jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for Endoscopic Procedures in Covid-19 Pandemic

The corona pandemic has affected the health system of whole world In India, this potentially long winding pandemic is overwhelming the capacity of outpatient and inpatient facilities, emergency as well as high dependency units of hospitals lead to severe shortage of resources, beds and staff This has resulted in compromise in patient safety and outcomes Endoscopic procedures have diagnostic as well as therapeutic importance and can aid in settling down acute illness following which definitive surgery can be planned later Being aerosol generating procedures (AGPs), safe practices need to be adopted at both institutional and personal level There is tremendous impact on health care settings due to the COVID-19 situation in a very short span of time In this COVID-19 pandemic scenario, while performing flexible endoscopic procedures Elective endoscopies should be stopped Flexible endoscopic and therapeutic interventions to be done only when absolutely necessary emergency and urgent cases Proper PPE kits and N95 masks should be provided to all involved personnel in every endoscopic procedure All patients undergoing emergency procedures should be considered Covid-19 positive and treated accordingly with every precaution to avoid infection transmission Comprehensive and well-designed written-informed consent with inclusion of all necessary information of the Covid-19 situation should be taken from the patient and relative before all endoscopies Urgent and Emergency endoscopic procedures must preferably be done under GA with very careful endotracheal intubation High level of disinfection is required in endoscopies and the accessories used should either be disposable or thoroughly sterilized if reusable As the fight against COVID-19 pandemic seems to be long-lasting we have to learn to live with it, prioritise resources and facilities keeping in mind patient needs in endoscopy departments Protocols need to be introduced to encourage new best practises in the Endoscopy Department to ensure successful preventive measures against COVID-19 infection This article addresses best practices to be followed and our experience of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Topic: COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Relationship of Histamine Content in European Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) with Freshness, Temperature, and Storage Duration

Histamine food poisoning, stemming from the consumption of certain histamine-rich fish species, such as tuna, mackerel, European pilchards, and herring, is one of the major public health issues worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the histamine content in fresh European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) of Mehdia, a coastal city in the north of Morocco. Three randomly selected batches of fresh European pilchards, each weighing 20kg, were obtained from different boats upon landing. The evolution of histamine production was monitored every 8 hours for 6 days, with one batch stored at 0°C and the other at 10°C. The organoleptic characteristics were examined considering sensory evaluation according to the rating system of European Council Regulation No. 2406/96 as common marketing standards for certain fishery products and the quality index method (QIM). The histamine content in European pilchard flesh was determined using the fluorometric method. The results indicated that the average histamine content did not exceed 5 ppm during storage at 0°C. The freshness ratings were highest during the first 3 days, corresponding to QIM values of 0 to 10 at 0°C. On days 4 and 5, the freshness ratings were on quality A, corresponding to QIM values of 11 and 12, and on the last day, they were on quality B, corresponding to a QIM value of 15 with preservation of the organoleptic quality. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between the European pilchard’s freshness and the storage duration. In contrast, this correlation between the histamine content and the storage duration was insignificant. At 10°C, the average histamine content exceeded the regulatory limit in force (100 ppm) after 32 hours of storage, and spoilage occurred on day 3. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between the histamine content, storage temperature, the degree of freshness, and the duration of storage. The extra freshness quality index of European pilchard guarantees a very large margin of safety regarding histamine and can be consumed without risk. Keywords: Degree freshness, European pilchard, Histamine, Sardine, Storage, Temperature

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Paper Chromatography in the Separation of Estradiol-17α from Estradiol-17β and of Equilin from Equilenin

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPaper Chromatography in the Separation of Estradiol-17α from Estradiol-17β and of Equilin from EquileninErich HeftmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 851–852Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Salt Creek Township, David County, Iowa

In reeent years tliere has grown up a varianee of recollection and of opinion as to the precise location of the grave in which were deposited the remains of the famous Sauk, Black Hawk.No one in Iowa, we believe, disputes the faet that his death and burial took plaee in the extreme northeast corner of Davis County.All students of early Iowa history are aware of the identity and eharaeter of Willard Barrows.All who are familiar with the original notes and plats of the land survey of eastern Iowa arc familiar witli Mr. Barrows' work as a deputy .surveyor.Those familiar with the land surve_v of Davis County are aware of the existenee of notes and plat of Township 70 North, Range 12 Westj now Salt Creek Township, Davis County, the work of Willard Barrows, done in October, 18Í3.With respeet to the loeation of the grave of Blaek Hawk and of other sites of liistorieiil interest in that vieinity we present a reduced facsimile of Barrow.s'plat of that township.Going with the plat Barrows' notes, whieh are pertinent to these historic sites, arc as follows :Township No 70 N of Range No 13 W ¡n the Territory of Iowa.Commeneed Oct 17th 1843 Completed Do-30th-By W. Barrowa Surveyor North Between Sees 1 & 2 15.00 Leave Timber & Enter prairie 40.00 Set V4 Sec.post post in Mound pit 6 I.ks.East 73.20 Intersected N Boundary 200 Lks East of Cor.& set post post in Mound pit B Lks.South Land flrst Rate

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Imaging of head trauma

Cross-sectional imaging is necessary in the form of Computerized Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT remains the mainstay for initial assessment as it is widely available, fast and is very good for assessing soft tissue and bony injury, facilitating any emergent or urgent neurosurgical intervention. Choice of window levels and window widths is key to interpretation as these alter the contrast between tissues. MRI utilises a different principle in image acquisition. Hydrogen, being present in water molecules and hence in all body tissues, behaves like micro-compass with a single proton. Radiofrequency pulses are deployed to disrupt the alignment of these micro-compasses. The time course of a haematoma is not absolute and can vary slightly with individuals, local environment and size of haematoma. MRI signal of blood products is highly complex as blood products evolve, each stage of evolution is reflected in the alteration of signal intensity, which also differs with the different imaging sequences.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik EM-4 (Evective Mikroorganism-4) Dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Gurame (Osprhronemus gouramy)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of probiotic EM4 (Evective Microorganism-4) in feed to growth and gouramy ointment (Osprhronemus gouramy) at the Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center in Gorontalo Province. The method of this research is experimental method and data processing using completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments 3 replicates. The treatment is done with different doses which in treatment A (Without Probiotic), B ( probiotic 1 cc), C (probiotic 2 cc), D (probiotic 3 cc). The parameters observed were growth rate, Feed Conversion (KP). Feed Efficiency (EP), and Absolute Length (PM). The data were tested continued using the LSD test (Least Significance Different). The results showed that the effect of giving EM4 probiotic with different dose to the growth rate of gouramy fish (Osprhronemus gouramy) gave a very real effect, and from the four research results it was found that treatment D with 3 cc dose was the highest value, followed by C 2 treatment cc, treatment B with a dose of 1 cc and the lowest is in treatment A (Control). Keywords : Probiotic EM-4, gouramy (Osprhronemus gouramy), Growth.

Topic: Aquatic life and conservation
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON DRYING CHARACTERISTIC AND QUALITY OF WHEAT

ABSTRACT Wheat, pretreated by 60 Co gamma irradiation, was dried by hot air with irradiation dosage 0–3 kGy, drying temperature 40–60C, and initial moisture contents 19–25% (d.b.). The drying time, average dehydration rate, wet gluten content (WGC), moisture content of wet gluten (MCWG) and titratable acidity (TA) were evaluated based on a quadratic rotation‐orthogonal composite experimental design with three variables (at five levels). The drying time, average dehydration rate, WGC, MCWG and TA were sensitive to irradiation dosage, drying temperature and initial moisture content. Irradiation dosage is the most dominating factor on the quality of wheat flour (WGC, MCWG and TA); drying temperature is the most dominating factor on drying characteristics (drying time and average dehydration rate). Irradiation dosage had a significant effect on drying time, WGC, MCWG, average dehydration rate and TA. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Gamma irradiation had been employed to decontaminate and to extend the shelf life of food and has been widely used for agricultural products for long‐period storage. The previous studies emphasize particularly on that dried samples were irradiated by gamma irradiation after drying. However, no information has been available on effect of gamma irradiation on drying characteristics and quality of wheat. The results of this study will show irradiation dosage had a significant effect on drying time, average dehydration rate, wet gluten content, moisture content of wet gluten and titratable acidity. This implies that as a pretreatment before drying may be a method to apply for not only increasing the dehydration rate, but also changing the quality of wheat.

Topic: Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Analysis of Effect of Tuning Parameters on The Performance of Diversity-Driven Multi-Parent Evolutionary Algorithm

In order to find a global optimal solution to real-world optimization issues, an algorithm that efficiently explores the search space is required. The DDMPEA is a newly developed algorithm that uses selection, crossover, and mutation to perform search operations. The search performance of this algorithm is depending upon the tuning parameters involves in this technique. There are four parameters in this algorithm which are required to tune to obtain better solutions. In this work, sixteen cases are developed which are tested on eight classical benchmark functions. The performance of proposed algorithm is tested and performance is obtained in terms of average, median, standard deviation, best and worst values. The results suggest better values of tuning parameters on which this algorithm gives global optimum solutions.

Topic: Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cigarette smoking induced liver insult concomitant with inflammatory mediators in serum crevicular fluid and bronchio alveolar lavage of schistosomal diabetic subjects with history of bronchial asthma.

Forty five smokers were classified into schistosomal cases with type-2 diabetis mellitus (GI) and with associated history of bronchial asthma (GII) and without T-2 DM (GIII). A control group (GIV) of non-diabetic non schistosomal age matched subjects who quitted smoking for >6 months were included. Assessed parameters included indices of glycemic status (glycated hemoglobin), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor) hepatic and bronchoalveolar disposition (Liver function test, metallothionein, serum levels of cotinine, cadmium selenium, copper & zinc) and bronchoalveolar lavage) (BAL) levels of surfactant proteins A & D, zinc and copper oxidative stress and fibrogenesis (total antioxidant capacity thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and vasculopathy (angiotensin converting enzyme, P-selectin, nitrate) and periodontitis (collagenase and elastase in GCF) impact of cigarette smoking associated with trace element disbalance and enzymatic changes in crevicular fluid on altered parameters collaborative out-come. The study reflected the collaborative outcome of immune mediated mechanisms initiated by liver affection, glycemic status and history of predisposed bronchial integrity induced by oxidative stress.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Self-prescribing of noncontrolled substances among pharmacists

Journal Article Self-prescribing of noncontrolled substances among pharmacists Get access Ebrahim A. Balbisi, Pharm.D., Ebrahim A. Balbisi, Pharm.D. Assistant Clinical Professors of Clinical Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY Address correspondence to Dr. Balbisi at the School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439 (balbisie@stjohns.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Emily M. Ambizas, Pharm.D. Emily M. Ambizas, Pharm.D. Assistant Clinical Professors of Clinical Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 62, Issue 23, 1 December 2005, Pages 2508–2511, https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp050007 Published: 01 December 2005

Topic: Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Glycopeptidyl-Glutamate Epimerase for Bacterial Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis

d-Glutamate (Glu) supplied by Glu racemases or d-amino acid transaminase is utilized for peptidoglycan biosynthesis in microorganisms. Comparative genomics has shown that some microorganisms, including Xanthomonas oryzae, perhaps have no orthologues of these genes. We performed shotgun cloning experiments with a d-Glu auxotrophic Escherichia coli mutant as the host and X. oryzae as the DNA donor. We obtained complementary genes, XOO_1319 and XOO_1320, which are annotated as a hypothetical protein and MurD (UDP-MurNAc-l-Ala-d-Glu synthetase), respectively. By detailed in vitro analysis, we revealed that XOO_1320 is an enzyme to ligate l-Glu to UDP-MurNAc-l-Ala, providing the first example of MurD utilizing l-Glu, and that XOO_1319 is a novel enzyme catalyzing epimerization of the terminal l-Glu of the product in the presence of ATP and Mg<sup>2+</sup>. We investigated the occurrence of XOO_1319 orthologues and found that it exists in some categories of microorganisms, including pathogenic ones.

Topic: Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Principes d'un index des ruses

C. Bremond — Principles for an Index of Ruses. This article takes D. Paulme's typology (above, pp. 569-600) one degree deeper by attempting a formai analysis and classification of the trickster's stratagemes. These are considered as means towards ends, which differentiates the method from the Motif Index of Aarne &amp; Thompson without contradicting it. The indexing code consists of a digital numeric group referring to the end of the ruse and a literal group referring to the means, the global code group representing the syntagmatic structure of the tale.

Topic: Historical and Literary Analyses
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Study on the Method of Animal Welfare Guarantee in KM Mice Cesarean Section

Objective To discuss the assessment program of laboratory animal welfare in cesarean section.Methods Statistical technique is used to count up data in the number,surviving rate after 10 days,weight and weaning rate in two methods.Results In Cesarean section,the weight,surviving rate and weaning rate in group B are higher than group A.Conclusion Application of laboratory animal welfare in cesarean Section can raise weight,surviving rate and weaning rate.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials for Building Envelopes: A Systematic Review of Thermal Performance and Applications

Abstract In response to mounting regulatory pressures for energy-efficient buildings, this paper presents a systematic literature review of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) tailored for building envelope applications. A total of 99 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were identified through structured searches in Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect, following PRISMA guidelines for transparent study selection and data extraction. Key findings reveal that metal-oxide nanoparticles (CuO, Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 ) typically enhance thermal conductivity by 15–60 % at 1–5 wt% loadings, while carbon-based additives (graphene, expanded graphite, MWCNTs) can deliver up to 400 % conductivity improvements at low concentrations (0.5–5 wt%). However, increases in conductive fillers often incur a 3–15 % reduction in latent heat, underscoring the need for balance in composite design. Two-step process of mechanical stirring (500–1000 rpm) followed by ultrasonication (20–40 kHz) has emerged as the dominant dispersion approach that is critical for achieving stable, homogenous NePCMs, yet detailed reporting of processing conditions remains inconsistent. Two primary knowledge gaps were identified: (1) the absence of consensus on optimal nanoparticle type, concentration and dispersion method for building-specific PCM applications and (2) insufficient standardization and documentation of synthesis parameters that hinders reproducibility. To address these gaps, this study recommends future side-by-side experimental comparisons under unified protocols, integrated optimization of concentration and dispersion, rigorous method reporting and scaled-up validation in real building contexts. By implementing these recommendations, it would be possible to accelerate the development of reliable, high-performance NePCMs for next-generation energy-efficient structures.

Topic: Phase Change Materials Research
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stock Structure of Rainbow Smelt in Western Lake Superior:Population Characteristics

Significant differences in length-frequency distributions, fecundity, and growth of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax were found among collections from three zones along the Minnesota shoreline of Lake Superior. These differences were consistent with genetic evidence suggesting three discrete stocks of rainbow smelt. Geographic separation, possibly in combination with predation, may have been responsible for the isolation of stocks to the extent that local adaptations resulted in the observed differences. Although statistically significant, the actual differences in traditional population characters appeared small, potentially a result of weak or recently applied selective pressures. Future changes in predatory or competitive pressures or changes in exploitation rates may alter selective pressures and thus may have important influences on dynamics and condition of rainbow smelt stocks in Lake Superior. Received August 30, 1983 Accepted August 24, 1984

Topic: Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Health Equity and the Allocation of COVID-19 Provider Relief Funds

Health Equity and the Allocation of COVID-19 Provider Relief Funds Colleen M. Grogan PhD, Yu-An Lin PhD, and Michael K. Gusmano PhD Affiliation Colleen M. Grogan is with the Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Yu-An Lin is with the Department of Social Work, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Michael K. Gusmano is with the Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway Township, NJ, and The Hastings Center, Garrison, NY.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to Colleen M. Grogan, Professor, The Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, 969 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 (e-mail: cgrogan@uchicago.edu). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link.CONTRIBUTORSC. M. Grogan led the writing. Y-A. Lin led the data programming, organization, and analysis. All of the authors contributed equally to idea development, data interpretation, and editing the final version of the editorial. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306127 Accepted: December 13, 2020 Published Online: March 10, 2021

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences