jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient Decontamination of Lead Ions from Wastewater by Salecan Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels

Designing versatile adsorption materials with high efficiency, excellent reversibility, and economic production is vital for treating wastewater but remains challenging. Here, a new polysaccharide (salecan) based superabsorbent was developed by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate onto the salecan and used to remove lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Effects of salecan content, adsorbent amount, contact time, adsorbate concentration, and pH on the extent of Pb2+ adsorption were studied. The optimized absorbent (containing 9 mL of 2% salecan polysaccharide) exhibited an optimal adsorption performance in Pb2+ removal (172.8 mg/g). Noticeably, the adsorptive behavior of gel matched well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, our product presented no apparent loss in Pb2+ adsorption after 6 cycles. Overall, this work not only provided a new strategy to construct highly efficient and low-cost adsorbent but also demonstrated its potential application for heavy metal removal.

Topic: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CLVI.—The action of nitro-substituted aryl haloids on alkali thiosulphates and selenosulphates

D. F. Twiss, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 1672 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140501672

Topic: Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
The Urgent Need to Recognize and Reduce Risk of Suicide for Children in the Welfare System

* Abbreviations: CWS — : child welfare system ED — : emergency department Youth suicide is a global public health crisis. The National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention and the National Institute of Mental Health aim to reduce the suicide rate 20% by 2025.1 To reach this goal, it will be important to implement universal policies and programs and tailor suicide prevention strategies to ensure mental health professionals are meeting the needs of groups at highest risk. In this issue of Pediatrics , Ruch et al2 present data on an understudied, high-risk population of abused and neglected youth. This is the first study in which authors characterize youth in the child welfare system (CWS) who die by suicide and compare them with living CWS controls. These results have potential to inform proactive and integrated approaches to suicide prevention in the CWS, a boundaried setting that serves youth at 3.5-fold higher risk for suicide than the general youth population.3 There is minimal suicide research on youth served in the CWS, a “protected” population, hindering our ability to identify the unique needs and opportunities for suicide prevention in this population. The Ruch et al2 study was a retrospective matched case-control design that included 120 suicide … Address correspondence to Lisa M. Horowitz, PhD, MPH, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 CRC, Room 6-5362, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-1276. E-mail: horowitzl{at}mail.nih.gov

Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Who governs? Democracy, plutocracy, science and prophecy in policing

This article critically analyses two key debates about police and policing: the problematic definition of their role, and how they can be rendered democratically accountable. Both issues have been radically altered through the profound transformation of policing produced by the last three decades of neo-liberal hegemony. The article focuses on how this has developed in England and Wales, although there are parallels with other jurisdictions. The complex role of the police has been distilled down to criminal catching. Accountability has become accountancy, under the auspices of New Public Management. The current British Coalition government’s tendentious ‘austerity’ measures make these perennial problems especially acute. The Coalition purports to be democratizing police accountability through elected Police and Crime Commissioners. These claims are critically analysed in principle, but how they work out in practice is hard to prophesy. It is suggested they may play out in ways that frustrate their architects’ hopes, due to the continuing baleful consequences of neoliberalism.

Topic: Policing Practices and Perceptions
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Future of Simulation Exercises – Distributed/Federated Real-Time Simulations in the Context of Aviation

In the aviation context, Real-Time Simulations (RTS) are often used to support validation exercises since they are widely acknowledged as a way to support the validation processes of aircraft systems and Air Traffic Management (ATM) procedures. This scientific publication offers a detailed examination of distributed/ federated simulations, focusing specifically on human performance, cybersecurity and economic efficiency. The paper provides a review of previous studies, analyses existing standards and protocols that form today’s foundation for conducting distributed simulations, and discusses a variety of potential use cases to verify the feasibility of distributed/ federated simulations in the context of aviation.

Topic: Simulation Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effectiveness of suggestive techniques to improve sleep is enhanced by combining with sound stimulus based on binaural beats

Objective. To test the hypothesis of the difference between 3 means of sleep latency (SL) during falling asleep: accompanied by audio stimulus embedded with binaural beats (BB); after listening to suggestive body relaxation instructions; accompanied by audio stimulus embedded with BB after listening to suggestive body relaxation instructions (that is the combination of 1 and 2). Material and methods. For the purpose of the study, a special Android application was developed and installed on the subjects’ individual smartphones. The application assumed screen tapping test to control for fall-asleep process. The data of 63 subjects presented with the 3 types of sound stimuli mentioned above in a counterbalanced scheme were analyzed. Results. Statistical analysis confirmed the initial hypothesis about the dependence of LS on the type of sound stimulus (p&lt;0.05). Pairwise SL comparison showed reliable difference between stimuli (3) — 1149±113 s, and (1) — 1469±89 s (p&lt;0.01). SL for the stimulus (2) had an intermediate value of 1269±112 s (difference from (1) at a trend level). Conclusion. The use of background sound embedded with BBs enhances the effect of suggestive instructions to improve sleep. But it is the suggestion as a psychotherapeutic technique that is determinant.

Topic: Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Comparison between conventional and modern methods for extraction of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves

Background and objective: The first step in the process of drug obtaining from natural origin was standardized extraction procedure. The aim of the study was to compare extracts of Rosemarinusofficinalis obtained by different methods of extraction from mass and phytochemical points.
Methods: Comparison was done through measuring the mass of yield of Rosmarinusofficinalis extracts using different methods of extraction. Qualitative analysiswas done through preliminary phytochemical screening tests for the presence of secondary natural groups of extracts of rosemary plant obtained by different methods of extraction.  
Results: The highest yield mass (7.666%) was obtained from the microwave assisted extraction method belong to the modern methods of extraction group. In qualitative analysis, there was no difference in the presence of the secondary natural product groups with different methods of extraction belonging to the two classes conventional and modern. New group of natural products were detected in the ethanolic plant extract are condensed tannin and quinone.  
Conclusion: Microwave assisted extraction is considered as the most efficient method of extraction from quantitative measures. Qualitative analysis of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinusofficinalis shows presence of phytochemical compounds like condensed tannin, quinon, flavonoid, terpenoid and phenols.

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transition through design: enabling innovation via empowered ecosystems

The problems society faces today are increasingly complex and rooted in likewise complex socio-technical systems. Unfortunately, the structures meant to face these challenges are not suitably equipped. There is a mismatch between the need and the capacity to respond. Design methods and approaches are now being employed to help capacitate cities and communities and structure social innovations around larger transition visions. As social innovations are highly context-dependent, the distinctive characteristics of the local context become important to the success or failure of such initiatives. In the paper, the authors explore this topic through the study of two cases in which top-down visions, negotiated at the niche-level, gave way to the structuration of an empowered ecosystem of actors, serving as a platform for iterative, social change. The cases are analyzed through an ‘Onion model’ in which four contexts are explored: roles, functions, structures and norms.

Topic: Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
A Review on Impact of Covid-19 on Labor Migration: Ethical Lessons for Human Resource Management (HRM)

Purpose: The COVID-19 has caused severe issues concerning Human Resource Management (HRM, hereafter) and organizations worldwide. Organized sectors using the work from home culture equipped with various technological supports managed their organizations and protected their jobs. However, many people lost jobs in other professional units that could not cope with technical support, such as industrial and manufacturing units, which run through on-site human resources. Indeed, this has been an issue much relevant for the HRM strategists and policy-makers. However, this paper draws attention to a significant matter relating to HRM: the mass labour migration that occurred due to COVID19 across the globe. India's two most populated states, Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Bihar, have faced severe social and economic problems because of large-scale migration. States across the county have been ordered to evacuate the people who are migrants from the other states for the proper health management to combat the pandemic. Central and state governments supported different packages. International organizations like UNDP also worked with states to help such people. However, there are tough ethical lessons to learn from this pandemic experience. This paper reviews the HRM policies and programs of the Government and Private sectors by addressing these issues. It offers some essential ethical guidelines for HRM in the view of health emergencies like COVID-19.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Figure Legend from Tumor Apoptotic Bodies Inhibit CTL Responses and Antitumor Immunity via Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inducing CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-Cell Anergy and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tr1 Cell Responses

Supplementary Figure Legend from Tumor Apoptotic Bodies Inhibit CTL Responses and Antitumor Immunity via Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inducing CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-Cell Anergy and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tr1 Cell Responses

Topic: Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of humic acid liquid fertilizer on the yield and quality of lettuces

To study effect of humic acid liquid fertilizer(HALF)on the yield and quality of lettuces(Lactuca sativa),the treatment of chosing HALF as basal and topdressing fertilizers compared with the treatment of chosing compound fertilizer(CF)as basal fertilizer and urea as topdressing(control),through the random blocks field experiments design.The results indicated that compared with control and combining application of HALF and microelements as topdressing(T1),treatment of CF as basal fertilizer and HALF as topdressing(T1),the treatment of HALF as basal fertilizer and topdressing(T2),treatment of HALF as basal fertilizer had soluble sugar contents increasing by 20.8%,51.5% and 88.6%,and soluble protein contents by 13.9%,14.1%,38.7%,respectively.Under the same nutrient supplies,HALF increased soluble sugar and soluble protein contents,improved the quality of lettuces.Among all of the treatments,T3 was best.

Topic: Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District

Pharmacies are important sites for accessing medication use, promoting rational use of medicines and educating the community. The study aimed to investigate the retail market of drugs in pharmacies and drugstores in the Brazilian Federal District and to better understand about this scenario evaluated some aspects and used indicators. Information was extracted from the database of the Regional Pharmacy Board of the FD covering the period from 2000 to 2012. The numbers of drugstores and compounding pharmacies increased by 353.72% and 138%, respectively, during the period and most have opened than closed. The drugstore per capita ratio, which was 1/8,044 in 2000, is now 1/2,680 in 2010. Moreover, these facilities are now concentrated in areas with higher incomes and greater economic activity. In 2012, 32.5% of drugstores and 79% of compounding pharmacies were identified as belonging to pharmacists, and only the minority of the establishments was registered as a pharmacy chain. The main violations of pharmaceutical establishments detected by the Board were the absence or lack of a pharmacist and lack of legal registration. It was concluded that there was a great expansion of the pharmaceutical retail market in the Federal District of Brazil. Increasing in the number of establishment was higher than the population growth and the data suggest that the concentration of properties is related to the population purchasing power.

Topic: Public Health in Brazil
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of biomagnetic signal processing on source localization estimated by means of statistical source distributions

Signal preprocessing in biomagnetic data, prior to source localization, includes for example algorithms for noise suppression or separation of signals from different sources. Such algorithms usually do not achieve their purpose ideally, but leave a rest of distortion in the data, or even may introduce new distortions. Statistical source distributions are used in this simulation study as a tool to estimate the effect of a signal processing step on source localization accuracy. The method is described and the result of the application to a noise suppression algorithm is shown.

Topic: Blind Source Separation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Redescription of Barilius ornatus Sauvage (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with data from a population from the eastern part of the Isthmus of Kra, Thailand

Barilius ornatus, the first described species of Barilius from Southeast Asia, is redescribed with data from additional spec-imens from the eastern part of the Isthmus of Kra. The species is characterized by having 37–40 scales (rarely 36) alongthe lateral line, 6–7scale rows above the lateral line, 17–20 (rarely 16 or 21) predorsal scales, 12–14 circumpeduncularscales, anal-fin origin opposite from the 6th branched dorsal-fin ray to behind the last branched dorsal-fin ray, head depth17–21% SL, predorsal length not more than 58% SL, dark pigment on dorsal fin concentrated at the edge of the brancheddorsal-fin rays, generally short and thin rostral and maxillary barbels (if present), 1–2 small caudal spots or no caudal spot,and small dentary tubercles. With data from additional specimens B. ornatus can be clearly differentiated from Bariliusbarnoides Vinciguerra and Barilius infrafasciatus Fowler. The status of Barilius caudiocellatus Chu, and Barilius barila Hamilton are also discussed.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mo<sub>2</sub>c Nanoparticle-CNT Composite Electrode for Lithium-Oxygen Battery

The five times higher energy density compared to conventional Li-ion batteries and its environment friendly reaction system make Li–O 2 batteries a promising energy storage system. In spite of their great prospect, practical use of Li−O 2 batteries still suffer many challenges such as low energy efficiency, poor rate capability and a poor cycle life. These problems are mainly attributable to excessive accumulation of discharge products (Li 2 O 2 ), which induce poor reversibility and high polarization when they decompose during charging. 1,2 Consequently, the number of operating cycles for Li−O 2 batteries cannot yet match those of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, the energy efficiency (&lt; 80%) of the present Li−O 2 battery system is also too low. To improve the performance of Li−O 2 battery systems, a key factor is finding ways to enhance the catalytic activity of the cathode for formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , which is critical to decrease the polarization and increase the reversibility. 3,4 Herein, we introduce well dispersed molybdenum carbide nanoparticles onto carbon nanotubes (Mo 2 C/CNT) as a cathode material for Li−O 2 batteries. Mo 2 C could be a good catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in Li−O 2 batteries and the carbon nanotubes could help the Mo 2 C nanoparticles be an ORR catalyst due to its electrical conductivity. In this report, a Mo 2 C/carbon nanotube composite as a cathode is demonstrated to reduce high over potentials during charge and improve the cycling performance of Li−O 2 batteries. References (1) Lu, Y. C.; Shao-Horn, Y. Probing the Reaction Kinetics of the Charge Reactions of Nonaqueous Li–O 2 Batteries J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013 , 4, 93-99. (2) Xu, J. J.; Wang, Z. L.; Xu, D.; Zhang, L. L.; Zhang, X. B. Tailoring deposition and morphology of discharge products towards high-rate and long-life lithium-oxygen batteries Nat. Commun . 2013 , 4, 2438-2449. (3) Lu, J.; Lei, Y.; Lau, K. C.; Luo, X.; Du, P.; Wen, J.; Assary, R. S.; Das, U.; Miller, D. J.; Elam, J. W. et al. A nanostructured cathode architecture for low charge overpotential in lithium-oxygen batteries Nat. Commun. 2014 , 5, 2383-2391. (4) Li, F.; Tang, D. M.; Chen, Y.; Golderg, D.; Kitaura, H.; Zhang, T.; Yamada, A.; Zhou, H. Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O 2 Battery Nano Lett. 2013 , 13, 4702-4707.

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Maternal serum C - reactive protein and fibrinogen concentration in women with pre-eclampsia

Background: Despite many studies published in recent years concerning pathogenic mechanisms of pre-eclampsia, but this issue remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare C-reactive protein (CRP) level and fibrinogen concentration obtained from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia with those obtained from women with normal pregnancies. Methods: In a case-control study, 40 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia were studied. The maternal serum CRP and fibrinogen concentration of the 40 patients were compared with 55 pregnant women with non-preeclampsia as a control group. CRP was examined using quantitive nephlometry and fibrinogen concentration was measured by clotting system. An independent sample t-test was used for analysis. Results: Maternal serum CRP was higher in women pregnant with pre-eclampsia compared with those from pregnant women normal pregnancies (p= 0.01). The independent t-test did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the fibrinogen concentration between these pregnant women, either with or without pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that a novel increased CRP was identified among pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, making inflammatory marker as a promising new approach for the detection of pre-eclampsia.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Exploration of biomarkers associated with histone lactylation modification in spinal cord injury

<title>Abstract</title> Background The biological functions of histone lactylation (HLA) modification-related genes (HLMRGs) in spinal cord injury (SCI) are unknown. Therefore, we explored the expression and molecular mechanism of HLMRGs in SCI by bioinformatics means. Methods GSE151371, GSE47681, and 10 HLMRGs were incorporated in this study. Biomarkers were screened based on the receiver operating characteristic curves for the modeling of logistic regression and nomogram. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was executed to detect biomarkers’ functions. Samples were clustered based on biomarkers, identifying distinct groups. Differential expressed genes between these clusters were determined, and inter-cluster analyses of Hallmark pathways, HLA genes, and immune functions were conducted. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to select cluster-related module genes for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, pinpointing key proteins. miRNA-TF-biomarker and drug-biomarker networks were established. Biomarker expression was validated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results In GSE151371, 8 biomarkers (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, SIRT1, SIRT3, LDHA, LDHB, and GCN5 (KAT2A)) with AUC &gt; 0.7 were significantly different expressed between SCI and control samples. 8 biomarkers were different expressed in 2 clusters. By differential expression analysis of cluster 1 versus cluster 2, enriched in ‘phosphatidylinositol signaling system’ etc. Finally, a miRNA-TF-biomarker network comprising eight biomarkers were constructed. The expression validation of eight biomarkers by RT-qPCR, LDHA were high expression, while HDAC3 and SIRT3 were low expression in SCI. Conclusion In summary, 8 biomarkers playing an important role in SCI were identified, which provided in-depth references for HLMRGs in SCI.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences