jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding women's associations in Nigeria: The case of Oun state

This paper has analyzed the characteristic features of women's associations and problems inhibiting their effective participation in rural development projects in Osun State, Nigeria. One rural local government area was purposively selected in each of the six administrative zones in Osun State, based on high degrees of ruralness. A list of registered or formal women's associations was collected from each of the six selected Local Government Area headquarters. Snowball sampling technique and community key informants were employed to identify the non-registered or informal women's associations in the study area. Sixty women's associations (one formal and one informal from each of the 30 selected rural communities), purposively selected based on performance and availability, were interviewed by means of structured interview schedule consisting of both closed and opened ended questions (to exhaust all possibilities) duly pre tested before use. A total of 137 women's associations were identified in the study area. The popular goals of the majority were: financial assistance (96.4%), supporting members during ceremonies (95.0%), community development (86.9%), donating to the needy (69.3%), and exchange of helping hands in occupations (51.1%). A majority (53.3%) had between 21–40 members, formed before 1992 (70%), and about 50.6% and 40% disseminated information through minutes of the meetings and interpersonal contact respectively, while 43.3% claimed members' contributions as their major source of finance. About 48.3% met between 11–15 times a year, and 57.1% claimed attendance of meetings as the major responsibility of their members. The participation of the selected women's associations in rural development projects was average, with a mean of about three projects. A significant relationship was found between the participation of women's associations in the development projects of their communities and problems facing them, namely; finance (T=−2.38), tribalism (T=2.37), and lack of community supports (T=−2.39). The study concludes that women's associations are very prominent in the sampled rural areas. However, inadequate finance, tribalism and lack of community support are among the major problems inhibiting their effective participation in the development projects of their communities.

Topic: Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
In Vivo Magnification Angiography

The combination of direct magnification with angiography extends the limits of visibility to fine vascular branches. Lesions not seen using conventional techniques can be detected. Utilizing a special tube, the technique is clinically feasible at the time of conventional angiography. This report describes the special equipment requirements and the technique used in obtaining magnification angiograms and presents some examples of the results obtained.

Topic: Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enhancing the Usability of Telecare Devices

Demographic and sociological changes in the last 50 years have forced Western societies to create services to attend to elderly people in their homes, where they can live within familiar environments. Telecare involves a device plugged into a telephonic network that provides access to teams of professionals who can attend to the needs of the elderly in their homes. These devices have been designed according to the principles of universal design, but the great number of erroneous calls to telecare centers point to the necessity of enhancing the usability of the devices. One analysis of the cognitive functioning of elderly people showed that a possible cause of these errors could be the difficulty elderly people have when processing language. In our experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the numbers of errors could be reduced by using icons instead of words in the device interface. The results support this hypothesis.

Topic: Technology Use by Older Adults
Subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Nutrient Composition And Organoleptic Attributes Of Gruel Based On Fermented Cereal, Legume, Tuber And Root Flour

The nutrient composition and organoleptic attributes of gruel based on blends of 24-hour fermented wateryam (WY), cocoyam (CY), plantain (PT), african yam- bean (AYB), cowpea (CP), pigeon pea (PP) and corn (C) flour were examined. A batch of each food-grain was picked clean, sun-dried, hammermilled into flour(40mm mesh screen) and put in polyethylene bag. Root, tuber and plantain were first peeled, sliced, sun-dried and milled into flour(40mm mesh screen) and also put in polyethylene bag. The flour batches were separately put in a container and were subjected to natural fermentation in de-ionized water in the ratio of 1:3 (w/v) at 28 ± 20C for 24 hours as pilot studies indicated that fermenting beyond this period produced off-odour in tuber, root and plantain. The fermented samples were dried at 55 ± 20C in a drought air oven (Gallenkamp, BS Model 250 size 2 UK), hammer milled into fine flour (70mm mesh screen) and stored in a refrigerator( 5 ± 20C) until used for the chemical analysis and production of gruels. The nutrients of the flour were determined by standard methods. The flour was blended in a ratio of 70: 30 to prepare various gruels on protein basis. Legume flour formed 70% of the blends. The C, WY, CY, PT flour formed the other 25, 5, 3 and 2% of the blends, respectively. Corn flour traditionally used to make gruels served as the control. The nutrient levels and organoleptic attributes of the gruels were evaluated using standard methods. The data was statistically analyzed using means, standard error of the means and Duncan's multiple range test to separate and compare means. Fermentation caused increases in various nutrients. African yam-bean, cowpea, pigeon pea, water-yam and cocoyam flour had increases in protein due to fermentation except for corn and plantain. It increased fat only in AYB, CY and PT. Ash and fibrewere decreased in all the flour samples due to fermentation. The results showed that the gruel samples made from fermented blends contained various proportions of nutrients that ranged from 18.24 - 21.34% protein, 1.80 - 2.61% fat, 1.66 - 2.86% ash and 73.98 - 77.14% carbohydrate. The mineral levels were moderate except for phosphorus and calcium that ranged from 360 - 626mg and 318.20 - 376.60mg, respectively. The CP24C24CY24PT24 blend had the highest nutrients except for fat, carbohydrate and copper as against other test blends. The blend that had the highest nutrients had the highest organoleptic attributes. As judged by the results, the blend that had high food potentials could be used ascomplementary foods.Keywords: Gruel, nutrient composition , fermented blends, organoleptic test, cocoyam, Xanthosoma sagittifolium.

Topic: African Botany and Ecology Studies
Subfield: Forestry
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
67 Ga-Citrate Scintigraphy: An Early Diagnostic Aid in Occult Neoplasm

A patient presenting with a classical clinical picture of dermatomyositis displayed abnormal 67Ga localization in the mediastinum during search for an occult neoplasm. The 67Ga-citrate abnormality was demonstrated at least eight weeks before repeated tomograms of the chest revealed presence of a mass lesion in the mediastinum. This was confirmed by mediastinal biopsy to be an undifferentiated carcinoma of the oat cell type. The usefulness of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy as an early sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic aid was again demonstrated.

Topic: Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN, AKTIVITAS FISIK, RIWAYAT PENYAKIT, RIWAYAT DEMENSIA KELUARGA, DAN KEJADIAN DEMENSIA PADA LANSIA DI PANTI WERDHA TRESNA BOGOR

&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study were to analyze the patterns of food consumption, physical activity, history of disease, family history of dementia, and incidence of dementia in elderly in Werdha Tresna, nursing home, Bogor. Research design was cross sectional study with 42 elderly as subjects. The results showed that there were significant correlation between the level of education, adequacy of level vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, history of diabetes and physical activity with incidence of dementia in elderly (p&amp;lt;0.05). There were no significant correlation between age, adequacy of level folic acid, history of hypertension, and family history of dementia with incidence of dementia in elderly (p&amp;gt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Public Health and Nutrition
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
LONG-TERM WAVE HINDCAST DATABESE AROUND JAPAN FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARM SITE SELECTION

洋上風力発電の地点選定の意思決定において重要となる施設導入および維持管理コストの予測には海象条件の把握が必要となる．著者らは1958年から2010年までの全球・領域気象再現解析から推定された海上風データを用いて，同期間の長期波浪再現計算を実施してきた．ただし気象再現解析による台風強度の再現精度の問題から，台風時の高波が過小評価されることが課題であった．そこで，台風時には経験的台風モデルと全球再解析値とを組み合わせて海上風を設定することにより，台風時の波浪の再現精度を向上させた．また，観測データとの比較を通して，常時波浪や，台風時および非台風時における極大波高の推定精度を確認した．この長期の波浪推算結果を用いることにより，洋上風力発電事業の地点選定の判断に資する波浪情報を提供できるデータベースを構築した.

Topic: Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Neisseria meningitidis – Isolated from a Case of Pneumonia

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in all age groups. Invasive meningococcal disease manifesting as meningococcal pneumonia is a very rare clinical condition. Here we have a 72 year old male who presented with meningococcal pneumonia and sepsis following a flu like illness. It is notable that he did not develop the syndrome of meningococcemia or its associated complications. This patient was treated with injections of Piperacillin-Tazobactum and Azithromycin because of the unusual antibiotic resistance pattern of the organism. He recovered completely without any sequelae. The meningococci isolated was an ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) producing strain, hence it was resistant to Penicillin and third generation Cephalosporins which are usually used for the treatment of meningococcal infections .This strain was also resistant to Ciprofloxacin .This poses a threat to the community as well, especially because Ciprofloxacin is used as a chemo prophylactic drug by the contacts of the patient and the laboratory workers dealing with the patient’s clinical samples.

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A New Method for Automating Voice Calls Routing Using Data Preprocessing Techniques for Supervised Learning

In spite of the massive technological development in the telecommunications field globally, to transit and terminate international phone calls that are originated from one country to another is a process that requires much time and resources, which poses a great challenge. This paper proposes a new method for automated voice calls routing which automates the selection process for the appropriate carrier/channel of calls by creating a class label for quality statistics using data preprocessing for supervised learning while ensuring it complies with the requirements and conditions of the operator with its targeted quality of services. Data preprocessing tasks were performed on international calls duration records to automate the routing decision-making process in terms of sorting and prioritizing the routes of carriers who deliver the calls to the rightful destination. The methods used in the research were data cleaning to get rid of the noisy data, manual fill-in for the missing values, aggregation for data transformation, attribute subset selection in data reduction and finally creating a class label to determine the quality of each call and prepare the preprocessed data for supervised learning. The experimental results proved the efficiency of the proposed method and solved a great challenge that is facing telecom operators by saving operational costs and time.

Topic: Face and Expression Recognition
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Terahertz coherent radiation from steady-state microbunching in storage rings with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:math>-band radio-frequency system

The mechanism of steady-state microbunching (SSMB) has been proposed [D. F. Ratner and A. W. Chao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 154801 (2010)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.105.154801] to produce steady-state microbunched beams by using laser modulations in a storage ring for generating coherent radiation with high repetition rate at wavelengths from the submillimeter to extreme ultraviolet range. In the present paper, we analyze the dynamics of the SSMB system with a Hamiltonian and Jacobi matrix approach and identify the original proposal of SSMB as a mechanism with period-1 fixed point in phase space. We then propose an alternative SSMB mechanism with period-2 fixed point, which is able to produce microbunched beams with shorter bunch length and, hence, higher harmonic. Taking the SPEAR3 storage ring as an example, we illustrate the application of the period-2 SSMB to generate terahertz (THz) steady-state coherent radiation in a storage ring using an X-band radio-frequency (rf) system instead of a more technically demanding laser system. Issues covered include choice of rf parameters, system errors, beam lifetime, collective effects, and radiation power evaluation. Compared to the more traditional low-momentum-compaction operation mode, the proposed SSMB scheme potentially promises higher beam current, larger bunching factor, and hence brightness increase of at least 1 order of magnitude.

Topic: Terahertz technology and applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Gastric Bezoars after Partial Gastrectomy Report of Five Cases

During the past three years, we have seen gastric bezoars after partial gastrectomy in 5 patients. All had had a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and truncal vagotomy. Gastric bezoars appear to be a new complication of gastric surgery, as previous reports that contained follow-up data on many patients have not mentioned this possibility (5, 9). Only recently have case reports appeared of gastric bezoars in patients with such operations. Of particular interest in the etiology of gastric pouch bezoars is a case reported by Olivier et al. (7), in which peptic ulcer difficulties continued after a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy. The anastomosis was therefore converted to a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy which, however, did not control the symptoms, and a marginal ulceration developed. A vagotomy was the third operative procedure. Five months later, gastric fullness, vomiting, and epigastric pain led to the discovery of a large gastric bezoar that required surgical removal. Borg et al. (1) reported 3 cases of massive yeast bezoars after Billroth I gastroduodenostomies. One of the patients had also undergone a bilateral vagotomy. Bezoars in the gastric pouch after Billroth II gastric resections, which passed into the small bowel and caused obstruction, have also been reported (6). Chun and Dinan (2) reported 4 cases with this complication, McCabe and Knox (4) reported 2, and Wilde (10) reported 3. The obstructing bezoar usually consisted of undigested cellulose contents such as citrus fruit, apple, or potato skins. Also worthy of note is the fact that in none of the cases of gastric bezoar reviewed n 1939 by DeBakey and Ochsner (3) had gastric resection been performed. This fairly new complication may easily be misinterpreted on study of the gastrointestinal tract. The filling defects in the pouch may be recognized but dismissed as being recently ingested food. The radiologic diagnosis can be established easily, but awareness of this possibility is important. The condition must be distinguished from neoplastic lesions, jejunogastric intussusception, and mechanical obstruction at the stoma. Case Reports Case I: A 52-year-old man had a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and vagotomy on Sept. 22, 1954, because of peptic ulcer. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful. but two weeks later the patient complained of fullness and a heavy feeling in the abdomen. On radiologic examination, the stoma was not obstructed. Remnants of food were seen in the residual gastric pouch. Vomiting, epigastric pain, anorexia, and failure to gain weight led to rehospitalization five weeks after the operation. A large gastric bezoar was present (Fig. 1). No retention of fluid was noted within the stomach. Gastric lavage successfully broke up the bezoar. The patient was instructed carefully in regard to mastication and diet.

Topic: Intestinal and Peritoneal Adhesions
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Domar-Musgrave phenomenon and adverse selection

The taxation of risk-taking revenues induces an investor, who allocates a given amount of resources between a risky and a safe asset, to increase the risky share of his portfolio. This result was first derived by Domar and Musgrave in a partial analytic framework. In a more general framework it has been shown that, given that all tax revenues are redistributed in a lump-sum fashion, this Domar-Musgrave phenomenon can be expected to show up only if a substantial diversification of risks takes place within the tax proceeds. Given perfect capital markets, however, such "insurance"-properties of risk-taking-revenue taxes cannot be expected to exist. Is the Domar-Musgrave pheonomenon only a partial analytic peculiarity without much inportance? In this paper it is tried to revaluate the Domar-Musgrave phenomenon. Asymmetric information, in particular with regard to the valuation of entre-preneural firms that are considering going public, may induce a process of adverse selection. Some entrepreneurs decide not to go public or they sell only some part of their firms. In equilibrium, therefore, some unsystematic risk remains uncon­ solidated. In this case "compulsory insurance" such as a risk-taking-revenue tax is not ineffective. An additional risk consolidation takes place within the collected tax proceeds. However, the impact of such taxes on welfare is quite diverse, depending on the abilities of the owners of taxed entrepreneural firms to react to the taxes. If owners of entrepreneural firms cannot react via a change of ownership structure, then they will react like the investor in the portfolio model of the Domar-Musgrave framework, reproducing the effects derived in this literature. Good examples of this type of firm may be small business firms and craftsmen. However, if the original owner-managers of firms go public with a strictly positive percentage of their firms, while keeping a fraction of their own firms in their portfolios, the risk-taking-revenue tax induces them to increase this fraction. In this case the tax reinforces the process of adverse selection. The impact of a risk-taking-revenue tax on welfare depends on the type of firm. (author's abstract)

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of Group-delivered Stress-reduction Guided Imagery on Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Amylase, and Stress Mood in Urban, Predominantly Latino Adolescents

Objectives To determine acute effects of stress-reduction guided imagery delivered in group format on stress biomarkers salivary cortisol and salivary amylase, and on self-reported stress mood, in healthy, predominantly Latino adolescents. Study Design 111 adolescent participants (94% Latino), a subset from a large, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to improve obesity-related health behaviors, received either 4 weekly lifestyle education sessions (Lifestyle group; LS) or the same weekly lifestyle education sessions plus an additional weekly stress-reduction guided imagery session delivered in group format (Guided imagery group; GI). Salivary cortisol, salivary amylase, and self-reported stress moods were assessed before and after sessions on intervention weeks 3 and 4. Statistics: Linear mixed effects models examined within- and between-session and group differences in pre- to post-session changes. Results Both groups showed decreases in salivary cortisol, 5% decrease in LS group and 32% in GI group (within-group differences all P &lt; .05), with between-group difference in salivary cortisol of moderate size ( P = .05; Cohen’s d = .44). Within the GI group alone, salivary cortisol decrease was similar following either the lifestyle or GI sessions ( P = .64). There were no statistically significant amylase changes within or between groups. All 5 individual stress moods declined by 27% to 46% in the GI group (all P &lt; .05), while only 1 of the 5 declined in LS group. Conclusions Group stress-reduction guided imagery reduces the stress biomarker salivary cortisol, as well as reducing subjective stress mood states, making it a viable modality for large scale stress-reduction interventions.

Topic: Stress Responses and Cortisol
Subfield: Behavioral Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear fractional differential equation

Using the Schauder fixed point theorem, we prove an existence of positive solutions for the fractional differential problem in the half line $mathbb{R}^+=(0,infty)$: $$ D^{alpha}u=f(x,u),quad lim_{x o 0^+}u(x)=0, $$ where $alpha in (1,2]$ and $f$ is a Borel measurable function in $mathbb{R}^+imes mathbb{R}^+$ satisfying some appropriate conditions.

Topic: Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Association of cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensity, and glymphatic function in frontotemporal dementia variants

Abstract INTRODUCTION Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be phenotypically divided into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, the neural underpinnings of this phenotypic heterogeneity remain elusive. METHODS Cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS), and their interrelationships were assessed in subtypes of FTD. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses on the regional cortical morphological deviances among subtypes were also performed. RESULTS Changes in cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification, WMH, and DTI‐ALPS were subtype‐specific in FTD. The three morphologic indices are related to whole‐brain WMH volume and cognitive performance, while cortical thickness is related to DTI‐ALPS. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses identified key biological pathways linked to the formation and/or spread of TDP‐43/tau pathologies. DISCUSSION We found subtype‐specific changes in cortical morphology, WMH, and glymphatic function in FTD. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the development of personalized predictions and treatment strategies for this disorder. Highlights Cortical morphologic changes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and glymphatic dysfunction are subtype‐specific. Cortical morphologic changes, WMH, and glymphatic dysfunction are inter‐correlated. Cortical morphologic changes and WMH burden contribute to cognitive impairments.

Topic: Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences