jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emerging Challenges Faced by Information Professionals in Achieving Kenya’s Vision 2030

The unveiling of Kenya’s Vision 2030 marked an important milestone in Kenya’s development but the implementation and its success depends on all the stakeholders’ efforts. Vision 2030 recognizes the role of science, technology and innovation in the modern economy in which new knowledge plays a central role in boosting wealth creation, social welfare and international competitiveness. Since information is a key factor in production, its dissemination and storage should be handled by a well trained workforce. Librarians and other information professionals are therefore indispensable in the delivery of Vision 2030. As Kenya strives to achieve the goals of Vision 2030 information professionals are faced with a great challenge of changing technology, infrastructure, limited funding and few qualified information professionals. It should be noted that a well trained body of people tends to imbue each other with confidence which they need to tackle the jobs demanded of them. It is through this that information patrons and the information materials interact as a result of the quality service given by the information staff. In addressing the challenges faced by information professions, this paper attempts to bring out the role of various training programmes vis a vis the market demand, information bodies/associations and their role, current paradigm shift in the field of information, changing technology, and the impact of limited funding on information management, among others. The paper concludes by elaborating on various critical issues that ought to be addressed if information professionals are to be relevant in the realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030. Recommendations and conclusion are also highlighted.

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Legislation Introduced to Spur Ebola Treatments and Vaccines

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Attitudes of Nurse Students Toward Their Discipline and Future Career in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The increasing growth&nbsp; of graduates of medical sciences as a major concern in the society leads to students' anxiety and disappointment about&nbsp; their discipline and future career.This study was performed with the aim of determining&nbsp; Nurse students' attitude toward their discipline and future career carried out in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in October, 2017. The study&nbsp;population consisted&nbsp;of nurse students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was counted 250. The data collection tool was a 20-question questionnaire from the University of Minnesota, USA. Data was analyzed by SPSS24 software using one-sample T-test, one-way ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Results: Mean and standard deviation of students' attitude toward their Discipline and&nbsp; future career were 12.64 &plusmn; 2.74 and 17.84 &plusmn; 2.63 respectively, the attained mean score is lower than expected.&nbsp;the&nbsp;study&nbsp;showed that&nbsp;there&nbsp;were&nbsp;significant differences between&nbsp;gender and attitude of discipline.(P=.03). Conclusion: Planning by the Ministry of Health to remove existing barriers seems essential,&nbsp; Cultural infrastructure is effective in Tendency men to nursin Citation: Marzban A, Marzban H. Attitudes of Nurse Students Toward Their Discipline and Future Career in Hormozgan University of Medical. Journal of Development Strategies in Medical Education 2018; 5(2): 14-24.

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Developing integrated clinical reasoning competencies in dental students using scaffolded case‐based learning – empirical evidence

Abstract Introduction This study provides empirical evidence of the development of integrated clinical reasoning in the discipline‐based School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Students were exposed to case‐based learning in comprehensive patient care (CPC) in the preclinical year of study, scaffolded by means of the four‐component instructional design model for complex learning. Methods Progress test scores of third‐ to fifth‐year dental students, who received case‐based teaching and learning in the third year (2009–2011), were compared to the scores of preceding fourth‐ and fifth‐year cohorts. These fourth‐ and fifth‐year cohorts received content‐based teaching concurrently with their clinical training in CPC . The progress test consisted of a complex case study and 32 MCQ s on tracer conditions. Students had to gather the necessary information and had to make diagnostic and treatment‐planning decisions. Results Preclinical students who participated in the case‐based teaching and learning achieved similar scores compared to final‐year students who received lecture‐based teaching and learning. Final‐year students who participated in the case‐based learning made three more correct clinical decisions per student, compared to those who received content‐based teaching. Students struggled more with treatment‐planning than with diagnostic decisions. Conclusion The scaffolded case‐based learning appears to contribute to accurate clinical decisions when compared to lecture‐based teaching. It is suggested that the development of integrated reasoning competencies starts as early as possible in a dental curriculum, perhaps even in the preclinical year of study. Treatment‐planning should receive particular attention.

Topic: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Toward high-fidelity quantum information processing and quantum simulation with spin qubits and phonons

We analyze the implementation of high-fidelity, phonon-mediated gate operations and quantum simulation schemes for spin qubits associated with silicon vacancy centers in diamond. Specifically, we show how the application of continuous dynamical decoupling techniques can substantially boost the coherence of the qubit states while increasing at the same time the variety of effective spin models that can be implemented in this way. Based on realistic models and detailed numerical simulations, we demonstrate that this decoupling technique can suppress gate errors by more than two orders of magnitude and enable gate infidelities below $\sim 10^{-4}$ for experimentally relevant noise parameters. Therefore, when generalized to phononic lattices with arrays of implanted defect centers, this approach offers a realistic path toward moderate- and large-scale quantum devices with spins and phonons, at a level of control that is competitive with other leading quantum-technology platforms.

Topic: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in neural responsivity to highly palatable foods following roux‐en‐<scp>Y</scp> gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or weight stability: An f<scp>MRI</scp> study

Objective This prospective, observational fMRI study examined changes over time in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to high‐ and low‐calorie foods (HCF and LCF) in bariatric surgery candidates and weight‐stable controls. Methods Twenty‐two Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) participants, 18 vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) participants, and 19 weight‐stable controls with severe obesity underwent fMRI before and 6 months after surgery/baseline. BOLD signal change in response to images of HCF vs. LCF was examined in a priori regions of interest. Results RYGB and VSG participants lost 23.6% and 21.1% of initial weight, respectively, at 6 months, and controls gained 1.0%. Liking ratings for HCF decreased significantly in the RYGB and VSG groups but remained stable in the control group. BOLD response in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to HCF (vs. LCF) declined significantly more at 6 months in RYGB compared to control participants but not in VSG participants. Changes in fasting ghrelin correlated positively with changes in VTA BOLD signal in both RYGB and VSG but not in control participants. Conclusions Results implicate the VTA as a critical site for modulating postsurgical changes in liking of highly palatable foods and suggest ghrelin as a potential substrate requiring further investigation.

Topic: Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A revised version of PRAL-the projected range algorithm

PRAL, a projected range algorithm is widely used to predict the first few moments of the spatial distribution of ions implanted into amorphous targets of infinite extent. It is shown here that PRAL contains mathematical defects. These are corrected in the new Kent range algorithm (KRAL) which is shown to be compatible with LSS theory. KRAL and PRAL predict the same range but the new algorithm is superior in its predictions of lateral and longitudinal standard deviations when compared with moments derived from the Monte Carlo code TRIM using the same differential nuclear scattering cross sections and electronic energy loss mechanisms.

Topic: Geophysical Methods and Applications
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
TNF superfamily modulation in stricturing and penetrating Crohn's Disease.

Monoclonal antibodies that target soluble and membrane bound TNF alpha are gold standard therapies in the inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's Disease. TNF alpha belongs to a large family of immunoactive ligands and receptors known as the TNF superfamily. We previously identified the TNF superfamily ligand LIGHT (TNFSF14) as a stage-specific component or switch in the muramyl dipeptide gene expression program in human monocytes and macrophage, and described the receptor for LIGHT, TNFRSF14, as a defining transcriptional feature of the B3 (penetrating or fistulizing) phenotype in humans with CD. We studied here the B2 and B3 ileal fibroblasts transcriptome to identify in an unbiased fashion TNF superfamily genes whose expression identified the B2 and B3 phenotypes. We report the identification of TNF superfamily ligands TNFSF15 and TNFSF4 as genes whose expression defines the stenotic B2 phenotype. In addition to TNFRSF14, expression of TNFRSF25 defined the penetrating (fistulizing) B3 phenotype.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Paediatric safety signals identified in VigiBase: Methods and results from Uppsala Monitoring Centre

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to uncover previously unrecognised risks of medicines in paediatric pharmacovigilance reports and thereby advance a safer use of medicines in paediatrics. Methods Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) with ages less than 18 years were retrieved from VigiBase, the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of ICSRs, in September 2014. The reports were grouped according to the following age spans: 0 to 27 days; 28 days to 23 months; 2 to 11 years; and 12 to 17 years. vigiRank, a data‐driven predictive model for emerging safety signals, was used to prioritise the list of drug events by age groups. The list was manually assessed, and potential signals were identified to undergo in‐depth assessment to determine whether a signal should be communicated. Results A total of 472 drug‐event pairs by paediatric age groups were the subject of an initial manual assessment. Twenty‐seven drug events from the two older age groups were classified as potential signals. An in‐depth assessment resulted in eight signals, of which one concerned harm in connection with off‐label use of dextromethorphan and another with accidental overdose of olanzapine by young children, and the remaining signals referred to potentially new causal associations for atomoxetine (two signals), temozolamide, deferasirox, levetiracetam, and desloratadine that could be relevant also for adults. Conclusions Clinically relevant signals were uncovered in VigiBase by using vigiRank applied to paediatric age groups. Further refinement of the methodology is needed to identify signals in reports with ages under 2 years and to capture signals specific to the paediatric population as a risk group.

Topic: Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
SERBEST DURAK DINLENME YÜZEYLERINDE KULLANILAN YATAKMALZEMELERININ İNEK KONFORU

In this study, it was aimed to determine the most preferred bedding material in terms of cow comfort on dairy cattle barn in Antalya. For this purpose, 5 different bedding materials were applied in a total of 50 stalls. One hard plastic (rubber mat), two different types of soft plastic (soft foam mat and curly mat) and tartan rubber mat were placed on free-stall floors with 4 different application types. Thus, different bedding materials were evaluated in terms of preference time in different seasons. Then, the most preferred bedding material was determined using the preference conditions of the different bedding materials placed on the stall floor via measurements and observations made 24 hours a day for 6 months. Besides, the cow's preferences time recorded with cameras placed in the barn, the most preferred bedding material was identified. In addition, the preference times and usage periods of 4 different bedding materials used in the free stall floor were compared with the concrete floor. According to the result of the records and observations, it was determined that the cows are spending their time in soft foam mat with 237.14 min/day, hard rubber mat with 226.05 min/day, and soft curly mat with 216.28 min/day.

Topic: Agricultural and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Composition and Sources of Sand in the Wahiba Sand Sea, Sultanate of Oman

Abstract The Wahiba Sand Sea in the Sultanate of Oman is composed of two physiographic units that can be roughly divided into northern and southern regions. The Northern Wahiba is predominantly a large megaridge system, whereas the Southern Wahiba mostly comprises linear dunes, sand sheets, and nabkha fields. Although the dunes of the two regions are of different ages, it has previously been hypothesized that their sands were derived primarily from the same source, namely coastal sands. However, mineralogical, geochemical, and grain–size data in this study suggest that the two regions have different sources. The Northern Wahiba sands have a high composition of mafic minerals and came primarily from local wadis that drain the adjacent Hajar Mountains. One of the prominent wadi sources is presently buried under sands of the Southern Wahiba, eliminating it as a current source of the Northern Wahiba. The Southern Wahiba sands have a more mineralogically mature, quartz–rich composition and are derived from separate sources, likely to be the Oman coast or adjacent sabkha plains. Previous researchers used carbonate sand, present throughout the sand sea, to infer that the coast was the major source of sands in the entire sand sea. However, geochemical evidence suggests that the carbonate grains in the sand sea originated from the two contrasting sources along with the other grains. Carbonate grains in the Northern Wahiba are derived from wadis that drain limestones in the Hajar Mountains whereas carbonate grains in the Southern Wahiba are probably reworked from underlying aeolianites and coastal sands. Keywords:: erggeochemistrymineralogysand provenancesand sea

Topic: Aeolian processes and effects
Subfield: Earth-Surface Processes
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Use of Two Amplatzer ® "Cribriform" Septal Occluders

Multi-Fenestrated Septal Occluder–“Cribriform” (AGA Medical Corporation; Plymouth, Minn) during 2 procedures to close multiple postinfarction ventricular septal defects in a severely ill patient. We show that, in selected patients who have multi-fenestrated multiple postinfarction ventricular septal defects, transcatheter implantation of the Amplatzer Cribri-form Occluder can be a good therapeutic option.

Topic: Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Racial Categorization Struggle

Foundational social psychologists (e.g., Allport, 1954; Tajfel, 1969; Sherif, 1948) viewed categorization as an inevitability that eases the cognitive demands of encountering other people. However, there is limited evidence that perceivers struggle to categorize racially ambiguous targets (Molden &amp; Higgins, 2004; Halberstadt &amp; Winkielman, 2014)—i.e., persons that display features of multiple racial groups and/or whose features do not clearly signal any racial group—suggesting that racial ambiguity burdens, rather than eases, the demand of perceiving others. I explore the nature and extent of these burdens in the present research. I conduct 3 studies that test the downstream consequences of the struggle that monoracial White Americans experience when attempting to categorize racially ambiguous Black/White faces. Specifically, I first examine whether racially ambiguous (vs. unambiguous) faces (1) are difficult to categorize, (2) result in observers being uncertain of their category belonging, and (3) take more time to categorize (Study 1). I also test whether observers become consciously aware of this experience via self-reports of this challenging process (Study 1) and therefore attempt to resolve the categorization decision by asking specific questions about the target’s background (Study 2). Finally, I examine the consequences of this categorization struggle, for the extent to which observers experience negative affect and engage in racial stereotyping (Study 3). With this research, I challenge the dominant approach to examining racial categorization by recognizing a fact that is grossly understudied and under-acknowledged—namely, that race and racial categories are not static and that a growing, critical mass of people do not fit easily into the dominant racial categories commonly used in the United States. Broadly, this research will also add to understanding of social categorization processes by examining when social categorization and its downstream processes may burden rather than ease the demands of perceiving others. Implications for perceptions and experiences of Multiracial people, who often appear racially ambiguous, are discussed.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
EFFECT OF DATES AND RATES OF SOWING ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF NARBON VETCH UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

Field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1998–1999 and 1999–2000 at Houfa in northern Jordan, to study the effect of the date and rate of sowing on the yield and yield components of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.). Progressive delays in sowing beyond 1 st January led to yield reductions of 11.1 and 17.9 at successive 15-day intervals. Plant height, pods stem –1, stems m –2 and 1000-grain weight followed the same trend as the yield. Grain yield was not significantly affected by the sowing rate.

Topic: Agricultural pest management studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sex effects on clinical features in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers in Parkinson's disease

Abstract Background Differences between male and female have been studied for PD but limited data was focused on the comparison between sexes with LRRK2 G2385 variant. Objective This study was to explore sex effects in the same genetic subtype and role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) G2385R variants in the same sex. Methods 613 PD Patients were recruitment from Movement Disorders Clinic in Ruijin Hospital. Clinical data including demographic information, disease history, scales of motor and non-motor symptoms, midbrain transcranial sonography and DNA was collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible association between the clinical features and sex in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers, and to evaluate the possible association between the clinical features and LRRK2 G2385R variants in male and female. Results Sex distribution is similar in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers. In male sex, LRRK2 G2385R carriers showed lower risk in cognitive impairment compared with non-carriers (OR = 0.301, p = 0.003, 95%CI 0.135–0.668). In female sex, LRRK2 G2385R carriers showed lower risk in autonomic dysfunction compared with non-carrier (OR = 0.401, p = 0.040, 95%CI 0.167–0.960). In LRRK2 G2385R non-carriers, female showed lower risk of impairment in activity of daily living (OR = 0.610, P = 0.021, 95%CI 0.400-0.928), excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 0.555, p = 0.007, 95%CI 0.361–0.853), substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (OR = 0.448, P = 0.019, 95%CI 0.228–0.878), autonomic dysfunction frequency (OR = 0.626, p = 0.016, 95%CI 0.428–0.917) and higher risk in mood disorders (OR = 1.691, p = 0.022, 95%CI (1.078–2.654) compared with male. In LRRK2 G2385R carriers, female showed a lower risk of autonomic dysfunction (OR = 0.294, p = 0.024, 95%CI 0.102–0.849) compared with male. Conclusion A more benign disease course was observed in female compared to male in both LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers. However, sex differences were less notable in PD with LRRK2 carriers.

Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences