jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reactions of recoil bromine species produced by neutron capture in 1,4-dibromobenzene–benzene mixtures

Recoil reactions of 80mBr, 80Br and 82Br originating from 1,4-dibromobenzene (1,4-DBB) following neutron capture have been investigated in benzene solutions by the charged-plate technique (CPT). Both anionic and cationic charged bromine species are produced and collected on electrodes. The electrode yields increase with an increase in 1,4-DBB concentration up to 13 mol% and the yields for all the three bromine radioisotopes abruptly decrease to fairly low values thereafter.It could be deduced from these results that the recoil bromine reactions in neutron-irradiated 1,4-DBB–benzene solutions are influenced by the physical parameters (molecular weight, density, viscosity and refractive index) of the media. The results obtained are discussed critically in the light of existing views and mechanisms advanced by the numerous workers in the field. The electrode deposition pattern reflecting the final chemical stabilisation process of bromine radioisotope species in this media has been deduced to some extent.

Topic: Radioactive element chemistry and processing
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Single-stage reconstruction of flexor tendons with vascularized tendon transfers

The reconstruction of finger flexor tendons with vascularized flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon grafts (flaps) based on the ulnar vessels as a single stage is not a popular technique. We reviewed 40 flexor tendon reconstructions (four flexor pollicis longus and 36 finger flexors) with vascularized FDS tendon grafts in 38 consecutive patients. The donor tendons were transferred based on the ulnar vessels as a single-stage procedure (37 pedicled flaps, three free flaps). Four patients required composite tendon and skin island transfer. Minimum follow-up was 12 months, and functional results were evaluated using a total active range of motion score. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors that could be associated with the postoperative total active range of motion. The average postoperative total active range of motion (excluding the thumbs) was 178.05° (SD 50°). The total active range of motion was significantly lower for patients who were reconstructed with free flaps and for those who required composite tendon and skin island flap. Age, right or left hand, donor/motor tendon and pulley reconstruction had no linear effect on total active range of motion. Overall results were comparable with a published series on staged tendon grafting but with a lower complication rate. Vascularized pedicled tendon grafts/flaps are useful in the reconstruction of defects of finger flexor tendons in a single stage, although its role in the reconstructive armamentarium remains to be clearly established.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidinones Derived from (S)‐Pyroglutamic Acid. Part 1. Conformationally Constrained Glutamate.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Diagnostic value of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. A comparative analysis comparing it with transthoracic echocardiography].

The aim of this study is to compare the performance of Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) and the Transthoracic approach (TTE) in the diagnosis of Infectious Endocarditis (IE). Between October/90, the data we started transesophageal ultrasound, till April/92, we performed 33 TTE in inpatients with clinical suspicion of IE. Twenty pts (61%) had one or two prosthesis. All the pts had a previous TTE. The diagnosis of IE determined by non-echocardiographic data was established on 18 pts. The other 15 pts, without clinical criteria of IE, were used as the control group. The Echocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of IE were for both diagnostic tools the presence of masses suggesting vegetation of abscess. The diagnosis was correctly made by TTE in 8 of the 18 pts (S-44%) and by TEE in 16 of the 18 pts (S-89%) with clinical criteria for IE. Of the 15 patients without clinical criteria for IE 14 were correctly identified by TTE (Sp-93%) and 13 by TEE (Sp-89%). With a similar VPP (89%) for both tools has TEE a significative higher value for NPV than TTE (87% vs 58%). This study suggests that TEE, at a same level of specificity as TTE, is highly more sensitive in the diagnosis of IE (S-89 14 for TEE and S-44 23 for TTE) a figure that recommends that all patients with clinical suspicion of IE and a negative TTE should perform a TEE.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effect of Management Practices on Bacterial, Fungal, and Nematode Communities on Cool Season Turfgrass

Over the past forty-years, neoliberal education reform policies in the U.S. have spurred significant resistance, often galvanized by claims that such policies undermine public education as a vital institution of U.S. democracy. Within this narrative, many activists call to “save our schools” and return them to a time when public schools served the common good. With these narratives in mind, I explore the foundational and persistent power structures that characterize the U.S. as a means to reveal the fundamental purpose of its public education system. The questions that guide my research include: (1) With an understanding that capitalism, white supremacy, settler colonialism and heteropatriarchy are inherently inequitable, incredibly violent and undemocratic; how can we expect meaningful and lasting social protections or even emancipation within a nation-state constituted by these structures? (2) Consequently, can we then expect public education - an institution constructed and controlled by these structural forces - to be transformed into an equitable and democratic institution? (3) Is it even possible to attain state protections for the common good within the current global domain of finance capital? In this extensive historical analysis, I examine these questions using a critical theory lens, historical revisionism and discourse analysis to interrogate primary source materials, scholarly work, news stories, policies and industry publications. This research shows that public education is an extension of a duplicitous and despotic cultural political economy and thus has never been, nor ever could be, an institution that serves democratic or emancipatory purposes. I contend that it is imprudent to strive to transform public education to serve democratic purposes. My research makes evident how current education policies are a continuation of the original design of public education, yet modernized to bolster the imperious and ubiquitous interests of global financialization.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Existentialist Philosophies of Anxiety: A Comparative Exploration of Kierkegaard and Heidegger

This academic essay delves into the intricate realm of existentialist philosophies concerning anxiety, examining the perspectives of two towering figures in philosophy: Sren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. Both of these existential philosophers have made a big deal out of the concept of anxiety and have a considerable understanding of it. From a particular perspective, it is possible that Heidegger drew on Kierkegaard's interpretation of the concept of anxiety. The objective of this analysis is to comprehensively scrutinize the philosophical underpinnings of anxiety, exploring how these thinkers conceived it in the context of the human experience. Furthermore, this essay examines the religious backgrounds of Kierkegaard and Heidegger, shedding light on the profound influence of their respective religious upbringings on their philosophical interpretations of anxiety. As contemporary society grapples with a multitude of anxieties, the insights of these philosophers remain pertinent, providing valuable perspectives on the nature of anxiety, freedom, and human existence. The essay also critiques part of modern psychological approaches to anxiety, revealing the enduring relevance of existentialist thought.

Topic: Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A case of chronic fatigue syndrome with an increased generation of oxygen-derived free radicals from neutrophils.

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition of unknown etiology, characterized by an extreme fatigue that is exacerbated by minimal physical activity. Immunological abonormality is prevalent in patients with CFS (e. g. abnormal functions of natural killer cell, macrophage, and lymphocyte) . However, in our knowledge, no study has been reported about neutrophil function, so that we have investigated a neutrophil bactericidal function, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (L-DCL), in a 24-years old female with CFS. L-DCL under whole blood condition was apparently increased, while L-DCL from separated neutrophils was in normal range. A combination therapy with vitamin C, vitamin E, and eicosapentanoic acid, those are known to be antioxidant drugs and to inhibit a generation of oxygen derived free radicals from neutrophils, apparently improved her symptoms and L-DCL under whole blood condition. These data suggest that symptoms of CFS may be partially caused by inflammatory mediators such as oxygen derived free radicals and the combination therapy may be useful to improve the symptoms of CFS. It may be possible that the measurement of neutrophil bactericidal function is available to evaluate the condition of CFS.

Topic: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Clientelism and cartelization in post-communist Europe: the case of Romania

The present thesis makes a twofold contribution to the existing literature. Firstly, it shows that clientelism complements cartelization, providing parties with stability in condition of weak mass mobilization. Secondly, it traces the specific mechanisms through which cartel parties channel public resources, within the institutional setting of the post-communist Europe. It provides an important extension to the cartel party literature in the context of new democracies. The main finding of this project is that cartel parties can survive and achieve stability through clientelistic distribution of benefits, both within, and outside their organisations. Furthermore, I find that cartelization generates a new model of clientelism, as public resources (e.g. procurement contracts) are also used to finance the party organisations, not only the clients. Through the in-depth case study of Romania, we can see that when political parties have little time to develop territorial networks and mobilization capacity, clientelism becomes an effective tool for establishing roots in society. The context of post-communist countries presents distinctive conditions for clientelistic linkages and the cartelization process. Multi-party systems in these countries have reappeared simultaneously with the institutions of the democratic state. Consequently, party-state interpenetration has been more profound, building upon previous legacies, as well as the permissive transitional circumstances. The present thesis analyses the following sequences of clientelistic exchanges: (1) internal party selection – patrons within the party organisations, (2) party patronage – political interference in public institutions, (3) politicization—political appointments in key positions of the Central Government (i.e. Senior Civil Servants), and finally (4) preferential resource allocation—public funding channelled through party networks. In addition to the chapters devoted to each of these clientelistic mechanisms, the thesis also contains a comparative chapter overseeing the challenges and opportunities for clientelism and cartelization in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

Topic: Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimal Missing Value Estimation Algorithm for Groundwater Levels

In this study an algorithm for missing data imputation is presented. The algorithm uses measurements from neighboring sensors to estimate the missing values. Data-driven approach is used and methodology chooses the optimal available combination of modeling algorithm and available measurements to produce an estimate from the model with lowest error. The methodology was tested on Ljubljana polje aquifer data and has produced close to perfect results.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by venom peptides

The synthetic analogues of three naturally occurring peptides from the venom of Bothrops jararaca have been tested as inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme activity in two systems. They have widely differing absolute potencies but the relative potencies are similar in the two systems. The high inhibitory potency of the nonapeptide is compatible with a non-competitive type of inhibition.

Topic: Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
All-optical switching with a nematic coherent mixer

The Kerr-like (reorientational) response of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) can be exploited in a guided-wave configuration supporting two TM-polarized modes, by which an integrated-optics switch is demonstrated that is able to all-optically route the signal to either of two outputs. Although the switch optimization would require adiabatically tailored input and output Y-junctions to launch the excitation, its geometry is the simplest offering switching/routing with all-optical control at mW powers. Results on the switching speed is presented.

Topic: Photonic and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Den senere Grue-Sørensen

In 1955 the fi rst Danish chair in education was set up at the University of Copenhagen and Knud Grue-Sørensen – Doctor of Philosophy – became appointed as holder of the chair. In 1965 the chair had an institute,Institute of Educational Th eory, connected to it.The following deals with the nineteen years (1955-74) in which Grue-Sørensen worked as a professor of educationat the university. The assumption upon which the essay rests is that his main ambition during theseyears was to lay the scientific foundations of educational theory as a an autonomous discipline in its own rightnext to neighbouring disciplines like, say, psychology and sociology. Although well acquainted with those disciplineshe nevertheless consequently subjected their research results to critical examination of their relevanceto the solution of educational problems. Infl uenced in general by a strong interest in language matters andby English philosophers (e.g. George Moore and Gilbert Ryle) in particular he practiced a method of ordinarylanguage analysis and applied it to bring to light important language nuances often overlooked in empiricalresearch. Convincingly, he demonstrated this method in his analysis of the concept of learning.

Topic: Linguistic Education and Pedagogy
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Pediatric Research ‘Personalized‘? International Perspectives on the Return of Results

Decision-making dynamics in pediatric research have their foundation in the principle of the 'best interests of the child'. The introduction of new sequencing technologies and the concomitant debate surrounding the return of research results and incidental findings are, however, challenging the interpretation of this principle. A comparative analysis of international and national approaches to the issue (USA, Canada, France, Spain and the UK) reveals not only the emergence of context-specific pediatric policy in this regard, but one that is 'personalized' to the child - that is, what is clinically significant and actionable during childhood.

Topic: Child and Adolescent Health
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhancement of speech using deep neural network with discrete cosine transform

In this digitized world, the demand of users emphasizes the quality and accuracy. Practically, all variants of signals are analog in nature along with contaminated with noise. In this paper, speech signal is considered. Basically speech signal varies from person to person and time to time. It requires enhancement of the signal for different applications like engineering, medicine and social purposes. Reduction of noise as well as redundant data from the signal can be produced with enhanced versions. As the speech is of nonstationary in nature, in the initial phase, it is processed and normalized. To analyze the speech signal, spectral domain is most suitable and has been utilized. For this purpose, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT-II) is used. As it has the advantage over other transforms and the calculation is simpler, DCT-II coefficients are further used for Deep Neural Network (DNN) model to reduce the noise and enhance the signal. So that the signal of any environment and of any amount can be enhanced using this model. 100 sentences have been collected form both males and females of 5 each. The sentences have been uttered by the corresponding males and females, 10 sentences each. Though DCT-II and DNN have been applied by many researchers for signal features and image classification, the same have been utilized here for speech enhancement, which is the novelty of this work. The results found better than the other methods applied earlier and it can be best utilized for any real time application. In the result section, the visual inspection is exhibited along with the comparison values. The measuring parameters show its efficacy.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A discrete time neural network model with spiking neurons II. Dynamics with noise

We provide rigorous and exact results characterizing the statistics of spike trains in a network of leaky integrate and fire neurons, where time is discrete and where neurons are submitted to noise, without restriction on the synaptic weights. We show the existence and uniqueness of an invariant measure of Gibbs type and discuss its properties. We also discuss Markovian approximations and relate them to the approaches currently used in computational neuroscience to analyse experimental spike trains statistics.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Public Reactions to Poor Families: Characteristics That Influence Attitudes toward Assistance

is knownabout the normative judgments of the public on the subject of welfare bene-fits. Because reform is taking place in several key aspects of the national wel-fare system, it is important to know the congruence of public attitudes and public policy in this area. On the basis of a vignette study describing poor single-and two-parent families with varying levels of income, numbers of children, work status and motivation, educational achievements, and so on, this research explores three issues regarding what the American public thinks is fair when redistributing public resources to low-income families. First, what characteristics of families are judged important by citizens deciding on the appropriate level of support? Is ob-jective need for help more important than such &amp;quot;deservingness &amp;quot; factors as work ef-fort or reasons for not working? (The words &amp;quot;deservingness, &amp;quot; &amp;quot;deserving,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;undeserving &amp;quot; reflect a categoriza-tion imposed by public attitudes, rather than chosen by the author.) Second, how much consensus is there among the American public on this ques-tion? Is there a &amp;quot;normative &amp;quot; consensus on the factors that take highest priority in deciding what is fair? Does everyone, regardless of income, education, or ideology, balance need and deserving-ness factors in the same way? Third, given that recommended dollar amounts of assistance are produced from the vignette study, how do these amounts compare with the official poverty line and with current welfare benefits such as

Topic: Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A comparative <i>ab initio</i> study of Br2•− and Br2 water clusters

The work presents ab initio results on structure and electronic properties of Br2•−.nH2O(n=1–10) and Br2.nH2O(n=1–8) hydrated clusters to study the effects of an excess electron on the microhydration of the halide dimer. A nonlocal density functional, namely, Becke’s half-and-half hybrid exchange-correlation functional is found to perform well on the present systems with a split valence 6-31++G(d,p) basis function. Geometry optimizations for all the clusters are carried out with several initial guess structures and without imposing any symmetry restriction. Br2•−.nH2O clusters prefer to have symmetrical double hydrogen-bonding structures. Results on Br2.nH2O(n⩾2) cluster show that the O atom of one H2O is oriented towards one Br atom and the H atom of another H2O is directed to other Br atom making Br2 to exist as Br+–Br− entity in the cluster. The binding and solvation energies are calculated for the Br2•−.nH2O and Br2.nH2O clusters. Calculations of the vibrational frequencies show that the formation of Br2•− and Br2 water clusters induces significant shifts from the normal modes of isolated water. Excited-state calculations are carried out on Br2•−.nH2O clusters following configuration interaction with single electron excitation procedure and UV-VIS absorption profiles are simulated. There is an excellent agreement between the present theoretical UV-VIS spectra of Br2•−.10H2O cluster and the reported transient optical spectra for Br2•− in aqueous solution.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences