jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subcellular distributions of lipids in cultured BHK cells: evidence for the enrichment of lysobisphosphatidic acid and neutral lipids in lysosomes

Homogenates of cultured hamster fibroblasts (BHK 21 cells) were fractionated by differential centrifugation into six main fractions: nuclear, mitochondrial, light mitochondrial, microsomal, soluble, and floating. The contents of several lipids and some marker enzymes were measured. According to the enzyme distributions, lysosomes were enriched both in the floating fraction and in the light mitochondrial fraction. Lysobisphosphatidic acid was enriched in the floating fraction more than tenfold relative to phospholipid. Cholesteryl esters and triglycerides were the main constituents of the fraction (70% of total lipids). Lysobisphosphatidic acid, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters were enriched also in the light mitochondrial fraction. Their distribution patterns were different from those of the other lipids. Electron microscopy showed that the floating fraction contained numerous lipofuscin-like particles with darkly stained peripheries and with core regions staining like droplets of neutral lipids. Similar particles, frequently containing prominent multilamellar formations, were also common in intact cells. They contained cytochemically identified acid phosphatase. We conclude that lysobisphosphatidic acid was enriched in the lysosomes of the BHK cells and that the lysosomes also contained variable amounts of neutral lipids in the form of intralysosomal droplets.

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Association between Circulating 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Is Mediated by Gut Microbiota and Fecal and Serum Metabolites in Adults

Scope Vitamin D is vital to cardiovascular health. This study examines the association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the progression of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and identifies the potential mediating biomarkers of gut microbiota and metabolites in adults. Methods and Results This 9‐year prospective study includes 2975 subjects with plasma 25(OH)D at baseline and determined cIMT every 3 years. Higher circulating 25(OH)D is associated with decreased odds of higher (≥median) 9‐year cIMT changes at the common carotid artery (hΔCCA‐cIMT) ( p ‐trend &lt; 0.001). Multivariable‐adjusted OR (95%CI) of hΔCCA‐cIMT for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of 25(OH)D is 0.87 (0.73–1.04) and 0.68 (0.57–0.82). Gut microbiome and metabolome analysis identify 18 biomarkers significantly associated with both 25(OH)D and hΔCCA‐cIMT, including three microbial genera, seven fecal metabolites, eight serum metabolites, and pathway of synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Mediation/path analyses show the scores generated from the overlapped differential gut microbiota, fecal and serum metabolites, and serum acetoacetic acid alone could mediate the beneficial association between 25(OH)D and hΔCCA‐cIMT by 10.8%, 23.1%, 59.2%, and 62.0% (all p &lt; 0.05), respectively. Conclusions These findings show a beneficial association between plasma 25(OH)D and the CCA‐cIMT progression. The identified multi‐omics biomarkers provide novel mechanistic insights for the epidemiological association.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Standardized polytomous discrimination index using concordance

의학진단과 신용평가 등에서 삼항 이상 다항 범주의 결과로 예측되는 경우가 많다. 다항 범주의 문제에 대하여 부합성 (concordance)을 이용한 다섯 종류의 통계량이 제안되고 사용되었다. 그러나 이러한 통계량들은 범주의 뚜렷한 구분없이 표현되어 짝 (pairwise) 접근방법과 집단 (set) 접근방법을 사용하기 어렵고, 이 통계량들의 의미를 명확하게 파악할 수 없다. 따라서 통계량들의 비교분석이 가능하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 평가자료를 새롭게 표현하고, 이를 바탕으로 부합성을 재표현한다. 이 부합성을 이용하여 기존의 통계량들을 새롭게 정의한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법으로 다섯 가지 통계량들의 의미를 설명할 수 있으며 비교 분석이 가능하다. 다양한 자료를 생성하여 분석하여 이 통계량들의 특징을 탐색할 수 있으며 설명할 수 있다. There are many situations that the outcome for clinical decision and credit assessment should be predicted more than two categories. Five kinds of statistics which are used the concordance are proposed and used for these polytomous problems. However, these statistics are defined without exact distinction of categories, so that we have difficulty to use both the pair and set approaches and it is hard to understand the meanings of these statistics. Hence, it is not possible to compare and analyze them. In this paper, the polytomous confusion matrix is standardized and the concordance statistic can be represented based on the confusion matrix. The five kinds of statistics by using the concordance are defined. With the methods proposed in this paper, we could not only explain their meanings but also compare and analyze these statistics. Based on various data sets, properties of these five statistics are explored and explained.

Topic: Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Role of Clay-humus Complexes in Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization Across Paddy Soils in Diverse Indian Soil Orders

Aims: This study investigates the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization within clay-humus complexes across diverse soil orders in Indian paddy soils. By employing FTIR spectroscopy and NaOCl oxidation, it examines how different clay mineral compositions, such as smectite-rich Vertisols, influence SOC stability. Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were collected from paddy-growing regions in India- Entisol from Nadia (West Bengal), Inceptisol from Sonipat (Haryana), Vertisol from Belgaum (Karnataka), and Alfisol from Davanagere (Karnataka), between June 2019 and July 2020. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from paddy-growing regions across four Indian soil orders: Entisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol, and Alfisol. SOC stabilization was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineral composition, total and NaOCl-resistant carbon measurements, and FTIR spectroscopy to characterize functional groups in humic acids and clay-humus complexes. Results: The study found that Vertisol soils, with higher smectite content, showed the highest level of total and stable carbon, while Alfisols, dominated by kaolinite, exhibited lower stability. FTIR analysis indicated strong aromaticity in Vertisol's humic acid, suggesting enhanced stability through complex mineral interactions Conclusion: This research highlights the crucial role of soil mineralogy in SOC stabilization, with significant implications for carbon sequestration strategies in Indian paddy soils. These findings could support targeted soil management practices for enhancing SOC retention and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Development of Constitutive Models for Densification of Corn Stover and Switchgrass

A constitutive model is an important input to the computer simulation of densification of powders. An elasto-visco-plastic solid model was developed for characterizing the compression behaviors of corn stover and switchgrass grinds. The constitutive model characterized the biomass grinds through five parameters: elastic modulus, strength coefficient, strain hardening exponent, viscous coefficient, and frictional loss factor. The constitutive model parameters were found to be affected by the densification conditions (i.e., applied stress, particle size, moisture content, and preheating temperature). During compression of biomass grinds, the development of the structure of the compact inside the die was captured by the elastic modulus. Also, the elastic modulus and viscous coefficient correlated with the durability and compressive strength of briquettes made from corn stover and switchgrass at various densification conditions.

Topic: Granular flow and fluidized beds
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the genealogical structure of critical branching processes in a varying environment

Critical branching processes in a varying environment behave much the same as critical Galton-Watson processes. In this note we like to confirm this finding with regard to the underlying genealogical structures. In particular, we consider the most recent common ancestor given survival and the corresponding reduced branching processes, in the spirit of Zubkov (1975) and Fleischmann and Siegmund-Schultze (1977).

Topic: Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
3D Corner Detection using Hidden Markov Model Classification

In a growing globalized world with the increasing use of internet technology,the worldwide deliveries are strongly increased. Several logistic optimizationshave been done to increase the speed and the reliability of the shipments, howeverthe transport by container remains one of the bottlenecks of the entiresystem.This thesis want to propose an approach to retrieve information of the itemsinside the containers in order to contribute to a possible automation of theunloading process, providing tools to simulate, process, classify and possiblydetect corners of known packets given their pointcloud representation. A simulatedenvironment and kinect have been implemented to generate the data,allowing to create a grid representation of the packets inside the container. Inaddiction, several features extraction techniques have been developed in orderto to train an HMM classifier able to perform corners detections.

Topic: Vehicle License Plate Recognition
Subfield: Media Technology
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preclinical Evaluation of Benzoporphyrin Derivative Combined with a Light-Emitting Diode Array for Photodynamic Therapy of Brain Tumors

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the second-generation photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a novel light source applicator based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of brain tumors. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We used a canine model to investigate normal brain stem toxicity. Twenty-one canines underwent posterior fossa craniectomies followed by PDT with BPD. These animals were compared to light only and BPD control. In addition, we investigated the ability of BPD and LED to cause inhibition of cell growth in canine glioma and human glioma cell lines, in vitro. The biodistribution of BPD labeled with &lt;sup&gt;111&lt;/sup&gt;In-BPD in mice with subcutaneous and intracerebral gliomas and canines with brain tumors was studied. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The in vivo canine study resulted in a maximal tolerated dose of 0.75 mg/kg of BPD and 100 J/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of LED light for normal brain tissue. The in vitro study demonstrated 50% growth inhibition for canine and human glioma cell lines of 10 and 4 ng/ml, respectively. The mucine study using &lt;sup&gt;111&lt;/sup&gt;In-BPD showed a tumor to normal tissue ratio of 12:1 for intracerebral tumors and 3.3:1 for subcutaneous tumors. Nuclear scans of canines with brain tumors showed uptake into tumors to be maximal from 3 to 5 h. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Our study supports that BPD and LED light sources when used at appropriate drug and light doses limit normal brain tissue toxicity at doses that can cause significant glioma cell toxicity in vitro. In addition, there is higher BPD uptake in brain tumors as compared to normal brain in a mouse glioma model. These findings make BPD a potential new-generation photosensitizer for the treatment of childhood posterior fossa tumors as well as other malignant cerebral pathology.

Topic: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis of Homoallyl Ethers via Allylation of Acetals and Aldehydes in Ionic Liquids

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thinking about feeling: Using trait emotional intelligence in understanding the associations between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles

Objectives Maladaptive interpersonal schemas can trigger distressing emotions and drive dysfunctional behaviour that leads to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and perpetuates the original maladaptive schemas. This study sought to identify patterns of association between trait emotional intelligence ( TEI ), early maladaptive schemas ( EMS ), and coping styles in a non‐clinical sample. Emotionality profiles were hypothesized to be associated with EMS severity and poorer coping, as early experiences can shape an individual's self‐perceptions through reinforcement by maladaptive responses. Design Cross‐sectional study with 142 undergraduate students. Methods We obtained self‐reports of TEI , coping styles, and EMS . Results Disengagement coping was strongly correlated with EMS severity ( r = .565, p &lt; .01). TEI was negatively correlated with EMS ( r = −.660, p &lt; .01) and Disengagement ( r = −.405, p &lt; .01). Emotionality, Impaired Autonomy, and Overvigilance partially mediated the relationship between Disconnection and Emotion‐Focused Disengagement. Self‐Control fully mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and Problem‐Focused Disengagement. Conclusions The findings suggest that lower TEI is associated with the likelihood for maladaptive coping in response to EMS . The preference for certain coping styles associated with a particular domain of EMS may be explained by an individual's perceived metacognitive ability to regulate their stress and emotions. When individuals’ needs for love, safety, and acceptance from others are not met, there might be poorer perceived self‐efficacies in Emotionality and the tendency to cope through emotional avoidance. Individuals with difficulties establishing internal limits are more likely to respond with problem avoidance, possibly due to deficient distress tolerance. Longitudinal studies with a clinical population are warranted to replicate these findings. Practitioner points Clinicians will likely find it helpful to consider their clients’ TEI to facilitate more individualized formulation and treatment planning, by considering whether related emotional regulation problems might be innate or a deficit in skills Implies the need to do more basic emotional regulation work to supplement and strengthen the established imagery work in schema therapy (ST).

Topic: Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Comparison of Interviewer-Administered and Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recalls in 3 Diverse Integrated Health Systems

Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls provide high-quality intake data but have been prohibitively expensive for large epidemiologic studies. This study's goal was to assess whether the web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall (ASA24) performs similarly enough to the standard interviewer-administered, Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) 24-hour dietary recall to be considered a viable alternative. In 2010-2011, 1,081 adults from 3 integrated health systems in Detroit, Michigan; Marshfield, Wisconsin; and Kaiser-Permanente Northern California participated in a field trial. A quota design ensured a diverse sample by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Each participant was asked to complete 2 recalls and was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 protocols differing by type of recall and administration order. For energy, the mean intakes were 2,425 versus 2,374 kcal for men and 1,876 versus 1,906 kcal for women by AMPM and ASA24, respectively. Of 20 nutrients/food groups analyzed and controlling for false discovery rate, 87% were judged equivalent at the 20% bound. ASA24 was preferred over AMPM by 70% of the respondents. Attrition was lower in the ASA24/AMPM study group than in the AMPM/ASA24 group, and it was lower in the ASA24/ASA24 group than in the AMPM/AMPM group. ASA24 offers the potential to collect high-quality dietary intake information at low cost with less attrition.

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case Series of Successful Abdominal Closure Utilizing a Novel Technique Combining a Mechanical Closure System with a Biologic Xenograft that Accelerates Wound Healing

In the acute setting, once intra-abdominal injuries have been addressed, the next great hurdle is restoring a functional and intact abdominal compartment. The short and long-term consequences of living with a chronically open abdominal compartment include pulmonary, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and emotional disability. The closure of catastrophic open abdomens presents a challenge to the surgeon. We present a technique utilizing a mechanical abdominal closure device in conjunction with biologic xenograft in closing complex open abdomens. This technique offers another option for definitive fascial closure and accelerated wound healing in this difficult patient population. The dynamic tissue system (DTS) is installed after control of original intraabdominal pathology. A porcine urinary bladder matrix (PUBM) is then placed in the subcutaneous space once fascial closure is achieved. Overall, primary myofascial closure was achieved in 100% of patients at a mean of 9.36 days.

Topic: Abdominal Surgery and Complications
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An review for the heat transfer researches of Hypervapotron in the ITER first wall

Abstract For the steady running of the first-wall (FW) in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), it’s essential to introduce highly effective heatsinks which can bear high heat flux and remove it up to 30MW m -2 . Hypervapotron (HV) is one of the most promising devices in which the subcooled boiling plays a significant role. In this work, notable conclusions drawn by other researchers have been summarized, like “Vapotron effect” and “appearance of vortex”. Characteristics of different HV fabrications were compared at the same time. Especially, aiming at the optimization of Hypervapotron test section for FW in ITER, a series of selected HV heat transfer experiments were analysed thoroughly, including the working fluid parameters, structures of test section, CHF test results, etc. The most reasonable and reliable design of the test sections and corresponding parameters were chosen and optimized.

Topic: Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing The Relationship Between The Quality Of Juvenile Dependency Hearings And Foster Care Placements

The current study examines the relationship between three hearing quality indicators—depth of discussion, judicial inquiry, and judicial engagement of parents—and placement outcomes for maltreated children and youth at early case hearings (i.e., preliminary protective and adjudication hearings). We find that higher levels of judicial engagement of parents during preliminary protective hearings was significantly related to increased placements with relatives and decreased placements in nonrelative foster care. Levels of judicial inquiry and hearing discussion had no apparent effect on where children were placed during preliminary protective hearings. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. Key Point for the Family Court Community This study deepens current understanding of the ways in which three juvenile dependency hearing quality indicators relate to foster care placement outcomes.

Topic: Child Welfare and Adoption
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Emergence Of Specialty Medical Homes In The U.S. Health Care System: Initial Financial Performance Data &amp; The Financial Implications For Provider Organizations

The U.S. health care system is in the midst of significant change in both service delivery model and financing. Rising costs are driving payers – public and private alike – to rethink the current financing and care management strategies. One significant shift in policy is around the structure of care coordination for insured individuals – particularly individuals with complex health service and social support needs. These individuals, while small in number, are responsible for a large proportion of health care spending. Traditionally, the care of individuals with complex conditions has been left to a wide range of medical specialists – and rarely been coordinated across all specialties. But in the past four years, health payers have moved toward ‘integrating’ care coordination with a health care team responsible for all services regardless of specialty. This integrated care coordination model – referred to as a medical home – has been rapidly adopted by many payers. And, a specialized version of the medical home model – referred to as a heatlh home or specialty medical home – has been developed for consumers with complex needs. The model has changed both the relationship of the insured individual to the payer and to their medical specialists. It is early in the adoption of specialty medical homes and two key financial questions are yet unanswered. The first, do specialty medical homes reduce health care spending for complex consumers. The second, what are the financial implications of a specialty medical home model for heatlh care provider organizations. This research examines the available research literature and other published data for preliminary answers to these questions of financial impact of this emerging heatlh care system model.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences