jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urothelial Urinary Bladder Cancer Is Characterized by Stage-Dependent Aberrations in Metabolism of Bioactive Sphingolipids

Although dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism was observed in many malignant tumors, bladder cancer has not yet been examined in this regard. This study aims to investigate the metabolism of bioactive sphingolipids across different stages of urothelial urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Forty-eight patients with UBC were included in this study. The neoplasms were classified as either non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC, n = 24) or muscle-invasive (MIBC, n = 24). Samples of the healthy bladder tissue were taken from the patients who underwent radical cystectomy. The content of sphingolipids was measured using an HPLC method, and the mRNA expression of sphingolipid transporters and metabolizing enzymes was evaluated using RT-PCR. Compared to the healthy bladder tissue, the UBC, regardless of the stage, showed an elevated expression of SphK1, Spns2, and ABCC1. The changes in the level of bioactive sphingolipids were strongly stage-dependent. MIBC showed accumulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, whereas the content of these sphingolipids in the NMIBC tumor was not different from that of healthy tissue. Moreover, MIBC, compared to NMIBC, was characterized by higher levels of sphingosine and dihydroceramide. We conclude that profound alterations in sphingolipid metabolism develop upon UBC transition from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive. They include the accumulation of S1P, resulting from the increased availability of sphingosine generated from ceramide, which also builds up due to a further activation of its de novo synthesis. We hypothesize that the dysregulation of S1P metabolism leading to the accumulation of this tumor-promoting sphingolipid contributes to the progression of UBC.

Topic: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The effect of the antimicrobial spacer composition on the effectiveness of the sanitizing stage of treatment of chronic periprosthetic infection caused by gram-negative bacteria

Background. Periprosthetic infection is one of the most serious complications after primary endoprosthetics. Infection with gram-negative bacteria is particularly difficult to treat. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of the sanitizing stage of a 2-stage method for the treatment of patients with chronic PJI (hip joint) caused by gram-negative pathogens using a combination of highly dispersed silver, aztreonam and vancomycin for additional impregnation of an antimicrobial spacer. Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the treatment outcomes of 44 patients with PJI caused by gram-negative bacteria, who received antimicrobial spacers of various compositions during the rehabilitation stage. In group 1 (n=17), bone cement was additionally impregnated with vancomycin and highly dispersed silver, in group 2 (n=27), aztreonam was added to the impregnation composition. The follow-up period was 6 months. The nonparametric Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the intergroup differences in quantitative parameters, and the Fisher test was used for relative indicators. The differences were considered significant at р &lt;0.05. Results. The groups did not differ by gender or age of the patients. In group 2, a pronounced normalization of CRP was observed in the postoperative period (р &lt;0.05). The leading pathogens in both groups were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which accounted for more than 75% of the pathogen spectrum. About 40% of cases were represented by polymicrobial infection. The recurrence rate of PJIs in groups 1 and 2 was 35.3% and 14.8%, respectively (p=0.115). Conclusion. The conducted study demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of using a combination of vancomycin, aztreonam and highly dispersed silver as part of bone cement and can be considered as a local etiotropic antibacterial therapy in the treatment of chronic PJI, including those caused by gram-negative pathogens and microbial associations.

Topic: Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Investors' Grievances in India: Role of SEBI

Investors’ participation is essential for the development of securities market, which can be done by providing them adequate protection. Investors’ protection means protection of interest of investors from malpractices of various market intermediaries. SEBI was set up in 1992 to protect the interest of investors. For the growth of securities market it is necessary to build the confidence of retail investors in securities market, which can be done by timely redressing of complaints/grievances of investors. So in this paper, an attempt has been made to check the process of grievances redressal mechanism for investors and to check the performance of SEBI in redressing the grievances of investors over the period 2004-05 to 2013-14. The findings indicate that maximum investigations taken up and completed by SEBI were related to Market Manipulation and price rigging, success rate of investigation cases completed varies between 25.47 per cent and 60.36 per cent.

Topic: Insurance and Financial Risk Management
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Should Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy be Practiced in the Developing World? The Experience of the First Training Program in Afghanistan

Department of Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (Contini) EHA (Emergency and Humanitarian Action) WHO Country Office, Kabul, Afghanistan (Taqdeer) Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California (Gosselin)

Topic: Global Health and Surgery
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AXIOLOGY OF NUMERALS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LINGUOCULTURE

This article discusses the comparative analysis and study of the axiology of numbers in English and Uzbek linguoculture. The article states numbers' quantitative semantics and their study in linguistics and the history of the computing system. The axiology of numbers in english and uzbek linguoculture has not been studied by researchers in various aspec

Topic: Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Work and Well-Being: Realities and Aspirations

This article summarizes research on the quality of working life and the effects of unemployment, and presents policy proposals in both areas. Research findings on the quality of working life are discussed in terms of six major determinants: variety and challenge; autonomy and control; resources and supervision; relations with coworkers; wages and promotion; and conditions of work. Effects of unemployment are demonstrated in four areas — mental health, physical symptoms, physiological indicators, and economic well-being. Suggestions for future research and for social policy are made in two domains, socio-technics and reallocation of work. The first, socio-technics revisited, is a proposal for interdisciplinary collaboration in which engineering, architecture, and medicine as well as the social sciences address the problems of quality of employment. This contrasts with the earlier research in which the technology of work is taken as given and the task of social science is adaptation to it. The proposal for the reallocation of work is based on a four-hour work module and on individual choice, compatible with organizational requirements, on the number and pattern of modules to be worked. Both proposals are urged as subjects for experimental trial and revision, before enactment as social policy.

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Psychological therapy for ADHD works better with methylphenidate

Psychological interventions yielded better outcomes in adult patients with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when they were combined with methylphenidate as opposed to placebo, a study comparing four treatment conditions has found. The study also found that an easily implemented individual clinical management intervention fared no worse than a more structured group psychotherapy protocol.

Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Potential use of chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of <scp>DNA</scp> vaccine in black seabream <i>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</i> Bleeker to protect from <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>

Abstract To develop an effective and easy‐to‐administer vaccine against vibriosis of fish, the chitosan nanoparticles‐loaded DNA vaccine against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied. A DNA vaccine was constructed using the outer membrane protein K ( ompK ) gene of V. parahaemolyticus strain (OS4) and pEGFP ‐N 2 , a eukaryotic expression vector, and the construct was named pEGFP ‐N 2 ‐OMPK ( pDNA ). The pDNA was encapsulated in chitosan particles (chitosan/ pDNA ). The effective diameter, mean diameter and polydispersity of the particles were 284.4 nm, 218.9 nm and 0.160, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles are dispersed as individual nanoparticles with spherical shape of around 200 nm and are homogeneously distributed. Encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of nanoparticles were 91.5% and 2.08%, respectively. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that RNA‐containing information of the ompK gene existed in mid‐intestine, liver, kidney and muscle 3 weeks after oral administration in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii Bleeker. Expression of the reporter gene, green fluorescent protein ( GFP ), was observed in the above‐mentioned tissues by fluorescence microscopy. Expression of the ompK gene within 3 weeks evoked an immune response. Black seabream was protected from V. parahaemolyticus (OS4), with 72.3% relative percentage survival (RPS) 3 weeks post‐vaccination with chitosan/ pDNA . The direct agglutination test indicated that oral administration with chitosan/ pDNA induced an antibody immune response in fish against V. parahaemolyticus (OS4). Data obtained, here and in other related studies, suggest that chitosan nanoparticles are promising carriers for an oral pDNA vaccine.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
New Results Regarding The Motion Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Fluids Due To A Shear Stress On The Boundary

The present PhD dissertation has completed research on results related to flow behavior due to shear stress on the boundary of some Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids under different circumstances.Firstly, we have discussed some concepts related to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, constitutive equations, equations of motion and integral transforms.Secondly, we have presented the exact solutions of velocity, temperature and shear stress fields corresponding to some flows of Newtonian, second grade, Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluids.We have established general solutions for the unsteady free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid due to an infinite vertical plate that applies a shear stress f(t) to the fluid, when thermal radiation and porous effects are considered. These general solutions may generate a large class of exact solutions corresponding to different motions with technical relevance.Some special cases are investigated under the effects of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion.Unsteady motion of second grade fluids induced by an infinite plate that applies a time-dependent shear stress f(t) to the fluid is also studied.General solutions may be reduced to new solutions of Newtonian fluids or they may be used to obtain known solutions from the literature. Furthermore, in view of an important remark, general solutions for the flow due to a moving plate may be developed.We have also studied the Couette flows of a Maxwell fluid caused by the bottom plate applying shear stress on the fluid. Exact expressions for velocity and shear stress corresponding to the fluid motion are determined using the Laplace transform. Two particular cases with constant shear stress on the bottom plate or sinusoidal oscillations of the wall shear stress are further discussed. Some important characteristics of fluid motion are highlighted through graphs.The unsteady motion of an Oldroyd-B fluid over an infinite flat plate is studied by means of the Laplace and Fourier transforms. After time t = 0, the plate applies cosine/sine oscillating shear stress to the fluid.The solutions obtained are presented as a sum of steady-state and transient solutions, which may easily be reduced to the similar solutions corresponding to Newtonian or Maxwell fluids. A central issue namely, obtaining the time for which the steady-state is reached is address by means of numerical calculations and graphical illustrations.The influence of oscillations frequency or of material parameters on this time corresponding to the steady-state is also analyzed. It is lower for cosine oscillations in comparison to sine oscillations of the shear, decreases with respect to u and e and increases with regard to er.

Topic: Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Optimal Allocation Policy of IBM 3330 Single Density Disk Devices.

As a data processing department grows and Its use of direct access storage devices Increases, It becomes necessary to efficiently allocate and manage secondary storage. On the IBM 370 computer, tvo allocation techniques are usually employed. These are cylinder and track allocation. As data acts (flics) are created and deleted, some degree of pack fragmentation Is unavoidable. The problem with pack fragmentation Is that It can become so severe that data set allocation is Impossible. One possible solution is to reorganize (compress) the pack; i.e. move data sets so as to increase the amount of contiguous free spaces. Most reorganiratlon requires exclusive control of the computer. Depending on the frequency of this reorganization, it can be very time consuming and more importantly, It can be very costly. A simulation model is built to examine the tvo above mentioned techniques. The main emphasis Is on the comparison of cylinder allocation and track allocation. The model uses GASP II to simulate an IBM 370/165 with 3330 MOD 1 type disk drives. Statistics are collected from the Systems Management Facility (SMF) of the OS/MVT operating system. Every tine a flic, which van opened for output, la closed a type 15 record la urltten by SMF. Thlo record Includes such information as flic creation time, sire, and data act charactcrlstlea. With the collection of thcoc records It In possible to determine needed simulation statistics. Inter arrival tines and average file size can be calculated. There are also type 17 SMF records written every tine a flic Is scratched. The scratch records, In combination with the type 15 records, provide the average life of a flic. These three statistics (arrival time, size, and flic life) are needed to build the disk allocation model. Several considerations were designed Into the model. While most computer Installations with disk secondary storage devices have several modules on line at one time, this simulation model will examine only one IBM 3330 MOD 1 pack. Also, statistics were calculated with SMF records collected betveen the times of 08:00 and 16:00. If not restricted to one pack and this tine period, the model would have become too large and unmanagablo. The operating system to be simulated is 0S/MVT 21.8A and the allocation algorithm uses the fix fit technique. All files are allocated as contiguous, one extent, physical sequential data sets. The results of the Investigation show that cylinder allocation techniques yield less pack fragmentation. This type of allocation does, however, have a greater potential for wasting space on the disk pack.

Topic: Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efficient Crack Detection Method for Tunnel Lining Surface Cracks Based on Infrared Images

The detection of tunnel lining cracks is a very key procedure in the inspection of tunnels. Traditional image-processing approaches are commonly based on the characteristic that the grayscale value of the crack is a local minimum. However, issues such as low contrast, uneven illumination, and severe noise pollution generally exist in a tunnel lining image. Hence, the traditional image-processing method cannot effectively detect cracks on the tunnel lining surface. This paper presents a three-step method to identify and extract cracks from infrared images of tunnel lining. First, the image is preprocessed in the frequency domain. Second, the conditional texture anisotropy of each pixel is computed in an image subblock, and the optimum threshold is obtained with an iteration method. Thus, the cracks in the image subblock are determined according to the threshold. Finally, the cracks in each subregion are connected. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect tunnel lining surface cracks.

Topic: Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Vision-Based Tactile Sensing System for Multimodal Contact Information Perception via Neural Network

Typically, robotic dexterous hands are equipped with various sensors to acquire multimodal tactile information, which is an important way for robots to perceive and interact with the environment.Vision-based tactile sensors have been widely developed due to their simple structure and high resolution.It adopts specialized optical design to convert different contact information into different signal responses, such as recognizing contact force information based on marking method, obtaining contact shape information based on photometric stereo method, and so on.However, the current mainstream vision-based tactile sensing systems tend to adopt isolated optical design strategies for different modal tactile information, introducing limitations in system integration.This article proposes a vision-based tactile sensing strategy for multimodal tactile information using only reflected light field information.The specific implementation of the vision-based tactile sensor and the recognition algorithm for sensing multiple tactile information simultaneously are described in detail.The results show that the tactile sensing strategy does not need to design different optical structures for different modal tactile information, but only uses a simple reflection layer combined with a neural network to sense multi-modal tactile information, which reduces the complexity of the tactile system.In addition, the system achieves a force error of 0.2 N and a pose error of 0.41 °, and shows excellent precision and recall in localization and classification tasks, demonstrating the potential for multimodal tactile integration in various fields.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The protective effect of vaccination against experimental pneumonia in cattle with Haemophilus somnus outer membrane antigens and interference by lipopolysaccharide.

A semi-purified outer membrane anionic antigen (AA) fraction was isolated from Haemophilus somnus by a modified procedure of anion exchange chromatography to yield a protein fraction free of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The AA fraction (1 mg) was administered with or without the homologous lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/kg body weight) as vaccines to groups of cattle twice, three weeks apart. A control group which did not receive any antigen was included in the trial. Six weeks after the first vaccination, the animals were challenged intratracheally with a virulent pneumonic strain of H. somnus (70986) and observed for clinical signs of respiratory disease. The cattle were euthanized six days later and the lungs were evaluated for the severity of lesions macroscopically as well as histopathologically. Vaccination with AA alone provided the best protection against pneumonia as indicated by significantly lower clinical scores, less extensive gross lung lesions and mild histopathological lesions with immune cell infiltration. However, when AA was combined with LPS in the vaccination, this protective effect was negated and the animals showed more detrimental histopathological lesions than the controls.

Topic: Microbial infections and disease research
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Baker Floodwater Reservoir Site 8 (NH 00178), NHWRB Number 66.08, Merrimack River Basin, Dorchester, New Hampshire. Phase I Inspection Report.

I 0 '-Baker River Floodwater Reservoir Site 8 is a 1,462 feet," long 62 fot, high earthen structure.There are four different fill zones in the dam including a cutoff wall.Top width of the dam is 14 feet.The upstream and downstream embankments are on a 2 horizontal to 1 vertical slope.Appurtenant structures consist of a principal spillway, .Saint Anthony's *.[ Falls (SAF) type stilling basin and an emexq ency spillway.-The principal spillway has two inlets-low stage crifice and a high stage, covered top-sp-i-iway.The inlets discharge [ through a riser to a 5.footdiameter concrete pipe.There is a 30 inch diameter -gated pond drain.The dam construction -.was completed in September of 1968.Plans, design calculations, and construction data were prepared by the Soil Conservation Service and are available for inspection.

Topic: Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Analysis for detection characteristics of an unmodulated alarm system&lt;/title&gt;

The unmodulation alarm system consists of a receptive device, sensor and an information processing unit, etc. The output noise of the system obeys generally Gauss- distribution. This paper derives the relation between the detection probability and the parameters of the system, designed correlative program using basic language, it is operated by the computer, and we discuss the relation curve between them.

Topic: Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences