jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pupillary and Vascular Effects of Calcium Antagonists in Migraine

In migraine patients the effects of calcium antagonists (flunarizine, verapamil and nifedipine) on both venous and pupillary neuromuscular functions, as well as on blood pressure have been evaluated. A single oral dose of flunarizine (10 mg) and verapamil infusion (50 μg/ml/min) increased venous compliance. Verapamil also counteracted dose-dependent dopamine induced venoconstriction. Nifedipine (10 mg orally) reduced mean arterial pressure in upright position in migraineurs but not in controls. In addition, chronic treatment with flunarizine (10 mg for 2 weeks) induced a transient miotic effect and a reduction of tyramine induced mydriasis. These findings demonstrated that calcium antagonists affect vascular and extra-vascular structures. It is postulated that, in migraine, calcium entry blockers may prevent exaggerated responses to catecholaminergic stimulation.

Topic: Migraine and Headache Studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Measurement and validation of waterlines and surface currents using surf-zone video imaging.

The continuous monitoring of beaches and structures near, or in the surf-zone, has become a vital task from an environmental and economic standpoint. Specifically, the Durban beaches are continually nourished with sand that is dredged south of the Durban Harbour mouth. Constant monitoring is essential to control the erosion and accretion of these beaches. Currently, infrequent and labour-intensive manual surveys are being used to fulfil this task. This dissertation describes ;the techniques used to process and validate surf-zone video images to extract information, which is equivalent but more frequent and cost effective to that obtained using manual surveying methods. The emphasis is on the extraction of accurate hourly waterlines by analysing video images obtained from Coastal Imaging stations located at Addington Beach and North Beach in Durban, South Africa and the measurement of rip currents in the surf-zone from video images together with the validation of these results. The implementation of a neural network incorporating non-local image pixel data is more reliable than previously used methods, for example, grayscale thresholding or the delta-discriminator. Grayscale thresholding relies on the difference between the water and the sand pixel intensities. The delta-discriminator incorporates huesaturation-lightness (HSL) values to improve the discrimination between water and sand. These methods could not, however, overcome the problem of varying seasonal and diurnal light intensities and require the prior choice of threshold values.

Topic: Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design and Construction of the MTest Detector

The MINER?A (Main Injector Experiment of the ?-A) neutrino detector is a fine-grained, fully active detector which is to be installed along the NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beamline upstream of the MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) near detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The goal of the MINER?A experiment is to improve understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions in the 2 GeV -10 GeV energy region. Before the MINER?A experiment can gather useful data however, it must be calibrated. The primary calibration will be made using the MINER?A Meson Test Detector (MTest), which is essentially a smaller version of the MINER?A detector. Once constructed, the MTest detector will be installed in the Meson Test Beam facility at Fermilab, which will provide beams of protons, pions, and electrons at tunable energies. The patterns of energy depositions from interactions of each of these particles in the MTest detector will be used to optimize simulations of the particle interactions in MINER?A. This will provide the energy calibration for the MINER?A detector and help define distinguishing characteristics for different types of particles in MINER?A.

Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Meditech ABPM-06 ambulatory blood pressure measuring device, according to the European Society of Hypertension, the British Hypertension Society and the International Organization for Standardization Protocol

The devices to be used in clinical practice should be tested for accuracy and should be validated through the validation protocol. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Meditech-ABPM-06 ambulatory blood pressure monitor.The test was carried out in accordance with the protocol established by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH-IP), the British Hypertension Society, and the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2-2013 protocols.In the European Society of Hypertension validation procedure the subjects with two or three of the absolute differences between observer and device SBP/DBP measurements within 5 mmHg were 31/31. The average device-observer difference was -0.4 ± 3.9 mmHg for SBP and -0.4 ± 2.8 mmHg for DBP. In the British Hypertension Society validation procedure the mean differences of the test device and observer readings were -1.0 ± 4.6 (systolic) and -1.1 ± 4.5 (diastolic). In the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2-2013 validation procedure (criterion 1) the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP was -0.5 ± 4.0/-0.3 ± 4.5 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). The two criteria of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO were fulfilled.The Meditech ABPM-06 blood pressure measure device met the requirements specified by the British Hypertension Society, the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol and the AAMI, and therefore was considered acceptable to clinical use with a Grade of A/A.

Topic: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the Necessity of the Interconnection between Law and Morality*

Abstract. By taking issue with Robert Alexy's claim to correctness, I attempt to cast light on the nature of the necessity that pertains to the claim. With respect to it, I argue that it should be understood as deriving from the metaphysical requirements for normative knowledge in general. These requirements are shown to include a general norm of autonomy which is a priori and necessary, and comprises a minimal morality. The line of reasoning is compatible with discourse theory, but does not presuppose it; therefore more far-reaching conclusions can be drawn.

Topic: Law in Society and Culture
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Mass movements, geotechnical properties, and slope stability in the outer shelf—Upper slope, northwestern Aegean sea

Abstract Subbottom profiling (3.5 kHz) in the uppermost slope of the outer shelf of the northwestern Aegean Sea has shown downslope slumping and intense sediment deformation as well as a succession of microslumping within the Late Pleistocene delta sequences. Postdeposition bottom erosion by currents and the overconsolidated sediments (Cu/Po > 1) indicate the termination of deformations a long time ago. Deformation processes are estimated to have been active 18,000–10,000 B.P. Large‐scale active downslope deformations with clockwise sediment block rotation have affected the area as well. These longer‐period deformations are associated with regional neotectonics and older unconformities (i. e., Plio‐Pleistocene) as potential slide planes. Geotechnical properties reflect mainly textural variations and locally (within sapropelic layers) high organic matter content. Relatively high values of shear strength were measured (5–29 kPa) with intermediate sensitivities (2–5), whereas relatively low values of water content (33–81%) were found along the five selective sediment cores. Infinity slope stability analysis revealed that the slopes in the study area are most stable, although theoretical evaluations (Cu estimated from linear regression analysis) indicate relative instability for the potential glide plane at 20 m depth. The outer shelf is covered by compact relict sands, and their gentle and low‐angle (<0.2°) slopes are the most stable region of the investigated area.

Topic: Marine and environmental studies
Subfield: Oceanography
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Qualitative Study On The Perceived Barriers Of A Physical Activity Program In Toddlers: Classroom Teacher Perspective

Toddler children (18 months-2.8 years) spend a significant portion of their day at childcare settings, where they spend most of their time engaged in sedentary activity. Toddler classroom teachers have a considerable influence on toddlers’ physical activity (PA) levels. Due to the toddler classroom environment, teachers may encounter unique age and ability related barriers to the implementation of PA programs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the perceived barriers that toddler classroom teachers may face in implementing PA programs to toddlers. METHODS: Toddler classroom teachers from 3 environmentally matched childcare centers from the Springfield MA area participated in this qualitative study. Focus group meetings (n=3) were conducted separately at each center. At each meeting, a semi-structured focus group format and questionnaire were used to guide the sessions. All focus groups were audio-recorded and later transcribed by a primary, secondary, and tertiary trained researchers. Researchers used open coding to identify themes. Representative quotes were selected for each theme to demonstrate saturation of ideas. RESULTS: A total of 15 teachers participated in this study (age = 38.4 ± 12.5; BMI (self-reported) = 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Teachers had an average of 9.5 ± 8.7 years of experience as toddler classroom teachers (ranging between 1 to 28 years). Teachers perceived barriers to PA were categorized into 3 main themes. The three main themes were 1) essential childcare needs (e.g., regular diaper changes of the toddlers, child supervision), 2) wide variation in cognitive and motor skill abilities of toddlers (e.g., differences in children that just learned to walk versus those that have been walking for an extended period, short attention span) and 3) limited resources and physical space (e.g., limited activity options, small classroom design to hold 9 toddlers). CONCLUSION: This qualitative study provides preliminary evidence that classroom teachers face unique perceived barriers in implementing PA to toddlers. Future research should examine how these perceived barriers can be incorporated into the design and implementation of PA programs designed for toddlers within the childcare center.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Root Water Uptake: From Three‐Dimensional Biophysical Processes to Macroscopic Modeling Approaches

The process description of plant transpiration and soil water uptake in macroscopic root water uptake models is often based on simplifying assumptions that no longer reflect, or even contradict, the current status of knowledge in plant biology. The sink term in the Richards equation for root water uptake generally comprises four terms: (i) a root resistance function, (ii) a soil resistance function, (iii) a stress function, and (iv) a compensation function. Here we propose to use a detailed three‐dimensional model, which integrates current knowledge of soil and root water flow equations, to deduct a one‐dimensional effective behavior at the plant scale and to propose improvements for the four functions used in the macroscopic sink term. We show that (i) root hydraulic resistance may be well defined by the root length density but only for homogeneous lateral conductances and no limiting xylem conductance—in other cases a new function depending on the root hydraulic architecture should be used; (ii) soil resistance cannot be neglected, in particular in the rhizosphere where specific processes may occur that alter the soil hydraulic properties and therefore affect uptake; (iii) stress and compensation are two different processes, which should not be linked explicitly; (iv) there is a need for a clear definition of compensatory root water uptake independent of water stress; (v) stress functions should be defined as a maximal actual transpiration in function of an integrated root–soil interface water head rather than in terms of local bulk water heads; and (vi) nonlinearity in the stress function is expected to arise if root hydraulic resistances depend on soil matric head or when it is defined as a function of the bulk soil water head.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in Lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to preserve meat, dairy products and fermented or raw vegetables against food-borne human pathogens. Besides, they have potential as biological control agents of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The success of LAB in preventing the growth and activity of undesirable microorganisms is due to different mechanisms of action including the production of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins of LAB are antimicrobial peptides that have attracted much interest in recent years because of their suitability as food preservatives or plant bio pesticides. One of the prospects on the use of bacteriocins is the possibility of increasing its activity. The synthesis of bacteriocins is controlled by complex regulatory systems, therefore it is of great interest to study the factors affecting the expression of bacteriocin biosynthetic genes.&#13;\nThe aim of this study was to set up a technique select the reference genes to evaluate the expression levels of some selected LAB bacteriocin genes using a biomolecular approach based on reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Specifically, the bacteriocins selected for the quantification were nisin synthesized by Lactococcus lactis and mesentericin by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. RTqPCR technique allows quantifying the transcript levels of target genes in order to study the influence of environmental conditions in the synthesis of genes. Hence, to set up the technique a reference gene (internal control gene) for the normalization of gene expression values should be selected

Topic: Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation of Strategic Opportunities and Resulting Business Models for SMEs

This chapter focuses on ubiquitous sensing devices, enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies, that cut across every area of modern day living, affecting individuals and businesses and offering the ability to measure and understand environmental indicators. The proliferation of these devices in a communicating-actuating network creates the internet of things (IoT). The IoT provides the tools to establish a major global data-driven ecosystem with its emphasis on Big Data. Currently, business models may focus on the provision of services, i.e., the internet of services (IoS). These models assume the presence and development of the necessary IoT measurement and control instruments, communications infrastructure, and easy access to the data collected and information generated. Different business models may support creating revenue and value for different types of customers. This chapter contributes to the literature by considering, innovatively, knowledge-based management practices, strategic opportunities and resulting business models for third-party data analysis services.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Linking BIM to Power BI and HoloLens 2 to Support Facility Management: A Case Study Approach

Facility lifecycle data captured in BIM during design and construction are very valuable for effective facility operations and maintenance. Traditionally, model authoring and analysis tools have been used to search and query model information. These tools are not well designed to search and display needed data and they require a steep learning curve. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Power BI dashboards to facilitate easy access and display of lifecycle data embedded in the model. The implementation and use of dashboards for facility management are discussed using a case study. The effectiveness and usability of the dashboards are validated using a focus group of six industry experts that were first interviewed then asked to complete a questionnaire. Feedback from interviews indicated that customized dashboards are effective tools to view, analyze and draw insights on data from various sources and can improve facility operations and management. Numerical results from the PSSUQ using fourteen questions indicated positive responses overall with an average score of four or five from the majority of respondents. Finally, the authors tested integration of the Power BI dashboards with the HoloLens 2 to deliver relevant up-to-date facility lifecycle data in near real-time to field staff.

Topic: BIM and Construction Integration
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Case report: spontaneous splenic rupture during acute parasitemia of Babesia microti.

Babesia is a malaria-like protozoan parasite spread by Ixodes ticks primarily from the white-footed deer mouse to humans. Typically it causes subclinical disease, but occasionally causes acute febrile disease with hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture of a 56-yr-old man with acute Babesia microti infection.

Topic: Abdominal Trauma and Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Star Bodies with Completely Symmetric Sections

Abstract We say that a star body $K$ is completely symmetric if it has centroid at the origin and its symmetry group $G$ forces any ellipsoid whose symmetry group contains $G$, to be a ball. In this short note, we prove that if all central sections of a star body $L$ are completely symmetric, then $L$ has to be a ball. A special case of our result states that if all sections of $L$ are origin symmetric and 1-symmetric, then $L$ has to be a Euclidean ball. This answers a question from [12]. Our result is a consequence of a general theorem that we establish, stating that if the restrictions to almost all equators of a real function $f$ defined on the sphere, are isotropic functions, then $f$ is constant a.e. In the last section of this note, applications, improvements, and related open problems are discussed, and two additional open questions from [11] and [12] are answered.

Topic: Point processes and geometric inequalities
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
AC Susceptibility of Superconducting La-Sr-Cu-O System

The complex susceptibility χ'- i χ'' of the superconducting La 1.8 -Sr 0.2 -Cu 1 -O 4 was measured. The complete Meissner effect of the whole volume was observed below 20 K, though the transition temperature of the resistance was 36 K (at the midpoint). Both χ' and χ'' are found to be very sensitive to the magnitude of the a.c. magnetic field. The measurements were made on several specimens prepared in different conditions. From these measurements it was concluded that the boundary and the surface of grains play an important role in the superconductivity in this system.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corrosion of copper plates in presence of phosphoric acid‐formaldehyde mixtures

The rate of copper dissolution in presence of phosphoric acid‐formaldehyde mixtures were studied by measuring the limiting current which represents the rate of electropolishing. It is found that the rate of dissolution is decreased by increasing H3PO4 concentration, electrode height and mole fraction of formaldehyde. It is found that the decrease in the rate of dissolution ranges from 24 per cent to 63.88 per cent depends on the mole fraction of formaldehyde. The thermodynamic parameter ΔH* ΔG* ΔS* was calculated.

Topic: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Light fermionic NNLO QCD corrections to top-antitop production in the quark-antiquark channel

We present the NNLO corrections to top pair production in the quark-antiquark channel proportional to the number of light quark flavors N l . While the double real corrections were derived previously, here we compute the real-virtual and virtual-virtual contributions in this partonic channel. Using the antenna subtraction formalism, we show that the subtraction terms correctly approximate the real-virtual contributions in all their infrared limits. Combined with the integrated forms of the double real and real-virtual subtraction terms, we show analytically that the explicit infrared poles cancel at the real-virtual and virtual-virtual levels respectively, thereby demonstrating the validity of the massive extension of the NNLO antenna formalism. These NNLO corrections are implemented in a Monte Carlo parton level generator providing full kinematical information on an event-by event basis. With this program, NNLO differential distributions in the form of binned histograms are obtained and presented here.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Frege's Theory of Judgement.

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Frege’s Theory of Judgement. By David Bell. (Oxford: Clarendon Press: O.U.P. 1979. Pp. xii+166. Price £8.50) Peter Long Peter Long Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 30, Issue 120, July 1980, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219252 Published: 01 July 1980

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Variation in Chemical Composition of Swedish Oats

Abstract The chemical composition of 121 samples of oats grown in Sweden was investigated. On average, the grains contained 46.2% starch, 32.3% total fibre, 11.6% crude protein, 5.7% crude fat, 3.0% ash and small amounts of free glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructans. The mean values of the free sugars showed the highest coefficients of variation and that of starch the lowest. The range of variation of the main constituents was 17.7%-units for total fibre, 15.9%-units for starch and 7.4%-units for crude protein. Highly significant (p< 0.001) negative coefficients of regression were obtained of total fibre (-0.75), crude protein (-0.19) and ash (-0.04) on starch. Further analysis of fibre constituents in 16 samples with widely differing starch contents revealed a close relationship between total fibre, calculated by difference, and dietary fibre, analysed as non-starch polysaccharides and Klason lignin. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, ß-glucans and Klason lignin were the major components of the dietary fibe. Xylose residues showed the highest variation in mean value. Significant correlations were obtained between all pairs of combinations of dietary fibre, arabinoxylans, cellulose, crude fibre and thousand kernel weight, while no significant correlations were found between ß-glucans or Klason lignin and any of the other fibre variables determined. Key Words: oatschemical compositioncarbohydratesdietary fibres

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences