jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A review on the status of post-harvest loss in vegetable crop and their management options

Today, one of the main global challenges is how to ensure food security for a world growing population whilst ensuring long-term sustainable development. Increasing emphasis on higher value farm products to meet the changing diets of urban consumers has focused renewed attention on post-harvest systems, while unacceptably high losses due to poor handling and lack of appropriate infrastructure have reduced economic benefits to small producers. Post-harvest activities are an integral part of the food production system which mainly includes vegetables which can be defined as any edible and usually succulent, portion of plant or part of a plant other than a sweet fruit or seed with savory flavor. These edible portions include roots, tubers, stems, buds, bulbs, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits. Vegetables are diverse in their morphological structure, nutritional composition and general physiology. By nature, all vegetables have a high moisture content which renders them to be highly perishable such, that if not handled properly, a high-value nutritious product can deteriorate and decay in a matter of days or even hours (Kader, 2002). In some areas of the country, root crops particularly potatoes and sweet potatoes are used as staple food for considerable portion of the population. The expression "post-harvest losses" means a measurable quantitative and qualitative loss in a given product.in the other Post-harvest activities include cooling, curing, handling, storage, processing, packaging, transport and the market phase. Post-harvest losses can occur as a loss in edibility, nutritional quality, caloric value, or consumer acceptability. The factors contributing to these losses includes; the initial quality of the crop, mechanical injury, temperature, humidity, handling given to the crop and storage atmosphere. In view of these factors, a good sanitation management in all pre and post-harvest operations in vegetable crops will help in eliminating sources of infection and reducing levels of contamination.

Topic: Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Higher Serum EPA or DHA, and Lower ARA Compositions with Age Independent Fatty Acid Intake in Japanese Aged 40 to 79

Abstract Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are the predominant long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) among membrane phospholipids in the mammalian brain and neural tissues. This cross‐sectional study examined age effects on serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and ARA compositions assessed with reference to dietary intakes among 1,014 Japanese men and 1,028 Japanese women aged 40–79 years. Venous blood was collected early in the morning after at least 12‐h fasting. Serum fatty acid (FA) compositions were expressed as molar percentages of the total FA (mol% of total). Diet was assessed using a 3‐day dietary record that included photographs. Participants were categorized into groups by sex and age (40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years). Intakes of fish, EPA, and DHA tended to increase with age. Significant positive correlations between serum FA composition and the corresponding weight percentage of total FA intake were observed for EPA and DHA in all sex and age groups, and for ARA among females in their 40s. Serum EPA and DHA compositions were higher, while ARA decreased with age, and these associations remained consistent even after adjusting for corresponding FA intake. These results suggest potential effects of age on differences in blood EPA, DHA, and ARA compositions, independent of corresponding FA intake among community‐dwelling Japanese men and women.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
An automated device for the production of cell preparations suitable for automatic assessment.

A set of preparatory steps has been developed for the processing of clinical samples from the female genital tract onto microscopic slides suitable both for machine assessment and for regular microscopic evaluation. These steps involve the depositing of the cell sample in a collection fluid, the semi-automatic adjustment of cell concentration to about 30,000 cells per milliliter through a combination of transmittance and light scatter measurements, the dispersion of the sample by syringing, and the deposition of the cellular content onto microscope slides by centrifugation. These steps were designed so as not to allow loss of cells--except the lysis of erythrocytes--with the understanding that this condition entails the presence of 4--10 per cent cell aggregates in the final preparation.

Topic: Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
FlowPix: Accelerating Image Processing Pipelines on an FPGA Overlay using a Domain Specific Compiler

The exponential performance growth guaranteed by Moore’s law has started to taper in recent years. At the same time, emerging applications like image processing demand heavy computational performance. These factors inevitably lead to the emergence of domain-specific accelerators (DSA) to fill the performance void left by conventional architectures. FPGAs are rapidly evolving towards becoming an alternative to custom ASICs for designing DSAs because of their low power consumption and a higher degree of parallelism. DSA design on FPGAs requires careful calibration of the FPGA compute and memory resources towards achieving optimal throughput. Hardware Descriptive Languages (HDL) like Verilog have been traditionally used to design FPGA hardware. HDLs are not geared towards any domain, and the user has to put in much effort to describe the hardware at the register transfer level. Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) and compilers have been recently used to weave together handwritten HDLs templates targeting a specific domain. Recent efforts have designed DSAs with image-processing DSLs targeting FPGAs. Image computations in the DSL are lowered to pre-existing templates or lower-level languages like HLS-C. This approach requires expensive FPGA re-flashing for every new workload. In contrast to this fixed-function hardware approach, overlays are gaining traction. Overlays are DSAs resembling a processor, which is synthesized and flashed on the FPGA once but is flexible enough to process a broad class of computations through soft reconfiguration. Less work has been reported in the context of image processing overlays. Image processing algorithms vary in size and shape, ranging from simple blurring operations to complex pyramid systems. The primary challenge in designing an image-processing overlay is maintaining flexibility in mapping different algorithms. This paper proposes a DSL-based overlay accelerator called FlowPix for image processing applications. The DSL programs are expressed as pipelines, with each stage representing a computational step in the overall algorithm. We implement 15 image-processing benchmarks using FlowPix on a Virtex-7-690t FPGA. The benchmarks range from simple blur operations to complex pipelines like Lucas-Kande optical flow. We compare FlowPix against existing DSL-to-FPGA frameworks like Hetero-Halide and Vitis Vision library that generate fixed-function hardware. On most benchmarks, we see up to 25% degradation in latency with approximately a 1.7x to 2x increase in the FPGA LUT consumption. Our ability to execute any benchmark without incurring the high costs of hardware synthesis, place-and-route, and FPGA re-flashing justifies the slight performance loss and increased resource consumption that we experience. FlowPix achieves an average frame rate of 170 FPS on HD frames of 1920 × 1080 pixels in the implemented benchmarks.

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Endopeptidase Isoenzyme Characteristics in <i>Cucumis sativus</i> Leaves During Dark‐induced Senescence

Abstract The changes and characteristics of endopeptidase (EP) isoenzymes in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) leaves during dark‐induced senescence were investigated by activity staining after gradient‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (G‐PAGE) containing co‐polymerized gelatin as substrate. The results showed that both the chlorophyll and the protein contents of leaves were decreased, and the protein degradation was correlated with the increase of proteolytic activity during the course of leaf senescence. Meanwhile, nine cucumber endopeptidases isoenzymes (CEP) with 140, 120, 106, 94, 76, 55, 46, 39 and 35 kDa molecular weights were detected. Four of these, CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 appeared all the time, but the changes of the activity were different during incubation. Another four CEPs (CEP5, 6, 7 and CEP8) whose activities increased with dark‐induced time were only detected in senescent leaves. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of these nine CEP were also characterized. All the CEPs had high activities from 35 °C to 45 °C, and the optimum temperature was found to be 40 °C. However, the activities of CEPs were not detected below 25 °C or over 60 °C. The activity bands appeared at a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 9.0, but the optimum pH was found at 7.0. No CEPs were detected at pH 4 or pH 10. By inhibition analysis we concluded that CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 were serine endopeptidases and CEP6 was a kind of cysteine protease. It is suggested that serine endopeptidases might play a major role in cucumber leaf senescence, and for the first time, six senescence‐related endopeptidases (CEP1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were found in cucumber leaves.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
‘I have a lot of faith in her’: Value of community health workers in addressing family planning in rural Ghana

In rural settings with shortages in trained health care workers, community health workers (CHWs) play an important role in the delivery of health care services. The Ghana Health Service initiated a national CHW programme in 2016 to expand health services to rural populations. This study explored the perceived role and value of CHWs in addressing family planning issues in the Amansie West district of Ghana. The study included in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 28 women in the community, ages 18-49, and 30 CHWs. Using inductive thematic analysis, IDIs were coded to explore opinions on the CHWs' role and perceived value in the delivery of family planning. Participants explained that CHWs provided family planning as part of a healthcare package through household visits and referrals to government services. The value of CHWs in delivering family planning was seen in confidentiality, accessibility, and comfort. Participants recommended an enlarged CHW workforce with a range of commodities and programmatic support. The findings suggest CHWs play an important role in promoting family planning, by serving as a bridge between the community and clinics. In rural communities where resources are scarce, CHWs are an invaluable part of the broader healthcare system.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
SH1828953.08FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
To study the haematological parameters in culturable carps after exposure to lead acetate and nickel chloride

Major environmental problems nowadays refer to heavy metals which are known to deteriorate the natural phenomenon of all the living beings of the ecosystem. The present study was carried out in two freshwater fishes, Catla catla and Labeo rohita exposed to Lead acetate and Nickel chloride to determine the lethal concentration (Lc50) for 96 hour. The 96h LC50 for both the species was computed as 14.35 mg/L (L. rohita) and 16.75 mg/L (C. catla). The same fishes were treated with sub-lethal concentrations for determining the hematological parameters. All the variations in parameters were dose dependent and were in parenthesis. The experiment was carried out for four weeks and observed that erythrocytes count, hemoglobin and the hematocrit value increased gradually with exposure time while the leukocytes count decreased. Serum protein and serum glucose were found to be affected significantly. Lead acetate seems to be more effective than the nickel chloride.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
In the random graph G(n,p),p=n^{-a} : if psi has probability 0(n^{-epsilon}) for every epsilon &gt; 0 then it has probability 0(e^{-n^epsilon}) for some epsilon &gt; 0

Shelah Spencer [ShSp:304] proved the 0-1 law for the random graphs G(n,p_n), p_n=n^{- alpha}, alpha in (0,1) irrational (set of nodes in [n]= {1, ...,n}, the edges are drawn independently, probability of edge is p_n). One may wonder what can we say on sentences psi for which Prob (G(n,p_n) models psi) converge to zero, Lynch asked the question and did the analysis, getting (for every psi): EITHER [(alpha)] Prob [G(n,p_n) models psi]=cn^{- beta} + O(n^{- beta-epsilon}) for some epsilon such that beta &gt;epsilon&gt;0 OR [(beta)] Prob (G(n,p_n) models psi)= O(n^{-epsilon}) for every epsilon&gt;0. Lynch conjectured that in case (beta) we have [(beta^+)] Prob (G(n,p_n) models psi)= O(e^{-n^epsilon}) for some epsilon&gt;0. We prove it here.

Topic: Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Epidemiology of Blood Pressure and Its Worldwide Management

Despite the vast amount of evidence on the benefits of blood pressure lowering accumulated to date, elevated blood pressure is still the leading risk factor for disease and disability worldwide. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiological evidence underpinning the association between blood pressure and a range of conditions. This review focuses on the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Evidence for and against the existence of a J-shaped curve association between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, and differences in the predictive power of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, are described. In addition, global and regional trends in blood pressure levels and management of hypertension are reviewed.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relationship between Platelet Aggregation and the Condition of GPIIb-IIIa Complex in Unstimulated Platelets

We used a monoclonal antibody against GP IIb-IIIa complex (NNKY1-32) to study the relationship between platelet aggregation and the condition of GP II b- IIIa complex in unstimulated platelets. The quantities of GP II b- IIIa complex in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (Type I, Type II), Heterozygote, EDTA-treated and cation-treated platelets were classified into three groups according to the binding of anti-GP IIb-IIIa complex antibody. Despite the similarity in binding of monoclonal anti-GP IIb-IIIa complex antibody within each groups, however, differences were found in platelet aggregability between samples. Ca2+ and Mg2+ promoted the reassociation of dissociated GP IIb and GP IIIa in intact cells, and restored aggregabilities of platelets. In particular, mixed materials (Ca2+ Mg2+ + auto-plasma) significantly restored ADP-induced aggregabilities of platelets. These results suggest the following. The conformational change of GP IIb / IIIa after platelet activation also depends on the conditions of complex formation by GP IIb and GP IIIa and the microenvironment around GP IIb / IIIa in resting platelets. Compl ex formation alone is insufficient for ADP-induced aggregation, and the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+and some factors in plsma appears to be necessary condition.

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Root Resorption by Intentional Reimplantation

ABSTRACT External root resorption is a lytic process occurring in the cementum or cementum and dentin of the roots of teeth. It is frequently caused by trauma. Such cases are often difficult to diagnose especially if lesion is on buccal or lingual side, and at times may be difficult to treat using conventional root canal treatment, with extraction being left the only alternative. This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of a case of inflammatory resorption of palatal wall of palatal root of maxillary left first molar by intentional reimplantation. The provisional diagnosis was made from clinical and radiographic observations. The treatment consisted of intentional reimplantation. After extraction it was found that palatal wall of palatal root had been resorbed from furcation till apex. After the resection of the palatal root at the point of resorption, tooth was obturated, reimplanted and splinted. This tooth is serving well since 5 years. How to cite this article Saini SK, Bogra P, Saini A. Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Root Resorption by Intentional Reimplantation. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):106-109.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure 7 from Complex Tumor Genomes Inferred from Single Circulating Tumor Cells by Array-CGH and Next-Generation Sequencing

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 868K, Ratio bin distributions for CTC12 (a) and CTC03 (b) from patient #6. The large bin 13 peak indicates the frequency of oligonucleotides with balanced ratio values. The bins to the right of 13 represent the bins for oligonucleotides with deleted, the bins to the left oligonucleotides with increased values. (a) In CTC12 only one of the bins for deleted values was increased (i.e. bin 15), suggesting that this cell is diploid. In a diploid cell the log2 ratio for balanced values ranges from 0.295 to -0.293 and therefore extends to bins adjacent to 13, which is reflected by the small increases in the bins 12 and 14. The peaks at bins 11 and 12 reflect trisomies (i.e. a 3:2 ratio or an integer copy number of 3), the peak at 9 indicates tetrasomies (i.e. 4:2) or 4 copies). (b) CTC03 had clearly more discrete deleted copy number states visible at bins 15 to 18, suggesting that this cell is tetraploid. In a tetraploid cell the log2 ratio range for balanced values is narrower (i.e. 0.161 to -0.208) as in a diploid cell, which is reflected in the almost empty bins 12 and 14. Bin 15 represents oligonucleotides with ratio values translating to 3 copies, bins 16 and 17 to two copies and bin 18 to one copy. Bin 10 represents 5 copies, bins 8 and 9 six copies, bin 7 seven copies, and bin 4 eight copies.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Alteration of gut microbiota with a broad-spectrum antibiotic does not impair maternal care in the European earwig

Dataset, R script and detailed bioinformatic pipelines used in the publication "Alteration of gut microbiota with a broad-spectrum antibiotic does not impair maternal care in the European earwig"

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Phase I Inspection Report. National Dam Safety Program. Doughty Pond Upper Atlantic County, New Jersey.

This report cites results of a technical investigation as to the dam's adequacy. The inspection and evaluation of the dam is as prescribed by the National Dam Inspection Act, Public Law 92-367. The technical investigation includes visual inspection, review of available design and construction records, and preliminary structural and hydraulic and hydrologic calculations, as applicable. An assessment of the dam's general condition is included in the report. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Labile Organic Matter, Aggregates, and Stratification Ratios in a Semiarid Vineyard with Cover Crops

Under semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions, scarce attention has been given to the utilization of permanent cover crops (PCCs) in vineyard agroecosystems to increase soil organic C (SOC) and to improve the soil quality. We evaluated the feasibility of two permanent cover crops (resident vegetation, RV, and ‘Aurora gold’ blue fescue [ Festuca longifolia Thuill.] vegetation, FV) to increase SOC and to improve the soil quality with respect to conventional tillage in a semiarid vineyard. We studied the influence of these management practices on the labile organic matter fractions (particulate organic C [POC], potentially mineralizable N [PMN], and water‐soluble C [WSC]), on the water aggregate stability (WAS) and on the stratification ratios (SRs) of these soil attributes. The field experiment was conducted on a fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haploxerept soil in a vineyard located in the La Rioja region (northeast Spain). Soil samples were collected from four soil layers (at depths of 0–2.5, 2.5–5, 5–15, and 15–25 cm) during June 2008, 4 yr after cover crop establishment. The SOC content, POC, WSC, PMN, and WAS were measured. At a depth of 0 to 2.5 cm, the cover crops increased SOC, POC, WSC, PMN, and WAS. The C sequestration rates for RV and FV were 1.34 ± 0.31 and 1.52 ± 0.70 Mg ha −1 yr −1 , respectively. Regression analyses indicated positive strong correlations among all parameters monitored. The SRs of the SOC, POC, and PMN were &gt;2 in all depth ratios calculated and therefore were efficient indicators of the soil quality improvement caused by the PCCs. In a semiarid Mediterranean vineyard, a PCC has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance the SOC and to improve the soil quality in the short term.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Enlightenment

Abstract The Enlightenment, as a historical term, is intimately linked to the Ancien Régime: both describe historical constructs that once seemed more French than European, at least in origin, and although the term “Ancien Régime” acquired its meaning only in retrospect (from the perspective of 1790), both were originally used by historians to denote something which had come to an end by 1789. The Enlightenment was the intellectually innovative and emancipatory process which, depending on the definition of the Ancien Régime itself, either modernized the political and social structures of the early modern state, or helped to undermine it and to precipitate the upheaval of the French Revolution.

Topic: European Political History Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences