jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Global Graying” and Nutritional Trends in the New Millennium

Why are we leading off this book on clinical nutrition and aging discussing "global graying"? It is because we recognize that the population of the world is changing in a way that will dramatically alter health care, and therefore nutritional care, in the near future. During the first half of the 21st century, the proportion of the population that is older or elderly (65 yr and up) will reach an all-time high. This demographic shift toward an older population will inevitably create a greater demand for health care services, calling our attention to the application of nutritional prevention and intervention. As illustrated in subsequent chapters of this volume, health problems that are not thwarted by primary prevention strategies may eventually present themselves as diseases and disorders that require nutritional intervention later in life.

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Whitening Effect of Different Toothpastes on Bovine Dental Enamel: an in situ study

Abstract The aim of this in situ study was to evaluate color change, surface roughness, gloss, and microhardness in tooth enamel submitted to whitening and remineralizing toothpastes. Fifteen healthy adults (REBEC - RBR-7p87yr) (with unstimulated salivary flow ≥ 1.5 ml for 5 minutes, pH=7) wore two intraoral devices containing four bovine dental fragments (6 x 6 x 2 mm). Participants were randomly assigned and instructed to toothbrush the devices with the tested toothpastes (30 days): CT: conventional; WT: whitening; WTP: whitening with peroxide, and RT: remineralizing toothpaste. A washout period of 7 days was established. Readouts of color, gloss, surface roughness, and microhardness were performed before and after brushing. The results demonstrated no color, gloss, and microhardness differences (p&gt;0.5). The samples brushed with WTP (0.2(0.7) showed higher surface roughness (p=0.0493) than those with WT (-0.5(1.0). The toothpastes did not alter the properties of the dental enamel, except for the roughness. Toothpaste with an abrasive system based on sodium bicarbonate and silica, and that contains sodium carbonate peroxide increased the surface roughness of the enamel.

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhertu shows impressive results

Enhertu, a drug for people with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer, showed positive results in a Phase 3 trial. The antibody-drug conjugate, a joint effort of AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo, reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% compared with chemotherapy . Shanu Modi, the trial's principal investigator, said in a press release that this is the first demonstration of HER2-directed therapy providing "a survival benefit" to people with low HER2 expression.

Topic: HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Influence of stator end-winding structure on the end-winding leakage inductance with method of vector-potential

In this paper, the stator end-winding leakage inductance is calculated using a new novel numerical method based on magnetic vector potential, which is highly accurate and comparatively simple. And with this method, the influence of stator end-winding structure on end-winding leakage inductances is discussed. To acquire the end leakage inductances between coils, the flux is calculated by a line integral of vector-potential along the end-winding. Then the phase end leakage inductances can be acquired with the assistance of the incidence matrix. The calculation is illustrated by a 3-phase prototype induction machine, and the influence of the stator end-winding structure on end-winding leakage inductances is discussed according to the calculation results.

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Figure S5 from Epigenetic Regulation of CXCL12 Plays a Critical Role in Mediating Tumor Progression and the Immune Response In Osteosarcoma

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure S5. DAC treatment did not increase the risk of osteosarcoma proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: interferon and immune responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Association of dyslalias and dentomaxillary anomalies in children. Review of the literature.

It is common to find children with problems to communicate and this can be the product of a speech disorder, which corresponds to an alteration that involves the pronunciation or production of sounds. The most frequent speech disorder among school children is dislalias, with a prevalence of 70%. The malocclusions occupy the third place of prevalence within oral health problems, after dental caries and periodontal disease. Latin America has a worrying situation in this regard, with high levels of incidence and prevalence of malocclusions that exceed 85% of the population. The aim of this study is to review the existing association between dentomaxillary anomalies and dyslalias in children described in the literature for children and adolescents. In general terms, there are few studies that have evaluated this association. There is a positive association between the presence of dentomaxillary anomalies and the presence of dyslalias. Despite the above, there are few studies that have evaluated this association, so it is necessary to conduct more studies in this area.

Topic: Oral and Craniofacial Lesions
Subfield: Speech and Hearing
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Adventitious rooting in hypocotyls of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings

The effect of brief application (usually for 3 h) of various growth regulators and their antagonists on the production of adventitious root primordia in sunflower hypocotyls over a 3 day period, was investigated. Gibberellic acid inhibited, while an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis promoted rooting. Low concentrations of cytokinins increased, but higher levels inhibited primordia formation. Auxin was able to stimulate or inhibit root production, depending upon the quantity applied, and triiodobenzoic acid applied to the top of the hypocotyls lowered the rate of root formation. From experiments in which benzyladenine, silver nitrate and benzyl isothiocyanate were supplied to the hypocotyl for various 3 h periods after root removal, we concluded that some of the important events necessary for adventitious root production occur during the first few hours after excision of the original root system. We also suggest that the hypocotyl cells on the first day go through a phase during which primordia production is blocked by endogenous ethylene and on the second day enter a phase during which endogenous ethylene promotes rooting.

Topic: Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The Foundations of Humor in Karl Heinrich Waggerl

In one of his recent observations about Waggerl, the critic Hanns Arens wrote: nur die Oberflitche sieht, kdnnte denken, er sei ein 'sonniger,' ein unproblematischer Mensch, der nur zur 'Freude des lieben Gottes' und seiner Geschapfe so dahinplaudere. Wer genauer hinh*rt, spiirt die Zwischentine und wie sehr hier dichterisches Geheimnis wirksam ist, ein Geheimnis, hinter dem sich ein Mensch und Kiinstler verbirgt, der von dem aussagt, was alle Kreatur bewegt.' The reference to the sense of hearing is significant, for within the literary arcana of Waggerl are concealed the sources of the sounds of laughter. While coursing its way through his entire literary work, humor makes an essential contribution to its organic structure. It appears to have four foundations. The first is the particular nature of the norm as conceived by Waggerl, which can be interpreted as a universal order village world erfiilltes Leben formula; his conditioned attitude in the approach to the deviation from the norm so as to produce the humor forms the second; the third is the function of the smile and the laugh in his works; and the final foundation is the place of humor in the cohesion existing between Waggerl's evaluation of the force of evil in the world and of the indestructibility of man in the light of the author's position as a servant to mankind. The shaping of the formula referred to in the first foundation receives a primary impetus from Waggerl's words:

Topic: Linguistic research and analysis
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Gender, Eating Disorders, and Graphic Medicine

Developing an understanding of eating disorders beyond the biological/medical framework has become a necessity in present times, especially when eating disorders are swiftly spreading deep roots across the world. In view of the multidimensional etiology of eating disorders, there are increased efforts towards understanding its phenomenological, cultural, and other related non-medical aspects, and Gender, Eating Disorders, and Graphic Medicine leaps past the prevalent notions on eating disorder, and contributes to the developing corpus of affective knowledge on eating disorders among women through comics and graphic medicine. Taking cues from select graphic narratives on eating disorders, this book attempts to posit graphic medicine as one of the most befitting modes of life writing. This book is distinctive in that it is an attempt not only to explore the multi-dimensional etiology of eating disorders in women using graphic medicine narratives but also to understand how graphic medicine humanizes eating disorders by offering a unique ingress into women's phenomenological experience of eating disorders.

Topic: Comics and Graphic Narratives
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Critique on the dipteran pests of commercial flower crops: An obligate threat to the floral industry

The floral industry grapples with challenges like changing climatic scenarios, differences in market trends, rising costs, and severe losses posed by insect pests. The management of dipteran pests encompassing diverse species, such as leaf miners, midges, flies, and mosquitoes, has emerged as an obligate adversary, inflicting substantial economic losses in the cut and loose flower industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this paper delves into the diverse array of dipteran species of leaf miners and midges, their life cycles, distribution, host range, damaging symptoms, insecticide resistance, and the management strategies practised to date. Furthermore, this critique underscores the urgent need for innovative approaches and integrated pest management techniques to mitigate the escalating menace of dipteran pests. By elucidating the multifaceted challenges and proposing strategic interventions, this critique aims to foster dialogue and inspire concerted action among researchers, stakeholders, and scholars to safeguard the sustainability and profitability of the floral industry.

Topic: Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Efficacy of Neem Oil and Selected Plant Extracts against Anthracnose of Soybean Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.] is one of the most important an Asiatic oil seed crop. Soybean comes under the leguminous crop is having symbiotic association with Rhizobium. It is a significant commercial crop that yields oil and is beneficial for both oil extraction and the production of numerous items that are used in human and animal nutrition. The present study was investigated on the effect of neem oil, Eucalyptus leaf extract, Parthenium leaf extract, Lantana leaf extract, Darek leaf extract, Ficus leaf extract and Mancozeb were compared and tested against anthracnose leaf spot [Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore] of soybean under field conditions at the research plot of the Central Research Field, Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Kharif season of 2023. Among the treatments, T3 – Eucalyptus leaf extract exhibited the minimum disease intensity (%) 50 DAS (10.66 %), 70 DAS (11.50 %) and 90 DAS (12.60) Significantly increased in T3 – Eucalyptus leaf extract @ 10%, followed by T1 – Parthenium leaf extract @ 10% as compared to other treatments including (Treated check)T6 -Mancozeb @ 0.2 and (Untreated check) T0 – Control.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
WORK PRACTICES, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND SHEET METAL WORKERS, 1929-1970

This article surveys the history of work practices in sheet metal work from 1929 to 1970. It focuses on the role of internal labour markets and union power in sustaining such work practices as seniority, the strict allocation of work according to job classifications, and the regulation of working time. Internal labour markets were structured by formal and informal rules which made it difficult for employers to transfer employees or to recruit from the wider, external labour market. Such restrictions placed barriers in the way of the most efficient use of new technologies. Managerial control over how work was done and attempts to improve discipline and to increase work effort were also limited by work practices. To the extent that internal labour markets prevented the easy employment of labour from the external labour market, the bargaining power of employees was strengthened.

Topic: Labor Movements and Unions
Subfield: Public Administration
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Catecholaminergic Modulation of Metacontrol Is Reflected by Changes in Aperiodic EEG Activity

Abstract Background “Metacontrol” describes the ability to maintain an optimal balance between cognitive control styles that are either more persistent or more flexible. Recent studies have shown a link between metacontrol and aperiodic EEG patterns. The present study aimed to gain more insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of metacontrol by using methylphenidate (MPH), a compound known to increase postsynaptic catecholamine levels and modulate cortical noise. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study design, we investigated the effect of MPH (0.5 mg/kg) on aperiodic EEG activity during a flanker task in a sample of n = 25 neurotypical adults. To quantify cortical noise, we employed the fitting oscillations and one over f algorithm. Results Compared with placebo, MPH increased the aperiodic exponent, suggesting that it reduces cortical noise in 2 ways. First, it did so in a state-like fashion, as the main effect of the drug was visible and significant in both pre-trial and within-trial periods. Second, the electrode-specific analyses showed that the drug also affects specific processes by dampening the downregulation of noise in conditions requiring more control. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the aperiodic exponent provides a neural marker of metacontrol states and changes therein. Further, we propose that the effectiveness of medications targeting catecholaminergic signaling can be evaluated by studying changes of cortical noise, fostering the idea of using the quantification of cortical noise as an indicator in pharmacological treatment.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Context-Based Psychosis Emotion Recognition System

In the evolving landscape of mental health diagnostics, the identification and understanding of emotional states, particularly in individuals with psychosis, stand as paramount challenges. This research introduces a novel approach termed "Context-Based Psychosis Emotion Recognition," aimed at leveraging advanced language models like RoBERTa for refined emotion detection in individuals exhibiting signs of psychosis. By integrating the deep contextual understanding capabilities of RoBERTa with context-based features specific to psychosis, the system achieves heightened accuracy in recognizing and categorizing nuanced emotional states. The methodology incorporates a multi-layered analysis, first extracting raw textual data from patient interactions and then subjecting it to RoBERTa's sophisticated language processing. Subsequent layers of the model are fine-tuned using specialized datasets focusing on psychosis-related emotions. Preliminary results indicate a significant enhancement in emotion recognition accuracy, providing healthcare professionals with invaluable insights into the emotional complexities associated with psychosis. This proj ect not only underscores the potential of transformer-based models in mental health applications but also emphasizes the ethical and privacy considerations essential for deploying such technologies in clinical settings. As a pioneering effort, this research paves the way for advanced diagnostic tools tailored to the intricate emotional landscapes of individuals with psychosis.

Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Optimizing the Total Skin-Sparing Mastectomy—Invited Critique

Wijayanayagam and colleagues describe their evolving experience with TSSM. This work adds to a growing literature confirming the feasibility of TSSM for both prophylaxis and therapy.1-4 In addition to the reported results, several issues raised by this article deserve comment.

Topic: Breast Implant and Reconstruction
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Multifunctional translinear-C current-mode filter

A multifunctional current mode filter using three current controlled conveyors and two grounded capacitors is described. The filter realizes high pass, band pass and low pass second order current transfer functions, and provides independent pole-ω 0, and pole-Q 0 tuning through external current control. The filter also displays low incremental parameter sensitivities. The simulation results on the filter support the theory.

Topic: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Antagonizes Signalling by Oncoprotein Tyrosine Kinase p210 bcr-abl In Vivo

The p210 bcr-abl protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) appears to be directly responsible for the initial manifestations of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In contrast to the extensive characterization of the PTK and its effects on cell function, relatively little is known about the nature of the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that may modulate p210 bcr-abl-induced signalling. In this study, we have demonstrated that expression of PTP1B is enhanced specifically in various cells expressing p210 bcr-abl, including a cell line derived from a patient with CML. This effect on expression of PTP1B required the kinase activity of p210 bcr-abl and occurred rapidly, concomitant with maximal activation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the PTK. The effect is apparently specific for PTP1B since, among several PTPs tested, we detected no change in the levels of TCPTP, the closest relative of PTP1B. We have developed a strategy for identification of physiological substrates of individual PTPs which utilizes substrate-trapping mutant forms of the enzymes that retain the ability to bind to substrate but fail to catalyze efficient dephosphorylation. We have observed association between a substrate-trapping mutant of PTP1B (PTP1B-D181A) and p210 bcr-abl, but not v-Abl, in a cellular context. Consistent with the trapping data, we observed dephosphorylation of p210 bcr-abl, but not v-Abl, by PTP1B in vivo. We have demonstrated that PTP1B inhibited binding of the adapter protein Grb2 to p210 bcr-abl and suppressed p210 bcr-abl-induced transcriptional activation that is dependent on Ras. These results illustrate selectivity in the effects of PTPs in a cellular context and suggest that PTP1B may function as a specific, negative regulator of p210 bcr-abl signalling in vivo.

Topic: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[A Case of Cut-to-the-light Incision for Ureteroileal Anastomotic Obstruction after Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit].

A 68-year-old man with muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for urinary diversion using the Wallace procedure. Two months after surgery, the patient developed recurrent urinary tract infections, and computed tomography showed left hydronephrosis. Nephrostography revealed a left ureteroileal anastomotic obstruction. Ho-YAG laser-assisted incision and transureter dilatation were performed 6 months after surgery. Nephrostography performed 1 month after dilatation confirmed improvement of the obstructed area and no symptom recurrence.

Topic: Ureteral procedures and complications
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Implementation of the FAIR Data Principles for Exploratory Biomarker Data from Clinical Trials

The FAIR data guiding principles have been recently developed and widely adopted to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets in the face of an exponential increase of data volume and complexity. The FAIR data principles have been formulated on a general level and the technological implementation of these principles remains up to the industries and organizations working on maximizing the value of their data. Here, we describe the data management and curation methodologies and best practices developed for FAIRification of clinical exploratory biomarker data collected from over 250 clinical studies. We discuss the data curation effort involved, the resulting output, and the business and scientific impact of our work. Finally, we propose prospective planning for FAIR data to optimize data management efforts and maximize data value.

Topic: Scientific Computing and Data Management
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S1 from Capping Protein Regulator and Myosin 1 Linker 3 Is Required for Tumor Metastasis

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1, CARIML3 expression is upregulated among various types of cancer. Related to Figure 1. A. CARMIL3 copy number variance (CNV) level across various types of cancer in TCGA. B. CARMIL3 mRNA (RNA-Seq) expression among different types of cancer samples compared with their normal counterpart in TCGA. C. Analysis of CARMIL3 mRNA (RNA-seq) expression in TCGA-BRCA cohort grouped by major subclasses (with TNBC). D. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining image of CARMIL3 with breast cancer patient sample (ID: 2565). The image was from The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. E. CARMIL3 mRNA expression analysis in prostate cancer patients, dataset from GEO GSE3325. (F-I). Analysis of CARMIL3 mRNA expression in prostate cancer samples, in cBioPortal dataset (Beltran, 2016, Nature medicine) (F); in dataset GSE21034 (G); in dataset GSE35988 (H); in the cBioPortal dataset (Broad/Cornell,Nat Genet 2012) (I). J. Kaplan-Meier curve showing PRAD patient survival of the cBioPortal cohort (MSKCC, Caner Cell, 2010). Statistic methods: C and E-I Student's t-test; J Log-rank test.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: RNA modifications and cancer
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences