jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Biological Sample Preparation Methods Conventional Cryopreservation of Human Tissue

Background/Aims: Data that compare the effectiveness of methodologies for cryopreservation of human tissue are very limited. Thus, two different biological sample preparation methods, the conventional cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue using either spontaneous or initiated (so-called “seeded”) ice formation, was carefully investigated and compared. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of ovarian tissue were obtained from women with indications for chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and small pieces of experimental tissue (0.5 mm × 1 mm × 1–3 mm) were randomly distributed into three different groups: group 1 immediately after biopsy, experimental pieces after cryopreservation (thawing) with spontaneous ice formation (Group 2) and cryopreservation with initiated ice formation (Group 3). The pieces of tissue were cultured in vitro for 16 days, after which follicle viability and hormonal activity were evaluated. The level of statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: The obtained results indicated that culture supernatants for Groups 1, 2, and 3 showed estradiol 17-ß concentrations of 476, 465, and 459 pg/mL, respectively. Whereas pProgesterone concentrations were 9.68, 5.77, and 5.61 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the mean primordial follicle density per mm 3 for Group 1 was 12.1 ± 3.9, 3.1 ± 1.4 for Group 2 and 6.0 ± 2.3 for Group 3. Moreover, it was recognized that 91%, 16%, and 87% follicles for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were normal ( P 2-1, 3 &lt; 0.05; P 1-3 &gt; 0.1). Conclusions: The obtained results revealed that for the best results using cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue, the protocol of conventional cryopreservation must include a step of initiated ice formation. Moreover, an advanced analytical detection technique of high sensitivity, mass spectrometry, can further be used in the future for an accurate determination of hormonal levels and other related compounds and for screening of possible biomarkers using the best-obtained sample preparation method.

Topic: Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A local criterion for the Saito-Kurokawa lifting of cuspforms with characters

Let f be a holomorphic degree-2 Siegel cuspform of weight κ, level N , and nebentype a primitive Dirichlet character χ.Let f be an eigenfunction of the regular Hecke operators Tp, T p 2 at primes p N and an eigenfunction of the Frobenius operators Πp and their duals Π * p at primes p|N .For certain χ, we give conditions on the Satake parameters of f which imply that f is lifted from an elliptic cuspform φ of weight 2κ -2, level N , and nebentype χ 2 .We also show that for such f and φ, the eigenvalues of the Frobenius operators on f are eigenvalues of Hecke operators on φ.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
On Pseudo-Umbilical Spacelike Submanifolds in Indefinite Space Form Mn+p p (c)

In the present note, first we derive an intrinsic inequality for Pseudo-umbilical spacelike submanifold in an indefinite space form. We use this inequality to show that such submanifold is totally geodesic. In the rest part of this paper, using a result of Aiyama [1], we prove that Pseudo-umbilical spacelike subamnifold is totally umbilical.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Case of Cæsarean Section

SARAH -, aet. 23, engaged at waistcoat-making in Bethnal Green, was born a feeble child, and during childhood was weak and rickety.The mother states that she was 7 years old before she could put her feet to the ground, and 13 years of age before she could walk securely.At 16 she first began to menstruate, and has continued to do so with tolerable regularity ever since, and her general health has been fairly good.She is now four feet eight inches in height, walks lame, and her legs are curved, so that she retains a de- formed and dwarfish appearance.Her face and features are small, and her countenance is that of a girl of 14 or 15 years of age, and her circulation habitually rapid.She applied to me for advice in the middle of September, 1850, complaining of amenorrhoea, of seven months' standing, the result, as she declared, of cold, for which she had in- effectually taken various medicines.At this time the abdomen was prominently large, and by auscultation the beats of the foetal heart and uterine murmur were readily detected.She denied, at this time, the possibility of preg- nancy, but subsequently she admitted that she had had sexual intercourse on two occasions, but she was in so much alarm at the time that she thought it impossible that she could have become pregnant.The lower lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum were observed to be deeply curved, and the

Topic: Archaeological and Historical Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Potential drugs for elimination of acute lymphatic leukemia cells from autologous bone marrow.

Five drugs, selected because of minimal in vivo myelotoxicity, have been investigated for inhibition of the growth of three acute lymphatic leukemia-derived cell lines. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFU) inhibition with these five drugs after 60-min incubation was first established. Drug concentrations giving up to 90% kill of GM-CFU were then used. Spirogermanium and L-asparaginase did not have an effect on any of the three cell lines under the culture conditions tested, while 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and vincristine inhibited the growth of all three cell lines tested, and bleomycin inhibited the growth of two cell lines. In addition to 4-HC, bleomycin and vincristine should be considered as possible agents in eliminating leukemic cells from autologous marrow grafts. These drugs also deserve further investigation in clonal systems.

Topic: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of obesity on balance

To assess studies that look into whether obesity has an effect on balance. The goal of this review was to look at the latest studies on the impact of obesity on balance. A high lipid accumulation or extra fat mass level is classified as obesity. Obesity is a complicated disease that develops as a consequence of an interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors, and it is now more common than malnutrition. Obesity is linked to a number of medical issues, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumours, respiratory difficulties, and severe orthopaedic ailments which reduce the QOL. Obesity is also linked to postural instability, which is defined as the ability to keep or recover the centre of mass with reference to the support base. Computerized bibliographic databases were used to find journal papers published between 2011 and 2021. Systematic reviews and cross-sectional studies with high levels of evidence were included. There was a total of 30 studies chosen. Following the analysis of the studies, it was discovered that obesity had a negative impact on balance. According to previous research, bodyweight is a powerful predictor of postural equilibrium. Increased postural sway was linked to a higher body mass index (BMI).

Topic: Foot and Ankle Surgery
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An assessment of archaeological sites in June 2008: An Iraqi-British project

The proposal to develop an Iraqi-British project to protect and promote cultural heritage in Southern Iraq was first mooted at a lunch in the British Museum on 24 September 2007, involving Major-General Barney White-Spunner, Charles Moore, former editor of the Daily Telegraph, Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, and John Curtis, Keeper of the Department of the Middle East at the British Museum. The lunch had been arranged to provide Major-General White-Spunner with recent information about the state of the Iraqi cultural heritage, as he was due to be deployed to Iraq in February 2008 as Commander-in-Chief of British troops and General Officer Commanding the Multi-National Division South-East. At the lunch, it was suggested that the greatest need would be to arrange for the inspection of archaeological sites and, if necessary, to arrange for the protection of them, and also to consider facilitating the reopening of some provincial museums. It is known that archaeological sites particularly in Southern Iraq suffered grievously from looting, particularly after the Second Gulf War, and most provincial museums were sacked following the First Gulf War in 1991 and again in 2003. Major-General White-Spunner immediately recognised the importance of these proposals and appointed a project manager, Major Hugo Clarke, to work up a scheme with John Curtis. The project has been made possible by a generous grant from the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, that has covered all costs except those incurred in Iraq, which have been met by the British Army.

Topic: Archaeological Research and Protection
Subfield: Space and Planetary Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
New data of Heteroceridae MacLeay, 1825 from Pakistan (Coleoptera).

Ahmed, Zubair, Khatri, Imran, Arian, Naeemuddin (2015): New data of Heteroceridae MacLeay, 1825 from Pakistan (Coleoptera). Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14: 135-138, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12715621

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Electronic properties of non-circular quantum dots

Quantum dots are nanoscale electronic objects, typically fabricated using two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures or three-dimensional atomic clusters. In addition to promising technological applications, quantum dots represent excellent sources of interesting many-electron quantum physics.\n\nThis thesis deals with the theoretical modeling of two-dimensional quantum dots consisting of less than twenty electrons. The aim is to clarify how the geometry of the confining potential affects the ground-state structure of the system with and without the presence of an external magnetic field. The question is of a great importance in understanding and predicting the basic electronic properties of actual quantum-dot devices.\n\nThe calculations are based on the density-functional theory applied within a real-space multigrid approach, which is shown to be a powerful method for the systems considered in this thesis. The accuracy of the method is, however, highly dependent on the local spin-density approximation used. Hence, different parametrizations for the exchange-correlation energy are compared. Furthermore, the problem of the density-functional theory as a mean-field approach using a single-configuration wave function is analyzed in this thesis.\n\nQuantum dots of various shapes are investigated, beginning with polygonal systems to determine the critical densities for the Wigner crystallization. Rectangular dots are shown to be particularly sensitive to the geometry, but a qualitative agreement is obtained with the experimental addition energy spectra. The lack of circular symmetry does not prevent the maximum-density-droplet formation when an external magnetic field is applied, and the high-field limit may be characterized by remarkably regular state oscillations. The symmetry can also be distorted by an external impurity, for which a realistic model is obtained with a comparison to experimental data. Presumably, some of the rich variety of phenomena identified in this thesis for non-circular quantum dots will have a realization in the future nanoelectronics.

Topic: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evolution, Development and Regeneration of Fish Dentitions

The diversity of fishes provides a wealth of morphological variety to investigate at the developmental and genetic level. The diverse range of phenotypes offered by fish dentitions provides an excellent comparative context for studies of evolutionary developmental biology. This chapter discusses the evolution, development and regenerative capacity of chondrichthyan and osteichthyan dentitions. We provide an overview of the recent insights into how general fish dentitions are initiated and how they continue to redevelop over multiple tooth generations.

Topic: dental development and anomalies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Dihedral f-tilings of the sphere by rhombi and triangles

We classify, up to an isomorphism, the class of all dihedral f-tilings of S 2, whose prototiles are a spherical triangle and a spherical rhombus. The equiangular case was considered and classified in Breda and Santos (2004). Here we complete the classification considering the case of non-equiangular rhombi, see Tab. 1 and Fig. 24.

Topic: Mathematics and Applications
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Late Season Drought Stress

As a step towards the profitable employment of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture, effects of chitosan NPs was probed on barley plants under late season drought stress. A factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included the chitosan NPs concentrations (0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 ppm), application methods (foliar and soil application) and irrigation regimes (well-watered and withholding of irrigation for 15 days after pollination). The barley seeds were separately planted in pots. Then, the NPs were added to them through the soil and foliar application at three stages. The results indicated that using the chitosan NPs, especially 60 and 90 ppm, significantly increased the leaf area (LA), the leaf color (SPAD), the number of grain per spike, the grain yield and the harvest index compared to the control. Also, drought stress significantly decreased the yield and yield components compared to the well-watered plants. In contrast, using the chitosan NPs in plants under drought stress significantly increased the relative water content (RWC), the 1000-grain weight, the grain protein, the proline content, the catalase (CAT) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the control. There was no a significant difference between two methods of using NPs in most studied traits. The results highlighted that using the chitosan NPs, especially 60 and 90 ppm, in both irrigation regimes can significantly improve the majority of the studied traits compared to the control and mitigate the harmful effects of drought stress.

Topic: Growth and nutrition in plants
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Multimetallic Uranium Nitride Cubane Clusters from Dinitrogen Cleavage

Dinitrogen cleavage provides an attractive but poorly studied route to the assembly of multimetallic nitride clusters. Here, we show that the monoelectron reduction of the dinitrogen complex [{U(OC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-Bu<sup>t</sup><sub>3</sub>-2,4,6)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(μ-η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>-N<sub>2</sub>)], <b>1</b>, allows us to generate, for the first time, a uranium complex presenting a rare triply reduced N<sub>2</sub> moiety ((μ-η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>-N<sub>2</sub>)<sup>•3-</sup>). Importantly, the bound dinitrogen can be further reduced, affording the U<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub> cubane cluster, <b>3</b>, and the U<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub> edge-shared cubane cluster, <b>4</b>, thus showing that (N<sub>2</sub>)<sup>•3-</sup> can be an intermediate in nitride formation. The tetranitride cluster showed high reactivity with electrophiles, yielding ammonia quantitatively upon acid addition and promoting CO cleavage to yield quantitative conversion of nitride into cyanide. These results show that dinitrogen reduction provides a versatile route for the assembly of large highly reactive nitride clusters, with U<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub> providing the first example of a molecular nitride of any metal formed from a complete cleavage of three N<sub>2</sub> molecules.

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Observer-Based Finite-Time Attitude Containment Control of Multiple Spacecraft Systems

In this brief, the output feedback based finite-time attitude containment control problem for multiple spacecrafts is investigated. A novel finite-time command filtered backstepping containment control scheme is proposed for attitude systems with unmeasurable states, inertia uncertainties, external disturbances and input saturations, which can not only guarantee the containment control errors converge to the sufficient small neighborhood of the origin in finite-time, but also overcome the computation complexity problem in traditional backstepping. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Topic: Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Impact of Conservative Soil Maintenance Practices in Vineyards on Soil Microbial Diversity and on the Biodiversity of Useful and Harmful Entomofauna

In the context of actual climatic changes, which led to an increase of soil hydric stress, new agrotechnical solutions were experimented to ensure a moisture preservation in soil and the conservation of soil microbial activity. These included the use of mulching systems and the cover crops, in order to replace the use of the classical black furrow system. In this respect, the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the use of soil mulching systems and of the cover crops in vineyards on the microbial biodiversity of the soil and on the biodiversity of the useful and harmful entomofauna, in comparison with the classical maintenance system, represented by black furrow. The researches were performed during two particularly dry years in two experimental plots located in Valea Cǎlugǎrescǎ viticultural center. In one of them were experimented, as soil maintenance systems, the total straw mulching and the partial mulching (interval between rows) with marc compost, in the other the artificial grassing of the interval between rows with ornamental clover Nano and with honey plants represented by Melilotus officinalis. The experimental data have shown the positive effect of mulching systems on soil microbial activity, highlighted by an increase of soil microbial load and of its diversity (represented by bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa), especially in case of mulching with marc compost (15.94 million microorganisms/g of soil, as compared with 5.9 million in case of black furrow system). Also, the ratio between fungi and bacteria was higher in case of partial mulching, this aspect being a favorable factor for soil biological activity. The use of cover crops indicated a positive effect in the increasing of useful entomofauna, belonging to the orders Ortoptera, Coleoptera and Arahnidae (especially in case of the artificial grassing).

Topic: Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Effect of terminal heat stress on physiological traits, grain zinc and iron content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Heat stress is one of the major wheat (Triticum aestivum) production constraints in South Asia (SA), particularly in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India and Bangladesh. Malnutrition is also a severe problem among children and women in SA. Wheat varieties with high grain Zn/Fe are a sustainable, cost-effective solution in the fight against hidden hunger. Thirty wheat genotypes were characterised under the optimum temperature and heat stress conditions in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of the stress on the yield, physiological traits and grain Zn/Fe content. A significant genetic variation was observed for all the traits under the optimum temperature and stress conditions. The yield was reduced by an average of 59.5% under heat stress compared to that of the optimum temperature. A strong positive association of the canopy temperature depression (CTD) with the grain yield (GY) was observed under the heat stress. A negative correlation of the grain Zn/Fe with the yield was observed under the optimum temperature and heat stress conditions, while the association between the grain Zn and Fe was positive. The genotypes BRW 3723, BRW 3759, BRW 3797, BRW 160, HD 2967, HD 2640 were found to be heat-tolerant in both years. Among the tolerant genotypes, BRW 934, BRW 3807 and BRW 3804 showed a high zinc content and BRW 934, BRW 3797, BRW 3788 and BRW 3807 showed a high iron content, respectively. These genotypes can be explored in future breeding programmes to address the problem of nutritional deficiency.

Topic: Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Comment on egusphere-2023-1477

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Hector, an open-source reduced complexity climate-carbon cycle model. Hector is a computationally efficient source of climate information, capable of completing a run in a fraction of a second. Hector models critical Earth system processes on a global and annual basis. Here we present an updated version of the model, Hector V3. In this manuscript, we document Hector&rsquo;s new features, and implementation of new science (e.g., radiative forcing calculations, carbon cycle, etc.). Hector V3 results are in good agreement with historical observations of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and global mean surface temperature, and its future temperature projections are consistent with more complex Earth System Model output data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We document that Hector V3 is a flexible, performant, and robust simulator of contemporary and 21<sup>st</sup>-century global climate, and in closing, discuss future areas of improvement and research with respect to the model&rsquo;s scientific, stakeholder, and educational priorities.

Topic: Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vinyl-Type Polymerization of Norbornene by Nickel(II) bis-Benzimidazole Catalysts

Novel nickel (II) bis-benzimidazole complexes were prepared. These complexes were synthesized using three steps: condensation, alkylation and complexation. These complexes, upon activation with MAO, polymerize cyclic olefin norbornene. The polynorbornene synthesized was characterized by GPC, 13C NMR and IR. GPC molecular weights of the polynorbornene polymers were determined using the LS/viscometry/DRI triple detector system and were found to be very high (Mn 148,000 to 288,000 and Mw 587,000 to 797,000). The 13C NMR suggest that the polynorbornene is a vinyl addition product (i. e.y 2,3-linked); no ring-opened product was observed.

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences