jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antinomies of representation

This article addresses a profound anthropological issue: how do representation and the\nrepresented relate? What motivates or warrants the inevitable disconnection? It is a mistake\nto dismiss representation as misguided, oppressive, or misleading. Representation is part of\ncognition generally and natural language in particular. As such it is inescapable and part of\nhow we think and talk about the world. Moving between visual and linguistic anthropology\nI suggest that photographs and portraits provide a rich basis for thinking about the\nparticular sorts of warrants for anthropological representations. The general conclusion is\nthat anthropological representation may be conceived of as a form of ekphrasis (a verbal\naccount or evocation of a typically non-present image or object) providing the indexical\nor deictic bridge between representation and the object represented. As “similarity implies\ndifference” so “representation implies ekphrasis.”

Topic: Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
DDT-resistance status and the effects of DDT exposure in relation to the vectorial capacity of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(L.) for<i>Brugia pahangi</i>(Buckley and Edeson)

(1975). DDT-resistance status and the effects of DDT exposure in relation to the vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti(L.) for Brugia pahangi (Buckley and Edeson) Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 493-501.

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tidalsaurus Datasets and Models

This contains the datasets and pre-trained models described in Desmons et al. (2024). This work focuses on identifying galaxy tidal features using self-supervised machine learning. The dataset folder includes two Tensorflow datasets, an unlabelled dataset with ~45,000 objects "Unlabelled_ds", and a tidal feature dataset with ~400 objects "Tidal_ds". Each dataset consists of 128x128 pixel postage stamps of HSC-SSP galaxies, corresponding HSC-SSP object IDs, and galaxy attributes. Also included are two pre-trained model designed to be loaded using the tensorflow.keras.models.load_model() command. The pre-trained models include the self-supervised nearest-neighbour model "Trained_NNCLR_model" and the supervised finetuned classifier "Trained_finetuned_classifier". The details of the project, the python code, and the instructions on using the code to reproduce the results presented in the paper can be found at https://github.com/LSSTISSC/Tidalsaurus

Topic: Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Significance of the Diagnostic Q Wave of Myocardial Infarction

Correlation between the QRS complex and postmortem ventricular anatomy was made in 1184 instances of normal conduction: (1) Mechanical reliance on the sheer presence or absence of a Q wave greater than 0.03 sec in duration led to "correct" diagnosis of infarction or not in 79% of the series. (2)With normal conduction, abnormal Q waves isolated to either the anteroseptal (V l -V 4 ) or inferior (II, III, a V F ) electrocardiographic zones were frequently false (46%). However, abnormal Q waves restricted to the lateral zone (V 5 -V 6 ) or in a combination of more than one electrocardiographic zone, were rarely false predictors of the presence of infarction (4%). (3) Classical localization of infarction with normal conduction was statistically relatively reliable as compared with bundle-branch block. The increased frequency of the anatomic pattern of lateral basal infarction in association with normal QRS complexes (but known infarction) suggests relative "electrical silence" of the laterobasal left ventricle in abnormal Q-wave genesis. (4) Lesions confined to a given anatomic location in the left ventricle tended to place particular emphasis and limits on the spectrum of electrocardiographic expression but did not yield a uniform single pattern of Q-wave distribution.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The road to Windsor: Centenary of the Royal Charter of 1884

Royal Charters incorporating academic and professional bodies have usually been granted as soon as the organization could prove itself worthy of the honour. Why, then did it take the Institute nearly 40 years to acquire its charter? The story has been told in R.C. Simmonds's The Institute of Actuaries 1848–1948 but bears retelling here.

Topic: Australian History and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Before Photography: Painting and the Invention of Photography

Perhaps the most curious aspect of the race to invent photography is that it was not a race until it was over. With the exception of Daguerre and Niepce (who became partners), none of the four or five serious contestants was aware of the others. Despite this fact, the finish was remarkably close. Indeed, the identity of the winner and the date of the finish depend on which characteristic of the medium is chosen as salient. There are respectable arguments for Thomas Wedgwood in 1802, Nicephore Niepce in 1826, William Henry Fox Talbot in 1835, and L.-J.-M. Daguerre in 1835 or 1839 (when the invention was publicly announced). This apparent coincidence is all the more striking because, despite the technical character of the invention, we cannot point to any technical innovation as a catalyst. All of the inventors simply combined two scientific principles that had been known for quite some time. The first of these was optical. Light passing through a small aperture in one wall of a dark room (or obscura) projects an image on the opposite wall. The camera obscura had been a familiar tool of artists and scientists from the sixteenth century. From the eighteenth, it had been common in portable form, designed to project on paper or glass an image that the artist could trace. The second principle was chemical. In 1727, Johann Heinrich Schulze had shown that certain chemicals, especially silver halides, turn dark when exposed to light. The inventors of photography used such chemicals to render permanent the insubstantial image formed in the camera obscura.   ……………………

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: Evolving Genomic Landscape and Emerging Consensus

Colorectal cancer is the third most lethal cancer in men and women in the USA. Although surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, many patients develop local and widely metastatic disease and become resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics. Recent comprehensive molecular characterization has led to subclassification of colorectal adenocarcinoma based on molecular properties, such as microsatellite instability and high CpG island methylation. These emerging subclassifications are associate with varying frequencies of RAS, BRAF, APC and other genetic events and have the ability to redefine therapeutic regimens. In this review, we examine how molecular diagnostics are currently used while providing insight into emerging implications for molecular analysis for personalized therapy in colorectal cancer.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD ICRF-DC45 #183544.1

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.

Topic: HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mainstream versus special needs educators: comparisons of knowledge levels towards their roles and responsibilities in supporting inclusive education

With inclusive systems requiring major transformation and metamorphosis to educators’ traditional responsibilities, extensive shifts to these “inclusive roles” are becoming a problem for both mainstream and special needs educators who find themselves in dexterous, multifaceted, overlapping and clashing responsibilities. This study examined and compared the knowledge levels of 608 mainstream and special needs educators across Malaysia towards their roles and responsibilities in supporting inclusive education in Malaysian primary schools in three stages, namely the pre-transition during transition, and post-transition stage. Questionnaire was constructed to collect data, and the data obtained was analysed descriptively. Findings indicated a general lack of knowledge among mainstream educators and special needs educators in all stages of the transition process, which is symptomatic that both groups of educators are beyond their capabilities, competencies and incontrovertibly their skills and knowledge in inclusive education. Furthermore, findings revealed that the special needs educators are marginally more knowledgeable in supporting inclusion as compared to the mainstream educators at all stages of inclusive transitions. The findings implicate that the transformation from traditional roles to modern inclusive job roles interfere with the comparison in knowledge levels between both mainstream and special needs educators and the lack of role clarity may be related to self-depreciating feelings and self-reports of lower confidence in their knowledge ability.

Topic: Disability Education and Employment
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Access-to-Care and Conscience: Conflicting or Coherent?

Abstract “Intervention” is not synonymous with “care.” For an intervention to constitute care—which patients should have a right to access—it must be technically feasible and licit. Now these criteria do not prove sufficient; numerous archaic interventions remain feasible and legally permissible, yet are now bywords for spurious care. Therefore, we propound another necessary condition for an intervention to become care: the physician must rationally judge the intervention to be conducive to the patient’s good. Consequently, the right of access-to-care relies on physicians being free to practice medicine in accord with their consciences, conscience being the rational faculty with which they judge the reasonableness of even mundane medical decisions. Since physicians operate as part of a community, it is further necessary to consider when central bodies may reasonably compel physicians to engage in interventions that the physician believes are not consistent with the patient’s good and/or are not congruent with the purposes of medicine.

Topic: Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Export Activities of Estonian Firms

Summary Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in promoting export growth in local and foreign-owned Estonian firms through the opening of new markets and provision of managerial and marketing know-how and financial resources needed for export. Using data from surveys of firms operating in Estonia, this paper examines the impact of FDI on the export competitiveness of Estonian enterprises. Specific issues analyzed include identification of different investor types and their relative benefits on the host economy, the strengthening of distribution networks, productivity of foreign and domestic exporters, and potential spillover effects.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Calculations on the Shape and Extent of Space Charge Regions in Semiconductor Surfaces

The shape and extent of space charge regions in semiconductor surfaces are briefly discussed. Curves describing the potential as a function of distance inside the semiconductor are obtained by numerical integration of the Poisson equation. The curves apply to all semiconductors. They show the effects of different resistivities and the increased depth of the space charge regions expected in pure III-V compounds over those encountered in Ge and Si.

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Advanced Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: usefulness of Morel's scoring system in establishing prognosis.

New treatments for patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) have necessited the development of prognostic indices. Using a sample of 92 patients with refractory or relapsing WM treated in a randomized trial, we show that Morel's prognostic scoring system for patients at diagnosis is also effective in patients with advanced disease.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Study on the Design Development Methods and the Characteristics of Zero Waste Fashion Design

The importance of environment has come into focus recently, and this has led to increased attention on zero waste fashion design as a method to minimize waste from the production stage of fashion goods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the development method types and the characteristics of zero waste fashion design in order to study the eco-friendly meanings of zero waste fashion design, as well as its meaning as creative design development methods. Through the case analysis of recent designs, the design types of zero waste fashion design were largely classified into cut and sew, folding, draping, and non-woven types, and they were classified again according to the characteristics of production process. According to the result of analyzing fashion design development methods of zero waste fashion designs based on the process of completing design, they were classified into pattern making, computer programming, draping, assembling of the unit, and non-woven moulding methods, and the aspect of combined use rather than utilization of one method appeared. Formative characteristics of zero waste fashion design included decorative beauty, formative beauty, and transformable beauty and its design characteristics were fortuity and unexpected properties, breaking stereotypes, structural flexibility and futuristic innovation.

Topic: Fashion and Cultural Textiles
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Case study for placement solutions in ispd11 and dac12 routability-driven placement contests

Routability is a critical issue in VLSI design flow. To address this issue, the routability-driven placement contests [1, 2] held at ISPD11 and DAC12 promote the development of routability-driven placers such as those in [4-6]. ISPD11 and DAC12 contests adopt metrics that are based on global routing solutions to evaluate the routability of placement solutions. However, such global-routing-based metrics typically ignore local congestion, and they cannot evaluate the actual routability effectively. In this work, we develop a translator that allows us to feed the placement solutions of mPL [3], NTUplace [4], Ripple [5], and SimPLR [6] into a commercial router for detailed routing. We then analyze the detailed routing result of each placement solution to better understand the issues that may cause routing violations. Moreover, we examine the suitability of using the ISPD11 and DAC12 metrics in predicting routability. Our findings indicated that the metrics might not reliably predict actual routability, in terms of the number of (detailed) routing violations.

Topic: VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Stock Watch

The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound (US) assistance during the osmotic pretreatment of sour cherries has any influence on quality and changes in the levels of bioactive compounds present in dried product during storage using an accelerated shelf-life test. Sour cherries of ‘Nefris’ variety were pitted in a frozen state and subjected to osmotic dehydration in a water bath fitted with ultrasound transducers (25 kHz, 0.4 W/cm2) and a shaking plate (30 rpm) in sucrose solution (60 °Bx, fruit to syrup ratio 1:4, 40 °C) and then convectively dried (60 °C, 9 h, 2.5 m/s). The osmotic dehydration lasted 120 min with (60US) and without US (0US) treatment. The application of US resulted in the enhancement of mass transfer after osmotic dehydration (higher dry matter content and lower water activity in dried 60US sample in comparison to 0US). Storage caused the deterioration of anthocyanin content and after 8 weeks of storage significant differences between samples became visible. Samples treated with US application had a lower antiradical capacity than those untreated. It can be anticipated that ultrasound application had a negative influence on anthocyanin content and may speed up the loss of antioxidant potential.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Beta toxin catalyzes formation of nucleoprotein matrix in staphylococcal biofilms

Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microbes encompassed by an extracellular matrix. It is estimated that 80% of all bacterial infections involve biofilm formation, but the structure and regulation of biofilms are incompletely understood. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a major structural component in many biofilms of the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus , but its role is enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that beta toxin, a neutral sphingomyelinase and a virulence factor of S. aureus , forms covalent cross-links to itself in the presence of DNA (we refer to this as biofilm ligase activity, independent of sphingomyelinase activity) producing an insoluble nucleoprotein matrix in vitro. Furthermore, we show that beta toxin strongly stimulates biofilm formation in vivo as demonstrated by a role in causation of infectious endocarditis in a rabbit model. Together, these results suggest that beta toxin cross-linking in the presence of eDNA assists in forming the skeletal framework upon which staphylococcal biofilms are established.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Hollow dimension of modules

In this paper, we are interested in the following general question: Given a moduleM which has finite hollow dimension and which has a finite collection of submodulesK i(1≤i≤n) such thatM=K 1+...+Kn, can we find an expression for the hollow dimension ofM in terms of hollow dimensions of modules built up in some way fromK 1, ..., Kn? We prove the following theorem: LetM be an amply supplemented module having finite hollow dimension and letK i(1≤i≤n) be a finite collection of submodules ofM such thatM=K 1+...+Kn. Then the hollow dimensionh(M) ofM is the sum of the hollow dimensions ofK i(1≤i≤n) if and only ifK i is a supplement ofK 1+...+Ki−1+Ki+1+...+Kn inM for each1≤i≤n.

Topic: Rings, Modules, and Algebras
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE OF THE THIRD GENERATIONJAVANESE IMMIGRANT’S PARENTS OFPUJAKESUMA COMMUNITY IN MEDAN

This study deals with the language maintenance of Javanese in Medan. It uses qualitative design. It is conducted descriptively. This study aims to examine factors contributing the Javanese language maintenance in Medan, find out the strategies in maintaining Javanese language in Medan, and find out the reason why the teenagers of Javanese maintain their language in Medan. The subjects were 7 persons (males and females) of Javanese teenagers. The use of instruments in this study were observation, interview, and documentation. The observation was used to examine the factors contributing Javanese language maintenance and the language use in five domains in order to describe the strategies of Javanese language maintenance in Medan. The interview was used to gain the reasons of Javanese language maintenance in Medan. The theories of Fishman, Holmes, and Clyne are used in this study. The data were analyzed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana analysis (2014). There are five factors contributing the third generation Javanese language maintenance in Medan namely: Living together with the first generation, the use of the language in family domain, the use of the language in neighborhood domain, the use of the language in workplace domain, and an additional factor that found by researcher as new insight in this research is the use of the language in showing traditional culture in the events. There are three strategies to maintain Javanese language in Medan, namely: family language policy, using the language in their daily communication, and learning Javanese language in preparation of the showing events. There are three reasons why they maintain Javanese language, namely: proud being Javanese people, show the identity as Javanese people, and preserving language and culture. The analysis of data clearly indicates that Javanese language maintenance was done in Medan.

Topic: Linguistics and Language Analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Controlling Bitter Pit in `Honeycrisp' Apples

Control of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' apples ( Malus × domestica ) from trees treated during the growing season with foliar sprays of trifloxystrobin fungicide and calcium was evaluated in four replicated trials over 2 years. All trials were in commercial orchards of `Honeycrisp' trees that were 3 to 6 years old. The effectiveness of combining boron with foliar applications of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) was evaluated in two trials, and effectiveness of harpin protein, used either alone or in alternating sprays with CaCl 2 was assessed in one trial. Trifloxystrobin applied twice during the 30 days before harvest reduced bitter pit incidence at harvest in one of the four trials, but the reduction was transitory, no longer being evident when fruit were re-evaluated after 63 days of cold storage. Harpin protein did not affect disorder incidence. Calcium sprays failed to control bitter pit in treatments where the total elemental calcium applied was less than 2.7 lb/acre (3.03 kg·ha –1 ) per year for tree canopies that were sprayed to drip using 100 gal/acre (935.4 L·ha –1 ) of spray solution. In the two trials where some treatments involved application of at least 2.9 lb/acre (3.25 kg·ha –1 ) of elemental calcium per season, the incidence of fruit with bitter pit at harvest was reduced by 76% to 90%. Effectiveness of calcium sprays for bitter pit control was not enhanced by superimposing trifloxystrobin, boron, or harpin protein treatments. Flesh firmness at harvest was lower in calcium-treated than in non-treated fruit, and fruit maturity was more advanced on trees receiving boron sprays than on trees receiving no boron. In one trial, where the first calcium application was made approximately 2 weeks after petal fall and 4 days prior to a fruit thinning spray, crop load of trees that received calcium sprays, measured as number of fruit per cm 2 trunk cross-sectional area, was 38% greater than on trees that received no calcium sprays. CaCl 2 provided better control of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' than any of the other materials tested.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences