jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of Unc45a in the production of aortic arch malformations in the zebrafish kus mutant

Human congenital aortic arch malformations occur with a high frequency, and for the most part, the etiology of these lesions is not understood. To gain insight into the mechanisms that guide aortic arch formation, we are studying the embryonic lethal zebrafish mutant, kurzschluss (kus). In kus mutants, lumenization of aortic arches (AA) 5 and 6 is delayed, and these vessels make an aberrant dorsal connection to a vein, creating an arteriovenous malformation that returns blood directly to the heart. Ventrally, while AA5 normally meets its lateral counterpart at the ventral aorta, in kus mutants, these vessels instead connect to AA4. Positional cloning of kus revealed a nonsense mutation within unc45a, which encodes a putative myosin chaperone. In situ hybridization revealed unc45a expression in brain, gut, and pharynx, but not blood vessels, suggesting that the vascular phenotype in kus is non-cell autonomous. The aortic arches form within the context of the pharyngeal arches and encircle the pharynx. We are therefore exploring the idea that loss of unc45a is disrupting pharyngeal arch or pharynx development, which is causing a secondary disruption of the posterior aortic arches. AHA 0335202N

Topic: Congenital heart defects research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Weak mixed lymphocyte culture response in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

A study was made to determine whether the mixed lymphocyte culture test could detect histocompatibility differences between two strains of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. A semi-micro mixed lymphocyte culture was developed using 6 X 10(5) stimulating and responding cells per 0.12 ml culture volume at a ratio of 1:1. A culture period of 120 hours was found to be optimal. Although a weak allogeneic response was demonstrated with the Uclp:(MON) strain responding to stimulating cells from the MON/Tum strain, the reverse was not seen. A mixed lymphocyte reaction to xenogeneic (mouse) cells was demonstrated, and response to the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, was strong. These data and the low stimulation index obtained in allogeneic culture supported the view that histocompatibility differences among different strains of the Mongolian gerbil are weak.

Topic: Xenotransplantation and immune response
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Antibody selection using clonal cocultivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and eukaryotic cells in miniecosystems

Significance We constructed a library of miniecosystems that can translate the information from antibody phage display directly into signals of biological function, thereby allowing for rapid selection of antibodies with the function of interest. Compared with the conventional phage display platform that can only isolate antibodies based on their binding affinity toward antigens, our new method bypasses the step of affinity-based selection, and the selection is based purely on the activity of antibodies in a biological system without concern for their relative affinity for antigens. This new method bridges the gap, which has existed for almost three decades, between affinity- and activity-based antibody selection for phage display of combinatorial antibody libraries, thus advancing antibody drug discovery.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Myth of “Torture Lite”

Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the phrase “torture lite” has appeared in public discourse about torture, used by journalists, military intelligence personnel, and academics to distinguish between two kinds of torture: torture , which is violent, physically mutilating, cruel and brutal, and torture lite , which refers to interrogation methods that are, it is claimed, more restrained and less severe than real torture. Techniques in the latter category, which are also described as “enhanced interrogation techniques” or “stress and duress methods,” include extended sleep deprivation, noise bombardment, and forced standing. In this paper I argue that the distinction between torture and torture lite is attractive to liberal democracies because it bolsters what David Luban has called the “liberal ideology of torture,” the myth that torture can be compatible with the basic commitments of liberal states. However, as I shall demonstrate, torture lite techniques are torture , for they are sufficiently cruel and severe to meet any plausible definition of torture. Furthermore, the use of terms like “torture lite” and the nature of such techniques encourage a moral psychology in which the violence and cruelty of torture is denied, the victim's suffering is hidden, minimized and doubted, and the torturer's responsibility is diminished. As such, the use of torture lite techniques is likely to encourage the normalization of torture.

Topic: Torture, Ethics, and Law
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Component Traits of KAFACI doubled haploid Rice (Oryza sativa L) Genotypes in Malawi

The present study exhibits a yield and yield component traits correlations and path coefficient analysis in some KAFACI doubled haploid and other rice {Oryza sativa L} genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design {RCBD} with 3 replications at Lifuwu Agricultural Research Station trial fields during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 rainy seasons. Eight selected traits namely number of productive tillers per hill, spikelets per panicle, panicle length, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield were considered in this study. ANOVA table illustrated significant differences (p&lt;0.001) for all studied traits and this means that the germplasms comprised a pool of genotypes with huge variations. The new promising lines, which exceed the yield, record of 7000kg/ha of paddy rice for Malawi varieties were identified in the present evaluation of KAFACI lines. Generally, genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations though in some instances were similar implying that much expression of the lines were influenced by genetic factors. Grain yield showed positive significant correlation with number of productive tillers per hill and only positive in panicle length and spikelets per panicle. This means selection for these traits can improve grain yield. Path Coefficient showed that characters like days to reach maturity, panicle length and spikelets per panicle were directly influencing grain yield thus are important contributors in coming up with selection criteria for the set objectives in a rice breeding program.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis in a Hispanic Young Adult Male

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, characterized by severe hypokalemia and episodes of skeletal muscle paralysis. Although it is commonly described in adult East Asian men, TPP has been reported in individuals of all ages and ethnic backgrounds. We describe the case of a young adult Hispanic male who presented to a Pediatric Emergency Department with paralysis and was diagnosed with TPP. We will review TPP, focusing on the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and treatment.

Topic: Ion channel regulation and function
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
2.24-Tb/s Physical Random Bit Generation With Minimal Post-Processing Based on Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers Network

Multi-channel physical random bit generator (RBG) based on a chaotic semiconductor lasers (SLs) network is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In experiments, a small ring network consisting of three SLs mutually coupled with heterogeneous delays is constructed to obtain chaotic temporal waveforms. The results show that the time-delay signature of chaotic intensities in all the three SLs can be well concealed over wide range of parameters. Through linear combination of the three chaotic outputs, seven channels of chaotic entropy sources can be obtained. Furthermore, by introducing a minimal post-processing technique and directly extracting four least significant bits at 80-GS/s sampling rate, seven channel random bit sequences with verified randomness can be simultaneously achieved, and the total bit rate is 2.24 Tb/s. The proposed RBGs enabling such high generation rate have potential applications in the one-time pad encryption for the high-speed optical communication networks.

Topic: Chaos control and synchronization
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
EFFECT OF CHOCOLATE COATING ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF NORMAL AND HIGH OLEIC PEANUTS

ABSTRACT Oxidative stability studies were performed on roasted high‐oleic acid peanuts (HOP‐SunOleic 95) and normal oleic acid peanuts (NOP‐Florunner). Peanuts were dry‐roasted to a Hunter Lab value of approximately 50. Chocolate‐coated peanut bars (6″x4″×1/2″) were prepared using milk chocolate, white chocolate, and reduced‐fat chocolate (containing salatrim). Chocolate bars were stored at 25C and 0.60 water activity (a w ). Uncoated peanuts were stored at 0.60 and 0.19 a w at 25C. Samples were removed from storage at 4‐week intervals for peroxide value measurement. Oxidation of peanuts with chocolate coatings were higher than the peanuts that were stored uncoated at the same a w . The peroxide values of NOP were similar for chocolate coated treatments and 0.60 a w control but the 0.19 a w control was 2–4 times higher than the others. Chocolate‐coated peanuts had higher oxidation rates compared to uncoated peanuts.

Topic: Peanut Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantitative identification of the flux-flow modes in a stack of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O intrinsic Josephson junctions

We have measured the current-voltage characteristics of Josephson vortex-flow branches (JVFB), corresponding to a highly dense Josephson vortex regime, in stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystals sandwiched between two An electrodes. We observed splitting of JVFB and switching between neighboring branches in the low current bias region in fields of about 4 T, with a spread in the resistivity of the branches. The result strongly indicates the existence of the resonance between the vortex lattice and collective transverse plasma modes, mediated by the inter-junction charging coupling incorporated with the strong inductive coupling.

Topic: Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Scoping the Eco-sensitive Mythology in the Works of Amruta Patil and Appupen

Purpose of the study: The study aims to delve into the potential of the graphic novel in the Indian context, for which I have used the works of Amruta Patil and Appupen. The paper investigates the concerns of environment, mythology, and feminine experience and its presentation on a graphic-literary landscape.&#x0D; Methodology: The methodology used in the paper is that of direct observation. The researcher has used the contributions of Pramod K. Nayar and Emma Varughese further to push the boundaries of the graphic novel in India.&#x0D; Main Findings: The paper’s main findings have been to bring to light the complex mesh of interdisciplinary strategies required to scope the medium of the graphic novel. The paper narrows down on the success of the graphic novel as a medium to address the issues of the environment in a much more nuanced manner.&#x0D; Applications of the study: This research can be used to widen the scope of Literary Eco-criticism. It includes the medium of the graphic novel and seeks to examine its operative strategies when raising attention to the issues that pertain to the environment.&#x0D; Novelty/Originality of the study: The terrain of the Indian Graphic Novel is still new and developing. While some studies have been done in this medium around the themes of the concerns of the cosmopolitan Indian, little has been done to look into the mythological roots and environmental concerns that this genre also illuminates. This essay is a significant step in that direction.

Topic: Comics and Graphic Narratives
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
On the Occurence of the Remains of Insects in the Tertiary Clays of Dorsetshire

T he Tertiary strata of sands and clays at Corfe in Dorsetshire, which have been for some time known to contain a numerous and interesting flora, have afforded a large collection of remains of plants, chiefly dicotyledonous leaves, to the researches of my cousin, W. R. Brodie, Esq., and my friend, the Rev. G. H. Austen. In addition to the plants, the former discovered a few small elytra of Coleopterous Insects which belong to the families Curculionidæ and Buprestidæ . Mr. Westwood, who has kindly examined them, states that they belong to the ordinary types of the existing fauna*. This discovery is the more interesting on account of the extreme rarity of any relics of Insects in our British Tertiaries; and it appears to be their first occurrence in this portion of the series, although Dr. Mantell, in his ‘Geology of the Isle of Wight,’ mentions that Mr. Webster had observed traces of Insects in the London Clay near Parkhurst†, but no description or figures are given. It should be observed that the Curculionideous elytron was obtained two or three feet below the leaf-bed, where leaves are comparatively scarce, but the other elytra were associated with the plants. Mr. Prestwich informs me that he considers the Corfe clays and sands to belong, probably, to the lower part of the "Bagshot Sand," but he does not feel quite confident as to their true position, which is rendered the more difficult to determine, from the apparent absence of the London and Mottled Clays in

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Study of peroxide-modified titanium dioxide (anatase)

The compounds formed on titania (anatase) after its treatment with hydrogen peroxide have been investigated by spectroscopic methods, thermal desorption measurements and chemical analysis. Physically adsorbed hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxide groups, and O–2 anion radicals were found. The possible active sites for adsorption and the structure of the hydroperoxide groups are discussed.

Topic: Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors 1 and 2 Play Roles in Regulation of Vascular Injury Responses but Not Blood Pressure

Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is essential for the development of intimal hyperplasia. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a serum component that can promote phenotypic modulation of cultured SMC, but an endogenous role for this bioactive lipid as a regulator of SMC function in vivo has not been established. Ligation injury of the carotid artery in mice increased levels in the vessel of both autotaxin, the lysophospholipaseD enzyme responsible for generation of extracellular LPA, and two LPA responsive G-protein coupled receptors 1 (LPA1) and 2 (LPA2). LPA1-/-2-/- mice were partially protected from the development of injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia, whereas LPA1-/- mice developed larger neointimal lesions after injury. Growth in serum, LPA-induced ERK activation, and migration to LPA and serum were all attenuated in SMC isolated from LPA1-/-2-/- mice. In contrast, LPA1-/- SMCs exhibited enhanced migration resulting from an upregulation of LPA3. However, despite their involvement in intimal hyperplasia, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 were required for dedifferentiation of SMC following vascular injury or dedifferentiation of isolated SMC in response to LPA or serum in vitro. Similarly, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 were required for LPA to elicit a transient increase in blood pressure following intravenous administration of LPA to mice. These results identify a role for LPA and two defined LPA receptors in regulating SMC migratory responses in the context of vascular injury, but suggest that additional LPA receptor subtypes are required for other LPA-mediated effects in the vasculature.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Absorption of lanthanum by the enamel surface of rat teeth

Lanthanum inhibits dental caries formation in hamsters infected with Streptococcus mutans prevents adherence of human oral microbes to the glass surface and changes the microbial flora in the oral cavity of the hamster.The enamel surface of extracted non-carious human teeth were treated with a lanthanum nitrate solution, so that La3+ was displaced by Ca2+ in the enamel surface, and the enamel surface was coated with lanthanum phosphate compounds. We observed that the lanthanum phosphate compounds strengthen the aciduric resistance of teeth.The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibited caries formation in rats, which had been applied with an 8% lanthanum nitrate solution once a day for two weeks, and then observed for five months.The results were as follows:(1) The applied group reduced the caries formation to half of the control group.(2) The change in the number of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli was within the microbial flora in the oral cavity of rats, which was applied with a lanthanum nitrate solution on the enamel surface.(3) We observed that La3+ displaces Ca2+ in the enamel surface for three months, but that after five months, the lanthanum disappeared from the enamel surface.(4) The products of lanthanum phosphate compounds were made in the enamel surface, and the compounds included LaPO4, La4 (P2O7)3, LaP3O9·3H2O, LaP5O14 and LaHP2O7·3H2O.

Topic: Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Corporal Punishment in the Schools

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Plant architecture and foliar senescence impact the race between wheat growth and Zymoseptoria tritici epidemics

Background and Aims\nIn order to optimize crop management in innovative agricultural production systems, it is crucial to better understand how plant disease epidemics develop and what factors influence them. This study explores how canopy growth, its spatial organization and leaf senescence impact Zymoseptoria tritici epidemics.\n\nMethods\nWe used the Septo3D model, an epidemic model of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) coupled with a 3-D virtual wheat structural plant model (SPM). The model was calibrated and evaluated against field experimental data. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the model to explore how wheat plant traits impact the interaction between wheat growth and Z. tritici epidemics.\n\nKey Results\nThe model reproduces consistently the effects of crop architecture and weather on STB progress on the upper leaves. Model sensitivity analyses show that the effects of plant traits on epidemics depended on weather conditions. The simulations confirm the known effect of increased stem height and stem elongation rate on limiting STB progress on upper leaves. Strikingly, the timing of leaf senescence is one of the most influential traits on simulated STB epidemics. When the green life span duration of leaves is reduced by early senescence, epidemics are strongly reduced.\n\nConclusions\nWe introduce the notion of a ‘race’ for the colonization of emerging healthy host tissue between the growing canopy and the developing epidemics. This race is 2-fold: (1) an upward race at the canopy scale where STB must catch the newly emerging leaves before they grow away from the spore sources; and (2) a local race at the leaf scale where STB must use the resources of its host before it is caught by leaf apical senescence. The results shed new light on the importance of dynamic interactions between host and pathogen.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Multi-modal Multi-layer Fusion Network with Average Binary Center Loss for Face Anti-spoofing

Face anti-spoofing detection is critical to guarantee the security of biometric face recognition systems. Despite extensive advances in facial anti-spoofing based on single-model image, little work has been devoted to multi-modal anti-spoofing, which is however widely encountered in real-world scenarios. Following the recent progress, this paper mainly focuses on multi-modal face anti-spoofing and aims to solve the following two challenges: (1) how to effectively fuse multi-modal information; and (2) how to effectively learn distinguishable features despite single cross-entropy loss. We propose a novel Multi-modal Multi-layer Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (mmfCNN), which targets at finding a discriminative model for recognizing the subtle differences between live and spoof faces. The mmfCNN can fully use different information provided by diverse modalities, which is based on a weight-adaptation aggregation approach. Specifically, we utilize a multi-layer fusion model to further aggregate the features from different layers, which fuses the low-, mid- and high-level information from different modalities in a unified framework. Moreover, a novel Average Binary Center (ABC) loss is proposed to maximize the dissimilarity between the features of live and spoof faces, which helps to stabilize the training to generate a robust and discriminative model. Extensive experiments conducted on the CISIA-SURF and 3DMAD datasets verify the significance and generalization capability of the proposed method for the face anti-spoofing task. Code is available at: https://github.com/SkyKuang/Face-anti-spoofing.

Topic: Biometric Identification and Security
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences