jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STK1, a MAP kinase gene from Setosphaeria turcica, confers preferable tolerance to sodium salt stress

Setosphaeria turcica, a serious fungal plant pathogen that causes northern corn leaf blight, is a filamentous, heterothallic ascomycete.&nbsp;STK1&nbsp;gene, cloned from&nbsp;S. turcica, encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that is homologous to Hog1 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae&nbsp;and other MAP kinases related to osmoregulation in filamentous fungi. Its encoded protein, Stk1, contains all the conserved domains that characterize Hog1-homologues.&nbsp;STK1&nbsp;expression restores the&nbsp;S. cerevisiae&nbsp;hog1&nbsp;null mutant phenotype in the complementation test under salt and oxidative stress. The signal transduction pathway may be similar between&nbsp;S. turcica&nbsp;and&nbsp;S. cerevisiae, in which&nbsp;STK1plays a key function in resistance to environmental stress. Transformants with&nbsp;STK1&nbsp;are more tolerant of 1&nbsp;M NaCl than the wild-type strains based on the growth rate test and determination of intracellular glycerol concentration. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),&nbsp;Setosphaeria turcica.

Topic: Fungal and yeast genetics research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Research on the Hot Spots and Thermoelastic Instability of Automotive Clutches

Hot spots can lead to a failure of vehicular clutches.A theoretical model was constructed to investigate thermoelastic instability(TEI)and hot spots in automotive clutches.When the sliding speed exceeds the critical speed,a spatially temperature perturbation growing with time can lead to hot spots.Hot spots appear mainly on the mating disk because of its high Peclet number.Mating disk has an anti-symmetric deformation due to the critical speed.A material with low elastic modulus and high thermal conductivity can experience a high critical speed,while the thermal expansion coefficient has little effect on it.

Topic: Brake Systems and Friction Analysis
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Woman, Nature, and the White Plague: Rebecca Harding Davis's &amp;quot;The Yares of the Black Mountains: A True Story&amp;quot;

In an essay dedicated to dismantling romanticism's conceptual distortions of artistry, women, and nature, Rebecca Harding Davis describes a childhood encounter with a woman artist:

Topic: Geographies of human-animal interactions
Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dirichlet process mixture models for time-dependent clustering

In many problems of signal processing, an important task is the classification of data. A group of methods that has attracted much interest for this purpose are the nonparametric Bayesian methods, and in particular, those based on the Dirichlet process. A useful metaphor for various generalizations of the Dirichlet process has been the Chinese restaurant process. Often the task of classification must be carried out in a sequential manner, and to that end the concepts from Bayesian non-parametrics cannot be applied straightforwardly. Recently, we introduced the notion of Chinese restaurant process with finite capacity to allow for classification of data on a time-varying basis. In this paper, we introduce the hierarchical Chinese restaurant process with finite capacity to provide further flexibilities to the process of classification. We show a generative model based on the process and then describe how to make online inference using the model. We demonstrate the approach with computer simulations.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Musical performance in the twentieth century and beyond: an overview

For the purpose of considering musical performance, at least, it is now useful to conceive of the 'long' twentieth century, since the cultural, technological and economic forces that shaped performance in that century have their roots in practices that arose in the latter part of the nineteenth century. This is particularly true of the impact of sound-recording technology, which so profoundly changed the nature of performance in nearly all genres and contexts throughout the twentieth century. Undoubtedly, for present purposes, Edison's invention of the phonograph in 1877 marks the beginning of the long twentieth century. It is still perhaps a little too early, and we are at this point too close to it, to be sure where it might be seen to end, although some speculation is offered below.

Topic: Musicology and Musical Analysis
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Long non‐coding <scp>RNA UCA</scp>1 increases chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells by regulating Wnt signaling

Chemotherapy is a reasonable alternative to cystectomy in patients with invasive and advanced bladder cancer. However, bladder cancer cells often develop drug resistance to these therapies, and ~ 50% of patients with advanced bladder cancer do not respond to chemotherapy. Recent studies have shown that long non‐coding RNA (lnc RNA ) is involved in the development of chemoresistance. Here we investigated the role of the urothelial cancer‐associated 1 ( UCA 1) lnc RNA in cisplatin resistance during chemotherapy for bladder cancer. We showed that cisplatin‐based chemotherapy results in up‐regulation of UCA 1 expression in patients with bladder cancer. Similarly, UCA 1 levels are increased in cisplatin‐resistant bladder cancer cells. Over‐expression of UCA 1 significantly increases the cell viability during cisplatin treatment, whereas UCA 1 knockdown reduces the cell viability during cisplatin treatment. UCA 1 inhibition also partially overcomes drug resistance in cisplatin‐resistant T24 cells. Furthermore, we showed that UCA 1 positively regulates expression of wingless‐type MMTV integration site family member 6 (Wnt6) in human bladder cancer cell lines. UCA 1 and Wnt6 expression is also positively correlated in vivo . Up‐regulation of UCA 1 activates Wnt signaling in a Wnt6‐dependent manner. We finally demonstrate that UCA 1 increases the cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer cells by enhancing the expression of Wnt6, and thus represents a potential target to overcome chemoresistance in bladder cancer.

Topic: Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Subfield: Cancer Research
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
SNRGICAL TREATMENT OF CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS WITH ANALYSIS OF 100 CASES.

There is presented a study of 100 cases of cholecystitisi and cholelithiasis admitted to the 1st tea-ching hospital of the Wu-Han. medical college from 1952 to 1956. most cases managed by operations,6-patients died, with the mortality of 6 per cent, among them, 2 died of bile peritonitis, 2 of cho-lecystic empycma, 1 of recurrent cholangio hepatitis, 1 of high spinal anesthesia shock during operation.As this sex incidence is concerned, the infection is almost equal in. both sexes in chineses, this is contrast to the findings in Europeans and Americans, in whom there is a dominant incidence in females. Another difference is, very distinct that the diease reaches its highest age incidence between 20 and 40 in chineses, while it is between 40 and 60 in forigners.The bile specimens obtained during operations were cultured in 68 cases, B. coli grew in 42 sp-ecimens.The results revealed that the dominant organism of this disease is B. cpli.Among the 50 cases of clinical acute cholecystitis, 32 patients were Istly managed by concervative treatment resulting 3 deaths, another 18 patients were treated by early operations without mortaolity. The result of early operation is far better than concervative treatment.In cases of recurrent cholangio-hepatitis or choledochplithiasis,choledochostomy with Ttube drainage only is not satisfactory, the recurrence is mostly expected.The choledocho-dupdenal anastomosis or sphincterectomy of oddi is preferable because of it alows infected bile pr even residual stone if present, emigrate freely from biliary tract into duodenum. From our cases of 6 choledocho-duodenosto-mies and 7 sphinctcrectomies observed from 2 to 12 mouths, we found that the complication is minimal.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Adenovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract Adenovirus (AdV) infection occurs in 0–20% of patients in the first 3–4 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), being higher in pediatric than in adult patients. About 50% of AdV infections involve the blood, which in turn, correlates with an increased risk developing AdV diseases, end‐organ damage, and 6‐month overall mortality. The main risk factors for AdV infection are T‐cell depletion of the graft by ex vivo selection procedures or in vivo use of alemtuzumab or antithymocyte serum, development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) grade III–IV, donor type (haploidentical or human leucocyte antigen mismatched related donor &gt; cord blood&gt; unrelated matched donor) and severe lymphopenia (&lt;0.2 × 10 9 /L). The prevention of AdV disease relies on early diagnosis of increasing viral replication in blood or stool and the pre‐emptive start of cidofovir as viral load exceeds the threshold of ≥10 2–3 copies/mL in blood and/or 10 6 copies/g stool in the stool. Cidofovir (CDV), a cytosine monophosphate nucleotide analog, is currently the only antiviral recommended for AdV infection despite limited efficacy and moderate risk of nephrotoxicity. Brincidofovir, a lipid derivative of CDV with more favorable pharmacokinetics properties and superior efficacy, is not available and currently is being investigated for other viral infections. The enhancement of virus‐specific T‐cell immunity in the first few months post‐HCT by the administration of donor‐derived or third‐party‐donor‐derived virus‐specific T‐cells represents an innovative and promising modality of intervention and data of efficacy and safety of the ongoing prospective randomized studies are eagerly awaited.

Topic: Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Inclusive Education and ELT Policies in Colombia: Views From Some PROFILE Journal Authors

This article reports on a study aimed at exploring inclusive policies in the teaching of English as a foreign language in Colombia, as evidenced in the articles published in the PROFILE Journal by Colombian authors. The use of the documentary research method and critical discourse analysis showed that some policies—mainly The National Program of Bilingualism and the Basic Standards for Competences in English as a Foreign Language—contain issues closely related to the logic of discriminatory and segregation attitudes in English language teaching. We hope that the results of our analysis will generate more interest in scholars to examine language policies and work further to eradicate inequalities in education.

Topic: Immigration and Intercultural Education
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Introduction

This special issue shows the scholarship developed by a new generation of people dedicated to Socio-Legal Studies in Chile. Our interdisciplinary group has been gathering since the mid-2010s and got formalized in 2018 as the Chilean Law and Society Group. The history of socio-legal studies in Chile shows continuities and ruptures from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. In this special issue, each article offers innovative methodological and theoretical perspectives developed in the last decade in the Socio-Legal field in Chile. At its core, this special issue rethinks law as both a reproducer of structural inequality and as a tool for social transformation.

Topic: Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Use of Hoffman external fixation for extra-articular upper metaphysealtibial fractures].

Treatment of extra-articular upper metaphyseal tibial fractures can be difficult. Orthopedic treatment is frequently complicated by second displacement These fractures are inappropriate for locked intra-medullary nailing because of the shorteness of the proximal extremity. Damages of soft tissues. frequently associated with these factures, expose internal osteosynthesis to many risks. For these reasons, we opted for external fixation. Our study was a retrospective analysis of 46 extra-articular metaphyseal tibial fractures treated by external fixation with Hoffman material. The average follow-up was 24 months. Consolidation was obtained within 4 months in average. Septic complications. inherent to the method were uncommon or minor. Functional results were satisfactory in 84% of cases. So, external fixation with Hoffman material. with particular recommandations, is a promising method for the treatment of extra-articular of proximal metaphyseal tibial fractures.

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
[Peritoneal Dialysis Network in North-East Italy: Survey About the Peritoneal Catheter Exit-Site Infection Management and Comparison with ISPD Guidelines].

<b>Introduction.</b> The Triveneto Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Network aims to bring together doctors and nurses who deal with PD in a collaborative network in which to exchange mutual knowledge and optimize the use of this method of replacing renal function. A topic of particular interest was the management of peritoneal catheter exit-site infection, given the recent publication of the new guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD). <b>Materials and methods.</b> The survey concerned the criteria for carrying out nasal swab and exit-site, management of exuberant granulation tissue "Proud Flesh", treatment of exit-site infection (ESI), use of silver dressings, the role of subcutaneous tunnel ultrasound and cuff shaving. <b>Results.</b> All PD centers in the North-East Italy area have joined the survey with at least one operator per centre. There was a wide variability between the indications for performing the exit-site swab. In the presence of ESI, the prevalent approach is that of oral systemic empiric therapy associated (20.0%) or less (28.9%) with topical therapy, and then adapting it in a targeted manner to the culture examination. <b>Discussion.</b> From the discussion of the survey emerged the importance of the ESI as an outcome indicator, which allows us to verify whether our clinical practice is in line with the reference standards. It is essential to know and base our activity on what is indicated in national and international guidelines and to document the events that occur in the patient population of each dialysis unit.

Topic: Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Carbon Dioxide Flooding Evaluation of High-Pour-Point, Paraffinic Red Wash Reservoir Oil

Abstract Engineering methods are being developed to evaluate reservoir fluid systems for suitability to CO2 flooding. This paper presents our evaluation procedure as applied to laboratory data for a high-pour-point [95°F (35°C)] oil from the Red Wash field in Utah. The data were obtained from phase behavior and slim tube experiments. The results of this work indicate that high pressures are required for a miscible displacement of the highly paraf-finic, high-pour-point Red Wash oil. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) was found to be 4,650 psia (32 060 kPa), increasing only 5% to 4,900 psia (33 784 kPa) when the injected CO2 contains a 10 mol% nitrogen contaminant. These pressures are not currently economically obtainable in the Red Wash field.

Topic: Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Preliminary phytochemical and in-vitro pharmacological evaluation of whole plant extracts of Ziziphus nummularia Burn. f.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in-vitro pharmacological activities of various fractions of hydroalcoholic extracts of Ziziphus nummularia Burn. f. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed by heat induced haemolysis, membrane stabilization and protein denaturation inhibition assay. Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug. The immunomodulatory activity was carried out on human neutrophils by assessing nitrobluetetrazolium test, neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis.  All the extracts were tested at concentrations viz. 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml. The various extracts showed significant activity on in vitro human neutrophils and protein denaturation which are comparable to standard and control at different concentration indicating the possible immune-stimulating, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect.

Topic: Ziziphus Jujuba Studies and Applications
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Epileptiform EEG Discharges and Risk of Epilepsy Following Febrile Seizure

Investigators at Kangnam and Masan Samsung Changwon Hospitals, Korea, studied the relation between epileptiform discharges on the EEG after febrile seizures (FS) and the risk of developing epilepsy and recurrence of FS.

Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
On input-to-state stabilizability of semilinear control systems

In this paper we investigate the robustness of state feedback stabilized semilinear control systems subject to inhomogeneous perturbations in terms of input-to-state stability. In particular we are interested in the robustness of an optimal control based exponentially stabilizing discontinuous sampled discrete feedback, which is known to exist whenever the system under consideration is asymptotically null controllable. For this purpose we introduce a robustness condition that will turn out to be equivalent to a suitable input-to-state stability formulation. Validating this condition for the optimal control based feedback using a suitable Lyapunov function we obtain an equivalence between (open loop) asymptotic null controllability and robust input-to-state (state feedback) stabilizability.

Topic: Extremum Seeking Control Systems
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Changes in Intergranular Air Properties of Grain Bulk and Quality Parameters in Japonica Paddy with Slightly High Moisture during Storage

In order to evaluate the quality parameters for short-term stored paddy with slightly high moisture, this study determined the changes in intergranular air relative humidity (RH) and wetbulb temperature of grain bulk with an equilibrium moisture model and Newton-Raphson method, and analyzed the effect of their accumulation amount during storage on thermal and thermo-mechanical properties, and lipid components, and appearance quality indexes in milled rice. The japonica paddy with 15.3% MC was put into warehouse in winter and stored for 163 days, when the average dry temperature in bulk increased from 8.3 to 22.9°C, the average RH in bulk layer 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively increased 3.6%, 3.0%, 2.9%, and 2.9% from 75.1%, and wetbulb temperature respectively increased 15.21, 13.57, 13.47 and 13.29 °C from 6.2 °C, showing no damage from stored insects and fungi. The gelatinization peak temperature of rice flour measured by DSC remained unchanged. A Mixolab analysis showed, during paddy storage from 45 to 213 d, dough development time and stability time, and starch setback torque gradually increased, but enzymatic speed decreased. GC-MS analysis showed the percent of the main fatty acid species kept unchanged during 213 d paddy storage. External indexes like accumulation of grain bulk maximum temperature, and accumulation of wetbulb temperature corresponding to bulk maximum temperature, and internal indexes such as the temperature, area and height of rice flour gelatinization peak measured by DSC, and dough development time and stability time, gelatinization peak torque and enzymatic speed in rice flour measured by a Mixolab, and fatty acid components (C14:1, C14:0, C20:5n3, C20:3n6, C20:2, C20:1, C24:1, C24:0), as well as rice appearance quality indexes like head rice percentage, small broken kernel rate, and kernel size could be used as the evaluation indexes for the low temperature storage of a japonica paddy with slightly high moisture.

Topic: Food composition and properties
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Care of Dying Patients in the Acute Hospital

The care of ten patients who were dying in an acute general hospital setting was examined by non-participant observation. Additional information was collected from patient clinical records and nurses' reports. Two major themes: ‘care’ and ‘advocacy’ and several sub-themes were identified, all providing relevant insights into the care provided. Barriers to the provision of quality care for these patients included strict adherence to routines and the Jack of a shared and consistent terminology to describe care relevant to their needs. These issues need to be addressed when developing guidelines for best practice in the care of dying patients in acute general hospital settings.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Psychiatric diagnosis: the indispensability of ambivalence

The author analyses how debate over the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has tended to privilege certain conceptions of psychiatric diagnosis over others, as well as to polarise positions regarding psychiatric diagnosis. The article aims to muddy the black and white tenor of many discussions regarding psychiatric diagnosis by moving away from the preoccupation with diagnosis as classification and refocusing attention on diagnosis as a temporally and spatially complex, as well as highly mediated process. The article draws on historical, sociological and first-person perspectives regarding psychiatric diagnosis in order to emphasise the conceptual—and potentially ethical—benefits of ambivalence vis-à-vis the achievements and problems of psychiatric diagnosis.

Topic: Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Lie Conformal Algebra and Dual Pair Type Realizations of Some Moonshine Type VOAs, and Calculations of the Correlation Functions

In this paper we use Lie conformal algebras to realize some moonshine type VOAs, whose Greiss algebras are Jordan algebras. On the other hand, we consider some free fields which realizes the corresponding simple VOAs. As an application, we can calculate the correlation functions of these VOAs in a relatively easy way.

Topic: Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of line parameters on performance of voltage source converters in distributed generation systems

The paper discusses the operational domain of three phase voltage source converters (VSC) connected to an ac grid. The effects of the parameters (X/R ratio) of the conductors between the VSC and grid on the active and reactive power transfer are analyzed. The impacts on the control parameters, namely, the power angle and output voltage of VSC have been described. The study has revealed the active and reactive power operational domain in relation to the circuit parameters. The simulation studies are conducted; the presented results have confirmed the analysis results. The results could be used to determine the power controllability of a VSC, therefore, the capacity of controlling reactive power/power factor while transfer the active power.

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences