jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Post-grazing Sward Height on Ingestive Behavior, Dry Matter Intake, and Milk Production of Holstein Dairy Cows

Sward height is strongly related to the daily dry matter intake of grazing dairy cows, which consequently determines animal performance. Despite that, few studies have explored the potential to increase milk production by managing post-grazing sward height. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of three defoliation intensities on a Lolium arundinaceum -based pasture on frequency and length of grazing meals and ruminating bouts, daily grazing and ruminating time, feeding stations and patches exploration, and dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows. The treatments imposed were three different post-grazing sward heights: control (TC), medium (TM), and lax (TL), which were managed with 6, 9, and 12 cm of post-grazing sward heights during autumn and winter, and 9, 12, and 15 cm of post-grazing sward heights during spring, respectively. Thirty-six autumn-calving Holstein cows were grouped by parity (2.6 ± 0.8), body weight (618 ± 48) kg, and body condition score (2.8 ± 0.2) and randomized to the treatments. The pasture was accessed from 08:00 to 14:00 and 17:00 to 03:00 during spring and no supplement was involved during the evaluation period. Daily grazing time averaged 508 ± 15 min and was not affected by treatment. The reduction of post-grazing sward height increased the length of the first grazing session in the morning and the afternoon. The number of grazing sessions was greater on TL than on TM, with no difference in TC. The number of feeding stations (the hypothetical semi-circle in front of an animal from which the bites were taken without moving the front forefeet) visited was less on TC than on TL, and neither of them differed from TM. Dry matter (DM) intake was lesser on TC than on TM and TL (14.7 vs. 17.8 kg DM). Milk production during the evaluation period was 13.1, 16.2, and 18.7 kg/day for TC, TM, and TL, respectively. The milk fat, protein, and lactose content did not differ between treatments. The cows on TC exhibited a lower intake rate, although they were less selective, probably as a consequence of the sward structure of TC treatment. The cows on TM adopted a compensation mechanism which allowed them to achieve the same dry matter intake as cows on TL, but lower milk production. The cows on TL were more selective than TC and TM resulting in higher digestible dry matter intake and consequently higher milk production. The intensity of defoliation impacts on the animal-plant interaction, and constitutes a valuable management tool that can be used to boost forage intake and milk production. The new developments on information technology would allow researchers to link behavioral data with response variables (e.g., milk production, health, welfare, etc.) at different spatio-temporal scales and support short and long-term management decisions.

Topic: Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
QFD and SDE applied to the design of a new non-electric folding bike

Sustainable transportation is an ideal system which simultaneously reduces the environmental impact caused by the mobilisation of people and maximises the efficiency of movements.Nowadays, bicycles represent an optimal solution in terms of sustainability and could make a significant difference for the environment, leading towards a brighter future.The Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (Itdp, 2015) states that CO2 emissions could be reduced by 11% before 2050, and without changing the frequency of usual urban movements, if only the number of cyclists increased by a considerable amount.In the last few years, foldable bicycles in particular, have substantially contributed to the rise and prevalence of bicycles as a major method of daily transport.As a result of their manageable size and convenient ability to fold into just a small occupying space, as well as the ease of transport, foldable bicycles have become a crucial link in the chain of innovative and sustainable transport.After conducting a detailed environmental assessment along with a through market analysis, and by strictly following the principles of Quality Function Deployment and Stylistic Design Engineering we designed Mabroum.Mabroum is a new foldable bicycle which is ideal for moving around the city, safe and comfortable.

Topic: Quality Function Deployment in Product Design
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Abnormal photoelectron angular distribution of Ar atoms in pulsed XUV and IR laser fields

Synopsis We calculated the photoelectron angular distribution of Ar atoms in pulsed XUV and IR laser fields by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and found that the angular distributions of sidebands are not always straight lines in the energy-angle plot as predicted by the strong field approximation. Further study shows that the abnormality is attributed to the photoelectron-nucleus Coulomb interaction. The abnormality depends on the IR intensity, IR pulse duration, XUV photon energy and the time-delay between the two pulses.

Topic: Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals

By using Shannon's sampling formula, the problem of the detection of a deterministic signal in white Gaussian noise, by means of an energy-measuring device, reduces to the consideration of the sum of the squares of statistically independent Gaussian variates. When the signal is absent, the decision statistic has a central chi-square distribution with the number of degrees of freedom equal to twice the time-bandwidth product of the input. When the signal is present, the decision statistic has a noncentral chi-square distribution with the same number of degrees of freedom and a noncentrality parameter λ equal to the ratio of signal energy to two-sided noise spectral density. Since the noncentral chi-square distribution has not been tabulated extensively enough for our purpose, an approximate form was used. This form replaces the noncentral chi-square with a modified chi-square whose degrees of freedom and threshold are determined by the noncentrality parameter and the previous degrees of freedom. Sets of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are drawn for several time-bandwidth products, as well as an extended nomogram of the chi-square cumulative probability which can be used for rapid calculation of false alarm and detection probabilities. Related work in energy detection by J. I. Marcum and E. L Kaplan is discussed.

Topic: Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Semiclassical Birkhoff–Gustavson Normal Forms and Spectral Asymptotics for Nearly Resonant Schrödinger Operators

The concept of near resonances for harmonic approximations of semiclassical Schrödinger operators is introduced and explored. Combined with a natural extension of the Birkhoff–Gustavson normal form, we obtain formulas for approaching the discrete spectrum of such operators which are both accurate and easy to implement. We apply the theory to the physically important case of the near Fermi (i.e. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> ) resonance, for which we propose explicit expressions and numerical computations.

Topic: Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
New world, other value

Recent studies on artistic modernism pay particular attention to the art histories of the non-West by doing less with Western theoretical conducts and how they define “modern art.” The present book, in line with these studies, surveys artistic modernism while it recognizes “modernism” as a response to confluences of social, economic and political forces. The book thus skips frameworks of a comparative study for the strategies that mainly aim to unveil similarities or dissimilarities between what is modern and what is not. It instead returns to and captures the ways artists conceived their works as modern art; moreover, it collects documents which better display the relation between these works and their contextual causes: What is needed more now is an understanding of the necessities which encouraged artists into creating new forms as absolute responses. Parastoo Jafari completed her master’s degree in art research at IAU Tehran with an interest in artistic developments of post–Islamic Revolution Iran. She received a doctoral degree in art history at LMU Munich focusing on material and intellectual contexts of artistic modernism. She collaborated as research assistant with Walter De Gruyter and University of Munich, contributed to curatorial projects on Iranian art and, as an author and translator, works with topics relating to modern and contemporary art with particular attention to Iran.

Topic: Islamic Studies and History
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The Cultural Context of Reproductive Health: Implications for Monitoring the Cairo Agenda

When the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development adopted a reproductive health approach it became necessary to develop and adopt new indicators of progress. While former program experience has been used to further this task less attention has been paid to the underlying conceptual framework or to reconciliation of the goals of 1) developing a universal set of indicators and 2) responding to local conditions. The concept of reproductive health was developed through coalition-building but is nevertheless a cultural construct. Thus challenges to the development of indicators include 1) defining reproductive health and its scope 2) translating concepts into languages that have no equivalents 3) incorporating a gender perspective in settings where even women may seek other goals before seeking empowerment 4) setting appropriate priorities and 5) resolving discrepancies between womens perceptions and expressions of needs and biomedical assessments of their health. It is useful therefore to consider reproductive health indicators as existing on an continuum with quantifiable measures on one end and new indicators on the other to measure socioeconomic conditions changes in awareness satisfaction or well-being and empowerment. These latter measurements must be flexible enough to respond to specific cultural contexts. The very interdisciplinary nature of the current conceptualization of reproductive health will demand development of multidisciplinary interventions.

Topic: Global Maternal and Child Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PREVENTIVE ACTION OF PROXAZOLE IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED RENAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS

Proxazole or 3-α-phenylpropyl-5-β-diethylaminoethyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazole citrate, is an unusual drug because it possesses both anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties (1) and because each of these two properties has some uncommon features. The anti-inflammatory action takes place mostly against edematous responses and is devoid of ulcerogenic effects which are instead produced by most anti-inflammatory drugs; moreover proxazole prevents indomethacin-induced ulcers without exerting any anti-secretory effect (2-3). The antispasmodic activity results in a specific inhibition of smooth muscle spasm, both at the vascular and at the intestinal level, without significant interferences with the physiologic activity of that tissue (1-4). The above data suggested a potential interest in the use of proxazole in pathological situations sustained by ischemic-inflammatory processes. Therefore experiments were undertaken to test proxazole in rats operated according to Grollman (6). In such animals the induced hypertension may be measured and used as an index of renal alterations.

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Observations on fertile populations of two Porella (Porellaceae, Marchantiophyta) species from Kumaun Region in the Western Himalaya, India

The unrecorded androecia and feebly described gynoecia in Indian specimens of two Porella species, namely, P. densifolia subsp. appendiculata (Steph.) S. Hatt. and P. campylophylla var. ptychantha (Mitt.) F. Shaheen &amp; S.C. Sriv., collected from Kumaun region in the state of Uttarakhand in Western Himalaya, are being described and compared besides observing variations in vegetative features of the plants.

Topic: Bryophyte Studies and Records
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Modeling Optimal Time Allocation for Work and Personal Life at The National Level (Case in Lithuania)

The article deals with the acute phenomenon in the 21st century – the distribution of time for work and personal life. Employed people in the modern society are most frequently faced with problems of work-life conflict. For this reason, this article primarily focuses on determination of optimal time allocation for work and personal life. First, this study analyzes the theoretical aspects of time allocation for work and personal life. Subsequently, a model for optimal time allocation for work and personal life is presented and the research methodology is substantiated. The model is realized by solving the multicriterial (target) optimization problem using weighting coefficients and priority methods and performing sensitivity analysis. This model is composed based on the employed population of Lithuania, but it can be adapted to other countries as well. In this case, the original questionnaire and time diary data should be obtained in the country under investigation. The results of the empirical research carried out showed that the population in Lithuania in 2017 begins to devote more time to personal life compared to 2003. Nevertheless, employed populations do not optimally allocate time between work and private life. For this reason, the article provides recommendations for employed people in Lithuania seeking to balance distribution of time for work and personal life, taking into consideration the current and desired monthly net wages.

Topic: Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Does buck stimulation affect the reproductive performance of goats synchronized with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MAP) sponges?

This investigation was executed to determine effect of buck exposure on estrus response, onset of standing estrus, ovulation rate, conception rate and pregnancy rate in goats synchronized with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges. Sponges were placed inside the vagina for fifteen days in buck exposed and isolated groups. Post sponge withdrawal, estrus activities were continuously observed. The interval between sponge withdrawal and the onset of standing estrus were 32.3±10 h (18-51 h) and 45.2±10.9 h (27-51h) in buck isolated and exposed group respectively (p&lt;0.05). Ovulation and conception rates were confirmed by serum progesterone level using radioimmunoassay. Ovulation rates were 100% in both groups and conception rates were 93% and 100% in buck exposed and in isolated group respectively (p&gt;0.05). Pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound on day 35 post mating which were 93%, was and 69% in buck exposed and isolated group respectively (p&gt;0.05). Based upon the evidence, it was inference that post sponge removal sudden buck exposure cause markedly earlier estrus onset while the continuous buck exposure was unable to show significantly impact on conception and pregnancy rates compare to isolated group.

Topic: Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Subfield: Agronomy and Crop Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
The Technical Debt Density Over Multiple Releases and the Refactoring Story

Do developers postpone fixing Technical Debt (TD) in software systems? TD is a metaphor that refers to short-term decisions in software development that may affect the cost of the software development life cycle. The bad smell is an imperfect solution in the software system that negatively impacts the internal software quality and maintainability. In this paper, we will study five open-source software projects (OSSPs) that have several releases and also estimate the numbers of architecture smells (ASs), design smells (DSs), and code smells (CSs) for every release. Designite will be used to detect smells. We describe a case study conducted to explore the following: (1) What is the average smells density for architecture, design, and code smells in an OSSP? (2) Does the density of each smell type increase over multiple releases? (3) What percentage of each smell-type density is eliminated by refactoring? We collected around 2 million LOC from five OSSPs that have multiple releases from the GitHub repository to statistically analyze the software concerning the smells as indicators of TD. We find 36% of Architecture Technical Debt (ATD) is Cyclic Dependency, while 33% of Design Debt (DD) is Cyclically-dependent Modularization. More than 70% of Code Debt (CD) is Magic Number. Even though the developers do refactoring between releases, the TD density in general increases. On average, by refactoring, developers remove around 48%, 16%, and 22% from the introduced ATD, DD, and CD from their next release, respectively.

Topic: Software Engineering Research
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrochemically shape-controlled synthesis of great stellated dodecahedral Au nanocrystals with high-index facets for nitrogen reduction to ammonia

High-index {331} faceted Au great stellated dodecahedra are synthesized by a double-step potential method in an ageing HAuC<sub>l4</sub>/DES solution, which exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for the nitrogen reduction reaction.

Topic: Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Subfield: Catalysis
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Raman Study of the Effect of NaClO<sub>4</sub>and NaI on the Hydrogen-Bonded Structure of Liquid NH<sub>3</sub>

Abstract Recent studies1,2 of the Raman spectra of liquid ammonia have been in disagreement with regard to the assignment of bands in the 3000 cm−1 region. This region is complicated by Fermi resonance between the ν1 (A1) fundamental stretching mode and the 2ν4 (A1) overtone of the bending mode. In an effort to help clarify these assignments and to study further the structure of liquid ammonia, it was decided to measure the Raman spectrum of several salt solutions in liquid ammonia.

Topic: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF PROFILE SIMILARITY INDICES IN THE STUDY OF CONGRUENCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH

Profile similarity indices (PSIs) have become widely used in studies of congruence (i.e., fit, matching, similarity, agreement) in organizational research. PSIs combine two sets of measures, or profiles, from corresponding entities (e.g., the person and organization, supervisor and subordinate, organization and environment) into a single score intended to represent their overall congruence. Unfortunately, PSIs are conceptually ambiguous, discard information essential to testing congruence hypotheses, conceal the source of the difference between entities, and impose a highly restrictive set of constraints on the coefficients relating the measures comprising the PSI to the outcome. This article shows how polynomial regression analysis may be used to avoid problems with PSIs while capturing the underlying relationships PSIs are intended to represent. Limitations and extensions to the procedure are discussed.

Topic: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
On the surjectivity of the power maps of algebraic groups in characteristic zero

In this paper we study the surjectivity of the power maps g → g n for algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.We describe certain necessary and sufficient conditions for surjectivity to hold, and using these results we determine the set of n for which it holds in the case of simple algebraic groups.The results are also applied to study the exponentiality of algebraic groups.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fiber - Optic Loop Network With Active Nodes For An Electrical Power Plant

This paper presents a fiber optic loop network for a measurement and control system of an electric power plant. The network consists of the central computer terminal, the set of specially distributed digital FO links and local station installed at the important power facilities. The well-known FO link advantages contribUte to high reliability and safety of work of the system. The operation of the loop network, treated as an autonomous one, is controlled by a microcomputer system. Transmission protocols and the cooperation with the local station are also described. The proposed loop network model is illustrated with an example of the laboratory - scale system.

Topic: Advanced Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL MENGGUNAKAN DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM DAN LATENT SEMANTIC INDEXING

CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL MENGGUNAKAN DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM DAN LATENT SEMANTIC INDEXING - Strategi, Perancangan, Sistem informasi, Teknologi informasi

Topic: Computer Science and Engineering
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Diameter of Cranial Gunshot Wounds as a Function of Bullet Caliber

Abstract Determination of bullet caliber becomes increasingly important in homicides where the bullet is missing. In cases with entrance wounds to bone that are circular and well defined it may be tempting to measure the defect and offer suggestions about bullet caliber. For this reason, the relationship between wound diameter and bullet caliber was examined using cranial bones from autopsy cases. The minimum diameter of 35 cranial wounds produced by .22, .25, and .38-caliber bullet was measured. The relationship of minimum wound diameter to bullet caliber was examined using a one way analysis of variance. Fisher's least significant difference test revealed no significant difference between .22-caliber and .25-caliber wounds, while the .38-caliber wounds were significantly different (P &amp;lt; .001) from .22-caliber and .25-caliber wounds. Variation in wound size resulting from such factors as bullet shape, surface treatment, strength characteristics, loss of gyroscopic stability, intermediate targets, tangential impacts, and existing fractures are discussed. Also, the large variety of calibers available are noted as complicating the prediction of caliber from wound size. In view of these factors caution is recommended in any attempt to determine precise bullet caliber from the minimum dimensions of the cranial gunshot entrance wound.

Topic: Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences