jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH509713.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Soft handover analysis in downlink UMTS WCDMA system

This work analyzes the performance of downlink WCDMA with soft handover. A comparison in terms of signal-to-interference ratio between soft handover with handover margin as parameter and hard handover is carried out. For users near the cell border a macrodiversity gain is obtained. This gain depends on the channel multipath characteristics and user density.

Topic: Wireless Communication Networks Research
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Radiolytic Synthesis of Pt-Particle/ABS Catalysts for H2O2 Decomposition in Contact Lens Cleaning

A container used in contact lens cleaning requires a Pt plating weight of 1.5 mg for H2O2 decomposition although Pt is an expensive material. Techniques that decrease the amount of Pt are therefore needed. In this study, Pt nanoparticles instead of Pt plating film were supported on a substrate of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS). This was achieved by the reduction of Pt ions in an aqueous solution containing the ABS substrate using high-energy electron-beam irradiation. Pt nanoparticles supported on the ABS substrate (Pt-particle/ABS) had a size of 4–10 nm. The amount of Pt required for Pt-particle/ABS was 250 times less than that required for an ABS substrate covered with Pt plating film (Pt-film/ABS). The catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition was estimated by measuring the residual H2O2 concentration after immersing the catalyst for 360 min. The Pt-particle/ABS catalyst had a considerably higher specific catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition than the Pt-film/ABS catalyst. In addition, sterilization performance was estimated from the initial rate of H2O2 decomposition over 60 min. The Pt-particle/ABS catalyst demonstrated a better sterilization performance than the Pt-film/ABS catalyst. The difference between Pt-particle/ABS and Pt-film/ABS was shown to reflect the size of the O2 bubbles formed during H2O2 decomposition.

Topic: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessing the collective wealth of Australian research libraries: measuring overlap using<i>WorldCat Collection Analysis</i>

This paper reports the results of recent research examining the holdings of Australian research library collections recorded in the WorldCat database using OCLC WorldCat Collection Analysis software. The objectives of the research are: 1. To better understand the distribution of printed monographs amongst Australian research collections in order to assess the potential for enhanced collaboration in aspects of collection management. 2. To test the OCLC WorldCat Collection Analysis software in order to ascertain its value in comparing collection data based on the Australian research libraries subset of the WorldCat database. The collections compared are the National Library of Australia; University of Melbourne; Monash University, and CAVAL Archival and Research Materials Centre. The data record the extent of overlap between collections, and the prevalence and distribution of single copies. The paper refects on the use of WorldCat Collection Analysis software as a means of supporting the future management of Australian research collections. The research was undertaken as a pilot for a larger study.

Topic: Library Collection Development and Digital Resources
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Relationship between gamma-glutamyl transferase and glucose intolerance in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics patients

Background: Considering that serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity could reflect several different processes relevant to diabetes pathogenesis and the increasing rate of type 2 diabetes worldwide, the aim of this study was to assess the association between serum GGT concentrations and glucose intolerance, in the first-degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this descriptive study, 30-80 years old, non diabetic FDRs of type 2 diabetic patients were studied. Serum GGT was measured by enzymatic photometry method in all studied population. The relationship between GGT and glucose intolerance status (normal, prediabetic and diabetics) was evaluated. Results: During this study 551 non-diabetic FDRs of type 2 diabetic patients were studied. Mean of GGT was 25.3 ± 12.1 IU/L. According to glucose tolerance test, 153 were normal and 217 and 181 were diabetic and prediabetic respectively. Mean of GGT in normal, prediabetic and diabetic patients was 23.5 ± 15.9 IU/L, 29.1 ± 28.1 IU/L and 30.9 ± 24.8 IU/L respectively (p = 0.000). The proportion of prediabetic and diabetic patients was higher in higher quartile of GGT and there was a significant correlation between GGT and BMI, HbA1c, FPG, cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride (p < 0.05). There was a significant relation between GGT and area under the curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Measurement of GGT in FDRs of type 2 diabetic patients may be useful in assessing the risk of diabetes; those with chronically high levels of GGT should be considered as high risk group for diabetes.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparative activities of cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from bite wounds

We studied the comparative in vitro activities of 10 oral antimicrobial agents against 147 aerobic and 61 anaerobic bacteria making up species in 13 genera (Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Eikenella corrodens, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus-Actinobacillus spp., M-5, EF-4, Moraxella spp., Flavobacterium IIb, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp.) that were isolated from bite wounds. Cefuroxime was generally greater than fourfold more active than cephalexin and cefadroxil against all aerobic isolates, including Pasteurella multocida. The fluoroquinolones were highly active against most aerobic isolates but were less active against anaerobic isolates. Ciprofloxacin was generally more active than either enoxacin or ofloxacin. Discrepancies of greater than 30% in the interpretation of susceptibilities between break points suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and those related to oral dose peak levels (one-half to one-quarter of maximum achievable concentrations) were noted in 14% (18 of 130) of the instances.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Learning in Infancy Is Active, Endogenously Motivated, and Depends on the Prefrontal Cortices

A common view of learning in infancy emphasizes the role of incidental sensory experiences from which increasingly abstract statistical regularities are extracted. In this view, infant brains initially support basic sensory and motor functions, followed by maturation of higher-level association cortex. Here, we critique this view and posit that, by contrast and more like adults, infants are active, endogenously motivated learners who structure their own learning through flexible selection of attentional targets and active interventions on their environment. We further argue that the infant brain, and particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is well equipped to support these learning behaviors. We review recent progress in characterizing the function of the infant PFC, which suggests that, as in adults, the PFC is functionally specialized and highly connected. Together, we present an integrative account of infant minds and brains, in which the infant PFC represents multiple intrinsic motivations, which are leveraged for active learning.

Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[The control and regulation of gas exchange in membrane oxygenators of the MOST-122 stationary type during open heart surgery].

A system of controlling the perfusion parameters and the efficacy of extracorporeal gas exchange is described. The system has been developed and employed for the control and regulation of gas exchange in the MOST-122 oxygenators manufactured in the USSR and based on selective composition membranes. The system allows an expeditious assessment of gas exchange disorders which may occur during AC and extracorporeal oxygenation as well as their high-accuracy correction, reaching optimal modes of ventilation.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Highly Sensitive and Stable Humidity Nanosensors Based on LiCl Doped TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Electrospun Nanofibers

Highly Sensitive and Stable Humidity Nanosensors Based on LiCl Doped TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Electrospun Nanofibers

Topic: Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Civil society’s impact on quality of life

The purpose of the article is to analyse the impact of three forms of involvement in organized civil society – as ‘participant’, as ‘member’ and as ‘volunteer’ – on self-assessed quality of life when checking for coherence between the three forms of participation. The article is inspired by both Lim and Putnam’s claim that close social networks around meaningful and identity-bearing activities increase self-assessed quality of life and Stebbins’ claim that life satisfaction is an essential by-product of ‘serious leisure’. This article utilizes data from a digital survey study conducted among adult citizens in Denmark, which 2514 citizens answered. The questionnaire contained a broad range of questions regarding participation in leisure activities, membership in associations, engagement in voluntary work, subjective life-satisfaction, self-assessed health and social background of the respondents. The statistical regression analysis shows a correlation between volunteering in general and self-assessed quality of life, but the correlation is relatively weak. However, the analysis does not show a significant correlation between the quality of life and membership in an association and participation in ‘serious leisure’. Of the other variables included, self-assessed health, in particular, contributes to explaining the variation in the self-assessed quality of life.

Topic: Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Suburban Rail in Poland: Decline at the Dawn of Suburbanization?

A great deal of development of outer-suburban zones was based on steam or electric narrow-gauge light railways. Contrary to main-line practice, these railways were dedicated to suburban traffic with their more frequent services. The number of trains was far from high by modern regional-railway standards: the Kolej Jablonowska had just three return services daily upon opening. A few years later, however, this number had increased to 13. The trains were allowed to travel at 21 km/h outside built-up areas since the rights-of-way were arranged mostly on reserved strips along the roads, with many level crossings. In the early 20th century the only form of frequent suburban service provided by main-line railways were those to the summer resorts. In the Galician capital of Lemberg the small forest suburb of Brzuchowice was served in 1914 by 11 dedicated trains on summer holidays; by comparison in Lemberg and Cracow daily services on any main or branch line numbered only about five.

Topic: transportation and logistics systems
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Brexit Brits Abroad - Episode 5 - About the legal position of UK citizens living in the EU27

In this episode Professor Tamara Hervey and Sarah McCloskey join Michaela to talk about the legal structures that have supported both Britons working, residing and travelling to the EU27 and EU nationals living and working in the United Kingdom. As they discuss, Brexit brings with it legal uncertainty and the possibility that these citizens who had set up their lives based on one legal system—with the related rights, social and tax advantages—face the prospect of becoming third country nationals governed through each country’s migration regimes.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
New Products to Solve Scale Problems

Abstract Scale deposits increase production costs, but scale control is inexpensive. Scale deposits do more than plug equipment and flow lines; they can reduce ultimate recovery from a water flood through plugging formation flow channels. While the mechanisms of scale formations and the methods used to remove scale have been covered already, new materials and techniques have shown some improvement in the efficiency of the removal and control of scale deposits. This paper deals with the use of new converters and liquid inhibitors, giving field experience from both the West Texas and Rocky Mountain regions. Introduction Scale deposition in producing and injection wells is a problem common to most oil producing areas. Much has been written describing its effect on producing operations and economics. Previous papers have examined different aspects of scale formation downhole, including compatibility of waters, temperature and pressure effects and the influence of brine pressure effects and the influence of brine concentration. Also, methods to Predict scaling tendencies have been proposed. Systems to remove scale deposits and inhibit their formation have been developed through the years but new ideas and modern technology are providing improved results. Treatment for removal of gypsum scale is particularly difficult and current work is particularly difficult and current work is being concentrated on this problem. New techniques being used in the West Texas and the Rocky Mountain regions are improving scale treatment results.

Topic: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Plasma beta limits for magnetic annihilation models

Magnetic annihilation occurs when two oppositely directed magnetic fields are brought together by a plasma flow. Several exact nonlinear solutions exist which typically depend on the ratios of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure (the plasma beta), inflow speed to global Alfvén speed (the Alfvén Mach number) and of the advective to diffusive terms of the induction equation (the Lundquist number). Ensuring that the plasma pressure is everywhere positive restricts the freedom of choice of these parameters, however. Restrictions on the plasma beta are derived for the cases of two- and three-dimensional annihilation and two-dimensional reconnective annihilation. At the inflow speeds typically required for fast reconnection in diffuse astrophysical plasmas the minimum plasma beta is several orders of magnitude larger than the observed values of unity or less. In other words, at the observed plasma beta the models are only valid for extremely small annihilation rates.

Topic: Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels: Their Structure, Function, and Physiological Roles

Inwardly rectifying K + (Kir) channels allow K + to move more easily into rather than out of the cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location. There are seven Kir channel subfamilies that can be classified into four functional groups: classical Kir channels (Kir2.x) are constitutively active, G protein-gated Kir channels (Kir3.x) are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors, ATP-sensitive K + channels (Kir6.x) are tightly linked to cellular metabolism, and K + transport channels (Kir1.x, Kir4.x, Kir5.x, and Kir7.x). Inward rectification results from pore block by intracellular substances such as Mg 2+ and polyamines. Kir channel activity can be modulated by ions, phospholipids, and binding proteins. The basic building block of a Kir channel is made up of two transmembrane helices with cytoplasmic NH 2 and COOH termini and an extracellular loop which folds back to form the pore-lining ion selectivity filter. In vivo, functional Kir channels are composed of four such subunits which are either homo- or heterotetramers. Gene targeting and genetic analysis have linked Kir channel dysfunction to diverse pathologies. The crystal structure of different Kir channels is opening the way to understanding the structure-function relationships of this simple but diverse ion channel family.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Population status, distribution and potential threats of the Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) along the Tinau River of Rupandehi District, Nepal

The status and conservation of the Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus is becoming one of the prominent discourses of wildlife research. The study was carried out along the Tinau River at Rupandehi District in western Nepal to ascertain the population status, distribution and potential threats to the Blue Bull. The study was conducted along six transect lines in the forest. A total of 40 Blue Bulls were recorded in different transects. The average group size was five. The average population density was 0.228 Blue Bulls per ha and the sex ratio was 1 male: 3 females. The potential threats of the Blue Bull along the Tinau River were habitat destruction, overgrazing, conflict, flooding and accident.

Topic: Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Vitamin D and Its Relationship with Markers of Bone Metabolism in Healthy Asian Women

Background In this study, we aimed to determine the normal ranges of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D 3 (25‐OHD 3 ), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the markers of bone turnover, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) and C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), in normal healthy women in Singapore, and to explore the relationship between vitamin D, PTH, and these markers of bone turnover in the women. Methods One hundred and ninety‐seven healthy women, aged 25 to 60, were selected from a hospital staff health screening program; 68% were Chinese, 18% Malay, and 14% Indian. P1NP, CTX, and 25‐OHD 3 were measured using the Roche Cobas® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum PTH was measured using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® immunoassay. Results Sixty‐five percent had 25‐OHD 3 concentrations &lt;50 nmol/l. Vitamin D insufficiency (25‐OHD 3 &lt; 50 nmol/l) was more prevalent in Malays (89%) and Indians (82%) compared to Chinese (56%). There was no correlation between vitamin D and age. PTH positively correlated with age, and Malays and Indians had higher PTH concentrations than Chinese. There was an inverse correlation between PTH and 25‐OHD 3 , but no threshold of 25‐OHD 3 concentrations at which PTH plateaued. The bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX inversely correlated with age but were not different between ethnic groups. CTX and P1NP exhibited good correlation, however, there was no significant correlation between 25‐OHD 3 or PTH concentrations and the bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX. Conclusions Healthy women in Singapore have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in Malays and Indians compared to Chinese.

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rotational Doppler Effect and Spin-Rotation Coupling

The Rotational Doppler Effect (RDE) involves both the orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic radiation as well as its helicity. The RDE phenomena associated with photon helicity go beyond the standard theory of relativity. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the theoretical basis of the helicity-dependent RDE in terms of the general phenomenon of spin-rotation coupling. The physical implications of this coupling are briefly pointed out and the nonlocal theory of rotating observers is described. For an observer rotating uniformly about the direction of incidence of a plane wave of definite helicity, the nonlocally measured amplitude of the wave is larger (smaller) if the observer rotates in the same (opposite) sense as the electromagnetic field. The implications of the nonlocal helicity dependence of the measured amplitude of the radiation are briefly discussed.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mineral conversion and microstructure change in the melting process of Shenmu coal ash

Abstract China has rich reserves of Shenmu coal, which has the typical characteristic of low‐melting‐point ash. If used in the pulverized‐coal boiler of a power plant, Shenmu coal would cause serious slagging. In order to solve the slagging problem of Shenmu coal, the melting mechanism of Shenmu coal ash is studied in detail in this paper. One of the Shenmu coals – Wenjialiang coal – was selected for the study. On the basis of thermogravimetry‐differential scanning colorimetry (TG‐DSC) methods, the change of the coal ash's physicochemistry with temperature was studied. The typical temperature points in the melting process were obtained. Ash samples of the different temperature points were prepared in a high‐temperature furnace with parameters similar to those used in the TG‐DSC test, and were then cooled quickly in water. Later, the ash samples were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX) methods in detail. Wenjialiang coal ash started to melt at 980 °C. The ash was found to melt to a great extent at 1200 °C and formed a multiform microstructure. At 1260 °C, it was found to melt into a dense body with many pores, and formed a piece of vitreous body at 1340 °C. Anorthite and gehlenite are the intermediate products that exist between 980 and 1340 °C. They may be the main cause of the ash having low melting points, so that they could convert into a eutectic at low temperatures. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Topic: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences