jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reversibly Reconfigurable Colloidal Plasmonic Nanomaterials

With their unique ability to concentrate and scatter light, plasmonic nanomaterials have been the focus of tremendous synthesis and characterization efforts in the past two decades. Recently, the topic of reversibly reconfigurable plasmonic nanomaterials has become an intensive research area offering the opportunity to reconfigure the optical, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties of materials with promising applications in fields ranging from biosensors to nanorobotics and energy. This Perspective discusses the state of the art in the fabrication and application of reversibly reconfigurable colloidal plasmonic nanomaterials based on the actuation of interparticle couplings and explores some promising directions for future research ranging from direction control, two-dimensional materials, and the incorporation of feedback mechanisms for designing robust responses.

Topic: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The TMEM240 Protein, Mutated in SCA21, Is Expressed in Purkinje Cells and Synaptic Terminals

A variety of missense mutations and a stop mutation in the gene coding for transmembrane protein 240 (TMEM240) have been reported to be the causative mutations of spinocerebellar ataxia 21 (SCA21). We aimed to investigate the expression of TMEM240 protein in mouse brain at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. Immunofluorescence labeling showed TMEM240 to be expressed in various areas of the brain, with the highest levels in the hippocampus, isocortex, and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, TMEM240 was detected in the deep nuclei and the cerebellar cortex. The protein was expressed in all three layers of the cortex and various cerebellar neurons. TMEM240 was localized to climbing, mossy, and parallel fiber afferents projecting to Purkinje cells, as shown by coimmunostaining with VGLUT1 and VGLUT2. Co-immunostaining with synaptophysin, post-synaptic fractionation, and confirmatory electron microscopy showed TMEM240 to be localized to the post-synaptic side of synapses near the Purkinje-cell soma. Similar results were obtained in human cerebellar sections. These data suggest that TMEM240 may be involved in the organization of the cerebellar network, particularly in synaptic inputs converging on Purkinje cells. This study is the first to describe TMEM240 expression in the normal mouse brain.

Topic: Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Primary synovial sarcoma of pericardium: report of a case].

患者男,55岁.2011年1月4日因“间歇性胸闷、气喘1个月余,加重1d”以“心包腔占位性病变”入住我院心血管外科.外院检查:心脏彩超示右侧心包腔内实性占位;胸片及CT示心包内实性占位.患者接受了心包腔肿物切除手术,术中发现心包腔内广泛纤维素沉积,膈面心包处可见巨大占位,大小约7 cm×9 cm,肿物与下腔静脉紧密连接,与心脏及膈肌间疏松粘连,似鱼肉样,内见散在出血区。

Topic: Cardiac tumors and thrombi
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Therapy

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Barrett-Connor and associates (241:2167, 1979) on heart risk factors in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen, a paradox is noted in that both lack of estrogen and estrogen therapy cause an increase in levels of blood triglycerides. One explanation for elevated triglyceride levels in women taking estrogen is that a high intake of sucrose apparently aggravates the effect of estrogen on triglyceride production.<sup>1</sup>Gonane progesterone use concomitantly with estrogen decreases the effect of estrogen on triglyceride (and cholesterol) blood levels.<sup>2</sup>This, in judging the reason for increased blood triglycerides in the group of women described by Barrett-Connor et al, an accounting of sucrose intake and progesterone use would be helpful in interpreting the paradoxical findings. The authors imply that use of estrogen in postmenopausal women may give significant cardiovascular benefits that outweigh the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Since progesterone use along with

Topic: Estrogen and related hormone effects
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
APNS and Program Planning: An Example of a Primary Care Provider Educational Program on TB in the US Foreign Born

APNs are called to be leaders in healthcare initiatives and are uniquely prepared to implement changes in healthcare through program planning. This paper discusses an APN designed primary care provider educational program on tuberculosis in the foreign born. Recommendations are given to assist APNs in establishing similar programs.

Topic: Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1981276: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Multi-FSR Flex-LIONS: a Bandwidth Reconfigurable Optical Interconnect Architecture with Minimal Network Diameter

We propose a SiPh multi-FSR Flex-LIONS architecture that leverages the multiple FSRs of an AWGR to enable topology and bandwidth reconfigurability to adapt the interconnection to different traffic profiles while maintaining a minimum-diameter all-to-all interconnectivity.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Relationship Between Psychological Hardiness and Mindfulness in University Students: The Role of Spiritual Well-Being

The purpose of the research is to reveal the role of spiritual well-being in relationship between psychological hardiness and mindfulness in university students. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 561 university students with convenience sampling strategy who were between 17-49 years of age and were studying in Konya 2017 and 2018. The research is done in accord with relational scanning which is a subgenre of general survey model. In this research structural equation modeling analysis has been applied to test the relationships among psychological hardiness, mindfulness and spiritual well-being variables of university students. Structural equation modeling analysis has been carried out using AMOS 19 software. In the study, ‘Demographic Information Form’, ‘The Psychological Hardiness Scale’, ‘Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire’ and ‘Spiritual Well-Being Scale’ were used. According to the findings obtained from the research, the major independent variable which affects the psychological hardiness of university students was mindfulness. A significant positive correlation was found between mindfulness levels and psychological hardiness levels. It is also observed that there is a positive linear correlation between spiritual well-being and psychological hardiness and mindfulness.

Topic: Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
A Method To Forecast Open Pack Ice Speed Of Motion Using Remotely-sensed Data

A reduced form of the g eneral e quation of motion for drifting pack ice is employed to forecast these motions. In this equation wind, water and Coriolis stresses are assumed to be at equilibrium. By resolving these vectors two equations, consisting of eight variables, are derived. Ice location and speed of motion are obtained from two-day sequences of sidelapping Landsat-1 MSS images. Air density and geostrophic wind speed are obtained from three-day sequences of surface weather charts. The remaining four variables are estimated from these data and from previous observations on minima and maxima of ice thickness and drag coefficients at the air/ice and the water/ice interfaces. The method is tested by six groups of open pack ice floes which have drifted in the MIZ of the s outh-east B eaufort sea during 1973-1975.

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bactericidal Activity of Coelomic Cell of Eisenia fetida (Common Earthworm) to Mycobacterium Smegmatis

Several Mycobacterium species are pathogens for humans and farm animals, for example cattle. Reservoirs for cattle may include manure and composting plant material allowing bacteria to survive and infect more cattle. Controlling the growth of these organisms with a natural way is desirable, for example using earthworms. Earthworms are beneficial to ecosystems by modifying the chemical, physical and biological elements of the soil including the bacteria. This proposed research will help determine if coelomic cell extracts of Eisenia fetida have antimicrobial effects against Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is a non-pathogenic soil bacterium. Coelomic cells and fluids from year old earthworms were harvested. The cells were ruptured and the fluids and cellular extract sterilized. M. smegmatis mixed with coelomic cell extracts for several hours had no change bacterial viability as determined by a standard plate count. Neutral red uptake is a measure of the cells ability to ingest material. Although this procedure is still being optimized, preliminary data indicates that M smegmatis has no effect on neutral red uptake by earthworm coelomic cells. However, when mixed with an unrelated Escherichia coli, coelomic cells had a decreased uptake of neutral red. If these results are significant it will show that the coelomic cells interact with these two bacteria in different ways

Topic: Insect Utilization and Effects
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
New American Cynipid Wasps from Galls

B}' Lewis H. Weld Tw'ENTY-FouR new species of cynipids and their galls and two inquilines are described herein, together with some notes on biology and synonymy.One new generic name is proposed for three described gall-making species from the Pacific coast.

Topic: Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Sir Harold Ridley (1906–2001): televising and filming ophthalmic surgery and eye examinations

Sir Harold Ridley is well known for his pioneering intraocular lens implantation surgery. He also had a significant commitment to the televising and filming of surgery. In his 1950 Television in Ophthalmology paper, Ridley describes the techniques he used to capture his surgery in monochrome and later in full colour for audiences at St Thomas' Hospital.

Topic: Intraocular Surgery and Lenses
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β facilitates cell apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation through acceleration of Bax translocation

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a critical activator of cell apoptosis induced by a diverse array of insults. However, the effects of GSK-3β on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell (ASTC-a-1) apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation (HF-LPLI) are not clear. Here, we showed that GSK-3β was constantly translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus and activated during HF-LPLI-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that co-overexpression of YFP-GSK-3β and CFP-Bax in ASTC-a-1 cells accelerated both Bax translocations to mitochondria and cell apoptosis, compared to the cells expressed CFP-Bax only under HF-LPLI treatment, indicating that GSK-3β facilitated ASTC-a-1 cells apoptosis through acceleration mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Our results demonstrate that GSK-3β exerts some of its pro-apoptotic effects in ASTC-a-1 cells by regulating the mitochondrial localization of Bax, a key component of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade.

Topic: Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The 21 Days School at Home to Learn and Understand Lessons of Life

The book on “Innovative Teaching and Learning Process during COVID 19” is a very good effort in bringing novel ideas at the time of pandemic. The engagement with academic fraternity leading to this wonderful outcome is laudable. As the editors of this book, we are fortunate to go through every article and found few interesting aspects in teaching and learning process. Innovation has been the most buzzed word in the world today. In fact, academia across the globe are potentially involved in INNOVATION at every possible level. We wish this race with this pace towards innovation in teaching and learning mechanism drives us to “INNOVATION 5.0” in near future. This book will be instrumental in polarizing the thoughts of reader towards this process of innovation, particularly, in delivering lectures using online platforms and e-resources. Congratulations the authors in this book touched upon diverse topics related to the paradigm shift in teaching and learning process. Various tools, innovative practices were presented vividly in the articles of this book. Congratulations and wishes to authors and publishers for bringing out this productive outcome in the most critical transition time of educational reforms.

Topic: Innovative Teaching Methods
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Germanium doped cadmium telluride crystals for optical sensing

Efficient detection of the small periodic phase modulation has been performed using photorefractive CdTe:Ge semiconductor crystals at λ = 984 nm and λ = 1064 nm in two-wave mixing experimental set-up with the alternating electric voltage applied to the crystal. Although very low light intensities were used in our experiment, the efficient linear phase demodulation occurred with the remarkable operation speed demonstrating the high potential of CdTe:Ge for practical implementation in optical sensing.

Topic: Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 1425833: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Bayesian bandwidth estimation for local linear fitting in nonparametric regression models

This paper presents a Bayesian sampling approach to bandwidth estimation for the local linear estimator of the regression function in a nonparametric regression model. In the Bayesian sampling approach, the error density is approximated by a location-mixture density of Gaussian densities with means the individual errors and variance a constant parameter. This mixture density has the form of a kernel density estimator of errors and is referred to as the kernel-form error density (c.f., Zhang et al., 2014). While Zhang et al. (2014) use the local constant (also known as the Nadaraya- Watson) estimator to estimate the regression function, we extend this to the local linear estimator, which produces more accurate estimation. The proposed investigation is motivated by the lack of data-driven methods for simultaneously choosing bandwidths in the local linear estimator of the regression function and kernel-form error density. Treating bandwidths as parameters, we derive an approximate (pseudo) likelihood and a posterior. A simulation study shows that the proposed bandwidth estimation outperforms the rule-of-thumb and cross-validation methods under the criterion of integrated squared errors. The proposed bandwidth estimation method is validated through a nonparametric regression model involving firm ownership concentration, and a model involving state-price density estimation.

Topic: Statistical Methods and Inference
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploiting GenAI for Plan Generation in BDI Agents

Extending BDI agents with the ability to autonomously generate plans has long been a goal in the field of cognitive agent engineering to enhance their adaptability. Recent advances in GenAI are now opening new possibilities for plan generation, by leveraging the natural-language understanding, mean-end reasoning, and abstraction capabilities of LLMs. In this paper, we investigate the integration of GenAI-based plan generation into AgentSpeak(L) agents, and we analyse the implications of transferring knowledge between the LLM and the BDI agent, for the sake of dynamic plan generation. We propose a coherent framework where AgentSpeak(L) is extended with plan generation, and we model the boundaries of the generative process. We prototype our framework via the JaKtA BDI agent technology, and we methodologically assess the quality of the plans generated by LLMs of different sorts.

Topic: Semantic Web and Ontologies
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Catamenial pneumothorax; report of a case].

A 40-year-old female had right-sided pneumothorax. She was treated with a chest tube. On the 2nd day, her menstruation started. Because of a persistent air leak, she underwent a thoracoscopic operation on the 15th day. During the operation, we noted a pulmonary bulla at the apex and multiple blue berry spots both on the visceral pleura and the tendinous part of the diaphragm. We performed a resection of the pulmonary bulla, partial diaphragmatic excision plus suture. Section of visceral pleura and diaphragm shows ductal structures, which is insistent with endometriosis. The serum CA125 level decreased to 39 U/ml. Following surgery, oral contraceptives was started and no recurrence was encountered thereafter.

Topic: Uterine Myomas and Treatments
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Dynamic Clustering and Power Control for Two-Tier Over-the-Air Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) has been recognized as a promising distributed learning paradigm to support intelligent applications at the wireless edge. However, direct computing based on the information from the devices may not be resource efficient due to the relatively large communication cost between the devices and parameter server (PS). This paper studies the joint communication and learning design for the over-theair computation (AirComp)-based two-tier wireless FL scheme, where the lead devices first collect the local gradients from their nearby subordinate devices, and then send the merged results to the PS for the second round of aggregation. We establish a convergence result for the proposed scheme and derive the upper bound on the optimality gap between the expected and optimal global loss values. Next, based on the device distance and data importance, we propose a hierarchical clustering method to build the two-tier structure. Then, with only the instantaneous channel state information (CSI), we formulate the optimality gap minimization problem and solve it by using an efficient alternating minimization method. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the baseline ones.

Topic: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Iron(II) Mediated Desulfurization of Organosulfur Substrates Produces Nonheme Diiron(II)-hydrosulfides

A reaction system involving Fe(BF<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O and two dinucleating ligands, HBPMP and HPhBIMP, mediates the desulfurization of aliphatic and aromatic thiols at room temperature. This rare C-S bond cleavage reaction produces two nonheme diiron(II) complexes, [Fe<sub>2</sub>(BPMP)(SH)<sub>2</sub>(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>1+</sup> (<b>1a</b>) and [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(μ-SH)(DMF)]<sup>2+</sup> (<b>2a</b>), possibly via an active species similar to [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(DMF)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> (<b>2c</b>), while the thiols are converted to the corresponding alcohols/phenols. In the case of thioacetic acid, a bidentate chelating organosulfur substrate, the use of HBPMP produces the corresponding bis-thiocarboxylato bridged complex, [Fe<sub>2</sub>(BPMP)(CH<sub>3</sub>COS)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>1+</sup> (<b>1b</b>), instead of <b>1a</b>. However, the use of HPhBIMP allows the Fe(II) mediated desulfurization of thioacetic acid as well to yield <b>2a</b>, along with the formation of [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(CH<sub>3</sub>COS)(MeCN)]<sup>2+</sup> (<b>2b</b>). This convenient desulfurization reaction has been demonstrated for different substrates in different solvents along with the structural and spectroscopic characterizations of the diiron(II)-hydrosulfide complexes in comparison with two isostructural chloride complexes, [Fe<sub>2</sub>(BPMP)(Cl)<sub>2</sub>(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>1+</sup> (<b>1c</b>) and [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(μ-Cl)(DMF)]<sup>2+</sup> (<b>2d</b>). The role of the individual reactants in the desulfurization process has been thoroughly investigated using control reactions, and on the basis of these results and the identification of intermediate species, such as [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(S<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)(DMF)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> and [Fe<sub>2</sub>(PhBIMP)(S<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)(H<sub>2</sub>O)(DMF)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, in solution by mass spectrometry, a possible mechanism has been proposed.

Topic: Sulfur-Based Synthesis Techniques
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Medical Countermeasures for Intoxication by Botulinum Neurotoxin

Systematic research on the mechanism of action of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) began with the work of Justinus Kerner, a German medical officer, who provided the first complete description of botulism while investigating outbreaks of foodborne illnesses in southwestern Germany that were linked to consumption of sausages. The seminal work of van Ermengem revealed that foodborne botulism is intoxication, not an infection, and that the toxin is not destroyed by the harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. The gene coding for the first non-clostridial BoNT-like toxin was identified in Weisella oryzae, a Gram-positive non-spore-forming bacterium found in fermented rice. The exquisite selectivity of BoNT led to its use as a precise chemical tool to identify the role of cholinergic systems in synaptic transmission and for elucidating the role of neural activity and acetylcholine (ACh) secretion in mediating the consequences of disuse atrophy. The clinical syndrome of botulism reflects toxin-induced blockade of ACh release from neuromuscular and neuroeffector junctions.

Topic: Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Precautions with the use of the maximal allowable error.

The International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (1) defines error of measurement as the result of a measurement minus a true value of the measurand [the particular quantity subjected to measurement], and defines systematic error as the mean that would result from an infinite number of measurements of the same measurand carried out under repeatable conditions minus a true value of the measurand; obviously, because only a finite number of measurements can be made and true values are by nature indeterminate, it is possible to determine only an estimate of the systematic error.

Topic: Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences