jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endothelial Alteration in Patients with Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Abstract Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), having a direct effect in promoting the progression and rupture of vulnerable coronary plaques. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers and the type of ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction – STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction – NSTEMI, or unstable angina – UA) in patients with confirmed heart failure. Material and Methods: This study included a total of 266 patients admitted to the Clinical Department of Cardiology of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Târgu Mureș – Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for ACS of various types (UA, NSTEMI or STEMI) between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020, in whom the diagnosis of heart failure was established based on clinical and paraclinical data. From the total number of patients, 36 were hospitalized for UA and 230 for MI, of which 165 were STEMI and 65 were NSTEMI. Results: Only hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in MI compared to UA. Mean hs-CRP was 4.9 ± 4.5 mg/mL in patients with UA vs. 20.4 ± 42.2 mg/mL in patients with MI (p = 0.001), and mean IL-6 was 7.2 ± 13.8 pg/mL in UA vs. 31.6 ± 129.2 pg/mL in MI (p &lt;0.0001). ICAM seems to have had a greater discriminating power between STEMI and other types of ACS in those with heart failure, having a value more than double in those with STEMI (216.1 ± 149.6 ng/mL vs. 448.2 ± 754.4 ng/mL, p &lt;0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with heart failure, the increase of inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP is associated with the development of an acute myocardial infarction but not with its type. Adhesion molecules, especially ICAM, are elevated in patients with STEMI compared to other types of ACS, indicating a potential role of endothelial alteration in the development of an ACS when it adds to systemic inflammation linked to heart failure.

Topic: Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Categorization of Hepatitis B Infected Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre, Puducherry

Hepatitis B infection is a common disease worldwide. Hepatitis B is one of the leading cause of malignancy and cirrhosis of liver. The diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is mainly made through detection of serological markers. Our study aimed to detect presence of Hepatitis B Precore Antigen (HBeAg) and Antibodies to Hepatitis B core Antigen (HBcAg) among Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive samples detected in Microbiology laboratory during the study period. HBeAg, Total Anti HBc and Anti HBcIgM was detected using ELISA (DIA.PRO – ITALY) and patients were categorized based on presence of HBeAg, Total Anti HBc and Anti HBcIgM. Out of 180 samples tested positive for HBsAg, majority belonged to the age group of 41-60 years. With regard to gender, males were found to be majority and four percent were antenatal women. HBeAg was found in 20.6% patients indicating high infectivity. Out of 180 samples, 9.45% were found to have acute infection and 90.55% were with chronic infection. Among the patients with acute infection, 58.8% had high infectivity whereas in patients with chronic infection 16.56% had high infectivity. HBV Screening and categorization of positive patients are important to prevent chronic hepatitis, its complications among infected patients and to reduce the transmission of HBV in the community.

Topic: Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A probabilistic airport capacity model for improved ground delay program planning

Weather uncertainty is a major cause of unnecessary delays within the National Airspace System (NAS). In particular, the high uncertainty in terminal area weather forecasts combined with the uncertain correlation between weather and airport capacity makes the task of planning strategic traffic management initiatives such as ground delay programs (GDPs) very difficult. At the twelve airports in the NAS with the most GDPs issued during 2008 and 2009, weather-related GDPs were canceled an average of 95 minutes earlier than the initially scheduled GDP end time and, when GDP revisions were issued, nearly two hours earlier than the revised GDP end time. As part of NextGen, the FAA and NASA are researching methods for reducing the negative impact of weather on the NAS and exploring ways to improve collaborative air traffic management (CATM) processes through increased automation and improved decision support tools (DSTs). This paper introduces the Weather Translation Model for GDP Planning (WTMG), a statistical model for translating weather forecasts into probabilistic arrival capacity predictions over a strategic time horizon of up to twelve hours. The model is self-training and independent of forecast product. With a sufficiently large historical data set, the model is able to build probability distributions for the airport arrival rate (AAR) in future time intervals conditioned on weather forecasts and the current state of the airport. These distributions are sampled to build probabilistic capacity scenarios with the end goal of providing inputs for CATM DSTs for GDP planning. Two versions of WTMG are presented: static WTMG samples independently at time interval; dynamic WTMG draws sample capacity vectors that are dependent across time intervals. Each version of the model is demonstrated using each of two distinct forecast products: the Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) and the Localized Aviation Model Output Statistical Program (LAMP).

Topic: Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Existential problems of identity in contemporary foreign gerontopsychology: results of the analysis of studies over the past five years

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of contemporary foreign concepts about the existential problems of the personality of the elderly and senile ages. Taking into account the results of theoretical analysis, the article reveals the modern psychological theories and concepts of solving current existential problems by the aging persons, such as: the search for the meaning of their existence and the existence of mankind as a whole, the problem of freedom and responsibility for one's own life, an attitude towards death as an existential fact, experience of existential isolation.

Topic: Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Experimental testing of a helical rotor for compost distribution

It is well known that a manure spreader must be able to apply manure consistently, effectively and uniformly over the time. An overapplying doze will cause serios environmental problems (pollution) and a sub-applying doze will not contribute to plants growth and the applying of the fertilizer will be a loss. Corroborate with others problems such as maintaining a constant tractor speed, a constant rotational speed of the rotor, a constant and continuous flow of the material make the manure spreading machines an important subject for study and continuously improving . The propose of this study is to test a vertical helicoidal rotor for manure spreading in order to improve the machine distribution uniformity. The relation between the rotor position and rotation sense is a definitory issue for the machine performance. In order to achieve a high distribution uniformity a single helical rotor is tested and a series of possible situations of placing four rotors on the machine are analyzed. The optimal solution is given by two indicators: uniformity of spreading and distribution width. The test were made with an helical rotor having the following characteristics: high=1,1 m, maximum diameter of helical spiral=0.345 m, minimum diameter of the helical spiral= 0.114m, helical pitch=0.3m, inclination angle = 15°. After analyzing four possible situations it is observe that the combination of the maximum uniformity with minimum distribution with is the optimal solution. Experimental were carried out with compost and can be repeatable with others type of solid organic fertilizers, but a new calibration should be done. It is desirable that a trapezoidal, oval or triangle pattern with uniform sloping sides to be achieved. Because most of the spreaders actually produce an oval or triangle distribution pattern it is necessary subsequent passes that increase the time for fertilization operation.

Topic: Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sorghum and millets commodity and research environments.

Sorghum and millets are strategic commodities for worldwide food security, particularly in the harsh environments of the semi-arid tropics. This volume outlines the production and research environment of these crops in each major region, and seeks to provide a guide to the research required to achieve sustained improvements in production.

Topic: Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Dynamik statt Stillstand: Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen als Schlüssel für Wachstum

Abstract The current debate on sluggish growth in Europe largely ignores labour market dynamics. Based on a comparison of productivity trends and IT investment in the US and Europe, we investigate how rigid labour market institutions can hamper the economy’s ability to adapt. Especially in times of technological upheaval, labour market flexibility is an important driver of growth that enables disruptive innovation. We argue for more research on the growth effects of labour market institutions and for policies that enable employees to be more mobile and adaptable.

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Stability of cephapirin sodium admixtures after freezing and conventional or microwave thaw techniques.

The freeze-microwave thaw technique has important advantages compared with conventional piggyback delivery systems. A requirement for the implementation of this technique, however, is the documentation of antibiotic stability following freezing and microwave thawing. The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of a commonly used cephalosporin, cephapirin sodium, following freezing and conventional or microwave thawing. This data was not previously available. Cephapirin sodium was admixed with either 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinylchloride minibags at concentrations of 10 and 40 mg/ml and then frozen for 14 days. Admixtures were then thawed conventionally or by microwave heating. Cephapirin concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically after reconstitution, immediately after thawing, and 6, 12, and 24 hours after thawing. No significant differences in admixture potency after reconstitution, immediately after thawing, or at 6, 12, and 24 hours after thawing were observed when thaw techniques were compared. All admixtures retained at least 90% of labeled content regardless of thaw technique, type of diluent, or initial concentration. In addition, all admixtures retained at least 90% potency 24 hours after thawing when compared with the actual concentration determined immediately after reconstitution. The rate of cephapirin degradation was not influenced by thaw technique, type of diluent, or initial admixture concentration. The results of this study suggest that cephapirin sodium may be added to the list of drugs capable of withstanding freeze-microwave thaw treatment.

Topic: Protein purification and stability
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Hybrid Electrically Conductive Hydrogels with Local Nerve Growth Factor Release Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

It is challenging to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) clinically. As the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, autologous nerve grafting remains a critical limitation, including tissue availability, donor-site morbidity, immune rejection, <i>etc</i>. Recently, conductive hydrogels (CHs) have shown potential applications in neural bioengineering due to their good conductivity, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Herein, a hybrid electrically conductive hydrogel composed of acrylic acid derivatives, gelatin, and heparin with sustained nerve growth factor (NGF) release property was developed. The rat sciatic nerve injury (SNI) model (10 mm long segment defect) was used to investigate the efficacy of these hydrogel conduits in facilitating peripheral nerve repair. The results showed that the hydrogel conduits had excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In addition, NGF immobilized in the hydrogel conduits had good sustained release characteristics. Finally, functional recovery and electrophysiological evaluations, together with histological analysis, indicated that the hydrogel conduits immobilizing NGF had superior effects on motor recovery, axon growth, and remyelination, thereby significantly accelerating the repairing of the sciatic nerve. This study demonstrated that hybrid electrically conductive hydrogels with local NGF release could be effectively used for PNI repair.

Topic: Nerve injury and regeneration
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
When More Seems Less - Non-Spatial Clustering in Numerosity Estimation

How is numerosity estimation affected by additional structural information in visual displays? Two experiments investigated if the linking of dots by line segments, thereby forming clusters of polygons, leads to an underestimation effect similar to that observed in classical experiments on clustering by spatial proximity. Our findings confirmed such an underestimation effect for non-spatial clustering. In addition, the relative magnitude of the underestimation increased along with the number of objects and with cluster size. Finally, we observed that the presence of an equivalent number of line segments as in the previous condition, however unaligned with the dots, reduced the underestimation effect to a constant relative magnitude

Topic: Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Vinblastine VS. nitrogen mustard therapy of Hodgkin's disease

In a randomized study, nitrogen mustard therapy resulted in objective responses in 80% compared to 73% with vinblastine in 27 patients with disseminated stage III or IV Hodgkin's disease; all these patients received full courses of both drugs. Unmaintained median remission with either drug was 2.5 months from the time of maximum response. The stage of disease and type of manifestation did not influence response rates and those previously given chemotherapy responded similarly to those who had had no such therapy. Both drugs are highly effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and the superiority of one over the other could not be demonstrated. Nitrogen mustard given in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, for 4 days was suggestively, but not statistically, superior to 0.2 mg/kg given for 2 days. The sequence of drug administration was of importance. The response to therapy was significantly better when nitrogen mustard was given first followed by vinblastine, with an 89% response vs. a 65% response rate with the reverse order of drugs.

Topic: Chemotherapy-related skin toxicity
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Improving Vibrational\nSpectroscopy Prospects in Frontline\nClinical Diagnosis: Fourier Transform Infrared on Buccal Mucosa Cancer

We report a novel\nmethod with higher than 90% accuracy\nin diagnosing\nbuccal mucosa cancer. We use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic\nanalysis of human serum by suppressing confounding high molecular\nweight signals, thus relatively enhancing the biomarkers’ signals.\nA narrower range molecular weight window of the serum was also investigated\nthat yielded even higher accuracy on diagnosis. The most accurate\nresults were produced in the serum’s 10–30 kDa molecular\nweight region to distinguish between the two hardest to discern classes,\ni.e., premalignant and cancer patients. This work promises an avenue\nfor earlier diagnosis with high accuracy as well as greater insight\ninto the molecular origins of these signals by identifying a key molecular\nweight region to focus on.

Topic: Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Subfield: Biophysics
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

Abstract Background: Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus , GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistance and virulence genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women. Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from 420 vaginal samples collected from HIV positive and negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods and molecular identification testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method and E-test strips. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0. Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified and hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) was common. The virulence genes identified were namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). High resistance to tetracycline 97.7% (42/43) was reported followed by 72.1% (31/43) cefazolin, 69.8% (30/43) penicillin G, 58.1% (25/43) ampicillin, 55.8% (24/43) clindamycin, 46.5% (20/43) ceftriaxone, 34.9% (15/43) chloramphenicol, and 30.2% (13/43) for both erythromycin and vancomycin using disk diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes among the resistant and intermediate-resistant isolates showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded 9.3% (4/43). Conclusion: The study showed high prevalence of hly, scpB, bca and rib virulence genes in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. Multi-drug resistance coupled with the recovery of resistant isolates to antimicrobial agents such as penicillins indicates the importance of GBS surveillance and susceptibility tests. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

Topic: Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Microscopic versus endoscopic approaches for craniopharyngiomas: choosing the optimal surgical corridor for maximizing extent of resection and complication avoidance using a personalized, tailored approach

Resection remains the mainstay of treatment for craniopharyngiomas with the goal of radical resection, if safely possible, to minimize the rate of recurrence. Endoscopic endonasal and microscopic transcranial surgical approaches have both become standard methods for the treatment for craniopharyngiomas. However, the approach selection paradigm for craniopharyngiomas is still a point of discussion. Choosing the optimal surgical approach can play a significant role in maximizing the extent of resection and surgical outcome while minimizing the risks of potential complications. Craniopharyngiomas can present with a variety of different sizes, locations, and tumor consistencies, and each individual tumor has distinct features that favor one specific approach over another. The authors review standard cranial base techniques applied to craniopharyngioma surgery, using both the endoscopic endonasal approach and traditional open microsurgical approaches, and analyze factors involved in approach selection. They discuss their philosophy of approach selection based on the location and extent of the tumor on preoperative imaging as well as the advantages and limitations of each surgical corridor, and they describe the operative nuances of each technique, using a personalized, tailored approach to the individual patient with illustrative cases and videos.

Topic: Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Urethral Strictures: Is This the Future? A Review of the Current Literature

Urethral strictures significantly impact patients’ quality of life, with endoscopic treatments such as direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) and dilatation showing high recurrence rates. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment, which delivers paclitaxel locally after dilation, is an innovative, minimally invasive approach aimed at reducing fibrosis and stricture recurrence. Paclitaxel’s antiproliferative and antifibrotic properties inhibit excessive collagen deposition, improving long-term outcomes. DCB treatment is now included in guidelines for managing recurrent bulbar strictures less than 3 cm in length. Recent studies, including the ROBUST trials, have demonstrated the efficacy of Optilume in improving the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax). DCB has also shown a significant reduction in reintervention rates compared with endoscopic treatments in long-term studies, confirming its safety profile. However, the durability of DCB in complex or longer strictures remains uncertain, and its role as a salvage therapy post-urethroplasty requires further investigation. DCB represents a promising, cost-effective advancement in managing recurrent bulbar urethral strictures, particularly for patients unsuitable for urethroplasty. Future research should focus on refining patient selection criteria and exploring indications for other anatomical sites.

Topic: Urological Disorders and Treatments
Subfield: Urology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Tantillita lintoni: Acevedo, M., Ariano-Sánchez, D., Campbell, J., Johnson, J. &amp; Muñoz-Alons, A.

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.

Topic: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
Subfield: Cell Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences