jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Capping carious exposures in adults: a randomized controlled trial investigating mineral trioxide aggregate versus calcium hydroxide

Abstract Aim The aim of this multicentre, parallel‐group randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and a conventional calcium hydroxide liner ( CH ) as direct pulp capping materials in adult molars with carious pulpal exposure. Methodology Seventy adults aged 18–55 years were randomly allocated to two parallel arms: MTA (White ProRoot, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK , USA ; n = 33) and CH (Dycal ® , Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany; n = 37). The teeth were temporized for 1 week with glass–ionomer (Fuji IX , GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) and then permanently restored with a composite resin. The subjects were followed up after 1 week and at six, 12, 24 and 36 months. The primary outcome was the survival of the capped pulps, and the secondary outcome was postoperative pain after 1 week. Survival was defined as a nonsymptomatic tooth that responded to sensibility testing and did not exhibit periapical changes on radiograph. At each check‐up, the pulp was tested for sensibility and a periapical radiograph was taken (excluding the radiographs taken at the 1‐week follow‐up). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log‐rank test were used to assess the significant difference in the survival curves between groups. Chi‐square test was used to assess the association between the materials and preoperative and postoperative pain. Results At 36 months, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a cumulative estimate rate of 85% for the MTA group and 52% for the CH group ( P = 0.006). There was no significant association between the capping material and postoperative pain. Conclusions Mineral trioxide aggregate performed more effectively than a conventional CH liner as a direct pulp capping material in molars with carious pulpal exposure in adult patients. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT 01224925.

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
The expressive power of fixed-point logic with counting

Abstract We study the expressive power in the finite of the logic Fixed-Point+Counting, the extension of first-order logic which is obtained through adding both the fixed-point constructor and the ability to count. To this end an isomorphism preserving (‘generic’) model of computation is introduced whose PTime restriction exactly corresponds to this level of expressive power, while its PSpace restriction corresponds to While+Counting. From this model we obtain a normal form which shows a rather clear separation of the relational vs. the arithmetical side of the algorithms involved. In parallel, we study the relations of Fixed-Point+Counting with the infinitary logics and the corresponding pebble games. The main result, however, involves the concept of an arithmetical invariant . By this we mean a functor taking every finite relational structure to an expansion of (an initial segment of) the standard arithmetical structure. In particular its values are linearly ordered structures. We establish the existence of a family of arithmetical invariants with the following properties: • The invariants themselves can be evaluated in polynomial time. • A class of finite relational structures is definable in Fixed-Point+Counting if and only if membership can be decided in polynomial time on the basis of the values of one of the invariants. • The invariant r classifies all finite relational structures exactly up to equivalence with respect to the logic We also give a characterization of Fixed-Point+Counting in terms of sequences of formulae in the : It corresponds exactly to the polynomial time computable families ( φ n ) n ∈ ω in these logics. Towards a positive assessment of the expressive power of Fixed-Point+Counting, it is shown that the natural extension of fixed-point logic by Lindström quantifiers, which capture all the PTime computable properties of cardinalities of definable predicates, is strictly weaker than what we get here. This implies in particular that every extension of fixed-point logic by means of monadic Lindström quantifiers, which stays within PTime, must be strictly contained in Fixed-Point+Counting.

Topic: Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effect of Nitrogen-Doping on Detonation and Stability Properties of CL-20 Derivatives from a Theoretical Viewpoint

Six nitrogen-doping CL-20 derivatives were designed and investigated as energetic materials at B3LYP/6-31G** level based on the density functional theory method. Results show that nitrogen-doping derivatives exhibit high crystal densities (1.98∼2.18 g cm−3) and positive heats of formation (451.68∼949.68 kJ mol−1). Among nitrogen-doping derivatives, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,9,10,12-heptaazaisowurtzitane(A1), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,3,4,6,8,9,10,12-octaazaisowurtzitane(B1) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,12-nonaazaisowurtzitane(C1) possess better detonation velocity and pressure than CL-20, and A1 gives the best performance (DK-J•A1=9.6 km s−1; PK-J•A1=43.07 GPa). Moreover, the specific impulse, brisance, and power of N-doping CL-20 derivatives are also higher than that of CL-20. The thermal stability and sensitivity of nitrogen-doping molecules were analyzed via the bond dissociation energy (BDE), the characteristic height (h50) and electrostatic sensitivity (EES). The results indicate that the stability of A1, B1 and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,12-decaazaisowurtzitane(D1) is comparable with that of CL-20. Considering detonation performance and stability, A1 and B1 may be promising candidates as energetic materials with superior detonation performance and favorable stability.

Topic: Energetic Materials and Combustion
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transmitter Comparison and Unequal Bit Error Probabilities in Coherent QPSK Systems

We compare different QPSK transmitters and find that some simple configurations can give rise to a significant difference in BER between the two transmitted bits. The optimum receiver filter bandwidth is affected by this phenomenon. © 2006 Optical Society of America.

Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Astrocytic HIV-1 Nef Expression Decreases Glutamate Transporter Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Increases Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats

Background/Objectives: Cocaine use disorder is an intersecting issue in populations with HIV-1, further exacerbating the clinical course of the disease and contributing to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Cocaine and HIV neurotoxins play roles in neuronal damage during neuroHIV progression by disrupting glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 Nef, an early viral protein expressed in approximately 1% of infected astrocytes, remains a key neurotoxin. This study investigates the relationship among Nef, glutamate homeostasis, and cocaine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical brain region associated with drug motivation and reward. Methods: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to compare the effects of astrocytic Nef and cocaine by molecular analysis of glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and the cysteine glutamate exchanger (xCT), in the NAc. Behavioral assessments for cocaine self-administration were used to evaluate cocaine-seeking behavior. Results: The findings indicate that both cocaine and Nef independently decrease the expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the NAc. Additionally, rats with astrocytic Nef expression exhibited increased cocaine-seeking behavior but demonstrated sex-dependent molecular differences after the behavioral paradigm. Conclusions: The results suggest that the expression of Nef intensifies cocaine-induced alterations in glutamate homeostasis in the NAc, potentially underlying increased cocaine-seeking behavior. Understanding these interactions better may inform therapeutic strategies for managing cocaine use disorder in HIV-infected individuals.

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
2-Amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Nonclassical Antifolate Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/Correction2-Amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Nonclassical Antifolate Inhibitors of Thymidylate SynthaseAleem Gangjee*, Farahnaz Mavandadi, Roy L. Kisliuk, John J. McGuire, and Sherry F. QueenerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 4, 632Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1997Publication History Published online14 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960843uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960843ucorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Biochemical and Molecular Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Social marketing - a tool for health promotion and prevention

Въведение: Едно от най-драматичните събития в света през последните десетилетия е използването на социалния маркетинг като подход за промяна на масовото поведение в различни области на обществото. В здравеопазването социалният маркетинг допринесе за осъществяването на програми против тютюнопушенето и семейното планиране, чрез въздействие върху социалното поведение. Малко емпирични проучвания са се стремили да натрупват данни за настроенията на хората за възможността да контролират и подобряват своето здраве. Цел: Целта на тази статия е да проучи готовността на пациентите за контрол на начина си на живот и да се представи социалният маркетинг като инструмент за промоция на здравето. Метод: Чрез социологичен метод е проучена нагласата за промяна в начина на живот на сто и петдесет здравноосигурени лица, да се предпазят от социално значими заболявания. Приложени са пряка индивидуална анонимна анкета и графичен анализ. Резултати: Резултатите показват, висока степен на готовност за промяна в начина на живот сред анкетираните лица, за снижаване на риска от социално значими заболявания. Мотивацията на хората в условията на недобрите резултати от реформата на здравната система показва наличие на резерв за подoбряване на промотивната дейност. Заключение: Поставя се въпросът за прилагане на социалния маркетинг като елемент или инструмент за промоцията и профилактиката на здравето ведно със здравната култура и възпитание.

Topic: Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Subfield: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Selection Rules for Circularly Polarized Waves in Nonlinear Optics

The symmetry properties of nonlinear optical susceptibilities in the electric dipole approximation for collinear circularly or elliptically polarized light waves have been analyzed on the basis of group-theoretical considerations. Selection rules are obtained for the nonlinear interaction of arbitrary order along any symmetry axis of the 32 crystallographic groups and the three-dimensional rotation group.

Topic: Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Data for "Tropical Cyclone Supercell Response to the Coast using a Climatology of Radar-Derived Azimuthal Shear"

This dataset contains a .csv file published alongside the article entitled "Tropical Cyclone Supercell Response to the Coast using a Climatology of Radar-Derived Azimuthal Shear" for consideration in <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>.

Topic: Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Performance of Biopsy Needle With Therapeutic Injection System to Prevent Bleeding Complications

Renal disease is epidemic in the United States with approximately 8 × 106 people having chronic kidney disease. Renal biopsies are widely used to provide essential diagnostic information to physicians. However, the risk of bleeding complications possibly leading to life-threatening situations results in the contra-indication of biopsy in certain patient populations. Safer renal biopsies will allow more accurate diagnosis and better management of this epidemic health problem. We report the preclinical testing of a novel biopsy device called the therapeutic injection system (TIS). The device introduces a third stage to the standard two-stage side-cut percutaneous biopsy process. The third stage is designed to reduce bleeding complications by injecting a hemostatic plug at the time of biopsy. Laboratory evaluation and preliminary in vivo animal testing using an anticoagulated porcine model of the TIS and Bard Monopty® (Bard Medical, Covington, GA) control device were performed. The hemostatic material Gelfoam® (Pfizer, Brussels, Belgium) was selected as the active material comprising the hemostatic plugs. The performance of two composite plugs, one composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) combined in 2:1 and 12:1 ratios with the hemostatic material, and one plug composed of 100% hemostatic material were tested. Stroke sequence and hemostatic plug deployment were verified by sequential firing of the TIS biopsy needle into clear gelatin and ex vivo bovine kidney specimens. In vivo trials with porcine specimens revealed a significant reduction in blood loss (8.1 ± 3.9 ml, control versus 1.9 ± 1.6 ml, 12:1 PVA/hemostatic, TIS, α = 0.01, n = 6). The 100% hemostatic plug showed a substantial and immediate reduction in blood loss (9.2 ml, control versus 0.0 ml, TIS, n = 1). The prototype device was shown to work repeatedly and reliably in laboratory trials. Initial results show promise in this approach to control post biopsy bleeding. This solution maintains the simplicity and directness of the percutaneous approach, while not significantly changing the standard percutaneous biopsy procedure.

Topic: Abdominal Trauma and Injuries
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheet Superstructures Based Polymer Composites for High-Dielectric and Electrical Energy Storage Applications

This work reports the advances of utilizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet superstructures to enhance dielectric property and electrical energy storage capability of flexible ferroelectric polymer composites. Hydrangea-like flowers or clusters comprising MoS2 nanosheets were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and used as filler of ferroelectric polymer composites. Both MoS2 superstructure based composites show percolation-like electrical behavior. The composites with high loading of MoS2 superstructures exhibit significantly enhanced dielectric constant, whereas those with low loading of MoS2 superstructures can withstand high electric field and exhibit significantly enhanced electric polarization, resulting in significant improvement of electrical energy storage capability. The MoS2 flowers show strong potential to enhance the dielectric constant and electrical energy storage capability of the composites.

Topic: Dielectric materials and actuators
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Real-world Evidence Comparing Tofacitinib and Vedolizumab in Anti-TNF-experienced Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract Background Antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) inhibitors are first-line treatment among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). With time, patients tend to lose response or become intolerant, necessitating switching to small cell biologics such as tofacitinib or vedolizumab. In this real-world study of a large, geographically diverse US population of TNF-experienced patients with UC, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of newly initiating treatment with tofacitinib vs vedolizumab. Methods We conducted a cohort study using secondary data from a large US insurer (Anthem, Inc.). Our cohort included patients with UC newly initiating treatment with tofacitinib or vedolizumab. Patients were required to have evidence of treatment with anti-TNF inhibitors in the 6 months prior to cohort entry. The primary outcome was treatment persistence &amp;gt;52 weeks. Additionally, we evaluated the following secondary outcomes as additional measures of effectiveness and safety: (1) all-cause hospitalization; (2) total abdominal colectomy; (3) hospitalization for infection; (4) hospitalization for malignancy; (5) hospitalization for cardiac events; and (6) hospitalization for thromboembolic events. We used fine stratification by propensity scores to control for confounding by demographics, clinical factors, and treatment history at baseline. Results Our primary cohort included 168 new users of tofacitinib and 568 new users of vedolizumab. Tofacitinib was associated with lower treatment persistence (adjusted risked ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60 -0.99). Differences in secondary measures of effectiveness or safety between tofacitinib initiators vs vedolizumab initiators were not statistically significant (all-cause hospitalization, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.83-1.84; total abdominal colectomy, adjusted HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.93-3.44;and hospitalization for any infection, adjusted HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.83-4.52). Discussion Ulcerative colitis patients with prior anti-TNF experience initiating tofacitinib demonstrated lower treatment persistence compared with those initiating vedolizumab. This finding is in contrast to other recent studies suggesting superior effectiveness of tofacitinib. Ultimately, head-to-head randomized, controlled trials that focus on directly measured end points may be needed to best inform clinical practice.

Topic: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Stereo-based stochastic noise compensation based on trajectory GMMS

This paper proposes a novel stereo-based stochastic noise compensation technique based on trajectory GMMs. Although the GMM-based noise compensation techniques such as SPLICE work effective, their performance sometimes degrades due to the inappropriate dynamic characteristics caused by the frame-by-frame mapping. While the use of dynamic feature constraints on the mapping stage can alleviate this problem, it also introduces an inconsistency between training and mapping. The recently proposed trajectory GMM-based feature mapping technique can solve this inconsistency while keeping the benefits of the use of dynamic features, and offers an entire sequence-level transformation rather than the frame-by-frame mapping. Results from a noise compensation experiment on the AURORA-2 task show that the proposed trajectory GMM-based noise compensation technique outperforms the conventional ones.

Topic: Speech and Audio Processing
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of Freshwater Planarians Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina Testing Toxicity of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

The action of wastewater from Paulínia Petroleum Refinery (REPLAN) was tested in freshwater planarian regeneration, from the species Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina. This chronic toxicity test was realized to establish conditions to use them as a monitoring species of the refinery treatment efficiency. The tested samples wore collected at six points: rio Jaguari (REPLAN water intake); wastewater beginning biological treatment (after physical treatment); wastewater entering stabilization lagoon (last stage of treatment); discharge of stabilization lagoon; upstream from effluent discharge at rio Atibaia; downstream from the effluent discharge. Drinking water was used as control. Five or eight adult planarian at regeneration stage was tested in each point. The adult tested specimens were selected and weren’t feed during the experiment. The test was initiated immediately after the removal of planarian’s head (cut with blade) and finalized when the regeneration was complete. It was detected high toxic effect only at the sample from the primary treatment discharge, before realizing the aeration and biological treatment. We can conclude that REPLAN effluent, at the end of the treatment process don’t cause any effect in Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina cephalic regeneration.

Topic: Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Tri-Plane Elevated Evaluation System.

A new test facility has been constructed in Test Area No. 1 at the US Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. This test facility provides a three-axis platform atop a 150-foot tower for evaluating any device not exceeding 1000 pounds in weight. This facility consists of three major elements: the 150-foot tower which includes an anechoic upper portion, a remote controlled three-axis position manipulator, and control instrumentation and true position calculating equipment.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
A new framework for climate risks integration into Burkina Faso national decentralization policy

In Sub-Saharan Africa, an efficient policy option to consolidate and accelerate territorial resilience to disaster risks and climate change is climate change integration into national decentralization policies. Such an option, if it is integrated, inclusive and participatory, would be a relevant and efficient response to territorial disparities in terms of climate risks vulnerability reduction capacities. In practice, it would consist of various decentralization facilities for territorial resilience configurations which limit social and economic regression risks.This article proposes the Badolo BurkinaClimDecentralization framework for climate risks integration into Burkina Faso national decentralization policy. It includes methodologies, information bodies and decision support tools to specify facilities classes to be integrated into decentralization to build territorial resilience to climate change. Climate change impact classes of very high, high, moderate, low and minor intensity are typical aspects of the proposed framework.Fundamentally, the Badolo BurkinaClimDecentralization framework is a new scientific tool to achieve political configurations of decentralization in Burkina Faso which provide facilities for building resilience to changes in this country different regions.

Topic: Agriculture and Rural Development Research
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences