jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the skin effect approximation

A simple derivation is presented for the classical skin effect approximation in a good conductor of general shape. The requirements for the validity of the approximation are clearly presented. While two of these requirements are often stated, the third, which is a restriction on the variation of field along the surface of the conductor, is seldom mentioned in intermediate level textbooks on electromagnetism. The requirements are illustrated with a few simple examples.

Topic: Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Evaluation of analgesic activity and toxicity of alkaloids in Myristica fragrans seeds in mice

A Al-Shammary Hayfaa,1 AA Malik Al-Saadi Sahar,2 M Al-Saeidy Awatif31College of Science, Department of Medical Analysis, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; 2College of Science, Biology Department, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; 3College of Science, Biology Department, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, IraqAim: To examine the analgesic effect of alkaloids in Myristica fragrans seed in a mouse model of acetic acid-induced visceral pain.Methods: Alkaloids were extracted from ground nutmeg seed kernels with 10% acetic acid in 95% ethyl alcohol. Visceral pain was induced in male and female BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid. Analgesic effect of alkaloids (0.5 gram or 1 gram per kilogram [g/kg], by mouth) was assessed by evaluating writhing response. Acute toxicity was tested in response to 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 g/kg of alkaloid extract; the median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by probit analysis.Results: Alkaloid extract at a dose of 1 g/kg significantly reduced the number of writhing responses in female, but not male mice; 0.5 g/kg of alkaloid extract had no effect in either sex. The LD50 was 5.1 g/kg. Signs of abnormal behavior, including hypoactivity, unstable gait, and dizziness were seen in animals given a dose of 4 g/kg or higher; abnormal behavior lasted for several hours after administration of the alkaloids.Conclusion: According to the classification of Loomis and Hayes, M. fragrans seed alkaloids have analgesic activity and are slightly toxic.Keywords: analgesic, mice, LD50, acetic acid, visceral pain, nutmeg

Topic: Plant-derived Lignans Synthesis and Bioactivity
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Impact of the World Trade Organization TRIPS agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand.

The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in relation to the following: purchasers; prescribers and dispensers; producers; products; price control; patent-to-third-party; parallel imports; power of the customer; patentable new drugs; personnel; and prevention policies. The following TRIPS provisions are pertinent to the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand: the limited term of product and process patents; the conditions of protection; and the broad scope for compulsory licensing and enforcement procedures in the national patent system.

Topic: Intellectual Property and Patents
Subfield: Management of Technology and Innovation
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Study of melting and differentiation in iron meteorite parent bodies : How ambient temperature and abundance of 26Al affect accretion times

This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first part consists of a review of the theoretical background. It starts off with a shorter review on theories of the history of the early Solar System, from protostellar evolution to grain agglomeration. This is then followed by a brief summary of different kinds of meteorites, what their origins might be and the radiometric dating techniques used to determine their ages. The second part of the thesis consists of an investigation of the possible forming times of the early planetesimals by computer simulation. These planetesimals can later become the parent bodies for iron-rich meteorites. Factors studied are ambient temperature and the abundance of the short-lived radioactive isotope 26Al in the forming nebula. The study found that the parent bodies of iron meteorites had to accrete within the first few million years after the earliest solids in the Solar System, the CAI. It also found that changes in the studied boundary conditions did extend this period, but not further than around 2.8Myrs compared to the standard 2.1Myrs. This data compares well to other, similar, studies.

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Investigation of Detergent, Phosphate and Boron Pollution in Karaçay (Manisa).

Bu calismada, Gediz Nehrinin bir kolu olan Karacay’in, su orneklerindeki fiziko-kimyasal parametreler ile anyonik deterjan, fosfat ve bor iceriklerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Analiz sonuclarina gore, anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonu 0.071–1.122 mg/L, fosfat konsantrasyonu 0.002–0.225 mg/L, bor konsantrasyonu 0.134–3.937 mg/L arasinda degisen degerlerde bulunmustur. Elde edilen ortalama degerler, “Cevre Mevzuati”, “Su Kirliligi Kontrolu Yonetmeligi” ve “Kita Ici Su Kaynaklarinin Siniflarina Gore Kalite Kriterleri”yle karsilastirilmistir. Karacay’in anyonik deterjan parametresi yonunden III. sinif (kirlenmis su), fosfat parametresi yonunden II. sinif (az kirlenmis su) sinifinda oldugu saptanmistir. Bor parametresi ise, bir istasyon haricinde diger tum istasyonlarda, inorganik kirlilik sinir degerlerinin uzerinde, IV. sinif (cok kirlenmis su) olarak belirlenmistir

Topic: Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
A Dvaar to LokVaani

In India, the rural teledensity is just 37% and there are a large number of villages which do not have cellular coverage to this day but many such villages are only a few km away from the cellular coverage. Exploiting these cellular points near villages, we present a low cost and low power gateway system to extend the cellular coverage into the rural areas. Specifically, we develop and demonstrate a low cost, low power 802.15.4 gateway which can connect a number of villages in its vicinity to the cellular backhaul. In prior work, we designed a low cost, low power, local voice (called as Lo3) system using 802.15.4 technology. Lo3 system enabled villagers inside a village to communicate with each other. In this demo, we show that, using the gateway node, the 802.15.4 handsets of Lo3 system enable villagers to establish real-time voice calls from/to the village to/from the outside world. We test deployed our system in Ahupe village near Mumbai, India for 18 hours over 3 days, and received positive response from the villagers.

Topic: Wireless Networks and Protocols
Subfield: Computer Networks and Communications
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
The Word of Truth, 2002, vol. 13, no. 6 = Cuvantul Adevarului, 2002, anul XIII, nr 6

[description english/roman)] The Word of Truth is the periodical, official publication of the Romanian Pentecostal Church beginning from 1990 to present.

Topic: Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Quantitation of Super Basic Peptides in Biological Matrices by a Generic Perfluoropentanoic Acid-Based Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method

Peptides represent a promising modality for the design of novel therapeutics that can potentially modulate traditionally non-druggable targets. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are two large families that are being explored extensively as drug delivery vehicles, imaging reagents, or therapeutic treatments for various diseases. Many CPPs and AMPs are cationic among which a significant portion is extremely basic and hydrophilic (e.g., nona-arginine). Despite their attractive therapeutic potential, it remains challenging to directly analyze and quantify these super cationic peptides from biological matrices due to their poor chromatographic behavior and MS response. Herein, we describe a generic method that combines solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS for analysis of these peptides. As demonstrated, using a dozen strongly basic peptides, low μM concentration of perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) in the mobile phase enabled excellent compound chromatographic retention, thus avoiding co-elution with solvent front ion suppressants. PFPeA also had a charge reduction effect that allowed the selection of parent/ion fragment pairs in the higher m/z region to further reduce potential low molecular weight interferences. When the method was coupled to the optimized sample extraction process, we routinely achieved low digit ng/ml sensitivity for peptides in plasma/tissue. The method allowed an efficient evaluation of plasma stability of CPPs/AMPs without fluorescence derivatization or other tagging methods. Importantly, using the widely studied HIV-TAT CPP as an example, the method enabled us to directly assess its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in preclinical animal models.

Topic: RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Evaluation and Comparison of Oral Health Status between Spanish and Immigrant Children Residing in Barcelona, Spain

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the level of oral health among Spanish and immigrant children residing in Barcelona, Spain. Oral health status was evaluated in 1400 children aged 3 to 14 years between September 2018 and June 2019. Multiple variables (dental caries lesions, exodontia, trauma, malocclusions, gingivitis, fillings, stainless steel crowns in primary dentition, and pit and fissure sealings in permanent dentition) were compared in both populations. Statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) were found in the prevalence of caries in the primary dentition, which was higher in the immigrant group (62.3%) than in the Spanish group (42.6%). For the permanent dentition, the prevalence of dental caries lesions was 12.2% in Spanish children and 16.4% in immigrant children, showing statistically significant differences (p = 0.026) between the two groups. The prevalence of fillings in the primary dentition was 14.6% in Spanish and 12.5% in immigrant children (p = 0.253). Regarding the permanent dentition, the number of fillings was also higher in the Spanish population (6.8%) compared to the immigrant population (3.5%), again evidencing statistically significant differences (p = 0.006). Our findings suggest a better oral health status in Spanish children than in immigrant children.

Topic: Dental Health and Care Utilization
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
A legal analysis of a banking industry online identity and attribute authentication service for consumers and merchants

This is a legal and risk analysis of an online identity and attribute authentication service developed by the Financial Agent Source Transaction (FAST) initiative of the Financial Service Technology Consortium (FSTC). The FSTC is a not-for-profit group organized to enhance the competitiveness of the financial services industry. Members include banks, financial services providers, research laboratories, universities, technology companies and government agencies. FSTC sponsors project-oriented, collaborative research and development on inter-bank technical projects affecting the financial services industry. A complete report on the FAST initiative will be available to FSTC members in September 2000 and to the general public by the late 2000. Contact the American Bankers Association web site at that time to download the paper or contact the writer at the email address below. ; During the FAST initiative, the author was the leader of the FAST Legal/Risk Workgroup. This paper is primarily the author's product with input from Patricia Allouise of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Ann Spiotto of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. The views expressed in this report are solely the writer's and do not necessarily reflect the views of any component of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the writer's employer. This report is written at a very general level and is designed to highlight issues and problems rather that give legal advice. The reader is advised to consult expert legal counsel before taking any action related to the views expressed in this report. The report addresses the following questions: (1) What is FAST and how does it work? (2) What are the legal risks and how might they be handled?

Topic: Business Law and Ethics
Subfield: Accounting
Field: Business, Management and Accounting
Domain: Social Sciences
Tinjauan Literatur Pangan lokal di Indonesia

Local food plays a role in enhancing economic, social, and environmental sustainability. However, maximizing the utilization of local food faces various challenges. This study aims to identify publication trends and synthesize knowledge in the context of local food in Indonesia. This study employed the PRISMA diagram for a systematic literature review and Vosviewer for bibliometric analysis. The data used in this research consisted of articles on local food in Indonesia from the Scopus database. Publications on local food in Indonesia have increased from 1994 to the present. The journal with the most scientific articles is the Journal of Biodiversity. Based on bibliometric analysis, words related to local food in Indonesia can be clustered into 5 clusters. Future research in the context of local food in Indonesia can be linked to small and medium enterprises, farmers, nutritional status, health, and traditional food.

Topic: Food and Agricultural Sciences
Subfield: Food Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Cold comfort : my love affair with the Arctic

Rowley documents an era of arctic exploration of which little has been written and which is fast passing from living memory. He captures the traditional way of life in the North before the dramatic changes of the last half century. A member of the last expedition in the Canadian North to depend on traditional techniques, Rowley recounts how they lived as the Inuit did and travelled by dogsled over unexplored land. He describes the isolation, the extraordinary vicissitudes of travel in a sometimes savage environment, and the generosity and kindness of the Inuit. Apart from completing the map of Baffin Island's coastline and finding new islands, Rowley excavated the first pure Dorset site near Igloolik, establishing the Dorset culture beyond doubt. The carvings and artifacts found there, illustrations of which are included in this book, remain among the best and most beautiful that have been recovered. Based on his own diary and the diaries of other members of the expedition, Rowley's captivating story presents the perceptions of a young man faced with a completely alien, yet fascinating, environment and culture. A true and often exciting tale of discovery, Cold Comfort will appeal to a wide audience as well as to those concerned with the Arctic in general. It is an invaluable source for those who specialize in the archaeology, anthropology, geography, and history of northern Canada.

Topic: Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Analisis Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Sebagai Media Perkembangbiakan Maggot

Organic waste as a medium for maggot breeding to produce maximum compost yields. The quality and quantity of fly larvae breeding media greatly affect the nutrient content of the body and the survival of the larvae at the metamorphosis stage. This research is an experimental research model with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 1 treatment. The treatment is given using selected organic waste. Analysis of the data in this study in the form of a table of results of laboratory analysis of compost characteristics, namely pH, C-Organic, N-Total and C/N ratio and maggot weight. The results of the Soil Test Laboratory are seen in the pH with rice, fruit and vegetable media experiencing differences in pH with values of 5.15, 5.5, 5.95 and 6.4 (acidic) looks different from the initial pH, in this test the pH value shows the medium used is quite good for the composting process. Table 4.2 also shows the difference in values at the time of testing, it can be seen from the 4 variations in C-Organic that the highest value in vegetable and fruit waste media reached 13.05 %, but did not meet the quality standards for good C-Organic values. for composting. In the N-Total the highest value is in the 4th variation with a value of 26.3 with an N-Total quality standard of 30% so that from the 4 variations of the media it does not exceed the N-Total quality standard which will affect the maggot weight, in contrast to C/N which has the highest value is the 4th variation with a value of 20, with the quality standard the best value of the C/N ratio in the composting process is 25-40%, and it can be concluded that the value of the C/N ratio has not met the quality standard of the C/N ratio so that affect maggot breeding with a span of 20 days.

Topic: Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
Subfield: Soil Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Homogeneous crystal nucleation in liquid copper under quasi-isentropic compression

Shock-induced freezing in liquids has long been a subject of interest as well as mystery. With large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that homogeneous crystal nucleation in liquid Cu can be realized under effective supercooling $(\ensuremath{\theta})$, via quasi-isentropic compression or ramp wave loading with a particle velocity ${u}_{\mathrm{p}}$ achieved within a ramp time $\ensuremath{\tau}$. The simulations yield the $\ensuremath{\tau}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{u}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\theta}$ relations for homogeneous crystallization at the spatial and temporal scales of molecular dynamics; a ramp wave loading with $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}100$ ps is essentially isentropic for liquid Cu. Based on classical nucleation theory, we predict $\ensuremath{\theta}$, and thus ${u}_{\mathrm{p}}$, as required for homogenous nucleation in experiments with larger length and time scales. Homogeneous nucleation can also be achieved with shock loading in initially supercooled liquids.

Topic: Material Dynamics and Properties
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Kinetics and mechanism of substitution reactions of some osmium(II)-dinitrogen complexes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of substitution reactions of some osmium(II)-dinitrogen complexesRalph G. Pearson, Peter K. Maples, and Fred BasoloCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 4, 765–770Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50098a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50098a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Topic: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
USP25 contributes to defective neurogenesis and cognitive impairments

Abstract Both Down syndrome (DS) individuals and animal models exhibit hypo‐cellularity in hippocampus and neocortex indicated by enhanced neuronal death and compromised neurogenesis. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 25 ( USP25 ), a human chromosome 21 (HSA21) gene, encodes for a deubiquitinating enzyme overexpressed in DS patients. Dysregulation of USP25 has been associated with Alzheimer's phenotypes in DS, but its role in defective neurogenesis in DS has not been defined. In this study, we found that USP25 upregulation impaired cell cycle regulation during embryonic neurogenesis and cortical development. Overexpression of USP25 in hippocampus promoted the neural stem cells to glial cell fates and suppressed neuronal cell fate by altering the balance between cyclin D1 and cyclin D2, thus reducing neurogenesis in the hippocampus. USP25‐Tg mice showed increased anxiety/depression‐like behaviors and learning and memory deficits. These results suggested that USP25 overexpression resulted in defective neurogenesis and cognitive impairments, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of DS. USP25 may be a potential pharmaceutical target for DS.

Topic: Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
REASSESSING THE EUROPEAN SECURITY STRATEGY IN AN AGE OF AUSTERITY

The current European Security Strategy was drafted in the strategic context of 2003 and (unsubstantially) revised in 2008. More than a decade later, the dramatic changes in the international context have important implications for EU`s strategic position and cast doubt on the relevance of the existing conceptual framework. Despite the efforts of some member states and various scholars, think-tanks and policy-makers advocating for a new strategic document, the much anticipated European Council of December 2013 - a body which could have provided a genuine impetus for such a change - remained silent on the issue. The author herein argues that a reassessment of the Security Strategy is more needed than ever if the EU is to remain a major global actor in times of crisis.

Topic: European Politics and Security
Subfield: Political Science and International Relations
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences