jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān

Abstract The impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān has long been a matter of debate among scholars, especially among those of the western academe but also within circles of traditional Muslim scholarship. Central to this discussion is the language and audience of the Qur'ān. Studies on the Qur'ān's foreign vocabulary gradually gave way to more in depth analyses on the text's relationship to Syriac Christian literature as well as debates surrounding the Jewish‐Christian dimensions, the text's audience. The textual theories employed in studying the Qur'ān's relationship to the Syriac language and Biblical canon contain the strongest debate concerning the impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān. These textual theories have been given consideration in recent scholarship, which reads the Qur'ān in light of the Aramaic translations of the Gospels, as well as the Syriac translation of the Didascalia Apostolorum .

Topic: Historical and Linguistic Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Early Warning Signs of Imminent Thermoacoustic Oscillations Through Critical Slowing Down

Critical slowing down (CSD) is a phenomenon that is common to many complicated dynamical systems as they approach critical transitions/bifurcations. We demonstrate that pressure signals measured during the onset of thermoacoustic instabilities in a gas turbine engine test exhibit evidence of CSD well before the oscillation amplitude increases. CSD was detected through both the variance and the lag-1 auto-regressive coefficient in a rolling window of the pressure signal. Increasing trends in both metrics were quantified using Kendall's τ, and the robustness and statistical significance of the observed increases were confirmed. Changes in the CSD metrics could be detected several seconds prior to changes in the oscillation amplitude. Hence, real-time calculation of these metrics holds promise as early warning signals of impending thermoacoustic instabilities.

Topic: Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification and Estimation of Risk Aversion in First Price Auctions With Unobserved Auction Heterogeneity

We extent the point-identification result in Guerre, Perrigne, and Vuong (2009) to environments with one-dimensional unobserved auction heterogeneity. We also show a robustness result for the case where the exclusion restriction used for point identification is violated: We provide conditions to ensure that the primitives recovered under the violated exclusion restriction still bound the true primitives in this case. We propose a new Sieve Maximum Likelihood Estimator, show its consistency and illustrate its finite sample performance in a Monte Carlo experiment. We investigate the bias in risk aversion estimates if unobserved auction heterogeneity is ignored and explain why the sign of the bias depends on the correlation between the number of bidders and the unobserved auction heterogeneity. In an application to USFS timber auctions we find that the bidders are risk neutral, but we would reject risk neutrality without accounting for unobserved auction heterogeneity.

Topic: Auction Theory and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Hypertrophia Musculorum Vera in Familial Ataxia

A kindred with dominantly inherited ataxia demonstrated hypertrophia musculorum vera as a phenotypic feature of the disease. The proband had fasciculations, cramps, absent sensory nerve action potentials, an increased creatine kinase level, dramatic enlargement of calf muscles, and a muscle biopsy specimen showing denervation accompanied by true muscle fiber hypertrophy; ataxia and other clinical signs of spinocerebellar degeneration were also present. Other family members displayed progressive ataxia and calf muscle enlargement to varying degrees. Though peroneal atrophy is a more common feature of the familial ataxias, some kindreds may have muscle enlargement simulating the pseudohypertrophy of muscular dystrophy that is due instead to denervation-induced compensatory individual fiber hypertrophy.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Site‐Specific Recombination by the Flp Protein of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

This chapter reviews the biochemical, mechanistic, and topological aspects of the Flp system with special emphasis on the contributions made by the Flp protein subunits and the target DNA to the individual steps of the recombination pathway. It illustrates how Flp recombination fits into the global physicochemical paradigm followed by the integrase/tyrosine family recombinases, while still retaining features that are strikingly different from other members of the family. The chapter then discusses how the Flp active site provides a model for the emergence of complex active sites from elementary active sites under the functional constraints faced by biological catalysts during their evolution. Next, it alludes to some of the applications of Flp in yeast and in extraneous host systems. Researchers conclude by considering potential mechanisms for Flp regulation in vivo to rapidly commission or decommission the amplification machine as demanded by the copy-number status of the 2μm plasmid. The DNA-protein interactions are mediated through both major and minor grooves. An impressive application of Flp in eukaryotes has been the creation of mosaic flies in Drosophila by site-specific recombination between homologous chromosomes. Aside from its natural role in the physiology of the 2μm plasmid, Flp has been used to perform many artificial functions in its native host Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
STUDY OF THE STATE AND THE DEVELOPMENT TENDS OF THE WATER TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

The analysis of the state of water transport enterprises has been studied, tends of development thereof in the modern management environment are identified. The maritime and river freight and passenger market are evaluated to identify the prevailing trends in the industry. The information base of the study consisted of the statistical materials, as well as the achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the functioning and prospects of water transport development. The volumes and structure of freight and passenger carriage by maritime and river transportation are given, the carriage is analyzed by type of freight, and the comparison study of logistics development in different countries of the world is conducted. It has been established that the identified trends of water transport enterprises development do not correspond to the available potential opportunities. It has been proved that the efficiency of functioning of maritime and river freight and passenger market depends to a large extent on the organization of the logistics sector. In this paper the comparison study of the Logistics Efficiency Index (LPI) in different countries was conducted, which index convincingly proves the need to develop the transport and logistics infrastructure of water transport enterprises. In this paper there have been identified the main destabilizing factors of impact on the effective functioning of the water transport enterprises, the assessment of which allows forming the main directions of development for the economic entities in the industry as an important factor of integration of our country into the world economic area. It is suggested to pay attention to the formation of active strategic interaction of the water transport enterprises in the further scientific researches with the purpose to provide powerful strategic potential of development and high level of competitiveness thereof in the transport service market.

Topic: Economic and Business Development Strategies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
472 Clinical Evidence of Burn Wound Infection in the Pediatric Population: A Quality-Improvement Initiative

In order to provide appropriate burn care to the pediatric population, our pediatric burn center has a sedation program in place. Whilst some patients are sedated for burn wound treatment at the initial presentation, others have it done in up to 72 hours postburn. It is not clear whether the timing of the first burn wound treatment has an influence on the rate of infection. Thus, the objective of this quality-improvement project was to assess the infection rates of pediatric burn patients that underwent the initial procedure on presentation or up to 72 hours later. The health records of 160 pediatric burn patients who received acute burn care at our pediatric burn center between July 2017 and June 2018 were reviewed in this quality-improvement study. Patients were divided into two groups: “immediate” if the first burn wound treatment occurred at presentation, and “delayed” if it was done between 24 and 72 hours postburn. Infection occurring between presentation and complete healing of wounds or skin grafts was defined by the presence of one or more of the following signs or symptoms: hyperemia, increasing pain, lymphangitis, fever, purulent discharge, malaise, anorexia, hyperglycemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia. The infection rates and the relative risk were calculated and the Pearson Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The average age was 39.7 months and 105/160 (65.6%) sustained scald burns. Twenty-six patients (16.2%) had a diagnosis of infection. In the immediate group, 11/80 patients (13.8%) showed signs of infection, whilst 15/80 patients (18.8%) satisfied the infection criteria in the delayed group. The relative risk of infection in the immediate group was 0.73, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). We can conclude that there was no difference between the infection rates of patients who received the first wound treatment in an immediate way, as compared to those who underwent the procedure between 24 and 72 hours postburn. A larger study based on this project is being conducted to support its findings. If the additional resources allocated for prompt sedation programs can be avoided, our and other burn centers may eliminate additional costs without detriment to the patients.

Topic: Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Different Method in the Treatment of Placenta Previa: A Comparison of Lower Uterine Segment Transverse Suture Technique and Bakri Balloon Application

Objective: The incidence of placenta previa (PP) has been increasing due to the rise in cesarean rates. The aim of this study is to determine the success of lower uterine segment compression suture and bakri balloon applications in patients diagnosed with placenta previa. Materials and Methods: 257 patients who underwent cesarean section due to placenta previa totalis (PPT) between the years of 2010-2018 in Ondokuz Mayis University were screened retrospectively. The patients were evaluated in four groups according to their treatment method: medical treatment, bakri balloon application, compression suture and hysterectomy. Results: In the study, between the years 2010-2015, postpartum hysterectomy was performed in the cases of adherent placenta previa, and hysterectomy was performed in 33 patients. Between the years of 2015-2018, first, bakri balloon or compression suture was applied; and if bleeding control was not achieved despite these, then, hysterectomy was performed. Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 27 patients underwent compression suture and 1 patient had a hysterectomy after all. The success rate was 96.3% with compression suture and 91.7% for bakri balloon application. Totally, 24 patients were treated with bakri balloon and yet, two patients underwent hysterectomy. When all the cases were examined, complications caused by urinary bladder and ureteral injury were seen in 5.6% of patients, and all of these complications were also seen in hysterectomy patients. Conclusion: Lower uterine segment transverse suture technique and bakri balloon application should be considered as a good alternative to prevent hysterectomy in patients with placenta previa totalis. In addition, they are effective treatment methods that can be used without increasing maternal morbidity.

Topic: Maternal and fetal healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Spin Dynamics in the Antiferromagnetic Oxypnictides and Fluoropnictides: LaMnAsO, LaMnSbO, and BaMnAsF

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) from polycrystalline antiferromagnetic LaMnAsO, LaMnSbO, and BaMnAsF are analyzed using a $J_1-J_2-J_c$ Heisenberg model in the framework of the linear spin-wave theory. All three systems show clear evidence that the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions within the Mn square lattice layer ($J_1$ and $J_2$) are both antiferromagnetic (AFM). However, for all compounds studied the competing interactions have a ratio of $2J_2/J_1 &lt; 1$, which favors the square lattice checkerboard AFM structure over the stripe AFM structure. The inter-plane coupling $J_c$ in all three systems is on the order of $\sim 3\times10^{-4}J_1$, rendering the magnetic properties of these systems with quasi-two-dimensional character. The substitution of Sb for As significantly lowers the in-plane exchange coupling, which is also reflected in the decrease of the N{é}el temperature, $T_{\rm N}$. Although BaMnAsF shares the MnAs sheets as LaMnAsO, their $J_1$ and $J_2$ values are substantially different. Using density functional theory, we calculate exchange parameters $J_{ij}$ to rationalize the differences among these systems.

Topic: Iron-based superconductors research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Force Distribution Sensor Based on Externally Observable Three-Dimensional Shape Deformation Information

Recent developments in segmentation and inexpensive RGBD cameras make it possible to easily perform object shape extraction. This enables a new principle for externally observable force sensors, in contrast to traditional force detection that relies on contact-based displacement measurements. Among the sensors that estimate force from visual inputs, those using machine learning methods based on experimentally generated data have the possibility to outperform other visual sensors. However, the existing models have very limited applicability due to their low adaptability to environmental changes and their capacity for only single-point estimation. Therefore, in this letter, the authors propose and verify a method that can flexibly respond to environmental changes and estimate force at multiple points in three dimensions. The authors conducted a demonstration experiment and confirmed that estimation was possible with an error of approximately 20%. Observation-type force sensors are expected to enable a variety of applications that are difficult to achieve with conventional sensors, such as sensing people in living environments and the development of sensing robots.

Topic: Robot Manipulation and Learning
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptors [34]) receptors are activated by the endogenous peptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone, a 41 amino-acid peptide, urocortin 1, 40 amino-acids, urocortin 2, 38 amino-acids and urocortin 3, 38 amino-acids. CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are activated non-selectively by CRH and UCN. CRF2 receptors are selectively activated by UCN2 and UCN3. Binding to CRF receptors can be conducted using radioligands [125I]Tyr0-CRF or [125I]Tyr0-sauvagine with Kd values of 0.1-0.4 nM. CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are non-selectively antagonized by α-helical CRF, D-Phe-CRF-(12-41) and astressin. CRF1 receptors are selectively antagonized by small molecules NBI27914, R121919, antalarmin, CP 154,526, CP 376,395. CRF2 receptors are selectively antagonized by antisauvagine and astressin 2B.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Difference in cognitive emotional regulation strategies used by mothers with conflict and barrier personal meaning of child's illness

Introduction A number of studies have noted a high level of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers bringing up children with burn injury. The emergence of such symptoms show high importance of child's disease situation to mother and suggests the formation of a special personal meaning of child's illness for mother (conflict or barrier). The aim of this study is to describe specific patterns of mothers responding on the situation of the child burn injuries : special cognitive emotion regulation strategies and personal meaning of illness. Methods Clinical interview to assess personal meaning of illness, State Trait Anxiety Inventor, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Participants Twenty-eight mothers (aged between 22 to 43 years), children received burn 5-7 days ago ; 2 mothers (aged between 24 to 37 years), children had burns over a year ago. Results We found a strong correlation between using certain strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and different personal meaning of child's illness : mothers with a conflict meaning characterized by using of « Rumination » and « Self-Blame » strategies ; mothers with barrier meaning – « Refocus on planning ». This connection is maintained throughout the child's illness and does not depend on medical specialties. A number of strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are used by all mothers at different stages of the child's illness, regardless of the mother's personal meaning of illness : immediately after injury the most popular strategies are “Catastrophizing” and « Self-Blame » ; in the long-term rehabilitation – « Putting into perspective » is the most common one. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
LHD TESPEL #54613.1

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.

Topic: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Non-Traditional Security Threats in South Asia

Every day, at some place or the other, people are killed, starved, raped, confined, displaced etc. There are problems of racial and communal violence, caste discrimination and violation of human rights. There are also threats arising from across borders, like war, terrorism, transnational organised crimes, nuclear holocaust etc. There is scarcity of basic necessities like nutritious food, potable water, shelter, proper medical care etc. There are also threats like degradation of environment, rising global temperatures and climate change. All these are causing severe threat to mankind on one hand and on the other, to the nature, thus making this world insecure. A broader understanding of the concept of security shallhelp in addressing these issues.This paper has made an attempt to discuss security and security threats which are nontraditional in nature and particularly those to which South Asian nations are prone.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Radiation transmission, leakage and beam penumbra measurements of a micro‐multileaf collimator using GafChromic EBT film

Micro‐multileaf collimator systems coupled to linear accelerators for radioneurosurgery treatments require a rigorous dosimetric characterization in order to be used in 3D conformal and intensity modulated stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy applications. This characterization involves high precision measurements of leaf transmission, leakage and beam penumbra through the collimation system and requires the use of detectors with high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and practically no energy dependence. In this work the use of GafChromic EBT radiochromic film to measure the basic dosimetric properties of the m3‐mMLC (BrainLAB, Germany) micro‐multileaf collimator system integrated to a 6 MV linear accelerator, is reported. Results show that average values of transmission and leakage radiation are and , respectively. The 80–20% beam penumbra were found to be along the leaf side (perpendicular to leaf motion) and along the leaf end (parallel to leaf motion) using square field sizes ranging from 9.1 to 1.8 cm. These measurements are in agreement with values reported in the literature for the same type of mMLC using different radiation detectors. PACS number: 87.56.N‐

Topic: Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Students and Teachers Perceptions of Physics Practical Work in Secondary Schools in Kakamega East Sub – County, Kenya

In the last ten years, the Kenya national examination council (KNEC) has reported unsatisfactory performance in the physics practical paper 232/3 despite the enthusiasm for practical work among the teachers of physics. In its recent annual report (KNEC, 2011), the national mean scores in practical papers for years 2007,2008,2009, 2010 and  2011 were 25.85, 23.92, 22.37,22.24, and 15.22 respectively. The figures listed above are a clear indication that practical work in physics is not yielding the much anticipated results. It is in view of this observation that the present study was initiated in Kakamega east Sub County to establish the reasons for the current trends in the use of practical work in the teaching and learning of physics. The purpose of this study was to assemble, organize, scrutinize, analyze and interpret the students and teachers perceptions of physics practical work. In this study, a sample of 100 students and 20 teachers of physics drawn from fifteen public secondary schools by simple random method were used. A questionnaire was used to collect the raw data for this study. A pilot study for this study was conducted in two public secondary schools to establish the reliability of the research tool. The reliability of the tool was calculated using cronbach’s alpha formula and found to be 0.73. The information collected in the study was presented by use of frequency tables and analysed using percentages. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the students and teachers viewed practical work as a series of investigations that requires good organization and familiarizes students with apparatus and enables them to learn by doing. It is hoped that the findings of this study will go along way in informing teachers of physics and curriculum developers. The findings of this study will be used by curriculum developers to review the current curriculum and make the necessary changes in line with the best practices.

Topic: Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences