jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role Protein Sonic Hedgehog in Carcinoma Basal Cell

A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Basal cell carcinoma (KSB) is a non-melanoma skin cancer (KKNM),which is most commonly found compared to other skin cancers. KSB originates fromstem cells in the bulk of hair follicles or inter-follicular epidermis, through the Sonichadgehog (SHH) activation pathway, an increase in Sonic hadgehog (SHH) proteinexpression, involving Patches protein (PTCH), smothened protein (SMO), in the formof increased protein transcription activation Glia (GLI) in the nucleus, binds to DNAto initiate tumor-aggressive growth and tissue. Objective: to determine therelationship between Sonic hadgehog (SHH) expression and non-aggressive andaggressive basal cell carcinoma. Methods: The study was carried out in anobservational laboratory with 35 primary KSB patients, the tissue was taken usingelliptic biopsy technique, made paraffin block specimens for histopathologicalexamination of the subtype of KSB consisting of 20 non-aggressive KSB patients,namely nodular and superficial KSB; 15 patients with aggressive KSB werepigmented KSB; Infiltrates KSB, micronodular KSB, metypical KSB (basosquamousKSB) and SHH immunohistochemical (CPI) examination using SHH antibodies, inthe Anatomy Pathology section, FK Unsri / RSMH Palembang. The characteristics ofKSB patients were recorded, namely sex, age, occupation based on the length ofexposure to BC, namely exposure &lt;3 hours / day, exposure 3-6 hours / day,exposure ≥ 6 hours / day. The data were processed using the Statistical AnalysisSoftware Package (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Corporation), tested with Pearsoncorrelation test and chi square test and presented in the form of diagrams, andnarrative tables. Results: Pearson's test showed a significant correlation betweenthe clinical features of KSB and the histopathologic features of non-aggressive andaggressive types of KSB (p 0.020), there was a significant relationship between thesubtypes of histopathologic features of KSB with non-aggressive and aggressivetypes of KSB (p 0.000), there was a significant relationship between strong SHHexpression and BCC aggressive compared to non-aggressive KSB, p 0.000 (p &lt;05α),and r = 732 Conclusion: There is a relationship between SHH expression and KSBaggressiveness. The increase in strong SHH expression shows the aggressiveness ofKSB, SHH expression can be used as a biological gene target both as a prognosticindicator and can be used as a target for treatment of aggressive KSB, especially inthe elderly.

Topic: Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Table_3_A Mechanistic Computational Model Reveals That Plasticity of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation Is a Function of Cytokine Composition and Dosage.DOCX

&lt;p&gt;CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells provide cell-mediated immunity in response to various antigens. During an immune response, naïve CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells differentiate into specialized effector T helper (Th1, Th2, and Th17) cells and induced regulatory (iTreg) cells based on a cytokine milieu. In recent studies, complex phenotypes resembling more than one classical T cell lineage have been experimentally observed. Herein, we sought to characterize the capacity of T cell differentiation in response to the complex extracellular environment. We constructed a comprehensive mechanistic (logical) computational model of the signal transduction that regulates T cell differentiation. The model’s dynamics were characterized and analyzed under 511 different environmental conditions. Under these conditions, the model predicted the classical as well as the novel complex (mixed) T cell phenotypes that can co-express transcription factors (TFs) related to multiple differentiated T cell lineages. Analyses of the model suggest that the lineage decision is regulated by both compositions and dosage of signals that constitute the extracellular environment. In this regard, we first characterized the specific patterns of extracellular environments that result in novel T cell phenotypes. Next, we predicted the inputs that can regulate the transition between the canonical and complex T cell phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we predicted the optimal levels of inputs that can simultaneously maximize the activity of multiple lineage-specifying TFs and that can drive a phenotype toward one of the co-expressed TFs. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the plasticity of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cell differentiation, and also acts as a tool to design testable hypotheses for the generation of complex T cell phenotypes by various input combinations and dosages.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Libraries and Information Services
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Testing a model of turnover intention: Lecturers at the University of Namibia

Orientation: Institutions of higher learning lose talented academics to other educational institutions or organisations within Namibia and other countries. In order for higher educational institutions to achieve academic excellence, they need competent and satisfied lecturers.Research purpose: This study investigates the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction, organisational commitment, job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention of lecturing staff.Motivation for the study: Academic institutions neglect to facilitate changes with the needed support, impacting negatively lecturers’ work-related attitudes and their intention to stay.Research approach/design and method: A questionnaire was used to collect the data, and estimates of reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, goodness-of-fit statistics, Pearson’s product–moment correlation and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the data (n = 242).Main findings: Using SEM, four different paths were found in the model, which explained how the variables collectively impact turnover intention.Practical/managerial implications: Lecturers should be included in decision-making, should work in a pleasant working environment and be given training opportunities to develop. In order to ensure that institutions reach their goals, job satisfaction needs to be assessed regularly to ensure that lecturers are satisfied, committed and willing to contribute to the success of the organisation.Contribution/value-add: This study will add to the knowledge within Industrial/Organisational Psychology and guide interventions to retain lecturing staff at Namibian institutions of higher learning.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tomato growth responses to foliar application of ammonium sulfate in hydroponic culture

This study was done to evaluate the growth responses of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to foliar application of ammonium sulfate in different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mM once per week, as well as 50 mM in every other day under greenhouse and hydroponic culture system. The results showed that foliar application of ammonium restricted the plant height, yield, and vitamin C content of fruits, but it increased the chlorophyll content in treated plants. The highest and the lowest yield were obtained from zero (control) and 200 mM treated plants, respectively. Fruit hardness was not affected by treatments, while blossom end rot disorder was increased by higher concentrations of ammonium sulfate. In general, the result indicated that tomato plant is rather sensitive to foliar application of ammonium sulfate particularly to higher concentrations and application numbers.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rare Genetic Variants in Jewish Patients Suffering from Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: To identify rare genetic variants in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) utilizing whole-exome sequencing (WES). Methods: Eight non-related early-AMD families of different Jewish ethnicities were ascertained. Initial mutation screening (phase-1) included common complement factor-H (CFH) p.Y402H; and age related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) p.A69S; and rare variants complement factor-I (CFI) p.V412M; and hemicentin1 (HMCN1) c.4163delC identified previously in our population. Four families, whose initial screening for the aforementioned variants was negative, underwent WES (phase-2). Bioinformatics filtering was based on functionality (from a panel of 234 genes with proven or presumed association to AMD); predicted severity; and frequency (rare variants with minor allele frequency &lt;1%). When applicable, further screening for specific rare variants was carried out on additional cases of similar ethnicities and phenotypes (phase-3). Results: Phase-1 identified three families carrying CFI p.V412M mutation. WES analysis detected probable disease-related variants in three out of the remaining families. These included: a family with a variant in PLEKHA1 gene p.S177N; a family with previously reported variant p.R1210C in CFH gene; and two families with the C3 p.R735W variant. Conclusions: Rare, high-penetrance variants have a profound contribution to early-AMD pathogenesis. Utilization of WES in genetic research of multifactorial diseases as AMD, allows a thorough comprehensive analysis with the identification of previously unreported rare variants.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Creation of a Rabbit Model of Rib Distraction Osteogenesis

Our study aimed to create a rabbit model of rib distraction osteogenesis, for use in treatment of rib defects and research on the process of distraction osteogenesis. Ten rabbits were subjected to unilateral osteotomy and a specific distractor was installed. The distractors were normally designed. Two rabbits died from anesthesia. Eight female rabbits underwent rib osteotomies, and lateral distraction devices were implanted. Three days postoperatively, distraction commenced on one side in each rabbit, by 0.5 mm twice a day for 80 days. Four rabbits each were sacrificed 15 and 30 days later, respectively, and the osteogenic and contralateral ribs were removed for histomorphometric examination. Normal development of distraction osteogenesis was observed, and the structure of newly formed bone was the same as that of other parts of the rib. Histomorphometric and gross tissue appearance of the areas subjected to distraction osteogenesis were the same as the other parts of the rib. We successfully established an animal model of rib distraction and documented the entire process of extension. Rib distraction was performed by 0.5 mm twice a day. Following a fixed period of 30 days, the biological characteristics of the distracted and contralateral normal rib showed no difference. Moreover, the distracted rib had curvature.

Topic: Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Computational Similarity of Binding and Long-Distance Consonant Dissimilation

This work shows that the binding patterns are computationally similar to long-distance consonant dissimilation. From a computational point of view, phonological patterns have long been hypothesized to be regular. More recent work has suggested this holds for syntax as well, given the correct representation. By examining binding conditions from morpho-syntactic transformational point of view, we show that binding conditions can be logically characterized in a parallel way to long-distance consonant dissimilation. The similarity shows that binding patterns as transformations fall into a subsequential class, a subregular class of transformations which is considered to capture a great deal of segmental phonological process. This result adds further support to the subregular hypothesis for syntax.

Topic: Phonetics and Phonology Research
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Scaffold Repurposing of in-House Chemical Library toward the Identification of New Casein Kinase 1 δ Inhibitors

Recent studies have highlighted the key role of Casein kinase 1 δ (CK1δ) in the development of several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). So far, CK1δ inhibitors are noncovalent ATP competitive ligands and no drugs are currently available for this molecular target, hence the interest in developing new CK1δ inhibitors. The study aims to identify new inhibitors able to bind the enzyme; by a dual approach in silico/in vitro, the virtual screening has been performed on an in-house chemical library, which was previously designed and synthesized for other targets. The work can, therefore, be seen in the scaffold repurposing logic. The proposed strategy has led to the identification of two hits, having a novel scaffold in the landscape of CK1δ inhibitors and with an activity in the micromolar range.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pengaruh Financial Distress, Sales Growth dan Umur Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2022

Tax avoidance is the exploitation of weaknesses or gray areas in tax regulations by companies with the aim of reducing the amount of tax payable. This research was conducted to examine and analyze the influence of financial distress, sales growth, and company age on tax avoidance in basic and chemical industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2022. This study used secondary data and resulted in 126 samples for analysis. The results of this study indicate that, partially, the variables of financial distress and sales growth do not affect tax avoidance. However, the variable of company age has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously, financial distress, sales growth, and company age have a positive effect on tax avoidance. Keywords: , Company Age, Financial Distress, Sales Growth, Tax Avoidance.

Topic: Corporate Governance and Financial Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
The Rise of Intangibles and Fall of Accounting

In which we present the first reason for the waning usefulness of financial (accounting) information—the surge of intangible (intellectual) assets (patents, brands, information technology)—to become the prime value creators of businesses. We document empirically that the failure of the accounting system to reflect the value of these assets in financial reports, to properly account for their impact on firms' operations, and to provide investors with information about the exposure of these assets to threats of infringement and disruption, is a major cause of accounting's relevance lost. How ironic (or sad) that largely irrelevant assets to companies' growth and competitive edge—like inventory, accounts receivable, or plant & machinery—remain prominently displayed on corporate balance sheets, whereas patents, brands, IT, or unique business processes are accounting MIAs.

Topic: Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S1 from Peripheral Blood–Derived PD-1/CD28–CD19 CAR–Modified PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Solid Tumors

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Construction of PD-1/CD28 receptor, CD19 CAR and PD-1/CD28-T2A-CD19 CAR.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: CAR-T cell therapy research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Stereoselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Cyclic Azomethine Imines with Aryl Acetaldehydes

A highly stereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-cyclic azomethine imines with aryl acetaldehydes enabled by a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst is accomplished, giving efficient access to a plethora of enantioenriched <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bicyclic pyrazolidinones featuring aromatic substituents at the C2 position. The current strategy can be directly conducted on a gram scale, and the product could be further reduced to bicyclic pyrazolidine without loss of enantiopurity.

Topic: N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Medicinal plants with wound healing potential

Wound occurs due to disruption of soft tissues that results from injury. Recently many medicinal plants have been demonstrated for wound healing potential through in vivo and in vitro preclinical models and their mechanisms of wound healing has also been reported. Medicinal plants have been reported to show wound healing potential via angiogenesis, activation of NF-κB, favoring pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and alpha 1 type 1 collagen, and anti-oxidant activity. Thus, in this review, an attempt was made to give an insight into the recently reported medicinal plants with wound healing mechanisms which could be beneficial in therapeutic practice and development of new wound healing drugs for human use.

Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding and leveraging cell metabolism to enhance mesenchymal stem cell transplantation survival in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications

Abstract In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, stem cell—specifically, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs)—therapies have fallen short of their initial promise and hype. The observed marginal, to no benefit, success in several applications has been attributed primarily to poor cell survival and engraftment at transplantation sites. MSCs have a metabolism that is flexible enough to enable them to fulfill their various cellular functions and remarkably sensitive to different cellular and environmental cues. At the transplantation sites, MSCs experience hostile environments devoid or, at the very least, severely depleted of oxygen and nutrients. The impact of this particular setting on MSC metabolism ultimately affects their survival and function. In order to develop the next generation of cell-delivery materials and methods, scientists must have a better understanding of the metabolic switches MSCs experience upon transplantation. By designing treatment strategies with cell metabolism in mind, scientists may improve survival and the overall therapeutic potential of MSCs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of plausible metabolic switches in response to implantation and of the various strategies currently used to leverage MSC metabolism to improve stem cell-based therapeutics.

Topic: Mesenchymal stem cell research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Graphene nanoparticle as an additives and its influence on pure diesel and biodiesel fuelled CIDI engine

In this experimental investigation, graphene nano additive was used at different proportions from 25 to 100ppm with an interval of 25ppm. It was then dispersed into the neat diesel and 20% Calophyllum inophyllum blend and its properties were determined. Further, experimentation was conducted for selected fuels in a CI engine. The discussions revealed that BTHE increased by 0.54 and 0.03% for CI20 with GNA of 25 and 50ppm. VE was decreased by 0.19, 0.32, 0.59, and 0.70%. EGT was decreased by 7.69, 7.57, 6.71, 6.81, and 7.55% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100 ppm. CO emissions were decreased by 12.8, 10.37, 8.71, and 1.65%, HC emissions were lessened by 72.44, 74.48, 75.5, and 76.5%, NOx emissions were reduced by 19.34, 17.56, 19.53, and 16.88%, opacity reduced by 7.1, 5.13, 4.47, and 4.07% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100ppm. The maximum cylinder pressure was reduced by 0.76, 1.02, 1.55, and 0.36%, RPR was increased by 36.58%, 33.69%, 38.82%, and 35.33% for CI20 with GNA of 25 to 100ppm. 90% MFB was taken for all blends at the difference of approximately 1°CA from that of diesel. Therefore, CI20 with GNA proportions is a promising substitute for diesel fuel.

Topic: Biodiesel Production and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gamification and L2 vocabulary learning: The Vocabox Experience in the Languages without Borders Program

This study investigated a gamified vocabulary teaching and learning intervention, the Vocabox Experience , which was implemented in the context of the Languages without Borders. The research was developed collaboratively among the English teachers and coordinators, with classroom data being collected with 32 students by twelve teachers and one coordinator. The data were collected using an observation grid during classes and conducting two focal discussion sessions, one with the students and one with the teachers who implemented the games in their classes. The qualitative results indicate that both teachers and students see the Vocabox Experience as a significant learning opportunity, although teachers tend to see learning in a broader perspective while students tend to see it more as the memorization of new words. The quantitative data show that teachers preferred to use vocabulary games to warm up their classes and balanced both competition and collaboration elements when designing the games. As for the students, they showed more signs of engagement than disengagement, overall.

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
A Dose-Dependent Improvement in Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Stable Angina Treated With Mildronate: A Clinical Trial “MILSS I”

Objective. To assess the efficacy of various doses of Mildronate in combination with standard therapy for the exercise tolerance of patients with stable angina pectoris. The primary efficacy variable was the change in exercise time in bicycle ergometry from the baseline to 12 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints were the changes in maximum achieved load and time to the onset of angina from the baseline to week 12. Material and Methods. A total of 512 patients with chronic coronary heart disease who had ischemia as the limiting factor in the exercise test from 72 study centers in 4 countries were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled phase 2 study. The patients were assigned to either 4 groups receiving standard therapy plus Mildronate at different daily doses or 1 group receiving standard therapy plus placebo. Results. The mean change in the total exercise time in the mildronate 100 mg and mildronate 300 mg groups was –2.12±108.45 and 11.48±62.03 seconds, respectively. The mean change for the placebo group was –7.10±81.78 seconds. The difference between Mildronate 100 mg and 300 mg and placebo groups was not significant. Patients in the Mildronate 1000 mg group showed a remarkable increase in the mean change in the total exercise time (35.18±53.29 seconds, P=0.002). Mildronate at a dose of 3000 mg caused a smaller increase as compared with a dose of 1000 mg. Similar changes in the secondary end parameters were observed. Conclusion. The most effective dose of Mildronate in combination with standard therapy was found to be 500 mg twice a day.

Topic: Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences