jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of multiple-trait genetic evaluation accuracy using region marker relationships with traditional best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)

&nbsp; Accuracy of multiple-trait genetic evaluation based on allelic relationships with traditional best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was compared through computer simulation. Firstly, a base population (N = 100) was simulated; the population was half male/half female. After reaching linkage disequilibrium between marker and QTL, phenotypic and genotypic records were simulated for the last generation. For each animal in the base population, three chromosomes (each one Morgan in length) was created; on each chromosome, 200 markers and 50 QTLs were randomly located. Mutation rate in each generation was 2.5 &times; 10-5.&nbsp;Total allelic relationships consider variety of genetic relationships among relatives and employ information of non-relatives as well. In evaluation using total allelic relationships, three separate allelic matrixes were required. To form such matrixes, firstly, marker effects were estimated for each trait using mixed model of BLUP. Then, based on these effects, particular markers of each trait as well as common markers among two traits were determined and used to form allelic relationship matrixes. Correlation between actual and estimated breeding values in the last generation was evaluated based on 10 iterations. Statistical comparison was performed using t-student test. A significant difference was observed between evaluation accuracy of studied two methods. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Marker, allelic relationships, multiple-trait evaluation.

Topic: Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
[Basal metabolism and postprandial thermogenesis in anorexia nervosa and constitutional leanness].

Body composition and energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate--BMR--and postprandial thermogenesis--PPT) were evaluated in 11 anorectic patients, 16 very lean young women and 26 control female subjects. BMR in absolute terms was severely depressed in the anorectics when compared to the other two groups (p less than 0.01). After adjustment for fat free mass BMR was significantly higher in the lean subjects than the controls (p less than 0.05). PTT was studied for 240 minutes after the ingestion of a 3.56 MJ mixed meal (16% Prot, 50% CHO and 34% Fat) in 7 anorectics, 7 lean and 8 control women. PPT was similar in the anorectics and in the controls, but lower in the lean subjects (p less than 0.05) than in the other two groups. This study shows that a sharp decline in BMR occurs in severely undernourished anorectic patients who, however, have a normal PPT. On the other hand, very lean healthy women tend to have higher BMR but a decreased thermic response to a mixed test meal.

Topic: Diet and metabolism studies
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research Guides: SIFT: Quick Source & Claim Checking to Spot Fake or Misleading Information: Tools to Use for Lateral Reading

Learn to use the SIFT method to spot fake and misleading information You can use the tools on this page to conduct lateral reading to fact check claims and learn about the source of those claims.

Topic: Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Five Novel Nematode-Trapping Fungi (Orbiliomycetes) from Yunnan, China

Nematode-trapping fungi are widely studied due to their unique morphological structure, survival strategy, and potential value in the biological control of harmful nematodes. During the identification of carnivorous fungi preserved in our laboratory, five novel nematode-trapping fungi were established and placed in the genera Arthrobotrys and Drehslerella based on morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses. A. hengjiangensis sp. nov. and A. weixiensis sp. nov. are characterized by producing adhesive networks to catch nematodes. Dr. pengdangensis sp. nov., Dr. tianchiensis sp. nov., and Dr. yunlongensis sp. nov. are characterized by producing constricting rings. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes, and phylogenetic analysis are provided for all new taxa; a key for Drechslerella species is listed; and some deficiencies in the taxonomy and evolution study of nematode-trapping fungi are also discussed herein.

Topic: Nematode management and characterization studies
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
[Infectious endocarditis induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 8 new cases].

A commensal organism of the buccal cavity, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AAC) has been responsible for at least four new cases of infectious endocarditis by year in France. This retrospective study was based on 90 new cases of infectious endocarditis by AAC, including 8 personal observations. One third of patients had no known cardiac disease before their infectious endocarditis, the portal of entry of which was usually dental. In cases of suspected infectious endocarditis, rapid and severe weight loss (43% of cases) and, less commonly, anicteric cholestasis (8%) should alert the physician for the possible pathological role of AAC. The echocardiographic appearances are non-specific. The diagnosis is confirmed on blood cultures but the organism grows slowly in CO2 enriched atmosphere. Initially, the course of the disease was favourable in one third of patients but, in two thirds of cases, complications were observed almost renal (26%), cardiac (24%) and neurological (18%). Two thirds of patients were cured by the time they were discharged whereas the remainder had sequellae, mainly valvular and neurological. The hospital mortality was 9%; late mortality was 6%. Therefore, the prognosis of AAC endocarditis, seems to be better than that of other bacteriological forms. A combination of cephalosporin and aminoside, or even a simple third generation cephalosporin antibiotic therapy for at least 4 weeks are usually effective. The complementary surgical indications are the same as for other forms of infectious endocarditis. Prophylaxis depends on strict prophylactic amoxicillin therapy for all cardiac patients at risk of infectious endocarditis before dental treatment and on good bucco-dental hygiene.

Topic: Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Solving a century-old conundrum underlying cardiac force-length relations

In the late 19th century, Otto Frank presented a diagram (Frank O. Z Biol 37: 483–526, 1899) showing that cardiac end-systolic pressure-volume relations are dependent on the mode of contraction: one for isovolumic contractions that locate above that for afterloaded ejecting contractions. Conflicting results to Frank’s have been subsequently demonstrated in various species, both within and among preparations, ranging from the whole hearts to single myocytes, showing a single pressure-volume or force-length relation that is independent of the mode of contraction. Numerous explanations for these conflicting results have been proposed but are mutually contradictory and hence unsatisfying. The present study aimed to explore how these conflicting findings can be reconciled. We thus explored the cardiac force-length relation across a wide spectrum of both preloads and afterloads, encompassing the physiological working range. Experiments were performed using isolated ventricular trabeculae at physiological temperature and stimulus frequency. The force-length relation obtained from isometric contractions was indeed located above a family of those obtained from shortening contractions. Low preload conditions rendered the relation contraction mode independent. High afterload conditions also showed a comparable effect. Our exploration allowed us to reveal the loading conditions that can explain the apparent single, contraction mode-independent, force-length relation that is in contrast with that presented by Frank. Resolving this century-old cardiac conundrum highlights the caution that must be taken when using the end-systolic force-length relation to illustrate as well as to understand the concepts of the Frank-Starling law of the heart, “potential energy,” and cardiac contractility. NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Our exploration of the cardiac force-length relation under wide ranges of preload and afterload has allowed us to reconcile conflicting results in the literature regarding its length dependency. We show that the relation is dependent on the mode of contraction but can appear to be otherwise under certain conditions. This finding highlights the need for caution when using the force-length relation to understand key concepts in cardiac physiology.

Topic: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Constituent Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Epimedii Folium from Different Species

Epimedii Folium (EF) is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug that includes many species. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), EF includes Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, E. Sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc) Maxim, E. pubescens Maxim, E. koreanum Nakai, and Epimedium Wushanense T.S. Ying. It has been reported that the active constituents in EF are different, resulting in the uneven quality of commercial medicinal materials. To explore the specific differences and make a comprehensive quality evaluation of EF, we established an analytical method to simultaneously detect 45 constituents including 23 flavonoids, 4 phenolic acids, 12 amino acids, 5 nucleosides, and 1 alkaloid in 5 species of EF, based on ultrafast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and grey correlation analysis (GRA) were used to discriminate and evaluate different species of samples. The results showed that EF could be divided into three categories and EBM was superior to the other four species. This study provides data basis for the comprehensive evaluation and a new perspective on the quality control of EF from different species.

Topic: Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Inhibition of the Biosynthesis of Leucomycin, a Macrolide Antibiotic, by Cerulenin

Inhibition of the Biosynthesis of Leucomycin, a Macrolide Antibiotic, by Cerulenin Get access Satoshi ŌMURA, Satoshi ŌMURA *Kitasato Institute, Kitasato UniversityMinato-ku, Tokyo**School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kitasato UniversityMinato-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hideo TAKESHIMA Hideo TAKESHIMA *Kitasato Institute, Kitasato UniversityMinato-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 75, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 193–195, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130375 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Received: 19 July 1973 Published: 01 January 1974

Topic: Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Ganodermanic acid, a new steroidal compound derived from the marine fungus <i>Aspergillu</i> s sp. ZJUT223

A new steroid ganodermanic acid (<b>1</b>) and seventeen known compounds <b>2</b>-<b>18</b> were isolated from the marine fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. ZJUT223. Extensive spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS) established the planar structure of <b>1</b>. Its stereochemistry was assigned using NOESY, density functional theory (DFT)-calculated NMR with DP4+ analysis, and calculated electrical circular dichroism (ECD). In the quorum sensing (QS) inhibition assay, aspergilol I (<b>17</b>) dose-dependently inhibited violacein production in <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> CV026, suggesting that it interfered with quorum sensing signalling in this reporter strain. This is the first report of aspergilol I (<b>17</b>) as a potential quorum sensing inhibitor.

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients

SUMMARYChicken meat products that are ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat are gaining popularity among the consumers due to their ease of preparation/consumption. In the present global scenario, there is a considerable demand for health oriented, minimally processed poultry products with all natural ingredients. Hence, there is prime need for the value addition of chicken meat by developing functional foods, focusing on the health benefits of the consumers. The role of dietary fibre in the nutrition is immense in maintaining the human well-being, and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer and several other health disorders. Since meat is devoid of dietary fibre, extensive research works are being carried out on enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients in the chicken meat products. In this review, the significance of dietary fibres in human nutrition, various types of dietary fibre sources and their utilisation in the development of chicken meat products will be discussed.KEYWORDS: Chicken meat productdietary fibrefunctional ingredientcerealsfruitsvegetables Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
First Steps toward the Geometry of Cophylogeny

Here we introduce researchers in algebraic biology to the exciting new field of cophylogenetics. Cophylogenetics is the study of concomitantly evolving organisms (or genes), such as host and parasite species. Thus the natural objects of study in cophylogenetics are tuples of related trees, instead of individual trees. We review various research topics in algebraic statistics for phylogenetics, and propose analogs for cophylogenetics. In particular we propose spaces of cophylogenetic trees, cophylogenetic reconstruction, and cophylogenetic invariants. We conclude with open problems.

Topic: Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of metabolic disorders on endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

The present study investigated the expression of endometrial receptivity-related molecules in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and different androgen status, insulin resistance (IR) levels, and body mass indexes (BMI) to identify the mechanism underlying their effects on pregnancy outcomes. The present study recruited 43 participants from November 2020 to January 2021, which were classified into five groups: i) Hyperandrogenemia (HA) combined with impaired glucose tolerance group (n=8); ii) HA combined with diabetes mellitus group (n=8); iii) HA combined with non-IR (NIR) group (n=10); iv) non-HA (NHA) androgen combined with IR group (n=8); and v) NHA combined with NIR group (n=9). In addition, according to their BMIs, patients were sub-grouped into lean/normal (n=27), overweight (n=8) or obese (n=8) groups. The mRNA expression levels of endometrial receptivity-related molecules were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotype and percentage of uterine natural killer cells (uNK). According to the results, patients with PCOS and IR status, HA and obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) demonstrated significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)1, AdipoR2, adapter protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1, estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR), IL-15, integrin β3 avβ3, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, but increased mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with NHA + NIR group or lean/normal group, respectively. In addition, obese patients with PCOS demonstrated increased mRNA expression levels of PR compared with overweight patients. This suggested that insulin resistant status, HA, and obesity could alter the endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS, which may explain poorer embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes in clinics.

Topic: Ovarian function and disorders
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Assessment of governance mechanisms, livelihood outcomes and incentive instruments for green rubber in Myanmar

Over the past decade, rubber cultivation has expanded throughout the Mekong region, from established centers of production in Thailand, China and Vietnam to new sites in Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. Rubber has brought opportunities for increased incomes and livelihood improvement as well as social and environmental risks. The 2012 drop in rubber prices has sent the sector into disarray, halting the expansion of rubber and constraining the ability of farmers and companies to profit. This study examines how rubber production in the Lao PDR is governed, especially the soci-ecological dynamics of varying forms of production: smallholding, contract farming and large-scale estate plantations. Based upon an analysis of secondary literature and interviews with key stakeholders, it was found that rubber production in the Lao PDR is for the most part not ‘green,' meaning that it has not reduced poverty and protected ecosystem services and forested areas. The price crash has prevented most smallholding farmers from increasing their income. Wages on large-scale plantations have been low and only a limited amount of work for Lao people is available. Large-scale estates have been developed on land expropriated from communities and have replaced forested areas that provide important ecosystem services to local communities. The paper argues that if rubber is to be truly green, then significant changes to production and trade must be made, including minimum price supports from the state, appropriate land use planning measures, the establishment of cooperatives, the protection of community land rights, and the implementation of agroforestry rubber production models.

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Study on Genotoxicity of Huiyan Capsule

Objective and Methods The genotoxic activity of Huiyan capsule was studied by Ames test,micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow and sperm shape abnormality test in mice to provide the data basis for its safety. Results and Conclusion The results of the three tests were all negative, which suggested that Huiyan capsule is not mutagenic to tested strains,somatic cells and male germ cells in mice.

Topic: Plant-based Medicinal Research
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Domain: Life Sciences
Effects of Probiotics on Performance, Carcass Yield and Internal Organs in Broilers

Introduction: Probiotics have been used increasingly in poultry diets after the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in the EU. Probiotics include beneficial microorganisms that may have positive effects on the intestinal tract of poultry. This study was aimed to determine the effects of dietary probiotics on performance, carcass yield and internal organs in broilers. Methods: A total of 300 Ross 308 broiler male chicks aged one day were divided into one control group and two treatment groups each group containing 100 chicks. Each group was divided into 5 replicates, as subgroups, each comprising 20 chicks. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption and the diets were presented in mash form. The experimental period lasted 39 days. Basal diet was supplemented with the probiotics (Nafoil forte, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Biotem Ltd Company). Probiotics were added at 0.1 and 0.2% to the first and second treatment groups, respectively. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment (d 39) 10 broilers from each group were weighed and slaughtered by severing the jugular vein. Hot carcass weights were determined and carcass yield was calculated. Absolute and proportional weights of abdominal fat, liver, heart, spleen, gizzard and Bursa of Fabricius were also determined. Results: Dietary supplementation of probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae didn't affect the final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency during the 39 days of experimental period. Probiotics supplementation increased carcass yield (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased abdominal fat percentages (P &lt; 0.05). Relative weights of liver, heart, gizzard, spleen and Bursa of Fabricius were not affected from the usage of probiotics. Discussion: Dietary probiotics supplementation improved carcass yield and decreased the abdominal fat significantly without changing other performance parameters in broilers. As a conclusion dietary probiotics supplementation might be beneficial additives for broilers.

Topic: Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
THE IMPACT OF OUTSOURCING ON INDIVIDUAL WAGES IN INDONESIA

This paper studies the impact of outsoarcing ott individual srages. In contrast to the standard approach in the literature, we focus on domestic outsourcing as well as foreign outsourcing. 3y usrng a sirnple ttreoretical mcdel, we arguf that, domestic outsourcings as well as foreign outsourcing do affect wages. As predicted by theory; foreign outsourcings have positive outcome to wages. We us a pnel data set of workerc in Indonesia to show that damestic and foreign outsourcing affect wages as predicetd by the theory.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
International Financial Instability

Abstract If the Montreal Protocol has been so successful in reducing the production and use of ozone‐depleting substances, why cannot an effective treaty to control greenhouse gas emissions be put into place? Barrett's examination of this issue reveals two findings. First, the underlying economics of addressing climate change and ozone depletion are different. A study that guided policymakers at an early stage of ozone negotiations found that the costs of reducing ozone‐depleting substances were small relative to the benefits. In contrast, the best studies available today suggest that the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by a substantial amount match or exceed the benefits only slightly. Second, Barrett argues that in the absence of a central global authority, international treaties must be self‐enforcing or must include credible incentives for compliance and disincentives to discourage noncompliance. Thus, the Montreal Protocol, while effective, cannot simply be redrafted to address the climate change problem. Rather, reducing greenhouse gases poses new challenges for burden‐sharing and effective implementation.

Topic: Climate Change Policy and Economics
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences