jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Radionuclides in Fungi

Man-made radionuclides can be derived from all the various elements, either as fission products or as activation products. Fungi have been shown to take up naturally occurring as well as man-made radionuclides. This chapter reviews the literature on the species-specific accumulation pattern as revealed by analyses of fungal fruit-bodies collected at different sampling sites, and the use of fungi as bioindicators of biosphere contamination. It summarizes the role of fungi in biogenous migration of radionuclides in soils and in the transfer along the food chain. Fungi play a key role in the biogenous migration of radionuclides in soil. Living and dead cells can be capable of generally rapid, metabolism-independent binding of radionuclides to cell walls, extracellular polysaccharides, or other materials, which is now frequently referred to as biosorption. Biosorption can be related to the ionic radius of an element and to the pH of the environment, which affects the solubility of metals.

Topic: Lichen and fungal ecology
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Clinical Significance of Molecular Alterations and Systemic Therapy for Meningiomas: Where Do We Stand?

Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors that can be treated successfully in most cases with surgical resection and/or adjuvant radiotherapy. However, approximately 20% of patients show an aggressive clinical course with tumor recurrence or progressive disease, resulting in significant morbidity and increased mortality. Despite several studies that have investigated different cytotoxic agents in aggressive meningiomas in the past several years, limited evidence of efficacy and clinical benefit has been reported thus far. Novel molecular alterations have been linked to a particular clinicopathological phenotype and have been correlated with grading, location, and prognosis of meningiomas. In this regard, SMO, AKT, and PIK3CA mutations are typical of anterior skull base meningiomas, whereas KLF4 mutations are specific for secretory histology, and BAP1 alterations are common in progressive rhabdoid meningiomas. Alterations in TERT, DMD, and BAP1 correlate with poor outcomes. Moreover, some actionable mutations, including SMO, AKT1, and PIK3CA, regulate meningioma growth and are under investigation in clinical trials. PD-L1 and/or M2 macrophage expression in the microenvironment provides evidence for the investigation of immunotherapy in progressive meningiomas.

Topic: Meningioma and schwannoma management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD 106RVUV #116042.1

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy diagnostics are applied to measure wavelength spectra including line emissions released from Ne ions ranging from low to high charge states simultaneously in a single discharge of the Ne-seeded divertor heat load reduction experiments in LHD.

Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reklama społeczna w Polsce po 1989 roku. Zarys problematyki

Social advertising, which appeared in Poland after 1989, plays a crucial role in processes of social communication. Although it is still immature, it is becoming a vital element of education of Polish society. Existence of mass social movements enables articulation of the issues that have been a social taboo so far. The article is an attempt to define a new research field in sociology, involved with social advertising.

Topic: Consumer Behavior and Market Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Functional Significance of Cardiac Looping: Comparative Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Looped Design of Vertebrate Hearts

The flow path of vertebrate hearts has a looped configuration characterized by curved (sigmoid) and twisted (chiral) components. The looped heart design is phylogenetically conserved among vertebrates and is thought to represent a significant determinant of cardiac pumping function. It evolves during the embryonic period of development by a process called “cardiac looping”. During the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in the uncovering of genetic, molecular, and biophysical factors contributing to cardiac looping. Our present knowledge of the functional consequences of cardiac looping lags behind this impressive progress. This article provides an overview and discussion of the currently available information on looped heart design and its implications for the pumping function. It is emphasized that: (1) looping seems to improve the pumping efficiency of the valveless embryonic heart. (2) bilaterally asymmetric (chiral) looping plays a central role in determining the alignment and separation of the pulmonary and systemic flow paths in the multi-chambered heart of tetrapods. (3) chiral looping is not needed for efficient pumping of the two-chambered hearts of fish. (4) it is the sigmoid curving of the flow path that may improve the pumping efficiency of lower as well as higher vertebrate hearts.

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on utilization of gudmar (Gymnema sylvestre) dried extract based fennel RTS beverage

Gymnema sylvestre is a reputed herb in the ayurvedic system of medicine.The phytoconstituents responsible for sweet suppression activity includes triterpene saponins known as gymnemic acids, gymnemasaponins, and a polypeptide, gurmarin.The herb exhibits a broad range of therapeutic effects as an effective natural remedy for diabetes.Efforts have been made to prepare gudmar dried extract.Physico-chemical properties of prepared extract were evaluated.On the basis of physico-chemical properties and gymnemic acid content gudmar dried extract was added at 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 per cent for preparation of gudmar dried extract based fennel RTS beverage.Sugar was also replaced with aspartame, stevia and sucralose.The organoleptic test score indicated that among the fennel RTS beverages, the beverage with 1.0 per cent gudmar dried extract and sucralose as sweetner was accepted by panel members.TSS of the fennel RTS beverage was increased while acidity decreased with increase in proportion of gudmar dried extract.Selected fennel RTS beverage (1.0 % gudmar dried extract and sucralose as sweetner) was found to be rich in gymnemic acid content and organoleptically acceptable.

Topic: Food Science and Nutritional Studies
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Characteristics and challenges of teaching and learning in sustainability-oriented Living Labs within higher education: a literature review

Purpose This study aims to bring together the available scattered knowledge about teaching and learning in Living Labs within higher education, and to explore their potential for supporting students’ sustainability-oriented transformative learning. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted, applying a realist approach. A sample of 35 articles was analyzed qualitatively, mapping the data according to the realist constructs “context,” “intervention,” “mechanism” and “outcome” and using the constant comparison method for data analysis. Findings This study identified multiple characteristics of teaching and learning in sustainability-oriented Living Labs, namely, two socio-physical teaching and learning contexts, two pedagogical approaches as interventions therein, four learning processes as (potential) mechanisms and six sustainability-related learning outcomes. Two main challenges were also identified. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that brings together the scattered results from previous studies into a comprehensive description of characteristics and challenges of teaching and learning in Living Labs as sustainability-oriented learning spaces in higher education. The findings can support educators in making scientifically grounded informed choices for teaching and learning in Living Labs and inform future empirical studies to examine when, how and why certain characteristics of teaching and learning in Living Labs, as identified in this study, can support sustainability-oriented transformative learning in higher education.

Topic: Sustainability in Higher Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Integrative Systems Biology Approaches to Identify Potential Biomarkers and Pathways of Cervical Cancer

Nowadays, cervical cancer (CC) is treated as the leading cancer among women throughout the world. Despite effective vaccination and improved surgery and treatment, CC remains its fatality rate about half of the infected populations globally. The major screening biomarkers and therapeutic target identification have now become a global concern. The present study, we have employed systems biology approaches to retrieve the potential biomarkers and pathways from the transcriptomic profiling. Initially, we have identified 76 of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene from a total of 4,643 differentially expressed genes. The up-regulatory genes are mainly concentrating on immune-inflammatory response and the down-regulatory genes are on receptor binding and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The involved pathways associated with these genes were also assessed through pathway enrichment and they were mainly focused on different cancer pathways, immunoresponse, and cell cycle pathways. After the subsequent enrichment of these genes, we have identified 12 hub genes, which play a crucial role in CC. Furthermore, the survival of the hub genes was also assessed, and among them, finally, CXCR4 has identified as one of the most potential differentially expressed gene that might play a vital role to the survival of CC patients. Thus CXCR4 could be used as a prognostic biomarker and development of a drug target for CC.

Topic: Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Barriers and opportunities for workplace violence interventions in Australian paramedicine: A qualitative study

© 2020, Paramedics Australasia. All rights reserved. Introduction Workplace violence directed at paramedics by patients and bystanders is a persistent and pervasive issue. There is little available evidence supporting the effectiveness of current interventions in the paramedicine context. No studies have reported on potential barriers and there is little evidence supporting opportunities for more effective interventions. The objective of this study was to make an inventory of current workplace interventions and explore the barriers and opportunities for these interventions as perceived by paramedics. Methods Ten paramedics were interviewed about their experiences and insights into workplace violence. The interview data underwent thematic and narrative analysis. Results Seven interventions were highlighted, 10 barriers and 12 opportunities for current and future workplace violence interventions were discussed. The majority of the barriers related to culture in society, attitudes of staff, and lack of capacity for the ambulance service to take action following violent events. The opportunities raised included co-design of interventions, culture change for paramedics and communities, accountability for paramedics and perpetrators of violence, increased ambulance service options following violent events, and improving feedback to staff. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that interventions are likely to be more effective and sustainable if they are evidence-based, codesigned, address all levels of healthcare, and evaluated. Important areas for future research include a focus on consequences and accountability for perpetrators and strategies for ambulance services and paramedics to participate in public health approaches to reducing violence in communities.

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Elective or Emergency Paraesophageal Hernia Repair

Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Elective or Emergency Paraesophageal Hernia RepairFor decades, the standard of care for a paraesophageal hiatal hernia (PEH) was surgical repair after diagnosis, irrespective of symptoms.This standard of care was based on the reported high risk of acute gastric volvulus, strangulation, bleeding, or obstruction associated with untreated PEH and on the high mortality associated with emergency repair. 1,2A paradigm shift occurred in 2002, when Stylopoulos et al, 3 using Markov analysis, found that watchful waiting was superior to elective repair for patients older than 65 years of age with a minimally symptomatic PEH.As a result, many patients with a PEH deferred surgery and opted for watchful waiting.A predictable consequence of watchful waiting has been an increase in the number of patients presenting with an acute PEH, sometimes with catastrophic outcomes. 4We characterized outcomes of emergency PEH repair in the modern era compared with elective repair using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Methods |We reviewed all PEH repairs reported to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2012.Inclusion criteria were an age of 18 years or older at the time of surgery, an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) primary diagnosis code of diaphragmatic hernia (ie, ICD-9 code 551.3, 552.3, or 553.3), and a primary Current Procedural Terminology code indicating repair, as described by Mungo et al. 5 Demographic data, comorbidities, and preoperative laboratory values were reviewed.The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and serious morbidity (defined as return to the operating room, cardiac complication, sepsis, shock, ventilation >48 hours, unplanned reintubation, or cerebrovascular accident or stroke).Because this research involves only deidentified patient information, it did not require institutional review board approval from the University of California, San Francisco.Predictors of serious morbidity and 30-day mortality were identified in univariate logistic regression.Multivariate predictors were identified using backward-stepwise logistic regression.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Metabolomic Signatures of Brainstem in Mice following Acute and Subchronic Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an environmental toxicant of significant health concern. The brain is a major target in acute H2S poisoning. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that acute and subchronic ambient H2S exposures alter the brain metabolome. Male 7–8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation to 1000 ppm H2S for 45 min and euthanized at 5 min or 72 h for acute exposure. For subchronic study, mice were exposed to 5 ppm H2S 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. Control mice were exposed to room air. The brainstem was removed for metabolomic analysis. Enrichment analysis showed that the metabolomic profiles in acute and subchronic H2S exposures matched with those of cerebral spinal fluid from patients with seizures or Alzheimer’s disease. Acute H2S exposure decreased excitatory neurotransmitters, aspartate, and glutamate, while the inhibitory neurotransmitter, serotonin, was increased. Branched-chain amino acids and glucose were increased by acute H2S exposure. Subchronic H2S exposure within OSHA guidelines surprisingly decreased serotonin concentration. In subchronic H2S exposure, glucose was decreased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids, inosine, and hypoxanthine were increased. Collectively, these results provide important mechanistic clues for acute and subchronic ambient H2S poisoning and show that H2S alters brainstem metabolome.

Topic: Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Edge Computing for Internet of Things: A Survey

The Internet of Things (IoT) is integrating the physical world with the information world. As more and more sensor devices are deployed in the IoT, IoT faces several challenges, such as transmission delay, data storage redundancy, and computing delay. The emergence of edge computing can address these challenges possibly. In this paper, we present an in-depth survey of the integration of edge computing and IoT. First, we briefly introduce the architecture of IoT and discuss a few challenges of IoT. Next, we give an overview of edge computing. We focus on the convergence of edge computing and IoT, and discuss the new architecture and advantages of EIoT. Finally, we summarize the applications of EIoT.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of field dependent trap occupancy on organic thin film transistor characteristics

A model to calculate the current voltage characteristics of organic thin film transistors is presented. The model takes into account the influence of high electric field on trap occupancy. The case of the traps at a single energy level is considered in detail. Relevant equations are solved numerically using an iteration method. The field dependent trap occupancy model is found to change free surface charge Qsf and drain saturation current Id significantly. The model is compared with the experimental data published by two different groups. There is good agreement between experimental data and our model.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A GIS Approach to Archaeological Settlement Patterns and Predictive Modeling in Chihuahua, Mexico

In this study I analyzed the pattern of settlement for known Medio period (A.D. 1200–1450) sites in the Casas Grandes region of Chihuahua, Mexico. Locational data acquired from survey projects in the Casas Grandes region were evaluated within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework to reveal patterns in settlement and site distribution. Environmental and cultural variables, including aspect, cost distance to nearest ballcourt, ecoregion, elevation, local relief, cost distance to nearest oven, cost distance to Paquimé, slope, soil, terrain texture, topographic position index, cost distance to nearest trincheras, vegetation, vegetation variety to 100 meters, vegetation variety to 500 meters, cost distance to nearest intermittent lake, cost distance to nearest intermittent stream, cost distance to nearest perennial lake, and cost distance to nearest perennial stream were calculated for each site in this region. It was expected that the relationships of correspondence between known sites and these variables would provide a quantitative framework that could be used to model the locational probability of unknown sites in the region. Through the use of GIS and statistical analyses, the results of this study were used to produce an archaeological site sensitivity map for this region of northern Mexico.

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Survey of UK-based veterinary oncologists and clinical pathologists’ approach towards diagnostic methods used to diagnose and classify lymphoma

Preview this chapter: Survey of UK-based veterinary oncologists and clinical pathologists' approach towards diagnostic methods used to diagnose and classify lymphoma, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.22233/9781910443439/9781910443439.70.3-1.gif

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Finding the Needle in the Haystack - Approaches for Detecting Small Defects on a Large Object

The inspection of small defects on large objects is a crucial part of modern production processes. This paper gives a general overview of approaches to overcome challenges caused by the large ratio between object size and required measurement resolution (inspection ratio) and introduces examples.

Topic: Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of rehabilitation management on gastric emptying function in older adults with diabetes

significant differences from non-diabetic patients (P > 0.05).However, the value for poor blood glycemic control patients exhibited significant statistical differences compared with both non-diabetic (P < 0.01) and regulated blood glycemic control group patients (P < 0.01).It showed that the gastric emptying time improved in the rehabilitation exercise group, mosapride group and rehabilitation exercise group + mosapride group after two years of treatment (P < 0.05).Fasting blood glucose in both rehabilitation exercise group and rehabilitation exercise + mosapride group was significantly decreased.Postprandial blood glucose in the rehabilitation exercise group, mosapride group, rehabilitation exercise group + mosapride group was significantly decreased.High blood glucose level can delay gastric emptying in older type 2 diabetic patients.Gastric emptying and blood glucose control affect each other.It was shown that appropriate rehabilitation exercise combined with prokinetic agent may improve gastric emptying in some geriatric type 2 diabetic patients and help control their blood glucose.

Topic: Dysphagia Assessment and Management
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of Stresses in a Two-Layer Co-Extruded LDPE Melt Blown Film

Despite the fast growth of co-extruded film production, little research work has been devoted to this process. Films of LDPE, ULDPE, LDPE/ULDPE and ULDPE/LDPE were produced at various processing conditions. A continuous experimental set up was used to evaluate the in-plane birefringence during bubble formation. The data collected were used to derive the axial and transverse stresses. A non-isothermal Newtonian model that allows the determination of the kinematics and dynamics of the two-layer film blowing process was then used to calculate the axial and transverse stress. Generally the calculated stresses are in agreement with the experimental values.

Topic: Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences