jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic acid is a strong inhibitor of prostaglandin but not leukotriene biosynthesis.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DCHA), a major polyunsaturated acid component of fish lipid, is not a substrate for prostaglandin synthetase from ram seminal vesicles but is a strong competitive inhibitor (Ki, 0.36 microM) of the conversion by this enzyme of arachidonate (Km, 5.9 microM) to prostaglandins. In contrast, DCHA exhibits little interference to the conversion of arachidonate to metabolites on the leukotriene pathway. DCHA is a very poor substrate for the leukotriene-synthesizing system from RBL-1 cells and no formation of the C22 analog of leukotriene B could be detected from it. The C22 analog of leukotriene C4 was produced by chemical synthesis from DCHA and found to be less than 1/10,000th as active as leukotriene C4 in contracting guinea pig ileum. The DCHA used in this work was obtained in greater than 99.8% purity by a practical process developed for its separation from fish lipid. The cardiovascular protective effects ascribed to dietary intake of fish lipid by certain populations may be due in part to the biological action of DCHA, including the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Topic: Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Performance of C++ bit-vector implementations

This paper describes an experimental study to compare the performance of various dynamically resizable bit-vector implementations for the C++ programming language. We compare the std::vector from the Standard Template Library (STL), boost::dynamic_bitset from Boost, Qt::QBitArray from QT Software, and BitMagic's bm::bvector from the STL with these because it is a dynamically resizable vector implementation that has been suggested to be an acceptable alternative for std::vector. We describe the test data and the methods that were applied to measure memory use and processing time. This lays a foundation for comparing other parts of the different C++ libraries. The results are presented and discussed in terms of the differences in the implementations of these data structures. Although the results reported in this article is specific to the mentioned C++ libraries, the techniques used to measure and compare the performance of the different libraries go beyond C++ bit-vectors and may be used more generally.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for Children: A Cross-Validation Study

The present study examined the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index (BEI) using different samples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The BEI was administered to a sample of 2,714 children (mean age 11.12, SD = 1.59). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a three-factor structure: Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings and Tearful Reaction. The results revealed both the multidimensionality of the instrument and appropriate fit indices for the model proposed. Although these results were very similar to those reported in other studies with a Spanish population, the analyses were conducted in a more robust way: with a larger sample and using polychoric correlations and cross validation estimation.

Topic: Empathy and Medical Education
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Will the Eu Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 Inhibit Critical Care Research?

There is an inherent tension between critical care research and data protection. Because of their condition it is not possible to ask for the patients' informed consent to be enrolled in observational research at the point of admission to the hospital. Often this is not possible at a later moment either. Yet informed consent is the baseline to be enrolled in research with personal data and exceptions must be allowed for by national legislation. This was the case under Directive 95/96/EC and will be the case under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, Regulation 2016/679 EU) which will replace the Directive from 25 May 2018 onwards. Though being a Regulation and therefore directly applicable in the Member States, the long debate about the research exceptions in the GDPR left many aspects of observational research including the exception to the informed consent principle, mainly to the Member States. It may be assumed that most Member States will leave their present state of the law intact in this respect as that was part of the political compromise. We compared existing national privacy legislation from the perspective of critical care research and found great variation. Although this may not impede the collection of emergency and critical care research with data without prior informed consent in countries which are more responsive to such research, it might be a challenge to exchange such data from the national nodes in European wide research collaboration. We make a case that countries which are not responsive to such research should adapt their legislation in the interests of future critical care patients.

Topic: Ethics in Clinical Research
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Doing Research on Purpose

Research on purpose is aimed at identifying the perceptual variables that a system is controlling when it is carrying out various purposeful behaviors. The basic methodology used to do this kind of research is the test for controlled variable or TCV, which involves testing hypotheses about the perceptual variables the organism is controlling. These hypotheses are formal definitions of the perception under control. They are tested by looking for lack of an expected effect of disturbances to the hypothesized controlled variable. The TCV has to start with the formulation of hypotheses about the variables around which behavior is organized. The researcher has to be able to look at what an organism is doing and come up with definitions of the variables it is controlling – definitions that are precise enough so that it is possible to predict how disturbances would affect these variables if they were not being controlled.

Topic: Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Production, characterization, and bio-ethanologenic potential of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase from <i>Priestia flexa</i> UCCM 00132

The biological conversion of agro-waste biomass into value-added metabolites is one of the trendy biotechnological research areas in recent times. One of the major drawbacks of the bioprocess is the saccharification potential of the amylolytic enzyme that releases reducing sugar from complex biomass to serve as substrate for fermentation. The present study reports the production of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase (RSDA) by an indigenous <i>Priestia flexa</i> strain with α-, β-, and gluco-amylolytic activities and its potential for bioethanol production. Response surface statistics was employed to develop a suitable medium for improved production of the tripartite enzyme by submerged fermentation. The bioprocess selected raw starch (4.36%) Ca<sup>2+</sup>(2.71 g/L) and Zn<sup>2+</sup> (0.0177 g/L) as significant variables which demonstrated a total RSDA activity of 7208.23 U/mL in a 5-L batch bioreactor. SDS/Native-PAGE determined the molecular weights of the 27-fold purified product as 25.2 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 90.1 kDa for α-, β-, and gluco-amylases, respectively. Optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were respectively broad at 30–70 °C and 4–11. The enzyme mixture demonstrated digestibility above 90% against a variety of raw starches and simultaneous fermentation of digestate with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> generated 71.69 g/L of bioethanol within 24 h suggesting great potential for bioethanologenesis.

Topic: Enzyme Production and Characterization
Subfield: Biotechnology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Character building values represented in English textbook for junior high school

Keyword: character building values, textbook, content analysis&#13;\nNational Education System No. 20/2003 chapter 3 mention the function&#13;\nof national education is to develop ability and build character in order to create an&#13;\nintelligible national life. So, it is very clear that the need of character building is&#13;\nvery important to be applied in education. Values education will help the student&#13;\nrealize, experience, and put it in an integral manner to their life. Values education&#13;\ncovered character, values, norm, and morals. Immanuel (2012:5) states that&#13;\ntextbooks are key component in most language program. Textbook in this case&#13;\nbecome very important in language rule especially as instructional material. The&#13;\nstudy was conducted to analyze whether the picture and utterance in textbook&#13;\n“Bahasa Inggris; when English rings the bell” that is developed by national&#13;\neducation department represent the aspect of character building values.&#13;\nThis study is aimed at getting finding of character building values appear&#13;\nin English textbook for junior high school and how are character building values&#13;\nrepresented in English textbook for Junior High School. More specifically, this&#13;\nstudy is to analyze whether picture and utterance reflect the eighteen character&#13;\nbuilding values. This study is limited to analyze picture and utterance in the&#13;\nEnglish textbook that represent character building values as a source of data.&#13;\nIn this research, the researcher used qualitative research method by using&#13;\ncontent analysis. The researcher describes the data is roommates will answer two&#13;\nresearch question of data analysis above. The main research instrument is the&#13;\nresearcher herself in looking and finding the data and also analyzing the data.&#13;\nThis research reveals that the book contains eighteen character building&#13;\nvalues appear in the English textbook, with details, there are eighteen character&#13;\nvalues represented in pictorial data, and seventeen character building values&#13;\nrepresented in utterance data.&#13;\nThe representation of character building values in this textbook is less in&#13;\ngrammar framework. The picture and utterance are not specifically mention five&#13;\ncompetencies of communicative, linguistic, socio cultural, strategic, and discourse&#13;\ncompetence. Hence, the visual grammar is better to be introduced to student to&#13;\ndevelop their analytical skill. It is recommended to the next researcher with&#13;\nsimilar study to comprehend the character building values is integrated in&#13;\ngrammar framework.

Topic: Values and Moral Education
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Le Parc National Sahamalaza - Iles Radama serait-il l'ultime refuge pour certaines espèces de lémuriens du nord-ouest de Madagascar?

The Sahamalaza National Park - Radama Island may be the last Shelter for some Species of Lemurs of North-west Madagascar?. Most of the plant and animal species found in Madagascar have evolved in long isolation over the millennia. The level of endemism is very high and the island is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet. But Madagascar is also one of the world's most heavily impacted countries in terms of habitat destruction; 90% of the original vegetation has already been lost. The endemic primates of the island, the lemurs, are particularly affected by continuous deforestation and forest fragmentation. The island is considered by many international organizations as a priority for nature conservation. The first protected area was created in Madagascar in 1927 and the island has now a total of 47 protected areas. This paper recalls the history and the current status of the Sahamalaza – Radama islands National Park, located in northwest Madagascar. We focus particularly on two emblematic species of lemurians for the park; Eulemur flavifrons and Lepilemur sahamalazensis, as well as on the existing threats on the ecosystems. Several measures have been proposed in the Conservation Action Plan in order to improve the management of the park and long term survival of the species.

Topic: Primate Behavior and Ecology
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
How to apply comparative law to legal translation 1

Since the 1950's, translating legal texts has gained momentum in an increasingly globalised world. International organisations, the European Union, corporations, international and national courts, companies and private individuals have increasingly been relying on all types of legal translations. They include rules of law with most of them leading to legal consequences. How should the translator deal with legal texts? How to assess whether s/he is experienced enough to face the complexity of a semantic transfer when s/he translates texts from a source law to another target law? This chapter explains new advances in juritraductology (the science of translating legal texts) and gives examples of how they might be used in legal translation. The first phase is to highlight the specificities of a legal translation by suggesting a method for assessing its level of legal complexity. The second phase describes the 3-step methodology of a legal translation – a first semasiological step, a second step based on comparative law and a last onomasiological step – and is exemplified by examples taken from Common Law and the French law. Our demonstration combines legal theory and legal translation practice and aims at providing researchers, translators and teachers with the know-how needed to complete the entire translation process of a legal text.

Topic: Comparative and International Law Studies
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Methods of Blood Collection in the Mouse

for a wide variety of scientific studies, and there are a number of efficient methods available. It is important to remember that blood collection, because it can stress the animals, may have an impact on the outcome of research data. In addition, it is extremely important that those who collect blood become skilled in the techniques they employ, and seek to stress the mice as little as possible. Drawing from experience, personal communication, and published resources1-4, the following techniques are described: • Blood collection not requiring anesthesia: –Saphenous vein –Dorsal pedal vein • Blood collection requiring anesthesia: –Tail vein –Orbital sinus –Jugular vein • Terminal procedures: –Cardiac puncture –Posterior vena cava –Axillary vessels –Orbital sinus

Topic: Animal testing and alternatives
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Elderly Persons

Letters and Corrections15 November 1989Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Elderly PersonsM. G. Saklayen, MDM. G. Saklayen, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-10-854_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In a timely and much needed study, Dr. Murphy and colleagues (1) have evaluated the usefulness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts in the geriatric population. We also did a study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly, which, although smaller in scale, generated conclusions similar to those of Murphy and coworkers. In May 1988 we did an audit on the outcomes of all cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts done in our Veterans Administration Medical Center from October 1987 to April 1988. During these 7 months, 125 resuscitation efforts were done on 97 patients (some patients had cardiopulmonary resuscitation more than once);...Reference1. Murphy D, Murray A, Robinson B, and Campion E. Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:199-205. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. G. Saklayen, MDAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Wright State University School of Medicine Dayton, OH 45435 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIn-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Survival in 1 Hospital and Literature ReviewSurvival After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest of Noncritically Ill Patients 15 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 10Page: 854-854KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationElderlyGeriatricsResuscitation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The “Moral Codex” of a Researcher as a Bearer of Culture

All researchers have their own methods of conducting fieldwork and making available information on the culture they have studied. However, a researcher that is simultaneously a bearer of culture must follow at least three principal ethic rules: First, there is knowledge or information that could be available to anyone. Second, there is knowledge or information that the researcher is initiated into, but the researcher is not allowed by the informant to make it available to anyone. Third, there are prohibitions against sharing certain knowledge or information. My research object is a diaspora group and it therefore requires a special approach to fieldwork. *** Raziskovalci na številne načine in z različnimi metodami opravljajo terensko delo in omogočajo informacije o raziskovani kulturi. V vsakem primeru pa mora raziskovalec, ki je tudi sam nosilec kulture, slediti vsaj trem osnovnim etičnim pravilom: nekatere informacije so lahko dostopne komurkoli; določena znanja ali informacije lahko raziskovalec le selektivno objavi; nekaterih znanj ali informacij pa ni dovoljeno širiti. Avtorica raziskuje diasporo, ki zahteva poseben terenski pristop.

Topic: Diverse Musicological Studies
Subfield: Music
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Multipathway mechanism in arylolefin bromination: competition between tertiary and secondary carbocation pathways

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultipathway mechanism in arylolefin bromination: competition between tertiary and secondary carbocation pathwaysMarie Francoise Ruasse and Alain ArgileCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2, 202–208Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00150a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00150a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Topic: Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Using Relational Database Model in Cloud Computing

The advent of digital systems for the production and transmission of information decisively influences human progress and represents the future in any field of social life. In order to survive, organizations must correlate the objectives to the new trend of the society based on information, deeply marked by globalization. In recent years new computational paradigm were proposed and adopted. These include Cloud computing. Together with the stabilization of technologies related to Cloud computing, SQL databases have become more attractive due to native support for scalability and distributed architecture and the fact that many of these can be offered as services. The paper presents a few important aspects about cloud computing and proposed a new database designed to be implemented in cloud.Â We offer a new model and an example of implementing in Romanian medicine[1].Â [1] This is an extended paper of the article presented at The 15th International Conference on Informatics in Economy, Cluj-Napoca, 2016.

Topic: Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Clinical outcome of enhanced recovery after surgery for hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients].

ERAS for hemiarthroplasty can effectively shorten hospitalization time, relieve pain, reduce blood transfusion rate, reduce postoperative complications, and do not increase the readmission rate of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, which can achieve good clinical efficacy.

Topic: Hip and Femur Fractures
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Divergent Potentials for Cytoplasmic Inheritance within the Genus Syringa. A New Trait Associated with Speciogenesis

Abstract Epifluorescence microscopic detection of organelle DNA in the mature generative cell is a rapid method for determining the potential for the mode of cytoplasmic inheritance. We used this method to examine 19 of the known 22 to 27 species in the genus Syringa. Organelle DNA was undetectable in seven species, all in the subgenus Syringa, but was detected in the 12 species examined of the subgenera Syringa and Ligustrina. Therefore, species within the genus Syringa display differences in the potential cytoplasmic inheritance. Closer examination revealed that the mature generative cells of the species in which organelle DNA was detected contained both mitochondria and plastids, but cells of the species lacking detectable organelle DNA contained only mitochondria, and the epifluorescent organelle DNA signals from the mature generative cells corresponded to plastid DNA. In addition, semiquantitative analysis was used to demonstrate that, during pollen development, the amount of mitochondrial DNA decreased greatly in the generative cells of the species examined, but the amount of plastid DNA increased remarkably in the species containing plastids in the generative cell. The results suggest that all Syringa species exhibit potential maternal mitochondrial inheritance, and a number of the species exhibit potential biparental plastid inheritance. The difference between the modes of potential plastid inheritance among the species suggests different phylogenies for the species; it also supports recent conclusions of molecular, systematic studies of the Syringa. In addition, the results provide new evidence for the mechanisms of maternal mitochondrial inheritance in angiosperms.

Topic: Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences