jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS ON PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM RURAL BURIALS OF 14th—16th CENTURIES FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLOTSK LAND

Paleopathology deals with the identification and research of diseases that are fixed on the osteological material of ancient people. This anthropological direction, using a variety of methods, answers the questions of the origin and spread of diseases in ancient populations. The results of such studies help to reveal the following aspects: the influence of the environment, and consequently the adaptation of a person to its changes, professional occupations of the population, and related types of physical activity, diet, causes of physiological stress and the level of development of medicine. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of the rural population of the Belarusian Dvina region of the 14th—16th centuries by conducting a paleopathological study of bone material. During the study, an anthropological examination of the remains of 72 people belonging to the rural population of the 14th—16th centuries was carried out. The osteological material was obtained during the archaeological excavations of three rural burial grounds in the Belarusian Dvina region-Ives, Biruli, and Dolgoe. During the research, special attention was paid to the identification and registration of paleopathological changes in bone material. As a result, signs of the following groups of pathologies were identified: degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine and joints, skull injuries, dental system pathologies (caries, abscesses, paradontopathies), nonspecific reactions of the body (porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, vascular reaction). As a result of the work performed to identify and interpret pathological changes, the main aspects reflecting changes in the health status of the ancient population due to a number of factors were identified: the manifestation of an active lifestyle of individuals, the influence of sanitary and hygienic conditions that existed in rural settlements of the studied period, and the supposed stressful situations to which the population was more or less exposed.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Subtotal calvarial vault reconstruction utilizing a customized polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant with chimeric microvascular soft tissue coverage in a patient with syndrome of the trephined: A case report

The syndrome of the trephined is a neurologic phenomenon that manifests as sudden decline in cognition, behavior, and sensorimotor function due to loss of intracranial domain. This scenario typically occurs in the setting of large craniectomy defects, resulting from trauma, infection, and/or oncologic extirpation. Cranioplasty has been shown to reverse these symptoms by normalizing cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. However, successful reconstruction may be difficult in patients with complex and/or hostile calvarial defects. We present the case of a 48-year-old male with a large cranial bone defect, who failed autologous cranioplasty secondary to infection, and developed rapid neurologic deterioration leading to a near-vegetative state. Following debridement and antibiotic therapy, delayed cranioplasty was accomplished using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant with free chimeric latissimus dorsi/serratus anterior myocutaneous flap transfer for vascularized resurfacing. Significant improvements in cognition and motor skill were noted in the early postoperative period. At 6-month follow-up, the patient had regained the ability to speak, ambulate and self-feed—correlating with evidence of cerebral/ventricular re-expansion on computed tomography. Based on our findings, we advocate delayed alloplastic implantation with total vascularized soft tissue coverage as a viable alternative for reconstructing extensive, hostile calvarial defects in patients with the syndrome of the trephined.

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced or metastatic mucosal melanoma: a systematic review

Background: Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy offers minor benefit to patients with mucosal melanoma (MM). Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the preferred approach in patients with advanced or metastatic cutaneous melanoma, the evidence of their clinical use for MM is still limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the efficacy and safety of ICIs in advanced or metastatic MM. Methods: We searched electronic databases, conference abstracts, clinical trial registers and reference lists for relevant studies. The primary outcomes included the overall response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), one-year PFS rate, and one-year OS rate. Results: This review identified 13 studies assessing anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy, 22 studies assessing anti-PD-1 monotherapy, two studies assessing anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 combination therapy, one study assessing anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with axitinib, and three studies assessing anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with radiotherapy. For most patients who received ipilimumab monotherapy, the ORR ranged from 0% to 17%, the median PFS was less than 5 months, and the median OS was less than 10 months. For patients who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy, most studies showed an ORR of more than 15% and a median OS of more than 11 months. The combined administration of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 agents showed benefits over single-agent therapy with an ORR of more than 33.3%. In a phase Ib trial of toripalimab in combination with axitinib, approximately half of patients had complete or partial responses. Three retrospective studies that investigated anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with radiotherapy showed an ORR of more than 50%, which was higher than each single modality treatment. Conclusions: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies alone and in combination with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies or other modalities, are promising treatment options for advanced or metastatic MM. However, high-level evidence is still needed to support the clinical application.

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Evaluation of in vitro activity of herbal formula Di Er You and herb Coptis against bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis externa

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro activity of the herbal formula Di Er You (DEY) and the single-herb Coptis against bacteria cultured from dogs with otitis externa ANIMALS 32 client-owned dogs diagnosed with otitis externa. METHODS A sample of otic debris from each patient was collected and plated onto a fresh Sheep’s Blood Agar plate in the hospital. After bacterial growth was confirmed, 4 wells were created, numbered randomly, and treated with saline (placebo), DEY, Coptis, and Zymox Otic Enzymatic Solution with 1% Hydrocortisone (Zymox). After 24 hours of incubation, the diameter of the zone of inhibition (dZOI) of each treatment was measured and recorded, and compared among treatments. A sample of the bacterial colonies grown was submitted to an outside lab for bacterial identification. RESULTS The mean ± SD dZOI values for saline, DEY, Coptis, and Zymox treated wells were 0.25 ± 1.41, 12.47 ± 3.92, 14.25 ± 7.12, and 3.22 ± 5.12, respectively. Post hoc multiple comparisons test revealed that (1) saline-treated wells had significantly smaller dZOI values than the other 3 groups (all P &lt; .001), (2) Zymox treated wells had significantly smaller dZOI values than either herbal treated groups (both P &lt; .001), and (3) DEY treated wells had significantly smaller dZOI values than those treated with Coptis ( P = .0042). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results from this in vitro study suggested that both DEY and Coptis could be effective treatments in inhibiting the growth of bacteria in dogs with otitis externa. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.

Topic: Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Poly(norepinephrine): Ultrasmooth Material‐Independent Surface Chemistry and Nanodepot for Nitric Oxide

Capture and release: The material-independent surface chemistry of a poly(norepinephrine) (pNE) which exhibits perfect smoothness at the nanometer scale is controlled by 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-norepinephrine (DHBA-NE) conjugates. The pNE layer containing DHBA-NE serves to store and release small therapeutics such as nitric oxide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Topic: Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Subfield: Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
English – Indonesian Passive Sentences in Cookbook

This research focuses on the English-Indonesian passive sentence in cookbook. The aim of this research is to find out how the English passive sentence translated into Indonesian passive one cookbook. The data source was taken from English cookbook entitled The Essential Book of Sauces &amp; Dressings written by Lowery, et.al and published by Periplus, Singapore and the translation into Indonesian entitled “Saus dan Dressing yang esensial” translated by Hadyana P. and published by Periplus, Indonesia. The methods of collecting data are observation and documentation. Scintific article tends to use passive sentence rather than active one. This is intended to show the product and disappear the doer. In doing the works, the translator translated English passive voice into Indonesian passive voice in several ways. The results show in English cookbook found some passive constructions which are translated also into passive construction in TL. The passive construction in English cookbook are in the form of present tense (is/are + V past participle), modal passive (modal + be + V past participle), present perfect tense (has + been + V past participle). The translation in Indonesian are translated into passive construction by using verbs added by prefix di-, active construction with active verbs, and verbs added by prefix ter-.

Topic: Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Fatigue and Wear Evaluation of Ti-15Al-33Nb(at.%) and Ti-21Al-29Nb(at.%) Alloys for Biomedical Applications

In this work the fatigue and wear behavior of Ti-15Al-33Nb(at.%) and Ti-21Al-29Nb(at.%) was evaluated and compared to that for other titanium-based biomedical implant alloys, in particular Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Fatigue stress versus life curves were obtained for tests performed at room temperature in air at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 for maximum stresses between 75%–90% of the ultimate tensile strength. The results indicated that the fatigue strength and lives of the as-processed alloys are comparable to that for Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Heat treatment significantly increased the orthorhombic-phase volume fractions in the alloys and resulted in reduced fatigue strength. The wear resistance for the alloys was significantly greater than that for Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%). Based on the current results, it is proposed that titanium-aluminum-niobium alloys will be of considerable future interest for biomedical applications.

Topic: Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Prevention and treatment of pleuropulmonary complications after simultaneous reconstructive operations on the esophagus in esophageal cancer].

Pleuropulmonary complications in 50 patients who underwent operation for esophageal carcinoma with simultaneous esophagogastroplasty were most frequent (59%) and serious and accounted for up to 60% of all causes of early postoperative mortality. In operations through a transthoracic approach these complications occur more frequently (75%) than in operations without thoracotomy (48%). The possible causes and measures for the prevention of pleuropulmonary complications in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods are discussed. Particular attention is focused on the acute respiratory insufficiency syndrome during resection of the esophagus without thoracotomy. It is concluded that this serious pathological condition can be avoided by a complex of preventive and therapeutic measures carried out in all stages of treatment.

Topic: Esophageal and GI Pathology
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CCDC 1043948: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
1603 Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Acoustic-Wave Propagation on Si Crystal Surface

Acoustic-wave propagation on silicon surface is studied by numerical simulation based on the molecular dynamics (MD) method. Using a large-scale MD simulation, the present study explores behavior of SAW in Si surface, the influence of anisotropy and reconstruction of the surface, an interaction of the wave with a surface defect, and possibility to realize a filter or a lens effect by an artificial nanostructure formed on the surface.

Topic: Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is capable of establishing persistent or latent infection after primary infections and reactivation in immunocompromised hosts. The understanding of the nature of this latency is incomplete. The acquisition of CMV-specific immune responses appears essential for limiting primary infection and maintenance of a clinical state of latency. Host immunity induced by CMV infection includes both cellular and humoral responses. Cell-mediated responses by both CD4+ (T helper) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are detected in CMV-seropositive individuals. Studies in animal models and in immunocompromised patients have implicated deficiencies in class I MHC-restricted, CD8+CMV-specific CTL responses in the progression of experimental and human CMV infection and pneumonia. Adoptive transfer of CD8+CMV-specific CTLs in immunodeficient marrow transplant recipients provides evidence that adoptive immunotherapy with T-cell clones of defined specificity and function can be used to safely and successfully restore immunity to a human pathogen.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Some observations of zooplankton composition and abundance in river Damodar during winter season.

The investigation has been made to examine the hydrological condition of the studied area (some physicochemical parameter of water, zooplankton community and its diversity).During the study it was observed that the trend of variation of water temperature was from 15.9ºc to17.5ºc. pH was found to alkaline ranging from 8.5 to 9.1.During the study there was afluctuation in O2levelfrom 3.2 mg/lit. to 5.2 mg/lit.Free CO2 was found to be higher throughoutthe study with a variation from 14 to 18 mg/lit.In the study of Zooplankton,Cladocera and Rotifera were chiefly present comprising mostly of Daphniasp, Rotariasp., Brachionussp.and Cyclopsspp. Besides theae groupsof speciesCopepoda was also present.A total of 10 genera includingone larval form were found during study. Among 10 genera only 5were dominant ( Daphniasp., Rotariasp., Brachionus sp., Mesocyclopssp.and nauplius larvae), within these dominant species the most dominant wereDaphniasp., Rotaria sp.and Brachionus sp.which occur more than three times during study.While the community study was concerned it was foundthatthe species richness ranged from 0.734 to 1.17, Evenness from 0.911 to 0.975and Shannon-Wiener index value was varied between 1.85 and 2.43. The mean values of them were0.924, 0.939and 2.25respectively.

Topic: Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
OPTIMAL PREDICTION AND DESIGN OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS FOR CNC TURNING OF AL7075-T6 BY USING THE TAGUCHI HYBRID QPSO ALGORITHM

This paper combines the Taguchi-based response surface methodology (RSM) with a multi-objective hybrid quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (MOHQPSO) to predict the optimal surface roughness of Al7075-T6 workpiece through a CNC turning machining. First, the Taguchi orthogonal array L 27 (3 6 ) was applied to determine the crucial cutting parameters: feed rate, tool relief angle, and cutting depth. Subsequently, the RSM was used to construct the predictive models of surface roughness (R a , R max , and R z ). Finally, the MOHQPSO with mutation was used to determine the optimal roughness and cutting conditions. The results show that, compared with the non-optimization, Taguchi and classical multi-objective particle swarm optimization methods (MOPSO), the roughness R a using MOHQPSO along the Pareto optimal solution are improved by 68.24, 59.31 and 33.80%, respectively. This reveals that the predictive models established can improve the machining quality in CNC turning of Al7075-T6.

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha −1 ) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

Topic: Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of adopting an integrated DEMATEL on TAM and TTF model

This study aims to explore critical factors influencing technological diffusion while organization adopts innovative information technologies. Enterprise A constructing a computer reservation system (CRS) is employed as an empirical study for analyzing the factors impacting utilization of innovative information technological system based on technology acceptance model (TAM) as well as task-technology fit model (TTF). Moreover, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to examine the causality along with interdependent level between items selected in integrated TAM-TTF model, and to assist in identifying critical variables of integrated model from CRS operator's perspective. The developed model helps managers understand key items for popularizing innovative technological information systems and formulate improvement strategies. This study contributes towards tackling the complex issues of CRS implication.

Topic: Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of rubber‐enriched dandelion varieties by metabolic engineering of the inulin pathway

Summary Natural rubber ( NR ) is an important raw material for a large number of industrial products. The primary source of NR is the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis , but increased worldwide demand means that alternative sustainable sources are urgently required. The Russian dandelion ( Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin) is such an alternative because large amounts of NR are produced in its root system. However, rubber biosynthesis must be improved to develop T. koksaghyz into a commercially feasible crop. In addition to NR , T. koksaghyz also produces large amounts of the reserve carbohydrate inulin, which is stored in parenchymal root cell vacuoles near the phloem, adjacent to apoplastically separated laticifers. In contrast to NR , which accumulates throughout the year even during dormancy, inulin is synthesized during the summer and is degraded from the autumn onwards when root tissues undergo a sink‐to‐source transition. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of inulin and NR metabolism in T. koksaghyz and its close relative T. brevicorniculatum and functionally characterized the key enzyme fructan 1‐exohydrolase (1‐ FEH ), which catalyses the degradation of inulin to fructose and sucrose. The constitutive overexpression of Tk1‐ FEH almost doubled the rubber content in the roots of two dandelion species without any trade‐offs in terms of plant fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that energy supplied by the reserve carbohydrate inulin can be used to promote the synthesis of NR in dandelions, providing a basis for the breeding of rubber‐enriched varieties for industrial rubber production.

Topic: Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences