jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tubo-ovarian Abscess

Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) leukocytes are used widely to localize inflammatory foci and abscesses. However, the use of radiolabeled leukocytes to detect a tubo-ovarian abscess has not been reported. The authors describe two cases of tubo-ovarian abscess successfully imaged using this technique in obese women with a clinical history of prolonged fever and abdominal pain. Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMPAO is a noninvasive, physiologic procedure with excellent imaging quality that is complementary but not competitive with anatomic imaging techniques such as US and CT. This scan is recommended as one of the steps for rapid accurate diagnosis of gynecologic pyogenic infection. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 39-year-old woman had a 2-week history of fever (38° to 39°C), abdominal pain, and a left tubo-ovarian mass. A transvaginal US revealed a large solid (69×72 mm), hypoechogenic mass.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: Three hours after injection of 15 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO WBC, a scan was performed. This procedure was used as one of the primary diagnostic tools. The scan showed two semi–ring-shaped areas of moderately increased accumulation of leukocytes attached to one another in the center of the pelvis. A pelvic abscess was diagnosed. The patient was taken to the operating room, where a large septated tubo-ovarian abscess was found. Approximately 250 ml viscous pus was aspirated from two abscess cavities (100 and 150 ml). Escherichia coli was grown from the specimen. Tc-99m HMPAO leukocytes are used widely to localize inflammatory foci and abscesses (1–4). However, a MEDLINE search of the available literature yielded only two reports of a tubo-ovarian abscess diagnosed by incidental scanning for acute appendicitis using WBC (5,6).FIGURE 3Fig. 3: Twenty-four hours after injection of 10 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO WBC, a scan was performed. A 50-year-old obese woman with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension was examined for fever, abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge. A gynecologic examination suggested a left tubo-ovarian mass. Tc-99m HMPAO WBC scintigraphy, performed to confirm the possible presence of a tubo-ovarian abscess, revealed pathologic uptake on the left side of the pelvis with a round photopenic area in the center of the mass. A tubo-ovarian abscess was confirmed by US.FIGURE 4Fig. 4: A transabdominal US of the pelvis shows a large hypoechogenic mass near the bladder with septation. Doppler scanning showed increased flow in the periphery of this mass.FIGURE 5Fig. 5: CT at the level of the upper pelvis shows a large soft tissue mass with areas of low density (necrosis). Under CT control, 350 ml pus was aspirated. B. Fragilis was grown from the specimen.

Topic: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A review on prevalence of bacteria in urinary tract infection

Worldwide, Urinary tract infections are the most common infections. Which can involve the urethra, bladder and kidney and are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, followed by Gram-positive bacteria or fungi. Most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than men are. Antibiotics are the typical treatment for a UTI. But you can take steps to reduce your chance of getting a UTI in the first place. Antibacterial agents are a major part of the treatment for UTI. Antimicrobial resistance patterns vary from time-to-time and across different regions. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host–pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs. A recent study says that infection rate varies among individuals considering their age, immunity, and lifestyle. The pathogens causing UTI are developing resistance against multiple drugs. From this study, we understand that Cranberry is the only plant source for the treatment of UTI in combination with antibiotics. There is a need to understand the importance of improving innate immunity and to know the best treatment regime to treat UTI.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Bioactive Lipid Metabolites in Amanita Virosa.

Amanita fungi are the main lethal toadstool among the 1000 poisonous mushrooms&#13;\nknown in the world. Thrombin is the key serine proteinase of the coagulation&#13;\ncascade and therefore a suitable target for inhibition of blood coagulation. An&#13;\nextract of Amanita virosa considerably inhibited thrombin (48%) and showed no&#13;\ninhibitory activity on trypsin. On the basis of inhibition selectivity between&#13;\nthrombin and trypsin and potency of thrombin inhibition, Amanita virosa&#13;\nconstituted a good starting material for isolation of further compounds that are&#13;\nactive against thrombin.&#13;\nIn a preliminary study, 95 selected&#13;\nmushroom species have been screened in order&#13;\nto find novel specific non-peptidic thrombin&#13;\ninhibitors. The extract of Amanita virosa&#13;\nconsiderably inhibited thrombin (48% at&#13;\nconcentration of 120 μg/mL).&#13;\nA bioassay oriented fractionation of the extract&#13;\nof Amanita virosa has led to the isolation of&#13;\nactive compounds. On the basis of spectroscopic data, chemical reactions and GCMS&#13;\nanalysis, complex mixtures of triglycerides, monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids&#13;\nand ergosterol have been isolated and identified.

Topic: Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Functional image registration in brachytherapy

Image-guided radiation therapy has become clinically important as a result of technical advances in both diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy. To conduct tumortargeted radiation therapy, the ability to detect and treat regions with aggressive tumor deposits that include radioresistant or hypermetabolic cells is indispensable. Ling et al proposed the term biological target volume (BTV) for the description of these regions.1 Malignant cells within the BTV are considered clinically significant cancer because, at least in radiobiological terms, it is these cells that quite likely determine the ultimate outcome of radiation therapy. Therefore, an ideal imaging tool for radiotherapy treatment planning (RTTP) should provide information on the location and the number of these cells.1

Topic: MRI in cancer diagnosis
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Potensi Urban Beekeeping dalam Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus di Kota Bandung

Urban Beekeeping is the activity of maintaining honey bee colonies in urban areas, which generally have a more friendly habitat for bees with lower pesticides used on plants and trees. Studies on the relationship between urban beekeeping activities and their potential in achieving sustainable development goals are not widely known, especially in Indonesia. The direct neighborhood involvement of citizens by nurturing stingless bees in their neighborhood has excellent potential in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Urban beekeeping has the potential to diversify ecosystems and improve environmental governance better. Using the identification of common themes, three components (environmental, social, and economic) with a total of 17 indicators that appear in urban beekeeping activities contribute to 75% of the main priority areas and 52.94% have the potential to play a role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

Topic: Plant and animal studies
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Rapid three-dimensional multiparametric MRI with quantitative\n transient-state imaging

Novel methods for quantitative, transient-state multiparametric imaging are\nincreasingly being demonstrated for assessment of disease and treatment\nefficacy. Here, we build on these by assessing the most common Non-Cartesian\nreadout trajectories (2D/3D radials and spirals), demonstrating efficient\nanti-aliasing with a k-space view-sharing technique, and proposing novel\nmethods for parameter inference with neural networks that incorporate the\nestimation of proton density. Our results show good agreement with gold\nstandard and phantom references for all readout trajectories at 1.5T and 3T.\nParameters inferred with the neural network were within 6.58% difference from\nthe parameters inferred with a high-resolution dictionary. Concordance\ncorrelation coefficients were above 0.92 and the normalized root mean squared\nerror ranged between 4.2% - 12.7% with respect to gold-standard phantom\nreferences for T1 and T2. In vivo acquisitions demonstrate sub-millimetric\nisotropic resolution in under five minutes with reconstruction and inference\ntimes &lt; 7 minutes. Our 3D quantitative transient-state imaging approach could\nenable high-resolution multiparametric tissue quantification within clinically\nacceptable acquisition and reconstruction times.\n

Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Structure‐Guided Discovery of a Potent and Selective Cell‐Active Inhibitor of SETDB1 Tudor Domain

Abstract SET domain bifurcated protein 1 (SETDB1) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that promotes the silencing of some tumour suppressor genes and is overexpressed in many cancers. SETDB1 contains a unique tandem tudor domain (TTD) that recognizes histone H3 sequences containing both methylated and acetylated lysines. Beginning with the identification of a hit compound ( Cpd1 ), we discovered the first potent and selective small molecule SETDB1‐TTD inhibitor ( R , R )‐59 through stepwise structure‐guided optimization. ( R , R )‐59 showed a K D value of 0.088±0.045 μM in the ITC assay. The high potency of ( R , R )‐59 was well explained by the cocrystal structure of the ( R , R )‐59 ‐TTD complex. ( R , R )‐59 is an endogenous binder competitive inhibitor. Evidence has also demonstrated its cellular target engagement. Interestingly, the enantiomer ( S , S )‐59 did not show activity in all the assays, highlighting the potential of ( R , R )‐59 as a tool compound in exploring the biological functions of SETDB1‐TTD.

Topic: Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Immunomodulatory Study of Different Solvent Extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn

The aim and objective of present study is that to provide a scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory potential of <i>Elephantopus scaber</i> in vivo<i>.</i> The immunomodulatory activity was performed in petroleum ether, solvent ether, methanol and aqueous extract of aerial part and root of <i>E. scaber</i> by using models such as delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral antibody response to SRBC and carbon clearance test for phagocytic activity in Wistar rat. The observation and results of present study suggested that among the total 8 extract, only the petroleum ether and solvent ether aerial part extract of <i>E. scaber</i> significantly decreased in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), humoral antibody (HA) titre and phagocytic index thereby indicating significant immunosuppressant activity in experimental animals.

Topic: Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Characteristics of Quality and Patient Safety Curricula in Major Teaching Hospitals

The authors recently discovered 2 quality and patient safety curricula for internal medicine and general surgery residents in major teaching hospitals: an infrequent formal curriculum developed by the university and a positive informal curriculum found in the teaching hospital. A hidden curriculum was postulated. These data were gathered through applied qualitative research methodology. In this article, curricular characteristics of the formal, informal, and hidden curricula are described and analyzed. Themes evaluated were planning, delivery, evaluation, drivers, responsible entity, and resources. The data show different curricular characteristics in each theme, especially for the formal and informal curricula. Understanding curricular characteristics represents the next step in understanding the environments of resident quality and safety learning, especially in the academic hospital setting. Aligning the formal and informal curricula as well as leveraging all curricula could improve educational venues for quality and safety and institutional clinical performance, and promote a learning health care system.

Topic: Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Subfield: Emergency Medical Services
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Bridging with Meaning: Organizational Vocabularies and Communication Networks in Organizations

We examine how communication networks within organizations are structured by organizational vocabularies -- sets of words used by organizational participants to describe, interpret and share their personal experiences within hierarchically structured domains of activity. The basic question we explore asks: how does the overlap in organizational vocabularies affect communication and information sharing relations across formal organizational boundaries? We reconstruct the bipartite network between organizational participants and the words they use to describe their subsidiary company within a multi-unit group, and examine how dyadic patterns of association between participants and words affect interpersonal communication networks. In an analysis of the multilevel network linking managers both directly, as well as through their affiliation to words, we find that organizational members adopt similar vocabularies to describe their organizational units. However, overlapping organizational vocabularies per se do not imply that organizational members will be more likely to establish relations of task-related communication. Typically, organizational members tend to restrict communication ties within rather than between formal boundaries. Yet, overlapping vocabularies make organizational members significantly more likely to communicate and share information across the formal boundaries of their units. We discuss the role that organizational vocabularies play in sustaining knowledge transfer across organizational boundaries, thus bridging cultural holes within organizations.

Topic: Innovation and Knowledge Management
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Regioselective Porphyrin Bridge Cleavage Controlled by Electronic Effects. Coupled Oxidation of 3-Demethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)mesohemin IX and Identification of Its Four Biliverdin Derivatives

This report describes the nonenzymatic oxidative cleavage of the title porphyrin (2) performed with oxygen and ascorbic acid in aqueous pyridine at 37 degrees C (coupled oxidation), via hydrolysis of the corresponding verdoheme intermediates, followed by esterification of the resulting free acid mesobiliverdin analogues to their dimethyl esters 4 (alpha isomer), 5 (beta isomer), 6 (gamma isomer), and 7 (delta isomer). The four biliverdin derivatives were purified by HPLC, and their structures were confirmed by FAB MS and also by UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. The purity of each compound was checked by (19)F NMR, and the four regioisomers were assigned through their 2D-NMR ROESY spectra and confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The ratio of regioisomers was determined by (19)F NMR spectroscopy before any purification of single compounds was attempted: alpha:beta:gamma:delta 11:6:26:57 (%). This unusually high regioselectivity was attributed to the electron-withdrawing effect of the CF(3) group on the electronic structure of porphyrin as shown considering the ab initio calculations of an iron(II) beta-substituted (trifluoromethyl)porphyrin used as a model compound. In porphyrin 2, the oxidation clearly takes place at the electron richest meso positions, the order of reactivity strictly following that of electron density, pointing out that the regiospecificity of the bridge cleavage can be effectively controlled by the electronic effects of some strategic substituents in the chromophore. The relevance of all these results in the study of the mechanism of the reactions involved in the natural catabolism of heme, catalyzed by heme oxygenase, is discussed. The advantages of 2 derived from this work, which make it a suitable model compound for the enzymatic reaction, are also discussed.

Topic: Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
&lt;title&gt;Profiling of multichip module interconnects with a hybrid high-speed triangulation range sensor&lt;/title&gt;

To increase the functionality and complexity of microelectronic components, new packaging techniques such as multichip-modules (MCMs) are used. However, certain MCM manufacturing processes are limited by the yield and reliability of the electrical contacts formed by the solder interconnects or bumps. In this paper we describe an optical measurement system to detect defective electrical contacts before bonding occurs. By using a high-speed, laser-based point range sensor and a high speed part transport system, critical solder bump features such as volume, height and planarity can be measured.

Topic: 3D IC and TSV technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Status of Coffee Intake in South Korea: Analysis of 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of coffee intake in South Korea by analyzing the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results showed that 52.3% of Koreans consumed coffee at least once a day. Males consumed coffee more frequently than females and those aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years consumed coffee most frequently. Coffee drinkers consumed coffee two times a day and 138 mL each time on average. Coffee was mainly consumed either at home (44.8%) or in the workplace (36.1%); males drank coffee most frequently in the workplace and females did so at home. Milk coffee including coffee from vending machines and coffee mix (73.8%) was the most common type of coffee consumed. The results of this study would extend the understanding of the general status of coffee intake in South Korea, which has shown steady growth but remains a relatively overlooked research area.

Topic: Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
The sustainable innovation engine

Purpose The purpose of this article is to present a model for sustainable innovation based on learning and knowledge. Design/methodology/approach Definitions of knowledge, innovation and learning are provided. Followed by a discussion on the link between knowledge and innovation, the concept of the nominal innovation probability space is introduced, built on the definitions of knowledge depth and knowledge diversity. Different learning styles are presented and how these can increase knowledge depth and knowledge diversity, improving a firm's position in the innovation probability space. A final description is provided of a model for the sustainable innovation engine. Findings The article finds that learning is essential to ensure sustainable innovation. Innovation probability is impacted by the organisation's knowledge depth and diversity. Learning styles are correlated to the firm's innovativeness and competitiveness. Experimentation as a learning style is essential for discontinuous innovation. Learning effectiveness is increased if supported by a knowledge management approach. Sustainable innovation requires a positive feedback loop between knowledge creation (learning) and innovation. Originality/value The article provides useful information on the introduction of the nominal innovation probability space based on a firm's knowledge depth and diversity; the concept of knowledge empathy; and the distinction between innovation and sustainable innovation and its importance for competitive and collaborative advantage.

Topic: Complex Systems and Decision Making
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Thermally stable, low saturation field, low hysteresis, high GMR CoFe/Cu multilayers

In order to integrate giant magnetoresistive (GMR) devices with integrated circuit (IC) technology for sensors, annealing at a minimum temperature of 285/spl deg/C for a few hours is required after GMR deposition to eliminate the radiation damage in transistors. A much longer term thermal stability is necessary for the integrated devices to operate at well above room temperatures. Multilayers of Ta-NiFeCo-[CoFe/Cu]/sub 9/-CoFe-Ta were found to have high GMR value, low saturation field, relatively low hysteresis and good thermal stability, and therefore have high potential for this application. These multilayers were r.f. sputter deposited on Si wafers coated with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/. GMR value increased from a low as-deposited value of 15% to as high as 20% after annealing at 285/spl deg/C. Annealing at a higher temperature of 325/spl deg/C either increases or decreases the GMR value profoundly from the as-deposited values, depending on the CoFe layer thicknesses in the multilayers. Other properties such as sheet resistance and hysteresis are much less sensitive with these annealings. In order to optimize the performance of integrated GMR devices, the annealing effects have to be considered in designing starting materials.

Topic: Magnetic properties of thin films
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Semi-local invariants for non-resonnant Poisson structures on S1xRn

The purpose of this paper is to give a semi-local study along generic closed curves of zeros: we formally classify Poisson structures defined in a neighborhood of Gamma:=S^1x{0} in S^1xR^n, that vanish on Gamma, and whose linear approximation at one point m of Gamma is isomorphic to the dual of a non-resonant Lie algebra.

Topic: Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
MOESM1 of A reappraisal of instrumental magnetic measurements made in Western Europe before AD 1750: confronting historical geomagnetism and archeomagnetism

Additional file 1. Table S1: New averaged historical geomagnetic directions computed in Paris between the sixteenth and the mid eighteenth century. Figure S1. New historical Western European geomagnetic directional variation curve, and its comparison with the gufm1 model.

Topic: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Findings in intrahepatic bile ducts after ligation of the choledochus in an experiment].

The elevation of intraductal bile pressure in hepatic tissue of rats manifested itself a few hours later the ligation of common bile duct by focal dilatation of bile canaliculi which was followed by proceeding concentration of pericanalicular ectoplasma of hepatocytes and partial renewal of contractility of canalicular system. Later, proliferation of interlobular bile ducts together with a relatively rapid loss of pericanalicular density followed. New - built bile ducts scarcely infiltrated by polynuclear leucocytes proceeded from margins of portal tracts in between trabecules of hepatocytes in the periphery of lobules.

Topic: Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences