jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of transmitted drug resistance in untreated HIV‐infected patients in Cuba

Background Knowledge of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in untreated HIV‐infected patients is fundamental in the epidemiological surveillance programs, because it is associated with suboptimal virological outcome of first‐line HAART. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of TDR in newly diagnosed Cuban patients. Methods 250 HIV‐1‐infected patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. RNA was isolated from plasma and used as target to amplify the pol gen by RT‐nested PCR. PCR products were sequenced and the data generated used to determine the viral subtype by phylogenetic analyses. The TDR were detected by means of Stanford University calibrated population resistance tool, using the 2009 surveillance drug resistance mutations list. Results Baseline characteristic were as follows: 78.4% of the cases were males, mean age was 35.5 years, 66.3% of infections were acquired by homosexual transmission and the median viral load was 4.6 log. The 39.2% of the analyzed samples corresponded to the subtype B and 60.8% for non‐B genetic forms, with prevalence of CRF 19_cpx, CRF 20 BG and CRF 23 BG [ 1 ]. The overall prevalence of TDR increased in comparison with previous studies (19.2% versus 5.2%) [ 2 ]. The majority of mutations were seen within the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI) (8.5%) and non‐NRTI (9.7%). TDR was less common in the group of protease inhibitors (1.7%). The most common mutations were M184V and K103N for the NRTIs and NNRTIs, respectively. The prevalence of TDR in samples of the subtype G was significant (p = 0.005) in comparison with other genetic forms. Conclusions This study confirms an increase in the transmission of resistance‐associated mutations, which indicates the importance of maintaining a constant epidemiological surveillance of the TDR in newly diagnosed Cuban patients.

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Overexpression of p62 is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma

p62 (also known as sequestosome 1) protein, is a small regulatory protein that accumulates in autophagy-defective cells that has been demonstrated to be involved in the prognosis and survival of patients with several types of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no such studies for osteosarcoma (OS). In the present study, the expression of p62 in 70 OS samples was determined using immunohistochemistry and its association with various clinicopathological factors was assessed. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of p62 protein was detected in 77.1% (54/70) samples, and the expression levels were significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.001), metastasis (P=0.036), clinical staging (P=0.003) and poor prognosis (P=0.0058). Furthermore, suppression of the p62 expression by short hairpin RNA interference in F5M2 and F4 cells lines led to decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion <i>in vitro</i>. These results suggested that increased expression of p62 may be involved in OS progression, and therefore the excess expression of p62 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with OS.

Topic: Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Supplementary Tables 1-8 from Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes, Smoking, and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings from the International Consortium of Bladder Cancer

Supplementary Tables 1-8 from Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes, Smoking, and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings from the International Consortium of Bladder Cancer

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Role of Recollection, Familiarity, and the Hippocampus in Episodic and Working Memory

The hippocampus plays an essential role in long-term episodic memory by supporting the recollection of contextual details, whereas surrounding regions such as the perirhinal cortex support familiarity- based recognition discriminations. Working memory - the ability to maintain information over very brief periods of time - is traditionally thought to rely heavily on frontoparietal attention networks, but recent work has shown that it can also rely on the hippocampus. However, the conditions in which the hippocampus becomes involved in working memory are unclear and whether it contributes to recollection or familiarity-based responses in working memory is only beginning to be explored. In the current paper, we first review and contrast the existing amnesia literature examining recollection and familiarity in episodic and working memory. The results indicate that, in contrast to episodic memory, in working memory the hippocampus is particularly critical for familiarity-based rather than recollection-based discrimination. Moreover, they indicate that the role of the hippocampus in working memory can be obscured due to ‘criterion-induced process-masking’ because it primarily supports intermediate-confidence recognition decisions. We then report results from a new working memory study examining the ability of amnesics to detect global and local changes in complex objects, which indicates that the hippocampus plays an especially critical role when working memory relies on the detection of global rather than discrete changes. We conclude by considering the results in light of neurocomputational models and proposing a general framework for understanding the relationship between episodic and working memory.

Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Making Laos in DFW : Laotian community building, mutual aid, and identity formations

This thesis examines the history of Laotian migration to Dallas-Fort Worth, how Laotian people established themselves here, and how they negotiated their sense of belonging in the U.S. Drawing from interviews, ethnography, and autoethnography, I argue that mutual aid systems, emerging nonprofits and cultural centers, and reinterpretations of gender in the Laotian community are significant sites that reveal how Laotian refugee experience of displacement and resettlement are not simply experiences of hardship, but also that of creative community building, networks of care, and knowledge production and theorizing. I explore the various ways Laotian refugees have maintained or asserted their ethnic identities and culture and argue that these processes cannot be separated from United States’ decimation of Laos nearly half a decade prior and refugee policy. Through this project, I aim to fill a critical gap in Asian American Studies and highlight the important stories, experiences, and histories of Laotian refugees and honor a community that continues to fight against the legacies of U.S. war-making

Topic: Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Synchronization in Singing Duo Performances: The Roles of Visual Contact and Leadership Instruction

Interpersonal synchronization between musicians during ensemble performances is characterized by continuous micro-timing adjustments due to intentional and unintentional factors supporting expressive interpretations, or caused by noise during the cognitive-motor process. Whether visual contact between musicians and the instruction to act as leader or follower affect synchronization in ensembles remains mostly unclear. This study investigates the role of visual cues and leader-follower relationships in singing performances. Twelve vocal duos took part in the study, singing a two-part piece, which was composed for the study and was mostly homophonic in structure. Four conditions were applied in a randomized order: with and without visual contact, and with a designated leader or follower. The piece was repeated four times in each condition, and the condition presented three times, for a total of 12 performances of the piece in each condition. Data were acquired using electrolaryngograph electrodes and head mounted microphones to track the fundamental frequency estimates of the individual singers. Results show that the presence and absence of visual contact had a significant effect on the precision and consistency of synchronization during singing duo performances. Precision and consistency were better in the presence of visual contact between singers than without, and these effects were associated with the beginning of phonation of the first note of the piece. The presence/absence of visual contact also had an effect on the tendency to lead or lag a co-performer associated with the onset of the first note; the extent of leading was greater when visual contact was absent. The instruction to act as leader or follower did not affect precision or consistency of synchronization, nor did it relate to the observed tendency to precede or lag a co-performer. The results contribute to the tailoring of rehearsal strategies, as singers and directors can be better informed of the factors influencing synchronization and focus on specific areas of difficulty in certain performance conditions, such as first note onsets when performers are not able to see each other.

Topic: Neuroscience and Music Perception
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Intergenerational Transfers and Public Expenditure on the Elderly in Modern Britain

ABSTRACT In the United States, much attention has recently been directed to the issue of whether the welfare system has become over-generous to the retired population, at the expense of families with children. The proportion of the US elderly population living in poverty has fallen significantly in the last fifteen years while the number of poor children has increased rapidly, and it has been suggested that this lack of investment in the next generation of workers may have disastrous longterm consequences for the U.S. economy. This paper considers whether similar trends are evident in Britain. It reviews data on the poverty and income of the elderly population, and finds little unequivocal evidence of relative economic gain over the last two decades, although it is clear that many children have suffered from the recent rise in unemployment-induced poverty. It also looks at direct public expenditure on the elderly through both the pension and the health and personal social services systems, and finds no evidence of a transfer of public resources away from children and towards the elderly population. The paper concludes that the British welfare state has been remarkably neutral in its allocation of resources between generations, and that, in the British context, any discussion of inter-generational conflict for welfare resources establishes a false dichotomy, because economic inequality within broad age groups is much greater than inequality between age groups.

Topic: Global Health Care Issues
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Theatre of Dreams: Weddings as a Service Experience

This paper seeks to examine the value offered by the services drama metaphor to the service that is a wedding. A wedding is an atypical service in that it is temporally extended and involves a multiplicity of service providers brought together to produce the 'big day'. The authors contribute to greater understanding of the drama metaphor by conceptually developing and integrating the themes of the drama metaphor and the romance and consumption that are evident in a bride's wedding experience. The conceptual discussion is further strengthened by the results of in-depth interviews with brides.

Topic: Culinary Culture and Tourism
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
“French element” in the Russian art culture of the mid XVIII century

The subject of this research is the reflection of Russian realities of the mid XVIII century in cultural sphere. The article touches upon the problem of cross-cultural communication between Russia and France in the XVIII century: the theme of &amp;ldquo;French presence&amp;rdquo; in the Russian art and theater culture of the first half and the middle of the XVIII century. The acquired results elucidate the characteristic features of the relations between French and Russian people during this period. The research was conducted with consideration of the unity of internal and external, subjective and objective factors within the framework of the cultural-historical process. The conclusions were made leaning on the analysis of the entire range of sources use and existing research traditions. The article reveals the contribution of the French representatives of art and culture while their stay in Russia, as well as describes the forms and manifestations of their activity that in prospect affected the image of Russia. The author believes that working at the Russian Court, the French representatives imposed the vision of their country on Russia, transforming the Russian images in the French spirit. The presented materials are valuable for the study of cross-cultural communication between Russia and France in the XVIII century. This article is important and relevant in the conditions of constantly developing cultural dialogue and determination of the new vectors of cooperation between the countries.

Topic: Historical Art and Culture Studies
Subfield: Museology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
The Second World War and the Mass Murder of the Sick and Handicapped

"All eugenicists know that war means a frightful extermination of the most virile and most viable elements of a nation, both for the victor and the conquered." Consequently, Ernst Rüdin, the author of this 1934 comment, went on to say that all eugenicists are bound together by the "fervent desire for peace among all nations."1 At the International Congress for Mental Health in 1937, he was even more moving: "Not loud enough, not grandly enough, not often enough can eugenics raise its voice of warning against mass destruction, which is a hostage of war." From the standpoint of race hygiene in general and from that of "eugenic prophylaxis of the mentally disturbed" in particular, modern mass war is to be condemned as a phenomenon that "carries off the most hereditarily virile persons before they have children" and "leaves behind the intellectually hereditarily inferior with all their progeny."2KeywordsMass MurderNobel Peace PrizeGerman PeopleRace PolicyRace HygieneThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Topic: Medical History and Research
Subfield: History
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Analysis of spermatogonial marker expression in non-human primate

Human and non-human primate spermatogonia (SPG) share important similarities [1]. Recently, a new classification was proposed for the human SPG compartment based on protein markers such as, MAGEA4, GFRA1, KIT, etc. [2]. Even though, the kinetic of monkey SPG has been previously investigated [3], less is known about the expression profile of spermatogonial markers. Here we tested the hypothesis that SPG marker expression and progression in human and non-human primates is conserved. To this end, we analyzed the expression of human markers, in Macaca fascicularis SPG and their proliferation activity during the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle [4, 5].

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Digital Transformation of Businesses

This paper explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping business operations and strategies.Central to our research is the question: How is AI driving the digital transformation in contemporary businesses?We begin with a background analysis of digital transformation, examining its trajectory in the context of evolving AI technologies.The purpose of this study is to critically assess the integration of AI in various business domains and its consequent impact on operational efficiency, decisionmaking processes, and customer engagement.Employing a mixed-methodology approach, the research encompasses qualitative analyses through case studies of diverses industries and quantitative data through surveys and performance metrics.Our methodology integrates comparative studies to delineate the differences in AI adoption across sectors and scales of businesses.The results indicate a significant positive correlation between AI deployment and enhanced business agility, innovation, and competitive advantage.Even while AI acts as a catalyst for digital transformation, offering substantial gains in efficiency and market insights, it also necessitates a strategic approach to address its complexities and ethical dimensions.The findings provide valuable insights for business leaders and policymakers, emphasizing the need for a balanced, informed approach to harness the potential of AI in the digital era.

Topic: Economic Development and Digital Transformation
Subfield: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
RELATED FACTORS OF MENTAL HEALTH WELL-BEING IN THE PARTICIPANTS OF SENIOR CITIZENS' COLLEGE

Abstract The aim of this study was to clarify the mental health well-being and its related factors of participants in senior citizen’s college. The participants were 364 persons (age 69.4+/-6.1) aged sixty years or over living in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We conducted a cross- sectional study that included age, family structure, employed status, self-related health, presence of chronic disorders, Instrumental ADL (TMIG index of competence score), dietary variety score (1-10), cognitive social capital, structural social capital, the scales of grandchild-grandparent relationships, Japanese version of the abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), the frequency of going outdoors, and Mental health well-being was assessed using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Mental Health Well-being Index-five items, WHO-5. We carried out the surveys in October in 2018. The total score of WHO-5 was 19. 6+/-4.7 among all participants. From the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, “social isolation” (OR=4.001, 95%CI=1.584-10.043) was independently associated with low mental health well-being (WHO-5). These results suggest that, to advance the well-being of the elderly, it is necessary to develop and implement the projects which promote social functions including close relationship with others, neighbors or family members.

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Esophagectomy in Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma: Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes and Supplemental Report of Propensity Match Results: In Reply to Li and colleagues

Journal of the American College of Surgeons ():10.1097/XCS.0000000000001110, May 03, 2024. | DOI: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000001110

Topic: Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
DataSheet1_Low-carbon economic operation of IES based on life cycle method and hydrogen energy utilization.PDF

&lt;p&gt;The Integrated Energy System (IES) that coordinates multiple energy sources can effectively improve energy utilization and is of great significance to achieving energy conservation and emission reduction goals. In this context, a low-carbon and economic dispatch model for IES is proposed. Firstly, a hydrogen energy-based IES (H2-IES) is constructed to refine the utilization process of hydrogen energy. Secondly, the carbon emissions of different energy chains throughout their life cycle are analyzed using the life cycle assessment method (LCA), and the carbon emissions of the entire energy supply and demand chain are considered. Finally, a staged carbon trading mechanism is adopted to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on this, an IES low-carbon and economic dispatch model is constructed with the optimization goal of minimizing the sum of carbon trading costs, energy procurement costs, and hydrogen sales revenue, while considering network constraints and constraints on key equipment. By analyzing the model under different scenarios, the introduction of life cycle assessment, staged carbon trading, and hydrogen energy utilization is shown to promote low-carbon and economic development of the comprehensive energy system.&lt;/p&gt;

Topic: Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Economic and Employment Entitlements of Community-based Tourism in Nature Conservation Sites

This paper reviews the economic and employment significance of tourism in general and livelihood linkage of community-based ecotourism in particular. The tourism industry is conceptualized based on literature support to render a framework for the paper. The evolution and growth of tourism in the study area is also discussed. Time series data pertaining to the direct income from community-based ecotourism programmes has been analysed to explore the economic significance of tourism to the local community. Though the study covers only a part of the expenditure by tourists, its socio-economic significance is really laudable. The paper also explores the sustainability issues of ecotourism as well.

Topic: Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
An <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> Nuclear Effector <scp>SCRE7</scp> Inhibits Rice Immunity via Suppressing <scp>OsLBD11</scp>/12‐Promoted Transcription of <i>OsCPS2</i>

ABSTRACT Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a great number of effector proteins into various organelles of host plants and suppress plant immunity through different mechanisms. In this study, we identify SCRE7 as a unique nuclear effector that is essential for U. virens infection. SCRE7 interacts with a transcription factor OsLBD11/12 in rice nuclei. Interestingly, defence responses and rice resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases are negatively modulated by SCRE7, but positively regulated by OsLBD11/12. Consistently, transcriptome analyses revealed that SCRE7 and OsLBD11/12 oppositely regulate multiple immune‐related pathways in rice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsLBD11/12 activates the transcription of OsCPS2 encoding a positive immune regulator through specifically binding to the cis ‐element in the OsCPS2 promoter. SCRE7 attenuates the binding of OsLBD11/12 to the cis ‐element and thereby inhibits the transcriptional activity of the transcription factor and rice immunity. The findings not only represent an unidentified infection strategy in U. virens , but also provide candidate gene targets for the creation of disease‐resistant germplasms in rice.

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Subfield: Plant Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences