jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On-Line Secure-Economy Preventive Control of Power Systems by Pattern Recognition

A fast transient stability assessment method and a preventive control strategy, considering both security and economy of power systems, are presented. The pattern recognition approach with two dimensional feature space is used to assess transient security. If a power system is said to be in an alert state, then quick and appropriate control actions are required. A transient security constrained economic load dispatch(ELD) which is able to shift generator outputs so that system security can be maintained, is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is ascertained through numerical examples for model power systems.

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Category of CFR(Y)C and Weak Topos1

Topos theory plays an important role in modern mathematics. It can be viewed as a generalization of set from the category aspect. However, the category of all fuzzy sets do not form topos. In order to investigate the category properties about fuzzy sets, the notion of weak topos is introduced. Factor space is an effective approach in knowledge representation and factor rattan is a crucial concept of a factor space. Rattans over Y could be viewed as an abstraction of factor rattan. In addition, the category of rattans over Y is not a topos. In this paper, two comments about the paper titled “Factor rattans, category FR(Y), and factor space” (J MATH ANAL APPL, 1994) are presented, and the notion of rattan over Y is revised to complete rattan over Y. The corresponding category is denoted CFR(Y). Topoi properties of the functor category CFR (Y)C are investigated and it is proved that CFR (Y)C is a weak topos, but not a topos.

Topic: Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Vaccines: quantities, production and costs.

At a birth rate of about 150 million children per year, 300 to 400 million doses DTP-polio and 150 to 200 million doses of measles and BCG vaccines will be required annually for immunization of the world population against the target diseases as defined by the EPI of the World Health Organization. With the introduction of modern fermentation technologies production of these quantities is practically and economically feasible. The main problem is the administration of the vaccine to the target population. This may be achieved by application of a more condense and simplified vaccination schedule which has shown to be effective in clinical studies. Also, the costs of the immunization programmes may be considerably reduced in this way as the costs of administration form the major part of any immunization programme.

Topic: Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Different dynamics and controls of enzyme activities of leaf and root litter during decomposition

Abstract Litter enzyme dynamics are strongly shaped by litter, soil and microbial attributes during decomposition; however, the enzyme dynamics of leaf and root litter remain unresolved due to contrasting differences in rates and controls on leaf and root litter decomposition. Herein, we conducted a 784‐day field experiment to evaluate the relative importance of litter, alkaline soil and microbial attributes to enzyme activities and their C:N:P stoichiometry of leaf and root litter during decomposition under subtropical land use change in China. We found that only the C‐ and N‐acquiring enzyme activities of shrub leaves were greater than those of wood and crop, and there was no significant difference in P‐acquiring enzyme activity among the three species of leaves. Both the C‐ and P‐acquiring enzyme activities of crop roots were significantly lower than those of afforested lands (i.e. woodland and shrubland). The N‐acquiring activities of wood roots were significantly lower than those of shrub and crop. At the temporal dynamics, the C‐, N‐ and P‐acquiring enzyme activities of the leaves decreased with mass loss, which was affected by the shift in litter nutrients (e.g. N and P) and soil moisture during decomposition. In contrast, the three enzyme activities of roots increased with mass loss, largely due to the increase in microbial biomass of bacteria regulated by litter stoichiometry. The enzymatic C:nutrient (N and P) ratios declined with mass loss, but the enzymatic P:N ratios remained relatively constant with mass loss during the leaf litter decomposition. Whereas, both of the enzymatic C:nutrient ratios and enzymatic P:N ratios decreased with mass during the root litter decomposition. Our results showed that the enzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry of decaying leaves and roots was predominantly predicted by microbial biomass and bacterial biomass, respectively. Overall, we outlined the pattern of contrasting contributions of litter, soil and microbial attributes to enzyme dynamics during decomposition, which provided a framework for better understanding litter C, N and P dynamics in relation to microbial resource allocation strategy during decomposition. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Topic: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Studies on organoleptic evaluation in mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm

The present investigation entitled "Studies on organoleptic evaluation in mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm" was carried out during the period 2022-23 at Mango Research Station, Nuzvid, Eluru District, Andhra Pradesh. In the present study, none of the genotypes recorded maximum peel colour and appearance score compared to the check Banaganapalle (9.65), which was maximum among the checks. Four genotypes viz., I-1 (9.71), C-13 (9.68), D-13 (9.63) and F-16 (9.61) recorded more pulp colour and appearance score than the check Banaganapalle (9.56) which was maximum among the checks. Among the genotypes evaluated, seven genotypes viz., G-28 (9.92), F-16 (9.85), B-9 (9.78), F-10 (9.76), H-32 (9.74), E-6 (9.72) and D-12 (9.65) recorded higher score for pulp texture than the best check Banaganapalle (9.64). Among the genotypes evaluated only one genotype viz., E-2 (9.47) recorded significantly highest score for pulp taste and flavour compared to the best check Chinnarasam (9.04). None of the genotypes recorded maximum score for overall acceptability of fruit compared to the check Banaganapalle (9.35), which was maximum among the checks.

Topic: Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Numerical Method for Dynamic Analysis of Calcite Twin Lamellae

Research Article| February 01, 1972 Numerical Method for Dynamic Analysis of Calcite Twin Lamellae JOHN H SPANG JOHN H SPANG Department of Geology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information JOHN H SPANG Department of Geology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 30 Aug 1971 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1972, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1972) 83 (2): 467–472. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[467:NMFDAO]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 30 Aug 1971 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation JOHN H SPANG; Numerical Method for Dynamic Analysis of Calcite Twin Lamellae. GSA Bulletin 1972;; 83 (2): 467–472. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[467:NMFDAO]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract An approach similar to that previously used to calculate strain due to twinning in calcite can be used for dynamic analysis of calcite twin lamellae. Using the (second order) tensor transformation formula, the principal stresses for each twin set (the compression and extension axes of dynamic analysis) are rotated into thin-section coordinates forming a bulk stress tensor. Principal stresses and their orientations can then be calculated by means of taking the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the bulk stress tensor. The relative magnitudes and orientations of calculated principal stresses accurately reflect the distribution of the compression and extension axes. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Topic: Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Subfield: Environmental Chemistry
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
CCDC 700754: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Constructing Trading Strategies According to Fibonacci Sequence in Shanghai Stock Market

The goal of this paper is to investigate the performance of Fibonacci sequence investment strategies in Shanghai stock market.The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers following the integer sequence, which is referred to as the Fibonacci sequence, and characterized by the fact that every number is the sum of two numbers preceding it.We construct buy and hold portfolios based on holding periods and market conditions.The results suggest Fibonacci's strategy still has excess return in a short-run, but there is no strong evidence that investment performance outperforms the market in a long-run.We suggest that the Fibonacci strategy can be regarded as a trading strategy, depending on the level of risk-taking for a holding portfolio.

Topic: Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
EVALUATION OF ASTM TEST METHOD D 4867, EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVING MIXTURES

The moisture sensitivities of 21 dense-graded asphalt pavements were predicted in 1987 using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test Method D 4867, Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures. Tests were performed on cores taken from the pavements. The air-void levels of the cores varied from pavement to pavement. In 1995 and 1996, cores were again taken from the pavements to ascertain whether the test method correctly predicted performance. Pavement distress surveys were also performed. The data indicated that air-void levels lower than 6.0% may not always allow the specimens to become sufficiently damaged in the laboratory test. The correlation between ASTM D 4867 and pavement performance was poor except for mixtures having air-void levels greater than 6.0%. Therefore, it is recommended that a 6.0% minimum air-void level be used when evaluating conventional, dense-graded asphalt paving mixtures for moisture sensitivity, even if lower air-void levels are typically obtained in the field after construction. This recommendation should also be valid for the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Test Method T 283, Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture-Induced Damage. Pass/fail criteria of 80% for the tensile strength retained ratio, 70% for the diametral modulus retained ratio, and 10% for visual stripping are recommended for conventional, dense-graded asphalt paving mixtures. Dense-graded sulfur-extended asphalt (SEA) pavements were also included in the study. The 1987 laboratory test data indicated that the retained ratios of these mixtures can be significantly affected by losses in cohesion. The SEA binders themselves can be severely weakened by the conditioning processes used by ASTM D 4867. However, the performances of the SEA pavements provided no evidence that they were affected by a loss in cohesion. In this experiment, the performance of each SEA pavement was compared to the performance of an asphalt concrete control pavement. Pass/fail criteria for SEA mixtures could not be proposed due to the uncertainty of how the test data relate to pavement performance.\n

Topic: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mechanism of Ventricular Premature Contraction Showing Interpolated Bigeminy —Strong Modulation Hypothesis—

Recent advances in invasive electrocardiology dramatically revealed the unique nature of atrial fibrillation originating from the pulmonary veins. By the same invasive technique, the origin of ventricular premature contraction (VPC) has been clarified as being located in the pulmonary outflow tract, ventricular Purkinje fibers or coronary cusps. Despite these clarifications, the essential mechanism of VPCs still remains uncertain. In addition to automaticity, the possible contribution of reentrant pathway cannot be fully ruled out. To analyze the mechanism, we previously reported on a two dimensional color display of interectopic intervals in VPC patients. This display could estimate the fundamental mechanism of VPC for a full day and clearly differentiate parasystole from fixed coupling interval VPCs. In this review, first we briefly document the historical background. In order to explain the mechanism of the much more frequently observed fixed coupling interval VPCs, we introduced a new version of color display. Using this modified version, a unique electrocardiogram associated with heart rate doubling during interpolated VPC bigeminy was depicted. The role of interpolated VPCs applied to phase analysis was stressed. From the findings, we developed a strong modulation hypothesis. Clinical significance of interpolated VPC together with heart rate doubling and harmonic feature was illustrated. Our hypothesis can be applied not only to specific form of parasystole with various coupling intervals but also to fixed coupling interval VPCs. The modified display can roughly discriminate the relative ratio of parasystole cycle length from sinus cycle length. Furthermore, simple estimation of the intrinsic automaticity cycle length together with the heart rate dependence in individual patients was possible.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The role of meibomian secretion in the tears.

Meibomian lipid promotes the formation and stabilisation of the precorneal tear film. The deposited layer of this material at the lid margins prevents entry into the eye of skin surface fatty acids which would disrupt the film. The external oily layer also acts to reduce the rate of evaporative loss of fluid from the tear film. The relationship between composition of the secretion and its physical properties is discussed.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Rapid and simultaneous determination of 22 constituents in Menispermi Rhizoma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

A multi-component-assay quality control method, using UPLC-MS/MS, has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 22 constituents in Menispermi Rhizoma.

Topic: Nephrotoxicity and Medicinal Plants
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Chinese adolescents' positive relationships with parents: The effects of the sex of their younger sibling

Abstract We investigated how sibling status and sex of younger siblings influence Chinese adolescents' relationships with their fathers and mothers as a function of resource dilution and preference for sons. The sample included 1,093 adolescents from the 8th grade ( M age = 13.96 years, SD = 0.75 years; 47% girls) and the 11th grade ( M age = 17.25 years, SD = 0.74 years; 57% girls) in a longitudinal study. Consistent with expectations pertaining to the hypothesis of resource dilution and son preference in combination, girls with a younger brother reported less positive relationships with mothers than either singleton girls or girls with a younger sister. No significant difference was found between singleton boys and boys with a younger sibling. The current findings show implications that the resource‐dilution theory and son preference culture together may place girls with a younger brother in an unfavorable condition of resource allocation.

Topic: Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Human Resources Attrition: A Case Study on X-BPO

This study focuses on the phenomenon of human resources (HR) attrition within the context of a Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) company. The objective is to comprehensively explore the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies of HR attrition in the BPO sector. Through a case study approach, quantitative and qualitative data have been collected to delve into the intricacies of this complex issue. The study aims to provide insights that not only benefit X-BPO but also contribute to the broader understanding of HR attrition in similar industries. By analyzing the unique challenges faced by X-BPO and its efforts to navigate the evolving labor landscape, this research seeks to unfold the practical mysteries of HR attrition before HR practitioners and organizational leaders deal with attrition issues.

Topic: Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen in Aqueous Solution Induced by Nitrogen Arc Plasma

Abstract Argon Arc Plasma containing nitrogen gas (nitrogen arc plasma) was directly introduced into water, and a disproportionation reaction of molecular nitrogen took place in aqueous solution to form ammmonia, nitrous acid, and nitric acid. The redox reaction of molecular nitrogen is interesting on the chemical evolutionary point of view as a possible route for the formation of ammonia under non-reducing conditions.

Topic: Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Population health concerns and major health problems: An introduction to the topic and the volume

This chapter provides an introduction both to some major issues and concerns in the area of population health and major health problems, especially chronic health problems, and to the overall volume. The topic of population health is reviewed, beginning with the more public health approach of Kindig and that attempt to define the term and the outcomes of interests. The chapter will then move to an examination of the linkages between population health from a more specifically sociological perspective, and especially to relationships between social structure, including socioeconomic status, and health. The last part of this introductory chapter briefly discusses the other sections in the book and each of the chapters within those sections.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
WTO Rules and Practices for Transparency and Engagement with Civil Society Organizations

In a rapidly changing trade environment, marked by economic slowdown and impasse in the Doha Round, the success of the WTO in promoting and legitimizing the rules-based multilateral trading system rests, to a large extent, on maintaining effective relations with civil society, including non-governmental organisations. This paper provides an overview of the WTO's rules and practices for transparency and engagement with NGOs. First, it looks at both internal and external transparency. Second, it deals with how the WTO engages with civil society and illustrates how this has evolved over time. Third, it looks at how NGOs and civil society contribute to the dispute settlement process. In concluding, it explores whether there is scope for enhancing the WTO's current practices for engagement with NGOs, and if so how. It also offers some suggestions on how NGOs can render the WTO more accountable to the public. One area in which the WTO's practices for transparency and channels of engagement with civil society actors has evolved considerably is dispute settlement. Although only WTO members can bring a dispute to the WTO, the practice of opening hearings to the public, upon the parties' request, and inviting contributions from non-members, including NGOs, shows to what extent WTO transparency and engagement with civil society have improved in recent times. In particular, NGOs have assisted parties to a dispute prepare their briefs. This has included annexing studies to the parties's submissions, submitting amicus curiae briefs, and supporting the panel as experts under Article 13 of the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). Forging links with civil society is a formidable task for any intergovernmental organization; at issue are the rights of governments to set WTO policy and the need to respect the voices of those without a vote. Although the WTO's rules for engagement with civil society based on Article V:2 of the Marrakesh Agreement and further elaborated in the 1996 Guidelines have not been updated, the actual practices for engagement have evolved considerably over time and it is likely that they will continue to be improved upon in the future.

Topic: World Trade Organization Law
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Carbon Trading and Carbon Market

Abstract The Kyoto Protocol aims to present three flexible implementation mechanisms in an effort to address climate change, and thus generate a market incorporating carbon emissions as a product: joint implementation ( JI ); a clean development mechanism ( CDM ); and an international emissions trade ( IET ). The carbon market has rapidly developed and expanded to become the new star of global trade: in 2011, trading volume stood at 10.3 billion tCO 2 , with transactions amounting to $176 billion. Some current regional carbon markets include the European Union Emission Trading Scheme ( EU ETS ), the New South Wales ( NSW ), and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative ( RGGI ); China has also tried to establish a domestic carbon trading market and has been piloting a carbon emission trading scheme since 2011. Carbon pricing lies at the heart of carbon market operation; therefore, this article analyzes challenging issues in today's carbon markets, including allowances, energy prices, and special events and also provides policy recommendations for establishing a carbon trading market.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences