jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
From statistical non-significance to statistical equivalence: An alternative approach for whole effluent toxicity testing

Short-term toxicity tests with aquatic organisms are a valuable measurement tool in the assessment of the toxicity of effluents, environmental samples and single chemicals. Currently toxicity tests are utilized in a wide range of US EPA regulatory activities including effluent discharge compliance. In the current approach for determining the No Observed Effect Concentration, an effluent concentration is presumed safe if there is no statistically significant difference in toxicant response versus control response. The conclusion of a safe concentration may be due to the fact that it truly is safe, or alternatively, that the ability of the statistical test to detect an effect, given its existence, is inadequate. Results of research of a new statistical approach, the basis of which is to move away from a demonstration of no difference to a demonstration of equivalence, will be discussed. The concept of observed confidence distributions, first suggested by Cox, is proposed as a measure of the strength of evidence for practically equivalent responses between a given effluent concentration and the control. The research included determination of intervals of practically equivalent responses as a function of the variability of control response. The approach is illustrated using reproductive data from tests with Ceriodaphnia dubiamore » and survival and growth data from tests with fathead minnow. The data are from the US EPA`s National Reference Toxicant Database.« less

Topic: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Floating Ring Stabilization System

The necessity of magnetically levitating a superconducting, current carrying ring without mechanical supports requires an electrical stabilizing system. The ring, when supported, has only one equilibrium position and this position is one of unstable equilibrium. The ring is free to move with up to six degrees of freedom. Two degrees are dictated by the ability of the ring to move in any direction in the plane of the ring. Additionally, the ring can be tilted requiring three more reference points to determine a new plane. The sixth degree of freedom is the ability of the ring to rotate upon its own axis, but because external forces tending to cause this rotation can, in principal, be eliminated, a restoring supply is not provided. Each of the five identical stabilizing supplies in this system has a feedback loop composed of the following segments. The position detector element is an optical head which sends a light beam across an optical edge on the ring, the reflection of which is sensed on a photo diode. This diode voltage signal, proportional to the ring position, is the input to an amplifier whose output is a signal proportional to position, velocity and ring acceleration. A 50 volt, 100 ampere, bidirectional dc transistor power supply is activated from this signal which in turn powers the appropriate stabilizing coil located near the floating current carrying ring.

Topic: Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Legacy of Chet Bowers for Educational Studies and the Social Foundations of Education

This article introduces some of the primary ideas in Bowers' long legacy of scholarship and its importance to Educational Studies and the Social Foundations. We also trace the development of our personal relationships and the network of scholarship that resulted, including the authors in this Special Issue.

Topic: Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Feature-Based Stereo Matching Using Graph Cuts

In this paper, we present a novel feature point based stereo matching algorithm with global energy minimization. The initial disparity map is estimated by considering matching SURF key points between two images inside each homogeneous colour region by an adaptive box matching approach. Next, we improve the initial disparity map with a RANSAC based plane fitting technique which relies on accuracy of the pixel disparities inside the homogeneous colour regions. Finally, the disparity map is further enhanced by incorporating energy constraints on smoothness between neighbouring regions using graph cuts. The methodology is tested on Middlebury test set and the results indicates that the proposed method is compatible with the current state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms while decreasing the overall computational effort in matching process using already available feature points. 1

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
FusÃ£o de imagem CBERS-2B (CCD e HRC) para atualizaÃ§Ã£o de dados de cartas topogrÃ¡ficas e de imagens de menor resoluÃ§Ã£o espacial

The use of remote sensing for environmental studies has contributed significantly to several analysis related to the planning and management of natural resources, as both became possible mainly due to the periodicity and quality of the images provided. According to the needs of each survey, its necessary, to have images with different resolutions to better get information. Thus, the satellite images with high spatial resolution provide important information, besides the best work schedules, however they present a high cost of acquisition. Still, the panchromatic image fusion with multispectral images, is a viable alternative. In this context, this article aims to perform the merger of images from the CBERS 2B Satellite (CCD sensor and HRC), using the IHS method, in order to update data of topographical maps and lower resolution images. The chosen area for the completion of the merger was JoÃ£o Dias Creek basin, located in the municipality of Aquidauana/MS with an area of 11.665 hectares. As a result we obtained a fused image with a resolution of 2,7 meters and it was possible to notice a considerable improvement compared to the spectral resolution that was preserved from the CCD image and gains relative to the spatial resolution of the HRC image that was incorporated, allowing a better definition and distinction of the different targets presented in the images. From the image of the topographic map data, as well as images of lower resolution became possible, favoring the achievement of information that assist in the planning of urban and rural areas.

Topic: Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hybridization Concepts of Artificial Human Optimization Field Algorithms Incorporated into Particle Swarm Optimization

This piece of research presents the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as a biologically inspired computational paradigm searches for problem optimization technique.Specifically (PSO) consists of a swarm of particles, where particle represent a potential solution.More precisely it is a population-based, stochastic algorithm modeled on the social behaviors observed in flocking birds.Over the past quarter century, Global Optimization techniques like Genetic and PSO algorithms has attracted many researchers attention at engineering and industry.In December 2016, a new field titled "Artificial Human Optimization" was introduced in literature.Referring to that innovative field it is clear that the agents in Artificial Human Optimization are Artificial Humans.Recently, a new algorithm titled Multiple Strategy Human Optimization (MSHO) is designed based on Artificial Humans.This paper adopted an interesting novel experimental idea which incorporated Hybridization of perspective concepts of Artificial Human Optimization into some experimental illustrations of PSO algorithms.Additionally, Human Inspired Differential Evolution (HIDE) is recently proposed method which is based on Differential Evolution and MSHO.For particular parameters settings HIDE performed approximately as good as Differential Evolution.In the experiment in this paper, a new algorithm titled "Hassan Satish Particle Swarm Optimization (HSPSO)" is proposed.HSPSO is tested by applying it on a complex benchmark function.Interesting Hybridization results have been obtained.Results obtained by HSPSO are compared with Particle Swarm Optimization.

Topic: Robotic Path Planning Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A characterisation of 0^{#} in terms of forcing

We show that “saturation” of the universe with respect to forcing over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with partial orders on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="omega 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega _1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is equivalent to the existence of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="0 Superscript number-sign"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">#</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">0^\#</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>.

Topic: Advanced Topology and Set Theory
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITY IN BRYOPHYTES

Journal Article DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITY IN BRYOPHYTES Get access Kuldip R. Khanna Kuldip R. Khanna Department of Biology University of Colorado Boulder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 18, Issue 4, 1 December 1964, Pages 652–670, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01680.x Published: 01 December 1964 Article history Accepted: 07 July 1964 Published: 01 December 1964

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Inshigts in EEG Versus HEG and RT-FMRI Neuro Feedback Training for Cognition Enhancement

&lt;p&gt;Innovative research technologies in the neurosciences have remarkably improved the perception of brain structure and function. The use of several neurofeedback training techniques is broadly used for the memory and cognition augmentation as well as for several learning difficulties and AHDD rehabilitation. Author&rsquo;s objective is to review cognitive enhancement techniques with the use of brain imaging intervention methods as well to evaluate the effects of these methods in the educational process. The efficiency and limitations of neurofeedback training with the use of EEG brain imaging, HEG scanning, namely NIR and PIR method and fMRI scan including rt-fMRI brain scanning technique are also discussed. Moreover, technical and clinical details of several neurofeedback treatment approaches were also taken into consideration&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Companion to Priesthood and Holy Orders in the Middle Ages. Edited by Greg Peters and C. Colt Anderson . Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition 62. Leiden: Brill, 2015. xi + 387 pp. $199.00 cloth.

A Companion to Priesthood and Holy Orders in the Middle Ages. Edited by Greg Peters and C. Colt Anderson . Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition 62. Leiden: Brill, 2015. xi + 387 pp. $199.00 cloth. - Volume 86 Issue 3

Topic: Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Improving Infrastructure

Executive Summary Infrastructure investment can substantially increase a nation's capital stock and thereby boost productive, or supply-side, potential. It can also be useful as a tool in macroeconomic stabilisation, while public spending on quality infrastructure projects has been shown to have significantly greater multiplier effects than tax cuts – so the case for an increasing spend is not undermined by a country's overall debt level. These arguments are especially apposite for post-Brexit UK. Britain's investment performance in general has been especially poor since the 2016 EU referendum. Fixed capital formation as a proportion of GDP is low by international standards, while the government's share of fixed capital formation, at 2.5 per cent, is also below average. It would make sense to target an increase in public and private infrastructure spend to 3.5 per cent of GDP which is the OECD's recommended level. While major infrastructure projects continue to generate controversy on grounds of cost overruns and other issues, UK policy-makers have recently taken a more constructive approach to infrastructure development, notably with the creation of an independent National Infrastructure Commission. But the UK's infrastructure remains unsatisfactory, with significant parts of its energy, water, transport and communications networks in need of renewal or replacement, and infrastructure project delivery remains poor. In summary, much of Britain continues to operate well into the 21st century largely with 20th century, sometimes 19th century, infrastructure assets that are creating bottlenecks, crimping productivity, putting off potential foreign investors, undermining the economy's competitiveness, increasing inequality, and leaving the economy ill-equipped to face future challenges such as Brexit and climate change. The government needs to be bolder, setting out a more ambitious set of priorities including energy projects, regional spending, and fostering capital recycling and private sector investment. A still more ambitious, but eminently feasible, proposal would be to establish a National Investment Bank to offer project guarantees, recommend user fees, lend to projects with the proceeds of National Investment Bonds and simplify planning among other tasks. In a serious downturn, with monetary policy exhausted, the NIB could also help to co-ordinate and finance a response.

Topic: Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Zolpidem Increases Patients’ Fall Risk, Study Shows

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tribbles Pseudokinases in Colorectal Cancer

&lt;p&gt;The Tribbles family of pseudokinases controls a wide number of processes during&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;cancer on-set and progression. However, the exact contribution of each of the three family members&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;is still to be defined. Their functions appear to be context-dependent as they can act as oncogenes or&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;tumor suppressor genes. They act as scaffolds modulating the activity of several signaling pathways&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;involved in different cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the state-of-knowledge for TRIB1,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;TRIB2 and TRIB3 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. We take a perspective&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;look at the role of Tribbles proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Protein Red Kaede Chromophore; One‐Step, High‐Yield Synthesis and Potential Application for Solar Cells.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The prevalence and the risk factors of the cervical colonization by the genital mycoplasmas among pregnant women from Eastern Croatia.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the genital mycoplasmas cervical colonization among the pregnant women from the Eastern Croatia and to evaluate its correlation with the demographic and the behavioural risk factors. Study was conducted from March 2010 to April 2011 at the Microbiology Department of the Institute of Public Health for the Osijek-Baranja County. The study included 456 pregnant women in the first and the second trimester of pregnancy. Demographic data and data on their possible risk behaviour during the lifetime were collected with the usage of an anonymous questionnaire consisting of the 16 questions. The Mycoplasma Duo kit test was used to diagnose the mycoplasma infections. Due to the fact that the results were generally similar for the women with U. urealyticum or M. hominis and in order to dichotomize the analyses, 164 (36%) participants with U. urealyticum, M. hominis or both were considered positive, whereas 292 (64%) participants without U. urealyticum or M. hominis were considered negative. A higher genital mycoplasmas prevalence was statistically significantly associated with the younger group of the pregnant women (16-29 y), 5 or more sexual partners during lifetime and the age on the first intercourse < or = 16. The study has showed that both the demographic and the behavioural risk factors were associated with the higher genital mycoplasmas colonization in the observed population.

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mechanism and Stereochemistry of the Germacradienol/Germacrene D Synthase of <i>Streptomyces </i><i>c</i><i>oelicolor</i> A3(2)

Incubation of farnesyl diphosphate (1, FPP) with recombinant germacradienol synthase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) gave, in addition to (4S,7R)-germacra-1(10)E,5E-diene-11-ol (2), 15% of (-)-germacrene D (5). Incubations of [1,1-2H2]FPP (1a), (1R)-[1-2H]FPP (1b), and (1S)-[1-2H]FPP (1c) with germacradienol/germacrene D synthase and analysis of the resulting samples of germacradienol (2) and germacrene D (5) by a combination of 1H, 2H, and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry established that it is H-1si of FPP that is lost in the formation of germacradienol (2) and that undergoes 1,3-hydride transfer in the formation of (-)-germacrene D (5). The proportion of the two products was also sensitive to isotopic labeling, with cyclization of (1S)-[1-2H]FPP (1c) giving an increased proportion (35%) of 5. These results could be explained by a mechanism involving partitioning of a common helminthogermacradienyl cation intermediate 7.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Validity of appreciation of crop yield capability with the rank analysis method by variety regional trials

This rank analysis method was a practical and forthright data analysis method evaluating crop varieties yield in regional trials. The availability of rank analysis method has been proved in regional trials of soybean varieties by the example of several years and locations and with the mid-long-term rolling way alternating frequently tested varieties, 75 percent of the excellent materials selected by this method passed the local variety examination.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Channel Communication and Reconfigurable Hardware

Many applications can be structured as a set of processes or threads that communicate via channels. These threads can be executed on various platforms (e.g. general purpose CPU, DSP, FPGA, etc). In our research we apply channels as a basic communication mechanism between threads in a reconfigurable system. The research involves providing system level functions to describe the setup of communicating threads, which may now either run timeshared on a general CPU or in dynamically-setup special purpose logic that runs on reconfigurable hardware. The use of channels and threads running in both software and hardware, will be made transparent for the application level programmers by the system level functions. By first describing the threads and how they are connected and then letting the operating system decide on 'geographical' placement of the threads and buffers, multiprogramming will be supported and programs will be able to run on different setups of hardware (i.e. different amount of CPUs or available programmable logic). This is an ongoing work, the paper is a collection of thoughts, which lead to a first setup of rudimentary support functions in the operating system.

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tumors of the Jugular Foramen

Summary: The region of the jugular foramen represents one of the most complex areas of the skull base. Advances in radiology, microsurgery, interdisciplinary management, and postoperative intensive care have brought great changes in treatment of the tumors affecting this region. Surgical treatment has been considered the current preferred management in the majority of the cases. Tumors involving the jugular foramen are divided into two major groups: those arising within the foramen, such as the schwannomas of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, and the glomus jugulare tumors; and those arising from structures surrounding the foramen, such as meningiomas, chondrosarcomas, metastases, etc. The choice of surgical approach depends on the nature and extension of the lesion. Benign well-encapsulated tumors are resected totally, with potential preservation of surrounding nerves. Inversely, infiltrative growing or malignant tumors are partially resected in order to decompress the surrounding structures. Two major approaches are performed: a primary intradural suboccipital approach and a combined intradural-extradural procedure through a transmastoid-cervical approach. Radiotherapy is reserved for single cases in which surgery is not indicated. Preoperative embolization has been shown to be very useful in management of glomus jugulare tumors. CSF leakage, meningitis, and swallowing problems are the major potential complications in jugular foramen surgery. Both prevention and treatment of the complications have considerably improved the postoperative outcome in these patients.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences