jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4485: Anticancer properties of novel rhenium compounds against human cancer cell lines.

Abstract Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and related metallodrugs are extensively being used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Unfortunately these drugs are highly toxic and tumor becomes drug-resistance. These circumstances have led researchers to look for new cytotoxic agents that may exhibit less toxicity and devoid of drug resistance. It is believed that cisplatin and related drugs directly bind to genomic DNA through purine bases. Synthesis of new metallodrugs which does not follow the above mechanism of action might yield better drugs with less toxicity and devoid of drug resistance. Recently we have demonstrated that several anticancer rhenium compounds do not directly bind to DNA. We have synthesized numerous rhenium pentylcarbonato and acetylsalicylato complexes which include (CO)3(2,2’-Bipyridyl)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-1), (CO)3(1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-2), (CO)3(5-Methyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)Re ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-3), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-4), (CO)3(5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-5), (CO)3(4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-6), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)Re ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-7), (CO)3(2,2’-Bipyridyl)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-1), (CO)3(1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3, (ASP-2), (CO)3(5-Methyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-3), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-4), (CO)3(5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-5), (CO)3(4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-6), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-7). The anticancer properties of the compounds were evaluated using human prostate, alveolar lung, brain, colon, and leukemia cancer cell lines and normal bone marrow cell lines. The results of this study demonstrate that these complexes have significant anticancer properties. Therefore, these complexes can potentially find applications in the treatment of these cancers. Acknowledgment. The work at MSU was partially supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. G11HD038439) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Grant No. NRC-HQ-12-G-27-0086). The work at ECSU-UNC was partially supported by grant from the Department of Energy (TMCF/DOE grant). Citation Format: Hirendra N. Banerjee, Deidre Vaughan, Jewe Medley, Gwyn Hyman, Christopher Krauss, Carl Parson, Santosh Mandal, Pola Olczak, Michael Mbagu, Divine Kebulu, Saroj Pramanik, Fazlul Sarkar. Anticancer properties of novel rhenium compounds against human cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4485

Topic: Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, META-ANALYSES, AND META-REGRESSIONS

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD); it leads to health complications and infertility if not treated. Aim: To provide a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of CT in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods: This study followed Cochran and PRISMA guidelines. We conducted the search in PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases. We estimated the pooled-mean CT prevalence using random-effects meta-analyses. We conducted random-effects meta-regressions to identify sources of heterogeneity and possible predictors of high prevalence. Results: The pooled-mean urogenital CT prevalence was 8.2% (95% CI: 7.5-9.1) for general populations, 14.0% (95%CI: 12.7-15.4) for female sex workers, 10.8% (95% CI: 8.4-13.4) for men who have sex with men, male sex workers, and transgenders, 16.1% (95% CI: 12.6-19.8) for symptomatic women, 25.4 (95% CI: 18.6-38.5) for symptomatic men, 9.7% (95%CI: 6.1-14) for HIV-positive individuals and individuals in HIV-discordant couples, and 11.9% (95 CI: 8.5-15.8) for STI clinic attendees. Urogenital CT prevalence appears to decrease with age, to be higher in women compared to men, and to increase by 1% yearly. Anorectal CT appears to be higher in men compared to women but shows no temporal trend. Discussion: Urogenital CT prevalence among general populations is higher than that in other world regions. Conclusion: LAC is burdened by CT infection. Public health response in LAC region is required to effectively tackle CT infection.

Topic: Reproductive tract infections research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of Ratio of Length of 2nd Digit to 4th Digit (2D:4D) among Transgender Women (MtF) and Cisgender People in South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Transgender refers to an individual whose gender identity differs from the sex that was assigned at birth. Transgender women (MtF) were assigned male at birth but later recognised themselves as female. The length of the index finger (2D) in males is shorter than the length of the ring finger (4D), resulting in a low finger ratio due to higher androgen levels, whereas in females, the ratio is high due to low androgen levels. The index to ring finger length ratio in males and females is influenced by testosterone hormone levels during early foetal life, exhibiting sexual dimorphism. The 2D:4D ratio serves as one of the determinants for future generations to identify the transgender women population. Aim: To determine the 2D:4D ratio among transgender women and the cisgender population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Annapoorana Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2018 to October 2019. A total of 392 adult participants between 19 years and 60 years of age were selected. The samples of transwomen were collected with the help of the President of Salem Thirunangaigal Nala Sangam (STNS) and Koovagam Koothandavar Temple in Tamil Nadu. Cisgender samples were collected from volunteers in Salem, Tamil Nadu. The 2D and 4D digit lengths of both hands were measured using Digimizer software with the help of images obtained by a Canon 220 photo scanner. Another type of classification was done by naked eye analysis without any calculations, based on which the 2D:4D ratio among males, females and transgender women was categorised into types 1, 2 and 3. The paired t-test was used to compare the male, female and transwomen populations. Results: Out of 392 participants, 122 were cis females, 130 were cis males and 140 were transgender females. The p-value of the mean 2D:4D ratio was found to be significant in the right and left hands when comparing the 2D:4D ratio of males with females and transgender women with females. The p-value of the 2D:4D ratio for males with transgender women in the right and left hands was 0.451 and 0.943, respectively, which was statistically insignificant due to the high levels of androgen in these two groups. Conclusion: The present study helps scientists in the gender study field to advance their knowledge about transgender individuals, which can fill the gaps in available information and overcome existing lacunae in this field.

Topic: Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a cat with feline leukemia and feline infectious peritonitis viral infections.

A diarrheic young cat died after neurological involvement. Biochemistry pointed to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The final diagnosis was severe multifocal meningoencephalitis due to <i>Toxoplasma gondii.</i> The presence of the parasite in the brain was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Concomitant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and FIP were possible contributors to the clinical, fatal outcome.

Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Coming Into One's Own: The Novelistic Development of Javier Marías

ALEXIS GROHMANN, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi. 2002. 305 pp. This book is the first and still to-date the only full-length study in English of the novels of Javier Marias. That alone would ensure its...

Topic: Spanish Culture and Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Research on Introduction and Domestication of Wild Chimonobambusa utilis in Gardens Nursery

From 2004, the introduction and domestication experiment on wild Chimonobambusa utilis was carried out in garden nursery on Jinfo Mountain. The experimental results showed that the introduction of three-year-old female Chimonobambusa utilis was the best and late-autumn was the best introducing season. The longer Chimonobambusa utilis was planted under the simulating habitat area, the higher the survive rate was, and the better it developed.

Topic: Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Aortal Mucopolysaccharide Changes After Epinephrine Administration in Rabbits

Aortal MPS35 specific activities were compared in separate groups of rabbits injected with epinephrine and with physiological saline for 5 days prior to administration of radio sulfate. Significantly increased aortal MPS35 specific activities were found in the epinephrine treated animals although the well documented, epinephrine induced aortic lesions were not observed due to the abbreviated period of epinephrine administration. These data demonstrate that epinephrine induces an alteration of aortal MPS metabolism that is independent of gross pathosis. Therefore, the data support the hypothesis that epinephrine induces a defect in the biochemical architecture of the arterial wall which renders it susceptible to degenerative change.

Topic: Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria of binary systems of carbon dioxide and 1-butyne, compared to other binary CO2 + C4Hn systems in terms of global parameters

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria have been measured for binary systems carbon dioxide and 1-butyne at 303, 313, and 333 K. In advance, the accuracy of the experimental method was checked with the binary system carbon dioxide + n-butane in comparison to literature data. The measurements were performed using an analytical method with a recirculation view cell apparatus. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The interaction parameters kij of the binary systems of carbon dioxide and n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, and 1,3-butadiene were calculated and compared. The kij-values turned out to decrease with increasing degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbons. The binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with C4-hydrocarbons were located in a global phase diagram calculated for the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the first time here. The analysis of the global phase diagram shows that the unsaturation of the C4 molecules has a quantitative effect on the phase behaviour in contrast, for example, to the chain length effect.

Topic: Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Fluorine on Structure and Crystallization of Lithium Aluminosilicate Glasses

The fluorine was introduced to the lithium aluminosilicate glasses for decreasing viscosity and melting temperature for float process.The influence on the structure and crystallization of lithium aluminosilicate glasses with various fluorine dopants was investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy,XRD and high temperature viscosity test.The results showed that the addition of fluorine induced the average Si(Al)O4 ring structures shifted progressively to smaller rings and the degree of connection of Si(Al)O4 tetrahedron was decreased in the three-dimensional glass network.The viscosity of initial glasses was effectively decreased with fluorine dopants.When the addition of fluorine increased from 0.00mol to 0.28mol,the crystallinity of specimens was increased but the main phase was still β-spodumene.Moreover,the Raman spectra showed that the anatase precipitated as minor phase after heat-treated.

Topic: Glass properties and applications
Subfield: Ceramics and Composites
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Structural-functional relationships in diabetic nephropathy.

Renal biopsies in 45 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined by semiquantitative light microscopy and quantitative electron microscopic stereologic morphometry. In these 14 males and 31 females, aged 13-52 yr, who had had IDDM for 2.5-29 yr there was no strong relationship between either glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness or mesangial expansion and duration of IDDM. There was only a weak relationship between the thickness of the GBM and expansion of the mesangium. Thus, GBM thickening and mesangial expansion in IDDM occur at rates that often differ from one another and that vary greatly among patients. The clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, hypertension, and decreased glomerular filtration rate related poorly or not at all to GBM thickening. In contrast, all light and electron microscopic measures of mesangial expansion were strongly related to the clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, although in the absence of these clinical findings, it was not possible to predict the severity of any of the diabetic glomerular lesions. Mesangial expansion had strong inverse correlations with capillary filtering surface area density. It is hypothesized that mesangial expansion could lead to glomerular functional deterioration in IDDM by restricting the glomerular capillary vasculature and its filtering surface. However, capillary closure, glomerular sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis could also contribute to the clinical manifestations of this disorder.

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Asymptotic Behavior of Inter-Event Times in Planar Systems under Event-Triggered Control

This paper analyzes the asymptotic behavior of inter-event times in planar linear systems, under event-triggered control with a general class of scale-invariant event triggering rules. In this setting, the inter-event time is a function of the angle of the state at an event. This viewpoint allows us to analyze the inter-event times by studying the fixed points of the angle map, which represents the evolution of the angle of the state from one event to the next. We provide a sufficient condition for the convergence or non-convergence of inter-event times to a steady state value under a scale-invariant event-triggering rule. Following up on this, we further analyze the inter-event time behavior in the special case of threshold based event-triggering rule and we provide various conditions for convergence or non-convergence of inter-event times to a constant. We also analyze the asymptotic average inter-event time as a function of the angle of the initial state of the system. With the help of ergodic theory, we provide a sufficient condition for the asymptotic average inter-event time to be a constant for all non-zero initial states of the system. Then, we consider a special case where the angle map is an orientation-preserving homeomorphism. Using rotation theory, we comment on the asymptotic behavior of the inter-event times, including on whether the inter-event times converge to a periodic sequence. We illustrate the proposed results through numerical simulations.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor in FGFR3:TACC3 fusion positive glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common of adult primary brain tumors. It is a highly aggressive form of diffuse gliomas and with current treatments median life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma is approximately 14 months. Resent research of genetic and molecular changes in glioblastoma has provided new insight on disease initiation and progression. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene fusion with transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (FGFR3:TACC3) was found in subset of glioblastomas and has been shown to increase proliferation and anchorage independent growth of tumor cells. It is known to be mutually exclusive with other growth factor receptor alterations so it seems to be providing alternative pathway for tumor formation. However, FGFR3:TACC3 is usually not one of the initiating alterations in glioblastoma. Inhibition of FGFR in fusion positive tumors has shown promising results in vitro and in preclinical studies. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe aim of this study was compare cellular mechanisms between SNB19 glioblastoma cells that had been stably transfected with FGFR3:TACC3 fusion vector, FGFR3 vector or empty plasmid vector. Proliferation, migration, colony formation and survival of these overexpressed cell lines were compared. Effect of pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor JNJ-42165279 to same cellular mechanisms in these different overexpression cell lines was also assessed. Furthermore, downstream effects of FGFR3:TACC3 and FGFR3 expressing cells to inhibition and stimulation with fibroblast growth factor was analyzed at protein level. &#13;\n&#13;\nIn these experiments, FGFR3:TACC3 overexpressed cells showed increased proliferation and FGFR3 overexpressed cells decreased proliferation compared to the control cells. FGFR3 expressing cells had also lowered colony forming capability. Inhibition of FGFR in these overexpressing cells showed decrease of proliferation in fusion positive cells. Inhibition had no significant effects on other cellular mechanisms. Phosphorylation of FGFR was decreased by inhibition in both FGFR3:TACC3 and FGFR3 overexpressed cell lines.

Topic: Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Right to Development and State Responsibility: Can States be Held to Account?

The right to development is still largely viewed as aspirational and not as a ‘proper’ legal right. This chapter explores if and how a rights-based approach to development could ever be carried to its logical conclusion; by holding states accountable for violations of the right to development. In doing so, a distinction is made between the internal and external dimension of the right. The chapter demonstrates that finding state responsibility for breaches of the external dimension, which contains obligations of a state towards people outside of its jurisdiction and obligations to cooperate with other states, would require a great deal of adjustments to the present framework of applicable international rules. Finally, it explores what role the concepts of intergenerational equity and common but differentiated responsibility could play in supporting such adjustments.

Topic: Human Rights and Development
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evolution and Its Factors of Spatial Distribution of Inbound Tourism Size in China

Based on the prefecture-level data of inbound tourism population and relative economic statistics,this paper investigates the evolution and its factors of the spatial distribution disparity and its interior structure of inbound tourism size in China using Gini coefficient and principal component regression model in 1999-2008.The conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) On the whole,the spatial disparity remains large but becomes smaller and smaller in China and the Three Zones in the past 10 years,and the evolutions of interior structure for the different sizes are consistent with its whole trend.On the other hand,as the sizes increase,the imbalance of spatial distribution is smaller,while the dispersive trend is more significant.2) The change between the imbalance of spatial distribution and the dispersive trend remains samilar in different spatial levels.As a whole,the spatial disparity is largest in the Western Zone,and is smallest in the Middle Zone.While the dispersive trend is most significant in the Middle Zone,and is most inapparent in the West Zone.On the same time,the analysis on the provincial disparity and its evolution testify the above conclusions.Then the distribution type is presented based on the provincial disparity and its evolution.But the situation becomes slightly complicated.The spatial disparity is largest in the Eastern Zone when the size is above 10 000 person-time,and the dispersive trend is most significant in the Western Zone when the size is 200 000 person-time.3) The positive relation is existed between the spatial distribution change of inbound tourist size and tourism development condition improvement.In the transition period of the holistic development of local tourism industry and the structural change of tourist demand,the influences of the factors,such as economic development,industry structure optimizing,the degree of economic open,market development and infrastructure construction and so on,are more and more significant for reducing the spatial disparity of local inbound tourism size,indicating that the mechanism of tourism development has been drived by multi-factors.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Clinicopathologic and prognostic study of pediatric immature teratoma].

The expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 is a useful adjunct in histologic grading. On the other hand, p27 overexpression shows little correlation with tumor grade. The prognosis of immature teratoma in children is different from that in adults. Sacrococcygeal immature teratoma occurring in patients younger than 1 year old and with low histologic grade do not require postoperative chemotherapy if the tumor is completely excised. Similarly, for testicular immature teratoma occurring in patients below 1 year of age, regardless of tumor grading, need no adjunctive therapy. On the other hand, ovarian immature teratoma with high histologic grade requires postoperative chemotherapy, regardless of age of the patients. The presence of microscopic foci of yolk sac tumor is a useful predictor of recurrence in pediatric immature teratoma.

Topic: Testicular diseases and treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Understanding the Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Africa and the Middle East

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by intensely pruritic lesions. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is increasing in developing regions, including Africa and the Middle East. However, these regions are underrepresented in the dermatology literature, and a better understanding of the growing burden of atopic dermatitis in Africa and the Middle East is necessary. Herein, we summarize current knowledge on atopic dermatitis epidemiology, disease burden, and treatment options in Africa and the Middle East, highlighting the unmet needs of patients in these regions. With these needs in mind, we provide clinical recommendations for appropriate management of atopic dermatitis in Africa and the Middle East. Funding: Pfizer Inc. Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article.

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences