jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Borderline lesions of the thyroid: diagnostic strategy].

Some thyroid neoplasms notoriously cause problems in the histologic diagnosis of their nature (follicular versus papillary for example) or their malignant potential (adenoma versus carcinoma) because of overlapping histologic features. Here, thyroid lesions are presented according to their histologic presentation (vesicular, papillary, trabecular, solid or cystic patterns, fibrosing thyroids and lymphoid infiltrate). For each entity, the most discriminant histologic features are described with emphasis on the diagnostic pitfalls and their histological clues.

Topic: Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ventilatory defects in atypical mycobacteriosis. A comparison study with tuberculosis.

Two hundred thirty-two patients infected with Mycobacterium kansasii and 120 patients infected with M. intracellulare who were admitted to the East Texas Chest Hospital between 1965 and 1974 were individually matched according to age (+/- 5 years), sex, and extent of disease with an equal number of patients infected with M. tuberculosis. The ventilatory function in these patients was compared. The frequency of obstructive ventilatory defect, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 sec less than 70 per cent of forced vital capacity, was greater among M. kansasii patients (68.9 per cent of 232) than among M. tuberculosis patients less than 80 per cent of predicted, was greater among M. intracellulare patients (68.3 per cent of 120) than among M. tuberculosis patients (57.5 per cent of 120). Above age 40, obstructive ventilatory defects tended to be more common in M. kansasii patients, whereas restricted ventilatory defects tended to be more common in M. intracellulare patients when compared with the same age group of M. tuberculosis patients. As expected, ventilatory function values among the M. tuberculosis groups decreased as extent of disease increased. In contrast, among the M. kansasii and M. intracellulare groups, these values were poorly related to the extent of disease; values were relatively low even with minimal extent of disease. It is suggested that the increased ventilatory defects among the M. kansasii and M. intracellulare patients could be accounted for by coexistent lung disease.

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Optimal Sensor Placement for Monitoring of Spatial Networks

The problem of optimal placement of sensors for monitoring a spatial network (e.g., a road network with moving ground targets or intruders) is considered in this paper. In particular, the optimization of locations of a set of sensors (that can each obtain measurements in a local region around the sensor location) is considered so as to maximize an overall sensor coverage metric defined over the spatial network. The sensor coverage optimality metric for spatial network coverage is based on a novel formulation of a sensor influence wave based on a spatiotemporal model of the measurement reach of a set of sensors given a spatial network topology, a probabilistic model of target movements on the network, and spatial weight maps that model the relative importance/utility of different locations in the spatial region. The sensor placement optimization is based on an iterative genetic algorithm for the optimization of a scalar metric computed from the spatial integration of the sensor influence wave. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation studies for several road network geometries. Note to Practitioners —This paper considers the problem of finding optimal locations for sensors for monitoring a spatial network for moving targets (e.g., a road network with moving ground targets or intruders). Sensor-based monitoring of a spatial region is relevant in a variety of applications (including, in general, such diverse application areas as traffic monitoring in transportation applications, intruder monitoring, surveillance, power systems monitoring, structural health monitoring, etc). This paper offers two primary novel aspects: an optimality metric formulation for target monitoring effectiveness on spatial networks and an iterative genetic algorithm-based method for optimization of the sensor placement configuration. The proposed approach enables addressing of multiple spatial criteria within a unified framework, including the probabilistic characterizations of spatial target movements over the network and the models of relative importance/utility of different locations/areas in the spatial region.

Topic: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
DETERMINATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN SWEAT SECRET OF SEVERE FORMS OF POISONING - TOXIC COMA. CLINICAL MEANING.

The aim is to investigation of toxic substances in sweat secret, blood and urine of patients with toxic coma. Study includes 4 patients in toxic coma, caused by: amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, amitriptyline and clomipramine. The concentration of the drugs substances is determined in sweat samples, collected after stimulation of ecrine sweat glands, using the pilocarpin ionophoresis-a modificated method by Gibson and Cooc (1959), and in blood and urine, taken at the same time with the first sweat sample. The analytical procedure includes a separation of the drugs from the sample with organic solvent, concentrating the extract, followed by analysis of the extract with GC 5890-series II, equipped with MSD-5971 and LC 1090-series II, Hewlett Packard. We have proved that in all sweat samples drugs exist (amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, amitriptyline and clomipramine). The drug concentration in sweat, compared to blood and urine, is less in all samples..

Topic: Poisoning and overdose treatments
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
BLUES: A Self-organizing BLE Mesh-network Paradigm for IoT Environments

The introduction of new key features into the core specification of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) increased its potentialities, thus paving the way to the development of new networking paradigms. The ability for a single node to participate in more than a piconet and to assume both the role of master and slave makes it possible the formation of multi-hop networks that can be used in several emerging application scenarios. Additionally, the inherent low power consumption at the cost of contained throughput makes this technology appealing for Internet of Things (IoT), where power memory and capacity constrained devices exchange messages at relatively low data rates. In this paper, we devise a two layers BLE mesh-based networking paradigm obtained by generalizing Android BE-MESH for hardware-independent sensor networks. Each node enforces a plug-and-play architecture which makes it able to autonomously switch between client and server role, discover and connect to existing scatternets and relay messages through them, making the network able to extend and self re-organize in a distributed fashion. To have our implementation ready for IoT systems we based it on the ESP32 off-the-shelf board. We describe both the implemented functions as well as some practical results proving the effectiveness of the framework in some tested configurations.

Topic: Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
.pi.-.pi. Interaction between nitrile and ethylene functionalities

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.pi.-.pi. Interaction between nitrile and ethylene functionalitiesJoseph B. Lambert and Kalulu M. TabaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 3, 452–455Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01291a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01291a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Intergroup Encounters in Urban Public Spaces: Everyday Strategies of Host Community Members Following a Refugee Influx

Some host community members (HCMs) develop positive attitudes toward refugees, while others do not. The current literature on perceptions of refugees offers different explanations for these varied responses to intergroup encounters (positive contact, negative contact, and exposure). Nevertheless, few scholars have examined the outcomes of intergroup relations at the microlevel to better understand the various impacts of intergroup encounters between HCMs and refugees. Even fewer scholars have focused on the everyday implications of HCMs’ attitudes toward refugees in response to changing local demographics. In this article, I argue that in addition to the type of intergroup encounters, the locations where these encounters occur at the neighborhood level serve as a critical factor in understanding HCMs’ sociospatial attitudes or their attitudes toward refugees at the microlevel of everyday life. In doing so, I introduce the concept of everyday strategies to describe the sociospatial attitudes that HCMs adopt in different types of urban public spaces following their encounters with refugees in neighborhoods that have experienced a large refugee influx. Empirically, the analysis draws on interviews conducted with 60 HCMs in Bursa, Turkey, in 2018 and, through the concept of everyday strategies, extends the literature on HCMs’ attitudes regarding refugees. Overall, this article contributes to the wider study of international migration by detailing the influence of microlevel intergroup encounters on HCMs’ sociospatial attitudes in a South-South forced migration context.

Topic: Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Prevalence and morphological evaluation of dens invaginatus with associated palatogingival groove in maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography: A retrospective study on an Eastern Indian cohort

INTRODUCTION . Developmental anomalies like dens invaginatus (DI) and palatogingival groove (PGG) increase susceptibility to pulpal and periradicular diseases, complicating root canal treatment. Advanced imaging modalities such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provide enhanced visualization, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. AIM . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of DI and associated PGG in maxillary anterior teeth among an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS . A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 586 CBCT scans recorded for clinical purposes, of which 228 met the inclusion criteria. CBCT images were analyzed for DI and associated PGG using Oehler’s and Gu’s classifications. Data were statistically analyzed, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS . DI was observed in 33 teeth (2.41%), predominantly in lateral incisors (6.14%). Oehler’s Type I was the most common variant (78.8%). PGG was present in 8 teeth (24.24%), all of which classified as Gu’s Type I in the teeth where DI was detected. Unilateral involvement of DI (56.5%) was more frequent than bilateral involvement (43.5%). No significant gender differences were noted for DI or PGG prevalence. CONCLUSIONS . The prevalence of DI and associated PGG highlights the need for advanced diagnostic tools like CBCT to facilitate early detection and management. CBCT’s three-dimensional imaging capabilities are indispensable for diagnosing these anomalies and improving treatment outcomes.

Topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Elecsys<sup>®</sup> AMH assay: Determination of Anti‐Müllerian hormone levels and evaluation of the relationship between superovulation response in Holstein dairy cows

Abstract Background Anti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) serves as a crucial parameter in assessing the reproductive herd life and ovarian reserve in cattle. Consequently, extensive research is conducted on AMH levels. Various measurement methods can be employed to determine AMH levels. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on Holstein donors using the Elecsys ® AMH kit. Objective This study was designed to determine AMH levels in donors utilising the Elecsys® AMH kit and to evaluate the relationship between superovulation response parameters and AMH levels. Methods In this study, we measured the serum AMH levels of 36 cows using the Elecsys ® AMH automated assay before the superovulation protocol (1st sample) and FSH injections (2nd sample). The cows were categorised into three groups based on their AMH levels: low, medium, and high AMH. Results Positive correlations were identified between AMH and parameters associated with superovulation response. The high AMH level group exhibited significantly greater numbers of corpus luteum, total embryos, transferable embryos, and grade 1 embryos compared to the medium and low AMH groups ( p &lt; 0.05) There was no significant difference between AMH levels before the superovulation protocol and FSH injections( p &gt; 0.05). Body condition score and parity did not significantly affect AMH levels in cows ( p &gt; 0.05). Also, AMH cut‐off values for the number of corpus luteum, total embryo, and transferable embryos were detected as 234, 227, and 210 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that a high serum AMH level has a positive influence on the superovulation response. AMH can be used as a reliable marker for the selection of donors in Holstein cows.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Ultrasensitive and Robust CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Single-Crystal X-ray Detectors Based on Interface Engineering

Halide lead perovskites have shown great development in recent years for ionizing radiation detection. However, the bias-induced interfacial electrochemical reaction between the perovskite and electrode severely deteriorates detector performance. We report that BCP strongly interacts with Al and constructs a stable Al-BCP chelating interface, resulting in the suppression of a detrimental electrochemical reaction. The fabricated Au/Al/BCP/C<sub>60</sub>/CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/Au detector shows a low dark current of 3 nA with a stable baseline at an extremely high bias of 100 V (∼100 V mm<sup>-1</sup>). The superior high-bias stability enables a high sensitivity of 7.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> μC Gy<sub>air</sub><sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> at 100 V. Meanwhile, a low detection limit of 15 nGy<sub>air</sub> s<sup>-1</sup> at 40 V is achieved due to the reduced noise. The outstanding performance of our device exceeds that of most advanced detectors based on CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> single crystals. Besides, X-ray imaging with 1 mm spatial resolution is well demonstrated at a low dose rate of 200 nGy<sub>air</sub> s<sup>-1</sup>. The interfacial chelating strategy overcomes the technical limitation of bias-induced instability of perovskite radiation detectors and can be anticipated to operate under an extremely high electrical field.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
THE EFFECT OF 5.3 Mev POLONIUM$sup 210$ ALPHA-PARTICLES ON THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF /cap alpha/- AND /cap beta/-FIBRES OF THE FROG SCIATIC NERVE

Irradiation of small bundles of frog sciatic nerve with 5.3 Mev Po/sup 210/ alpha particles results in an initial enhancement of the alpha - and beta - potentials of the compound action potential. This enhancement, preceding the blocking of the conductivity of the fibers, appears earlier in the beta than in alpha -fibers. The decline of the potential due to the irradiation occurs in the beta -fibers at a faster rate than in the alpha -fibers. (auth)

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The Economic Influence on Consumers Buying Behavior in Islamic Countries: Evidence from the COVID-19 Economic Crisis

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in a new age in the world. We are still grappling with the implications in various areas of our everyday lives. The impulsive buying habits of consumers, the supply chain, and the whole industry are not exceptions. Consumers and supply chains were both unprepared during the early stages of the novel coronavirus pandemic. The procurement of utilitarian products was referred to as panic buying. The study examined using exploratory studies on several individuals in the eight selected Islamic countries who have been panic buying in coronavirus-affected areas and have faced regional constraints. The data apply on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in eight selected Islamic countries, three hundred sample finally selected, and a good number of volunteers supported in this study. The results have shown that a drastic financial effect on the economy where purchasing power and remittance inflow declined, inflation goes up and precaution for lockdown, whereas impulsive buying goods tendency increased due to misinformation, and panic buying immensely impact in the economy. The decision-making process has shifted, preventing financial burdening, rising saving patterns, and unwelcoming unhealthy consumption. Moreover, visible psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. These studies concluded with a policy recommendation providing the results.

Topic: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Medical treatment of Graves' disease. Long term results (author's transl)].

Out of 115 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease who were treated for 18 months methimazole alone, only 35% had remained in remission for at least 3 years after cessation of antithyroid therapy. A significant correlation was found between recurrent hyperthyroidism and the presence antithyroid antibodies (microsomal antibodies) in the sera of these patients. Periodic assessments of TSH responses to TRH and thyroid suppressibility may be useful in determining the duration of medical therapy.

Topic: Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Soil structure quality and biodiversity across a range of different practices and tillage intensities

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Soil structure degradation is considered a major threat to soil fertility in many regions, including the Swiss Jura. In order to investigate the extent of this degradation and the means to improve soil structure quality (SSQ) with different farming practices, a large scale project &amp;amp;#8220;Terres Vivantes&amp;amp;#8221; was launched in 2019 by the canton of Jura and Bern and is followed by a group of scientists.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;90 farms, covering 3&amp;amp;#8217;000 ha of arable land with clay contents ranging from 16% to 60% are involved in the project. Two fields per farm were selected for closer investigation and monitoring. SSQ indicators included VESS and CoreVESS (visual evaluation on sample) scores, bulk density, water and air capacity at -100 hPa and soil organic carbon (SOC):clay ratio. Five VESS observations per field were made by the farmers via the VESS app for Smartphones/iPhones. Physical properties were analyzed on five undisturbed samples (150 cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) per field at 5-10 cm depth. Texture, SOC, pH and CEC were determined on a composite sample. Earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were measured after onion solution extraction and earthworm surface casts were collected and weighed. The farming practices of the past 5-10 years were documented and soil tillage intensity indicators were assessed (number of tillage and stubble operations, tillage depth, and STIR (soil tillage intensity rating)).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Our results show that the soils are carbon depleted as the SOC:clay ratio is in average below 0.10 threshold (0.08). VESS scores were in average Sq3, denoting a medium SSQ with a lack of aeration and of readily available water. Among a variety of farming practice descriptions, the temporary pasture duration and the number of tillage and stubble operations were significantly correlated to the following SSQ indicators: SOC:clay, bulk density and water content. Earthworm biomass was better correlated to the number of tillage and stubble operations than to the temporary pasture duration. These two farming practice descriptions also correspond to two of the three well-known pillars of conservation agriculture, namely maximum vegetal intensity and minimal mechanical soil disturbance.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In conclusion, the soils in the Jura region have medium SSQ and are carbon depleted. The effect of current farming practices can be observed on a series of biological and physical indicators and reveal conservation agriculture pillars as &amp;amp;#8220;best practices&amp;amp;#8221;. Future investigations from the project should reveal whether farmers will be able to adapt some farming practices and improve SSQ despite time and resource constraints.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines. Part 1. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐N‐Substituted‐thioureido‐2‐methyl‐6‐phenylthieno [3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences