jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinic Experience in Surgical Treatment of Fractures of Middle Third of Face

Objective:To discuss the methods and key points in the treatment of fractures of middle third of face. Methods:Retrospective review of 78 cases from Jan 2000 to Oct 2006.A careful spiral 3D-CT examination should be made.the combined approach diaplasis adopts coronal incision,buccal maxillary vestibular groove incision,margo orbitalis incision,anterior auricular intrahairline incision around the original opening wound.All reduction of fracture by,the broken bone would be fixed on titanium mini-plate were used in fixation.Results:All the patient's progress were satisfactory.Postoperative x-ray films revealed the fractures seem to have been completely connected.Conclusion:Spiral 3D-CT examination is very valuable in maxillofacial trauma treatment planning.The purpose of facial central reconstruction is to reconstruct the facial supporting structure in the vertical and level direction.Therefore,the facial width,height and protruding degree would be recovered well.Meanwhile,the facial occlude function works regularly. Functions and appearance recovery must be considered simultaneously.

Topic: Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Progress towards the redefinition of the kilogram: Measurements of Planck&amp;#x2019;s constant using watt balances

The watt balance compares electrical power and mechanical power to determine Planck's constant h in SI units. If the definition of the kilogram in the SI is altered to fix the value of Planck's constant this will remove the last artefact standard from the SI and the watt balance will provide a way to realise the SI mass unit. At present there are three operational watt balances, with more planned or under construction. Two laboratories, NIST and NPL, have published results from their experiments. These results differ significantly and further work is required to discover the source of the discrepancy.

Topic: Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Supplementary Data from Postoperative Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Secrete IFNα to Promote Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Drive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence

Supplementary Data from Postoperative Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Secrete IFNα to Promote Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Drive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence

Topic: Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Amelogenin, an extracellular matrix protein, in the treatment of venous leg ulcers and other hard-to-heal wounds: Experimental and clinical evidence&nbsp; ||FREE PAPER||

Marco Romanelli1, Valentina Dini1, Peter Vowden2, Magnus S &Aring;gren31Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2Vascular Unit, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom; 3Department of Surgery K, Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkAbstract: Amelogenins are extracellular matrix proteins that, under physiological conditions, self-assemble into globular aggregates up to micron-sizes. Studies with periodontal fibroblasts indicate that attachment to these structures increases the endogenous secretion of multiple growth factors and cell proliferation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that cutaneous wounds benefit from treatment with amelogenins. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving patients with hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers (VLUs) (ie, ulcers with a surface area &ge;10 cm2 and duration of &ge;6 months) showed that the application of amelogenin (Xelma&reg;, Molnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden) as an adjunct treatment to compression results in significant reduction in ulcer size, improvement in the state of ulcers, reduced pain, and a larger proportion of ulcers with low levels of exudate, compared with treatment with compression alone. Amelogenin therapy was also shown to be safe to use in that there were no significant differences in adverse events noted between patients treated with amelogenin plus compression and those treated with compression alone. Case study evaluations indicate that the benefits of amelogenin therapy demonstrated in the RCT are being repeated in &ldquo;real life&rdquo; situations and that amelogenin therapy may also have a role to play in the treatment of other wound types such as diabetic foot ulcers.Keywords: extracellular matrix, amelogenin, venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pyoderma gangrenosum

Topic: Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Deafness and Psychiatric Illness

Summary Review of the literature concerning the relationship between deafness and psychiatric disorder reveals differences in the pattern of illness depending on the severity of deafness and the age of onset. In particular, the prevalence of schizophrenia in the prelingually deaf is similar to that found in the normal population, whereas the hard of hearing are over-represented among samples of patients suffering from paranoid psychoses in later life. Possible modes of action of long-standing hearing loss in the aetiology of paranoid illnesses are considered: the psychological and social consequences of deafness, the possible contribution of sensory deprivation phenomena, and the interference of hearing loss in attention, perception and communication. Finally, possible future lines of research are suggested.

Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Gender Differences of Popular Music Production in Secondary Schools

In this case study, the author inv estigated how students’ gender affected their participation in a secondary popular music class in which participants wrote and performed original music. Three same-gendered rock groups and two mixed-gendered rock groups were observ ed. Would students of different genders rehearse and compose differently? How would same-gendered processes compare to mixed-gendered processes? Research suggests that girls learn differently from boys and that gender—as distinct from sex—is formed in social env ironments. In research on popular music education, howev er, the participation of girls has been under-documented and under-theorized. This study found that boys and girls rehearsed and composed differently: Whereas the boys combined musical gestures and nonv erbal communication into a seamless sonic process, the girls separated talk and musical production. In the mixed-gendered groups, tensions arose because participants used different learning styles that members of the opposite gender misunderstood. Broadening popular music pedagogies to incorporate different practices is suggested.

Topic: Diverse Music Education Insights
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Standard Story of Action: An Exchange (2)

Book synopsis: The causal theory of action (CTA) is widely recognized in the literature of the philosophy of action as the standard story of human action and agency—the nearest approximation in the field to a theoretical orthodoxy. This volume brings together leading figures working in action theory today to discuss issues relating to the CTA and its applications, which range from experimental philosophy to moral psychology. Some of the contributors defend the theory while others criticize it; some draw from historical sources while others focus on recent developments; some rely on the tools of analytic philosophy while others cite the latest empirical research on human action. All agree, however, on the centrality of the CTA in the philosophy of action. The contributors first consider metaphysical issues, then reasons-explanations of action, and, finally, new directions for thinking about the CTA. They discuss such topics as the tenability of some alternatives to the CTA; basic causal deviance; the etiology of action; teleologism and anticausalism; and the compatibility of the CTA with theories of embodied cognition. Two contributors engage in an exchange of views on intentional omissions that stretches over four essays, directly responding to each other in their follow-up essays. As the action-oriented perspective becomes more influential in philosophy of mind and philosophy of cognitive science, this volume offers a long-needed debate over foundational issues.

Topic: Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Theory of vibrational relaxation of polyatomic molecules in liquids

A simple tractable theory of vibrational relaxation of polyatomic molecules in polyatomic solvents, which is also applicable to solid solutions, is presented. The theory takes as its starting point Fermi’s golden rule, avoids additional assumptions such as the rotating wave or random phase approximations, and treats both the internal degrees of freedom of the relaxing molecule and the bath degrees of freedom in a fully quantum mechanical manner. The results yield intuitively understandable expressions for the relaxation rates. The treatment of the annihilation as well as the creation of all participating bosons allows the theory to go beyond earlier analyses which treated only cascade processes. New predicted features include temperature effects and asymmetry effects in the frequency dependence. The theory is constructed in a manner which facilitates the use of recent developments in the analysis of instantaneous normal modes of liquids.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Acoustic detection and classification of all-terrain vehicles and automobiles in pennsylvania state parks

The preservation of today’s natural environment is more important than ever before; with the encroachment of civilization, protected areas are necessary. This protection must go beyond just saving wildlife but also protecting natural soundscapes for visitors to experience “dispersed low-density outdoor recreation.” However, some visitors use the wilds for motorized recreation such as Off-Road Vehicles, All Terrain Vehicles, and Side-by-Side Vehicles producing elevated levels of noise which could impact the other visitors. In order to determine how the protected areas were used, listening stations were placed at high-traffic areas to monitor the soundscape for one summer. This dataset was analyzed to understand the number and impact of anthropogenic noise sources. This research develops a training dataset that could be implemented with supervised machine-learning models to automate event detection and classification.

Topic: Food Supply Chain Traceability
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantitative characterization of topographic defects of semiconductor silicon wafers

The calculation of shadow images of the surfaces of semiconductor silicon wafers obtained by Makyoh topography is carried out. A quantitative relationship between the intensity of the shadow spots on the topogram and the micro geometric parameters of the silicon wafers has been established. The software for quantitative 3D-control and control criteria of the silicon wafer surfaces is proposed.

Topic: Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Subfield: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crossing the Boundaries between Marine and Muguet: Discovery of Unusual Lily‐of‐the‐Valley Odorants Devoid of Aldehyde Functions

Since 6‐isopropyl‐ ( 11 ) and 6‐isobutyl‐2 H ‐benzo[ b ][1,4]dioxepin‐3(4 H )‐one ( 12 ) instead of the expected marine odor had been reported to possess lily‐of‐the‐valley notes, albeit weaker than benchmark odorants, the influence of a cyclopropyl ring instead of a methyl branching on the olfactory properties was investigated. 6‐Cyclopropyl‐ ( 27 ), 6‐(2′‐methylcyclopropyl)‐ ( 32 ) and 6‐(cyclopropylmethyl)‐2 H ‐benzo[ b ][1,4]dioxepin‐3(4 H )‐one ( 39 ) were thus synthesized from 2,3‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde ( 22 ) by a synthetic sequence consisting of Wittig methylenation/ethylenation/homologation with (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride, followed by cyclopropanation, demethylation, Williamson etherification with 3‐chloro‐2‐(chloromethyl)prop‐1‐ene, and Katsuki–Sharpless oxidation. The odor thresholds of the target structures 27 , 32 , and 39 , which are all floral‐green lily‐of‐the‐valley odorants, lie in the range of that of Lilial ( 1 ), with the 6‐cyclopropyl derivative 27 being the most potent (th 0.065 ng/l air). Particularly impressive was the close resemblance of the 6‐(cyclopropylmethyl) derivative 39 with Bourgeonal ( 3 ), which was rationalized by a superposition analysis.

Topic: Biological and pharmacological studies of plants
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Lister, Arthur, (12 Feb. 1905–21 March 1975), Senior Ophthalmic Surgeon, London Hospital, 1948–70; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Moorfields Eye Hospital, 1946–70; retired

"Lister, Arthur, (12 Feb. 1905–21 March 1975), Senior Ophthalmic Surgeon, London Hospital, 1948–70; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Moorfields Eye Hospital, 1946–70; retired" published on by Oxford University Press.

Topic: Medical History and Innovations
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Groove‐Binding Drugs

This chapter contains sections titled: Netropsin and Distamycin Derivatives of Netropsin and Distamycin Hoechst 33258, SN6999, and Their Derivatives Chromomycin, Mithramycin, and Other GC Binders Groove Binding and Intercalation References

Topic: Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Assessment of susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin of Clostridium difficile strains isolated between 1998-2002].

The drugs of choice used to treat C. diffcile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) are metronidazole and vancomycin. C. difficile strains isolated in most laboratories are susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Communication about emergence of antimicrobial resistance among C. difficile strains in some countries to metronidazole and intermediate resistance to vancomycin are alarming. This study was performed to determine the susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin of 140 C. difficile strains isolated from patients with CDAD hospitalised in academic hospital between 1999-2002. Resistance to metronidazole and vancomycin was not observed.

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bitmojis and Beyond: Incorporating the Studio Habits of Mind Into Online Art Instruction

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementAlthough written from the first-person perspective of Author 1, an art educator and artist, this article has been collaboratively coauthored with Author 2, a professor of English, education, and educational technology. For clarity, we maintain the first-person perspective throughout this article.Additional informationNotes on contributorsKayla LindemanKayla Lindeman, Visual Arts Educator and Artist in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Email: klindeman.arteducator@gmail.comTroy HicksTroy Hicks, Professor of English and Education, Department of Teacher Education and Professional Development, Central Michigan University in St. Johns, Michigan. Email: hicks1tw@cmich.edu

Topic: Art Education and Development
Subfield: Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
[What physical therapy techniques can be used to improve airway freedom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?].

In individuals with ALS rehabilitation is mainly designed to prevent fatigue and contracture, to improve independence and activities for as long as possible, to optimize ability to live with the handicap, and finally to maximize quality of life. The functional impairment must be defined and physical therapy techniques have to be adapted to each patient and reevaluated frequently during the course of the disease. Various types of massage and exercise, monitored by a physical therapist are effective. Strengthening or endurance exercises are controversial as exercise may injure muscle fibres and motor neurons. Isometric exercise, short of fatigue, of unaffected muscles is recommended. Range of motion exercise is critically important for preventing contraction. Assistive and adaptative equipments are essential for maintaining the patient's activities of daily living and home equipment preserves independence. Several orthoses for hand, arm, foot or cervical weakness are available. A wheelchair is an important adaptative device when walking becomes too fatiguing or impossible. Choice for special options and features may require attention. Pulmonary complications are prevented with adapted techniques for bronchic obstruction. Based on the degree of weakness of limb and axial muscles six stages of functional impairment can be defined ranging from fully ambulatory in stage I to bedridden and totally dependent in stage VI. This staging provides a framework for physical therapy evaluation and guidance for appropriate rehabilitation in ALS patients.

Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KERJA, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PD INDAH PERMAI GROUP KOTA MATARAM

The title of this study is Impact of Work Ability, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PD Indah Permai Group, Mataram City. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the extent to which employee performance is influenced by job competence, job motivation, and work discipline. The type of research used in this study is an associative study with a quantitative approach. A survey sampling method is a method that researchers use to collect data. In this study, 54 employees were the population and respondents used by the researchers. Multiple Linear Regression in SPSS versions 25 and 26 is a data analysis tool. The results of our analysis show that: (1) Employee performance is positively and significantly affected by the employee's ability to work. (2) Employee performance is significantly positively impacted by job motivation. (3) Employee performance is positively and significantly influenced by work discipline. (4) Employee performance is greatly influenced by work discipline.

Topic: Employee Performance and Management
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Developmental psychopathology: some historical and current perspectives

Developmental psychopathology has been described as an ‘emergent discipline’ (Cicchetti, 1984) one ‘truly … born over the past five years’ (Zigler, 1989). What characterizes this newcomer that seeks an integration of the developmental and clinical sciences? Many characterizations have been offered, (Lewis & Miller, 1990) and these vary in complexity and coverage. On the side of simplification are the offerings of Achenbach (1990) (‘ … a general approach to understanding relations between development and its maladaptive deviations’) and Lewis (1990) (‘ … the study of the prediction of maladaptive behavior and processes.’)

Topic: Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Subfield: General Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Concerns of University Students Regarding COVID-19 Lockdown: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey in Karachi, Pakistan.

Aim: To assess the concerns of university students regarding COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A Cross-Sectional online survey was conducted among student population living in different socio-economical areas of Karachi. Information was gathered on their age, gender, education level, occupation status, area of residence, and knowledge about lockdown due to Covid-19. These variables were examined according to the socio-economic status of the area where students reside. Results: A total of 200 subjects above 20 years were interviewed out of which data was analyzed for 160 subjects. The majority of students were between the ages of 20-25 years, females, Muslims, and unemployed. According to 86.9% of students COVID-19 can be prevented by avoiding contact and almost 74.4% students were in favor of lockdown further 37.5% students wanted no gaps between lockdowns. In this study, 31.3% spent time using phones while 15% spent time reading while 22% of the students spent their time in physical activity. Almost 66.3% of students did not develop any psychological problems. About 77.5% did not face any financial problems. Conclusion: Most of the respondents were in favor of lockdown as COVID-19 spread can be prevented by avoiding contact. Study highlighted COVID-19 lockdown had no effect on mental health of the respondents. This study will help in creating awareness regarding lockdown. It will enlighten new arenas for public health experts and stakeholders to develop new strategies, and interventions and predict a preparedness program plan for future Pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Lockdown, Karachi

Topic: COVID-19 and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Strongly Coupled Photosystem II-Inspired Chromophore–Imidazole–Phenol Complex: Stepwise Oxidation and Concerted Reduction

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions were studied in acetonitrile for a Photosystem II (PSII)-inspired [Ru(bpy)2(phen-imidazole-Ph(OH)((t)Bu)2)](2+), in which Ru(III) generated by a flash-quench sequence oxidizes the appended phenol and the proton is transferred to the hydrogen-bonded imidazole base. In contrast to related systems, the donor and acceptor are strongly coupled, as indicated by the shift in the Ru(III/II) couple upon phenol oxidation, and intramolecular oxidation of the phenol by Ru(III) is energetically favorable by both stepwise and concerted pathways. The phenol oxidation occurs via a stepwise ET-PT mechanism with kET = 2.7 × 10(7) s(-1) and a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 0.99 ± 0.03. The electron transfer reaction was characterized as adiabatic with λDA = 1.16 eV and 280 < HDA < 540 cm(-1) consistent with strong electronic coupling and slow solvent dynamics. Reduction of the phenoxyl radical by the quencher radical was examined as the analogue of the redox reaction between the PSII tyrosyl radical and the oxygen-evolving complex. In our PSII-inspired complex, the recombination reaction activation energy is <2 kcal mol(-1). The reaction is nonadiabatic (VPCET ≈ 22 cm(-1) (H) and 49 cm(-1) (D)) and concerted, and it exhibits an unexpected inverse KIE = 0.55 that is attributed to greater overlap of the reactant vibronic ground state with the OD vibronic states of the proton acceptor due to the smaller quantum spacing of the deuterium vibrational levels.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences