jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol can differentially modulate gene expression in Dictyostelium.

We have previously shown that several genes expressed during Dictyostelium development could be induced in shaking culture by exogenous cAMP, even though the accumulation of intracellular cAMP was inhibited. The use of selected cAMP analogs indicated that the exogenous cAMP functioned by activating the cell surface cAMP receptor and not by interacting with the regulatory subunit of the intracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Although some genes in Dictyostelium appear to be regulated by intracellular cAMP, these data suggest that this is not the case for all genes regulated by cAMP. Intracellular second messengers other than cAMP may, therefore, promote the expression of these other genes. Here, we have examined inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as candidates for such mediators of signal transduction. We have studied three genes that exhibit disparate modes of temporal and spatial expression during development of Dictyostelium. In shaking cultures, maximal levels of expression of each are dependent on the accumulation of or exposure to extracellular cAMP. We show that the addition of inositol trisphosphate and/or diacylglycerol to cells in shaking culture has distinct effects on the expression of each gene and, under specific conditions, can bypass the requirement for extracellular cAMP. These data suggest that extracellular cAMP interacting with its cell surface receptor may promote synthesis of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol to regulate gene expression and aspects of differentiation in Dictyostelium.

Topic: Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Staff perceptions on the use of a sedation protocol in the intensive care setting

Sedation protocols are increasingly being investigated as a method of achieving improved patient outcomes whilst guiding the decision making of both nursing and medical practitioners. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the perceptions of staff towards a sedation protocol during its implementation. This study was designed to survey the perceptions of staff regarding the implementation of a sedation protocol in an Australian intensive care unit (ICU). Questionnaires were distributed to all multidisciplinary team members who had used the sedation protocol. The response rate was 50% (n=70). The questionnaire combined the use of visual analogue scales plus a comments section to obtain qualitative data. The results revealed that staff perceived sedation management to be enhanced with the use of a protocol and therefore should be incorporated into routine clinical practice. Staff perceived that providing clear guidelines that facilitated decision making and assisted beginner practitioners enhanced sedation management. In addition, there was a perceived improvement in the patient outcomes, including a decrease in the frequency of over-sedation resulting in a reduced ICU stay. Positive perceptions may assist in the introduction of other interventional protocols. Other protocols may target areas where variability in clinical decision making exists, despite research evidence that supports specific therapeutic interventions. Further studies addressing protocol implementation for clinical interventions are warranted in other ICU settings.

Topic: Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Subfield: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
L’impero britannico e la guerra europea.Sovversione e stabilizzazione lungo le frontiere occidentali del Raj indiano

In late nineteenth/early twentieth century, British India had to face a state of almost uninterrupted turmoil along its borders. At the outbreak of World War I, the problem rose to strategic relevance, especially in the light of the German efforts to destabilize Afghanistan. Since political, strategic and economic considerations conjured in excluding outright military occupation, local authorities had to develop a series of tools, from small-scale military intervention to more ambitious efforts aimed at integrating the local powers into the imperial security framework. Along the western borders of India, the treaty of Jacobabad (1876) had formally settled relations with Kalat (a semi-independent proto-state ruled by a Brahoi Khan of the Ahmadzai family) but it had also compromised the Raj to support a largely resented ruler. Situation proved the most intractable in Makran, where local headmen repeatedly tried to assert their independence. The advent of Sir John Ramsey as AGG and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan (1911) seemed breaking this vicious circle. Ramsey tried to modernize Kalat’s administration by containing the Khan’s autocracy; at the same time, he normalized the relations with Makrani sardars and recognized their role within the system of the imperial dignities. His efforts peaked at the eve of the conflict. Implementing a politics «of conciliatory intervention, tempered with lucrative employment and light taxation», he managed to re-establish both the Khan’s authority and the Khanate’s military stability on the base of a (largely apocryphal) “federal tradition” embodied in the so-called “Brahoi Constitution”. However, thissolution too proved inherently unstable. In 1915 violence spread out again, while the Baloch Camel Corps – the main symbol of Kalat’s newly found political harmony – ingloriously returned from Basra, where it was tasked to support the action of the ill-fated Indian Expeditionary Force D.

Topic: South Asian Studies and Conflicts
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Interests and Institutions in the Netherlands: An Assessment by the People and by Parliament

This article analyzes the background of the very dense and highly institutionalized network of interest groups in the Netherlands. This well-integrated system has recently come under some strain, as a large number of new action groups have sprung up next to the political parties and the older, more established interest groups. On the basis of surveys among members of the Dutch Parliaments in 1968 and 1972 and with a cross-section of the population in 1972, the article analyzes the relative influence—both actual and desired—which members of Parliament and the population ascribe to cabinet ministers, expert members of Parliament, civil servants and party executives; to the more important economic interest groups of employers, workers, farmers and retailers; to the churches; and to voters, action groups, newspapers, radio and tele vision and public opinion polls.

Topic: Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Electroproduction De Photons Et De Pions Sur Le Proton Au Quadrimoment De Transfert Q$^2$ = 1.0 Gev$^2$. Mesure Des Sections Efficaces Et Extraction Des Polarisabilites Generalisees

En physique hadronique, la structure du nucleon et le confinement des quarks sont des problemes toujours d'actualite. Les reactions d'electro-production de pions neutres et de difusion Compton virtuelle permettent d'acceder a de nouvelles observables decrivant cette structure. Ce travail porte sur l'experience de diffusion Compton virtuelle realisee a Jefferson Lab en 1998. Le faisceau d'electrons d'energie 4 GeV est envoye sur une cible cryogenique d'hydrogene, et l'electron et le proton difuses sont detectes en coincidence grâce aux deux spectrometres du Hall A. Le photon (pion) est detecte par une technique de particule manquante. L'analyse des donnees de cette experience a permis d'extraire les sections efficaces des deux processus au quadrimoment de transfert Q2=1 GeV2. La section efficace de diffusion Compton virtuelle a ete extraite pour la premiere fois dans la region des resonances du proton (W compris entre 1.0 et 2.0 GeV) par l'intermediaire de l'electroproduction de photon. Autour du seuil de production de pion jusqu'a la region de la resonance Delta(1232), ces resultats permettent de mesurer les polarisabilites generalisees, qui decrivent la structure du proton au meme titre que les facteurs de forme elastiques. De plus, la mesure de la section efficace d'electro-production de pions neutres dans la region des resonances a permis d'apporter des contraintes sur les modeles phenomenologiques existants.

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl)‐1,4‐phenylene oxides and related copolymers for high temperature adhesive application

Abstract Poly‐(2,6‐dimethyl)‐1,4‐phenylene oxides and related copolymers have been evaluated for high temperature adhesive applications. Because of the high‐melting character of these polymers, proper wetting was found to be difficult to achieve. Where such conditions can be obtained, good tensile strength values have been reached up to 600°F. The introduction of allyl group and epoxy group into such polymers provides sites for thermosetting. The fast setting rate of these groups, however, introduces difficulty in bonding procedure. Problems and ways to improve the initial bonding of specimens are discussed.

Topic: Synthesis and properties of polymers
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Antibody Targeting of Stem Cells to Infarcted Myocardium

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy for myocardial repair is limited by the number of stem cells that migrate to, engraft in, and proliferate at sites of injured myocardium. To alleviate this limitation, we studied whether a strategy using a bispecific antibody (BiAb) could target human stem cells specifically to injured myocardium and preserve myocardial function. Using a xenogeneic rat model whereby ischemic injury was induced by transient ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), we determined the ability of a bispecific antibody to target human CD34+ cells to specific antigens expressed in ischemic injured myocardium. A bispecific antibody comprising an anti-CD45 antibody recognizing the common leukocyte antigen found on HSCs and an antibody recognizing myosin light chain, an organ-specific injury antigen expressed by infarcted myocardium, was prepared by chemical conjugation. CD34+ cells armed and unarmed with this BiAb were injected intravenously in rats 2 days postmyocardial injury. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the armed CD34+ cells specifically localized to the infarcted region of the heart, colocalized with troponin T-stained cells, and colocalization with vascular structures. Compared to unarmed CD34+ cells, the bispecific antibody improved delivery of the stem cells to injured myocardium, and such targeted delivery was correlated with improved myocardial function 5 weeks after infarction (p &amp;lt; .01). Bispecific antibody targeting offers a unique means to improve the delivery of stem cells to facilitate organ repair and a tool to study stem cell biology.

Topic: Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
The normal approximation to the multinomial with an increasing number of classes

Abstract For a fixed number of classes and the number of trials increasing, the approach of the multinomial cumulative distribution function to a normal cumulative distribution function is familiar. In this paper we allow the number of classes to increase as the number of trials increases, and show that under certain circumstances the probabilities assigned to arbitrary regions by the multinomial distribution are all close to the probabilities assigned by the distribution of “rounded off” normal random variables. As the number of trials increases, the amount rounded off approaches zero. The result can be used to study the asymptotic distribution of functions of multinomial random variables.

Topic: Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Absorbed dose uncertainty estimation for proton therapy

Successful radiotherapy treatment depends on the absorbed dose evaluation and the possibility to define metrological characteristics of the therapy beam. Radiotherapy requires tumor dose delivery with expanded uncertainty less than ?5 %. It is particularly important to reduce uncertainty during therapy beam calibration as well as to apply all necessary ionization chamber correction factors. Absorbed dose to water was determined using ionometric method. Calibration was performed in reference cobalt beam. Combined standard uncertainty of the calculated absorbed dose to water in 65 MeV proton beam was ?1.97% while the obtained expanded uncertainty of absorbed dose for the same beam quality was ?5.02%. The uncertainty estimation method has been developed within the project TESLA.

Topic: Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Stochastic Framework for Predicting Microstructurally Small Fatigue Life of AA 7075-T651

This paper presents a methodology for modeling fatigue life across multiple length scales with AA 7075-T651 as the proof-test material. The paper builds on the work of DDSim [1], a next generation Damage and Durability SIMulator, which was conceived to address the limitations of current life prediction methodologies for structural components. Specifically, DDSIM was designed to address arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions of the affected component, to include the stochastics of fracture and crack growth, the physics of the damage process, and to automate the simulation process. DDSim is hierarchical: Level I provides an initial approximation of component life and identifies life limiting ‘hot-spot’ locations, Level II provides a high-fidelity prediction of microstructurally large life at ‘hot-spot’ locations, and Level III provides a high-fidelity prediction of microstructurally small life.

Topic: Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Subfield: Philosophy
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Juvenile Justice in Spain. Catalonia: At the Vanguard in Socio-Educative Intervention for Young Offenders

Journal Article Juvenile Justice in Spain. Catalonia: At the Vanguard in Socio-Educative Intervention for Young Offenders Get access MONTSERRAT GUASCH MONTSERRAT GUASCH Montserrat Guasch has a Ph.D. in Educational Science from the University of Barcelona. She is Lecturer in Educational Guidance and Educational Intervention for the Socially Inadaptive at Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, and Lecturer/tutor at Spain's Open University—the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Correspondence to Dr Montserrat Guasch, Departament de Pedagogia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, Apartat Correus 576, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 25, Issue 4, August 1995, Pages 499–511, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a056204 Published: 01 August 1995

Topic: Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Les effets de la politique de crédit sur le choix des investissements dans une industrie lourde

The macro-economic impacts of the credit policy on the decisions of the firms are \nown. Through a micro-economic model of linear programming the present study tries to throw some light on the relationship between the choice of investment and the range of loans offered by a bank. The originality of the model in addition to the fact that it covers several periods, is to include parameters depending on the financier's decisions. Thus the macro-economic impacts of a credit policy can be estimated for a region or for a branch. A simplified game model translating the experiences of the model of the firm takes the uncertainty of our knowledge into account and makes us choose a less risky solution. Finally, the problem of the optimal equilibrium between « heavy » and « light » investments can be approached in this model.

Topic: Economic theories and models
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
How to create and sustain an open and radical innovation capability in the fuzzy front end: the case of Vodafone Group R&amp;amp;D Germany and selected ongoing radical innovation projects

Research has increasingly addressed the question of which capabilities are required to manage Radical Innovation (RI), but so far, a common framework is missing. This paper develops an improved theoretical framework that enhances the existing literature and integrates the Open Innovation (OI) concept to support processes through accelerated learning, access to new capabilities and the creation of new markets. In a case study approach, we apply our framework to the German part of the Research and Development (R&D) unit of Vodafone Group R&D (VF Group R&D.DE). Analysing their RI capabilities in the fuzzy front end, we identified a new type of transdisciplinary exchange that integrates art and design in the RI process. Through cooperation with artists and designers, VF Group R&D.DE creates a transdisciplinary environment that influences the processes of idea creation and opportunity recognition, as well as the approaches to reduce uncertainties. In conclusion, management implications are derived from the theoretical findings.

Topic: Innovation, Technology, and Society
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Exploiting Task-Level Parallelism Automatically Using pTask

Existing systems supporting task-level parallelism often involve the process of task synchronization and/or task creation. Task synchronization requires specification of dependencies or dataflow constraints among tasks, or data usage information of tasks. This thesis describes a system called pTask which automatically detects and exploits tasklevel parallelism in sequential array-based C programs. The system is composed of two components: a compile-time analysis module and a run-time system. The input to the compile-time module is a sequential C program in which the programmer annotates procedures to be asynchronously invoked as tasks. The output is a parallel program containing constructs for the creation and coordination of parallel tasks. pTask utilizes current compile technology to statically extract data usage information of tasks, and uses this information at run-time to dynamically detect and enforce data dependencies among tasks in order to exploit parallelism. A prototype of pTask has been implemented on a KSR1 multiprocessor. Experimental results show the system to be efficient and effective for many applications.

Topic: Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kelly Lindley -- 2016-02-18

The purpose of Friends of Marshall Public Library Oral History Project is to gather and preserve historical events and memories of the Marshall, Illinois area residents through recordings, interviews, and photos. Oral History interviews were conducted by Friends of the Library volunteers, community volunteers, and library staff.

Topic: Magnetic confinement fusion research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions that can result in end stage liver disease. NAFLD patients when compared to control subjects have a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis which is independent of obesity and other established risk factors. Recent studies have identified NAFLD as a risk factor for early subclinical abnormalities in myocardial metabolism as well as in cardiac structure and function. In particular, it has been shown that NAFLD is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function.
	The Objective: the aim of this study is to assess left ventricular diastolic function in NAFLD patients.
	Patients and Methods: the study included thirty Egyptian NAFLD patients their age between 20 and 45 years old, and twenty healthy control subjects who were age and sex matched. Full medical history, complete physical examination and laboratory tests were done in form of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, hemoglobin A1C, creatinine, urea and CBC. Abdominal ultrasonography and transthoracic echocardiography also were done.
	Results: NAFLD patients had higher diastolic blood pressures, increased body mass indices, ALT, AST and glycated hemoglobin A1C more than controls.  Also in our study the mean of E, E/A ratio, DT, lateral E/e? and septal E/e? is significant higher in NAFLD patients than control group. The mean of lateral e? and septal e? is lower in NAFLD patients than control group.
	Conclusion: patients with NAFLD had significant impairment on diastolic function in the non-diabetic and normotensive NAFLD patients compared to the controls as measured by two-dimensional echocardiography Doppler imaging in addition to tissue Doppler imaging.

Topic: Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Research and Design of Small-Engine LPG Motorcycle Fuel System

By the analysis and comparison of LPG motorcycle and LPG automobile, the similarities and differences of them are expounded. Based on the components and structure of LPG automobile fuel system, the LPG motorcycle gas phase positive pressure fuel system and LPG motorcycle liquid phase positive pressure fuel system are designed, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. The engine cylinder cover is enhanced and setted maze channels, so the liquid state LPG can be pre-heated using the remaind head of engine before enter the decompressor, the frozen of decompressor is solved effectively. The road trial and testing show that the LPG motorcycle liquid positive pressure fuel system is simple in structure, stabilize and reliable, the comprehensive performance can satisfied the demand of national standard.

Topic: Vehicle emissions and performance
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Influence of Proximity Between Modes in the Reduction of Vibrations in Structures Through Absorbers

The reductions of vibrations in structures through the addition of passive systems such as absorbers, custom named TMD (Tuned Mass Damper), have been studied by several authors in recent decades. However it has been more stimulated to study the efficiency of these devices by a model that represents the structure by a one degree of freedom mechanical system. This hypothesis is generally valid, since the natural frequency of the mode to be controlled is sufficiently spaced from the adjacent natural frequencies of the structure. Insofar as the degree of structural complexity increases, this assumption becomes less realistic. 
The aim of this paper is to investigate the behavior of a structure added by one or more absorbers which has as a dynamical characteristic closely spaced natural frequencies. It was implemented in Fortran a modal analysis program considering non-proportional damping using the IRAM (Implicit restarted Arnoldi Method) to solve the quadratic eigenvalue problem. Analyses were conducted on an aluminum plate modeled by finite element varying the length / width ratio in order to evaluate the interference of modes in the calibration of the absorbers. These tests show that the interaction between the modes produced by absorbers and adjacent modes affect the efficiency of absorption.

Topic: Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences