jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis patients are disproportionally at risk for depression and anxiety due to changes in functional status and financial and practical concerns. More recently in the year 2020, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) brought many behavioral and lifestyle changes related to quarantine policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in depression, anxiety, and stress among hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cohort study recruited 13 participants, ranging from age 18 to 60. Paper surveys were distributed to patients during treatment within an inpatient dialysis unit. This study used a modified version of the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress “before” the pandemic, as well as “during” the pandemic. A majority of participants’ final scores for depression and anxiety remained unchanged across the two time periods (53.8% and 69.2%, respectively). Of those participants, 53.8% demonstrated an increase in final stress scores with the emergence of the pandemic. Findings suggest that increases in stress among hemodialysis patients may be related to variables of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to personal risks and vulnerabilities, managing end stage renal disease and facing a global disease may explain the sample’s stress scores. Caregivers and healthcare providers should routinely assess hemodialysis patients’ cognitive, behavioral and emotional wellbeing. Further evaluation of exacerbating factors is needed to explore the overall effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among the population.

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Screening of Suitable Mixed Grass Species and Seeding Rates of Four Native Grass Seeds in an Alpine Mining Area

The targeting of suitable mixed grass species and seeding rates of native grass seed in the process of ecological restoration in alpine mining areas is unclear. Four kinds of native grass seed (Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai, Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai, Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde and Pedicularis kansuensis) were selected as experimental materials to set up mixed sowing tests in the Muli mining area, which were analyzed for changes in plant coverage, biomass, forage nutrient composition, and soil physicochemical properties under different mixed grass species and seeding rates, aiming to provide a data reference and theoretical basis for the screening of suitable mixed grass species and seeding rates for artificial grassland planting in alpine mining areas. The results showed that the mixed grass species and seeding rate (HF) of Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai + Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai + Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde + Pedicularis kansuensis had the highest vegetation coverage (97.33%). At the same time, the aboveground biomass of HF was the largest (356.27 g·m−2). The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium of HF increased by 37.05%, 28.11%, 34.68%, and 10.14%, respectively, compared with CK, and the difference was significant (p &lt; 0.05). Principal component analysis was carried out on 23 indexes of vegetation and soil. It was found that nine indexes, including coverage, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, soluble sugar, and soil organic matter content, were the key indexes of evaluation. By sorting the membership functions of the above indicators, it was found that among the 12 mixed grass species and seeding rates, the comprehensive evaluation value of HF was the highest (0.848). In summary, it is recommended that the mixed grass species and seeding rate of Poa pratensis cv Qinghai + Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai + Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde + Pedicularis kansuensis be adopted for ecological restoration in alpine mining areas; this mixed grass species and seeding rate can effectively promote plant growth and development and improve the physicochemical properties of the soil, which can improve the stability and sustainability of the artificial grassland in the alpine mining area.

Topic: Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma and <scp>BK</scp> virus in a young kidney transplant recipient

Abstract Kidney transplant recipients have a heightened risk of developing neoplasms. Immunosuppressive treatments decrease the incidence of transplant rejection but increase the risk of infections, including BK virus ( BKV ). This infection is acquired in childhood and remains latent in the renal and urinary epithelium. In cases of immunodeficiency, BKV has been implicated as a tumor virus, but the role of BKV in cancer is a controversial topic and is difficult to determine. In the tumor cells, it is possible to detect fragments of the viral genome that could alter the control mechanisms of the cell cycle and DNA repair. We report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed BKV nephropathy and carcinoma of the bladder, supporting a possible role for BKV in the oncogenic pathway in this clinical setting, but the role of BKV in cancer remains a controversial topic and difficult to determine.

Topic: Polyomavirus and related diseases
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
ORGaNICs: A Theory of Working Memory in Brains and Machines

Working memory is a cognitive process that is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information. Most of the empirical neuroscience research on working memory has focused on measuring sustained activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and/or parietal cortex during simple delayed-response tasks, and most of the models of working memory have been based on neural integrators. But working memory means much more than just holding a piece of information online. We describe a new theory of working memory, based on a recurrent neural circuit that we call ORGaNICs (Oscillatory Recurrent GAted Neural Integrator Circuits). ORGaNICs are a variety of Long Short Term Memory units (LSTMs), imported from machine learning and artificial intelligence. ORGaNICs can be used to explain the complex dynamics of delay-period activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a working memory task. The theory is analytically tractable so that we can characterize the dynamics, and the theory provides a means for reading out information from the dynamically varying responses at any point in time, in spite of the complex dynamics. ORGaNICs can be implemented with a biophysical (electrical circuit) model of pyramidal cells, combined with shunting inhibition via a thalamocortical loop. Although introduced as a computational theory of working memory, ORGaNICs are also applicable to models of sensory processing, motor preparation and motor control. ORGaNICs offer computational advantages compared to other varieties of LSTMs that are commonly used in AI applications. Consequently, ORGaNICs are a framework for canonical computation in brains and machines.

Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Examining Moderators of the Hindsight Bias in the Context of Civil Legal Decision-Making: Counterfactuals, Causal Proximity, and Self-Referencing

The current research sought to clarify the diverging relationships between counterfactual thinking and hindsight bias observed in the literature thus far. In a non-legal context, Roese and Olson (1996) found a positive relationship between counterfactuals and hindsight bias, such that counterfactual mutations that undid the outcome also increased participants’ ratings of the outcome’s a priori likelihood. Further, they determined that this relationship is mediated by causal attributions about the counterfactually mutated antecedent event. Conversely, in the context of a civil lawsuit, Robbennolt and Sobus (1997) found that the relationship between counterfactual thinking and hindsight bias is negative. The current research sought to resolve the conflicting findings in the literature within a legal context. In Experiment One, the manipulation of the normality of the defendant’s target behavior, designed to manipulate participants’ counterfactual thoughts about said behavior, did moderate the hindsight effect of outcome knowledge on mock jurors’ judgments of the foreseeability of that outcome as well as their negligence verdicts. Although I predicted that counterfactual thinking would increase, or exacerbate, the hindsight bias, as found by Roese and Olson (1996), my results provided some support for Robbenolt and Sobus’s (1997) finding that counterfactual thinking decreases the hindsight bias. Behavior normality did not moderate the hindsight effect of outcome knowledge in Experiment Two, nor did causal proximity in Experiment Three. Additionally, my hypothesis that self-referencing may be an effective hindsight debiasing technique received little support across the three experiments. Although both the self-referencing instructions and self-report measure consistently decreased mock jurors’ likelihood of finding the defendant negligent, and self-referencing instructions decreased their foreseeability ratings in studies two and three, the self-referencing manipulation did not interact with outcome knowledge to moderate a hindsight bias effect on either foreseeability or negligence judgments. The consistent pattern of results across the three experiments, however, suggests that self-referencing may be an effective technique in reducing the likelihood of negligence verdicts.

Topic: Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Subfield: General Decision Sciences
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Soil Survey of Iowa, Report No. 75—Guthrie County Soils

Guthrie County is located in the west central part of Iowa, in the fourth tier of counties north of the Missouri state line and in the fourth tier east of the Missouri River. It is partly in the Wisconsin drift soil area and partly in the Mississippi loess, the Missouri loess and the Southern Iowa loess soil areas. The soils are, therefore, partly of glacial origin and partly of loessial origin, loess types representing all three loess areas occurring in the county.

Topic: Archaeology and Natural History
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of magnetic field and isotopic substitution upon the infrared absorption of manganites

Employing a variational approach that takes into account electron-phonon and\nmagnetic interactions in $La_{1-x}A_xMnO_3$ perovskites with $0&lt;x&lt;0.5$, the\neffects of the magnetic field and the oxygen isotope substitution on the phase\ndiagram, the electron-phonon correlation function and the infrared absorption\nat $x=0.3$ are studied. The lattice displacements show a strong correlation\nwith the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the system. Then the\nconductivity spectra are characterized by a marked sensitivity to the external\nparameters near the phase boundary.\n

Topic: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Retaining Style in Literary Prose Translation: A Stylistic Approach to Translating McCarthy's The Road

This thesis argues that the concept of style, here defined as the distinctive set of linguistic features that characterize a particular text, is currently underprioritized in the field of literary translation studies and should be given a more central position for three main reasons: the inextricability of form and content; the primarily aesthetic function of literature; and the representative function of translation. It proposes a style-centered approach to literary prose translation, which involves thorough stylistic analysis of the source text and the identification and meticulous application of translation procedures that fit within its stylistic framework, as well as the avoidance of translation procedures that would interfere with the source-text style. My analysis of two passages from Cormac McCarthy's (2006) novel The Road and its Dutch translation revealed that a style-centered approach would have significantly improved the degree of what I termed 'stylistic correspondence' between source text and target text. The style-centered approach could thus help improve the degree of stylistic correspondence between literary source texts and target texts and hereby aid style in assuming its rightful, more central position in literary translation studies.

Topic: Modern American Literature Studies
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Determination of volatile organic compound in carpets with ETC-ATD-GC/MS method

A testing method of determination of 13 kinds of VOCs in carpets with environment test chamber(ETC),auto thermal desorption(ATD)and gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS)is established.In this method,the limit ranges of detection(LODs)for various VOCs are 0.008～0.4μg/m~3,the average recovery ranges from 90%to 106%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)is less than 11%.Test results of various commercial carpet samples with this method show that,the kinds of VOCs in carpets depend on its backing materials;much 2-ethyl-l-hexanal is observed over square carpets with asphalt backing,and much styrene and 4-phenyl cyclohexene over those carpets with yellow hessian-based backing or polyester backing, and alkanes(straight-chained and branched-chain)over those with thin polypropylene backing.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers in the Deep Contextualized Era

Agnieszka Falenska, Anders Björkelund, Jonas Kuhn. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2020 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies. 2020.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CSD 2016602: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E‐cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N‐cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP‐GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP‐GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O ‐GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O ‐GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O ‐GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481–491, 2018 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Rapid Screening for Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)-TOF-MS

Synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are classified as "designated substances", and comprise a new class of illegal drugs. In order to offer rapid and expert testimony on these drugs, a screening method that uses direct analysis in real time (DART TM) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed. DART enabled the direct introduction of a sample without any pretreatment, such as extraction and cleanup. The positive-ion mode was suitable for ionization in TOF-MS. It was also possible to accurately measure the mass of each drug. The mass spectra clearly showed all peaks representing the protonated molecules of synthetic cannabinoids (14 types) and synthetic cathinones (three types). The analysis of samples of herbal products, plant leaves, and tablets was possible without any pre-processing of the samples. As a result, stimulants, cannabis components, and several synthetic cannabinoids (such as JWH-210, AM2201, JWH-203, JWH-081, 4-methylehcathinone, and naphyrone) were identified in each sample. With DART-TOF-MS, the mass spectrum was obtained in a few seconds. The analysis with DART-TOF-MS was proven to be useful for screening controlled substances.

Topic: Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Subfield: Toxicology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Kabuki Syndrome: a case report with severe ocular abnormalities

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by five fundamental features, the "Pentad of Niikawa": dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental retardation and postnatal growth deficiency. Patients present characteristic external ocular features, nonetheless they may also present significant ocular abnormalities. We report a case of a brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, addressing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the ocular manifestations. This case highlights the existence of this syndrome and all of its complexity. The identification of preventable causes of loss of vision underlines the value of detailed ophthalmologic examination of Kabuki syndrome patients.

Topic: Genomics and Rare Diseases
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Remapping disclosure: gay men's segmented journeys of moving out and coming out

Drawing on recent work that examines the contingent, personal nature of queer migration, this paper provides empirical support for recent claims that coming-out journeys are more complex than the linear, often rural-to-urban typologies that have framed them during the past two decades. Since coming-out journeys are rarely elaborated beyond a conceptual level, overly teleological understandings involving homophobic, rural places, inclusive urban homelands, and one-time, linear ‘flights’ and ‘escapes’ persist. Employing the migration narratives of 48 self-identified gay men who settled in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Washington, DC, USA, this paper challenges the linearity and finality of coming-out migration by highlighting particular segments of the journey. These include short-term trips to scout the gay life potentials of places, migrations that result in a degree of re-entry into ‘the closet,’ relocations that allow men to test or try on different places and identities, and moves (or imminent moves) that ‘trigger’—rather than stem from—a coming-out process. Taken together, these segments suggest that coming-out journeys are ongoing, relational, and often discontinuous journeys influenced by both queer individuals’ intersectional subjectivities (e.g., age, race, and class) and the social contexts of the places they encounter.

Topic: LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
The seven pillars of a winning strategic architecture in emerging markets

Purpose This viewpoint reflection draws upon the authors’ ongoing experience and research in the agribusiness sector and aims to propose a framework for succeeding in emerging markets and offer some insights that run counter to traditional approaches and practices. Despite its economic, social and political significance, the agribusiness sector remains neglected in mainstream academic scholarship. Additionally, much research presents an MNC-centric view, despite the success of several local firms. The framework presented in this viewpoint reflection identifies seven pillars of a winning strategic architecture to succeed in emerging markets and encourages future scholarship that theoretically elaborates and specifies boundaries for each of the practices that underpin it. Design/methodology/approach This viewpoint draws upon our experience, case studies, and ongoing primary research on the agribusiness sector. It is meant to be a “call for future research” as opposed to testing or elaborating theory. Findings This paper proposes a framework on seven pillars of a winning strategic architecture – benefits of centralization, satisficing, avoiding short-term myopia, developing own talent, more playfulness and experimentation, customer-driven product development and novel types of process innovation – and encourage future scholarship to theoretically elaborate and specify boundaries for each of these practices. Research limitations/implications This paper offers a winning architecture template of seven practices and urges future theory to test, elaborate and establish boundaries for these practices. Practical implications The seven practices offered in this paper will allow managers to question prior assumptions and rethink their business models. Social implications Although the agribusiness sector is one of the largest and most important sectors in emerging markets, it remains neglected in much scholarship. This sector employs large numbers of people and focuses on one of the most important aspects of society (i.e. food). Originality/value This paper offers several country intuitive insights on the seven elements of a winning strategic architecture. Examples include: advocating centralization and/or vertical integration, building as opposed to buying talent, satisficing as opposed to excelling and a greater focus on long-term and relational approaches even though they might appear to be inefficient in the short term.

Topic: Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
Subfield: Business and International Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences