jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preference Study of Marginal Society in Palembang City who Live in Subsidized Houses and Flats on the Need for Space as A Place for Activity

Palembang city is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia.The strongest character is seen when the growth of the residential environment is quite dense and the economic level of the community is quite low.This is the impact of high land and property prices in big cities such as Palembang.The phenomenon is that a new family with a limited economy chooses to build a house on a plot owned by their parents or chooses to develop an existing old house.This has an impact on the increasingly dense residential environment that is not directed with irregular buildings.In South Sumatra alone, about 9,987 housing units are needed to accommodate a total of 63,845 residents or often referred to as the housing backlog.This issue is very important to provide solutions to problems related to meet the needs of housing in urban areas.Some of the solutions provided by the government are by making flats (rusun) or subsidized houses.However, the increasing number of members in the family who demand greater space requirements must be considered for the possibility of residential development carried out by people living in subsidized houses and flats.Through this research, it is hoped that the ideal standard for the development of a residential module can be formulated that can accommodate the growing needs of family activities in the concept of a modular house.In this research, identification, analysis, and formulation were carried out in several stages: (1) identification of standard forms of housing provided by the government; subsidized housing and flats, (2) collecting data on community preferences for the need for residential space development as a forum for their activities; with a sample of subsidized houses, flats, and densely populated settlements.Based on the results of the study of preference aspects, it can be concluded that subsidized housing and flats have been channeled to marginalized communities in need in terms of people who have low economic conditions.This can be seen from the observation that most of the houses are inhabited by their owners based on data taken from several flats and subsidized houses.Most of the occupations of residents of flats and subsidized houses are self-employed and traders who earn mostly less than 5 million.Most of the milk houses and subsidized houses are still in standard condition and have an area of approximately 36 m2.

Topic: Architectural and Urban Studies
Subfield: Conservation
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Combined Methods for Physical and Mental Workload

This chapter presents information about the methods that combine physical and mental workload/fatigue during ergonomic evaluation. The methods were identified through a systematic literature review. The search criteria were done through a literature search in databases like SciFinder, SciELO, ScienceDirect, etc. As result, the following methods are described: Global Load Scale, Multivariate Workload Assessment, Subjective Fatigue Symptoms Test, Fatigue Assessment Scale, Scale of Recovery for Exhaustion of Occupational Fatigue, Scale of Estimated Fatigue-Energy Points, Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory, NASA-TLX, Combined Cognitive and Physical Assessment, Laboratory Method of Economics and Sociology of Work, OWL Method, Ergonomic Checklist Method, RENAULT Method, Joyce Method, NERPA Method, ARBAN Method, and MAPFRE Method. As a conclusion, it is possible to affirm that there are some evaluation methods that provide better elements for an accurate evaluation, and others lack basic elements, which causes an incomplete/not accurate evaluation.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
COVID Social Distancing and the Poor: An Analysis of the Evidence for England

Abstract Social distancing is a matter of individuals’ choices as well as of regulation. We analyse weekly panel data on such behaviour for English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs) from March to July 2020, paying attention to the influence of poverty, as measured by free school meals provision. Panel regressions suggest that, although more stringent regulation and slightly lagged local cases of infection increase social distancing, both effects are weaker in UTLAs with higher levels of poverty, in part because of poor housing, and also because shortage of money has forced the poor to keep working. Thus motivated, we develop a two-class (rich/poor) model, in which a Nash non-cooperative equilibrium arises from individual choices in a regulatory regime with penalties for non-compliance. The model yields results in keeping with the empirical findings, indicating the desirability of generous measures to furlough workers in low-paid jobs as a complement to the stringency of general regulation.

Topic: COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Subfield: Modeling and Simulation
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
The outcome of an attachment-based infant mental health therapeutic play programme on infant temperament, parent-infant relationship &amp; maternal reflective functioning

Aims In the Philippines, there is a need for preventive, early intervention programs for perinatal and infant mental health. This is the first local study that investigated an attachment-based, therapeutic play programme (Baby Bonding) on infant temperament, parent-infant relationship and maternal reflecting functioning. Background This study was an effort towards bridging the “10/90 gap in infant mental health research” wherein 90% of the world's infants are born in low- middle-income countries (Population Reference Bureau, 2013b) and “only 10% of the worldwide spending on health research is directed towards the problems that primarily affect the poorest 90% of the world's population (Tomlinson et al., 2014). Method Phase I involved local validation of the Parent-Rated Outcome Measures (PROM)- Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ), Mother Object Relations Scale (MORS) and Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ).Healthy mother-baby dyads, from the low socio-economic stratum, were screened using Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Phase II carried out randomized controlled design wherein mother-baby dyads were enrolled either in the usual care group or the 6-weekly Baby Bonding intervention. Result 102 mothers answered the PROM. Their responses constituted the training set of the study tools. Baseline responses of the mothers from the usual care (N = 51) and intervention (N = 53) groups formed the evaluation set for the Filipino- translated instruments. In both the training and evaluation sets, if certain identified questions were to be removed from the PROM, better and acceptable Cronbach values were consistently generated. There were no statistical differences on parent-infant relationship and reflective functioning between the usual care and intervention group. There was movement of the intervention group from high-challenging onto intermediate to low-levels of challenging temperament in the dull-dimension of the ICQ after 6 sessions. In comparison, infants in the control group remained in the high-challenging temperament after 6 weeks of usual care. Conclusion Linguistically validated study instruments (ICQ and MORS) provided accurate assessments of infant temperament and parent-child relationship. The Filipino-translated PRFQ has limited validity in evaluating parental reflective functioning (RF). “On-line” measures that video mother-baby interactions could have better captured changes in RF. As measured by the dull dimension of the ICQ, the Baby Bonding programme improved sociability of the infants (7 months or younger).

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A strong ethidium binding site in the acceptor stem of most or all transfer RNAs.

E. coli unfractionated tRNA and tRNA phe both contain a single strong ethidium binding site. Singlet-singlet energy transfer has been used to measure the distance between this site and dansyl hydrazine covalently attached to the 3' end of the tRNAs. The distance obtained is between 33 and 40 A for both samples. This is completely consistent with results from earlier NMR studies which placed the single, strong ethidium binding site of yeast tRNAphe between base pairs 6 and 7 on the aminoacyl stem. From the known tertiary structure of tRNAphe it is possible to rationalize the unusual affinity of this site and its likely existence in all tRNAs.

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
How to Measure the Control-flow Complexity of Web Processes and Workflows

Several Web process and workflow specification languages and systems have been developed to ease the task of modeling and supporting business processes. In a competitive e-commerce and e-business market, organizations want Web processes and workflows to be simple, modular, easy to understand, easy to maintain and easy to re-engineer. To achieve these objectives, one can calculate the complexity of processes. The complexity of processes is intuitively connected to effects such as readability, understandability, effort, testability, reliability and maintainability. While these characteristics are fundamental in the context of processes, no methods exist that quantitatively evaluate the complexity of processes. The major goal of this chapter is to describe a measurement to analyze the control-flow complexity of Web processes and workflows. The measurement is to be used at design-time to evaluate the complexity of a process design before implementation.

Topic: Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect of sivelestat sodium in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Sivelestat is widely used in treating acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although the clinical efficacy of sivelestat remains controversial.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sivelestat in patients with ALI/ARDS.Methods: Electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched to identify trials through April 2017.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included irrespective of blinding or language that compared patients with and without sivelestat therapy in ALI/ARDS.A random-effects model was used to process the data, and the relative risk (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effect of sivelestat.Results: Six RCTs reporting data on 804 patients with ALI/ARDS were included.Overall, no significant difference was found between sivelestat and control for the risk of 28-30 days mortality (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.71-1.23;P = 0.718).Sivelestat therapy had no significant effect on ventilation days (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.38; P = 0.748), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) level (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: -0.45 to 1.41; P = 0.315), and intensive care unit (ICU) stays (SMD: -9.87; 95% CI: -24.30 to 4.56; P = 0.180).The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that sivelestat therapy might affect the PaO 2 /FiO 2 level in patients with ALI/ARDS (SMD: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.35; P < 0.001).Conclusions: Sivelestat therapy might increase the PaO 2 /FiO 2 level, while it had little or no effect on 28-30 days mortality, ventilation days, and ICU stays.These findings need to be verified in large-scale trials.

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An analysis of L2 learners' use of noun modification in written Japanese

This paper will explore issues of Japanese language acquisition and in particular will focus on how second language (L2) learners use noun modification in written Japanese. Second language acquisition (SLA) studies to date reveal that the topic of how L2 learners use noun modification is viewed as a relatively minor aspect of Japanese language acquisition. The aim of this study is to examine how each level of L2 learners uses Japanese noun modification in compositions and mini tests, and also to establish an effective method for teaching noun modification in written Japanese. This present study will also demonstrate that the frequency and accuracy of use of four forms of noun modification assists the learners to develop confidence and fluency in written Japanese.

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Prognostic factors and survival of patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer who underwent craniotomy

Abstract Brain metastasis ( BM ) in patients with breast cancer is a catastrophic event that results in poor prognosis. Identification of prognostic factors associated with breast cancer brain metastases ( BCBM ) could help to identify patients at risk. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with BCBM who had craniotomy and resection in a series of patients treated with modern multimodality therapy. We analyzed 42 patients with BCBM who underwent resection. Patients were diagnosed with breast cancer between April 1994 and May 2010. Cox proportional hazards regression was selected to describe factors associated with time to BM , survival from the date of first recurrence, and overall survival ( OS ). Median age was 51 years (range 24–74). Median follow‐up was 4.2 years (range 0.6–18.5). The proportion of the biological subtypes of breast cancer was ER +/ HER 2− 25%, ER +/ HER 2+ 15%, ER ‐/ HER 2+ 30%, and ER ‐/ HER 2− 30%. Median OS from the date of primary diagnosis was 5.74 years. Median survival after diagnosis of BM was 1.33 years. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, stage was the only factor associated with shorter time to the development of BM ( P = 0.033), whereas age was the only factor associated with survival from the date of recurrence ( P = 0.027) and with OS ( P = 0.037). Stage at primary diagnosis correlated with shorter time to the development of BM , while age at diagnosis was associated with shorter survival in BCBM . None of the other clinical factors had influence on survival.

Topic: Brain Metastases and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Thermodynamic targeting of electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction: advantages, limitations, and insights for catalyst design

Herein is reported the electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> with the complex [Ni(bis-NHC)(dmpe)]<sup>2+</sup> (<bold>1</bold>) (bis-NHC = 1,l′:3,3′-bis(1,3-propanediyl)dibenzimidazolin-2,2′-diylidene; dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane).

Topic: CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Two partitioning type clustering algorithms

Abstract In this article, two partitioning type clustering algorithms are presented. Both algorithms use the same method for selecting cluster seeds; however, assignment of documents to the seeds is different. The first algorithm uses a new concept called “cover coefficient,” and it is a single‐pass algorithm. The second one uses a conventional measure for document assignment to the cluster seeds and is a multipass algorithm. The concept of clustering, a model for seed oriented partitioning, the new centroid generation approach, and an illustration for both algorithms are also presented in the article.

Topic: Data Management and Algorithms
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Radiological and Clinical Manifestations of Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification in a Patient with Parathyroid Hyperplasia

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is the deposition of calcium salts in the walls of the alveoli and small blood vessels in normal tissue. MPC may be associated with end-stage renal disease, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, diffuse skeletal malignancy, intravenous calcium therapy, massive osteolysis from metastases, and multiple myeloma. We present a case of a 53-year-old-man with end-stage renal disease and primary hyperparathyroidism presented with hip and chest pain. Computed tomography of the chest revealed multiple, ground-glass opacities associated with poorly defined centrilobular nodules and numerous calcific nodules, consistent with MPC.

Topic: Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Recurrent Loss of SMARCA4 in Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma

Molecular analysis has reshaped the landscape of high grade sinonasal tumors by defining novel entities and identifying recurrent mutations in established tumor types. However, sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS), a rare and aggressive tumor with intermixed teratomatous, carcinomatous, and sarcomatous elements, remains poorly understood. The multiphenotypic differentiation of TCS has engendered persistent controversy about its histogenesis and leads to diagnostic overlap with several other malignancies. In this study, we evaluated the molecular underpinnings of TCS to clarify its pathogenesis and diagnosis. We performed SMARCA4 immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 22 TCS and 153 other sinonasal tumors. We identified loss of SMARCA4 expression in 18 TCS (82%), including 15 (68%) with complete loss and 3 (14%) with partial loss. Although we also identified partial SMARCA4 loss in 1 of 8 SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas (13%), SMARCA4 was intact in all other sinonasal carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. We then selected 3 TCS with complete SMARCA4 loss by IHC for a targeted next-generation sequencing panel that included 1425 cancer-related genes. We confirmed biallelic somatic inactivation of SMARCA4 without other known oncogenic mutations in these 3 cases. Overall, these findings suggest that SMARCA4 inactivation may be the dominant genetic event in TCS, expanding understanding of this gene’s role in sinonasal tumorigenesis. They also raise the possibility that TCS is on a diagnostic spectrum with the newly described SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, blurring the lines between established and emerging sinonasal entities. In addition, SMARCA4 IHC may provide a useful adjunct for confirming a diagnosis of TCS in limited material.

Topic: Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Textual characteristics of corporate sustainability disclosure and corporate sustainability performance: evidence from Australia

Purpose This study aims to analyze whether various textual characteristics in corporate sustainability disclosure associate with corporate sustainability performance in Australia, pertaining to tones of language and readability. The voluntary disclosure theory and legitimacy theory are used to formulate the study hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach Using data from Australian listed firms (2002–2016), four textual characteristics are examined: tone of optimism, tone of certainty, tone of clarity and readability. Corporate sustainability performance is measured by Thomson Reuters Asset4 ratings. Different strategies are adopted to mitigate endogeneity concerns. Findings The authors found that there is a positive relationship between the textual characteristics of sustainability disclosure and sustainability performance. Specifically, firms with better performance communicate in an optimistic, certain, clear and more readable manner. Practical implications The results suggest that Australia’s voluntary reporting status does not induce a combination of poor performance and positive disclosure. This paper should be of interest to investors and other stakeholders and also informs regulatory policy on sustainability disclosure in Australia. Originality/value The authors contribute to the sustainability disclosure literature using computer-based textual analysis to explore whether firms reveal their sustainability performance by “how things are said” (i.e. textual characteristics) in sustainability disclosure. As far as the authors could ascertain, they are the first to investigate textual characteristics of sustainability disclosure in Australia.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
An Axial Vector Photon in a Mirror World

The unity of symmetry laws emphasizes, in the case of a mirror CP-even Dirac Lagrangian, the regularity that the left- and right-handed axial-vector photons refer to long- and short-lived bosons of true neutrality, respectively. Such a difference in lifetimes expresses the unidenticality of masses, energies, and momenta of axial-vector photons of the different components. They require the generalization of the classical Klein-Gordon equation to the case of C-odd types of particles with a nonzero spin. Together with a new Dirac equation for truly neutral particles with the half-integral spin, the latter reflects the availability in nature of the second type of the local axial-vector gauge transformation responsible for origination in a Lagrangian of C-oddity of an interaction Newton component, which gives an axial-vector mass to all the interacting particles and fields. The quantum axial-vector mass, energy, and momentum operators constitute herewith the CP-invariant Schrödinger equation, confirming that each of them can individually influence on the matter field. Thereby, findings define at the new level, namely, at the level of the mass-charge structure of gauge invariance the mirror Euler-Lagrange equation such that it has an axial-vector nature.

Topic: Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences