jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Monitoring of laser treatment of rat tumors using digital x-ray imaging technique&lt;/title&gt;

An optically coupled CCD digital x-ray imaging system was used in monitoring laser immunotherapy treatment of a metastatic breast tumor in rats. The treatment modality involved an intratumor injection of photosensitizer and immunoadjuvant, followed by a noninvasive irradiation of an 805-nm diode laser using a multiple fiber delivery device designed to facilitate deep laser energy penetration. The high resolution digital x-ray imaging system acquired rat images following the intratumor injection of the photosensitizer and immunoadjuvant in an attempt to determine their distribution inside the tumor and in the surrounding normal tissue. The change of the transmitted x- ray signal due to photosensitizer/immunoadjuvant injection could be clearly differentiated using the x-ray images. Digital x-ray images of treated tumors were obtained during the laser treatment. The dynamic observation showed that the photothermal reaction in tumors by the combination of the in situ laser-absorbing dye and the laser energy caused a quick increase of x-ray signals, while the x-ray signals in the tissue without dye remained relatively unchanged during the treatment. The distribution of the injected drugs and the near-real-time x-ray signal change in tissue during laser treatment could be used to optimize the treatment parameters. Our results indicate that x-ray image guided laser treatment of deep tumors is highly feasible.

Topic: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Sedimentation in Breton Sound and Effects of Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet: ABSTRACT

The Mississippi River-Gulf outlet is a channel 36 ft deep and 500 ft wide extending from a point south of Michoud, Louisiana, southeastward across the marshes and Breton Sound into the Gulf of Mexico. The outlet was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide additional access to the Port of New Orleans and thereby ease traffic on the Mississippi River. The channel crosses a delta lobe constructed when the Mississippi River flowed down a course east of its present course. The sedimentary environments and the features formed by the destruction of the now abandoned and subsiding lobe have a great influence on sedimentation in the outlet and, conversely, the outlet has had a profound effect on the environments on which it has been superimposed. The outlet has ncountered an excessive amount of shoaling in its Breton Sound reach. In an effort to determine the cause(s) of the shoaling and the source(s) of the shoal material, a study was made of the factors influencing sediment distribution in the Breton Sound area (e.g., tides, winds, spoil, and sediment distribution, salinity, current directions, and velocities). The principal source of the shoal material was determined to be the spoil dredged from the outlet itself which returns to the channel by density flow rather than by normal deposition of suspended material. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1827------------

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Variable Beamwidth Near Field Codebook Design for Communications Aided by A Large Scale RIS

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs )-aided communication at millimeter wave frequencies will likely require a large size RIS to achieve the expected link budget in outdoor environments. This large size of the RIS will induce a near field (NF) operation mode. Previous approaches to operate in the NF consider RIS configurations that provide very focused beams, targeted toward a grid of user locations to build the corresponding codebook. In this paper, we design variable width beam codebooks for the NF using a technique that maps the RIS elements to a tunable spherical surface. By tuning the size and center of the surface, variable width beams and illuminated areas can be achieved. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to maintain a high average rate while expanding the illumination region associated to beam focusing. Our configuration also outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of maintaining the intended shape of the illuminated region even if not in the boresight directions of the RIS.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Employment and Development as Poll Issues in Bihar: A Paradigm Shift in Electioneering

Bihar poll has always been characterized by caste coalitions.The political parties generally give poll tickets to the candidates belonging to the most dominant caste in terms of number in any constituency.All the socio-economic issues take a backseat during polls in Bihar, which is one of the most backward states of the country.It is true that all the political parties bring out nicely worded manifestos during each election.But such manifestos are just an appendage to the caste-based poll strategies adopted by all the political parties without any exception.The caste calculations are so well ingrained across the party lines that newspapers unusually publish the percentage break up of poll candidates with their castes.This article explores how the scenario has changed during the elections in 2020 when every political party is focusing on employment and development.Indeed, the caste coalitions have taken a backseat.It would be worthwhile to see whether the issue of employment and development actually influences the election results or people stick to a more conservative approach to voting based on caste affiliations while they continue to suffer due to joblessness and poverty as well as lack of basic amenities like health care, education, roads, power supply, potable water, etc.

Topic: Social and Economic Development in India
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Impact of weather type variability on winter precipitation, temperature and annual snowpack in the Spanish Pyrenees

The annual frequency of the occurrence of 10 discriminated weather types were summarized using a principal component analysis that revealed 4 different prevailing winter conditions affecting the Spanish Pyrenees. Northeasterly and easterly flows lead to dry and cold winters where snow only accumulates on northern slopes and mainly in the central Pyrenees. North and northwesterly flows favor wet and cold winters and an increase of snow accumulation in the western Pyrenees and on the northern slopes at lower elevations. Cyclonic and westerly flows favor an increase in precipitation and snow accumulation in all the Pyrenees at lower elevations and cold winters. Finally, southerly flows are associated with milder conditions and high precipitation in the central sector of the Pyrenees, where snow only accumulates at high elevations. For most stations, there were no significant trends in precipitation or temperature during the current reference climatic period (1981-2010), which was in agreement with the lack of observed principal component trends during the same period. Focusing on the shorter 1985-2010 period for which snow data were available, snow depth at mid-March demonstrated significant positive trends associated with an increase in westerly, southwesterly and cyclonic weather during this period. The results demonstrate that the changes in precipitation, temperature and snow accumulation are clearly related to changes in circulation patterns, which are the main driver of temporal fluctuations in the considered climatologies.

Topic: Cryospheric studies and observations
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mount Scopus International Standards Of Judicial Independence (2008)

of judicial independence : conceptual foundations and practical challenges / edited by Shimon Shetreet, Christopher Forsyth. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-18833-4 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Judicial independence--Congresses. I. Shetreet, Shimon. II. Forsyth, C. F. K3367.C85 2011 347

Topic: European and International Law Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Sustaining a system wide intervention to promote increased smoking cessation rates among pregnant women

Background and challenges to implementation In 2011/12, more pregnant women smoked at delivery in North East England (population 2.6 million) than the national average (21% vs 13%). Work with midwives across the region identified barriers to implementing national guidance for universal carbon monoxide (CO) screening and referral for smoking cessation (SC) support. These included lack of equipment, and midwives' concerns that quit advice was not worthwhile and might undermine relationships with women. Intervention or response A system wide approach, babyClear©, was commissioned across 12 local government areas involving eight NHS hospital maternity services and associated smoking cessation services. The intervention provided equipment and training for universal CO monitoring, opt-out referral to SC services and enhanced support to quit. Independent evaluation assessed effectiveness and implementation. Service data for more than 37,000 deliveries in 2013-14, including 10,500 smokers, was analysed for impact on quit rates. Interviews with more than 90 healthcare staff were conducted. Routine smoking at delivery data for local commissioning areas was monitored 2012-2017. Results and lessons learnt Quit rates nearly doubled (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.2) and referrals for SC support increased by 2.5 fold (95% CI 2.2-2.8) after initial implementation (Bell et al, 2017). There was variation in effectiveness between maternity services. Process evaluation indicated that effective SC advice was deliverable within routine maternity care and acceptable to women and maternity staff. Diversity of SC service delivery models, variable resourcing and organisational stability influenced implementation. Regional smoking at delivery rates declined steadily from 21% to 16% 2012-2017, but some localities experienced recent increases, suggesting variable sustainability. Conclusions and key recommendations The intervention improved quit rates through system wide training and action to improve identification and referral of pregnant smokers. Local contexts have a critical role to play in both implementing and sustaining such initiatives into practice. Identifying core intervention ingredients and potential for flexibility and tailoring is recommended.

Topic: Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Garry oak savannah stand history and change in coastal southern British Columbia

In this thesis I investigate the history of Garry oak (' Quercus garryana') savannah patches in coastal British Columbia and the changes to these ecosystems over recent centuries. Remnant Garry oak patches have been altered by agriculture, development, increased herbivory, exotic plants, and fire suppression. Identifying the historical stand structure and ecosystem processes is therefore critical for effective site management and restoration. In this study, tree-ring analysis was used to reconstruct the stand and disturbance history at eight Garry oak communities within and adjacent to the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve. Varying levels of disturbance and tree establishment were found to have occurred at the time of European settlement. After the initial colonization by Garry oak, Douglas-fir ('Pseudotsuga menziesii') recruitment increased and has been ongoing. Results from the smaller islands suggest that local environmental conditions, weather events, and competitive interactions are important controls of ecosystem dynamics on these sites.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Social contract as a tool of state social protection

The article considers the programme of social protection of the population – the social contract (hereinafter referred to as SC). Its development and implementation in the Russian Federation has allowed to bring forms of support for citizens and fight against poverty to a new level. The author considers the main results of the project implementation which has made it possible to change the approach in the fight against poverty to a stimulating mechanism of self-sufficiency. The experience of individual foreign countries described and analysed in the article has allowed us to compare the mechanisms of stimulating citizens to achieve the level of self-sufficiency and highlight key features and differences. The activities of foreign programmes encourage population to actively integrate into the labour market while providing assistance in exchange for fulfilling obligations to improve their skills, find a job, ensure financial security and opportunities for professional growth and self-sufficiency in the future. The programmes are not only successful in the social protection system, but also reduce poverty and inequality. The article shows that the domestic experience of implementing social support for citizens through the social contract allows us to comprehensively solve the problem of stimulation and targeted work with beneficiaries, forming an independent and informed choice of household members. The expansion of the programme acts as a guideline for continuing state support activities and ensuring interdepartmental interaction in order to form a strategic approach in the development of the state support measures for the family through targeted programmes with an effective combination of direct financial assistance and incentive measures for the long term.

Topic: Employment and Welfare Studies
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
[Corticosteroid therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis].

Corticosteroid treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis is not conclusive, although sarcoid granulomas in the heart may be more responsive to steroid therapy than in other organs. Healing of sarcoidosis lesions in the heart results in fibrosis and sinning of the myocardium, which may lead to aneurysm formation causing congestive heart failure or sudden death. Congestive heart failure is the leading cause of death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis in Japan. It is reasonable to initiate steroid therapy as soon as the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is established in order to prevent fibrosis. Early initiation of steroid therapy with conventional treatment for specific cardiac manifestations (antiarrhythmic therapy, pacemaker implantation and heart failure medication) should bring improvement in the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function with prevention from malignant arrhythmias. Systemic disorder represents a contraindication to organ transplantation, but heart transplantation is now a feasible treatment for patients with end-stage cardiac sarcoidosis with congestive heart failure.

Topic: Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solution Focused Counseling with a Substance Abusing Client

Substance abuse counseling is typically offered from a cognitive-behavioral or 12-step based approach. Solutionfocused theory can offer counselors with an alternative perspective for working with clients with drug abuse issues. In this article, a case report is presented in which the author utilized a solution-focused approach with a client experiencing co-occurring anxiety and severe alcohol use. Solution-focused theory is briefly described and techniques for use with the model are detailed. The effective use of exception and coping questions are described in the case report and outcomes of these interventions are presented. The article concludes with a discussion on the need for further research and suggests specific areas for additional investigation.

Topic: Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
P wave attenuation structure by spectral inversion of seismic waveforms

We introduce the 3-D attenuation tomographic approach that combines the frequency-domain inversions scheme consisting of a set of sub-inversions and the site effect estimation scheme based on the residual spectra. We apply it to data observed at the Japanese Islands to estimate three-dimensional P wave attenuation structure beneath the Japanese islands. The results show that the Qp-1 distribution is highly variable over the entire Japanese Islands, with the spatial wavelength of 2-3 degrees. This heterogeneous material property of the underground structure may be related to a tectonic state beneath the Japanese Islands.

Topic: Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Aversive Responses to Stereotypic STEM Images Predicts Women’s Long–Term STEM Memories and Underperformance in Math

Social identity threat (SIT) is a situational stressor that increases arousal and negative affect, biases memory encoding towards domain-specific negative affect, and impairs performance when women are outnumbered by men. One consequence of these effects could be that women develop learned aversions towards stigmatized STEM domains. Four studies tested whether stereotypic STEM images (STEMIs) prompt aversive-like responses that predict SIT-like outcomes, including underperformance in SIT contexts and more negative SIT-oriented memories over time. Using a dot-probe paradigm, Study 1 found that only SIT women exhibited greater arousal responses to STEMIs compared to stereotypic non-STEM images (NonSTEMIs), perceived STEMIs as more negatively arousing compared to men, and underperformed; men in this context showed a similar arousal response to STEMIs and NonSTEMIs and performed better. Study 2 replicated this effect among women STEM majors and linked aversive responses to more negative affect laden memories for the STEM lab experience five weeks later. Using EEG, Study 3 found that enhanced processing of STEMIs presented during an attentional blink task (indexed via increased communication between occipital and prefrontal cortical regions) predicted underperformance on a math test among SIT women but marginally better performance among men. Study 4 mitigated SIT underperformance effects among women utilizing a dot-probe training paradigm that blunted arousal responses to STEMIs; instructing men to attend to STEMIs facilitated their performance. STEM aversions may thus facilitate SIT-like effects, possibly defining what the “threat” in SIT is, however, blunting aversions can attenuate these effects when women work alongside men in STEM performance situations.

Topic: Insect Resistance and Genetics
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Mice after Clostridioides difficile Infection Reveals Novel Inflammatory Pathways and Contributing Microbiota

Clostridioides difficile causes the highest number of nosocomial infections. Currently, treatment options for C. difficile infection (CDI) are very limited, resulting in poor treatment outcomes and high recurrence rates. Although the disease caused by CDI is inflammatory in nature, the role of inflammation in the development of CDI symptoms is contradictory and not completely understood. Hence, the use of anti-inflammatory medication is debatable in CDI. In the current study, we evaluated the genetic and microbiome profiles of mice after infection with C. difficile. These mice were categorized based on the severity of CDI and the results were viewed accordingly. Our results indicate that certain genes are upregulated in severe CDI more than in the moderate case. These include oncostatin-M (OSM), matrix metalloprotease 8 (MMP8), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (Trem-1), and dual oxidase 2 (Duox2). We also investigated the microbiome composition of CDI mice before and after infecting with C. difficile. The results show that C. difficile abundance is not indicative of diseases severity. Certain bacterial species (e.g., Citrobacter) were enriched while others (e.g., Turicibacter) were absent in severe CDI. This study identifies novel inflammatory pathways and bacterial species with a potential role in determining the severity of CDI.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Raw data related to publication "Microplastics could be marginally more hazardous than natural suspended solids –a meta-analysis"

Supplementary data table 1 contains collated toxicity data for microplastics and suspended solids. The R-code for all analyses which are based on data table 1 is also provided. Data and R-code are related to publication:Microplastics could be marginally more hazardous than natural suspended solids –a meta-analysisM. Ogonowski1*, M. Wagner2, B. Rogell1, M. Haave3,4, A. Lusher5,61 Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-17893, Drottningholm, Sweden2 Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway3 NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Climate &amp; Environment, Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway4 Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway5 Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway*Corresponding author: martin.ogonowski@slu.se<br><br>

Topic: Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Competing on Performance on the Global Marketplace

Globalization has triggered many new ways for companies to improve their business performance and stay competitive in the marketplace. Initially most companies strengthen their capability and competence towards developing competitive differentiation through continuous innovation to stay competitive and build sustainable brand image for their products and services. Over the mid-twentieth century, the information technology has made manifold advance proving scope for the companies to access the market information, carry out data analytics to meet their corporate requirements, and to derive right business decision for developing right competitive strategies. Accordingly, the new approaches of decision support systems have emerged and companies are interestingly adapting to the new environment of information analysis. The Big Data, business analytics, and business intelligence approaches have enveloped the business-to-business and business-to-customer industries as a strong decision making tool of the twenty-first century. This chapter discusses the state-of-art approaches and their impact on market competitiveness of the companies.

Topic: Big Data and Business Intelligence
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences