jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE TRICK ENHANCES L5991's STANDBY FUNCTION

This application notes describes a simple technique that allows improving the Standby function of the advanced PWM controller L5991. The price to pay for that is the addition of just two resistors and two diodes, but the benefit brought in terms of no-load consumption in mains-operated converters is worth this small fee. The effectiveness of the improved Standby function will be proved and assessed on a couple of existing designs.

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Risk Financing and Insurance‐Related Activities/ Public Entity Risk Pools

This chapter addresses the accounting and financial reporting guidance for the risk financing and insurance-related activities of state and local governments. It also addresses the accounting and financial reporting requirements for public entity risk pools. The governmental entity should recognize and measure its claims liabilities and related expenditures/expenses in accordance with the requirements. The chapter summarizes the accounting and financial reporting considerations that must be made when either the general fund or an internal service fund is used to account for risk retention retained by entities other than pools. In addition to the accounting guidance, the public entity risk pools must meet a number of disclosure requirements relative to their activities and also prepare and disclose certain required supplementary information in accordance with GASBS 10. Risk financing activities are typically very significant for state and local governmental entities, regardless of whether risks are transferred to public entity risk pools.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibiotics, the microbiome, and immunity : a case study in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to establish a theoretical impact of antibiotic misuse on the microbiome and its effects on immunity. Recent studies indicate the importance of a microbiome on the immune system. Both the leptin signaling pathways and CD4T cell production are influenced by the microbiome (Mazmanian, et al. 2005). The use of antibiotics has been associated with dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance in the digestive tract. The immune system is limited when the microbiome is dysbiotic.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
New records of flat mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from India

Six species of Tenuipalpidae are reported for the first time from India among the seventeen species from South Bengal in the current collection. Among them, three species belong to the genus Brevipalpus, B. melichrus Pritchard and Baker, B.mitrofanovi (Pegazzano) and B. turrialbensis Manson; one species of the genus Cenopalpus, C. picitilis Chaudhri; and the remaining two species belong to the genus Tenuipalpus, T. crassulus Baker and Tuttle and T. leipoldti Meyer.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
School staff’s views on poor mental health among Swedish students in a rural setting

Abstract Background School staffs' views on poor mental health in students is of interest when planning and evaluating mental health promotion in school. The aim of the present study was to explore school staff's views on poor mental health in students. Methods The study was carried out in a rural municipality in the northern part of Sweden in 2019-2020. The baseline data presented here was collected prior to a mental health promotion intervention (Youth Aware of Mental Health). Three focus group interviews were conducted with teachers/teacher assistants in grade 7-9 at three different schools, and one with the central student health team. One individual interview was carried out with a psychologist from the student health team. Thematic content analysis was used. Results Preliminary analysis resulted in three themes. In To discover and interpret poor mental health, the school staff discussed distribution, signs, and difficulties for school staff and students to detect and handle poor mental health. In The surrounding community, school staff reflected on the impact of students' contexts, including school, home, leisure activities, and social media, in the rural setting. Lastly, in What the school and students can do, school staff elaborated on conditions and possibilities to prevent and manage poor mental health in the local context. Conclusions School staff expressed that they and the students had difficulties interpreting and managing students' poor mental health. Students are surrounded by norms, and demands for responsibility, engagement and performance in different contexts. Inadequacies in the school organization put greater responsibility on the individual teacher. Key messages There are shortcomings in school staffs' as well as students’ knowledge of and management of poor mental health. In order to promote mental health among students, the rural school needs to create an organization that takes into account the conditions of sparsely populated areas.

Topic: Health, psychology, and well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
A Simplified Frailty Index Predicts Mortality in Older Adults in Beijing

Li Zhang,1,2,&ast; Tong Ji,1,2,&ast; Fei Sun,2 Yun Li,1 Zhe Tang,1,2 Lina Ma1,2 1Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lina Ma; Zhe Tang Email malina0883@126.com; tangzhe@sina.comObjective: The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is an integral tool used to identify vulnerable older adults in need of individualized plans to delay the course of diseases and monitor treatment outcomes. We previously developed and validated a 68-item frailty index (FI) based on the CGA in a large, older, Chinese population. However, substantial time is needed to evaluate the 68 items. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a simplified FI for use in Chinese older population.Design: Longitudinal study.Setting and Participants: Data were drawn from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. The study was conducted in 2004 with 1808 participants evaluated using the CGA and was followed-up for 13 years. Mortality was recorded at 3, 5, 8, 10, and 13 years intervals.Measures: 27-Item, 50-item, and 68-item frailty indices were investigated. A Cox proportional hazards model and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) were calculated to compare mortality predictions.Results: The FI was positively correlated with age in males (r = 0.174, P < 0.001) and females (r = 0.270, P < 0.001). The mean baseline FI was 0.225 ± 0.085 (range: 0.04– 0.56) as evaluated by the 27-item FI, 0.181 ± 0.117 (range: 0.02– 0.62) by the 50-item FI, and 0.167 ± 0.101 (range: 0.02– 0.59) by the 68-item FI. Cox regression models showed that mortality was significantly higher in frail people than in non-frail people for all 3 indices (p< 0.001). The AUCs of the 68-item FI, 50-item FI, and 27-item FI for predicting mortality were 0.720, 0.717, and 0.677, respectively (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The 27-item FI is reasonable to expect that the AUC of the indices with the higher items number is inferior to the performance of the indices with higher number of items (FI50 and FI68). But 27-item maybe used as a tool to identify frail older adults and predict mortality in clinical and primary care practices in China.Keywords: frailty index, older adults, comprehensive geriatric assessment, mortality

Topic: Frailty in Older Adults
Subfield: Geriatrics and Gerontology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Consideration for cognitive preferences to enhance effective HCI in online museum exhibits

Clearly, giving consideration to online museum visitors&amp;#039; cognitive differences challenges curators when planning their exhibits. There are interactive effects between the visitor&amp;#039;s cognitive preferences and the exhibit&amp;#039;s display format on the quality of the resulting human-computer interactions (HCI). The rapid growth of web-mediated technology extends the opportunity to fulfil exhibit facilitation. Although there is research that investigates individual cognitive differences for more traditional learning environments, the concept of online museum exhibits broadens the scope for further research. This paper discusses the interactive effects of cognitive preferences and exhibit display strategies, to highlight the need for consideration of these issues when planning the HCI involved in online exhibit design.

Topic: Museums and Cultural Heritage
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
La VoLTE: Novel Cross Layer Optimized Mechanism of Video Transmission over LTE for DRX

Power efficiency in broadband wireless access networks has emerged as a very important area of research worldwide. 4G wireless standards such as the 3GPP LTE have attempted to address this issue through mechanisms such as Discontinuous Reception (DRX) which can enhance the battery performance in user equipments (UEs) and improve resource utilization at the base station (eNodeB) especially for applications characterized by long periods of inactivity such as the WWW. However, DRX in connected mode has not been optimized for real time applications such as Mobile TV and Video on Demand (VoD) which require strict latency and QoS uarantees. This paper presents a novel mechanism, La VoLTE, based on time series prediction and enhanced eNodeB architecture to determine DRX opportunities during video streaming over Real Time Protocol (RTP) in a TDD-LTE network without compromising the QoS. Through extensive simulations, it is found that the proposed mechanism can result in 30-80 percent power saving over the video transmission duration depending on video data for different video quality and bandwidth requirements.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Postictal nose wiping: A lateralizing sign in temporal lobe complex partial seizures

We report postictal nose wiping as a postictal symptom of localizing and lateralizing significance in focal epilepsy. We reviewed videotapes of 444 focal seizures in 101 patients who underwent prolonged video and EEG monitoring during presurgical epilepsy evaluation, and observed postictal nose wiping in 51.3% of 76 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The hand used to perform postictal nose wiping was ipsilateral to the side of seizure origin in 86.5% of all seizures and in 97.3% of all patients. We conclude that postictal nose wiping is a common, easily assessed symptom after focal seizures of temporal lobe origin that provides reliable lateralizing information on the side of seizure onset.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A review of Corps of Engineers levee seepage practices in the United States

Following this flood, the U.S. Congress passed the Flood ControlActs of 1928, 1936, and 1944.The combination of these acts put the USACE firmly into a multipurpose approach (using reservoirs and levees) for flood control. The above brief history was synopsized from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's web page (2005).

Topic: Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Optogenetic control of Wnt signaling models cell-intrinsic embryogenic patterning using 2D human pluripotent stem cell culture

ABSTRACT In embryonic stem cell (ESC) models for early development, spatially and temporally varying patterns of signaling and cell types emerge spontaneously. However, mechanistic insight into this dynamic self-organization is limited by a lack of methods for spatiotemporal control of signaling, and the relevance of signal dynamics and cell-to-cell variability to pattern emergence remains unknown. Here, we combine optogenetic stimulation, imaging and transcriptomic approaches to study self-organization of human ESCs (hESC) in two-dimensional (2D) culture. Morphogen dynamics were controlled via optogenetic activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (optoWnt), which drove broad transcriptional changes and mesendoderm differentiation at high efficiency (&amp;gt;99% cells). When activated within cell subpopulations, optoWnt induced cell self-organization into distinct epithelial and mesenchymal domains, mediated by changes in cell migration, an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition and TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such optogenetic control of cell subpopulations can be used to uncover signaling feedback mechanisms between neighboring cell types. These findings reveal that cell-to-cell variability in Wnt signaling is sufficient to generate tissue-scale patterning and establish a hESC model system for investigating feedback mechanisms relevant to early human embryogenesis.

Topic: Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for adhesion prevention

Abstract The abnormal joining of anatomic structures after abdominal and pelvic surgery can lead to such major complications as bowel obstruction or infertility. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes and hydrogels were placed over the injured tissue to act as a physical barrier and prevent such adhesions from occurring in a rabbit sidewall model. The membranes were sutured into place to prevent their slipping or curling on the moist tissue. Various in vitro experiments (including testing for swelling and mechanical strength) were conducted in order to better understand the behavior of these membranes in the wound. The results showed that both the PVA membranes and PVA hydrogels significantly reduced the number and severity of adhesions in the rabbit sidewall model, and even indicated a distinct improvement over SEPRAFILM® as antiadhesion barriers. Contact‐angle measurements were taken in order to evaluate the surface properties of the membranes and hydrogels. Three approaches were taken to render the membranes more bioadhesive, and forego the need for future additional suturing: imprinting a texture onto the membrane, coating the membrane with carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), and producing bi‐layered, porous PVA membranes through a process of lyophilization. Though the surface of the PVA hydrogels is more hydrophilic than the surface of the PVA membranes, neither would adhere untreated to moist tissue. However, all three approaches aimed at improving their bioadhesion yielded excellent results and demonstrated that PVA could indeed be considered a viable method of adhesion prevention. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 191–202, 2004

Topic: Intestinal and Peritoneal Adhesions
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cavernous angioma within an olfactory groove meningioma

✓The authors present the case of a 60-year-old woman who was admitted to their institution after suffering a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Neuroimaging data demonstrated an olfactory groove meningioma surrounded by a slight edema, but there was no evidence of SAH, although results of the lumbar puncture demonstrated xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis of meningioma, but results of magnetic resonance imaging led the authors to suspect a cavernoma within the meningioma. This diagnosis was established by pathological examination of the resected lesion. The patient did well and was discharged soon after surgery. This very rare association and the propensity of each of these lesions to be revealed by hemorrhage are discussed.

Topic: Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Evolution of the Immigration Debate: Evidence from a New Dataset of Party Positions Over the Last Half-Century

Immigration is one of the most contentious issues across contemporary democracies, but this has not always been the case. What accounts for this development? We study how immigration has evolved in the political debate in Western Europe over five decades by creating and analyzing a comprehensive new data set—Immigration in Party Manifestos (IPM)—of all immigration-related appeals made in preelection manifestos by major parties. Our account focuses on three central debates. First, contra to perceived wisdom, we find no evidence of polarization between left and right. Instead, we document a striking co-movement. Second, we find only modest support for the argument that the success of anti-immigrant parties significantly shapes how centrist parties position themselves on immigration. Finally, our evidence counters the claim that cultural issues have overtaken the debate over immigration. Although the prominence of immigration-related cultural appeals has increased in certain countries and elections, the economic dimension has remained prevalent.

Topic: Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
<i>In re</i> Von Mackensen and Maelzer (Ardeatine Caves Massacre Case).

Laws of War — Subjects of — Responsibility of Military Commander for War Crimes Committed by Troops under his Command. War Crimes — Punishment of — Superior Orders. Warfare on Land — Reprisals — Nature of — War Crimes as Reprisals — Execution of Civilians as Reprisal for Acts Committed against the Belligerent — Responsibility of Military Commander for War Crimes Committed by Troops under his Command — Superior Orders.

Topic: European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EXPERIMENT AND MODELING STUDY OF AGED ALU-MINIUM ALLOYS STRENGTHENING RESPONSE

Based on thermodynamics, kinetics, and dislocation theory, an unified model is established to describe the quantitative relations between yield strengths of aged Aluminium alloys and the sizes, volume percentages of plate/disc-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates. It is then experimentally proved that the model is suitable to evaluate the aging strengthening of the precipitates for an Al-Cu-Mg alloy aged at 513 K and an Al-Mg-Si alloy aged at 463 K. Furthermore, the relationships between simulation precision of this model and parameters of precipitate are discussed with the aim of improving the present model.

Topic: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comments on Fermi's Statistical Theory of High Energy Nuclear Events

Minor errors in Fermi's paper and McConnell's article on pion and nucleon-antinucleon pair production in highenergy interactions are pointed out. The correction indicates twice as many nucleons and antinucleons as pi mesons, whereas Fermi's estimate of n/sub N/ was too large by about 16%. McConnell's article includes this error and in addition states that W/sup 1/ = 2W/sup 2//Mc/ sup 2/ for the total energy in the laboratory- system. The correct expression is W/sup 1/= W/sup 2//2Mc/sup 2/. (L.N.N.)

Topic: Nuclear physics research studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identifying Central Features of Cotton Leaves in Digital Images with Difficult Backgrounds

Many digital image processing techniques applied to agricultural problems have as main target the leaves of certain species of plants. The most basic task in such a context is to segment the leaf of interest from the rest of the scene, which is relatively straightforward when the leaf is isolated and the image is captured under controlled conditions. However, real field conditions will often imply in little control over lighting and, more importantly, the background may include several elements that make the task considerably more challenging. This is especially true if there are other leaves with similar shape, texture and color in the scene, which is often the case. This paper presents a method to identify the main node of cotton leaves (where the petiole meets the veins) and the main primary vein, giving valuable information about the position and orientation of those leaves. The only constraint to which the method is subject is that the leaf of interest be located in a central position in the image.

Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Responsible Investment Within the Framework of Sustainable Development: A Comparative Constitutional Law Perspective

Over the past few decades, sustainable development (SD) has rapidly spread into domestic legal systems after establishing itself as a norm under international law. It incorporates environmental, economic, social, and governance dimensions. This concept has evolved into a constitutional value that integrates environmental, human rights, and economic dimensions, closely aligned with responsible investing and investment law principles. This resulted in responsible investing, in which the investor should incorporate environmental, social, and governance factors and public values in company and asset management decisions. SD requires a balance between economic growth and ecological protection to ensure that future generations possess both resources and rights to economic development. Investment projects should adhere to principles and obligations that promote balance and integration for sustainable growth. Investment projects should contribute to developing a work environment capable of accommodating significant economic, social, and environmental changes, in addition to their profitability and financial status. The study explores sustainable development as a constitutional value and an international standard, emphasising responsible investment under international and constitutional norms that balance the investor’s right to profit with the host nation’s right to economic advancement. The study examines how law might be used as a regulatory framework in this context. Investors are dedicated to integrating human rights, environmental conservation, social advancement, and effective governance into investment decision-making. Nonetheless, the primary focus remains the comparative constitutional legal viewpoint on responsible investment within sustainable development.

Topic: International Arbitration and Investment Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Alcohol, Drug Use, and Delinquent and Criminal Behaviors among Male Adolescents and Young Adults

This paper examines the relationship between reported delinquent and criminal behavior and drug use patterns among male adolescents and young men in the United States. In an effort to refine prior analyses on the subject, pattern of alcohol use is viewed as a variable worth considering in conjunction with heroin and/or cocaine use patterns. The analysis indicates that the drug patterns relate differentially to the selected indicators of delinquent and criminal behavior and that generalizations about these relationships depend on the nature of the criterion behavior and on ethnic group differences. It is concluded that the clearly excessive criminality of hard drug users does not make hard drug use a powerful predictor of criminality in the population as a whole, since a relative few of all criminal acts are committed by hard drug users and that pattern of alcohol use is a salient variable.

Topic: Crime Patterns and Interventions
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences