jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A nutrient‐dense, high‐fiber, fruit‐based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2‐wk trial

ABSTRACT Dietary intake modulates disease risk, but little is known how components within food mixtures affect pathophysiology. A low‐calorie, high‐fiber, fruit‐based nutrient‐dense bar of defined composition ( e.g ., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, β‐glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice‐daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c) increased 6.2% ( P =0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL‐L; P &lt;0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% ( P =0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% ( P =0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food‐based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.—Mietus‐Snyder, M. L., Shigenaga, M. K., Suh, J. H., Shenvi, S. V., Lal, A., McHugh, T., Olson, D., Lilienstein, J., Krauss, R. M., Gildengoren, G., McCann, J. C., Ames, B. N. A nutrient‐dense, high‐fiber, fruit‐based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2‐wk trial. FASEB J. 26, 3515–3527 (2012). www.fasebj.org

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
65. In Vivo Efficacy of Human Simulated Minocycline (MIN) against <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> (STM)

Abstract Background The current susceptibility breakpoint for MIN against STM is 4mg/L, yielding &amp;gt;99% of isolates susceptible. Unfortunately, there are limited pre-clinical and clinical data to support this breakpoint for STM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a MIN human simulated regimen (HSR) against STM across a wide range of MICs in the murine neutropenic thigh model. Methods Clinical STM with modal MIN MICS of 0.25-8mg/L were included. Confirmatory pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed in infected neutropenic mice to develop a MIN HSR providing an area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) exposure similar to MIN 100mg intravenous (IV) q12h at steady-state based on PK parameters from critically ill adult patients. The murine neutropenic thigh infection model was utilized to examine the antibacterial effects of the confirmed MIN HSR against 17 STM. Both thighs of neutropenic ICR mice were inoculated with bacterial suspensions of 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Two hours after inoculation, the MIN HSR was administered subcutaneously (SC) over 24h. Control mice received normal saline. Efficacy was measured as the change in log10CFU/thigh at 24h compared with 0h controls. Results MIN 22, 10, 14, and 10mg/kg dosed SC at 0, 6, 12, and 18h best recapitulated the human Cmax and AUC profile. Mean ± standard deviation bacterial burden at 0h across all isolates was 6.03±0.32 log10CFU/thigh. Bacterial growth was 1.35±0.68 log10CFU/thigh in 24h controls. Six of 7 isolates (86%) with MIC ≤ 0.5mg/L achieved 1-log kill with MIN HSR (-1.44±1.37 log10CFU/thigh). All STM with MIC ≥ 1mg/L experienced bacterial growth (1.18±0.79 log10CFU/thigh) (Figure). Figure. Efficacy of a minocycline human simulated exposure of 100mg intravenous Q12h in the murine neutropenic thigh model against 17 clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates Conclusion These data describe the in vivo efficacy of a MIN HSR with exposures similar to MIN 100mg IV q12h in critically ill adults. Lack of antibacterial activity against STM with MICs ≥ 1mg/L justifies a reassessment of the current susceptibility breakpoint. The study was funded under FDA Contract 75F40120C00171. Disclosures David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Abbvie, Cepheid, Merck, Paratek, Pfizer, Wockhardt, Shionogi, Tetraphase (Other Financial or Material Support, I have been a consultant, speakers bureau member, or have received research funding from the above listed companies.) Joseph L. Kuti, PharmD, Allergan (Speaker’s Bureau)BioMérieux (Consultant, Research Grant or Support, Speaker’s Bureau)Contrafect (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK (Consultant)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek (Speaker’s Bureau)Roche Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Summit (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

Topic: Infections and bacterial resistance
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Jennifer Larson, Greek Heroine Cults / Deborah Lyons, Gender and Immortality : Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult

Avant le début des années 1990, les héroïnes étaient souvent considérées comme des versions affadies d’une catégorie générique bien plus glorieuse, celle des héros grecs. A la limite l’héroïsme ne se pensait même pas au féminin. Depuis, deux livres ont corrigé la perspective en faisant valoir l’importance des cultes dirigés vers des personnages féminins tout en tentant de souligner les spécificités de ce type d’héroïsme en Grèce ancienne. En choisissant de travailler sur les héroïnes cultuell...

Topic: Classical Antiquity Studies
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
GEOPOLITICAL TRENDS IN THE NEAR FUTURE: WELCOME TO THE ANTHROPOCENE!

SUMMARY Geopolitics is about how the world is understood politically at the planetary scale. It is simultaneously a term that refers to great power rivalries and the knowledge and representational practices that legitimate that mode of rule. Now in the face of climate change the premises for thinking about human politics have been dramatically changed, even if many political elites and scholars have yet to face up to the changed circumstances for geopolitical thinking and practical matters of ruling a biosphere that is being transformed by human action. Where geopolitics in the past provided the context for thinking about human actions, in coming decades the political decisions that are made will shape that human context fundamentally. Anthropocene thinking changes the parameters of geopolitics, but it remains to be seen whether institutions capable of making intelligent decisions about such matters as whether the planet will have polar ice caps in coming centuries will emerge in the coming decades.

Topic: Environmental, Ecological, and Cultural Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF ASSET PRICING MODELS: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM PERSPECTIVE

This paper studies asset returns adopting an alternative strategy to assess a model's goodness of fit. Based on spectral analysis, this approach considers a model as an approximation to the process generating the observed data, and characterizes the dimensions for which the model provides a good approximation and those for which it does not. Our aim is to offer new evidence regarding the size and the location of approximation errors of a set of stochastic growth models considered to be decisive steps in the progress of the asset pricing research program. Our specific objective is to reevaluate the results of Jermann's (1998) model extending the calculations to the spectral domain. Spectral results are relatively satisfactory: the benchmark model needs very few contributions of approximation errors to account for the empirical equity premium. Second, the location of the approximation errors, when they are substantial, seems to be essentially concentrated at high frequencies.

Topic: Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
ROBUST FLIGHT CONTROL FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH TIME VARYING UNCERTAINTY

This paper presents an alternative techniques for computing linear feedback control law which stablize uncertain linear systems .Specifically, flight control system of aircraft and missiles which contains uncertain parameters.These uncertain parameters may be time varying.Their values, how, ever, are constrained to lie within known compact bounding sets.The main idea involves making Lyapunov derivative negative via a one-dimensional parameter, leading to solve algebraic Riccati equation.Several examples are included to demonstrate the importance of these techniques.

Topic: Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Visualization of microsecond laser ablation of porcine clot and gelatin under a clear liquid&lt;/title&gt;

Laser thrombolysis uses microsecond laser pulses to remove thrombus-blocked arteries in the heart and the brain. Rapidly expanding and collapsing vapor bubbles are formed upon absorption of the laser energy by the thrombus. The goal of this study was to visualize the process of ablation and assess the effects of pulse repetition rate. The differences between contact versus non-contact of the laser delivery device with the thrombus were also investigated. Initial experiments were conducted with a gel-based clot model confined in 3 mm inner diameter silicone tubes. Subsequent experiments used 24 hour old porcine blood clots. Laser pulses of 50 mJ pulse energy were delivered via a quartz fiber contained in a flushing catheter. Pulse repetition rates of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 6 Hz were used. Wavelengths of 506 nm and 577 nm were used to ablate clot. Bubble action was captured by flash photography using a CCD camera and recorded on video. The amount of material removed was measured using a spectrophotometric technique. Bubble action was similar on clot and the clot model. No significant differences in bubble action or mass removal were observed at the three pulse repetition rates and the two wavelengths. Contact between the catheter and the clot did not result in a pistoning effect of the catheter at the pulse energy used.

Topic: Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Impacts of Meteorological Attributes on Agronomic Characteristics of Sunflower Cultivated in the Cerrado

The sunflower has adaptation for cultivation in Brazilian conditions and the main product is the oil extracted from the seeds. This study aimed to verify the impacts of meteorological attributes on agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes cultivated as a second crop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD), cultivating the two sunflower genotypes, M734 and Hélio, in three years (2009, 2011, 2012) with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, capitulum diameter, weight of a thousand achenes, yield of achenes, oil content and oil yield. Then, water deficit and the maximum crop yield are estimated for correlation analysis between meteorological attributes and agronomic characteristics. In both genotypes studied there was a very strong correlation between plant height with evapotranspiration (r=0.99*) and very strong negative correlation (r=-0.99*) with water deficit. For mass of a thousand achenes, there was a very strong negative correlation with the maximum (r=-0.98*) and minimum (r=-0.96*) temperatures, and with evapotranspiration (r=-0.98*) in the Helio 358. In addition, effect of the water deficit on the oil yield (r=-0.98*) was verified for the same genotype. Very strong negative correlation was found between maximum temperature and oil content (r=-0.96*) in genotype M734. In sunflower cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, water deficit reduces plant height, capitulum diameter and oil yield. The oil content of the achenes reduces when the maximum temperature increases, during the cultivation. For those reasons, the use of sunflower genotypes with shorter cycles and the earlier sowing could benefit the crop developing, by suiting the management, to avoid unfavorable climatic conditions that can cause reduction in production parameters.

Topic: Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Nonbinary type-II hybrid ARQ in Rician fading channels

Type-II Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) is extended to the nonbinary case, where shortened half-rate RS code is used in the FEC subsystem instead of binary BCH code. RS code is a powerful burst-error-correction code and has the biggest minimum distance among all the codes with the same code length, thereby providing more flexible adaptation. The throughput, reliability, and delay of nonbinary type-II HARQ with M-ary PSK (MPSK) over Rician fading channel are analyzed. Binary HARQ is analyzed also for comparison. The analytical results show that nonbinary HARQ outperforms its binary counterpart with respect to throughput, reliability, and average delay, when the modulation scheme, and the error-detection and error-correction codes are selected properly. © 2004 IEEE.

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reduction of Carboxylic Acids via O‐Acylisoureas.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
First report of soft rot disease on pak choi (Brassica chinensis) caused by Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae in Malaysia

In June 2012, a soft rot disease of pak choi (Brassica chinensis) was observed in the vegetable-growing region of Cameron Highlands, in the Pahang state of Malaysia. Disease symptoms first appeared as small, water-soaked lesions at the base of petioles. The lesions enlarged rapidly and spread to the leaves, resulting in the collapse of the plant. Diseased samples were randomly collected from 12 infested fields. Soft rot incidence on pak choi varied from 38 to 56% in different commercial fields. The causal pathogen was identified as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae based on morphological, biochemical, genetic (RFLP) and pathogenicity analyses. This is thought to be the first report of soft rot on pak choi caused by D. dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae in Malaysia.

Topic: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pseudopotential-based full zone k.p technique for indirect bandgap semiconductors: Si, Ge, diamond and SiC

The $k \cdot p$ is a versatile technique that describes the semiconductor band structure in the vicinity of the bandgap. The technique can be extended to full Brillouin zone by including more coupled bands into consideration. For completeness, a detailed formulation is provided where the associated $k \cdot p$ parameters are extracted from the local empirical pseudopotential method in the form of band edge energies and generalized momentum matrix elements. We demonstrate the systematic improvement of the technique with the proper choice of the band edge states for the group-IV indirect bandgap semiconductors: Si, Ge, diamond and SiC of the 3C cubic phase. The full zone agreement is observed to span an energy window of more than 20 eV for Si, and 40 eV for the diamond with the 15-band pseudopotential-based $k \cdot p$ approach.

Topic: Ga2O3 and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SH031602.07FU

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.

Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Contribution of Field Education towards Professional Capability

Using qualitative data from recent research conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) this chapter reports on the centrality of field education for developing social work professional capability and readiness to practice among students and newly qualified social workers (NQSW). Internationally, the social work education sector is mindful of ensuring graduates are well equipped to enter the employment sector with pathways for professional accountability and qualification progression. Professional capability frameworks (PCF) have been developed in a range of jurisdictions to enunciate expectations for students, NQSWs and advanced practitioners. Findings from this research attest to the crucial role of field education in the development of professional capabilities yet illustrate there is significant variability in the quality of placement offerings, learning opportunities accessed and the types of support and supervision experienced by students. Not all graduates felt prepared for the transition from student to worker. The quality of the placement learning experienced during training had significant bearing on student and NQSW sense of confidence and readiness to practice and could in some instances impact on life long career choices.

Topic: Social Work Education and Practice
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Additional file 2 of The epidemiological characteristic and trends of burns globally

Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure S2. DALYs of burns. A, the global changing trend in the number of ASDAR by sex from 1990 to 2019. B, a comparison of the ASDAR between 1990 and 2019 at global and different SDI levels. C, distribution of DALYs rate among different age categories in 2019. D, distribution of DALYs rate among different age categories in 1990. E, the range of change in DALYs by sex in 2019 compared to 1990 in 45 GBD regions. F, the range of change in ASDAR by sex in 2019 compared to 1990 in 45 GBD regions. G, the top increased or decreased in DALYs by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. H, the top increased or decreased in ASDAR by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. I, distribution of DALYs among different age categories in 1990. J, the map of DALYs in 2019 among 204 countries and territories. K, the map of ASDAR in 2019 among 204 countries and territories. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index; ASDAR, age-standardized DALYs rate; GBD, Global Burden of Disease.

Topic: Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Conflict and dialogue on filial piety by Confucianism and Catholicism——An exploration on the True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven

In late Ming dynasty,a debate goes on three ways for being unfilial,and the worst for not producing off-spring between Confucianism and Catholicism.In order to conciliate the discrepancy,Matteo Ricci simulates Confucianism and compares the Confucian filial piety to relationship between human and God.In this simulation,infinity disappears between God and man.Catholicism attaches importance to individual salvation while Confucianism blood ties.So it is a dialogue for true meaning according to hermeneutics.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Rural Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white women: effects of abuse on self-concept.

This research arose from clinical practice in a rural Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white community in Southwest Texas. The practice focused on individual and group counseling for these women in abusive relationships. Effects of type of abuse (physical, sexual, psychological) on self-concept were identified. Rural Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white women experiencing sexual abuse versus other forms of abuse were found to have significantly lower perceptions of competency on a multi-dimensional measure of self-concept. Ethnic differences in self-concept were also found between groups of abused, rural Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white women.

Topic: Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Calcinosis Cutis Following Extravasation of Calcium Chloride

A 27-year-old woman with hypoparathyroidism developed multiple firm white-yellow papules along the path of an infiltrated calcium chloride intravenous infusion. A biopsy specimen obtained ten days after the extravasation revealed an urticarial reaction. A subsequent biopsy specimen, obtained 25 days after the extravasation, showed diffuse dermal calcification, confirmed by roentgenographic analysis, with incipient transepidermal elimination. A biopsy specimen obtained 40 days after the extravasation was consistent with an elimination reaction. An increase in mast cells was not noted. Electron microscopy showed mineral deposits along collagen fibrils without significant collagenous degeneration. In this report we describe a complication of intravenous calcium chloride infusion.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences