jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
No.253 Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis (CRLM) Patients: Incidence and Prognosis

Background: No.253 lymph node is the gateway to systemic metastasis for left-sided colorectal cancer. However, the value of D3 resection is still controversial. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate and prognostic value of 253LN metastasis in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) mainly through blood vessels and thus to provide theoretical basis for 253LN resection. Methods: From February 2012 to February 2019, a total of 281 patients who underwent curative resection for both primary and metastatic tumors were collected retrospectively. The clinicopathological and genetic characteristics were compared between 58 patients with positive 253LN and 223 patients with negative. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared with Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis and a forest plot were conducted for RFS. Results: The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM was 20.64% (58/281). Those with 253LN positive were T4 stage, N2 stage, and D1/D2 lymph nodes metastatic. About 10.3% (8/78) 253LN positive patients were D1/D2 negative. The 253LN metastasis was an independent risk factor for relapse after curative surgery, but not for OS. Patients with 253LN metastasis had worse RFS, especially in female, adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated, pT3, preoperative serum CA199 &lt; 37 U/mL, bilobar liver metastasis, without preoperative chemotherapy, KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF wild type. Conclusion: The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM is 20.64%, and skip metastasis rate is 10.3%. The 253LN status is an independent prognostic risk factor for RFS but not for OS after curative surgery. Routine resection of 253LN should be applied in curative surgery of left-sided CRLM.

Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structural relationships among chloramphenicol-resistance plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus

Twelve different chloramphenicol-resistance (Cmr) plasmids detected in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated between 1952 and 1981 were characterized by restriction endonuclease, DNA hybridization and heteroduplex analyses. These studies revealed three families of Cmr plasmids which were distinguished by their chloramphenicol acetyltransferase sequences; the prototype plasmids of the families were pC221, pC223 and pC194. The cat and replication (rep) genes of the plasmid pC221 were highly conserved in other pC221 family members and were related to their homologs in the pC223 family plasmids; however, the cat and rep genes of the pC194 family plasmids were distinct.

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Why Zambia failed

Abstract: Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson and others are explaining divergent economic histories with qualitative measures of institutional quality – including Acemoglu and Robinson's popular inclusive/extractive dichotomy. While quantitative studies have sort to confirm these links using econometric proxies, few empirical accounts have shown how these proxies, or indeed the institutions they seek to represent actually influenced economic growth. This study helps fill that gap by testing whether evidence in Zambia's post-colonial history supports a proposed econometric link between its institutional quality and its slow economic growth. Support for this link is found in foreign investors’ interpretation of declining institutional constraint on Zambia's President as the potential for increased policy volatility, and as such an economic inducement to delay critical investment to Zambia's capital constrained economy. These findings add weight to the institutional argument in general, as well as present one concrete example in history of a mechanism through which institutional quality affected economic growth.

Topic: Natural Resources and Economic Development
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Abstract 493: The Regulation of Thrombospondin-1 Release through SIRPa-CD47 Mediated-Signaling in Platelets

Introduction Decreasing the inflammatory response to medical devices remains an unmet clinical need. Our group has recent evidence that CD47, a ubiquitous transmembrane protein that serves as a self-marker via interactions with its receptor, Signal Regulatory Protein alpha (SIRP-α), confers significant anti-inflammatory properties on synthetic surfaces. Also, our group was the first to find the presence of SIRP-α on platelets. Interestingly, platelets are the primary source of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a CD47 ligand involved in pro-inflammatory processes. These experiments test the hypothesis that SIRPα-CD47 mediated signaling in platelets, in part, regulates TSP-1 release. Methods and Results As our group previously published, clinical-grade PVC tubing was modified via a photo-activated polymer with recombinant human CD47. Citrated whole blood or platelet-rich plasma (PRP), (30 cc), was obtained from healthy volunteers and added to the unmodified and CD47-modified tubing. The blood or PRP was perfused, via a Chandler Loop apparatus, over the PVC surfaces for 3 hours. All samples were then processed for platelet poor plasma, and TSP-1 expression was analyzed via western blot and ELISA. Confirmed with western blot and densitometry, when whole blood was exposed to CD47-coated PVC, TSP-1 concentration (as compared to the percent of the time-zero control) was consistently reduced compared to that of unmodified PVC (CD47: 78.42% ± 5.62, PVC: 189.87% ± 28.95). In contrast, when PRP was exposed under analogous conditions, there was no significant difference in TSP-1 concentration (CD47: 2.55% ± 1.02, PVC: 2.72% ± 0.81). To ensure that changes in TSP-1 concentration were not the result of TSP-1 adsorption to the CD47-modified surface, proteins were eluted from the luminal tube surface, and western blot analysis confirmed a 30% decrease in relative intensity from the CD47-coated PVC compared to that of unmodified PVC. Conclusion CD47-modified PVC tubing significantly decreases TSP-1 levels in isolated plasma from whole blood, suggesting that CD47 decreases platelet activation. However, work so far with PRP suggests that platelet TSP-1 release is mediated indirectly through monocytes. Further work on this cascade includes SEM analysis of PVC tubing.

Topic: Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
The teaching and culture of household Spanish: Understanding racist reproduction in ‘domestic’ discourse

Inspired by Hill's work on the uses of Spanish among Anglo-Americans, this article exposes 'Household Spanish' as a discursive site for the reproduction of racism and social order. Also called 'domestic' discourse, this use of Spanish consists largely of one-way directives given by native English-speaking, middle-to-upper class homeowners who intend to 'communicate' with their Spanish-speaking housekeepers and gardeners. This domestic discourse has, for many years, been taught and sold as pocket-sized mini-textbooks; these are tremendously appreciated by busy, time-tied homeowners for their brevity and approachability. The author investigates one such text so popular that it has been newly republished. A critical look into Harvey's Household Spanish aims to provide an introduction to the teaching and culture of domestic discourse, including a historical overview of the US Spanish-speaking domestic labor force. Discussions of indexicality and the elevation of Whiteness follow, as well as, of course, close discourse analyses of particular Household Spanish examples.

Topic: Gender Studies in Language
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of a novel designs and assessment and selection system for green office buildings in China

China is facing severe problems in fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emission largely owing to the construction of buildings. Office buildings, as a major building type in China, contribute around 22% of the national fossil fuel energy use and 14% of carbon emissions. The identification of the most appropriate solution to energy saving and pollutant emissions reducing at the earlier design stage of office buildings is significantly important to China’s sustainability development and environmental protection.This PhD research aims to establish a simple and straight-forward assessment method that can predict fossil fuel energy use and the associated pollutant emissions of the Chinese office buildings at their early conceptual design stage (when the detailed material and constructional information is unavailable), and further, develop a computer- aided assessment and selection process that can identify the best design solution to the office buildings of China. This work is carried out through a standard research process including literature review, methodology development, computer model establishment, case study and results analysis with comparisons, followed by recommendations. As a result, the research provides a variety of important outputs, i.e., the life-cycle energy and air-pollutants estimation method, the generalized environmental impact metric system, and the green office building design solution assessment and selection system (GBAS). It has been demonstrated that the simplified energy and pollutants estimation method can predict the energy consumption and associated pollutant emissions at each office building life-cycle phase, based on the refined mathematical correlations and associated computerized toolkits. By using the generalized environmental impact metric system, the pollutant equivalent (PE), which reflects the combined environmental impact of the emission of four common pollutants, is derived and its values are discussed in detail. Based on the estimation of life-cycle energy and PE, the GBAS system is developed to identify the “best” design solution on both the quantitative survey and qualitative analyses.A combination of all the above outcomes leads to the development of a comprehensive computerized tool that can conduct faster assessment, optimization and selection of the “best” design solutions for Chinese office buildings at their very earlier stage of design. The prediction results have been proven to be rational, realistic and applicable to practical engineering projects.The outcomes of the research can help in the design of energy efficient and “green” office buildings in China, thus contributing to China’s sustainable development and environmental protection.

Topic: Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Alkylaluminum Chloride Promoted (2 + 2) Cycloaddition Reactions of Styrenes with 1,4‐Naphthoquinones and Bromoquinones: A Facile Route to Orthoquinodimethane Precursors.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
A novel glycobiomarker, <scp><i>W</i></scp><i>isteria floribunda</i> agglutinin macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor, for predicting carcinogenesis of liver cirrhosis

Recently, we identified a novel liver fibrosis glycobiomarker, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)‐reactive colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (WFA + ‐CSF1R), using a glycoproteomics‐based strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the value of measuring WFA + ‐CSF1R levels for the prognosis of carcinogenesis and outcome in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). WFA + ‐CSF1R and Total‐CSF1R levels were measured in serum samples from 214 consecutive HCV‐infected patients to evaluate their impact on carcinogenesis and the survival of LC patients. Serum WFA + ‐CSF1R levels were significantly higher in LC patients than chronic hepatitis (CH) patients ( p &lt; 0.001). The AUC of WFA + ‐CSF1R for predicting overall survival, calculated by time‐dependent ROC analysis, was 0.691 and the HR (per 1‐SD increase) was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.23–2.62, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the survival rate of LC patients with high WFA + ‐CSF1R levels (≥310 ng/ml) was significantly worse than those with lower levels ( p &lt; 0.01). The AUC of WFA + /total‐CSF1R percentage (WFA + ‐CSF1R%) for predicting the cumulative carcinogenesis rate was 0.760, with an HR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.26–2.20, p &lt; 0.001). In fact, the carcinogenesis rate was significantly higher in LC patients with a high WFA + ‐CSF1R% (≥ 35%, p = 0.006). Assessing serum levels of WFA + ‐CSF1R has diagnostic value for predicting carcinogenesis and the survival of LC patients.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on phospholipid methylation in rat liver microsomes

Abstract The effect of altered methionine metabolism during pyridoxine deficiency on the activity of phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.17) and the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been evaluated in rat liver microsomes. Animals fed a pyridoxine‐deficient diet for 7 wk displayed a fivefold increase in the hepatic tissue level of S‐adenosylhomocysteine when compared to either control or pair‐fed animal counterparts. When PE methyltransferase was assayed in vitro, a significant increase in specific activity was observed using enzyme preparations from either pair‐fed or pyridoxine‐deficient rats. On the other hand, phospholipid levels did not conform to the measured enzyme activity. The level of PC in microsomes from either pyridoxine‐deficient or pair‐fed animal groups was significantly lower than that determined for the control group of rodents. However, the level of PC was noticeably lower in microsomes from pyridoxine‐deficient animals than that from pair‐fed animals, which received 45% of the feed intake of the control animals. In addition, the level of PE in microsomes from pair‐fed and pyridoxine‐deficient animals was significantly higher than that analyzed from the control animals, further confirming decreased methylation of substrate to product. It is concluded that pyridoxine deficiency may alter the methylation of phospholipid in the endoplasmic reticulum above and beyond that produced by feed restriction alone.

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Soft Tissue Assessment and Grafting for Alveolar Ridge Enhancement in Implant Dentistry

A rich history of soft tissue management surrounding natural teeth along with advances in the comprehension of wound healing have allowed the adaptation and application of surgical techniques developed for teeth to be applied for implants. Although the procedures to create a good band of keratinized tissue around implants should be addressed at the time of uncovering or placement of dental implants, in some cases they are done as a correction in a post-implant placement stage. Clinicians today must balance biology, functionality, and esthetics when treatment planning and executing implants, and have an in-depth knowledge of wound healing. This approach is similar for natural teeth or dental implants, and is done by setting up the final goal of ideal implant placement and restoration within a well-established hard and soft tissue envelope.

Topic: Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Neonatal Fc receptor expression in macrophages is indispensable for IgG homeostasis

The maintenance of the homeostasis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents a fundamental aspect of humoral immunity that has direct relevance to the successful delivery of antibody-based therapeutics. The ubiquitously expressed neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) salvages IgG from cellular degradation following pinocytic uptake into cells, conferring prolonged in vivo persistence on IgG. However, the cellular sites of FcRn function are poorly defined. Pinocytic uptake is a prerequisite for FcRn-mediated IgG salvage, prompting us to investigate the consequences of IgG uptake and catabolism by macrophages, which represent both abundant and highly pinocytic cells in the body. Site-specific deletion of FcRn to generate mice harboring FcRn-deficient macrophages results in IgG hypercatabolism and ~threefold reductions in serum IgG levels, whereas these effects were not observed in mice that lack functional FcRn in B cells and dendritic cells. Consistent with the degradative activity of FcRn-deficient macrophages, depletion of these cells in FcRn-deficient mice leads to increased persistence and serum levels of IgG. These studies demonstrate a pivotal role for FcRn-mediated salvage in compensating for the high pinocytic and degradative activities of macrophages to maintain IgG homeostasis.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Electricity Capacity Requirements: Who Pays?

Reserve requirements in electricity markets may get each producer to internalize the cost of grid-wide blackouts it might cause if unable to meet consumer demand. Markets for how such capacity might be procured have been studied. Less examined is how the costs of reserve capacity are covered. "Who pays" depends on how requirements are designed. If each producer has to provide peak capacity available to a grid operator at a below-spot price, requirements will increase volatility-that is, the gap between baseload and marginal peak prices. Requirements based on energy sales act as a tax on baseload to subsidize peak, reducing volatility. Finally, if requirements are designed to ensure that extreme-peak energy is available without scarcity rents, baseload prices remain unaffected, but (nonextreme) peak prices increase. Although this pattern seems unrelated to any economic or social goal, it replicates what one might see under crude seasonal or time-of-use pricing.

Topic: Electric Power System Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Statistical Control of Time and Cost PerformanceIndices in Construction Projects: A Case Study

The earned value management is a powerful and important techniquein analyzing and controlling the project performance. While it allowsexact measurement of project progress, it lets corrective actions in atimely manner. In fact, the earned value allows project managers tofind out any project time and cost deviations by calculating theperformance indices. In this paper, to improve the applicability of thetraditional earned value technique, we develop an integrated approachby combining statistical quality control charts with traditional earnedvalue technique, to monitor and control project time and costperformances. The results applied to a real construction projectcompete favorly against traditional approaches

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 2123399: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of some viruses of the medicinal plant <i>Physalis alkekengi L</i>

Determining the medical properties of Physalis alkekengi L. extracts, extracting active compounds with antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory properties, that is, physalins and flavonoids, requires the development of biotechnology for the creation of virus-free, healthy medicinal plants by microclonal propagation of plants using modern biotechnological approaches. In this article, TMV-Ph strain of tobacco mosaic virus was isolated from medicinal plant Physalis alkekengi L. and its biological, morphological and physical characteristics were studied. TMV- Ph strain was identified to be belong to the Virgaviridae family of the tobamovirus group. As a result of research on this topic, virus disease symptoms were identified in the Physalis alkekengi plant, and methods for isolating and biologically purifying the virus were developed. To achieve this, viral sap prepared from the leaves of infected plants was inoculated into the Nicotiana sylvestris plant to isolate the virus. For biological purification, infectious sap was prepared and inoculated into the Nicotiana glutinosa plant. The resulting necroses were excised, and the virus was passed through the plant two more times in a mononecrotic state, thereby biologically purifying it. After that, the virus was transferred to a host plant to propagate.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sustainable disposal of municipal solid waste: Post bioreactor landfill polishing

Sustainable disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) requires assurance that contaminant release will be minimized or prevented within a reasonable time frame before the landfill is abandoned so that the risk of contamination release is not passed to future generations. This could be accomplished through waste acceptance criteria such as those established by the European Union (EU) that prohibit land disposal of untreated organic matter. In the EU, mechanical, biological and/or thermal pretreatment of MSW is therefore necessary prior to landfilling which is complicated and costly. In other parts of the world, treatment within highly engineered landfills is under development, known as bioreactor landfills. However, the completed bioreactor landfill still contains material, largely nonbiodegradable carbon and ammonia that may be released to the environment over the long-term. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of an approach to ensure landfill sustainability by the rapid removal of these remaining materials, leachate treatment and recirculation combined with aeration. The analysis in this paper includes a preliminary experimental evaluation using real mature leachate and waste samples, a modeling effort using a simplified mass balance approach and input parameters from real typical bioreactor cases, and a cost estimate for the suggested treatment method. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Topic: Landfill Environmental Impact Studies
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Schizophrenic Disorders

JUST as chlorpromazine revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenic disorders in the 1950s, the adoption of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III)1 has revitalized the diagnosis. While schizophrenia remains poorly understood, it may at least be better defined as we enter a new decade:The essential features of this group of disorders are: the presence of certain psychotic features during the active phase of the illness, characteristic symptoms involving multiple psychological processes, deterioration from a previous level of functioning, onset before age 45, and a duration of at least six months. The . . .

Topic: Schizophrenia research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences