jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
De novo AML with dysplastic hematopoiesis: cytogenetic and prognostic significance.

Dysplastic hematopoiesis is the morphological hallmark of myelodysplastic syndromes. Dysplastic features in one or more lineages are also found frequently in bone marrow aspirates from patients with de novo AML and have been associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We asked whether dyshematopoiesis is an independent prognostic factor or an indicator of unrecognized secondary leukemia, identified by characteristic chromosomal abnormalities. Bone marrow aspirates from 102 patients with newly diagnosed AML were analyzed. Morphological analysis was obtained in all patients, flow cytometric analysis in 96 and successful cytogenetic analysis in 65 bone marrow aspirates. Dysgranulopoiesis (DysG) was found in 55, dysmegakaryopoiesis (DysM) in 32 and dyserythropoiesis (DysE) in 23 patients. Decreased side scatter signals of neutrophils in the flow cytometric analysis (DysS) were detected in 32 patients. DysG and DysS showed a highly significant correlation (P = 0.0005). DysG was an adverse negative prognostic factor for remission rate and event-free survival (P = 0.04, P = 0.02). An unfavorable karyotype was associated with a significantly lower chance for event-free survival (P = 0.002). The incidence of an unfavorable karyotype was significantly higher in patients with DysG (P = 0.01), DysM (P = 0.02) and DysS (P = 0.01). In patients with an unfavorable karyotype, dysplasia had no additional prognostic influence, however, in patients with a normal, favorable or prognostically uncertain karyotype DysG remained a predictor of lower remission rate (P = 0.03). We conclude that dysgranulopoiesis, dysmegakaryopoiesis and decreased side scatter signals of neutrophils are indicators of secondary leukemias in bone marrow aspirates from patients with de novo AML.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Working Creatively with sound and image: residential workshop - contribution to a Creative Practice Primer: [a]bridged

This Creative Practice Primer documents the activities that took place during an Experimental Research Network’s residential workshop, ‘Working creatively with sound and image‘, at Dundee Contemporary Arts in November 2010. The workshop was organised by Dr Michael Gallagher and Jonathan Prior, Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh.

During the workshop, 10 UK-based social science and arts researchers spent a week experimenting collaboratively with audio, visual and site-specific creative methods, exploring how such methods might be used to enrich and enliven research.

Documentation from the workshop was shared on a website, not as a set of research products, but rather as records of processes and practices, to function as a source of ideas, inspiration and practical suggestions for other researchers wishing to experiment with creative methods of enquiry.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Action of nonviral gene delivery vectors on human complement system: low anticomplementary activity of lipoplexes based on lacZ plasmid and phospholipid/oligocation liposomes.

A simple test-system has been developed for the first time in order to detect the ability of effectors (lipoplexes) to activate the complement system in an antibody-independent manner to serve as acceptors of nascent C4b and to inhibit formation of the key enzyme of complement, C3-convertase. The effect of plasmid DNA (pCMV-SPORT-LacZ), negatively charged cardiolipin (CL), neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles and their lipoplexes, on the complement system was studied using the method developed. It was revealed that PC vesicles did not affect the complement system, while CL vesicles manifested low activation. The influence of plasmid DNA and its lipoplex based on PC liposomes as well on the complement system was very low. PC/LacZ lipoplex (143 microg/ml) acted on the complement system like 5.36 microg/ml heat aggregated IgG (agg) (the level of no pathological ruptures), whereas CL/LacZ lipoplex (143 microg/ml) acted similar to 10.7 microg/ml IgG (agg). Thus, weak activation of the complement system with CL lipoplex, and even weaker for the PC lipoplex testified to the use of neutral and positively charged lipoplexes preferably in gene therapy protocols. The technique can also be used for testing the influence of injectable gene therapy vectors on the complement system.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Shielding Humanity

On the contemporary international law scene, there are not many jurists who match the eminence and stature of Abdul G. Koroma. A distinguished lawyer, diplomat and member of the International Law Commission for many years, he has been a key figure in the elaboration, codification and negotiation of important multilateral treaties in diverse areas of international law. He subsequently served, for 18 years, on the bench of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) where he participated in deciding many of the Court’s leading cases during the busiest periods of its history. These outstanding essays, written by renowned judges, scholars and practitioners of international law in honour of Judge Koroma, discuss both classical and contemporary topics of significant relevance to the current and future of international law. The volume will appeal to anyone interested in the ICJ, peaceful settlement of inter-state disputes, law of the sea, international criminal law, international humanitarian law, regional integration and Africa’s contributions to international law. Contributors are: Avitus A Agbor, Babefemi Akinrinade, Adejoké Babington-Ashaye, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, Tamara Cummings-John, John Dugard, Olufemi Elias, Sir Christopher Greenwood, Chikeziri Igwe, Osman Keh Kamara, Charles Manga Fombad, Madeline Choe-Amusimo Fombad, Charles Chernor Jalloh, Kenneth Keith, Tommy Koh, Tiyanjana Maluwa, Konstantinos D. Magliveras, Brian McGarry, Andrew Morgan, Gino J. Naldi, Lydia A. Nkansah, Vincent O. Nmehielle, Karin Oellers-Frahm, Olajumoke O. Oduwole, Obiora Chinedu Okafor, Phoebe Okowa, Adetola Onayemi, Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao, Bernardo Sepúlveda-Amor, Surya P. Subedi, Mia Swart, Abdul Tejan-Cole, Manuel J. Ventura, Sienho Yee, and Abdulqawi A. Yusuf.

Topic: International Law and Human Rights
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Non-Ionizing Radiation Analysis in Close Proximity to Antenna Tower: A Case Study in Northeast Brazil

Abstract While the amount of telecommunications services grows rapidly in the whole world, humans get potentially more exposed to Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) from a number of different sources. Measurements of NIR levels are relevant in order to compare the results with national and international standards, aiming at the preservation of human health. Thus, it is of great interest to explore a variety of topics regarding this subject. Based on this need, this paper has a number of goals, including monitoring radiation levels in an everyday situation, an investigation of how national and international regulations organs address NIR levels and a demonstration of scientific production trends regarding this topic. The work also presents a bibliometric study about the main scientific productions and trends related to NIR measurements, with focus on the field of Telecommunications. The analysis is based on the databases of Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, computing publications in the last 10 and 3 years, showing a trend evaluation. Among the main results from this exploratory investigation, there is an exponential growth in the number of publications about NIR, ranging from research in physics to medicine. The way research contribution in different countries is also shown, in order to support the relevance of the topic in defining new tendencies for new investigations. Furthermore, the NIR exposure limits and measurement criteria are presented both in Brazilian and in international norms, demonstrating how different national regulations can be when compared to international guidelines. Another contribution is a case study in Natal, Brazil, where NIR levels were monitored in four distinct locations over a period of 24 hours each and compared to the current regulations. The result is a quantitative analysis of the amount of radiation that some populations might be exposed to in distinct moments of the day. Measurements were carried out in the proximity of an antenna spot, since it could represent a source of high NIR levels (a worst case of human exposure). This campaign differs from older studies by including a more intense usage of microwaves frequencies due to operating 4G and pre-5G systems in Brazil. Finally, a statistical study involving the measurements is conducted, concluding the analysis of how some population groups might be affected by NIR.

Topic: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Short-term nitrogen addition reduces soil microbial nitrogen fixation rate in subtropical <i>Pinus taiwanensis</i> and <i>Castanopsis faberi</i> forests].

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation is an important source of N in terrestrial ecosystems, but the response of soil microbial N fixation rate to N deposition in different forest ecosystems still remains uncertain. We conducted a field N addition experiment to simulate atmosphere N deposition in subtropical <i>Pinus taiwanensis</i> and <i>Castanopsis faberi</i> forests. We set up three levels of nitrogen addition using urea as the N source: 0 (control), 40 (low N), and 80 g N·hm<sup>-2</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>(high N) to examine the chemical properties, microbial biomass C, enzyme activities, and <i>nifH</i> gene copies of top soils (0-10 cm). We also measured the microbial N fixation rate using the <sup>15</sup>N labeling method. Results showed that N addition significantly reduced the soil microbial N fixation rate in the <i>P. taiwanensis</i> and <i>C. faberi</i> forests by 29%-33% and 10%-18%, respectively. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced N-acquiring enzyme (i.e., β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase) activity and <i>nifH</i> gene copies in both forest soils. There was a significant positive correlation between the microbial N fixation rate and soil dissolved organic C content in the <i>P. taiwanensis</i> forest, but a significant negative relationship between the rate of soil microbial nitrogen fixation and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content in the <i>C. faberi</i> forest. Overall, soil microbial N fixation function in the <i>P. taiwanensis</i> forest was more sensitive to N addition than that in the <i>C. faberi</i> forest, and the factors affecting microbial N fixation varied between the two forest soils. The study could provide insights into the effects of N addition on biological N fixation in forest ecosystems, and a theoretical basis for forest management.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ATTITUDES OF URBAN FEMALE CONSUMERS TOWARD FOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Socioeconomic, demographic, and location characteristics as well as opinions and views of South Korean urban females were analyzed to understand how these characteristics influence preferences for foods produced through different production practices. The generalized ordinal logistic model results show that education of the respondent and household location have significant influence on preferences. Age and income influence preferences for selected production techniques and respondents’ opinions on the use of pesticides and importance of other food attributes weaken preferences for food produced by conventional practices, but increase preferences for food produced using unconventional practices.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Modality analysis and algorithm design of stator short-circuit fault set for large compressed air energy storage generators

Using salt caverns and caves to build compressed air energy storage power stations is an important development direction in the field of large-scale energy storage. With the continuous maturity of technology, compressed air energy storage generators have gradually developed into large-scale units with a single-unit capacity of 300 MW. Due to the increase of single-unit capacity, the internal short-circuit fault of the stator will cause very serious losses. In addition, the compressed air energy storage generator has complex operating conditions and is more prone to various internal short-circuit faults. In order to effectively ensure its safe and reliable operation, it is particularly necessary to study the effective main protection configuration scheme. The optimal design of the main protection configuration scheme is based on the analysis of the possible internal short-circuit faults of the generator. At present, the stator windings of large-scale compressed air energy storage generators generally adopt double-layer wave winding or double-layer tap winding structures. For these two winding structures, this paper analyzes in detail the characteristics of all fault modalities that may occur inside the large-capacity compressed air energy storage generator and designs a general algorithm that can form their respective fault sets. Finally, the application of the algorithm in the analysis of the stator fault modality in a compressed air energy storage power station is introduced.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Particle flux in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

An array of five bottom-tethered moorings with 19 PARFLUX time-series sediment trap at three depths (1 and 2 km below the surface, and 0.7 km above the sea-floor) was deployed in the western Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, along 170°W. The five stations were selected to sample settling particles in the main hydrological zones of the Southern Ocean. The sampling period spanned 425 days (November 28, 1996-January 23, 1998) and was divided into 13 or 21 synchronized time intervals. A total of 174 sequential samples were recovered and analyzed to estimate fluxes of total mass (TMF), organic carbon, carbonate, biogenic silica, and lithogenic particles. The fluxes of biogenic material were higher than anticipated, challenging the notion that the Southern Ocean is a low-productivity region. Organic carbon fluxes at 1 km depth within the Polar Frontal Zone and the Antarctic Zone were relatively uniform (1.7-2.3 g/m**2/yr), and about twice the estimated ocean-wide average (ca. 1 g/m**2/yr). Carbonate fluxes were also high and uniform between the Subantarctic Front and ca. 64°S (11-13 g/m**/yr). A large fraction of the carbonate flux in the Antarctic Zone was due to the presence of pteropod shells. Coccoliths were found only to the north of the Polar Front, and calcium carbonate became the dominant phase in the Subantarctic Zone. In contrast, carbonate particles were nearly absent near 64°S. Latitudinal variations in biogenic silica fluxes were substantial. The large opal flux (57 g/m**2/yr) measured in the Antarctic Zone suggests that opal productivity in this region has been previously underestimated and helps to explain the high sedimentary opal accumulation often found south of the Polar Front. Unlike biogenic material, fluxes of lithogenic particles were among the lowest measured in the open-ocean (0.12-0.05 g/m**2/yr), reflecting a very low dust input.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Validation of Xanthophyll Levels in Catfish Fillets Using Digital Photography

Catfish fillets with yellow coloration have become a prevalent problem for the catfish industry. This problem is due to the unacceptability in the market because the shift in fillet color is considered of lower quality by the consumers. To help the catfish industry better understand the yellow coloration of catfish fillet, a digital photography measurement method was developed to evaluate the yellowness. Sixty catfish fillets with a range of degrees of visible yellowness were taken directly from the processing line. The fillets were photographed in a light box with a digital camera. The photos were calibrated with the X-Rite ColorChecker standardized color target. CIELAB readings of the fillet photos were recorded, and the b* value was used to indicate the yellowness of catfish fillets. The xanthophyll levels of fillets were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. The actual xanthophyll level in catfish fillet was calculated as the sum of lutein, zeaxanthin, and alloxanthin. A linear correlation was found between the LAB b* values and xanthophyll levels of the 60 catfish fillets.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Automatic Identification of Product Usage Contexts from Online Customer Reviews

Abstract There are three product design contexts that may significantly affect the design of a product and customer preferences towards product attributes, i.e. customer context, market context, and usage context factors. The conventional methods to gather product usage contexts may be costly and time consuming to conduct. As an alternative, this paper aims to automatically identify product usage contexts from publicly available online customer reviews. The proposed methodology consists of Preprocessing, Word Embedding, and Usage Context Clustering stages. The methodology is applied to identify usage contexts from laptop customer reviews, which results in 16 clusters of usage contexts. Furthermore, analyzing the review sentences explains the separation of “playing games” –which is more related to casual gaming, and “gaming rig” –which implies high computing power requirements. Finally, comparing customer review with manufacturer's product description may reveal a discrepancy to be investigated further by product designer, e.g. a customer suggests a laptop for basic use, although the manufacturer's description describes it for heavy use.

Topic: Digital Marketing and Social Media
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Coevolution of social norms and cooperation in public and private situations

Cooperation in human society is sustained by reputation. In general, the reputation of an individual is determined by others who observe his behavior, but this rarely happens in private situations. This may cause people to behave inconsistently, cooperating in public and not cooperating in private. A previous experiment showed that people gave a lower reputation to an individual who cooperated in public but defected in private rather than a consistently uncooperative individual regardless of public and private situations. However, the reason behind this is unclear. Here, we study how cooperation and the reputational mechanism co-evolve on the condition that two types of interaction (public and private) exist. The simulation results show that the evolved social norm is characterized by at least one of the following: preference for consistent or aversion of inconsistent behavior in both interactions when the risk that behaviors in private interactions are observed exceeds a certain threshold. We also find that such social norms promote cooperation in private situations as well as in public ones.

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Inhaled pirfenidone is associated with better quality of life scores in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

<b>Introduction:</b> AP01 is a novel formulation of inhaled pirfenidone with potentially improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to oral pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). The serial change in Quantitative Lung Fibrosis (ΔQLF) on thoracic High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) correlates with changes in FVC. Correlation of longitudinal changes in quality of life (QOL) and&nbsp;ΔQLF is less established. <b>Objective:</b> AP01-002 was a Phase 1b trial comparing the safety and tolerability of AP01 50mg once daily (od) and 100mg twice daily (bd) in IPF. <b>Methods:</b> 91 patients were randomized to receive AP01 50 mg od or 100 mg bd. HRCTs were performed at baseline and 24 weeks. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and QOL measures, such as the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (KBILD) questionnaire, were collected. QLF improvement was defined as a &gt; 2% reduction in QLF score from baseline to 24 weeks. KBILD Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is 5 points. <b>Results:</b> 69 patients underwent baseline and week 24 HRCT scans with appropriate image quality for analysis. The mean slope FVC decline at 48 weeks was 187 ml with 50mg od (n=38) and 57 ml with 100mg bd (n=31) AP01. Similar proportions on both regimes had a reduction in QLF (16% on 50mg od; 16% on 100mg bd) and QLF stabilization (47% 50 mg od; 55% 100mg bd). ΔQLF and change in FVC showed stronger correlation in 100mg bd. Subjects with improved QLF had higher average KBILD total scores from baseline. This was apparent from week 8 (8 points) and sustained until week 48 (&gt;20 points) in 100 mg bd. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study shows a strong and lasting association between HRCT response and KBILD, a validated and meaningful study endpoint.

Topic: Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Changes in Karyotype and Azole Susceptibility of Sequential Bloodstream Isolates from Patients with <i>Candida glabrata</i> Candidemia

ABSTRACT We examined the changes in genotypes and azole susceptibilities among sequential bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata during the course of fungemia and the relationship of these changes to antifungal therapy. Forty-one isolates were obtained from 15 patients (9 patients who received antifungal therapy and 6 patients who did not) over periods of up to 36 days. The isolates were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and tested for antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA by use of NotI (REAG-N). The 41 isolates yielded 23 different karyotypes and 11 different REAG-N patterns but only 3 MLST types. The sequential strains from each patient had identical or similar REAG-N patterns. However, they had two or three different karyotypes in 6 (40%) of 15 patients. The isolates from these six patients exhibited the same or similar azole susceptibilities, and five patients did not receive antifungal therapy. Development of acquired azole resistance in sequential isolates was detected for only one patient. For this patient, an isolate of the same genotype obtained after azole therapy showed three- or fourfold increases in the MICs of all three azole antifungals and exhibited increased expression of the CgCDR1 efflux pump. This study shows that karyotypic changes can develop rapidly among sequential bloodstream strains of C. glabrata from the same patient without antifungal therapy. In addition, we confirmed that C. glabrata could acquire azole resistance during the course of fungemia in association with azole therapy.

Topic: Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences