repellency, confirming that 20% concentration is effective as an acaricide and repellent against R. microplus. Therefore, the tested extract can be considered a possible candidate for controlling R. microplus in cattle.

Topic: Moringa oleifera research and applications
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Scanning Electron Microscope: A New Potential Tool to Replace Gram Staining for Microbe Identification in Blood Cultures

Blood culture is currently the most commonly used method for diagnosing sepsis and bloodstream infections. However, the long turn-around-time to achieve microbe identification remains a major concern for clinical microbiology laboratories. Gram staining for preliminary identification remains the gold standard. We developed a new rapid strategy using a tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared its performance with Gram staining for the detection of micro-organisms and preliminary identification directly from blood cultures. We first optimised the sample preparation for twelve samples simultaneously, saving time on imaging. In this work, SEM proved its ability to identify bacteria and yeasts in morphotypes up to the genus level in some cases. We blindly tested 1075 blood cultures and compared our results to the Gram staining preliminary identification, with MALDI-TOF/MS as a reference. This method presents major advantages such as a fast microbe identification, within an hour of the blood culture being detected positive, low preparation costs, and data traceability. This SEM identification strategy can be developed into an automated assay from the sample preparation, micrograph acquisition, and identification process. This strategy could revolutionise urgent microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences