jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teens.Library: Developing Internet Services for Young Adults

With busy lives and overloaded schedules, teens have little discretionary time. To compete with other information and entertainment sources, libraries must meet and even exceed the high expectations of today's savvy young adults when it comes to library services. Because teenagers are Internet enthusiasts of the first order, one sure-fire way to do that is through teen-friendly online services and Websites. Children's and young adult specialist Linda Braun has studied the developmental needs and interests of young adults. With credible evidence supporting their love affair with the Internet, she shares proven and innovative strategies - including getting teens involved in the process - that you can use to harness that interest via Web-based services. By getting teens in the library to check out your Web services, you're halfway there in turning them into lifelong library users. In Teens.library, you'll find answers to key questions such as: * Why do teenagers like the Internet? * What do teenagers look for in a Website (e-mail service, games, homework help, shopping, chat rooms, book recommendations?) * Are there ways to provide traditional library services with teen appeal via the Internet? * What are the technical considerations for incorporating new technologies? With ready-to-use tools, you can hit the ground running with: * 40 critical factors for young people's growth and development * Examples of teen-driven library Websites (including NYPL's Wordsmiths Website, a teen writing submission forum) * Planning and project management advice * Evaluation and statistics gathering information * Site maintenance tips Library Websites and services must integrate teen-friendly technology, content, and attitude or risk losing an entire generation of potential library customers. Every young adult specialist, youth services librarian, school library media specialist, and technology specialist can use this exceptional guide to get teens to think of the library as the place to be.

Topic: Web and Library Services
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Visual feature processing in a large stroke cohort: evidence against modular organization

Abstract Mid-level visual processing represents a crucial stage between basic sensory input and higher-level object recognition. The conventional model posits that fundamental visual qualities, such as colour and motion, are processed in specialized, retinotopic brain regions (e.g. V4 for colour, MT/V5 for motion). Using atlas-based lesion–symptom mapping and disconnectome maps in a cohort of 307 ischaemic stroke patients, we examined the neuroanatomical correlates underlying the processing of eight mid-level visual qualities. Contrary to the predictions of the standard model, our results did not reveal consistent relationships between processing impairments and damage to traditionally associated brain regions. Although we validated our methodology by confirming the established relationship between visual field defects and damage to primary visual areas (V1, V2 and V3), we found no reliable evidence linking processing deficits to specific regions in the posterior brain. These findings challenge the traditional modular view of visual processing and suggest that mid-level visual processing might be more distributed across neural networks than previously thought. This supports alternative models where visual maps represent constellations of co-occurring information rather than specific qualities.

Topic: Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Time bounded adaptive information coverage in social networks

In this paper, we study the time-bounded adaptive information coverage problem with myopic feedback (TBAIC) under a variant of the independent cascade (IC) model. In practical applications, time or deadline is a critical factor to evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy. Along this line, with considering deadline [Formula: see text], we sequentially select [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) nodes as seed nodes, one at a time step, from a social network, and after a seed is selected at step [Formula: see text], it reveals the set of its activated neighbors, which will be valuable information for selecting subsequent seeds. On the other hand, during information propagation, if an active node fails to activate its neighbors, though not become active, those neighbors will know the information and may become active at a later step, we name them as covered nodes. In terms of information coverage, those covered nodes also make contributions. Therefore, our problem aims to choose a policy to maximize the expected cumulative number of both active and covered nodes throughout the time within deadline. We prove that our problem is adaptive monotone and adaptive submodular, which guarantees the adaptive greedy policy with myopic feedback to achieve an approximation ratio of [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we propose two algorithms to speed up the greedy policy.

Topic: Caching and Content Delivery
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Topological Framework for Training Latent Variable Models

We discuss the properties of a class of latent variable models that assumes each labeled sample is associated with a set of different features, with no prior knowledge of which feature is the most relevant feature to be used. Deformable-Part Models (DPM) can be seen as good examples of such models. These models are usually considered to be expensive to train and very sensitive to the initialization. In this paper, we focus on the learning of such models by introducing a topological framework and show how it is possible to both reduce the learning complexity and produce more robust decision boundaries. We will also argue how our framework can be used for producing robust decision boundaries without exploiting the dataset bias or relying on accurate annotations. To experimentally evaluate our method and compare with previously published frameworks, we focus on the problem of image classification with object localization. In this problem, the correct location of the objects is unknown, during both training and testing stages, and is considered as a latent variable.

Topic: Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Electrochemical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Alkanethiols Adsorbed on Palladium Surfaces

The self-assembly of alkanethiolate monolayers on palladium substrates and their stability in aqueous solutions have been studied by electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Alkanethiols adsorb on Pd from ethanolic solutions forming a complex interface which consists of thiolates onto a diluted palladium sulfide interphase, with surface coverages θ&lt;sub&gt;Sulfide&lt;/sub&gt; ≈ 0.4 and θ&lt;sub&gt;thiolate&lt;/sub&gt; ≈ 0.30, respectively. These complex adlayers exhibit hydrocarbon chain-length dependent barrier properties like those formed on Au and Ag substrates. For short chain alkanethiols, thiolates are more stable against reductive desorption than self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au, Ag, and Ni. The increased stability of the organic species seems to be related to the presence of the diluted sulfide layer that also explains the chain length independence of the stability potential range. The stability of these monolayers in aqueous solutions indicates that Pd is a suitable platform for thiolate-based devices such as sensors and biosensors. These results also suggest that electrochemical cleaning should be a simple way to prepare metallic nanoparticles from thiol-capped Pd nanoparticles adsorbed on conducting substrates.

Topic: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
An energy-harvesting stamp-sized reader for distance-immune interrogation of passive wireless sensors

Fully passive sensors (FPS) consist of a sensing element <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{s}}$</tex> or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{C}_{2}$</tex> in Fig. 1) and an inductor forming an RLC tank. Compared to legacy sensors (NFC, BLE, RFID), FPSs offer a simple chipless solution with battery-free operation and extremely low cost for scenarios such as implantable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and stretchable applications where legacy sensors cannot be deployed. Typically, sensor measurement is performed through near-field inductive coupling (NFIC) of a reader coil to the sensor with the goal of measuring <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{s}}$</tex> or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{C}_{2}$</tex> (Fig. 1). Unlike the sensor, the reader remains the bottleneck due to its large size, high power consumption and distance-dependency of the results due to NFIC and may require extensive calibration. As such, existing readers [1]–[4] are not well-suited for handheld low-power operation with non-fixed readout distance. We utilize the properties of coupled resonators and a dual-mode LC-VCO as the reader to address the challenges discussed above for resistive FPS measurement.

Topic: Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Sensitivity enhancement using annealed polymer optical-fibre-based sensors for pressure sensing applications

Thermal annealing can be used to induce a permanent negative Bragg wavelength shift for polymer fibre grating sensors and it was originally used for multiplexing purposes. Recently, researchers showed that annealing can also provide additional benefits, such as strain and humidity sensitivity enhancement and augmented temperature operational range. The annealing process can change both the optical and mechanical properties of the fibre. In this paper, the annealing effects on the stress and force sensitivities of PMMA fibre Bragg grating sensors are investigated. The incentive for that investigation was an unexpected behaviour observed in an array of sensors which were used for liquid level monitoring. One sensor exhibited much lower pressure sensitivity and that was the only one that was not annealed. To further investigate the phenomenon, additional sensors were photo-inscribed and characterised with regard their stress and force sensitivities. Then, the fibres were annealed by placing them in hot water, controlling with that way the humidity factor. After annealing, stress and force sensitivities were measured again. The results show that the annealing can improve the stress and force sensitivity of the devices. This can provide better performing sensors for use in stress, force and pressure sensing applications.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Prevalence and recurrence of urinary tract and genital infections among adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population: a longitudinal cohort study

Background: This study estimated the prevalence, recurrence, and predisposing factors of self-reported urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital infections among adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: In the US Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) 2008 survey, respondents reported how many times in the past 12 months they had a UTI or genital infection.T2DM respondents were compared with respondents who did not have diabetes (No DM).T2DM respondents who reported 3 or more infections were classified as having recurrent infections and were compared with T2DM respondents who reported 1-2 infections (non-recurrent infections) and those without infections.Results: The prevalence rate of UTI was 184.4/1000 for T2DM and 127.8/1000 for No DM among women (p <0.001), and 50.9/1000 for T2DM and 33.9/1000 for No DM among men (p = 0.02).Odds of experiencing a UTI were 1.5 times higher among T2DM respondents than No DM respondents.For T2DM respondents with UTI, 23% reported recurrent UTIs, largely among women.Predictors of recurrent UTIs compared with no UTIs in women were overactive bladder, kidney problems, atherosclerosis, and COPD.Among men, the prevalence rate of balanitis was 41.8/1000 for T2DM and 19.2/1000 for No DM (p <0.01).Prevalence rate of vaginitis was 172.6/1000 for T2DM and 125.0/1000 for No DM (p <0.01).Odds of vaginitis were 1.9 and balanitis were 2.3 times higher among T2DM than no DM respondents.Among T2DM women with vaginitis, 30% reported recurrent vaginitis.Lower education, receiving oral anti-diabetic drugs plus insulin, and atherosclerosis predicted recurrent vaginitis compared with non-recurrent vaginitis.Conclusions: UTIs and genital infections were more prevalent with T2DM than among respondents without diabetes.Recurrent infections occur in approximately 23%-30% of adults.Select characteristics may assist in identifying those likely to have self-reported recurrent infections.

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections Management
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Relation of RV Function to Presence and Degree of Systemic Hypertension

Hypertension is an important non-communicable disease in Africa. It is the most important cardiovascular risk factor. The effect of hypertension on left ventricle has been documented for long time, but sparse and consistent evidence shows an impact of hypertension on the right ventricle. The RV can be studied with many imaging and functional modalities. In clinical practice, echocardiography is the mainstay of evaluation of RV structure and function. Aim of this study was to analyze impact of presence and severity of systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) on right ventricular function measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography. For this aim we included sixty consecutive patients from outpatient clinics and thirty healthy age and sex matched individuals and made a full 2D and tissue doppler study for the RV and compared results for non-hypertensives, stage 1 and stage 2 hypertensives. Doppler data obtained at the tricuspid valve showed statistically significant results regarding E, E/A, DT and IVRT correlating the presence and degree of hypertension with RV diastolic function (p<0.001). The current study demonstrated that RV diastolic dysfunction not only is an early marker that is correlated to presence of systemic arterial hypertension but also showed it to be a marker of its severity and degree of control as conveyed by stage of hypertension.

Topic: Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Review: <i>The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa</i>

Book Review| December 01 2022 Review: The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa Michelle Apotsos The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, 304 pp., 30 b/w illus. $99.99 (cloth), ISBN 9781108473347 Nasser Rabbat Nasser Rabbat Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2022) 81 (4): 526–528. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2022.81.4.526 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nasser Rabbat; Review: The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 December 2022; 81 (4): 526–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2022.81.4.526 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search “Islamic Africa” is a code word with a heavy history that still affects the perception of the continent today. The term implies another Africa that is not Islamic, one that is, in the minds of many, the authentic Africa. Islam’s fourteen centuries of active presence in the northern half of the continent and its modern spread to the south have not indigenized it enough for the Africa purists. They still see it as imported and imposed on Africa without reaching its heart. Yet Islam’s expressions in the vernacular cultures of (Islamic) Africa confirm its robust rootedness in all aspects of life, from eating, dressing, and dwelling to learning, ruling, and, of course, worshipping. This simple fact forms the implicit framework of Michelle Apotsos’s latest book, The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa, in which the use of “Islamic Africa” is tacitly aimed at debunking the binary of native/foreign. Apotsos’s tool... You do not currently have access to this content.

Topic: Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in India due to Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli

The emergence of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) as a causative agent of diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in humans is a significant public health concern worldwide. Here we describe a case of HUS following dysentery due to STEC. Though STEC is not a major cause of diarrhoea in India, we recommend that STEC should be looked for in all cases of bloody diarrhoea. To our knowledge, this is the first case of HUS caused by STEC in India.

Topic: Escherichia coli research studies
Subfield: Endocrinology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Widespread cellular proliferation and focal neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury in the rat

Purpose: A proliferation of stem/progenitor cells is observed after brain injury. We examined the regional and temporal profile of mitotically active cells to determine whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) would increase neurogenesis in selective brain regions. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received injections (IP) of 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a compound used to detect mitotic cells, before and after fluid-percussion brain injury. At 3 hr, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after moderate fluid percussion, brains were processed for immunocytochemical and confocal analysis. Sections were double-labeled for markers selective for neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), olidgodendrocytes (CNPase and MBP) and macrophage/microglia (ED1). Results: At 3 hr post-trauma, the majority of BrdU labeled cells were associated with the subventricular zone of the traumatized hemisphere. At later time points, a significant increase in BrdU positive cells was observed throughout the traumatized cerebral cortex, hippocampus, white matter structures, and some contralateral regions. BrdU labeled cells were observed as late as 14 days post-injury. Double-label studies with confocal microscopy demonstrated that cell phenotypes including astrocytes, macrophage/microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons were BrdU positive with the majority of cells appearing glial in nature. Evidence for neurogenesis was seen in the granular cell layer of the hippocampus. Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI stimulates widespread cellular proliferation for days after injury and results in focal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These cellular responses to injury may participate in brain repair and functional recovery.

Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Subfield: Developmental Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Герменевтические подступы к русской литературе

The article is devoted to the search for a new space in the methodological studies on Russian literature. The author takes as its basis the method of hermeneutics of words by Vardan Hayrapetyan. Especially the basic categories such as the world man (homo mundi), the Other and its variants: the self (rus. самость), otherness (rus. дру­гость), the alien (rus. чужесть) and two triads, which postulate two types of intellectual situations. In this regard, the author identifies the concept of the hybrid man of the hero of Russian literature in which a small person is a representative of an impersonal collective personality of the world man, home, family, ideas, etc. The author demonstrates the type of a hybrid man on the example of the protagonist of the novel by Vasily Shukshin Stepan Razin.

Topic: Discourse Analysis and Cultural Communication
Subfield: Cultural Studies
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
OBDD-based reliability evaluation for power communication networks

The current stability assessments for communication network mostly use the static model without effectively taking common cause failure (CCF) into consideration. This paper has proposed an assessment method based on CCF. This method has taken the advantage of the high computational efficiency of ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD). The method determines the order of variables with the help of breadth-first search (BFS)), and then it uses the factorization to construct the OBDD structure of the network. The reliability expression of the fault independent case is obtained through the OBDD structure. Finally, the network reliability expression can be obtained via implicit substitution. This method is easy to use and experiment shows that this method evaluates the reliability of network more objectively.

Topic: Software Reliability and Analysis Research
Subfield: Software
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Eviota brahmi Greenfield & Tornabene 2014

Eviota brahmi Greenfield & Tornabene 2014 —Brahm's dwarfgoby Status at New Ireland. Originally described from New Hanover by Greenfield & Tornabene (2014: 140), based on WAM P.33813.002 (holotype). CAS and WAM material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1.—General distribution: endemic to Papua New Guinea, known only from Milne Bay, D'Entrecastaux Islands, Madang, Hermit Islands and New Hanover. Found in coral reef habitats, 12–20 m depth. Marine.

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences