jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (mRDTs) on Patient-Important Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol

Background: Access to rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (mRDTs) has significantly increased in sub-Saharan Africa, but this region still bears the largest burden of Malaria. Assessing the impact of mRDTs on patient-important outcomes is essential in effectively guiding their future evaluation and programmatic scale-up.Objective: We aim to critically assess the study designs, outcome measures, methodological quality and implementation challenges of studies that evaluate the impact of mRDTs compared to other malaria diagnostic tests on patient-important outcomes among persons suspected of malaria in sub-Sahara Africa through a systematic review of the literature.Methods and Analysis: We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus and clinical trial registries from inception until June 2022. We will include a primary randomized or non-randomized study that compares the impact of mRDTs to clinical diagnosis, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient-important outcomes such as time to diagnosis/turn-around time, time to initiation of therapy, time to resolution of malaria-associated symptoms, morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. We will also include quantitative studies with an additional qualitative component (mixed methods studies) to assess the implementation challenges of mRDTs. We will assess the methodological quality of included studies using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools for experimental and observational studies. We will use the Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for mixed methods studies. We will analyse our results through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis and present our findings narratively, graphically and by quality ratings.Registration: This protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42018083816.Dissemination: We intend to publish the outcome of our review in a peer-reviewed journal and develop a valuable and accessible result summary.

Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Secrets of victory: the Office of Censorship and the American press and radio in World War II

During World War II, the civilian Office of Censorship supervised a huge and surprisingly successful programme of news management: the voluntary self-censorship of the American press. In January 1942, censorship codebooks were distributed to all American newspapers, magazines and radio stations with the request that journalists adhere to the guidelines within. Remarkably, over the course of the war no print journalist, and only one radio journalist ever deliberately violated the censorship code after being informed of its intent. Secrets of Victory examines the World War II censorship programme and analyzes the reasons for its success. Using archival sources, including the Office of Censorship's own records, Michael Sweeney traces the development of news media censorship from a pressing necessity after the attack on Pearl Harbour to the centralized yet efficient bureaucracy that persuaded thousands of journalists to censor themselves for the sake of national security. At the heart of this often dramatic story is the Office of Censorship's director Byron Price. A former reporter himself, Price relied on the cooperation rather than coercion of American journalists in his fight to safeguard the nation's secrets.

Topic: European history and politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Emerging Wireless Technologies Based on IoT in Healthcare Systems in Poland

Poland has all the resources needed to develop telemedicine, i.e., technology and private capital ready for investment, and has patients waiting for new solutions. The benefits of using telemedicine solutions are obvious: savings resulting from the possibility of reducing investment; outlays on infrastructure; better use of working time of medical staff, and increase in service quality through faster diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. In Poland, the growth rate of private spending on health care is 6% per year, which is almost two times higher than public spending. Among the positives are the reductions in service costs resulting, among others, from reducing their number and shortening queues due to increased resource efficiency. The aim of this chapter is to assess the use of innovative technologies based on IoT in the healthcare system in Poland. In Poland, over 80% of patients have Internet access and 60% declare that they own a smartphone. The teleconsultation services reach 110% growth per year, which means that the number of teleconsultations has doubled during the last 12 months and amounted to over 110,000 in all of Central and Eastern Europe. Advanced technology used in health care can be a solution to the lack of budget money.

Topic: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Violation of language decity in Nikita Mirzani's podcast and implications on indonesian language learning

This research examines language politeness violations that occur in Nikita Mirzani's podcast on her YouTube channel. This study uses a qualitative method that aims to describe violations of politeness in language. The data in this study are politeness in the conversation spoken by Nikita Mirzani. The data source used was in the form of speeches spoken by Nikita Mirzani with several guest stars who were invited to the Nikita Mirzani podcast. Data was collected using the observing and note-taking techniques, namely by listening to videos that were used as research data and then recording the findings of the violations that occurred. Based on the data found, it shows that in Nikita Mirzani's podcast there are language violations, namely the maxims of wisdom, generosity, appreciation, simplicity, agreement and sympathy. Apart from being carried out by Nikita Mirzani herself, violations of maxims were also found by sources or guest stars who were invited to Nikita Mirzani's podcast

Topic: EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Welfare Reform and Older Immigrants' Health Insurance Coverage

Objectives. I examined changes in older immigrants' health insurance coverage after welfare reform in the United States to determine whether the reform measures achieved their goal of saving money by reducing Medicaid participation without increasing the number of uninsured people. Methods. Data were obtained from older adults who participated in the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement from 1994 to 1996 and 2001 to 2005. I used logistic regression to estimate changes in the sample's Medicaid and health insurance coverage after welfare reform, paying special attention to noncitizens and recent immigrants. Results. Older immigrants' health insurance status was associated with their citizenship status and length of stay in the United States. Medicaid participation significantly decreased among noncitizens and recent immigrants but increased among naturalized citizens. Private health insurance and employer-sponsored insurance coverage significantly increased among recent immigrants but decreased among established immigrants and naturalized citizens. The probability of being uninsured did not significantly change among any group of immigrants. Conclusions. Given increases in postreform Medicaid participation among some immigrant groups, my findings suggest that the long-term cost-saving effectiveness of the current restrictive Medicaid eligibility policy is doubtful.

Topic: Healthcare Policy and Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
OMCVD growth of strained Al/sub x/Ga/sub y/In/sub 1-x-y/As for low threshold 1.3 mu m and 1.55 mu m quantum well lasers

It is shown that low threshold current density compressive and tensile strained lasers with AlGaInAs QWs (quantum wells) can be fabricated with easily controllable QW thicknesses in the range of 7-15 nm. It is also shown that it is possible to adjust the emission wavelength from 1.32 to 1.62 mu m while maintaining the QW thickness and strain. The presence of Al in the QWs does not degrade the laser performance, with a threshold current density as low as 96 A/cm/sup 2/ being obtained for compressively strained 1.32- mu m lasers. Tensile strained 1.36- mu m lasers with a threshold current density as low as 256 A/cm/sup 2/ were achieved for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The art of numbers

Science and art are generally seen as two different fields, although they have common points, they support and complement each other. Mathematics is accepted as a science, one in which notions and the connections between notions are defined and demonstrated with great precision. The notion of Number is usually associated with that of quantity, illustrating our overwhelming orientation towards measuring and inventorying the concrete. However, throughout history, the ideas related to the Number have also meant something else, the Number being a concept that, regardless of the cultural area and the time period to which we refer, has always been associated with philosophy and magic. The construction of the Egyptian pyramids was based on the so-called polygonal numbers, of which we have presented in this article the quadratic numbers, the pentagonal numbers, the hexagonal numbers, the heptagonal numbers, the octagonal numbers, the nonagonal numbers, respectively the decagonal numbers.

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
CO<i>J</i>= 2-1 Maps of Bipolar Outflows in Massive Star-forming Regions

Using the eight-beam array receiver of the NRAO 12 m telescope, we mapped the CO J = 2–1 emission toward 11 high-mass star-forming regions. In the sample, four are previously detected outflows in the CO J = 1–0 line, and seven are outflow candidates. A total of six bipolar outflows were identified in the CO J = 2–1 line. For the remaining five sources, including one previously detected bipolar outflow, the CO J = 2–1 emission shows multiple velocity components. Therefore, high-velocity line wings or bipolar structure cannot be identified. The CO J = 2–1 spectra of the four of the nonbipolar outflow sources exhibit broad-line emission due to the blending of weak velocity components. The complex CO spectra underscore the importance of large-scale mapping in identifying outflows. Compared with the outflows detected with the CO J = 1–0 line, the CO J = 2–1 outflows often have broader line wings and smaller spatial extents, indicating that the high-velocity gas measured with the CO J = 2–1 line arises from warm regions closer to the central source. The masses in the outflows range from a few to 60 M⊙. The linear momenta in the outflows are as large as a few hundred M⊙ km s-1. Both parameters are much larger than the typical values in low-mass outflows. The average dynamic timescale of the outflows is 2 × 104 yr. The driving sources of the bipolar outflows are also identified. All bipolar outflows detected have a near-infrared source, except for IRAS 23385+6053, and all are associated with centimeter or millimeter continuum emission, except for IRAS 22506+5549. We investigated the correlation between the outflow parameters and the properties of the driving source. The outflow luminosity and mechanical force correlate with the bolometric luminosity of the star. However, the mechanical force required to drive a CO outflow is more than an order of magnitude higher than the radiation pressure from the star. We reexamined the relation between the mass entrainment rate of the outflows and the bolometric luminosity of the central source with an up-to-date sample. Results show that the mass outflow rate increases with increasing bolometric luminosity, suggesting that the mass outflow rate is related to the luminosity of the central source.

Topic: Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Knowledge-guided Network Pruning for EEG-based Emotion Recognition

With the development of deep learning in EEG-related tasks, the complexity of learning models has gradually increased. These complex models often result in long inference times, high energy consumption, and an increased risk of overfitting. Therefore, model compression has become an important consideration. Although some EEG models have used lightweight techniques, such as separable convolution, no existing work has directly attempted to compress EEG models to reduce their complexity. In this paper, we integrate neuroscience knowledge into EEG model pruning recovery, and innovatively propose two loss functions in the learning process, the knowledge-guided region-wise loss that enforces the classification evidence consistent with the importance of the prefrontal lobe, and the knowledge-guided sample-wise loss that constrains the learning process by distinguishing the importance of different samples.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A Comparison of the Changes of Focal Narrators between Han Gang’s The Vegetarian and James Joyce’s Ulysses

모더니즘 이후, 서사이론은 서사의 내용 그 자체보다 서사기법, 즉, 누가, 어떤 관점과 어떤 시점에서, 그리고 어떤 방식으로 서술을 진행하는가의 문제에 초점을 맞춘다. 본 논문에서는 서술 기법에 지대한 관심을 드러내는 『채식주의자』와 『율리시스』를 비교분석해 보고자 한다. 흥미롭게도 한강의 『채식주의자』와 제임스 조이스의 『율리시스』는 공통적으로 세 명의 각기 다른 초점화자를 내세울 뿐만 아니라, 1인칭에서 3인칭(혹은 3인칭에서 1인칭)으로 서술 인칭을 변화시킨다. 먼저 『채식주의자』에서는 영혜의 남편과, 형부인 인혜 남편, 그리고 언니인 인혜가 각각 초점화자로 등장하여 각기 다른 관점에서 영혜와 그녀의 극단적 채식주의에 대해 서술을 진행한다. 한편으로 『율리시스』에서는 『채식주의자』와 마찬가지로 두 명의 남성인 스티븐과 블룸이 초점화자로 먼저 등장하고, 여성인 몰리 블룸이 최종 초점화자로서 등장하여 서술을 진행한다. 본 논문에서는 두 텍스트에서 공통적으로 활용된 초점화자의 변화 양상과 서술 인칭의 변화의 효과를 비교 분석하고자 한다.

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Managing Translation Exposure and Accounting for Financial Transactions

This chapter explains that translation or accounting exposure refers to the impact of changes in currency values on a firm's consolidated financial statements. Differences between translation methods arise when some accounts are translated at current exchange rates and other accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. This chapter describes the foreign currency translation method used in the United States, Financial Accounting Standard No. 52 (FAS #52) “Foreign Currency Translation” of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). This method is very similar to the translation accounting method recommended by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Reasons for and against hedging the firm's translation exposure to currency risk are then discussed. Hedge accounting for derivative transactions concludes the chapter.

Topic: Risk Management in Financial Firms
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1521473: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Trends in the production of Rabi pulses in the raigarh district of Chhattisgarh

The study was conducted on trends in the production of Rabi pulses in the Raigarh District of Chhattisgarh. The study mainly covers the major pulses grown in the Raigarh district during Rabi season namely Moong, Urd, and Lathyrus. Data for the present study was collected from the Chhattisgarh Revenue Department and the Agri portal of the Chhattisgarh website. The average Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of area, production, and productivity of Moong in Chhattisgarh are -3.27%, -1.30%, and 2.01, respectively. In the Raigarh district, the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of moon is -4.28%, 0.09%, and 4.33% respectively. The urd CAGR of area, production, and productivity in Chhattisgarh are -5.86%, -4.17%, and 1.82%, respectively, and in terms of Raigarh district, the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of urd is -2.69, -5.10%, and 10.96% respectively. The estimated further CAGR of area, production, and productivity of lathyrus in Chhattisgarh is -3.53%, -2.25%, and 1.01%, respectively, and the CAGR of area, production, and productivity of lathyrus is -8.29%, -8.12%, and 0.60%, respectively in Raigarh district.

Topic: Agricultural Economics and Practices
Subfield: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen ICRAFF 01062

Plant Genetic Resource.<br>Taxonomy: Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen<br>Common name(s): Bitter bush-mango<br>Conserved by: World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Kenya<br>Local sample unique identifier: ICRAFF 01062<br>Method of creation: Acquisition<br>Date: 2001<br>Other identifiers: n/a,BS/IW/08/T505<br>Historical: No<br>Biological status: Wild<br>MLS status: Included

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A multiobjective fuzzy mathematical model for a supply chain problem with the forward and reverse flows

Reverse logistics has been one of the complex and popular topics drawing attentions of the researchers and practitioners. Recovery of products has many advantages to companies in reducing costs and protecting the environment. In this study, one of the recovery options, namely reuse, is analysed. For this pursuit, a mathematical model is developed to plan production and distribution of the reusable products as well as the new products by considering the forward and reverse flows of the products. The model is a multi-echelon supply chain model composed of multiple customers, multiple distributors, multiple transshipment points, and a factory. Due to vagueness, ambiguity and lack of information in the reverse logistics, the problem is constructed and solved under the fuzzy environment. The model is implemented on a hypothetical supply chain network based on an industrial case, and the results of the model are compared with the results of the other methods.

Topic: Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors related to inter‐observer reproducibility of conventional Pap smear cytology: a multilevel analysis of smear and laboratory characteristics

Objective To identify factors that influence the inter‐observer reproducibility of the routine, conventional Pap smear cytology (Pap smear test) in a network of certificated laboratories in a middle‐income Latin American country. Methods Twenty‐six laboratories provided each an average of 26 negative for malignancy ( NILM ) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL ) Pap smears. An external panel reviewed the slides. The kappa index and multilevel logistic regression were used to estimate the reproducibility and odds ratios ( OR ) of a false result with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ), respectively. Results are presented for laboratories that collect (collector laboratories) and do not collect (non‐collector laboratories) samples. Results The agreements ranged widely (median kappa 0.51, range 0.16–0.70). The overall false‐positive ( FP ) and false‐negative ( FN ) rates were 31% (95% CI 27–35) and 11% (95% CI 7–17). Among collector laboratories ( N = 14), a bigger sample collection volume decreased the probability of a FP ( OR ‐adjusted 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.1) whereas the number of quality defects ( OR ‐adjusted 1.67, 95% CI 1.25–2.24), high workload ( OR ‐adjusted 5.52, 95% CI 3.85–7.92) and collection by cytotechnologists ( OR ‐adjusted 1.28, 95% CI 1.15–1.42) or health professionals ( OR ‐adjusted 2.26, 95% CI 2.04–2.49) instead of nursing assistants increased it. Among non‐collector laboratories ( N = 9), the FP rate increased with the number of quality defects ( OR ‐adjusted 1.86, 95% CI 1.06–3.26) but decreased if the samples were collected by health professionals instead of nursing assistants ( OR ‐adjusted 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.80). No significant associations were observed for FN . Conclusions Staff in charge of cervical sampling significantly determined the reproducibility of the Pap smear test, but this depended on whether the laboratory collects samples or read samples collected elsewhere.

Topic: Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
About lung surgery

Lung surgery is one of the youngest departments of surgical science. The basis for the development of methods of operative intervention in pulmonary diseases lies in the 1st possibility of preventing the danger of pneumothorax, which (danger) is currently so insignificant that some surgeons consider it even necessary to cause preliminary pneumothorax. On the other hand, the experimental data have shown the possibility of the loss of parts of the lung tissue and the conditions for the healing of its wounds.

Topic: Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as acute pancreatitis during pregnancy: clinical and radiologic manifestations.

Only seven cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy have been reported. In this article, we describe a case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting clinically as acute pancreatitis in a pregnant patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed a pancreatic mass with an inflammatory component and multiple hyperintense metastatic lesions in the liver. The patient was initially treated for biliary pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer was not suspected given her young age and absence of risk factors. A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in a pregnant patient requires a high index of suspicion, and pancreatitis can be a mode of presentation.

Topic: Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences