jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of adenine nucleotide derivatives to assess the potential of exo-active-site-directed reagents as species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inactivators. 3. Synthesis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate derivatives with N6- or 8-substituents bearing iodoacetyl groups

Several series of N6- or 8-substituted derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) were synthesized. N6-(omega-Aminoalkyl) derivatives of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) were converted into their omega-N-carbobenzyloxy derivatives, and these were converted, via the 2',3'-O-carbonyl derivatives of their 5'-phosphorimidazolidates, into the corresponding ATP derivatives. Hydrogenolytic removal of the carbobenzyloxy groups, followed by iodoacetylation of the omega-amino groups with N-(iodoacetoxy)succinimide, gave N6-R-ATP, where R = (CH2)nNHCOCH2I (n = 2--8) or (CH2)nCON)CH3)(CH2)mN(CH3)CO(CH2)nNHCOCH2I (n = m = 3; n = 3, m = 4; n = 4, m = 3; n = m = 4). Condensation of N6-(omega-aminoalkyl) derivatives of AMP with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of omega-[N-(carbobenzyloxy)amino] carboxylic acids gave N6-(CH2)nNHCO(CH2)mNH-Cbz derivatives of AMP which, upon conversion to the corresponding derivatives of ATP, followed by removal of the carbobenzyloxy group and iodoacetylation, as described above, gave N6-(CH2)nNHCO(CH2)mNHCOCH2I-ATP derivatives (n = 3, m = 5 or 6; n = 4, m = 5; n = 6, m = 1--6). The same sequence of reactions starting with N6-[omega-(methylamino)alkyl] derivatives of N6-CH3-AMP gave N6-CH3, N6-(CH2)nH(CH3)CO(CH2)mNHCOCH2I derivatives of ATP (n = 4, m = 3, 5 or 6; n = 6, m = 5 or 6). Reaction of alpha, omega-diaminoalkanes with 8-Br-ATP gave 8-NH(CH2)nNH2 derivatives of ATP, which upon iodoacetylation gave 8-NH(CH2)nNHCOCH2I derivatives of ATP (n = 2, 4, 6, or 8). Substrate and inhibitor properties indicated that the ATP derivatives are potential exco-ATP-site-directed inactivators of hexokinases, adenylate kinases, and pyruvate kinases.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Assessing the Productivity of Countries in the Asia Pacific

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and discuss the productivity growth of post-global financial crisis of 2008 for 16 countries in the Asia Pacific region. The productivity growth is measured by the total factor productivity (TFP) growth and is estimated using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) technique based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach over the period of 2010-2017. The TFP indices of 16 countries were estimated using the DEAP 2.1 software. Overall, the Asia Pacific region shows the productivity growth of -0.6% throughout a period from 2010 to 2016. The results convey that Asia Pacific region experienced the highest and positive growth of TFP in year 2013, 2010 followed by 2014. Meanwhile, year 2016 recorded negative and lowest TFP growth followed by year 2011, 2015 and 2012. The DEA-MPI result also revealed that the TFP growth for most of the countries in Asia Pacific region for the period of this study is driven by efficiency change rather than technological change due to low investment in innovative technology.

Topic: Economic Growth and Productivity
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Preorganization Increases the Self-Assembling Ability and Antitumor Efficacy of Peptide Nanomedicine

Inspired by the biological process of phosphorylation for which different sites of the same protein may have different activities and functions, we utilized phosphatase-based enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) to construct self-assembled nanomedicine from the precursors with different phosphorylated sites. We found that, although the obtained self-assembling molecules after EISA were identical, the changes of EISA catalytic sites could determine the outcome of molecular self-assembly. The precursor with the phosphorylated site in the middle preorganized before EISA, while the ones with other phosphorylated sites could not preorganize before EISA. After EISA, the preorganized precursor then resulted in more stable and ordered assemblies than those of the others, which showed increased cellular uptake and up to 1.7-fold higher efficacy in an antitumor therapeutic compared to those assembled from unorganized precursors.

Topic: Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fibrinogen Bergamo I (A alpha 16Arg----Cys): susceptibility towards thrombin following aminoethylation, methylation or carboxamidomethylation of cysteine residues.

An abnormal fibrinogen, denoted as "fibrinogen Bergamo I", has been characterized. Its defect consists in an exchange of arginine by cysteine in position 16 of the A alpha-chain, thus corresponding to that found in a number of other fibrinogen variants. The abnormal fibrinopeptide A cannot be split off by thrombin from intact fibrinogen Bergamo I. We describe three different chemical modifications of the cysteine A alpha 16, i.e. aminoethylation, methylation and carboxamidomethylation, and their effects on the susceptibility of fibrinogen Bergamo I towards thrombin attack. S-aminoethylation of the A alpha 16Cys renders the peptide bond A alpha 16-17 cleavable by thrombin. Following methylation or carboxamidomethylation, the A alpha 19-arginyl bond becomes accessible for thrombin. The chemically modified extended fibrinopeptide A can be readily separated from the normal fibrinopeptide A by HPLC. The latter two modifications are suitable alternative procedures for detecting the molecular defect A alpha 16Arg----Cys of fibrinogen.

Topic: Blood properties and coagulation
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
EFFECT OF POTATO FOLIAGE INFECTED WITH POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS ON FECUNDITY AND LONGEVITY OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, <i>LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA</i> (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

Abstract Female Colorado potato beetles fed foliage of Solarium tuberosum of the Russet Burbank variety infected with potato leafroll virus have lower fecundity and shorter longevity than those fed virus-free foliage. Also, female beetles prefer feeding on foliage infected with potato leafroll virus. This observation could be of importance in the development of resistant varieties of potatoes to potato beetles.

Topic: Plant Virus Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Redefining economic efficiency using a case study of sugarcane harvest-transport systems. A job for pluralist thinking

Despite the Queensland sugar industry’s status as a low-cost producer of sugar, there appears to be considerable scope to reduce costs by improving the efficiency of the cane harvesting and transport process, especially in the Mackay district. The key areas of inefficiency result from poor utilisation of both harvesting and mill transport equipment. Insights from the research approach used to address the key issues of this problem - the potential savings from raising the efficiency of sugarcane harvesttransport systems, and the failure of the Mackay district to adopt measures to improve the efficiency of its harvest-transport systems – are discussed in this paper.

Topic: Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Deux maladies génétiques : la drépanocytose et les thalassémies. Enquêtes en région parisienne

Neonatal screening of sickle cell discase and thalassemias in Paris : two major genetic disorders among immigrant populations from the South. Jacques ROCHETTE and Yves CHARBIT « Hemoglobinopathies » is a common term for inherited disorders of hemoglobin, the major constituant of red blood cells. Numerically, the most important are thalassemias caused by a reduced rate of synthesis of hemoglobin subunits ; and the sickle celle disease is caused by structural modifications of this protein. The hemoglobinopathies used to be very rare in Northern Europe, but since the 1950s their incidence has increased steadily because of intra-European and gobal migration. This is particularly true in France where the immigration of various ethnic groups at risk for hemoglobinopathies is growing up and amplifled by the qualitative change in these populations which include an increasing number of young women and children. It is commonly accepted that early diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of sickle cell disease can reduce mortality and morbidity. We have therefore undertaken neonatal screening for genetic hemoglobin disorders in the center and in the south suburb of Paris. Taking into account the composition of the populations the incidence of hemoglobinopathies was as expected. Beside the neonatal screening we have done, other periods could be the school medicine of young people and the antenatal clinic of pregnant women. This last procedure is the only one efficient allowing to offer genetic counselling for people at risk and the possibility of prenatal diagnosis.

Topic: Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
New design for phototherapy device and skin colour analysis

The phototherapy also called as a light therapy is used extensively to reduce the high bilirubin levels of the newborns suffering from jaundice. This light therapy consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelength of light using light emitting diodes, lasers, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full spectrum light. In existing phototherapy devices, there is direct exposure of radiation on the neonate's eyes and also to the surroundings that may cause nausea, giddiness and headache to the staffs working in the nursery. In this paper, a new prototype which avoids exposure of radiation to the eyes as well as to the surrounding area has been designed. An array consisting of 10 blue LEDs and 2 white LEDs are placed in a series-parallel configuration which ensures uniform illumination of light to the body alone. In this device the user can set the intensity level and the time of illumination prior to the treatment. A non-invasive method to detect the jaundice has also been done with image processing by analysing the spectrogram that compares the images of the jaundice skin and the normal skin.

Topic: Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Managing knowledge through social media

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise social media usage (SMU) as a contributory, knowledge management (KM) tool towards entrepreneurial behaviour amongst small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although an underdeveloped concept in entrepreneurship, the conceptual analysis of KM presents evidence which links SMU as complementary to changing KM conventions. Design/methodology/approach The pertinent KM and SMU literatures of the SME context were reviewed to form an understanding of this context. Employing a mixed-methods approach, a pragmatic, thematic investigation of SMU-enhanced KM was facilitated. Findings Substantial benefits of innovative SMU, as a management tool towards SME entrepreneurialism, were witnessed. SMU enhances the administration of real-time knowledge, encouraging creativity. However, longer-term costs of employing requisite personnel, and anticipated organisational restructuring, present challenges. The paper identifies the potentials of social media technologies in overcoming KM issues. The authors propose a reasoned process model towards entrepreneurial exploitation by acknowledging systematic phases of research, concept, institutionalise, develop, target and assess, referred to as the RCIDTA model. Practical implications The authors argue that KM, through social media, facilitates interactions to execute innovative processes within SMEs ever-changing infrastructures. It also informs nascent entrepreneurs, in considering the benefits of systematic KM, and novel SMU, opportunities. The RCIDTA model for SMEs can be utilised in improving knowledge ecosystems of entrepreneurial SMEs, promoting innovation towards sustained organisation growth. Originality/value This paper embraces the growing approach of SMEs applying SMU. SMU and its cost efficiency support the start-up activity. This paper highlights central issues concerning the exploitation of sector-specific KM, including organisational strategy, structure, brand formation, fiscal and personnel resource allocation and market share.

Topic: Knowledge Management and Sharing
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Editing <i>Streptomyces</i> genome using target AID system fused with UGI‐degradation tag

Abstract The utilization of Streptomyces as a microbial chassis for developing innovative drugs and medicinal compounds showcases its capability to produce bioactive natural substances. Recent focus on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology highlights its potential in genome editing. However, applying CRISPR technology in certain microbial strains, particularly Streptomyces , encounters specific challenges. These challenges include achieving efficient gene expression and maintaining genetic stability, which are critical for successful genome editing. To overcome these obstacles, an innovative approach has been developed that combines several key elements: activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID), nuclease‐deficient cas9 variants (dCas9), and Petromyzon marinus cytidine deaminase 1 (PmCDA1). In this study, this novel strategy was employed to engineer a Streptomyces coelicolor strain. The target gene was actVA‐ORF4 (SCO5079), which is involved in actinorhodin production. The engineering process involved introducing a specific construct [pGM1190‐dcas9‐pmCDA‐UGI‐AAV‐actVA‐ORF4 (SCO5079)] to create a CrA10 mutant strain. The resulting CrA10 mutant strain did not produce actinorhodin. This outcome highlights the potential of this combined approach in the genetic manipulation of Streptomyces . The failure of the CrA10 mutant to produce actinorhodin conclusively demonstrates the success of gene editing at the targeted site, affirming the effectiveness of this method for precise genetic modifications in Streptomyces .

Topic: CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
A catalytic assembly triggered DNAzyme motor on spherical nucleic acids for sensitive small extracellular vesicle detection

The expression levels of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are closely associated with several significant biological processes, which can be used as a crucial biomarker for cancer diagnosis, such as colorectal cancer.

Topic: Extracellular vesicles in disease
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF PARALLEL ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH TRAINING ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC POWER AND MAXIMAL STRENGTH OF TRAINED ADOLESCENT MALE TAEKWONDO PLAYERS

The aim of this research is the study effect of combination of parallel endurance and strengthtraining on aerobic and anaerobic power and maximal strength of trained adolescent maletaekwondo players. Methodology: To achieve to aim of study; 50 taekwondo players wereconsidered as subjects. Then thay distribute to 5 groups (strength; endurance; strengthendurance;endurance-strength and control). Than take a primary test and all groups pay to theirtraining programs for 8 weeks. In end of training a take final test. For analyze gathering datawas used from SPSS software.Results: Results demonstrate there is meaningful difference inaerobic power; maximum anaerobic; relative maximal strength of lower and upper extremitiesof players after 8 weeks training. Conclusion: Implementation of combined endurance andstrength exercises that recently considered to title of a new training method integrate attentionof many of sport researchers has high efficiency and considered to effective training method inimprove and develop aerobic and anaerobic power and maximal strength.

Topic: Study of Mite Species
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE Viridans Group Streptococci Clinical Isolates: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry versus Gene Sequence-Based Identification

Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) species-level identification is fundamental for patients management. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used for VGS identification but discrimination within the Mitis group resulted difficult. In this study, VGS identifications with two MALDI-TOF instruments, the Biotyper (Bruker) and the VITEK MS (bioMérieux) have been compared to those derived from tuf, soda and rpoB genes sequencing. VGS isolates were clustered and a dendrogram constructed using the Biotyper 3.0 software (Bruker). RpoB gene sequencing resulted the most sensitive and specific molecular method for S. pneumonia identification and was used as reference method. The sensitivity and the specificity of the VITEK MS in S. pneumonia identification were 100%, while the Biotyper resulted less specific (92.4%). In non pneumo-coccal VGS strains, the group-level correlation between rpoB and the Biotyper was 100%, while the species-level correlation was 61 % after database upgrading (than 37 % before up-grading). The group-level correlation between rpoB and the VITEK MS was 100%, while the species-level correlation was 36 % and increases at 69 % if isolates identified as S.mitis/S.

Topic: Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement

The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship between different parenting styles (authoritarian, autocratic, and permissive) and the educational achievement of students. For that matter, a sample of 262 people has been chosen amongst male and female students at the first grade of theoretical high schools in the city of Karaj, through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The necessary data has been collected by the use of measuring tools like the parenting style questionnaire of Diana Baumrind (1971). The validity and reliability of the mentioned questionnaires was confirmed. The results of multivariable regression analysis, obtained through the simultaneous method, had indicated that there was a meaningful and positive relationship observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the academic achievement, and there is not a relationship observed between the two other styles (autocratic and permissive) and the educational achievement. Also, there is a meaningful difference the educational achievements of male and female students, which was clarified through the statistical test for the independent mean differences (the independent t). (Sadigh Masafoor. The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement. Life Sci J

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SEMANTICS OF “MOTION” IN THE LEXICAL MEANINGS OF THE DENOTATIVE SPHERE OF SPORT: THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX SEMANTICS

АСПЕКТЫ СЕМАНТИКИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯХ ДЕНОТАТИВНОЙ СФЕРЫ «СПОРТ»: СПЕЦИФИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ СЕМАНТИКИВ статье рассматривается проблема формирования лексических значений комплексного типа, которые относятся одновременно к нескольким семантическим классам.Материалом работы является лексика двух взаимодействующих денотативных сфер -«Спорт» и «Движение».Специфика комплексной семантики этой лексики определяется своеобразием пересекающихся денотативных классов, один из которых является социальным, а другой -конкретно-физическим.Универсальные признаки ситуации движения (сферы-донора) избирательно используются в лексике конкретных групп спортивной сферы -таких, как «Виды спорта и спортивных игр», «Спортивные упражнения», «Человек, занимающийся спортом» и др.По-разному актуальны для выделенных классов характеристики движения, среди которых самые заметные субъектнообъектные и обстоятельственные (пространственные и временны ̀е, а также признак способа действия).Так, субъектно-объектные отношения в ситуации движения/перемещения являются базовыми для лексических значений групп «Человек, занимающийся спортом» и «Спортивный инвентарь, спортивные снаряды, приспособления».Среди пространственных признаков ситуации движения наиболее значимы характеристики направления и среды (или места).Из временны ̀х признаков для сферы «Спорт» наиболее существен признак 'скорость' движения.Признаки группы «способ движения» включают специфику главной движущей силы, а также 'затрудненность' и 'повторяемость' (или 'ритмичность') движения.Делаются выводы о продуктивности исследования комплексной семантики на примере таких близких и в то же время разных по характеру денотативных классов, как «Спорт» и Движение», а также о возможности использования полученных результатов в теоретической семантике и лексикографической практике.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Uridine Nucleosidase from Malt

Uridine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.3) has been purified from malt by a factor of over 900 by combined ammonium sulfate precipitation, calcium phosphate gel treatment, Trisacryl M diethylaminoethyl chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative electrophoresis. The enzyme had a temperature optimum of about 60° C and pH optimum of 7.5. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 117,000, the pI was 6.3, the Km for uridine was 0.1 mM, and the activation energy was 6.5 kcal/mole. Uridine nucleosidase showed a very narrow specificity, being active only against uridine.

Topic: Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPREHENSIVE APPRAISAL OF TOURISM RESOURCES IN LINZHI COUNTY AND NEAR REGIONS

There are plenty of tourism resources in Linzhi county and near regions, The value of natural and human landscapes is great obvious, especially, the integration of natural and human landscapes raised dramatically the value of tour in southeastern Tibet, or even overall the Tibet Autonomous Region. The paper appraises all tour resources in the region by qualitative and quantitative methods, The conclusion which is classified into the second_class tourism region is drawn out, at the same time, the paper puts forth the direction of developing utilizing and protecting tourism resources.The author thinks that the value of natural resources is prominent in particular in the fields of scientific investigation and adventure.No doubt that the value of natural tour resources can be classified into the first class if regardless standard of economy and infrastructure conditions. Therefore,The main orientation of developing tour resources in the region is to promote scientific investigation, adventure and study programmes development.But it is difficult for the region to develop common people market and industrialization of tour resources in near years.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences