jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subcortical Centers as Pacemakers of Cortical Activity.

In continuation of a previous investigation1 in which the effect of anoxia and asphyxia on normal and convulsive potentials of the cortex was studied, experiments were undertaken to determine the hypothalamic-cortical relations under these conditions. All experiments were performed on curarized “Dial” cats (intocostrin, artificial respiration) in which after exposure of the brain cortical, hypothalamic, and thalamic potentials were recorded with mono- and bipolar silver electrodes.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Genetic manipulation of rice: from protoplasts to transgenic plants.

Protoplasts are versatile tools for genetic manipulation of plant cells. The ability of genetically modified protoplasts to differentiate into complete plants offers novel experimental systems in various fields of plant biology. Among major graminaceous species (cereals), rice is the only one in which wellestablished protoplast system is available. By using protoplasts as an experimental system, we have obtained and characterized various mutations some of which are being used for breeding new varieties. Somatic hybrids of rice and wild Oryza species were generated and cytoplasmic male sterility of an indica rice was transferred to japonica rice by cell fusion. Most importantly, an efficient method of genetic transformation was developed which opened up a new area of research in rice. Variously modified genes can be now introduced and expressed in transgenic rice and various mutations were generated by introduced transposable elements, Ac/Ds. Initial attempts on genetic engineering of rice has also begun. These suggest that rice can be a model cereal in which genetic as well as reverse-genetic approaches can be taken for various basic and applied studies.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Calibration of non-invasive fluorescence-based sensors for the manual and on-the-go assessment of grapevine vegetative status in the field

[Background and Aims] Optical sensors can accomplish frequent and spatially widespread non-destructive monitoring of plant nutrient status. The main goal was to calibrate a fluorescence sensor, used both manually (MX) and on-the-go (MX), for the assessment of the spatial variability in the vineyard of the concentration of chlorophyll, flavonol and nitrogen in grapevine leaves, against that of a leaf-clip type optical sensor (DX4).

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Pedagogic discourse in theory--practice courses in Media Studies

Journal Article Pedagogic discourse in theory—practice courses in Media Studies Get access Nils Lindahl Elliot Nils Lindahl Elliot Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Screen, Volume 41, Issue 1, Spring 2000, Pages 18–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/41.1.18 Published: 01 March 2000

Topic: Literacy, Media, and Education
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of the Relationship between Chronic Diseases and Grip Strength of the Korean Senior Citizens: Focusing on Hypertension and Diabetes

노인의 근력은 일반적인 건강과 비례하며, 심혈관 질환 유병율 및 사망률과 관계가 매우 높다. 이에 본 연구에서는 만성질환 중 고혈압, 당뇨병을 앓고 있는 한국 노인들의 악력을 비교분석하여, 노인 건강을 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 연구 대상자는 국민건강영양조사에서 심뇌혈관질환이 없는 노인 1,858명(남 843, 여 1,015)을 정상군, 고혈압군, 당뇨군, 복합군으로 분류하였으며, 자료분석은 SAS 9.4를 이용하여 기초통계분석 및 일반선형모형(general linear model)과 Rao-Scott 카이제곱 검정(chi-square test)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 남녀 모두 질환에 따른 체중당 악력이 유의하게 차이가 나타났으며, 군간 차이를 분석한 결과 남자는 건강군>복합군, 고혈압군>복합군, 당뇨군>복합군, 여자는 건강군>당뇨군, 건강군>복합군, 고혈압군>복합군에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 결론적으로 노인의 만성질환은 악력과 관계가 높으며, 고혈압과 당뇨병을 함께 갖는 경우는 악력이 더 낮아짐을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 한국 노인에게 고혈압, 당뇨병과 관련된 건강지표로 악력이 유용하게 사용 될 것으로 생각되며, 노인에게 근력의 중요성을 재확인할 수 있는 기초자료로 도움이 될 것이다.This research aims to provide basic materials for the health of the elderly by conducting a comparative analysis of the grip strength of Korean senior citizens with hypertension and diabetes. A total of 1,858 seniors (male 843, female 1,015) with hypertension or diabetes based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHNES) were compared to the control group. Data analysis employed SAS 9.4, and basic statistical analysis, general linear model (GLM), and the chi-square test were conducted. As a result, both male and female groups had significantly different grip strength according to the disease. Significant differences were found healthy group>complex group, hypertension group>complex group, diabetes group>complex group in male and healthy group>diabetes group, healthy group>complex group, hypertension group >complex group in female (p<.05). In conclusion, it was confirmed that chronic disease of the elderly has a strong relation with grip strength, and the grip strength is lower when hypertension and diabetes are combined. Such a result is thought to be useful for elderly Koreans as a health indicator for hypertension and diabetes, and it will be useful as a basic resource to reconfirm the importance of muscle strength for the elderly.

Topic: Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Nematicons in planar cells subject to the optical Fréedericksz threshold

We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, self-trapping of light beams in nematic liquid crystals arranged so as to exhibit the optical Fréedericksz transition in planar cells. The resulting threshold in the nonlinear reorientational response supports a bistable behavior between diffracting and self-localized beam states, leading to the appearance of a hysteretic loop versus input excitation. Our results confirm the role of nematic liquid crystals in the study of non-perturbative nonlinear photonics.

Topic: Nonlinear Photonic Systems
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
TRPM7: Channeling the Future of Cellular Magnesium Homeostasis?

A recent paper by Schmitz and colleagues provides persuasive evidence that the ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) may be the long-sought regulator of magnesium (Mg) homeostasis in mammalian cells. This finding is not unexpected, because TRPM channels contain a kinase domain that allows them to participate in signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks. However, these studies introduce an exciting new twist into our understanding of Mg homeostasis; TRPM7 facilitates Mg entry into the cell, whereas other putative Mg transporters apparently operate in the opposite direction. By combining electrophysiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches, Schmitz and colleagues characterized most of the key features that demonstrate a well-defined and biologically plausible regulator of Mg homeostasis. TRPM7 genetics are well in hand, its regulation by intracellular free Mg 2+ unravels the mechanisms of regulatory feedback loops, and its kinase domain modulates its sensitivity to free Mg 2+ . These findings are discussed in light of the indirect and descriptive information we had about Mg regulation before this rigorous characterization of TRPM7 brought it to the center of the Mg stage. Although the molecular events downstream of TRPM7 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation await in-depth elucidation, these results open up exciting perspectives in Mg research and may provide a much-needed tool with which to reexamine the role of Mg in cell proliferation and other important pathophysiologic events. Likewise, these findings will offer guidelines for research on disease states that are characterized by Mg imbalance.

Topic: Magnesium in Health and Disease
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
PROVENANCE STUDIES OF ROMAN AFRICAN RED SLIP WARE USING NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

African Red Slip ware (ARS) from Carthage and San Sisto Vecchio (Rome) was analysed by neutron activation analysis. The Carthage tableware was linked with Oudna and the type 1 lamps were probably from a northern ARS/lamp factory other than the sources currently investigated. Two samples were central Tunisian, probably manufactured at El Ala. The San Sisto samples divided into three groups and three outliers of undetermined provenance. Group 1 was central Tunisian, probably from El Ala, and was composed entirely of terra sigillata chiara C forms. Group 2 was of unknown origin within northern Tunisia. Group 3 was the largest subset and most of its constituent samples were associated with El Mahrine. Additionally, four samples were linked with Oudna.

Topic: Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effectiveness of Network Meeting System following Practical Pharmacy Training

We established a network meeting system program and used it to review a prior pharmaceutical practice training session. Pharmacists at Tokai University Hachioji Hospital gave lectures about dispensing and other tasks performed by clinical pharmacists to third-year undergraduate students at Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. After the lectures, discussions were held using the network meeting system, after which a questionnaire was completed by the students. The questionnaire was answered by 530 students, of whom approximately 90% expressed interest in the program, 80% noted approval of the media used in the system, and 94% thought that the program was useful. Thus, we concluded that the students were motivated by the program to remember what they had learned in the lectures. We also found that the quality of data communication had an effect on the interests and motivation of the students. Based on their evaluation of the media, it was considered that improvements in communication regarding the system were necessary, though the evaluation of the utility of the program was not influenced by the quality of data communication. As a result, we concluded that our network meeting system program was useful to review prior learning of pharmaceutical practice.

Topic: Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Selective Recovery Process of Lithium from Seawater Using Integrated Ion Exchange Methods

Abstract Selective recovery of lithium from seawater was conducted by using two successive processes of ion exchange methods. The preliminary concentration process of lithium from seawater, using the benchmark-scale chromatographic operation with a granulated λ-MnO2 adsorbent, showed the recovery efficiency of lithium at ca. 33%. The purification of lithium from concentrated liquor from the benchmark plant was then conducted with a novel separation process which was developed by a combination of ion exchange methods using cation exchange resin and solvent impregnated resin. The purification process of lithium consists of the removal of divalent metal ions in the liquor with strongly acidic cation exchange resin; the removal of Na+ and K+ with the β-diketone/TOPO impregnated resin; and lastly the recovery of Li+ as precipitates of Li2CO3 using (NH4)2CO3 saturated solution. The yield of recovered Li2CO3 with the present recovery process was 56% with more than 99.9% purity.

Topic: Extraction and Separation Processes
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Virus Electrodes for Universal Biodetection

A dense virus layer, readily tailored for recognition of essentially any biomarker, was covalently attached to a gold electrode surface through a self-assembled monolayer. The resistance of this "virus electrode", Z(Re), measured in the frequency range from 2 to 500 kHz in a salt-based pH 7.2 buffer, increased when the phage particles selectively bound either an antibody or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a biomarker for prostate cancer. In contrast to prior results, we show the capacitive impedence of the virus electrode, Z(Im), is both a noisier and a less sensitive indicator of this binding compared to Z(Re). The specificity of antibody and PSMA binding, and the absence of nonspecific binding to the virus electrode, was confirmed using quartz crystal microbalance gravimetry.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Family and Sexuality

In this section, where the concepts are defined, the importance of sexuality in ensuring family integrity is explained. Sexuality is an important and integral part of human life, as well as one of the basic elements that determine the quality of healthy life in our family life. Sexuality is closely related to mental health, with many aspects affecting our physical and emotional health. While discussing the definitions and functions of marriage, many scientists have combined marriage and sexuality in the same definition. The basis of marriage lies in meeting and satisfying the basic needs of men and women. ""Sexual instinct is an interest that biologically ensures the continuation of the species, and socially it is a tendency that directs one person to another."" One of the basic ""biological"" functions of marriage is to ""satisfy the sexual instinct"", where the partners meet each other’s desires in harmony and the sexual instinct is satisfied in a legitimate way. As a result, the need to ""have children, raise them and produce their own generations"" is also met. Individuals’ needs for each other gain a certain meaning when the personalities in the family complement each other. The function of the family that ensures the continuation of the generation began with the existence of humans on earth and will continue as long as humanity exists.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Temporal integration of chromatic double pulses for detection of equal-luminance wavelength changes

Detection probabilities for wavelength changes were measured as functions of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) with the chromatic double-pulse method. Two test stimuli of a wavelength lambda t were successively exchanged with a reference stimulus of a wavelength lambda r in equal luminance for a short duration with a SOA. Durations were 5 and 50 msec, and the SOA varied between 5 or 50 and 2000 msec. Lambda r's were 571 and 518 nm, chosen from wavelengths near unique yellow and unique green so that wavelength difference delta lambda = lambda t - lambda r was perceived mainly as redness and greeness for lambda r = 571 nm and yellowness and blueness for lambda r = 518 nm. The results showed that temporal integration characteristics for these equal-luminance wavelength changes were quite consistent: complete integration with SOA up to 20 msec, partial integration with SOA between 20 and 200 msec, and probability integration with SOA greater than 200 msec. They did not show any inhibitory integration that was found for luminance changes.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
IR laser ablation of high boiling elements (C, Mo, Ta, W and Re)

Pulsed IR lasers were employed to irradiate high boiling elements, such as C, Mo, Ta, W and Re, in high vacuum. The ablation yield, given in terms of removed mass per pulse, was investigated using a ns laser at intensities of the order of 1010 W/cm2 and a sub-ns laser operating at about 1015 W/cm2. The produced plasma in high vacuum was studied by the time-of-flight measurements of emitted ions. The plasma-accelerated particles can be deposited and implanted on a near substrate to form a very adherent thin film useful for applications involving high temperatures and hard materials.

Topic: Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Novel Planar Left-Handed Transmission Line using Grounded Rectangular Patch with Meander Line

In this paper, a novel planar composite right- and left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) of grounded rectangular patch with meander-line and its equivalent circuit are proposed. The dispersion relations are analytically derived using the equivalent circuit and Bloch-Floquet theory. The measured results have good agreements with those of simulation and theory. The fractional bandwidth for left-handed region is measured to be 74 percent from 0.65GHz to 1.42GHz.

Topic: Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Methodology for preliminary assessment of the radioactivity in natural waters

Abstract This article presents the results of a preliminary assessment of the radioactivity of natural waters and the isotope analysis of drinking water. It describes the methods for the radiochemical preparation of water samples, which include concentration of uranium isotopes from water samples, extraction from impeding radionuclides and preparation of electrically countable samples. The results of violation of radioactive equilibrium between the isotopes 234 U/ 238 U and the several factors affecting this process in water samples have been obtained. It is clear from the obtained result that 234 U isotope concentration in groundwater is higher than that in surface water.

Topic: Mining and Gasification Technologies
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Catherine II and the French Revolution: A Reappraisal

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeRésumé/AbstractTraditionnellement, Cathérine la Grande a été représentée comme une autocrate qui haïssait la Révolution française mais qui donnait vent à sa haïne plutôt en mots qu’en gestes, tout en profitant de la confusion pour diviser la Pologne. Cette interprétation est inadéquate. L’Impératrice a agi de manière effective contre la puissance toujours grandissante de la France, elle aurait même joué un plus grand rôle si les autres monarques avaient reconnu certains principes auxquels elle adhérait.La clef de voûte de la politique de Cathérine fut son soutien des émigrés et des princes royaux; elle était d’avis qu’une contre-révolution devrait être menée par des français si elle voulait réussir. Elle croyait également qu’il fallait une restauration des Bourbons pour garder la France en état de pouvoir éviter un démembrement qui serait à l’avantage des puissances occidentales mais non pas à celui de la Russie. En vue de cette politique elle a donné son appui, en 1793, à un projet éphémère tendant à attaquer la France avec des forces menées par le Comte d’Artois. Elle a aussi joué un rôle dominant dans la lutte commerciale et maritime contre la France. Et même si elle n’a jamais voulu envoyer des troupes russes à l’Occident, elle était aussi contrariée par la préférence britannique pour les Prusses en tant que bénéficiaires de leurs subsides, qu’elle l’était par le refus des alliés de reconnaître le Comte de Provence comme roi. Il est nécessaire de clarifier ses véritables intentions pour pouvoir arriver à une juste compréhension de la diplomatie de la Révolution française.

Topic: European Political History Analysis
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Sustainable medical tourism in Costa Rica

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the relative importance of sustainable tourism practices to medical tourists. Sustainable management practices have become the accepted and appropriate model for tourism. Medical tourists, those who visit a foreign country for a medical procedure unavailable at home due to high costs, timeliness or local laws and customs, are asked how important a set of sustainable management practices are in their experiences. Selected for this study are the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (GSTC). These criteria have been designed to be the minimum practices to ensure sustainability for the business as well as protect the natural and cultural resources. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was employed to gather the travel patterns, motivations and socio‐demographics of medical tourists and to test their ranking of the GSTC on a five‐point Likert scale. Findings Medical tourists who travelled to Costa Rica, a recognized ecotourism destination, are more likely to support some of the sustainable criteria designed to maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts, than those who travelled elsewhere. Research limitations/implications While the sample size is modest, this is an exploratory assessment by medical tourists of sustainable management practices. Practical implications Research into sustainable medical tourism practices is timely given that hospitals are not traditionally in the tourism business, but are now rapidly seeking to provide this service to their foreign patients. Originality/value The paper presents what is believed to be the first investigation into medical tourists' preferences in sustainable tourism practices.

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy: hypothesis concerning the mechanisms of congenital malformations.

An analysis of the data on 52 infants whose mothers had contracted varicella during pregnancy revealed that 27 had congenital malformations ascribed to the maternal varicella infections, while another 25 developed herpes zoster in the early postnatal period. Most of the mothers whose infants had congenital malformations had contracted varicella within the first 20 weeks of gestation, whereas most of the mothers whose infants developed herpes zoster had varicella after 21 weeks of gestation. The clinical features of the various congenital malformations and dysfunctions after maternal varicella were diverse; however, there were peculiar segmental manifestations of anomalies of the skin, the peripheral nervous, the autonomic nervous, and the musculoskeletal systems, all of which receive common innervations from the same levels of the spinal cord. Most other dysfunctions may be ascribed to an encephalitis. Therefore, the mechanism of congenital malformations caused by varicella-zoster virus seems to be due not to fetal varicella but to the development of herpes zoster in utero and to an encephalitis associated with herpes zoster. At least one infant had congenital malformations that were due to maternal herpes zoster infection.

Topic: Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Current Trends in VCO-Based EPR

Abstract In this article we provide an overview of chip-integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based EPR detection as a new paradigm in EPR sensing. After a brief motivation for this alternative detection method, we provide a self-contained overview of the detection principle, both for continuous-wave and pulsed detection. Based on this introduction, we will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of VCO-based detection compared to conventional resonator-based detection. This is followed by an overview of the current state of the art in VCO-based EPR and interesting emerging applications of the technology. The paper concludes with a brief summary and outlook on future research directions.

Topic: Electron Spin Resonance Studies
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences