jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The LAF - Hezbollah duopoly: a stake for the Lebanese safety and the regional security

This article explores the evolution in the relationship between the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Hezbollah in Lebanon, which can be qualified as a duopoly in the use of legitimate physical violence. Building on an explanation of Hezbollah&#8217;s path to political and military power, the second section of this article will provide an insight into the current nature of its relationship to the LAF, and the power-sharing between the two of them. In a third section, this article questions the future of this security duopoly in the context of the increasing military threat posed by radical elements from Syria at the border. In order to do so, the article elaborates and assesses two overarching scenarios in which each actor empowers the other, and five sub-scenarios to describe the different expectable modi operandi. The security duopoly is further analysed by introducing the regional stakes and influences on the LAF and Hezbollah. The conclusion of those&#160;5&#160;sub-scenarios&#8217; assessment is that the current equilibrium of the relationship between the LAF and Hezbollah is not likely to change radically since every sub-scenario has flaws impacting its credibility, and hence its potential for becoming true.

Topic: Middle East Politics and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of esophagus with signet‐ring cell features arising in Barrett's esophagus: A case report

We report a rarely documented case of adenocarcinoma of esophagus with signet-ring cell features arising in a Barrett's esophagus. This was diagnosed by employing combined endosonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology. The patient had progressive dysphagia and a poorly circumscribed mass involving the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. An incisional biopsy was performed which showed Barrett's esophagus with highly atypical glands suspicious for adenocarcinoma. Following that, an ultrasound-guided endoscopic fine-needle aspiration revealed a cellular specimen with multiple groups and singly dispersed atypical glandular cells with a predominance of signet-ring features. These findings represented an adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell features arising in Barrett's esophagus. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:51–54. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Comparison of perforator location in dynamic and static thermographic imaging with Doppler ultrasound in breast reconstruction surgery

This paper compares the effectiveness of the dTnorm and t90_10 parametrizations in dynamic thermography for imaging location of perforators in TRAM flaps in the intraoperative period.The results were compared with the location detected in a Doppler ultrasound examination.Cold and heat stimulation was used in dynamic thermography.Additionally, these results were compared with static thermography.The study was conducted on a group of 10 female patients after breast reconstruction.

Topic: Infrared Thermography in Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a Low-cost Positioning System Using OEM GPS Receivers and Usability in Surveying Applications

SUMMARY In this paper, a cost-effective positioning system which utilizes different low-cost Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) GPS Receivers, i.e. Garmin GPS25-HVS and Magellan Professional AC12, is introduced and examined for potential use in surveying applications. The developed positioning system is tested with several field measurements to assess the performance of the system for various baseline lengths (i.e. about 6 km, 29.2 km and 50.6 km) and occupation time (from 30 minutes to several hours) in static mode. The research and analysis carried out in this study showed that, centimetre-level positioning accuracy can be routinely achieved with such a low-cost system, which meets the requirements of a number of surveying and GIS applications. Results also showed that, using such a low-cost system would decrease the cost of surveying tasks; therefore, it can be regarded as a strong economical alternative to the geodetic-grade GPS receivers. This paper presents the study results of the developed low-cost positioning systems and tests procedures and their results.

Topic: GNSS positioning and interference
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Chemoattractant Activity of Entamoeba histolytica for Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

The ability of axenic Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and amoebic protein preparations to stimulate chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was evaluated. Virulent E. histolytica (strain HM1:IMSS) stimulated chemotaxis (delta distance = 0.55 +/- 0.02 mm, P less than 0.01 vs. control medium). Sonicated (100 micrograms protein/ml) or homogenized (500 micrograms protein/ml) virulent amoebae also significantly stimulated PMN chemotaxis, whereas preparations of the nonpathogenic "Entamoeba-like" Laredo strain did not stimulate chemotaxis. Preparations of subcellular fractions of E. histolytica demonstrated maximal stimulation of PMN chemotaxis existed in nonvesiculated membranes and the supernatant from plasma membranes.

Topic: Amoebic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Brittle relationship analysis of human error accident of warship technology supportability system based on set pair analysis

Warship technology supportability system is a typical complex system as it involves the complicated relationships among human, machine and environment. For this reason, human errors causing accidents are also complicated in the system, and affected by the relationships between the structure of warship technology supportability system and its subsystems, including human, organization and environment. First, this paper analyzes the characteristics of warship technology supportability human error accidents. Based on Reason-SHEL model and complex system brittleness theory, it then analyzes the brittle basic elements in the warship technology supportability human error accident system and the type of interaction between them, and applies the set pair theory in quantitatively describing the degree of interaction between subsystems based on the brittle relationship entropy. At last, 80 cases of human error accident are gathered to calculate the brittle relationship entropy of subsystems, so as to conclude the degree of influence the structure of warship technology supportability system has on human error accidents.

Topic: Risk and Safety Analysis
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
This Time the Dream is Coming True: The Inside Story of England's 2006 World Cup Challenge

This time! It will be the phrase on everyone's lips in 2006, not just devoted football fans. Exactly four decades have passed since England won the World Cup, and the entire country will be talking about nothing else than bringing it back home. The journey starts now, and this is the official book of the team, produced in association with England sponsors Nationwide. It is packed with enough exclusive material to excite even the most demanding fan. There will be interviews with the young challenging team of today, as well as with the heroes of 1966, and the book will be packed with photos of all the key players. England's coach Sven-Goran Eriksson also speaks exclusively about his side's hopes and dreams as they face the symbolic challenge of matches in Germany. With the Nationwide using the slogan This time in their advertising campaign all over the country, the book will be riding the wave of feverish interest in all things football as the campaign unfolds. If you're a fan of England, this is the only book you need.

Topic: Sports, Gender, and Society
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Assessment of Right Atrium Function in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Different Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressures by 2‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography

Objectives To assess right atrium (RA) function of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) by 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Methods Thirty matched healthy adults were selected as group A. Then, 102 patients with SLE were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of PAH. Group B included 37 patients without PAH (pulmonary artery [PA] systolic pressure ≤ 30 mm Hg); group C included 34 patients with PAH (PA systolic pressure of 30–50 mm Hg); and group D included 31 patients with PAH (PA systolic pressure ≥ 50 mm Hg). Parameters evaluated included RA maximum volume, minimum volume, preatrial contraction volume, passive ejection fraction (EF), and active EF. The global peak longitudinal systolic strain rate and early and late diastolic strain rates of the RA were obtained by 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Results No significant differences were found in all parameters between groups B and A ( P &gt; .05). The RA maximum volume, minimum volume, preatrial contraction volume, active EF, and late diastolic strain rate in groups C and D were significantly increased compared with those in groups A and B, and the parameters in group D were significantly higher than those in group C ( P &lt; .05). Although the RA passive EF, early diastolic strain rate, and systolic strain rate in groups C and D were significantly decreased compared with those in groups A and B, those in group D were significantly lower than those in group C ( P &lt; .05). Conclusions Two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography could effectively assess RA function in patients with SLE who have different severities of PAH.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sex determination in lions (Panthera leo, Felidae): a novel method of distinguishing male and female skulls

Examination of skulls and mandibles reveals a consistent and previously undocumented means of distinguishing sex in lions (Panthera leo), on the basis of a phenomenon unique among Carnivora. Male lions show a pattern of increased pore-like porosity in the maxillary region, superficial and proximal to the root of the upper canine teeth. Although some porosity is present in females, pores are less common, smaller, less obvious and primarily restricted to the bulge in the maxilla that marks the root of the upper canine tooth. Increased porosity (fine pores) is also a gender-independent feature of young individuals. This feature remains prominent throughout the lives of males, whereas porosity diminishes as females approach adult size. Juvenile male lions show a rapid increase in head size, correlated with the time immediately prior to dispersal from the natal pride. Specifically, increases in the rate of growth of cranial features, including the dentition and facial musculature are reflected in these changes. The rapid alteration of these features in maturing male lions indicates readiness to compete for social status with adult pride males. It is hypothesized that maxillary porosity is the anatomical correlate of this phenomenon.

Topic: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
High speed, high accuracy fractional-N frequency synthesizer using nested mixed-radix digital &amp;#x0394;-&amp;#x03A3; modulators

If the modulus of the DΔΣM in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer is a power of two, then the output frequency is constrained to be a rational multiple of the phase detector frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PD</sub> ), where the denominator of the rational multiplier is a power of two. If the required output frequency is not related to f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PD</sub> in this way, one is forced to approximate the ratio by using a small programmable modulus DΔΣM or a very large power of two modulus. Both solutions involve additional hardware. In addition, the programmable modulus solution can suffer from spurs, while the large power of two lacks accuracy. This paper presents a new solution, based on mixed-radix algebra, where the required ratio is formed by combining two different moduli. The programmable modulus solves the accuracy problem, while the large power of two modulus minimizes the spur content. In addition, the phase detector can be clocked at high speed.

Topic: Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Additional file 4: Table S4. of Detailed transcriptome analysis of the plant growth promoting Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5 by using RNA-seq technology

Putative RNA motifs present in the genome of P. riograndensis SBR5. Highlighted cells are referent to riboswitches detected in the transcriptome analysis. (XLSX 22 kb)

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ceiling respiratory depression by dezocine

Dezocine in equianalgesic intravenous doses depressed respiratory response to CO2 breathing of six healthy subjects to approximately the same degree as morphine but with a more rapid onset and higher peak depression. The depression was dose related up to 30 mg/70 kg but was not increased by an additional 10 mg/70 kg dose. Its duration of effect was approximately the same as that of morphine. Respiratory depression by dezocine was promptly and almost completely antagonized by 0.4 mg naloxone, but antagonism lasted less than 1 hr. Healthy subjects found dezocine less pleasant than morphine and after large doses reported sensations suggestive of psychotomimetic effects. A ceiling effect for respiratory depression has now been demonstrated for three agonist-antagonist analgesics: nalorphine, nalbuphine, and dezocine. It is not yet clear to what extent this is a general characteristic of agonist-antagonist analgesics.

Topic: Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 with Incident Dementia: The Framingham Heart Study (S48.004)

Objective: To determine if circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with new-onset cognitive outcomes in a community-based cohort of cognitively healthy adults with long-term follow-up. Background: FGF23 is an emerging vascular biomarker, recently associated with cerebral small vessel disease and poor cognition in patients on dialysis. It also interacts with klotho, an anti-aging and cognition enhancing protein. Design/Methods: We measured serum FGF23 levels in 1537 [53% women, mean age 68.7 (SD 5.7)] dementia-free Framingham Offspring participants at their 7 th quadrennial examination (1998–2001) and followed these participants for the development of clinical all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Secondary outcomes included MRIbased structural brain measures and neurocognitive test performance at exam 7. Results: During a median (Q1, Q3) 12-year (7.0, 13.3) follow up, 122 (7.9%) participants developed dementia, of whom 91 (5.9%) had AD. Proportional-hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, prevalent cardiovascular disease and apoE4 carrier status, revealed that serum FGF23 levels were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia and AD (Hazard ratio [HR] per 1 standard deviation increment in inverse transformed FGF23 value 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56, and 1.37, 95% CI 1.08–1.73, respectively). There was no significant interaction according to presence/absence of significant renal impairment (eGFR Conclusions: Higher circulating FGF23 is associated with an increased risk of dementia suggesting that FGF23-related biological pathways may play a role in the development of dementia. FGF23 may be a useful serological biomarker for dementia, even in individuals without renal impairment. Disclosure: Dr McGrath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Himali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abraham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Connor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Beiser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Courchesne has nothing to disclose. Dr. Satizabal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pase has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramachandran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seshadri has nothing to disclose.

Topic: Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fontes Minores XIII

The thirteenth volume of the Fontes Minores once again provides editions of texts and examinations of specific aspects of Byzantine legal history. Topics include sources for the conspiracy of Michael II against Emperor Leo V and Thessalonian jurisprudence in the Palaiologan age, but also the question of the reasons for studying Byzantine legal history

Topic: Byzantine Studies and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Counting quasar–radio source pairs to derive the millijansky radio luminosity function and clustering strength to<i>z</i> = 3.5

We apply a cross-correlation technique to infer the $S&gt;3$mJy radio luminosity\nfunction (RLF) from the NRAO VLA sky survey (NVSS) to $z\\sim3.5$. We measure\n$\\Sigma$ the over density of radio sources around spectroscopically confirmed\nquasars. $\\Sigma$ is related to the space density of radio sources at the\ndistance of the quasars and the clustering strength between the two samples,\nhence knowledge of one constrains the other. Under simple assumptions we find\n$\\Phi\\propto (1+z)^{3.7\\pm0.7}$ out to $z\\sim2$. Above this redshift the\nevolution slows and we constrain the evolution exponent to $&lt;1.01$ ($2\\sigma$).\nThis behaviour is almost identical to that found by previous authors for the\nbright end of the RLF potentially indicating that we are looking at the same\npopulation. This suggests that the NVSS is dominated by a single population;\nmost likely radio sources associated with high-excitation cold-mode accretion.\nInversely, by adopting a previously modelled RLF we can constrain the\nclustering of high-redshift radio sources and find a clustering strength\nconsistent with $r_0=15.0\\pm 2.5$ Mpc up to $z\\sim3.5$. This is inconsistent\nwith quasars at low redshift and some measurements of the clustering of bright\nFRII sources. This behaviour is more consistent with the clustering of lower\nluminosity radio galaxies in the local universe. Our results indicate that the\nhigh-excitation systems dominating our sample are hosted in the most massive\ngalaxies at all redshifts sampled.\n

Topic: Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Genetic alterations in chromosome 10q24.3 and glutathione S-transferase omega 2 gene polymorphism in ovarian cancer.

The molecular basis of ovarian cancer development has not been fully elucidated. In this study, genetic alterations in ovarian cancer were identified by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). A gene in DNA fingerprinting, amplified from primer AE11, was cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known genes in the genome database. Gene amplification in chromosome 10q24.3 was identified and measured by real-time PCR. Three out of 20 cases harbored this gene amplification. This amplified region was identified as IVS-4 of the glutathione-S-transferase Omega 2 (GSTO2) gene. Therefore, the mutations in all 6 exons of the GSTO2 gene were determined. The A to G transition at codon 142 in exon 4 (AAT to GAT, N142D) was observed. The frequency of GSTO2 gene polymorphism was analyzed in 20 ovarian cancers, compared with 41 normal individuals. The gene frequencies of D142 and N142 allele in ovarian cancer cases were 0.3 and 0.7, whereas in normal females, they were 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. The odds ratio of D142 allele in ovarian cancer was 1.73 (95% CI = 0.51-5.89), indicating that this GSTO2 gene polymorphism may be associated with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Topic: Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap for reconstruction of extensive knee defects

Background Extensive soft‐tissue defects affecting the knee region pose a significant reconstructive challenge and may require separate or multiple flaps for coverage. We evaluated the conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap as an alternative reconstructive option. Methods From January 2013 to December 15, 2016 patients (7 female and 8 male) with a mean age of 47.5 years underwent reconstruction of such defects. Causes were trauma (12 cases) and infection (3 cases). The mean defect size was 40.9 × 20.8 cm (range, 21.4×7.3 to 60.1×40.5 cm). The mean defect surface area was 820.0 cm 2 (range, 273.2‐2,400.4 cm 2 ). The conjoined free flap was anastomosed to the femoral vessels in the adductor canal with (3 cases) or without an arterio‐venous loop (8 cases), posterior tibial vessels (3 cases), or anterior tibial vessels (1 case). Results Postoperatively, 10 patients experienced a total of 14 complications, of which 9 (7 patients) were considered major (requiring additional surgery) and 5 (4 patients) minor (conservative treatment). There was no total flap loss. Partial flap loss occurred in 5 patients. Major donor‐site complications occurred in 6 patients with impaired wound healing (4 cases), seroma (1 case), and hematoma (1 case). Reconstruction was successful in 14 out of 15 patients during a mean follow‐up time of 28.6 months (range, 6.0‐52.5 months). Twelve patients were able to walk at the last follow‐up visit. Conclusions The conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap is a large and reliable flap. It allows for simultaneous 1‐stage reconstruction of complex and unusually large soft‐tissue defects of the knee region.

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences