jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Short-Term Efficacy of Intra-articular Hypertonic Saline and Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common public health disease with an increasing prevalence. It is one of the leading causes of disability, especially in the elderly. Intra-articular hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy is one of the therapies used for KOA. There have been some articles indicating that patients receiving intra-articular normal saline as a control group of the article had improvement as well. The aim of this randomized clinical trial study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular hypertonic saline in comparison with hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy in treatment of KOA.Methods: A total of 54 patients with KOA were randomized in two groups: hypertonic dextrose (28 patients) and hypertonic saline groups (26 patients). All patients received three intra-articular injections of either hypertonic dextrose or hypertonic saline at two weeks intervals. The values obtained by visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Oxford knee scale (OKS), and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire were the outcome measures which were evaluated before, as well as 2 and 4 weeks after the injections. The data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measurement tests.Results: Both groups revealed improvements in outcome measures after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.Conclusion: We concluded that the intra-articular injection of hypertonic dextrose and hypertonic saline are both effective in the management of KOA. Hypertonic saline can be considered as another medical agent in management of KOA. However, further studies are suggested to evaluate its long-term effects.

Topic: Tendon Structure and Treatment
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inelastic bending of beams under time-varing moments: a state variable approach

The inelastic response of a beam to several time-varying moments is presented. The constitutive equations used to describe the beam material are due to Hart. This is one of several state variable theories of inelastic deformation that have been proposed recently. Hart's equations have been previously shown to accurately predict the response of uniaxial specimens to time-varying loads. It is seen that Hart's theory is able to qualitatively simulate various phenomena in creep and plasticity such as the effect of previous deformation history, yielding, strain recovery, material hardening and strain rate sensitivity in this case of bending of a beam. The computational scheme used to integrate the equations is very efficient.

Topic: Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Spiramycin Sub Gingival Irrigation with Pulsated Jet Irrigator in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinical Study.

The result of this study suggested that subgingival irrigation of tetracycline and spiramycin play a beneficial role in the management of chronic periodontitis patients.

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Bioactive Heterometallic Cu<sup>II</sup>–Zn<sup>II</sup> Complexes with Potential Biomedical Applications

A series of multinuclear heterometallic Cu-Zn complexes of molecular formula [(CuL)<sub>2</sub>Zn(dca)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>1</b>), [(CuL)<sub>2</sub>Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2</b>), [(CuL)<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>2</sub>(Cl)<sub>4</sub>] (<b>3</b>), and [(CuL)<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (<b>4</b>) have been synthesized by reacting [CuL] as a "metalloligand (ML)" (where HL = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine) and by varying the anions or coligands using the same molar ratios of the reactants. All of the four products including the ML have been characterized by infrared and UV-vis spectroscopies and elemental and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. By varying the anions, different structures and topologies are obtained which we have tried to rationalize by means of thorough density functional theory calculations. All of the complexes (<b>1-4</b>) have now been applied for several biological investigations to verify their therapeutic worth. First, their cytotoxicity properties were assessed against HeLa human cervical carcinoma along with the determination of IC<sub>50</sub> values. The study was extended with extensive DNA and protein binding experiments followed by detailed fluorescence quenching study with suitable reagents to comprehend the mechanistic pathway. From all of these biological studies, it has been found that all of these heterometallic complexes show more than a few fold improvement of their therapeutic values as compared to the similar homometallic ones probably because of the simultaneous synergic effect of copper and zinc. Among all of the four heterometallic complexes, complex <b>3</b> exhibits highest binding constants and IC<sub>50</sub> values suggest for their better interaction toward the biological targets and hence have better clinical importance.

Topic: Metal complexes synthesis and properties
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Mapping the Legal and Administrative Frameworks of Access Rights in Europe - A Cross-European Comparative Analysis 1

This report develops a comparative legal analysis of laws and practices on access rights that can be found in the selected countries that we analysed in this research (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom). Although the right of access to personal data is protected and enforced in all these countries (in compliance with Directive 95/46/EC), many differences can be observed.

Topic: European Criminal Justice and Data Protection
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibiotic resistance and R-factors in Escherichia coli from calves, meat and milk.

Two hundred and twenty-four strains of E. coli from apparently normal calves, from diseased calves and pigs, and from raw meat and milk were examined for antibiotic resistance and possession of R-factors.

Topic: Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Visual Impairment in School-Aged Children

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in Shiraz schoolchildren aged between 6 and 12 years. Methods: In the present population-based study, stratified random sampling was used to select 2400 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from all four educational districts of Shiraz, Iran. Using the definitions of the World Health Organization, VI was defined as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤0.5 logMAR (20/60) in the better eye, and blindness as BCVA worse than 1.3 logMAR (20/400) in the better eye. The low vision was defined as BCVA equal to or worse than 0.5 logMAR (20/60) in either eye. Data were recorded from a detailed interview and ocular examination of each eligible student. Results: The mean age of the students was 9.1 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of VI was 3/2001 (0.14%). The cause of VI in all these three patients (100%) was amblyopia due to high refractive errors (high ametropia and astigmatism). Regarding the main refractive errors leading to VI among these three patients, one patient had bilateral high hyperopia (compound hyperopic astigmatism), one of them had bilateral high astigmatism, and the other one had compound myopic astigmatism. According to a visual acuity of less than or equal to 20/60 in at least one eye, 9/2001 (0.4%) of children had low vision. Conclusions: This study revealed a low prevalence of VI in a sample of 6- to 12-year-old school-aged children. Amblyopia in the setting of high ametropia and astigmatism were the most common causes of VI.

Topic: Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1896072: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hyperprolactinaemia as an adverse effect in regulatory and clinical toxicology: role in breast and prostate cancer

Historically, hyperprolactinaemia has been considered of low toxicological relevance when detected in toxicity studies, and even mammary carcinogenesis induced in the rat by prolactin excess has been considered of no relevance to humans. However, recent findings from human epidemiology and molecular biology suggests that prolactin is a risk factor for human breast cancer, and probably prostate cancer. Therefore, this new evidence should be considered in the various decisions to develop and license a new drug or chemical if the compound causes hyperprolactinaemia. This emerging evidence suggests that prolactin can also be produced locally from human breast cancer cells, and that, regardless of source (ie, pituitary or autocrine/paracrine production from cancer cells), prolactin is mitogenic, stimulates proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in breast and prostate cancer cells. This review outlines the evidence that hyperprolactinaemia should be considered a toxicological adverse effect and concludes that prolactin-induced rodent mammary carcinogenesis is relevant to humans and is not species-specific. The effects of prolactin on the prostate gland are also discussed; hyperprolactinaemia may be an additional risk factor for prostate cancer and this also requires consideration in toxicological risk assessments. The implications of increased prolactin secretion as an adverse effect for regulatory toxicology of drugs and chemicals, and in high risk patients receiving therapeutic drugs with hyperprolactinaemic side effects, is discussed. Alteration of prolactin level is also a novel mechanism that requires consideration in endocrine disruption research, since both endogenous oestrogens and also xenoestrogens stimulate prolactin secretion or affect prolactin receptors.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MIRROR MATTER ADMIXTURES AND ISOSPIN BREAKING IN THE |ΔI|=1/2 RULE IN Ω<sup>-</sup> TWO BODY NONLEPTONIC DECAYS

We discuss a description of Ω - two body nonleptonic decays based on possible, albeit tiny, admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary hadrons. The |ΔI|=1/2 rule enhancement is obtained as a result of isospin symmetry and, more importantly, the rather large observed deviations from this rule result from small isospin breaking. This analysis lends support to the possibility that the enhancement phenomenon observed in low energy weak interactions may be systematically described by mirror matter admixtures in ordinary hadrons.

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Penerapan Metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto Untuk Mendukung Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Data Jumlah Resi dan Profit

Data-driven decision-making in the logistics sector often encounters challenges due to fluctuating shipment volumes and unpredictable profit variations. This study implements the Fuzzy Tsukamoto method to process shipment quantity and profit data, enabling a decision-making model that is more responsive to uncertainty. The fuzzification process converts numerical data into fuzzy representations, followed by the application of if-then rules in the inference stage to determine appropriate decisions. The final results are then transformed back into numerical values through the defuzzification process. Evaluation results indicate high accuracy, with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.07 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.05. These findings suggest that the Fuzzy Tsukamoto method effectively enhances decision-making by accounting for data variations and operational uncertainties. In practical applications, this model can assist logistics companies in optimizing shipment distribution, resource allocation, and delivery planning with greater precision, thereby improving operational efficiency and profitability.

Topic: Decision Support System Applications
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
ELF propagation measurements

An experimental measurement program has been conducted to determine parameters for propagation in the 40-50 and 70-80 Hz range. These measurements have utilized a transmitter in Wisconsin radiating approximately 0.25W at 45Hz and 0.5W at 75 Hz. Simple sinusoidal signals have been received and estimated at several sites, some on the same great circle path. Sites have been located in Nova Scotia, Utah, Hawaii, Norway, Greece and Saipan. Based on a simplified propagation model it has been possible to estimate attenuation rates and mode excitation factors with high accuracy subject to some constraints which are discussed. Both daytime and nighttime attenuation rates and excitation factors are discussed.

Topic: Radio Wave Propagation Studies
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A New Zn (II) Coordination Polymer Based on 4-(1-H-imidazol–2-yl) Benzoic Acid Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoluminescence Property

One Zn(II) coordination polymer based on imidazole derivative, namely, [Zn(Hiba)2]n (1) (H2iba = 4-(1-H-imidazol-2-yl) benzoic acid) has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition and been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single X-ray diffractions. Polymer 1 features 2D (4, 4) layers, which contain single left-handed and right-handed 1D chain. The partially deprotonated Hiba ligands further interlink these 1D chains to form an overall 2D framework. The title polymer exhibited exceptional high thermal stability. The enhanced luminescence of the title polymer is attributed to the coordination of the d10 metal ion to amino-acid–like ligand, followed by formation of ligand to metal charge transfer.

Topic: Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Superiority of the PCR-based approach for cloning the acetate kinase gene of Clostridium thermocellum

Cloning of Clostridium thermocellum acetate kinase (ack) and/or phosphotransacetylase (pta) genes in Escherichia coli by functional complementation of ack and/or pta mutants was complicated by an alternative acetate assimilation pathway involving acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). In addition to the problems encountered with the complementation approach, cloning of these genes was not readily achieved using heterologous probing with corresponding genes from Escherichia coli and Methanosarcina thermophila due to the lack of sufficient homology. The use of a PCR-based approach, on the other hand, yielded a specific C. thermocellum gene fragment which showed significant sequence identity to the ack gene for which primers were designed. The subcloned ack fragment was then successfully used as a probe for the isolation of the corresponding gene and restriction analysis of that region.

Topic: Enzyme Structure and Function
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Signatures of high-redshift galactic outflows in the thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect

ABSTRACT Anisotropies of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect serve as a powerful probe of the thermal history of the universe. At high redshift, hot galactic outflows driven by supernovae (SNe) can inject a significant amount of thermal energy into the intergalactic medium, causing a strong y-type distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum through inverse Compton scattering. The resulting anisotropies of the y-type distortion are sensitive to key physical properties of high-z galaxies pertaining to the launch of energetic SNe-driven outflows, such as the efficiency and the spatio-temporal clustering of star formation. We develop a simple analytic framework to calculate anisotropies of y-type distortion associated with SNe-powered outflows of galaxies at $z\gt 6$. We show that galactic outflows are likely the dominant source of thermal energy injection, compared to contributions from reionized bubbles and gravitational heating. We further show that next-generation CMB experiments such as LiteBIRD are likely to detect the contribution to y anisotropies from high-z galactic outflows through the cross-correlation with surveys of Lyman-break galaxies by e.g. the Roman Space Telescope. Our analysis and forecasts demonstrate that thermal SZ anisotropies can be a promising probe of SN feedback and outflows in early star-forming galaxies.

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Quantum-nondemolition measurement of light by a piezoelectric crystal

We show that an optical cavity made of mirrors coated on a piezoelectric crystal can provide a quantum-nondemolition measurement of the intensity of a light beam. Due to radiation pressure, the crystal length is sensitive to the light intensity and can be measured by an electric circuit. The intensity fluctuations are not modified by reflection on such a cavity and the quantum correlations between these fluctuations and the output current of the electric circuit can be made very large even at nonzero temperature.

Topic: Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1577527: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Accommodation and Scotopic Visual Acuity

Changes in scotopic acuity as a function of varying states of natural accommodation have been measured with targets at various distances and luminances. Results for two observers showed that the amounts of negative accommodation needed to produce maximum acuity increased with decreasing luminance or increasing target distance at a constant luminance. The amount of natural negative accommodation needed for maximum acuity was much less than has been found with the use of spectacles and natural accommodation for infinity. There appeared to be a critical luminance level at which changes in accommodation produced minimal changes in acuity. The effect of red vs white fixation lights was also investigated.

Topic: Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Development of FDEM and applicability to river embankment survey

河川堤防の安全性を検討する場合、対象区間においてボーリング調査をポイント的に行いボーリング間の地層については補完的に設定していることが一般的と思われる。しかし、ボーリング地点の間隔が長い場合、その区間内がボーリング結果から補完した地層区分どおりの状態であるとは限らず、脆弱層の見落とし等が懸念される。本研究において周波数領域電磁探査法（Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method:以下、略してFDEM探査法と呼ぶ）は、従来のFDEM探査機を改良開発したもので、探査機を地表面に置くだけで非破壊的に直下の比抵抗分布を迅速に探査することが可能である。したがって、河川堤防のような長い区間の地層状態を比抵抗分布から推定する手法に適していると思われ、比抵抗は含水比や粘土や礫の含有量等に相関があることからボーリング結果とキャリブレーションしながら解析すればさらに精度の高い地層区分や脆弱層の位置を推定できるものと考えられる。本研究においては、新しく開発されたFDEM探査機と測定原理に関する理論的な考察を述べるとともに、数ヶ所の河川堤防で行った現位置における探査結果から、本手法の適用性について検討した。

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Reducing the Formation of Biogenic Amines and Improving the Formation of Antioxidant Compounds in Traditional African Sourdough Flatbread Fermentation

This study investigated the safety and functionality of traditional African sourdough flatbread (kisra), based on the content of biogenic amines (BAs) and antioxidant compounds and their improvement using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species. The primary BAs detected in naturally fermented kisra were tyramine, histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine, with putrescine being the most abundant after baking. In vitro BA production of microorganisms isolated from kisra sourdough revealed that the Enterococcus genus contributed to tyramine accumulation, whereas presumptive yeasts may contribute to putrescine and cadaverine accumulation. The use of LAB species, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis, and Weissella cibaria, significantly reduced putrescine content to less than about 23% of that of naturally fermented kisra, and eliminated tyramine, histamine, and cadaverine formation. Meanwhile, DPPH scavenging activity, total polyphenolic content, and tannin content in naturally fermented kisra were 85.16%, 1386.50 µg/g, and 33.16 µg/g, respectively. The use of LAB species did not affect the DPPH scavenging activity or tannin content but significantly increased the total phenolic content by up to 20% compared to naturally fermented kisra. Therefore, fermentation with LAB starter cultures might be a promising approach to improve the safety related to BAs as well as the functionality of kisra bread.

Topic: Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LHD imp02 #178112.1 (analyzed)

Line intensities of Lyman-alpha and some impurity ions to monitor impurity behaviors, which use 20cm normal incidence monochromators, grazing incidence monochromator, and interference filter + photomultipliers (or + APD), for CIV, OVI, HI, FeXVI, CIII and OV.

Topic: Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 681589: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Action of Water-insoluble Trypsin Derivatives on Pepsinogen

SUMMARY The action, on pepsinogen, of water-insoluble trypsin prepared by polymerization of the enzyme with maleic acid and ethylene was compared with that of trypsin. It was established that, whereas trypsin hydrolyzes 15 peptide bonds in pepsinogen, the maximum number of bonds cleaved by water-insoluble trypsin never exceeds 10. This result is independent of the ratio of carrier to enzyme. Furthermore, the same difference is observed if reduced carboxymethylated pepsinogen is used as substrate. If the chromatographically separated fractions of the two types of digests are compared by high voltage electrophoresis and chromatography, different peptide maps are obtained. Thus it can be concluded that water-insoluble trypsin possesses a more selective specificity toward high molecular

Topic: Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences