jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in spinal surgery

Study design : Complete audit cycle. Introduction : To highlight the unjustified overuse of perioperative antibiotics in clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries. To convince orthopedic surgeons in a methodological way of local field comparison between common practice on the use of perioperative antibiotics prophylaxis (PAP) in clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries and the ideal practice according to "The guidelines published by North American Spine Society (NASS)". Methods : A complete audit cycle had been done. One hundred and eight patients underwent clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries in a tertiary spine center, during the period from the 1st of April to the 31st of June 2017 (primary audit period) and during the period from the 8th of May to the 21st of November 2018 (re-audit period). Group I: audit group ( n = 54) was given the usual regimen (IV first-generation cephalosporin for 1–6 days, followed by oral antibiotics, till the removal of stitches) and Group II: re-audit group ( n = 54) received only the IV antibiotics for one day). The study protocol was approved by our institution's Ethical Committee (17100582). Results : This study showed a wide gap between international standards and local prescribing practices and calls for multiple interventions to improve our practice. Out of the 108 patients, only one case (1.85%) developed surgical site infection (SSI) in the audit group (Group I). The difference in infection rates between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Conclusion : A single-day postoperative dose of antibiotics effectively prevents postoperative wound infection following non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgery and is not associated with a higher infection rate.

Topic: Surgical site infection prevention
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Smart Thermal Management for Heterogeneous Multicores

Heterogeneous multicores have attracted a major focus in recent years, as they provide many possibilities for performance improvements. However, due to the discontinuation of Dennard scaling, on-chip power densities are continuously increasing along with technology scaling, and hence on-chip temperatures are elevated. Therefore, several thermal management techniques have emerged to keep the temperature of the chip within safe limits. These techniques, however, lead to performance losses which ultimately erase a big portion of the expected performance gains from the heterogeneous multicores. Thus, it is indispensable to deploy thermal management techniques that are able to make efficient decisions which satisfy temperature constraints while at the same time maximizing the performance. This paper presents smart thermal management techniques for heterogeneous multicores that exploit relevant information about several heterogeneity parameters at the chip level and at the application level to increase thermal efficiency <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . Compared to the state of the art, the presented techniques are able to obtain significant performance improvements under the same thermal constraint.This paper is part of the DATE 2019 special session on "Smart Resource Management and Design Space Exploration for Heterogeneous Processors". The other two papers of this special session are [1] and [2].

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Little Red Riding Hood uncloaked sex, morality, and the evolution of a fairy tale

"Little Red Riding Hood" is perhaps the best known fairy tale of all time. Featuring a cross-dressing wolf and his hapless victim, this strange tale has been passed from generation to generation, printed in thousands of storybooks and told in virtually every language. But where did the story of the girl, her grandmother and their cruel fate come from? And why does it continue to grip us?" "In Little Red Riding Hood Uncloaked, Catherine Orenstein unravels the complex sexual politics, moral ambiguities and philosophical underpinnings of Red Riding Hood's epic journey to her grandmother's house. From the werewolf trials of France's old regime to twentieth century feminists and gender-benders, Orenstein traces the many lives the tale has lived and explores how, from the nursery on, fairy tales shape and reflect our view of the world."--BOOK JACKET.

Topic: Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Total Productive Maintenance: A Case Study in Manufacturing Industry

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of total productive maintenance (TPM) initiatives towards improving manufacturing performance in Ethiopian malt manufacturing industry. The correlations between various TPM implementation dimensions and manufacturing performance improvements have been evaluated and validated by employing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in boiler plant. The research focuses upon the significant contributions of TPM implementation success factors like top management leadership and involvement, traditional maintenance practices and holistic TPM implementation initiatives, towards affecting improvements in manufacturing performance in the Ethiopian industry. The study establishes that focused TPM implementation over a reasonable time period can strategically contribute towards realization of significant manufacturing performance enhancements. The study highlights the strong potential of TPM implementation initiatives in affecting organizational performance improvements. The achievements of Ethiopian manufacturing organizations through proactive TPM initiatives have been evaluated and critical TPM success factors identified for enhancing the effectiveness of TPM implementation programs in the Ethiopian context.

Topic: Quality and Supply Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Zinc Complexation in the Phloem of Blight-affected Citrus

Abstract Extracts from Zn-accumulating phloem tissue of blight-affected trees had higher Zn-binding capacity than extracts from healthy trees. A 4-kDa, highly anionic, zinc-binding fraction was isolated from the phloem of predecline and decline stage ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) trees grown on blight-susceptible rootstocks. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephadex chromatography revealed the Zn-binding fraction contained at least four different anionic species. Two of the four species were present in healthy as well as predecline- and decline-stage trees. The other two species were found in only the predecline and decline trees. All Zn-binding factors were similar to the poly(γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl) glycine peptides in terms of size, anionic character, pH and temperature stability, capacity to bind other metals, and spectrophotometric properties.

Topic: Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Insulin Secretion and Metabolism during the Perinatal Period in the Rat

To better understand why plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration is high in the rat fetus during the last 3 d of gestation and why fetal hyperinsulinemia abruptly subsides after birth, insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates were estimated in fetuses and nursed pups. Intravenously injected [(125)I]monoiodoinsulin was cleared from the plasma of prematurely delivered pups at least as rapidly as from that of 7- to 10-d-old pups, suggesting that fetal hyperinsulinemia is not a result of slow clearance of the hormone. The fetal liver bound 35% of the injected label within 3 min, and binding was saturable. The uptake of radioactivity by the fetal kidney was nonsaturable and much lower than that of adult rat kidney. Isolated fetal islets were already reactive to glucose on the 19th d of gestation. Pancreatic insulin secretory capacity was estimated by measuring (a) the insulin release of isolated islets incubated in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, (b) the insulin content of the same islets, and (c) the total insulin extracted from the pancreas, using the formula (a x c)/b. 2 d before birth, the pancreatic insulin secretory capacity was high, accounting for fetal hyperinsulinemia. It was even higher after birth, not accounting for the postnatal decrease in plasma IRI concentration. Pups delivered by caesarian section 1 d before term exhibited a brisk decrease in plasma IRI concentration when the cord was cut. By contrast, if the feto-placental unit was removed from the dam, maintaining fetal blood circulation through the placenta, fetal plasma IRI concentration remained as high as in utero. These experiments suggest that a placental factor stimulates fetal insulin secretion. After birth, when the cord is cut, insulin secretion is rapidly turned off, and the pups switch from a state of unlimited fuel supply by the mother to a state of fuel saving.

Topic: Pancreatic function and diabetes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
TOXIN-ANTITOXIN IMMUNIZATION

In October, 1925, the health department of Kansas City, in conjunction and cooperation with the school board, undertook to inaugurate a campaign for the prevention of diphtheria. Having a good understanding of conditions in the past, particularly with respect to contagious diseases here, we estimated that if we could reach 20 per cent of the total enrolment, we would have accomplished much. However, after checking our tabulations, we found that we had nearly doubled this estimate, as the accompanying chart and table show. We encountered an immediate response from the people that was very gratifying and one which kept us very much occupied during the whole school year, especially as we were handicapped by lack of personnel and lack of funds. Talks and lectures combined with the showing of a film on the prevention of diphtheria were made to fifty-five organizations, mostly parent-teacher's societies. Aided by the activities of the

Topic: Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
La Mortalité Infantile: Hérédité et Milieu

An analysis of familial liability to infant mortality is presented. Heritability estimates for three periods of the demographic evolution of an isolated population (Isle-aux-Coudres, Quebec) are provided. Average heritability is on the order of 27%. This is interpreted as being partly due to sibs common environment and partly to dominance variance effects of genes. The real additive variance of the familial liability might well be nil.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Trampoline-related Injuries in Children: A Tertiary Pediatric Center Experience in Israel.

Trampoline injuries accounted for 1.05% of all emergency department admissions at a tertiary pediatric hospital in 2015-2018. Nearly half of the trampoline-related injuries were fractures. Large trampoline centers pose a potential risk for more serious injuries. We raise awareness of the risks of trampoline jumping, considering increasing popularity of trampoline parks, and encourage the authorities to implement safety regulations.

Topic: Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regression Analyses for Evaluating the Influence of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> on Alfalfa Yield Under Variable Disease Intensity

We developed and tested regression methods to exploit the variability in disease inherent in field experiments, and applied the methods to evaluate strains of Bacillus cereus for biocontrol efficacy. Four B. cereus strains were tested for their effect on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) performance in 16 field trials planted during 1993 to 1996 at multiple sites in Wisconsin. To evaluate performance of the strains, we used the ratio of (metalaxyl response)/(untreated control response) as a measure of disease intensity within the experiments. The ratio of (Bacillus response)/(untreated control response) was then regressed as a function of disease intensity. The slope of the resulting line provides a statistical test to compare performance of the Bacillus strain with that of the untreated seed (H o : slope = 0) and metalaxyl controls (H o : slope = 1). Under conditions in which disease occurred, forage yield of plots planted with seed treated with B. cereus strain AS4–12 exceeded yield from the untreated control plots (P = 0.002) and was similar to yield of plots planted with metalaxyl-treated seed (P = 0.14). Yield gain associated with AS4–12 and metalaxyl seed treatment averaged 6.1 ± 2.8% (±standard error) and 3.0 ± 2.8%, respectively. In contrast to the regression approach, means analysis by analysis of variance did not detect differences among treatments. Three other B. cereus strains either did not increase alfalfa yield or increased yield less than did AS4–12. Metalaxyl and three of the Bacillus strains increased seedling emergence, but the improved stands were not predictive of increased forage yield. In six additional studies conducted for one season in 1997, AS4–12 enhanced yield of two cultivars at diverse locations in Wisconsin, but there was an apparent cultivar-location interaction. A strong correlation between response to AS4–12 and metalaxyl treatment suggests that these treatments controlled similar pathogens, most likely the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora medicaginis and Pythium spp.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic Polymorphisms in Folate Metabolism and the Risk of Stomach Cancer

Abstract Folate deficiency has been implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer through abnormal DNA methylation and disrupted DNA synthesis and repair. Enzyme-coding genes involved in folate metabolism are often polymorphic. In a population-based study of 305 cases and 427 controls in Warsaw, Poland, we evaluated the risk of stomach cancer in relation to polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes, including MTHFR (Ex5+79C&amp;gt;T and Ex8−62A&amp;gt;C), MTR (Ex26−20A&amp;gt;G), and MTRR (Ex2−64A&amp;gt;G, Ex5+123C&amp;gt;T, Ex15+572C&amp;gt;T, Ex15−405A&amp;gt;T, Ex9−85C&amp;gt;T, Ex15−526G&amp;gt;A, and Ex14+14C&amp;gt;T). Polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene were not associated with stomach cancer risk. No notable effect was found for polymorphisms in MTR or MTRR either, although MTR Ex26−20 A&amp;gt;G and MTRR Ex5+123C&amp;gt;T polymorphisms were associated with a borderline increased risk of stomach cancer (MTR Ex26−20A&amp;gt;G, AG/GG versus AA: odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.90; MTRR Ex5+123C&amp;gt;T, CT/TT versus CC: odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.82). We did not find significant interactions between polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR genes and dietary folate and alcohol consumption. Our study did not identify strong genetic determinants in the folate metabolism pathway for stomach cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(1):115–21)

Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intelligent node of 1553B bus based on Gigabit Ethernet protocol

1553B bus node needs to be converted for the data transfer of other buses. Gigabit Ethernet is built on the Ethernet standard technology. It has the advantages of fast communications, strong adaptability, so it can serve as a 1553B bus data transmission channel. The 1553B bus protocol is introduced and analyzed, including data link layer, physical layer, and functional analysis. In the system designing, high-end FPGA chip is used as the core chip. In its internal hardware, there are integrated Gigabit Ethernet physical layer, while the Gigabit Ethernet and 1553B bus protocol layer all in the internal FPGA implementation, carried out through the DMA the exchange of data in order to improve system integration. System testing includes functional testing and performance testing, performance testing also includes real-time, reliability and fault tolerance. Test results show that the whole system is well suitable for 1553B in the Gigabit Ethernet environment applications.

Topic: Network Time Synchronization Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Real Time Wavelet-Based ATR Project

The focus of the project was to develop advanced Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithms to interface with the existing ATR technology at NGC. As outlined in the project proposal, the specific goals of this project were the following: (1) Development of wavelet-based denoising and compression algorithms by Rice CML for SAR and SONAR images. (2) Development of wavelet-based algorithms for ATR in SAR and SONAR data by Rice CML. (3) Transfer of Rice denoising/compression/detection software to NGC for testing on SAR and SONAR data. (4) Application of Rice software in real-time demo. (5) Establishment of a password protected Rice CML ATR website to facilitate information sharing between all parties and technology transfer from Rice to NGC.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Extracting the Expected Path of Monetary Policy from Futures Rates

Federal funds and eurodollar futures contracts are among the most useful instruments for deriving expectations of the future path of monetary policy. However, reading policy expectations from those instruments is complicated by the presence of risk premia. This paper demonstrates how to extract the expected policy path under the assumption that risk premia are constant over time, and under a simple model that allows risk premia to vary. In the latter case, the risk premia are identified under the assumption that policy expectations level out after a long enough horizon. The results provide evidence that the risk premia on these futures contracts vary over time. The impact of this variation is fairly limited for futures contracts with short horizons, but it increases as the horizon of the contracts lengthens.

Topic: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessing Enzyme-Catalysed Phosphorylation of Nucleosides to Aid Synthetic Approaches to Novel Antiviral Nucleotides

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nucleoside analogues acting as chain terminators of viral RNA and DNA polymerases represent an effective therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of viral replication and treatment of viral infections. These compounds must be anabolised into their triphosphate forms before inclusion into the nascent nucleic acid chain by the relevant polymerase thus their action is somewhat reliant on intracellular phosphorylation machinery. The synthetic addition of α-, β-, and γ-phosphate groups to the 5’-carbons of these compounds may provide a means to circumvent this reliance and produce more effective antiviral nucleoside analogues. This can be achieved through the utilisation of enzymes as a synthetic tool, enzymes capable of phosphorylating nucleoside analogues can be expressed in and purified from bacterial cell lines for use in the synthetic process.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The present study has optimised the catalytic reaction of human UCK1 for synthetic purpose and assessed the activity of the enzyme against a range of nucleoside analogues. A range of nucleoside kinase enzymes were recombinantly expressed and purified with the goal of developing an enzymatic reaction process with synthetic utility. A linear regression model capable of calculating the substrate turnover of UCK from 31P NMR spectra of reaction samples was developed, and optimal conditions for a PK-coupled UCK reaction were identified (12.5 mM substrate, 1.5 mg/mL UCK, 3 mg/mL PK) using this model. Under the previously stated reaction conditions UCK1 was found to phosphorylate 71.68% of cytidine and 14.12% of uridine in the sample in a thirty-minute duration, translating to a production of 2.90 mg of CMP and 0.57 mg of UMP from 1 mL reaction volume. Assessment of UCK1 activity against unnatural substrates of the enzyme revealed 13.67% conversion of 5-methyl-U to the corresponding monophosphate. UCK1 was also shown to have phosphorylative activity against aza-C and riboaminopyrrole via LCMS analysis, at a level below the sensitivity of the 31P NMR-based model. The results of this study reinforce the importance of the sugar moiety in nucleoside binding to UCK and indicate a low tolerability of the enzyme for modifications to the substrate at this moiety. These results also suggest the potential of UCK1 to be used as a tool in the synthesis of nucleobase-modified nucleoside analogues. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The reaction process developed in the present study represents a significant step towards the development of an efficient means of synthesising phosphorylated derivatives of nucleoside analogues through enzyme-catalysed reaction. Future efforts on this research should focus on the development of an effective means of isolating product compound from the reaction mixture and increasing the scale of reaction to be synthetically useful.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
PROFIT: Projection-based Test in Longitudinal Functional Data

In many modern applications, a dependent functional response is observed for each subject over repeated time, leading to longitudinal functional data. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical procedure to test whether the mean function varies over time. Our approach relies on reducing the dimension of the response using data-driven orthogonal projections and it employs a likelihood-based hypothesis testing. We investigate the methodology theoretically and discuss a computationally efficient implementation. The proposed test maintains the type I error rate, and shows excellent power to detect departures from the null hypothesis in finite sample simulation studies. We apply our method to the longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to formally assess whether the brain's health tissue, as summarized by fractional anisotropy (FA) profile, degrades over time during the study period.

Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Economics of Vertical Integration in Hybrid Striped Bass Aquaculture

Fishery products for human consumption come from commercial and recreational catch and aquaculture. In the United States, aquaculture production has grown from 92,000 metric tons in 1980 to an estimated 405,000 metric tons by 1990 with production estimated to more than double in the next two decades. Fish farming offers opportunities for rural development through ancillary processing and marketing services. Hybrid striped bass has been identified as an ideal candidate for aquaculture production in the Delmarva region. This chapter evaluates the economic feasibility of hybrid striped bass production using pond culture technology. The financial risk associated with hybrid striped bass production can be captured by the probability ranges for the internal rate of returns of the representative farms. Regional competitiveness is an important consideration given the potentially large market for hybrid striped bass in the Northeast region.

Topic: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences