jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATHOLOGIC RESPONSE OF THE SKIN TO GELFOAM

OBTAINING hemostasis is a basic surgical technic and has been achieved by many mechanical means. The more recent advances in the management of capillary and venous oozing have been the utilization of coagulating agents such as thrombin with an absorbable substance which will serve as a matrix for the formation of a clot. During the recent world war the department of physical chemistry of the Harvard Medical School, through its large scale plasma fractionation program, produced a very significant contribution to hemostasis in the form of fibrin foam. Fibrin foam was utilized in experimental and neurosurgical procedures with gratifying results. It was found that fibrin foam soaked in thrombin possessed a hemostatic effect and produced a minimal amount of tissue reaction. Foreseeing the possibility of the nationwide program of human blood donations coming to an end at the cessation of hostilities, with a consequent reduction in the

Topic: Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Measuring foundation school effectiveness using English administrative data, survey data and a regression discontinuity design

Apparently sophisticated school performance measures have been used to claim that giving schools autonomy from local government control improves pupil exam performance. This paper explores the extent to which inferring causality between autonomy and pupil achievement is reasonable given that pupils are not randomly assigned to schools and schools do not randomly acquire autonomous status. Rich administrative data and the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England are used to evaluate whether school performance measures are confounded by pupil characteristics that explain both the chances of attending an autonomous school and academic achievement. The assignment of grant-maintained (and thus now foundation) status through a vote of parents is used to compare school that just did, and just did not, gain autonomy over a decade ago. These alternative estimation strategies suggest there is little evidence that foundation status casually yields superior school performance.

Topic: School Choice and Performance
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
V-region mutation in vitro, in vivo, and in silico reveal the importance of the enzymatic properties of AID and the sequence environment

The somatic hypermutation of Ig variable regions requires the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which has previously been shown to preferentially deaminate WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) motif hot spots in in vivo and in vitro assays. We compared mutation profiles of in vitro assays for the 3′ flanking intron of VhJ558-Jh4 region to previously reported in vivo profiles for the same region in the Msh2 −/− Ung −/− mice that lack base excision and mismatch repair. We found that the in vitro and in vivo mutation profiles were highly correlated for the top (nontranscribed) strand, while for the bottom (transcribed) strand the correlation is far lower. We used an in silico model of AID activity to elucidate the relative importance of motif targeting in vivo. We found that the mutation process entails substantial complexity beyond motif targeting, a large part of which is captured in vitro. To elucidate the contribution of the sequence environment to the observed differences between the top and bottom strands, we analyzed intermutational distances. The bottom strand shows an approximately exponential distribution of distances in vivo and in vitro, as expected from a null model. However, the top strand deviates strongly from this distribution in that mutations approximately 50 nucleotides apart are greatly reduced, again both in vivo and in vitro, illustrating an important strand asymmetry. While we have confirmed that AID targeting of hot and cold spots is a key part of the mutation process, our results suggest that the sequence environment plays an equally important role.

Topic: RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Determining trunk reservation parameters in a non-symmetric telecommunications network with non-uniform demand

When a telephone call enters a fully-connected telecommunications network, the network first attempts to connect the call via a direct path. If this is not possible, the network attempts to connect it through a combination of two or more trunk groups. This is called a tandem path. When the network reaches operational capacity, the use of tandem paths is undesirable because the trunk groups in the path could be used to connect more than one telephone call. Trunk reservation is the partitioning of trunk groups to allow only direct calls to connect on the reserved trunks. This reduces the use of tandem paths when the network is at capacity, thus increasing the probability of connecting more calls on the more efficient direct path. Past studies in this area have focused on using uniform trunk reservation parameters in symmetric networks with uniform demand. In this thesis, we attempt to determine non-uniform trunk specific reservation parameters in a non-symmetric network with non-uniform demand using fixed-point approximations of a birth-death process and simulated annealing. An application of this study to TELUS' Edmonton network is discussed.

Topic: Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Soy productivity in response to application biofertilizer Enerplant®.

The soya is a dicotyledon plant, and the cultivated specie is the Glycine max, of Asian origin especially from China. The Brazil is the second biggest worldwide producer, with featured the Mato Grosso state. The objective of this present study was evaluate the productivity in the soya culture in answer of Enerplant Biofertilizer application. The experiment was realized in a trading farming, in soil classified like Latossolo Vermelho, in conditions of system of direct planting of straw. The Treatments consisted on application in g ha-1 of Enerplant in the seed, V4, V7 and R1 respectively: T1 – 0+0+0+0; T2 – 20+20+20+20; T3 – 20+20+20+20; T4 – 20+20+0+0; T5 – 20+0+0+0; T6 – 40+0+0+0; T7 – 80+0+0+0; T8 – 0+20+20+20; T9 – 0+0+20+20; T10 – 0+0+0+20. The treatments had four repetitions, on parcels of 2,25 x 5 m (11,25 m²) with five planting lines disposed in a casualized blocks delimitation (CBD). The fertilization in dosage of 160 kg ha-1 of the 01-42-00 (N-P2O5 – K2O) formula and 160 kg ha-1 of KCl. Were evaluated the number of pods from one, two and three grains, total number of pods, total number of grains, weight of 100 grains, pods number per plant, grains number per pod and productivity in kg ha-1. In the Analysis of the results, show there was no significant difference of any variables studied, dispensing the product application

Topic: Soil Management and Crop Yield
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Security of Supply in European Electricity Markets—Determinants of Investment Decisions and the European Energy Union

The European Union and its Member States are seeking to decarbonize their energy systems, including the electricity sector and, at the same time, pursue market integration. However, renewable energy (RE) deployment and the liberalization of the energy-only market have raised concerns at the national level about the security of electricity supplies in the future. Some actors consider the lack of sufficient investments in generation capacities a threat to supply security. As a consequence, it was proposed that capacity markets solve these problems. The underlying assumption is that the market design is the only determining factor for investments in security of supply options. In this article, we question this narrow view and identify further determinants of the investment decisions of electricity market participants. Based on the insights of institutional sociology and economics, we understand the market to be a social institution that structures the behavioural expectations of market participants. Derived from the theoretical conceptualization and based on qualitative literature review and own work, we find four determinants for investment behaviour beyond the formal market design: Material opportunities, strategic actor behavior and identity, focusing events and discursive expectations about the future. With this perspective, we discuss the introduction of a European Energy Union as a possible tool that might have a great impact on the more informal determinants such as expectations about the future and the construction of a European energy narrative.

Topic: Global Energy Security and Policy
Subfield: General Energy
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
LightGuide

Precise and reliable directional feedback is crucial for electronic traveling aids that guide visually impaired people along safe paths. A large proportion of visually impaired people can determine light position using their light perception. This work presents LightGuide, a directional feedback solution that indicates a safe direction of travel via the position of a light within the user's visual field. We prototyped LightGuide using an LED strip attached to the brim of a cap, and conducted three user studies to explore the effectiveness of LightGuide compared to HapticBag, a state-of-the-art baseline solution that indicates directions through on-shoulder vibrations. Results showed that, with LightGuide, participants turned to target directions in place more quickly and smoothly, and navigated along basic and complex paths more efficiently, smoothly, and accurately than HapticBag. Users' subjective feedback implied that LightGuide was easy to learn and intuitive to use. The potential limitations of using LightGuide in real environments are subsequently discussed.

Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
A phase I multiple ascending dose study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AZD0530, a highly selective, orally available, dual-specific Src-Abl kinase inhibitor

3972 AZD0530 is a highly selective, dual-specific, orally available small molecule inhibitor of Src family kinases and Bcr-Abl. To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile a multiple ascending dose study was conducted in healthy male volunteers. Sixty volunteers were randomised in cohorts of 12 to receive AZD0530 (n=9) or placebo (n=3) as a single dose (for PK) followed by a washout period and then multiple daily dosing for up to fourteen days. Doses up to 250mg/day were administered in this manner. Adverse events have been generally mild and have included rash, flu-like symptoms, myalgia, arthalgia, headache, loose stools and raised creatinine. A summary of the PK findings is as follows: Plasma concentrations remained above the predicted IC50 for Src kinases as predicted from pre-clinical modelling. In conclusion, AZD0530 is a small molecule inhibitor of Src family kinases and Bcr-Abl. The drug is tolerated when administered in multiple daily doses up to 250mg. The PK of AZD0530 is consistent with once daily oral dosing.

Topic: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
CAN I FORGET YOU?

Performer: THE STREET SINGER; Arthur Tracy Writer: Hammerstein &amp; Kern (From Paramount Film "High, Wide and Hadsome"); Vocal; With Instrumental Accompaniment;. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil ET, 2.3mil CT, 2.8mil CT, 3.3mil CT. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 250, Rolloff: -5. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: DTB3293-I Catalog number: X1477 Other IDs from the record include: DTB3293; MD1715

Topic: Iron-based superconductors research
Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Myofascial Findings and Psychopathological Factors in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Abstract Objective Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common pain condition with psychosocial and somatic symptoms. Myofascial findings and psychiatric comorbidities are frequent. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze myofascial and psychosocial aspects. Furthermore, the study focuses on correlations between these aspects and gender differences in this topic. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Interdisciplinary outpatient clinic for patients with CPPS at the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. Methods Participants underwent a multimodal diagnostic algorithm including physiotherapeutic assessment and psychotherapeutic evaluation. Those with a positive diagnosis of CPPS were included. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize and analyze the sample. Bivariate correlations were calculated for the association between myofascial findings and psychopathological symptoms. Results A total of 187 patients (56.7% female, mean age ± SD = 49.06 ± 17.05 years) were included. Women had significantly higher numbers of tender (mean ± SD = 17.53 ± 9.58 vs 13.40 ± 8.79, P = 0.003) and trigger points (mean ± SD = 6.23 ± 6.64 vs 4.09 ± 7.15, P = 0.036). They had also significantly higher values in the PHQ-15 (mean ± SD = 11.51 ± 5.24 vs 9.28 ± 5.49, P = 0.009) and the SF-MPQ (mean ± SD = 17.84 ± 8.95 vs 15.11 ± 7.97, P = 0.041). Several significant correlations between myofascial findings and psychosocial factors exist. Conclusions There might be a link between psychosomatic and myofascial aspects in CPPS; thus further studies are needed. Nevertheless, the results stress the urgent need of a multimodal treatment including physiotherapy and psychotherapy in these patients.

Topic: Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Proton Pump Inhibitor-Responsive Oesophageal Eosinophilia: An Entity Challenging Current Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

Consensus diagnostic recommendations to distinguish gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) from eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) by response to a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) unexpectedly uncovered an entity called “PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia” (PPI-REE). PPI-REE refers to patients with clinical and histologic features of EoE that remit with PPI treatment. Recent and evolving evidence, mostly from adults, shows that PPI-REE and EoE patients at baseline are clinically, endoscopically and histologically indistinguishable, and have significant overlap in terms of features of Th2 immune-mediated inflammation and gene expression. Furthermore, PPI therapy restores oesophageal mucosal integrity, reduces Th2 inflammation and reverses the abnormal gene expression signature in PPI-REE patients, similar to the effects of topical steroids in EoE patients. Additionally, recent series have reported that EoE patients responsive to diet/topical steroids may also achieve remission on PPI therapy. This mounting evidence supports the concept that PPI-REE represents a continuum of the same immunologic mechanisms that underlie EoE. Accordingly, it seems counterintuitive to differentiate PPI-REE from EoE based on a differential response to PPI therapy when their phenotypic, molecular, mechanistic, and therapeutic features cannot be reliably distinguished. For patients with symptoms and histologic features of EoE, it is reasonable to consider PPI therapy not as a diagnostic test, but as a therapeutic agent. Due to its safety profile, ease of administration and high response rates (up to 50%), PPI can be considered a first-line treatment, before diet and topical steroids. The reasons why some EoE patients respond to PPI, while others do not, remain to be elucidated.

Topic: Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DNA, RNA and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the HER-2/neu Oncogene in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

HER-2/neu overexpression appears to play a role in determining the malignant potential of some human cancers. To date, no urothelial malignancies appear to have been evaluated for HER-2/neu DNA amplification, mRNA expression and protein overproduction. By Southern hybridization we detected DNA amplification and a possible structural rearrangement of the HER-2/neu oncogene in one of 12 bladder tumors. A 14 kb DNA fragment in addition to the expected 12.5 Kb fragment was found. Additionally, the HER-2/neu oncogene was amplified sixfold in the tumor compared to placental DNA. Five of 14 (36%) bladder tumors overexpressed HER-2/neu mRNA three to 38-fold compared to normal urothelium. HER-2/neu overexpression occurred in superficial and invasive tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the one tumor with DNA amplification and the 14 tumors evaluated for mRNA expression. The tumor with DNA amplification and three of the five tumors with HER-2/neu mRNA overexpression stained positively for the p185HER-2/neu protein. These findings suggest that DNA amplification occurs infrequently in bladder cancer. Thirty-six percent of bladder cancers overexpress HER-2/neu mRNA. Immunohistochemical analysis with a p185HER-2/neu polyclonal antibody, on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, was specific for HER-2/neu overexpression but not as sensitive as Northern analysis.

Topic: Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Translation equivalent but different, impossible but necessary, interlingual or intercultural: conceptualizing translation

In this study I will try to outline a common emancipatory program for the politically-engaged translator based on the work of these thinkers. We will pay special attention to the counter-hegemonic potential of translation as developed by our authors and to the concept of “constellation” advanced by Santos in his works. Another chief concern will be to explore the divide between these two different concepts of translation (interlingual and “cultural”), trying to answer several pressing questions. Can these different notions be unified in such a way that the insights from these thinkers can be reconciled with mainstream translation theory? Do we run the risk of diluting the concept of translation to such an extent, in this constant conceptual broadening, that it ceases to have any solid foundation?

Topic: Translation Studies and Practices
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Ethics of using language editing services in an era of digital communication and heavily multiauthored papers

Scientists of many countries in which English is not the primary language routinely use a variety of manuscript preparation, correction or editing services, a practice that is openly endorsed by many journals and scientific institutions. These services vary tremendously in their scope; at one end there is simple proof-reading, and at the other extreme there is in-depth and extensive peer-reviewing, proposal preparation, statistical analyses, re-writing and co-writing. In this paper, the various types of service are reviewed, along with authorship guidelines, and the question is raised of whether the high-end services surpass most guidelines' criteria for authorship. Three other factors are considered. First, the ease of collaboration possible in the internet era allows multiple iterations between authors and the editing service, so essentially, papers can be co-written. Second, 'editing services' often offer subject-specific experts who comment not only on the language, but interpret and improve scientific content. Third, the trend towards heavily multi-authored papers implies that the threshold necessary to earn authorship is declining. The inevitable conclusion is that at some point the contributions by 'editing services' should be deemed sufficient to warrant authorship. Trying to enforce any guidelines would likely be futile, but nevertheless, it might be time to revisit the ethics of using some of the high-end 'editing services'. In an increasingly international job market, recognizing this problem might prove progressively more important in authorship disputes, the allocation of research grants, and hiring decisions

Topic: scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Subfield: Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Roald Dahl Words of Magical Mischief

This little hardback is full of Roald Dahl's most magical language as well as a raft of snippets of serious language facts for cheeky chiddlers. This little book is full of bewitching tips, definitions and examples from the World's No.1 storyteller.

Topic: Themes in Literature Analysis
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Dynamic Time-Aware Attention to Speaker Roles and Contexts for Spoken Language Understanding

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an essential component in conversational systems. Most SLU component treats each utterance independently, and then the following components aggregate the multi-turn information in the separate phases. In order to avoid error propagation and effectively utilize contexts, prior work leveraged history for contextual SLU. However, the previous model only paid attention to the content in history utterances without considering their temporal information and speaker roles. In the dialogues, the most recent utterances should be more important than the least recent ones. Furthermore, users usually pay attention to 1) self history for reasoning and 2) others' utterances for listening, the speaker of the utterances may provides informative cues to help understanding. Therefore, this paper proposes an attention-based network that additionally leverages temporal information and speaker role for better SLU, where the attention to contexts and speaker roles can be automatically learned in an end-to-end manner. The experiments on the benchmark Dialogue State Tracking Challenge 4 (DSTC4) dataset show that the time-aware dynamic role attention networks significantly improve the understanding performance.

Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Microwave Photonic I/Q Mixer With Phase Shifting Ability

A compact system with multiple signal processing functions is of interest in many applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a microwave photonic structure that is capable of simultaneously realising in-phase&#x002F;quadrature (I&#x002F;Q) mixing and phase shifting operations. The multi-function signal processor has a simple structure and can be constructed using off-the-shelf components. It is designed to enable commercial modulator bias controllers to be incorporated into the system to provide accurate phase shift and to improve system stability. Non-ideal effects in the system that cause deviation in the two output IF signal phase difference from 90&#x00B0; can be mitigated by adjusting a modulator bias voltage. The multi-function signal processor is theoretically analysed and experimentally demonstrated. Its performance including two output IF signals with a quadrature phase difference, wideband operation, continuous 0&#x00B0; to 360&#x00B0; IF signal phase shift and long-term stable operation are verified experimentally.

Topic: Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences