jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Disappearance of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and O2-Sen- sitive Nonselective Cationic Current in Arterial Myocytes of Rats Under Ambient Hypoxia

ABBREVIATIONS: HPV, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; 2d-H, exposure to hypoxic condicion for two days; CH, chronic hypoxia; TXA2, thromboxane A2; IKv, voltage gated K+ (Kv) current.

Topic: Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sexual Abuse Myths Held by Student Teachers

In an effort to test the prevalence of sexual abuse myths among potential educators, a true/false sexual abuse questionnaire consisting of 60 myths was completed by 191 students in their first or second year of the Bachelor of Education program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. Only five out of the 60 myths (8%) were consistently recognized as false statements by all the students. Furthermore, only 12 students (6%) recognized all the statements were gross overgeneralizations. Those items to which 10 or more per cent of the students responded as true are discussed and some possible reasons for the tenacity of these particular myths are explored. Moskal advocates that student and practicing teachers, administrators, and their school boards are in need of inservice training both on how to recognize the subtle signs of sexual abuse in children and adolescents and to receive the encouragement they need to report it to the proper authorities. Perhaps most importantly, educators cannot even begin to either recognize or report sexual abuse if their own stereotypical myths and biases shroud their perceptions of reality.

Topic: Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean‐Contaminated Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Objective To determine the optimal duration and type of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean‐contaminated resection for head and neck cancer. Data Sources Search strategies were created by a medical librarian, implemented in multiple databases, and completed in June 2016. Review Methods The population of interest was adults ≥18 years undergoing clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, intervention was postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, comparator was duration and types of antibiotics used, outcome was the wound infection rate, and the study design was randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were excluded if not randomized, did not use systemic antibiotics, did not study wound infections, or included children. After excluding duplicates, the search strategy yielded 427 abstracts. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 studies were screened, leaving 19 RCTs for review. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Results Meta‐analysis of 340 patients in 4 RCTs showed that the pooled relative risk of wound infection was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐1.61; P =. 718; I 2 = 0.0%) in patients receiving 1 day vs 5 days of prophylaxis. Conclusion This study provides evidence that there is no difference in the risk of wound infection with 1 day vs 5 days of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, consistent with existing guidelines. Future large randomized trials are needed to more clearly define the appropriate choice of prophylaxis in penicillin‐allergic patients.

Topic: Surgical site infection prevention
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trans-Arctic propagation effects of changes in ice morphology

The objective of the Trans-Arctic Propagation (TAP) experiment carried out in the spring of 1994 was to investigate the feasibility of using acoustic thermometry for inferring changes in the Arctic climate [P. Mikhalevsky, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 1760(A) (1993)]. An important issue is which acoustic property will provide the strongest climate change signature. The sensitivity of various properties of the acoustic field to changes in ice volume was investigated theoretically. A perturbation formulation for 3-D scattering from rough ice has been combined with the kraken normal-mode code to provide a model of the second-order statistics of the acoustic field. Such a hybrid model has been shown to provide excellent agreement with historical Arctic transmission loss data [LePage and Schmidt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1783–1795 (1994)]. We use this model to investigate the sensitivity of deterministic properties of the coherent field, such as modal loss, and modal phase and group velocity, to change in ice thickness and roughness statistics. In addition, the model has been use to investigate the sensitivity to changes in the ice cover of the higher-order statistics such as cross-modal correlation, and spatial correlation in general. Comparing these theoretical sensitivity measures, we discuss the potential performance of both deterministic and statistic acoustic thermometry in the Arctic.

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Attention deficits in alcoholics

Using a new instrument (the thematic test system Corporal) measuring simple and complex functions of attention during the course of alcohol abstinence, 90 patients of alcohol withdrawal clinics were examined. The data suggested a decrease in performance after four weeks from the beginning of abstinence, more significant and longer lasting in younger people than in older ones. After 12 weeks full performance is not yet restored in both age groups. Therefore, for prognostic purposes, it is recommended to measure the course of performance in accordance to the withdrawal treatment by applying suitable testing procedure.

Topic: Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Herbal medicines use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of herbal medicines (HM) use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco, in order to establish an updated inventory of HM consumption and determine the predictive factors of their use in our patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study during three months from March, 2013 to May, 2013 including all diabetic patients consulting at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda. The study included 279 diabetics (200 women and 79 men). The prevalence of HM use was 54.8%. Females were 3.25 times more likely to use HM. All patients did not inform spontaneously their physicians about HM use. More than fifty species belonging to 29 families were used by our population. The five most common HM used were Salvia officinalis (Labiaceae), Trigonella feoenum graecum (Leguminosae), Olea europea (Oleaceae), Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) and Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae). Besides, education level (p = 0.027), menopause (p = 0.027), type 2 diabetes (p = 0.05) and taking both oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin injection (p = 0.043) are significant factors associated with HM use. HM is very common among diabetic patients. There is an urgent need for health education regarding the use of herbs in conjunction with conventional medicines. Clinical and randomized trials may be needed in the future to assess the efficacy and the safety of the reported herbs. Key words: Herbal medicines, medicinal plants, phytotherapy, diabetes, Morocco, complementary and alternative medicine. &nbsp

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Video Abstraction Technolgy

Video abstraction is a concise summary of the video content.Based on the analysis of the video structure and content,it automatically or semiautomatically combines the valuable information collected from the video source in some way.It plays an important role in video analysis and content-based video retrieval.Firstly the state of the art of video abstraction is introduced,then,the conception and classification of this technique are addressed.After that,the relative techniques of key frame and video skims are analyzed.And the evaluation standards of this technique are also discussed.Finally,the authors summarize the existing techniques and identify the areas for future research.

Topic: Video Analysis and Summarization
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Travelling in the Roman Mediterranean : a GIS approach

This thesis applies new methods to understanding and interpreting the structure of the Mediterranean basin through three different specific studies (chapters 5 to 7), each of which applies several different GIS technologies to create a theoretical model of the wind and wave environment of the Mediterranean during the period of the Roman Empire.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The first of these studies the Mediterranean in terms of its geomorphology, and considers possible movement between areas of the Roman Empire.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The second examines the interconnectivity properties between different port locations in the Mediterranean basin using routes between different known locations and spheres of contact.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The third examines the possible movement patterns along a known axis of travel between two documented port locations in the Mediterranean basin.

Topic: Archaeology and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Black children have higher, not lower, risks for ADHD than others

Blacks are at higher risk for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than the general population in the United States, according to a recent study. This conclusion is contrary to DSM‐5 , but it based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The results highlight the need to increased assessment and monitoring among Blacks from different social backgrounds, the researchers conclude, as well as the importance of accurate diagnoses and culturally appropriate care.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[The investigation of lignans from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd et Wils].

A compound was isolated by fractionation of methylene chloride extract of the caulis of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd et Wils. On the basis of its melting point, rotational value, and spectroscopic data, it was identified as (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid. It was shown to have antagonist activity toward platelet activating factor. This is the first evidence for the natural occurrence of an (+) optically active form of dihydroguaiaretic acid.

Topic: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Biodiversity and local government: a reporting and accountability perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to illuminate the disclosure of biodiversity material contained in the reported information of 151 local government authorities (LGAs) in New South Wales, Australia. The introduction of the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (an international treaty to sustain the rich diversity of life on earth) has made the issue of fauna management and monitoring, and the associated requirement for cost-effective information, much more important. As local communities are best placed to make decisions about the protection of their local environments, the content in external reports and other disclosures allows stakeholders to gauge how accountable LGAs are regarding the conservation of biodiversity within their geographical jurisdiction. Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was used to analyze the disclosures of these LGAs. Findings – The results reveal marked differences in the reporting of biodiversity issues. In fact, LGAs in the state of New South Wales (Australia) have been, at best, lukewarm in their disclosure of strategic information relating to biodiversity, particularly in their strategic goals and plans. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the academic literature on biodiversity reporting by investigating existing reporting practices and providing evidence that a universally adopted framework for biodiversity reporting and reporting of local native fauna is required. In particular, the impacts of these practices need to be properly understood for LGAs to provide accountability to their stakeholders.

Topic: Environmental Conservation and Management
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Comparing different muscle activation dynamics using sensitivity analysis

In this paper, we mathematically compared two models of mammalian striated muscle activation dynamics proposed by Hatze and Zajac. Both models are representative of a broad variety of biomechanical models formulated as ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The models incorporate some parameters that directly represent known physiological properties. Other parameters have been introduced to reproduce empirical observations. We used sensitivity analysis as a mathematical tool for investigating the influence of model parameters on the solution of the ODEs. That is, we adopted a former approach for calculating such (first order) sensitivities. Additionally, we expanded it to treating initial conditions as parameters and to calculating second order sensitivities. The latter quantify the non-linearly coupled effect of any combination of two parameters. As a completion we used a global sensitivity analysis approach to take the variability of parameters into account. The method we suggest has numerous uses. A theoretician striving for model reduction may use it for identifying particularly low sensitivities to detect superfluous parameters. An experimenter may use it for identifying particularly high sensitivities to facilitate determining the parameter value with maximised precision.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Direct Transamidation Reactions: Mechanism and Recent Advances

Amides are undeniably some of the most important compounds in Nature and the chemical industry, being present in biomolecules, materials, pharmaceuticals and many other substances. Unfortunately, the traditional synthesis of amides suffers from some important drawbacks, principally the use of stoichiometric activators or the need to use highly reactive carboxylic acid derivatives. In recent years, the transamidation reaction has emerged as a valuable alternative to prepare amides. The reactivity of amides makes their direct reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles difficult; thus, the direct transamidation reaction needs a catalyst in order to activate the amide moiety and to promote the completion of the reaction because equilibrium is established. In this review, we present research on direct transamidation reactions ranging from studies of the mechanism to the recent developments of more applicable and versatile methodologies, emphasizing those reactions involving activation with metal catalysts.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
freiburg.de

In this work we formulate strategic decision models describing when and how many reserved instances should be bought when outsourcing a workload to an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider. Current IaaS providers offer various pricing options for leasing computing resources. When decision makers are faced with the choice and most importantly with uneven workloads, the decision at which time and with which type of computing resource to work is no longer trivial. We present case studies taken from the online services industry and present solution models to solve the various use case problems and compare them. Following a thorough numerical analysis using both real, as well as augmented workload traces in simulations, we found that it is cost efficient to (1) have a balanced portfolio of resource options and (2) avoid commitments in the form of upfront payments when faced with uncertainty. Compared to a simple IaaS benchmark, this allows cutting costs by 20%.

Topic: Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
6698 Trends in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections in children under 5 years in England from 2016 to 2023

<h3>Objectives</h3> Judicious antibiotic prescribing in primary care for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is encouraged, as many RTIs are self-limiting. Despite this, half of all RTI consultations typically result in an antibiotic prescription. Due to changes in healthcare provision during the covid-19 pandemic, general practitioners in England may have increased prescribing behaviour to minimize the risk of bacterial infections in children. Young children in particular may have been more likely to get antibiotics, yet in the absence of an underlying long-term condition, this group is unlikely to have a serious bacterial infection. We aimed to examine trends in antibiotic prescribing in RTIs for children &lt;5 years in England from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2023. <h3>Methods</h3> We used electronic health records from a nationally representative primary care database. Our main outcome was annual antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs, calculated by summing the number of prescriptions given during a RTI consultation divided by the number of days each child was registered with the GP practice for each fiscal year. We also examined the proportion of RTI consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription. <h3>Results</h3> There were 2 894 539 children &lt;5 years registered with a primary care practice during the study period and 960 414 antibiotic prescriptions issued for RTIs. From 2016/2017 – 2019/2020 annual antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs dropped steadily by ~9% per year from 310 per 1000 child-years in 2016/2017 to 237 per 1000 child- years in 2019/2020. In 2020/2021, antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs fell dramatically by 76%, but rates increased to almost pre-pandemic levels in 2021/2022 and continued to rise in 2023. The proportion of children under 5 years who were issued an antibiotic during a RTI consultation was stable from 2016/2017 – 2020/2021 at ~29 per 100 RTI consultations but appears to have a recent upturn. (Compared with pre-pandemic, the number of antibiotic prescriptions issued per RTI consultation increased ~9% in 2021/2022 to 32 per 100 consultations and increased ~34% in 2022/2023 to 39 per 100 consultations.) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Annual antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs dropped during the pandemic against a background of steady decline, but rates are concerningly rising again. The impact of increased antibiotic prescribing for RTIs on antimicrobial resistance and future prescribing patterns needs further monitoring.

Topic: Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Subfield: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Our support workers are very good; but like all staff, they can play up

This paper explores the experiences of two groups of people in relation to their ideas about the role of support workers. The first group were made up of people with learning difficulties who were members of self advocacy organisations across the UK; the second group were advocacy support workers, seemingly employed by people with learning difficulties. The project also aimed to develop inclusive research methods. The research aimed to make sense of the support worker?s role and discover whether or not the meaning and purpose of their role was shared. Findings indicated that the support worker role was contested. People with learning difficulties and their supporters held a number of contradictory views about what support workers should do and how intensive their support should be. There was evidence of effective partnership working as well as examples of peoples? self-determination conflicting with supporter agendas. These inconsistencies appeared to be linked to the theoretical and value positions of the support workers.In the light of the current Government agenda around personalisation (and the call for advocacy support), it is likely that this support role will be enduring and therefore in need of further scrutiny. This papers points to implications for supporters, the people with learning difficulties who employ them and the future direction of self advocacy.

Topic: Healthcare innovation and challenges
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Bengt-Ove Andreassen &amp; James R. Lewis (eds.): Textbook Gods. Genre, Text and Teaching Religious Studies

This contribution offers a review of:Bengt-Ove Andreassen &amp; James R. Lewis (eds.):Textbook Gods. Genre, Text and Teaching Religious StudiesSheffield/Bristol: Equinox, 2014. 256 pages, £55.00/$85.00 (hardback), £18.99/$29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-78179-054-0 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-78179-055-7 (paperback).

Topic: Study and Philosophy of Religion
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
To the study of Hydrorrhoea gravidarum

Having made a review of theories about the origin of fluid in this disease, X. comes to the conclusion that the amniotic cavity also serves as a source of hydrorrhoea gravidarum and is not even particularly rare.

Topic: Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks for analgesia post cesarean section

Sara MC Kelly1, Rajiv K Malhotra21Department of Anesthetics, Russell&amp;amp;#39;s Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK; 2Department of Anesthetics, Liverpool Women&amp;amp;#39;s Hospital, Liverpool, UKIntroduction: Cesarean section is a commonly performed operation and postoperative analgesia is needed so the mother can bond and look after her newborn. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have been shown to improve postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hysterectomies. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for the use of TAP blocks in cesarean sections.Methods: A literature search identified four randomized controlled trials that looked at the use of TAP blocks in cesarean section. Copies were obtained and critically appraised.Results: Four randomized controlled trials were found that looked at the use of TAP blocks in cesarean sections. Two studies showed that TAP blocks reduced the postoperative analgesic requirements of patients compared to a placebo; one paper showed no difference when TAP blocks were used. In a study comparing TAP blocks with subarachnoid morphine, TAP blocks were associated with poorer postoperative pain scores and higher rescue analgesia. There was no consistent local anesthetic dose used amongst the trials. None of the studies revealed any statistically significant side effects from TAP blocks.Discussion: TAP blocks have been shown to offer improved pain relief after cesarean sections when compared to a placebo, but have been shown to be inferior to subarachnoid morphine. Standardization of local anesthetic and dosage may result in an improved evidence base from which to draw clinically relevant conclusions.Keywords: TAP block, cesarean section, regional anesthesia

Topic: Anesthesia and Pain Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences