jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of meibomian gland function, morphology and related medical history in Asian adult blepharokeratoconjunctivitis patients

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the meibomian gland function, morphology and the related medical history of patients with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis ( BKC ) in comparison with healthy population and meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD )‐induced evaporative dry eye ( EDE ) patients. Methods Twenty‐two eyes of 22 Asian adult patients with BKC were enrolled as the BKC group. Healthy volunteers and MGD ‐induced EDE patients were recruited in a 1:1 ratio and were matched in age, and the gender compositions of the three groups were also comparable. Examinations included meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout and relevant ocular surface tests. Related medical history was recorded. Results The BKC group had higher incidences of chalazion ( OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.29–16.33) and eyelid surgery ( OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.33–18.21) than the control group (chalazion, p = 0.007; eyelid surgery, p &lt; 0.001) and EDE group (chalazion, p = 0.031; eyelid surgery, p = 0.005) had. All clinical indexes were worse in the BKC group than in the control group (all p &lt; 0.05). The EDE group had better meibum quality (p = 0.049) and less meibomian gland dropouts (all p &lt; 0.05) than the BKC group. The dropouts of the BKC group were the highest among the three groups, and the distribution over the tarsal plate was even in the BKC group (all p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions Patients with BKC had worse meibomian gland function, poorer morphology and a higher rate of medical histories related to the meibomian gland than the healthy population. The BKC clinical features of meibum quality and meibomian gland dropout were different from other MGD diseases.

Topic: Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Safety by design: dialogues between designers and builders using virtual reality

Designers can contribute to enhancing the safety of construction work by considering how their decisions impact on both the physical environment in which construction workers operate and the means and methods they use. To do so, however, designers require knowledge about safety hazards on site and the opportunity to examine their designs early in projects. Through a set of studies virtual reality tools were used to examine the potential for collaborative dialogue between designers and builders to provide a forum for learning and proactive change of a design to make a project safer to build. In the tests, participants viewed proposed designs using virtual reality to examine various alternative design and construction scenarios. The study shows that consultation and dialogue with an experienced construction professional are highly beneficial for designers to appreciate the implications of designs on safety, and that designers are more willing to adapt design details than to change aesthetic aspects of their designs.

Topic: Occupational Health and Safety Research
Subfield: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Antitrust in a global economy

Change and Continuity in Antitrust Enforcement Perspectives on US International Antitrust Enforcement A Brief Overview of the Federal Trade Commission's and Law Enforcement Authority EC and US Extraterritoriality: Activism and Co-operation Implementing Competition Policy on Recently Liberalised Economies: the Case of Venezuela EC Antitrust and Energy EEC Competition Law in the Energy Sector Dealing with Abuse of Market Power Competition and Efficiency Private Rights and the Public Interest under Canada's Competition Act: Procedural Safeguards and the Independence of the Director of Investigation and Research Case Selection and Enforcement Priorities Investigatory Powers, Fact Finding, Procedural Guarantees, Transparency and Independence Investigatory Powers, Fact Finding, Procedural Guarantees, Transparency and Independence of Antitrust Authorities in Spain Investigatory Powers of Antitrust Authorities and Procedural Guarantees under German Law Investigatory Powers, Fact Finding, Procedural Guarantees, Transparency and Independence of Antitrust Authorities Controlling the Shifting Sands: Minority Shareholders under EEC Competition Law Merger Policy and Market Definition under the EG Merger Regulation Commitments in EC Merger Control EEC Merger Regulation.

Topic: Merger and Competition Analysis
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
[Black Muslims in America] (audio)

This recording features Malcom X, C. Eric Lincoln, James Baldwin and George Schuyler participating in a panel discussion on the Black Muslims and African Americans. The panel host is Eric F. Goldman. The discussion makes reference to C. Eric Lincoln’s book “Black Muslims.” The discussion also touches on topics such as integration and the shifting mood of Negroes in America.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
P1‐260: Comparisons between global and focal brain atrophy measurements using multisite magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer's disease trials

To evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of whole brain atrophy (WBA), hippocampus volume (HV) and entorhinal cortex volume (ERCV) using multiple-site MRI and compare estimated sample sizes to detect treatment effects in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Twelve healthy-subjects (mean±SD age 44±16 years) underwent test-retest scans (10-site/3-platform). Whole brain volume (WBV) was segmented automatically with minimal operator-input and WBA was calculated by fully-automated method, HV using semi-automated atlas-based warping method, and ERCV using manual-tracing [1]-[3]. Coefficients of variation (COVs) were calculated as a metric of measurement reproducibility. Ten AD subjects (73±9 years) were scanned using the same sequences (8-site/3-platform) and processed using the same methods (four-operators). The most experienced operator's output was considered as the gold-standard and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for accuracy. Estimated sample-size was calculated to detect 20% treatment effects with consideration of normal-aging and measurement reproducibility (90%-power/5%-level, rate (%) in placebo group as 2.4±1.1 (WBA), 4.5±2.9 (HV) and 7.1±3.2 (ERCV) [4]-[6]). COVs (%) from single-/multiple-operator for WBA, HV and ERCV were 0.3/0.3, 0.1/1.9 and 1.7/10.6, respectively. ICC between gold standard and each operator was 0.96 for both WBA and HV, and 0.89 – 0.94 for ERCV. The estimated sample-size using WBA and HV was 225/225, 270/2157 in each treatment arm for single-/multiple-operator set up, respectively, and 2000 for ERCV. It was shown that highly reproducible and accurate methods were implemented using multiple-site/platform MRI which can be applied to detect subtle changes in large scale clinical trials. Single-operator analysis per subject is recommended for HV to minimize required sample-size due to higher inter-operator variability and subject anatomical heterogeneity. Despite previously reported high sensitivity for early changes using ERCV, larger number of samples is required due to high operator variability based on manual-tracing methods.

Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
The cellular basis for resistance to induction of tolerance in BXSB SLE male mice.

Abstract The autoimmune BXSB male mouse early in life displays a resistance to tolerance induction that is common with the other autoimmune strains (MRL/1, NZB x W, and NZB) whereas its female counterpart, which in early life is immunologically normal, is easily tolerized. The cellular basis for the BXSB male's resistance to tolerance induction with DHGG was investigated by using adoptive male-female cell transfer systems. We found that irradiated female recipients of male T-depleted bone marrow cells, plus either male or female thymus cells, resisted tolerance induction, had hyperactive splenic Ig-secreting cells, and developed early glomerulonephritis. Recipients of male thymic cells plus T-depleted female bone marrow cells could be tolerized, did not have enhanced Ig secretion, and did not develop glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, donor male T-depleted bone marrow cells--but not male thymic, female thymic, or female bone marrow cells--resisted induction of tolerance before their transfer to produce lymphoid chimeras.

Topic: Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis Of The Role Of Accounting Information Systems Ineffectiveness Value And Efficiency Of Preparation Financial Reports At Spbu Office 74.916.66 Tanrutedong

This study aims to determine the role of accounting information systems in decision making and to determine the value of the effectiveness and efficiency of financial reports at the Tanrutedong gas station 74.916.66 as measured by the level of effectiveness and efficiency ratio. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. . The type of this research is qualitative. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive research. The results of the research that has been carried out are the role of accounting information systems in decision making at the Tanrutedong gas station 74.916.66 Accounting information systems play an important role in producing financial report information for the benefit of external parties. The information system also collects information on financial issues for the preparation of financial reports effectively and efficiency. SPBU 74.916.66 Tanrutedong in preparing the financial reports the system module used is the SUMEH application which is an online gas station financial digitization program. The financial reports used with the accounting information system show effective and highly efficient results for the last three years, namely 2020 to 2022 at the Tanrutedong gas station office 74.916.66.

Topic: Decision Support System Applications
Subfield: Management Information Systems
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Facial identity protection using deep learning technologies: an application in affective computing

Abstract Automatic prediction of human attributions of valence and arousal using facial recognition technologies can improve human–computer and human–robot interaction. However, data protection has become an issue of great concern in affect recognition using facial images, as the facial identities of people (i.e. recognising who a person is) could be exposed in the process. For instance, malicious individuals could exploit facial images of users to assume their identities and infiltrate biometric authentication systems. Possible solutions to protect the facial identity of users are to: (1) extract anonymised facial features in users’ local machines, namely action units (AU) of facial images, discard their facial images and send the AUs to the developer for processing, and (2) employ a federated learning approach i.e. process users’ facial images in their local machines and only send their locally trained models back to the developer’s machine for augmenting the final model. In this paper, we implement and compare the performance of these privacy-preserving strategies for affect recognition. Results on the popular RECOLA affective datasets show promising affect recognition performance in adopting a federated learning approach to protect users’ identities, with Concordance Correlation Coefficient of 0.426 for valence and 0.390 for arousal.

Topic: Emotion and Mood Recognition
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Development of a Wet Yellow Maize Mash Sieving Machine

The extraction and storage of starches from the organs of plants is an essential primary post harvest operation. It is one of the various methods for preventing post harvest losses, seasonal gluts and shortages. Although, a lot of work has been done locally to mechanize the milling and sieving of dry products, it is observed that no extensive work has been done locally to mechanize the sieving of wet agricultural food products. The aim of this study was to design, fabricate and test a mechanically operated wet sieving machine for small scale processing of some wet agricultural crops.

Topic: Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
V.A. Drits &amp; C. Tchoubar X-ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures. Theory and Applications to Microdivided Silicates and Carbons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990. xvii + 371 pp. Price DM 268. ISBN: 3.540.51222.5

V.A. Drits &amp; C. Tchoubar X-ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures. Theory and Applications to Microdivided Silicates and Carbons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990. xvii + 371 pp. Price DM 268. ISBN: 3.540.51222.5 - Volume 27 Issue 2

Topic: Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Process Development Challenges to Accommodate A Late-Appearing Stable Polymorph:  A Case Study on the Polymorphism and Crystallization of a Fast-Track Drug Development Compound

The case of disappearing/late-appearing stable polymorphs and their impact is well-understood by scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper discusses an instance where a more stable crystal form was discovered during the development of a fast-track drug candidate. Challenges in adapting to the discovery of the new crystal form during this accelerated drug development program and approaches to develop a robust crystallization process are discussed.

Topic: Crystallization and Solubility Studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
On the Accuracy of Spectral Element Method in Electromagnetic Scattering Problems

Spectral element method (SEM), which is known of its high accuracy, has been recently applied in solving electromagnetic problems governed by Maxwell’s equations. This paper investigates the accuracy of SEM in twodimensional, frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering problems where Helmholtz equation acts as the governing partial differential equation (PDE). As experience in meshing a problem in finite element method is important to obtain accurate results, the choice of elements in SEM, on the other hand, is important too. The aspect ratio in this paper is taken into account while studying the accuracy in a single element by utilizing the Green’s function. In addition, the scalar field scattered by a circular cylinder placed in front of an incident plane wave is solved after truncating the domain by perfectly matched layer. Numerical results show that one should carefully discretize the problem and keeping the aspect ratio close to unity as much as possible to guarantee accurate results.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Effects of funding and its return on product quality in new ventures

Most entrepreneurs must rely on external financing when their new venture is based on the development of a new product. External financing, however, is usually uncertain in magnitude and timing, thus creating tradeoff between the advantage of waiting-to generate more money-and improve the product versus releasing the product before competition increases. This tradeoff is investigated through a dynamic programming framework for which a simple, easy-to-implement optimal stopping rule is identified for a special class of revenue functions. The model is utilized to characterize how the amount of funding and its variability are expected to affect the quality of the product at time to market. The model also studies how the release-time strategy is affected by the expectation and the variability of the effect that each unit of funding has on the quality of the product under development. The author shows that an increment in funding does not always lead to a product of higher quality. He also shows that an improvement in the effect of investment on quality does not necessarily lead to an enhanced product.

Topic: Firm Innovation and Growth
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Elise M. Dermineur (ed.), Women and Credit in Pre-Industrial Europe, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018

Elise M. Dermineur (ed.), Women and Credit in Pre-Industrial Europe, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018, XII–364 p., 14 b/w fig., 32 tabl. (Early European Research, 12), ISBN 978-2-503-57052-5, EUR 100,00.

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Preeclampsia, trisomy 13, and the placental bed.

Genetic predisposition and abnormal trophoblastic function are thought to contribute to the development of preeclampsia. A multipara developed severe preeclampsia and subsequently delivered a live growth-retarded infant with trisomy 13. Biopsy of the placental bed taken immediately after delivery demonstrated inadequate trophoblastic remodeling of the maternal uterine vasculature, with an absence of normal physiologic changes in the spiral arteries. This case suggests that fetal trisomy 13 can be associated with preeclampsia in multiparous women and that abnormal trophoblastic invasion may contribute to the pathophysiology.

Topic: Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Subfield: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Semiparametric Latent ANOVA Model for Event-Related Potentials

Event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) data in response to stimuli are widely used in psychological and neuroscience experiments. A major goal is to link ERP characteristic components to subject-level covariates. Existing methods typically follow two-step approaches, first identifying ERP components using peak detection methods and then relating them to the covariates. This approach, however, can lead to loss of efficiency due to inaccurate estimates in the initial step, especially considering the low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG data. To address this challenge, we propose a semiparametric latent ANOVA model (SLAM) that unifies inference on ERP components and their association with covariates. SLAM models ERP waveforms via a structured Gaussian process (GPs) prior that encode ERP latency in its derivative and links the subject-level latencies to covariates using a latent ANOVA. This unified Bayesian framework provides estimation at both population- and subject-levels, improving the efficiency of the inference by leveraging information across subjects. We automate posterior inference and hyperparameter tuning using a Monte Carlo expectation–maximization (MCEM) algorithm. We demonstrate the advantages of SLAM over competing methods via simulations. Our method allows us to examine how factors or covariates affect the magnitude and/or latency of ERP components, which in turn reflect cognitive, psychological, or neural processes. We exemplify this via an application to data from an ERP experiment on speech recognition, where we assess the effect of age on two components of interest. Our results verify the scientific findings that older people take a longer reaction time to respond to external stimuli because of the delay in perception and brain processes.

Topic: Forecasting Techniques and Applications
Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Figure S7 from JMJD6 Rewires ATF4-Dependent Glutathione Metabolism to Confer Ferroptosis Resistance in SPOP-Mutated Prostate Cancer

&lt;p&gt;Assessment of pharmacological or toxicological effect of SKLB325 in treating PCa.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Phase Ib study of drozitumab combined with cetuximab (CET) plus irinotecan (IRI) or with FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab (BV) in previously treated patients (Pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

3581 Background: Drozitumab is a monoclonal antibody that triggers tumor cell apoptosis by selective agonistic interaction with the Apo2 ligand/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptor 5. This study assessed the safety of drozitumab combined with 2 standard IRI-containing regimens in previously treated mCRC pts. Methods: Multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study with treatment until disease progression or treatment intolerance. For CET+IRI regimen (Cohorts 1-4), a 21-day cycle (cy) = drozitumab on Day 1 at escalating doses of 1, 4, 10, or 15mg/kg, IRI on Day 1, and CET on Days 1, 8, and 15. For FOLFIRI (Cohort 5), a 14-day cy = drozitumab on Day 1 given as a 10 mg/kg loading dose followed by 7 mg/kg in continuing cys, with FOLFIRI (plus BV in pts not previously treated with BV) on Day 1. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed through 2 doses of drozitumab (29 days for CET+IRI; 28 days for FOLFIRI). Adverse events (AE) were recorded through all cys. Response was assessed by RECIST. Results: 14 pts received a median of 6.5 cys (range 2-21) of drozitumab with CET+IRI and 6 pts received a median of 12 cys (range 3-25) of drozitumab with FOLFIRI. No DLTs occurred at the time of dose escalation. The most frequent AEs were diarrhea (85%), fatigue (80%), nausea (80%), alopecia (70%), neutropenia (70%), and decreased appetite (50%). The most frequent drozitumab-related AEs were fatigue (25%), nausea (20%), neutropenia (20%) and decreased appetite (20%). Serious drozitumab-related AEs included Grade 3 febrile neutropenia and Grade 2 anemia. Three pts discontinued due to AEs: Grade 2 fatigue in 1 pt, Grade 2 peripheral edema in 1 pt and Grade 2 diarrhea, nausea and vomiting in 1 pt. Among the 20 total pts, best responses included 3 Partial Responses (2 confirmed, 1 unconfirmed), 13 Stable Disease and 4 Progressive Disease. The study enrollment was stopped early by the sponsor for reasons unrelated to safety or efficacy. Conclusions: The addition of drozitumab to 2 standard second-line IRI-containing regimens (CET+IRI or FOLFIRI ± BV) was well tolerated in mCRC pts. AEs were similar to those previously reported for the chemotherapy alone.

Topic: Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Onychogalea fraenata: Burbidge, A.A., Johnson, C.N. &amp; Zichy-Woinarski, J.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant and fungal interactions
Subfield: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences