jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Soil-Moisture-Dependent Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Respiration in a Poplar Plantation in Northern China

The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration (Rs) plays a crucial role in evaluating the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems under global warming. However, the variability in Q10 along soil moisture gradients remains a subject of debate, and the associated underlying causes are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Q10 changes along soil moisture gradients throughout the whole growing season and to assess the factors influencing Q10 variability. Changes in soil respiration (measured by the dynamic chamber method) and soil properties were analyzed in a poplar plantation located in the suburban area of Beijing, China. The results were as follows: (1) Q10 increased with the increasing soil water content up to a certain threshold, and then decreased, (2) the threshold was 75% to 80% of the field capacity (i.e., the moisture content at capillary rupture) rather than the field water-holding capacity, and (3) the dominant influence shifted from soil solid-phase properties to microbes with increasing soil moisture. Our results are important for understanding the relationship between the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and soil moisture in sandy soil, and for the refinement of the modeling of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Experimental Validation of a Distributed Algorithm for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Local Area Networks

Next generation wireless networks aim at a significant improvement of the spectral efficiency in order to meet the dramatic increase in data service demand. In local area scenarios user-deployed base stations are expected to take place, thus making the centralized planning of frequency resources among the cells, a non-viable solution. Cognitive Radio (CR) and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) are the research paradigms which are expected to provide the network nodes the capabilities for an autonomous and efficient selection of the spectrum resources. In this paper we present the first experimental activities with the Autonomous Component Carrier Selection (ACCS) algorithm, a distributed solution for interference management among small neighboring cells. A preliminary evaluation of the algorithm performance is provided considering its live execution on a software defined radio network testbed. The obtained experimental results confirm the performance trends obtained from prior simulation studies. The analysis in dynamic environment conditions also allowed identifying the utilization of static thresholds in the decision making process, as a critical aspect for the optimization of network capacity.<br/>

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions: navigating the global emerging patterns of financial crime

Purpose The current COVID-19 pandemic has already proven to be one of the world’s deadliest crises in modern history with far-reaching impacts on different sectors of the global economy. The financial sector is among the most widely affected by the economic crisis occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most notable effects is related to financial crime. It is against this backdrop that the present study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions with the main focus being on financial crime Design/methodology/approach Its twofold objectives were to critically examine the global emerging patterns of financial crime and their association with the COVID-19 pandemic; and to investigate how financial institutions across the world have been responding to, managing, and dealing with the emerging patterns of financial crime brought about by (or linked to) the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings It was found out that as the pandemic ravages the world and pushes people and businesses to the very limits of their endurance, many financial sector stakeholders and players are responding in ways that put the entire financial sector and all its stakeholders at great risk. Specifically, COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new patterns of financial crime that were either unheard of or were not as rampant in the past. Originality/value Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this study provide new insights into the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions with a main focus on financial crime.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Diagnostic accuracy of sonographic transvaginal ovarian biophysical profile as a predictor of infertility taking transvaginal ultrasound as a gold standard

Ovarian biophysical profile refers to assessment of ovaries to produce a successful conception and implantation environment. The ovarian scoring system for reproduction comprises the following parameters, taken in mid-cycle: ovarian volume, follicular size, and ovarian artery Doppler flow Resistive index and pulsatility index. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic transvaginal ovarian biophysical profile as a predictor of infertility taking transvaginal ultrasound as gold standard. Material and methods: The study comprised women visiting the department with diagnosed infertility for treatment during the period of two years. A total of 550 cycles were inducted primarily referred for ovarian assessment by ultrasound with patent tubes and normal utero-ovarian morphology. All those women having no conception with normal semen analysis of their husbands. Male factor infertility was also excluded. Baseline transvaginal sonography (TVS) was performed at proliferative phase, of the cycle. Mature follicles were studied by TVS. On an individual basis, the following parameters, that is, follicle size, ovarian volume and ovarian artery Doppler Pulsatility index, Resistive index were studied. Follicle size and ovarian artery Doppler flow were highly significant for a pregnancy. Results: The Ovarian biophysical profile was determined by applying the ovarian scoring system for reproduction (OSSR). In this research we compare infertile females with fertile. Out of 550 patients 243 (44.18%) patients were infertile and 307 (55.82%) were normal were discussed, as for as the primary infertile females were 99 (18.00%) and secondary infertile females were 144 (26.18%) and normal were 307 (55.82%). Out of five hundred and fifty cycles 331 woman had a perfect ovarian biophysical profile score of 10. The mean score of fertile was 9.39 ±1.56 and in infertile female was 7.05±2.55. The p- values &lt;0.001. The sensitivity and specificity of ovarian biophysical profile at cut off value 1is 100% and 0.04%. The sensitivity and specificity of ovarian biophysical profile at cut off value 8 it can be consider to rule out in future with 85.3% and 63.8% respectively. Conclusions: Ovarian scoring system for reproduction (OSSR) can prove to be a simple, diagnostic and authentic score to predict the ovarian environment and thereby helping in the prediction of the outcome in infertility. Six out of the nine parameters were found to be high score to predict a pregnancy all by themselves, but these parameters needed expertise and better instrumentation for evaluation. Of the remaining three parameters, two was same or equal on an individual basis and one was found to be not significant.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ferrocene-Derived Bioorganometallic Chemistry: Preparation of a [3]Ferrocenophane γ-Amino Acid for Use in Peptide Synthesis

Directed lithiation followed by quenching with CO2 converted the α-dimethylamino[3]ferrocenophane derivative (6R,9R)-1 to the corresponding acid derivative (6R,9R,pR)-2. Subsequent functional group interconversion steps gave (6R,9R,pR)-6 in an overall yield of ca. 40% (four steps from (6R,9R)-1), which was employed in the synthesis of an artificial model pentapeptide.

Topic: Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Impact of Low Light on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Yield of Brassica napus L.

Low light is an abiotic stress that has a significant impact on crop growth. However, the impact of low light on rapeseed yield has not been well documented. Our study aims to examine the potential effects of low light on the photosynthesis antioxidant capacity and yield composition of leaves by simulating low light environments. According to the study results, low light reduces key photosynthetic enzymes and sucrose synthase activity in rapeseed leaves, leading to a decrease in leaf carbohydrate accumulation. The reduced number of pods per plant and the number of pods per grain are the direct factors leading to the decrease in rapeseed grain yield, while the increase in grain weight compensates for some of the yield loss. In addition, low light increased the content of malondialdehyde in leaves and altered the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Low light inhibits photosynthesis in leaves, reduces leaf productivity, and leads to a decrease in yield. High-yielding varieties have stronger antioxidant capacity and lower production of malondialdehyde. By revealing the effects of low light on the photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity of rapeseed leaves, this studyprovide new insights into the composition of low light affecting rapeseed grain yield and explain significant guidance for the planting and management of different rapeseed varieties in low light areas.

Topic: Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ubiquitous support of multi path probing: Preventing man in the middle attacks on Internet communication

Digital certificates issued by certification authorities (CAs) which are part of the Web Public Key Infrastructure (Web PKI) are the indispensable basis for secure communication on the Internet. The certificates are used in TLS to authenticate web servers. However, as past incidents have shown, CA failures and the issuance of malicious certificates threatens the security of communication, as it allows for man in the middle attacks (MitM) and server impersonation. All known mitigations so far are only niche solutions having their own weaknesses and problems which prevented a wide deployment. Thus, additional methods must be natively supported by common web servers to mitigate threats imposed by CA failures. We propose to integrate multi path probing of certificates as a fundamental mechanism into the web infrastructure. This enables the reconfirmation of certificates whenever their authenticity is in doubt. We describe how this can be realized with minor efforts and without infrastructural changes, while the overhead arising from these reconfirmations can be kept at a small rate.

Topic: Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
New Completely Regular $q$-ary Codes Based on Kronecker Products

For any integer ¿ ¿ 1 and for any prime power q , an explicit construction of an infinite family of completely regular (and completely transitive) q-ary codes with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> = 3 and with covering radius ¿ is given. The intersection array is also computed. Under the same conditions, the explicit construction of an infinite family of q-ary uniformly packed codes (in the wide sense) with covering radius ¿, which are not completely regular, is also given. In both constructions, the Kronecker product is the basic tool that has been used.

Topic: Coding theory and cryptography
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Education, Employment and Social Inclusion within the European Union

Employment and social inclusion have been regular themes in the agenda of the European Union for the past fifteen years. From a soft coordinated approach mainly focused on the fight against unemployment, the European Union has moved towards a more coordinated but still voluntary strategy for its Member States and this agenda now has multiple economic, social and environmental objectives. A constant feature of these strategies has been the use of education and training policies, in particular for young people who are at risk of social exclusion. This paper reviews the relevant agenda of the European Union and presents the concept of second chance schools initiated by the European Commission in 1995. It seeks to understand how the elements associated with these youth and the policy-makers are combined in order to achieve success in terms of job opportunities and better inclusion for young people.

Topic: Regional Development and Policy
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Age-related changes in postural control in older women: transitional tasks in step initiation

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>Aging, being a natural process, involves many functional and structural changes within the body. Identifying the age-related postural changes will provide insight into the role of aging on postural control during locomotion. The aim of this study was to identify age-related postural changes during a transitional task under different conditions.<bold>Methods: </bold>Sixty healthy females divided into three age groups: A (50-60 y/o), B (60-70 y/o), and C (70-80 y/o).<bold> </bold>The transitional task was measured by two force platforms. The procedure consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transfer onto a second platform, and quiet standing on the second platform. Four different conditions were applied: unperturbed transfer, obstacle crossing, step-up, and step-down. Double-support time, transit time, and stability time before and after the step task were analyzed.<bold>Results</bold>: The transit time was longer by 30% for subjects over 70 y/o. The double-support time was longer by 11% among adults 60-70 y/o, while in people over 70 y/o it was longer by almost 50% compared to the 50-60 y/o subjects. The stability time before the transitional task was longer by 17% among adults over 60 y/o compared to middle-age subjects. The stability times before and after the transitional task were longer for adults in the 50-60 y/o category. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> The proposed procedure is adequate for assessing age-related changes in postural control while undergoing a transitional task. An analysis of the double-support time and stability time before and after the step task enabled the detection of early signs of balance changes in middle-age adults. Independent of age, the transitional task parameters changed with the increasing difficulty of the tasks.

Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Subfield: Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Direct detection of dark matter

Dark matter is one of the most important basic topics of particle physics,astrophysics and cosmology in the 21st century.Its existence has been established by gravitational effects,but its identity is still a mystery.In this review we shall discuss the principle of direct detection of the weak interaction massive particle(WIMP),direct detection techniques,the current status and future developments of experimental detection,and finally some new experimental physics results.

Topic: Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reliable Multipath Information Dissemination via Label Forwarding in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we introduce a new routing scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which effectively transports the information from source to sink by curbing the energy requirements, both at node and system level. The proposed approach, termed reliable multipath information dissemination via label forwarding (RM-IDLF) is, both resource awareness and data centric. We integrate the power economics by using the local information within a sensor cloud and coordinating with the neighboring nodes to disseminate the information. The nodes carrying the information over the decentralized network use metadata descriptors in the form of "label" which communicates with other nodes. Actual information is then seeped through the path generated by trading labels. We study the performance of RM-IDLF for different node densities under faulty nodes to study the reliability and compare it with the current data dissemination routing schemes. We evaluate RM-IDLF over a C++ simulator. The experimental analyses show that we can save significant amount of energy as compared to the prior methods

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Correction to “Historical biogeography and phylogeny of the pantropical Psychotrieae alliance (Rubiaceae), with particular emphasis on the Western Indian Ocean Region”

Vol 104 No. 9: 1407–1423, September 2017, doi: 10.3732/ajb.1700116 The corresponding author discovered an error in the “Conclusions and Perspectives” section of this article. In the first paragraph, “Psychotria with dry fruits (schizocarps) colonized Madagascar twice before dispersing to the Comoros from Madagascar possibly via wind dispersal” should have read as “Psychotria with dry fruits (schizocarps) colonized Madagascar once before dispersing to the Comoros from Madagascar possibly via wind dispersal.” The article has been corrected online.

Topic: Plant Diversity and Evolution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
AB066. The association between GATA1 mutations in Down syndrome newborns and transient abnormal myelopoiesis

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are 500 times more likely to develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML-DS), compared to children without DS. One of the potential risk factors for AML-DS is a history of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in the newborn period, which is found in approximately 10% of DS neonates. TAM, a specific condition, presents in only DS newborns, although it can spontaneously resolve within 3–6 months of age. However, 20–30% of DS newborns with TAM will develop AML-DS. GATA1 gene encodes hematopoietic transcription factor. Somatic truncating GATA1 mutation is associated with most TAM cases and a potential marker for future AML-DS. Currently, the GATA1 test is not applied in clinical practice guidelines. However, it would be beneficial for predicting the risk of AML-DS. Therefore, we decided to study whether GATA1 mutation will present in DS newborns with TAM, and will increase the risk of developing AML-DS. Methods: Blood samples from four DS newborns, confirmed by chromosome analysis with a clinical diagnosis of TAM, were collected and isolated for genomic DNA. All coding regions of GATA1, exon 2 to 6, were amplified and sequenced. Results: Of the 4 patients, a mutation was observed in 1 patient. We identified a heterozygous mutation, 17 nucleotides duplication, from the nucleotide 154 to 170 (c.154_170 dup) in exon 2. This frame shift mutation predicted the change of amino acid at codon 58 from alanine to glutamine, and introduced shift of the following 84 amino acids leading to a truncated GATA1 protein (p.Ala58Glnfs*85). Conclusions: The low frequency of GATA1 mutation in our cohort may not be precise due to small sample size, or having other genetic predisposing of TAM in our population. However, DS newborns with TAM who have GATA1 mutations have an increased risk of developing AML-DS, and therefore should be closely monitored.

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Karakteristik Kandungan Kimia dan Komponen Bioaktif Rumput Laut Hijau Halimeda sp. Dari Kepulauan Seribu

Halimeda sp is a green seaweed belonging to the order Bryopsidales, class Chlorophyta. Production data from the genus Halimeda sp in Indonesia yet has not been reported by the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs because it belonged to the unknown type of potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and bioactive components of Halimeda green seaweed. The chemical components of seaweed Halimeda sp included of moisture content, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates (by different). Analysis of bioactive components was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by counted total phenol. The results showed that the proximate analysis of Halimeda sp contained 3.15% moisture content, 87.61% ash content, 0.2% protein content, 1% fat content, and 11.19% carbohydrate (by different) content. Qualitatively Halimeda sp positively contains steroid and alkaloid compounds and was negative for flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The quantitative analysis of the total phenol content of Halimeda sp. extracted with 99.9% ethanol solvent was 273.88 mg GAE/g.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nuclear Gene-Induced Plastome Mutations in Oenothera hookeri. II. Phenotypic Description with Electron Microscopy

The nuclear gene pm of Oenothera hookeri T. & G. strain Johansen increases the frequency of plastome mutations. These plastome mutations are visible because they form variegation sectors. A distinctive feature of the pm system is the large number of different phenotypes induced by the plastome mutator. The fine structure of four plastome mutants has been studied using electron microscopy. Each of the four mutants had a unique phenotype which was characterized by the amount of thylakoid development, the number of plastoglobuli, and the dilation of thylakoids with age. The developmental sequence of the phenotype of one of the mutants was studied by following plastid development in progressively larger leaves. The phenotypes of the pm-induced mutants are generally similar to those of spontaneous plastome mutations described in the literature.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
To Be a Woman in Pakistan: Stories of Struggle and Survival

Violence against women is a worldwide problem with multiple socio-cultural and structural reasons, all of which perpetuate different forms of violence. However, Pakistani society can viewed as a country where the worst forms of anti-women violence are grounded in deep-seated beliefs based on decadent culture, traditions, norms and social institutions that legitimize the centuries-old perpetuation of this ugly practice.KeywordsDomestic ViolencePolice OfficerGender EqualityWorld Economic ForumChild MarriageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences