jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The spectrophotometric determination of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves by using a color developing reagent, blue tetrazolium chloride

The spectrophotometric determination of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves was done by employing blue tetrazolium chloride as a color developing reagent. The maximum absorption of formazan dye which is the product of the reaction between blue tetrazolium chloride and fructose was shown to be 530 nm. In the fructose concentration range of 0.02mg/ml-0.14mg/ml the calibration curve coincided well to the law of Beer-Lambert. In order to take a look at the accuracy and/or recovery rate of fructose determination, the standard fructose was added to the tobacco leaves and the concentration of this standard fructose was estimated. A slightly lower concentration of the standard fructose compared with the pure one in solution was observed. However, an excellent analytical recovery was revealed under the-2% of relative error limit. When the quantitative determination of reducing sugar by the visual read-out (without using the spectrophotometer) method was done, the relative error obtained +- 10%

Topic: Potato Plant Research
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Breed and Heterosis Effects on Testicular Development and Endocrine Function of Puberal Boars2

Purebred and two-breed cross Duroc, Landrace, Spotted and Yorkshire boars were evaluated at 218 ± 6 d of age to determine the influence of breed on testicular development and on concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in blood serum after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Concentrations of LH and testosterone were determined in serum samples obtained from the vena cava of 139 boars just before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after an im injection of 200 μg of GnRH. The right testes of 136 boars were removed and sperm numbers were determined in homogenates of testicular parenchymae, capita-corpora epididymides and caudae epididymides. Crossbred boars weighed 7 kg more (P<.05) than purebred boars. Testes, capita-corpora and caudae epididymides were heavier (P<.01) for crossbred boars (46.4 ± 10.8, 3.8 ± 1.4 and 4.8 ± 1.4 g, respectively) than for purebred boars. Crossbred boars had more testicular sperm (33.7 ± 2.0 × 109 vs 25.4 ± 2.3 × 109, P<.01), more capita-corpora epididymidal sperm (28.9 ± 1.7 × 109 vs 20.8 ± 2.1 × 109, P<.01) and more caudae epididymidal sperm (53.6 ± 2.9 × 109 vs 43.8 ± 3.8 × 109, P<.05) than purebred boars. Breed of boar influenced (P<.05) testicular weight, capita-corpora weight and sperm numbers and caudal weight and sperm numbers. Concentrations of LH and testosterone in serum were similar (P>.10) for crossbred and purebred boars at all but one sampling time. At 3 h after treatment with GnRH concentrations of LH were greater (P<.05) in crossbred than purebred boars and concentrations of testosterone were greater (P<.05) in crossbred than purebred boars at 4 h after GnRH. There was a significant breed × time interaction for concentrations of LH and testosterone. Breed of boar influenced (P<.05) concentrations of LH at 1, 2 and 3 h after treatment with GnRH, and concentrations of testosterone were affected by breed at 2 and 4 h after treatment. However, breed of boar did not influence either LH or testosterone in serum before treatment with GnRH (0 h) and LH in serum at 4 h and testosterone in serum at 1 and 3 h after GnRH. These results indicate that breed of boars influences testicular characteristics and concentrations of testosterone and LH in serum after GnRH. Heterosis was detected for testicular and epididymidal weights and sperm numbers, but heterosis was not observed for concentrations of LH and testosterone in serum.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
pH-Sensitive Nitroxide Radicals for Studying Inorganic and Organo-Inorganic Materials and Systems

© 2012 Kovaleva and Molochnikov, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pH-Sensitive Nitroxide Radicals for Studying Inorganic and Organo-Inorganic Materials and Systems

Topic: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Subfield: Bioengineering
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Transforming Literacy Research for the Indigenous San of Botswana: Adopting appropriate research methods

This paper seeks to advance reasons why appropriate research methods are important in conducting literacy research among the San peoples of Botswana, Southern Africa's first indigenous peoples. According to the Literacy Research Association, literacy research is “dedicated to promoting research that enriches the knowledge, understanding, and development of lifespan literacies in a multicultural and multilingual world.” In addition, the research should be “rigorous, methodologically diverse, and socially responsible” (Literacy Research Association, n.d.). The researchers developed an argument for the inclusion of the Southern African Philosophy of Botho (known as Ubuntu in South Africa) as a theoretical framework in San research. According to Chilisa and Preece (2005), Ubuntu/Botho preaches respect for human life, mutual help, generosity, cooperation, respect for elders and social harmony. In addition, Botho can be employed with other frameworks such as Social Construction of Knowledge and Afrocentricity. Currently, the San peoples feel that they do not have a say in their children's education and policies that affect their day-to-day lives. The adoption of relevant and appropriate research methodologies in the San people's research will result in San empowerment not only in literacy development, but in all spheres of life. An important recommendation of this study is that San peoples should be gatekeepers not only in their communities, but also in academia.

Topic: African cultural and philosophical studies
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Dielectric Anomalies in Silicon Single Crystals

Dielectric constant κ′ and dielectric loss κ″ of Si single crystals with resistivities 12.5, 1000, and 16 000 Ω·cm were measured in the frequency range 103 to 109 cps at temperatures from 4.2°K to 300°K. The dielectric constant at 300°K decreases with frequency and reaches a constant value of 12 above 107 cps. The dielectric loss decreases linearly with frequency in the whole frequency range. The variation of dielectric constant and loss with temperature shows a sharp conductivity-dependent jump at 25°K. Below 25°K the dielectric constant and loss reach constant values. The value of the dielectric constant below 25°K corresponds to the square of refractive index. Between 30° and 80°K the dielectric constant reaches a frequency-independent plateau. The height of the plateau depends on the conductivity of the sample. Above 80°K the dielectric constant is frequency-dependent and increases exponentially with temperature. The irregular variation of dielectric properties is correlated to the formation and trapping of charge carriers.

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Fertilizer Use, Risk, and Off‐Farm Labor Markets in the Semi‐Arid Tropics of India

A two‐period model is developed in which a risk‐averse farmer uses off‐farm labor to smooth consumption, leading to greater use of fertilizer. Fertilizer demand is shown to increase with the depth of the off‐farm labor market. Controlling for exogenous weather risk, farmers use more fertilizer the lower the unemployment rate and the higher the share of nonagricultural work in total off‐farm labor. The results suggest that off‐farm labor markets and own‐farm production may be complementary in risky production environments, so that policies which promote the depth of the off‐farm labor market in low‐income areas may also bolster farm productivity.

Topic: Agricultural risk and resilience
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Hindered Coarsening of a Phase-Separating Microemulsion Due to Dispersed Colloidal Particles

The addition of sterically stabilized colloidal particles to a phase-separating microemulsion leads to dramatic changes in its demixing behavior, especially during the later stages. Our microemulsion is composed of reverse micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate, pentanol, and water in a dodecane continuous phase which separates into micelle-rich and micelle-poor phases above a lower critical solution temperature. The poly(methyl methacrylate) particles preferentially partition into the less structured, micelle-poor phase. Nucleation of the minority phase or spinodal decomposition close to criticality continue to occur in the presence of particles, albeit with pronounced pretransitional clustering of particles when the micelle-poor phase is in the minority. The coalescence of micelle-poor droplets and the coarsening of micelle-rich domains are both strongly modified due to the presence of colloidal particles. We use our observations of the early stages of phase separation to understand these late stage changes.

Topic: Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Propagating the Ideal

In this chapter, visions of mobile communication are explored by focussing on idealised concepts surrounding wireless technology. By examining sources on the development, marketing, and use of wireless technology, I contextualise these visions within earlier accounts of ideal communication found in media history and isolate the regularities that are part of these accounts. On close examination, a paradox reveals itself in these regularities, one that can be described as resulting from an uneasiness in the human communication psyche: an unfulfilled desire for divine togetherness that clashes with individual communication needs. While the exact nature of this paradox—innate and hardwired into our brains, or culturally fostered—remains unknown, however, I assert that the paradox will continue to fuel idealised ideas about future communication technology. I conclude with the observation that not all use of mobile technology can immediately be interpreted as transcendental, and that built-in locational awareness balances the mobile communication act.

Topic: Media, Religion, Digital Communication
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Fundamentals of Real‐Time Surface Plasmon Resonance/Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Abstract We report the integration of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cyclic voltammetry and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) responses to survey the interfacial adsorption and energy transfer processes involved in ECL on a plasmonic substrate. It was observed that a Tween 80/tripropylamine nonionic layer formed on the gold electrode of the SPR sensor, while enhancing the ECL emission process, affects the electron transfer process to the luminophore, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , which in turn has an impact on the plasmon resonance. Concomitantly, the surface plasmon modulated the ECL intensity, which decreased by about 40 %, due to an interaction between the excited state of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and the plasmon. This occurred only when the plasmon was excited, demonstrating that the optically excited surface plasmon leads to lower plasmon‐mediated luminescence and that the plasmon interacts with the excited state of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ within a very thin layer.

Topic: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
ON THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE ML ESTIMATORS IN NETWORK EFFECT MODELS

The present contribution aims at describing the finite sample behaviour of ML estimators in network autocorrelation models, a class of auto-regressive models used to study the effect of networks on a variable of interest when the data points are interdependent. More specifically, through an extensive simulation study, it is investigated whether, and the conditions under which, the ML estimators are asymptotically normally distributed.

Topic: Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Sugarbeet yields unaffected by afternoon wilting

Sugarbeet irrigation has been studied extensively in the western
United States. The present state of the art has been reviewed
by Loomis and Haddock (2) 8. Most field experiments
have been run at three or more levels of soil moisture—wet,
medium and dry. Differences in root and sugar yields under
these moisture regimes have not been strikingly different so long
as the dry treatment did not cause prolonged wilting, and so
long as the wet treatment did not cause leaching of nutrients.

Topic: Irrigation Practices and Water Management
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Digital inventory audits: an alternative approach to physical observation in audit evidence gathering

Purpose This study examines whether digital streaming and observation technologies can serve as an alternative approach for collecting inventory audit evidence, the challenges faced in their adoption and the factors contributing to their non-adoption. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a two-stage, mixed-method approach, beginning with pilot study interviews that informed the comprehensive survey with qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings Our findings revealed a positive perspective concerning the effectiveness and reliability of these technologies for inventory audits and the efficiency of internal controls within them, despite challenges such as obtaining a holistic view of the warehouse, observing obsolescence, ensuring inventory completeness and general reliability concerns. Additionally, preferences for physical inventory audits and skepticism about these technologies’ potential to enhance audit quality were identified as factors contributing to their non-adoption. Research limitations/implications These findings have important implications for cost-conscious firms because they reveal that carefully adopting intermediate technologies can enhance the audit process. Our findings are relevant to audit regulators and firms interested in determining whether such technologies enhance audit efficiency and quality. This study highlights the need for updated auditing standards and directives and technologies that meet auditing requirements. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by uncovering whether less advanced technologies can be used as an alternative approach to collect audit evidence. Consequently, the finding adds to the growing body of literature underscoring the potential of technologies, even less sophisticated ones, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of audits, despite their challenges. Additionally, it underscores the need for clear regulatory standards, suggests that auditors embrace emerging technologies and acquire relevant skills and offers insights for technology developers on audit firms’ concerns regarding digital technologies.

Topic: Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
State mapping for cross-language speaker adaptation in TTS

Cross-language speaker adaptation has many interesting applications, e.g. speech-to-speech translation. However, in cross-language speaker adaptation, a common phoneme set, assumed to be used by different speakers of the same language, does not exist any longer. Instead, a nearest neighbor based phoneme mapping from one language to the other has been adopted. In this study, we used our recently proposed sub-phonemic HMM state mapping for cross-language adaptations. The sub-phonemic HMM states, due to their phonetic segment nature, tend to be more sharable across different languages than phonemes. Kullback-Leibler divergence, an information-theoretic measure, is chosen here to measure the similarity between given states in different languages. Experimental results show that new state mapping outperforms the phoneme mapping baseline system in terms of three objective measures: log spectral distance, F0 adaptation error and F0 correlations. In comparing with intra-language adaptation, the cross-language result of the new algorithm is also fairly decent.

Topic: Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Craniofacial Soft-Tissue Anthropomorphic Database with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Unbiased Diffeomorphic Registration

Background: Objective assessment of craniofacial surgery outcomes in a pediatric population is challenging because of the complexity of patient presentations, diversity of procedures performed, and rapid craniofacial growth. There is a paucity of robust methods to quantify anatomical measurements by age and objectively compare craniofacial dysmorphology and postoperative outcomes. Here, the authors present data in developing a racially and ethnically sensitive anthropomorphic database, providing plastic and craniofacial surgeons with “normal” three-dimensional anatomical parameters with which to appraise and optimize aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes. Methods: Patients with normal craniofacial anatomy undergoing head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2008 to 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Images were used to construct composite (template) images with diffeomorphic image registration method using the Advanced Normalization Tools package. Composites were thresholded to generate binary three-dimensional segmentations used for anatomical measurements in Materalise Mimics. Results: High-resolution MRI scans from 130 patients generated 12 composites from an average of 10 MRI sequences each: four 3-year-olds, four 4-year-olds, and four 5-year-olds (two male, two female, two Black, and two White). The average head circumference of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old composites was 50.3, 51.5, and 51.7 cm, respectively, comparable to normative data published by the World Health Organization. Conclusions: Application of diffeomorphic registration-based image template algorithm to MRI is effective in creating composite templates to represent “normal” three-dimensional craniofacial and soft-tissue anatomy. Future research will focus on development of automated computational tools to characterize anatomical normality, generation of indices to grade preoperative severity, and quantification of postoperative results to reduce subjectivity bias.

Topic: Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Effects of some factors on carotenoid biosynthesis by Rhodotorula Muclaginosa

Carotenoid compounds are the popular natural antioxidants which are often isolated from plants. There have been more and more researches on carotenoid biosynthesis towards lowering product prices. In this study, in order to produce carotenoid, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was grown on aqueous media composed of carbon source (glucose, glycerol), nitrogen source (yeast extract, (NH4)2SO4). The optimum nutrient concentration was 10g/L glucose, 10g/L glycerol, the ratio of yeast extract and (NH4)2SO4 (3:7). The fermentation time for obtaining the highest carotenoid yield was 10 days in our research condition. Additionally, some oxidative stress environment for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was be studied. The result has shown that the low level of Cu2+ (4.5mM) or 1% H2O2 solution (% v/v) in the fermentation media could increase the carotenoid biosynthesis.

Topic: Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The “Glass of Milk” Subsidy Program and Malnutrition in Peru

This study of the Vaso de Leche ("Glass of Milk") feeding program in Peru looks for evidence that this in-kind transfer program aimed at young children furthers nutritional objectives. The study links public expenditure data with household survey data to substantiate the targeting and to model the determinants of nutritional outcomes. It confirms that the social transfer program targets poor households and households with low nutritional status. Nevertheless, the study fails to find econometric evidence that the nutritional objectives are being achieved.

Topic: Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Subfield: Safety Research
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Tolfenamic Acid Sensitizes Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumor Cells to Chemotherapy

Ewing sarcoma family tumor (EFT) is the second most prevalent bone and soft tissue tumor observed in children and young adolescents. Patients with metastatic disease have poor outcome with 5-year overall survival rate less than 30%. Current chemotherapeutic options are causing limited progress in the management of EFT. Our aim was to identify novel targets and less toxic agents to improve the efficacy of standard care offered to EFT patients. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to be upregulated in various cancers and is frequently linked to poor prognosis. In this study, Tolfenamic acid, an inhibitor of Sp1 was tested to sensitize EFT cells to commonly used chemotherapeutic agent Vincristine (Vin). The effect of TA or Vin or TA+Vin on cell viability was evaluated by CellTiter-Glo assay and caspase 3/7 activity was measured by Caspase3/7 Glo assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of Sp1, survivin, and cleaved-PARP. Apoptotic cell population was measured by Annexin V staining. Results showed a dose and time dependent decrease in cell viability with both agents while the combination of TA+Vin caused a significantly higher response as compared to individual treatments. This inhibition of cell viability was accompanied by the inhibition of Sp1 and survivin expression and an increase in the apoptotic markers i.e. Annexin-V positive cells, caspase 3/7 activity and the levels of c-PARP. Our results suggest that TA+Vin combination treatment provides an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EFT.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences