jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Discovery of New Dual Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors Based on the Benzenesulfonamide‐Bearing 4‐Thiazolidinones/2,4‐Thiazolidinediones Scaffold

ABSTRACT Dual‐targeting drug design has become a popular approach in investigating and developing potent anticancer agents. In this regard, carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR‐2) are emerging as highly effective targets in the battle against cancer. In the present study, two series of 4‐thiazolidinones/2,4‐thiazolidinediones carrying 2‐methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential dual CAIX/VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. All the target compounds were evaluated against CAIX enzyme compared to dorzolamide and acetazolamide, subsequently the most potent CAIX inhibitors ( 3a , 3b , 3o , 6d , 6g , and 6i ) were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activity against VEGFR‐2 using sorafenib as a reference drug. These compounds were also evaluated against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and the murine fibroblast 3T3 cell line. According to the results, 3b (CAIX IC 50 = 0.035 µM, VEGFR‐2 IC 50 = 0.093 µM) and 6i (CAIX IC 50 = 0.041 µM, VEGFR‐2 IC 50 = 0.048 µM) emerged the most potent compounds against CAIX and VEGFR‐2. Furthermore, docking studies of selected compounds were performed with the CAIX and the tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR‐2 to comprehend the ligand‐binding interactions. Physicochemical predictions were examined using in silico techniques. In conclusion, these scaffolds present promising leads and furnish promising chemical backbones for the design of potent dual CAIX and VEGFR‐2 inhibitors.b

Topic: Enzyme function and inhibition
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children

Background and Objectives. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between children’s birth weight/length and a risk of overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods. The study involved 747 children from kindergartens, as well as primary and middle schools from southeastern Poland. All the subjects were examined on fasting status. Each child was examined for body mass and height, in order to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and BMI centile. The parents completed a questionnaire related to basic information about the child and the family. Results. In the study group, the male infants presented greater birth body weight and birth body length. A comparison of the distribution of birth weights and lengths between the children with normal BMI and with high BMI showed statistically significant differences only in the case of birth length of 12–15-year-old children and in the group of boys aged 12–15 years. In the case of the female children and the group of 7–11-year-olds a statistically significant difference was found in the BMI centile at a later age—a higher centile was found in the girls and in the children aged 7–11 years classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA). Conclusions. Birth body weight is positively related to BMI centile; however, no significant differences were found in birth weight between children with overweight/obesity and children with normal body weight. Birth length is associated with a lower BMI centile only in boys aged 12–15 years, and lower birth length is found in boys with overweight and obesity.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and analysis of a radial X-band klystron

The radial klystron is a multi-dimensional rf source where the beam is generated by a cylindrical gun and it expands along the radial dimension. The space charge repulsion forces are balanced in the azimuthal direction. We present the design of a low-voltage klystron, showing the single cavity stability and high efficiency.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
22, Conveyance with Two Partial Pendant Seals, Concerning Land Transfer in Kimbolton

"A conveyance by Richard Gayows the Elder (formerly of Catworth in Huntingdonshire) and Thomas Lewys (formerly of Tilbrook in the same county) to Robert Portesoyll and others of land in Wornditch, Kimbolton, beside that owned by the Duke of Buckingham. The land in question is a manse, 12 acres of farmland, and a pasture, and it is noteworthy that the two owners transfer this property to no fewer than eight persons, Portesoyll (a soldier), John Phillips (rector of the church of Shelton), and six others.” [from dealer's note] Written in 15th century secretary hand in Latin. Stain from paper clip at upper right, one horizontal and two vertical folds; otherwise the vellum is very clean and the text quite legible. Two wax seals attached: approximately three-fourths of one seal missing, the other nearly all present. Rose-Wright Manuscript Collection no. 14

Topic: Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Interviewing Vulnerable Populations

Abstract The term “Vulnerable populations” generally refers to research participants whose diminished autonomy renders them particularly susceptible to coercion, undue influence, mistreatment, or exploitation in research contexts. This chapter examines arguments for the utility of distinguishing this category of research participants, as well as critiques of the concept. It then reviews existing scholarship to derive suggestions for best practices for interviewing vulnerable people. Along the way, it emphasizes the critical value of deep contextual knowledge of researched communities to help researchers understand the circumstances creating vulnerability, recognize signals that participants are susceptible to or experiencing harm, and respond accordingly to make research both ethical and valid. Throughout, the chapter offers examples from my own experience doing interviews with Syrians displaced by war since 2011, as well as with Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip about their experiences of occupation and violence.

Topic: Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Compaction of agglomerated alumina powders

The synthesis and Clauberg activity of the 8-carbomethoxyoctanoate (IIe), 9-carbomethoxynonanoate (IIf), 9-carboethoxynonanoate (IIg), 9-carbo-tert-butoxynonanoate (IIh), 8-carboxyoctanoate (IIId), 9-oxo-10-diazodecanoate (IVd), 5-oxo-6-hydroxyhexanoate (Va), and 6-oxo-7-hydroxyheptanoate (Vb) esters of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone are reported and compared to the activity of related compounds.

Topic: Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
<sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of linear trimers of buta‐1,3‐diene obtained from the Ziegler–Natta process

Abstract Titanium‐based Ziegler–Natta catalysts for the polymerization of buta‐1,3‐diene give linear trimers of butadiene among other by‐products. A combination of 1 H and 13 C NMR, DEPT and 2D‐INADEQUATE gives exhaustive assignments of their 13 C NMR spectra and affords their structures. All these trimers are dodeca‐2,4,6,10‐tetraenes which have an isolated cis double bond. The internal double bond of the conjugated triad has a trans configuration in each isomer, and the trimers differ only in the outer double bonds. The 13 C NMR spectra of the timers reveal that the signal position of the carbon involved in the conjugated double bond series is mainly controlled by the configuration of the adjacent double bond and, to a lesser extent, by the geometry of its own double bond. The oligomers studied serve as models for polyacetylene. Some reassignments in the spectra of oligomers of terminal acetylenes are proposed.

Topic: Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using AHP to Prioritize Barriers in Developing Medical Tourism: Case of Turkey

Introduction : In the globalizing world; the concept of medical tourism comes to the fore with the increase in travel freedoms between countries, easier transportation facilities, and the increased quality of healthcare services in different countries. This study aims to examine the barriers to developing medical tourism and prioritize the factors to give an insight on where to allocate resources in the scope of a conceptual framework on medical tourism. Methods : Barriers to medical tourism in Turkey were identified based on the literature and experts’ opinions. As a result of the expert opinions, 23 factors were identified and grouped under five main categories. The analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize the factors. A pair-wise comparison form was prepared by the researcher and sent to experts. The data obtained from these forms was analyzed and weights were calculated. Results : The factors were ranked from most important to least important as follows: negative corporate image (w=0.319), quality of healthcare (w=0.198), incompatible regulations/law (w=0.177), human resources (w=0.163), and underdeveloped infrastructure (w=0.142). Conclusion : It was determined that the development of medical tourism is not sufficient, despite the great potential of Turkey in terms of technological healthcare services and attractiveness of tourism destinations. Major attempts should be made in marketing to attract medical tourists.

Topic: Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Effect of N2 Replacement by CO2 in Coaxial-Flow on the Combustion and Emission of a Diffusion Flame

In this study, a double concentric burner burning methane with an annular coaxially-flowing oxidizer was adopted to operate the diffusion flame in lifted flame regime. The effects of coaxial-flow velocity, coaxial-flow composition variation through total and partial replacement of N2, and coaxial-flow oxygen enrichment were experimentally investigated in terms of the resultant changes in the flame stability, and thermal and emission characteristics. Consistent with the triple flame theory, the current stability tests show a linear increase in flame lift height with increasing coaxial-flow velocity and the blowout of lifted flames occurred at constant flame tip height. Replacement of N2 by CO2 in the coaxial-flow deteriorated the flame stability by significantly reducing the threshold coaxial-flow velocity. Due to combustion enhancement that is caused by oxygen enrichment, the threshold coaxial-flow velocity increased and this increase is more significant for the N2-diluted flame than CO2-diluted. Two of the most important NOx formation mechanisms, Zeldovich and Fenimore, were analyzed under the relatively low temperature flame conditions, generally below 1300 °C in this study. Results show that NOx is principally produced via the Fenimore mechanism for both N2- and CO2-diluted flames. NOx productions can be significantly affected by coaxial-flow composition and coaxial-flow velocity. An increase in the velocity of N2-diluted coaxial-flow increases NOx emissions, while a reverse trend occurred, as N2 in the coaxial-flow was replaced or partially replaced by CO2, which is ascribed to the strong combustion-resisting behavior of CO2. For all cases, CO emissions vary in the opposite direction of NOx emissions. Due to the strong thermal and chemical effects of CO2 on combustion in comparison to N2, total or partial replacement of N2 by CO2 results in a steep increase in CO emissions.

Topic: Combustion and flame dynamics
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Role of the Chantress (Šmyt) in Ancient Egypt

This study looks at what is meant by the term 'Smyt', or 'chantress', in ancient Egypt (including New Kingdom, Third Intermediate Period, Middle Kingdom, Late and Ptolemaic Periods). Very little is known about the specifics of the title or the types of people who held it. Both men and women could hold the title, but the female version is by far the more prevalent and they form the focus of this research. Studies investigating the status of non-royal women are a fairly recent phenomenon, but the abundance of data from private tombs and monuments concerning the women who held the title Smyt makes these women ideal subjects for a study of non-royal women within their cultural and historical contexts.

Topic: Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Nasal airflow asymmetry and the effects of a topical nasal decongestant.

Nasal airway resistance (NAR) is normally asymmetrical due to the nasal cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the degree of this asymmetry in healthy subjects and those with acute rhinitis associated with common cold, and to investigate how the administration of a topical nasal decongestant (xylometazoline) influenced the asymmetry in NAR. Unilateral NAR was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry, and was shown to be asymmetrical in both healthy subjects and those suffering with acute rhinitis. The asymmetry in NAR was greater in those with acute rhinitis than in the healthy group, with a ratio between "high" and "low" sides of 2.3:1 in the rhinitis group compared to a ratio of 1.7:1 in the healthy subjects. Administration of a topical nasal decongestant caused a significant decrease in total NAR in both groups and abolished the asymmetry in NAR in the healthy subjects (ratio is 1:1 after decongestion). However, significant asymmetry of NAR was still present in the group with acute rhinitis following the administration of decongestant (ratio is 1.5:1 after decongestion). These findings show that the normal asymmetry in NAR was increased during acute rhinitis associated with common cold, and that in healthy subjects (but not in those with rhinitis) the asymmetry was abolished by administration of a topical decongestant. The results are discussed in relation to nasal sympathetic tone and nasal blood flow.

Topic: Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Contour expansion algorithm preprocessed by hough transform and circular shortest path for ovoid objects

Circular and ovoidal objects such as cells and supramolecular complexes are very common in bio-imaging. In order to do measurements on such objects, the accurate detection of these objects from microscope images is essential. Therefore our objective is finding accurate and reliable methods to extract the contour delineating the object. In earlier work, we have shown to be successful in achieving this objective through dynamic programming, where we used Hough transform and a minimal path algorithm to estimate the contour location. However, due to the inherently fuzzy nature of edges and as microscope imaging can be very delicate, a refinement of the initial estimate is sometimes required. In these cases the minimal path is no longer the ultimate valid representation of the contour. This paper describes an expansion algorithm in the polar image that is created for each object; with this new algorithm we achieve the necessary refinement of contours. From previous results we can assess the improvement to existing segmentation methods, including our own approach. The exact contour contributes in the accomplishment of precise measurements of the objects so that machine learning techniques can better recognize the subtle patterns within the data. As the method is geared to ovoid like objects, it can be easily generalized to other image of other modalities. Here we apply the method in the domain of yeast cell biology.

Topic: Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
LOAD: Local Orientation Adaptive Descriptor for Texture and Material Classification

In this paper, we propose a novel local feature, called Local Orientation Adaptive Descriptor (LOAD), to capture regional texture in an image. In LOAD, we proposed to define point description on an Adaptive Coordinate System (ACS), adopt a binary sequence descriptor to capture relationships between one point and its neighbors and use multi-scale strategy to enhance the discriminative power of the descriptor. The proposed LOAD enjoys not only discriminative power to capture the texture information, but also has strong robustness to illumination variation and image rotation. Extensive experiments on benchmark data sets of texture classification and real-world material recognition show that the proposed LOAD yields the state-of-the-art performance. It is worth to mention that we achieve a 65.4\% classification accuracy-- which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest record by far --on Flickr Material Database by using a single feature. Moreover, by combining LOAD with the feature extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), we obtain significantly better performance than both the LOAD and CNN. This result confirms that the LOAD is complementary to the learning-based features.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Programming as a tool for across-subjects learning in primary school

Problem and goal. Computational thinking has been introduced in many countries around the world and teachers are working intensely to incorporate programming activities in the classroom. However, teachers are faced with several challenges due to the fact that there is still little research conducted focusing on programming education for younger children, that programming didactics is a rather new phenomenon for the K-9 educational system, and that K-9 teachers have little training with regards to programming. In Sweden for instance, programming has been introduced in several subjects and not as a subject in its own, which create a pressure on teachers to utilize programming as an instrument to teach and enhance learning of different subjects such as mathematics. Methodology. In this paper, we report on a larger lesson study conducted in a primary school (sixth grade) in Sweden with a total of 155 participating pupils. The aim of the lesson was to study whether the visual programming languages, Scratch , in particular, can be used to teach computational thinking, mathematics and social science in an interdisciplinary way. Results. Thus, the paper more specifically presents findings related to: 1) reflections of the use of lesson study methodology to develop programming education; 2) how programming can be utilized as an instrument to teach mathematics as well as social sciences in an interdisciplinary way; and 3) the didactical strategies employed by the teachers. Conclusion. The evidence from this study suggests that the interdisciplinary character of the lesson which incorporates learning goals of mathematics, social science and programming was highly beneficial. The pupils gained a better understanding of learning material by drawing, digitalizing and animating their ideas in Scratch .

Topic: Teaching and Learning Programming
Subfield: Computer Science Applications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kidney is Being Attacked: MDCT Findings, Pathology, Clinical Correlation and Algorithmic Approach of Renal Infection.

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-0986 / Kidney is Being Attacked: MDCT Findings, Pathology, Clinical Correlation and Algorithmic Approach of Renal Infection. by: M. Shebel1, M. Dighe2, H. Abou El Atta1, T. A. El-Diasty1; 1Mansoura/EG, 2Seattle, WA/US

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Group 5 Metal Alkyl and Alkylidene Complexes Containing 2,6‐Dialkylphenoxide Ligands: X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (Ta(OC6H3Me2‐2,6)2(CH2Ph)3), (Ta(OC6H3Me2‐2,6)4Me), and (Ta(OC6H3tBu2‐2,6)2(=CHSiMe3)(CH2SiMe3)).

Abstract The alkyl and alkylidene Ta and Nb complexes (III) and (VIIa) containing 2,6‐dialkylphenoxide ligation are readily obtained by alkylation of the corresponding mixed chloroaryloxides (I) or (VI).

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Case of gas gangrene in the neck.

A case of gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum in the neck is reported. The patient was a 62-year-old man who was repeatedly treated by excision and surgical debridment. Computed tomography (CT) was useful in monitoring the location and extension of gas bubbles.

Topic: Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Reductant-Free Aerobic Hydroxylation of Isoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-dione Derivatives

Base-catalyzed efficient hydroxylation of isoquinoline-1,3(2 H,4 H)-diones with air under transition-metal-free and reductant-free conditions was established. This methodology is essentially mild and compatible with a broad range of substrates, including aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl groups. Also, the product could be simply transformed into a hydroxylated tetrahydroisoquinoline core structure through a reductive process.

Topic: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
An Integrated Stress Process Theory: Viewing Intersections of Crime and Mental Illness

Conventional perspectives dichotomize mental illness and crime into distinct and largely unrelated categories.Both "being mad" and "being bad" (Mechanic, 1999) involve social deviance, yet each is ascribed with Criminal and mentally ill populations have traditionally been addressed by different systems and corrective philosophies.Recent studies, however, have identified high prevalence rates of depression and substance abuse disorders among inmates.Such comorbidity presents numerous conceptual challenges.Mental health theories are not designed to explain crime; criminology is not calibrated to explain depression.This article proposes paradigmatic modifications designed to help theory catch up with data.Criminological concepts of "criminal coping" and "deviant peers" are integrated into the Stress Process paradigm.A theory for explaining comorbidity and covariation of crime and mental illness is proposed.Social policy implications are raised.

Topic: Resilience and Mental Health
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on a New Virus (OMV) from Oncorhynchus mason-II.

Among survivors of experimental infection of herpesvirus OMV which was considered to be a new viral pathogen of salmonids producing hepatic necrosis and significant mortality, more than 60% developed tumors. The perioral maxillary and mandibular region are the most frequent site of tumor formation. In decreasing order of frequency, tumors were also found on the caudal fin, gill-cover, eye, and kidney.Histopathologically the tumors were composed of abundantly proliferative, well differentiated epithelial cells supported by fine connective tissue stroma.Although virus particles were not observed in tumor cells, OMV isolation was successful from a tumor tissue sample that appeared necrotic on day 275 postinfection and from primary cultures of a tumor tissue from another fish sampled 296 days postinfection.From the evidence thus far obtained, OMV is considered to be a new pathogenic and oncogenic salmon virus.It is the first oncogenic agent to be isolated from fish.

Topic: Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences