jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Serum Lipocalin 2 Levels in Acute Exercised Prediabetic Rat Model in Comparison to Normal Healthy Control

Background: Excess caloric intake expands adipose tissue resulting in a higher risk of metabolic disease. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an adipokine having a role in innate immunity and energy metabolism. It is an acute phase protein that was recently correlated with potential effects on obesity and inflammation. The reaction of this protein to progressive exercise in animals has limited studies. Exercise encourages weight loss and improves insulin sympathy. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Obesity associates with increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn, subsidizes to systemic insulin resistance. LCN2 has been shown to have a significant association with body mass index (BMI). However, only few of the LCN2-related studies have investigated whether LCN2 constitutes a causal factor of the metabolic conditions in animals. One of the best strategies to prevent obesity and its associated inflammation is participation in regular physical activity. Objective: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exercise mitigates this inflammatory response, thereby improving insulin sensitivity, we tested whether there is an insulin-sensitizing effect of exercise is associated with related changes in circulating LCN2 levels in rats. Design: A total number of 24 adult healthy male albino rats were used. Rats were divided into three groups: group I (control, C), group II (model of pre-diabetic obese rats without exercise, PD) and group III (model of pre-diabetic obese rats with acute voluntary exercise, PDE). Results: This study revealed that after a 2 days acute exercise program, insulin sensitivity was improved, as indicated by a significant decrease in serum insulin (1.98±0.04), serum glucose (121.75±2.85) and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (0.59±0.02) in PDE in comparison to corresponding values in PD group (3.94±0.08), (159±1.49) and (1.44±0.11) respectively. Also, Serum LCN2 concentrations were significantly decreased (62.88±1.79) in PDE group in comparison to PD group (94.75±3.36). Conclusion: We concluded that exercise has an insulin sensitizing effect in the pre-diabetic stage and its mechanism could involve a reduction in LCN2 levels in exercise-trained group.

Topic: Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Novel Continuous Time MILP Formulation for Multipurpose Batch Plants. 2. Integrated Planning and Scheduling

While the first part of this series focuses on the application of the proposed formulation to scheduling, this paper focuses mainly on the integration of planning and scheduling in multipurpose batch plants. In dealing with this problem, the method presented in this paper exploits the mathematical structure of the overall plant model. It is discovered that the overall model exhibits a block angular structure that is decomposed by raw material allocation. If raw materials can be allocated optimally to individual plants, solving individual models for each plant can produce the same results as solving an overall model for the site. This discovery leads to a decomposition strategy that consists of two levels. In the first level, only planning decisions are made, and the objective function is the maximization of the overall profit. The results from solving the planning model give optimal raw material allocation to different plants. In the second level, the raw material targets from the first (planning) level are incorporated into the scheduling submodels for each plant, which are solved independently without compromising global optimality. The objective function for each scheduling submodel is the maximization of product throughput. The scheduling level uses the concept of the state sequence network presented in part 1. Solving scheduling submodels for individual plants rather than the overall site model leads to problems with much a smaller number of binary variables and, hence, shorter CPU times. If conflicts arise, i.e., the planning targets are too optimistic to be realized at the scheduling level, the planning model is revisited with more realistic targets. This eventually becomes an iterative procedure that terminates once the planning and scheduling solutions converge within a specified tolerance. In this way, the planning model acts as coordination for scheduling models for individual plants. An industrial case study with three chemical processes is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Topic: Process Optimization and Integration
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Equivalences of Inconsistency and Henkin Models

This article is part of a series of Mizar articles which constitute a formal proof (of a basic version) of Kurt Godel’s famous completeness theorem (K. Godel, “Die Vollstandigkeit der Axiome des logischen Funktionenkalkuls”, Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik 37 (1930), 349–360). The completeness theorem provides the theoretical basis for a uniform formalization of mathematics as in the Mizar project. We formalize first-order logic up to the completeness theorem as in H. D. Ebbinghaus, J. Flum, and W. Thomas, Mathematical Logic, 1984, Springer Verlag, New York Inc. The present article establishes some equivalences of inconsistency. It is proved that a countable union of consistent sets is consistent. Then the concept of a Henkin model is introduced. The contents of this article correspond to Chapter IV, par. 7 and Chapter V, par. 1 of Ebbinghaus, Flum, Thomas.

Topic: Advanced Algebra and Logic
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Enhancement of the upper critical field of Nb3Sn utilizing disorder introduced by ball milling the elements

Nb3Sn was prepared by milling Nb and Sn powder mixtures followed by limited reactions to restrict disorder recovery. Although disorder reduced the superconducting critical temperature Tc, the concomitant electron scattering increased the upper critical field mu0Hc2 to as high as 35 T at 0 K, as determined by the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg equation. Hc2 was higher for longer milling times and lower annealing temperatures. Substitution of 2% Ti for Nb did not appreciably enhance Hc2, suggesting that alloying mitigates the benefits of disorder. Since alloyed Nb3Sn wires have mu0Hc2(0) approximately 29 T, wires based on heavily milled powders could extend the field range for applications if they can be made with high current density.

Topic: Superconducting Materials and Applications
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation on Serum Immunoglobulin Complements and sIL-2R in Female Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Objective To investige the functions of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in female patients with acne vulgaris.Methods The serum immunoglobulin IgG,IgM,IgA and complements of C 3 and C 4 were measured with Rate-nephelometry in 58 female cases with acne vulgaris.A sandwich ELISA technique was applied to detect serum levels of sIL-2R in 58 female patients with acne vulgaris compared with that of 30 healthy control subjects at the same time.Results The results revealed that the serum Immunoglobulin IgG,IgM,IgA and complements of C 3 and C 4 in 58 female cases with acne vulgaris showed no significantl differences between patients and control subjects(P0.05).But there were different results in different groups,the changes of IgG had significant differences(P0.001),the others haden't great changes(P0.05).Compared with that of control subjects,IgG were significantly lower in acne Ⅰ (light degree group,P0.01) and were significantly higher in acne Ⅲ(severity degree group,P0.001),no differences in acne Ⅱ(middle degree group,P0.05).The more severity of acne,the higher IgG.IgG in acne Ⅱ were significantly higher than that in acne Ⅰ(P0.05).IgG in acne Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in acne Ⅱ(P0.001).The levels of sIL-2R in patients(1878.24±677.46pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the control subjects(1215.90±354.06pg/ml)(P0.001).Conclusion The immunity reaction takes part in the pathogenesis of acne.The immunologic response involves both humoral and cell-mediated pathways.

Topic: Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Durum Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions as Affected by Seed Size

Abstract This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of seed size on the growth and yield of durum wheat. Four field experiments, composed of six durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum ) varieties and three seeding sizes were conducted in north‐east Spain in 2000 and 2001 in randomized complete block designs. The growth of seedlings was dramatically affected by seed size. Large seeds produced greater plot stands, but the plants had fewer tillers, leaves and spikes and less green area and dry weight than plots from small seeds. Grain yield was 16 % greater in plots from large seeds, which resulted in greater biomass, green area index, spikes per m 2 and heavier kernels than in plots from small seeds. Kernel weight was the yield component most related to grain yield in the three seed sizes. The percentage of yield variation explained by kernel weight increased as the weight of kernels increased. This was a consequence of the use of larger seeds, the same effect being observed when the comparison was made between varieties with different kernel weights. Selection for heavy kernel varieties may help to improve the yield of durum wheat in Mediterranean environments similar to that prevailing in north‐east Spain.

Topic: Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Hetero Chains. Part 7. The Synthesis of 1‐Thioacyl‐ oligonitriles.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Topic: Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Severe complication of posterior nasal packing: Case Report

Introduction: Severe Epistaxis is common in patients with head trauma, especially when associated with multiple fractures of the face and skull base. Several methods of controlling bleeding that can be imposed. The anterior nasal tapenade associated with posterior Foley catheter is one of the most widespread, and the universal availability of necessary materials or their apparent ease of execution. Methods: Case report on control of severe epistaxis after severe TBI, with posterior nasal packing by Foley catheter and control tomography showing multiple fractures of the skull base and penetration of the probe into the brain parenchyma. Conclusion: This is a rare but possible complication in the treatment of severe nose bleeds associated with fracture of the skull base. This brief report highlights risks related to the method and suggests some care to prevent complications related through a brief literature review.

Topic: Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Deploying mobile multimedia services for everyday experience sharing

This paper presents a solution for creating light-weighted content and context-aware mobile multimedia services. The main application domain is in user created multimedia content and experience sharing. Our approach is to have a platform supporting state-of-the art content management functionalities in order to enable easy creation of specialized multimedia services for various target groups and purposes. We have developed a mobile multimedia content creation platform with integrated context metadata support. To verify the overall functionality of our platform we have defined a multimedia content service template and created a set of exemplary services using Web-based technologies such as JavaScript, media RSS feed and Java.

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Factors affecting the reliability of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) test in neurology.

Inconsistencies in individual student scores from one year to the next prompted attempts to produce a more accurate objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) test in neurology. A study of factors affecting the reliability of this test revealed that in spite of efforts to control patient and examiner variability, residual inaccuracies due to these effects remained. Also, the use of a uniform test structure may have led to student cueing. Student performance did not appear to be affected by the OSCE format per se. Innovations that might improve test reliability in subsequent OSCEs were identified.

Topic: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Subfield: Family Practice
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Design and Implementation of a Microprocessor Flight Damage Monitor.

In order to design a constrained layer damping treatment for aircraft components, the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio requires a knowledge of vibration and temperature variations which a component encounters during its life. This report discusses the design and implementation of a microprocessor based system to acquire vibration and temperature information, and computes the cumulative damage factor versus frequency and temperature in real time. The cumulative damage factor is computed for one of eight user selectable frequency ranges and for a temperature range of -50 to +225 degrees Fahrenheit and is stored in a non-volatile memory. The designed systems uses an LSI11 microcomputer systems consisting of an LSI-11 processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a real-time clock, PROM, a non-volatile memory, and a serial interface. The software developed for this system controls the data acquisition, the computation of a fast Fourier transform (FFT), the power spectrum of vibration data, and the subsequent computation of the cumulative damage factor. The data acquisition and FFT modules were coded in assembly language, and the other modulus were coded in FORTRAN. The output of the system consists of a table containing the cumulative damage as a function of frequency and temperature. A bench model system was constructed and tested, and a proposal for a flight-worthy system is made. (Author)

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Malthusianism and nationalism in republican China

This study deals with the debate over Malthusianism and .population control in China within the context of the growing sense of national awareness which characterized the May Fourth period. Beginning with Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, this controversy was closely linked to the issues of national strength and Social Darwinism by both the opponents and proponents of population control. The proponents of population control tended to be Western-educated intellectuals who believed in the tenets of classical Western liberalism. To them, population control was a means of achieving a better environment for individual development and economic laissez faire. In their opinion, population pressures had more to do with China's woes than exploitation by any nation or economic class. They attempted to justify their views on nationalist grounds by pointing out that the emancipation of the individual was the key to the strength of the Western powers. The opposition to population control viewed population growth as proof of a race's fitness for survival and felt that China faced the threat of eventual national extinction if the rate of population growth in Western countries and Japan continued to be much higher than that in China. Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Sun Yat-sen shared this appraisal of population growth in China. By studying the books and magazine articles that were written on this question during the period following the May Fourth Incident, it becomes evident that the opponents of population control enjoyed the advantage in harnessing the nationalist sentiments of the Chinese public against population control. This was not the result of any overpowering logic in their arguments. Events in China and around the world tended to confirm the original fears of - Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, and more Chinese grew convinced that China needed to match the population growth of other countries in order to survive in a world of nation-states that they envisioned to be governed by the forces of natural selection as outlined by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The advocates of population control grew more defensive in their appeals as their ideas were increasingly portrayed as defeatist and unprogressive. Also, many Chinese nationalists firmly believed in the contradictory nature of individualism and nationalism. To them, Malthusianism was one of the most harmful manifestations of excessive individualism. Although early Marxists such as Li Ta-chao did not oppose Malthusianism on nationalist grounds, later Marxists were able to tap some of the nationalist resentment toward imperialism by arguing that Malthusianism was a great lie promoted by the imperialist powers to avoid responsibility for the economic disruptions that they created in China.

Topic: Chinese history and philosophy
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
[Experimental study of the anatomical-physiological basis for pulmonary circulation shunting in extensive lung resections].

Bilateral extensive resections of lungs resulted in the development of stable pulmonary arterial hypertension, its degree correlating with the duration of the postoperative observation. Continuous hypertension in the pulmonary artery system is responsible for destructive changes in the intrapulmonary vessels and lung parenchyma promoting elevation of the vascular resistance in the small circuit and increased load to the right ventricle which further leads to decompensation of the cardio-pulmonary system. The author has shown that creation of extrapulmonary arterio-venous anastomosis in major lung resections can prevent the overloading of the right ventricle in the postoperative period, makes better conditions for compensatory changes in the remaining lung tissue without developing fibrosis.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Green-Leaf-Derived C6-Aroma Compounds with Potent Antibacterial Action That Act on Both Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

All eight C6-aliphatic alcohol and aldehyde compounds in naturally occurring green leaves showed bacteriostatic effects against Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli IFO 3301, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enteritidis, with bacteriostatic activities of less than 12.5 microg mL(-1). In this study, the susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria tested was observed to be greater than that of Gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of the aldehyde compounds was found to be much stronger than that of the alcohol compounds under both liquid and gaseous conditions. The most effective compound was (3E)-hexenal at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microg mL(-1), which killed 2.1 x 10(5) cfu mL(-1) of S. aureus IFO 12732 and 1.4 x 10(5) cfu mL(-1) of E. coli IFO 3301, respectively, by direct contact with the compound. Lethality of (3E)-hexenal against S. aureus IFO 12732 and E. coli IFO 3301 was also observed as a result of gaseous contact at concentrations of 3 and 30 microg mL(-1), respectively. The bactericidal effects of 30 microg mL(-1) (3E)-hexenal were thoroughly maintained throughout periods of 2 days and 1 day against S. aureus IFO 12732 and E. coli IFO 3301, respectively, by a complex formation with alpha-cyclodextrin.

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Long-term results of the treatment with intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs].

Patients with psychogenic and neurogenic impotence responded to low dose therapy, whereas those with veno-occlusive impotence required the highest doses of PGE1 or papaverine + PGE1. This pharmacological erection program achieved adequate rigidity in 96% and satisfactory coitus in 92%. There were minimal complications: prolonged erection (0.04%), intense pain (0.05%) and fibrosis (2.1%).

Topic: Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
FABP4 deficiency ameliorates alcoholic steatohepatitis

This is the transcriptional profiling of the liver tissue from WT and Fabp4 deficiency ASH mice. Based on the transcriptional profiling, we could get the differentially expressed genes, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) terms (BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; and MF, molecular function) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis.

Topic: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Additional file 8 of Transcriptomic underpinnings of high and low mirror aggression zebrafish behaviours

Additional file 8: Table 10. Comparison of genes from WGCNA gene module magenta with DEGs between HAZm and. LAZm identified by DEseq2.

Topic: Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Art in an age of reflection

In The Point of View for My Work as an Author Kierkegaard uses the concept of “the aesthetic” to establish one of the fundamental divisions of his authorship. Even more significantly, he seems to give to the question of whether the authorship is “aesthetic” or “religious” a pivotal place in defining the correct “point of view” from which to understand that authorship as a whole. We might therefore conclude that a concern with “the aesthetic” lies at the very heart of Kierkegaard's intellectual project.

Topic: Kierkegaardian Philosophy and Influence
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Studies on the Thermophilic Actinomycetes

A total of 1,000 isolates of thermophilic actinomycetes representing two genera, Streptomyces and Thermoactinomyces , were studied. Media for cultivation and for physiological studies were designed. Differences between the two genera are noted and taxonomic criteria for the genus Thermoactinomyces are suggested. The importance of the nutritional environment to the thermophilic habit is noted.

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Comparison Of Medieval European Guilds And Akhism In Anatolia In Terms Of Their Emergence And General Functions

This paper argues that despite their similarities in socio-economic and religious senses, Medieval European Guilds and Akhism emerged distinctively from different reasons and functioned in different ways. While Medieval European guild system was a part of an organisational structure appearing in the social and economic conditions of Western Europe and became in time legally defined and prescribed institution, the Akhi system appeared and functioned in very limited time as a voluntary institution specifically in Anatolia as a consequence of political turmoil and increasing decentralisation. So, when the authority of the central government increased, Akhi organisation disappeared and gave way to the guilds in the Ottoman Empire.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences