jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Method Outcome Evaluation of a Community-Based Education Program for Medical Students

Background: Although community-based training is included in medical undergraduate education in Japan, little assessment of the outcomes of community-based education programs has been performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a community-based education program using a mixed method. Methods: The study design utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method). The subjects (n = 278) were fifth-grade medical students who were involved in the program from 2008 to 2010 inclusive. We collected two types of data: a six-item pre-and-post questionnaire (quantitative) and an open-ended questionnaire (qualitative) to evaluate the impressions this experience left on the students. Results: Pre-and-post questionnaires were completed by 263 (95%) of 278 subjects; on all items, the scores of the post- data were significantly higher than that of pre- data (P < 0.001). From the responses given by 139 respondents (total 181, 77%) in the open-ended questionnaire survey, 10 themes were extracted: 1. Inter-professional cooperation; 2. Role and cooperation among university hospitals, community hospitals, clinics, and welfare facilities; 3. Patient-centered medicine; 4. Trust-based relationships; 5. Competency in general medicine; 6. Professionalism; 7. Medical management; 8. Communication; 9. Common diseases; and 10. Long-term care. Conclusions: We found that medical students gained four major perspectives from their experiences: Inter-professional cooperation, trust based relationships, roles of community hospitals and clinics, and patient-centered medicine, respectively. Our findings suggest this program contributed significantly to their understanding of community medicine.

Topic: Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Limited indication of gastrocystoplasty.

A 28-year-old woman presented a huge vesico-vagino-rectal fistula after radiotherapy applied because of a gynaecological tumour. Reconstruction consisted of a colostomy, closure of the rectal hole with a pedicled perineal skin graft, a bivalve opening of the bladder and, with the two halves coverage of the vaginal suture line, and augmentation gastrocystoplasty. The fistulas healed but the patient suffered from an intolerable burning sensation. That is, why the stomach wall was removed and ureteroileocutaneostomy was created. The colostomy was closed, and now the patient has a well-functioning urine stoma.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Memories for Professor Sir David R. Cox FRS

Journal Article Memories for Professor Sir David R. Cox FRS Get access Sheila M Bird Sheila M Bird MRC Biostatistics Unit, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK Address for correspondence: Sheila M. Bird, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK. Email: sheila.bird@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, qnad076, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrsssa/qnad076 Published: 13 July 2023 Article history Received: 18 April 2023 Accepted: 19 May 2023 Published: 13 July 2023

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Easley, Michael. Press Release, 2002-07-18, Easley Calls For Federal Assistance For Businesses Impacted By Drought

Raleigh -- Gov. Mike Easley today asked North Carolina's Congressional delegation to support legislation, which would add drought as a condition for which small businesses may apply for Small Business Administration Economic Injury Disaster Loans. Currently, disaster assistance for businesses affected by drought is only available through the US Department of Agriculture and is only available to agriculture-related operations.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Ionic and Osmotic Strength on the Glucosyltransferase of <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> Responsible for Cyclic β-(1,2)-Glucan Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT The cyclic β-(1,2)-glucans of Rhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens play an important role during hypoosmotic adaptation, and the synthesis of these compounds is osmoregulated. Glucosyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for cyclic β-(1,2)-glucan biosynthesis, is present constitutively, suggesting that osmotic regulation of the biosynthesis of these glucans occurs through modulation of enzyme activity. In this study, we examined regulation of cyclic glucan biosynthesis in vitro with membrane preparations from R. meliloti . The results show that ionic solutes inhibit glucan synthesis, even when they are present at low concentrations (e.g., 10 mM). In contrast, neutral solutes (glucose, sucrose, and the compatible solutes glycine betaine and trehalose) were found to stimulate glucan synthesis in vitro when they were present at high concentrations (e.g., 1 M). Furthermore, high concentrations of these neutral solutes were shown to compensate for the inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity by ionic solutes. Consistent with their ionic character, the compatible solute potassium glutamate and the osmoprotectant choline chloride inhibited glucosyltransferase activity in vitro. The results suggest that intracellular ion concentrations, intracellular osmolarity, and intracellular concentrations of nonionic compatible solutes all act as important determinants of glucosyltransferase activity in vivo. Additional experiments were performed with an ndvA mutant defective for transport of cyclic glucans and an ndvB mutant that produces a C-terminal truncated glucosyltransferase. Cyclic β-(1,2)-glucan biosynthesis, although reduced, was found to be osmoregulated in both mutants. These results reveal that NdvA and the C terminus of NdvB are not required for osmotic regulation of cyclic β-(1,2)-glucan biosynthesis.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether low-grade systemic inflammation might contribute to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) and autoimmune thyroiditis. Background: sHT patients are characterized by peripheral endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. Methods: In 53 sHT and 45 healthy subjects, we studied the forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) response to intrabrachial acetylcholine (Ach) (0.15–15 μg/min·dl) with and without local vascular COX inhibition by intrabrachial indomethacin (50 μg/min·dl) or nitric oxide synthase blockade by N-mono methyl arginine (l-NMMA) (100 μg/min·dl) or the antioxidant vitamin C (8 mg/min·dl). The protocol was repeated 2 h after systemic nonselective COX inhibition (100 mg indomethacin) or selective COX-2 blockade (200 mg celecoxib) oral administrations. Results: sHT patients showed higher C-reactive protein and IL-6 values. In controls, vasodilation to Ach was blunted by l-NMMA and unchanged by vitamin C. In contrast, in sHT, the response to Ach, reduced in comparison with controls, was resistant to l-NMMA and normalized by vitamin C. In these patients, systemic but not local indomethacin normalized vasodilation to Ach and the inhibition of l-NMMA on Ach. Similar results were obtained with celecoxib. When retested after indomethacin administration, vitamin C no longer succeeded in improving vasodilation to Ach in sHT patients. Response to sodium nitroprusside was unchanged by indomethacin or celecoxib. Conclusions: In sHT patients, low-grade chronic inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide availability by a COX-2-dependent pathway leading to increased production of oxidative stress.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Note on Market Access Reforms in Agriculture in the Trans-Pacific Partnership

This report quantifies the economic effects of the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The study uses the GTAP model with the GTAP v8 2007 database, updated to 2014. Two scenarios were modeled to reflect developments between 2014 and 2025—the assumed implementation period for the TPP. The “baseline scenario” simulates projected growth in GDP and endowments, changes in diets, and the implementation of preferential and unilateral tariff reforms already committed to in the region. A “TPP” scenario adds a hypothetical, full elimination of intra-TPP tariffs and tariff-rate quotas to the network of trade agreements. The differences between the scenarios capture the effects of the TPP agreement on members’ economies in 2025.

The value of agricultural trade among TPP signatories will be 6 percent, or $8.5 billion, higher in 2025 under the TPP scenario than in the baseline (in 2007 U.S. dollars). Japan and the U.S. will account for the largest shares of the increases in intraregional imports and exports, respectively. The U.S. will supply about one-third of the expansion in intraregional agricultural exports— U.S. agricultural exports to TPP partners in 2025 is estimated to be 5 percent ($2.8 billion) higher in 2025 due to the TPP. Japan will account for almost 70 percent of the expansion in intraregional agricultural imports—the value of its agricultural imports from its TPP partners in 2025 is expected to be 14 percent ($5.8 billion) higher than the baseline. 

By commodity, and in absolute value terms, the expansion of trade will be greatest for bovine meats (includes beef and mutton), “other food products” ( includes processed foods and feeds) and rice. 

Elimination of tariffs and TRQs in the TPP scenario will have, at most, small positive effects on members’ real gross domestic product (GDP). Trade diversion will also be modest.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hardware implementation for real-time 3D rendering in 2D-to-3D conversion

With the advances in central processing unit (CPU) capability, 3D display technology becomes popular in recent years. Now, there are more and more 3D products such as 3D camera, 3D projector, and 3D-TV. The 3D technology is not difficult to understand because most of the video contents are captured through two individual lenses. The corresponding video contents are considered as two respective bit streams. However, how to transform traditional 2D video contents to 3D one is a critical problem to solve it. This paper proposes a realtime 3D rendering architecture for view synthesis in 2D-to-3D conversion. The real-time architecture can support 60 frames per second and full HD resolution (1920×1080) on FPGA platform.

Topic: Advanced Vision and Imaging
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Penerapan Metode Wahdah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hafalan Al-Qur’an Siswa di MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok

This research is motivated by the problem of the low quality of memorization of the Quran in tahfidz subjects in class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok. The method in this study uses a class action research method through four steps, namely: planning, action, observation and reflection. In this study, the subjects are students of class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok in the 2021/2022 school year consisting of 23 students. The object in this study is to improve the quality of students' Quran memorization using the wahdah method in class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok. The improvement in the quality of students' Quran memorization in the learning process also improved. It can be seen from each cycle that it has increased. In the pre-cycle the results obtained were 30%, increasing in cycle I by 43% and in cycle II to 86%. From the learning activities that have been carried out, the percentage of the quality of the students' memorization of the Koran has increased and has reached the predetermined success criteria. This shows that the wahdah method is successful in improving the quality of memorization of the Quran of class XI MA Darul Arqam students in Tahfidz learning.&#x0D; Keywords: Memorization Quality;Quran, Wahdah

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Clinical Outcomes of Preservation of Posterior Leaflet and Subvalvular Structures in Mitral Valve Replacement

Objective To summarize our experience and clinical outcomes of preservation of posterior leaflet and subvalvular structures in mitral valve replacement(MVR).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 035 patients who underwent MVR in Beijing An Zhen Hospital from January 2006 to March 2011.There were 562 male patients and 473 female patients with their age of 37-78(53.84±13.13)years old.There were 712 patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease and 323 patients with degenerative valve disease,389 patients with mitral stenosis and 646 patients with mitral regurgitation.No patient had coronary artery disease in this group.For 457 patients in non-preservation group,both leaflets and corresponding chordal excision was performed,while for 578 patients in preservation group,posterior leaflet and subvalvular structures were preserved.There was no statistical difference in demographic and preoperative clinical characteristics between the two groups.Postoperative mortality and morbidity,and left ventricular size and function were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistical difference in postoperative mortality(2.63% vs.1.21%,P = 0.091)and morbidity(8.53% vs.7.44%,P=0.519)between the non-preservation group and preservation group,except that the rate of left ventricular rupture of non-preservation group was significantly higher than that of preservation group(1.09% vs.0.00%,P=0.012).The average left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD) measured by echocardiography 6 months after surgery decreased in both groups,but there was no statistical difference between the two groups.The average left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) 6 months after surgery was significantly improved compared with preoperative average LVEF in both groups.The average LVEF 6 months after surgery in patients with mitral regurgitation in the preservation group was significantly higher than that in non-preservation group(56.00%±3.47% vs.53.00%±3.13%,P = 0.000),and there was no statistical difference in the average LVEF 6 months after surgery in patients with mitral stenosis between the two groups(57.00%±5.58% vs.56.00%±4.79%,P = 0.066).Conclusion Preservation of posterior leaflet and subvalvular structures in MVR is a safe and effective surgical technique to reduce the risk of left ventricle rupture and improve postoperative left ventricular function.

Topic: Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigation of strong interactions between light nuclei at superlow energies using Z-pinch plasma flow

In the last 10 years, the advent of high power ion beams (HPIB) gave new opportunities to use them as an instrument in some areas of the applied and fundamental physics such as: plasma coherent radiation, equation of solid state, controlled fusion, stability issues. This paper suggests the novel HPIB application for fundamental nuclear physics, namely for the measurement of nuclear reaction cross-sections of light elements in the range of infra low energies of 100-2000 eV. In fact, existing experimental data on cross-sections for those reactions covers the range only above 6-10 keV and respective values are higher than 10/sup -31/ cm/sup 2/. The proposed novel approach will decrease several orders the threshold value of cross-sections measured and provide new information on charge symmetry of nuclear forces and on the mechanism involving exchange meson currents. We propose to use the high intensity radially converging ion flow generated during the plasma liner implosion at the high power pulsed generator. For the d+d, d+t, p+d reactions products' registration the scintillator X-rays, neutron spectrometers and charge particle track detectors will be used. The lower threshold of the cross-section value measured by the proposed method could be as low as 10/sup -40/ cm/sup 2/. In the paper are given the various experimental schemes, calculations of the cross-section values and results of the preliminary study.

Topic: Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
Subfield: Geochemistry and Petrology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Topochemistry. Part XXIII. The solid-state photochemistry at 25° of some muconic acid derivatives

trans,trans-Muconic acid, its monomethyl ester, and cis,cis-isomer, all of which crystallise in cells with shortest axes of 4 Å, react in the solid state on irradiation with λ > 290 mµ. At room temperature all give vinyl-substituted cyclobutanes of symmetry m, the configuration of which reproduces the geometry of the monomer molecules both in the attachment of the ring substituents and in the configuration of the vinyl side-chain. The all-trans-acid and its monomethyl ester give, in addition to dimers, various amounts of oligomers which, according to the spectroscopic evidence, are formed by both 1,4- and 1,2-addition of the butadiene chains. Dimethyl trans,trans-muconate, which does not crystallise in a 4 Å cell, is stable to λ > 290 mµ at 25°.

Topic: bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[The role of intravertebral disk protrusion in pathogenesis of lumbosacral radiculopathies in flying personnel].

The significance of x-ray computer tomography in determining the mechanisms of pathogenesis of lumbar-sacral radiculopathy in patients with protrusions of intervertebral disks of the lumbar-sacral backbone is demonstrated. Pilots with the protrusions (n = 135) and the intervertebral disk herinas (79) have been examined. The clinical course of the sickness was reviewed in both groups of patients. The computer-tomographic semiotics of various protrusions was elaborated and expanded and their clinical implications demonstrated. The fresh paradigm of pathogenesis of radiculopathy at various forms of protrusions is presented. The roentgenomorphologic classification of arthrosis of archiprossesed joints was studied and proposed.

Topic: Medical and Biological Sciences
Subfield: Anatomy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investigating the Effect of Nano Technology on Increasing Utilization in Oil Tanks and Wells in Upstream Industries

The oil industry needs solid and reliable materials in almost all processes. By making nano-scale materials, lighter, more robust, and more robust equipment than today's products can be produced. Nanotechnology in the field of oil industry and its related industries, in addition to reducing the environmental hazards of this sector and the possibility of saving from harvesting of underground reserves, will provide the basis for the growth of the country's major industries. Oil and gas industry in Iran is a long time and enjoyed. From these enormous resources, it has created a special place for the country. The effort to achieve technology and improve the status of these industries is something that should be given special attention. For this reason, the oil, gas and petrochemical industries have not gone away far beyond the penetration of nanotechnology, and nanotechnology has also entered this area.

Topic: Natural Resources and Economic Development
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Omitted Author Affiliation

Alexandra Philipsen, MD; Thomas Jans, PhD; Erika Graf, PhD; Swantje Matthies, MD; Patricia Borel; Michael Colla, MD; Laura Gentschow; Daina Langner, PhD; Christian Jacob, MD; Silke Groß-Lesch, MD; Esther Sobanski, MD; Barbara Alm, MD; Martina Schumacher-Stien; Michael Roesler, MD; Wolfgang Retz, MD; Petra Retz-Junginger, PhD; Bernhard Kis, MD; Mona Abdel-Hamid, PhD; Viola Heinrich; Michael Huss, MD; Catherine Kornmann; Arne Bürger; Evgeniy Perlov, MD; Gabriele Ihorst, PhD; Michael Schlander, MBA; Mathias Berger, MD; Ludger Tebartz van Elst, MD; for the Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD Study (COMPAS) Consortium

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Plant tissue culture of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker

Plant tissue culture of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (Thai name : Krachai-dam) was prepared by aseptically cleaning the shooting bud of rhizome explants and cultured on Murashighe and skoog (MS) medium without hormone. The shoot tips were transferred to culture on MS medium with Benzyl amino purine (BAP) at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 mg/l alone or combined with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 0, 0.1 and 1 mg/l for proliferation of shoot tips. It was found that optimum proliferation was maximal on solid MS medium supplemented with BAP 7 mg/l after one month and two months of cultures yielding average 4.2 and 4.5 shoots, respectively. Using liquid MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l of BAP, the multiple shoots were pale green. The shoot tips were developed to callus but scarcely producing axillary shoots when cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with the combination of hormones BAP and 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4D). Rooting was maximized by placing on solid MS medium supplemented with NAA 1 mg/l. The plantlets were transferred to grow on soil in the nersury. The percentage of survival was average 98 percent and 96.5 percent for one and two months of growth, respectively.

Topic: Ginger and Zingiberaceae research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
A Thunderstorm Bow Wave

The thunderstorm solitary gust or bow wave, observed by Doviak and Ge, is examined from the viewpoint of boundary layer wave theory. It is concluded that all its well defined characteristics are consistently modeled as a bow wave of ducted atmospheric modes accompanying the traveling storm. Secondary features, such as the later onset of turbulence, the solitary echo in the radar return, and the apparent rarity of such events can also be understood through a bow wave model. It is also suggested that the radar echo return cannot be attributed to a homogeneous distribution of scattering centers, and more investigation into the actual scattering process is needed.

Topic: Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD nb1pwr_PortThrough #181386.1 (analyzed)

Neutral beam injector (NBI) power-PortThrough of beam line 1 (BL1). The effective power that actually reaches the plasma after the negative ion-based neutral particle beam emitted from the NBI system passes through BL1.

Topic: Plant Molecular Biology Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences