jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Properties of “derived” Hankel matrices

Subject of the paper are matrices [a ij ] the entries of which satisfy a difference equation a i +2, j — 2a i +i, j+1 + a i , j+2 = 0 or an analogous equation of higher order. Such matrices will be called derived Hankel matrices. The main results are a generalization of Kronecker's Theorem, Vandermonde factorization of infinite finite-rank derived Hankel matrices, description of their range, rank and signature, and inversion of finite triangular derived Hankel matrices. A definition of "derived Bezoutians" is also included.

Topic: Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals

Abstract The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease that for decades has been viewed as an infectious disease with significant epidemic potential because of the increasing occurrence of human outbreaks in recent years. As public health entities work to contain the current outbreak, healthcare professionals globally are aiming to become familiar with the various clinical presentations and management of this infection. We present in this review an updated overview of monkeypox for healthcare professionals in the context of the ongoing outbreaks around the world.

Topic: Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Medieval Diagram

Length of Seasons: The description in the text and the diagrams in the manuscripts coincide well. The purpose of the diagram is solely to show that the four equal quadrants of the zodiac contain four unequal lengths of the year and what those lengths are. Initially the circle of the twelve signs is laid out, usually within a circular band, sometimes on the outside of a single circle. The four cardinal points ABΓΔ are set anti-clockwise at 90-degree intervals, beginning with A at Aries 0° and at 12 o'clock. Two perpendicular diameters connect the pairs of points AΓ and BΔ. The letter Θ appears at the centerpoint, where the diameters intersect.

Topic: Environmental Sustainability in Business
Subfield: Marketing
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Speed Harmonization and Peak-period Shoulder Use to Manage Urban Freeway Congestion

Traffic congestion is an increasing problem in the nation’s urban areas, leading to personal inconvenience, increased pollution, hampered economic productivity, and reduced quality of life. While traffic congestion tends to continuously increase, growth in transportation infrastructure is limited by financial and land availability constraints. This has placed an increasing emphasis on using dynamic traffic management strategies, such as speed harmonization and peak-period shoulder use, to efficiently manage congestion using existing freeway capacity. This project implemented various strategies of variable speed limits and shoulder use and assessed their impact on traffic operations and safety of freeways. These strategies were found to homogenize traffic and create safer driving conditions, but did not increase the throughput of the system. The intelligent transportation system (ITS) devices required to implement these strategies, enforcement issues, potential impediments in their implementations, and a framework for cost-benefit analysis to determine the economic viability are also discussed.

Topic: Transportation Planning and Optimization
Subfield: Transportation
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Targeting Caspases 3/6 and Cathepsins L/B May Decrease Laminopathy-Induced Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Laminopathy is a pathological manifestation observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to neuronal apoptosis. Objective: Our objective was to assess inhibitors of enzymes involved in laminopathy. Methods: The mRNA expression of the cathepsins L and B, caspases 3 and 6, lamins b1 and b2, granzymes A and B, and lamins A and C were extracted and analyzed from GSE5281 and GSE28146 datasets. A total of 145 ligands were selected for molecular docking. Subsequently, 10 ns and 100 ns atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and Martini 3 were performed with NAMD for two selected ligands (PubChem id: 608841 and ChEMBL id: 550872). Results: The mRNA expression level highlighted caspase 6 and lamin A/C upregulation in the hippocampus of the AD samples, in contrast to cathepsin B, lamin b2, and caspase 3. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the expression level of cathepsin B, lamin A/C, and caspase 6 in the AD group. The MD results suggested molecule with ChEMBL id of 550872 had higher free binding energy, while in longer simulation the molecule with PubChem id of 608841 was suggested to be more stable in complex with the receptor. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lamins A/C, cathepsins B/L, caspase 6, and lamin B2 are associated with laminopathy as potential factors contributing to apoptosis in AD. We propose that simultaneous inhibition of caspases 6 and cathepsins L may decrease the rate of apoptosis triggered by lamin degradation. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these observations due to the lack of in vivo findings.

Topic: Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation and Estimation of Fatigue on Long-distance Driving

Traffic accidents caused by fatigue and/or overwork driving on driving for ling-time never ceased and we are attempting to evaluate and estimate fatigue. 3 participants drove on a highway course consisted of a slow lane and a passing lane for about an hour and were measured their R-R interval. Their fatigue level was analyzed based on LF/HF, which is calculated by Fast-Fourier-Transformed (FFT) R-R interval. From experiment and data analysis, 2 participants were seemed to get to be fatigue state judging from increasing of LF/HF.

Topic: Effects of Vibration on Health
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Clonal proliferation of less mature granulocytic precursors (CFU-dG) under the influence of neoplastic B lymphocytes in low grade non-hodgkin's lymphomas].

The effect of peripheral blood lymphoma B cells from low grade malignancy non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (Kiel classification: lymphocytic, centrocytic, centroblastic-centrocytic lymphomas) on clonal growth of normal marrow granulocytic precursors (CFU-dG) was studied. Using in vivo diffusion chamber culture method it was shown that all the tested lymphoma cells enhanced the CFU-dG growth by releasing humoral factor(s). The effect of stimulation was cell-concentration and cell-source dependent. The colony stimulating activity produced by centrocytic lymphoma cells had higher potency than that released by centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma cells, whereas lymphocytic lymphoma cells showed the lowest ability to generate the CFU-dG growth-promoting activity (p < 0.01). It was shown that the CFU-dG growth enhancing effect was independent of marrow-derived macrophages and T lymphocytes (p > 0.05). Normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes used as a control did not show any substantial effect on the granulocytic precursors proliferation.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Regularity of solutions to time-harmonic Maxwell's system with Hölder and various lower than Hölder continuous coefficients

The purpose of this paper is to establish a complete Schauder theory for the second-order linear elliptic equation and the time-harmonic Maxwell's system. We prove global Hölder regularity for the solutions to the time-harmonic anisotropic Maxwell's equations under Hölder continuous coefficients, raising the Hölder index to the interval (0,1)

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S4 from Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Acts as a Metabolic Gate for Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

&lt;p&gt;NAMPT controls the suppressive activity of M-MDSCs&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Multivariate Conditional Copula-GARCD-JSU Model and its Application

Generalized autoregressive conditional density model provides a useful tool for simulating the probability density function of financial asset return. It is essential for describing the dynamic character of financial asset return comprehensively. Copula function can be used to combine some marginal distributions together. Based on Copula function, multivariate conditional Copula-GARCD-JSU model, a new model, is proposed in the paper. Fortunately, the famous “dimension disaster” in multivariate GARCD model can be overcome by the new model. Furthermore, the estimation and test method for the model are discussed in detail. In empirical analysis, the new model can not only be applied to describe the dynamic character of individual market, but also to simulate the dynamic relation between them.

Topic: Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
PIV Measurement of Inlet and Outlet Flow of Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Cooling Fan

Contra-rotating rotors have been adopted for some of the cooling fans to meet the demand for the high pressure and large flow rate. Therefore, it is important to clarify its inlet and outlet flows by experiments for the high performance and stable operation. PIV measurements were conducted at the design and partial flow rates. In the present paper, the inlet and outlet flow conditions of the contra-rotating small-sized cooling fan with a 40mm square casing are studied by using PIV measurement. Furthermore, improvements of the flow condition and design guideline to increase the performance were discussed based on the experimental results.

Topic: Heat Transfer Mechanisms
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vismia pentagyna: Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) &amp; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nonlinear Optical Behavior Due to Charge Transfer within Selected Heterocyclic Anthracenyl Chalcones under Continuous Wave Laser Excitation

Three new heterocyclic-chalcone (HC) derivatives consisting of the π-conjugated system attached to anthracene moiety were proposed for nonlinear optical properties and optical limiting application. The NLO behavior is confirmed through obtained χ<sup>3</sup> by Z-scan method. The closed aperture z-scan showed the HC possesses a self-defocusing effect with a negative nonlinear refractive index, <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> ∼ 10<sup>−8 </sup>cm/W, with a magnitude of real part of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities, Re χ<sup>(</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>)</sup> of the order of 10<sup>−7 </sup>esu. Open Z-scan results showed that the HC samples demonstrate a reverse saturable absorption (RSA), β ∼ 10<sup>−4 </sup>cm/W, corresponding to large imaginary parts, Im χ<sup>(</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>)</sup> in the order of 10<sup>−6 </sup>esu. Overall, the Z-scan analysis unveils an excellent value of χ<sup>3</sup> in order of 10<sup>−6</sup> which indicates good nonlinear material under 532 nm continuous wave laser. The optical limiting study reveals that AC exhibit a strong limiting behavior with action beginning from 0.8 KW/cm<sup>2</sup>, and seems to be promising optical limiting candidates for future optoelectronic applications. Through B3LYP/6-311G++d,p level of theory Density Functional Theory (DFT), Global Reactivity, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), and Natural Population were calculated and investigated. Delocalization and hyperconjugation interactions, intramolecular charge transfers, and stabilization energies were discovered using NBO and NPA. The comprehensive studies of Hirshfeld surface (HS) and fingerprint plots (FP) calculations were done in order to evaluate the nature of intermolecular interactions in the compounds. The inclusion of a strong donor and the π-conjugated system improved charge transfer, chemical stability, and optoelectronic properties of the anthracene-heterocyclic chalcone derivatives. As a result, the present work realizes the potential of designed derivatives that can be used in NLO applications.

Topic: Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Perception Adolescents in Kinship Foster Care Have of their Own Needs

This article presents the most important findings concerning the socialeducational needs as expressed by adolescents in kinship foster care (KFC) in the study carried out I+D SEJ-026575 in Spain between 2005 and 2008. The data for the study was collected from discussion groups with adolescents in kinship foster care AFE (n=57) from different autonomous communities in Spain. In the needs assessment the data was collected in the following categories: characteristics of Foster care in kinship family; family history; foster family and foster child; biological family and foster child; self-awareness; healthy family life; free time; the future after fostering. In the results found the following needs stand out: emotional family stability; overcoming problems related to the generation gap with the Foster family, greater openness and clarity dealing with family history, establishing norms and limits, increasing the frequency and quality of parents visits, finding ways of aiding relationships between the foster family and the biological parents, providing support and resources to the foster family, affronting in an educational way subjects such as sexuality, drug addiction, pro-social activities and lastly preparation to face the future after foster care. Incorporating these elements in the support programme for adolescents in KFC can contribute in a positive way to the cognitive, emotional and behavioral development of these adolescents.

Topic: Child Welfare and Adoption
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
QDR 4500A DXA overestimates fat-free mass compared with criterion methods

This study evaluated the accuracy with which the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (Hologic QDR 4500A) measured fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and hydration of FFM. In a study of 58 men and women (ages 70–79 yr), the QDR 4500A was found to provide a systematically higher estimate of FFM and lower estimate of FM than a four-component model of body composition. A correction factor from this study was developed and applied to two other samples ( n = 13 and 37). We found mean corrected levels of FFM and FM to be equivalent to that obtained by the four-component model or total body water. In addition, the hydration of the corrected FFM was closer to the established hydration level in adult samples and that obtained from the four-component model. These findings suggest that the current calibration of the fan-beam system of the Hologic QDR 4500A provides an overestimate of FFM and underestimate of FM compared with reference methods.

Topic: Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transitional velocity and shear distributions in a runup wave

Fundamental features of transitional distributions of velocity and shear in a run-up wave have been experimentally identified in this paper. In the run-up front, vertically uniform shore-ward velocity is predominant, while typical free-surface shearing flow with a bottom boundary layer is formed behind the front. Depending on local surface gradients and fluid acceleration, reverse streaming occurs within the boundary layer despite the shore-ward flow still dominates above the layer. In the later stage, another shear layer has also been formed beneath the surface.

Topic: Coastal and Marine Dynamics
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Binding of host collectins to the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans: human surfactant protein D acts as an agglutinin for acapsular yeast cells

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients causing disseminated disease and lethal meningitis after inhalation of acapsular or sparsely encapsulated yeast cells. In this study we have investigated whether a recently described family of primitive opsonins, termed collectins, contribute to innate resistance against C. neoformans. The pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D as well as the serum collectins mannose-binding protein and CL-43 bound in a calcium-dependent manner to acapsular C. neoformans in vitro. Binding was concentration dependent and abolished by competition with defined mono- and oligosaccharides. In contrast, no binding of the collectins was observed with the encapsulated form of the yeast. Furthermore, binding of purified collectin SP-D, but not SP-A, mannose-binding protein, or CL-43, led to a concentration-dependent agglutination of acapsular C. neoformans. These data indicate that collectins recognize carbohydrate structures in the cell wall of an initial infectious form of C. neoformans and may play a role in early antifungal defenses in the lung.

Topic: Fungal Infections and Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of breath holding at the initial stage of teaching children with mental disorders swimming

Swimming is a vital skill, teaching which starts from the ability to hold breath during diving.The ability to hold breath demonstrates reserve capacities of an organism: the less the time of breath holding is, the worse is a person's health state.That is why for children, who have mental disorders, breath holding is a difficult task.Most children, who have health disorders, just can't hold their breath that is why it is a real problem to teach them swimming.Materials.The article is dedicated to the question of teaching children with mental disorders breath holding, as the main component of teaching swimming at the initial stage.Methods.Scientific literature analysis and summarizing, experiment, Stange's test, methods of mathematical statistics.Results.Trainers use exercise on land and in water, in order to teach breath holding.The presented results concern breath holding among children with mental disorders at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.They prove the necessity to realize a directed breath holding skill formation at the initial stage of teaching swimming.Conclusion.In order to teach children with mental disorders swimming it is necessary to use special exercises, directed toward the skill of breath holding formation under water and on land.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878)

While still in his teens, poems such as "Thanatopsis" and "To a Waterfowl" gained Bryant a reputation as one of America's most promising poets. Much of Bryant's poetry reflects his love of the outdoors and his belief that nature is the visible manifestation of God. In 1825 he became coeditor of the New York Evening Post, and a few years later he became the editor-in-chief, a position he would hold for nearly fifty years. From the mid to late 1800s, Bryant's love of nature was manifested in numerous articles and editorials supporting the creation of parks and forest preserves throughout the United States. As can be seen from this article, Bryant was also one of the first to recognize the importance of Marsh's Man and Nature and to incorporate Marsh's rationales for forest preservation into his own arguments in favor of creating forest preserves.KeywordsPublic LandFall LeaveVisible ManifestationBlack StoneAncient WriterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
An Efficient Parallel Finite-Element-Based Domain Decomposition Iterative Technique With Polynomial Preconditioning

An efficient parallel finite element-based non-overlapping domain decomposition iterative technique formulated with polynomial preconditioned GMRES method is presented. Unlike the standard row-oriented partitioning of a matrix, the finite element based domain decomposition solver with polynomial preconditioning circumvents the assembly of matrix, reordering of matrix, redundant computations associated with the interface elements, numerical problems associated with local pre-conditioner, and costly global preconditioner construction. A dramatic reduction in parallel overhead both in terms of computation and communication results in a highly scalable solver. The parallel performance results for large-scale static and dynamic problems on the IBM SP2 and the SGI Origin are presented.

Topic: Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the application of the photoacoustic methods for the determination of thermo-optical properties of polymers

In this paper, the application of photoacoustic methods to study thermo-optical and spectroscopic properties of polymers is described. The Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, the Two-Beam Phase-Lag and also the so-called Open Photoacoustic Cell methods will be presented. The theoretical basis for quantitative measurements is discussed together with the advantages and limitations of the methods as compared with conventional measurements. Applications for spectroscopic and depth profile analysis and also for thermal properties measurements in several polymers samples are discussed.

Topic: Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The challenge of sustainable Local Economic Development : is there a missing ingredient?

South Africa is a resource rich country with tremendous development potential. Its capacity to successfully host the World Cup attests to this. However, South Africa can do much better. The role of effective leadership, institutions and entrepreneurship are critical. Implementing a local development strategy, however, faces the constraints of good governance in the social, political and economic aspects of our lives. We find there is no 'one size fits all' development policy or strategy. Economic development is a complex interplay of the various stakeholders' views of local economic development. Mindful of the mistakes of other nations, we maintain it is in the market place of creative ideas that better ways forward for South Africa, and Africa, are to be found.

Topic: Local Economic Development and Planning
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences