jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF SUBPIXEL PROCESSING OF HIGH RESOLUTION EDGE DURING CLEARANCE PHOTOSHOP REGISTRATION

The technique of subpixel processing of the position of the edge with increased resolution when the object is registered for lumen is proposed. Simulation modeling of the results of subpixel registration is carried out on the example of an ideal registration system. The limitations of the system operation in high and low light conditions are established, the conditions of stable operation of the system are formulated. The behavior of the system in the registration of translucent objects is studied, the value of the standard deviation σ sub is estimated for the results of modeling the ideal registration system on the 8-bit CCD-line. The estimated calculations of the standard deviation σsub for the 12-bit CCD-line are carried out.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Erysipelas in a free-range layer flock with conjunctival oedema as an unusual clinical sign.

Erysipelas was diagnosed in a free-range laying flock with a high mortality of up to 7% per day and a severe decrease in egg production to 45%. The disease had a short course and unusual clinical features for erysipelas, including swollen, lacrimating and encrusted eyes. Bacteriologically, trapped poultry red mites and affected animals were culture-positive for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Isolates from layers and mites were both serotype 1b. Histopathology revealed disseminated intravasal coagulopathy in conjunctival small vessels as the cause of the oedema of the eye adnexes. After treatment with penicillin, mortality and egg production returned to normal levels. Although erysipelas in laying hens is rarely reported, it can develop as an emerging disease in alternative rearing systems and should always be considered if mortality increases in an older flock, especially with a high infestation of poultry red mites.

Topic: Bird parasitology and diseases
Subfield: Parasitology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Figure 2 from Restoration of miR17/20a in Solid Tumor Cells Enhances the Natural Killer Cell Antitumor Activity by Targeting Mekk2

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 27K, Figure S2. Reduction of MHC class I expression on tumor cells elicited by miR-17/20a.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Morphology and Photocatalysis of Titanium Dioxide Aerogels

Pollution of our environment has become one of the most serious problems of this century. Titanium dioxide aerogels is composed of nanocrystallites of TiO2 close-packed in roughly spherical mesospheres, which are agglomerated to form a highly-porous sponge. Aerogel morphology produces porosities of around 80% and surface area that can be as large as 1000 m2/g. The aerogels efficiently adsorb organic materials from the environment and when illuminated with UV light, decompose or oxidize the organic pollutants, ultimately to safe by-products such as CO2 and H 2O.\nIn this work we modify the synthetic conditions to produce aerogels with different morphologies and measure the photocatalytic activity for photodecomposition of salicylic acid, as a function of size of the nanocrystallites. The results show that the quantum efficiency increases monotonically with the surface area and that the quantum efficiency per unit surface area increases linearly with the size of the nanocrystallites. These results are interpreted in terms of a "cracking model" of fixed size mesospheres and limited penetration of the salicylic acid into the mesospheres.\nWe use non-invasive, non-destructive techniques such as Raman scattering and EXAFS to follow the evolution of the TiO2 structure as it is generated in the sol-gel, as well as changes in the structure after the aerogel is made and modified by annealing. Both techniques reveal structural information in the liquid and solid phases and enable us to monitor the crystallinity in the gelation process in a way that might lead to an ability to control the synthetic process and achieve a desired morphology.

Topic: Aerogels and thermal insulation
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 250535: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electron Transport in Soft-Crystalline Thin Films of Perylene Diimide Substituted with Swallow-Tail Terminal Alkyl Chains

We have examined the structural and electron transport properties of a swallow-tailed <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(1-heptyloctyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (<b>PDI-C8,7</b>) in thin films. A comprehensive analysis of material with the use of X-ray scattering methods evidenced the appearance of a new soft-crystalline mesophase that was induced by thermal processing of the swallow-tail PDI derivative. By combining electrical measurements with grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we show that these morphological changes of thin films boost their charge transport in the organic field-effect transistor (OFET) configuration. The systematic device engineering of OFETs, including device architecture, thermal history, and preparation method of the active layer, resulted in a significant improvement in the electron field-effect mobility and the related performance parameters. In particular, the results demonstrate a strong improvement in the charge transport of <b>PDI-C8,7</b> films in their soft-crystalline phase, which originates from the <i>N</i>-substitution by swallow-tails. In addition, our study demonstrates that the melt-processing route, a solvent-free and vacuum-free method for the fabrication of organic thin films, represents an efficient strategy for the fabrication of high-performance air-stable <i>n</i>-type OFETs.

Topic: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Are science festivals a good place to discuss heated topics?

Public acceptance of vaccination and Genetically Modified (GM) food is low and opposition is stiff. During two science festivals in France, we discussed in small groups the scientific evidence and current consensus on the benefits of vaccination and GM food safety. Our interventions reinforced people's positive opinions on vaccination and produced a drastic positive shift of GM food opinions. Despite the controversial nature of the topics discussed, there were very few cases of backfire effects among the 175 participants who volunteered. These results should encourage scientists to engage more often with the public during science festivals, even on heated topics.

Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Breeding Range Extension of the Lark Sparrow Into West-Central Manitoba

In Manitoba the Lark Sparrow is known to breed in the southern por¬ tion of the province to about 50° N latitude.Breeding records have been reported for Oak Lake, Treesbank and Winnipeg13 and more recently for the Carberry-Shilo area (Table 1).From 1971 to 1984 Lark Sparrow sightings and nestings were record¬ ed north of their previously known breeding range, by the author and other naturalists at Birtle, Dauphin and in Riding Mountain National Park.The breeding records extend the formerly known breeding range of the species approximately 125 km north in the province (Fig. 1).

Topic: Avian ecology and behavior
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1475795: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evolution of the X-specific block embedded in the human Xq21.3/Yp11.1 homology region

The region Xq21.3/Yp11.1 represents the largest segment of homology between the sex chromosomes in humans, though no recombination occurs in male meiosis. It presumably arose as a transposition from the X to the Y chromosome; the present-day organization in the latter chromosome indicates a paracentric inversion that disrupted its continuity. Moreover, an X-specific block (defined by the marker DXS214) is embedded in the region. Previously, no hypotheses about the length, origin, or evolution of this X-specific segment have been proposed. Here we report on the refinement of the size and the sequence of the distal boundary of the X-specific block. Furthermore, we have tracked by FISH experiments the evolution of this region in primates. This further clarifies the multistep mechanism of origin for the XY homology region, by demonstrating that the X-specific block was deleted from the Y chromosome after the initial transfer from the X chromosome

Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Influence of Forced Transglottal Pressure Changes on Vocal Fundamental Frequency

Forced transglottal pressure changes (ΔPt) were produced in 10 subjects while they sustained vowels and uttered monosyllables. Pressure changes were applied sinusoidally at both the body surface (subglottally) and the airway opening (supraglottally) by loudspeakers driven at 4–6 Hz (the empirically determined resonant frequency of each subject). Vocal fundamental frequency (f0) was recorded with a throat microphone and analyzed from narrow-band spectrograms. Results showed values for (Δf0/ΔPt) to be dependent upon vocal frequency, intensity, and register, and to be independent of vowel, voice quality, utterance type (i.e., sustained vowels versus vowels in syllables), and mode of applying pressure. Except for falsetto phonations, (Δf0/ΔPt) values exceeded 5 Hz/cm H2O in only one subject and in the speech range of f0 they were typically 2–4 Hz/cm H2O. These findings fail to support earlier work (Lieberman et al., 1969) based on one of the subjects included here. We conclude that f0 changes characteristic of conversational speech can be accounted for only in part on the basis of changes in (Pt) and that significant control of f0 is vested in laryngeal adjustments.

Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Glucose Availability and Glycolytic Metabolism Dictate Glycosphingolipid Levels

Abstract Cancer therapeutics has seen an emergence and re‐emergence of two metabolic fields in recent years, those of bioactive sphingolipids and glycolytic metabolism. Anaerobic glycolysis and its implications in cancer have been at the forefront of cancer research for over 90 years. More recently, the role of sphingolipids in cancer cell metabolism has gained recognition, notably ceramide's essential role in programmed cell death and the role of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in chemotherapeutic resistance. Despite this knowledge, a direct link between these two fields has yet to be definitively drawn. Herein, we show that in a model of highly glycolytic cells, generation of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by GCS was elevated in response to increased glucose availability, while glucose deprivation diminished GSL levels. This effect was likely substrate dependent, independent of both GCS levels and activity. Conversely, leukemia cells with elevated GSLs showed a significant change in GCS activity, but no change in glucose uptake or GCS expression. In a leukemia cell line with elevated GlcCer, treatment with inhibitors of glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) significantly decreased GlcCer levels. When combined with pre‐clinical inhibitor ABT‐263, this effect was augmented and production of pro‐apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide increased. Taken together, we have shown that there exists a definitive link between glucose metabolism and GSL production, laying the groundwork for connecting two distinct yet essential metabolic fields in cancer research. Furthermore, we have proposed a novel combination therapeutic option targeting two metabolic vulnerabilities for the treatment of leukemia. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 67–80, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Diagnostic Criteria and Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in people over 65 years of age, to analyze instrumental and functional methods for studying skeletal muscle in the elderly. A case-control study of 230 participants 65 years of age and older, the average age of 74±6,5 years. Patients were divided into three age groups: 1st - 65-74 years old, 2nd - 75-84 years old, 3rd - 85 years and older. The calculation of muscle mass was carried out according to the index of appendicular muscle mass (AMM/m2) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with correction of patient growth. Muscle strength was measured with a «Jamar» hand dynamometer, muscle function was determined using a short set of physical activity tests (SPPB tests). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 30% in the presented sample and increased with increasing age of patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of the most common chronic diseases, with the exception of obesity, which was less common in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients (p<0,0001). The results of the study showed that in sarcopenic patients, the AMM index (p<0,001) and muscle strength (p<0,001) were lower than in non-sarcopenic patients. The overall score of SPPB tests was low in both groups, however, in sarcopenic patients it was significantly lower than in non-sarcopenic patients (p=0,035) due to balancing tests.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A kind of monotonic similarity measure of interval-valued fuzzy sets

A similarity measure is a measure that indicates the degree of similarity between two objects. This paper investigates the monotonicity properties of similarity measures of interval-valued fuzzy sets. Firstly, a new kind of similarity measure, named monotonic similarity measure is proposed and investigated through analyzing the geometrical relation between interval-valued fuzzy sets. Furthermore, its properties and relationship with entropy and inclusion measure are studied and discussed. And then, some mew monotonic similarity measures are constructed by means of the proposed relationship. Finally, the applications of the proposed monotonic similarity measures are presented. This research not only introduces a novel kind of similarity measure, but also provides some methods to construct similarity measures, entropies and inclusion measures.

Topic: Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Transportation Carbon Emission Information: The Effect of Format on Behavioural Intention

Climate change is a global problem and transportation contributes to it. In response, CO2 information on transport is being provided to the public to aid with informed decision-making. Including CO2 mass in choice experiments has found that it could influence choice, however, other research suggests that CO2 presented as mass is not fully understood and that the presentation of CO2 information affects interpretation. If presentation can affect understanding and interpretation, might it then affect choice? The problem with presentation is likely one of information content versus information context. CO2 mass is information content; without information context, it would be difficult to interpret the appropriateness of&#13;\nthe mass. Context can highlight some aspect of the information to influence choice. That context could relate the CO2 mass to a societal goal. It could aid with analytical decision-making, or it could influence through emotion. A presentation format that provides context to information content is here termed a contextualized format. This research examined how people’s behavioural intention responses varied by three different contextualized formats&#13;\nand the information content format of simply CO2 mass.

Topic: Environmental Education and Sustainability
Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Study of glucomannan extraction with hydrochloric acid catalyst and alcohol solvent based on porang tuber flour (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)

Abstract Amorphophallus oncophyllus or commonly known as porang is a group of Aracea tubers. Porang has a high economic value and prebiotic source of oligosaccharides because it contains glucomannan. Porang flour contains about 67.5% glucomannan. Glucomannan is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the food, beverage and cosmetics products industry and as an ingredient for supplements and food additives because of its high fibres content. In this study, glucomannan purification can be optimized by using chemicals with modified maceration techniques with a stirring and washing machine using ethanol and glucomannan analysis using phenol sulphuric acid test in order to determine the decrease in sugar in porang flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the highest glucomannan content from several parameters such as the concentration of hydrochloric acid catalyst, stirring time, temperature, and the ratio of samples to solvents. The optimum conditions for the extraction process were at 0.7 M hydrochloric acid catalyst concentration, stirring time for 1 hour, temperature at 70°C and the ratio of samples to solvents was 1:5. Therefore, the optimum glucomannan content obtained from extraction using hydrochloric acid catalyst reached 95.85%.

Topic: Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Reconstruction of scrotum with anteromedial thigh flap

Background: Reconstruction of extensive defects of the perineum and scrotal region, with exposure of the testes, following avulsion injury or severe infections represents a significant challenge. Replacement with sensate, durable cover is mandatory for functional, cosmetic, and psychological reasons. A wide range of flap techniques has been reported for this purpose with their advantages and disadvantages. We describe the use of the anteromedial thigh flap in our case series with the advantages and disadvantages. Materials and Methods: We had seven patients in our series, of which two patients were posttraumatic defects and other five were post-Fournier’s gangrene unilateral scrotal defects. We describe few case examples in the series in detail, of which the first patient was 21-year-old labor who presented with avulsion injury to penis and scrotum. He had a loss of scrotal skin near totally, except for 2cm × 2cm areas posteroinferiorly. In addition, he also had a loss of penile skin from the glans to the base of the penis. We used bilateral anteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap based on the longitudinal axiality of the anteromedial thigh suprafascial plexus for reconstruction. The patient had an excellent recovery, a good aesthetic result at the end of 1 year. Another posttraumatic defect was unilateral and the patient also had a good recovery.The other five patients in series were of Fournier’s gangrene. All patients underwent initially debridement and then flap cover on day 7. All of them needed unilateral scrotal reconstruction. The unilateral anteromedial flap was carried out with good recovery at the end of the 6 weeks. Results: This flap has provided nice durable cover for the testes with an acceptable aesthetic appearance, although the color match was not good in case 3 of the series. Conclusion: In conclusion, anteromedial fasciocutaneous thigh flap is a good choice for scrotal reconstruction that could provide a sensate, durable cover that fulfills patient satisfaction. It is technically easy and has favorable functional and aesthetic results.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Singing Alexandria: Music Between Practice and Textual Transmission

This volume investigates the transmission and ancient reception of ancient Greek texts with musical notation. It provides a reconstruction of the dynamics of reception orienting the re-use and re-shaping of musical and poetic tradition in the entertainment culture of the post-classical Greek world. The study makes full use of literary, papyrological and epigraphic evidence, and in particular includes a detailed philological analysis of surviving musical papyri and of their relationship to the editorial activity of Alexandrian scholarship. The study helps to relocate musical documents in the world of their production and reception.

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
REPORT Increased Activity of Coagulation Factor XII (Hageman Factor) Causes Hereditary Angioedema Type III

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized clinically by recurrent acute skin swelling, abdominal pain, and potentially life-threatening laryngeal edema. Three forms of HAE have been described. The classic forms, HAE types I and II, occur as a consequence of mutations in the C1-inhibitor gene. In contrast to HAE types I and II, HAE type III has been observed exclusively in women, where it appears to be correlated with conditions of high estrogen levels—for example, pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives. A recent report proposed two missense mutations (c.1032CrA and c.1032CrG) in F12, the gene encoding human coagulation factor XII (FXII, or Hageman factor) as a possible cause of HAE type III. Here, we report the occurrence of the c.1032CrA (p.Thr328Lys) mutation in an HAE type III–affected family of French origin. Investigation of the F12 gene in a large German family did not reveal a coding mutation. Haplotype analysis with use of microsatellite markers is compatible with locus heterogeneity in HAE type III. To shed more light on the pathogenic relevance of the HAE type III–associated p.Thr328Lys mutation, we compared FXII activity and plasma levels in patients carrying the mutation with that of healthy control individuals. Our data strongly suggest that p.Thr328Lys is a gain-of-function mutation that markedly increases FXII amidolytic activity but that does not alter FXII plasma levels. We conclude that enhanced FXII enzymatic plasma activity in female mutation carriers leads to enhanced kinin production, which results in angioedema. Transcription of F12 is positively regulated by estrogens, which may explain why only women are affected with HAE type III. The results of our study represent an important step toward an understanding of the

Topic: Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences