jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The beginning of pattern formation in the<i>Drosophila</i>compound eye: the morphogenetic furrow and the second mitotic wave

ABSTRACT Events in the morphogenetic furrow set the stage for all subsequent compound eye development in Drosophila. The periodic pattern of the adult eye begins in the furrow with the spaced initiation of ommatidial rudi- ments, the preclusters. A wave of mitosis closely follows the furrow. A cell-by-cell analysis reveals details of these events. Early stages of ommatidial assembly can be resolved using a lead sulfide stain. Overt ommatidial organization begins in the morphogenetic furrow as cells gather into periodically spaced concentric aggregates. A stereotyped sequence of cell rearrangements converts these aggre- gates into preclusters. In the furrow, new rows of ommatidia are initiated at the equator and grow as new clusters are added to the peripheral ends. Mitotic labeling using BrdU feeds shows that all cells not incorporated into a precluster divide. BrdU injec- tions show that cells divide roughly simultaneously between two adjacent rows of ommatidia.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Reaction of Imidazoline-2-Selone with Acids and Its Use for Selective Coordination of Platinum Ions on Silica Surface

A new and efficient system for the selective recovery of platinum ions from conventional cheap transition metal mixtures was developed. We found that the selone is reactive toward the conventional acids. Mesoporous silica functionalized by reaction of selone showed excellent selectivity to platinum ions among various transition metal ions.

Topic: Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
TELEMEDICINE TRENDS IN THREE NURSING HOMES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Abstract Physical distancing and visiting restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges in providing timely medical care in nursing homes. The rising number of new COVID-19 cases created hardship in providing scheduled and non-urgent care visits. Virtual visits were pivotal in providing patient care. However, the additional responsibility of facilitating virtual visits for both social and clinical purposes further constrained the ability of nursing home staff to provide care. The critical deficiency of the workforce, rising numbers of new cases, and required triage of patients have been significant barriers to regularly scheduled care. We hypothesize that regular non-COVID-19 services in the evaluated nursing home facilities were lower than COVID-19 visits during this period. Our goal is to show the types of services affected during the pandemic. In this study, we analyzed 563 virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in three nursing home facilities in Michigan from December 2020 through February 2022. Upon analyzing the types of services and trends, our results revealed that the number of COVID-19 related visits (68) was significantly lower than non-COVID-19 related visits (485), refuting our hypothesis. This illustrates that routine care could still be delivered during the pandemic. Additionally, the overall number of virtual visits declined steadily over the study period. This trend could suggest an increase of in-person services or a decrease in COVID-19 cases. The decline could also be related to the barriers faced by the nursing home workforce considering the time and additional responsibility of monitoring a virtual visit.

Topic: Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
PELAKSANAAN EKSEKUSI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18/PUU-XVII/2019 DI PT PEGADAIAN KANTOR WILAYAH II KOTA PEKANBARU

In line with the government's program to encourage lending to small businesses and the weak economic class which is the largest part of the Indonesian people. So it is expected that with credit based on fiduciary system can help both credit recipients and creditors. One of the parameters of a good material debt guarantee is when the right of guarantee can be executed quickly with a simple, efficient process and contains legal certainty. The specific target of this study is to explain the problem solving about the implementation of Fiduciary Guarantee Object Execution Based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 at PT Pegadaian KantorWilayah II Pekanbaru City.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Study of Outcomes Following Cochlear Implantation in Children under Adip Scheme-an Indian Experience

Over the last few years cochlear implantation has become the important treatment modality for children with severe to profound sensory neural hearing loss [1-4]. Inspite of dramatic improvement in cochlear implantation, various other factors decide the final result and outcome of implantation [5].

Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Distinct mechanisms involving diacylglycerol, ceramides, and inflammation underlie insulin resistance in oxidative and glycolytic muscles from high fat-fed rats

Abstract This study investigated whether oxidative and glycolytic skeletal rat muscles respond differently to a high-fat (HF) sucrose-enriched diet with respect to diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides accumulation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, glucose metabolism, and the expression of inflammatory genes. HF diet (8 weeks) suppressed insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and epitrochlearis (Epit) muscles. However, DAG and ceramides levels increased in Sol and EDL, but not in Epit muscles of HF-fed rats. Additionally, membrane-bound PKC-delta and PKC-theta increased in Sol and EDL, whereas in Epit muscles both PKC isoforms were reduced by HF diet. In Epit muscles, HF diet also increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptors (CD40 and FAS), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-kB), whereas in Sol and EDL muscles the expression of these inflammatory genes remained unchanged upon HF feeding. In conclusion, HF diet caused DAG and ceramides accumulation, PKC activation, and the induction of inflammatory pathways in a fiber type-specific manner. These findings help explain why oxidative and glycolytic muscles similarly develop insulin resistance, despite major differences in their metabolic characteristics and responsiveness to dietary lipid abundance.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The outbreak of the Irish rebellion of 1641. By Michael Perceval-Maxwell. Pp xv, 390. Dublin: Gill &amp; Macmillan. 1994. IR£35.

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Topic: Historical Studies of British Isles
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Early report on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at Owerri, Nigeria

Objectives: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-established endoscopic procedure that is used predominantly to create enteral access for feeding. Its use has not been widespread in Nigeria despite its efficacy. This study is done to review the early experiences in the use of PEG in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri and Carez Clinic, Owerri. Material and Methods: This is a 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who had PEG from January 2015 to December 2018. The indications, complications, and outcomes of the procedure were analyzed. Results: A total of 13 patients had pull-type gastrostomy during this period. Six (46.1%) patients had the procedure on account of neurologic disorders, 4 (30.8%) patients had esophageal tumors, while 3 (23.1%) patients had esophageal motility disorders. The overall success rate for PEG tube placement was 100%. The most common complication was superficial skin infection 30.8% (4/13). No mortality was attributable to the procedure. Conclusion: PEG is still not commonly done in our setting, but it is a relatively safe procedure. Physicians should be encouraged to offer it to our teeming patients with neurologic disorders who may benefit from it.

Topic: Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
No Space of their Own: Young People and Social Control in Australia

Figures and tables Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part I. Youth Policy and the New Vocationalism: The Adolescent Generation and the State: 1. Young people and policy: priority one? 2. Skills, youth training and a reconstructed Australia 3. Back to school and minimalist education Part II. Youth Crime, Moral Panics and Public Order: Media Images, the 'Youth Problem' and Social Regulation: 4. Car theft and the crime of no space 5. Young people, law and the street 6. Youth services and the role of 'soft cops' 7. Conclusion: control, space and rebellion References Index.

Topic: Homelessness and Social Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Testing the association between thyroid dysfunction and psychiatric diagnostic group in an iodine-deficient area

Objective: To test the association between thyroid dysfunction and psychiatric diagnostic group in a large sample of consecutive patients, while controlling for the effects of age, sex, medication and concomitant medical conditions. Methods: We compared the distribution of psychiatric diagnostic groups according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10), and of selected psychopathological symptoms in 100 newly admitted psychiatric patients who had genuine thyroid disease and 92 psychiatric patients who had nonspecific alterations of thyroid function with the corresponding items for the whole group of admitted patients ( n = 1134) during the observation period. This analysis was then repeated using an age-matched and sex-matched comparison group selected from all admitted patients in a random order. Results: When all admitted patients were considered, the presence of a genuine thyroid disorder was associated with the diagnosis of a mood disorder (ICD-10 category F3). This effect was no longer detectable when the age-matched and sex-matched comparison group was used, indicating a simple effect of these 2 variables. Nonspecific alterations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were associated with the ICD-10 diagnostic group F4 (neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders), with demographic variables being similar in this subgroup to those of all admitted patients. These patients also tended to display more symptoms of a mild depressive syndrome. When only patients with nonspecifically decreased TSH concentrations were tested, these findings could not be reproduced. Nonspecifically decreased concentrations of thyroxine and free thyroxine index were found significantly more often in the diagnosis group F1 (mental disorder due to substance use), reflecting results for alcohol-dependent patients. This result could not be replicated using an age-matched and sex-matched control group. Conclusion: In newly admitted psychiatric patients with genuine thyroid disease, there was no notable association of thyroid disease and major psychiatric diagnostic groups according to ICD-10, especially depression. This argues against the hypothesis of thyroid disorders being a major risk factor for psychiatric illnesses. Nonspecific alterations of TSH were more frequently seen in patients of diagnostic group F4 and with mild depressive syndromes, possibly representing an altered influence of stress-regulating systems on thyroid function.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
HELICONIA: RHIZOME PROPAGATION, SHOOTING AND CLUMP AREA

Heliconia cultivation is rapidly expanding in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region. Usually, Heliconia rhizomes are directly transplanted to the field, which has been causing a high percentage of mortality, low shooting rates, and a long time to produce new shoots, depending on the genotype. This paper presents information on rhizome viability (RV), number of shoots per clump (NSC) during one year, and area occupied per clump (APC). The evaluations were carried out at the Heliconia Germplasm Collection of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Camaragibe - PE, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with 30 treatments (genotypes) and 4 replications. The plant spacing was 3.0 m between plants in the rows and 4.0 m between rows. Differences between cultivars and hybrids of Heliconia species were observed from the analyzed traits, especially for RV. Depending on the genotypes, shoot production was observed before 46 days after planting (DAP) or only after 100 DAP. NSC varied from 1.00 to 4.00 at 108 DAP and from 9.40 to 69.25 at 365 DAP. Short Heliconia genotypes such as H. × nickeriensis and H. psittacorum cultivars and hybrids had a larger NSC and APC than medium to tall Heliconia genotypes. The APC evaluation indicated that the use of the same plant spacing for all different Heliconia genotypes is inappropriate and can lead to future problems in plant management. These results indicate that the possibility of success in plant breeding management depends on the selection of genotypes with adequate values for these traits.

Topic: Growth and nutrition in plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Consumers' Synesthesia Experience Enhances Consumption Behavior: The Impact of Distributed Lighting Design in Shopping Center

China's shopping centres are facing the challenge of fierce stock competition, and they are using a variety of competitive differentiation strategies and approaches to attract consumers and seek development. Therefore, the study focuses on the impact of distributed lighting in public spaces of shopping centres on consumer behaviour from the perspectives of lighting effects and customer diversion, and explores an important expression to enhance the attractiveness to consumers. This study used the statistical analysis method of quantitative research to obtain data from 607 participants through a non-random sampling method in order to explore the relationship and impact between distributed lighting design, association and consumer behaviour in the public areas of shopping centres. The study found that consumers' associative experience in the public areas of shopping centres exerted a significant mediating effect on the influence of light guide design on consumer behaviour, and the mediating effect contributed 61.11% to the total effect. This study pioneered the introduction of the associative effect into the study of consumer behaviour, thereby constructing a strong link between lighting design and consumer behaviour in shopping centres. Practical implications, limitations and areas for further research are also given.

Topic: Color perception and design
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Itasina filifolia (BOL0249863)

<b>Kingdom: </b>Plantae<br><b>Division: </b>Magnoliophyta<br><b>Class: </b>Eudicots<br><b>Order: </b>Apiales<br><b>Family: </b>Apiaceae<br><b>Scientific name: </b>Itasina filifolia (Thunb.) Raf. <br><b>Specimen barcode: </b>BOL0249863

Topic: Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adrenergic mechanisms in control of plasma lipid concentrations.

The mechanisms of the changes in plasma lipids concentrations observed after beta-blockade were examined in 53 patients with hypertension receiving treatment with atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and oxprenolol in a randomised cross-over trial. Significant increases in mean plasma total and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and reductions in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and free fatty acids concentrations wer observed with all four drugs, the increase in plasma triglyceride concentration being greatest after propranolol and oxprenolol. No significant changes were observed in total of LDL cholesterol concentrations, but HDL:LDL ratios and HDL cholesterol as a proportion of total cholesterol fell significantly. Thus plasma lipid concentrations should be monitored after three to six months of long-term treatment. Changes in triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and free fatty acid concentrations were associated with a highly significant reduction in clearance of soya oil (Intralipid) in 25 patients studied but were unrelated to changes in blood pressure. The fall in HDL cholesterol and rise in free fatty acid concentrations were significantly less in those with initially reduced HDL cholesterol or raised free fatty acid concentrations respectively. It is proposed that unopposed alpha stimulation inhibits lipoprotein lipase with a subsequent rise in plasma triglyceride and fall in HDL cholesterol concentration. Analysis of the relation between pretreatment concentrations and subsequent changes suggests that excessive alpha stimulation may impair production of HDL cholesterol in those with low HDL cholesterol concentrations before treatment. Subtle catecholamine-mediated changes in plasma lipid concentrations might provide a mechanism for the relation between stress and the development of cardiovascular events.

Topic: Fatty Acid Research and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Physical Activity and Exercise for Men with Late Onset Hypogonadism

=A bstract = Late onset hypogonadism (LOH, also referred to as age-associated testosterone deficiency syndrome, TDS) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by symptoms and a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. It may result in a significantly reduced quality of life and adversely affect the function of multiple organ systems. Although the treatment of LOH is primarily based on hormone replacement, other treatment modalities (medical or non-medical treatment) can also be considered for various accompanying symptoms. The efficacy of exercise in the treatment of LOH has already been evaluated in several studies, and many of them show beneficial effects for some specific symptoms and diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between exercise and plasma testosterone levels, and the potential beneficial effects of exercise for each specific symptom of LOH, and finally to consider the appropriate exercise treatment for LOH.

Topic: Hormonal and reproductive studies
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of Biochar Applied in Either Rice or Wheat Seasons on the Production and Quality of Wheat and Nutrient Status in Paddy Profiles

In a rice–wheat rotation system, biochar (BC) applied in different crop seasons undergoes contrast property changes in the soil. However, it is unclear how aged BC affects the production and quality of wheat and the nutrent status in a soil profile. In the present soil column experiment, the effects of no nitrogen (N) fertilizer and BC addition (control), N fertilizer (N420) and BC (5 t ha−1) applied at rice [N420 + BC(R)], or wheat [N420 + BC(W)] seasons at a same rate of N fertilizer (420 kg ha−1 yr−1) on yield and quality of wheat as well as the nutrient contents of soil profiles (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm) were observed. The results showed that N420 + BC(W) significantly reduced NH4+-N content in 5–10 and 10–20 cm soils by 62.1% and 36.2%, respectively, compared with N420. In addition, N420 + BC(W) significantly reduced NO3−-N contents by 17.8% and 40.4% in 0–5 and 20–30 cm profiles, respectively, but N420 + BC(R) slightly increased them. The BC applied in wheat season significantly increased the 0–5 and 40–50 cm soil total N contents (24.0% and 48.1%), and enhanced the 30–40 and 40–50 cm soil-available phosphorus contents (48.2 and 35.75%) as well as improved the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil-available potassium content (38.1% and 57.5%). Overall, our results suggest that N420 + BC(W) had stronger improving effects on soil fertility than N420 + BC(R). Compared to N420, there was a significant 5.9% increase in wheat grain yield, but no change in total amino acids in wheat kernels in N420 + BC(W). Considering the responses of soil profile nutrient contents as well as wheat yield and quality to BC application in different crop seasons, it is more appropriate to apply BC in wheat season. Our results could provide a scientific basis for the ideal time to amend BC into the rice–wheat rotation system, in order to achieve more benefits of BC on crop production and soil fertility.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Severe head injury: prehospital and emergency department management.

Head trauma causes approximately 75,000 deaths each year in the United States. Both hypoxia and hypovolemia are individual predictors of poor outcome in the patient with severe head trauma. Management begins in the field and is focused on ensuring oxygenation and maintaining a blood pressure that supports cerebral perfusion. In the trauma center, intracranial pressure monitoring may be helpful in guiding the management of increased intracranial pressure. Mannitol, given in intermittent bolus infusions, is the therapy of choice for increased intracranial pressure. Hyperventilation has been shown to decrease cerebral perfusion and should be avoided; it is a temporizing procedure that is reserved for those cases that demonstrate signs of increased intracranial pressure pending initiation of other therapies.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Prison gangs in South Africa: A description

Very little has been reported on prison gangs outside the United States of America and, judging from the available literature, prison gangs may be mistaken for a particularly American phenomenon. However, the non-reporting of the phenomenon in other countries does not necessarily preclude its existence in those countries. Prison gangs occur in parts of the South African prison system, particularly among Black and Coloured males in maximum security institutions. In order to make material available for cross-cultural or cross-national analyses, the origins of South African ‘number’ gangs are traced and the structure and functions of the gangs described. Some comparisons are drawn with American counterparts. It is tentatively concluded that the ‘deprivation’ (functional) model on patterns of response to imprisonment (or prisoner subculture) is too limited to explain the origin of prison gangs and that the ‘importation’ model is more appropriate. However, the closed paradigm (functional) perspective may be useful in explaining the maintenance of gangs in prison.

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences