jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization and &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Culture of Putative Spermatogonial Stem Cells Derived from Feline Testicular Tissue

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) function to regulate the balance of self-renewal and differentiation of male gametes. SSCs have been successfully isolated and cultured in vitro in several species, but not in feline. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to culture and characterize feline SSCs. In experiment 1, testes (n=5) from different pubertal domestic cats were cryosectioned and fluorescently immunolabeled to examine the expression of SSC (GFRα-1), differentiated spermatogonium (c-kit) and germ cell (DDX-4) markers. In experiments 2 and 3, testicular cells were digested and subsequently cultured in vitro. The resultant presumptive SSC colonies were then collected for SSC identification (experiment 2), or further cultured in vitro on feeder cells (experiment 3). Morphology, gene expression and immunofluorescence were used to identify the SSCs. Experiment 1 demonstrated that varying types of spermatogenic cells existed and expressed different germ cell/SSC markers. A rare population of putative SSCs located at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules was specifically identified by co-expression of GFRα-1 and DDX-4. Following enzymatic digestion, grape-like colonies formed by 13-15 days of culture. These colonies expressed GFRA1 and ZBTB16, but did not express KIT. Although we successfully isolated and cultured feline SSCs in vitro, the SSCs could only be maintained for 57 days. In conclusion, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that putative SSCs from testes of pubertal domestic cats can be isolated and cultured in vitro. These cells exhibited SSC morphology and expressed SSC-specific genes. However, long-term culture of these putative SSCs was compromised.

Topic: Sperm and Testicular Function
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
OBSERVASI SELFIE PARA PEKERJA FAST MOVING CUNSUMER GOODS SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Taking selfies for documentation reasons mentioned by Rettberg (2014) and Chae (2017). Likewise, this study reports documentation and archiving, which is part of communicating self-motives. Additionally, this research draws attention to general digital effects such as special event filters and seasonal filters used with selfies to signal specific locations or events. In their research, Senft and Baym (2015) noted that selfies can be used as an empowering tool to overcome political problems. This research shows how selfies are used as an empowering tool to educate Saudi women, particularly about their legal rights. The use of selfies as an educational tool in the context of public problems has not been reported in previous research.

Topic: Islamic Finance and Communication
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dysmenorrhea Primer Pada Remaja Putri

Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual disease that causes physical discomfort and can interfere with daily activities. Dysmenorrhea often attacks adolescent girls in their productive age. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in the world is more than 50% of women experiencing dysmenorrhea, while in Indonesia it reaches 55% of adolescents experiencing dysmenorrhea. The results of the preliminary study showed that from 20 female students there were 11 (55%) who experienced dysmenorrhea and 9 people (45%) did not experience dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with dysmenorrhea. Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design. The population of this study was all 106 young women of class X SMA Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling with a sample size of 84 people. Data analysis using Chi-square test. Results: Teenage girls who experienced primary dysmenorrhea at SMA Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul were 77.4%. There was a relationship between a family history of dysmenorrhea and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p value = 0.000). There is no relationship between menarche at an early age, amount of menstrual blood, duration of menstruation, and nutritional status with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: The factor that influences the incidence of dysmenorrhea in class X adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul is a family history of menstrual pain.

Topic: Adolescent Health and Behaviors
Subfield: General Health Professions
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Teacher leadership and school improvement

The issue of leadership for school improvement is now high on the research 
and policy agendas of many countries. With some inevitability, thinking 
about leadership has tended to focus on head teachers and how they exercise 
leadership. There remains a prominent belief in the leadership of the headteacher as the single source and direction of leadership in the school. This 
reinforces the 'heroic view' of leadership where the skills and abilities to 
turn things around in a school are located in certain individuals. Sergiovanni 
(2001: 55) notes:It remains that the superhero images of leadership do not work. And 
it remains that mandates and incentives are not powerful enough to 
function as engines that will drive our efforts to improve schools. In 
tomorrow's world success will depend upon the ability of leaders to 
harness the capacity of locals, to enhance sense and meaning and to 
build communities of responsibility.

Topic: Education Systems and Policy
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Activities of vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid against bacteraemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Gauteng, South Africa

This study aims to describe the vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) blood culture isolates from patients in the private sector in Gauteng, South Africa. Screening tests for heterogeneous glycopeptide intermediate S. aureus (hGISA) strains were also performed. MRSA isolates with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 to 2 mg/l are associated with worse clinical outcomes [1]. Furthermore, hGISA infections are associated with clinical failure of glycopeptide therapy [2].

Topic: Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
An update on the Structural Aging Program

The Structural Aging (SAG) Program is being conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The SAG Program is addressing the aging management of safety-related concrete structures in nuclear power plants for the purpose of providing improved technical bases for their continued service. The program is organized into four tasks: Program Management, Materials Property Data Base, Structural Component Assessment/Repair Technologies, and Quantitative Methodology for Continued Service Determinations. Objectives and a summary of accomplishments under each of these tasks are presented.

Topic: Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Reduction of Multimode Pulse Dispersion by Intentional Mode Coupling

Guidelines for the design of multimode, step-index fibers with intentional fluctuations of the refractive index of the core are given, with the aim of reducing multimode pulse dispersion. It appears possible to engineer a fiber with carefully designed refractive index fluctuations, the azimuthal variation of which is governed by the function cos ϕ and the z dependence of which has a spatial Fourier spectrum with a sharp cutoff frequency. By limiting the location of the index fluctuations to a region below a certain radius r <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> , coupling to modes with large azimuthal mode numbers can be avoided and power loss via coupling to radiation modes can be held to a minimum.

Topic: Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Histopathology, Collateral Lesions and Morphological Precursors in Six Cases of Sarcoma of the Female Breast.

A personal case of osteoclast-like giant cell sarcoma of the mammary gland is reported together with five other breast sarcomas observed during sixteen years at this Institute. Clinical and pathological findings are discussed. The frequent association of sarcomas with previous and/or simultaneous fibroadenomas in the same breast is emphasized.

Topic: Breast Lesions and Carcinomas
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Birth weight and subsequent growth among Navajo children.

An examination of length, weight, and birth weight data routinely collected from the clinics supported by the Navajo Nation Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) showed an association between birth weight and subsequent growth status. Navajo children less than 2 years of age entering the WIC Program were divided into low, normal, and high birth weight groups, and their growth patterns were plotted when they returned periodically for reassessment. Overall, the children tended to have low length-for-age and high weight-for-length measures, relative to the reference population, that suggest suboptimal nutritional status. Children with birth weights less than 2,500 grams (g) were consistently shorter, lighter, and thinner than children with birth weights greater than 2,500 g. Although the overall growth status of the children improved between 1975 and 1980, the growth among the children with low birth weights never fully caught up with that of the other Navajo children. Moreover, during that period, the normal birth weight group had a modest improvement in length-for-age relative to the reference population, but the low birth weight group did not. These findings suggest that prenatal interventions to improve the birth weight status of Navajo infants may result in improving the growth status of Navajo children.

Topic: Birth, Development, and Health
Subfield: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Effects of the vibrations of powered hand tools on users: A case study

Powered hand tools reduce the time spent on tasks; however, they generate vibrations which may pose signifi cant risk to operators' health. In this study, the impact of power hand tools on users was considered. Five basic power hand tools were identifi ed and the impact of vibration was assessed on users. Digital vibration meter was used to measure the vibration produced on fi ve operators while operating the identifi ed power tools. Values obtained from each operator were imputed to the hand-arm vibration calculator to determine daily exposure limit and total exposure point for each of them. Results obtained indicate daily exposure limit of 4.08, 11.64, 21.06, 46.96 and 62.36 m/s2; and average total exposure point of 261, 2242, 7107, 35436, and 63781; for hand milling machine, hand drilling machine, grinding machine, hand mower, and lawn mower respectively. Among the power tools examined, it is only the exposure vibration from hand milling machine that was within the recommended acceptable daily exposure limit of 5 m/s2 and total exposure point of 400. Measures were suggested to lessen the exposure time and vibration magnitude the operators are exposed to so as to reduce the probability of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) among the operators.

Topic: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Far Forward Life Support System (FFLSS) Phase II

The Far Forward Life Support System (FFLSS) is intended for U.S. Army use in far forward, battlefield situations. The primary patient population is young, otherwise healthy, adult soldiers. The FFLSS must provide stabilizing medical care in the far forward environment. The device must be easily operated, highly mobile, compact and rugged, and provide automated, definitive support for a minimum of one hour. This project produced a prototype FFLSS and performance data taken on a test lung.

Topic: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Subfield: Emergency Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
A Case of Fat Embolism Syndrome after Fracture of Tibia Fibula

Fat embolism syndrome is a fatal condition that affects several organs. It often occurs after trauma or orthopedic surgeries. Most are unnoticed, and treatment of it is primarily supportive, with early fracture repair as a preventative measure. This case report describes a patient who had a left tibia fibula fracture diagnosed using Gurd's criteria and verified by a CT pulmonary angiography and MRI, and was treated with supportive care. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2024; 12 (2): 167-171

Topic: Bone fractures and treatments
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
The Impact of the Current Crisis on Emerging Market and Developing Countries

When analysing the relations between developed economies and emerging market and developing economies, it is easy to see how the latter have been traditionally dependent and influenced by the cyclical behaviour of the former and by the turmoils generated in them. Expansions in advanced economies implied a positive development framework for developing countries, which benefited from higher export flows and from a suitable financial environment in the shape of higher capital inflows. By contrast, recessions in developed economies dragged developing economies with them due to the negative impact generated on exports and net capital inflows. Even more, the economic deterioration in developing economies was aggravated by episodes of currency and banking crisis and by the inability of these countries the application of anti-cyclical policies. In fact, the need to restore some sound macro-economic foundations, mainly to reduce fiscal unbalances and ensure capital inflows, forced to apply restrictive demand-side policies, which, in turn, damaged the economic situation. The final result was a strong convergence and synchrony of the economic cycle of developed and developing economies, but where the cycle volatility was bigger for the latter.

Topic: Global Financial Crisis and Policies
Subfield: Finance
Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Domain: Social Sciences
Laparoscopically Assisted Splenectomy Following Preoperative Splenic Artery Embolization Using Contour Emboli for Myelofibrosis with Massive Splenomegaly

Laparoscopically assisted splenectomy with an 8- to 10-cm left upper paramedian laparotomy was performed following preoperative splenic artery embolization using painless contour emboli (super absorbent polymer microsphere) with early successful results in two men (46 and 37 years old) with myelofibrosis accompanied by massive splenomegaly. Dissection around the lower part of the spleen and the hilum initially was performed intracorporeally with the usual laparoscopic view under 12 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum. The alternating changes of viewpoints between the direct view through an 8- to 10-cm incision and the usual laparoscopic view with or without application of a retraction method were effective for safe hilar devascularization. Preoperative splenic artery embolization at the distal site was effective for safe dissection around the enlarged spleen. The patients did not complain of pain before operation. Preoperative painless embolization and laparoscopically assisted splenectomy with small laparotomy promotes the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive splenectomy for myelofibrosis with massive splenomegaly.

Topic: Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone during cycle disturbances and after hormonal cycle regulation.

The production of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the main IGF-I binding protein, is regulated by GH, and its serum levels are increased in acromegaly. We investigated its potential value as a parameter of acromegaly activity or remission in comparison with IGF-I, taking GH suppression below 2 microg/l after glucose load as the normal standard.Data from 40 acromegalic patients (12 males and 28 females, aged 28 to 79 years) were obtained retrospectively from stored samples. From these, 145 pairs of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 values were collected; in 67 of them, simultaneous measurement of GH after glucose loading allowed their classification as active or inactive acromegaly. Relationships between IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GH after glucose load were assessed, as well as differences between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in active and inactive acromegaly.Significant positive correlation between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in 145 samples was observed (r=0.49, P<0. 0001). As for the 67 samples in which activity or remission could be defined in terms of GH after glucose load, 50 were active and 17 inactive. Both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 significantly correlated with minimum GH (r=0.53, P<0.0001 and r=0.41, P<0.001 respectively). For both parameters, significant differences of means between active and inactive cases were observed (623+/-296 vs 300+/-108 ng/ml, P<0.0001 for IGF-I, and 4.1+/-1.3 vs 3.2+/-0.9 microg/ml, P<0.006 for IGFBP-3). Yet, when comparing in individual cases their classification as active or inactive with the finding of normal or increased IGF-I and IGFBP-3, among active cases 16% appeared as normal according to IGF-I, and 50% appeared as normal in terms of IGFBP-3. Among inactive cases, 23.5% appeared as active according to IGF-I, while 17.5% appeared as active in terms of IGFBP-3.Even though IGFBP-3 reflects GH secretion, it offers no advantage over IGF-I in the assessment of acromegaly, and it may underestimate disease activity in acromegalic patients.

Topic: Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Isolation and Identification of Native Strains of Entomopathogenic Fungi at Arteaga, Coahuila

Entomopathogenic fungi are a broad group of microorganisms that help maintain pest abundance below economic levels in agroecosystems. Limited studies on native isolates of these biological control agents have been done in northern Mexico. Our research endeavors to expand on earlier work. Our primary objective was to collect natural enemies in the Arteaga Coahuila areas where apples, Malus pumila Miller, are grown and isolate and use morphological and molecular characteristics to identify strains of entomopathogenic fungi. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin was the dominant genus with eight isolates, and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.),had five with 99% identity to the described species at the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) gene bank, mainly at Los Lirios, followed by San Antonio de las Alazanas, and Huachichil with dominance from April through August.

Topic: Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Subfield: Insect Science
Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Domain: Life Sciences
Removal of DBP from evening primrose oil with activated clay modified by chitosan and CTAB

The pollution of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in edible oils is a serious problem. In the current study, we attempt to remove dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP) from evening primrose oil (EPO) with modified activated clay. The activated clay, commonly used for de-coloration in the oil refining process, was modified by chitosan and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The modifications were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. We further tested the DBP adsorption capacity of CTAB/chitosan-clay and found that the removal rate was 27.56% which was 3.24 times higher than with pristine activated clay. In addition, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite treatment had no significant effect on the quality of evening primrose oil. In summary, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite has a stronger DBP adsorption capacity and can be used as a new adsorbent for removing DBP during the de-coloration process of evening primrose oil.

Topic: Dye analysis and toxicity
Subfield: Analytical Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
[Depression, cancer and physician-assisted euthanasia].

A 73-year-old woman suffering from chronic recurrent depression and in the terminal phase of breast cancer requested euthanasia from her family doctor. Patients with a history of chronic depression have more difficulty proving that they have made a conscious choice to terminate their lives; however, depression does not necessarily alter the patient's ability to make decisions. In order to judge each case adequately, information from all those involved in the case (e.g. family, professionals) is important. It is vital that a SCEN ('Support and Counselling by Euthanasia in the Netherlands') doctor is consulted in good time in order to be sure that the patient is able to express himself or herself properly.

Topic: Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Artificial Intelligence Suggested Repositionable Therapeutics for Managing COVID-19: An Investigation with Machine Learning Algorithms and Molecular Structures

<title>Abstract</title> The COVID-19 pandemic is almost half year old now and is still tormenting the humans to unimaginable extent with deeper interference to their routine life and peace. As approved vaccines are yet to be synthesized and standard therapeutic procedures are awaiting establishment for fighting against new Corona virus, several treatment modalities are being suggested and tried out by scientific community. Many of such approaches follow a drug repurposing approach as a possible remedy could prevent a great amount of loss in a shorter span of time. In this background, we report our attempt made for identifying a solution to this malady with a similar strategy. We used machine learning algorithms and the structural information of already approved drugs to identify potential therapeutics for managing the Covid-19 crisis. The experiments have been done with a group of 77 antiviral molecules (for the training phase of machine learning) and another group, comprising 9 antivirals and 11 antimalarials (meant for the testing phase). All the chosen molecules are approved category drugs and have significant drug action against the viruses. The identified molecules are subjected to validation by making docking studies with recently released crystal structures of Corona Virus. The binding affinity of the tested small molecules with three selected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) structures are computed and compared with the affinity scores of five other medications viz. Hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, Dexamethasone, Dichlorobenzyl alcohol and Amyl metacresol followed by subjecting the results to the statistical test of ANOVA. The predicted therapeutics in conjunction with their already established characteristics could be further put to evaluation by approved clinical trials towards determining the efficiency of them against COVID-19 infection.

Topic: Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Subfield: Computational Theory and Mathematics
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Wave fronts of radiated electromagnetic modes in a magnetoplasma waveguide

Wave fronts and ray trajectories of electromagnetic modes radiated from a local source are obtained in an inhomogeneous magnetoplasma waveguide. They are investigated numerically using a kinetic theory at frequencies below the electron cyclotron frequency.

Topic: Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences