jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with newly onset type 1 diabetes: A single center study

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe metabolic emergency often associated with the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, with significant morbidity and mortality. Its incidence as the initial presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus varies widely by country. In Morocco, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, highlighting the need for this study. Objectives: The aim of our study was to analyze the predictive factors of diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents at a single medical center in Morocco to develop prevention and management strategies. Methods: A retrospective, single-center study including 200 patients aged between 1 and 18 years at Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus onset, between September 2019 and September 2023. The population was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Medical records provided data for analysis with SPSS v21, employing Chi-square and Student's t-tests, followed by logistic regression to identify predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis. Results: Multivariate regression identified several factors that were significantly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation, including age below 5 years (OR: 3.98; p = 0.021 compared to 6–10 years and OR: 5.07; P = 0.003 compared to 11–18 years), rural living (OR: 2.95; p = 0.032), low family income (OR: 9.22; p < 0.001), delayed diagnosis (OR: 21.27; p < 0.001), longer symptom duration before diagnosis (OR: 1.02; p = 0.010), preceding infections (OR: 2.72; p = 0.019), and lower vitamin D levels (OR: 0.90; p = 0.011). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the critical need for increased awareness, education, use of point-of-care glucose testing, and targeted interventions in rural areas, in order to reduce the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis. We also highlight the potential role of vitamin D in increasing the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This study provides important information on the present state of pediatric diabetes care in our country, and suggests target points for future interventions and research.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Application of pressure-controlled colon delivery capsule to oral administration of glycyrrhizin in dogs

Abstract A colon delivery system has been used to improve the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin, a glycoside of glycyrrhetic acid. The bioavailability of glycyrrhizin is low when administered in conventional oral galenic dosage forms because glycyrrhizin is enzymatically hydrolysed both in the stomach and in the intestine. It was reasoned that if large amounts of glycyrrhizin were directly delivered to the colon, enzymatic activity should be reduced due to saturation so that intact glycyrrhizin could be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Based on this assumption, pressure-controlled colon delivery capsules (PCDCs) were used as a colon delivery system. Eight types of glycyrrhizin solution were prepared and were introduced into PCDCs. After oral administration of the test PCDCs to beagle dogs, blood samples were obtained over 24 h and plasma glycyrrhizin concentrations were measured by an HPLC method. With PCDCs containing aqueous glycyrrhizin and propylene glycol solutions, plasma glycyrrhizin levels were extremely low and the bioavailabilities of glycyrrhizin were 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively. When Labrasol was added to both types of glycyrrhizin solution, the bioavailability was improved to 4.6 % for aqueous solution and 3.8% for propylene glycol solution. When a surfactant, Polysorbate 80, was added in combination with Labrasol, synergistic effects were not obtained. Furthermore, dose-dependent effects of Polysorbate 80 were not obtained. Labrasol, which is a component of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), has been shown to strongly improve the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin from the colon.

Topic: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
COMPARISON OF PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS BETWEEN WILD AND REINTRODUCED SINOJACKIA HUANGMEIENSIS, A RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANT

Sinojackia huangmeiensis is a rare and endangered plant in China.To help protect S. huangmeiensis, we have implemented its reintroduction via augmentation and translocation.Here, we compared the morphological, anatomical, and ecophysiological traits of leaves of wild and reintroduced (augmented and translocated) plants.Leaf thickness, leaf area, and dry matter content of the trunk leaves were highest for augmented plants, intermediate for wild plants, and lowest for translocated plants.Specific leaf area of the trunk leaves was largest for translocated plants, intermediate for wild plants, and smallest for augmented plants.The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue in trunk leaves was lower in both augmented plants and translocated plants than in wild plants.The maximum photosynthetic rate of augmented and translocated plants was similar and higher than that of wild plants.Water-use efficiency was highest for wild plants and lowest for augmented plants.We found that S. huangmeiensis was a mesophyte.It could tolerate a wide range of light conditions and had strong ecophysiological adaptability.Our findings suggest that S. huangmeiensis, and perhaps other endangered plants that have narrow distributions and that produce sprouts, can be transplanted with trunk and sprouts together in order to increase their survival.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Resistance
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CFD study of natural convection heat transfer from an enclosed assembly of vertical cylinders

In the present work, CFD study was performed for a computational domain of a 3 × 3 square array of vertical heat generating cylinders with a pitch to diameter ratio (P/D) equal to 2. The assembly was enclosed in a 127 mm diameter pipe. Each rod had a diameter of 12.7 mm and a heating length of 570 mm. The fluid entered and left the computational domain radially. Constant heat flux boundary conditions were employed for different heat flux values. Due to the radial entrance of fluid, swirls are formed at both inlet and outlet which resulted in turbulence. K-Omega model was used to include the effects of turbulence. Surface temperature for different positions of several cylinders was calculated and compared with experimental results. A good agreement was found between experimental data and computational results. The heat transfer coefficient, modified Rayleigh number and Nusselt number can also be calculated. After developing the method, temperature and velocity profile for different values of heat flux, heating rods arrangements and dimensions of the assembly can be predicted for design purposes. Correlations based on simulations results can be proposed for natural convection calculations in assembly of vertical heating rods.

Topic: Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Statistical analysis of mobile radio reception: an extension of clarke's model

Statistical analysis and modeling of wireless channels is essential to wireless communication systems. Clark's model [1] and the corresponding statistical analysis of mobile radio reception has been widely accepted in numerous wireless applications. Since the component phases in Clarke's model are assumed to be constant in time, the well-known results of statistical analysis based on this model, such as the autocorrelation and Doppler power spectrum, are not appropriate to describe real wireless channels for which the random environments (radio propagation paths) are time-varying and accordingly for which the channel is non-constant in the absence of Doppler frequency shift. In this paper, we extend the traditional Clarke's model incorporating the effect of fluctuations in the component phases, and perform the statistical analysis which results in a closed-form expression of the autocorrelation of the fading. The theoretical power spectral density function, which is the Fourier transform of the resultant autocorrelation of the fading, is shown to fit the practical measured spectra, which is in contrast to the traditional theoretical flat fading channel spectra (Jake's spectrum in [2]). The proposed model and statistical results should have important implications for detailed spectral analysis and channel simulations for real wireless communications systems in random fluctuating electromagnetic propagation environments.

Topic: Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The effect of quality dimensions of web design and UTAUT model on the behavior of online banking

Technology advances have fundamentally changed the world and the way people behave in business and individual affairs. This study aims to investigate the effect of quality dimensions of web design and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model on the behavior of online banking. The statistical population included online banking users. The statistical sample included 325 people using Cochran formula. This study is an applied research in terms of the purpose and based on the descriptive survey method. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using Amos Graphics software. The results indicated that the effort expectancy and social influence have a significant impact on the performance expectancy. The performance expectancy (mediator variable) has a significant impact on the relationship between the effort expectancy and social influence. The elements of quality web design have a significant impact on users. Web design has a significant indirect impact on users through the performance expectancy. The experience of the perception of quality web design has a significant impact on the effort expectancy and does not have a significant impact on the performance expectancy.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Ideals on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Supra Topological Spaces

The purpose of this paper, is introduce the notion of ideals on intuitionistic fuzzy supra topological spaces.Also present the notion of S-compatible with the intuitionistic fuzzy ideal I and investigation some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy supra topological spaces S with the intuitionistic fuzzy ideal I.Moreover, introduce an intuitionistic fuzzy set operator Ψ S and study its properties.

Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Predisposing factors of sheep lameness

Lameness is a major health problem in sheep flocks worldwide. It is associated with reduced productivity and welfare of lame animals within a flock. The consequences of lameness on production have been studied in meat and wool producing breeds, but the available research studies are limited. In dairy breeds of sheep the problem has not been investigated. Lameness can be the result of many causes, but it is mostly associated with foot lesions. With the exception of systemic diseases, a number of predisposing factors seem to dictate the epidemiology of lameness. Here, these factors are grouped in two major categories: a) genetic factors that are attributed to individual animals and b) environmental factors that affect the prevalence of lameness within the flock. In this review, different approaches to counteract those factors are presented. In principle, appropriate genetic selection, together with the implementation of preventive measures, could reduce the negative consequences of those factors. Nutrition is a fundamental factor associated with the health of the foot and the animal in general. Hence, the formulation of a balanced rationis crucial, because deficiencies in specific nutrients, involved in the keratinization of hoof wall, could predispose to lameness. The latter could be also associated with inappropriate housing conditions (e.g. bedding, ventilation). In particular, moisture has been identified as an important predisposing factor for foot lesions. Flock management (e.g. foot trimming, foot bathing), particularly in intensively reared sheep, can also affect the prevalence of lameness. Moreover, the implementation of biosecurity measures at farm level could eliminate the possibility of infectious footrot from purchased animals. In conclusion, the implementation of any preventive measures against the predisposing factors of lameness implies that the farmer is aware of the importance and the consequences of lameness in his flock. The role of the veterinarian is also important. The veterinarian should not focus only on the diagnosis and the treatment of lame animals, but should also try to educate the farmer on the epizootiology of the problem.

Topic: Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Historical and potential future importance of large whales as food for polar bears

Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are expected to be adversely impacted by a warming Arctic due to melting of the sea‐ice platform from which they hunt ice‐breeding seals. We evaluated the hypothesis that scavenging on stranded large whale carcasses may have facilitated polar bear survival through past interglacial periods during which sea‐ice was limited by analyzing: (1) present‐day scavenging by polar bears on large whale carcasses; (2) energy values of large whale species; and (3) the ability of polar bears, like the brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) from which they evolved, to quickly store large amounts of lipids and to fast for extended periods. We concluded that scavenging on large whale carcasses likely facilitated survival of polar bears in past interglacial periods when access to seals was reduced. In a future, ice‐impoverished Arctic, whale carcasses are less likely to provide nutritional refuge for polar bears because overharvesting by humans has greatly reduced large whale populations, carcass availability is geographically limited, and climate‐induced sea‐ice loss is projected to occur at a more rapid pace than polar bears have experienced at any previous time in their evolutionary history.

Topic: Marine animal studies overview
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
PERANAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SCRAMBLE TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI KELAS III SD ISLAM DATOK SULAIMAN PALOPO

This study aims to determine the implementation of scramble type cooperative learning models and to find out the learning interests of students who apply the model and to know the supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of scramble type cooperative learning models in increasing student interest in social studies in Grade III Islamic Elementary School Datok Sulaiman Palopo. This study uses a type of qualitative descriptive research carried out in class III Islamic Elementary School Datok Sulaiman Palop. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of a scramble type cooperative model makes students directly active in learning activities. The learning interest of students who apply scramble type cooperative learning models on social studies subjects has increased with students participating in learning activities. The supporting factors include the teacher providing motivation and understanding of the purpose of group division. While the inhibiting factors are the limited understanding of the teacher towards students, the use of monotonous learning models, and low learning ability of students. Thus, the role of scramble type cooperative learning models is very effective in increasing students' interest in learning in social studies subjects in class III SD Islam Datok Sulaiman Palopo.

Topic: Education and Character Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SWEET SORGHUM HARVEST FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN THE PIEDMONT

ABSTRACT Three systems for harvesting and processing sweet sorghum stalks to produce juice for fermentation to ethanol were compared using computer simulation. The costs are estimated at $0.56, $0.63, and $0.87/L of potential ethanol for Systems A, B, and C, respectively. The difference between Systems A and B was primarily due to the estimated values of the by-products produced by the systems, and since these values have not been thoroughly established, it was recommended that research continue on both System A and System B. Improvements in juice sugar levels from 15 to 18 Brix, and/or whole-stalk yields from 42 to 60 Mg/ha would significantly lower costs for all systems. KEYWORDS. Sweet sorghum, Harvesting, Processing, Ethanol.

Topic: Bioenergy crop production and management
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
CCDC 1526116: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Hyperprolactinaemia with amisulpride.

Psychopharmaca are used in treatment of psychiatric illnesses and disorders, among other therapeutic possibilities. The choice of the psychopharmaca is determined by the specific psychopathology of the patient, within the diagnostic categories, according to the current classification of diseases and disorders. With the advances in pharmaco industry, the range of drugs used in the everyday clinical practice is occurring at a very rapid pace. Antipsychotic medications are used in treatment of mainly psychotic disorders. However, the new generation of antipsychotics, due to their specific receptor affinities, is sometimes used in treatment of affective disorders as well. We are reporting a case of a female patient who was hospitalized several times. Amisulpride was introduced in the treatment and due to a series of unfortunate events and changes that followed (i. e. frequent hospitalizations and changes of therapists, different mental institutions) dose of amisulpride was gradually increased to its antipsychotic doses, which did not help achieve therapeutic benefits, but serious side effects.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development and Thermal Requirements of Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

The carabid beetle Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is noteworthy for its predatory capabilities and its generalist function in the habitat. This study aimed to assess the influence of different temperatures on the development of A. basistriata and determine its thermal requirements. The insect was fed with larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and maintained at 18, 22, 25, and 28 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, and 14-hour photoperiod. There were significant differences in the development time of stages and instars of A. basistriata as a function of temperature. Threshold temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and preimaginal development were 10.68, 11.32, 12.67, and 11.73 °C, respectively. The thermal constants were 82.41, 264.83, 84.57, and 664.89 degree-days, respectively. The highest number of A. basistriata individuals reached the adult stage in the shortest time of development at 28 °C, where 70 % of survival was recorded. This finding suggests that 28 °C is the most favorable temperature for rearing this carabid species under laboratory conditions.

Topic: Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Gbest guided artificial bee colony algorithm for emission minimization incorporating wind power

This paper presents an emission minimization economic dispatch problem to investigate effects of wind power on emission control. The random nature of wind power is characterized by weibull probability distribution function to solve the probabilistic wind-thermal economic emission dispatch problem. The terms like overestimation and underestimation of available wind power are included in this optimization study. Gbest guided ABC is used to minimize emission function and implemented in a computer program. A case study on six and forty unit systems is provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, showing how the optimized generation mix can affect the power handling capacity of system. To validate the effectiveness of algorithm an economic emission dispatch problem is solved without considering wind power and results are compared with techniques given in old literatures.

Topic: Electric Power System Optimization
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Design of fluorescence immunoassays. Perspectives for continuous monitoring of biological warface agents.

This thesis was devoted to the design of fluorescence immunoassays aiming at the detection of biological warfare agents. We developed a new concept of competitive immunoassay for continuous flow detection involving a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This procedure is based on the use of an heterotrifunctional reagent (tripod) bearing i) a fluorophore donor (D), ii) a molecule structurally close to the target and iii) a linker to the solid phase. The binding of an anti-target antibody labeled with an acceptor molecule (A) on the tripod generates the decrease of the donor emission via the FRET phenomenon (quenching). The presence of the target competiting with the tripod for the binding to the antibody leads to an increase of the fluorescence signal. The solid phase can be easily further reactivated by adding the labeled antibody. This method was evaluated in microtiter plates using small molecules (substance P, atrazine, aflatoxine) and larger proteins (β-lactoglobuline, botulinum toxin, ricin). Spectral properties of the dyes, A/D ratio and A-D distance were demonstrated to have largely influenced FRET efficiency and hereby the sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity also strongly depends on the binding characteristics of the antibody. The main difficulty lies on the relative affinity characteristics of the antibody towards the tripod and the analyte, since the antibody should exhibit ideally a strong affinity for the tripod and even stronger affinity for the analyte. Assays performed in glass microcells using a CCD camera and a fluorescence microscope allowed continuous-flow detection and are promising for the build-up of a biosensor. We also present a simple method for performing rapid assays in microtiter plates thanks to the difference in fluorescence signal observed between free and immobilized dyes which proved to be efficient for the design of a simultaneous multiplexed immunoassay.

Topic: Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences