jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Self-Healing, All-Organic, Conducting, Composite Peptide Hydrogel as Pressure Sensor and Electrogenic Cell Soft Substrate

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) emerge as excellent functional materials, as they harness the advantages of conducting polymers with the mechanical properties and continuous 3D nanostructures of hydrogels. This bicomponent organization results in soft, all-organic, conducting micro-/nanostructures with multifarious material applications. However, the application of CPHs as functional materials for biomedical applications is currently limited due to the necessity to combine the features of biocompatibility, self-healing, and fine-tuning of the mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, we choose to combine a protected dipeptide as the supramolecular gelator, owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility and excellent gelation ability, with the conductive polymer polyaniline (PAni), which was polymerized in situ. Thus, a two-component, all-organic, conducting hydrogel was formed. Spectroscopic evidence reveals the formation of the emeraldine salt form of PAni by intrinsic doping. The composite hydrogel is mechanically rigid with a very high storage modulus ( G') value of ∼2 MPa, and the rigidity was tuned by changing the peptide concentration. The hydrogel exhibits ohmic conductivity, pressure sensitivity, and, importantly, self-healing features. By virtue of its self-healing property, the polymeric nonmetallic hydrogel can reinstate its intrinsic conductivity when two of its macroscopically separated blocks are rejoined. High cell viability of cardiomyocytes grown on the composite hydrogel demonstrates its noncytotoxicity. These combined attributes of the hydrogel allowed its utilization for dynamic range pressure sensing and as a conductive interface for electrogenic cardiac cells. The composite hydrogel supports cardiomyocyte organization into a spontaneously contracting system. The composite hydrogel thus has considerable potential for various applications.

Topic: Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization and correlation of pathogenicity of <i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i> isolates, the causal agent of black root rot of mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.)

The study reports the characterization of 10 isolates of mulberry black root rot causing fungus, <i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i> obtained from the infected gardens of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The analysis based on cultural, morphological, pathogenicity and molecular markers (RAPD and SSRs) revealed significant variations among the isolates. Based on the disease reaction on susceptible V-1 variety, isolates were grouped as pathogenic (60%), moderate pathogenic (20%) and non-pathogenic (20%). Among all isolates, RAPDs revealed higher marker polymorphism however, based on Shannon’s Information Index (I) SSRs were more informative (0.781) compared to the former (0.444). Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) indicated a total of 5, 5 and 3 molecular markers were found to correlate with disease symptoms. Screening of germplasm using multiple strains of virulent isolates will enhance possibilities of locating diverse resistant genes. Pyramiding of these genes will aid in development of mulberry variety with durable resistance and sustainable sericulture.

Topic: Plant Disease Management Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Solar radiation modelling for the estimation of the solar energy generation

To know in advance the value of solar radiation is an advantage in order to obtain solar energy. This paper proposes the design and implementation of solar radiation modelling for the estimation of the solar energy generation, based on different series of data collected from meteorological stations in Gran Canaria and Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), helping to generate green energy from sun by the estimation of solar radiation. Artificial Neural Network multilayer perceptron, were the classification method used to obtain the forecast. The study of solar radiation prediction achieves a mean average error of 0.04 kilowatts hour per square meter.

Topic: Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Arms Control Implications of the Third-World Naval Hierarchy

The expansion of Third-World navies over just a few decades creates, at first sight, an ominous impression. There has been both horizontal expansion and increasingly potent naval weaponry distributed to conflict-prone environments. Bilateral disputes and arms races have frequently fuelled continuing build-ups. And since, in such circumstances, security is particularly elusive, the usual dynamic of arms build-ups is accentuated and more and increasingly potent weapons are acquired as resources permit.

Topic: Military and Defense Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synthesis, physicochemical properties and ocular pharmacokinetics of thermosensitive <i>in situ</i> hydrogels for ganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis treatment

Ganciclovir (GCV) is one of the most widely used antiviral drugs for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. In this context, the aim of this study was to design in situ thermosensitive hydrogels for GCV ocular delivery by intravitreal injection to achieve sustained drug release behavior and improved ocular bioavailability in the treatment of CMV retinitis. A thermosensitive poly-(β-butyrolactone-co-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol-poly (β-butyrolactone-co-lactic acid) (PBLA-PEG-PBLA) triblock copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and characterization. The GCV-loaded PBLA-PEG-PBLA in situ hydrogels (15%, w/w) were then prepared with drug concentration at 2 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> and the gelation temperatures, rheological properties, in vitro degradation and syringeability of in situ hydrogels for intravitreal injection were also investigated. Membraneless dissolution model was used to explore drug release behavior of PBLA-PEG-PBLA in situ hydrogel. The results indicated that more than 45 and 85% of GCV can be released within 24 and 96 h, respectively, which was verified by a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. In vivo ocular pharmacokinetics study showed that area under drug-time curve (AUC) and half-life of PBLA-PEG-PBLA in situ hydrogel was higher (AUC was 61.80 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>·h (p < .01) and t<sub>1/2</sub> was 10.29 h in aqueous humor; AUC was 1008.66 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>·h (p < .01) and t<sub>1/2</sub> was 13.26 h (p < .01) in vitreous) than GCV injection with extended therapeutic activity. Based on obtained results, it was concluded that the thermosenstive PBLA-PEG-PBLA in situ hydrogel is a promising carrier of GCV for intravitreal injection.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Protein makeup of the lung cell nuclei of rats under the action of beryllium].

A study into the protein composition of cellular nuclei of the rats lungs under the effect of beryllium disclosed a disturbed proportion of individual nuclear protein fractions manifesting itself in the falling level of the globulin fraction and in the increased, content of the other proteinic components of the nucleus, viz. desoxyribonucleoproteinic, fractions of the acid and, especially, "residual" protein.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Transdermal Patch (Ya-Pok- Dud-Pid) in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) have a progressive decline in their social and physical abilities, which affects their quality of life. The Thai Traditional Transdermal Patch (Ya-Pok-Dud- Pid; YP) has been widely used for the treatment of KOA. Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of YP in comparison with diclofenac gel (DG) for the treatment of KOA. Methods: 74 primary KOA Patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to YP groups or DG groups. The outcomes were assessed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Time Up and Go (TUG), Active Knee Flexion (AKF) and Passive Knee Flexion, chair sit and reach, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: YP and DG significantly improved VAS, TUG, AKF, PKF, chair sit and reach, and WOMAC (p < 0.05). Remarkably, YP experienced the same immediate pain relief after day 1 treatment as DG. The VAS scores of the YP group exhibited a significant reduction from 60±11.06 to 38.92±17.76, while DG decreased VAS score from 61.24±17.84 to 39.19±20.05 (p <0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups. For adverse event, skin reaction (rash, itchy, and dry skin) was noted in the YP group because of the participant receiving YP for an extended period. Altogether, YP has a similar effect to diclofenac gel on pain severity and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: YP is recommended as a natural therapeutic agent with efficacy and safety treatment for knee osteoarthritis.

Topic: Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The equation-of-motion coupled cluster method for triple electron attached states

The initial implementation of the triple electron attachment (TEA) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled cluster (CC) method is presented, aiming at the description of electronic states with three open shell electrons outside a suitably chosen closed shell vacuum. In particular, such an approach can be used for describing dissociation of chemical bonds predominantly formed by three valence electrons, for example, in LiC and NaC molecules. Both ground and excited states are considered while rigorously maintaining the correct spin value. The preliminary results show a correct asymptotic behavior of the dissociation curves. At the same time, we emphasize that a chemically accurate description will require an extension of the minimal TEA-EOM-CC model introduced here, analogous to those already used in the double ionization potential and double electron attachment methods.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crop Response to Disease and Water Scarcity Quantified by Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index

Early detection and quantification of plants&#x2019; response to disease and water shortage conditions are very important for the agricultural management. This study represents the first utilization of Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index (NDLI) as a dimensionless indicator to assess plant health. By integrating NDLI with thermal infrared and surface energy balance (SEB) components, we aim to enhance the analysis of crop conditions and water scarcity in rice-growing areas. The integration between NDLI and land surface temperature exhibits a strong correlation (r = &#x2212;0.82) with crop evapotranspiration (ET) derived from the widely used residual Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land model. Besides, the performance of NDLI- and SEB-based ET method proved its ability to provide the precise information of paddy field conditions by showing the significant correlations with the crop canopy biophysical properties that are traditionally represented and inferred by the multispectral remote sensing indices. The correlation coefficients of NDLI- and SEB-derived ET with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalize Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Optimization of the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) were 0.84, 0.55, and 0.84, respectively. Also, NDLI- and SEB-derived ET exhibits a high degree of consistency with the ET determined through the SEBAL method, with difference less than 10&#x0025; of the observations over 98.1&#x0025; of the paddy fields of concern. Interestingly, the abnormally low ET signatures over the confirmed disease-infected regions of paddy fields are obviously observed in the NDLI- and SEB-derived ET maps, but not in the SEBAL-derived ET map. The findings of this work suggest that NDLI can be considered as a valuable indicator to provide information of the water stress status and health of the crop plants for advanced food-supply management.

Topic: Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
American Association of Nurse Practitioners National Nurse Practitioner sample survey: Update on acute care nurse practitioner practice

ABSTRACT Background and purpose: Data from national surveys on the practice of nurse practitioners (NPs) provides valuable information on aspects of practice, demographic characteristics of providers and patients, plans for continued employment, and role satisfaction. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) has been conducting the AANP Sample Survey since 1988. Methods: The most recent AANP Sample Survey was conducted in 2016 with a random stratified survey of 40,000 NPs. Data were collected bimodally, by internet and mail surveys. Responses were received from 3,970 respondents (9.9% response rate), with 335 respondents reporting NP certification in acute care as adult-gerontology acute care and/or pediatric acute care. Results: Almost all acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) reported that they were clinically practicing in 2016 (99.3%), with the top three areas encompassing cardiovascular (20.5%), critical care (12.1%), and hospitalist roles (6.3%). More than 1 in 4 ACNPs worked in a hospital inpatient setting, with 16.1% reporting work in a hospital outpatient clinic, 7.7% in a private group practice, 6.5% at a public university, and some in combined roles covering both inpatient and outpatient care, or on consultation service or specialty-based teams. On average, 34.1% of the patients ACNPs saw were between the ages of 66 and 85 years, and 11.2% were 85 years and older. The top 3 medication classes in which ACNPs regularly prescribe were diuretics (31.9%), analgesic narcotics (31.2%), and antibiotics (27.3%). Majority (88%) report satisfaction with the role, and approximately one third (31.1%) expect to continue to work in their current practice for more than 10 years. Implications for practice: The findings of the 2016 AANP National NP Sample Survey data related to ACNP practice identify expansion of work settings, practice consistent with acute care scope of practice, role satisfaction, and intent to continue working. Continued monitoring of practice components and employment is indicated to track ACNP workforce trends.

Topic: Nursing Roles and Practices
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Rescue Geography: Place Making, Affect and Regeneration

This paper brings together two previously disengaged literatures on affect and place in order to investigate the importance of embodiment in transforming spaces into places. This brings into sharp relief the mismatch between policy rhetoric on the importance of sense of place and the outputs of regeneration schemes which often seem deliberately to efface these affective connections. The paper outlines the idea of ‘rescue geography’ as a technique for capturing the embodied relationship between communities and urban spaces prior to redevelopment. A case study using walked interviews in Birmingham’s Eastside district is discussed. It is concluded that capturing existing place associations can help to create more authentic regeneration schemes which respond sympathetically to landscapes already soaked in affective connections.

Topic: Geographies of human-animal interactions
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Surgical Management of Infective Endocarditis Complicated With Acute Cerebral Infarction　― Preoperative Management Using Modified Rankin Scale and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score ―

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The optimal timing of surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) with acute cerebral infarction (CI) remains controversial. We examined the surgery policy at Ise Red Cross Hospital after negative blood cultures and antibiotic administration for at least 2 weeks. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine IE patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2020 were divided into Groups S (n=13; with acute CI) and N (n=26; without acute CI). Patients with IE who underwent conservative treatment were classified as group C (n=16). At the time of IE diagnosis, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was significantly higher in Group S than Group N (mean [±SD] 3.9±0.6 vs. 2.8±1.3; P=0.009). However, there was no significant difference between Groups S and N moments before surgery (3.0±1.5 vs. 2.1±1.5, respectively; P=0.10) or at discharge (2.7±0.8 vs. 2.6±0.9, respectively; P=0.89). There were no significant differences in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score between groups. There were no differences in intra- and postoperative outcomes between Groups S and N. In Group C, the mRS score was significantly higher at discharge than in Group S (2.7±0.8 vs. 4.4±0.8, respectively; P<0.001), and long-term results were poor (P=0.004). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Preoperative management and the timing of surgery for IE patients using the mRS and SOFA scores at our institution were reasonable.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chitosan/gelatin porous bone scaffolds made by crosslinking treatment and freeze‐drying technology: Effects of crosslinking durations on the porous structure, compressive strength, and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT In this study, freezing was used to separate a solute (polymer) and solvent (deionized water). The polymer in the ice crystals was then crosslinked with solvents, and this diminished the linear pores to form a porous structure. Gelatin and chitosan were blended and frozen, after which crosslinking agents were added, and the whole was frozen again and then freeze‐dried to form chitosan/gelatin porous bone scaffolds. Stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength testing, porosity testing, in vitro biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity were used to evaluate the properties of the bone scaffolds. The test results show that both crosslinking agents, glutaraldehyde (GA) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, were able to form a porous structure. In addition, the compressive strength increased as a result of the increased crosslinking time. However, the porosity and cell viability were not correlated with the crosslinking times. The optimal porous and interconnected pore structure occurred when the bone scaffolds were crosslinked with GA for 20 min. It was proven that crosslinking the frozen polymers successfully resulted in a division of the linear pores, and this resulted in interconnected multiple pores and a compressively strong structure. The 48‐h cytotoxicity did not affect the cell viability. This study successfully produced chitosan/gelatin porous materials for biomaterials application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41851.

Topic: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lessons from the History of Unions in the U.S. Virgin Islands

When emancipation was given to the enslaved Africans in the Virgin Islands * on 3 July 1848, the local authorities had not made adequate preparations to assist the laborers in the transition from slave labor to labor for hire. A 10 July 1848 order was devised by a committee of planters to regulate the labor conditions. The regulations stipulated, inter alia, that laborers had to be on yearly contracts. In the contracts, the actual amount of work was specified. The nature of the work, the wages to be paid, and other features were delineated. Laborers who refused to work or who demanded wages above the average were to be reported to the committee. Given the scope and scale of the plantation in the Virgin Islands, the planters felt that the laborers had no choice but to work on the plantations under the preemancipation conditions (St. Croix Avis, 14 August 1848; Dookhan 1974, 224).

Topic: Colonialism, slavery, and trade
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Managing Workplace Privacy Responsibility

This chapter presents an ethical case for strong workplace privacy rights, which have been jeopardized by the proliferation of monitoring systems and surveillance architectures. After explicating the functionality of those technologies and tracing the history of workplace privacy concerns, we analyze key statutory frameworks and provide some grounding for the ethical imperative to protect workplace privacy rights. But privacy rights must be balanced with the corporation’s legitimate need for employee information. To achieve this balance, privacy-related issues must be diligently managed, and we recommend reliance on the Total Responsibility Management model. With the aid of that model, we identify and defend five operative principles for ensuring that monitoring technologies are deployed in a fair and responsible manner. In addition to underscoring the importance of privacy rights, our objective is to demonstrate that workplace privacy is an organizational issue that must be prudentially managed by corporations aspiring to be good corporate citizens.

Topic: Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Austen's Readers I: Affection and Appropriation

Although discussion of Austen's earliest readers, in the shape of her family and immediate circle of friends, has already informed the argument of this book thus far, we will begin our detailed analysis of Austen's individual readers with the first generation of her literary successors, primarily with female authors, as these are the readers for whom the kinds of questions, problems and issues outlined in the previous chapters are most pressing. Austen's female successors frequently needed to establish themselves, as readers and writers, in opposition to the kinds of stereotypes and clichés discussed in Chapters 1 and 5. This chapter and those following discuss the implications of writers' various interactions with Austen's name in establishing their literary identities. As we will see, over the course of the long nineteenth century, Jane Austen became the publicly acceptable face of the woman writer, and, as literary women, writers from Mary Russell Mitford to Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf compared themselves to Austen. They were also aware of the ways in which they were both implicitly and explicitly compared to her. Their reactions to her reveal important truths, not only about the ways in which Austen's novels acted on her successors, but about those successors' fears, insecurities and doubts about their position in the literary marketplace, their duties as professional women writers, and their responsibilities as women. Their negotiations with Austen's name show up their priorities as readers and writers, manifested in discussions over the characteristics of great literature, the proper behaviour for a professional female writer, the importance of a female tradition, the value of emotional responses, and debates about what a novel should be.

Topic: Literature: history, themes, analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences