jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Low-Cost Rail Warning System for Private and Farm Road Crossings

Between 1993 and 2002, there was an average of 54 collisions per year at the approximately 28,500 private and farm grade crossings in Canada. The potential for significant human and material loss, particularly in the event of a collision between a passenger train and an industrial vehicle, has created a need for active warning systems at these low-volume crossings; however, the high cost of traditional active warning systems often prohibits their installation. This report summarizes the identification, testing, and evaluation of a low-cost, active warning system for private and farm grade crossings. Following a review of suppliers across Canada, the U.S., and Europe, Ontrack Innovative Solutions Inc. was selected to provide a prototype solar-powered system with the potential of meeting the goals of this project. Testing was carried out with the assistance of NB Southern Railway. The system was installed in April 2005 and evaluated until March 2007 to allow testing during two complete winter seasons. Once properly adjusted, the system proved to be capable of consistently detecting the presence of a train and providing adequate warning times to motorists.

Topic: Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Object lessons and the desire of psychoanalysis

In this article, “Object Lessons and the Desire of Psychoanalysis,” I meditate on the significance of Robyn Wiegman‘s 2012 monograph Object Lessons by examining the psychoanalytic significance of the concept of “transferential idealism” that Wiegman first introduced there. In doing so, I read Wiegman‘s Object Lessons through the lens of the book‘s psychoanalytic ethics and argue that the desire of Object Lessons is the desire of psychoanalysis: an enigmatic desire, borne from lack, which aims toward the proliferation of difference. By foregrounding the psychoanalytic desire of Object Lessons, I also consider my own inheritances of the desire of Object Lessons as the desire of psychoanalysis, and argue for its urgent importance for the field of Trans Studies today.

Topic: Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Simple HPLC-Fluorescence Determination of Raspberry Ketone in Fragrance Mist after Pre-Column Derivatization with 4-Hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole

Raspberry ketone {RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one} is a natural compound contained in raspberry, and is added to cosmetics for skin whitening. It is very important to measure the RK level in cosmetics for quality assessment, since RK structurally resembles 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, which causes leukoderma on consumers’ skin. Here, we present a simple HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of RK in a fragrance mist by pre-column derivatization with 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole hydrazine (NBD-H), which reacts with the carbonyl group of RK. The NBD-RK derivative was eluted from a reversed-phase ODS column, and detected with excitation at 470 nm and emission at 550 nm. The retention time of NBD-RK derivative obtained by reaction with NBD-H at 80°C for 20 min was 10.3 min. The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.2 to 10 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9980. The lower limit of detection was 0.018 μg/mL (absolute amount of 1.8 pmol). The coefficients of variation were less than 8.1%. The content of RK in fragrance mist (1.00 mL) was 1.18 ± 0.07 mg (range: 1.12 to 1.28 mg, n = 5). Recovery tests were satisfactory (83.9% ± 3.9%; range: 79.6 to 88.8%, n = 5).

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Intellectual Capital Efficiency Analysis of Indian Private Sector Banks

Banks happen to be one of the largest Intellectual Capital (IC)-intensive sectors. Measurement and management of intellectual capital, therefore, become essential, as it reflects the true value of the firm. The main aim of this paper is to estimate and analyze the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) for measuring the value-based performance of the Indian private sector banks for a period of five years from 2002-2007. The source of the data is the annual report, especially the profit/loss account and balance sheet, of the concerned banks for the relevant years. The data was collected through the RBI online database on Indian economy. The methodology was finalized based on an extensive review of international literature on intellectual capital with specific reference to literature that reviews measurement techniques and tools of intellectual capital. This study applies the VAIC method (propounded by Pulic Ante in 2000) in order to analyze the data of Indian private sector banks for the five-year period. It analyzes the intellectual or Human Capital (HC) and Physical Capital (CA) of the Indian banking sector and discusses their impact on the banks’ value-based performance. The significance of this study is that it approaches the performance measurement and efficiency of banks in India with a new perspective and dimension. The performance of the banks is closely linked to their valuation and also their future strategies related to mergers and acquisitions.

Topic: Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Qualitative Measure of the Degree of Internationalization: The Case of Huawei

The study of the “degree of internationalization” (DOI) is an important topic in the academic literature of international business. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to measure the DOI of the Chinese company, Huawei, from the perspective of the “depth” and “breadth” of the DOI. To achieve this objective, a qualitative content analysis technique was utilized to analyze Huawei Company’s annual reports over 14-year, from 2006 to 2019, to extract the frequency of words associated with the DOI to carry out the measurement. Huawei’s annual reports for this period were collected from the company’s institutional page. The primary results obtained indicate an increase in the DOI for Huawei in the two dimensions studied of depth and breadth. Also, these results indicate a trend similar to the number of employees and Huawei earnings in the period from 2006 to 2019.

Topic: International Business and FDI
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Yamal from nowadays to the future: frontiers of modernization

The paper presents the author's assessment of the socio-economic status of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The risks of social and economic development are identified and ranked: these are risks associated with climate, ecology, life conditions, risks associated with the formation and development of human capital, as well as risks in the oil industry. The competitive advantages of the strategic district development in the formation and development of human potential are highlighted, as well as the development of oil and gas industry. The periodization of Yamal formation as the country's gas capital is held: a schematic model of the life periods of Yamal, which includes five epochs, is presented in the paper. The research description includes a basic list of major investment and priority projects of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region for the period up to 2030. An author's projection on the directions of industrial development in the region is made.

Topic: Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Temporal Estimates of Effective Population Size in Species With Overlapping Generations

Abstract The standard temporal method for estimating effective population size (Ne) assumes that generations are discrete, but it is routinely applied to species with overlapping generations. We evaluated bias in the estimates $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\hat{N}}_{\mathrm{e}}\) \end{document}$ caused by violation of this assumption, using simulated data for three model species: humans (type I survival), sparrow (type II), and barnacle (type III). We verify a previous proposal by Felsenstein that weighting individuals by reproductive value is the correct way to calculate parametric population allele frequencies, in which case the rate of change in age-structured populations conforms to that predicted by discrete-generation models. When the standard temporal method is applied to age-structured species, typical sampling regimes (sampling only newborns or adults; randomly sampling the entire population) do not yield properly weighted allele frequencies and result in biased $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\hat{N}}_{\mathrm{e}}\) \end{document}$. The direction and magnitude of the bias are shown to depend on the sampling method and the species' life history. Results for populations that grow (or decline) at a constant rate paralleled those for populations of constant size. If sufficient demographic data are available and certain sampling restrictions are met, the Jorde–Ryman modification of the temporal method can be applied to any species with overlapping generations. Alternatively, spacing the temporal samples many generations apart maximizes the drift signal compared to sampling biases associated with age structure.

Topic: Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Subfield: Nature and Landscape Conservation
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Improvement on EVESPA for Beamforming and Direction of Arrival Estimation

This paper presents an alternative estimation procedure of the generalized steering matrix of the sources in EVESPA, suitable for both beamforming and direction of arrival estimation. It is shown how the estimation of such a matrix can be restricted to that of its corresponding coefficient matrix in the signal subspace, providing both performance enhancement and computational complexity reduction. Performance comparison through numerical simulations is presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.

Topic: Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques
Subfield: Signal Processing
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Online Introduction to Information Literacy: Ticking that box or Embedding that attribute??

The University of Wollongong introduced an online compulsory undergraduate Information Literacy Introductory Program (ILIP) in 1999. Extensions and adjustments make ILIP 2003 a requirement for postgraduate coursework students as well as undergraduate students. ILIP is also highly recommended to incoming research students. Such policy initiatives for a compulsory online learning tool raise interesting questions about the interaction of University policy and learning and teaching policy, about the implementation of such policy and about the effectiveness of the tool both alone and as part of a process. This paper suggests that the compulsory ruling has effected the tool’s development and implementation. The paper contends the tool should be considered both as an online learning device and in its use in developing alliances between library and learning support staff and faculty in the development of desirable student learning outcomes. Such alliances are part of the University meeting its Graduate Attribute outcomes and thus part of the current debate regarding generic skill development and employability skills. Where the Program is most effectively used is where it becomes the stepping stone to interaction and integration of information literacy - a key component of success for students in their studies and beyond. Here it can have impact!

Topic: Library Science and Information Literacy
Subfield: Library and Information Sciences
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Small molecule CXCR3 antagonist NIBR2130 has only a limited impact on type 1 diabetes in a virus-induced mouse model

Summary CXCL10 is one of the key chemokines involved in trafficking of autoaggressive T cells to the islets of Langerhans during the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Blockade of CXCL10 or genetic deletion of its receptor CXCR3 results in a reduction of T1D in animal models. As an alternative to the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to CXCL10 or CXCR3 we evaluated the small molecule CXCR3 antagonist NIBR2130 in a virus-induced mouse model for T1D. We found that the overall frequency of T1D was not reduced in mice administered with NIBR2130. An initial slight delay of diabetes onset was not stable over time, because the mice turned diabetic upon removal of the antagonist. Accordingly, no significant differences were found in the islet infiltration rate and the frequency and activity of islet antigen-specific T cells between protected mice administered with NIBR2130 and control mice. Our data indicate that in contrast to direct inhibition of CXCL10, blockade of CXCR3 with the small molecule antagonist NIBR2130 has no impact on trafficking and/or activation of autoaggressive T cells and is not sufficient to prevent T1D.

Topic: Diabetes and associated disorders
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Quality Characteristics and Glass Transition Temperature of Hydrocolloid Pre-Treated Frozen Pre-Cut Carrot

The effect of hydrocolloid pre-treatment, i.e., pectin, carboxy methyl cellulose, xanthan gum and sodium alginate on textural properties, drip losses and sensory quality as well as on glass transition temperature (Tg′′′) of the frozen-thawed pre-cut carrots was studied. Untreated frozen samples showed detrimental effects in texture and also excessive drip losses while the carrot tissue integrity was well retained in the hydrocolloid pre-treated samples. As the concentration of the hydrocolloid increased, hardness and fracturability were also found to increase. However, adhesiveness was observed to follow a reverse trend. Xanthan gum (0.4%) resulted in higher texture retention than other hydrocolloids used as well as than the control samples. Hydrocolloids imparted lightness and higher red and yellowness to the carrot samples due to reduced solute mobility and moisture conditioning effects. Overall acceptability of the hydrocolloid pre-treated samples was found to be more than the experimental control samples. All the hydrocolloids were found to be effective in increasing the Tg′′′ to an extent, −2.73 to −0.28°C compared with Tg′′′ (−5.4°C) of untreated carrot samples. Tg′′′ increased to almost 74% in CMC (0.4%) pre-treated samples. The maximum enhancement was found in carboxy methyl cellulose followed by pectin, sodium alginate, and xanthan gum. The threshold concentrations in terms of sensory attributes were determined for optimal conditioning of the product prior to freezing.

Topic: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Britain and EMU

Abstract Explores the impact of EMU on British politics by examining, first, the structures and policies of the British state; second, the political parties and public opinion; third, the evolution of British policy towards European economic integration from the ERM (exchange rate mechanism) to the euro; fourth, discourses and identities in public debate; and finally, the strategic options now facing the UK.

Topic: European Union Policy and Governance
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
The electric dipole moment of (NH3)2 for <i>G</i>: ‖<i>K</i>‖=1

From the results of Stark measurements on the (NH3)2 van der Waals complex formed in a molecular jet expansion, it was possible to determine the electric dipole moment for the G: ‖K‖=1 state. The partially quenched inversion in the complex gives rise to quadratic Stark effect. We find an electric dipole moment of ‖μ‖=(0.10±0.01) D in the ground state and an upper limit of 0.09 D for the dipole moment in the excited state. These small values give evidence that for the G: ‖K‖=1–1 states, the ‘‘antiparallel’’ (cyclic) structure is more likely than the hydrogen bonded one.

Topic: Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Mixtures of Experts Models

Mixtures of experts models provide a framework in which covariates may be included in mixture models. This is achieved by modelling the parameters of the mixture model as functions of the concomitant covariates. Given their mixture model foundation, mixtures of experts models possess a diverse range of analytic uses, from clustering observations to capturing parameter heterogeneity in cross-sectional data. This chapter focuses on delineating the mixture of experts modelling framework and demonstrates the utility and flexibility of mixtures of experts models as an analytic tool.

Topic: Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Table of Contents

Abstract Family and Peer Contexts Shape Teen Perceptions of Dating Violence Statistical Literacy an Essential Competency for Both Producers and Consumers of Data Neurocognitive Effects of Childhood Brain Injury Melatonin for Sleep Problems in Autistic Children Bullying in Childhood and Later Psychotic Symptoms CBT vs. Active Control for Childhood Anxiety ADHD Medication Use and Academic Achievement Adolescent Depression Treatment: Findings From the NSDUH PCPs on the Front Lines of Mental Health Care

Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
An Implementation of On-line Well Virtual Metering of Oil Production

Abstract Asset managers constantly seek to determine how wells are performing to assess performance of long-term strategy and to achieve expected results. For this purpose, periodic production tests are performed to measure individual flow contribution to total measured platform production in addition to other measurements, including BSW, gas-oil ratio, pressure, and temperature. Daily well production is estimated by back-allocating production measured at fiscal meters to individual wells based on the well’s production potential validated during tests. This paper presents an alternative system for measuring individual well-oil production based on a neural network and online correlation logic using data from sensors, well tests, and simulations. This system permits a closer right-time monitoring of the wells by enabling readings to be taken more frequently and by minimizing the intrinsic estimation errors that normally arise when doing back-allocation of well production based on performance of other wells. This paper describes a methodology for data selection, sensor validation analysis, modeling, online implementation, and quality control of the results. The main benefit of this implementation has been to quickly identify production deviations above or below well potential and to identify and adjust the variables that affect these deviations. The combination of high volumes of measured data that automation technology enables and historical values of testing data made it possible to implement this smart solution where data is constantly transformed into information. This information allows the engineers to analyze and associate results and transform them into events of knowledge. This methodology can be applied to any asset where time and operational constraints do not permit the testing of wells on a daily basis or where it is too expensive to justify the installation of multiphase meters and where a high level of automation is available.

Topic: Oil and Gas Production Techniques
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Use of a Two-Compartment Model to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Human Ethanol Metabolism

The relationship between blood ethanol concentration and hepatic ethanol metabolism commonly is calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation and a one-compartment model that assumes equality of blood and hepatic ethanol concentrations. However, at low blood concentrations, most of the ethanol arriving at the liver is metabolized, and hepatic ethanol concentrations may fall far below that of the entering blood. We have developed a two-compartment model of ethanol metabolism that accounts for the fall in ethanol concentration that may occur as blood traverses the liver and used this model to make predictions concerning ethanol metabolism at various blood ethanol concentrations. The two-compartment model predicts that near-complete saturation will occur more abruptly and at a lower blood concentration (˜3 mM) than is the case with the one-compartment model. Thus, the two-compartment model predicts a near-constant ethanol elimination rate for blood ethanol concentrations above 3 mM (as commonly observed in human subjects), whereas the one-compartment model predicts an increasing elimination rate over the range of concentrations observed in experimental studies. In agreement with observed data, the two-compartment model predicts that first-pass metabolism should be extremely sensitive to the rate of ethanol absorption. Application of this model to previously published data indicated that, when absorption was slowed via concomitant food ingestion, first-pass metabolism accounts for ˜50% and 10% of ethanol dosages of 0.15 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg, respectively. When ingested without food, there is negligible first-pass metabolism of even very small ethanol dosages (0.15 g/kg). These findings suggest that first-pass metabolism is an unimportant determinant of the blood ethanol response to ingestion of potentially inebriating doses of ethanol.

Topic: Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences