jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Atezolizumab for Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-arm Phase II Feasibility Trial (PERFECT)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (rEAC). In the PERFECT trial, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of nCRT combined with programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibition for rEAC.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with rEAC received nCRT according to the CROSS regimen combined with five cycles of atezolizumab (1,200 mg). The primary endpoint was the feasibility of administering five cycles of atezolizumab in ≥75% patients. A propensity score–matched nCRT cohort was used to compare pathologic response, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Exploratory biomarker analysis was performed on repeated tumor biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We enrolled 40 patients of whom 85% received all cycles of atezolizumab. Immune-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 6 patients. In total, 83% proceeded to surgery. Reasons for not undergoing surgery were progression (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4), patient choice (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2), and death (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1). The pathologic complete response rate was 25% (10/40). No statistically significant difference in response or survival was found between the PERFECT and the nCRT cohort. Baseline expression of an established IFNγ signature was higher in responders compared with nonresponders (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.043). On-treatment nonresponders showed either a high number of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) with a transcriptional signature consistent with expression of immune checkpoints, or a low number of CTLs.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Combining nCRT with atezolizumab is feasible in patients with rEAC. On the basis of our exploratory biomarker study, future studies are necessary to elucidate the potential of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patient subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Catenacci, p. 3269&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
PTSD Among Traumatized Refugees

Since 1977, the Intercultural Psychiatric Program (formally the Indochinese Psychiatric Program) of the Oregon Health and Science University has been treating refugees from Southeast Asia, that is, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (Kinzie, Tran, Breckenridge, & Bloom, 1980). Over the years, the program has grown to include refugees and immigrants from Russia, Bosnia, Central America, Somalia, Ethiopia, Iran, Afghanistan, and the Kurdish areas of Central Asia. Our clinical method has been consistent over this time. Each patient has one counselor from his or her own ethnic group and one psychiatrist. The counselor acts as an interpreter, case manager, and usually a socialization group leader. The psychiatrist provides the initial evaluation, diagnostic formulation, psychotherapy, and medication management (Kinzie, 1981). Typically, a counselor–psychiatrist team will follow from 50 to 100 patients. As of 2004, the program had 1100 active patients with Vietnamese comprising the largest group. Cambodians, Russians, and Bosnians also were strongly represented. Overall, the program staff have the ability to translate 17 different languages.

Topic: Migration, Health and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Optimism about College Life and Academic Performance in College

The hypothesis that optimism about college is associated with academic performance was tested. The Optimism About College Life Scale was administered to 67 male and 36 female entering college freshmen, and scores correlated (.22) with grade-point averages two years later. College optimism also was significantly associated ( r = .22) with high-school grades, suggesting that the more able students are more optimistic about college and obtain higher grades in college. When the effect of high-school grades was held constant, however, the association between optimism and college academic performance diminished to a non-significant r of .17. Research on self-concept variables and college performance might also profit from a similar analysis of the role of previous academic performance.

Topic: Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Subfield: Applied Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
OP027 IL-33/ST2 axis sustains gut mucosal wound healing and cancerogenesis in colitis-associated colorectal cancer

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; IL-33/ST2 axis is important in IBD.Emerging evidence suggests its role in epithelial proliferation and contribution to inflammation-driven tumorigenesis. Our aim was to characterize the its contribution in the DSS and AOM/DSS model of colitis. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; C57/BL6 wild-type (WT), IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice were given one dose of AOM followed by two cycles of 3% DSS for 7d. WT mice, injected with vehicle and given drinking water were used as controls (CT). At 8 wks post AOM injection mice were sacrificed. IHC, immunofluorescence (IF) and qPCR were done. FACS analysis was performed on resected, isolated polyps. 3% DSS was administered for 5d to WT, IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice. DSS was replaced with drinking water for 2 wks (recovery period). Another group of WT mice received DSS for 5d and IL-33 or vehicle (VEH) every other day during the recovery period. Mice were sacrificed either after DSS challenge or after 1 or 2 wks of recovery. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In AOM/DSS model IL-33, ST2L, and sST2 mRNA transcripts were dramatically elevated in WT vs. CT mice. IHC of treated WT mice revealed localization of ST2 to the intestinal epithelium in tissues immediately adjacent to tumors, while within the tumors themselves, ST2+ cells displayed a spindle/fibroblast-like morphology with a unique distribution throughout the polyps. Little to no staining for ST2 was present in CT.Using IF, ST2 co-localized with αSMA in polyps; ST2 was not exclusive for αSMA+ cells. At FACS analysis ST2 was mainly expressed by CD3/CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD11b+CD11c- and CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells. Non-hematopoietic cells (CD45-) also expressed ST2.At 5 weeks post AOM injection WT had already pre-tumorous lesions, while IL-33 KO and ST2 KO mice showed their absence with a more impressive mucosal inflammation, likely due to reduced epithelial proliferation and repair caused by the absence of IL-33 signaling. At sacrifice, increased number and size of polyps were observed in WT vs. IL-33KO and ST2KO mice. More severe colitis was observed following DSS+1wk recovery vs. after 5d of DSS, which decreased after DSS+2wks recovery. ST2 staining was more evident during the recovery phase following DSS, localized to subepithelial myofibroblasts in proximity to areas of re-epithelialization. Both IL-33 and ST2 KO mice showed increased colonic inflammation after 2 wks recovery compared to after 5d DSS and vs WT.IL-33 treatment resulted in increased body weight, reduced DAI, and decreased colonic inflammation after 2 wks recovery vs. VEH. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our results suggest that activation of the IL-33/ST2 axis sustains mucosal healing and tumorigenesis in the murine model of colitis-associated CRC.

Topic: IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Volar transfer of the lateral band with transverse retinacular ligament is effective for the correction of swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint

We introduced a technique with a volar transfer of the lateral band using the transverse retinacular ligament for swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint. A 61-year-old woman injured her 5th finger and was diagnosed with a volar plate injury of the PIP joint. She presented with snapping of the finger together with the appearance of a swan-neck deformity, and surgery was performed. Dorsally located lateral bands were transferred towards the volar aspect of the finger, and their position was maintained using the transverse retinacular ligament. Improvements in the snapping and swan-neck deformities were confirmed by intraoperative active motion of the finger. One year postoperatively, the deformity had not recurred, and there was no contracture of the finger. Surgical transfer of the lateral band using the transverse retinacular ligament is effective for swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint.

Topic: Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1) is expressed in limbic regions of the primate brain

Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) was identified as truncated by a balanced translocation segregating with schizophrenia and other major mental illness in a large Scottish family. As a step in evaluating the function of DISC1 and its potential role in human schizophrenia, we have determined its regional expression in the primate brain by in situ hybridization. DISC1 expression is highly localized, with most prominent expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and lateral septum, and lower levels of expression in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, paraventricular hypothalamus, cerebellum, interpeduncular nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus. Given that many of these regions have been implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis, these results suggest brain circuits through which DISC1 truncation may predispose to schizophrenia. NeuroReport 14:951–954 © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Topic: Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Photography

Tim N. Gidal, Modern Photojournalism: Origin and Evolution, 1910-1933 Andre Jammes, William H. Fox Talbot: Inventor of the Negative-Positive Process Bernard George, Edouard Boubat Alfred Eisenstaedt's People (New York: Viking, 1973 – $17.95) Weston D. Kemp's Photography for Visual Communicators (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973 – $12.95) Walter Herdeg's Photographis 73 (New York: Hastings House, 1973 – $27.50) Don Barron (ed.) Creativity 2 (New York: Art Direction Book Company (dist. by Hastings House), 1973 – $16.50)

Topic: Photography and Visual Culture
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
USE OF LEASING IN ACTIVITIES ENTERPRISES AND RATIONALE FOR SELECTION ITS FORMS

The article discusses the possibilities of using financial and operational leasing by an enterprise, methods of accruing leasing payments. The purpose of this study is to identify the most cost-effective sources of financing for the renewal of fixed assets. One of the options for solving this problem can be leasing, which combines many effective forms and methods of investment and allows you to take into account the interests of all parties to the transaction. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the main production assets of enterprises, the subject – an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of leasing in the activities of enterprises. The informational basis of the article was made up of: regulatory and legislative materials regulating leasing activities, theoretical foundations of leasing, reporting by Dorex JSC, Internet sources. The methodological apparatus of the study is represented by the following scientific methods: economic and statistical analysis, the method of financial ratios, financial and economic analysis. Results. Thanks to such a tool as leasing, the lessee acquires the opportunity to use the property necessary for its activities without a one-time mobilization of its own or borrowed resources. Three main methods for calculating lease payments used by domestic economists are identified. In the course of the study, using the example of Dorex JSC, the optimal form of leasing was chosen, as well as a comparison of sources of financing for the acquisition of fixed assets and an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of leasing in the activities of the organization in question. Conclusions. The use of leasing can be an effective way to mobilize and expand production, allowing to reduce the tax burden and ensure the stability of the enterprise.

Topic: Economic and Industrial Development
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
A Survey on Machine Learning Techniques for the Diagnosis of Liver Disease

Suffering from liver disease has been rapidly increasing due to excessive drink of alcohol, inhale polluted gas, drugs, contamination food and packing food pickle, so the medical expert system will help a doctor to automatic prediction.With the repeated development in machine learning technology, early prediction of liver disease is possible so that people can easily diagnosis the deadly disease in the early stage.This will give more useful in the Healthcare department and also a medical expert system can be used in a remote area.The liver plays a very important role in life which supports the removal of toxins from the body.So early prediction is very important to diagnosis the disease and recovers.Different types of machine learning, Supervised, Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised, Reinforcement Learning for diagnosis of liver disease such as SVM, KNN, K-Mean clustering, neural network, Decision tree etc and give difference accuracy, precision, sensitivity.The motive of this paper is to give a survey and comparative analysis of the entire machine learning techniques for diagnosis and prediction of liver disease in the medical area, which has already been used for the prediction of liver disease by various authors and the analysis are based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Precision, and Specificity.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Subfield: Health Information Management
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Unlocking TriLevel Learning with Level-Wise Zeroth Order Constraints: Distributed Algorithms and Provable Non-Asymptotic Convergence

Trilevel learning (TLL) found diverse applications in numerous machine learning applications, ranging from robust hyperparameter optimization to domain adaptation. However, existing researches primarily focus on scenarios where TLL can be addressed with first order information available at each level, which is inadequate in many situations involving zeroth order constraints, such as when black-box models are employed. Moreover, in trilevel learning, data may be distributed across various nodes, necessitating strategies to address TLL problems without centralizing data on servers to uphold data privacy. To this end, an effective distributed trilevel zeroth order learning framework DTZO is proposed in this work to address the TLL problems with level-wise zeroth order constraints in a distributed manner. The proposed DTZO is versatile and can be adapted to a wide range of (grey-box) TLL problems with partial zeroth order constraints. In DTZO, the cascaded polynomial approximation can be constructed without relying on gradients or sub-gradients, leveraging a novel cut, i.e., zeroth order cut. Furthermore, we theoretically carry out the non-asymptotic convergence rate analysis for the proposed DTZO in achieving the $ε$-stationary point. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate and validate the superior performance of the proposed DTZO, e.g., it approximately achieves up to a 40$\%$ improvement in performance.

Topic: Neural Networks and Applications
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Unusual Strugglings of Mind

Abstract This chapter explores the vital paradoxes in Baptists' understanding of the relationship between religious and political authority. It begins by examining the debates over church and state in Virginia. In North Carolina, disestablishment occurred relatively quickly and with much less public debate. In Virginia, however, the process of disestablishment involved a complicated negotiation among different civil and sectarian factions that carried on for years and ultimately resulted in a far-reaching statement for religious liberty. The chapter then turns to Baptists' involvement in political debates and political culture in the early republic.

Topic: American Constitutional Law and Politics
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
GROMOS 53A6<sub>GLYC</sub>, an Improved GROMOS Force Field for Hexopyranose-Based Carbohydrates

An improved parameter set for explicit-solvent simulations of carbohydrates (referred to as GROMOS 53A6GLYC) is presented, allowing proper description of the most stable conformation of all 16 possible aldohexopyranose-based monosaccharides. This set includes refinement of torsional potential parameters associated with the determination of hexopyranose rings conformation by fitting to their corresponding quantum-mechanical profiles. Other parameters, as the rules for third and excluded neighbors, are taken directly from the GROMOS 53A6 force field. Comparisons of the herein presented parameter set to our previous version (GROMOS 45A4), the GLYCAM06 force field, and available NMR data are presented in terms of ring puckering free energies, conformational distribution of the hydroxymethyl group, and glycosidic linkage geometries for 16 selected monosaccharides and eight disaccharides. The proposed parameter modifications have shown a significant improvement for the above-mentioned quantities over the two tested force fields, while retaining full compatibility with the GROMOS 53A6 and 54A7 parameter sets for other classes of biomolecules.

Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Supplementary Material for: The Missing Link in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Design of the Heart-Brain Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Hemodynamic balance in the heart-brain axis is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in maintaining functional and structural integrity of the brain and thereby cognitive functioning. Patients with heart failure (HF), carotid occlusive disease (COD), and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) present themselves with complaints attributed to specific parts of the heart-brain axis, but hemodynamic changes often go beyond the part of the axis for which they primarily seek medical advice. The Heart-Brain Study hypothesizes that the hemodynamic status of the heart and the brain is an important but underestimated cause of VCI. We investigate this by studying to what extent hemodynamic changes contribute to VCI and what the mechanisms involved are. Here, we provide an overview of the design and protocol. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Heart-Brain Study is a multicenter cohort study with a follow-up measurement after 2 years among 645 participants (175 VCI, 175 COD, 175 HF, and 120 controls). Enrollment criteria are the following: 1 of the 3 diseases diagnosed according to current guidelines, age ≥50 years, no magnetic resonance contraindications, ability to undergo cognitive testing, and independence in daily life. A core clinical dataset is collected including sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, detailed neurologic, cardiac, and medical history, medication, and a physical examination. In addition, we perform standardized neuropsychological testing, cardiac, vascular and brain MRI, and blood sampling. In subsets of participants we assess Alz­heimer biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, and assess echocardiography and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. Follow-up measurements after 2 years include neuropsychological testing, brain MRI, and blood samples for all participants. We use centralized state-of-the-art storage platforms for clinical and imaging data. Imaging data are processed centrally with automated standardized pipelines. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> The Heart-Brain Study investigates relationships between (cardio-)vascular factors, the hemodynamic status of the heart and the brain, and cognitive impairment. By studying the complete heart-brain axis in patient groups that represent components of this axis, we have the opportunity to assess a combination of clinical and subclinical manifestations of disorders of the heart, vascular system and brain, with hemodynamic status as a possible binding factor.

Topic: Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Development of a hydraulic manipulator servoactuator model: simulation and experimental validation

In this paper, modelling and identification of a hydraulic servoactuator system is presented. The importance of such a model is evident in further understanding the system and in order to develop a robust force controller. The model accounts for line losses, nonlinear orifice areas, hysteresis, friction, leakage, and load dynamics. System parameters are identified based on a high-performance hydraulic manipulator

Topic: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Identification of the cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain as a conserved determinant of ion-channel cell-surface localization

Mutations of a putative cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) can disrupt the function of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) and the human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel (HERG). Loss of function caused by C-terminal truncation, which includes all or part of the CNBD in HCN and HERG, has been related to abnormal channel trafficking. Similar defects have been reported for several of the missense mutations of HERG associated with long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Thus, we postulate that normal processing of these channels depends upon the presence of the CNBD. Here, we show that removal of the entire CNBD prevents Golgi transit, surface localization and function of HERG channel tetramers. This is also true when any of the structural motifs of the CNBD is deleted, suggesting that deletion of any highly conserved region along the entire length of the CNBD can disrupt channel trafficking. Furthermore, we demonstrate that defective trafficking is a consequence of all LQT2 mutations in the CNBD, including two mutations not previously assessed and two others for which there are conflicting results in the literature. The trafficking sensitivity of the CNBD might be of general significance for other ion channels because complete deletion of the CNBD or mutations at highly conserved residues within the CNBD of the related ERG3 channel and HCN2 also prevent Golgi transit. These results broadly implicate the CNBD in ion-channel trafficking that accounts for the commonly observed loss of function associated with CNBD mutants and provides a rationale for distinct genetic disorders.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences