jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic and biochemical characterization of an acquired subgroup B3 metallo-棺-lactamase gene, bla AIM-1, and its unique genetic context in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Australia

Three clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (WCH2677, WCH2813, and WCH2837) isolated from the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, produced a metallo-棺-lactamase (MBL)-positive Etest result. All isolates were PCR negative for known MBL genes. A gene bank was created, and an MBL gene, designated blaAIM-1, was cloned and fully characterized. The encoded enzyme, AIM-1, is a group B3 MBL that has the highest level of identity to THIN-B and L1. It is chromosomal and flanked by two copies (one intact and one truncated) of an ISCR element, ISCR15. Southern hybridization studies indicated the movement of both ISCR15 and blaAIM-1 within the three different clinical isolates. AIM-1 hydrolyzes most 棺-lactams, with the exception of aztreonam and, to a lesser extent, ceftazidime; however, it possesses significantly higher kcat values for cefepime and carbapenems than most other MBLs. AIM-1 was the first mobile group B3 enzyme detected and signals further problems for already beleaguered antimicrobial regimes to treat serious P. aeruginosa and other Gram-negative infections.

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Subfield: Molecular Medicine
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Development and Justification of Strategy for Ensuring Financial Security of Commercial Bank

Theoretical and methodological bases of forming the strategy for ensuring bank's financial security according to the value-oriented approach have been developed and substantiated.The essence of bank's financial security strategy according to the value-oriented approach has been determined.Scientific and methodological principles of valueoriented strategy forming for ensuring commercial banks financial security have been substantiated.This strategy is considered as a model of generalization of actions to maximize market value of commercial bank, providing effective use of invested capital, financial stability, preservation and increase of assets with prevention of possible risks and protection from existing internal and external threats to achieve key objectives.The main stages of development, substantiation and implementation of bank's financial security strategy have been identified.It has been established that the choice of bank's value growth strategy depends on the level of financial security.Assessment of key components of bank's financial security integrated indicator has revealed that most of the surveyed banks are characterized by low and critical level of this indicator.Components that have the greatest impact on the level of security and bank's value have been identified.Results of bank's financial security integrated indicator should be used in the development of bank's value-oriented strategy.Scientific and practical approach to evaluation of value-oriented strategic decisions to ensure financial security of commercial banks has been substantiated.It has been established that application of these methods makes it possible to quickly identify the causes of deviations from the safe level of bank and take measures to increase the value of banking business.

Topic: Banking, Crisis Management, COVID-19 Impact
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nanometric-Scale Fluctuations of Intrinsic Electric Fields in GaN/AlGaN Quantum Wells with Inversion Domains

Strain and electric field fluctuations in regions of different polarities in GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) structures of dominant N-polarity with inversion domains (IDs) split the photoluminescence (PL) emission into two bands. Micro-PL and time-resolved PL studies reveal strong inhomogeneity of the array of the IDs, where essential parameters, such as strain, electric fields, and sizes are fluctuating quantities. We demonstrate also that the ID formation decreases the intrinsic electric field magnitudes.

Topic: GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Materials Data on FeSb2C6(OF2)6 by Materials Project

Fe(CO)6(SbF6)2 is Fluorite structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mnc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Fe(CO)6 clusters and four SbF6 clusters. In each Fe(CO)6 cluster, Fe2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six C+2.67+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.92 Å) and four longer (1.93 Å) Fe–C bond length. There are four inequivalent C+2.67+ sites. In the first C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Fe2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.13 Å. In the second C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Fe2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.13 Å. In the third C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Fe2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.13 Å. In the fourth C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Fe2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.13 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.67+ atom. In each SbF6 cluster, Sb3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F1- atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and four longer (1.93 Å) Sb–F bond length. There are two inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb3+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb3+ atom.

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Forceps: towards obsolescence or revival?

Abstract Cesarean section rates have become a political issue, attracting the attention of governments, health bureaucrats and professional organizations. In some instances this has led to a renewed interest in forceps delivery, even Kielland's rotational forceps. It is suggested that calls for a greater use of forceps, especially rotational forceps, are ill‐advised and commonly based on ignorance of recent urogynecological and imaging literature. Forceps use is associated with a much higher likelihood of major maternal trauma, especially to the anal sphincter and levator ani muscles, which may result in substantial future morbidity. Hence, its use should be avoided whenever possible. This is particularly obvious for rotational forceps.

Topic: Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of Different Composition in Maxingshigan Decoction on Contents of Glycyrrhizic Acid

OBJECTIVE To inspect the effect of different composition in Maxingshigan Decoction on the contents of glycyrrhizic acid.METHODS Using the method of mixture-even-design-law,the licorice quantity was fixed in Maxingshigan Tang,the other raw materials(Herba Ephedrae,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,Gypsum Fibrosum)was taken as the in variable factor.The glycyrrhizic acid was measured and regression analysis was processed.RESULTS The regression equations were Y=5.634 604 20+3.819 566 922X1+1.493 484 653 7X3(r=0.831 93,P=0.029 2).Ephedra sinica was the main influent factor of the contents of glycyrrhizic acid in different compositions.CONCLUSION The dissolving rate of glycyrrhizic acid is proportional positively to the quantity of ephedrine.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
xPitx1 plays a role in specifying cement gland and head during earlyXenopus development

Xenopus Pitx1 is a homeobox gene whose family members are structurally and functionally conserved in organisms as diverse as Drosophila, chick, mouse, human, and frog. Present as a maternal transcript, the gene is zygotically expressed during gastrulation in a dorsal streak of cells. This streak restricts to a small circular domain underlying the center of presumptive neural plate. Shortly thereafter, a crescent of expression develops at the border of anterior neural ectoderm, and as the central plate domain diminishes, the crescent coalesces to define the presumptive cement gland. Expression remains high throughout cement gland development, and subsequently expands to include ectodermal cells involved in stomodeal invagination. During early organogenesis, expression ensues in developing eye, posterior lateral mesoderm, and first branchial arch derivatives. Ectopic expression of xPitx1 causes head deformities including enlarged cement gland, ectopic cement glands, and posterior deformities or, in extreme cases, inhibition of recognizable structures posterior to the cement gland. Expression of markers such as XCG-1, xOtx2, xPax6, neuralbeta tubulin, and xTwist suggest that increases in cement gland and lower mandibular size are likely at the expense of other head tissues. Paradoxically, overexpression is sufficient to partially rescue embryos that are axially perturbed by ultraviolet irradiation or retinoic acid administration. Ectopic expression of xPitx1 in ectodermal explants directly promotes cement gland development as there was no evidence that mesodermal or neural tissue was present in explants.

Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Seven-year-olds’ imaginative engagement with play in non-virtual and virtual contexts

This thesis focuses on the imaginative activities that are present in middle childhood, and &#13;\nhow children engage in the fictional worlds created during play in non-virtual and virtual activities. &#13;\nThis was investigated in the context of the Cardiff Child Development Study, a UK-based &#13;\nprospective longitudinal study of first-born children. &#13;\nIn Chapter 3, I analysed questionnaire data on children’s play activities. The children were &#13;\nreported by caregivers’ as enjoying a variety of playful and imaginative activities, including activities &#13;\npreviously considered to be absent at this age, or neglected in previous research. Gender differences &#13;\nwere reported for some activities, supporting those found in existing literature. &#13;\nIn Chapters 4 and 5, I developed coding schemes of children’s engagement with the fictional &#13;\nworld (play frame) created when children played with Playmobil figures, and their immersion in the &#13;\nvirtual world of a bespoke video game. Children’s engagement with the play frame was considered to &#13;\nbe in the role of an actor, manager, or narrator of the play. Children’s engagement with the video &#13;\ngame was considered to reflect their immersive engagement with the virtual world or functional &#13;\nengagement with the mechanics of the game. Boys were more engaged in the role of an actor in the &#13;\nplay frame and more immersed with the virtual world than girls. &#13;\nIn Chapter 6, I examined links between the virtual and non-virtual tasks. Positive associations &#13;\nwere found between children’s engagement as an actor and their immersion, even when controlling &#13;\nfor gender. Children’s references to the internal states of the fictional characters were also compared &#13;\nas an indication of their engagement with the fictional worlds, and were associated across contexts &#13;\nwhen controlling for receptive vocabulary and gender. &#13;\nThese findings add to knowledge regarding imagination in childhood, in supporting that &#13;\nchildren’s engagement in fictional worlds represents an expression of an imaginative characteristic.

Topic: Child Development and Digital Technology
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Strategies to Improve Meat Products’ Quality

Meat products represent an important component of the human diet, their consumption registering a global increase over the last few years. These foodstuffs constitute a good source of energy and some nutrients, such as essential amino acids, high biological value proteins, minerals like iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and B-complex vitamins, especially vitamin B12. On the other hand, nutritionists have associated high consumption of processed meat with an increased risk of several diseases. Researchers and processed meat producers are involved in finding methods to eliminate nutritional deficiencies and potentially toxic compounds, to obtain healthier products and at the same time with no affecting the sensorial quality and safety of the meat products. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the most important methods that can be applied to obtain high-quality products. Nutritional enrichment with natural bioactive plant compounds (antioxidants, dietary fibers) or probiotics, reduction of harmful components (salt, nitrate/nitrite, N-nitrosamines) and the use of alternative technologies (high-pressure processing, cold plasma, ultrasounds) are the most used current strategies to accomplish this aim.

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into amino acids during the anaerobic germination of rice Short Communication

Summary. Incorporation of 15NO3- into amino acids was studied during the anaerobic germination of rice seeds. In treated coleoptiles, the label was incorporated into glutamine, glutamate, alanine, 7-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), arginine, aspartate and methionine. These findings are consistent with a primary incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into glutamine, glutamate and aspartate, and their further conversion to alanine, Gaba, arginine and methionine.

Topic: GABA and Rice Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
GAS‐LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CARBON DISULFIDE IN SHIITAKE MUSHROOM (Lentinus edodes)

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid chromatographic procedure for the determination of carbon disulfide in shiifake mushrooms was developed. The method involves homogenization of dried mushroom, followed by distillation of the homogenate in the presence of acetone. Carbon disulfide in acetone is determined by GLC with a flame photometric detecting system. The carbon disulfide content in dried mushroom was affected considerably by the pH of homogenation and distillation; 0.02–3.4 ppm of carbon disulfide in dried mushrooms under acidic condition increased to 0.98–72.5 ppm under neutral conditions. The increased carbon disulfide under neutral conditions is purported to be derived from a mushroom component. Therefore, residual carbon disulfide in dried shiitake mushrooms must be determined under acidic conditions of homogenation and distillation. The lower delection limit was 0.025 ppm.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects Of 4-week Crossfit Training On Weightlifters’ Body Composition

BACKGROUND: Crossfit training includes olympic weightlifting, gymnastics, and sprint. Previous studies revealed that crossfit training could increase cardiovascular fitness and decrease body fat, but it lacked crucial evidence for athletes, especially weightlifters. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 4-week crossfit training on weightlifters’ body composition. METHOD: Eight college weightlifters participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, which were resistance training group (RT, n = 4), and crossfit training group (CF, = 4). Both groups received training 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Snatch performance and body composition from both groups were measured at week 0 and week 5. RESULT: The result showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in all variables. CF significantly decreased in average rate of force development (RFD) of snatch, but significantly increased isokinetic strength and thigh muscle mass at week 5. RT significantly decreased on average RFD of snatch, but significantly increased body fat at week 5. CONCLUSION: The results showed that muscle mass increased after a 4-week crossfit training, but body fat level did not decrease. Thus, crossfit training is not suggested to be adopted to rapidly lose weight in pre-competitive phase. Key words: body composition, high intensity interval training, body fat

Topic: Sports Performance and Training
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Calculation of Moments from Measurements by the Los Alamos Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer

The various steps involved in computing the moments (density, velocity, and temperature) of the ion and electron distributions measured with the Los Alamos Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) are described. The assumptions, constants, and algorithms contained in the FORTRAN code are presented, as well as the output parameters produced by the code.

Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acromegalic Cardiomyopathy

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder that carries a significant burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in acromegaly lead to the characteristic cardiovascular manifestations of this disease. One hallmark feature of the disease is acromegalic cardiomyopathy, a syndrome of progressive cardiac dysfunction characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the very advanced stage. In this article, we review the current concepts regarding the pathophysiology of acromegalic cardiomyopathy and discuss the various risk factors for its development. We also explore the question of whether the alterations in cardiac function are reversible with successful biochemical control of growth hormone excess either medically or surgically.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Association of SNPs 1Megabase from each &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt; gene.

&lt;p&gt;For each SNP the X axis represents the distance in base pairs from either the 5′ or 3′ end of the gene. If SNPs occur within the gene, either in introns or exons, they are given a distance of zero. SNPs in &lt;i&gt;IL6R&lt;/i&gt; &lt;1×10&lt;sup&gt;−25&lt;/sup&gt; not shown.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 13 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with Lewis Acidic Ligands

This chapter covers metal complexes with ligating Group 13 element atoms. Since these elements have ns2p1 electron configurations, they are considered to be Lewis acidic and electron-deficient, with a vacant p orbital. As a result, their complexes show a range of characteristics not found for carbon, such as the existence of three-center-two electron bonds, π-interactions different to those in M–Si compounds, the formation of Lewis acid–base adducts and high reactivity. The first sections are dedicated to examples of boryl and borylene complex synthesis and reactions due to their uniqueness and significant differences to heavier boron congeners. The later sections deal with the remaining Group 13 elements. Bonding in the different structural types is explained in detail, since this is central to understanding the chemistry. A number of approaches to synthesis are covered, with examples of each.

Topic: Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Feasibility of hybrid Josephson field effect transistors

We consider the feasibility of fabricating planar superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor Josephson junctions in which the junction supercurrent is controlled by a gate electrode isolated from the junction by either a dielectric film (MOS-JOFET) or a Schottky barrier (MES-JOFET). We find that device critical currents between ∼1 and 100 μA and critical temperatures approximately a few K appear possible. We discuss the circuit applications of such devices.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
116 LAWS,LORE AND LOGJAMS:CRITICAL ISSUES IN INDIAN FOREST CONSERVATION

"India???s forests support a rich assemblage of floral and faunal biodiversity and have also been the ancestral habitat of diverse tribal and inidenous communities. However, recent government legislation combined with action by the Indian judiciary aimed to stem the rapid loss of forests and wildlife is undermining rather than contributing to conservation and social justice. The contradictory nature of these interventions is creating new distortions and conflicts by failing to address the root cases of forest degradation. This paper discusses the main obstacles to sustainable and just forest management: Poor procedures and unsound premises for defining and identifying forests; dissonance between tribal and conservation laws; neglect of democratic decentralisation of forest governance."

Topic: Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Use of Internet as a Mode of Delivery for Nuclear Medicine Postgraduate Education

The recent advances in computer hardware/software and the Internet have opened new channels of communication: e-mail, bulletin boards, voice mail, the World Wide Web(WWW), Internet chat/phone & Internet video conferencing/clips. The University of Newcastle is the first University to offer a postgraduate distance education (DE) award course using both traditional mode and via the internet. The students are continuously monitored for their performance and interaction. We have found that the Internet is a secure, reliable and adaptable method for course delivery which allows more interaction than traditional modes of DE.

Topic: Radiology practices and education
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phagocytosis of Terminally Differentiated Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells by Marrow Histiocytes During Treatment with All-<i>trans</i>Retinoic Acid

It has been established that acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells are induced to terminally differentiate by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), however, the clearance of differentiated APL cells in vivo has not been well understood. Here, we documented the elimination of terminally differentiated APL cells by histiocytes in bone marrow during differentiation induction therapy. In two ATRA-treated APL patients, bone marrow showed the striking phagocytosis of differentiated APL cells by histiocytes just before the achievement of complete remission. Histiocytes phagocytosed APL cells at the terminal stage of differentiation prior to the late apoptotic event of cell lysis. Engulfed APL cells then undergo morphological features of late apoptosis and finally fragmentation in the cytoplasm of histiocytes. This swift and efficient elimination of APL cells undergoing apoptosis by the histiocytes in bone marrow may be possible pathway, at least partially, for the clearance of differentiated APL cells.

Topic: Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences