jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Study of functional connectivity during anesthesia based on sparse partial least squares].

Anesthesia consciousness monitoring is an important issue in basic neuroscience and clinical applications, which has received extensive attention. In this study, in order to find the indicators for monitoring the state of clinical anesthesia, a total of 14 patients undergoing general anesthesia were collected for 5 minutes resting electroencephalogram data under three states of consciousness (awake, moderate and deep anesthesia). Sparse partial least squares (SPLS) and traditional synchronized likelihood (SL) are used to calculate brain functional connectivity, and the three conscious states before and after anesthesia were distinguished by the connection features. The results show that through the whole brain network analysis, SPLS and traditional SL method have the same trend of network parameters in different states of consciousness, and the results obtained by SPLS method are statistically significant ( <i>P</i><0.05). The connection features obtained by the SPLS method are classified by the support vector machine, and the classification accuracy is 87.93%, which is 7.69% higher than that of the connection feature classification obtained by SL method. The results of this study show that the functional connectivity based on the SPLS method has better performance in distinguishing three kinds of consciousness states, and may provides a new idea for clinical anesthesia monitoring.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional development of the visual system in normal and protein‐deprived rats. VIM. Post‐natal development of optic nerve axons

Protein deprivation results in a persistent impairment of transmission of impulses from the specific cortical projection within the visual cortex. In order to evaluate changes in subcortical structures during pre‐weaning development, a study was made on number, calibre and myelination of optic nerve axons in control (C) and protein‐deprived (PD) rats 5, 12, 20 and 30 days of age. Protein deprivation was induced by giving rat mothers a diet containing 7% protein by weight (control diet 14%, during gestation and lactation. The cross‐sectional area of the nerve was measured on a digitizer. Between 3000 and 4000 axons collected from 7–13 field areas sampled by a random, systematic procedure from a cross‐shaped area of the nerve were counted and measured. Between 5 and 12 days after birth, the number of axons was reduced by 50% in C rats. The total number of optic nerve axons was not significantly different in PD compared to C rats, indicating that protein deprivation does not affect the formation or naturally occurring nerve cell death of retinal ganglion cells. At all ages examined there were significant reductions in the number of axons larger than 0.52μm as well as the number of myelinated axons. The rates of growth/maturation and myelination of axons in C rats and PD rats suggested that the reductions seen in PD rats up to 20 days of age may represent a developmental delay of approximately 4 days. At 30 days, a delay or a distortion of development may be present. The retarded development of optic nerve axons is discussed in relation to delays, distortions and deficits during visual system maturation in protein‐deprived rats.

Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation Versus Traditional Treatment on Harris Hip Score in Cases of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head After Kidney Transplantation

Purpose: Usually, about 25% of the patients treated with corticosteroids after kidney transplantation suffer from the complication of Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. This study aims to compare the effect of Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation (NMES) and traditional treatment (infrared and decrease weight-bearing) on Harris hip score. Methods: Twenty patients who developed AVN of the femoral head after kidney transplantation were divided into two groups. The first group was treated by NMES and stretching and strengthening exercises 3 sessions a week for 3 months. The second group was treated by Traditional Treatment (TT) and stretching and strengthening exercises 3 sessions a week for 3 months. Results: Harris hip score component was measured before the intervention and then three months after the intervention using the t-test. After the intervention, significant differences were found between both groups in pain, support, distance walked, limping, putting on shoes and socks, climbing stairs, sitting, flexion (all P<0.001), external rotation (P=0.014), abduction (P=0.030), adduction (P<0.001), public transportation (P=0.010), and total hip score (P<0.001). Conclusion: TT exercises accompanied by NMES were more effective than TT alone for AVN of femoral head patients and could stop the progressive worsening of hip joint mobility.

Topic: Bone and Joint Diseases
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
AZERBAYCAN BESTECİLERİNİN ESERLERİNDE VİYOLONSELİN YERİ

Bu araştırmada, Azerbaycan bestecilerinin eserlerinde yaratıcılığın sadece Azerbaycan sınırlarında değil, O&amp;#039;nun sınırlarından uzaklarda da yapıldığı, yabancı araştırmacıların araştırma objesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Azerbaycan müziğinde viyolonsel alanında yazılan ilk besteler, ilk Profesyonel Besteci Asaf Zeynallı tarafından 1920-1930 yılları arasında yazılmıştır. Bu eserlerin başında “Koyunlar”, “Mugamsayağı” ve “Ninni” gelmektedir. Azerbaycan bestecileri yazdıkları eserlerin temaları üzerinde viyolonsel için de eserler bestelemişlerdir. Bu besteciler; Süleyman Aleskerov, Fikret Amirov, Sabir ALiyev, Musa Mirzoyev, Tofik Bakihanov, Vasıf Adıgözelov, Firengiz Alizade ve Oktay Zülfigarov’dur. Sonuç olarak bu araştırmada, Azerbaycan bestecilerinin eserlerinde viyolonselin yerinin anlaşılabilmesi ve Azerbaycan bestecilerine ait eserlerin tarihçesinin doğru algılanabilmesi için yapılabilecekler incelenmiştir

Topic: Music Education and Analysis
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Morphologic mutant of Escherichia coli K12 having disorders in morphology, division and cell wall biosynthesis].

A study was made of the properties of a spherical mutant obtained from the E. coli K12 HfrC strain under the effect of N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea. The growth of the mutant of full value media was characterized by a marked reduction of the cell division at the rest phase, but exponential growth phase failed to differ from the growth of the parental strain. Electron microscopic study of surface structures of the mutant cells which grew under physiological conditions permitted to distinguish two types: the first type had a typical structure of the cell wall characteristic of Gram negative microbes; the second type was framed by a bicontour membrane without any distinct structure. The presence of these two types of cells was also confirmed by their different sensitivity to the ionic detergents. On the basis of chemical analysis of peptidoglycan of the cell wall (which was markedly decreased in amount in the mutant cells), and also of the unsually high accumlation of the UDP-precursors of peptidoglycan under conditions of penicillin action it is supposed that normal regulation of metabolism of the cell walls was deranged. Mutation designated by 11rA symbol was plotted by phase PI transduction alongside of strA gene.

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Dronedarone Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Polymyxin B and Inhibits the Quorum Sensing System by Interacting with LuxS

Quorum sensing (QS) is considered an appealing target for interference with bacterial infections. β-Adrenergic blockers are promising anti-QS agents but do not have antibacterial activity. We assessed the potential ability of adrenergic receptor inhibitors to enhance the antibacterial activity of polymyxin B (PB) against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and determined that dronedarone has the most potent activity both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. We found that dronedarone increases the thermal stability of LuxS, decreases the production of AI-2, and affects the biofilm formation of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. We also identified the direct binding of dronedarone to LuxS. However, the mechanism by which dronedarone enhances the antibacterial activity of PB has not been elucidated and is worthy of further exploration. Our study provides a basis for the future development of drug combination regimens.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Performance Improvement of Gas Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators Using Integrated Level and Pressure Control Systems

The performance of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©) separators for two-phase flow metering loop can be improved by eliminating liquid overflow into the gas leg or gas blow-out through the liquid leg, utilizing suitable integrated control systems. In this study, a new integrated control system has been developed for the GLCC, in which the control is achieved by a liquid control valve in the liquid discharge line and a gas control valve in the gas discharge line. Simulation studies demonstrate that the integrated level and pressure control system is highly desirable for slugging conditions. This strategy will enable the GLCC to operate at constant pressure so as not to restrict well flow and simultaneously prevent liquid carry-over and gas carry-under. Detailed experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the improvement in the GLCC operational envelope for liquid carry-over with the integrated level and pressure control system. The results demonstrate that the GLCC equipped with integrated control system is capable of controlling the liquid level and GLCC pressure for a wide range of flow conditions. The experimental results also show that the operational envelope for liquid carry-over is improved twofold at higher liquid flow rate region and higher gas flow rate region. GLCC performance is also evaluated by measuring the operational envelope for onset of gas carry-under. [S0195-0738(00)00804-9]

Topic: Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Overcoming the Bulk Funding Blockage: The Ministerial Reference Group on School Staffing

The report of the Ministerial Reference Group on school staffing, while ostensibly addressing the mechanism by which the supply of teachers to schools is calculated, has greater significance for schools. Its recommendations appear to be related to neo-liberal theories of the state. Not only do they provide another opportunity for schools to choose to be bulk funded for teacher salaries, but they also introduce competition between schools by reducing staffing levels in smaller schools, and by providing capped contestable pools of funds for which schools must compete. The article explores the implications of these developments for the national collective contracts of teachers.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract (KGC05P0) on Regulating Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin and Blood Glucose Level in Hyperinsulinemia Type 2 Diabetic Mice

본 연구에서는 홍삼 비사포닌 분획 추출물(KGC05P0)이 인슐린 민감성 향상과 아디포넥틴의 연관성 및 그에 따른 혈당변화에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 고인슐린혈증 및 제2형 당뇨 동물모델에서 간조직의 인슐린 민감도 활성 단백질, 혈중 포도당 수치, 혈중 인슐린 수치, 혈중 아디포넥틴 수치의 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 인슐린 민감성을 향상시키는 단백질 발현 증가와 혈중 아디포넥틴 수치 증가 및 공복혈당, 인슐린 농도를 감소시켜 고인슐린혈증 억제 및 항당뇨 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 KGC05P0은 양성대조군인 metformin과 유사한 수준으로 지표들을 개선하여 metformin이 나타낼 수 있는 lactic acidosis와 같은 부작용이 없고 건강한 혈당 유지에 도움을 주는 소재로 사용가능성을 시사하였다. 따라서 KGC05P0는 고인슐린혈증의 제2형 당뇨병 모델에서 간기능의 향상과 함께 인슐린 민감성과 관련된 지표들의 활성화를 통해 혈당 조절에 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.

Topic: Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of cattle caused by maize sprouts infested with Aspergillus clavatus.

An outbreak of disease affecting a herd of 16 dairy cattle which were fed mouldy, sprouted maize is described. Eight of the cattle were affected, 5 of which died. The clinical signs included muscular tremors, hypersensitivity, ataxia, anorexia and salivation. Aspergillus clavatus was the only fungus isolated from the sprouts. Clinical signs that were indistinguishable from those in the field outbreak were reproduced by dosing the mouldy maize sprouts to a steer and a sheep, and by dosing another sheep with maize inoculated with a pure culture of A. clavatus isolated from the mouldy maize on the farm. Light microscopical examination revealed neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and spinal cord of all 3 of these animals. The disease is clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from the disease caused by the ingestion of sorghum beer residue, and in certain respects it is similar to toxicoses caused by the ingestion of wheat sprouts and malt sprouts infested with A. clavatus.

Topic: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Network weight adjustment in a fractional fourier transform based multi-channel brain computer interface for person authentication

Brain is composed of unique complex neural structure thus electrical activity between neurons referred to as electroencephalogram (EEG) in different brain regions varies from one user to another. In this paper EEG distinctiveness is exploited through application to person authentication system based on five mental imagery tasks. Seven electrodes placed at C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2 and EOG are used to record EEG signals. A parallel structure of Exact Radial Basis (RBE) neural networks are used as classifiers. Individual classifier response for each mental task is evaluated and a weighting approach is used to regulate contribution of each channel within a multi-channel Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system. The estimated and experimental results indicate an average increase of 14% in system performance when tested on 722 trials of 1sec duration for 7 subjects. Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) with order optimization is used for feature extraction, and special one dimensional case of k-means clustering algorithm is used to calculate the threshold for individual classifiers.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI and smoking status before and after prostate cancer diagnosis in the ProtecT trial: Opportunities for lifestyle modification

Associations between certain lifestyle characteristics and prostate cancer risk have been reported, and continuation post-diagnosis can adversely affect prognosis. We explored whether men make spontaneous changes to their physical activity and alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status, following a diagnosis of localised prostate cancer. A detailed diet, health and lifestyle questionnaire was completed by 511 participants within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomised controlled trial, both before and 9 months after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Of 177 men who were insufficiently active before their diagnosis (median 0 activity units/week; IQR 0-9), 40.7% had increased their activity by a median of 22 U week(-1) (IQR 15-35) 9 months later, and there was weak evidence that men were more active after diagnosis than before (p = 0.07). Men categorised as "working" occupational social class and who were insufficiently active before diagnosis were 2.03 (95%, CI = 1.03-3.99, p = 0.04) times more likely to have increased their physical activity levels compared to men classified as "managerial or professional." Similarly, men who were insufficiently active pre-diagnosis and with T-stage 2 compared with T-stage 1 prostate cancer were 2.47 (95%, CI = 1.29-4.71, p = 0.006) times more likely to be sufficiently active post-diagnosis. Following diagnosis, there was an overall reduction in alcohol intake (p = 0.03) and the proportion of current smokers (p = 0.09), but no overall change in BMI. We conclude that some men spontaneously change certain lifestyle behaviours on receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer. For many men, however, additional support through lifestyle interventions is probably required to facilitate and maintain these changes.

Topic: Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination

In applications ranging from image search to recommendation systems, the problem of identifying a set of "similar" real-valued vectors to a query vector plays a critical role. However, retrieving these vectors and computing the corresponding similarity scores from a large database is computationally challenging. Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search relaxes the guarantee of exactness for efficiency by vector compression and/or by only searching a subset of database vectors for each query. Searching a larger subset increases both accuracy and latency. State-of-the-art ANN approaches use fixed configurations that apply the same termination condition (the size of subset to search) for all queries, which leads to undesirably high latency when trying to achieve the last few percents of accuracy. We find that due to the index structures and the vector distributions, the number of database vectors that must be searched to find the ground-truth nearest neighbor varies widely among queries. Critically, we further identify that the intermediate search result after a certain amount of search is an important runtime feature that indicates how much more search should be performed. To achieve a better tradeoff between latency and accuracy, we propose a novel approach that adaptively determines search termination conditions for individual queries. To do so, we build and train gradient boosting decision tree models to learn and predict when to stop searching for a certain query. These models enable us to achieve the same accuracy with less total amount of search compared to the fixed configurations. We apply the learned adaptive early termination to state-of-the-art ANN approaches, and evaluate the end-to-end performance on three million to billion-scale datasets. Compared with fixed configurations, our approach consistently improves the average end-to-end latency by up to 7.1 times faster under the same high accuracy targets. Our approach is open source at github.com/efficient/faiss-learned-termination.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of a phytogenic feed additive on morphological and biochemical parameters the blood of the Edilbaev sheep

This article discusses the results of the effect of a phytogenic feed additive on hematological blood parameters of Edilbaev sheep. It was found out that the use of a phytogenic feed additive had a positive effecton the intensity of the growth of sheepdue to the activation of redoxprocessesin the body and increased protein metabolism,which in turn leads to an improvement in the productive and fattening qualities of young animals. The greatest effect from the use of the studied feed additive was observed in the group of animals, where its concentration was 15 grams per head per day.

Topic: Agriculture and Biological Studies
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A New Standardized Clinical Model for Evaluation of Nerve Guides: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Prospective Study

Background: Autologous nerve transplantation is the accepted clinical standard for reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects. Bioengineered nerve guides as an alternative to autologous nerve transplantation have been described in previous studies and several different types are commercially available. Examination of the implementation of these devices in the clinical setting is an important step in determining their applicability in reconstructive nerve surgery. Methods: In a single-blinded randomized controlled prospective study, the authors examined 34 patients undergoing diagnostic nerve biopsy (2 cm). The biopsy-induced nerve gap was interposed using a segment of the lesser saphenous vein in 16 patients. Eighteen patients had no nerve reconstruction and served as a control group. A further 10 participants were included as a healthy cohort. Nerve regeneration was assessed using von Frey filaments preoperatively and 1 day and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Patients who received defect bridging of the sural nerve with a venous graft showed better regeneration of lateral foot sensitivity than patients without venous graft. Conclusions: The distal sural nerve biopsy can be used as a baseline model to evaluate peripheral nerve regeneration. Newly developed nerve guides could be tested in other unpredictable and challenging clinical peripheral nerve lesions. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Depression and Experience of Incarceration in North Central Nigeria: A Situation Analysis at Makurdi Medium Security Prison

<title>Abstract</title> <bold><italic>Background:</italic></bold> Human rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates’ mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue. This study aims to document the mental health and experiences of incarceration of inmates of the largest medium security prison in Nigeria’s Benue State.<bold><italic>Methods:</italic></bold> A cross-sectional survey and descriptive analysis was carried out with a random sample of 381 prison inmates of Benue State Makurdi Medium Security Prison. Survey tools included: (1) a structured questionnaire on participants’ experiences in prison, and (2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a screening tool for depression. <bold><italic>Results:</italic></bold> Most participants were young men (95.5%, mean age 27.95) and had completed secondary school (63.5%). While prison authorities had identified only 27 participants as having a mental disorder, 144 (37.8%) screened positive for depression. Twenty six had received professional counseling while in prison. Of the six participants who were already taking a psychotropic medication at the time of imprisonment, four received medication after being imprisoned. Approximately half, (52%) of participants were dissatisfied with prison health care. <bold><italic>Conclusions:</italic></bold> <italic>Despite the high prevalence of depression among prison </italic>inmates<italic>, few cases are detected and treated. Prison staff may not recognize depression as a mental disorder, and the mental health care available is generally poor. </italic>Inadequate mental health and social care not only affects prison inmates’ well-being, but may also impact recidivism and health outcomes upon release. Prison inmates should be screened routinely for depression and other less-commonly recognized mental health conditions, and appropriate treatment made available.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences