jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Simple Theory of Trade, Finance and Firm Dynamics

Abstract A stylized monopolistic competition model of international trade is proposed where firms differ with respect to the expected economic lifetime of their innovations. Upon entry, they receive a commonly observed signal which is updated over time. Jointly with partial irreversibility of investment, this generates heterogeneity in effective discount rates and, thus, in the cost of finance. In line with evidence, the model predicts a negative correlation between firms' financing costs and their age. Over a firm's life cycle, per period net profits and the export participation probability grow. Exporters are less likely to exit than purely domestic firms. Belief updating entails excessive financing of incumbents relative to entrants and too much exporting. Asymptotically, trade liberalization reduces overall general equilibrium exit rates, but it does not necessarily increase welfare. With multiple asymmetric export markets, firms gradually expand their market coverage and total sales. A confidence crisis modeled by belief reversion causes an over‐proportional decrease in exports, thereby offering a novel interpretation of the trade slump in 2008/09.

Topic: Global trade and economics
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
CCDC 1411318: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
LHD HDLP #160104.1

Hybrid directional probe (HDLP), a combination use of a Langmuir probe and a thermocouple for calorimeter, which can measure local current flux and heat flux simultaneously to estimate the beam component in the direction of parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic field

Topic: Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Poetry and Censorship in Counter-Reformation Italy

Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Document Finding List 1 Control of Literature as a Strategy of Catholic Reformation Motives and Modes of Influence 2 Approaching Censorial Reading 2.1 The Virgin Text 2.2 Who is the Author of a Sinful Text? 2.3 The Author in Censorship Practice 2.4 Tracing the Imagined Reader 3 Mechanisms of the Roman Index 3.1 The Libri-Omnes-Principle 3.2 On the Censorship of Literary Genres 3.3 Manipulation of 'Stylistic' Modes of Writing? 3.4 Reflections on Criteria of the Inquisitio of Text 4 Censures of the Marvellous 4.1 A Prohibition of Wonders? 4.2 The Marvellous, Characters and Action 4.2.1 Human Characters and Animals with Supernatural Powers 4.2.2 Supernatural Beings 4.2.3 Objects and Places 4.3 Marvel and Fate 4.4 Censorship and Guided Reading 4.5 Shaping Narrative Structures - On the Fantastic 5 Censures of Love 5.1 On Freedom and 'Reality' of the Word 5.2 Forbidden Goddesses 5.3 Disillusioning the Lover 5.4 Intimacy Locked Away: Trimming Literary Genres 6 Censoring Laughter 6.1 Sensitivity for Verbal Expression 6.2 Privileged Treatment and National Sentiment 6.3 Hidden Danger in Comic Poetry 7 Self-Censorship and Poetic Counter-Strategies 7.1 Between Publication and Censorship 7.2 A Poetic Apology of Love Lyrics? 7.2.1 Embedding the Story and Defining Love 7.2.2 Love and Freedom 7.2.3 Contemplation and Enlightenment 7.2.4 Self-Reflection and Anticipated Conversion 7.2.5 Martyrdom and Deification 7.2.6 An Attempt to Speak of Two Loves at the Same Time 7.2.7 A New Way of Contemplation and an Untypical End 7.3 A New Book Project or Censorship? Conclusion Appendices Editorial Notes Documents 1: Cases and Judgements Documents 2: Relating Documents Bibliography Index of Names

Topic: Renaissance and Early Modern Studies
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Why Yet Another Conference on Freud and Jung?

Abstract The relationship between Freud and Jung has been a source of tension and rivalry for the past hundred years. The conflicts between the two men have continued into the two fields of psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. The recent publication of The Red Book has supplied us with new insights about Jung’s “confrontation with the unconscious.” It demonstrates how Jung moved from Freudian psychoanalysis to develop his own psychology, which he called “analytical psychology.” Out of his “confrontation with the unconscious,” he developed the theory of the archetypes, the collective unconscious, individuation, and active imagination to access the images of the unconscious. In the light of this new material, it is important to reassess where the field of depth psychology is today.

Topic: Jungian Analytical Psychology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Two New Species of <i>Polygala</i> (Polygalaceae) Endemic to the Phytogeographic Province of La Payunia, in Argentina

Abstract— Two new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from the phytogeographic province of La Payunia are reported: Polygala payuniensis , endemic to northern Neuquén and southern Mendoza provinces, Argentina; and Polygala nevadensis , endemic to Sierra del Nevado in Mendoza province, Argentina. The new species are described in detail, illustrated, and their informal conservation status calculated. A distribution map and photos of the dissected structures are provided for both species as well as photos of the living plant and the environment for P. payuniensis . Also, an updated key to the species of Polygala Sect. Clincinia is provided.

Topic: Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Probabilistic checking of proofs and hardness of approximation problems

This dissertation establishes a surprising new characterization of NP, the class of languages for which membership proofs can be checked in polynomial time deterministically. The class NP is exactly the set of languages for which membership proofs can be checked by a probabilistic polynomial time verifier that examines a constant number of bits in the proof, and uses O(log n) random bits, where n is the size of the input.
This characterization of NP underlies new results on the hardness of approximating a host of optimization problems. Among the problems proved hard to approximate are classical optimization problems such as Clique, Independent Set, Max-Sat, Vertex Cover, every MAX-SNP-hard problem, Nearest Lattice Vector, Nearest Codeword, and Shortest Lattice Vector (only the version using the $\ell\sb\infty$ norm).
We also include a survey of related results in these areas.

Topic: Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Towards an Operational Semantics for a Parallel Non-strict Functional Language

. Parallel programs must describe both computation and coordination, i.e. what to compute and how to organize the computation. In functional languages equational reasoning is often used to reason about computation. In contrast, there have been many different coordination constructs for functional languages, and far less work on reasoning about coordination. We present an initial semantics for GpH, a small extension of the Haskell language, that allows us to reason about coordination. In particular we can reason about work, average parallelism and runtime. The semantics captures the notions of limited (physical) resources, the preservation of sharing, and speculative evaluation. We show a consistency result with Launchbury&amp;apos;s well-known lazy semantics. 1 Introduction One of the advantages of declarative languages is that it is relatively easy to reason about the values computed by programs, this being attributable to their preservation of referential transparency. Indeed, within the fun...

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Solution to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem on R4

I present a rigorous analytical solution to the Yang-Mills mass gapproblem on R4 by employing non-perturbative techniques, heat kernelmethods, and Ward identities. The existence of a mass gap ∆ &amp;gt; 0 isproved, and a mass gap formula ∆ = Ce−A/g2 relating ∆ to the gaugecoupling g is derived. The solution adheres to the criteria set by the ClayMathematics Institute and addresses the points raised by Michael Peskin.

Topic: Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Violent Non-State Actors in World Politics

The 2008 attacks on Mumbai were carried out by a Pakistani militant group known as Lashkar i-Taiba, termed a by Pakistan's president, Asif Zardari. In most cases, violent non-state actors (VNSAs) rise as a state fails, resorting to brutally effective, organized attacks to advance political aims and other goals. Currently operating in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Somalia, and Sudan, VNSAs can take the form of national liberation movements confronting an occupying force, insurgents engaged in protracted political and military struggles that chip away at a government's legitimacy, terrorists who threaten violence to effect political change, irregular yet recognizable armed forces working within an ungoverned area or failing state, and mercenary militias, such as those used by Shell or army-loaded units operating in the Niger Delta. The essays in this volume map follow the political, economic, and social processes behind the emergence of VNSAs and the way in which they manipulate crises. Contributors isolate the point at which violence becomes desirable to the non-state actor and explore how this change alters the relationship between VNSAs and the state, and they track the influence of VNSAs on the rebuilding of the very governments they tear down. One of the first resources to describe these groups in depth, this volume decodes the internal structure of VNSAs, their recruitment strategies and ideologies, their characteristics and partnerships, and their fundamental similarities and differences.

Topic: Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Importance of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Utilization in Francisella Intracellular Adaptation

ABSTRACT Intracellular bacterial pathogens have adapted their metabolism to optimally utilize the nutrients available in infected host cells. We recently reported the identification of an asparagine transporter required specifically for cytosolic multiplication of Francisella . In the present work, we characterized a new member of the major super family (MSF) of transporters, involved in isoleucine uptake. We show that this transporter (here designated IleP) plays a critical role in intracellular metabolic adaptation of Francisella . Inactivation of IleP severely impaired intracellular F. tularensis subsp. novicida multiplication in all cell types tested and reduced bacterial virulence in the mouse model. To further establish the importance of the ileP gene in F. tularensis pathogenesis, we constructed a chromosomal deletion mutant of ileP (Δ FTL _ 1803 ) in the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (LVS). Inactivation of IleP in the F. tularensis LVS provoked comparable intracellular growth defects, confirming the critical role of this transporter in isoleucine uptake. The data presented establish, for the first time, the importance of isoleucine utilization for efficient phagosomal escape and cytosolic multiplication of Francisella and suggest that virulent F. tularensis subspecies have lost their branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathways and rely exclusively on dedicated uptake systems. This loss of function is likely to reflect an evolution toward a predominantly intracellular life style of the pathogen. Amino acid transporters should be thus considered major players in the adaptation of intracellular pathogens.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Deoxyschizandrin improved the absorption of P-glycosprotein (P-gp) Substrate Drugs in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

eoxyschizandrin improved the absorption of P-glycosprotein (P-gp) Substrate Drugs in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Topic: Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LHD nbpwr_tot_temporal #174803.1 (analyzed)

Sum of NBI port-through powers tangentially injected beam (NBI#1, NBI#2, NBI#3) and perpendicularly injected beam (NBI#4, NBI#5).

Topic: Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristic of the Three Pig Keeping Systems on Performance of Small-Scale Pig Farmers at Manokwari, West Papua

Pig keeping systems consisted of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems were studied to seek its performances on pigs and small-scale pig farmers. From six districts and 15 villages, 50 respondents were chosen. Characteristic of farmers and pig keeping systems were studied. Animal number used were 355 tails for measuring pig variables consisted of body weight, reproduction and herd size. Labor and experience were varied among the three pig keeping systems (P&lt;0.05). Animal herd, farrowing rate, suckling piglet number and its body weight, weaned body weight and adult body weight were differ significantly (P&lt;0.05) particularly on semi-penned pig keeping. Pig production efficiency and pig production productivity used as qualitative characteristic were not drawing animal efficiency and producivity.

Topic: Livestock Farming and Management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Inflammatory Pathways in Coronary Artery Disease: Which Ones to Target for Secondary Prevention?

Coronary artery disease (CAD), the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques on the wall of blood vessels, causes adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary prevention focuses on treating patients with existing plaques to prevent disease progression. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is an independent risk factor that drives disease progression, and targeting inflammation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for secondary prevention. In this review, we highlighted the roles of several inflammatory pathways in rupture and erosion, two major processes through which established plaques lead to adverse cardiovascular events. In the past 15 years, numerous clinical trials have tested the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways, including neutralizing inflammatory cytokines and blocking signaling transduction of the inflammatory pathways. Only colchicine was approved for clinical use in patients with CAD. This is primarily due to the multifaceted roles of inflammatory pathways in disease progression. Commonly used pre-clinical models provided robust information for the onset of early disease but limited understanding of the inflammatory network in established plaques. This review will summarize lessons learned from successful and failed clinical trials to advocate for assessing inflammation in established plaques before designing therapeutics for secondary prevention.

Topic: Inflammasome and immune disorders
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
THE DIVERSITY OF YOUTH REVIEWED

Phil Cohen, Rethinking the Youth Question: Education, Labour and Cultural Studies. London: Macmillan, 1997, £16.99, xi+414 pp. (ISBN 0-333-63148-X).Andy Furlong and Fred Cartmel, Young People and Social Change: Individualisation and Risk in Late Modernity. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997, £45.00 (£14.99 pbk), viii+141 pp. (ISBN 0-335-194-656 hbk, 0-335-19464-8 pbk).H. Decker Scott and Barrick Van Winkle, Life in the Gang: Family, Friends and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, £45.00 (£15.95 pbk), xi+303 pp. (ISBN 0-521-56292-9 hbk, 0-521-56566-9 pbk).John Hagan and Bill McCarthy, Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, £40.00 (£14.95 pbk), xv+299 pp. (ISBN 0-521-49743-4 hbk, 0-521-646-26X pbk).Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Kevin Rathunde and Samuel Whalen (with contribution by Maria Wong), Talented Teenagers: The Roots of Success and Failure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, £14.95, x+307 pp. (ISBN 0-521-57463-3 pbk).Historically there have been continuing concerns about the everyday lives of young people which have been voiced vociferously by the press, politicians and the public alike. These concerns have oscillated along the careöcontrol continuum and reflect both political and personal confusions about the daily lives of young people and how they as both individuals and a group, in turn make sense of the social, political and economic structures created for them by ‘adult’ society. These ‘concerns’ have not always been reflected by academic writing and research, which has struggled over whether ‘youth’ were worthy of special attention in the first place or whether such writing should be integrated into general research and teaching.

Topic: Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Vertebrate Fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA

Abstract Less than 4% of the once extensive Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) ecosystem remains today. Although longleaf pine habitats are recognized for their high species diversity, few published accounts document the vertebrate faunas of remaining tracts. Here we report on the vertebrate species richness of Ichauway, an 11,300-ha property in Baker County, GA. The property includes ca. 7300 ha of longleaf pine with native ground cover, along with more than 30 seasonal wetlands and ca. 45 km of riparian habitat associated with Ichawaynochaway Creek, Big Cypress Creek, and the Flint River. The fauna includes 61 species of fish, 31 amphibians, 53 reptiles, 191 birds, and 41 mammals. Despite the relative isolation of the property from other natural ecosystems, the vertebrate fauna of Ichauway is remarkably diverse and may offer an example of reference conditions to guide restoration of longleaf pine forests, associated seasonal wetlands, and riparian areas elsewhere in the southeastern US.

Topic: Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Taxol-induced polymerization of purified tubulin. Mechanism of action.

Incubation of tubulin with taxol resulted in the assembly of tubulin in the absence of microtubule associated proteins. Optimum assembly occurred at approximately equal concentrations of tubulin and taxol. Both podophyllotoxin and colchicine inhibited the taxol-induced tubulin polymerization. Microtubules formed with taxol were also resistant to podophyllotoxin-induced depolymerization. The rate of tubulin subunit exchange into taxol-induced microtubules at steady state was 5-fold lower than into microtubule-associated protein (MAP2)-stimulated microtubules. There was a marked difference in the kinetics of tubulin polymerized in the presence of both taxol and MAP2 as compared to that obtained with either of them alone. In binding experiments, no competition was observed between taxol and MAP2 or the anti-tubulin drugs, e.g. colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine.

Topic: Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Disruption of Active Trans-Sialidase Genes Impairs Egress from Mammalian Host Cells and Generates Highly Attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects approximately 6 to 8 million people and for which there is no effective treatment or vaccine. The parasite expresses a family of surface proteins, named trans-sialidases, responsible for transferring sialic acid from host glycoconjugates to parasite mucins.

Topic: Trypanosoma species research and implications
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On the reliability of electronic payment systems

One of the problems facing the builders of the 'Information Superhighway' is how to charge for services. The high costs of billing systems suggest that prepayment mechanisms could play a large part in the solution. Yet how does one go about making an electronic prepayment system (or indeed any kind of payment system) robust? We describe some recent systems engineering experience which may be relevant-the successful introduction of cryptology to protect prepayment electricity meters from token fraud. These meters are used by a number of utilities from Scotland to South Africa, and they present some interesting reliability challenges.

Topic: Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Tower Cab Metrics

This report is part of a continuing effort to develop human factors measures for different operational environments in the Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Control (ATC) system. Previous research at the William J. Hughes Technical Center Research Development and Human Factors Laboratory has focused on measures for the Terminal Radar Approach Control and en route radar environments (e.g., Sollenberger, Stein, &amp; Gromelski, 1997; Vardaman &amp; Stein, 1998). This work focuses on human factors measures for the local and ground controller positions in the Tower Cab environment. We reviewed a number of existing sources of measures that have been used in different ATC environments. The result is a proposed battery of objective and subjective candidate measures for the Tower Cab. In addition, we present an initial effort to develop behavioral rating scales for use by subject matter experts to evaluate performance in the Tower Cab environment. As a whole, these measures provide a broad look at performance for researchers to apply in a simulation environment. This allows for conducting experiments to obtain both baseline and comparison measures for assessing the effects of any proposed changes in technology, automation, or procedures. We must conduct more research to assess the validity and reliability of the proposed measures in the Tower Cab environment through continued usage in simulations. Future research should also develop metrics for the remaining positions in the Tower Cab.

Topic: Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Extensible routers for active networks

This paper describes our effort to build an extensible router in support of active networks. Our work is driven by two goals: (1) supporting the injection of new functionality into a router, and (2) exploiting commercially available hardware. Our approach is a hierarchical architecture, in which packet flows traverse a range of processing/forwarding paths. This paper both presents the architecture, and describes our experiences implementing the architecture across a combination of general-purpose and network processors.

Topic: Software-Defined Networks and 5G
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences