jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why Your Mind Is Like a Shark: Testing the Idea of Mutualism

We want to understand how children get so much better at certain cognitive abilities like reading, writing, and problem solving as they get older. To better understand this, we followed hundreds of children across a period of years, to see how abilities like problem solving and vocabulary changed over time. We found that having good vocabulary to start with made children’s problem solving develop more quickly. It also worked the other way around: being better at problem solving meant children were quicker to learn new words. In other words, each cognitive ability may help other abilities develop. This idea is called mutualism. We were very excited by this discovery, because it can help us understand how children get better at things they never practice directly, and how teachers can better help children who find certain school topics more challenging.

Topic: Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The Orchestral Song of the Period of the Fin de Siècle: Concerning the Question of Specificity of Genre and Terminology

Статья посвящена оркестровой песне периода in de siecle, в частности, австро-немецкого направления. Жанр орке- стровой песни до настоящего времени не получил одно- значного истолкования музыкознанием. Опираясь на иссле- дования представителей как современного музыкознания (H. Danuser, E. Kravitt, P. Revers, P. Grifiths, А. Митина), так и музыкальных критиков XIX – начала ХХ века (A. Reissmann, H. Kretzschmar, S. von Hausegger), автор рассматривает орке- стровую песню с двух позиций: жанровой самостоятельности и терминологической адекватности. Прослеживается процесс рождения, становления, затем угасания оркестровой песни и фактического её исчезновения. Наглядно он представлен в хронологической таблице. После 1890 года оркестровая пес- ня складывается в самостоятельный жанр, вобравший черты песенной традиции, а также жанров, находящихся вне песни. Имеются в виду ария, драматическая сцена, речитатив, а так- же симфония и её производные. Подчёркивается, что термин Orchestergesang наиболее точно отражает сложную и много- значную природу оркестровой песни периода in de siecle. Ключевые слова: музыка Австрии и Германии, оркестро- вая песня, Orchestergesang, Orchesterlied, Lied, in de siecle

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Green Chemically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles–Chitosan Coatings for Enhancing Strawberry Shelf-Life

To enhance the preservation of strawberries, a novel coating formulation was developed using chitosan (CH) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) supplemented with ginger and garlic extracts and combined with varying concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% Fe3O4 NPs. The results of XRD revealed an average crystalline size of 48.1 nm for Fe3O4 NPs. SEM images identified Fe3O4 NPs as bright spots on the surface of the fruit, while FTIR confirmed their presence by detecting specific functional groups. Additional SEM analysis revealed clear visibility of CH coatings on the strawberries. Both uncoated and coated strawberry samples were stored at room temperature (27 °C), and quality parameters were systematically assessed, including weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSSs), ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, total reducing sugars (TRSs), total phenolic compounds (TPCs), and infection rates. The obtained weight loss was 21.6% and 6% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH, whereas the obtained infection percentage was 19.65% and 13.68% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH. As strawberries are citric fruit, 3% IO with 1.5% CH contains 55.81 mg/100 g ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity for 1.5% CH coated was around 73.89%, whereas 3% IO with 1.5% CH showed 82.89%. The studies revealed that coated samples showed better results, whereas CH that incorporates Fe3O4 NP coatings appears very promising for extending the shelf life of strawberries, preserving their quality and nutritional value during storage and transportation.

Topic: Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ibrutinib presents antitumor activity in skin cancer and induces autophagy.

Ibrutinib has anti-tumor activity in skin cancer and can induce autophagy. Binding to autophagy inhibitors can promote ibrutinib's anti-skin cancer activity. Our experimental results provided new ideas for developing skin cancer drugs.

Topic: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chronic Kidney Disease—Effect of Oxidative Stress

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem with increasing incidence. The annual mortality of end-stage renal disease patients is about 9%, which is 10–20 fold higher than the general population, approximately 50% of these deaths are due to cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, are strongly associated with poor outcome. Many other nontraditional risk factors such as inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, anemia, and malnutrition are also present. In this review we will focus on the role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.

Topic: Advanced Glycation End Products research
Subfield: Clinical Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Spin‐transfer in High Magnetic Fields and Single Magnetic Layer Nanopillars

Abstract This chapter reviews studies of the physics of spin transfer in high magnetic fields in bilayer and single magnetic layer nanopillars. The focus is on phenomena associated with the action of spin currents on the background magnetization of thin nanometer‐scale ferromagnetic layers, known as nanomagnets . Spin currents are shown to lead to magnetic hysteresis in large fields perpendicular to the layers in bilayer nanopillars. This is consistent with the standard model of spin transfer within a macrospin approximation. Spin‐transfer‐induced excitations also occur in single magnetic layer nanopillars. This shows that the most elementary samples that exhibit spin transfer consist of just a single thin magnetic layer, not two magnetic layers. Physics beyond the macrospin and one‐dimensional transport models is necessary to understand such excitations. Nonuniform spin‐wave excitations are also seen in the traditional bilayer structures, which experiments reveal to have a rich phase diagram of current‐induced magnetic excitations.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Generation of a poloidal magnetic field in a noncollisional plasma by an elliptically polarized Gaussian laser beam

The generation of poloidal magnetic field in an inhomogeneous cold, collisionless plasma by an elliptically polarized Gaussian laser beam is discussed. A field in the range of megagauss is induced by the laser inhomogeneity effect even for a normal incident beam. This field scales as I 0 λ, where I 0 and λ are the intensity and wavelength of the laser beam, respectively, and is independent of the density profile structure. The small angular correction factor due to focal spot asymmetry scales as ∼ I 0 λ 3 and may be significant for a small-sized plasma with a steep density profile. The limitation of our model is discussed, with possible implications.

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Selective Ethylene Trimerization by Titanium Complexes Bearing Phenoxy-Imine Ligands: NMR and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of the Reaction Intermediates

The catalyst systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO (FI = phenoxyimine ligand with an additional aryl–O–CH₃ donor) display exceptionally high activity in selective ethylene trimerization. By means of NMR and EPR spectroscopy, the nature of the Ti species formed in the catalyst systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO, (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO, and (FI)TiCl₃/AlR₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻ (R = Me, Et, ⁱBu) has been studied. It was shown that outer-sphere ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIVMe₂]⁺[A]⁻ ([A]− = [MeMAO]⁻, [MeMMAO]⁻, [B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻) are formed at the initial stage of the reaction of (FI)TiCl₃ with MAO, MMAO, and AlMe₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻. These ion pairs further partially convert into TiIII and TiII species. In the systems (FI)TiCl₃/MAO and (FI)TiCl₃/AlMe₃/[Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F5)₄]⁻, complexes with the proposed structures (FI)TiIIIMe₂, (FI)TiIICl, and [(FI)TiII(S)]⁺[A]⁻ ([A]− = [MeMAO]⁻, [B(C₆F₅)4)]⁻, S = solvent, vacancy) were observed (concentrations of TiIII species was lower than those of the TiII congeners). In contrast, in the system (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO, the concentrations of TiIII species (ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIII(μ-H)(μ-Cl)AlⁱBu₂]⁺[MeMMAO]⁻) were higher than those of the TiII counterparts (ion pairs [(FI)TiII(S)]⁺[MeMMAO]⁻). The system (FI)TiCl₃/MMAO displays lower activity and selectivity in 1-hexene formation, in comparison to (FI)TiCl₃/MAO, due to undesirable PE generation. Probably, TiII and TiIV ion pairs are those participating in ethylene trimerization.

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Alterations in the Nuclear Architecture Produced by the Overexpression of Tau Protein in Neuroblastoma Cells

Abnormal intracellular aggregation of tau protein is a pathological condition leading to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Fibrillar and nonfibrillar aggregates of tau protein alter the normal functioning of neurons by disturbing important cellular processes and distinct membranous organelles. However, tau-caused alterations in the nuclear compartment are not totally established so far. In our study we evaluated whether tau protein and its Asp421-truncated variant produce alterations in the normal architecture of the nucleus when expressed in cultured neuroblastoma cells. After 48 hours of transfection, significant deformity of the nuclear compartment with extensive lobulations along the nuclear envelope was observed in SH-SY5Y cells expressing either full-length tau or Asp421-truncated tau. This aberrant formation did not involve either nuclear fragmentation or cell death. The lobulated nuclei were devoid of tau protein, which mostly remained in the cytoplasm in a nonfibrillar state. Degradation of nuclear Lamins was not observed in tau-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, and a cell-cycle analysis did not show aberrant chromosome accumulation. Thus multiple division defects leading to multinucleation were discarded. The lobulated nuclei in tau-expressing SH-SY5Y cells seem to more resemble the multilobular phenotype of the nuclear envelope seen in Lamin-mutated cells from those pathological conditions leading to premature aging. Nevertheless, in our tau-expressing cells, the abnormal formation of cortical and perinuclear rings of tubulin generated by tau binding may be a more feasible mechanism of a nuclear-cytoskeleton generating force that causes the nuclear deformation.

Topic: Nuclear Structure and Function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
HIV infection and stroke: current perspectives and future directions

HIV infection can result in stroke via several mechanisms, including opportunistic infection, vasculopathy, cardioembolism, and coagulopathy. However, the occurrence of stroke and HIV infection might often be coincidental. HIV-associated vasculopathy describes various cerebrovascular changes, including stenosis and aneurysm formation, vasculitis, and accelerated atherosclerosis, and might be caused directly or indirectly by HIV infection, although the mechanisms are controversial. HIV and associated infections contribute to chronic inflammation. Combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) are clearly beneficial, but can be atherogenic and could increase stroke risk. cART can prolong life, increasing the size of the ageing population at risk of stroke. Stroke management and prevention should include identification and treatment of the specific cause of stroke and stroke risk factors, and judicious adjustment of the cART regimen. Epidemiological, clinical, biological, and autopsy studies of risk, the pathogenesis of HIV-associated vasculopathy (particularly of arterial endothelial damage), the long-term effects of cART, and ideal stroke treatment in patients with HIV are needed, as are antiretrovirals that are without vascular risk.

Topic: HIV-related health complications and treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Estimasi Curah Hujan Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan Menggunakan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan

Rain is weather phenomenon caused by climate’s physical conditions of atmosphere variables such as temperature, air pressure, air density, humidity and wind of velocity. Many researches on rain have been undertaken in Indonesia. Many statistic models are resulted from those researches; nevertheless, in statistic models climate’s physical conditions are not considered as components which affect the rain occurrence. Besides, estimating the amount of rain that is to fall-whether it is increasing, decreasing, or static- with statistic models is still unsure. Physical and mathematical approaches of weather variables only are not enough to estimate rainfall. More interpretations are needed to apply. Therefore, this research implements a way to estimate daily rainfall using a method called Artificial Neural Network. As parameter of the inputs of JST program, then the data of daily temperature, air humidity and wind speed play important roles, while the output which is manifested in daily rainfall tested in data scale, a period of 5-9 years. The results obtained show that JST method enables us to estimate daily rainfall of Kota Banjarbaru.

Topic: Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A comparative analysis of cultural images of noodles in Korea and Japan for food tourism and food localization strategies

본 연구에서는 음식관광, 음식현지화 전략을 위한 기초자료로써, 이미지와 텍스트 기반의 빅데이터를 활용하여, 한일 ‘라면’과 ‘라멘’의 식문화 이미지를 대조분석하였다. 연구방법으로는, 우선, 구글에서 제공하는 이미지를 이용한 이미지보팅시스템을 활용하여, 한일 ‘라면’과 ‘라멘’의 차이를 면을 담는 용기, 국물 색깔, 토핑 재료 등에서 분석하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로, 한일 ‘라면’과 ‘라멘’의 식문화 이미지 가설을 설정하였다. 또, 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 구체적으로는 ‘라면’과 ‘라멘’이 한 문장에서 함께 쓰이는 동사와 명사의 특징을 분석하였다. 그 결과, ‘라면’은 ‘먹다, 끓이다, 때우다, 컵, 봉지’, ‘라멘’은 ‘먹다, 만들다, 들어가다, 된장, 가게, 인스턴트’ 등 과의 순위가 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 분석을 통해, 본 연구에서는 ‘라면’은 집에서 간단하게 끓여 먹지만, ‘라멘’은 집에서 먹는 이미지도 있지만, 가게에서 라멘 장인이 만들어주는 면 요리라는 이미지가 강하다고 말했다. 빅데이터를 활용한 본 연구의 분석결과는 한일 관광분야의 식문화에 관련된 기초자료로써, 음식관광, 음식현지화 전략뿐만 아니라, 다양한 한일 메뉴개발 등 관광상품 개발의 질적 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Topic: Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Limited Macular Translocation for Neovascular Maculopathy

Subfoveal choroidal neovascularization presents one of the most difficult challenges to vision. No treatment option has yet solved the problem of subretinal hemorrhage and fibrovascular scarring causing permanent photoreceptor degeneration and loss. Limited macular translocation provides a surgical approach to this challenge by moving the fovea onto an adjacent area of relatively normal subretinal space and pigment epithelium in a selected group of patients. The choroidal neovascularization, thus, becomes extrafoveal or juxtafoveal and can be treated with focal laser photocoagulation. This article describes the current technique of limited macular translocation and reviews early results. The procedure offers selected patients a chance to retain useful central vision. About 40% of patients at 6 months are able to read and drive (visual acuity >20/100). Complications including retinal detachment, hemorrhage, and macular folds have decreased with experience. Limited macular translocation is a promising approach to neovascular maculopathy, but needs ongoing careful evaluation.

Topic: Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Periodic-Review Modeling Approach for Guaranteed Service Supply Chains

We extend the guaranteed service, supply chain modeling framework to allow for an arbitrary, integer review period or ordering frequency at each stage. We define a notation for the cyclic inventory dynamics that review periods introduce and generalize inventory-balance equations to accommodate three different periodic-review operating policies—constant base stock, constant safety stock, and adaptive base stock. As a form of validation, we apply the model to the Celanese acetic acid supply chain and show that inventory metrics of the new model differ by more than 30 percent from those derived through the simpler modeling approach of aggregating a review period into lead time.

Topic: Supply Chain and Inventory Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Dataset for Validation of a Qualification Procedure Applied to the Verification of Partial Discharge Analysers Used for HVDC or HVAC Networks

Data set for the publication named: "Validation of a Qualification Procedure Applied to the Verification of Partial Discharge Analysers Used for HVDC or HVAC Networks"

Topic: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Distributed Time-varying Kalman Filter Design and Estimation over Wireless Sensor Networks Using OWA Sensor Fusion Technique

In this paper, a novel estimation procedure is proposed, which consists of designing a distributed class of time-varying Kalman filter based on wireless sensor networks topology along with a new sensor fusion method. The proposed technique is employed to estimate the states and outputs of a linear time-varying system with a high level of accuracy. Both the dynamics of the system and the measurements are assumed to be contaminated by external noises. The notion of Orness and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator technique are utilized to fuse the estimation of the sensors. O'Hagan method, along with the gradient descent method, is employed to find the optimal weights. In the introduced approach, OWA weights are learned for each observation such that they efficiently minimize the estimation error for that particular observation. This will result in an outstanding high accurate sensor fusion outcome. In addition, two optimistic and pessimistic exponential OWA operators are used and compared together to achieve a pre-specified level of Orness. The simulation results are shown on a given linear time-varying system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sensor fusion distributed filtering design method.

Topic: Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Problematika Penegakan Qanun Jinayat di Aceh

After the enactment of Qanun No. 6 Year 2014 on (Qanun Jinayat), several problems arose, both internal and external. After the enactment of Qanun No. 6 of 2014 on (Qanun Jinayat), several problems arose, both internal and external problems. Internal problems arise with a variety of problems, facilities and infrastructure are not yet complete, the emergence of polemics about the place of execution of flogging, socialization is still considered insufficient, uneven resolution of Qanun Jinayah enforcement problems in each district / city, the emergence of differences in interpretation in Jinayat cases resolved by Jinayat law and Qanun fostering customary law, between one gampong and another gampong differ in the type of customary sanctions on khalwat, varied in the type of sanctions and law enforcement. More specifically, the internal problems faced in the implementation of Qanun Jinayat in Aceh are from the law enforcement apparatus itself (Wilayatul Hisbah, Police, Attorney General's Office, and Syar`iyah Court) and traditional leaders who have different perceptions of Qanun Jinayat. This not only leads to variations in application, but also often obscures the legal certainty desired by a regulation. The author conducts this research using empirical juridical research method which is a legal research method that uses empirical facts taken directly from the object of research in this case including the Community, University, and Islamic Shari'at Office of Aceh Province either by conducting interviews or direct observation. and with conceptual and statutory approaches using normative juridical methods. The data source used is data obtained indirectly through literature study. The legal materials obtained are then analyzed using descriptive-qualitative analysis to obtain conclusions that can be scientifically accounted for.

Topic: Legal Studies and Policies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
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Topic: Marine animal studies overview
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cardiac Surgery Residents as “Skin-to-Skin” Operating Surgeons: How Early Is Too Early?

Bloom, Jordan P. MD, MPH; Moonsamy, Philicia MD; Leya, Greg MD, MBA; Pomerantsev, Eugene MD, PhD; Sundt, Thoralf M. MD, FACS; Tolis, George MD, FACS Author Information

Topic: Diversity and Career in Medicine
Subfield: Gender Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 626542: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Thalamic taste responses to changing stimulus concentration

In the rat brainstem, where responses are often vigorous to basic gustatory stimuli, the code for taste intensity appears to be a function of total neural activity. By contrast, thalamic neurons respond sluggishly to stimuli representing the four basic taste qualities, and total neural activity does not rise significantly with increasing stimulus concentration. Rather, most thalamic cells (61%) show sensitivity to concentration changes of one or more qualities, but a distinct minority are unaffected by intensity. Further, increases in stimulus concentration may affect the neurons which are sensitive either directly or inversely. Thus, only a subpopulation of thalamic neurons seems to signal stimulus intensity, doing so through both excitatory and inhibitory responses. The role of the thalamus in processing taste information is discussed.

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences