jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of radar interferometry performance for ground subsidence monitoring due to underground mining

Abstract This paper describes the results from the recently launched SAR satellites for the purpose of subsidence monitoring over underground coal mine sites in the state of New South Wales, Australia, using differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique. The quality of the mine subsidence monitoring results is mainly constrained by noise due to the spatial and temporal decorrelation between the interferometric pair and the phase discontinuities in the interferogram. This paper reports on the analysis of the impact of these two factors on the performance of DInSAR for monitoring ground deformation. Simulations were carried out prior to real data analyses. SAR data acquired using different operating frequencies, for example, X-, C- and L-band, from the TerraSAR-X, ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, JERS-1 and ALOS satellite missions, were examined. The simulation results showed that the new satellites ALOS, TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed perform much better than the satellites launched before 2006. ALOS and ENVISAT satellite SAR images with similar temporal coverage were searched for the test site. The ALOS PALSAR DInSAR results have been compared to DInSAR results obtained from ENVISAT ASAR data to investigate the performance of both satellites for ground subsidence monitoring. Strong phase discontinuities and decorrelation have been observed in almost all ENVISAT interferograms and hence it is not possible to generate the displacement maps without errors. However these problems are minimal in ALOS PALSAR interferograms due to its spatial resolution and longer wavelength. Hence ALOS PALSAR is preferred for ground subsidence monitoring in areas covered by vegetation and where there is a high rate ground deformation.

Topic: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Examination of Neurofilament Light Chain Serum Concentrations, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

The findings suggest that physical activity is associated with diminished cognitive decline among older adults with increased serum NfL concentrations. The results support the potential use of blood biomarkers in measuring the benefits of health behaviors, such as physical activity, and early intervention for older adults at risk for cognitive decline.

Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
What should you cache?

Following advice from the YouTube recommendation system is one of the ways users browse through the videos offered by YouTube. The system presents related videos based on several factors depending on the current video requested. This related videos list can be used by caching infrastructure to reduce network bandwidth consumption. In this paper, we analyze the differences between user-specific recommendation lists. We perform this analysis on 100s of user nodes from all around the world divided into 4 geographical regions using PlanetLab. Based on our analysis, we find that the related videos differ less in the top half (1-10) of the related video list offered by YouTube compared to the bottom half (11-20). Based on our analysis, we suggest that, caching or prefetching of the Top 10 of the related videos is advantageous over a period of time than caching the whole list offered by YouTube.

Topic: Caching and Content Delivery
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A retrospective analysis of postoperative patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

The postoperative patients who had metabolic or hemodynamic instability, high ASA or APACHE II scores, and low GCS had higher mortality rates despite ICU care. Hippokratia 2016, 20(1): 38-43.

Topic: Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Disorganised Attachment Behaviour among Infants Born Subsequent to Stillbirth

There is limited evidence that siblings of stillborn infants are more vulnerable to psychological problems. This case‐controlled study examines the relationship between previous stillbirth and the next child's pattern of attachment and explores factors in the mother which may be associated with and which may explain the pattern of infant attachment. We examined 53 infants next‐born after a stillbirth, and 53 control infants of primigravid mothers. Maternal demographic, psychiatric, and attachment data were collected in pregnancy, and self‐report measures of depression collected in the first year. Infant attachment patterns to the mothers were assessed when the infants were 12 months old using the Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure. Infants next‐born after stillbirth showed significant increase in disorganisation of attachment to the mother compared with control infants ( p &lt; .04). The difference was not accounted for by differences in psychiatric symptoms or demography. It was strongly predicted by maternal unresolved status with respect to loss as measured in the Adult Attachment Interview, and less strongly by maternal experience of elective termination of pregnancy and by the mother having seen her stillborn infant. The study adds weight to previously reported clinical observations, that infants born after stillbirth may be at risk of an increase in psychological and behavioural problems in later childhood. The strong association between disorganisation of infant attachment and maternal state of mind with respect to loss suggests that the mother's state of mind may be causal, and raises interesting questions about the mechanism of intergenerational transmission. Given the existing evidence of later developmental problems, longer‐term follow‐up of these children would be valuable.

Topic: Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Analysis of food insufficiency transition and determinants in rural Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of food insufficiency and its determinants among farming households in Southwestern Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A combination of cluster and systematic random sampling was used to select 40 households in each local government area of the selected two states. This gives a total of 160 households per state and 320 households in all for the first data collection. Visiting the same households during the second data collection, only 150 households’ data were useful for analysis. Panel primary data were adopted and they were collected in two periods of late and early rain, respectively, over a period of nine months. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, administered on farming households in the area of study. The needed information was collected through the use of interview schedules/questionnaires. Findings The transition of food insufficiency households to food sufficiency indicated a differential of 4.25 percent, and the transition of food sufficiency to food insufficiency a differential of 9.33 percent. During the agricultural harvest season more households moved to food sufficiency status (16 percent), while off season insufficiency status was 25.3 percent. The probability of households escaping food insufficiency is 0.25, and the probability of households entering food insufficiency is 0.38. The study provides evidence of transient and high incidence of food insufficiency. Originality/value Past studies of this nature only captured the food insufficiency status of households using a snapshot study. Hence, this study brought in innovation by examining the dynamics of food sufficiency/insufficiency in two periods. Therefore the question this study asks is: can a farm-household be food sufficient over a particular period of time and food insufficient in other time?

Topic: Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Accelerating packets reception and forwarding in virtualized datacenters

In virtualized data centers, the last hop of the network is no longer handled by a physical network switch, but rather is performed in software inside the server to switch among virtual machines hosted by that server. However, the current I/O network virtualization based on the driver domain is an attractive model since it offers high flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, it exhibits poor networking performance due to multiple memory transactions between the driver domain and the VM. This paper addresses this challenge by introducing the concept and design of a new I/O subsystem called Next Hop Bridge which identifies the packets belonging to the same flow and processes only the first one of a given flow within the virtual machine. NHB uses a flow table to store the needed information about the packets. Such a switching mechanism allows to considerably avoid unnecessary I/O transactions during the communication between the driver domain and the VM and hence make the VM throughput scale up to line rates.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The permeability of proofed fabrics to fumigants

Abstract An apparatus is described in detail for the determination of the permeability of proofed fabrics and similar materials to fumigants under atmospheric conditions. The permeability of various samples of proofed fabrics to methyl bromide and hydrogen cyanide has been determined over a limited range of concentrations at 20·5°. The effect of wear on the permeabilities of the samples has been tested. Some determinations were made at 30° and the effect of temperature qualitatively indicated. The results and their application are briefly discussed.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Association between university student junk food consumption and mental health

Background: On a global scale, the mental health consequences of eating habits among the general population are becoming a concern. Particular attention should be directed to the youthful population. Aims: Determine the relationship between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Method: University students were asked to complete: a demographic questionnaire, questions on junk food consumption, and depression anxiety stress scores (DASS-21). Body mass index measurements were taken. Logistic regressions were utilized to construct odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to identify the association between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: There were ( N = 509), 66% females and 34% males, mean age was ( M = 18.1 ± .5) years participated in this study. Daily consumption of junk food was significantly linked to stress (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5−8.3), anxiety (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 6.2−20.1), and depression (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 4.5−13.9). Conclusions: This is the first thorough study conducted in Egypt to examine the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression, and junk food consumption among undergraduates at a private Egyptian university. Many college students struggle emotionally, and those who are emotionally troubled are more likely to participate in eating unhealthy food. Our research will be used to inform regional policies on adolescent nutrition and to create preventative strategies.

Topic: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Identifying Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Seizures in Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The occurrence of seizures in bacterial meningitis is important, as it has been reported to increase the risk of complications; however, its frequency and predictors are not well studied yet. Objective: To assess the frequency, clinical, and biochemical predictors of seizures in children with acute bacterial meningitis. Method: A cross-sectional study recruited confirmed acute bacterial meningitis cases based on positive CSF culture and sensitivity among children aged 2 months to 15 years admitted to the Central Child Teaching Hospital emergency department in Iraq. Patients were divided into two groups based on seizure at presentation time. Demographic characteristics [age, gender, residence, duration of fever and disease, presenting complaints and antibiotic intake]; hematological [WBC, neutrophils] Lymphocyte, N/L ratio, packed cell volume, platelets, blood sugar, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices were compared between groups. Results: Seizures had a frequency of 18% among the 122 children and were significantly higher in younger cases with female predominance. By multivariate analysis and odds ratio (OR), predictors for seizure were as follows: CSF lymphocytes (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.08–0.26), lethargy (OR=8.15, 95%CI=1.03-68.65), headache (OR=0.09, 95%CI=0.02-0.45), neck stiffness (OR=0.07, 95% CI=0.01-0.61) and poor feeding (OR=4.8, 95%CI=1.21–18.97). Conclusions: CSF lymphocytes reliably predicted seizures with good sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 73%. Lethargy and poor feeding had the highest odds as clinical predictors of seizures. Together, those results can help with risk stratification and allocate resources for high-risk cases to improve patient outcomes.

Topic: Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Carotid Body Tumor Resection in Alzahra Hospital During 2004-2009: Complication and Outcome

Background: surgical resection without preoperative angioembolization is an appropriate treatment for carotid body tumor but may lead to unwanted complications. The aim of present study is to define characteristics, complications, and outcomes of patients with carotid body tumor treated without embolization and by subadvantitial tumor resection. Methods: this cross sectional study was performed in Al Zahra hospital during 2004-2009 among patients candidate for carotid body tumor resection. Demographic data as well as complications attributed to operation were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Finding: 32 patients and 36 operations were enrolled. Mean age was 51.4 13.62 years. 12.5 % of subjects were male and 87.5% were female. All tumors were diagnosed as paraganglioma by histopathology examination. Mean size of tumors was 3.4 0.91 cm. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common complication and orthostatic hypotension was tge second one. Conclusion: The rate of complications among our series of patients operated without preoperative angioembolization via subadvantisial dissection were overall acceptable.

Topic: Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Responses of mice susceptible or resistant to lethal infection with mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM, after exposure by a natural route.

CF1 mice were resistant and BALB/cByJ mice were susceptible to the lethal effects of MHV-JHM infection after intranasal inoculation. Virus was recovered rarely from tissues of CF1 mice. In contrast, MHV-JHM was pantropic in BALB/cByJ mice. The peak systemic interferon response of Balb/cByJ mice occurred 30 hours later than that of CF1 mice. Exogenously administered interferon resulted in partial protection of Balb/cByJ mice challenged with MHV-JHM. Prior immunization of susceptible mice with MHV-JHM protected against challenge with homologous or heterologous (MHV-3) virus.

Topic: Animal Virus Infections Studies
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis on the implementation of medical assistance after the earthquake disaster

5·12 Wenchuan earthquake caused a great loss to China. Gansu Province is one of the affected provinces. The objectives of the paper are to provide references for the future by describing the disaster condition and summarizing the implementation of emergency medical assistance,and to provide the evidences for perfecting the emergency medical assistant policy by analyzing the lateral medical demand and interviewing civil affairs,health,financial and other departments.

Topic: Disaster Response and Management
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Figure S1 from Metastatic Competence Can Emerge with Selection of Preexisting Oncogenic Alleles without a Need of New Mutations

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Mutational spectra of xenograft models and metastatic derivatives.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
India: Context and Trade Liberalization

Powered by rapid economic growth arising from significant internal reforms in the 1990s, India has developed into an economic force to be reckoned with over the past twenty years. As such, it is a land of contradictions: rapid economic growth co-exists with widespread poverty;1 a world-class information technology sector, with desperate farmers often seeing no outlet but suicide; a political system which holds free and fair elections involving over a billion people but remains regularly rocked by corruption and scandal, as in the telecom disaster of 2010–2011.

Topic: Indian Economic and Social Development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Hair dyes and lymphoid neoplasms: an update

1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Eritrea 62 20157 Milano, Italy 2Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria Università di Milano Via Venezian 1 20133 Milano, Italy Correspondence to: C La Vecchia Fax: (+39-02-33200231/39001916)

Topic: Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Alteration in biochemical parameters in malaria patients. Plasmodium falciparum vs. Plasmodium vivax

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of malarial parasites, on different biochemical liver and renal parameters. This was a retrospective and hospital-based study, which was carried out at Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical Laboratory, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, is an endemic malaria transmission. Methods: A total of 60 samples were included in this study out of which 30 samples with peripheral blood film evidence of falciparum malaria and 30 samples of vivax malaria. Liver function tests and renal function tests were estimated by standard method. Results: the results showed an increased level in Plasmodium falciparum than Plasmodium vivax which is statistically significant. In our study we found that Plasmodium falciparum altered more biochemical parameters than Plasmodium vivax. Conclusions: The biochemical markers can be used as biomarkers for the confirmation of malaria.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Project KNIPAS: DEPAS ocean-bottom seismometer operations in the Greenland Sea in 2016-2017

Project KNIPAS (Knipovich Ridge Passive Seismic Experiment), a collaborative effort led by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute with partners from the University of Potsdam, Germany, and the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, installed a network of 26 broad-band ocean bottom seismometers along the ultraslow-spreading Knipovich Ridge. The presented data set covers the continuous records of the 23 stations of the core network provided by the DEPAS instrument pool.The instruments were spaced at roughly 20 km intervals to either side of the rift axis covering about 160 km along axis between 75.7°N and 77.1°N. The network design was optimized for detecting along-axis variations in seismicity at the scale of spreading segments. Instrument deployment started during RV Polarstern cruise PS100 on July 20 1016. Instrument recovery was completed during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM68 on October 9 2017. The network was denser around Logachev Seamount. Refraction seismic lines across Logachev Seamount were acquired by RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM67 on September 19 and 20 in 2017. For that purpose, short-term stations KNR24-27 were deployed next to stations KNR05-08 whose batteries had expired by the time of the seismic survey (cruise PS109).

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Administration of an LXR agonist promotes atherosclerotic lesion remodelling in murine inflammatory arthritis

Abstract Objectives The leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have shown that murine arthritis impairs atherosclerotic lesion regression, because of cellular cholesterol efflux defects in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), causing monocytosis and impaired atherosclerotic regression. Therefore, we hypothesised that improving cholesterol efflux using a Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonist would improve cholesterol efflux and improve atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritis. Methods Ldlr −/− mice were fed a western‐type diet for 14 weeks to initiate atherogenesis, then switched to a chow diet to induce lesion regression and divided into three groups; (1) control, (2) K/BxN serum transfer inflammatory arthritis (K/BxN) or (3) K/BxN arthritis and LXR agonist T0901317 daily for 2 weeks. Results LXR activation during murine inflammatory arthritis completely restored atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritic mice, evidenced by reduced lesion size, macrophage abundance and lipid content. Mechanistically, serum from arthritic mice promoted foam cell formation, demonstrated by increased cellular lipid accumulation in macrophages and paralleled by a reduction in mRNA of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 , Abcg1 and Apoe . T0901317 reduced lipid loading and increased Abca1 and Abcg1 expression in macrophages exposed to arthritic serum and increased ABCA1 levels in atherosclerotic lesions of arthritic mice. Moreover, arthritic clinical score was also attenuated with T0901317. Conclusion Taken together, we show that the LXR agonist T0901317 rescues impaired atherosclerotic lesion regression in murine arthritis because of enhanced cholesterol efflux transporter expression and reduced foam cell development in atherosclerotic lesions.

Topic: Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences