jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antimitotic and toxicogenetic action of <i>Stevia urticifolia</i> aerial parts on proliferating vegetal and mammalian cells: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> traditional and replacement methods

<i>Stevia urticifolia</i> Thunb. is an underexploited herb possessing bioactive flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative and toxicogenetic properties of the ethyl acetate extract from <i>Stevia urticifolia</i> aerial parts (EtAcSur) upon <i>Artemia salina</i>, erythrocytes, <i>Allium cepa</i> and sarcoma 180 cells and fibroblasts, as well as <i>in vivo</i> studies on mice to determine systemic, macroscopic, and behavioral alterations and bone marrow chromosomal damage. The assessment using <i>A. salina</i> larvae and mouse blood cells revealed LC<sub>50</sub> and EC<sub>50</sub> values of 68.9 and 113.6 µg/ml, respectively. Root growth and mitosis were inhibited by EtAcSur, and chromosomal aberrations were detected only at 100 μg/ml. EtAcSur exhibited potent concentration-dependent viability reduction of S180 and L-929 cells and antioxidant capacity employing ABTS<sup>•</sup> and DPPH<sup>•</sup>. No previous <i>in vivo</i> studies were performed before with the EtAcSur. Signals of acute toxicity were not observed at 300 mg/kg. Physiological and toxicological investigations at 25 and 50 mg/mg/day i.p. for 8 days did not markedly change body or organ relative weights, nor patterns of spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities. In contrast, clastogenic effects on bone marrow were found at 50 mg/mg/day. EtAcSur was found to (1) produce toxicity in microcrustaceans, (2) capacity as free radical scavenger, (3) antimitotic, cytotoxic and clastogenic activties upon vegetal and mammalian cells, and (4) lethality on both tumor and normal murine cells indistinctly. <i>In vivo</i> damage systemic effects were not remarkable and clinical signals of toxicity were not observed, suggesting the significant pharmacological potential of <i>S. urticifolia</i> for the development of antineoplastic agents.<b>Abbreviations:</b> ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EC<sub>50</sub>: effective concentration 50%; EtAcSur: ethyl acetate extract from <i>Stevia urticifolia</i> aerial parts; Hb, hemoglobin; IC<sub>50</sub>: inhibitory concentration 50%; LC<sub>50</sub>,: lethal concentration 50%; MI: mitotic index; RBC, red blood cells; Trolox: 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Use of paclitaxel-eluting balloons for endotherapy of anastomotic strictures following liver transplantation

Biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation are a major source of morbidity and graft failure; however, repeated endoscopic therapy has shown variable long-term success rates. Thus the aim of this prospective case series was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using paclitaxel-eluting balloons in 13 patients requiring treatment for symptomatic anastomotic strictures following liver transplantation. Sustained clinical success-defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 6 months - was achieved in 12 /13 patients (92 %). One, two, and three interventions were required in 9 (69 %), 1, and 2 patients, respectively (mean number of sessions was 1.46). Mean (± SD) bilirubin level dropped from 6.8 (± 4.1) mg/dL to 1.4 (± 0.9) mg/dL. These promising results justify carrying out a randomized comparative trial to confirm this innovative approach.

Topic: Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of three doses of Trichoderma harzianum for the control of black scab (Rhizoctonia solani) of potatoes in Huari, Ancash

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of three levels of concentration of the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum (Tricho-D) in the control of Rhizoctonia solani potato cv. Yungay in Huari, Ancash. Methods: The research was carried at Tumbos farm, located in the district of Chavin de Huantar, Huari, from November 2018 to February 2019. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments (three levels of Tricho-D, and a control). The variables evaluated were: the degree of severity, percentage of incidence, AUDPC, control efficiency, and tuber yield per plant. Results: The dose of 0.3 kg ha-1 of Tricho-D reported less severity with a degree of 0.75 and 7.5% incidence of R. solani disease. Likewise, the dose of 0.3 kg ha-1 of Tricho-D had an effect antagonistic about the fungus R. solani obtaining a high control efficiency with 82.5%. The highest dose of 0.3 kg ha-1 of Tricho-D reported a higher yield per plant with 757.5 g plant-1 in cv. Yungay. Conclusions: The dose of 0.3 kg ha-1 of Tricho-D had an antagonistic effect with the parasitic activity of the R. solani fungus controlling the black scab in potatoes cv. Yungay under field conditions in Chavín of Huantar, Huari-Ancash.

Topic: Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of exercise training on autonomic modulation and mood symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

We evaluated the effects of exercise training (ET) on the profile of mood states (POMS), heart rate variability, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and sleep disturbance severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-four patients were randomized into 2 groups, 18 patients completed the untrained period and 16 patients completed the exercise training (ET). Beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure were simultaneously collected for 5 min at rest. Heart rate variability (RR interval) was assessed in time domain and frequency domain (FFT spectral analysis). BRS was analyzed with the sequence method, and POMS was analyzed across the 6 categories (tension, depression, hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion). ET consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, local strengthening, and stretching exercises (72 sessions, achieved in 40±3.9 weeks). Baseline parameters were similar between groups. The comparisons between groups showed that the changes in apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index, and O2 desaturation in the exercise group were significantly greater than in the untrained group (P&lt;0.05). The heart rate variability and BRS were significantly higher in the exercise group compared with the untrained group (P&lt;0.05). ET increased peak oxygen uptake (P&lt;0.05) and reduced POMS fatigue (P&lt;0.05). A positive correlation (r=0.60, P&lt;0.02) occurred between changes in the fatigue item and OSA severity. ET improved heart rate variability, BRS, fatigue, and sleep parameters in patients with OSA. These effects were associated with improved sleep parameters, fatigue, and cardiac autonomic modulation, with ET being a possible protective factor against the deleterious effects of hypoxia on these components in patients with OSA.

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP CASE IN TURKEY DURING PANDEMIC PERIOD

Digital citizenship is the accurate use of technology of a subscriber using computers, the Internet, and digital tools to interact with the participatory culture. Humanity became dependent on the Internet with the increasing technological developments and especially the emergence of the pandemic. Everything from socializing to bank transactions, education, digital games, grocery shopping, and governmental processes are now actualized on digital platforms. The impact of new media on daily life and the ways of use have caused the concept of citizenship to change in a world that has become more global with the effect of the pandemic. Borders began to become blurry and concepts to become global. Subscribers spending a lot of time on digital platforms began to feel that they now belong to those platforms. Thus, digital citizenship has become an important subject. The first thing that comes to mind considering digital citizenship is the Model of Citizenship Model by Ribble and Bailey. This model of digital citizenship has a framework consisting of nine elements associated with each other. In this study, the digital citizenship elements starting with the digital access of digital technology users as digital trade, digital communication, digital literacy, digital ethics, digital law, digital rights and responsibilities, digital health, and digital security based on this model will be examined. Mastery of each element brings Internet subscribers one step closer to be named as digital citizens. These elements also serve as guidance for all subjects transferred to the digital medium such as education, economy, health, and law after the pandemic. The relationship between digital citizenship and the rapidly developing digital world during the Covid-19 pandemic will be revealed in this study. The researchers intend to examine the way digital citizenship is perceived in Turkey with semi- structured interviews.

Topic: Social Media and Politics
Subfield: Communication
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Google Street View vehicle-based mobile air quality observations in Salt Lake City (May 2019-March 2020)

Google Street View (GSV) mobile air quality data collected in Salt Lake City as part of an Environmental Defense Fund-supported project that took place between May 2019 and March 2020. <br> The data collection, resolved at 1-second frequency, was carried out with two GSV vehicles. The data is in a single CSV (comma-separated value) text file.

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
One Law, Two Competitions: An Enquiry into the Contradictions of Free Movement Law

Abstract The long-established contradictions of free movement law are caused by the implicit reference to two contradictory paradigms of economic integration. The first paradigm seeks to avoid the competition among private businesses being distorted by national regulations, therefore aiming at the creation of a ‘level playing field’ (regulatory neutrality paradigm). The second paradigm seeks to ensure the proper functioning of the process of competition among Member States, and accordingly aims at maximising the opportunities for ‘regulatory arbitrage’ (regulatory competition paradigm). In more detail, the tension between those two paradigms of economic integration results in three central nodes of internal market law: the eventuality of a positive harmonisation, the negative harmonisation conundrum, and the regulatory mobility dilemma. In sum, one (free movement) law is assigned the contradictory mission of ensuring the proper functioning of two competitive processes: the competition among private businesses (regulatory neutrality) and among Member States (regulatory competition).

Topic: Corporate Governance and Law
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Convergence rates for moment collocation solutions of linear operator equations

Given a linear operator equation Kf=g with data g(x i )i=1,…,n, we consider the general moment collocation solution defined as the function f n that minimizes ||Pf n ||2 over a Hilbert space, subject to Kf n (x i )=g(x i )i=1,…,n. Here P is an orthogonal projection with a finite dimensional null space. In the case of P=I, the identity, it is known that if a certain kernel depending on K is continuous, then f n → f 0 , the true solution, as the maximum subinterval width → 0. Moreover, if the kernel satisfies a smoothness condition, then rates of convergence are known. In this paper we extend these results to the case with general P.

Topic: Differential Equations and Boundary Problems
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fig molasses: Processing Essentials and Organoleptic Properties

Local varieties of fig fruits (genus Ficus) are classified by their morphological characteristics mainly color of outer layer versus color inside. This has resulted in three categories, namely green outer layer with both white and red color inside and with outside and inside red color. Fig molasses produced following a traditional Lebanese recipe, using overripe-fresh-figs, was scrutinized to assess technical details such as fig molasses per fig conversion values (FMFCV) (kg/100kg figs) and organoleptic properties. Part of the prepared figs had pH adjusted to around 4.2 using citric acid. Concerning FMFCV there was no significant differences between molasses produced using the different fig cultivars. Water was added to the strained figs and a second extract was produced. FFMCV recognized from the first straining was significantly higher than that value recorded from the second straining. There was no significant difference between the two products concerning pH, water activity and ash content. Fig molasses produced from pH-adjusted figs had a significantly higher FFMCV, lower pH and higher ash content compared to those produced from non-pH-adjusted ones; however, no significant difference water activity was detected. Concerning organoleptic properties there was no significant difference between all the fig molasses produced. The use of the overripe figs shows how traditional methods have innate food waste reduction concept. Lower pH, higher FFMCV and no significant difference in the sensory attributes favor the use of the citric acid in the recipe since in would increase the production efficiency and would prolong the product shelf life.

Topic: Phytochemistry and biological activities of Ficus species
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Epilogue: Modernity’s Radical Ear and the Sonic Infidelity of Zora Neale Hurston’s Recordings

The concluding chapter offers an alternate and parallel history of listening to the other in modernity through an examination of recordings made of and by Zora Neale Hurston in various recording expeditions between 1935 and 1939. This contrapuntal Epilogue focuses on recordings that offer an alternative listening relation to the one chronicled in the other five chapters, one that is as firmly rooted within modernity but refuses the social structuration and symbolic formations mapped in the WMCI. This concluding chapter presents a different origin story of recording than the one chronicled in the book, offering the starting point for a liberationist genealogy that the book wishes for.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Molecular Recognition of Nerve Agents and Their Organophosphorus Surrogates: Toward Supramolecular Scavengers and Catalysts

Abstract Nerve agents are tetrahedral organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that were developed in the last century to irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and therefore impede neurological signaling in living organisms. Exposure to OPs leads to a rapid development of symptoms from excessive salivation, nasal congestion and chest pain to convulsion and asphyxiation which if left untreated may lead to death. These potent toxins are prepared on a large scale from inexpensive staring materials, making it feasible for terrorist groups or states to use them against military and civilians. The existing antidotes provide limited protection and are difficult to apply to a large number of affected individuals. While new prophylactics are currently being developed, there is still need for therapeutics capable of both preventing and reversing the effects of OP poisoning. In this review, we describe how the science of molecular recognition can expand the pallet of tools for rapid and safe sequestration of nerve agents.

Topic: Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Visceral fat area is the first independent predictive biomarker of VEGF-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-1473 / Visceral fat area is the first independent predictive biomarker of VEGF-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer by: B. Guiu, J.-M. Petit, F. Bonnetain, S. Ladoire, S. Guiu, J.-P. Cercueil, D. Krause, P. Hillon, F. Ghringhelli; Dijon/FR

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Image of Restoration Science: The Frontispiece to Thomas Sprat's History of the Royal Society (1667)

Book synopsis: This book is about a single image - the frontispiece to Thomas Sprat’s History of the Royal-Society of London (1667). Designed by John Evelyn, and etched by Wenceslaus Hollar, it is arguably the best-known representation of seventeenth-century English science. The use of such plates to celebrate and legitimise the ‘new’ science of the period falls into a tradition that was well-established both in Britain and in Europe more generally, and which has increasingly attract attention from historians. Nevertheless, there are many questions to be asked about it and how it came into being. Was it an original composition by Evelyn, or is it based on earlier exemplars? Can all the scientific instruments, books and other objects that appear in it be identified, and what significance should be attached to their inclusion? Above all, how did the plate come to be designed in the first place, and what is its true relationship with Sprat’s book? In order to assess such issues, this study provides a full analysis of Evelyn’s image in its Royal Society setting and the wider world of early-modern science. The book first considers the overall iconography of the image and its message concerning Evelyn’s conception of the society’s role, before moving on to examine the myriad of details included in the plate and their significance. It concludes by considering the print’s history after publication, including the extent to which Evelyn used copies to exemplify the combination of technological and artistic accomplishment to which he believed the society should aspire.

Topic: Historical Philosophy and Science
Subfield: History and Philosophy of Science
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Palm vein for efficient person recognition based on 2D Gabor filter

Palm vein recognition is a relatively new method in biometrics. This paper presents an effective palm vein feature extraction approach for improving the efficiency of palm vein identification. In this paper, relevant preprocessing steps as rotation and extraction of the Region of Interest are presented. In feature extraction, multiple 2D Gabor filters with 4 orientations are employed to extract the phase information on a palm vein image, which is then merged into unique feature according to an encoding rule. Hamming distance is used for vein recognition. Experiments are carried on a selfmade palm vein database. Experimental results show that the method in this paper achieved a higher correct recognition rate and a faster speed.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pediatric herpes simplex virus infections: an evidence-based approach to treatment.

Herpes simplex virus is a common virus that causes a variety of clinical presentations ranging from mild to life-threatening. Orolabial and genital herpes are common disorders that can often be managed in an outpatient setting; however, some patients do present to the emergency department with those conditions, and emergency clinicians should be aware of possible complications in the pediatric population. Neonatal herpes is a rare disorder, but prompt recognition and initiation of antiviral therapy is imperative, as the morbidity and mortality of the disease is high. Herpes encephalitis is an emergency that also requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose. Herpes simplex virus is also responsible for a variety of other clinical presentations, including herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, eczema herpeticum, and ocular herpes. This issue reviews the common clinical presentations of the herpes simplex virus, the life-threatening infections that require expedient identification and management, and recommended treatment regimens.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cousin Cases of Kawasaki Disease Suggesting Person-to-Person Transmission

To the Editor.— Kawasaki disease is a disease of unknown etiology affecting infants and young children. Its epidemiology as observed in Japan and in many other countries suggests that the etiology is infectious.1 We wish to report two cases of Kawasaki disease in first cousins that strongly suggest person-to-person transmission. The first patient was a Japanese boy, aged 3 years and 8 months, living in Tokyo. He had been in excellent health until February 17, 1989 when he had a sudden fever which continued for 6 days.

Topic: Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Rise and Fall of Management of Innovation. The Transformation of a Concept and of Management Practice in the Knowledge Economy

Management of innovation (as a concept) was invented by Burns and Stalker (1961). Managing innovations, of course, was the natural outcome of a process, which, among innovation theorists, has been called the Schumpeter Mk II mode, that is, the transformation of innovations to corporate research and development (R&D) departments. This phenomenon, discussed in Schumpeter (1943 [19811), was one of the consequences of the development of corporate capitalism, observed by Berle and Means (1932) and Burnham (1941) already but was a process with origins (also) in the German chemical industry in the late 19th century (cf. Schmookler, 1957; Freeman, 1974; Mowery & Rosenberg, 1998). This chapter argues that the management of innovation concept has become increasingly irrelevant for the understanding of management problems — and thus as a basis for management decisions — related to industrial change. The conditions for this loss of relevance were present in the 1980s already, that is, during the phase when management of innovation theory developed as a research field in academia. This loss of relevance is also, it is argued, related to the emerging problem of isolating 'innovations' from activities in general in the knowledge-based economy.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences