jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
South-South Cooperation and Companies in Brazil and Chile

This article analyzes the participation of companies in the South-South Cooperation (SSC) of Brazil and Chile during the last decade. It proposes that economic interests attract the private sector into SSC -no exclusion being made of solidarity reasons- and that such interests are in line with the foreign policy objectives set by both governments. As Brazil and Chile have implemented very similar economic programs -the Brazilian one inspired in German neoliberalism, whereas the Chilean one, in the Chicago school, with less State intervention (Ramírez, 2012, p. 77)-, their companies’ participation enables us to observe whether the economic model has any impact on the role they play in SSC. During the last decade, Brazil’s and Chile’s SSC has pursued political and economic goals that form part of their respective national interest within a realistic approach to international relations. This interest is reflected in their economic policies, whereby companies can accumulate resources (capital, knowledge, expertise) to reach the international market; therefore, business strategies are rooted in national economic policies (Goldstein, 2007). In both cases, SSC is a foreign policy instrument helping Brazil and Chile attain their economic goals and overcome their neighbors’ mistrust and the new stratification of the Global South, according to which they are at an intermediate level close to the developed countries (Vieira Alden, 2011). Moreover, SSC serves as a mechanism to gain recognition and support (Brazil, at the WTO and the UN; Chile, among its regional priority partners), without necessarily representing a contradiction between solidarity for development and national economic advancement (Burges, 2012). This encourages business involvement, despite the differences as to the mechanisms used by either government to boost it and the type of business that participates (large-sized companies in Brazil, SMEs in Chile). In Brazil and Chile, private companies reap benefits from SSC, which have a positive impact on the governments’ political interests. Furthermore, SSC relies on the competitive advantages (technology, domestic savings, etc.) that these companies create as government policies favor their interests. In this sense, the economic model in Brazil and Chile is relevant for these countries’ SSC, as it gives the private sector a fundamental role in supporting their foreign policy goals. Overall, SSC and companies appear to supplement and support each other in both countries, without discrediting the benefits brought to third countries.

Topic: International Relations in Latin America
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
France-Pakistan : unwritten alliance

Les alliances pour la sécurité et le communisme comme levier sont deux politiques qui sont l'outil majeur des politiques étrangères des relations franco-pakistanaises pendant la guerre froide pour atteindre leurs objectifs nationaux. États-Unis a été l'acteur principal autour duquel l'ensemble de la formation politique fondée. Les menaces réelles ou supposées pour la France ou le Pakistan les a conduit à adopter la politique étrangère réactif - que ce soit contre les Etats-Unis ou contre l'Inde. Cette perception de la menace, quand on les croise dans une certaine mesure, a été transformé en nationalisme nucléaire dans les deux pays - bien que dans les décennies différentes. Être une grande pouvoir du passé, l’adaptation de ces politiques par la France qui peuvent être attendus par un pays sous-développé comme le Pakistan, conclure deux choses : la position de la France en déclin dans les décisions internationales faisant la hiérarchie et la lutte pour survivre a diminué le statut politique des Etats lors de la formulation des politiques. Le lien qui renforce la relation entre les États est non seulement la communauté d'intérêts, mais aussi l'adoption de politiques mêmes sous certaines contraintes. La chaleur qui se développe entre la France et le Pakistan au cours des années 1960 et plus tard - a prouvé qu'il existe de grande possibilité qui aident les deux États à avancer. Si elles peuvent formuler des même politiques, sans consultation, ils étendre ce peuple de l'approche dans d'autres domaines d'intérêt.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Democracy and the capitalist crisis: the case of Greece

The current economic crisis has revealed the tensions between capitalism and democracy and the extent to which the structural power relations of the former undermine the meaningfulness of democratic political institutions. This article explores these tensions by focusing on Greece and on the delegitimising impact that the current crisis and the austerity package supervised by the International Monetary Fund, European Union and the European Central Bank have had on the Greek political system.

Topic: Economic Theory and Policy
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Gain saturation in Nd-doped phosphate laser glasses

We have studied saturation of gain in several Nd-doped phosphate glasses which are being evaluated for possible use in the Nova laser facility. Phosphate glass of excellent optical quality can be produced in sizes adequate to fabricate the large amplifier rods and disks needed for fusion lasers.

Topic: Solid State Laser Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Carex muskingumensis and Osmotic Stress: Identification of Reference Genes for Transcriptional Profiling by RT-qPCR

Carex muskingumensis is a highly valued perennial ornamental grass cultivated worldwide. However, there is limited genetic data regarding this species. Selection of proper reference genes (RGs) for reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data normalization has become an essential step in gene expression analysis. In this study, we aimed to examine expression stability of nine candidate RGs in C. muskingumensis plants, subjected to osmotic stress, generated either by salinity or PEG treatment. The identification of genes exhibiting high expression stability was performed by four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and deltaCt method). The results showed that the combination of two genes would be sufficient for reliable expression data normalization. ADP (ADP-ribosylation factor) and TBP (TATA-box-binding protein) were identified as the most stably expressed under salinity treatment, while eIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A) and TBP were found to show the highest stability under PEG-induced drought. A set of three genes (ADP, eIF4A and TBP) displayed the highest expression stability across all experimental samples tested in this study. To our best knowledge, this is the first report regarding RGs selection in C. muskingumensis. It will provide valuable starting point information for conducting further analyses in this and related species concerning their responses to water shortage and salinity stress.

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PENDETEKSIAN FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD MENGGUNAKAN FRAUD PENTAGON PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2018-2020

Financial statement fraud is the fraud that is carried out by displaying financial statements that are not by actual events. The reason for doing financial statement fraud is to make stockholders believe that the performance of the company is satisfactory. In facilitating its actions, it can be done by presenting annual financial statements that are better than the original, such as increasing profits and reducing debt. The purpose of this study is to identify opportunities for financial statement fraud to occur using the fraud pentagon model theory developed by Crowe Howarth in 2012. In the fraud Pentagon model, there are five main variable elements, namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability, and arrogance. The population and sample in this study use annual reports from mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018-2020 period. The data used is secondary data by obtaining it from the company's official website and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. Through the purposive sampling method, 32 companies were selected as samples. The multiple regression analysis methods was chosen to analyze the data assisted by the SPSS 21 program. The results of this study indicate that the ineffective monitoring variable as measured by the comparison of the board of commissioners influences on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, other variables such as financial target, external pressure, nature of industry, Rationalization, Capability, and Arrogance do not affect on financial statement fraud.

Topic: Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The perks of customer feedback: how even bad reviews can benefit your practice

With the rapid development of digital feedback platforms and instant access to social media, one bad patient experience can have a reverberating impact on your practice. Nancy Wiggins and Victoria Smith look at how the art of complaining is evolving, explain why negative feedback is a gift and discuss how to implement a system that sees patients providing the solution to excellent customer service

Topic: Healthcare Systems and Technology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Simple Frost Model for Calculation of the Frost Thickness over Ground Aircraft Surfaces

In this study, a simple model that describes frost formation over ground aircraft surfaces is presented. The model uses the data of the aircraft surface temperature, air temperature and air velocity to predict the frost thickness. The frost surface temperature and the frost thickness under different atmospheric conditions are investigated. The results indicate the frost thickness increases with the air velocity and the air temperature, decrease with the surface temperature. This model enables forecast of the frost formation over ground aircraft surface.

Topic: Icing and De-icing Technologies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pengaruh Dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Minat Servis Pada Bengkel AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kediri

This purpose of this study was determine the effect of variables from the dimensions of service quality on interest in service at AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kediri Workshop. The method used in this research is quantitative method. Population 600. The sample size is90 respondents. The analysis method is multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing through statistical tests, namely t test (partial) and F test (simultaneous). The results conclude that the physical evidence variable tangibles affected the interset in servicing the AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kedir Workshop of 2.286 with a significant 0.025. The Reliability variable has a partially effect on service interest in the loyal AHASS Workshop Kawan Kandangan Kediri of 2.600 with a significant 0.011. Responsiveness variable partially influenced the service interest in the AHASS Setia workhsop Kawan Kandangan Kediri of 2,388 with a significant 0.019. Assurance variable partially influences service interest in AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kediri workshop of 2.352 with significant 0.021. Emphaty variable has partial effect on service interest in AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kediri Workshop of 3.598 with a significant 0.001. The variables of phsysical evidence tangibles, realibility, responsives, assuarance, emphaty variables influence simultaneously ti service interest in the workshop of AHASS Setia Kawan Kandangan Kediri of 16,271 with a significant 0.000. Keywords: Tangible; Realibility; Responsiveness; Assurance; Emphaty; Service Interest

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Entering the classroom of the university in North America: feelings on academic visiting a thoughts on teaching

The lively lecture in Harvard University initiates the author's thoughts and consideration associated with the education issues during the academic visiting in North America.From my views of prospective, the deficiency of reading amount seriously affected the teaching quality and degree programs for the domestic graduate education, which then can hardly inspire the potentials of the students.Specifically, the respective roles of the teachers, the supervisors and the graduate students themselves in studies are taken into account in this paper, and the main causes of such problem are analyzed.Finally, the measures and resources are stated improving the teaching forms, enhancing the accumulation of academic and creating the academic atmospheres.

Topic: Evaluation of Teaching Practices
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
PENGARUH MODEL INDEX CARD MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR AKIDAH AKHLAK KELAS II MI NU SUKOMALO LAMONGAN

The low student learning outcomes in Aqidah Akhlak lessons are due to the learning model used which tends to be teacher-centered with a lecture model, therefore innovative learning models are needed to be an alternative problem solving for low student learning outcomes, one of which is by applying the Index Card Match model. This study aims to determine the effect of the Index Card Match model on the Akidah Akhlak learning outcomes of grade II students of MI NU Sukomalo Lamongan. The type of research method used is quantitative research. The research design used is One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design, in this design there are accurate results by comparing the learning outcomes of the situation before and after being given treatment with the Index Card Match model. Data analysis techniques use differentiation, difficulty and sensitivity of question items. This study uses a paired sample t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05. The results showed a sig value of 0.000 which means less than 0.05 so it can be stated that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus obtaining information that there is an effect of the Index Card Match model on the learning outcomes of Akidah Akhlak class II at MI NU Sukomalo Lamongan and the average learning outcomes of students show before using the Index Card Match model the average value is 56.35 and after using the Index Card Match model the average value is 82.3 that there is an increase in student learning outcomes by 25.95. Based on the explanation of the research results as a whole, it can be concluded that there is an influence and improvement in student learning outcomes after being treated with the Index Card Match model on the learning outcomes of Akidah Akhlak class II at MI NU Sukomalo Lamongan.

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Alcohol and the Heart

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Alcohol and the HeartJOHN P. SHEEHAN, M.D.JOHN P. SHEEHAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1022 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The report of Greenspon and Schaal (1), and the accompanying editorial (2), highlighted the arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol. Neither communication, however, mentioned alcohol-related hypomagnesemia as an important factor both in the precipitation of atrial fibrillation and its responsiveness to therapy. All patients in the study by Greenspon and Schall surprisingly were reported to have normal serum magnesium levels, and Ettinger and associates (3) did not document the magnesium levels of their patients with "holiday heart," although severe hypokalemia was recorded. One would expect at least 25% of all chronic alcoholics to have subnormal serum magnesium levels (4);...References1. GREENSPON A and SCHAAL S. The "holiday heart": electrophysiologic studies of alcohol effects in alcoholics. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:135-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LUCK J and ENGEL T. Arrhythmias and social drinking [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:253. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ETTINGER P, WU C, DE LA CRUZ C, WEISSE A, AHMED S, and REGAN T. Arrhythmias and the "holiday heart": alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders. Am Heart J. 1978;95:555-62. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HEATON F, PYRAH L, BERESFORD C, BRYSON R, and MARTIN D. Hypomagnesemia in chronic alcoholism. Lancet. 1962;2:802-5. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. SHEEHAN J and WHITE A. Diuretic-associated hypomagnesemia. Br Med J. 1982;285:1157-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. GREENSPON A and SCHALL S. The "holiday heart": electrophysiologic studies of alcohol effects in alcoholics. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:135-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LUCK J and ENGEL T. Arrhythmias and social drinking [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:253. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ALTIERI P, GUZMAN P, and GUERRA E. Relative sinus and atrioventricular node dysfunction produced by alcohol. In: Proceedings of the VI World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing. Montreal: PACESYMP; 1979: Chap. 5-9. Google Scholar4. ALTIERI P, BANCH H, and MARTÍNEZ J. Alcohol induced sick sinus syndrome: effect via the autonomic system [Abstract]. IX World Congress of Cardiol. 1982;1:404. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN P. SHEEHAN, M.D.Affiliations: Joslin Diabetes Center Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySpecial Aspects of Human Alcohol Withdrawal 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1022-1022KeywordsAddictionAlcoholicsAlcoholsAtrial fibrillationHeartHypomagnesemiaLongitudinal studiesMagnesium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Synthesis of a Spiro[tetrahydroquinoline‐[1,3,4]thiadiazole] Derivative

Abstract The synthesis of 2‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐4‐one thiosemicarbazone ( 2c ) and subsequent cyclization to the title compound ( 3e , R = H) under acetylating conditions are described Their structure was determined by IR‐, 1 H‐ and 13 C NMR, as well as mass spectral data.

Topic: Synthesis and biological activity
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protoplasmic Streaming and Nuclear Differentiation during Conjugation of Paramecium caudatum

It is known in Paramecium that the fate of the micronucleus is determined by the intracellular localization of the nucleus and that protoplasmic streaming named cyclosis is very active during vegetative phase. The active streaming, if it occurs during conjugation, may interfere with the correct positioning of micronuclei and/or cytoplasmic determinants in a cell. In the present work, the velocity of protoplasmic streaming was measured during conjugation of P. caudatum. The results showed that the velocity changed remarkably at 3 stages. (1) It increased with the expansion of its active area 3 to 5 minutes after the mating reaction and then decreased again to the ordinary speed within 3 hours. The results of micro- or macronuclear removal showed that the increase in the velocity was not mediated either by the micronucleus or by the macro-nucleus. Moreover, injection of the anti-α-tubulin antibody at the mating reaction did not suppress the protoplasmic streaming effectively, although a role of microtubules on the protoplasmic streaming is not ruled out completely. (2) At the stages of disintegration of meiotic products and the exchange of gametic nuclei, the cytoplasm ceased streaming and then resumed it soon after synkaryon formation. (3) The streaming ceased again at the critical stage of macro-and micronuclear differentiation after the separation of mating pair, although the streaming was very active before and after this stage. Both cessations of (2) and (3) were not influenced by removal of the micronucleus during conjugation. The velocity of protoplasmic streaming during conjugation does not directly correlated with the micronuclear behavior. The cessation seems to be very convenient for intracellular positioning of the cytoplasmic determinants and/or of the micronuclei for the nuclear differentiation.

Topic: Protist diversity and phylogeny
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of protein spectra cluster analysis for <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. identification from various swine clinical samples

Traditional microbiological methods enable genus-level identification of Streptococcus spp. isolates. However, as the species of this genus show broad phenotypic variation, species-level identification or even differentiation within the genus is difficult. Herein we report the evaluation of protein spectra cluster analysis for the identification of Streptococcus species associated with disease in swine by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 250 S. suis–like isolates obtained from pigs with clinical signs of encephalitis, arthritis, pneumonia, metritis, and urinary or septicemic infection were studied. The isolates came from pigs in different Brazilian states from 2001 to 2014. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis identified 86% (215 of 250) as S. suis and 14% (35 of 250) as S. alactolyticus, S. dysgalactiae, S. gallinaceus, S. gallolyticus, S. gordonii, S. henryi, S. hyointestinalis, S. hyovaginalis, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. pluranimalium, and S. sanguinis. The MALDI-TOF MS identification was confirmed in 99.2% of the isolates by 16S rDNA sequencing, with MALDI-TOF MS misidentifying 2 S. pluranimalium as S. hyovaginalis. Isolates were also tested by a biochemical automated system that correctly identified all isolates of 8 of the 10 species in the database. Neither the isolates of the 3 species not in the database ( S. gallinaceus, S. henryi, and S. hyovaginalis) nor the isolates of 2 species that were in the database ( S. oralis and S. pluranimalium) could be identified. The topology of the protein spectra cluster analysis appears to sustain the species phylogenetic similarities, further supporting identification by MALDI-TOF MS examination as a rapid and accurate alternative to 16S rDNA sequencing.

Topic: Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences