jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An application of <sup><i>n</i></sup><i>J</i>(<i>CH</i><sub>2</sub>,<i>H</i>) and <sup>5</sup><i>J</i>(<i>OH,H</i>) long‐range couplings in the conformational analysis of 2‐hydroxybenzyl methyl ether in various solvents. Computational strategies for spectral analysis and determination of association thermodynamic parameters

Abstract 1 H NMF spectra of 2‐hydroxy‐ and 2‐methoxy‐benzyl methy1 ethers were measured in various solvents and solvent mixtures. Precise n J ( CH 2 , H ), where n = 4, 5 or 6, and 5 J ( OH,H ) long‐range couplings were applied to the characterization of the conformational behaviour of the systems. Qualitatively, the compounds appear to exist in two Principal conformations: in a closed syn with an internal hydrogen‐bonded form, and/or in an open anti conformation with the CH 2 OR group tilting fairly freely in the benzene plane. The open form is favoured in acetone and dioxane. The computational strategies used in the spectral analysis of the long‐range couplings and in the analysis of the solvent‐solute association equilibria are described.

Topic: Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Regulation of Cytoskeletal Remodeling Proteins in the Ventral Tegmental Area by Morphine, Stress, and TORC2

Drug addiction and depression are two co‐morbid diseases that have a substantial burden on society. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the reward circuit could underlie both disorders. In support of this, chronic morphine and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) have been shown to induce similar changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neuronal morphology. Specifically, our previous work demonstrated a morphine‐induced decrease in VTA DA size that was mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) signaling‐dependent. Similarly, preliminary evidence from our lab suggests that mice that are susceptible to CSDS also have a decrease in VTA DA soma size. Our current objective is to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these morphological changes. Given our data that morphine‐induced changes in VTA DA soma size are TORC2‐dependent and recent evidence that TORC2 signaling modulates cytoskeletal remodeling in the hippocampus, we hypothesize morphine and stress may alter the actin cytoskeleton in VTA DA neurons through alteration of TORC2 activity. We completed western blot analyses on micro‐dissected VTA tissue from mice exposed to chronic morphine or CSDS and found a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of cofilin, a protein involved in severing actin filaments. We are now examining molecules upstream of cofilin, such as Rac1 and p‐21 activated kinase (PAK) to determine if exposure to chronic morphine or stress similarly alters activity of these proteins. Additionally, to further investigate the potential role of TORC2 on mediating changes in the actin cytoskeleton, we are performing western blot analysis using VTA tissue from mice that either overexpress or knockout Rictor, a critical component of TORC2. Overall, our goal is to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in VTA structural plasticity in the hopes of identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in addiction and depression. Support or Funding Information PhRMA Foundation Pre‐Doctoral Fellowship in Pharmacology/Toxicology (SK) Integrative Pharmacological Sciences Training Program: T32 GM092715 (SK) NIDA: R01 DA039895‐01A1 (MMR) NIDA: R03 DA037426 (MMR) PhRMA Foundation Research Starter Grant (MMR)

Topic: Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
[Clinical significance of lymphadenopathy in the upper abdomen; ultrasound demonstration].

Little attention has been paid to the ultrasound differentiation of benign abdominal lymphadenopathy from the malignant type. We reviewed 133 ultrasound examinations of 116 patients with lymphadenopathy seen over the upper abdomen and high retroperitoneum to clarify the differences in ultrasound findings of enlarged lymph nodes caused by benign and malignant abdominal diseases. The location, number, internal texture, size, length/thickness ratio of the lymph nodes, and relation with hepatitis virus infection were evaluated. Among 75 patients with benign diseases, 63 patients showed liver dysfunction and 42/65 (65%) showed positive hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab). Enlarged lymph nodes were seen over the common hepatic artery or hepatoduodenal ligament in 84%. Most patients had fewer than 4 enlarged nodes, and 46 patients had a single enlarged node. The length/thickness ratio of nodules was more than 2.5 in 63%. In 41 patients with malignant diseases, enlarged lymph nodes tended to be more widespread in location, larger in number, and smaller in length/thickness ratio than those of benign diseases. Lymphadenopathy over the common hepatic artery or hepatoduodenal ligament may suggest the presence of chronic active hepatitis, especially relating to HCV infection, even though hepatic sonotexture is normal on ultrasound examination.

Topic: Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Eco-trackers as an effective tool for the development of eco-friendly habits in school students

Экологические проблемы с каждым годом становятся более значимыми. Каждый человек должен понимать, что эти проблемы касаются его лично. Для формирования эко-привычек можно использовать удобные приложения для телефона — экотрекеры. Они помогают понять, что значит жить экологично, отследить свои успехи на этом пути. Использование метода интервью показало, что мои сверстники и педагоги не знали о существовании таких приложений как экотрекеры, но высказали готовность их использовать. Большинство респондентов хотели бы сформировать у себя привычки по экономии электроэнергии и воды. Но не все экотрекеры можно использовать в школе, поэтому я разработал приложение для персонального компьютера «Школьный экотрекер», которое адресовано школьникам и направлено на формирование у них простейших эко-привычек. В период с февраля по май 2022 года я провел интервью и онлайн-анкету, по итогам которых установил, что «Школьный экотрекер» является востребованной программой для работы в школьном классе. Онлайн опрос учеников и учителей показал, что школьный экотрекер должен помогать формировать экологические привычки, содержать экологические советы, знакомить с правилами экологичного поведения и с эко-праздниками. Также были высказаны предложения включить в экотрекер информацию об экологических играх и интересные факты про экологию. «Школьный экотрекер» содержит экологический журнал, в котором учащиеся с помощью педагога фиксируют экологические действия, а потом отмечают их выполнение. В моем приложении есть рубрика «Эко-челлендж», выполнение заданий которой даст возможность учащимся расширить свой экологический кругозор, освоить простейшие экологические правила.

Topic: Educational Methods and Impacts
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The effects of teacher proximity on student performance during testing

The primary focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teacher proximity to second grade students in testing situations. Seventy-eight students and three educators agreed to participate in this study. The children were taught material that was age appropriate and assessed weekly. After the assessments were completed, data was collected and results were analyzed. Students' performance was examined both as individuals and pooled as groups to come up with a set of findings. The findings indicated students' overall perform was better when given an assessment while in close proximity to an adult. Findings also indicated that children with attention problems have more success when in close proximity to an adult than when placed in a large whole group setting.

Topic: Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Visceral Lesions in Wild Carnivores Naturally Infected with <i>Spirocerca lupi</i>

Aortic lesions pathognomonic for Spirocerca lupi were found in 123 of 150 (82%) coyotes. Canis latrans. 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats. Felis rufus, one of five gray foxes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus and one of two red foxes. Vulpes vulpes, examined in West Texas. Adult nematodes in the esophagus were recovered from 11 of 150 (7%) coyotes. In the aorta there was initially an acute inflammatory response followed by an eosinophilic granuloma surrounding larval nematodes. The principal lesion was scarring of the aorta with replacement of clastic tissue with collagen. There was blockage of the intervertebral arteries, pitting and formation of granulomatous nodules on the intimal surface and scarring with diverticula and aneurysms in affected animals. The response to adult nematodes in the esophagus was usually a small eosinophilic granuloma surrounding the worms. There was no evidence of esophageal sarcoma or spondylosis deformans of thoracic vertebrae as reported in the dog.

Topic: Veterinary Oncology Research
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Batch and Fed-Batch Production of Betalains by Red Beet (Beta vulgaris) Hairy Roots in a Bubble Column Reactor

Hairy root cultures from red beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which could be used for the commercial production of biologically active betalain pigments, were cultivated in a 3 L bubble column bioreactor in batch mode with various rates of air supply. Both the growth of the roots and betalain volumetric yields were highest (12.7 g accumulated dry biomass/L and 330.5 mg/ L, respectively) with a 10 L/h (0.083 vvm) air supply. The air flow rate also influenced the betacyanins/betaxanthins ratios in the cultures. Growth and betalains production were then examined in two fed-batch regimes (with a 10 L/h air supply), in which nutrient medium was fed just once or on five occasions, designated FBI and FBII, respectively. The root mass accumulation was increased in the FBI feeding regime (to 13.3 g accumulated dry biomass/ L), while in FBII the betalains content was ca. 11% higher (15.1 mg betacyanins/g dry weight and 14.0 mg betaxanthins/g dry weight) than in the most productive batch regime. Data on the time course of the utilization of major components in the medium during both operational modes were also collected. The implications of the information acquired are discussed, and the performance of the hairy roots (in terms of both growth and betalains production) in the bubble column reactor and previously investigated cultivation systems is compared.

Topic: Botanical Research and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Management Of Banking System Liquidity In The Czech Republic

Implementation of monetary policy assumes that monetary policy instruments stabilize O/N interest rates to the proximity of main policy rate to achieve monetary targets. The function of stabilizing mechanism is based on simple rule that the volume of liquidity in the banking system is held in line with the demand of banks for reserves. In this paper main factors of banking system liquidity are analyzed in the context of bank’s imperfect intertemporal substitution of reserves and with respect to predictibility of O/N interest rates volatility. Analysis of O/N PRIBOR and CZEONIA reference interest rates prove Czech National Bank’s ability to stabilise O/N interest rates disregard overall excess liquidity in the banking system. It also identified structural changes acting in the money market like reduced instability of demand for reserve and decreased volatility of O/N interest rates due to intdroduction of credit facility or increased volatility of the spread between O/N interest rates and repo rate due to reduction of frequency of repo tenders. Rapid increase in the volatility of differences between OMO target and bank’s supply of excess reserves is also resulting in the weakening of a direct relationship between O/N PRIBOR dynamics and repo tenders.

Topic: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Propaganda in North Korea

This study investigates the use of art, propaganda posters in specific, and how it is used as a political gateway by the North Korean government to inspire and influence the population to whom it is exposed, in a particular way. It attempts to examine the background of propaganda, from a historical, social, sociological and psychological vantage point and thus analyze three different posters, each representing the main aspects of the political ideology, Juche. By utilizing a semiotic approach along with a 10-step analysis method developed specifically for propaganda, the main elements of the propaganda posters are disclosed, such as influential color schemes, gender roles and gender representation, as well as the presumed target audience and source of the propaganda. The prominent linguistic aspects are also taken into account. Having already taken into account the notion of intention and interpretation, an assumption on the wanted outcome of the propaganda is executed. 
The study furthermore deals with the psychological causes and influences, which are inevitably influencing the population of North Korea. By using the Milgram experiment the underlying social and psychological implications are addressed. The historical, political and social dynamics are used in order to establish how the propaganda is influenced and created.
Lastly, the study will discuss the notion of Western propaganda, thus comparing it to the previously analyzed North Korean poster (along with North Korean propaganda in general) and debate whether or not it is justifiable to examine North Korean propaganda from a Western perspective.

Topic: Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Data fusion for object classification

Consideration is given to methods for integrating information from sensors with different modalities in order to give more accurate classifications. An examination is made of principled methods for structuring classifier modules and combining them into complete systems. The consequences of using particular mechanisms for the component transformations are analyzed and some illustrations are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Symbiotic Characteristics of Rhizobium trifolii from Israel in Association with 10 Species of Tvifolium

The symbiotic properties of 25 isolates of Rhizobiunt trifolii were tested in bacteriologically controlled culture with populations of 10 Trifolium species. The rhizobia had been isolated from nodules of the same 10 populations grown on three soil types occurring in Israel. All host plant x R. trifolii isolates formed nodules, but the symbiotic effectiveness varied greatly. Twenty-one isolates formed at least one highly effectivc symbiotic combination and the two best isolates each formed four. On the basis of similar symbiotic behaviour, the 25 isolates fell into not less than 10 distinct groups. Some degree of strain specificity in effectiveness of nitrogen fixation existed in all species except T. repens. Bacterial associations with T. batmanicurn, T. pauciflouum, and T. spumosum were highly specific. Over all isolates, T. alexandrinurn was more effective in symbiosis than other species. T. repens performed poorly. T. echinatum, T. alexandrinum, and T. spurnosum were similar in their patterns of symbiotic response, and so were T. pauciflorurn, T. glomeratum, and T. brachycalycinum. Howeker, host groupings were less well defined than R. trifolii isolatc groupings. Some confirmation was obtained of earlier reports that, in the presence of a heterogeneous soil population of R. trifolii, a clover plant tends to be nodulated by the more effective strains. A negative correlation was found between the mean effectiveness of rhizobia isolated from a particular species and the mean response of that species to all of the isolates.

Topic: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
A Two-Step Reaction Sequence for the Syntheses of Tetrahydronaphthalenes

[Reaction: see text] A cobalt(I)-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction of a boron-functionalized enyne is the key step in a two-step reaction cascade interconnecting four simple starting materials to obtain polycyclic multifunctionalized products in good yields and with a very high degree of diastereoselectivity.

Topic: Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the ecology of the species of the genus Hylotelephium H. Ohba promising for city phytodesign in the south Urals

The two-factor variance analysis revealed the statistically significant influence of the conditions of habitat and weather in the year of study on the majority of morphometric parameters of vegetative and generative sphere of four natural cenopopulations of Hylotelephium stepposum (Boriss.) Tzvel. and three cenopopulations of H. triphyllum (Haw.) Holub.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Mere Duplication or Original? ISIS Ability to Adapt Propaganda to Different Target Audiences

ISIS’s ability to recruit new members and spread its message has been widely attributed to its prolific production of propaganda items and its ability to adapt its message based on target audience. We tested these two hypotheses by analysing magazines published by ISIS central media in three languages (English [Dabiq] , Turkish [Konstantiniyye] and French[Dar al-Islam]) in two one-month periods in 2015 and 2016. To see how far the terrorist organization could generate original content in different languages instead of translations, we conceived a pre-trained deep learning model that measured similarity between articles in magazines, leveraging a sentence-based approach. In order to test ISIS ability to adjust message based on target audience, we further conducted qualitative content analysis. Our deep learning model test results showed, except for re-publication of one article in the second period, ISIS was in fact able to publish discrete propaganda items. The results of the qualitative content analysis showed ISIS was successful in differentiating thematic coverage of its propaganda content for English-, French-, and Turkish-speaking audience.

Topic: Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
[The Expression and Function of NK Cells in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

Compared with CD56<sup>dim</sup>NK, the ratio of CD56<sup>hi</sup>NK and the expression of functional markers in AML patients are lower. Compared with healthy controls, the number and expression ratio of NK cells in AML patients decrease and the expression of functional markers is abnormal, indicating that its function is impaired.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on the reliable data transmission mechanism for SUNA

Service Unit based Network Arthitecture(SUNA) uses end-to-end Virtual Circuit (VC) structure to transmit data.In order to guarantee reliable data transmission for SUNA,an improved sliding window protocol was proposed.Colored Petri Net(CPN) was used to verify the dependability and maturity of this mechanism.

Topic: Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Potential Interaction of Ethionamide-Thyroid Hormone Receptor Induces Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common side effect found in patients with multidrug-resistant&#13;\ntuberculosis taking ethionamide. The mechanism of ethionamide-induced hypothyroidism is potentially&#13;\ncaused by the structure of ethionamide compounds chemically similar to thioamide, such as propylthiouracil&#13;\n(C7H8N2S), which inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. However, hypothyroidism is caused not only&#13;\nby a lack of production but also by signaling alteration. Thyroid hormone action is mediated by thyroid&#13;\nhormone receptors (TRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate their target genes.&#13;\nUnfortunately, there are limited studies on the potential interaction of ethionamide with TRs. Objective: In&#13;\nthe present study, we want to elaborate on the potential interaction of ethionamide with TRs which might&#13;\nalter the thyroid hormone genomic regulation. Methods: Molecular docking studies were used to evaluate&#13;\nthe potential interaction between ethionamide with TRα and TRβ. Results: The molecular docking results&#13;\non TRα showed more than one hydrogen bond–steric interaction formed from the ethionamide–amino&#13;\nacid residue interaction. Ethionamide–TRβ interaction showed more than one steric interaction, but the hydrogen bonds are not visualized. The docking score between ethionamide and TRα is −7.373 kcal/ mol and higher than its interaction with TRβ. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ethionamide can interact with TRα and TRβ. However, the ethionamide–TRα interaction is stronger than ethionamide–TRβ&#13;\ninteraction. Our study reports a novel mechanism of action of ethionamide-induced hypothyroidism.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An overview of the Solar Photovoltaic policy in the Region of Madeira

The Region of Madeira, being one of the top locations in Portugal in terms of solar exposition, started to bet on micro and mini production photovoltaic systems at the end of the year of 2008, which, environmentally, resulted in a lower number of carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal plants and, economically, led to the decrease of exterior energy importation. Despite the initial and gradual increase of the investments in these systems, the solar policy has suffered various changes over the past few years by the introduction of new regulations that were responsible for the stagnation of the growth of photovoltaic systems in the Region of Madeira. Taking into account the important role that the solar systems could take on meeting Madeira's goals for renewable energy for 2020, whose deadline is getting closer and have not been achieved yet, the main scope of this paper is to raise awareness about the need for changing the current paradigm of the photovoltaic systems, in order to bring the investment in this field back on track, by identifying the main drawbacks of the current regulation, by demonstrating the environmental and economic benefits of these systems and by studying their performance based on their energy production, which could also help defining the solar policy for the next decades. Overall, it was estimated that the photovoltaic systems in Madeira allowed the emission savings of nearly 22 thousand tons of carbon dioxide as well as the saving of almost 5 million euros from imported fuel, which are relevant values that support the need of adjusting the current instant net-metering regime. Also, the results showed that the places with the best performances are located in the south region of the island and that the efficiency of these installations may rely on the installer company.

Topic: Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences