jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Functional and structural analysis of VLA-4 integrin alpha 4 subunit cleavage.

The cell surface heterodimer VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1), a member of the integrin family of adhesion receptors, is involved in both cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion. Unlike any other integrin alpha subunit, the intact (150 kDa) alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 can sometimes be cleaved into two noncovalently associated fragments (80 and 70 kDa). Using biosynthetic and mixing experiments, we found that human alpha 4 cleavage is a regulated, compartmentalized event, occurring soon after maturation of the beta 1-associated alpha 4 subunit. Cleavage of alpha 4, which is increased following T cell activation, has been suggested to correlate with altered VLA-4 functions. To address directly the functional importance of alpha 4 cleavage, we have studied VLA-4-mediated adhesion functions in cells expressing intact alpha 4 in comparison with cells expressing cleaved alpha 4. For this purpose, we first sequenced the N terminus of the endogenously produced 70-kDa alpha 4 fragment and identified the alpha 4 cleavage site between Lys557-Arg558 and Ser559. To abolish cleavage, we converted Arg558 to Leu or Lys557 to Gln by site-directed mutagenesis of the alpha 4 cDNA and then transfected both mutant and wild type alpha 4 cDNAs into VLA-4-negative K562 cells. Whereas transfection with wild type alpha 4 cDNA yielded predominantly cleaved alpha 4 subunit, the Leu558-alpha 4 yielded only intact alpha 4 subunit, and Gln557-alpha 4 yielded mostly intact alpha 4 subunit. Transfectants with the intact or the cleaved alpha 4 were equally capable of engaging in VLA-4-dependent adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and to the Hep II fragment of fibronectin (40 kDa) and aggregated equally well in response to anti-alpha 4 antibodies. Thus, cleavage of the alpha 4 subunit in these transfectants did not alter any of the known VLA-4-mediated adhesion functions.

Topic: Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Vectorial chemistry in bioenergetics: cytochrome c oxidase as a redox-linked proton pump

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVectorial chemistry in bioenergetics: cytochrome c oxidase as a redox-linked proton pumpBo G. MalmstroemCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 6, 332–338Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00030a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00030a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Calvinisme dan Ilmu Pengetahuan: Suatu Tinjauan Filosofis terhadap Pemikiran Abraham Kuyper

ABSTRACT:Â This article is focused on systematic explanation of Abraham Kuypers thought on Calvinism and science. Some of significant contributions of Calvinism are the theological foundation of science and its liberation from churchs invasion. This article uses a philosophical approach in its methodology and not a theological one. Therefore, Ifrequently make critical dialogues with the philosophy of science in reading and analyzing Kuypers notion. Final ending of this research is an articulation of its implications to the ethics of science. On this point, I will consider the contribution of David Resnick.Â KEYWORDS:Â Calvinism,Â science,Â Abraham Kuyper,Â ethics.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Direct synthesis by hot pressing and thermoelectric properties of Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/

Direct synthesis by hot pressing has been used in order to produce high efficiency Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ bulk specimens. Single phase Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ with 98.5% of theoretical density were successfully produced by direct hot pressing of elemental powders containing 1.2 at.% excess Zn. Phase transformations in this alloy system during synthesis were investigated using DSC, XRD and SEM. Thermoelectric properties as a function of temperature were investigated from room temperature to 600 K and compared with results of other studies. Transport properties at room temperature were also evaluated. Seebeck coefficient increases and electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature up to 600 K. Thermoelectric power factors in directly synthesized Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ up to 600 K were comparable to published data, leading to an estimated figure of merit value of 1.2 at 600 K. Direct synthesis by hot pressing provides an optional processing route in this material.

Topic: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Role of calcium antagonists in cardiovascular therapy.

The development of drugs which selectively block the "slow" channels by which calcium enters the cell (calcium antagonists) has provided valuable information about the role of transmembrane calcium exchange in man and has offered new therapeutic approaches. The principal effect on the cardiovascular system is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle but some of these drugs also have electrophysiological effects, especially slowing of conduction in the atrioventricular node; verapamil is the agent of choice in supraventricular tachycardia. Significant myocardial depression does not usually occur with doses used clinically. The calcium antagonists have specific value in variant angina. By causing peripheral vasodilatation they are also effective hypotensive agents and do not cause reflex tachycardia in chronic use. Their value in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in the protection of ischaemic myocardium remains to be proven.

Topic: Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reduced left internal mammary artery blood flow on normal sternal retraction

The left internal mammary artery is the conduit of choice for bypassing the left anterior descending artery. A 72-year-old man underwent off-pump triple-vessel coronary artery bypass. The left internal mammary artery was harvested with brisk blood flow from the distal artery on completion of harvesting, but normal sternal retraction with a Medtronic OctoBase retractor led to cessation of flow. A vein graft was utilized for the left anterior descending artery, and the internal mammary artery was grafted to the first diagonal branch. Computed tomography-angiography on postoperative day 5 demonstrated no possible cause of the reduced flow on sternal retraction.

Topic: Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Cervical spinal meningioma with unusual MR contrast enhancement.

A 16-year-old girl had progressive neck pain and weakness in the left hand. MR images showed a dumbbell-shaped spinal tumor with a prominently enhancing intradural component and a minimally enhancing extradural component. Pathologic examination revealed a meningioma with an intradural transitional component and an extradural syncytial component. The tumor showed no significant cystic change or necrosis.

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pathological and Evolutionary Implications of Retroviruses as Mobile Genetic Elements

Retroviruses, a form of mobile genetic elements, have important roles in disease and primate evolution. Exogenous retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have significant pathological implications that have created a massive public health challenge in recent years. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are the primary focus of this review, can also be pathogenic, as well as being beneficial to a host in some cases. Furthermore, retroviruses may have played a key role in primate evolution that resulted in the incorporation of these elements into the human genome. Retroviruses are mobile genetic elements that have important roles in disease and primate evolution. We will further discuss the pathogenic potential of retroviruses, including their role in cancer biology, and will briefly summarize their evolutionary implications.

Topic: Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A compact multi-mode CORDIC with Global-Shifting-Sum (GSS) method

Coordinate Rotational Digital Computer (CORDIC) has been widely used as an iterative algorithm for performing rotations in many digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The CORDIC algorithm is divided into two modes, which are the rotation and vectoring modes. The conventional hardware architecture of CORDIC algorithm has two problems. First, though the computations of both modes are very similar, two separate modules are used in separate hardware architecture. Second, after computations of the whole iterations, an extra scaling operation to make a normalized output has been another computational burden. In this paper, we present a compact multi-mode CORDIC architecture, where both of the rotation and vectoring modes can be performed using a shared hardware architecture. In addition, Global-Shifting-Sum (GSS) approach which uses one adder and one barrel shifter is also proposed to efficiently eliminate the scaling operation of CORDIC. The proposed multi-mode GSS CORDIC is implemented as the iterative cross-folded architecture to minimize the area of CORDIC. The experimental results with 65nm CMOS process show 42% area reduction compared to the conventional two separate hardware architectures of CORDIC with minor degradation in accuracy.

Topic: Numerical Methods and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Decision-Making Scores and Hunger Susceptibility: A Positive Correlation Mediated by Fasting FGF21 Independently of Body Fat

Background/Objectives: Understanding the relationship between metabolism and eating behavior may improve how we treat and prevent obesity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone secreted by the liver with a putative role in energy expenditure, energy intake, and weight regulation. In this secondary analysis, we studied how fasting FGF21 is correlated with eating behavior and decision making, as measured by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), respectively. Methods: Participants (n = 98; women = 19; white = 31) were medically healthy, between 18 and 55 years of age, weight-stable 6 months before admission, and had normal glucose regulation. Women were premenopausal and not pregnant. Pearson partial correlations were determined, accounting for age, sex, and body fat percentage. A mediation analysis examining whether the association between hunger and IGT score was mediated by FGF21 values was performed using general linear models. Results: In partial correlations adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage, we found that fasting FGF21 concentrations were positively correlated with hunger susceptibility (sum of internal and external cues) (partial r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and internal hunger (partial r = 0.22, p = 0.04), disinhibition (partial r = 0.27, p = 0.01), and better decision making (higher IGT scores) (partial r = 0.40, p = 0.0001). We also found a correlation between hunger susceptibility and better decision making, including the same covariates (partial r = 0.25, p = 0.03). However, this correlation was mediated (36%) by fasting FGF21. Conclusions: In this study, participants with greater susceptibility to hunger cues had higher IGT scores (better decision making) in the setting of higher fasting FGF21 concentrations. This provides further evidence of the role of FGF21 in the interplay between eating behavior and decision making. Further studying this topic may improve our understanding of the complex relationship between assessing energy requirements and cognitive processes related to eating behavior.

Topic: Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Simultaneous Attacks by Terrorist Organisations

<span><em>While terror attacks that are a part of a coordinated effort receive attention in the popular media, they have not received much attention in the academic literature. The decision to carry out simultaneous attacks should be examined as one of the choices a terrorist organisation makes about the method of attack. Determining the impact of simultaneous attacks vis-&agrave;-vis a single attack can explain why groups would use this method. Up to one quarter of all attacks coded in two major databases, GTD and ITERATE, may be part of a simultaneous campaign. Empirical analysis shows simultaneous attacks are more likely to be successful and cause more fatalities, though not in a one-to-one fashion. These results underline the importance of considering simultaneous attacks in empirical analysis.</em></span>

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Regulation of acylcoenzyme A. Cholesterol acyltransferase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by lipoproteins in the intestine of parabiont rats.

Parabiont rats were used to study the regulation of intestinal cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase activity) and esterification (acylcoenzyme A/cholesterol acyltransferase [ACAT] activity) by lipoproteins and micellar cholesterol. The parabiont rat model offers a unique way to observe changes in cholesterol metabolism in the intestine, independently of luminal factors. In one group of six surgically joined pairs, one animal was fed rat chow and 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU). Its joined mate was fed rat chow, 0.1% PTU, 5% lard, and 0.3% taurocholic acid. In another group of five pairs, one rat was fed rat chow, 0.1% PTU, 5% lard, 0.3% taurocholic acid, plus 1% cholesterol. Its joined mate was fed the same diet except the cholesterol was deleted. Serum cholesterol changes were equal between members of a given pair, attesting to their common circulation. The administration of PTU itself caused a significant elevation of serum cholesterol. When one parabiont ingested cholesterol, serum cholesterol concentrations increased significantly for both pair members compared with control pairs not ingesting cholesterol. Hepatic and intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activities were significantly decreased in rats fed the diet containing cholesterol. ACAT activities in both organs were markedly increased. This supports previous data that suggest that dietary or luminal cholesterol affects both HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activity in the small intestine. Moreover, in rats that were hypercholesterolemic but not ingesting dietary cholesterol, hepatic and intestinal reductase activities were decreased and ACAT activities were increased compared with the control animals. Intestinal microsomal cholesterol content was increased only in rats fed cholesterol. No changes in intestinal microsomal cholesterol were observed in the other animals. The data suggest that intestinal HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities are regulated by plasma lipoproteins independently of luminal factors. This nonluminal regulatory effect occurs without a measurable contribution to the intestinal microsomal cholesterol pool.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<scp>D</scp> ame <scp>S</scp> irith

Considered one of the earliest examples of the fabliau genre in English, Dame Sirith (c. 1272–83) is a 450‐line poem written in the West Midlands dialect of Middle English. The poem's plot reflects the bawdy tone and sexual subject matter characteristic of medieval fabliaux: a young wife is tricked into committing adultery with a cleric by the titular character. As a result, approaches to the text often attend to the poem's satirization of the conventions of religion and marriage, noting its carnivalesque qualities and drawing upon theories of gender and sexuality, disability studies, and/or posthumanism in their examinations of the text's female characters, its representation of female sexuality, and/or its depiction of disability. In addition to thematic readings of the text, scholars have been interested in the text's possible status as the first Middle English fabliau.

Topic: Medieval Literature and History
Subfield: Classics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
THE JUDGE ABDUL JABBAR HAMATHANI (415 A.H. /1024 A.D.) AND HIS EFFORTS IN PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY THROUGH HIS BOOK " PROPHECY EVIDENCE STABILIZATION"

This study paper will address important aspects of the prophetic biography presented by Judge Abdul-Jabbar in his book Confirmation of Prophecies; He was devoted to report the validity of the Prophet's prophecy through his real-sense miracles and invisible distinctive features about the absentee, as they stated in the Holy Quran or the Prophet's hadith that he followed to show its credibility of historicity. In his book, Judge Abdul-Jabbar has a well-versed culture and an erudite knowledge that he quoted selective contexts from the prophetic biography. Remarkably, all of these contexts did not mention in preceding books written in this manner as a result He has saved them from loss. As well as, he has enriched the biographical preexisting traditions with unprecedented superseding information. The book's themes included an important inspection of the prophetic biography of both the Makki and Madani Era. Keywords: Biography, Prophecy, Miracle, Narration, Makki Era, Madani Era.

Topic: Qur’anic Interpretation Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Clinical Applications Of New Echocardiographic Techniques&lt;/title&gt;

Standard M-mode echocardiography has been accepted for accuracy and safety proven in over twenty years of clinical use. However the special training needed to interpret echocardiographic tracings in this form has made the technique under-utilized by the general medical public. The extension of echocardiography into two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging permits non-invasive visualization of the heart with an anatomic format that makes the resulting information more comprehensible to the average cardiologist and cardiovascular surgeon. Theoretically, examining signals from all areas of the cardiac valve or chamber reduces the chance of sampling error and in fact provides a more solid base for interpretation of abnormalities. The two-dimensional echo (2DE) instruments provide M-mode information, as well as two-dimensional display, and have been shown to be accurate for quantitation of the size of cardiac valves, the presence of intracardiac masses, the volume of cardiac chambers, segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, complex congenital cardiac malformations, and the presence of pericardial fluid surrounding the heart. Several laboratories are carrying out exciting investigations on the effects of acute and chronic coronary artery disease on the motion pattern of ventricular walls as well as recognizing the main coronary vessels per se. Seeing the main coronary arteries allows attempted recognition of pathology within these vessels directly and serves as a basis for identifying the position of intracardiac and transcutaneous flow measuring devices. Also, 2DE can be used to identify the orientation and location of myocardial segments to be sampled for tissue signature analysis in attempts to non-invasively characterize the histology of the heart.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Wrestling with Violence and Injustice Abroad and at Home

Most Central and South American civil wars drew to a close by the late 1980s and early 1990s, overlapping with the more abrupt end of the Cold War in 1989–1991. That is not to say that armed conflict in Latin American countries completely ceased or that new, more equitable societies replaced militarized and highly stratified ones. The end of the civil wars dramatically reduced the pervasiveness of the bloodshed but did little to narrow the enormous income and opportunity gaps between the small number of wealthy, powerful elites and the majority of poor, in both rural and urban areas. As a result, ethical tensions remained, including over the limitations of peace agreements and conflicting goals of truth and reconciliation commissions instituted in the aftermath of conflicts.

Topic: Religion, Society, and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Concernant l’expédition hongroise au sud de la Moldavie (1345)

Abstract : Concerning the Hungarian expedition in the south of Moldova (1345). The Hungarian military expedition started, very probably, some time towards the beginning of the year 1345. Its aim was to stop the Tatar raids on Transylvania coming from this direction. The result of this action was the appearance of a political-military structure east of the Carpathians, controlled by the Hungarian kingdom, and completed shortly after that, by a religious one, through the recreation of the episcopate of Milcovia, in 1347. The new structure, set up here by the Hungarian royalty, managed to contribute, during the following two decennia, to pushing the Mongolian domination towards the maritime area. However, the Hungarian control east of the Carpathians will not resist in front of the pressure exerted by the leaders of the local society, who will manage to impose their own political leader coming through under the protection of Hungary.

Topic: Eurasian Exchange Networks
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exogenous ATP and other nucleoside phosphates modulate epidermal growth factor receptors of A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells.

The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was reduced after exposure of the cells to low concentrations (0.01-1 mM) of ATP and other nucleoside 5'-triphosphates at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degree C. This was due to loss of high-affinity EGF binding sites. The modulation was associated with transient increases in inositol phosphate synthesis and intracellular Ca2+ and with phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on serine and threonine. There was no evidence for entry of labeled ATP into the cells. ATP appeared to bind to specific cell surface receptors. Such binding was demonstrated directly with the nonmetabolizable ATP analogue adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate.

Topic: Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences