jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[LB.02.21] ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND ENDOTHELIUM PROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM SPANISH DRY CURED HAM

Objective: Bioactive peptides (BP) have been widely pursued for the management of hypertension showing an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity. They have been widely pursued for the management of hypertension and are believed to exert beneficial physiological effects on the endothelium. We aimed to test ACE inhibitory capacity of a protein hydrolysate containing characterized BP from Spanish dry-cured ham and four purified BP (KPVAAP, KAAAATP, KPGRP, AAATP). Secondly, the current study evaluates beneficial changes in protein expression changes and antioxidant activity over the endothelium. Design and method: ACE inhibitory activity of BP was evaluated using an enzymatic extract of transiently transfected EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Potential mechanisms of action of BP over endothelial function were quantified by RT-PCR after treatment with TNF-α 100 ng/μl or H2O2 300 μM w/o BP. Results: Significant ACE inhibition was observed at different concentrations of cured ham hydrolysate and purified BP in a dose-response manner. The following IC 50 were found for each BP: Cured ham hydrolysate 410,34 ± 55,79 μg/ml, KPVAAP 108,79 ± 45,76 μM, KPGRP 485,50 ± 43,47 μM, AAATP 1317,32 ± 161,65 μM and KAAAATP 1267,54 ± 43,7516 μM. Cured ham hydrolysate at 50 μg/ml promoted antioxidant activity through catalase, superoxide dismutase and eNOS mRNA higher expression in the presence of H2O2 (p = 0.04, p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). It also prevented an adhesive marker expression such as ICAM-1 in the presence of TNF-α (p < 0.001). Moreover, purified AAATP (300 μM) also prevented the TNFα-increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.008). KPVAAP and AAATP reverted the TNF-α decreased eNOS mRNA expression (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Those results suggest protective effects of biopeptides against inflammation and oxidant agents as well as antihypertensive activity. Bioactive peptides from Spanish dry cured-ham could then display benefits in the cardiovascular system, with potential clinical relevance.

Topic: Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Fire and Fortitude: The US Army in the Pacific War, 1941-1943

"John C. McManus, one of our most highly-acclaimed historians of World War II, takes readers from Pearl Harbor...a rude awakening for a ragtag militia woefully unprepared for war...to Makin, a sliver of coral reef where the Army was tested against the increasingly-desperate Japanese. In between were nearly two years of punishing combat as the Army transformed, at times unsteadily, from an undertrained garrison force into an unstoppable juggernaut, and America evolved from an inward-looking nation into a global superpower."...Provided by publisher

Topic: World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Toward a Theory of Voice Motives

Why do employees choose to engage in constructive voice in the first place? This research aims to construct a theory of voice motives by deriving a taxonomy of the different motives underlying constructive voice. To achieve this goal, we defined constructive voice from the actor's perspective and treated it as behavior theoretically distinct from a specific motive. We derived voice motives by synthesizing the voice literature. To compile evidence supporting the taxonomy of voice motives, we constructed the Voice Motives Scale for measuring voice motives. Subject matter experts evaluated the correspondence between the initial items we generated and the conceptual definitions of voice motives. Items demonstrating adequate content validity were retained and subject to exploratory factor analysis. After discovering the factor structure, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis using a different sample to verify factor structure. We also gathered convergent and discriminant validity evidence using a comparison construct theoretically aligned with a specific voice motive with this sample. We then accessed the third sample to leverage the false consensus effect as an alternative way to verify factor structure and gather validity evidence. In summary, the evidence across multiple data collections provided support for our theory of nine voice motives: acquisitive, status, fulfilling, beneficent, protective, authentic, organizational exchange, accountable, and normative motives. Both items and factors display good psychometric properties with high levels of internal consistency reliability. Fit indices confirmed a consistent structure cross-validated across multiple samples and repeated evidence for item-level and factor-level validity.

Topic: Social and Intergroup Psychology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Evolution of dust in the Orion Bar with Herschel

Context. Interstellar dust is a key element in our understanding of the interstellar medium and star formation. The manner in which dust populations evolve with the excitation and the physical conditions is a first step in comprehending the evolution of interstellar dust.
 
Aims. Within the framework of the Evolution of interstellar dust Herschel key programme, we have acquired PACS and SPIRE spectrophotometric observations of various photodissociation regions, to characterise this evolution. The aim of this paper is to trace the evolution of dust grains in the Orion Bar photodissociation region.
 
Methods. We used Herschel/PACS (70 and 160 μm) and SPIRE (250, 350 and 500 μm) together with Spitzer/IRAC observations to map the spatial distribution of the dust populations across the Bar. Brightness profiles were modelled using the DustEM model coupled with a radiative transfer code.
 
Results. Thanks to Herschel, we are able to probe in great detail the dust emission of the densest parts of the Orion Bar with a resolution from 5.6″ to 35.1″. These new observations allow us to infer the temperature of the biggest grains at different positions in the Bar, which reveals a gradient from ~70 K to 35 K coupled with an increase of the spectral emissivity index from the ionization front to the densest regions. Combining Spitzer/IRAC observations, which are sensitive to the dust emission from the surface, with Herschel maps, we were able to measure the Orion Bar emission from 3.6 to 500 μm. We find a stratification in the different dust components that can be quantitatively reproduced by a simple radiative transfer model without dust evolution (diffuse interstellar medium abundances and optical properties). However, including dust evolution is needed to explain the brightness in each band. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance variations, or a combination of PAH abundance variations with an enhancement of the biggest grain emissivity caused by coagulation give good results. Another hypothesis is to consider a length of the Bar along the line of sight different at the ionization front than in the densest parts.

Topic: Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Subfield: Instrumentation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
The efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for parturients undergoing cesarean section: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

<title>Abstract</title> Background The efficacy and safety of spinal anesthesia by intrathecal dexmedetomidine (DEX) for parturients undergoing cesarean section are still lack of evidence. This aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal DEX for parturients undergoing cesarean section to provide more data evidence for intrathecal applications. Methods 300 parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from two centers were randomly assigned into 3 groups : group B: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of bupivacaine 0.75% with saline (1 ml) ; group FB: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of bupivacaine 0.75% with 20 µg of fentanyl (1 ml) ; group DB : 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of bupivacaine 0.75% with 5 µg of DEX (1 ml). Intraoperative block characteristics, parturients’ postoperative quality of recovery, maternal and neonatal outcomes and the plasma concentration of DEX were measured. All parturients were followed up for 30 days to determine whether nerve injury occurred. Results Compared with group B, the duration of sensory block in group FB and group DB were significantly prolonged (108.4 min [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 104.6-112.3] in group B, and 122.0 min [95% CI = 116.8-127.3] in group FB, 148.2 min [95% CI = 145.3-151.1] in group DB). The overall score of quality recovery in group DB (71.6 [95% CI = 71.0-72.2]) was significantly higher than that in group FB (61.5 [95% CI = 60.8–62.2]) and group B (61.7 [95% CI = 61.0-62.4]). There were no statistically significant among the 3 groups for PH, PaO2, and PaCO2 in the umbilical artery and umbilical vein blood of newborn. The concentration of DEX in umbilical artery and umbilical vein was too low to be detected. The 30-days follow-up of parturients did not show any new onset of back, buttock or leg pain or paresthesia. Conclusion DEX is a potential local anesthetics adjuvant and the combination of 5 µg of DEX can exhibit a facilitatory effect when administered intrathecally as part of spinal anesthesia. However, large sample clinical studies to support the safety of intrathecal DEX use in the clinical setting are still needed. Trial registration : Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (Registration number # ChiCTR1900022019; Date of Registration on March 20th, 2019).

Topic: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Blood profile and balance study of rats given the putative anorectic agent satietin

Satietin (SAT), a glycoprotein found in the plasma of a variety of animals, is a putative satiety agent. In experiments 1 and 2 rats received chronic third ventricle cannulas. At the start of the dark phase, in experiment 1, one group was infused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and fed ad libitum (CON); a second group was infused with 100 micrograms/rat of human SAT and fed ad libitum in individual computerized pellet feeding modules; a third group was infused with aCSF and pair fed (PF) to the SAT-treated rats. The animals were killed 19.5 h later and blood was collected. Food and water intake and body weight were significantly, and comparably, reduced in the SAT-treated and PF group compared with the CON group. Plasma was assayed for a variety of nutrients, metabolites, enzymes, hormones, ions, and osmolality. Differential white cell counts were made. None of the above parameters differed significantly between the SAT and PF groups. Meal pattern analyses showed SAT treatment did not at any time alter meal size but significantly increased meal duration and intermeal interval during the first 6 h of the dark phase. In experiment 2 rats were placed in metabolic cages and infused with SAT or aCSF. Food and water intakes of the SAT group were suppressed for 1 day, whereas their body weights were significantly attenuated for 3 days. Urine volume and feces elimination were similar in the two groups over the 6-day measurement period. The normalcy of the data from experiment 1 is in accord with the possibility that SAT may act as a physiological satiety agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topic: Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Measuring Chemotaxis and Chemokinesis: The Under-Agarose Cell Migration Assay

Chemotaxis is the primary mechanism by which cell movements are directed within multicellular organisms, and it is a major component of embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses. Chemotaxis involves a complex cascade of events--formation of signaling complexes, receptor polarization, adhesion molecule activation, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Previous assay methods were limited in several ways that reduced users' abilities to obtain quantitative data or to control conditions precisely. We describe a unique chemotactic assay that can incorporate multiple chemotactic gradients in different spatial and temporal combinations. In addition, this assay is easily adapted for live-cell imaging and fluorescent microscopy. With its relative simplicity, flexibility, and precision, this method is a key tool for the study of cellular chemotactic responses and the signaling processes underlying them.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mapping the distribution of bioactive compounds and aroma/flavour precursors in green coffee beans with an integrated mass spectrometry-based approach

Abstract Coffee is one of the most enjoyed beverages worldwide and whilst a wide array of secondary metabolites has been qualitatively and quantitatively characterised within the coffee bean, little is known about their distribution in different bean tissues. In this work, complementary mass spectrometry (MS) based approaches were utilised to determine the spatial metabolomic content of coffee beans, focusing on highlighting those which presented a regiospecific distribution and distinguished the different endosperm regions and the embryo. Preliminary exploration of the spatial metabolome of Coffea arabica coffee beans highlighted tissue-specific molecular features through an unsupervised statistical analysis. Then, the complementary information derived from higher resolution MS approaches resulted in the annotation of 13 metabolites which showed a specific enrichment in at least one tissue, and most of these were noted to be bioactive compounds or aroma/flavour precursors. Knowledge of the tissue distribution of these compounds could shed light on their biological role in plant physiology and bean development, but could also have relevant implications for their positive impact on human health due to coffee consumption as well as their possible effect on aroma and flavour upon roasting of green coffee beans.

Topic: Coffee research and impacts
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immigration and Extinction of Salt Marsh Arthropods on Islands: An Experimental Study

On decrit une serie d'experiences de colonisation de plusieurs petites iles de Floride (apres suppression de la faune) par des arthropodes de marais sales infeodes a Spartina alterniflora (l'observation porte sur 53 semaines). Dans l'ensemble, les relations entre le nombre d'especes insulaires et l'immigration et la vitesse d'extinction vont dans le sens predit par la theorie de MacArthur-Wilson, mais avec d'importantes deviations que l'on tente d'expliquer

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Three millimeter needlescopic splenectomy using three-port technique: report of three cases

Abstract We report our experience with needlescopic splenectomy (NS) for the surgical treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using a 3-mm needlescope with three ports. One patient was male and two were females, and their mean age was 58 years. The patient was placed in the right lateral decubitus position. The first 12-mm port was introduced through the lateral margin of the left rectus abdominis muscle, and the other two 3-mm ports were inserted in the left upper quadrant. NS was performed by a standard technique under the observation of 3.3-mm needlescope. The surgical procedure was successfully completed in all the patients. The mean duration of surgery, intra-operative bleeding volume and post-operative hospital stay were 176 min, 70 ml and 4.7 days, respectively. There were no particular peri-operative complications in spite of dense adhesions or simultaneous laparoscopic procedures. Our method is safe and feasible with low morbidity and without impairing cosmetic benefits.

Topic: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Biological findings in Von Willebrand's pedigrees: implications for inheritance

Thirty-one subjects from three families affected by Von Willebrand's disease have been investigated with the following tests: Ivy's bleeding time; platelet adhesiveness according to Salzman; two-stage factor VIII assay. Twelve patients have a complete form of the disease, i.e. , a prolonged bleeding time with low platelet adhesiveness, and a reduced factor VIII level. Eight subjects have an isolated low platelet adhesiveness associated in three cases with a prolonged bleeding time. The low platelet adhesiveness in these subjects was corrected, as in Von Willebrand's disease, by infusion of haemophilia A plasma. The dominant autosomal mode of inheritance appears to be due to a pleiotropic gene, expressed in a variety of ways

Topic: Platelet Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Transcranial direct current stimulation and retraining in musician's hand dystonia

Musician's dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder with a loss of voluntary motor control in highly trained movements. Defective inhibition on different levels of the central nervous system is discussed to be involved in the pathophysiology. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical excitability of the motor cortex. Cathodal tDCS may increase cortical inhibition, whereas anodal tDCS enhances excitability.

Topic: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Exploring Best Practices for Client Satisfaction in the Saudi Construction Industry

Customer satisfaction is the goal as well as the essential tool for measuring the quality and effectiveness of the construction industry. This paper aims to explore best practices that can be used by the Saudi Construction industry. For this purpose, the prevailing practices for client satisfaction followed in Saudi construction industry have been examined and compared with the best practices in the UK to identify the shortcomings and explore effective methods that can be used by Saudi constructors to provide enhanced client satisfaction. The data for this study has been gathered with the help of qualitative gathered from authentic secondary sources like books; peer-reviewed journals, construction reports and academic publications on construction and client satisfaction. Qualitative research methods involving interpretive paradigm, descriptive design and inductive approach have been used. The analysis of the findings has been done with the help of thematic analysis. The findings of the paper have revealed that.

Topic: Construction Project Management and Performance
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The causes of 'blank spots' on the map of contemporary linguistics

This paper reveals the causes of the decrease of the research interest to some realms of present-day linguistics. These are difficulties to chart the subject of research (while taking into consideration some parameters like age, gender, occupation and others), privacy limitations, the shortage of appropriate concepts, unfashionable genres, inattention to some fascinating trivia.

Topic: Linguistic research and analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Mitochondrial Functionality in Male Fertility: From Spermatogenesis to Fertilization

Mitochondria are structurally and functionally distinct organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to provide energy to spermatozoa. They can also produce reactive oxidation species (ROS). While a moderate concentration of ROS is critical for tyrosine phosphorylation in cholesterol efflux, sperm–egg interaction, and fertilization, excessive ROS generation is associated with male infertility. Moreover, mitochondria participate in diverse processes ranging from spermatogenesis to fertilization to regulate male fertility. This review aimed to summarize the roles of mitochondria in male fertility depending on the sperm developmental stage (from male reproductive tract to female reproductive tract). Moreover, mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulation of proton secretion into the lumen to maintain an acidic condition in the epididymis, and sperm DNA condensation during epididymal maturation. We also established the new signaling pathway using previous proteomic data associated with male fertility, to understand the overall role of mitochondria in male fertility. The pathway revealed that male infertility is associated with a loss of mitochondrial proteins in spermatozoa, which induces low sperm motility, reduces OXPHOS activity, and results in male infertility.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibition (2P2I)-Oriented Chemical Library Accelerates Hit Discovery

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent an enormous source of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. We and others have recently pinpointed key rules that will help in identifying the next generation of innovative drugs to tackle this challenging class of targets within the next decade. We used these rules to design an oriented chemical library corresponding to a set of diverse "PPI-like" modulators with cores identified as privileged structures in therapeutics. In this work, we purchased the resulting 1664 structurally diverse compounds and evaluated them on a series of representative protein-protein interfaces with distinct "druggability" potential using homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technology. For certain PPI classes, analysis of the hit rates revealed up to 100 enrichment factors compared with nonoriented chemical libraries. This observation correlates with the predicted "druggability" of the targets. A specific focus on selectivity profiles, the three-dimensional (3D) molecular modes of action resolved by X-ray crystallography, and the biological activities of identified hits targeting the well-defined "druggable" bromodomains of the bromo and extraterminal (BET) family are presented as a proof-of-concept. Overall, our present study illustrates the potency of machine learning-based oriented chemical libraries to accelerate the identification of hits targeting PPIs. A generalization of this method to a larger set of compounds will accelerate the discovery of original and potent probes for this challenging class of targets.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Experiments with an annotation scheme for a knowledge-rich noun phrase interpretation system

This paper presents observations on our experience with an annotation scheme that was used in the training of a state-of-the-art noun phrase semantic interpretation system. The system relies on cross-linguistic evidence from a set of five Romance languages: Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, and Romanian. Given a training set of English noun phrases in context along with their translations in the five Romance languages, our algorithm automatically learns a classification function that is later on applied to unseen test instances for semantic interpretation. As training and test data we used two text collections of different genre: Europarl and CLUVI. The training data was annotated with contextual features based on two state-of-the-art classification tag sets.

Topic: Natural Language Processing Techniques
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences