jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early coronary artery atherosclerosis in humans is associated with attenuated coronary retention of klotho

Abstract Background Vascular aging is a key feature of cardiovascular disease. α-klotho (klotho) is a protein inversely associated with aging and may contribute to vascular repair. Lower levels of systemic klotho have been identified in humans with features of early and advanced coronary atherosclerosis. It remains unknown if circulating klotho is present within human coronary circulation and whether cardiovascular klotho retention correlates with atherosclerosis. Purpose The current study aimed to assess the presence of klotho within coronary circulation compared to systemic circulation and hypothesized that net coronary klotho retention is attenuated in patients with early age-related features of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 42 patients that underwent clinically indicated coronary angiogram for chest pain that had no obstructive CAD underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) assessment were retrospectively examined. Virtual histology assessed coronary plaque characteristics. Blood samples simultaneously collected from the proximal aorta and coronary sinus were used for klotho detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The net gradient of klotho across cardiovascular circulation was calculated by multiplying the arteriovenous klotho gradient by basal coronary blood flow. A net positive gradient indicated less cardiovascular klotho retention; a net negative gradient indicated greater cardiovascular klotho retention. Results Overall, participants were age 54±10 years old and 76% were female. There were overall higher levels of klotho within the coronary sinus (median 0.49 ng/mL [0.15; 1.69]) compared to systemic circulation (median 0.30 ng/mL [0.16; 1.14]). Participant groups were determined by those with positive (n = 20) or negative (n = 22) cardiovascular retention of klotho. Both groups were similar in age (56 ±2 vs. 51 ±2 years old, p = 0.080), gender (72% vs. 80% female, p = 0.580), and had similar occurrences of traditional cardiovascular comorbidities. Those with less cardiovascular klotho retention in the coronary vascular bed had significantly greater degree of non-obstructive coronary artery plaque (Gensini score 3.5 vs. 0, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and had higher percent plaque burden (46% [35; 53] vs. 34% [28; 46], p = 0.044) than those with greater cardiovascular klotho retention. Conclusions Patients with early coronary atherosclerosis may be characterized by attenuated retention of klotho within coronary circulation. Moreover, humans appear to have higher circulating klotho in coronary circulation than in systemic circulation. The current study may support a role for mechanism or potential therapeutic target for klotho in coronary atherosclerosis in humans.

Topic: Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Multivariate Analysis Reveals a miRNA Profile Correlated To Karyotype and Outcome In Pediatric B-Cell Precursor ALL

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood cancer and is characterized by the presence of recurring structural genetic alterations that have been associated to clinical response.Recently it has been shown that the deregulation of microRNAs (miRNA), a class of small RNAs that negatively control gene expression, is a common characteristic of hematological malignancies and may be related to the pathogenesis of leukemias. The aim of the current study was to explore which microRNAs are expressed by each subtype of pediatric B-cell precursor ALL and to determine their roles into clinical outcome. We analyzed samples from 94 children diagnosed as B-cell precursor ALL in Italy between 2000 and 2010 that were included in the AIEOP-BFM protocol of treatment. The patients were divided by cytogenetic subgroups of ALL. Cells CD34+ and CD19+ from healthy donors were used as negative controls. The miRNA signature was studied using microchips for miRNA microarray. We first performed a two-class comparison of miRNA expression between leukemic and non-leukemic samples and found 84 miRNAs differently expressed (P&lt;0.01). A multivariate analysis of karyotype showed that 59 of these miRNAs were correlated to leukemia (P&lt;0.01). All major subtypes of precursor B-cell ALL were analyzed: MLL-rearranged (10), TEL-AML1(15), E2A-PBX1(10), BCR-ABL(23), hyperdiploid(17), ‘normal Karyotype’ (19, defined as those not carrying the foregoing cytogenetic aberrations), and also the presence of IKAROS deletions was evaluated. Each subgroup was found to have unique microRNA-signature that differed from each other and from those of healthy hematopoietic cells. Both Kaplan Meier and Cox regression tests were performed to check how many of these miRNAs were correlated to clinic response, based on the induction failure, relapse, and survival. A multivariate analysis revealed that genetic subtypes and poor-responders patients display characteristic miRNA signatures. Specifically the mir-125b, 16-2, 24, 28-5p, 128a, 138-1 and 658 (all P&lt;0.01) came out as independent prognostic factors predictive of event-free survival (EFS). IKAROS deletions did not come out as an independent prognostic factor, probably for being already associated to Ph+ and “BCR-ABL like” patients, who already have a poor prognosis. In addition, our group has previously shown that miR-125b may act as an oncogene and is correlated to a poor response in Ph+ samples, also increasing therapy resistance and leukemia aggressiveness in vivo. Further functional studies are needed to better explain the role of these miRNA and to provide new insights into the biology of pediatric ALL. Disclosures: Garzon: Karyopharm : Research Funding.

Topic: MicroRNA in disease regulation
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[The study of beta-2 adrenergic receptors gene transferred into cardiomyocytes by adenovirus vectors contain different promoter].

The results above demonstrated that human beta(2)-AR gene was expressed in the cardiomyocytes infected by recombinant adenovirus contain cmv or mlc-2v promoter, but both is different.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Salvia officinalis L. extract and its new food antioxidant formulations induce apoptosis through mitochondrial/ caspase pathway in leukemia L1210 cells

ABSTRACT Salvia officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in the area of human health and in the foodprocessing industry. Salvia and its extracts are known to be a rich source of antioxidants. As shown previously, the crude ethanolic extract of salvia (SE) exerts lower anti-oxidative properties in lard compared to the new salvia food formulations No. 1 (SF1; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Dimodan S-T) and No. 2 (SF2; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Topcithin 50). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of the SE and its food formulations SF1 and SF2 on the toxicity and/or proliferation of L1210 leukemia cells. We found that SE and both SF1 and SF2 demonstrated different concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic/antiproliferative cellular effects already within the first 24 h of the treatment. However, SE was nearly 10 times more effective than the new salvia food formulations SF1 and SF2. We investigated partially also the molecular mechanisms lying behind the action of SE, SF1 and SF2 induced apoptosis in our cell model. We found an apparent involvement of the mitochondrial/caspase-dependent pathway in the described processes. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed before salvia extract and its new antioxidant formulations can be included among the potential food antioxidants with protective properties against cancer.

Topic: Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
<i>Sub umbra Sibelii</i>: Sibelius and his successors

It is difficult to establish who was the first to mention ‘Sibelius's shadow’. The idea pops up in the 1920s at the latest. In an essay on ‘the youngest Finnish music’ from 1928, the composer Ernest Pingoud (1887–1942) refers to the ‘reappraisal of certain values’ during the First World War, notably to the ‘bankruptcy of Romanticism’ in the field of aesthetics.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Developmental co-ordination disorder in pre-school children : Effects of motor skill intervention, parents' descriptions, and short-term follow-up of motor status

This investigation was undertaken to examine effects of motor skill intervention in children with motor difficulties consistent with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) diagnosed in child health care before school entrance, to analyse the parents' descriptions of their children, and to follow up the children's motor status in a short-term perspective. Thirteen studies on the effects of motor skill intervention were submitted to a meta-analysis (Study I). Thirty-seven children who at age 5 to 6 years were diagnosed as having motor difficulties consistent with DCD were enrolled in an experimental investigation of effects of group motor skill intervention on motor skills (Study II) and on self-perceived competence (Study III). The parents' descriptions of their children were obtained at an interview (Study IV). The children's motor status was re-examined when they were 7 to 8 years old (Study V). Motor skill intervention, using the Specific Skills approach, in a group setting or in a home programme, 3 to 5 times per week, was found beneficial for children with DCD who were older than 5 years of age. The non-specific group motor skill intervention influenced the number of children with borderline motor difficulties who changed to having no motor difficulties, and seemed to enhance awareness of motor competence. Parents whose children had definite motor difficulties were more inclined to support their children in physical activity, and reported worry and uncertainty. The children had not changed their motor status at the age of 7 to 8 years. The children with definite motor difficulties, in particular, continued to have these difficulties. Children who when 5 to 6 years old have motor difficulties and who score at the 5th percentile or below at the Movement ABC motor test, seem to need active support in joyful motor learning situations to reduce unwillingness and displeasure.

Topic: Children's Physical and Motor Development
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Phylogenetic Placement of Isolates Within the Trans-Eurasian Clade A.Br.008/009 of Bacillus anthracis

The largest phylogenetic lineage known to date of the anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis is the wide-spread, so-called Trans-Eurasian clade systematically categorized as the A.Br.008/009 group sharing two defining canonical single-nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP). In this study, we genome-sequenced a collection of 35 B. anthracis strains of this clade, derived from human infections, animal outbreaks or soil, mostly from European countries isolated between 1936 and 2008. The new data were subjected to comparative chromosomal analysis, together with 75 B. anthracis genomes available in public databases, and the relative placements of these isolates were determined within the global phylogeny of the A.Br.008/009 canSNP group. From this analysis, we have detected 3754 chromosomal SNPs, allowing the assignation of the new chromosomal sequences to established sub-clades, to define new sub-clades, such as two new Spanish, one Bulgarian or one German group(s), or to introduce orphan lineages. SNP-based results were compared with that of a multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). This analysis indicated that MLVA typing might provide additional information in cases when genomics yields identical genotypes or shows only minor differences. Introducing the delayed mismatch amplification assay (DMAA) PCR-analysis, we developed a cost-effective method to interrogate for a set of ten phylogenetically informative SNPs within genomes of A.Br.008/009 canSNP clade strains of B. anthracis. By this approach, additional 32 strains could be assigned to five of ten defined clades.

Topic: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--analysis of 1379 patients].

This paper presents 1379 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital from March 1958 to December 1978. The stage I and II lesions comprised 22% and stage III and IV lesions, 78%. 220 KV X-ray was used before 1960 and 60Co was predominant from 1961 through 1978. The overall 5 year survival rate was 41.4% (571/1379). Young adults and female patients gave better results. The 5 year survival rate was, according to pathological type, 45.1% for poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 13% for adenocarcinoma; according to clinical stage, 85.7% for stage I lesion, 59.5% for stage II, 45.8% and 29.2% for stages III and IV; according to period of treatment, 31.3% in the sixties and 48.6% in the seventies; according to tumor dose at the primary focus, 48.2% for 40-49 Gy, 55.6% for 60-69 Gy and 67.3% for 90 Gy or more; according to with or without prophylactic radiation in the neck region, 53.8% for the former and 23% for the latter. It implies that prophylactic radiation of the neck is necessary regardless of the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis or not. For those who had residual tumor at 70 Gy, the total dose may be boosted to more than 90 Gy with the cone down technic or the dose, at which the primary lesion disappears grossly, is added with 20 Gy. The common complications are radiation myelitis, trismus and otitis media. As in certain patients, the lesion would still recur 5 years after radiotherapy, the authors believe that the nasopharyngeal cancer patients should be followed for ten years at least.

Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
B-Lynch Transverse Compression Suture for PPH Placenta Previa Bleeding

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious condition. Fourteen million cases of PPH occur worldwide each year.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11723

Topic: Maternal and fetal healthcare
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Processing and Use of Satellite Images in Order to Extract Useful Information in Precision Agriculture

Image analysis methods were developed and diversified greatly in recent years due to increasing speed and accuracy in providing information regarding land cover and vegetation in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to process satellite images for monitoring agricultural areas. Satellite images used in this study are medium and high resolution images taken from QuickBird and SPOT systems. Based on these images, a supervised classification was performed of a very large area, having as result the land use classes. Supervised classification can be defined as the ability to group the pixels that compose the satellite image, digitally, in accordance with their real significance. Gaussian algorithm of maximum similarity (Maximum likelihood) was used, referred to in the specialty literature as maximum likelihood method or probabilistic classification, and based on the use of probability theory (function Gaussian) to compare the spectral values of each pixel in hand with statistical " fingerprint "of each area of interest. Practically, conditional probabilities were calculated of belonging to one class or another. The points in the middle of the group have a higher probability of belonging to the certain class, probability intervals (concentric isolines or contours of equal probability) being delimited graphically by izocontours expressing spectral variations within each set of training.

Topic: Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of IOX Objectives-Based Reading Test Collections upon Fifth-Grade Comprehension and Word-Attack Skills

This study compares the effect of the objectives-based test collections of the Instructional Objectives Exchange on reading comprehension and word-attack skills of fifth-grade students in a basal reader program. The IOX, a non-profit educational organization, was established in the late 1960's to provide educators with instructional materials such as criterion-referenced tests to allow realistic assessment of students in reference to specific instructional objectives. IOX Director James Popham states the Exchange's purpose as encouraging educators throughout the country to use criterion-referenced instructional procedures. The study compares gains in reading comprehension and word-attack skills of a research group with the gains of a control group, using the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test for both pre-test and post-test. The IOX criterion-referenced tests were added to the reading program for the research group but were not given the control group.

Topic: Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
DAB<sub>389</sub>IL-2 recombinant fusion toxin effect on lymphocyte- and macrophage-producing cytokine subpopulation cells in experimentally induced demyelinating disease in mice

Our study demonstrates that DAB<sub>389</sub>IL-2 fusion toxin suppresses EAE in a dose-dependent manner, and alters inflammatory cell sub-populations during disease development.

Topic: Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Detection of ocular artifacts in EEG data using the Hurst exponent

The human brain activity is composed of cerebral waves described by values of frequency or amplitudes and many noncerebral potentials. The most common physiological potentials in EEG data are ocular artifacts, i.e. eye blinks. In clinical practice, detection of this noncerebral wave is very important, because of similarity to the brain components associated with some disorders e.g., encephalopathies. In the case of low voltage EEG data, an estimate of some ocular artifacts, in particular eye blinks, seems to be an impossibility. For that reason, the Hurst exponent to the analysis of the eye blink artifacts is proposed. For separation of the EEG signals, the infomax algorithm was used. In order to compare the results of detecting eye blinks, thirty healthy subjects (15 males, 15 females, age range: 20-60 years) and ten patients (5 males, 5 females, age range: 24-63 years) with suboccipital lesions of the cerebellum have been examined. All EEG data have been recorded without using EOG additive channels.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
‘Vilmos’ Peach: A New and Improved “Stay-ripe” Processing Clingstone Peach Ripening in the ‘Andross’ Maturity Season

Additional index words.breeding, fruit, stay-ripe 'Vilmos' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] produces a clingstone fruit with nonmelting flesh and is suitable for processing or fresh market.Fruit can maintain quality and firmness for up to 4 weeks after the initial tree-ripe stage.This ''stay-ripe'' trait allows delayed harvest, including once-over and mechanical harvest when all fruit on the tree have achieved commercial tree-ripe quality.Evaluated as selection UCD-91,9-161, it was derived from a cross between 'Loadel' and breeding selection UCD-F10E,6-27.Ripening time is during the commercially important 'Andross' period, 4 d after 'Fay Elberta'.Long-term commercial evaluations have shown that fruit demonstrated very good harvest, postharvest, and processing quality with low susceptibility to fruit brown rot, pit fragmentation, and associated red anthocyanin staining.Fruit possess good size and color that are similar to the commercially important 'Andross' and 'Ross'.Trees have proven to be consistently productive during more than 14 years of commercial evaluation.Tree form is semi-upright, with vigor and branch architecture similar to those of 'Andross'.Flowers are pink and nonshowy.Leaves are medium to dark green with globose glands.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Brake squeal analysis in time domain using ABAQUS - Finite element simulation of brake squeal for passenger cars

One of the main quality concerns of car manufacturers is brake squeal. There are two CAE (Complex Aided Engineering) method for prediction of brake squeal, CEA (Complex Eigenvalue Analysis) and TDA (Transient Dynamic Analysis). However, CEA method is a quite usual tool to evaluate brake squeal propensity despite its intrinsic overestimation of any system instabilities. In contrast, TDA provides a reduced number of predicted instabilities, but it is too time consuming for complete FE models. The purpose of this thesis is the comparison of TDA with CEA to identify brake squeal frequencies. The finite element model of studied brake system consists of a brake disc, and pair of brake pads (friction material and backplate). Using the CEA method, brake squeal frequencies are identified by coalescence modes and calculation of Negative Damping Ratio (NDR) for various pressure and friction coefficient. As a comparison with CEA, TDA is performed by use of dynamic explicit solver to extract the variation of amplitude at a node on the brake disc friction surface over time. The frequency response function of a node on brake disc can be calculated by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the frequencies correspond to the peaks of frequency response function can be considered as a representative of brake squeal frequency.
The comparison of TDA and CEA reveals that even though five modes are introduced by NDR criteria for brake squeal onset, merely two of them are detected by TDA. Taking account of CEA overestimation about unstable modes, it can be concluded that the frequency response derived from the transient response can be a reliable method to represent the system instability. In addition, regarding TDA results brake squeal might happen in an unstable mode even with low value of real part as well as NDR.
Key words: Brake, squeal, complex eigenvalue analysis, transient Dynamic analysis, stability

Topic: Brake Systems and Friction Analysis
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Deep-tissue optical imaging of decubitus ulcers

Decubitus ulcers are a costly and widespread issue in healthcare today, that result from impaired blood flow in skin and underlying muscle and tissue. To address this need, a point of care multi-wavelength diagnostic imaging system has been developed to monitor hemodynamic processes via use of optical imaging of deep tissue. The resulting measurements demonstrate changes in light-tissue interaction to differentiate healthy and pathologic tissue without disturbing patients in a hospital setting. The identification of light source-detector illumination patterns uniquely map to spatial depths of tissue. The additional time dependent component, allows a novel four-dimensional analysis of tissue. The portable, noninvasive, and non-contact features provide quantitative in-situ measurements.

Topic: Infrared Thermography in Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences