jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Foam sclerotherapy: the Maltese experience

Objectives: To describe demographics and outcomes of a new sclerotherapy service – Foam sclerotherapy (FS), for venous disease at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta Methods: The data of a consecutive series of patients undergoing FS were prospectively entered into a database and the results analysed. Medical notes of patients were also reviewed. Patients underwent detailed venous duplex scanning before and after each intervention and at follow-up visits. Results: 121 patients underwent a total of 204 FS procedures between November 2008 and October 2011. 22% were male and 78% of the procedures were done in female patients. 151 (74%) of procedures were done in patients above the age of 50 years. 74(37%) interventions were for recurrent varicose veins and 113(55%) for chronic venous insufficiency (CEAP4-6). 77 (38%) patients had active or healed venous ulceration as the indication for treatment. 83% of ulcers healed after foam sclerotherapy during the follow up period. 88.3% (143/162) of veins treated were completely occluded while 11.7% (19/162) were partially occluded. In the majority (64%) only one treatment session was required. One patient sustained an anaphylactic reaction to the sclerosant. No deep vein thromboses, cardiovascular events, pulmonary embolism or other major complications were reported. Skin staining was reported in 21.5% of cases. Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy is a safe and cheap treatment modality resulting in high rates of venous ulcer healing and successful venous occlusion and a very low complication rate. The success rate of foam sclerotherapy in Malta is comparable to that reported in the literature.

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
1 Operatic Enlightenment in<i>Die Zauberflöte</i>

Abstract This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
EFFECT OF THE PARASITOID <i>DIAERETIELLA RAPAE</i> ON THE FEEDING RATE OF ITS HOST <i>BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE</i>

The food uptake by Brevicoryne brassicae , as measured by accumulation of radiophosphorus, is influenced by the presence of developing larvae of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. Though the egg and embryonic stages of the parasitoid have no effect on host feeding the presence of a first‐instar larva lowers the food uptake. Feeding returns to a level similar to that of non‐parasitised aphids when a second‐instar parasitoid is present within a host, but drops again when the third instar is reached. Host death occurs during the fourth‐larval instar. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER EINFLUSS DES PARASITOIDEN DIAERETIELLA RAPAE AUF DIE FUTTERAUFNAHME DES WIRTS BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE Der Einfluss der Parasitierung durch den Parasitoiden Diaeretiella rapae auf die Futteraufnahme von Brevicoryne brassicae wurde mit Hilfe ausgeschnittener, mit Radiophosphor behandelter Blätter studiert. Während der ersten Phase, wenn das Ei und die Embryonalstadien des Parasitoiden vorhanden sind, bleibt die Futteraufnahme unverändert. Dagegen fällt sie auf ein gesichert niedrigeres Niveau als bei nichtparasitierten Blattläusen während des ersten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden (48 h). Dies ist eine Folge der aktiven Futteraufnahme des Parasitoiden. Während des zweiten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden steigt die Futteraufnahme des Wirts wieder an und zwar auf das Niveau nichtparasitierter Blattläuse. Das zweite Larvenstadium des Parasitoiden ist ein Ruhestadium und ernährt sich von flüssigen und halbflüssigen Nährstoffen. Während des dritten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden fällt die Futteraufnahme des Wirts und der Tod tritt während des vierten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden ein.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of extended spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae from food animals In Turkey

SUMMARY Extended-spectrum β−lactamases (ESBLs) which confer resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams are studied in detail in human medicine but data on ESBLs of animal origin are still limited. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae from healthy food animals in Turkey. Fecal samples or rectal swabs were obtained from cattle, calves, sheep from slaughterhouses and farms. Antibiotic supplemented medium was used for the selective isolation of potential ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Of 349 samples, five (2.1%) from cattle had Enterobacteriaceae with the ESBL phenotype. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the ESBL phenotypes. All of the five isolates harboured TEM-1 and SHV (four isolates SHV-5 and one isolate SHV-12) type β−lactamases and none of the isolates harboured CTX-M type ESBLs. In conclusion, commensal Enterobactericeae strains of food animals may be a reservoir of ESBL and studies on bacteria of animal origin must be carried out which will improve our understanding on the evolution of β−lactamases and the factors lead to this resistance.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Title：Gγ-protein GS3 function in tight genetic relation with OsmiR396/GS2 to regulate grain size in rice

<title>Abstract</title> Manipulating grain size demonstrates great potential for yield promotion in cereals since it is tightly associated with grain weight. Genetically, grain size is under complicated molecular and genetic modulation of different signaling and metabolic pathways. Several pathways modulating grain size have been elaborated in rice, but the possible crosstalk between the ingredients are rarely studied, together with the underlying mechanism. OsmiR396 negatively regulates grain size through targeting OsGRF4 and OsGRF8, and proves to be multi-functioning. G proteins function extensively in rice to regulate grain size. Here we showed that expression of <italic>GS3</italic> gene that encodes Gγ-protein was down-regulated in the young embryos of MIM396, GRF8OE and GS2OE plants. Multiple biochemical assays proved possible transcriptional regulation of GRF4 and GRF8 on <italic>GS3</italic> gene. Further genetic relation analysis revealed tight genetic association between not only OsmiR396 and <italic>GS3</italic> gene, but also <italic>GS2</italic> and <italic>GS3</italic> gene. Thus, we revealed that the miR396 pathway and the G protein pathway could cross talk in the regulation of grain size.

Topic: Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Saving Time and Annihilating Space: Discourses of Speed in AT&amp;T Advertising, 1909-1929

In the early years of the 20th century, advertisements for the telephone—especially those created for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&amp;T)—did far more than sell the public on telephone service. They can be seen as constituting a pedagogy of modernity that was instrumental in shaping modern conceptions of time and space in the social imagination. This essay draws on numerous examples of telephone advertising and illustrates how they deployed representations of time and space in the discursive construction of speed as a product of the telephone. The author argues that the tropes of speed engaged by these advertisements aligned the possibilities afforded by modern technology with the acceleration of capitalism itself.

Topic: Music History and Culture
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Norwegian Winter Herring Fishery: A Story of Technological Progress and Stock Collapse

In the 1970s, herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic were nearly fished to extinction. This collapse is usually attributed to technological advances. We investigate the empirical impact of technological shocks on herring stocks. We show evidence that the power block was the principal factor in the demise of the stock. We also look at the sensitivity of catch to stock size and technological shocks. We measure a significant stock effect in the 1950s, contrary to what we expect. A simulation model indicates that this could have been caused by an increasing range of the fishing fleet due to ongoing technological progress. <i>(JEL C53, Q22)</i>

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Ion-Exchange Kinetics for the Removal of Potassium from Crude Polyols on Strong Acid Resins

Abstract Batch dynamics for the uptake of potassium from crude polyols on Amberlite 252, a strong acid ion-exchange resin, are obtained over a wide range of conditions. Experimental data have been analyzed using a homogeneous model with finite solution volume. An increase of diffusion coefficients with the resin weight used in the purification is observed. An asymptotic maximum value, approaching the value of the diffusion coefficient in bulk solution, is reached for high resin weights or low values of external concentration. The heterogeneous nature of the resin matrix and the large size of the diffusing molecule is proposed as an explanation of this behavior. The proposed purification procedure finds general applicability for other polyol types, being economically and technically feasible. Key Words: PolyolsIon exchangeKineticOrganic media

Topic: Protein purification and stability
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Design optimization of truss structures using cuckoo search algorithm

SUMMARY A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm is developed to solve truss optimization problems. The new algorithm, called cuckoo search (CS), is examined by solving five truss design optimization problems with increasing numbers of design variables and complexity in constraints. The performance of the CS algorithm is further compared with various classical and advanced algorithms, selected from a wide range of the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the area. The results identify that the final solutions obtained by the CS are superior compared with the best solutions obtained by the other algorithms. Finally, the unique search features used in the CS and the implications for future researches are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
’Protecting’ Women: Legislation and Regulation of Women’s Sexuality in Colonial Malaya

This article traces the origins, development and impact of the women and girls’ protection legislation in Malaysia. It shows how the stigma attached to those working in the sex industry today not only has historical origins, but also stems from legislation that was supposedly formulated to protect them. By critiquing the measures offered under the colonial era Women and Girls’ Protection Ordinance, I argue that these were flawed because there were other unstated motivations for enacting this law. For various reasons, right from the beginning, the desires of men—both from the white colonial government as well as the Chinese ruling elite-were prioritized over the interests of prostitutes.

Topic: Asian Studies and History
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Musculoskeletal disorders in Norway: prevalence

Background: Uncertainty exists with regards to the extent of prevalence and health care use for musculoskeletal disorders in Norway. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal disorders and to estimate the prevalence of persons receiving primary and specialist health services for these disorders. Methods: We used three data-sources. First, four discrete years of the nationally representative cross-sectional Survey of Health and Living Conditions (SHLC) conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012 by Statistics Norway. Second, we used the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) to estimate the proportion of the population who used specialist health services in 2012. Third, we used the national register dataset for reimbursement of primary care physicians, chiropractors and physiotherapists (KUHR) to estimate the proportion of the population attending primary care physicians, chiropractors or physiotherapists in 2012. Age- and sex-specific prevalence/utilization estimates for musculoskeletal disorders were calculated. Results: In 2012, 18 % of men and 27 % of women reported musculoskeletal disorders lasting for six months or more in the SHLC. Primary health care services reimbursed for musculoskeletal disorders were used by 37 % of women and 30 % of men. Of these 32 % (women) and 26 % (men) were physician contacts and between 5 and 9% physiotherapist or chiropractor or combined contact types. Corresponding numbers for specialist services were 5%

Topic: Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Kingdom-Wide Analysis of Fungal Protein-Coding and tRNA Genes Reveals Conserved Patterns of Adaptive Evolution

Abstract Protein-coding genes evolved codon usage bias due to the combined but uneven effects of adaptive and nonadaptive influences. Studies in model fungi agree on codon usage bias as an adaptation for fine-tuning gene expression levels; however, such knowledge is lacking for most other fungi. Our comparative genomics analysis of over 450 species supports codon usage and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) as coadapted for translation speed and this is most likely a realization of convergent evolution. Rather than drift, phylogenetic reconstruction inferred adaptive radiation as the best explanation for the variation of interspecific codon usage bias. Although the phylogenetic signals for individual codon and tRNAs frequencies are lower than expected by genetic drift, we found remarkable conservation of highly expressed genes being codon optimized for translation by the most abundant tRNAs, especially by inosine-modified tRNAs. As an application, we present a sequence-to-expression neural network that uses codons to reliably predict highly expressed transcripts. The kingdom Fungi, with over a million species, includes many key players in various ecosystems and good targets for biotechnology. Collectively, our results have implications for better understanding the evolutionary success of fungi, as well as informing the biosynthetic manipulation of fungal genes.

Topic: Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Drug transporter expression and function in primary cultures of human renal epithelial cells

Primary epithelial cell cultures are an important model for studying drug transporters in vitro. They can be used as a replacement for animal models and possibly are more suitable due to variation in transporter expression between animal and human tissue. The aim of this study was to validate the use of primary epithelial cell cultures as a model for studying drug transporter expression and function in human kidney. Primary epithelial cells were isolated from human kidney tissue samples and cultured for 7 to 10 days. qPCR was used to determine mRNA expression of key transporters in the primary cells. Cells were grown on permeable filter supports to create polarised monolayers and transport of a range of radio‐labelled compounds was tested across the cell monolayers. Dye retention assays were used to determine the presence of functional efflux transporters. Expression of mRNA for a range of prototypic transporters including OCT‐2, MDR1 and MRP was confirmed. Basolateral to apical transport of various compounds including metformin and indomethacin was shown suggesting possible elimination via the kidney. Hoechst 33342 retention assay showed expression of functional MDR1. CMFDA dye retention assay showed presence of MK571 sensitive transporters, likely to be MRPs. These findings show that primary cell cultures are a good model for studying drug transporter expression and function in human kidney.

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Association of human herpesvirus 6 with lymphoid malignancies in Iraqi patients

Background: Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) is associated with roseola infantum during childhood followed by life-long latency that periodically reactivated in immunocompromised individuals . In spite of several studies to establish the pathogenic role of HHV-6 in lymphoid malignancies, the issue is still controversial.
 Objectives: This study was arranged to explore the association of HHV-6 infection in lymphoid malignancies using different serological and molecular techniques and to quantify the plasma viral load.
 Patients and methods: This cross-sectional case control study was conducted in National Center for Hematological Diseases (NCHD) at Al-Mustansiriyah University and Baghdad Teaching Hospital (BTH) in Baghdad-Iraq from September 2013 till April 2015. The patient group consists of 11 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and 39 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of both sexes. The age range was between 15-80 years. The diagnosis of lymphomas was based on hematological and histopathological criteria. 59 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. They were chosen from unpaid blood donors. The age range was between 18-59 years. Human privacy was respected by taken participant's oral consensus. The seropositivity rate of anti-HHV-6 IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT). The molecular detection and determination of plasma viral DNA load was achieved by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All data were statistically analyzed, and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
 Results: The anti-HHV-6 IgG positivity rate by IFAT was insignificantly higher in HL (81.8% vs 61.0% p=0.186) and NHL (64.1% vs 61.0%, p =0.758) compared to control group. The anti-HHV-6 IgG positivity rate by ELISA was 81.8% in HL, 84.6% in NHL versus 72.9 % in controls which were insignificant in both groups (p=0.534 and p=0.173) respectively. The anti-HHV-6 IgM positivity rate by ELISA technique among patients with HL was significantly higher compared to controls (27.2% vs 6.8%, p= 0.038), but not significant in NHL (17.9% vs 6.8%, p= 0.086). HHV-6 DNA was detected in (27.3%) patients with HL by PCR technique, but none of the controls or NHL patients was positive. The plasma viral DNA load of the patient with HL was
1.4± 0.3 x105 copies/milliliter.
 Conclusion: Although a higher anti-HHV-6 antibodies positivity rate among patients with HL and NHL, the pathogenic role of the virus in the development of these malignancies was difficult to be ascertain.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Clear Mirror on Which to Reflect

This study aimed to distinguish beneficial and non-beneficial support for men in same-sex friendships. The empirical material was gathered using thematic interviews with 25 Finnish men. Two supportive sequences and five beneficial support approaches were identified. These approaches were listening, compassion, reassurance, appraisal, and distraction. Men described the quality of beneficial support as subtle, authentic, and honest. The results showed that men favored implicit, responsive support over initiated verbal behaviors. The purpose of such support was to be supportive of the seeker’s autonomy and to represent an emotionally solid friend who is unbiased but motivated to support. To determine beneficial support to a group of people, studies need to consider situational factors such as relationship and culture. The results are discussed in light of previous research on supportive communication.

Topic: Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Dyslipidemia in Patients with Chronic and End-Stage Kidney Disease

In this review, we discuss the physiology, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with chronic and end-stage renal disease. The recent important clinical trials in patients with chronic kidney disease and dyslipidemia are reviewed. Because of the lack of evidence in treating lipid abnormalities in this specific patient population, we propose that future studies should focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment of dyslipidemia in this special patient population.

Topic: Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Skp1 prolyl hydroxylase from Dictyostelium is related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha class of animal prolyl 4-hydroxylases.

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: The Skp1 prolyl hydroxylase from Dictyostelium is related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha class of animal prolyl 4-hydroxylases.

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synthesis of Novel Phosphorylated Daidzein Derivatives and ESI Investigation on Their Non‐Covalent Complexes with Lysozyme.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences