jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of immersion of larvae in oestradiol-17β on feminization, structural changes of gonad and growth performance in the Far Eastern catfish <i>Silurus asotus</i> (Linnaeus)

Immersion of 1-day-old Silurus asotus (Linnaeus) larvae in 50, 100 or 200 μg L−1 oestradiol-17β for 15 days altered gonad differentiation and gonadal morphology. The survival of the group immersed at the highest dose (200 μg L−1) was reduced significantly (86%), whereas survival of the groups immersed at the lower doses was as high as that of untreated controls (94%). The sex ratio of the untreated group was close to 1:1 (female–male); however, the incidence of females was significantly higher in groups immersed in doses of 50, 100 and 200 μg L−1, i.e. 86%, 92% and 99.4%, respectively. Ovarian morphology of feminized individuals was different to that of the controls; the ovary was morphologically rather similar to testis although it contained fully matured oocytes. Morphological changes in genital organs were also noted in fish exposed to oestradiol-17β the shape and size of genital papilla were intermediate between those of normal male and female. During a 4-month growth trial after the exposure, the feminized fish showed significantly improved growth performance over normal genetic males (P < 0.05), although the growth was not equal to that of normal genetic females (P < 0.05).

Topic: Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Methodologies for Economic Evaluation of Wetlands and Wetland Functioning

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definition and Classification of Wetlands and Wetland Benefits Social Welfare and Wetland Assessment Sustainable Economic Development as a Policy Objective Risk, Uncertainty and Threshold Effects Categories of Economic Value Combining Economics and Wetlands Science Systems Analysis and Dynamics: Environmental Change Scenarios Practical Issues of Economic Valuation Evaluation from a Dynamic Systems Perspective Integrated Ecological-Economic Modelling of Wetlands Towards an Integrated Framework for Wetland Ecosystem Indicators Conclusions Endnote References

Topic: Economic and Environmental Valuation
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Clostridial Endophthalmitis After Cornea Transplantation—Florida, 2003

Endophthalmitis is a severe condition caused by inflammation of the ocular cavity that often is associated with infection of the internal structures of the eye. The source of infection can include bacteria disseminated through the bloodstream and contamination of the cornea at the time of ocular surgery or trauma. Complications include rapid, reversible vision loss that can progress quickly to panophthalmitis, requiring surgical removal of the eye. Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus found in soil and bowel flora, is an infrequent cause of endophthalmitis. Although the majority of cases are caused by penetrating injury with soil-contaminated foreign bodies, C. perfringens endophthalmitis has been reported in patients after cataract surgery. This report describes two cases of C. perfringens endophthalmitis that occurred within 24 hours after transplant of contaminated corneas. These cases demonstrate the potential for transmission of Clostridium infection from donor to recipient. Clinicians should be aware of potential infection risks associated with transplantation of corneal tissues and report any infections to the appropriate eye bank.

Topic: Ocular Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Preparation of Multifunctional Drug‐loaded Microcapsules with Core‐shell Three‐dimensional Network Structure and their Application in Colon Targeted Release

Abstract Some special oral drugs may cause adverse reactions and degrade in the stomach; therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of multifunctional drug delivery carries to deal with such issues. Herein, by polyelectrolyte composite method using KGM and CS as raw material, CKGM/CS/TPP/5‐ASA microcapsules are prepared using 5‐ASA as model drug, and then coated with an acid‐resistant polyacrylic acid polymer layer. The size of CKGM/CS/TPP/5‐ASA microcapsules is relatively uniform, with average particle size 1.78 ± 0.02 mm. The inner part of microcapsules has a core‐shell three‐dimensional network structure, and the 5‐ASA embedded in the network is in its crystal form. The microcapsules exhibited good encapsulate properties, with 495.5 µg mg −1 drug loading amount and 82.3% encapsulation efficiency under optimized conditions. The in vitro release properties of microcapsules are also studied, and results showed that the drug is released little in Simulated Gastric Fluid solution (pH 1.2) but fully released in Simulated Colonic Fluid or Phosphate Buffered Solution (pH 7.0), and the release rate is higher in SCF solution, indicating that β‐mannanase could facilitate release. All these results indicated that CKGM/CS/TPP microcapsules have good pH‐controlled release, enzymatic release, and sustained release properties, hence they are promising multifunctional colon‐targeted release carriers.

Topic: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Rabies virus infection of cultured rat sensory neurons

The axonal transport of rabies virus (challenge virus strain of fixed virus) was studied in differentiated rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells. In addition, we observed the attachment of rabies virus to neuronal extensions and virus production by infected neurons. A compartmentalized cell culture system was used, allowing infection and manipulation of neuronal extensions without exposing the neural soma to the virus. The cultures consisted of 60% large neuronal cells whose extensions exhibited neurofilament structures. Rabies virus demonstrated high binding affinity to unmyelinated neurites, as suggested by assays of virus adsorption and immunofluorescence studies. The rate of axoplasmic transport of virus was 12 to 24 mm/day, including the time required for internalization of the virus into neurites. The virus transport could be blocked by cytochalasin B, vinblastine, and colchicine, none of which negatively affected the production of virus in cells once the infection was established. It was concluded that, for the retrograde transfer of rabies virus by neurites from the periphery to the neuronal soma, the integrity of tubulin- and actin-containing structures is essential. The rat sensory neurons were characterized as permissive, moderately susceptible, but low producers of rabies virus. These neurons were capable of harboring rabies virus for long periods of time and able to release virus into the culture medium without showing any morphological alterations. The involvement of sensory neurons in rabies virus pathogenesis, both in viral transport and as a site for persistent viral infection, is discussed.

Topic: Rabies epidemiology and control
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Synaptic and Digital Switching in Diffusion Effect‐Assisted Oxides for All‐Inorganic Flexible Memristor

In this work, an all‐inorganic memristor based on In ion‐diffused Al 2 O 3 (IAO) is realized by low temperature solution method. Compared to single layer devices, the electrical properties of IAO‐based memristor are highly improved. In this device, both of synaptic and digital switching can be observed by controlling the applied voltage. At a low applied voltage, the memristor exhibits synaptic switching behavior including gradual switching, learning process, forgetting process, and relearning process. If a higher voltage is applied, the switching behavior is changed to digital bipolar switching which could be also archived in bending condition. The switching mechanism is dominated by oxygen vacancies modulation on concentration and formation energy. This novel device can be expected to open a new road for hybrid and printable circuits including synaptic and digital flexible memristors.

Topic: Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Knowledge Discovery from Web Usage Data - Research and Development of Sequential Pattern Mining Techniques: A Prospective Study

The rapid expansion of the Web has provided a
great opportunity to study user and system behavior by
exploring Web access logs. Web Usage mining (WUM)
discovers and extracts interesting knowledge/patterns from
Web logs. The process of WUM includes three phases: data
preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis [1]. The pattern discovery phase of WUM researches in data mining, machine learning and statistics. Most of this research effort focuses on three main paradigms [2]: association rules [3], sequential patterns, and clustering. Sequential pattern mining, which extracts frequent subsequences from a sequence database, has attracted a great deal of interest during the recent surge in data mining research because it is the basis of
many applications, such as Web user analysis, stock trend
prediction, and DNA sequence analysis. In this paper, we focus on sequential pattern mining techniques for finding interesting patterns based on Web logs

Topic: Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine HCl

<em>High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine tablets. A simple, rapid, accurate and precise HPLC method was developed for quantification of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine HCl. The developed method used the mixture of Acetonitrile and Water (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, Detection was carried out at 250 nm. The linearity for Mefenamic acid of the proposed method was found in the concentration range of 125-625 ppm with regression coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.998 and the linearity for Tizanidine of the proposed method was found in the concentration range of 0.75-2.5 ppm with regression coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.999. LOD and LOQ for Mefenamic acid were found to be </em><em>0.1847µg/ml and 0.5598µg/ml</em><em> and LOD and LOQ for Tizanidine were found to be 0.0151µg/ml and 0.0458 µg/ml, respectively. The % recovery of the suggested technique for Mefenamic acid was set up to be 99.2 %-99.7% and for Tizanidine was found to be 99.5 %-100.3%. The method was found to be precise and robust. The developed HPLC method was successfully applied for quantification of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine in marketed tablet.</em>

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
The management of patients with venous leg ulcers: new guidelines

The RCN Institute, the Centre for Evidence-based Nursing, and the University of York have recently produced guidelines on the management of patients with venous leg ulcers. These guidelines make recommendations with regard to assessment, compression therapy, cleansing, debridement, dressings, contact sensitivity, training/education and quality assurance (Cullum et al, 1998). They are evidence-based (Effective Health Care Bulletin, 1997), have been informed by expert opinion and are reflective of current good clinical practice. It is envisaged that they will be updated every 2 years. This article provides an outline of these guidelines. However, healthcare professionals must note that guidelines can simplify clinical decision making and this must be acknowledged when the guidelines' recommendations for practice are being implemented.

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE FOR MODELING THE ENABLERS IN THE PERFORMING OF ISM ACCESS

Total Productive maintenance (TPM) is increasingly conceded out by numerous organizations to get better their equipment competence and to attain the competitive benefit in the worldwide market concerning cost and quality. But, creating TPM is not a trouble-free task. There are specific enablers, which assist in the performing TPM. The uppermost need is to analyses the behavior of these enablers for their successful utilization in the performing of TPM. The reason of this study is to recognize the shared contact of these enablers and be familiar with the ‘driving enablers’ and the ‘dependent enablers’. In this work, these enablers have been documented all the way through the task their ranking is completed by a questionnaire-based evaluation and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) loom has been make the most of in analyzing their mutual contact. An ISM model has been approved to be familiar with several significant enablers and their decision-making implications in the performing of TPM.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 233671: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Linked collectors and determiners for: Herbario Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres".

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Herbario Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres"". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/fcb4e601-a1d8-44b6-a9d6-75fd05a280ef using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/fcb4e601-a1d8-44b6-a9d6-75fd05a280ef. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Topic: Plant and soil sciences
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Molecular Rearrangement in the Gas Phase Photolysis of 1-Phenyl-2-butene

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Rearrangement in the Gas Phase Photolysis of 1-Phenyl-2-buteneM. ComtetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 27, 7761–7762Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja50001a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja50001a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
Subfield: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
135. Replication Competent Ad11 Vectors Possess a High Potential for Human Cells Targeted Cancer Therapy

Human adenovirus serotype 11 belongs to species B:2 adenoviruses and causes persistent kidney infection in human. It has been reported that Ad11 binds two receptors: sBAR and sB2AR i.e. CD46. Our previous results indicated that Ad11 can internalize and induce expression in many human cells. The complete genome of Ad11 has been sequenced by us. We have now constructed a replication competent Ad11 vector system composed of three different constructs: Ad11, Ad11e1GFP, Ad11e3GFP vectors. Either linear or circular DNA of Ad11 vectors was transfected into A549 cells and formed virus particles after 4 to 7 days post transfection.

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

We present a statistical treatment of the catalytic activity and durability of nonhomogeneous electrocatalysts that possess distributed binding energies of reaction intermediates. The treatment is simple, generic, and amenable to analytical solutions. It is revealed that the highest overall catalytic activity is obtained with a suitable level of nonhomogeneity that is commensurate with the average property. The evolution of the binding energy distribution is described by the Fokker-Planck theory. Exponential decay of the catalytic activity is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The exponential decay shows one- or two stages, depending on the initial distribution properties. The present work represents a step toward closing the gap between ideal and practical electrocatalysts using statistical considerations.

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Spontaneous remission of idiopathic minimal change disease in a cat.

CASE SUMMARY: A 5-year-old female neutered domestic mediumhair cat presented with acute onset hyporexia, lethargy, ascites, hypoalbuminaemia and ventral subcutaneous oedema. Further investigations revealed a bicavitary effusion, myocardial injury, hypercholesterolaemia and concurrent marked proteinuria. A panel of infectious disease tests yielded negative results. Nephrotic syndrome was suspected and renal biopsies were performed. Histopathology and electron microscopy confirmed a diagnosis of minimal change disease (MCD). The patient was successfully managed with benazepril, clopidogrel and a veterinary prescription renal diet. Follow-up two weeks later documented almost complete resolution of the cardiac abnormalities, absence of clinical signs and marked improvement in clinicopathological findings. The hypoalbuminaemia and proteinuria had resolved two months after presentation. At the time of writing, 13 months post-admission, the cat remained asymptomatic with no evidence of disease relapse. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: MCD is rarely described in the veterinary literature, with only four cases reported to date. To our knowledge, this report describes the first case of successfully treated MCD-associated nephrotic syndrome in a cat without the use of glucocorticoid treatment.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Patient specific dosimetry versus whole body retention constraints for determination of optimal radioactive iodine therapy in metastatic thyroid cancer

1949 Objectives To examine the utility of patient specific dosimetry as compared to whole body retention constraints in the calculation of the maximum permissible dose (MPD) of radioactive iodine (RAI) for treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer (MTC). Methods A retrospective analysis of 15 patients (9 male, 6 female, ages 13-76) with MTC presenting for RAI therapy was performed. Each patient was evaluated using three different dosimetric methods: standard (patient specific) dosimetry using MIRD methodology with a limit of 2 Gy to the bone marrow; lung specific dosimetry based on the technique derived by Sgouros et al. with a limit of 25 Gy to the lungs; and whole body retention at 48 hours as per the approach originally introduced by Benua et al. with limits of 80 mCi and 120 mCi in the presence or absence of diffuse lung metastases, respectively. Results Using the 80 mCi rule, the calculated MPD exceeded the 25 Gy limit to the lungs by an average of 23% in patients with diffuse lung metastases (n=2). If the 120 mCi rule is utilized, the calculated MPD exceeded the 2 Gy limit to the bone marrow by an average of 48% in all patients without lung disease (n=13). If the 80 mCi rule is applied to patients without lung disease, the calculated MPD still exceeded the 2 Gy limit in half of the patients; however, there was a higher correlation varying by 17% on average. When patient specific dosimetry is applied with limits of 25 Gy to the lungs in the presence of diffuse lung metastases or 2 Gy to the bone marrow in patients without diffuse lung disease, the calculated MPD did not exceed the respective 80 mCi or 120 mCi thresholds. Conclusions Patient specific dosimetry provides a more detailed assessment of the absorbed dose to target organs and may reduce the potential for dose related toxicity.

Topic: Radiation Dose and Imaging
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design Concept for a Total Knee Replacement with Condylar Guiding Features

Better performance of total knee replacement requires normal kinematics and higher range of motion. A potential solution can be a surface-guided knee with asymmetric configuration including a ball-and-socket articulation in the medial compartment and guiding bearing surfaces on the lateral compartment. An innovative design concept with constant bearing spacing and variable radii for the medial and lateral aspects of the lateral condyle as the guiding features is introduced as a potential design solution. This design allows for normal articulation of the patella and preservation of one or both of the cruciates. In this study, the viability of such surface-guided TKR was tested experimentally. A prototype was built and tested on the joint simulator. The results of the preliminary tests demonstrated that the reference bearing surfaces built based on the novel design concept could successfully generate motion patterns similar to the kinematics of a normal knee joint under compressive forces. The developed concept and methodologies can serve as a basis for development of a TKR with normal kinematics.

Topic: Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences