jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constructing A Protestant Nation

This article examines the recent controversy surrounding the Texas public school social studies curriculum revision process. The focus of this project is the text of the revised statewide curriculum, which offers a means of investigating the ways in which the conservative Christian authors of the new guidelines employ language to disseminate their particular worldview and propose a direction for the nation’s future. Through an analysis of the primary text, coupled with a discussion of scholarly sources, this article argues that the authors of the revised curriculum standards define American national identity as originating in Protestant Christianity, and construct a biblically-based narrative of United States history that challenges the notion of separation between church and state. The article also considers the concepts of the Judeo-Christian tradition, literalism, and American exceptionalism within the context of the curriculum guideline changes, and concludes with a discussion of Christian nationalism and fundamentalism.

Topic: Religious Education and Schools
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Monitoring and detection of damage in cement composite under sulphate attack

Deterioration of concrete due to sulphate attack is a major durability problem for concrete structures exposed to sulphate-rich soil and groundwater such as septic tanks, sewage pipes and water treatment plants. The continuous exposure to a sulphate-rich environment, concrete loses its strength and durability resulting in a reduction of the designed service life. The widespread occurrence of sulphate attack and the destruction caused by it have attracted researchers over the years into the study of the deterioration mechanism and methods to combat it. This paper deals with the monitoring of deterioration in concrete for accelerated sulphate environment and detecting damage using half-cell potential method, powder X-Ray diffraction and acid penetration test. The accelerated testing adopted here provides a realistic approach for predicting the deterioration of concrete under Sulphur attack. The paper demonstrates the various stages of changes occurred in cement composite during exposed environment and successfully monitored through conventional NDT Techniques. The results give in depth understanding microstructural behaviour of concrete elements during chemical attack.

Topic: Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Model based essential interactions cluster mining in multivariate time

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. The goal of fMRI data analysis is to detect correlations between brain activation and a task the subject performs during the scan. It also aims to discover correlations with the specific cognitive states, such as memory and recognition, induced in the subject. In this system, we propose a novel framework for clustering the essential fMRI signals based on their interactions and also correlation which is generated in a multivariate time series. To formalize this framework we cluster only Important Interactions based on the patient's medical records with the help of Essential Clustering Algorithm. The Essential clusters (EC) are then clustered again based on their dependencies on various brain regions. These EC's are grouped under specific models. The changes detected are mined based on the type of cluster grouped under a certain model. Our method shows that certainly increases the efficiency of the system along with increases in the effectiveness with minimal resource utilization.

Topic: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
jlaaser/pogil-polymers: v0.4.0 - December 31, 2022 - with PDF

The following activities are complete (including the instructor guides), and have been classroom-tested and revised: <pre><code>Activity 1.1 - From Molecules to Polymers Activity 1.2 - With Increasing Size Comes Increasing Complexity Activity 1.3 - Molecular Weight and Dispersity Activity 1.4 - Measuring Molecular Weight Activity 2.1 - Introduction to Polymerization Mechanisms Activity 3.1 - Chemistries of Step-Growth Polymerizations Activity 3.2 - Degree of Polymerization in Step-Growth Polymerizations Extension 3.2a - Synthesis of Polymer Networks by Step-Growth Reactions Activity 3.3 - Equilibrium in Condensation Polymerizations Activity 3.4 - Molecular Weight Distributions in Step-Growth Polymerizations Activity 4.1 - Chemistry of Free-Radical Polymerization Activity 4.2 - Kinetics of Free-Radical Polymerization Activity 4.3 - Thermodynamics of Free-Radical Polymerization Activity 5.2 - Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Activity 5.3 - Anionic Polymerization Activity 5.4 - Ring-Opening Polymerizations Activity 6.1 - Copolymerization Activity 7.1 - Models for Ideal Polymer Chains Activity 7.2 - Elasticity of Polymer Chains Activity 8.1 - Elasticity of Polymer Networks Activity 8.2 - Viscoelasticity of Polymeric Materials Extension 8.2a - Small-Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Rheology Activity 9.1 - Regular Solutions &amp; Flory-Huggins Theory Activity 9.2 - Thermodynamics of Phase Separation Activity 9.3 - Phase Diagrams of Polymer Solutions Activity 10.1 - The Glass Transition Activity 10.2 - Measuring Tg and Tm </code></pre> The following activities are complete (including the instructor guide), but have not been classroom-tested (or, have been classroom-tested but have not yet been updated following testing): <pre><code>Activity 5.1 - Ideal, Living Polymerizations (note: Model 1 has been classroom tested, but Model 2 has not) </code></pre> The following activities are included as ``working drafts'' which contain complete student handouts but no instructor guides, and have not been classroom-tested (or, have been classroom-tested but have not yet been updated following testing): <pre><code>n/a - none in this release </code></pre>

Topic: Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Effects of Auricular Acupuncture on Smoking Cessation May Not Depend on the Point Chosen – An Exploratory Meta-Analysis

Introduction Auricular acupuncture is given as a treatment for drug dependence. Points are usually chosen on the assumption that the body is represented somatotopically in the ear, although there is no anatomical basis for this. In clinical trials, sham treatment is often given at points that are supposedly ‘incorrect’ for the condition, in the belief that they are inactive. The aim of this study was to explore whether there is any difference in the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture at ‘correct’ and ‘incorrect’ points. Methods Controlled trials of semi-permanent auricular acupuncture or acupressure for smoking cessation were systematically located, and the results combined in exploratory meta-analyses which took into account the study quality. Results Thirteen studies were included. Combining ten studies showed auricular acupuncture at ‘correct’ points to be more effective than control interventions, odds ratio 2.24 (95% CI 1.61, 3.10), a result which is confirmed in the four high validity studies. Other analyses showed inconsistent results between all studies and higher quality studies. Comparisons of three higher quality studies suggest that ‘correct’ and ‘incorrect’ point acupuncture is no different (odds ratio 1.22, CI 0.72, 2.07); and two studies showed that ‘incorrect’ point acupuncture may be more effective than other interventions (odds ratio 1.96, CI 1.00, 3.86). Conclusion Auricular acupuncture appears to be effective for smoking cessation, but the effect may not depend on point location. This calls into question the somatotopic model underlying auricular acupuncture and suggests a need to re-evaluate sham controlled studies which have used ‘incorrect’ points. Further experiments are necessary to confirm or refute these observational conclusions.

Topic: Healthcare and Venom Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Fully epitaxial, exchange coupled SmCo<sub>5</sub>/Fe/SmCo<sub>5</sub>trilayers

Fully epitaxial SmCo5(25 nm)/Fe/SmCo5(25 nm) trilayer films were prepared, in which the easy magnetization axis of both hard magnetic SmCo5 layers is uniquely aligned along one orientation within the film plane. The interlayer exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic phase is studied by hysteresis measurements in the magnetic hard and magnetic easy orientation and by dc-demagnetizing loops for different thicknesses of the soft Fe layer. The good coupling together with the optimum texture provided by the epitaxial growth lead to excellent magnetic properties. Fully coupled trilayers are achieved for 6 nm thin Fe layers, which maintain a square hysteresis with high coercivity of μ0Hc = 1.5 T and a 30% remanence enhancement over a single hard magnetic layer. For thicker Fe layers (16 nm) the exchange coupling leads to reversible rotation processes within the soft phase before the trilayer switches irreversibly at a field of 0.9 T. The still acceptable coercive field and the further improved remanence lead to a maximum energy density of 224 kJ m−3 (28 MG Oe). The specific epitaxial relation between SmCo5 and Fe with its unique orientation of the SmCo5 easy axis throughout the whole layer stack presents the essential step in the realization of thick, textured, exchange coupled multilayers with high energy density.

Topic: Magnetic Properties of Alloys
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 226933: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Review of U. S. Oil and Gas Production -- 1965

Introduction The petroleum industry supplies approximately 73 per cent of the nation's energy requirements, and domestic capital and exploration expenditures total more than $6 billion annually. The producing segment of the industry accounts for around 60 per cent of these capital expenditures, and domestic production amounts to approximately 80 per cent of the nation's liquid raw material supply. The producing industry is important from the standpoint of national security, and its reserve producing capacity, Jan. 1, 1966, was approximately 2.7 million bbl of crude oil and natural gas liquids daily, based on IPAA estimates. The productive capacity of natural gas, Jan. 1, 1964, as estimated by NPC in its 1965 report, indicates 57.7 billion cu ft/D of capacity over and above the average production for 1963. Total petroleum demand in 1965 averaged 11,490,000 B/D, up 473,000 or 4.3 per cent from 1964. Gasoline, which makes up approximately 41 per cent of demand, experienced a healthy 3.9 per cent increase. Total petroleum supply in 1965 averaged 11,482,000 B/D. Of this total, domestic crude production (68.0 per cent of supply) averaged 7,804,000 B/D, up 2.5 per cent; natural gas liquids production (10.5 per cent of supply) averaged 1,210.000 B/D, up 4.8 per cent; and imports of crude and products (21.5 per cent of supply) averaged 2,468,000 B/D, up 9.3 per cent from 1964. Demand for natural gas continued in upward trend in 1965 as reflected by production which totaled 16.3 trillion cu ft, or a 6.5 per cent increase over the 15.3 trillion cu ft produced in 1964. Fig. 1 shows supply trends of petroleum and natural gas from 1956 to 1965. Reserves To supply the ever-increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas, adequate reserves must be maintained through continuous exploratory efforts, development drilling and improved recovery techniques. Therefore, it is pertinent to note the changes in underground inventory during 1965. Proved reserves of crude oil at year-end 1965 stood at 31.4 billion bbl, up 1.2 per cent from the previous year. Although the change is small, it is the second consecutive year that crude reserves have posted an increase. However, the reserves-production (R-P) ratio in 1965 was 1 1.7: 1, down slightly from the previous year. It was the fifth straight year of decline and reflects the failure of reserves to keep pace with production which has grown at the rate of 2.0 per cent for the past five years. Proved reserves of natural gas liquids at year-end 1965 were 8.0 billion bbl, up 3.6 per cent from 1964. After trending downward since 1958, the R-P ratio leveled off at 14.5:1, the same as in 1964.

Topic: Global Energy and Sustainability Research
Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Efficacy of combination therapy of inositols, antioxidants and vitamins in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational study

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of both developed and developing countries. It is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, oxidative stress and various long-term complications. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the supplementation (Trazer F Forte<sup>TM</sup>-CORONA Remedies Pvt. Ltd.) providing combination of insulin sensitising agents (myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol and chromium picolinate), antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and lycopene) and vitamins (vitamin D, biotin and folic acid) in women with PCOS. After 12 weeks of supplementation, a significant improvement was observed in menstrual cyclicity, acne and hirsutism in both obese and lean PCOS patients. A significant reduction was observed in body weight and BMI of obese subjects. However, both parameters remain unchanged in lean subjects. We suggest that combination therapy of insulin sensitising agents, antioxidants and vitamins may be a fruitful approach for the management of PCOS.Impact statement<b>What is already known on this subject?</b> Monotherapy of insulin sensitising agents, antioxidants and vitamins is beneficial in the treatment of PCOS.<b>What do the results of this study add?</b> Combined use of insulin sensitising agents (myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol and chromium picolinate), antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and lycopene), and vitamins (vitamin D, biotin and folic acid) is safe and effective in obese and non-obese women with PCOS.<b>What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?</b> Since PCOS is a multifactorial and a complex endocrine disorder, combination therapy can be used for the comprehensive management of PCOS.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas species isolated from minced meat and chicken samples in Iran

Aeromonas spp. was commonly isolated from ground meat and chicken samples at the retail level. From January to September 2009, 92 samples of chicken and 158 samples of minced meat for sale in retail outlets from regions under supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS, Iran) were analyzed for the prevalence of Aeromonas species. Aeromonads were isolated from 80 (32%) of the samples analyzed, including 53 (57.6%) of chicken and 27 (17%) of minced meat. The isolation rate in chicken was significantly higher than minced meat (p<0.001). The highest contamination was found in chicken withAeromonas caviae and minced meat samples contaminated with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 105 strains were isolated belonging to five species: A. hydrophila 43 (41%), A. caviae 43 (41%), Aeromonas sobria 16 (15.3%), Aeromonas jandaei 2 (1.8%) andAeromonas veronii 1 (0.9%). The antibiotic resistance pattern shows that more than 90, 80, 70 and 60% of the strains were resistant to Ampicillin, Cephalothin, Tetracycline and Nalidixic acid, respectively.

	 

	Key words: Aeromonas, chicken, meat, antimicrobial resistance, Iran.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Mental Health Legislation

This chapter gives an overview of the mental health legislation of England and Wales as it applies to inpatient psychiatric wards, discusses some key concepts such as capacity and deprivation of liberty, and highlights the principles underpinning the Human Rights Act 1998, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and the Mental Health Act 1983. The use of legislation at the point of admission and in the provision of treatment particularly in the absence of consent will be considered. The safeguards protecting the patient detained under the Mental Health Act will be highlighted and the use of community treatment orders on leaving hospital will be briefly touched upon. Finally, governance of the use of the Mental Health Act and some future challenges to the basis of legislation will be discussed.

Topic: Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (aPDL1) to Locally Induce Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System

Abstract Immunotherapy is an efficient approach to clinical oncology. However, the immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) limits the application of immunotherapeutic strategies for brain cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is a further challenge in immunotherapies. To overcome the immunological tolerance of brain tumors, a novel multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) for highly efficient synergetic immunotherapy is reported. The NP contains an anti‐PDL1 antibody (aPDL1), upconverting NPs, and the photosensitizer 5‐ALA; the surface of the NP is conjugated with the B1R kinin ligand to facilitate transport across the blood‐tumor‐barrier. Upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, 5‐ALA is transformed into protoporphyrin IX, generating reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) further promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and sensitizes tumors to PDL1 blockade therapy. It is demonstrated that combining PDT and aPDL1 can effectively suppress GBM growth in mouse models. The proposed NPs provide a novel and effective strategy for boosting anti‐GBM photoimmunotherapy.

Topic: Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Characterization and Comparison of Corn Gluten Feed from Six Midwest Corn Processing Plants

Twenty-one corn gluten feed (CGF) samples obtained from six midwestern manufacturing plants were analyzed chemically and in an in situ digestion trial to characterize CGF and to assess variation among sources. Starch content (12.2%) and pH (4.1) were similar among sources, while ether extract varied (P< .001) from 2.1 to 7.2%. Neutral detergent fiber was higher (P< .01) for samples from one plant (54.2 vs 50.1%) and acid detergent fiber was higher (P< .05) for another plant (12.4 vs 11.1%). Lign in content ranged (P< .05) from 1.4 to 2.0% while cellulose varied from 7.3 to 9.9% (P< .01). Total N was lower (P <.05) for samples from one plant (2.5%) compared to all others (3.2%). This sample was also characterized by relatively dark brown color. Sodium chloride soluble N was higher (P< .001) for one source than for the other five plants (60.7 vs 42.4%). Free ammonia-N was similar for samples from all plants (2.9% of total N) while pepsin insoluble nitrogen ranged (P< .001) from 7.7 to 20.0% of total N. Corn gluten feed was rapidly and extensively degraded in the rumen. Disappearance of CGF after 24 h of in situ incubation in the rumen ranged (P< .05) from 64.7 to 79.3% and was greatest for the dark brown sample with a burned odor. In situ N disappearance after 0, 12, and 24 h averaged 48.6, 53.5, and 72.0%, respectively. Stepwise regression suggested that extent of dry matter digestion was best described (P< .01; FI2 = .65) by a combination of ash, N, ether extract, lignin and soluble N. Extent of N disappearance was best described (P< .01; R2 = .53) by ash, cellulose, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, N and soluble N.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
CMSMAP : oil, chemical, search and rescue, and marine emergency response crisis management system

This paper describes a newly developed Crisis Management System (CMS) which makes it possible to view oil and chemical spills on the seafloor. The CMS is designed to run in a network environment, so that multiple stations can be used cooperatively to respond to a spill incident. It was developed by the Maritime and Port Authority in Singapore and represents a singular integration of a ship's bridge simulator hardware and software. It incorporates numerical models and emergency response software. The CMS is installed in a specifically designed building at the Singapore Polytechnic University, and is integrated with two shipping bridge simulators. One user interface has access to models dealing with oil spills, chemical spills, search and rescues, marine emergencies, and nuclear disasters. The interface is linked to a response management system. The entire system is used to train response personnel to marine emergencies. The histories and costs of planned response activities are described and logged for reference purposes. Estimates of damages associated with spills can be obtained. Alternative response plans can also be determined. Further research in 2002 will focus on developing real time response. 3 refs., 6 figs.

Topic: Maritime Navigation and Safety
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Analgesic properties of Nα-terminal substituted H-Phe-Gly-OH

1Institute of Pharmacology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy 2Biopolymer Research Center, CNR, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 35131, Padova, Italy

Topic: Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Patterns and phenotypes: Expression of multiple class three semaphorins in the retina and along the path of zebrafish retinal axons

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Developmental Dynamics 236:2918–2924 On page 2923 in the original published version of this article, in the Experimental Procedures section, the authors reported using a fragment of AL919018 as a probe for sema3aa. The correct accession number for this probe is AL918018. The authors regret this error.

Topic: Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences