jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macrocell Corrosion of Steel in Concrete under Carbonation, Internal Chloride Admixing and Accelerated Chloride Penetration Conditions

Steel corrosion has become the main reason for the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Due to the heterogeneity of concrete and the spatial variation of environmental conditions, macrocell corrosion is often formed by localized corrosion, which is more detrimental if the anode is supported by large numbers of cathodes. The macrocell corrosion caused by concrete carbonation has been seldom studied. Furthermore, the influence of geometrical conditions on cathode-controlled corrosion in the chloride environment needs to be further clarified. In this work, the macrocell corrosion of steel embedded in concrete specimens exposed to accelerated carbonation, chloride contamination, and chloride penetration is studied using a modified ASTM G109 method. Concrete specimens with various binder types, geometrical parameters (i.e., concrete cover thickness and the diameter of embedded steel), and boundary conditions were tested. A simplified mathematical model for the prediction of the steel corrosion rate was developed considering two-dimensional oxygen diffusion. The results showed that, at the same level of anodic potential drops, the corrosion current rate in chloride-induced corrosion is higher than that of carbonation-induced corrosion. Chloride contamination is less detrimental to concrete incorporated with slag and pulverized fly ash than it is to pure ordinary Portland cement (OPC), likely due to enhanced chloride binding capacity. The results also indicated that the model considering two-dimensional diffusion can accurately predict the cathodic reaction process on corroded steel bars, which provides a theoretical basis for considering the correction coefficient of steel bar position in the establishment of a steel bar corrosion rate model.

Topic: Concrete Corrosion and Durability
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Family and Schooling Influences on Children's Memory Development.

MF01/PC01 Plus Pcstage. Cognitive Development; Learning Activities; *Learning Processes; *Memorizing; *Memory; Parent Role; *Preschool Learning; Primary Education; *Recall (Psychological); Teacher Role Thirty-two parent couples participated in this investigation to determine whether learning patterns established in the home environment significantly affect a child's later cognitive development in traditionally schcol-taught subjects. This research report outlines the methodology used in the study, explains the operational criteria for the four different kinds of knowledge considered, and tabulates the results et the experiment by means of percentage statistics. The differences between teacher initiated and parent-initiated memory training techniques are discussed. The study ccncludes that preschool children have little exposure to mnemonic study techniques (even though the majority of parents feel that the formation of memorization skills should take place prior to school enrollment), and that the small amount of training that they do receive has a negligible effect cn later memory performance. (LH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Family and Schooling Influences on Children's Memory Development Rosanne L. Sullivan, Garrett Lange and Linden M. Palmer Department of Child Development and Family Studies

Topic: Early Childhood Education and Development
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The antioxidant activity of roselle and dragon fruit peel functional drink in free radical inhibition

Abstract This paper investigates the antioxidant of roselle and dragon fruit peel functional drink in free radical inhibition. Roselle free radical inhibition was determined at variations in temperature and heating time of 40, 50, 60°C, and 5, 10, and 15 minutes. For dragon fruit peels 60, 80, 100°C and 5, 15, and 25 minutes. The functional drink formula consists of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel (50%: 50%), 65% sucrose. The inhibition ability of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel and functional drinks were tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) method. The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Design. All chemical analyses reported as mean. Anova and Duncan (P≤0.05) test.The results showed that the optimum free radical inhibition ability of roselle extract at 60°C for 5 minutes 80.679% and dragon fruit peel at 100°C for 25 minutes 72.588%. The functional drink formula of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel (50%: 50%) could inhibit free radicals by 65.057% with phenols content of 317.59 ppm. The functional drink formula of roselle and dragon fruit peel contains antioxidants that have the ability to inhibit free radicals, which is considered as an alternative to functional drinks that are very beneficial for body health.

Topic: Hibiscus Plant Research Studies
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Deep-Learning-Based Multiple Beamforming for 5G UAV IoT Networks

This article develops a novel hierarchical 5G Internet of Things network with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the sky. In the proposed system, the leader UAV plays a vital role in the communication with ground base stations and other UAVs. The leader UAV relies on multiple beamforming to establish and maintain reliable broadband connections, which requires the location and altitude information of the UAV. Therefore, we propose a novel deep learning algorithm based on gated recurrent units and autoencoder for trajectory prediction and pose estimation. Simulation results show that this algorithm greatly improves the performance of the entire system, and has obvious advantages compared to traditional methods.

Topic: UAV Applications and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mesoscopic Charge Fluctuations in the Coulomb Blockade Regime

We study mesoscopic fluctuations of the differential capacitance of a dot\nconnected to a lead by a single-mode quantum channel with adjustable\nconductance G. We show that the amplitude of the fluctuations reaches maximum\nat a partially opened channel, G\\lesssim e^2/\\pi\\hbar. Parametric correlations\nof fluctuations at different values of the applied voltage and magnetic field\ncan be studied experimentally, and we find the corresponding correlation\nfunctions for the differential capacitance.\n

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Crystal structure thermal evolution and novel orthorhombic phase of methylammonium lead bromide, CH3NH3PbBr3

Abstract Methylammonium (MA) lead trihalide perovskites, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl), have emerged as a new class of light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic applications, reaching efficiencies of 23% when implemented in solar cell heterojunctions. In particular, MAPbBr 3 is a promising member with a large bandgap that gives rise to a high open circuit voltage. Here we present a structural study from neutron diffraction (ND) data of an undeuterated MAPbBr 3 specimen, carried out to follow its crystallographic behaviour in the 2–298 K temperature range. Besides the known crystallographic phases, i.e. the high-temperature Pm \(\stackrel{-}{3}\) m cubic structure, the intermediate I 4 /mcm tetragonal symmetry and the low-temperature Pnma orthorhombic phase, we additionally identified, from a detailed sequential ND analysis, a novel intermediate phase within the 148.5–154.0 K temperature range as an orthorhombic Imma structure, early associated with a coexistence of phases. Moreover, our ND data allowed us to unveil the configuration of the organic MA units and their complete localization within the mentioned temperature range, thus improving the crystallographic description of this compound. The evolution with temperature of the H-bonds between the organic molecule and the inorganic cage is also followed. A deep knowledge of the crystal structure and, in particular, the MA conformation inside the perovskite cage seems essential to establish structure-property correlations that may drive further improvements.

Topic: Perovskite Materials and Applications
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Palliative care in undergraduate medical education – consolidation of the learning contents of palliative care in the final academic year

Background: Demographic change and the medical imperative to accompany patients at all times and also in the case of illness leading to death require good basic knowledge of palliative care in large parts of the medical profession. Palliative care has been introduced into undergraduate medical education as a compulsory subject: “interdisciplinary subject 13 palliative care” (Q13). While course concepts for Q13 have already been positively evaluated, assessment of the consolidation and practical relevance of the knowledge taught is lacking. Methods: Assessment of the consolidation of the learning content from Q13 after the practical year (the “practical year” is the sixth and final year of undergraduate medical education in Germany) by means of a survey with a proven questionnaire and integrated qualitative free-text analysis of a cohort of medical students (n=176) who had already participated in an evaluation before and after Q13. Results: The response rate was 96% after Q13 and 45% after the practical year (PY). Teaching was predominantly perceived as more helpful than the PY (p&lt;0.001). Compared to the status after Q13, students rated themselves as less competent after the PY in all areas surveyed, including drug-based pain therapy (p=0.0386). The certainty in informing patients about the incurability of the disease also decreased significantly after the PY (p=0.0117), although the preparation in Q13 was positively highlighted. Conclusion: The knowledge acquired in Q13 could not be anchored in the PY. On the contrary, after initial practical experiences, the students found it challenging to conduct conversations in cases of serious illness and to deal with their own uncertainty in the care of seriously ill patients. Structural factors regarding palliative care in the PY, as well as intrinsic motives of students, such as prior knowledge or motivation to learn, should be analyzed to identify ways to close the gap between theoretical and practical training in general palliative care. To generate samples that are sufficiently representative, future studies on teaching should be easily accessible to students and consider attractive forms of evaluation including electronic methods and social media.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Female Aggression in Albino ICR Mice: Development, Social Experience, and the Effects of Selective Breeding

Social experience has been shown to mask or eliminate heritable effects on aggressive behavior in male mice. This work assesses the impact of social experience in females from lines of mice selectively bred for differential male aggressiveness. These results confirm the earlier report of cross-sex similarity in aggressive behavior after selection directed only at male behaviors ( Hood &amp; Cairns, 1 988 ). Repeated test experience increased aggressive behavior of S6 females. In addition, a genetic-developmental interaction was found, with enhanced aggressiveness in mature vs. young high-aggressive line females. Repeated test experience in 4 daily trials with mature S15 females obscured the clear line differences in attack frequency obtained on the first trial. In particular, a few highly aggressive individuals emerged among the group-reared low-aggressive line females. Isolation housing did not alter female aggressiveness. These findings are discussed in regard to conceptions of genetic-experiential-developmental interactions, and the role of female social behavior in microevolutionary processes.

Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Multiperfect Numbers in Certain Quadratic Rings

Using an extension of the abundancy index to imaginary quadratic rings that are unique factorization domains, we investigate what we call $n$-powerfully $t$-perfect numbers in these rings. This definition serves to extend the concept of multiperfect numbers that have been defined and studied in the integers. At the end of the paper, as well as at various points throughout the paper, we point to some potential areas for further research.

Topic: Advanced Mathematical Theories
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Core-Based Methodology: An Automated Approach for Implementing a Complete System from Algorithms to a Heterogeneous Network including FPGAs

In this paper, we present a methodology for implementing a complete Digital Signal Processing (DSP) system onto a heterogeneous network including Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) automatically. The methodology aims to allow design refinement and real time verification at the system level. The DSP application is constructed in the form of a Data Flow Graph (DFG) which provides an entry point to the methodology. The netlist for parts that are mapped onto the FPGA(s) together with the corresponding software and hardware Application Protocol Interface (API) are also generated. Using a set of case studies, we demonstrate that the design and development time can be significantly reduced using the methodology developed.

Topic: Embedded Systems Design Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Effect of Exercise on Quadriceps Strength in Residents of Old People's Homes

Journal Article The Effect of Exercise on Quadriceps Strength in Residents of Old People's Homes Get access M.E.T. Mcmurdo, M.E.T. Mcmurdo Ageing and Health, Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells HospitalDundee DD1 9SY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Rennie L. Rennie Ageing and Health, Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells HospitalDundee DD1 9SY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Age and Ageing, Volume 24, Issue suppl_1, 1995, Pages P7-a–P7, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.suppl_1.P7-a Published: 01 March 1995

Topic: Health and Well-being Studies
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Building A Sustainable Future: Analyzing the Green Bond Market's Current Landscape and Future Outlook

This paper collects information on the development scale and policy support of the green bond market in China. It concludes that with the strong support of national policies, this market is developing rapidly in China and actively shared its experience with other countries. In the future, the market in China will continue to lead all over the world. Since the establishment of green bonds, the market showed a rapid development trend and China became the country with the largest issuance scale in all over the world. With its relatively low issuance cost, green bonds provide convenience for raising funds to invest in national green infrastructure construction. Thanks to the strong support of government policies, China has gradually built a comprehensive green financial policy framework, which pointed out a clearer investment path for investors. With the support of government policies, China steadily established a comprehensive green financial policy system, and investors have a clearer investment direction. The advancement of science and technology driven the innovation of the market, and the rational use of big data and artificial intelligence to regulate the market and prevent future risks. In addition, China actively carried out green financial collaboration with other countries and established multiple cooperation platforms. This helps reduce the difficulty of raising cross-border green capital and guarantees global sustainable development.

Topic: Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Effect of Mammalian Growth Hormone and Prolactin on the Growth of Hypophysectomized Chickens

Body weight gain and shank-toe growth during a 26-day treatment period following hypophysectomy were 55 and 46%, respectively, of control values, but the body weight gain was unaffected and bone growth only slightly reduced when the hypophysectomized chickens were fed a low dose of corticosterone (5 ppm). Bovine growth hormone (0.5 mg GH/kg body wt/day for 18 days) enhanced body weight gain and shank-toe length increase (an estimate of bone growth) by 46 and 33%, respectively, compared to the growth of hypophysectomized chickens receiving only corticosterone. These same endpoints were increased approximately 24% after ovine growth hormone treatment in hypophysectomized chickens not receiving corticosterone. Body weight gain during 18 days of treatment with bovine prolactin (0.5 mg PRL/kg/day) was 27% greater than the value for corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, but bone growth was unaffected. The mammalian GH preparations increased heart weight of the hypophysectomized chickens (25-29%), but pectoralis muscle weight was unaffected. GH treatment enhanced thymal weights by 71% in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, and by 93% in hypophysectomized animals not receiving corticosterone. GH had no significant effect on bursal weights, and PRL had no effect on either of these lymphoid organ weights in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens. GH increased liver and adipose tissue weights considerably more than the large increases that followed treatment of hypophysectomized chickens with corticosterone alone (69 and 126% greater, respectively), but had no effect on these endpoints in hypophysectomized chickens not receiving corticosterone. PRL also greatly increased liver and adipose tissue weights in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens (79 and 75%, respectively). These results provide evidence that mammalian GH enhances body weight gain, bone growth, and the growth of several organs in the hypophysectomized chicken. Mammalian PRL increased body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, but did not influence bone growth or the weights of the heart, pectoralis, thymi, or bursa.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Anti‐SS‐A antibodies and fetal outcome in maternal systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract In 155 women with systemic lupus erythematosus, there were no significant differences in the rates of fertility or adverse fetal outcome between the 47 (30%) with serum anti‐SS‐A antibody and the 108 without anti‐SS‐A, except in the frequency of congenital heart block. This complication occurred in 6 of 96 pregnancies in women with anti‐SS‐A and was associated with high‐titer maternal antibody. The overall risk of a woman with lupus having an infant with congenital heart block was estimated to be 1:60, but the risk was considerably higher (1:20) if anti‐SS‐A antibody was present.

Topic: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Subfield: Rheumatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Low-Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermal Stability of New Antidepressant [5-Amino-4-(3-indoly)-3-methyl Pyrazole]

Low-temperature heat capacities of 5-amino-4-(3-indoly)-3-methyl pyrazole were measured by a temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range from T = 193 to 503 K An obvious endothermic process took place in the temperature range of 463-483 K The peak in the heat capacity curve was correspondent to the fusion The experimental molar heat capacities in the temperature range of 243-443 K were fitted to the polynomial The peak temperature. molar enthalpy and entropy of the phase change had been determined to be 476 K. 27.618 kJ [nor' and 58 389 J mol(-1) k(-1) by the repeated heat capacity measurements in the temperature region of 193-503 K The thermodynamic functions. (H-1-G(298.15) K) and (S-1-S-298.15 K). of the compound had been calculated by the numerical integral of the heat-capacity polynomial In addition, TG-DTG techniques were used for further study of thermal behaviour of the compound and showed that the compound began to decompose at 500 K

Topic: Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Exploring the distinct patterns of pupil dilation between space- and feature-based attention in a visual search task

Top-down visual attention prioritized selected visual information such that deploying an appropriate selection mechanism in accordance with pre-cued information facilitates target search. For example, if the likely color of an upcoming target is known, observers may deploy feature-based attention (FBA) to improve the speed and/or accuracy with which the target is identified; if the likely location is known, observers may instead deploy space-based attention (SBA). Our goal here was to determine whether pupil size during the pre-cueing period and throughout visual search could distinguish between these selection mechanisms. We hypothesized that FBA deployment should be associated with a larger change in pupil size, given that (1) FBA is deployed globally across the visual filed, in contrast to SBA, and (2) pupil size tends to increase with broad attentional deployment. To test this hypothesis, we reanalyzed the pupil data from a previously published study in which participants were either presented with a central color or location pre-cue. Following the short cueing period (300ms), all aspects of the visual display and task design were matched between groups. As predicted, a time course time-locked to cue onset reveals significant differences in pupil size between selection mechanisms, with participants assigned to the FBA task showing on average a greater change in pupil size throughout the trial, as well as a higher mean amplitude. Visual inspection of individual trial data suggested consistent differences between selection mechanisms. Permutation tests further suggested that the differences in pupil diameter emerged as early as the pre-cue onset, suggesting a potential distinct pattern of pupil dilation between SBA and FBA even before stimulus presentation – and continued throughout visual search. This finding opens the possibility that pupillometry may be used to differentiate between FBA and SBA deployment during visual search, even before stimulus presentation or a behavioral response.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences